bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The in situ treatment of synthetic musk fragrances in groundwater
Authors: McGregor Rick , Carey Grant 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSynthetic musk fragrances (SMFs) have been shown to be micropollutants in various aquatic and groundwater systems, often occurring at microgram per liter concentrations. Studies have shown that the most commonly detected SMFs in water are nitro musks and polycyclic musks. The SMFs are typically introduced into the environment in continuous streams such as from wastewater and land application of wastewater or sludge generated during wastewater treatment. Various studies for the treatment of SMFs have been undertaken for wastewater but studies for the treatment of SMFs in groundwater are limited, especially for in situ treatment. A pilot‐scale test was conducted to determine if the use of colloidal activated carbon (CAC) could effectively reduce dissolved concentrations of nitro and polycyclic synthetic musk compounds including musk xylene, musk ketone, galaxolide, and tonalide. The pilot test was carried out downgradient of a septic system in Central Canada where a series of nitrification and denitrification reactions are occurring in an unconfined aquifer. A 10‐weight percent CAC solution was injected into a series of temporary direct push injection points to target the synthetic musk plume. The plume contained galaxolide and tonalide concentrations up to 687 and 187 nanograms per liter (ng/L), respectively, while the concentrations of musk ketone and musk xylene were below the method detection limit (20 ng/L). A total of 13,950 liters of CAC solution was injected during one injection event. The pilot test results indicated that the CAC was effectively delivered to the target injection zone resulting in an increase in total organic carbon concentrations within the saturated soil greater than two orders of magnitude compared to the background concentrations. Analyses of the groundwater chemistry before and post‐injection indicated that the CAC had no detrimental impact on the groundwater quality while reducing the concentration of dissolved galaxolide and tonalide within the plume to below the method detection limits within 51 days of injection with the exception of two of the 14 wells monitored which had galaxolide and tonalide concentrations up to 78 and 35 ng/L. Within 6 months of application, the concentrations of galaxolide and tonalide had decreased to below the method detection limits. Subsequent monitoring of the groundwater quality over a one‐year period failed to detect galaxolide and tonalide, suggesting that the CAC was effective in attenuating the galaxolide and tonalide.
Emerging pollutants in water environment: Occurrence, monitoring, fate, and risk assessment
Authors: Tang Yankui , Yin Maozhong , Yang Weiwei , Li Huilan , Zhong Yaxuan , Mo Lihong , Liang Yan , Ma Xiangmeng , Sun Xiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe occurrence of emerging pollutants (EPs) is continuously reported worldwide. Nevertheless, only few of these compounds are toxicologically evaluated due to their vast numbers. Reliable analytical methods and toxicity assessment methods are the basis of either the management or the elimination of EPs. In this paper, literature published in 2018 on EPs were reviewed with special regard to their occurrence, detection methods, fate in the environment, and ecological toxicity assessment. Particular focus was placed on practical considerations, novel processes, and new solution strategies.Practitioner points

Literature published in 2018 on emerging pollutants were reviewed.

This review article is with special regard to the occurrence, detection methods, fate and toxicity assessment of emerging pollutants.

Particular focus was placed on practical considerations, novel processes and new solution strategies.
Preoperative Predictors Including the Role of Inflammatory Indices in Predicting Early Recurrence After Re‐resection for Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Chua Darren W. , Koh Ye‐Xin , Lee Ser‐Yee , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Kam Juinn‐Huar , Teo Jin‐Yao , Chow Pierce K. , Chung Alexander Y. , Ooi London L. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundRepeat liver resection (RLR) for recurrent HCC (rHCC) is a widely accepted treatment modality. However, early recurrence rate is high, frequently resulting in futile resection. We performed this study to evaluate preoperative factors, including the value of inflammatory indices, in predicting early (<1 year) recurrence in patients who underwent RLR for rHCC. This may help clinicians better select patients for RLR, while excluding cases in which RLR for rHCC would likely be futile.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 80 patients where 90 operative cases of RLR and 84 cases of early recurrence (<1 year) post‐RLR were evaluated. Preoperative predictors of early recurrence and overall survival (OS) were assessed.ResultsThere were 31 (34.4%) early recurrences with a 5‐year OS of 38.9%. Elevated platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) >103.6 was a significant independent preoperative predictor of both early recurrence, relative risk (RR) 4.284 (P = 0.001) and OS, RR 2.139 (P = 0.027), while alphafetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 200 was a significant independent preoperative predictor of early recurrence only, RR 11.655 (P = 0.030). Patients were followed‐up at a median of 14.3 months with 54.8% developing intrahepatic recurrences and 19.4% developing extrahepatic recurrences.ConclusionBoth, elevated PLR and AFP ≥ 200 were independent predictors of early (<1 year) recurrence after RLR for rHCC, while only an elevated PLR was an independent preoperative prognosticators of overall survival. Indication for RLR should be carefully discussed in patients with relapsed HCC with an elevated PLR, due to the potential of early recurrence and poor overall survival.
The use of patient-specific equipoise to support shared decision-making for clinical care and enrollment into clinical trials
Authors: Selker Harry P. , Daudelin Denise H. , Ruthazer Robin , Kwong Manlik , Lorenzana Rebecca C. , Hannon Daniel J. , Wong John B. , Kent David M. , Terrin Norma , Moreno-Koehler Alejandro D. , McAlindon Timothy E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:To enhance enrollment into randomized clinical trials (RCTs), we proposed electronic health record-based clinical decision support for patient–clinician shared decision-making about care and RCT enrollment, based on “mathematical equipoise.”Objectives:As an example, we created the Knee Osteoarthritis Mathematical Equipoise Tool (KOMET) to determine the presence of patient-specific equipoise between treatments for the choice between total knee replacement (TKR) and nonsurgical treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis.Methods:With input from patients and clinicians about important pain and physical function treatment outcomes, we created a database from non-RCT sources of knee osteoarthritis outcomes. We then developed multivariable linear regression models that predict 1-year individual-patient knee pain and physical function outcomes for TKR and for nonsurgical treatment. These predictions allowed detecting mathematical equipoise between these two options for patients eligible for TKR. Decision support software was developed to graphically illustrate, for a given patient, the degree of overlap of pain and functional outcomes between the treatments and was pilot tested for usability, responsiveness, and as support for shared decision-making.Results:The KOMET predictive regression model for knee pain had four patient-specific variables, and an r2 value of 0.32, and the model for physical functioning included six patient-specific variables, and an r2 of 0.34. These models were incorporated into prototype KOMET decision support software and pilot tested in clinics, and were generally well received.Conclusions:Use of predictive models and mathematical equipoise may help discern patient-specific equipoise to support shared decision-making for selecting between alternative treatments and considering enrollment into an RCT.
Disasters in Germany and France: An Analysis of the Emergency Events Database From a Pediatric Perspective
Authors: Ries Markus , Zielonka Matthias , Ries Noah , Breil Thomas , Garbade Sven , Mechler Konstantin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of this study was to conduct comprehensive analyses of disaster patterns for Germany and France from a pediatric perspective.Methods:An analysis of the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), epidemiological database with standard methods of descriptive and comparative statistics respecting the strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) criteria, was performed.Results:Between 2006 and 2016, there were 41 and 42 disasters in Germany and France claiming 259 and 4973 lives, respectively. Ages of afflicted individuals were not specified in EM-DAT. In Germany, most events were storms (37%), extreme temperatures (17%), floods (17%), and transport accidents (17%). In France, most events were storms (45%), extreme temperatures (17%), floods (19%), and transport accidents (14%). In Germany, most lives (96) were lost in transport accidents. In France, most casualties were due to the heat waves of 2006 and 2015 (1388 and 3275). Reported event types in Germany and France were similar, but heat waves struck France more significantly than Germany.Conclusions:Pediatric data are not explicitly captured in EM-DAT, but reported disaster patterns suggest that exposures to heat and cold, storms, trauma, chemicals, water, and infectious agents are possible mechanisms of injury. Age-stratified disaster data are needed to enable a timely, transparent, coordinated, and sustained data-driven approach to pediatric disaster resilience.
Achievement and the Value of Knowledge
Authors: Kim Brian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow does being a knower and possessing knowledge contribute to living well? Some have assumed that the eudaimonic value of knowledge is exhausted by its role as either a means or a final end. On this basis, it has been concluded that knowledge is not always valuable since its value will depend upon the ends that one has. I propose to expand our exploration by considering how knowledge might be valuable in virtue of being constitutive of certain eudaimonic goods. Using achievement as an example of an eudaimonic good, I argue, by way of considering its relations to credit and luck, that knowledge is necessary for achievement.
Performance of surgical site infection risk prediction models in colorectal surgery: external validity assessment from three European national surveillance networks
Authors: Grant Rebecca , Aupee Martine , Buchs Nicolas C. , Cooper Kristine , Eisenring Marie-Christine , Lamagni Theresa , Ris Frédéric , Tanguy Juliette , Troillet Nicolas , Harbarth Stephan , Abbas Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To assess the validity of multivariable models for predicting risk of surgical site infection (SSI) after colorectal surgery based on routinely collected data in national surveillance networks.Design:Retrospective analysis performed on 3 validation cohorts.Patients:Colorectal surgery patients in Switzerland, France, and England, 2007–2017.Methods:We determined calibration and discrimination (ie, area under the curve, AUC) of the COLA (contamination class, obesity, laparoscopy, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA]) multivariable risk model and the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) multivariable risk model in each cohort. A new score was constructed based on multivariable analysis of the Swiss cohort following colorectal surgery, then based on colon and rectal surgery separately.Results:We included 40,813 patients who had undergone elective or emergency colorectal surgery to validate the COLA score, 45,216 patients to validate the NHSN colon and rectal surgery risk models, and 46,320 patients in the construction of a new predictive model. The COLA score’s predictive ability was poor, with AUC values of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.65), 0.62 (95% CI, 0.58–0.67), 0.60 (95% CI, 0.58–0.61) in the Swiss, French, and English cohorts, respectively. The NHSN colon-specific model (AUC, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.61–0.62) and the rectal surgery–specific model (AUC, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.53–0.61) showed limited predictive ability. The new predictive score showed poor predictive accuracy for colorectal surgery overall (AUC, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.64–0.66), for colon surgery (AUC, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.65–0.66), and for rectal surgery (AUC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.60–0.66).Conclusion:Models based on routinely collected data in SSI surveillance networks poorly predict individual risk of SSI following colorectal surgery. Further models that include other more predictive variables could be developed and validated.
Influence of pitch rate on freely translating perching airfoils
Authors: Jardin T. , Doué N. 
Published: June 2019

We numerically investigated the unsteady dynamics of a two-dimensional airfoil undergoing a continuous, prescribed pitch-up motion and freely translating as a response to aerodynamic forces and the gravity field. The pitch-up motion was applied about an axis located $1/6$ chord away from the leading edge and was parameterized using the shape change number, with a Reynolds number set to 2000. It was shown that the minimum kinetic energy reached by the airfoil depends stochastically and asymptotically on shape change numbers for values below and above 1, respectively. Very low kinetic energy levels (close to zero) can be reached in both stochastic and asymptotic regions but high shape change numbers are accompanied by significant gain in altitude which may be undesirable from a practical perspective. Rather, shape change numbers in the range [0.1–0.3] allow us to reach relatively low levels of kinetic energy for close perching locations. We showed that highly nonlinear fluid–structure interactions induced by massive flow separations and strong vortices are conducive to low kinetic energy, but responsible for the stochastic dependence of kinetic energy to shape change number, which can make perching manoeuvres hardly controllable for flying vehicles.
Predictors of disease progression after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Tsuzuki K , Hashimoto K , Okazaki K , Nishikawa H , Sakagami M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the predictors of disease progression after functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodA total of 281 adult chronic rhinosinusitis patients who underwent primary bilateral functional endoscopic sinus surgery between 2007 and 2017 and had at least 12 months of follow-up endoscopic evaluation were examined. Patients were divided into eosinophilic (n= 205) and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis groups (n= 76). In order to determine adverse factors, post-operative endoscopic appearance scores were analysed in relation to the pre- and intra-operative findings using multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe post-operative course of eosinophilic cases deteriorated over time, like the early period for non-eosinophilic cases. Frontal sinus polyps recurred early in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Multivariate analyses indicated young adulthood, asthma, high computed tomography score and frontal sinus polyps as significant adverse predictors.ConclusionEarly, appropriate estimation of sinonasal conditions appears to be crucial for successful surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Variations in the reproductive investment of a venerid bivalve, Callista chione
Authors: Purroy Ariadna , Bukša Filip , Puljas Sanja , Peharda Melita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding variations in the reproductive cycle of commercial and ecologically important bivalve species is essential to address fisheries management and climate oscillation issues. Spatial and temporal trends in the reproductive cycle of Callista chione were analysed using standard histological procedures and gonadosomatic index (GSI) for two consecutive years at two coastal sites in the Adriatic Sea. Reproductive output and fecundity were analysed quantitatively to gain better insight into the seasonal energy balance with respect to gametogenesis. A seawater temperature difference of ~4°C between the two sites likely influenced the onset and duration of spawning. At Cetina (milder temperatures), spawning was prolonged and occurred between spring and July, whereas at Pag there was only one main spawning peak in July. Both histology and GSI showed similar trends, indicating GSI to be a reliable method for analysing the main characteristics of the reproductive cycle. Conversely, the use of the body mass index (BMI) as an indicator of gonad development should be addressed carefully. Intraspecific variation in energy allocation between populations suggested life strategies modified to different habitat conditions. A higher reproductive investment and output in the Pag population directed gonadal resorption to ensure the generation of a new cycle, whereas the higher fecundity at the Cetina site indicated the production of gonads from newly available food. These results suggest successful physiological acclimatization to recent increasing temperatures.
Daoism, humanity, and the Way of Heaven
Authors: KIDD IAN JAMES 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article argues for a cross-culturally pluralistic conception of spiritual exemplarity. Three main modes of exemplarity are identified, distinguished by their underlying aspirations, which I label ‘allegiance’, ‘enlightened insight’, and ‘emulation’. After challenging some attempts to privilege the modes of exemplarity characteristic of theistic religions, I argue that perhaps the fullest example of the aspiration to emulation is the form of Daoism presented in The Book of Zhuāngzǐ. I conclude that what one finds across different cultures and traditions is a plurality of modes of spiritual exemplarity that should be acknowledge and explored, rather than given more reductive analyses that narrow our sense of the variety of ways of living a spiritual life.
The dualistic nature of a Red Lustrous Wheelmade bowl from Boğazköy with a depiction of a victorious armed warrior
Authors: Kozal Ekin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA bowl with an incised heroic combat scene was found at the Hittite capital of Boğazköy and dates to the end of the 15th/beginning of the 14th century BC. This article reconsiders this previously published bowl, its production history and the message it conveys. The warrior is usually identified as Mycenaean, and in previous studies the bowl has been considered only for its incised decoration without evaluation of the bowl itself, its context and associated finds. This article argues that the bowl had a physical journey from Rough Cilicia to Hattusa and a non-physical journey from being a simple everyday object to a unique artwork through the secondary carving of an image, which reflects dualistic aspects.
The sanctuary of Zeus Sarnendenos and the cult of Zeus in northeastern Phrygia
Authors: Güney Hale 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article presents the discovery of two fragmentary inscriptions which demonstrate the existence of an unknown naos of Zeus Sarnendenos in the northern part of the Choria Considiana, an extensive imperial estate in northeastern Phrygia. It also presents a votive offering to Zeus Sarnendenos and five new votive inscriptions to Zeus Akreinenos found in the village of Kozlu near İkizafer (ancient Akreina?), which was apparently part of another estate, belonging to the Roman senatorial family of the Plancii, situated to the east of the Choria Considiana. These inscriptions were found during the course of an epigraphic survey carried out in 2015 in Mihalıççık, a region located 90km to the northeast of Eskişehir in modern Turkey. The article consists of three main parts. It begins with an introduction to the historical and geographical backgrounds of the survey area; this is followed by a catalogue of inscriptions and, finally, an analysis of the sanctuary of Zeus Sarnendenos and the new votive offerings to Zeus Akreinenos, with reference to other evidence for the cult of Zeus in Phrygia and neighbouring regions. The inscriptions discovered in this area provide new information about the location and dispersal of the cult of Zeus in northeastern Phrygia.
Delayed Patient Access to Innovative Medical Technologies in South Korea: A Lead-Time Analysis of Reimbursement Coverage Determinations
Authors: Lee Sang-Soo , Myung Jae-Eun , Strachan Liesl 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTimely access to innovative medical technologies driven by accelerated patient access pathways can substantially improve the health outcomes of patients who often have few therapeutic alternatives. We analyzed lead-times for the medical procedure reimbursement coverage process undertaken in South Korea from 2014 to 2017, which is considered one of the most important factors contributing to delays in patient access to new medical technologies.MethodsThis analysis was performed using the open datasets source of “Medical Procedure Expert Evaluation Committee (MPEEC)” meeting results and medical procedure coverage application information published on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Web site.ResultsFrom 2014 to 2017, 90 percent of all new coverage determinations took on average &gt;250 days with almost 20 percent taking more than 2 years (&gt;750 days), The average lead-time from the medical procedure coverage application to MPEEC meeting in 2015 was 435.0 ± 214.7 days (n= 26), which was significantly shorter than the average lead-time in 2014 (624.9 ± 290.3 days,n= 16) (p&lt; .05). The average lead-time from application to official enforcement in 2015 was significantly shorter than that of 2014 (540.8 ± 217.4; n = 16 versus 734.1 ± 299.7 days;n= 26, respectively) (p&lt; .05).ConclusionsWhile this analysis showed a general trend of a reduction in the time taken to receive a positive coverage determination for a new medical technology, the average lead-time remains well over the government mandated 100 days. To continue this trend and further enhance the patient access pathway for medical procedure coverage determinations, some measures can be applied. In particular, the extended “One-Stop Service” program encompassing coverage determinations is one such recommendation that could be considered.
THE ROLE OF INPUT VARIABILITY AND LEARNER AGE IN SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Sinkeviciute Ruta , Brown Helen , Brekelmans Gwen , Wonnacott Elizabeth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInput variability is key in many aspects of linguistic learning, yet variability increases input complexity, which may cause difficulty in some learning contexts. The current work investigates this trade-off by comparing speaker variability effects on L2 vocabulary learning in different age groups. Existing literature suggests that speaker variability benefits L2 vocabulary learning in adults, but this may not be the case for younger learners. In this study native English-speaking adults, 7- to 8-year-olds, and 10- to 11-year-olds learned six novel Lithuanian words from a single speaker, and six from eight speakers. In line with previous research, adults showed better production of the multispeaker items at test. No such benefit was found for either group of children, either in production or comprehension. Children also had greater difficulties in processing multiple-speaker cues during training. We conclude that age-related capacity limitations may constrain the ability to utilize speaker variability when learning words in a new language.