bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barrier Effects of the Kuroshio Current on the East Asian Northerly Monsoon: A Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Pan Jiayi , Feng Xue , Lai Wenfeng , Devlin Adam T. , Lin Hui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThrough the use of satellite scatterometer data, it is observed that the East Asian northerly monsoonal winds decrease drastically when crossing the Kuroshio Current. In a section across the Kuroshio Current region, as revealed by reanalysis data, it is suggested that the upward velocity has a two-cell structure extending to the 500 hPa height, and a strong atmospheric convergence is present below the 900 hPa level. The reanalysis data also show that the northerly wind speed decreases significantly when crossing the Kuroshio Current region below 850 hPa height. A sensitivity analysis is implemented using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, showing that the atmospheric convergence and the northerly wind drop are enhanced as the Kuroshio region surface temperature increases. This indicates that the Kuroshio Current can act as a barrier to the East Asian northerly monsoonal winds in winter.
Rho–ROCK signaling regulates tumor-microenvironment interactions
Authors: Johan Mohammad Zahied , Samuel Michael S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Reciprocal biochemical and biophysical interactions between tumor cells, stromal cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) result in a unique tumor microenvironment that determines disease outcome. The cellular component of the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor growth by providing nutrients, assisting in the infiltration of immune cells and regulating the production and remodeling of the ECM. The ECM is a noncellular component of the tumor microenvironment and provides both physical and biochemical support to the tumor cells. Rho–ROCK signaling is a key regulator of actomyosin contractility and regulates cell shape, cytoskeletal arrangement and thereby cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility and adhesion. Rho–ROCK signaling has been shown to promote cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. However, it is becoming clear that this pathway also regulates key tumor-promoting properties of the cellular and noncellular components of the tumor microenvironment. There is accumulating evidence that Rho–ROCK signaling enhances ECM stiffness, modifies ECM composition, increases the motility of tumor-associated fibroblasts and lymphocytes and promotes trans-endothelial migration of tumor-associated lymphocytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the current state of knowledge on the role of Rho–ROCK signaling in regulating the tumor microenvironment and the implications of this knowledge for therapy, potentially via the development of selective inhibitors of the components of this pathway to permit the tuning of signaling flux, including one example with demonstrated utility in pre-clinical models.
The molecular mechanism of DHHC protein acyltransferases
Authors: Rana Mitra S. , Lee Chul-Jin , Banerjee Anirban 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Protein S-acylation is a reversible lipidic posttranslational modification where a fatty acid chain is covalently linked to cysteine residues by a thioester linkage. A family of integral membrane enzymes known as DHHC protein acyltransferases (DHHC-PATs) catalyze this reaction. With the rapid development of the techniques used for identifying lipidated proteins, the repertoire of S-acylated proteins continues to increase. This, in turn, highlights the important roles that S-acylation plays in human physiology and disease. Recently, the first molecular structures of DHHC-PATs were determined using X-ray crystallography. This review will comment on the insights gained on the molecular mechanism of S-acylation from these structures in combination with a wealth of biochemical data generated by researchers in the field.
Control freaks—signals and cues governing the regulation of virulence in attaching and effacing pathogens
Authors: Turner Natasha C.A. , Connolly James P.R. , Roe Andrew J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) mediates disease using a type 3 secretion system (T3SS), which is encoded on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) and is tightly controlled by master regulators. This system is further modulated by a number of signals that help to fine-tune virulence, including metabolic, environmental and chemical signals. Since the LEE and its master regulator, Ler, were established, there have been numerous scientific advancements in understanding the regulation and expression of virulence factors in EHEC. This review will discuss the recent advancements in this field since our previous review, with a focus on the transcriptional regulation of the LEE.
The Fornax Deep Survey with the VST
Authors: Iodice E. , Spavone M. , Capaccioli M. , Peletier R. F. , van de Ven G. , Napolitano N. R. , Hilker M. , Mieske S. , Smith R. , Pasquali A. , Limatola L. , Grado A. , Venhola A. , Cantiello M. , Paolillo M. , Falcon-Barroso J. , D’Abrusco R. , Schipani P. 
Published: December 2018

Context. This paper is based on the multi-band (ugri) Fornax Deep Survey (FDS) with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). We study bright early-type galaxies (mB ≤ 15 mag) in the 9 square degrees around the core of the Fornax cluster, which covers the virial radius (Rvir  ∼ 0.7 Mpc).
Aims. The main goal of the present work is to provide an analysis of the light distribution for all galaxies out to unprecedented limits (in radius and surface brightness) and to release the main products resulting from this analysis in all FDS bands. We give an initial comprehensive view of the galaxy structure and evolution as a function of the cluster environment.
Methods. From the isophote fit, we derived the azimuthally averaged surface brightness profiles, the position angle, and ellipticity profiles as a function of the semi-major axis. In each band, we derived the total magnitudes, effective radii, integrated colours, and stellar mass-to-light ratios.
Results. The long integration times, the arcsec-level angular resolution of OmegaCam at VST, and the large covered area of FDS allow us to map the light and colour distributions out to large galactocentric distances (up to about 10−15 Re) and surface brightness levels beyond μr = 27 mag arcsec−2 (μB ≥ 28 mag arcsec−2). Therefore, the new FDS data allow us to explore in great detail the morphology and structure of cluster galaxies out to the region of the stellar halo. The analysis presented in this paper allows us to study how the structure of galaxies and the stellar population content vary with the distance from the cluster centre. In addition to the intra-cluster features detected in previous FDS works, we found a new faint filament between FCC 143 and FCC 147, suggesting an ongoing interaction.
Conclusions. The observations suggest that the Fornax cluster is not completely relaxed inside the virial radius. The bulk of the gravitational interactions between galaxies happens in the W-NW core region of the cluster, where most of the bright early-type galaxies are located and where the intra-cluster baryons (diffuse light and globular clusters) are found. We suggest that the W-NW sub-clump of galaxies results from an infalling group onto the cluster, which has modified the structure of the galaxy outskirts (making asymmetric stellar halos) and has produced the intra-cluster baryons (ICL and GCs), concentrated in this region of the cluster.
Akzidentelle Hypothermie
Authors: Sefrin Peter 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungEine akzidentelle Hypothermie ist nicht nur im Winter, sondern im Rettungsdienst ganzjährig zu erwarten. Von einer Hypothermie spricht man, wenn die Körperkerntemperatur (KKT) unter 35 °C abfällt. Die Ursachen für eine akzidentelle Hypothermie sind vielfältig und reichen von einer Exposition und äußere Faktoren über Intoxikationen bis hin zu Ertrinken und Verschüttung unter Schnee.
Anthropometry, Physical and Movement Features, and Repeated-sprint Ability in Soccer Players
Authors: Campa Francesco , Semprini Gabriele , Júdice Pedro , Messina Gianluca , Toselli Stefania 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the associations of anthropometry, functional movement patterns (FMP) and physical performance characteristics with repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in male youth soccer players. Thirty six athletes (ages 16.6±0.5 years, BMI 22.0±1.3 kg/m2) completed the RSA test and other physical tests including countermovement jump with (CMJA) and without the help of arms (CMJ), 10-m and 20-m straight-line sprints, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo), and functional movement screen (FMS). In addition, a battery of anthropometric variables was measured. RSA performance components such as best time (BT), mean time (MT) and sprint decrement were calculated. Results showed that measures of physical performance derived from horizontal plane in 10-m and 20-m sprints, were more strongly associated (p<0.01) with RSA performance than those obtained with CMJ or CMJA (p<0.05). High correlations (p<0.01) were found between MT, BT and Yo-Yo distance (r=−0.79, r=−0.67, respectively), as well as with FMS scores (r=−0.68, r=−0.58, respectively). Anthropometric measures, such as fat mass, upper fat area, thigh fat area, calf muscle area, and endomorphy were associated with RSA components (p<0.05). Predictors for the RSA performance identified in the stepwise multivariate analysis included Yo-Yo distance, time in sprints, FMP, and calf muscle area.
Der Zielschritt-Test (ZST) – Ein Test zur
Überprüfung der motorischen
Differenzierungsfähigkeit
Authors: Derlien Steffen , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie motorische Differenzierungsfähigkeit ist eine Eigenschaft, welche
essentiell für die Bewegungsausführung ist. Der
Zielschritt-Test eröffnet die Möglichkeit diese
Fähigkeit zu überprüfen und einzuschätzen.
Dieser Test wird hier vorgestellt.
Adherence to Therapeutic Footwear in Type 2 Diabetes in Malta
Authors: Formosa Cynthia , Borg Anthea , Papanas Nikolaos , Mizzi Stephen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background The literature reports that people living with diabetes do not adhere to their prescribed therapeutic footwear as instructed. The reason for this is still uncertian although certain footwear characteristics seem to reasons reported leading to reduced level of adherence.
Objectives To explore the reasons for current adherence or otherwise to prescribed stock footwear amongst patients living with type-2 diabetes.
Methods An exploratory qualitative design method using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis [IPA] was employed in this research. Employing purposive sampling, twelve participants were recruited and interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and later analysed.
Results Common themes that emerged from this study fell under 2 main categories including ‘Adherence’ and ‘Non – Adherence’ to wearing the prescribed stock footwear. A number of themes were identified with regards to the reasons for such adherence or otherwise by respective participants including footwear characteristics, service provision, peer pressure and the patient’s knowledge and attitudes.
Conclusion This study demonstrated suboptimal adherence to wearing therapeutic footwear among people with type 2 diabetes. Although the literature highlights the importance of adherence to therapeutic footwear in high risk populations for the prevention of diabetic foot complications, this study provides the reasons as to why patients still do not comply in wearing their prescribed therapeutic footwear. In order to improve behavioral changes patients would require on-going care, empowerment and support combined with educational programs to achieve a higher level of adherence. More research is warranted to explore further psychosocial interventions in diabetes care.
Comparison of Polypropylene and Bioabsorbable Mesh for Abdominal Wall Reinforcement following Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Jordan Sumanas , Schulz Steven , Carraher Amanda , Cabiling David 
Published: December 2018

Background Abdominal wall morbidity following microvascular breast reconstruction continues to be an area of interest due to both functional and aesthetic concerns. Donor-site closure technique has been shown to affect bulge and hernia rates and ranges from primary closure to various uses of mesh. Few studies to date have compared types of mesh. The present study compares BARD polypropylene to bioabsorbable GORE Bio-A (polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate) mesh used as a fascial underlay with primary fascial closure.
Methods A retrospective review of all consecutive deep inferior epigastric artery-based microvascular breast reconstructions, including perforator and muscle-sparing flaps, performed between September 2014 and February 2017 was performed. All patients underwent primary fascial closure with mesh underlay. Risk factors for the formation of an abdominal bulge or hernia were identified by multivariate logistic regression.
Results Eighty-seven patients, with 123 abdominal donor sites, were included. Heavy-weight polypropylene mesh was used for 58 donor sites, while polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate mesh was used in 65 donor sites. The overall incidence of bulge or hernia was 11.4%. The bioabsorbable cohort experienced significantly more bulges/hernias than the polypropylene mesh cohort (20% vs. 1.7% by donor site). Time to diagnosis of bulge was longer for the bioabsorbable group (219 ± 107 vs. 69 days). Flap type and perforator row were not associated with bulge/hernia. The polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate mesh was associated with a 13.3-fold risk of bulge/hernia (p = 0.016).
Conclusion Polyglycolic acid/trimethylene carbonate mesh is not appropriate for anterior rectus fascia reinforcement following abdominal tissue transfer.
Long-Term Effects of Bevacizumab on Vestibular Schwannoma Volume in Neurofibromatosis Type 2 Patients
Authors: Killeen Daniel E. , Klesse Laura , Tolisano Anthony M. , Hunter Jacob B. , Kutz Joe Walter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction Bevacizumab offers a medical treatment that may slow the growth of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and possibly preserve hearing in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). This study aims to investigate the effect of long-term bevacizumab treatment on VS progression.
Methods Demographic, clinical, audiometric, and radiographic data were collected from the medical records of NF2 patients treated with bevacizumab at a tertiary medical center.
Results Eleven tumors from seven NF2 patients treated with bevacizumab were analyzed. The median age was 17 years (range: 12–47 years). Median bevacizumab treatment time was 33 months (range: 12–74 months). Of five patients with serviceable hearing pretreatment, one (20%) maintained serviceable hearing during bevacizumab therapy. Significantly slower growth rates for both tumor diameters and tumor volumes were identified during active bevacizumab treatment. Median tumor diameters and volumes during active bevacizumab treatment were 0 cm/year (range: –0.13–0.17 cm/year) and 0.1 cm3/year (range: –0.92–0.41), compared with 0.37 cm/year (range: 0–1.5 cm/year, p = 0.0011) and 1.38 cm3/year (range: 0.013–3.74), respectively, without bevacizumab treatment (p = 0.0263). Reduced tumor progression was noted with bevacizumab treatment utilizing both linear greatest diameter (hazard ratio 0.16, p = 0.006) and segmentation volumes (hazard ratio 0.15, p = 0.023). Complications of bevacizumab treatment included fatigue (43%), nausea/vomiting (43%), hypertension (43%), epistaxis (29%), and proteinuria (29%). One subject had a cerebrovascular accident detected on screening magnetic resonance imaging without symptoms or neurological sequelae.
Discussion Bevacizumab may reduce tumor growth rate and the risk of progression based on both volumetric and linear measurements.
Addressing socioeconomic inequality in access to university education: an analysis of synergies and tensions in Scottish policy
Authors: Sosu Edward M. , Smith Lauren N. , Santoro Ninetta , McKendry Stephanie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInternational research suggests that access to higher education has a significant impact on individuals’ life chances and their standard of living, yet university student populations often do not reflect the broader societies from which they are drawn. In Scotland, where students from wealthy backgrounds are four times more likely than students from lower income backgrounds to go to university, reducing the higher education access gap has become a key government policy priority. This study investigates synergies and tensions in contemporary Scottish policies aimed at widening access to higher education. The data for analysis consisted of 35 key Scottish policy documents on widening access to university published from 2011 to 2016. Drawing on the work of key social justice theorists (Rawls, Young and Sen) as our analytic framework, we identified important synergies which include policy interventions targeting the multiple causes of the access gap. We also identified tensions in the form of widening access policy ambitions being tempered by meritocratic admissions processes that do not favour the most disadvantaged, as well as financial support systems that may lead to higher debt burden for students from low income households. We make recommendations for financial support and high-quality guidance for students from low income families and call for regulations requiring universities to demonstrate the impact of their access policies and strategies. Attending to these synergies and tensions will contribute to increased equity and access to university for students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds.
Surgical aortic valve replacement and patient–prosthesis mismatch: a meta-analysis of 108 182 patients
Authors: Sá Michel Pompeu Barros de Oliveira , de Carvalho Martinha Millianny Barros , Sobral Filho Dário Celestino , Cavalcanti Luiz Rafael Pereira , Rayol Sérgio da Costa , Diniz Roberto Gouvea Silva , Menezes Alexandre Motta , Clavel Marie-Annick , Pibarot Philippe , Lima Ricardo Carvalho 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study sought to evaluate the impact of patient–prosthesis mismatch (PPM) on the risk of perioperative, early-, mid- and long-term mortality rates after surgical aortic valve replacement.

METHODS
Databases were searched for studies published until March 2018. The main outcomes of interest were perioperative mortality, 1-year mortality, 5-year mortality and 10-year mortality.

RESULTS
The search yielded 3761 studies for inclusion. Of these, 70 articles were analysed, and their data were extracted. The total number of patients included was 108 182 who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. The incidence of PPM after surgical aortic valve replacement was 53.7% (58 116 with PPM and 50 066 without PPM). Perioperative mortality [odds ratio (OR) 1.491, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.302–1.707; P < 0.001], 1-year mortality (OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.277–1.681; P < 0.001), 5-year mortality (OR 1.358, 95% CI 1.218–1.515; P < 0.001) and 10-year mortality (OR 1.534, 95% CI 1.290–1.825; P < 0.001) were increased in patients with PPM. Both severe PPM and moderate PPM were associated with increased risk of perioperative mortality, 1-year mortality, 5-year mortality and 10-year mortality when analysed together and separately, although we observed a higher risk in the group with severe PPM.

CONCLUSIONS
Moderate/severe PPM increases perioperative, early-, mid- and long-term mortality rates proportionally to its severity. The findings of this study support the implementation of surgical strategies to prevent PPM in order to decrease mortality rates.
Microbiome and disease in the upper airway
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Kim Christine M. , Ramakrishnan Vijay 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Microbiome refers to the genetic potential of resident microorganisms that inhabit a given niche. The exact role of the microbiome and its relation to chronic disease processes remains largely unknown, although various associations have been observed. We reviewed current literature investigating the microbiome of the upper airway by subsite (nasal cavity, sinus cavities, nasopharynx, and larynx) and its relation to chronic inflammatory disease processes.

Recent findings
The disruption of indigenous microbiota at a specific subsite may lead to pathogen overgrowth and increased susceptibility to infection. This has previously been demonstrated in the gastrointestinal tract and lower airways. The role of the microbiome and its relation to pathogenesis of disease in the upper airway, however, is less clearly understood. The present review discusses the recent studies that appear to link dysbiosis to upper airway chronic inflammatory diseases.

Summary
Despite mounting research, the role of microbiota in the upper airway remains poorly understood. Based on review of the current literature comparing healthy versus diseased patients with site-specific inflammatory conditions, a complex consortium of microbial communities inhabits the upper airway. Fluctuations in the baseline microbiome may contribute to disease pathogenesis, and improved understanding of the dynamics between shifting microbiota may be critical to guiding future medical therapy.
Measuring Value in the Provision of Lower-Limb Prostheses
Authors: Stevens Phillip M. , Highsmith M. Jason , Sutton Bryce 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
As modern health care systems transition from fee-for-service to fee-for-value structures, it is increasingly relevant for the field of prosthetic rehabilitation to understand modern economic science. Health care economics can be approached through a range of analyses in which the costs of health care services are compared against subsequent cost savings, consequences observed with the intervention, the effectiveness of the intervention with regard to a range of outcomes valued by the patient, payer, and provider, or widely used global utility measures. Although examples of economic science are limited in current prosthetic literature, available examples are cited to describe various approaches to economic analysis. An understanding of economic science clarifies the need for the continued identification, creation, and adoption of outcome measures sensitive enough to discriminate between prosthetic interventions and valued collectively by patients, payers, and providers. Future clinical trials should collect and report upon the associated costs as well as meaningful outcome measures to expand the current body of economic evidence in the prosthetic literature.