bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РЕСУРСОВ БОРЕАЛЬНЫХ И НЕМОРАЛЬНЫХ ЛЕСОВ ВОЛЖСКОГО БАССЕЙНА В СМЯГЧЕНИИ ГЛОБАЛЬНОГО ПОТЕПЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Э.Г. КОЛОМЫЦ 
Published: November 2024

Представлен прогнозный ландшафтно-экологический анализ лесного покрова Волжского бассейна. Освещена проблема поглощения парниковых газов экосистемами и их адаптации к глобальному потеплению, решение которой соответствует целям Парижского соглашения по изменению климата (2015 г.). Эмпирически обоснованы известные концептуальные положения о способности экологических ресурсов лесного покрова дополнительно поглощать парниковые газы с помощью механизмов регуляции углеродного цикла при изменениях климата. Установлен адсорбционный потенциал коренных и производных бореальных и неморальных лесов, оценена их способность смягчать климатические изменения, в том числе снижать антропогенное потепление. Проведена количественная оценка потери экологических ресурсов лесами Волжского бассейна, связанной с интенсивным развитием лесо- и землепользования. Выявлены контрастные изменения экологических ресурсов бореальных и неморальных лесов при их структурной трансформации в процессе глобального потепления. Верификация прогнозных расчетов углеродного баланса, проведенная по дистанционным и наземным измерениям в бореальных лесах Центральной Канады в первое десятилетие современного потепления, дала положительные результаты.
A forecast landscape-ecological analysis is made of the forest cover of the Volga River basin, with a focus on the problem of absorption of greenhouse gases by ecosystems and their adaptation to global warming, the solution of which is in line with the goals set in the Paris (2015) Agreement. Empirically substantiated are the well-known conceptual provisions on the capacity of the ecological resources of forest cover to additionally absorb greenhouse gases using the mechanisms of regulating the carbon cycle under climate change. The absorption potential of indigenous and derivatives of boreal and nemoral forests has been established, and their ability to mitigate climate changes, including reducing anthropogenic warming, has been evaluated. A quantitative assessment is made of the loss of environmental resources by the forests of the Volga River basin since the beginning of intensive forest and land use in it. Contrasting changes in the ecological resources of boreal and nemoral forests in the process of their structure transformation due to global warming were revealed. A verification of the forecast calculations of the carbon balance, carried out on the basis of remote sensing and ground-based measurements in the boreal forests of Central Canada, gave positive results only in the first decades of current warming.
Exercise Interventions and Intelligence in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Morales Javier S. , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Martínez-de-Quel Óscar , Sánchez-Sánchez Juan Luis , Muntaner-Mas Adrià , Erickson Kirk I. , Carbonell-Baeza Ana , Ortega Francisco B. , Jiménez-Pavón David 
Published: November 2024

CONTEXT
Mixed evidence exists on whether physical exercise interventions influence intelligence measures in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of exercise interventions on intelligence in children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES
Relevant articles were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus (until February 22, 2024).

STUDY SELECTION
Randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of exercise interventions on intelligence in youth (≤19 years).

DATA EXTRACTION
A random-effects meta-analysis was performed for intelligence measures reported in ≥3 studies. Subanalyses examined the moderating effect of variables such as participants’ intelligence quotient (IQ), age, or intervention duration.

RESULTS
Fourteen randomized controlled trials (n = 3203 participants; age range = 5–14 years) were included. Exercise interventions significantly improved general intelligence compared with control groups (standardized mean difference = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11–0.97, P = .01), which corresponded to a mean improvement in the IQ score of 4.0 points (95% CI = 1.44–6.64, P = .01). Significant benefits of exercise interventions were also observed for fluid intelligence (standard mean difference = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06–0.34, P = .006). Crystallized intelligence could not be meta-analyzed because of a lack of studies. Subanalyses revealed similar benefits in participants with low/borderline versus normal IQ, children versus adolescents, and interventions with different durations.

LIMITATIONS
The heterogeneity observed in the characteristics of the exercise interventions and the populations included can be a potential confounding factor.

CONCLUSIONS
Exercise interventions are associated with improvements in intelligence (including both general and fluid intelligence) in youth.
Особливості зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного комплексу
Authors: Ткачук Денис 
Published: November 2024

Актуальність. Необхідність використання державою ефективних інструментів управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного сектору є основою суттєвих трансформацій на шляху до розвитку промислового потенціалу нашої країни, а також зміцнення її економічного та геополітичного становища. У зв’язку з цим актуальності набуває поглиблене вивчення закордонного досвіду у сфері публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівних підприємств для формування ефективних рекомендацій щодо адаптації такої практики для удосконалення функціонування машинобудівного комплексу України.
Метою дослідження є вивчення та систематизація найбільш успішних практик зарубіжних країн щодо публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю у секторі машинобудування та визначення можливостей імплементації закордонного досвіду в Україні.
Результати. На основі проведеного дослідження зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівного комплексу було розроблено модель механізму імплементації зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю у сфері машинобудування в Україні. Встановлено, що запропонована модель, як форма реалізації державної політики, повинна включати використання та посилення всіх інструментів, що здатні привести національний машинобудівний комплекс до виходу із кризи та розвитку.
Висновки. В ході вивчення успішної практики зарубіжних країн щодо управління фінансовою діяльністю машинобудівних підприємств було розроблено модель механізму імплементації зарубіжного досвіду публічного управління фінансовою діяльністю в сфері машинобудування в Україні, яка дасть можливість прискорено та ефективно впровадити в систему державного управління такі інструменти та стимули, які виведуть провідні вітчизняні машинобудівні компанії з фінансової кризи та сприятимуть інноваційному розвитку галузі.
Artificial intelligence: basic terms and concepts, the application in healthcare and clinical medicine
Authors: Lamotkin A. I. , Korabelnikov D. I. , Lamotkin I. A. 
Published: November 2024

Objective: to explore the potential and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in clinical medicine and healthcare, and to determine the prospects for its implementation to improve diagnosis, treatment, and medical data management.Material and methods. A literature review on the main terms and concepts of AI, its classification by application area, technologies, and methodologies was carried out. The learning methods such as supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning were considered, as well as examples of AI application in various areas of medicine, including disease diagnosis and personalized medicine.Results. AI shows significant potential in improving diagnosis, optimizing treatment processes, and managing healthcare resources. Main application areas are related to medical image analysis, developing individualized treatment plans, and healthcare management. However, using AI faces challenges such as data availability and bias, fragmentation of systems, and complexity of algorithm interpretation.Conclusion. Despite the existing challenges, the implementation of AI in medicine has great prospects, including improved diagnostic accuracy, reduced task completion time, and development of personalized medicine. It is important to consider the ethical aspects and the demand for further study of AI application in medicine to achieve the best results.
A Importância da Mediação na Redução da Evasão no Ensino Superior à Distância: o Caso de uma Universidade Pública
Authors: Garanito Paula Verônica Antunes , Di Marco Cláudio Augusto Ferreira , Cajuela Alexandre Rodrigues , Prununciati Pedro Lucas , Novi Juliana Chiaretti 
Published: November 2024

O aumento da oferta dos cursos superiores de educação à distância no Brasil demanda às instituições de ensino o constante desafio de reduzir a evasão dos alunos. Existem instituições que investem no desenvolvimento de seus ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem e na formação docente. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar se os conteúdos propostos no curso de Especialização do Programa de Pós-Graduação latu sensu em Processos Didático-pedagógicos para Cursos na Modalidade à Distância de uma Universidade Pública podem contribuir para a redução da evasão no ensino superior à distância. As metodologias utilizadas foram: revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e estudo comparado. Assim, buscou-se entender a construção dos conteúdos propostos no curso estudado, além de apresentar as principais causas da evasão no ensino público superior à distância relacionadas com a formação dos mediadores nesse curso e identificar suas contribuições para a retenção dos alunos. Como resultados, identificou-se que 50% das causas da evasão se devem aos cursos e conteúdos, 33% à estrutura e suporte das universidades e 17% ao ambiente escolar. Todos os motivos de desistência listados estão relacionados às habilidades esperadas dos especialistas – facilitadores – egressos. Portanto, considera-se que os conteúdos propostos no curso analisado puderam contribuir na redução da evasão na Universidade Pública estudada. Apesar da importância dos resultados, eles não são generalizáveis, entretanto, eles podem contribuir para discussões sobre a importância da mediação na redução da evasão nos cursos superiores à distância, investimentos e metodologias de ensino digital.

Palavras-chave: Ensino à distância. Curso de especialização. Mediação. Evasão escolar.
Educação a Distância e Qualidade: Pauta Urgente para as Políticas Públicas na Educação Superior
Authors: Maieski Alessandra , Casagrande Ana Lara , Morosov Alonso Katia 
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho consiste em uma análise de documento de fonte primária relativa aos dados da Educação a Distância (EaD) no Brasil, com especial atenção à crescente atuação do setor privado na modalidade. Objetiva-se discutir as formas pelas quais a qualidade da EaD tem sido vinculada a uma narrativa difamatória, na qual “a parte”, que utiliza essa modalidade para lucrar mais com a massividade e formação aligeirada, é considerada como “o todo” do fazer EaD no Brasil. As universidades públicas desempenham um papel social, também via EaD, que não pode ser desprezado, além de algumas instituições privadas que desenvolvem um trabalho comprometido com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de qualidade. Os dados do Censo da Educação Superior de 2022 e de 2023 indicam que o setor privado responde por 96,2% do total geral de vagas de cursos de graduação, sendo que a EaD representa 75,2% desse total. A evolução do número de cursos de graduação a distância se destaca nos anos de 2017 para 2018, com um crescimento expressivo de 50,71%. Ao longo de 22 anos, a EaD cresceu 91.760% no Brasil. Durante esse período de expansão, de 2013 a 2023, as vagas em cursos de graduação da EaD aumentaram 541%, enquanto as do ensino presencial encolheram. A análise realizada indica que, do ponto de vista das políticas públicas, é fundamental resgatar o princípio da EaD, a necessidade de institucionalização com previsão de estruturação e financiamento, além de direcionar o foco para a formação socialmente referenciada.

Palavras-chave:Educação superior. Educação a distância. Eadização. Qualidade.
Czytanie interaktywnych obrazów
Authors: Prajzner Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Gry komputerowe są obecnie jednymi z najgwałtowniej i najciekawiej rozwijających się mediów. Książka łączy w sobie perspektywy badawcze teorii gier, filmu i literatury, groznawstwa aby dyskutować o tym, czym gry komputerowe są, w jaki sposób tworzą się relacje między nimi a graczami, a przede wszystkim jak funkcjonują one jak teksty i tworzą znaczenia. Są w niej również zaproponowane narzędzia analityczne dotyczące zarówno ich warstwy tekstowej, jak i procesu recepcji, ukazując w jaki sposób na styku tych strategii badawczych rodzi się bardziej zrozumiały obraz grywalnych tekstów oraz kultur, które się wokół nich tworzą. Jednym z problemów poruszanych w książce jest kwestia przestrzennych własności gier, które mogą ewokować opowiadania ze względu na angażujące oraz interpretacyjne procesy, którym podlega gracz oraz że możliwym jest postrzeganie środowiska gry nie tylko jako wizualnego spektaklu, ale lokacji, która generuje znaczenie. W książce pojawia się także zagadnienie tworzenia medialnych reprezentacji światów, które generują opowiadania oraz dostarczają różnorodnych sposobów ich doświadczania, będąc głosem w dyskusji wokół problematyki związanej ze świadomą medialnie narratologią.
Extracellular vesicles of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PCM 2675 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PCM 489: an introductory characteristic
Authors: Kowalik Katarzyna , Kulig Kamila , Karnas Elzbieta , Barczyk-Woznicka Olga , Zuba-Surma Ewa , Pyza Elzbieta , Rapala-Kozik Maria , Karkowska-Kuleta Justyna 
Published: November 2024

Aim: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in intercellular and interkingdom communication in the complex communities that constitute the niche-specific microbiome of the colonized host. Therefore, studying the structure and content of EVs produced by resident bacteria is crucial to understanding their functionality and impact on the host and other microorganisms.
Methods: Bacterial EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation, their size and concentration were measured by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis, and the cargo proteins were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The cytotoxicity of bacterial EVs was tested using the human epithelial cell line A549 and an in vivo model of Galleria mellonella larvae.
Results: The isolation and preliminary characteristics of EVs from two strains of lactic acid bacteria - Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PCM 2675 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PCM 489 - were presented, confirming the production of vesicular structures with sizes in the range of 50-170 nm for L. plantarum and 80-250 nm for L. rhamnosus . In addition, various proteins were identified within EVs cargo, with distinct locations of origin, including membrane, cytoplasmic and extracellular proteins, and with diverse functions, including enzymes with confirmed proteolytic activity. Furthermore, bacterial EVs did not show statistically significant cytotoxicity to the host under the tested conditions.
Conclusions : A better understanding of the composition and functionality of bacterial EVs may contribute to their future effective use in supporting human health.
Blood and Bone-Derived DNA Methylation Ages Predict Mortality After Geriatric Hip Fracture
Authors: Tarpada Sandip P. , Heid Johanna , Sun Shixiang , Lee Moonsook , Maslov Alexander , Vijg Jan , Sen Milan 
Published: November 2024

Background:
The purpose of this study was to (1) perform the first analysis of bone-derived DNA methylation, (2) compare DNA methylation clocks derived from bone with those derived from whole blood, and (3) establish a relationship between DNA methylation age and 1-year mortality within the geriatric hip fracture population.

Methods:
Patients ≥65 years old who presented to a Level-I trauma center with a hip fracture were prospectively enrolled from 2020 to 2021. Preoperative whole blood and intraoperative bone samples were collected. Following DNA extraction, RRBS (reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) libraries for methylation clock analysis were prepared. Sequencing data were analyzed using computational algorithms previously described by Horvath et al. to build a regression model of methylation (biological) age for each tissue type. Student t tests were used to analyze differences (Δ) in methylation age versus chronological age. Correlation between blood and bone methylation ages was expressed using the Pearson R coefficient.

Results:
Blood and bone samples were collected from 47 patients. DNA extraction, sequencing, and methylation analysis were performed on 24 specimens from 12 subjects. Mean age at presentation was 85.4 ± 8.65 years. There was no difference in DNA extraction yield between the blood and bone samples (p = 0.935). The mean follow-up duration was 12.4 ± 4.3 months. The mortality cohort (4 patients, 33%) showed a mean ΔAgeBone of 18.33 ± 6.47 years and mean ΔAgeBlood of 16.93 ± 4.02 years. In comparison, the survival cohort showed a significantly lower mean ΔAgeBone and ΔAgeBlood (7.86 ± 6.7 and 7.31 ± 7.71 years; p = 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). Bone-derived methylation age was strongly correlated with blood-derived methylation age (R = 0.81; p = 0.0016).

Conclusions:
Bone-derived DNA methylation clocks were found to be both feasible and strongly correlated with those derived from whole blood within a geriatric hip fracture population. Mortality was independently associated with the DNA methylation age, and that age was approximately 17 years greater than chronological age in the mortality cohort. The results of the present study suggest that prevention of advanced DNA methylation may play a key role in decreasing mortality following hip fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Revealing an Unexpectedly Low Electron Injection Threshold via Reinforced Shock Acceleration
Authors: Raptis Savvas , Lalti Ahmad , Lindberg Martin , Turner Drew , Caprioli Damiano , Burch James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Collisionless shock waves, found in supernova remnants, interstellar, stellar, and planetary environments, and laboratories, are one of nature's most powerful particle accelerators. This study combines in-situ satellite measurements with recent theoretical developments to establish a novel reinforced shock acceleration model for relativistic electrons. Our model incorporates transient structures, wave-particle interactions, and variable stellar wind conditions, operating collectively in a multiscale set of processes. We show that the electron injection threshold is on the order of suprathermal range, obtainable through multiple different phenomena abundant in various plasma environments. Our analysis demonstrates that a typical shock can consistently accelerate electrons into very high (relativistic) energy ranges, refining our comprehension of shock acceleration while providing new insight on the origin of electron cosmic rays.
Exploring the Feasibility of Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation Decontamination for Textile Cultural Heritage
Authors: LI Sijia , Zhang Guoqing , Zhou Yue , Yan Lingtong , Sun Heyang , Feng Xiangqian , Li Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Textile artifacts, which are highly susceptible to microbial deterioration, require effective decontamination as a crucial aspect of conservation. Radiation, recognized as an eco-friendly and safe method, is widely used in sterilizing medical equipment, preserving cultural relics, and food products. Electron beam irradiation, an alternative to the mainstream \(\gamma\)-irradiation, offers advantages such as high dose rates, adjustability, and equipment flexibility. Given their lower density and relatively small thickness, textile artifacts particularly benefit from electron beam irradiation, which provides efficient and controlled decontamination. However, there are still some issues that need to be resolved in the practical application of electron beam decontamination. This study aims to determine the optimal decontamination doses for different types of textile artifacts by investigating the efficacy of electron beam irradiation on the four most common types of fungi and its impact on the artifacts' substrates. Our findings indicate a significant improvement in decontamination efficacy as the dose increases up to 15 kGy. However, beyond 15 kGy, no further significant improvement in decontamination rates is observed, suggesting that complete eradication of certain resilient microbes may not be achievable even at higher doses. Below 30 kGy, cotton and linen fibers demonstrate a degree of radiation resistance, maintaining their molecular structure, mechanical properties, and color to some extent. However, noticeable color changes are observed in cotton and silk fibers at higher doses, particularly above a specific threshold. These color discrepancies can be partially mitigated through darkroom restoration. Based on our experimental results, we recommend an optimal decontamination dose below 10 kGy for preserving the integrity of cotton, silk and linen textile artifacts while ensuring effective decontamination.
Survey on the Current Status of Palliative Care for Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Japan: Analysis of Big Data of the National Insurance System
Authors: Tamba Kaichiro , Murahashi Masaki , Kurosaki Fumio , Shimizu Atsushi , Kotani Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Under the current Japanese health insurance system, patients with chronic kidney failure (CKF) are not provided additional coverage for palliative care. Moreover, little is known about the comorbidities in the patients. Thus, we aimed to investigate the status of palliative care for patients with CKF in Japan.
Methods
We used the National Database (NDB) of Health Insurance Claims and Special Health Checkups of Japan, which includes data on most Japanese insurance practices. We assessed data on deaths in 2019 with CKF listed in the injury/illness record of the NDB. Practice codes related to age, sex, disease titles, use of opioids within one month before death, use of the emergency services, invasive and life-prolonging treatment, home care, and place of death were investigated.
Result
Data of a total of 70269 patients were included. The comorbidities included malignancy (25.6%) and heart failure (25.5%). Oxycodone accounted for 68.3% of the oral opioids, whereas morphine accounted for 59.4% of the injectable opioids. The proportion of codes related to emergency care did not differ significantly between age groups. The proportion of codes related to lifesaving measures decreased linearly with age. The proportion of codes for home care and end-of-life care at home increased exponentially in the older age groups.
Conclusion
The overall incidence of malignancy among deaths with CKF might be similar to that in the general population. More than 40% of patients with CKF may be eligible for additional palliative care treatment under the current insurance system. Further developments, including improvement in the indications for opioids and the promotion of advance care planning, are expected.