bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mergers in Bardi: contextual probability and predictors of sound change
Authors: Babinski Sarah , Bowern Claire 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A crucial question for historical linguistics has been why some sound changes happen but not others. Recent work on the foundations of sound change has argued that subtle distributional facts about segments in a language, such as functional load, play a role in facilitating or impeding change. Thus not only are sound changes not all equally plausible, but their likelihood depends in part on phonotactics and aspects of functional load, such as the density of minimal pairs. Tests of predictability on the chance of phoneme merger suggest that phonemes with low functional load (as defined by minimal pair density) are more likely to merge, but this has been investigated only for a small number of languages with very large corpora and well attested mergers. Here we present work suggesting that the same methods can be applied to much smaller corpora, by presenting the results of a preliminary exploration of nine Australian languages, with a particular focus on Bardi, a Nyulnyulan language from Australia’s northwest. Our results support the hypothesis that the probability of merger is higher when phonemes distinguish few minimal pairs.
Patterns of probabilistic segment deletion/reduction in English and Japanese
Authors: Turnbull Rory 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Probabilistic phonetic reduction is widely attested in a variety of languages, acoustic domains, and interpretations of predictability. Less well-studied is the categorical effect of probabilistic segment deletion, which in principle is subject to similar pressures. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study into patterns of segment deletion in corpora of spontaneous speech in English and Japanese. Analysis at the word level reveals that words with more phonemes and higher-frequency words tend to have more of their segments deleted. Analysis at the phoneme level reveals that high-probability phonemes are more likely to be deleted than low-probability phonemes. For Japanese only, this analysis also shows effects of word length, frequency, and neighborhood density on deletion probability. Taken together, these results suggest that several large-scale patterns of probabilistic segment deletion mirror the processes of phonetic reduction and apply to both languages. Some patterns, though, appear to be language-specific, and it is not clear to what extent languages can and do differ in this regard. These findings are discussed in terms of our understanding of the universality of proposed predictability effects, and in terms of probabilistic reduction more broadly.
Application of conditional averaging to time delay estimation of random signals
Authors: Hanus Robert , Kowalczyk Adam , Chorzępa Rafał 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The article presents the possibilities of using the function of conditional average value of a delayed signal (CAV) and the function of conditional average value of a delayed signal absolute value (CAAV) to determine the time delay estimation (TDE) of random signals. For discrete CAV and CAAV estimators, the standard uncertainties of the estimation of function values at extreme points and the standard uncertainties of the TDE were given and compared with the corresponding uncertainties for the direct discrete cross-correlation function (CCF) estimator. It was found that the standard uncertainty of TDE for CAV is lower than for CCF independent of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for parameter values of α ≥ 2 and M/N ≥ 0.25 (where: α - relative threshold value, M/N - quotient of number of averaging and number of samples). The standard uncertainty of TDE for CAAV will be lower than for CCF for SNR values greater than 0.35 (for N/M = 1).
Cold-War Commons: Tragedy, Critique, and the Future of the Illiberal Problem Space
Authors: Eppinger Monica 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Major twentieth-century social theories like socialism and liberalism depended on property as an explanatory principle, prefiguring a geopolitical rivalry grounded in differing property regimes. This article examines the Cold War as an under-analyzed context for the idea of “the tragedy of the commons.” In Soviet practice, collectivization was meant to provide the material basis for cultivating particular forms of sociability and an antidote to the ills of private property. Outsiders came to conceptualize it as tragic in both economic and political dimensions. Understanding the commons as a site of tragedy informed Western “answers” to the “problem” of Soviet collective ownership when the Cold War ended. Privatization became a mechanism for defusing old tragedies, central to a post-Cold War project of advancing “market democracy.” Meanwhile, the notion of an “illiberal commons” stands ready for redeployment in future situations conceived as tragically problematic.
“A Vision for the End of Days”: Deferral of Revelation in Daniel and at the End of Mark
Authors: Hultgren Stephen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An important clue to the meaning of Mark 16,8 has not received adequate attention. The verse is an intertextual allusion to Dan 10,7. Daniel 10–12 establishes a pattern of revelation, concealment, and future revelation, in which the resurrection of the dead is apocalyptically deferred – its truth not confirmable until it happens at the end of days. A similar pattern of concealment and revelation characterizes Mark’s gospel. At the end of the gospel, the resurrection of Jesus is announced (and so revealed) in story time, but further concealed in discourse time. In the act of narrating, the message is once again revealed. With the omission of a resurrection appearance, however, the vision of the risen Lord remains concealed until the revelation of the Son of Man at the parousia.
Revisiting High Priesthood Christology in Hebrews
Authors: Loader William 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper revisits the author’s research on the christology of Hebrews completed in the 1970s in the light of subsequent research. It concentrates, in particular, on the way key problems of interpretation have been handled. These include the extent to which the author’s atonement day typology dictates a soteriology which reduces Christ’s death to a preparatory event and depicts a heavenly offering as the salvific event or, conversely, whether the author employs atonement day typology selectively to interpret Jesus’ death as salvific. It also addresses the associated problems created by parts of the book which report Jesus’ appointment at high priesthood as occurring after his death at his exaltation and other parts which appear to imply that he was acting as a high priest already during his earthly ministry.
Clinical Outcomes of Mitral Annuloplasty with Flexible Bands in Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Celkan Mehmet Adnan , Kork Ismail , Ulucay Abdullah 
Published: August 2018

Background: In this study, we present the outcomes of 53 patients with concomitant coronary artery disease and ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR)who underwent coronary bypass grafting (CABG) plus mitral repair (flexible posterior band annuloplasty).
Materials and Methods: A total of 53 patients with concomitant ischemic mitral regurgitation and coronary artery disease underwent CABG plus posterior mitral band annuloplasty between June 2008 and June 2015. Flexible Duran AnCore® annuloplasty band (Medtronic) was used in all patients. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was intraoperatively performed in all patients. A transthoracic (TTE) follow-up examination was performed at postoperative months 1, 3, 6, and 12.
Results: The average cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were 85.11 ± 5.79 and 105.98 ± 6.14 minutes, respectively. Postoperatively, there was an improvement in the grade of mitral regurgitation from 3.8 to 0.7 and in the NYHA class from 3.1 ± 0.5 to 0.5 ± 0.6 (both P < .001). In addition, statistically significant reductions in LVEDD, LVESD, and PAP were observed (P < .001). Ejection fraction rose from 39 ± 10% to 45 ± 8% (P < .01). Early mortality rate was 7.5% (n = 4). Mean follow-up was at 16 months. Late mortality occurred in one patient. During the follow-up period, reoperation was required in 2 patients. Only 2 parameters, redo surgery (P = .030) and IABP use (P = .021), were found related to mortality (P < .001). Cox regression analysis showed that redo surgery and postoperative bleeding increased mortality by 14.731 times (odds ratio: 14.731; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.530-141.852) and 23.839 times (odds ratio: 23.839; 95% CI: 1.478-348.641).
Discussion: In patients with IMR, mitral band annuloplasty performed in conjunction with CABG was associated with an increase in functional capacity and ejection fraction as well as a reduction in LVEDD and LVESD. This approach represents a feasible alternative with low mortality and prevents future development of mitral regurgitation and the need for redo surgery.
METALLOPROTEASES AND INHIBITORS EXPRESSION IN MYOCARDIUM UNDER ISCHEMIC CONDITIONS AFTER ALLOGENIC BIOMATERIAL INTRODUCTION
Authors: Lebedeva A. I. , Muslimov S. A. , Gareev E. M. , Popov S. V. , Afanasyev S. A. , Кondratyeva D. S. 
Published: August 2018

Aim. To assess the expression of ММР-9 and TIMP-2 after intramyocardial injection of the allogenic biomaterial (AB) into ischemized myocardium in rodents.Material and methods.One hundred Wistar rodents were used, who underwent ligation of coronary artery. The experiment group (n=50), together with coronary occlusion, received the suspension of AB 12 mg. General histology was applied: hematoxyline and eosine, by Mallori; immune histochemistry (ММP-9, TIMP-2, CD68); morphometry: index of the scar area (ISA), amount of ММP-9, TIMP-2, CD68-positive cells.Results.It was shown that in the experimental group, after implantation of AB there were lesser than in controls values of ISA (2,74 times, p<0,05 . <0,0001), numbers of MMP9+ cells (p<0,001) and macrophages CD68+ (p<0,05), as the manifestation of proteolysis and area of lesion. On the contrary, amount of Timp-2+ cells in the experimental group was higher than in the control (p<0,0004).Conclusion.Resorption of allogenic material (Alloplant) products does influence the balance of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the myocardium after ischemic lesion. This effect might influence the processes of myocardial remodelling and scar formation.
<b>THE SECURITIZATION OF IUU FISHING IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN</b><br/>A SECURITIZAÇÃO DA PESCA INN NO OCEANO AUSTRAL
Authors: Ferreira Luciano Vaz 
Published: August 2018

Fish stocks around the world are about to collapse, which has immensurable environmental, economic, and social consequences. Therefore, the possibility that IUU (illegal, unreported and unregulated) fishing proliferate is now followed closely by the international community. In this context, securitization processes of those issues start to arise. The Southern Ocean is particularity vulnerable to IUU fishing and may become the stage of new security dynamics. Thus, we propose the following research question: "How is regulation of fishing at the Southern Ocean securitized and what role does international cooperation play in that process?". This article's main objective is to answer that question. Furthermore, its specific objectives are to investigate securitization of fishing internationally, to study security dynamics in the Southern Ocean, and to discuss the role of international regimes and cooperation for this process. This research project is exploratory in nature. As a research method, we applied literature review using multidisciplinary materials and document analysis.
The Importance of Task Complexity When Rewarding Nonfinancial Performance
Authors: Berger Leslie 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
In this study, I investigate whether the effectiveness of rewarding performance of nonfinancial measures varies across levels of task complexity. I use a multi-period experiment where participants are assigned a highly or moderately complex task and an incentive contract where only financial measures or both financial and nonfinancial measures are rewarded. I find that in a moderately complex task, individuals perform better when only the financial measures are rewarded in the incentive contract. However, in a highly complex task, individuals perform better when both financial and nonfinancial measures are rewarded. Collectively, the results identify task complexity as an important task characteristic that impacts the effectiveness of incentives on nonfinancial measures of performance.
PKM KELOMPOK PENDAMPINGAN KADER KESEHATAN PADA PEMBENTUKAN RUMAH DIABETES MELLITUS DI KELURAHAN PENGGARON LOR KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Puspita Sari Dyah Wiji 
Published: August 2018

Abstrak: Pemberantasan penyakit tidak menular seperti diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu rencana aksi program pengendalian penyakit dan penyehatan lingkungan tahun 2015-2019 yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah. Salah satu cara yang dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah pendirian rumah Diabetes Mellitus. Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan mendukung program pemerintah dalam penanganan penyakit tidak menular khususnya diabetes mellitus melalui strategi yang efektif berbasis masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderita DM. Sasaran dalam PKM ini adalah TIM Penggerak PKK RW 3 dan 4 Kelurahan penggaron Lor. Metode pelaksanaan PKM ini yaitu metode empowerment yang dilaksanakan melalui beberapa pendekatan yaitu sosialisasi, role play, pelatihan dan pendampingan. Hasil dalam program ini adalah terbentunya rumah diabetes mellitus sehingga masyarakat dengan mudah untuk menikmati layanan rumah DM karena sangat dekat dengan tempat tinggalnya. Kata Kunci: PKM, Kader Kesehatan, Rumah Diabetes Mellitus
Synostosis of the first and second ribs in six horses
Authors: Rovel Tibor , Coudry Virginie , Denoix Jean-Marie , Audigie Fabrice 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION Over a 2-year period, 6 horses (4 Selle Français, 1 Hanoverian, and 1 Thoroughbred) were referred for evaluation of forelimb lameness. All horses had radiographic evidence of synostosis of the first and second ribs (SFSR).
CLINICAL FINDINGS For 1 horse, the SFSR was considered the probable cause of the lameness (grade 3/5), with a shortening of the cranial phase of the stride in the affected limb. For 3 horses, it was considered a possible cause of the lameness (grade 1/5) for the same reason. For 2 horses, SFSR was considered an incidental finding unassociated with any clinical signs. The 4 horses with lameness suspected as attributable to SFSR had a moderate to severe amount of irregularly marginated new bone formation at the site of the SFSR, with a cranial displacement of the first rib, compared with findings for the 2 horses in which the SFSR was considered incidental. A likely congenital abnormality of the first rib was first suspected on nuclear scintigraphy in the 1 horse for which it was performed or on radiography of the caudal cervical portion of the vertebral column (3 horses) or shoulder joint (2 horses).
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The horse in which SFSR was considered the probable cause of the lameness was retired to the field and remained chronically lame. Two of the 3 horses in which SFSR was considered a possible cause of lameness received an IV infusion of tiludronate disodium and mesotherapy over the caudal cervical and cranial thoracic regions; both returned to competition but with poor results. One of the 2 horses with subclinical SFSR never developed lameness on the affected side. No follow-up information was available for the other 2 horses.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE SFSR can be an incidental finding in horses, with or without clinical manifestations. This abnormality should be considered as a differential diagnosis for horses with forelimb lameness and associated shortening of the cranial phase of the stride that fails to improve with diagnostic analgesic techniques.
The status quo and influence of self-management behaviors in convalescent stroke patients
Authors: Guan Feng-Guang , Wang Mei , Lian Xiao-Qin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.

Methods
A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.

Results
The mean self-management behavior score was (151.95±23.58), and dimensions in descending order were as follows: dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated (P<0.05); educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).

Conclusions
The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist interventions in
patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: Yin Hua , Yang Ling , Ye Qiao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
This review aimed to examine the effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist (CNS) interventions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD significantly affects people’s health worldwide. With the development in nursing, CNSs are playing increasingly important roles in different departments. However, the studies on the effectiveness of CNSs in COPD are not as well organized as the studies on the effectiveness of CNSs in bronchiectasis and asthma. Therefore, this review aims to find some updated evidence on the CNS interventions for patients with COPD and on whether these interventions are effective.

Methods
A narrative analysis of the data was performed for the eligible studies. Four databases were chosen: CINAHL, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index, and Cochrane Library. Other websites such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, National Health Service Evidence, Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists, and National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialist were searched as well. Two reviewers performed study identification independently, and all the retrieved articles were stored using the EndNote X7 software. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool.

Results
A total of nine studies were included in this review. There were five current interventions by CNSs for patients with COPD. These interventions were home nursing support, CNS’s supported discharge, multidisciplinary cooperation programs, nurse-led care programs, and self-care management education. The effectiveness of these five interventions was evaluated individually. There is low- to moderate-quality evidence indicating that home nursing support interventions may have a positive effect on mortality and quality of life. No significant difference in quality of life has been found between the CNS-supported discharge intervention and the usual service. The multidisciplinary cooperation program probably had a positive effect on quality of life in patients with COPD. Both nurse-led care and self-care management education intervention had a positive effect on mortality of patients with COPD.

Conclusions
The findings of this review provide updated evidence on the effectiveness of CNS interventions for patients with COPD. Although nine trials were included and five types of interventions were identified, there is still lack of high-quality evidence.
Relief visualization techniques using free and open source GIS tools
Authors: Tzvetkov Jordan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The aim of the article is to present different relief visualization techniques created using only free and open source GIS tools, such as QGIS and RVT. The criteria for selection of these techniques are that they should be, on the one hand, simple and fast for implementation and on the other suitable for multiple visualization purposes. Here we present several techniques which combine hillshade with other relief data layers derived from DEM and an assessment of advantages and disadvantages of their visualization.
Comparative analysis of a characterization of the built-up area and settlement network on Polish topographic maps from the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Ostrowski Wiesław , Karsznia Izabela , Panecki Tomasz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Built-up area is a particularly important element of the content of topographic maps. Its presentation changes significantly when map scales are reduced, due to both conceptual and graphic generalization. What is more, historically, changes in the depiction of built-up area were consequences of changes in the intended use of topographic maps, development of technology and changes in the cultural landscape, of which the built-up area is an important component.1

The authors describe the method of presentation of built-up areas on six Polish topographic maps or series of maps. The above-mentioned maps include the following:
– Topograficzna Karta Królestwa Polskiego (Topographic Map of the Polish Kingdom) at the scale of 1:126,000 developed in 1822–1843;
– topographic maps of the Polish Military Geographical Institute (MGI) at the scales of 1:25,000 and 1:100,000, published in 1930s;
– a series of military maps (or military-civilian maps) at the scales of 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000, developed in 1956–1989, in accordance with the instruction for developing Soviet maps;
– a series of civilian maps at the scales of 1:10,000, 1:25,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 developed after 1995.
The basis for a quantitative comparison of the content of the maps was the number of categories of objects (identifications) which constitute part of built-up area and are presented on individual maps as symbols, as well as the number of characteristics represented by these symbols. These characteristics are divided into two basic types: functional characteristics and physiognomic characteristics.
The analysis shows that military maps issued after the Second World War differ from the civilian maps, as they contain a much larger share of physiognomic characteristics, which is caused mainly from the fact that the vast majority of military maps distinguish between wooden and brick buildings. This difference was to large extent already noticeable among the oldest of the analysed maps – the Quartermaster’s Map and nineteenth-century Russian maps, which were partly modelled on the Quartermaster’s Map, and later also Soviet maps. Due to political reasons, the model of these Soviet maps was later adopted for the development of post-war Polish military maps. Out of all maps drawn up by military services, the inter-war MGI map serves special attention, as it was modelled on German maps. The main difference between military and civilian maps is foremost the fact that civilian maps include more functional characteristics of buildings and take into consideration new physiognomic characteristics related to residential development (compact, dense, multifamily dwellings, single family dwellings).
The analysed maps include not only the characteristics of buildings and built-up area, but also information on the features of the town – population size, number of village houses and the administrative function.