bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resonant Transmission through Topological Metamaterial Grating
Authors: Jia Hongwei , Gao Wenlong , Xiang Yuanjiang , Liu Haitao , Zhang Shuang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, artificial photonic structures that exhibit nontrivial topological properties have attracted growing attention due to their capability of achieving one‐way backscatter immune transport of light. While photonic crystals are predominantly employed for achieving nontrivial topologies, effective medium approach based on metamaterials has been recently proposed for realizing topologically protected unidirectional surface states. In this article, a microscopic model to investigate the transmission of topological metamaterial grating is constructed based on the scattering processes involving unidirectional surface states. The numerically simulated transmission efficiency of the grating can be precisely reproduced by the model. The model demonstrates that the sharp transmission resonance of the grating results from the constructive interference of the topologically protected one‐way surface states. The present work provides an intuitive picture for understanding the scattering processes and resonance behaviors of the topologically protected one‐way surface states. Benefitting from the sharp spectral features of the supported resonances, the proposed grating structure may be potentially used for sensing applications.
Application of Barley‐ and Lentil‐Protein Concentrates in the Production of Protein‐Enriched Doughnuts
Authors: Eckert Ewelina , Wismer Wendy , Waduthanthri Kosala , Babii Oksana , Yang Jingqi , Chen Lingyun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBarley and lentil proteins have good emulsifying and foaming capacity, which make them suitable ingredients in many food formulations. The aim of this research was to develop protein‐enhanced foods based on barley and lentil proteins using doughnut as a food model. In enriched doughnut formulations, barley proteins were used to substitute for 20% of the wheat flour (doughnuts labeled as barley doughnut, barley/lentil doughnut [BLD], and vegan doughnut [VD]) and lentil proteins were used as an egg replacer (in BLD and VD doughnuts). A VD formulated with barley and lentil proteins to replace egg white protein and milk was also tested. The physicochemical parameters, proximate composition, and sensory qualities of the prepared doughnuts were studied and compared with the control doughnut (CD) containing egg white and milk. The protein‐enriched doughnuts showed better cooking characteristics with reduced cooking loss and diameter reduction compared to the control. In addition, they had a higher protein and β‐glucan content. During the storage‐stability test, the doughnuts containing lentil and barley proteins showed higher values for hardness, chewiness, and gumminess compared to the control. However, the sensory scores for appearance, flavor, and overall liking were rated more favorable toward the CD. It is also noticed that the fat content and caloric values increased for some protein‐enriched doughnut formulations. Considering the consumers’ demand of high‐protein convenient snack foods, the doughnuts prepared with barley and lentil proteins may have potential for commercialization with some improvements.
Polyethylene terephthalate/low density polyethylene/titanium dioxide blend nanocomposites: Morphology, crystallinity, rheology, and transport properties
Authors: Sangroniz L. , Ruiz J. L. , Sangroniz A. , Fernández M. , Etxeberria A. , Müller A. J. , Santamaria A. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPhysical features of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) immiscible blends, rich in PET, with and without titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are studied. These materials are of industrial interest, because they can be obtained by recycling PET bottles containing TiO2 with their corresponding polyethylene made caps. Their potential application in packaging is investigated. Droplet‐matrix morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy; coalescence occurs during compression molding. Transmission electron microscopy results show that TiO2 nanoparticles are located at the interface between PET and LDPE, forming a physical barrier that favors development of smaller droplets. Thermal analysis results are compatible with the morphology of the blends and the location of the TiO2 nanoparticles. Viscosity obtained by extrusion continuous flow and oscillatory flow measurements in the linear regime show that some of the blends have viscoplastic behavior. Permeability results reveal that 80PET/20LDPE/TiO2 blend nanocomposite shows a balanced barrier character to both oxygen and water vapor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46986.
Tungsten carbide, boron carbide, and MWCNT reinforced poly(aryl ether ketone) nanocomposites: Morphology and thermomechanical behavior
Authors: Remanan M. , Bhowmik S. , Varshney L. , Jayanarayanan K. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study involves the development and thermo‐mechanical characterization of the individual, binary, and ternary nanocomposites using radiation resistant fillers like boron carbide (B4C), tungsten carbide (WC), and functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (F‐MWCNT) in a high performance polymer, namely, poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK). Transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the distribution and dispersion of nanofillers in the matrix. It has been observed that the presence of WC and F‐MWCNT in PAEK matrix significantly enhanced the tensile strength of the composite whereas B4C made it stiff and brittle in nature. The tensile property improvement caused by WC and F‐MWCNT has been correlated with the tensile fracture surface morphology studies. Dynamic mechanical analysis provided insight into the positive effect of nanofillers in delaying the relaxation of polymer chains. The thermogravimetric analysis gave indications on the increase in the thermal stability of the nanocomposites with the increase of nanofillers content. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47032.
Folic Acid Derived Bimetallic‐Doped Hollow Carbon Nanostructures for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Lu Mengting , Li Yuwen , He Panpan , Maddine Sireesh Babu , Gao Junkuo , Yao Juming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHydrogen production is one of the most effective methods for combating the global energy crisis. However, improving the electrochemical performance of oxygen‐evolution catalysts is a significant challenge. In this paper, exceptionally active electrocatalysts for oxygen‐evolution reactions (OERs) were successfully developed and characterized by using SEM, TEM, XRD, BET, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitrogen‐doped hollow‐carbon‐encapsulated bimetallic nanoparticles (MM′‐NHCNPs) were prepared by using folic acid coordination polymerization. The hollow structure and the synergistic effect of bimetallic doping exhibited remarkable catalytic performance and outstanding stability for the OER in a 1.0 m KOH alkaline electrolyte. For the OER, the overpotential of the best catalyst was only 350 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 58 mV dec−1. High durability was also demonstrated by the MM′‐NHCNPs. Such an MM′‐NHCNP catalyst with excellent electrochemical properties provides a promising material for OERs.
Telbivudine in chronic lymphocytic myocarditis and human parvovirus B19 transcriptional activity
Authors: Van Linthout Sophie , Elsanhoury Ahmed , Klein Oliver , Sosnowski Marzena , Miteva Kapka , Lassner Dirk , Abou‐El‐Enein Mohamed , Pieske Burkert , Kühl Uwe , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsMyocarditis is often associated with parvovirus B19 (B19V) persistence, which can induce vascular damage. Based on the antiviral and anti‐inflammatory properties of telbivudine, we aimed to evaluate its efficacy to protect B19V‐infected endothelial cells in vitro and to treat chronic lymphocytic myocarditis patients with B19V transcriptional activity.Methods and resultsWe evaluated the endothelial‐protective potential of telbivudine in human microvascular endothelial cells‐1, which were infected with B19V. Treatment with 10 ng/mL of telbivudine decreased the B19V‐induced endothelial cell apoptosis and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Along with this finding, telbivudine reduced the expression of transforming growth factor‐β1 and of tenascin‐C. The endothelial‐protective properties of telbivudine were also found in tumour necrosis factor‐α‐stressed human microvascular endothelial cells‐1. In addition, oxidative stress in angiotensin II‐stressed and transforming growth factor‐β1‐stressed HL‐1 cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, was reduced upon telbivudine treatment, illustrating that telbivudine exerts multimodal protective effects. Based on these in vitro findings, four patients severely suffering from an endomyocardial biopsy‐proven myocarditis associated with B19V transcriptional activity (VP1/VP2‐mRNA positive) were treated with telbivudine (600 mg/dL) for 6 months in a single‐patient‐use approach. Follow‐up biopsies 6 months after treatment showed that VP1/VP2‐mRNA levels and CD3 cells decreased in all patients and were associated with an improvement in ejection fraction and New York Heart Association class. These findings were paralleled by a drop in tenascin‐C expression as shown via matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–imaging mass spectrometry.ConclusionsTelbivudine exerts endothelial‐protective effects in B19V‐infected endothelial cells and improves chronic myocarditis associated with B19V transcriptional activity. These findings will be further evaluated in the clinical exploratory trial: the PreTopic study.
Four misunderstandings about cultural attraction
Authors: Scott‐Phillips Thom , Blancke Stefaan , Heintz Christophe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCultural attraction theory (CAT) is a research agenda the purpose of which is to develop causal explanations of cultural phenomena. CAT is also an evolutionary approach to culture, in the sense that it treats culture as a population of items of different types, with the frequency of tokens of those types changing over time. Now more than 20 years old, CAT has made many positive contributions, theoretical and empirical, to the naturalization of the social sciences. In consequence of this growing impact, CAT has, in recent years, been the subject of critical discussion. Here, we review and respond to these critiques. In so doing, we also provide a clear and concise introduction to CAT. We give clear characterizations of CAT's key theoretical notions, and we outline how these notions are derived from consideration of the natural character of cultural phenomena (Box ). This naturalistic quality distinguishes CAT from other evolutionary approaches to culture.
Mummified Thyroid Nodules: Conventional and Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Features
Authors: Peng Qinghai , Niu Chengcheng , Zhang Qianrong , Zhang Meixiang , Chen Sijie , Peng Qiang 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of our study was to highlight the conventional and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) features of mummified thyroid nodules, which should help differentiate them from histologically proven papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs).MethodsThirty‐one patients with 33 mummified thyroid nodules, which showed suspicious US findings that were suggestive of malignancy, as well as 33 patients with 38 surgically confirmed PTCs were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the size, shape, margin, echogenicity, presence of shadowing and halo, presence of punctate echogenic foci, vascularity, and contrast enhancement parameters for each nodule. The final diagnosis of mummified thyroid nodules was confirmed via fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) or surgery.ResultsOf the 33 mummified thyroid nodules, 9 (27.3%) were confirmed by surgery to be benign, and 24 (72.7%) were proven by FNA to be benign. A univariate analysis indicated that the mummified thyroid nodules more frequently showed wider‐than‐tall shapes, marked hypoechogenicity, the presence of posterior shadowing, the absence of nodular vascularity, hypoenhancement or no enhancement, and peak index and area under the curve indices of less than 1 in the findings of preoperative US and contrast‐enhanced US compared to PTCs. A multivariate analysis showed that marked hypoechogenicity and an area under the curve index of less than 1 were independent characteristics related to mummified nodules for discriminating from PTCs (all P < .05).ConclusionsBenign thyroid nodules may display shrinkage over time and may reveal malignant US features. Awareness of these findings and their connection with initial and follow‐up US examinations should help identify mummified thyroid nodules and to avoid surgical excision or unnecessary FNA.
Long‐term ecological studies in northern lakes—challenges, experiences, and accomplishments
Authors: Amundsen Per‐Arne , Primicerio Raul , Smalås Aslak , Henriksen Eirik H. , Knudsen Rune , Kristoffersen Roar , Klemetsen Anders 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe review three long‐term research programs performed over the last four decades on the ecology and management of oligotrophic lake systems with different fish communities at 69° N in Norway. Through whole‐lake perturbation experiments, intensive culling of stunted fish removed 35 tons (1984–1991) of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus in Takvatn (15 km2) and 153 tons (1981–1983, 2002–2004) of European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus in Stuorajavri (25 km2). In Takvatn, the overcrowded charr population decreased to 20% of the initial abundance, whereas brown trout Salmo trutta abundance increased. Somatic growth improved strongly in both species. In charr, ontogenetic habitat shifts broke down, the diet changed to more benthos, and plankton‐borne parasites decreased. High abundance of juvenile, littoral charr provided new prey for trout, creating an alternative, predator‐regulated stable state. Similar density reductions, positive effects on growth and reduced parasite loads occurred in whitefish in Stuorajavri. Despite the heavy culling, however, a new stable state did not occur and the fish community returned to the pre‐culling situation. In the Pasvik watercourse, vendace Coregonus albula invaded around 1990 after an upstream introduction. The population of this non‐native, highly specialized planktivore increased rapidly, resulting in steep density declines in zooplankton and the native planktivorous whitefish morph, and large changes in energy flow and structure and dynamics of the lacustrine food web. These programs show that long‐term research is essential for understanding the ecology of manmade disturbances and providing a scientific basis for management efforts.
Heterogeneously Integrated GaAs Waveguides on Insulator for Efficient Frequency Conversion
Authors: Chang Lin , Boes Andreas , Guo Xiaowen , Spencer Daryl T. , Kennedy M. J. , Peters Jon D. , Volet Nicolas , Chiles Jeff , Kowligy Abijith , Nader Nima , Hickstein Daniel D. , Stanton Eric J. , Diddams Scott A. , Papp Scott B. , Bowers John E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTremendous scientific progress has been achieved through the development of nonlinear integrated photonics. Prominent examples are Kerr frequency comb generation in microresonators, and supercontinuum generation and frequency conversion in nonlinear photonic waveguides. A high conversion efficiency is enabling for applications of nonlinear optics, including such broad directions as high‐speed optical signal processing, metrology, and quantum communication and computation. In this work, a gallium‐arsenide‐on‐insulator (GaAs) platform for nonlinear photonics is demonstrated. GaAs has among the highest second‐ and third‐order nonlinear optical coefficients, and the use of a silica cladding results in waveguides with a large refractive index contrast and low propagation loss for expanded designs of nonlinear processes. By harnessing these properties and developing nanofabrication with GaAs, a record normalized second‐harmonic efficiency of 13 000% W−1 cm−2 at a fundamental wavelength of 2 µm is reported. This work paves the way for high performance nonlinear photonic integrated circuits, which not only can transition advanced functionalities outside the lab through fundamentally reduced power consumption and footprint, but also enables future optical sources and detectors.
Fundamentals of terminology in lower urinary tract function
Authors: Drake Marcus J. 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo summarize basic definitions in the International Continence Society (ICS) Standardization of Terminology in lower urinary tract (LUT) function and their application.MethodsFundamental terminology in the ICS Standardization of Terminology LUT Function was identified and summarized.ResultsEvaluation of LUT requires appreciation of symptoms, signs and urodynamic observations. Symptoms are categorized according to their occurrence during the micturition cycle into storage symptoms (eg, increased daytime frequency [IDF], urgency, nocturia, or incontinence) or voiding and post‐voiding symptoms (eg, slow stream or post micturition dribbling). Several problems may be present, giving rise to symptom syndromes, notably overactive bladder (during the storage phase) or underactive bladder (during the voiding phase). Signs may be derived from a bladder diary or may be elicited on physical examination. Urodynamic observations may be made by assessing flow rate, and this is combined with pressure measurement when undertaking filling cystometry and pressure flow studies. Key elements of flow and pressure measurement are described.ConclusionsThe review provides a succinct summary of symptoms, signs, and urodynamic observations as set out in the ICS Standard on LUT Function.
Fundamentals of urodynamic practice, based on International Continence Society good urodynamic practices recommendations
Authors: Drake Marcus J. , Doumouchtsis Stergios K. , Hashim Hashim , Gammie Andrew 
Published: August 2018

AimsTo review the recommendations on basic urodynamic testing in the International Continence Society (ICS) standardization documents, specifying key recommendations for delivery and interpretation in clinical practice.MethodsFundamental expectations described in the ICS standards on good urodynamic practices, urodynamic equipment, and terminology for lower urinary tract (LUT) function were identified and summarized.ResultsThe ICS standard urodynamic protocol includes clinical history, including symptom and bother score(s), examination, 3‐day voiding chart/diary, representative uroflowmetry with post‐void residual, and cystometry with pressure‐flow study (PFS). Liquid filled catheters are connected to pressure transducers at the same vertical pressure as the patient's pubic symphysis, taking atmospheric pressure as the zero value. Urodynamic testing is done to answer specific therapy‐driven questions for treatment selection; provocations are applied to give the best chance of reproducing the problem during the test. Quality of recording is monitored throughout, and remedial steps taken for any technical issues occurring during testing. Labels are applied during the test to document events, such as patient‐reported sensation, provocation tests, and permission to void. After the test, the pressure and flow traces are scrutinized to ensure artefacts do not confound the findings. An ICS standard urodynamic report details the key aspects, reporting clinical observations, technical, and quality issues. Urodynamic services must maintain and calibrate equipment according to manufacturer stipulations.ConclusionsThe review provides a succinct summary of practice expectations for a urodynamic unit offering cystometry and pressure flow studies (PFS) to an appropriate standard.
Basics of videourodynamics for adult patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction
Authors: Wyndaele Michel , Rosier Peter F. W. M. 
Published: August 2018

AimsVideourodynamics is the addition of imaging to invasive urodynamics and one of the methods to ensure objective diagnosis in persons with signs or symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. This manuscript has the aim to outline the basics of the practice of videourodynamics and to elementary explain interpretation of the results.MethodsLiterature sources and expert opinion were arranged to provide the reader with an introductory overview of current knowledge.ResultsVideourodynamics was—like most diagnostics in health care—introduced on the basis of plausibility and expert conviction but has stood the test of time. Videourodynamics has, especially in patients with congenital or acquired neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract, undisputedly although not precisely quantifiable, added to (lower urinary tract) health care quality.ConclusionThe manuscript summarizes the basic elements of indication, practice, and interpretation of videourodynamics.
Critical steps in developing professional standards for the International Continence Society
Authors: Rosier Peter F. W. M. 
Published: August 2018

AimsStandardization on the basis of systematic assessment of evidence has become an indispensable element of modern healthcare. International Continence Society (ICS) has initiated and produced extremely well cited standardization documents. The process of standardization is recently depicted in a published manuscript, to keep up with modern society healthcare demands.MethodsA narrative review of the ICS history and current state of standardizations for the terms, assessment and the management of patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction.ResultsThis article highlights the philosophy and the historical context of standardization and explains the core elements of modern day standardization. The article also demonstrates the scientific relevance of the ICS standards, on the basis of reference‐counts.ConclusionThe history and the relevance of ICS standards are summarized.
High‐throughput prediction of disordered moonlighting regions in protein sequences
Authors: Meng Fanchi , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntrinsically disordered regions lack stable structure in their native conformation but are nevertheless functional and highly abundant, particularly in Eukaryotes. Disordered moonlighting regions (DMRs) are intrinsically disordered regions that carry out multiple functions. DMRs are different from moonlighting proteins that could be structured and that are annotated at the whole‐protein level. DMRs cannot be identified by current predictors of functions of disorder that focus on specific functions rather than multifunctional regions. We conceptualized, designed and empirically assessed first‐of‐its‐kind sequence‐based predictor of DMRs, DMRpred. This computational tool outputs propensity for being in a DMR for each residue in an input protein sequence. We developed novel amino acid indices that quantify propensities for functions relevant to DMRs and used evolutionary conservation, putative solvent accessibility and intrinsic disorder derived from the input sequence to build a rich profile that is suitable to accurately predict DMRs. We processed this profile to derive innovative features that we input into a Random Forest model to generate the predictions. Empirical assessment shows that DMRpred generates accurate predictions with area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.86 and accuracy = 82%. These results are significantly better than the closest alternative approaches that rely on sequence alignment, evolutionary conservation and putative disorder and disorder functions. Analysis of abundance of putative DMRs in the human proteome reveals that as many as 25% of proteins may have long >30 residues) DMRs. A webserver implementation of DMRpred is available at http://biomine.cs.vcu.edu/servers/DMRpred/