bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CsPbBr3 nanocrystal for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser*
Authors: Zhou Yan , Zhang Renli , Li Xia , Kuan Peiwen , He Dongyu , Hou Jingshan , Liu Yufeng , Fang Yongzheng , Liao Meisong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
CsPbBr3 nanocrystal is used as the saturable absorber (SA) for mode-locking Tm-doped fiber laser in a ring fiber cavity. The modulation depth, saturable intensity, and non-saturable loss of the fabricated SA are 14.1%, 2.5 MW/cm2, and 5.9%, respectively. In the mode-locking operation, the mode-locked pulse train has a repetition rate of 16.6 MHz with pulse width of 24.2 ps. The laser wavelength is centered at 1992.9 nm with 3-dB spectrum width of 2.5 nm. The maximum output power is 110 mW with slope efficiency of 7.1%. Our experiment shows that CsPbBr3 nanocrystal can be used as an efficient SA in the 2-

μ
m

wavelength region.
Deviation of white diffuse reflectance standards from perfect reflecting diffuser at visible and near-infrared spectral ranges
Authors: Bernad B , Ferrero A , Strothkämper C , Campos J , Pons A , Quast T , Hauer K-O , Schirmacher A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The assumption that the reflectance of white diffuse reflectance standards is identical to that of the perfect reflecting diffuser (PRD) allows these standards to be used to characterize reflectance or radiance factors of any surface at any irradiation/collection geometry simply by comparison. However, this assumption is only true within certain limits, and, for some applications, requirements may be out of those limits. PTB and IO-CSIC have studied the variation of the reflectance with respect to the bidirectional geometry for the four most typical white diffuse materials (barium sulfate, opal glass, ceramic and Spectralon), at in- and out-of plane geometries and at spectral range from 380 nm to 1700 nm. We have defined descriptors in order to more clearly quantify the spectral reflectance variation with the bidirectional geometries. The values obtained for these descriptors have been separately presented for the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges. In both spectral ranges, deviations of white diffuse reflectance standards with respect to the PRD were found, regarding both Lambertian behaviour and spectral constancy. The observed deviation from the BRDF is in general very large for high incidence and collection angles (reaching in many cases 20%). Therefore, it is not possible to assume Lambertianity in standards at those geometries when calibrating measuring systems.
A new framework for optimisation of Pressurised Water Reactor design as a trigeneration system
Authors: Jamaluddin K , Wan Alwi S R , Hamzah K , Abdul Manan Z , Klemeš J J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Conventional nuclear power reactors convert between 30 – 35 % only of the total energy input into electricity while the remaining was wasted. The waste heat is sometimes used for desalination processes while the remaining heat is transferred to a cooling media or lost to the surrounding. Therefore, heat from nuclear reactor can be used to produce heat and power, as well as for cooling in a trigeneration system. This paper presents the Trigeneration System Cascade Analysis (TriGenSCA) for an optimal Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) design. The TriGenSCA framework allows engineers to determine an optimum utility generation system size and estimate the required amount of external utilities. The analysis includes data extraction, cascade analysis for size estimation and calculation of the new trigeneration system size. The technique also enables users to determine accurate results for energy minimisation based on demand fluctuations. Application of the framework on a case study presented on this paper demonstrates the trigeneration PWR system successfully saved energy of 328GWh/y (97 %).
Investigation on the gamma sources integrity inside a dry pit storage
Authors: Darmawan Rosli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One of the primary concerns in the operation of nuclear related facilities is the safety of the system. Worldwide publicity on a few nuclear accidents as well as the notorious Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing have always brought about public fear on anything related to nuclear. Thus, investigation and analysis on the safety system shall be continuously conducted to determine the safety condition of the facilities. In the early days, analytical and experimental methods were employed. However, this approach is limited to low risk experimentation. With the advancement of computer technology, specific computer codes were used to predict and analyse high risk safety issues such as the fall-out from a nuclear explosion or analysis of melt down occurrence in a reactor core. This paper discusses a prediction model on a gamma irradiation facility source pit which having failure on its air cooling system. The CFD model predicts the temperature of the gamma sources under such situation to determine its integrity.
Beam characterization of new neutron radiography facility at TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI research reactor
Authors: Sarkawi Muhammad Syahir , Zainal Jasman , Jamro Rafhayudi , Mohamed Zain Muhammad Rawi , Mohamad Idris Faridah , Yazid Khair’iah , Yassin Arshad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Characterization of neutron beam compositions is important in order to capture great radiographic images. The quality of the neutron beam has significant impacts to the radiographic images produced using that beam. Characterizing of the beam, including determination of the effective value for the thermal neutron content, scattered neutron content, gamma content, and pair production content as well as beam sensitivity, is vital for producing quality radiographic images. This paper provides a characterization of the neutron radiography’s beam port (beam port 3) at TRIGA Mark II PUSPATI research reactor (RTP). The experiments to determine the effective beam contents and neutron radiograph sensitivity at the beam are based on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards document E545. The Beam Purity Indicator (BPI) and Sensitivity Indicator (SI) are the standard used in these experiments. Neutron radiographic imaging of this standard was performed using direct radiographic method with 0.1 mm thickness Gadolinium (Gd) metal converter and film. Characterization of the beam was carried out for 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes exposure time at 750 kW reactor operating power. The standard was placed at 110 cm from the beam opening. The current neutron beam performances are compared with previous results.
Monte Carlo studies for the radiation shielding in the bunker of the electron beam accelerator using PHITS
Authors: Mohd Zin Mohd Faiz , Md Chulan Mohd Rizal , Kwee Wah Leo , Halim Baijan Abd , Mohd Sabri Rokiah , Azhar Ahmad Mohd , Mokhtar Mukhlis , Abd Malik Khaidawaton 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) is a Monte Carlo simulation program used for transport and collision of nearly all particles over wide energy range. One of its useful features for accelerator facility design is the calculation of dose distribution. This paper describes how the geometry of the bunker for low electron beam accelerator in Nuklear Malaysia (NM) was modelled and used to calculate the equivalent dose caused by the radiation for specific region in the bunker by using PHITS. The dose distribution and energy deposition were obtained. Finally, the simulation results are compared to the measured value from the dose measurement testing inside the bunker facility and found both results are in a good agreement.
Study on the filament power supply of the 300 keV electron accelerator
Authors: Kwee Wah Leo , Azhar M. , Chulan R.M. , Hashim S.A. , Mokhtar M. , Khaidawaton  , Baijan H. , Sabri R.M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the study and development of the filament power supply. This locally designed low energy electron accelerator with the present energy of 140 keV will be upgraded to 300 keV. The filaments are used to heating-up and produce the electron. The produced electron will be accelerated through a potential different by a DC High Voltage Power Supply (DCHVPS). Whereby this filament power supply is connected with the DCHVPS, therefore the isolation of high voltage is required. For such purpose, the specifications and the isolation mechanisms of the filament power supply have been identified. As the result, the filament power supply by using an air core transformer has been selected and developed with the required heating power.
Impact of gamma and electron irradiations on superconducting properties of Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) superconductor
Authors: Mohiju Zaahidah’ Atiqah , Hamid Nasri A. , Abdullah Yusof 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In several studies on the impact of radiation towards superconductor, there were evidences that changes may occur in superconducting properties due to alteration in lattice structure of HTS materials. In this work, the solid-state reaction method was employed in preparing the bulk samples of Bi1.6 Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (hereafter Bi-2223) superconductor. The samples were then irradiated with gamma and electron sources with dosage of 100 kGray each. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns were used to determine the phases that present in the samples. Results of XRD patterns for both the non-irradiated and irradiated samples showed well-defined peaks all of which could be indexed based on the Bi-2223 phase structure. Besides, the XRD patterns indicate that gamma and electron irradiations did not affect the Bi-2223 superconducting phase structure. Measurements of the critical temperature, TC and the critical current density, JC of all the samples were conducted before and after irradiation using AC susceptibility technique. TC for non-irradiated, electron irradiated and gamma irradiated sample is 97 K, 95 K and 103 K, respectively. On the other hand the JC for non-irradiated, electron irradiated and gamma irradiated sample is 1618 A/cm2 1729 A/cm2 and 1549 A/cm2 respectively. Results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs show improvement in the grain growth and disorientation in the texture of all the gamma and electron irradiated samples.
Ludlum configuration for the measurement of mass attenuation coefficients at high energy photons by using Compton scattering method
Authors: Mohd Yusof M F , Mohd Isa N , Abd Kadir A B , Salleh H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The measurements of mass attenuation coefficients by using Compton scattering technique was carried out by using the Ludlum configuration. A 137Cs sealed sourced was used and attenuated at angles between 30 and 75° to provide scattered gamma energies between 337.72 and 564.09 keV. The mass attenuation coefficients of solid water and perspex were measured and compared to the calculated value of water by using XCOM. The results showed that the measured mass attenuation coefficients of solid water and Perspex® phantoms were in agreement to the values of water within 6.84 and 7.20% average percentage of discrepancies. The results indicated the suitability of the Ludlum configuration for the measurement of mass attenuation coefficients by using the Compton scattering method.
ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Workforce—2018
Authors: Schneider Philip J , Pedersen Craig A , Ganio Michael C , Scheckelhoff Douglas J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of the 2018 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings pertaining to the pharmacy workforce are presented.

Methods
Pharmacy directors at 4,897 general and children’s medical–surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by mail and email. Survey completion was online. IMS Health supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from the IMS hospital database.

Results
The survey response rate was 16.6%. The results indicate that inpatient staffing has increased for both pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. More than half of the respondents reported shortages of pharmacy managers, experienced technicians, and experienced pharmacy technicians with sterile compounding experience. More than half of the respondents reported an excess of entry-level frontline pharmacists. The perceived shortage of pharmacists is in decline, while the perceived shortage of pharmacy technicians, especially those with years of experience, is increasing. Pharmacists commonly chair multidisciplinary committees within health systems, and pharmacy leaders often report directly to the chief executive officer or chief operating officer; they are often responsible for reporting quality information associated with medication use to the health system’s board. The use of a pharmacist credentialing and privileging process beyond licensure has increased over the past 4 years. Attention is being devoted to stress in the work place and addressing burnout among healthcare professionals, including pharmacists.

Conclusion
The profession is fostering a workforce that is appropriate in composition, sufficient in number, and has the competence to improve the value and safety of medication use.
Environmentally relevant exposure to dibutyl phthalate disrupts DNA damage repair gene expression in the mouse ovary†
Authors: Liu Xiaosong , Craig Zelieann R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Phthalates have a history of reproductive toxicity in animal models and associations with adverse reproductive outcomes in women. Human exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) occurs via consumer products (7–10 μg/kg/day) and medications (1–233 μg/kg/day). Most DBP toxicity studies have focused on high supraphysiological exposure levels; thus, very little is known about exposures occurring at environmentally relevant levels. CD-1 female mice (80 days old) were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle control) or DBP dissolved in oil at environmentally relevant (10 and 100 μg/kg/day) or higher (1000 μg/kg/day) levels for 30 days to evaluate effects on DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes and folliculogenesis. DBP exposure caused dose-dependent effects on folliculogenesis and gene expression. Specifically, animals exposed to the high dose of DBP had more atretic follicles in their ovaries, while in those treated with environmentally relevant doses, follicle numbers were no different from vehicle-treated controls. DBP exposure significantly reduced the expression of DDR genes including those involved in homologous recombination (Atm, Brca1, Mre11a, Rad50), mismatch repair (Msh3, Msh6), and nucleotide excision repair (Xpc, Pcna) in a dose-specific manner. Interestingly, staining for the DNA damage marker, γH2AX, was similar between treatments. DBP exposure did not result in differential DNA methylation in the Brca1 promoter but significantly reduced transcript levels for the maintenance DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt1, in the ovary. Collectively, these findings show that oral exposure to environmentally relevant levels of DBP for 30 days does not significantly impact folliculogenesis in adult mice but leads to aberrant ovarian expression of DDR genes.
Overview and Development of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) Process and DeCoDe Diagnosis Standards
Authors: Blau Dianna M , Caneer J Patrick , Philipsborn Rebecca P , Madhi Shabir A , Bassat Quique , Varo Rosauro , Mandomando Inácio , Igunza Kitiezo Aggrey , Kotloff Karen L , Tapia Milagritos D , Johnstone Siobhan , Chawana Richard , Rahman Afruna , El Arifeen Shams , Onyango Dickens , Kaiser Reinhard , Seale Anna C , Assefa Nega , Morris Timothy , Raghunathan Pratima L , Breiman Robert F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mortality surveillance and cause of death data are instrumental in improving health, identifying diseases and conditions that cause a high burden of preventable deaths, and allocating resources to prevent these deaths. The Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network uses a standardized process to define, assign, and code causes of stillbirth and child death (<5 years of age) across the CHAMPS network. A Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel composed of experts from a local CHAMPS site analyzes all available individual information, including laboratory, histopathology, abstracted clinical records, and verbal autopsy findings for each case and, if applicable, also for the mother. Using this information, the site panel ascertains the underlying cause (event that precipitated the fatal sequence of events) and other antecedent, immediate, and maternal causes of death in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision and the World Health Organization death certificate. Development and use of the CHAMPS diagnosis standards—a framework of required evidence to support cause of death determination—assures a homogenized procedure leading to a more consistent interpretation of complex data across the CHAMPS network. This and other standardizations ensures future comparability with other sources of mortality data produced externally to this project. Early lessons learned from implementation of DeCoDe in 5 CHAMPS sites in sub-Saharan Africa and Bangladesh have been incorporated into the DeCoDe process, and the implementation of DeCoDe has the potential to spur health systems improvements and local public health action.
Test parameters and cell chain length of Streptococcus thermophilus affect the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons assay: a methodical approach
Authors: Nachtigall Carsten , Weber Carmen , Rothenburger Sandra , Jaros Doris , Rohm Harald 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons (MATH) test is one of the most common method to determine the hydrophobicity of cell surfaces. Despite its prevalence, no standard test parameters are used in literature, making a direct comparison of data almost impossible. Criticism also focuses on test parameters that may mask hydrophobic interactions and hence lead to erroneous test results. We methodically investigated the impact of different MATH test parameters on the calculation of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Streptococcus thermophilus, a widespread exopolysaccharide-producing lactic acid bacterium used in the production of fermented milk products. Besides composition and ionic strength of the buffer used for cell re-suspension, we observed a pronounced time dependency of the turbidity of the cell suspension during phase separation due to sedimentation and/or cell lysis. A new modification of the MATH assay was applied to enable the determination of cell surface hydrophobicity of long chain-forming bacteria. As the cell surface hydrophobicity was not altered during exponential growth phase, we assume that the cell surface and its capsular exopolysaccharide layer are not changed during cultivation.
Reconstructed lost Native American populations from Eastern Brazil are shaped by differential Jê/Tupi ancestry
Authors: Mas-Sandoval Alex , Arauna Lara R , Gouveia Mateus H , Barreto Mauricio L , Horta Bernardo L , Lima-Costa Maria Fernanda , Pereira Alexandre C , Salzano Francisco M , Hünemeier Tábita , Tarazona-Santos Eduardo , Bortolini Maria Cátira , Comas David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
After the colonization of the Americas by Europeans and the consequent Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, most Native American populations in eastern Brazil disappeared or went through an admixture process that configured a population composed of three main genetic components: the European, the sub-Saharan African and the Native American. The study of the Native American genetic history is challenged by the availability of genome-wide samples from Native American populations, the technical difficulties to develop ancient DNA studies and the low proportions of the Native American component in the admixed Brazilian populations (in average 7%). We analysed genome-wide data of 5,825 individuals from three locations of eastern Brazil: Salvador (North East), Bambui (South East), and Pelotas (South) and we reconstructed populations that emulate the Native American groups that were living in the 16th century around the sampling locations. This genetic reconstruction was performed after local ancestry analysis of the admixed Brazilian populations, through the rearrangement of the Native American haplotypes into reconstructed individuals with full Native American ancestry (51 reconstructed individuals in Salvador, 45 in Bambui and 197 in Pelotas). We compared the reconstructed populations with non-admixed Native American populations from other regions of Brazil through haplotype-based methods. Our results reveal a population structure shaped by the dichotomy of Tupi-/Jê- speaking ancestry related groups. We also show evidence of a decrease of the diversity of non-admixed Native American groups after the European contact, in contrast with the reconstructed populations, suggesting a reservoir of the Native American genetic diversity within the admixed Brazilian population.
From ecology to genetics and back: the tale of two flounder species in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Jokinen Henri , Momigliano Paolo , Merilä Juha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent years have brought the realization that evolutionary changes driven by selection can occur in ecological time scales. However, recent evolutionary events can be hard to detect and may easily go unnoticed. For harvested species, such cryptic diversity may lead to suboptimal management. These points are illustrated by the two flounder species in the Baltic Sea. Although early ecological studies identified two ecotypes of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) based on spawning differences, genomic studies only recently demonstrated that they were reproductively isolated species, P. flesus and P. solemdali, separated through rapid ecologically driven speciation. These morphologically indistinguishable species are harvested within a mixed-stock fishery. In the northern Baltic Sea flounder landings have declined since the mid-1980s, with a drop in the Gulf of Finland (GoF) being particularly dramatic (∼90%). Genetic analyses of historical otolith samples from GoF catches have revealed that back in 1983 the fishery unknowingly targeted primarily P. flesus, whereas thereafter almost exclusively P. solemdali. Hence, the case of two flounder species illustrates (i) how ecological studies stimulated genetic investigations leading to discovery of ecological speciation and (ii) how cryptic species turnover discovered with genetic tools in turn improved ecological understanding with benefits to management and conservation.
Motivic Wave Front Sets
Authors: Raibaut Michel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The concept of wave front set was introduced in 1969–1970 by Sato in the hyperfunctions context [1, 34] and by Hörmander [23] in the $\mathcal C^{\infty }$ context. Howe in [25] used the theory of wave front sets in the study of Lie groups representations. Heifetz in [22] defined a notion of wave front set for distributions in the $p$-adic setting and used it to study some representations of $p$-adic Lie groups. In this article, we work in the $k\mathopen{(\!(} t \mathopen{)\!)}$-setting with $k$ a Characteristic 0 field. In that setting, balls are no longer compact but working in a definable context provides good substitutes for finiteness and compactness properties. We develop a notion of definable distributions in the framework of [13] and [14] for which we define notions of singular support and $\Lambda$-wave front sets (relative to some multiplicative subgroups $\Lambda$ of the valued field) and we investigate their behavior under natural operations like pullback, tensor product, and products of distributions.