bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flash Heating and Local Fluid Pressurization Lead to Rapid Weakening in Water‐Saturated Fault Gouges
Authors: Yao Lu , Ma Shengli , Chen Jianye , Shimamoto Toshihiko , He Honglin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCoseismic fault displacement is quite large at shallow depths in some earthquakes, and it implies that fault gouges and sediments have extremely low dynamic friction during seismic slip. However, the dynamic weakening mechanisms of gouges under wet conditions are still not well constrained. Here we present direct evidence for the occurrence of flash heating and local fluid pressurization in water‐saturated gouges, by performing low‐ to high‐velocity (V = 10 μm/s to 1 m/s) friction experiments in a pressure vessel, under conditions specially designed to suppress weakening effects of bulk thermal and compaction‐induced pressurization. The tested gouges exhibit transition from velocity strengthening to drastic velocity weakening as slip rates increase. Strong dynamic weakening starts to occur at V ≥ 0.04 m/s at the initiation of sliding (<~0.1 m), which is much more efficient than previously reported in terms of the weakening velocity and distance. Furthermore, the onset of weakening is always accompanied by an instantaneous dilatancy (10–25 μm), which is much larger than that observed in dry tests and in contrast with gradual changes displayed in the wet tests without dynamic weakening. Numerical modeling integrated with microstructural observation reveals that bulk thermal pressurization cannot explain the experimental results, while flash weakening triggered by vaporization of water layers on/around asperity contacts and the resultant local fluid pressurization may be responsible for the observed rapid weakening concomitant with instantaneous dilatancy. Given high efficiency of such weakening process, fluid‐infiltrated faults could be weakened more rapidly than previously recognized during seismic slip.
Simulating Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol During Summertime in China
Authors: Qin Momei , Wang Xuesong , Hu Yongtao , Ding Xiang , Song Yu , Li Mengmeng , Vasilakos Petros , Nenes Athanasios , Russell Armistead G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBiogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOA) contributes significantly to summertime organic particulate matter. In this study, a simulation of BSOA for summer 2012 over China is performed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model with an explicit representation of BSOA formation via reactive uptake of isoprene‐derived intermediates, species‐specific parameters for monoterpene‐derived BSOA production, and a multigenerational oxidation scheme. Simulated BSOA tracks the measurements well (normalized mean bias of 1% and r2 of 0.59). Elevated BSOA occurs in the Sichuan Basin and southeastern China (except the coastal areas) where concentrations are mostly within the range of 5–7.5 μg/m3. Nitrate oxidation dominates fresh BSOA originating from monoterpenes. Simulated monoterpene‐formed BSOA increases by a factor of 3–11 with multigenerational oxidation. Isoprene‐formed BSOA shows high concentrations in southwestern China, formed primarily by two methyltetrols (2‐MT) and organosulfates (62%–83%). High concentrations in this region are driven by the abundance of IEPOX and high particle surface area of sulfate‐laden aerosols. NOx emissions influence the formation pathways of isoprene‐formed BSOA, as a high ratio of two‐methylglyceric acid (2‐MG)/2‐MT is found in the North China Plain and part of the Yangtze River Delta Region. The simulated isoprene‐formed BSOA is more strongly correlated with sulfate than with particle water mass concentration or particle acidity, in part because sulfate increases the surface area increasing uptake for heterogeneous reactions. Decreases in isoprene‐formed BSOA were simulated with a pH increase of 2, implying that particle acidity mediates the BSOA formation.
Optimismus hilft!
Authors: Mehrholz Jan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Patient ist 6 Jahre alt und leidet unter spastischer Zerebralparese. Er hat einen gesunden Zwillingsbruder. Beide sind zu früh geboren. Die Eltern sind
beruflich sehr erfolgreich, sehr eingespannt in Leitungspositionen und beinahe voll berufstätig.
Die Magnetresonanztomografie – das Arbeitspferd der Bildgebung des Bewegungsapparates
Authors: Achim Burget 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEin fundiertes Wissen zu den einzelnen Sequenzen einer MRT-Aufnahme unterstützt Therapeuten darin, das MRT-Bild adäquat zu analysieren. Fett und Wasser zum Beispiel erscheinen je nach Sequenz entweder dunkel oder hell. Doch für alle MRT-Aufnahmen gilt: Sie sollten immer in Zusammenhang mit klinischen Symptomen interpretiert werden.
Möglichkeiten zur gezielten Stressregulation neben Hands-on-Interventionen
Authors: Graf Carmen , Gordon Christopher-Marc , Düll Stefan 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungZwei Drittel der unter einem hohen Stresspegel stehenden Bundesbürger leiden unter Rückenschmerzen und Muskelverspannungen. Diese Studie stellt den Zusammenhang zwischen körperlichen und seelischen Symptomen deutlich dar.Neben den bekannten manuellen und aktiven Therapieformen eignet sich zur Behandlung die evidenzbasierte Interdisciplinary Fascia Therapy (IFT), da sie Techniken aus myofaszialer Körpertherapie mit Stressbewältigungs- und Selbsthilfemethoden kombiniert. Sie zeigt jedoch nicht nur bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen positive Wirkungen, sondern erzielt auch im Hochleistungssport beachtliche Erfolge.
Evidence GDF15 Plays a Role in Familial and Recurrent Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Fejzo Marlena , Arzy Daria , Tian Rayna , MacGibbon Kimber , Mullin Patrick 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Introduction Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), a pregnancy complication characterized by severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, occurs in up to 2% of pregnancies. It is associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. HG is highly heritable and recurs in approximately 80% of women. In a recent genome-wide association study, it was shown that placentation, appetite, and the cachexia gene GDF15 are linked to HG. The purpose of this study was to explore whether GDF15 alleles linked to overexpression of GDF15 protein segregate with the condition in families, and whether the GDF15 risk allele is associated with recurrence of HG.
Methods We analyzed GDF15 overexpression alleles for segregation with disease using exome-sequencing data from 5 HG families. We compared the allele frequency of the GDF15 risk allele, rs16982345, in patients who had recurrence of HG with its frequency in those who did not have recurrence.
Results Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to higher levels of GDF15 segregated with disease in HG families. The GDF15 risk allele, rs16982345, was associated with an 8-fold higher risk of recurrence of HG.
Conclusion The findings of this study support the hypothesis that GDF15 is involved in the pathogenesis of both familial and recurrent cases of HG. The findings may be applicable when counseling women with a familial history of HG or recurrent HG. The GDF15-GFRAL brainstem-activated pathway was recently identified and therapies to treat conditions of abnormal appetite are under development. Based on our findings, patients carrying GDF15 variants associated with GDF15 overexpression should be included in future studies of GDF15-GFRAL-based therapeutics. If safe, this approach could reduce maternal and fetal morbidity.
Ist eine Operation der Brust bei Komplettremission nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie des Mammakarzinoms notwendig?
Authors: Richter Hannah , Hennigs André , Schaefgen Benedikt , Hahn Markus , Blohmer Jens , Kümmel Sherko , Kühn Thorsten , Thill Marc , Friedrichs Kay , Sohn Christof , Golatta Michael , Heil Jörg 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Wahrscheinlichkeit einer pathologischen Komplettremission (pCR) bei Brustkrebs nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie (NACT) nimmt zu; vor allem in den Subgruppen der tripel-negativen und HER-2-positiven Tumoren. Daher stellt sich die Frage, ob bei einer Komplettremission nach NACT eine operative Therapie der Brust notwendig ist und ob es ein Vorteil für das onkologische Behandlungsergebnis ist, wenn kein Tumor mehr nachgewiesen werden kann. Ein Verzicht auf die Operation und gegebenenfalls auch auf die Radiotherapie ist jedoch nur auf der Basis einer verlässlichen pCR-Diagnose ohne Operation denkbar. Bildgebende Verfahren erreichen derzeit nicht die nötige Sensitivität und Spezifität, um die Diagnose einer pathologischen Komplettremission sicher zu stellen. Daher sind weitere Studien nötig, um herauszufinden, welche Methode die bestmögliche Evaluation des Tumoransprechens auf NACT erlaubt. Erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse zeigen sich in Studien zu bildgebungsgesteuerten, minimalinvasiven Biopsien nach NACT. Diese evaluieren die Möglichkeit einer pCR-Diagnose vor der Operation und könnten die Grundlage für weitere Studien zu einem möglichen Verzicht auf eine Operation in diesem ausgewählten Kollektiv sein.
Psychische Belastungen und Patientinnenressourcen während einer primär systemischen Therapie bei Brustkrebs. Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie
Authors: Tschuschke Volker , Karadaglis Georgios , Evangelou Kalliopi , von Schweinitz Clara , Schwickerath Jürgen 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Diese prospektive Studie berichtet über die Auswirkungen psychologischer Faktoren bei Patientinnen mit primärer Mammakarzinomerkrankung, die sich einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie unterzogen haben. Die spezielle Situation dieser Frauen ist nicht nur gekennzeichnet durch den Schock der Krebsdiagnose, sondern auch durch die Tatsache, dass der bösartige Tumor nicht sofort, sondern erst nach Abschluss der Chemotherapie entfernt wird. Eine solche Situation belastet und benötigt persönliche Stärken, über die nicht jede Frau verfügt.
Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 53 Patientinnen vor dem Staging und der systemischen Therapie mithilfe verschiedener psychologischer und psychoonkologischer Fragebögen und Interviews auf ihre psychische Belastung und ihre Bewältigungsressourcen hin untersucht (t 1). Unmittelbar nach Abschluss der Chemotherapie und noch vor dem operativen Eingriff erfolgte eine weitere Testung mit denselben Messinstrumenten (t 2). Zusätzlich wurden die Patientinnen zu t 1 und t 2 bezüglich ihrer Bewältigungsstrategien interviewt. Die Interviews wurden mit dem Ulmer Coping-Manual (UCM) von bezüglich der medizinischen Informationen blinden Ratern objektiv geratet.
Ergebnisse Patientinnen mit einer schlechten psychosozialen Anpassung an die Situation konnten zum Zeitpunkt t 1 identifiziert werden. Sie wiesen Defizite im sozialen Bewältigungsverhalten auf. Weiterhin wiesen sie höhere Werte in resignativem Bewältigungsverhalten und niedrigere Werte in der Suche nach sozialer Unterstützung auf, was insgesamt das Risiko für das Auftreten eines Rezidivs bzw. einer anderen Krebserkrankung im Betrachtungszeitraum von 3,7 bis 5,5 Jahren nach der chemotherapeutischen Behandlung erhöhte. Im Gegensatz dazu konnten wir über unsere Studie Patientinnen identifizieren, die über eine Stärkung ihrer Copingfaktoren die primär systemische Therapie signifikant besser bewältigten.
Schlussfolgerung Ein sorgfältiges psychologisches Screening unmittelbar nach der Diagnose und noch vor der onkologischen Behandlung ist dringend empfohlen. Über diese Maßnahmen könnten jene Patientinnen identifiziert werden, die aufgrund ihrer psychisch hohen Vulnerabilität eine zusätzliche psychoonkologische Unterstützung erhalten sollten.
Mid- and Long-Term Outcomes of Total Arterial Myocardial Revascularization in Patients Aged 70 Years and Older: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jussli-Melchers Jill , Panholzer Bernd , Friedrich Christine , Broch Ole , Huenges Katharina , Cremer Joachim , Haneya Assad 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background Patients receiving arterial grafts have superior late survival after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The aim of our study was to evaluate the mid- and long-term results of total arterial (TA) revascularization in the elderly.
Methods Between January 2005 and December 2012, a retrospective study on age-, gender-, and EuroSCORE-matched patients aged 70 years and older was performed. Altogether, 356 patients who received isolated CABG were assigned to either TA group or control (CON) group.
Results No significant differences were noted in regard to preoperative risk factors. The number of distal anastomoses was significantly higher in the CON group (3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 2.9 ± 0.8; p < 0.001). Postoperatively, no significant differences were noted in regard to morbidity or mortality. There were no significant differences in mortality rate at 1 year (5.6 vs. 5.2%; p = 0.98), or 5 years (9.0 vs. 12.1%; p = 0.39) between both groups. However, the TA group was associated with significantly higher rate of event-free survival (p = 0.017).
Conclusion This study suggests that TA revascularization is an effective procedure. Lower rates of late cardiac events encourage the use of this concept for the elderly.
Genetics of schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Craddock N. 
Published: September 2018

Summary“Schizoaffective” refers to a mix of clinical features associated with prototypical schizophrenia and prototypical bipolar disorder. Such cases are common but definitions have varied substantially. Nosological possibilities considered include (a) a form of schizophrenia, (b) a form of mood disorder, (c) a distinct disorder, (d) some mixture of (a)-(c). In current usage “schizoaffective disorder” tends to be used only when cases cannot be fitted to definitions of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and such cases have been under-represented in cases collections to date. Methodological and practicalissues continue to cause difficulty for accumulating robust knowledge about schizoaffectivedisorder. Here we consider genetic understanding of schizoaffective disorder, particularly recent findings. These show that bipolar disorder andschizophrenia are not completely separate disease entities and confirm that schizoaffectivedisorder is genetically related to both. Some genetic variants influencerisk broadly across the mood-psychosis spectrum (e.g. Variation at CACNA1C). Some studies have implicated common variation at specific genes and gene families as conferring relatively specific phenotypic risk for a schizoaffective-type clinical pattern (e.g. GABAA receptorgenes). Such findings are of great interest and offer promise ofgreat advances in understanding over the next 20 years. It is important that there is a willingnessof researchers to study schizoaffective cases and to use approaches to phenotypic assessmentand classification that go beyond the traditional approaches enshrined within DSM and ICD.
Gestörte epigenetische Regulation als Angriffspunkt für neue Substanzen zur Behandlung von Demenzen und Psychosen
Authors: Falkai P. , Fischer A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Pathogenese neuropsychiatrischer Erkrankungen geht meist mit einer veränderten Genexpression in Hirnzellen einher. Es ist allerdings weitgehend unverstanden, welche Mechanismen zu dieser veränderten Transkriptom-Plastizität beitragen und ob solche Veränderungen ursächlich für den Krankheitsverlauf sind. Eine Reihe von Daten weisen darauf hin, dass deregulierte epigenetische Prozesse wie Histonacetylierung oder DNA-Methylierung in eine Reihe von neurodegenerativen und kognitiven Erkrankungen involviert ist. Histondeactylase (HDAC) Inhibitoren gelten daher als aussichtsreiche therapeutische Strategie für so unterschiedliche neuronale Erkrankungen wie Chorea Huntington, Morbus Alzheimer oder Schizophrenie. Dieser Artikel stellt die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieses neuen Forschungsgebiets zusammen.
Formality of logic and Frege’sBegriffsschrift
Authors: Mezzadri Daniele 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper challenges a standard interpretation according to which Frege’s conception of logic (early and late) is at odds with the contemporary one, because on the latter’s view logic is formal, while on Frege’s view it is not, given that logic’s subject matter is reality’s most general features. I argue that Frege – inBegriffsschrift– retained the idea that logic is formal; Frege sees logic as providing the ‘logical cement’ that ties up together the contentful concepts of specific sciences,notthe most general truths. Finally, I discuss how Frege conceives of the application of Begriffsschrift, and of its status as a ‘lingua characteristica’.
Are You on the Right Platform? A Conjoint Analysis of Social Media Preferences in Aesthetic Surgery Patients
Authors: Nayyar Apoorve , Jadi Jihane , Garimella Roja , Elkins-Williams Stephen Tyler , Gallagher Kristalyn K , Kalliainen Loree K , Hultman Charles Scott , Wu Cindy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Social media has become an indispensable tool for patients to learn about aesthetic surgery. Currently, procedure-specific patient preferences for social media platforms and content are unknown.

Objectives
The authors sought to evaluate social media preferences of patients seeking aesthetic surgery.

Methods
We utilized a choice-based conjoint analysis survey to analyze the preferences of patients seeking 3 common aesthetic procedures: breast augmentation (BA), facial rejuvenation (FR), and combined breast/abdominal surgery (BAB). Participants were asked to choose among social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, Tumblr, YouTube), information extent (basic, moderate, comprehensive), delivery mechanism (prerecorded video, live video, photographs, text description), messenger (surgeon, nurse/clinic staff, patient), and option for interactivity (yes/no). The survey was administered using an Internet crowdsourcing service (Amazon Mechanical Turk).

Results
A total of 647 participants were recruited: 201 in BA, 255 in FR, and 191 in BAB. Among attributes surveyed, participants in all 3 groups (BA, FR, BAB) valued social media platform as the most important (30.9%, 33.1%, 31.4%), followed by information extent (23.1%, 22.9%, 21.6%), delivery mechanism (18.9%, 17.4%, 18%), messenger (16%, 17%, 17.2%), and interactivity (11.1%, 9.8%, 11.8%). Within these attributes, Facebook ranked as the preferred platform, with comprehensive information extent, live video as the delivery mechanism, and surgeon as the messenger as most preferred.

Conclusions
The choice of social media platform is the most important factor for patients, and they indicated a preference for comprehensive information delivered by the surgeon via live video on Facebook. Our study elucidates social media usage in common aesthetic populations, which can help improve aesthetic patient outreach.
Aesthetic Treatment Positively Impacts Social Perception: Analysis of Subjects From the HARMONY Study
Authors: Dayan Steven , Rivkin Alexander , Sykes Jonathan M , Teller Craig F , Weinkle Susan H , Shumate Garrett T , Gallagher Conor J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The impact of facial aesthetic treatments not only enhances physical appearance but also psychological well-being. Accordingly, patient-reported outcomes are increasingly utilized as an important measure of treatment success. Observer-reported outcomes are a relevant yet often overlooked measure of treatment benefit.

Objectives
The authors aimed to evaluate the impact of panfacial aesthetic treatment on the perception of an individual in a variety of social contexts.

Methods
A total 2000 men and women (aged 18-65 years) participated in an online study designed to capture the blinded observer’s social perception of pretreatment and posttreatment patients who received panfacial aesthetic treatment in the HARMONY study. Perceptions relevant to character traits, age, attractiveness, and social status were evaluated. Observers were divided into 2 groups. Single image respondents (n = 1500) viewed 6 single, randomized patient images (3 pretreatment, 3 posttreatment), and paired image respondents (n = 500) viewed 6 pretreatment and posttreatment image pairs.

Results
Single image respondents reported significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher levels of agreement that posttreatment subjects appeared to possess more positive character traits (eg, healthy and approachable), were more socially adept, younger, more attractive, more successful at attracting others, and possessed a higher social status. Paired image respondents also reported a higher level of agreement for posttreatment images being aligned with positive character traits, representative of a younger and more attractive individual, and one with a higher social status.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the positive impact of minimally invasive panfacial treatment extends beyond enhancing physical appearance and highlights the importance of social perception and observer-reported outcomes in aesthetic medicine.
FA01.06: ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HISTOLOGY, ESOPHAGEAL-GASTRIC INTESTINAL METAPLASIA, GREATER CURVATURE LYMPHATIC METASTASES AND SURVIVAL IN SIEWERT II ADENOCARCINOMA
Authors: Lugaresi Marialuisa , Mattioli Benedetta , Tassi Valentina , Daddi Niccolò , Ruffato Alberto , Raulli Gian , Malvi Deborah , D’Errico Antonietta , Mattioli Sandro 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
In Siewert type II adenocarcinoma we investigated the relationship between adenocarcinoma subtypes and survival, histologic/biologic patterns related to the presence/absence of gastric greater curvature metastases.

Methods
154 patients who underwent primary transthoracic esophageal resection, total gastrectomy, thoracic-abdominal lymphadenectomy according to a research prospective protocol were considered. Cases were categorized in intestinal and diffuse subtypes, in Barrett's-like, cardiopyloric-like, and gastric-like adenocarcinoma according to the presence/absence of intestinal metaplasia in esophagus and stomach. Cancer specific survival and gastric greater curvature metastases were studied in those categories.

Results
Pathological stage (7th TNM ed) was IA-IIA in 11%; IIB in 15.6%; IIIA-IV in 73.4%. Cases were: 59% intestinal-type, 41% diffuse-type; Barrett's-type 1.3%, cardiopyloric-type 65%, gastric-type 33.7%. Greater gastric curvature lymph node metastases were detected in 22%, in stage IIIa-IV only, intestinal type 47%; diffuse type 53%. The number of metastatic lymph nodes at station 4 was higher in cardiopyloric-like than in gastric-like type (P < .0001).Five years cancer-specific survival of 154 cases was 40.5%, 59.4.% for intestinal type, 0% for diffuse type; 5-year cancer-specific survival in the absence/presence of greater gastric curvature metastases was respectively 48.7% and 14.9%, for intestinal type it was 67.4% and 27.9%. Histological subtype was an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion
The radical difference of 5 year survival between intestinal and diffuse types of Siewert type II adenocarcinoma after primary surgery, the relevant frequency and biologic patterns of station 4 nodal metastases do require further investigation in light of current indications for neoadjuvant therapy and total gastrectomy.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.