bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Transfer Dissociation of Alkali‐Cationized Phosphatidylcholines Allows Easy Double Bonds and sn‐1/sn‐2 Localizations
Authors: Carlos John , Gosset‐Erard Clarisse , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Poyer Salomé 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleThe emergence of new mass spectrometry (MS) dissociation methods has highlighted lipid isomers as new biomarkers. Only a few commercial methods without derivatization are available to characterize phosphatidylcholines (PCs) at the isomeric level. We propose to use electron transfer dissociation (ETD) as a method to determine the position of both double bonds and stereo numbering (sn) on glycerol for PC species.MethodsDoubly charged PCs were analyzed using alkali salts to promote the formation of [PC + 2Alk]2+ species. ETD‐MS2 experiments were performed using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer with an ESI source to annotate sn‐positions. ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments were then done on ETnoD [M + 2Alk]+• or [M + 2Alk−N(CH3)3]+• species to localize double bond positions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and cyclic ion mobility spectrometry c‐IMS‐MS/MS experiments were used to support fragmentation assumptions.ResultsETD‐MS2 experiments exhibit a systematic sn‐2 favorable cleavage, allowing sn‐positioning through a radical cation‐driven mechanism supported by DFT calculations. This behavior contrasts with CID experiments, in which the initial positioning of alkali cations influences ester bond cleavage, as shown by c‐IMS‐MS/MS experiments. The dissociation process studied for ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments on 10 different PC isomers allowed us to localize double bonds for either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated species.ConclusionsThe dissociation rules established for ETD‐MS2 and ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments on PC isomers enable their annotation at the isomeric level without instrumental modification or complex sample preparation. This method could be easily coupled to LC separation using post‐column introduction of an alkali salt for complex mixture analysis.
A Simple Method for Triple Stable Isotope Analysis of Cellulose, Sugar, and Bulk Organic Matter—Advances and Limitations
Authors: Saurer Matthias , Oettli Manuela , Lehmann Marco M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRationaleDetermining several isotope ratios in one analysis multiplies the information that can be retrieved from a sample in a cost‐efficient way. The stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) in organic compounds are highly relevant due to their complimentary hydroclimatic and physiological signals. Different types of organic material reflect different processes and integration times, like short term in leaf sugars and long term in tree ring cellulose, but currently, no simple method exists for their triple isotope analysis.MethodsHere, we present a method that enables the isotopic analyses of the three elements H, C, and O in one run and is applicable to different types of carbohydrates and bulk organic matter. We discuss all steps required from water vapor equilibration necessary for obtaining reliable δ2H values of carbon‐bound H to high‐temperature conversion (HTC) of the sample to CO and H2 and to the mass‐spectrometric isotope‐ratio analysis.ResultsWe show that reliable triple isotope analysis is possible for a large range of samples, although it results in some reduction of precision compared to individual isotope analysis. Important considerations are the equilibration procedure, the type of autosampler, selection of HTC reactor, the influence of nitrogen in the sample, the verification of δ13C values obtained by HTC versus combustion, and the selection of reference materials.ConclusionsBy presenting a relatively simple triple‐isotope method, we promote the use of multi‐isotope studies in environmental sciences, which helps in addressing many important climate and ecological research challenges that we face today.
Detection and Identification of New Chlorphenesin Carbamate Metabolites in Human Urine and Metabolomic Characterization Using Liquid Chromatography‐Q Exactive‐HF‐Orbitrap‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Wennuo , Niu Bing , Li Zhongquan , Zhuo Yue , Xu Siyan , Liu Bing , Deng Xiaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChlorphenesin carbamate is a skeletal muscle relaxant, and one of its metabolites is 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4‐CPA), which is included on the Prohibited List of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The non‐prohibited substance, chlorphenesin carbamate, as a potential source of 4‐CPA, needs to be identified more strongly in doping control protocols. In this paper, the metabolism of chlorphenesin carbamate in human urine was studied. Ten volunteers were recruited to take chlorphenesin carbamate tablets orally, and urine samples were collected before and after being tested. The urine samples were detected by liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive HF orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC‐Q Exactive HF‐MS) in full MS and full MS‐ddMS2 scanning modes. Based on accurate molecular formulae determination and fragmentation pattern analysis by mass spectrometry, a total of 29 chlorphenesin carbamate metabolites were found, comprising 18 newly identified metabolites and 11 previously reported metabolites. There were five potential metabolic processes listed: hydroxylation, amide hydrolysis, C‐oxidation, O‐glucuronidation, sulfation, and their combinations. Chlorphenesin carbamate and the 29 metabolites were compared for their detection windows, and the findings indicated that the two recently reported metabolites, M9 and M10, had longer detection windows than the metabolites documented by the WADA. These metabolites are anticipated to be long‐lasting biomarkers for the detection of chlorphenesin carbamate intake. By analyzing the results of metabolomic profiling, it was found that the metabolites with significant changes were mainly related to histidine metabolism and β‐alanine metabolism pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive report on the metabolic profile of urinary chlorphenesin carbamate and reveals a point of view the changes in the metabolic in the human body, which is conducive to supporting the detection of chlorphenesin carbamate and meclofenoxate for doping control, as well as a better understanding of the mechanism of action of chlorphenesin carbamate as a drug.
Hydroelectric Dams Affect Hyporheic Copepod Diversity
Authors: Di Cicco M. , Galmarini E. , Cerasoli F. , Fiasca B. , Galassi D. M. P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the ecological impact of a small hydroelectric power plant (SHPP) on the hyporheic zone of the venacquaro stream (VEN), a low‐order groundwater‐fed stream in Central Italy. The hyporheic zone, a critical ecological interface where groundwater and surface water interact, plays a pivotal role in nutrient cycling, pollutant retention, and supporting aquatic biodiversity. However, hydrological alterations from activities such as damming pose significant threats to this zone. The research employs a three‐pronged approach to assess the effect of a SHPP on hyporheic copepod communities. Copepods were selected as the focal group due to their dominance in this habitat. Initially, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate changes in copepod diversity, specifically alpha and beta diversity. The study then examines environmental shifts caused by the SHPP using permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Lastly, a multivariate species distribution model (mSDM) explores correlations between environmental variables and copepod abundances. Results reveal significant alterations in copepod assemblage structure and environmental variables downstream of the SHPP. The GEE model indicates a notable shift in beta diversity, primarily driven by disruptions in hyporheic connectivity rather than environmental changes alone. This disruption favours stygobitic species downstream, suggesting the influence of groundwater upwelling. Environmental analysis shows several differences between upstream and downstream sites, with changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate sediment accumulation and maintain habitat quality in SHPP‐affected streams. Techniques like sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) are recommended to preserve both economic and ecological values. This research contributes to the still limited understanding of SHPP impacts on hyporheic ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of considering these effects in hydropower development and riverine ecosystem conservation.
A Sequence of Sensemaking in a High School Chemistry Classroom: Tracking Student Thinking and Positioning
Authors: Criswell Brett , Demir Kadir , Zoss Michelle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis qualitative case study delved into students’ understanding and positioning while they participated in solving an authentic, conceptually‐based problem in a high‐school chemistry class. Verbal and nonverbal cues, particularly gestures, offered broader awareness of students’ engagement in sensemaking during the learning experience. The chemistry classroom emerged as a dynamic space where intricate scientific thinking unfolded during this experience, and our embodied, multimodal analysis focused on unraveling this complexity. Our analysis determined the ways that various features of the contextual configuration—the intersection of different semiotic fields in the social setting—affected student thinking and participation. For example, the lack of specific reference to semiotic resources and the lack of attention to a key gesture influenced the way ideas evolved in the solution generation phase. The analysis also revealed the teacher's impact on the contextual configuration at critical junctures, including her influence on the use of semiotic resources and on student positioning. Finally, the embodied and multimodal analysis provided insights into the affordances and constraints of the activity structure and modes of communication on student's involvement in scientific practices. These insights highlighted the importance of educators recognizing diverse forms of student expression, including gestures, as essential for nurturing scientific sensemaking and supporting students in utilizing different modalities productively. Our approach can assist researchers in holistically investigating pedagogical strategies that can facilitate reform‐based science teaching. It can also assist teachers in fostering effective communication—both verbal and non‐verbal, while simultaneously guiding positioning within and between student groups, establishing an environment conducive to equitable sensemaking.
Li‐Ions Pre‐intercalation Strategy of Manganese Oxides for Capacitive Deionization‐Based Selective Lithium Extraction From Low‐grade Brine
Authors: Bao Yang , Ji ZeYing , Zhou Hongru , Zhang Cui , Song Shaoxian , Jia Feifei , Li Jianbo , Quintana Mildred 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this work, Li preintercalated λ‐LixMnO2 with tunable lithium content is synthesized, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and dual‐mode electrochemical storage behavior. Double‐layer capacitive and diffusion‐controlled Faradaic processes play a role in the charge–discharge process, leading to an enhanced lithium selective adsorption capacity. When employed in hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI), the λ‐Li1.5MnO2 obtains a Li+ adsorption capacity of 33.68 mg g−1 in 32.74 mg L−1 Li+ ion solution and low energy consumption of 0.19 Wh g−1. Moreover, the λ‐Li1.5MnO2 electrode exhibited outstanding cycling stability, with a significant capacity retention rate of 80% and a manganese mass dissolution rate of 1.2% over 100 intercalation/deintercalation cycles. λ‐Li1.5MnO2 achieved outstanding lithium selectivity with a separation factor ≈32.7 at a Mg2+/Li+ molar ratio of 30 in synthetic brine. Importantly, λ‐Li1.5MnO2 achieved a high Li+ adsorption capacity and good selectivity in Lop Nor, the low‐grade original brine of the XieLi salt flats, making it a candidate electrode for lithium extraction from low‐grade original brine. The pre‐intercalation strategy offers a viable option for rationalizing other intercalation electrode materials for electrochemical lithium extraction from low‐grade original brine.
Anion Doping as a “Trigger” to Modulate Defect‐Tailored Dielectric Coupling for Ultrathin Microwave Absorber
Authors: Pei Ruifeng , Chen Yikun , Rao Huichao , Jin Wenhui , Nan Kai , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAnion doping engineering is recognized as a prospective strategy to adjust the electronic configuration and transport capacity of carbon‐based magnetoelectric hybrids and to optimize defects for the modulation of electromagnetic (EM) properties. This study effectively accomplishes an overwhelming enhancement in the dielectric coupling between conduction and polarization for the CuCo bimetallic/carbon system by employing in situ (N, O)/ex situ (S, Se) doping and defect modulation strategies. The well‐designed lattice distortions are facilitated by the large atomic radii (Se) intercalated carbon skeleton and the bimetallic CuCo, which activate the reinforcement of the dipole polarization in the high‐frequency region. Interestingly, an appropriate number of vacancies acts as “electron traps” to accelerate the local charge redistribution, endowing the system with extremely strong electronic interactions and interface‐induced polarization. It is remarkable that the ultra‐thin feature (1.8 mm) is able to achieve an extraordinary microwave attenuation (‒56.1 dB). Additionally, specific defect upgrading of anionic Se doping beneficially hinders the development of phonon transmission, conferring Cu2Se/CoSe2/NC‐Se aerogel outstanding infrared stealth capabilities along with inheriting the advantages of traditional carbon‐based hybrids (lightness, compressive/structural stability, and hydrophobicity/anti‐corrosive properties). This research offers distinctive perspectives on the advanced design of multifunctional absorbers in complex environments.
Innovative Applications and Perspectives of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Technology in Biomedicine
Authors: Xu Lei , Xie Yujiao , Liu Aochi , Xie Liting , Miao Xinyu , Hou Zhiwei , Xiang Lingchao , Jiang Tianan , Wu Aiguo , Lin Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a revolutionary technique in the biomedical field, providing unparalleled sensitivity for the detection and characterization of biological samples. In this review, recent SERS innovations are comprehensively discussed, including advanced substrate materials, different SERS detection strategies, and multimodal approaches that combine SERS with other biotechnologies. Among them, the role of SERS in the accurate diagnosis of tumors is highlighted, which has promoted accurate molecular analysis and real‐time monitoring of treatment effects. In addition, the growing potential of SERS in the treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. Moreover, the integration with microfluidic chip systems for precise single‐cell analysis is presented. To give a forward‐looking view, the key challenges faced by SERS technology are also proposed, and possible solutions to overcome these obstacles are provided.
Metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers based on type‐I photosensitizer for synergistic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Lyu Shibo , Li Lukun , Gao Jingdong , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great merits in treating microbial infections due to its absence of bacterial resistance. However, the pronounced hypoxic microenvironment in the bacterial infections limits the therapeutic efficiency of traditional type‐II PDT, which is highly dependent on oxygen. Here type‐I photosensitizer BTZn‐Py (n = 8, 20) coordinates with chemical antibacterial agent Ag+ to fabricate metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers. Under light irradiation, the formed nanofibers could not only generate type‐II reactive oxygen species (ROS), 1O2, but also produce type‐I ROS O2•− which addressed the hypoxic issues within infected tissues. Moreover, the acid‐ and photo‐active Ag+ release from the nanofibers endowed the metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers with controlled release characteristic, which showed good biocompatibility to normal tissues. Owing to controlled Ag+ release and photoinduced type‐I ROS, the in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the significantly synergistic antibacterial performance of the metallo‐supramolecular fibers against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
One‐Click to 3D: Helical Carbon Nanotube‐Mediated MXene Hierarchical Aerogel with Layer Spacing Engineering for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Lin Jing , Peng Yuhui , Luo Jingyuan , Xiong Zhiqiang , Huang Jun , Zeng Xiaojun , Wu Liping , Peng Jinbin , Liu Chongbo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMXenes are 2D materials known for their unique electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) properties arising from their varied composition and structure. In this study, a one‐step ice‐assisted process is utilized to directly transform 2D MXene into 3D single‐layer MXene aerogels (SMAs). Furthermore, the interlayer spacing of the SMAs is optimized by incorporating helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs). Because of the van der Waals interaction between the MXene nanosheets and HCNTs, the assembled HCNT@MXene aerogels (HMAs) exhibited a regular porous structure and moderate conductivity, leading to significantly enhanced electromagnetic responses, as demonstrated by finite element simulation. The HMAs showed an exceptional EMWA, with a minimum reflection loss of −51.45 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.48 GHz at 3.0 wt.% filler ratio. Additionally, visualization of surface charge distribution and power loss density characteristics clarified the underlying EMWA mechanisms. By employing a hollow structure gradient metamaterial design, the effective EMWA bandwidth is further expanded to 13.98 GHz. Additionally, HMAs exhibited the maximum radar cross‐section reduction values with 27.08 dB m2. Moreover, the HMAs exhibited excellent thermal insulation capability. This paper presents a straightforward yet effective method for fabricating MXene aerogels and offers valuable insights for the development and application of MXene‐aerogel‐based EMW absorbers.
Black is Beauty: Jamaican Teachers Fostering Pro‐Blackness in Elementary Education
Authors: Jackson Jarvais J. , Scharschmidt Kadesha , Miller‐Smith Heidi , Blackwood‐Smith Addaniekie , Stultz Vanessa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract“Black is beauty” is a powerful affirmation in Jamaican families, emphasizing the value of Blackness beyond race. Similarly, “Black is Beautiful” empowers Black Americans. This article explores the beauty of Blackness from a Jamaican perspective in the U.S., demonstrating pro‐Black pedagogy in classrooms to uplift Black students. Despite the global dispersion of Black people, our Africanness, rooted in Mother Africa, remains influential. This article examines the pro‐Black journeys of four Jamaican teachers and a teacher educator, enhancing Black students' educational experiences in an urban southern U.S. city and showcasing the interconnectedness of Blackness.
Introduction: The Gothic Aesthetic
Authors: Jacob Ramalho Joana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis book defines the cinematic Gothic as an intergeneric, transnational, and transhistorical aesthetics of memory. It suggests that the cross-border movements of those I call ‘travelling directors’ had a crucial impact on the emergence, development, and dissemination of the Gothic. This approach expands the canon to filmmakers and national traditions that have not received much attention in the context of the Gothic and supports an examination of the aesthetic as exilic at its core. I consider memory and processes of manual re-membering to be structural to the aesthetic’s carefully staged ‘sensuous geographies’ (Rodaway, Sensuous Geographies: Body, Sense and Place. London: Routledge, 1994). Guided by three key concepts—memory, travelling, and touch—this volume encourages a reappraisal of traditional modes of reading the Gothic by redrawing its scope, retracing its origins, and refocusing attention on surfaces as sites of meaning. In urging the reader to think about the cinematic Gothic in these terms, and through a range of disciplines, this book extends previous scholarship and breaks new ground for investigating not only areas that have eluded critical study, such as the role of hands in film, but also prioritises issues relevant to current academic discourse on memory, migration, and the senses.
Memory as Personal History: Émigrés, Exiles, and Professional Travellers
Authors: Jacob Ramalho Joana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter argues that gothic films are the product of travels and cultural exchanges and offers an investigation of the types of mobility that characterise the agents of the filmic Gothic, mostly European émigrés, exiles, and professional travellers who created a distinct way of visually rewriting and externalising experiences of displacement and alienation on the screen. Alongside such names as Alfred Hitchcock, my investigation discusses the role of hitherto elided but significant figures, such as Robert Wiene and Victor Sjöström. The relevance of the travelling directors is further explored via their impact on the works of Hathaway, Cocteau, and Carné, among others. The chapter only just looks at the countries of production but considers the nationalities and cross-border travels of the filmmakers as well. In doing so, it creates a framework for a combined aesthetic and socio-political approach to the films—one which does not excavate beneath the surface for meaning or allegorises moments in the narratives as either symbolic of universal human anxieties or strictly national, time-bound preoccupations. In refusing to separate between style and substance, it proposes a close engagement with the surface as the aspect in which a collaborative authorial signature articulates the private experiences of displacement.
The State of Marriage in the Arab Gulf States: The UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait
Authors: Al Khalifa Abdullah bin Hussein , Al Saleh Amer , Al Kubaisi Fatima 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe main objective of this chapter is to monitor, describe, and analyze the state of marriage in the Arab Gulf states (UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait). The chapter focuses on providing an integrated description of the institution of marriage, while taking into account the past and current conditions of the images and types in which marriage appeared in said countries.