bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐dose Herbicide Effects on Tree Establishment and Soil Nitrogen Biogeochemistry within Pine Savannas
Authors: McCaskill George L. , Jose Shibu , Ogram Andrew V. 
Published: April 2019

Core IdeasImazapyr‐treated pines were larger than pines applied with other herbicides.Imazapyr‐treated pines had better survival when the treatment is applied during the second season.Imazapyr soils produced higher ammonification rates compared to the control.Sulfometuron methyl‐treated pines were smaller than control plot trees.Sulfometuron methyl‐treated soils had lower ammonification rates and microbial biomass.Longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisP. Mill) survival and growth, net nitrogen mineralization, and soil microbial biomass, were evaluated after four growing seasons in a Florida wet flatwoods site following chemical vegetation control during the first year or second year after planting, or during both years. The four herbicide treatments included sulfometuron methyl at 0.26 ai kg ha−1, hexazinone (0.56 ai kg ha−1), sulfometuron (0.26 ai kg ha−1) plus hexazinone (0.56 ai kg ha−1) mix, and imazapyr at 0.21 ai kg ha−1. Imazapyr was the only treatment to significantly improve growth over the control in a single application. Consecutive annual applications of imazapyr and hexazinone on seedlings also improved growth rates compared to the control. Sulfometuron methyl‐treated pine trees had lower survival rates and were smaller than pines growing in the control plots after a single application. The survival and growth rates of imazapyr‐treated seedlings were improved when the chemical was applied during the second growing season after planting, instead of the first year. Imazapyr and hexazinone applications increased net nitrogen mineralization rates, but imazapyr was the only treatment to increase ammonification; compared to the control. Microbial and fungal biomass carbon showed no differences between treatments. The results did show that microbial biomass significantly increased with two consecutive years of herbicide applications over a single application. Imazapyr applied during the second growing season proved to be the best treatment for improving pine growth, controlling competitive vegetation, minimizing pine mortality, and to remain effective when soils are saturated.
A low-aluminum clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer for high-silica magmatic systems
Authors: Brugman Karalee K. , Till Christy B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Several geothermobarometric tools have focused on clinopyroxene due to its prevalence in igneous rocks, however clinopyroxene produced in high-silica igneous systems is high in iron and low in aluminum, causing existing geothermometers that depend on aluminum exchange to fail or yield overestimated temperatures. Here we present a new clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer recommended for use in natural igneous systems with bulk SiO2 ≥ 70 wt%, which contain clinopyroxene with Mg# ≤ 65 and Al2O3 ≤ 7 wt%.
(1) T ( ∘ C ) = 300 [ − 1.89 − 0.601 ( X CaTs Cpx ) − 0.186 ( X DiHd 2003 Cpx ) + 4.71 ( X SiO 2 liq ) + 77.6 ( X TiO 2 liq ) + 10.9 ( X FeO liq ) + 33.6 ( X MgO liq ) + 15.5 ( X CaO liq ) + 15.6 ( X KO 0.5 liq ) ]
The new geothermometer lowers calculated temperatures by ~85 °C on average relative to Putirka (2008, Eq. 33) and reduces the uncertainty by a factor of two (standard error of estimate ±20 °C). When applied to natural systems, we find this new clinopyroxene-liquid geothermometer reconciles many inconsistencies between experimental phase equilibria and preexisting geothermometry results for silicic volcanism, including those from the Bishop Tuff and Yellowstone caldera-forming and post-caldera rhyolites. We also demonstrate that clinopyroxene is not restricted to near-liquidus temperatures in rhyolitic systems; clinopyroxene can be stable over a broad temperature range, often down to the solidus. An Excel spreadsheet and Python notebook for calculating temperature with this new geothermometer may be downloaded from GitHub at http://bit.ly/cpxrhyotherm.
Investigating Benefits and Drawbacks of Employee Empowerment in the Sector of Hospitality
Authors: Turkmenoglu Mehmet Ali 
Published: April 2019

Employees’ empowerment has significantly close relationship with employees’ job-related outcomes such as job satisfaction, job performance and organisational commitment. This study aims to investigate the role of empowerment on employees’ job-related attitudes in hospitality sector. This present study provides a literature review on concept of empowerment by explaining benefits and drawbacks of the concept. This study identifies several advantages e.g. More input of ideas, growth of interpersonal and guidance skills. The drawbacks are negative use of the power received, high risk of failures without supervision, conflicts result in less supervision among others. The study demonstrates a frame of empowerment in hospitality sector along with recommendations and implications.
The Effect of Incentives and Non-Financial Performance on Managerial Performance
Authors: Malinda Okta , Dewi Fajar Gustiawaty , Gamayuni Rindu Rika 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence about the effect of incentives and non-financial performance on managerial performance at private universities in Lampung. This research was conducted at private universities in Lampung with its unit of analysis C-accredited study program which has 164 study programs, consisting of 68 study programs at the University, 1 study program at the Institute, 67 study programs at the Collages, 4 study programs at the Polytechnic and 24 study programs at the Academies. The data analysis method used is a quantitative method with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) model. The results of this study indicate that both of incentives and non-financial performance allowances have a significant positive effect on managerial performance. The implication of this research is that the incentive variable provides additional indicators not only limited to bonuses and rewards but also in the form of professional allowances & honor.
Efficiency of flood protection measures: selected examples
Authors: Kron Wolfgang , Müller Olaf 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The frequency of flood loss events is increasing, both regionally and globally, due to the rising population and subsequent development of flood-prone areas, and as a result of environmental and climatic changes. This observation is not universally true for the time series of the losses themselves, at least not in the past one or two decades. One explanation for this is the improvement in flood control and flood protection in certain countries, both for floods that originate in the sea (storm surges) and for inland floods. While the qualitative effect of protection measures – reducing losses – is undisputed, quantitative examples are rare. Performance, or efficiency, needs to be calculated by comparing the costs of investment and maintenance against the losses prevented after a measure was put in place. In this article, a quantitative analysis of the performance of flood control measures is presented for four cases: the storm surge protection of the city of Hamburg, the Mississippi River and Tributary project, the activities of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the Sylvenstein Reservoir in Bavaria. In each case, a significant benefit has been observed in the past decades, proving that flood protection pays off many times over.
Trends in Turnover Research on Korean Nurses: Based on 8 Journals Published by Member Societies under the Korean Academy of Nursing Science, 2006-2015
Authors: Geun Hyo Geun 
Published: April 2019

Purpose:This study was done to identify the current status of turnover research on Korean nurses and to suggest directions for future research.Methods:A total of 63 articles over the past 10 years were selected using key words such as turnover intention or turnover-related variables from several databases. Frequency and percent were used to describe the characteristics of the turnover studies.Results:Quantitative research accounted for 90.5% of the total studies, and 60.3% of the studies were published by the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration. Most studies focused on the turnover intention of general nurses (71.9%) working in general hospitals (54.4%). Lawler’s turnover intention tool was used in 28.1% of the studies with a relatively high score for Cronbach’s alpha (0.7≤ a in 98.2% studies). 50.9% of the studies used descriptive survey design, and stepwise or hierarchical regression was used for the final statistical methods in 49.1% of the studies. Among the studies, 42.1% included job satisfaction as an influencing factor for turnover intention. In late twenties, single status, college graduates, staff nurse, low salary, and nursing experience with 1-5 years appeared to be significantly related to turnover intention across the studies.Conclusion:To date, turnover intention has been substituted for turnover in most studies. Because it is believed that nursing turnover will continue and ultimately challenge patient care and nursing outcomes, longitudinal research with actual turnover data is needed to produce new evidence on the turnover culture and its effects on health care outcomes in Korea.
Genetic Research: The Role of Citizens, Public Health and International Stakeholders
Authors: Fedeli Piergiorgio , Casella Claudia , Buccelli Claudio , Cannovo Nunzia , Graziano Vincenzo 
Published: April 2019

Background:Genetic research has become an indispensable instrument for medical research, and the subjects involved have both divergent and convergent interests.Objective:The possibility of having more detailed genetic information undoubtedly offers benefits for the health of the subject, but could also pose risks and make the subject vulnerable to discrimination.Methods:The scientific community has viewed very favorably the public health utility of family history, in which data from a family whose members suffer from chronic pathologies is collected and filed, in order to develop a sort of “stratification of family risk.”Even though in the last decade the scientific and juridical literature has contributed greatly to the topic of biobanks, the perplexities that continue to surround this theme give the idea that current ethical protocols on research are inadequate.Results:Researchers, citizens, International stakeholders, mass media, Public Health and Governments play a key role in genetic research. It is obvious that the methods used for genetic research do not present intrinsic risks; they are much less dangerous than other activities of diagnosis and research. Before authorizing a research project, it is important to reflect on the responsibility and transparency of the studies to be conducted, and on the impact they may have on the interests of public health.Conclusion:We believe that the highest priority need is to develop a common language on the theme, as is the case in the sphere of clinical experimentation where rules of good clinical practice, albeit at times conflicting, have led to uniform convergences in the scientific world on the points to be actuated.
Pressure Ulcers Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Among Intensive Care Unit Patients in Governmental Hospitals in Palestine: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Qaddumi Jamal A.S. , Almahmoud Omar 
Published: April 2019

Aim:
To determine the prevalence rate and the potential risk factors of pressure ulcers (PUs) among patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) departments of the government hospitals in Palestine.

Methods:
A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive analytical study was carried out in five government hospital intensive care units in four different Palestinian cities between September 27, 2017, and October 27, 2017. The data of 109 out of 115 (94.78%) inpatients were analyzed. The Minimum Data Set (MDS) recommended by the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP) was used to collect inpatients’ information.

Results:
The result of the analysis showed that the prevalence of pressure ulcers in the ICU departments was 33%, and the prevalence of PUs when excluding stage one was 7.3%. The common stage for pressure ulcers was stage one. It was also determined that the most common risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers were the number of days in the hospital, moisture, and friction.

Conclusion:
According to the recent studies in the Asian States, the prevalence of pressure ulcers in Palestine is considerably higher than in China and Jordan. However, it is still lower than the prevalence reported in comparable published studies in Western Europe. Increasing the staff’s knowledge about PUs screening and preventive measures is highly recommended in order to decrease the burden of PUs.
Evaluando los contratos de exploración y extracción de hidrocarburos en México, 2015-2017
Authors: Rodriguez Padilla Victor 
Published: April 2019

<p>Se estima el reparto de la renta petrolera y el volumen de producción entre el Estado y el contratista, de acuerdo con lo establecido en los contratos adjudicados. Primero se describen las modalidades contractuales, el régimen fiscal y el mecanismo de<br />licitación; luego se analiza el reparto físico y económico de la producción. Se concluye<br />que el Estado recibe en promedio 72.4% de la renta cuando el contratista es eficiente, frente a un 56.5% cuando es ineficiente. En las licencias, el Estado no recibe producción alguna y, en los contratos de producción compartida recupera 30%, en un escenario de costos ineficientes.</p>
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI KELAS V SDN 03 ANDURING PADANG
Authors: Maielfi Dini 
Published: April 2019

<p align="justify">Masalah dalam penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya proses pembelajaran IPA di kelas V SDN 03 Anduring Padang. Hal ini disebabkan proses pembelajaran IPA masih berpusat kepada guru, siswa belum dilibatkan aktifÂ dalam pembelajaran, dan guru belumÂ mengaitkan materi pembelajaran dengan dunia nyata siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukÂ mendeskripsikan bagaimanakah penerapan pendekatan kontekstual untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran IPA di kelas V SDN 03 Anduring Padang.</p><p align="justify">Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas terdiri dari dua siklus meliputi empat tahap tindakan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Adapun subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas V SDN 03 Anduring Padang. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi, lembar tes, dan dokumen.</p><p align="justify">Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perencanaanÂ pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual pada siklus I dengan persentase 76,8 meningkat pada siklus II dengan persentase 92,85. Pelaksanaan aktivitas guru dengan pendekatan kontekstual pada siklus I dengan persentase 82,1 meningkat pada siklus II dengan persentase 96,4 sedangkan Pelaksanaan aktivitas siswa dengan pendekatan kontekstual pada siklus I dengan persentase 76,8 meningkat pada siklus II dengan persentase 92,8. Proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendekatan kontekstual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA khususnyaÂ materi sifat-sifat cahaya. Persentase hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I yaitu 77,4 meningkat pada siklus II yaitu dengan persentase 91,7. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan pendekatan kontekstual dapat meningkatkan proses pembelajaran IPA di kelas V SDN 03 Anduring Padangâ€.</p>
Heart Half Implementation Sharia Banking In Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Saputro Anip , Rois Adib Khusnul , Bazi Uzair Al 
Published: April 2019

Islamic banking in Indonesia has been regulated in the law, namely Law number 10 of 1998 concerning amendments to Law number 7 of 1992 concerning banking. As time goes by, the existing Islamic banking practices are starting to be questioned, questioned, and criticized, because there are those considered deviant even out of the sharia corridor itself. Against various problems that exist in Islamic banking, it needs to be addressed appropriately. By understanding the nature of the principle of tadrij fii tasyri, we are required to better understand and focus on the processes and stages in the implementation of syariah banking. So that with all the problems of Islamic banking faced now, it must be understood that this is still the stages, not the end and purpose of the application of Islamic banking it self. However, the main problem in the implementation of Islamic banking is the commitment. Islamic banking is in a comfortable zone with its current format. Efforts to implement Islamic banking are still half-hearted, even less serious. Even though there is a lot of criticism embedded in Islamic banking, starting from the practice of improper contracting, Human Resources (HR) who are not competent with the sharia itself, and banking products that are less adaptive and responsive. Keywords: Implementation, Commitment, HR, Product and Agreement, Tadrij fii Tasyri
Role of Financial Inclusion to Stability: The Case of Indonesia’s Sharia Banking
Authors: Widarwati Estu , Sari Pindykurnia , Nurmalasari Nunik 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Public access to the services of financial institutions determines the revenues amount of financial institutions. The growth of bank account helps banks to manage the financing service that provides for the community. This study examines the relationship of financial inclusion and financial stability, especially in Indonesia’s Sharia banking. Financial inclusion defined as community access to financial services which peroxided by deposits, while the financial stability of Sharia banking is measured by Non Performing Financial (NPF). Samples include financial data of 5 sharia banks during the study period from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed using classical assumption test and regression test. The results of study found that the deposits as proxy of financial inclusion had a positive effect to stability of financial.
No Guts, No Glory: Promoting Economic Independence of Brown Sugar Farmers Through Co-Operative
Authors: Puspasari Novita , Aryo Sudibyo Yudha 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Banyumas regency is the largest producer of brown sugar in Indonesia. One location which produce brown sugar is in Ketanda Village. Unfortunately, most of brown sugar farmers have been trapped to bad middlemen for decades since they are lack of capital and market access. The farmers pay debt to middlemen with their sugar then the price is determined by the middleman. Moreover, middlemen buy brown sugar in much lower price than the market price. Both the buying price and the debt scheme determined by the middlemen are unfair to brown sugar farmers. This research used action research method. In the first step of action research, diagnosis, it was found that brown sugar farmers need an institution which can facilitate them to be free from middlemen, strengthen the farmers community, and also develop their business model. Therefore, the intervention made by gathering local actors and they committed to build a cooperative. There are two implications from this study. First, this study will enrich literature in cooperative as a social enterprise which has a main goal to manage social problem. Second, if successfully implemented, the cooperative model can be replicated in other regions to manage the same social problem, thus farmer’s economic independence will be achieved.
Transformation of Higher Education: A Stakeholder Perspectives in Private Islamic Higher Education Institution (IPTIS) in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Hadijah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The mushrooming of private higher education institution in Malaysia is not new. To date, there are 391 private institution registered under Malaysian Qualification Agency (MQA) and there are 11 private Islamic higher education served on the basis of providing religious content of curriculum along with the academics line. Most of the private Islamic higher institution has catching up with the trends when they transform the status from college to university college, making the transformation absolutely essential. The transformation however, bring the nerved of urgency to change the institution, thus in order to transform, the institution should take immediate action by improve the areas mentioned by participants. The study carried out to explore and find a specific variable on transformation particularly as perceived by various stakeholder in one of the Private Islamic Higher Education Institution in Southern Malaysia. There are 24 stakeholder involved in the structured interview session. The findings served substantial information for the administrator particularly for the whole institutional stakeholders to transform in the four areas of improvisation as excerpt from the participant. The findings delineates the reputation of the institution as well known Islamic Higher Institution in the state and it explicates the areas of improvisation for the institution transformation.
Risk Factors for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Stoian Marilena , Stoica Victor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with incidence rising is expected to increase by another 81% by the year 2020, primarily due to the hepatitis C epidemic. The strongest risk factors for the development of HCC is a hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection, as well as cirrhosis of any cause. Other risk factors that have been reported include exposure to aflatoxin, alcohol, tobacco, obesity and diabetes. To detect potentially curable cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, outpatients with chronic liver disease who have been seen at the Dr. Ion Cantacuzino Hospital, since 10 years and examined periodically with real-time ultrasonography and measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein.We analyzed the data on these patients for risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma.
The risk of liver cancer in men was 1.33 times higher than in women; patients in their 60s had significantly higher rate ratios (6.46) than patients in their 40s; patients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed at enrollment had significantly higher rate ratios for liver cancer (1.93) than patients with chronic hepatitis. The high serum alpha-fetoprotein level at enrollment was also confirmed as a significant marker for a high risk, regardless of the stage of disease (chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis). The serum markers for hepatitis virus -- HBsAg, and anti-HCV - were significantly associated with the risk of liver cancer: the adjusted rate ratios for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HCV were estimated to be 6.92, 4.54, and 4.09, respectively. Hepatitis B surface antigen (rate ratio 6,92; 95% CI: 2.92 to 16.39) and hepatitis C antibody (rate ratio 4.09; 95% CI: 1.30 to 12.85) showed the most risk for carcinoma.
Further studies are required to clarify the roles of other risk factors, including drinking and smoking habits.