bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posterior and Mid-Fusiform Contribute to Distinct Stages of Facial Expression Processing
Authors: Li Yuanning , Richardson R. Mark , Ghuman Avniel Singh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThough the fusiform is well-established as a key node in the face perception network, its role in facial expression processing remains unclear, due to competing models and discrepant findings. To help resolve this debate, we recorded from 17 subjects with intracranial electrodes implanted in face sensitive patches of the fusiform. Multivariate classification analysis showed that facial expression information is represented in fusiform activity, in the same regions that represent identity, though with a smaller effect size. Examination of the spatiotemporal dynamics revealed a functional distinction between posterior and mid-fusiform expression coding, with posterior fusiform showing an early peak of facial expression sensitivity at around 180 ms after subjects viewed a face and mid-fusiform showing a later and extended peak between 230 – 460 ms. These results support the hypothesis that the fusiform plays a role in facial expression perception and highlight a qualitative functional distinction between processing in posterior and mid-fusiform, with each contributing to temporally segregated stages of expression perception.
Conflict coping strategy evolution of top management team members in China’s family enterprises
Authors: Wu Mengyun , Zhang Linrong , Imran Muhammad , Lu Jie , Hu Xinting 
Published: March 2018

PurposeConflicts among top management team (TMT) members have a significant impact on sustainable development of family enterprises in China. The complex attributes of different kinds of conflicts in a TMT have dual effects on firm performance and its stability. Thus, avoiding conflicts in a TMT through a systematic conflict management strategy is very important. This paper aims to therefore investigate how to maximize the performance and income level of the TMT in family enterprises through managing conflict systematically, while adopting the best conflict coping strategies.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors apply conflict coping strategies as a useful tool of conflict management and propose five kinds of dynamic conflict coping strategies among TMT members. Repeated game and multi-agent simulation by computer experiment are used to dynamically simulate the rules and evolution of individual conflict coping strategy choices.FindingsIt is found that with the passage of time, different conflict coping strategies have different effects on earnings of individuals and teams at different conflict levels. It is also revealed that conflict coping strategies affect not only the earnings of individuals and teams but also their distribution; it also reflects the conflict level in TMT of a family enterprise but in reverse.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature on conflict management in relevance to the choice and revolution of conflict coping strategies in a Chinese business culture context. It focuses on strengthening the unity and cooperation of TMT members. Controlling the conflict level of TMT members at a reasonable level, investigating the primary cause of conflict and identifying its nature lead to better performance of the TMT and the sustainable development of Chinese family enterprises. Based on these outcomes, different conflict coping strategies can be appropriately used to solve TMT conflicts.
Determinants of bank profitability before, during, and after the financial crisis
Authors: Adelopo Ismail , Lloydking Robert , Tauringana Venancio 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an investigation into the relationship between bank-specific, macroeconomic factors and bank profitability before (1999-2006), during (2007-2009), and after (2010-2013) the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the Economic Community of West African States’ bank panel data from 1999 to 2013, the paper used fixed effect models. The panel model includes bank-specific determinants (size, cost management, and liquidity), industry level, and macroeconomic variables.

Findings
Panel data analyses results show that there is a significant relationship between bank-specific determinants (size, cost management, and liquidity) and bank profitability (ROA) before, during, and after the financial crisis. However, the relationships between other bank-specific (capital strength, credit risk, and market power), macroeconomic (gross domestic product and inflation) determinants are sensitive to both periods of analysis (before, during, and after financial crisis) and bank profitability measure used (ROA or NIM).

Originality/value
Overall, these results suggest that the financial crisis did not affect the relationships between some bank-specific determinants and bank profitability.
Using the Mus musculus hybrid zone to assess covariation and genetic architecture of limb bone lengths
Authors: Škrabar Neva , Turner Leslie M. , Pallares Luisa F. , Harr Bettina , Tautz Diethard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo subspecies of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus and Mus musculus musculus, meet in a narrow contact zone across Europe. Mice in the hybrid zone are highly admixed, representing the full range of mixed ancestry from the two subspecies. Given the distinct morphologies of these subspecies, these natural hybrids can be used for genomewide association mapping at sufficiently high resolution to directly infer candidate genes. We focus here on limb bone length differences, which is of special interest for understanding the evolution of developmentally correlated traits. We used 172 first‐generation descendants of wild‐caught mice from the hybrid zone to measure the length of stylopod (humerus/femur), zeugopod (ulna/tibia) and autopod (metacarpal/metatarsal) elements in skeletal CT scans. We find phenotypic covariation between limb elements in the hybrids similar to patterns previously described in Mus musculus domesticus inbred strains, suggesting that the hybrid genotypes do not influence the covariation pattern in a major way. Mapping was performed using 143,592 SNPs and identified several genomic regions associated with length differences in each bone. Bone length was found to be highly polygenic. None of the candidate regions include the canonical genes known to control embryonic limb development. Instead, we are able to identify candidate genes with known roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone structure determination, as well as recently evolved genes of, as yet, unknown function.
Oxysterol‐binding protein‐related protein 2 is not essential for Phytophthora sojae based on CRISPR/Cas9 deletions
Authors: Miao Jianqiang , Li Xiuhuan , Lin Dong , Liu Xili , Tyler Brett M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOxysterol‐binding protein (OSBP)‐related proteins (ORPs) are a large conserved family of lipid transfer proteins in eukaryotes. In oomycetes, some ORPs are the target of the novel oomycide oxathiapiprolin. By searching the Phytophthora sojae genome database, two ORP proteins, PsORP1 (Protein ID: 558498) and PsORP2 (Protein ID: 470921), were found. Here, we investigated the biological function of PsORP2. The expression level of PsORP2 was higher in germinated cysts and late infection than in other developmental stages. However, deletion of PsORP2 using CRISPR/Cas9 had no significant effect on sporangia production, zoospore production, cyst germination, oospore production, virulence or oxathiapiprolin sensitivity. PsORP1 also was not upregulated in ΔPsORP2 transformants. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that PsORP2 is not an essential protein for development or virulence in P. sojae under the conditions we tested.
Accruals Quality, Stock Return Seasonality, and the Cost of Equity Capital: International Evidence
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Wilson Mark 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMashruwala and Mashruwala (2011) argue that inconsistent earlier findings regarding whether accruals quality (AQ) is priced in equity markets (Core, Guay, and Verdi 2008; Kim and Qi 2010) may be explained by seasonality in returns deriving from tax‐loss selling. Finding no evidence of annual AQ premia for U.S. firms, Mashruwala and Mashruwala report that significant monthly premia concentrate in January, with the remainder of the year demonstrating negative or insignificant returns to AQ and attribute this strong seasonality to tax‐loss selling by investors, rather than information risk. However, the end of the tax year for U.S. investors coincides with the calendar year and the financial year for the majority of firms, which may suggest alternative explanations for seasonal variation in returns. We extend Mashruwala and Mashruwala's study, using an international sample including countries where incentives for tax‐loss selling exist, but in which the standard tax and financial years differ (Japan and the United Kingdom), and where the tax and financial years conclude in a month other than December (Australia), as well as employing a longer U.S. sample. We find some evidence of an AQ premium in the United States, which although dominated by January returns, remains significant annually. However, these findings are sensitive to the inclusion of low price stocks and the choice of asset pricing test. In Japan, the United Kingdom, and Australia we document consistent evidence that an AQ premium exists on average throughout the year, and in samples excluding the first month of the tax year. The sensitivity of our U.S. results to the January period may reflect the conflation of numerous seasonal influences on returns, not all of which necessarily reflect mispricing.
Drivers of research impact: evidence from the top three finance journals
Authors: Dang Chongyu , Li Zhichuan (Frank) 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe study the characteristics of all published papers in the top three finance journals (JF, JFE and RFS), and how these paper characteristics affect the number of citations in Google Scholar and the Web of Science database. First, we find the characteristics in the universalist perspective remain constant while the characteristics in the constructivist and presentation perspectives increase over time. Second, some characteristics are significantly different between the high‐impact and the low‐impact papers. Third, paper quality, research method, journal placement and paper age are the most important drivers. Last, different drivers play different roles in different journals.
Randomised double‐blind comparison of bolus phenylephrine or ephedrine for treatment of hypotension in women with pre‐eclampsia undergoing caesarean section
Authors: Mohta M. , Duggal S. , Chilkoti G. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTreatment of post‐spinal hypotension during caesarean section assumes special concern in pre‐eclamptic patients due to a compromised fetoplacental circulation and increased risk of placental hypoperfusion. Phenylephrine and ephedrine are the most commonly used vasopressors, although the best choice is still not clear. We studied 80 pre‐eclamptic women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent caesarean section with spinal anaesthesia, and who developed hypotension defined as a decrease in systolic arterial pressure ≥ 20% from baseline or absolute value < 100 mmHg. Women were randomly allocated to receive phenylephrine 50 μg or ephedrine 4 mg boluses for treatment of hypotension. Blood pressure changes following vasopressor administration were similar in both groups, but heart rate remained higher after ephedrine at all time‐points. The primary outcome measure of umbilical artery pH was 7.26 (0.11) in the phenylephrine group and 7.25 (0.09) in the ephedrine group (p = 0.86). The incidence of neonatal acidosis (umbilical artery pH < 7.20) was 9 (22.5%) in the phenylephrine group and 11 (27.5%) in the ephedrine group (p = 0.80). Other secondary outcome measures were comparable. In conclusion, phenylephrine 50 μg and ephedrine 4 mg, administered as intravenous boluses to treat post‐spinal hypotension during caesarean section in pre‐eclamptic patients, resulted in similar fetal acid‐base values, were equally effective in treating hypotension and were associated with good maternal and neonatal outcome.
Visual complaints of patients with glaucoma and controls under optimal and extreme luminance conditions
Authors: Bierings Ronald A. J. M. , van Sonderen Frideric L. P. , Jansonius Nomdo M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine (i) whether, compared to controls, visual complaints of glaucoma patients are more pronounced under extreme luminance conditions than in the optimal luminance condition and (ii) whether complaints belonging to different extreme luminance conditions are associated.MethodsWe developed a luminance‐specific questionnaire and sent it to 221 glaucoma patients (response rate 81%); controls (182) were primarily their spouses. Median (interquartile range) mean deviation of the visual field of the patients’ better eye was −4.5 (−10.7 to −1.9) dB. Questions were addressing visual performance under five luminance conditions: presumed optimal (outdoor on a cloudy day), low, high, sudden decrease and sudden increase. We compared percentages of patients and controls who reported visual complaints while performing activities under different luminance conditions.ResultsPercentages of patients and controls with visual complaints were 4 versus 0% (p = 0.02) for optimal luminance and 48 versus 6% (p < 0.001), 22 versus 1% (p < 0.001), 32 versus 1% (p < 0.001) and 25 versus 3% (p < 0.001) for low, high, sudden decrease and sudden increase in luminance. Within the group of glaucoma patients, the frequency of complaints increased significantly with increasing disease severity at a Bonferroni‐corrected p value of 0.003 for all but one (p = 0.005) luminance‐specific questions that addressed extreme luminance conditions.ConclusionThe concept of (early stage) glaucoma as an asymptomatic disease is only valid with optimal luminance. Differences in visual complaints between glaucoma patients and controls are greater under extreme luminance conditions, especially in the dark. The fact that the cases were aware of their diagnosis could have induced bias.
Childhood death rates declined in Sweden from 2000 to 2014 but deaths from external causes were not always investigated
Authors: Otterman Gabriel , Lahne Klara , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Lucas Steven , Janson Staffan , Hellström‐Westas Lena 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimCountries that conduct systematic child death reviews report a high proportion of modifiable characteristics among deaths from external causes, and this study examined the trends in Sweden.MethodsWe analysed individual‐level data on external, ill‐defined and unknown causes from the Swedish cause of death register from 2000 to 2014, and mortality rates were estimated for children under the age of one and for those aged 1–14 and 15–17 years.ResultsChild deaths from all causes were 7914, and 2006 (25%) were from external, ill‐defined and unknown causes: 610 (30%) were infants, 692 (34%) were 1–14 and 704 (35%) were 15–17. The annual average was 134 cases (range 99–156) during the study period. Mortality rates from external, ill‐defined and unknown causes in children under 18 fell 19%, from 7.4 to 6.0 per 100 000 population. A sizeable number of infant deaths (8.0%) were registered without a death certificate during the study period, but these counts were lower in children aged 1–14 (1.3%) and 15–17 (0.9%).ConclusionChildhood deaths showed a sustained decline from 2000 to 2014 in Sweden and a quarter were from external, ill‐defined or unknown causes. Systematic, interagency death reviews could yield information that could prevent future deaths.
Impacts of perianal disease and faecal incontinence on quality of life and employment in 1092 patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Vollebregt P. F. , van Bodegraven A. A. , Markus‐de Kwaadsteniet T. M. L. , van der Horst D. , Felt‐Bersma R. J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundPatient reported outcomes regarding perianal disease and faecal incontinence in the community‐based inflammatory bowel disease population are poorly described.AimsTo determine the impacts of perianal disease and faecal incontinence on quality of life and employment in inflammatory bowel disease patients.MethodsFor this cross‐sectional study, a comprehensive survey was sent out to members of the Dutch National Crohn's and Colitis patient organisation. Validated questionnaires regarding faecal incontinence and active perianal disease were used to estimate its prevalence's. The effect on the quality of life (36‐Item Short Form Survey) and on employment status (multivariate binary regression analysis) was assessed in this inflammatory bowel disease population.ResultsA total number of 1092 returned questionnaires (58% responders) were used for analysis; 750 respondents (69%) were female; mean age was 47 years (IQR 35‐59). In 621 patients (57%) Crohn's disease, in 422 (39%) ulcerative colitis and in 49 (4%) patients unclassifiable inflammatory bowel disease was self‐reported. The 114 patients (10%) with a stoma were excluded for continence related analyses. Faecal incontinence was reported in 555 patients (57%), was comparable between the different inflammatory bowel disease diagnoses and affected all 36‐Item Short Form Survey subscales adversely (incontinence vs continence: Physical functioning 75 vs 84, P < 0.0001; Limitations due to physical health 49 vs 63, P < 0.0001; Limitations due to emotional problems 49 vs 64, P < 0.0001; Energy/fatigue 47 vs 53, P < 0.0001; Emotional well‐being 71 vs 74, P = 0.005; Social functioning 63 vs 73, P < 0.0001; Pain 66 vs 75, P < 0.0001; General health 41 vs 48, P < 0.0001). Active perianal disease was reported in 39% Crohn's disease, 16% ulcerative colitis (84% fissures) and 20% unclassifiable inflammatory bowel disease patients. Faecal incontinence was more common in patients with perianal disease (67% vs 53%, P = 0.003). When correcting for age, disease duration, inflammatory bowel disease‐related surgery and faecal incontinence, active perianal disease was independently affecting employment (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.50–0.91; P = 0.01).ConclusionsFaecal incontinence and perianal disease are quality of life determining factors. Faecal incontinence needs more attention among clinicians, and development of new (drug) therapies needs to be focussed on perianal disease.
Full covariate modelling approach in population pharmacokinetics: understanding the underlying hypothesis tests and implications of multiplicity
Authors: Xu Xu Steven , Yuan Min , Zhu Hao , Yang Yaning , Wang Hui , Zhou Honghui , Xu Jinfeng , Zhang Liping , Pinheiro Jose 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo clarify the hypothesis tests associated with the full covariate modelling (FCM) approach in population pharmacokinetic analysis, investigate the potential impact of multiplicity in population pharmacokinetic analysis, and evaluate simultaneous confidence intervals (SCI) as an approach to control multiplicity.MethodsClinical trial simulations were performed using a simple one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model. Different numbers of covariates, sample sizes, effect sizes of covariates, and correlations among covariates were explored. The false positive rate (FPR) and power were evaluated.ResultsThe FPR for the FCM approach dramatically increases with number of covariates. The chance of incorrectly selecting ≥1 seemingly clinically relevant covariates can be increased from 5% to a 40–70% range for 10–20 covariates. The SCI approach may provide appropriate control of the family‐wise FPR, allowing more appropriate decision making. As a result, the power detecting real effects without incorrectly identifying non‐existing effects can be greatly improved by the SCI approach compared to the approach in current practice. The performance of the SCI approach is driven by the ratio of sample size to number of covariates. The FPR can be controlled at 5% and 10% using the SCI approach when the ratio was ≥20 and 10, respectively.ConclusionThe FCM approach still lies within the framework of statistical testing, and therefore multiplicity is an issue for this approach. It is imperative to consider multiplicity reporting and adjustments in FCM modelling practice to ensure more appropriate decision making.
Complex association patterns for inflammatory mediators in induced sputum from subjects with asthma
Authors: Hastie A. T. , Steele C. , Dunaway C. W. , Moore W. C. , Rector B. M. , Ampleford E. , Li H. , Denlinger L. C. , Jarjour N. , Meyers D. A. , Bleecker E. R. ,   NHLBI Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP)
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe release of various inflammatory mediators into the bronchial lumen is thought to reflect both the type and degree of airway inflammation, eosinophilic Th2, and Th9, or neutrophilic Th1, and Th17, in patients with asthma.AimsWe investigated whether cytokines and chemokines differed in sputum from subjects with more severe compared with milder asthma and whether unbiased factor analysis of cytokine and chemokine groupings indicates specific inflammatory pathways.MethodsCell‐free supernatants from induced sputum were obtained from subjects with a broad range of asthma severity (n = 158) and assessed using Milliplex® Cytokines/Chemokine kits I, II and III, measuring 75 individual proteins. Each cytokine, chemokine or growth factor concentration was examined for differences between asthma severity groups, for association with leucocyte counts, and by factor analysis.ResultsSevere asthma subjects had 9 increased and 4 decreased proteins compared to mild asthma subjects and fewer differences compared to moderate asthma. Twenty‐six mediators were significantly associated with an increasing single leucocyte type: 16 with neutrophils (3 interleukins [IL], 3 CC chemokines, 4 CXC chemokines, 4 growth factors, TNF‐α and CX3CL1/Fractalkine); 5 with lymphocytes (IL‐7, IL‐16, IL‐23, IFN‐α2 and CCL4/MIP1β); IL‐15 and CCL15/MIP1δ with macrophages; IL‐5 with eosinophils; and IL‐4 and TNFSF10/TRAIL with airway epithelial cells. Factor analysis grouped 43 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors which had no missing data onto the first 10 factors, containing mixes of Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory proteins.ConclusionsSputum cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were increased in severe asthma, primarily with increased neutrophils. Factor analysis identified complex inflammatory protein interactions, suggesting airway inflammation in asthma is characterized by overlapping immune pathways. Thus, focus on a single specific inflammatory mediator or pathway may limit understanding the complexity of inflammation underlying airway changes in asthma and selection of appropriate therapy.