bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐Assisted Synthesis of Colloidal FeWxOy and Fe/FexOy Nanoparticles in Water and Ethanol
Authors: Lasemi Niusha , Bomatí Miguel Oscar , Lahoz Ruth , Lennikov Vassili. V. , Pacher Ulrich , Rentenberger Christian , Kautek Wolfgang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHomogeneous polycrystalline FexOy nanoparticles were generated by ablation of iron targets in water by nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. In ethanol, crystalline core‐shell Fe/FexOy structures with size medians around 20 nm were produced. The ablation of FeWxOy targets in water resulted in crystalline hollow shells and homogeneous FeWxOy nanoparticles. In contrast, amorphous core‐shell FeWxOy nanoparticles with a median size of 17 nm were produced in ethanol. The size distribution of both the FexOy and the FeWxOy particles showed a slight dependence on fluence and pulse number. This may be related to primary and secondary ablation and modification mechanisms.
Adaptive Materials Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Li Yan , Ye Dewen , Li Mingxi , Ma Ming , Gu Ning 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe paper provides a brief overview of the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in the areas of bone regenerative medicine. Reconstruction of bone defects caused by trauma, non‐union, and bone tumor excision, still faces many challenges despite the intense investigations and advancement in bone‐tissue engineering and bone regeneration over the past decades. IONPs have promising prospects in this field due to their controlled responsive characteristics in specific external magnetic fields and have been of great interest during the last few years. This Minireview aims to summarize the relevant progress and describes the following five aspects: (i) The general introduction of IONPs, with a focus on the magnetic properties as the base of application; (ii) using IONPs as tools to study and control stem cells for better treatment efficacy in stem‐cell‐based bone defect repair; (iii) the use of IONPs and their complexes in the delivery of therapeutic agents, including chemical drug molecules, growth factors, and genetic materials, to promote osteogenesis‐related cell function and differentiation, healthy bone tissue growth, and functional reconstruction; (iv) magneto‐mechanical actuation in the regulation of cells distribution, mechano‐transduction membrane receptors activation, and mechanosensitive signaling pathways regulation, and (v) fabrication, characteristics, and in vitro and in vivo osteogenic effects of magnetic composite bone scaffolds. Ongoing prospects are also discussed.
The Schwann Cell as an Active Synaptic Partner
Authors: Hyung Sujin , Jung Kyuhwan , Cho Sung‐Rae , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system are indispensable for the formation, maintenance, and modulation of synapses over the life cycle. They not only recognize neuron‐glia signaling molecules, but also secrete gliotransmitters. Through these processes, they regulate neuronal excitability and thus the release of neurotransmitters from the nerve terminal at the neuromuscular junction. Gliotransmitters strongly affect nerve communication, and their secretion is mainly triggered by synchronized Ca2+ signaling, implicating Ca2+ waves in synapse function. Reciprocally, neurotransmitters released during synaptic activity can evoke increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels. A reconsideration of the interplay between the two main types of cells in the nervous system is due, as the concept of nervous system activity comprising only neuron‐neuron and neuron‐muscle action has become untenable. A more precise understanding of the roles of schwann cells in nerve‐muscle signaling is required.
Nucleophilic Substitution (SN2): Dependence on Nucleophile, Leaving Group, Central Atom, Substituents, and Solvent
Authors: Hamlin Trevor A. , Swart Marcel , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe reaction potential energy surface (PES), and thus the mechanism of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2), depends profoundly on the nature of the nucleophile and leaving group, but also on the central, electrophilic atom, its substituents, as well as on the medium in which the reaction takes place. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies and demonstrate how changes in any one of the aforementioned factors affect the SN2 mechanism. One of the most striking effects is the transition from a double‐well to a single‐well PES when the central atom is changed from a second‐period (e. g. carbon) to a higher‐period element (e.g, silicon, germanium). Variations in nucleophilicity, leaving group ability, and bulky substituents around a second‐row element central atom can then be exploited to change the single‐well PES back into a double‐well. Reversely, these variations can also be used to produce a single‐well PES for second‐period elements, for example, a stable pentavalent carbon species.
Modelling Charge Transfer in Weak Chemical Bonds: Insights from the Chemistry of Helium
Authors: Nunzi Francesca , Cesario Diego , Pirani Fernando , Belpassi Leonardo , Tarantelli Francesco 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe studied the nature of the interaction of the weakly bound Be−He adduct by means of an integrated theoretical approach based on high‐level quantum chemical calculations for the characterization of the potential energy surfaces and charge displaced upon adduct formation, together with the development of a semi‐empirical analytical formulation of the interaction potential. Our results show that Be is able to form a stable adduct with He when the Be(1D) (1s2 2s2→1s2 2s0 2p2) excited state is involved, with a binding energy of as much as 10.2 kcal/mol, an astonishingly large value for He in neutral systems. The analysis of the leading interaction components in the Be*−He adduct proves the relevance of the charge transfer to the overall stability, which contributes to decreasing the intermolecular distance, thus strengthening the induction‐energy component.
Quantifying the Polymeric Capping of Nanoparticles with X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Tanner Eden E. L. , Sokolov Stanislav V. , Ngamchuea Kamonwad , Palgrave Robert G. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractX‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterise silver nanoparticles capped with poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) in a room‐temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]). The amounts of oxygen and silver present in nanoparticles capped with different molecular weight thiolated PEG chains were monitored, and the number of thiolated PEG chains per nanoparticle was calculated, an in situ characterisation not previously possible.
A Simple Device Based on Smart Hollow Microgels for Facile Detection of Trace Lead(II) Ions
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Zhuang , Peng Han‐Yu , He Fan , Zhang Lei , Faraj Yousef , Wang Wei , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Xie Rui , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA simple device, which is equipped with a non‐woven fabric filter medium immobilized with ion‐recognizable smart hollow microgels, is developed for facile detection of trace lead(II) ions (Pb2+). The ion‐recognizable smart microgels are made of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐benzo‐18‐crown‐6‐acrylamide) (PNB), in which the 18‐crown‐6 groups act as the sensors of Pb2+ and the N‐isopropylacrylamide groups act as the actuators. The PNB hollow microgels can isothermally change from a shrunk state to a swollen state in response to recognizing Pb2+ in the aqueous environment due to the electrostatic repulsion among the charged 18‐crown‐6/Pb2+ complex groups and the enhancement of hydrophilicity of the microgels. Due to the hollow structures, the PNB microgels show remarkable isothermal swelling ratio. Thus, the flux of solution pass through the non‐woven fabric filter medium decreases significantly because of the remarkable reduction in the space for liquid flowing upon recognizing Pb2+. The Pb2+ concentration can be detected quantitatively by simply and easily measuring the change of solution flux using the proposed device, which is operated without external power supply or spectroscopic measurements. The strategy proposed in this study provides a promising method for facile detection of trace Pb2+ in aqueous environments.
Uncovering Periodicity and Hidden Trends Responsible for Predicting the Magnetic Moment of Body Centered Cubic Crystal
Authors: Takahashi Keisuke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrediction of the magnetic moment of binary body centered cubic (BCC) is explored in terms of first principle calculations and data science. A dataset of 1,541 binary BCC materials constructed by first principle calculations is implemented for data mining. Descriptors for determining the magnetic moment are explored using machine learning, where classification and regression models are both implemented. Data mining reveals that two descriptors are responsible for classifying whether the materials have zero or nonzero magnetic moments and can also classify which groups of magnetic moments they belong to (μB<1, 1≤μB<2, or 2≤μB<3) where the average scores produced in cross validation indicate 80 % and 91 % accuracy, respectively. Furthermore, the direct prediction of magnetic moments is performed using a regression model where eight descriptors are revealed with an average score of 74 % accuracy. The inverse problem – from a given magnetic moment to corresponding material – is successfully addressed where the stability of the predicted materials are confirmed by further first principle calculations. Thus, descriptors for the magnetic moment in BCC materials are revealed and can be seen as the base descriptor set for the magnetic moments of further complex materials.
Effect of Deuterium Content on the Optical Properties of DKDP Crystals
Authors: Xu Mingxia , Zhang Lisong , Liu Fafu , Wang Shaoyan , Lian Yafei , Wang Fang , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang , Sun Xun , Sun Shaotao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the optical properties of deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals with deuterium content of 55, 65 and 70% grown by traditional temperature‐reduction method are studied, including weak absorption, non‐uniformities of refractive indices, 3ω conversion efficiency and the 3ω laser damage threshold (3ω LDT). The results indicate that the weak absorption of 70% DKDP crystal is smaller than that of 55 and 65% DKDP. The result of non‐uniformities of refractive indices is further confirmed that the variation of deuterium content has little effect on the homogeneity of DKDP crystals. The 3ω conversion efficiency is measured under the optimum phase matching angle and 3ω conversion efficiency of 70% DKDP crystal is the highest, which achieved 50%. The results indicate that 3ω LDT of 70% DKDP crystal is slightly higher than that of 55 and 65% DKDP.
CSR and green economy: Determinants and correlation of firms’ sustainable development
Authors: Marco‐Fondevila Miguel , Moneva Abadía José M. , Scarpellini Sabina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe determinants of accountability and their links to environmental performance have been extensively studied, but without reaching solid conclusions, especially among SMEs. The once promising approaches of CSR and green economy are subject to mistrust, partly derived from a lack of awareness and understanding of what companies really do and why.This paper examines the determinants and empirical interrelations between accountability standards and environmental proactivity within a comprehensive group of companies. From a regional focus reflecting the transversal cultural and socioeconomic circumstances linked to the context, an empirical research for 297 companies in the region of Aragon (Spain) was conducted, studying their environmental disclosure and performance, as well as the managerial determinant factors.The findings confirm the relevance of companies’ internal factors as determinants for accountability, but also the significance of geographical factors in green companies’ relationship with stakeholders. The positive correlation between accountability and environmental proactivity suggests distinctive business strategies towards compliance and stakeholder engagement.
A field‐applicable method for flow cytometric analysis of granulocyte activation: Cryopreservation of fixed granulocytes
Authors: de Ruiter Karin , van Staveren Selma , Hilvering Bart , Knol Edward , Vrisekoop Nienke , Koenderman Leo , Yazdanbakhsh Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUpon activation granulocytes upregulate several adhesion molecules (CD11b) and granule proteins (CD35, CD66b) and shed surface l‐selectin (CD62L). These changes in expression, as assessed by flow cytometry, can be used as markers for activation. Whereas these markers are usually studied in fresh blood samples, a new method is required when samples are collected at a field site with no direct access to a flow cytometer. Therefore, we developed and tested a field‐applicable method in which fixed leukocytes were cryopreserved. Using this method, the intensity of granulocyte activation markers was compared to samples that were either stained fresh, or fixed prior to staining but not cryopreserved. In addition, the response to an in vitro stimulation with fMLF was determined. While we observed differences in marker intensities when comparing fresh and fixed granulocytes, similar intensities were found between fixed cells that had been cryopreserved and fixed cells that did not undergo cryopreservation. Although fixation using FACS lysing solution might lead to membrane permeabilization, activation markers, and the responsiveness to fMLF or eotaxin could still be clearly measured. This method will, therefore, enable future studies of granulocyte activation in settings with limited resources and will allow simultaneous analysis of samples collected at different time points. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Hippo‐yap signaling in ocular development and disease
Authors: Lee Matthew , Goraya Navneet , Kim Seonhee , Cho Seo‐Hee 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe Hippo‐Yes associated protein (Yap) pathway plays an important role in organ size control by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. Hippo‐Yap signaling also functions at the level of cellular development in a variety of organs through its effects on cell cycle control, cell survival, cell polarity, and cell fate. Because of its important roles in normal development and homeostasis, abnormal regulation of this pathway has been shown to lead to pathological outcomes such as tissue overgrowth, tumor formation, and abnormal organogenesis, including ocular‐specific disorders. In this review, we summarize how normal and perturbed control of Yap signaling is implicated in ocular development and disease Developmental Dynamics 247:794–806, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of Elf5‐Cre knockin mouse strain for trophoblast‐specific gene manipulation
Authors: Kong Shuangbo , Liang Guixian , Tu Zhaowei , Chen Dunjin , Wang Haibin , Lu Jinhua 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPlacental development is a complex and highly controlled process during which trophoblast stem cells differentiate to various trophoblast subtypes. The early embryonic death of systemic gene knockout models hampers the investigation of these genes that might play important roles during placentation. A trophoblast specific Cre mouse model would be of great help for dissecting out the potential roles of these genes during placental development. For this purpose, we generate a transgenic mouse with the Cre recombinase inserted into the endogenous locus of Elf5 gene that is expressed specifically in placental trophoblast cells. To analyze the specificity and efficiency of Cre recombinase activity in Elf5‐Cre mice, we mated Elf5‐Cre mice with Rosa26mT/mG reporter mice, and found that Elf5‐Cre transgene is expressed specifically in the trophoectoderm as early as embryonic day 4.5 (E4.5). By E12.5, the activity of Elf5‐Cre transgene was detected exclusively in all derivatives of trophoblast lineages, including spongiotrophoblast, giant cells, and labyrinth trophoblasts. In addition, Elf5‐Cre transgene was also active during spermatogenesis, from spermatids to mature sperms, which is consistent with the endogenous Elf5 expression in testis. Collectively, our results provide a unique tool to delete specific genes selectively and efficiently in trophoblast lineage during placentation.
Associations of parents' self, child, and other “fat talk” with child eating behaviors and weight
Authors: Lydecker Janet A. , Riley Kristen E. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveFat talk, negative communication about weight, is common in the media, peer groups, and families. Little is known about parental fat talk directed at oneself or others. This study examined associations between different forms of parental fat talk and child disordered eating behaviors and weight, and differences by child sex and age.MethodParents of preadolescents or adolescents (n = 581) reported fat talk about themselves (self‐fat talk), others (obesity‐fat talk), and their child (child‐fat talk).Results76.0% of parents reported regular self‐fat talk in front of children, 51.5% reported obesity‐fat talk, and 43.6% reported child‐fat talk. Fat talk did not differ significantly between parents of preadolescents and adolescents but was more common with sons than daughters. Of the three forms of fat talk, only child‐fat talk was associated with all child eating and weight variables (binge eating, overeating, secretive eating, and overweight/obesity); associations were strongest for adolescent girls. Child sex was associated with secretive eating and overweight/obesity.ConclusionsParents reported using different forms of fat talk frequently. Parent self‐ and obesity‐fat talk were reported more frequently, but child‐fat talk was the most strongly associated with children's eating and weight. Because of associations with disordered eating behaviors, intervening to reduce fat talk might contribute to improving pediatric disordered eating and weight‐related interventions.
A hierarchical Bayesian model to incorporate uncertainty into methods for diversity partitioning
Authors: Marion Zachary H. , Fordyce James A. , Fitzpatrick Benjamin M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRecently there have been major theoretical advances in the quantification and partitioning of diversity within and among communities, regions, and ecosystems. However, applying those advances to real data remains a challenge. Ecologists often end up describing their samples rather than estimating the diversity components of an underlying study system, and existing approaches do not easily provide statistical frameworks for testing ecological questions. Here we offer one avenue to do all of the above using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We estimate posterior distributions of the underlying “true” relative abundances of each species within each unit sampled. These posterior estimates of relative abundance can then be used with existing formulae to estimate and partition diversity. The result is a posterior distribution of diversity metrics describing our knowledge (or beliefs) about the study system. This approach intuitively leads to statistical inferences addressing biologically motivated hypotheses via Bayesian model comparison. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our approach does as well or better at approximating the “true” diversity of a community relative to naïve or ad‐hoc bias‐corrected estimates. Moreover, model comparison correctly distinguishes between alternative hypotheses about the distribution of diversity within and among samples. Finally, we use an empirical ecological dataset to illustrate how the approach can be used to address questions about the makeup and diversities of assemblages at local and regional scales.
Synthesis of CLA‐Rich Lysophosphatidylcholine by Immobilized MAS1‐H108A‐Catalyzed Esterification: Effects of the Parameters and Monitoring of the Reaction Process
Authors: Li Daoming , Wang Weifei , Zhang Li , Liu Nan , Faiza Muniba , Tan Chin Ping , Yang Bo , Lan Dongming , Wang Yonghua 
Published: March 2018

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)‐rich lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) with many proven beneficial effects is successfully synthesized by an immobilized mutant lipase (MAS1‐H108A)‐catalyzed esterification of glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and CLA‐rich FAs. Under the optimized conditions (temperature of 55 °C, substrate molar ratio of CLA‐rich FAs to GPC of 40:1, and enzyme loading of 300 U g−1), LPC content as high as 89.10 mol.% is achieved, which is exceptionally higher than any ever‐reported value. By monitoring the esterification process, it is found that sn1‐LPC is easy to synthesize and is the predominant product, while sn2‐LPC and phosphatidylcholine (PC) are difficult to synthesize and are with lower content in the final product. The formed sn2‐LPC during esterification may mainly attribute to the acyl migration of sn1‐LPC and the ratio of sn1‐LPC to sn2‐LPC finally plateaus at approximately 7. Besides, our results also demonstrate that sn2‐LPC is the main template for the synthesis of PC. Finally, a complete reaction scheme for the synthesis of LPC by immobilized MAS1‐H108A‐catalyzed esterification of GPC and fatty acids is mapped out. Overall, the highest LPC content can be obtained by immobilized MAS1‐H108A‐catalyzed esterification and there is the first study for systematical studying the reaction process of CLA‐rich LPC synthesis.Practical Applications: Previous studies have demonstrated that Novozym 435 is the most suitable catalyst for the synthesis of CLA‐rich LPC. However, the LPC content obtained by Novozym 435 is only 70 mol.% and the reaction process for the synthesis of CLA‐rich LPC has not been studied systematically, which restricts the commercial production of CLA‐rich LPC in some extent. Therefore, further exploration of alternative enzyme resources for highly efficient synthesis of CLA‐rich LPC and trying to clarify the reaction process of CLA‐rich LPC synthesis are of significant importance for the future commercially industrial production of CLA‐rich LPC.A complete reaction scheme for the synthesis of LPC using GPC and FAs as substrates by immobilized MAS1‐H108A‐catalyzed esterification. CLA‐rich FAs are used as model FAs in this study. Reaction parameters, such as temperature, CLA‐rich FAs/GPC ratio, and enzyme loading are selected to study their effects on the esterification. Concurrently, the reaction process is monitored. LPC content as high as 89.10 mol.% is obtained, which is the highest reported value thus far for the synthesis of CLA‐rich LPC. Finally, the reaction scheme for the synthesis of LPC by immobilized MAS1‐H108A‐catalyzed esterification is mapped out.