bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The omics approach to bee nutritional landscape
Authors: Chakrabarti Priyadarshini , Morré Jeffery T. , Lucas Hannah M. , Maier Claudia S. , Sagili Ramesh R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Significant annual honey bee colony losses have been reported in the USA and across the world over the past years. Malnutrition is one among several causative factors for such declines. Optimal nutrition serves as the first line of defense against multiple stressors such as parasites/pathogens and pesticides. Given the importance of nutrition, it is imperative to understand bee nutrition holistically, identifying dietary sources that may fulfill bee nutritional needs. Pollen is the primary source of protein for bees and is critical for brood rearing and colony growth. Currently, there is significant gap in knowledge regarding the chemical and nutritional composition of pollen.

Methods
Targeted sterol analysis and untargeted metabolomics were conducted on five commercially available crop pollens, three bee-collected crop pollens, three vegetable oils (often added to artificial protein supplements by beekeepers), and one commonly used artificial protein supplement.

Results
This study reports key phytosterols and metabolites present across a spectrum of bee diets, including some of the major bee-pollinated crop pollens in the western United States. Significant differences were observed in sterol concentrations among the dietary sources tested. Among all quantified sterols, the highest concentrations were observed for 24-methylenecholesterol and further, pollen samples exhibited the highest 24-methylenecholesterol among all diet sources that were tested. Also, 236 metabolites were identified across all dietary sources examined.

Conclusion
Information gleaned from this study is crucial in understanding the nutritional landscape available to all bee pollinators and may further assist in future efforts to develop comprehensive database of nutrients and metabolites present in all bee diets.
Using compression to find interesting one-dimensional cellular automata
Authors: Ahmed Nadim , Teahan William J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel method for finding interesting behaviour in complex systems based on compression. A new clustering algorithm has been designed and applied specifically for clustering 1D elementary cellular automata behaviour using the prediction by partial matching (PPM) compression scheme, with the results gathered to find interesting behaviours. This new algorithm is then compared with other clustering algorithms in Weka and the new algorithm is found to be more effective at grouping behaviour that is visually similar in output. Using PPM compression, the rate of change of the cross-entropy with respect to time is calculated. These values are used in combination with a clustering algorithm, such as k-means, to create a new set of clusters for cellular automata. An analysis of the data in each cluster is then used to determine if a cluster can be classed as interesting. The clustering algorithm itself was able to find unusual behaviours, such as rules 167 and 181 which have output that is slightly different from all the other Sierpiński Triangle-like patterns, because their apexes are off-centre by one cell. When comparing the new algorithm with other established ones, it was discovered that the new algorithm was more effective in its ability to group interesting and unusual cellular automata behaviours together.
Association between circulating zinc/ferritin levels and parent Conner’s
scores in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: El-Baz Farida M. , Youssef Azza M. , khairy Eman , Ramadan Dina , Youssef Walaa Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
ADHD is one of the most common neurobehavioral disorders among children
and adolescents. In this prospective study, we aimed to measure circulating
zinc and ferritin levels in children with ADHD, pick up the deficient ones
to give zinc and iron supplements then compare before and after treatment
according to their Conner’s scores and Wecsler IQ test. Current study
included fifty children diagnosed as having ADHD by DSMV criteria, their
zinc and ferritin levels were measured by Colorimetric method and
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. They were divided
into: group I (zinc only deficient),group II (zinc and ferritin
deficient),group III (non-deficient), cases with mineral deficiency received
zinc (55 mg/day) and/or iron (6 mg/kg/day) for 6 months then reassessed by
parent Conner’s rating scale. In group 1, there was no significant
difference between the Wecsler verbal and non-verbal IQ scores and
oppositional and cognitive problems in Conner’s scores before and after zinc
supplements, although there was significant improvement in attention,
hyperactivity, emotional liability and impulsivity. In group II, there was
significant improvement in verbal and total IQ but not in performance IQ,
also there was significant improvement in hyperactivity, emotional liability
and impulsivity with no significant difference in oppositional, cognitive
problems and inattention before and after zinc/ iron supplements. In
Conclusion, Zinc supplements in adjuvant to the main treatment significantly
improved symptoms of ADHD children. However, a combined zinc and iron
supplements was superior to zinc alone in alleviating ADHD symptoms as well
as IQ improvement.
Do Alzheimer's and Lewy body disease have discrete pathological signatures of gait?
Authors: Mc Ardle Ríona , Galna Brook , Donaghy Paul , Thomas Alan , Rochester Lynn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to refine the hypothesis that dementia has a unique signature of gait impairment reflective of underlying pathology by considering two dementia subtypes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD), and exploring the role of cognition in disease‐specific gait impairments.BackgroundAccurately differentiating AD and LBD is important for treatment and disease management. Early evidence suggests gait could be a marker of dementia due to associations between discrete gait characteristics and cognitive domains.Updated HypothesisWe hypothesize that AD and LBD have unique signatures of gait, reflecting disease‐specific cognitive profiles and underlying pathologies. An exploratory study included individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to LBD (n = 45) and AD (n = 36) and 29 older adult controls. An instrumented walkway quantified 16 gait characteristics reflecting five independent domains of locomotion (pace, rhythm, variability, asymmetry, and postural control). The LBD group demonstrated greater impairments in asymmetry and variability compared with AD; both groups were more impaired in pace and variability domains than controls. Executive dysfunction explained 11% of variance for gait variability in LBD, whereas global cognitive impairment explained 13.5% of variance in AD; therefore, gait impairments may reflect disease‐specific cognitive profiles. With a refined hypothesis that AD‐ and LBD‐specific signatures of gait reflect discrete pathologies, future studies must examine the relationship between a validated model of gait with neural networks, using recognized biomarkers and postmortem follow‐up.Major Challenges for HypothesisDifferential diagnosis of AD and LBD used appropriate criteria and required consensus from an expert diagnostic panel to improve diagnostic accuracy. Future work should follow the framework set out in Parkinson's disease to establish unique signatures of gait as proxy measures of disease‐specific pathology; that is, use a validated gait model to explore the progressive relationship between gait, cognition, and pathology.Linkage to Other Major TheoriesThese exploratory findings support the theory of interacting cognitive‐motor networks, as the gait‐cognition relationship may reflect cognitive control over motor networks. Unique signatures of gait may reflect different temporal patterns of pathological burden in neural areas related to cognitive and motor function.
Automated systems only: why CISOs should switch off their dumb machines
Authors: Young Spencer 
Published: September 2019

Cyber security is supposed to reduce risk and be cost effective at the same time. It's supposed to take the burden of legwork away from the CISO and his or her team. It's supposed to reduce the financial and reputational risk posed by malicious actors in an efficient, intelligent manner. Cyber security is supposed to reduce risk. What it's not supposed to do is generate reams of near-to-useless information, burying the security team in an avalanche of flags and alerts. Automating processes ensures that common threats are caught and dealt with early. Security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) can help, stitching together an organisation's disparate policy enforcement infrastructure, such as firewalls, gateways and other types of controllers, as well as existing event management systems, explains Spencer Young of Imperva.
Community advisory boards: Experiences and common practices of clinical and translational science award programs
Authors: Stewart M. Kathryn , Boateng Beatrice , Joosten Yvonne , Burshell Dana , Broughton Hilary , Calhoun Karen , Huff Davis Anna , Hale Rachel , Spencer Nicola , Piechowski Patricia , James Laura 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCommunity advisory boards (CABs) are a valuable strategy for engaging and partnering with communities in research. Eighty-nine percent of Clinical and Translational Science Awardees (CTSA) responding to a 2011 survey reported having a CAB. CTSAs’ experiences with CABs are valuable for informing future practice. This study was conducted to describe common CAB implementation practices among CTSAs; document perceived benefits, challenges, and contributions; and examine their progress toward desirable outcomes. A cross-CTSA collaborative team collected survey data from respondents representing academic and/or community members affiliated with CTSAs with CABs. Data representing 44 CTSAs with CABs were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A majority of respondents reported practices reflecting respect for CAB members’ expertise and input such as compensation (75%), advisory purview beyond their CTSA’s Community Engagement program (88%), and influence over CAB operations. Three-quarters provide members with orientation and training on roles and responsibilities and 89% reported evaluating their CAB. Almost all respondents indicated their CTSA incorporates the feedback of their CABs to some degree; over half do so a lot or completely. This study profiles practices that inform CTSAs implementing a CAB and provide an evaluative benchmark for those with existing CABs.
An observational study of a clinical guideline implementation project in primary care
Authors: Eder Milton “Mickey” , Jacobsen Rachel , Mielke Gwen , Luepker Russell V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExplorations of workflow development within primary care allow us to understand initial steps in the pace of knowledge and practice acclimatization within clinics. This study describes use of practice facilitation as an implementation strategy to communicate shared project goals and monitor and support refinement of practice behavior. This study engaged eight health care organizations, including 55 primary care practices, ≈380 clinicians, and ≈620 nursing and support staff in a guideline implementation project regarding United States Preventive Services Task Force use of aspirin recommendations for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.
Political skill and self-serving counterproductive work behaviors: Moderating role of perceptions of organizational politics
Authors: Zahid Fariha , Butt Arif Nazir , Khan Abdul Karim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe scholarship on political skill documents that it is a social savvy, personal style construct, associated with positive personal and organizational outcomes. However, this study takes a counterintuitive view and demonstrates that despite being a positive resource, political skill also has the potential to be used as a self-serving device to achieve one's personal agendas in the form of self-serving counterproductive work behaviors. Borrowing insights from the trait activation theory, this study demonstrates that a context, high in political perceptions, acts as an incentivized condition for politically skilled people to execute its dark side. The results supported the hypothesis and revealed that under high perceptions of organizational politics, political skill will have a significant, positive relation with self-serving counterproductive work behaviors. The study discusses important theoretical and practical implications of these results and extends the domains of political skill and counterproductive work behaviors.
Optimisation modelling to improve the diets of First Nations individuals
Authors: Johnson-Down Louise , Willows Noreen , Kenny Tiff-Annie , Ing Amy , Fediuk Karen , Sadik Tonio , Chan Hing Man , Batal Malek 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe examined the feasibility of linear programming (LP) to develop diets that were economical, included traditional (cultural, non-market) foods and met the dietary reference intakes (DRI) in a Canadian Indigenous population. Diet optimisation using LP is a mathematical technique that can develop food-based dietary guidelines for healthy eating in Indigenous populations where food insecurity, availability and cost are important considerations. It is a means of developing nutritionally optimal food combinations that are based on economical and culture-specific foods. Observed food consumption data were derived using 24-h food recalls from the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study. The LP models were constructed to develop diets meeting DRI, cost and food constraints. Achieving the recommended food intake was not feasible in a model meeting all nutrient requirements. Models that met most nutrient requirements at reduced cost were designed for men and women, separately. In women, it was necessary to increase energy intake to meet most nutrient requirements. Nutrient requirements could not be met for fibre, linoleic and linolenic acids, vitamin D, Ca and K in both sexes, P in women, and Mg and vitamin A in men. Using LP to develop optimal diets for First Nations people, we found simultaneous achievement of all DRI was difficult, suggesting that supplementation might be necessary which goes against recommendations for individuals to meet their nutrient needs through healthy eating patterns. Additionally, to make diets feasible, programmes to reduce market food costs and to support First Nations people in traditional food harvesting are recommended.
Querying Knowledge via Multi-Hop English Questions
Authors: GAO TIANTIAN , FODOR PAUL , KIFER MICHAEL 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe inherent difficulty of knowledge specification and the lack of trained specialists are some of the key obstacles on the way to making intelligent systems based on the knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) paradigm commonplace.Knowledge and query authoringusing natural language, especiallycontrollednatural language (CNL), is one of the promising approaches that could enable domain experts, who are not trained logicians, to both create formal knowledge and query it. In previous work, we introduced theKALMsystem (Knowledge Authoring Logic Machine) that supports knowledge authoring (and simple querying) with very high accuracy that at present is unachievable via machine learning approaches. The present paper expands on the question answering aspect of KALM and introducesKALM-QA(KALM for Question Answering) that is capable of answering much more complex English questions. We show that KALM-QA achieves 100% accuracy on an extensive suite of movie-related questions, calledMetaQA, which contains almost 29,000 test questions and over 260,000 training questions. We contrast this with a published machine learning approach, which falls far short of this high mark.
Abstract Solvers for Computing Cautious Consequences of ASP programs
Authors: AMENDOLA GIOVANNI , DODARO CARMINE , MARATEA MARCO 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAbstract solvers are a method to formally analyze algorithms that have been profitably used for describing, comparing and composing solving techniques in various fields such as Propositional Satisfiability (SAT), Quantified SAT, Satisfiability Modulo Theories, Answer Set Programming (ASP), and Constraint ASP.In this paper, we design, implement and test novel abstract solutions for cautious reasoning tasks in ASP. We show how to improve the current abstract solvers for cautious reasoning in ASP with new techniques borrowed from backbone computation in SAT, in order to design new solving algorithms. By doing so, we also formally show that the algorithms for solving cautious reasoning tasks in ASP are strongly related to those for computing backbones of Boolean formulas. We implement some of the new solutions in the ASP solver wasp and show that their performance are comparable to state-of-the-art solutions on the benchmark problems from the past ASP Competitions.
Inconsistency Proofs for ASP: The ASP - DRUPE Format
Authors: ALVIANO MARIO , DODARO CARMINE , FICHTE JOHANNES K. , HECHER MARKUS , PHILIPP TOBIAS , RATH JAKOB 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) solvers are highly-tuned and complex procedures that implicitly solve the consistency problem, i.e., deciding whether a logic program admits an answer set. Verifying whether a claimed answer set is formally a correct answer set of the program can be decided in polynomial time for (normal) programs. However, it is far from immediate to verify whether a program that is claimed to be inconsistent, indeed does not admit any answer sets. In this paper, we address this problem and develop the new proof format ASP-DRUPE for propositional, disjunctive logic programs, including weight and choice rules. ASP-DRUPE is based on the Reverse Unit Propagation (RUP) format designed for Boolean satisfiability. We establish correctness of ASP-DRUPE and discuss how to integrate it into modern ASP solvers. Later, we provide an implementation of ASP-DRUPE into the wasp solver for normal logic programs.
On the Equivalence Between Abstract Dialectical Frameworks and Logic Programs
Authors: ALCÂNTARA JOÃO , SÁ SAMY , ACOSTA-GUADARRAMA JUAN 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAbstract Dialectical Frameworks (ADFs) are argumentation frameworks where each node is associated with an acceptance condition. This allows us to model different types of dependencies as supports and attacks. Previous studies provided a translation from Normal Logic Programs (NLPs) toADFs and proved the stable models semantics for a normal logic program has an equivalent semantics to that of the correspondingADF. However, these studies failed in identifying a semantics forADFs equivalent to a three-valued semantics (as partial stable models and well-founded models) forNLPs. In this work, we focus on a fragment ofADFs, called Attacking Dialectical Frameworks (ADF+s), and provide a translation fromNLPs toADF+s robust enough to guarantee the equivalence between partial stable models, well-founded models, regular models, stable models semantics forNLPs and respectively complete models, grounded models, preferred models, stable models forADFs. In addition, we define a new semantics forADF+s, calledL-stable, and show it is equivalent to theL-stable semantics forNLPs.
Using Answer Set Programming for Commonsense Reasoning in the Winograd Schema Challenge
Authors: SHARMA ARPIT 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a natural language understanding task proposed as an alternative to the Turing test in 2011. In this work we attempt to solve WSC problems by reasoning with additional knowledge. By using an approach built on top of graph-subgraph isomorphism encoded using Answer Set Programming (ASP) we were able to handle 240 out of 291 WSC problems. The ASP encoding allows us to add additional constraints in an elaboration tolerant manner. In the process we present a graph based representation of WSC problems as well as relevant commonsense knowledge.
Precomputing Datalog Evaluation Plans in Large-Scale Scenarios
Authors: FIORENTINO ALESSIO , LEONE NICOLA , MANNA MARCO , PERRI SIMONA , ZANGARI JESSICA 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith the more and more growing demand for semantic Web services over large databases, an efficient evaluation of Datalog queries is arousing a renewed interest among researchers and industry experts. In this scenario, to reduce memory consumption and possibly optimize execution times, the paper proposes novel techniques to determine an optimal indexing schema for the underlying database together with suitable body-orderings for the Datalog rules. The new approach is compared with the standard execution plans implemented in DLV over widely used ontological benchmarks. The results confirm that the memory usage can be significantly reduced without paying any cost in efficiency.
Is there a limit to the size of the state? The scope conditions of Wagner's law
Authors: Karceski Steven M. , Kiser Edgar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between economic development and the growth of the state by testing Wagner's Law. We begin with a general test, and find it does not hold in all cases: it breaks down at higher levels of development and in more recent time periods. This suggests that Wagner's law has specific scope conditions, beyond which states do not continue to grow as economies grow. We use a series of models to explore the temporal scope of Wagner's law and the point at which state growth may hit a ceiling. We conclude limits on the growth of the state are set by limits on the capacity of states to increase taxation. States can avoid this problem temporarily by running budget deficits, but eventually accumulated debt forces them to cut expenditures. Spending is tied to tax revenue like a rubber band, it can stretch only so far before being pulled back.