bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The iHOPE-20 study: Relationships between and prospective predictors of remission, clinical recovery, personal recovery and resilience 20 years on from a first episode psychosis
Authors: O’Keeffe Donal , Hannigan Ailish , Doyle Roisin , Kinsella Anthony , Sheridan Ann , Kelly Aine , Madigan Kevin , Lawlor Elizabeth , Clarke Mary 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Knowledge of outcome in psychotic illness is limited by the paucity of very long-term epidemiologically representative studies of incidence first episode psychosis (FEP) cohorts that measure and compare outcomes reflecting modern clinical practice, mental health policy and research agendas. Our study aimed to address this gap. Method: iHOPE-20 is a prospective 20-year follow-up study of a FEP incidence cohort ( N = 171) conducted between 2014 and 2017 in Ireland. Data from previous studies and medical records were used to recruit cohort members. We assessed remission, clinical recovery, personal recovery and resilience at 20 years; explored the relationships between these outcomes and examined the predictive value of baseline characteristics in determining them. Results: At follow-up, 20 out of 171 cohort members (11.70%) were deceased. We assessed 80 out of 151 alive cohort members (53% recruitment rate); 65% were in remission; 35.2% were in Full Functional Recovery and 53.7% confirmed they were fully recovered according to their personal definition of recovery. A complex array of relationships between outcomes was found. Outcomes were better for people who had a short duration of untreated psychosis, displayed higher premorbid social adjustment (between the ages of 5–11) and at baseline, were older, not living alone, in full-time employment, given a non-affective diagnosis, and had lower Global Assessment of Functioning scores. Conclusion: Among participants, full remission of psychotic symptoms and personally defined recovery was not just possible but likely in the very long term. However, attaining positive functional outcomes and building resilience in FEP remain key challenges for mental health services.
Syndromic Surveillance of Emergency Department Visits for Acute Adverse Effects of Marijuana, Tri-County Health Department, Colorado, 2016-2017
Authors: Marx Grace E. , Chen Yushiuan , Askenazi Michele , Albanese Bernadette A. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: In Colorado, legalization of recreational marijuana in 2014 increased public access to marijuana and might also have led to an increase in emergency department (ED) visits. We examined the validity of using syndromic surveillance data to detect marijuana-associated ED visits by comparing the performance of surveillance queries with physician-reviewed medical records. Methods: We developed queries of combinations of marijuana-specific International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnostic codes or keywords. We applied these queries to ED visit data submitted through the Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-Based Epidemics (ESSENCE) syndromic surveillance system at 3 hospitals during 2016-2017. One physician reviewed the medical records of ED visits identified by ≥1 query and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) of each query. We defined cases of acute adverse effects of marijuana (AAEM) as determined by the ED provider’s clinical impression during the visit. Results: Of 44 942 total ED visits, ESSENCE queries detected 453 (1%) as potential AAEM cases; a review of 422 (93%) medical records identified 188 (45%) true AAEM cases. Queries using ICD-10 diagnostic codes or keywords in the triage note identified all true AAEM cases; PPV varied by hospital from 36% to 64%. Of the 188 true AAEM cases, 109 (58%) were among men and 178 (95%) reported intentional use of marijuana. Compared with noncases of AAEM, cases were significantly more likely to be among non-Colorado residents than among Colorado residents and were significantly more likely to report edible marijuana use rather than smoked marijuana use ( P < .001). Conclusions: ICD-10 diagnostic codes and triage note keyword queries in ESSENCE, validated by medical record review, can be used to track ED visits for AAEM.
An Analysis of Parents' Reports on Educational Services for Their Children with Albinism
Authors: Corn Anne L. , Lusk Kelly E. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction The purpose of this study was to gain information from parents in the United States about their children with albinism. The first article (in this issue) focused on the data from this study that addressed medical and low vision care. This article focuses on information and services related to the education of children with albinism. Methods An online questionnaire was used to collect data for this study from parents of children with albinism. Representing 223 children with albinism from 40 states in the U.S., 192 parents completed surveys and had opportunities to submit additional information. Results A snapshot of the data indicates that, as a whole, parents perceive their children to do well academically, but they experience social and emotional challenges; 98 children were receiving direct instruction from a teacher of students with visual impairments and 84 were receiving consultation services. Although parents were generally satisfied with their level of involvement in the development of their children's education plans, many could not provide key information about the assessments their children had received, their children's reading rates, or the services with which their children were being provided. Discussion These data illuminate the fact that, despite the premise of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA, 2004) that parents be equal partners in the education of their children with special needs, these parents of children with albinism were not as informed about the assessments and services that their children were receiving as might be expected. Findings also suggest the possibility that students with albinism may not be receiving appropriate educational services to address the limitations imposed by their low vision. In particular, it appears that these students, most of whom will be non-drivers, are not receiving orientation and mobility services. In addition, there was evidence that over half of these children may not be receiving instruction in the use of low vision devices. Implications for practitioners The data gathered in this study provide directions for educators who work with children who have albinism and their families, as well as for those who design and administer services for children with visual impairments. Based on these reports from parents, it appears that children with albinism are not being assessed in the areas key to understanding their functioning and, although as a group they are doing well academically, other needs related to the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) are not being addressed as frequently. Teachers of students with visual impairments may want to be more explicit when describing to parents the assessments on which their educational recommendations are being made. Further research is needed to determine if children with low vision are being provided with educational services based on educational assessments and needs or if other administrative factors are driving these services.
Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Difference: The Experiences of Eight Adults with Albinism in Puerto Rico
Authors: Estrada-Hernandez Noel 
Published: February 2019

Introduction This article explored the experiences of eight persons with albinism in Puerto Rico in their quest for educational, social, and employment opportunities. Methods Volunteers participated in structured interviews that yielded the information presented in this article. Results Four main areas were identified that best described the stories of these participants: knowledge of and attitudes toward albinism, resilience and other supports, the challenges of albinism, and current needs. Discussion It is clear from the participants' stories that physical attributes are still a prime factor in determining a variety of interactions for persons with albinism, many with potential effects on quality of life. Implications for practitioners This article contributes to the literature documenting psychosocial aspects of the albinism condition. It provides evidence that environmental barriers and attitudes generally affect interactions with persons with albinism, knowledge that can be used by professionals who work with individuals with albinism.
Evaluation of Eyelander, a Video Game Designed to Engage Children and Young People with Homonymous Visual Field Loss in Compensatory Training
Authors: Waddington Jonathan , Linehan Conor , Gerling Kathrin , Williams Cathy , Robson Leonie , Ellis Richard , Hodgson Timothy 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Rehabilitation can improve visual outcomes for adults with acquired homonymous visual field loss. It is unclear, however, whether rehabilitation improves visual outcomes for children because previous training schedules have been tiresome, uninteresting, and have failed to keep them engaged. In this study, we assessed whether children and young people with homonymous visual field loss would adhere to six weeks of unsupervised compensatory training using a specialized video game. Methods Participants aged between 7 and 25 years with homonymous visual field loss completed tabletop assessments of visual search across four site visits. Two baseline assessments separated by four weeks evaluated spontaneous improvements before training began. Participants were then given a copy of the video game to use unsupervised at home for six weeks. Two follow-up assessments separated by four weeks were then conducted to evaluate immediate and acutely maintained effects of training. Results Fifteen candidates met the inclusion-exclusion criteria, nine participated, and eight completed the study. Participants completed an average of 5.6 hours of unsupervised training over the six weeks. Improvements on in-game metrics plateaued during week three of training. The time taken to find objects during tabletop activities improved by an average of 24%–95% CI (2%, 46%)—after training. Discussion The findings demonstrate that children and young people with homonymous visual field loss will engage with gamified compensatory training, and it can improve visual outcomes with less of a time commitment than has been required of adults participating in non-gamified training in previous studies. Appropriately powered, randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the validity and generalizability of observed training effects. Implications for practitioners Rehabilitation specialists can use specialist video games and gamification technique to engage children and young people with homonymous visual field loss in long-term unsupervised training schedules.
Effectiveness of Using Local Cues to Indicate Perspective in Tactile Diagrams for People with Visual Impairments
Authors: Nguyen Andrea M. , Ferro Tyler J. , Pawluk Dianne T. V. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction This study presents and evaluates the use of a method using local cues to indicate perspective in tactile diagrams as compared to the current use of visual perspective methods. Methods Perspective for an object using local cues is represented with standard visual perspective lines but with the thickness of the lines varying as a function of depth away from the viewer. Performance of visually impaired study participants (that is, those who are blind or have low vision), using the new method and the standard visual perspective method, were compared as functions of: onset of vision loss of a participant, perspective method used, repetition, and object and perspective of an object presented. Results For the main task, the method used—Wald χ2(1, 585) = 7.147, p = 0.008—and the method-repetition interaction—Wald χ2(1, 585) = 4.272, p = 0.039—had significant effects. Participants performed better with our new method and there was a significant improvement for (only) this method between repetitions. Discussion The findings demonstrate that our new method improved the performance of users for tasks involving perspective on diagrams over the standard visual perspective method. The data also indicates that with more repetition, improvement could become even greater than observed during this study. Implications for practitioners Perspective frequently plays a critical role in aiding the understanding of questions in mathematics and science. Adding local cues to a standard perspective diagram shows promise in improving users' ability to interpret objects.
Toxicologic Pathology Forum*: Opinion on Integrating Innovative Digital Pathology Tools in the Regulatory Framework
Authors: Gauthier Béatrice E. , Gervais Frédéric , Hamm Gregory , O’Shea Donal , Piton Alain , Schumacher Vanessa L. 
Published: February 2019

Digital pathology is defined as the ability to examine digitized microscopic slides and to generate qualitative and quantitative data. The field of digital pathology is rapidly evolving and has the potential to revolutionize toxicologic pathology. Techniques such as automated 2-D image analysis, whole slide imaging, and telepathology are already considered “mature” technologies and have been used for decades in exploratory studies; however, many organizations are reluctant to use digital pathology in regulatory toxicology studies. Innovative technologies using digitized slides including high-content imaging modalities and artificial intelligence are still under development but are increasingly used in toxicologic pathology. While software validation requirements are already described, clear guidance for application of these rules to the digital pathology field are few and the acceptance of these technologies by regulatory authorities remains necessary for successful adoption of digital pathology into the mainstream of toxicologic pathology. This topic was discussed during a roundtable at the 2018 Annual Congress of the French Society of Toxicologic Pathology. This opinion article summarizes the discussion regarding the current questions and challenges on the integration of innovative digital pathology tools within a good laboratory practice framework and is meant to stimulate further discussion among the toxicologic pathology community. [Box: see text]
The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment: a study of the reliability, construct validity and responsiveness in patients sustaining trauma
Authors: de Graaf Max W , Reininga Inge HF , Wendt Klaus W , Heineman Erik , El Moumni Mostafa 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To assess test–retest reliability, construct validity and responsiveness of the Dutch Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA-NL) in patients who sustained acute physical trauma. Design: A longitudinal cohort study. Setting: A level 1 trauma center in The Netherlands. Subjects: Patients who required hospital admission after sustaining an acute physical trauma. Intervention: Patients completed the SMFA-NL at six weeks, eight weeks and six months post-injury. Main measure: The measures used were The Dutch Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment. Test–retest reliability (between six and eight weeks post-injury) using intraclass correlation coefficients, the smallest detectable change and Bland and Altman plots. Construct validity (six weeks post-injury) and responsiveness (between six weeks and six months post-injury) were evaluated using the hypothesis testing method. Results: A total of 248 patients (mean age: 46.5, SD: 13.4) participated, 145 patients completed the retest questionnaires (eight weeks) and 160 patients completed the responsiveness questionnaires (six months). The intraclass correlation coefficients indicated good to excellent reliability on all subscales (0.80 to 0.98). The smallest detectable change was 17.4 for the Upper Extremity Dysfunction subscale, 11.0 for the Lower Extremity Dysfunction subscales, 13.9 for the Problems with Daily Activities subscale and 16.5 for the Mental and Emotional Problems subscale. At group level, the smallest detectable change ranged from 1.48 to 1.96. A total of 86% of the construct validity hypotheses and 79% of the responsiveness hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion: This study showed that the SMFA-NL has good to excellent reliability, sufficient construct validity and is able to detect change in physical function over time.
Apparent diffusion coefficients are closely related with high-risk human papilloma virus infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhou Guoxing , Chen Xiao , Shen Ru , Xu Jun , Wang Yibin , Yu Hong 
Published: February 2019

Background Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a functional modality that indirectly represents the biological characteristics of cancer. However, the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) to HPV type in patients with cervical cancer is still unknown. Purpose To explore the relationship between apparent diffusion coefficients calculated by DW-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) patients. Material and Methods A total of 315 patients with histologically proven CSCC and who underwent pretreatment MRI were retrospectively analyzed. ADCs on the primary tumor were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to determine the cut-off values of ADCmean and accuracy of prediction. Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression models were adopted to show the association of HR-HPV infection with clinical and imaging variables. Results ADCmean for HR-HPV+ CSCC was significantly lower than those for HR-HPV- CSCC. The area under the curve was 0.805 for predicting HR-HPV+ infection using mean ADCs. A cut-off value of 0.885 × 10−3 mm2/s for mean ADCS could distinguish HR-HPV+ from HR-HPV- CSCC with 83.3% sensitivity, 73.9% specificity, and 80.8% accuracy. Regression analysis revealed that the HR-HPV infection was closely associated with tumor ADC value (odds ratio [OR] = 5.588, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.371–9.262), FIGO stage (OR = 2.789, 95% CI = 1.631–4.769), and histological grade (OR = 2.333, 95% CI = 1.676–3.247). Conclusion ADC value is related with the HR-HPV infection in patients with CSCC and DWI may be used for predicting HR-HPV infection in patients with CSCC.
Role of irisin in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism: an interventional study
Authors: Yang Ning , Zhang Heng , Gao Xia , Miao Li , Yao Zhi , Xu Yuan , Wang Guang 
Published: February 2019

Objective Irisin is a myokine that greatly affects energy expenditure and systemic metabolism. While thyroid hormone is likely associated with irisin, a direct relationship remains to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate plasma irisin levels in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism. Methods A total of 155 subjects were divided into the hypothyroidism group or the control group. Fifty-seven patients in the hypothyroidism group received levothyroxine treatment. Baseline irisin levels were measured in the two groups and post-treatment levels were measured in the hypothyroidism group. Results Irisin levels were significantly lower in the hypothyroidism group than in the control group. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were positively associated with free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine levels, and negatively associated with thyrotropin levels. In the hypothyroidism group, irisin levels were significantly increased after levothyroxine treatment. Multiple linear regression models showed that total cholesterol and free thyroxine levels were the only significant predictors of serum irisin levels. Conclusions Irisin levels are decreased in patients with hypothyroidism. Our results suggest that decreased irisin levels are directly associated with reduced thyroid hormone levels. These values may be restored after levothyroxine treatment in Chinese patients with hypothyroidism.
Relative bioavailability of an extemporaneously prepared aprepitant oral suspension in healthy adults
Authors: Patel Priya , Nathan Paul C , Walker Scott E , Zupanec Sue , Volpe Jocelyne , Dupuis L Lee 
Published: February 2019

Purpose Use of aprepitant for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting prophylaxis in patients unable to swallow capsules is hindered by the lack of a commercially available oral liquid formulation in many jurisdictions. A stable oral suspension can be extemporaneously prepared using commercially available capsules. We aimed to determine the bioavailability of this aprepitant suspension relative to the capsule. Methods This two-period crossover study enrolled 17 healthy adult volunteers. Volunteers received a single 125 mg aprepitant dose during each study period. Order of formulation presentation (capsule vs suspension first) was randomized. Thirteen blood samples were collected over a 48-h period. Aprepitant plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Relative bioavailability was defined as the geometric least squares mean ratio for area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity of the aprepitant suspension versus the capsule. Bioequivalence, defined as per Health Canada guidelines, was assessed as a secondary aim. Results Relative bioavailability of the aprepitant suspension was 82.3% (90% CI: 69.09-98.00%). Bioequivalence was not established: geometric least squares mean ratios (suspension/capsule) for AUC time zero to 48 h and maximum concentration were 87.8% (90% CI: 75.48–102.16%) and 86.1% (90% CI: 75.59–98.16%), respectively. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions With a relative bioavailability of 82.3%, the extemporaneous aprepitant oral suspension was well-absorbed relative to the capsule. Though not bioequivalent to the oral capsule, the clinical use of this aprepitant oral suspension in adult and pediatric patients unable to swallow capsules is likely to be effective and safe.
Electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in feline spontaneous chronic kidney disease
Authors: Giraldi Marco , Paltrinieri Saverio , Scarpa Paola 
Published: February 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the electrophoretic patterns of proteinuria in cats at risk of and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to investigate whether the presence of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins were associated with CKD, proteinuria and/or disease progression. Methods Healthy cats at risk of developing renal disease (n = 17) and cats affected with CKD at different stages (n = 22) were prospectively enrolled and sampled over time. Seventy urine samples were included and assayed with a commercially available sodium dodecyl sulfate–agarose gel electrophoresis (SDS-AGE) method. Each sample (gel lane) was inspected to identify albumin, HMW and LMW proteins, and an electrophoretic pattern (albuminuria, glomerular, tubular, mixed or negative) was assigned accordingly. Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the distribution of HMW and LMW proteins in cats grouped according to International Renal Interest Society stage and to the magnitude of proteinuria, and to assess if HMW and LMW proteins at the time of inclusion were associated with the development and progression of CKD. Results In samples of cats at risk, the most common pattern was glomerular (84.6%); glomerular pattern was also common in cats with CKD (54.2%), although mixed proteinuria and tubular proteinuria were also present (29.5% and 11.4%, respectively). The presence of LMW proteins was associated with CKD ( P <0.0001) and to a urine protein:creatinine ratio >0.2 ( P = 0.025). Both HMW and LMW proteins were not associated with progression of CKD within 6 months (n = 14). Conclusions and relevance Our results showed that HMW proteinuria is common in healthy cats at risk of developing CKD, although the pathological significance needs to be confirmed. The detection of LMW proteins in urine of cats suspected to be affected by CKD, especially in non-azotaemic, non-proteinuric or borderline proteinuric cats, suggests the presence of kidney damage.