bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid neuroinflammatory changes in human acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Shtaya Anan , Bridges Leslie R. , Esiri Margaret M. , Lam‐Wong Joanne , Nicoll James A. R. , Boche Delphine , Hainsworth Atticus H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveSpontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the commonest form of hemorrhagic stroke and is associated with a poor prognosis. Neurosurgical removal of intracerebral hematoma has limited benefit and no pharmacotherapies are available. In acute ICH, primary tissue damage is followed by secondary pathology, where the cellular and neuroinflammatory changes are poorly understood.MethodsWe studied histological changes inpostmortemtissue from a cohort of spontaneous supra‐tentorial primary ICH cases (n = 27) with survival of 1–12 days, compared to a matched control group (n = 16) examined in corresponding regions. Hematoxylin–eosin and microglial (Iba1) immunolabelled sections were assessed at 0–2, 3–5, and 7–12 days post‐ICH.ResultsPeri‐hematoma, the observed ICH‐related changes include edema, tissue neutrophils and macrophages from day 1. Ischemic neurons and swollen endothelial cells were common at day 1 and universal after day 5, as were intramural erythrocytes within small vessel walls. Activated microglia were evident at day 1 post‐ICH. There was a significant increase in Iba1 positive area fraction at 0–2 (threefold), 3–5 (fourfold), and 7–12 days post ICH (ninefold) relative to controls. Giant microglia were detected peri‐hematoma from day 5 and consistently 7–12 days post‐ICH.InterpretationOur data indicate that neuroinflammatory processes commence from day 1 post‐ICH with changing microglial size and morphology following ICH and up to day 12. From day 5 some microglia exhibit a novel multiply nucleated morphology, which may be related to changing phagocytic function. Understanding the time course of neuroinflammatory changes, post‐ICH may reveal novel targets for therapy and brain restoration.
Ferritin to Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Ratio: Simple Measure to Identify Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Eloseily Esraa M. A. , Minoia Francesca , Crayne Courtney B. , Beukelman Timothy , Ravelli Angelo , Cron Randy Q. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life‐threatening complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). Early diagnosis is critical. Classification criteria for MAS in sJIA perform less well in the setting of cytokine‐directed therapies. The goal herein was to explore a simple ratio of serum ferritin to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for diagnosis of MAS in the setting of sJIA, and to assess ferritin alone as a screening tool for identifying MAS of multiple etiologies.MethodsData from a large international cohort of sJIA patients with and without MAS, and from hospitalized patients with systemic infection (SI), were assessed for the ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone to identify MAS among sJIA patients. Moreover, data from a smaller cohort of MAS patients associated with multiple etiologies and febrile hospitalized controls were explored. For both cohorts and controls, receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) for the ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone were constructed, and areas under the curves (AUCs) were calculated. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal ferritin:ESR ratio and ferritin alone cut points for diagnosis.ResultsA ferritin:ESR ratio of 21.5 was 82% sensitive and 78% specific for diagnosing sJIA‐MAS versus active sJIA without MAS. Ferritin alone with a set sensitivity of 95% (screening tool) had an 89.3% specificity of identifying all‐cause MAS versus febrile hospitalized children.ConclusionThe ferritin:ESR ratio is a practical tool for diagnosing MAS among sJIA patients, and serum ferritin alone is a remarkable screening tool for identifying MAS among febrile hospitalized children.
Revelation of Inherently High Mobility Enables Mg3Sb2 as a Sustainable Alternative to n‐Bi2Te3 Thermoelectrics
Authors: Shi Xuemin , Sun Cheng , Bu Zhonglin , Zhang Xinyue , Wu Yixuan , Lin Siqi , Li Wen , Faghaninia Alireza , Jain Anubhav , Pei Yanzhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past years, thermoelectric Mg3Sb2 alloys particularly in n‐type conduction, have attracted increasing attentions for thermoelectric applications, due to the multivalley conduction band, abundance of constituents, and less toxicity. However, the high vapor pressure, causticity of Mg, and the high melting point of Mg3Sb2 tend to cause the inclusion in the materials of boundary phases and defects that affect the transport properties. In this work, a utilization of tantalum‐sealing for melting enables n‐type Mg3Sb2 alloys to show a substantially higher mobility than ever reported, which can be attributed to the purification of phases and to the coarse grains. Importantly, the inherently high mobility successfully enables the thermoelectric figure of merit in optimal compositions to be highly competitive to that of commercially available n‐type Bi2Te3 alloys and to be higher than that of other known n‐type thermoelectrics at 300–500 K. This work reveals Mg3Sb2 alloys as a top candidate for near‐room‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
Sn‐Based Perovskite for Highly Sensitive Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Chun‐Ki , Tai Qidong , Wang Naixiang , Tang Guanqi , Loi Hok‐Leung , Yan Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as promising functional materials for high‐performance photodetectors. However, the toxicity of Pb and the lack of internal gain mechanism in typical perovskites significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, a low‐voltage and high‐performance photodetector based on a single layer of lead‐free Sn‐based perovskite film is reported. The device shows broadband response from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light with a responsivity up to 105 A W−1 and a high gain at a low operating voltage. The outstanding performance is attributed to the high hole mobility, p‐doping nature, and excellent optoelectronic properties of the Sn‐based perovskite. Moreover, the device is assembled on a flexible substrate and demonstrates both high sensitivity and good bending stability. This work demonstrates a route for realizing nontoxic, low‐cost, and high‐performance perovskite photodetectors with a simple device structure.
GATA6 mutations: Characterization of two novel patients and a comprehensive overview of the GATA6 genotypic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Škorić‐Milosavljević Doris , Tjong Fleur V. Y. , Barc Julien , Backx Ad P. C. M. , Clur Sally‐Ann B. , van Spaendonck‐Zwarts Karin , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Lahrouchi Najim , Beekman Leander , Bökenkamp Regina , Barge‐Schaapveld Daniela Q. C. M. , Mulder Barbara J. , Lodder Elisabeth M. , Bezzina Connie R. , Postma Alex V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe first human mutations in GATA6 were described in a cohort of patients with persistent truncus arteriosus, and the phenotypic spectrum has expanded since then. This study underscores the broad phenotypic spectrum by presenting two patients with de novo GATA6 mutations, both exhibiting complex cardiac defects, pancreatic, and other abnormalities. Furthermore, we provided a detailed overview of all published human genetic variation in/near GATA6 published to date and the associated phenotypes (n = 78). We conclude that the most common phenotypes associated with a mutation in GATA6 were structural cardiac and pancreatic abnormalities, with a penetrance of 87 and 60%, respectively. Other common malformations were gallbladder agenesis, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and neurocognitive abnormalities, mostly developmental delay. Fifty‐eight percent of the mutations were de novo, and these patients more often had an anomaly of intracardiac connections, an anomaly of the great arteries, and hypothyroidism, compared with those with inherited mutations. Functional studies mostly support loss‐of‐function as the pathophysiological mechanism. In conclusion, GATA6 mutations give a wide range of phenotypic defects, most frequently malformations of the heart and pancreas. This highlights the importance of detailed clinical evaluation of identified carriers to evaluate their full phenotypic spectrum.
Deaths of people with serious mental disorder: An exploration of deaths in custody and fatal police contacts
Authors: Crissman Belinda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeople with serious mental disorders (PSMDs) are overrepresented both in prison deaths and during fatal encounters with the police in the community (deaths after police contact, DAPC). To identify common factors present across cases of	who died during contact with the criminal justice system in Queensland, publicly available coroners reports were analysed (N = 38). The findings of the study indicated psychosis and mood disorders were the most common diagnosis in incarcerated PSMD deaths, and suicide was the most common cause of death for incarcerated PSMDs. Within incarcerated settings, access to healthcare records, medication compliance, risk assessment and monitoring, and safe housing of at‐risk prisoners may be potential areas to explore with regard to prevention. Similarly, PSMD DAPCs were more likely to be experiencing mood or psychosis disorders than other forms of mental disorder, and suicide and police shootings were the most common causes of death. In PSMD DAPC, inadequate mental health access, treatment noncompliance and comorbid substance use were included as potential areas that could direct research efforts toward prevention.
Selective Late‐Stage Oxygenation of Sulfides with Ground‐State Oxygen by Uranyl Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yiming , Rizvi S. Aal‐e‐Ali , Hu Deqing , Sun Danwen , Gao Anhui , Zhou Yubo , Li Jia , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxygenation is a fundamental transformation in synthesis. Herein, we describe the selective late‐stage oxygenation of sulfur‐containing complex molecules with ground‐state oxygen under ambient conditions. The high oxidation potential of the active uranyl cation (UO22+) enabled the efficient synthesis of sulfones. The ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer process (LMCT) from O 2p to U 5f within the O=U=O group, which generates a UV center and an oxygen radical, is assumed to be affected by the solvent and additives, and can be tuned to promote selective sulfoxidation. This tunable strategy enabled the batch synthesis of 32 pharmaceuticals and analogues by late‐stage oxygenation in an atom‐ and step‐efficient manner.
Nickel/NHC‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C−H Alkylation of Fluoroarenes with Alkenes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorotetralins
Authors: Cai Yuan , Ye Xiaodong , Liu Sheng , Shi Shi‐Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChiral polyfluoroarene derivatives are an important scaffold in chemistry. An unprecedented enantioselective C−H alkylation of polyfluoroarenes with alkenes is described. The reaction employs bulky chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands for nickel catalysts to enable exclusive activation of C−H bonds over C−F bonds and complete endo‐selective C−H annulation and excellent enantioselectivity. A wide variety of chiral fluorotetralins, compounds otherwise difficultly accessed but serve as important bioisosteric analogs of both tetralin and heterocycle units for drug design, are expediently synthesized from easily available substrates. To our knowledge, this is the first example of catalytic enantioselective C−H functionalization of polyfluoroarenes.
A Four‐Electron Sulfur Electrode Hosting a Cu2+/Cu+ Redox Charge Carrier
Authors: Wu Xianyong , Markir Aaron , Ma Lu , Xu Yunkai , Jiang Heng , Leonard Daniel P. , Shin Woochul , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe elemental sulfur electrode with Cu2+ as the charge carrier gives a four‐electron sulfur electrode reaction through the sequential conversion of S↔CuS↔Cu2S. The Cu‐S redox‐ion electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 3044 mAh g−1 based on the sulfur mass or 609 mAh g−1 based on the mass of Cu2S, the completely discharged product, and displays an unprecedently high potential of sulfur/metal sulfide reduction at 0.5 V vs. SHE. The Cu‐S electrode also exhibits an extremely low extent of polarization of 0.05 V and an outstanding cycle number of 1200 cycles retaining 72 % of the initial capacity at 12.5 A g−1. The remarkable utility of this Cu‐S cathode is further demonstrated in a hybrid cell that employs an Zn metal anode and an anion‐exchange membrane as the separator, which yields an average cell discharge voltage of 1.15 V, the half‐cell specific energy of 547 Wh kg−1 based on the mass of the Cu2S/carbon composite cathode, and stable cycling over 110 cycles.
Mechanical and thermal insulation properties of isocyanate crosslinked resorcinol formaldehyde aerogel: Effect of isocyanate structure
Authors: Aghabararpour Mohammad , Mohsenpour Mahsa , Motahari Siamak , Ghahreman Ahmad 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, the mechanical and thermal properties of resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) aerogels were improved using two different crosslinkers including hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The crosslinking was performed after the aerogel drying process, with two concentrations of crosslinking agent. The formation of urethane linkages was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The effect of crosslinking process and crosslinking agent type on the mechanical properties was analyzed by compression, bending, and impact tests. The improvement of mechanical strength was attributed to the neck thickness, which was studied by atomic force microscopic test. The results revealed that a higher improvement was obtained by increasing the crosslinking agent value. HDI crosslinked aerogel represented the highest strain‐at‐break and MDI‐reinforced sample showed the highest strength. By crosslinking, the samples density was increased <59% and the reduced compressive strength was enhanced upto eight times. The effect of crosslinking on the thermal conductivity was explored. The increment of neck size and density enhanced the solid conductivity and, consequently, raised the thermal conductivity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48196.
Synthesis and evaluation of high‐temperature properties of butylated graphene oxide composite incorporated SBS (C4H9‐GO/SBS)‐modified asphalt
Authors: Duan Shaochan , Li Jing , Muhammad Yaseen , Su Zhibin , Meng Fei , Yang Hongquan , Yao Xiaoli 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGraphene nanoparticles (GNPs) added styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS)‐modified asphalt suffers from serious compatibility and agglomeration problems. To tackle these problems, in this study, graphene oxide (GO) was mixed with bromobutane to synthesize butylated graphene oxide (C4H9‐GO) composite, which was in turn compounded with SBS for the preparation of C4H9‐GO/SBS‐modified asphalt. C4H9‐GO/SBS‐1.0‐modified asphalt exhibited the best performance in terms of 11.4% increased softening point, 19.3% increased ductility, and 10.2% reduction in penetration as compared to 5% SBS‐modified asphalt. Dynamic shear rheometer and multistress creep recovery tests showed that at 1.0% C4H9‐GO contents, C4H9‐GO/SBS composite‐modified asphalt exhibited the best high‐temperature performance and low stress sensitivity. Microscopic characterization of C4H9‐GO via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy revealed successful bonding between C4H9and GO, increasing interlayer spacing in GO. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the superior elasticity of C4H9‐GO than GNPs. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that C4H9‐GO sheets can be stabilized by SBS through π–π stacking with the polystyrene chains. This study awarded to the preparation of novel C4H9‐GO/SBS‐modified asphalt with superior mechanical property can be deemed of potential value and applications in construction and highway industries. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48231.
Harnessing irreversible thermal strain for shape memory in polymer additive manufacturing
Authors: D'Amico Tone P. , Barrett Connor , Presing Joseph , Patnayakuni Roshni , Pourali Masoumeh , Peterson Amy M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTShape transformation upon annealing of fused filament fabrication additively manufacturing structures is investigated as a one‐way shape memory strategy using commodity thermoplastics. Irreversible thermal strain, which is a measurement of shape transformation upon annealing, is shown to depend on both raster angle and layer thickness, both of which are parameters than can be easily adjusted on most FFF printers. We present an algorithm based on our understanding of the underlying micromechanics of the system that allows for input of desired final dimensions and output the necessary print parameters. We also demonstrate that this approach is extensible to other materials and report more complex shape memory geometries. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48239.
Empirical model to simulate morphology of electrospun polycaprolactone mats
Authors: Yousefi S. H. , Tang C. , Tafreshi H. Vahedi , Pourdeyhimi B. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis work is the first to report a study aimed at generating 3D virtual geometries that represent the microstructure of an electrospun fibrous mat comprised curly fibers. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mats are considered in our study as an example of such fibrous structures. We started with simulating the formation of PCL filaments and observed good agreement between the predicted and measured fiber diameters. In the absence of quantitative information about the shape of a curly PCL fiber, we treated these fibers as arrays of beads arranged on epitrochoid profiles. We then used the fiber deposition diameter and velocity in a mass‐spring‐damper (MSD) model to generate 3D fibrous geometries comprised hundreds of such curly fibers. The damping and spring constants in the MSD model were obtained through calibration with experimental data reported for single electrospun PCL nanofibers. The size of the epitrochoid‐like fibers was obtained empirically through matching the average thickness of the resulting mats with those measured experimentally. With the calibrated code, we studied the effects of electrospinning conditions on the porosity of PCL nanofiber mats. It was found that increasing the voltage or decreasing the needle‐to‐collector distance results in PCL mats with thicker fibers, and consequently, lower porosities. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48242.
Synthesis of poly(4, 4′‐biphenylene sulfonyl succinamide)‐polysulfone blend membranes for removal of toxic metal ions from water
Authors: Subrahmanya T. M. , Naik Nagaraj S. , Padaki Mahesh , Geetha Balakrishna R. , Jyothi M. S. , Yadav Sudesh , Hung Wei‐Song 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTA novel polymer poly(4,4′‐biphenylene sulfonyl succinamide) (PBSS) was synthesized via polycondensation reaction. Succinyl chloride and 4‐aminophenyl sulfone were used as reactive monomers and anhydrous AlCl3 was used as a catalyst. Both polysulfone (PSf) and PBSS were dissolved in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) at different compositions to obtain a homogeneous solution to fabricate PSf‐PBSS blend membranes. The structure of PBSS was characterized by ATR‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties of PBSS were analyzed by TGA‐DTA. Mechanical properties and morphology of blend membranes were analyzed by universal testing machines and field emission scanning electron microscope, respectively. The hydrophilicity of blend membranes with respect to the concentration of PBSS was studied by contact angle and water uptake studies. Upon blending, the hydrophilicity of PSf‐PBSS membranes drastically increased due to the presence of large number of amide and sulfonyl groups in the matrix. The blend membranes exhibited significant increase in water flux from 100 L m−2 h to 650 L m−2 h−1, and rejection of 100% for Pb(II) and 80% for both Cd(II) and As(III) toxic heavy metal ions. The hydrophilic nature of CONH and inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding among PBSS polymer chains dispersed within rigid PSf matrix imparts softness, amide and sulfonyl groups enhance interconnected porosity and hydrophilicity of blend membranes. Hence, PBSS may serve as a low‐cost novel polymeric additive for water purification and separation membrane applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48254.
Dodecylbenzene‐modified graphite oxide via π‐π interaction to reinforce EPDM
Authors: Fu Wen , Wang Li , Luo Jun‐lin , Deng Jian‐yi , Liu Quan‐wen 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe surface modification of graphene oxide was carried out with dodecylbenzene, and the π‐π noncovalent interaction was introduced between the interfaces of graphene oxide and dodecylbenzene. The modified graphene oxide was added to ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer by mechanical blending, and then the ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/modified graphene oxide vulcanizate was prepared. The results show that the dodecylbenzene loading rate on the surface of graphene oxide was about 40%. The addition of the graphene oxide and the modified graphene oxide was both beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer, but the effect of the modified graphene oxide was better. The addition of graphene oxide would cause the glass transition temperature of vulcanizate to shift toward higher temperature. However, the addition of modified graphene oxide would result in the glass transition temperature of vulcanizate to shift toward lower temperature. The tensile strength and elongation at break of vulcanizate would be improved simultaneously with the addition of modified graphene oxide. The reason was related to the slipping of dodecylbenzene on the surface of graphene oxide and the destruction of π‐π non‐covalent bonds at dodecylbenzene‐graphene oxide interfaces. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48261.
Modification of epoxidized natural rubber as a PLA toughening agent
Authors: Sathornluck Supawan , Choochottiros Chantiga 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn the present study, the modification of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was investigated to improve toughness of PLA. ENR‐PLA copolymers were synthesized by 2 steps reactions. Acid hydrolysis of ENR to prepare macroinitiator (ENR‐OH) and copolymerization with lactide to obtain ENR‐PLA copolymers. The reaction time of acid hydrolysis and the lactide monomer loading was investigated. The optimum conditions were 8 h acid hydrolysis with 5wt% lactide loading to obtain ENR8‐PLA5 copolymers. A series of samples of PLA blended with ENR‐PLA copolymers was prepared using melt‐blending. The blend of PLA with ENR8‐PLA5 copolymers at 1 phr substantially improved the tensile properties. The elongation at break was increased 67%, and toughness was increased 64% compared to neat PLA. These results indicate that ENR8‐PLA5 has potential as toughening agent for PLA. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48267.