bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Update of annual calving front lines for 47 marine terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland (1999–2018)
Authors: Andersen Jonas K. , Fausto Robert S. , Hansen Karina , Box Jason E. , Andersen Signe B. , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , Van As Dirk , Citterio Michele , Colgan William , Karlsson Nanna B. , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Korsgaard Niels J. , Larsen Signe H. , Mankoff Kenneth D. , Pedersen Allan Ø. , Shields Christopher L. , Solgaard Anne , Vandecrux Baptiste 
Published: June 2019

The Greenland ice sheet has been losing mass in response to increased surface melting (Khan et al. 2015; van den Broeke et al. 2017) as well as discharge of ice from marine terminating outlet glaciers (van den Broeke et al. 2009; Box et al. 2018). Marine terminating outlet glaciers flow to the ocean where they lose mass by e.g. iceberg calving. Currently, the mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet is the largest Arctic contributor to global sea-level rise (van den Broeke et al. 2009, 2017; Box et al. 2018). Therefore, monitoring changes in the Greenland ice sheet is essential to provide policy makers with reliable data.
There is a consensus that most marine terminating outlet glaciers have retreated in recent decades, and that the increased calving rates are a response to recent atmospheric and oceanic warming (e.g. Box et al. 2018; Moon et al. 2018). The rate of dynamic mass loss is determined by changes of the glacier calving front (i.e. its terminus) position, ice thickness and changes in ice flow. Ocean temperature and fjord circulation also influence the calving front stability by melting the glacier below the water line, thinning the ice that is in contact with water (Moon et al. 2014). Change in calving front position is therefore an important indicator for monitoring the dynamic behaviour of the upstream area of the ice sheet, which is further modulated by local topographic features and buttressing effects (Rignot & Kanagaratnam 2006; Nick et al. 2009).
The Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) is dedicated to monitoring changes in the mass budget of the Greenland ice sheet, including monitoring of the calving front lines of marine terminating outlet glaciers. Here, we present an updated collection of annual measurements of end-of-melt-season calving front lines for 47 marine terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland between 1999 and 2018. We also present an example application of the data set, in which we estimate area changes for this group of glaciers since 1999. The Greenland calving front lines were measured from optical satellite imagery obtained from Landsat, Aster, and Sentinel-2 (Table 1). The PROMICE calving front product is freely available for download as ESRI shapefiles.
PEMBELAJARAN LAGU ORAY BUNGKA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Setiaji Denden 
Published: June 2019

Abstrak
Kakawihan barudak yakni salah satunya kawih oray bungka sebgai salah satu media pembelajaran lagu-lagu tradisional Sunda khususnya kini mulai mengalami kemunduran bahkan nyaris dilupakan keberadaannya. Masuknya budaya-budaya barat yang sifatnya lebih popular disinyalir sebagai salah satu pengaruh terbesar menghilangnya kecintaan atau penghargaan terhadap sebuah karya-karya kawih atau kaulinan barudak. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang timbul menggerakan hati para seniman sunda salah satunya Mang Koko yang akhirnya membuat terobosan dalam lagu-lagu kakawihan barudak yang dikemas secara lebih mendalam. Karya yang dibawakan maupun notasi-notasi yang terkandung di dalam karyanya secara tidak langsung dapat mengolah nilai-nilai pendidikan untuk pembentukan karakter anak sejak usia dini.
Kata kunci: Kawih Barudak, Oray Bungka
Abstract
Kawih is a Sundanese song that is not bound by special rules. Kakawihan is a Sundanese song used on traditional children's games. Kakawihan barudak one of them is titled oray bungka is one of the learning media of traditional Sundanese songs that began to decline even almost forgotten. The introduction of a popular western culture is the greatest influence of the disappearance of love or respect for the work of kakawihan barudak. A Sundanese artist that is Mang Koko moved to make a new breakthrough in packing the song kakawihan barudak. The work played and the notations contained in it can indirectly cultivate the value of education for the formation of the character of early childhood.
Keywords: Kawih Barudak; Oray Bungka
PENGUNAAN MEDIA MOVING FLAHSCARD UNTUK STIMULASI KEMAMPUAN LITERASI ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Wirman Asdi , Yulsyofriend Yulsyofriend , Yaswinda Yaswinda , Tanjung Andriana 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRAK
Aspek kemampuan literasi adalah salah satu potensi anak yang mesti dikembangkan semenjak dini. Pengembangan kemampuan literasi mesti seimbang dan terintegrasi dengan lingkup perkembangan anak lainnya. Optimalisasi pengembangan kemampuan literasi menuntut kesiapan para pendidik yang mampu memberdayakan berbagai fasilitas untuk menfasilitasi perkembangan literasi, termasuk perihal media pembelajaran. Pergeseran ke era digital terkadang menjadikan pembalajaran monoton berbasis teknologi komputer. Pada hal tidak tertutup peluang bagi pendidik untuk menggunakan media yang tidak berbasis komputer. Salah satunya adalah media moving flashcard. Media ini akan menfasilitasi anak baik yang memilii gaya belajar visual, audio apalagi kinestetik. Sehingga anak bisa secara bersama-sama belajar dengan fun dan menyenangkan. Selain itu anak juga bisa berkompetisi, bekerja sama sehingga pembelajaran lebih efektif.

Kata Kunci: media moving flaschcard; literasi anak usia dini

Abstract
The aspect of literacy ability is one of the children's potential that must be developed early. The development of literacy skills must be balanced and integrated with the scope of other children's development. Optimizing the development of literacy skills requires the readiness of educators who are able to empower various facilities to facilitate the development of literacy, including about learning media. Shifting to the digital age sometimes makes monotonous learning based on computer technology. In the case of not being closed, opportunities for educators to use media that are not computer-based. One of them is flashcard moving media. This media will facilitate children who have visual, audio and kinesthetic style of learning. So that children can learn together with enjoyfull and fun. In addition, children can compete, working together so that learning is more effective.
Keywords: Moving Flashcard; Literacy of early childhood
Fabrication of phase masks from amorphous carbon thin films for electron-beam shaping
Authors: Grünewald Lukas , Gerthsen Dagmar , Hettler Simon 
Published: June 2019

Background: Electron-beam shaping opens up the possibility for novel imaging techniques in scanning (transmission) electron microscopy (S(T)EM). Phase-modulating thin-film devices (phase masks) made of amorphous silicon nitride are commonly used to generate a wide range of different beam shapes. An additional conductive layer on such a device is required to avoid charging under electron-beam irradiation, which induces unwanted scattering events.Results: Phase masks of conductive amorphous carbon (aC) were successfully fabricated with optical lithography and focused ion beam milling. Analysis by TEM shows the successful generation of Bessel and vortex beams. No charging or degradation of the aC phase masks was observed.Conclusion: Amorphous carbon can be used as an alternative to silicon nitride for phase masks at the expense of a more complex fabrication process. The quality of arbitrary beam shapes could benefit from the application of phase masks made of amorphous C.
Evidence for Shock-heated Gas in the Taffy Galaxies and Bridge from Optical Emission-line IFU Spectroscopy
Authors: Joshi Bhavin A. , Appleton Philip N. , Blanc Guillermo A. , Guillard Pierre , Rich Jeffrey , Struck Curtis , Freeland Emily E. , Peterson Bradley W. , Helou George , Alatalo Katherine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present optical integral field unit observations of the Taffy system (UGC 12914/15), named for the radio emission that stretches between the two galaxies. Given that these gas-rich galaxies are believed to have recently collided head-on, the pair exhibits a surprisingly normal total (sub-LIRG) IR luminosity (L
FIR ∼ 4.5 × 1010
L
⊙). Previous observations have demonstrated that a large quantity of molecular and neutral gas has been drawn out of the galaxies into a massive multiphase bridge. We present, for the first time, spatially resolved spectroscopy of the ionized gas in the system. The results show that the ionized gas is highly disturbed kinematically, with gas spread in two main filaments between the two galaxies. The line profiles exhibit widespread double components in both the bridge and parts of the disks of the galaxies. We investigate the spatial distribution of the excitation properties of the ionized gas using emission-line diagnostic diagrams and conclude that a large quantity (up to 40%) of the emission from the entire system is consistent with gas heated in ∼200 km s−1 shocks. While the shocked gas is mainly associated with the bridge, there is a significant amount of shocked gas associated with both galaxies. Confirming other multiwavelength indicators, the results suggest that the effects of shocks and turbulence can continue to be felt in a high-speed galaxy collision long after the collision has occurred. The persistence of shocks in the Taffy system may explain the relatively low current star formation rates in the system as a whole.
On the Formation of Density Filaments in the Turbulent Interstellar Medium
Authors: Xu Siyao , Ji Suoqing , Lazarian A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study is motivated by recent observations of ubiquitous interstellar density filaments and guided by modern theories of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The interstellar turbulence shapes the observed density structures. As the fundamental dynamics of compressible MHD turbulence, perpendicular turbulent mixing of density fluctuations entails elongated density structures aligned with the local magnetic field, accounting for low-density parallel filaments seen in diffuse atomic and molecular gas. The elongation of low-density parallel filaments depends on the turbulence anisotropy. When taking into account the partial ionization, we find that the minimum width of parallel filaments in the cold neutral medium and molecular clouds is determined by the neutral–ion decoupling scale perpendicular to magnetic field. In highly supersonic MHD turbulence in molecular clouds, both low-density parallel filaments due to anisotropic turbulent mixing and high-density filaments due to shock compression exist.
Determination of GLE of Solar Energetic Particles by Means of Spectral Analysis
Authors: Márquez-Adame Juan C. , Pérez-Peraza Jorge , Velasco-Herrera Victor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Using three nonstationary solar series, the solar flare index (FS), the sunspots index (SS), and the solar flux (F10.7) index, we apply the Morlet wavelet analysis to determine the most dominant harmonics of solar activity, 1.73, 3.27, 4.9, 10.4, and 11 yr. The periodicities obtained are processed by the fuzzy logic method, which allows us to reproduce the occurrence dates of ground level enhancements (GLE), since 1942–2006, which we use as a training baseline of these spectral techniques to determine the occurrence of solar particle enhancements in solar cycles. Then, the result of fuzzy logic is extended to periods later than the training period so as to cover the end of cycle 24 and the beginning of cycle 25. In addition to the forecastable aspect of this work, the obtained results are of high interest in view of the recent controversy that has arisen in relation to the occurrence of small GLE (namely sub-GLE), during cycle 24.
Afinal, RH para quê? um estudo em economia perférica
Authors: Sant'Anna Anderson de Souza , Diniz Daniela Martins , Paiva Susan Mara Gaudensi 
Published: June 2019

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa direcionada a investigar papeis e competências requeridas a profissionais de Recursos Humanos (RH) na realidade de um país de economia periférica (o Brasil). Para tal, procedeu-se revisão teórica que explora relações entre estudos nacionais e internacionais sobre a função RH e o construto “competências”. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa pode ser caracterizada como um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, envolvendo a realização de 32 entrevistas em profundidade com presidentes e diretores de empresas atuantes no Brasil, bem como com especialistas brasileiros na área de gestão de pessoas. Os resultados revelam percepções unânimes quanto à prevalência de modelos de gestão de pessoas centrados na “dimensão operacional”, sinalizando discrepâncias entre o discurso de um “RH Estratégico”
Growth prospects, the natural interest rate, and monetary policy
Authors: Fiedler Salomon , Gern Klaus-Jürgen , Jannsen Nils , Wolters Maik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The recovery from the Global Financial Crisis was characterized by sluggish output growth and by inflation remaining persistently below the inflation targets of central banks in many advanced economies despite an unprecedented monetary expansion. Ten years after the Global Financial Crisis, GDP remains below its pre-crisis trend in many economies and interest rates continue to be very low. This raises the question of whether low GDP growth and low interest rates are a temporary phenomenon or are due to a decline in long-run growth prospects (potential output growth) and equilibrium real interest rates (natural interest rate). Addressing this question is important for central banks for conducting monetary policy and adjusting their strategy. In this paper, the authors address this question based on a review of the literature and an evaluation of the most recent data and discuss implications for monetary policy.
Early summer hydroclimatic signals are captured well by tree-ring earlywood width in the eastern Qinling Mountains, central China
Authors: Zhao Yesi , Shi Jiangfeng , Shi Shiyuan , Ma Xiaoqi , Zhang Weijie , Wang Bowen , Sun Xuguang , Lu Huayu , Bräuning Achim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In the humid and semi-humid regions of China, tree-ring-width (TRW) chronologies offer limited moisture-related climatic information. To gather additional climatic information, it would be interesting to explore the potential of the intra-annul tree-ring-width indices (i.e., the earlywood width, EWW, and latewood width, LWW). To achieve this purpose, TRW, EWW, and LWW were measured from the tree-ring samples of Pinus tabuliformis originating from the semi-humid eastern Qinling Mountains, central China. Standard (STD) and signal-free (SSF) chronologies of all parameters were created using these detrending methods including (1) negative exponential functions combined with linear regression with negative (or zero) slope (NELR), (2) cubic smoothing splines with a 50 % frequency cutoff at 67 % of the series length (SP67), and (3) age-dependent splines with an initial stiffness of 50 years (SPA50). The results showed that EWW chronologies were significantly negatively correlated with temperature but positively correlated with precipitation and soil moisture conditions during the current early-growing season. By contrast, LWW and TRW chronologies had weaker relationships with these climatic factors. The strongest climatic signal was detected for the EWW STD chronology detrended with the NELR method, explaining 50 % of the variance in the May–July self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (MJJ scPDSI) during the instrumental period 1953–2005. Based on this relationship, the MJJ scPDSI was reconstructed back to 1868 using a linear regression function. The reconstruction was validated by comparison with other hydroclimatic reconstructions and historical document records from adjacent regions. Our results highlight the potential of intra-annual tree-ring indices for reconstructing seasonal hydroclimatic variations in humid and semi-humid regions of China. Furthermore, our reconstruction exhibits a strong in-phase relationship with a newly proposed East Asian summer monsoon index (EASMI) before the 1940s on the decadal and longer timescales, which may be due to the positive response of the local precipitation to EASMI. Nonetheless, the cause for the weakened relationship after the 1940s is complex, and cannot be solely attributed to the changing impacts of precipitation and temperature.
Energy Performance, Indoor Air Quality and Comfort in New Nearly Zero Energy Day-care Centres in Northern Climatic Conditions
Authors: Kuusk Kalle , Kaiser Ahmed , Lolli Nicola , Johansson Jan , Hasu Tero , Gunnarshaug Lien Anne , Arumägi Endrik , Kalbe Kristo , Hallik Jaanus , Kurnitski Jarek , Kalamees Targo 
Published: June 2019

The European energy policy pushes the member states to transform building stock into nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB). This paper is focused on data collected from existing nZEB day-care centres,in order to be able to assess possible differences between predicted and actual energy and indoorenvironmental performance. Building structures, service systems and the indoor climate and energyperformance of five day-care centres were investigated in Estonia, Finland and Norway.Indoor climate condition measurements showed that in general, the thermal environment and indoor airquality corresponded to the highest indoor climate categories I and II (EN 15251). Building heating andventilation systems in studied buildings are working without major problems. Good indoor climate conditions were also reflected in the occupant satisfaction questionnaires. For most of the studied buildings, over 80%of the people marked all indoor environment condition parameters (thermal comfort, indoor air quality,acoustics, odour and illuminance) acceptable. The thermal environment in the cooling season was reportedproblematic because it was lower than the minimum temperature for indoor climate category II.Energy consumption analysis showed that measured real energy use was higher, or even significantlyhigher, than the energy use calculated during the design phase. Potential causes of the higher actualenergy consumption are caused by differences of measured and designed solutions, methodology of theenergy calculations, and the differences in user behaviour.Lessons learnt from previously constructed day-care centres can be utilised in the planning and designof new nZEBs.
Performance of Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Circulation, Respiration, Abdomen, Motor, and Speech (CRAMS) score in trauma severity and in-hospital mortality prediction in multiple trauma patients: a comparison study
Authors: Jiang Xiaobin , Jiang Ping , Mao Yuanshen 
Published: June 2019

Background
With an increasing number of motor vehicle crashes, there is an urgent need in emergency departments (EDs) to assess patients with multiple trauma quickly, easily, and reliably. Trauma severity can range from a minor to major threats to life or bodily function. In-hospital mortality and trauma severity prediction in such cases is crucial in the ED for the management of multiple trauma and improvement of the outcome of these patients. Previous studies have examined the performance of Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) or Circulation, Respiration, Abdomen, Motor, and Speech (CRAMS) score based solely on mortality prediction or injury severity prediction. However, to the best of our knowledge, the performances of both scoring systems on in-hospital mortality and trauma severity prediction have not been compared previously. This retrospective study evaluated the value of MEWS and CRAMS score to predict in-hospital mortality and trauma severity in patients presenting to the ED with multiple traumatic injuries.

Methods
All study subjects were multiple trauma patients. Medical data of 1,127 patients were analyzed between January 2014 and April 2018. The MEWS and CRAMS score were calculated, and logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were conducted to investigate their performances regarding in-hospital mortality and trauma severity prediction.

Results
For in-hospital mortality prediction, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCs) for MEWS and CRAMS score were 0.90 and 0.91, respectively, indicating that both of them were good in-hospital mortality predictors. Further, our study indicated that the CRAMS score performed better in trauma severity prediction, with an AUROC value of 0.84, which was higher than that of MEWS (AUROC = 0.77). For trauma severity prediction, the optimal cut-off value for MEWS was 2, while that of the CRAMS score was 8.

Conclusions
We found that both MEWS and CRAMS score can be used as predictors for trauma severity and in-hospital mortality for multiple trauma patients, but that CRAMS score was superior to MEWS for trauma severity prediction. CRAMS score should be prioritized in the prediction of trauma severity due to its excellence as a multiple trauma triage tool and potential contribution to rapid emergency rescue decisions.
Does working long hours increase the risk of cardiovascular disease for everyone?
Authors: Lee Dong-wook , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Myong Jun-Pyo , Choi Jaesung , Hong Yun-Chul , Kang Mo-Yeol 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Introduction
It has been suggested that long working hours are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although studies on health inequality caused by income inequality have been performed, income levels of workers have been considered only as an adjusting factor in the relationship between long working hours and CVD. In the present study, we investigated the modifying effects of household income level in the relationship between working hours and estimated risk of CVD.

Materials and Methods
We analysed a total of 11,602 Koreans who were randomly enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2016) with complete data. Nonparametric associations between weekly working hours and estimated risk of CVD were explored according to quartiles of equalised household income by gender, and the size of linear associations among weekly working hours and estimated CVD risk after stratifying for equalised household income by gender was considered.

Results
A 4.1% increased risk of CVD was associated with 10 hours or longer per day weekly working hours among males with the highest household income after adjusting for age, equalised household income, occupation, and shift work, but such was not associated among lower income groups. Negative associations between equalised household income and estimated CVD risk were observed only among low household income males.

Conclusion
Long working hours and household income level can have differential effects on the risk of CVD by socioeconomic status. This study shows that positive income effect may dominate the potential negative effect of long working hours with respect to the risk of CVD in the low-income group.
Comparative proteomic study of liver lipid droplets and mitochondria in mice housed at different temperatures
Authors: Liu Qingfeng , Zhou Ziyun , Liu Pingsheng , Zhang Shuyan 
Published: June 2019

Laboratory mice are standardly housed at around 23 °C, setting them under chronic cold stress. Metabolic changes in the liver in mice housed at thermoneutral, standard and cold temperatures remain unknown. In the present study, we isolated lipid droplets and mitochondria from their livers in a comparative proteomic study aiming to investigate the changes. According to proteomic analysis, mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and retinol metabolism are enhanced, whereas oxidative phosphorylation is not affected obviously under cold conditions, suggesting that liver mitochondria may increase TCA cycle capacity in biosynthetic pathways, as well as retinol metabolism, to help the liver to adapt. Based on proteomic and immunoblotting results, perilipin 5 and major urinary proteins are increased significantly, whereas mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is decreased dramatically under cold conditions, indicating their involvement in liver adaptation.