bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification of Cassava Serine/Arginine-Rich Proteins: Insights into Alternative Splicing of Pre-mRNAs and Response to Abiotic Stress
Authors: Gu Jinbao , Ma Siya , Zhang Yuna , Wang Dong , Cao Shuqing , Wang Zhen-Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins have an essential role in the splicing of pre-messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in eukaryote. Pre-mRNA with introns can be alternatively spliced to generate multiple transcripts, thereby increasing adaptation to the external stress conditions in planta. However, pre-mRNA of SR proteins can also be alternatively spliced in different plant tissues and in response to diverse stress treatments, indicating that SR proteins might be involved in regulating plant development and adaptation to environmental changes. We identified and named 18 SR proteins in cassava and systematically studied their splicing and transcriptional changes under tissue-specific and abiotic stress conditions. Fifteen out of 18 SR genes showed alternative splicing in the tissues. 45 transcripts were found from 18 SR genes under normal conditions, whereas 55 transcripts were identified, and 21 transcripts were alternate spliced in some SR genes under salt stress, suggesting that SR proteins might participate in the plant adaptation to salt stress. We then found that overexpression of MeSR34 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to salt stress through maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis and increasing the expression of calcineurin B-like proteins (CBL)–CBL-interacting protein kinases and osmotic stress-related genes. Therefore, our findings highlight the critical role of cassava SR proteins as regulators of RNA splicing and salt tolerance in planta.
Characterizing and Understanding the Low Back Pain Experience Among Persons with Lower Limb Loss
Authors: Butowicz Courtney M , Silfies Sheri P , Vendemia Jennifer , Farrokhi Shawn , Hendershot Brad D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
This study preliminarily characterizes and compares the impact of lower limb loss and development of chronic low back pain (cLBP) on psychosocial factors, as well as the relationship between these factors and low back pain–related functional disability.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Methods
Participants were adults, active duty or retired military, with traumatic lower limb loss with and without chronic low back pain. Psychosocial factors and low back pain–related functional disability were measured using common clinical self-report questionnaires. The presence of psychosocial factors was compared between those with and without cLBP using multivariate analysis of covariance (P &lt; 0.05), and correlations determined relationships between psychosocial factors and cLBP-related functional disability.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences among psychosocial factors between those with vs without cLBP (F(4, 13) = 0.81, P = 0.54, η2= 0.19). Employment status (ρ = 0.43, P = 0.02), anxiety (ρ = 0.45, P = 0.04), and kinesiophobia (ρ = 0.47, P = 0.04) were moderately associated with low back pain–related disability.

Conclusions
Psychological (i.e., anxiety) and social (i.e., employment status) factors may influence how persons with traumatic lower limb loss respond to self-reported measures of low back pain–related disability. The findings suggest that the Modified Oswestry Disability Index identifies cLBP-related functional disability in the context of lower limb loss. These results support the interdependence among biological, psychological, and social factors, which should be collectively considered during the development of rehabilitative strategies to treat secondary musculoskeletal conditions within this population.
An Age of Promises: British Election Manifestos and Addresses 1900–97
Authors: Thackeray David , Toye Richard 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article explores the issue of electoral promises in twentieth-century Britain—how they were made, how they were understood, and how they evolved across time. It does so through a study of general election manifestos (issued by political parties) and election addresses (issued on behalf of individual candidates). The premise of the article is that exploring the act of making promises illuminates the development of political communication and democratic representation, and that considering the print culture and circulation history aspects of addresses and manifestos helps us understand the relationship between the process of pledging and actual policy outcomes. The article further argues that the Labour Party was an innovator that helped push changes in the ways in which policies were promoted to the electorate. It posits that the years 1900–97 saw an important but slow and contested shift towards a more programmatic form of politics. This did not always favour policies of state expansion, but it did favour promises of state action.
Cuticular wax coverage and its transpiration barrier properties in Quercus coccifera L. leaves: does the environment matter?
Authors: Bueno Amauri , Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio , Leide Jana , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Burghardt Markus , Riederer Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlants prevent uncontrolled water loss by synthesizing, depositing and maintaining a hydrophobic layer over their primary aerial organs—the plant cuticle. Quercus coccifera L. can plastically respond to environmental conditions at the cuticular level. When exposed to hot summer conditions with high vapour-pressure deficit (VPD) and intense solar radiation (Mediterranean atmospheric conditions; MED), this plant species accumulates leaf cuticular waxes even over the stomata, thereby decreasing transpirational water loss. However, under mild summer conditions with moderate VPD and regular solar radiation (temperate atmospheric conditions; TEM), this effect is sharply reduced. Despite the ecophysiological importance of the cuticular waxes of Q. coccifera, the wax composition and its contribution to avoiding uncontrolled dehydration remain unknown. Thus, we determined several leaf traits for plants exposed to both MED and TEM conditions. Further, we qualitatively and quantitatively investigated the cuticular lipid composition by gas chromatography. Finally, we measured the minimum leaf conductance (gmin) as an indicator of the efficacy of the cuticular transpiration barrier. The MED leaves were smaller, stiffer and contained a higher load of cuticular lipids than TEM leaves. The amounts of leaf cutin and cuticular waxes of MED plants were 1.4 times and 2.6 times higher than that found for TEM plants, respectively. In detail, MED plants produced higher amounts of all compound classes of cuticular waxes, except for the equivalence of alkanoic acids. Although MED leaves contained higher cutin and cuticular wax loads, the gmin was not different between the two habitats. Our findings suggest that the qualitative accumulation of equivalent cuticular waxes might compensate for the higher wax amount of MED plants, thereby contributing equally to the efficacy of the cuticular transpirational barrier of Q. coccifera. In conclusion, we showed that atmospheric conditions profoundly affect the cuticular lipid composition of Q. coccifera leaves, but do not alter its transpiration barrier properties.
Updated guidelines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Dunn Bethany 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The 2017 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease revise the assessment tool used to evaluate patients, implement a new pharmacologic algorithm focusing on escalation/de-escalation therapy, and recommend new combination inhaled medications. The guidelines also address nonpharmacologic treatments and the importance of identifying and properly managing comorbidities. This article highlights these important changes to clinical practice.
A clinical review of viral hepatitis
Authors: Loader Michelle , Moravek Rudolph , Witowski Sarah E. , Driscoll Lynette M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Viral hepatitis remains a significant public health problem in the United States, despite advances in antiviral therapy and effective vaccines. According to the CDC, about 20,000 deaths each year are attributed to viral hepatitis, and 5 million people are chronically infected and at risk for serious liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. This article reviews the three most common causes of viral hepatitis, screening guidelines, clinical features, medical management, approaches for primary prevention, and the natural history of untreated disease.
Implementation of an Opioid Reduction Protocol for Simple Outpatient Neurosurgical Procedures
Authors: Eley Nicholas , Sikora Matt , Wright Anna K. , Leveque Jean-Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
Quality improvement with before and after evaluation of the intervention.

Objective.
To evaluate postoperative opioid utilization at a high-volume tertiary referral center following implementation of an opioid reduction protocol for simple outpatient neurosurgical procedures.

Summary of Background Data.
The opioid epidemic has been well-publicized both in the scientific and lay press over the last few years. As a response to this crisis many state-wide and national medical groups have sought to develop opioid prescribing guidelines for both acute and chronic pain states. Some guidelines have studied opioid prescribing in orthopedic procedures but have primarily limited their recommendations to simple outpatient orthopedic joint procedures. Although, it is not clear that these opioid prescribing reductions are directly translatable to neurosurgical procedures.

Methods.
We implemented an opioid reduction protocol geared towards the postoperative management for simple outpatient neurosurgical procedures and measured the effect on number of pills and total morphine equivalent dose (MED) prescribed, postoperative readmissions, refill requests, and conversion to long-term opiate use.

Results.
Our study population was 246 patients, with 109 patients in the pre-intervention (PRE) group and 137 patients in the post-intervention (POST) group. The vast majority of patients in both groups were discharged with an opioid prescription (93% PRE, 91% POST, P = 0.87). The POST group had significantly lower total discharge opioid medication quantity (52 tabs PRE, 27 tabs POST, P < 0.001), discharge day MED (51.3 PRE, 45.3 POST, P = 0.01), and total discharge MED (287 PRE, 149 POST, P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
A standardized discharge protocol for postoperative neurosurgery can lead to significant reductions in opioid discharge quantity without compromising patient safety or increasing the utilization of hospital resources through readmissions, refill requests, or clinic phone calls. This study provides an example of a feasible and effective discharge prescription regimen that may be generalizable to some of the most common outpatient neurosurgical procedures.

Level of Evidence: 3
Trends in Comorbidities and Complications Among Patients Undergoing Inpatient Spine Surgery
Authors: Wilson Lauren A. , Fiasconaro Megan , Liu Jiabin , Bekeris Janis , Poeran Jashvant , Kim David H. , Girardi Federico , Sama Andrew , Memtsoudis Stavros G. 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective database study.

Objective.
We sought to identify trends in demographics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications among patients undergoing ACDF and PLF.

Summary of Background Data.
As demand for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) surgery continues to increase, it is important to understand changes in the healthcare system and patient populations undergoing these procedures.

Methods.
We identified 220,520 ACDF and 151,547 PLF surgeries (2006–2016; Premier Healthcare database). Annual proportions or medians were calculated for patient and hospital characteristics, and (Elixhauser) comorbidities. Postoperative complications, including blood transfusions, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or wound complications, hemorrhage, stroke, sepsis, thromboembolism, delirium, inpatient falls, and mortality, were reported per 1000 inpatient days. Trends were assessed by Cochran–Armitage tests and linear regression for binary and continuous variables, respectively.

Results.
The median age of patients undergoing ACDF and PLF increased significantly from 2006 to 2016 (50 to 57 yr and 58 to 61 yr, respectively; P < 0.001) coinciding with an increasing comorbidity burden (30.2% to 47.9% and 44.9% to 55.7%, respectively representing the share of patients with ≥2 Elixhauser comorbidities; P < 0.001). Overall rate of any complication experienced a significant decline after both ACDF (24.5 to 20.8 per 1000 inpatient days; P = 0.002) and PLF (30.5 to 23.1 per 1000 inpatient days; P < 0.001).

Conclusions.
The comorbidity burden of patients undergoing ACDF and PLF increased substantially from 2006 to 2016, however without a corresponding increase in overall complication rate. Understanding these changes can help guide future practice, advise in the allocation of resources, and inform future areas of research.

Level of Evidence: 3
Inflammatory Cells in Atypical Eruption of Lymphocyte Recovery Carry the Same Mutations as Neoplastic Myeloid Cells
Authors: Prieto-Torres Lucía , Chamizo Cristina , Salgado Rocio Nieves , Atance Mireia , Soto Carlos , Alonso Domínguez Juan Manuel , Arquero Teresa , Piris Miguel Angel , Requena Luis , Rodriguez-Pinilla Socorro María 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
Cutaneous eruption of lymphocyte recovery (ELR) during bone marrow (BM) aplasia recovery after intensive chemotherapy has been reported in very few patients. The presence of skin rashes in patients with acute leukemia who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy and BM transplantation is a diagnostic challenge because of the clinical similarity between drug eruptions, infiltrates related to the relapse of the underlying disease, cutaneous graft-versus-host disease, and ELR. IDH1 mutations have been identified as a recurrent genetic anomaly in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. However, until now, this IDH1 mutation has not been reported as being shared by myeloid cells and non-neoplastic inflammatory cells in this clinical setting. Here, we present the rare case of a woman diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome that evolved into an acute myelogenous leukemia with leukemic cutaneous infiltrate. The patient developed ELR after the intensive chemotherapy administered before BM transplantation. The IDH1 mutation was identified in BM cells and in myeloid and inflammatory cells in skin biopsies before allogeneic BM transplantation. We discuss the main aspects of the differential diagnosis of these cutaneous reactions in leukemic patients and the biological significance of the IDH1 mutation.
Distinct Salivary Gland Features in Sjögren's Syndrome and Lupus Erythematosus Sialadenite
Authors: Bologna Sheyla B. , Cavalcante Wanessa S. , Florezi Giovanna P. , Souza Milena M. , Nico Marcello M. S. , Lourenço Silvia V. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an important cause of xerostomia, and the presence of this symptom in lupus erythematosus (LE) is usually referred to as secondary SS. Although these diseases share many clinical and laboratory aspects, the histopathological changes of minor salivary glands (MSG) have been widely evaluated to determine whether this damage is specific for each disease. Based on this query, the aim of this study was to analyze morphological findings of minor salivary glands in pSS or LE.

Methods:
Two groups of 30 (MSG) from patients with pSS and LE were histopathologically evaluated, and the results were statistically analyzed using the two-tailed Fisher exact test.

Results:
The morphological changes were distinct among the groups and statistically significant. In pSS, the most evident features were the focal lymphocytic ductal aggression, with the focus score ≥1 and the periductal fibroplasia, while in LE, perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, spongiosis of ductal cells not associated with the exocytosis, and hyalinization of the periductal basement membrane were detected.

Conclusions:
These results indicated that in each disorder, MSG have their specific morphological changes, which lead to xerostomia, and the impairment of MSG in LE is probably due to a lupus sialadenitis.
Unusual Case of Nail Unit Melanoma
Authors: Pisano Catherine , Shu Nova , Sharma Sanjay , Soldano Anthony , Keeling Brett 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:We present a case of a nail unit melanoma with chondroid differentiation that was initially misdiagnosed as a benign chondroid neoplasm. A 67-year-old Caucasian woman presented to an outside dermatologist with a tender subungual nodule on the right index finger with overlying nail plate changes that had been present and enlarging for 1 year. Initial histopathological evaluation rendered a diagnosis of benign chondroid neoplasm. On arrival to our institution, magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the lesion appeared consistent with a glomus tumor. Plastic surgery performed a surgical resection with intraoperative frozen sections revealing a hypocellular cartilaginous mass, but pathology was unable to comment on the presence of malignant cells. On permanent sectioning of the excised lesion, a lentiginous proliferation of melanocytes overlying a dermal aggregate of atypical cells with conspicuous mitoses embedded in a chondroid matrix was seen. A panel of immunohistochemical stains was performed, including SOX-10, HMB-45, S-100, MITF and MART1 was performed with SOX-10, HMB-45, and S-100 staining the junctional melanocytes and dermal cells, rendering a diagnosis of primary chondroid melanoma.
Screening for Anemia in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Mittal Shruti , Boan Andrea D. , Pereira-Smith Silvia , LaRosa Angela 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
As part of the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) health supervision guidelines for children with Down syndrome (DS), annual screening for iron deficiency anemia is recommended between the ages of 1 and 18 years, but the evidence supporting this recommendation is limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia in patients with DS between the ages of 1 and 18 years to provide additional evidence for the AAP 2011 guideline recommendations for annual hemoglobin and ferritin screening in patients with DS.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study was completed by obtaining data from the electronic health record (EHR) for patients meeting the following inclusion criterion: a diagnosis of DS in patients aged 1 to 18 years seen at our institution with hemoglobin drawn between July 2012 and 2016. Data were analyzed by the Fisher exact test and χ2 test.

Results:
A total of 200 patients were identified. 22.5% had anemia, defined as a hemoglobin concentration less than 2 SDs for normed age. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2010) reported prevalence of anemia for children aged 1 to 5 years is 3.2% when compared with 18.7% in our sample. Of the 45 children with anemia, 5% had a microcytic, 67.5% a normocytic, and 27.5% a macrocytic anemia. Only 10 received a diagnosis of anemia in the EHR.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of anemia in this cohort of children with DS is significantly higher than that in the general population, supporting the AAP guidelines for an annual screening until the age of 18 years.
Ocular Adnexal Adenomatoid Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia: A Clinical and Immunopathologic Analysis in Relation to the Muir-Torre Syndrome
Authors: Jakobiec Frederick A. , Cortes Barrantes Paula , Milman Tatyana , Lee Nahyoung Grace , Fay Aaron 
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to codify the microscopic diagnostic criteria for ocular adnexal brow and caruncular sebaceous gland hyperplasias (pseudoadenomatoid) that distinguish it from an adenoma. Clinical records and photographs were critically reviewed and microscopic slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunochemically stained for adipophilin, androgen receptor, p16, p53, a spectrum of cytokeratins, Ki-67 and mismatch repair nuclear protein expression for MLH1, MSH2, PMS2, and MSH6. The patients and their close relatives had no history of cancer. Cytokeratin 7 and especially cytokeratin 17 highlighted the presence of ducts in the hyperplastic lesion, which are not present in adenomas. p16 and p53 were negative and Ki-67 immunostaining demonstrated similar low proliferation indices for normal and hyperplastic glands. The mismatch repair nuclear protein expressions were preserved in both lesions. Histopathologic misdiagnosis of adenomatoid sebaceous gland hyperplasia as an adenoma can lead to the impression of an association with the Muir-Torre syndrome. Cytokeratins 7 and 17 immunostaining can be helpful in highlighting compressed ducts that in exuberant sebaceous gland hyperplasias may lead to a diagnosis of an adenoma (in which ducts are absent). Negative immunostaining for p16 rules out a possible etiologic role of human papillomavirus in hyperplasias and the negative p53 staining indicates the lesions are not truly neoplastic. The preservation of mismatch repair nuclear protein expression rules out the likelihood of the Muir-Torre syndrome. The current cases convincingly establish that sebaceous hyperplasia is not associated with the Muir-Torre syndrome by both clinical findings and immunohistochemical testing.
Two yellow lesions, from the brow and caruncle, were examined microscopically and immunohistochemically to establish the diagnosis of sebaceous gland hyperplasia and to rule out the Muir-Torre syndrome.
Lacrimal Drainage Anomalies in CHARGE Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Vasanthapuram Varshitha Hemanth , Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: October 2019

The common ocular manifestations of CHARGE syndrome include colobomatous defects in the eye, strabismus, nystagmus, and micropthalmia. Lacrimal drainage anomalies have been rarely reported and to the best of the authors' knowledge, only 5 such cases have been reported earlier. The present case describes CHARGE syndrome associated with bilateral complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction with multiple prior attacks of acute dacryocystitis and left lower punctal agenesis, successfully managed with a right-sided dacryocystorhinostomy and awaiting a left dacryocystorhinostomy.
Lacrimal drainage anomalies in CHARGE syndrome include complex CNLDO, punctal agenesis, and acute dacryocystitis.