bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental Melts and Magma Storage of a Large-volume Dacite Eruption at Vetrovoy Isthmus (Iturup Island, Southern Kuril Islands): Insights into the Genesis of Subduction-zone Dacites
Authors: Smirnov S Z , Rybin A V , Kruk N N , Timina T Yu , Sokolova E N , Kuzmin D V , Maksimovich I A , Kotov A A , Shevko A Ya , Nizametdinov I R , Abersteiner A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Detailed mineralogical and melt and fluid inclusion constraints on magma storage, and the evolution of melts, are presented for the large-volume caldera eruption on the Vetrovoy Isthmus on Itutrup Island (Kuril Islands, Russia). The shallow magma reservoir beneath the Vetrovoy Isthmus is composed of a mush of plagio-rhyolitic melt, phenocrysts and the products of peritectic reaction(s). The melt appears to have formed as a result of partial melting of previously erupted rocks, which probably had andesitic to basaltic compositions and were metamorphosed into amphibole-bearing assemblages. The breakdown of amphibole in the partially melted precursor rocks led to the formation of early Mg-rich clino- and orthopyroxene, along with plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides, and the release of aqueous fluids. Variations in fluid pressure are recorded by a strong increase of An contents in plagioclase. Crystallization took place at around 850°C with pressure ranging from 0·9 to 3 kbar. This study demonstrates that dacitic magmas erupted during the course of a 20 kyr voluminous eruption were the result of mixing between plagio-rhyolitic partial melts and the breakdown reaction minerals (i.e. pyroxenes, plagioclase and Fe–Ti oxides). Plagioclase and quartz were the last minerals to crystallize from these melts prior to eruption.
Dispersal ability and niche breadth act synergistically to determine zooplankton but not phytoplankton metacommunity structure
Authors: Pujoni Diego Guimarães Florencio , Barros Cristiane Freitas de Azevedo , dos Santos Juliana Barreto Oliveira , Maia-Barbosa Paulina Maria , Barbosa Francisco Antônio Rodrigues 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is well known that both niche requirements and dispersal act together to structure communities; however, it remains unclear how the underlying mechanisms create the observed patterns in nature. In plankton communities, traits related to dispersal ability (e.g. body and propagule sizes) and niche breadth (i.e. habitat generalists and habitat specialists) have recently shown promise in this regard. Here, we hypothesized that body size (a proxy for dispersal ability) and niche breadth act together to determine limnetic plankton metacommunity structure in a tropical system of natural landlocked lakes in Brazil. Our hypotheses were partially supported for zooplankton community. Copepoda showed no relation to environmental variables, and the larger-bodied Calanoida was structured only by space. The Cladocera showed the largest spatial and environmental limitation. Rotifers showed the lowest association with space; however, its pure environmental fraction was higher than expected. The phytoplankton community was largely structured by both environment and space. The spatial limitation of this group was a clear divergence from our expectations. Lastly, we revealed that intragroup variation (when species were evaluated individually) was equal or larger than between group variation, indicating that group-specific traits may play a more important role in determining metacommunity structure.
Widespread Pressure Pain Sensitivity over Nerve Trunk Areas in Women with Frequent Episodic Tension-Type Headache as a Sign of Central Sensitization
Authors: Caamaño-Barrios Leandro H , Galán-del-Río Fernando , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , Plaza-Manzano Gustavo , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Ortega-Santiago Ricardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Previous studies reported the presence of widespread pressure pain sensitivity in patients with tension-type headache. However, most of the studies assessed pressure pain sensitivity over muscle tissue. Our aim was to investigate the difference in pressure pain sensitivity over musculoskeletal and nerve symptomatic and distant areas between women with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH) and healthy subjects.

Methods
Thirty-two women with FETTH and 32 matched healthy women participated. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was bilaterally assessed over several nerve trunks (greater occipital, median, radial, ulnar, common peroneal, tibialis posterior) and musculoskeletal structures (temporalis muscle, C5/C6 joint, tibialis anterior) by an assessor blinded to the subject’s condition. A four-week headache diary was used to collect the intensity, frequency, and duration of headache. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to determine anxiety and depressive levels.

Results
Analysis of covariance found lower widespread and bilateral PPTs over all nerve trunks and musculoskeletal structures in women with FETTH pain (P &lt; 0.001). No significant effect of anxiety and depressive levels on PPTs was found (all P &gt; 0.222). PPT over the temporalis muscle was significantly negatively correlated with headache intensity.

Conclusions
This study found widespread pressure pain hypersensitivity over both nerve trunks and musculoskeletal structures in women with FETTH, suggesting that the presence of central altered nociceptive processing is not just restricted to musculoskeletal areas, for example, muscles, but also pain evoked from directly provoking the nerve trunks by pressure. It is also possible that nerve tissue treatment could lead to a decrease in central sensitization and headache features.
Perturbing neutrino oscillations around the solar resonance
Authors: Martinez-Soler Ivan , Minakata Hisakazu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric neutrinos at low energies, $E \lesssim 500$ MeV, are known to be a rich source of information on lepton mixing parameters. We formulate a simple perturbative framework to elucidate the characteristic features of neutrino oscillation at around the solar-scale enhancement due to the matter effect. The clearest message that we could extract from our perturbation theory is that CP violation in the appearance oscillation probability is large, a factor of $\sim 10$ times larger than CP violation at around the atmospheric-scale oscillation maximum. The underlying mechanism for this is that one of the suppression factors on the CP phase-dependent terms due to the smallness of $\Delta m^2_{21} / \Delta m^2_{31}$ is dynamically lifted by the solar-scale enhancement. Our framework has a unique feature as a perturbation theory in which a large $\Delta m^2_{31}$ term outside the key 1-2 sector for the solar-scale resonance does not yield sizable corrections. On the contrary, the larger the $\Delta m^2_{31}$, the smaller the higher-order corrections.
Association between metabolic syndrome and knee structural change on MRI
Authors: Pan Feng , Tian Jing , Mattap Siti Maisarah , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with knee cartilage volume loss and bone marrow lesion (BML) change.

Methods
Longitudinal data on 435 participants from a population-based cohort study were analysed. Blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were collected. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. MRI of the right knee was performed to measure cartilage volume and BML. Radiographic knee OA was assessed by X-ray and graded using the Altman atlas for osteophytes and joint space narrowing.

Results
Thirty-two percent of participants had MetS and 60% had radiographic knee OA. In multivariable analysis, the following were independently associated with medial tibial cartilage volume loss: MetS, β = −0.30%; central obesity, β = −0.26%; and low HDL, β = −0.25% per annum. MetS, hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL were also associated with higher risk of BML size increase in the medial compartment (MetS: relative risk 1.72, 95% CI 1.22, 2.43; hypertriglyceridaemia: relative risk 1.43, 95% CI 1.01, 2.02; low HDL: relative risk 1.67, 95% CI 1.18, 2.36). After further adjustment for central obesity or BMI, MetS and low HDL remained statistically significant for medial tibial cartilage volume loss and BML size increase. The number of components of MetS correlated with greater cartilage volume loss and BML size increase (both P for trend <0.05). There were no statistically significant associations in the lateral compartment.

Conclusion
MetS and low HDL are associated with medial compartment cartilage volume loss and BML size increase, suggesting that targeting these factors has the potential to prevent or slow knee structural change.
Deprescribing at the end of life in older patients
Authors: Stinson Matthew J. , Gurevitz Samuel , Carrigan Anna 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
In the United States, the adult population that will need hospice and palliative care is expected to double in the next 40 years. In primary care, providers are often faced with tough decisions on how to manage patients' medications at the end of life. This article describes how to deprescribe in the last year of life.
Competence-Based Curriculum Development in Nursing Education: A Story From the Western Balkans
Authors: Bokonjić Dejan , Račić Maja , Mašić Srdjan , Oruč Mirza , Rybarova Lubica , Vidović Kristina , Drieghe Belinda , van Wieren Johan , Çurçija Erard , Seiti Luis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article describes the process of competence-based curriculum development in nursing education at Western Balkan (WB) universities. Nursing education in the WB has been noncompliant with the standard educational approaches of the European Union’s directive on regulated professions. The overall aim of the TEMPUS project “Competency-Based Curriculum Reform in Nursing and Caring in Western Balkan Universities” was to bring curricular reform for bachelor’s nursing education in the WB region in line with competence-based education and professional standards to demonstrate compliance with all member countries of the European Union.
A National Study of Longitudinal Consistency in ACGME Milestone Ratings by Clinical Competency Committees: Exploring an Aspect of Validity in the Assessment of Residents’ Competence
Authors: Hamstra Stanley J. , Yamazaki Kenji , Barton Melissa A. , Santen Sally A. , Beeson Michael S. , Holmboe Eric S. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
To investigate whether clinical competency committees (CCCs) were consistent in applying milestone ratings for first-year residents over time or whether ratings increased or decreased.

Method
Beginning in December 2013, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) initiated a phased-in requirement for reporting milestones; emergency medicine (EM), diagnostic radiology (DR), and urology (UR) were among the earliest reporting specialties. The authors analyzed CCC milestone ratings of first-year residents from 2013 to 2016 from all ACGME-accredited EM, DR, and UR programs for which they had data. The number of first-year residents in these programs ranged from 2,838 to 2,928 over this time period. The program-level average milestone rating for each subcompetency was regressed onto the time of observation using a random coefficient multilevel regression model.

Results
National average program-level milestone ratings of first-year residents decreased significantly over the observed time period for 32 of the 56 subcompetencies examined. None of the other subcompetencies showed a significant change. National average in-training examination scores for each of the specialties remained essentially unchanged over the time period, suggesting that differences between the cohorts were not likely an explanatory factor.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that CCCs tend to become more stringent or maintain consistency in their ratings of beginning residents over time. One explanation for these results is that CCCs may become increasingly comfortable in assigning lower ratings when appropriate. This finding is consistent with an increase in confidence with the milestone rating process and the quality of feedback it provides.
Natural History of Spastic Hip Disease
Authors: Lins Laura A.B. , Watkins Colyn J. , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy is common and related to a child’s gross motor function. Progressive lateral hip displacement can result in severe pain, impaired function and quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to identify the natural history of untreated spastic hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods:
A search of the literature was carried out using PubMed to identify papers describing the natural history of spastic hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy. Population-based studies, large retrospective cohort series, and randomized trials were included when available; expert opinion and case series were excluded.

Results:
A total of 79 articles were reviewed. Articles were then subdivided into 4 main categories: epidemiology, pathophysiology, outcome, and prevention. The prevalence of hip displacement as defined as a migration percentage >30% was found to be 33% in pooled population-based studies. The risk of hip displacement was found to be linked to a child’s gross motor function. Hip surveillance programs have been shown to be sustainable and capable of preventing hip dislocation. The majority of children with hip dislocation do develop pain, decreased function, and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Conclusions:
Children with cerebral palsy are at risk of progressive lateral hip displacement proportional to their gross motor function. Untreated progressive lateral hip displacement has been shown to negatively impact a child’s HRQOL and hip surveillance can decrease the incidence of hip dislocation.
The Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Weinstein Stuart L. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
Adolescent idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) affects 2% to 3% of the population of which only 0.3% to 0.5% of affected patients will have a curvature of >20 degrees, the curve magnitude at which treatment is generally recommended. For AIS the current natural history data is limited and most of the information comes from a small body of literature from the University of Iowa.

Methods:
The Iowa natural history studies began as retrospective reviews but beginning in 1976, the cohort was followed prospectively. Outcomes assessed in this group of patients included; mortality, pulmonary function, pregnancy-(effect of pregnancy on scoliosis and the effect of scoliosis on pregnancy), radiographic, curve progression, and osteoarthritis. In addition, validated questionnaires were used to evaluate back pain, pulmonary symptoms, general function, depression, and body image.

Results:
Patients with untreated AIS can function well as adults, become employed, get married, have children, and grow to become active older adults. Unfortunately, untreated scoliosis may lead to increased back pain and pulmonary symptoms for patients with large thoracic curves. Patients with untreated AIS can also develop substantial deformity, and the cosmetic aspect of this condition cannot be disregarded.

Conclusions:
The summary findings of this unique lifetime natural history of AIS patients provides patients and parents a solid evidence base upon which to make informed decisions.
Natural History of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Authors: Mathew Smitha E. , Larson A. Noelle 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) occurs at a rate of 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 children.

Methods:
A PubMed search was undertaken to evaluate recent SCFE literature. A convenience sample of articles were selected and summarized.

Results:
Most slips appear well tolerated long-term with ∼5% resulting in total hip arthroplasty (THA) at 20-year follow-up. Classic data reveals poor outcomes following closed reduction for treatment of SCFE. Improvements in intraoperative fluoroscopy and avoidance of pin penetration have reduced the rates of chondrolysis. Unfortunately, avascular necrosis remains a known risk in patients, occurring in 15% to 50% of patients following acute, unstable slips. This is the most common cause of THA in patients with SCFE. Rate of THA due to degenerative arthritis secondary to SCFE is more difficult to determine and occurs at a later age. Although realignment procedures to address anatomic abnormalities from SCFE have increased in popularity, it is unclear if this prevents degenerative arthritis and subsequently reduces the rate of THA. SCFE patients face an increased risk of disability and death due to their underlying medical comorbidities. Interventions for weight loss, blood pressure management, and lifestyle adjustments should be considered at the time of SCFE diagnosis.

Conclusions:
SCFE remains a challenging and common condition for pediatric orthopedists. Although innovative techniques have been proposed, long-term outcome data still supports in situ pinning for stable slips, and in situ pinning with capsular decompression for unstable slips to minimize the risk of avascular necrosis.
The Natural History of Pediatric and Adolescent Shoulder Dislocation
Authors: Franklin Corinna C. , Weiss Jennifer M. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Twenty percent of shoulder dislocations occur in people younger than 20 years old. Management of anterior shoulder instability in young patients remains an evolving and controversial topic. Herein we review the natural history of anterior shoulder dislocation in young patients.

Methods:
The English-language literature was searched for studies examining the natural history of pediatric and adolescent shoulder dislocation. Recurrent dislocation was the primary outcome of interest in most studies.

Results:
Most studies found that recurrent instability was likely in young patients. Several systematic reviews reported the recurrence rate for young patients to be >70%. Recurrent instability was likely to cause greater damage to the joint and may result in more extensive and costly surgery.

Conclusions:
Most studies agree that recurrent anterior shoulder instability is likely in young patients. Some authors advocate for consideration of early surgery in this high-risk population.
Mummified Cells are a Common Finding in Cutaneous Hodgkin Lymphoma and Can Be Used as a Diagnostic Clue
Authors: Kastnerova Liubov , Belousova Irena E. , Hadravsky Ladislav , Kerl Helmut , Cerroni Lorenzo , Kerl Katrin , Boudova Ludmila , Jindra Pavel , Cerna Katerina , Michal Michal , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:
Specific cutaneous involvement in Hodgkin lymphoma is rare. In cutaneous lesions, the diagnosis is usually based on the recognition of diagnostic Reed–Sternberg cells and its variants. In nodal Hodgkin lymphoma, so-called mummified cells (cells with condensed cytoplasm and pyknotic eosinophilic or basophilic nuclei) are often seen. They are sometimes conspicuous and easy to recognize, thus serving as a clue to the diagnosis. Our objective was to study cases of cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma to identify the occurrence of mummified cells. We studied 12 patients (4 women and 8 men; age range 23–80 years). In 6 patients, cutaneous and extracutaneous disease was identified almost simultaneously; in 4 patients, lymph node disease preceded cutaneous involvement; and in the remaining 2 patients, the skin lesions were the presenting sign, whereas lymph node involvement occurred later. Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular-genetic studies, including rearrangements for TCR, IgH genes, and PCR for EBV, were performed. Cutaneous biopsy specimens revealed either a multinodular or diffuse infiltrate, included small lymphocytes, eosinophils, plasma cells, and macrophages, but in all cases, diagnostic Reed–Sternberg cells and its variants were identified. Mummified cells were detected in 9 cases, either as occasional scattered mummified cells often requiring a search (6 cases) or being conspicuous, grouped and therefore easily identified (3 cases). Immunohistochemically, in all 7 cases studied, mummified cells were positive for both CD30 and CD15. It is concluded that mummified cells are encountered in a majority of cases of cutaneous Hodgkin lymphoma.
Scleromyxedematous Changes in a Patient With Long-Standing Mycosis Fungoides Who Progressed to Sézary Syndrome
Authors: Miraflor Allen P. , Pulitzer Melissa P. , Myskowski Patricia L. , Geller Shamir 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:
Mycosis fungoides (MF) variants with different clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features have been well-delineated. We report a case of scleromyxedematous changes arising in a patient with long-standing MF who progressed to Sézary syndrome (SS) shortly afterward. Total-skin electron-beam radiation therapy resulted in an excellent response, controlling both the MF/SS and the scleromyxedematous lesions; however, the patient died few months later. Although mucin deposition has been described in association with MF/SS (mainly follicular mucinosis in folliculotropic MF), there are limited reports in the literature on dermal mucinosis and scleromyxedematous changes in MF/SS. The mechanism of this association and its prognostic implications requires further investigation.
Quality Assessment of Dried Blood Spots from Patients With Tuberculosis from 4 Countries
Authors: Zuur Marlanka A. , Veenhof Herman , Aleksa Alena , van't Boveneind-Vrubleuskaya Natascha , Darmawan Endang , Hasnain Md Golam , Heysell Scott K. , Jongedijk Erwin M. , Koster Remco A. , Magis-Escurra Cecile , Martinez Nilza , Molinas Gladys , Mondal Dinesh , Mulyani Ully A. , Perwitasari Dyah A. , Tsivunchyk Andrej , Touw Daan J. , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a blood collection tool that uses a finger prick to obtain a blood drop on a DBS card. It can be used for therapeutic drug monitoring, a method that uses blood drug concentrations to optimize individual treatment. DBS sampling is believed to be a simpler way of blood collection compared with venous sampling. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of DBSs from patients with tuberculosis all around the world based on quality indicators in a structured assessment procedure.

Methods:
Total 464 DBS cards were obtained from 4 countries: Bangladesh, Belarus, Indonesia, and Paraguay. The quality of the DBS cards was assessed using a checklist consisting of 19 questions divided into 4 categories: the integrity of the DBS materials, appropriate drying time, blood volume, and blood spot collection.

Results:
After examination, 859 of 1856 (46%) blood spots did not comply with present quality criteria. In 625 cases (34%), this was due to incorrect blood spot collection. The DBS cards from Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Paraguay seemed to be affected by air humidity, causing the blood spots not to dry appropriately.

Conclusions:
New tools to help obtain blood spots of sufficient quality are necessary and environmental specific recommendations to determine plasma concentration correctly. In addition, 3% of the DBS cards were rejected because the integrity of the materials suggesting that the quality of plastic ziplock bags currently used to protect the DBS cards against contamination and humidity may not be sufficient.