bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Photothermal Therapy on Osteosarcoma With Polyacrylic Acid–Coated Gold Nanorods
Authors: Pan Su , Xing Hongcun , Fu Xuqi , Yu Hongmei , Yang Zhaogang , Yang Yudan , Sun Wei 
Published: August 2018

Background: Polyacrylic acid (PAA)–coated gold nanorods (GNRs) were prepared in this research, and then the structure, stability, temperature increment efficiency, and biocompatibility of GNRs@PAA were detected. Methods: It was demonstrated that GNRs@PAA coupled with an 808 nm laser had superior efficiency of hyperthermia therapy for MG63 human osteosarcoma cell. Results: The mechanism of photothermal therapy of GNRs@PAA was explored, and it was proved that damaged cell membrane and DNA integration caused cell apoptosis and death, and the cell apoptosis rate had been obviously promoted by in vitro photothermal therapy which exhibited time–dose dependence. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the GNRs@PAA could be a promising candidate for phototherapeutic applications in human osteosarcoma.
A review of the complexity adjustment in the Korean Diagnosis-Related Group (KDRG)
Authors: Kim Sujeong , Jung Chaiyoung , Yon Junheum , Park Hyeonseon , Yang Hunsik , Kang Hyeon , Oh Dongjin , Kwon Kukhwan , Kim Sukil 
Published: August 2018

Background: The Korean Diagnosis-Related Groups (KDRG) was revised in 2003, modifying the complexity adjustment mechanism of the Australian Refined Diagnosis-Related Groups (AR-DRGs). In 2014, the Complication and Comorbidity Level (CCL) of the existing AR-DRG system was found to have very little correlation with cost. Objective: Based on the Australian experience, the CCL for KDRG version 3.4 was reviewed. Method: Inpatient claim data for 2011 were used in this study. About 5,731,551 episodes, which had one or no complication and comorbidity (CC) and met the inclusion criteria, were selected. The differences of average hospital charges by the CCL were analysed in each Adjacent Diagnosis-Related Group (ADRG) using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test. The patterns of differences were presented with R 2 in three patterns: The CCL reflected the complexity well (VALID); the average charge of CCL 2, 3, 4 was greater than CCL 0 (PARTIALLY VALID); the CCL did not reflect the complexity (NOT VALID). Results: A total of 114 (19.03%), 190 (31.72%) and 295 (49.25%) ADRGs were included in VALID, PARTIALLY VALID and NOT VALID, respectively. The average R 2 for hospital charge of CCL was 4.94%. The average R 2 in VALID, PARTIALLY VALID and NOT VALID was 4.54%, 5.21%, and 4.93%, respectively. Conclusion: The CCL, the first step of complexity adjustment using secondary diagnoses, exhibited low performance. If highly accurate coding data and cost data become available, the performance of secondary diagnosis as a variable to reflect the case complexity should be re-evaluated. Implications: Lack of reviewing the complexity adjustment mechanism of the KDRG since 2003 has resulted in outdated CC lists and levels that no longer reflect the current Korean healthcare system. Reliable cost data (vs. charge) and accurate coding are essential for accuracy of reimbursement.
Evaluation of analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine as adjuvant with ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided adductor canal block in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgeries
Authors: Thapa Deepak , Ahuja Vanita , Pandey Khushboo , Gombar Satinder , Gupta Ravi 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Local anaesthetic (LA) with highly selective alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine has not been evaluated in adductor canal block (ACB) for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgeries. The study evaluates postoperative analgesic effect of ropivacaine with adjuvant dexmedetomidine following postoperative ultrasound-guided ACB. Methods: 105 randomized subjects received ultrasound-guided ACB using 15 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, with 0.5 µg kg−1 of dexmedetomidine administered perineurally (Group II), intravenously (Group III) or none (Group I). Primary outcome included 24 hours’ total morphine consumption postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included haemodynamics and adverse effects. Results: The postoperative total morphine consumption was significantly reduced till 4 hours in II 0.57 mg (0.98 (0–3)) (p = 0.011) and up to 6 hours in Group III 0.77 mg (1.00 (0–4)) (p = 0.004) compared to Group I. The postoperative total morphine consumption was comparable at 24 hours in Group III 3.57 mg (1.73 (0–8)) and Group II 3.34 mg (1.92 (07)) (p = 1.000). The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were comparable in all the three groups at all the time intervals studied (p > 0.05). There were no adverse effects observed during the study. Conclusion: Use of perineural dexmedetomidine with LA for ACB in the postoperative period resulted in significant reduction in total morphine consumption in initial 4 hours as compared to 6 hours with intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine.
Trisomy 18 and Congenital Heart Disease: Single-Center Review of Outcomes and Parental Perspectives
Authors: Davisson Neena A. , Clark Joseph B. , Chin Thomas K. , Tunks Robert D. 
Published: August 2018

Background: In patients with trisomy 18, congenital heart surgery is controversial due to anticipated poor patient outcome. Data are lacking regarding clinical outcomes and family opinions about care received. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with trisomy 18 and congenital heart disease from 2005 to 2017 was performed. Patients were grouped into those receiving cardiac intervention (surgery or cardiac catheterization) versus medical management. A telephone survey was used to assess completeness of family counseling provided prior to treatment selection and parental opinions on the care received. Results: Seventeen infants were assessed. In the medical management group (n = 7), there were five deaths at a median age of 1.5 months (range: 1.2-4.1 months) and two survivors aged 29 and 44 months at latest follow-up. In the intervention group (n = 10), cardiac surgery was performed in nine patients at a median age of 4.3 months (0.2-23.4 months) and weight of 3.2 kg (1.5-12.2 kg); catheter intervention was performed in one patient at one week of age. At latest follow-up, seven intervention patients are alive at a median age of 50 months (5-91 months). Survey respondents (n = 12) unanimously stated that their child’s quality of life was improved by their specific treatment strategy, that the experience of the parents was enhanced, and that they would choose the same treatment course again. Conclusions: Surgical repair may be associated with favorable early outcomes and may be judiciously offered in selected circumstances. In this limited experience, parental perceptions were positive regarding the quality of care and overall experience independent of the chosen treatment strategy or eventual outcome.
Thirty-Day Perioperative Complications, Prolonged Length of Stay, and Readmission Following Elective Posterior Lumbar Fusion Associated With Poor Nutritional Status
Authors: Phan Kevin , Ranson William , White Samuel J. W. , Cheung Zoe B. , Kim Jun , Shin John I. , Ukogu Chierika , Lee Nathan J. , Kothari Parth , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: August 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Objective: To determine the rates of early postoperative mortality and morbidity in adults with hypoalbuminemia undergoing elective posterior lumbar fusion (PLF). Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) was examined from 2005 to 2012. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were used to query the database for adults (≥18 years) who underwent PLF and/or posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF/TLIF). Patients were divided into those with normal albumin concentration (≥3.5g/dL) and those with hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dL). Both univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: A total of 2410 patients were included, of whom 2251 (93.4%) were normoalbuminemic and 159 (6.6%) were hypoalbuminemic. Patients with preoperative serum albumin levels <3.5 g/dL were older with a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and more comorbidities, including anemia, diabetes, dependent functional status, and preoperative history of chronic steroid therapy. Hypoalbuminemic patients had higher rates of any 30-day perioperative complication ( P < .001), unplanned readmission ( P = .019), and prolonged length of stay (LOS) >5 days ( P < .001). However, hypoalbuminemia was not significantly associated with any specific perioperative complication. On multivariate analysis, preoperative hypoalbuminemia was found to be an independent predictor of prolonged LOS (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.5; P < .001) and unplanned readmission (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1-6.3; P = .023). Conclusion: Hypoalbuminemia was found to be an important predictor of patient outcomes in this population. This study suggests that clinicians should consider nutritional screening and optimization as part of the preoperative risk assessment algorithm. Level of Evidence: III
Imaging high-resolution velocity and attenuation structures from walkaway vertical seismic profile data in a carbonate reservoir using visco-acoustic waveform inversion
Authors: Takam Takougang Eric M. , Bouzidi Youcef 
Published: August 2018

Frequency domain visco-acoustic waveform inversion is applied to multi-offsets vertical seismic profile data acquired over a carbonates reservoir in an oil field offshore Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, to produce high resolution seismic velocity and attenuation structures. The starting velocity and attenuation models are obtained from traveltime tomography, and from the centroid frequency-shift method, respectively. Waveform tomography is performed between the frequencies 4 and 50 Hz. To reduce coupling between velocity and attenuation parameters during model updates, a two stage inversion strategy is adopted. During the first stage, only the velocity model is recovered and, during the second stage, velocity and attenuation models are recovered. The density is estimated from empirical correlation derived from sonic and density logs at the borehole location. A judicious selection of the time-damping constant [Formula: see text], used to suppress late arrivals in the Laplace-Fourier domain is critical to mitigate nonlinearities. Prior to the inversion, data preconditioning is done to transform the data in a form convenient for the visco-acoustic wave equation. High resolution final velocity and attenuation models are obtained. Extracted 1D profiles from the final models generally correlate well with the sonic log and estimated clay content from the gamma-ray log. These observations give confidence to the results. A comparison of the synthetic data generated from the final models and the field data shows a high degree of similarity. The high resolution of the results enables us to readily identify layers and provide a geologic interpretation from Quaternary to Late Jurassic. The inverted models show a stack of layers with alternating relatively high and low velocity values associated with relatively high- and low-attenuation values defining anticlines, as we progressed deeper into the subsurface. The two main reservoirs units in the Lower Cretaceous are clearly identified.
Depression, memory and electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Coetzer Rudi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCurrent neuroscience suggests that although short-term memory difficulties frequently occur immediately after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), longer-term problems are less common. However, gaps in our knowledge remain regarding longer-term cognitive problems after ECT, including memory function. Some of these relate to the complexities surrounding cognitive testing and interpretation of test results. An important question in clinical decision-making is why, despite current evidence suggesting long-term memory problems are less frequent, some patients still report subjective memory difficulties. To further advance clinical practice and the neuroscience surrounding post-ECT cognitive function, assessment of cognitive function, possibly including neuropsychological testing, should potentially become more routine as part of clinical practice.Declaration of interestNone
Does Exercise Alter Gut Microbial Composition? A Systematic Review
Authors: MITCHELL CASSIE M. , DAVY BRENDA M. , HULVER MATTHEW W. , NEILSON ANDREW P. , BENNETT BRIAN J. , DAVY KEVIN P. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The objective of this systematic review of literature was to evaluate and summarize published research that has investigated the association between exercise and gut microbial composition in mammals.

Methods
This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The databases searched for this review included: PubMed; PubMed Central; Medline; Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature; Web of Science; Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux Direct; Health Source: Nursing Academic Edition; Clinicaltrials.gov; International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO); and the Cochrane Library.

Results
Twenty-five articles met the inclusion criteria: 17 rodent, one canine, two equine, and five human studies. All studies in rodents and equines included control groups; whereas only one study in humans included a control group. The remaining were cross-sectional or cohort studies. All studies in rodents controlled for dietary intake and one study in humans implemented a 3-d dietary control. Eleven studies assessed voluntary exercise and 13 studies used forced exercise. Diversification within the Firmicutes phylum was consistently observed in exercise groups across studies. There were no consistent trends within Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, or Proteobacteria phyla. In general, the potential interactions between exercise and diet composition and their respective influences on the intestinal microbiome were not well characterized.

Conclusions
Exercise was associated with changes in gut microbial composition, an increase in butyrate producing bacteria and an increase in fecal butyrate concentrations independent of diet in rodents and humans. The overall quality of evidence in the studies in humans was low and the risk of bias was unclear. Future studies with standardized reporting and rigorous dietary control in larger samples are needed to further determine the influence of exercise on gut microbial composition.
Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Pathway after Downhill and Uphill Training in Rats
Authors: PEDARD MARTIN , CEFIS MARINA , ENNEQUIN GAËL , QUIRIÉ AURORE , GARNIER PHILIPPE , PRIGENT-TESSIER ANNE , PERNET NICOLAS , MARIE CHRISTINE 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The elevation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain and the subsequent phosphorylation of its cognate tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptors at tyrosine 816 (pTrkBtyr816) are largely involved in the positive effect of aerobic exercise on brain functioning. Although BDNF levels were reported to increase in proportion with exercise intensity, the effect of the type of contraction is unknown. Therefore, the cerebral BDNF/TrkB pathway was investigated after uphill and downhill treadmill activities at equivalent intensity to preferentially induce eccentric and concentric contractions, respectively.

Methods
A treadmill activity (30 min·d−1 for seven consecutive days) either in a horizontal position at two different speeds to modulate intensity (experiment 1) or at three different inclinations (null, −10%, and +5%) but at equivalent intensity to modulate the type of contraction (experiment 2) was induced in rats. Both experiments included sedentary rats. Levels of BDNF, pTrkBtyr816, synaptophysin (marker of synaptogenesis), endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylated at serine 1177 (peNOSser1177), and c-fos levels (indicators of elevation in blood flow in the cerebrovasculature and neuronal activity, respectively) were measured in motor- and cognition-related brain regions using Western blotting analysis.

Results
Experiment 1 indicated that treadmill activity induces an intensity-dependent increase in peNOSser1177, c-fos, and BDNF levels. Experiment 2 showed that intensity of exercise as well as activation of the cerebral BDNF pathway, and synaptogenesis did not differ among horizontal, uphill, and downhill treadmill activities.

Conclusion
The cerebral response of the BDNF pathway to a treadmill activity is dependent on exercise intensity, but not on the type of contraction (eccentric vs concentric).
Phylogeny and biogeography of the hyper–diverse genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae: Myrteae), with emphasis on E. sect. Umbellatae, the most unmanageable clade
Authors: Fernanda Mazine Fiorella , Quintino Faria Jair Eustaquio , Giaretta Augusto , Vasconcelos Thais , Forest Félix , Lucas Eve 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEugenia, comprising ca. 1100 species, is the largest genus of Neotropical Myrtaceae. Eugenia sect. Umbellatae (formerly referred to as “clade 9”) is the most speciose lineage of Eugenia. This study aims to better delimit E. sect. Umbellatae, to identify and understand relationships between manageable subgroups of this large clade for future discrete systematic studies and to explain biogeographical patterns in the genus. In total, 103 samples were used in this study. These include representatives of the nine clades of the “Eugenia group” with a particular focus on Eugenia clade 9, representing the morphological and geographical diversity found in the genus. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) for the combined dataset, using the markers ITS, rpl16, psbA–trnH, rpl32–trnL, trnQ–rps16. The resultant tree was fossil calibrated and used for historical biogeographical analysis using DEC implemented in RASP. The mid Oligocene is the most likely period in which the crown node of Eugenia s.l. diversified. The earliest Eugenia appear to be associated with dry biomes and to have arisen from non–tropical southern South America, as did ancestors of the earliest American Myrteae. Eugenia subg. Pseudeugenia also most likely diversified in dry biomes, while E. subg. Hexachlamys and E. subg. Eugenia are likely to have diverged in the Atlantic Forests biome. Eugenia sect. Umbellatae is morphologically very variable; some clades can be circumscribed based on morphology while some remain morphologically undiagnosable. The study presented here provides discussion of the earliest origins of Eugenia and its response to climate–driven changes in the Neotropics as humid, forest biomes became more widespread in the Miocene. In addition, important practical conclusions are drawn regarding relationships within Eugenia. Three clades are newly classified as subgenera: E. subg. Pseudeugenia (including species of E. sect. Pseudeugenia); E. subg. Hexachlamys (including E. sect. Hexachlamys) and E. subg. Eugenia (including E. sect. Umbellatae,E. sect. Jossinia,E. sect. Phyllocalyx,E. sect. Pilothecium,E. sect. Racemosae,E. sect. Schizocalomyrtus, E. sect. Speciosae and Eugenia sect. Excelsae). Two previously unidentified clades are published as E. sect. Excelsae and recognized as E. sect. Jossinia, the latter consisting entirely of Old World species.
Accounting for the differential inter-system bias (DISB) of code observation in GPS+BDS positioning
Authors: Cao Xiang , Wang Qing , Gao Chengfa , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
If the associated differential inter-system biases (DISBs) are priori known, only one common reference satellite is sufficient, which is called the inter-system model. The inter-system model can help to maximize the redundancy of the positioning model, and thus can improve the positioning performance, especially in harsh environment. However, in practice use not all receivers can be calibrated with DISBs in advance. In this paper, taking combined GPS and BDS pseudorange positioning as the example, we compare three positioning models and their positioning performance. One is traditional intra-system model, and the other two belongs to the inter-system models, i. e. the model with calibration of DISB and the model with real-time estimation of DISB parameter. Positioning performance using the three models is evaluated with simulated obstructed environments. It will be shown that besides the model with calibration of DISB, the model with real-time estimation of DISB parameter can also effectively improve positioning accuracy and reliability compared with the traditional intra-system model, especially for the severely obstructed environment with only a few satellites observed. When no more than 7 satellites visible, the positioning accuracies in each directions can be improved by no less than 15 %. The proposed model can be used alternatively when no priori DISB calibration is available.
The stationary regions for the parameter space of unilateral second-order spatial AR model
Authors: Mojiri A. , Waghei Y. , Nili Sani H. R. , Mohtashami Borzadaran G. R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The analysis of spatial models has received much attention in the last three decades. It involves methods which take into account the data location for exploring and modelling spatial data. Spatial modelling has its applications in many fields like geology, geography, agriculture, meteorology, economics etc. In this paper, the unilateral second-order spatial autoregressive model, denoted as

SAR
⁡

(
2
,
1
)

{\operatorname{SAR}(2,1)}

model, is introduced. Then the necessary conditions for casual solutions of this model will be given. Since each casual model is a stationary model, these conditions will be stationary regions for the parameter space of the

SAR
⁡

(
2
,
1
)

{\operatorname{SAR}(2,1)}

model. Under the stationary conditions, we can estimate the model parameters.
Modellierung sprachlicher Anforderungen in Testaufgaben verschiedener Unterrichtsfächer: Theoretische und empirische Grundlagen
Authors: Heine Lena , Domenech Madeleine , Otto Lisa , Neumann Astrid , Krelle Michael , Leiss Dominik , Höttecke Dietmar , Ehmke Timo , Schwippert Knut 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent years have witnessed a growing interest in the relationship between academic language registers and school success in the German-speaking education system. However, we still know very little about the actual effects that academic language has on the academic performance of students, for instance, in how far the extent to which academic language is used in subject tasks actually makes these tasks more difficult. It is therefore highly vital that any operationalization of difficulty-inducing linguistic features of tasks is made on solid theoretical and empirical grounds. The purpose of this article is thus to present the linguistic foundation used in an interdisciplinary empirical study in which 1.346 7thand 8thgraders solved a set of subject-oriented tasks from Maths, Physics, German, PE and Music, while the degree of linguistic demands in the tasks was systematically varied. First, the theoretical and empirical research on linguistic difficulty from a range of research discourses is discussed. The findings are merged into a model of linguistic demands. Its operationalization is then illustrated in three linguistically varied versions of the subject-specific tasks. Finally, an outlook on preliminary results of the empirical study is given, which indicate that the categories used in the model actually do produce differences in subject-task difficulty, even though there are a number of effects that need further investigation.