bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views of young people in Malaysia on mental health, help‐seeking and unusual psychological experiences
Authors: Berry Clio , Michelson Daniel , Othman Ellisha , Tan Jun C. , Gee Brioney , Hodgekins Joanne , Byrne Rory E. , Ng Alvin L. O. , Marsh Nigel V. , Coker Sian , Fowler David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimMental health problems are prevalent among young people in Malaysia yet access to specialist mental health care is extremely limited. More context‐specific research is needed to understand the factors affecting help‐seeking in youth, when mental health problems typically have first onset. We aimed to explore the attitudes of vulnerable young Malaysians regarding mental health problems including unusual psychological experiences, help‐seeking and mental health treatment.MethodsIn the present study, nine young people (aged 16–23 years) from low‐income backgrounds participated in a semi‐structured interview about their perspectives on mental health problems, unusual psychological experiences and help‐seeking.ResultsFour themes were developed using thematic analysis. “Is it that they [have] family problems?” reflected participants' explanatory models of mental health problems. “Maybe in Malaysia” was concerned with perceptions of Malaysian culture as both encouraging of open sharing of problems and experiences, but also potentially stigmatizing. “You have to ask for help” emphasized the importance of mental health help‐seeking despite potential stigma. “It depends on the person” addressed the challenges of engaging with psychological therapy.ConclusionsWe conclude that young people in Malaysia may hold compassionate, non‐stigmatizing views towards people experiencing mental health problems and a desire to increase their knowledge and understandings. Yet societal stigma is a perceived reputational risk that may affect mental health problem disclosure and help‐seeking. We suggest that efforts to improve mental health literacy would be valued by young Malaysians and could support reduced stigma and earlier help‐seeking.
Modulation of striatal dopamine dynamics by cocaine self‐administration and amphetamine treatment in female rats
Authors: Siciliano Cody A. , Mauterer Madelyn I. , Fordahl Steve C. , Jones Sara R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite decades of research into the neurobiological basis of cocaine abuse, pharmacotherapeutic treatments for cocaine addiction have been largely ineffective. Converging evidence from preclinical research and from outpatient clinical trials suggest that treatment with amphetamine is efficacious in reducing cocaine intake. Although it has been suggested that amphetamine treatment reduces cocaine intake as an agonist replacement therapy, we have shown recently that multiple aspects of dopamine signaling are altered by cocaine self‐administration and returned to pre‐cocaine function by amphetamine treatment in the nucleus accumbens of male rats. Here, we sought to determine if these effects were also evident in female subjects, and across regions of the striatum. Female rats performed 5 days of cocaine self‐administration (1.5 mg kg−1 inj−1, 40 inj/day) and were treated with a single amphetamine (0.56 mg/kg) or saline infusion 1 hr prior to killing. We then used ex vivo fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry in the nucleus accumbens core or dorsolateral caudate‐putamen to examine dopamine signaling and cocaine potency. We found that in the nucleus accumbens core, cocaine self‐administration decreased dopamine uptake rate and cocaine potency, and both alterations were restored by amphetamine treatment. In the dorsolateral caudate‐putamen, neither cocaine self‐administration nor amphetamine treatment altered dopamine uptake; however, cocaine potency was decreased by self‐administration and returned to control levels by amphetamine. Together, these findings support a role for amphetamine treatment for cocaine addiction outside of agonist replacement therapy, and suggest that the development of cocaine tolerance is similar across sexes.
Epileptiform activity contralateral to unilateral hippocampal sclerosis does not cause the expression of brain damage markers
Authors: Noè Francesco , Cattalini Alessandro , Vila Verde Diogo , Alessi Camilla , Colciaghi Francesca , Figini Matteo , Zucca Ileana , de Curtis Marco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients with epilepsy often ask if recurrent seizures harm their brain and aggravate their epileptic condition. This crucial question has not been specifically addressed by dedicated experiments. We analyze here if intense bilateral seizure activity induced by local injection of kainic acid (KA) in the right hippocampus produces brain damage in the left hippocampus.MethodsAdult guinea pigs were bilaterally implanted with hippocampal electrodes for continuous video—electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. Unilateral injection of 1 μg KA in the dorsal CA1 area induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus (ncSE) characterized by bilateral hippocampal seizure discharges. This treatment resulted in selective unilateral sclerosis of the KA‐injected hippocampus. Three days after KA injection, the animals were killed, and the brains were submitted to ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were processed for immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsDuring ncSE, epileptiform activity was recorded for 27.6 ± 19.1 hours in both the KA‐injected and contralateral hippocampi. Enhanced T1‐weighted MR signal due to gadolinium deposition, mean diffusivity reduction, neuronal loss, gliosis, and blood–brain barrier permeability changes was observed exclusively in the KA‐injected hippocampus. Despite the presence of a clear unilateral hippocampal sclerosis at the site of KA injection, no structural alterations were detected by MR and immunostaining analysis performed in the hippocampus contralateral to KA injection 3 days and 2 months after ncSE induction. Fluoro‐Jade and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining at the same time points confirmed the absence of degenerating cells in the hippocampi contralateral to KA injection.SignificanceWe demonstrate that intense epileptiform activity during ncSE does not cause obvious brain damage in the hippocampus contralateral to unilateral hippocampal KA injection. These findings argue against the hypothesis that epileptiform activity per se contributes to focal brain injury in previously undamaged cortical regions.
Automated detection of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy risk factors in electronic medical records using natural language processing
Authors: Barbour Kristen , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Tian Niu , Yozawitz Elissa G. , McGoldrick Patricia E. , Wolf Steven , McDonough Tiffani L. , Nelson Aaron , Loddenkemper Tobias , Basma Natasha , Johnson Stephen B. , Grinspan Zachary M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an important cause of mortality in epilepsy. However, there is a gap in how often providers counsel patients about SUDEP. One potential solution is to electronically prompt clinicians to provide counseling via automated detection of risk factors in electronic medical records (EMRs). We evaluated (1) the feasibility and generalizability of using regular expressions to identify risk factors in EMRs and (2) barriers to generalizability.MethodsData included physician notes for 3000 patients from one medical center (home) and 1000 from five additional centers (away). Through chart review, we identified three SUDEP risk factors: (1) generalized tonic–clonic seizures, (2) refractory epilepsy, and (3) epilepsy surgery candidacy. Regular expressions of risk factors were manually created with home training data, and performance was evaluated with home test and away test data. Performance was evaluated by sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F‐measure. Generalizability was defined as an absolute decrease in performance by <0.10 for away versus home test data. To evaluate underlying barriers to generalizability, we identified causes of errors seen more often in away data than home data. To demonstrate how small revisions can improve generalizability, we removed three “boilerplate” standard text phrases from away notes and repeated performance.ResultsWe observed high performance in home test data (F‐measure range = 0.86‐0.90), and low to high performance in away test data (F‐measure range = 0.53‐0.81). After removing three boilerplate phrases, away performance improved (F‐measure range = 0.79‐0.89) and generalizability was achieved for nearly all measures. The only significant barrier to generalizability was use of boilerplate phrases, causing 104 of 171 errors (61%) in away data.SignificanceRegular expressions are a feasible and probably a generalizable method to identify variables related to SUDEP risk. Our methods may be implemented to create large patient cohorts for research and to generate electronic prompts for SUDEP counseling.
Taxonomic and geographic gaps in understanding the functional effects of imperilled fishes on freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Moody Eric K. , Albright Ellen , Cope Katie , Fleck Rachel , Grigel Haley , Ortiz David , Wilkinson Grace M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects that fishes have on rates of one or more ecosystem processes (hereafter referred to as functional effects) are often invoked as an important reason for imperilled species conservation. However, the degree to which we understand these effects is rarely evaluated for most groups of fishes. We assessed how well the functional effects of freshwater and diadromous fishes, one of the most imperilled groups of animals, are quantified to date. We found that 88% of studies considering the functional effects of imperilled North American fishes were conducted on one family, Salmonidae. Studies of the functional effects of fishes were also concentrated in Pacific drainages of North America, with few studies in hotspots of imperilled fish diversity such as the Southeastern United States, the arid Southwest and central Mexico. Our results demonstrate the vast taxonomic and geographic gaps in our functional understanding of imperilled fishes and highlight the need to broaden this work to justify the argument that they are functionally important in the ecosystems they inhabit.
A tale of two cousins: Ependymal cells, quiescent neural stem cells and potential mechanisms driving their functional divergence
Authors: Stratton Jo Anne , Shah Prajay , Sinha Sarthak , Crowther Emilie , Biernaskie Jeff 
Published: May 2019

Recent work has suggested that stem cells exhibit far greater heterogeneity than initially thought. Indeed, their dynamic nature and shared traits with surrounding niche cells have made prospective identification of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) challenging. Refined fate mapping strategies and single‐cell omics techniques have begun to clarify functionally distinct states within the adult NSC pool, the molecular signatures that govern these states, and the functional contributions/interactions with neighboring cells within the subventricular niche. Ependymal cells are the epithelial cells which line the ventricular system and reside in the same niche as NSCs. Our own work has revealed that, despite sharing similar embryonic origins with NSCs and close geographic proximity, ependymal cells are transcriptionally distinct and fail to exhibit stem cell function in vivo, even following injury. Intriguingly, comparison of ependymal cells with qNSCs revealed transcriptional signatures that are largely overlapping, suggesting that post‐transcriptional regulation might underlie their divergent phenotypes. Additional analysis of ependymal versus qNSC gene regulatory network activation supports this notion. This Viewpoint summarizes the historical confusion regarding the identity of NSCs within the lateral ventricle niche and describes recent work that provides greater appreciation for the diverse functional states within the NSC niche.
Episodic recruitment of young Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) during high discharge in a floodplain lake of the River Paraná, Argentina
Authors: Lozano Ismael E. , Llamazares Vegh Sabina , Gómez María I. , Piazza Yanina G. , Salva Javier L. , Fuentes Carlos M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProchilodus lineatus (Val.) is one of the main target species of South American freshwater fisheries. The following null hypotheses regarding juvenile recruitment of P. lineatus were tested: (a) recruitment is not determined by variations in larval abundance and (b) recruitment is not determined by variations in discharge. For this purpose, variations in abundance of larvae in main channel drift and monthly captures of juveniles in a floodplain lake of the River Paraná were examined weekly between 2009 and 2016. Mean annual abundances of larval densities and CPUE of juveniles were correlated with a set of hydrometric variables. A positive correlation was found between the abundance of juveniles with high and persistent flood pulses. By contrast, larval abundance was not correlated with juvenile abundance. Pronounced contrast was found in the recruitment of P. lineatus between years of high and low discharge, which supports the hypothesis that floods are the main determining factor for recruitment of this species.
Does political pressure matter in bank lending? Evidence from China
Authors: Cai Weixing , Xu Fangming , Zeng Cheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing provincial data from China between 2002 and 2011, we find substantial evidence indicating a positive association between the growth of bank loans issued by commercial banks and the political pressures faced by provincial leaders. This association is particularly true for state‐owned banks, which are much more politically pressurized than others, but is relatively attenuated in provinces with a more developed banking sector. We also find that bank loans issued under greater political pressures are less commercially oriented and have lower quality. Our findings are robust to a variety of sensitivity analyses and alternative measures of political pressure. Overall, our study contribute to a growing literature emphasizing the role of the political incentives of government officials in fuelling economic growth through credit allocation.
Motivating high‐impact innovation: Evidence from managerial compensation contracts
Authors: Francis Bill B. , Hasan Iftekhar , Sharma Zenu , Waisman Maya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation and firm innovation and find that long‐term incentives in the form of options, especially unvested options, and protection from managerial termination in the form of golden parachutes are positively related to corporate innovation, and particularly to high‐impact, exploratory (new knowledge creation) invention. Conversely, non‐equity pay has a detrimental effect on the input, output and impact of innovation. Tests using the passage of an option expensing regulation (FAS 123R) as an exogenous shock to option compensation suggest a causal interpretation for the link between long‐term pay incentives, patents and citations. Furthermore, we find that the decline in option pay following the implementation of FAS 123R has led to a significant reduction in exploratory innovation and therefore had a detrimental effect on innovation output. Overall, our findings support the idea that compensation contracts that protect from early project failure and incentivize long‐term commitment are more suitable for inducing high‐impact corporate innovation.
Natural climate solutions versus bioenergy: Can carbon benefits of natural succession compete with bioenergy from short rotation coppice?
Authors: Kalt Gerald , Mayer Andreas , Theurl Michaela C. , Lauk Christian , Erb Karl‐Heinz , Haberl Helmut 
Published: May 2019

AbstractShort rotation plantations are often considered as holding vast potentials for future global bioenergy supply. In contrast to raising biomass harvests in forests, purpose‐grown biomass does not interfere with forest carbon (C) stocks. Provided that agricultural land can be diverted from food and feed production without impairing food security, energy plantations on current agricultural land appear as a beneficial option in terms of renewable, climate‐friendly energy supply. However, instead of supporting energy plantations, land could also be devoted to natural succession. It then acts as a long‐term C sink which also results in C benefits. We here compare the sink strength of natural succession on arable land with the C saving effects of bioenergy from plantations. Using geographically explicit data on global cropland distribution among climate and ecological zones, regionally specific C accumulation rates are calculated with IPCC default methods and values. C savings from bioenergy are given for a range of displacement factors (DFs), acknowledging the varying efficiency of bioenergy routes and technologies in fossil fuel displacement. A uniform spatial pattern is assumed for succession and bioenergy plantations, and the considered timeframes range from 20 to 100 years. For many parameter settings—in particular, longer timeframes and high DFs—bioenergy yields higher cumulative C savings than natural succession. Still, if woody biomass displaces liquid transport fuels or natural gas‐based electricity generation, natural succession is competitive or even superior for timeframes of 20–50 years. This finding has strong implications with climate and environmental policies: Freeing land for natural succession is a worthwhile low‐cost natural climate solution that has many co‐benefits for biodiversity and other ecosystem services. A considerable risk, however, is C stock losses (i.e., emissions) due to disturbances or land conversion at a later time.
Acute efficacy and clinical outcomes using HotBalloon for pulmonary vein isolation in patients with a left common pulmonary vein
Authors: Nakamura Yoshinori , Sohara Hiroshi , Ihara Minoru 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionHotBalloon material is compliant and the balloon size can be enlarged by increasing the intraballoon injection volume. HotBalloon‐based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) has demonstrated encouraging clinical results in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), however, the acute efficacy and clinical outcomes of the HotBalloon‐based PVI have never been fully investigated in patients with a left common pulmonary vein (LCPV).Methods and ResultsOne hundred fifty‐three PAF patients underwent HotBalloon‐based PVI. Three‐dimensional computed tomography was performed in all patients before the ablation. An LCPV was observed in 40 (26%) patients. For HotBalloon ablation of an LCPV, in patients with an LCPV of superoinferior diameter <34 mm, the left common ostium was preferably isolated if sufficient occlusion could be achieved. In patients with an LCPV diameter ≥34 mm, left superior and inferior branches of the LCPV were targeted individually. The number of HotBalloon applications in patients with LCPV was significantly smaller than without LCPV (7.3 ± 2.0 vs 8.1 ± 2.1; P = .04). In patients with LCPV diameter <34 mm, 75% of LCPVs successfully achieved full balloon occlusion (50% were isolated by application at the LCPV ostium alone, 25% by application at the LCPV ostium followed by either superior or inferior LCPV branch ablation) and 25% were isolated individually. One year after a single session, the arrhythmia‐free rates were similar between patients with and without LCPV (77% vs 74%, log rank, P = .86).ConclusionsHotBalloon‐based PVI delivers long‐term favorable success rates with fewer HotBalloon applications in paroxysmal AF patients with an LCPV.
Cardiopulmonary support in patients undergoing catheter ablation of poorly tolerated ventricular arrhythmias and electrical storm
Authors: Di Monaco Antonio , Quadrini Federico , Troisi Federica , Vitulano Nicola , Caruso Rosa , Duni Nicola , Cecere Giacomo , Guida Piero , Langialonga Tommaso , Grimaldi Massimo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation is an important treatment option for sustained ventricular arrhythmias (VA) that are refractory to pharmacological treatment; however, patients with fast VA or electrical storm (ES) are at risk for cardiogenic shock. We report our experience using cardiopulmonary support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during catheter ablation of VA.MethodsNineteen patients (mean age, 62 ± 10 years; 84% male) were referred to our center for CA of ES between January 2017 and April 2018. ES was defined as the occurrence of ≥3 ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation episodes requiring electrical cardioversion or defibrillation in a 24‐hour period. ECMO support was implemented for all patients.ResultsCA of ES was completed in all patients. Activation mapping was performed for all VTs and substrate modification was performed by targeting sites identified by late/fragmented abnormal potentials. VTs were not inducible after ablation in 16 of 19 patients (84%). With regard to procedural complications, two patients underwent percutaneous angioplasty with stenting for a femoral artery dissection and one patient was treated for a dislodged ECMO arterial cannula and subsequent hemorrhagic shock. After a median follow‐up of 10 months, three patients died from refractory heart failure and one patient died as a result of ES. Overall, the procedural success rate was 68% and the Kaplan‐Meier mortality rate was 21%.ConclusionsECMO support may be used for ablation procedures in patients with ES.
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) positively regulates imiquimod‐induced, psoriasiform dermal inflammation in mice
Authors: Zhou Yan , Han Dan , Follansbee Taylor , Wu Xuesong , Yu Sebastian , Wang Bo , Shi Zhenrui , Domocos Dan T. , Carstens Mirela , Carstens Earl , Hwang Samuel T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a membrane protein ion channel, is known to mediate itch and pain in skin. The function of TRPA1, however, in psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD) is uncertain. Herein, we found that expression of TRPA1 is highly up‐regulated in human psoriatic lesional skin. To study the role of TRPA1 in PsD, we assessed Psoriasis Severity Index (PSI) scores, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin thickness and pathology, and examined dermal inflammatory infiltrates, Th17‐related genes and itch‐related genes in c57BL/6 as wild‐type (WT) and TRPA1 gene knockout (KO) mice following daily application of topical IMQ cream for 5 days. Compared with WT mice, clinical scores, skin thickness change and TEWL scores were similar on day 3, but were significantly decreased on day 5 in IMQ‐treated TRPA1 KO mice (vs WT mice), suggesting reduced inflammation and skin barrier defects. Additionally, the relative area of epidermal Munro's microabscesses and mRNA levels of neutrophil inducible chemokines (S100A8, S100A9 and CXCL1) were decreased in the treated skin of TRPA1 KO mice, suggesting that neutrophil recruitment was impaired in the KO mice. Furthermore, mast cells, CD31+ blood vascular cells, CD45+ leukocytes and CD3+ T cells were all reduced in the treated skin of TRPA1 KO mice. Lastly, mRNA expression levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐23, IL‐17A, IL‐17F and IL‐22 were decreased in TRPA1 KO mice. In summary, these results suggest a key role for TRPA1 in psoriasiform inflammation and raising its potential as a target for therapeutic intervention.