bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant Congenital Intracranial Immature Teratoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Shahnaz Gazala , Agarwal Krishna , Jain Ashish , Pal Somolika , Gandhi Gauri 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCongenital intracranial tumour constitute only 0.5–1.5% and are usually associated with poor prognosis. New advancement in imaging may help in early diagnosis. We presented a case of giant fetal intracranial tumour diagnosed antenatally at 28 weeks of gestation in sonography. The magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a large hetrogenous intracranial mass with bilateral ventriculomegaly. Because of the large size of the tumor and associated macrocephaly, the baby was delivered by caessaran section. On delivery, fetal head size was 44.5 cm with wide suture and left facial nerve was involved. Ventriculoeritoneal shunt was inserted on 4th postnatal day, however complete surgical resection of tumour was not performed because of parents refusal. Neonate had rapid increase in head size and expired on postnatal day 16th. The histopathological findings of mass demonstrated a congenital immature teratoma. Neonate expired on 16th postnatal day. Antenatal diagnosis of intracranial tumour is possible with advanced imaging modalities, however an early diagnosis before second trimester is difficult. Prognosis is generally poor and depends on size of tumour, histology and timely intervention.
On the role of secondary motions in turbulent square duct flow
Authors: Modesti Davide , Pirozzoli Sergio , Orlandi Paolo , Grasso Francesco 
Published: May 2018

We use a direct numerical simulations (DNS) database for turbulent flow in a square duct up to bulk Reynolds number $Re_{b}=40\,000$ to quantitatively analyse the role of secondary motions on the mean flow structure. For that purpose we derive a generalized form of the identity of Fukagata, Iwamoto and Kasagi (FIK), which allows one to quantify the effect of cross-stream convection on the mean streamwise velocity, wall shear stress and bulk friction coefficient. Secondary motions are found to contribute approximately 6 % of the total friction, and to act as a self-regulating mechanism of turbulence whereby wall shear stress non-uniformities induced by corners are equalized, and universality of the wall-normal velocity profiles is established. We also carry out numerical experiments whereby the secondary motions are artificially suppressed, in which case their equalizing role is partially taken by the turbulent stresses.
A Note on Business Survival and Social Network
Authors: Zhao Chenlin , Burt Ronald S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWe extend Burt, Burzynska, and Opper's cross-sectional network prediction of relative success among Chinese entrepreneurs by predicting which ventures are still active five years later. The cross-sectional analysis is corroborated in three ways (despite the vicissitudes of a national anti-corruption campaign): (1) Businesses run in 2012 by CEOs with a network rich in structural holes are more likely to be active five years later, in 2017. (2) Survival odds are improved if the large, open network around a CEO in 2012 was initially a supportive ‘cocoon’ closed network when the business was founded. (3) Both results are contingent on capturing theguanxities valuable early in the history of the business. The two network effects disappear when the network around a CEO is limited to his or her currently valued contacts. Beyond corroboration, we find that advantage is concentrated in ventures that began well and had become successful. Network advantage here does not compensate for weakness – it is a mechanism for cumulative advantage, amplifying the success of businesses already doing well.
Text Encoding Innocents Meet the Egyptian Gazette
Authors: Hanley Will 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis short piece describes an experimental course at Florida State University in which undergraduates digitize issues of a turn-of-the-century Egyptian newspaper. Beginning students of Middle East studies can benefit from exposure to raw primary sources. Learning to read and process this newspaper using digital methods such as character recognition and text encoding, they generate a repository of text that can be of value to scholars in the field. Training students to do this work certainly offers them valuable, transferable technical skills. The combination of technical and conceptual work in a collaborative, laboratory setting is not easily accomplished, however. From an area studies perspective, it can be challenging to train students to discern what material is of significance, and how they might proceed to analyze it. Nevertheless, a great deal of knowledge in our field is produced incrementally, provisionally, and collectively. We can use institutional moves to re-imagine teaching to involve even inexpert students in this process of knowledge production.
Mapping the neuroanatomic substrates of cognition in familial attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Muster Rachel , Choudhury Saadia , Sharp Wendy , Kasparek Steven , Sudre Gustavo , Shaw Philip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile the neuroanatomic substrates of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been investigated, less is known about the neuroanatomic correlates of cognitive abilities pertinent to the disorder, particularly in adults. Here we define the neuroanatomic correlates of key cognitive abilities and determine if there are associations with histories of psychostimulant medication.MethodsWe acquired neuroanatomic magnetic resonance imaging data from 264 members of 60 families (mean age 29.5;s.d. 18.4, 116 with ADHD). Using linear mixed model regression, we tested for associations between cognitive abilities (working memory, information processing, intelligence, and attention), symptoms and both cortical and subcortical volumes.ResultsSymptom severity was associated with spatial working memory (t= −3.77,p= 0.0002), processing speed (t= −2.95,p= 0.004) and a measure of impulsive responding (t= 2.19,p= 0.03); these associations did not vary with age (allp> 0.1). Neuroanatomic associations of cognition varied by task but centered on prefrontal, lateral parietal and temporal cortical regions, the thalamus and putamen. The neuroanatomic correlates of ADHD symptoms overlapped significantly with those of working memory (Dice's overlap coefficient: spatial,p= 0.003; verbal,p= 0.001) and information processing (p= 0.02). Psychostimulant medication history was associated with neither cognitive skills nor with a brain–cognition relationships.ConclusionsDiagnostic differences in the cognitive profile of ADHD does not vary significantly with age; nor were cognitive differences associated with psychostimulant medication history. The neuroanatomic substrates of working memory and information overlapped with those for symptoms within these extended families, consistent with a pathophysiological role for these cognitive skills in familial ADHD.
Testing a stepped care model for binge-eating disorder: a two-step randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tasca Giorgio A. , Koszycki Diana , Brugnera Agostino , Chyurlia Livia , Hammond Nicole , Francis Kylie , Ritchie Kerri , Ivanova Iryna , Proulx Genevieve , Wilson Brian , Beaulac Julie , Bissada Hany , Beasley Erin , Mcquaid Nancy , Grenon Renee , Fortin-Langelier Benjamin , Compare Angelo , Balfour Louise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundA stepped care approach involves patients first receiving low-intensity treatment followed by higher intensity treatment. This two-step randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of a sequential stepped care approach for the psychological treatment of binge-eating disorder (BED).MethodsIn the first step, all participants with BED (n= 135) received unguided self-help (USH) based on a cognitive-behavioral therapy model. In the second step, participants who remained in the trial were randomized either to 16 weeks of group psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy (GPIP) (n= 39) or to a no-treatment control condition (n= 46). Outcomes were assessed for USH in step 1, and then for step 2 up to 6-months post-treatment using multilevel regression slope discontinuity models.ResultsIn the first step, USH resulted in large and statistically significant reductions in the frequency of binge eating. Statistically significant moderate to large reductions in eating disorder cognitions were also noted. In the second step, there was no difference in change in frequency of binge eating between GPIP and the control condition. Compared with controls, GPIP resulted in significant and large improvement in attachment avoidance and interpersonal problems.ConclusionsThe findings indicated that a second step of a stepped care approach did not significantly reduce binge-eating symptoms beyond the effects of USH alone. The study provided some evidence for the second step potentially to reduce factors known to maintain binge eating in the long run, such as attachment avoidance and interpersonal problems.
Fast Property Testing and Metrics for Permutations
Authors: FOX JACOB , WEI FAN 
Published: May 2018

The goal of property testing is to quickly distinguish between objects which satisfy a property and objects that are ε-far from satisfying the property. There are now several general results in this area which show that natural properties of combinatorial objects can be tested with ‘constant’ query complexity, depending only on ε and the property, and not on the size of the object being tested. The upper bound on the query complexity coming from the proof techniques is often enormous and impractical. It remains a major open problem if better bounds hold.Maybe surprisingly, for testing with respect to the rectangular distance, we prove there is a universal (not depending on the property), polynomial in 1/ε query complexity bound for two-sided testing hereditary properties of sufficiently large permutations. We further give a nearly linear bound with respect to a closely related metric which also depends on the smallest forbidden subpermutation for the property. Finally, we show that several different permutation metrics of interest are related to the rectangular distance, yielding similar results for testing with respect to these metrics.
Bīsotūn and the French Enlightenment
Authors: POTTS DANIEL THOMAS 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines a little-known case of Enlightenment knowledge transmission centred on the rock-cut monument of Darius I at Bīsotūn in western Iran. It discusses a report on the monument published by the cartographer and historian Jean-Baptiste Bourguignon d'Anville, which originated with the Decalced Carmelite monk Emmanuel de Saint-Albert (born Jean-Claude Ballyet); who transmitted it to Isaac Bellet, a doctor involved in secret negotiations in Constantinople; who in turn sent it to Louis, Duke d'Orléans, in Paris; who passed it on to d'Anville. The collison of scholarly interest, political service and scientific personality offers a fascinating case study of the Enlightenment ‘republic of letters’ in action.
Full‐Waveform Sensitivity Kernels of Component‐Differential Traveltimes and ZH Amplitude Ratios for Velocity and Density Tomography
Authors: Bao Xueyang , Shen Yang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies of the Rayleigh wave vertical‐to‐horizontal amplitude ratios (ZH ratio) assumed one‐dimensional velocity and density structures beneath the receiver, neglecting the effects of three‐dimensional (3‐D) heterogeneities on wave amplitudes. Those studies have well demonstrated that the ZH ratios provide powerful constraints on the crust and mantle structure. However, the azimuthal averaging of the ZH ratios common in those studies means reduced sensitivities to the 3‐D structure and thus the ZH ratios' potential resolving power. We derive equations for the 3‐D full‐wave sensitivity kernels of the ZH ratio and differential traveltime of the vertical and radial components of Rayleigh and P waves, to perturbations in shear and compressional velocities and density. The kernels are calculated based on finite difference modeling of wave propagation in 3‐D structures and the scattering‐integral method. We verify the 3‐D full‐wave sensitivity kernels by comparing the predictions from the kernels with the measurements from numerical simulations of wave propagation in models with various small‐scale perturbations. In contrast to the 1‐D depth sensitivity kernels, our 3‐D full‐wave kernels exhibit patterns that vary with back azimuths and distances within one wavelength of the receiver, indicating the resolving power not only vertically, and also laterally. In places with dense seismic stations, these kernels will provide a powerful tool to obtain accurate and high‐resolution velocity and density models.
The Importance of Spatiotemporal Variability in Irrigation Inputs for Hydrological Modeling of Irrigated Catchments
Authors: McInerney David , Thyer Mark , Kavetski Dmitri , Githui Faith , Thayalakumaran Thabo , Liu Min , Kuczera George 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIrrigation contributes substantially to the water balance and environmental condition of many agriculturally productive catchments. This study focuses on the representation of spatiotemporal variability of irrigation depths in irrigation schedule models. Irrigation variability arises due to differences in farmers’ irrigation practices, yet its effects on distributed hydrological predictions used to inform management decisions are currently poorly understood. Using a case study of the Barr Creek catchment in the Murray Darling Basin, Australia, we systematically compare four irrigation schedule models, including uniform versus variable in space, and continuous‐time versus event‐based representations. We evaluate simulated irrigation at hydrological response unit and catchment scales, and demonstrate the impact of irrigation schedules on the simulations of streamflow, evapotranspiration, and potential recharge obtained using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A new spatially variable event‐based irrigation schedule model is developed. When used to provide irrigation inputs to SWAT, this new model: (i) reduces the over‐estimation of actual evapotranspiration that occurs with spatially uniform continuous‐time irrigation assumptions (biases reduced from ~40% to ~2%) and (ii) better reproduces the fast streamflow response to rainfall events compared to spatially uniform event‐based irrigation assumptions (seasonally adjusted Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency improves from 0.15 to 0.56). The stochastic nature of the new model allows representing irrigation schedule uncertainty, which improves the characterization of uncertainty in simulated catchment streamflow and can be used for uncertainty decomposition. More generally, this study highlights the importance of spatiotemporal variability of inputs to distributed hydrological models and the importance of using multivariate response data to test and refine environmental models.
Differential Impacts of Land Use and Precipitation on “Ecosystem Water Yield”
Authors: Rohatyn Shani , Rotenberg Eyal , Ramati Efrat , Tatarinov Fyodor , Tas Eran , Yakir Dan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEcosystem evapotranspiration (ET) can approach annual precipitation (P) often leaving a residual [P‐ET], referred to as an ecosystem water yield (WYe). Using a mobile lab, we estimate ET and WYe, in paired forest and nonforest (shrub or grassland) sites along the precipitation gradient (285–755 mm a−1) in Israel. WYe was 69 mm in the dry sites and was further reduced by ∼51 mm by forestation. Both WYe and the impact of forestation increased in the wetter sites, with forestation reducing WYe by >200 mm, equivalent to ∼30% of the local P. This was associated with increase in ET by a factor of 2.2 and 1.8 in the forest and nonforest sites, respectively, along the rainfall gradient. Losses in WYe due to forestation approached a maximum of ∼200 mm above P ∼ 500 mm, but the forest WYe could vary between ∼300 mm at P = 900 mm and ∼100 mm at P = 500 mm (with equivalent change in WYe between 500 and 300 mm in the nonforest sites), reflecting the increasing “hydrological cost” associated with vegetation ET and the expected climate change in these regions. The results quantify the interactions of land use and climate on ecosystem ET, indicating that in dry climates, afforestation impact on WYe varies significantly across small spatial scales and can reduce WYe with significant impacts on local hydrology. Such impact may be diminished by management (e.g., plant species, thinning, and grazing) but should also consider the trade‐offs with other ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil protection, and surface cooling).
Effect of Reduced Summer Cloud Shading on Evaporative Demand and Wildfire in Coastal Southern California
Authors: Williams A. Park , Gentine Pierre , Moritz Max A. , Roberts Dar A. , Abatzoglou John T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCloud shading limits surface radiation, thus reducing vegetation water stress and, presumably, flammability. Since the early 1970s, cloud observations from airfields in coastal Southern California (CSCA) indicate reductions of ~25–50% in warm‐season frequency of daytime stratus clouds at many sites, including fire‐prone wildland‐urban interface zones. We use 10 years of meteorological, surface radiation, and cloud observations to statistically model the effects of clouds on warm‐season surface energy fluxes in CSCA. Forcing our model with cloud observations, we estimate that reduced warm‐season cloud shading since the 1970s significantly enhanced daytime solar radiation and evaporative demand throughout much of CSCA, particularly in greater Los Angeles and northern San Diego. Correlation with burned area and live fuel moisture implicates stratus cloud shading as an important driver of warm‐season wildfire activity in CSCA. Large reductions in cloud shading have likely enhanced warm‐season wildfire potential in many CSCA areas when and where fuels are not limiting.
Temporal and Spatial Development of Global Birkeland Currents
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Olson Cameron N. , Korth Haje , Barnes Robin J. , Waters Colin L. , Vines Sarah K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe development of large‐scale Birkeland currents is examined using the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), which measures global Birkeland currents continuously on 10‐min time scales. The integrated current was used to identify onsets of at least 1 MA preceded by periods of quiescence lasting at least 3 hr. The Region 1 currents do not fully form without Region 2. Rather, they develop together, first on the dayside, then on the nightside, and lastly, they fill in and intensify at all local times to form the nominal statistical pattern. The onsets are closely correlated with enhancements of magnetospheric forcing as indicated by the solar wind electric field and the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. Nightside onsets correspond to intensifications of the auroral electrojet as reflected in the AE index; they are delayed by ~40 min relative to the increase of the dayside current and are 2.8 times more rapid than the dayside current increase. After nightside onset, Birkeland currents expand toward dawn and dusk and merge with the dayside currents while also intensifying at all local times. The dayside current pattern depends on the sign of the interplanetary magnetic fieldBY. The nightside current distributions are the same for positive and negativeBYand display a Harang discontinuity independent of the sign ofBY. The predominant development and intensification of Birkeland currents occur after nightside onset at all local times with roughly 75% of the total current, both Regions 1 and 2, appearing after nightside onset.
Hepatitis transactivator protein X promotes extracellular matrix modification through HIF/LOX pathway in liver cancer
Authors: Tse Aki Pui-Wah , Sze Karen Man-Fong , Shea Queenie Tsung-Kwan , Chiu Elley Yung-Tuen , Tsang Felice Ho-Ching , Chiu David Kung-Chun , Zhang Misty Shuo , Lee Derek , Xu Iris Ming-Jing , Chan Cerise Yuen-Ki , Koh Hui-Yu , Wong Chun-Ming , Zheng Yong-Ping , Ng Irene Oi-Lin , Wong Carmen Chak-Lui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), accounting for 90% of primary liver cancer, is a lethal malignancy that is tightly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. HBV encodes a viral onco-protein, transactivator protein X (HBx), which interacts with proteins of hepatocytes to promote oncogenesis. Our current study focused on the interaction of HBx with a transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is stabilized by low O2 condition (hypoxia) and is found to be frequently overexpressed in HCC intra-tumorally due to poor blood perfusion. Here, we showed that overexpression of HBx by tetracycline-inducible systems further stabilized HIF-1α under hypoxia in HBV-negative HCC cell lines. Reversely, knockdown of HBx reduced HIF-1α protein stabilization under hypoxia in HBV-positive HCC cell lines. More intriguingly, overexpression of HBx elevated the mRNA and protein expression of a family of HIF-1α target genes, the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family in HCC. The LOX family members function to cross-link collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) to promote cancer progression and metastasis. By analyzing the collagens under scanning electron microscope, we found that collagen fibers were significantly smaller in size when incubated with conditioned medium from HBx knockdown HCC cells as compared to control HCC cells in vitro. Transwell invasion assay further revealed that less cells were able to invade through the matrigel which was pre-treated with conditioned medium from HBx knockdown HCC cells as compared to control HCC cells. Orthotopic and subcutaneous HCC models further showed that knockdown of HBx in HCC cells reduced collagen crosslinking and stiffness in vivo and repressed HCC growth and metastasis. Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo studies showed the HBx remodeled the ECM through HIF-1α/LOX pathway to promote HCC metastasis.
Paracrine and endocrine actions of bone—the functions of secretory proteins from osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
Authors: Han Yujiao , You Xiuling , Xing Wenhui , Zhang Zhong , Zou Weiguo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe skeleton is a dynamic organ that is constantly remodeled. Proteins secreted from bone cells, namely osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts exert regulation on osteoblastogenesis, osteclastogenesis, and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. Osteoblasts secrete a range of different molecules including RANKL/OPG, M-CSF, SEMA3A, WNT5A, and WNT16 that regulate osteoclastogenesis. Osteoblasts also produce VEGFA that stimulates osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. Osteocytes produce sclerostin (SOST) that inhibits osteoblast differentiation and promotes osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclasts secrete factors including BMP6, CTHRC1, EFNB2, S1P, WNT10B, SEMA4D, and CT-1 that act on osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby influenceaA osteogenesis. Osteoclast precursors produce the angiogenic factor PDGF-BB to promote the formation of Type H vessels, which then stimulate osteoblastogenesis. Besides, the evidences over the past decades show that at least three hormones or “osteokines” from bone cells have endocrine functions. FGF23 is produced by osteoblasts and osteocytes and can regulate phosphate metabolism. Osteocalcin (OCN) secreted by osteoblasts regulates systemic glucose and energy metabolism, reproduction, and cognition. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is secreted by osteoblasts and can influence energy metabolism by suppressing appetite in the brain. We review the recent progresses in the paracrine and endocrine functions of the secretory proteins of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, revealing connections of the skeleton with other tissues and providing added insights into the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases affecting multiple organs and the drug discovery process.