bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and evaluation of cyber‐physical systems in civil engineering
Authors: Legatiuk Dmitrii , Dragos Kosmas , Smarsly Kay 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA cyber‐physical system (CPS) is a coupled system integrating computing, networking, and physical processes. Through actuation, cyber‐physical systems control the physical processes, usually with feedback loops, where the physical processes affect computing and networking processes, and vice versa. In civil engineering, the most common fields of CPS applications are structural health monitoring (SHM) and structural control. A typical CPS task is the assessment of a structure based on (i) collected measurement data and (ii) a corresponding model. However, for an accurate and precise assessment of a structure, the CPS itself must be modeled and evaluated. In this paper, a conceptual modeling and evaluation approach is proposed, in which each part of a CPS is evaluated individually. In this study, the conceptual approach is presented for modeling and evaluation of CPS in civil engineering. The evaluation is based on an abstract approach allowing a discussion of a principle (i.e. general) model structure of a CPS, identifying critical issues to be studied in more detail in future research. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real‐time model adaptation
Authors: Chen Stephanie , Büskens Christof 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSolving an engineering problem starts with the description of the problem in mathematical formulas and the identification of parameters. The generated model is then used to simulate the behavior of the underlying system. However, most systems are not static. They change over time. Thus, the model needs to be adapted to these activities otherwise the predictions are wrong.A data driven modeling method has been developed. The resulting models are adaptable in real time, which will also been shown. The approach is tested on a real application of a gas engine, which has been changed significantly by a renovation. Therefore, the old model cannot be used anymore and model updates are generated with different forgetting rates. They are compared to each other and to a new model. Using this comparison a recommendation is given which method is to be favored. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Goal Oriented Time Adaptivity using Local Error Estimates
Authors: Meisrimel Peter , Birken Philipp 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe consider adaptive time discretization methods for ordinary differential equations where one aims to control the error in a quantity of interest of the form

, with j : ℝd → ℝ. In this setting we propose a new timestep controller based on local error estimates of the quantity of interest. The new method converges when the tolerance goes to zero.We experimentally compare the new scheme with the classic norm‐based time‐adaptivity based on local error estimates as well as the dual‐weighted residual (DWR) method. The results show significantly lower efficiency for the DWR method. The local error based schemes are similarly efficient, with the new scheme showing significant improvement in some cases. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multirate finite step methods with varying step sizes
Authors: Naumann Andreas , Wensch Jörg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany partial differential equations consist of slow and fast scales. Often, the right hand side of semidiscretized PDEs can be split additively in corresponding fast and slow parts. Many methods utilise the additive splitting of these equations, like generalized additive Runge‐Kutta (GARK) methods or multirate infinitesimal step methods. The latter one treat the slow part with macro step sizes, whereas the fast part is integrated a ODE solver. The corresponding order conditions assume the exact solution of the auxiliary ODE, i.e. assume an infinite number of small steps. We extend the MIS approach by fixing the number of steps, which leads to the multirate finite steps (MFS) method. The order conditions are derived, such that the order is independent in the number of small steps in each stage. Finally, we confirm the theoretical results by numerical experiments. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Remarks on the numerical range with respect to a family of projections
Authors: Dada Waed , Kerner Joachim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this note we report on the recently introduced concept of the numerical range of a bounded linear operator on a Hilbert space with respect to a family of projections. The importance of this new concept lies in the fact that it unifies and generalizes well‐established versions of the numerical range such as the classical numerical range introduced by Toeplitz and Hausdorff, the quadratic numerical range as well as the block numerical range. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Well‐posedness of Bayesian inverse problems in quasi‐Banach spaces with stable priors
Authors: Sullivan T. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Bayesian perspective on inverse problems has attracted much mathematical attention in recent years. Particular attention has been paid to Bayesian inverse problems (BIPs) in which the parameter to be inferred lies in an infinite‐dimensional space, a typical example being a scalar or tensor field coupled to some observed data via an ODE or PDE. This article gives an introduction to the framework of well‐posed BIPs in infinite‐dimensional parameter spaces, as advocated by Stuart (Acta Numer. 19:451–559, 2010) and others. This framework has the advantage of ensuring uniformly well‐posed inference problems independently of the finite‐dimensional discretisation used for numerical solution. Recently, this framework has been extended to the case of a heavy‐tailed prior measure in the family of stable distributions, such as an infinite‐dimensional Cauchy distribution, for which polynomial moments are infinite or undefined. It is shown that analogues of the Karhunen–Loève expansion for square‐integrable random variables can be used to sample such measures on quasi‐Banach spaces. Furthermore, under weaker regularity assumptions than those used to date, the Bayesian posterior measure is shown to depend Lipschitz continuously in the Hellinger and total variation metrics upon perturbations of the misfit function and observed data. (© 2017 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetic analyses of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma identifies a novel sarcoma subtype with a recurrent CRTC1‐SS18 gene fusion
Authors: Alholle Abdullah , Karanian Marie , Brini Anna T , Morris Mark R , Kannappan Vinodh , Niada Stefania , Niblett Angela , Ranchère‐Vince Dominique , Pissaloux Daniel , Delfour Christophe , Maran‐Gonzalez Aurelie , Antonescu Cristina R , Sumathi Vaiyapuri , Tirode Franck , Latif Farida 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years, undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas (USRCSs) have been divided into a variety of new, rare, sarcoma subtypes, including the group of Ewing‐like sarcomas, which have the morphological appearance of Ewing sarcomas, but carry CIC–DUX4, BCOR–CCNB3 and other gene fusions different from the classic EWSR1–ETS gene fusion. Using high‐throughput RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) analyses, we identified a novel recurrent gene fusion, CRTC1–SS18, in two cases of USRCS that lacked any known translocation. RNA‐seq results were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, long‐range polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. In vitro, we showed that the cells expressing the gene fusion were morphologically distinct and had enhanced oncogenic potential as compared with control cells. Expression profile comparisons with tumours of other sarcoma subtypes demonstrated that both cases clustered close to EWSR1–CREB1‐positive tumours. Moreover, these analyses indicated enhanced NTRK1 expression in CRTC1–SS18‐positive tumours. We conclude that the novel gene fusion identified in this study adds a new subtype to the USRCSs with unique gene signatures, and may be of therapeutic relevance. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fertility perspectives and priorities among male adolescents and young adults in cancer survivorship
Authors: Nahata Leena , Caltabellotta Nicole M. , Yeager Nicholas D. , Lehmann Vicky , Whiteside Stacy L. , O'Brien Sarah H. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInfertility is a common and distressing late effect of cancer treatment among male survivors. Investigators examined desire for parenthood, prioritization of fertility compared to other life goals, and reports of fertility‐related discussions among a cohort of male adolescent and young adult survivors. Eighty percent desired a biological child, yet only 31% ranked having a child among their “top 3” life goals. Only 40% reported fertility‐related discussions with their health care providers in survivorship. Given the importance of biological children among this cohort, future guidelines should encourage a more proactive approach to providing fertility counseling and offering testing, to mitigate distress and prevent unplanned pregnancies.
Diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes associated with prenatal diagnosis of fetal absent cavum septi pellucidi
Authors: Pilliod Rachel A. , Pettersson David R. , Gibson Thomas , Gievers Ladawna , Kim Amanda , Sohaey Roya , Oh Karen Y. , Shaffer Brian L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAbsence of the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) on prenatal imaging is historically associated with additional anomalies; however, recent cases of isolated absent CSP have also been identified. This study seeks to assess the accuracy of prenatal imaging in evaluating isolated absent CSP and to describe the spectrum of clinical outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of all prenatally diagnosed absent CSP cases between 2011 and 2016 at our institution. Cases with additional structural parenchymal abnormalities were excluded. Clinical outcomes were abstracted from available records.ResultsWe identified 15 cases of prenatally diagnosed isolated absent CSP. All patients were initially diagnosed on ultrasound (US) and 11/15 patients had fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirming the diagnosis. Prenatal US and MRI were concordant in all cases. Of the continuing pregnancies, 2 neonatal deaths occurred related to extreme prematurity. Two cases of septo‐optic dysplasia were identified in our cohort.DiscussionIn this study, fetal MRI and US had a high degree of accuracy with concordant postnatal imaging. Our study is similar to other case series suggesting that a range of clinical outcomes is possible with isolated absent CSP, but long‐term patient follow up is necessary.
How can gender affect psychopathology in Lebanese school‐age children?
Authors: Khamis Vivian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the extent to which gender differences in coping, school and family environments could account for variation in psychopathology among school‐age children. Participants were 665 middle school students. Results showed no gender differences for PTSD. Females scored higher on emotional problems and prosocial behavior whereas males scored higher on conduct problems. ADHD was higher among children with LD, whereas emotional and conduct problems were higher in females with LD. Emotional and conduct problems increased more by age in females. Gender differences were found in various patterns of predictor–outcome relations. While emotion‐focused coping was associated with emotional and peer problems in both genders, it was associated with conduct problems in females only. Problem‐focused coping was positively associated with prosocial behaviors in females whereas it was negatively associated with peer problems in males. In addition, family environment was negatively associated with emotional problems and PTSD symptomatology in females, whereas school environment was negatively associated with emotional problems in males. Clinical and research implications were discussed.
Organic–inorganic polyurethanes with double decker silsesquioxanes in the main chains: Morphologies, surface hydrophobicity, and shape memory properties
Authors: Xu Sen , Zhao Bingjie , Wei Kun , Zheng Sixun 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we reported an investigation of the morphologies, surface hydrophobicity, and shape memory properties of the organic–inorganic polyurethanes with double decker silsesquioxane (DDSQ) in the main chains. It was found that the organic–inorganic polyurethanes were microphase‐separated and that the POSS cages in the main chains were self‐organized into the spherical microdomains with the size of 10–50 nm in diameter. The introduction of POSS cages into the main chains resulted in the enhancement of glass transition temperatures (Tg's). In the meantime, the surface dewettability of the materials was significantly enhanced. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicates the improvement of the surface hydrophobicity resulted from the enrichment of POSS at the surfaces of the polyurethanes. The mechanical analyses, such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and creep‐recovery analysis (CRA), indicate that the POSS microdomains dispersed in the polyurethanes behaved as the physical crosslinking sites and promoted the formation of the crosslinked networks. Owing to the introduction of DDSQ into the main chains, the organic–inorganic polyurethanes significantly displayed shape memory properties, in marked contrast to the unmodified and linear polyurethane. The shape memory behavior has been addressed on the formation of the strong physically crosslinked networks in the organic–inorganic polyurethanes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 893–906
A screening algorithm for early detection of major depressive disorder in head and neck cancer patients post‐treatment: Longitudinal study
Authors: Henry Melissa , Rosberger Zeev , Ianovski Lola E. , Hier Michael , Zeitouni Anthony , Kost Karen , Mlynarek Alex , Black Martin , MacDonald Christina , Richardson Keith , Zhang Xun , Fuhrmann Fabienne , Chartier Gabrielle , Frenkiel Saul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to identify predictors of Major Depressive Disorder in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients in the immediate post‐treatment period (ie, at 3 months post‐diagnosis), with a focus on previously unexamined historical and contextual factors.MethodsProspective longitudinal study of 223 consecutive adults (72% participation) newly diagnosed with a first occurrence of primary HNC, including validated psychometric measures, Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM Disorders, and medical chart reviews.ResultsThe 3‐month period prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder was 20.4%; with point prevalences of 6.8% upon HNC diagnosis, 14.2% at 3 months, and 22.6% lifetime. Patients most susceptible to developing Major Depressive Disorder in the immediate post‐treatment period: were diagnosed with advanced‐stage cancer rather than early‐stage cancer (O.R. = 4.94, P = 0.04), received surgery only (O.R. = 8.73, P = 0.04), presented a lifetime history of Anxiety Disorder on SCID‐I (O.R. = 6.62; P = 0.01), and indicated higher pre‐treatment levels of anxiety on the HADS (O.R. = 0.45, P = 0.05).ConclusionsOur results outline the predominant role of anxiety upon diagnosis as a precursor to post‐treatment Major Depressive Disorder, suggesting the need for identification and prophylactic treatment of anxiety upon diagnosis in head and neck cancer patients. Further investigation into pathways by which pre‐treatment anxiety predisposes to post‐treatment Major Depressive Disorder in this population is warranted.
Directional preference and functional outcomes among subjects classified at high psychosocial risk using STarT
Authors: Werneke Mark W. , Edmond Susan , Young Michelle , Grigsby David , McClenahan Brian , McGill Troy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground and PurposePhysiotherapy has an important role in managing patients with non‐specific low back pain who experience elevated psychosocial distress or risk for chronic disability. In terms of evidence‐based physiotherapy practice, cognitive‐behavioural approaches for patients at high psychosocial risk are the recommended management to improve patient treatment outcomes. Evidence also suggests that directional preference (DP) is an important treatment effect modifier for prescribing specific exercises for patients to improve outcomes. Little is known about the influence of treatment techniques based on DP on outcomes for patients classified as high psychosocial risk using the Subgroups for Targeted Treatment (STarT) Back Screening Tool. This study aimed to examine the association between functional status (FS) at rehabilitation discharge for patients experiencing low back pain classified at high STarT psychosocial risk and whose symptoms showed a DP versus No‐DP.MethodsHigh STarT risk patients (n = 138) completed intake surveys, that is, the lumbar FS of Focus On Therapeutic Outcomes, Inc., and STarT, and were evaluated for DP by physiotherapists credentialed in McKenzie methods. The FS measure of Focus On Therapeutic Outcomes, Inc., was repeated at discharge. DP and No‐DP prevalence rates were calculated. Associations between first‐visit DP and No‐DP and change in FS were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression models controlling for 11 risk‐adjusted variables.ResultsOne hundred nine patients classified as high STarT risk had complete intake and discharge FS and DP data. Prevalence rate for DP was 65.1%. A significant and clinically important difference (7.98 FS points; p = .03) in change in function at discharge between DP and No‐DP was observed after controlling for all confounding variables in the final model.ConclusionFindings suggest that interventions matched to DP are effective for managing high psychological risk patients and may provide physiotherapists with an alternative treatment pathway compared to managing similar patients with cognitive‐behavioural approaches. Stricter research designs are required to validate study conclusions.
National trends in management of localized prostate cancer: A population based analysis 2004‐2013
Authors: Chen Junchao , Oromendia Clara , Halpern Joshua A. , Ballman Karla V. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeRecent years have brought many changes in the management of localized prostate cancer as national screening guidelines have been updated and diagnostic practice patterns evolved. We sought to better understand how the changing landscape influenced treatment utilization in the United States.MethodsWe used the SEER database in this retrospective analysis of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer between 2004 and 2013. We evaluated utilization of primary treatment modalities over time with descriptive and trend analyses, and examined treatment utilization by cancer risk group and age at diagnosis.ResultsOf 398 074 patients in the analytic data set, 38% elected radiation therapy, 38% underwent radical prostatectomy, and 24% opted for expectant management. While in 2004 radiation treatment was almost twice as common as expectant management (42% vs 23%), by 2013 approximately equal percentages of patients were treated with each of the three modalities. Expectant management use increased over time, while the proportion of patients opting for surgery decreased remarkably with increasing age at diagnosis in intermediate‐ and higher‐risk disease. Among radiotherapy options, brachytherapy was most common among lower‐risk patients in 2004 but substantially decreased over time (P < 0.001).ConclusionsManagement of localized prostate cancer changed substantially over time in the United States. Utilization of expectant management has increased for men with low‐ and intermediate risk cancer. Among those who pursue curative therapy, younger men remain more likely to elect surgery whereas older men tend to choose radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to better characterize factors contributing to treatment selection.
Differential antioxidant enzyme activity in rapid‐response glyphosate‐resistant Ambrosia trifida
Authors: Harre Nick T , Nie Haozhen , Jiang Yiwei , Young Bryan G 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) rapid‐response (RR) biotype exhibits a sacrificial form of glyphosate resistance whereby an oxidative burst in mature leaves results in foliage loss, while juvenile leaves remain uninjured. This work investigated the safening capacity of antioxidant enzymes in RR juvenile leaves following glyphosate treatment and examined cross tolerance to paraquat.RESULTSBasal antioxidant enzyme activities were similar between glyphosate‐susceptible (GS) and RR biotypes. Lipid peroxidation was first detected in RR mature leaves at 8 h after treatment (HAT) and by 32 HAT was 5.3 and 21.1 times greater than that in RR juvenile leaves and GS leaves, respectively. Preceding lipid peroxidation in the RR biotype at 2 and 4 HAT, the only increase in enzymatic activity was observed in ascorbate‐glutathione cycle enzymes in RR juvenile leaves, particularly ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase. Sensitivity to paraquat was similar between biotypes.CONCLUSIONThe RR biotype is not inherently more tolerant to oxidative stress. The difference in tissue damage between RR juvenile and mature leaves following glyphosate treatment is attributable at least partially to the transient increase in antioxidant enzyme expression in juvenile leaves (0–8 HAT), but may also be attributable to lower overall RR induction in juvenile leaves compared with mature leaves. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Detection of live larvae in cocoons of Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) using visible/near‐infrared multispectral imaging
Authors: Shrestha Santosh , Topbjerg Henrik Bak , Ytting Nanna Karkov , Skovgård Henrik , Boelt Birte 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe multispectral (MS) imaging system is a non‐destructive method with potential to reduce the labour and time required for quality control in the production of beneficial arthropods such as the parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis. In Denmark, a project is being undertaken that focuses on the possible use of B. curculionis in augmentative control of Hypera weevil pests in white clover seed production where cocoons of the parasitoid remain as a by‐product of seed processing. Only a fraction of the by‐product contains live parasitoid larvae and an effective method is required detect live cocoons for later augmentative control of the pest. Therefore, this study aims to identify live larval cocoons of B. curculionis using the MS imaging system.RESULTSLive and dead cocoons were identified using the canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) model with an accuracy of 91% and 80% (error rate 14%) in the training set, and a predicted accuracy of 89% and 81% (error rate 15%) in the test set. Reflectance from the near‐infrared region was valuable in identifying live cocoons compared with that from the visible region.CONCLUSIONThe MS imaging system is a rapid method for the separation of live and dead cocoons of B. curculionis. This study shows the potential of developing an MS imaging system to facilitate sorting of live and dead cocoons and optimize augmentative control of Hypera weevil pests. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry