bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of clinical and inflammatory biomarker clusters with juvenile idiopathic arthritis categories
Authors: Rezaei Elham , Hogan Daniel , Trost Brett , Kusalik Anthony J , Boire Gilles , Cabral David A , Campillo Sarah , Chédeville Gaëlle , Chetaille Anne-Laure , Dancey Paul , Duffy Ciaran , Duffy Karen Watanabe , Eng Simon W M , Gordon John , Guzman Jaime , Houghton Kristin , Huber Adam M , Jurencak Roman , Lang Bianca , Laxer Ronald M , Morishita Kimberly , Oen Kiem G , Petty Ross E , Ramsey Suzanne E , Scherer Stephen W , Scuccimarri Rosie , Spiegel Lynn , Stringer Elizabeth , Taylor-Gjevre Regina M , Tse Shirley M L , Tucker Lori B , Turvey Stuart E , Tupper Susan , Wintle Richard F , Yeung Rae S M , Rosenberg Alan M ,   for the BBOP Study Group
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To identify discrete clusters comprising clinical features and inflammatory biomarkers in children with JIA and to determine cluster alignment with JIA categories.

Methods
A Canadian prospective inception cohort comprising 150 children with JIA was evaluated at baseline (visit 1) and after six months (visit 2). Data included clinical manifestations and inflammation-related biomarkers. Probabilistic principal component analysis identified sets of composite variables, or principal components, from 191 original variables. To discern new clinical-biomarker clusters (clusters), Gaussian mixture models were fit to the data. Newly-defined clusters and JIA categories were compared. Agreement between the two was assessed using Kruskal–Wallis analyses and contingency plots.

Results
Three principal components recovered 35% (three clusters) and 40% (five clusters) of the variance in patient profiles in visits 1 and 2, respectively. None of the clusters aligned precisely with any of the seven JIA categories but rather spanned multiple categories. Results demonstrated that the newly defined clinical-biomarker lustres are more homogeneous than JIA categories.

Conclusion
Applying unsupervised data mining to clinical and inflammatory biomarker data discerns discrete clusters that intersect multiple JIA categories. Results suggest that certain groups of patients within different JIA categories are more aligned pathobiologically than their separate clinical categorizations suggest. Applying data mining analyses to complex datasets can generate insights into JIA pathogenesis and could contribute to biologically based refinements in JIA classification.
A biopsychosocial network model of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Geenen Rinie , Dures Emma 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFatigue in RA is prevalent, intrusive and disabling. We propose a network model of fatigue encompassing multiple and mutually interacting biological, psychological and social factors. Guided by this model, we reviewed the literature to offer a comprehensive overview of factors that have been associated with fatigue in RA. Six categories of variables were found: physical functioning, psychological functioning, medical status, comorbidities and symptoms, biographical variables and miscellaneous variables. We then systematically reviewed associations between fatigue and factors commonly addressed by rheumatology health professionals. Correlations of fatigue with physical disability, poor mental well-being, pain, sleep disturbance and depression and anxiety were ∼0.50. Mostly these correlations remained significant in multivariate analyses, suggesting partly independent influences on fatigue and differences between individuals. These findings indicate the importance of research into individual-specific networks of biopsychosocial factors that maintain fatigue and tailored interventions that target the influencing factors most relevant to that person.
Interdisciplinary Pain Neuroscience Continuing Education in the Veterans Affairs
Authors: Louw Adriaan , Vogsland Rebecca , Marth Lindsay , Marshall Peter , Cox Terry , Landers Merrill 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
Because of the pain and opioid epidemic in the United States, there is a need to update clinician’s knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding persistent pain across health care disciplines. The aim of this study was to determine if health care professionals can positively change their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding chronic pain, following a pain neuroscience education (PNE) lecture and 1 year follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 270 health care providers at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System received a 3.5-hour PNE lecture in person or via live-stream. Primary outcomes were the Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and Health Care Providers’ Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC-PAIRS) measured before, immediately after, and 1 year after the PNE lecture. At 1 year participants were also asked how the PNE lecture affected their practice.

Results:
Pain knowledge (NPQ) (P<0.01) and attitudes and beliefs regarding persistent pain (HC-PAIRS) (P<0.01) improved for all providers, with specific improvements across several disciplines. Positive gains in outcomes were equal for in-person attendance, and live-streaming of the lecture. One year later, NPQ and HC-PAIRS gains diminished, yet clinicians reported a large positive impact on daily clinical practice.

Discussion:
PNE resulted in a positive clinical impact for health care providers treating patients with persistent pain. The mechanism of this effect may be about healthier attitudes and beliefs regarding persistent pain rather than increased knowledge about pain.
Improved periodontal disease and prevention of tooth loss in osteoporosis patients receiving once-yearly zoledronic acid: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Taguchi Akira , Shiraki Masataka , Tanaka Satoshi , Ohshige Hideyo , Nakamura Toshitaka 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
This randomized, clinical trial investigated whether zoledronic acid combined with oral health maintenance can improve periodontal disease associated with osteoporosis, thus reducing the risk of tooth loss.

Methods:
Participants were those of the ZONE (ZOledroNate treatment in efficacy to osteoporosis) study. None of the participants had symptomatic periodontal disease at baseline. Participants received either zoledronic acid (5 mg; n = 333 [male 21, female 312]) or placebo (n = 332 [male 19, female 313]) once yearly for 2 years, and their age was 74.0 ± 5.3 (65-88) and 74.3 ± 5.4 (65-87) years, respectively. Participants were instructed to maintain good oral hygiene at baseline and every 3 months. Participants with signs or symptoms involving their oral cavity at the monthly visit with their physician were referred to dentists for examination of oral disease. All cases were included to analyze adverse events in this study. Testing for significance was conducted using Fisher exact test (P < 0.05).

Results:
The incidence of oral adverse events was significantly higher in the control group (67 cases, 20.2%) than in the zoledronic acid group (47 cases, 14.1%; P = 0.04). The frequency of symptomatic periodontal disease observed during the study was significantly higher in the control group (40 cases, 12.0%) than in the zoledronic acid group (18 cases, 5.4%; P = 0.002). Loss of teeth was more frequent in the control group (36 cases, 10.8%) than in the zoledronic acid group (24 cases, 7.2%), although the difference was not significant.

Conclusions:
Zoledronic acid effectively prevented symptomatic periodontal disease in patients with osteoporosis who maintained good oral hygiene.

Video Summary:
Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A438.
Early onset of action with a 17β-estradiol, softgel, vaginal insert for treating vulvar and vaginal atrophy and moderate to severe dyspareunia
Authors: Constantine Ginger , Millheiser Leah S. , Kaunitz Andrew M. , Parish Sharon J. , Graham Shelli , Bernick Brian , Mirkin Sebastian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
The softgel 17β-estradiol (E2) vaginal inserts (4 and 10 μg; Imvexxy; TherapeuticsMD, Boca Raton, FL) are FDA approved for treating moderate to severe dyspareunia associated with postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy (VVA). The objective here was to determine responder rates at week 2 and whether week-2 findings predicted week-12 responders in the REJOICE trial.

Methods:
Postmenopausal women received E2 vaginal inserts 4, 10, or 25 μg, or placebo for 12 weeks. Proportion of responders (having ≥2 of the following: vaginal superficial cells >5%, vaginal pH <5.0, or dyspareunia improvement of ≥1 category) were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for positive response at week 12 given a positive response at week 2 were determined in the efficacy evaluable (EE) population.

Results:
The responder rate (in EE population [n = 695]) was 74% to 82% with E2 inserts versus 24% with placebo at week 2, and 72% to 80% versus 33% at week 12. Positive treatment responses were 9- to 14-fold higher with vaginal E2 than with placebo at week 2, and 5- to 8-fold higher at week 12. Response at week 2 predicted response at week 12 in the total population (OR 13.1; 95% CI, 8.8-19.7) and with active treatment only (OR 7.9; 95% CI, 4.7-13.2).

Conclusions:
A high percentage of postmenopausal women with moderate to severe dyspareunia responded with the E2 softgel vaginal insert at week 2, and a positive response at week 2 predicted a positive response at week 12.
Association of bone mineral density with a first-degree family history of diabetes in normoglycemic postmenopausal women
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Hu Xiang , Zhang Hailing , Pan Wei , Yu Weihui , Gu Xuejiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective:
A first-degree family history of diabetes (FHD) contributes to increased risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Bone is an insulin-resistant site and an organ susceptible to microvascular complications. The goal of the present study was to investigate the association of FHD with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
In all, 892 normoglycemic postmenopausal women were divided into subgroups of participants with or without a first-degree FHD. BMD was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Fasting plasma insulin and glucose levels were measured, and insulin resistance was evaluated using the Homeostasis Model Assessment—Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index.

Results:
The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were much higher in the participants with a first-degree FHD than in those without an FHD (all P < 0.05). Lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD were both positively associated with HOMA-IR (P = 0.041 and P = 0.005, respectively). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that a first-degree FHD was an independent factor that was positively associated with lumbar spine BMD (standardized β = 0.111, P = 0.001) and femoral neck BMD (standardized β = 0.078, P = 0.021). A first-degree FHD was associated with increased BMD, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia.

Conclusions:
Our study indicated that normoglycemic postmenopausal women with a first-degree FHD exhibit increased BMD with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. A first-degree FHD was an independent factor associated with elevated BMD in Chinese women after menopause.
The HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders in Zambia (HANDZ) Study: Protocol of a research program in pediatric HIV in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Adams Heather R. , Mwanza-Kabaghe Sylvia , Mbewe Esau G. , Kabundula Pelekelo P. , Potchen Michael J. , Maggirwar Sanjay , Johnson Brent A. , Schifitto Giovanni , Gelbard Harris A. , Birbeck Gretchen L. , Bearden David R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTApproximately 10% of youth in sub-Saharan Africa are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. In Zambia, it is estimated that over 72,000 children have HIV infection, and despite access to combination antiretroviral therapy, many will experience HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits (HAND) encompassing cognitive and psychiatric sequelae such as global intellectual delay, executive dysfunction, and depressed mood. However, little is known about the neurocognitive profile of such children, the long-term outcomes and impacts of HAND, or the predictors and risk factors for HAND-related impairment. We have initiated the first-ever prospective, longitudinal study of neurocognition in children with HIV-infection in Zambia. Our overarching study goals are to validate cognitive and psychiatric testing tools in children with HIV infection in Zambia, and to determine if inflammatory biomarkers and brain imaging can prospectively identify children at high risk of developing HAND. This article outlines the study methods, highlights several challenges encountered in the initiation of the study, and offers solutions to these challenges.
Multivariate analysis of EEG activity indexes contingent and non-contingent attentional capture
Authors: Munneke Jaap , Fahrenfort Johannes , Sutterer David , Theeuwes Jan , Awh Edward 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is well known that salient yet irrelevant singleton can capture attention, even when this is inconsistent with the current goals of the observer (Theeuwes, 1992; 2010). Others however have claimed that capture is critically contingent on the goals of the observer: Capture is strongly modulated (or even eliminated) when the irrelevant singleton does not match the target-defining properties (Folk, Remington, & Johnston, 1992). There has been a long-standing debate on whether attentional capture can be explained by goal-driven and/or stimulus-driven accounts. Here, we shed further light on this phenomenon by using EEG activity (raw EEG and alpha power) to provide a time-resolved index of attentional orienting. Participants searched for a target defined by a pre-specified color. The search display was preceded by a singleton cue that either matched the color of the upcoming target (contingent cues), or that appeared in an irrelevant color (non-contingent cues). Multivariate analysis of raw EEG and alpha power revealed preferential tuning to the location of both contingent and non-contingent cues, with a stronger bias towards contingent than non-contingent cues. The time course of these effects, however, depended on the neural signal. Raw EEG data revealed attentional orienting towards the cue early on in the trial (>156 ms), while alpha power revealed sustained spatial selection in the cued locations at a later moment in the trial (>250 ms). Moreover, while raw EEG showed stronger capture by contingent cues during this early time window, the advantage for contingent cues arose during a later time window in alpha band activity. Thus, our findings suggest that raw EEG activity and alpha-band power tap into distinct neural processes that index movements of covert spatial attention. Both signals provide clear neural evidence that both contingent and non-contingent cues can capture attention, and that this process is robustly shaped by the target-defining properties in the current block of trials.
A Fast and Memory-Efficient Implementation of the Transfer Bootstrap
Authors: Lutteropp Sarah , Kozlov Alexey M. , Stamatakis Alexandros 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecently, Lemoine et al. suggested the Transfer Bootstrap Expectation (TBE) branch support metric as an alternative to classical phylogenetic bootstrap support metric on taxon-rich datasets. However, the original TBE implementation in the booster tool is compute- and memory-intensive. Therefore, we developed a fast and memory-efficient TBE implementation. We improved upon the original algorithm described by Lemoine et al. by introducing multiple algorithmic and technical optimizations. On empirical as well as on random tree sets with varying taxon counts, our implementation is up to 480 times faster than booster. Furthermore, it only requires memory that is linear in the number of taxa, which leads to 10× - 40× memory savings compared to booster. Our implementation has been partially integrated into pll-modules and RAxML-NG and is available under the GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 at https://github.com/ddarriba/pll-modules and https://github.com/amkozlov/raxml-ng. The parallelized version that also computes additional TBE-related statistics is available in pll-modules and RAxML-NG forks at: https://github.com/lutteropp/pll-modules/tree/tbe and https://github.com/lutteropp/raxml-ng/tree/tbe.
Ovule development in Cycads: observation on anatomy and nucellus morphology in Zamia and Cycas
Authors: Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the ovule evolution, the integument is the most attention point in discussion as a morphologic character of the seed plants. There are several theories and hypotheses about the origin of the integument were presented in the history. However, the development and function of the ovule envelopes are not so clear until now. The development of thehe basal gymnosperms Cycas and Zamia were to investigated, especially of the integument to complement the existing knowledge in seed plants. The development of ovules of seed plant is documented with morphological and anatomical using LM and SEM.The nucellar beak found in Zamia is a structure that has not been recorded previously. It protrudes from the micropyle at pollination and may be the primary acceptor for pollen. There are striking similarities to the lagenostom or salpinx in Lyginopteridatae. There may be an evolutionary way to interpret the pollination drop existing in the Lyginopteridatae. Probably the nucellar beak of Cycads, even Ginkgoales have the same function with the lagenostom or salpinx of the Lyginopteridatea. Unfortunately, pollen and transport inside the pollination chambers have not been observed. Further analysis of this unusual structure seems to be very important.
Genome-wide identification and transcriptomic analysis of microRNAs across various amphioxus organs using deep sequencing
Authors: Zhang Qi-Lin , Wang Hong , Zhu Qian-Hua , Wang Xiao-Xue , Li Yi-Min , Chen Jun-Yuan , Morikawa Hideaki , Yang Lin-Feng , Wang Yu-Jun 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAmphioxus is the closest living invertebrate proxy of the vertebrate ancestor. Systematic gene identification and expression profile analysis of amphioxus organs is thus important for clarifying the molecular mechanisms of organ function formation and further understanding the evolutionary origin of organs and genes in vertebrates. The precise regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is crucial for the functional specification and differentiation of organs. In particular, those miRNAs that are expressed specifically in organs (OSMs) play key roles in organ identity, differentiation, and function. In this study, the genome-wide miRNA transcriptome was analyzed in eight organs of adult amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri using deep sequencing. A total of 167 known miRNAs and 23 novel miRNAs (named novel_mir), including 139 conserved miRNAs, were discovered, and 79 of these were identified as OSMs. Additionally, analyses of the expression patterns of eight randomly selected known miRNAs demonstrated the accuracy of the miRNA deep sequencing that was used in this study. Furthermore, potentially OSM-regulated genes were predicted for each organ type. Functional enrichment of these predicted targets, as well as further functional analyses of known OSMs, was conducted. We found that the OSMs were potentially to be involved in organ specific functions, such as epidermis development, gonad development, muscle cell development, proteolysis, lipid metabolism and generation of neurons. Moreover, OSMs with non-organ specific functions were detected, and primarily include those related to innate immunity and response to stimuli. These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of OSMs in various amphioxus organs.
2.7 Å cryo-EM structure of vitrified M. musculus H-chain apoferritin from 200 keV “screening microscope”
Authors: Hamdi Farzad , Tüting Christian , Semchonok Dmitry A. , Kyrilis Fotis L. , Meister Annette , Skalidis Ioannis , Schmidt Lisa , Parthier Christoph , Stubbs Milton T. , Kastritis Panagiotis L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere we present the structure of mouse H-chain apoferritin at 2.7 Å (FSC=0.143) solved by single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) using a 200 kV device. Data were collected using a compact, two-lens illumination system with a constant power objective lens, without the use of energy filters or aberration correctors. Coulomb potential maps reveal clear densities for main chain carbonyl oxygens, residue side chains (including alternative conformations) and bound solvent molecules. We argue that the advantages offered by (a) the high electronic and mechanical stability of the microscope, (b) the high emission stability and low beam energy spread of the high brightness Field Emission Gun (x-FEG), (c) direct electron detection technology and (d) particle-based Contrast Transfer Function (CTF) refinement have contributed to achieving resolution close to the Rayleigh limit. Overall, we show that basic electron optical settings for automated cryo-electron microscopy imaging, widely thought of as a “screening cryo-microscope”, can be used to determine structures approaching atomic resolution.HighlightsThe 2.7 Å structure of mouse apoferritin was solved using a 200 keV screening cryo-microscopeThe apoferritin reconstruction was resolved without an energy filter, aberration correctors, or constant-power condenser lensesComparison to available crystallographic and cryo-EM structures from high-end cryo-microscopes demonstrates consistency in resolved water molecules, metals and side chain orientationsAlthough radiation damage is more prominent at 200 keV compared to 300 keV, this type of instrumentation is more accessible to research laboratories due to its compactness and simplicity
Gametophytes and embryo ontogeny: understanding the reproductive calendar ofCypripedium japonicumThunb. (Cypripedoideae, Orchidaceae)
Authors: Ghimire Balkrishna , Son Sung Won , Kim Jae Hyun , Jeong Mi-Jin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmong the flowering plants, the gametophyte development and reproductive biology of orchids is particularly poorly understood.Cypripedium japonicumis a perennial herb, native to East Asia. Due to its limited distribution, the species is included in the Endangered category of the IUCN Red List. Light microscopy and SEM methods were used to study the development of the gametes and embryo. The complete reproductive cycle was developed based on our observations. Anther development begins under the soil and meiosis of pollen cells begins 3 weeks before anthesis, possibly during early April. The megaspore mother cells develop just after pollination in early May and mature in mid–late June. The pattern of embryo sac formation is bisporic and there are six nuclei. Triple fertilization results in the endosperm nucleus. A globular embryo is formed after multiple cell division and 9 weeks after pollination the entire embryo sac is occupied by embryo. Overall comparisons of the features of gametophyte and embryo development inC. japonicumsuggest that previous reports on the embryology ofCypripediumare not sufficient to characterize the entire genus. Based on the available information a reproductive calendar showing the key reproductive events leading to embryo formation has been prepared.HighlightManual pollination, reproductive biology and seed development process inCypripedium japonicumThunb., a lady’s slipper orchid endemic to East Asia