bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Tang Taizong Could Not Do: The Korean Surrender of 1259 and the Imperial Tradition
Authors: Wang Sixiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe surrender of the Koryŏ crown prince to Khubilai Khan in 1259 heralded a century of Mongol domination in Korea. According to the Koryŏ sa, the official Korean dynastic history, Khubilai saw the timely Korean capitulation as demonstrating his superiority over the Tang emperor Taizong, who had failed to subjugate Korea by force. Although the account certainly embellished certain details, notably the voluntary nature of the surrender, this paper argues that it nonetheless captures an important dynamic between Korean diplomatic strategy and the political and ideological goals of Khubilai and his advisers. The Koryŏ court, hoping to ensure the kingship’s institutional survival, portrayed Korea as representing the cultural and political legacies of the imperial past to make common cause with Khubilai’s officials who sought to recast the Mongol empire in the image of China’s past imperial dynasties. The convergence of Korean diplomatic missives, accounts in Chinese and Korean historiography, and writings by Khubilai’s closest Chinese advisers on the themes of imperial restoration and cultural revival result in part from these interactions. Moreover, these interactions helped interpolate Korea into the repertoire of political legitimation, in which Korea’s role was redefined from an object of irredentist desire, to a component in the construction of imperial authority
Looking Beyond Dichotomies: Hidden Diversity of Voices in the Yantielun 鹽鐵論
Authors: Polnarov Anatoly 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the Yantielun 鹽鐵論, a text that recreates the 81 BCE court debate during which government officials clashed with “literary scholars” (wenxue 文學) and “worthy and good persons” (xianliang 賢良) over multiple policy issues. I show that a careful look at the Yantielun allows us to distinguish between the voices of the two subgroups of critics, who hitherto have been viewed almost ubiquitously as a uniform camp. The “worthy and good persons” appear as a “third voice” attempting to bridge the gap between the polar standpoints of the officials and the literary scholars. I argue that this hidden diversity is proof of the reliability of the Yantielun as an account of the debate and a testimony to the complexity of the intellectual and political environment of the mid- to late Former Han.
On Sacred or Secular Ground? Callicott and Environmental Ethics
Authors: Taylor Bron 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Earth's Insights Baird Callicott develops a science-based but religiously influenced global environmental ethics that attempts to resolve the relationships between science, religion, and morality. He proposes to privilege science and relegate religion to a supportive and corrective role in environmental ethics. I argue, on the contrary, that a rationally compelling environmental ethics is dependent on religion and that, ironically, the only way to resolve conundrums regarding science, religion, and morality, is to stand environmental ethics on sacred ground.
What's Postmodern about Earth's Insights?
Authors: Lorentzen Lois Ann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCallicott convinces us that diverse religious traditions provide resources in constructing an environmental ethic. However, his use of the term postmodern, while rejecting most of postmodern thought, is not helpful for his project. Callicott also presumes that nonanthropocentrism and holism are necessary for a universal environmental ethic, and provides only one version of ecofeminism. There are reasons to prefer pluralism in environmental ethics and ecofeminism.
Discourse on Knowledge, Dialogue and Diversity: Peasant Worldviews and the Science of Nature Conservation
Authors: Parajuli Pramod 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article suggests that people endowed with an ecosystem operate within their own tradition of knowledge and can offer a useful critique of the increasingly globalised schemes of nature conservation such as parks, sanctuaries and biodiversity preserves. I compare and contrast two competing proposals for nature conservation. While one is the conservation strategy based upon in-farm nurturing of the biodiversity that adheres to the cultural diversity of people residing in an ecosystem, the other is a strategy that excludes the ecosystem people in order to conserve nature. But the contest between the two is not about whether nature should be kept pristine or be made available for human use; it is about the scale of use and the mode of use. It is about who should use, how much, and for what purpose. The debate is also about what kinds of technologies are going to be used in preserving as well as harvesting, using as well as enhancing nature. Ultimately, it is about the very nature of the relationship between human collectivity and non-human collectivity.
What Has God to Do with Sustainable Development? A Sahelian Dialogue
Authors: Hintjens Helen M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Sahel region has become fairly well known as an environmentally vulnerable region where human inventiveness and collective organisation have been able to reverse processes of land degradation, brought about by earlier 'maldevelopment'. This paper sets out to explore schisms between local accounts of the spiritual significance of environmental decay, and regeneration involving interventions by external development agencies. It focuses on the case of two Northern NGOs. The two project-level examples are located in Mali; one is a World Vision-sponsored tree seedling project, the other an SOS Sahel-sponsored well-digging scheme. Each presents a contrasting approach to local beliefs in God; the first attempts to 'correct' what are seen as wrong beliefs: the second seeks to build on existing beliefs and religious practices. In the one. relations between humans and the natural environment are conceived as being spiritually laden, in the other they are seen as almost purely functional. If Sahelian people are to be held responsible for environmental regeneration, then their religious beliefs about nature, however complex, need to be incorporated into the design of development interventions from the outset.
Loving the World as Our Own Body: The Nondualist Ethics of Taoism, Buddhism and Deep Ecology
Authors: Loy David R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe ecological problem seems to be the perennial personal problem writ large: a consequence of the alienation between myself and the world I find myself 'in'. If so, the solutions we seek require a more nondual relationship with the objectified other. Asian philosophical and religious traditions have much to say about the nonduality of subject and object. This paper discusses and compares the relevant insights of Taoism, Buddhism and deep ecology.
Masks and the Space of Play
Authors: Massie Pascal 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Masks are devices and symbols. In the first instance, they are artifacts that allow opposite poles to take each other’s place. They split the world into appearance and reality, manifest and repressed, sacred and profane. In this sense, they are dualistic. But by so doing they invert these terms. In this sense, they are dialectical. In the second instance, they exemplify doubt about people’s identities and the veracity of their words; they denote duplicity, inauthenticity, and hypocrisy. The conjunction of these two senses resides in the fact that masks are at the threshold between reality and fiction. Such a threshold makes possible the emergence of a space of play which asserts that the world does not express a determinate and final order but is infinitely open to the emergence of new, yet transient, forms of self-organization and open new spatiotemporal worlds.
“The Very Place of Apparition”: Derrida on Husserl’s Concept of Noema
Authors: Terzi Pietro 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Specters of Marx, Derrida suggests that the most fundamental condition of phenomenality lies in the ambiguous status of the noema, defined as an intentional and non-real component of Erlebnis, neither “in” the world nor “in” consciousness. This “irreality” of the noematic correlate is conceived by Derrida as the origin of sense and experience. Already in his Of Grammatology, Derrida maintained that the difference between the appearing and the appearance, between the world and the lived experience, is the condition of all other differences. Unfortunately, Derrida limits himself to a few self-evident remarks, without further elaborating.
The aim of this paper is twofold: on the one hand, to contextualize Derrida’s interpretation of the noema from a theoretical and historical perspective; on the other hand, to show its effects on the early moments of Derrida’s philosophy. The result will shed light on a neglected issue in the relationship between deconstruction and phenomenology.
The Indian Experience as a Swahili Mirror in Colonial Mombasa
Authors: Mazrui Alamin 
Published: May 2019

People of Indian descent had long interacted with the Swahili of East Africa. This interrelationship became particularly momentous during British colonial rule that gave additional impetus to Indian migration to East Africa. In time East Africa, in general, and Mombasa, Kenya’s second largest city, in particular, became home to significant populations of Indian settler communities. Motivated by an immigrant psychology and relatively privileged status under colonial rule, Indian immigrants took full advantage of the opportunities to become remarkably successful socially and economically.
Local inhabitants were fully aware of the success of Indian immigrants of East Africa, and for some of them, the Indian record became a yard stick for their own successes and failures. Among these was Sheikh Al-Amin bin Ali Mazrui (1891-1947), famed for his reformist ideas about East African Islam. Using his Swahili periodical, Swahifa, he tried to galvanize members of Swahili-Muslim community towards the goal of community uplift by drawing on the experiences of East African Indians as a way of referring them back to some of the fundamentals of a progressive Islamic civilization in matters of the economy, education, and cultural preservation. In this sense, the East African Indian “mirror” became an important means of propagating Sheikh Al-Amin’s agenda of an alternative modernity rooted in Islamic civilization.
Sowing Dragon’s Teeth and Harvesting Fleas? – A Historical Inquiry into China’s Education-Aid Programs since the 1970s
Authors: Liu Yun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper reviews the historical evolution of China’s education-aid programs. These specific programs are seemingly consistent with China’s education reform legacy. With a cross-disciplinary survey regarding how foreign-aid policy commitments got delivered, the paper proposes more inclusive approaches for interpreting local contexts relevant to China’s education-aid policies. The following discussion first presents local evidence to provide plausible explanations from the national background of China’s social-economic reforms since the 1970s. Then it gives a case study of Wuhan, the provincial capital of Hubei, to examine how the local higher-education institutions have managed those education-aid practices since the late 1990s. Re-visiting a variety of mainstream views on China’s evolving national identity as a member of the Global South, the article ends by making some analysis of significance to the evolution of China’s education-aid policies.
Turning ‘Water Babies’ (Zaza Rano) into ‘Real Human Beings’ (Vrai Humains)
Authors: Nourse Erin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines the protective measures and rites of blessing that residents of Diégo Suarez use to keep their babies safe from harm and incorporate them into their respective religious and ethnic communities. I argue that new mothers, and their ‘water babies,’ are ‘acquiring bones’ (establishing themselves within the community) in ways that challenge the widely held perception that Malagasy practices around ancestors are primarily remembrance-oriented. By shifting our gaze away from death, and towards the family-specific ancestral practices around pregnancy and birth, we see that the process of ‘acquiring bones’ is as aspirational as it is retrospective. Moreover, securing one’s worth in society is not exclusively tied to adulthood activities or paternal ancestral lineages; instead it is a flexible process that begins in childhood when parents first instill in their children a sense of what it means to be a member of a particular family or religious community.
‘Their Children Might be Christians’
Authors: Jenkins Julie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines the ritual specialists and initiates of the three Adzima shrines in the southeastern Volta Region of Ghana and their criticism of Christianity, particularly Neo-Pentecostalist discourse that encourages adherents to sever lineage-based ties to deities and ancestors. The influence of Christianity is an issue that the Adzima shrine ritual specialists deal with on a regular basis since different types of people are drawn into hierarchical relationships with the Adzima deities through the fiasidiwo initiates. The Adzima ritual specialists have to manage shifting perspectives on the appropriate relationship between persons embedded in lineage structures and with deities, which could undermine the meanings attributed to the fiasidiwo and potentially threaten the initiates’ livelihoods.
The Participle κολαφιζόµενοι in Martyrium Polycarpi 2.4 and 2Cor 12:1-10
Authors: Kozlowski Jan M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There is no consensus among editors and translators of Martyrium Polycarpi regarding what reading should be accepted in 2.4: κολαζόµενοι or κολαφιζόµενοι. A hitherto unnoticed intertextual reference to 2Cor 12:1-10 is proposed as an argument in favor of the reading κολαφιζόµενοι. Moreover, detecting this allusion deepens our understanding of the theology of martyrdom in Martyrium Polycarpi.
Vom Antitsiganismus zum antiziganism Zur Genese eines unbestimmten Begriffs
Authors: Bartel Berthold P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe German term “Antiziganismus” could be translated as “antigypsyism”, but the semantic roots are, in fact, different. Coined in the 1980s, “Antiziganismus” might be misconceived as a sheer abstraction: a “close reading” of the term's context could indeed partially justify the assumption that it in many ways reproduces certain impacts and implications of its better known equivalent – an actively employed anti-Semitism. However, the article's main thesis is that “Antiziganismus” denotes a term in its own right. This status cannot be challenged even by the most recent development, which is an interest group's attempt to internationalize the scope of the term by coining the derivative “antiziganism”.
Zur Verbrennung der sogenanten Chrestiani (Tac. Ann. 15,44)
Authors: Lund Allan A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe following article shows what Tacitus Ann. 15,44 thought of the role of the Chrestiani at the burning of the Roman capital A.D. 64 and why they themselves as punishment of their ,,crime“ were crucified and burned. In order to demonstrate this the textus receptus is first analysed linguistically and its content interpreted in its historical and sociological context. It is ethnohistorically established as a fact that Tacitus counted the Chrestiani as a minority of the Iudaei. Linguistically it is proved that the words aut flammandi atque ubi are corrupt and have to be emended ad flammas dati, ut, cum why some of the Chrestiani as part of their punishment were given to the flames, i.e. Latine: ad flammas dati (sunt).
Distinction, Privilege and the Role of Code Switching
Authors: Touna Vaia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Code switching is a term used to describe switching between language systems and, more specifically, between informal and formal language. Although I see code switching as a daily practice and therefore quite mundane – although with stakes always high and in various degrees – it seems that the term is preserved for some switches and not for others. In this paper I explore the taxonomic implications of naming something, and not something else, as “code switching,” by comparing to the practice of naming groups as “voluntary associations” or “mystery cults” in the Graeco-Roman world.
Latin American Liberation Theology and Postcolonial Studies
Authors: Puggioni Roberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper argues in favour of the need of a continuous decolonisation and contextualisation of theology. Global capitalism, modernity, and the persistent colonial attitudes of the Western world are the phenomena in which to frame the presence of striking inequalities among and within countries. By assuming a liberationist standpoint, the analysis points at the convergence in methods and scopes of the Western postcolonial thought and the Latin American Christian theology of liberation for an effective decolonisation of theology. Liberation, with all its implications, becomes the key term through which to understand this relationship.
The Gospel of Mark, Orality Studies and Performance Criticism
Authors: Botha Pieter J.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Orality/aurality is recognised by a growing number of scholars as a significant aspect of the context of New Testament texts. As part of the exploration of the oral features of New Testament texts some are turning to Greco-Roman storytelling and oratory, informed by performance studies. A selection of these explorations are discussed to introduce scholarship that attempts to identify various elements of performance events in the early church as a basis for re-thinking our ways of studying and our interpretations of the New Testament writings in their original context. The obstacles to such efforts are considerable, but some significant gains have been made. Focusing on research on the Gospel of Mark, this discussion shows how performance critical studies allow new insights into the origins of the Gospels, leading to interesting new and meaningful perspectives on the history of the early Jesus movement with specific attention to the role telling and presenting the Markan story played.
The Great Christian Failure of Mastery
Authors: de Wet Chris L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to investigate the intersection of the discourse of slavery – or doulology – and Romanness in Salvian of Marseilles’ De gubernatione Dei. After providing a short overview of the author and his work, the study examines how Salvian considers the slavery to God as the most important expression of true Christian-Roman pietas. Thereafter Salvian’s vice list, which is based on servile vices or uitia seruorum – including robbery, lying, greed, homicide, and sexual misconduct – is investigated to show how his Christian opponents fail both at being good masters of slaves and good slaves of God. The sexual abuse of slaves by Christian masters receives special attention. Finally, the study delineates the key dynamics and implications of Salvian’s doulology, and shows that the Christian failure of mastery, both of the self and others, is what informs Salvian’s view of why the Christian-Roman Empire is disintegrating under barbarian powers.
The Eusebian and Meletian Roots of John Chrysostom’s Trinitarian Theology
Authors: Lai Pak-Wah 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Chrysostom has often been regarded as an Antiochene theologian, who is more a pastor and moralist than a serious theologian. When we study his Chrysostom’s Trinitarian doctrine, in the context of the Eusebian-Meletian traditions, a different picture emerges. Firstly, he has a well-thought-out theological epistemology and structure. His prioritisation of faith before reason, doctrine of divine incomprehensibility, endorsement of the Nicene homoousios formula, and use of hypostatic language as a safeguard against Sabellianism are strong evidence that he was operating within the Eusebian-Meletian lineages. Secondly, the ease by which he uses Eusebian and Homoian expressions indicates that he has embraced Meletius’ reconciling stance. Most intriguingly, his Christological departure from Diodore calls into question his indebtedness to his teacher. When all these are taken into account, Chrysostom should be better understood as a Neo-Nicene Eusebian-Meletian theologian rather than a representative of the School of Antioch.
Imitating the Devil: Cyprian on Jealousy and Envy
Authors: Murphy Edwina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
If imitating Christ in his humility leads to peace and unity, imitating the devil in his jealousy leads to conflict and self-destruction. So warns Cyprian of Carthage in De zelo et livore, where he identifies the devil as the originator of envy, precipitating humanity’s downfall as well as his own. Cyprian further illustrates these fatal effects by pairing exemplars of jealousy with their innocent victims. Cyprian’s use of these models demonstrates the importance of this reading strategy for his exegesis and the value he ascribes to imitation in Christian formation. Furthermore, whilst Cyprian’s emphasis on unity is well known, this study highlights that it is not achieved simply by avoiding schism. Rather, structural concerns are just one expression of Cyprian’s conviction that conflict and division are vices rooted in the flesh. Those who claim to be Christians must, like Christ, live according to the Spirit in love and peace.
Addressing Conflict in the Fifth Century: Rome and the Wider Church
Authors: Neil Bronwen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In seeking to trace the escalation, avoidance or resolution of conflicts, contemporary social conflict theorists look for incompatible goals, differentials in power, access to social resources, the exercise of control, the expression of dissent, and the strategies employed in responding to disagreements. It is argued here that these concepts are just as applicable to the analysis of historical doctrinal conflicts in Late Antiquity as they are to understanding modern conflicts. In the following, I apply social conflict theory to three conflicts involving the late antique papacy to see what new insights it can proffer. The first is Zosimus's involvement in the dispute over the hierarchy of Gallic bishops at the beginning of the fifth century. The second and longest case-study is Leo I's intervention in the Chalcedonian conflict over the natures of Christ. The final brief study is the disputed election of Symmachus at the end of the fifth century.
The Apology of Justin Martyr and the Legatio of Athenagoras: Two Responses to the Challenge of Being a Christian in the Second Century
Authors: Sheather Mary 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Most second-century Christians were likely to experience challenges, both internal and external, to the new way of life, belief and worship that they had adopted. With the Apology of Justin Martyr and the Legatio of Athenagoras we encounter responses to the common accusations and an exposition of those aspects of life and belief which the writers considered it important to present to ally and opponent alike. These works deal with similar issues, but from rather different perspectives, and here we attempt to draw out some of the ways in which each writer presented his case, and assess their significance and effectiveness.