bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering the microbiome for animal health and conservation
Authors: Jin Song Se , Woodhams Douglas C , Martino Cameron , Allaband Celeste , Mu Andre , Javorschi-Miller-Montgomery Sandrine , Suchodolski Jan S , Knight Rob 
Published: February 2019

Interest in animal microbiomes as therapeutics is rapidly expanding, as techniques to study the microbial world decrease in cost and increase in accessibility and case studies from human medicine receive widespread attention. In this review, we summarize the current state of techniques to modify the microbiome to improve animal health, focusing on applications in domestic pets, farm animals, and in wild settings for conservation. We discuss options for modifying the microbiome, including community-wide changes such as fecal microbiota transplants, prebiotics, probiotics, and antibiotics, and more targeted approaches such as phage therapy and CRISPR-Cas. We conclude that although much remains to be done in untangling the basic biology of microbiome-directed therapies in animals, the rapid progress currently being made in human medicine and the examples to date of application of probiotics and other microbiome-directed therapies in taxa ranging from horses to salamanders to bees suggest excellent prospects for these technologies as they are further developed and as data on both the benefits and risks are carefully and systematically collected. Impact statement Considering the clear effects of microbiota on important aspects of animal biology and development (including in humans), this topic is timely and broadly appealing, as it compels us to consider the possibilities of altering the microbiome (without antibiotics) to positively affect animal health. In this review, we highlight three general approaches to manipulating the microbiome that have demonstrated success and promise for use in animal health. We also point out knowledge gaps where further inquiry would most benefit the field. Our paper not only provides a short and digestible overview of the current state of application, but also calls for further exploration of the microbial diversity at hand to expand our toolkit, while also leveraging the diversity and flexibility of animal systems to better understand mechanisms of efficacy.
Mean platelet volume mediated the relationships between heavy metals exposure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: A community-based study
Authors: Zhu Chunmei , Wang Bin , Xiao Lili , Guo Yanjun , Zhou Yun , Cao Limin , Yang Shijie , Chen Weihong 
Published: February 2019

Background Heavy metals were related to increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, potential mechanisms under such associations remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of mean platelet volume in the associations between heavy metals exposure and 10-year ASCVD risk. Method Urinary heavy metals and mean platelet volume were measured in 3081 adults from the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort in China. The associations between urinary heavy metals, mean platelet volume and 10-year ASCVD risk were separately analyzed through generalized linear models and logistic regression models. Mediation analyses were conducted to assess the role of mean platelet volume in the associations between urinary heavy metals and 10-year ASCVD risk. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, 10-year ASCVD risk was positively associated with urinary iron (odds ratio (OR) = 1.142, 95% confidence interval (1.038–1.256)), copper (OR = 1.384 (1.197–1.601)), zinc (OR = 1.520 (1.296–1.783)), cadmium (OR = 1.153 (0.990, 1.342)) and antimony (OR = 1.452 (1.237–1.704)), and negatively related with urinary barium (OR = 0.905 (0.831–0.985)). Also, we found significant dose–response relationships between urinary iron, zinc, antimony and mean platelet volume, as well as between mean platelet volume and 10-year ASCVD risk (all pfor trends < 0.05). Furthermore, mediation analyses indicated that mean platelet volume mediated 17.55%, 6.15% and 7.38% of the associations between urinary iron, zinc, antimony and 10-year ASCVD risk, respectively (all pvalue < 0.05). Conclusions Elevated concentrations of urinary iron, copper, zinc, cadmium and antimony were associated with increased risk of 10-year ASCVD. Mean platelet volume partially mediated the associations of urinary iron, zinc and antimony with 10-year ASCVD risk.
A comparison of fasciocutaneous and adipofascial methods in the reverse sural artery flap for treatment of diabetic infected lateral malleolar bursitis
Authors: Kim Kyu Jin , Ahn Jung Tae , Yoon Kyung Tack , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: Infected lateral malleolar bursitis occurring as a diabetic complication requires debridement and flap surgery because it cannot be treated by conservative methods. The most accessible flap is the reverse sural artery flap, which can be harvested as a fasciocutaneous flap or an adipofascial flap. The purpose of this study was to compare the two types of flap methods performed in patients with diabetic infected lateral malleolar bursitis. Methods: Twenty-nine cases of diabetic infected lateral malleolar bursitis treated with reverse sural artery flap between 2006 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Fasciocutaneous flap methods were performed in 15 cases (group A), and adipofascial flap methods were performed in 14 cases (group B). Patients in the two groups did not differ in sex or age. The mean follow-up period was 16 months. Results: All flaps survived. Infection was controlled at a mean of 2.4 months in both groups. At final follow-up, infection recurred in one case of each group, which was treated with antibiotics. No case developed an ulcer in the flaps. The patients were able to ambulate in regular shoes. All but one of the patients (28 patients) expressed satisfaction with the aesthetic appearance following treatment. No case required a debulking operation. Conclusion: Both the fasciocutaneous and adipofascial methods for reverse sural artery flaps were shown to be viable options for the control of diabetic lateral infection. In addition, the two groups did not differ in terms of appearance or complication rate following treatment.
HIV Status and Contraceptive Utilization among Women in Cameroon
Authors: Budhwani Henna , Hearld Kristine Ria , Dionne-Odom Jodie , Manga Simon , Nulah Kathleen , Khan Michelle , Welty Thomas , Welty Edith , Tita Alan Thevenet 
Published: February 2019

Objective: We examined patterns of contraceptive utilization by HIV status among women in Cameroon, hypothesizing that women living with HIV would utilize contraception at higher rates than their HIV-negative peers. Methods: Deidentified, clinical data from the Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services (2007-2013) were analyzed (N = 8995). Frequencies compared outcomes between women living with HIV (15.1%) and uninfected women. Multivariate analyses examined associates of contraceptive utilization and desire to become pregnant. Results: Contraceptive utilization was associated with higher education, living with HIV, monogamy, and higher parity ( P < .001). Women living with HIV had 66% higher odds of using contraceptives than their negative peers (odds ratio [OR]: 1.66, confidence interval [CI]: 1.45-1.91, P < .001). Polygamous women had 37% lower odds of using contraceptives compared to monogamous women (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.52-0.75, P < .001). Conclusion: Increasing contraceptive utilization in resource-constrained settings should be a priority for clinicians and researchers. Doing so could improve population health by reducing HIV transmission between partners and from mother to child.
Effect of Operative Time on Short-Term Adverse Events After Isolated Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Agarwalla Avinesh , Gowd Anirudh K. , Liu Joseph N. , Garcia Grant H. , Bohl Daniel D. , Verma Nikhil N. , Forsythe Brian 
Published: February 2019

Background: A longer operative time has been previously recognized as a risk factor for short-term complications after various orthopaedic procedures; however, it has yet to be investigated as an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To identify whether a longer operative time in ACL reconstruction is an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative complications, hospital readmissions, or an extended length of stay within 30 days of the index procedure. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction between 2005 and 2016 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Cases with concomitant procedures were excluded from the analysis. We evaluated the association between operative time and preoperative variables such as patient age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, and procedure. Correlations between adverse events and operative time, while controlling for the above preoperative variables, were calculated using multivariate Poisson regression with robust error variance. Results: A total of 14,159 procedures were included in this investigation. The mean patient age was 32.6 ± 10.8 years, the mean body mass index was 27.7 ± 6.5 kg/m2, and the mean operative time was 89.7 ± 28.6 minutes. Patients who were between the ages of 18 and 30 years (mean operative time, 95.1 ± 27.8 minutes; relative risk [RR], 17.7; P < .001), male (mean operative time, 91.9 ± 28.3 minutes; RR, 4.7; P < .001), and nondiabetic (mean operative time, 89.8 ± 28.6 minutes; RR, 7.1; P = .011) were associated with a longer operative duration. The overall complication rate was 1.1%. After adjusting for demographic characteristics and procedures, 15-minute incremental increases in operative duration were associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (RR, 1.12; P = .042), surgical site infections (RR, 1.21; P = .001), and sepsis (RR, 1.66; P < .001) as well as increased readmission rates (RR, 1.23; P = .001) and an extended length of stay (RR, 1.18; P = .008). Conclusion: While the overall adverse risk rate after ACL reconstruction remains low, marginal increases in operative time are associated with an increased risk of adverse events such as deep vein thrombosis, surgical site infections, sepsis, an extended length of stay, and readmissions. Thus, the operating physician and surgical staff should make all efforts to coordinate and prepare for each case to maximize surgical efficiency.
СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ КИНОФИКАЦИИ В ЧКАЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 1930-Е ГГ
Authors: Kukaeva Diana Kairovna 
Published: February 2019

Цель. Целью статьи является характеристика системы кинофикации Чкаловской области в 1930-е гг.Метод и методология проведения работы. В качестве методов были применены проблемно-хронологический, историко-сравнительный и историко-системный методы, а также метод исторического анализа.Результаты. В статье рассмотрены основные этапы зарождения, формирования и развития системы кинофикации в Чкаловской области в 1930-е годы, осуществляющихся по следующим направлениям: организация системы управления процессом кинофикации региона, создание материальной базы, обеспечение кадровым составом, осуществление контроля в области репертуарной политики и работа со зрителем, в особенности, с детьми. Выявлены причины возникновения трудностей в работе и продвижении киноискусства в массы: непродуманные шаги местных и республиканских отраслевых органов власти, связанные с этим перебои в оснащении киноаппаратурой, поставке кинолент, их качестве, проблемы, связанные с кадровым составом. Сделаны основные выводы о деятельности областной киносети в период 1934–1940 гг.Область применения результатов. Основные положения и выводы статьи могут быть использованы в научной, педагогической и практической деятельности при рассмотрении вопросов культурного строительства в 30-е гг.
РЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ КРЕСТИНЫ КАК ФЕНОМЕН СОВЕТСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ 1920-х гг. (по материалам прессы Башкирии)
Authors: Galieva Farida Gabdulchaevna 
Published: February 2019

Целью статьи является анализ сведений о «революционных крестинах», которые практиковались в послереволюционный период в Башкирии, как и в других регионах России, они были направлены на формирование советской обрядности взамен традиционной.Метод и методология проведения работы. Историко-сравнительный анализ позволяет выявить последствия политики молодой советской власти по внедрению новой обрядности. Комплексный анализ – изучить революционные крестины вкупе с другими обычаями того времени как череду общественно-политических мероприятий, направленных на унификацию этнических и конфессиональных обычаев, формирование советской общности и советской культуры.Источниками для изучения революционных обрядов в Башкирии стали публикации в газетах «Власть труда» и «Красная Башкирия». (В архивных документах упоминания единичны.)Результаты. Выявлено, что новый обычай назывался также «новые крестины», «коммунистические крестины», «красные крестины», «октябрины», «звездины», «крестины по-красному». Он представлял собой (наряду с красной свадьбой, комсомольским рождеством, комсомольским курбан-байрам и другими праздниками того времени) общественно-политическое мероприятие – собрание работников и (или) членов партии, комсомола, профсоюза, женсовета, других общественных организаций с лекциями о новом быте, задачах молодежи, вреде религии. На торжестве чествовались молодые родители, а новорожденный до совершеннолетия получал «культурное шефство» и «идейное воспитание». Революционные крестины (как и другие новые праздники) в Башкирии стали проводиться осенью 1923 года, постепенно внедряясь в быт разных народов (русские, башкиры, татары, чуваши и др.), расширяя ареалы распространения (кантоны республики). Во второй половине 1920-х гг. прессой они перестают пропагандироваться в силу смены политического курса страны.Область применения результатов – в образовательном процессе и научно-исследовательской работе.
МИГРАЦИОННАЯ ОБСТАНОВКА В ВОСТОЧНОМ КАЗАХСТАНЕ: ВЗГЛЯД И ОЦЕНКА МИГРАНТОВ
Authors: Мuratkyzy Аrman 
Published: February 2019

В данной статье представлены результаты исследования миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в оценках мигрантов. Основной источник данных – анкетный опрос мигрантов живущих в приграничной территории Казахстана и России, а именно в Восточно-Казахстанской области. Цель исследования - выявить специфику современной миграционной ситуации в Казахстане и факторы, влияющие на миграционную подвижность многочисленных этносов республики; оценить влияние на миграцию степени этнического самосознания и включенности в этническую культуру; проанализировать направления государственной политики по управлению миграционными процессами в республике. Для достижения данной цели были поставлены и решены следующие задачи: проанализированы научно-исследовательские работы по миграционным процессам и миграционной активности; определены социально-экономическое положение, национальный состав и состояние миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в условиях глобализации; проанализированы миграционные процессы и миграционная активность населения приграничных регионов Республики Казахстан и России; определены особенности проявления миграционной активности в контексте отношения принимающего сообщества в приграничных регионах. Современные социологические теории миграции населения позволяют описывать такое динамически изменяющееся социальное явление, как миграция с точки зрения перспектив экономического развития стран, а также с точки зрения социокультурной трансформации, которую претерпевают социальные структуры и институты в современном обществе. Методология рассматриваемых теорий выводит социологический дискурс на уровень анализа социального пространства не в его классической интерпретации, а в понимании его как транснационального, то есть выходящего за рамки жестко кристаллизованных национально-территориальных единиц. В статье приведен анализ современных социологических теорий миграции населения; уточнено содержание ряда ключевых понятий; обоснована целесообразность применения социологического подхода к исследованию миграции как социального процесса; на основе анализа изменений, определен социально-экономическое положение, национальный состав и состояние миграционных процессов в Республике Казахстан в условиях глобализации; определены особенности проявления миграционной активности в контексте отношения принимающего сообщества в приграничных регионах (по материалам социологических исследований). Научная значимость и практическая ценность исследования определяется острой актуальностью в области миграции, а так же совокупностью поставленных задач, направленных на теоретико-методологическое и конкретно социологическое изучение миграционных процессов в контексте глобализации.
Cournot Competition in Networked Markets
Authors: Bimpikis Kostas , Ehsani Shayan , İlkılıç Rahmi 
Published: February 2019

The paper considers a model of competition among firms that produce a homogeneous good in a networked environment. A bipartite graph determines which subset of markets a firm can supply to. Firms compete à la Cournot and decide how to allocate their production output to the markets they are directly connected to. We provide a characterization of the production quantities at the unique equilibrium of the resulting game for any given network. Our results identify a novel connection between the equilibrium outcome and supply paths in the underlying network structure. We then proceed to study the impact of changes in the competition structure, for example, due to a firm expanding into a new market or two firms merging, on firms’ profits and consumer surplus. The modeling framework we propose can be used in assessing whether expanding in a new market is profitable for a firm, identifying opportunities for collaboration, for example, a joint venture between competing firms, and guiding regulatory action in the context of market design and antitrust analysis. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3061 . This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
The city in motion: Modernity, mobility and skyline views in Manhatta (1921)
Authors: Cordes Vojislava Filipcevic 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The article analyses the cinematic imaginaries of motion, mobility and skyline views in Manhatta (Sheeler and Strand, 1921). While the film has been extensively discussed in the literature, its linkages with contemporaneous understandings of the urban have not been sufficiently developed. This article examines reflexivity and disembedding as processes of modernity in relationship to Manhatta, and establishes the skyline trope as the critical visual detail in the 1920s cinematic city cinema. It then explores the way in which Manhatta conveys the transience of urban experience and the fragility of urbanity endangered in particular by economic forces. This discussion further evokes the fragmentation of the new urban experiences and establishes cinematography as a bridge between the city and the nature, present too in Whitman’s poetry. Yet Manhatta succumbs to organic views of the city typical of the Chicago School of Urban Ecology, screening out of view political divisions, social stratification and urban change, and viewing urban problems as inherent to the processes of urbanization. Through a dialectical interlinkage between the city imagined and the city experienced, Manhatta presents the city as a site of strangeness that cannot be easily fathomed, one whose contradictions cannot be resolved. Silhouettes of workers prompt questions about the role of working classes, suggesting a pessimistic view of their power set against the landscape of a capitalist metropolis always in the process of motion, of being re-created. This strangeness and the difficulty of defining and understanding the elusive subject of the modern city – a trope discernable in Manhatta and also in film noir – is noted as well in the writings of Simmel, Mumford and the Chicago School of Urban Ecology.
A Study of Aplastic Anemia at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Arif Ajuar , Sutjipto Adi 
Published: February 2019

A study of aplastic anemia in children in a period of June 1980 to June 1989 was done to evaluate the pattern of aplastic anemia in children. The cases consisted of 55 children, 30 males (54.55%) and 25 females (45.45%). Most of the patients (47.27%) were found in the age group of 10 to 15 years. The complaints were paleness (90.91%), fever (56.45%) and bleeding (52. 71%). The hemoglobin concentration was 4.25 ± 1.17 g/dl (mean ± SD), and the thrombocytopenia was generally severe.
Prednisone or combination of prednisone and oxymethalone was given in addition to blood transfusions, antibiotics and vitamins. The outcome was difficult to evaluate because of the irregularity of treatments. Of the 55 children, 9 (18.02%) contracted leukemia after 1 - 5 months.
The Pattern of Thalassemia in Children at the Department of Child Health, School of Medicine University of North Sumatera/ Dr. Pirngadi Hospital, Medan
Authors: Sinulingga Sugiani , Loebis Ismet Fadil , Sutjipto Adi 
Published: February 2019

A study of the characteristics of childhood thalassemia was conducted at the Sub Department of Pediatric Hematology, Dr. Pirngadi Hospital from June 1979 to May 1989.
There were 131 cases, consisting of75 (57.25%) boys and 56 (42.75%) girls with an average of 12 admission every year. The predominant age group was 0-2 years, and the youngest was 3 months old; Javanese ethnic group appeared predominant in 36 (63.15%) cases.
Clinical symptoms of anemia were found in 112 (85.49%}, hepatomegaly in 91 (69.46%}, hepatosplenomegaly in 84 (64.12%}, without enlargement of organ in 17 (12.97%), and icterus in 6 (4.58%). Hb-Electrophoresis was done in 42 cases, revealing 26 (61.90%) with thalassemia major, 15 (35.71%) Hb E thalassemia, and 1 (2.20%) Hb H thalassemia. Hb value at the first admission in 65 (49.62%) was less than 5 g/dl, in 63 (48.09o/o) it was 5-10 g/dl and in 3 (2.29%) more than 10 g/dl.
Graves' Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Assin M. Suttan , Rukman Jusuf , Batubara Jose R. L. , S. P. Purnama Wati 
Published: February 2019

Thyroid hormones play an important role in the metabolic propesses. Its disturbances will involve several organs, consequently. A 5 year old girl with Graves' diseases, after several weeks of treatment with propylthiouracil (PTV), developed thyrotoxicosis crisis and diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis; a condition which is usually fatal. Treatment toward the hyperthyroid state overcome the diabetic stage, eventually.
This report is an example of an endocrinological interaction in a hyperthyroid patient. Therefore, the diabetogenic effect of hyperthyroxinemia should not be overlooked.