bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of groundwater conditions and co‐contaminants on sorption of perfluoroalkyl compounds on granular activated carbon
Authors: Siriwardena Dinusha P. , Crimi Michelle , Holsen Thomas M. , Bellona Christopher , Divine Craig , Dickenson Eric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPer and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging and persistent organic pollutants that have been detected in many environmental media, humans, and wildlife. A common method to effectively remove PFAS from water is adsorption by activated carbon. Preliminary sorption experiments were conducted using five characterized Calgon Corporation coal‐based granular activated carbon (GAC; F100, F200, F816, F300, and F400), one coconut‐based GAC (CBC‐OLC 12 × 30), and one Jacobi Corporation coal‐based GAC (Omni‐G 12 × 40). Sorption of four representative PFAS onto each GAC was measured to select the most favorable carbon sources. F400 and CBC were chosen based on their performance in preliminary PFAS sorption experiments and contrasting properties. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were developed for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS) at an initial concentration of 1 mg/L. Sorption capacities were determined for PFOA and PFOS individually and in the mixture. Individual compounds showed higher sorption than when present in the mixture for both PFOA and PFOS. PFOS showed higher sorption than PFOA both individually and in the mixture and F400 showed higher sorption capacity than CBC. The presence of co‐contaminants (kerosene, trichloroethylene, and ethanol), and variations in groundwater conditions (pH, presence of anions, naturally occurring organic matter, and iron oxides) demonstrated limited impact on the sorption of PFAS onto GAC under the experimental conditions tested.
The success of various endometrioma treatments in infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Alborzi Saeed , Zahiri Sorouri Ziba , Askari Elham , Poordast Tahereh , Chamanara Kefayat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndometriosis is seen in 0.5%‐5% of fertile and 25%‐40% of infertile women. To investigate this conflict between gynecologists that ovarian endometriomas should be removed or not before making any decision about pregnancy among infertile women, the authors decided to carry out a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the effect of various available therapeutic methods and notice the impact of these options on women's pregnancy rate.MethodsThis review is based on PRISMA recommendations with an electronic search using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Google scholar, etc, from 2000 to 2018, in the English language. The studies compare pregnancy rate based on four different treatment types of OMAs between infertile women: (surgery + ART, surgery + spontaneous pregnancy, aspiration ± sclerotherapy + ART, and ART alone).Main findingsAt least eight prospective studies were included, in which 553 infertile women were compared in terms of treatment methods of OMAs before trying to become pregnant.ConclusionTreatments are usually based on the patient's clinical condition and must be individual, with the purpose of relieving pain, improving fertility, or both. The authors do not have not any significant difference between our four groups of study; however, the success of surgical procedure compared to other methods was higher and the success of ART alone was the least.
Building a bridge to behavioral economics: countervailing cognitive biases in lifetime saving decisions
Authors: Bahaddin Babak , Weinberg Stephen , Luna‐Reyes Luis F. , Andersen David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis research project bridges system dynamics and behavioral economics by importing tools and concepts, such as feedback dynamics, into mainstream behavioral economics research. This project focuses on countervailing cognitive biases, a theory where two competing cognitive biases can interact or even cancel out each other. We apply this concept to a key problem in behavioral economics: the difficulty that people have in making optimal trade‐offs between spending and saving for retirement. The simple model introduced in this paper represents the first iteration in the effort, and provides a proof‐of‐concept model that reproduces theoretical optimal behaviors from behavioral economics. Our exploratory analysis then adds to the simulation two cognitive biases that partially cancel each other out in ways that we had not initially expected. In the next step, we modify our original system dynamics model as an example of how to replace an economic optimization calculation with a decision‐making heuristic involving information feedback.© 2019 System Dynamics Society
New fossil woods from lower Cenozoic volcano‐sedimentary rocks of the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, and the implications for the trans‐Antarctic Peninsula Eocene climatic gradient
Authors: Oh Changhwan , Philippe Marc , McLoughlin Stephen , Woo Jusun , Leppe Marcelo , Torres Teresa , Park Tae‐Yoon S. , Choi Han‐Gu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTen embedded fossil logs sampled in situ from the middle Eocene volcano‐sedimentary rocks close to Suffield Point in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica, are assigned to Protopodocarpoxylon araucarioides Schultze‐Motel ex Vogellehner, Phyllocladoxylon antarcticum Gothan, Agathoxylon antarcticum (Poole & Cantrill) Pujana et al., A. pseudoparenchymatosum (Gothan) Pujana et al. and an unidentified angiosperm wood. Differences in the taxonomic representation and growth‐ring characters of the Eocene woods on King George Island and coeval assemblages from Seymour Island, on the western and eastern sides of the Antarctic Peninsula respectively, are interpreted to result from environmental and climatic gradients across the Peninsula Orogen during the early Palaeogene. In particular, a precipitation gradient inferred across the Peninsula at that time might have been induced by a rain‐shadow effect.
Comparison of brain microstructure after prenatal spina bifida repair by either laparotomy‐assisted fetoscopic or open approach
Authors: Sanz Cortes M. , Torres P. , Yepez M. , Guimaraes C. , Zarutskie A. , Shetty A. , Hsiao A. , Pyarali M. , Davila I. , Espinoza J. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Nassr A. , Whitehead W. , Lee W. , Belfort M. A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare prenatal and postnatal brain microstructure between infants that underwent fetoscopic myelomeningocele (MMC) repair and those that had open‐hysterotomy repair.MethodsThis was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 57 fetuses that met the Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) trial criteria and underwent prenatal MMC repair, by a fetoscopic (n = 27) or open‐hysterotomy (n = 30) approach, at 21.4–25.9 weeks' gestation. Fetoscopic repair was performed under CO2 insufflation, according to our protocol. Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before surgery in 30 cases (14 fetoscopic and 16 open), at 6 weeks postsurgery in 48 cases (24 fetoscopic and 24 open) and within the first year after birth in 23 infants (five fetoscopic and 18 open). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from the basal ganglia, frontal, occipital and parietal lobes, mesencephalon and genu as well as splenium of the corpus callosum were calculated. ADC values at each of the three timepoints (presurgery, 6 weeks postsurgery and postnatally) and the percentage change in the ADC values between the timepoints were compared between the fetoscopic‐repair and open‐repair groups. ADC values at 6 weeks after surgery in the two prenatally repaired groups were compared with those in a control group of eight healthy fetuses that underwent MRI at a similar gestational age (GA). Comparison of ADC values was performed using the Student's t‐test for independent samples (or Mann–Whitney U‐test if non‐normally distributed) and multivariate general linear model analysis, adjusting for GA or age at MRI and mean ventricular width.ResultsThere were no differences in GA at surgery or GA/postnatal age at MRI between the groups. No significant differences were observed in ADC values in any of the brain areas assessed between the open‐repair and fetoscopic‐repair groups at 6 weeks after surgery and in the first year after birth. No differences were detected in the ADC values of the studied areas between the control and prenatally repaired groups, except for significantly increased ADC values in the genu of the corpus callosum in the open‐hysterotomy and fetoscopic‐repair groups. Additionally, there were no differences between the two prenatally repaired groups in the percentage change in ADC values at any of the time intervals analyzed.ConclusionsFetoscopic MMC repair has no detectable effect on brain microstructure when compared to babies repaired using an open‐hysterotomy technique. CO2 insufflation of the uterine cavity during fetoscopy does not seem to have any isolated deleterious effects on fetal brain microstructure. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Monitoring infiltration rates with time domain reflectometers
Authors: Ahmed Farzana , Borst Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study determines infiltration rates in six tree boxes located in Louisville, KY, and analyzes the effects of season, age of the tree box, and depth on infiltration. Street and parking lot runoff enter each tree box through a curb cut. Time domain reflectometers (TDRs) were embedded in the tree box media at different depths to continuously monitor volumetric soil moisture content and other parameters. The moisture content recorded by the TDRs was used to calculate steady‐state infiltration rates through the media at the TDR location using the Green–Ampt equation. For each rain event, steady‐state infiltration rate and drainage rate were separately calculated. For four of the six tree boxes, the steady‐state infiltration rate did not vary with depth. However, the drainage rate varied with depth for five of the six tree boxes. Overall, the drainage rate through the entire depth is 1.7 times larger than in the upper layer. During the second year of the study, the steady‐state infiltration rate and drainage rate decreased by 20% and 38%, respectively, from the first year. The steady‐state infiltration rate and drainage rate vary with seasons. Some correlation (r = −0.5) was observed between initial soil moisture content and steady‐state infiltration rate.Practitioner points

Initial infiltration rate and drainage rate decrease by 20% and 30%, respectively, within a year.

The smallest infiltration rates were observed during winter and largest infiltration rates were observed in summer.

Initial and saturated infiltration rates varied among all six tree boxes.
The Application of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging During Robotic Liver Resection: A Case‐Matched Study
Authors: Marino Marco Vito , Di Saverio Salomone , Podda Mauro , Gomez Ruiz Marcos , Gomez Fleitas Manuel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ICG fluorescence properties are progressively gaining momentum in the HPB surgery. However, the exact impact of ICG application on surgical outcomes is yet to be established.MethodsTwenty‐five patients who underwent ICG fluorescence‐guided robotic liver resection were case‐matched in a 1:1 ratio to a cohort who underwent standard robotic liver resection.ResultsIn the ICG group, six additional lesions not diagnosed by preoperative workup and intraoperative ultrasound were identified and resected. Four of the lesions were proved to be malignant. Despite the similar operative time (288 vs. 272 min, p = 0.778), the risk of postoperative bile leakage (0% vs. 12%, p = 0.023), R1 resection (0% vs. 16%, p = 0.019) and readmission (p = 0.023) was reduced in the ICG group compared with the no‐ICG group.ConclusionsThe ICG fluorescence is a real‐time navigation tool which enables surgeons to enhance visualization of anatomical structures and overcome the disadvantages of minimally invasive liver resection. The procedure is not time‐consuming, and its applications can reduce the postoperative complication rate in robotic liver surgery.
Cytokine Response in the Pleural Fluid and Blood in Minimally Invasive and Open Esophagectomy
Authors: Delko T. , Watson D. I. , Beck‐Schimmer B. , Immanuel A. , Hussey D. J. , Zingg U. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransthoracic esophagectomy for cancer triggers a massive inflammatory reaction. The data whether a minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) leads to less pronounced inflammatory response compared to open right‐sided transthoracic esophagectomy (OE) are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of the inflammatory reaction, represented by levels of the pro‐inflammatory interleukins IL‐6 and IL‐8, the anti‐inflammatory IL‐1 RA and the chemokines CINC‐1 and MCP‐1 in the right pleural fluid and the blood from patients undergoing standard OE or MIE.MethodsPleural drainage fluid and blood was collected at five different time points during the first 72 h following surgery, and the concentrations of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1 RA, CINC‐1 and MCP‐1 were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assays in 24 patients undergoing MIE or OE.ResultsThe groups were matched for cancer stage and comorbidities. Pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediator levels in the pleural fluid were markedly increased at the end of surgery and on postoperative days 1–3. The pleural inflammatory response of all cyto‐ and chemokines was lower in the MIE group, reaching significance at some time points. Cyto‐ and chemokine response levels measured in the blood were overall lower compared to those in the pleural fluid. The chemokines CINC‐1 and MCP‐1 reacted less pronounced or not at all. Preoperative pulmonary comorbidity, postoperative pulmonary morbidity and length of surgery were associated with an increased reaction in selected mediators.ConclusionsThe minimally invasive technique attenuates the inflammatory response, especially locally in the thoracic compartment. Length of procedure, preoperative pulmonary comorbidity and postoperative pulmonary complications are mirrored in an increase in individual inflammatory markers in the pleural fluid. The value of the chemokines CINC‐1 and MCP‐1 as markers of inflammation in the setting of esophagectomy is unclear.
Compliance Dynamism: Capturing the Polynormative and Situational Nature of Business Responses to Law
Authors: Wu Yunmei , van Rooij Benjamin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStudying compliance, in terms of the business responses to legal rules, is notoriously difficult. This paper focuses on the difficulty of capturing the behavioral response itself, rather than on difficulties in explaining compliance and isolating particular factors of influence on it. The paper argues that existing approaches to capture such compliance, using surveys and governmental data, run the risk of failing to capture compliance as it occurs in the reality of day-to-day business responses to the law. It does so by means of a unique ethnographic approach to study compliance. Drawing from data of deep participant observation about responses to legal rules in two small businesses, the paper finds that in this context there is Compliance Dynamism. This means that compliance varies for different rules, it varies over time, and businesses learn from one response to the law to the next on a daily basis. Compliance is also situational, and there is an Indirect Observer Effect, where the way compliance is measured, especially when using data derived from inspections, shapes what compliance is observed and what is not. Therefore, compliance should be captured not as a singular state but as a string of reiterative processes that occur in their situational context. And this fundamentally challenges most existing methods to capture compliance and thus our understanding of what compliance occurs and what may shape it. In its conclusion, the paper draws out the implications this has for studies that seek to find simple and usable findings about compliance.
Implicit math‐gender stereotype present in adults but not in 8th grade
Authors: Morrissey Kyle , Hallett Darcy , Bakhtiar Aishah , Fitzpatrick Cheryll 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionTraditional math‐gender stereotypes suggest that boys/men are more likely to enjoy and succeed in mathematics while girls/women are more likely to enjoy and succeed at language arts subjects. The usefulness of implicit measures of math‐gender stereotypes has been a subject of investigation in mainly the adult research literature. This is problematic, as adults have typically already made many important decisions about their academic and professional futures, thus making it unclear as to whether implicit attitudes about mathematics causally influence men and women's participation in STEM. Therefore, it is important to assess if the same kind of implicit and explicit stereotypes are found among adolescents who have yet to make many of these decisions.MethodsA total of 196 eighth‐grade students and 80 adults participated in this study. Participants completed both implicit and explicit self‐report measures of math‐gender stereotype attitudes, in addition to measures of math self‐concept, verbal self‐concept, as well as mathematical performance.Results/conclusions: We found that adolescent boys and girls reported either in‐group favouritism or egalitarian attitudes towards math and language subjects. Adult participants reported more typical math‐gender stereotypes on self‐report measures. Adults also demonstrated a correlation between explicit and implicit measures of math‐gender stereotype, which was not the case for adolescents. Implicit math‐gender stereotype measures were not a reliable predictor of any other math‐related variables among adults or adolescents. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the potential usefulness of implicit measures of math‐gender stereotypes for adolescents.
The prevalence and risk of DSM‐IV axis I disorder in adults with early‐life earthquake stress: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Mei , Wang Lan , Zhao Xiao‐Chuan , Li Na , Wang Ran , Gao Yuan‐Yuan , Yu Lu‐Lu , An Cui‐Xia , Wang Xue‐Yi 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTangshan earthquake which had a magnitude of 7.8 killed approximately 250,000 people in China in 1976. In the present study, we sought to determine the prevalence and risks of mental disorders in adults who experienced earthquake as an infant or in the prenatal period.MethodsThis cross‐sectional cohort study recruited participants based on the urban resident registry of Tangshan, Hebei province, 2013 using a multistage stratified cluster sampling method with selection probabilities proportional to size. We recruited subjects who were born between July 29, 1975 and April 28, 1978 that was one year before and 1.9 years after the occurrence of Tangshan Earthquake, respectively. Current psychiatric diagnoses and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were obtained through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Axis I Disorders Patient Research Version. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze risk factors of mental disorders.ResultsTotally1380 subjects were included with 392 subjects exposed to the earthquake in the fetal period, 399 subjects who experienced the earthquake during their infancy, and 589 subjects who had no exposure to the earthquake. Twenty‐one (2.7%; current 1.9%) subjects exposed to earthquake were diagnosed with major depressive disorderversus 2.3% (current 1.5%) in the non‐exposure group. Five (0.6%; current 0.6%) subjects with exposure to earthquake had bipolar disorder versus 0.9% in the non‐exposure group.Thirteen (1.6%; current 1.6%) subjects with exposure to earthquake had schizophreniaversus 0.2% in the non‐exposure group (P=0.006). Furthermore, 5.2% (current 3.7%) subjects with exposure to earthquake had anxiety disorders versus 5.7% (current 3.9%) in the non‐exposure group. Moreover, 8.1% (current 7.0%)subjects with exposure to earthquake had alcohol use disorders versus 7.1% (current 5.3%) in the non‐exposure group. Furthermore, the prevalence of schizophrenia of the prenatal exposure group (2.3%) was significantly higher than the other two groups (χ2 = 10.273, P = 0.006); however, no statistically significant difference was found in the current and lifetime prevalence of other DSM‐IV axis I disorders among the three groups (P > 0.05). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that prenatal earthquake stress exposure was not a significant risk of any of the lifetime or current DSD‐IV axis I disorders.ConclusionAdults who were exposed to earthquake in the prenatal period had a significantly higher rate of schizophrenia than those who were not exposed or who experienced earthquake in their infancy. No statistically significant difference was found in the current and lifetime prevalence of other DSM‐IV axis I disorders between those exposed and those not exposed to earthquake. Furthermore, prenatal earthquake stress exposure was not a significant risk of any of the lifetime or current DSD‐IV axis I disorders.
DYNAMIC PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION: APPLICATION TO AGE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY FORECASTING
Authors: Shang Han Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn areas of application, including actuarial science and demography, it is increasingly common to consider a time series of curves; an example of this is age-specific mortality rates observed over a period of years. Given that age can be treated as a discrete or continuous variable, a dimension reduction technique, such as principal component analysis (PCA), is often implemented. However, in the presence of moderate-to-strong temporal dependence, static PCA commonly used for analyzing independent and identically distributed data may not be adequate. As an alternative, we consider a dynamic principal component approach to model temporal dependence in a time series of curves. Inspired by Brillinger’s (1974, Time Series: Data Analysis and Theory. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston) theory of dynamic principal components, we introduce a dynamic PCA, which is based on eigen decomposition of estimated long-run covariance. Through a series of empirical applications, we demonstrate the potential improvement of 1-year-ahead point and interval forecast accuracies that the dynamic principal component regression entails when compared with the static counterpart.