bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the modified Rankin Scale in Russia
Authors: Suponeva N. A. , Yusupova D. G. , Zhirova E. S. , Melchenko D. A. , Taratukhina A. S. , Butkovskaya А. A. , Ilyina K. A. , Zaitsev A. B. , Zimin A. A. , Klochkov A. S. , Lyukmanov R. Kh. , Kalinkina M. E. , Piradov M. А. , Kotov-Smolensky A. M. , Khizhnikova A. E. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: to develop a Russian version of the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and to assess its psychometric properties.Patients and methods. The investigation involved 50 patients (25 women, 25 men) over 18 years of age (mean age, 56 years) with an acute cerebrovascular accident diagnosis. During the validation procedure, the authors carried out the linguocultural ratification of mRS, prepared its Russian-language version, and then assessed its psychometric properties (reliability, sensitivity, validity).Results and discussion. Translation and linguistic adaptation of mRS was successfully completed. The results obtained in assessing the psychometric properties of the developed Russian version of the scale reflect its high reliability and the valid and reliable indicators of its sensitivity. A statistical study of constructive and content validity also determined the high significance of differences.Conclusion. The investigation has resulted in the official Russian version of mRS, which is recommended for use by neurologists and rehabilitation specialists in both daily clinical practice and in clinical trials.
The reasons for an unjustified visit by patients with somatoform disorders to general practitioners
Authors: Pogosov A. V. , Laskov V. B. , Bogushevskaya Yu. V. 
Published: December 2018

Patients with somatoform disorders (SD) seek specialized psychiatric care late. Although many factors that prevent the timely visits by patients with SD for specialized psychiatric care are known, this problem requires further study.Objective: to analyze the role of information sources and iatrogenic factors in unreasonably selecting a specialist by patients with SD to visit him/her for primary medical advice.Patients and methods. Sixty-six women aged 19 to 40 years with new-onset SD (F 45.0) were examined. Two patient groups were identified: a study group of 41 patients (mean age, 31.5+1.2years) and a comparison group of 25 (mean age, 31.6+0.8years) (p>0.5). Primary care physicians had examined and treated the study group patients long (for 1 to 6 years) before their visit to a psychiatrist. The comparison group patients had been seen by a psychiatrist just in the first year of the disease.Anamnestic, clinical, andpsychopathological methods were used when examining the patients.Results and discussion. For their first visit, the patients with SD had selected a therapist and a neurologist more frequently and a cardiologist and an endocrinologist somewhat less frequently. This selection was also affected by the specialists' high titles, psychiatric consultation-avoiding behavior, and conversion mechanisms. Acquaintances' advice and Internet information as health information sources contribute to the unjustified revisits by these patients to primary medical specialists for a long time. Iatrogenic mechanisms were found to play a role in forming a false concept of a disease and destructive behavioral strategies leading to the chronization and progression of SD. Patients with SD who are long and ineffectively exposed to numerous diagnostic procedures and ineffective treatment in the primary health care need psychiatric counseling and psychotherapeutic support.Conclusion. The diagnosis of SD remains ineffective in an outpatient setting. There is a need for an educational program on SD within the continuing health education system.
Chemoreactome analysis of tolperisone, tizanidine, and baclofen molecules: anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and analgesic mechanisms of action
Authors: Torshin I. Yu. , Gromova O. A. , Stakhovskaya L. V. , Semenov V. A. 
Published: December 2018

Muscle relaxants are used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. The exact molecular mechanisms of action of muscle relaxants are not always clear. Some muscle relaxants show mainly an anticholinergic effect, others have GABAergic one; they differ in accumulation in muscles, central nervous system, and other tissues.Objective:to carry out a comparative chemoreactome analysis of tolperisone with tizanidine and baclofen, allowing the pharmacological action of each of the molecules to be specified.Material and methods. The investigators applied a chemoinformational approach, i.e. compared the chemical structure of the studied molecules with the structures of millions of other molecules, for which the molecular and pharmacological properties are known. The analysis is based on the latest machine learning technologies developed within the framework of the theory of combinatorial solvability analysis, the theory of topological and metric approaches to analyzing the features of the so-called big data.Results and discussion. Tolperisone was most likely to accumulate in the skeletal muscles, adrenal cortex, and hypothalamus. The drug caused a muscle relaxant effect through cholinergic action, practically without affecting adrenergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic neurotransmission. Each of the studied molecules was established to exert dose-dependent antispasmodic and analgesic effects. Tolperisone was shown to have antithrombotic and antiinflammatory effects due to inhibition of the activity of tumor necrosis factor-a and to modulation of the metabolism ofprostaglandins and leukotrienes.Conclusion.Significant differences were found in the mechanisms of molecular action of tolperisone, tizanidine, and baclofen, which was responsible for differences in the time of onset and duration of action of a muscle relaxant, in the action on CNS or peripheral nervous system neurons, as well as in additionalpleiotropic effects and adverse reactions.
Pharmacogenetics of schizophrenia in real clinical practice: a clinical case
Authors: Nasyrova R. F. , Schnaider N. A. , Mironov K. O. , Shipulin G. A. , Dribnokhodova O. P. , Golosov E. A. , Tolmachev M. Yu. , Andreev B. V. , Kurylev A. A. , Akhmetova L. Sh. , Limankin О. V. , Neznanov N. G. 
Published: December 2018

Schizophrenia is a socially significant mental disorder characterized by early onset and high time and financial expenditure on treatment. The basic drugs in these patients are antipsychotics that are highly effective against the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but at the same time have a wide range of adverse reactions (ARs). The clinical effect and tolerability of antipsychotics are variable and depend on the characteristics of genetically determined mechanisms (transportation, biotransformation, and elimination).The paper describes a clinical case of a female patient with schizophrenia who has been noted to be unresponsive to antipsychotic therapy for some years after the onset of the disease. After pharmacogenetic testing, she was found to be homozygous for the nonfunctional allelic variant CYP2D6*4 (1934 G>A, rs3892097), which was the reason for the complete shutdown of isoenzyme 2D6 activity and the development of ARs in the use of initial doses of antipsychotic drugs, as well as for an increase in the severity of ARs with aggravation of psycho-producing symptoms with an even slow titration of the daily dose.
Importance of reporting ancillary site characteristics, and management and disturbance information at ICOS stations
Authors: Saunders Matthew , Dengel Sigrid , Kolari Pasi , Moureaux Christine , Montagnani Leonardo , Ceschia Eric , Altimir Nuria , López-Ballesteros Ana , Marańon-Jimenez Sara , Acosta Manuel , Klumpp Katja , Gielen Bert , de Beeck Maarten Op , Hörtnagl Lukas , Merbold Lutz , Osborne Bruce , Grünwald Thomas , Arrouays Dominique , Boukir Hakima , Saby Nicolas , Nicolini Giacomo , Papale Dario , Jones Michael 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
There are many factors that influence ecosystem scale carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gas dynamics, including the inherent heterogeneity of soils and vegetation, anthropogenic management interventions, and biotic and abiotic disturbance events. It is important therefore, to document the characteristics of the soils and vegetation and to accurately report all management activities, and disturbance events to aid the interpretation of collected data, and to determine whether the ecosystem either amplifies or mitigates climate change. This paper outlines the importance of assessing both the spatial and temporal variability of soils and vegetation and to report all management events, the import or export of C or N from the ecosystem, and the occurrence of biotic/abiotic disturbances at ecosystem stations of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, a pan-European research infrastructure.
Eddy covariance raw data processing for CO2 and energy fluxes calculation at ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Sabbatini Simone , Mammarella Ivan , Arriga Nicola , Fratini Gerardo , Graf Alexander , Hörtnagl Lukas , Ibrom Andreas , Longdoz Bernard , Mauder Matthias , Merbold Lutz , Metzger Stefan , Montagnani Leonardo , Pitacco Andrea , Rebmann Corinna , Sedlák Pavel , Šigut Ladislav , Vitale Domenico , Papale Dario 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The eddy covariance is a powerful technique to estimate the surface-atmosphere exchange of different scalars at the ecosystem scale. The EC method is central to the ecosystem component of the Integrated Carbon Observation System, a monitoring network for greenhouse gases across the European Continent. The data processing sequence applied to the collected raw data is complex, and multiple robust options for the different steps are often available. For Integrated Carbon Observation System and similar networks, the standardisation of methods is essential to avoid methodological biases and improve comparability of the results. We introduce here the steps of the processing chain applied to the eddy covariance data of Integrated Carbon Observation System stations for the estimation of final CO2, water and energy fluxes, including the calculation of their uncertainties. The selected methods are discussed against valid alternative options in terms of suitability and respective drawbacks and advantages. The main challenge is to warrant standardised processing for all stations in spite of the large differences in e.g. ecosystem traits and site conditions. The main achievement of the Integrated Carbon Observation System eddy covariance data processing is making CO2 and energy flux results as comparable and reliable as possible, given the current micrometeorological understanding and the generally accepted state-of-the-art processing methods.
Standardisation of chamber technique for CO2, N2O and CH4 fluxes measurements from terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Pavelka Marian , Acosta Manuel , Kiese Ralf , Altimir Núria , Brümmer Christian , Crill Patrick , Darenova Eva , Fuß Roland , Gielen Bert , Graf Alexander , Klemedtsson Leif , Lohila Annalea , Longdoz Bernhard , Lindroth Anders , Nilsson Mats , Jiménez Sara Maraňón , Merbold Lutz , Montagnani Leonardo , Peichl Matthias , Pihlatie Mari , Pumpanen Jukka , Ortiz Penelope Serrano , Silvennoinen Hanna , Skiba Ute , Vestin Patrik , Weslien Per , Janous Dalibor , Kutsch Werner 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chamber measurements of trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere have been conducted for almost a century. Different chamber techniques, including static and dynamic, have been used with varying degrees of success in estimating greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes. However, all of these have certain disadvantages which have either prevented them from providing an adequate estimate of greenhouse gas exchange or restricted them to be used under limited conditions. Generally, chamber methods are relatively low in cost and simple to operate. In combination with the appropriate sample allocations, chamber methods are adaptable for a wide variety of studies from local to global spatial scales, and they are particularly well suited for in situ and laboratory-based studies. Consequently, chamber measurements will play an important role in the portfolio of the Pan-European long-term research infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observation System. The respective working group of the Integrated Carbon Observation System Ecosystem Monitoring Station Assembly has decided to ascertain standards and quality checks for automated and manual chamber systems instead of defining one or several standard systems provided by commercial manufacturers in order to define minimum requirements for chamber measurements. The defined requirements and recommendations related to chamber measurements are described here.
Assimilating phenology datasets automatically across ICOS ecosystem stations
Authors: Hufkens Koen , Filippa Gianluca , Cremonese Edoardo , Migliavacca Mirco , D’Odorico Petra , Peichl Matthias , Gielen Bert , Hörtnagl Lukas , Soudani Kamel , Papale Dario , Rebmann Corinna , Brown Tim , Wingate Lisa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The presence or absence of leaves within plant canopies exert a strong influence on the carbon, water and energy balance of ecosystems. Identifying key changes in the timing of leaf elongation and senescence during the year can help to understand the sensitivity of different plant functional types to changes in temperature. When recorded over many years these data can provide information on the response of ecosystems to long-term changes in climate. The installation of digital cameras that take images at regular intervals of plant canopies across the Integrated Carbon Observation System ecosystem stations will provide a reliable and important record of variations in canopy state, colour and the timing of key phenological events. Here, we detail the procedure for the implementation of cameras on Integrated Carbon Observation System flux towers and how these images will help us understand the impact of leaf phenology and ecosystem function, distinguish changes in canopy structure from leaf physiology and at larger scales will assist in the validation of (future) remote sensing products. These data will help us improve the representation of phenological responses to climatic variability across Integrated Carbon Observation System stations and the terrestrial biosphere through the improvement of model algorithms and the provision of validation datasets.
Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions inTectaY1870C/+Mice Reflect Changes in Cochlear Amplification and How It Is Controlled by the Tectorial Membrane
Authors: Cheatham Mary Ann , Zhou Yingjie , Goodyear Richard J. , Dallos Peter , Richardson Guy P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSpontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) recorded from the ear canal in the absence of sound reflect cochlear amplification, an outer hair cell (OHC) process required for the extraordinary sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing. Although wild-type mice rarely emit, those with mutations that influence the tectorial membrane (TM) show an incidence of SOAEs similar to that in humans. In this report, we characterized mice with a missense mutation inTecta,a gene required for the formation of the striated-sheet matrix within the core of the TM. Mice heterozygous for the Y1870C mutation (TectaY1870C/+) are prolific emitters, despite a moderate hearing loss. Additionally, Kimura’s membrane, into which the OHC stereocilia insert, separates from the main body of the TM, except at apical cochlear locations. Multimodal SOAEs are also observed inTectaY1870C/+mice where energy is present at frequencies that are integer multiples of a lower-frequency SOAE (the primary). Second-harmonic SOAEs, at twice the frequency of a lower-frequency primary, are the most frequently observed. These secondary SOAEs are found in spatial regions where stimulus-evoked OAEs are small or in the noise floor. Introduction of high-level suppressors just above the primary SOAE frequency reduce or eliminate both primary and second-harmonic SOAEs. In contrast, second-harmonic SOAEs are not affected by suppressors, either above or below the second-harmonic SOAE frequency, even when they are much larger in amplitude. Hence, second-harmonic SOAEs do not appear to be spatially separated from their primaries, a finding that has implications for cochlear mechanics and the consequences of changes to TM structure.
Active Zone Proteins RIM1αβ Are Required for Normal Corticostriatal Transmission and Action Control
Authors: Kupferschmidt David A. , Augustin Shana M. , Johnson Kari A. , Lovinger David M. 
Published: December 2018

Dynamic regulation of synaptic transmission at cortical inputs to the dorsal striatum is considered critical for flexible and efficient action learning and control. Presynaptic mechanisms governing the properties and plasticity of glutamate release from these inputs are not fully understood, and the corticostriatal synaptic processes that support normal action learning and control remain unclear. Here we show in male and female mice that conditional deletion of presynaptic proteins RIM1αβ (RIM1) from excitatory cortical neurons impairs corticostriatal synaptic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum. Key forms of presynaptic G-protein-coupled receptor-mediated short- and long-term striatal plasticity are spared following RIM1 deletion. Conditional RIM1 KO mice show heightened novelty-induced locomotion and impaired motor learning on the accelerating rotarod. They further show heightened self-paced instrumental responding for food and impaired learning of a habitual instrumental response strategy. Together, these findings reveal a selective role for presynaptic RIM1 in neurotransmitter release at prominent basal ganglia synapses, and provide evidence that RIM1-dependent processes help to promote the refinement of skilled actions, constrain goal-directed behaviors, and support the learning and use of habits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur daily functioning hinges on the ability to flexibly and efficiently learn and control our actions. How the brain encodes these capacities is unclear. Here we identified a selective role for presynaptic proteins RIM1αβ in controlling glutamate release from cortical inputs to the dorsolateral striatum, a brain structure critical for action learning and control. Behavioral analysis of mice with restricted genetic deletion of RIM1αβ further revealed roles for RIM1αβ-dependent processes in the learning and refinement of motor skills and the balanced expression of goal-directed and habitual actions.
Educational Series in Congenital Heart Disease: Tetralogy of Fallot: diagnosis to long-term follow-up
Authors: Bedair R. , Iriart X. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect, affecting 3 in 10,000 live births. Surgical correction in early childhood is associated with good outcomes, but lifelong follow-up is necessary to identify the long-term sequelae that may occur. This article will cover the diagnosis of TOF in childhood, the objectives of surveillance through adulthood and the value of multi-modality imaging in identifying and guiding timely surgical and percutaneous interventions.
Penerapan Pola Orang Tua Asuh terhadap Remaja Putus Sekolah di Panti Sosial Bina Remaja (PSBR) Bambu Apus Jakarta Timur
Authors: Priayudana Maygie 
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Teenagers or adolescents are perceived as an investment and accordingly seen as a potential for the welfare and nation assets in the future by parents. It is important to produce generation serving as the backbone of a nation need an early preparation by the parents through fulfillment of physical, mental and social needs in accordance with growth period. As an institution responsible for the problems of a dropping out teenage, PSBR Bambu Apus of East Jakarta is in charge of providing a professional social services for a drop-outs cases. In cooperation with other social institutions, PSBR provides a holistic guidance and services by using different care systems such as dormitories as residence and socialization of beneficiaries through foster parents. This research is a qualitative study providing an overview of how the implementation of foster parent patterns for a drop out teenagers. Abstrak. Anak atau remaja merupakan investasi bagi orang tua, bahkan merupakan potensi kesejahteraan serta aset bangsa di masa depan. Untuk mencetak generasi yang kelak dapat menjadi tulang punggung bangsanya harus dipersiapkan sejak dini oleh orang tua melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan baik fisik, mental maupun sosial yang sesuai dengan masa tumbuh kembangnya, menjadi penting. Sebagai instansi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap permasalahan remaja putus sekolah terlantar, PSBR Bambu Apus Jakarta Timur bertugas memberikan pelayanan sosial secara profesional bagi remaja putus sekolah terlantar. PSBR melakukan bimbingan dan pelayanan yang bersifat holistik dengan menggunakan sistem asuhan yang berbeda dengan sistem di panti sosial lain yang menggunakan asrama sebagai tempat tinggal dan tempat sosialisasi para penerima manfaat yaitu melalui orang tua asuh. Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan penelitian kualitatif yang akan memberikan gambaran bagaimana penerapan pola orang tua asuh terhadap remaja putus sekolah.