bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances on Black Phosphorus for Energy Storage, Catalysis, and Sensor Applications
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Hu Kui , Yan Dafeng , Chen Ru , Zou Yuqin , Liu Hongbo , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a new type of 2D semiconductor, black phosphorus (BP) possesses high charge‐carrier mobility and theoretical capacity, thickness‐dependent bandgap, and anisotropic structure, which has attracted tremendous attention since early 2014. To explore its full application in all aspects, studies based on BP nanostructures are swiftly expanding from the electronic field to energy storage and even biochemistry. The mechanism and application of BP in Li‐/Na‐ion battery anodes, oxygen evolution reaction/hydrogen evolution reaction catalysis, photocatalytic hydrogen production, and selective sensors are summarized. Based on the solid research on this topic, feasible improvements and constructive suggestions regarding these four fields are put forward.
Intelligent Mesoporous Materials for Selective Adsorption and Mechanical Release of Organic Pollutants from Water
Authors: Xie Siying , Wu Shanshan , Bao Sihan , Wang Yanqiu , Zheng Yongtai , Deng Danfeng , Huang Liping , Zhang Lingling , Lee Myongsoo , Huang Zhegang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite recent advances in the porous materials for efficient removal of dissolved organic pollutants from water, the regeneration of porous characteristics for reuse with preventing secondary contamination remains a challenge. Here, novel supramolecular absorbents with hydrophobic pore are prepared by the self‐assembly of propeller‐shaped aromatic amphiphiles. The assembly of folded propeller provides a mesoporous environment within aromatic segments, which is suitable for the removal of organic pollutants from waste water. The removal efficiency is found to be 92% and 90% for ethinyl oestradiol (Eo) and bisphenol A (BPA). Notably, the folded architecture of propeller is observed to be flattened by the salt addition, which results in the strong π–π interaction driving the porous materials closed and forms solid fibers. It is found that most of the removed pollutants are spontaneously released by the dynamic porous assembly, and subsequent dialysis triggers the porous materials to be recovered.
Hierarchical Micro‐/Nanostructures from Human Hair for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zheng Di‐Wei , Hong Sheng , Xu Lu , Li Chu‐Xin , Li Ke , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWith the prominent progress of biomedical engineering, materials with high biocompatibility and versatile functions are urgently needed. So far, hierarchical structures in nature have shed some light on the design of high performance materials both in concept and implementation. Inspired by these, the hierarchical micro‐/nanostructures of human hair are explored and human hair is further broken into hierarchical microparticles (HMP) and hierarchical nanoparticles (HNP) with top‐down procedures. Compared with commercialized carriers, such as liposomes or albumin nanoparticles, the obtained particles exhibit high hemocompatibility and negligible immunogenicity. Furthermore, these materials also display attentional abilities in the aspects of light absorption and free radical scavenging. It is found that HMP and HNP can prevent skin from UV‐induced damage and relieve symptoms of cataract in vitro. Besides, both HMP and HNP show satisfactory photothermal conversion ability. By using microcomputed tomography and intravital fluorescence microscopy, it is found that warfarin‐loaded HMP can rescue mice from vein thrombosis. In another aspect, HNP modified with tumor targeted aptamers exhibit dramatic antineoplastic effect, and suppress 96.8% of tumor growth in vivo. Thus, the multifaceted materials described here might provide a new tool for addressing biomedical challenges.
Camphor‐Enabled Transfer and Mechanical Testing of Centimeter‐Scale Ultrathin Films
Authors: Wang Bin , Luo Da , Li Zhancheng , Kwon Youngwoo , Wang Meihui , Goo Min , Jin Sunghwan , Huang Ming , Shen Yongtao , Shi Haofei , Ding Feng , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCamphor is used to transfer centimeter‐scale ultrathin films onto custom‐designed substrates for mechanical (tensile) testing. Compared to traditional transfer methods using dissolving/peeling to remove the support‐layers, camphor is sublimed away in air at low temperature, thereby avoiding additional stress on the as‐transferred films. Large‐area ultrathin films can be transferred onto hollow substrates without damage by this method. Tensile measurements are made on centimeter‐scale 300 nm‐thick graphene oxide film specimens, much thinner than the ≈2 μm minimum thickness of macroscale graphene‐oxide films previously reported. Tensile tests were also done on two different types of large‐area samples of adlayer free CVD‐grown single‐layer graphene supported by a ≈100 nm thick polycarbonate film; graphene stiffens this sample significantly, thus the intrinsic mechanical response of the graphene can be extracted. This is the first tensile measurement of centimeter‐scale monolayer graphene films. The Young's modulus of polycrystalline graphene ranges from 637 to 793 GPa, while for near single‐crystal graphene, it ranges from 728 to 908 GPa (folds parallel to the tensile loading direction) and from 683 to 775 GPa (folds orthogonal to the tensile loading direction), demonstrating the mechanical performance of large‐area graphene in a size scale relevant to many applications.
Unique Energy Alignments of a Ternary Material System toward High‐Performance Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Cheng Pei , Wang Jiayu , Zhang Qianqian , Huang Wenchao , Zhu Jingshuai , Wang Rui , Chang Sheng‐Yung , Sun Pengyu , Meng Lei , Zhao Hongxiang , Cheng Hao‐Wen , Huang Tianyi , Liu Yuqiang , Wang Chaochen , Zhu Chenhui , You Wei , Zhan Xiaowei , Yang Yang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncorporating narrow‐bandgap near‐infrared absorbers as the third component in a donor/acceptor binary blend is a new strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPV). However, there are two main restrictions: potential charge recombination in the narrow‐gap material and miscompatibility between each component. The optimized design is to employ a third component (structurally similar to the donor or acceptor) with a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level similar to the acceptor and a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level similar to the donor. In this design, enhanced absorption of the active layer and enhanced charge transfer can be realized without breaking the optimized morphology of the active layer. Herein, in order to realize this design, two new narrow‐bandgap nonfullerene acceptors with suitable energy levels and chemical structures are designed, synthesized, and employed as the third component in the donor/acceptor binary blend, which boosts the PCE of OPV to 11.6%.
Graphene Oxide‐Based Polymeric Membranes for Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Yuntao , Tian Enling , Li Jing , Ren Yiwei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMembrane technologies for water treatment and desalination are increasingly developed and utilized to address the global challenges of water security and supply. Membrane‐based separations can produce water with desirable qualities from a wide range of water sources, such as groundwater, seawater, brackish water, and wastewater. However, the membranes, which are typically made from polymers, are still restricted by their inherent limitations, including a permeability/selectivity trade‐off and a high fouling propensity. Functionalized graphene (i.e., graphene oxide and its functionalized derivates) is regarded as a very promising nanomaterial for overcoming these limitations owing to its superior hydrophilicity, mechanical stability, bacteriostasis, and biocidal properties. The addition of a small amount of this nanomaterial (normally less 1 wt% based on the weight of polymer) into polymeric membranes significantly improves their physicochemical properties and provides new functionalities. In this review, the recent advances in the preparation of functionalized graphene and its integration into polymer membranes for water treatment are summarized. The influences of functionalized graphene on the separation performance, antifouling ability, chlorine resistance, and mechanical properties of membranes are revealed. Current challenges and future perspectives in the development of high‐performance functionalized graphene–polymer membranes are also discussed.
Flexible Wire‐Shaped Perovskite Photodetector via Joule Heating for Improved Crystallization and Performance
Authors: Adams Geoffrey Ryan , Adhikari Nirmal , Parker Helen , Okoli Okenwa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganolead triiodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) is used extensively as the absorber material for both solar cells and photodetectors; however, the reported photodetectors are all planar and flexible planar devices. To the best of knowledge the first flexible wire‐shaped perovskite photodetector is reported. The performance of the wire‐shaped perovskite photodetector on carbon nanotube yarn (CNY) critically depends on the surface geometry and annealing conditions. The use of joule heating method for uniform control of temperature on CNY surface results in smooth perovskite crystalline films, which are used to produce self‐powering photodetectors with strong responsivity (10.2 A W−1), detectivity (1.76 × 1011 J), and Ilight/Idark (45). This development displays the role of joule heating in the annealing process and demonstrates a cheap, repeatable method for the fabrication of self‐powered perovskite photodetectors.
Enhancement of Wetting and Mechanical Properties of UHMWPE‐Based Composites through Alumina Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Shimel Meni , Gouzman Irina , Grossman Eitan , Barkay Zahava , Katz Sari , Bolker Asaf , Eliaz Noam , Verker Ronen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUltrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers suffer from poor adhesion to polar matrices in composites due to their chemically inert surface, thus limiting the use of UHMWPE‐based fabrics and composites. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a useful method of constructing a thin oxide layer, with a variety of oxides available, enabling a nondestructive method for surface modification. Here, UHMWPE fibers and fabrics are coated by ALD with a thin alumina layer, using two precursors—trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water—to a final coating thickness of 39 nm. The effect of the oxide coating layer is determined by various mechanical and physical tests. The contact angle is reduced by 44–49%, indicating a substantial increase in wettability. Significant improvements are observed in the flexural modulus, flexural strength, interlaminar shear strength, resilience, and toughness. Frequency dependence tests show an improvement in storage modulus at all tested frequencies, insinuating higher impact toughness at high strain rates. Failure analysis reveals a change in the failure mode, from pinholes formation and adhesion failure to cohesion failure and mixed failure modes. Thus, the use of ALD alumina‐coated UHMWPE fibers in composites shows high scientific and technological potential.
Multifunctional Trimetallic Colloidal Plasmonic Nanohybrid: Highly Efficient Photocatalyst and Photothermal Agent
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Awasthi Ganesh Prasad , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, preparation of novel multimetallic core–satellite Pt‐nanodots decorated TiO2‐coated AuNPs (AuNPs@TiO2@Pt) plasmonic nanoparticles with well‐defined spherical dendritic morphology and excellent colloidal stability are reported. The coating of a TiO2 layer and PtNDs maximizes the surface plasmon resonance as there is a redshift from 525 to 550 nm and also increases surface area significantly. Prepared plasmonic nanohybrid is tested for multiple photosystems such as water pollutants (methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl red) photodegradation at room temperature in visible light irradiation, and photothermal studies in near‐infrared (NIR, 808 nm) light. AuNPs@TiO2@Pt shows complete photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes (methylene blue = 40 min, methyl orange = 75 min, and methyl red = 60 min) at room temperature and the pseudo first‐order rate constant is found to be 0.1242, 0.047, and 0.068 min−1 for methylene blue, methyl orange, and methyl red degradation, respectively. Moreover, AuNPs@TiO2@Pt also shows a high photothermal effect in NIR light irradiation with an excellent morphological and photostability.
Doping Cu Atoms Excel as the Functional Material to Tune the Wettability for TMeNs Hard Coating
Authors: Zhang Kan , Liu Chang , Wen Mao , Chen Yuning , Song Jinlong , Yang Lina , Cao Jiashu , Yu Shansheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe hard yet hydrophobic surface capable of withstanding harsh conditions is needed in a broad range of applications. This combined computational‐experimental study exhibits an effective modification method for transition metal nitrides protective coatings toward both excellent mechanical and robust hydrophobic properties. It indicates that the introduction of low concentrations of Cu as the solute atoms substitute for the Ta atoms in TaN lattice can form the TaCuN solid solution structure. Meanwhile, the evolution of microstructure induces the refined grains and higher H/E*, which results in a combination of improved hardness and enhanced toughness. Better yet, a moderate incorporation of solute Cu atoms into TaN structure can induce a charge depletion state and form a Cu2O surface on TaN, as demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron density difference pattern. The Cu2O phase has an essentially full Cu 3d shell achieving the coordinative saturation, which can inhibit hydrogen bonding with interfacial water molecules, succeeded in enhancing the hydrophobicity of TaN. Density functional theory calculations are further employed to clarify that hydrophobic feature of Cu2O groups should be responsible for the tuning of wettability via destroying hydrogen‐bonding network of water molecules next to the surface.
Intense Single Red Emission Induced by Near‐Infrared Irradiation Using a Narrow Bandgap Oxide BiVO4 as the Host for Yb3+ and Tm3+ Ions
Authors: Huang Huining , Wang Zeyan , Huang Baibiao , Wang Peng , Zhang Xiaoyang , Qin Xiaoyan , Dai Ying , Zhou Guangjun , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a new way of producing a single red emission under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, the possibility of using a narrow bandgap oxide as the host for the sensitizer Yb3+ ion as well as a suitable activator ion such as Ho3+, Er3+, or Tm3+ is considered, because the host can absorb the emissions of the activator ion higher in energy than the red emission. To verify this new concept, BiVO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ using a sol–gel method is prepared and its photoluminescence properties are characterized. BiVO4 has the bandgap of ≈2.4 eV so that, under NIR irradiation, it absorbs the blue and other higher‐energy emissions of Tm3+. As a consequence, BiVO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ exhibits an intense single red emission under the NIR irradiation. The high‐energy emissions absorbed by the host generate electron–hole pairs in the host, so that BiVO4:Yb3+,Tm3+ acts as a photocatalyst under NIR irradiation although the host alone cannot absorb the NIR light. NIR‐induced upconversion luminescence (UCL) and photocatalysis in the region of red lights can be achieved by employing a semiconducting oxide as the host for sensitizer and activator lanthanide ions.
Advanced Sustainable Thermoplastics Based on Wood Residue Using Interface Nanomodification Technique
Authors: Bao Lixia , Zou Xin , Chi Shuai , Dong Shunping , Lei Jingxin , Wang Jiliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWood residue (WR) is one of the most important biorenewable and sustainable resources, however, it is still a big challenge to directly use such hydrophilic resources to obtain thermoplastics by common thermoplasticization methods. Consequently, WR is usually used as fuel to produce heat or as fillers in furniture and decoration materials. Herein, a WR‐based sustainable thermoplastic with both good thermoplasticity and waterproof performance by grafting hydrophobic n‐octanol side chains (IP‐8) onto the WR is reported. Thermoplasticity and waterproof mechanisms of the prepared thermoplastics are extensively evaluated. It is found for the first time that Tg of the modified WR can be significantly reduced to 54 °C, which is much lower than the reported value (≈200 °C) of unmodified WR. Tm peaks are evidently detected once the IP‐8 content exceeds 52.1 wt%, implying much better thermoplasticity in comparison with the unmodified WR. The good thermoplasticity and waterproof performance are mainly attributed to the formation of new crystal lamella with a crystallite size of ≈84 nm and hydrophobic spherical nanoparticles (150–350 nm). The developed method has large potential application in the fields of environmental‐friendly and sustainable macromolecular materials based on biomass resources like wood residue and plant straw.
11% Organic Photovoltaic Devices Based on PTB7‐Th: PC71BM Photoactive Layers and Irradiation‐Assisted ZnO Electron Transport Layers
Authors: Aqoma Havid , Park Sujung , Park Hye‐Yun , Hadmojo Wisnu Tantyo , Oh Seung‐Hwan , Nho Sungho , Kim Do Hui , Seo Jeonghoon , Park Sungmin , Ryu Du Yeol , Cho Shinuk , Jang Sung‐Yeon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe enhancement of interfacial charge collection efficiency using buffer layers is a cost‐effective way to improve the performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) because they are often universally applicable regardless of the active materials. However, the availability of high‐performance buffer materials, which are solution‐processable at low temperature, are limited and they often require burdensome additional surface modifications. Herein, high‐performance ZnO based electron transporting layers (ETLs) for OPVs are developed with a novel g‐ray‐assisted solution process. Through careful formulation of the ZnO precursor and g‐ray irradiation, the pre‐formation of ZnO nanoparticles occurs in the precursor solutions, which enables the preparation of high quality ZnO films. The g‐ray assisted ZnO (ZnO‐G) films possess a remarkably low defect density compared to the conventionally prepared ZnO films. The low‐defect ZnO‐G films can improve charge extraction efficiency of ETL without any additional treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device using the ZnO‐G ETLs is 11.09% with an open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current density ( JSC), and fill factor (FF) of 0.80 V, 19.54 mA cm‐2, and 0.71, respectively, which is one of the best values among widely studied poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)]: [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PTB7‐Th:PC71BM)‐based devices.
A Metal Chelator as a Plasmonic Signal‐Generation Superregulator for Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Bioassays of Disease Biomarkers
Authors: Zhao Qian , Piao Jiafang , Peng Weipan , wang Jun , Gao Weichen , Wu Xiaoli , Wang Hanjie , Gong Xiaoqun , Chang Jin , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnzyme‐based assays have been widely applied in clinical diagnosis for decades. However, the intrinsic limitations of enzymes, such as low operation stability, mediocre sensitivity, and high cost in production and purification, heavily constrain their detection application. Here, an enzyme‐free assay is reported that relies on the strong chelating capability of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA•2Na, the chelator) for Au3+ ions, in which the cheap EDTA•2Na labeled by targeting moieties can selectively regulate the growth of plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) at the target site subjecting to the concentration of analyte in samples. Independent of ambient temperature and unstable H2O2, EDTA•2Na perform superregulation in AuNPs plasmonic signal generation with distinct tonality and outstanding reliability. Upon integrating with silica nanoparticles as the signal amplifying platform, EDTA•2Na‐regulated bioassay can lead to detection‐sensitivity enhancements exceeding three orders of magnitude in protein detection, compared with the gold‐standard assay. The limit of detection of the HBsAg and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) pushes down to 2.6 × 10−15 and 2.5 × 10−19 g mL−1, respectively. EDTA•2Na‐regulated bioassay is also challenged in the clinical serum sample detection and a good consistency is found with the chemiluminescence immunoassay method in clinics.
3D Multifunctional Composites Based on Large‐Area Stretchable Circuit with Thermoforming Technology
Authors: Yang Yang , Vervust Thomas , Dunphy Sheila , Van Put Steven , Vandecasteele Bjorn , Dhaenens Kristof , Degrendele Lieven , Mader Lothar , De Vriese Linde , Martens Tom , Kaufmann Markus , Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Vanfleteren Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFiber‐reinforced polymer composites with integrated intelligence, such as sensors, actuators, and communication capabilities, are desirable as infrastructures for the next generation of “internet of things.” However, the shape mismatch between the 3D composites and a planar electronic circuit causes difficulties in integrating electronic circuit‐based intelligences. Here, an easily scalable approach, by incorporating a large‐area stretchable circuit with thermoforming technology, to fabricate 3D multifunctional composites is reported. The stretchable circuit is first fabricated on a rigid and planar carrier board, then transferred and sandwiched between thermoplastic composites through lamination processes. A thermoforming step shapes the sandwiched and planar structure by heating up the encapsulating polymers beyond their glass transition temperature and pushing them and the circuit against a mold. Using the proposed process, large‐sized composites with integrated matrices of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and capacitive sensors are successfully fabricated. A giant (with a size of 0.5 m × 1 m) seven‐segment display is assembled using the fabricated composites with integrated LEDs and capacitive sensors to display 128 symbols. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach as a facile, reproducible, and scalable process for creating 3D multifunctional composites.
Di‐Spiro‐Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gao Ke , Xu Bo , Hong Chaoshen , Shi Xueliang , Liu Hongbin , Li Xiaosong , Xie Linghai , Jen Alex K‐Y 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHole‐transporting materials (HTMs) are essential for enabling highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) to extract and transport the hole carriers. Among numerous HTMs that are studied so far, the single‐spiro‐based compounds are the most frequently used HTMs for achieving highly efficient PVSCs. In fact, all the new spiro‐based HTMs reported so far that render PVSCs over 20% are based on spiro[fluorene‐9,9′‐xanthene] or spiro [cyclopenta [2,1‐b:3,4b′]dithiophene‐4,9′‐fluorene] cores; therefore, there is a need to diversify the design of their structures for further improving their function and performance. In addition, the fundamental understanding of structure–performance relationships for the spiro‐based HTMs is still lagging, for example, how molecular configuration, spiro numbers, and heteroatoms in spiro‐rings impact the efficacy of HTMs. To address these needs, two novel H‐shaped HTMs, G1 and G2 based on the di‐spiro‐rings as the cores are designed and synthesized. The combined good film‐forming properties, better interactions with perovskite, slightly deeper highest occupied molecular orbital, higher mobility and conductivity, as well as more efficient charge transfer for G2 help devices reach a very impressive power conversion efficiency of 20.2% and good stability. This is the first report of demonstrating the feasibility of using di‐spiro‐based HTMs for highly efficient PVSCs.