bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Evaluation of a New Lignan from the Roots of Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Lee Tae Kyoung , Lee Dahae , Yu Jae Sik , Jo Mun Seok , Baek Su Cheol , Shin Myoung‐Sook , Ko Yoon‐Joo , Kang Ki Sung , Kim Ki Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLC/MS‐based phytochemical analysis of an EtOH extract of the roots of rice (Oryza sativa; Gramineae), which takes a crucial role in the stable crop population in Asia, resulted in the isolation of a new lignan, oryzativol C (1), as a minor component. The chemical structure of compound 1 was unambiguously confirmed using spectroscopic evidence (including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data), HR‐ESI‐MS, and CD data analysis. Considering the traditional medicinal efficacy of O. sativa and its importance as a food crop, compound 1 was evaluated for effects on breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231) and on glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in an INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cell line. Compound 1 showed mild cytotoxicity toward the MDA‐MB‐231. Furthermore, compound 1 stimulated insulin secretion in INS‐1 pancreatic β‐cells without inducing cytotoxicity. These results indicate that compound 1 is an active ingredient of O. sativa that offers health benefits including inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and hyperglycemia control.
Ultra‐acceleration of Photochemical Cytosine Deamination by Using a 5′‐Phosphate‐Substituted Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Probe Containing a 3‐Cyanovinylcarbazole Nucleotide at Its 5′‐End
Authors: Sethi Siddhant , Honda Nozomi , Wan Licheng , Nakamura Shigetaka , Fujimoto Kenzo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGenes are the blueprints for the architectures of living organisms, providing the backbone of the information required for formation of proteins. Changes in genes lead to disorders, and these disorders could be rectified by reversing the mutations that caused them. Photochemical methods currently in use for site‐directed mutagenesis employ the photoactive 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole (CNVK) nucleotide incorporated in the oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) backbone. The major drawback of this method, the requirement for high temperature, has been addressed, and deamination has previously been achieved at 37 °C but with low efficiency. Here, efficient deamination has been accomplished under physiological conditions by using a short complementary photoactive ODN with a 5′‐phosphate group in the −1 position with respect to the target cytosine. It is hypothesized that the free phosphate group affects the microenvironment around the target cytosine by activating the incoming nucleophile through hydrogen bonding with the water molecule, thus facilitating nucleophilic attack on the cytosine C‐4 carbon. The degree of deamination observed in this technique is high and the effect of the phosphate group is to accelerate the deamination reaction.
Mechanistic Probes for the Epimerization Domain of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases
Authors: Kim Woojoo E. , Patel Ashay , Hur Gene H. , Tufar Peter , Wuo Michael G. , McCammon J. Andrew , Burkart Michael D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are responsible for the synthesis of a variety of bioactive natural products with clinical and economic significance. Interestingly, these large multimodular enzyme machineries incorporate nonproteinogenic d‐amino acids through the use of auxiliary epimerization domains, converting l‐amino acids into d‐amino acids that impart into the resulting natural products unique bioactivity and resistance to proteases. Due to the large and complex nature of NRPSs, several questions remain unanswered about the mechanism of the catalytic domain reactions. We have investigated the use of mechanism‐based crosslinkers to probe the mechanism of an epimerization domain in gramicidin S biosynthesis. In addition, MD simulations were performed, showcasing the possible roles of catalytic residues within the epimerization domain.
Variability in radiation dose and image quality: A comparison across fluoroscopy‐system vendors, generations of equipment and institutions
Authors: Hill Kevin D. , Mann Steve D. , Carboni Michael P. , Doyle Thomas P. , Idriss Salim F. , Janssen Dana F. , Nicholson George T. , Sathanandam Shyam , Fleming Greg A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate differences in radiation dose and image quality across institutions, fluoroscope vendors and generations of fluoroscopes for pediatric cardiac catheterization.BackgroundIncreased recognition of the potentially harmful effects of ionizing radiation has spurred technological advances in fluoroscopes, as well as increased focus on optimizing fluoroscope performance. There is currently little understanding of variability in the dose–image quality relationship across institutions, fluoroscope vendor and/or generation of equipment.MethodsWe evaluated latest generation fluoroscopes from Phillips, Siemens, GE, and Toshiba, and an older generation Phillips fluoroscope (release date 2003) at three different institutions. Radiation dose was measured using an anthropomorphic dose‐assessment phantom with effective dose in mSv estimated from Monte Carlo simulations. Image quality phantom images were scored on a 12‐point scale by three blinded reviewers.ResultsFluoroscope effective doses ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 mSv/1,000 pulses for fluoroscopy with associated composite image quality scores ranging from 8.0 ± 0.6 to 10.4 ± 1.3. For cineangiography, effective doses ranged from 0.17 to 0.57 mSv/1,000 frames with image quality scores ranging from 10.1 ± 0.3 to 11.1 ± 0.3. There was modest correlation between effective dose and image quality (r = 0.67, P = 0.006). The older generation fluoroscope delivered consistently higher doses than the newer generation systems (2.3‐ to 3.5‐fold higher for fluoroscopy; 1.1‐ to 3.4‐fold higher for cineangiography) without appreciable differences in image quality.ConclusionTechnological advances have markedly improved fluoroscope performance. Comparing latest generation systems across vendors and institutions, we found variability in the dose–IQ relationship and speculate that this reflects both equipment and institutional optimization practices.
Trispyrazolylborate Ligands Supported on Vinyl Addition Polynorbornenes and Their Copper Derivatives as Recyclable Catalysts
Authors: Molina de la Torre Jesús A. , Pérez‐Ortega Ignacio , Beltrán Álvaro , Rodríguez Manuel R. , Díaz‐Requejo M. Mar , Pérez Pedro J. , Albéniz Ana C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolynorbornenes prepared by vinyl addition polymerization and bearing pendant alkenyl groups serve as skeletons to support trispyrazolylborate ligands (Tpx) built at those alkenyl sites. Reaction with CuI in acetonitrile led to VA‐PNB–TpxCu(NCMe) (VA‐PBN=vinyl addition polynorbornene) with a 0.8–1.4 mmol incorporation of Cu per gram of polymer. The presence of tetracoordinated copper(I) ions was been assessed by FTIR studies on the corresponding VA‐PNB‐TpxCu(CO) adducts, in agreement with those on discrete TpxCu(CO). The new materials were employed as heterogeneous catalysts in several carbene‐ and nitrene‐transfer reactions, showing a behavior similar to that of the homogeneous counterparts but also being recycled several times maintaining a high degree of activity and selectivity. This is the first example of supported Tpx ligands onto polymeric supports with catalytic applications.
Improve neural network‐based color matching of inkjet textile printing by classification with competitive neural network
Authors: Hajipour Abbas , Shams‐Nateri Ali 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNowadays, with increasing use of digital printing in the textile industry, characterization and color matching are very much considered. There is a very complicated relationship between pixel values of input digital image and colorimetric parameters of printed textile samples. One of the most important used methods for inverse characterization of printer and prediction of CMYK digital values is neural network. In this study, the prediction accuracy of CMYK digital values were improved by dividing the training samples into 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 subgroups using creating a competitive neural network. For classification of samples, L*a*b* or XYZ were introduced to a competitive neural network as input parameters. Then, the classification of test samples was performed by trained competitive neural network. To predict the of CMYK digital values of input digital image, a cascade‐forward back propagation neural network is trained by L*a*b* of each subgroup. The results obtained show that the prediction accuracy of CMYK digital values were improved by suggested method. The best result was obtained by classification of samples with L*a*b* into eight subgroups and using a cascade‐forward back propagation neural network with 4, 4, and 4 neurons in hidden layers.
A color graphic informing on the impact of electric lighting and coated glazing in complex architectural scenes
Authors: Cauwerts Coralie , Jost Sophie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe present work proposes a graphical indicator that provides descriptive information about the color content of architectural environments, and shows color shifts due to illuminant or glazing changes. This color graphic is in accord with representations recently developed in electric lighting to provide information on color rendering. Its originality lies in (1) including contextualization, (2) dividing the color space based on color naming, and (3) giving the user the opportunity to compare scenes with different correlated color temperatures. After describing the development steps of the color graphic, two case studies and three validation experiments are presented. While the application of the graphic highlights its interest in a building design process, the validation experiments identified potential improvements.
Relating Munsell to other systems in an elastic colour solid
Authors: Green‐Armytage Paul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor a student of architecture in 1958, the Munsell system was a revelation. Munsell's hue, value, and chroma were perfectly clear, but then they were challenged by the Ostwald system with its white content and black content. The revelation was followed by confusion. It became evident that there is no such thing as a single “correct” colour solid or, indeed, a single “correct” colour circle. Colour circles can be structured with equally spaced “primaries” or organized so that “complementary” colours are opposite to each other, but different systems have different sets of primaries, and the different ways of establishing complementary relationships yield different pairings. These different relationships can be reconciled if the circle is treated as elastic with intervals between colours stretched or compressed to show the relationships relevant for a given situation. In the third dimension of a colour solid, the principle of elasticity can also be applied to show relationships of value, of whiteness and blackness, and other dimensions as they are variously defined. The structure of Munsell can be “morphed” into that of Ostwald and other systems where colours are ordered according to different principles. If the colour solid is regarded as elastic, it is easier to understand the information embodied in the structures of different colour order systems and also to see how they relate.
Chemistry of Anthracene−Acetylene Oligomers XXVII. Iterative Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Anthracene−Diacetylene Cyclic Oligomers with 10‐Mesitylanthracene‐1,8‐diyl Units
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Yoshikawa Manami , Saibara Toyoaki , Yokoyama Yuya , Komori Takashi , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of cyclic oligomers consisting of 10‐mesitylanthracene‐1,8‐diyl units and diacetylene linkers were synthesized as soluble π‐conjugated compounds. Macrocyclic frameworks from dimer to octamer except heptamer were constructed from 1,8‐diethynylanthracene derivatives by iterative coupling reactions. The rigid structure of the dimer, the strained structures of the trimer and the pentamer, and the belt‐shaped structures of the other even‐numbered oligomers were revealed by X‐ray analysis and DFT calculations. The dynamic behavior of the cyclic oligomers was analyzed by observing variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectra. The UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra of these emissive cyclic compounds are discussed on the basis of the molecular structures.
The use of cytopathology to identify disturbances in oral squamous cell carcinoma at early stage: A case report
Authors: Daroit Natália Batista , Salgueiro Arthur Pias , Maito Fábio Luiz Dal Moro , Visioli Fernanda , Rados Pantelis Varvaki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEarly detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a challenge for oral surgeons, as clinical features are not always classical. Cytopathological assays can help identify alterations at the cellular level. This article reports a case of OSCC in a young male adult without exposure to classical risk factors. The histopathological examination showed a micro invasive carcinoma invading the connective tissue. Cytopathological results showed a higher percentage of cells in deeper epithelial layers; the cytomorphometric examination revealed a nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of 0.14; the mean number of Nucleolar Organiser Regions which have a high affinity for silver (AgNOR) per nucleus was 2.86, and the mean percentage of nuclei with >2 AgNOR was 58%. The micronucleus test found 3 micronucleated cells and several metanuclear aberrations. These findings support the hypothesis that cytological examination is an important tool to identify early changes in oral smears and thus help in the early clinical detection of suspicious malignant oral lesions that should be more rigorously followed.
Rigor and reproducibility in genetic research on eating disorders
Authors: Hübel Christopher , Leppä Virpi , Breen Gerome , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe explored both within‐method and between‐method rigor and reproducibility in the field of eating disorders genetics.MethodWe present critical evaluation and commentary on component methods of genetic research (family studies, twin studies, molecular genetic studies) and discuss both successful and unsuccessful efforts in the field.ResultsEating disorders genetics has had a number of robust results that converge across component methodologies. Familial aggregation of eating disorders, twin‐based heritability estimates of eating disorders, and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) all point toward a substantial role for genetics in eating disorders etiology and support the premise that genes do not act alone. Candidate gene and linkage studies have been less informative historically.DiscussionThe eating disorders field has entered the GWAS era with studies of anorexia nervosa. Continued growth of sample sizes is essential for rigorous discovery of actionable variation. Molecular genetic studies of bulimia nervosa, binge‐eating disorder, and other eating disorders are virtually nonexistent and lag seriously behind other major psychiatric disorders. Expanded efforts are necessary to reveal the fundamental biology of eating disorders, inform clinical practice, and deliver new therapeutic targets.
Eco‐evolutionary responses to recreational fishing under different harvest regulations
Authors: Ayllón Daniel , Railsback Steven F. , Almodóvar Ana , Nicola Graciela G. , Vincenzi Simone , Elvira Benigno , Grimm Volker 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHarvesting alters demography and life histories of exploited populations, and there is mounting evidence that rapid phenotypic changes at the individual level can occur when harvest is intensive. Therefore, recreational fishing is expected to induce both ecological and rapid evolutionary changes in fish populations and consequently requires rigorous management. However, little is known about the coupled demographic and evolutionary consequences of alternative harvest regulations in managed freshwater fisheries. We used a structurally realistic individual‐based model and implemented an eco‐genetic approach that accounts for microevolution, phenotypic plasticity, adaptive behavior, density‐dependent processes, and cryptic mortality sources (illegal harvest and hooking mortality after catch and release). We explored the consequences of a range of harvest regulations, involving different combinations of exploitation intensity and minimum and maximum‐length limits, on the eco‐evolutionary trajectories of a freshwater fish stock. Our 100‐year simulations of size‐selective harvest through recreational fishing produced negative demographic and structural changes in the simulated population, but also plastic and evolutionary responses that compensated for such changes and prevented population collapse even under intense fishing pressure and liberal harvest regulations. Fishing‐induced demographic and evolutionary changes were driven by the harvest regime, and the strength of responses increased with increasing exploitation intensity and decreasing restriction in length limits. Cryptic mortality strongly amplified the impacts of harvest and might be exerting a selective pressure that opposes that of size‐selective harvest. “Slot” limits on harvestable length had overall positive effects but lower than expected ability to buffer harvest impacts. Harvest regulations strongly shape the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of exploited fish stocks and thus should be considered in setting management policies. Our findings suggest that plastic and evolutionary responses buffer the demographic impacts of fishing, but intense fishing pressure and liberal harvest regulations may lead to an unstructured, juvenescent population that would put the sustainability of the stock at risk. Our study also indicates that high rates of cryptic mortality may make harvest regulations based on harvest slot limits ineffective.
Spatial niche partitioning may promote coexistence of Pygoscelis penguins as climate‐induced sympatry occurs
Authors: Pickett Erin P. , Fraser William R. , Patterson‐Fraser Donna L. , Cimino Megan A. , Torres Leigh G. , Friedlaender Ari S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractClimate‐induced range overlap can result in novel interactions between similar species and potentially lead to competitive exclusion. The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth and is experiencing a poleward climate migration from a polar to subpolar environment. This has resulted in a range expansion of the ice‐intolerant gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and a coincident decrease in ice‐obligate Adélie penguins (P. adeliae) near Palmer Station, Anvers Island, WAP. Ecologically similar species that share a limited prey resource must occupy disparate foraging niches in order to co‐exist. Therefore, we determined the extent of foraging and dietary niche segregation between Adélie and gentoo penguins during the austral breeding season near Palmer Station. This research was conducted across six breeding seasons, from 2009 to 2014, which allowed us to investigate niche overlap in the context of interannual resource variability. Using biotelemetry and diet sampling, we found substantial overlap in the diets of Adélie and gentoo penguins, who primarily consumed Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba); however, our results showed that Adélie and gentoo penguins partitioned this shared prey resource through horizontal segregation of their core foraging areas. We did not find evidence that Antarctic krill were a limiting resource during the breeding season or that climate‐induced sympatry of Adélie and gentoo penguins resulted in competition for prey or caused the subsequent differing population trajectories. This apparent absence of resource competition between Adélie and gentoo penguins throughout this study implies that current population trends in this region are governed by other biological and physical factors. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the mechanistic processes that influence top predator populations in the context of climate‐driven ecosystem shifts.
Fire regime on a cultural landscape: Navajo Nation
Authors: Whitehair Lionel , Fulé Peter Z. , Meador Andrew Sánchez , Azpeleta Tarancón Alicia , Kim Yeon‐Su 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFire has played an important role in the evolutionary environment of global ecosystems, and Indigenous peoples have long managed natural resources in these fire‐prone environments. We worked with the Navajo Nation Forestry Department to evaluate the historical role of fire on a 50 km2 landscape bisected by a natural mountain pass. We used fifty 5‐ha circular plots to collect proxy fire history data on fire‐scarred trees, stumps, logs, and snags in a coniferous forest centered on a key mountain pass. The fire history data were categorized into three groups: All (all 50 plots), Corridor (25 plots closest to Buffalo Pass drainage), and Outer (remaining 25 plots, farther from pass). We assessed spatial and temporal patterns of fire recurrence and fire‐climate relationships. The landscape experienced frequent fires from 1644, the earliest fire date with sufficient sample depth, to 1920, after which fire occurrence was interrupted. The mean fire interval (MFI) for fire dates scarring 10% or more of the samples was 6.25 years; there were 13 large‐scale fires identified with the 25% filter with an MFI of 22.6 years. Fire regimes varied over the landscape, with an early reduction in fire occurrence after 1829, likely associated with pastoralism, in the outer uplands away from the pass. In contrast, the pass corridor had continuing fire occurrence until the early 20th century.Synthesis. Fires were synchronized with large‐scale top‐down climatic oscillations (drought and La Niña), but the spatially explicit landscape sampling design allowed us to detect bottom‐up factors of topography, livestock grazing, and human movement patterns that interacted in complex ways to influence the fire regime at fine scales. Since the early 20th century, however, fires have been completely excluded. Fuel accumulation in the absence of fire and warming climate present challenges for future management.
When males outlive females: Sex‐specific effects of temperature on lifespan in a cyclic parthenogen
Authors: Pietrzak Barbara , Grzesiuk Małgorzata , Dorosz Julia , Mikulski Andrzej 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLifespans of males and females frequently differ as a consequence of different life history strategies adopted to maximize fitness. It is well visible in cyclic parthenogens, such as water fleas of the genus Daphnia, where males appear in the population usually only for periods when receptive females are available. Moreover, even within one sex, different life history strategies and mechanisms regulating lifespan may exist. Previous studies suggested that Daphnia males may regulate their lifespan by staying in colder waters than females. We hypothesize that such behavioral mechanism should be associated with stronger reaction to low temperature–that is greater lifespan extension in males than in females. In this study, we monitored survivorship of Daphnia magna females and males of three clonal lines cultured at 16 or 20°C. The results did not provide a species‐level corroboration of our hypothesis; instead, they revealed very strong intraspecific differences in the responses of male and female lifespan to temperature change. They further suggest the existence of parallel life history strategies, hypothesis whose tests would bring new insights into the ecology of males in cyclic parthenogens.