bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The distinguishing signature of magnetic Penrose process
Authors: Dadhich Naresh , Tursunov Arman , Ahmedov Bobomurat , Stuchlík Zdeněk 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In this Letter, we wish to point out that the distinguishing feature of magnetic Penrose process (MPP) is its super high-efficiency exceeding $100\hbox{ per cent}$ (which was established in mid 1980s for discrete particle accretion) of extraction of rotational energy of a rotating black hole electromagnetically for a magnetic field of milli Gauss order. Another similar process, which is also driven by the electromagnetic field, is Blandford–Znajek mechanism (BZ) that could be envisaged as high magnetic field limit MPP as it requires threshold magnetic field of order 104 G. Recent simulation studies of fully relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows have borne out super high-efficiency signature of the process for high magnetic field regime; viz BZ. We would like to make a clear prediction that similar simulation studies of MHD flows for low magnetic field regime, where BZ would be inoperative, would also have superefficiency.
Caterina Cornaro
Authors: Hurlburt Holly 
Published: April 2018

Born into the Venetian patriciate class, Caterina Cornaro (also Corner, b. 1454–d. 1510), ruled the island of Cyprus as its last queen from 1473–1489. Her wealthy and ambitious father, Marco, and uncle Andrea possessed political and mercantile interests in the Cypriot kingdom ruled by the French Lusignan family that facilitated her marriage to King Jacques II in 1468, a union sanctioned and supported by the Venetian Republic. His death in 1473 prompted an attempted coup that Caterina and her infant son, Jacques III, evaded with Venetian assistance the following year. The coup provided justification for Venetian interference in Cypriot governance, which, despite Caterina’s resistance, gradually increased until Venice forced her abdication in 1489. After her return to the Venetian mainland, Caterina divided her time between the hill town of Asolo, which she governed on Venice’s behalf as recompense for her sacrifice of her kingdom; her hunting lodge (Barco) at Altivole; and Venice, where she continued to marshal her royal authority, arranging marriages for family and friends and regularly petitioning the Venetian government for offices and benefices for her former courtiers. Perhaps the most famous woman of the Venetian Renaissance, Caterina appeared in the paintings of Gentile Bellini as well as those of other artists. The image of her sacrifice of her kingdom for the sake of Venice appeared on her tomb in the church of San Salvador, Venice, other family tombs, and on the ceiling of the Great Council Hall in the Doge’s Palace. Venerated in humanist orations and poetry, Caterina and her court provided the setting for Pietro Bembo’s poetic musing on the nature of love, Gli Asolani (1505).
Ze’ev Jabotinsky
Authors: Natkovich Svetlana 
Published: April 2018

Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabotinsky (b. 1880, Odessa–d. 1940, Hunter, NY) is one of the most influential, enigmatic, and controversial figures in the history of Zionism. A journalist, cultural critic, translator, novelist, poet, and politician, his accomplishments in every one of these fields would suffice for a distinguished career on its own. He started his career as a nonconformist journalist and aspiring Russian-language poet and playwright in a cosmopolitan fin-de-siècle Odessa, but in the course of 1902–1903 he became drawn to the Zionist movement, gradually rising to a position of one of the promising leaders of Russian Zionism. During the World War I, while working as a war correspondent of central Russian newspaper, he was among the initiators and organizers of Jewish military regiments (Legion) in the British army, and as an officer of the regiment participated in the British conquest of Palestine. In the early 1920s he was among the members of the executive committee of the World Zionist Organization, but his disagreement with Haim Weizmann’s position of compromise regarding the formulation of British policy in Palestine brought about his vocal resignation in 1923. After his resignation, a group of admirers and supporters started consolidating around him, which led to the foundation of the oppositional Revisionist Zionist Movement in the 1925. Among the core policies of the movement were the valorization of capitalist private initiative, the embrace of unapologetic nationalism, and the adoption of a more offensive political position in foreign affairs. During the 1930s, together with the growth of polarization inside Zionist politics, Jabotinsky and his movement became more and more alienated from the Zionist establishment, which led eventually to its resignation from the World Zionist Organization and the foundation of another group, the New Zionist Organization, with Jabotinsky in its head in 1935. Parallel to his political activity, Jabotinsky continued writing and publishing new stories, novels, and essays, mainly in Russian but also in English and Yiddish. Jabotinsky’s presence in the political and intellectual discourse of the Zionist movement from the beginning of the 20th century to our times, as well as his identification with one of the dominant political parties in Israel, has made his ideological and artistic legacy, as observed by his adherents, a defining factor in the reality of the country. However, precisely because of Jabotinsky’s venerated status as a leader, in many cases his figure and actions, along with his literary legacy, are perceived through the lenses of ideological struggles. This has resulted in an extremely heterogeneous body of research on Jabotinsky, when in different works diametrically opposite views on Jabotinsky’s figure and work are articulated—from his perception as a classical liberal to his framing in the context of the radical antimaterialist and even protofascist right.
Safeguarding the Anomalous Vertebral Artery While Dissecting, Drilling, and Instrumentation of C1-2 Joint for Congenital Atlantoaxial Dislocation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Salunke Pravin , Sahoo Sushanta K 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The pathology in congenital atlantoaxial instability is usually in C1-2 joints. Addressing the joints appears to be the most rationale approach. The joints are usually approached posteriorly, manipulated, and fused. Understanding the normal and abnormal anatomy is important. Normally, the third segment of the vertebral artery courses lateral to the C1-2 joint. However, in about 20% of the cases with complex congenital craniovertberal junction anomalies the artery crosses the joint posteriorly. The artery in such cases may be injured while joint manipulation and instrumentation with disastrous consequences. Alternatively, occipital squama can be fused to the cervical spine. However, this requires fusion of multiple segments affecting the neck movements significantly. An anomalous vertebral artery can be dissected, mobilized, and safeguarded while dissecting, manipulating, and fusing the C1-2 joint. In this operative video, authors have highlighted the technique to safeguard the anomalous vertebral artery during joint manipulation.
Proper informed consent was obtained from the patient.
Auditory Icon Alarms Are More Accurately and Quickly Identified than Current Standard Melodic Alarms in a Simulated Clinical Setting
Authors: McNeer Richard R. , Horn Danielle Bodzin , Bennett Christopher L. , Edworthy Judy Reed , Dudaryk Roman 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Current standard audible medical alarms are difficult to learn and distinguish from one another. Auditory icons represent a new type of alarm that has been shown to be easier to learn and identify in laboratory settings by lay subjects. In this study, we test the hypothesis that icon alarms are easier to learn and identify than standard alarms by anesthesia providers in a simulated clinical setting.

Methods
Twenty anesthesia providers were assigned to standard or icon groups. Experiments were conducted in a simulated intensive care unit. After a brief group-specific alarm orientation, subjects identified patient-associated alarm sounds during the simulation and logged responses via a tablet computer. Each subject participated in the simulation twice and was exposed to 32 alarm annunciations. Primary outcome measures were response accuracy and response times. Secondary outcomes included assessments of perceived fatigue and task load.

Results
Overall accuracy rate in the standard alarm group was 43% (mean) and in the icon group was 88% (mean). Subjects in the icon group were 26.1 (odds ratio [98.75% CI, 8.4 to 81.5; P < 0.001]) times more likely to correctly identify an alarm. Response times in the icon group were shorter than in the standard alarm group (12 vs. 15 s, difference 3 s [98.75% CI ,1 to 5; P < 0.001]).

Conclusions
Under our simulated conditions, anesthesia providers more correctly and quickly identified icon alarms than standard alarms. Subjects were more likely to perceive higher fatigue and task load when using current standard alarms than icon alarms.
Relationship Between Audio-Vestibular Functional Tests and Inner Ear MRI in Meniere’s Disease
Authors: Quatre Raphaële , Attyé Arnaud , Karkas Alexandre , Job Agnès , Dumas Georges , Schmerber Sébastien 
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
Meniere’s disease is an inner ear disorder generally attributed to an endolymphatic hydrops. Different electrophysiological tests and imaging techniques have been developed to improve endolymphatic hydrops diagnosis. The goal of our study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of delayed inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous injection of gadolinium with extratympanic clicks electrocochleography (EcochG), phase shift of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (shift-DPOAEs), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease.

Design:
Forty-one patients, with a total of 50 affected ears, were included prospectively from April 2015 to April 2016 in our institution. Patients included had definite or possible Meniere’s disease based on the latest American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines revised in 2015. All patients went through delayed inner ear MRI after intravenous injection of gadolinium (three dimension-fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences), pure-tone audiometry, extratympanic clicks EcochG, shift-DPOAEs, and cVEMP on the same day. Endolymphatic hydrops was graded on MRI using the saccule to utricle ratio inversion defined as when the saccule appeared equal or larger than the utricle.

Results:
Abnormal EcochG and shift-DPOAEs in patients with definite Meniere’s disease (DMD) were found in 68 and 64.5%, respectively. The two methods were significantly associated in DMD group. In DMD group, 25.7% had a positive MRI. The correlation between MRI versus EcochG and MRI versus shift-DPOAEs was not significant. MRI hydrops detection was correlated with hearing loss. Finally, 22.9% of DMD group had positive cVEMP.

Conclusions:
EcochG and shift-DPOAEs were both well correlated with clinical criteria of Meniere’s disease. Inner ear MRI showed hydrops when hearing loss was higher than 35 dB. The shift-DPOAEs presented the advantage of a rapid and easy measurement if DPOAEs could be recorded (i.e., hearing threshold <60dB). In contrast, EcochG can be performed regardless of hearing loss. In combination with shift-DPOAEs, it enhances the chances to confirm the diagnosis with a better confidence.
The latest consensus on antiemetics
Authors: Herrstedt Jørn 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
The present review summarizes and discuss the most recent updated antiemetic consensus.

Recent findings
Two new neurokinin (NK)1-receptor antagonists, netupitant and rolapitant, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency and incorporated in the latest versions of the MASCC/ESMO, ASCO, and NCCN guidelines. Guidelines all recommend a combination of a serotonin (5-HT)3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and a NK1-receptor antagonist in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) with the addition of the multireceptor targeting agent, olanzapine, as an option in cisplatin or anthracycline-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. A combination of a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and a NK1-receptor antagonist is also recommended in patients receiving carboplatin-based chemotherapy, although based on a lower level of evidence. In spite of the development of new antiemetics, nausea has remained a significant adverse effect. Olanzapine is an effective antinausea agent, but sedation can be a problem. Therefore, the effect and tolerability of multitargeting, nonsedative agents like amisulpride, should be explored.

Summary
Guidelines recommend a combination of a 5-HT3-receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and an NK1-receptor antagonist in HEC and carboplatin-based chemotherapy. The addition of olanzapine can be useful in cisplatin-based and anthracycline-cyclophosphamide-based chemotherapy in particular if the main problem is nausea.
DNA damage pathways and B-cell lymphomagenesis
Authors: Knittel Gero , Rehkämper Tim , Nieper Pascal , Schmitt Anna , Flümann Ruth , Reinhardt H. Christian 
Published: April 2018

Purpose of review
Recent lymphoma genome sequencing projects have shed light on the genomic landscape of indolent and aggressive lymphomas, as well as some of the molecular mechanisms underlying recurrent mutations and translocations in these entities. Here, we review these recent genomic discoveries, focusing on acquired DNA repair defects in lymphoma. In addition, we highlight recently identified actionable molecular vulnerabilities associated with recurrent mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which serves as a model entity.

Recent findings
The results of several large lymphoma genome sequencing projects have recently been reported, including CLL, T-PLL and DLBCL. We align these discoveries with proposed mechanisms of mutation acquisition in B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, novel autochthonous mouse models of CLL have recently been generated and we discuss how these models serve as preclinical tools to drive the development of novel targeted therapeutic interventions. Lastly, we highlight the results of early clinical data on novel compounds targeting defects in the DNA damage response of CLL with a particular focus on deleterious ATM mutations.

Summary
Defects in DNA repair pathways are selected events in cancer, including lymphomas. Specifically, ATM deficiency is associated with PARP1- and DNA-PKcs inhibitor sensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
Health and Social Needs of Young Mothers
Authors: Dumas S. Amanda , Terrell Ivy W. , Gustafson Maggie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Teen parenting rates are disproportionately high among minority youth in the Southern United States. We explored barriers and unmet needs relating to medical and social support as perceived by these teen mothers, and elicited suggestions for improving their healthcare through the medical home.

Study Design and Methods:
We conducted four focus groups of 18- to 24-year-old mothers in New Orleans with questions designed to prompt discussions on young motherhood and healthcare. All 18 participants identified as African American, became mothers when <20, and their children were <5 at the time of the study. Two researchers independently analyzed focus group transcripts and coded them thematically, revealing various unmet social and health needs.

Results:
Seven main themes emerged, which revealed a concerning lack of mental healthcare, few with consistent medical homes, inadequate contraceptive knowledge and access, and a desire for parenting education and support groups. Suggestions for improving care largely centered around logistical and material support, such as extended clinic hours, transportation, and baby supplies.

Clinical Implications:
Findings suggest a need for improved medical knowledge, healthcare access, and social support for teen mothers. This may be provided through a multidisciplinary medical home model, such as a Teen-Tot clinic, where the unique challenges of adolescent parenting are continuously considered.
Higher Heart Weight in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Islanders
Authors: Philcox Winston , Garland Jack , Zaidi Faseeh , Morrow Paul , Kesha Kilak , Stables Simon , Wong Christopher X. , Spark Amy , Tse Rexson 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Heart weight is dependent on sex, age, height, and weight. Although previous autopsy studies showed no differences in heart weight between different ethnic groups, none have examined the New Zealand population of Māori and Pacific Islanders (Polynesians). The presented study compared heart weights between 101 European and 85 Polynesian suicide hanging deaths from New Zealand. Univariate linear regression coefficients for age, male sex, height, body weight, body mass index, and Polynesian ethnicity were positive and significant (P < 0.05). Apart from body mass index, subsequent multivariate analysis showed that all regression coefficients remained positive and significant (P < 0.05). Polynesian ethnicity seemed to be an independent predictor for increased heart weight in the study population. Apart from possible genetic factors, the higher heart weight in Polynesians may have other underlying reasons. Caution is required when interpreting heart weight in cases of sudden natural deaths, especially in this population.
Happy and Unhappy Patients: A Quantitative Analysis of Online Plastic Surgeon Reviews for Breast Augmentation
Authors: Dorfman Robert G. , Purnell Chad , Qiu Cecil , Ellis Marco F. , Basu C. Bob , Kim John Y. S. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Online reviews have become modern versions of the word-of-mouth recommendation, and prospective patients are increasingly consulting them before making decisions about their surgical care. The authors’ objectives were to (1) identify trends in the use of online reviews, and (2) important reasons for patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction with aesthetic surgery. The authors selected breast augmentation as the primary procedure of interest.

Methods:
Reviews of the top 10 to 20 most reviewed plastic surgeons in each of six large metropolitan areas were obtained from Google, Yelp, and RealSelf. Reviews were assessed for predefined dimensions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Results:
A total of 1077 breast augmentation reviews were obtained. Ratings were distributed bimodally, with peaks at five stars and one star. The majority of reviews were positive (87.5 percent). Relative popularity of Google versus Yelp varied across geographic regions, and average rating varied by platform. Between 2011 and 2016, the number of online reviews for breast augmentation grew at an average rate of 42.6 percent per year. Aesthetic outcome was the most commonly cited dimension (69.8 percent of reviews), whereas cost was mentioned in only 7.8 percent of reviews. A substantial minority of negative Yelp (37 percent) and Google (9.4 percent) reviews were written by patients who did not actually undergo surgery. Free-text analysis of heterogeneous reviews (containing positive and negative attributes) classified dimensions as critical, redeemable, or protective.

Conclusion:
As the influence of online review platforms continues to grow, understanding drivers of positive and negative reviews may help surgeons improve patient satisfaction.
A Prospective Comparison of Short-Term Outcomes of Subpectoral and Prepectoral Strattice-Based Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Baker Benjamin G. , Irri Renu , MacCallum Vivienne , Chattopadhyay Rahul , Murphy John , Harvey James R. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Prepectoral acellular dermal matrix–assisted immediate implant-based breast reconstruction is gaining popularity, involving complete implant coverage with acellular dermal matrix. The authors aimed to compare pain, patient-reported outcome measures (including implant rippling), and safety of prepectoral and subpectoral Strattice–assisted implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Consecutive patients were recruited prospectively, having either therapeutic or risk-reducing mastectomy. Patients scored their pain three times per day for the first 7 postoperative days on a Likert scale, and completed the BREAST-Q reconstruction module 3 months postoperatively. Clinical records and the authors’ prospective complications database were used to compare the early morbidity of the two procedures.

Results:
Forty patients were recruited into the study. There was no significant difference in pain scores between the prepectoral group (mean, 1.5) and the subpectoral cohort (mean, 1.5; p = 0.45) during the first 7 days. Thirty-one BREAST-Q questionnaires were returned; mean Q scores were similar for both prepectoral and subpectoral (72 and 71, respectively; p = 0.81) groups. Patients reported significantly more visible implant rippling in the prepectoral group than in the subpectoral group (seven of 13 versus two of 17; p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in length of stay or early morbidity, with implant loss being 4.7 percent in the prepectoral group compared with 0 percent in the subpectoral group.

Conclusions:
Early postoperative pain and quality of life at 3 months are equivalent between groups. Early experience of prepectoral implant placement with complete acellular dermal matrix coverage suggests this is safe and provides good quality of life for patients. Further studies are required to compare short- and long-term outcomes with the current standard forms of reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Validated Outcomes in the Grafting of Autologous Fat to the Breast: The VOGUE Study. Development of a Core Outcome Set for Research and Audit
Authors: Agha Riaz A. , Pidgeon Thomas E. , Borrelli Mimi R. , Dowlut Naeem , Orkar Ter-Er K. , Ahmed Maziyah , Pujji Ojas , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Autologous fat grafting is an important part of the reconstructive surgeon’s toolbox when treating women affected by breast cancer and subsequent tumor extirpation. The debate over safety and efficacy of autologous fat grafting continues within the literature. However, work performed by the authors’ group has shown significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting. Core outcome sets have been shown to reduce heterogeneity in outcome reporting. The authors’ goal was to develop a core outcome set for autologous fat grafting in breast reconstruction.

Methods:
The authors published their protocol a priori. A Delphi consensus exercise among key stakeholders was conducted using a list of outcomes generated from their previous work. These outcomes were divided into six domains: oncologic, clinical, aesthetic and functional, patient-reported, process, and radiologic.

Results:
In the first round, 55 of 78 participants (71 percent) completed the Delphi consensus exercise. Consensus was reached on nine of the 13 outcomes. The clarity of the results and lack of additional suggested outcomes deemed further rounds to be unnecessary.

Conclusions:
The VOGUE Study has led to the development of a much-needed core outcome set in the active research front and clinical area of autologous fat grafting. The authors hope that clinicians will use this core outcome set to audit their practice, and that researchers will implement these outcomes in their study design and reporting of autologous fat grafting outcomes. The authors encourage journals and surgical societies to endorse and encourage use of this core outcome set to help refine the scientific quality of the debate, the discourse, and the literature.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.