bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Analysis and Optimal Control of Lung Cancer Growth Model with Education
Authors: Trisilowati  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study discusses the influence of smoking behavior of both active and passive smokers on the growth of lung cancer population through mathematical models. There are four population in this model, namely: susceptible population, active smoker population, passive smoker population, and population of lung cancer patients. The model is then analyzed using stability theory of nonlinear differential equations. Based on analysis result, the model has three equilibrium points: extinction equilibrium point, smoker-free equilibrium point and endemic equilibrium point. These equilibrium points are asymptotically stable under certain conditions. Moreover, education is involved as a control which is applied to susceptible population. The purpose of this optimal control is to minimize the population of smokers and lung cancer as well as the education costs. Pontryagin’s principle is then implemented to solve optimal control problems. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to determine the effectiveness of the controls used.
Interval Parameter Estimation of Quantile Regression Using Bca-Bootstrap Approach with Application to Open Unemployment Rate Study
Authors: Ummah Solehatul , Ratnasari Vita , Prastyo Dedy Dwi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Parameter estimation in the linear regression model using ordinary least square (OLS) method is less precise to analyze data containing outliers. It is because outliers can cause unstable parameter estimate. In addition, the existence of outliers causes residuals to be larger so that the residual’s variance is not constant (heteroscedasticity). One model that is able to overcome the effect of outliers is quantile regression because it can accommodate the non-homogeneous variances in modeling. In this study, the confidence interval of the parameter estimate in the quantile regression model was obtained, i.e., the Bias-Corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap method. The proposed method was applied in modeling the open unemployment rate in Indonesia in 2017. The quantile value used in this study is quantile 0.05, 0.5, and 0.95 with 1500 resampling in BCa-bootstrap approach. The empirical result shows that the best quantile regression model is obtained at the value of quantile 0.95 which has a Pseudo R2 value is 60.45 percent. The model at quantile 0.95 shows that the percentage of youth, economic growth rate, and labor force participation rate have a significant effect on the open unemployment rate in Indonesia.
A Maize Foliar Disease Mathematical Model with Standard Incidence Rate
Authors: Windarto  , Fatmawati  , Putri Kamara Mustiko 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a mathematical model of maize foliar disease with standard incidence rate. The present model is an improvement model from Collins and Duffy, where Collins and Duffy consider a mathematical model with the bilinear incidence rate. The present model has two equilibria namely the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium. We find that the disease-free equilibrium is asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproductive ratio is less than one. On the other hand, the endemic equilibrium will exist and be asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproductive ratio is greater than one. Furthermore, we perform numerical simulations to confirm the analytical results.
Soft Tissue Tumor Classification using Stochastic Support Vector Machine
Authors: Zahras Durrabida , Rustam Zuherman , Sarwinda Devvi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As healthcare is becoming one of the most rapidly changing industries by the increasing type of diseases, technology plays an important role in helping medical staffs solve those medical problems. Soft tissue tumors are tumors in the musculoskeletal system that involve soft tissue (tissue other than bone tissue). It includes muscle tissue, nerves, blood vessels, fat, and connective tissue. This soft tissue tumor is divided into two, namely benign and malignant. To prevent any medical errors in classifying patients’ data, one machine learning called Stochastic Support Vector Machine is being studied. In this study, we will evaluate soft tissue tumor patients’ data in Nur Hidayah Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia using Stochastic Support Vector Machine to see its accuracy. The result is encouraging that Stochastic Support Vector Machine works better than the original Support Vector Machine.
Potential Fatty Acid Composition of Hermetia illucens Oil Reared on Different Substrates
Authors: Alifian M D , Sholikin M M , Evvyernie Dwierra , Nahrowi  
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Hermetia illucens larvae (HiL) has been studied because of its capability to break down organic waste. HiL can convert waste biomass efficiently, that can be used as future feedstuffs. This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acids composition from HiL oil (HiLO) which reared on the different substrates. The experimental was compared of (1) HiL reared on palm kernel meal and (2) HiL reared on 80% industrial waste mix with 20% organic waste. The chemical composition of HiL measured base on the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The Hermetia illucens larvae oil (HiLO) was extracted according to the modification of the Soxhlet extraction procedure. Fatty acid compositions were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The data collected and analyzed as descriptive. The results of this study ether extract content of HiL (1) 51.46% higher than HiL (2), this is due to substrate types. Fatty acids of both are almost the same and the most dominant are lauric acid 40.54% and 46.72%, oleic acid 17.48% and 15.98%, palmitic acid 14.55% and 12.12% and myristic acid 15.57 and 11.13 %, respectively for each HiLO (1) and (2). The conclusion of this study is the HiL reared on different substrates affect lipid content but the fatty acid composition is similar.
Bioactivity of Flavonoid in Ethanol Extract of Annona squamosa L. Fruit as Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Authors: Alvionita Mieke , Oktavia Ira , Subandi  , Muntholib  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The global gout prevalence was increased rapidly in recent decades, especially in some developing countries. One of the most commonly used to treat gout is allopurinol, that act as xanthine oxidase inhibitor. However, consuming allopurinol in the long term can cause some unwanted side effects. On the other hand, many kinds of flavonoid compounds identified in some Indonesian grown plants have bioactivity as xanthine oxidase inhibitor. One of that is sugar apple (Annona squamosa L. fruit). Therefore, the aims of this study were to isolate the flavonoid compounds in ethanol extracts of sugar apple and to test the activity as xanthine oxidase inhibitor relative to allopurinol. The study has been carried out in some phases: (1) flavonoid extraction using 70% ethanol, (2) purification of the flavonoid isolate using n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate as solvent, (3) flavonoids identification and (4) inhibitory activity test against xanthine oxidase, relative to allopurinol using spectroscopy methods. The results have shown that: from 275 grams of sugar apple fruit can be isolated 6 grams of flavonoid with the purity of 95.26% (according to HPLC peak) and has xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was higher (83%) than allopurinol (48%) at the same concentration (100 ppm). Moreover, based on in silico study, there was also confirmed that a flavonoid compound found in Annona squamosa L., has higher binding affinity to the xanthine oxidase than allopurinol. This result thus indicated the flavonoid isolated from Annona squamosa L. might be a promising herbal drug for gout treatment.
Effect of Mixed Inoculums Volume and pH on Anti Nutritional Level in Cabbage Fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Ananda Tinok Dwi , Srihardyastutie Arie , Prasetyawan Sasangka , Safitri Anna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) that is one of the widely consumed vegetables, contains significant amounts of anti-nutritional components, such as tannin. This component can be reduced by fermentation, where bacterial tannase activity is able to degrade tannin into glucose and gallic acid. A simultaneously mixed cultures fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum has been developed because they possess some mutualism interaction that can be beneficial in the fermentation process. Therefore, this research was focused on the effect of mixed inoculums volume of S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum and initial culture pH on the tannin and glucose level during cabbage fermentation. The sliced cabbage was inoculated with simultaneously mixed cultures (volume ratio of yeast and bacteria used was 1:1) at a different volume range 5%-25% (v/v) and also various pH range from 4 to 7, and then incubated at room temperature in anaerobic condition for 4 days. Tannin and glucose level in fermented cabbage (both biomass and filtrate) were determined using Folin-Denis and phenol-sulphuric method, respectively. The using of 5% mixed inoculums volume and initial pH around 7 were found to be the optimum condition for tannin degradation in cabbage. The remained tannin level in these fermented cabbage decreased up to 18.58% (54.061 mg/100 g FW). This experiment reveals that the amounts of inoculums and initial culture pH affected tannin degradation during cabbage fermentation using mixed cultures of yeast and lactic acid bacteria.
Effect of DMSO concentration on the quality of goat fetus fibroblast cell cultured in vitro
Authors: Karima H N , Susilawati Trinil , Djati M S , Ciptadi Gatot , Setiyawati  , Putri Ardyah R I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is one of the cryoprotectants that have been used in cell freezing. Cryoprotective agents are necessary to deal with damage in cells associated with slow freezing. Goat foetuses are obtained from local slaughterhouse in Sukun, Malang, East Java. Using various DMSO concentration that were 0% control, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The cell was free with slow freeze methods using Mr. Frosty in -20°C. After 24 days, the samples were analyzed for their viability, size, and abnormality. The result shows the cell size ranged from 3 µm until 5 µm in all samples, categorized as small cell. In viability is significantly influential on 10% DMSO concentration of 92%, while at 0% concentration is 0%, 5% concentration is 56%, and 15% concentration is 89.67%. The abnormality in DMSO 0% all cells are dead and the tissue isn’t developing, in DMSO 5% the abnormality is 3.17%, DMSO 10% is 2.5%, and DMSO 15% 5.67. From the results, we can conclude that the concentration of 10% of DMSO is the best concentration to be used as a freezing method for goat fetus cells.
Alkaloid Fraction of Litsea glutinosa Leaves Provides an Important Precursor for Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Activity
Authors: Kisnawaty S W , Nityasewaka P , Sukma B A R , Putrinadia A V , Ma’rifah T , Tamtomo D G , Indarto D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that plays an important role in metabolic and immunological functions. DPP-4 inhibitor is an alternative oral drug for the therapy of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who do not respond to the standard therapy (metformin). However, long term uses of this drug remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a phytochemical that could inhibit the DPP-4 and to extract it. This biocomputational study used a molecular docking method. Three-dimensional structure of DPP-4 and sitagliptin was downloaded from Protein Data Bank with access code PDB 3F8S and ZINC database with access code ZINC22007143. Indonesian phytochemicals were selected as research samples, which had 3 D structure and met the criteria of Lipinski. Leaves of L. glutinosa were extracted using the soxhletation method with ethanol solvent of which alkaloid fraction was generated with phosphoric acid, n-hexane and chloroform solvents. Boldine concentration in extract and alkaloid fraction of L. glutinosa leaves was quantified using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography device. Actinodaphnine interacted with the catalytic triad of DPP4 (Ser 630 and His 740) and had three additional residues to bind to DPP-4 as same as sitagliptin (Glu 205, Glu 206 and Tyr 662). Naturally, actinodaphnine was synthesized from boldine. Total boldine concentration in L. glutinosaextract and alkaloid fraction were 1.11 and 2.14 mM respectively. Boldine as the precursor of actinodaphnine was successfully isolated from L. glutinosa leaves and will become a promising phytochemical for drug development of DPP-4 inhibitor.
Potential of lactic acid bacteria from asam durian as a probiotic candidate for chicken
Authors: Putri Audina , Wiryawan Komang Gede , Toharmat Toto , Suharti Sri 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The use of antibiotics as a growth promoter for chickens may develop resistance to pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract of chickens. Other negative impacts on food safety came from antibiotic residues. One alternative that can be used as a substitute for antibiotics is probiotics. Probiotics derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is safe beside that it is potential to improve growth and chicken health. This study aimed to obtain LAB isolates from asam durian which is a local food in West Sumatera. This study consisted of several steps i.e., isolation, identification, antagonistic test to patogenic bacteria and isolates survival in the gastrointestinal tracts. Results of this study found that 8 isolates of LAB were morphologically identified with negative catalase and gram-positive bacteria. All LAB isolates had inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli. The diameter of the inhibitory zone was used to select the potential of LAB and further tested for their survival in the digestive tract at pH 2, 4 and 6 and 0.5% bile salts. Isolate P1 and isolate P3 had inhibitory zone diameters of 17.35 mm and 16.08 mm, respectively, which could survive at the pH of 2, 4 and 6 and 0.5% bile salts. It is concluded that isolate P1 and isolate P3 from asam durian have the potential as probiotics for chickens because they inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and can survive in the gastrointestinal conditions.
The Rice Bran as Therapy Agent to Decrease the SGOT/SGPT activities and Improve the Histopathology of Liver in White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by High Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Roosdiana Anna , Hendrawan Viski Fitri , Wulandari Mimin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic disorder on increase of total cholesterol levels in blood exceeding normal values. The high cholesterol levels in the blood will be balance by converting to bile acids. The synthesis of bile acids will produce the excessive free radicals leading to oxidative stress. The oxidative stress cause lipid peroxidation of hepatic cell membranes that will increase SGOT and SGPT activities in the blood and changes in the histology of the liver. The content of crude fiber and antioxidants in rice bran are able to overcome the hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of rice bran as a therapy in white rats (Rattusnorvegicus) high-cholesterol diet model on SGOT and SGPT activities and histopathologic images of liver. Rats were divided into 5 groups, namely: negative control group, positive control group, rice bran therapy group with dose 16%/rat/day, 38%/rat/day and 57%/rat/day. Rice bran therapy performed for 21 days. SGOT and SGPT activities were determined by spectrophotometry and hepatic histopathologic images were observed with HE (Hematoxylin-Eosin) staining. The levels of SGOT and SGPT were analyzed by one-wayANOVA with α = 5% and histopathology of liver was analyzed descriptively. The results showed that rice bran with dose of 57%/rat/day significantly (p <0.05) can decrease SGOT and SGPT activities. Histopathologic observations showed that antioxidants in rice bran could reduce fatty acids on hepatic histopathology. The dosage of 57%/rat/day showed to decrease SGOT, SGPT activities and can reduce fatty acids on hepatic. It can be concluded that the administration of rice bran can reduce the activities of SGOT, SGPT and improve the histopathology of liver rat induced by high cholesterol diet.
Antibacterial and radical scavenger activities of extract and compounds of Wualae (Etlingera elatior) stems from Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Sahidin I , Wahyuni  , Malaka M H , Fristiohady Adryan , Saleh Ahmad , Marianti A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Two known compounds, namely stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one (1) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (2) are firstly reported from stems of E. elatior. Isolation were carried out by chromatography technique including Thin Layer Chromatrography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) and radial chromatography (RC) with silica gel as adsorbent and mixture of solvents as eluen. Structure of isolated compounds were determined by spectroscopy methods i.e. FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR and also by comparison the spectroscopies data with the same data from references. Biological activities of isolated compounds evaluated against some bacteria consist of Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0060, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, dan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 and also against DPPH (2,2-diphenil 1-pichylhydazyl) radical as antiradical scavenger activity. The result showed that generally, antibacterial potency those samples i.e. methanol extract, stigmast-4-en-6β-ol-3-one and p-hydroxybenzoic acid less active than positive control (chloramphenicol). Individually, antibacterial activity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid > methanol extract > stigmast-4-en-6 β-ol-3-one. In addition, p-hydroxybenzoic acid is the most active against S. mutans. Radical scavenger activity of tested samples is less active than than positive control (ascorbic acid). Furthermore, the radical scavenger potency of p-hydroxybenzoic acid > methanol extract > stigmast-4-en-6 β-ol-3-one.
The inhibitory effect of Andrographis paniculata extract on proliferation of breast cancer cell line
Authors: Sholihah M M , Indarto D , Pramana T Y 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAerobic glycolysis is commonly used as the main energy source for cancer cell growth. Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) plays an important role in maintenance of ATP production in the mitochondria.NeoandrographolideinAndrographis paniculatapotentially inhibit AK2 activityin silico. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect ofA. paniculataextract on proliferation of breast cancer cell line. This experimental laboratory used MCF-7 cell line andA. paniculataplants, which were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol.Neoandrographolideconcentration inA. paniculataextract was determined using HPLC. A total 1x104MCF-7 cells were incubated for 24 hours with or without 0.4% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide as solvent (SC) or negative control (NC) group. The same amount of MCF-7 cells was treated withA. paniculataextract with 3 different dosages: 222 ppm (AE1), 111 ppm (AE2) and 55.5 ppm (AE3). The inhibition of cell proliferation used the 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests with p value <0.05.Ethanol extract ofA. paniculatacontained 4.43 µMneoandrographolide.The inhibition of MCF-7 cell proliferation was found in AE1 (47.98%) and AE2 (30.50%) groups and was significantly different from the NC group. While the percentage of MCF-7 cell inhibition in the AE1 group differed from NC (p = 0.002) and SC (p = 0.013) groups. Ethanol extract ofA. paniculatacan inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation. Further Study is needed to investigate the role ofneoandrographolideon inhibition of AK2 activity in MCF-7 cells.
The activity of Flavonoid Isolates from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed as Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitor
Authors: Subandi  , Utami Pancasari Wiji , Brotosudarmo Tatas H.P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Excessive fat consumption can cause obesity, which is currently one of the global problems, because it can trigger various diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and so on. Absorption of fat into the body requires pancreatic lipase enzymes, which can be reduced by lipase inhibitors such as orlistat drugs. Previous research has shown that the extract of papaya seed, which contains many flavonoids, was able to inhibit pancreatic lipase. Therefore, the aims of this study are to isolate and identify the flavonoid compounds from papaya seeds that are active as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Papaya seed powder was extracted using ethanol 70%, followed by isolation using TLC, identification by phytochemical test and UV and IR spectroscopy, while pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity has been done using titrimetric method. To confirm the Inhibitory activity of the predicted flavonoid against the enzyme, also had been done in silico study. The results had shown that there are two types of flavonoid in the ethanol extract of papaya seed, that are active as pancreatic lipase inhibitors. The two flavonoid isolates have inhibition power of 132 and 12 times stronger than orlistat in the same mass. Result of UV-VIS and IR spectrum has shown that both isolates were suspected to have a similar structure to the three flavonoid compounds: epicatechin, catechin or epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). In silico study, also confirmed that each of the predicted flavonoids has higher binding affinity against pancreatic lipase, than orlistat.
Sugar-Rich Hydrolyzates from Coffee Pulp Waste which Produced under Solid State Fermentation by Pestalotiosis sp. VM9 and Aspergillus sp. VTM5, and Its Efficiency as Medium for Single Cell Protein Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ubaidillah Syafiq , Muzakhar Kahar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polysaccharides rich coffee pulp is one of some abundant agricultural waste in Indonesia. The pulp also contains protein which may lead to be an important source for industrial bioprocessing. Under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by Pestalotiosis sp VM9 using of this pulp, reducing sugar was produced 392.35 μg/ml after 6 days incubation at 30°C. Meanwhile, SSF of the pulp by Aspergillus sp. VTM5, after 5 days of incubation 446.6 µg/ml of reducing was released. The investigation proved that the hydrolyzates medium which were produced under SSF by Pestalotiosis sp VM9 and Aspergillus sp. VTM5 can be used as a source for single cell protein (SCP) Saccharomyces cerevisiae production. The SCP productions using both hydrolyzates were1.89x106 2.9x106 cell/mL after 54 and 48 hours of incubation at 30°C. Furthermore, during SCP production, S. Cerevisiae consumed sugars as carbon sources in a range of 189.8-225.5 μg/ml (49.5-51.6%) from initial concentration. From the results, it is suggested that the coffee pulp waste can be used as a cheap medium for SCP production. Further investigation to improve SCP production efficiency, optimizing of hydrolysis under SSF and analysis of hydrolyzates component were needed.