bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for errors in quantum algorithms via individual error reduction
Authors: Otten Matthew , Gray Stephen K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe discuss a surprisingly simple scheme for accounting (and removal) of error in observables determined from quantum algorithms. A correction to the value of the observable is calculated by first measuring the observable with all error sources active and subsequently measuring the observable with each error source reduced separately. We apply this scheme to the variational quantum eigensolver, simulating the calculation of the ground state energy of equilibrium H2 and LiH in the presence of several noise sources, including amplitude damping, dephasing, thermal noise, and correlated noise. We show that this scheme provides a decrease in the needed quality of the qubits by up to two orders of magnitude. In near-term quantum computing, where full fault-tolerant error correction is too expensive, this scheme provides a route to significantly more accurate calculations.
Associations between SLC16A11 variants and diabetes in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Hidalgo Bertha A. , Sofer Tamar , Qi Qibin , Schneiderman Neil , Chen Y.-D. Ida , Kaplan Robert C. , Avilés-Santa M. Larissa , North Kari E. , Arnett Donna K. , Szpiro Adam , Cai Jianwen , Yu Bing , Boerwinkle Eric , Papanicolaou George , Laurie Cathy C. , Rotter Jerome I. , Stilp Adrienne M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFive sequence variants in SLC16A11 (rs117767867, rs13342692, rs13342232, rs75418188, and rs75493593), which occur in two non-reference haplotypes, were recently shown to be associated with diabetes in Mexicans from the SIGMA consortium. We aimed to determine whether these previous findings would replicate in the HCHS/SOL Mexican origin group and whether genotypic effects were similar in other HCHS/SOL groups. We analyzed these five variants in 2492 diabetes cases and 5236 controls from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), which includes U.S. participants from six diverse background groups (Mainland groups: Mexican, Central American, and South American; and Caribbean groups: Puerto Rican, Cuban, and Dominican). We estimated the SNP-diabetes association in the six groups and in the combined sample. We found that the risk alleles occur in two non-reference haplotypes in HCHS/SOL, as in the SIGMA Mexicans. The haplotype frequencies were very similar between SIGMA Mexicans and the HCHS/SOL Mainland groups, but different in the Caribbean groups. The SLC16A11 sequence variants were significantly associated with risk for diabetes in the Mexican origin group (P = 0.025), replicating the SIGMA findings. However, these variants were not significantly associated with diabetes in a combined analysis of all groups, although the power to detect such effects was 85% (assuming homogeneity of effects among the groups). Additional analyses performed separately in each of the five non-Mexican origin groups were not significant. We also analyzed (1) exclusion of young controls and, (2) SNP by BMI interactions, but neither was significant in the HCHS/SOL data. The previously reported effects of SLC16A11 variants on diabetes in Mexican samples was replicated in a large Mexican-American sample, but these effects were not significant in five non-Mexican Hispanic/Latino groups sampled from U.S. populations. Lack of replication in the HCHS/SOL non-Mexicans, and in the entire HCHS/SOL sample combined may represent underlying genetic heterogeneity. These results indicate a need for future genetic research to consider heterogeneity of the Hispanic/Latino population in the assessment of disease risk, but add to the evidence suggesting SLC16A11 as a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Remyelination promoting therapies in multiple sclerosis animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hooijmans Carlijn R. , Hlavica Martin , Schuler Florian A. F. , Good Nicolas , Good Andrin , Baumgartner Lisa , Galeno Gianluca , Schneider Marc P. , Jung Tarzis , de Vries Rob , Ineichen Benjamin V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn unmet but urgent medical need is the development of myelin repair promoting therapies for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Many such therapies have been pre-clinically tested using different models of toxic demyelination such as cuprizone, ethidium bromide, or lysolecithin and some of the therapies already entered clinical trials. However, keeping track on all these possible new therapies and their efficacy has become difficult with the increasing number of studies. In this study, we aimed at summarizing the current evidence on such therapies through a systematic review and at providing an estimate of the effects of tested interventions by a meta-analysis. We show that 88 different therapies have been pre-clinically tested for remyelination. 25 of them (28%) entered clinical trials. Our meta-analysis also identifies 16 promising therapies which did not enter a clinical trial for MS so far, among them Pigment epithelium-derived factor, Plateled derived growth factor, and Tocopherol derivate TFA-12.We also show that failure in bench to bedside translation from certain therapies may in part be attributable to poor study quality. By addressing these problems, clinical translation might be smoother and possibly animal numbers could be reduced.
Expression of recombinant glutamic acid decarboxylase in insect larvae and its application in an immunoassay for the diagnosis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus
Authors: Trabucchi Aldana , Bombicino Silvina S. , Targovnik Alexandra M. , Marfía Juan I. , Sabljic Adriana V. , Faccinetti Natalia I. , Guerra Luciano L. , Iacono Ruben F. , Miranda María V. , Valdez Silvina N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAutoimmune Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by the selective destruction of insulin producing beta cells in human pancreas. DM is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that bind a variety of islet-cell antigens. The 65 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) is a major autoantigen recognized by these autoantibodies. Autoantibodies to GAD65 (GADA) are considered predictive markers of the disease when tested in combination with other specific autoantibodies. In order to produce reliable immunochemical tests for large scale screening of autoimmune DM, large amounts of properly folded GAD65 are needed. Herein, we report the production of human GAD65 using the baculovirus expression system in two species of larvae, Rachiplusia nu and Spodoptera frugiperda. GAD65 was identified at the expected molecular weight, properly expressed with high yield and purity in both larvae species and presenting appropriate enzymatic activity. The immunochemical ability of recombinant GAD65 obtained from both larvae to compete with [35S]GAD65 was assessed qualitatively by incubating GADA-positive patients’ sera in the presence of 1 μM of the recombinant enzyme. All sera tested became virtually negative after incubation with antigen excess. Besides, radiometric quantitative competition assays with GADA-positive patients’ sera were performed by adding recombinant GAD65 (0.62 nM–1.4 µM). All dose response curves showed immunochemical identity between proteins. In addition, a bridge-ELISA for the detection of GADA was developed using S. frugiperda-GAD65. This assay proved to have 77.3% sensitivity and 98.2% of specificity. GAD65 could be expressed in insect larvae, being S. frugiperda the best choice due to its high yield and purity. The development of a cost effective immunoassay for the detection of GADA was also afforded.
Biodegradation of naphthalene, BTEX, and aliphatic hydrocarbons by Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans BN5 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil
Authors: Lee Yunho , Lee Yunhee , Jeon Che Ok 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo isolate bacteria responsible for the biodegradation of naphthalene, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene), and aliphatic hydrocarbons in petroleum-contaminated soil, three enrichment cultures were established using soil extract as the medium supplemented with naphthalene, BTEX, or n-hexadecane. Community analyses showed that Paraburkholderia species were predominant in naphthalene and BTEX, but relatively minor in n-hexadecane. Paraburkholderia aromaticivorans BN5 was able to degrade naphthalene and all BTEX compounds, but not n-hexadecane. The genome of strain BN5 harbors genes encoding 29 monooxygenases including two alkane 1-monooxygenases and 54 dioxygenases, indicating that strain BN5 has versatile metabolic capabilities, for diverse organic compounds: the ability of strain BN5 to degrade short chain aliphatic hydrocarbons was verified experimentally. The biodegradation pathways of naphthalene and BTEX compounds were bioinformatically predicted and verified experimentally through the analysis of their metabolic intermediates. Some genomic features including the encoding of the biodegradation genes on a plasmid and the low sequence homologies of biodegradation-related genes suggest that biodegradation potentials of strain BN5 may have been acquired via horizontal gene transfers and/or gene duplication, resulting in enhanced ecological fitness by enabling strain BN5 to degrade all compounds including naphthalene, BTEX, and short aliphatic hydrocarbons in contaminated soil.
Immune cell characteristics and cytokine responses in adult HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis: an observational cohort study
Authors: van Laarhoven Arjan , Dian Sofiati , van Dorp Suzanne , Purnama Feby , Koeken Valerie A. C. M. , Diandini Emira , Utami Fitria , Livia Resvi , Apriani Lika , Ardiansyah Edwin , ter Horst Rob , Netea Mihai G. , Achmad Tri Hanggono , Hill Philip C. , Ruslami Rovina , Alisjahbana Bachti , Ussher James E. , Indrati Agnes , Verrall Ayesha , Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImmunopathology contributes to high mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) but little is known about the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune response. We prospectively characterised the immune response of 160 TBM suspects in an Indonesian cohort, including 67 HIV-negative probable or definite TBM cases. TBM patients presented with severe disease and 38% died in 6 months. Blood from TBM patients analysed by flow cytometry showed lower αβT and γδT cells, NK cells and MAIT cells compared to 26 pulmonary tuberculosis patients (2.4-4-fold, all p < 0.05) and 27 healthy controls (2.7-7.6-fold, p < 0.001), but higher neutrophils and classical monocytes (2.3-3.0-fold, p < 0.001). CSF leukocyte activation was higher than in blood (1.8-9-fold). CSF of TBM patients showed a predominance of αβT and NK cells, associated with better survival. Cytokine production after ex-vivo stimulation of whole blood showed a much broader range in TBM compared to both control groups (p < 0.001). Among TBM patients, high ex-vivo production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 correlated with fever, lymphocyte count and monocyte HLA-DR expression (all p < 0.05). TBM patients show a strong myeloid blood response, with a broad variation in immune function. This may influence the response to adjuvant treatment and should be considered in future trials of host-directed therapy.
Bacterial DNA translocation contributes to systemic inflammation and to minor changes in the clinical outcome of liver transplantation
Authors: Rodríguez-Laiz Gonzalo P. , Zapater Pedro , Melgar Paola , Alcázar Cándido , Franco Mariano , Giménez Paula , Pascual Sonia , Bellot Pablo , Palazón José M. , Rodríguez María , Carnicer Fernando , Más-Serrano Patricio , González-Navajas José M. , Gómez Luís , Such José , Lluís Félix , Francés Rubén ,   on behalf of the Liver Transplantation Group, de Santiago Carlos , Navarro José , Martínez Francisco , Galiana María , Salas Esteban , Palomar Inmaculada , Irurzun Javier , Bernabé Juan Matías , Perdiguero Miguel , Díaz María , Lozano Teresa , Merino Esperanza , Almanza Susana , Mataix José M , Orts Pedro , Jaime Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBacterial (bact)DNA is an immunogenic product that frequently translocates into the blood in cirrhosis. We evaluated bactDNA clearance in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) and its association with inflammation and clinically relevant complications. We prospectively included patients consecutively admitted for LT in a one-year follow-up study. We evaluated bactDNA before and during the first month after LT, quantifying cytokine response at 30 days. One hundred patients were included. BactDNA was present in the blood of twenty-six patients undergoing LT. Twenty-four of these showed bactDNA in the portal vein, matching peripheral blood-identified bactDNA in 18 cases. Thirty-four patients showed bactDNA in blood during the first month after LT. Median TNF-α and IL-6 levels one month after LT were significantly increased in patients with versus without bactDNA. Serum TNF-α at baseline was an independent risk factor for bactDNA translocation during the first month after LT in the multivariate analysis (Odds ratio (OR) 1.14 [1.04 to 1.29], P = 0.015). One-year readmission was independently associated with the presence of bactDNA during the first month after LT (Hazard ratio (HR) 2.75 [1.39 to 5.45], P = 0.004). The presence of bactDNA in the blood of LT recipients was not shown to have any impact on complications such as death, graft rejection, bacterial or CMV infections. The rate of bactDNA translocation persists during the first month after LT and contributes to sustained inflammation. This is associated with an increased rate of readmissions in the one-year clinical outcome after LT.
Nanoparticle administration method in cell culture alters particle-cell interaction
Authors: Moore Thomas L. , Urban Dominic A. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Laura , Milosevic Ana , Crippa Federica , Spuch-Calvar Miguel , Balog Sandor , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Lattuada Marco , Petri-Fink Alke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs a highly interdisciplinary field, working with nanoparticles in a biomedical context requires a robust understanding of soft matter physics, colloidal behaviors, nano-characterization methods, biology, and bio-nano interactions. When reporting results, it can be easy to overlook simple, seemingly trivial experimental details. In this context, we set out to understand howin vitrotechnique, specifically the way we administer particles in 2D culture, can influence experimental outcomes. Gold nanoparticles coated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) were added to J774A.1 mouse monocyte/macrophage cultures as either a concentrated bolus, a bolus then mixed via aspiration, or pre-mixed in cell culture media. Particle-cell interaction was monitored via inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and we found that particles administered in a concentrated dose interacted more with cells compared to the pre-mixed administration method. Spectroscopy studies reveal that the initial formation of the protein corona upon introduction to cell culture media may be responsible for the differences in particle-cell interaction. Modeling of particle deposition using thein vitrosedimentation, diffusion and dosimetry model helped to clarify what particle phenomena may be occurring at the cellular interface. We found that particle administration methodin vitrohas an effect on particle-cell interactions (i.e. cellular adsorption and uptake). Initial introduction of particles in to complex biological media has a lasting effect on the formation of the protein corona, which in turn mediates particle-cell interaction. It is of note that a minor detail, the way in which we administer particles in cell culture, can have a significant effect on what we observe regarding particle interactionsin vitro.
Valve-like dynamics of gas flow through a packed crystal mush and cyclic strombolian explosions
Authors: Barth Anna , Edmonds Marie , Woods Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStrombolian volcanic explosions are commonly attributed to the rise and burst of conduit-filling gas slugs. The magmas associated with strombolian activity, however, are typically not only volatile-rich but also highly crystalline, with mush regions in the shallow plumbing system, where an exsolved volatile phase may also be abundant. Through analogue experiments, we explore a new mechanism to form gas slugs and strombolian explosions. A steady flux of gas is supplied to the base of a particle-rich liquid layer, generating a localised gas intrusion, which initially grows through plastic deformation. Once the pressure in the intrusion overcomes the effective tensile strength of the particle pack, a localised channel opens, allowing gas to propagate upwards. As the pressure in the intrusion falls, the gas pocket collapses. The continued supply of gas leads to the formation of a new intrusion, and the cycle repeats. With higher gas fluxes, continuous channelised gas flow occurs. Highly crystalline shallow portions of basaltic conduits may act as a flow valve, transforming a steady gas flux into a series of discrete gas slugs which cause explosions.
Circadian transcription factor HSF1 regulates differential HSP70 gene transcription during the arousal-torpor cycle in mammalian hibernation
Authors: Tsukamoto Daisuke , Hasegawa Tomoko , Hirose Shin-ichi , Sakurai Yukina , Ito Michihiko , Takamatsu Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMammalian hibernation is a seasonal phenomenon. The hibernation season consists of torpor periods with a reduced body temperature (Tb), interrupted by euthermic arousal periods (interbout arousal, IBA). The physiological changes associated with hibernation are assumed to be under genetic control. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern hibernation-associated gene regulation are still unclear. We found that HSP70 transcription is upregulated in the liver of nonhibernating (summer-active) chipmunks compared with hibernating (winter-torpid) ones. In parallel, HSF1, the major transcription factor for HSP70 expression, is abundant in the liver-cell nuclei of nonhibernating chipmunks, and disappears from the nuclei of hibernating ones. Moreover, during IBA, HSF1 reappears in the nuclei and drives HSP70 transcription. In mouse liver, HSF1 is regulated by the daily Tb rhythm, and acts as a circadian transcription factor. Taken together, chipmunks similarly use the Tb rhythm to regulate gene expression via HSF1 during the torpor-arousal cycle in the hibernation season.
Eco-friendly 2-Thiobarbituric acid as a corrosion inhibitor for API 5L X60 steel in simulated sweet oilfield environment: Electrochemical and surface analysis studies
Authors: Usman Bashir J. , Gasem Zuhair M. , Umoren Saviour A. , Solomon Moses M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe corrosion inhibition efficiency of 2-Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) for metal substrate (API X60 steel) in 3.5% NaCl solution saturated with CO2gas was probed using various techniques namely, LPR (linear polarization resistance), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and PDP (potentiodynamic polarization). The effects of TBA concentration (25–100 ppm), solution pH (4 and 6), temperature (25–80 °C), and immersion time (2–72 h) on the inhibition efficiency were examined. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and XPS (X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy) were deployed to explore the corrosion retardation mechanism. TBA exhibited protection efficiencies exceeding 90% for all experimental conditions considered. The excellent anticorrosion performance by TBA was retained up to 72 hours of immersion time. PDP results exhibited that TBA behaved as a mixed type inhibitor. Results from kinetics and thermodynamics analyses indicate that TBA chemically adsorbed on the steel surface following Langmuir isotherm model. The composition of the adsorbed TBA film has been analyzed by XPS.
Asymmetry-enriched electronic and optical properties of bilayer graphene
Authors: Huang Bor-Luen , Chuu Chih-Piao , Lin Ming-Fa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe electronic and optical response of Bernal stacked bilayer graphene with geometry modulation and gate voltage are studied. The broken symmetry in sublattices, one dimensional periodicity perpendicular to the domain wall and out-of-plane axis introduces substantial changes of wavefunctions, such as gapless topological protected states, standing waves with bonding and anti-bonding characteristics, rich structures in density of states and optical spectra. The wavefunctions present well-behaved standing waves in pure system and complicated node structures in geometry-modulated system. The optical absorption spectra show forbidden optical excitation channels, prominent asymmetric absorption peaks, and dramatic variations in absorption structures. These results provide that the geometry-modulated structure with tunable gate voltage could be used for electronic and optical manipulation in future graphene-based devices.
Neuropeptides PDF and DH31 hierarchically regulate free-running rhythmicity in Drosophila circadian locomotor activity
Authors: Goda Tadahiro , Umezaki Yujiro , Alwattari Fay , Seo Hanna W. , Hamada Fumika N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNeuropeptides play pivotal roles in modulating circadian rhythms. Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is critical to the circadian rhythms in Drosophila locomotor activity. Here, we demonstrate that diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) complements PDF function in regulating free-running rhythmicity using male flies. We determined that Dh31 loss-of-function mutants (Dh31#51) showed normal rhythmicity, whereas Dh31#51;Pdf01 double mutants exhibited a severe arrhythmic phenotype compared to Pdf-null mutants (Pdf01). The expression of tethered-PDF or tethered-DH31 in clock cells, posterior dorsal neurons 1 (DN1ps), overcomes the severe arrhythmicity of Dh31#51;Pdf01 double mutants, suggesting that DH31 and PDF may act on DN1ps to regulate free-running rhythmicity in a hierarchical manner. Unexpectedly, the molecular oscillations in Dh31#51;Pdf01 mutants were similar to those in Pdf01 mutants in DN1ps, indicating that DH31 does not contribute to molecular oscillations. Furthermore, a reduction in Dh31 receptor (Dh31r) expression resulted in normal locomotor activity and did not enhance the arrhythmic phenotype caused by the Pdf receptor (Pdfr) mutation, suggesting that PDFR, but not DH31R, in DN1ps mainly regulates free-running rhythmicity. Taken together, we identify a novel role of DH31, in which DH31 and PDF hierarchically regulate free-running rhythmicity through DN1ps.