bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength of forest edge effects on litter‐dwelling macro‐arthropods across Europe is influenced by forest age and edge properties
Authors: De Smedt Pallieter , Baeten Lander , Proesmans Willem , Van de Poel Sam , Van Keer Johan , Giffard Brice , Martin Ludmilla , Vanhulle Rieneke , Brunet Jörg , Cousins Sara A.O. , Decocq Guillaume , Deconchat Marc , Diekmann Martin , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Le Roux Vincent , Liira Jaan , Valdés Alicia , Wulf Monika , Andrieu Emilie , Hermy Martin , Bonte Dries , Verheyen Kris 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimForests are highly fragmented across Western Europe, making forest edges important features in many agricultural landscapes. Forest edges are subject to strong abiotic gradients altering the forest environment and resulting in strong biotic gradients. This has the potential to change the forest's capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and natural pest control. Soil organisms play a key role in this perspective; however, these taxa are rarely considered in forest edge research.LocationA latitudinal gradient of 2,000 km across Western Europe.MethodsWe sampled six dominant taxa of litter‐dwelling macro‐arthropods (carabid beetles, spiders, harvestmen, centipedes, millipedes and woodlice) in forest edges and interiors of 192 forest fragments in 12 agricultural landscapes. We related their abundance and community composition to distance from the edge and the interaction with forest age, edge orientation and edge contrast (contrast between land use types at either side of the edge).ResultsThree out of six macro‐arthropod taxa have higher activity‐density in forest edges compared to forest interiors. The abundance patterns along forest edge‐to‐interior gradients interacted with forest age. Forest age and edge orientation also influenced within‐fragment compositional variation along the forest edge‐to‐interior gradient. Edge contrast influenced abundance gradients of generalist predators. In general, older forest fragments, south‐oriented edges and edges along structurally more continuous land use (lower contrast between forest and adjacent land use) resulted in stronger edge‐to‐interior gradients while recent forests, north‐oriented edges and sharp land use edges induced similarity between forest edge and interior along the forest edge‐to‐interior gradients in terms of species activity‐density and composition.Main conclusionsEdge effects on litter‐dwelling macro‐arthropods are anticipated to feedback on important ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration and natural pest control from small forest fragments.
Dynamic cell type‐specific expression of Nrf2 after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Dong Wenwen , Sun Yingfu , Cheng Hao , Yang Bei , Wang Linlin , Jiang Zhenfei , Li Bingxuan , Wen Shuheng , Guo Xiangshen , Guan Dawei , Zhao Rui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNrf2 plays a pivotal role in antioxidant response and anti‐inflammation after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its deletion aggravates TBI‐induced brain damage. Previous studies have demonstrated that Nrf2 is activated post TBI, but dynamic changes in expression and cell type‐specific characteristics remain unclear. In this study, the Feeney weight‐drop contusion model was conducted to mimic TBI, and the ipsilateral cerebral cortex was collected at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days post TBI (dpi). Nrf2 protein levels were observed by western blot. Cell type‐specific localization of Nrf2 after TBI was detected at different time intervals by double immunofluorescence staining. NeuN, GFAP, IBA1 and NG2 were used as cell type‐specific markers to neurons, astrocytes, microglia and NG2 glia, respectively. After TBI, Nrf2 protein levels peaked at 1 dpi. Robust transient Nrf2 accumulation was co‐localized with neurons, which was predominant at 1 dpi. Continuous weak Nrf2 expression was detected in activated astrocytes, and the number of double positive cells peaked at 7 dpi. Inducible widespread immunostaining of Nrf2 was observed in the nucleus of the microglia, and the number of Nrf2+ microglia peaked at 7 dpi. In addition, we also explored colocalization of Nrf2 in NG2 glia, in which the percentage of Nrf2+ in NG2 glia reached a climax at 3 dpi. This study reveals that the accumulation of endogenous Nrf2 might mediate different pathophysical roles in neurons and glias after TBI, the cell‐type specific and time‐dependent expression provide insights to explain the roles of Nrf2 in different neural cells.
Tarsal arthrodesis in horses
Authors: Auer J. A. , Fürst A. E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this commentary, first the do's and don'ts of arthrodesis are discussed followed by a description of the different techniques of partial tarsal arthrodesis. Specific comments were made to discuss the case report in this issue by Vlahos (2019) with regards to the plate positioning and at the end some thoughts on pantarsal arthrodesis in adult horses are presented.
Coauthorship Practices, Motivations, and Ethical Applications in Clothing and Textiles Research
Authors: Lee Seung‐Eun (Joy) , Lee Jaeil 
Published: March 2019

The researchers investigated coauthorship practices, motivations, and ethical applications among clothing and textiles (C&T) researchers. An email invitation was sent to all registered members of the International Textiles and Apparel Association (ITAA) with a URL for accessing the survey. Most of the 80 participants were tenured or tenure‐track faculty members in the United States who had published an average of five coauthored articles in the past 5 years. The findings showed that C&T researchers engaged in coauthorship primarily to improve the overall quality of their work by combining complementary skills and pursuing joint ideas and common interests. The overall contribution to the manuscript was the primary rule that was used to determine the order of listing authors. Although they were generally satisfied with their most recent coauthorship experience, some researchers had experienced problems with inappropriate authorship. The findings of this study suggest the need to formulate guidelines related to coauthorship and order of authorship in publishing research in C&T.
The stoichiometry and interactome of the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex are conserved across multiple cell lines
Authors: Sharifi Tabar Mehdi , Mackay Joel P. , Low Jason K. K. 
Published: March 2019

The nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex (NuRD) is a widely conserved regulator of gene expression. The determination of the subunit composition of the complex and identification of its binding partners are important steps towards understanding its architecture and function. The question of how these properties of the complex vary across different cell types has not been addressed in detail to date. Here, we set up a two‐step purification protocol coupled to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry to assess NuRD composition and interaction partners in three different cancer cell lines, using label‐free intensity‐based absolute quantification (iBAQ). Our data indicate that the stoichiometry of the NuRD complex is preserved across our three different cancer cell lines. In addition, our interactome data suggest ZNF219 and SLC25A5 as possible interaction partners of the complex. To corroborate this latter finding, in vitro and cell‐based pull‐down experiments were carried out. These experiments indicated that ZNF219 can interact with RBBP4, GATAD2A/B and chromodomain helicase DNA binding 4, whereas SLC25A5 might interact with MTA2 and GATAD2A.
Low‐cycle fatigue behavior of rolled WE43‐T5 magnesium alloy
Authors: Ghorbanpour Saeede , McWilliams Brandon A. , Knezevic Marko 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the main results from an investigation into the strength and low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of a rolled plate of WE43 Mg alloy in its T5 condition at room temperature. The alloy was found to exhibit small tension/compression yield asymmetry and small anisotropy being stronger in transverse direction (TD) than in rolling direction (RD) along with some anisotropy in strain hardening. The LCF tests were conducted under strain‐controlled conditions with the strain amplitudes ranging from 0.6% to 1.4% without the mean strain component. While the stress amplitudes during the LCF were higher for tests along TD than RD, the LCF life was similar for both directions. As revealed by electron microscopy, the fractured surfaces under tension consisted mainly of microvoid coalescence with some transgranular facets, while those fractured in LCF showed a combination of intergranular fracture and transgranular facets with minor content of microvoid coalescence.
Overland movement and migration phenology in relation to breeding of Arctic Terns Sterna paradisaea
Authors: Redfern Chris P. F. , Bevan Richard M. 
Published: March 2019

It is often implicitly assumed that seabirds migrate using marine environments, but this assumption is increasingly being challenged by electronic tracking data. The arrival and departure routes of Arctic Terns breeding on the North Sea coast of the United Kingdom (UK) are unknown but there has been speculation about the possibility of overland migration. Analysis of light‐level geolocator data from birds breeding on the Farne Islands suggests that these birds arrived and left their North Sea colony overland via the Irish Sea, rather than taking coastal routes along the east coast of the UK and through the English Channel. In addition, some departing birds may enter the North Atlantic by crossing Ireland rather than through the Irish Sea. The direction of arrival in spring had a more southerly orientation than the direction of autumn departure. The geolocator data allow migration phenology in relation to breeding to be defined and indicated that the birds arrived around 15 days before the first eggs were laid in the colony. Departure timing may be determined by seasonal progression and not markedly influenced by breeding success. This study supports the idea that overland migration may be a more widespread and consistent strategy for seabirds than has been realized.
Penetration depth of irrigants into root dentine after sonic, ultrasonic and photoacoustic activation
Authors: Galler K. M. , Grubmüller V. , Schlichting R. , Widbiller M. , Eidt A. , Schuller C. , Wölflick M. , Hiller K.‐A. , Buchalla W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo compare penetration depths of endodontic irrigants into the dentinal tubules of extracted teeth when using several activation methods.MethodologyThe root canals of 90 extracted human teeth were prepared to size 40, .06 taper. The straight and round‐shaped root canals were distributed randomly into six groups, and final irrigation was performed with EDTA and sodium hypochlorite as follows: (I) manual dynamic activation, (II) Ultrasonic, (III) Sonic, (IV) PIPS (photon‐induced photoacoustic streaming, (V) SWEEPS (shock‐wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming) and (0) control without final irrigation or activation. Subsequently, methylene blue was inserted into the canals and activated according to the groups (I–V). Teeth were sectioned horizontally, imaged under a light microscope, and dye penetration depths were measured in six sections per tooth and 24 points on a virtual clock‐face per section. Data were analysed statistically by nonparametric tests for whole teeth and separately for coronal, middle and apical thirds.ResultsPenetration of dye into the dentinal tubules was lowest for the controls. Median penetration depths amounted to 700–900 μm for groups I–V with differences in the apical thirds between group I and the other test groups. Minimum penetration depths were significantly greater for PIPS in the apical thirds (P ≤ 0.046).ConclusionsGreater penetration depths occurred in the apical thirds for ultrasonic, sonic and laser‐induced activation compared to manual dynamic activation. PIPS was associated with deeper penetration of irrigants. The novel SWEEPS mode did not increase irrigant penetration.
Parental financial support: A safety net for young adults with debt problems
Authors: Majamaa Karoliina , Rantala Kati 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParental financial support benefits young adults in societies with decreasing welfare‐state support and a pattern of early home‐leaving. This article focuses on the association between young adults’ debt problems and parental financial support: the extent to which indebted young adults receive financial help from their parents. We also investigate the extent to which specific benefits are associated with debt problems or parental financial support. The data were gathered in an online survey conducted among 18‐to‐35‐year‐old Finns (n = 1,019). The results revealed, first, that many parents safeguard their indebted adult children’s lives by means of financial support and second, that heavy cash‐welfare‐benefit users are particularly likely to receive parental financial support. Our analysis also revealed that the prevalence of debt problems as well as of parental financial support were especially high among those who had received social assistance, sickness benefit or labour‐market subsidy within the previous 12 months. In a society open to new social risks as well as to debt problems, young people who lack financial support from their parents have a rockier transition to adulthood than those who receive support.
Retinol/inflammation affect stemness and differentiation potential of gingival stem/progenitor cells via Wnt/β‐catenin
Authors: Fawzy El‐Sayed Karim M. , Hein Daniela , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: March 2019

Background and objectiveInflammatory cytokines impact the course of periodontal disease, repair, and regeneration. Vitamin A and its metabolites are inflammation‐modulatory biomolecules, affecting cellular pluripotency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of retinol and periodontal inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β/TNF‐α/IFN‐γ) on pluripotency and proliferative properties of gingival mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (G‐MSCs), for the first time.Material and methodsHuman G‐MSCs (n = 5) were STRO‐1 immuno‐magnetically sorted, characterized and expanded in basic medium (control group), in basic medium with IL‐1β (1 ng/mL), TNF‐α (10 ng/mL), and IFN‐γ (100 ng/mL) (inflammatory group), in basic medium with retinol (20 μmol/L) (retinol group) and with retinol added to the inflammatory group (inflammatory/retinol group). β‐catenin levels at 1 hour, cellular proliferation over 14 days, and colony‐forming units (CFUs) at 14 days were investigated. Pluripotency gene expressions were examined at 1, 3, and 5 days via reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Multilineage differentiation potential was evaluated, following 5 days priming, using qualitative and quantitative histochemistry and RT‐PCR.ResultsG‐MSCs were CD14−, CD34−, CD45−, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, and showed mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells’ hallmarks, CFUs, and multilineage differentiation potential. Intracellular β‐catenin significantly declined in the stimulated groups (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Cellular proliferation at 72 hours was most prominent in the control and inflammatory group [Median cell numbers (Q25/Q75); 6806 (4983/7312) and 5414 (4457/7230), respectively], followed by an upsurge in the retinol group. At 14 days, the retinol group exhibited the highest CFUs [Median CFUs (Q25/Q75); 35 (20/58), P = 0.043, Wilcoxon signed‐rank]. Nanog was most expressed in the inflammatory and retinol group [Median gene expression/PGK1 (Q25/Q75); 0.0006 (0.0002/0.0014) and 0.0005 (0.0003/0.0008)]. Inflammation significantly upregulated Sox2 expression [0.0002 (0.0008/0.0005)], while its expression was diminished in the retinol and inflammatory/retinol group (P < 0.001, Friedman test). Inflammatory/retinol group exhibited the highest multilineage differentiation potential.ConclusionControlled short‐term inflammatory/retinol stimuli activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, affecting G‐MSCs’ pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation. The present findings provide further insights into the inflammatory‐regenerative interactions and their modulation potential for G‐MSCs‐mediated periodontal repair/regeneration.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) as a factor mediating the relationship between obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Warbrick Ian , Rabkin Simon W. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common condition with an increased mortality, is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The latter two conditions are associated with increased epicardial fat that can extend into the heart. This review advances the proposition that hypoxia‐inhibitory factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) maybe a key factor producing HFpEF. HIF‐1α, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a key role in tissue response to hypoxia, is increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Increased HIF‐1α expression leads to expression of a potent profibrotic transcriptional programme involving collagen I, III, IV, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase. The net effect is the formation of collagen fibres leading to fibrosis. HIF‐1α is also responsible for recruiting M1 macrophages that mediate obesity‐associated inflammation, releasing IL‐6, MCP‐1, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β with increased expression of thrombospondin, pro α2 (I) collagen, transforming growth factor β, NADPH oxidase, and connective tissue growth factor. These factors can accelerate cardiac fibrosis and impair cardiac diastolic function. Inhibition of HIF‐1α expression in adipose tissue of mice fed a high‐fat diet suppressed fibrosis and reduces inflammation in adipose tissue. Delineation of the role played by HIF‐1α in obesity‐associated HFpEF may lead to new potential therapies.
The Phenomenological Film Collective: Introducing a cinematic‐phenomenological research method for social advocacy filmmaking
Authors: Gupta Nisha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces the vision for the Phenomenological Film Collective (pfcollective.com), a research and filmmaking group which utilizes phenomenological research in the service of social advocacy filmmaking. I outline the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of developing a “cinematic‐phenomenological research method” for PFCollective in order to illuminate lived experiences of sociocultural oppression for public viewership via cinematography. The roots of cinematic phenomenology are situated within the theoretical framework of liberation psychology, which calls on psychologists to pursue research that can facilitate consciousness‐raising and social justice across society. The paper provides a methodological overview of existential‐hermeneutic phenomenological research and discusses how its research findings can be disseminated to the widespread public in artistic formats. I demonstrate how filmmaking is an appropriate aesthetic language through which to disseminate phenomenological research about lived experiences of oppression, grounding this proposition in phenomenological philosophy and liberation psychology. I outline the procedural steps for conducting cinematic‐phenomenological research to produce phenomenological films about oppressive sociocultural phenomena. The paper concludes with suggestions for academic disciplines to become more interdisciplinary in our collective pursuit for social advocacy and change.
An Analysis of the Determinants of the Multiplex Urban Networks in the Yangtze River Delta
Authors: Zhang Weiyang , Derudder Ben , Wang Jianghao , Witlox Frank 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the determinants of the spatial and topological structure of three types of urban networks within the Yangtze River Delta. These networks consist of transport infrastructure links, business interactions in producer services firms, and leisure mobility. The influence of distance, size, administrative borders, landform contiguity, cultural affinities, economic alliances and administrative rank are examined. We position our findings as an empirical elaboration of the formation of multiplex urban networks. Our results show that in spite of significant correlations between all of these explanatory factors and the three urban networks, only some factors affect each of the three networks. More specifically, the business network has a weak dependence on distance and cultural affinities; intercity mobility is closely related to the size of cities’ populations and distance; and landform patterns remain a fundamental basis for intercity transport linkages. Our results highlight China’s hierarchical‐administrative specifics in the shaping of urban networks.
Oral iron supplementation is not associated with short‐term risk of infections: results from the Danish Blood Donor Study
Authors: Kaspersen Kathrine Agergård , Dinh Khoa Manh , Mikkelsen Susan , Petersen Mikkel Steen , Erikstrup Lise Tornvig , Pedersen Ole Birger , Sørensen Erik , Hjalgrim Henrik , Rigas Andreas , Nielsen Kaspar Rene , Ullum Henrik , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDBlood donors are at increased risk of developing iron deficiency, and several studies have recommended iron supplementation for this group. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral iron supplementation on risk of infections among healthy blood donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe included 82,062 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study who completed a questionnaire on health‐related items including use of oral iron supplementation. Infection outcomes were ascertained by using ICD‐10 codes in the Danish National Patient Register and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes in the Danish Prescription Register. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was used as the statistical model. Risk estimates are presented as crude hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).RESULTSDuring 19,978 person‐years of observation, 6983 donors redeemed at least one prescription of antimicrobials. Similarly, during 19,829 person‐years of observation, 242 donors were treated for infection at a hospital. Use of oral iron supplementation was not associated with redeemed prescriptions of antimicrobials in any strata: premenopausal women—HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91‐1.10; postmenopausal women—HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.87‐1.32; and men—HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84‐1.21. In addition, use of oral iron supplementation was not associated with risk of hospital‐based treatment for infection.CONCLUSIONIn a large cohort of blood donors, use of oral iron supplementation was not associated with subsequent short‐term risk of infection. These findings are important to help understanding the safety of using oral iron supplementation among blood donors and the general population.