bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ligaments of the Face: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Hwang Kun , Choi Jeongho 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study is to search for the origin of the term “ligament" in the face, present its status, and suggest a principle to rectify the use of unclear terminology.
The structure that connects the zygoma to the skin was first presented by McGregor (1959). Kaye (1981), in describing his “extended facelift,” wrote that the adherent area of the cheek over the malar eminence (McGregor's patch) usually requires sharp dissection. Bosse (1987) reported that the zygomatic ligament is quite solidly bound to the malar eminence and usually requires sharp dissection to release it. The origin of the term was introduced later by Furnas, who stated that when Preddy, a medical artist, prepared drawings for McGregor's slide presentations, she insisted on naming it “McGregor's patch.” With the idea that “perhaps” the “retaining ligaments” of the face share a teleologic kinship with Cleland's ligaments or Grayson's ligaments of the hands, Furnas (1989) observed the structure that anchors the skin of the cheek to the inferior border of the zygoma just posterior to the origin of the zygomaticus minor muscle, and named it “the zygomatic ligaments.” Subsequently, numerous articles have been published using different terminologies that cause confusion.
To rectify the present confusing terminology of the ligament of face, the histologically proven structures should be designated by one term only following the Nomina Anatomica principles.
Cardiac Progenitors Induced from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells with Cardiogenic Small Molecule Effectively Regenerate Infarcted Hearts and Attenuate Fibrosis
Authors: Xuan Wanling , Wang Yan , Tang Yaoliang , Ali Ailia , Hu Hong , Maienschein-Cline Mark , Ashraf Muhammad 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTCardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) being multipotent offer a promising source for cardiac repair due to their ability to proliferate and multiply into cardiac lineage cells. Here, we explored a novel strategy for human CPCs generation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using a cardiogenic small molecule, isoxazole (ISX-9) and their ability to grow in the scar tissue for functional improvement in the infarcted myocardium. CPCs were induced from hiPSCs with ISX-9. CPCs were characterized by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. The CPC survival and differentiation in the infarcted hearts were determined byin vivotransplantation in immunodeficient mice following left anterior descending artery ligation and their effects were determined on fibrosis and functional improvement. ISX-9 simultaneously induced expression of cardiac transcription factors, NK2 homeobox 5, islet-1, GATA binding protein 4, myocyte enhancer factor-2 in hiPSCs within 3 days of treatment and successfully differentiated into three cardiac lineagesin vitro. Messenger RNA and microRNA-sequencing results showed that ISX-9 targeted multiple cardiac differentiation, proliferation signaling pathways and upregulated myogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy related-microRNA. ISX-9 activated multiple pathways including transforming growth factor β induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition signaling, canonical, and non-canonical Wnt signaling at different stages of cardiac differentiation. CPCs transplantation promoted myoangiogenesis, attenuated fibrosis, and led to functional improvement in treated mice.
Location is everything: The hemodynamic effects of REBOA in Zone 1 versus Zone 3 of the aorta
Authors: Tibbits Emily M. , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Simon Meryl A. , Davidson Anders J. , DeSoucy Erik S. , Faulconer E. Robert , DuBose Joseph J. , Neff Lucas P. , Grayson J. Kevin , Williams Timothy K. , Johnson M. Austin 
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is an emerging technology to augment proximal blood pressure during the resuscitation of patients with noncompressible torso hemorrhage. Currently, placement choice, supraceliac (Zone 1) versus infrarenal (Zone 3) aorta, depends on injury patterns, but remains a highly debated topic. We sought to compare the proximal hemodynamic support provided by Zone 1 versus Zone 3 REBOA placement and the degree of hemodynamic instability upon reperfusion following intervention.

METHODS
Eighteen anesthetized swine underwent controlled hemorrhage of 25% total blood volume, followed by 45 minutes of Zone 1 REBOA, Zone 3 REBOA, or no intervention (control). They were then resuscitated with shed blood, aortic balloons were deflated, and 5 hours of critical care ensued prior to euthanasia. Physiologic parameters were recorded continuously, and blood was drawn for analysis at specified intervals. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.

RESULTS
There were no significant differences between groups at baseline or during the initial 30 minutes of hemorrhage. During the intervention period, average proximal MAP was significantly greater in Zone 1 animals when compared with Zone 3 animals (127.9 ± 1.3 vs. 53.4 ± 1.1 mm Hg) and greater in Zone 3 animals when compared with control animals (42.9 ± 0.9 mm Hg). Lactate concentrations were significantly higher in Zone 1 animals (9.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L) when compared with Zone 3 animals (5.1 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and control animals (4.2 ± 0.8 mmol/L).

CONCLUSIONS
In our swine model of hemorrhagic shock, Zone 3 REBOA provided minimal proximal hemodynamic support when compared with Zone 1 REBOA, albeit with less ischemic burden and instability upon reperfusion. In cases of impending hemodynamic collapse, Zone 1 REBOA placement may be more efficacious regardless of injury pattern, whereas Zone 3 should be reserved only for relatively stable patients with ongoing distal hemorrhage.
Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue and seeing further
Authors: Milton Amy L. , Holmes Emily A. 
Published: February 2018

The science of mental life is critical for understanding both how we function, and impairments in our functioning. However, understanding the causal mechanisms underlying mental health disorders and developing new treatments are challenges too great to be solved by any individual approach. There is a growing awareness that translational research—from laboratory to patient and back again to animal models—will be critical for the improved understanding and treatment of mental health disorders. The motivation and intention to pursue translational approaches is therefore strong in mental health research, but critically, opportunities for interaction between basic scientists and clinicians are relatively limited, and vary depending on the institution in which researchers are working. This has promoted the development of a ‘culture gap’ between basic and clinical scientists that limits interaction and sharing of knowledge. Here, we provide 14 examples of contemporary translational research and call for an increased collaborative approach to mental health research that spans clinical diagnoses, levels of analysis and bridges between basic to clinical mental health sciences, including, but not limited to, psychology and neuroscience. What is needed is an inclusive and integrated approach, bringing together scientists working at all levels of enquiry with clinicians providing insights on what works (and what does not). To stimulate the much-needed innovation in therapeutic techniques, an analysis of component parts is critical. Our approach suggests simplifying complex behaviours into distinct psychological components. Asking collaboratively driven scientific questions about dysfunction will also benefit our fundamental understanding of mental life.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists'.
The neural correlates of temperamental inhibitory control in toddlers
Authors: Hoyniak Caroline P. , Petersen Isaac T. , Bates John E. , Molfese Dennis L. 
Published: February 2018

The current study examined the association between effortful control and a well-studied neural index of self-regulation, the N2 event-related potential (ERP) component, in toddlers. Participants included 107 toddlers (44 girls) assessed at 30, 36 and 42 months of age. Participants completed a Go/NoGo task while electroencephalography data were recorded. The study focused on the N2 ERP component. Parent-reported effortful control was examined in association with the NoGo N2 ERP component. Findings suggest a positive association between the NoGo N2 component and the inhibitory control subscale of the wider effortful control dimension, suggesting that the N2 component may index processes associated with temperamental effortful control.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Assessing the continuum between temperament and affective illness: psychiatric and mathematical perspectives
Authors: Sulis William 
Published: February 2018

Temperament of healthy people and mental illnesses, particularly affective disorders, have been conjectured to lie along a continuum of neurobehavioural regulation. Understanding the nature of this continuum may better inform the construction of taxonomies for both categories of behaviour. Both temperament and mental illness refer to patterns of behaviour that manifest over long time scales (weeks to years) and they appear to share many underlying neuroregulatory systems. This continuum is discussed from the perspectives of nonlinear dynamical systems theory, neurobiology and psychiatry as applied to understanding such multiscale time-series behaviour. Particular emphasis is given to issues of generativity, fungibility, metastability, non-stationarity and contextuality. Implications of these dynamical properties for the development of taxonomies will be discussed. Problems with the over-reliance of psychologists on statistical and mathematical methods in deriving their taxonomies (particularly those based on factor analysis) will be discussed from a dynamical perspective. An alternative approach to temperament based upon functionality, and its discriminative capabilities in mental illness, is presented.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences’.
Biased parasitoid sex ratios:Wolbachia, functional traits, local and landscape effects
Authors: László Zoltán , Dénes Avar-Lehel , Király Lajos , Tóthmérész Béla 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdult sex ratio (ASR) is a demographic key parameter, being essential for the survival and dynamics of a species populations. Biased ASR are adaptations to the environment on different scales, resulted by different mechanisms as inbreeding, mating behaviour, resource limitations, endosymbionts such asWolbachia, and changes in density or spatial distribution. Parasitoid ASRs are also known to be strongly biased. But less information is available on large scale variable effects such as landscape composition or fragmentation. We aimed to study whether the landscape scale does affect the ASR of parasitoids belonging to the same tritrophic gall inducer community. We examined effects of characteristics on different scales as functional trait, local and landscape scale environment on parasitoid ASR. On species level ovipositor length, on local scale resource amount and density, while on landscape scale habitat amount, land use and landscape history were the examined explanatory variables. We controlled for the incidence and prevalence ofWolbachiainfections. Parasitoid ASR is best explained by ovipositor length: with which increase ASR also increases; and available resource amount: with the gall diameter increase ASR decreases. On large scale the interaction of functional traits with habitat size also explained significantly the parasitoid ASRs. Our results support the hypothesis that large scale environmental characteristics affect parasitoid ASRs besides intrinsic and local characteristics.
Species delimitation and biogeography of the gnatcatchers and gnatwrens (Aves: Polioptilidae)
Authors: Smith Brian Tilston , Bryson Robert W. , Mauck William M. , Chaves Jaime , Robbins Mark B. , Aleixo Alexandre , Klicka John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe New World avian family Polioptilidae (gnatcatchers and gnatwrens) is distributed from Argentina to Canada and includes 15 species and more than 60 subspecies. No study to date has evaluated phylogenetic relationships within this family and the historical pattern of diversification within the group remains unknown. Moreover, species limits, particularly in widespread taxa that show geographic variation, remain unclear. In this study, we delimited species and estimated phylogenetic relationships using multilocus data for the entire family. We then used the inferred diversity along with alternative taxonomic classification schemes to evaluate how lumping and splitting of both taxa and geographical areas influenced biogeographic inference. Species-tree analyses grouped Polioptilidae into four main clades:Microbates,Ramphocaenus, aPolioptila guianensiscomplex, and the remaining members ofPolioptila.Ramphocaenus melanuruswas sister to the clade containingM. cinereiventrisandM. collaris, which formed a clade sister to all species withinPolioptila.Polioptilawas composed of two clades, the first of which included theP. guianensiscomplex; the other contained all remaining species in the genus. Using multispecies coalescent modeling, we inferred a more than 3-fold increase in species diversity, of which 87% represent currently recognized species or subspecies. Much of this diversity corresponded to subspecies that occur in the Neotropics. We identified three polyphyletic species, and delimited 4–6 previously undescribed candidate taxa. Probabilistic modeling of geographic ranges on the species tree indicated that the family likely had an ancestral origin in South America, with all three genera independently colonizing North America. Support for this hypothesis, however, was sensitive to the taxonomic classification scheme used and the number of geographical areas allowed. Our study proposes the first phylogenetic hypothesis for Polioptilidae and provides genealogical support for the reclassification of species limits. Species limits and the resolution of geographical areas that taxa inhabit influence the inferred spatial diversification history.
A Signature of Passivity? An Explorative Study of the N3 Event-Related Potential Component in Passive Oddball Tasks
Authors: Kotchoubey Boris , Pavlov Yuri G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany passive oddball experiments show a sharp negative deflection N3 after P3b, peaking between 400 and 500 ms, but this wave has never been analyzed properly. We conducted five passive oddball experiments, in which the number of deviants (i.e., one or two), their alleged meaning, and their distinctiveness varied.ResultsMastoid- or common-referenced waveforms showed a fronto-central N3 in all experiments. The data were CSD (Current Source Density) transformed and underwent a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The PCA revealed N3 containing two subcomponents with very stable peak latencies of about 415 and 455 ms, respectively. Both topography of the subcomponents and their variation with experimental conditions were very similar, indicating a midfrontal sink and a posterior temporal source. An analysis of P3a and P3b components replicated previously known effects.ConclusionsWe discuss the similarities and differences between the passive N3 and other components including the MMN, N1, late positive Slow Wave, and reorienting negativity. We also make general hypotheses about a possible functional meaning of N3; on this basis, specific hypotheses are formulated and further experiments are suggested to test these hypotheses.
Structural basis of human 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) regulation by phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine inhibition
Authors: Froese D. Sean , Kopec Jola , Rembeza Elzbieta , Bezerra Gustavo Arruda , Oberholzer Anselm Erich , Suormala Terttu , Lutz Seraina , Chalk Rod , Borkowska Oktawia , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Yue Wyatt W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe folate and methionine cycles are crucial to the biosynthesis of lipids, nucleotides and proteins, and production of the global methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) represents a key regulatory connection between these cycles, generating 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for initiation of the methionine cycle, and undergoing allosteric inhibition by its end product SAM. Our 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of human MTHFR reveals a unique architecture, appending the well-conserved catalytic TIM-barrel to a eukaryote-only SAM-binding domain. The latter domain of novel fold provides the predominant interface for MTHFR homo-dimerization, positioning the N-terminal serine-rich phosphorylation region into proximity with the C-terminal SAM-binding domain. This explains how MTHFR phosphorylation, identified on 11 N-terminal residues (16-total), increases sensitivity to SAM binding and inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate the 25-amino-acid inter-domain linker enables conformational plasticity and propose it to be a key mediator of SAM regulation.
Sex-biased long non-coding RNAs negatively correlated with sex-opposite protein coding gene co-expression networks in Diversity Outbred mouse liver
Authors: Melia Tisha , Waxman David J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSex differences in liver gene expression and disease susceptibility are regulated by pituitary growth hormone secretion patterns, which activate sex-dependent liver transcription factors and establish sex-specific chromatin states. Ablation of pituitary hormone by hypophysectomy (hypox) has identified two major classes of liver sex-biased genes, defined by their sex-dependent positive or negative responses to hypox, respectively; however, the mechanisms that determine the hypox responsiveness of each gene class are unknown. Here, we sought to discover candidate regulatory long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that control hypox responsiveness. First, we used mouse liver RNA-seq data for 30 different biological conditions to discover gene structures and expression patterns for ~15,500 liver-expressed lncRNAs, including antisense and intragenic lncRNAs, as well as lncRNAs that overlap active enhancers, marked by enhancer RNAs. We identified >200 robust sex-specific liver lncRNAs, including 157 whose expression is regulated during postnatal liver development or is subject to circadian oscillations. Next, we utilized the high natural allelic variance of Diversity Outbred (DO) mice, a multi-parental outbred population, to discover tightly co-expressed clusters of sex-specific protein-coding genes (gene modules) in male liver, and separately, in female liver. Sex differences in the gene modules identified were extensive. Remarkably, many gene modules were strongly enriched for male-specific or female-specific genes belonging to a single hypox-response classes, indicating that the genetic heterogeneity of DO mice captures responsiveness to hypox. Hypox-responsiveness was shown to be facilitated by multiple, distinct gene regulatory mechanisms, indicating its complex nature. Further, we identified 16 sex-specific lncRNAs whose expression across DO mouse livers showed an unexpected significant negative correlation with protein-coding gene modules enriched for genes of the opposite-sex bias and inverse hypox response class, indicating strong negative regulatory potential for these lncRNAs. Thus, we used a genetically diverse outbred mouse population to discover tightly co-expressed sex-specific gene modules that reveal broad characteristics of gene regulation related to responsiveness to hypox, and generated testable hypotheses for regulatory roles of sex-biased liver lncRNAs that control the sex-bias in liver gene expression.
The Ocean Gene Atlas: exploring the biogeography of plankton genes online
Authors: Villar Emilie , Vannier Thomas , Vernette Caroline , Lescot Magali , Alexandre Aurélien , Bachelerie Paul , Rosnet Thomas , Pelletier Eric , Sunagawa Shinichi , Hingamp Pascal 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe Ocean Gene Atlas is a web service to explore the biogeography of genes from marine planktonic organisms. It allows users to query protein or nucleotide sequences against global ocean reference gene catalogs. With just one click, the abundance and location of target sequences are visualized on world maps as well as their taxonomic distribution. Interactive results panels allow for adjusting cutoffs for homology and displaying the abundances of genes in the context of environmental features (temperature, nutrients, etc.) measured at the time of sampling. The ease of use enables non-bioinformaticians to explore quantitative and contextualized information on genes of interest in the global ocean ecosystem. Currently the Ocean Gene Atlas is deployed with i) the Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalog (OM-RGC) comprising 40 million non-redundant mostly prokaryotic gene sequences, and ii) the Marine Atlas of Tara Ocean Unigenes (MATOU) composed of >116 million eukaryote unigenes, both produced by the Tara Oceans sequencing effort. Additional datasets will be added upon availability of further marine environmental datasets that provide the required complement of sequence assemblies, raw reads and contextual environmental parameters. Ocean Gene Atlas is a freely-available web service at: http://tara-oceans.mio.osupytheas.fr/ocean-gene-atlas/.
SMuRF: a novel tool to identify genomic regions enriched for somatic point mutations
Authors: Guilhamon Paul , Lupien Mathieu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivationSingle Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), including somatic point mutations and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), in noncoding cis-regulatory elements (CREs) can affect gene regulation and lead to disease development (Zhou et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2014). Others have previously developed methods to identify important clusters of somatic point mutations based on proximity (Weinhold et al., 2014) or the enrichment of inherited risk-SNPs at CREs (Ahmed et al., 2017). Here, we present SMuRF (Significantly Mutated Region Finder), a user-friendly command-line tool to identify these significantly mutated regions from user-defined genomic intervals and SNVs.ResultsSMuRF identified 72 significantly mutated CREs in liver cancer, including known mutated gene promoters as well as previously unreported regions.AvailabilityThe source code for SMuRF is open-source and freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/LupienLabOrganization/SMuRF) under the GNU GPLv3 license. SMuRF is implemented in Bash and R; it runs on any platform with Bash (≥4.1.2), R (≥3.3.0) and BEDTools (≥2.26.0). It requires the following R packages: GenomicRanges, gtools, gplots, ggplot2, data.table, psych, and dplyr.Supplementary InformationSupplementary information available at Bioinformatics online.Contactpaul.guilhamon@uhnresearch.ca; mlupien@uhnres.utoronto.ca