bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First molecular evidence of Thelohanellus wallagoi Sarkar, 1985 (Myxozoa) from economically important food fish, freshwater shark Wallago attu (Siluridae) in India
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Chaudhary Anshu , Garg Anupma , Verma Chandni , Singh Hridaya S. , Sharma Bindu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe freshwater sharkWallago attu(Bl. and Schn.) is a frequent silurid in the River Ganga and one of the most commercially exploit fish in India. In a survey on its infection with myxosporeans, spore type belongs toThelohanellusspecies was found in the gills, kidney and intestine respectively. Through morphological and molecular investigations, we identified the spore asThelohanellus wallagoiSarkar, 1985. They were pyriform in valvular view and slim in sutural view, and had one pyriform polar capsule with four to five turns. The spores measured 8.0 × 4.0 × 2.3 μm.T.wallagoideveloped in small cysts in the gill lamellae, whereas cyst and scattered spores ofT.wallagoiwere also found in the kidney and intestine respectively. The 18S rDNA sequence ofT.wallagoiisolates recovered from gills, kidney and intestine were found similar to each other and differed from any otherThelohanellusspecies available in GenBank and validated its status after 32 years of original description. Phylogenetic analysis signified thatT.wallagoiwas placed sister toMyxobolusspecies in the clade that indicated the polyphyletic nature of the genusThelohanellus.
First identification of Echinococcus multilocularis in golden jackals in Croatia
Authors: Sindičić Magda , Bujanić Miljenko , Štimac Iva , Martinković Franjo , Tuškan Nikolina , Špehar Marina , Konjević Dean 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlveolar echinococcosis, caused by the tapewormEchinococcus multilocularis, is one of the world’s most dangerous zoonosis and an emerging disease with growing incidence in humans. The disease has been reported in new areas and host species in the last two decades, and the primary hosts of the parasite – red fox, golden jackal and grey wolf – are expanding their distribution in Europe. Here we report the morphological and molecular identification ofEchinococcus multilocularistapeworms in one of 29 carcasses of adult golden jackals in Croatia, where the only previous report of the parasite was in red foxes in 2016. These results suggest that alveolar echinococcosis should be treated as an emerging disease in Croatia.
Effects of tele-rehabilitation mental practice on balancing performance of patients with hemiplegia
Authors: Kim So Yeon , Park Su Jin , Lee Ye Eun , Lee Eun Ha , Lim Hwa Yeong , Lim Hwa Yeong , Yoo Gyu 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Study aim: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation mental practice (TRMP) on balanc­ing performance for patients with hemiplegia. Material and methods: This study included five stroke patients, and all participants were trained to help to recover balancing performance. TRMP was applied for a total of 15 training sessions for 3 weeks, and pre- and post-intervention evaluations were carried out during this study. The Berg Balance Scale was used to confirm the balance ability, the Modified Falls Efficacy Scale to confirm the falls efficacy, and the Wii program to confirm the right and left weight distribution ratio. Results: As a result of this study, we could not confirm a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention balance ca­pacity and fall efficacy. However, weight distribution showed a significant difference after the intervention. Conclusion: TRMP may be applied in novel balance training for stroke patients.
An Explicit-Implicit Splitting Method for a Convection-Diffusion Problem
Authors: Thomée Vidar , Vasudeva Murthy A. S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We analyze a second-order accurate finite difference method for a spatially periodic convection-diffusion problem. The method is a time stepping method based on the Strang splitting of the spatially semidiscrete solution, in which the diffusion part uses the Crank–Nicolson method and the convection part the explicit forward Euler approximation on a shorter time interval. When the diffusion coefficient is small, the forward Euler method may be used also for the diffusion term.
The 4 I’s of Entrepreneurship: A Study of the Entrepreneurial Perspectives behind A Failed Large-Scale Distributed Research Infrastructure
Authors: Larsson Anthony 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis case study investigates whether collective entrepreneurial team cognition remains consistent throughout all stage processes when setting up a large-scale, distributed research infrastructure. A new “action phase model” has been devised, known as the “4 I’s of entrepreneurship”, with each “I” elucidating the entrepreneurial rationale behind various stages of the creation process:Intention, Initiation, ImplementationandIntrospection. The case investigated was BBMRI.se (BioBanking and Molecular Resource Infrastructure in Sweden) – a Swedish large-scale distributed research infrastructure aimed at harmonizing biobanking standards. Managers and key personnel involved in founding and/or operating the organization were interviewed. The results showed there was agreement regarding the need for the research infrastructure, while there were disagreeing perceptions of what the organization should be doing and regarding the difficulties it had faced. These developments would ultimately lead to BBMRI.se’s demise. The homogenous mindset would begin to dissipate once theInitiationstage was reached and worsened throughout theImplementationstage. The results indicate that BBMRI.se’s managerial structure, personal ambitions and lack of transparency and communication were key contributors to its ultimate failure. The implications highlight the risk of fragmented motivations as collective entrepreneurs turn their ambition into reality, if given too much autonomy.
[1,3]Thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium salts: synthesis, properties and structural studies
Authors: Slivka Mikhailo , Korol Nataliya , Fizer Maksym , Baumer Vjacheslav , Lendel Vasil 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The reactions of [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium salts with nucleophiles were investigated. Theoretical investigation of reactivity descriptors and structural parameters of [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium cation was carried out, and the reactivity centers of the model salts were located. An efficient general method for the synthesis of novel poly-functional derivatives of symmetric triazoles from [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazol-7-ium halides was developed. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and single-crystal X-ray analysis.
A prospective analysis of intake and composition of mother’s own milk in preterm newborns less than 32 weeks’ gestational age
Authors: Cabrera Lafuente Marta , Montes Bueno Mͣ Teresa , Pastrana Natividad , Segovia Cristina , Madero Jarabo Rosario , Martin Camilia R. , Omeñaca Teres Felix , Sáenz de Pipaón Marcos Miguel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Mothers of preterm (PT) infants have difficulty providing adequate quantities of human milk (HM) for their babies during their hospital stay. The macronutrient content in HM changes over time, varying across and within individual mothers. The research aim of the strudy was to describe the intake of mothers’ own milk (MOM) and its composition according to gestational (GA) and postnatal age (PNA) in infants born <32 weeks’ GA and to correlate them with neonatal weight, length and morbidities.

Methods
A prospective observational study of 176 premature infants in a unit without a donor milk bank was conducted. Daily milk intake was recorded. HM macronutrients were determined by mid-infrared spectrophotometric analysis at 7, 15 and 30 days after delivery and monthly until hospital discharge.

Results
Intake of MOM increased during the first 2 weeks after birth and decreased steadily thereafter. Protein concentration varied inversely with PNA. Carbohydrate and lipid concentrations increased over the first few days and remained stable thereafter. A fall in weight percentiles from birth to 60 days was found. No correlation was found between total protein and calorie intakes at 3 and 15 days of life and growth velocity (GV) between 15 and 30 days, even when broken down into parenteral nutrition (PN), formula and MOM.

Conclusion
To improve MOM feeding in PT newborns, intensive support strategies at the prenatal stage along entire hospitalization income should be encouraged. New protocols for fortification of HM should be implemented to optimize postnatal weight gain while preserving the health benefits of HM.
Association between increased antenatal vaginal pH and preterm birth rate: a systematic review
Authors: Weckend Marina J. , Spineli Loukia M. , Grylka-Baeschlin Susanne , Gross Mechthild M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Worldwide, 14.9 million infants (11%) are born preterm each year. Up to 40% of preterm births (PTBs) are associated with genital tract infections. The vaginal pH can reflect changes in the vaginal milieu and, if elevated, indicates an abnormal flora or infection.

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate whether an increased antenatal vaginal pH >4.5 in pre-labour pregnant women is associated with an increased PTB rate <37 completed weeks gestation.

Search strategy
Key databases included SCOPUS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, complemented by hand search, up to January 2017.

Selection criteria
Primary research reporting vaginal pH assessment in pre-labour pregnant women and PTB rate.

Data collection and analysis
Data extraction and appraisal were carried out in a pre-defined standardised manner, applying the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Cochrane risk of bias tool. Analysis included calculation of risk difference (RD) and narrative synthesis. It was decided to abstain from pooling of the studies due to missing information in important moderators.

Main results
Of 986 identified records, 30 were included in the systematic review. The risk of bias was considered mostly high (40%) or moderate (37%). Fifteen studies permitted a calculation of RD. Of these, 14 (93%) indicated a positive association between increased antenatal vaginal pH and PTB (RD range: 0.02–0.75).

Conclusion
An increased antenatal vaginal pH >4.5 may be associated with a higher risk for PTB. It is recommended to conduct a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of antenatal pH screening to prevent PTB.

Tweetable abstract
Pregnant women with an increased vaginal pH >4.5 may be at higher risk to experience preterm birth.
Oversight of Kenya’s Counterterrorism Measures on Al-Shabaab
Authors: Khamala Charles Alenga 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Citing comparative US, UK and European jurisprudence, this article proposes a pre-inchoate offence to punish terror suspects at the African Court of Justice and Human Rights. It traces the Kenya government’s twenty-first-century responses to distorted jihad fundamentalism culminating in the current escalating pogroms. Coercive executive counterterrorism responses make exceptions to universal human rights enshrined under liberal democratic constitutions and international instruments. Yet the legality principle constrains the use of pre-inchoate offences. Hence civil society’s resistance delayed the enactment of Kenya’s Prevention of Terrorism Act. Moreover, the Constitutional Court subsequently struck out as ‘vague and ambiguous’ the Security Law (Amendment) Act’s substantive provision which ‘presumed criminal intent for encouraging terror’. Procedurally, another dilemma arises. This concerns whether it is possible for an international terror suspect to have a fair domestic trial. Although ‘limited executive measures’ require some individuals to trade off their own liberties to safeguard the security of others, due diligence can prevent torture or targeted killings. Instead, following Kenyan ‘Operation Linda Nchi’s’ pre-emptive strikes since 2011, Al-Shabaab’s retaliation arguably spiralled into increased violations of the core human right to life. Enacting pre-inchoate offences instead deems Islamist terrorists, particularly secondary offenders, as rational actors. Using a ‘reverse harm thesis’ to justify the education of pre-inchoate offenders, I argue that regional criminal trials of terror suspects constitute better ‘effective oversight’ on human rights violations than executive, legislative or domestic judicial responses. Invoking ‘concurrent responsibility’ to prosecute Al-Shabaab suspects before the ACJHR can therefore facilitate AMISOM’s dignified ‘exit’ strategy from Somalia.
Directed colimits of some flatness properties and purity of epimorphisms in S-posets
Authors: Liang Xingliang , Khosravi Roghaieh 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Let S be a pomonoid. In this paper, we introduce some new types of epimorphisms with certain purity conditions, and obtain equivalent descriptions of various flatness properties of S-posets, such as strong flatness, Conditions (E), (E′), (P), (P
w
), (WP), (WP)
w
, (PWP) and (PWP)
w
. Thereby, we present other equivalent conditions in the Stenström-Govorov-Lazard theorem for S-posets. Furthermore, we prove that these new epimorphisms are closed under directed colimits. Meantime, this implies that by a new approach we can show that most of flatness properties of S-posets can be transferred to their directed colimit. Finally, we prove that every class of S-posets having a flatness property is closed under directed colimits.
On generalizedP-reducible Finsler manifolds
Authors: Zamanzadeh Seyyed Mohammad , Najafi Behzad , Toomanian Megerdich 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe class of generalized P-reducible manifolds (briefly GP-reducible manifolds) was first introduced by Tayebi and his collaborates [1]. This class of Finsler manifolds contains the classes of P-reducible manifolds, C-reducible manifolds and Landsberg manifolds. We prove that every compact GP-reducible manifold with positive or negative character is a Randers manifold. The norm of Cartan torsion plays an important role for studying immersion theory in Finsler geometry. We find the relation between the norm of Cartan torsion, mean Cartan torsion, Landsberg and mean Landsberg curvatures of the class of GP-reducible manifolds. Finally, we prove that every GP-reducible manifold admitting a concurrent vector field reduces to a weakly Landsberg manifold.
The melanin-concentrating hormone system in human, rodent and avian brain
Authors: Bencze János , Pocsai Krisztina , Murnyák Balázs , Gergely Péter Attila , Juhász Béla , Szilvássy Zoltán , Hortobágyi Tibor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic 19 amino acid orexigenic hypothalamic peptide. MCH is located in the lateral and dorsal hypothalamus, as well as in the zona incerta. In mammals MCH increases food intake, contributes to regulation of energy balance, temperature, reproductive function, endocrine homeostasis and biological rhythms. Several studies have proved the significance of MCH in obesity, diabetes and depression.
Although the peptide is well-characterized in mouse models, much less is known about its functions in avians. In birds the MCH system especially in the lateral and basal hypothalamus has important connections to the limbic system and it coordinates the vegetative and endocrine functions, as well as the emotional behaviour. Pharmacological modulation of MCH system could contribute to the therapy of eating disorders and improve agricultural efficiency regarding avians. Reviewing the current knowledge on MCH system in human, rodents and avians may stimulate a new wave of studies in the field.
Histone methylations in the developing central nervous system and in neural tube defects
Authors: Villarreal Alejandro , Franz Henriette , Vogel Tanja 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Understanding central nervous system genesis is of crucial relevance to decode different human diseases such as microcephaly or neural tube defects, which arise from incorrect developmental processes. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression in a spatio-temporal manner and are implicated in diverse cellular actions one of which is cell differentiation. Therefore, the study of these mechanisms is of great relevance in the context of development and disease. In this article, we will review histone methylations as epigenetic modification and how they impact on gene expression and cell differentiation in central nervous system development and neural differentiation. Further, we will discuss an emerging link between histone methylation in the etiology of neural tube defects. We will specifically highlight the role of the disruptor of telomeric silencing like 1 (DOT1L) and histone H3 lysine 79 methylation (H3K79me), which is an unusual histone modification with implication for proper central nervous system development.
Comparative properties of nanofibers produced using unbleached and bleached wheat straw pulps
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad , Hedjazi Sahab , Yousefi Hossein 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnbleached nanofibers (UNF) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were produced from unbleached and bleached wheat straw pulps using microfluidizer. The UNF and CNF and their corresponding films were characterized and compared. FE-SEM images showed UNF were thicker than CNF and with increasing passing number from microfluidizer, the diameter of UNF and CNF reduced. UNF films showed higher density, opacity and transparency as well as less water vapor permeation than those of CNF films The highest tensile index obtained for UNF film (114 Nm/g) and CNF film (107 N.m/g) both obtained at energy consumption of 458 kwh/t which was consumed in refiner and microfluidizer. The tensile index decreased at energy consumption higher than 458 kwh/t. The highest burst index of CNF film was 6.9 kPa.m2/g which was achieved using 358 kwh/t in microfluidizer As energy consumption increases, the burst index of CNF film decreased. On the other hand, with the increase of energy consumption and numbers of passes the burst index of UNF films increased, reaching the value of 8.8 kPa.m2/g. Elimination of bleaching has valuable advantages including saving energy, less environmental pollution, higher production yield and less downsizing energy consumption and less finished cost of nanofibers with desired properties.
Engineered nanomaterials and human health: Part 1. Preparation, functionalization and characterization (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Gubala Vladimir , Johnston Linda J. , Liu Ziwei , Krug Harald , Moore Colin J. , Ober Christopher K. , Schwenk Michael , Vert Michel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly evolving field, as evidenced by the large number of publications on the synthesis, characterization, and biological/environmental effects of new nano-sized materials. The unique, size-dependent properties of nanomaterials have been exploited in a diverse range of applications and in many examples of nano-enabled consumer products. In this account we focus on Engineered Nanomaterials (ENM), a class of deliberately designed and constructed nano-sized materials. Due to the large volume of publications, we separated the preparation and characterisation of ENM from applications and toxicity into two interconnected documents. Part 1 summarizes nanomaterial terminology and provides an overview of the best practices for their preparation, surface functionalization, and analytical characterization. Part 2 (this issue, Pure Appl. Chem. 2018; 90(8): 1325–1356) focuses on ENM that are used in products that are expected to come in close contact with consumers. It reviews nanomaterials used in therapeutics, diagnostics, and consumer goods and summarizes current nanotoxicology challenges and the current state of nanomaterial regulation, providing insight on the growing public debate on whether the environmental and social costs of nanotechnology outweigh its potential benefits.
Metastability of the boron-vacancy complex in silicon: Insights from hybrid functional calculations
Authors: Ouma Cecil NM , Meyer Walter E 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using four distinct configurations of the boron-vacancy (BV) complex in silicon, we investigate the experimentally observed defect metastability of the BV complex in silicon using the HSE06 hybrid functional within the density functional theory formalism. We identify the experimentally observed metastable configurations of the defect complex when the substitutional boron is in the nearest neighbor position with respect to silicon vacancy and when the two defects are in the next (second) nearest neighbor position with respect to each other. The next (second) nearest neighbor position consists of two configurations that almost degenerate with C1 and C1h symmetry.
Dissolution of nuclear materials in aqueous acid solutions
Authors: Desigan Narasimhan , Bhatt Nirav , Shetty Madhuri A. , Sreekumar Gopala Krishna Pillai , Pandey Niranjan Kumar , Kamachi Mudali Uthandi , Natarajan Rajamani , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe quantitative understanding of the dissolution of nuclear fuel materials is essential for the process design and development of an industrial-scale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. The main objective of this review article is to analyze the published data related to the dissolution of important nuclear materials, namely, urania, plutonia, thoria, and their oxides in the existing literature. The published results on rate-controlling step and reaction mechanism of dissolution processes are reconciled and reviewed in this work. Clear suggestions are made for future research work for the identification of rate-controlling step. Suggestions are also provided to overcome the shortfalls in the published data for the identification of intrinsic kinetics and mass-transfer rates.
Cognitive Function and Falls in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Blackwood Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose:
Cognitive impairments have been reported in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which subsequently increases the risk of falling. However, the relationship between specific cognitive processes and falls has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the contribution of cognitive function to falls in older adults with T2DM and to describe any differences by age group.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 1171 older adult respondents with T2DM from the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. Group assignment was based on age: younger group 65 to 74 years (N = 662) or older group (N = 509). Groupwise comparisons of demographic, cognitive, and mobility variables were completed, followed by logistic regression analyses to examine the contribution of specific cognitive processes to falls for the sample and then by group after controlling for demographic and mobility-related variables.

Results:
Significant differences existed between groups in demographic, cognitive, and mobility variables and falls. Executive function was consistently identified as a predictor of falls in the whole sample (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09) and within groups: younger group (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11) and older group (OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13), while delayed recall was a much stronger predictor of falls in the older group (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.03-1.59). Orientation and immediate recall were not predictors of falls.

Conclusions:
Executive function and delayed recall, 2 cognitive domains reported to influence glycemic control and disease management in those with T2DM, are associated with an increased fall risk and should be included in the assessment of fall risk in this population.