bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Matching for Sharing and Linearity Analysis
Authors: AMATO GIANLUCA , SCOZZARI FRANCESCA 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStatic analysis of logic programs by abstract interpretation requires designing abstract operators which mimic the concrete ones, such as unification, renaming, and projection. In the case of goal-driven analysis, where goal-dependent semantics are used, we also need a backward-unification operator, typically implemented through matching. In this paper, we study the problem of deriving optimal abstract matching operators for sharing and linearity properties. We provide an optimal operator for matching in the domain
$\mathtt{ShLin}^{\omega }$
, which can be easily instantiated to derive optimal operators for the domains
$\mathtt{ShLin}^2$
by Andy King and the reduced product
$\mathtt{Sharing} \times \mathtt{Lin}$
.
First Meteor Radar Observations of Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over Yinchuan (38.8°N, 106.8°E), China
Authors: Zhang Shaodong , Guan Yuting , Gong Yun , Ma Zheng , Huang Chunming , Huang Kaiming , Luo Jiahui , Huang Hualong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy using the WHU‐YC meteor radar observations (2019.11–2021.10) in Yinchuan (38.8°N, 106.8°E), we studied the winds, tides, and gravity waves (GWs) in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) over northwestern China for the first time. Distinct annual and semi‐annual oscillations (AO and SAO) appeared in the background winds, showed maximum and minimum in summer (∼40 m/s) and spring (∼−14 m/s), respectively, and exhibited wind shear in summer and winter. Affected by the background winds, GW activity similarly exhibited AO, with maximum kinetic energy density (KED) in May (∼4.0 × 10−3 J/m³). KEDs consistently declined with altitude, indicating severe GW dissipation in the MLT. GW's momentum fluxes (MFs) are predominantly positive below ∼88 km and reverse negative above. MFs reached ∼10−4 J/m³ in summer and autumn, while weaker in winter and spring. The GW drag reached ∼443.8 m/s/d in zonal, closely correlated with the tendency, highlighting the substantial GW impact on the mean flow. The intense GW activities here approached some hot spots, possibly due to Yinchuan's characteristic topography, resulting in more terrain‐excited GWs. Despite no discernible seasonal variation in GW's intermittency, the Gini coefficient steadily increased with altitude, implying GWs upward with smaller MF are easier to dissipate. The diurnal tide (DT) significantly modulated GWs at almost all heights. Despite comparable amplitudes of the semidiurnal tide (SDT) to DT, the weaker SDT modulation only concentrated in 84–86 km because of its longer vertical wavelength, emphasizing tides' vertical wavelengths are crucial parameters in GW's modulation.
The Relationship Between Indian Ocean Subtropical Mode Water Variability and Ocean Temperature Structure
Authors: Adiwira H. , Suga T. , Richards K. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs one of the least studied mode waters, the role of the Indian Ocean Subtropical Mode Water (IOSTMW) in influencing the ocean and atmosphere as it is advected in the subsurface remains poorly understood. Taking advantage of the rapid increase of Argo data over the past decade, this study compares the ocean temperature structure during periods of thick and thin IOSTMW. The results indicate notable differences in both temperature and stratification linked to variations in IOSTMW thickness. In terms of temperature, the following phenomena are observed when the IOSTMW is thick: (a) the layer above the IOSTMW experiences colder temperatures, whereas warmer temperatures occur below it; (b) isotherms above the IOSTMW shoal, whereas those below it deepen. As for the stratification, a negative correlation is observed between IOSTMW thickness and stratification at depths between 100 and 300 dbar, suggesting that the presence of thick IOSTMW weakens the stratification within this depth range. Conversely, a positive correlation is observed around 400 dbar, suggesting that thick IOSTMW tends to coincide with a deeper main thermocline. Notably, regions near the Agulhas Current exhibit contrasting characteristics compared to other regions within the study area, indicating the potential impacts of the Agulhas Current meander on ocean temperature structure and the distribution of the IOSTMW. An intriguing question for future studies is how variations in IOSTMW thickness contribute to marine heatwave occurrences and influence atmospheric conditions.
Weakened Aerosol‐PBL Interactions Enhance Future Air Quality Benefits Under Carbon Neutrality in China: Insights From the Advanced Variable‐Resolution Global Model
Authors: Yue Man , Liu Yawen , Wang Minghuai , Dong Xinyi , Emmons Louisa K. , Liang Yuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChina's pursuing the carbon neutrality goal could affect future air quality not only by reducing anthropogenic emissions but also by modulating aerosol‐planetary boundary layer (PBL) interactions. However, contributions of aerosol‐PBL interactions to future air quality benefits remain unclear. Here we conduct ensemble experiments using the variable‐resolution (VR) Community Atmosphere Model with full chemistry based on the scalable spectral element (SE) dynamical core with East Asia refined to ∼28 km (SE_VR). Additional simulations at a uniform resolution of ∼111 km (SE_UR) are conducted to help demonstrate SE_VR's advantages in projecting future air quality. Results of SE_VR show that the mean PM2.5 concentrations in China would drop to below 10 μg/m3, especially in Sichuan Basin (SCB) where the frequencies of moderate and severe air pollution events are predicted to decrease from 60.7% and 11.3% to nearly zero respectively when achieving carbon neutrality. The aerosol‐PBL interactions would be substantially weakened with anthropogenic emission reductions. At SCB and Eastern China (EC), the weakened radiative effects of black carbon (BC) would contribute 34.3% and 71.6% to the increase in PBL height (PBLH). Consequently, these weakened BC‐PBL interactions reduce the surface PM2.5 concentrations by 16.1 μg/m3 (18.9%) in SCB and 4.6 μg/m3 (16.4%) in EC. Notably, SE_VR outperforms SE_UR in projecting the frequency decrease of future air pollution events for its better reproducing current levels, particularly those caused by BC aerosols. This study highlights the importance of weakened aerosol‐PBL feedbacks on future air quality improvement and demonstrates the added values of variable‐resolution global models in air quality projections.
Projections and Physical Drivers of Extreme Precipitation in Greenland & Baffin Bay
Authors: Loeb Nicole A. , Crawford Alex , Herrington Adam , McCrystall Michelle , Stroeve Julienne , Hanesiak John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtreme precipitation events can have substantial impacts on communities and the climate system in the warming Arctic, but their changes are not well understood. In this study, the characteristics of extreme precipitation days in the eastern Canadian Arctic and Greenland are examined in historical (1980–1999) and future (2080–2099, SSP5‐8.5) variable‐resolution Community Earth System Model simulations. Comparisons between the simulations illustrate potential changes in the frequency and intensity of these events in the region. Extreme precipitation is expected to increase broadly across the region. The frequency of the most intense daily precipitation rates is projected to rise, particularly in the northernmost areas. The seasonality of extremes does not shift substantially in the future simulation with most areas receiving the highest accumulations and increases during the summer. However, southeastern Greenland is projected to see decreases in extreme precipitation. Algorithms detecting atmospheric rivers and cyclones are employed to assess how their changes may factor into changes in extreme precipitation. Cyclone frequency remains largely consistent with slight decreases near southeastern Greenland, which may explain decreased extreme precipitation seen in the region. Atmospheric rivers are projected to become more frequent across the domain, largely during the summer. Although the majority of the region's extreme precipitation is associated with cyclones, this suggests that atmospheric rivers become more important in a warming climate. These results provide insight into potential changes in impactful precipitation events in the region and how the processes driving them may change.
Topological protection of optical skyrmions through complex media
Authors: Wang An Aloysius , Zhao Zimo , Ma Yifei , Cai Yuxi , Zhang Runchen , Shang Xiaoyi , Zhang Yunqi , Qin Ji , Pong Zhi-Kai , Marozsák Tádé , Chen Binguo , He Honghui , Luo Lin , Booth Martin J. , Elston Steve J. , Morris Stephen M. , He Chao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptical Skyrmions have many important properties that make them ideal units for high-density data applications, including the ability to carry digital information through a discrete topological number and the independence of spatially varying polarization to other dimensions. More importantly, the topological nature of the optical Skyrmion heuristically suggests a strong degree of robustness to perturbations, which is crucial for reliably carrying information in noisy environments. However, the study of the topological robustness of optical Skyrmions is still in its infancy. Here, we quantify this robustness precisely by proving that the topological nature of the Skyrmion arises from its structure on the boundary and, by duality, is resilient to spatially varying perturbations provided they respect the relevant boundary conditions of the unperturbed Skyrmion. We then present experimental evidence validating this robustness in the context of paraxial Skyrmion beams against complex polarization aberrations. Our work provides a framework for handling various perturbations of Skyrmion fields and offers guarantees of robustness in a general sense. This, in turn, has implications for applications of the Skyrmion where their topological nature is exploited explicitly, and, in particular, provides an underpinning for the use of optical Skyrmions in communications and computing.
Single-cell electro-mechanical shear flow deformability cytometry
Authors: Chen Junyu , Zou Xueping , Spencer Daniel C. , Morgan Hywel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe complex structural and molecular features of a cell lead to a set of specific dielectric and mechanical properties which can serve as intrinsic phenotypic markers that enable different cell populations to be characterised and distinguished. We have developed a microfluidic technique that exploits non-contact shear flow deformability cytometry to simultaneously characterise both the electrical and mechanical properties of single cells at high speed. Cells flow along a microchannel and are deformed (elongated) to different degrees by the shear force created by a viscoelastic fluid and channel wall. The electrical impedance of each cell is measured using sets of integrated microelectrodes along two orthogonal axes to determine the shape change and thus the electrical deformability, together with cell dielectric properties. The system performance was evaluated by measuring the electro-mechanical properties of cells treated in different ways, including osmotic shock, glutaraldehyde cross-linking and cytoskeletal disruption with Cytochalasin D and Latrunculin B. To confirm the accuracy of the system images of deformed cells were also captured using a camera. Correlation between the optical deformability and the electrical deformability is excellent. This novel cytometer has a throughput of ~100 cells s—1 is simple, does not use sheath flow or require high speed optical imaging.
Remolding the tumor microenvironment by bacteria augments adoptive T cell therapy in advanced-stage solid tumors
Authors: Zhu Chaojie , Liu Chao , Wu Qing , Sheng Tao , Zhou Ruyi , Ren En , Zhang Ruizhe , Zhao Zhengjie , Shi Jiaqi , Shen Xinyuan , Sun Zhongquan , Mao Zhengwei , He Kaixin , Zhang Lingxiao , Ding Yuan , Gu Zhen , Wang Weilin , Li Hongjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intricate tumor microenvironment presents formidable obstacles to the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy in the management of solid tumors by limiting the infiltration and inducing exhaustion of the transferred T cells. Here, we developed a bacterial-based adjuvant approach that augments the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapy for solid tumor treatment. Our study reveals that intratumor injection of E. coli MG1655 normalizes tumor vasculatures and reprograms tumor-associated macrophages into M1 phenotype that produce abundant CCL5, together facilitating tumor infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells. The depletion of tumor-associated macrophages or CCL5 neutralization in vivo leads to the significantly decreased solid tumor infiltration of adoptive T cells in the presence of bacteriotherapy. This combinatorial therapy, consisting of E. coli adjuvant and adoptive T-cell therapy, effectively eradicates early-stage melanoma and inhibits the progression of pancreatic tumors. Notably, this dual strategy also strengthened the distal tumor control capabilities of adoptive T-cell therapy through the induction of in situ tumor vaccination. This dual therapeutic approach involving bacterial therapy targeting the interior of solid tumors and adoptive T-cell therapy attacking the tumor periphery exhibits potent therapeutic efficacy in achieving the eradication of advanced-stage tumors, including melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, by converging attacks from both inside and outside the tumor tissues.
Neoadjuvant oncolytic virus orienx010 and toripalimab in resectable acral melanoma: a phase Ib trial
Authors: Liu Jiayong , Wang Xuan , Li Zhongwu , Gao Shunyu , Mao Lili , Dai Jie , Li Caili , Cui Chuanliang , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Lai Yumei , Tan Zhichao , Lian Bin , Tang Bixia , Yan Xieqiao , Li Siming , Zhou Li , Wei Xiaoting , Li Juan , Guo Jun , Si Lu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitor is promising in cutaneous melanoma but remains unknown in acral melanoma (AM). This phase Ib trial study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04197882) assessed the efficacy and safety of the combination of neoadjuvant oncolytic virus orienX010 (ori) and anti-PD-1 toripalimab (tori) for resectable AM. Thirty patients of stage III/IV received neoadjuvant therapy of ori and tori for 12 weeks before surgery, followed by adjuvant treatment with tori for 1 year. Primary endpoints were radiographic and pathological response rates, with secondary endpoints of 1- and 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates, event-free survival (EFS) rates, and safety. Twenty-seven completed surgery and tori adjuvant treatment and median follow-up was 35.7 months. Radiographic and pathological response rates were 36.7% and 77.8%, with complete response rates of 3.3% and 14.8%, 1- and 2-year RFS rates of 85.2% and 81.5%, and 1- and 2-year EFS rates of 83% and 73%, respectively. Adverse events occurred in all patients, mainly grade 1–2. There was no correlation between PET/CT evaluation and pathological response or progression-free survival/overall survival. Patients with pathological response showed tumor beds with high tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Cytokines and chemokines analysis showed the combination therapy significantly increases the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in both responders and non-responders. Therefore, neoadjuvant ori and tori demonstrated promising antitumor activity with high response rates and high 2-year RFS/EFS for AM with acceptable tolerability.
Neuroprotective effect of L-DOPA-induced interleukin-13 on striatonigral degeneration in cerebral ischemia
Authors: Jeon Eunhae , Seo Myeong-Seong , Lkhagva-Yondon Enkhmaa , Lim Yu-Ree , Kim Seung-Woo , Kang Yu Jeong , Lee Jun Seok , Lee Byoung Dae , Wi Rayul , Won So-Yoon , Chung Young Cheul , Park Eun S. , Kim Eunhee , Jin Byung Kwan , Jeon Myung-Shin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLevodopa (L-DOPA) treatment is a clinically effective strategy for improving motor function in patients with ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms by which modulating the dopamine system relieves the pathology of the ischemic brain remain unclear. Emerging evidence from an experimental mouse model of ischemic stroke, established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), suggested that L-DOPA has the potential to modulate the inflammatory and immune response that occurs during a stroke. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of L-DOPA in regulating the systemic immune response and improving functional deficits in mice with ischemia. Transient MCAO led to progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons and significant rotational behavior in mice. Exogenous L-DOPA treatment attenuated the striatonigral degeneration and reversed motor behavioral impairment. Notably, treatment with L-DOPA significantly increased IL-13 but reduced IFN-γ in infarct lesions. To investigate the role of IL-13 in motor behavior, we stereotaxically injected anti-IL-13 antibodies into the infarct area of the mouse brain one week after MCAO, followed by L-DOPA treatment. The intervention reduced dopamine, IL-13, and IL-10 levels and exacerbated motor function. IL-13 is potentially expressed on CD4 T cells, while IL-10 is mainly expressed on microglia rather than astrocytes. Finally, IL-13 activates the phagocytosis of microglia, which may contribute to neuroprotection by eliminating degenerating neurons. Our study provides evidence that the L-DOPA-activated dopamine system modulates peripheral immune cells, resulting in the expression of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective cytokines in mice with ischemic stroke.
Two-gigapascal-strong ductile soft magnets
Authors: Han Liuliu , Peter Nicolas J. , Maccari Fernando , Kovács András , Wang Jin , Zhang Yixuan , Xie Ruiwen , Wu Yuxiang , Schwaiger Ruth , Zhang Hongbin , Li Zhiming , Gutfleisch Oliver , Dunin-Borkowski Rafal E. , Raabe Dierk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoft magnetic materials (SMMs) are indispensable for electromechanical energy conversion in high-efficiency applications, but they are exposed to increasing mechanical loading conditions in electric motors due to higher rotational speeds. Enhancing the yield strength of SMMs is essential to prevent the degradation in magnetic performance and failure from plastic deformation, yet most SMMs have yield strengths far below one gigapascal. Here, we present a multicomponent nanostructuring strategy that doubles the yield strength of SMMs while maintaining ductility. We introduce morphologically anisotropic nanoprecipitates through dislocation-driven precipitation induced by preceding deformation during heat treatment in an iron–nickel–cobalt–tantalum material. With all dimensions of the precipitates below the magnetic domain wall width, we achieve a high precipitate number density with a large specific surface area, small interprecipitate spacing, and high lattice mismatch, which impede dislocation glide and strengthen the material. Both the matrix and precipitates are ferromagnetic, yielding a high magnetic moment. This nanostructuring approach offers a pathway to two-gigapascal-strong ductile SMMs with moderately increased coercivity that can be tolerated in exchange for significantly improved mechanical performance for sustainable electrification.
A green solvent enables precursor phase engineering of stable formamidinium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells
Authors: Gallant Benjamin M. , Holzhey Philippe , Smith Joel A. , Choudhary Saqlain , Elmestekawy Karim A. , Caprioglio Pietro , Levine Igal , Sheader Alexandra A. , Hung Esther Y-H. , Yang Fengning , Toolan Daniel T. W. , Kilbride Rachel C. , Zaininger Karl-Augustin , Ball James M. , Christoforo M. Greyson , Noel Nakita K. , Herz Laura M. , Kubicki Dominik J. , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer an efficient, inexpensive alternative to current photovoltaic technologies, with the potential for manufacture via high-throughput coating methods. However, challenges for commercial-scale solution-processing of metal-halide perovskites include the use of harmful solvents, the expense of maintaining controlled atmospheric conditions, and the inherent instabilities of PSCs under operation. Here, we address these challenges by introducing a high volatility, low toxicity, biorenewable solvent system to fabricate a range of 2D perovskites, which we use as highly effective precursor phases for subsequent transformation to α-formamidinium lead triiodide (α-FAPbI3), fully processed under ambient conditions. PSCs utilising our α-FAPbI3 reproducibly show remarkable stability under illumination and elevated temperature (ISOS-L-2) and “damp heat” (ISOS-D-3) stressing, surpassing other state-of-the-art perovskite compositions. We determine that this enhancement is a consequence of the 2D precursor phase crystallisation route, which simultaneously avoids retention of residual low-volatility solvents (such as DMF and DMSO) and reduces the rate of degradation of FA+ in the material. Our findings highlight both the critical role of the initial crystallisation process in determining the operational stability of perovskite materials, and that neat FA+-based perovskites can be competitively stable despite the inherent metastability of the α-phase.
CO2-promoted photocatalytic aryl migration from nitrogen to carbon for switchable transformation of N-arylpropiolamides
Authors: Liu Ge , Ma Denghui , Zhang Jianchen , Yang Fanyuanhang , Gao Yuzhen , Su Weiping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic N-to-C aryl migration allows for quick construction of highly useful amide derivatives from readily available compounds. By developing the reactions of sodium sulfinates with the N-aryl-propiolamides, we herein demonstrate that the CO2-promoted visible-light-induced method enables a large variety of aryl groups on nitrogen atoms of the N-arylamides to undergo efficient aryl migration from N atom to C atom to synthesize tetra- and tri-substituted alkenyl amides selectively. 1,4-N-to-C aryl migration is a key step in this transformation which is achieved through photocatalytic radical-polar crossover pathway. The protocol exhibits the remarkably tolerant of the electronic properties of the migrating aryl substituent, as both electron-rich and -poor arenes are compatible with the migration process. As a result, this protocol features with a broad substrate scope, as demonstrated by more than 90 examples including complex bioactive compounds. Notably, abundant, nontoxic and low-cost CO2 acted as an essential and irreplaceable additive to enable the tetra- and tri-substituted alkenyl amides to be synthesized with excellent selectivity.