bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ estimation of optical properties of rat and monkey brains using femtosecond time-resolved measurements
Authors: Hoshi Yoko , Tanikawa Yukari , Okada Eiji , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nemoto Masahito , Shimizu Kosuke , Kodama Tohru , Watanabe Masataka 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn accurate knowledge of tissue optical properties (absorption coefficients, μa, and reduced scattering coefficients, μs’) is critical for precise modeling of light propagation in biological tissue, essential for developing diagnostic and therapeutic optical techniques that utilize diffusive photons. A great number of studies have explored the optical properties of various tissue, and these values are not known in detail due to difficulties in the experimental determination and significant variations in tissue constitution. Especially, in situ estimates of the optical properties of brain tissue, a common measurement target in optical imaging, is a challenge because of its layer structure (where the thin gray matter covers the white matter). Here, we report an approach to in situ estimates of the μa and μs’ of the gray and white matter in living rat and monkey brains by using femtosecond time-resolved measurements and Monte Carlo simulation. The results demonstrate that the μa of the gray matter is larger than that of the white matter, while there was no significant difference in the μs’ between the gray and white matter. The optical properties of the rat brain were very similar to those of the monkey brain except for the μa of the gray matter here.
Investigation of ICOS, CD28 and CD80 polymorphisms with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case–control study in eastern Chinese population
Authors: Yang Jing , Liu Jiaochun , Chen Yu , Tang Weifeng , Bo Kai , Sun Yuling , Chen Jianping 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune related gene may influence the susceptibility of cancer. We selected inducible T cell costimulator (ICOS) rs4404254 T&gt;C, rs10932029 T&gt;C, CD28 rs3116496 T&gt;C and CD80 rs7628626 C&gt;A SNPs and assessed the potential relationship of these SNPs with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk. A total of 584 HCC cases and 923 healthy controls were recruited. And SNPscan™ genotyping assay was used to obtain the genotypes of ICOS, CD28 and CD80 polymorphisms. We found that ICOS rs10932029 T&gt;C polymorphism significantly increased the risk of HCC (additive model: adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.13–2.22; P=0.007; homozygote model: adjusted OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.31–4.03; P=0.867; dominant model: adjusted OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.14–2.19; P=0.007 and recessive model: adjusted OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.28–3.68; P=0.974). However, ICOS rs4404254 T&gt;C, CD28 rs3116496 T&gt;C and CD80 rs7628626 C&gt;A SNPs were not associated with the risk of HCC. To evaluate the effects of ICOS rs10932029 T&gt;C on HCC risk according to different age, gender, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, tobacco consumption and drinking status, we carried out a stratification analysis. We found that ICOS rs10932029 T&gt;C polymorphism might increase the risk of HCC in male, ≥53 years, never smoking, never drinking and non-chronic HBV infection subgroups. Our study highlights that ICOS rs10932029 T&gt;C polymorphism may confer the susceptibility to HCC. It may be beneficial to explore the relationship between variants in immune related genes and the development of HCC.
Bio-engineering of bacterial microcompartments: a mini review
Authors: Planamente Sara , Frank Stefanie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are protein-bound prokaryotic organelles, discovered in cyanobacteria more than 60 years ago. Functionally similar to eukaryotic cellular organelles, BMCs compartment metabolic activities in the cytoplasm, foremost to increase local enzyme concentration and prevent toxic intermediates from damaging the cytosolic content. Advanced knowledge of the functional and structural properties of multiple types of BMCs, particularly over the last 10 years, have highlighted design principles of microcompartments. This has prompted new research into their potential to function as programmable synthetic nano-bioreactors and novel bio-materials with biotechnological and medical applications. Moreover, due to the involvement of microcompartments in bacterial pathogenesis and human health, BMCs have begun to gain attention as potential novel drug targets. This mini-review gives an overview of important synthetic biology developments in the bioengineering of BMCs and a perspective on future directions in the field.
A Cognitive Social Media Training Program and Intergenerational Learning: A Pilot Study With Older Adults and Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Students
Authors: Harvey Jennine , Beck Ann , Carr Caleb T. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe current research was a pilot study of the #GoldenTweets social media training program. Specifically, the research sought to explore (a) how the program in general was perceived by 2 groups of participants, namely, normally aging adults and graduate clinicians, and (b) how both groups perceived the use of Twitter, the platform incorporated into the program, as a social media.MethodParticipants included normally aging adults and graduate student clinicians working with these individuals to implement the training program. The 13-week program was structured into 4 phases: (a) pre-assessment, (b) social media training, (c) social media engagement, and (d) postassessment. Participation outcomes were measured through qualitative data obtained from postprogram discussions and postprogram clinician surveys.ResultsAnalyses of participants' responses revealed changes across older adult and graduate student clinician skills in technology and communication applications, as well as perceptions of social media use. Both groups of participants indicated the intergenerational aspects of the program were the greatest strength of the program and their learning.ConclusionOur findings support the use of a cognitive social media training tool to promote intergenerational learning, communication, and stimulation.
Masses and ages for metal-poor stars
Authors: Valentini M. , Chiappini C. , Bossini D. , Miglio A. , Davies G. R. , Mosser B. , Elsworth Y. P. , Mathur S. , García R. A. , Girardi L. , Rodrigues T. S. , Steinmetz M. , Vallenari A. 
Published: June 2019

Context. Very metal-poor halo stars are the best candidates for being among the oldest objects in our Galaxy. Samples of halo stars with age determination and detailed chemical composition measurements provide key information for constraining the nature of the first stellar generations and the nucleosynthesis in the metal-poor regime.
Aims. Age estimates are very uncertain and are available for only a small number of metal-poor stars. We present the first results of a pilot programme aimed at deriving precise masses, ages, and chemical abundances for metal-poor halo giants using asteroseismology and high-resolution spectroscopy.
Methods. We obtained high-resolution UVES spectra for four metal-poor RAVE stars observed by the K2 satellite. Seismic data obtained from K2 light curves helped improve spectroscopic temperatures, metallicities, and individual chemical abundances. Mass and ages were derived using the code PARAM, investigating the effects of different assumptions (e.g. mass loss and [α/Fe]-enhancement). Orbits were computed using Gaia DR2 data.
Results. The stars are found to be normal metal-poor halo stars (i.e. non C-enhanced), and an abundance pattern typical of old stars (i.e. α and Eu-enhanced), and have masses in the 0.80−1.0 M⊙ range. The inferred model-dependent stellar ages are found to range from 7.4 Gyr to 13.0 Gyr with uncertainties of ∼30%−35%. We also provide revised masses and ages for metal-poor stars with Kepler seismic data from the APOGEE survey and a set of M4 stars.
Conclusions. The present work shows that the combination of asteroseismology and high-resolution spectroscopy provides precise ages in the metal-poor regime. Most of the stars analysed in the present work (covering the metallicity range of [Fe/H] ∼ −0.8 to −2 dex) are very old >9 Gyr (14 out of 19 stars), and all of the stars are older than >5 Gyr (within the 68 percentile confidence level).
Joint cluster reconstructions
Authors: Huber Korbinian , Tchernin Céline , Merten Julian , Hilbert Stefan , Bartelmann Matthias 
Published: June 2019

Context. Galaxy clusters provide a multitude of observational data across wavelengths, and their structure and morphology are of considerable interest in cosmology as well as astrophysics.
Aims. We develop a framework that allows the combination of lensing and non-lensing observations in a free-form and mesh-free approach to infer the projected mass distribution of individual galaxy clusters. This method can be used to test common assumptions on the morphology of clusters in parametric models.
Methods. We make use of the lensing reconstruction code SAWLENS2, and expand its capabilities by incorporating an estimate of the projected gravitational potential based on X-ray data that are deprojected using the local Richardson–Lucy method and used to infer the Newtonian potential of the cluster. We discuss how potentially arising numerical artefacts can be treated.
Results. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method on a simplified mock Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) halo and on a cluster from a realistic hydrodynamical simulation. We show how the combination of X-ray and weak lensing data can affect a free-form reconstruction, improving the accuracy in the central region in some cases by a factor of two.
Another relic bulge globular cluster: ESO 456-SC38 (Djorgovski 2)
Authors: Ortolani S. , Held E. V. , Nardiello D. , Souza S. O. , Barbuy B. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Cassisi S. , Bica E. , Momany Y. , Saviane I. 
Published: June 2019

Context. The object ESO 456-SC38 (Djorgovski 2) is one of the globular clusters that is closest to the Galactic center. It is on the blue horizontal branch and has a moderate metallicity of [Fe/H] ∼ −1.0. It is thus similar to the very old inner bulge globular clusters NGC 6522, NGC 6558, and HP 1, and therefore appears to be part of the primeval formation stages of the Milky Way.
Aims. The aim of this work is to determine an accurate distance and metallicity for ESO 456-SC38, as well as orbital parameters, in order to check similarities with other clusters in the inner bulge that have previously been well studied in terms of spectroscopy and photometry. This is a considerably fainter cluster that is contaminated by a rich stellar field; it is also quite absorbed by the dusty foreground.
Methods. We analyzed ESO 456-SC38 based on HST photometry, with the filters F606W from ACS, F110W and F160W from WFC3, and photometry in V and I from FORS2 at the VLT. We combined this with identified stars that are covered by Gaia Data Release 2.
Results. The isochrone fitting was carried out with the statistical Markov chain Monte Carlo method. We derive an accurate distance of d⊙ = 8.75 ± 0.12 kpc and a reddening of E(B−V) = 0.81+0.02−0.02. The best-fitting BaSTI isochrones correspond to an age of 12.70+0.72−0.69 Gyr and a metallicity of [Fe/H] = −1.11+0.03−0.03.
Conclusions. ESO 456-SC38 adds to the list of moderately metal-poor globular clusters located in the inner bulge. It has a blue horizontal branch and is very old. The cluster is confined to the bulge and bar region, but it does not support the Galactic bar structure. The old stellar population represented by clusters like this has to be taken into account in models of Galactic bulge formation. Studying them also provides indications on the formation times of the globular clusters themselves.
OP der Zukunft
Authors: Stallkamp Jan , Kühne Markus , Rothfuss Andreas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungWelche Anforderungen muss der OP der Zukunft erfüllen? Und wie können dabei die
Bedürfnisse von Patienten und Ärzten berücksichtigt werden? Unsere Autoren vom
Fraunhofer-Institut für Produktionstechnik und Automatisierung klären auf.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Mixed Reality: Wertvolle
Unterstützung im OP
Authors: Giese Andreas 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungKünstliche Intelligenz (KI) schickt sich gerade an, unseren Alltag zu
revolutionieren. Bereits heute bewähren sich selbstlernende Programme –
beispielsweise beim Online-Übersetzen komplexer Texte, bei autonom fahrenden
Autos oder in umfassend automatisierten Produktionsanlagen. Auch in der
Medizinbranche sorgen KI-Anwendungen für völlig neue Möglichkeiten: Neben der
Auswertung großer Datenmengen aus Patientenakten gibt es bereits heute erste
Lösungen mit dem Ziel, die Chirurgie sicherer, schonender und effizienter zu
machen. Nicht zuletzt unterstützt KI OP-Teams dabei, Routinearbeiten effizienter
erledigen zu können.
Haemostatic Abnormalities, Cardiac Involvement and Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Levels in X-linked Dystrophic Patients
Authors: Porreca Ettore , Guglielmi Maria Domenica , Uncini Antonino , Di Gregorio Patrizia , Angelini Antonio , Di Febbo Concetta , Pierdomenico Sante Donato , Baccante Giovanna , Cuccurullo Franco 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLeft ventricular thrombosis and systemic emboli have been demonstrated to complicate cardiomyopathy in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD, BMD). We investigated plasma levels of pro-thrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-coagulant cytokine that has been shown to be elevated in patients with depressed cardiac function, in 20 patients with DMD and 12 patients with BMD as compared with 30 age-matched control subjects. Significantly elevated levels of F1+2 (DMD: 1.4 ± 0.8 nmol/l; BMD: 1.8 ± 0.8 nmol/l vs. controls: 0.7 ± 0.2 nmol/l, p <0.01 and p <0.001, respectively), TAT complexes (DMD: 4.7 ± 2.7 αg/l, BMD: 5 ± 2.3 αg/l vs. controls: 1.6 ± 0.5 αg/l, p <0.001) and TNF-α (54 ± 9 vs. 25 ± 7 pg/ml, p <0.001) were observed in patients with the dystrophic disease compared to control subjects. A significantly negative correlation was also found between F1+2 and TAT complexes and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = –0.65, p <0.0001; r = –0.80, p <0.0001, respectively) and a positive correlation between F1+2 and TAT complexes and serum TNF-α levels (r = 0.67, p <0.0001; r = 0.70, p <0.0001, respectively). Our results indicate a hypercoagulable state in X-linked dystrophic patients. A possible relationship between haemostatic activation, left ventricular dysfunction and TNF-α system upregulation may be suggested.
Atherothrombogenic Risk Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids Was not Associated with Changes in Homocysteine in Subjects with Combined Hyperlipidaemia
Authors: Grundt H. , Nilsen D. W. T. , Hetland Ø. , Mansoor M. A. , Aarsland T. , Woie L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFavourable effects of n-3 fatty acids on the atherogenic risk profile were recently demonstrated in subjects with combined (type IIb) hyperlipidaemia, not responding to a therapeutic diet.Re-examination of a previous patient material was performed to assess the influence of n-3 fatty acids on homocysteine and several coagulation factors.Subjects were randomly allocated to receive either a concentrated compound of 85% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (n = 28), or corn oil (n = 29), in a daily dose of 4 g for 12 weeks. The intervention was double-blind.Homocysteine remained unchanged in both groups after 12-week treatment. N-3 fatty acids supplementation did not affect the levels of fibrinogen, coagulation factor VII or tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), while plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) increased significantly (Student’s t-test; p <0.05). Total blood platelets were significantly reduced in subjects receiving n-3 fatty acids (Student’s t-test; p <0.05), whereas bleeding times increased non-significantly.
Increased Expression of u-PA and u-PAR on Monocytes by LDL and Lp(a) Lipoproteins – Consequences for Plasmin Generation and Monocyte Adhesion
Authors: Ganné Florence , Vasse Marc , Beaudeu Jean-Louis , Peynet Jacqueline , François Arnaud , Paysant Jérôme , Lenormand Bernard , Collet Jean-Philippe , Vannier Jean-Pierre , Soria Jeannette , Soria Claudine 
Published: June 2019

SummaryMonocyte-derived foam cells figure prominently in rupture-prone regions of atherosclerotic plaque. As urokinase/urokinase-receptor (u-PA/u-PAR) is the trigger of a proteolytic cascade responsible for ECM degradation, we have examined the effect of atherogenic lipoproteins on monocyte surface expression of u-PAR and u-PA. Peripheral blood monocytes, isolated from 10 healthy volunteers, were incubated with 10 to 200 µg/ml of native or oxidised (ox-) atherogenous lipoproteins for 18 h and cell surface expression of u-PA and u-PAR was analysed by flow cytometry. Both LDL and Lp(a) induced a dose-dependent increase in u-PA (1.6-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-LDL) and u-PAR [1.7-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-Lp(a)]. There is a great variability of the response among the donors, some of them remaining non-responders (absence of increase of u-PA or u-PAR) even at 200 μg/ml of lipoproteins. In positive responders, enhanced u-PA/u-PAR is associated with a significant increase of plasmin generation (1.9-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-LDL), as determined by an amidolytic assay. Furthermore, monocyte adhesion to vitronectin and fibrinogen was significantly enhanced by the lipoproteins [respectively 2-fold and 1.7-fold increase with 200 μg/ml of ox-Lp(a)], due to the increase of u-PAR and ICAM-1, which are receptors for vitronectin and fibrinogen. These data suggest that atherogenous lipoproteins could contribute to the development of atheromatous plaque by increasing monocyte adhesion and trigger plaque weakening by inducing ECM degradation.
Ethanol Increases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production through Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression
Authors: Venkov Christo D. , Myers Paul R. , Tanner Miles A. , Su Ming , Vaughan Douglas E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryModerate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease potentially through its effect on specific endothelial-derived compounds. We tested the hypothesis that ethanol increases the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). Primary cultures of BAEC grown to confluence under standard conditions were treated 3-6 h with 0.1% ethanol in the presence of indomethacin. Ethanol induced a significant increase in both basal and stimulated NO production as determined by chemiluminescence method. This effect was accompanied by a rapid increase of eNOS protein and mRNA expression levels. eNOS mRNA increased two-fold within 3 h and gradually declined, but the increased levels of mRNA persisted for >24 h. A similar increase of eNOS expression was observed in human umbilical endothelial cells exposed to ethanol. These results demonstrate that ethanol augments both basal and stimulated NO production and that this effect is associated with increased eNOS protein and mRNA expression levels. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the reduced incidence of ischemic heart disease associated with alcohol may be related, at least in part, to the modulation of vascular endothelial cell production of NO
Ileosigmoid Knot—Unveiling the Diagnostic Dilemma with Radiologic Signs: A Case Report
Authors: Hegde Poonam , Ananthasivan Rupa , Rawat Sudarshan , Patil Pooja G. , Girishekar Bhavana , Matish Mrinal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIleosigmoid knot (ISK) is an unusual and serious condition that is known to pose a diagnostic dilemma due to overlapping features of acute closed-loop intestinal obstruction. Early diagnosis and intervention are of immense importance in this condition because they can prove life threatening with rapid progression to gangrene of both the ileum and sigmoid colon. We report a case of a 27-year-old man who presented 2 days post-appendicectomy procedure with acute abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and hypovolemic shock. Initial evaluation with ultrasonography (USG) and abdominal X-ray was performed, which revealed pleural effusion, ascites, and an ahaustral dilated large bowel loop in the right upper abdomen with convergence in the left lower abdomen. Further imaging with computed tomography revealed closed-loop obstruction of the sigmoid colon with beaked appearance of its afferent and efferent limbs in the pelvis. There was associated whirling or knotting of the ileum around the sigmoid pedicle along with features of mesenteric ischemia. Emergency laparotomy was performed, which revealed ISK with gangrene of the ileal and large bowel loops.
Periureteric Mass in a Treated Case of Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Panbude Sushil , Agrawal Archi , Kane Shubhada , D'Cruz Anil , Arya Supreeta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is the presence of normal endometrial glands and stroma outside the endometrium, seen in women in the reproductive age group. Endometriosis is common in the pelvis in the pouch of Douglas, rectum, urinary bladder, and uterosacral ligaments. Although extrapelvic endometriosis is uncommon, endometriosis at extrapelvic sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, lung, skin, brain, and scar site has been reported and can mimic other benign and malignant lesions. It is a difficult diagnosis when patients have a preexisting neoplasm as metastasis can be a differential. The clinical history, imaging features, and a strong suspicion of this entity in the reproductive age group help accurate diagnosis of this entity. We present a rare case of deep pelvic (periureteral) endometriosis in a 41-year-old woman with history of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland causing diagnostic dilemma on imaging and histopathology and also discuss briefly the imaging findings of endometriosis.
“Double Trouble”: Preoperative Embolization in a Case of Double Rupture of Hepatic Hemangioma during Pregnancy
Authors: Singhal Soumil , Uthappa Mangerira Chinnappa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign space-occupying lesion of the liver. These lesions are associated with the gestational age of the patient. They can easily be missed and can rarely present with complications. Spontaneous rupture of hemangioma is a rare occurrence. Preoperative arterial embolization of hemangiomas plays a vital role to reduce intraoperative bleed during surgical resection. Here is a case of a young pregnancy presenting with a complicated outcome.
Multiparametric MRI Approach to Prostate Cancer with a Pictorial Essay on PI-RADS
Authors: Popat Palak B. , Maheshwari Sharad , Sable Nilesh P. , Thakur Meenakshi , Katdare Aparna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe biology of prostate cancer is indolent, and incidence does not reflect mortality. This has led to reframed screening guidelines pivoting around serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and conceptualizing clinically significant prostate cancer (CSC), triaging active surveillance and intervention. A resultant paradigm shift in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from diagnosing cancer to focusing on detecting CSC led to the establishment of PI-RADS v2 (prostate imaging reporting and data systems, version 2). In this article, we present an approach to analyzing suspicious prostate lesions on multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) and assigning them a PI-RADS assessment score based on the current version 2 for standardized reporting, strengthening diagnostic accuracy, and improving clinical acceptance. We also present pitfalls and challenges that a radiologist should be aware of, for increasing diagnostic accuracy.