bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting peripartum blood transfusion: focusing on pre-pregnancy characteristics
Authors: Ouh Yung-Taek , Lee Kyu-Min , Ahn Ki Hoon , Hong Soon-Cheol , Oh Min-Jeong , Kim Hai-Joong , Han Sung Won , Cho Geum Joon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Backgroud

Obstetric hemorrhage is one of the most common causes of obstetrical morbidity and mortality, and transfusion is the most important management for hemorrhage. The aim of our study was to investigate the pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion.

Methods

Women who delivered a baby from 2010 to 2014 and participated in the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children were included. To analyze pre-pregnant risk factors for peripartum transfusion, an additional analysis was done for women who underwent a National Health Screening Examination within one year before pregnancy, including maternal waist circumference, body mass index, blood pressure, laboratory tests and history of smoking.

Results

Of the total 1,980,126 women who met the inclusion criteria, 36,868 (1.86%) were transfused at peripartum. In a multivariable regression model, the pregnancy risk factors for peripartum transfusion included maternal age above 35 years [odds ratio (OR): 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–1.50], preterm birth (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 2.15–2.65), and maternal hypertension (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 2.24–2.77). Pre-pregnancy risk factors including fasting glucose level of more than 126 mg/dL (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.02–1.20), current-smoker status (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.06–1.37), and waist-circumference less than 80 cm (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30) were independently associated with peripartum blood transfusion.

Conclusions

Several pre-pregnancy and pregnancy risk factors were associated with peripartum blood transfusion. Some identified factors are modifiable before conception, and our study validated peripartum blood transfusion as a form of triage.
The Relationship Between Dental Caries and YKL-40 Levels in Saliva
Authors: Duruk Gülsüm , Laloglu Esra 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective : YKL-40, a new biomarker of localized inflammation, is secreted by macrophages and regulates inflammation and immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate YKL-40 levels in saliva and compare the level of this mediator in oral cavity.

Methods: 85 children (46 girls, 39 boys), aged 6-15 (mean±SD: 9.15±2.16) were included in this study. The children were divided into three groups: Group-I (control, n=25, DMFT/dmft=0), Group-II (n=30, exist of localized dental caries) and Group-III (n=30, exist of localized advanced dental caries). Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), DMFT/dmft, DMFS/dmfs, and the number of advanced dental caries according to the ICDAS II and PUFA/pufa index were recorded. Saliva was collected and YKL-40 concentrations were measured. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc , Kruskal-Wallis, multiple regression analysis, and Sperman’s correlation tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results: The highest level of YKL-40 was obtained in group III , followed by groups II and I , respectively (p<0.01). In Group II, DMFT/dmft scores and the number of caries (DT/dt) were higher than in group III (p<0.01). In group III, there was a statistically significant correlation between YKL-40 levels in saliva and the number of advanced dental caries. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference, with respect to age and gender (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Advanced dental caries, rather than DMFT/dmft score, may play an important role in the increasing levels of YKL-40 in saliva.
Factors associated with job satisfaction among graduate nursing faculties in Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Abja , Paudel Usha Kiran , Pokhrel Jyotsana , Ghimire Pratima , Sedhain Arun , Bhattarai Gandhi R , Thapa Binu , KC Tulza 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Job satisfaction among nursing faculties is critical to improve quality of nursing education for producing future nurses whose action will be directly related to the health condition of the patients at local and national level. This study explores the factors associated with job satisfaction among graduate nursing faculties in different Universities of Nepal.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing faculties with Masters’ level and higher qualification and completed at least one year of teaching in their respective institutions. A 36-question job satisfaction questionnaire with 6-point Likert type responses was administered online. The survey instrument was pre-tested with 30 faculties pooled from multiple institutions. Link to final survey was sent via e-mail to 327 nursing faculties working in 39 nursing colleges. Respondents were followed through email or phone, once a week for one month after survey was opened. Data analysis was carried out with SAS University Edition software. Chi-Square test and t-test were used for simple descriptive analysis.

Results: The response rate was 54.4%. After retrospective cleaning of data, usable response rate was 52.3% (n=171). The average age of the nursing faculties was 36.8±7.0 years. Based on the overall job satisfaction score, 36.8% nursing faculties were satisfied with their current job. The coefficient for Cronbach’s alpha was 0.895 suggesting very good reliability of the overall measure. The significant factors associated with job satisfaction were the involvement of the faculties in decision making process related to the department (OR=4.83) and adequate access to reference materials (OR=2.90). Top three domain specific job satisfaction scores were coworkers (µ=18.3), communication (µ=17.3) and nature of work (µ=17.1). Lowest satisfaction scores were for promotion (µ=12.0), operating condition (µ=12.9) and contingency rewards (µ=13.1) and pay (µ=13.8)

Conclusions: This study suggests that nursing faculties have positive attitude towards their job but are dissatisfied with the benefits offered to them as well as the operating condition of the institution they work for. A participatory approach in management and decision making within different level of the organization would boost their morale. Expanding teaching learning resources would be helpful in improving the quality of nursing education in Nepal.
Factors affecting interictal unilateral and bilateral discharges and ictal diffusion patterns of scalp electroencephalogram in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ma Weining , Li Han , Chen Pengyu , Li Miaomiao , Liu Liping , Cong Lin , Li Chun , Li Shaoyi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate preoperative factors influencing unilateral and bilateral interictal discharges in TLE, and ictal diffusion patterns in scalp EEG during onset of the seizure.Methods

This was a retrospective analysis of 129 patients with TLE who had undergone surgery; cases were classified into two groups of unilateral and bilateral discharge groups according to interictal discharge patterns in the EEG. In this study, unilateral interictal discharges meaned that the discharge was confined to one hemisphere, while bilateral interictal discharges meaned that the discharge involved both hemispheres. Differences between the two groups in age, gender, duration of disease, frequency of seizures, MRI findings, origin of TLE, antiepileptic drug administration, and ictal diffusion patterns during seizures were statistically analyzed. In addition, the differences in ictal diffusion patterns between left and right TLE were statistically analyzed.Results

There were a total of 74 cases of unilateral discharges, including unilateral discharges in the temporal region, anterior head including both temporal and frontal regions, and unilateral hemispheric discharges, and there were another 55 cases of bilateral discharges, including bilateral temporal area, bilateral anterior heads, and bilateral hemispheric multi-brain areas. There were 60 cases of left TLE and 69 cases of right TLE. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, duration of disease, frequency of seizures, MRI manifestations, administration of antiepileptic drugs, and ictal diffusion patterns between interictal unilateral and bilateral discharge groups, but, there were statistically significant differences in age and side of origin of the TLE. Scalp EEG recorded 11 different ictal diffusion pattern types, and the difference in terms of whether the EEG recorded the diffusion pattern to be confined to the same hemisphere or spread to both hemispheres was statistically significant between the left and right temporal lobes.Conclusion

Age and side of origin of TLE affects the TLE interictal discharge patterns. Older patients are more prone to bilateral discharges. Bilateral discharges are more common in right TLE, and the onset of EEG more likely to bilateral diffusion in right TLE.
Reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines in Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Dijck Anke Van , Barbosa Susana , Bermudez-Martin Patricia , Khalfallah Olfa , Gilet Cyprien , Elinck Ellen , Kooy R Frank , Glaichenhaus Nicolas , Davidovic Laetitia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent cause of inherited intellectual disability and the most commonly identified monogenic cause of autism. Recent studies have shown that long-term pathological consequences of FXS are not solely confined to the central nervous system (CNS) but rather extend to other physiological dysfunctions in peripheral organs. To gain insights into possible immune dysfunctions in FXS, we profiled a large panel of immune-related biomarkers in the serum of FXS patients and healthy controls.
Methods: We have used a sensitive and robust ElectroChemiLuminescence (ECL)-based immunoassay to measure the levels of 52 cytokines in the serum of n=25 FXS patients and n=29 healthy controls. We then used univariate statistics and multivariate analysis, as well as an advanced unsupervised clustering method, to identify combinations of immune-related biomarkers that could discriminate FXS patients from healthy individuals.
Results: While the majority of the tested cytokines were present at similar levels in FXS patients and healthy individuals, nine chemokines, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL26 and CXCL10, were present at much lower levels in FXS patients. Applying the K-sparse unsupervised clustering method to the biomarker dataset allowed for the identification of two subsets of individuals, which essentially matched the FXS and healthy control categories.
Conclusions: Our data suggest that FXS patients exhibit reduced serum levels of several chemokines and may therefore exhibit impaired immune responses. The present study also highlights the power of unsupervised clustering methods to identify combinations of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis in medicine.
CRISPR-cas system in the acquisition of virulence genes in the dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates of Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Gholizadeh Pourya , Aghazadeh Mohammad , Ghotaslou Reza , Rezaee Mohammad Ahangarzadeh , Pirzadeh Tahereh , Lanotte Philippe , Ganbarov Khudaverdi , Bastami Milad , Yousefi Mehdi , Kafil Hossein Samadi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the important causative agents of nosocomial and life-threatening infections in human. Several studies demonstrated that the presence of CRISPR-cas is associated with the antibiotic susceptibility and lack of virulence traits. In this study, we aimed to assess the relation between the phenotypic and genotypic virulence determinants of E. faecalis with the CRISPR elements in the dental-root canal and hospital-acquired isolates.Methods and materials: Eighty-eight hospital-acquired and 73 dental-root canal isolates of E. faecalis were subjected for study. The phenotype tests including biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activity were performed and the genotype characteristics including efaA, esp, cylA, hyl, gelE, ace, ebpR, and asa1 were performed by PCR methods. Presences of different types of CRISPR-cas system were determined by PCR.Results: Biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activity were detected in 93.8%, 29.2% and 19.2% of the isolates, respectively. The most gene encoding virulence traits were ace, followed by efaA and the lowest was cylA. The presence of CRISPR1-cas, orphan CRISPR2 and CRISPR3-cas were determined in 13%, 55.3%, and 17.4% of isolates, respectively, which were present in proportionally more in the dental-root canal. Inverse correlation were found significantly between CRISPR-cas loci, esp and gelE, and direct correlations were found in cylA, hyl, gelE (between some CRISPR-loci), asa1, ace, biofilm formation, gelatinase and hemolysis activitiesConclusion: Findings indicates that CRISPR-cas might prevent the acquisition of some respective pathogenicity factors in some isolates not all, and could not be selective forces to influence pathogenic traits.
PhoglyStruct: Prediction of phosphoglycerylated lysine residues using structural properties of amino acids
Authors: Chandra Abel , Sharma Alok 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The biological process known as post-translational modification \(PTM) contributes to diversifying the proteome hence affecting many aspects of normal cell biology and pathogenesis. There have been many recently reported PTMs, but lysine phosphoglycerylation has emerged as the most recent subject of interest. Despite a large number of proteins being sequenced, the experimental method for detection of phosphoglycerylated residues remains an expensive, time-consuming and inefficient endeavor in the post-genomic era. Instead, the computational methods are being proposed for accurately predicting phosphoglycerylated lysines. Though a number of predictors are available, performance in detecting phosphoglycerylated lysine residues is still limited. In this paper, we propose a new predictor called PhoglyStruct that utilizes structural information of amino acids alongside a multilayer perceptron classifier for predicting phosphoglycerylated and non-phosphoglycerylated lysine residues. For the experiment, we located phosphoglycerylated and non-phosphoglycerylated lysines in our employed benchmark. We then derived and integrated properties such as accessible surface area, backbone torsion angles, and local structure conformations. PhoglyStruct showed significant improvement in the ability to detect phosphoglycerylated residues from non-phosphoglycerylated ones when compared to previous predictors. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Mathews correlation coefficient and AUC were 0.8542, 0.7597, 0.7834, 0.5468 and 0.8077, respectively. The data and Matlab/Octave software packages are available at https://github.com/abelavit/PhoglyStruct.
Characterizing the Critical Zone Using Borehole and Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Flinchum Brady A. , Holbrook W. Steven , Parsekian Andrew D. , Carr Bradley J. 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
Unsaturated saprolite, saturated saprolite, and fractured rock have unique NMR responses.
Surface NMR signals will be dominated by water in saturated saprolite.
The heterogeneous nature of fractured rock results in low‐amplitude surface NMR signals.
Understanding critical zone (CZ) structure below the first few meters of Earth's surface is challenging and yet important to understand hydrologic and surface processes that influence life on Earth. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an emerging geophysical tool that can quantify the volume of groundwater and pore‐scale properties. Nuclear magnetic resonance has potential to aid in CZ studies, but it can be difficult to collect high‐quality NMR data in weathered and fractured rock. We present data from seven surface NMR soundings and six borehole NMR profiles collected on a weathered and fractured granite in the Laramie Range, Wyoming. First, we show that it is possible to collect high‐quality surface NMR data in a fractured rock. Second, we use the NMR data to delineate the weathering profile into three distinct zones—unsaturated saprolite, saturated saprolite, and fractured rock—and show that the surface NMR signal is dominated by saturated saprolite. Third, we show that lateral heterogeneity significantly reduces the surface NMR signal magnitude, which suggests that the boundary dividing saprolite and fractured rock is laterally heterogeneous. The NMR measurements, when combined with previously collected seismic refraction data, provide a unique opportunity to define the lateral heterogeneity of the boundary dividing saprolite and weathered bedrock in an eroding landscape underlain by crystalline rock.
A Dual‐Permeability Approach for Modeling Soil Water Flow and Heat Transport during Freezing and Thawing
Authors: Larsbo Mats , Holten Roger , Stenrød Marianne , Eklo Ole Martin , Jarvis Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
Macropore flow may be enhanced in partly frozen soil.
We developed a dual‐permeability modeling approach for frozen soils.
Four test cases of increasing complexity were evaluated.
Modeling results are in agreement with current process understanding.
Measured data are lacking for a more quantitative evaluation of the model.
Preferential flow may become significant in partially frozen soils because infiltration can occur through large, initially air‐filled pores surrounded by a soil matrix with limited infiltration capacity. The objectives of this study were to develop and evaluate a dual‐permeability approach for simulating water flow and heat transport in macroporous soils undergoing freezing and thawing. This was achieved by introducing physically based equations for soil freezing and thawing into the dual‐permeability model MACRO. Richards' equation and the heat flow equation were loosely coupled using the generalized Clapeyron equation for the soil micropore domain. Freezing and thawing of macropore water is governed by a first‐order equation for energy transfer between the micropore and macropore domains. We assumed that macropore water was unaffected by capillary forces, so that water in macropores freezes at 0°C. The performance of the model was evaluated for four test cases: (i) redistribution of water in the micropore domain during freezing, (ii) a comparison between the first‐order energy transfer approach and the heat conduction equation, (iii) infiltration and water flow in frozen soil with an initially air‐filled macropore domain, and (iv) thawing from the soil surface during constant‐rate rainfall. Results show that the model behaves in accordance with the current understanding of water flow and heat transport in frozen macroporous soil. To improve modeling of water and heat flow in frozen soils, attention should now be focused on providing experimental data suitable for evaluating models that account for macropore flow.
Crystallographic and fluid compositional effects on the halogen (Cl, F, Br, I) incorporation in pyromorphite-group minerals
Authors: Epp Tatjana , Marks Michael A.W. , Ludwig Thomas , Kendrick Mark A. , Eby Nelson , Neidhardt Harald , Oelmann Yvonne , Markl Gregor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pyromorphite-group minerals (PyGM), mainly pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl], mimetite [Pb5(AsO4)3Cl], and vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl], are common phases that form by supergene weathering of galena. Their formation is strongly influenced by processes at the Earth's surface and in the soil overlying a lead deposit, and they incorporate high amounts of halogens, mostly Cl and, in some cases, F. The abundance of Br and I in natural PyGM and their potential as process tracers during surface and sub-surface fluid-rock interaction processes has not been investigated in detail due to analytical difficulties. We, therefore, developed methods for the simultaneous determination of Cl, F, Br, and I in PyGM for (1) powdered bulk samples via combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and (2) compositionally zoned crystals by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
Our study is based on well-characterized samples of pyromorphite (N = 38), mimetite (N = 16), and vanadinite (N = 2) from Schwarzwald (Germany). Natural pyromorphite incorporates more I (up to 26 μg/g) than mimetite (up to 2 μg/g) and vanadinite (up to 1 μg/g), while Br contents are higher in mimetite (up to 20 μg/g) and vanadinite (up to 13 μg/g) compared to pyromorphite (less than 4 μg/g). These results are unexpected, as mimetite and vanadinite have longer As/V-O bonds giving them larger unit cells and larger polyhedral volumes for the Cl site in the Pb26 octahedron than pyromorphite. Accordingly, pyromorphite was expected to preferentially incorporate Br rather than I, but the opposite is observed. Hence, halogen chemistry of PyGM is probably not governed by a crystal-chemical control (alone) but by fluid composition. However, the exact reasons remain enigmatic. This idea is corroborated by spatially resolved SIMS analyses that show that many pyromorphite-group minerals are strongly zoned with respect to their halogen mass ratios (e.g., Br/Cl, Br/I mass ratios). Furthermore, variations in halogen abundance ratios do not correlate with Ca/Pb, P/As, or P/V ratios and therefore may record alternating and season-dependent environmental parameters including biological activity, vegetation density, physico-chemical soil properties, and rainfall rate. We suggest that the zonation reflects multiple single fluid flow episodes and, hence, records surface processes. However, further experiments concerning the fractionation of halogens between fluid and PyGM are needed before halogen ratios in pyromorphite-group minerals can be used as reliable monitors of fluid-driven processes.
Formulación de imputación ¿un «acto de mera comunicación»? aproximación jurisprudencial a la institución jurídico-procesal
Authors: Osorio Vásquez Camilo 
Published: August 2019

En el texto se aborda la institución jurídico-procesal de la Formulación de imputación, la cual ha generado diversas discusiones frente a su papel dentro del sistema procesal con tendencia acusatoria de la Ley 906 de 2004, por lo que se aborda a partir del método hermenéutico. Inicialmente se proponen unas nociones esenciales sobre la audiencia preliminar a la que se hace referencia, para luego tratar los requisitos del acto de atribución que realiza la Fiscalía General de la Nación, y posteriormente plantear de forma concisa, sin pretensiones exhaustividad, las tensiones existentes en la jurisprudencia sobre el ejercicio del derecho de defensa y del derecho de contradicción en la imputación de cargos y en la etapa de indagación preliminar del proceso penal.
Descentralización político-administrativa: ¿mito o realidad? Reflexiones a propósito de los 25 años de la Constitución Política de Colombia
Authors: Morales Chitiva Daniel Fernando , Gutiérrez Lizcano Luis Alberto 
Published: August 2019

Desde la consolidación del Estado como una república, el modelo de gobierno centralista se ha mantenido como el foco imperante en el desarrollo político-administrativo del país, reafirmando su posición en la Constitución de 1886 por un periodo de 105 años, hasta la nueva proclama constitucional de 1991; proclama que surge en un escenario político convulso, en el cual se buscaba alcanzar la paz con grupos insurgentes, reafirmar y recuperar la legitimidad del Estado, y por último alcanzar una descentralización que permitiera aliviar las tensiones políticas no deseadas resolviendo de este modo las necesidades de las comunidades dentro del territorio nacional. A pesar de dichos avances en materia legislativa, la realidad –25 años después de la entrada en vigor de la constitución– es otra