bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Density dependence in total egg production per spawner for marine fish
Authors: Takasuka Akinori , Yoneda Michio , Oozeki Yoshioki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA paradigm of fisheries science holds that spawning stock biomass (SSB) is directly proportional to total egg production (TEP) of fish stocks. This “SSB–TEP proportionality” paradigm has been a basic premise underlying the spawner–recruitment models for fisheries management and numerous studies on recruitment mechanisms of fish. Studies on maternal effects on reproductive potential of a stock have progressed during the last few decades, leading to doubt concerning the paradigm. Nonetheless, a direct test of the paradigm at multidecadal scales has been difficult because of data limitations in the stock assessment systems worldwide. Here, we tested the paradigm for marine fish based on a novel combination of two independent 38‐year time series: fishery‐dependent stock assessment data and fishery‐independent egg survey data. Through this approach, we show that the SSB–TEP proportionality is distorted by density dependence in total egg production per spawner individual (TEPPS) or spawner unit weight (TEPPSW) at a multidecadal scale. The TEPPS/TEPPSW exponentially declined with biomass and thus was density‐dependent for Japanese sardine, a small pelagic species exhibiting a high level of population fluctuation, in the western North Pacific. By contrast, the TEPPS/TEPPSW was sardine‐density‐dependent for Japanese anchovy, another small pelagic species exhibiting a moderate level of population fluctuation well‐known for being out of phase with sardine. Our analysis revealed intraspecific (sardine) and interspecific (anchovy) density dependence in TEPPS/TEPPSW, which was previously unaccounted for in spawner–recruitment relationships. Such density‐dependent effects at the time of spawning should be considered in fisheries management and studies on recruitment mechanisms.
Fracture toughness of high strength seamless pipe steel from SE(T) and SE(B) specimens evaluated by different standards
Authors: Filgueiras Pedro Freire , de Menezes João Teixeira Oliveira , Perez Ipiña Juan Elias , Castrodeza Enrique Mariano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently released, BS 8571:2014 standard offers an alternative for the experimental determination of fracture toughness and resistance curves of metallic materials from SE(T) specimens. Similar in stress conditions and constraint to cracked tubes, specimens in SE(T) geometry should yield less conservative toughness values than conventional high‐constraint specimens, such as SE(B) geometry. However, the convention to determine the J‐integral fracture toughness proposed in the new BS standard is different from ASTM standards. In this work, SE(T) and SE(B) specimens of similar dimensions of a tough high‐strength seamless pipe steel were tested following the BS 8571:2014 and ASTM E1820‐16 standards, respectively. Because of the different standardized definitions, SE(T) specimens yield lower fracture toughness than SE(B) specimens, which could lead to more conservative results in structural integrity analysis. This investigation also suggests the introduction of the blunting line concept in the BS 8571:2014 standard in order to minimize this problem.
Biomass consumption by surface fires across Earth's most fire prone continent
Authors: Murphy Brett P. , Prior Lynda D. , Cochrane Mark A. , Williamson Grant J. , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLandscape fire is a key but poorly understood component of the global carbon cycle. Predicting biomass consumption by fire at large spatial scales is essential to understanding carbon dynamics and hence how fire management can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase ecosystem carbon storage. An Australia‐wide field‐based survey (at 113 locations) across large‐scale macroecological gradients (climate, productivity and fire regimes) enabled estimation of how biomass combustion by surface fire directly affects continental‐scale carbon budgets. In terms of biomass consumption, we found clear trade‐offs between the frequency and severity of surface fires. In temperate southern Australia, characterised by less frequent and more severe fires, biomass consumed per fire was typically very high. In contrast, surface fires in the tropical savannas of northern Australia were very frequent but less severe, with much lower consumption of biomass per fire (about a quarter of that in the far south). When biomass consumption was expressed on an annual basis, biomass consumed was far greater in the tropical savannas (>20 times that of the far south). This trade‐off is also apparent in the ratio of annual carbon consumption to net primary production (NPP). Across Australia's naturally vegetated land area, annual carbon consumption by surface fire is equivalent to about 11% of NPP, with a sharp contrast between temperate southern Australia (6%) and tropical northern Australia (46%). Our results emphasise that fire management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions should focus on fire prone tropical savanna landscapes, where the vast bulk of biomass consumption occurs globally. In these landscapes, grass biomass is a key driver of frequency, intensity and combustion completeness of surface fires, and management actions that increase grass biomass are likely to lead to increases in greenhouse gas emissions from savanna fires.
YoungMito 2018: Report on the 1st International Mitochondria Meeting for Young Scientists
Authors: Yamano Koji , Lazarou Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 1st International Mitochondria Meeting for Young Scientists (International YoungMito 2018) was held at Hotel Co‐op Inn Kyoto in Kyoto, Japan, from 20 to 22 April 2018. The meeting was attended by 130 mitochondrial researchers from 15 countries. International YoungMito 2018 was the first international mitochondria meeting held in Japan organized by and for young mitochondrial researchers. Over the 3‐day period, there were 28 oral presentations including two keynote lectures, 20 presentations from invited speakers, and six short talks selected from abstract submissions. Many different topics were covered including quality control pathways acting against mitochondrial stresses, mitochondrial dynamics, protein/lipid transport, cristae organization, respiration/ATP synthesis, mtDNA maintenance, mitochondrial disease models, and pharmacological approaches. In addition, we had 64 posters, a number which represented almost half of all attendees. Thanks to the cutting‐edge information and high‐quality unpublished data that were presented, there were many lively discussions during oral and poster sessions that continued into the coffee breaks, lunchtime, and nighttime discussions. The 1st international YoungMito meeting was successful in promoting intellectual exchange among all participants, facilitating collaborations beyond national boundaries, and closed with great success. It was a great pleasure that many participants were looking forward to the next YoungMito meeting.
Risk factors for loss to follow‐up, transfer or death among people living with HIV on their first antiretroviral therapy regimen in Mali
Authors: Baldé A , Lièvre L , Maiga AI , Diallo F , Maiga IA , Costagliola D , Abgrall S 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesRisk factors for loss to follow‐up (LTFU) were assessed for people living with HIV (PLHIV) at various reference out‐patient clinics (expertise level II) and hospitals (expertise level III) in Mali.MethodsHIV‐1‐positive adults starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2006–2013 were eligible for inclusion. Risk factors for LTFU, defined as no visit in the 6 months preceding the last database update, were assessed with the Cox model, taking into account the competing risks of transfer and death. Potential risk factors at the start of ART were demographic and socioeconomic variables, World Health Organization (WHO) stage, CD4 count, period of ART initiation, type of ART, region of care, expertise level and distance from home.ResultsWe included 9821 PLHIV, 33% of whom were male, starting ART at nine out‐patient clinics and seven hospitals [five and two in the capital Bamako and four and five in the ‘regions’ (i.e. districts outside the capital), respectively] with a median (interquartile range) CD4 count of 153 (56–270) cells/μL. Five‐year cumulative incidences of LTFU, transfer and death were 35.2, 9.7 and 6.7%, respectively. People followed at Bamako hospitals > 5 km from home, at regional hospitals or at regional out‐patient clinics < 5 km from home were at higher risk of LTFU than people followed at Bamako out‐patient clinics, whereas people followed at regional out‐patient clinics 5–50 km away from home were at lower risk for LTFU. Deaths were less frequent at hospitals, whether in Bamako or in the regions, than at Bamako out‐patient clinics, and more frequent at regional out‐patient clinics.ConclusionsExpertise level and distance to care were associated with LTFU. Stigmatization may play a role for PLHIV living close to the centres in the regions.
Dynamic changes in flavonol glycosides during production of green, yellow, white, oolong and black teas from Camellia sinensis L. (cv. Fudingdabaicha)
Authors: Fang Zhou‐Tao , Song Chu‐Jun , Xu Hai‐Rong , Ye Jian‐Hui 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFlavonol glycosides with low thresholds are important flavour substances in tea leaves. This study monitored the dynamic changes in flavonol glycosides during the production of different teas. The fresh leaves of cv. Fudingdabaicha with 15.77 mg g−1 of total flavonol glycosides (TFG) were respectively processed into green, yellow, white, oolong and black teas. A reduction of TFG was observed for different teas, amongst which black tea contained the lowest level of TFG (9.83 mg g−1), followed by oolong tea (11.96 mg g−1), while green, yellow and white teas contained similar levels of TFG (~13.70 mg g−1). Fixation was crucial to maintain the stability of flavonol glycosides due to its inactivation effect on enzymes at high temperature. Principal component analysis results indicated that flavonol glycosides were vulnerable to fermentation, and the stabilities of flavonol glycosides were related with aglycone and glycoside moiety.
Hormonal control and target genes of ftz‐f1 expression in the honeybee Apis mellifera: a positive loop linking juvenile hormone, ftz‐f1, and vitellogenin
Authors: Mello T. R. P. , Aleixo A. C. , Pinheiro D. G. , Nunes F. M. F. , Cristino A. S. , Bitondi M. M. G. , Barchuk A. R. , Simões Z. L. P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFtz‐f1 is an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. A 20‐hydroxyecdysone pulse allows ftz‐f1 gene expression, which then regulates the activity of downstream genes involved in major developmental progression events. In honeybees, the expression of genes like vitellogenin (vg), prophenoloxidase and juvenile hormone‐esterase during late pharate‐adult development is known to be hormonally controlled in both queens and workers by increasing juvenile hormone (JH) titres in the presence of declining levels of ecdysteroids. Since Ftz‐f1 is known for mediating intracellular JH signalling, we hypothesized that ftz‐f1 could mediate JH action during the pharate‐adult development of honeybees, thus controlling the expression of these genes. Here, we show that ftz‐f1 has caste‐specific transcription profiles during this developmental period, with a peak coinciding with the increase in JH titre, and that its expression is upregulated by JH and downregulated by ecdysteroids. RNAi‐mediated knock down of ftz‐f1 showed that the expression of genes essential for adult development (e.g. vg and cuticular genes) depends on ftz‐f1 expression. Finally, a double‐repressor hypothesis‐inspired vg gene knock‐down experiment suggests the existence of a positive molecular loop between JH, ftz‐f1 and vg.
Becoming more or less mature? The decline of self‐control in middle childhood
Authors: Ong Xiang Ling , Hong Ryan Y. , Tsai Fen‐Fang , Tan Seok Hui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the developmental change in self‐control and its association with daily stressful events during middle childhood, as well as the factors that contribute to individual differences in the trajectory of self‐control.MethodA community sample of 302 Singaporean children (42% female, 69% Chinese) and their parents were recruited when the children were age 7. Follow‐up assessments were made when the children were ages 8, 9, and 11. Developmental changes were examined using latent growth and autoregressive cross‐lagged models.ResultsSelf‐control showed a normative decline over time, and this trajectory was associated with an increase in daily stressful events. There was partial evidence for a reciprocal relationship between self‐control and daily stressful events over time. Moreover, the child temperament dimension of effortful control (assessed at age 7) mitigated the decline in self‐control, whereas low socioeconomic status predicted lower initial levels of self‐control.ConclusionsThis study advances current understanding on the developmental change in self‐control during middle childhood, as well as the factors that shape the direction and magnitude of this change.
Prevalence and association analysis of obstructive sleep apnea with gender and age differences – Results of SHIP‐Trend
Authors: Fietze Ingo , Laharnar Naima , Obst Anne , Ewert Ralf , Felix Stephan B. , Garcia Carmen , Gläser Sven , Glos Martin , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Stubbe Beate , Völzke Henry , Zimmermann Sandra , Penzel Thomas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentification of obstructive sleep apnea and risk factors is important for reduction in symptoms and cardiovascular risk, and for improvement of quality of life. The population‐based Study of Health in Pomerania investigated risk factors and clinical diseases in a general population of northeast Germany. Additional polysomnography was applied to measure sleep and respiration with the objective of assessing prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in a German cohort. One‐thousand, two‐hundred and eight people between 20 and 81 years old (54% men, median age 54 years) underwent overnight polysomnography. The estimated obstructive sleep apnea prevalence was 46% (59% men, 33% women) for an apnea–hypopnea index ≥5%, and 21% (30% men, 13% women) for an apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15. The estimated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome prevalence (apnea–hypopnea index ≥5; Epworth Sleepiness Scale >10) was 6%. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea continuously increased with age for men and women with, however, later onset for women. Gender, age, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, snoring, alcohol consumption (for women only) and self‐reported cardiovascular diseases were significantly positively associated with obstructive sleep apnea, whereas daytime sleepiness was not. Diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were positively associated with severe obstructive sleep apnea. The associations became non‐significant after adjustment for body mass. Women exhibited stronger associations than men. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea was high, with almost half the population presenting some kind of obstructive sleep apnea. The continuous increase of obstructive sleep apnea with age challenges the current theory that mortality due to obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular co‐morbidities affect obstructive sleep apnea prevalence at an advanced age. Also, gender differences regarding obstructive sleep apnea and associations are significant for recognizing obstructive sleep apnea mechanisms and therapy responsiveness.
Fluctuating food resources and home ranges in brown hyaenas living in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Maude G. , Reading R. P. , Harris S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhilst food availability influences space use by animals, how fluctuating resources influence the location of home ranges and space use patterns is little understood. In this study, we first determined the home range of brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea) living inside, and adjacent to, the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park, Botswana. We then examined home range use and how home range fidelity varied depending on the spatio‐temporal variability of available resources that were important for brown hyaenas. Finally, we determined if there was any variation in space use between male and female brown hyaenas. We found that brown hyaenas lived in well‐defined home ranges and showed strong spatial associations with other group members. Brown hyaenas shifted their seasonal home ranges to match food distribution. Hyaenas living in variable food environments demonstrated greater fluctuations in seasonal home range sizes and lower levels of home range retention than individuals from clans in more stable food environments. While home range edges remained more stable for clans located in areas with more food, they still showed a high degree of spatial plasticity in seasonal and annual movements in response to food availability and distribution over time. Clans living inside the Makgadikgadi Pans National Park did not defend an area sufficiently large to provide adequate food resources all year and individuals foraged into adjacent clan ranges when food was scarce. Hyaenas in clans outside Makgadikgadi Pans National Park lived in an area that contained adequate food resources all year. Gender did not influence space use by brown hyaenas.
Tactic‐specific sperm traits in the dusky frillgoby (Bathygobius fuscus)
Authors: Nakanishi A. , Takegaki T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSperm competition between males with different reproductive tactics can be a strong selective force that shapes the evolution of tactic‐specific reproductive traits. In fishes, sneak fertilization of the female's eggs is the most widespread male alternative reproductive tactic and sneaker males generally exhibit enlarged testes as a tactic‐specific trait due to the higher risk of sperm competition they face. In addition, traits of the sperm themselves, such as size, density, velocity and longevity, vary with reproductive tactic in some species. Here, we investigated differences in the sperm traits between males of dusky frillgoby (Bathygobius fuscus) adopting nest‐holding tactics and sneaking tactics. In this species, sneak nest intrusion lasts only a few seconds to a minute, whereas females lay eggs over several hours. A unique feature of this species is that both types of males deposit sperm‐containing mucus on the nests, from which the sperm are gradually released into the water. We found that the sperm of sneaker males are present at a higher concentration in the testes, are longer lived and decrease in velocity more gradually than the sperm of nest‐holding males, despite no differences in sperm size being detected. These tactic‐specific sperm traits of sneaker males appear to contribute enhancing their fertilization success under the limited opportunity for sneaking in this species.
Gene copy number variations involved in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) adaptive variations
Authors: Prunier Julien , Giguère Isabelle , Ryan Natalie , Guy Robert , Soolanayakanahally Raju , Isabel Nathalie , MacKay John , Porth Ilga 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGene copy number variations (CNVs) involved in phenotypic variations have already been shown in plants, but genomewide testing of CNVs for adaptive variation was not doable until recent technological developments. Thus, reports of the genomic architecture of adaptation involving CNVs remain scarce to date. Here, we investigated F1 progenies of an intraprovenance cross (north–north cross, 58th parallel) and an interprovenances cross (north–south cross, 58th/49th parallels) for CNVs using comparative genomic hybridization on arrays of probes targeting gene sequences in balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.), a widespread North American forest tree. A total of 1,721 genes were found in varying copy numbers over the set of 19,823 tested genes. These gene CNVs presented an estimated average size of 8.3 kb and were distributed over poplar's 19 chromosomes including 22 hotspot regions. Gene CNVs number was higher for the interprovenance progeny in accordance with an expected higher genetic diversity related to the composite origin of this family. Regression analyses between gene CNVs and seven adaptive trait variations resulted in 23 significant links; among these adaptive gene CNVs, 30% were located in hotspots. One‐to‐five gene CNVs were found related to each of the measured adaptive traits and annotated for both biotic and abiotic stress responses. These annotations can be related to the occurrence of a higher pathogenic pressure in the southern parts of balsam poplar's distribution, and higher photosynthetic assimilation rates and water‐use efficiency at high latitudes. Overall, our findings suggest that gene CNVs typically having higher mutation rates than SNPs may in fact represent efficient adaptive variations against fast‐evolving pathogens.
Engagement as scholarship: Food justice in practice
Authors: MELLO CHRISTY 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe following discussion summarizes Our Kitchen Table's (OKT) food justice project and how I used research methodology to support their community capacity building efforts toward systems change. I also compared and contrasted the work of OKT with that of other food security initiatives in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Time spent doing fieldwork with OKT led me to the conclusion that research should prioritize supporting the implementation of community‐driven solutions. Otherwise, similar to organizations with a top‐down focus, those with ties to the academy, often predictably impose an outside agenda. I explain how this occurrence can be avoided through the use of OKT's preferred method for interacting with researchers, what is referred to as a community‐owned and managed research (COMR) model. Further related discussion highlights the importance of reciprocity, restructuring tenure requirements to support engagement as scholarship, and ensuring the relevance of anthropology as a discipline.
Network meta‐analysis of the relative efficacy of bariatric surgeries for diabetes remission
Authors: Kodama S. , Fujihara K. , Horikawa C. , Harada M. , Ishiguro H. , Kaneko M. , Furukawa K. , Matsubayashi Y. , Matsunaga S. , Shimano H. , Tanaka S. , Kato K. , Sone H. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundBariatric surgery leads to a higher remission rate for type 2 diabetes mellitus than non‐surgical treatment. However, it remains unsolved which surgical procedure is the most efficacious. This network meta‐analysis aimed to rank surgical procedures in terms of diabetes remission.Methods and findingsWe electronically searched for randomized controlled trials in which at least one surgical treatment was included among multiple arms and the diabetes remission rate was included in study outcomes. A random‐effects network meta‐analysis was performed within a frequentist framework. The hierarchy of treatments was expressed as the surface under the cumulative ranking curve value. Results of the analysis of 25 eligible randomized controlled trials that covered non‐surgical treatments and eight surgical procedures (biliopancreatic diversion [BPD], BPD with duodenal switch, Roux‐en Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass [mini‐GBP], laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, greater curvature plication and duodenal‐jejunal bypass) showed that BPD and mini‐GBP had the highest surface under the cumulative ranking curve values among the eight surgical treatments.ConclusionCurrent network meta‐analysis indicated that BPD or mini‐GBP achieved higher diabetes remission rates than the other procedures. However, the result needs to be interpreted with caution considering that these procedures were in the minority of bariatric surgeries.