bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limiting psychotropic medication prescription on discharge from psychiatric inpatient care: a possible suicide intervention?
Authors: Cleary Eimear , Kelleher Cecily C. , Lane Abbie , Malone Kevin M. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesRestricting access to lethal means is an effective suicide prevention strategy. However, there is little discussion in the literature about the potential contribution of prescribing practices on discharge from inpatient psychiatric care (which has been established as a high-risk period for suicide) to suicide deaths by overdose of prescribed medication. This study aimed to assess the quantity, toxicity and potential lethality of psychotropic medication being prescribed on discharge from psychiatric care to those with and without indices of suicidality.MethodsPatient demographic, clinical and prescription data were collected from 50 randomly selected charts following discharge from inpatient psychiatric care. Psychotropic medications (dose × duration) on discharge were converted to their equivalent doses of neuroleptics, antidepressants and anxiolytics to rate toxicity and potential lethality, using the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines. Mood stabilizing medications were also documented.Results39% of prescriptions analysed contained toxic and potentially fatal doses of either neuroleptic or antidepressant equivalent medication.ConclusionsPatient discharge from inpatient psychiatric care presents a golden opportunity to moderate access to potentially fatal psychotropic medication. Iatrogenic provision of lethal means for suicide during a period of increased risk and in a group at increased suicide risk may impact suicide prevention efforts and requires further in-depth research. Current prescribing practices may be a missed opportunity to intervene in this regard.
Influence of vitamin D serum concentration, prenatal care and social determinants on birth weight: a northeastern Brazilian cohort study
Authors: Pereira-Santos Marcos , Carvalho Gisele Queiroz , dos Santos Djanilson Barbosa , Oliveira Ana Marlucia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe relationship among social determinants, vitamin D serum concentration and the health and nutrition conditions is an important issue in the healthcare of pregnant women and newborns. Thus, the present study analyses how vitamin D, prenatal monitoring and social determinants are associated with birth weight. The cohort comprised 329 pregnant women, up to 34 weeks gestational age at the time of admission, who were receiving care through the prenatal services of Family Health Units. Structural equation modelling was used in the statistical analysis. The mean birth weight was 3340 (sd 0·545) g. Each nmol increase in maternal vitamin D serum concentration was associated with an increase in birth weight of 3·06 g. Prenatal healthcare with fewer appointments (β −41·49 g, 95 % CI −79·27, −3·71) and late onset of care in the second trimester or third trimester (β −39·24 g, 95 % CI −73·31, −5·16) favoured decreased birth weight. In addition, low socio-economic class and the practice of Afro-Brazilian religions showed a direct association with high vitamin D serum concentrations and an indirect association with high birth weight, respectively. High gestational BMI (β 23·84, 95 % CI 4·37, 43·31), maternal education level (β 24·52 g, 95 % CI 1·82, 47·23) and length of gestation (β 79·71, 95 % CI 52·81; 106·6) resulted in high birth weight. In conclusion, maternal vitamin D serum concentration, social determinants and prenatal care, evaluated in the context of primary healthcare, directly determined birth weight.
Assessing nutritional quality as a ‘vital sign’ of cardiometabolic health
Authors: Buteau-Poulin Dorothée , Poirier Paul , Després Jean-Pierre , Alméras Natalie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh overall nutritional quality (NQ) is an important component of ideal cardiovascular health, a concept introduced in 2010 by the American Heart Association. However, data on the independent contribution of overall NQ to the variation in the cardiometabolic risk (CMR) profile are limited. This observational study aimed to investigate the association between overall NQ and the CMR profile in 4785 participants (65⋅4 % of men, age 43⋅3 (sd 10⋅8) years) who underwent a cardiometabolic health evaluation, including lifestyle habits, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile and HbA1c concentrations. In addition, a submaximal exercise test was conducted to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Using a standardised NQ questionnaire (twenty-five items food-based questionnaire), participants were classified into three subgroups: (1) low, (2) moderate or (3) high NQ and variance and multiple linear regression analyses were performed. Results showed that less than 15 % of participants presented a high NQ. A high NQ was associated with a healthier lifestyle habits and a more favourable CMR profile (lower values of waist circumference and cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, lower concentrations of non-HDL-cholesterol, TAG and HbA1c). Some of these associations were independent of age, physical activity level (PAL) and CRF. A better NQ was also associated with a lower proportion of participants presenting the hypertriacylglycerolaemic waist phenotype independently of both PAL and CRF. The present study suggests that overall NQ can be assessed with a short food-based questionnaire and should be considered in clinical practice as a new ‘vital sign’ associated with other health behaviours and cardiometabolic health.
Effects of feed iodine concentrations and milk processing on iodine concentrations of cows’ milk and dairy products, and potential impact on iodine intake in Swiss adults
Authors: van der Reijden Olivia L. , Galetti Valeria , Herter-Aeberli Isabelle , Zimmermann Michael B. , Zeder Christophe , Krzystek Adam , Haldimann Max , Barmaz Andrea , Kreuzer Michael , Berard Joel , Schlegel Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe contribution of milk and dairy products to daily iodine intake is high but variable in many industrialised countries. Factors that affect iodine concentrations in milk and dairy products are only poorly understood. Our aim was to: (1) assess the effect of feed iodine concentration on milk iodine by supplementing five groups of five cows each with one of five dosages from 0–2 mg iodine/kg DM; (2) quantify iodine losses during manufacturing of cheese and yogurt from milk with varying iodine concentrations and assess the effect of cellar-ripening; and (3) systematically measure iodine partitioning during heat treatment and skimming of milk. Milk iodine reached a near-steady state after 3 weeks of feeding. Median milk iodine (17–302 μg/l for 0–2 mg iodine/kg DM) increased linearly with feed iodine (R20·96;P< 0·001). At curd separation, 75–84 % of iodine was lost in whey. Dairy iodine increased linearly with milk iodine (semi-hard cheese:R20·95;P< 0·001; fresh cheese and yogurt:R21·00;P< 0·001), and cellar-ripening had no effect. Heat treatment had no significant effect, whereas skimming increased (P< 0·001) milk iodine concentration by only 1–2 μg/l. Mean daily intake of dairy products by Swiss adults is estimated at 213 g, which would contribute 13–52 % of the adults’ RDA for iodine if cow feed is supplemented with 0·5–2 mg iodine/kg DM. Thus, modulation of feed iodine levels can help achieve desirable iodine concentrations in milk and dairy products, and thereby optimise their contribution to human iodine nutrition to avoid both deficiency and excess.
An ideal-theoretic approach to Keller maps
Authors: Miranda-Neto Cleto B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA self-map F of an affine space ${\bf A}_k^n $ over a field k is said to be a Keller map if F is given by polynomials F1, …, Fn ∈ k[X1, …, Xn] whose Jacobian determinant lies in $k\setminus \{0\}$. We consider char(k) = 0 and assume, as we may, that the Fis vanish at the origin. In this note, we prove that if F is Keller then its base ideal IF = 〈F1, …, Fn〉 is radical (a finite intersection of maximal ideals in this case). We then conjecture that IF = 〈X1, …, Xn〉, which we show to be equivalent to the classical Jacobian Conjecture. In addition, among other remarks, we observe that every complex Keller map admits a well-defined multidimensional global residue function.
IV.—Some Definitions in Dynamical Geology
Authors: McGee W. J. 
Published: June 2019

In view of the active discussion of the problems of earth-movement and mountain-growth now current, certain fundamental definitions, growing out of the discrimination of processes commonly confounded but really distinct, seem to be timely.The various processes with which the geologist has to deal fall naturally into two principal and antagonistic categories and five subordinate and supplemental categories; and each category, great and small, comprises two antagonistic classes of movements or agencies.
Formulas and Tables of Values for Life Interests and Reversions
Authors: Nightingale H. Ethelston 
Published: June 2019

It is with some reluctance that I venture to address the Institute on the subject of Reversionary Interests, a topic already exhaustively discussed by several members of great experience.The chief motive which induces me to take this course is the desire to attract further attention to the advantages derived from the method of calculation originally adopted by Mr. Jellicoe (J.I.A., ii, 159) and subsequently laid under contribution by Mr. Bunyon (J.I.A., xviii, 32). This plan of operation, by means of which almost any formula may be derived from one general expression, was recommended by Mr. Bunyon for the following reasons:(1). The exceptional facility with which any required formula can be written down.(2). The great advantage secured by keeping the component parts of the formula clearly before the computer; thereby enabling him to modify the several parts without difficulty, in order to suit the case in question.For instance, allowance may have to be made for loss of interest owing to delay in recovering the capital, and in re-investment of the same. A suitable premium may be necessary to cover a special assurance. Different rates of interest may be desired in possession and in reversion, convertible half-yearly or quarterly. In short, the actual conditions of a problem can be adhered to in the closest possible manner.
On some of the Practical Questions raised during the Discussion that followed the reading of my Paper printed in the “Journal” (vol. xxvii, p.362); and on a Further Use for my Tables in applying Profits to making Annual Premiums cease at an Earlier Age than fixed in the Policy
Authors: Manly Henry William 
Published: June 2019

I believe there was a general concensus of opinion that the discussion which followed the reading of my paper at the sessional meeting of the Institute on 17 December 1888 (J.I.A., xxvii, 362) as an eminently practical one, and that another evening might usefully be devoted to a further discussion of many of the questions which were then raised.With the object, therefore, of starting the discussion again, I propose to examine, in a general way, some of the views which were then expressed; and to better carry out that object, I shall consider the subject under four heads. (1) Whether, in the formula , Px, should be the pure premium according to the mortality table and rate of interest used in the valuation, or some other value. (2) Whether d should be taken at the rate of interest used in the valuation, or at some other rate. (3) To what extent special refinements can be introduced, and how far they may be neglected in practice. (4) The superiority of ray tables for practical use over other methods.
Relationships between soil seed bank composition and standing vegetation along chronosequences in a tropical dry forest in north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Gomes Fernanda Melo , Oliveira Clemir Candeia de , Rocha Miranda Roberta da , Costa Rafael Carvalho da , Loiola Maria Iracema Bezerra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo better understand the role of seed banks in ecological succession of dry forests, we compared similarities between vegetation and seed banks and assessed the relative contributions of seed dispersal and persistence in chronosequences in the Brazilian semi-arid region. To sample the standing vegetation and the seed bank, we collected data in three sites with three successional ages in each one (5 y, 25 y and 45 y). A total of 180 soil samples (three sites × three successional ages × 10 plots × two components) were collected. The composition of the seed bank was assessed by the seedling emergence method. Of 166 species identified in the standing vegetation, only 50 (30.1%) were also present in the seed bank, resulting in low similarity (Jaccard index = 0.02–0.21) and reflecting the rarity of woody species and the dominance of annuals (71% of richness). The relative importance of seed persistence and seed dispersal to seed banks composition were balanced in most cases (difference was not rejected in four out six comparisons). Those results suggest that seed banks in tropical dry forests are largely the result of high dispersal rates and the persistence of allochthonous annual species that contribute to decoupling seed bank and vegetation composition.
Exploring the “continuous combat function” concept in armed conflicts: Time for an extended application?
Authors: Henry Sabrina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the “continuous combat function” concept and proposes to extend its application. First, the article will demonstrate that the continuous combat function concept should be extended to certain members of organized armed groups in cases where those groups do not belong to any of the parties to an international armed conflict and whose actions do not reach the level of intensity required for a separate non-international armed conflict (NIAC) to exist. Secondly, the paper will look at the extension of this concept in order to determine individual membership in State armed forces in the context of a NIAC, while arguing that the notion of “armed forces” should be interpreted differently depending of the nature of the conflict, be it international or non-international.
On the Adjustment of Mortality Tables
Authors: Higham John Adams 
Published: June 2019

During the last session of the Institute of Actuaries, I had the honour to submit a paper, the purpose of which was to devise a method of adjustment as even and correct as that of Mr. Woolhouse, and more easy in application. This was to be done by combining two summations of numbers increasing by third differences; the summations being so chosen as to introduce small factors only into the formula, and to admit of its being worked in columnar shape. (Journal, vol. xxiii, page 335.)Thereupon, Mr. G. F. Hardy showed that Mr. Woolhouse's formula can be used in columnar shape; and Mr. Ackland, improving on Mr. Hardy's arrangement, contributed a table in which an adjustment of the HM decrement was so calculated. (Journal, xxiii, 354.)This important and unexpected result of the reading of my paper rendered it of little value, except that it supplied a short formula which may be convenient for use where a rough graduation only is required. Any degree of smoothness can be obtained by repeating the process; but this is tedious, and I would now furnish a formula derived in the same manner, and yielding a satisfactory adjustment by a single operation.
On the grant of Settlement Policies under the provisions of the Married Women's Property Acts, 1870 and 1882
Authors: Sprague T. B. 
Published: June 2019

Twelve years have now elapst since the Married Women's Property Act, 1870, gave legislative sanction to the principle that a married man may effect a policy for the benefit of his wife and children, in such a way that the policy will be effectually settled upon them, notwithstanding his subsequent insolvency. I believe that the facilities thus afforded by the Legislature have been greatly appreciated by some classes of the community,—both by the lower middle classes who usually make no settlement upon their marriage, and by professional and mercantile men who have desired to supplement the provisions they made upon marriage, and to settle a portion of their accumulated savings so as to be secured to their families in the event of unforeseen reverses overtaking them.This principle has since been extended to Scotland. In England the provision was included in an Act dealing generally with the rights and liabilities of married women; but in Scotland the law relating to married women is fundamentally different from that in England, and it was therefore thought better that the provision should be made by a short Act dealing only with this matter, which Act is printed in the Journal for July 1881.It has now been considered desirable to consolidate and amend the law relating to the property of married women, and for this purpose to repeal the Married Women's Property Act, 1870; and the question of Settlement Life Policies therefore came up for reconsideration. The result has been that the new Married Women's Property Act, which came into operation on 1 January last, re-enacts with some material improvements the clause on the subject in the old Act.
The Mathematical Law of Mortality
Authors: Wittstein Theodor 
Published: June 2019

In the following essay we shall attempt the solution of a problem which has hitherto remained unsolved, though it is one of the most important problems connected with the science of life contingencies.[Dr. Wittstein then explains the notation he uses; but we have substituted for it the usual notation, with which all our readers will be familiar; and he states that the Table B, on page 167, may serve as a specimen of a Mortality Table.]Mortality Tables are based upon observations. We do not now propose to discuss the mode of collecting these observations. Upon this subject the author's treatise on Mathematical Statistics (Hanover, 1867), may be consulted. By whatever method the observations are made, the data resulting from them are always put in the form given in columns 1–3 of Table A, page 166. This table contains the data which Brune published in the year 1847 from the experience of the Prussian Widows' Fund, and from which he constructed his Mortality Table for Males (Table B); and we select this table in illustration of our subject, simply because it is readily accessible.
On the Rates of Mortality in Australia
Authors: Burridge Arthur Francis 
Published: June 2019

The combination of circumstances, which for generations past has impelled large numbers of our countrymen to establish homes in distant lands, has wrought vast changes on the surface of the globe. The progress and welfare of Englishmen call, from every continent, for our interest and sympathy; and, while there is, probably, no portion of “Great Britain” which usually attracts more lively interest than Australasia, special attention is just now directed to that important member of the British Empire. The richness of its soil, its varying and salubrious climate, embracing those degrees of temperature most conducive to health, and, above all, its immense possibilities for the future, combine to fascinate the mind, and inspire a wish for further knowledge.A comparison of the population returns of Australia with those of the United Kingdom, presents a contrast as striking as can be found in any department of social science. The area of the continent,—which is estimated to be somewhat under three million square miles,—contained at the end of the year 1882 about 2,296,000 inhabitants. The average number of persons to the square mile in each colony was as follows:—
On the Probability that there will hereafter be Issue of a Marriage hitherto Childless
Authors: Sprague Thomas Bond 
Published: June 2019

It is sometimes necessary in disentail proceedings to estimate the probability that a husband, who has been married for several years without having any children, will hereafter have issue, either by his present or by a future wife. The probability of issue by a future wife is a subject comparatively well understood, and it is a recognized part of the business of some insurance companies to grant insurances against the contingency of such issue being left surviving at the death of a married man who has no child. The probability of issue by the present wife has been very little considered, and it is this probability that I propose now to discuss. There are very few statistics that will help us in the matter; in fact, I am only aware of two works in which any such statistics are given. Dr. J. Matthews Duncan gives the following table, in his work Fecundity, Fertility, and Sterility (p. 132, 2nd Ed.) :—Mr. Charles Ansell, Jun., in his Statistics of Families in the Upper and Professional Classes (page 87) gives a table from which columns (1) to (4) of the table on the opposite page are extracted.
On the Construction and Use ov a Series ov Select Mortality Tabls to be Employd in Combination with the Institute HM(5) Tabl.(Continued)
Authors: Sprague T. B. 
Published: June 2019

In Part I ov this paper I gave (vol. xxi, page 246) a tabl ov the finally ajusted probabilitys ov deth in the first five insurance years, for quinquennial ages at entry from 20 to 75. I gave also specimen mortality tabls for each ov those ages at entry, so ajusted as to join on, after the laps ov five years, to the Institute HM(5) Tabl; also values ov anuitys at 3 and 4 per-cent during the first five insurance years for lives entering at the same ages; and, lastly, commutation tabls calculated at 3 and 4 per-cent interest. I hav since found that ther is a misprint in the tabl ov the probabilitys ov deth, as q[35]÷3 shoud hav been printed ·010177 insted ov ·010077. This, however, is a mere misprint and dos not afect the other tabls. (It wil be notist that, insted ov riting q35+3, as in the first part ov this paper, I now always enclose the age at entry in square brakets, thus [x].)In order to make the new tabls practically useful, it is necesary to hav results, not merely for quinquennial ages at entry, but for every age. The first step to be taken for this purpos is the calculation ov the probabilitys ov dying in the first five insurance years, for every age at entry. These calculations wer made by means ov the formula explaind in my paper in the number ov this Jurnl for last July, in which I gave (see page 280) the actual work ov interpolating between q[30]+3 and q[40]+3. But for the two quinquennial intervals at the beginning and at the end ov the series, namely, from age 20 to 30 and 65 to 75, I uzed constant fifth differences insted ov fourth differences as explaind in my paper. Whenever the calculated probability exceeded that acording to the HM(5) Tabl, the latter was substituted.