bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the genitourinary tract are genetically different from nodular fasciitis and lack USP6, ROS1 and ETV6 gene rearrangements
Authors: Jebastin Judith A S , Smith Steven C , Perry Kyle D , Gupta Nilesh S , Alanee Shaheen , Carskadon Shannon , Chitale Dhananjay A , Palanisamy Nallasivam , Williamson Sean R 
Published: April 2018

AimsPseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations of the genitourinary tract have a debatable relationship with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (generally lacking ALK rearrangement); however, they share several overlapping features with nodular fasciitis of soft tissue. As rearrangement of the USP6 gene has been recently recognised as a recurrent alteration in soft tissue nodular fasciitis, and several other alternative gene fusions have been recently recognised in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour, the aim of this study was to investigate whether USP6, ROS1 or ETV6 rearrangements were present in these lesions (12 cases).Methods and resultsFluorescence in‐situ hybridisation analysis was performed by the use of bacterial artificial chromosome‐derived break‐apart probes against USP6, ROS1, and ETV6. Two cases with adequate genetic material from recent paraffin tissue blocks were also tested by use of a solid tumour gene fusion detection assay via next‐generation sequencing, targeting >50 known genes involved in recurrent fusions. None of the genitourinary pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferations was found to harbour USP6 (0/12), ROS1 (0/8) or ETV6 (0/7) rearrangements, and no gene fusions were detected in two cases studied by sequencing.ConclusionsDespite overlap in histological and immunohistochemical features between pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation and nodular fasciitis, these tumours lack the recently recognised USP6 rearrangements that occur in nodular fasciitis, as well as alternative fusions found in ALK‐negative inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours. At present, this diagnosis remains based primarily on clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features.
Analysis of the implementation of a social protection initiative to admit the poorest of the poor to mutual health funds in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kadidiatou Kadio , Yamba Kafando , Aboubacar Ouédraogo , Ridde Valéry 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo enable mutual health funds to extend coverage to poor people, the Mutual Health Support Network (Réseau d’appui aux mutuelles de santé – RAMS) in 2012 launched an initiative in collaboration with the Ministry of Social Action and Solidarity (ministère de l’Action sociale et de la Solidarité nationale – MASSN) in Burkina Faso. This article reveals difficulties in the initiative's implementation, which resulted in the continued exclusion of poor people from health services. Poor people were required not only to make co‐payments, but also to accept a limitation of coverage to three episodes of illness per year. Additional challenges to service takeup were the geographical distance of the homes of some beneficiaries covered by a mutual fund agreement from a health centre and the failure by some health workers and managers of pharmacies to recognize the mutual membership card. A formal framework was lacking that brought together all the actors involved in planning and implementing the initiative. Those involved did not all have the same information. Each structure performed the tasks within its scope, according to its own interests, but without consulting the other parties, and there was no platform for discussing implementation difficulties.
The importance of nurse monitoring for potential opioid abuse in their patients
Authors: Mallick‐Searle Theresa , Chang Hong 
Published: April 2018

Deaths related to opioids have quadrupled since 1999, making it a top priority in health care. This article will provide an overview of the opioid crisis, focusing on the role that nurses play in addressing this crisis, with emphasis on assessment, early recognition, and prevention of opioid misuse. Systematic review of Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar for articles relating to nurses’ role in pain management, education, and safe opioid use. Research suggests the incidence of ongoing, persistent pain is at an all‐time high (IOM Report, 2011, Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC), coincidently the rate of opioid prescribing over the past 15 years has also reached an all‐time high (Prescription Opioid Overdose Data, 2017, https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/overdose.html/). An “opioid crisis” was declared, calling for safer opioid prescribing (CDC Guideline for Prescribing, 2016, https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/rr6501e1.htm/). Further research shows that nurses are educated and accomplished health care professionals (ASPMN, 2017, The core curriculum for pain management nursing, Elsevier, New York, NY; DEA Requirements, 2017, https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/pubs/docs/dwp_buprenorphine.htm/; Ray & Behr, Clinical Nurse Specialist, 31, 2017, 115; St. Marie, Pain Management Nursing, 17, 2016, 311), at the forefront of monitoring for addiction and opioid misuse. Nurses contribute greatly to enhanced pain assessment and education to patients, families, and their peers. With the current opioid crisis, nurses have taken on the added responsibility of monitoring for potential opioid abuse, safety, and signs of addiction in their patients.
Time Aggregation and the Relationship between Inflation and Money Growth
Authors: BREUER JANICE BOUCHER , MCDERMOTT JOHN , WEBER WARREN E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUsing panel data for 99 countries, we confirm that the measured elasticity of prices with respect to money is higher, and closer to unity, the higher is money growth and the longer the time horizon over which the data are averaged. We propose two explanations. In one, the true model of inflation involves a lagged response to money growth. In the other, there is negative correlation between shocks to inflation and money growth. Our empirical results can be explained if high–money‐growth countries have (i) shorter lags or (ii) less negative correlation, when compared to countries with low money growth.
Barriers to the Administration of Epinephrine in Schools
Authors: Hogue Susan L. , Muniz Rafael , Herrem Christopher , Silvia Suyapa , White Martha V. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAnaphylaxis is a serious and growing concern in the school setting as the prevalence of food allergies and food‐induced severe allergic reactions continues to increase.METHODSA cross‐sectional, web‐based survey was conducted regarding anaphylactic events that occurred during the 2014‐2015 school year. Eligible schools were enrolled in the EPIPEN4SCHOOLS® program (Mylan Specialty L.P., Canonsburg, PA), which provides free epinephrine auto‐injectors to qualifying US schools. Participating schools completed a 29‐item survey on anaphylactic event occurrence and treatment, epinephrine stock, school policies regarding anaphylaxis, school staff training, and school nursing coverage.RESULTSResponses were provided by 12,275 schools. Epinephrine was administered on school property for 63.7% of reported anaphylactic events (1272/1998). In 38.5% (235/610) of events for which epinephrine was not used, antihistamines were cited as the reason. Only 59.4% of schools cited epinephrine as their standard first‐line therapy for anaphylaxis. School nurses were most likely to be trained in anaphylaxis recognition and permitted to administer epinephrine; however, just 53.6% of schools had a full‐time nurse on staff.CONCLUSIONSProcess‐related barriers to the appropriate use of epinephrine go beyond access to medication. Widespread staff training and review of school policies are needed to ensure that anaphylaxis is appropriately managed in schools.
You've Come a Long Way…Maybe: How Moral Emotions Trigger Backlash Against Women Leaders
Authors: Brescoll Victoria L. , Okimoto Tyler G. , Vial Andrea C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite the progress American women have made in other arenas, they still remain underrepresented in top leadership positions in both the public and private sectors, thus contributing to their marginalized status in these domains. Although people do not expect to encounter women in positions of power, a solely cognitive process cannot fully account for the negative interpersonal characterizations and poor leadership evaluations (i.e., backlash) that female leaders disproportionately receive. Rather, recent evidence suggests that because female leaders are seen as gender norm deviants who threaten the gender status hierarchy, the backlash they encounter more likely constitutes a motivated process whereby perceivers’ negative evaluations stem from a desire to maintain the status quo (i.e., gender inequality). Here, we expand on this work by proposing that a desire to defend the gender hierarchy causes people to feel negative moral emotions when encountering powerful women who display dominance and/or agency which, in turn, causes backlash effects against such individuals. Study 1 finds that morally laden negative affect explains why evaluators penalize dominant female leaders, but not dominant male leaders. Studies 2 and 3 then manipulate this mediator via the use of use disgust primes. Given that embodied disgust amplifies moral judgment severity, we hypothesized that if moral emotions underlie gender backlash, enhanced feelings of disgust should result in harsher penalties for leaders in gender‐incongruent roles than those in gender‐congruent roles as only the former violate core gender norms that undermine the status quo. Indeed, compared to a neutral prime, disgust primes (taste in Study 2, visual in Study 3) resulted in lower leadership evaluations and liking of only the gender deviant targets. We discuss the implications of these findings for organizational interventions and female leaders’ impression management strategies.
Promoting Social Scaffolding Behaviors in Staff Members and Peer‐Directed Behaviors Among Persons With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities: An Intervention Study
Authors: Nijs Sara , Vlaskamp Carla , Maes Bea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPersons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) present limited peer‐directed behaviors toward their peers with PIMD. It is not clear how staff can facilitate and promote the mutual peer‐directed behaviors between persons with PIMD. In this study, we explored if peer‐directed behaviors among persons with PIMD can be increased by an intervention that is focused on training the staff in providing social scaffolding behaviors toward their clients. An A‐B‐B′‐C design was used in this study. A baseline condition was followed by two intervention conditions and a follow‐up. Four staff members participated in a training in which they were informed about peer interactions in persons with PIMD and learned how to promote these interactions. They developed a peer interaction supportive activity. This activity was provided to two persons with PIMD for 10 weeks. Social scaffolding behaviors of staff as well as peer‐directed behaviors of persons with PIMD were coded during videotaped observations. A significant increase of social scaffolding behaviors of staff members was observed during the intervention with a significant decrease at follow‐up. Significantly, more singular and fewer multiple peer‐directed behaviors of persons with PIMD were observed during the intervention. Both singular and multiple peer‐directed behaviors decreased again at follow‐up. A short training of staff members already positively affects their social scaffolding behaviors and increases the amount of peer‐directed behaviors of persons with PIMD. However, the amount of both behaviors decreased again at follow‐up. This argues to broadly apply this training in services and schools for persons with PIMD and to complement it with continuing staff coaching on this topic.
Systematic review of risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
Authors: Kuang X.‐J. , Jia R.‐R. , Huo R.‐R. , Yu J.‐J. , Wang J.‐J. , Xiang B.‐D. , Li L.‐Q. , Peng Z. , Zhong J.‐H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThere is no consensus about factors that increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among patients with chronic hepatitis B who have achieved seroclearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). To assess the available evidence about risk factors for HCC after HBsAg seroclearance, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant studies published through 15 September 2017. A total of 28 studies involving more than 105 411 patients with chronic hepatitis B were included. HBsAg seroclearance occurred spontaneously in 7656, while it occurred after interferon or nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy in 1248. The rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 6.77%. Incidence of HCC was significantly lower among patients who experienced HBsAg seroclearance than among those who remained HBsAg‐positive (1.86% vs 6.56%, P < .001). Risk factors of HCC occurrence included cirrhosis (incidence with vs without: 9.51% vs 1.66%), male gender (2.34% vs 0.64%) and age ≥ 50 year at HBsAg seroclearance (2.34% vs 0.63%) (all P < .001). The available evidence suggests that HCC can develop at a low rate after HBsAg seroclearance, so periodic surveillance is recommended, especially for male patients, patients with cirrhosis and patients who experience HBsAg seroclearance when at least 50 years old.
Characterization of demographics and NS5A genetic diversity for hepatitis C virus genotype 4‐infected patients with or without cirrhosis treated with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir
Authors: Schnell G. , Tripathi R. , Beyer J. , Reisch T. , Krishnan P. , Dekhtyar T. , Irvin M. , Hall C. , Yu Y. , Mobashery N. , Redman R. , Pilot‐Matias T. , Collins C. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 (GT4) is genetically diverse with 17 confirmed and 4 provisional subtypes. In this report, HCV GT4‐infected patient samples from Phase 2/3 clinical studies were analysed to characterize global demographics and genetic diversity of GT4 infection among patients treated with ombitasvir (OBV, NS5A inhibitor) plus paritaprevir/r (NS3/4A inhibitor codosed with ritonavir). Among 17 subtypes isolated from GT4‐infected patients in the PEARL‐I and AGATE‐I studies, subtype prevalence by country of enrolment and country of origin suggested that subtypes 4a and 4d were likely circulating in Europe, while heterogeneous GT4 subtypes and a portion of GT4a detected in European and North American countries were likely due to immigration of HCV‐infected patients from Africa. The distributions of birth cohort and race were also significantly different across GT4 subtypes 4a, 4d, and non‐4a/4d. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of NS5A sequences revealed clustering within subtype 4a which segregated by the patient‐reported country of origin and the presence of the L30R/S polymorphism. HCV NS5A sequences derived from GT4a‐infected patients who originated from Europe and the United States clustered separately from sequences derived from patients who originated from Egypt, suggesting that genetically distinct strains of subtype 4a may be circulating globally. Finally, NS5A baseline polymorphisms were frequently detected at amino acid positions of interest for the inhibitor‐class and OBV retained activity against 37 of 39 NS5A GT4 clinical isolates, with no impact on treatment outcome in the PEARL‐I and AGATE‐I studies.
A comparative study ofLabeo victorianus(Bouelenger, 1901) andOreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) grown in polyculture systems
Authors: Orina P. S. , Charo‐Karisa H. , Munguti J. M. , Boera P. , Abwao J. , Kyule D. , Opiyo M. , Marcial H. , Manyala J. , Rasowo J. O. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA polyculture experiment with African carp (Labeo victorianus) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was conducted for 24 weeks in 12 earthen ponds measuring 150 m2to assess their compatibility. Monoculture treatments T1 and T4 forL. victorianusandO. niloticus,respectively, were the controls for the two species, while treatments T2 and T3 were a polyculture ofL. victorianusandO. niloticusat a ratio of 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. All treatments were carried out in triplicate, with feedings performed twice daily at 09:00 hr and 16:00 hr at 10%, 5% and 3% body weight distributed evenly over the 24‐week growth period. Fish sampling was conducted monthly, while water quality was measured biweekly. Treatment T3 (1L: 2T) had a significantly (p < .05) higher survival (L = 49% and T = 87%), compared to T2 (L = 31% and T = 69%, 2L: 1T).O. niloticusmonoculture treatment (T4) exhibited a significantly higher survival (p < .05) and higher growth (80%; 79 ± 20.04 g) thanL. victorianusmonoculture (T1) (50%; 13.12 ± 4.49 g). Dawn and afternoon temperatures ranged between 20.16–24.49°C and 23.76–31.07°C, respectively. The lowest temperatures were recorded in the months of June, July and August. TheNH3concentration was zero at 14:00 hr for all treatments throughout the growth period, but significantly higher (p < .05) in T1 at 06:00 hr. ThepHandDOlevels at 06:00 hr and 14:00 hr were significantly different in all the treatments (p < .05). The slow growth ofL. victorianuscan be associated with the low temperatures andDOlevels. However, there is need to identify other factors that may have contributed to the poor growth ofL. victorianus. Accordingly, this study recommendsL. victorianusgrowth trials in other culture systems, coupled with different feed formulations, to identify optimal culture conditions.
The predictability of genomic changes underlying a recent host shift in Melissa blue butterflies
Authors: Chaturvedi Samridhi , Lucas Lauren K. , Nice Chris C. , Fordyce James A. , Forister Matthew L. , Gompert Zachariah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite accumulating evidence that evolution can be predictable, studies quantifying the predictability of evolution remain rare. Here, we measured the predictability of genome‐wide evolutionary changes associated with a recent host shift in the Melissa blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa). We asked whether and to what extent genome‐wide patterns of evolutionary change in nature could be predicted (i) by comparisons among instances of repeated evolution and (ii) from SNP × performance associations in a laboratory experiment. We delineated the genetic loci (SNPs) most strongly associated with host use in two L. melissa lineages that colonized alfalfa. Whereas most SNPs were strongly associated with host use in none or one of these lineages, we detected a an approximately twofold excess of SNPs associated with host use in both lineages. Similarly, we found that host‐associated SNPs in nature could also be partially predicted from SNP × performance (survival and weight) associations in a laboratory rearing experiment. But the extent of overlap, and thus degree of predictability, was somewhat reduced. Although we were able to predict (to a modest extent) the SNPs most strongly associated with host use in nature (in terms of parallelism and from the experiment), we had little to no ability to predict the direction of evolutionary change during the colonization of alfalfa. Our results show that different aspects of evolution associated with recent adaptation can be more or less predictable and highlight how stochastic and deterministic processes interact to drive patterns of genome‐wide evolutionary change.
Nitrogen supply exerts a major/minor switch between two QTLs controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae spore content in rapeseed
Authors: Aigu Y. , Laperche A. , Mendes J. , Lariagon C. , Guichard S. , Gravot A. , Manzanares‐Dauleux M. J. 
Published: April 2018

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a worldwide disease affecting Brassica. Until now, the detection of genetic factors (QTLs) implicated in clubroot resistance has been based on estimates of disease index. However, as the amount of resting spores released in soil after club disintegration influences clubroot epidemics and resistance‐breaking dynamics, its genetic control may deserve specific attention. In a previous report, it was shown that nitrogen fertilization modulated quantitative partial resistance toward clubroot symptom development in rapeseed. The present work aimed to identify genetic factors involved in the control of resting spore production and to assess their regulation by nitrogen supply. A flow cytometer method was adapted for rapidly estimating resting spore content in a large series of samples. Linkage analysis was conducted to detect QTLs implicated in resting spore production in a Brassica napus doubled haploid progeny from the cross Darmor‐bzh × Yudal. DH lines inoculated with the P. brassicae isolate eH were grown under low‐ and high‐nitrogen supply. Under low‐nitrogen conditions, resting spore production was reduced compared to high‐nitrogen conditions, regardless of genotypes. Genetic architecture controlling resting spore production and clubroot symptom development was similar. Under high‐nitrogen conditions, resting spore production was controlled by one major QTL (C09a) and a few small‐effect QTLs. By contrast, two major QTLs (C02 and C09a) controlled resting spore production under low‐nitrogen conditions. This work highlighted a large see‐saw effect between the relative contribution of the C09a QTL (high effect under high‐nitrogen conditions) and the C02 QTL (high effect under low‐nitrogen conditions), with possible implications in resistance breeding.
A Successful (Yet Somewhat Untested) Case of Disaster Financing: Terrorism Insurance Under TRIA, 2002–2020
Authors: Michel‐Kerjan Erwann , Kunreuther Howard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) established a public–private partnership between the U.S. federal government, private insurers, and all commercial enterprises operating on U.S. soil. Renewed and modified in January 2015 until December 2020, the TRIA program requires insurers to offer terrorism insurance to their commercial policyholders while providing insurers with free up‐front financial protection up to $100 billion against terrorist attacks in the United States. With the federal government providing a financial safety net, the private insurance sector can offer coverage against an uncertain risk that would otherwise be largely considered uninsurable, thus making terrorism insurance widely available and affordable. TRIA is a successful case of public–private disaster risk financing that has received bipartisan political support. Yet it remains untested for large losses and it is unclear how the market and policymakers will react should another large‐scale insured loss occur. TRIA also raises concerns about the indemnification of individual victims of a terrorist attack (in addition to workers’ compensation).