bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal Patterns and Macroclimatic Drivers of Phylogenetic Structure in Regional Liverwort Assemblages in North America
Authors: Qian Hong , Qian Shenhua , Kessler Michael , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimMost plant groups originated under tropical conditions, leading to the hypothesis of tropical niche conservatism, according to which species assemblages of a clade originating and diversifying in tropical climates are expected to have low phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in temperate climates because only few lineages have adapted to these novel conditions. The opposite may be expected for clades originating under temperate conditions, but this temperate niche conservatism hypothesis has not been tested for a broad temperature gradient including both tropical and arctic climates. Liverworts are thought to have originated in temperate climates, and may thus follow the pattern of temperate niche conservatism. Here, we test this hypothesis using regional liverwort floras across a nearly full temperature gradient from tropical through temperate to arctic climates in North America. In addition, we investigate whether temperature‐related variables and climate extreme variables play a more important role in determining phylogenetic structure of liverwort assemblages, compared to precipitation‐related variables and climate seasonality variables, respectively.LocationNorth America.TaxonLiverworts (Marchantiophyta).MethodsPhylogenetic diversity (measured as mean pairwise distance) and phylogenetic dispersion (measured as standardised effect size of mean pairwise distance) in liverworts in regional floras in North America were related to latitude and climatic variables. Variation partitioning analysis was used to assess the relative importance of temperature‐ versus precipitation‐related variables and of climate extremes versus seasonality on phylogenetic diversity and dispersion.ResultsPhylogenetic diversity and dispersion in liverworts is highest in temperate climates, compared to both tropical and arctic climates. Temperature‐related variables and climate extreme variables explained more variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion of liverwort assemblages than did precipitation‐related variables and climate seasonality variables, respectively.Main ConclusionsVariations in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in liverworts along the latitudinal gradient in North America are consistent with the temperate niche conservatism hypothesis.
Temperature Effects on the Distribution of Aragonitic and Calcite‐Secreting Epifaunal Bivalves
Authors: Eichenseer Kilian , Balthasar Uwe , Smart Christopher W. , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo test if temperature significantly influences the global biogeographic distribution of marine epifaunal bivalves via their skeletal mineralogy.LocationGlobal.TaxaMarine, epifaunal bivalves.MethodsThe skeletal mineralogy of 45,789 epifaunal bivalve occurrences from 669 species from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) was related to sea surface temperatures from Bio‐ORACLE. Binomial regression was used to assess the influence of temperature and seasonality on the distribution of aragonitic and calcite‐secreting bivalve occurrences, aggregated in equal‐area grid cells.ResultsThe proportion of aragonitic bivalve occurrences significantly increases with mean annual temperature in our global analysis and most marine biogeographic realms. A greater prevalence of calcite‐secreting bivalves in seasonal climates could be shown at low mean annual temperatures at the global scale but not within biogeographic realms.Main ConclusionsThe global biogeographic distribution of epifaunal bivalves is significantly influenced by water temperature via their skeletal mineralogy. The mechanism driving this pattern is best explained by the temperature modulation of the effect of Mg2+ on calcite growth. Although this Mg2+ effect predicts an advantage for aragonite secretion at higher temperatures, poleward migration in response to higher temperature extremes will expose tropical taxa to cooler temperatures in the cold season, which may impede aragonite secretion in taxa not adapted to these climates.SignificanceOur results suggest that skeletal mineralogy is likely to influence ocean warming‐induced migration patterns.
Artificial intelligence‐aided colonoscopic differential diagnosis between Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal tuberculosis
Authors: Park Kwangbeom , Lim Jisup , Shin Seung Hwan , Ryu Minkyeong , Shin Hyungeun , Lee Minyoung , Hong Seung Wook , Hwang Sung Wook , Park Sang Hyoung , Yang Dong‐Hoon , Ye Byong Duk , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Kim Namkug , Byeon Jeong‐Sik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimDifferentiating between Crohn's disease (CD) and gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the clinical applicability of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for this purpose.MethodsThe AI model was developed and assessed using an internal dataset comprising 1,132 colonoscopy images of CD and 1,045 colonoscopy images of GITB at a tertiary referral center. Its stand‐alone performance was further evaluated in an external dataset comprising 67 colonoscopy images of 17 CD patients and 63 colonoscopy images of 14 GITB patients from other institutions. Additionally, a crossover trial involving three expert endoscopists and three trainee endoscopists compared AI‐assisted and unassisted human interpretations.ResultsIn the internal dataset, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the AI model in distinguishing between CD and GITB were 95.3%, 100.0%, and 97.7%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.997. In the external dataset, the AI model exhibited a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 77.8%, 85.1%, and 81.5%, respectively, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.877. In the human endoscopist trial, AI assistance increased the pooled accuracy of the six endoscopists from 86.2% to 88.8% (P = 0.010). While AI did not significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy for the experts (96.7% with AI vs 95.6% without, P = 0.360), it significantly improved accuracy for the trainees (81.0% vs 76.7%, P = 0.002).ConclusionsThis AI model shows potential in aiding the accurate differential diagnosis between CD and GITB, particularly benefiting less experienced endoscopists.
Motor signs and incident dementia with Lewy bodies in older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Liampas Ioannis , Siokas Vasileios , Stamati Polyxeni , Zoupa Elli , Tsouris Zisis , Provatas Antonios , Kefalopoulou Zinovia , Chroni Elisabeth , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Dardiotis Efthimios 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotor signs may herald incident dementia and allow the earlier detection of high‐risk individuals and the timely implementation of preventive interventions. The current study was performed to investigate the prognostic properties of motor signs with respect to incident dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Emphasis was placed on sex differences. The specificity of these associations was explored.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. Participants 55 + years old with a diagnosis of MCI were included in the analysis. Those with Parkinson's disease (PD) or other parkinsonian disorders at baseline and those with PD dementia at follow‐up were excluded. UPDRS III was used to assess the presence or absence of motor signs in nine domains: hypophonia; masked facies; resting tremor; action/postural tremor; rigidity; bradykinesia; impaired chair rise; impaired posture/gait; postural instability. Αdjusted Cox proportional hazards models featuring sex by motor sign interactions were estimated.ResultsThroughout the average follow‐up of 3.7 ± 3.1 years, among 4623 individuals with MCI, 2211 progressed to dementia (66 of whom converted to DLB). Masked facies [HR = 4.21 (1.74–10.18)], resting tremor [HR = 4.71 (1.44–15.40)], and bradykinesia [HR = 3.43 (1.82–6.45)] exclusively increased the risk of DLB. The HR of DLB was approximately 15 times greater in women compared to men with masked facies. Impaired posture–gait (approximately 10 times) and resting tremor (approximately 8.5 times) exhibited a similar trend (prominent risk‐conferring properties in women compared to men) but failed to achieve statistical significance. Rigidity and hypophonia elevated the risk of other dementia entities, as well. The remaining motor features were not related to incident dementia of any type.ConclusionsSpecific motor signs may herald DLB among individuals with MCI. Different associations may exist between masked facies, impaired posture–gait, resting tremor, and incident DLB in men versus women.
A service evaluation of FODMAP restriction, FODMAP reintroduction and long‐term follow‐up in the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Foulkes Rosie , Shah Paru , Twomey Alice , Dami Lara , Jones Danielle , Lomer Miranda C. E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe dietary restriction of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), called the low‐FODMAP diet (LFD), is frequently used to manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This service evaluation aimed to assess the long‐term effectiveness of the LFD in managing IBS symptoms and whether symptom response and dietary adherence to the LFD were associated.MethodsThis observational service evaluation collected data via questionnaires during clinical dietetic appointments for IBS management. Symptom severity was reported at baseline, short term (following FODMAP restriction) and long term (following FODMAP reintroduction). Additional data that captured experiences following the LFD were collected at long‐term follow‐up.ResultsOf 184 patients, 14% reported satisfactory relief from global symptoms at baseline, which increased to 69% at short‐term follow‐up and 57% at long‐term follow‐up (p < 0.001). The most notable improvements in individual symptoms between baseline and long‐term follow‐up were abdominal bloating (72% baseline, 48% long term, p < 0.001), abdominal pain (61% baseline, 30% long term, p < 0.001) and flatulence (71% baseline, 40% long term, p < 0.001). High adherence with the LFD at short‐term follow‐up was not associated with long‐term symptom improvement, but there was an association between long‐term adherence and global symptom severity (p = 0.032). Completion of FODMAP reintroduction as per protocol was associated with long‐term symptom improvement (p = 0.049).ConclusionsThe LFD is an effective treatment for managing IBS symptoms in the long term, particularly, when the diet is adhered to and reintroduction is completed as per dietetic education. Further randomised‐controlled trials are required to explore the cause‐and‐effect relationship between LFD and IBS symptom management.
The effect of subsidized flood insurance on real estate markets
Authors: Garbarino Nicola , Guin Benjamin , Lee Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubsidized insurance against extreme weather events improves affordability among households in at‐risk areas but it can weaken the risk signal via property prices. Leveraging a granular data set of all property transactions and flood events in England, we study the effects of a reinsurance scheme that lowers insurance premiums for at‐risk properties. We document that the introduction of this scheme increases prices and transaction volumes of flood‐prone properties. This fully offsets the negative direct effects of flooding on property prices, with high‐income areas and high‐value properties benefiting relatively more. Our findings speak to the debate on climate adaptation policies and their consequences for wealth distribution.
National Health Education Standards: Model Guidance for Curriculum and Instruction (Third Edition)*
Authors: Birch David A. , McNeill Elisa Beth , Tappe Marlene , Ubbes Valerie A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSince the 1990s, national standards have been developed in K‐12 subject areas. National standards in health education were first released in 1995 with a second set released in 2007. A third edition, the National Health Education Standards: Model Guidance for Curriculum and Instruction was developed in 2022 under the auspices of the National Consensus for School Health Education. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of the third edition including descriptions of the development process; the 8 standards and aligned performance expectations; considerations related to the translation, dissemination, and implementation of the standards; and projections for potential impact regarding teaching and student outcomes.METHODSTo develop new standards, the National Consensus formed 3 groups: the Management, Development, and Expert Review Groups. These groups employed an iterative process that included the development of 3 drafts of the standards before finalization. This process included a review of each draft by the 3 groups. The second draft included additional qualitative feedback from over 500 school health education leaders, practitioners, and stakeholders.RESULTSThe third edition includes 8 standards with aligned performance expectations. A description and rationale are provided for each standard along with standard‐specific teaching guidance.CONCLUSIONSThe third edition of the National Standards for School Health Education provides guidance to state departments of education and local schools in the development and implementation of health instruction that promotes meaningful learning to guide students in the promotion of their own health and the health of others.
Classroom Instruction During Study Abroad: A Comparative Exploration of Chinese Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Chen Junming , Howard Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExploring the underinvestigated area of instruction during study abroad, this article offers a quantitative study of linguistic development among second language university learners of Chinese during a semester in China. A comparison is made between learners following task‐based language teaching and a comparison group following a traditional approach at two proficiency levels. Spoken task data are analyzed within the framework of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. Quantitative findings point to enhanced linguistic development on the various measures used over the course of instruction abroad across the groups irrespective of instructional treatment and proficiency level. However, relative differences between the two groups point to an advantage of task‐based learning in a study‐abroad context. The findings are discussed in relation to the insights they allow into the role of different instructional treatments during study abroad, along with some directions for future research.
Safety and Feasibility of Internal Fixation Using Bioabsorbable Versus Titanium Materials for Short‐Level Lamina Reimplantation: A Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Chen Dingbang , Song Jinhan , Zhang Luosheng , Gao Xin , Huang Quan , Yang Xinghai 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveLamina‐implantation is gradually becoming the main surgical method for the treatment of intraspinal tumors. Traditional titanium (Ti) internal fixation not only produces artifacts, which affects the observation of tumors and dural sac closure, but also faces the problem of secondary surgical removal. In this study, absorbable material were used in lamina replantation for the first time and was evaluated for its efficacy and safety.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent short‐segment lamina replantation for intraspinal tumors in our center from February 2020 to November 2022. After condition matching of the number of fixation segment and fixation position, the baseline information, complications, neurological function, quality of life, spinal mobility and bone healing rate of the absorbable group and the Ti group were compared. Fisher exact, Chi‐square, or rank sum test were used for categorical variables, and t‐test was used for continuous variables to distinguish differences between groups.ResultsCerebrospinal fluid leak was the most common complication, with no difference between the two groups (12.9% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.366). The bone healing rates of the two groups at 3 months after surgery were 77.4% and 87.1%, respectively, and there was no significant difference (p = 0.508). At 1 year after surgery, the resorbable group showedlower levels of anxiety/depression (1.20 ± 0.41 vs. 1.61 ± 0.61, p = 0.050), however, it did not affect the overall quality of life of the patients at 1 year.ConclusionBoth titanium and absorbable internal fixation have shown good clinical results in the treatment of intraspinal tumors by laminareplantation. Regardless of cost, absorbable screws and plates are also suitable options for patients undergoing lamina replantation, because it has no stress shielding effect and does not require secondary removal. In addition, there are no artifacts in the image, which is more conducive to observing the recurrence of the tumor and the closure of the dural sac.
Shrimp Intestinal Microbiota Homeostasis: Dynamic Interplay Between the Microbiota and Host Immunity
Authors: Zhou Kai‐Min , Liu Ping‐Ping , Yao Jia‐Yun , Vasta Gerardo R. , Wang Jin‐Xing , Wang Xian‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe shrimp intestine harbors a microbiota that has pivotal roles for host's physiology. Imbalance of shrimp intestinal microbiota has been shown closely related to the occurrence of diseases. The morphological and biological features of the shrimp intestine are considered suboptimal for stable microbial colonization, making the intestinal microbiota composition highly susceptible to the impact of environmental changes or stressors, and particularly unstable. Therefore, the relative unsteadiness of the microbiota composition represents a continuous threat to host survival. Shrimp intestinal microbiota homeostasis is achieved through a dynamic interplay between the microbiota and the host's innate immunity. The shrimp intestine possesses effective innate immune mechanisms that can suppress the uncontrolled proliferation of microbiota components, and simultaneously protect the microbiota from elimination. The mechanism(s) by which the microbial components and the intestinal innate immunity interact with each other to achieve homeostasis represents an interesting interplay between host and microbiota. This review summarizes the current knowledge about intestinal microbiota colonization in shrimp, as well as the intricate mechanisms employed by the intestinal immune system to regulate this microbiota. Moreover, the potential intervention strategies to promote and protect shrimp intestinal homeostasis by modulating the microbiota are also discussed. Thus, this review seeks to comprehensively analyze the current information and contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between the shrimp intestinal microbiota and innate immunity in maintaining shrimp intestinal homeostasis and overall health. This enhanced understanding may potentially open new avenues for aquaculture management and disease mitigation strategies, ultimately benefiting the shrimp farming industry.
Deep return of straw improves topsoil health and maize productivity more efficiently than shallow return
Authors: Li Jin , Jin Xinxin , Li Jiaqi , Li Xiaoyu , Han Yanyu , Dong Lili , Zou Hongtao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStraw return is an important nature‐based solution to identify optimal management practices to maintain cropland soil health and food security. However, there is still limited information available regarding the impacts of different straw return strategies on soil health, especially when considering a comprehensive assessment of soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Soil microorganisms are the core and key to maintaining soil health. The present research aims to determine the impact of straw return to different depths on soil health index (SHI) and crop productivity across different soil layers. We conducted a 3–year field experiment with four treatments: a blank control with no straw return (NR), straw return treatments with shallow return (SR), mulch return (MR) and deep return (DR), and the straw application rate was 10,500 kg/ha. The results showed that it was the microbial indicators that dominated the effects on soil health, rather than soil organic carbon (SOC). Specifically, we found that the SR treatment exhibited the highest extracellular enzyme activities of both hydrolases and oxidases in the subsoil, and the peroxidase (PEO) activity was 758.99 nmol/g/h. In addition, compared with MR and DR treatments, the abundance of symbiotroph fungi in SR treatment increased by 78.41% and 54.38%, releasing more nutrients to the soil. Hence, SR treatment increased SHI mainly by increasing the PEO activity and NO3−–N content, and SR treatment significantly increased SHI by 25.59% and 22.16% compared with MR and DR treatments. By contrast, the DR treatment greatly increased the topsoil SHI by 43.33% and 58.98% compared with SR and SM treatments, mainly due to the enhanced microbial biomass N (MBN) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). The DR treatment in topsoil had the lowest soil bulk density (BD) which enhanced Bacteroidota but decreased Methylomirabilota abundance, thus resulting in the accumulation of MBN. Moreover, DR treatment led the highest maize yield which increased with an increasing SHI. To conclude, DR treatment is an effective method to improve SHI and crop productivity in nutrient‐rich topsoil, while SR treatment has a much better effect in the subsoil. Our results will provide a theoretical paradigm for selecting straw return strategies, which is crucial for promoting soil health and food productivity, achieving high crop yields, and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
Intrathecal enalapril reduces adhesion formation in experimentally induced digital flexor tendon sheath injuries in horses
Authors: Willette Jaclyn A. , Tsoi Mayra , Frobish Daniel , VanderBroek Ashley R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of the study were to describe a standing percutaneous adhesion induction model in the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) of horses and to evaluate the effect of intrathecal administration of the angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril on tendon healing and adhesion formation.Study designRandomized, blinded, controlled experimental study.AnimalsEight healthy horses.MethodsA collagenase‐induced adhesion model was implemented in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of both forelimbs under standing ultrasonographic guidance. Daily intrathecal injections of 5 mg enalapril (the treatment condition) were administered to a randomly assigned forelimb for 5 days, with the contralateral limb receiving an equivalent volume of 0.9% NaCl (the control). Lameness and limb circumference were recorded weekly. Horses were euthanized after 8 weeks and evaluated for gross digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) adhesions. Tendons were collected for histopathologic scoring of DDFT healing. Paired data were analyzed using a one‐sided alternative sign test and longitudinal regression.ResultsMultiple DFTS adhesions were formed in control limbs of all horses. The median number of gross DFTS adhesions in treated limbs was less than in control limbs (p = .0039). The average reduction in limb circumference and lameness scores over time occurred faster in treated versus control limbs (p < .025). There were no differences in DDFT histopathologic scores between groups.ConclusionThe standing percutaneous DFTS adhesion induction model demonstrated that intrathecal enalapril reduced DFTS adhesion formation, lameness scores, and limb circumference over time.Clinical significanceIntrathecal enalapril administration may reduce morbidity in horses with naturally occurring tendon injuries.