bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of electron-beam processing mode on the sintering of alumina ceramics
Authors: Klimov A S , Bakeev I Yu , Zenin A A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of electron beam sintering of alumina ceramic in the so-called forevacuum pressure range (5-20 Pa). Ceramic was irradiated by a focused electron beam generated by the forevacuum plasma electron source. Various modes of irradiation are considered without and with scanning of the electron on the ceramic surface. It is shown that using electron beam scanning increases the homogeneity of the sintered material. The modes of irradiation allowing to obtain dense ceramics with a homogeneous density distribution over its volume are given.
Numerical simulation of severe plastic deformation of aluminum specimens under dynamic groove pressing
Authors: Akhmetshin L R , Moskvichev E N , Skripnyak V V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The process of deformation of aluminum samples under dynamic groove pressing for a dynamic loading scheme is studied numerically in a two-dimensional formulation. Areas of intense plastic deformation of the sample are revealed. Localization of plastic deformations is similar for the static loading pattern. The results of damage accumulation in the material are given. The finite element results are in good agreement with the experimentally obtained results in the field of strain rates considered in this study.
Direct integrators of modified multistep method for the solution of third order boundary value problem in ordinary differential equations
Authors: Mohammed U , Semenov M , Ma’ali A I , Abubakar A , Abdullah H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an efficient modified multistep method for direct solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) using multistep collocation approach. The continuous form was evaluated at grid and off-grid points to obtain the multiple finite difference schemes. The basic properties, such as order and error constants, zero stability and convergence analysis of the proposed methods were investigated. Numerical experiment were performed to show the efficiency of the method and the results were compared with the existing methods in the literature.
Local Infiltration of Tranexamic Acid With Local Anesthetic Reduces Intraoperative Facelift Bleeding: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Couto Rafael A , Charafeddine Ali , Sinclair Nicholas R , Nayak Laxmeesh M , Zins James E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Rebound bleeding as a result of loss of epinephrine effect is a common problem encountered during facelift surgery. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an anti-fibrinolytic agent whose safety and efficacy in reducing bleeding are well documented. We have found that local infiltration of TXA combined with a lidocaine with epinephrine solution during facelift surgery has been effective in decreasing rebound bleeding and the time required to gain hemostasis.

Objectives
The authors sought to share their local infiltration protocol of TXA combined with epinephrine solution in facelift.

Methods
Patients who underwent facelift received subcutaneous injection of TXA-lidocaine 0.5% solution following the authors’ protocol. After completing both sides of the facelift and the submental platysmaplasty, the first and second sides were sequentially closed. The time to gain hemostasis on each side prior to closure was prospectively measured.

Results
Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent facelift surgery received local infiltration of TXA-lidocaine solution. In 23 of the 27 patients, the time required for hemostasis was prospectively recorded. The mean age was 62.1 years (±9.3) and all were females. The average time spent achieving hemostasis on the right, left, and both sides of the face was 6.5 (±2.7), 6.3 (±2.1), and 12.9 (±4.2) minutes, respectively. The total surgical time saving is approximately 25 to 60 minutes. Although primary facelift [13.6 (± 4.3)] exhibited a longer time of hemostasis compared with the secondary group [10.2 (± 2.8)], this was not statistically significant (P = 0.09).

Conclusions
Local infiltration of TXA with local anesthetic prior to a facelift appears to decrease bleeding, operative time, and postoperative facelift drainage output.

Level of Evidence: 4
Regulatory annotation of genomic intervals based on tissue-specific expression QTLs
Authors: Xu Tianlei , Jin Peng , Qin Zhaohui S 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivationAnnotating a given genomic locus or a set of genomic loci is an important yet challenging task. This is especially true for the non-coding part of the genome which is enormous yet poorly understood. Since gene set enrichment analyses have demonstrated to be effective approach to annotate a set of genes, the same idea can be extended to explore the enrichment of functional elements or features in a set of genomic intervals to reveal potential functional connections.ResultsIn this study, we describe a novel computational strategy named loci2path that takes advantage of the newly emerged, genome-wide and tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) information to help annotate a set of genomic intervals in terms of transcription regulation. By checking the presence or the absence of millions of eQTLs in a set of input genomic intervals, combined with grouping eQTLs by the pathways or gene sets that their target genes belong to, loci2path build a bridge connecting genomic intervals to functional pathways and pre-defined biological-meaningful gene sets, revealing potential for regulatory connection. Our method enjoys two key advantages over existing methods: first, we no longer rely on proximity to link a locus to a gene which has shown to be unreliable; second, eQTL allows us to provide the regulatory annotation under the context of specific tissue types. To demonstrate its utilities, we apply loci2path on sets of genomic intervals harboring disease-associated variants as query. Using 1 702 612 eQTLs discovered by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project across 44 tissues and 6320 pathways or gene sets cataloged in MSigDB as annotation resource, our method successfully identifies highly relevant biological pathways and revealed disease mechanisms for psoriasis and other immune-related diseases. Tissue specificity analysis of associated eQTLs provide additional evidence of the distinct roles of different tissues played in the disease mechanisms.Availability and implementationloci2path is published as an open source Bioconductor package, and it is available at http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/loci2path.html.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Gaussian process-based definition reveals new and bona fide genetic interactions compared to a multiplicative model in the Gram-negative Escherichia coli
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Hosseinnia Ali , Gagarinova Alla , Phanse Sadhna , Kim Sunyoung , Aly Khaled A , Zilles Sandra , Babu Mohan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Motivation
A digenic genetic interaction (GI) is observed when mutations in two genes within the same organism yield a phenotype that is different from the expected, given each mutation’s individual effects. While multiplicative scoring is widely applied to define GIs, revealing underlying gene functions, it remains unclear if it is the most suitable choice for scoring GIs in Escherichia coli. Here, we assess many different definitions, including the multiplicative model, for mapping functional links between genes and pathways in E.coli.

Results
Using our published E.coli GI datasets, we show computationally that a machine learning Gaussian process (GP)-based definition better identifies functional associations among genes than a multiplicative model, which we have experimentally confirmed on a set of gene pairs. Overall, the GP definition improves the detection of GIs, biological reasoning of epistatic connectivity, as well as the quality of GI maps in E.coli, and, potentially, other microbes.

Availability and implementation
The source code and parameters used to generate the machine learning models in WEKA software were provided in the Supplementary information.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevalence of Hepatitis A Immunity and Decision-tree Analysis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tokyo
Authors: Koibuchi Tomohiko , Koga Michiko , Kikuchi Tadashi , Horikomi Taizo , Kawamura Yoshihiro , Lim Lay Ahyoung , Adachi Eisuke , Tsutsumi Takeya , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) can be sexually transmitted. However, the level of HAV immunity among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Japan is unknown. Determining the epidemiology of HAV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM) and who are living with HIV is essential for an HAV vaccination program. This study examined HAV immunity in patients living with HIV and applied the decision-tree analysis to explore the factors of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-hepatitis A (HA) antibodies in MSM living with HIV.MethodsWe examined the presence of IgG-HA antibodies among patients living with HIV from January to December 2017 in The Hospital of The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo. We recorded each patient’s age, sex, mode of HIV transmission, year of HIV diagnosis, HAV vaccine status, history of HAV infection, and history of other infectious diseases. A decision-tree algorithm was used to reveal the factors and profiles most relevant to the anti-HAV prevalence.ResultsOverall, 378 MSM patients living with HIV were examined for IgG-HA antibodies. After excluding 24 patients who had received a HAV vaccine, the data of 354 MSM were analyzed (median age 45 years, interquartile range 39–51 years). Of the 354 patients, 60 (16.9%) were positive for IgG-HA antibodies. The HA positivity rate increased with patients’ age, and age (&gt; 63.5 years) was extracted as the most important variable by classification of the decision-tree algorithm.ConclusionsOur study, conducted just before the HAV outbreak among MSM in Tokyo, showed that age was the most relevant factor in anti-HAV prevalences. An extensive HAV vaccination program for MSM patients living with HIV is urgently needed, particularly for younger people.
The Clinical Profile of Severe Pediatric Malaria in an Area Targeted for Routine RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccination in Western Kenya
Authors: Akech Samuel , Chepkirui Mercy , Ogero Morris , Agweyu Ambrose , Irimu Grace , English Mike , Snow Robert W 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The malaria prevalence has declined in western Kenya, resulting in the risk of neurological phenotypes in older children. This study investigates the clinical profile of pediatric malaria admissions ahead of the introduction of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine.

Methods
Malaria admissions in children aged 1 month to 15 years were identified from routine, standardized, inpatient clinical surveillance data collected between 2015 and 2018 from 4 hospitals in western Kenya. Malaria phenotypes were defined based on available data.

Results
There were 5766 malaria admissions documented. The median age was 36 months (interquartile range, 18–60): 15% were aged between 1–11 months of age, 33% were aged 1–23 months of age, and 70% were aged 1 month to 5 years. At admission, 2340 (40.6%) children had severe malaria: 421/2208 (19.1%) had impaired consciousness, 665/2240 (29.7%) had an inability to drink or breastfeed, 317/2340 (13.6%) had experienced 2 or more convulsions, 1057/2340 (45.2%) had severe anemia, and 441/2239 (19.7%) had severe respiratory distress. Overall, 211 (3.7%) children admitted with malaria died; 163/211 (77% deaths, case fatality rate 7.0%) and 48/211 (23% deaths, case fatality rate 1.4%) met the criteria for severe malaria and nonsevere malaria at admission, respectively. The median age for fatal cases was 33 months (interquartile range, 12–72) and the case fatality rate was highest in those unconscious (44.4%).

Conclusions
Severe malaria in western Kenya is still predominantly seen among the younger pediatric age group and current interventions targeted for those &lt;5 years are appropriate. However, there are increasing numbers of children older than 5 years admitted with malaria, and ongoing hospital surveillance would identify when interventions should target older children.
miR-378a influences vascularization in skeletal muscles
Authors: Krist Bart , Podkalicka Paulina , Mucha Olga , Mendel Mateusz , Sępioł Aleksandra , Rusiecka Olga Martyna , Józefczuk Ewelina , Bukowska-Strakova Karolina , Grochot-Przęczek Anna , Tomczyk Mateusz , Klóska Damian , Giacca Mauro , Maga Paweł , Niżankowski Rafał , Józkowicz Alicja , Łoboda Agnieszka , Dulak Józef , Florczyk-Soluch Urszula 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
MicroRNA-378a, highly expressed in skeletal muscles, was demonstrated to affect myoblasts differentiation and to promote tumour angiogenesis. We hypothesized that miR-378a could play a pro-angiogenic role in skeletal muscle and may be involved in regeneration after ischaemic injury in mice.

Methods and results
Silencing of miR-378a in murine C2C12 myoblasts did not affect differentiation but impaired their secretory angiogenic potential towards endothelial cells. miR-378a knockout (miR-378a−/−) in mice resulted in a decreased number of CD31-positive blood vessels and arterioles in gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, diminished endothelial sprouting from miR-378a−/− aortic rings was shown. Interestingly, although fibroblast growth factor 1 (Fgf1) expression was decreased in miR-378a−/− muscles, this growth factor did not mediate the angiogenic effects exerted by miR-378a. In vivo, miR-378a knockout did not affect the revascularization of the ischaemic muscles in both normo- and hyperglycaemic mice subjected to femoral artery ligation (FAL). No difference in regenerating muscle fibres was detected between miR-378a−/− and miR-378+/+ mice. miR-378a expression temporarily declined in ischaemic skeletal muscles of miR-378+/+ mice already on Day 3 after FAL. At the same time, in the plasma, the level of miR-378a-3p was enhanced. Similar elevation of miR-378a-3p was reported in the plasma of patients with intermittent claudication in comparison to healthy donors. Local adeno-associated viral vectors-based miR-378a overexpression was enough to improve the revascularization of the ischaemic limb of wild-type mice on Day 7 after FAL, what was not reported after systemic delivery of vectors. In addition, the number of infiltrating CD45+ cells and macrophages (CD45+ CD11b+ F4/80+ Ly6G−) was higher in the ischaemic muscles of miR-378a−/− mice, suggesting an anti-inflammatory action of miR-378a.

Conclusions
Data indicate miR-378a role in the pro-angiogenic effect of myoblasts and vascularization of skeletal muscle. After the ischaemic insult, the anti-angiogenic effect of miR-378a deficiency might be compensated by enhanced inflammation.
Primary care clinicians’ confidence, willingness participation and perceptions of roles in advance care planning discussions with patients: a multi-site survey
Authors: Howard Michelle , Langevin Jessica , Bernard Carrie , Tan Amy , Klein Doug , Slaven Marissa , Barwich Doris , Elston Dawn , Arora Neha , Heyland Daren K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
People who engage in advance care planning (ACP) are more likely to receive health care that is concordant with their goals at the end of life. Little discussion of ACP occurs in primary care.

Objective
The objective of this study was to describe primary care clinicians’ perspectives on having ACP conversations with their patients.

Methods
We conducted a survey of family physicians and non-physician clinicians in primary care in 2014–2015. We compared family physicians and non-physician clinicians on willingness, confidence, participation and acceptability for other clinicians to engage in six aspects of ACP (initiating, exchanging information, decision coaching, finalizing plans, helping communicate plans with family members and other health professionals) on scales from 0 = not at all/extremely unacceptable to 6 = very/all the time/extremely acceptable.

Results
The response rate was 72% (n = 117) among family physicians and 69% (n = 64) among non-physician clinicians. Mean ratings (standard deviation [SD]) of willingness were high (4.5 [1.4] to 5.0 [1.2] for physicians; 3.4 [1.8] to 4.6 [1.6] non-physician clinicians). There was little participation (mean ratings 2.4 [1.7] to 2.7 [1.6] for physicians, 1.0 [1.5] to 1.4 [1.7] for non-physician clinicians). Non-physician clinicians rated confidence statistically significantly lower than physicians for all ACP aspects. Acceptability for non-physician clinician involvement was high in both groups (mean acceptability ratings greater than 4).

Conclusion
Current engagement of primary care clinicians in ACP is low. Given the high willingness and acceptability for non-physician clinician involvement, increasing the capacity of non-physician clinicians could enable uptake of ACP in primary care.
A cross-sectional survey of the pharmacy workforce in general practice in Scotland
Authors: Stewart Derek , Maclure Katie , Newham Rosemary , Gibson-Smith Kathrine , Bruce Rachel , Cunningham Scott , Maclure Andrew , Fry Sarah , Mackerrow James , Bennie Marion 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
In Scotland, there has been significant investment in pharmacy teams in general medical practices over recent years, aligned to current government policy.

Objectives
To characterize the national pharmacy workforce including activities undertaken, perceived competence and confidence, as well as perception of integration of the intervention.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of all pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in general practices. Survey items were demographics, activities undertaken and experiences. The NoMAD tool (Improving the Normalization of Complex Interventions) was included as a measure of perspectives of implementation. Post-piloting, a questionnaire link was sent to all pharmacists (n = 471) and pharmacy technicians (n = 112). A total NoMAD score was obtained by assigning 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) to each item.

Results
Responses were received from 393 (83.4%) pharmacists and 101 (91.8%) pharmacy technicians. Three quarters of pharmacists (74.6%) and pharmacy technicians (73.3%) had been qualified for over 10 years. Two-thirds of pharmacists (68.4%) were independent prescribers, with three quarters (72.3%) currently prescribing. Respondents worked in a median of two practices and were providing a range of activities including medication/polypharmacy reviews, medicines reconciliation, prescribing efficiencies and training. Respondents reported high levels of competence and confidence (median 8, scale 0–10 highest). Median NoMAD total score (scale 20–100 highest, Cronbach’s alpha 0.89) was 80 for pharmacists and 75 for pharmacy technicians, P ≤ 0.001.

Conclusions
The general practice pharmacy workforce in Scotland is experienced, well-qualified and integrated within general practices, delivering a range of activities. These findings have implications for workforce planning and future education and training.
Introduction
Authors: Crawford James 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter discusses the development of the international law. It begins by tracing the development of the law of nations, now known as (public) international law, which grew out of the tradition of the late medieval ius gentium. Over the course of the twentieth century, international law underwent a profound process of expansion. Developments included, inter alia, the creation of international organizations of universal membership with treaty-making powers, a detailed elaboration of the law of the sea, the establishment of permanent bodies for the settlement of international disputes, the prohibition on the use of force by states, and the emergence of various sub-disciplines or specialist areas of work and study.
Spotlight on Transition in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Erős Adrienn , Soós Alexandra , Hegyi Péter , Szakács Zsolt , Erőss Bálint , Párniczky Andrea , Mezősi Emese , Rumbus Zoltán , Sarlós Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTransition of adolescents from pediatric to adult care is of great importance in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our aim was to review and summarize the currently applied interventions and outcomes related to transition practices in IBD.MethodsA systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases up to February 15, 2019. Controlled studies evaluating adolescents and young adults with IBD participating in structured transition interventions or patient educational programs and single-arm (before-after) studies were included. Several individual, health care, and social outcomes were assessed. The PROSPERO registration number is CRD42019118520.ResultsA total of 23 articles were eligible for qualitative synthesis. Eleven studies compared an intervention to a control group, whilst 12 studies were uncontrolled before-after studies. The age of the participants varied from 11 to 25 years. The most common structured transition interventions were joint visits and patient education programs. IBD nurses were operating as nominated transition coordinators in the transition process. Quality of life, patient satisfaction, self-efficacy, disease-specific knowledge, adherence rate, and nonattendance rate at outpatient clinic were identified as main health care transition outcomes besides disease-related outcomes. Despite the various study designs and methodological limitations, outcomes improved with the application of structured transition interventions in eleven of the studies.ConclusionThese results facilitate the design of randomized controlled trials along better standards in transitional care in IBD.
Two Bhaktas, One District: Revisioning Hagiography and Imagery in Telugu South India
Authors: Kamath Harshita Mruthinti 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe hagiography of the bhakti poet is often times far more elaborate than their compositions and can even determine the interpretation of their poetic productions (Pechilis 2011). The hagiography can exceed the spaces of written or orally composed poetry to shape the visual imagery of the bhakti poet-saint. This article examines two such instances of constructed hagiography and visual imagery in Telugu-speaking southern India, namely those of Siddhendra and Kṣetrayya. Situated within a few kilometres of each other in what is now known as the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, Siddhendra and Kṣetrayya are imagined as paradigmatic bhakti poet-saints whose compositions are integral to Telugu arts and performance. The similarity in hagiography and visual imagery across these two figures is a direct byproduct of twentieth-century Telugu proponents who made concerted efforts to position Telugu arts within a pan-Indian modernist framework of bhakti. Telugu scholars and performers invoke bhakti discourses and imagery to frame both Siddhendra and Kṣetrayya as Telugu bhakti poet-saints. In doing so, Telugu proponents imbue their arts with religious weight, while also positing the Brahmin-dominated areas of the Krishna district as the heart of Telugu performance culture.