bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking about ethnicity and gender diversity in children and young people
Authors: de Graaf Nastasja M , Manjra Ilham I , Hames Anna , Zitz Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Background: Little is known about how social and cultural variants interact with gender identity development. This article aims to identify the ethnicities of children and young people referred to the United Kingdom’s national Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS), and compare the ethnicity data with the UK child population and referrals to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). Methods: GIDS referrals made between April 2012 and April 2015 for children and young people were retrieved. Ethnicity data were obtained by the ‘16 + 1’ ethnicity list. Chi-square and t-tests were performed on the demographics. Results: Less than 10% of the 995 referrals at GIDS were from Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups – an underrepresentation as compared with both the national population and CAMHS figures. No significant differences in ethnic representation were found between the demographic birth-assigned sexes, across age groups, or year of referral. Conclusions: Hypotheses proposed for this underrepresentation take into account both the potential barriers to accessing services and the possibility of cross-cultural variations in the conceptualisations of gender, gender roles and gender diversity. Ethnicity, culture and religion, and their overlapping relationship with gender need further exploration.
Microsatellite Instability Is Associated With the Presence of Lynch Syndrome Pan-Cancer
Authors: Latham Alicia , Srinivasan Preethi , Kemel Yelena , Shia Jinru , Bandlamudi Chaitanya , Mandelker Diana , Middha Sumit , Hechtman Jaclyn , Zehir Ahmet , Dubard-Gault Marianne , Tran Christina , Stewart Carolyn , Sheehan Margaret , Penson Alexander , DeLair Deborah , Yaeger Rona , Vijai Joseph , Mukherjee Semanti , Galle Jesse , Dickson Mark A. , Janjigian Yelena , O’Reilly Eileen M. , Segal Neil , Saltz Leonard B. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane , Varghese Anna M. , Bajorin Dean , Carlo Maria I. , Cadoo Karen , Walsh Michael F. , Weiser Martin , Aguilar Julio Garcia , Klimstra David S. , Diaz Luis A. , Baselga Jose , Zhang Liying , Ladanyi Marc , Hyman David M. , Solit David B. , Robson Mark E. , Taylor Barry S. , Offit Kenneth , Berger Michael F. , Stadler Zsofia K. 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSE Microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or mismatch repair deficiency (MMR-D) testing has traditionally been performed in patients with colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancer (EC) to screen for Lynch syndrome (LS)–associated cancer predisposition. The recent success of immunotherapy in high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) and/or MMR-D tumors now supports testing for MSI in all advanced solid tumors. The extent to which LS accounts for MSI-H across heterogeneous tumor types is unknown. Here, we establish the prevalence of LS across solid tumors according to MSI status. METHODS MSI status was determined using targeted next-generation sequencing, with tumors classified as MSI-H, MSI-indeterminate, or microsatellite-stable. Matched germline DNA was analyzed for mutations in LS-associated mismatch repair genes ( MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM). In patients with LS with MSI-H/I tumors, immunohistochemical staining for MMR-D was assessed. RESULTS Among 15,045 unique patients (more than 50 cancer types), LS was identified in 16.3% (53 of 326), 1.9% (13 of 699), and 0.3% (37 of 14,020) of patients with MSI-H, MSI-indeterminate, and microsatellite-stable tumors, respectively ( P < .001). Among patients with LS with MSI-H/I tumors, 50% (33 of 66) had tumors other than CRC/EC, including urothelial, prostate, pancreas, adrenocortical, small bowel, sarcoma, mesothelioma, melanoma, gastric, and germ cell tumors. In these patients with non-CRC/EC tumors, 45% (15 of 33) did not meet LS genetic testing criteria on the basis of personal/family history. Immunohistochemical staining of LS-positive MSI-H/I tumors demonstrated MMR-D in 98.2% (56 of 57) of available cases. CONCLUSION MSI-H/MMR-D is predictive of LS across a much broader tumor spectrum than currently appreciated. Given implications for cancer surveillance and prevention measures in affected families, these data support germline genetic assessment for LS for patients with an MSI-H/MMR-D tumor, regardless of cancer type or family cancer history.
Molecular bases for the constitutive photomorphogenic phenotypes in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pham Vinh Ngoc , Xu Xiaosa , Huq Enamul 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis is regulated in part by the COP1/SPA complex and phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) in Arabidopsis. The constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotypes of cop1 and spaQ mutants have been shown to result from a high abundance of positively acting transcription factors. Here, we show that the four major PIF proteins are unstable in cop1 mutants and that overexpression of PIF1, PIF3, PIF4 and PIF5 suppresses cop1 phenotypes in the dark. A comparison of the transcriptome data among cop1, spaQ and pifQ reveals remarkably overlapping gene expression profiles with preferential regulation of PIF direct target genes. Additionally, HFR1 strongly inhibits the in vivo binding and transcriptional activation activity of PIF1 in the dark. Taken together, these data suggest that the cop phenotypes of the cop1 and spaQ mutants are due to a combination of the reduced level of PIFs, increased levels of positively acting transcription factors (e.g. HY5/HFR1) and the HFR1-mediated inhibition of PIF-targeted gene expression in the dark.
This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood
Authors: VAN ROEKEL ELINE H. , DUGUÉ PIERRE-ANTOINE , JUNG CHOL-HEE , JOO JIHOON E. , MAKALIC ENES , WONG EE MING , ENGLISH DALLAS R. , SOUTHEY MELISSA C. , GILES GRAHAM G. , LYNCH BRIGID M. , MILNE ROGER L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical activity may affect health via DNA methylation. The epigenetic influences of sedentary behaviors such as television viewing are unknown. We performed a genomewide study of DNA methylation in peripheral blood in relation to physical activity and television viewing time.

Methods
DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip array in blood samples collected at baseline (N = 5513) and follow-up (N = 1249) from participants in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. At baseline, times per week of leisure-time physical activity were self-reported. At follow-up, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess MET-hours per week of total and leisure-time physical activity and hours per day of television viewing time. Linear mixed models were used to assess associations between physical activity and television viewing measures and DNA methylation at individual CpG sites, adjusted for potential confounders and batch effects.

Results
At follow-up, total physical activity was associated with DNA methylation at cg10266336 (P = 6.0 × 10−9), annotated to the SAA2 gene. Weaker evidence of associations (P < 1.0 × 10−5) were observed for an additional 14 CpG sites with total physical activity, for 7 CpG sites with leisure-time physical activity, and for 9 CpG sites with television viewing time. Changes in leisure-time physical activity between baseline and follow-up were associated with methylation changes (P < 0.05) at four of the seven CpG sites with weaker evidence of cross-sectional associations with leisure-time physical activity.

Conclusion
Physical activity and television viewing may be associated with blood DNA methylation, a potential pathway to chronic disease development. Further research using accelerometer data and larger sample sizes is warranted.
When does evidence from clinical trials influence health policy? A qualitative study of officials in nine African countries of the factors behind the HIV policy decision to adopt Option B+
Authors: DuVal Gordon , Shah Seema 
Published: October 2018

Introduction
The appropriate role of evidence in health policy decision making is controversial and requires more data on how decisions are actually made. Option B+ is a strategy to prevent mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV that involves starting pregnant, HIV-positive women on triple drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) and continuing for life. It was rapidly adopted by sub-Saharan African countries with limited scientific evidence for its efficacy and safety, without waiting for the results from an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing PMTCT strategies.
Methods
We interviewed 14 senior HIV policymakers in nine sub-Saharan African countries about factors influencing their adoption of Option B+.
ResultsWhile scientific evidence was important to the decision to adopt Option B+, policymakers were persuaded by data that did not come from RCTs. Other factors also played an important role including: evidence for ancillary benefits, simplicity, alignment with other values and priorities, and ease of integration with existing programmes.
ConclusionsIn adopting Option B+, gold-standard scientific evidence played a relatively minor role; other considerations were more important. Future research could help researchers determine whether these factors are influential in other contexts and to develop evidence that is more responsive to the needs of policymakers.
Improving the enabling environment for evidence-informed policymaking: an example from Indonesia
Authors: Jackson Elisabeth , Pellini Arnaldo , Prasetiamartati Budiati 
Published: October 2018

Background:Indonesia’s growth and prosperity as a lower-middle-income country hinges on the ability of policymakers to develop effective public policies based on evidence. Yet Indonesia’s policy and regulatory environment does not support the production of high-quality evidence and its use in policymaking.
Key points for discussion:This article examines an international donor programme which aims to build sustainable capacity for evidence-informed policymaking by improving this enabling environment. The article reflects on the programme’s experience in working with local stakeholders to reform public procurement regulations to make commissioning of research easier. This experience suggests that facilitating stakeholders to work together to define a problem and break it down into its component parts helps generate realistic entry points and feasible solutions. It also suggests that a focus on purposively expanding the space for reform is necessary throughout the reform process. Leadership by individuals with decision-making authority is critical, as is building consensus around problems and maintaining momentum for solving them. Most importantly, to work effectively, programme staff and facilitators need to engage with the political economy of the policy problem.
Conclusion and implications:This experience provides lessons for those seeking to support the systems that underpin evidence-informed policymaking in other middle-income country contexts.
Sustainable clothing from the older female user’s perspective
Authors: DeLong Marilyn , Min Seoha , Casto Mary Alice , Lee Yoon Kyung 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This research explores clothing sustainability from the perspective of female users over age 50 and their report of their experiences with long-used clothing. Participants included 50 US and 50 South Korean consumers who were asked to respond to a survey of eight open-ended questions concerning sustainable clothing in their wardrobes and probing for attributes and sustainable strategies related to selected clothing they still wore. Interviews with selected survey participants were conducted to probe further for attributes of the long-used and favoured garments. Data were analysed and summarized. Participant’s relationship to clothing and cultural background was considered by comparing responses of participants originating from the two cultures. The research provides insightful perspectives for the apparel industry, specifically for designers and users seeking to achieve sustainability by encouraging selection of clothing for potential extended use and hence implications for sustainable design of the future.
Emotional Fit: Developing a new fashion methodology with older women
Authors: Townsend Katherine , Sissons Juliana , Sadkowska Ania 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article reports on a user-centred methodological approach towards fashion design for older women (55+). Referred to as the ‘baby boomers’, the women in this study are the product of the cultural revolution of the 1960s, who consequently have a strong sense of their own agency, as conveyed through their clothing and style, but now find themselves stepping into the unknown territory of a limited clothing market. The majority of fashion brands and stores aim at younger consumers, and with some notable exceptions, it is mainly high and niche designer labels who are offering stylish garments that complement the changing bodies of an older generation women with strong aesthetic values. In response to this negative scenario, three researchers have developed an original practice-based research methodology that synthesizes fashion and textile design practices with interpretative phenomenological analysis. The emerging holistic, co-design and user-centred approach uniquely responds to both the physical and emotional needs of an ageing female demographic highlighting the need for more holistic clothing design models.
My little princess: Exploring mothers’ experiences of their daughter’s parasocial relationships with Disney princesses
Authors: Newman Melissa J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The proliferation of the Disney Princess line of media and products has been a pervasive part of American culture for several decades. In this study, mothers of young girls were interviewed to better understand how they restrict their children’s parasocial relationships (PSR) with Disney princesses as a result of their peer reference group influence. Results suggest that mothers were cautious of too much Disney Princess media consumption by their young girls but they did not go to extreme measures to prevent them from having a PSR with a Disney Princess character. Although some mothers felt the pressure of social comparison most were primarily concerned with their daughter’s healthy social development and representation of good role models in the princess-related movies and products.
Tourists’ Motivations to Choose Indonesia as a Vacation Destination
Authors: HENDIJANI Roozbeh BABOLIAN 
Published: October 2018

Purpose - It is pertinent for the government and tourism marketers of particular destinations to have a better understanding of tourists’ motivations to choose a destination. Since there is little academic knowledge in the tourism industry in Indonesia, this study explores the factors which motivate international tourists to select Indonesia as a vacation destination.
Design – Besides the theoretical implication of this research regarding tourism industry in Indonesia, this study also gives practical application into the matter of tourism industry in Indonesia.
Methodology - Self-administrated questionnaires consisting of three sections were distributed randomly to 400 international tourists at the Jakarta International Airport (Soekarno-Hatta) and some popular tourist areas around Jakarta. Data collection was conducted from June to September 2016. Related analyses such as a multivariate analysis and a descriptive analysis were used to answer the objectives of this research. Findings - The findings show the motivations underlying choosing Indonesia for a vacation spot and why these factors should be considered by the Indonesian government and tourism marketers in developing marketing strategies.
Originality - This article is one of the limited researches regarding tourism industry in Indonesia and definitely one of the few which discussing about the motivations of international tourists to that destination.
A generalization of Shannon function
Authors: Redkin Nikolay P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
When investigating the complexity of implementing Boolean functions, it is usually assumed that the basis inwhich the schemes are constructed and the measure of the complexity of the schemes are known. For them, the Shannon function is introduced, which associates with each Boolean function the least complexity of implementing this function in the considered basis. In this paper we propose a generalization of such a Shannon function in the form of an upper bound that is taken over all functionally complete bases. This generalization gives an idea of the complexity of implementing Boolean functions in the “worst” bases for them. The conceptual content of the proposed generalization is demonstrated by the example of a conjunction.
Effect of thermo-mechanical parameters on the mechanical properties of Eurofer97 steel for nuclear applications
Authors: Schino Andrea Di , Testani Claudio , Pilloni Luciano 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEurofer97 steel has been recognised in Europe as the reference steel for nuclear application under high radiation density. Following to this a detailed knowledge of microstructure evolution is required for such steel after thermo-mechanical processing. In this paper the effect of thermo-mechanical parameters on the mechanical behavior of Eurofer97 was investigated by hot rolling and heat treatment on pilot scale. Results show a strong effect was found of reheating temperature before rolling on the material hardness, due to an increase of hardenability following the austenite grain growth. A minor effect was found of the hot reduction and the tempering temperature in the total investigated deformation range. A loss of impact energy was found coupled with the hardness increase.
Die langsame Entstehung eines ökonomischen Systems. Konkurrenz und freier Markt im Werk von Adam Smith
Authors: Isenmann Moritz 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Bis in die 1970er Jahre wurde Adam Smith auf der Grundlage seiner 1776 erschienenen Abhandlung über den „Wealth of Nations“ vor allem als geistiger Vater der Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Befürworter eines freien, deregulierten Markts angesehen. Sein moralphilosophisches Werk, die „Theorie der ethischen Gefühle“ von 1759, fand hingegen kaum Beachtung. Zudem wurde ein Bruch zwischen Smiths beiden Hauptwerken ausgemacht: Während in der „Theory“ das Wohlwollen gegenüber den Mitmenschen im Zentrum der Überlegungen gestanden habe, sei Smith in seinem ökonomischen Werk nunmehr vom individuellen Eigennutz als positiv gewerteter Triebfeder menschlichen Handelns ausgegangen. In scharfer Abgrenzung zu dieser Interpretation hat sich in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten ein neuer Mainstream herausgebildet. Dieser rückt nun den Moralphilosophen Smith in den Vordergrund und fasst seine verschiedenen Schriften zudem als kohärente Einheit auf. Dabei wird Smiths ökonomische Theorie von seinen moralphilosophischen Betrachtungen abhängig gemacht und seine Befürwortung des freien Markts stark relativiert. Die Interpretation von Smith als Befürworter einer durch den individuellen Eigennutz angetriebenen, von staatlichen Eingriffen unbehelligten Marktwirtschaft gilt den Vertretern dieser neuen Sichtweise als ideologisches Konstrukt, mit dem liberale und neoliberale Ökonomen den Moralphilosophen missbräuchlich für ihre eigenen Ansichten vereinnahmt hätten. In diesem Aufsatz wird dargelegt, dass der „neue“ Adam Smith jedoch selbst ein ideologisches und zutiefst ahistorisches Konstrukt ist. Dazu wird Smiths Behandlung ökonomischer Phänomene in seinen verschiedenen Werken dargestellt: der „Theorie der ethischen Gefühle“, seinen Vorlesungen an der Universität Glasgow aus den Jahren 1762–1764 und dem „Wohlstand der Nationen“. Ein solcher Vergleich zeigt, dass Smiths Werk keine statische Einheit ist. Es weist vielmehr eine Entwicklung auf, in welcher der selbstregulative Konkurrenzmechanismus eine wachsende Bedeutung einnahm und eine moralphilosophische Überprüfung wirtschaftlichen Handelns in Smiths Denken letztlich überflüssig machte. Das Werk des schottischen Philosophen bleibt somit widersprüchlich und Smiths Bedeutung für die Entwicklung des wirtschaftlichen Liberalismus seit dem 19. Jahrhundert grundlegend.
„Die Niederlande haben kein Interesse an einem von Armut geplagten, ausgehungerten Deutschland“ Deutsch-niederländische Finanzbeziehungen 1945–1957
Authors: Lak Martijn 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Niederlande, die zwischen 1940 und 1945 von Deutschland besetzt gewesen waren, machten nach dem Ende des Krieges gegenüber Deutschland schwerwiegende finanzielle Forderungen geltend: die Rückzahlung der teilweise illegalen Besatzungskosten, welche die Deutschen erhoben hatten, sowie den Zugriff auf die erheblichen niederländischen Vorkriegsinvestitionen in Deutschland. Vor allem die Investitionen der vier großen multinationalen Unternehmen – Unilever, Royal Dutch Shell, Philips und AKU (Algemene Kunstzijde Unie) – wurden von den verschiedenen Nachkriegsregierungen der Niederlande erbittert verteidigt, was teilweise durch deren starke politische Lobby erklärt werden kann. Für die Niederlande war die Wiedererlangung der Kontrolle über ihre Investitionen in Deutschland von größter Bedeutung, da die niederländisch-deutschen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen für das Land essentiell waren: Ohne eine wirtschaftliche Erholung Deutschlands war auch die wirtschaftliche Erholung der Niederlande unmöglich. Den Haag ging es vor allem darum, dass niederländische Unternehmen vom Lastenausgleich und damit von Sondersteuern ausgenommen blieben. Schließlich legte der Generalvertrag vom Mai 1952 fest, dass Unternehmen, bei denen sich mindestens 85 Prozent der Aktien in alliierten Händen befanden, für sechs Jahre von solchen Steuern ausgenommen bleiben sollten. Obgleich somit der Erfolg begrenzt war, waren die Niederlande damit vor dem Hintergrund der begrenzten Kooperation ihrer Verbündeten zufrieden.
Adaptive SRF-PLL Based Voltage and Frequency Control of Hybrid Standalone WECS with PMSG-BESS
Authors: Jain Anjana , Saravanakumar R. , Shankar S. , Vanitha V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The variable-speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) attracts the maximum power from wind, but voltage-regulation and frequency-control of the system in standalone operation is a challenging task A modern-control-based-tracking of power from wind for its best utilization is proposed in this paper for standalone PMSG based hybrid-WECS comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). An Adaptive Synchronous Reference Frame Phase-Locked-Loop (SRF-PLL) based control scheme for load side bi-directional voltage source converter (VSC) is presented for the system. MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for simulation study for the proposed system and the effectiveness of the controller for bi-directional-converter is discussed under different operating conditions: like variable wind-velocity, sudden load variation, and load unbalancing. Converter control scheme enhances the power smoothening, supply-load power-matching. Also it is able to regulate the active & reactive power from PMSG-BESS hybrid system with control of fluctuations in voltage & frequency with respect to varying operating conditions. Proposed controller successfully offers reactive-power-compensation, harmonics-reduction, and power-balancing. The proposed scheme is based on proportional & integral (PI) controller. Also system is experimentally validated in the laboratory-environment and results are presented here.