bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of uncertainty in climate‐change vulnerability assessments
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Kujala Heini , Bland Lucie M. , Burgman Mark , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe trait‐based vulnerability assessment (TVA) uses Boolean rules to assess species sensitivity, adaptive capacity and exposure to climate change to identify those that are climate‐change vulnerable. The protocol is being increasingly used to assess climate‐change impacts to a diversity of taxa, as it requires fewer data compared to niche and mechanistic models. However, uncertainty in TVA results remains unevaluated. We present the first quantitative investigation of the impacts of uncertainty on TVA, using global freshwater crayfish (574 species) as a representative data‐poor taxon.LocationGlobal.MethodsTo assess uncertainty in trait selection, we measured the completeness of information for each trait and how these contributed to the number of vulnerable species. To explore the sensitivity of TVA outcomes to arbitrary threshold selection, we randomly scored 25% species as high for quantitative traits and compared the results to the standard TVA. To investigate uncertainty in climate model selections, we tested the TVA using 66 alternative global climate scenarios.ResultsGiven the structural rules used in TVA, as more traits are included in the protocol, more species are identified as vulnerable to climate change. Some traits also have more dominant contributions. Species vulnerability was relatively robust to arbitrary thresholds in quantitative trait variables. The number (79–156) and identity of vulnerable species varied depending on which climate scenario was selected. Ensemble means of climate models identified fewer vulnerable species, potentially softening the extremes of individual climate models.Main conclusionsAssessors applying TVA across taxa and geographical scales should use ecological thresholds for quantitative traits, where possible; most importantly perform sensitivity analyses, including (a) critically assessing assumptions and correlations underpinning the selection of traits in different dimensions; and (b) capturing variability among climate‐change models. Further research is required to fill data gaps that improve the robustness of TVA.
How do Chinese universities address research integrity and misconduct? A review of university documents
Authors: Yi Nannan , Nemery Benoit , Dierickx Kris 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundScientific researchers are expected to follow the professional norms in their own domain. With a growing number of scientific publications retracted and research misconduct cases revealed in recent years, Chinese biomedical research integrity is questioned. As institutions educating and training future researchers, universities and the guidance they provide are important for the research quality and integrity of the country. Therefore, through a review of the guidance and policy documents on research integrity in Chinese universities, this work aims to investigate how the professional norms are specified in these documents.MethodsAfter a stratified sampling, 53 universities were selected. Their guidance and policy documents on research integrity were collected via a web search of their official websites. The search was confirmed by these universities. Then the content of all the collected documents were analyzed using inductive content analysis.Results118 active university documents were collected and analyzed. Most of the Chinese universities we investigated had their own guidance or policy on research integrity. They listed principles or examples of desired and undesired academic practices, investigation procedures and punishments of academic misconduct, and put forward measures to promote research integrity. Differences on specific practices and principles were observed between university groups and with European university documents.ConclusionDespite the discrepancy they have, all these documents were designed to promote research integrity and cultivate a good research environment in Chinese biomedical domain. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement, for example, through more consultation of international guidance.
Non‐pollinating cheater wasps benefit from seasonally poor performance of the mutualistic pollinating wasps at the northern limit of the range of Ficus microcarpa
Authors: Zhang Ting , Miao Bai‐Ge , Wang Bo , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Darwell Clive T. 
Published: May 2019

1. Species interactions in tightly bound ecological mutualisms often feature highly specialised species' roles in which competitive exclusion may preclude multi‐species coexistence. Among the 800 fig (Ficus) species, it was originally considered that each was pollinated by their own wasp (Agaonidae). However, recent investigations show that this ‘one‐to‐one’ rule often breaks down, as fig species regularly host multiple agaonids but in ways suggesting that competitive processes still mediate biodiversity outcomes.2. A phenological survey was conducted of the fig–fig wasp pair, Ficus microcarpa and its associated pollinating wasp, alongside its sister species, the cheating wasp, in Xishuangbanna, China.3. Reproductive output underwent extreme seasonal variation. Seed and pollinator production fell markedly during cooler, drier months, although high levels of fig production continued. However, this resource was predominantly utilised by the cheater species, which offers no pollination services. Pollinators and cheaters rarely co‐occur, suggesting that temporal coexistence is constrained by competition for access to figs.4. The overall findings indicate periodic rearrangements of mutualism dynamics, probably resulting from a strongly seasonal environment. Sympatric co‐occurrence may result from a window of opportunity for a functionally divergent agaonid, potentially due to constraints on the main pollinator in adapting to variable year‐round conditions that prevent competitive exclusion.
Cybersecurity breaches and cash holdings: Spillover effect
Authors: Garg Priya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper shows that firms significantly increase cash holdings after they have experienced a cybersecurity attack, and this behavior persists for years. A cyberattack increases cash holdings from a base level of 23% of assets to 26.87%. Similar firms, defined by industry and geographical proximity also increase their cash holdings. Suppliers of attacked firms are also affected. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the detrimental effects of a cybersecurity breach are not isolated to the attacked firms, and peer firms are quick to follow in taking precaution.
Fatty acids differentiate consumers despite variation within prey fatty acid profiles
Authors: Happel Austin , Maier Christopher , Farese Nicholas , Czesny Sergiusz , Rinchard Jacques 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Techniques that biochemically trace foraging habits of predators rely on the assumption that intra‐specific variation in prey species is smaller than variation among them. At the same time, these techniques often show that diets can induce drastic changes in the biochemical profiles of prey species, especially across different ecosystems.

We tested if intra‐specific variation in fatty acid profiles of prey species added enough noise to confound quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA) using a controlled feeding experiment.

Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed either alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) or round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from either Lake Ontario or Cayuga Lake for a period of 8 weeks.

Fatty acid profiles were significantly different between prey species and between lake of origin within each species. Differences in fatty acid profiles of steelhead trout strongly reflected prey species differences, whereas differences related to prey origin (lakes) were noted at a much lesser extent. QFASA performed remarkably well given the differences observed between the lakes prey originated from.

Our results indicate that QFASA models for steelhead trout are probably not specific to one lake, and could provide estimates for other freshwater systems where alewife and round goby serve as the primary forage.
Characterization of the exoskeleton of the Antarctic king crab Paralomis birsteini
Authors: Steffel Brittan V. , Smith Kathryn E. , Dickinson Gary H. , Flannery Jennifer A. , Baran Kerstin A. , Rosen Miranda N. , McClintock James B. , Aronson Richard B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOcean acidification is projected to inhibit the biogenic production of calcium carbonate skeletons in marine organisms. Antarctic waters represent a natural environment in which to examine the long‐term effects of carbonate undersaturation on calcification in marine predators. King crabs (Decapoda: Anomura: Lithodidae), which currently inhabit the undersaturated environment of the continental slope off Antarctica, are potential invasives on the Antarctic shelf as oceanic temperatures rise. Here, we describe the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton of the deep‐water Antarctic lithodid Paralomis birsteini and compare our measurements with two decapod species from shallow water at lower latitudes, Callinectes sapidus (Brachyura: Portunidae) and Cancer borealis (Brachyura: Cancridae). In Paralomis birsteini, crabs deposit proportionally more calcium carbonate in their predatory chelae than their protective carapaces, compared with the other two crab species. When exoskeleton thickness and microhardness were compared between the chelae and carapace, the magnitude of the difference between these body regions was significantly greater in P. birsteini than in the other species tested. Hence, there appeared to be a greater disparity in P. birsteini in overall investment in calcium carbonate structures among regions of the exoskeleton. The imperatives of prey consumption and predator avoidance may be influencing the deposition of calcium to different parts of the exoskeleton in lithodids living in an environment undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate.
Daily growth increments in otoliths of wild‐caught honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens
Authors: Kikko Takeshi , Ishizaki Daisuke , Yodo Taiga , Aino Shizuo , Kuwamura Kunihiko , Okamoto Haruo , Nemoto Morihito , Yoneda Kazuki , Oue Nobuyuki , Sakai Akihisa , Fujioka Yasuhiro , Kai Yoshiaki , Sato Takuya , Nakayama Kouji 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOtolith growth increments in wild‐caught alizarin complex one (ALC)‐marked honmoroko Gnathopogon caerulescens were examined to verify the veracity of the age determination method in cyprinids. ALC‐marked G. caerulescens recaptured from their natural environment had lapilli increment counts outside the ALC ring mark that had formed on a daily basis during the juvenile stage. This apparently being the first direct evidence of daily periodicity of otolith increment formation in wild‐caught cyprinids.
Secondary dentition characteristics in an ethnic Chinese orthodontic population: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Chan Grace X. L. , Tan Elaine L. Y. , Chew Ming T. , Wong Hung C. , Foong Kelvin W. C. , Yow Mimi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence of dental anomalies and its association with gender.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted using radiographs, photographs and clinical records of patients who attended the Department of Orthodontics at the National Dental Centre Singapore. Records of 2508 ethnic Chinese orthodontic patients aged 14‐25 years were examined for the prevalence of dental anomalies in the permanent dentition, excluding third molars. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc.). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between gender and the occurrence of various dental anomalies. Kappa coefficients were calculated to test for intra‐examiner reproducibility. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsPrevalence of dental anomalies was 5.7% hyperdontia, 11.1% hypodontia, 5.5% peg‐shaped upper lateral incisors, 21.9% impacted teeth, 1.3% transposition and 0.4% double teeth. There was no significant gender difference in the occurrence of the anomalies except hyperdontia, with males having significantly higher odds of hyperdontia compared with females (odds ratio, 1.488; 95% confidence interval, 1.062‐2.085; P = 0.021).ConclusionOccurrence of hyperdontia is greater in males than females, while no significant gender differences were noted for hypodontia, peg‐shaped upper lateral incisors, impacted teeth, transposition and double teeth.
Parents' reasons for not attending parental education groups in antenatal and child health care: A qualitative study
Authors: Forslund Frykedal Karin , Barimani Mia , Rosander Michael , Berlin Anita 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore expectant and new parents' reasons not to participate in parental education (PE) groups in antenatal care or child health care.BackgroundIn Sweden, expectant and new parents are offered PE groups in antenatal care and in child health care. Although many parents feel unprepared for parenthood, an urgent task is to attract parents to attend the PE groups.DesignA total of 915 parents with children aged 0 to 21 months answered a web questionnaire with open questions about (a) reasons not to participate; (b) anything that could change their mind; and (c) parenting support instead of PE groups. This was analysed using content analysis. The study follows the SRQR guidelines.ResultsParents expressed private reasons for not attending PE groups. Some parents also asked for more heterogeneity regarding content and methods, as well as accommodation of parents' different interests. Other parents asked for like‐minded individuals who were in similar situation to themselves. Lack of information or invitations from antenatal care or child health care, or that PE groups were unavailable, were additional reasons for not participating in groups.ConclusionsReasons for not attending PE groups were multifaceted from personal, self‐interested and norm‐critical reasons, to that the groups were not available or that the parents were not aware of their existence.Relevance to clinical practiceParents of today are a diverse group with different interests and needs. Nevertheless, all parents need to feel included in a way that makes participation in PE groups relevant for them. Thus, it is important for leaders to be aware of structures and norms, and to be able to create a group climate and a pedagogy of acceptance where group members value each other's differences. However, to attract parents to participate in PE groups, it is necessary for clinical practice to work on individual, group and organisational levels.
Nursing care and management of patients’ sleep during hospitalisation: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gellerstedt Linda , Medin Jörgen , Kumlin Maria , Rydell Karlsson Monica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo explore and describe how patients’ sleep is addressed at acute‐care hospitals in Sweden with regard to nursing care, management and the development of knowledge in this area.BackgroundSleep is a basic human need and thus important for health and health maintenance. Patients describe sleeping in hospital as a stressor, and research shows that nurses tend to underestimate patients’ perceived problems with sleep during hospitalisation. How do nursing staff at acute hospitals address patients’ sleep and the development of knowledge in this area?Design/MethodA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted based on data collected through a web survey. Head nurses, registered nurses, nursing care developers and local training supervisors at 36 randomised acute‐care hospitals in Sweden were invited to participate. This study was executed and reported in accordance with SQUIRE 2.0.ResultsThe results of the survey (53 responses from 19 wards at 15 acute‐care hospitals) showed that no policy documents exist and no current training addresses sleep during hospital stay. All participants agreed that sleep should be considered a nursing topic and that it is important for hospitalised patients.ConclusionPatients’ sleep during hospitalisation is undermanaged at acute‐care hospitals. Nurses, health care managers and organisations face challenges if they are to achieve better outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study shows that nurses do consider patients’ sleep important and addressing sleep as part of nursing care. Future studies in the area should focus on what kinds of support and education are needed in the clinical context.
Application of two sensory methods to investigate the impact of heating on the flavor perception of a French blue cheese
Authors: Bord Cécile , Guerinon Delphine , Lebecque Annick 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were (a) to characterize the flavor properties of raw and heated cheeses using two methods: temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and descriptive analysis (DA) in order to explore the impact of heating on the taste of blue cheeses, and (b) to investigate the relative benefits of using these two methods. Twelve blue cheeses, raw (unheated) and heated (melted) at three different ripening times (35, 56, and 72 days) were evaluated by a trained panel using the TDS and DA methods. Although a small number of sensory attributes were used, the two methods conducted in parallel highlighted significant differences between cheese types. Different taste profiles were observed for the cheeses but heating modified only the perception of bitterness. Bitterness decreases after heating irrespective of the types of cheese with the DA method. On the other hand, the analysis of the TDS curves showed complex changes over time, and some subtle differences among the types of cheese were identified. The dominance of bitterness disappeared after heating for some cheeses except for 35‐day old cheeses. Overall, the combination of these two methods provides a more complete profile of the behavior of flavors, both in terms of intensity and dominance and in their evolution during the tasting.Practical ApplicationsThe use of these two methods (temporal dominance of sensations and descriptive analysis) on raw and heated cheeses at different ripening times permitted the identification of flavor profiles for these cheeses while providing additional information on the behavior of cheese taste over time. In this study, the effect of heating was also measured. Despite the differences in intensity of taste observed between the types of raw cheeses, cheeses have a similar taste profile after heating, except for the bitter taste which is significantly lower after heating irrespective of the types of cheese. These first results can be of interest to the dairy industry, allowing protected designation of origin cheeses to be promoted as ingredient cheeses in hot culinary preparations, while differentiating themselves through their gustatory richness.
Histone deacetylase 9 downregulation decreases tumor growth and promotes apoptosis in non‐small cell lung cancer after melatonin treatment
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Liu Dong , Di Shouyin , Zhang Zhipei , Li Weimiao , Zhang Jiao , Xu Liqun , Guo Kai , Zhu Yifang , Li Xiaofei , Han Jing , Yan Xiaolong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistone deacetylase 9 functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers, but its role on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. Melatonin was proven to possess anticancer actions, whereas its effect on NSCLC and underlying mechanisms remains poorly understood. In this study, 337 patients with complete clinicopathologic characteristics who underwent NSCLC surgery were recruited for the study. We found that NSCLC patients with high HDAC9 expression were correlated with worse overall survival and poor prognosis. HDAC9 knockdown significantly reduced NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin application also markedly inhibited cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Moreover, RNA‐seq, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analyses showed that melatonin treatment decreased the HDAC9 level in NSCLC cells. A mechanistic study revealed that HDAC9 knockdown further enhanced the anticancer activities of melatonin treatment, whereas HDAC9 overexpression partially reversed the melatonin's anticancer effects. Additionally, the in vivo study found melatonin exerted anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects on xenograft tumors which were also strengthened by HDAC9 knockdown. These results indicated that HDAC9 downregulation mediated the anti‐NSCLC actions of melatonin, and targeting HDAC9 may be the novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
Genetic and developmental disorders of the oral mucosa: Epidemiology; molecular mechanisms; diagnostic criteria; management
Authors: Pinna Roberto , Cocco Fabio , Campus Guglielmo , Conti Giulio , Milia Egle , Sardella Andrea , Cagetti Maria Grazia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA large number of disorders may affect the oral cavity, including genetic diseases, infections, cancers, blood diseases, skin diseases, endocrine and metabolic disorders, autoimmune and rheumatologic diseases, local lesions, to name a few. Oral mucosa shows a considerable variation in its normal structure and a wide range of conditions may affect it. Such conditions are often harmless or minor and could be primary or secondary to systemic disease. Several of them are quite rare and, hence, the diagnosis is not easy. Clinically, lesions may appear as ulcers, discoloration of the oral mucosa and alterations in size and configuration of oral anatomy. Genetic disorders have specific manifestations and can be caused by a derangement of one or more components of the tissue. Many of them follow the skin or systemic signs of the underlying genetic disease, but in a few cases oral signs could be the first manifestation of the disorder. Among them genodermatoses are prominent. They are inherited disorders characterized by a multisystem involvement. This review describes chondro‐ectodermal dysplasia, dyskeratosis congenita, Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, keratosis follicularis, lipoid proteinosis, multiple hamartoma syndrome, pachyonychia congenita, Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, tuberous sclerosis and white sponge nevus. Other genetic disorders not included in the genodermatosis group and reported in the present review are: acanthosis nigricans, angio‐osteo‐hypertrophic syndrome, encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, familial adenomatous polyposis, focal dermal hypoplasia, focal palmoplantar and oral mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome, gingival fibromatosis, Maffucci's syndrome, neurofibromatosis (type 1) and oro‐facial‐digital syndrome (type 1). Disorders during embryonic development might lead to a wide range of abnormalities in the oral cavity; some of them are quite common but of negligible concern, whereas others are rare but serious, affecting not only the oral mucosa, but also other structures of the oral cavity (ie palate, tongue and gingiva). Fordyce′s granules, leukoedema, cysts of the oral mucosa in newborns, retrocuspid papilla, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, hairy tongue, lingual varices and lingual thyroid nodule are described. This review may help dentists, dental hygienists, but also general internists and pediatricians to diagnose different disorders of the oral mucosa, to understand the pathogenesis and to schedule a treatment plan.