bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptivity to dating and marriage across the religious divide in Northern Ireland: The role of intergroup contact
Authors: Paterson Jenny L. , Turner Rhiannon N. , Hodson Gordon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntergroup contact has long been recognized as an important factor in promoting positive intergroup attitudes. However, in operationalizing intergroup attitudes, previous studies have rarely investigated attitudes toward one of the most intimate forms of contact, romantic relationships. In this study (N = 176), we expand the intergroup contact literature to examine the association between intergroup contact and, arguably, a litmus test of intergroup attitudes: receptivity to intergroup romance. We do so in Northern Ireland, a context that is historically and presently characterized by sectarian division and tension between Catholics and Protestants. Our findings reveal that intergroup contact is positively associated with receptivity to both dating and marrying an outgroup member. These associations are mediated by ingroup norms toward outgroup romances. General outgroup attitudes were also found to be positively associated with contact but, in contrast to romantic attitudes, this association was shown, for the first time, to be simultaneously mediated by ingroup norms, anxiety, empathy, and trust. In addition, strength of ingroup identification played a moderating role, with a stronger positive relationship between contact and both romantic and general outgroup attitudes among higher identifiers. The findings highlight the importance of examining attitudes toward intergroup romantic relationships, as well as understanding the different mediating and moderating mechanisms which may account for how contact influences general attitudes and romantic attitudes. In the wake of the UK vote to leave the European Union, they also serve as an important reminder of how intergroup contact can be effective in promoting peace in Northern Ireland.
Down‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 is involved in intervertebral disc degeneration via the ERK signalling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhonghui , Zhang Weibing , Zhang Nu , Zhou Yan , Hu Geliang , Xue Mingdi , Liu Junhua , Li Yaming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is obvious that epigenetic processes influence the evolution of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that IGFBP5, a potential regulator of IDD, modulates IDD via the ERK signalling pathway. We showed that IGFBP5 mRNA was significantly down‐regulated in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. IGFBP5 was shown to significantly promote NP cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in vitro, which was confirmed by MTT, flow cytometry and colony formation assays. Furthermore, IGFBP5 was shown to exert its effects by inhibiting the ERK signalling pathway. The effects induced by IGFBP5 overexpression on NP cells were similar to those induced by treatment with an ERK pathway inhibitor (PD98059). Moreover, qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to examine the levels of apoptosis‐related factors, including Bax, caspase‐3 and Bcl2. The silencing of IGFBP5 up‐regulated the levels of Bax and caspase‐3 and down‐regulated the level of Bcl2, thereby contributing to the development of human IDD. Furthermore, these results were confirmed in vivo using an IDD rat model, which showed that the induction of Igfbp5 mRNA expression abrogated the effects of IGFBP5 silencing on intervertebral discs. Overall, our findings elucidate the role of IGFBP5 in the pathogenesis of IDD and provide a potential novel therapeutic target for IDD.
Reaching a shared understanding of shared decision making in health care: NICE's experience of scoping the shared decision making guideline
Authors: Wohlgemuth Clare , Penman Katrina , Desai Monica , Nolan Kay , Taske Nichole , Chrisp Paul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNICE's guideline on shared decision making, currently under development, endeavours to support shared decision making as part of routine health care practice. In this article, we summarize our learning to date, gained through the scoping of the guideline, on the key challenges that need to be addressed in the guideline. The production of a scope is the first stage in the development of a NICE guideline, setting the parameters for what will be considered in the guideline. The process for scoping the shared decision making guideline involved discussion with early recruited committee members and engagement with registered stakeholders, through both a workshop and formal consultation. Important, and sometimes divergent, viewpoints about shared decision making were revealed through this process. The key challenges centred on the issues of a need for a common definition of shared decision making, measurability, opportunities, barriers to implementation, and feasibility. Recognizing these challenges aided the refinement of the scope in terms of what the guideline will cover, draft questions and main outcomes for consideration.
Exposure to a competitive social environment activates an epigenetic mechanism that limits pheomelanin synthesis in zebra finches
Authors: Rodríguez‐Martínez Sol , Galván Ismael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompetitive environments promote high testosterone levels, produce oxidative stress and, consequently, impair cellular homeostasis. The regulation of genes involved in the synthesis of the pigment pheomelanin in melanocytes seems to help to maintain homeostasis against environmental oxidative stress. Here, we experimentally increased social interactions in some zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) males by keeping them in groups of six birds during feather growth, while others were kept alone, to test if melanocytes show epigenetic lability under a competitive social environment. As these changes may depend on the oxidative status, we administrated buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) to decrease the antioxidant capacity of some birds. The competitive environment downregulated a gene involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11) by changing the level of DNA methylation in feather melanocytes. In other genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc45a2, MC1R and AGRP), DNA methylation was also affected, but no changes in expression were detected. Exposure to the competitive environment did not affect systemic oxidative stress and damage, indicating that a protective epigenetic mechanism that changes the expression of Slc7a11 may have been activated. However, no changes to the pigmentation phenotype of birds were found, probably due to the short duration or low intensity of the competitive environment. BSO treatment did not affect the epigenetic mechanism, suggesting that the antioxidant capacity of birds was high enough to deal with the competitive environment. An epigenetic mechanism limiting pheomelanin synthesis therefore becomes activated under exposure to a competitive environment in male zebra finches, which may help to avoid damage caused by competitive interactions.
First report of the dog louse fly Hippobosca longipennis in Romania
Authors: Mihalca A. D. , Păstrav I. R. , Sándor A. D. , Deak G. , Gherman C. M. , Sarmaşi A. , Votýpka J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract.Hippobosca longipennis (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), the dog fly or dog louse fly, is an obligate blood‐feeding ectoparasite of wild and domestic carnivores in Africa and the Middle East. Outside its typically known geographic range, H. longipennis has been reported occasionally on mainly domestic dogs in Asia and southern Europe, and infrequently in other areas (central Europe and the U.S.A.). This paper presents the first report of H. longipennis in Romania and the second record of Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), a potentially invasive species. Hippobosca longipennis was found on domestic dogs in two regions of the country (northern Romania in Maramures and southwestern Romania in Dobrogea) and on two road‐killed wildcats in Maramures. Lipoptena fortisetosa was found on domestic dogs in Maramures. In both species identification was based on morphology and confirmed by barcoding of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. It is not clear for how long H. longipennis has been present in central Europe, nor if it was introduced (via the movement of domestic dogs or import of exotic carnivores) or present historically (Holocene remnants). This paper discusses the possible origins of H. longipennis in central Europe as its current distribution in the area is sparse and patchy.
The impact of dietary fermentable carbohydrates on a postinflammatory model of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Tuck Caroline J. , Caminero Alberto , Jiménez Vargas Nestor N. , Soltys Carmen L , Jaramillo Polanco Josue O. , Lopez Lopez Cintya D. , Constante Marco , Lourenssen Sandra R. , Verdu Elena F. , Muir Jane G. , Lomax Alan E. , Reed David E. , Vanner Stephen J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundA low fermentable carbohydrate (FODMAP) diet is used in quiescent inflammatory bowel disease when irritable bowel syndrome‐like symptoms occur. There is concern that the diet could exacerbate inflammation by modifying microbiota and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. We examined the effect of altering dietary FODMAP content on inflammation in preclinical inflammatory models.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 5 days and recovered for 3 weeks (postinflammatory, n = 12), or 5 days (positive‐control, n = 12). Following recovery, DSS‐treated or control mice (negative‐control, n = 12) were randomized to 2‐week low‐ (0.51 g/100 g total FODMAP) or high‐FODMAP (4.10 g) diets. Diets mimicked human consumption containing fructose, sorbitol, galacto‐oligosaccharide, and fructan. Colons were assessed for myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and histological damage. Supernatants were generated for perforated patch‐clamp recordings and cytokine measurement. Cecum contents were analyzed for microbiota, SCFA, and branched‐chain fatty acids (BCFA). Data were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni.Key resultsInflammatory markers were higher in the positive‐control compared with negative‐control and postinflammatory groups, but no differences occurred between the two diets within each treatment (MPO P > .99, histological scores P > .99, cytokines P > .05), or the perforated patch‐clamp recordings (P > .05). Microbiota clustered mainly based on DSS exposure. No difference in SCFA content occurred. Higher total BCFA occurred with the low‐FODMAP diet in positive‐control (P < .01) and postinflammatory groups (P < .01).Conclusions and inferencesIn this preclinical study, reducing dietary FODMAPs did not exacerbate nor mitigate inflammation. Microbiota profile changes were largely driven by inflammation rather than diet. Low FODMAP intake caused a shift toward proteolytic fermentation following inflammation.
Competing mechanisms of plasticity impair compensatory responses to repetitive apnoea
Authors: Fields Daryl P. , Braegelmann Kendra M. , Meza Armand L. , Mickelson Carly R. , Gumnit Maia G. , Baker Tracy L. 
Published: July 2019

Key points
Intermittent reductions in respiratory neural activity, a characteristic of many ventilatory disorders, leads to inadequate ventilation and arterial hypoxia. Both intermittent reductions in respiratory neural activity and intermittent hypoxia trigger compensatory enhancements in inspiratory output when experienced separately, forms of plasticity called inactivity‐induced inspiratory motor facilitation (iMF) and long‐term facilitation (LTF), respectively.
Reductions in respiratory neural activity that lead to moderate, but not mild, arterial hypoxia occludes plasticity expression, indicating that concurrent induction of iMF and LTF impairs plasticity through cross‐talk inhibition of their respective signalling pathways.
Moderate hypoxia undermines iMF by enhancing NR2B‐containing NMDA receptor signalling, which can be rescued by exogenous retinoic acid, a molecule necessary for iMF.
These data suggest that in ventilatory disorders characterized by reduced inspiratory motor output, such as sleep apnoea, endogenous mechanisms of compensatory plasticity may be impaired, and that exogenously activating respiratory plasticity may be a novel strategy to improve breathing.
AbstractMany forms of sleep apnoea are characterized by recurrent reductions in respiratory neural activity, which leads to inadequate ventilation and arterial hypoxia. Both recurrent reductions in respiratory neural activity and hypoxia activate mechanisms of compensatory plasticity that augment inspiratory output and lower the threshold for apnoea, inactivity‐induced inspiratory motor facilitation (iMF) and long‐term facilitation (LTF), respectively. However, despite frequent concurrence of reduced respiratory neural activity and hypoxia, mechanisms that induce and regulate iMF and LTF have only been studied separately. Here, we demonstrate that recurrent reductions in respiratory neural activity (‘neural apnoea’) accompanied by cessations in ventilation that result in moderate (but not mild) hypoxaemia do not elicit increased inspiratory output, suggesting that concurrent induction of iMF and LTF occludes plasticity. A key role for NMDA receptor activation in impairing plasticity following concurrent neural apnoea and hypoxia is indicated since recurrent hypoxic neural apnoeas triggered increased phrenic inspiratory output in rats in which spinal NR2B‐containing NMDA receptors were inhibited. Spinal application of retinoic acid, a key molecule necessary for iMF, bypasses NMDA receptor‐mediated constraints, thereby rescuing plasticity following hypoxic neural apnoeas. These studies raise the intriguing possibility that endogenous mechanisms of compensatory plasticity may be impaired in some individuals with sleep apnoea, and that exogenously activating pathways giving rise to respiratory plasticity may be a novel pharmacological strategy to improve breathing.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Flow and Convective Heat Transfer
on a Rotor of a Discoidal Machine With Eccentric Impinging Jet
Authors: Haidar Chadia , Boutarfa Rachid , Sennoune Mohamed , Harmand Souad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Discoidal rotor–stator systems are especially used in rotating machines and in numerous industrial applications. The design of high-power machine requires compliance with certain cooling-related stresses. Using an air jet impinging on a rotating disk is one way to increase the global heat exchange. This work focuses on the numerical and experimental study of convective heat transfer in a rotor of a discoidal machine with an eccentric impinging jet. Convective heat transfers are determined experimentally in steady state on the surface of a single rotating disk. The experimental technique is based on the use of infrared thermography to access surface temperature measurement and on the numerical resolution of the energy equation in steady state to evaluate local convective coefficients. The results from the numerical simulation are compared with heat transfer experiments for rotational Reynolds numbers between 2.38 × 105 and 5.44 × 105 and for the jet's Reynolds numbers ranging from 16.5 × 103 to 49.6 × 103. A good agreement between the two approaches was obtained in the case of a single rotating disk, which confirms us in the choice of our numerical model. On the other hand, a numerical study of the flow and convective heat transfer in the case of an unconfined rotor–stator system with an eccentric air jet impinging and for a dimensionless spacing G = 0.02 was carried out. The results obtained revealed the presence of different heat transfer zones dominated either by rotation only, by the air flow only, or by the dynamics of the rotation flow superimposed on that of the air flow. Critical radii on the rotor surface have been identified.
Legacy deposits, milldams, water quality, and environmental change in the Four Mile Creek watershed, southwestern Ohio
Authors: Rech Jason A. , Grudzinski Bartosz , Renwick William H. , Tenison* Christina N. , Jojola# Marvi , Vanni Michael J. , Workman T. Race 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Streams in the Midwest of the United States have experienced major changes in their watersheds since European settlement that have altered sediment loads, runoff, nutrient concentrations, and the abundance of woody debris. Moreover, the near extirpation of keystone species such as beaver, and the construction of dams and impoundments (e.g., milldams, causeways, reservoirs, small ponds, etc.), have had impacts on the entrainment of sediments, the connectivity between tributaries, main channels, and floodplains, and channel form. As stream restoration efforts increase, how do we restore streams to their ‘natural’ state? Can streams restored to a pre–European settlement condition maintain equilibrium under current land use? Here we examine the impact of post-European settlement changes to a small (432 km2) watershed in southwestern Ohio that is largely representative of rural watersheds in the Midwest. We examine the impact of nineteenth-century milldams, report the results of a 21-year study of nutrient and sediment concentrations in the upper portion of the watershed during a shift from conventional to conservation tillage, and assess the potential impact of the return of beavers on stream sediment and nutrient concentrations. Our objective is to understand how streams have been impacted by humans over the past 250 years, and to identify strategies for ‘restoring’ streams in the Midwest.
Watch what you drink: Midwestern alluvial-outwash aquifers and the CV Theis Groundwater Observatory
Authors: Nash David B. , Townsend-Small Amy 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Great Miami Buried Valley Aquifer system (GMBVAS) is a U.S. EPA–designated sole-source aquifer for most of the ~2.3 million residents of the Great Miami River basin. The aquifer system is similar to many of the glacial outwash–alluvial aquifers found throughout the southern Midwestern United States: a valley deeply incised into bedrock by meltwater from repeated glaciations, subsequently aggraded with glacial outwash, lake clays, tills, and post-glacial alluvium. These aquifers are often immediately adjacent to or below modern streams with which they are hydrologically connected. Because of the exchange of water between the aquifer and surface streams, they must be considered two parts of a single hydrogeologic system; anything impacting one part will impact the other.
Because virtually all water is recycled, public water suppliers, agricultural users, and industrial users withdraw water from the GMBVAS, then discharge the used water to the next downstream consumer. For example, agricultural runoff and municipal wastewater enter the Great Miami River. River water recharges the aquifer near well fields through induced infiltration. Municipalities, agriculture, and industry pump groundwater from the aquifer and discharge some of the water back into the river as a return flow. Sound water management requires balancing the needs of these diverse users. Agriculture, particularly in the upper Great Miami basin, is a major source of revenue and jobs but requires heavy application of nutrients and herbicides. Sand and gravel quarrying in the Great Miami basin is critical for construction and infrastructure but also removes vast amounts of aquifer material. Not only is healthy reliable groundwater important for the public water supply, it is also essential to bottling facilities, distilleries, pharmaceutical companies, and other water-dependent industries that have been attracted to the area.
This field trip explores the GMBVAS, its uses, its interaction with Great Miami River, and the contrasting needs of the people and businesses that depend on it.
Lake level, shoreline, and dune behavior along the Indiana southern shore of Lake Michigan
Authors: Argyilan Erin P. , Johnston John W. , Lepper Kenneth , Monaghan G. William , Thompson Todd A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Indiana Dunes is a name commonly used for the eastern part of the Calumet Lacustrine Plain, generally referring to the large dunes along the coast from Gary, Indiana, eastward to the Michigan state line. However, the Calumet Lacustrine Plain also contains complex coastal landscapes associated with late Wisconsin to Holocene phases of ancestral Lake Michigan (e.g., mainland-attached beaches, barrier beaches, spits), including those formed during quasi-periodic decadal and shorter-term waterlevel variability that characterize modern Lake Michigan (e.g., beach ridges, dunes, interdunal wetlands). Major industrial development and other human activities have impacted the Calumet Lacustrine Plain, often altering these landscapes beyond recognition. Today, geological and paleoenvironmental data are sought to inform regional environmental restoration and management efforts and to increase the resiliency of the coastal landscape to ongoing disturbances. During this field trip, we will examine the relict shorelines and their associated nearshore and onshore features and deposits across the Indiana portion of the Calumet Lacustrine Plain. These features and deposits record the dynamic interaction between coastal processes of Lake Michigan, lake-level change, and long-term longshore sediment transport during the past 15,000 yr. Participants will examine the modern beach, the extensive beach-ridge record of the Tolleston Beach strandplain, a relict dune field, and the large dunes of the modern shoreline, including Mount Baldy. At Mount Baldy, we will focus on the landscape response to human modification of the shoreline. We will also explore the science behind dune decomposition chimneys—collapse features that caused a 6-yr-old boy to become buried more than 3.5 m below the dune surface in 2013 and highlighted a previously unrecognized geologic hazard.
Salem Limestone (Valmeyeran, Mississippian)—A high-energy carbonate shoal model
Authors: Keith* Brian D. , Thompson* Todd A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Salem Limestone (Valmeyeran, Mississippian) is a preeminent dimensional limestone quarried in a two-county area of south-central Indiana for nearly 200 years. Advances in quarry technology in the past 30 years produce nearly smooth-sawn quarry walls that show the exquisite depositional details of the Salem carbonate shoal.
The Salem shoal is part of a large-scale shoaling sequence that produced a carbonate platform during the middle Mississippian that began at the end of Borden Group (Mississippian) delta deposition and culminated with the deposition of the Ste. Genevieve Limestone (Mississippian). The Salem was deposited as a high-energy, but subtidal shoal above fair-weather wave base. Four environments are recognizable within the shoal: active shoal, open lagoon, intrashoal channel, and intershoal channel. A shoal crest environment may also be present as a fifth environment. A hierarchy of bounding surfaces can be defined using the sawed quarry exposures. First-order surfaces are foreset laminae and appear as inclined or horizontal stratification. Second-order surfaces are the contacts between similar bedforms, and third-order surfaces truncate first- and second-order surfaces, representing breaks in sedimentation. Combined they define mesoforms within the shoal complex. Fourth-order surfaces, similar to third-order surfaces, represent a change from a shoal to lagoonal setting. Evidence of hard-ground development occurs along third-order surfaces, associated with encrusting bryozoan holdfasts, corals, and columnar subtidal stromatolites. Tracing surfaces on the quarry walls is vital to reconstructing the internal architecture of the shoal and the processes that operated within it. We will examine this shoal architecture by visiting quarries and an outcrop, and we will visit a mill where quarried stone blocks are fabricated into panels and shapes for buildings.