bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Clouds in Version 1 of the E3SM Atmosphere Model With Satellite Simulators
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Xie Shaocheng , Lin Wuyin , Klein Stephen A. , Zelinka Mark , Ma Po‐Lun , Rasch Philip J. , Qian Yun , Tang Qi , Ma Hsi‐Yen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study systematically evaluates clouds simulated by the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) against satellite cloud observations. Both low‐ (1°) and high‐ (0.25°) resolution EAMv1 configurations generally underestimate clouds in low latitudes and midlatitudes and overestimate clouds in the Arctic, although the error is smaller in the high‐resolution model. The underestimate of clouds is due to the underestimate of optically thin to intermediate clouds, as EAMv1 generally overestimates optically intermediate to thick clouds. Other model errors include the largely underpredicted marine stratocumulus along the coasts and high clouds over the tropical deep convection regions. The underestimate of thin clouds results in too much longwave radiation being emitted to space and too little shortwave radiation being reflected back to space, while the overestimate of optically intermediate and thick clouds leads to too little longwave radiation being emitted to space and too much shortwave radiation being reflected back to space. EAMv1 shows better skill in reproducing the observed distribution of clouds and their properties and has smaller radiatively relevant errors in the distribution of clouds than most of the CFMIP1 and CFMIP2 models. It produces more supercooled liquid cloud fraction than CAM5 and most CMIP5 models primarily due to a new ice nucleation scheme and secondarily due to a reduction of the ice deposition growth rate.
Cosmetic penile enhancement surgery: a 3-year single-centre retrospective clinical evaluation of 355 cases
Authors: Littara Alessandro , Melone Roberto , Morales-Medina Julio Cesar , Iannitti Tommaso , Palmieri Beniamino 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMen’s satisfaction and sexual function is influenced by discomfort over genital size which leads to seek surgical and non-surgical solutions for penis alteration. In this article we report the results of a retrospective study of 355 cases of cosmetic elongation, enlargement and combined elongation and enlargement phalloplasty. We found a significant improvement in length at rest, stretched length and circumference at rest at 2, 6 and 12 months post-surgical procedure (all p < 0.0001). 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) was also increased at 12 months post-surgery compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). This was consistent with an IIEF-5 improvement of 6.74% compared to baseline. This study is clinically relevant due to the large cohort of patients included and because it is the first study to use an inverse periosteal-fascial suture not described previously as part of the surgical methodology.
Electrical percolation threshold of carbon black in a polymer matrix and its application to antistatic fibre
Authors: Choi Hyun-Jung , Kim Moo Sung , Ahn Damiro , Yeo Sang Young , Lee Sohee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, using three types of resins (each with unique material properties) as a matrix, and carbon black (CB) as a conductive additive, conductive fibres were fabricated through a melt-spinning process. An examination of the electrical conductivity revealed that a CB/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) composite had a low percolation value of 0.58 wt%, and thus the highest conductivity of the three resin types. These results indicate that CB/PET fibres could be used to manufacture antistatic fabrics.
Cyclic permutations for qudits in d dimensions
Authors: Isdrailă Tudor-Alexandru , Kusko Cristian , Ionicioiu Radu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOne of the main challenges in quantum technologies is the ability to control individual quantum systems. This task becomes increasingly difficult as the dimension of the system grows. Here we propose a general setup for cyclic permutations Xd in d dimensions, a major primitive for constructing arbitrary qudit gates. Using orbital angular momentum states as a qudit, the simplest implementation of the Xd gate in d dimensions requires a single quantum sorter Sd and two spiral phase plates. We then extend this construction to a generalised Xd(p) gate to perform a cyclic permutation of a set of d, equally spaced values {|$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

〉, |$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

+ p〉, …, |$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

+ (d − 1)p〉} $$\mapsto $$
↦
{|$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

+ p〉, |$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

+ 2p〉, …, |$${{\boldsymbol{\ell }}}_{{\bf{0}}}$$

ℓ

0

〉}. We find compact implementations for the generalised Xd(p) gate in both Michelson (one sorter Sd, two spiral phase plates) and Mach-Zehnder configurations (two sorters Sd, two spiral phase plates). Remarkably, the number of spiral phase plates is independent of the qudit dimension d. Our architecture for Xd and generalised Xd(p) gate will enable complex quantum algorithms for qudits, for example quantum protocols using photonic OAM states.
On both magnetized and non-magnetized dual stratified medium via stream lines topologies: A generalized formulation
Authors: Rehman Khalil Ur , Malik M. Y. , Al-Mdallal Qasem M. , Zahri Mostafa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe major concern of current pagination is to report the doubly stratified medium subject to both magnetized and non-magnetized flow fields. For this purpose both the Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids are considered in a double stratified medium having magnetic field interaction. To be more specific, a generally accepted rheological liquid around a cylindrical surface having constant radius embedded in magnetized doubly stratified media is taken into account. Additionally, flow field is manifested with various pertinent physical effects. The flow problem statement is defended through generalized formulation via fundamental laws. A computational scheme is executed and stream lines topologies are constructed for the both magnetized and non-magnetized stratified medium to explore the interesting features. It is observed that the Casson fluid velocity towards cylindrical surface is higher in magnitude as compared to flat surface. Such observation is same for the both the magnetized and non-magnetized flow fields. Our general formulation yields some existing attempts in the literature. The variations in local skin friction coefficient (LSFC), local Nusselt number (LNN) and local Sherwood number (LSN) are provided with the aid of tabular forms. It is trusted that the obtain observations via stream lines topologies will serve a clear insight to the said flow problem.
Morphometric analysis in mouse scleral fibroblasts using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Murata Kazuhisa , Hirata Akira , Ohta Keisuke , Enaida Hiroshi , Nakamura Kei-ichiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe sclera as well as the cornea forms the principal part of the outer fibrous coat of the eye, with a primary function of protecting the intraocular contents and maintaining the shape of the globe. However, the exact morphometric arrangement of scleral fibroblasts remains unclarified. The aim of this study was to observe the three-dimensional structure of the mouse scleral fibroblasts by focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). Four eyes from C57BL/6J mice were fixed using a mixture of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde. The sclera was cut out at the equatorial portion and the posterior pole, and postfixed with potassium ferrocyanide, osmium, thiocarbohydrazide, uranyl acetate and lead aspartate. Specimens were then dehydrated and embedded in an epoxy resin. Serial block face images were obtained using FIB/SEM. Three-dimensional image reconstruction and segmentation of the image stack were created using computer software (Amira v6.0.1, FEI). Scleral fibroblasts were arranged in collagenous layers. The cells frequently showed a cellular junction with the neighboring cells and formed cellular networks. Compared with equatorial fibroblasts, there was a more complicated cellular arrangement of the posterior scleral fibroblasts.
Comparative analysis of intestinal bacteria among venom secretion and non-secrection snakes
Authors: Qin Zuodong , Wang Siqi , Guo Dezhi , Zhu Jialiang , Chen Huahai , Bai Le , Luo Xiaofang , Yin Yeshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo further investigate the bacterial community and identify the bacterial biomarkers between venom secretion and non-venom secretion snakes, 50 intestinal samples (25 large intestine, 25 small intestine) were obtained from 29 snakes (13 gut samples from Deinagkistrodon, 26 from Naja and 11 from Ptyas mucosa). 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing results showed that 29 bacterial phyla, 545 bacterial genera, and 1,725 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified in these samples. OTU numbers and the Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson indexes were very similar among the three breeds of snakes included in this study. The Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were predominant bacterial phyla. The relative abundance at the phylum level among these samples was similar, and the difference between small and large intestinal samples was not obvious. However, at the genus level, venom secretion snakes Deinagkistrodon and Naja clustered together according to different breeds. 27, 24, and 16 genera were identified as core microbes for Deinagkistrodon, Naja, and Ptyas mucosa, respectively. Interestingly, the relative abundances of genera Hafnia_Obesumbacterium, Providencia, and Ureaplasma were found to be significantly higher in non-venom secretion snakes, and the genera Achromobacter, Cetobacterium, Clostridium innocuum group, Fusobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, and Romboutsia were only detected in venom secretion snakes. The function of these bacteria in venom secretion needs to be further studied, and these venom secretion related genera may be the promising target to improve venom production.
Modelling changes in glutathione homeostasis as a function of quinone redox metabolism
Authors: Kelly Ross A. , Leedale Joseph , Calleja Dominic , Enoch Steven J. , Harrell Andy , Chadwick Amy E. , Webb Steven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRedox cycling is an understated mechanism of toxicity associated with a plethora of xenobiotics, responsible for preventing the effective treatment of serious conditions such as malaria and cardiomyopathy. Quinone compounds are notorious redox cyclers, present in drugs such as doxorubicin, which is used to treat a host of human cancers. However, the therapeutic index of doxorubicin is undermined by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which may be a function of futile redox cycling. In this study, a doxorubicin-specific in silico quinone redox metabolism model is described. Doxorubicin-GSH adduct formation kinetics are thermodynamically estimated from its reduction potential, while the remainder of the model is parameterised using oxygen consumption rate data, indicative of hydroquinone auto-oxidation. The model is then combined with a comprehensive glutathione metabolism model, facilitating the simulation of quinone redox cycling, and adduct-induced GSH depletion. Simulations suggest that glutathione pools are most sensitive to exposure duration at pharmacologically and supra-pharmacologically relevant doxorubicin concentrations. The model provides an alternative method of investigating and quantifying redox cycling induced oxidative stress, circumventing the experimental difficulties of measuring and tracking radical species. This in silico framework provides a platform from which GSH depletion can be explored as a function of a compound’s physicochemical properties.
Anthropogenic Effects on Natural Mammalian Populations: Correlation Between Telomere Length and Coal Exposure
Authors: Matzenbacher Cristina A. , Da Silva Juliana , Garcia Ana Leticia H. , Cappetta Mónica , de Freitas Thales R. O. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Candiota coal mine in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is one of the largest in Brazil. Coal is a fossil fuel that causes environmental impacts from its extraction to combustion due to the release of different agents, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals. Ctenomys torquatus are herbivorous and subterranean rodents that dig tunnels with their paws and teeth and can be exposed to coal through contaminated food. Exposure to pollutants can cause DNA damage and affect different tissues, inducing alterations in the population structure and genetic diversity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure to coal and its derivatives on the C. torquatus population and to examine the relationship of coal exposure with variations in absolute telomere length (aTL), global DNA methylation and genotoxicity. Our study showed an inverse correlation between telomere length and coal exposure in addition to an increase in DNA damage. The results indicate that coal and its byproducts can contribute to the alteration of the C. torquatus population structure, as evidenced by a reduction in the number of adults.
Assessment of Glyphosate Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Pathologies and Sperm Epimutations: Generational Toxicology
Authors: Kubsad Deepika , Nilsson Eric E. , King Stephanie E. , Sadler-Riggleman Ingrid , Beck Daniel , Skinner Michael K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAncestral environmental exposures to a variety of factors and toxicants have been shown to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult onset disease. One of the most widely used agricultural pesticides worldwide is the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), commonly known as Roundup. There are an increasing number of conflicting reports regarding the direct exposure toxicity (risk) of glyphosate, but no rigorous investigations on the generational actions. The current study using a transient exposure of gestating F0 generation female rats found negligible impacts of glyphosate on the directly exposed F0 generation, or F1 generation offspring pathology. In contrast, dramatic increases in pathologies in the F2 generation grand-offspring, and F3 transgenerational great-grand-offspring were observed. The transgenerational pathologies observed include prostate disease, obesity, kidney disease, ovarian disease, and parturition (birth) abnormalities. Epigenetic analysis of the F1, F2 and F3 generation sperm identified differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs). A number of DMR associated genes were identified and previously shown to be involved in pathologies. Therefore, we propose glyphosate can induce the transgenerational inheritance of disease and germline (e.g. sperm) epimutations. Observations suggest the generational toxicology of glyphosate needs to be considered in the disease etiology of future generations.
Additive effects of inhibiting both mTOR and glutamine metabolism on the arthritis in SKG mice
Authors: Ueda Yo , Saegusa Jun , Okano Takaichi , Sendo Sho , Yamada Hirotaka , Nishimura Keisuke , Morinobu Akio 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlutamine metabolism and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are activated cooperatively in the differentiation and activation of inflammatory immune cells. But the combined inhibition of both pathways was rarely investigated. This study investigated how inhibiting both glutamine metabolism with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and mTOR with rapamycin affects immune cells and the arthritis in a mouse model. We revealed that rapamycin and DON additively suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation, and both of them inhibited Th17 cell differentiation. While DON inhibited the differentiation of dendritic cells and macrophages and facilitated that of Ly6G+ granulocytic (G)-MDSCs more strongly than did rapamycin, G-MDSCs treated with rapamycin but not DON suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. The combination of rapamycin and DON significantly suppressed the arthritis in SKG mice more strongly than did each monotherapy in vivo. The numbers of CD4+ T and Th17 cells in the spleen were lowest in mice treated with the combination therapy. Thus, combined treatment with rapamycin and DON additively ameliorated the arthritis in SKG mice, possibly by suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation. These results suggest the combination of rapamycin and DON may be a potential novel therapy for arthritis.
Herschel-HOBYS study of the earliest phases of high-mass star formation in NGC 6357
Authors: Russeil D. , Figueira M. , Zavagno A. , Motte F. , Schneider N. , Men’shchikov A. , Bontemps S. , André P. , Anderson L. D. , Benedettini M. , Didelon P. , Di Francesco J. , Elia D. , Könyves V. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Nony T. , Pezzuto S. , Rygl K. L. J. , Schisano E. , Spinoglio L. , Tigé J. , White G. J. 
Published: April 2019

Aims.To constrain models of high-mass star formation it is important to identify the massive dense cores (MDCs) that are able to form high-mass star(s). This is one of the purposes of theHerschel/HOBYS key programme. Here, we carry out the census and characterise of the properties of the MDCs population of the NGC 6357 H IIregion.Methods.Our study is based on theHerschel/PACS and SPIRE 70−500 μm images of NGC 6357 complemented with (sub-)millimetre and mid-infrared data. We followed the procedure established by theHerschel/HOBYS consortium to extract ~0.1 pc massive dense cores using thegetsourcessoftware. We estimated their physical parameters (temperatures, masses, luminosities) from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting.Results.We obtain a complete census of 23 massive dense cores, amongst which one is found to be IR-quiet and twelve are starless, representing very early stages of the star-formation process. Focussing on the starless MDCs, we have considered their evolutionary status, and suggest that only five of them are likely to form a high-mass star.Conclusions.We find that, contrarily to the case in NGC 6334, the NGC 6357 region does not exhibit any ridge or hub features that are believed to be crucial to the massive star formation process. This study adds support for an empirical model in which massive dense cores and protostars simultaneously accrete mass from the surrounding filaments. In addition, the massive star formation in NGC 6357 seems to have stopped and the hottest stars in Pismis 24 have disrupted the filaments.
Dust production scenarios in galaxies at z ∼6–8.3
Authors: Leśniewska Aleksandra , Michałowski Michał Jerzy 
Published: April 2019

Context. The mechanism of dust formation in galaxies at high redshift is still unknown. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and explosions of supernovae (SNe) are possible dust producers, and non-stellar processes may substantially contribute to dust production, for example grain growth in the interstellar medium.
Aims. Our aim is to determine the contribution to dust production of AGB stars and SNe in nine galaxies at z ∼ 6−8.3, for which observations of dust have been recently attempted.
Methods. In order to determine the origin of the observed dust we have determined dust yields per AGB star and SN required to explain the total amounts of dust in these galaxies.
Results. We find that AGB stars were not able to produce the amounts of dust observed in the galaxies in our sample. In order to explain these dust masses, SNe would have to have maximum efficiency and not destroy the dust which they formed.
Conclusions. Therefore, the observed amounts of dust in the galaxies in the early universe were formed either by efficient supernovae or by a non-stellar mechanism, for instance the grain growth in the interstellar medium.
Impact of Deployment on Reproductive Health in U.S. Active-Duty Servicewomen and Veterans
Authors: Gawron Lori , Mohanty April , Kaiser Jennifer , Gundlapalli Adi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReproductive-age women are a fast-growing component of active-duty military personnel who experience deployment and combat more frequently than previous service-era women Veterans. With the expansion of the number of women and their roles, the United States Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs have prioritized development and integration of reproductive services into their health systems. Thus, understanding associations between deployments or combat exposures and short- or long-term adverse reproductive health outcomes is imperative for policy and programmatic development. Servicewomen and women Veterans may access reproductive services across civilian and military or Veteran systems and providers, increasing the need for awareness and communication regarding deployment experiences with a broad array of providers. An example is the high prevalence of military sexual trauma reported by women Veterans and the associated mental health diagnoses that may lead to a lifetime of high risk-coping behaviors that increase reproductive health risks, such as sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancies, and others. Care coordination models that integrate reproductive healthcare needs, especially during vulnerable times such as at the time of military separation and in the immediate postdeployment phase, may identify risk factors for early intervention with the potential to mitigate lifelong risks.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialist in the U.S. Military
Authors: Pilgrim Justin , Healy Mae , Yauger Belinda , Torrealday Saioa , Csokmay John , Hill Micah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe U.S. military mirrors the U.S. population given the diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds of the service members. Active-duty military members, veterans, and Department of Defense beneficiaries can be negatively impacted by infertility.
Retrosigmoid Suprameatal Approach for Resection of Petrotentorial Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N. 
Published: April 2019

Meningiomas are the second most common tumor to arise in the cerebellopontine angle. In this operative video atlas manuscript, the authors demonstrate a step-by-step technique for microsurgical resection of a petrotentorial meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle via a retrosigmoid suprameatal approach. Drilling of the hyperostotic suprameatal tubercle was necessary to gain access to the dural origin and anterior petrosal extent of the tumor. The nuances of microsurgical and skull base technique are illustrated including microsurgical dissection of the tumor away from the brainstem and neurovascular structures, facial nerve preservation, and fat graft-assisted Medpor Titan reconstruction to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. A gross total resection was achieved, and the patient was neurologically intact. In summary, the retrosigmoid suprameatal approach is an important strategy in the armamentarium for surgical management of petrotentorial meningiomas in the cerebellopontine angle.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/kwQP6BSYK7U.
Analysis of graphic codes for colour representation
Authors: Iamaguti Mariana , Gadotti Marcella , Henriques Fernanda , Trigueiros Paula 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article is the result of initial tests and studies about two systems for chromatic representation. It introduces and
discusses the use and importance of two graphic codes created in Portugal as well as their graphic application on information and
communication systems in an inclusive manner for individuals with different chromatic perceptions and needs. Designed mainly for people with
colour blindness and visual impairment, ColorADD and Feelipa Color Code are alternatives for colour representation via graphic and tactile
mediums. From pilot tests, the application, usage and impact of these systems on society and education have been investigated via field
research and interviews with their creators, developers and users.