bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bony Density of the Pedicle Plays a More Significant Role in the Screw Anchorage Ability Than Other Regions of the Screw Trajectory
Authors: Chen Zan , Chen Yue , Zhou Jiajun , He Yanwei , Li Jingchi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveOsteoporosis is a crucial risk factor for screw loosening. Our studies indicate that the bone mineral density (BMD) in the screw trajectory is a better predictor of screw loosening than the BMD of the lumbar spine or the screw insertion position. Research has shown that anchorage on the screw tip is the most significant factor for screw anchorage ability, while others argue that decreased bony quality in the pedicle poses a significant risk for screw loosening. This study aimed to determine whether the bony quality of the screw tip, pedicle, or screw‐anchored vertebral body plays the most significant role in screw anchorage ability.MethodsA total of 73 patients who underwent single–segment bilateral pedicle screw fixation, along with posterior and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF and TLIF), from March 2019 to September 2020 were included in this retrospective study. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the fixed vertebral bodies, the entire screw trajectory, screw tip, screw–anchoraged vertebral body, and pedicles were measured separately. Data from patients with and without screw loosening were compared, and regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors. Additionally, the area under the curve (AUC) values were computed to assess the predictive performance of different parameters. Furthermore, fixation strength was calculated in numerical models with varying bony densities in different regions.ResultsHU values were found to be significantly lower in the loosening group across most measuring methods (HU values in the pedicle, 148.79 ± 97.04, 33.06 ± 34.82, p < 0.001). Specifically, the AUC of screw loosening prediction was notably higher when using HU values of the pedicle compared to other methods (AUC in the pedicle > 0.9 and in the screw insertion position > 0.7). Additionally, computational results for fixation strength revealed a clear decline in screw anchorage ability in models with poor BMD in the pedicle region.ConclusionsPedicle bone quality plays a more significant role in screw anchorage ability than that in other regions. The innovation of bony augmentation strategies should pay more attention to this region to optimize the screw anchorage ability effectively.
Metabolic engineering of narrow‐leafed lupin for the production of enantiomerically pure (−)‐sparteine
Authors: Mancinotti Davide , Yang Ting , Geu‐Flores Fernando 
Published: November 2024

SummaryThe protein crops known as lupins have been bred to accumulate low levels of antinutritional alkaloids, neglecting their potential as sources of valuable metabolites. Here, we engineered narrow‐leafed lupin (NLL) to accumulate large amounts of a single alkaloid of industrial interest called (−)‐sparteine. While (−)‐sparteine is recognized as a key auxiliary molecule in chiral synthesis, its variable price and limited availability have prevented its large‐scale use. We identified two enzymes that initiate the conversion of (−)‐sparteine to a variety of alkaloids accumulating in NLL. The first one is a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase belonging to family 71 (CYP71D189), and the second one is a short‐chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1). We screened a non‐GMO NLL mutant library and isolated a knockout in CYP71D189. The knockout displayed an altered metabolic profile where (−)‐sparteine accounted for 96% of the alkaloid content in the seeds (GC–MS basis). The (−)‐sparteine isolated from the mutant seeds was enantiomerically pure (99% enantiomeric excess). Apart from the altered alkaloid profile, the mutant did not have any noticeable phenotype. Our work demonstrates that (−)‐sparteine is the precursor of most QAs in NLL and expands the current uses of NLL as a crop.
Autophagy Regulates Plant Tolerance to Submergence by Modulating Photosynthesis
Authors: Yang Mingkang , Wei Jiaosheng , Xu Yarou , Zheng Shaoyan , Yu Baiyin , Ming Yu , Jin Honglei , Xie Lijuan , Qi Hua , Xiao Shi , Huang Wei , Chen Liang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe increase in global climate variability has increased the frequency and severity of floods, profoundly affecting agricultural production and food security worldwide. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway that is dispensable for plant responses to submergence. However, the physiological role of autophagy in plant response to submergence remains unclear. In this study, a multi‐omics approach was applied by combining transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to characterize molecular changes in the Arabidopsis autophagy‐defective mutant (atg5‐1) responding to submergence. Our results revealed that submergence resulted in remarkable changes in the transcriptome, proteome, and lipidome of Arabidopsis. Under submerged conditions, the levels of chloroplastidic lipids, including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), were lower in atg5‐1 than in wild‐type, suggesting that autophagy may affect photosynthesis by regulating lipid metabolism. Consistently, photosynthesis‐related proteins and photosynthetic efficiency decreased in atg5‐1 under submergence conditions. Phenotypic analysis revealed that inhibition of photosynthesis resulted in a decreased tolerance to submergence. Compared to wild‐type plants, atg5‐1 plants showed a significant decrease in starch content after submergence. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel role for autophagy in plant response to submergence via the regulation of underwater photosynthesis and starch content.
Neo‐Conventionalist Accounts of Necessity
Authors: Yüksel Cansu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTConventionalism about necessity was deemed hopeless for a long time. The philosophical landscape, however, is shifting now with recent work in modal metaphysics locating the source of necessity in some kind of convention, albeit non‐linguistic. Modal neo‐conventionalists claim that a proposition is necessary just when it is true and is classified as such as a matter of convention. But what is the function of adopting a convention about necessity? And what are these conventions that distinguish what is possible from what is impossible, anyway? In this paper, I first offer an elucidation of the two accounts of neo‐conventionalism, which I call ‘worlds‐based neo‐conventionalism’ and ‘axiom‐based neo‐conventionalism’. Then, I discuss a number of pressing questions that modal neo‐conventionalism faces. The moral is that neo‐conventionalists have some work to do in order for the account to be explanatorily satisfactory.
CNN‐transformer dual branch collaborative model for semantic segmentation of high‐resolution remote sensing images
Authors: Zhu Xiaotong , Peng Taile , Guo Jia , Wang Hao , Cao Taotao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution remote sensing images play an important role in geological surveys, disaster detection, and other fields. However, highly imbalanced ground target classes and easily confused small ground targets pose significant challenges to the semantic segmentation task. We propose IC‐TransUNet, a new dual branch model based on an encoder‐decoder structure that fully exploits the advantages of convolutional neural networks and transformers and considers both detailed information and semantic information capture. Specifically, a lightweight CSwin transformer and InceptionNeXt are used as the dual branch backbone of the model. To further improve the model performance, first, we designed the InceptionNeXt‐CSwin Transformer Fusion Module (ICFM) and Edge Enhancement Module (EEM) to guide the dual branch backbone to obtain features. Second, a detachable Spatial‐channel Attention Fusion Module (SCAFM) is designed to be flexibly inserted into multiple positions of the model. Finally, we designed a decoder with significant performance based on a global local transformer block, SCAFM, and a multilayer perceptron segmentation head. IC‐TransUNet achieved highly competitive performance in experiments on the Vaihingen and Potsdam datasets from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Theory of mind and emotion regulation in school‐aged children: Associations with parental reflective functioning
Authors: Misailidi Plousia , Zimmermann Peter , Gelou Ioulia , Barbatsi Konstantina , Bonoti Fotini 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChildren's theory of mind (ToM) and emotion regulation (ER) have been associated with various parental factors. This study examined associations between ToM, ER, and dimensions of parental reflective functioning (RF) in children aged 7 to 12 years. A total of 95 children (M = 8.85 years, 51 girls, and 44 boys) and their mothers took part in the study. Children completed two higher‐order ToM tasks and mothers rated their own RF and children's ToM and ER. Analyses revealed unique effects of parental prementalizing modes (PM) on both task‐measured and parent‐reported ToM as well as on children's socially‐appropriate ER skills and their lability/negativity. Moreover, parents’ interest and curiosity about their children's mental states (IC) was uniquely associated with parent‐reported ToM and ER. The study also revealed bidirectional mediation effects, with ToM mediating the relationship between ER and both PM and IC, and ER mediating the relationship between ToM and both PM and IC.
Virtual reality training to improve socio‐emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorders: A multiple baseline effectiveness study
Authors: Arts Elke , De Castro Bram O. , Luteijn Ellen , Elsendoorn Ben , Maric Marija , Vissers Constance T. W. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated whether interactive virtual reality (VR) training of social and emotional abilities (InterAction) improves socio‐emotional functioning of youth with developmental language disorders (DLD). To this end we conducted a multiple baseline intervention study, comparing participants’ social abilities during a baseline phase with their changes in abilities during the intervention and posttest phase. The training group consisted of 29 adolescents (20 boys, 9 girls) with DLD from the Netherlands. The training consisted of nine, weekly (45–50 min) individual sessions with each participant. In addition, to improve estimation of the secondary outcomes, a matched sample of 9 adolescents with DLD was also assessed, but received no treatment. Results of the nonoverlap of all pairs test showed a large effect of the VR training on more than half of the individualized intervention goals (56.90%). The results of multilevel analyses indicated that there was significant improvement from baseline to posttest on social abilities (d = 1.36), indicating effectiveness of the VR intervention. Secondary outcomes indicated that, compared to the control group, adolescents of the training group improved significantly in their cognitive Theory of Mind (ToM). However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in affective ToM or in parent reported socio‐emotional functioning. Importantly, adolescents highly appreciated the VR training, as they found it both enjoyable and educational. They reported increased interaction with peers, feeling more confident in social situations, and would recommend the training to others. These findings suggest that interactive VR may be a promising tool to improve socio‐emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD.
Imaginary athletes: Prevalence, forms, and developmental functions
Authors: Madsen Stephanie D. , Gleason Tracy R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractImagined others have been documented throughout the lifespan in relation to a range of developmental tasks. Although anecdotal evidence suggests that imaginary others are created in the context of athletic play in childhood and adolescence, they have never been studied systematically in this domain. Through retrospective surveys of 225 college students (38.8% men; Mage = 20.08, SD = 2.28; range 18–37 years), we investigated whether and how imaginary athletes were part of children's and adolescents’ repertoire, including the nature of their manifestations, links to their creators’ characteristics, and their functions. Imaginary athletes were reported by 40.9% of the sample, primarily men who remembered them from middle childhood; those with such creations rated themselves as having a greater predilection for fantasy. Patterns of imaginary athlete functions revealed three profiles: (a) minimally detailed utilitarian Placeholders that enabled play; (b) Athletic Tools, typically rivals with characteristics relevant to a sport; and (c) Social Relationships, imaginary athletes with detailed identities, typically manifesting as teammates. Descriptions of imaginary athletes included profile‐linked affordances relevant to middle childhood, suggesting that imaginary athletes might provide a mechanism for addressing developmental tasks of this period, such as mastery of skills and navigation of peer relationships.
Development of Aegilops comosa and Aegilops caudata‐specific molecular markers and fluorescence in situ hybridization probes based on specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing
Authors: Zuo Yuanyuan , Dai Shoufen , Wang Xinyu , Zhang Jinyue , Yang Juan , Yang Wen , Zhao Haojie , Shu Na , Song Pengying , Liu Gang , Yan Zehong 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYAs tertiary gene pools of wheat, Aegilops comosa and Ae. caudata contain many excellent genes/traits and gradually become important and noteworthy wild resources for wheat improvement worldwide. However, the lack of molecular markers and cytological probes with good specificity and high sensitivity limits the development and utilization of Triticum aestivum–Ae. comosa (Ta. Aeco)/Ae. caudata (Ta. Aeca) introgression lines. Using specific‐locus amplified fragment sequencing, two Ae. comosa and one Ae. caudata accessions, Chinese Spring, and three Ta. Aeco and Ta. Aeca introgression lines each were sequenced to develop new molecular markers and cytological probes. After strict sequence comparison and verification in different materials, a total of 39 molecular markers specific to three chromosomes in Ae. comosa (nine, seven, and 10 markers for 1M, 2M, and 7M, respectively) and Ae. caudata (two, six, and five markers for 3C, 4C, and 5C, respectively) and 21 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes (one centromeric probe with signals specific to the M chromosomes, two centromeric probes with signals in all the tested genomes, and six, eight, and four FISH probes specific to the M, C, and M, C, and U chromosomes, respectively) were successfully exploited. The newly developed molecular markers and cytological probes could be used in karyotype studies, centromere evolutionary analyses of Aegilops, and had the ability to detect the fusion centromeres and small‐fragment translocations in introgression lines.
Effects of blood donor characteristics and storage on red blood cell haemoglobin β S‐nitrosylation
Authors: Zhang Cuiping , Huang Peng , Singh Ravinder J. , Zubair Abba C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn the setting of tissue hypoxia, S‐nitrosylated haemoglobin (SNO‐Hb) plays crucial roles in the control of blood flow. This is associated with decreased oxygen affinity to haemoglobin and increase in tissue oxygenation. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is primarily performed to improve tissue oxygenation in anaemic patients. RBCs after storage undergo a variety of biochemical and functional alterations, including deficiency of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity. However, how donor characteristics affect NO levels during RBC storage is unclear. We sought to investigate the association of blood donor age, gender and storage duration with NO and SNO‐Hb levels in blood units.Materials and MethodsBlood samples from 42 healthy younger (≤30 years) and older (≥45 years) donors were collected and stored for up to 42 days. Total NO kits were used to detect total nitrite and nitrate levels in blood storage solution. SNO‐Hb levels in RBCs were detected and analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry.ResultsTotal NO levels in the blood storage solution significantly increased with donor age and storage duration. Proteomic analysis revealed that RBCs from older donors, particularly older females, significantly lost SNO‐Hb during storage. Our findings indicate that RBCs from older donors are associated with reduced SNO‐Hb levels and increased NO metabolites in storage solution after ≥35 days storage.ConclusionThe findings suggest stored RBCs from older donors may have reduced capacity to deliver oxygen to tissues under hypoxia. A shorter shelf life may be required for storing RBCs from older donors, particularly older females.
Has the switch to sexual risk behaviour screening impacted deferrals for pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylaxis therapy for human immunodeficiency virus?
Authors: Goldman Mindy , Uzicanin Samra , O'Brien Sheila F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCanadian Blood Services defers donors during and for 4 months after oral pre‐exposure or post‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because of concerns about altered viral kinetics. We assessed the impact of the switch from a time‐based deferral for men who have sex with men (MSM) to sexual risk behaviour criteria on PrEP/PEP deferrals.Materials and MethodsData on PrEP/PEP deferral codes were extracted from our National Epidemiology Database for the 22 months before (Period 1) and after (Period 2) the criteria change.ResultsPEP deferrals remained stable (2.3 vs. 1.7 per 100,000 donations in Periods 1 and 2, p = 0.2892), about 45% and 33%, respectively, of these donors who reported a recent needle stick injury. PrEP deferrals increased from 5.9 to 12.4 per 100,000 (p = 0.0001); approximately 30% of donors in both periods had other HIV risk factor deferrals. Donors deferred for PrEP use alone were more likely to be male, first‐time users and younger than other donors.ConclusionThe switch to sexual risk behaviour led to a small increase in deferrals for PrEP. We may not be measuring the full impact of deferral criteria because potential donors may self‐defer and PrEP use is increasing.
Effectiveness of resistance training in preventing sarcopenia among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan Ting‐Wan , Tan Han‐Ling , Chung Yu‐Chu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experience body composition changes impacting treatment outcomes. The role of resistance training in mitigating chemotherapy‐induced sarcopenia in breast cancer patients is not well defined.AimsThis study aims to assess the efficacy of resistance training in preventing sarcopenia among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsA systematic search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library, and CINAHL until May 5, 2023. Selected literature focused on the effects of resistance training on body fat, muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was employed for quality assessment, and data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis version 2.0.ResultsEleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed that resistance training had a significant positive impact on reducing body fat (SMD = −0.250, 95% CI [−0.450, −0.050]), increasing lean body mass (SMD = 0.374, 95% CI [0.178, 0.571]), and enhancing handgrip strength at both the affected site (SMD = 0.326, 95% CI [0.108, 0.543]) and the nonaffected site (SMD = 0.276, 95% CI [0.059, 0.492]). Additionally, significant improvements were observed in leg press strength (SMD = 0.598, 95% CI [0.401, 0.796]) and overall physical performance (SMD = 0.671, 95% CI [0.419, 0.923]).Linking Evidence to ActionResistance training is a recommended intervention for reducing body fat, increasing muscle mass, muscle strength, and enhancing physical performance in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Ideal low‐intensity resistance training programs span 8–24 weeks, with 20‐to‐90‐min sessions 2–4 times weekly. Regimens generally entail 8–12 repetitions at 40%–90% of one‐repetition maximum test, with free‐weight resistance training targeting major muscle groups yielding substantial benefits. Further research should explore outcomes across different chemotherapy phases and investigate long‐term resistance training effects for a comprehensive view.
On degenerate (p,q)$(p,q)$‐Laplace equations corresponding to an inverse spectral problem
Authors: Il'yasov Yavdat , Valeev Nur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA method of solving nonlinear boundary value problems involving ‐Laplace with unbounded measurable coefficients is introduced through the inverse optimal problem approach. The existence, uniqueness, and stability of the nonnegative weak solution to the nonlinear equations of the form
with unbounded measurable are proven for the first time. An explicit formula that expresses the solution of the nonlinear equations through the inverse optimal solution of the spectral problem
is presented. A unique maximizer of the lowest eigenvalue of subject to a constraint in the Lebesgue space is found. Furthermore, a new class of applied problems that lead to equations with ‐Laplace is presented.
Inhibition of TrkB kinase activity impairs autophagy in cervical motor neurons of young but not old mice
Authors: Pareja‐Cajiao Miguel , Gransee Heather M. , Jahanian Sepideh , Sieck Gary C. , Mantilla Carlos B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAgeing‐related neuromuscular dysfunction is associated with reduced tropomyosin‐related kinase receptor subtype B (TrkB) signalling and accumulation of damaged cytoplasmic aggregates in motor neurons. Autophagy functions to remove these damaged aggregates, and we previously reported increased cervical motor neuron expression of LC3 and p62 in old age. We hypothesized that inhibition of TrkB kinase activity results in an increase in the relative expression of both LC3 and p62 in cervical motor neurons, consistent with impaired progression of autophagy. TrkBF616A mice, which possess a mutation that renders TrkB kinase activity susceptible to rapid inhibition by 1NMPP1, were treated at 6, 18 or 24 months of age with vehicle or 1NMPP1 for 7 days. Immunofluorescence intensity was measured to determine LC3 and p62 expression in choline acetyltransferase‐positive motor neurons in the cervical spinal cord. The effect of inhibiting TrkB kinase activity on progression of autophagy was age dependent. In 6‐month‐old mice, inhibiting TrkB kinase activity increased cervical motor neuron expression of LC3 by 11% (P < 0.001) and p62 by 8% (P = 0.019) compared with vehicle treatment. In 18‐ and 24‐month‐old mice, there was no effect of inhibiting TrkB kinase activity on motor neuron LC3 or p62 expression. We provide evidence that inhibition of TrkB signalling impairs progression of autophagy in motor neurons of young mice, similar to the response to ageing. Accordingly, a reduction of TrkB signalling in old age might contribute to neuromuscular dysfunction by impairing progression of autophagy in motor neurons.