bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic Brain Tumors Disrupt the Blood-Brain Barrier and Alter Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Expression of the Endothelial Cell Fatty Acid Transporter Mfsd2a
Authors: Tiwary Shweta , Morales John E. , Kwiatkowski Sam C. , Lang Frederick F. , Rao Ganesh , McCarty Joseph H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDisruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by cancer cells is linked to metastatic tumor initiation and progression; however, the pathways that drive these events remain poorly understood. Here, we have developed novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of brain metastases that recapitulate pathological growth features found in original patient samples, thus allowing for analysis of BBB disruption by tumor cells. We report that the BBB is selectively disrupted in brain metastases, in part, via inhibition of the endothelial cell-expressed docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain 2a (Mfsd2a). Loss of Mfsd2a expression in the tumor endothelium results in enhanced BBB leakage, but reduced DHA transport and altered lipid metabolism within metastases. Mfsd2a expression in normal cerebral endothelial cells is cooperatively regulated by TGFβ and bFGF signaling pathways, and these pathways are pathologically diminished in the brain metastasis endothelium. These results not only reveal a fundamental pathway underlying BBB disruption by metastatic cancer cells, but also suggest that restoring DHA metabolism in the brain tumor microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic strategy to block metastatic cell growth and survival.
Persistence of Long-lived Memory B Cells specific to Duffy Binding Protein in individuals exposed to Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Changrob Siriruk , McHenry Amy M. , Nyunt Myat Htut , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Han Eun-Taek , Adams John H. , Chootong Patchanee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe major challenge in designing a protective Duffy binding protein region II (DBPII)-based vaccine against blood-stage vivax malaria is the high number of polymorphisms in critical residues targeted by binding-inhibitory antibodies. Here, longevity of antibody and memory B cell response (MBCs) to DBL-TH variants, DBL-TH2, -TH4, -TH5, -TH6 and -TH9 were analyzed in P. vivax-exposed individuals living in a low malaria transmission area of southern Thailand. Antibody to DBL-TH variants were significantly detected during P. vivax infection and it was persisted for up to 9 months post-infection. However, DBL-TH-specific MBC responses were stably maintained longer than antibody response, at least 3 years post-infection in the absence of re-infection. Phenotyping of B cell subsets showed the expansion of activated and atypical MBCs during acute and recovery phase of infection. While the persistence of DBL-TH-specific MBCs was found in individuals who had activated and atypical MBC expansion, anti-DBL-TH antibody responses was rapidly declined in plasma. The data suggested that these two MBCs were triggered by P. vivax infection, its expansion and stability may have impact on antibody responses. Our results provided evidence for ability of DBPII variant antigens in induction of long-lasting MBCs among individuals who were living in low malaria endemicity.
An α-1,6-and α-1,3-linked glucan produced by Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 alternansucrase with nanoparticle and film-forming properties
Authors: Wangpaiboon Karan , Padungros Panuwat , Nakapong Santhana , Charoenwongpaiboon Thanapon , Rejzek Martin , Field Robert A. , Pichyangkura Rath 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlternansucrase catalyses the sequential transfer of glucose residues from sucrose onto another sucrose molecule to form a long chain polymer, known as “alternan”. The alternansucrase-encoding gene from Leuconostoc citreum ABK-1 (Lcalt) was successfully cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Lcalt encoded LcALT of 2,057 amino acid residues; the enzyme possessed an optimum temperature and pH of 40 °C and 5.0, respectively, and its’ activity was stimulated up to 2.4-fold by the presence of Mn2+. Kinetic studies of LcALT showed a high transglycosylation activity, with Km 32.2 ± 3.2 mM and kcat 290 ± 12 s−1. Alternan generated by LcALT (Lc-alternan) harbours partially alternating α-1,6 and α- 1,3 glycosidic linkages confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and partial hydrolysis of Lc-alternan products. In contrast to previously reported alternans, Lc-alternan can undergo self-assembly, forming nanoparticles with an average size of 90 nm in solution. At concentrations above 15% (w/v), Lc-alternan nanoparticles disassemble and form a high viscosity solution, while this polymer forms a transparent film once dried.
Broad distribution spectrum from Gaussian to power law appears in stochastic variations in RNA-seq data
Authors: Awazu Akinori , Tanabe Takahiro , Kamitani Mari , Tezuka Ayumi , Nagano Atsushi J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGene expression levels exhibit stochastic variations among genetically identical organisms under the same environmental conditions. In many recent transcriptome analyses based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), variations in gene expression levels among replicates were assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution, although the physiological basis of this assumption remains unclear. In this study, RNA-seq data were obtained from Arabidopsis thaliana under eight conditions (21–27 replicates), and the characteristics of gene-dependent empirical probability density function (ePDF) profiles of gene expression levels were analyzed. For A. thaliana and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, various types of ePDF of gene expression levels were obtained that were classified as Gaussian, power law-like containing a long tail, or intermediate. These ePDF profiles were well fitted with a Gauss-power mixing distribution function derived from a simple model of a stochastic transcriptional network containing a feedback loop. The fitting function suggested that gene expression levels with long-tailed ePDFs would be strongly influenced by feedback regulation. Furthermore, the features of gene expression levels are correlated with their functions, with the levels of essential genes tending to follow a Gaussian-like ePDF while those of genes encoding nucleic acid-binding proteins and transcription factors exhibit long-tailed ePDF.
FHC, an NS4B-interacting Protein, Enhances Classical Swine Fever Virus Propagation and Acts Positively in Viral Anti-apoptosis
Authors: Qian Gui , Lv Huifang , Lin Jihui , Li Xiaomeng , Lv Qizhuang , Wang Tao , Zhang Jing , Dong Wang , Guo Kangkang , Zhang Yanming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractClassical swine fever virus (CSFV), the etiological agent of classical swine fever, causes enormous economic loss to the pig industry. Ferritin heavy chain (FHC) is a notable anti-apoptotic protein, and existing evidence suggests that CSFV cannot induce apoptosis of host cells, however, the role of FHC in CSFV replication remains unclear. In the present study, we found that recombinant lentivirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of FHC inhibited or enhanced CSFV replication, respectively, indicating a positive role for FHC in CSFV proliferation. Furthermore, interaction between the CSFV NS4B protein and FHC was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and confocal imaging assays. In addition, both CSFV replication and NS4B expression upregulated expression of FHC, which counteracts apoptosis by modulating cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that FHC, an NS4B-interacting protein, enhances CSFV replication and has a positive role in viral anti-apoptosis by regulating ROS accumulation. This work may provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of CSFV pathogenesis.
Acquisition of resistance to carbapenem and macrolide-mediated quorum sensing inhibition by Pseudomonas aeruginosa via ICETn43716385
Authors: Ding Yichen , Teo Jeanette W. P. , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Schuster Stephan C. , Givskov Michael , Yang Liang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. The first-line agents to treat P. aeruginosa infections are carbapenems. However, the emergence of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains greatly compromised the effectiveness of carbapenem treatment, which makes the surveillance on their spreading and transmission important. Here we characterized the full-length genomes of two carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates that are capable of producing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). We show that blaNDM-1 is carried by a novel integrative and conjugative element (ICE) ICETn43716385, which also carries the macrolide resistance gene msr(E) and the florfenicol resistance gene floR. By exogenously expressing msr(E) in P. aeruginosa laboratory strains, we show that Msr(E) can abolish azithromycin-mediated quorum sensing inhibition in vitro and anti-Pseudomonas effect in vivo. We conclude that ICEs are important in transmitting carbapenem resistance, and that anti-virulence treatment of P. aeruginosa infections using sub-inhibitory concentrations of macrolides can be challenged by horizontal gene transfer.
Wer soll den älteren Dialysepatienten behandeln?
Authors: Brunkhorst Reinhard 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungÄltere Patienten, auch Dialysepatienten, werden im Krankenhaus zunehmend in Abteilungen für Akutgeriatrie behandelt. Der Schwerpunkt akutgeriatrischer Behandlung
chronisch kranker, über 70-jähriger, multimorbider Patienten liegt auf Maßnahmen der physikalischen Therapie (v. a. Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie) mit dem Ziel,
die Patienten wieder in ihr soziales Umfeld einzugliedern. Viele Dialysepatienten erfüllen die Kriterien für eine solche sog. akutgeriatrische
Komplexbehandlung, die den Krankenhäusern hohe Erlöse ermöglicht. Dialysepatienten benötigen jedoch häufig kurzfristig spezielle medizinische Maßnahmen, die am
ehesten von einem erfahrenen Nephrologen erkannt und behandelt werden können. Es besteht die Gefahr, das schwerkranke Dialysepatienten mit akuten Erkrankungen,
die einer raschen akutmedizinischen Therapie durch Spezialisten bedürfen (Infektionen, Koronarerkrankungen, periphere Gefäßerkrankungen u.v. a.), durch eine in
erster Linie geriatrische Behandlungsführung Schaden nehmen.
Gemeinsam gegen die Angst
Authors: Mattenklotz Joergen 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungWas ist Angst, wie äußert sie sich und welche Begleitung brauchen Menschen mit einer Angststörung in der pflegerischen Praxis? Diese Fragen beleuchtet unser
Autor und gibt praktische Tipps, wie Pflegende den Angstkreislauf bei Patienten durchbrechen können.
Verwahrt, abtransportiert und getötet
Authors: Sedetzki Maria , Rungg Christine , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Auseinandersetzung mit der Vergangenheit hilft oft, um die Gegenwart zu verstehen und zukünftige Entwicklungen besser einschätzen zu können. Deshalb beschäftigen wir uns in dieser und der nächsten Ausgabe mit dem vermutlich dunkelsten Kapitel der Psychiatriegeschichte: der Verwahrung und Tötung psychisch kranker Menschen im Nationalsozialismus. Im ersten Teil schildern wir die menschenunwürdige Behandlung am Beispiel der Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Hall in Tirol.
Der große Durchbruch der Eigensinnigkeit?
Authors: Kuntz Anja 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungSeit ein paar Jahren taucht ein scheinbar neuer Begriff am Psychiatriehimmel auf: Peer-Arbeit. Das heißt, Kranke behandeln Kranke – und was machen die professionell Tätigen, auch Fachpersonen genannt? Klar, die dürfen natürlich auch weiterhin behandeln. Aber wo liegen die Unterschiede? Entwickelt sich hier eine neue Art der Zusammenarbeit und gemeinsamen Behandlung – oder machen wir das nicht eh schon immer so?
Darüber lacht man doch nicht, oder?
Authors: Schlich Melanie 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungWie passen Humor und Suizidalität zusammen? Auf den ersten Blick gar nicht, lautet die vorherrschende Meinung. Unsere Autorin nähert sich diesem vermeintlichen Tabubruch unter einem anderen Blickwinkel und plädiert dafür, mehr Humor in den psychiatrischen Pflegealltag zu integrieren.
Neuer Stellenwert des PFO-Verschlusses in der klinischen Praxis
Authors: Ziemann Ulf 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungWas tun bei Patienten mit kryptogenem Schlaganfall und persistierendem Foramen Ovale (PFO)? Nach bisheriger Datenlagen wurden durch die neurologischen und kardiologischen Leitlinien in aller Regel eine sekundärprophylaktische Therapie mit einem Thrombozytenfunktionshemmer empfohlen. Drei im September 2017 im New England Journal of Medicine publizierte Studien (CLOSE, REDUCE, RESPECT-Langzeitdaten) verändern die Datenlage: hiernach ist der PFO-Verschluss gegenüber einer rein medikamentösen thrombozytenfunktionshemmenden Therapie sekundärprophylaktisch besser wirksam, allerdings nur bei ausgewählten Patienten. In diesem Beitrag werden die neuen Studien und ihre Wertigkeit inklusive zahlreicher offener Fragen kritisch besprochen.
Kognitive Störungen nach OP und Anästhesie
Authors: Saller Thomas , von Dossow Vera , Zwißler Bernhard 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungKognitive Störungen kommen im perioperativen Ablauf häufig vor. Delirante Symptome sind insbesondere bei älteren Patienten häufig und können im Verlauf zu
schweren kognitiven Einschränkungen führen, die auch unabhängig von einem Delir auftreten. Man spricht von Postoperativer Kognitiver Dysfunktion (POCD). Der
Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Risikofaktoren und beschreibt perioperative Strategien für Risikostratifizierung, Früherkennung und Prophylaxe kognitiver
Störungen. Ein besonderes Augenmerk liegt dabei auf der ständig zunehmenden Gruppe älterer Menschen.
Discrepancies Between Nomenclature and Indications of Psychotropics
Authors: Minami Fusaka , Zohar Joseph , Suzuki Takefumi , Koizumi Teruki , Mimura Masaru , Yagi Gohei , Uchida Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction While the current nomenclature of psychotropic drugs is disease-based, their approved indications do not always match their classifications.
Methods Information on approved indications of “second-generation antipsychotics” and “newer antidepressants” that are available in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, and Japan were extracted from their packet inserts.
Results A significant proportion of “atypical antipsychotics” were approved for psychiatric conditions other than psychotic disorders (i. e., bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and autistic disorder) as follows: 76.9% in the US, 66.7% in the UK, 66.7% in France, 60.0% in Germany, and 44.4% in Japan. Likewise, more than half of “newer antidepressants” had approved indications for psychiatric conditions other than depression (e. g., panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, general anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder): 56.3% in the US, 69.2% in the UK, 69.2% in France, 50.0% in Germany, and 62.5% in Japan.
Conclusions Our results raise concerns regarding generic terminologies of “antipsychotics” and “antidepressants” since the conventional indication-based nomenclature does not fit well with the official indication.
Effectiveness of a Crocus sativus Extract on Burn Wounds in Rats
Authors: Alemzadeh Esmat , Oryan Ahmad 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Crocus sativus is a spice with various pharmacological properties. Crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal are the main compositions of saffron that have recently been considered in the therapy of many diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed presence of these compounds in our saffron extract. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of saffron on burn wound healing at an in vivo model. Saffron was topically applied on burn wounds in rats; the percentage of wound closure, wound contraction, and the levels of main cytokines and growth factors were measured. The saffron extract was also applied to evaluate the proliferation and migration of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells using in vitro scratch assay and resulted in active proliferation and migration of the HDF cells in a dose-dependent manner. A clear enhanced healing was observed in the saffron-treated wounds compared to the silver sulfadiazine and negative control groups. Decreased expression of interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) during the inflammatory phase demonstrated the role of saffron in promoting wound healing. In addition, enhanced TGF-β1 expression during the proliferative phase and basic fibroblast growth factor during the remodeling phase represented regenerative and anti-scarring role of saffron, respectively. Our histological and biochemical findings also confirmed that saffron significantly stimulated burn wound healing by modulating healing phases. Therefore, saffron can be an optimal option in promoting skin repair and regeneration. Application of this herbal medicinal drug should be encouraged because of its availability and negligible side effects.
Myositis and Fasciitis: Role of Imaging
Authors: Miller Theodore , Endo Yoshimi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients presenting with possible myositis, with magnetic resonance imaging the most appropriate modality but ultrasound also playing a complementary role. This article reviews the imaging appearance of the inflammatory myopathies, other forms of myositis, and mimickers of myositis, with a discussion of distinguishing features for each entity. The fascia and disease processes that preferentially involve the fascia are also reviewed.
Global Neurology: Navigating Career Possibilities
Authors: Saylor Deanna , Zunt Joseph , Schiess Nicoline 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeurology has not typically been associated with international relief work; however, with the growth of chronic cardiovascular disease and stroke associated with unhealthy eating and sedentary ways, the appearance of “new” neurologic diseases, such as the Zika and West Nile viruses, and the high numbers of seizure disorders resulting from neuroinfectious diseases, more opportunities are arising for international and globally oriented neurologists. Multiple opportunities exist for developing a global clinician–educator career pathway, including private institutions, nongovernmental organizations, government-funded opportunities such as Medical Education Partnership Initiative, Fogarty and Fulbright Scholarships, and the American Academy of Neurology's Global Health Section. Furthermore, increasing research capacity in developing countries and increased funding opportunities for global health research have led to new opportunities for neurologists to establish global health research careers. These opportunities could not have come at a better time, as many faculty members have noted a particularly strong interest in global neurology from medical students and residents. Career categories and opportunities for neurologists desiring to work globally are discussed along with the emerging “global neurologist” academic pathway.
Magnetic Compression Anastomosis in Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia Gross Type A: A Case Report
Authors: Ellebaek Mark , Qvist Niels , Rasmussen Lars 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEsophageal atresia (EA) Gross type A (long-gap without tracheoesophageal fistula) is a rare and a surgical challenging form of EA that constitutes ∼6% of the children born with EA. We present the seventh reported case with successful esophagoesophagostomy obtained by magnetic compression of a long-gap EA type A without thoracotomy.
Open Replacement of the Thoracoabdominal Aorta: Short- and Long-term Outcomes at a Single Institution
Authors: Carino Davide , Erben Young , Zafar Mohammad , Singh Mrinal , Brownstein Adam , Tranquilli Maryann , Rizzo John , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John 
Published: May 2018

Background Despite much progress in the surgical and endovascular treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic diseases (TAADs), there is no consensus regarding the optimal approach to minimize operative mortality and end-organ dysfunction. We report our experience in the past 16 years treating TAAD by open surgery.
Methods A retrospective review of all TAAD patients who underwent an open repair since January 2000 was performed. The primary endpoints included early morbidity and mortality, and the secondary endpoints were overall death and rate of aortic reintervention.
Results There were 112 patients treated by open surgery for TAAD. Mean age was 66 ± 10 years and 61 (54%) were male. Seventy-seven (69%) patients had aneurysmal degeneration without aortic dissection and the remaining 35 (31%) had a concomitant aortic dissection. There were 12 deaths (10.7%) and they were equally distributed between the aneurysm and dissection groups (p = 0.8). The mortality for elective surgery was 3.2% (2/61). The rate of permanent paraplegia and stroke were each 2.6% (3/112). The rate of cerebrovascular accident was significantly higher in the dissection group (8.5% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.05). The survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 80.6, 56.1, and 32.7%, respectively.
Conclusion Our data confirm that open replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta can be performed in expert centers quite safely. Different aortic pathologies (degenerative aneurysm vs. dissection) do not influence the short- and long-term outcomes. Open surgery should still be considered the standard in the management of TAAD.
Management of Isolated Capitate Nonunion: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Jethanandani Rishabh , Rancy Schneider , Corpus Keith , Yao Jeffrey , Wolfe Scott 
Published: May 2018

Background Isolated capitate nonunion is rare. No consensus on the appropriate treatment for this condition exists.
Case Description We reported two cases of capitate fracture nonunion presenting several months after untreated high-impact wrist trauma. Treatment was delayed as both patients' nonunions were missed on conventional radiographs. Both were ultimately diagnosed with advanced imaging and successfully treated with internal fixation and autogenous bone grafting. The relevant literature pertaining to capitate nonunion was reviewed.
Literature Review Immobilization and internal fixation with bone grafting for capitate nonunion have been described in the literature. Loss of vascular supply and progression to avascular necrosis is a concern after capitate nonunion.
Clinical Relevance We present two cases and review the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of this rare injury to guide management. Internal fixation with autogenous bone grafting could play a role in management for this rare condition.