bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Su Wanzhen , Liu Jialin , Bai Peng , Ma Baocang , Liu Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria.
Results
We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates.
Conclusions
Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the susceptibility of Drosophila to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.
A multicentre study on admission hypothermia in very low-birth weight preterm infants in China: distribution, causes and risk factors
Authors: Yu Yong-hui , Wang Li , Dong Xiao-yu , Li Wen , Huang Lei , Wang Li-ling , Fan Xiu-fang , Wu Yan-qiu , Zhang Chun-lei , Sun Xue-mei , Li Min , Zhang Yong-feng , Yao Guo , Li Cong , Zhao Guo-ying , Zhao Xin-feng , Yang Zhen-ying , Chen Tong , Ren Xue-yun , Li Jing , Qiu Bing-ping , Niu Shi-ping , Zhu Ren-xia , Chen Yao , Gao Yan-ling , Zhao Ri-ming , Deng Li-ping , Peng Fu-dong , Bi Mei-rong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Neonatal hypothermia, defined as a temperature < 36.5°C, is a major contributor to neonatal mortality and morbidity. Hypothermia in preterm infants remains a challenge in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for many reasons.Objective To investigate the incidence of admission hypothermia (AH) in very low-birth weight (VLBW) infants in multiple NICUs in Shandong Province, China, and to provide clinical evidence for the implementation of quality improvement practices to reduce the incidence of AH in NICU.Methods This retrospective, observational study was carried out over a period of 12 months, from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The correlations between hypothermia preventive measures and the incidence of AH were analysed by descriptive statistical methods and a Spearman analysis. The associations between AH and maternal and neonatal variables were tested with bivariate analyses, followed by stepwise logistic regression. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results A total of 1639 in-born infants who were born at a weight less than 1500 g were enrolled in the study on their day of birth. Among them, 1295 VLBW infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The incidence of AH was 87.9% in VLBW infants among the 28 NICUs. We investigated whether team training and education, such as monthly chart reporting on hypothermia in preterm infants on admission to the NICU, which was associated with 10.7% of all the cases, could decrease the rate of AH. Indeed, transport with a heated transport incubator was associated with 9.3% of the cases. here was a negative correlation between the incidence of AH and the number of quality improvement measures implemented to prevent hypothermia (r= -0.242, p <0.05). A low birth weight, intubation in the delivery room , and a low 5-min Apgar score were significantly associated with AH. Conclusion: The incidence of AH was high. There was a negative correlation between the incidence of AH and the number of quality improvement measures implemented to prevent hypothermia. It is important to monitor for AH in newborns who have a low birth weight, who have a low Apgar score at 5 min and who require intubation in the delivery room.
‘Poverty flames burns’: deficiencies of burn care financing in Iran’s healthcare system
Authors: Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Mohammadi Farzaneh , Zadeh Nasrin Shaarbafchi , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Due special characteristics of burn patients, such as vulnerability, high treatment costs, and expensiveness of burn services, financing of burn services has a crucial importance. The current study aims to identify challenges of financing of burn services in Iranian healthcare system. Methods: The current qualitative study employed purposeful sampling with maximum variation. In total, 21 interviews were carried out to the saturated point, with interviewees from national, provincial, and local (hospital) levels. Kutzin’s descriptive framework on analyze of financing programs for healthcare services at national level was used to develop interview guide. A thematic analysis with hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development was employed to analyze the transcribed documents by using MAXQDA Version 12.0 (VERBI GmbH Berlin) Release 12.3.0. Results: Three themes and nine (sub-themes) were identified, as follow: collection of funds (revenue generation), pooling of funds (cost-sharing and fees, and uninsured people) and purchasing of services (inappropriate payment mechanism, incomplete content of service benefit package, inappropriate financial resource allocation, ineffective medical tariffs, top-down budgeting approach and lobbying in resource allocation). Conclusions: According to the results of the current study financing burn services can be improved through reviewing and reforming burn financing policies (with ultimate goal of universal health coverage), increasing affordability of burn services, allocating sufficient budgets and using evidence-based purchasing that is based on objective indicators of demand and supply, and also creating new financial resources (through advocacy from related stakeholders and imposing sin taxes), so that other institutions such as Ministry of Oil, Ministry of Energy and municipalities be engaged in financing burn services to address financial deficiencies.
Association between Stroke and Cognitive Decline in Community Dwelling Older and Oldest People: The SONIC Study
Authors: Srithum Werayuth , Kabayama Mai , Gondo Yasuyuki , Masui Yukie , Akagi Yuya , Klinpudtan Nonglak , Kiyoshige Eri , Godai Kayo , Sugimoto Ken , Akasaka Hiroshi , Takami Yoichi , Takeya Yasushi , Yamamoto Koichi , Ikebe Kazunori , Ogawa Madoka , Inagaki Hiroki , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Increasing in the older people and a decline in mortality after stroke, the rate of post-stroke cognitive decline has increased. The relationship between risk factors and post-stroke cognitive decline in dwelling old and oldest people who living in the community especially with asymptomatic stroke have to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between stroke and cognitive decline during three years in community dwelling older and oldest people.Methods This study was longitudinal study with a 3-year follow-up in urban and rural areas of Japan. The participants were 1,333 community dwelling older and oldest people (70 years old = 675, 80 years old = 589, and 90 years old = 69). Data collected included basic data (age, sex, and history of stroke), vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and current smoking), and social factors (educational level, frequency of going outdoors, and long-term care (LTC) service used). The Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) was used for cognitive assessment, and a decline of ≥ 2 points was defined as cognitive decline. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between stroke and other risk factors with cognitive decline during a 3-year follow-up.Results Rates of cognitive decline increased in advanced ages, equaling 33.3, 39.4, and 66.7% in those aged 70, 80, and 90 years old, respectively. The fit of the hypothesized model by multiple logistic regression showed that a history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline were important risk factors, while the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level were protective factors that were significantly correlated with cognitive decline during the 3-year follow-up.Conclusions The cognitive decline after the 3-year follow-up was influenced by the history of stroke, advanced age, and greater MoCA-J score at the baseline, but protective factors were the presence of dyslipidemia and a higher educational level. Therefore, these factors are considered important and should be taken into consideration when searching for creative solutions to prevent cognitive decline after stroke in community dwelling older and oldest people.
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and risk of frailty among Chinese community-based oldest-old: evidence from CLHLS study
Authors: Xiao Qi , Wu Meiliyang , Cui Jinrui , Yuan Mengmei , Chen Ye , Zeng Tieying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Whether vitamin D deficiency may contribute to frailty remains inconclusive in Chinese older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level and risk of frailty among Chinese oldest-old in the communities. Methods: Secondary analysis of data compiled by the 2011 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n=1324) was extracted. Frailty was assessed by the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) index. Multivariate logistic regression with spine smoothing was performed to investigate the association between 25(OH)D level and risk of frailty after adjusting for socio - demographic variables, health characteristics and confounding biomarkers. Results: The mean age was 92.89 ± 7.92 years, and 844(63.7%) of participants were women. In all, 426 (33.2% , 95% confidence interval, CI: 29.66-34.69) frail participants were recorded. After adjustment for confounding covariates, the level of 25(OH)D is significantly related to frailty. By the spline smoothing and threshold effect analysis , a monotonically negative association between 25(OH)D and frailty was identified. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association did not differ by gender and age . Conclusions: Plasma 25(OH)D was inversely associated with the risk of frailty among Chinese oldest-old. The findings indicate the practical significance of monitoring and managing plasma 25(OH)D level in the elders.
Risk of Death Scale: A Death Prediction Model Based on US Nursing Home Admissions in 2011 and 2012
Authors: Morris John N , Howard Elizabeth , Egge Sabrina , Schachter Erez , Sjostrand Fredrik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background : Care planning has become more complex as nursing homes now are serving an ever more complex patient population. The primary purpose of this project is to identify, among persons admitted to and remaining up to 12 months, in a long-term care setting, those at more imminent risk of death, revealing the relevant risk factors and summarizing these factors within a Risk of Death Scale. Design : Longitudinal analysis of a national cohort of nursing home admissions from all United States facilities during years 2011 and 2012. Setting and Participants : Cohort included 1,536,842 admissions (764,002 for 2011, 772,840 for 2012). Repeated assessments are required every 90 days, with an additional assessment at discharge. Follow-up data over three years were examined. Methods : The Risk of Death Scale is based on two sub-scales. One included five very high risk of death measures. The second was composed of an additional eighteen risk factors. The dependent variable against which these models were developed was death by 365 days. Death rates are described from one-month post-admission to three years post-admission. Results : The Risk of Death Scale has twelve graded levels. The lowest four categories of the scale (0-3) represent approximately half the cohort and have one-year death rates that range from 3% to 15.5%, whereas the mean of the whole cohort is 24.2% at one year. The top four categories represent about 7% of the cohort and have one-year death rates ranging from 55.8% to 90.5%. The death rates increased steadily across the scale scores, a pattern that held through the three-year post admission period. Conclusions/Implications : The Risk of Death Scale for new admissions to nursing homes rests on a broad spectrum of 23 independent variables – including measures of prognosis, treatments, diagnoses, clinical status, function, cognitive status, and age. Almost 10% of the sample (n=149,073) had a risk score of 7 or greater and the average one-year mortality for this group was 68.6% (range of 47.5-90.5%).
The development of multidimensional screening model of geriatric syndrome for community-dwelling older adults: results of the Taiwan Integration Health and Welfare (TIHW) Study
Authors: Tai Chi-Jung , Tseng Tzyy-Guey , Huang Ching-Ya , Pan Shu-Chuan , Hsiao Yu-Han , Yang Yi-Hsin , Lee Meng-Chih 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional and multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment process that identifies geriatric syndrome in older adults. However, CGA program is not appropriate in community screening. To the best of our knowledge, there is no applicable multidimensional screening model to evaluate geriatric syndrome in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to identify the risk factors of geriatric syndrome among physical function tests, socioeconomic status, medical history, and healthy behaviours in community-dwelling older adults and develop a multidimensional prediction model for community screening. Methods: A total of 1313 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or above were recruited from 58 communities in four aging cities in Taiwan. Geriatric syndrome was defined by disability using Instrumental Activities of Daily Livings, cognitive impairment using Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire, depression using Geriatric Depression Scale, or by receiving mild disability card. The cutoff values of the physical function tests were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk factors of geriatric syndrome, and the risk model was developed using stepwise logistic regression. Results: We developed the new cutoff values in predicting geriatric syndrome for dominant handgrip strength test, 6-meter walk, and timed up-and-go tests, which were significantly associated with geriatric syndrome. Moreover, male sex, obesity, absence of labour activities, and participants who cannot report personal information, had depressive mood for the past 2 weeks, and a history of heart disease were associated with geriatric syndrome. Finally, we developed Taiwan Risk Scores for Geriatric Syndrome (TRSGS) with the cutoff value of 6 (sensitivity, 77.2%; specificity, 75.5%). Conclusions: Most of the screening tools focus on specific problems such as sarcopenia, dementia, or frailty. The TRSGS model demonstrated a multidimensional prediction model, which could be applied in community screening for geriatric syndrome. Management of risk factors to prevent geriatric syndrome in the community is important.
Effects of shade stress on morphophysiology and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses
Authors: Fu Juanjuan , Luo Yilan , Sun Pengyue , Gao Jinzhu , Zhao Donghao , Yang Peizhi , Hu Tianming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Shade presents one of the major abiotic limitations for turfgrass growth. Shade influences plant growth and alters plant metabolism, yet little is known about how shade affects the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the role of soil microorganisms in plant shade responses. In this study, a glasshouse experiment was conducted to examine the impact of shade stress on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of two contrasting shade-tolerant turfgrasses, shade-tolerant dwarf lilyturf (Ophiopogon japonicus, OJ) and shade-intolerant perennial turf-type ryegrass (Lolium perenne, LP). We also examined soil-plant feedback effects on shade tolerance in the two turfgrass genotypes. Bacterial community composition was assayed using high-throughput sequencing. Results: Our physiochemical data showed that under shade stress, OJ maintained higher photosynthetic capacity and root growth, thus OJ was found to be more shade-tolerant than LP. Shade-intolerant LP responded better to both shade and soil microbes than shade-tolerant OJ. Shade and live soil decreased LP growth but increased biomass allocation to shoots in the live soil. The plant shade response index of LP is higher in the live soil than sterile soil, driven by weakened soil-plant feedback under shade stress. In contrast, there was no difference in these values for OJ under similar shade and soil treatments. Illumina sequencing data revealed that shade stress had little impact on the diversity of the OJ and LP’s bacterial communities, but instead impacted the composition of bacterial communities. The bacterial communities were mostly composed of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in OJ soil. Further pairwise fitting analysis showed that a positive correlation of shade-tolerance in two turfgrasses and their bacterial community compositions. Several soil properties (NO3--N, NH4+-N, AK) showed a tight coupling with several major bacterial communities under shade stress, indicating that they are important drivers determining bacterial community structures. Moreover, OJ shared core bacterial taxa known to promote plant growth and confer tolerance to shade stress, which suggests common principles underpinning OJ-microbe interactions. Conclusion: Plant shade tolerance is mediated by soil-plant feedback and shade-induced changes in rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure in OJ and LP plants.
Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of SET DOMAIN GROUP family in Dendrobium catenatum
Authors: Chen Dong-Hong , Qiu Han-Lin , Huang Yong , Zhang Lei , Si Jin-Ping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Dendrobium catenatum used as a precious Chinese herbal medicine is a kind of epiphytic orchid plant which grows on the trunks and cliffs and often faces up to diverse environmental stresses. SET DOMAIN GROUP (SDG) proteins act as histone lysine methyltransferases which are involved in pleiotropic developmental events and stress responses through modifying chromatin structure and regulating gene transcription, but their roles in D. catenatum are unknown. Results: In this study, we identified 44 SDG proteins from D. catenatum genome. Subsequently, comprehensive analyses related to gene structure, protein domain organization, and phylogenetic relationship were performed to evaluate these D. catenatum SDG (DcSDG) proteins, along with the well-investigated homologs from the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa as well as the newly characterized 42 SDG proteins from a closely related orchid plant Phalaenopsis equestris . We showed DcSDG proteins can be grouped into eight distinct classes (I~VII and M), mostly consistent with the previous description. Based on the catalytic substrates of the reported SDG members mainly in Arabidopsis, Class I (E(z)-Like) is predicted to account for the deposition of H3K27me2/3, Class II (Ash-like) for H3K36me, Class III (Trx/ATX-like) for H3K4me2/3, Class M (ATXR3/7) for H3K4me, Class IV (Su(var)-like) for H3K27me1, Class V (Suv-like) for H3K9me, as well as class VI (S-ET) and class VII (RBCMT) for methylation of both histone and non-histone proteins. RNA-seq derived expression profiling showed that DcSDG proteins usually have wide but distinguished expression in different tissues and organs. Finally, environmental stresses examination showed the expression of DcASHR3, DcSUVR3, DcATXR4, DcATXR5b, and DcSDG49 is closely associated with drought-recovery treatment, the expression of DcSUVH5a , DcATXR5a and DcSUVR14a is significantly influenced by low temperature, and even 61% DcSDG genes are in response to heat shock. Conclusions: This study systematically identifies and classifies SDG genes in orchid plant D. catenatum , indicates their functional divergence during the evolution, and discovers their broad roles in the developmental programs and stress responses. These results provide constructive clues for further functional investigation and epigenetic mechanism dissection of SET-containing proteins in orchid.
Preparation of Liquid Oral Mucoadhesive Gastro-retentive System of Nimodipine
Authors: Mamdouh Mai , Donia Ahmed , Essa Ebtessam , Maghraby Gamal El 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker frequently used in critical care settings.
It is mainly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, the development of gastroretentive
formulation will be beneficial. The benefit would be maximized for critical care patients if the
developed system was in liquid form to facilitate the administration through nasogastric tubing.

Objective:
Development of gastro-retentive liquid oral controlled release formulation of nimodipine
through in situ gellation.

Methods:
Nimodipine dissolution was improved by solid dispersion (SD) using poloxamer 407. Sodium
alginate solutions (1, 1.5 and 2%w/v) were loaded with the optimized SD microparticles. Carboxymethylcellulose
was added to modulate the release and to augment mucoadhesion power. All in situ gelling
alginate solutions were characterized regarding viscosity, gelling capacity and drug release. SD microparticles
showed considerable improvement in nimodipine dissolution.

Results:
All alginate systems were pourable. Increasing alginate concentration increased the gelling
capacity and reduced drug release rate. The addition of carboxymethylcellulose produced greater control
over drug release rate. X-ray radiography showed successful stomach-retention over 8 hours in rabbits,
which correlates with the controlled release pattern of the developed systems.

Conclusion:
The study provides the formulator with a range of gastroretentive controlled release formulations
of nimodipine while maintaining the convenience of administration through nasogastric tubing
with the potential for enhanced bioavailability.