bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory investigation of particle acceleration and magnetic field compression in collisionless colliding fast plasma flows
Authors: Higginson D. P. , Korneev Ph. , Ruyer C. , Riquier R. , Moreno Q. , Béard J. , Chen S. N. , Grassi A. , Grech M. , Gremillet L. , Pépin H. , Perez F. , Pikuz S. , Pollock B. , Riconda C. , Shepherd R. , Starodubtsev M. , Tikhonchuk V. , Vinci T. , d’Humières E. , Fuchs J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn many natural phenomena in space (cosmic-rays, fast winds), non-thermal ion populations are produced, with wave-particle interactions in self-induced electromagnetic turbulence being suspected to be mediators. However, the processes by which the electromagnetic energy is bestowed upon the particles is debated, and in some cases requires field compression. Here we show that laboratory experiments using high-power lasers and external strong magnetic field can be used to infer magnetic field compression in the interpenetration of two collisionless, high-velocity (0.01–0.1c) quasi-neutral plasma flows. This is evidenced through observed plasma stagnation at the flows collision point, which Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations suggest to be the signature of magnetic field compression into a thin layer, followed by its dislocation into magnetic vortices. Acceleration of protons from the plasma collision is observed as well. As a possible scenario, with 1D and 2D PIC simulations we consider a compression of the vortices against dense plasma remnants.
Coherent transport of quantum states by deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Porotti Riccardo , Tamascelli Dario , Restelli Marcello , Prati Enrico 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSome problems in physics can be handled only after a suitable ansatz solution has been guessed, proving to be resilient to generalization. The coherent transport of a quantum state by adiabatic passage through an array of semiconductor quantum dots is an excellent example of such a problem, where it is necessary to introduce a so-called counterintuitive control sequence. Instead, the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) technique has proven to be able to solve very complex sequential decision-making problems, despite a lack of prior knowledge. We show that DRL discovers a control sequence that outperforms the counterintuitive control sequence. DRL can even discover novel strategies when realistic disturbances affect an ideal system, such as detuning or when dephasing or losses are added to the master equation. DRL is effective in controlling the dynamics of quantum states and, more generally, whenever an ansatz solution is unknown or insufficient to effectively treat the problem.
Long noncoding RNA: an emerging player in diabetes and diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Guo Jia , Liu Zhangsuo , Gong Rujun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is among the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and remains the leading cause of end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs) in developed countries, with no definitive therapy yet available. It is imperative to decipher the exact mechanisms underlying DKD and identify novel therapeutic targets. Burgeoning evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential for diverse biological processes. However, their roles and the mechanisms of action remain to be defined in disease conditions like diabetes and DKD. The pathogenesis of DKD is twofold, so is the principle of treatments. As the underlying disease, diabetes per se is the root cause of DKD and thus a primary focus of therapy. Meanwhile, aberrant molecular signaling in kidney parenchymal cells and inflammatory cells may directly contribute to DKD. Evidence suggests that a number of lncRNAs are centrally involved in development and progression of DKD either via direct pathogenic roles or as indirect mediators of some nephropathic pathways, like TGF-β1, NF-κB, STAT3 and GSK-3β signaling. Some lncRNAs are thus likely to serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis or prognosis of DKD or as therapeutic targets for slowing progression or even inducing regression of established DKD. Here, we elaborated the latest evidence in support of lncRNAs as a key player in DKD. In an attempt to strengthen our understanding of the pathogenesis of DKD, and to envisage novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting lncRNAs, we also delineated the potential mechanisms of action as well as the efficacy of targeting lncRNA in preclinical models of DKD.
Developments in molecular epidemiology of aging
Authors: Hägg Sara , Belsky Daniel W. , Cohen Alan A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The field of molecular epidemiology of aging involves the application of molecular methods to measure aging processes and their genetic determinants in human cohorts. Over the last decade, the field has undergone rapid progress with a dramatic increase in the number of papers published. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the research field, with a specific focus on new developments, opportunities, and challenges.
Aging occurs at multiple hierarchical levels. There is increasing consensus that aging-related changes at the molecular level cause declines in physiological integrity, functional capacity, and ultimately lifespan. Molecular epidemiology studies seek to quantify this process. Telomere length, composite scores integrating clinical biomarkers, and omics clocks are among the most well-studied metrics in molecular epidemiology studies.
New developments in the field include bigger data and hypothesis-free analysis together with new modes of collaborations in interdisciplinary teams and open access norms around data sharing. Key challenges facing the field are the lack of a gold standard by which to evaluate molecular measures of aging, inconsistency in which metrics of aging are measured and analyzed across studies, and a need for more longitudinal data necessary to observe change over time.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Sentence Recall and Past Tense Measures for Identifying Children's Language Impairments
Authors: Redmond Sean M. , Ash Andrea C. , Christopulos Tyler T. , Pfaff Theresa 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Measures of linguistic processing and grammatical proficiency represent strong candidates for adaptation into language screeners for early elementary students. One key barrier, however, has been the lack of consensus around the preferred reference standard for assigning affected status. Diagnostic accuracies associated with sentence recall and past tense marking index measures were examined relative to 5 different reference standards of language impairment: receipt of language services, clinically significant levels of parental concern, low performance on language measures, a composite requiring at least 2 of these indicators, and a composite requiring convergence across all indicators.

Method
One thousand sixty grade K–3 students participated in school-based language screenings. All students who failed the screenings and a random sampling of those who passed were invited to participate in confirmatory assessments. The community-based sample was supplemented by a clinical sample of 58 students receiving services for language impairment. Two hundred fifty-four students participated in confirmatory testing. Examiners were naive to participants' status.

Results
Diagnostic accuracies for the sentence recall and past tense marking index measures varied across the different reference standards (areas under receiver operating characteristic curves: .67–.95). Higher levels of convergence occurred with reference standards based on behavioral measures. When affected status was defined by receipt of services and/or parental ratings, cases presented with higher levels of performance on the language measures than when affected status was based on behavioral criteria.

Conclusion
These results provide additional support for the adaptation of sentence recall and past tense marking to screen for language impairments in early elementary students.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8285786
Mathematical model for the optimal determination of voltage level and PCC for large wind farms connection to transmission network
Authors: Đorđević Ana , Đurišić Željko 
Published: June 2019

This study presents a practical mathematical model for the determination of the optimal point of connection of large wind farms to the transmission network. A comparative analysis of costs of connecting wind farms to the transmission network is given, about their distance from the point of common coupling (PCC). Calculations have been made for different installed capacity of the wind farm and for different voltage levels of PCC. Based on these calculations, there have been defined competitive distances of a wind farm with a certain power from the network of different voltage levels (e.g. 110 and 220 kV) for which the connection costs are equal. Such calculations are widely applicable and can be used by transmission system operators and wind power plant developers to optimise and plan the connection of a wind farm to the transmission network.
Stochastic energy investment in off‐grid renewable energy hub for autonomous building
Authors: Hemmati Reza 
Published: June 2019

This study forms and optimises the renewable energy hub to supply load demand in the autonomous building disconnected from electrical grid (i.e. net‐zero energy building). The proposed energy hub is made of hybrid wind‐solar‐hydro generation systems and it is also strengthened by pumped‐storage hydroelectricity and hydrogen storage systems. The hydro system includes two water reservoirs in cascade connection and one pumped‐storage hydroelectricity. The introduced optimisation programming designs proper capacity for cascade water reservoirs and energy storage system as well as optimises their operation. The uncertainties of parameters are included to make the stochastic programming. It is demonstrated that increasing the flow‐in of reservoir 1 by 25% decreases the planning cost by ∼2.5% and decreasing the flow‐in of reservoir 2 by 50% increases the planning cost by ∼16%. When the hydro system does not operate, the wind power must be increased to 10 kW in order to supply the load. When the wind and solar powers are not integrated, the hydro energy must be increased by 50%.
Reimplantation of a Large Extruded Segment of Tibia in an Open Fracture in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Afshar Ahmadreza , Tabrizi Ali 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 6-year-old boy presented with a Gustilo type IIIB open fracture on his left leg with a segment of bone loss in his tibia. The boy's attendants brought two bone fragments recovered from the scene of the accident. The extruded bones were a segment with a length of 5.5 cm and a cortical bone with a length of 4 cm. The extruded fragments were reimplanted after scrubbing with 10% povidone–iodine for 20 minutes, soaking in 2% chlorhexidine solution for 20 minutes, and rinsing with normal saline. Four months after the injury, the extruded fragments were incorporated in the callus of the fracture site and complete fracture union in appropriate alignment was achieved.
The relationship between the author and the translator from the perspective of power of tenor of discourse: a case study of the peritexts of the translations ofMengzi
Authors: Zhang Jiao , He Wei 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWithin the framework of Poynton’s power of tenor of discourse, this study explores the power relationship between the author and the translator and how the relationship is presented in the peritexts of the translations ofMengzi. The study firstly reinterprets Poynton’s power of tenor of discourse and proposes two new concepts, viz. “primary factor” and “secondary factor”. And based on this, the power relationship between the author and the translator is expounded. When the “primary factor” is status, the author and the translator are equal, but when the “primary factor” is expertise, the author and the translator are unequal, with the author dominant over the translator. The analysis of the peritexts of the translations ofMengzishows that the equality can be presented in the subtitle and the structure of the translations while the inequality can be displayed in the interpretation of culturally loaded words, particularly Confucian core concepts, and Mengzi’s thoughts. It is also found that the equality is usually caused by translation purpose, strategy, publication requirements, etc. and the inequality is generally relevant to the translator’s limited knowledge of the original, his/her thoughts, beliefs, and life experiences, the social, cultural and historical backgrounds, inadequate references, etc.
Large greenhouse gas savings due to changes in the post-Soviet food systems
Authors: Schierhorn Florian , Kastner Thomas , Kuemmerle Tobias , Meyfroidt Patrick , Kurganova Irina , Prishchepov Alexander V , Erb Karl-Heinz , Houghton Richard A , Müller Daniel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As the global food system contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, understanding the sources of GHG emissions embodied in different components of food systems is important. The collapse of the Soviet Union triggered a massive restructuring of the domestic food systems, namely declining consumption of animal products, cropland abandonment, and a major restructuring of agricultural trade. However, how these complex changes have affected global GHG emissions is uncertain. Here, we quantified the net GHG emissions associated with changes in the former Soviet Union’s food systems. Changes in food production, consumption, and trade together resulted in a net emissions reduction of 7.61 Gt carbon dioxide equivalents from 1992 to 2011. For comparison, this corresponds to one quarter of the CO2 emissions from deforestation in Latin America from 1991 to 2011. The key drivers of the emissions reductions were the decreasing beef consumption in the 1990s, increasing beef imports after 2000, mainly from South America, and carbon sequestration in soils on abandoned cropland. Ongoing transformations of the food systems in the former Soviet Union, however, suggest emissions will likely rebound. The results highlight the importance of considering agricultural production, land-use change, trade, and consumption when assessing countries emissions portfolios. Moreover, we demonstrated how emissions reductions that originate from a reduction in the extent and intensity of agricultural production can be compromised by increasing emissions embodied in rising imports of agricultural commodities.
Association between work in deforested, compared to forested, areas and human heat strain: an experimental study in a rural tropical environment
Authors: Suter Megan K , Miller Kristin A , Anggraeni Ike , Ebi Kristie L , Game Edward T , Krenz Jennifer , Masuda Yuta J , Sheppard Lianne , Wolff Nicholas H , Spector June T 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background. With climate change, adverse human health effects caused by heat exposure are of increasing public health concern. Forests provide beneficial ecosystem services for human health, including local cooling. Few studies have assessed the relationship between deforestation and heat-related health effects in tropical, rural populations. We sought to determine whether deforested compared to forested landscapes are associated with increased physiological heat strain in a rural, tropical environment. Methods. We analyzed data from 363 healthy adult participants from ten villages who participated in a two-by-two factorial, randomized study in East Kalimantan, Indonesia from 10/1/17 to 11/6/17. Using simple randomization, field staff allocated participants equally to different conditions to conduct a 90 min outdoor activity, representative of typical work. Core body temperature (CBT) was estimated at each minute during the activity using a validated algorithm from baseline oral temperatures and sequential heart rate data, measured using chest band monitors. We used linear regression models, clustered by village and with a sandwich variance estimator, to assess the association between deforested versus forested conditions and the number of minutes each participant spent above an estimated CBT threshold of 38.5 °C. Results. Compared to those in the forested condition (n = 172), participants in the deforested condition (n = 159) spent an average of 3.08 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57, 5.60) additional minutes with an estimated CBT exceeding 38.5 °C, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and experiment start time, with a larger difference among those who began the experiment after 12 noon (5.17 [95% CI 2.20, 8.15]). Conclusions. In this experimental study in a tropical, rural setting, activity in a deforested versus a forested setting was associated with increased objectively measured heat strain. Longer durations of hyperthermia can increase the risk of serious health outcomes. Land use decisions should consider the implications of deforestation on local heat exposure and health as well as on forest services, including carbon storage functions that impact climate change mitigation.
Biofabrication of bacterial nanocellulose scaffolds with complex vascular structure
Authors: Sämfors Sanna , Karlsson Kristina , Sundberg Johan , Markstedt Kajsa , Gatenholm Paul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has proven to be an effective hydrogel-like material for different tissue engineering applications due to its biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. However, as for all biomaterials, in vitro biosynthesis of large tissue constructs remains challenging due to insufficient oxygen and nutrient transport in engineered scaffold-cell matrices. In this study we designed, biofabricated and evaluated bacterial nanocellulose scaffolds with a complex vascular mimetic lumen structure. As a first step a method for creating straight channeled structures within a bacterial nanocellulose scaffold was developed and evaluated by culturing of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). In a second step, more complex structures within the scaffolds were produced utilizing a 3D printer. A print mimicking a vascular tree acted as a sacrificial template to produce a network within the nanoporous bacterial nanocellulose scaffolds that could be lined with endothelial cells. In a last step, a method to produce large constructs with interconnected macro porosity and vascular like lumen structure was developed. In this process patient data from x-ray computed tomography scans was used to create a mold for casting a full-sized kidney construct. By showing that the 3D printing technology can be combined with BNC biosynthesis we hope to widen the opportunities of 3D printing, while also enabling the production of BNC scaffolds constructs with tailored vascular architectures and properties.
Adhesiveness of TiO2PVD coating on electropolished stainless steel 17–4 PH orthodontic bracket
Authors: Supriadi S , Suharno B , Nugraha N K , Yasinta A O , Annur Dhyah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerformance of stainless steel 17-4 PH as the orthodontic bracket can be improved by titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating. In order to produce a good quality of the coating layer, the substrate had to be smooth and free from any contaminants. The electropolishing method was used to clean bracket’s surface from oxides substances which formed during sintering by reducing its surface roughness. Bath temperature and electropolishing time were varied to 30 °C and 70 °C, for 15 and 25 min, respectively. Those differences in electropolishing condition would affect the final surface’s roughness of the substrate. The atmosphere during PVD was controlled using oxygen and argon gases with the flowing rate ratio of 10:90 sccm and 50:50 sccm, and these gases would affect TiO2coating mechanical properties. The lowest roughness of 0.99μm and the highest roughness of 2.85μm were obtained after electropolishing. The coating quality on the substrates with different roughness was assessed through coating adhesivity on the substrate by micro Vickers qualitatively. The results showed that the TiO2coating layer on the substrate with a lower roughness had better adhesivity rather than on the substrate with higher roughness.
Association Between Medicaid Coverage and Income Status on Health Care Use and Costs Among Hypertensive Adults After Enactment of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Zhang Donglan , Ritchey Matthew R , Park Chanhyun , Li Jason , Chapel John , Wang Guijing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Hypertension is highly prevalent among the low-income population in the United States. This study assessed the association between Medicaid coverage and health care service use and costs among hypertensive adults following the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), by income status level.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of 2,866 nonpregnant hypertensive individuals aged 18–64 years with income up to 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were selected from the 2014 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Regression analyses were performed to examine the association of Medicaid coverage with outpatient (outpatient visits and prescription medication fills), emergency, and acute health care service use and costs among those potentially eligible for Medicaid by income status—the very low-income (FPL ≤ 100%) and the moderately low-income (100% &gt; FPL ≤ 138%).

Results
Among the study population, 70.1% were very low-income and 29.9% were moderately low-income. Full-year Medicaid coverage was higher among the very low-income group (41.0%) compared with those moderately low-income (29.1%). For both income groups, having full-year Medicaid coverage was associated with increased health care service use and higher overall annual medical costs ($13,085 compared with $7,582 without Medicaid); costs were highest among moderately low-income patients ($17,639).

Conclusion
Low-income individuals with hypertension, who were potentially newly eligible for Medicaid under the ACA may benefit from expanded Medicaid coverage by improving their access to outpatient services that can support chronic disease management. However, to realize decreases in medical expenditures, efforts to decrease their use of emergency and acute care services are likely needed.
Moving Futures
Authors: Naimou Angela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis essay-review discusses four books that link refugee migration and border politics to ideas of time. It reads Asfa-Wossen Asserate’s African Exodus (2018), Stephanie Li’s Pan-African American Literature (2018), Aimee Bahng’s Migrant Futures (2018), and Long T. Bui’s Returns of War (2018) as books with distinct objects of analysis, from refugee memory of the US war in Vietnam, to US literary and cultural speculative fictions, to African immigrant writers in the US, to the current so-called African migrant crisis as it affects Europe. It also considers the multiple disciplinary and methodological commitments of these books, as they participate in discussions on migration in such areas as ethnic studies, postcolonial studies, Asian American studies, critical refugee studies, scholarship on literature of African diasporas, economics, history, memory, and human rights. This essay-review considers the gains or limitations of such approaches to the study of migration in contemporary literature and/or culture.