bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Outside the Original Remit’: Co‐production in UK mental health research, lessons from the field
Authors: Lambert Nicky , Carr Sarah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this discursive paper was to explore the development of co‐production and service user involvement in UK university‐based mental health research and to offer practical recommendations for practitioners co‐producing research with service users and survivors, informed by an overview of the key literature on co‐production in mental health and from a critical reflection on applied research through the medium of a case study. The paper is co‐written by a mental health nurse academic and a service user/survivor researcher academic. The authors argue that the implications of co‐production for mental health research remain underexplored, but that both the practitioner and service user/survivor researcher experience and perspective of co‐production in research can provide practical reflections to inform developing research practice. The theories and values of emancipatory research can provide a framework from which both practitioners and service users can work together on a research project, in a way that requires reflection on process and power dynamics. The authors conclude that whilst co‐produced investigations can offer unique opportunities for advancing emancipatory and applied research in mental health, practitioner researchers need to be more radical in their consideration of power in the research process.
Molecular structure of CaO–FeOx–SiO2 glassy slags and resultant inorganic polymer binders
Authors: Peys Arne , White Claire E. , Olds Daniel , Rahier Hubert , Blanpain Bart , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe molecular structures of CaO–FeOx–SiO2 slags and their inorganic polymer counterparts were determined using neutron and X‐ray scattering with subsequent pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. The slags were synthesized with approximate molar compositions: 0.17CaO–0.83FeO–SiO2 and 0.33CaO–0.67FeO–SiO2 (referred to as low‐Ca and high‐Ca, respectively). The PDF data on the slags reasserted the predominantly glassy nature of this iron‐rich industrial byproduct. The dominant metal‐metal correlation was Fe–Si (3.20‐3.25 Å), with smaller contributions from Fe–Ca (3.45‐3.50 Å) and Fe–Fe (2.95‐3.00 Å). After inorganic polymer synthesis, a rise in the amount of Fe3+ was observed via the shift of the Fe–O bond length to shorter distances. This shortening of the Fe–O distance in the binder is also evidenced by the apparent rise of the Fe–Fe correlation at 2.95‐3.00 Å, although this feature may also suggest a potential aggregation of FeOx clusters. In general, the atomic arrangements of the reaction product was shown to be very similar to the precursor structure and the dominance of the Fe–Si correlation suggests the participation of Fe in the silicate network. The binder was shown to be glassy, as no distinct atom‐atom correlations were observed beyond 8 Å.
Comparison of complications between peripheral arm ports and central chest ports: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Li Wanjiao , Zhang Qiongxiao , Li Shuting , Wang Lizi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare peripheral arm ports versus central chest ports in complication rates.BackgroundLate complications of arm ports versus chest ports, including catheter‐related infection, venous thrombosis and catheter obstruction, remain controversial.DesignA meta‐analysis conducted following the Cochrane handbook.Data SourcesStudies published between 1950–August 2017 were searched through Pubmed, Embase, Web of science and Cochrane library.Review MethodsTwo authors independently searched the eligible studies and extracted the data. Studies reporting complications of arm ports compared with chest ports, published in full texts and abstracts, were included. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. We did subgroup analyses according to cancer type, age, follow‐up and anticoagulant. Relative ratios were calculated with different models.ResultsA total of 15 articles covering 3,524 tumour patients met the eligibility criteria. There was no difference in catheter‐related infection and catheter obstruction between arm ports and chest ports. After reducing the high heterogeneity, no difference was observed in thrombosis overall; however, arm ports had a lower thrombosis rate than chest ports in patients with head and neck cancer, while a higher thrombosis rate was observed in patients <60 years old or follow up ≥1 year. Further studies are needed in venous thrombosis.ConclusionsArm ports are a safe option beside chest ports for adult patients with malignancy, especially in patients with head‐neck cancer or breast cancer. Patients should be well informed of the advantages and disadvantages of different vascular access devices and provided a choice.
Factors affecting Pap smear uptake in a maternity hospital: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yeo Celestine , Fang Huang , Thilagamangai  , Koh Serena Siew Lin , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo understand factors that influence women's decisions to go for Pap smears.BackgroundGlobally, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. In Singapore, cervical cancer is on the rise and has been found to be the eighth highest cause of death among women. Research has shown that regular screening for cervical cancer with Pap smear reduces cervical cancer‐related mortality. However, Pap smear awareness is still limited and its uptake in Singapore is highly opportunistic, requiring the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that influence Pap smear uptake among women in Singapore.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was used.MethodsConvenience sampling was used to recruit 350 participants (postnatal women of at least 21 years old) from a local maternity hospital. Data were collected using validated questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to analyse the data.ResultsDemographic factors, such as age, ethnicity and religion, as well as women's beliefs about the effectiveness of Pap smear in detecting cervical cancer, the desire to discover health problems early and considering Pap smear to be painful, were found to be factors significantly influencing Pap smear uptake. Healthcare professionals need to be mindful of these factors to address women's needs to encourage women to go for Pap smears.ConclusionVarious factors were found to influence Pap smear uptake. Future interventions can take these factors into account for increasing Pap smear awareness.
Comparative study between: Carboxytherapy, platelet‐rich plasma, and tripolar radiofrequency, their efficacy and tolerability in striae distensae
Authors: Ahmed Naglaa A , Mostafa Osama M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundStriae distensae are very common cutaneous disorders that produce great psychological stress for women.Objectivemeasure and compare between efficacy and tolerability of three modalities for treatment of striae distensae.Patients and MethodsForty‐five female patients with striae distensae were randomly selected from the outpatient dermatology clinics of Al‐Zahra university Hospital within 6 months period. Patients divided into three groups according to the therapeutic modalities were used. Group A: treated with carboxytherapy using carbon dioxide (CO2) injection, Group B: where patients were treated with intradermal injection of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), and Group C: where we used tripolar radiofrequency (RF) for treatment.ResultsAll treated groups showed overall clinical improvement as regards the width, texture, and overall improvement after treatment (P > .05), with no statistically significant differences between the three groups. Patient's satisfaction was statistically significantly better in both group C (93.33%) and group A (80%) while group B (53.33%) was less with minimal side effects such as pain and ecchymosis, which were more frequent in group B than the other two groups; but with no statistically significance differences both groups A and C were effective with no significant differences in both types of striae and in any site of the body but group B is significantly more effective on striae rubra on trunk, with better improvement of lesions texture.ConclusionThe three modalities of treatments proved to be effective clinically and histopathologically in treating both types of striae, which were well tolerated by the patients with minimal, transient side effects and our study results gave us guidelines for their clinical application.
EXTENDED ABSTRACT: RE‐OS GEOCHRONOLOGY AND CHEMOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE MAIKOP SERIES SOURCE ROCKS OF EASTERN AZERBAIJAN
Authors: Washburn A. M. , Hudson S. M. , Selby D. , Abdullayev N. , Shiyanova N. 
Published: June 2018

The Oligocene – Miocene Maikop Series is a world‐class source interval and is the most important source rock for the petroleum systems of the South Caspian Basin and surrounding region. The Maikop is a thick (up to 3 km) succession of silty mudstones with intervals of high organic carbon content. However correlation of organic‐rich intervals within the South Caspian Basin and beyond to basins of the Eastern Paratethys is problematic. Current age constraints are based primarily on microfaunal assemblages, but the assemblages are lacking in precision and are sparsely dispersed.This study provides a numerical age datum for Maikopian strata that may be used to improve correlation of organic‐rich intervals both locally and regionally. The age date obtained was produced via Re‐Os isotope geochronology. Of the five sample suites analyzed, one Re‐Os data‐set yielded an isochron of 17.2 ± 3.2 Ma. Re‐Os data sets that failed to produce statistically meaningful isochrons provide qualitative age constraints by comparing calculated initial 187Os/188Os ratios from these samples to187Os/188Os ratios in seawater through time.
Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight
Authors: Ghielmetti Vivien , Wichert Brigitta , Rüegg Simon , Frey Diana , Liesegang Annette 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOverweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected.
Genomics reveals abundant speciation in the coral reef building alga Porolithon onkodes (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Gabrielson Paul W. , Hughey Jeffery R. , Diaz‐Pulido Guillermo 
Published: June 2018

An essential suite of coral reef ecosystem engineers is coralline red algae. Among these, the smooth, encrusting Porolithon onkodes has historically been considered the most important and common reef building species worldwide. We assess P. onkodes biodiversity by performing a genomic analysis of the lectotype specimen collected in 1892 from the Tami Islands, Gulf of Huon, east of New Guinea. Comparisons of DNA sequences from the lectotype specimen to those deposited in GenBank and to newly generated sequences from both field‐collected and historical specimens demonstrate that at least 20 distinct species are passing under P. onkodes. We hypothesize that there were multiple evolutionary drivers including ecophysiology, hydrodynamic regimes, and biotic interactions as well as historical biogeography, which resulted in this high diversity of smooth, encrusting Porolithon species throughout the tropics. Our results emphasize the need to document the biodiversity, ecophysiology, and habitats of these tropical, reef‐building algae in light of climate change and ocean acidification.
Evolution of heat‐shock protein expression underlying adaptive responses to environmental stress
Authors: Chen Bing , Feder Martin E. , Kang Le 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeat‐shock proteins (Hsps) and their cognates are primary mitigators of cell stress. With increasingly severe impacts of climate change and other human modifications of the biosphere, the ability of the heat‐shock system to affect evolutionary fitness in environments outside the laboratory and to evolve in response is topic of growing importance. Since the last major reviews, several advances have occurred. First, demonstrations of the heat‐shock response outside the laboratory now include many additional taxa and environments. Many of these demonstrations are only correlative, however. More importantly, technical advances in “omic” quantification of nucleic acids and proteins, genomewide association analysis, and manipulation of genes and their expression have enabled the field to move beyond correlation. Several consequent advances are already evident: The pathway from heat‐shock gene expression to stress tolerance in nature can be extremely complex, mediated through multiple biological processes and systems, and even multiple species. The underlying genes are more numerous, diverse and variable than previously appreciated, especially with respect to their regulatory variation and epigenetic changes. The impacts and limitations (e.g., due to trade‐offs) of natural selection on these genes have become more obvious and better established. At last, as evolutionary capacitors, Hsps may have distinctive impacts on the evolution of other genes and ecological consequences.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation signatures of infection status in Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata)
Authors: Hu Juntao , Pérez‐Jvostov Felipe , Blondel Léa , Barrett Rowan D. H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEpigenetic modification, especially DNA methylation, can play an important role in mediating gene regulatory response to environmental stressors and may be a key process affecting phenotypic plasticity and adaptation. Parasites are potent stressors with profound physiological and ecological effects on their hosts, yet it remains unclear how parasites influence host methylation patterns. Here, we used a well‐studied host–parasite system, the guppy Poecilia reticulata and its ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus turnbulli to gain mechanistic insight into the dynamics of DNA methylation in host–parasite interactions. To explore this, we quantitatively measured genome‐wide DNA methylation in guppy skin tissue using reduced representation bisulphite sequencing and characterized differential methylation patterns in guppies during distinct phases of infection. We identified 365, 313, and 741 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between infected and control fish in early infection, peak infection and recovery phases, respectively. The magnitude of the methylation difference was moderate in DMRs, with an average of 29% (early infection), 27% (peak infection) and 30% (recovery) differential methylation per DMR. Approximately 50% of DMRs overlapped with CpG islands, and over half of the DMRs overlapped with gene bodies, several of which encode proteins relevant to immune response. These findings provide the first evidence of an epigenetic signature of infection by ectoparasites and demonstrate the changing relationship between epigenetic variation and immune response in distinct phases of infection.
Diagnostic cut‐off of Aspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgG in the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Choudhary Hansraj , Dhooria Sahajal , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Garg Mandeep , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Agarwal Ritesh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAspergillus fumigatus‐specific IgG is pivotal in making the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). However, the cut‐off value for A. fumigatus‐specific IgG remains unknown. We included consecutive treatment‐naïve subjects with chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA, cases). The controls were subjects with treated pulmonary tuberculosis, who had residual radiological abnormality and minimal symptoms. The diagnosis of CCPA was based on consistent clinicoradiological features along with demonstration of Aspergillus infection (growth of Aspergillus in sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid [BALF] culture; serum or BALF galactomannan index >0.5 and >1, respectively). For determining the cut‐off of A. fumigatus‐specific IgG (Phadia), subjects were randomly classified as derivation (two‐thirds) and validation (one‐third) cohort. One hundred and thirty‐seven cases and 50 controls were included. The best cut‐off value for A. fumigatus‐specific IgG (derivation cohort) was 27.3 mgA/L (AUROC, 0.976) at a sensitivity and specificity of 95.6% and 100%, respectively. Using a cut‐off of 27 mgA/L, the sensitivity and specificity in the validation cohort was 91.3% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity of Aspergillus precipitins was only 25.5%. At a cut‐off value of 27 mgA/L, A. fumigatus‐specific IgG is a reliable test with high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of CPA. More studies are required to confirm our findings.
Epidemiology of fungaemia in Sweden: A nationwide retrospective observational survey
Authors: Klingspor Lena , Ullberg Måns , Rydberg Johan , Kondori Nahid , Serrander Lena , Swanberg Jonas , Nilsson Kenneth , Jendle Bengtén Cecilia , Johansson Marcus , Granlund Margareta , Törnqvist Eva , Nyberg Anders , Kindlund Karin , Ygge Minna , Kartout‐Boukdir Dalila , Toepfer Michael , Hålldin Eva , Kahlmeter Gunnar , Özenci Volkan 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectivesTo identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates to identify the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Candida spp. among blood culture isolates in Sweden.MethodsThe study was a retrospective, observational nationwide laboratory‐based surveillance for fungaemia and fungal meningitis and was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016.ResultsIn total, 488 Candida blood culture isolates were obtained from 471 patients (58% males). Compared to our previous study, the incidence of candidaemia has increased from 4.2/100 000 (2005‐2006) to 4.7/100 000 population/year (2015‐2016). The three most common Candida spp. isolated from blood cultures were Candida albicans (54.7%), Candida glabrata (19.7%) and species in the Candida parapsilosis complex (9.4%). Candida resistance to fluconazole was 2% in C. albicans and between 0% and 100%, in non‐albicans species other than C. glabrata and C. krusei. Resistance to voriconazole was rare, except for C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Resistance to anidulafungin was 3.8% while no Candida isolate was resistant to amphotericin B.ConclusionsWe report an overall increase in candidaemia but a minor decrease of C. albicans while C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis remain constant over this 10‐year period.
The requirement for calcification differs between ecologically important coccolithophore species
Authors: Walker Charlotte E. , Taylor Alison R. , Langer Gerald , Durak Grażyna M. , Heath Sarah , Probert Ian , Tyrrell Toby , Brownlee Colin , Wheeler Glen L. 
Published: June 2018

Summary

Coccolithophores are globally distributed unicellular marine algae that are characterized by their covering of calcite coccoliths. Calcification by coccolithophores contributes significantly to global biogeochemical cycles. However, the physiological requirement for calcification remains poorly understood as non‐calcifying strains of some commonly used model species, such as Emiliania huxleyi, grow normally in laboratory culture.

To determine whether the requirement for calcification differs between coccolithophore species, we utilized multiple independent methodologies to disrupt calcification in two important species of coccolithophore: E. huxleyi and Coccolithus braarudii. We investigated their physiological response and used time‐lapse imaging to visualize the processes of calcification and cell division in individual cells.

Disruption of calcification resulted in major growth defects in C. braarudii, but not in E. huxleyi. We found no evidence that calcification supports photosynthesis in C. braarudii, but showed that an inability to maintain an intact coccosphere results in cell cycle arrest.

We found that C. braarudii is very different from E. huxleyi as it exhibits an obligate requirement for calcification. The identification of a growth defect in C. braarudii resulting from disruption of the coccosphere may be important in considering their response to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry.
Perioperative outcomes and management in midface advancement surgery: a multicenter observational descriptive study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group
Authors: Glover Chris D. , Fernandez Allison M. , Huang Henry , Derderian Christopher , Binstock Wendy , Reid Russell , Dalesio Nicholas M. , Zhong John , Stricker Paul A. ,   The Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackground/AimsThe evolution of Le Fort III and Monobloc procedures with utilization of distraction devices has resulted in shortened surgical times, greater facial advancements, and decreased transfusion requirements. The aim of this observational study was to utilize data from the multicenter Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Perioperative Registry to present and compare patient characteristics and outcomes in children undergoing midface advancement with distraction osteogenesis.MethodsWe queried the Pediatric Craniofacial Surgery Perioperative Registry for children undergoing midface advancement involving distractor application from June 2012 to September 2016. Data extracted included demographics, perioperative management, complications, fluid and transfusion volumes, and length of stay. The extracted patient characteristics and perioperative variables were summarized and compared.ResultsThe query yielded 72 cases from 11 institutions: 49 children undergoing Le Fort III and 23 undergoing Monobloc procedures. Monobloc patients were younger, weighed less, and more likely to have tracheostomies along with elevated intracranial pressure. Greater transfusion was observed in the Monobloc group for nearly all of the transfusion outcomes evaluated. Median ICU and hospital length of stay were 2 and 3 days longer, respectively, in the Monobloc group. Perioperative complications were not uncommon, occurring in 18% of patients in the Le Fort III group and 30% in the Monobloc group.ConclusionMonobloc procedures were associated with greater transfusion and longer ICU and hospital length of stay. Perioperative complications were more prevalent in the Monobloc group.