bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preserved Calretinin Interneurons in an App Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Disrupt Hippocampal Inhibition via Upregulated P2Y1 Purinoreceptors
Authors: Shi Anqi , Petrache Alexandra L , Shi Jiachen , Ali Afia B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To understand the pathogenesis of specific neuronal circuit dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated the fate of three subclasses of “modulatory interneurons” in hippocampal CA1 using the AppNL-F/NL-F knock-in mouse model of AD. Cholecystokinin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons were aberrantly hyperactive preceding the presence of the typical AD hallmarks: neuroinflammation and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation. These interneurons showed an age-dependent vulnerability to Aβ penetration and a reduction in density and coexpression of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA synthesis enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), suggesting a loss in their inhibitory function. However, calretinin (CR) interneurons—specialized to govern only inhibition, showed resilience to Aβ accumulation, preservation of structure, and displayed synaptic hyperinhibition, despite the lack of inhibitory control of CA1 excitatory pyramidal cells from midstages of the disease. This aberrant inhibitory homeostasis observed in CA1 CR cells and pyramidal cells was “normalized” by blocking P2Y1 purinoreceptors, which were “upregulated” and strongly expressed in CR cells and astrocytes in AppNL-F/NL-F mice in the later stages of AD. In summary, AD-associated cell-type selective destruction of inhibitory interneurons and disrupted inhibitory homeostasis rectified by modulation of the upregulated purinoreceptor system may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy to normalize selective dysfunctional synaptic homeostasis during pathogenesis of AD.
Heritable Gammaproteobacterial Symbiont Improves the Fitness of Brachynema germari Kolenati (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Kashkouli Marzieh , Fathipour Yaghoub , Mehrabadi Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The pistachio green stink bug, Brachynema germari Kolenati, is an abundant and economic insect pest in most pistachio-growing regions. Some physiological and ecological features of this pest have been studied, but the microbiological nature of symbiotic bacteria and biological aspects of this host–symbiont interaction have been poorly understood. In the present study, we explored the host-associated environment, phylogeny, and acquisition features of the bacterial symbiont of the insect. Furthermore, the importance of the symbiont on the biological (i.e., lifespan, stage composition, and body weight) and behavioral characteristics (i.e., resting/wandering behaviors of the newborn nymphs) of the host were investigated. We found that a rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium was persistently colonized the fourth midgut region of the insect. Molecular phylogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses strongly suggest that this symbiont should be placed in the genus Pantoea of the Enterobacteriales. Egg surface sterilization resulted in the aposymbiotic insects suggesting the vertical transmission of symbiont via egg surface smearing upon oviposition. Symbiotic and aposymbiotic B. germari showed no significant differences in the wandering behaviors of the first nymphal stages, whereas the symbiont-free insects exhibited retarded growth, lower longevity, and adult body weight. Taken together, these data provide a better understanding of the relationship between the bacterial symbiont and B. germari and demonstrate that the insect is heavily affected by the deprival of its gut symbionts.
Yeast strainSaccharomyces cerevisiaeBYT45 lacking the cation extrusion systemsENA1-5andNHA1is suitable for the characterization of TASK-3 potassium channel antagonists
Authors: Riedelsberger Janin , Obando Patricia A , Gonzalez Wendy 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTFinding new potential antagonists of potassium channels is a continuing task. TASK potassium channels operate over a large physiological range of membrane voltages, why they are thought to contribute to the excitability and resting potential of mammalian membrane potentials. Additionally, they are regulated by extracellular stimuli like changes in pH and K+ concentrations. TASK malfunctions are associated with diseases, which makes them popular targets for the search of new antagonists. Identification of channel inhibitors can be a time-consuming and expensive project. Here, we present an easy-to-use and inexpensive yeast system for the expression of the two-pore domain K+ channel TASK-3, and for the characterization of TASK-3 antagonists. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BYT45 was used to express guinea pig TASK-3. The system allowed the expression and characterization of TASK-3 at variable pH values and K+ concentrations. Three known TASK-3 antagonists have been tested in the BYT45 yeast system: PK-THPP, ZnCl2 and Bupivacaine. Their inhibitory effect on TASK-3 was tested in solid and liquid media assays, and half maximal inhibitory concentrations were estimated. Although the system is less sensitive than more refined systems, the antagonistic activity could be confirmed for all three inhibitors.
Antibiotic-Containing Agarose Hydrogel for Wound and Burn Care
Authors: Grolman Joshua M , Singh Mansher , Mooney David J , Eriksson Elof , Nuutila Kristo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wound infections cause inflammation, tissue damage, and delayed healing that can lead to invasive infection and even death. The efficacy of systemic antibiotics is limited due to poor tissue penetration that is especially a problem in burn and blast wounds where the microcirculation is disrupted. Topical administration of antimicrobials is an attractive approach because it prevents infection and avoids systemic toxicity, while hydrogels are an appealing vehicle for topical drug delivery. They are easy to apply to the wound site by being injectable, the drug release properties can be controlled, and their many characteristics, such as biodegradation, mechanical strength, and chemical and biological response to stimuli can be tailored. Hydrogels also create a moist wound environment that is beneficial for healing. The purpose of this study was to formulate an agarose hydrogel that contains high concentrations of minocycline or gentamicin and study its characteristics. Subsequently, the minocycline agarose hydrogel was tested in a porcine burn model and its effect as a prophylactic treatment was studied. The results demonstrated that 0.5% agarose in water was the optimal concentration in terms of viscosity and pH. Bench testing at room temperature demonstrated that both antibiotics remained stable in the hydrogel for at least 7 days and both antibiotics demonstrated sustained release over the time of the experiment. The porcine burn experiment showed that prophylactic treatment with the agarose minocycline hydrogel decreased the burn depth and reduced the number of bacteria as efficiently as the commonly used silver sulfadiazine cream.
Descriptions of Two New Species and a New Subspecies of the Genus Ctenophthalmus (Insecta: Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) from Turkey
Authors: Keskin Adem , Beaucournu Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Two new species and a new subspecies of fleas belonging to the genus Ctenophthalmus Kolenati (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae) were described from Turkey. Ctenophthalmus (Spalacoctenophthalmus) beyzanurae n. sp. was collected from Nannospalax leucodon Nordmann (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Tekirdağ province while Ctenophthalmus (Euctenophthalmus) kefelioglui n. sp. and Ctenophthalmus (Euctenophthalmus) teres anatolicus n. ssp. were collected from Microtus guentheri (Danford & Alston) and Apodemus uralensis (Pallas) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the Aksaray and Kars provinces of Turkey, respectively. Detailed illustrations of new taxa described were also provided.
On the Gaia DR2 distances for Galactic luminous blue variables
Authors: Smith Nathan , Aghakhanloo Mojgan , Murphy Jeremiah W , Drout Maria R , Stassun Keivan G , Groh Jose H 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine parallaxes and distances for Galactic luminous blue variables (LBVs) in the Gaia second data release (DR2). The sample includes 11 LBVs and 14 LBV candidates. For about half of the sample, DR2 distances are either similar to commonly adopted literature values, or the DR2 values have large uncertainties. For the rest, reliable DR2 distances differ significantly from values in the literature, and in most cases the Gaia DR2 distance is smaller. Two key results are that the S Doradus instability strip may not be as clearly defined as previously thought, and that there exists a population of LBVs at relatively low luminosities. LBVs seem to occupy a wide swath from the end of the main sequence at the blue edge to ∼8000 K at the red side, with a spread in luminosity reaching as low as log(L/L⊙) ≈ 4.5. The lower-luminosity group corresponds to effective single-star initial masses of 10–25 M⊙, and includes objects that have been considered as confirmed LBVs. We discuss implications for LBVs including (1) their instability and origin in binary evolution, (2) connections to some supernova (SN) impostors such as the class of SN 2008S-like objects, and (3) LBVs that may be progenitors of SNe with dense circumstellar material across a wide initial mass range. Although some of the Gaia DR2 distances for LBVs have large uncertainty, this represents the most direct and consistent set of Galactic LBV distance estimates available in the literature.
Convective overshoot and macroscopic diffusion in pure-hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs
Authors: Cunningham Tim , Tremblay Pier-Emmanuel , Freytag Bernd , Ludwig Hans-Günter , Koester Detlev 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present a theoretical description of macroscopic diffusion caused by convective overshoot in pure-hydrogen DA white dwarfs using 3D, closed-bottom, radiation hydrodynamics co5bold simulations. We rely on a new grid of deep 3D white dwarf models in the temperature range $11\, 400 \le T_{\mathrm{eff}} \le 18\, 000$ K where tracer particles and a tracer density are used to derive macroscopic diffusion coefficients driven by convective overshoot. These diffusion coefficients are compared to microscopic diffusion coefficients from 1D structures. We find that the mass of the fully mixed region is likely to increase by up to 2.5 orders of magnitude while inferred accretion rates increase by a more moderate order of magnitude. We present evidence that an increase in settling time of up to 2 orders of magnitude is to be expected, which is of significance for time-variability studies of polluted white dwarfs. Our grid also provides the most robust constraint on the onset of convective instabilities in DA white dwarfs to be in the effective temperature range from 18 000 to 18 250 K.
On the photometric signature of fast rotators
Authors: Girardi Léo , Costa Guglielmo , Chen Yang , Goudfrooij Paul , Bressan Alessandro , Marigo Paola , Bellini Andrea 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Rapidly rotating stars have been recently recognized as having a major role in the interpretation of colour–magnitude diagrams of young and intermediate-age star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds and in the Milky Way. In this work, we evaluate the distinctive spectra and distributions in colour–colour space that follow from the presence of a substantial range in effective temperatures across the surface of fast rotators. The calculations are inserted in a formalism similar to the one usually adopted for non-rotating stars, which allows us to derive tables of bolometric corrections as a function not only of a reference effective temperature, surface gravity and metallicity, but also of the rotational speed with respect to the break-up value, ω, and the inclination angle, i. We find that only very fast rotators (ω &gt; 0.95) observed nearly equator-on (i &gt; 45°) present sizable deviations from the colour–colour relations of non-rotating stars. In light of these results, we discuss the photometry of the ∼200-Myr-old cluster NGC 1866 and its split main sequence, which has been attributed to the simultaneous presence of slow and fast rotators. The small dispersion of its stars in colour–colour diagrams allows us to conclude that fast rotators in this cluster either have rotational velocities ω &lt; 0.95, or are all observed nearly pole-on. Such geometric colour–colour effects, although small, might be potentially detectable in the huge, high-quality photometric samples in the post-Gaia era, in addition to the evolutionary effects caused by rotation-induced mixing.
Constraining Lyman-alpha spatial offsets at 3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5 from VANDELS slit spectroscopy
Authors: Hoag A , Treu T , Pentericci L , Amorin R , Bolzonella M , Bradač M , Castellano M , Cullen F , Fynbo J P U , Garilli B , Guaita L , Hathi N , Henry A , Jones T , Mason C , McLeod D , McLure R , Morishita T , Pozzetti L , Schaerer D , Schmidt K B , Talia M , Thomas R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We constrain the distribution of spatially offset Lyman-alpha emission (Ly α) relative to rest-frame ultraviolet emission in ∼300 high redshift (3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5) Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) exhibiting Ly α emission from VANDELS, a VLT/VIMOS slit-spectroscopic survey of the CANDELS Ultra Deep Survey and Chandra Deep Field South fields (≃0.2 deg2 total). Because slit spectroscopy only provides one spatial dimension, we use Bayesian inference to recover the underlying two-dimensional Ly α spatial offset distribution. We model the distribution using a two-dimensional circular Gaussian, defined by a single parameter σr,Ly α, the standard deviation expressed in polar coordinates. Over the entire redshift range of our sample (3 &lt; z &lt; 5.5), we find $\sigma _{r,\mathrm{Ly}\,\alpha }=1.70^{+0.09}_{-0.08}$ kpc ($68\hbox{ per cent}$ conf.), corresponding to ∼0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$25 at 〈z〉 = 4.5. We also find that σr,Ly α decreases significantly with redshift. Because Ly α spatial offsets can cause slit losses, the decrease in σr,Ly α with redshift can partially explain the increase in the fraction of Ly α emitters observed in the literature over this same interval, although uncertainties are still too large to reach a strong conclusion. If σr,Ly α continues to decrease into the reionization epoch, then the decrease in Ly α transmission from galaxies observed during this epoch might require an even higher neutral hydrogen fraction than what is currently inferred. Conversely, if spatial offsets increase with the increasing opacity of the intergalactic medium, slit losses may explain some of the drop in Ly α transmission observed at z &gt; 6. Spatially resolved observations of Ly α and UV continuum at 6 &lt; z &lt; 8 are needed to settle the issue.
Black hole and neutron star mergers in galactic nuclei: the role of triples
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Leigh Nathan W C , Perna Rosalba 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Nuclear star clusters that surround supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei are thought to contain large numbers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs), a fraction of which form binaries and could merge by Kozai–Lidov oscillations (KL). Triple compact objects are likely to be present, given what is known about the multiplicity of massive stars, whose life ends either as an NS or a BH. In this paper, we present a new possible scenario for merging BHs and NSs in galactic nuclei. We study the evolution of a triple black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) system orbiting an SMBH in a galactic nucleus by means of direct high-precision N-body simulations, including post-Newtonian terms. We find that the four-body dynamical interactions can increase the KL angle window for mergers compared to the binary case and make BH and NS binaries merge on shorter time-scales. We show that the merger fraction can be up to ∼5–8 times higher for triples than for binaries. Therefore, even if the triple fraction is only ∼10–$20\rm{\,per\,cent}$ of the binary fraction, they could contribute to the merger events observed by LIGO/VIRGO in comparable numbers.
High Satellite Repeat Turnover in Great Apes Studied with Short- and Long-Read Technologies
Authors: Cechova Monika , Harris Robert S , Tomaszkiewicz Marta , Arbeithuber Barbara , Chiaromonte Francesca , Makova Kateryna D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSatellite repeats are a structural component of centromeres and telomeres, and in some instances, their divergence is known to drive speciation. Due to their highly repetitive nature, satellite sequences have been understudied and underrepresented in genome assemblies. To investigate their turnover in great apes, we studied satellite repeats of unit sizes up to 50 bp in human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, using unassembled short and long sequencing reads. The density of satellite repeats, as identified from accurate short reads (Illumina), varied greatly among great ape genomes. These were dominated by a handful of abundant repeated motifs, frequently shared among species, which formed two groups: 1) the (AATGG)n repeat (critical for heat shock response) and its derivatives; and 2) subtelomeric 32-mers involved in telomeric metabolism. Using the densities of abundant repeats, individuals could be classified into species. However, clustering did not reproduce the accepted species phylogeny, suggesting rapid repeat evolution. Several abundant repeats were enriched in males versus females; using Y chromosome assemblies or Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization, we validated their location on the Y. Finally, applying a novel computational tool, we identified many satellite repeats completely embedded within long Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences reads. Such repeats were up to 59 kb in length and consisted of perfect repeats interspersed with other similar sequences. Our results based on sequencing reads generated with three different technologies provide the first detailed characterization of great ape satellite repeats, and open new avenues for exploring their functions.
Ten-Step Minimally Invasive Cervical Decompression via Unilateral Tubular Laminotomy: Technical Note and Early Clinical Experience
Authors: Hernandez Robert Nick , Wipplinger Christoph , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Soriano-Solis Sergio , Kirnaz Sertac , Hussain Ibrahim , Schmidt Franziska Anna , Soriano-Sánchez José-Antonio , Härtl Roger 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive techniques utilizing tubular retractors have become an increasingly popular approach to the spinal column. The concept of a unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD), first applied in the lumbar spine, has recently been applied to the cervical spine for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). A better understanding of the indications and surgical techniques is required to effectively educate surgeons on how to appropriately and safely perform tubular cervical laminotomy via ULBD.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a 10-step technique for minimally invasive cervical laminotomy and report our early clinical experience.

METHODS
A retrospective review identified 15 patients with CSM who were treated with this procedure. Visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores were obtained pre- and postoperatively.

RESULTS
The mean age of the 15 patients was 73.1 ± 6.8 yr. The median number of levels treated was 1 (range 1-3). Mean operative time was 125.3 ± 30.8 or 81.7 ± 19.2 min per level. Mean estimated blood loss was 57.3 ± 24.6 cc. Median postoperative hospital length of stay was 36 h. No complications were encountered. Median follow-up was 18 mo. Mean pre- and postoperative VAS were 6.4 ± 2.4 and 1.0 ± 0.8, respectively (P < .001). Mean pre- and postoperative NDI were 46.4 ± 19.2 and 7.0 ± 6.9, respectively (P < .001). Mean pre- and postoperative Mjoa were 11.3 ± 2.5 and 14.5 ± 0.5, respectively (P < .001).

CONCLUSION
In our early clinical experience, minimally invasive cervical ULBD is safe and effective. Adherence to the presented 10-step technique will allow surgeons to safely address bilateral cervical pathology while avoiding complications.
Weight Gain Trajectory and Pain Interference in Young Adulthood: Evidence from a Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Tumin Dmitry , Frech Adrianne , Lynch Jamie L , Raman Vidya T , Bhalla Tarun , Tobias Joseph D 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveObesity is associated with chronic pain, but the contribution of body mass index (BMI) trajectories over the life course to the onset of pain problems remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed how BMI trajectories during the transition to adulthood were associated with a measure of pain interference obtained at age 29 in a longitudinal birth cohort study.MethodsData from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (follow-up from 1997 to 2015), were used to determine BMI trajectories from age 14 to 29 via group trajectory modeling. At age 29, respondents described whether pain interfered with their work inside and outside the home over the past four weeks (not at all, a little, or a lot). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate pain interference according to BMI trajectory and study covariates.ResultsAmong 7,875 respondents, 11% reported “a little” and 4% reported “a lot” of pain interference at age 29. Four BMI trajectory groups were identified, varying in starting BMI and rate of weight gain. The “obese” group (8% of respondents) had a starting BMI of 30 kg/m2 and gained an average of 0.7 kg/m2/y. On multivariable analysis, this group was the most likely to have greater pain interference, compared with “high normal weight” (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–1.88), “low normal weight” (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.13–1.87), and “overweight” trajectories (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.02–1.73).ConclusionsObesity and rapid weight gain during the transition to adulthood were associated with higher risk of pain interference among young adults.
Money, morale, and motivation: a study of the Output-Based Research Support Scheme in University College Dublin
Authors: Ma Lai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adapted from the Norwegian model, University College Dublin has implemented the Output-Based Research Support Scheme (OBRSS) to stimulate research performance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to understand the perception of the OBRSS after two years of implementation, its implications on research and publication practices, and the responses to monetary reward as an incentive. This study shows that the effects of the OBRSS on publication practices are intertwined with intrinsic and instrumental values. More importantly and unexpectedly, the study reveals the norms and values concerning academic integrity and research culture, the importance of intrinsic motivation in research and scholarship, as well as morale issues in academic work environment. The findings are consistent with studies of self-determination theory that an incentive scheme can be highly effective if it conveys clear goals and values with a vision of enhanced intrinsic motivation; however, a scheme can be demoralizing when it is perceived as a controlling mechanism.
II Old English
Authors: Lacey Eric , Thomson Simon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter has eleven sections: 1. Bibliography; 2. Manuscript Studies, Palaeography, and Facsimiles; 3. Cultural and Intellectual Contexts; 4. Literature: General; 5. The Poems of the Exeter Book; 6. The Poems of the Vercelli Book; 7. The Poems of the Junius Manuscript; 8. Beowulf and the Beowulf Manuscript; 9. Other Poems; 10. Prose; 11. Reception.
Sections 1, 5, and 9 are by Simon Thomson and Eric Lacey; sections 2, 6, 7, and 8 are by Simon Thomson; sections 3, 4, 10, and 11 are by Eric Lacey.