bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Thyroid Eye Disease: Compressive Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Habib Larissa A. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Mathews Priya , De Rojas Joaquin , Kazim Michael 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the association of risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and thyroid eye disease-compressive optic neuropathy (TED-CON).

Methods:
The authors performed a retrospective observational study. All TED patients evaluated by the principal investigator over the past 5 years were screened with the snoring tired observed pressure (STOP)-Bang questionnaire to assess their risk for OSA. Patients were grouped into 2 age-matched cohorts based on the presence (TED-CON) or absence of CON. The groups were then compared using chi-square analysis for binary variables and Student t test for continuous variables.

Results:
Three hundred twenty-six patients were identified to have TED. Of those, 109 were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of high risk of OSA was significantly higher in the TED-CON (59.2%) when compared with the noncompressive TED group (32.8%; p = 0.006).

Conclusions:
Obstructive sleep apnea and TED have each been independently associated with elevated serologic and tissue inflammatory mediators. The systemic inflammation associated with OSA has been implicated in the pathogenesis of disease states aggravated by untreated OSA. Effective treatment of OSA decreases the levels of circulating inflammatory mediators. Currently, smoking is the only known modifiable risk factor in TED. There is evidence to implicate the pathologic elevation of inflammatory cytokines in the mechanism of smoking on TED. This preliminary investigation reveals a significantly greater prevalence of OSA risk factors among patients with TED-CON, suggesting that this may be another modifiable risk factor associated with TED. Based on screening with the STOP-Bang questionnaire, there is a higher percentage of patients at high risk of OSA with TED with CON than with TED without CON.
Are direct-acting antivirals safe and effective in hepatitis C virus-cryoglobulinemia? virological, immunological, and clinical data from a real-life experience
Authors: Passerini Matteo , Schiavini Monica , Magni Carlo F. , Landonio Simona , Niero Fosca , Passerini Simone , Croci Alessandro L. , Bolis Matteo , Scalzi Valentina , Gubertini Guido , Ricci Elena D. , Galli Massimo , Rizzardini Giuliano 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major cause of cryoglobulinemia. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have markedly changed the therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of patients with HCV. We evaluate the efficacy, safety, immunological, and clinical response of different DAA regimens in HCV-cryoglobulinemia.

Patients and methods
Ninety-three cryoglobulinemic patients, divided into symptomatic [symptomatic cryoglobulinemic patients (SCP; n=35)] and asymptomatic [nonsymptomatic cryoglobulinemic patients (NSCP; n=60)], underwent DAAs. Eighty-nine comparable noncryoglobulinemic patients were selected as a control group. We evaluated the sustained virological response (SVR), the adverse effects, and the immune and symptomatic response.

Results
Percentages of patients who achieved SVR and experienced adverse effects were not statistically different between the three groups (100, 95, 93.3% and 57.1, 53.3, 48.3%). In 68.5% of SCP and in 76.7% of NSCP, cryoglobulins disappeared at SVR. No risk factor was associated with the persistence of cryoglobulins. An increase was observed both in C4 (P=0.002; P=0.018) and in C3 (P=0.0037; P=0.031) in SCP and NSCP. About 70% of symptomatic patients showed a complete or partial symptomatic remission: persistence of symptoms is correlated to the type of clinical picture.

Conclusion
DAA regimens are safe and effective in patients with HCV-cryoglobulinemia. The achievement of SVR is necessary, but not sufficient, to achieve a complete immunological and clinical response.
Comparing fecal microbiota transplantation to standard-of-care treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad Y. , Dirweesh Ahmed , Khurshid Talal , Siddiqui Waqas J. 
Published: August 2018

Background
The use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment option for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) is well established. Various studies have used different forms and administration routes for FMT. We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis to update the clinical knowledge about different FMT modalities for curing rCDI compared with medical treatment (MT).

Patients and methods
We searched PubMed and Medline from inception through 10 May 2018 for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing FMT (fresh or frozen) versus MT. We used Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias tool to assess bias in the RCTs. We estimated odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each outcome using a random effects model. P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results
We included seven RCTs comprising a total of 543 patients with recurrent CDI. There was a nonsignificant trend toward resolution of diarrhea following a single fresh FMT infusion compared with frozen FMT and MT (OR=2.45, 95% CI=0.78–7.71, P=0.12, I
2=69%). Subgroup analysis of fresh FMT vs. frozen FMT showed no difference between the two groups (OR=2.13, 95% CI=0.22–20.41, P=0.51, I
2=61%). Frozen FMT infusion through upper route versus lower route showed no difference (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.15–2.54, P=0.51, I
2=0%). There was a nonsignificant trend favoring multiple treatments with FMT versus multiple courses of MT (OR=3.68, 95% CI=0.74–18.22, P=0.11, I
2=0%).

Conclusion
FMT is a promising treatment modality for rCDI compared with MT alone. Different forms and routes of FMT administration seem to be equally efficacious. In future, more well-designed RCTs directed at homogenous FMT preparation and delivery methods are required to validate these findings.
Facial nerve decompression
Authors: Andresen Nicholas S. , Sun Daniel Q. , Hansen Marlan R. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of reviewFacial nerve paralysis is a debilitating condition. Bell's palsy and temporal bone trauma are common causes of acute facial palsy, with recurrent idiopathic paralysis and Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome accounting for a smaller subset of cases. Properly selected patients may benefit from facial nerve decompression. This article will review the relevant literature on facial nerve decompression.Recent findingsThe middle cranial fossa approach provides access to the primary site of lesion in Bell's palsy while preserving hearing. Patients with complete facial paralysis secondary to Bell's palsy or temporal bone trauma, more than 90% degeneration on electroneurography testing, and absent voluntary electromyography within 14 days of onset may benefit from facial nerve decompression. Facial nerve decompression may prevent future occurrences of recurrent forms of facial nerve paralysis. The return of facial nerve function following decompression will occur over weeks to months.SummaryAppropriately selected patients with facial paralysis secondary to Bell's palsy or temporal bone trauma may benefit from facial nerve decompression. Patients should be counseled regarding the risks of decompression and that the return of maximal facial nerve function may be delayed up to 12 months.
Practice Patterns and Utilization of Tube Feedings in Acute Pancreatitis Patients at a Large US Referral Center
Authors: Machicado Jorge D. , Gougol Amir , Paragomi Pedram , O'Keefe Stephen J. , Lee Kenneth , Slivka Adam , Whitcomb David C. , Yadav Dhiraj , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
Clinical trials on tube feedings (TFs) have not been sufficiently powered to change practice patterns in acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to describe the use, duration, and resource utilization of TF in AP patients at an expert US center.

Methods
Of 423 AP patients prospectively enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2004 to 2014, 139 (33%) received TF. Data on TF were assessed in 100 (72%) of 139 patients with complete data available.

Results
Patients on TF were more likely to be male, be obese, have alcohol etiology, and have moderately severe (34% vs 19%) or severe AP (62% vs. 3%) (P < 0.05). Tube feedings were started after a median of 5 days (interquartile range, 3–8 days) from admission and were administered for a median of 39 days (interquartile range, 19–58 days). A nasojejunal route (95%) with an oligomeric formula (92%) was the preferred TF strategy. Feeding tube complications led to at least 1 endoscopic tube replacement in 42% of patients and to an unexpected health care visit in 29% of those discharged on TF (16/55 patients).

Conclusions
Tube feedings form an important component in the management of patients with moderately severe and severe AP. Further studies should define the optimal utilization of TF and ways to reduce TF-related complications.
Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Risk of Post–Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis
Authors: Njei Basile , Sharma Prabin , McCarty Thomas R. , Singh Manpreet , Haque Lamia , Aslanian Harry R. , Jamidar Priya , Muniraj Thiruvengadam 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cannabis on post–endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP).

Methods
The US Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to identify patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis from 2004 to 2014. Cannabis use was identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition codes, and patients in remission were excluded. Poisson regression models were used to derive adjusted incidence risk ratios (IRRs) for outcomes.

Results
Among 37,712 patients with PEP, 0.4% had documented cannabis use disorder. From 2004 to 2014, the rate of PEP and cannabis use increased (8.9%–11.0% [P < 0.01] and 0.20%–0.70% [P < 0.01], respectively). Univariate analysis demonstrated cannabis was associated with increased risk of PEP (IRR, 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50–1.90; P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, cannabis use was an independent predictor of PEP (IRR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4; P = 0.004). Cannabis was not associated with in-hospital death (IRR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.02–1.04; P = 0.06) but was associated with shorter hospital stay (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.98; P < 0.001) and lower costs (IRR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.91–0.92; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Cannabis use was associated with an increase in PEP without significant increase in mortality.
Symptom Map of Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Zhu Yehui , Cohen Susan M. , Rosenzweig Margaret Q. , Bender Catherine M. 
Published: August 2018

Background
Multiple symptoms associated with endocrine therapy have a detrimental impact on medication adherence and quality of life.

Objective
The purpose of this scoping review is to map the symptoms during endocrine therapy for breast cancer to provide implications for current practice and suggestions for future research.

Methods
The PubMed, CINAHL, and China Science Periodical Databases were searched to identify related studies published in English and Chinese languages. References of included articles were reviewed for additional eligible studies. Of the 2551 articles identified, 57 articles met inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review.

Results
Evidence for the 16 most studied symptoms and 15 most prevalent symptoms were synthesized. Five key symptoms associated with endocrine therapy were identified, including joint/muscle pain, hot flashes, low sexual interest/desire, joint/muscle stiffness, and fatigue/lack of energy. Rarely studied but highly prevalent symptoms and other gaps in the symptom science during endocrine therapy for breast cancer were identified.

Conclusion
Nurses caring for women receiving endocrine therapy for breast cancer should assess the 5 key symptoms identified. There remain substantial gaps in the science related to the symptom experience during endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Future studies should focus on the domains of symptom intensity and distress, specific understudied symptoms, symptom clusters, and development of symptom assessment instruments specific to symptoms associated with endocrine therapy.

Implications for Practice
This scoping review identified 5 well-studied and highly prevalent symptoms that should be assessed in women with breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy.
Nutrition support for treating cancer-associated weight loss: an update
Authors: Molfino Alessio , Amabile Maria Ida , Muscaritoli Maurizio 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Patients with cancer present high risk for involuntary body weight loss and reduced food intake, which, contributing to progressive tissue wasting and affecting the nutritional status, are often under-estimated in the clinical practice. In this article, we aimed at focusing on cancer-associated weight loss and investigating recent evidences on the indications of nutritional interventions to treat this condition.

Recent findings
During the last few years, increased emphasis has been addressed on the mechanisms underlying body weight loss in cancer that can be induced by either cancer metabolism and inflammation, either several side-effects of the anticancer treatments. This led to consider clinical parameters, such as BMI, body weight change and food intake, and their modification overtime, in predicting patient's overall survival. In this light, nutritional support has to be considered to maintain or restore nutritional status, improve tolerance to oncological therapies, and ameliorate physical performance and quality of life.

Summary
Increased awareness on weight loss in cancer patients and on cancer cachexia is needed to carry out a nutritional assessment at an early stage of cancer journey and to establish its management and nutritional support to obtain advantages in terms of treatment tolerance and clinical outcomes.
Targeting the divergent TGFβ superfamily cytokine MIC-1/GDF15 for therapy of anorexia/cachexia syndromes
Authors: Tsai Vicky Wang-Wei , Brown David A. , Breit Samuel N. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
To review recent finding on MIC-1/GDF15 and re-evaluate it as a potential target for the therapy of anorexia/cachexia syndromes.

Recent findings
MIC-1/GDF15 consistently induces anorexia/cachexia in animal models. Its actions on brainstem feeding centers leads to anorexia, inducing prolonged undernutrition and consequent loss of both lean and fat mass. Epidemiological studies by multiple groups have linked substantially elevated serum levels of this cytokine to anorexia/cachexia syndromes in diverse diseases such as cancer, chronic renal and cardiac failure, and chronic obstructive lung disease. These elevated serum levels are similar to those required to induce this syndrome in animals. Recent identifications of its previously elusive receptor as GFRAL, has enhanced understanding of its biology and suggests that modulating the MIC-1/GDF15–GFRAL pathway may be a therapeutic target for anorexia/cachexia syndrome.

Summary
Inhibiting MIC-1/GDF15 or its receptor GFRAL are high-value potential targets for treatment of anorexia/cachexia syndrome in patients whose elevated serum levels may justify its use.
White matter aberrations and age-related trajectories in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Tønnesen Siren , Kaufmann Tobias , Doan Nhat Trung , Alnæs Dag , Córdova-Palomera Aldo , der Meer Dennis van , Rokicki Jaroslav , Moberget Torgeir , Gurholt Tiril P. , Haukvik Unn K. , Ueland Torill , Lagerberg Trine Vik , Agartz Ingrid , Andreassen Ole A. , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSupported by histological and genetic evidence implicating myelin, neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown white matter (WM) abnormalities when compared to healthy controls (HC). The diagnostic specificity remains unclear, with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently conceptualized as a less severe clinical manifestation along a psychotic spectrum. Further, the age-related dynamics and possible sex differences of WM abnormalities in SZ and BD are currently understudied.Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) we compared DTI-based microstructural indices between SZ (n=128), BD (n=61), and HC (n=293). We tested for age-by-group and sex-by-group interactions, computed effect sizes within different age-bins and within genders.TBSS revealed global reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increases in radial (RD) diffusivity in SZ compared to HC, with strongest effects in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum, and lower FA in SZ compared to BD in right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and no significant differences between BD and HC. The results were not strongly dependent on age or sex. Despite lack of significant group-by-age interactions, a sliding-window approach supported widespread WM involvement in SZ with most profound differences in FA from the late 20s.
Centrosome Aurora A gradient ensures a single PAR-2 polarity axis by regulating RhoGEF ECT-2 localization inC. elegansembryos
Authors: Kapoor Sukriti , Kotak Sachin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe proper establishment of the cell polarity is essential for development and morphogenesis. In theCaenorhabditis elegansone-cell embryo, a centrosome localized signal provides spatial information that is responsible for generating a single polarity axis. It is hypothesized that such a signal causes local inhibition of cortical actomyosin network in the vicinity of the centrosome. This pivotal event initiates symmetry breaking to direct partitioning of the partition defective proteins (PARs) in the one-cell embryo. However, the molecular nature of the centrosome regulated signal that impinges on the posterior cortex to bring upon cortical anisotropy in the actomyosin network and to promote polarity establishment remains elusive. Here, we discover that Aurora A kinase (AIR-1 inC. elegans) is essential for proper cortical contractility in the one-cell embryo. Loss of AIR-1 causes pronounced cortical contractions on the entire embryo surface during polarity establishment phase, and this creates more than one PAR-2 polarity axis. Moreover, we show that in the absence of AIR-1, centrosome positioning becomes dispensable in dictating the PAR-2 polarity axis. Interestingly, we identify that Rho Guanine Exchange Factor (GEF) ECT-2 acts downstream to AIR-1 to control excess contractility and notably AIR-1 loss affects ECT-2 cortical localization and thereby polarity establishment. Overall, our study unravels a novel insight whereby an evolutionarily conserved kinase Aurora A inhibits promiscuous PAR-2 domain formation and ensures singularity in the polarity establishment axis.
Staufen2 mediated RNA recognition and localization requires combinatorial action of multiple domains
Authors: Heber Simone , Gáspár Imre , Tants Jan-Niklas , Günther Johannes , Fernandez Moya Sandra M. , Janowski Robert , Ephrussi Anne , Sattler Michael , Niessing Dierk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThroughout metazoans, Staufen (Stau) proteins are core factors of mRNA localization particles. They consist of three to four double-stranded RNA binding domains (dsRBDs) and a C-terminal dsRBD-like domain. Mouse Staufen2 (mStau2) likeDrosophilaStau (dmStau) contains four dsRBDs. Existing data suggest that only dsRBDs 3-4 are necessary and sufficient for mRNA binding. Here, we show that dsRBDs 1 and 2 of mStau2 bind RNA with similar affinities and kinetics as dsRBDs 3 and 4. While RNA binding by these tandem domains is transient, all four dsRBDs recognize their target RNAs with high stability. Rescue experiments inDrosophilaoocytes demonstrate that mStau2 partially rescues dmStau-dependent mRNA localization. In contrast, a rescue with mStau2 bearing RNA-binding mutations in dsRBD1-2 fails, confirming the physiological relevance of our findings. In summary, our data show that the dsRBDs 1-2 play essential roles in the mRNA recognition and function of Stau- family proteins of different species.
MSCypher: an integrated database searching and machine learning workflow for multiplexed proteomics
Authors: Kapp Eugene A. , Infusini Giuseppe , Zhong Yunshan , Dagley Laura F. , Speed Terence P. , Webb Andrew I. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryImprovements in shotgun proteomics approaches are hampered by increases in multiplexed (chimeric) spectra, as improvements in peak capacity, sensitivity or dynamic range all increase the number of co-eluting peptides. This results in diminishing returns using traditional search algorithms, as co-fragmented spectra are known to decrease identification rates. Here we describe MSCypher, a freely available software suite that enables an extensible workflow including a hybrid supervised machine learned strategy that dynamically adjusts to individual datasets. This results in improved identification rates and quantification of low-abundant peptides and proteins. In addition, the integration of peptide de novo sequencing and database searching enables an unbiased view of variants and high-intensity unassigned peptide spectral matches.HighlightsOpen-source end-to-end label-free proteomics workflowIntegrated database searching and machine learningCustomisable and extensible workflow including de novo sequencingOptimised for multiplexed spectra, challenging proteomics datasets and peptidomics applications
Cyclin D-Cdk4,6 drives cell cycle progression via the retinoblastoma protein’s C-terminal helix
Authors: Topacio Benjamin R. , Zatulovskiy Evgeny , Cristea Sandra , Xie Shicong , Tambo Carrie S. , Rubin Seth M. , Sage Julien , Kõivomägi Mardo , Skotheim Jan M. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe cyclin-dependent kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6 form complexes with D-type cyclins to drive cell proliferation. A well-known target of cyclin D-Cdk4,6 is the retinoblastoma protein, Rb, which inhibits cell cycle progression until its inactivation by phosphorylation. However, the role of cyclin D-Cdk4,6 phosphorylation of Rb in cell cycle progression is unclear because Rb can be phosphorylated by other cyclin-Cdk complexes and cyclin D-Cdk4,6 complexes have other targets that may drive cell division. Here, we show that cyclin D-Cdk4,6 docks one side of an alpha-helix in the C-terminus of Rb, which is not recognized by cyclins E, A, and B. This helix-based docking mechanism is shared by the p107 and p130 Rb-family members across metazoans. Mutation of the Rb C-terminal helix prevents phosphorylation, promotes G1 arrest, and enhances Rb’s tumor suppressive function. Our work conclusively demonstrates that the cyclin D-Rb interaction drives cell division and defines a new class of cyclin-based docking mechanisms.