bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking outside the box: Strategies used by low‐income single mothers to make ends meet
Authors: McKenzie Hayley , McKay Fiona H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent changes to Australia's welfare system have impacted low‐income single parents who have been moved from a family payment, Parenting Payment Single, to a lower payment directed at individuals looking for work, Newstart Allowance. Research has shown that single‐parent families are particularly vulnerable to the risk of financial deprivation and poverty, and this recent welfare payment change further compounds the often dire financial situation for these families. Twenty‐three in‐depth interviews were conducted with low‐income single mothers who had been recently moved off the Parenting Payment Single and on to Newstart Allowance. As a result of this payment change and the decreased welfare assistance, the women spoke of needing to develop new strategies to compensate for their decreased income. This article focuses on the strategies these families developed and employed, exploring the women's ability to be resourceful in times of welfare changes.
Glycolytic inhibition: A novel approach toward controlling neuronal excitability and seizures
Authors: Shao Li‐Rong , Rho Jong M. , Stafstrom Carl E. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryConventional antiseizure medications reduce neuronal excitability through effects on ion channels or synaptic function. In recent years, it has become clear that metabolic factors also play a crucial role in the modulation of neuronal excitability. Indeed, metabolic regulation of neuronal excitability is pivotal in seizure pathogenesis and control. The clinical effectiveness of a variety of metabolism‐based diets, especially for children with medication‐refractory epilepsy, underscores the applicability of metabolic approaches to the control of seizures and epilepsy. Such diets include the ketogenic diet, the modified Atkins diet, and the low‐glycemic index treatment (among others). A promising avenue to alter cellular metabolism, and hence excitability, is by partial inhibition of glycolysis, which has been shown to reduce seizure susceptibility in a variety of animal models as well as in cellular systems in vitro. One such glycolytic inhibitor, 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2DG), increases seizure threshold in vivo and reduces interictal and ictal epileptiform discharges in hippocampal slices. Here, we review the role of glucose metabolism and glycolysis on neuronal excitability, with specific reference to 2DG, and discuss the potential use of 2DG and similar agents in the clinical arena for seizure management.
SNR‐weighted regularization of ADC estimates from double‐echo in steady‐state (DESS)
Authors: Sveinsson Bragi , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Yoon Daehyun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeTo improve the homogeneity and consistency of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimates in cartilage from the double‐echo in steady‐state (DESS) sequence by applying SNR‐weighted regularization during post‐processing.MethodsAn estimation method that linearizes ADC estimates from DESS is used in conjunction with a smoothness constraint to suppress noise‐induced variation in ADC estimates. Simulations, phantom scans, and in vivo scans are used to demonstrate how the method reduces ADC variability. Conventional diffusion‐weighted echo‐planar imaging (DW EPI) maps are acquired for comparison of mean and standard deviation (SD) of the ADC estimate.ResultsSimulations and phantom scans demonstrated that the SNR‐weighted regularization can produce homogenous ADC maps at varying levels of SNR, whereas non‐regularized maps only estimate ADC accurately at high SNR levels. The in vivo maps showed that the SNR‐weighted regularization produced ADC maps with similar heterogeneity to maps produced with standard DW EPI, but without the distortion of such reference scans.ConclusionA linear approximation of a simplified model of the relationship between DESS signals allows for fast SNR‐weighted regularization of ADC maps that reduces estimation error in relatively short T2 tissue such as cartilage.
Enhancement of Thermoelectric Performance in Oligomeric PEDOT‐SWCNT Nanocomposite via Band Gap Tuning
Authors: Maity Shilpa , Sepay Nayim , Kulsi Chiranjit , Kool Arpan , Das Sukhen , Banerjee Dipali , Chatterjee Krishanu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOrganic thermoelectric (TE) materials, inspite of their low cost, non‐toxicity, easy availability, show a low thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT). Herein we report ZT > 0.04 for tosylate doped poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT‐Tos) with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) which is higher than the reported values for bulk nanostructured polymer based composites. The underlying reason for the enhancement of the transport properties is the morphological transformation of the nanocomposites exhibiting an increase degree of ordered structure of the samples with the increase of SWCNT content as is observed from XRD, UVVIS and FESEM studies. This increase in the ordered structure is due to the decrease in band gap that was found in DFT calculations which in turn increases the electrical conductivity which is responsible for the enhanced power factor. Further the SWCNTs introduce the interfaces that reduce the thermal conductivity due to scattering of phonons which further contributes to the enhancement in the figure of merit.
Improved prediction of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence by delta middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity: new antenatal classification system
Authors: Tollenaar L. S. A. , Lopriore E. , Middeldorp J. M. , Haak M. C. , Klumper F. J. , Oepkes D. , Slaghekke F. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the diagnostic accuracy of delta middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA‐PSV) > 0.5 multiples of the median (MoM) and compare its predictive value with that of the current MCA‐PSV cut‐off values of > 1.5 MoM in the donor and < 1.0 MoM in the recipient, for the diagnosis of twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) in monochorionic twin pregnancy.MethodsThis was a retrospective consecutive cohort study comprising all uncomplicated monochorionic twin pregnancies and twin pregnancies with a postnatal diagnosis of TAPS managed between 2003 and 2017 in the Dutch national referral center for fetal therapy. Cases with incomplete MCA‐PSV Doppler measurements 1 week prior to delivery or with incomplete hemoglobin measurements within 1 day after birth were excluded. The postnatal diagnosis of TAPS was based on an intertwin hemoglobin difference > 8 g/dL and at least one of the following: reticulocyte count ratio > 1.7 or presence of minuscule anastomoses on the placental surface. We compared the predictive accuracy of the current diagnostic method using MCA‐PSV cut‐off values of > 1.5 MoM in the donor and < 1.0 MoM in the recipient with that of a new method based on intertwin difference in MCA‐PSV > 0.5 MoM for prediction of TAPS.ResultsIn total, 45 uncomplicated and 35 TAPS monochorionic twin pregnancies were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of the cut‐off MCA‐PSV values (donor > 1.5 MoM, recipient < 1.0 MoM) to predict TAPS was 46% (95% CI, 30–62%) and 100% (95% CI, 92–100%), respectively; positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI, 81–100%) and negative predictive value 70% (95% CI, 58–80%). Delta MCA‐PSV showed a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI, 67–92%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 92–100%); the positive and negative predictive values were 100% (95% CI, 88–100%) and 88% (95% CI, 77–94%), respectively. Of the 35 cases with TAPS diagnosed postnatally, 13 twin pairs showed a delta MCA‐PSV > 0.5 MoM but did not fulfill the cut‐off MCA‐PSV criteria. Of these 13 TAPS twins, nine donors and four recipients had normal MCA‐PSV values. There was a high correlation between delta MCA‐PSV and intertwin difference in hemoglobin level (R = 0.725, P < 0.01).ConclusionDelta MCA‐PSV > 0.5 MoM has a greater diagnostic accuracy for predicting TAPS compared to the current MCA‐PSV cut‐off criteria. We therefore propose a new antenatal classification system for TAPS. In monochorionic twin pregnancies with delta MCA‐PSV > 0.5 MoM on Doppler ultrasound, but normal MCA‐PSV values in the donor or recipient, obstetricians should be aware of the therapeutic implications and neonatal morbidities associated with TAPS. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Preoperative Anxiety as a Predictor of Delirium in Cancer Patients: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Wada Saho , Inoguchi Hironobu , Sadahiro Ryoichi , Matsuoka Yutaka J. , Uchitomi Yosuke , Sato Tetsufumi , Shimada Kazuaki , Yoshimoto Seichi , Daiko Hiroyuki , Shimizu Ken 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative delirium is a common and important complication in cancer patients. We need to identify patients at high risk of postoperative delirium such that it can be prevented preoperatively or in early postoperative phase. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preoperative anxiety predicted onset of postoperative delirium in cancer patients, not only in order to identify high‐risk groups but also to help develop new preventive approaches.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study of cancer patients undergoing tumor resections. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5). Preoperative anxiety was evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Anxiety (HADS‐A), and we defined HADS‐A > 7 as clinical anxiety. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to determine which factors were predictors of delirium.ResultsThe final analysis included 91 patients, 29 of whom met the criteria for postoperative delirium. In multivariable logistic regression, age (5‐year increments; odds ratio (OR) = 1.565, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.057–2.317, p = 0.025) and HADS‐A > 7 (OR = 4.370, 95% CI = 1.051–18.178, p = 0.043) predicted delirium onset. These variables explained 74.2% of the variance.ConclusionsPreoperative anxiety strongly predicted postoperative delirium in cancer patients. Our findings suggest that preoperative anxiety may be a new target for prevention of postoperative delirium.Trial registration number This study was registered at UMIN000018980
Reconstruction of the Cryogenian palaeogeography in the Yangtze Domain: constraints from detrital age patterns
Authors: LIU YU , YANG KUNGUANG , POLAT ALI , MA XIAO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDetrital zircons are often used to constrain the maximum sedimentary age of strata and sedimentary provenance. This study aimed at reconstructing the Cryogenian palaeogeography of the Yangtze Domain based on U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopic signatures of detrital zircons from sandstones in the southeastern part of the Yangtze Domain. U–Pb ages of the youngest detrital zircon grains from the Niuguping, Gucheng and Datangpo formations yielded average ages of 712±24 Ma, 679.2±6.2 Ma and 665.1±7.4 Ma, respectively, which are close to the depositional ages of their respective formations. An integrated study of detrital zircon Lu–Hf isotopes and U–Pb ages from three samples revealed six main peak ages in the samples from the Anhua section atc. 680 Ma,c. 780 Ma,c. 820 Ma,c. 940 Ma,c. 2000 Ma andc. 2500 Ma. The characteristics of the U–Pb ages and Hf isotopes indicate a link between the north and southeast margins of the Yangtze Domain as early asc. 680 Ma, and the provenance of the coeval sedimentary sequences in the SE Yangtze Domain was the South Qinling Block on the northern margin of the Yangtze Domain. The provenance analysis on thec. 680 Ma detritus composing upper Neoproterozoic strata in the Yangtze Domain revealed that the detritus was transported southward from South Qinling to the southeast margin of the Yangtze Domain through the Exi Strait, but was hindered by the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt.
Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen des Krankheitskonzepts „Homosexualität“
Authors: Mahler Lieselotte , Mundle Götz , Plöderl Martin 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose Homosexualität wurde 1973 aus der DSM- und 1991 aus der ICD- Klassifikation gestrichen. Trotz dieser formalen Entpathologisierung zeigen sich bis heute negative Auswirkungen des im 19. Jahrhundert entstandenen Krankheitskonzeptes „Homosexualität“, welche in diesem Artikel aufgezeigt werden. Dabei wird auch auf die Wechselwirkungen von gesellschaftlichen und medizinischen Prozessen eingegangen. Im ersten Abschnitt des Artikels wird ein weltweiter Überblick über die rechtliche und gesellschaftliche Situation von sexuellen Minderheiten, deren Bandbreite von Gleichstellung über Ausgrenzung bis hin zur Verfolgung reicht, gegeben. Um den Zusammenhang zwischen gesellschaftlicher Stigmatisierung und pathologisierenden Theorien zur Homosexualität zu vertiefen, wird ein historischer Umriss des medizinisch-gesellschaftlichen Diskurs gegeben. Es wird aufgezeigt, welche wissenschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Fortschritte die Entpatholgisierung von Homosexualität notwendig machten, aber auch wie schwierig eine konsequente und nachhaltige Wirkung dieser Entpathologisierung zu seien scheint. Zudem werden Effekte anhaltender medizinischer und gesellschaftlicher Stigmatisierung auf die Gesundheit von LGB- (lesbian, gay, bisexual) Menschen aufgezeigt. Dazu werden wissenschaftliche Modelle erläutert, die das erhöhte Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen bei LGB- Menschen als Folge von verschiedenen Formen von Stigmatisierungen empirisch gut erklären können. In einem Ausblick weisen wir auf die anhaltend prekäre Situation von sexuellen Minderheiten weltweit hin und betonen die Wichtigkeit entstigmatisierender Positionspapiere und Leitlinien wie 2013 durch den Weltärztebund (World Medical Association).
Continuing Medical Education in Neurology
Authors: Khazanova Darya , Safdieh Joseph 
Published: August 2018

AbstractContinuing medical education (CME) is designed to keep physicians up-to-date on ever-changing practices and guidelines to provide patients with high quality care. CME is especially important in the field of neurology due to rapidly evolving knowledge and medical advances, and is a required element of maintenance of certification. CME itself has evolved from a passive, didactic approach to a learner-centered approach which utilizes new technologies, online learning, and simulations. CME improves knowledge, skills, and, to a lesser extent, patient outcomes, with multimodal, interactive interventions found to be most effective in teaching health care professionals. However, little data are available on CME in neurology. There is a significant gap in knowledge about CME interventions that work for neurologists. Rigorous education research, as well as making effective CME interventions more readily available to neurologists, is critical to optimize lifelong learning of physicians in the field of neurology.
Planning Education for Long-Term Retention: The Cognitive Science and Implementation of Retrieval Practice
Authors: Larsen Douglas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEducational systems are rarely designed for long-term retention of information. Strong evidence has emerged from cognitive psychology and applied education studies that repeated retrieval of information significantly improves retention compared to repeated studying. This effect likely emerges from the processes of memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Consolidation and reconsolidation are the means by which memories are organized into associational networks or schemas that are created and recreated as memories are formed and recalled. As educators implement retrieval practice, they should consider how various test formats lead to different degrees of schema activation. Repeated acts of retrieval provide opportunities for schemas to be updated and strengthened. Spacing of retrieval allows more consolidated schemas to be reactivated. Feedback provides metacognitive monitoring to ensure retrieval accuracy and can lead to shifts from ineffective to effective retrieval strategies. By using the principles of retrieval practice, educators can improve the likelihood that learners will retain information for longer periods of time.
Teaching the Neurological Examination in a Rapidly Evolving Clinical Climate
Authors: Hillis James , Milligan Tracey 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe neurological examination remains the essence of neurology. It allows symptoms to be assessed, diagnoses to be made, and dynamic functions to be followed. Skill in the neurological examination has faced increasing challenges from the encroachment of diagnostic imaging, but has maintained its clinical utility. It has also encountered the battle for the precious time within a medical curriculum. This review considers how the neurological examination can best be taught into the future. It does so by considering factors related to the examination, the learner, the teacher, and the modern clinical environment.
On the importance of accounting for nuclear quantum effects in ab initio calibrated force fields in biological simulations
Authors: Pereyaslavets Leonid , Kurnikov Igor , Kamath Ganesh , Butin Oleg , Illarionov Alexey , Leontyev Igor , Olevanov Michael , Levitt Michael , Kornberg Roger D. , Fain Boris 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceIn molecular modeling the motion of nuclei, especially hydrogen, cannot be described using the laws of classical mechanics. The importance of nuclear quantum effects has long been appreciated by the ab initio molecular dynamics and by the water simulation communities. However, the vast majority of simulations of biological systems performed at ambient conditions treat atomic motion classically. Even in the new-generation force fields parameterized from quantum mechanics these effects are thought to be minor compared with other inaccuracies at room temperature and pressure. We show that a force field in excellent agreement with quantum mechanical energies and forces will not produce acceptably inaccurate predictions at ambient conditions unless the nuclear motion and interaction are accounted for in the simulation.
Intradural and Extradural Ligation of a Left Dural Arteriovenous Fistula of the Sigmoid Sinus Using a Retrosigmoid Approach: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Rubio Roberto Rodriguez , Vigo Vera , Bonaventura Rina Di , Abla Adib A 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are acquired dural shunts between an artery and a vein without parenchymal nidus. DAVFs represent 10%-15% of intracranial arteriovenous malformations, and their manifestations vary from asymptomatic to devastating intracranial hemorrhage.
1
They are classified according to their drainage and presence/absence of cortical venous reflux (CVR).
2

,

3
The junction between transverse and sigmoid sinus (SS) is the most common location, and their treatment in case of CVR can involve the sacrifice of the sinus. DAVF occlusion may be achieved with both endovascular and surgical technique and frequently with combined techniques.
This video demonstrates the management of a left dAVF of the SS in a 54-yr-old male with recent onset of diplopia and imbalance with venous congestion seen in the left cerebellum on T2 sequence MRI. Angiography revealed a Borden grade 2, Cognard grade IIa + b left SS dAVF supplied by the jugular and hypoglossal branches of the neuromeningeal trunk with retrograde filling of the partially thrombosed SS and drainage to the superior petrosal sinus and multiple cerebellar veins. Endovascular repair was not feasible due to high risk of postoperative cranial neuropathy. The patient consented to surgery.
A left retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed to achieve intradural ligation of the fistula at the dural edge along the inferior aspect of the tentorium. After drainage occlusion and cauterization of the transmastoid extradural feeders (via mastoidectomy), the SS was entirely exposed and clipped to prevent any further retrograde arteriovenous shunting. The postoperative course was without complication and angiography showed complete occlusion of the dAVF.
Cumulative Effects of Smoking and Diabetes Mellitus on Corneal Endothelial Cell Parameters
Authors: Cankurtaran Veysel , Tekin Kemal 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To compare the corneal endothelial morphometric properties and central corneal thickness (CCT) values in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and age-matched healthy subjects and to determine whether smoking increases the effects of DM on these corneal parameters.

Methods:
This prospective study included patients with type 2 DM and their age-matched controls. The smoking history of all participants was evaluated. Corneal endothelial cell properties including endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area (AVG), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (HEX) were obtained using a noncontact specular microscope. Consequently, CCT was measured using an ultrasound pachymeter.

Results:
This research analyzed 153 subjects in the DM group and 146 subjects in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, and smoking status of the participants in 2 groups (P > 0.05). The corneal endothelial cell measurements including ECD, AVG, CV, and HEX did not show any statistically significant differences between these groups (P > 0.05). However, CCT of patients with DM was statistically significantly thicker than that of the controls (P = 0.005). The ECD values of the smokers with DM (2435 ± 325 cells/mm2) were statistically significantly lower than those of nonsmoker healthy subjects (2559 ± 279 cells/mm2
P = 0.008). However, the AVG, CV, HEX, and CCT values of the smokers with DM were not statistically significantly different compared with nonsmoker healthy subjects (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although neither only DM nor only smoking has a statistically significant effect on corneal endothelial morphometric properties, coexistence of DM and smoking causes a significant decrease in ECD.
Preventing Postoperative Atypical Mycobacterial Infection
Authors: Zhan Senmiao , Hoang Amber , Escaravage George K. , Oester Alan E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To report a recent outbreak of atypical mycobacterial infection following upper eyelid surgery and the results of a prevention protocol that was successfully instituted to dramatically reduce the infection rate.

Methods:
This is a multicenter retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. A chart review of 7 patients who developed atypical mycobacterium infection after undergoing blepharoplasty was conducted. Preventative intervention included exchanging ice compresses for reusable gel packs and substituting tap water with bottled or distilled water for facial cleaning during postoperative care. The main outcome measure was disease incidence.

Results:
Of the 368 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty and/or blepharoptosis repair from December 2014 to May 2015, 7 people developed cutaneous atypical mycobacterium infection with an incidence of 1.9%. Eighty-six percent of patients received clarithromycin as part of their treatment with average treatment length of 2.8 months. Debridement was performed in 71% of the patients. Biopsy was performed in all patients, and all had histopathology showing granulomatous inflammation. A prevention protocol was developed to reduce potential inoculation in the immediate postoperative period, which successfully reduced the infection rate from 1.9% to 0.06% (p = 0.019).

Conclusions:
Atypical mycobacterium infection, although rare, should be considered as a possible diagnosis in a blepharoplasty patient with delayed development of nodular lesions. Long-term clarithromycin therapy and debridement have shown good outcomes for these patients; however, the best treatment for any infection is prevention. This study provides the first evidence based approach within the ophthalmic literature for reducing the mycobacterium infection rate in blepharoplasty patients.