bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary fats, olive oil and respiratory diseases in Italian adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Cazzoletti Lucia , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Spelta Francesco , Bono Roberto , Chamitava Liliya , Cerveri Isa , Garcia‐Larsen Vanessa , Grosso Amelia , Mattioli Veronica , Pirina Pietro , Ferrari Marcello 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundFat intake has been associated with respiratory diseases, with conflicting results.ObjectiveWe studied the association between asthma and rhinitis with dietary fats, and their food sources in an Italian population.MethodsClinical and nutritional information was collected for 871 subjects (aged 20‐84) from the population‐based multi‐case‐control study Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD): 145 with current asthma (CA), 77 with past asthma (PA), 305 with rhinitis and 344 controls. Food intake was collected using the EPIC (European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) Food Frequency Questionnaire. The associations between fats and respiratory diseases were estimated by multinomial models. Fats and their dietary sources were analysed both as continuous variables and as quartiles.ResultsMonounsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid were associated with a reduced risk of CA in both continuous (RRR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.48; 0.96; RRR = 0.69; 95%CI: 0.49; 0.97, per 10 g, respectively) and per‐quartile analyses (p for trend = 0.028 and 0.024, respectively). Olive oil was associated with a decreased risk of CA (RRR = 0.80; 95%CI: 0.65; 0.98 per 10 g). An increased risk of rhinitis was associated with moderate total fat and SFA intake.ConclusionsHigh dietary intakes of oleic acid and of olive oil are associated with a lower risk of asthma but not of rhinitis.
Baseline living‐donor kidney volume and function associate with 1‐year post‐nephrectomy kidney function
Authors: Hall Isaac E. , Shaaban Akram , Wei Guo , Sikora Magdalena B. , Bourija Hassan , Beddhu Srinivasan , Shihab Fuad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLiving donors may develop kidney dysfunction more often than equally healthy populations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography‐assessed remaining kidney volume indexed to body surface area (RKV/BSA) was associated with 1‐year post‐nephrectomy renal function independent of baseline renal function. Using multivariable regression, we modeled 1‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and eGFR <60 mL /min/1.73 m2 and considered pre‐determined baseline eGFR subgroups in 151 consecutive donors. Mean ± SD baseline age, eGFR, RKV, BSA, and RKV/BSA were 38 ± 11 years, 97 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2, 153 ± 29 mL, 1.9 ± 0.2 m2, and 80.0 ± 12.8 ml/m2, respectively; 50% were female and 94% were white. Mean baseline eGFR was greater with increasing RKV/BSA tertiles (92 ± 14, 97 ± 16, 107 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001). Post‐nephrectomy eGFR remained separated by RKV/BSA tertiles. At baseline, each SD greater RKV/BSA and eGFR was independently associated with higher adjusted 1‐year eGFR by 2.4 and 9.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Each SD greater age associated with 2.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 lower adjusted 1‐year eGFR. Adjusted odds of 1‐year eGFR <60 increased significantly for donors with RKV/BSA <80 mL/m2. With baseline eGFR <90, probability of 1‐year eGFR <60 increased to >80% with decreasing RKV/BSA values below 80 mL/m2. Those with baseline eGFR >100 rarely developed 1‐year eGFR <60 if RKV/BSA remained >60 mL/m2. RKV/BSA independently associated with 1‐year eGFR <60, especially with lower baseline eGFRs. Additional studies should evaluate the predictive utility of this measure and its potential role in donor evaluations and informed consent.
Rarity and beta diversity assessment as tools for guiding conservation strategies in marine tropical subtidal communities
Authors: Carlos‐Júnior Lélis A. , Spencer Matthew , Neves Danilo Mesquita , Moulton Timothy Peter , Pires Débora de Oliveira , e Castro Clovis Barreira , Ventura Carlos Renato Rezende , Ferreira Carlos Eduardo Leite , Serejo Cristiana Silveira , Oigman‐Pszczol Simone , Casares Fernanda Araújo , Mantelatto Marcelo Checoli , Creed Joel Christopher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimOur aim was to uncover patterns of distribution of marine subtidal rocky reef communities across six taxonomic groups and decompose the relative roles of species loss and turnover in total community variation. Additionally, we propose an easily calculated index that can be used to highlight areas with unique species composition for conservation planning. We estimated the strengths of associations between environmental factors and species richness and rarity.LocationIlha Grande Bay, Brazil, covering about 150,000 ha harbouring different marine habitats.MethodsWe used the Marine Rapid Assessment Protocol at 42 sites to gather information on environmental variables and species in six subtidal marine groups. We determined “singular” sites as the regions harbouring higher numbers of rare species. Then, we estimated the roles of species loss and turnover on the observed total variation among sites. We used Generalized Linear Model to partition the relative importance of the selected environmental factors in driving variation in species richness and singularity.ResultsThe singularity index and richness showed that the bay could be divided into three subregions for subtidal communities. Richness and rarity were structured at different spatial scales and associated with environmental variables related to water productivity and nutrients but varied among taxonomic groups. Community variation over space was largely associated with turnover of species.Main conclusionsHigher singularity and richness on the western side of the bay and around the main island suggested that these regions should be conservation priorities, but high species turnover across the whole bay indicated that portions of the central channel should be included in conservation strategies. This draws attention to the importance of community variation rather than just species numbers in conservation and management planning. The high species turnover indicated that these rocky reefs have high beta diversity when compared to other studied biological systems.
Healthcare utilization costs of emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in an early intervention treatment program compared to a matched cohort
Authors: John‐Baptiste Ava A. , Li Lihua , Isaranuwatchai Wanrudee , Osuch Elizabeth , Anderson Kelly K. 
Published: January 2019

AimThe First Episode Mood and Anxiety Disorder Program (FEMAP) provides treatment to emerging adults with mood and anxiety disorders in an accessible, youth‐friendly environment. We sought to investigate FEMAP's impact on the costs of care.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of one‐year health service costs using linked administrative datasets to compare emerging adults treated at FEMAP (FEMAP users) to propensity‐score matched controls (non‐users). Costs from the perspective of the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care, included drug benefit claims, inpatient, physician and ambulatory care services. We used bootstrapping to perform unadjusted comparisons between FEMAP users and non‐users, by cost category and overall. We performed risk‐adjusted comparison of overall costs using generalized estimating equations.ResultsFEMAP users (n = 366) incurred significantly lower costs compared to non‐users (n = 660), for inpatient services (−$784, 95% confidence interval [CI] −$1765, −$28), ambulatory care services (−$90, 95% CI −$175, −$14) and drug benefit claims (−$47, 95% CI ‐$115,‐$4) and significantly higher physician services costs ($435, 95% CI $276, $581) over 1 year. The unadjusted difference in overall costs was not significant (−$853, 95% CI −$2048, $142). Following adjustment for age, sex and age at first mental health diagnosis, the difference of −$914 (95% CI (−$2747, $919)) was also not significant.ConclusionsFEMAP was associated with significantly lower costs of inpatient and ambulatory care services, and higher costs of physician services, however we are unable to conclude that FEMAP is cost‐saving overall.
Interacting influences of aging and Alzheimer's disease on circadian rhythms
Authors: Duncan Marilyn J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAging leads to changes in circadian rhythms, including decreased amplitude or robustness, altered synchrony with the environment, and reduced coordination of rhythms within body. These circadian rhythm alterations are more pronounced in age‐associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which they often precede the onset of other symptoms by many years. As well as their early onset, the findings that fragmentation of daily rest‐activity rhythms in non‐demented older subjects is associated earlier cognitive decline, increased risk of incident AD, and preclinical AD neuropathology, suggest that circadian rhythm disruption may contribute to the development and progression of the neuropathological changes occurring in AD. Conversely, other studies have implicated amyloid‐beta, a prominent neurotoxin that accumulates in AD, in the impairment of circadian rhythms. Thus, circadian rhythm disruption and AD‐associated neurodegeneration may interact to form a deleterious cycle. This article reviews the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the age‐ and AD‐related changes in circadian rhythms. It also explores therapeutic strategies proposed to ameliorate circadian rhythm deficits in elderly and demented individuals.
Standing repair of an articular dorsal medial oblique fracture of the proximal third metacarpal bone in a racing Standardbred
Authors: Lean N. E. , Ahern B. J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe third metacarpal bone (McIII) is a common site of long bone fractures in racehorses. However, articular fractures of the dorsomedial aspect ofMcIIIare a rare location of such injuries. This report describes the successful standing surgical repair of an articular fracture of the dorso‐medial proximalMcIIIin a 4‐year‐old Standardbred racing mare using lag screw fixation.
Habitat‐specific invertebrate responses to hydrological variability, anthropogenic flow alterations, and hydraulic conditions
Authors: White James C. , Krajenbrink Hendrik J. , Hill Matthew J. , Hannah David M. , House Andy , Wood Paul J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Quantifying ecological responses to river flow regimes is a key scientific approach underpinning many environmental flow (e‐flow) strategies. Incorporating habitat‐scale influences (e.g. substrate composition and organic matter cover) within e‐flow frameworks has the potential to provide a broader understanding of the causal mechanisms shaping instream communities, which may be used to guide river management strategies.

In this study, we examined invertebrate communities inhabiting three distinct habitat groups (HGs—defined by coarse substrates, fine sediments, and the fine‐leaved macrophyte Ranunculus sp.) across four rivers (each comprising two study sites) within a single catchment. We tested the structural and functional responses of communities inhabiting different HGs to three sets of flow‐related characteristics: (1) antecedent hydrological (discharge—m3/s) variability; (2) antecedent anthropogenic flow alterations (percentage of discharge added to or removed from the river by human activity); and (3) proximal hydraulic conditions (characterised by the Froude number). The former two were derived from groundwater model daily time series in the year prior to the collection of each invertebrate sample, while the latter was collected at the point of sampling.

While significant effects of hydrological and anthropogenic flow alteration indices were detected, Froude number exerted the greatest statistical influence on invertebrate communities. This highlights that habitat‐scale hydraulic conditions to which biota are exposed at the time of sampling are a key influence on the structure and function of invertebrate communities.

Mixed‐effect models testing invertebrate community responses to flow‐related characteristics, most notably Froude number, improved when a HG interaction term was incorporated. This highlights that different mineralogical and organic habitat patches mediate ecological responses to hydraulic conditions. This can be attributed to HGs supporting distinct taxonomic and functional compositions and/or providing unique ecological functions (e.g. flow refuges), which alter how instream communities respond to hydraulic conditions.

While the individual importance of both flow and small‐scale habitat effects on instream biota has been widely reported, this study provides rare evidence on how their interactive effects have a significant influence on riverine ecosystems. These findings suggest that river management strategies and e‐flow frameworks should not only aim to create a mosaic of riverine habitats that support ecosystem functioning, but also consider the management of local hydraulic conditions within habitat patches to support specific taxonomic and functional compositions.
Discontinuation of dolutegravir, elvitegravir/cobicistat and raltegravir because of toxicity in a prospective cohort
Authors: Llibre JM , Montoliu A , Miró JM , Domingo P , Riera M , Tiraboschi J , Curran A , Homar F , Ambrosioni J , Abdulghani N , Force L , Peraire J , Casabona J ,   PISCIS Cohort group
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the rates of discontinuation of integrase inhibitor regimens because of any neuropsychiatric adverse event (NPAE) and the factors associated with discontinuation.MethodsA population‐based, prospective, multicentre cohort study was carried out. Treatment‐naïve subjects starting therapy with a regimen containing integrase inhibitors, or those switching to such a regimen, with plasma HIV‐1 RNA < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL in 14 hospitals in Catalonia or the Balearic Islands (Spain) were included in the study. Every discontinuation because of adverse events (AEs) was double‐checked directly with treating physicians. Multivariable Cox models identified factors correlated with discontinuation.ResultsA total of 4165 subjects (37% treatment‐naïve) started regimens containing dolutegravir (n = 1650; 91% with abacavir), raltegravir (n = 930) or elvitegravir/cobicistat (n = 1585). There were no significant differences among regimens in the rate of discontinuation because of any AE. Rates of discontinuation because of NPAEs were low but higher for dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine [2.1%; 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0, 4.2) discontinuations/100 patients/year] versus elvitegravir/cobicistat (0.5%; 0.8 (95% CI 0.3, 1.5) discontinuations/100 patients/year], with significant differences among centres for dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine and NPAEs (P = 0.003). We identified an association of female gender and lower CD4 count with increased risk of discontinuation because of any AE [Incidence ratio (IR) 2.3 (95% CI 1.4, 4.0) and 1.8 (95% CI 1.1, 2.8), respectively]. Female gender, age > 60 years and abacavir use were not associated with NPAE discontinuations. NPAEs were commonly grade 1–2, and had been present before and improved after drug withdrawal.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort study, patients receiving dolutegravir, raltegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat did not show significant differences in the rate of discontinuation because of any toxicity. The rate of discontinuations because of NPAEs was low, but was significantly higher for dolutegravir than for elvitegravir/cobicistat, with significant differences among centres, suggesting that greater predisposition to believe that a given adverse event is caused by a given drug of some treating physicians might play a role in the discordance seen between cohorts.
Micro‐computed tomographic evaluation of the shaping ability of four instrumentation systems in curved root canals
Authors: Stringheta C. P. , Bueno C. E. S. , Kato A. S. , Freire L. G. , Iglecias E. F. , Santos M. , Pelegrine R. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the shaping ability of four instrumentation systems in curved molar root canals, using computerized microtomography (micro‐CT).MethodologyForty mesial roots of mandibular molars were submitted first to radiographic examination to determine their curvature and then to a micro‐CT scan to analyse other initial morphological characteristics. The specimens were distributed into four experimental groups, according to the endodontic instrumentation system used (n = 10): Group R, Reciproc; Group PTN, ProTaper Next; Group WOG, WaveOne Gold; Group PDL, ProDesign Logic. After root canal instrumentation, the specimens were submitted to a second micro‐CT scan, and the pre‐ and postoperative data were examined to evaluate the following parameters: volume of dentine removed (DR), increase in root canal volume (VI), untouched root canal surface area (UA), volume of accumulated hard tissue debris (AD) and structure model index (SMI). The data observed for these parameters after instrumentation were analysed using generalized linear models. R software was used for the analyses, and the level of significance adopted was 5%.ResultsThere were no significant differences among the instrumentation systems regarding the DR, VI, UA and AD parameters (P > 0.05). PTN and WOG systems were associated with greater increases in SMI than the PDL system (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe four systems evaluated were similar regarding the parameters analysed, with the exception of the SMI, with the rate of variation of this parameter being greater after using the PTN and WOG systems than after using the PDL system. These results indicate that the four systems perform similarly in terms of their shaping ability, but that the PTN and WOG systems produced more rounded preparations than the PDL system.
Properties of soluble dietary fibre from defatted coconut flour obtained through subcritical water extraction
Authors: Du Xiaojing , Bai Xinpeng , Gao Wei , Jiang Zefang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryResponse surface methodology was employed to optimise the process parameters for subcritical water extraction of soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from defatted coconut flour. The obtained model was applied to predict the optimum response values and verified by validation experiment. The composition, structure, properties and bioactivities of the extracted SDF were studied. Effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, solid–liquid ratio and mesh number on the yield of SDF were investigated. The extraction at 140 °C for 30 min, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:30, and a mesh number of 80 resulted in the extraction rate of SDF of 14%. Moreover, monosaccharide analysis indicated that SDF primarily contains mannose and galactose respectively. As indicated by X‐ray diffraction and thermal analysis, SDF has low degree of crystallinity and high thermal stability. Additionally, SDF has high water holding, oil holding and swelling capacities, while exhibits high antioxidant activity against DPPH, ABTS+ and ˙OH radicals, as well as high in vitro hypoglycaemic activity. The SDF also exhibits good biofunctions, such as good toxic ions and bile acid salts adsorption. This study demonstrates that defatted coconut flour, which is an inexpensive source of natural dietary fibre, can be suitably used as a functional food ingredient in the food industry.
Effects of vacuum degree on the water status, physicochemical properties and microstructure of fast frozen dumpling wrappers
Authors: Liu Xingli , Zhao Shuangli , Wei Qingqing , Zhao Xuewei , Zhang Hua 
Published: January 2019

SummaryVacuum mixing is a new method of dough making, and little literature is available regarding its effects on the product quality of frozen food. This research studied the effects of different degrees of vacuum (0.00, −0.02, −0.04, −0.06, −0.08 MPa) on the water state, thermal properties, cooking characteristics and microstructure of fast frozen dumpling wrappers during different storage times (0, 14 and 30 days). Vacuum mixing significantly decreased the spin–spin relaxation times (T2) and freezing water content, thus indicating that it decreased the mobility of moisture and enhanced the binding of dough components with water molecules. Furthermore, the increases in the cooking loss rate and hardness of fast frozen dumpling wrappers during storage were inhibited by vacuum mixing, especially after storage for 30 days, possibly because vacuum mixing formed a more continuous and compacted dough structure, thereby generating a smaller ice crystal structure. These results should provide a theoretical basis for the application of vacuum mixing to fast frozen dumplings.
A two‐year clinical trial comparing the retention of two fissure sealants
Authors: RAADAL MAGNE , UTKILEN ANNE BERIT , NILSEN OLAV LEO 
Published: January 2019

A clinical evaluation of an experimental resin sealant (ICI 209085) was made by comparing it with a previously investigated and well recognized material (Light Cured Tinted Delton®). The two materials were bilaterally placed in 117 pairs of teeth (48 premolars and 69 molars) in 60 children aged 6–14 years. The children were re‐examined after 6, 12 and 24 months.The overall rates offull retention were 97·4% in teeth sealed with the experimental sealant and 96·6% in those sealed with the control sealant, while the corresponding figures for partial retention were 2·6% and 3·4%. From none of the teeth were the sealants totally lost. No carious lesions developed in the sealed fissures during the trial. It is concluded that the experimental sealant is comparable with the control sealant with respect to retention and caries prevention.
Reticulate evolutionary history of a Western Palaearctic Bat Complex explained by multiple mtDNA introgressions in secondary contacts
Authors: Çoraman Emrah , Dietz Christian , Hempel Elisabeth , Ghazaryan Astghik , Levin Eran , Presetnik Primož , Zagmajster Maja , Mayer Frieder 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThere is an increasing evidence showing that species within various taxonomic groups have reticulate evolutionary histories with several cases of introgression events. Investigating the phylogeography of species complexes can provide insight into these introgressions, and when and where these hybridizations occurred. In this study, we investigate the biogeography of a widely distributed Western Palaearctic bat species complex, namely Myotis nattereri sensu lato. This complex exhibits high genetic diversity and in its western distribution range is composed of deeply diverged genetical lineages. However, little is known about the genetic structure of the eastern populations. We also infer the conservation and taxonomical implications of the identified genetic divergences.TaxonMyotis nattereri sensu lato including M. schaubi.LocationWestern Palaearctic.MethodsWe analysed 161 specimens collected from 67 locations and sequenced one mitochondrial and four nuclear DNA markers, and combined these with the available GenBank sequences. We used haplotype networks, PCA, t‐SNE and Bayesian clustering algorithms to investigate the population structure and Bayesian trees to infer the phylogenetic relationship of the lineages.ResultsWe identified deeply divergent genetical lineages. In some cases, nuclear and mitochondrial markers were discordant, which we interpret are caused by hybridization between lineages. We identified three such introgression events. These introgressions occurred when spatially separated lineages came into contact after range expansions. Based on the genetic distinction of the identified lineages, we suggest a revision in the taxonomy of this species group with two possible new species: M. hoveli and M. tschuliensis.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that the M. nattereri complex has a reticulate evolutionary history with multiple cases of hybridizations between some of the identified lineages.