bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting innovation and imitation of ICT in the agrifood sector
Authors: Petridis Nikolaos E. , Digkas Georgios , Anastasakis Leonidas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiffusion of innovations has gained a lot of attention and concerns different scientific fields. Many studies, which examine the determining factors of technological innovations in the agricultural and agrifood sector, have been conducted using the widely used Technology Accepted Model, for a random sample of farmers or firms engaged in agricultural sector. In the present study, a holistic examination of the determining factors that affect the propensity of firms to innovate or imitate, is conducted. The diffusion of ICT tools of firms which are engaged in the NACE 02/03 as well as in the NACE 10/11 classifications for 49 heterogeneous national markets is examined, using the Bass model. The innovation parameter is positively associated with rural income, female employment, export activity and education of farmers, while the imitation parameter is increased in countries whose societies are characterized by uncertainty avoidance.
How to solve the knowability paradox with transcendental epistemology
Authors: Stephenson Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel solution to the knowability paradox is proposed based on Kant’s transcendental epistemology. The ‘paradox’ refers to a simple argument from the moderate claim that all truths are knowable to the extreme claim that all truths are known. It is significant because anti-realists have wanted to maintain knowability but reject omniscience. The core of the proposed solution is to concede realism about epistemic statements while maintaining anti-realism about non-epistemic statements. Transcendental epistemology supports such a view by providing for a sharp distinction between how we come to understand and apply epistemic versus non-epistemic concepts, the former through our capacity for a special kind of reflective self-knowledge Kant calls ‘transcendental apperception’. The proposal is a version of restriction strategy: it solves the paradox by restricting the anti-realist’s knowability principle. Restriction strategies have been a common response to the paradox but previous versions face serious difficulties: either they result in a knowability principle too weak to do the work anti-realists want it to, or they succumb to modified forms of the paradox, or they are ad hoc. It is argued that restricting knowability to non-epistemic statements by conceding realism about epistemic statements avoids all versions of the paradox, leaves enough for the anti-realist attack on classical logic, and, with the help of transcendental epistemology, is principled in a way that remains compatible with a thoroughly anti-realist outlook.
Threats and Coercive Diplomacy: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Reichberg Gregory M. , Syse Henrik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThreats of armed force are frequently employed in international affairs, yet they have received little ethical scrutiny in their own right. This article addresses that deficit by examining how threats, taken as a speech act, require a moral assessment that is distinctive vis-à-vis the actual use of armed force. This is done first by classifying threats within the framework of speech act theory. Then, applying standard just war criteria, we analyze conditional threats of harm under Thomas Schelling's twofold distinction of compellence and deterrence. We aim to show how threats of armed attack, while subject to many of the same evaluative principles as the corresponding use of force, nevertheless have distinctive characteristics of their own. These are outlined under the headings of just cause, ad bellum proportionality, legitimate authority, and right intention. The overall aim is to explain how threats in the international sphere represent a special category that warrants a just war analysis.
THRIFTY SWIMMING WITH SHEAR-THINNING: A NOTE ON OUT-OF-PLANE EFFECTS FOR UNDULATORY LOCOMOTION THROUGH SHEAR-THINNING FLUIDS
Authors: GAGNON D. A. , MONTENEGRO-JOHNSON T. D. 
Published: June 2018

Microscale propulsion is integral to numerous biomedical systems, including biofilm formation and human reproduction, where the surrounding fluids comprise suspensions of polymers. These polymers endow the fluid with non-Newtonian rheological properties, such as shear-thinning and viscoelasticity. Thus, the complex dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids present numerous modelling challenges. Here, we demonstrate that neglecting ‘out-of-plane’ effects during swimming through a shear-thinning fluid results in a significant overestimate of fluid viscosity around the undulatory swimmer Caenorhabditis elegans. This miscalculation of viscosity corresponds with an overestimate of the power the swimmer expends, a key biophysical quantity important for understanding the internal mechanics of the swimmer. As experimental flow-tracking techniques improve, accurate experimental estimates of power consumption in similar undulatory systems, such as the planar beating of human sperm through cervical mucus, will be required to probe the interaction between internal power generation, fluid rheology, and the resulting waveform.
Levels of emotional awareness during psychotherapy among gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Virtue Shannon Myers , Manne Sharon L. , Criswell Kevin , Kissane David , Heckman Carolyn J. , Rotter David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveEmotional awareness is the ability to recognize, describe, and attend to emotions. A known correlate is emotional processing, the ability to orient to and use inner experiences for information. The goal was to examine emotional awareness during therapy among gynecologic cancer patients, identify baseline predictors, and explore the relationship between in-session emotional awareness and processing.MethodPsychotherapy and baseline data from a randomized controlled trial comparing a supportive counseling (SC) intervention and a cognitive-behavioral coping and communication (CCI) intervention were used. The sample was patients with gynecologic cancers randomized to either therapy (N = 246). Emotion episode transcripts from the first, middle, and sixth of seven in-person sessions were coded for emotional awareness using the Program for Open-Ended Scoring and emotional processing using the Experiencing Scale. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.ResultParticipants had moderate in-session emotional awareness. SC participants exhibited higher levels of awareness in the first (p < 0.001) and sixth (p = 0.002) sessions than CCI participants. Awareness was positively correlated with emotional processing in the first and sixth SC sessions (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) and all CCI sessions (r = 0.29–0.31). Baseline negative emotion expression was associated with awareness during the sixth SC session. Baseline cancer-specific distress was associated with awareness during the sixth CCI session.Significance of resultsSC may facilitate emotional awareness. Greater emotional awareness in therapy may facilitate emotional processing, which is an important component of most psychotherapies. Patients who are psychologically distressed may exhibit more awareness than others. Similarly, greater emotional awareness may signal greater patient distress.
Modified Y-junction SIW power divider/combiner circuit
Authors: Song Kaijun , Luo Zihang , Guo Song , Fan Maoyu , Zhou Yedi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA modified compact Y-junction substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) four-way power divider (PD)/combiner is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on the traditional Y-junction waveguide. By using direct transition structure from SIW to half-mode SIW, four-way PD that provides equal power split to all four output ports is achieved. The even- and odd-mode equivalent circuits are given to analyze and design the PD. The measured results validate the proposed design methodology and show good agreement with the simulation results. The measured 17 dB return loss bandwidth and 1.2 dB insertion loss bandwidth of this four-way PD are both about 2.5 GHz.
Investigating the Magmatic Plumbing System of a Monogenetic Scoria Cone: A Field and Laboratory Study of the Cienega Scoria Cone, Cerros del Rio Volcanic Field, New Mexico
Authors: Foucher M. S. , Petronis M. S. , Lindline J. , van Wyk de Vries B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractData on the evolution of magmatic plumbing systems are essential for the understanding of magma motion in monogenetic volcanoes and associated volcanic hazard. Combined field (relationships and petrography) and laboratory (rock magnetism, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and paleomagnetism) analysis of a quarried scoria cone offers a unique opportunity to study its magmatic plumbing system. In this study magma emplacement processes were constrained using these methods at two vents, Cerro Pequeño and Cerro Grande, of the composite Cienega scoria cone volcano, in New Mexico, USA. The dikes and lava flows associated with Cerro Pequeño were emplaced in two stages within a short period of time relative to secular variation. In the first stage, the magma was injected into the main conduit of the Cerro Pequeño and then channeled into secondary conduits (e.g., the exposed dike system) moving away from the vent. In the late stage, magma from the northern Cerro Grande was injected into the Cerro Pequeño dike system toward its main vent. The dynamic evolution of the magmatic system observed at the Cienega volcano is similar to that observed in other larger volcanic edifices. As in this study, the investigation of the magma plumbing systems of many scoria cones reveals that the subsurface magmatic system involves multiple feeder conduits that evolve during the life of the volcanic system. This study provides significant insight for the characterization of magma propagation at the shallow level beneath the volcanic edifice and highlights the related hazards associated with small active volcanic systems worldwide.
Modeling Eruption Source Parameters by Integrating Field, Ground‐Based, and Satellite‐Based Measurements: The Case of the 23 February 2013 Etna Paroxysm
Authors: Poret M. , Costa A. , Andronico D. , Scollo S. , Gouhier M. , Cristaldi A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVolcanic plumes from Etna volcano (Italy) are governed by easterly winds driving ash over the Ionian Sea. The limited land tephra deposit makes total grain‐size distribution (TGSD) assessment and its fine ash fraction highly uncertain. On 23 February 2013, a lava fountain produced a ~9‐km‐high column above sea level (a.s.l.). The atypical north‐easterly wind direction dispersed the tephra from Etna to the Puglia region (southern Italy) allowing sampling up to very distal areas. This study uses field measurements to estimate the field‐based TGSD. Very fine ash distribution (particle matter below 10 μm—PM10) is explored parameterizing the field‐TGSD through a bi‐lognormal and bi‐Weibull distribution. However, none of the two latter TGSDs allow simulating any far‐traveling airborne ash up to distal areas. Accounting for the airborne ash retrieved from satellite (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager), we proposed an empirical modification of the field‐based TGSD including very fine ash through a power law decay of the distribution. The input source parameters are inverted by comparing simulations against measurements. Results suggest a column height of ~8.7 km a.s.l., a total erupted mass of ~4.9 × 109 kg, a PM10content between 0.4 and 1.3 wt%, and an aggregate fraction of ~2 wt% of the fine ash. Aerosol optical depth measurements from the AErosol RObotic NETwork are also used to corroborate the results at ~1,700 km from the source. Integrating numerical models with field, ground‐based, and satellite‐based data aims at providing a better TGSD estimation including very fine ash, crucial for air traffic safety.
Measuring, Processing, and Analyzing Hysteresis Data
Authors: Paterson Greig A. , Zhao Xiang , Jackson Mike , Heslop David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMagnetic hysteresis loops are important in theoretical and applied rock magnetism with applications to paleointensities, paleoenvironmental analysis, and tectonic studies, among many others. Information derived from these data is among the most ubiquitous rock magnetic data used by the Earth science community. Despite their prevalence, there are no general guidelines to aid scientists in obtaining the best possible data and no widely available software to allow the efficient analysis of hysteresis loop data using the most advanced and appropriate methods. Here we outline detrimental factors and simple approaches to measuring better hysteresis data and introduce a new software package called Hysteresis Loop analysis box (HystLab) for processing and analyzing loop data. Capable of reading a wide range of data formats, HystLab provides an easy‐to‐use interface allowing users to visualize their data and perform advanced processing, including loop centering, drift correction, high‐field slope corrections, and loop fitting to improve the results from noisy specimens. A large number of hysteresis loop properties and statistics are calculated by HystLab and can be exported to text files for further analysis. All plots generated by HystLab are customizable and user preferences can be saved for future use. In addition, all plots can be exported to encapsulated postscript files that are publication ready with little or no adjustment. HystLab is freely available for download at https://github.com/greigpaterson/HystLab and in combination with our simple measurement guide should help the paleomagnetic and rock magnetic communities get the most from their hysteresis data.
Precambrian Plate Tectonics in Northern Hudson Bay: Evidence From P and S Wave Seismic Tomography and Analysis of Source Side Effects in Relative Arrival‐Time Data Sets
Authors: Liddell Mitch V. , Bastow Ian , Rawlinson Nicholas , Darbyshire Fiona , Gilligan Amy , Watson Emma 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe geology of northern Hudson Bay, Canada, documents more than 2 billion years of history including the assembly of Precambrian and Archean terranes during several Paleoproterozoic orogenies, culminating in the Trans‐Hudson Orogen (THO) ∼1.8 Ga. The THO has been hypothesized to be similar in scale and nature to the ongoing Himalaya‐Karakoram‐Tibetan orogen, but the nature of lithospheric terrane boundaries, including potential plate‐scale underthrusting, is poorly understood. To address this problem, we present new P and S wave tomographic models of the mantle seismic structure using data from recent seismograph networks stretching from northern Ontario to Nunavut (60–100∘W and 50–80∘N). The large size of our network requires careful mitigation of the influence of source side structure that contaminates our relative arrival time residuals. Our tomographic models reveal a complicated internal structure in the Archean Churchill plate. However, no seismic wave speed distinction is observed across the Snowbird Tectonic Zone, which bisects the Churchill. The mantle lithosphere in the central region of Hudson Bay is distinct from the THO, indicating potential boundaries of microcontinents and lithospheric blocks between the principal colliders. Slow wave speeds underlie southern Baffin Island, the leading edge of the generally high wave speed Churchill plate. This is interpreted to be Paleoproterozoic material underthrust beneath Baffin Island in a modern‐style subduction zone setting.
The Overlap of Aftershock Coda Waves and Short‐Term Postseismic Forecasting
Authors: de Arcangelis L. , Godano C. , Lippiello E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe elaboration of reliable forecasting in the first hours after large shocks, very useful for the postseismic management, is strongly affected by the huge incompleteness of seismic catalogs. The deficit of observed events, in the first part of aftershock sequences, can be naturally attributed to different mechanisms such as the inefficiency of the seismic network as well as the overlap of seismic records. In this study we show that short‐term aftershock incompleteness can be explained only in terms of the second mechanism whereas it is only weakly affected by the quality of the instrumental coverage. Indeed, we show that larger deviations from the Gutenberg‐Richter law and the Omori‐Utsu law can be found in regions with a higher seismic network efficiency. We use these results to develop an incomplete Epidemic‐Type Aftershock Sequence model able to reproduce statistical features in time and magnitude of recorded aftershocks.
Effects of Scavenging, Entrainment, and Aqueous Chemistry on Peroxides and Formaldehyde in Deep Convective Outflow Over the Central and Southeast United States
Authors: Bela Megan M. , Barth Mary C. , Toon Owen Brian , Fried Alan , Ziegler Conrad , Cummings Kristin A. , Li Yunyao , Pickering Kenneth E. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Morrison Hugh , Yang Qing , Mecikalski Retha M. , Carey Larry , Biggerstaff Michael I. , Betten Daniel P. , Alford A. Addison 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeep convective transport of gaseous precursors to ozone (O3) and aerosols to the upper troposphere is affected by liquid phase and mixed‐phase scavenging, entrainment of free tropospheric air and aqueous chemistry. The contributions of these processes are examined using aircraft measurements obtained in storm inflow and outflow during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) experiment combined with high‐resolution (dx≤3 km) WRF‐Chem simulations of a severe storm, an air mass storm, and a mesoscale convective system (MCS). The simulation results for the MCS suggest that formaldehyde (CH2O) is not retained in ice when cloud water freezes, in agreement with previous studies of the severe storm. By analyzing WRF‐Chem trajectories, the effects of scavenging, entrainment, and aqueous chemistry on outflow mixing ratios of CH2O, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are quantified. Liquid phase microphysical scavenging was the dominant process reducing CH2O and H2O2 outflow mixing ratios in all three storms. Aqueous chemistry did not significantly affect outflow mixing ratios of all three species. In the severe storm and MCS, the higher than expected reductions in CH3OOH mixing ratios in the storm cores were primarily due to entrainment of low‐background CH3OOH. In the air mass storm, lower CH3OOH and H2O2 scavenging efficiencies (SEs) than in the MCS were partly due to entrainment of higher background CH3OOH and H2O2. Overestimated rain and hail production in WRF‐Chem reduces the confidence in ice retention fraction values determined for the peroxides and CH2O.
Toward the Improvement of Subseasonal Prediction in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Zhu Yuejian , Zhou Xiaqiong , Li Wei , Hou Dingchen , Melhauser Christopher , Sinsky Eric , Peña Malaquias , Fu Bing , Guan Hong , Kolczynski Walter , Wobus Richard , Tallapragada Vijay 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn order to provide ensemble‐based subseasonal (weeks 3 and 4) forecasts to support the operational mission of the Climate Prediction Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, experiments have been designed through the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) project to investigate the predictability in both tropical and extratropical regions. The control experiment simply extends the current operational Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS; version 11) from 16 to 35 days. In addition to the control, the parallel experiments will be mainly designed to focus on three areas: (1) improving model uncertainty representation for the tropics through stochastic physical perturbations; (2) considering the impact of the ocean by using a two‐tiered sea surface temperature approach; and (3) testing a new scale‐aware convection scheme to improve the model physics for tropical convection and Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) forecasts. All experiments are initialized every 5 days at 0000 UTC during the period of May 2014–May 2016 (25 months). In the tropics, MJO forecast skill has been improved from an average of 12.5 days (control) to nearly 22 days by combining all three modifications to GEFS. In the extratropics, the ensemble mean anomaly correlation of 500‐hPa geopotential height improved over weeks 3 and 4. In addition, the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (of the Northern Hemisphere raw surface temperature (land only) is improved as well. A similar result is found in the Contiguous United States precipitation, although forecast skill is extremely low. Our results imply that calibration may be important and necessary for surface temperature and precipitation forecast for the subseasonal timescale due to the large systematic model errors.
Williams Syndrome neuroanatomical score associates with GTF2IRD1 in large-scale magnetic resonance imaging cohorts: a proof of concept for multivariate endophenotypes
Authors: Fan Chun Chieh , Schork Andrew J. , Brown Timothy T. , Spencer Barbara E. , Akshoomoff Natacha , Chen Chi-Hua , Kuperman Joshua M. , Hagler Donald J. , Steen Vidar M. , Le Hellard Stephanie , Håberg Asta Kristine , Espeseth Thomas , Andreassen Ole A. , Dale Anders M. , Jernigan Terry L. , Halgren Eric ,   Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite great interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for studying the effects of genes on brain structure in humans, current approaches have focused almost entirely on predefined regions of interest and had limited success. Here, we used multivariate methods to define a single neuroanatomical score of how William’s Syndrome (WS) brains deviate structurally from controls. The score is trained and validated on measures of T1 structural brain imaging in two WS cohorts (training, n = 38; validating, n = 60). We then associated this score with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the WS hemi-deleted region in five cohorts of neurologically and psychiatrically typical individuals (healthy European descendants, n = 1863). Among 110 SNPs within the 7q11.23 WS chromosomal region, we found one associated locus (p = 5e–5) located at GTF2IRD1, which has been implicated in animal models of WS. Furthermore, the genetic signals of neuroanatomical scores are highly enriched locally in the 7q11.23 compared with summary statistics based on regions of interest, such as hippocampal volumes (n = 12,596), and also globally (SNP-heritability = 0.82, se = 0.25, p = 5e−4). The role of genetic variability in GTF2IRD1 during neurodevelopment extends to healthy subjects. Our approach of learning MRI-derived phenotypes from clinical populations with well-established brain abnormalities characterized by known genetic lesions may be a powerful alternative to traditional region of interest-based studies for identifying genetic variants regulating typical brain development.