bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Cellulose Nanofibers and Its Palm Oil Pickering Emulsion as Fat Substitutes in Emulsified Sausage
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wang Wenhang , Jia Hongjiao , Gao Guixian , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xiaowei , Wang Yabin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNano cellulose is attracting great interest in food and nutraceutical fields and also provides a potential additive to develop functional meat products such as low fat sausage. Here, we compared 1 wt% aqueous dispersion of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and its palm oil Pickering emulsion (CPOE) at the ratio of 1:1 (water: oil, v:v) for being fat alternatives replacing 30% and 50% of the original fat of the emulsified sausage. Replacing fat by CPOE and CNF resulted in lower fat content, lower cooking loss and higher moisture content and higher lightness values (P ≤ 0.05) at both fat levels. Textural analysis indicated that the products formulated with CPOE showed higher hardness, springiness, chewiness and the texture was enhanced by the addition of CNF, especially when 30% fat was substituted. Compared with the full‐fat control, the sausages formulated with CPOE became more elastic and compact, especially by the incorporation of CNF according to the rheology and scanning electron microscope results. The reformulated products with CPOE and CNF at the 30% level showed higher sensory scores (P ≤ 0.05) while at the 50% level produced comparable quality to the control, but no significant differences were found in the overall acceptability. In summary, CNF and its Pickering emulsion provide the potential as potential fat alternatives for developing low fat meat products.Practical ApplicationsCellulose nanofibers present a variety of distinguishing properties, such as large surface area, great stability and high strength. The ability to stabilize emulsions and good biocompatibility enlarge its application in food. In this study, we attempted to use cellulose nanofibers and its palm oil Pickering emulsion as fat substitutes to partly replace the original fat of pork emulsified sausages, hoping to provide some basic information for using cellulose nanofibers and its Pickering emulsion as fat substitute to high fiber, low fat meat products.
Cultural Secrecy and Anti‐corruption Disclosure in Large Multinational Companies
Authors: Blanc Renata , Branco Manuel Castelo , Patten Dennis M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the relation between countries’ cultural characteristics and anti‐corruption disclosure. In particular, it extends prior research and examines whether country‐level secrecy also appears to impact differences in this type of disclosure, while controlling for factors previously shown to matter. Using Transparency International ratings of disclosures on anti‐corruption efforts by large multinational firms and an ordinal regression analysis, the paper documents that companies from more ‘secretive’ countries have significantly lower levels of anti‐corruption disclosure.
The causal role of smoking on the risk of headache. A Mendelian randomization analysis in the HUNT study
Authors: Johnsen M. B. , Winsvold B. S. , Børte S. , Vie G. Å. , Pedersen L. M. , Storheim K. , Skorpen F. , Hagen K. , Bjørngaard J. H. , Åsvold B. O. , Zwart J. A. 
Published: May 2018

Background and purposeHeadache has been associated with various lifestyle and psychosocial factors, one of which is smoking. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the association between smoking intensity and headache is likely to be causal.MethodA total of 58 316 participants from the Nord‐Trøndelag Health (HUNT) study with information on headache status were genotyped for the rs1051730 C>T single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The SNP was used as an instrument for smoking intensity in a Mendelian randomization analysis. The association between rs1051730 T alleles and headache was estimated by odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, the association between the SNP and migraine or non‐migrainous headache versus no headache was investigated. All analyses were adjusted for age and sex.ResultsThere was no strong evidence that the rs1051730 T allele was associated with headache in ever smokers (odds ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.02). Similarly, there was no association between the rs1051730 T allele and migraine or non‐migrainous headache versus no headache.ConclusionThe findings from this study do not support that there is a strong causal relationship between smoking intensity and any type of headache. Larger Mendelian randomization studies are required to examine whether higher smoking quantity can lead to a moderate increase in the risk of headache subtypes.
Probabilistic model for length effect on fatigue life of longitudinal elements
Authors: Lan Chengming , Bai Nani , Yang Haitao , Liu Caiping , Li Hui , Spencer B.F. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the length effect on fatigue life of longitudinal element at the macroscale. An asymptotic weakest‐link Weibull phenomenological model that incorporates a statistical length effect for the fatigue life of longitudinal element is proposed in this research. In the proposed model, the weakest‐link effect gradually becomes dominant and causes a decrease in fatigue life that increases along
, the normalized length of the longitudinal element. To this end, the fatigue life under a specified stress range is divided into 3 zones according to the normalized length
: (1)
is the zone where length effects can be ignored, and the fatigue life can be treated as a random variable; (2)
is the zone where the fatigue life is length dependent; and (3)
is the zone where the fatigue life follows asymptotic length dependence. The asymptotic threshold normalized length,
, can be evaluated by the asymptotic weakest‐link Weibull model. To validate the proposed model, 3 previously published datasets are used: (1) the fatigue data of Picciotto yarn, (2) hipo‐eutectoid steel wire with different lengths, and (3) the fatigue data of high‐strength steel wire with different lengths and different constant stress ranges. Finally, the results obtained by the proposed model are compared with those from the literature and discussed in detail. The analytical solutions obtained using the proposed model allows for assessment of the fatigue life of certain components and structures that are beyond current testing capabilities. In particular, the length effects on the fatigue life of the high‐strength steel wire in stay cables are investigated to gain insight into issues regarding safe designs.
Heparin‐free renal replacement therapy for chronic hemodialyzed patients at high risk for bleeding: a comparison of on‐line predilution hemodiafiltration with conventional hemodialysis
Authors: Brunot Vincent , Serre Jean‐Emmanuel , Mourad Georges , Klouche Kada , Pernin Vincent 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground: In chronic hemodialysis patients with high risk of bleeding, optimal anticoagulation of the extracorporeal circuit is challenging. Heparin‐free hemodialysis (HD) with heparin‐coated AN69ST dialyzer is now considered as a good option and recommended by experts. Predilutional hemodiafiltration (HDF) may represent also a feasible alternative but has been poorly investigated. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the performance of on‐line automated predilution heparin‐free HDF as compared to conventional heparin‐free HD with a heparin‐coated membrane.Methods: We prospectively studied chronic hemodialysis patients at high risk of bleeding consecutively admitted to hospital who underwent heparin‐free renal replacement therapy (RRT) in our nephrology department. During 1 year, we routinely used heparin‐free HD and on‐line HDF in these settings. By using a propensity score, we compared HDF to HD regarding to session failure and efficiency.Results: One hundred and seventy‐nine patients were included in the study. Clotting phenomena necessitating premature termination of RRT sessions were encountered in 19% of them. After propensity score matching, the comparison of 77 HD and 77 HDF sessions showed no significant differences in duration of the sessions and in dialyzer clotting. By multivariate analysis, a blood flow less than 250 mL/min and recent surgery were the only parameters associated with extracorporeal circuit thrombosis.Conclusion: Heparin‐free on‐line predilutional HDF is a safe and effective technique for chronic hemodialysis patients with increased bleeding risk. The use of an automatic substitution volume that avoids filters hemoconcentration and of a blood flow above 250 mL/min strongly contribute to the observed performance. Further studies are, however, intended to confirm these results.
Récession, austérité et genre: étude comparative sur huit marchés du travail européens
Authors: PÉRIVIER Hélène 
Published: May 2018

RésuméSi l'effondrement du PIB consécutif à la crise économique mondiale de 2008 a nui avant tout à l'emploi des hommes, les politiques d'austérité auraient davantage affecté celui des femmes. L'auteure cherche à vérifier ce scénario dans huit pays européens, en décomposant la variation trimestrielle du taux d'activité et du taux d'emploi des femmes et des hommes à l'échelon sectoriel. Elle montre que l'association entre he‐cession et she‐austerity ne se confirme pas toujours, mais que les politiques d'austérité peuvent nuire à l'égalité des sexes et aux droits de la femme par d'autres mécanismes d'action, qu'elle répertorie et commente.
La polarisation des emplois en Europe dans une perspective sectorielle
Authors: CIRILLO Valeria 
Published: May 2018

RésuméL'auteure s'intéresse à la polarisation des emplois en Europe, dans une étude empirique portant sur cinq pays (Allemagne, Espagne, France, Italie et Royaume‐Uni) suivis de 1999 à 2011. Elle cherche à faire ressortir l'évolution de la structure de l'emploi dans une perspective sectorielle, en considérant quatre macrogroupes professionnels (établis en fonction du niveau de qualification et du salaire) et en tenant compte du rapport à la technologie. Un indice de polarisation est aussi utilisé. Plusieurs scénarios émergent, mais la polarisation domine dans les services et dans certains pays et conduit à rejeter la thèse d'un progrès technique biaisé en faveur des qualifcations.
Modeling how reversal of immune exhaustion elicits cure of chronic hepatitis C after the end of treatment with direct‐acting antiviral agents
Authors: Baral Subhasish , Roy Rahul , Dixit Narendra M 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA fraction of chronic hepatitis C patients treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) achieved sustained virological responses (SVR), or cure, despite having detectable viremia at the end of treatment (EOT). This observation, termed EOT+/SVR, remains puzzling and precludes rational optimization of treatment durations. One hypothesis to explain EOT+/SVR, the immunologic hypothesis, argues that the viral decline induced by DAAs during treatment reverses the exhaustion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which then clear the infection after treatment. Whether the hypothesis is consistent with data of viral load changes in patients who experienced EOT+/SVR is unknown. Here, we constructed a mathematical model of viral kinetics incorporating the immunologic hypothesis and compared its predictions with patient data. We found the predictions to be in quantitative agreement with patient data. Using the model, we unraveled an underlying bistability that gives rise to EOT+/SVR and presents a new avenue to optimize treatment durations. Infected cells trigger both activation and exhaustion of CTLs. CTLs in turn kill infected cells. Due to these competing interactions, two stable steady states, chronic infection and viral clearance, emerge, separated by an unstable steady state with intermediate viremia. When treatment during chronic infection drives viremia sufficiently below the unstable state, spontaneous viral clearance results post‐treatment, marking EOT+/SVR. The duration to achieve this desired reduction in viremia defines the minimum treatment duration required for ensuring SVR, which our model can quantify. Estimating parameters defining the CTL response of individuals to HCV infection would enable the application of our model to personalize treatment durations.
Salmon gill poxvirus disease in Atlantic salmon fry as recognized by improved immunohistochemistry also demonstrates infected cells in non‐respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Gjessing M C , Christensen D H , Manji F , Mohammad S , Petersen P E , Saure B , Skjengen C , Weli S C , Dale O B 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGill diseases cause serious losses in farming of Atlantic salmon and the number of agents involved increases. Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) and the gill disease in causes where SGPV apparently was the only disease‐causing agent were initially characterized. Recently, it was further shown that SGPV can be a common denominator in widely different multifactorial gill diseases. Here, we present the challenge of diagnosing gill disease with SGPV in salmon fry of 0,3–5 grams. Apoptosis of gill lamellar epithelial cells and hemophagocytosis was also observed in fry similar to findings in smolts and grow‐out fish. Using our newly developed immunohistochemistry method, we further demonstrate that some of the apoptotic epithelial cells covering the oral cavity were positive for SGPV. Thus, SGPV is not restricted to respiratory epithelium alone and may infect the fish at very early life stages. Furthermore, as the cases examined here are from Norway, Faroe Island and Scotland, we show that SGPV is more widespread than previously reported.
A new strain of white spot syndrome virus affecting Litopenaeus vannamei in Indian shrimp farms
Authors: Sivakumar S , Vimal S , Abdul Majeed S , Santhosh Kumar S , Taju G , Madan N , Rajkumar T , Thamizhvanan S , Shamsudheen K V , Scaria V , Sivasubbu S , Sahul Hameed A S 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV)‐infected shrimp samples collected from grow‐out ponds located at Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India, showed WSSV negative and positive by PCR using primer sets specific to ORF119 and VP28 gene of WSSV, respectively. This indicated the deletion of genetic fragments in the genome of WSSV. The WSSV isolate along with lab strain of WSSV was subjected to next‐generation sequencing. The sequence analysis revealed a deletion of 13,170 bp at five positions in the genome of WSSV‐NS (new strain) relative to WSSV‐TH and WSSV‐LS (lab strain). The PCR analysis using the ORF's specific primer sets revealed the complete deletion of 10 ORFs in the genome of WSSV‐NS strain. The primer set was designed based on sequence covering ORF161/162/163 to amplify a product of 2,748 bp for WSSV‐LS and 402 bp for WSSV‐NS. Our surveillance programme carried out since 2002 revealed the replacement of WSSV‐LS by WSSV‐NS in Indian shrimp culture system.
Xanthine oxidase activity exerts pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory effects in serum of silver catfish fed with a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1
Authors: Baldissera M D , Souza C F , Doleski P H , Zeppenfeld C C , Descovi S , Da Silva A S , Baldisserotto B 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have associated the involvement of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, a source of uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS), to pro‐oxidative and pro‐inflammatory effects during pathological conditions. Considering this, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether upregulation on seric XO activity may be a pathway involved in the oxidative stress in fish exposed to a diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as whether it may be considered a pathway involved in ROS and NOx production. Xanthine oxidase activity, as well as the uric acid, ROS and NOx levels increased in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet on days 14 and 21 post‐feeding compared to fish fed with a basal diet. Based on these evidences, upregulation of seric XO activity induces pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory profiles in serum of fish fed with a AFB1‐contaminated diet due to excessive formation on uric acid. Also, the excessive uric acid induces the release of pro‐oxidant and pro‐inflammatory mediators, as ROS and NOx, also contributing to oxidative and inflammatory profiles. In summary, the upregulation on seric XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in the oxidative stress of fish exposed to a diet contaminated with AFB1.
Substitutions in interferon sensitivity‐determining region and hepatocarcinogenesis after hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Yasuda Satoshi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Honda Takashi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Toyoda Hidenori , Kumada Takashi , Hirooka Yoshiki , Goto Hidemi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and AimAmino‐acid substitutions in the interferon sensitivity‐determining region (ISDR) within the NS5A region are known to be associated with responsiveness to interferon (IFN)‐based therapy. Additionally, previous studies reported that the ISDR was related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the association between substitutions in the ISDR and the development of HCC in patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between amino‐acid substitutions in the ISDR and development of HCC after SVR.MethodsOne thousand five hundred eighty‐eight patients infected with HCV who were treated with IFN‐based therapy were enrolled, and 475 patients who achieved SVR and underwent complete virological analysis at pretreatment were investigated. HCV genotypes consisted of 1a (n = 10), 1b (n = 307), 2a (n = 110), 2b (n = 41), and 3a (n = 7), and the ISDR in each genotype was examined by direct sequencing.ResultsNineteen patients developed HCC after SVR. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.1% and 15.9% at 5 and 10 years after SVR, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated older age (≥ 60 years: hazard ratio [HR], 3.23; P = 0.014), higher γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase level (≥ 50 IU/L: HR, 8.42; P < 0.001) and ≥ 3 substitutions in the ISDR (HR, 3.24; P = 0.016) as independent factors that were significantly associated with HCC development.ConclusionAmino‐acid substitutions in the ISDR are useful to predict not only IFN responsiveness but also HCC development in patients who achieved SVR by IFN‐based therapy.
Recognition and Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Older Americans
Authors: Braley Tiffany J. , Dunietz Galit Levi , Chervin Ronald D. , Lisabeth Lynda D. , Skolarus Lesli E. , Burke James F. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the proportion of older Americans at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who receive OSA evaluations, diagnosis, and treatment.DesignCross sectional study.SettingNational Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), Round 3 survey.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries age 65 and older (N=1,052).MeasurementsNHATS participants were asked specific questions about sleep disturbances, including items that resembled critical elements of a validated instrument used to assess OSA risk (the STOP‐Bang questionnaire). The proportion of older Americans at risk for OSA who received evaluations with home or in‐laboratory sleep studies, OSA diagnosis, and OSA treatment was examined, as well as clinical, social, and demographic correlates of OSA.ResultsOf 1,052 participants who completed the sleep module, 56% (95% confidence interval (CI)=53–59%) were estimated to be at high risk of OSA. Only 8% (95% CI=5–11%) of the high‐risk individuals had been tested for it. Of those tested, 94% (95% CI=87–100%) were diagnosed with OSA. Treatment with positive airway pressure was prescribed for 82% (95% CI=65–99%) of participants with an OSA diagnosis.ConclusionsEvidence from this nationally representative sample of community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries suggests that high OSA risk is common but seldom investigated. When investigated, OSA is almost always confirmed and usually treated. These findings suggest a significant gap in OSA assessment for older Americans that could have public health implications.
An Experimental Study of Bond Market Pricing
Authors: WEBER MATTHIAS , DUFFY JOHN , SCHRAM ARTHUR 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAn important feature of bond markets is the relationship between the initial public offering (IPO) price and the probability that the issuer defaults. On the one hand, the default probability affects the IPO price; on the other hand, the IPO price affects the default probability. It is a priori unclear whether agents can competitively price such assets. Our paper is the first to explore this question. To do so, we use laboratory experiments. We develop two flexible bond market models that are easily implemented in the laboratory. We find that subjects learn to price the bonds well after only a few repetitions.
On the Asset Allocation of a Default Pension Fund
Authors: DAHLQUIST MAGNUS , SETTY OFER , VESTMAN ROINE 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe characterize the optimal default fund in a defined contribution (DC) pension plan. Using detailed data on individuals' holdings inside and outside the pension system, we find substantial heterogeneity within and between passive and active investors in terms of labor income, financial wealth, and stock market participation. We build a life‐cycle consumption‐savings model, with a DC pension account and an opt‐out/default choice, that produces realistic investor heterogeneity. Relative to a common age‐based allocation, implementing the optimal default asset allocation implies a welfare gain of 1.5% during retirement. Much of the gain is attainable with a simple rule of thumb.
Retrospective study of umbilical cord ulceration related to congenital intestinal atresia: A single‐center report
Authors: Nakamura Eishin , Samejima Kouki , Takayanagi Natsuko , Ono Yoshihisa , Matsunaga Shigetaka , Nagai Tomonori , Takai Yasushi , Saitoh Masahiro , Baba Kazunori , Seki Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimUmbilical cord ulceration (UCU) is a disease in which an ulcer forms in the umbilical cord in the pregnant uterus and is accompanied by hemorrhaging from the same site. UCU occurs in fetuses with congenital upper‐intestinal atresia (CUIA); however, its onset mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report our investigation of cases of UCU in our hospital.MethodsAmong the 9825 deliveries performed between 2007 and 2016 at this hospital, 20 fetuses were diagnosed with CUIA, 4 (20%) of which had UCU. There was no difference in the backgrounds of the fetuses with UCU (UCU group: 4 fetuses) and those without (non‐UCU group: 16 fetuses).ResultsThere was no intergroup difference in gestational age at delivery. Four cases in the UCU group had maternal age 35 weeks (26–39), weeks of delivery 35 weeks (35–36) and weight 2178.5 g (1600–2640); three out of four fetuses were female; and the location of gastrointestinal obstruction was in the duodenum in one case and in the jejunum in three cases. Death occurred in three of four fetuses in the UCU group versus none in the non‐UCU group.ConclusionWe performed a retrospective statistical investigation on the risk of UCU onset in cases from this hospital; however, we could not identify any prognostic factors for its onset. We investigated a total of 27 past reported UCU cases and the 4 cases in this study. Mean gestational age at onset was 33.3 ± 2.7 for all 27 cases. Various methods for the early discovery of UCU have been reported in the past; however, there is currently no gold standard. Based on this report and a review of past papers, for CUIA, it is desirable to perform in‐hospital management from gestational week 30 onward and decide proper delivery timing on a case‐by‐case basis.