bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bevacizumab Use and the Risk of Arterial and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with High‐Grade Gliomas: A Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: Lee Inyoung , Adimadhyam Sruthi , Nutescu Edith A. , Zhou Jifang , Asfaw Alemseged A. , Sweiss Karen I. , Patel Pritesh R. , Calip Gregory S. 
Published: July 2019

Study ObjectiveBevacizumab is used in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, but evidence is limited on the incidence of thromboembolic complications regarding the use of this drug in real‐world settings. We evaluated the risk of arterial thromboembolism (ATE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with the use of bevacizumab among adults diagnosed with high‐grade gliomas in a commercially insured U.S. population.DesignNested case‐control study.Data SourceTruven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental health claims databases (2009–2015).PatientsA total of 2157 patients with high‐grade gliomas who underwent incident (first‐time) craniotomy, radiation, and concurrent temozolomide treatment between 2009 and 2015 were identified. Overall, 25 cases of ATE and 99 cases of VTE were each identified in this cohort, and each case was matched to up to 10 controls (170 for ATE and 819 for VTE) based on sex, age, quarter year of index time, and follow‐up duration by using incidence density sampling without replacement from the overall cohort. Controls were at risk for the outcome of interest (ATE or VTE) at the time of case occurrence and survived at least as long as their referent case.Measurements and Main ResultsExposure to bevacizumab was determined during inpatient or outpatient encounters between the index date (date of the incident craniotomy) and the ATE or VTE event or corresponding matched control date. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of ATE and VTE separately. A higher proportion of patients with ATE received bevacizumab compared with controls (28% vs 17%; adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.54–4.24), but this excess in odds was not statistically significant. Similarly, bevacizumab was not significantly associated with VTE (13% vs 9%; adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.71–2.75).ConclusionWe found no significant association between the use of bevacizumab and the occurrence of thromboembolic events in patients with high‐grade gliomas, although our study was limited by the small number of ATE events. Because the potential for complications from arterial thrombosis cannot be completely ruled out, further research is needed to confirm the thromboembolic safety of bevacizumab in a larger sample of patients with high‐grade gliomas.
Self‐stigma and domains of well‐being in high school youth: Associations with self‐efficacy, self‐esteem, and self‐criticism
Authors: Rose Alison L. , Atkey Sarah K. , Flett Gordon L. , Goldberg Joel O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelf‐stigma is a phenomenon in which negative public stereotypes about mental illness are internalized and can undermine help‐seeking. Unfortunately, little is known about how self‐stigmatization relates to positive well‐being indicators among youth. A sample of 134 high school students completed established measures of self‐stigma, well‐being, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and self‐criticism. Analyses confirmed that self‐stigma was associated with overall well‐being and five well‐being subscales (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations, and self‐acceptance); the strongest associations were with autonomy and positive relations with others. The majority of these associations still held when simultaneously controlling for self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and self‐criticism. Taken together, findings point to the need for greater awareness of self‐stigma along with an explicit focus on the promotion of protective well‐being in prevention work and interventions designed to alleviate the tendency for young people to internalize stigma. Additionally, findings have theoretical implications for the “why try” model of self‐stigma.
Associations between peer victimization and school climate: The impact of form and the moderating role of gender
Authors: Williford Anne , Fite Paula J. , Isen Debbie , Poquiz Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to examine whether physical and relational victimization negatively impacts indicators of school climate–students’ perceptions of school safety, their attachment to school, and their help‐seeking behavior–and whether gender moderates these associations. Using a sample of 361 third through fifth‐grade students recruited from six public elementary schools, results reveal that relational and physical victimization were both uniquely associated with lower levels of school safety and school attachment, with stronger associations between school attachment and relational victimization. However, only physical victimization was negatively associated with help‐seeking, suggesting that physical victimization is more influential on help seeking as compared with relational victimization. Gender moderated the relationships between victimization and school attachment and help‐seeking with differences by form noted. No gender differences were evident in associations between the forms of peer victimization and school safety. Implications for prevention and intervention in schools are discussed.
Enhancing visuospatial skills in second graders: An exploratory follow‐up study
Authors: Fastame Maria Chiara , Pilia Annalisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was intended to assess the effect of a psychoeducational computer‐assisted and paper‐and‐pencil training designed to empower visuospatial skills in students attending the second grade of the primary school. At pretest, posttest and at the subsequent 3‐months follow‐up, 44 Italian second graders were presented with a battery of tests assessing nonverbal problem solving, imagery, speed of processing, visuomotor coordination, and verbal working memory. After pretest, 22 pupils were trained by the psychoeducational intervention for 15 weekly sessions (Fastame & Antonini (2011). RECUPERO IN… abilità visuo‐spaziali [Recovery in… visuo‐spatial abilities]. Trento, Italy: Edizioni Erickson). Posttest scores and a follow‐up assessment conducted after 3 months by the end of the training documented the positive effect of the psychoeducational intervention in enhancing visuospatial functions of the experimental group. These outcomes were also replicated when a questionnaire assessing visuospatial efficacy was proposed to the teachers of the participants.
Preparation of few‐layer two‐dimensional polymers by self‐assembly of bola‐amphiphilic small molecules
Authors: Zhang Na , Wang Taisheng , Bu Xiaohai , Wu Qiong , Zhang Zewu 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTTwo bola‐amphiphilic small molecules, based on the diphenylanthracene skeleton structure, namely, BASM‐1 and its functionalized small molecule BASM‐2, were designed and synthesized. The self‐assembly behavior and mechanism of these two molecules in aqueous solution were studied. The supramolecular two‐dimensional (2D) layer and the covalent 2D polymers were, respectively, prepared by these two molecules. What is more, the transverse size of the covalent 2D polymer laminates increased with the extension of the polymerization time. Atomic force microscopy results showed that both free‐standing single‐layer 2D polymers and few layer laminates with two to three molecular layers were obtained. So our work provides a simple and efficient method for directly preparing independent both supramolecular 2D polymers and covalent 2D polymers in liquid phase which is of great significance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1748–1755
Determination of a Measure of Sensitivity to Shock Detonate an Explosive as a Function of its Shock Parameters
Authors: Nandlall Dennis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sensitivity of an explosive to detonate due to a shock stimulus is examined using the shock Hugoniots of the condensed material and the detonation products. Explicit equations were developed for the initiation and detonation pressures as a function of the
shock parameters, the density, the detonation velocity and the Chapman‐Jouguet pressure which in itself is a function of the heat of detonation. We came upon defining a pressure difference,
, between the initiation and detonation pressures which appears to provide a measure of the sensitivity of the explosive to detonate due to a shock loading. For a number of explosives for which reliable shock parameters were available, our results compared very well with widely used and tested small and large scale gap test results. We demonstrated that no one parameter such as the heat of detonation, the Chapman‐Jouguet pressure or even the detonation velocity could be used as a measure of sensitivity to shock detonation but it is the net effect captured by all the parameters that provides the sensitivity of the explosive.
Study on Overdriven Detonation of Double‐Layer Shaped Charge
Authors: Liu Yakun , Yin Jianping , Wang Zhijun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOverdriven detonation(ODD) means that the detonation process of explosives no longer follows the C−J detonation process and its detonation parameters are larger than the C−J values. ODD is an unstable detonation process. With the increasing of propagation distance, detonation parameters tend to C−J value gradually. The double‐layer shaped charge (DLSC) with high detonation velocity explosive (HE) in the outer layer and low detonation velocity explosive (LE) in the inner layer can keep the axis of shaped charge in the ODD state all the time. The paper derived formulas for calculating the parameters of overdriven detonation when the HE detonates the LE. Based on the conservation of momentum, mass and energy, the functional relationship between the intensity of Mach wave and the incident angle of the detonation wave in the shaped charge is deduced. Study on the propagation law of detonation waves in DLSC with the wave shaper by numerical simulation. The results show that the peak value of Mach wave pressure in DLSC is not increased compared with that in ordinary shaped charge (OSC), but the attenuation speed of Mach wave pressure can be delayed and ultimately in the ODD state. The final parameters of the ODD state are determined by the detonation velocity and the polytropic exponent of the explosive. The results of numerical simulation are consistent with theoretical calculation, which confirms the accuracy of the formulas.
Glucocorticoid receptor upregulation increases radioresistance and triggers androgen independence of prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Chen Feng , Ren Yu , Weng Guobin , Keng Peter C. , Chen Yuhchyau , Lee Soo Ok 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDespite the overall success of radiotherapy, a significant number of patients develop radioresistance, which leads to local regional recurrence and distant metastasis. We studied whether repeated radiation treatment promotes androgen‐independent survival of prostate cancer (PCa) cells and their metastatic potential. We also studied whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR) increase in radioresistant cells is associated with acquisition of these aggressive characteristics.MethodsRadioresistant LNCaP (LNCaPR18) and C4‐2 (C4‐2R26) PCa sublines were developed by repeated radiation treatments of parental cells. Levels and activations of androgen receptor (AR) and GR in radioresistant PCa cells and respective parental cells were investigated in quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction/Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence staining. Androgen‐independent survival of radioresistant cells was tested in in vitro cell growth assays and the castration‐resistant survival of these cell‐derived tumors were investigated in mouse xenografts.ResultsHigher GR levels, but lower AR levels were detected in radioresistant cells than in parental cells. Radiation‐induced GR upregulation was associated with increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. As a consequence of GR activation, LNCaPR18 cells survived well in an androgen‐depleted culture condition while parental cells could not. Results of in vivo mouse studies showed survival of LNCaPR18 cell‐derived tumors in castrated mice while parental cell‐derived tumors regressed. The growth of LNCaPR18 cell‐derived tumors in castrated mice was impaired when treated with the anti‐GR agent mifepristone. In experiments with C4‐2/C4‐2R26 cell sets, GR activation in C4‐2R26 cells increased their metastatic potential.ConclusionGR activation in radioresistant cells mediates androgen independence and facilitates PCa progression.
Application of open port sampling interface mass spectrometry (OPSI‐MS) to deuterium exchange as an aid for structural elucidation
Authors: Ray Andrew D. , Clemens Graeme , Holman Stephen W. 
Published: July 2019

RationaleDeuterium exchange has been demonstrated to provide additional information to accurate mass measurement and collision‐induced dissociation on unknown chemical structures. An enhanced method for rapid deuterium exchange could make this technique more routine for structural elucidation. Open port sampling interface mass spectrometry (OPSI‐MS) with an aprotic solvent offers a rapid method for performing deuterium incorporation.MethodsSamples of standard drug molecules have been analysed by OPSI‐MS directly from solids using a make‐up flow of acetonitrile + 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. The resultant spectra were compared with those obtained by OPSI‐MS analysis of the samples dissolved in deuterium oxide (D2O). Solutions of these molecules in acetonitrile/D2O were analysed using an Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) at different temperatures to compare the suitability of this technique.ResultsThe number of exchangeable hydrogens was obtained through deuterium exchange using the OPSI source, although there was some incomplete exchange or back‐exchange observed. Molecules with one to five exchangeable hydrogens were successfully analysed. ASAP analysis produced more complicated spectra with higher levels of incomplete or back‐exchanged ions; this was more pronounced at higher temperatures.ConclusionsThe use of OPSI provides a method for the rapid determination of the number of exchangeable hydrogens within a molecule. This yields useful information as an aid to the structural elucidation of unknowns. ASAP produces incomplete exchange and cannot be used for incorporation studies.
The contribution of citizen science volunteers to river monitoring and management: International and national perspectives and the example of the MoRPh survey
Authors: Gurnell Angela M. , England Judy , Shuker Lucy , Wharton Geraldene 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe contribution of citizen scientists to worldwide environmental monitoring has increased rapidly, particularly over the last two decades, as initiatives have become increasingly wide ranging in scope and style.River monitoring and assessment faces many challenges, especially over the longer‐term. Difficult decisions are being made over what can be measured and where. Citizen scientists are helping address these challenges by providing information on properties of river ecosystems, in particular biotic and water quality indicators, at lower cost and higher spatial and temporal coverage than would otherwise be possible and by contributing to data interpretation especially through their local knowledge. A notable deficit, however, has been the monitoring of physical characteristics and outcomes of physical interventions.Furthermore, the development of frameworks, such as the catchment partnership approach in the United Kingdom, within which volunteers, non‐governmental organisations, charities, and statutory bodies collaborate to improve understanding of river environments and decision making, is facilitating the engagement needed to support a new generation of integrated citizen science surveys.Within the United Kingdom, citizen scientists use the Modular River Survey to record river habitat data at a range of spatial scales to monitor physical changes and complement biological monitoring, notably the Riverfly Monitoring Initiative and associated “Riverfly Plus” surveys. They also collect geomorphological data and provide data for restoration appraisal. We present and analyse Modular River Survey data to illustrate how such new generation, multiscale, multipurpose monitoring methods can extract maximum value from the ever‐increasing citizen river science approach.
Evaluation of sustainable supply chain management performance: Indicators
Authors: Narimissa Omid , Kangarani‐Farahani Ali , Molla‐Alizadeh‐Zavardehi Saber 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSupply chain requires simultaneous enhancement of the economic, environmental, and social performance of the business toward sustainability. For this aim, a sustainable performance assessment system is needed to be implemented for evaluating different supply chain segments and clarify supply chains' indicators. The assessment can be performed based on three sustainability dimensions: economical, environmental, and social. The first purpose of this paper helps to identify sustainability issues and highlights the gaps and inconsistencies of literature. The second purpose of the study is to identify the most important indicators of sustainability for sustainable development supply chain of Iranian Oil Company stakeholder engagement. The indicators of the sustainable supply chain are studied and collected using metasynthesis approach, and the most important indicators of sustainability were identified for the company with Delphi technique. The proposed sustainability indicators can be useful for the researchers to develop practical and comprehensive measures in their respective industries.
How intra‐ and interfirm agglomeration affect new‐unit geographic distance decisions of multiunit firms
Authors: Woo Hyun‐Soo , Cannella Albert , Mesquita Luiz 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research Summary
Prior agglomeration research takes a competitive‐level view, where any incumbent is considered as a rival by a new entrant in the same geographic market. Our study suggests an alternative corporate‐level view, where entry by multiunit firms must consider sister units as well as rivals in the market. Theorizing about a sharing mechanism between sister units distinct from a spillover mechanism between rivals, we expect that multiunit firms locate new units nearer sister vis‐à‐vis rival units and that the size, quality, and organizational form of a new unit moderate these associations. Finally, we predict that multiunit firms establish new units distant from same‐brand and same‐market‐segment sister units. We find robust empirical support from the geographic distance decisions of 10 multiunit hotel firms in 20 U.S. cities.
Managerial Summary
Where should multiunit firms (e.g., fast‐food chains, hotels) locate new business units relative to others? Current competitive‐level‐strategy perspective argues new units should locate “far‐from‐others” if they have superior capabilities (to avoid being imitated) and “near‐others” if inferior ones (to better imitate others). We instead examine this phenomenon from a corporate‐level‐strategy perspective, regarding locally available synergies sister units can garner to better compete. We argue that new units locate nearer sister (i.e., business‐units of same‐parent firms) than rival units; that this effect is stronger if new units are larger, have better quality, and are company‐operated rather than franchised; and that this base effect is weaker when sisters belong to same‐ rather than different‐brand companies of the same parent‐firm. We provide supporting empirical evidence from the hotel industry.
Investigation of the requirements change management challenges in the domain of global software development
Authors: Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Sang Jun , Khan Arif Ali , Hussain Shahid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe phenomenon of global software development (GSD) has been adopted by a majority of the software development firms to achieve the significant benefits it offers. However, there are many challenges faced by the GSD organizations, which are mainly related to requirements change management (RCM). The key objective of this study is to identify the challenges of RCM process in GSD domain. The systematic literature review (SLR) approach has been used to investigate the challenges of RCM activities, and a total of 30 challenges were identified. We have further classified the identified challenges in the domain of client and vendor GSD organizations, aiming to provide a clear understanding of the RCM process and its challenges in the context of both types of GSD organizations. The identified challenges were also categorized into three core types according to the organization size (small, medium sized, or large), which highlights the significance of each challenge for a specific organizational size. In addition, the criticality of the identified challenges was assessed using the criteria of challenges having a frequency greater than or equal to 50%. According to the findings of this study, a framework is provided that could help GSD organizations address the problems related to RCM in a GSD environment.
Shear strength of RC deep beams with web openings based on two‐parameter kinematic theory
Authors: Liu Jian , Mihaylov Boyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDeep concrete beams often feature web openings that disrupt the flow of forces from the loads to the supports and reduce the shear strength of the member. While such openings can significantly impact the safety level of the structure, the research on deep beams has been focused mostly on the shear behavior of solid members. To address this issue, this paper proposes a new model for deep beams with rectangular openings that stems from a two‐parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for solid beams. The model is established based on an analysis of the shear behavior and failure modes of test specimens using nonlinear finite element and strut‐and‐tie models. In the new model, a deep shear span with an opening is represented by two solid shear spans, one above and one below the opening. By linking the two sub‐models, the proposed kinematics‐based approach describes the complete deformed shape of the shear span with four degrees of freedom (DOFs). These DOFs are predicted by combining the kinematic conditions with equilibrium conditions and constitutive relationships for the mechanisms of shear resistance across the critical shear cracks. The model is validated with 27 tests from the literature showing adequate shear strength predictions.