bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comb‐like modified styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer dispersant for disperse dyes
Authors: Qian Tao , Zhong Yi , Mao Zhiping , Xu Hong , Zhang Linping , Sui Xiaofeng , Wang Bijia 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe comb‐like styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymer‐g‐isatoic anhydride‐methoxypolyethylene glycols condensate (SMA‐g‐IA‐MPEG) was synthesized by transesterification and amidation reaction. The chemical structure of SMA‐g‐IA‐MPEG was characterized by FTIR and 1H‐NMR. The comb‐like modified SMA was first employed as the dispersant of disperse dyes suspension in this paper. The addition of SMA‐g‐IA‐MPEG dispersant improved the dispersibility and stability of the disperse dyes suspension observably due to the steric hindrance and electrostatic repulsion on the surface of dye particles. The impacts of the length of side chains on the particle size, Zeta potential, centrifugal stability, and temperature sensitivity of disperse dyes suspensions were particularly discussed. The results showed that SMA‐g‐IA‐MPEG with moderate length of side chain had the best dispersibility for disperse dyes suspension and the average particle size of dyes can be reduced to 356.1 nm. Thus, the comb‐like dispersants played a vital role in dispersing of disperse dyes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47330.
The second life of Ziegler catalyst. Ethylene polymerization reactions with TiCl4–Al[C2H5]2Cl/Mg(C4H9)2 catalyst
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Rishina Laura A. , Lalayan Svetlana S. , Krasheninnikov Vadim G. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe Ziegler catalyst, a combination of TiCl4 and Al(C2H5)2Cl, was widely used since 1950s for the commercial manufacture of linear polyethylene. We found that addition of Mg(C4H9)2 to this catalyst at [Al]:[Mg]molar > 2 leads to the formation of a very active catalyst system for homopolymerization of ethylene and for copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐alkenes. The principal advantages of the ternary TiCl4–Al(C2H5)2Cl/Mg(C4H9)2 catalyst are very high activity (six to seven times higher than the activity of the original Ziegler catalyst), low cost, and the ease of use: the catalyst is prepared in situ from three commercially available cheap compounds soluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47340.
Application of the Vrentas–Duda free‐volume theory of diffusion below the glass‐transition temperature: Application to hypromellose acetate succinate–solvent systems
Authors: Sturm Derek R. , Danner Ronald P. , Moser Justin D. , Chiu Sheng‐Wei 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe Vrentas–Duda free‐volume theory for diffusion characterizes the diffusivity of a solvent in a polymer in terms of the concentration and size of the solvent, the temperature, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the individual components. The effective Tg of the polymer, however, is a function of the concentration of the solvent. This article introduces a modification that corrects for this change in the glass‐transition temperature, thus providing more accurate diffusivities. The model has been verified by comparison with experimental diffusivities of water, acetone, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran in hypromellose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). HPMCAS is widely used in the production of pharmaceutical formulations. One common application is the formation of amorphous solid dispersions with poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for dissolution and solubility enhancement. Frequently, the APIs and HPMCAS are put into solution and spray dried at an outlet temperature below the normal glass‐transition temperature. The modified free‐volume theory is able to directly predict or correlate with only one adjustable parameter the diffusivities as a function of the concentration and temperature. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47351.
Preparation of superabsorbent composite based on acrylic acid‐hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate and clinoptilolite for agricultural applications
Authors: Kazeminejadfard Fatemeh , Hojjati Mahmoud Reza 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTRecently, using superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are considered as a solution for reducing the water consumption particularly in agricultural applications. Presented here is the synthesis of a novel biocompatible SAP, utilizing for reducing the water consumption particularly in agricultural applications via graft copolymerization of hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HDP) based on tapioca starch with acrylic acid (AA), loading with clinoptilolite zeolites. A two‐level factorial design of experiments, investigating the effect of the SAP composition on the water absorbency exhibited that the optimum SAP has the maximum water absorbencies of 1075 and 67 g g−1 in distilled water and 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively. The chemical structure of the best superabsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results revealed that AA was successfully grafted onto HDP and surface morphology of the superabsorbent was improved with incorporated clinoptilolite zeolites. In addition, the results of water absorption in different soil textures showed that within a first week after irrigation, the soil texture with 100% sand has the maximum water retention (69.6 g more than its control sample), as well as that with 50% sand, loses the absorbed moisture 49 days later than its control sample. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47365.
Preparation and adsorption selectivity of deltamethrin molecularly imprinted polymers by two‐step seed swelling method
Authors: Xie Lei , Zhou Liumei , Li Lu , Xie Xinan , Li Yan 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDeltamethrin (DM) is one of the most efficient pyrethroid insecticides, which is widely applied to the control of insect pests in tea. In this work, efficient molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using DM as the template and acrylamide as the functional monomer, in conjunction with two‐step seed swelling polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis confirmed the staggered pore structure and the presence of binding site in DM MIPs. The adsorption properties of the DM MIPs were also investigated based on assessing equilibrium adsorption as well as kinetic modeling and solid‐phase extraction. Isothermal equilibrium adsorption experiments show that the adsorption behavior is consistent with the Freundlich and Halsey models, indicating heterogeneous multilayer specific adsorption. Fitting of the kinetic data demonstrates that chemical adsorption could be the rate‐limiting step in DM extraction, which is consistent with a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Using the imprinted polymers as solid‐phase extraction filler, the DM recoveries from various teas were greater than 80% and exceeded those of the structural analogs cypermethrin, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin. These results confirm that the MIPs exhibit specific adsorption of this analyte. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47415.
Biolubricant production from edible and novel indigenous vegetable oils: mainstream methodology, and prospects and challenges in Iran
Authors: Dehghani Soufi Masoud , Ghobadian Barat , Atashgaran Mohsen , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Najafi Gholamhassan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe reduction in crude oil resources, its volatile prices, and the irreparable environmental pollution caused by their production and consumption have led to worrying global challenges. At the same time, ever‐increasing population growth and growing industrialization have resulted in an increasing demand for petroleum‐based crude oil products, including lubricants. In this respect, the proper management of biomass to produce higher value‐added products such as biolubricants is very important. Iran, with a population of more than 80 million, is the fourth largest producer of crude oil and one of the largest lubricant producers in the region, but the development of clean bio‐based lubricants has always been neglected there, mostly due to the abundance of petroleum. The present study, reviewing the status of Iran's lubricant industry and its technical and environmental challenges, investigates the potential use of conventional edible oils and introduces novel drought‐resistant native edible oil sources, for the production of biolubricants. It is believed that this case study could be of assistance to researchers and specialists in developing countries, enabling them to take action to confront the challenges ahead by relying on sustainable development based on renewable and environmentally friendly products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Treatment of an Advanced Gingival Recession Involving the Apex of the Tooth: Periodontal Plastic, Endodontic Surgical Approach With a Laterally Stretched Flap and a Connective Tissue Graft
Authors: Carranza Nelson , Rojas Mariana A. 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThis case report presents the successful multidisciplinary treatment of a maxillary lateral incisor with a deep and narrow recession involving the root apex associated with pulpal necrosis. The tooth initially considered with a hopeless prognosis, was treated with a combined periodontal plastic, regenerative, and endodontic surgical procedure.Case PresentationA recently reported technique, the laterally stretched (LAST) flap with a connective tissue graft (CTG) technique for root coverage, was combined with enamel matrix derivative (EMD) for periodontal regeneration of the periapical lesion, that complemented an apicoectomy with retrograde sealing.The 6‐year follow‐up evidenced root coverage (RC) of 91.6% and increased keratinized tissue. Clinical and radiographic evaluation showed resolution of the periapical process.ConclusionsA severe gingival recession with endodontic involvement can be repaired if adequate control of the endodontic infection is obtained. The LAST flap, originally described for lower anterior teeth, was used successfully in a maxillary tooth, under extreme circumstances.
The professional development of counsellors and psychotherapists: Implications of empirical studies for supervision, training and practice
Authors: Rønnestad Michael Helge , Orlinsky David E. , Schröder Thomas A. , Skovholt Thomas M. , Willutzki Ulrike 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents key findings of two major empirical studies of psychotherapist and counsellor development. Both aimed to advance knowledge of variations in professional development and better understand the complexity of formative influences.MethodologyThe Minnesota Study of Therapist and Counsellor Development and the International Study of Development of Psychotherapists (ISDP) combined qualitative and quantitative research.ResultsIn the “Minnesota study,” qualitative analysis of data from 100 psychotherapists (172 interviews) at different experience levels led to formulating five phases of practitioner development: theNovice Student Phase,Experienced Student Phase,Novice Professional Phase,Experienced Professional PhaseandSenior Professional Phase. Results were integrated in a model describing three developmental trajectories—Continued development, Exhaustion and Disengagement—suggesting a developmentally sensitive approach to supervision. In theISDPstudy, theDevelopment of Psychotherapist Common Core Questionnairewas used to survey approximately 5,000 psychotherapists from countries throughout the world from 1991 to 2003 (currently about 12,000 therapists). Multi‐level quantitative analysis yielded two broad dimensions of therapeutic work experience,Healing InvolvementandStressful Involvement, based on therapists’ clinical skills, difficulties in practice, coping strategies, manner of relating to clients and in‐session feelings. Analysis of therapists’ experiences of current professional development showed two dimensions(Currently Experienced GrowthandCurrently Experienced Depletion). These were predicted, respectively, byHealing InvolvementandStressful Involvementand in turn predicted different levels ofOverall Career Development.ImplicationsImplications for supervison were drawn from the findings of The Phase Model and the Cyclical Trajectories model of the Minnesota‐study, while the ISDP study results were integrated in a Cyclical‐Sequential Model with implications for clinical training, supervision and practice.
The unsaid: In‐depth accounts of non‐disclosures in supervision from the trainees’ perspective
Authors: Singh‐Pillay Neeshi , Cartwright Duncan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis study explores trainees’ subjective experiences and perceptions of non‐disclosure in clinical supervision, offering a rich, detailed understanding of non‐disclosure from the trainees’ perspective.MethodEight trainees were interviewed, and transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA).FindingsFour super‐ordinate themes were identified and form the focus of this paper: (a) Purposeful non‐disclosures (b) Factors that prevent and facilitate trainee disclosures (c) Learning from the supervisor and (d) The implications for the trainee's learning and therapy.Conclusion/ImplicationsExploring the issue of non‐disclosures from the trainees’ perspective reveals that the “cycle of non‐disclosure” in clinical supervision can be understood as part of a subversive power dynamic in service of self‐preservation and protection of the vulnerable “trainee self.” The underlying dynamics related to power relations were also strongly associated with perceptions of knowledge and professional identity.
Anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: Insights from the NCDR PINNACLE‐AF registry
Authors: Contreras Johanna P. , Hong Kimberly N. , Castillo Javier , Marzec Lucas N. , Hsu Jonathan C. , Cannon Christopher P. , Yang Song , Maddox Thomas M. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundIn non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients, congestive heart failure (CHF) confers an increased risk of stroke or systemic thromboembolism. This risk is present in both heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It is unclear if clinicians account for both types of CHF in their NVAF anticoagulation practices. Accordingly, we characterized current outpatient anticoagulation trends in NVAF patients with HFpEF compared to patients with HFrEF.MethodsThe outpatient NCDR PINNACLE‐AF registry was analyzed to identify patients with NVAF and CHF. The study population was subdivided into HFpEF (ie, LVEF ≥ 40%) and HFrEF (LVEF < 40%). Anticoagulation rates by CHF group were compared and stratified by CHA2DS2‐VASc score.ResultsA total of 340 127 patients with NVAF and CHF were identified, of whom 248 136 (73.0%) were classified as HFpEF and 91 991 (27.0%) as HFrEF. Patients with HFpEF had higher mean CHA2DS2‐VASc scores and were more likely to be female, older, and have hypertension (P < 0.001). Unadjusted anticoagulation rates were significantly lower in patients with HFpEF compared to those with HFrEF (60.6% vs 64.2%, respectively). Lower rates of anticoagulation in the HFpEF group persisted after risk adjustment (RR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.91, 0.94]). Stratification by CHA2DS2‐VASc score demonstrated that lower rates of anticoagulation in patients with HFpEF persisted until a score of ≥5.ConclusionsPatients with NVAF and HFpEF have significantly lower anticoagulation rates when compared to their HFrEF counterparts. These findings suggest a potential underappreciation of HFpEF as a risk factor in patients with NVAF.
Disentangling the functional trait correlates of spatial aggregation in tropical forest trees
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Bartlett Megan K. , Wiegand Thorsten , Turner Benjamin L. , Sack Lawren , Valencia Renato , Kraft Nathan J. B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEnvironmental filtering and dispersal limitation can both maintain diversity in plant communities by aggregating conspecifics, but parsing the contribution of each process has proven difficult empirically. Here, we assess the contribution of filtering and dispersal limitation to the spatial aggregation patterns of 456 tree species in a hyperdiverse Amazonian forest and find distinct functional trait correlates of interspecific variation in these processes. Spatial point process model analysis revealed that both mechanisms are important drivers of intraspecific aggregation for the majority of species. Leaf drought tolerance was correlated with species topographic distributions in this aseasonal rainforest, showing that future increases in drought severity could significantly impact community structure. In addition, seed mass was associated with the spatial scale and density of dispersal‐related aggregation. Taken together, these results suggest environmental filtering and dispersal limitation act in concert to influence the spatial and functional structure of diverse forest communities.
Sweating disorders in mice with and without nerve lesions
Authors: Guhl Charlotte , Birklein Frank , Hirsch Silke 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypersensitivity and altered sweating are often present in neuropathy patients. Nerve lesions are known to produce sudomotor dysfunctions but also patients suffering from complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS1—a condition without a nerve lesion—present with sweating disorders.MethodsUsing proton nuclear magnetic resonance of sweat water, we quantified sweat output of mice suffering from a nerve lesion or a bone fracture without nerve lesion and correlated their sweating with behavioural paw hypersensitivity accessed in von Frey testings, water applications and weight‐bearing measured with an incapacitance metre.ResultsLesioned animals sweat less and are hypersensitive compared to healthy controls, as expected. Fractured animals on the injured side sweat less acutely after the injury but more in the chronic phase. They are hypersensitive acutely as well as chronically after the fracture. These findings resemble human bone trauma patients in the acute phase and CRPS patients in the chronic phase.ConclusionsSweating disorders are present both in neuropathic animals and in those with a bone fracture without nerve lesions, and autonomic dysfunctions might be considered as an important component in the aetiology of neuropathies.SignificanceSweat output changes in mice after bone trauma, potentially indicative of posttraumatic processes leading to CRPS in humans.
Developmental changes in functional brain networks from birth through adolescence
Authors: Gozdas Elveda , Holland Scott K. , Altaye Mekibib ,   CMIND Authorship Consortium
Published: December 2018

AbstractInvestigation of the brain connectome using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and measures derived from graph theory analysis has emerged as a new approach to study brain development, cognitive function, and neurophysiological disorders. Here we use graph theory analysis to examine the influence of age, sex, and neurocognitive measures on developmental changes to the global and regional topology of functional brain networks derived from fMRI data recorded in 189 healthy subjects from the age of 0–18 years during rest. We observed that Global Efficiency and Rich‐Club coefficient increased with age and Local Efficiency and Small‐Worldness decreased with age, while Modularity at the global level showed an inverted U‐shaped trajectory during development. Marginally significant differences were observed in Local Efficiency, Small‐Worldness, and Modularity at a global level between boys and girls throughout development. We also examine the effects of neurocognitive measures in boys and girls globally and locally. Our results provide new insight to understand brain maturation of functional brain connectome and its relation to cognitive development from birth through adolescence.
Association between pretreatment obesity, sarcopenia, and survival in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Fattouh Michael , Chang Gina Y. , Ow Thomas J. , Shifteh Keivan , Rosenblatt Gregory , Patel Viraj M. , Smith Richard V. , Prystowsky Michael B. , Schlecht Nicolas F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundBody mass index (BMI), sarcopenia, and obesity‐related comorbidities have been associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 441 normal‐weight, overweight, and obese HNSCC patients treated at Montefiore Medical Center (New York). Patients were grouped by BMI prior to treatment and assessed for differences in survival adjusting for comorbid conditions (cardiovascular disease and diabetes). Evidence of sarcopenia was also assessed using pretreatment abdominal CT scans in a subset of 113 patients.ResultsPrior to treatment, 55% of HNSCC patients were overweight or obese. Overweight/obese patients had significantly better overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3‐0.6) compared to normal‐weight patients, independent of comorbid conditions. Patients with sarcopenia had significantly poorer survival (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1‐3.9) compared to non‐sarcopenic patients, with the strongest association seen among overweight/obese patients.ConclusionOur data support the importance of sarcopenia assessment, in addition to BMI, among patients with HNSCC.
Association between loss of Y chromosome and poor prognosis in male head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hollows Robert , Wei Wenbin , Cazier Jean‐Baptiste , Mehanna Hisham , Parry Gabriella , Halford Graham , Murray Paul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is more prevalent in men than women and this disparity cannot be fully explained by known risk factors. Recent studies have shown that loss of Y chromosome (LoY) confers an increased risk of solid cancer and reduces life expectancy in men.MethodsUsing publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we investigated the prevalence of LoY and its association with clinicopathological features in male HNSCC.ResultsLoY was detectable in around 25% of male HNSCC. Men with human papillomavirus‐negative tumors exhibiting LoY experienced significantly worse overall survival than those with no LoY. Moreover, LoY tumors exhibited overexpression of genes involved in redox processes, including genes previously implicated in resistance to both radiotherapy and cisplatin‐based chemotherapeutics.ConclusionLoY may be an indicator of poor prognosis in male HNSCC that is linked to the overexpression of genes associated with resistance to standard care therapies.
Prognostic implication of CEACAM1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: Pilot study
Authors: Lucarini Guendalina , Zizzi Antonio , Re Massimo , Sayeed Md. Abu , Di Primio Roberto , Rubini Corrado 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCEACAM1, a valuable biomarker for several cancers, have remained unexplored up to the present in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We aimed to examine CEACAM1 expression and evaluate its combinational clinical significance for the diagnosis or prognosis and treatment decision making in LSCC.MethodsCEACAM1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 54 LSCCs and evaluate its correlation with clinical and histopathological features.ResultsCEACAM subtype 1 (CEACAM1) expression was positive in 50% of the cases. No significant difference was observed in relation to age, gender, tumor size, and tumor stage. CEACAM1 expression correlated with tumor grade, development of local recurrence, node and distant metastasis. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that CEACAM1 staining was inversely correlated with both overall and disease‐specific 5‐year survival.ConclusionsOur study is the first to demonstrate that CEACAM1 expression is associated with an adverse prognosis in LSCC. CEACAM1 is a valuable biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in LSCC.