bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying borrowed sources in secured transactions law reform
Authors: Wood Roderick J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The enactment of Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code in the USA has had a profound influence on the reform of secured transactions law in other countries. The operational principles that animate Article 9 were first transplanted into Canada and later into New Zealand. In the last two decades, at least 25 countries have passed personal property security legislation (PPSA) based on these principles. On one level, one could claim that Article 9 has been transplanted into each of these 25 countries. However, on another level this story is far too simplistic. If one examines the various statutes, it becomes clear that a more complex process has been at work in which there has been innovation as well as borrowing. These innovations, in turn, influence the borrowings of other countries that enact a PPSA. In this highly dynamic environment the source of borrowing can be difficult to identify. This article examines the nature and extent of the borrowings that occur in connection with the reform of secured transactions in countries that have enacted a PPSA. It will identify three major templates that are available—namely, the most recent version of Article 9, the Canadian/New Zealand model, and the UNCITRAL Model Law. These templates will be reviewed in order to find markers that are present only in that template and not in the other two. These markers will be used to ‘fingerprint’ the PPSA legislation in other countries in order to measure the extent to which the jurisdiction has borrowed from each of the three templates. The article will conclude with a number of observations about the path of secured transactions law reform on an international level.
Neck and Cervical Spine Injuries in National College Athletic Association Athletes
Authors: Deckey David G. , Makovicka Justin L. , Chung Andrew S. , Hassebrock Jeffrey D. , Patel Karan A. , Tummala Sailesh V. , Pena Austin , Asprey Walker , Chhabra Anikar 
Published: August 2019

Study Design.
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of neck and cervical spine injuries in collegiate athletes over a 5-year period.

Summary of Background Data.
The incidence and etiology of neck and cervical spine injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes has not been well defined in recent years.

Methods.
The incidence and characteristics of neck and cervical spine injuries were identified utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (AEs). AEs were defined as any student participation in one NCAA-sanctioned practice or competition.

Results.
Nationally, there were an estimated 11,510 neck and cervical spine injuries over the 5-year period. These occurred at a rate of 7.05 per 100,000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The rate of neck and cervical spine injuries in men was 2.66 per 100,000 AEs, while women suffered injuries at a rate of 1.95 per 100,000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, men were 1.36 times more likely to suffer a neck or cervical spine injury compared with women. Men's football (29.09 per 100,000 AEs) and women's field hockey (11.51 per 100,000 AEs) were the sports with the highest rates of injuries. These injuries were 3.94 times more likely to occur during competition compared with practice. In-season injury rates were the highest, at 8.18 per 100,000 AEs.

Conclusion.
The vast majority of neck and cervical spine injuries in NCAA athletes are minor and uncommon. Across all sports in both sexes, the majority of injuries were new, and occurred during in-season competitions. Most athletes returned to play within 24 hours of injury. These data can inform players, parents, coaches, athletic trainers, and physicians regarding the prevalence and rates of these injuries and potentially inform decision-making regarding injury prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Determining the Association Between End-of-Life Care Resources and Patient Outcomes in Pennsylvania ICUs*
Authors: Ashana Deepshikha Charan , Umscheid Craig A. , Stephens-Shields Alisa J. , Kohn Rachel , Madden Vanessa , Harhay Michael O. , Chen Yong , Kerlin Meeta Prasad 
Published: August 2019

Objectives:
As ICUs are increasingly a site of end-of-life care, many have adopted end-of-life care resources. We sought to determine the association of such resources with outcomes of ICU patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Pennsylvania ICUs.

Patients:
Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries.

Interventions:
Availability of any of one hospital-based resource (palliative care consultants) or four ICU-based resources (protocol for withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy, triggers for automated palliative care consultation, protocol for family meetings, and palliative care clinicians embedded in ICU rounds).

Measurements and Main Results:
In mixed-effects regression analyses, admission to a hospital with end-of-life resources was not associated with mortality, length of stay, or treatment intensity (mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, artificial nutrition, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation); however, it was associated with a higher likelihood of discharge to hospice (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.11–2.24), an effect that was driven by ICU-based resources (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04–1.81) rather than hospital-based resources (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.83–1.71). Instrumental variable analysis using differential distance (defined as the additional travel distance beyond the hospital closest to a patient’s home needed to reach a hospital with end-of-life resources) demonstrated that among those for whom differential distance would influence receipt of end-of-life resources, admission to a hospital with such resources was not associated with any outcome.

Conclusions:
ICU-based end-of-life care resources do not appear to change mortality but are associated with increased hospice utilization. Given that this finding was not confirmed by the instrumental variable analysis, future studies should attempt to verify this finding, and identify specific resources or processes of care that impact the care of ICU patients at the end of life.
Strategies for Reducing Final Surgical Defect Sizes in the Treatment of Lentigo Maligna
Authors: Sampson Blake P. , Bowen Glen M. 
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND
Lentigo maligna (LM) is associated with disproportionately high surgical morbidity.

OBJECTIVE
The authors report on 2 strategies to reduce the surgical morbidity associated with LM.

METHODS
Forty LM lesions were removed with excisional biopsies without margins and closed with purse-string sutures. Invasive cases underwent staged excisions with 10-mm margins. Cases without invasion were treated with neoadjuvant topical imiquimod 5% cream (5 d/wk × 8 weeks) followed by conservative staged excisions with 2-mm margins using radial sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining with Mart-1, with or without SOX10.

RESULTS
Invasion was detected in 12/40 (30%) of the excisional biopsy specimens (average depth 0.45 mm). No invasion was detected in 28/40 (70%). All 24 patients who completed neoadjuvant topical imiquimod 5% cream before staged excisions had negative first-stage margins at 2 mm. Compared with average published margins for LM, this represents a 71.4% reduction in the required margin and an average reduction in the final surgical defect by 74%.

CONCLUSION
LM treatment by excisional biopsies with a purse-string closure enables accurate tumor staging and contracts the tumor footprint to its minimal size. Subsequent neoadjuvant imiquimod followed by a conservative staged excision with 2-mm margins allows for removal of LM with decreased surgical morbidity.
Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Promotes Myocardiocyte Apoptosis and Suppresses Proliferation Through Regulation of miR-129-5p
Authors: Wei Qi , Zhou Huan-Yu , Shi Xiao-Dong , Cao Hong-Yan , Qin Ling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
Recent studies have revealed the important role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in heart development and pathogenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the role of NEAT1 in hypoxia-induced cardiac injury and explore its possible molecular mechanism. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to determine the relative RNA expression of NEAT1 and its potential target microRNA, miR-129-5p, in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and angina, as well as in H2O2-treated H9c2 cells. The role of NEAT1 overexpression or inhibition in H9c2 cell migration and proliferation was assessed by transwell assay and Edu staining, respectively. Collagen deposition and apoptosis were evaluated by Western blot detection of collagen and apoptotic proteins, including Capase3, Bax, and Bcl2. We showed that H2O2 treatment significantly decreased H9c2 cell migration and proliferation while increasing H9c2 cell apoptosis. Inhibition of NEAT1 attenuated the cell apoptosis and alleviated proliferation inhibition induced by hypoxia. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-129-5p was the direct target of NEAT1, which was confirmed by luciferase assay. NEAT1 upregulation aggravated apoptosis by downregulating miR-129-5p. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel NEAT1-miR-129 axis and its implication in H2O2-induced heart failure.
Dietary Apigenin Reduces Induction of LOX-1 and NLRP3 Expression, Leukocyte Adhesion, and Acetylated Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Human Endothelial Cells Exposed to Trimethylamine-N-Oxide
Authors: Yamagata Kazuo , Hashiguchi Kazuki , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Tagami Motoki 
Published: August 2019

Abstract:
By inducing vascular inflammation, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and enhanced risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Expression of several genes related to arteriosclerosis, inflammasomes, and endothelial dysfunction was quantified by polymerase chain reaction after exposure to TMAO. LOX-1, ICAM-1, and NLRP3 were also quantified by Western blot, whereas leukocytic adhesion was examined using fluorescently labeled U937 cells. Scavenger receptors, adhesion molecules, and other genes associated with atherosclerosis were induced in endothelial cells exposed to TMAO. On the other hand, apigenin, a flavonoid that is abundant in parsley and celery, prevents initial arteriosclerosis events in endothelial cells. Apigenin reversed the effects of TMAO on mRNA expression of LOX-1, SREC, SR-PSOX, NLRP3, ASC, TXNIP, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and MCP-1, as well as protein expression of LOX-1, the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and the inflammasome protein NLRP3. Apigenin also suppressed leukocyte adhesion and uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. The data indicate that expression of scavenger receptors and adhesion molecules in response to TMAO, along with formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, may drive endothelial dysfunction through uptake of acetylated low-density lipoprotein and lymphocyte adhesion. Apigenin reverses these effects, implying that it may also prevent arteriosclerosis.
Monitoring of Adalimumab Concentrations at Home in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Dried Blood Samples
Authors: Berends Sophie E. , Bloem Karien , de Vries Annick , Schaap Tiny , Rispens Theo , Strik Anne S. , Talwar Rawina , Löwenberg Mark , D'Haens Geert R. , Mathôt Ron A. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Adalimumab (ADL) is a subcutaneously administered anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agent used in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Higher ADL trough concentrations are associated with improved clinical and endoscopic outcomes. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of ADL might be facilitated by using dried blood samples (DBSs) from capillary blood obtained at home. The study aimed to compare serum ADL concentrations obtained through venipuncture to ADL concentrations in DBSs.

Methods:
Patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis receiving induction or maintenance ADL therapy were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Blood was obtained through venipuncture and through DBSs during a regular outpatient visit (time point 1). Just before the next ADL administration, patients performed DBSs at home (time point 2). For this time point, serum ADL concentrations were estimated by Bayesian analysis.

Results:
Thirty-three patients with inflammatory bowel disease were enrolled. During the outpatient visit, samples were obtained after a median (interquartile range) of 6 (4–10) days after the last ADL dose. A high correlation was found between DBSs and venipuncture results (Pearson correlation: ≥0.96), without any clinically relevant bias. For DBSs performed by patients at home, initial comparison showed a moderate correlation between DBS results and predicted ADL serum concentrations (Pearson correlation: 0.51), although no bias was present. In addition, DBS eluate results compared with predicted ADL serum concentrations showed a mean absolute percentage error (ie, accuracy) of 45%.

Conclusions:
High correlations were found between ADL serum concentrations obtained through conventional venipuncture and DBSs, which indicates that this home-based test can facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring–based ADL dose adjustments in daily practice.
COMPARISON OF MULTICOLOR IMAGING AND COLOR FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE DETECTION OF PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN EYES WITH POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Tan Anna C. S. , Yanagi Yasuo , Cheung Gemmy Chui Ming 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
To compare the appearance and frequency of detection of common features in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy using multicolor imaging (MC) or color fundus photography (CFP).

Methods:
Thirty-eight eyes with indocyanine green angiography–proven polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, imaged with both MC and CFP, were graded by three independent retinal specialists. The presence of five prespecified pathological features (blood, exudation, polypoidal lesions, pigment epithelial detachments, and atrophy) was graded on each modality independently. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography, fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography was used as the gold standard.

Results:
Overall, there was no statistically significant difference in the ability of MC imaging compared with CFP in detecting the pathological features. Polypoidal lesions appear as small, dark green, round lesions which have higher contrast on MC compared with a nodular orange appearance seen on CFP. Polypoidal lesions can be identified noninvasively using both MC and CFP in about half of the cases.

Conclusion:
There are differences in the appearance of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy–associated features on MC compared with CFP. Both modalities are comparable for the detection of pathological features in eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. MC imaging may be considered as an alternative to CFP.
UNUSUAL CAUSE OF BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION: POLYCYTHEMIA IN A TRANSGENDER MAN FROM UNREGULATED TESTOSTERONE USE
Authors: Choy Darren Mun Yoong , Voon Li-Wern , Teoh Stephen C. B. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose:
We report a transgender patient with branch retinal artery occlusion who had secondary polycythemia from unregulated testosterone injections and review the literature on the mechanisms of supraphysiologic and standard doses of testosterone causing a hypercoagulable state.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
A 45-year-old Chinese transgender man with no medical history presented with a 1-week history of a scotoma in his left eye vision. Ophthalmologic examination revealed retinal pallor and edema along the superotemporal arteriole in the left eye. Optical coherence tomography showed increased thickness of the inner retinal layers of the superotemporal retina. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated an arm–retina time of 1 minute and 43 seconds, with no vascular sheathing and capillary fallout. A diagnosis of left superotemporal branch retinal artery occlusion was made. Initial blood tests revealed a hemoglobin level of 19.3 g/dL (11.8-14.6 g/dL), hematocrit of 62% (34.3–43.0%), and erythrocytes of 6.56 × 1012/L (3.7–4.8 × 1012/L). He revealed later that he had been on weekly testosterone injections (testosterone enanthate 250-mg depot injection) since 2011. He was also exposed to a moderately high altitude, when his symptoms occurred, raising the possibility of worsening hypercoagulability resulting in his thrombotic event.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of a trans man who developed branch retinal artery occlusion after self-administering supraphysiological doses of testosterone. In a young patient with no history of cardiovascular risk factors who develops retinal arterial occlusion, other causes such as hypercoagulable syndromes must be excluded. This case warns of the dangers of unregulated testosterone use, especially at supraphysiologic doses, and the risks of thrombotic events from secondary polycythemia.
Depression in Nonhospitalized Jordanian Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: AL-ZARU Ibtisam M. , ALHALAIQA Fadwa , DALKY Heyam Fawaz , ARRAMADAN Kholoud Ali , BATIHA Abdul-Monim 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are likely to experience depression, which contributes to the burden of disease and is a risk factor for mortality. Patients in outpatient clinics in Jordan are not routinely screened for depression. Significant relationships among patient characteristics must be determined to ascertain the predictors of depression.

Purpose:
The aims of this research were to assess the level of depression symptoms in nonhospitalized patients with CAD; to examine the relationships between depression and relevant sociodemographic, self-reported health history, and patient health perception variables; and to identify possible predictors of depression in Jordan.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample (N = 174) of nonhospitalized outpatients who had been diagnosed with CAD. Self-reported demographic, health history, and health perception information (independent variables) were provided by the participants. The depression scores (dependent variable) for the participants were assessed using the Cardiac Depression Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, Pearson's correlations, and multiple linear regressions.

Results:
Half of the participants reported mild to moderate depression, with 37% reporting severe depression. Predictors of depression included gender (being female), having a concomitant chronic disease, prior surgery, irregular exercise, impaired sexual activity, and self-perceived poor psychological health.

Conclusions/Implications for Practice:
To improve patient outcomes, clinical personnel should screen patients with CAD for depression and offer a combined pharmaceutical and therapeutic treatment intervention. An easy-to-administer instrument to detect depression may be included in the standard patient checkup routine used in clinics. Several patient characteristics were found to significantly affect depression and health outcomes.
The Process of Developing Resilience in Patients With Burn Injuries
Authors: HAN Jing , ZHOU Xue-Ping , LIU Jun-E , YUE Peng , GAO Li 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with burn injuries resulting in visible disabilities may face negative emotional experiences during rehabilitation. Understanding the development of resilience in these patients may help those who are seeking methods to better adapt to their new situation.

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the development of resilience in patients with burns during their convalescence.

Methods
Ten patients with burn injuries who were convalescing in a general hospital in China were recruited and enrolled as participants. Data were collected using recorded, semistructured in-depth interviews and analyzed following the principles of grounded theory.

Results
The development of resilience in patients with burns included five stages of “black hole,” “introspection,” “integration,” “practice,” and “growth.” Both internal and external protective factors were identified. The internal protective factors included hope, sincerity, will, belief, and curiosity, and the external protective factor was mutual relationships that reflected the qualities of caring, support, sharing, commitment, and intimacy.

Conclusions
Resilience was achieved gradually over several progressive steps through the five stages (black hole, introspection, integration, practice, and growth). The results of this research may provide insights and support to patients who seek to improve their adaptation to new situations.
Clinical characteristics and management of primary granulocytic sarcoma of the breast
Authors: Wu Heng-yu , Liu Lei , Gu Lei , Luo Yong-hui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary granulocytic sarcoma of the breast is a rare and poor-prognosis malignancy. Clinicians do not have sufficient knowledge of this disease and often misdirect it as other soft tissue sarcomas or inflammation.

Patient concerns:
A 42-year-old female presented with a self-discovered asymptomatic growing and palpable right breast mass that had been present for 4 months.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed as primary myeloid sarcoma.

Interventions:
The patient received modified radical mastectomy in the right breast and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Pathological diagnosis is primary granulocytic sarcoma. Then the patient accepted acute myeloid leukemia-induction chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The follow-up of this patient has no evidence of disease progression or spread during 1 year.

Lessons:
Granulocytic sarcoma in the breast tissue is rare. But it still should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any tumor in the breast. The present study discusses comprehensively the clinical and pathological characteristics to improve the understanding of myeloid sarcoma.
Vitamin D concentration and risk of Alzheimer disease
Authors: Yang Kui , Chen Jun , Li Xiaoguang , Zhou Yongning 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
Considerable controversy exists on the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. This study aimed to synthesize the association of serum vitamin D concentrations with AD in adults.

Methods:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were searched for prospective cohort studies with data on serum vitamin D concentrations and AD risk.

Result:
The studies that reported the adjusted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AD associated with serum vitamin D concentrations were included and subjected to subgroup analyses. Six prospective cohort studies with 1607 AD cases and 21,692 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. In 4 cohort studies with information about serum vitamin D concentrations <25 and 25 to 50 nmol/L, the random effects summary estimate did not show an increased risk of AD after adjustment for the established risk factors, while 3 cohort studies reported the RRs for incident AD per standard deviation (SD) decrease in serum vitamin D concentration and the random effects summary estimate did not show an increased risk of AD after adjustment for the established risk factors.

Conclusions:
The current meta-analysis indicated that serum vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol/L) or insufficiency (25–50 nmol/L) was not statistically significant and associated with the risk of AD.