bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Coating Incorporated with Black Pepper Essential Oil on the Taste Quality of Jinhua Ham After Storage for Four Months
Authors: Bi Yao , Wang Ying , Zhou Guanghong , Pan Daodong , Liu Junhua , Zhang Yuyu , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, 1H NMR and multivariate data analysis were used to investigate the effect of coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil (CIBPEO) on the taste of Jinhua ham after 4 months of storage; four treatments of control check (CK), base formula coating (BC), BC + 0.05% BPEO, and BC + 0.1% BPEO were used for the coating of hams. Results showed that the metabonome was dominated by 23 metabolites, including amino acids, sugar, organic acids, alkaloids, nucleic aides and their derivatives, and others. BPEO decreased the intensity of sourness, sweetness, bitterness, aftertaste, and the relative nonvolatile taste metabolites compared to CK and BC; the decrease of intensity was not dependent on the BPEO contents. These findings demonstrated that CIBPEO could give a new taste balance to Jinhua ham and be beneficial to a group of people with a particular sensory preference, who are sensitive to undesirable sourness and bitterness, and prefer a light overall taste.Practical ApplicationThe coating incorporated with black pepper essential oil during storage could give a new taste balance to Jinhua ham and be beneficial to a group of people with a particular sensory preference, who are sensitive to undesirable sourness and bitterness, and prefer a light overall taste.
Adoption of hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer in private practice: the GenesisCare experience 2014–2106
Authors: Neville Katherine , Dreosti Marcus , Blakey David , Latham Margaret , Izard Michael A , Young Susan , Graham Georgia , O’Brien Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionCancer Australia guidelines recommend that hypofractionation should be considered for women over the age of 50 years with early breast cancer. GenesisCare is the largest provider of radiation therapy services in Australia. This study aimed to investigate variation in hypofractionation across 4 states encompassing the period when the most recent guidelines had been released.MethodsPatients with T1 N0 and T2 N0 breast cancer who received radiation therapy as adjuvant therapy after breast conservation surgery between 2014 and 2016 were reviewed. Patient, treatment and disease‐related variables were included in the univariate and multivariate models together with other potential explanatory variables such as the state, in which the patient was treated, radiation oncologist and distance from the treatment centre.ResultsOf 3374 patients included, 44% received a hypofractionated schedule. There was an increase in the use of hypofractionation from 32% in 2014 to 56% in 2016. Older patients were more likely to receive a hypofractionated treatment schedule – 75% for patients 80 years and over. Multivariate modelling revealed older age, year of treatment, higher T stage and grade, chemotherapy and the individual radiation oncologist (and state) as independent predictors of the use of hypofractionation. There was no difference in hypofractionation based on laterality.ConclusionsGuidelines from Cancer Australia may impact clinician behaviour. The influence of the individual radiation oncologist remains paramount, and their practice is affected by their immediate colleagues. Subsequent analysis of hypofractionation rates after presentation of these data has resulted in a significant increase in its use.
Optical coherence tomography analysis of inner and outer retinal layers in eyes with chiasmal compression caused by suprasellar tumours
Authors: Lee Ga‐In , Park Kyung‐Ah , Son Giyoung , Kong Doo‐Sik , Oh Sei Yeul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare postoperative macular thickness measurements of inner and outer retinal layers in eyes of patients with chiasmal compression with or without visual field (VF) recovery and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsMacular spectral‐domain OCT has been used for the auto‐segmentation of images obtained from 100 eyes affected with chiasmal compression compared with 100 healthy controls enrolled in this study. We have divided eyes with chiasmal compression into two groups: group 1 characterized by VF recovery after tumour excision and group 2 showing partial or no recovery of VF. The thickness of the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), photoreceptor layer (PRL), inner retinal layer (IRL) and outer retinal layer (ORL) was segmented. The correlation between macular RNFL (mRNFL) and functional parameters has been analysed.ResultsBoth groups 1 and 2 showed significant thinning of RNFL, GCL, IPL and IRL in all quadrants. However, no significant changes have been detected in PRL and ORL of patients in either group compared with healthy controls. A significant thickening was detected in INL and ONL of group 2 compared with healthy controls and group 1. Postoperative mRNFL thickness is significantly correlated with VF defects and visual acuity except temporal quadrant.ConclusionsEyes with chiasmal compression showed thinning of the inner retinal layers with thickening of the INL and ONL in patients with partial to no recovery of VF. The changes in retinal microstructures are well‐correlated with functional recovery. Further studies are needed to reveal the clinical implications of these findings in patients with chiasmal compression.
Epigenetic programming—The important first 1000 days
Authors: Linnér Agnes , Almgren Malin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe perinatal period is a time of fast physiological change, including epigenetic programming. Adverse events may lead to epigenetic changes, with implications for health and disease. Our review covers the basics of clinical epigenetics and explores the latest research, including the role of epigenetic processes in complex disease phenotypes, such as neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and immunological disorders. Some studies suggest that epigenetic alterations are linked to early life environmental stressors, including mode of delivery, famine, psychosocial stress, severe institutional deprivation and childhood abuse.ConclusionEpigenetic modifications due to perinatal environmental exposures can lead to lifelong, but potentially reversible, phenotypic alterations and disease.
Stabilisation and detoxification of henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) extract for hair dye cosmetics by spray‐drying encapsulation
Authors: Tang Ying , He Wendan , Yang Shuyan , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHenna (Lawsonia inermis L.) leaves have been widely used as a natural plant colorant for hair dyeing and body art. However, the utilisation of henna dye extract in commercial colour cosmetics is compromised by its potential harmful effects to humans. This study demonstrates that spray‐drying encapsulation using maltodextrin and gum arabic as biocompatible polymeric carriers can be used as a promising strategy to detoxify henna dye extract while maintaining its hair dyeing efficiency for cosmetics. Henna extract‐loaded microcapsules with an average particle size of 4.1 μm were prepared with an excellent encapsulation efficiency (98.4%) and a negative zeta potential (−34.4 mV). The morphology and physicochemical properties of the microcapsules were characterised by comparison with a spray‐dried sample of neat henna extract. The in vitro toxicological results showed that the microencapsulation process significantly reduced the contact toxicity of henna extract towards human epidermal keratinocytes as well as to the eyes and skin. The encapsulated henna extract also exhibited improved storage stability at three different temperatures (4, 25 and 50°C) for 14 days. Furthermore, the microcapsules demonstrated satisfactory hair dyeing efficiency as natural colorants with good colour fastness towards light and washing.
The use of BIOCHIP mosaics in diagnostics of bullous pemphigoid: Evaluation and comparison to conventional multistep procedures
Authors: Adaszewska Alicja , Kalińska‐Bienias Agnieszka , Jagielski Paweł , Woźniak Katarzyna , Kowalewski Cezary 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease associated with autoantibodies against BP180 and/or BP230 antigens. The immunoassays available for serological diagnostics include indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on monkey esophagus (ME), salt‐split skin (SSS), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for BP180‐NC16a and BP230. Only a few studies validated innovative BIOCHIP mosaic, but none compared agreement between BIOCHIP substrates with conventional methods separately.MethodsWe evaluated the agreement between BIOCHIP and conventional methods and assessed sensitivity and specificity in BP diagnosis. The study comprised 51 BP patients and 39 controls.ResultsAnalysis showed very good agreement between BIOCHIP‐SSS vs classic IIF‐SSS (0.933, P < 0.001) and for BIOCHIP‐BP180‐NC16a vs ELISA‐BP180‐NC16a (0.933, P < 0.001). A good strength of agreement between BIOCHIP‐ME vs classic IIF‐ME was observed (0.694, P < 0.001) similar to BIOCHIP‐BP230 vs ELISA‐BP230 (0.793, P < 0.001). BIOCHIP‐ME sensitivity was 51.0%, whereas IIF‐ME was 76.5%. Epidermal reaction on BIOCHIP‐SSS was found in 94.1% of BP patients and in all patients on IIF‐SSS (sensitivity 100%). BIOCHIP‐BP180‐NC16a sensitivity was lower than in ELISA‐BP180‐NC16a (76.5% vs 82.4%). BP230 sensitivity of both methods was similar (45.1% vs 43.1%). The specificity for all antigens was 100%.ConclusionBIOCHIP mosaic is a useful method presenting satisfactory agreement with conventional immunoassays.
Optimal fasting glucose levels with regard to cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in people treated with or without antidiabetic medication
Authors: Jung Hae Hyuk , Lee Sunhwa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate the optimal fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels among individuals actively treated or untreated with antidiabetic drugs.MethodsIn two population‐based cohorts of Korean adults extracted from the National Health Information Database, multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios of outcomes over 10 and 8 years of follow‐up were estimated according to achieved FBG levels and antidiabetic drug use. The primary outcomes were major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all‐cause mortality.ResultsIn total, 66 533 of 450 537 and 100 556 of 767 382 participants in the respective cohorts received antidiabetic treatment. For untreated FBG, the CVD risk and mortality increased linearly from an FBG threshold of 5.6 mmol/L; however, for FBG treated with antidiabetic drugs there were J‐shaped associations with the outcome risks. For treated FBG levels of 4.4 to 5.5 mmol/L, 7.8 to 8.8 mmol/L, 8.9 to 9.9 mmol/L and ≥ 10.0 mmol/L, vs 6.1 to 6.9 mmol/L, the hazard ratios for major CVD events were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐1.32), 1.06 (95% CI 0.96‐1.18), 1.37 (95% CI 1.22‐1.53) and 1.61 (95% CI 1.46‐1.78), respectively, and those for all‐cause mortality were 1.20 (95% CI 1.11‐1.29), 1.05 (95% CI 0.99‐1.12), 1.29 (95% CI 1.10‐1.50) and 1.69 (95% CI 1.59‐1.81), respectively.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that pharmacological therapy achieving FBG levels of <7.8 to 8.9 mmol/L and a non‐pharmacological approach to maintaining normal glucose levels help reduce the risk of adverse outcomes, while lowering FBG to normal levels through antidiabetic drugs is not beneficial or may even be harmful.
Functional implications of Cav2.3 R‐type voltage‐gated calcium channels in the murine auditory system – novel vistas from brainstem‐evoked response audiometry
Authors: Lundt Andreas , Soós Julien , Seidel Robin , Henseler Christina , Müller Ralf , Raj Ginde Varun , Imran Arshaad Muhammad , Ehninger Dan , Hescheler Jürgen , Sachinidis Agapios , Broich Karl , Wormuth Carola , Papazoglou Anna , Weiergräber Marco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVoltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) are considered to play a key role in auditory perception and information processing within the murine inner ear and brainstem. In the past, Cav1.3 L‐type VGCCs gathered most attention as their ablation causes congenital deafness. However, isolated patch‐clamp investigation and localization studies repetitively suggested that Cav2.3 R‐type VGCCs are also expressed in the cochlea and further components of the ascending auditory tract, pointing to a potential functional role of Cav2.3 in hearing physiology. Thus, we performed auditory profiling of Cav2.3+/+ controls, heterozygous Cav2.3+/− mice and Cav2.3 null mutants (Cav2.3−/−) using brainstem‐evoked response audiometry. Interestingly, click‐evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) revealed increased hearing thresholds in Cav2.3+/− mice from both genders, whereas no alterations were observed in Cav2.3−/− mice. Similar observations were made for tone burst‐related ABRs in both genders. However, Cav2.3 ablation seemed to prevent mutant mice from total hearing loss particularly in the higher frequency range (36–42 kHz). Amplitude growth function analysis revealed, i.a., significant reduction in ABR wave WI and WIII amplitude in mutant animals. In addition, alterations in WI‐WIV interwave interval were observed in female Cav2.3+/− mice whereas absolute latencies remained unchanged. In summary, our results demonstrate that Cav2.3 VGCCs are mandatory for physiological auditory information processing in the ascending auditory tract.
Bathymetric and geological maps from the British Antarctic Survey
Authors: Nowell David 
Published: October 2019

Since my 2012 feature about British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geological maps, the survey has continued to produce a series of ad hoc maps highlighting the results of their ongoing research, often in collaboration with their international colleagues. Not only has BAS added to their geological mapping series with James Ross Island off the Antarctic Peninsula, they have also produced a map of the bedrock topography of the entire continent, together with two bathymetric and geological settings sheets of the seas to the north of Antarctica. The first oceanographic map focuses on the South Sandwich Islands, some of the most remote United Kingdom overseas territories, roughly 700 km south‐east of South Georgia. Finally, the Drake Passage sheet shows the sea bed morphology from the Falklands and Tierra del Fuego to the South Shetland Islands just off the Antarctic Peninsula, spanning 70–50°W in longitude and 52–63°S in latitude. Below 60° south, all international territorial claims have been frozen by the Antarctic Treaty, which has demilitarized the entire continent since 1961 and ensured it remains untainted by mineral exploration and which has now expanded to a membership of over 50 nations.
Risk factors during pregnancy and birth‐related complications in HIV‐positive versus HIV‐negative women in Denmark, 2002–2014
Authors: Ørbæk M , Thorsteinsson K , Moseholm Larsen E , Katzenstein TL , Storgaard M , Johansen IS , Pedersen G , Bach D , Helleberg M , Weis N , Lebech A‐M 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to compare risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in women living with HIV (WLWH) with those in women of the general population (WGP) in Denmark. Further, we estimated risk of pregnancy‐ or birth‐related complications.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including all WLWH who delivered a live‐born child from 2002 to 2014 and WGP, matched by origin, age, year and parity, was carried out. We compared risk factors during pregnancy and estimated risk of pregnancy‐ and birth‐related complications using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 2334 pregnancies in 304 WLWH and 1945 WGP were included in the study. WLWH had more risk factors present than WGP during pregnancy: previous caesarean section (CS) (24.7% versus 16.3%, respectively; P = 0.0001), smoking (14.2% versus 7.5%, respectively; P = 0.0001) and previous perinatal/neonatal death (2.3% versus 0.9%, respectively; P = 0.03). We found no difference between groups regarding gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, low birth weights or premature delivery. More children of WLWH had intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–3.2; P = 0.02]. Median gestational age and birth weight were lower in children born to WLWH. WLWH had a higher risk of emergency CS (EmCS) (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1; P = 0.0005) and postpartum haemorrhage (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0–1.9; P = 0.02) but not infection, amniotomy, failure to progress, low activity‐pulse‐grimace‐appearance‐respiration (APGAR) score or signs of asphyxia.ConclusionsWLWH had more risk factors present during pregnancy, similar risks of most pregnancy‐ and birth‐related complications but a higher risk of postpartum haemorrhage and EmCS compared with WGP. Children born to WLWH had lower median birth weights and gestational ages and were at higher risk of IUGR.
Beneficial effects of the novel marine oxygen carrier M101 during cold preservation of rat and human pancreas
Authors: Lemaire Florent , Sigrist Séverine , Delpy Eric , Cherfan Julien , Peronet Claude , Zal Franck , Bouzakri Karim , Pinget Michel , Maillard Elisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIschaemia impairs organ quality during preservation in a time‐dependent manner, due to a lack of oxygen supply. Its impact on pancreas and islet transplantation outcome has been demonstrated by a correlation between cold ischaemia time and poor islet isolation efficiency. Our goal in the present study was to improve pancreas and islet quality using a novel natural oxygen carrier (M101, 2 g/L), which has been proven safe and efficient in other clinical applications, including kidney transplantation, and for several pre‐clinical transplantation models. When M101 was added to the preservation solution of rat pancreas during ischaemia, a decrease in oxidative stress (ROS), necrosis (HMGB1), and cellular stress pathway (p38 MAPK)activity was observed. Freshly isolated islets had improved function when M101 was injected in the pancreas. Additionally, human pancreases exposed to M101 for 3 hours had an increase in complex 1 mitochondrial activity, as well as activation of AKT activity, a cell survival marker. Insulin secretion was also up‐regulated for isolated islets. In summary, these results demonstrate a positive effect of the oxygen carrier M101 on rat and human pancreas during preservation, with an overall improvement in post‐isolation islet quality.
Role of the bolus degree of structure on the protein digestibility during in vitro digestion of a pea protein‐fortified sponge cake chewed by elderly
Authors: Assad‐Bustillos Melissa , Palier Juliette , Rabesona Hanitra , Choiset Yvan , Della Valle Guy , Feron Gilles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the digestibility of proteins in a pea protein‐fortified sponge cake, as well as the impact of the degree of structure of the bolus produced by elderly subjects on the digestibility of proteins by combining ex vivo and in vitro approaches via the standardized protocol INFOGEST. The sponge cakes were consumed by a group of 20 elderly subjects with contrasting physiology, their boli were recovered just before swallowing, and their apparent viscosity was measured to delineate the bolus degree of structure. According to this criterion, two pools were formed with boli from subjects selected at the extremes: low viscosity and high viscosity, with apparent viscosity values (at 120 s−1) of 124 ± 18 and 208 ± 19 Pa s, respectively. The sponge cakes and the two pools underwent in vitro digestion. Protein hydrolysis kinetics was followed by measuring the released primary amino groups (NH2) and by sodium‐dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at different time points. For all samples, the representative bands of pea proteins disappear gradually during digestion, accompanied by the appearance of bands indicating the presence of proteins with MW < 15 kDa. In addition, the NH2 concentrations increase over time and do not differ between sponge cake and pea protein isolate. Moreover, the degree of structure of the food bolus has no significant effect on the concentration of NH2 released. These results showed that pea proteins in a fortified sponge cake are bioaccessible under standardized conditions and that the degree of structure of the bolus did not influence protein digestibility for these foods.
The political economy of local government financialization and the role of policy diffusion
Authors: Mertens Armin , Trampusch Christine , Fastenrath Florian , Wangemann Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy analyzing why English local governments have made extensive use of long‐term market loans with embedded derivatives, this paper seeks to contribute to the growing literature on local government financialization. Using an original, large‐N panel dataset for the period from 1998 to 2014, we show that the configuration of the local political economy is an important driver of financialization processes: a Labour Party majority as well as fiscal and economic stress make it more likely that councils adopt risky financial instruments. As the use of financial innovations has also diffused geographically, policy diffusion impacts local governments as well. Highlighting the conditional effect of finance sector power, which only increases the use of financial innovations in very large councils, as well as the temporal dimension of fiscal and economic stress, we create ample avenues for further research.
Responsibilization: The case of road safety governance
Authors: Hysing Erik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGovernments are increasingly turning to new modes of governance to induce nonstate actors to voluntarily take responsibility for societal problems. Using the concept of responsibilization as a theoretical lens, this article analyzes changes in road safety governance in Sweden. How, why, and to whom has the responsibility for road safety been attributed in Swedish policymaking, and how have state authorities engaged in processes of responsibilization during its implementation? The results show a shift in attribution of responsibility from individual road users to a broad set of so‐called system designers, based on moral, causal, and preventive rationales. Responsibilization both occurswithinthe state apparatus and is imposed by state authorities on nonstate actors using soft governance measures. Responsibilization provides a fruitful theoretical lens for governance studies by identifying shifts in responsibility (including deresponsibilization), explicating normative/ethical underpinnings of new governance modes, and helping to open the “black box” of the state.
Who justifies attacks on civilians? Analysis of attitudes toward terrorism based on value surveys
Authors: Kiendrebeogo Youssouf , Ianchovichina Elena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhat are the common characteristics among individuals who justify attacks on civilians? Using nationally representative Gallup World Poll surveys of 30,787 individuals from 27 developing countries in different parts of the world, this paper identifies the partial correlates of extremism. The results suggest that the typical extremist who supports attacks on civilians is more likely to be young, unemployed, and struggling to make ends meet, relatively uneducated, and not as religious as others, but more willing to sacrifice own life for his or her beliefs. Gender and marital status are not found to explain the individual‐level variation in attitudes toward extremism. These results are robust to various sensitivity analyses, although some of them vary in magnitude and significance across countries and geographic regions.