bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Conflicted Tale of Two Novel AR Antagonists In Vitro and In Vivo: Pyrifluquinazon Versus Bisphenol C
Authors: Gray Leon Earl , Furr Johnathan R , Conley Justin M , Lambright Christy S , Evans Nicola , Cardon Mary C , Wilson Vickie S , Foster Paul M , Hartig Phillip C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chemicals that disrupt androgen receptor (AR) function in utero induce a cascade of adverse effects in male rats including reduced anogenital distance, retained nipples, and reproductive tract malformations. The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro and in utero activities of two novel AR antagonists, bisphenol C (BPC) and pyrifluquinazon (PFQ). In vitro, BPC was as potent an AR antagonist as hydroxyflutamide. Furthermore, BPC inhibited fetal testis testosterone production and testis gene expression ex vivo. However, when BPC was administered at 100 and 200 mg/kg/d in utero, the reproductive tract of the male offspring was minimally affected. None of the males displayed reproductive malformations. For comparison, in utero administration of flutamide has been shown to induce malformations in 100% of males at 6 mg/kg/d. In vitro, PFQ was several orders of magnitude less potent than BPC, vinclozolin, or procymidone. However, in utero administration of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg PFQ/kg/d on GD 14–18 induced antiandrogenic effects at all dosage levels and 91% of the males displayed reproductive malformation in the high dose group. Overall, BPC was ∼380-fold more potent than PFQ in vitro, whereas PFQ was far more potent than BPC in utero. Incorporating toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic data into in vitro to in vivo extrapolations would reduce the discordance between the in vitro and in utero effects of PFQ and BPC and combining in vitro results with a short-term Hershberger assay would reduce the uncertainty in predicting the in utero effects of antiandrogenic chemicals.
Supraphysiological Concentrations of Bisphenol A Alter the Expression of Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched miRNAs From Human Primary Granulosa Cells
Authors: Rodosthenous Rodosthenis S , Baccarelli Andrea A , Mansour Abdallah , Adir Michal , Israel Ariel , Racowsky Catherine , Hauser Russ , Bollati Valentina , Machtinger Ronit 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used chemical that has been detected in follicular fluid and associated with adverse reproductive effects. Granulosa cells have an important role in follicular growth and oocyte maturation, however, little is known about the biological mechanisms of BPA toxicity on human granulosa cells. In this study, we exposed primary granulosa cells to different concentrations of BPA (0, 20, 200, 2000, and 20 000 ng/ml) and used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression levels of miRNAs enriched in extracellular vesicles (EV-enriched miRNAs), and cellular levels of selected target genes of differentially expressed EV-enriched miRNAs. We found that exposure to 20 000 ng/ml BPA was associated with decreased levels of EV-miR-27b-3p (FC = 0.58, p = .04) and increased levels of its biologically relevant target genes FADD (FC = 1.22, p = .01), IGF1 (FC = 1.59, p = .06), and PPARG (FC = 1.73, p = .001) as compared with the control. In addition, we observed that under the same exposure conditions, the expression levels of miR-27b-3p in granulosa cells were also downregulated (FC = 0.65, p = .03) as compared with the control. Our findings suggest that both cellular and extracellular changes in gene expression may mediate BPA toxicity in granulosa cells.
Effect of Surgical Trainee Presence on Vaginal Hysterectomy Outcomes
Authors: Rajakumar Chandrew , Mallick Ranjeeta , Posner Glenn , Schramm David , Singh Sukhbir S. , Lortie Karine , Pascali Dante , Chen Innie 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018;25:1088–1093)
Definitive relief from several disease states that burden women can be provided by hysterectomy. This procedure can be performed via vaginal, laparoscopic, robotic, transabdominal, or combined approaches.
Women's Preferences for Permanent Contraception Method and Willingness to Be Randomized for a Hypothetical Trial
Authors: Piazza Adriana , Schwirian Kelly , Scott Fiona , Wilson Machelle D. , Zite Nikki B. , Creinin Mitchell D. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from Contraception 2019;99:56–60
More than 20% of women in the United States use female permanent contraception to prevent pregnancy. Surgical options for women who desire permanent contraception include tubal occlusion, partial or total salpingectomy, or transcervical sterilization.
Safe Transportation in-Spica Following Surgical Treatment of Infantile DDH: Solutions and Threats
Authors: Adams Alexander J. , Johnson Mitchell A. , Ryan Kelly A. , Farrell Sharon B. , Morro Meg , Sankar Wudbhav N. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Government regulations mandate appropriate vehicular restraints for children under 4 years of age. Patients treated for infantile developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with spica casts often require special accommodations. Previous work suggests that car seat loaner programs may help achieve these goals while avoiding the need for costly ambulance transportation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our center’s experience with postdischarge transportation in a large population of DDH infants and identify future threats to our program.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective review of patients 4 years or younger of age who underwent closed or open reduction for DDH at our center between 2011 and 2018. Only the initial surgery of staged procedures was included. Patient demographic factors were recorded, as were procedure type, final restraint used for postdischarge transportation, and any potential discharge delays secondary to transportation issues. Costs were compared amongst transportation options.

Results:
Our cohort consisted of 130 patients (mean age, 1.4±0.9 y; 98 females) treated for DDH. In total 41 children (31.5%) underwent closed reduction procedures, whereas 89 patients (68.5%) underwent open reductions. After reduction, 62 (47.7%) received 2-legged spica casts and 68 (52.3%) received 1.5-legged casts. The most common restraint was a hospital-loaned Hippo car seat (73, 55.8%) followed by family-owned car seats (27, 20.8%). Eight patients (6.2%) experienced delays in discharge while waiting for adequate restraints, 6 patients (4.6%) were transported by ambulance, and 4 patients (3.1%) left against medical advice with inadequate restraints.

Conclusions:
Following surgical treatment of DDH, over 50% of patients with a spica cast were discharged using our center’s car seat loaner program. However, availability and cost can present barriers for patients, with 4.6% of patients still being transported home by ambulance and 3.1% with inadequate restraints against medical advice. Costs of car seats are significant both for patients’ families intending to purchase them, as well as for hospitals maintaining loaner programs and replacing used/lost seats. Moving forward, the recent cessation of production of the most common “spica car seat” threatens the longevity of existing loaner programs and calls renewed attention to the issue of safe transportation in-spica from providers and car-seat manufacturers alike.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Free Diced Cartilage: Tips and Tricks of a Customized Procedure in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Garofalo Raffaella , Pagliari Marco , D’Ettorre Marco 
Published: January 2019

Summary:
Free diced cartilage graft represents a relatively innovative technique with multiple applications. It is conventionally used for smoothening, augmentation, or camouflaging of the nasal dorsum in primary or revision rhinoplasties. The aim of the article was to give some tips and tricks about harvesting and preparation of free diced cartilage to maximize its exploitation and make it easily repeatable, extending the field of application not only to the nasal dorsum but also other sites, such as the tip of the nose.
Vision-related Performance and Quality of Life of Patients With Rapid Glaucoma Progression
Authors: Waisbourd Michael , Sanvicente Carina T. , Coleman Haley M. , Sieburth Rebecca , Zhan Tingting , Gogte Priyanka , Muhire Remy S. Manzi , Wizov Sheryl S. , Moster Marlene R. , Pro Michael J. , Fudemberg Scott J. , Mantravadi Anand V. , Myers Jonathan S. , Katz L. Jay , Hark Lisa A. , Spaeth George L. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine how clinical measures, performance-based measures and subjective assessments of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) are affected in patients with rapid glaucoma progression.

Methods:
Prospective longitudinal study that included 153 patients diagnosed with moderate glaucoma. A subset of patients that presented with rapid glaucoma progression (n=22), defined as visual field (VF) mean deviation (MD) loss >2.0 dB/y, were compared with patients with nonrapid progression (n=131). Groups were compared using t tests, χ2, or Fisher exact test. Main outcome measures were visual acuity (VA), VF MD, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL), contrast sensitivity (CS), Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (CAARV), and Rasch calibrated National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) scores.

Results:
At baseline, patients who progressed rapidly had lower measurements of VA (P=0.041), VF MD (P<0.001), Pelli-Robson score (P=0.004), Spaeth/Richman Contrast Sensitivity (SPARCS) score (P=0.001), RNFL thickness (P=0.009), CAARV total score (P<0.001), and NEI-VFQ-25 composite score (P=0.03). A multivariable logistic regression was performed and showed VF MD to be the only baseline independent predictor of rapid progression. After 1 year, patients who progressed rapidly also had a significant decrease in SPARCS score (P=0.04).

Conclusions:
Factors associated with rapid glaucoma progression included worse VF MD decreased scores of performance-based measures and subjectively worse VRQoL. After 1 year, rapid progressors had a significant reduction in contrast sensitivity as measured by SPARCS.
A Review of Gynecologic Oncology in the Global Setting: Educating and Training the Next Generation of Women's Health Providers
Authors: Sullivan Stephanie A. , Stringer Elizabeth , Van Le Linda 
Published: January 2019

Importance
Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are responsible for the stability of their families. Child survival is directly linked to the health and well-being of their mother. Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the incidence and mortality for women from cancer are projected to increase over the coming decades. Gynecologic cancer outcomes are improved when women are cared for by a gynecologic oncologist; however, there are limited specialized providers in LMICs. Increasing interest and involvement from specialists in the United States will improve partnerships abroad and the care of women worldwide.

Objective
To summarize the importance of global gynecologic oncology care and the current data for US trainees in obstetrics and gynecology to participate in clinical and capacity-building opportunities.

Evidence Acquisition
We performed a PubMed literature search for articles pertaining to the topic of global health education in obstetrics and gynecology and gynecologic oncology specifically.

Results
Many obstetric and gynecologic residency programs offer international opportunities, but these are less than those in other specialties and are more frequently focused in obstetrics. Many gynecologic oncology fellowship programs offer international experiences for fellows; however, the time and resources required are limited. Several US and international programs are ongoing to improve capacity building for gynecologic oncology in LMICs with local trainees.

Conclusions and Relevance
Training and care in gynecologic oncology care worldwide are improving through efforts at multiple levels. Continued efforts are needed to improve US trainee international education and experience.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to examine the unique role of women in LMICs; identify the limitations in gynecologic oncology care in LMICs; value the importance of global health exposure during medical training for U.S. physicians; and analyze initiatives that can improve training in gynecologic oncology for global providers.
Survivorship Care Planning in Gynecologic Oncology—Perspectives From Patients, Caregivers, and Health Care Providers
Authors: de Rooij Belle H. , Thomas Teresa Hagan , Post Kathryn E. , Flanagan Jane , Ezendam Nicole P. M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Dizon Don S. 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from J Cancer Surviv 2018; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11764-018-0713-9)
Survivors of gynecological cancer experience a significant level of disease- and treatment-related symptoms after the end of first-line treatment that persist and greatly impact their long-term quality of life. Fear of cancer recurrence is a significant and overwhelming psychological concern among women who survive.
Elevated Postvoid Residual Urine Volume: Identifying Risk Factors and Predicting Resolution in Women With Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Ulrich Amanda , Davis Patricia , Propst Katie , O'Sullivan David M. , Tulikangas Paul 
Published: January 2019

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2018;24:444–448)
No definition of what constitutes normal postvoid residual (PVR) is universally accepted. However, a commonly used definition is a PVR less than 100 mL.
Risk of Ischemic Stroke After a Facial Bone Fracture in Elderly Patients
Authors: Kim Ryeolwoo , Kim Junhyung , Jun Youngjoon , Hong Jeong-ho , Lee Soyoung , Choi Jaehoon , Jung Woonhyeok , Shin Youngmin 
Published: January 2019

Background
Ischemic stroke is a major disease in our aging society, and the incidence of facial bone fractures among the elderly has increased. However, there have been few studies evaluating stroke after facial bone fractures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency and risk of stroke after facial bone fractures.

Methods
This study included patients 65 years or older with a diagnosis of facial bone fracture (study group) and patients who had previously undergone plastic surgery procedures such as mass excisions or cosmetic surgery (control group) from 2006 to 2015. We evaluated the incidence of new-onset ischemic stroke and its associated risk factors during a 1-year follow-up period. Patients were excluded if they had a history of stroke or if they were lost to follow-up during the course of the study period.

Results
There were no demographic differences between the 2 groups except in age. According to the hazard ratio, the study group had a significantly higher risk of ischemic stroke than did the control group during the follow-up period. There was an identified interaction between the sexes. Only the women in our study group had an increased risk of ischemic stroke that was statistically significant. After adjusting for the risk factors, the increased stroke risk in patients in the study group persisted at about the same level as in the unadjusted analysis. Regarding the stroke-free survival rates, the curve also showed that the study group had a significantly lower 1-year stroke-free survival rate.

Conclusions
Facial bone fractures are associated with increased risk of stroke at 1-year follow-up among elderly patients, particularly women.
Anatomic Targets for Breast Reconstruction Neurotization
Authors: Gatherwright James , Knackstedt Rebecca , Djohan Risal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The concept of providing neurotized autologous breast reconstruction is not novel, but the introduction of cadaveric nerve grafts has allowed for the development of new techniques and a resurgence in academic interest. There has been a surge in the number of publications regarding neurotized autologous breast reconstruction. However, recent articles and reviews have focused mainly on autologous, abdominal-based reconstruction. The sensory innervation of the most commonly used autologous tissues has been well described, allowing surgeons to perform accurate and reproducible dissections. However, there are numerous options for autologous breast reconstruction, and not all patients are candidates for abdominally based reconstruction. As more patients inquire to their possible reconstruction options, plastic surgeons will have to be well versed in the different neurotized options and appreciate the technical aspects associated with reconstructive success. In this review, we aim to discuss both established anatomic targets for autologous flap neurotization and future directions.
Immunomodulation in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Authors: Pappalardo Marco , Montesano Luigi , Toia Francesca , Russo Antonio , Di Lorenzo Sara , Dieli Francesco , Moschella Francesco , Leto Barone Angelo A. , Meraviglia Serena , Di Stefano Anna Barbara 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hand and face transplants are becoming increasingly common, recording progressively more penile, uterus, abdominal wall, and allotransplantation cases reported worldwide. Despite current protocols allow long-term survival of the allografts, the ultimate goal of donor-specific tolerance has not been achieved yet. In fact, the harmful adverse effects related to the lifelong administration of immunosuppressive agents are the main drawbacks for vascularized composite allotransplantations. Research is very active in investigating alternative methods to induce greater tolerance while minimizing toxicity. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) represent promising cell therapies for immunomodulation in preclinical and clinical settings. Their clinical appeal is due to their easy harvest in large quantities through a noninvasive and well-accepted approach; they may well promote donor-specific tolerance and potentially reduce immunosuppression. Several experimental studies exist, but lacking review articles reporting current evidence. This work proposes a literature review on the immunomodulatory role of ASCs in vascularized composite allotransplantations. In vitro and in vivo evidence will be summarized. The role that cell passaging and upstream progenitors—the so-called spheroid ASCs—may play in modulating the immune response will also be discussed. Finally, this article will summarize current knowledge on biodistribution, migration, and homing of injected stem cells. This review may well provide useful information for preclinical and clinical studies, aiming at a breakthrough for donor-specific tolerance.
Differences in Complication Rates of Gluteoplasty Procedures That Utilize Autologous Fat Grafting, Implants, or Local Flaps
Authors: Asserson Derek B. , Kulinich Andrea G. , Orbay Hakan , Sahar David E. 
Published: January 2019

Background
Gluteoplasty (gluteal augmentation) procedures are increasing in popularity, but there is not a universally accepted technique to produce optimal outcomes while minimizing risk. In this systematic review, we perform a meta-analysis to evaluate rates of complication from autologous fat grafting, implants, and local flaps, which are the three most common gluteoplasty operations.

Methods
A search of the PubMed/MEDLINE database for articles including the terms “gluteoplasty” OR “gluteal augmentation” OR “buttock augmentation” OR “Brazilian butt lift” OR “gluteal autologous fat graft” OR “buttock autologous fat graft” OR “gluteal implant” OR “buttock implant” OR “gluteal flap” OR “buttock flap” generated 229 articles. This number was brought down to 134 after initial screening by title. Inclusion criteria then removed those not written in English, those without access to the full text, those without extractable data on complications, and duplicates, leaving 46 articles to examine.

Results
A total of 4362 patients who underwent gluteoplasty between 1992 and 2017 were found. The overall complication rate was 12.4%. Implants had the highest rate (31.4%), whereas fat grafting had the lowest (6.8%); flaps were intermediate (23.1%). A χ2 test yielded a statistically significant (P < 0.001) nonindependent relationship between combined complication rate and type of surgery. Individual complications, such as asymmetry, capsular contracture, fat embolism, hematoma, infection, necrosis, pain, seroma, wide scar formation, and wound dehiscence, were also analyzed.

Conclusions
Fat grafting by plastic surgeons might be the best option for gluteoplasty with regard to complications. In certain cases, however, there may only exist one choice for an operation because of anatomical limitations, which predisposes patients to those associated complications.
Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection Compromises Wound Healing by Causing Deficiencies in Granulation Tissue Collagen
Authors: Roy Sashwati , Santra Suman , Das Amitava , Dixith Sriteja , Sinha Mithun , Ghatak Subhadip , Ghosh Nandini , Banerjee Pradipta , Khanna Savita , Mathew-Steiner Shomita , Ghatak Piya Das , Blackstone Britani N. , Powell Heather M. , Bergdall Valerie K. , Wozniak Daniel J. , Sen Chandan K. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
The objective of this work was to causatively link biofilm properties of bacterial infection to specific pathogenic mechanisms in wound healing.

Background:

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the four most prevalent bacterial species identified in chronic wounds. Causatively linking wound pathology to biofilm properties of bacterial infection is challenging. Thus, isogenic mutant stains of S. aureus with varying degree of biofilm formation ability was studied in an established preclinical porcine model of wound biofilm infection.

Methods:
Isogenic mutant strains of S. aureus with varying degree (ΔrexB > USA300 > ΔsarA) of biofilm-forming ability were used to infect full-thickness porcine cutaneous wounds.

Results:
Compared with that of ΔsarA infection, wound biofilm burden was significantly higher in response to ΔrexB or USA300 infection. Biofilm infection caused degradation of cutaneous collagen, specifically collagen 1 (Col1), with ΔrexB being most pathogenic in that regard. Biofilm infection of the wound repressed wound-edge miR-143 causing upregulation of its downstream target gene matrix metalloproteinase-2. Pathogenic rise of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinase-2 in biofilm-infected wound-edge tissue sharply decreased collagen 1/collagen 3 ratio compromising the biomechanical properties of the repaired skin. Tensile strength of the biofilm infected skin was compromised supporting the notion that healed wounds with a history of biofilm infection are likely to recur.

Conclusion:
This study provides maiden evidence that chronic S. aureus biofilm infection in wounds results in impaired granulation tissue collagen leading to compromised wound tissue biomechanics. Clinically, such compromise in tissue repair is likely to increase wound recidivism.