bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical approach, cost, and complications of appendectomy in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: DiBrito Sandra R. , Olorundare Israel O. , Holscher Courtenay M. , Landazabal Claudia S. , Orandi Babak J. , Dagher Nabil N. , Segev Dorry L. , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) have greater morbidity and length of stay (LOS) following certain surgical procedures than non‐KTR. Given that appendectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures, we investigated differences in outcomes between 1336 KTR and 2 640 247 non‐KTR postappendectomy at transplant and nontransplant centers in the United States from 2000 to 2011, using NIS data and adjusting for patient‐level and hospital‐level factors. Postoperative complications were identified using ICD‐9 codes. Among KTR, there were no post‐appendectomy in‐hospital deaths, compared to a 0.2% in non‐KTR (P = .5). Overall complications were similar among KTR and non‐KTR (17.0% vs 11.6%; aOR:0.77 1.121.61). LOS and costs were greater for KTR compared to non‐KTR (LOS ratio 1.191.311.45; cost ratio 1.111.171.26). Only 44.8% of KTR had laparoscopic approach compared to 54.5% of non‐KTR, but had similar complication rates (10.6 vs 8.7%, P = .5). When treated at transplant centers, KTR had similar complications (aOR 0.440.791.43), but longer LOS (ratio 1.211.371.55) and greater hospital‐associated costs (ratio 1.191.291.41) than non‐KTR. Conversely, at nontransplant centers, KTR and non‐KTR had similar complications (aOR 0.751.232.0), LOS (ratio 0.840.961.09), and cost (ratio 0.931.011.10). Contrary to other procedures, KTR did not constitute a high‐risk group for patients undergoing appendectomy.
An automated quantitativeDNAimage cytometry system detects abnormal cells in cervical cytology with high sensitivity
Authors: Wong O. G. , Ho M. W. , Tsun O. K. , Ng A. K. , Tsui E. Y. , Chow J. N. , Ip P. P. , Cheung A. N. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of an automatedDNA‐image‐cytometry system as a tool to detect cervical carcinoma.MethodsOf 384 liquid‐based cervical cytology samples with available biopsy follow‐up were analyzed by both the Imager System and a high‐riskHPVtest (Cobas).ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of Imager System for detecting biopsy proven high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]2‐3) and carcinoma were 89.58% and 56.25%, respectively, compared to 97.22% and 23.33% ofHPVtest but additionalHPV16/18 genotyping increased the specificity to 69.58%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Imager System for predictingHSIL+ (CIN2‐3+) lesions among atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance samples were 80.00% and 70.53%, respectively, compared to 100% and 11.58% ofHPVtest whilst theHPV16/18 genotyping increased the specificity to 77.89%. Among atypical squamous cells‐cannot excludeHSIL, the sensitivity and specificity of Imager System for predictingHSIL+ (CIN2‐3+) lesions upon follow up were 82.86% and 33.33%%, respectively, compared to 97.14% and 4.76% ofHPVtest and theHPV16/18 genotyping increased the specificity to 19.05%. Amonglow‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesioncases, the sensitivity and specificity of the Imager System for predictingHSIL+ (CIN2‐3+) lesions were 66.67% and 35.71%%, respectively, compared to 66.67% and 29.76% ofHPVtest whileHPV16/18 genotyping increased the specificity to 79.76%. The overall results of imager and high‐riskHPVtest agreed in 69.43% (268) of all samples.ConclusionsThe automated imager system andHPV16/18 genotyping can enhance the specificity of detectingHSIL+ (CIN2‐3+) lesions.
Universal prevention of alcohol and drug use: An overview of reviews in an Australian context
Authors: Mewton Louise , Visontay Rachel , Chapman Cath , Newton Nicola , Slade Tim , Kay‐Lambkin Frances , Teesson Maree 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIssuesThis overview of reviews will synthesise information from existing reviews to provide a summary of the evidence for universal alcohol and illicit drug prevention strategies across different intervention settings.ApproachAcademic databases, including Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo were searched on 1 August 2016. All reviews and meta‐analyses of universal alcohol and drug prevention conducted since 2006 were included. The reviews included in this overview were grouped according to the different settings where prevention strategies have been applied (i.e. family, school, college, workplace, leisure, healthcare, community, media and policy).Key FindingsFifty‐two reviews met the inclusion criteria and were included in this report. There is sufficient evidence to support universal preventive interventions for alcohol in family and school settings. In terms of reducing drug use, there is sufficient evidence to support the use of school‐ and leisure‐based universal primary prevention strategies. Based on evidence published in the last 10 years, mass media campaigns to do not appear to be effective in reducing drug use. More evidence is needed to support preventive interventions in college, workplace, healthcare and community settings.ImplicationsThrough the identification of settings where preventive interventions are effective, this overview can be used to guide alcohol and drug policy and the allocation of resources.ConclusionThe evidence base for universal prevention in several settings could be strengthened, guiding priorities for future research.
Hypoglycaemia incidence and recovery during home use of hybrid closed‐loop insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ruan Yue , Bally Lia , Thabit Hood , Leelarathna Lalantha , Hartnell Sara , Tauschmann Martin , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Evans Mark L. , Mader Julia K. , Kojzar Harald , Dellweg Sibylle , Benesch Carsten , Arnolds Sabine , Pieber Thomas R. , Hovorka Roman 
Published: March 2018

Glucose excursion was assessed prior to and post hypoglycaemia to increase understanding of hypoglycaemia incidence and recovery during hybrid closed‐loop insulin delivery. We retrospectively analysed data from 60 adults with type 1 diabetes who received, in a crossover randomized design, day‐and‐night hybrid closed‐loop insulin delivery and insulin pump therapy, the latter with or without real‐time continuous glucose monitoring. Over 4‐week study periods, we identified hypoglycaemic episodes, defined as sensor glucose <3.0 mmol/L, and analysed sensor glucose relative to the onset of hypoglycaemia. We identified 377 hypoglycaemic episodes during hybrid closed‐loop intervention vs 662 during control intervention (P < .001), with a predominant reduction of nocturnal hypoglycaemia. The slope of sensor glucose prior to hypoglycaemia was steeper during closed‐loop intervention than during control intervention (P < .01), while insulin delivery was reduced (P < .01). During both day and night, participants recovered from hypoglycaemia faster when treated by closed‐loop intervention. At 120 minutes post hypoglycaemia, sensor glucose levels were higher during closed‐loop intervention compared to the control period (P < .05).In conclusion, closed‐loop intervention reduces the risk of hypoglycaemia, particularly overnight, with swift recovery from hypoglycaemia leading to higher 2‐hour post‐hypoglycaemia glucose levels.
Single and multiple dose evaluation of a novel MetAP2 inhibitor: Results of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Malloy Jaret , Zhuang Dongliang , Kim Terri , Inskeep Phil , Kim Dennis , Taylor Kristin 
Published: March 2018

AimsMethionine aminopeptidase 2 (MetAP2) inhibition has been shown to result in significant weight loss and improved glucose control. This Phase 1 clinical trial assessed the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of a novel MetAP2 inhibitor, ZGN‐1061.MethodsThis clinical trial included a single ascending dose (SAD) phase in healthy subjects (BMI, 23 to <30 kg/m2) and a multiple ascending dose (MAD) phase in otherwise healthy subjects (BMI, 27 to 40 kg/m2). SAD phase doses, administered subcutaneously (SC), were 0.2, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6 and 4.8 mg and the MAD phase evaluated doses of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.8 mg twice weekly SC for 4 weeks.ResultsThe SAD phase included 39 subjects (ZGN‐1061, N = 28; placebo, N = 11); 90% were male and BMI was 26.4 kg/m2. ZGN‐1061 was well tolerated across all doses, with the most frequent adverse events being mild headache and procedural‐related irritation. There were no severe or serious adverse events. All doses of ZGN‐1061 were rapidly absorbed and cleared, resulting in short duration of exposure that is anticipated to minimize potential off‐drug target risks. The MAD phase included 29 subjects (ZGN‐1061, N = 22; placebo, N = 7); 76% were male and BMI was 33.5 kg/m2. Safety observations were consistent with SAD findings. Efficacy measures in the MAD phase indicated trends for weight change (−1.5 kg total ZGN‐1061 vs −0.2 kg placebo) and other biomarker changes.ConclusionsZGN‐1061 was well tolerated with no safety signals in all doses tested. In addition, the desired pharmacokinetic profile and preliminary efficacy observations with ZGN‐1061 support evaluation in larger and longer clinical trials.
Clock genes alterations and endocrine disorders
Authors: Angelousi Anna , Kassi Eva , Nasiri‐Ansari Narjes , Weickert Martin O. , Randeva Harpal , Kaltsas Gregory 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundVarious endocrine signals oscillate over the 24‐hour period and so does the responsiveness of target tissues. These daily oscillations do not occur solely in response to external stimuli but are also under the control of an intrinsic circadian clock.DesignWe searched the PubMed database to identify studies describing the associations of clock genes with endocrine diseases.ResultsVarious human single nucleotide polymorphisms of brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 (BMAL1) and Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) genes exhibited significant associations with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ARNTL2 gene expression and upregulation of BMAL1 and PER1 were associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones modulated PER2 expression in a tissue‐specific way, whereas BMAL1 regulated the expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in specific tissues. Adrenal gland and adrenal adenoma expressed PER1, PER2, CRY2, CLOCK and BMAL1 genes. Adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotrophin was also affected by circadian oscillations. A significant correlation between the expression of propio‐melanocorticotrophin and PER 2, as well as between prolactin and CLOCK, was found in corticotroph and lactosomatotroph cells, respectively, in the pituitary. Clock genes and especially BMAL1 showed an important role in fertility, whereas oestradiol and androgens exhibited tissue‐specific effects on clock gene expression. Metabolic disorders were also associated with circadian dysregulation according to studies in shift workers.ConclusionsClock genes are associated with various endocrine disorders through complex mechanisms. However, data on humans are scarce. Moreover, clock genes exhibit a tissue‐specific expression representing an additional level of regulation. Their specific role in endocrine disorders and their potential implications remain to be further clarified.
Pharmacogenetics of vitamin K antagonists and bleeding risk prediction in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Serna María José , Rivera‐Caravaca José Miguel , Gonzalez‐Conejero Rocío , Esteve‐Pastor María Asunción , Valdés Mariano , Vicente Vicente , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Roldán Vanessa , Marín Francisco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphisms in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) genes increase the bleeding risk in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Here, we aimed to investigate whether VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms improved the predictive performance for major bleeding using the HAS‐BLED score.Material and methodsWe recruited 652 consecutive AF patients stable on vitamin K antagonist (INR 2.0‐3.0) during at least the previous 6 months. A baseline venous blood sample was obtained for DNA extraction. We gave an extra point to the HAS‐BLED score if the patient was a simultaneous carrier of the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 polymorphisms related to bleeding, and we called this modified score “GEN|HAS‐BLED.” During a median follow‐up of 7.6 years (IQR 5.6‐8.0), all major bleeding events were recorded.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 106 (16.2%) patients experienced a major bleeding (2.81%/y; 42 intracranial haemorrhages and 44 gastrointestinal bleeding) and 24 (3.7%) died from major bleeding (0.48%/y). Cox regression analyses demonstrated a significant association between HAS‐BLED or GEN|HAS‐BLED and major bleeds, both as continuous or categorical scores. Comparison of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves shows that original HAS‐BLED clinical score had better predictive ability than GEN|HAS‐BLED (0.660, 95% CI 0.622‐0.696 vs 0.645, 95% CI 0.607‐0.682; P = .030). Discrimination and reclassification analyses showed that GEN|HAS‐BLED did not improve sensitivity compared with the original score and even showed significant negative reclassification.ConclusionAdding pharmacogenetic factors (ie polymorphisms of the VKORC1 and CYP2C9 genes) to the HAS‐BLED score does not improve the prediction or discrimination performance for major bleeding.
Elevated high‐sensitive troponin T in negative stress test individuals
Authors: Brzezinski Rafael Y. , Fisher Eyal , Ehrenwald Michal , Shefer Gabi , Stern Naftali , Shapira Itzhak , Zeltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani , Milwidsky Assi , Rogowski Ori 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe exercise ECG stress test (EST) is still the first step of work‐up in intermediate risk patients in many clinical scenarios. High‐sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) elevation is related to future cardiovascular events in the general population and in patients with ischaemic heart disease. The relation between these 2 tests is not well described.Materials and methodsA total of 2780 participants from the Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Inflammation Survey cohort (mean age 49 years, 79% men) were analysed. Multiple physiologic and metabolic parameters including hs‐cTnT were collected. All participants completed an EST manually reviewed by a cardiologist.ResultsA positive EST was documented in 224 subjects (8%). The majority (91%) of participants with hs‐cTnT levels of 5‐14 ng/L had a negative EST as well as 89.3% of subjects with levels >14 ng/L. The proportion of subjects with a positive EST and detectable hs‐cTnT levels (>5 ng/L) was not significantly greater compared to those with a negative EST (53.1% vs 46.2%, respectively, P = .09).ConclusionAmong subjects referred for EST as part of an annual health survey, we found no significant association between EST results to hs‐cTnT detection.
Asterina arxii‐batistae sp. nov. (Asterinaceae) on fabaceous hosts in Brazil
Authors: Firmino A. L. , Bezerra J. L. , Pereira O. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA new species of Asterina, A. arxii‐batistae was found on living leaves of Inga sp. and Tachigali multijuga, collected in the Reserva Ecológica Michelin and Parque Estadual da Serra do Conduru, municipality of Igrapiúna and Uruçuca, respectively, in Bahia state, Brazil. Description, illustrations and comments on the taxonomic and morphological characteristics are presented. This is the first species of Asterina found on fabaceous hosts in Brazil and the first species on these host genera.
Responses of soil bacterial community and enzyme activity to experimental warming of an alpine meadow
Authors: Zi H. B. , Hu L. , Wang C. T. , Wang G. X. , Wu P. F. , Lerdau M. , Ade L. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySoil microbes and enzymes play vital roles in the decomposition and transformation of soil material, nutrient cycling, energy flow and physicochemical properties. However, the responses of soil microbes and enzymes to warming remains poorly understood, which limits our ability to predict the consequences of future climate warming. To understand better how climate warming will alter the activity of soil microbes and enzymes, we established a field experiment to manipulate temperature in an alpine meadow in northwestern Sichuan, China. After 5 years of experimental warming, soil bacterial communities were assessed by MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results showed that the experimental warming treatments increased the soil acid phosphatase, invertase and urease activity, and available nutrients, but decreased the catalase activity and soil organic matter (SOM) at the 0–10‐cm soil depth. However, the warming treatment increased catalase activity, SOM, available nitrogen (AN) and available potassium (AK), but decreased invertase activity at the 10–20‐cm soil depth. Warming significantly increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi at the 0–10‐cm depth, whereas it significantly increased the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes at the 10–20‐cm depth. Similarly, warming altered the relative abundance of bacterial genera, for example Candidatus Solibacter increased, whereas Pseudomonas and Janthinobacterium decreased. Warming did not significantly affect diversity or structure of the soil bacterial community. The soil acid phosphatase and urease activity, and SOM, total potassium (TK), AK and total phosphorus (TP) contents were strongly correlated with the soil bacterial community. Overall, despite the pronounced changes in soil enzyme activity and plant nutrient contents under warming, composition and diversity of the soil bacterial community were not changed. This study helps to elucidate soil responses in grasslands to climate warming.Highlights
Warming promoted nutrient mineralization and altered soil enzyme activity.
Warming decreased diversity of the soil bacterial community.
Specific taxa responded differentially to experimental warming.
Soil microorganisms regulated plant nutrient cycling under continuous climate warming.
Modelling heterogeneous phosphate sorption kinetics on iron oxyhydroxides and soil with a continuous distribution approach
Authors: Warrinnier R. , Goossens T. , Braun S. , Gustafsson J. P. , Smolders E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe kinetics of orthophosphate (PO4) sorption in soil has far reaching consequences on its long‐term fate. Traditionally, a distinction is made between fast, reversible adsorption and slow fixation. The kinetics are commonly described by compartmental models (CMs) assuming kinetically distinct homogeneous pools (e.g. a rapid‐ and slow‐sorbing pool), with phenomenological equations or with complex diffusion‐based models. Alternatively, this process can be described by assuming frequency distributions of both adsorption and desorption rate constants and, thereby, enabling better description of experimental data with fewer adjustable parameters. Here, we developed such a rate constant distribution (RCD) model and compared it with CMs and other commonly used rate equations. Batch 33PO4 sorption was measured in agitated suspensions between 2 minutes and 20 days after spiking in 13 contrasting types of soil and two iron oxyhydroxides. Overall, the RCD model, with three adjustable parameters, describes the data better than the other models tested. The so‐called slow reactions, denoted as the factor change in soluble 33PO4 between 1 and 20 days after spiking, were described better by the RCD model and ranged from 1.0 (i.e. no change) to 6.9. The extent of slow reactions increased with the increase in the fraction of poorly crystalline iron in the soil (r = 0.69; P = 0.0088). Equilibrium was elusive up to 20 days for PO4 sorption on ferrihydrite and on soil samples with a large fraction of poorly crystalline iron oxyhydroxides. The RCD model code is available as freeware from the first author.Highlights

A new rate constant distribution (RCD) model for PO4 sorption kinetics was developed.
The RCD model offers a simple approach to take surface heterogeneity into account.
The RCD model fitted PO4 sorption kinetics better than commonly used equations.
Equilibrium was elusive for PO4 sorption on ferrihydrite and soil with poorly crystalline iron.
Nitrogen loss through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with iron reduction in a mangrove wetland
Authors: Guan Q. S. , Cao W. Z. , Wang M. , Wu G. J. , Wang F. F. , Jiang C. , Tao Y. R. , Gao Y. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAnaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with iron(III) reduction (Feammox) with dinitrogen, nitrite or nitrate as end‐products is the most recently discovered nitrogen cycling process. This reaction has been observed in tropical forest soils, paddy soils and intertidal wetlands. However, Feammox has not been measured in mangrove wetlands. In this study, sediment slurry incubation experiments were combined with isotope tracing and acetylene inhibition techniques. Feammox was detected in mangrove sediments and ‘bare flats’ (mud flats without mangrove), with potential rates of 0.48 (±0.03 SE) mg N kg−1 day−1 (accounting for 6.4% of the total nitrogen loss through N2) and 0.38 (±0.02 SE) mg N kg−1 day−1 (accounting for 6.7% of the total nitrogen loss through N2), respectively. Microbially reducible iron(III) was added, which significantly (P < 0.01) increased the Feammox rate in contrast to no addition of iron(III). It was estimated that a loss of 12.33 t N year−1 was associated with Feammox in mangrove sediments of the Jiulong River Estuary, accounting for 0.04% of the total external inorganic nitrogen transported into the estuary. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Feammox can act as a nitrogen loss mechanism in mangroves.Highlights
Feammox was investigated by ammonium 15N labelled isotopic tracing technique.
Feammox rates in mangrove were larger than those in mud flats without mangrove.
The nitrogen loss contribution of Feammox in mangrove was less than in other ecosystems.
Tidal fluctuations and the large TOC would accelerate the Feammox process.
Assessment of bulbar function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: validation of a self‐report scale (Center for Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale)
Authors: Smith R. A. , Macklin E. A. , Myers K. J. , Pattee G. L. , Goslin K. L. , Meekins G. D. , Green J. R. , Shefner J. M. , Pioro E. P. 
Published: March 2018

Background and purposeImpaired bulbar functions of speech and swallowing are among the most serious consequences of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite this, clinical trials in ALS have rarely emphasized bulbar function as an endpoint. The rater‐administered Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) or various quality‐of‐life measures are commonly used to measure symptomatic benefit. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the utility of measures specific to bulbar function in ALS.MethodsWe assessed bulbar functions in 120 patients with ALS, with clinicians first making direct observations of the degree of speech, swallowing and salivation impairment in these subjects. Clinical diagnosis of bulbar impairment was then compared with ALSFRS‐R scores, speech rate, time to swallow liquids and solids, and scores obtained when patients completed visual analog scales (VASs) and the newly‐developed 21‐question self‐administered Center for Neurologic Study Bulbar Function Scale (CNS‐BFS).ResultsThe CNS‐BFS, ALSFRS‐R, VAS and timed speech and swallowing were all concordant with clinician diagnosis. The self‐report CNS‐BFS and ALSFRS‐R bulbar subscale best predicted clinician diagnosis with misclassification rates of 8% and 14% at the optimal cut‐offs, respectively. In addition, the CNS‐BFS speech and swallowing subscales outperformed both the bulbar component of the ALSFRS‐R and speech and swallowing VASs when correlations were made between these scales and objective measures of timed reading and swallowing.ConclusionsBased on these findings and its relative ease of administration, we conclude that the CNS‐BFS is a useful metric for assessing bulbar function in patients with ALS.