bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary hypertension is not a risk factor for grade 3 primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation
Authors: Cottini Silvia R. , Brandi Giovanna , Pagnamenta Alberto , Weder Walter , Schuepbach Reto A. , Béchir Markus , Huber Lars C. , Benden Christian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGrade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) represents the most important risk factor for patient mortality during the first year after lung transplantation (LTX). We investigated whether pretransplant pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a risk factor for the development of PGD3. This retrospective, single‐center cohort study included 96 candidates undergoing right heart catheterization (RHC) prior to being listed for LTX between March 2000 and October 2015. Based on their mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) levels, the patients were classified into 3 groups: (1) <25 mm Hg, (2) 25‐34 mm Hg and (3) ≥35 mm Hg. Forty‐seven patients were classified in group 1, 31 in group 2, and 18 in group 3. Fifteen recipients (16%, 95%‐CI 8‐23) developed PGD3. In the univariate analysis, the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to COPD (OR: 7.06, P = .005), blood transfusion >1000 mL during surgery (OR: 5.25, P = .005), the need for intra‐operative cardio‐pulmonary bypass (CPB) or extra‐corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (OR: 4, P = .027), mPAP (OR 1.06, P = .007) and serum high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) (OR 0.09, P = .005) were associated with PGD3. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, only HDL‐C (OR 0.10, P = .016) was associated with PGD3 based on our single‐center cohort data analysis.
Prosocial and self‐interested intra‐twin pair behavior in monozygotic and dizygotic twins in the early to middle childhood transition
Authors: Yirmiya Karen , Segal Nancy L. , Bloch Guy , Knafo‐Noam Ariel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeveral related and complementary theoretical frameworks have been proposed to explain the existence of prosocial behavior, despite its potential fitness cost to the individual. These include kin selection theory, proposing that organisms have a propensity to help those to whom they are genetically related, and reciprocity, referring to the benefit of being prosocial, depending on past and future mutual interactions. A useful paradigm to examine prosociality is to compare mean levels of this behavior between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Here, we examined the performance of 883 6.5‐year‐old twins (139 MZ and 302 DZ same‐sex 6.5‐year‐old full twin pairs) in the Differential Productivity Task. In this task, the twins’ behaviors were observed under two conditions: working for themselves vs. working for their co‐twin. There were no significant differences between the performances of MZ and DZ twins in the prosocial condition of the task. Correlations within the twin dyads were significantly higher in MZ than DZ twins in the self‐interested condition. However, similar MZ and DZ correlations were found in the prosocial condition, supporting the role of reciprocity in twins’ prosociality towards each other.
Manual dexterity, but not cerebral palsy, predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal stroke
Authors: Thébault Guillaume , Martin Sophie , Brouillet Denis , Brunel Lionel , Dinomais Mickaël , Presles Émilie , Fluss Joel , Chabrier Stéphane ,   AVCnn Study Group
Published: April 2018

AimTo disentangle the respective impacts of manual dexterity and cerebral palsy (CP) in cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke.MethodThe population included 60 children (21 females, 39 males) with neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke but not epilepsy. The presence ofCPwas assessed clinically at the age of 7 years and 2 months (range 6y 11mo–7y 8mo) using the definition of the Surveillance ofCPin Europe network. Standardized tests (Nine‐Hole Peg Test and Box and Blocks Test) were used to quantify manual (finger and hand respectively) dexterity. General cognitive functioning was evaluated with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth Edition. Simple and multiple linear regression models were performed while controlling for socio‐economic status, lesion side, and sex.ResultsFifteen children were diagnosed withCP. In simple regression models, both manual dexterity andCPwere associated with cognitive functioning (β=0.41 [p=0.002] andβ=0.31 [p=0.019] respectively). However, in multiple regression models, manual dexterity was the only associated variable of cognitive functioning, whether or not a child hadCP(β=0.35;p=0.007). This result was reproduced in models with other covariables (β=0.31;p=0.017).InterpretationAs observed in typically developing children, manual dexterity is related to cognitive functioning in children having suffered a focal brain insult during the neonatal period.What this paper addsManual dexterity predicts cognitive functioning after neonatal arterial ischaemic stroke.Correlations between manual dexterity and cognitive functioning occur irrespective of sex, lesion side, presence of cerebral palsy, and socio‐economic status.Residual motor ability may support cognitive functioning.
An artificial delay in emergence influences the number but not the fitness of adult emerald ash borer emerging from infested ash wood
Authors: Fick William E. , MacQuarrie Chris J. K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEmerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is the most significant invasive forest pest in North America. Laboratory research on this species requires sources of adult and larval insects that are of the same fitness as those present in the wild. Production of adult EAB relies on flushing adults from logs which are subject to cold storage for some period prior to use. The effect of this storage on the number of insects emerging or the fitness of those that emerge has not been investigated. We subjected logs of EAB‐infested white ash, Fraxinus americana L. (Oleaceae), to 7–14 months of cold storage and quantified the number of insects that emerged, the time to emergence, and the body condition of adults as a measure of fitness. Body condition was evaluated using Soxhlet fat extraction and water weight. No published methods for Soxhlet fat extraction were available for this species so we developed extraction protocols. The number of insects emerging decreased with time, but fitness (i.e., fat and water content) did not decrease. Time to emergence did increase but only in the longest storage treatment, whereas a comparison of male vs. female emergence provides evidence for protandry in EAB. Rearing programs for EAB using wood from cold storage should adjust the amount used to produce a given number of insects but the quality of those individuals emerging will not be affected. We suggest that those insects that perished during storage were of lower quality when entering diapause and thus would serve as poor‐quality host in rearing programs for natural enemies of EAB. These data also provide evidence for one pathway of introduction for EAB, suggesting that refrigeration in transit was required for EAB to remain viable and establish its beachhead in North America.
Global networking: Meeting the challenges, facilitating collaboration
Authors: Botelho M. , Oancea R. , Thomas H. F. , Paganelli C. , Ferrillo P. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe constant change of information and technology advancement as well as the impact of social media has radically changed the world and education and, in particular, the needs of students, organisations and disadvantaged communities who share the aim of training and providing quality healthcare services. Dental organisations and education centres around the world have recognised the importance of networking in delivering effective education to students, healthcare professionals and communities. Networking is one way to meet the challenges of delivering healthcare education and services. This can be achieved by sharing of resources, expertise, knowledge and experience to benefit all the stakeholders in healthcare delivery. The joint ADEE/ADEA Meeting in London on 8‐9 May 2017 has facilitated discussions amongst dental educators from all over the world during a workshop on “Global Networking: the how and why for dental educators.” The aim of this workshop was to determine how can dental educators worldwide network to share ideas, experience, expertise and resources to improve both the curricula and the teaching and learning environment. A pre‐conference survey was designed and implemented to identify the domains of interest and needs of participants. A structured questionnaire was administered, and this information was used to guide discussions on three main themes: curricula, faculty development and mobility of faculty and students. Four questions were then defined to help group leaders to frame discussions in the four working groups. The four groups engaged in parallel discussions, with the ideas recorded and collated by group leaders, which later served for the thematic analysis across the groups to draw the key points discussed. Overall, a great desire and potential to create a global networking to share and gain support and expertise at individual and organisational level was apparent and the working group has proposed an action plan, acknowledging that it requires great planning, effort and commitment.
Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility, and Data Breaches
Authors: Lending Claire , Minnick Kristina , Schorno Patrick J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe study whether corporate governance and social responsibility are related to data breaches. We find that socially responsible companies with smaller boards and greater financial expertise are less likely to be breached. The financial impact of a breach is visible in the long term. Specifically, data‐breach firms have –3.5% one‐year buy‐and‐hold abnormal returns. Additionally, banks with breaches have significant declines in deposits and nonbanks have significant declines in sales in the long run. Finally, we find that following a data breach, companies are more likely to replace their chief executive officer and chief technology officer as well as improve their governance and social responsibility.
A Long‐Run Performance Perspective on the Technology Bubble
Authors: Franke Maximilian , Löffler Gunter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe events surrounding the stock price peak of March 2000 are commonly interpreted as the bursting of a technology or Internet bubble, with some researchers pointing out that the pattern could also arise in fundamental models. We inform the debate by studying the long‐run performance of Internet and technology stocks from March 2000 onward. Using calendar‐time regressions, we do not find conclusive evidence of negative abnormal returns. The results are consistent with a new interpretation of the events; namely, the price drop of the early 2000s was not warranted in light of future cash flows and risk.
Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes
Authors: Miloslavich Patricia , Bax Nicholas J. , Simmons Samantha E. , Klein Eduardo , Appeltans Ward , Aburto‐Oropeza Octavio , Andersen Garcia Melissa , Batten Sonia D. , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro , Checkley David M. , Chiba Sanae , Duffy J. Emmett , Dunn Daniel C. , Fischer Albert , Gunn John , Kudela Raphael , Marsac Francis , Muller‐Karger Frank E. , Obura David , Shin Yunne‐Jai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex and expensive, are required by the international scientific, governance and policy communities to provide baselines against which the effects of human pressures and climate change may be measured and reported, and resources allocated to implement solutions. To identify biological and ecological essential ocean variables (EOVs) for implementation within a global ocean observing system that is relevant for science, informs society, and technologically feasible, we used a driver‐pressure‐state‐impact‐response (DPSIR) model. We (1) examined relevant international agreements to identify societal drivers and pressures on marine resources and ecosystems, (2) evaluated the temporal and spatial scales of variables measured by 100+ observing programs, and (3) analysed the impact and scalability of these variables and how they contribute to address societal and scientific issues. EOVs were related to the status of ecosystem components (phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and diversity, and abundance and distribution of fish, marine turtles, birds and mammals), and to the extent and health of ecosystems (cover and composition of hard coral, seagrass, mangrove and macroalgal canopy). Benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution and microbe diversity and biomass were identified as emerging EOVs to be developed based on emerging requirements and new technologies. The temporal scale at which any shifts in biological systems will be detected will vary across the EOVs, the properties being monitored and the length of the existing time‐series. Global implementation to deliver useful products will require collaboration of the scientific and policy sectors and a significant commitment to improve human and infrastructure capacity across the globe, including the development of new, more automated observing technologies, and encouraging the application of international standards and best practices.
Being targeted as a “severely overweight pregnant woman” —A qualitative interview study
Authors: Lauridsen Drude S. , Sandøe Peter , Holm Lotte 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 have been targeted in health‐care systems in many western countries as a high‐risk group. However, we have limited knowledge of the long‐term significance of this prenatal care policy.ObjectiveTo investigate accounts women give of their experiences of being targeted as severely overweight during pregnancy when they look back at the intervention 4‐5 years later.DesignInterpretive analysis based on 21 semi‐structured interviews conducted 4‐5 years after the pregnancy with Danish mothers categorized as having a pre‐pregnancy BMI ≥ 30.FindingsIn the women's retrospective accounts three phases were identified and separated: (i) Being identified as a “severely overweight pregnant woman.” The women differed over whether they accepted this categorization, but all believed that an approach based on weight was acceptable. (ii) Encounters with health‐care professionals. The women differed here: some reported no negative experiences; others reported experiences of prejudice and silence. (iii) Reflections on long‐term outcomes. Most women reported that the interventions during their pregnancies did not lead to any lasting lifestyle change. The women disagreed over whether, in principle, pregnancy was a suitable time to be targeted.Discussion and conclusionOur study illustrates the importance of critically considering whether pregnancy is a suitable window of opportunity for obesity prevention, and shows that women's experiences should be examined in relation to each phase of intervention. More interdisciplinary studies are needed to map potential benefits and other consequences over the short‐ and long‐term.
A checklist for managed access programmes for reimbursement co‐designed by Canadian patients and caregivers
Authors: Young Andrea , Menon Devidas , Street Jackie , Al‐Hertani Walla , Stafinski Tania 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionReimbursement decisions on orphan drugs carry significant uncertainty, and as the amount increases, so does the risk of making a wrong decision, where harms outweigh benefits. Consequently, patients often face limited access to orphan drugs. Managed access programmes (MAPs) are a mechanism for managing risk while enabling access to potentially beneficial drugs. Patients and their caregivers have expressed support for these programmes and see patient input as critical to successful implementation. However, they have yet to be systematically involved in their design.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to co‐design with patients and caregivers a tool for the development of managed access programmes.MethodsBuilding upon established relationships with the Canadian Organization for Rare Disorders, the project team collaborated with patients and caregivers using the principles of participatory action research. Data were collected at two workshops and analysed using a thematic network approach.ResultsPatients and caregivers co‐designed a checklist comprised of six aspects of an ideal MAP relating to accountability (programme goals); governance (MAP‐specific committee oversight, patient input, international collaboration); and evidence collection (outcome measures and continuation criteria, on‐going monitoring and registries). They recognized that health‐care resources are finite and considered disease or drug eligibility criteria for deciding when to use a MAP (eg drugs treating diseases for which there are no other legitimate alternatives).ConclusionsA patient and caregiver‐designed checklist was created, which emphasized patient involvement and transparency. Further research is needed to examine the feasibility of this checklist and roles for other stakeholders.
Inflammatory compound lipopolysaccharide promotes the survival of GM‐CSF cultured dendritic cell via PI3 kinase‐dependent upregulation of Bcl‐x
Authors: Chen Shun , Li Xinchen , Zhang Wenjie , Zi Mengting , Xu Yuekang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs professional antigen‐presenting cells, dendritic cells (DCs) initiate and regulate immune responses against inflammation. The invasion of pathogens into the body, however, can in turn cause the change of DCs in both activity and viability, which ultimately affect immune homeostasis. The exact mechanisms that the bacteria utilize to alter the lifespan of DCs, however, are far from clear. In this study, we found that the bacterial wall compound lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can promote the survival of GM‐CSF‐differentiated DCs (GM‐DCs). At molecular levels, we demonstrated that GM‐DCs had distinct pattern of mRNA expression for anti‐apoptotic BCL‐2 family members, of which, Bcl‐x increased significantly following LPS stimulation. Interestingly, specific inhibition of BCL‐XL protein alone was sufficient to remove the anti‐apoptotic effects of LPS on BM‐DCs. Further study of the signaling mechanisms revealed that although LPS can activate both Erk MAP kinase and PI3 kinase pathways, only blocking of PI3K abolished both Bcl‐x upregulation and the enhanced survival phenotype, suggesting that the PI3K signaling mediated the upregulation of Bcl‐x for the LPS‐induced pro‐survival in GM‐DCs. Collectively, this study unveils a molecular mechanism that DCs adapt to maintain innate immunity against the invasion of pathogens.
Transcatheter mitral valve intervention: an emerging treatment for mitral regurgitation
Authors: Markham Ryan , Kyranis Stephen , Aroney Nicholas , Lau Katherine , Poon Karl , Scalia Gregory , Walters Darren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter mitral valve intervention (TMVI) repairs or replaces the mitral valve through small arterial and venous entry sites and so avoids risks associated with open heart surgery. Transcatheter devices targeting components of the mitral apparatus are being developed to repair or replace it. Numerous challenges remain including developing more adaptable devices and correction of multiple components of the mitral annulus to attain durable results. The mitral valve apparatus is a complex structure and understanding of the mechanisms of MR is essential in the development of TMVI. There will likely be a complementary role between surgery and TMVI in the near future.
Clinical features and outcome of patients with cutaneous melioidosis during a nosocomial outbreak in a temperate region of Australia
Authors: Clark Benjamin , Merritt Adam , Inglis Tim , Manning Laurens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSix cases of cutaneous melioidosis from southwestern Australia, a non‐endemic region occurred as a result of Burkholderia pseudomallei contamination of normal saline that was used for irrigating superficial wounds. Treatment with parenteral meropenem, given by continuous infusion for 2 weeks, followed by oral antibiotics was successful in all cases.
Diagnostic utility of an age‐specific cut‐off for d‐dimer for pulmonary embolism assessment when used with various pulmonary embolism risk scores
Authors: Ackerly Imogen , Klim Sharon , McFarlane James , Kelly Anne‐Maree 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study compared the diagnostic utility (sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value (NPV)) of the age‐times‐10 adjusted d‐dimer cut‐off used in combination with the original and simplified Well's pulmonary embolism (PE) scores and the original and simplified revised Geneva scores to identify patients in whom PE is classified as unlikely according to each score. The PE risk scores performed similarly with high sensitivity (97.6, 97.1, 96.9 and 97.1% respectively) and NPV (99.3, 99.3, 99.2 and 99.2% respectively). Each missed only one PE. The age‐times‐10 age‐adjusted d‐dimer assay cut‐off performed similarly with each of the clinical risk scores tested with high sensitivity and NPV.
Electronic cigarettes in physician practice
Authors: Mendelsohn Colin P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere is growing evidence for the effectiveness of e‐cigarettes as a quitting aid and, although not completely harmless, the scientific consensus is that they are substantially less harmful than smoking tobacco. More research is needed, but there is now sufficient empirical evidence and real‐world experience over more than a decade to consider their use as a legitimate tobacco harm reduction tool for smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit with conventional strategies. Smokers should be advised that the highest success rates occur with daily use with nicotine e‐liquid and newer e‐cigarette models. After quitting smoking, it is preferable to aim ultimately to cease vaping if possible, but long‐term use of e‐cigarettes is safer than relapsing to smoking.