bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S1 guidelines for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) – update 2018
Authors: Ugurel Selma , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Mohr Peter , Mentzel Thomas , Garbe Claus , Breuninger Helmut , Bauer Sebastian , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWhile dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare cancer entity overall, it is nevertheless the most common type of cutaneous sarcoma. The tumor is of fibroblastic origin and characterized by slow, undermining and locally destructive growth. Metastatic spread is very rare. Given its nonspecific clinical appearance, diagnosis is frequently delayed. Biopsy and subsequent histopathology are key diagnostic tools. Standard treatment for primary tumors consists of complete excision with surgical margins of 1 to 2 cm. Smaller margins are associated with high local recurrence rates. Inoperable and metastatic DFSP may be treated with radiation therapy. Approximately 80–90 % of DFSP lesions harbor a fusion gene that results in continuous activation of the PDGF‐β signaling pathway. Consequently, molecular targeted therapy inhibiting PDGF‐β is an effective option for advanced (inoperable) and metastatic DFSP. The first agent to be approved for systemic treatment of DFSP is the multikinase inhibitor imatinib, showing objective response rates of about 50 % in clinical trials.
Predictive model of proficiency in powered mobility of children and young adults with motor impairments
Authors: Gefen Naomi , Rigbi Amihai , Weiss Patrice L 
Published: May 2019

AimTo identify variables that can predict proficiency in powered mobility use for children in young adults.MethodParticipants included 80 children and young adults (42 males, 38 females; mean age 10y 2mo, [SD 5y 1mo]; range: 2–22y) with cerebral palsy, neuromuscular disease, and spinal cord injury who participated in the ALYN Hospital Powered Mobility Lending Program from 2009 to 2016. Data were collected and compared before and after participation in the program and powered mobility levels were determined by the Israeli Ministry of Health (MOH) Powered Mobility Proficiency Test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis followed by a bootstrapping procedure that was based on 1000 samples were used to determine if the variables were predictive of success on the Israeli MOH Powered Mobility Proficiency Test.ResultsSignificant variables for predicting success were identified: manual wheelchair propulsion, go‐stop voluntarily upon request, and using a joystick. The model was able to correctly identify 80% of the children.InterpretationChildren and young adults with the ability to go‐stop upon request, propel a manual wheelchair short distances, and use a joystick to activate the powered wheelchair had a higher chance of becoming proficient. In countries where wheelchair proficiency is a requirement for powered wheelchair procurement, these findings may support policy changes, as they did in Israel.What this paper adds

Using powered wheelchairs offers children earlier and more natural practice to determine driving proficiency.

Manual wheelchair propulsion, go‐stop voluntarily upon request, and using a joystick were predictors of powered mobility proficiency.

More than 80% of children use a joystick with their hand to activate a powered wheelchair.
Role of left ventricle deformation analysis in stress echocardiography for significant coronary artery disease detection: A diagnostic study meta‐analysis
Authors: Gupta Kartik , Kakar Tanya S. , Gupta Ankur , Singh Amitoj , Gharpure Nitin , Aryal Sudeep , Hawi Riem , Lloyd Steven G. , Booker Julian , Hage Fadi G. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Nanda Navin C. , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe compared the diagnostic accuracy of longitudinal strain (LS) imaging during stress echocardiography with visual assessment of wall motion (WM) for detecting significant coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsOur systematic search included studies reporting diagnostic measures for LS imaging and visual assessment of WM for detecting significant CAD during stress echocardiography. Summary diagnostic accuracy measures including area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and likelihood ratios (LRs) were estimated.ResultsIn thirteen studies with 978 patients, ten studies used invasive coronary angiography as the reference standard. Pooled AUC for diagnosing significant CAD was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.94) for LS imaging as compared to 0.83 (95% CI 0.80–0.86), P < 0.001 for visual assessment of WM. LS imaging had higher sensitivity (88% [95% CI 84–92] vs 74% [95% CI 68–80], P < 0.001) and comparable specificity to visual assessment of WM (80% [95% CI 72–87] vs 83% [95% CI 74–90], P = 0.592). The DOR for LS imaging and visual assessment of WM was 31 and 15, P = 0.254, respectively. The positive LR was 4.5 for both; negative LR was 0.14 and 0.31, P = 0.002 for LS imaging and visual assessment of WM, respectively.ConclusionsLongitudinal strain imaging during stress echocardiography has better diagnostic accuracy for detecting significant CAD as compared to visual assessment of WM. Studies using larger sample size and standardized techniques of strain measurement are required to further ascertain the added advantage of strain measurement over visual assessment alone.
A giant left atrial mass—Clinical treatment dilemma
Authors: Hsi David H. , Ebright Michael I. , Del Prete Salvatore A. , Pearson Gregory , Bernstein Michael A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 74‐year‐old female current 75 pack‐year smoker presented with shortness of breath and mild hemoptysis. Chest computed tomography showed a large right upper lobe mass compressing the superior vena cava, invading the right pulmonary veins, and occupying the majority of the left atrium. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 13 mm right parietal lesion with surrounding edema consistent with metastasis. A 3D TEE showed a large mobile mass in the left atrium. Bronchoscopy confirmed that the tumor mass was consistent with a moderately to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. She underwent chemotherapy, radiation, and immune therapy. She was also started on warfarin for anticoagulation after the initial chemotherapy with resolution of the left atrial mass. We feel that the patient most likely had carcinogenic thrombus in the pulmonary veins and left atrium.
Impact of fire and the recovery of molluscs in south‐east Australian salt marsh
Authors: Ross Pauline M. , Harvey Kerinne , Vecchio Egidio M. , Beckers Doug 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFire has long been recognised as a natural force in structuring Northern Hemisphere salt marshes, yet little is known about the impact of fire on molluscs and native vegetation dynamics of Southern Hemisphere coastal salt marshes. Following a fire at Ash Island, Hunter River New South Wales, Australia in the summer 2012, we assessed patterns of recovery through time of gastropod populations and resident salt marsh vegetation including biomass for three keystone native plant species, Native Rush (Juncus kraussii Hochst.), a chenopod (Sarcocornia quinqueflora Bunge ex Ungen‐Sternberg A.J. Scott), Salt Couch (Sporobolus virginicus, L. Kunth) and the invasive Spiny Rush (Juncus acutus). In temperate east‐coast Australian salt marshes, Spiny Rush is displacing native salt marsh vegetation. After twelve months, the biomass of Native Rush recovered to similar pre‐burn levels. While fire affected the abundance, richness and composition of the gastropod assemblage differences were also largely driven by spatial variability. Gastropod assemblages associated with two of the higher elevation native species (Native Rush and Salt Couch) were impacted the most by fire. Greater abundance (between 1 and 5 orders of magnitude difference in abundance) and richness of gastropods were found in unburnt compared with burnt Native Rush and Salt Couch vegetation, while more gastropods were found in Spiny Rush in one site. Species prevalent in burnt vegetation included larger species of gastropods Ophicardelus ornatus (Ferussac, 1821) and Phallomedusa solida (Martens, 1878) with an unexpected spike in number of the smaller gastropod Tatea huonensis (Tenison‐Woods, 1876) in the spiny rush at one site only. In salt marsh habitats, many gastropods have planktonic larval dispersal stages which are dependent on the tidal height for transport and the structural complexity provided by vegetation at settlement. Since fire appears to negatively affect salt marsh gastropod populations within structurally complex Native Rush and Salt Couch, due consideration of the importance of these refuges for gastropods is recommended when fire or other disturbances occur in ecologically endangered salt marsh in the Southern Hemisphere. Managers need to consider spatial heterogeneity of molluscs and their recovery in the event of fire in Southern Hemisphere salt marshes.
Development and testing of a Bayesian population model for the bigeye thresher shark, Alopias superciliosus, in an area subset of the western North Pacific
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Pei , Chang Yi‐Jay , Liu Kwang‐Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA Bayesian population modelling tool integrating separable virtual population analysis, per‐recruit models and age‐structured demographic analysis was developed for the bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus (Lowe) population in an area subset of the western North Pacific. The mortality rates for years 1989–2016 were estimated, various biological reference points and associated risks of decline were also estimated, and alternative harvest strategies for the stock were evaluated. Estimates of the posterior mean of fishing mortality for bigeye thresher shark suggest fishing pressure has been high in recent years (2011–2016). The estimated population growth rate (λ) (without fishing) obtained from age‐structured demographic model was relatively low (λ = 1.01 per year; 95% confidence intervals of 1.00 and 1.03 per year). Risk analyses revealed that only low levels of fishing pressure (10% of the current fishing pressure) over a wide range of ages could maintain a relatively low risk of population decline for bigeye threshers. Sensitivity testing indicated that the model is robust to prior specification. The developed framework could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the risk of decline for other widely distributed pelagic shark species where insufficient catch and effort data are available.
Evolutionary histories impart structure into marine fish heterospecific co‐occurrence networks
Authors: Ford Benjamin M. , Roberts J. Dale 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimUnderstanding the role of interspecific interactions in maintaining diversity, ecosystem function and evolutionary processes is a major challenge in ecology. Historically, antagonistic heterospecific interactions were the focus of many studies, but the importance of facilitative interactions has become increasingly apparent over recent decades. Ecological networks can provide insights into potential interactions among co‐occurring heterospecifics. We compared the structures of temperate and tropical marine fish co‐occurrence networks to estimate their resilience and/or robustness to perturbations.LocationWestern Australia.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedMarine fishes.MethodsWe compared the structure of temperate and tropical marine fish communities through interspecific co‐occurrences using joint species distribution modelling. Network analyses identified modules of co‐occurring species and those which play a strong role in the organization of communities.ResultsIn all study locations, most interspecific co‐occurrences did not differ significantly from random, with positive co‐occurrences being more prevalent than negative non‐random co‐occurrences. The modularity of networks created from interspecific co‐occurrences tended to decrease poleward, with the opposite for species centrality. An increase in functional diversity among co‐occurring species with latitude was detected. Species centrality was greatest among the temperate endemic species, with a positive association between species centrality and intrinsic vulnerability scores.Main conclusionsThe differences in community structure between tropical and temperate Western Australian marine fish communities might be attributable, in part, to differing evolutionary histories. The temperate endemic species have co‐evolved in a relatively homogeneous abiotic and biotic environment, whereas the Indo‐Pacific ichthyofauna have evolved in a diverse range of environments. The temperate communities are characterized by: (a) low functional redundancy among co‐occurring species, with endemic species playing keystone roles in community structure; (b) attributes associated with increased vulnerability to perturbations; with (c) many of the species identified as potential keystone species having high intrinsic vulnerability scores and being targeted by fishers.
Unraveling the Hydrological Behavior of a Coastal Pond in Doñana National Park (Southwest Spain)
Authors: Fernández‐Ayuso Ana , Aguilera Héctor , Guardiola‐Albert Carolina , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Miguel , Heredia Javier , Naranjo‐Fernández Nuria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTime series analysis methods have been used to detect behavioral patterns in a set of nine time series. These series contained information in a 3‐h time step about meteorological, hydrological and tidal data of a sand dune pond area located in Doñana National Park in the southwest of Spain. The methods used, such as wavelet analysis and additive seasonal decomposition, had never been applied before in the types of ecosystems studied. These approaches have improved the current knowledge of the conceptual model of the Santa Olalla pond system, the only system with a permanent hydroperiod located in this protected area. In addition, complex surface water‐groundwater interactions, not visible through descriptive methods, have been distinguished to have a strong seasonal component. Finally, we evaluated the effect of pumping activity in a nearby coastal resort on the water supply of the Santa Olalla pond system. Although direct damage to this sand dune pond has not yet been identified, special attention must be paid in order to maintain groundwater inputs that are integral to maintaining its current status.
Biomechanical performance of an immature maxillary central incisor after revitalization: a finite element analysis
Authors: Bucchi C. , Marcé‐Nogué J. , Galler K. M. , Widbiller M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the stress distribution in an immature maxillary incisor and the same tooth after simulated revitalization with deposition of tubular dentine or cementum by finite element analysis (FEA).MethodologyA finite element model of a maxillary central incisor was developed on the basis of a µCT scan. The tooth was segmented in two parts: a part that represented a tooth in an immature state and an apical part that represented the tissue formed after revitalization. The apical part was given the mechanical properties of dentine or cementum. The immature tooth and the same tooth reinforced by either dentine or cementum underwent simulation of biting, trauma and orthodontic movement. Von Mises stress values were compared between the scenarios and tooth segments.ResultsMaximum stress in the immature incisor developed apically; however, dentine‐ and cementum‐reinforced teeth revealed the greatest stress in the external portion of the root decreasing towards the apex. Greatest mechanical stress was caused by dental trauma perpendicular to the long axis of the root followed by biting and orthodontic movement. Stress peaks were lower in the dentine‐reinforced tooth compared with the cementum‐reinforced tooth in all scenarios; however, median stress in the immature part was reduced irrespective of dentine or cementum deposition. Dentine reinforcement caused greater stress values in the apical segment due to absorbance of the applied force, whereas stress was not transferred towards deposited cementum.ConclusionsApposition of simulated hard tissue in a maxillary central incisor after revitalization reduced mechanical stress in the immature tooth. Formation of dentine was advantageous because, unlike cementum, it facilitated an even stress distribution throughout the root resulting in lower stress values.
Thermal stability of lithium metasilicate produced under high pressure from lithium disilicate glass
Authors: Buchner Silvio , Kulbieda Felipe R. , Fokin Vladimir M. , Soares Paulo , Machado Álvaro D’. , Schmelzer Jürn W. P. , Balzaretti Naira M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCrystalline lithium disilicate, Li2Si2O5(LS2c) is usually produced at atmospheric pressure by suitable heat treatment of the glass with the same stoichiometric composition (LS2g). At this pressure, the orthorhombic phase of lithium disilicate is thermodynamically stable. The heat treatment of LS2gunder high pressure (7.7 GPa) induces the crystallization of lithium metasilicate Li2SiO3(LSm) phase, which remains metastable after pressure release. In this work, distinct heat treatments under high pressure were chosen to produce lithium metasilicate crystals with different grain sizes embedded in the glass matrix: smaller than 10 µm, about 100 µm and larger than 100 µm. Thermal stability of this set of samples was investigated during subsequent heat treatments at atmospheric pressure. All samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Small LSmcrystals produced under high pressure remained detectable only up to 1 hour of heat treatment at 610°C at atmospheric pressure while for longer heating times, the formation of quartz and crystalline LS2cwas observed. On the other hand, for the samples containing larger LSmcrystals produced under high pressure, the metasilicate phase remained detectable up to 9.5 hours of subsequent heat treatment, forming spherulitic configurations.
Domestic spaces and beyond: Consumer food waste in the context of shopping and storing routines
Authors: Dobernig Karin , Schanes Karin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo significantly reduce the volumes of food currently wasted in industrialized countries, tackling food waste on the household level is paramount. While awareness campaigns and economic incentives are important measures, it is crucial to look beyond individual decision making and scrutinize how contextual factors frame consumer lifestyles in ways that intensify the issue of food going to waste. This paper addresses the role of material contexts—in particular, infrastructures and technologies—in the shaping of food shopping and storing practices and thus consumer food waste. It presents an in‐depth, qualitative study with 24 Austrian households, conducted from November 2016 to February 2017. Data were collected through food waste diaries, semi‐structured interviews and a total of 16 focus group discussions. In line with other studies, we find that food waste is a largely unintended outcome of entangled daily routines revolving around food, such as meal planning, grocery shopping and food storing. The characteristics of food retail infrastructures—in terms of accessibility, density and type—shape these routines and thus potentially influence excess food purchases. Food storing practices as well depend on the characteristics of domestic infrastructures and co‐evolve with technologies used for storing food. Unraveling the interconnectivity between material contexts and household food practices can inform policy, product design and food retail development and thus has implications for reducing consumer food waste.
How does the harvest index affect water‐use efficiency and nutrient‐utilization efficiency of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)?
Authors: Keipp Katrin , Hütsch Birgit W. , Schubert Sven 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBesides oilseed rape and soybean, sunflower is one of the most important annual oilcrops. Apart from seed yield, which is the most important trait in many crops, oil yield is of utmost interest for sunflower breeders and farmers. Compared to the seed yield of sunflowers, their total biomass is often very high, and it is of great agronomic interest to increase the ratio of both parameters, which is defined as harvest index. With an increase in harvest index, improvements of resource‐use efficiencies can be expected. To generate an adequate seed yield, water and nutrients are key factors and their efficient use becomes increasingly important under conditions of aridity and higher production goals. A pot experiment was conducted in summer 2017 to determine differences in harvest index of various sunflower genotypes which could have an influence on the use efficiencies of water and nutrients (N, P, K). In total, 25 genotypes of different origin and with various morphological traits were investigated under optimal growth conditions. The harvest index varied from 29% to 47% and showed significant differences among some genotypes. The harvest index was less affected by the total biomass of the plants but more by the seed yield. The seed yield itself was mainly determined by the single seed weight rather than by the number of seeds. The experiment also confirmed significant positive correlations between harvest indices and all use efficiencies. Genotypes with high harvest indices were characterized by high oil concentrations in the seeds and particularly by high oil yields. In conclusion, cultivation of sunflower genotypes with high harvest indices most likely results in high water‐use efficiency and high nutrient‐utilization efficiencies as well as in high oil yields.
Enhanced thermal quenching characteristic via carbon doping in red‐emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors
Authors: Tian Junhang , Zhuang Weidong , Liu Ronghui , Wang Ligen , Liu Yuanhong , Yan Chunpei , Chen Guantong , Xu Huibing , Chen Mingyue , Jiang Ze , Zhang Xia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnhancing thermal quenching characteristic of phosphor for use in high power white‐light‐emitting diodes (wLEDs) is a significant materials challenge. To achieve this goal, a series of red‐emitting carbidonitride phosphors Ca0.992AlSiN3 − 4/3xCx:0.008Eu2+ have been synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction method. Crystal structure, luminescence properties, and thermal quenching process are investigated. The location of carbon in the lattice is proved by the Raman spectra. The preferential crystallographic site of carbon is validated by the first‐principles density functional theory calculations combining the Rietveld refinement. With carbon doping from x = 0 to x = 0.24, the emission spectra are blue‐shifted from 656.8 to 650.2 nm, and the fitted lifetime of Eu2+ decreases from 775.3 to 721.7 ns. Replacing nitrogen by carbon enhances thermal quenching characteristic by 8.9% at 300°C. Carbon doping enlarges the thermal ionization energy barriers (EdC) which is calculated at great length, and suppresses thermal ionization process. A wLED fabricated by the combination of a blue chip with the as‐synthesized red phosphor and LuAG: Ce3+ green phosphor shows a high color rendering indexes (Ra = 95.9 and R9 = 92). The promising application of Ca0.992AlSiN3 − 4/3xCx:0.008Eu2+ phosphor for wLEDs is proved by all results above.