bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graduate readiness for the employment market of the 4th industrial revolution
Authors: Teng Weili , Ma Chenwei , Pahlevansharif Saeed , Turner Jason James 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is, first, to examine student perspectives of their university experience in terms of the soft employability skills they develop; second, how prepared those students feel for the future employment market and finally investigate whether there are differences in perceptions between Chinese and Malaysian students given their different educational experience.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 361 predominantly Chinese undergraduate students at two universities, one in China and the other in Malaysia completed the 15-item Goldsmiths soft skills inventory using an online survey.FindingsThe results, analysed using factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, indicated that the university curriculum develops student soft skills, particularly in the Malaysian university and supports the relationship between soft skill and student preparedness for employment. The results also indicate that compared with the respondents from the Chinese university, the Malaysian university respondents were more likely to be positive to statements concerning their respective university’s ability to develop their soft skills.Research limitations/implicationsSuch findings have implications for education providers and business in that it is important for universities to embed soft skills into the curriculum in order to develop graduate work readiness.Originality/valueWhat this research contributes is not only consolidation of existing research in the contemporary context of a disruptive jobs market, it takes research forward through analysing student perceptions from two universities, one in Malaysia and the other in China, of the skills they develop at university and the importance of soft skills to them and their perceptions of future employment and employability. Such research will provide insight, in particular, into the role of education providers, the phenomena of underemployment among graduates in China, and be of practical significance to employers and their perception that graduates lack the necessary soft skills for the workplace (Anonymous, 2017a; Stapleton, 2017; British Council, 2015; Chan, 2015).
Telling tales
Authors: Harry Tinashe Timothy , Dodd Nicole , Chinyamurindi Willie 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
South Africa has witnessed an increase in self-initiated academic expatriates (SIAEs) coming into the country from all over the world. This movement of labour can result in South Africa performing better than any other African country. However, expatriation is accompanied by several challenges which affect both work and non-work scopes. Given that more is needed to understand the lived experiences of the expatriates, especially self-initiated expatriates from and in Africa, the purpose of this paper is to provide the basis for interventions to assist the expatriates in overcoming challenges by understanding their lived experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used an interpretivist approach to understand the lived experiences of SIAEs. The data were collected through the use of unstructured interviews of 25 expatriate academics within South Africa. The individual narratives were analysed through structural and thematic analysis to develop themes.

Findings
Through the stories and narratives, the expatriation experience was one framed to be a challenging process. The lived experiences can be grouped into life and career experiences. The life experiences consist of immigration difficulties, family separation, social adjustment difficulties and unavailability of accommodation. Career experiences include remuneration differences, gender discrimination, limited professional development opportunities and communication difficulties, which affect both work and non-work experiences. Person–environment fit did not play a significant role in the experiences of the academic expatriates.

Practical implications
The findings showed that the lived experiences of SIAEs in Africa were mostly negative. Higher education institutions looking at hiring academic expatriates should assist the expatriates to have better experiences not only for individual benefit but for institutional benefit as well. However, this role is not only placed in the hands of the organisation but may also require individual effort.

Originality/value
The findings outlined in this study provide a picture of the lived experiences of SIAEs in an African context. The findings are fundamental in understanding this neglected sample group in the extant literature. They also assist in advancing literature and proposing possible solutions. All this is important, given global talent shortages which have warranted the need for highly skilled employees in countries like South Africa.
How much effort is enough? Unlocking customer fanaticism in services industries
Authors: Quach Sara , Hewege Chandana Rathnasiri , Thaichon Park 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand the antecedents of fanaticism through the lens of attribution theory and “norm of reciprocity”. It is proposed that consumers will reward firms with high perceived effort, including both general and specific effort by increasing their loyalty and becoming a fan of the company.

Design/methodology/approach
The data are collected in a high-tech services industry, mobile phone services. A paper-based survey using mall intercept technique was employed in this study. The sampling design was a combination of convenience sampling (any adult who happened to be at a given location on a given day and time) and system probability sampling (every fifth adult who passed the data collection point was approached and asked to participate in the study). The final sample size is 600.

Findings
The antecedents of fanaticism are identified as both firm’s general effort (i.e. service quality and innovativeness) and specific effort (i.e. perceived reciprocity). In addition, perceived regulatory control moderated the relationship between innovativeness, part of firm’s general effort and customer fanaticism. To be more specific, perceived regulatory control increased the effect of perceived innovativeness on fanatical loyalty.

Originality/value
The introduction of the role of perceived regulatory control in the interactions between firms and customers has not been adopted in previous research and can contribute a new body of knowledge to the current literature. This research has implications for service providers, especially in high-tech industries.
“Please use our ideas”: making parallel organizations work
Authors: Engesbak Vetle , Ingvaldsen Jonas A. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeParallel organizations (POs) perform tasks that operating organizations (OOs) are not equipped or organized to perform well. However, POs rely on OOs’ goodwill for implementation of their ideas and recommendations. Little is known about how POs achieve impact in OOs; this paper aims to examine this important topic.Design/methodology/approachThrough the analytical lens of boundary spanning, the paper analyzes the PO–OO relationship in a manufacturing organization. Data were collected through 31 semi-structured in-depth interviews with OO managers, PO team leaders and PO team members.FindingsPrimary PO–OO boundary dimensions were favoritism toward local practice in the OO, specialized knowledge across PO–OO contexts and power asymmetry favoring the OO. The main boundary-spanning activities were translating, which targets specialized knowledge, and anchoring, which targets favoritism towards local practice and power asymmetry.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings on PO–OO collaboration, especially PO–OO power relations, complement conventional topics in PO literature, such as POs’ purpose, structural configuration and staffing.Practical implicationsPOs should be staffed with team members, especially team leaders, who can translate effectively between the PO’s and the OO’s frames of reference, and facilitate complicated knowledge processes across these contexts. Additionally, senior managers should understand their role in anchoring the PO initiative and its results within the OO.Originality/valueThis is the first study to view the PO–OO relationship via boundary spanning, and thus to identify power asymmetry as a key challenge not previously described in PO literature, and describe how this asymmetry is overcome through anchoring.
A randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial of β‐D‐mannuronic acid (M2000) in pre‐surgical breast cancer patients at early stage (T1‐T2)
Authors: Kashefi Sarvenaz , Omranipour Ramesh , Mahmoodzadeh Habibollah , Ahmadi Hamid , Alikhassi Afsaneh , Hosseini Mostafa , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Rehm Bernd H. A. , Matsuo Hidenori , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: March 2019

SummaryFollowing the potent efficacy of β‐D‐Mannuronic acid in a breast cancer murine model, we evaluated the efficacy of this novel non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug in breast cancer patients in the present clinical trial. The study was an 8‐week randomized, controlled, phase II clinical trial (IRCT: 2017012213739N7 (in 48 pre‐surgical breast cancer patients. Patients who had breast cancer at early stage, with invasive ductal carcinoma, were placed on a waiting‐list for surgery and were allocated to the study. β‐D‐Mannuronic was administrated at a dose of two capsules (1000 mg/d) orally during a period of 8 weeks. The end point of this study was when the patients were admitted for surgery. Moreover, the patients' well‐being status was followed up on for safety. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment and non‐treatment groups at baseline. β‐D‐Mannuronic acid therapy, from 20 patients, showed that in one patient (5%) tumour size was decreased; in five patients (25%) tumour growth was stopped; and in 14 patients (70%) the growth rate in the treatment group did not show significant change, compared to the non‐treatment group. Evaluation of two tumour markers (carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen 15‐3) showed that there was no significant difference between before and after treatment. Although the use of some non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in a long time period has shown a prophylactic effect in breast cancer, their therapeutic efficacy in a short time period is unknown, whereas treatment with β‐D‐Mannuronic acid during 8 weeks could show 30% therapeutic effects in pre‐surgical breast cancer patients.
Broad‐specificity GH131 β‐glucanases are a hallmark of fungi and oomycetes that colonize plants
Authors: Anasontzis George E. , Lebrun Marc‐Henri , Haon Mireille , Champion Charlotte , Kohler Annegret , Lenfant Nicolas , Martin Francis , O'Connell Richard J. , Riley Robert , Grigoriev Igor V. , Henrissat Bernard , Berrin Jean‐Guy , Rosso Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPlant‐tissue‐colonizing fungi fine‐tune the deconstruction of plant‐cell walls (PCW) using different sets of enzymes according to their lifestyle. However, some of these enzymes are conserved among fungi with dissimilar lifestyles. We identified genes from Glycoside Hydrolase family GH131 as commonly expressed during plant‐tissue colonization by saprobic, pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. By searching all the publicly available genomes, we found that GH131‐coding genes were widely distributed in the Dikarya subkingdom, except in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, and in phytopathogenic Oomycetes, but neither other eukaryotes nor prokaryotes. The presence of GH131 in a species was correlated with its association with plants as symbiont, pathogen or saprobe. We propose that GH131‐family expansions and horizontal‐gene transfers contributed to this adaptation. We analysed the biochemical activities of GH131 enzymes whose genes were upregulated during plant‐tissue colonization in a saprobe (Pycnoporus sanguineus), a plant symbiont (Laccaria bicolor) and three hemibiotrophic‐plant pathogens (Colletotrichum higginsianum, C. graminicola, Zymoseptoria tritici). These enzymes were all active on substrates with β‐1,4, β‐1,3 and mixed β‐1,4/1,3 glucosidic linkages. Combined with a cellobiohydrolase, GH131 enzymes enhanced cellulose degradation. We propose that secreted GH131 enzymes unlock the PCW barrier and allow further deconstruction by other enzymes during plant tissue colonization by symbionts, pathogens and saprobes.
Of wildmen and white men: cryptozoology and inappropriate/d monsters at the cusp of the Anthropocene
Authors: Bubandt Nils 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPeople on the Indonesian island of Halmahera claim that the hairy and barely human giants that are said to roam the jungle are seventeenth‐century Portuguese colonizers. Employing the feminist concept of ‘inappropriate/d’, I show how the appropriation of the Portuguese wildman into village narratives, regional political history, and national development plans as well as into global discourses of science and media in each case inappropriately collapses the boundaries that the white wildman is implicated in maintaining: those between human and animal, the colonial sovereign and ‘the primitive native’, cryptozoology and the politics of the real. The wild‐yet‐Western figure, I argue, is inappropriate/d – is ‘on the loose’ – across local, regional, and global registers of reality in ways that trouble linear histories of the wildman as fading from reality into allegory. Like so many other monsters of the Anthropocene, the truthlikeness, or verisimilitude, of the white wildman is enhanced rather than attenuated by recent turns in politics and media.
The Economic Value of Education for Longer Lives and Reduced Disability
Authors: KRUEGER PATRICK M. , DEHRY ILHAM A. , CHANG VIRGINIA W. 
Published: March 2019

Policy Points
Although it is well established that educational attainment improves health and longevity, the economic value of this benefit is unknown. We estimate that the economic value of education for longer, healthier lives is comparable to or greater than the value of education for lifetime earnings.
Policies that increase rates of completion of high school and college degrees could result in longer, healthier lives and substantial economic value for the population.
We provide a template for assigning an economic value to the health benefits associated with education or other social determinants, allowing policymakers to prioritize those interventions that yield the greatest value for the population.
ContextPolicymakers often frame the value of educational attainment in terms of economic outcomes (eg, employment, productivity, wages). But that approach may understate the value of education if it ignores the economic value of both longer lives and the reduced disability associated with more education.MethodsIn this article, we estimated the present value of the longer life and reduced disability associated with higher educational attainment at age 25 through age 84. We used prospective survival data and cross‐sectional disability data from the National Health Interview Survey‐Linked Mortality Files and drew on published estimates of the economic value of a statistical life. In addition, we used data from the Current Population Survey—Annual Social and Economic supplement to estimate the present value of education for lifetime earnings at age 25 through age 64 in order to provide a benchmark for comparing the value of education for health.FindingsCompared with those with less than a high school degree, the longer lives of those with a high school degree are worth an additional $450,000 for males and $479,000 for females, and the additional disability‐adjusted life for those with a high school degree is worth $693,000 for males and $757,000 for females. By comparison, the additional lifetime earnings for those with a high school degree, rather than less than a high school degree, is $213,000 for males and $194,000 for females. Compared with those with a high school degree, the longer lives for those with a baccalaureate degree are worth an additional $446,000 for males and $247,000 for females. The value of the additional disability‐adjusted life associated with having a baccalaureate degree rather than a high school degree is $611,000 for males and $407,000 among females. By comparison, the additional lifetime earnings for those with a baccalaureate degree, rather than a high school degree, is $628,000 for males and $459,000 for females.ConclusionsThe value of education for longer, healthier lives may surpass the value for earnings. Estimates of the economic value of the social determinants of health, such as education, can help policymakers prioritize those policies that provide the greatest value for population health.
Pain management after total hip arthroplasty at five different Danish hospitals: A prospective, observational cohort study of 501 patients
Authors: Geisler Anja , Dahl Jørgen B. , Thybo Kasper H. , Pedersen Tim H. , Jørgensen Marie L. , Hansen Dina , Schulze Louise K. , Persson Eva I. , Mathiesen Ole 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe available literature does not present a “gold standard” for post‐operative pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore and document post‐operative pain treatment, including outcomes, in a large cohort of patients undergoing THA at five different Danish hospitals.MethodsThis prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of 501 THA patients was performed at five different hospitals in the Capital Region and at the Region Zealand in Denmark, from April 2014 to April 2016. The study had two co‐primary outcomes: Pain during mobilisation at 6 hours post‐operatively (numeric rating scale [NRS] [0‐10]) and morphine consumption 0‐24 hours post‐operatively.ResultsA large variety of analgesic treatments were used at the included hospitals and none of the hospitals used the same non‐opioid basic analgesic regimen. For all patients at all hospitals, the NRS–pain level during mobilisation at 6 hours was 5 (3‐6), (median [interquartile range]) and the 24‐hour intravenous morphine (eqv) consumption was 25 mg (18‐35). Although some statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for morphine use, no non‐opioid analgesic regimen demonstrated consistent clinically relevant superior efficacy. In general, pain levels at rest were low to moderate and pain during mobilisation was moderate.ConclusionsAnalgesic treatment routines differed between hospitals. Pain levels, however, did not differ substantially and were in general low at rest and moderate during mobilisation. No non‐opioid analgesic treatment demonstrated consistent analgesic superiority.
Monster or multiplacophoran: A teratological specimen of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) with a valve split into independent and symmetrical halves
Authors: Kingston Alexandra C. N. , Sigwart Julia D. , Chappell Daniel R. , Speiser Daniel I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTeratological specimens deviate from the conserved form of their species. In doing so, they serve as natural experiments that refine our knowledge of developmental mechanisms and the natural limits of phenotypes. Here, we describe a specimen of the West Indian Fuzzy Chiton Acanthopleura granulata (Gmelin, 1791) with a fifth valve split into two halves. Using micro‐CT to non‐invasively visualize the external and internal morphology of this specimen, we find that the half valves are symmetrical and independent from each other and from any of the other valves. The presence of girdle‐like tissue between the split valves suggests that this shell abnormality arose in early development and was not the product of damage to the adult animal. While the present specimen of A. granulata is clearly abnormal for its species, its split valve may provide some insights into the developmental pathways that would underlie macroevolutionary transitions to multi‐plated chiton forms known from the fossil record.
Health‐related Research Ethics and Social Value: Antibiotic Resistance Intervention Research and Pragmatic Risks
Authors: Munthe Christian , Nijsingh Niels , de Fine Licht Karl , Joakim Larsson D.G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe consider the implications for the ethical evaluation of research programs of two fundamental changes in the revised research ethical guideline of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences. The first is the extension of scope that follows from exchanging “biomedical” for “health‐related” research, and the second is the new evaluative basis of “social value,” which implies new ethical requirements of research. We use the example of antibiotic resistance interventions to explore the need to consider the instances of what we term the pragmatic risks of such interventions to evaluate the social value of certain kinds of health‐related research. These (pragmatic) risks severely threaten the social value of interventions in every area where human and social responses significantly impact on their effectiveness. Thus, the social value of health‐related research needed to demonstrate its effectiveness depends on the extent and successful management of such risks. Research designed to take into account the management of pragmatic risks also gives rise to similar types of risks, and the potential for social value in light of those risks needs to be considered in ethical reviews based on the new guidelines. We argue that, to handle this new expanded task, the international system of research ethical review addressed by the guidelines needs institutional development.
Engagement in business simulation games: A self‐system model of motivational development
Authors: Buil Isabel , Catalán Sara , Martínez Eva 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis research draws on the self‐system model of motivational development to explain how the use of business simulation games in class facilitates students’ engagement and enhances their learning. Based on a survey of 360 undergraduate students who played a business simulation game in a marketing course, the findings show that students’ perceptions of competence, autonomy, relatedness and self‐efficacy have a positive impact on their cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement. In addition, cognitive and emotional engagement have a positive influence on skills development and perceived learning.
A kinetic and thermodynamic study of lac dye adsorption on silk yarn coated with microcrystalline chitosan
Authors: Chimprasit Aunlika , Bremner John B. , Danworaphong Sorasak , Sajomsang Warayuth , Gonil Pattarapond , Chairat Montra 
Published: March 2019

The coating of silk yarn with microcrystalline chitosan (MCCh) was carried out using the ultrasonic‐assisted method at a pulsed wave frequency of 80 kHz, which only had a slight impact on the yarn as measured by changes in Young's modulus and percentage of elongation compared with untreated silk. A significant enhancement of lac dye uptake onto MCCh‐coated silk yarn compared with the untreated silk was observed. The rate of dye uptake at different temperatures onto silk yarn coated with MCCh was investigated. It was found that the adsorption rate constant and diffusion coefficient both increased with increasing temperature, as a result of a diffusion kinetically controlled process with a diffusion activation energy of 9.40 kJ mol−1. This suggests that dye adsorption on silk yarn coated with MCCh is a physisorption process. The free energy change (∆G○), enthalpy change (∆H○) and entropy change for dye adsorption were also determined, and the negative values of ∆G○ and ∆H○ obtained indicated that the lac dye adsorption process is both spontaneous and exothermic.