bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Three-dimensional Chromatin Organization Utilizing Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: ChromSTEM
Authors: Li Yue , Roth Eric , Agrawal Vasundhara , Eshein Adam , Fredrick Jane , Almassalha Luay , Shim Anne , Bleher Reiner , Dravid Vinayak P. , Backman Vadim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChromatin organization over a wide range of length scales plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and deciphering these processes requires high-resolution, three-dimensional, quantitative imaging of chromatin structure in vitro. Herein we introduce ChromSTEM, a method which utilizes high angle annular dark field imaging and tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with DNA-specific staining for electron microscopy. We utilized ChromSTEM to quantify chromatin structure in cultured cells and tissue biopsies through local DNA distribution and the scaling behavior of chromatin polymer. We observed that chromatin is densely packed with an average volume concentration of over 30% with heterochromatin having a two-fold higher density compared to euchromatin. Chromatin was arranged into spatially well-defined nanoscale packing domains with fractal internal structure and genomic size between 100 and 400 kb, comparable to that of topologically associated domains. The packing domains varied in DNA concentration and fractal dimension and had one of the distinct states of chromatin packing with differential ratio of DNA content to the chromatin volume concentration. Finally, we observed a significant intercellular heterogeneity of chromatin organization even within a genetically uniform cell population, which demonstrates the imperative for high-throughput characterization of chromatin structure at the single cell level.
Dynamics of the Cortico-Cerebellar Loop Fine-Tune Dexterous Movement
Authors: Guo Jian-Zhong , Sauerbrei Britton , Cohen Jeremy D. , Mischiati Matteo , Graves Austin , Pisanello Ferruccio , Branson Kristin , Hantman Adam W. 
Published: May 2019

SummarySkillful control of movement requires coordination between brain areas that are reciprocally connected through polysynaptic pathways, forming closed loops. A prominent loop in mammals runs between cerebral cortex and cerebellum, which individually contribute to skilled arm control. But how and why do these regions interact? Here, we studied the mouse cortico-cerebellar loop by optogenetically perturbing the pontine nuclei (PN), which receive direct cortical inputs and project only to cerebellum. PN stimulation during rest propagated into cerebellar cortex, but the effect of stimulation was transformed downstream into a wide range of patterns in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and reduced to transient excitation in motor cortex. PN stimulation in a cued reaching task altered arm kinematics and impaired performance. Cerebellar and cortical dynamics during movement were not dominated by PN stimulation, but altered in line with behavioral changes. These results suggest that the cortico-cerebellar loop fine-tunes motor commands during skilled reaching.
Polymeric poly[[decaaquabis(μ6-1,8-disulfonato-9H-carbazole-3,6-dicarboxylato)di-μ3-hydroxy-pentazinc] decahydrate]
Authors: Yu Jiamei , Wang De-Chao , Wang Bin 
Published: May 2019

The asymmetric unit of the title MOF, [Zn5(C14H5NO10S2)2(OH)2(H2O)10]
n
comprises three ZnII atoms, one of which is located on a centre of inversion, a tetra-negative carboxylate ligand, one μ
3-hydroxide and five water molecules, each of which is coordinated. The ZnII atom, lying on a centre of inversion, is coordinated by trans sulfoxide-O atoms and four water molecules in an octahedral geometry. Another ZnII atom is coordinated by two carboxylate-O atoms, one hydroxy-O, one sulfoxide-O and a water-O atom to define a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry; a close Zn...O(carboxylate) interaction derived from an asymmetrically coordinating ligand (Zn—O = 1.95 and 3.07 Å) suggests a 5 + 1 coordination geometry. The third ZnII atom is coordinated in an octahedral fashion by two hydroxy-O atoms, one carboxylate-O, one sulfoxide-O and two water-O atoms, the latter being mutually cis. In all, the carboxylate ligand binds six ZnII ions leading to a three-dimensional architecture. In the crystal, all acidic donors form hydrogen bonds to oxygen acceptors to contribute to the stability of the three-dimensional architecture.
Distance and the completion of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Dong Lijun , Li Xin , McDonald Frank , Xie Jiaguo 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the significant lower completion rate of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) by firms from emerging economies (EEs) (China in particular) compared with firms from advanced economies, and identify the country- and industry-level factors that affect the completion of cross-border M&As by Chinese firms.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores the effects of economic, cultural and institutional distances and target firms in technology- and knowledge-intensive industries on the completion of cross-border M&As by Chinese firms. It also examines the interplay between distance factors and technology- and knowledge-intensive industries on cross-border M&A completion. This study adopts a quantitative approach and is based on a sample of 768 announced cross-border M&A deals by firms in China between 2000 and 2015.FindingsThe results indicate that economic distance increases the likelihood of the completion of cross-border M&As when the target is in a more developed economy than China, but decreases when the target is in a less developed economy. Cultural and institutional distances have a significant, negative impact on the completion of cross-border M&As. In addition, target technology-intensive industries have a significant direct negative effect on cross-border M&A completion and moderate the relationship between the distance factors and the likelihood of cross-border M&A completion.Research limitations/implicationsThe results reveal factors that affect the completion of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms (EMFs). Further research, however, is needed to discover how distance factors affect how EMFs find, evaluate and negotiate international bids. To broaden the scope of the research, data for firms from other EEs would also be required.Originality/valueThe study expands the literature that considers the effects of major distances on cross-border M&A completion. In addition, the importance of defining and measuring distances in the context of cross-border M&As is highlighted. Finally, the study expands knowledge on how cross-border M&As affect the internationalization strategies of EMFs by conceptualizing and testing how target industries affect cross-border M&A completion.
Exploring inbound tourists experience in Beijing, China: an online deductive approach
Authors: Liu Yu , Liu-Lastres Bingjie , Wang Qiuju , Fu Yao-Yi 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Beijing is becoming one of the top global destinations but the number of international tourists to the city has been declining recently. By analyzing inbound tourists experience in Beijing and identifying the relationship between the destination attributes and satisfaction, the purpose of this paper is to provide important insights into city tourism research and city destination development.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used an online deductive approach and collected 1,254 reviews on TripAdvisor referencing major attractions in Beijing. This study used the Leximancer software to analyze the content of the reviews and to identify the underlying relationships.

Findings
The results showed that international tourists’ experience in Beijing can be reflected via five aspects: attractions, city, transportation, service and people. The results further indicated that the major concern of international tourists visiting Beijing related to the service quality on site.

Originality/value
This study explored inbound tourists experience in Beijing using an online deductive approach. Practical implications were provided with respect to improving international tourists experience in Beijing and enhancing their satisfaction and revisiting intentions.
Serum lipid, homocysteine, and platelet derived growth factor in patients with hypertension
Authors: Aree Patcharaporn , Jomgeow Tanyarat , Thongbunjob Krid , Tachaudomdach Chiraporn 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study serum lipids, lipoproteins, homocysteine (Hcy) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and to evaluate the relationship between serum lipids, lipoproteins, Hcy and PDGF in patients with hypertension.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 85 patients with hypertension (34 males, 51 females) were recruited from October to December 2015 at Saraphi Hospital, Chiang Mai Province using purposive sampling. PDGF mRNA levels of the patients were analyzed using the RT-PCR method. Hcy was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. An enzymatic-colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. A low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level was calculated using Friedewald’s formula. Descriptive statistics and the Pearson product moment were also used in the analysis.

Findings
Among the patients with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high levels of LDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperhomocysteinemia were found in 54.1, 70.7, 25.9 and 44.7 percent, respectively. In addition, PDGF was significantly correlated with Hcy (r=0.705; p<0.005). There was no association between serum lipids or lipoproteins and Hcy or PDGF in patients with hypertension.

Practical implications
The results of this study provide direction on how serum lipids, lipoproteins, Hcy and PDGF can be used as a guide to improving dietary management as a means of reducing cardiovascular disease, and stroke in patients with hypertension.

Originality/value
This manuscript is not currently under consideration, in press or published elsewhere. This manuscript is truthful original work without fabrication, fraud or plagiarism. The authors have made important scientific contributions to this study. The authors are familiar with the primary data, and have read the entire manuscript and take responsibility for it content. No benefits were received by the authors or any member of the authors’ family or the research team, from any commercial source, directly or indirectly related to this work. Moreover, no one affiliated with has any financial interest related to the subject matter of this manuscript.
New product development-processes in the fashion industry
Authors: Sari Rora Puspita , Asad Nabila 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is, first, to examine the design requirements of Islamic fashion in the new product-development process; second, to explore the different practices of new product-development activities from successful and unsuccessful new product lines; and third, to investigate the sequence of the new product-development practice in the fashion industry, specifically the Islamic fashion industry in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaires were distributed and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect information regarding the practice of the new product-development activities. The Mann–Whitney U test was performed based on the quality of the new product-development activities of 100 Islamic fashion firms, including five innovative companies that had won several awards in Indonesia. An analysis of the extent to which fashion firms were engaging in new product-development activities provided a more detailed picture of the sequence of those activities.

Findings
Islamic norms were adapted during the early design and promotional phases of new product development in Islamic fashion. Various choices of design and colour in Islamic fashion were also perceived as a way of preaching to women to dress more accordingly to the Islamic norm. The new product-development activities that were conducted differently for successful vs unsuccessful new product lines were idea conceptualisation, market analysis, technical and engineering analysis, financial analysis and commercialisation. The commercialisation phase was given the least priority of all the activities. Nevertheless, it contributed to the very first communication to the customers about new product lines.

Originality/value
This study makes an important contribution to the deeper and more detailed research on how Islamic fashion companies perceive Islamic values during new product developments and how they perform new product-development activities between successful and unsuccessful products.
Competition law enforcement in Hong Kong SAR and in Ireland: similar and atypical
Authors: Lucey Mary Catherine 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the emergence, operation and evolution of judge-centred models for the enforcement of competition law in Ireland and in Hong Kong SAR. The public enforcement model in Hong Kong chimes with the Irish regime where competence to adjudicate on competition law violations and to impose sanctions is intentionally reserved exclusively to judges. This design choice renders the Irish and Hong Kong regimes both similar to each other and atypical on the global stage, where in many jurisdictions an administrative competition agency investigates suspected infringements, makes determinations of infringements and may penalise infringers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper starts by detailing the current competition law architecture in each jurisdiction. Then, it examines closely the discourse (expressed in consultations, experts’ reports and Parliamentary documents) in the lengthy period preceding their introduction. This approach aims, firstly, to understand why judicial models were chosen over more familiar administrative ones and, secondly, to unearth any similar concerns which had a bearing on the choice of atypical design. Next, it analyses some implications of the judicial model in operation for, firstly, parties; secondly, the administrative competition agencies; and, thirdly, the evolution of competition law.

Findings
It finds the existence of similar concerns surrounding due process/separation of power arose in each jurisdiction. Other similar strands include a sluggish political appetite which delayed reform. Each jurisdiction actively sought to inform itself about international experience but did not feel obliged to copy the enforcement dimension even where substantive prohibitions were persuasive.

Research limitations/implications
It shines a light on the independent response by two small Common Law jurisdictions, which does not converge with popular administrative international models of competition law enforcement.

Practical implications
It is hoped that the decades-long experience in Ireland may interest those involved in Hong Kong competition law, which is at a comparatively fledgling stage of development.

Originality/value
This is an original research and appears to be the first paper exploring the atypical approaches taken in Hong Kong SAR and Ireland to designing locally suited regimes for the enforcement of competition law.
Compensating regulation of land: UK and Singapore compared
Authors: Ti Edward Seng Wei 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The paper aims to analyse and compare how UK and Singapore deal with compensation with respect to regulation of land (short of a physical taking). The purpose is to determine whether the non-compensation in each jurisdiction is justified.

Design/methodology/approach
A comparative method using case law, statutes and secondary material across both jurisdictions (as well as some US case law) is adopted.

Findings
Both the UK and Singapore do not provide compensation when land is affected by regulation, so long as a physical taking has not occurred. Partly because of the abolition of development rights in the UK since 1947, this position may be justified. Conversely, Singapore’s Master Plan seeks a great deal of public reliance and advertises development potential, and non-compensation is not defensible.

Originality/value
There is very limited analysis on regulatory effects of land in the UK, and virtually none in Singapore. This would also be the first attempt to compare this aspect of the UK and Singapore’s planning regime.
Classifying internal audit quality using textual analysis: the case of auditor selection
Authors: Boskou Georgia , Kirkos Efstathios , Spathis Charalambos 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to assess internal audit quality (IAQ) by using automated textual analysis of disclosures of internal audit mechanisms in annual reports.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses seven text mining techniques to construct classification models that predict whether companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange are audited by a Big 4 firm, an auditor selection that prior research finds is associated with higher IAQ. The classification accuracy of the models is compared to predictions based on financial indicators.

Findings
The results show that classification models developed using text analysis can be a promising alternative proxy in assessing IAQ. Terms, N-Grams and financial indicators of a company, as they are presented in the annual reports, can provide information on the IAQ.

Practical implications
This study offers a novel approach to assessing the IAQ by applying textual analysis techniques. These findings are important for those who oversee internal audit activities, assess internal audit performance or want to improve or evaluate internal audit systems, such as managers or audit committees. Practitioners, regulators and investors may also extract useful information on internal audit and internal auditors by using textual analysis. The insights are also relevant for external auditors who are required to consider various aspects of corporate governance, including IAQ.

Originality/value
IAQ has been the subject of thorough examination. However, this study is the first attempt, to the authors’ knowledge, to introduce an innovative text mining approach utilizing unstructured textual disclosure from annual reports to develop a proxy for IAQ. It contributes to the internal audit field literature by further exploring concerns relevant to IAQ.
A comparative analysis of banking institutions: examining quiet life
Authors: Doyran Mine Aysen , Santamaria Zachary Roman 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of banking institutions in Costa Rica over the period 2004–2014.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper employs system GMM, dynamic panel data and traditional financial hypothesis framework to analyze bank performance and assess marketplace sustainability for a sample of commercial and cooperative banks from Costa Rica. In the assessment, the authors visit the relative market power, structure conduct performance (SCP) and efficient structure literature.

Findings
Market share (MS) is positively related to performance whereas the authors find a negative effect of market concentration (Herfindahl–Hirschman index) on bank profits, thereby refuting the SCP hypothesis. The authors accept the “quiet life” hypothesis within Costa Rican banks since a moderate level of profit persistence is detected. Commercial banks are less profitable. Yet when crisis is introduced to the models, it has a significant and negative impact on overall bank performance.

Research limitations/implications
The authors selected years and banks based on available data plus default information in the relevant database. More insights can be gained from post-2014 developments.

Practical implications
The current results and conclusions have implications for developing economies (and economic development, in general) by showing that the traditional understanding of cooperative bank model as better for the public good may not be necessarily true. They offer insight into the understanding of how different bank-type institutions affect the public good. Furthermore, expanding the research to Latin America in order to directly compare commercial and cooperative enterprises via a meta-frontier technique would help buttress this evidence.

Originality/value
This is the most recent study to provide such an investigation for a Latin American country with a sizable MS for cooperative and public sector banks. The paper offers analysis that has been limited in Latin American banking markets thus far.
Cattaneo–LTNE porous ferroconvection
Authors: M. Ravisha , Shivakumara I.S. , A.L. Mamatha 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The onset of convection in a ferrofluid-saturated porous layer has been investigated using a local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE) model by allowing the solid phase to transfer heat via a Cattaneo heat flux theory while the fluid phase to transfer heat via usual Fourier heat-transfer law. The flow in the porous medium is governed by modified Brinkman-extended Darcy model. The instability of the system is discussed exactly for stress-free boundaries, while for rigid-ferromagnetic/paramagnetic boundaries the results are obtained numerically using the Galerkin method. The presence of Cattaneo effect introduces oscillatory convection as the preferred mode of instability contrary to the occurrence of instability via stationary convection found in its absence. Besides, oscillatory ferroconvection is perceived when the solid thermal relaxation time parameter exceeds a threshold value and increase in its value is to hasten the oscillatory onset. The effect of different boundary conditions on the instability of the system is noted to be qualitatively same. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigators would follow the procedure of Straughan (2013) to obtain the expression for Rayleigh number. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model is used to describe the flow in a porous medium. The investigators have used a Galerkin method to obtain the numerical results for rigid-ferromagnetic/paramagnetic boundaries, while the instability of the system is discussed exactly for stress-free boundaries.

Findings
The Cattaneo–LTNE porous ferroconvection has been analyzed for different velocity and magnetic boundary conditions. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model is used to describe the flow in a porous medium. The effect of different types of velocity and magnetic boundary conditions on the instability of the system has been highlighted. The instability of the system is discussed exactly for stress-free boundaries, while for rigid-ferromagnetic/paramagnetic boundaries the results are obtained numerically using the Galerkin method.

Originality/value
The novelty of the present paper is to combine LTNE and second sound effects in solids on thermal instability of a ferrofluid-saturated porous layer by retaining the usual Fourier heat-transfer law in the ferrofluid. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model is used to describe the flow in a porous medium. The effect of different types of velocity and magnetic boundary conditions on the instability of the system is discussed.