bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonfinancial Barriers to Prosthetic Use Following Upper-Limb Amputation: A Prospective Observational Study in India
Authors: Saini Uttam Chand , Soni Sushant , Jayant Udit K. , Mehra Aseem , Kiran Tanvi , Mahajan Rahul , Bhayana Himanshu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Upper-limb traumatic amputation is a common and poorly managed situation. Despite the huge burden, no study from the developing countries has evaluated rates of prosthesis acceptance and reasons for rejecting prostheses.

Materials and Methods
This was a longitudinal prospective observational study with a consecutive sampling technique. Participants were assessed after a period of 6 months of isolated upper-limb amputation. Patients were evaluated for reasons of nonfitment of upper-limb prosthesis despite their willingness to be fitted with an appropriate prosthesis. We conducted semistructured interviews to identify the potential hindrances.

Results
A total of 44 patients were recruited, out of which 38 did not get the prosthesis. A total of 57.8% reported a nonfinancial reason for prosthesis nonfitment. Nonfinancial is further classified into medical and nonmedical categories as per verbatim remarks by the patient. Among the nonmedical reasons, the most common reason was apprehension toward the use of the prosthesis, followed by satisfaction without the prosthesis and the weight of the prosthesis. In terms of medical reasons, the most common reason was persistent phantom limb pain, followed by residual limb infection.

Conclusions
Identification of “potentially correctable” hindrances to prosthesis acceptance is an essential step in the rehabilitation of persons with limb loss. All efforts should be made toward these hindrances so that persons with limb difference can be better rehabilitated.

Clinical Relevance
Given that some persons with limb difference need to be fitted with prostheses for optimal rehabilitation and to return as an able contributor to society, the identification of hindrances to prosthesis fitting is imperative to make further inroads toward improving prosthesis acceptance rate.
Comparative Study of Craniofacial Injuries in Skiing Versus Snowboarding: A NEISS Database Study
Authors: Bitner Benjamin F. , Kafle Samipya , Abello Eric H. , Muhonen Ethan G. , Torabi Sina J. , Chen Theodore , Eriksen Niklaus V. , Tjoa Tjoson 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports which are rising in popularity. There is a lack of detailed data in the literature regarding skiing and snowboarding head and neck injuries, especially the rate of concussions with helmet use.

Methods:
The authors queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to characterize patient demographics, injury types, subsite injured, and ED disposition associated with skiing and snowboarding-related head and neck injuries between 2009 and 2020 in the US.

Results:
An estimated 87,994 head and neck-related ski and snowboarding injuries were reported from 2011 to 2020 nationally. Ski-related and snowboard-related injuries comprised 51.9% and 48.1% of injuries, respectively. Ski-related injuries accounted for the majority of admissions (69.2%). Head injuries were the most common (68.3%), followed by injuries to the face (15.3%) and neck (12.2%). Concussions (57.7%) were the most common overall injury type and comprised 49.2% of admissions. Concussions were more common in snowboarding injuries (65.6% versus 50.3%, P<0.001), whereas lacerations (11.1% versus 14.4%), contusion/abrasions (6.7% versus 11.1%), and fractures (2.9% versus 7.0%) were more common in ski-related injuries. Cases with negative helmet status were associated with a greater proportion of concussion injuries (79.8% versus 70.9%, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients presenting with skiing or snowboarding injuries require a thorough head and neck examination. A comprehensive history and physical should be performed with a focus on helmet use and evaluation for concussion, lacerations, and fractures. Helmet use is strongly recommended to prevent the risk of head injury.

Level of Evidence:
IV.
Nasal Fiber-optic Intubation Training for Nurse Anesthesia Students Incorporating Deliberate Practice and Summative Assessment
Authors: Tangpaisarn Thanat , O'Donnell John M. , Goode Joseph S. , Scott Paul Wesley , Phrampus Paul E. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Managing difficult airways and adverse respiratory events is critical for anesthesia providers. Fiber-optic intubation (FOI) is a strategic management approach in difficult airway situations. Clinical exposure to FOI can be limited, posing challenges for skill development. Simulation-based medical education offers a safe alternative for training. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulation-based FOI training program for student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) in an educational context.

Methods
A repeated measure study was conducted during the Pediatric Anesthesia Simulation for Student Nurse Anesthetists course at the Peter M. Winter Institute for Simulation, Education, and Research. One hundred twenty-three SRNAs participated in the FOI simulation program. For the analysis, students were stratified into 2 groups based on their performance in the summative testing of nasal FOI time. Baseline characteristics and the students' performance during the simulation were analyzed.

Results
Among the participants, 58 were categorized as “above median time” (AMT) and 65 as “below median time” (BMT) for FOI testing. No significant differences were observed in baseline characteristics. The AMT group exhibited longer mean times for summative testing FOI (50 vs. 26 seconds), first FOI attempt (97 vs. 78 seconds), and subsequent sets (third: 374 vs. 325 seconds, fourth: 323 vs. 268 seconds). Both groups showed performance improvement across training sets with reduced variability.

Conclusions
The simulation-based FOI training program effectively enhanced SRNA skill, with performance improvement during the training period. This study underscores the importance of simulation in anesthesia education, offering a safe and structured environment for skill development in FOI.
Content Validity for a 3D-Printed Model for Simulation-Based Training of Basic Epistaxis Management
Authors: Jacobsen Sarah Forslund , Svendsen Morten Bo Søndergaard , Melchiors Jacob , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Hands-on training of basic epistaxis management is often minimal during pregraduate medical training. The objective was to develop and gather structured content validity evidence for a 3D-printed model for simulation-based training and assessment of technical skills in basic epistaxis management.

Methods
A simulator for epistaxis management training was built based on publicly available 3D-print files with addition of tubing to mimic anterior bleeding. Ten otorhinolaryngologists evaluated the model after performing nasal cavity inspection and insertion and insufflation of a nasal tamponade device. Content validity evidence was collected following Messick's framework.

Results
Two content experts contributed to define features in the iterative building process. In the structured evaluation of the model, experienced clinicians found the appearance of the outer nose and the resistance when insufflating a nasal tamponade device into the nasal cavity satisfying (mean score of 3.9 and 4.7 out of 5, respectively), whereas the nasal cavity was found to be a bit too spacious compared with typical real-life conditions.

Conclusions
A 3D-printed simulator for simulation-based training of basic epistaxis management was successfully built. Content validity was gathered, and overall, content experts found the model to adequately represent the technical skills challenges for training novices such as medical students and junior doctors.
No one-size-fits-all: Multi-actor perspectives on public participation and digital participatory platforms
Authors: Gonçalves J. E. , Ioannou I. , Verma T. 
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the perspectives of different urban actors regarding public participation in the context of the increasing incorporation of digital technologies and urban platforms. The study is based on three workshops with local governance actors, six semi-structured interviews with academics in the fields of public participation and digital technologies and a citizen survey with 260 respondents. The results provide multi-perspective insights into the challenges of participatory processes and are synthesized into three contributions: (i) guidelines for effective public participation, including factors that encourage or discourage citizen engagement; (ii) guidelines for designing participatory platforms, highlighting specific features that promote digital engagement (i.e. social media, gamification and user-friendly interfaces), and (iii) a typology of digital participation platforms to connect the diverse needs of actor groups with the various possibilities provided by new technologies. The guidelines provide concrete recommendations to support both urban practitioners and interface designers in designing participatory strategies and platforms, respectively. Recognizing that there is no-one-size-fits-all platform, the typology provides a framework for the assessment and further development of digital platforms for public participation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance’.
Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance
Authors: Helbing Dirk , Mahajan Sachit , Carpentras Dino , Menendez Monica , Pournaras Evangelos , Thurner Stefan , Verma Trivik , Arcaute Elsa , Batty Michael , Bettencourt Luis M. A. 
Published: November 2024

The digital revolution, fuelled by advancements in social media, Big Data, the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence, is reshaping our urban landscapes into ‘participatory cities’. These cities leverage digital technologies to foster citizen engagement, collaborative decision-making and community-driven urban development, thus unlocking new potentials while confronting emerging threats. Such technologies are empowering individuals and organizations in ways that were unimaginable just a few years ago. They do, however, introduce new risks and vulnerabilities that must be carefully managed. Hence, socio-technical innovation is urgently needed. In this connection, open-source technologies, participatory approaches and new forms of governance are becoming more popular and relevant. This theme issue looks into the tangible impacts of these technological advancements, with a focus on participatory cities. It aims to explain how digital tools are used in cities to tackle urban challenges, improve governance and promote sustainability. Through a collection of in-depth analyses, case studies and real-world examples, this issue seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of the digital governance frameworks underpinning participatory cities. By offering a platform for multidisciplinary discourse, this theme issue endeavours to contribute to the broader narrative of shaping a more resilient, sustainable and democratic urban future in the digital age.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Co-creating the future: participatory cities and digital governance’.
Implementation and results of active vaccine safety monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Wong Jenny , Donegan Katherine , Harrison Kendal , Jan Tahira , Cave Alison , Tregunno Phil 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionYellow Card Vaccine Monitor (YCVM) was established by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to facilitate active monitoring of adverse reactions following COVID-19 vaccination and further characterise safety in populations under-represented in clinical trials.MethodsRandomly selected individuals were invited to register and actively contacted to seek further information on the vaccines received and adverse events they experienced. Demographics of patients recruited, and summaries of reported data, are presented alongside detailed analyses of the sub-cohort of pregnant and breast-feeding patients and analyses conducted to support regulatory assessment of two safety signals, menstrual disorders, and tinnitus.Results36,604 individuals registered, with 30,281 reporting vaccination. Median [IQR] follow-up was 184 days [14-367]. Demographics of the recruited cohort reflected the vaccinated population and timing of invitations. 15,764 (52.1%) of those reporting vaccination, reported experiencing at least one adverse reaction. However, nearly all were expected acute reactions and only 4,134 (13.7%) reported an event considered medically serious. The data raised no safety concerns in pregnant and breast-feeding patients. Reporting of menstrual disorders appeared stimulated by media interest, as seen in spontaneous reporting systems. Data on the incidence of tinnitus were used to support regulatory action on this signal.DiscussionActive surveillance provided a complimentary data source for monitoring the safety of COVID- 19 vaccines. However, further efforts are needed to recruit ethnic minorities. The technology developed has enhanced regulatory vigilance options and could be valuable in the future for actively monitoring the safety of innovative products used in small populations.
C3aR1 on β cells enhances β cell function and survival
Authors: de Lima Renan Pereira , Li Ang , Gilani Ankit , Lo James C 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPancreatic β cell dysfunction is critical to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We show that the complement receptor C3aR1 on β cells plays an essential role in maintaining β cell homeostasis, especially under the metabolic duress of obesity and T2D. Mice with β cell specific deletion ofC3ar1have worse glucose tolerance, lower insulin levels, and decreased β cell mass. Islets from β cell specificC3ar1knockout (β-C3aR1 KO) mice demonstrate impaired insulin secretion. Disruption ofC3ar1on β cells ablates the insulin secretory response to C3a, establishing a signaling axis between C3a and β cell-derived C3aR1. Markers of β cell identity were decreased while stress markers were increased in β-C3aR1 KO mice. Islets from β-C3aR1 KO also exhibit increased β cell death to lipotoxicity. Finally, we show thatC3AR1is positively correlated with insulin secretion in human islets. These findings indicate that C3aR1 expression on β cells is necessary to maintain optimal β cell function and preserve β cell mass in T2D.
Chronic variable mild stress alters the transcriptome and signaling properties of the anterodorsal bed nuceleus of the stria terminalis in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Degroat Thomas J , Paladino Sarah , Samuels Benjamin A , Roepke Troy A 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChronic stress is a physiological state marked by dysregulation of the hypo-pituitary-adrenal axis and high circulating levels of stress hormones, such as corticosterone in mice or cortisol in humans. This dysregulated state may result in the development of mood disorders but the process by which this occurs is still unknown. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) serves as an integration center for stress signaling and is therefore likely an important area for the development of mood disorders. This project utilized a chronic variable mild stress (CVMS) paradigm to persistently stress mice for 6 weeks followed by RNA-Sequencing of the anterodorsal (ad) BNST and electrophysiology of corticotropin releasing hormone-expressing cells in the adBNST. Our results show significant sex-biases in the transcriptome of the adBNST as well as effects of CVMS on the transcriptome of the adBNST specifically in males. Female biased genes are related to synaptic transmission while male biased genes are related to RNA processing. Stress sensitive genes in males are related to synaptic transmission and synapse formation. Additionally, electrophysiology data showed that CVMS suppressed the M-current in males but not females. However, CVMS increased the strength of excitatory post-synaptic currents in females but not males. This suggests significant differences in how males and females process chronic stress. It also suggests that the BNST is more sensitive to chronic stress in males than in females.
Modeling the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic and the Efficacy of Different Vaccines Across Different Network Structures
Authors: Hartvigsen Gregg , Dimitroff Yannis 
Published: November 2024

1AbstractWe developed a network-based SEIRV model to test different vaccine efficacies on SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in a naive population of 25,000 susceptible adults. Different vaccine efficacies, derived from data, were administered at different rates across a range of different Watts-Strogatz network structures. The model suggests that differences among vaccines were of minor importance compared to vaccination rates and network structure. Additionally, we tested the effect of strain differences in transmissibility (R0values of 2.5 and 5.0) and found that this was the most important factor influencing the number of individuals ultimately infected. However, network structure was most important in affecting the maximum number of individuals that were infectious during the epidemic peak. The interaction of network structure, vaccination effort, and difference in strain transmissibility was highly significant for all epidemic metrics. The model suggests that differences in vaccine efficacy are not as important as vaccination rate in reducing epidemic sizes. Further, the importance of the evolution of viral transmission rates and our ability to develop effective vaccines to combat these strains will be of primary concern for our ability to control future disease epidemics.
Semaglutide as an Adjunctive Therapy to Standard Management for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Real-World Data-Based Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Vaishnav Dhrumil , Azab Mohammed A. , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Elamin Osman , Al Zomia Ahmed Saad , Alotaibi Hammam A. , Alamoud Ahmed , Mohamed Adham A. , Ahmed Omar S. , Elswedy Adam , Atallah Oday , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Altschul David J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, predominantly affecting young women with obesity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of semaglutide as an adjunctive therapy to standard IIH management using real-world data.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort analysis comparing IIH patients receiving semaglutide plus standard therapy versus standard therapy alone. After propensity score matching, we analyzed 635 patients in each cohort. Primary outcomes included papilledema, headache manifestations, visual disturbances, and refractory disease status at 3-months, 6-months, 12-months, and 24-months. Secondary outcomes included BMI changes.ResultSemaglutide demonstrated significant improvements across all outcomes. At three months, the treatment group showed reduced risks of visual disturbances (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.179-0.440, p=0.0001), papilledema (RR 0.366, 95% CI 0.260-0.515, p=0.0001), and headache (RR 0.578, 95% CI 0.502-0.665, p=0.0001). These benefits persisted through 24 months. Refractory disease risk was reduced by 40% at three months (RR 0.6, 95% CI 0.520-0.692, p=0.0001). The semaglutide group showed progressive BMI reduction, with a baseline-adjusted difference of -1.38 kg/m2(95% CI [-1.671, -1.089], p<0.0001) at 24 months.ConclusionsSemaglutide as an adjunctive therapy demonstrates significant and sustained improvements in IIH-related outcomes, including visual disturbances, papilledema, and headache symptoms. These findings suggest semaglutide may be a valuable addition to standard IIH management protocols, particularly for patients with refractory disease.
Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An International Matched-Cohort Study
Authors: Azzam Ahmed Y. , Essibayi Muhammed Amir , Vaishnav Dhrumil , Morsy Mahmoud M. , Elamin Osman , Al Zomia Ahmed Saad , Alotaibi Hammam A. , Alamoud Ahmed , Mohamed Adham A. , Ahmed Omar S. , Elswedy Adam , Abukhadijah Hana J. , Atallah Oday , Dmytriw Adam A. , Altschul David J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been traditionally viewed as a neuro-ophthalmic disorder, yet emerging evidence suggests broader systemic implications. Our study investigates the cardiometabolic outcomes associated with IIH through a comprehensive matched-cohort analysis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic health records from 2009 to 2024. We compared IIH patients with matched controls using propensity score matching based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, and baseline BMI. Cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes were assessed over a ten-year follow-up period, with additional stratified analyses comparing obese and non-obese subgroups.ResultsIIH patients demonstrated significantly increased risks of ischemic stroke/TIA (RR 2.515, 95% CI 2.250-2.812) and non-traumatic hemorrhagic stroke (RR 7.744, 95% CI 6.118-9.801). Notable metabolic findings included elevated risks of insulin resistance (RR 1.470, 95% CI 1.258-1.717) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (RR 1.210, 95% CI 1.171-1.250). These associations persisted in non-obese IIH patients, suggesting pathogenic mechanisms independent of adiposity. Additionally, IIH patients showed increased prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (RR 1.470, 95% CI 1.258-1.717) and metabolic syndrome (RR 1.125, 95% CI 1.045-1.205).ConclusionsOur findings highlight IIH as a complex multisystem disorder with significant cardiometabolic implications beyond its traditional neuro-ophthalmic presentation. The findings suggest the need for comprehensive cardiovascular and metabolic screening in IIH patients, regardless of BMI status, and indicate potential novel therapeutic targets for investigation.
Exploration of novel biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases using proteomic analysis and ligand-binding assays
Authors: Kenzelmann Annalena , Boch Christina , Schmidt Ronny , Richter Mario , Schulz Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide, and their public health burden continues to increase. There is an urgent need to develop reliable and sensitive biomarkers to aid the timely diagnosis, disease progression monitoring, and therapeutic development for neurodegenerative disorders. Proteomic screening strategies, including antibody microarrays, are a powerful tool for biomarker discovery, but their findings should be confirmed using quantitative assays. The current study explored the feasibility of combining an exploratory proteomic strategy and confirmatory ligand-binding assays to screen for and validate biomarker candidates for neurodegenerative disorders. It analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis and healthy controls. The screening antibody microarray identified differentially expressed proteins between patients with neurodegenerative diseases and healthy controls. Quantitative ligand-binding assays confirmed that cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) levels were elevated in CSF of patients with Alzheimer’s disease, whereas osteopontin levels were increased in CSF of patients with Parkinson’s disease. The current study demonstrated the utility of combining an exploratory proteomic approach and quantitative ligandbinding assays to identify biomarker candidates for neurodegenerative disorders. To further validate and expand these findings, large-scale analyses using well characterized samples should be conducted.