bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overall assessment of the fuel consumption efficiency of the domestic flights in Brazil (Period 2000-2015)
Authors: Emboaba Moreira Mauricio , Guerreiro Fregnani José Alexandre , Harker Kemp , Vrtiska Alexander 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyze the evolution of fuel consumption efficiency of the domestic flights in Brazil along the period 2000-2015 in order understand the overall efficiency of the aeronautical infrastructure in this country.Design/methodology: This article proposes a method for high level assessments of the aeronautical infrastructure efficiency (either on ground or airspace) in a fast and easy to grasp manner, using the key performance indicator of useful distance per flight hour. The method estimates the average flight time spent by the national carriers to accomplish the average stage lengths in each year of the period 2000-2015 and compare these results with the flight time baseline included in the flight planning data of the aircrafts composing the Brazilian commercial aircraft fleet.Findings: This approach leads to huge differences between the referred results and the fuel consumption shown by flight operations manuals and were attributed to the inefficiencies existing in the acknowledged overloaded aeronautical infrastructure (either in the air or on ground) in Brazil. With that it is concluded that there is a potential reduction opportunity of almost 30% in aircraft fuel consumption in domestic flights in Brazil, which has been until the moment almost unconsidered. Thus, government policy-makers and all stakeholders will be able to quantify the impacts and recommend investments in infrastructure in a well-founded way. Furthermore, the return on investments of public funds, which are especially scarce in the developing countries, will be assessed in a simple manner. Under this scope investments and research on Air Traffic Management (ATM) new technologies and flow management techniques are strongly suggested in order to improve airspace operational efficiency.Originality/value: A new and innovative method for high level assessment of the aeronautical infrastructure efficiency.
Fine-Specificity Epitope Analysis Identifies Contact Points on Ricin Toxin Recognized by Protective Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Van Slyke Greta , Angalakurthi Siva Krishna , Toth Ronald T , Vance David J , Rong Yinghui , Ehrbar Dylan , Shi Yuqi , Middaugh C Russell , Volkin David B , Weis David D , Mantis Nicholas J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ricin is a fast-acting protein toxin classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a biothreat agent. In this report, we describe five new mouse mAbs directed against an immunodominant region, so-called epitope cluster II, on the surface of ricin’s ribosome-inactivating enzymatic subunit A (RTA). The five mAbs were tested alongside four previously described cluster II–specific mAbs for their capacity to passively protect mice against 10× LD50 ricin challenge by injection. Only three of the mAbs (LE4, PH12, and TB12) afforded protection over the 7-d study period. Neither binding affinity nor in vitro toxin-neutralizing activity could fully account for LE4, PH12, and TB12’s potent in vivo activity relative to the other six mAbs. However, epitope mapping studies by hydrogen exchange–mass spectrometry revealed that LE4, PH12, and TB12 shared common contact points on RTA corresponding to RTA α-helices D and E and β-strands d and e located on the back side of RTA relative to the active site. The other six mAbs recognized overlapping epitopes on RTA, but none shared the same hydrogen exchange–mass spectrometry profile as LE4, PH12, and TB12. A high-density competition ELISA with a panel of ricin-specific, single-domain camelid Abs indicated that even though LE4, PH12, and TB12 make contact with similar secondary motifs, they likely approach RTA from different angles. These results underscore how subtle differences in epitope specificity can significantly impact Ab functionality in vivo.
Living in the Borderlands: A Postcolonial Reading of Nerdeen Abu-Nab’ah’s Oh, Allah, I Delivered a Female Child
Authors: Neimneh Shadi S. , B. Al-Sheik Hasan Abdullah , F. Al-Badarneh Abdullah , Badran Asma H. 
Published: September 2018

Within a postcolonial theoretical framework, this article highlights the political struggles and cultural displacement of Palestinians using a recent novel published in 2013 and entitled (Oh, Allah, I Delivered a Female Child) by (Nerdeen Abu-Nab’ah). It investigates the meaning of living in the borderlands and the effects of double consciousness on the main characters/narrators: Abbas, his brother Abu-Raja, and his daughter, Miriam, who visits Gaza strip in Palestine for the first time in her life. The analysis shows that Abu-Nab’ah strongly believes in such idea as the borderlands being the place most Palestinians inhabit physically and symbolically inside and outside their homeland because of the oppression and discrimination they face. The article examines the complicated interrelationships among ideas of dislocation/exile, the (in)visible borderlands, and double consciousness by applying the theories of Gloria Anzaldúa, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Homi Bhabha. Moreover, it interrogates the role of memory in reconstructing a national story about resistance and exile while simultaneously endorsing the role of women in documenting national loss and revolution. The result is a tale of cultural resistance against dislocation and exile and an articulation of the predicament of being a stranger within one’s country and abroad.
Electrophilic Bromolactonization of Cyclopropyl Diesters Using Lewis Basic Chalcogenide Catalysts
Authors: Gieuw Matthew H. , Leung Vincent Ming‐Yau , Ke Zhihai , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective electrophilic bromolactonization of cyclopropylmethyl diesters using triphenylphosphine sulfide (Ph3PS) or diphenyl selenide (Ph2Se) as the Lewis basic chalcogenide catalyst has been developed. It was observed that Ph3PS favored the formation of anti‐diastereomer and yielded the multi‐functional γ‐lactones. Interestingly, the diastereoselectivity was reversed when using Ph2Se as a catalyst where the syn‐product instead of the anti‐product was favored.magnified image
Recovery of Furfural and Acetic Acid from Wood Hydrolysates in Biotechnological Downstream Processing
Authors: Galeotti Nadia , Jirasek Fabian , Burger Jakob , Hasse Hans 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWood hydrolysates contain sugars that can be used as feedstock in fermentation processes. For that purpose, the hydrolysate must be concentrated and inhibitors that harm fermentation must be removed. Herein, the integration of these tasks with the recovery of inhibitors is studied. The wood hydrolysate is represented as a mixture of water, xylose, acetic acid, and furfural. Acetic acid and furfural are two frequently occurring inhibitors and valuable chemicals, and thus, their recovery is studied. Furfural is recovered from the vapors by heteroazeotropic distillation. It is shown that this can be achieved without additional energy. The recovery of acetic acid by distillation is also possible, but not attractive. The new process is simulated by using a thermodynamic model based on experimental data.
Structure‐Controllable Binary Nanoporous‐Silicon/Antimony Alloy as Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yuan Chao , Liu Shuai , Yang Yinghui , Yu Mengchun , Tian Yuan , Wang Junzhang , Bian Xiufang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA binary nanoporous‐SixSb alloy is prepared successfully as electrode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) by a one‐step chemical dealloying method. The sample morphology can be controlled by adjusting the content of Al and the molar ratio of Si and Sb in the alloy precursors. Structural and morphological characterizations reveal the presence of uniformly‐distributed nanopores which can effectively accommodate the volume change and provide massive diffusion channels for Li‐ions during charging/discharging. Electrochemical experiments show that the nanoporous Si15Sb15 (np‐Si15Sb15) anode can deliver excellent performance with a specific capacity of 647.40 mAh g−1 after 90 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. This simple approach may be further extended to the design of novel nanoporous materials, providing a guideline for mass production of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage devices.
Formation of a Flower‐Like Co−Mo−S on Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite on Nickel Foam with Enhanced Electrochemical Capacitive Properties
Authors: Yang Jing , Xuan Haicheng , Yang Guohui , Liang Ting , Han Xiaokun , Gao Jinhong , Xu Yuekui , Xie Zhigao , Han Peide , Wang Dunhui , Du Youwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransition metal sulfides have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors. Herein, we prepared a Co3S4/CoMo2S4 (Co−Mo−S) composite on reduced graphene oxide/Ni foam (RGO/NF) with unique flower‐like morphology through a carefully time‐controlled sulfurization process. It was found that the vulcanization time has a great influence on the morphology and electrochemical properties of the composites. After 3 hours of vulcanization, the as‐prepared Co3S4/CoMo2S4@RGO/NF electrode exhibited a superior specific capacitance of 2530.4 F  g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, as well as excellent cycling stability with 78.8 % retention of the initial capacitance even after 6,000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g−1. An asymmetric device was assembled employing the Co3S4/CoMo2S4@RGO/NF composite as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode. The device delivered a maximum energy density of 59.0 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 640 W kg−1 and a high cycling performance (90.7 % capacitance retention after 6,000 cycles). These results demonstrate the promising potential of Co−Mo−S@RGO/NF as binder‐free, high‐performance electrode in renewable energy storage systems.
Integration of Results from the Energy System Development Plan into Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Thonemann Nils , Maga Daniel , Petermann Cornelia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDecarbonization of electricity generation is crucial especially for energy‐intensive technologies such as steel mill gas‐based methanol production. The Energy System Development Plan is able to forecast the contribution of electricity producers to the power mix in a quarter‐hourly resolution. Integration of this forecasts in life cycle assessment enables to prospectively assess the impact on climate change of steel mill gas‐based methanol production. The analysis shows that if using power in hours with a high share of renewable energy, the global warming impact of steel mill gas‐based methanol production can be lowered.
MetScore: Site of Metabolism Prediction Beyond Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
Authors: Finkelmann Arndt R. , Goldmann Daria , Schneider Gisbert , Göller Andreas H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe metabolism of xenobiotics by humans and other organisms is a complex process involving numerous enzymes that catalyze phase I (functionalization) and phase II (conjugation) reactions. Herein we introduce MetScore, a machine learning model that can predict both phase I and phase II reaction sites of drugs in a single prediction run. We developed cheminformatics workflows to filter and process reactions to obtain suitable phase I and phase II data sets for model training. Employing a recently developed molecular representation based on quantum chemical partial charges, we constructed random forest machine learning models for phase I and phase II reactions. After combining these models with our previous cytochrome P450 model and calibrating the combination against Bayer in‐house data, we obtained the MetScore model that shows good performance, with Matthews correlation coefficients of 0.61 and 0.76 for diverse phase I and phase II reaction types, respectively. We validated its potential applicability to lead optimization campaigns for a new and independent data set compiled from recent publications. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of quantum‐chemistry‐derived molecular representations for reactivity prediction.
An interior design exhibition: An assessment of color scheme preferences and the emotional states of students
Authors: Uluçay Nilay Özsavaş 
Published: September 2018

AbstractColor is an essential factor for perceiving objects and their interaction. There are many alternatives to color selection in interior design. Colors can be selected according to a user, physical characteristics of the space or a concept. In this context, research has been conducted on the interior color scheme preferences and emotional states with university students. It contains the findings obtained during an interior design exhibition, which was organized at the interior design department of the university. This exhibition was organized for sampling interior color information, selection methods, and using forms. For the exhibition, to be able to observe the changes in the perception of space and the effects of the color, the visuals were arranged according to different color selection methods in the same space. A survey was conducted during the exhibition to examine color scheme preferences and the relation with emotional states of students on interior designs. In the survey, students were asked whether they would prefer or not each interior space and which emotional state is expressed for each visual separately. The statistical analysis was made, and according to the answers given in the survey, comparative results appeared. It is concluded that the students who participate in the survey have meaningful relationships on the spatial color preferences, and differences are determined in emotional states.
In vitro evaluation of anti‐fibrotic effects of select cytokines for vocal fold scar treatment
Authors: Chen Hongyu , Erndt‐Marino Josh , Diaz‐Rodriguez Patricia , Kulwatno Jonathan , Jimenez‐Vergara Andrea C. , Thibeault Susan L , Hahn Mariah S. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTScarring of the vocal fold lamina propria (LP) can cause considerable voice disorders due to reduced pliability in scar tissue, attributed in part to abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition produced by the fibrotic vocal fold fibroblast (fVFF). Cytokines with anti‐fibrotic potential have been investigated to limit abnormal LP ECM, but are limited by the need for repeat injections. Moreover, the potentially significant role played by activated macrophages (AMOs) is usually not considered even though the interaction between AMO and fibrotic fibroblasts is known to regulate scar formation across different tissues. AMO are also regulated by cytokines that are used for LP scar removal, but little is known about AMO behaviors in response to these cytokines within the context of LP scar. In the present study, we evaluated anti‐fibrotic effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in a 3D, in vitro fVFF‐AMO co‐culture system using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels. Data from all cytokines was synthesized into a heat‐map that enabled assessment of specific associations between AMO and fVFF phenotypes. Cumulatively, our results indicated that both HGF and IL‐10 are potentially anti‐fibrotic (reduction in fibrotic markers and enhancement in normal, anti‐fibrotic VFF markers), while IL‐6 displays more complex, marker specific effects. Possible associations between AMO and fVFF phenotypes were found and may highlight a potential desirable macrophage phenotype. These data support the therapeutic potential of HGF and IL‐10 for LP scar treatment, and shed light on future strategies aimed at targeting specific AMO phenotypes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1056–1067, 2019.
Implementing safety hotlines: Stamford Health's experience and future opportunities
Authors: Cardiello Ruth , Johnston Sally , Kiely Sharon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImproving safety event reporting has been a focus of increased study. Improved opportunities for patient and family safety event reporting have been described in the literature. Consistent with the organization's patient‐centered care philosophy, we launched a safety hotline at Stamford Health. This article describes the process of implementation, vendor selection, understanding initial results, and areas for further study.
Fostering medical students’ lifelong learning skills with a&nbsp;dashboard, coaching and learning planning
Authors: Hauer Karen E. , Iverson Nicholas , Quach Alekist , Yuan Patrick , Kaner Stephanie , Boscardin Christy 
Published: September 2018

Introduction To develop lifelong learning skills, students need feedback, access to performance data, and coaching. A new medical curriculum incorporated infrastructural supports based on self-regulated learning theory and the Master Adaptive Learner framework to engage students in reflection and learning planning. This study examines students’ experience with a performance dashboard, longitudinal coaching, and structured time for goal-setting.
Methods Focus groups with first-year medical students explored performance dashboard usage, coaching and learning planning. We analyzed findings using thematic analysis. Results informed development of a 29-item survey rated strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5) to investigate experience with the dashboard, coaching and learning goals program. The survey was distributed to one first-year medical student class. We performed descriptive statistics and factor analysis.
Results In three focus groups with 21 participants, students endorsed using the dashboard to access performance information but had trouble interpreting and integrating information. They valued coaches as sources of advice but varied in their perceptions of the value of discussing learning planning. Of 152 students, 114 (75%) completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 5 factors explaining 57% of the variance: learning goals development (α = 0.88; mean 3.25 (standard deviation 0.91)), dashboard usage (α = 0.82; 3.36 (0.64)), coaching (α = 0.71; 3.72 (0.64)), employment of learning strategies (α = 0.81; 3.67 (0.79)), and reflection (α = 0.63; 3.68 (0.64)).
Discussion The student performance dashboard provides efficient feedback access, yet students’ use of this information to guide learning is variable.
Abnormal Integrity of White Matter Tracts in Acute Lacunar Stroke Patients
Authors: Zhu Yifei , He Yana , von Deneen Karen M. , Zhang Ming 
Published: September 2018

Background/Study Concept: Acute lacunar stroke (Als) plays a role in death/disability worldwide. Aphasia refers to chronic difficulty with communication in >20% of patients post stroke. We describe pathophysiological features of white matter (WM) abnormalities and their relationship between WM changes and aphasia quotient (AQ) scores in Als.Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired in 37 Als patients and 28 healthy controls. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and correlation analyses were used.Results: Consistent with the hypothesis, Als had decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity in the genu, body and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and corona radiata in the bilateral hemisphere. Reduced FA of SLF was correlated with AQ scores in Als patients.Conclusion: It is hoped that TBSS could shed new insights into aphasia mechanisms in Als to help promote aging-related disease studies.
“Those were the hungry years”: A glimpse of Coastal Afro-Balochi
Authors: KORN AGNES , NOURZAEI MARYAM 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to describe the morphosyntactic properties of Iranian Coastal Balochi as spoken by the Afro-Balochi community. The Afro-Baloch have completely switched to Balochi and there are no traces of African languages in their speech. However, in comparison with other Balochi dialects of Iran on the one hand, and with Coastal Balochi dialects of Pakistan on other, Afro-Balochi shows archaic characteristics, particularly in its case system, in the demonstrative pronouns and in the alignment features. This might be due to the persisting social segregation of the Afro-Baloch and their limited access to education and media, resulting in reduced contact with the languages and dialects outside of their community.
Laboratory astrochemistry: catalytic reactions of organic molecules over olivine-type silicates and SiC
Authors: Li Qian , Liu B. S. , Sarre P. J. , Cheung A. S-C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of catalytic reactions has been performed in our laboratory using olivine-type silicates (OTS) and SiC as catalysts for the conversion of carbon-containing molecules (such as acetylene, CO and methanol) to small organic molecules (C2H4, C3H3, CH3O) and also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Experimentally, small-to-medium-sized gas-phase compounds such as PAHs, reaction intermediates and hydrocarbon compounds were detected in situ using the time-of-light mass-spectrometry technique. Solid deposition on the catalyst surface was examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis techniques. Our laboratory results show that the conversion of acetylene to PAHs, the CO disproportionation reaction for producing CO2 and carbon deposition (graphitic and carbon nanostructures), and also the transformation of methanol to hydrocarbon compounds can easily be achieved with OTS as a catalyst. Furthermore, the conversion of acetylene to PAHs could also be achieved by SiC as the catalyst. It is proposed that these catalytic reactions mimic similar chemical processes in circumstellar envelopes (CSEs).
Photodissociation processes of Bisanthenquinone cation
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhen Junfeng , Wang Ying , Linnartz Harold , Tielens Alexander G. G. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA systematic study, using ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry, is presented for the photo-dissociation processes of Bisanthenquinone (Bq) cations, C28H12O2+, a ketone substituted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH). The Bq cation fragments through sequential loss of the two neutral carbonyl (CO) units upon laser (626nm) irradiation, resulting in a PAH-like derivative C26H12+. Upon further irradiation, C26H12+ exhibits both stepwise dehydrogenation and C2/C2H2 loss fragmentation channels. Quantum chemistry calculations reveal a detailed picture for the first CO-loss, which involves a transition state with a barrier of ∼ 3.4 eV, which is lower than the energy required for the lowest H-loss pathway (∼ 5.0 eV). The barrier for the second CO-loss is higher (∼ 4.9 eV). The subsequent loss of this unit changes the Bq geometry from a planar to a bent one. It is concluded that the photodissociation mechanism of the substituted PAH cations studied here is site selective in the substituted subunit. This work also shows that an acetone substituted PAH cation is not photo-stable upon irradiation.