bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Emergency Visits and Hospital Admissions During Radiation and Chemoradiation: An Internally Validated Pretreatment Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Hong Julian C. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Palta Manisha , Tenenbaum Jessica D. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose Patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) may require emergency department evaluation or hospitalization. Early identification may direct preventative supportive care, improving outcomes and reducing health care costs. We developed and evaluated a machine learning (ML) approach to predict these events. Methods A total of 8,134 outpatient courses of RT and CRT from a single institution from 2013 to 2016 were identified. Extensive pretreatment data were programmatically extracted and processed from the electronic health record (EHR). Training and internal validation cohorts were randomly generated (3:1 ratio). Gradient tree boosting (GTB), random forest, support vector machine, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression approaches were trained and internally validated based on area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. The most predictive ML approach was also evaluated using only disease- and treatment-related factors to assess predictive gain of extensive EHR data. Results All methods had high predictive accuracy, particularly GTB (validation AUROC, 0.798). Extensive EHR data beyond disease and treatment information improved accuracy (delta AUROC, 0.056). A Youden-based cutoff corresponded to validation sensitivity of 81.0% (175 of 216 courses with events) and specificity of 67.3% (1,218 of 1811 courses without events). Interpretability is an important advantage of GTB. Variable importance identified top predictive factors, including treatment (planned RT and systemic therapy), pretreatment encounters (emergency department visits and admissions in the year before treatment), vital signs (weight loss and pain score in the year before treatment), and laboratory values (albumin level at weeks before treatment). Conclusion ML predicts emergency visits and hospitalization during cancer therapy. Incorporating predictions into clinical care algorithms may help direct personalized supportive care, improve quality of care, and reduce costs. A prospective trial investigating ML-assisted direction of increased clinical assessments during RT is planned.
Properties of temporary adhesion systems of marine and freshwater organisms
Authors: Lengerer Birgit , Ladurner Peter 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Underwater adhesive secretions are a promising source of inspiration for biomedical and industrial applications. Although marine permanent adhesives have been extensively investigated, reversible adhesion, e.g. as used for locomotion and feeding, is still poorly understood. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on secretion-based, temporary adhesive systems in aquatic environments, with a special emphasis on the morphology and structure of adhesive organs and adhesive material. Many animals employing temporary adhesion to the substratum rely on so-called duo-gland adhesive organs, consisting of two secretory gland cells and one supportive cell. We give a detailed depiction of a basic duo-gland adhesive organ and variations thereof. Additionally, we discuss temporary adhesive systems with an alternative building plan. Next, the topography of secreted adhesive footprints is described based on examples. The limited data on the composition of temporary adhesives are summarised, separating known protein components and carbohydrate residues. There are still large gaps in our understanding of temporary adhesion. We discuss three proposed models for detachment, although the actual mechanism of voluntary detachment is still a matter for debate.
Untangling the generic boundaries in tribe Marrubieae (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) using nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
Authors: Siadati Soudeh , Salmaki Yasaman , Saeidi Mehrvarz Shahryar , Heubl Günther , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTribe Marrubieae (Lamiaceae: Lamioideae) comprises about 91 species classified in four genera distributed from Europe to West and Central Asia and North Africa. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of cpDNA (rpl32–trnL, rps16, trnL intron, trnL–trnF spacer) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS) sequence data of 68 accessions representing all genera and most sections of Marrubieae. Our taxon sampling covers is dense for the genera Ballota and Marrubium, including a total of 60 of 85 currently recognized taxa (species and subspecies). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of individual nrITS and cpDNA markers, as well as the combined plastid dataset, produced largely congruent trees. Our results confirm the monophyly of tribe Marrubieae. All analyses retrieved four well supported clades in the tribe. The phylogenetic position of the genera Acanthoprasium and Moluccella is consistent with previous studies and both are recovered as monophyletic. The most important result of the present study is the splitting of the genus Ballota, in its traditional concept, into two well–supported clades matching well with the genera Ballota and Pseudodictamnus. Moreover, Marrubium, in its current circumscription, is paraphyletic, but will become monophyletic by transferring Ballota deserti to this genus. In conclusion, we propose the recognition of five genera in tribe Marrubieae: Acanthoprasium, Ballota, Moluccella, Marrubium and the resurrected segregate Pseudodictamnus. The required new combinations are proposed.
The Local Time Method for Targeting and Selection
Authors: Ryzhov Ilya O. 
Published: August 2018

We propose a framework for targeting and selection (T&S), a new problem class in simulation optimization where the objective is to select a simulation alternative whose mean performance matches a prespecified target as closely as possible. T&S resembles the more well-known problem of ranking and selection but presents unexpected challenges: for example, a one-step look-ahead method may produce statistically inconsistent estimates of the values, even under very standard normality assumptions. We create a new and fundamentally different approach, based on a Brownian local time model, that exhibits characteristics of two widely studied methodologies, namely expected value of information and optimal computing budget allocation. We characterize the asymptotic sampling rates of this method and relate them to the convergence rates of metrics of interest. The local time method outperforms benchmarks in experiments, including problems where the modeling assumptions of T&S are violated.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2018.1731 .
Study on Carbothermal Reduction of Titania in Molten Iron
Authors: Deng Yong , Zhang Jianliang , Jiao Kexin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In order to improve the reduction rate of titania in molten iron, various iron powders containing C, Si, Mn and S were melted. The experiments were carried out on the reduction of titania through a high-temperature tube furnace at 1,723–1,823 K. The quantitative effects of C, Si, Mn, S and temperature on the reduction of titania were investigated in the current study. The results demonstrated that when the carbon content, the manganese content and the temperature increased by 1 %, 0.1 % and 100 K, the reduction rate increased by 0.008 %/h, 0.001125 %/h and 0.0235 %/h, respectively; when the sulfur content increased by 0.01 %, the reduction rate decreased by 0.004875 %/h; the reduction rate was irregular with the change of silicon content in molten iron. The phase at the reaction interface after the experiment was confirmed to be the Fe2Ti3O9 which was considered to be the combination product between iron oxide and titania; the lower titanium oxides were unstable and hard to be observed. The reduction was affected by the concentration of various elements in molten iron and the activity interaction coefficients between various elements. The rate constants for reduction were calculated at 1,723 K, 1,773 K and 1,823 K; the apparent activation energy was calculated as 209 kJ/mol through the rate constants and temperatures according to the Arrhenius equation.
The Sequence of the Phase Growth during Diffusion in Ti-Based Systems
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Nowak Wojciech J. , Serafin Daria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The interdiffusion in Ti-based alloys was studied. It was shown that during diffusion at 1,123 K formation of four intermetallic phases occurs. The diffusion paths for six different diffusion couples were determined. Moreover, the entropy production was calculated – the approximation used for determination of the sequence of intermetallic phase formation. In theoretical analysis, the intrinsic diffusion coefficients were determined from the modified Wagner method.
Tyto furcata(Tytonidae: Strigiformes) pellets: tools to access the richness of small mammals of a poorly known Caatinga area in northeast Brazil
Authors: Mancini Matheus C.S. , Roth Paulo Ricardo O. , Brennand Pamela G.G. , Ruiz-Esparza Aguilar Juan M. , Rocha Patrício A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOwls are efficient predators and are widely distributed around the globe. Remains of undigested prey is regurgitated by these birds in the form of pellets, and these are a valuable source of information about prey communities and the diet of owls. In this study, the composition of mammals present in the diet of owls that inhabit different caves was evaluated through the analysis of their pellets. We found 373 pellets from seven caves, and small mammals composed at least 80% of the diet of these birds in all caves. The mammal composition found in the pellets showed a richness of 26 distinct taxa including 12 rodents, three marsupials and 11 bats. In this work, we highlight the richness of small mammals in a poorly known Caatinga area. We also highlight the importance of morphology and taxonomy in supporting this kind of research, which relies upon vertebrate parts as its source of information for identification. Finally, we reiterate the efficiency of the study of owl pellets as a rapid approach for assessing local mammal richness and as a complementary method in studies of diversity and conservation.
Beneficios tributarios por inversión en proyectos de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (I+D+I): un análisis de la normatividad vigente para el caso colombiano
Authors: Bustos Osorio Adriana Rocío 
Published: August 2018

El contexto cultural regional y el vertiginoso cambio en políticas públicas, generan cambios importantes en el ámbito tributario, que contribuye a su vez al desarrollo de la ciencia. En nuestro país, la apuesta de inversión a la investigación tiene inicio con Colciencias como encargado de temas de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (en adelante CTeI). La creación de centros de educación superior con programas de ingeniería junto con las políticas industriales en Colombia, introducen un nuevo ciclo en la formación de capital humano para las actividades de ciencia y tecnología, las cuales buscan incentivar una modernización social a gran escala. Los incentivos tributarios por inversión en investigación que se establecen en la normativa tributaria colombiana, son indispensables para la rentabilidad de muchas compañías del país que no logran dimensionar lo que una inversión de este tipo puede representar en una relación costo-beneficio positiva.El presente documento hace un análisis del conjunto de incentivos tributarios diseñados en la legislación nacional para el desarrollo de labores de CTeI y algunos de los impactos que pueden tener para las empresas que se desarrollen en el sector.
Evaluación de la resistencia al impacto y a la tracción de un material compuesto de polietileno de alta densidad y guadua usando un diseño factorial
Authors: Polanía Diego Fernando Lemus , Niño Jimmy A. , Rojas Alberto 
Published: August 2018

Este artículo presenta la evaluación de las fibras de guadua como material de refuerzo en la matriz termoplástica de polietileno de alta densidad que contiene un agente de acople comercial (polybond 1009). Por medio de un diseño factorial 23 se evaluaron las diferencias entre el material compuesto (polietileno y guadua) y el material base (polietileno de alta densidad) para diferentes propiedades mecánicas.Como resultado se obtiene una disminución del 45% en la resistencia al impacto y un aumento del 49% en la resistencia a la tensión al comparar el material compuesto con el base. Resulta importante señalar que, a pesar de tener una menor resistencia al impacto, el módulo de elasticidad del material compuesto aumenta en un 234% evidenciando el papel que desempeñan las fibras de guaduacomo material de refuerzo.
Pliometría y velocidad en jóvenes tenistas
Authors: Celis Moreno Jorge Mauricio , Sabogal Alarcón Esteban 
Published: August 2018

Este estudio investigó los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento pliométrico y de velocidad de ocho semanas en jóvenes tenistas (n=12): seis hombres (edad: 13.87±0.94 años, altura: 161.17±6.5 cm, peso: 45.82±5.57 kg) y seis mujeres (edad: 14.83±1.38 años, altura: 154.22±7.06 cm, peso: 49.45±9.15 kg). Los protocolos de salto horizontal, velocidad en 20 m y agilidad 10 x 5 m fueron evaluados antes, durante y al finalizar el programa. Se determinó el estado de maduración y se elaboró el perfil antropométrico. Los resultados muestran que después del programa de entrenamiento todas las pruebas mejoraron, principalmente el salto horizontal en las mujeres (p≤0.05), velocidad en 20 m y agilidad 10 x 5 m en hombres (p≤0.05). Enconclusión, los tenistas mejoraron en los protocolos después de participar en el programa de entrenamiento, siendo un hallazgo importante para el desempeño en campo.
Moterų benamystė: priežastys, įtaka sveikatai, išgyvenimo strategijos ir benamėms teikiamos socialinės pagalbos formos
Authors: Mikėnė Svajonė 
Published: August 2018

only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]
This article presents a scientific literature review of foreign and Lithuanian publications revealing the specifics of women’s homelessness. The concept of homelessness, types of homelessness, general homelessness and the causes why women are becoming homeless are discussed. The peculiarities of women’s homelessness are analyzed, revealing the vulnerability of homeless women and the victimization they experience, and describes the various consequences that homelessness has for physical and mental health. The article also presents a summary of strategies applied by homeless women that help them survive on the street: they involve having an intimate partner as a protector, changing their image according to particular circumstances, strategies of invisibility and breaking the rules of public space as well as using alcohol as a means of reconciliation with homelessness. We discuss the services provided by the Special Help Centers in Lithuania, which are provided for victims of domestic violence, other specialized forms of assistance for women and social assistance measures provided by the Vilnius and Kaunas municipalities to homeless people and social risk persons. Finally, we suggest directions for future empirical research. The analysis shows that homeless women are more stigmatized and more socially excluded, and that they are more vulnerable to the effects that homelessness has on health. Violence is both a common cause of women becoming homelessness and a “companion” in during periods of homelessness. Studies conducted in foreign countries show that homeless women apply various survival strategies and tactics that increase the physical safety of women, reduce the opportunities for violence and abuse, and allow them not to feel as if they are excluded from society. The use of alcohol as a measure of reconciliation with a given situation (and often the cause of homelessness) is very widespread among homeless men and women, which, on the one hand, helps to keep in touch with other homeless people but otherwise hinders reintegration into the society. The state and its municipalities are increasingly focusing on improving social assistance and services for homeless people and social risk groups. Municipalities should carry out regular assessments of how much social assistance is focused on the individual needs of homeless women, what part of this social group it has managed to reach out to and how to measure the effectiveness/adequacy of the assistance provided.
Prekių ženklų krizės ir jų komunikacijos strategijos
Authors: Černikovaitė Miglė Eleonora Eleonora 
Published: August 2018

[only abstract and keywords in English; full article, abstract and keywords in Lithuanian]
This article analyzes the problem of the brand crisis in contemporary business. The brand crisis is said to be a public and press-related event that is most commonly caused by consumers voicing their experiences regarding unsafe, poor-quality or even harmful products. It is noted that the crisis can affect the entire product category of the company or only a certain group of goods and damage the everyday business, thus endangering future activities, leading to material losses and damaging other property – the company’s image and reputation. The aim of this article is to analyze the causes of Lithuanian brand crises and to identify the strategies of brand communication crises that would allow the companies to manage their images in crisis situations. Based on a quantitative analysis of the content analysis, separate examples of Lithuanian brand crises, their social responsibility issues and risk management, as well as the brand management issues, were analyzed. It discusses how to prepare a communication strategy for managing a brand crisis that would reduce reputational risk and anticipate an action plan to “exit” from the crisis with the smallest business losses.The results of the survey showed that the reputation of the crisis does not differ between the less or more commonly chosen brands, the awareness of the crisis did not differ between the most commonly chosen Lithuanian brands and those that are more likely to pick up their competitors’ goods. This shows that manufacturers and/or vendors must take care to communicate not only with their loyal customers and provide and explanation of how to deal with a crisis in order to minimize damages, but that manufacturers and/or vendors must also ensure that this message reaches all potential users of the product category.Often, the authors point out two more components of the impact of the crisis, namely the perception of reliability and the perceived risk and the importance of brand loyalty. Crisis communication strategies suggest that these variables should be included, as this can help in identifying what exactly affects the perceptions and behavioral changes of consumers after a brand crisis.
Knowledge on Use and Effects of Drug and Substance Abuse among Youth Aged 13 To 24 Years in Raila Village, Kibera Slum, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Wawira Njiru Zipporah , Nduta Dr. Margaret , A.H Zipporrah , M. Gideon 
Published: August 2018

Drug and substance abuse is a global problem and is one of the major problems affecting the youth both in school and out of school as a result of drug and substance abuse. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge on use and effects of drugs and substance abuse among the youth aged 13-24 years in Raila village, Kibera slum, Nairobi. The study hoped to provide additional information to the already existing records about drug and substance abuse which can be of much importance to future scholars and those interested in researching on the same issue and the relevant authorities like the Ministry of Health to find out the effective measures to put in place in order to solve this issue. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional study design, involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample size used was 87 respondents. Random Sampling method was used to select the 87 subjects. Data was collected through interviewer administered questionnaires containing both open-ended and closed ended questions and data was analyzed through the statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel was used for graphical presentation. The study established that majority of the youth (77) out of the 87 respondents aged 13 to 24 years had adequate knowledge on use and effects of drugs and substances abuse although despite the knowledge, some of them were abusing drugs and substances. The study also found out that majority (50%) of the youth who were abusing drugs and substances were the ones who had completed secondary school education but had not gone to tertiary level and those who did not complete secondary school education. The study recommends continuous awareness programs, creation of opportunities and direct intervention measures in order to address the challenge of drugs and substances abuse.
In-vitro compositional investigations of antioxidants, phytochemicals, nutritional and minerals in the fruit of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth
Authors: Abass Oseni, Olatunde 
Published: August 2018

The health problems in the third world and the attendant complications resulting into death of many people mostly caused by cancer, hypertension and other heart disorders primarily because of the inability to afford adequate health conditions and maintain balanced nutrition status has called for alternative means of attaining the required global Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs) status on health and also to prevent mortality among all ages. This study therefore aimed at investigating the natural antioxidants, phytochemicals, proximate and mineral elements composition in fruit of Kigelia africana popularly known as the sausage tree as an indication for utilization in pharmaceutical for human and animals’ feed benefits. The results obtained for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content, total flavonoid, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phytochemical constituents, proximate and mineral elements compositions of the fruits revealed high percentage of antioxidant potentials, presence of medicinal important phytochemicals, good quantity of nutritional and medicinally important mineral elements. However, from the results of the study, the fruit of Kigelia africana can be exploited for medicine to heal many diseases and food additives in animals’ feed.
Etika Lingkungan Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pemeliharaan Lingkungan Alam Pada Masyarakat Kampung Naga
Authors: Nurkamilah Citra 
Published: August 2018

The environmental damage is the reflection of the disruption of the lungs of the earth (forest) result of the attitude of the human antroposentrik the exploit is excessive. To balance the natural environment so it will not be damaged is the regained human behavior or ethics that will save the environment. This ethic has been long applied in Kampung Naga which they have the alternative view of life regarding the human relation with the environment that considered sacred. The purpose of this research is to know about the environmental ethics in Kampung Naga in protecting their environment. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with anthropological and phenomenological approaches. The result of this research is every people in Kampung Naga has the environmental ethic that is quite intent by referring to values which formulated systematically based on inheritance ancestors, tangible inheritance and intangible inheritance. This has an impact of disaster mitigation (the efforts to reduce the risk) in Kampung Naga such as preventing landslides and floods, the maintenance of the integrity of the environment, the maintenance of the forest as the lungs of life, and every ecological creatures in that region also obeyed the ethic which presented by ekosentrisme and deep ecology. So, the environmental ethic in Kampung Naga shows about the balance of the ecological relation