bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Universal Bypass before Carotid Artery Occlusion Obviate the Need for Balloon Test Occlusion: Personal Experience with Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass in 23 Patients
Authors: Menon Girish , Menon Sudha , Hegde Ajay 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAim: Carotid artery ligation carries a potential risk of ischemic complications even in patients with good collaterals and adequate cross-circulation. Preoperative assessment through balloon test occlusion (BTO) is technically challenging and not feasible in all patients. We analyze our experience with universal bypass without performing detailed cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) studies in 23 patients before carotid artery ligation. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the case records of 23 patients who underwent cervical carotid artery ligation for various indications since January 2009. Results: The study included 21 patients with cavernous carotid aneurysms, one patient with a large fusiform petrous carotid aneurysm, and one patient with recurrent glomus jugulare encasing the cervical internal carotid artery. The initial 12 patients underwent preoperative BTO with hypotensive challenge. All patients underwent a bypass procedure followed by carotid artery ligation irrespective of the BTO findings. Patients who successfully completed a BTO underwent a low-flow superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass. A high-flow extracranial–intracranial bypass using a saphenous vein graft from external carotid artery to middle cerebral artery was done in all patients who either failed the BTO or did not undergo BTO. We had two operative mortalities and one poor outcome. All the other patients had a good recovery with a Glasgow outcome score of 5 at the last follow-up. Graft patency rates were 81.1% in both the low-flow and high-flow groups. Conclusion: Universal high-flow bypass is safe, effective, and should be preferred in all patients before carotid artery ligation. It obviates the need for detailed CVR assessment, especially in centers with limited resources.
Substance Use Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Current Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Lakhan Ram , Sagiraju Hari Krishna Raju , Ekúndayó Olúgbémiga , Sharma Manoj 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTUse of illegal and prescription drugs has significantly increased in recent years all over the world in most populations. Greater worldwide awareness in this regard has substantially improved the epidemiological understanding of substance use, its risk factors, and impact on life. People with intellectual disabilities constitute 0.5%–1.5% of the world’s population. It can be conjectured that they might be experiencing similar or even a greater burden of substance use in their lives. This article highlights some important aspects of substance use among this population in low- and middle-income countries that need urgent attention.
Perturbation Analysis of Orthogonal Least Squares
Authors: Geng Pengbo , Chen Wengu , Ge Huanmin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Orthogonal Least Squares (OLS) algorithm is an efficient sparse recovery algorithm that has received much attention in recent years. On one hand, this paper considers that the OLS algorithm recovers the supports of sparse signals in the noisy case. We show that the OLS algorithm exactly recovers the support of $K$-sparse signal $\boldsymbol{x}$ from $\boldsymbol{y}=\boldsymbol{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}}\boldsymbol{x}+\boldsymbol{e}$ in $K$ iterations, provided that the sensing matrix $\boldsymbol{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}}$ satisfies the restricted isometry property (RIP) with restricted isometry constant (RIC) $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{K+1}<1/\sqrt{K+1}$, and the minimum magnitude of the nonzero elements of $\boldsymbol{x}$ satisfies some constraint. On the other hand, this paper demonstrates that the OLS algorithm exactly recovers the support of the best $K$-term approximation of an almost sparse signal $\boldsymbol{x}$ in the general perturbations case, which means both $\boldsymbol{y}$ and $\boldsymbol{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}}$ are perturbed. We show that the support of the best $K$-term approximation of $\boldsymbol{x}$ can be recovered under reasonable conditions based on the restricted isometry property (RIP).
Determination of a possible relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the &lt;i&gt;SIRT1&lt;/i&gt; gene and production and reproduction traits in the Agerolese cattle breed
Authors: Selvaggi Maria , Carbonara Claudia , Ciotola Francesca , Albarella Sara , Aiudi Giulio , Tufarelli Vincenzo , Dario Cataldo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Sirtuins (sir2-like proteins) belong to the family of class III
NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases. Among them, SIRT1 is the most
studied sirtuin. It plays a key role in many biological processes in the
liver, adipose tissue, muscle, pancreas, testis, ovary and mammary gland. It
has an important function in endocrine signaling, with a specific role in
glucose and fat metabolism. To date, in bovine species, only few SIRT1 single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported in the literature. Thus,
the aims of the present study were to estimate the allele and genotype
frequencies at the g.-274C > G locus in the promoter region of the SIRT1
gene and to investigate, for the first time, the relationship among
different genotypes and milk production and some reproduction traits in a
sample of cows belonging to the Agerolese breed. All the animals were
genotyped at the abovementioned locus using the PCR-RFLP technique. The investigated population was found to be polymorphic
at the investigated locus. Concerning milk production performances,
significant differences between genotypes were found in daily milk yield
(DMY), fat percentage (FC), lactation length (LL), peak daily milk yield (PY)
and 305-day milk yield (305MY). Moreover, the effect of the g.-274C > G
genotype on age at first calving and calving period was significant. In
conclusion, our findings are promising and should encourage scientists to
further investigate the effect of genetic polymorphism of sirtuins on milk
performance and reproductive traits.
On the interpretation of upper-tropospheric humidity based on a second-order retrieval from infrared radiances
Authors: Gierens Klaus , Eleftheratos Kostas 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. We present a novel retrieval for upper-tropospheric humidity (UTH)
from High-resolution Infrared Radiation
Sounder (HIRS) channel 12 radiances that successfully bridges the
wavelength change from 6.7 to 6.5 µm that occurred from
HIRS/2 on National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration satellite NOAA-14 to HIRS/3 on satellite NOAA-15.
The jump in average brightness temperature (in the water vapour channel;
T12) that this change had caused (about
−7 K) could be fixed with a statistical inter-calibration method
(Shi and Bates, 2011). Unfortunately, the retrieval of UTHi
(upper-tropospheric humidity with respect to ice)
based on the inter-calibrated data was not satisfying at the high tail of the
distribution of UTHi. Attempts to construct a better
inter-calibration in the low T12 range (equivalent to the high
UTHi range) were either not successful (Gierens et al., 2018) or
required additional statistically determined corrections to the
measured brightness temperatures (Gierens and Eleftheratos, 2017). The new method presented here is based on the original one
(Soden and Bretherton, 1993; Stephens et al., 1996; Jackson and Bates, 2001), but it extends
linearisations in the formulation of water vapour saturation
pressure and in the temperature dependence of the Planck function to
second order. To achieve the second-order formulation we derive the
retrieval from the beginning, and we find that the most influential
ingredient is the use of different optical constants for the two
involved channel wavelengths (6.7 and 6.5 µm). The result of
adapting the optical constant is an almost perfect match between UTH
data measured by HIRS/2 on NOAA-14 and HIRS/3 on NOAA-15 on 1004
common days of operation. The method is applied to both UTH and
UTHi. For each case retrieval coefficients are derived. We present a number of test applications, e.g. on computed
brightness temperatures based on high-resolution radiosonde
profiles, on the brightness temperatures measured by the satellites
on the mentioned 1004 common days of operation. Further, we present
time series of the occurrence frequency of high UTHi cases, and we
show the overall probability distribution of UTHi. The two latter
applications expose indications of moistening of the upper
troposphere over the last 35 years. Finally, we discuss the significance of UTH. We state that UTH
algorithms cannot be judged for their correctness or incorrectness,
since there is no true UTH. Instead, UTH algorithms should fulfill a
number of usefulness postulates, which we suggest and discuss.
Effects of two different biogenic emission models on modelled ozone and aerosol concentrations in Europe
Authors: Jiang Jianhui , Aksoyoglu Sebnem , Ciarelli Giancarlo , Oikonomakis Emmanouil , El-Haddad Imad , Canonaco Francesco , O'Dowd Colin , Ovadnevaite Jurgita , Minguillón María Cruz , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions are one of
the essential inputs for chemical transport models (CTMs), but their
estimates are associated with large uncertainties, leading to significant
influence on air quality modelling. This study aims to investigate the
effects of using different BVOC emission models on the performance of a CTM
in simulating secondary pollutants, i.e. ozone, organic, and inorganic
aerosols. European air quality was simulated for the year 2011 by the
regional air quality model Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions
(CAMx) version 6.3, using BVOC emissions calculated by two emission models:
the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) model and the Model of Emissions of Gases
and Aerosol from Nature (MEGAN) version 2.1. Comparison of isoprene and monoterpene
emissions from both models showed large differences in their general amounts,
as well as their spatial distribution in both summer and winter. MEGAN
produced more isoprene emissions by a factor of 3 while the PSI model
generated 3 times the monoterpene emissions in summer, while there was
negligible difference (∼4 %) in sesquiterpene emissions
associated with the two models. Despite the large differences in isoprene
emissions (i.e. 3-fold), the resulting impact in predicted summertime ozone
proved to be minor (<10 %; MEGAN O3 was higher than
PSI O3 by ∼7 ppb). Comparisons with measurements from the
European air quality database (AirBase) indicated that PSI emissions might
improve the model performance at low ozone concentrations but worsen performance at
high ozone levels (>60 ppb). A much larger effect of the
different BVOC emissions was found for the secondary organic aerosol (SOA)
concentrations. The higher monoterpene emissions (a factor of ∼3) by the PSI model led to higher SOA by ∼110 % on average
in summer, compared to MEGAN, and lead to better agreement between modelled and
measured organic aerosol (OA): the mean bias between modelled and measured OA
at nine measurement stations using Aerodyne aerosol chemical speciation monitors
(ACSMs) or Aerodyne aerosol mass
spectrometers (AMSs) was reduced by 21 %–83 % at rural or remote stations. Effects on inorganic aerosols (particulate
nitrate, sulfate, and ammonia) were relatively small (<15 %).
SEAS5: the new ECMWF seasonal forecast system
Authors: Johnson Stephanie J. , Stockdale Timothy N. , Ferranti Laura , Balmaseda Magdalena A. , Molteni Franco , Magnusson Linus , Tietsche Steffen , Decremer Damien , Weisheimer Antje , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Keeley Sarah P. E. , Mogensen Kristian , Zuo Hao , Monge-Sanz Beatriz M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. In this paper we describe SEAS5, ECMWF's fifth generation seasonal forecast system, which became operational in November 2017. Compared to its predecessor, System 4, SEAS5 is a substantially changed forecast system. It includes upgraded versions of the atmosphere and ocean models at higher resolutions, and adds a prognostic sea-ice model. Here, we describe the configuration of SEAS5 and summarise the most noticeable results from a set of diagnostics including biases, variability, teleconnections and forecast skill. An important improvement in SEAS5 is the reduction of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias, which is accompanied by a more realistic El Niño amplitude and an improvement in El Niño prediction skill over the central-west Pacific. Improvements in 2 m temperature skill are also clear over the tropical Pacific. Sea-surface temperature (SST) biases in the northern extratropics change due to increased ocean resolution, especially in regions associated with western boundary currents. The increased ocean resolution exposes a new problem in the northwest Atlantic, where SEAS5 fails to capture decadal variability of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, resulting in a degradation of DJF 2 m temperature prediction skill in this region. The prognostic sea-ice model improves seasonal predictions of sea-ice cover, although some regions and seasons suffer from biases introduced by employing a fully dynamical model rather than the simple, empirical scheme used in System 4. There are also improvements in 2 m temperature skill in the vicinity of the Arctic sea-ice edge. Cold temperature biases in the troposphere improve, but increase at the tropopause. Biases in the extratropical jets are larger than in System 4: extratropical jets are too strong, and displaced northwards in JJA. In summary, development and added complexity since System 4 has ensured that SEAS5 is a state-of-the-art seasonal forecast system which continues to display a particular strength in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction.
“NITROSAMINE SAFE” THIURAM DISULFIDE
Authors: Virdi Ranvir , Grover Boyd , Ghuman Kiruan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
An investigation into the technological performance of a new nitrosamine safe thiuram disulfide, tetraisononylthiuramdisulfide (TINTD), in natural rubber was undertaken. Initially, TINTD was synthesized from di(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)amine. It was then demonstrated to function as a sulfur donor, a primary accelerator, and as a secondary accelerator when combined with sulfenamides. These investigations found that the long-branched alkyl chain on the nitrogen of TINTD and of its vulcanization breakdown product zinc diisononyldithiocarbamate (ZDNC) makes both chemical species very soluble in the elastomer. This high solubility of TINTD and ZDNC in the rubber makes TINTD highly attractive for use in soluble efficient vulcanization systems. In addition, the nature of the long-branched alkyl chain means that the formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamine is difficult, and if formed, it is toxicologically much less hazardous in terms of both acute toxicity and metabolic activity. Thus, concerns of accelerator toxicity, irritant dermatitis from thiuram and dithiocarbamate, and type IV allergy may be reduced or totally eliminated. The curing efficiency of various thiuram disulfides was also investigated as a function of alkyl chain length and the degree of chain branching. The cure performance was found to be determined by both chain length and chain branching.
LigaSure Use Decreases Intraoperative Blood Loss Volume and Blood Transfusion Volume in Sarcoma Surgery
Authors: Levine Nicole L. , Zhang Yidan , Hoang Bang H. , Yang Rui , Jurkowski Zachary H. , Roth Michael E. , Gill Jonathan B. , Lo Yungtai , Eisenberg Ruth E. , Bekarev Mikhail , Gorlick Richard , Geller David S. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:
The LigaSure system has been successfully used in thoracic and abdominal surgery. However, to date, its use in the resection of sarcomas has not been systematically studied. We aimed to determine whether the use of the LigaSure system reduces blood loss and blood transfusion volumes in sarcoma surgery.

Methods:
One hundred forty-two consecutive patients who underwent sarcoma surgeries between July 2010 and October 2016 were included. Conventional electrocautery alone (n = 91) and with LigaSure (n = 51) were compared. Case-matched samples (n = 46) from each group were additionally compared.

Results:
The use of the LigaSure system resulted in a significant decrease in mean intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.02) and blood transfusion volume (P = 0.04). Likewise, a significant decrease in both mean and median intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.003; P < 0.0001) was seen with LigaSure in the case-matched analysis. In the soft-tissue sarcoma subgroup, a significant decrease was observed in mean hemoglobin reduction (P = 0.03) and mean intraoperative blood loss with LigaSure (P = 0.04). No adverse perioperative complications attributed to the LigaSure system were identified.

Conclusions:
The LigaSure vessel sealing and dividing system is a safe and effective hemostatic tool for deep dissection in bone and soft-tissue sarcoma surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, therapeutic study
Usages de l’espace public et lesbianisme : sanctions sociales et contournements dans les métropoles françaises
Authors: Chetcuti-Osorovitz Natacha , Jean-Jacques Sarah 
Published: March 2019

À partir d’une enquête menée en France entre 2010 et 2012 auprès de femmes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des femmes (FSF), cet article rend compte de la manière dont les FSF s’approprient l’espace public à partir de la question de la visibilité, qui se déploie dans le discours contemporain suivant deux axes : la reconnaissance des homosexualités, articulée à la lutte contre les discriminations basées sur l’orientation sexuelle. La notion d’espace public sera ici entendue comme espace d’interactions et les territoires investis ou non en fonction de l’identité sexuelle. Sera mis en question l’impact de la norme hétérosexuelle et de la hiérarchie sociale des sexes sur les conditions de déplacement des lesbiennes et leurs manières de se mouvoir, entre elles, dans l’espace public. Par cet article, nous visons à établir les différentes gammes de stratégies de visibilité et d’invisibilité, afin de mettre en évidence les formes spécifiques de discrimination que vivent les lesbiennes. Et donc de rendre compte de l’hétéronormativité de l’espace urbain.
Champ épistémique des travaux des géographes Paul Pélissier et Cheikh Ba : entre complémentarités, recoupements et débordements disciplinaires
Authors: Timera Mamadou Bouna , Diongue Momar , Sakho Papa , Diagne Abdoulaye , Niang-Diène Aminata 
Published: March 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la manière dont Cheikh Ba, géographe africain, a redéfini la frontière tracée par la géographie africaniste de Paul Pélissier, son maître. Il analyse les contenus de leurs thèses, bibliographies, appels de références et correspondances afin de circonscrire leur champ épistémique. Il s’agit de caractériser la circulation des savoirs et d’analyser leur rapport différencié aux systèmes politiques colonial et postcolonial et à la discipline géographique. Les résultats montrent que Paul Pélissier et Cheikh Ba ont respectivement investi, environ un demi-siècle durant, de 1951 à 2000, les deux grands objets de la géographie rurale au Sénégal : l’agriculture et l’élevage. Même si on observe une identité problématique et thématique partagée par ces deux chercheurs, leurs approches diffèrent. La géographie politique, la géopolitique et la prise en compte de l’ensemble des échelles et temporalités ont constitué les marques de renouveau portées par Cheikh Ba comme empreinte proprement africaine à sa démarche.
colocr: An R package for conducting co-localization analysis on fluorescence microscopy images
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud , Lai Trang Huyen , Kim Deok Ryong 
Published: March 2019

Background The co-localization analysis of fluorescence microscopy images is a widely used tech- nique in biological research. It is often used to determine the co-distribution of two proteins inside the cell, suggesting that these two proteins could be functionally or physically associated. The limiting step in conducting microscopy image analysis in a graphical interface tool is the selection of the regions of interest for the co-localization of two proteins.
Implementation This package provides a simple straight forward workflow for loading fluorescence images, choosing regions of interest and calculating co-localization statistics. Included in the package is a shiny app that can be invoked locally to select the regions of interest where two proteins are interactively co-localized.
Availability colocr is available on the comprehensive R archive network, and the source code is available on GitHub as part of the ROpenSci collection, https://github.com/ropensci/colocr. Keywords: R package, co-localization, image-analysis, fluorescence microscopy, statistics
Identification of key genes, pathways and potential therapeutic agents for liver fibrosis using an integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhan Zhu , Chen Yuhe , Duan Yuanqin , Li Lin , Mew Kenley , Hu Peng , Ren Hong , Peng Mingli 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundLiver fibrosis is often a consequence of chronic liver injury, and has the potential to progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite being an important human disease, there are currently no approved anti-fibrotic drugs. In this study, we aim to identify the key genes and pathways governing the pathophysiological processes of liver fibrosis, and to screen therapeutic anti-fibrotic agents.MethodsExpression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by R packages (Affy and limma). Gene functional enrichments of each dataset were performed on the DAVID database. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and visualized in Cytoscape software. The hub genes were explored by the CytoHubba plugin app and validated in another GEO dataset and in a liver fibrosis cell model by quantitative real-time PCR assay. The Connectivity Map L1000 platform was used to identify potential anti-fibrotic agents.ResultsWe integrated three fibrosis datasets of different disease etiologies, incorporating a total of 70 severe (F3–F4) and 116 mild (F0–F1) fibrotic tissue samples. Gene functional enrichment analyses revealed that cell cycle was a pathway uniquely enriched in a dataset from those patients infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV), while the immune-inflammatory response was enriched in both the HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) datasets, but not in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) dataset. There was overlap between these three datasets; 185 total shared DEGs that were enriched for pathways associated with extracellular matrix constitution, platelet-derived growth-factor binding, protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling. In the PPI network, 25 hub genes were extracted and deemed to be essential genes for fibrogenesis, and the expression trends were consistent withGSE14323(an additional dataset) and liver fibrosis cell model, confirming the relevance of our findings. Among the 10 best matching anti-fibrotic agents, Zosuquidar and its corresponding gene target ABCB1 might be a novel anti-fibrotic agent or therapeutic target, but further work will be needed to verify its utility.ConclusionsThrough this bioinformatics analysis, we identified that cell cycle is a pathway uniquely enriched in HBV related dataset and immune-inflammatory response is clearly enriched in the virus-related datasets. Zosuquidar and ABCB1 might be a novel anti-fibrotic agent or target.