bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding urban stormwater denitrification in bioretention internal water storage zones
Authors: Igielski Sara , Kjellerup Birthe V. , Davis Allen P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConventional free‐draining bioretention systems promote nitrate production and continual leaching to receiving waters. In this study, laboratory tests demonstrated the efficacy of an internal water storage zone (IWSZ) to target nitrate removal via denitrification. Experimental results confirmed that the carbon substrate characteristics (Willow Oak woodchip media) and the hydraulic retention time of nitrified stormwater affected nitrate removal performance. A 2.6‐day batch treatment time reduced 3.0 mg‐N/L to <0.01 mg/L, corresponding to a first‐order denitrification rate constant of 0.0011 min−1. Under various flow conditions, the associated hydraulic retention time may be used as a predictive measurement of nitrate removal performance. Scanning electron microscopy and 16S rRNA analysis of the woodchips showed that biofilms were present that could be responsible for anaerobic lignocellulose degradation and denitrification. This knowledge, along with evaluation of the biofilm community composition, reinforced the notion of a heterogeneous structure due to nutrient availability and hydrodynamic conditions.Practitioner points

Denitrification can occur using woodchips in a bioretention internal water storage zone.

The denitrification rate is slow and may be limited during field‐scale applications.

A woodchip pretreatment did not provide long‐term enhancement to the denitrification rate.

Denitrification bacteria were found in the internal water storage zone.
Strategi baru untuk mengurangi defisit badan penyelenggara jaminan sosial (BPJS) kesehatan
Authors: Pasaribu Karl Frizts , Purnamasari Try 
Published: August 2018

Program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional berhasil meningkatkan akses bagi masyarakat Indonesia untuk memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan. Tingginya akses tersebut berbanding lurus dengan biaya kesehatan yang dikeluarkan oleh BPJS Kesehatan sebagai purchaser. Defisit BPJS Kesehatan yang tahun ke tahun selalu naik, diproyeksikan besaran defisit pada tahun 2018 mencapai Rp. 9T. Disisi lain, tunggakan iuran peserta BPJS Kesehatan pun sudah mencapai Rp. 3,4 Triliun. Hal ini tentunya akan mengancam sustainability program JKN ini. Pendapatan negara terbatas sementara pengeluaran untuk JKN tidak terbatas. Maka dari itu perlu sumber baru untuk menopang pendanaan sistem pembiayaan kesehatan yang selama ini bersumber dari APBN dan iuran peserta BPJS Kesehatan. Konser Amal bisa menjadi salah satu sumber pendanaan tambahan bagi BPJS Kesehatan dalam menghadapi defisit dana. Konser Amal bukan hal yang sulit untuk dilakukan. Di Indonesia, Konser Amal tidak hanya dilakukan oleh kalangan musisi, melainkan juga dilakukan lembaga keagamaan, lembaga sosial , akademisi hingga perkumpulan fans klub sepakbola. Hampir semua konser amal yang pernah dilakukan sukses atau berhasil mencapai target yang direncanakan. Setiap konser amal yang dilakukan, semua dana yang terkumpul akan disumbangkan kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan atau sedang dalam kesulitan melalui beberapa yayasan sosial seperti yayasan peduli kanker atau komunitas peduli kemanusiaan. Sama halnya dengan konsep gotong royong yang diterapkan dalam system BPJS kesehatan, penggalangan dana melalui konser amal akan menarik minat mereka yang memiliki dana berlebih dan jiwa solidaritas tinggi untuk berpartisipasi dan memberikan sumbangsih. Solidaritas yang terkandung dalam pengadaan konser amal inilah yang akan mengajak masyarakat untuk ikut serta mempertahankan keberadaan BPJS kesehatan.
Kontak penderita di lingkungan rumah sebagai faktor dalam kejadian luar biasa campak di dua desa di Kecamatan Jiken Blora
Authors: Napitupulu Dahlan , Kolawi Andarias Paskawanto , Pramono Dibyo , Mualim K. 
Published: August 2018

Tujuan: Pada hari Selasa, tanggal 19 Mei 2017, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blora menyampaikan bahwa di Desa Janjang dan Desa Nglebur terdapat 7 orang terdiagnosa sebagai kasus campak klinis . Pada tahun 2016, kejadian campak sebesar 44 kasus, tahun 2015 tidak ada kasus campak, tahun 2014 sebesar 43 kasus. Penyelidikan dilakukan dengan tujuan memastikan adanya kejadian luar biasa (KLB) campak, menentukan faktor risiko terjadinya KLB dan melakukan tindakan pencegahan. Metode: Penyelidikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan pencarian kasus aktif untuk menemukan kasus baru. Penelitian kasus kontrol 1:2 dilakukan untuk menentukan faktor risiko. Kasus adalah seseorang menderita penyakit dengan gejala klinis berupa panas dan rash disertai salah satu gejala batuk, pilek atau mata merah dan diare. Kontrol adalah orang yang tidak memiliki gejala pada kasus dan mempunyai riwayat kontak dengan kasus. Faktor risiko yang diamati adalah Status imunisasi, riwayat sakit campak dan bepergian 2 minggu sebelum KLB campak. Pengumpulan data identitas penderita, riwayat sakit campak dan bepergian dalam 2 minggu sebelum sakit dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Pengumpulan data mengenai status imunisasi menggunakan data sekunder puskesmas atau buku imunisasi. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan chi square dan regresi logistik untuk mendapatkan nilai odds ratio (OR). Hasil: Total terdapat 19 kasus dengan 27,69% umur <9 tahun dan 0,66% dari desa Janjang. KLB campak berlangsung selama 6 minggu (10 April 2017 – 29 Mei 2017) dengan puncak kasus pada minggu ke tiga bulan Mei 2017. Riwayat tidak pernah sakit campak merupakan faktor risiko yang berpengaruh pada KLB ini (OR = 5.56; 95% CI = 2.93 - 71.43) sedangkan status imunisasi dan riwayat bepergian bukan merupakan faktor risiko. Simpulan: Telah terjadi KLB campak di Desa Janjang dan Desa Nglebur Kecamatan Jiken pada 10 April 2017 sampai dengan 29 Mei 2017 dengan index case sdr. Da. Cara penularan melalui kontak dengan penderita di lingkungan rumah. Selektif imunisasi dilakukan untuk memutus rantai penularan.
Policy brief: penelusuran ancaman kasus TB pada petugas kesehatan di Indonesia
Authors: Anggraini Riana Dian , Rahayu Eka Putri , Aminuzzab Arqu 
Published: August 2018

Pendahuluan: Jarak kontak yang cukup dekat petugas kesehatan dengan pasien memudahkan terjadi penularan penyakit TB. Resiko terkena TB pada petugas kesehatan tiga kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan populasi umum dan meningkat menjadi enam kali dengan bertambahnya akses pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, kasus HIV AIDS dan TB MDR. Selama ini, penerapan budaya keselamatan manajemen fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan perilaku petugas kesehatan dalam mempersepsikan infeksi penularan TB menyebabkan keterlambatan diagnosa dan pengobatan TB. Tidak terdapat data laporan jelas tentang prevalensi kasus TB aktif dan laten pada petugas kesehatan menunjukan kecenderungan menyembunyikan tingginya insiden TB pada petugas kesehatan. Jika pemerintah gagal melindungi petugas kesehatan dari penularan penyakit TB, maka bisa dipastikan semakin berkurangnya SDM yang melayani kesehatan dan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kasus TB di Indonesia. Isi: Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) TB di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan telah diterbitkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan pada tahun 2012. Metode pengawasan sistematis yang memastikan dipatuhinya pedoman tersebut belum tersedia. Penelitian yang dilakukan di RSUP Adam Malik, Medan menunjukan bahwa prevalensi TB Laten pada petugas kesehatan sebesar 53%. Faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu usia, lama bekerja dan kontak dengan penderita TB. Tingginya prevalensi TB laten petugas kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh besarnya beban infeksi TB pada masyarakat dan difasilitas kesehatan karena banyak kasus TB yang datang berkunjung dan dirawat.Rekomendasi: Kementerian kesehatan dan Dinkes perlu memperkuat kebijakan dan pengembangan strategi komprehensif berbasis bukti untuk menjamin kesehatan petugas dalam bekerja. Kebijakan tersebut terkait laporan data prevalensi dan insiden kasus TB diantara petugas kesehatan, pengawasan pelaksanaan PPI di faskes, sangsi dalam pelanggaran serta mengatur kompensasi untuk petugas kesehatan yang terkena TB akibat kerja. Manajemen faskes dan petugas kesehatan wajib melaksanakan PPI sesuai standar pedoman, melakukan pemeriksaan skrining TB dan HIV tahunan, melaporkan hasilnya kepada instuti terkait serta mengutamakan keselamatan dalam bekerja.
La progresividad en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Galdámez Zelada Liliana 
Published: August 2018

This paper examines the progressiveness principie of the International Law of Human Rights and its impact in the Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Progressiveness implies the constant and permanent development of International Law of Human Rights, some sort of mínimum and irreversible right that only allows improvements, and never a returning point. This constant activity is translated to the improvement of the protection standards through the study of Law of the international courts of human rights. Its aim is to analyze the content and scope of progressiveness and some criteria elaborated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights starting from this feature.
Does a Self-etching Ceramic Primer Improve Bonding to Lithium Disilicate Ceramics? Bond Strengths and FESEM Analyses
Authors: Lopes GC , Perdigão J , Baptista D , Ballarin A 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYObjective:To compare the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) vs self-etching ceramic primer on resin cement microshear bond strength (μSBS) and ultramorphology of lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic.Methods and Materials:LD (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) blocks (14×4×2 mm3) were polished to 1200 grit and assigned to nine groups (n=5): CON: control, no LD surface treatment; IVO: 5.0% HF (IPS Ceramic Etching Gel, Ivoclar Vivadent); VIT: 5.0% HF (Vita Ceramics Etch, VITA Zahnfabrik); FGM: 5.0% HF (Condac Porcelana, FGM); ULT: 9.0% HF (Porcelain Etch, Ultradent); PRM: 9.6% HF (Premier Porcelain Etch Gel, Premier); BIS: 9.5% HF (Porcelain Etchant, Bisco Inc); DEN: 10.0% HF (Condicionador de Porcelanas, Dentsply Brazil); and MEP: self-etching ceramic primer (Monobond Etch & Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent). For all HF groups and control, an MDP-containing silane solution (MB+, Monobond Plus, Ivoclar Vivadent) was applied on rinsing the HF gel and air drying. Three transparent matrices for each specimen were filled with light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer, Ivoclar Vivadent). After storage in water for 48 hours at 37°C, specimens were tested in shear mode to measure μSBS. Mode of failure was analyzed at 50×. Statistical analysis included one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test (α=0.05). Thirty-six additional LD specimens were assigned to the same experimental groups (n=4) and observed under a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) at magnifications ranging from 10,000× to 100,000×.Results:IVO resulted in statistically higher mean μSBS than all the other groups. MEP resulted in statistically lower μSBS than all HF groups. The failure mode for MEP was predominantly adhesive. The most frequent failure mode for the HF groups was mixed. CON resulted in 100% pretesting failures. For FESEM, no retentive pattern was observed for CON specimens. MEP resulted in the least pronounced etching pattern, few areas around crystals exhibited a slight increase in retention pattern compared to the control group. All HF gels created microporosities on the LD surface with distinct etching patterns. VIT and DEN resulted in an LD ultramorphology that suggested overetching.Conclusions:HF etching followed by a silane solution resulted in higher bond strengths than a self-etching ceramic primer. Some HF gels may cause overetching of the LD intaglio surface.
The layering of a mountain podzol can strongly affect the distribution of infiltrated water in the soil profile
Authors: Jačka Lukáš , Pavlásek Jiří , Kalibová Jana , Bašta Petr , Kovář Martin , Kuráž Václav 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The layering of the soil profile can influence the accumulation of infiltrated water and the way in which subsurface runoff is formed. This paper examines a mountain podzol characterized by clearly developed soil horizons. After these horizons had been identified, distinct soil layers were defined (the eluvial horizon, the spodic horizon (undifferentiated), and weathered bedrock). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), particle size distribution and bulk density were measured in these layers. A visualization of the distribution of infiltrated water in the podzolic profile was performed using a dye tracer experiment. The accumulation of dyed water and a distinct lateral flow were detected in the eluvial layer. Only limited entry of water into the spodic layer was observed. These effects were caused by changes in soil hydraulic properties (SHP) among the investigated layers. For the spodic horizons, the measured Ks value (crucial SHP) was significantly lower than the Ks values for the other tested horizons. The probable reason for the lower Ks was an accumulation of fine particles and various substances in the spodic horizons, and corresponding changes in the porous system. The observed effects of layering indicate that water can be accumulated and subsurface runoff can be formed over the spodic layer during intensive rain or snow melting.
High incidence of shell injuries in an isolated population of the spur-thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca ibera) from Romania
Authors: Moraru Valentina E. , Zamfirescu Ștefan R. , Ciocănău Marius A. , Murariu Dumitru 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Testudo graeca is one of the two species of tortoises from Romania, the other one being Testudo hermanni. It is well known that this species has a broad but fragmented distribution range and this fact labels this species as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. The population of Testudo graeca ibera from the Natura 2000 site “Marine dunes from Agigea” is characterized by a high percentage of injuries (84%) from the total of 43 individuals found alive. A high percentage of individuals have injuries on all the plates from carapace and plastron. All lesions appear to be chronic, suggesting that there is a series of predisposing factors, such as: inadequate terrain (concrete, metal, broken glass and other hard objects), high-density dog population and coprophagia, which could be a sign of unbalanced nutrition. This is the first report of a population of Testudo graeca which has such a high percentage of individuals with shell damage.
Working with “Others”: Developing Sustainability Skills in the First Year Engineering Classroom
Authors: Nesbit Susan , Ellis Naoko , Ostafichuk Pete 
Published: August 2018

Abstract While engineering education excels at training students to solve well-defined and highly structured problems, it struggles to support the development of students’ abilities to address highly complex, ill-structured, and contested engineering problems that lack in definite solutions, where engineers are called on to work with non-engineers in a transdisciplinary environment. The challenge for engineering educators is to develop and teach constructively aligned curricula aimed at developing transdisciplinary skills so that, as practitioners, graduating engineering students contribute to addressing these types of problems within transdisciplinary environments.
Efforts are underway in many institutions to close the gap between the transdisciplinary needs in practice and current engineering curricula. At the University of British Columbia (UBC), a team of faculty members and engineering practitioners have recently developed and are teaching a design-focused engineering course to all first year students. In this paper we, a subset of UBC’s teaching team, present the argument for teaching skills to engineering students that support transdisciplinary. Wesummarize the definitions of these skills found in the literature, and we speculate that the development of one aspect of transdisciplinary is related to personal development. Specifically, we hypothesize that systems thinking is correlated to metacognition. We describe an experimental strategy for testing the hypothesis within a first year engineering program, then we present and discuss preliminary test results.
COMPARITIVE STUDY OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF ENGINEERING STUDENT TEAMS AND TEAM EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Kartha Radhika R. , Fowler Dr Michael W. , Fraser Dr Roydon A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract – Design-and-build competitions are integral to effective higher engineering education. Yet, there is not much research investigating if the organizational structures of engineering student teams and team effectiveness follow any trends.
This paper delves into the possibility of this correlation by measuring parameters that contribute to effective teams. This research provides data that is used to judge best practices for engineering student teams. The findings from this paper can then be used as a basis for action when the students find a need for organization development in the future. Additionally, this analysis provides insight into teamwork in engineering. This could benefit 4th year design (a.k.a capstone) projects as well as innovative companies with similar settings.
The core contributors to a team's effectiveness are leadership, direction, planning, knowledge transfer, and meetings for engineering student teams. Although parameters like communication and team culture are important, student teams generally have no problems in these areas. By comparing three organizational structures, it is concluded that in general engineering student teams are best when they follow a holocratic or flatter organizational structure as opposed to a strictly flat organizational structure.
Innovative Use of Media to Increase Student Engagement for a Large Second-year Core Course: “Engineering Economics”
Authors: Flemming Scott A.C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract – As most practitioners are aware, student engagement in large first- or second-year engineering classes is difficult. In a traditional lecture-style presentation instructors are given the challenging task of explaining difficult technical material to several hundred students in such a way that they are not distracted by their friends, cellphones, or the lecture hall atmosphere. In the literature, various solutions to student engagement are suggested: flipped classrooms, design projects, brainstorming sessions, paraphrasing exercises, and selfrating exercises [1]. The author attempted to implement various of these interventions with little anecdotal success. However, a modification of the “think-pairshare” idea as described by Karl Smith, from a subjective point of view, seemed to capture the class more than the default lecture/powerpoint method. Enumeration of student comments about the intervention and a comparison of means from student self reports of “stimulation of learning” suggests that the intervention was successful. Future work is planned to further refine the lectures in terms of student engagement in the lecture theatre and the tutorial classroom.
TEACHING CREDIBLE VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION METHODS TO A LARGE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING DESIGN CLASS
Authors: Komisar Vicki , Flood Andrew , Walji Noosheen , Foster Jason , Irish Robert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract – This paper describes our experiences in teaching credible validation and verification methods to a class of 250 first-year Engineering Science students at the University of Toronto. While our students have previously developed proof-of-concept prototypes, this was the first year that testing their prototypes against key design requirements – and substantially integrating stakeholder feedback into their projects – were course expectations.
Core strategies to support our students included leveraging the expertise of a multidisciplinary teaching team; training students to collect and interpret data from community stakeholders; demystifying prototyping and testing through small-scale activities; and legitimizing our expectations through real-world examples.
Student design teams generally performed well with respect to validation and verification criteria on their summative project evaluations. Most teams effectively integrated stakeholder feedback with other research into developing and refining their designs, and demonstrated that their prototypes addressed key metrics. Challenges to be addressed in future course iterations are discussed.
HOW DO FIRST YEAR STUDENTS FORM THEIR PROJECT TEAMS?
Authors: Maggs Elizabeth , Hulls Carol , Rennick Chris , Robinson Mary 
Published: August 2018

Abstract - Common wisdom of how students, form their teams for projects is "who they know", not necessarily who would make a good teammate, nor someone they can actually work with. In their first semester on campus, Mechatronics students have multiple opportunities to work with their classmates, any of which could have contributed to how they formed their course project team. The activities range in scope from straightforward assignments to challenging projects, and vary in length from one, to several weeks. This research was conducted as a sequential explanatory, mixed-methods study. First semester team formation data was cross-checked with survey responses, and student self-reporting on satisfaction with their choice of team members. Focus groups were then conducted to investigate external forces on team formation. Conclusions from the initial work show that students are much more strategic with who they work with than initially hypothesized and the motivations behind the choice of teammates are diverse, and complex. Further work needs to be completed to see how widespread these motivations are across Engineering at UWaterloo.
Practices and Beliefs about Educational Data Usage
Authors: Sivanand Ajay , Frank Dr. Brian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract – As programs drive to innovate in educational delivery they are increasingly seeking to apply and connect diverse data sets, including student performance data arising from learning outcomes assessment, student activity data in learning management systems, and survey data. This research study is aimed at developing a model to support visualization of educational data to support a range of data needs from individual reflection to program improvement and change management. A literature review around assessment data usage indicated that there is currently a gap in the assessment cycle between collecting the educational data and putting it to use towards educational data needs. Facilitating ways to close this gap served as the motivation for the study. The first phase of this study, as approved by the instructional research ethics board, was to find out how instructors, faculty administration, and educational developers use data and the role it has in improving the student experience. We conducted semi-structured interviews of twelve faculty and educational staff who collect, analyze, and reflect on educational data. Interviews were created according to McCracken and analyzed using Charmaz’s abductive approach to grounded theory. The emerging data presents a number of emergent themes around the affective aspects of how stakeholders feel about how data is and is not being used. This paper will describe the method to approach to the qualitative data gathering and analysis procedure, and the ideas that emerged from the interviews that we think are of interest to readers.