bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferroptosis as a target for protection against cardiomyopathy
Authors: Fang Xuexian , Wang Hao , Han Dan , Xie Enjun , Yang Xiang , Wei Jiayu , Gu Shanshan , Gao Feng , Zhu Nali , Yin Xiangju , Cheng Qi , Zhang Pan , Dai Wei , Chen Jinghai , Yang Fuquan , Yang Huang-Tian , Linkermann Andreas , Gu Wei , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceNonapoptotic cell death-induced tissue damage has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorder, inflammation, and stroke. In this study, we demonstrate that ferroptosis, a newly defined iron-dependent cell death, mediates both chemotherapy- and ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyopathy. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 by doxorubicin as a major mechanism of ferroptotic cardiomyopathy. As a result, heme oxygenase 1 degrades heme and releases free iron in cardiomyocytes, which in turn leads to generation of oxidized lipids in the mitochondria membrane. Most importantly, both iron chelation therapy and pharmacologically blocking ferroptosis could significantly alleviate cardiomyopathy in mice. These findings suggest targeting ferroptosis as a strategy for treating deadly heart disease.
False equality in election advertisements
Authors: Karas Hilla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStudies have covered a variety of aspects related to the translation of political texts and propaganda. However, little has been written about the role that heterolingualism and translation can play in the original versions of these very texts. This article investigates a case in which multilingualism in propaganda was employed to reflect and comment on multilingualism and diversity in the political reality. It analyzes two highly controversial televised election advertisements from the Israeli 2013 campaign and their use of both Hebrew and Arabic in speech and in interlingual and intralingual subtitles. The analysis shows that code-switching and subtitles can play a role in conveying the political message and in masking it at the same time. It also suggests that the political use of heterolingualism and translation in the propaganda itself should be more profoundly explored.
Hemp in the United States: A Case Study of Regulatory Path Dependence
Authors: Malone Trey , Gomez Kevin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Agricultural Act of 2014 allowed for federally funded research on hemp for the first time since 1937. Since 2014, pro‐hemp legislation has received increasingly bipartisan support, culminating with the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, which would remove industrial hemp from its current listing as a Schedule 1 drug, and allow hemp to be treated like any other agricultural commodity. In part because of this legalization, hemp production in the United States has the potential to increase substantially. This study describes what is known about the economic and regulatory considerations of U.S. hemp agriculture through the lens of path dependency. Important questions remain regarding the legal and regulatory landscape of hemp, and are further complicated by its current listing as a Schedule 1 drug.
Estimation of Relative and Absolute Risks in a Competing-Risks Setting Using a Nested Case-Control Study Design: Example From the ProMort Study
Authors: Zelic Renata , Zugna Daniela , Bottai Matteo , Andrén Ove , Fridfeldt Jonna , Carlsson Jessica , Davidsson Sabina , Fiano Valentina , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Giunchi Francesca , Grasso Chiara , Lianas Luca , Mascia Cecilia , Molinaro Luca , Zanetti Gianluigi , Richiardi Lorenzo , Pettersson Andreas , Akre Olof 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Prostate Cancer (ProMort) study and use it to demonstrate how the weighted likelihood method can be used in nested case-control studies to estimate both relative and absolute risks in the competing-risks setting. ProMort is a case-control study nested within the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) of Sweden, comprising 1,710 men diagnosed with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer between 1998 and 2011 who died from prostate cancer (cases) and 1,710 matched controls. Cause-specific hazard ratios and cumulative incidence functions (CIFs) for prostate cancer death were estimated in ProMort using weighted flexible parametric models and compared with the corresponding estimates from the NPCR cohort. We further drew 1,500 random nested case-control subsamples of the NPCR cohort and quantified the bias in the hazard ratio and CIF estimates. Finally, we compared the ProMort estimates with those obtained by augmenting competing-risks cases and by augmenting both competing-risks cases and controls. The hazard ratios for prostate cancer death estimated in ProMort were comparable to those in the NPCR. The hazard ratios for dying from other causes were biased, which introduced bias in the CIFs estimated in the competing-risks setting. When augmenting both competing-risks cases and controls, the bias was reduced.
Emotional Face Processing among Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders: Investigating Sex Differences and Relationships with Interpersonal Functioning
Authors: Lewis Ben , Price Julianne L , Garcia Christian C , Nixon Sara Jo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display deficits across a broad range of cognitive processes. Disruptions in affective processing are understudied, but may be particularly important for interpersonal functioning and post-treatment adaptation. In particular, the role of sex in AUD-associated emotion processing deficits remains largely unaddressed and was a focus of the current investigation.MethodsFifty-six treatment seekers with AUD and 54 healthy community controls (N = 110) were administered an emotional face discrimination task. Non-affective tasks included a sex-discrimination task and two brief measures of executive functioning. Two measures of interpersonal function were included.ResultsEmotion processing deficits were evident among women with AUD relative to other groups. This sex-contingent relationship was not observed in measures of executive function, sex-discrimination or interpersonal problems, although individuals with AUD performed more poorly on these measures.ConclusionsResults were consistent with extant literatures examining cognitive, affective and interpersonal functioning among individuals with AUD, and provided novel evidence of vulnerability to alcohol-associated deficits in emotion processing among women. While similar sex-contingent effects were not apparent among other measures, results support modest interrelationships, specifically including the import of emotion processing to interpersonal functioning in AUD. These data offer guidance for further systematic investigation and highlight important considerations for future relapse-prevention and recovery-facilitation efforts.
CAFU: a Galaxy framework for exploring unmapped RNA-Seq data
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Ren Chengzhi , Zhai Jingjing , Yu Jiantao , Zhao Xuyang , Li Zelong , Zhang Ting , Ma Wenlong , Han Zhaoxue , Ma Chuang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A widely used approach in transcriptome analysis is the alignment of short reads to a reference genome. However, owing to the deficiencies of specially designed analytical systems, short reads unmapped to the genome sequence are usually ignored, resulting in the loss of significant biological information and insights. To fill this gap, we present Comprehensive Assembly and Functional annotation of Unmapped RNA-Seq data (CAFU), a Galaxy-based framework that can facilitate the large-scale analysis of unmapped RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) reads from single- and mixed-species samples. By taking advantage of machine learning techniques, CAFU addresses the issue of accurately identifying the species origin of transcripts assembled using unmapped reads from mixed-species samples. CAFU also represents an innovation in that it provides a comprehensive collection of functions required for transcript confidence evaluation, coding potential calculation, sequence and expression characterization and function annotation. These functions and their dependencies have been integrated into a Galaxy framework that provides access to CAFU via a user-friendly interface, dramatically simplifying complex exploration tasks involving unmapped RNA-Seq reads. CAFU has been validated with RNA-Seq data sets from wheat and Zea mays (maize) samples. CAFU is freely available via GitHub: https://github.com/cma2015/CAFU.
Tumour size determines both recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival after surgical treatment for thymoma
Authors: Okumura Meinoshin , Yoshino Ichiro , Yano Motoki , Watanabe Shun-ichi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Yoshida Kazuo , Date Hiroshi , Yokoi Kohei , Nakajima Jun , Toyooka Shin-ichi , Asamura Hisao , Miyaoka Etsuo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The tumour, node and the metastasis (TNM) staging system for thymic epithelial tumours was adopted by the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2016. Although the T factor is defined by the invasive nature of a thymoma, tumour size is not considered. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical importance of tumour size using a nationwide retrospective database of cases treated from 1991 to 2010 compiled by the Japanese Association for Research of the Thymus.

METHODS
Tumour size was evaluated by the maximum diameter shown by computed tomography imaging prior to resection. Tumour size was available for 2083 thymoma patients undergoing upfront surgical treatment. The tumour size ranged from 0.6 to 19.4 cm (mean 5.1 cm, median 4.9 cm). Harrell’s C-index was adopted to determine the cut-off value of the tumour size in 0.5-cm increments.

RESULTS
The highest C-index value (0.7760) was obtained in terms of recurrence-free survival after the complete resection when the cut-off value was set at 5.0 cm. The 10-year recurrence-free survival rate was 93.8% in patients with a tumour ≤5.0 cm and 84.3% in patients with a tumour >5.0 cm (P < 0.0001). The highest C-index value (0.8885) in terms of disease-specific survival was obtained when the cut-off value was set at 8.0 cm. The 10-year disease-specific survival rate was 98.8% in patients with a tumour <8.0 cm and 90.1% in those with a tumour ≥8.0 cm (P < 0.0001). The Cox’s proportional hazard model analysis showed that the tumour size and the TNM-based pathological stage were independent factors to determine both recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Tumour size is an important prognostic factor and should be considered when determining the treatment strategy for thymoma patients.
Y-shaped catheter improves carbon dioxide clearance during apnoeic oxygenation in tracheal surgery
Authors: Yokota Naoya , Go Tetsuhiko , Fujiwara Atsushi , Matsuura Natsumi , Yokomise Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESApnoeic oxygenation is a ventilation method in tracheal surgery, but has the disadvantage of causing progressive hypercapnia. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Y-shaped catheter for the prevention of accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in tracheal surgery.METHODSSurgery for tracheal resection and reconstruction was performed in 10 beagles under general anaesthesia. Before transecting the trachea, the dogs were hyperventilated for 10 min with pure oxygen. After the airway was opened, ventilation was maintained with a small catheter for apnoeic oxygenation for 30 min until the end of the tracheal reconstruction. Y-shaped catheters were used in 5 dogs and straight catheters were used in 5 dogs for oxygen insufflation. Haemodynamic values and blood gas values were evaluated and compared between the 2 groups.RESULTSThe mean elevation in the CO2 partial pressure value per minute from 5 min after the start of the procedure to the end of apnoeic oxygenation was 1.34 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.68] in the Y-shaped catheter group and 2.03 mmHg (95% CI 1.54–2.53) in the straight catheter group (P < 0.018). The total CO2 partial pressure elevation value was 59.5 mmHg in the Y-shaped catheter group and 89.0 mmHg in the straight catheter group (P < 0.006). There were no significant differences in haemodynamic values between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSApnoeic oxygenation using a Y-shaped catheter represses the accumulation of CO2 compared with a straight catheter in canine tracheal resection–reconstruction surgery.
Evidence for Cross-Protection Against Subsequent Febrile Respiratory Illness Episodes From Prior Infections by Different Viruses Among Singapore Military Recruits 2009–2014
Authors: Chen I-Cheng Mark , Loh Jin Phang , Chuah Cheryl X P , Gao Qiu Han Christine , Sun Yinxiaohe , Ng Sock Hoon , Koh Wee-Hong Victor , Goh Ee Hui , Zhao Xiahong , Tambyah Paul Anantharajah , Cook Alex R , Chng Jeremiah , Pang Junxiong , Tan Boon-Huan , Lee Vernon J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated the relative cross-protection conferred by infection with different groups of viruses through studies of sequential infections in humans. We investigated the presence of short-lived relative cross-protection conferred by specific prior viral infections against subsequent febrile respiratory illness (FRI).MethodsMen enlisted in basic military training between December 2009 and December 2014 were recruited, with the first FRI as the study entry point. ResPlex II assays and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect viral pathogens in nasal wash samples, and survival analyses were performed to determine whether infection with particular viruses conferred short-lived relative cross-protection against FRI.ResultsPrior infection with adenovirus (hazard ratio [HR], 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], .14–.44) or influenza virus (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, .38–.73) conferred relative protection against subsequent FRI episode. Results were statistically significant even after adjustment for the interval between enlistment and FRI (P < .001). Adenovirus-positive participants with FRI episodes tended to be protected against subsequent infection with adenovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus/rhinovirus, and influenza virus (P = .062–.093), while men with influenza virus–positive FRI episodes tended be protected against subsequent infection with adenovirus (P = .044) and influenza virus (P = .081).ConclusionPrior adenovirus or influenza virus infection conferred cross-protection against subsequent FRI episodes relative to prior infection due to other circulating viruses.
Improving the design of California’s prescription drug monitoring program
Authors: Hussain Mustafa I , Nelson Ariana M , Polston Gregory , Zheng Kai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe US CDC identified prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) as a tool to address the contemporary opioid crisis, but few studies have investigated PDMP usability and effectiveness from the users’ perspective. Even fewer have considered how practices differ across medical domains. In this study, we aimed to address these gaps, soliciting perspectives on PDMPs from providers contending with the opioid crisis: physicians working in emergency departments (EDs) and pain management clinics. We aimed to provide practical design recommendations to improve PDMP workflow integration, as well as controlled substance history retrieval, interpretation, and decision support.MethodsWe conducted 16 in-depth semi-structured interviews with practicing emergency and pain physicians regarding their procedures, problems, and proposed solutions surrounding their use of CURES, California’s PDMP. We investigated design problems in CURES by combining users’ feedback with our usability inspection, drawing upon an extensive body of design literature. Then, we generated alternatives using design methods.ResultsWe found CURES’s design did not accommodate the unique information needs of different medical domains. Further, clinicians had trouble accessing CURES and retrieving patients’ controlled substance histories, mainly due to usability problems that could be addressed with little technical adjustment. Additionally, CURES rendered patient histories in large, cluttered tables, devoid of overview or context, making interpretation difficult and precarious. Lastly, our interviewees had rarely noticed or used advanced features, such as decision support.Discussion and ConclusionUsability barriers inhibited adoption and effective use. We provide practical recommendations for improving opioid control by way of improving PDMP design, based on interviewees’ suggestions and research-based design principles. Our findings have implications for other disciplines, including surgery and primary care.
The microenvironment surrounding FAD mediates its conversion to 8-formyl-FAD in Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 formate oxidase
Authors: Doubayashi Daiju , Oki Masaya , Mikami Bunzo , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 formate oxidase has Arg87 and Arg554 near the formyl group and O(4) atom of 8-formyl-flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively, with Asp396 neighbouring Arg554. Herein, we probed the roles of these three residues in modification of FAD to 8-formyl-FAD. Replacement of Arg87 or Arg554 with Lys or Ala decreased and abolished the modification, respectively. Replacement of Asp396 with Ala or Asn lowered the modification rate. The observation of unusual effects of maintaining pH 7.0 on the modification in R87K, R554K and D396 variants indicates initial and subsequent processes with different pH dependencies. Comparison of the initial process at pH 4.5 and 7.0 suggests that the microenvironment around Arg87 and the protonation state of Asp396 affect the initial process in the native enzyme. Comparison of the crystal structures of native and R554 variants showed that the replacements had minimal effect on catalytic site structure. The positively charged Arg87 might contribute to the formation of an anionic quinone-methide tautomer intermediate, while the positively charged Arg554, in collaboration with the negatively charged Asp396, might stabilize this intermediate and form a hydrogen bonding network with the N(5)/O(4) region, thereby facilitating efficient FAD modification.
Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Wann L. Samuel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Stress Echocardiography chapter reviews the opportunities to increase sensitivity and specificity of stress testing for the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease with adjunctive echocardiography with exercise or dobutamine-atropine stress. Baseline imaging prior to stress should include a comprehensive evaluation of cardiac structure and function, including the assessment of valvular disease with Doppler echocardiography. The chapter discusses stress echocardiography protocols; image analysis and reporting; sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of coronary artery disease; and evaluation of noncoronary cardiac disease. New and developing echocardiographic technology, including ultrasound assessment of myocardial perfusion, real-time 3D echocardiographic, and strain imaging are also discussed.
Stress X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Wann L. Samuel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The chapter Stress X-Ray Computed Tomography reviews the history of cardiac computed tomography (CT) including electron beam and multidetector CT. After a brief history of CT, the chapter examines the opportunities and challenges of the use of electron beam and multidetector CT in the assessment of myocardial perfusion imaging. The practical use of multidetector CT at this time is for anatomic evaluation of epicardial coronary stenoses and pathology, assessment of coronary calcification, and increasing of a noninvasive assessment of fractional flow reserve. Limitations include the need to precisely time multiple CT scans with intravenous contrast injection; multidetector CT’s acute sensitivity to motion artifacts, requiring the latest generation CT scanners for optimal results; and, despite its excellent spatial resolution, the resolution of iodinated contrast in the myocardium as a measure of perfusion is suboptimal.
Metabolic Abnormalities and Drugs
Authors: Rowan Chris J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The chapter Metabolic Abnormalities and Drugs reviews the changes that affect the electrocardiogram at rest and during exercise. Anticipating these changes often allows the exercise test to remain diagnostic without the need for adjunctive imaging. Changes between rest and exercise occur with metabolic acidosis, alkalosis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, estrogens, androgens, digoxin, diuretics, nitrates, ranolazine, dipyridamole, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, anti-hypertensive agents, ivabradine, alcohol, nicotine, catecholamines, amphetamines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, and many anti-arrhythmics including quinidine, disopyramide, sotalol, flecainide, dofetilide, amiodarone, and dronedarone. Careful integration of all clinical variables, aided by the use of tools such as the Duke Treadmill Score, can reduce the need for additional testing including coronary angiography.
The Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Burton Laurie J. , Kamat Pradip P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) require procedural sedation for a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic reasons. Patients with ASD present a challenge to the sedationist due to a variety of issues, including impairment in social interaction, barriers to communication, complex behavioral patterns, stereotyped repetitive behavior, mental health issues, and a need for consistency in terms of environment and caregivers. Children with ASD, especially teenagers, can exhibit aggressive behavior, self-injury, and temper tantrums, which can lead to issues with efficient and safe preparation for procedural sedation. Other challenges include the need for additional resources, difficulties in approaching the patient to perform a physical examination, delays in administering premedications, and difficulty obtaining intravenous access prior to the procedure. Children with ASD are more likely to be referred for general anesthesia due to these problems. This chapter discusses the role of the sedationist in the procedural sedation of these children.
Credentialing and Recredentialing for Pediatric Sedation
Authors: Tobias Joseph D. , Hollman Gregory A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Given the complexity of the knowledge and skills required for the safe conduct of pediatric sedation, compounded by the diversity of sedation practitioners, a formal process for training and credentialing is recommended. Credentialing and recredentialing are the processes by which hospitals collect and review a practitioner’s qualifications as part of the initial step in granting clinical privileges. Regulatory boards mandate that each institution have a system in place that defines qualification requirements and approval of privileges for clinical practices such as procedural sedation. The credentialing process recurs at 2- to 3-year intervals along with renewal of privileges. Recredentialing of privileges may differ from the initial process.