bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blockchain initiatives and implementation
Authors: Mundra Sonia 
Published: October 2018

All professionals should consider the use of blockchain as a new and exciting arrow in their quiver when it comes to program risk management. In fact, even recently as several months ago, The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), published a draft paper discussing and defining blockchain and its role in security. Traditional program structuring and deployment will not work well for blockchain technology. When we implement a new technology, we need to understand first what it is, potential use cases such as tracking the provenance and transfer of a digital asset, what we hope to accomplish, and then how we can implement to reduce the most risk to the organization. This includes determining if blockchain encryption is a good fit for the assets (using a flowchart), determining if the organization is ready for the change (change management) and the role of training as bookends to the program (first initial training, then development of SOPs and user training once the blockchain has been deployed). This paper discusses how to reduce risk to the organization, as a poorly-planned implementation can create turmoil and waste lots of time and money including a loose structure that can be applied as a baseline and then customized based on the needs of the organization.
Beam-Background Tests with TOTEM Roman Pot Detectors at the LHC Injection Energy
Authors: Kašpar Jan 
Published: October 2018

With the aim of measuring the total cross-section and the ρ parameter, TOTEM has performed tests of beam conditions at the LHC injection energy of s = 900 GeV . The tests have revealed complications in setting up the LHC collimators to minimise the background observed in the Roman Pot (RP) detectors, summarised in this article. In two tests a subset of the RPs was exposed to background compatible with the physics requirements. If no improvement of the collimation strategy is found, it is shown that a small retraction of the RPs can significantly reduce the observed background level.
Evidence against Anomalous Compositions for Giants in the Galactic Nuclear Star Cluster
Authors: Thorsbro B. , Ryde N. , Schultheis M. , Hartman H. , Rich R. M. , Lomaeva M. , Origlia L. , Jönsson H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Very strong Sc i lines have recently been found in cool M giants in the Nuclear Star Cluster (NSC) in the Galactic center. Interpreting these as anomalously high scandium abundances in the Galactic center would imply a unique enhancement signature and chemical evolution history for NSCs, and a potential test for models of chemical enrichment in these objects. We present high resolution K-band spectra (NIRSPEC/Keck II) of cool M giants situated in the solar neighborhood and compare them with spectra of M giants in the NSC. We clearly identify strong Sc i lines in our solar neighborhood sample as well as in the NSC sample. The strong Sc i lines in M giants are therefore not unique to stars in the NSC and we argue that the strong lines are a property of the line formation process that currently escapes accurate theoretical modeling. We further conclude that for giant stars with effective temperatures below approximately 3800 K these Sc i lines should not be used for deriving the scandium abundances in any astrophysical environment until we better understand how these lines are formed. We also discuss the lines of vanadium, titanium, and yttrium identified in the spectra, which demonstrate a similar striking increase in strength below 3500 K effective temperature.
Threshold Radii of Volatile-rich Planets
Authors: Lozovsky M. , Helled R. , Dorn C. , Venturini J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Constraining the planetary composition is essential for exoplanetary characterization. In this paper, we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum (threshold) radii for various compositions for exoplanets with masses up to 25 Earth masses (M
⊕). We confirm that most planets with radii larger than 1.6 Earth radii (R
⊕) are not rocky, and must consist of lighter elements, as found by previous studies. We find that planets with radii above 2.6 R
⊕ cannot be pure-water worlds, and must contain significant amounts of hydrogen and helium (H–He). We find that planets with radii larger than about 3 R
⊕, 3.6 R
⊕, and 4.3 R
⊕ are expected to consist of 2%, 5%, and 10% of H–He, respectively. We investigate the sensitivity of the results to the assumed internal structure, the planetary temperature and albedo, and the accuracy of the determination of mass and radius. We show that the envelope’s metallicity, the percentage of H–He, and the distribution of the elements play a significant role in the determination of the threshold radius. Finally, we conclude that, despite the degenerate nature of the problem, it is possible to put limits on the possible range of compositions for planets with well-measured mass and radius.
La laïcité, nouvel étendard de l’intégration ?
Authors: Chebbah-Malicet Laure 
Published: October 2018

Depuis la fin des années 1980, la question de la laïcité a croisé celle de l’immigration et plus spécifiquement celle de l’intégration. Ce glissement d’une approche de l’immigration centrée sur une dimension identitaire et religieuse a été progressif. A mesure que la figure du « travailleur immigré » venu du Maghreb pour l’essentiel cédait la place aux « jeunes issus de l’immigration » vivant en banlieue, au discours sur l’intégration s’est alors substitué celui sur une laïcité marqueur d’identité.
Entretien avec Abdelaziz Chaambi
Authors: Seniguer Haouès 
Published: October 2018

Militant lyonnais d’origine tunisienne. Il est issu d’une famille très fortement engagée contre la présence coloniale française en Tunisie. Il a été un acteur important de la construction de l’islam de France hors région parisienne au cours des années 1980. En effet, il fut, entre autres, l’une des chevilles ouvrières de l’Union des Jeunes Musulmans de France qu’il a cofondée à Lyon en 1987. Très tôt sensible à la cause des plus démunis, de la condition coloniale et postcoloniale, il a milité dès son plus jeune âge dans différentes structures associatives ou au sein de mouvements politiques à l’instar de Lutte Ouvrière. Dans l’entretien accordé à Confluences Méditerranée , Abdelaziz Chaambi revient, sans ambages, sur les grandes étapes de ses engagements successifs et multiples dans la cité, sur la façon dont il articule foi musulmane et militantisme, sa lutte sans relâche contre les effets du capitalisme néo-libéral, le regard qu’il porte sur la situation de l’islam de France, le conspirationnisme dans les milieux musulmans, etc., notamment dans le contexte post-attentats de 2015 qu’il a vécu avec beaucoup de tristesse et de sidération.
Du bon usage du « judéo-christianisme »
Authors: Bettahar Mohammed M. 
Published: October 2018

Nous examinons dans cet article le contenu et l’usage de l’expression « civilisation judéo-chrétienne », utilisée dans les mass-média comme synonyme de civilisation européenne. Apparue il y a deux ou trois décennies, cette définition ethno-religieuse de l’identité européenne ne nous semble pas pertinente car en contradiction avec l’approche historique habituelle des civilisations, avec l’histoire des nations européennes. Largement admise dans les opinions publiques, elle pourrait, dans un contexte propice aux replis identitaires, contribuer à alimenter des dérives préjudiciables aux équilibres politiques à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’Europe. Il est important d’en discuter et le contenu et l’utilisation.
La spoliation en pratiques. Riga, 1939-1942
Authors: Le Bourhis Eric 
Published: October 2018

Cet article éclaire la spoliation des Juifs au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale par une enquête sur les pratiques administratives, menée dans le cas de Riga. Dans cette ville soviétique (lettone) occupée par l’Allemagne nazie, la mise en place et la réalisation de politiques de spoliation sont extrêmement rapides. De l’été 1941 à l’été 1942, les logements et les biens mobiliers des 40000 Juifs présents dans la ville (dont de nombreux réfugiés) sont intégralement saisis et redistribués en parallèle de leur extermination, ainsi que les biens de ceux qui se sont enfuis par milliers lors de l’invasion allemande. Cette rapidité n’aurait pas été possible sans la réutilisation d’outils administratifs établis au profit de politiques préalables et la mise à profit d’expériences de différents agents depuis 1939. Le texte interroge deux modalités de cette réutilisation : le cumul de savoir-faire de l’administration municipale de Riga en matière de spoliation et de redistribution des appartements locatifs ; le transfert d’expériences allemandes en matière de spoliation, depuis des villes polonaises annexées au Reich. Outre les éléments de connaissance apportés sur la spoliation, le texte apporte notamment des éléments de discussion sur les interactions entre le Reich et l’Union soviétique, et sur les transferts de politiques ou d’expériences en matière de persécution raciale au sein des territoires occupés par le Reich.
The role of triage to reduce waiting times in primary health care facilities in the North West province of South Africa
Authors: Swart Anna-Therese , Muller Catherina E. , Rabie Tinda 
Published: October 2018

Background: Worldwide, patients visiting health care facilities in the public health care sector have to wait for attention from health care professionals. In South Africa, the Cape Triage Score system was implemented successfully in hospitals’ emergency departments in the Cape Metropole. The effective utilisation of triage could improve the flow of primary health care (PHC) patients and direct the patients to the right health care professional immediately.Aim: No literature could be traced on the implementation of triage in PHC facilities in South Africa. Consequently, a study addressing this issue could address this lack of information, reduce waiting times in PHC facilities and improve the quality of care.Setting: PHC facilities in a sub-district of the North West province of South Africa.Method: A quantitative, exploratory, typical descriptive pre-test–post-test design was used. The study consisted of two phases. During phase 1, the waiting time survey checklist was used to determine the baseline waiting times. In phase 2, the Cape Triage Score system that triaged the patients and the waiting time survey checklist were used.Results: Data were analysed using Cohen’s effect sizes by comparing the total waiting times obtained in both phases with the waiting time survey checklist. Results indicated no reduction in the overall waiting time; however, there was a practical significance where triage was applied. Referral was much quicker to the correct health professional and to the hospitals.Conclusion: Although the results indicated no reduction in the overall waiting time of patients, structured support systems and triage at PHC facilities should be used to make referral quicker to the correct health professional and to the hospitals.
Mapping carbon monoxide pollution from space down to city scales with daily global coverage
Authors: Borsdorff Tobias , aan de Brugh Joost , Hu Haili , Hasekamp Otto , Sussmann Ralf , Rettinger Markus , Hase Frank , Gross Jochen , Schneider Matthias , Garcia Omaira , Stremme Wolfgang , Grutter Michel , Feist Dietrich G. , Arnold Sabrina G. , De Mazière Martine , Kumar Sha Mahesh , Pollard David F. , Kiel Matthäus , Roehl Coleen , Wennberg Paul O. , Toon Geoffrey C. , Landgraf Jochen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. On 13 October 2017, the European Space Agency (ESA) successfully
launched the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite with the Tropospheric
Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) as its single payload. TROPOMI is
the first of ESA's atmospheric composition Sentinel missions, which
will provide complete long-term records of atmospheric trace gases
for the coming 30 years as a contribution to the European Union's
Earth Observing program Copernicus. One of TROPOMI's primary
products is atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO). It is observed with daily global
coverage and a high spatial resolution of 7×7 km2.
The moderate atmospheric resistance time and the low background
concentration leads to localized pollution hotspots of CO and allows
the tracking of the atmospheric transport of pollution on regional to global
scales. In this contribution, we
demonstrate the groundbreaking performance of the TROPOMI CO product, sensing
CO enhancements above cities and industrial areas and tracking, with
daily coverage, the atmospheric transport of pollution from biomass
burning regions. The CO data product is validated with two months
of Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTS) measurements at nine
ground-based stations operated by the Total Carbon Column Observing
Network (TCCON). We found a good agreement between both datasets with a mean bias
of 6 ppb (average of individual station biases) for both clear-sky and
cloudy TROPOMI CO retrievals. Together with the corresponding
standard deviation of the individual station biases of 3.8 ppb for
clear-sky and 4.0 ppb for cloudy sky, it indicates that the CO data
product is already well within the mission requirement.
The effect of overshooting 1.5 °C global warming on the mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Rückamp Martin , Falk Ulrike , Frieler Katja , Lange Stefan , Humbert Angelika 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Sea-level rise associated with changing climate is expected to pose a major
challenge for societies. Based on the efforts of COP21 to limit global
warming to 2.0 ∘C or even 1.5 ∘C by the end of the
21st century (Paris Agreement), we simulate the future
contribution of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) to sea-level change under the
low emission Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 scenario. The Ice
Sheet System Model (ISSM) with higher-order approximation is used and
initialized with a hybrid approach of spin-up and data assimilation. For
three general circulation models (GCMs: HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC5) the
projections are conducted up to 2300 with forcing fields for surface mass
balance (SMB) and ice surface temperature (Ts) computed by the surface
energy balance model of intermediate complexity (SEMIC). The projected
sea-level rise ranges between 21–38 mm by 2100 and 36–85 mm by 2300.
According to the three GCMs used, global warming will exceed 1.5 ∘C
early in the 21st century. The RCP2.6 peak and decline scenario
is therefore manually adjusted in another set of experiments to suppress the
1.5 ∘C overshooting effect. These scenarios show a sea-level
contribution that is on average about 38 % and 31 % less by 2100 and 2300,
respectively. For some experiments, the rate of mass loss in the
23rd century does not exclude a stable ice sheet in the future.
This is due to a spatially integrated SMB that remains positive and reaches
values similar to the present day in the latter half of the simulation
period. Although the mean SMB is reduced in the warmer climate, a future
steady-state ice sheet with lower surface elevation and hence volume might be
possible. Our results indicate that uncertainties in the projections stem
from the underlying GCM climate data used to calculate the surface mass
balance. However, the RCP2.6 scenario will lead to significant changes in the
GrIS, including elevation changes of up to 100 m. The sea-level contribution
estimated in this study may serve as a lower bound for the RCP2.6 scenario,
as the currently observed sea-level rise is not reached in any of the
experiments; this is attributed to processes (e.g. ocean forcing) not yet
represented by the model, but proven to play a major role in GrIS mass loss.
Spatially distributed water-balance and meteorological data from the rain–snow transition, southern Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Bales Roger , Stacy Erin , Safeeq Mohammad , Meng Xiande , Meadows Matthew , Oroza Carlos , Conklin Martha , Glaser Steven , Wagenbrenner Joseph 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide
representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage,
plus the fluxes affecting these stores, in a set of nested headwater
catchments. The high temporal frequency and distributed coverage make the
resulting data appropriate for process studies of snow accumulation and melt,
infiltration, evapotranspiration, catchment water balance, (bio)geochemistry,
and other critical-zone processes. We present 8 years of hourly
snow-depth, soil-moisture, and soil-temperature data, as well as 14 years of
quarter-hourly streamflow and meteorological data that detail water-balance
processes at Providence Creek, the upper part of which is at the current
50 % rain versus snow transition of the southern Sierra Nevada,
California. Providence Creek is the long-term study cooperatively run by the
Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO) and the USDA Forest Service
Pacific Southwest Research Station's Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW). The
4.6 km2 montane Providence Creek catchment spans the current lower
rain–snow transition elevation of 1500–2100 m. Two meteorological stations
bracket the high and low elevations of the catchment, measuring air
temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, precipitation, wind speed
and direction, and snow depth, and at the higher station, snow water
equivalent. Paired flumes at three subcatchments and a V-notch weir at the
integrating catchment measure quarter-hourly streamflow. Measurements of
meteorological and streamflow data began in 2002. Between 2008 and 2010, 50
sensor nodes were added to measure distributed snow depth, air temperature,
soil temperature, and soil moisture within the top 1 m below the surface.
These sensor nodes were installed to capture the lateral differences of
aspect and canopy coverage. Data are available at hourly and daily intervals
by water year (1 October–30 September) in nonproprietary formats from
online data repositories. Data for the Southern Sierra Critical Zone
Observatory distributed snow and soil datasets are at
https://doi.org/10.6071/Z7WC73. Kings River Experimental Watersheds
meteorological data are available from
https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2018-0028 and stream-discharge data are
available from https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2017-0037.
Morphological effects of vegetation on the tidal–fluvial transition in Holocene estuaries
Authors: Lokhorst Ivar R. , Braat Lisanne , Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Baar Anne W. , van Oorschot Mijke , Selaković Sanja , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Vegetation enhances bank stability and sedimentation to such an extent that it
can modify river patterns, but how these processes manifest themselves in full-scale
estuarine settings is poorly understood. On the one hand, tidal flats accrete
faster in the presence of vegetation, reducing the flood storage and
ebb dominance over time. On the other hand flow-focusing effects of a tidal
floodplain elevated by mud and vegetation could lead to channel concentration
and incision. Here we study isolated and combined effects of mud and tidal
marsh vegetation on estuary dimensions. A 2-D hydromorphodynamic estuary model
was developed, which was coupled to a vegetation model and used to simulate
100 years of morphological development. Vegetation settlement, growth and
mortality were determined by the hydromorphodynamics. Eco-engineering effects
of vegetation on the physical system are here limited to hydraulic
resistance, which affects erosion and sedimentation pattern through the flow
field. We investigated how vegetation, combined with mud, affects the average
elevation of tidal flats and controls the system-scale planform. Modelling
with vegetation only results in a pattern with the largest vegetation extent
in the mixed-energy zone of the estuary, which is generally shallower. Here
vegetation can cover more than 50 % of the estuary width while it remains
below 10 %–20 % in the outer, tide-dominated zone. This modelled distribution
of vegetation along the estuary shows general agreement with trends in
natural estuaries observed by aerial image analysis. Without mud, the
modelled vegetation has a limited effect on morphology, again peaking in the
mixed-energy zone. Numerical modelling with mud only shows that the presence of
mud leads to stabilisation and accretion of the intertidal area and a slight
infill of the mixed-energy zone. Combined modelling of mud and vegetation
leads to mutual enhancement with mud causing new colonisation areas and
vegetation stabilising the mud. This occurs in particular in a zone
previously described as the bedload convergence zone. While vegetation
focusses the flow into the channels such that mud sedimentation in intertidal
side channels is prevented on a timescale of decades, the filling of
intertidal area and the resulting reduction in tidal prism may cause the infilling of
estuaries over centuries.
A revision of the genus Cicynethus Simon, 1910 (Araneae, Zodariidae), a tale of colour patterns
Authors: Jocqué Rudy , Henrard Arnaud 
Published: October 2018

The genus Cicynethus Simon, 1910 is revised. Apart from the type species C. peringueyi Simon, 1893, only known from a juvenile, it contains five species, all of which are here described or redescribed based on adults: C. acer sp. nov. (♂♀), C. decoratus (Lawrence, 1952) comb. nov (♂), C. floriumfontis Jocqué, 1991 (♂♀), C. mossambicus sp. nov. (♂♀) and C. subtropicalis (Lawrence, 1952) comb. nov. (♂♀). The species are characterized by the genitalia, but also by the colour pattern. The distribution of the genus is extended to northern Mozambique. Cicynethus hongfuchui is transferred to Storenomorpha hongfuchui (Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013) comb. nov. Cicynethus acanthopus Simon, 1910 is considered a species incertae sedis. A key to the species is provided.
LES PRINCIPALES CARACTÉRISTIQUES D’UNE CLIENTÈLE DITE « MULTIPROBLÉMATIQUE » AU SEIN DU RSSS AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Moreau Isabelle , Léveillée Suzanne 
Published: October 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude exploratoire portant sur les principales composantes caractérisant la clientèle dite « multiproblématique » au sein du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux (N = 128). Le portrait d’ensemble qui se dégage de cette étude met en évidence les facteurs de risque de comportements problématiques prédominant chez cette clientèle et l’ampleur de l’intensité de services qu’elle requiert. Par ailleurs, les résultats démontrent que le réseau se situe davantage en gestion de l’urgence des situations plutôt qu’en organisation de services planifiés auprès de cette clientèle aux besoins particuliers.
DEUX MODÈLES D’INTERVENTION EN TROUBLE GRAVE DU COMPORTEMENT (TGC) : COMPARAISONS ET AMÉLIORATIONS POSSIBLES
Authors: Sabourin Guy , Lapointe André 
Published: October 2018

Le présent article vise à comparer deux modèles d’intervention en TGC, soit le modèle québécois d’Analyse et d’Intervention MultiModales (AIMM) et le modèle de Soutien Comportemental Positif (SCP : Positive Behavioral Support) chez les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI). Ce modèle de LaVigna et Willis (2012) a d’ailleurs fait l’objet récemment de démonstrations convaincantes sur le plan de son efficacité et de son efficience clinique. Après avoir constaté les compatibilités et les différences entre ces deux modèles sur le plan qualitatif, certaines pistes d’amélioration clinique et de recherche concernant l’AIMM sont relevées.