bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical distribution of Orientia tsutsugamushi strains in chiggers from three provinces in Korea
Authors: Choi Yeon‐Joo , Lee In‐Yong , Song Hyeon‐Je , Kim Jeoungyeon , Park Hye‐Jin , Song Dayoung , Jang Won‐Jong 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTChiggers were collected from the central and southern parts of South Korea between April and November, 2009 with the aim of investigating the seasonal and geographical distribution of Or. A total of 1136 chiggers were identified. They included eight species belonging to four genera, as follows: Leptotrombidium scutellare (27.2%, n = 309), L. pallidum (54.6%, n = 621), L. orientale (6.25%, n = 71), L. palpale (1.59%, n = 18), L. zetum (2.0%, n = 23), Euschoengastia koreaensis (1.5%, n = 17), Cheladonta ikaoensis (0.08%, n = 1) and Neotrombicula japonica (1.05%, n = 12). The density of L. pallidum was high from April to May, whereas L. scutallare was not found in spring, being observed from October. Serotype‐specific nested PCR targeting the 56 kDa protein gene and sequencing analysis identified that the strains of 1136 O. tsutsugamushi in the chiggers as Boryong (6.8%), Kanda (0.4%), Oishi (0.3%), Jecheon (0.1%), Youngworl (0.1%) and Wonju (0.1%). Our findings indicate that L. pallidum and L. scutellare are dominant species in Korea and have geographical and seasonal variations.
Genome variations between rhizosphere and bulk soil ecotypes of a Pseudomonas koreensis population
Authors: Lopes Lucas Dantas , Pereira e Silva Michele de C. , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Davis Edward W. , Yan Qing , Varize Camila de S. , Wu Chih‐Feng , Chang Jeff H. , Loper Joyce E. , Andreote Fernando D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBulk soil and rhizosphere are soil compartments selecting different microbial communities. However, it is unknown whether this selection also can change the genome content of specific bacterial taxa, splitting a population in distinct ecotypes. To answer this question we compared the genome sequences of 53 isolates obtained from sugarcane rhizosphere (28) and bulk soil (25). These isolates were previously classified in the Pseudomonas koreensis subgroup of the P. fluorescens complex. Phylogenomics showed a trend of separation between bulk soil and rhizosphere isolates. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) identified differences in the accessory genome of rhizosphere and bulk soil sub‐populations. We found significant changes in gene frequencies distinguishing rhizosphere from bulk soil ecotypes, for example, enrichment of phosphatases and xylose utilization (xut) genes, respectively. Phenotypic assays and deletion of xutA gene indicated that accumulation of xut genes in the bulk soil sub‐population provided a higher growth capacity in a d‐xylose medium, supporting the corresponding genomic differences. Despite the clear differences distinguishing the two ecotypes, all 53 isolates were classified in a single 16S rRNA gene OTU. Collectively, our results revealed that the gene pool and ecological behavior of a bacterial population can be different for ecotypes living in neighbouring soil habitats.
Applying a Gendered Lens to the Stay and Defend or Leave Early Approach to Bushfire Safety
Authors: Reynolds Benjamin , Tyler Meagan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an historical and cultural context, from a feminist perspective, of the Prepare, Stay and Defend or Leave Early (PSDLE) bushfire safety policy, colloquially known as ‘Stay or Go’, in Australia. We examine the historical, cultural, and political factors that have devalued and marginalised women's experience and knowledge of bushfire preparedness and response. The central tenet of Stay or Go is that able bodied, prepared people should remain with their houses during a fire threat, best embodied by the common maxim ‘people save houses and houses save people’. This approach has been routinely presented as evidence‐based policy but the argument presented here challenges the evidence base for the policy by applying a feminist analysis, through the application of a ‘gendered lens’. This shows that an assumed masculine norm, at a number of different levels, has had a profound effect on the dominant readings of the available evidence about bushfire safety which has skewed bushfire safety policy and compromised the possibility of effective alternative responses. The PSDLE/Stay or Go policy is a prime example of the importance of applying critical feminist analyses to unsettle existing assumptions of policy development and implementation.
Supplemental prophylactic intervention for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis (SPICE) trial: Protocol for a multicentre double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomised trial
Authors: Marx Wolfgang , McCarthy Alexandra , Marshall Skye , Crichton Megan , Molassiotis Alex , Ried Karin , Bird Robert , Lohning Anna , Isenring Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

AimThere is significant recent interest in the role of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) as an adjuvant therapy for chemotherapy‐induced nausea. The supplemental prophylactic intervention for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and emesis (SPICE) trial aims to assess the efficacy by reduced incidence and severity of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting, and enhanced quality of life, safety and cost effectiveness of a standardised adjuvant ginger root supplement in adults undergoing single‐day moderate‐to‐highly emetogenic chemotherapy.MethodsMultisite, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomised trial with two parallel arms and 1:1 allocation. The target sample size is n = 300. The intervention comprises four capsules of ginger root (totalling 60 mg of active gingerols/day), commencing the day of chemotherapy and continuing for five days during chemotherapy cycles 1 to 3. The primary outcome is chemotherapy‐induced nausea‐related quality of life. Secondary outcomes include nutrition status; anticipatory, acute and delayed nausea and vomiting; fatigue; depression and anxiety; global quality of life; health service use and costs; adverse events; and adherence.ResultsDuring the five‐month recruitment period from October 2017 to April 2018 at site A only, a total of n = 33 participants (n = 18 female) have been enrolled in the SPICE trial. Recruitment is expected to commence at Site B in May 2018.ConclusionsThe trial is designed to meet research gaps and could provide evidence to recommend specific dosing regimens as an adjuvant for chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting prevention and management.
Enzymatically Hydrolyzed Wheat Gluten as a Foaming Agent in Food: Incorporation in a Meringue Recipe as a Proof‐of‐Concept
Authors: Wouters Arno G.B. , Rombouts Ine , Fierens Ellen , Brijs Kristof , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is a growing interest in substituting animal proteins with plant protein sources in food systems. A notable example is the replacement of hen egg white (EW) protein, which is used in a wide range of food products because of its excellent foaming characteristics. Here, enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten, which has greater solubility and better foaming properties than wheat gluten itself, was prepared and incorporated in a classical meringue recipe to investigate its potential as a foaming agent. Meringues based on gluten hydrolysates (GHs) had batters with lower density and greater apparent viscosity than those based solely on EW protein. Furthermore, after baking, these GH containing meringues had greater specific volume than those based on EW protein alone and no notable differences in color or texture between the different samples were noted. These outcomes were related to basic insights in the air–water interfacial behavior of GHs obtained in earlier studies. More specifically, the greater foaming capacity of GH than of EW protein solutions was related to their superior meringue batter (density and apparent viscosity) and product (specific volume) properties. While EW protein solutions had better foam stability than GH solutions (in the absence of sugar), this was apparently less relevant for meringue properties, probably due to the very high viscosity of the sugar rich batter, which could obscure differences in the intrinsic foam stabilizing ability of the samples.Practical ApplicationReplacing animal proteins with plant protein sources in the food industry is desirable from an economic and environmental perspective. Enzymatic hydrolysis serves as a tool to improve the foaming properties of water‐insoluble wheat gluten proteins. We conclude that wheat gluten hydrolysates can be a valid functional alternative for egg white proteins in meringues, and possibly other food systems.
Vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer therapy for coronary artery disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Rong , Xin Qiqi , Shi Weili , Liu Wei , Lee Simon‐M. , Hoi Puiman , Li Lin , Zhao Jun , Cong Weihong , Chen Keji 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAimIt is not clear whether treatment by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transfer can improve myocardial ischemia through a proangiogenesis mechanism and is effective against coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared VEGF gene therapy and standard treatments in CAD.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and relevant references for RCTs (published up to May 2018; no language restrictions) and performed meta‐analysis using both fixed and random effects models. Our primary outcome measures were mortality and serious cardiac events. The secondary outcome measures were follow‐up left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), change in LVEF (ΔLVEF), and angina outcomes. The registration number is CRD42017058430.ResultsOf 524 identified studies, 14 were eligible and were included in our analysis. At a mean follow‐up of 6 months, VEGF gene therapy demonstrated a decreased risk of serious cardiac events (11.7% vs 21.2%, relative risk: 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37, 0.84; P = 0.005) and a slight improvement in follow‐up LVEF (weighted mean difference: 1.95; 95%CI: 1.28, 2.62). Furthermore, VEGF gene therapy using adenoviral vectors showed more potential benefit in terms of the risk of serious cardiac events, ΔLVEF, and Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina class. Nevertheless, mortality and angina frequency scores were not different.ConclusionsVascular endothelial growth factor gene therapy appears to be safe and effective regarding serious cardiac events, with greater benefit when using adenoviral vectors. This meta‐analysis highlights the need for further exploration in these areas.
Harm from Known Others' Drinking by Relationship Proximity to the Harmful Drinker and Gender: A Meta‐Analysis Across 10 Countries
Authors: Stanesby Oliver , Callinan Sarah , Graham Kathryn , Wilson Ingrid M. , Greenfield Thomas K. , Wilsnack Sharon C. , Hettige Siri , Hanh Hoang Thi My , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Waleewong Orratai , Laslett Anne‐Marie 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundDrinking is a common activity with friends or at home but is associated with harms within both close and extended relationships. This study investigates associations between having a close proximity relationship with a harmful drinker and likelihood of experiencing harms from known others' drinking for men and women in 10 countries.MethodsData about alcohol's harms to others from national/regional surveys from 10 countries were used. Gender‐stratified random‐effects meta‐analysis compared the likelihood of experiencing each, and at least 1, of 7 types of alcohol‐related harm in the last 12 months, between those who identified someone in close proximity to them (a partner, family member, or household member) and those who identified someone from an extended relationship as the most harmful drinker (MHD) in their life in the last 12 months.ResultsWomen were most likely to report a close male MHD, while men were most likely to report an extended male MHD. Relatedly, women with a close MHD were more likely than women with an extended MHD to report each type of harm, and 1 or more harms, from others' drinking. For men, having a close MHD was associated with increased odds of reporting some but not all types of harm from others' drinking and was not associated with increased odds of experiencing 1 or more harms.ConclusionsThe experience of harm attributable to the drinking of others differs by gender. For preventing harm to women, the primary focus should be on heavy or harmful drinkers in close proximity relationships; for preventing harm to men, a broader approach is needed. This and further work investigating the dynamics among gender, victim–perpetrator relationships, alcohol, and harm to others will help to develop interventions to reduce alcohol‐related harm to others which are specific to the contexts within which harms occur.
Does the level of forage neutral detergent fiber affect the ruminal fermentation, digestibility and feeding behavior of goats fed cactus pear?
Authors: Pinho Ricardo Martins Araujo , Santos Edson Mauro , de Oliveira Juliana Silva , de Carvalho Gleidson Giordano Pinto , da Silva Thiago Carvalho , Macêdo Alberto Jefferson da Silva , Corrêa Yohana Rosaly , Zanine Anderson de Moura 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of forage neutral detergent fiber (fNDF) levels on the voluntary feed intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and feeding behavior of goats fed diets with cactus pear. Five non‐lactating ruminally cannulated goats fed ad libitum were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Treatments consisted of levels of fNDF at 0, 109, 222, 339 and 463 g/kg of dry matter (DM) in cactus pear‐based diets. The intakes of DM and NDF were quadratically affected (p ≦ .045) by fNDF levels. Voluntary water intake (VWI) increased linearly as the fNDF levels increased in the diet. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, NDF and ether extract and total digestible nutrients concentration were quadratically affected (p ≦ .048) by fNDF levels. The ruminal pH linearly increased (p = .001) with fNDF levels, ranging from 5.44 to 5.81 for diets containing 0 and 463 g fNDF/kg DM, respectively. The fNDF levels promoted a linear increase (p = .006) in chewing time, linearly decreased (p = .007) resting time and quadratically affected (p = .033) rumination time. The inclusion of fNDF in the diets provided favorable conditions for ruminal function, digestibility and feeding behavior in goats fed diets containing cactus pear.
Immune synergistic oligodeoxynucleotide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG enhances the immune response upon co‐stimulation by bacterial and fungal cell wall components
Authors: Nigar Shireen , Yamamoto Yoshinari , Okajima Takuma , Sato Takashi , Ogita Tasuku , Shimosato Takeshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBacterial genomic DNA has recently been shown to elicit a highly evolved immune defense. This response can be selectively triggered for a wide range of therapeutic applications, including use as a vaccine adjuvant to immunotherapies for allergy, cancer, and infectious diseases. Previously, we identified a low‐concentration immune synergistic oligodeoxynucleotide (iSN‐ODN, named iSN34) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG that has immunosynergistic activity upon costimulation of target cells with ligands of Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9). Here, we extend that observation by demonstrating the synergistic induction (in mouse splenocytes) of IL‐6 by the combination of iSN34 with cell wall components of bacteria and fungi. We observed that splenocytes pretreated with iSN34 and then costimulated with agonists for TLR1/2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide), or TLR2/6 (Zymosan) exhibited enhanced accumulation of IL‐6. These results suggested that the combination of iSN34 with TLR1/2, TLR4, or TLR2/6 agonists may permit the induction of a potent immune response.
Effect of niacin supplementation in long‐distance transported steer calves
Authors: Takemoto Satoshi , Funaba Masayuki , Matsui Tohru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong‐distance transportation has negative impacts on production and health in cattle. Feed and water are routinely deprived from cattle during transportation. We investigated whether niacin supplementation could improve niacin nutrition and mitigate the adverse effect of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves. We also studied the adverse effect of feed and water deprivation in nontransported steer calves. Twelve calves were assigned to feed and water deprivation for 2 days, or full access to feed and water in experiment 1. Ten calves were assigned to 2‐day transportation with feed and water deprivation, or the transportation with feed and water deprivation, but with supplementation of rumen‐protected niacin at 100 g/day per head in experiment 2. Bodyweight was measured and blood was collected for 32 days in each experiment. Feed and water deprivation temporarily decreased serum glucose concentrations and bodyweight gain. Transportation with deprivation of feed and water caused a temporal decrease in bodyweight gain and serum albumin concentration, and a continuous decrease in serum glucose and total cholesterol concentrations, which was suppressed by niacin supplementation. Niacin supplementation increased blood niacin concentration. These results suggest that niacin supplementation mitigates adverse effects of transportation with feed and water deprivation in steer calves.
The ethics of ordinary and exact justification in blood donation deferral categories for men who have sex with men
Authors: Blankschaen Kurt M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn 2015, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed their indefinite deferral policy towards donors who were men who had sex with men (MSM). I develop an empirical case for the current, revised MSM deferral policy and show that rights‐based objections fail. This empirical case, however, misleadingly accounts for an elevated risk for MSM donors because it lumps two distinct kinds of MSM donors into the same category. Building on some recent work that has been published since the revision, I introduce and defend a distinction between MSM donors who have what I call ‘exact justification’ and those who have what I call ‘ordinary justification’. MSM donors with exact justification present no risk with respect to the deferral and should be allowed to donate. I conclude by addressing a practical issue about how primary partner testimony is not enough to create exact justification, but it is enough to sustain it.
Community engagement in global health research that advances health equity
Authors: Pratt Bridget , de Vries Jantina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCommunity engagement is gaining prominence in global health research. So far, a philosophical rationale for why researchers should perform community engagement during such research has not been provided by ethics scholars. Its absence means that conducting community engagement is still often viewed as no more than a ‘good idea’ or ‘good practice’ rather than ethically required. In this article, we argue that shared health governance can establish grounds for requiring the engagement of low‐ and middle‐income country (LMIC) community members in global health research, where such research aims to help reduce health disparities. This philosophical basis has important implications for the ethical goals ascribed to engagement and the approach adopted to undertake it. We suggest the ethical goals of engagement in equity‐oriented global health research should include: (a) generating research topics and questions that reflect the key problems disadvantaged groups face in accessing healthcare, services and broader social determinants of health and (b) promoting the translation of research findings into policy and practice in ways that benefit the health of disadvantaged groups. We propose engagement practice should have the following features: deliberation with LMIC community members to make a range of project decisions, beginning with setting research topics and questions; inclusion of members of disadvantaged groups and those with the power to change policy and practice to benefit them; and purposeful structuring of deliberations to minimize the impact of power disparities between LMIC community members. Finally, we reflect on how these features differ from those typical of much current community engagement practice in LMICs.
A conception of genetic parenthood
Authors: Douglas Thomas , Devolder Katrien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe seek to develop a plausible conception of genetic parenthood, taking a recent discussion by Heidi Mertes as our point of departure. Mertes considers two conceptions of genetic parenthood—one invoking genetic resemblance and the other genetic inheritance—and presents counter‐examples to both conceptions. We revise Mertes’ second conception so as to avoid these and related counter‐examples.
On the assessment of procedural knowledge: From problem spaces to knowledge spaces
Authors: Stefanutti Luca 
Published: July 2018

By generalizing and completing the work initiated by Stefanutti and Albert (2003, Journal of Universal Computer Science, 9, 1455), this article provides the mathematical foundations of a theoretical approach whose primary goal is to construct a bridge between problem solving, as initially conceived by Newell and Simon (1972, Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall.), and knowledge assessment (Doignon and Falmagne, 1985, International Journal of Man‐Machine Studies, 23, 175; Doignon and Falmagne, 1999, Knowledge spaces. Berlin, Germany: Springer‐Verlag.; Falmagne et al., 2013, Knowledge spaces: Applications in education. New York, NY: Springer‐Verlag; Falmagne and Doignon, 2011, Learning spaces: Interdisciplinary applied mathematics. Berlin, Germany: Springer‐Verlag.). It is shown that the collection of all possible knowledge states for a given problem space is a learning space. An algorithm for deriving a learning space from a problem space is illustrated. As an example, the algorithm is used to derive the learning space of a neuropsychological test whose problem space is well known: the Tower of London (TOL; Shallice, 1982, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 298, 199). The derived learning space could then be used for adaptively assessing individual planning skills with the TOL.