bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Enduring Path to System Success: Investment in Quality Early‐phase Systems Engineering
Authors: Cook Stephen C , Wilson Shaun A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSystem stakeholders responsible for defining, delivering, and commissioning engineered systems often work in resource‐constrained environments. This means that it is not always possible to apply systems engineering processes as comprehensively as practitioners would like. The question then becomes where and when best to allocate systems engineering resources to maximize project success. A review paper that analyzed lessons learned twenty years ago highlighted inadequate early‐phase systems engineering effort as a major cause of project issues. This paper opens with a discussion of this review material and progresses to review contemporary materials. The conclusion drawn is that the quality of early‐phase systems engineering is as vital as ever to project success and that the recommended levels of expenditure on SE are unchanged. The newer work, however, provides us with important new information: guidance on the sorts of activities that provide the greatest payoff in the early stages of the lifecycle and what proportion of the SE budget should be allocated to each major area of activity. The foremost areas to resource are mission definition and project scoping, with systems architecting, technical analysis, and system design also featuring prominently. Requirements also features but not in terms of volume of effort rather in terms of the need to use good systems engineering and analysis to translate the high‐level originating needs (that rarely change) into the detailed technical requirements. Model‐based approaches are claimed to much better support early‐stage SE than older, document‐based approaches.
The Drone System II: Availability Performance Analysis and Modeling
Authors: MacCarthy John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper is the second of two papers that together provide an example of how to use the systems engineering processes outlined in the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook and ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015 to develop a SysML system architecture from a user's statement of need and then to develop a mathematical system model for system reliability, availability, and maintainability that may be used to perform system design and cost‐effectiveness trade‐off analyses. This paper focuses on the development of an analytic Markov model that may be used to determine the operational availability that results from alternative designs for the drone system described in the first paper and the use of this model to perform a design performance analysis and a design trade‐off analysis. It also compares the results of this analytic stochastic model to a simple deterministic model.
Comparing Implications of ‘Robustness’ and ‘Optimality’ for Decision Support under Uncertainty
Authors: Moallemi Enayat A. , Turan Hasan H. , Elsawah Sondoss , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConventional simulation‐optimisation approach in decision support under uncertainty aims to find optimal decisions which can meet decision objective(s) under reference scenarios with well‐characterised uncertainty. However, futures often emerge with unexpected circumstances which cannot be predicted in our pre‐specified reference scenarios, and their uncertainty cannot be fully characterised a priori. This article uses robust optimisation based on simulation models as an alternative approach to address such uncertainties of decision support. To show how the two approaches work and how better robust optimisation can be, we formulate a fleet mix problem under uncertainty and implement it in two experiments to compare the results. We conclude that robust optimisation could lead to decisions with probably lower performance than conventional optimisation at imagined future scenarios. However, the advantage of robust optimisation is that the results have better performance in overall and are more reliable over a wide variety of scenarios in the future.
Framework for Improving Complex System Performance
Authors: Keating Charles B. , Katina Polinpapilinho F. , Jaradat Ra'ed , Bradley Joseph M. , Hodge Richard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces a framework for improvement of complex system performance. Complex systems are besieged with conditions marked by increasing uncertainty, emergence, and ambiguity. Additionally, demands for increased productivity, resource efficiencies, and performance improvement make new approaches paramount for modern systems engineers. In response, a framework to improve complex system performance is developed. Following an introduction, the paper pursues four objectives: (1) introduction of Complex System Governance (CSG) as a foundation to describe essential system functions, (2) suggest system ‘pathologies’ as an explanation for deep system performance issues, (3) exploration of system performance improvement as a function of ‘requisite variety’ to compensate for deep system issues, and (4) introduce a framework for complex system performance improvement using system pathologies as ‘unab‐sorbed variety’. The paper closes with some challenges for further development of the framework for deployment and application guidance for practitioners.
Does the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation after tooth extraction affect the incidence of gingival cleft development? A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Neuner Hemma , Meran Antonia , Bertl Michael H. , Reich Ilse , Nemec Michael , Bruckmann Corinna , Stavropoulos Andreas , Bantleon Hans‐Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGingival clefts (GCs) develop frequently during orthodontic space closure and may compromise the treatment outcome. This study assessed whether the time‐point of orthodontic space closure initiation, after permanent tooth extraction, affects the incidence of GC.MethodsIn 25 patients requiring bilateral premolar extraction because of orthodontic reasons, one premolar, chosen at random, was extracted 8 weeks before space closure initiation (“delayed movement,” DM), whereas the contralateral premolar was extracted 1 week before (“early movement,” EM) (“treatment group”). Presence or absence of GC after 3 and 6 months (“time‐point”) was recorded and any association with various parameters (i.e., treatment group, time‐point, gender, jaw, craniofacial growth, gingival biotype, buccal bone dehiscence after extraction, space closure) was statistically assessed.ResultsTwenty‐one patients contributing with 26 jaws were finally included in the analysis. Overall, GCs were frequent after 3 (DM: 53.9%; EM: 69.2%) and 6 months (DM: 76.9%; EM: 88.5%). EM (P = 0.014) and larger space closure within the study period (P = 0.001) resulted in a significantly higher incidence of GC. Further, there was a tendency for GC development in the presence of buccal bone dehiscence (P = 0.052) and thin gingival biotype (P = 0.054). “Fast movers” (herein cases with a tooth movement ≥1 mm per month) developed a GC in >90% of the cases already after 3 months. “Slow movers” developed a GC in 25% and 70% after 3 months and final evaluation, respectively.ConclusionsGC development is a frequent finding during orthodontic space closure and seems to occur more frequently with early tooth movement initiation and in “fast movers.”
Effect of cattle slurry application techniques on N2O and NH3 emissions from a loamy soil
Authors: Herr Christina , Mannheim Thomas , Müller Torsten , Ruser Reiner 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe determined N2O fluxes from an unfertilized control (CON), from a treatment with mineral N‐fertilizer (MIN), from cattle slurry with banded surface application and subsequent incorporation (INC), and from slurry injection (INJ) to silage maize (Zea mays, L.) on a Haplic Luvisol in southwest Germany. In both years, amount of available N (total N fertilized + Nmin content before N application) was 210 kg N ha−1. In the slurry treatment of the 1st year, 140 kg N ha−1 were either injected or incorporated, whereas 30 kg N ha−1 were surface applied to avoid destruction of the maize plants. In the 2nd year, all fertilizers were applied with one single application. We calculated greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) on field level including direct N2O emissions (calculated from the measured flux rates), indirect N2O emissions (NH3 and induced N2O emission), net CH4 fluxes, fuel consumption and pre‐chain emissions from mineral fertilizer. NH3 losses were measured in the 2nd year using the Dräger‐Tube Method and estimated for both years. NH3 emission was highest in the treatment without incorporation. It generally contributed less than 5% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from silage maize cultivation. The mean area‐related N2O emission, determined with the closed chamber method was 2.8, 4.7, 4.4 and 13.8 kg N2O‐N ha−1 y−1 for CON, MIN, INC, and INJ, respectively. Yield‐related N2O emission showed the same trend. Across all treatments, direct N2O emission was the major contributor to GHG with an average of 79%. Trail hose application with immediate incorporation was found to be the optimum management practice for livestock farmers in our study region.
Kinetic study of CO2 absorption in aqueous solutions of 2‐((2‐aminoethyl)amino)‐ethanol using a stirred cell reaction calorimeter
Authors: Mukherjee Satyajit , Samanta Amar N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the literature, aqueous 2‐((2‐aminoethyl)amino) ethanol (AEEA) is identified as a promising solvent for postcombustion CO2 capture. In this work, the kinetics of CO2 absorption in the aqueous AEEA, containing a primary and a secondary amino group, is studied over a wide temperature range of 303.15‐343.15 K and the amine concentration in the range of 0.47‐2.89 M using the fall‐in‐pressure technique in a stirred cell reaction calorimeter setup with a horizontal gas‐liquid interface. The overall rate constants for (AEEA + H2O + CO2) reaction system are estimated in the pseudo–first‐order reaction regime. The kinetic models based on zwitterion and the termolecular reaction mechanisms are used to predict kinetic rate constants. The experimental kinetic data are better correlated using the zwitterion mechanism (AAD 9.18%) than that of the termolecular mechanism (AAD 10.4%). The density, viscosity, and physical solubility of pure components and aqueous binary mixtures of AEEA are also measured at the similar temperature and concentration ranges of rate kinetics. Empirical models are proposed to predict pure component density and viscosity data with AAD of 0.02% and 7.17%, respectively. The Redlich‐Kister model, the Grunberg‐Nissan model, and the O'Connell's model are used to correlate experimental density, viscosity, and physical solubility data of the binary mixtures with AAD of 0.034%, 4.92%, and 6.5%, respectively. The reaction activation energy (Ea ∼ 32 kJ/mol) of the (AEEA + H2O + CO2) system is calculated from the Arrhenius power‐law model using the zwitterion mechanism, which indicates lower energy barrier than that of the reported value for monoethanolamine (∼44 kJ/mol) in the literature.
CFIR simplified: Pragmatic application of and adaptations to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for evaluation of a patient‐centered care transformation within a learning health system
Authors: Safaeinili Nadia , Brown‐Johnson Cati , Shaw Jonathan G. , Mahoney Megan , Winget Marcy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is a commonly used implementation science framework to facilitate design, evaluation, and implementation of evidence‐based interventions. Its comprehensiveness is an asset for considering facilitators and barriers to implementation and also makes the framework cumbersome to use. We describe adaptations we made to CFIR to simplify its pragmatic application, for use in a learning health system context, in the evaluation of a complex patient‐centered care transformation.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study and structured our evaluation questions, data collection methods, analysis, and reporting around CFIR. We collected qualitative data via semi‐structured interviews and observations with key stakeholders throughout. We identified and documented adaptations to CFIR throughout the evaluation process.ResultsWe analyzed semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders (n = 23) from clinical observations (n = 5). We made three key adaptations to CFIR: (a) promoted “patient needs and resources,” a subconstruct of the outer setting, to its own domain within CFIR during data analysis; (b) divided the “inner setting” domain into three layers that account for the hierarchy of health care systems (i. pilot clinic, ii. peer clinics, and iii. overarching health care system); and (c) tailored several construct definitions to fit a patient‐centered, primary care setting. Analysis yielded qualitative findings concentrated in the CFIR domains “intervention characteristics” and “outer setting,” with a robust number of findings in the new domain “patient needs and resources.”ConclusionsTo make CFIR more accessible and relevant for wider use in the context of patient‐centered care transformations within a learning health system, a few adaptations are key. Specifically, we found success by teasing apart interactions across the inner layers of a health system, tailoring construct definitions, and placing additional focus on patient needs.
Exploring the Basic Concepts of HDR: Dynamic Range, Gamma Curves, and Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Sharma Abhay 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh dynamic range (HDR) offers a wealth of opportunities, in terms of immersion and innovation in storytelling and special effects. But what does it entail, exactly? Here, in the second of a two‐part series, we consider the concepts, tools, and specifications that are (and are not yet) in place to generate and broadcast visually compelling HDR content.
Implementation and evaluation of a primary diabetes prevention programme for young adult employees in Japan: A non‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nagamine Hitomi , Lyu Xiaowei , Maruyama Kayo , Morita Kumiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effects of a primary diabetes prevention programme created for healthy young adults.DesignThis study was a non‐randomized controlled trial.MethodsThe participants were 20–39‐year‐old employees of two automobile sales companies. The intervention group (N = 154) received six original educational brochures and films created specifically for young adults, while the control group (N = 157) received none. Data were collected pre‐intervention and immediately after and 10 weeks after intervention. Change in knowledge about diabetes, its prevention and health management were measured.ResultsOverall, 129 interventions and 141 controls completed the trial. In items related to diabetes prevention, the intervention group increased their knowledge relative to controls (all p < .05). Awareness of susceptibility to diabetes also increased more in the interventions (p = .029). The interventions also improved more with items related to dietary behaviour (p < .05). This trial has been registered with UMIN‐CTR clinical trial (UMIN000023749).
Teaching accelerated nursing students’ self‐care: A pilot project
Authors: Green Cheryl 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimA benchmark of 4 has been determined for the reduction of self‐reported stress by nursing students’ status post 5 weeks of holistic educational activities and interventions provided by a nurse educator.DesignProvision 5 in the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements emphasizes the duty of the nurse to not only promote the health and safety of others, but to self as well (ANA, 2015, Code of ethics with interpretive statements, Nursebooks.org). A self‐care for nurses’ pilot project was trialled with 25 accelerated nursing students over the course of 5 weeks. Holistic education programmes were facilitated by a nurse educator uninvolved in providing clinical or classroom education to the students.MethodsThe Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) guidelines are used in this pilot project as a framework to explore standardization of education of nursing students about self‐care in nursing programmes and to promote positive health behaviours and student nurses’ insight into how nurses’ self‐care can have an impact on patient outcomes. The self‐care pilot project introduced the importance of self‐care for the pre‐licensure nursing student by teaching healthy eating, physical exercise, the value of sleep, use of positive affirmations and aromatherapy to a cohort of accelerated nursing students over the course of 5 weeks. The Star Model of Knowledge Transformation was the theoretical framework for the pilot study. Two questionnaires were used by the principal investigator to obtain participant data, the Project Participant Questionnaire and the Final‐Year Group Questionnaire.ResultsOn completion of the self‐care for nurses’ pilot, the nursing students reported a reduction in stress and an increased ability to cope with stress after exposure to different holistic stress reduction strategies. An average benchmark of 4.36 was achieved indicating that the nursing students’ self‐care had improved status post the interactive teaching intervention.Self‐care taught to pre‐licensure nursing students by nurse educators can enhance their self‐awareness of the importance of stress reduction and care of themselves while enduring the academic rigour and simultaneous clinical practicum experiences in nursing programmes.Applying self‐care behaviours to reduction of stress for nursing students may be of benefit to of students as they transition from the pre‐licensure to graduate nurse roles. Hence, teaching health behaviours that are self‐protective and contribute to maintaining safe clinical environments for nurses and the patients in their care.
Biocompatible Lipid‐Coated Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for In Vivo Imaging of Dendritic Cell Migration
Authors: Harizaj Aranit , De Clercq Olivier Q. , Descamps Benedicte , Vanhove Christian , De Smedt Stefaan C. , Poelman Dirk , Lentacker Ine , Braeckmans Kevin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines for immunotherapy have already achieved promising results in the last decade. To further improve current treatment protocols and enhance the therapeutic outcome, noninvasive in vivo tracking of DCs remains of crucial importance. Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) are inorganic materials which show an afterglow for hours after the optical excitation has ceased. If the afterglow is in the near‐infrared, the emission of injected particles can be tracked in vivo. However, stability and toxicity issues limit the use of bare PLNPs for biological applications. Therefore, appropriate surface functionalization is needed to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, it is demonstrated that near‐infrared light emitting LiGa5O8:Cr3+ nanoparticles can be functionalized with a biocompatible lipid coating which provides them with outstanding stability in biological media. In vitro experiments show efficient uptake, absence of cytotoxicity even at very high particle concentrations, and no adverse effects on the maturation potential of DCs. DCs labeled with lipid‐coated LiGa5O8:Cr3+ nanoparticles injected in mice can be imaged over days, confirming efficient in vivo migration to the popliteal lymph node. Together the results show that lipid coated LiGa5O8:Cr3+ nanoparticles possess excellent possibilities for further use in research and development of DC based vaccines.
Analysis of dynamic characteristics of viscoelastic frame structures
Authors: Lewandowski Roman , Wielentejczyk Przemysław 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Planar frame structures made of a viscoelastic material are considered in the paper. The technically very important structures made of a homogenous material are contemplated. A family of rheological models (classic and fractional) are used to describe the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic material. In particular, the dynamic characteristics of the structures are of interest. A numerically very efficient method is proposed to determine such characteristics. The method requires the solution to the linear eigenvalue problem for corresponding elastic structures and the solution to a nonlinear, algebraic equation. The presented method is much more efficient than other methods where, very often, the continuation method is used to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue problem. The influence of temperature changes on dynamic characteristics is analyzed using the frequency–temperature principle. The results of several parametric analyses are presented and discussed. For the first time, the influence of temperature on the dynamic characteristics of beams has been studied in detail.
Professional burnout and its correlates in Polish donor transplant coordinators
Authors: Bury Marcin , Rozenek Hanna , Kamiński Artur , Czerwiński Jarosław , Wójtowicz Stanisław , Banasiewicz Jolanta , Owczarek Krzysztof 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Job demands-resources (JD-R) model of professional burnout states that job demands predict the feeling of exhaustion, and lack of job resources—disengagement from work. This research project investigated professional burnout and it correlates, including sex, death anxiety, and relationship status in 108 Polish donor transplant coordinators involved in organ, tissue, and cell transplantations. This study employed the Polish version of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory which follows the JD-R model, the Psychosocial Working Conditions Questionnaire—a Polish instrument based on the model of job stress proposed by Karasek—and the Polish version of the Fear of Death and Dying Questionnaire. The results were suggestive of average levels of job stress and burnout in the studied population, with men being more disengaged than women. Participants who were in relationship had significantly higher levels of exhaustion than those who were single. Exhaustion was positively correlated with years of working as a transplant coordinator but not with participants’ age. Multiple negative correlations were detected between exhaustion/disengagement and different aspects of job control, social support, and well-being. Moreover, positive correlations between different components of fear of death and dying and exhaustion were detected. Our findings, linking fear of death and dying with some aspects of professional burnout in transplant coordinators, suggest that a pre-employment screening for the level of death anxiety in candidates for transplant coordinators could be useful as this job provides chronic exposure to mortality cues.