bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of high dimension low sample size asymptotics
Authors: Aoshima Makoto , Shen Dan , Shen Haipeng , Yata Kazuyoshi , Zhou Yi‐Hui , Marron J. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPeter Hall's work illuminated many aspects of statistical thought, some of which are very well known including the bootstrap and smoothing. However, he also explored many other lesser known aspects of mathematical statistics. This is a survey of one of those areas, initiated by a seminal paper in 2005, on high dimension low sample size asymptotics. An interesting characteristic of that first paper, and of many of the following papers, is that they contain deep and insightful concepts which are frequently surprising and counter‐intuitive, yet have mathematical underpinnings which tend to be direct and not difficult to prove.
The Great Opening up and the Roadmap for the Future: The Story of China's International Trade
Authors: Du Yan , Lu Yi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe astonishing surge in China's international trade is the result of comprehensive economic reforms in the 1980s and 1990s. Trade was further bolstered by China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. We examine several aspects of China's international trade that might help to explain its surprisingly fast growth and its ever‐growing role in the global economy. A large number of studies have analyzed how trade liberalization, the WTO accession in particular, has profoundly changed the Chinese economy. We survey notable contributions to this literature that analyze the effects of trade liberalization on Chinese firms, individuals and households. Meanwhile, China's exports have had various effects on importing countries and the enormous growth of China's exports is seen by some observers as posing a threat to China's trading partners. Therefore, we discuss the emerging literature on the effects of China's spectacular export growth on consumers, labor markets, innovation, media and politics in foreign countries. Given the new domestic and external circumstances, the Chinese Government is determined to push for the formation of a new trade structure characterized by broad opening up to transform China into a strong trading powerhouse.
Impact of Chinese Characteristics on the World Trade Organization: Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Li Siqi , Tu Xinquan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFollowing China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), it has been impossible to overlook the influence of its economy on the multilateral trading system. Many published studies have examined why China joined the WTO and the comprehensive impacts of WTO membership on China, but few studies have focused on China's impact on the WTO. This article attempts to fill this gap by examining China's changing role in the multilateral trading system from political and legal perspectives, seeking to shed light on how Chinese characteristics have reshaped the power structure and rule‐based system of the WTO. While its accession has made the WTO more relevant in regards to global trade governance, China has been accused of upsetting the WTO's rules‐based system because of its unique political and economic regime. The WTO and its members should take the Chinese characteristics into consideration and regulate China's practices through using the dispute settlement mechanism, promoting China's accession to plurilateral agreements and adopting a “soft law” approach.
S2k guidelines for the use of topical preparations on the skin
Authors: Wohlrab Johannes , Staubach Petra , Augustin Matthias , Eisert Lisa , Hünerbein Andreas , Nast Alexander , Reimann Holger , Strömer Klaus , Mahler Vera 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe present guidelines are aimed at dermatology residents and board‐certified dermatologists as well as policymakers and insurance companies. Developed by dermatologists in collaboration with pharmacists using a formal consensus process (S2k), they include general aspects with respect to pharmacokinetics and regulatory terminology. Recommendations are provided on the various indications for extemporaneous preparations and their quality assurance. The importance of pharmaceutical vehicles and problems associated with substituting one vehicle for another are discussed. The guidelines include criteria for choosing a suitable pharmaceutical vehicle and for specific aspects in terms of treatment planning. In addition, recommendations are given for managing allergic reactions to vehicles or additives.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast Vanrija humicola (Formerly Cryptococcus humicola) Strain UJ1, a Producer of
d
-Aspartate Oxidase
Authors: Imanishi Daiki , Abe Katsumasa , Kera Yoshio , Takahashi Shouji 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Vanrija humicola
(
Cryptococcus humicola
) strain UJ1 is a basidiomycetous yeast that produces
d
-aspartate oxidase, which is highly specific to
d
-aspartate. Here, we report the 22.6-Mb draft genome sequence of
V. humicola
strain UJ1, which comprises 22.6 Mb in 46 scaffolds, with an overall G+C content of 62.82%, comprising 46 scaffolds with an
N
50
of 1.34 Mb.
Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain VP14, Isolated from a Penaeus vannamei Culture Farm
Authors: Jangam Ashok Kumar , Bhuvaneswari T. , Krishnan A. Navaneeth , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Avunje Satheesha , Grover Monendra , Kumar Sujeet , Alavandi S. V. , Vijayan K. K. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an isolate of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, VP14, recovered from the gut of
Penaeus vannamei
shrimp farmed in southern India. The genome of VP14 comprised 5,224,046 bp with a GC content of 45.3% and contained 5,326 genes, including 4,972 coding sequences.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotype 2a Strain CN10.2015.821, Isolated in Piedmont, Italy
Authors: Colitti B. , Nogarol C. , Bertolotti L. , Rosati S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
We sequenced the complete genome of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 2 strain CN10.2015.821. It belongs to the subgenotype 2a, and it was isolated from an immunotolerant and persistently infected calf identified during a serological investigation. The complete genome is composed of 12,273 nucleotides, organized as one open reading frame encoding 3,897 amino acids.
Universal Genotyping for Tuberculosis Prevention Programs: a 5-Year Comparison with On-Request Genotyping
Authors: Guthrie Jennifer L. , Kong Clare , Roth David , Jorgensen Danielle , Rodrigues Mabel , Tang Patrick , Thejoe Maichael , Elwood Kevin , Cook Victoria J. , Johnston James , Gardy Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Prospective universal genotyping of tuberculosis (TB) isolates is used by many laboratories to detect clusters of cases and inform contact investigations. Prior to universal genotyping, most TB prevention programs genotyped isolates on request only, relying on requests from public health professionals whose knowledge of a patient's clinical, demographic, and epidemiological characteristics suggested potential transmission. To justify the switch from on-request to universal genotyping—particularly in the public health domain, with its limited resources and competing priorities—it is important to demonstrate the additional benefit provided by a universal genotyping program. We compared the clustering patterns revealed by retrospective 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable-number tandem repeat genotyping of all culture-positive isolates over a 5-year period to the patterns previously established by our genotyping-on-request program in the low-incidence setting of British Columbia, Canada. We found that 23.8% of isolates were requested during the study period, and while requested isolates had increased odds of belonging to a genotype cluster (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 3.3), only 54.6% clustered with the requested comparator strain. Universal genotyping revealed 94 clusters ranging in size from 2 to 53 isolates (mean = 5) and involving 432 individuals. On-request genotyping missed 54 (57.4%) of these clusters and 130 (30.1%) clustered individuals. Our results underscore that TB patient networks are complex, with unrecognized linkages between patients, and a prospective province-wide universal genotyping program provides an informative, bias-free tool to explore transmission to a degree not possible with on-request genotyping.
Development of a gastroschisis core outcome set
Authors: Allin Benjamin Saul Raywood , Hall Nigel J , Ross Andrew R , Marven Sean S , Kurinczuk Jennifer J , Knight Marian 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveOutcome reporting heterogeneity impedes identification of gold standard treatments for children born with gastroschisis. Use of core outcome sets (COSs) in research reduces outcome reporting heterogeneity and ensures that studies are relevant to patients. The aim of this study was to develop a gastroschisis COS.Design and settingSystematic reviews and stakeholder nomination were used to identify candidate outcomes that were subsequently prioritised by key stakeholders in a three-phase online Delphi process and face-to-face consensus meeting using a 9-point Likert scale. In phases two and three of the Delphi process, participants were shown graphical and numerical representations of their own, and all panels scores for each outcome respectively and asked to review their previous score in light of this information. Outcomes were carried forward to the consensus meeting if prioritised by two or three stakeholder panels in the third phase of the Delphi process. The COS was formed from outcomes where ≥70% of consensus meeting participants scored the outcome 7–9 and <15% of participants scored it 1–3.Results71 participants (84%) completed all phases of the Delphi process, during which 87 outcomes were assessed. Eight outcomes, mortality, sepsis, growth, number of operations, severe gastrointestinal complication, time on parenteral nutrition, liver disease and quality of life for the child, met criteria for inclusion in the COS.ConclusionsEight outcomes have been included in the gastroschisis COS as a result of their importance to key stakeholders. Implementing use of the COS will increase the potential for identification of gold standard treatments for the management of children born with gastroschisis.
Synergistic effects of blood pressure-lowering drugs and statins: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sundström Johan , Gulliksson Gullik , Wirén Marcus 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundSynergistic effects of blood pressure-lowering drugs and statins are unknown, but are key to risk-based treatment decision strategies and fixed-combination polypills.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to test the hypothesis that the combined relative effects of blood pressure-lowering drugs and statins on cardiovascular outcomes are multiplicative.Study selectionTwo persons independently searched five data sources and hand-searched reference lists from earliest available to December 2017. We included factorial trials with at least two randomised interventions including one statin versus placebo factor and one blood pressure-lowering drug/more intense blood pressure-lowering regimen versus placebo/less intense regimen factor, and reported cardiovascular events or mortality as outcomes. We tested interactions as departures from additivity or multiplicativity using mixed-effects logistic regression models.FindingsSeven out of 1017 screened studies fulfilled the selection criteria, contributing a total of 27 020 patients with 857 major cardiovascular events and 725 deaths. The relative risk reduction of major cardiovascular events with active/more intense blood pressure-lowering regimen was not materially different in subgroups randomised to statins (risk ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00) or placebo (0.94, 0.79 to 1.11). Likewise, statin effects were not substantially different in subgroups randomised to active/more intense blood pressure-lowering regimen (0.69, 0.57 to 0.85) or placebo/less intense regimen (0.80, 0.67 to 0.96). No departures from either additivity or multiplicativity were observed. Heterogeneity was low.ConclusionsThe combined relative effects of blood pressure-lowering drugs and statins on cardiovascular events were multiplicative. This supports risk-based treatment decision strategies and fixed-combination polypills.
Macroeconomic costs of the unmet burden of surgical disease in Sierra Leone: a retrospective economic analysis
Authors: Grimes Caris E , Quaife Matthew , Kamara Thaim B , Lavy Christopher B D , Leather Andy J M , Bolkan Håkon A 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThe Lancet Commission on Global Surgery estimated that low/middle-income countries will lose an estimated cumulative loss of US$12.3 trillion from gross domestic product (GDP) due to the unmet burden of surgical disease. However, no country-specific data currently exist. We aimed to estimate the costs to the Sierra Leone economy from death and disability which may have been averted by surgical care.DesignWe used estimates of total, met and unmet need from two main sources—a cluster randomised, cross-sectional, countrywide survey and a retrospective, nationwide study on surgery in Sierra Leone. We calculated estimated disability-adjusted life years from morbidity and mortality for the estimated unmet burden and modelled the likely economic impact using three different methods—gross national income per capita, lifetime earnings foregone and value of a statistical life.ResultsIn 2012, estimated, discounted lifetime losses to the Sierra Leone economy from the unmet burden of surgical disease was between US$1.1 and US$3.8 billion, depending on the economic method used. These lifetime losses equate to between 23% and 100% of the annual GDP for Sierra Leone. 80% of economic losses were due to mortality. The incremental losses averted by scale up of surgical provision to the Lancet Commission target of 80% were calculated to be between US$360 million and US$2.9 billion.ConclusionThere is a large economic loss from the unmet need for surgical care in Sierra Leone. There is an immediate need for massive investment to counteract ongoing economic losses.
Clinical effectiveness of patella mobilisation therapy versus a waiting list control for knee osteoarthritis: a protocol for a pragmatic randomised clinical trial
Authors: Sit Regina Wing Shan , Chan Keith Kwok Wai , Yip Benjamin Hon Kei , Zhang Daisy Dexing , Reeves Kenneth Dean , Chan Ying Ho , Chung Vincent Chi Ho , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common, disabling and costly medical condition. The patellofemoral joint is a critical source of pain in individuals with KOA, and coexistence of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (TFOA) is sometimes observed. The identification of subgroups with PFOA and customised interventions to correct underlying pathomechanics is beneficial for individuals with KOA. This study aims to evaluate whether a clinic-based patella mobilisation therapy (PMT) leads to significant improvement in pain, physical function and quality of life of individuals with KOA.Methods and analysisA total of 208 participants with coexistence of PFOA and TFOA will be recruited. A pragmatic randomised clinical trial will be conducted, and participants will be randomised into the PMT and waiting list groups. For the PMT group, three manual mobilisation sessions, along with home-based vastus medialis oblique muscle exercise, will be conducted at 2-month intervals. The waiting list group will continue to receive their usual care, and as an incentive the waiting list group will be offered PMT after the study period is over. The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale, and secondary outcomes include the WOMAC function and stiffness subscales, scores for objective physical function tests (the 30 s chair stand, 40-metre fast-paced walk test, the Timed Up and Go Test), and the EuroQol-5D scores. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline and 6 months using intention-to-treat and incorporating covariate analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained (CREC no: 2014.379). Results of the trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPC-15006618; Pre-results.
Undergraduate medical students’ behavioural intentions towards medical errors and how to handle them: a qualitative vignette study
Authors: Kiesewetter Isabel , Könings Karen D , Kager Moritz , Kiesewetter Jan 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesIn undergraduate medical education, the topics of errors in medicine and patient safety are under-represented. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate medical students’ behavioural intentions when confronted with an error.DesignA qualitative case vignette survey was conducted including one of six randomly distributed case scenarios in which a hypothetical but realistic medical error occurred. The six scenarios differed regarding (1) who caused the error, (2) the presence of witnesses and (3) the consequences of the error for the patient. Participants were asked: ‘What would you do?”. Answers were collected as written free texts and analysed according to qualitative content analysis.SettingStudents from German medical schools participated anonymously through an online questionnaire tool.ParticipantsAltogether, n=159 students answered a case scenario. Participants were on average 24.6 years old (SD=7.9) and 69% were female. They were undergraduate medical students in their first or second year (n=27), third, fourth or fifth year (n=107) or final year (n=21).ResultsDuring the inductive coding process, 19 categories emerged from the original data and were clustered into four themes: (1) considering communication; (2) considering reporting; (3) considering consequences; and (4) emotional responsiveness. When the student him/herself caused the error in the scenario, participants did mention communication with colleagues and taking preventive action less frequently than if someone else had caused the error. When a witness was present, participants more frequently mentioned disclosure of the error and taking actions than in the absence of a witness. When the outcome was significant to the patient, participants more often showed an emotional response than if there were no consequences.ConclusionsThe study highlights the importance of coping strategies for healthcare professionals to adequately deal with errors. Educators need to introduce knowledge and skills on how to deal with errors and emotional preparedness for errors into undergraduate medical education.
Is exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis to re-examine the evidence
Authors: Powell Richard , McGregor Gordon , Ennis Stuart , Kimani Peter K , Underwood Martin 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the contemporary effectiveness of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in terms of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and hospital admissions.Data sourcesStudies included in or meeting the entry criteria for the 2016 Cochrane review of exercise-based CR in patients with coronary artery disease.Study eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise-based CR versus a no-exercise control whose participants were recruited after the year 2000.Study appraisal and synthesis methodsTwo separate reviewers independently screened the characteristics of studies. One reviewer quality appraised any new studies and assessed their risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration’s recommended risk of bias tool. Data were reported as the risk difference (95% CI).ResultsWe included 22 studies with 4834 participants (mean age 59.5 years, 78.4% male). We found no differences in outcomes between exercise-based CR and a no-exercise control at their longest follow-up period for: all-cause mortality (19 studies; n=4194; risk difference 0.00, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.01, P=0.38) or cardiovascular mortality (9 studies; n=1182; risk difference −0.01, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.01, P=0.25). We found a small reduction in hospital admissions of borderline statistical significance (11 studies; n=1768; risk difference −0.05, 95% CI −0.10 to −0.00, P=0.05).Conclusions and implications of key findingsOur analysis indicates conclusively that the current approach to exercise-based CR has no effect on all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality, when compared with a no-exercise control. There may be a small reduction in hospital admissions following exercise-based CR that is unlikely to be clinically important.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073616.
Impact of violence against women on severe acute maternal morbidity in the intensive care unit, including neonatal outcomes: a case–control study protocol in a tertiary healthcare facility in Lima, Peru
Authors: Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina , Pollock Wendy E , McDonald Susan J , Taft Angela J 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionPreventing and reducing violence against women (VAW) and maternal mortality are Sustainable Development Goals. Worldwide, the maternal mortality ratio has fallen about 44% in the last 25 years, and for one maternal death there are many women affected by severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) requiring management in the intensive care unit (ICU). These women represent the most critically ill obstetric patients of the maternal morbidity spectrum and should be studied to complement the review of maternal mortality. VAW has been associated with all-cause maternal deaths, and since many women (30%) endure violence usually exerted by their intimate partners and this abuse can be severe during pregnancy, it is important to determine whether it impacts SAMM. Thus, this study aims to investigate the impact of VAW on SAMM in the ICU.Methods and analysisThis will be a prospective case-control study undertaken in a tertiary healthcare facility in Lima-Peru, with a sample size of 109 cases (obstetric patients admitted to the ICU) and 109 controls (obstetric patients not admitted to the ICU selected by systematic random sampling). Data on social determinants, medical and obstetric characteristics, VAW, pregnancy and neonatal outcome will be collected through interviews and by extracting information from the medical records using a pretested form. Main outcome will be VAW rate and neonatal mortality rate between cases and controls. VAW will be assessed by using the WHO instrument. Binary logistic followed by stepwise multivariate regression and goodness of fit test will assess any association between VAW and SAMM.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the La Trobe University, Melbourne-Australia and the tertiary healthcare facility in Lima-Peru. This research follows the WHO ethical and safety recommendations for research on VAW. Findings will be presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.