bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extremely north position of the western Pacific subtropical high in summer of 2018: Important role of the convective activities in the western Pacific
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Gao Hui , Ding Ting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn July–August (JA) 2018, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) was stronger than normal. Its ridge line was located the most north in history and the position was above three times of the standard deviation. On the intra‐seasonal timescale, the high ridge was mostly more north than normal from July 5 till the end of August in 2018 and had two significant northward jumps in the first 10 days and last 5 days of July 2018, respectively. The convective activities in the western Pacific should play an important role in the extremely north WPSH in JA 2018. The convection over the western Pacific was the strongest in JA 2018 during the past 38 years. It induced significant subsidence anomalies, an anomalous low‐level anticyclone and positive anomalies of 500‐hPa geopotential height in eastern East Asia. On the daily timescale, the northward movement of the active convection over the western Pacific occurred about 5 days earlier than the northward jump of the WPSH. Additionally, the strong and long‐lasting Madden–Julian oscillation in the western Pacific (Phase 6) also favoured the suppressed convection and positive anomalies of 500‐hPa geopotential height in eastern East Asia. This result could provide a good precursor signal about 5 days advance for the northward jump of the WPSH in summer.
Antibiotic prescribing practices in periodontal surgeries with and without bone grafting
Authors: Hai Justine Hoda , Lee Cliff , Kapila Yvonne L. , Chaffee Benjamin W. , Armitage Gary C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevention of postoperative infection is often the basis for antibiotic prescription; however, the risks of unwarranted antibiotics and lack of guidelines for procedures involving bone grafts creates additional difficulty in decision making for practitioners. This study aims to evaluate practices in antibiotics prescribed for periodontal surgeries with and without bone grafting and acceptability of guidelines.MethodsAn anonymous survey was distributed to periodontists via the California Society of Periodontists e‐mail listserv. The survey questioned prescribing practices for periodontal procedures, prescribing rationale, demographic and dental practice information, and acceptability of guidelines. Results were analyzed using McNemar tests and logistic regression.ResultsPractitioners were significantly less likely to prescribe antibiotics for traditional periodontal surgeries without bone grafting compared with socket preservation, guided tissue regeneration, guided bone regeneration, and sinus augmentation (P < 0.0001). Practitioners were significantly more likely to prescribe antibiotics with more complex bone grafting such as guided bone regeneration and sinus augmentation compared with socket preservation (P < 0.0001). The most common rationale for prescribing antibiotics with bone grafting was to decrease the chances of developing an infection. Seventy‐five percent of practitioners reported they would follow guidelines for antibiotic prescription if they were developed by the American Academy of Periodontology.ConclusionsPractitioners are more likely to prescribe antibiotics with bone grafting and as complexity of the bone grafting procedure increases. Based on these results, the low incidence of infection in periodontal surgery cited in the literature, and willingness of practitioners to adopt guidelines, the establishment of evidence‐based guidelines would be of benefit to the periodontal practicing community.
The Influence of an Organic Salt on Micellization Behavior of Tetradecyltrimethylammonium Bromide in Aqueous Solutions of Trisubstituted Ionic Liquid [Odmim][Cl]
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Punia Renu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe influence of sodium benzoate (Na‐Bz) on micellization behavior of the cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) in aqueous media of trisubstituted imidazolium‐based ionic liquid (IL), 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐octylimidazolium chloride [odmim][Cl], was investigated using conductometry, tensiometry, fluorescence,1H NMR, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Rheology techniques. It was observed that with an increase in salt concentration, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the system decrease. The CMC and various thermodynamic parameters like standard Gibbs free energy of micellization (), standard enthalpy change (), and standard entropy change () were calculated using conductometry and surface parameters such as surface pressure at the interface (Пcac), maximum surface excess concentration (Гmax), minimum surface area per molecule (Amin), and pC20 (adsorption efficiency) were calculated using the tensiometry technique. The aggregation number (Nagg) was calculated using fluorescence measurements. 1H NMR spectra shed light on interactions between the salt and the cationic surfactant in 0.1 wt% IL. DLS gives information about the size distribution of micelles in solution at different concentrations of salt.
Multifactorial analysis of local control and survival in patients with early glottic cancer
Authors: Nomura Tsutomu , Ishikawa Junichi , Ohki Masafumi , Ohata Atsushi , Araki Ryuichiro , Kikuchi Sigeru 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to determine the effects of various prognostic factors for early glottic cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the all patients who were treated at our hospital for early glottic squamous cell carcinoma from 2004 to 2016. Data included patient's age, sex, T classification, tumor size, pathological grade, anterior commissure involvement, subglottic extension, laryngeal ventricle involvement, and restriction of vocal cord movement.ResultsThere were 74 patients with T1 tumors and 31 with T2 tumors. Recurrence was found in four patients with T1 and eight patients with T2. There were 99 males and six females enrolled, and the mean age was 67.5 ± 9.2 years for T1a, 67.3 ± 11.2 years for T1b, and 67.4 ± 7.9 years for T2. One patient with recurrence after 1 month was thought to have a residual tumor. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate and the 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rate for T1–T2 patients were both 100%. The rate of larynx preservation was 94.6% for T1 and 74.2% for T2. A univariate analysis showed that the effective factors were age, T, size, SE. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age influenced the recurrence status. Size is also suspected to be a prognostic factor.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the effective factors were age, T, size, and SE.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1701–1706, 2020
Intestinal tumors in neurofibromatosis 1 with special reference to fatal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
Authors: Ylä‐Outinen Heli , Loponen Niina , Kallionpää Roope A. , Peltonen Sirkku , Peltonen Juha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundType 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1) is a genetic tumor predisposing Rasopathy. NF1 patients have an increased risk for developing benign and malignant tumors, but the occurrence of intestinal tumors has not been investigated at the population level.MethodsIn this retrospective register‐based total population study, diagnoses of gastrointestinal tract tumors were retrieved from the Finnish Care Register for Health Care for 1,410 NF1 patients and 14,030 reference persons. We also reviewed the death certificates of 232 NF1 patients who died during years 1987–2013, and specifically searched for diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).ResultsThe register analysis revealed an increased overall hazard ratio (HR) of 2.6 (95% CI 1.9–3.6) for intestinal tumors in NF1 compared to general population. The highest HR of 15.6 (95% CI 6.9–35.1) was observed in the small intestine. The focused analysis of NF1 death certificates and GISTs demonstrated that the GIST was the primary cause of death in seven patients.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the need for careful evaluation of NF1 patients with gastrointestinal complaints. The challenge in diagnosis is that the tumors preferably occur at the small intestine, which is difficult target for diagnostic procedures. We also show that the NF1 GISTs may lead to fatal outcome despite of benign histopathological findings at the time of the diagnosis.
Dietary Supplementation with Fish Oil or Conjugated Linoleic Acid Relieves Depression Markers in Mice by Modulation of the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Cigliano Luisa , Spagnuolo Maria Stefania , Boscaino Floriana , Ferrandino Ida , Monaco Antonio , Capriello Teresa , Cocca Ennio , Iannotta Lucia , Treppiccione Lucia , Luongo Diomira , Maurano Francesco , Rossi Mauro , Bergamo Paolo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders and nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2), a regulator of RedOx homeostasis and inflammation, is a promising target for depression prevention/treatment. As fish oil (FO) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are known Nrf2 inducers, their protective ability is comparatively evaluated in a murine model of depression (MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr). Oxidative stress, fatty acids content, and critical factors reflecting brain functioning—namely brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), synaptic markers, and cholinergic signaling—are preliminarily evaluated in the frontal cortex of 8‐week (Young) and in 22‐week old animals (Old), which are used as model of depression. These markers are measured in Old mice at the end of a 5‐week pretreatment with FO or CLA (728 or 650 mg kg–1, respectively). Old mice exhibit disrupted Redox homeostasis, compensatory Nrf2 hyperactivation, lower docosaheaxaenoic acid (DHA), and lower BDNF and synaptic function proteins compared to Young mice. FO and CLA treatment relieves almost all the pathophysiological hallmarks at a level comparable to Young mice. Presented data provide the first evidence for the comparable efficacy of FO or CLA supplementation in preventing depression signs in Old MRL/lpr mice, likely through their ability of improving Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant defenses.
Comparing electrical stimulation and tacrolimus (FK506) to enhance treating nerve injuries
Authors: Jo Sally , Pan Deng , Halevi Alexandra E. , Roh Joseph , Schellhardt Lauren , Hunter RA Daniel A. , Snyder‐Warwick Alison K. , Moore Amy M. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Wood Matthew D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNeuroenhancing therapies are desired because repair of nerve injuries can fail to achieve recovery. We compared two neuroenhancing therapies, electrical stimulation (ES) and systemic tacrolimus (FK506), for their capabilities to enhance regeneration in the context of a rat model.MethodsRats were randomized to four groups: ES 0.5 mA, ES 2.0 mA, FK506, and repair alone. All groups underwent tibial nerve transection and repair, and outcomes were assessed by using twice per week walking track analysis, cold allodynia response, relative muscle mass, and nerve histology.ResultsElectrical stimulation and FK506 groups demonstrated improved functional recovery and myelinated axon counts distal to the repair compared with repair alone. Electrical stimulation provided improvements in nerve regeneration that were not different from optimized FK506 systemic administration.DiscussionProviding ES after nerve repair improved regeneration and recovery in rats, with minimal differences in therapeutic efficacy to FK506, further demonstrating its clinical potential to improve management of nerve injuries.
Diffusion tensor imaging of the abdominal organs: Influence of oriented intravoxel flow compartments
Authors: Phi van Valerie , Reiner Caecilia S. , Klarhoefer Markus , Ciritsis Alexander , Eberhardt Christian , Wurnig Moritz C. , Rossi Cristina 
Published: August 2019

Water flow in partially oriented intravoxel compartments mimics an anisotropic fast‐diffusion regime, which contributes to the signal attenuation in diffusion‐weighted images. In the abdominal organs, this flow may reflect physiological fluid movements (eg, tubular urine flow in kidneys, or bile flow through the liver) and have a clinical relevance. This study investigated the influence of anisotropic intravoxel water flow on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the abdominal organs.Diffusion‐weighted images were acquired in five healthy volunteers using an EPI sequence with diffusion preparation (TR/TE: 1000 ms/71 ms; b‐values: 0, 10, 20, 40, 70, 120, 250, 450, 700, 1000 s/mm2; 12 noncollinear diffusion‐encoding directions). DTI of liver and kidneys was performed assuming (i) monoexponential decay of the diffusion‐weighted signal, and (ii) accounting for potential anisotropy of the fast‐diffusion compartments using a tensorial generalization of the IVIM model. Additionally, potential dependency of the metrics of the tensors from the anatomical location was evaluated.Significant differences in the metrics of the diffusion tensor (DT) were found in both liver and kidneys when comparing the two models. In both organs, the trace and the fractional anisotropy of the DT were significantly higher in the monoexponential model than when accounting for perfusion. The comparison of areas of the liver proximal to the hilum with distal regions and of renal cortex with the medulla also proved a location dependency of the size of the fast‐diffusion compartments.Pseudo‐diffusion correction in DTI enables the assessment of the solid parenchyma regardless of the organ perfusion or other pseudo‐diffusive fluid movements. This may have a clinical relevance in the assessment of parenchymal pathologies (eg, liver fibrosis). The fast pseudo‐diffusion components present a detectable anisotropy, which may reflect the hepatic microcirculation or other sources of mesoscopic fluid movement in the abdominal organs.
Patterns of failure and toxicity profile following proton beam therapy for pediatric bladder and prostate rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Buszek Samantha M. , Ludmir Ethan B. , Grosshans David R. , McAleer Mary F. , McGovern Susan L. , Harrison Douglas J. , Okcu M. Fatih , Chintagumpala Murali M. , Mahajan Anita , Paulino Arnold C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurpose/Objective(s)Bladder and prostate are unfavorable sites for rhabdomyosarcoma (B/P‐RMS), and represent a challenging location for radiotherapy.Materials/MethodsNineteen patients with B/P‐RMS were enrolled on a prospective registry protocol (2008‐2017) and treated with chemotherapy, proton beam therapy (PBT), and surgical resection (n = 8; 42%). Emphasis was given to treatment technique, disease‐related outcomes, and toxicity associated with PBT.ResultsThe majority of patients had bladder RMS (74%) of embryonal histology (95%), Group III (68%), and intermediate‐risk disease by Children's Oncology Group (COG) risk stratification (89%). Seven patients (37%) had primary tumors >5 cm in size. All patients were treated according to COG protocols. With a median follow‐up of 66.2 months, 5‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 76%. Four patients (21%) experienced disease relapse, all presenting with local failure. The 5‐year local control (LC) rate was 76%. Tumor size predicted LC, with 5‐year LC for patients with >5 cm tumors being 43% versus 100% for those with ≤5 cm tumors (P = .006). Univariate analysis demonstrated an effect of tumor size on OS (tumor >5 cm, hazard ratio [HR] 17.7, P = .049) and PFS (HR 17.7, P = .049). Acute grade 2 toxicity was observed in two patients (11%, transient proctitis). Late grade 2+ toxicity was observed in three patients (16%; n = 1 grade 2 skeletal deformity; n = 3 transient grade 2 urinary incontinence; one patient experienced both).ConclusionsPBT for B/P‐RMS affords promising disease‐related outcomes with an acceptable toxicity profile. Higher local failure rates were observed for larger tumors, supporting dose‐escalation components of ongoing RMS clinical trials.
The State of the Field: Results from the 2014 and 2017 Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Practice Surveys
Authors: Houtrow Amy J. , Zigler Christina K. , Pruitt David W. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundChildhood disability is on the rise and there is a national shortage of pediatric physiatrists in the United States. The 2009 Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Practice Survey identified concerns regarding inadequate geographic dispersion of providers, salary inequities, and limited academic competitiveness and external funding for research.ObjectiveTo describe the current state of the field of pediatric rehabilitation medicine.DesignSurvey of pediatric physiatrists in the United States in 2014 and 2017.SettingNational.ParticipantsPediatric physiatristsInterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsCharacteristics; clinical activities, responsibilities, and comfort; academic activities; and salaries and productivity.ResultsIn both 2014 and 2017, the majority of pediatric physiatrists who responded were women (~63%) and worked at an academic teaching hospital (~68%). Pediatric physiatrists most commonly held the title of assistant professor and were overrepresented in the Midwest. Overall, 55.8% of providers felt that access was adequate in their area whereas only 3.7% felt access was adequate across the country. In 2017, 52.5% of pediatric physiatrists participated in research or other scholarly activities with 44.2% reporting having published original research at some point in their careers. The inflation adjusted mean salary in 2014 ($227 360) was not statistically different than in 2017 ($232 634, P = .422). In both years, full professors reported the highest academic full‐time salaries. Individuals having at least one leadership title also reported significantly higher average full‐time salaries than individuals with no titles.ConclusionsAlthough gains have been made in terms of academic competitiveness and engagement in research in pediatric physiatry, there are areas of ongoing concern including large geographic practice variations with associated access to care problems, challenges with recruiting physicians to the field, and salary malalignment within the field of PM&R.
Type IIB Flux Vacua and Tadpole Cancellation
Authors: Betzler Philip , Plauschinn Erik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe consider flux vacua for type IIB orientifold compactifications and study their interplay with the tadpole‐cancellation condition. As a concrete example we focus on , for which we find that solutions to the F‐term equations at weak coupling, large complex structure and large volume require large flux contributions. Such contributions are however strongly disfavored by the tadpole‐cancellation condition. We furthermore find that solutions which stabilize moduli in this perturbatively‐controlled regime are only a very small fraction of all solutions, and that the space of solutions is not homogenous but shows characteristic void structures and vacua concentrated on submanifolds.
State‐of‐the‐art framework for design of offshore wind jacket foundations
Authors: Nielsen Martin Bjerre , Jensen Jacob Fisker , Harper Christopher , Knudsen Lennart Skovbjerg , Pedersen Ronnie Refstrup 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019A state‐of‐the‐art framework for the design of jacket foundations for offshore wind turbines is presented here. The article illustrates how an efficient, yet highly accurate, structural model can be achieved through a combination of a comprehensive beam finite element model and detailed shell/solid finite element models, where the former suffices for representing the overall global behaviour and the latter improves the representation of non‐trivial structural details such as the transition piece and tubular joints. This approach allows the verification of standard structural elements according to various design codes to be automated on beam element level, while the fatigue performance via the hot‐spot method as well as detailed stress and buckling analyses of relevant joints and details can be performed based on the detailed shell/solid finite element models readily available for stiffness representation. The computational framework ensures full consistency between the local and global description levels and an efficient cloud interface facilitates the thousands of design load cases that typically require consideration in order that a full detailed design can be simulated within a reasonable timeframe.
Different load bearing mechanisms in headed stud shear connectors for composite beams with profiled steel sheeting
Authors: Vigneri Valentino , Odenbreit Christoph , Lam Dennis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019The current design rules of EN 1994‐1‐1 covering headed stud shear connectors for composite beams with profiled sheeting lead, in some cases, to an overestimation of the load bearing capacity. Owing to their empirical nature, these equations are not able to capture the real behaviour of the connector. Therefore, the load bearing mechanisms of the shear connection are identified in this work with the support of experimental and numerical results. According to the static system proposed, the concrete rib is modelled as a system of diagonal struts in combination with the stud in bending. It was observed that at 1–4 mm slip, a ”strut and beam“ mechanism prevails, where the resistance of the connector depends on the activation of the plastic hinges in the stud and on the capacity of the diagonal strut in front of it. By increasing the slip (approx. 4–10 mm), the surrounding concrete gradually crushes, while the tensile stresses at the edge of the rib reach the tensile strength of the material. Because of this loss of rotational stiffness, the bending moment in the stud decreases and the upper plastic hinge gradually moves towards the slab. At higher displacements (approx. 20–40 mm), high tensile forces develop in the stud due to non‐linear geometric effects and the load is carried through a ”strut and tie“ resistance mechanism, provided that the embedment of the stud is sufficient to prevent the rotation of the rib. As the slip increases further, failure occurs either in the form of concrete pull‐out or stud rupture.