bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Scott-Sheldon Lori A J , Gathright Emily C , Donahue Marissa L , Balletto Brittany , Feulner Melissa M , DeCosta Julie , Cruess Dean G , Wing Rena R , Carey Michael P , Salmoirago-Blotcher Elena 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) report psychological distress and poor physical functioning and may benefit from mindfulness training.

Purpose
To examine the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on psychological and physiological measures in adults with CVD using meta-analysis.

Methods
Comprehensive searches identified studies that (a) evaluated MBIs in adults with CVD or who had experienced a cardiac event, (b) included a comparison condition, and (c) assessed psychological (e.g., anxiety and depression) or physiological (e.g., systolic or diastolic blood pressure [BP]) outcomes. Independent raters coded methodological (e.g., design and quality) and intervention features (e.g., intervention content) as potential moderators. Weighted mean effect sizes (d+), using full information maximum likelihood estimation, were calculated.

Results
Of the 1,507 records reviewed, 16 studies met inclusion criteria (N = 1,476; M age = 56 years; 40% women). Compared to controls, participants who received an MBI reported greater improvements in psychological outcomes (i.e., anxiety, depression, distress, and perceived stress: d+s = 0.49 to 0.64). MBI recipients also reduced their systolic (d+ = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26, 1.51; k = 7) but not diastolic (d+ = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.47, 0.60; k = 6) BP relative to controls.

Conclusions
MBIs demonstrated favorable effects on psychological and physiological outcomes among adults with CVD. Future research should investigate if such benefits lead to improvements in disease outcomes in studies with longer follow-ups.
Role of auxin homeostasis and response in nitrogen limitation and dark stimulation of adventitious root formation in petunia cuttings
Authors: Yang Huaiyu , Klopotek Yvonne , Hajirezaei Mohammad R , Zerche Siegfried , Franken Philipp , Druege Uwe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Adventitious root (AR) formation in Petunia hybrida is inhibited by low nitrogen fertilization of stock plants but promoted by dark incubation of cuttings before planting. We investigated whether the plant hormone auxin is involved in nitrogen- and dark-mediated AR formation.

Methods
Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and RNA accumulation of genes controlling auxin homeostasis and function were monitored in the stem base in response to high versus low nitrogen supply to stock plants and to temporal dark vs. light exposure of cuttings by use of GC-MS/MS, a petunia-specific microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Auxin source capacity, polar auxin transport in cuttings and auxin concentration in the rooting zone were manipulated to investigate the functional contribution of auxin homeostasis and response to the effects of nitrogen fertilization and dark exposure on rooting.

Key Results
The nitrogen content of cuttings had only a marginal effect on IAA concentration in the stem base. Dark incubation enhanced the accumulation of IAA in the stem base during AR induction independent of nitrogen level. Early IAA accumulation in the dark depended on the upper shoot as an auxin source and was enhanced after apical IAA supply. Dark exposure stimulated RNA accumulation of auxin-related genes. In particular, expression of Ph-PIN1 and of genes controlling auxin signalling, including Ph-IAA14, Ph-ARF8, Ph-ARF10 and Ph-SAUR14, was enhanced, while the latter four were repressed in nitrogen-limited cuttings, particularly in the dark. Dark stimulation of rooting depended on polar auxin transport. Basal auxin application partially substituted the effect of dark exposure on rooting, whereas the auxin response of AR formation was strongly depressed by nitrogen limitation.

Conclusions
Increased auxin delivery from the upper shoot and enhanced auxin signalling in the stem base contribute to dark-stimulated AR formation, while nitrogen limitation inhibits AR formation downstream of the auxin signal.
Outbreeding and inbreeding strategies in herbaceous-shrubby communities in the Venezuelan Gran Sabana Plateau
Authors: Ramírez Nelson , Hokche Omaira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Breeding system, sexual system, temporal variation in sex expression and herkogamy were evaluated in seven herbaceous-shrubby communities from the Gran Sabana Plateau, Venezuela. This analysis was conducted considering the life form, substrate type, succulence, carbon metabolism, nutritional relation, successional stage, pollination system specificity and endemism of plant species. Of the 348 plant species studied, 73.8 % were hermaphrodite, 16.9 % were monoecious and 9.2 % were dioecious. Plant sexual systems such as dichogamy and herkogamy were associated with life form, nutritional relations, carbon metabolism and pollination systems. Most species were adichogamous, followed by protandrous and protogynous. Protandry was high for perennial herbs, annual herbs and trees, and protogyny was most frequent in perennial herbs. Protandrous and protogynous species were frequently anemophilous. Herkogamy was higher than non-herkogamy. Herkogamy was higher for trees, shrubs and liana; higher in monophilous and lower in anemophilous species. Most of the hermaphrodites were herkogamous and adichogamous species. In contrast, monoecy were commonly perennial herb and dichogamous species and frequently associated with anemophily. Dioecious species were trees and shrubs and with polyphilous pollination. Dioecy was the most frequent sexual system for endemic species. Hermaphrodite species were similarly distributed across plant communities. Monoecy was slightly higher for savanna and fallow than the other communities, and dioecy was higher for shrublands and secondary bushland. Most plant species were non-agamospermous, non-spontaneous self-pollinated and xenogamous. Partially self-incompatible dominated, followed by self-incompatible, partially cross-incompatible and the lowest frequency corresponded to cross-incompatible species. All these results are discussed in the context of evolutionary and ecological trends.
Association between pre-ablation bariatric surgery and atrial fibrillation recurrence in morbidly obese patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Donnellan Eoin , Wazni Oussama M , Kanj Mohamed , Baranowski Bryan , Cremer Paul , Harb Serge , McCarthy Cian P , McEvoy John W , Elshazly Mohamed B , Aagaard Philip , Tarakji Khaldoun G , Jaber Wael A , Schauer Philip R , Saliba Walid I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Obesity decreases arrhythmia-free survival after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation by mechanisms that are not fully understood. We investigated the impact of pre-ablation bariatric surgery (BS) on AF recurrence after ablation.

Methods and results
In this retrospective observational cohort study, 239 consecutive morbidly obese patients (body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 or ≥35 kg/m2 with obesity-related complications) were followed for a mean of 22 months prior to ablation. Of these patients, 51 had BS prior to ablation, and our primary outcome was whether BS was associated with a lower rate of AF recurrence during follow-up. Adjustment for confounding was performed with multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and propensity-score based analyses. During a mean follow-up of 36 months after ablation, 10/51 patients (20%) in the BS group had recurrent AF compared with 114/188 (61%) in the non-BS group (P < 0.0001). In the BS group, 6 patients (12%) underwent repeat ablation compared with 77 patients (41%) in the non-BS group, (P < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, the association between BS and lower AF recurrence remained significant. Similarly, after weighting and adjusting for the inverse probability of the propensity score, BS was still associated with a lower hazard of AF recurrence (hazard ratio 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.39; P = 0.002).

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is associated with a lower AF recurrence after ablation. Morbidly obese patients should be considered for BS prior to AF ablation, though prospective multicentre studies should be performed to confirm our novel finding.
Understanding the interactions between wind and trees: an introduction to the IUFRO 8th Wind and Trees Conference (2017)
Authors: Gardiner Barry , Achim Alexis , Nicoll Bruce , Ruel Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the advance in our understanding of the interaction between wind and trees over the last 25 years. It does this by comparing papers in this special issue of Forestry and a companion volume in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, based on work presented at the 8th IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference in 2017, with papers published in book format after the 1st IUFRO Wind and Trees Conference in 1993. The analysis is divided into sections on ‘airflow and tree mechanics’, ‘forest management and ecology’, ‘tree adaptation and acclimation’ and ‘modelling and statistical techniques’. It is clear that in the last 25 years large advances have been made in our understanding of airflow and turbulence within and above forest canopies and the wind flow and wind loading around and on individual trees. There have also been important developments in the mechanistic and statistical modelling of wind damage risk to forests. Much of the progress has been aided by the enormous advances in measurement systems, computer power and modelling techniques. Furthermore, this knowledge is beginning to influence the approach to temperate and boreal forest management and the development of systems to mitigate the risk of wind damage. At the same time there has been a growing awareness of the ecological impact of wind in many forests around the world, including tropical forests. However, other areas of the effect of wind on trees have progressed much less in the last 25 years. This includes the process of fatiguing in the root-soil system, both during individual storms and over longer periods, and which is known to be a critical factor in the process of windthrow. In addition the exact nature of damage propagation within forests during a storm, and then in subsequent storms, has received relatively little attention although new studies using advanced computational methods are making advances. Of particular relevance, and despite the known critical importance of tree acclimation to the wind, there have been very few studies in the last 25 years on wind acclimation in full-size trees. This is an area of enormous importance in understanding how resistance to the wind varies for different species and between areas with different wind climates. In summary, overall much has been learnt since the 1st Wind and Trees conference but there remain many intriguing and exciting challenges ahead for this multi-disciplinary subject.
Isotropic scattering coefficient of the solid earth
Authors: Sato Haruo 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThe isotropic scattering model is a simple mathematical model of the radiative transfer theory (RTT) for the propagation of the wave energy density in random media. There have been many measurements of the isotropic scattering coefficient of the heterogeneous solid earth medium, where the target region varies from the lower and upper mantle, the crust, sediments, volcanoes, mines, rock samples and also the crust and the upper mantle of the moon. Reported isotropic scattering coefficients increase according to some power of frequency with some scatter. We know that the RTT is well approximated by the diffusion equation in the multiple scattering regime, where the equipartition is established. Then, the transport scattering coefficient effectively functions as an isotropic scattering coefficient even if the scattering coefficient derived by the Born approximation for the random velocity fluctuation is anisotropic. Recent review of the power spectral density functions of random velocity fluctuations in the solid earth revealed from various kinds of measurements shows that their spectral envelope is well approximated by the inverse cube of wavenumber for a wide range of wavenumbers (Sato, 2019). The transport scattering coefficient derived from the spectral envelope linearly increases with frequency, which well explains the observed isotropic scattering coefficients for a wide range of frequencies. However, some reported isotropic scattering coefficients show unusual behaviour: the isotropic scattering coefficient increases as depth decreases in the crust and the upper mantle of the earth and the moon, those beneath volcanoes are larger than those in the lithosphere, and that in a sandstone sample with a large porosity is larger than that in a gabbro sample with little porosity. Those differences may suggest possible scattering contribution of pores and cracks widely distributed in addition to the scattering by random velocity fluctuations.
Subducting slab morphology and mantle transition zone upwelling in double-slab subduction models with inward-dipping directions
Authors: Lyu Tianyang , Zhu Zhiyuan , Wu Benjun 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARY
Lithospheric plates on the Earth's surface interact with each other, producing distinctive structures comprising two descending slabs. Double-slab subduction with inward-dipping directions represents an important multiplate system that is not yet well understood. This paper presents 2-D numerical models that investigate the dynamic process of double-slab subduction with inward dipping, focussing on slab geometry and mantle transition zone upwelling flow. This unique double-slab configuration limits trench motion and causes steep downward slab movement, thus forming fold piles in the lower mantle and driving upward mantle flow between the slabs. The model results show the effects of lithospheric plate properties and lower-mantle viscosity on subducting plate kinematics, overriding plate stress and upward mantle flow beneath the overriding plate. Appropriate lower-mantle strength (such as an upper–lower mantle viscosity increase with a factor of 200) allows slabs to penetrate into the lower mantle with periodical buckling. While varying the length and thickness of a long overriding plate (≥2500) does not have a substantial effect on slab geometry, its viscosity has a marked impact on slab evolution and mantle flow pattern. When the overriding plate is strong, slabs exhibit an overturned geometry and hesitate to fold. Mantle transition zone upwelling velocity depends on the speed of descending slabs. The downward velocity of slabs with a large negative buoyancy (caused by thickness or density) is very fast, inducing a significant transition zone upwelling flow. A stiff slab slowly descends into the deep mantle, causing a small upward flow in the transition zone. In addition, the temporal variation of mantle upwelling velocity shows strong correlation with the evolution of slab folding geometry. In the double subduction system with inward-dipping directions, the mantle transition zone upwelling exhibits oscillatory rise with time. During the backward-folding stage, upwelling velocity reaches its local maximum. Our results provide new insights into the deep mantle source of intraplate volcanism in a three-plate interaction system such as the Southeast Asia region.
Structural insights into the mechanisms and specificities of IgG-active endoglycosidases
Authors: Du Jonathan J , Klontz Erik H , Guerin Marcelo E , Trastoy Beatriz , Sundberg Eric J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The conserved N-glycan on Asn297 of immunoglobulin G (IgG) has significant impacts on antibody effector functions, and is a frequent target for antibody engineering. Chemoenzymatic synthesis has emerged as a strategy for producing antibodies with homogenous glycosylation and improved effector functions. Central to this strategy is the use of enzymes with activity on the Asn297 glycan. EndoS and EndoS2, produced by Streptococcus pyogenes, are endoglycosidases with remarkable specificity for Asn297 glycosylation, making them ideal tools for chemoenzymatic synthesis. Although both enzymes are specific for IgG, EndoS2 recognizes a wider range of glycans than EndoS. Recent progress has been made in understanding the structural basis for their activities on antibodies. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanism of glycosidic bond cleavage by these enzymes and how specific point mutations convert them into glycosynthases. We also discuss the structural basis for differences in the glycan repertoire that IgG-active endoglycosidases recognize, which focuses on the structure of the loops within the glycoside hydrolase (GH) domain. Finally, we discuss the important contributions of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) to endoglycosidase activity, and how CBMs work in concert with GH domains to produce optimal activity on IgG.
A review of assessment indicators used by Healthy Municipalities and Communities Program in Latin America and the Caribbean region
Authors: Chaparro Raul , Melendi Santiago , Santero Marilina , Seijo Mariana , Elorriaga Natalia , Belizan Maria , Rubinstein Adolfo , Irazola Vilma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Healthy Municipalities and Communities Strategy (HMCS) was developed by the Pan American Health Organization in 1990. Evaluation and monitoring are fundamental components of health promotion policies. The aim of this study is to explore the indicators used in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries to assess the performance of HMCS. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, BVSDE and Google Advanced Search for documents published between January 2000 and April 2016. We included only documents with assessment indicators of the strategy. All articles were independently assessed for eligibility by pairs of reviewers. We classified the indicators with a supporting framework proposed by O’Neill and Simard (Choosing indicators to evaluate Healthy Cities projects: a political task? Health Promot Int 2006, 21, 145–152.). Local level indicators figured far more prominently among countries and were distributed both in projects and specific activities. Regarding the evolution of the HMCS, indicators were reported in the five levels of analysis (local projects and activities, provincial, national and international networks). Empowerment was represented through the presence of active community organizations and different methods of community participation (forums, open hearing and participation maps). Public policies (such as for tobacco cessation) and bylaws adherence and changes in school’s curricula regarding healthy eating were frequently mentioned. However, this review demonstrated that impact indicators related to lifestyle changes or built environment are not clearly defined and there is a lack of indicators to measure progress in achieving change in long-term outcomes in LAC. We highlight the importance of designing validated indicators for measuring the impact of health promotion policies in partnership with each country involved.
Chronic mTORC1 inhibition rescues behavioral and biochemical deficits resulting from neuronal Depdc5 loss in mice
Authors: Yuskaitis Christopher J , Rossitto Leigh-Ana , Gurnani Sarika , Bainbridge Elizabeth , Poduri Annapurna , Sahin Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
DEPDC5 is now recognized as one of the genes most often implicated in familial/inherited focal epilepsy and brain malformations. Individuals with pathogenic variants in DEPDC5 are at risk for epilepsy, associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities and sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. Depdc5flox/flox-Syn1Cre (Depdc5cc+) neuronal-specific Depdc5 knockout mice exhibit seizures and neuronal mTORC1 hyperactivation. It is not known if Depdc5cc+ mice have a hyperactivity/anxiety phenotype, die early from terminal seizures or whether mTOR inhibitors rescue DEPDC5-related seizures and associated comorbidities. Herein, we report that Depdc5cc+ mice were hyperactive in open-field testing but did not display anxiety-like behaviors on the elevated-plus maze. Unlike many other mTOR-related models, Depdc5cc+ mice had minimal epileptiform activity and rare seizures prior to seizure-induced death, as confirmed by video-EEG monitoring. Treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin starting after 3 weeks of age significantly prolonged the survival of Depdc5cc+ mice and partially rescued the behavioral hyperactivity. Rapamycin decreased the enlarged brain size of Depdc5cc+ mice with corresponding decrease in neuronal soma size. Loss of Depdc5 led to a decrease in the other GATOR1 protein levels (NPRL2 and NPRL3). Rapamycin failed to rescue GATOR1 protein levels but rather rescued downstream mTORC1 hyperactivity as measured by phosphorylation of S6. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence of behavioral alterations in mice with Depdc5 loss and support mTOR inhibition as a rational therapeutic strategy for DEPDC5-related epilepsy in humans.
3D Digitization in Functional Morphology: Where is the Point of Diminishing Returns?
Authors: Santana Sharlene E , Arbour Jessica H , Curtis Abigail A , Stanchak Kathryn E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Modern computational and imaging methods are revolutionizing the fields of comparative morphology, biomechanics, and ecomorphology. In particular, imaging tools such as X-ray micro computed tomography (µCT) and diffusible iodine-based contrast enhanced CT allow observing and measuring small and/or otherwise inaccessible anatomical structures, and creating highly accurate three-dimensional (3D) renditions that can be used in biomechanical modeling and tests of functional or evolutionary hypotheses. But, do the larger datasets generated through 3D digitization always confer greater power to uncover functional or evolutionary patterns, when compared with more traditional methodologies? And, if so, why? Here, we contrast the advantages and challenges of using data generated via (3D) CT methods versus more traditional (2D) approaches in the study of skull macroevolution and feeding functional morphology in bats. First, we test for the effect of dimensionality and landmark number on inferences of adaptive shifts during cranial evolution by contrasting results from 3D versus 2D geometric morphometric datasets of bat crania. We find sharp differences between results generated from the 3D versus some of the 2D datasets (xy, yz, ventral, and frontal), which appear to be primarily driven by the loss of critical dimensions of morphological variation rather than number of landmarks. Second, we examine differences in accuracy and precision among 2D and 3D predictive models of bite force by comparing three skull lever models that differ in the sources of skull and muscle anatomical data. We find that a 3D model that relies on skull µCT scans and muscle data partly derived from diceCT is slightly more accurate than models based on skull photographs or skull µCT and muscle data fully derived from dissections. However, the benefit of using the diceCT-informed model is modest given the effort it currently takes to virtually dissect muscles from CT scans. By contrasting traditional and modern tools, we illustrate when and why 3D datasets may be preferable over 2D data, and vice versa, and how different methodologies can complement each other in comparative analyses of morphological function and evolution.