bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity Prevention Interventions and Implications for Energy Balance in the United States and Mexico: A Systematic Review of the Evidence and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Richardson Andrea S. , Chen Christine , Sturm Roland , Azhar Gulrez , Miles Jeremy , Larkin Jody , Motala Aneesa , Hempel Susanne 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveObesity is preventable and yet continues to be a major risk factor for chronic disease. Multiple prevention approaches have been proposed across multiple settings where people live, work, learn, worship, and play. This review searched the vast literature on obesity prevention interventions to assess their effects on daily energy consumed and energy expended.MethodsThis systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42017077083) searched seven databases for systematic reviews and studies reporting energy intake and expenditure. Two independent reviewers screened 5,977 citations; data abstraction supported an evidence map, comprehensive evidence tables, and meta‐analysis; critical appraisal assessed risk of bias; and the quality of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).ResultsHundreds of published reviews were identified. However, few studies reported on energy intake and expenditure to determine intervention success. Ninety‐nine studies across all intervention domains were identified. Few areas demonstrated statistically significant effects across studies; school‐based approaches and health care initiatives reduced energy consumed, education reduced energy consumed and increased energy expended, and social‐group approaches increased energy expenditure.ConclusionsDespite the amount of research on obesity prevention interventions, very few studies have provided relevant information on energy intake and expenditure, two factors determining weight gain. Future research needs to fill this gap to identify successful public health policies.
Long‐term thermal conductivity of cyclopentane–water blown rigid polyurethane foams reinforced with different types of fillers
Authors: Santiago‐Calvo Mercedes , Tirado‐Mediavilla Josías , Ruiz‐Herrero José Luis , Villafañe Fernando , Rodríguez‐Pérez Miguel Ángel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn understanding of the long‐term thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams presents great interest in the building field considering the conservation of energy efficiency. In this study, the effect of different types of particles (talc, diatomaceous earth and non‐porous silica) on the thermal conductivity of RPU foams blown with cyclopentane and water as blowing agents was investigated during 3 years of aging. The characterization of the cellular structure shows how the addition of particles causes a cell size reduction of the foams, and consequently an enhancement of the thermal properties just after production. However, this initial reduction is not maintained, because each foam shows a different thermal conductivity evolution with time. We have found, for the first time, a relationship between the slope of the thermal conductivityversustime at the first measurements and the internal temperature reached during the foaming process. The evolution of the RPU foams in which higher internal temperatures were reached is more pronounced than in those RPU foams where lower foaming temperatures were observed. This effect is related to the kinetics of the diffusion of the gas occluded inside the cells and imposes a new criterion for the selection of particles to reduce the thermal conductivity of RPU foams; these additives should ideally decrease the temperature reached during the foaming process. Moreover, the effect of aging on the thermal conductivity is explained by using theoretical models. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The relationship between anger regulation, mood, pain, and pain‐related disability in women treated for breast cancer
Authors: Sipilä Reetta , Hintsa Taina , Lipsanen Jari , Tasmuth Tiina , Estlander Ann‐Mari , Kalso Eija 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveAnger, depressive symptoms, and anxiety are known reactions to cancer and suggested to modulate pain experience. We examined the association between anger regulation, mood, and pain in 952 breast cancer patients followed for 3 years.MethodsPreoperatively, the patients completed questionnaires about depressive symptoms (BDI), state anxiety (STAI), anger regulation (STAXI‐2), and pains in the surgical and other areas. Experimental pain sensitivity was tested. In the follow‐up, BDI and STAI were assessed at 1 and at 6 months and at 1, 2, and 3 years after surgery. Pain in the surgical area was evaluated during the first 7 days and at 1 and 3 years after surgery. Pain‐related disability was assessed at 3 years after surgery. Latent profile analyses were performed to identify mood profiles, and regression analyses to find independent predictors for mood and pain variables.ResultsAnger inhibition and pain had associations with ongoing depressive symptoms and anxiety. Pain‐related disability was associated with high anxiety at a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.24 (95% CI, 1.17‐4.27), with older age (HR 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01‐1.13), and with pain in the surgical area (HR 3.04, 95% CI, 2.41‐3.85), but not with anger variables. Any relationship between anger regulation and pain intensity disappeared after controlling for age and mood.ConclusionsDifferent forms of pain are important to recognize and treat to support breast cancer patients' psychological well‐being. Anger inhibition could be a target for psychotherapeutic intervention, to help with ongoing mood symptoms. The relationship between anger regulation and pain is not straightforward.
Internalizing symptoms in AYA survivors of childhood cancer and matched comparisons
Authors: D'Souza Amber M. , Devine Katie A. , Reiter‐Purtill Jennifer , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Noll Robert B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveAs the number of pediatric cancer survivors increases, so does our need to understand behavioral late effects. Prior studies show mixed results, with some noting increased emotional distress and psychiatric diagnoses in cancer survivors and others suggesting resilience. The purpose of our study was to evaluate internalizing symptoms such as anxiety and depression in young adult survivors of childhood cancer compared with matched classroom matched peers.MethodWe completed a multisource, cross‐sectional examination of internalizing symptoms using a semistructured psychiatric interview with 18‐year‐olds with a history of pediatric cancer compared with age, race, and gender matched classroom peers who had been identified during the survivor's first year of treatment and their primary caregivers.ResultsFifty‐seven young adult survivors of childhood cancer and 60 comparison peers participated. There were no significant differences between survivors and their peers on the basis of self‐ or parent‐reported depressive or anxiety symptoms or number of psychiatric diagnoses.ConclusionsYoung adult survivors of childhood cancer and their parents did not report increased rates of anxiety or depression compared with their former classroom peers. Despite experiencing a major life challenge, this group of young adults with cancer did not report more current or past symptoms of internalizing psychopathology.
Agreement between a health claims algorithm and parent‐reported asthma in young children
Authors: Omand Jessica A. , Maguire Jonathon L. , O'Connor Deborah L. , Parkin Patricia C. , Birken Catherine S. , Thorpe Kevin E. , Zhu Jingqin , To Teresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionAsthma prevalence is commonly measured in national surveys by questionnaire. The Ontario Asthma Surveillance Information System (OASIS) developed a validated health claims diagnosis algorithm to estimate asthma prevalence. The primary objective was to assess the agreement between two approaches of measuring asthma in young children. Secondary objectives were to identify concordant and discordant pairs, and to identify factors associated with disagreement.Study design and settingA measurement study to evaluate the agreement between the OASIS algorithm and parent‐reported asthma (criterion standard). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with disagreement.ResultsHealthy children aged 1 to 5 years (n =3642) participating in the TARGet Kids! practice based research network 2008‐2013 in Toronto, Canada were included. Prevalence of asthma was 14% and 6% by the OASIS algorithm and parent‐reported asthma, respectively. The Kappa statistic was 0.43, sensitivity 81%, specificity 90%, PPV 34%, and NPV 99%. There were 3249 concordant and 393 discordant pairs. Statistically significant factors associated with asthma identified by OASIS but not parent report included: male sex, higher zBMI, and parent history of asthma. Males were less likely to have asthma identified by parent report but not OASIS.ConclusionThe OASIS algorithm identified more asthma cases in young children than parent‐reported asthma. The OASIS algorithm had high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV but low PPV relative to parent‐reported asthma. These findings need replication in other populations.
An exploratory retrospective multicenter study of prognostic factors in mCRPC patients undergoing enzalutamide treatment: Focus on early PSA decline and kinetics at time of progression
Authors: Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Sekine Yoshitaka , Shimizu Nobuaki , Takezawa Yutaka , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Miyao Takeshi , Nakayama Hiroshi , Kurihara Sota , Syuto Takahiro , Nomura Masashi , Koike Hidekazu , Matsui Hiroshi , Shibata Yasuhiro , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that an early prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response to androgen receptor‐targeting agents in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a better prognosis. We analyzed the early PSA response to enzalutamide (ENZ) by measuring the PSA doubling time (PSADT) and PSA velocity (PSAV) while monitoring oncologic outcomes and survival in Japanese patients.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 241 patients with mCRPC who were treated with ENZ. The patients’ median age was 75 ± 7.9 years (range, 53‐93 years). There were 171 (71%) predocetaxel cases, and 70 (29%) post docetaxel cases. PSA‐progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed according to Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 criteria. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Gunma University Hospital (No. 1595).ResultsWe observed 77 good response (GR; case in which PSA remained low after treatment) cases (31.9%), 125 acquired resistance (AR; decline in PSA after treatment followed by progression) cases (51.9%), and 39 primary resistance (PR; lack of decline in PSA) cases (16.2%). Predocetaxel, PSA‐PFS, and OS were significantly higher compared with post docetaxel (PSA‐PFS: 47.0 vs 13.4 weeks, P < .001; OS: not yet reached vs 80.7 weeks, P < .001). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors, including PSA response at 4 weeks, was performed using Cox regression analysis. ECOG PS (0 vs 1‐2), hemoglobin (Hb; ≥ 12.2 vs < 12.2 g/dL), time to CRPC ( ≥ 12 vs < 12 m), docetaxel treatment history (no vs yes), and a PSA reduction of 50% at 4 weeks were significant predictors of OS (all, P < .05). In cases of AR (n = 125), multivariate analysis showed that PSA kinetic factors, such as PSADT and PSAV (ng/mL/m), Hb, time to CRPC, PSADT ( ≥ 2 vs < 2 m), and PSAV ( < 20 vs ≥ 20 ng/mL/m), were all predictive of OS following PSA‐progression (P < .05).ConclusionsOur study has demonstrated that PSA dynamics after ENZ administration may be a useful prognostic factor for mCRPC patients.
T‐type calcium channels drive the proliferation of androgen‐receptor negative prostate cancer cells
Authors: Silvestri Roberto , Pucci Perla , Venalainen Erik , Matheou Chrysanthi , Mather Rebecca , Chandler Stephen , Aceto Romina , Rigas Sushilaben H. , Wang Yuzhuo , Rietdorf Katja , Bootman Martin David , Crea Francesco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the treatment of choice for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). After an initial response to ADT, PCa cells can generate castration resistant (CRPC) or neuroendocrine (NEPC) malignancies, which are incurable. T‐type calcium channels (TTCCs) are emerging as promising therapeutic targets for several cancers, but their role in PCa progression has never been investigated.MethodsTo examine the role of TTCCs in PCa, we analyzed their expression level, copy number variants (CNV) and prognostic significance using clinical datasets (Oncomine and cBioPortal). We then evaluated TTCC expression in a panel of PCa cell lines and measured the effect of their inhibition on cell proliferation and survival using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and caspase assays.ResultsTTCCs were upregulated in PCas harboring androgen receptor (AR) mutations; CNV rate was positively associated with PCa progression. Higher expression of one TTCC isoform (CACNA1G) predicted poorer postoperative prognosis in early stage PCa samples. Pharmacological or small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐based inhibition of TTCCs caused a decrease in PC‐3 cell survival and proliferation.ConclusionsOur results show that TTCCs are overexpressed in advanced forms of PCa and correlate with a poorer prognosis. TTCC inhibition reduces cell proliferation and survival, suggesting that there may be possible value in the therapeutic targeting of TTCCs in advanced PCa.
High‐accuracy refinement using Rosetta in CASP13
Authors: Park Hahnbeom , Lee Gyu Rie , Kim David E. , Anishchenko Ivan , Cong Qian , Baker David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBecause proteins generally fold to their lowest free energy states, energy‐guided refinement in principle should be able to systematically improve the quality of protein structure models generated using homologous structure or co‐evolution derived information. However, because of the high dimensionality of the search space, there are far more ways to degrade the quality of a near native model than to improve it, and hence, refinement methods are very sensitive to energy function errors. In the 13th Critial Assessment of techniques for protein Structure Prediction (CASP13), we sought to carry out a thorough search for low energy states in the neighborhood of a starting model using restraints to avoid straying too far. The approach was reasonably successful in improving both regions largely incorrect in the starting models as well as core regions that started out closer to the correct structure. Models with GDT‐HA over 70 were obtained for five targets and for one of those, an accuracy of 0.5 å backbone root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) was achieved. An important current challenge is to improve performance in refining oligomers and larger proteins, for which the search problem remains extremely difficult.
Antimicrobial activity and structure of a consensus human β‐defensin and its comparison to a novel putative hBD10
Authors: Rodriguez Alexis , Pedersen Marie Ø. , Villegas Elba , Rivas‐Santiago Bruno , Villegas‐Moreno Jessica , Amero Carlos , Norton Raymond S. , Corzo Gerardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe spread of multidrug resistant bacteria owing to the intensive use of antibiotics is challenging current antibiotic therapies, and making the discovery and evaluation of new antimicrobial agents a high priority. The evaluation of novel peptide sequences of predicted antimicrobial peptides from different sources is valuable approach to identify alternative antibiotic leads. Two strategies were pursued in this study to evaluate novel antimicrobial peptides from the human β‐defensin family (hBD). In the first, a 32‐residue peptide was designed based on the alignment of all available hBD primary structures, while in the second a putative 35‐residue peptide, hBD10, was mined from the gene DEFB110. Both hBDconsensus and hBD10 were chemically synthesized, folded and purified. They showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but were not hemolytic on human red blood cells. The NMR‐based solution structure of hBDconsensus revealed that it adopts a classical β‐defensin fold and disulfide connectivities. Even though the mass spectrum of hBD10 confirmed the formation of three disulfide bonds, it showed limited dispersion in 1H NMR spectra and structural studies were not pursued. The evaluation of different β‐defensin structures may identify new antimicrobial agents effective against multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains.
Effects of pyruvate and dimethyl‐α‐ketoglutarate, either alone or in combination, on pre‐ and post‐implantation development of mouse zygotes cultured in vitro
Authors: Choi Eun Sol , Kawano Koga , Hiraya Misaki , Matsukawa Eibai , Yamada Masayasu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeDimethyl α‐ketoglutarate (dm‐α‐KG) promotes in vitro development to blastocysts of C57BL/6J X C3He F1 mouse zygotes cultured in medium lacking pyruvate. Here, we examined the effects of pyruvate and dm‐α‐KG on in vitro development to blastocysts of ICR mouse zygotes and their post‐implantation developmental ability.MethodsZygotes were cultured in medium with pyruvate at 0‐0.2 mmol/L in the presence or absence of 1 mmol/L dm‐α‐KG for 96 hours and evaluated for blastocyst formation rates. The resultant blastocysts were non‐surgically transferred to surrogates and evaluated for birth rates.ResultsIn medium lacking pyruvate, zygotes could not develop beyond the two‐cell stage, in the presence or absence of dm‐α‐KG. However, the blastocyst formation rate in medium with 0.01 mmol/L pyruvate (12%) was markedly increased with addition of dm‐α‐KG (49%). Around 80% of embryos developed to blastocysts in medium with 0.2 mmol/L pyruvate, in the presence or absence of dm‐α‐KG. Importantly, birth rate was markedly improved by treatment with 0.2 mmol/L pyruvate and dm‐αKG (31.0%), compared with those with pyruvate treatment alone (16.3%).ConclusionsPyruvate and dm‐α‐KG synergistically work during in vitro culture to markedly improve the blastocyst formation rate and post‐implantation developmental ability of the resultant blastocysts in ICR mice.
In situ study on the impact of total dissolved gas supersaturation on endemic fish in the Upper Yangtze River
Authors: Xue Shudan , Kefeng Li , Liang Ruifeng , Cao Lu , Wang Yuanming , Li Yong , Feng Jingjie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTotal dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation in the upper Yangtze River caused by high spill rates upstream of hydroelectric dams has become a serious environmental problem in recent years. TDG supersaturation downstream of the Xiangjiaba Dam was investigated during flood periods in 2014 and 2015. Alongside this, an in situ study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of TDG supersaturation on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and rock carp (Procypris rabaudi). TDG supersaturation levels ranged from 115% to 131% in 2014 and from 118% to 128% in 2015. During 2014, TDG supersaturation first decreased and then increased and finally remained relatively stable. In contrast, the TDG supersaturation level remained between 122–126% for a relatively long time in the 2015 study period. During 2014, grass carp confined to water depths of 0–1 and 1–2 m began to die after 45 hr of exposure, and most grass carp died between 90 and 130 hr when TDG supersaturation level was greater than 127%. The first observed death during 2015 occurred after 30‐hr exposure. The survival of rock carp was greater than 50% when they were restricted to water depths of 0–1 m. Only three rock carp died when they were confined to water depths of 0–2 m, and no dead fish were recorded at water depths of 0–3 m.
Founder–inventors and their investors: Spurring firm survival and growth
Authors: Haeussler Carolin , Hennicke Maria , Mueller Elisabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryDrawing on insights from resource orchestration literature and the competence‐based perspective, we argue that founders involved in inventive activities display firm‐idiosyncratic founder–inventor competences critical to the firm's performance. This effect is enhanced by venture capital investors. To test our hypotheses, we use panel data from 1,498 firms. Controlling for founders' technical skills, our results reveal that founder involvement in R&D increases firm survival and growth. Furthermore, venture capitalists leverage founders' engagement in inventive activity to achieve even higher growth. Our findings imply that continuous application of founder–inventor competences serves to catalyze effective resource orchestration and strengthen new venture performance.
Managerial SummaryThe role of founders and founder competences is critical as firms progress along their life cycles, whereby founders face decisions about which tasks deserve their attention and which ones they can delegate to their employees, middle‐management, and/or new hires. One key strategic choice for founders is whether to engage in inventive activities themselves and remain engaged. Based on a large firm dataset, we find that founders' inventive activities spur survival and growth. Furthermore, venture capital investors leverage the effect on growth because they often bring in their own industry expertise, turn attention to the core capabilities, and revitalize the top management team. These investor activities enable founders to focus their attention on areas in which their involvement best supports the firm's performance, namely inventive activities.
Ownership dynamics within founder teams: The role of external financing
Authors: Hellmann Thomas F. , Schure Paul H. , Tergiman Chloe , Vo Dan H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryThis paper examines how founders within start‐up teams dynamically readjust their relative ownership stakes. It leverages a unique dataset from British Columbia, Canada, which contains detailed information on founder ownership over time. Two trade‐offs between efficiency and fairness are identified, one at the time of founding, the other as the venture develops. Teams with a preference for fairness at the start, as revealed by an equal division of the founder shares, also exhibit a dynamic preference for fairness, as witnessed by their reluctance to change the ownership structure over time. Relative founder stakes are more likely to change when a company raises investments. Larger rounds and lower valuations are associated with bigger changes in relative founder stakes.
Managerial SummarySplitting the equity stakes among founders involves a delicate trade‐off between efficiency and fairness. This trade‐off is made when founders determine their initial division of equity, and also as the venture develops. We find that teams with a preference for fairness, as revealed by an equal split of their original founder equity, are also unlikely to change their relative stakes over time. We also find that changes in the division of founder ownership often coincide with external financing rounds, suggesting that renegotiations within teams are more easily settled in the presence of outside investors. Overall, the evidence suggests that although notions of fairness inhibit changes to the relative founder equity stakes, the stakes are not set in stone, and financing rounds provide opportunities for recalibration.