bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Material Selection for Thermal Inflow Control Device Manufacturing to Minimize the Silica and Calcium Carbonate Scaling Potential
Authors: Qiu Xiaoyong , Pan Minfei , Gong Lu , Huang Jun , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Sabbagh Reza , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Sutton Colby , Luo Jing-Li , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Application of inflow control devices (ICDs) in a thermal producer has proven to be an effective solution to increase the wellbore performance and reduce production problems such as steam breakthrough. In challenging areas where the potential for scaling is greater, there is concern that the ICD could plug. Often, operators face severe nozzle plugging nozzles with silica and calcium carbonate scales. This work is intended to investigate the relative resistance of various materials to silica or calcium carbonate scaling. Bulk scaling tests on four types of coupons (4140 carbon steel, EN30B alloy steel, and two proprietary grades, proRC05 and proRS06) were conducted in the solution with similar chemical composition of common produced water in steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), cyclic steam stimulation, and steamflood projects in Western Canada. Both silica scaling and calcium carbonate scaling tests were carried out to evaluate the anti-scaling performance of the material commonly used in manufacturing ICDs for these projects. The microstructure of the scale on the coupons after scaling tests were completed was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Force measurement using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique was applied to interpret the microscopic interactions between different substrate surfaces and silica or calcium carbonate particles. The detailed investigation on evaluating the scaling resistance of different materials provides useful insights into the selection of suitable materials for projects where scaling exists as a major problem.
Reducing Operational Cost and Accelerating Oil in a Thermal Field with Cyclic Steam Stimulation Operation in South Oman
Authors: Mahrazy Khalfan , Alwazeer Abdullah , Salhi Khalid 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Thermal recovery is becoming a main stream enhanced recovery method for heavy oil with unique challenges. The extreme nature of thermal recovery requires flexible and creative approach to address the unique challenges. One of the accepted recovery thermal methods is Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS). The thermal cycle starts with injection phase followed by soaking, and finally, production phase. Conversion from injection phase to production phase is considered a significant operational risk in addition to typical risks associated with oil production operations. The additional risk during the conversion to production from an injection cycle is due to the significant energy placement in the reservoir during steaming. If not controlled, high energy hydrocarbon fluids flowing back to surface can lead to loss of containment and harm to life or the environment.
Beam Pumps have been used predominantly in conjunction with insert down-hole pump and sucker rods. During injection phase, the well is operated as an injector without pumps or rods, and when the time comes to convert to a producer, rods and insert pumps are reinstalled. This conversion step from injector to producer is highest risk in the CSS well operation cycle.
After the injection cycle is completed, a significant energy is placed into the reservoir, the well is shut in for soaking period which is 1-3 days. Free flow is required after the shut in period to depressurize the well. Depressurization period extends in some cases to many weeks and would require killing the well where it's common that a well would not die off just by depressurization alone resulting in significant wait time. The amount of flow back and energy stored in the well is directly proportional to steam injection pressure and duration.
In many cases where well still retain some energy and pressure is still high for intervention, due to free flowing not subsiding, killing the well is utilized. Well killing procedures pose another set of challenges such as; pump start up challenges due to viscosity reduction, cost for brine mix and wrong pressure estimation leading to prolong interventions.
The challenges in CSS opened an opportunity for innovation where thermal wells could be attended for conversion with minimum rods taken out or rods added back in under high temperature and pressure. The new concept is a combination of dual rod Blow Out Preventer (BOP) and stripper seals set in series. A trial in November 2017 was conducted with positive results where the advantages of this innovation were clearly demonstrated. This paper is a summary of the design approach and the successful trial proving the concept.
Representative-Elementary-Volume Analysis of Two-Phase Flow in Layered Rocks
Authors: Sedaghat Mohammad H. , Azizmohammadi Siroos 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Geological/flow properties computed from a heterogeneous rock sample represent the properties of the entire medium if the size of the sample is larger than the size of the representative elementary volume (REV) of the rock. Among these properties, relative permeability is believed to have the most influence on multiphase-flow behavior. Therefore, much care must be taken to ensure that relative permeability has been computed beyond the REV size. However, in the literature, experimental and numerical evaluations of relative permeability are mostly performed without such care, and the saturation functions are calculated at different flow rates while the length of the sample remains the same.
In this work, a series of numerical simulations of waterflooding are performed in a model made of alternating parallel layers of two rock types. Upscaled relative permeabilities are computed on samples at different lengths, changing from millimeter to kilometer scale. Flow behavior for different samples is analyzed according to capillary, viscous, and gravity effects, which are monitored during the simulation.
Although the REV size for some properties such as porosity seems to be the smallest replica block (unit block), our results show that the REV for relative permeability follows a power-law trend and changes with flow rate and scale. More importantly, for the first time, it is shown that the REV size is not necessarily identical for different phases. It is also demonstrated that especially at small scales, breakthrough can occur at layers where it was not expected. This study identifies the range of the length scale for which either experimental or numerical determination of relative permeability is valid.
Wastewater treatment plant performance analysis using artificial intelligence – an ensemble approach
Authors: Nourani Vahid , Elkiran Gozen , Abba S. I. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the present study, three different artificial intelligence based non-linear models, i.e. feed forward neural network (FFNN), adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), support vector machine (SVM) approaches and a classical multi-linear regression (MLR) method were applied for predicting the performance of Nicosia wastewater treatment plant (NWWTP), in terms of effluent biological oxygen demand (BODeff), chemical oxygen demand (CODeff) and total nitrogen (TNeff). The daily data were used to develop single and ensemble models to improve the prediction ability of the methods. The obtained results of single models proved that, ANFIS model provides effective outcomes in comparison with single models. In the ensemble modeling, simple averaging ensemble, weighted averaging ensemble and neural network ensemble techniques were proposed subsequently to improve the performance of the single models. The results showed that in prediction of BODeff, the ensemble models of simple averaging ensemble (SAE), weighted averaging ensemble (WAE) and neural network ensemble (NNE), increased the performance efficiency of artificial intelligence (AI) modeling up to 14%, 20% and 24% at verification phase, respectively, and less than or equal to 5% for both CODeff and TNeff in calibration phase. This shows that NNE model is more robust and reliable ensemble method for predicting the NWWTP performance due to its non-linear averaging kernel.
Comparison of novel Ziziphus lotus adsorbent and industrial carbon on methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions
Authors: Msaad Asmaa , Belbahloul Mounir , El Hajjaji Samir , Zouhri Abdeljalil 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this work, the use of a novel low-cost adsorbent derived from Ziziphus lotus (ZL) and industrial carbon (IC) has been successfully applied to the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The efficiency of this material was studied through Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The process for the novel activated carbon and the IC were best represented by the pseudo-second-order rate model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the sorption equilibrium data. The Langmuir model turned out to be the most adequate and maximum capacities were measured to be 833.33 and 142.85 mg.g−1 for ZL activated carbon and IC from Sigma Aldrich, respectively. The thermodynamic study revealed that the sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic for the two adsorbents. To explain the effectiveness of MB removal, ZL activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Design and Discovery of New Antibacterial Agents: Advances, Perspectives, Challenges
Authors: Jampilek Josef 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Emerging resistance of bacterial pathogens to clinically used drugs, including
not only first-choice but also second- and third-choice drugs, is alarming, but since the 1990s only a
modest number of new, first in class, drugs for systemic administration have been marketed for the
treatment of bacterial infections.

Objective:
This article provides a review of recently reported new antibacterial chemotherapeutics approved
for clinical practice, antibacterial chemotherapeutics in clinical trials and antibacterial agents
under development.

Discussion: Antibacterial agents include new antibacterial compounds of used drug classes and new
antibacterial agents with a novel mode of action. In addition, particular attention is given to agents decreasing
bacterial resistance, i.e. to compounds that do not have significant intrinsic bacteriostatic or
bactericidal activity, but in combination with antibacterial drugs are able to restore the effect of these
drugs or demonstrate synergistic antibacterial properties together with the drugs.

Conclusion:
This review is specifically focused on small molecules rather than on peptides and discusses
a wide range of various molecular scaffolds.
Hair Loss Prevention by a Scalp Cooling Device in Early Breast Cancer Patients: The Poliambulanza Preliminary Experience
Authors: Prochilo Tiziana , Huscher Alessandra , Andreis Federica , Mirandola Mara , Zaina Elisabetta , Pomentale Barbara , Pedrali Chiara , Zanotti Laura , Mutti Stefano , Zaniboni Alberto 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The most effective agents in the treatment of breast cancer have a common
side effect, the hair loss. Some studies reported a reduction of hair loss with the use of the scalp cooling
device. Indeed, it decreases the drug accumulation in the hair follicles. We report our preliminary
experience with a scalp cooling device in reducing chemotherapy-induced alopecia and related distress
in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Methods: Hair loss grading and treatment tolerability were evaluated during chemotherapy every 21
days and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy via Dean’s scale by patients and operators and
a comfort analogic scale by patients. We administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
questionnaire at the baseline and at the end of treatment to assess the distress related to chemotherapy-
induced alopecia.

Results:
Among the 46 patients identified, 27 accepted the device. The eligible chemotherapy regimens
included docetaxel+cyclophosphamide (TC), doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) and
paclitaxel (P) weekly+trastuzumab (T). 24 pts (89%) completed the treatment; 3 pts (11%) treated
with AC prematurely interrupted use of the scalp-cooling device due to inefficacy. After the last cycle
of chemotherapy, the number of patient who perceived a HL < grade 2 was 16 (59%). The hair
retention reported by operators has been higher (78%). 81.5% of patients well tolerated the treatment.

Conclusion:
In our study, the scalp-cooling device reduced chemotherapy-induced alopecia in taxane-
based chemotherapy. Furthermore, it suggests a discordance in hair loss perception between patients
and operators.
Association Between Pulmonary Hypertension and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Analysis of a Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Zoltowska Dominika M. , Agrawal Yashwant , Patel Nilesh , Sareen Nishtha , Kalavakunta Jagadeesh K. , Gupta Vishal , Halabi Abdul 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: This study was done to review the association of pulmonary hypertension
(PH) with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) procedures done in the US for years
2010 to 2012.
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Methods: We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data to extract data for patients who were
hospitalized with a primary/secondary diagnosis of TAVR as specified by International Classification
of Disease (ICD-9) codes 35.05 and 35.06. PH was identified with ICD-9 codes 416.0 and 416.8.
Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between PH and clinical outcomes
of TAVR.

Results:
A total of 8,824 weighted discharges were identified with a primary/secondary diagnosis of
TAVR, of which 1,976 (22.4%) also had PH. Mean age of patients undergoing TAVR with and
without PH was 81.4 and 81.1 years, respectively. More females had a diagnosis of PH with TAVR
when compared to males, (56.9% vs. 43.1). When controlling for demographics, diabetes and hypertension;
the association between PH and TAVR was statistically significant (p<.0001). Estimated
odds of TAVR with PH was 5.46 (95% CI: 4.63, 6.41) times greater than for TAVR without PH.
Similarly, the estimated odds for a length of stay greater than 1 week for TAVR with PH was 1.43
(95% CI: 1.12, 1.82; p=.0034) times greater than odds for TAVR without PH. PH was not statistically
significant for in-hospital mortality in patients receiving TAVR (p=0.7067).

Conclusion:
This study suggests that underlying PH does not influence the immediate mortality of
patients underlying TAVR. Further studies are needed to delve into the bearing of PH on TAVR.
Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review
Authors: Hussain Hidayat , Green Ivan R. , Saleem Muhammad , Khattak Khanzadi F. , Irshad Muhammad , Ali Maroof 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide
range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources
and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its
cytotoxic effects.

Objective:
his review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic
analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to
cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to
this important class of natural products.

Methods:
The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases.

Results:
Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D
which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated
from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)-
OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether
groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity.

Conclusion:
The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them
attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with
other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe
that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers,
heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the
published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen
to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.
Antitumor Potential of Berberine and Cinnamic Acid against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Almeer Rafa S. , Aref Ahmed M. , Hussein Romisa A. , Othman Mohamed S. , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Berberine and cinnamic acid are natural compounds that exhibit potent anticancer activities
through distinct molecular mechanisms.

Objective:
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the proapoptotic potential of cinnamic acid and berberine in
cancer cells by examining their effect on the expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes. Moreover, the effects
of berberine and cinnamic acid on the antitumor activity of cisplatin were investigated in Ehrlich solid tumor-bearing
mice.

Methods:
For the study, 90 male mice were inoculated intramuscularly with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (2.5 ×
106/mouse), and then on day 4, mice were randomly divided into six experimental groups (group 1-untreated Ehrlich
solid tumor (EST), group 2-EST treated CDDP, group 3-EST treated CA, group 4-EST treated BER, group 5-EST
treated CA + CDDP, and group 6-EST treated BER + CDDP).

Results:
The results showed that berberine and cinnamic acid significantly decreased tumor growth and tumor volume
(-74.8 and -75.5%, respectively) both as single agents and in combination with cisplatin. Moreover, both berberine and
cinnamic acid increased the ratio of tumor growth inhibition (-91.5 and -92.6%, respectively), mean survival time (61.5
and 26 days, respectively), and percentage increase in lifespan (559 and 263%, respectively) of the treated mice. Our
results also showed that both berberine and cinnamic acid-induced apoptosis by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (74.1
and 45.1, respectively) and caspase-3 expression (14.3- and 11.6-fold increase, respectively). Additionally, berberine
and cinnamic acid decreased oxidative stress markers, as shown by the decrease in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide
levels and an increase in reduced glutathione level.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that berberine and cinnamic acid have potential as antitumor and antioxidant agents
derived from natural sources, which could be used alone or in combination with regular chemotherapeutic agents, such
as cisplatin. These effects could be attributed to the proapoptotic activity of berberine and cinnamic acid.
Integrins as A New Target for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Łasiñska Izabela , Mackiewicz Jacek 
Published: November 2018

:Despite the great progress in the development of targeted therapies for different types of cancer utilizing monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab for colorectal cancer and head and neck cancer therapy), kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib for kidney cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumours therapy), and immunomodulatory treatments (e.g., nivolumab and pembrolizumab for melanoma therapy and lung cancer therapy), there is still a need to search for new, more effective treatments.:Integrins are responsible for intercellular adhesion and interaction with the cellular matrix. The function of integrins is related to the transduction of intracellular signals associated with adhesion, migration, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Molecules targeting integrins that lead to cancer cell death have been developed. The most advanced molecules studied in clinical trials are abituzumab, intetumumab and cilengitide. There are different groups of anti-integrin drugs: monoclonal antibodies (e.g., abituzumab) and other such as cilengitide, E7820 and MK-0429. These drugs have been evaluated in various cancer types. However, they have shown modest efficacy, and none of them have yet been approved for cancer treatment. Studies have shown that patient selection using biomarkers might improve the efficacy of anti-integrin cancer treatment. Many preclinical models have demonstrated promising results using integrin visualization for cancer detection and treatment efficacy monitoring; however, these strategies require further evaluation in humans.
Корреляционный параметр Хейвена для диффузии фтора в супериониках La-=SUB=-1-y-=/SUB=-Sr-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-F-=SUB=-3-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Сорокин Н.И. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe processes of electric charge transfer (conductivity) and mass transfer (diffusion) in La_1 ‒ _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y superionic conductors are determined by mobile fluorine ions. The fluorine random-diffusion coefficients D _σ have been calculated from experimental data on the ionic conductivity σ_ dc for La_1 ‒ _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y single crystals at the SrF_2 dopant contents of 1, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mol %. A maximum in the region of 3–5 mol % SrF_2 is observed in the dependence D _σ( y ). The value of the Haven correlation parameter H _ r = D _NMR/ D _σ ( D _NMR is the fluorine diffusion coefficient measured by NMR on ^19F nuclei) is determined; it characterizes the ion transport mechanism in La_1 – _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y crystals. The H _ r values are 0.75 ± 0.15, 0.45 ± 0.15, and 0.65 ± 0.15 at 400–800 K for 1, 3, and 15–16 mol % SrF_2, respectively. Superionic conductor La_0.97Sr_0.03F_2.97 with maximum σ_ dc and D _σ values has a minimum Haven parameter. The obtained H _ r values indicate that fluorine diffusion in superionic conductors La_1 – _ y Sr_ y F_3 – _ y goes not according to the vacancy mechanism involving single vacancies but by cooperative motion of F^– conduction ions.
Влияние кобальта на кристаллическую структуру и магнетизм электрон-допированного оксида Sr-=SUB=-0.8-=/SUB=-Ce-=SUB=-0.2-=/SUB=-MnO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Базуев Г.В. , Чупахина Т.И. , Королев А.В. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Sr_0.8Ce_0.2Mn_1 – _ y Co_ y O_3 – δ ( y = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) complex oxides with the perovskite structure obtained from simple oxides by the solid–state reaction technique have been examined using structural analysis and magnetic measurements. Substitution of Co for Mn in the dilute Sr_0.8Ce_0.2MnO_3 antiferromagnet with a Néel temperature of T _N = 210 K leads to a decrease in the degree of tetragonal distortion of the crystal structure and transition to the cubic cell. The degeneracy of the antiferromagnetic interaction ( T _N = 138 K at y = 0.2) observed at the first stage of the substitution of Co for Mn changes for its gradual enhancement with an increase in the magnetic transformation temperature up to 239 K at y = 0.6. An increase in the Co content weakens the competition between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings and reduces the temperature of the transition to the spin-glass-like state. The magnetic inhomogeneity and formation of Co^2+–Mn^4+ ferromagnetic clusters in Sr_0.8Ce_0.2Mn_0.4Co_0.6O_2.69 at 140 K have been observed.