bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait speed and overactive bladder in the healthy community‐dwelling super elderly: The Sukagawa Study
Authors: Omae Kenji , Yamamoto Yosuke , Kurita Noriaki , Takeshima Taro , Naganuma Toru , Takahashi Sei , Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Ito Fumihito , Yoshioka Takashi , Fukuhara Shunichi 
Published: August 2019

AimThe objective of this study is to assess the association of muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed with overactive bladder (OAB) in community‐dwelling elderly adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was based on the data collected from 350 Japanese healthy community‐dwelling elderly individuals aged 75 years or older from the Sukagawa Study. Muscle mass (kg) was measured by bioelectrical impedance, whereas grip strength (kg) and gait speed (m/s) were measured by performance testing. Muscle mass and grip strength were corrected for body mass index (BMI). The primary outcome was the presence of OAB, evaluated using the OAB symptom score.ResultsOf the 314 participants analyzed, 146 (47%) were men and 88 (28%) presented with OAB. The mean (SD) BMI, muscle mass, grip strength, and gait speed were 23.2 (3.2) kg/m
2, 38.4 (7.5) kg, 26.6 (8.1) kg, and 1.2 (0.2) m/s, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that slower gait speed was associated with a greater likelihood of OAB (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] per −1 SD, 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11‐1.95). No significant associations between muscle mass or grip strength and OAB were noted (aOR per −1 SD, 0.75, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.41‐1.37, 0.62‐1.72, respectively). Slower gait speed was also associated with higher likelihood of urgency and urgency incontinence (aOR per −1 SD, 1.35, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04‐1.74, 1.06‐1.84, respectively).ConclusionsIn the healthy community‐dwelling elderly, gait speed was associated with OAB, including urgency and urgency incontinence. Our findings may provide a new framework for OAB management with respect to functional mobility.
The effect of two‐dimensional d‐Ti3C2 on the mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composites
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Wang Libo , He Yan , Wu Meng , Zhou Aiguo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, Ti3C2 was delaminated into monolayer or few‐layer d‐Ti3C2 nanosheets, followed by preparation of d‐Ti3C2/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The effects of d‐Ti3C2 loading on the thermal and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated and the fracture morphology was analyzed. Results showed that the prepared d‐Ti3C2 was a monolayer or few‐layer nanosheets and the monolayer thickness is about 1.2 nm. The two‐dimensional d‐Ti3C2 was uniformly dispersed in the TPU matrix. The addition of d‐Ti3C2 nanosheets increased the thermal conductivity of TPU and also improved the mechanical properties of the matrix. When d‐Ti3C2 loading was 1 wt%, the specific strength and specific elongation were improved by about 29% and 53%, meanwhile the dissipated energies increased by 0.3 kJ/m3.
The evolution of a near‐surface ground thermal regime and modeled active‐layer thickness on James Ross Island, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, in 2006–2016
Authors: Hrbáček Filip , Uxa Tomáš 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThermal regime and thickness of the active layer respond rapidly to climate variations, and thus they are important measures of cryosphere changes in polar environments. We monitored air temperature and ground temperature at a depth of 5 cm and modeled active‐layer thickness using the Stefan and Kudryavtsev models at the Abernethy Flats site, James Ross Island, Eastern Antarctic Peninsula, in the period March 2006 to February 2016. The decadal average of air and ground temperature was −7.3 and −6.1°C, respectively, and the average modeled active‐layer thickness reached 60 cm. Mean annual air temperature increased by 0.10°C y−1 over the study period, while mean annual ground temperature showed the opposite tendency of −0.05°C y−1. The cooling took place mainly in summer and caused thawing season shortening and active‐layer thinning of 1.6 cm y−1. However, these trends need to be taken carefully because all were non‐significant at p < 0.05. The Stefan and Kudryavtsev models reproduced the active‐layer thickness with mean absolute errors of 2.6 cm (5.0%) and 3.4 cm (5.9%), respectively, which is better than in most previous studies, making them promising tools for active‐layer modeling over Antarctica.
Self‐Formulated Na‐Based Dual‐Ion Battery Using Nonflammable SO2‐Based Inorganic Liquid Electrolyte
Authors: Kim Ayoung , Jung Hojae , Song Juhye , Lee Jiwhan , Jeong Goojin , Kim Young‐Jun , Kim Hansu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSodium secondary batteries have gained much attention as alternative power sources to replace lithium secondary batteries. However, some technical issues must be solved to ensure their success. Here, a highly safe and cost‐effective Na‐based dual‐ion battery system employing self‐formulated CuCl cathode material starting from a mixture of Cu and NaCl in conjunction with a nonflammable NaAlCl4·2SO2 inorganic liquid electrolyte is demonstrated. It is found that CuCl is spontaneously formed by redox coupling of Cu/Cu(I) and SO2/SO2− anion radical. In the proposed battery, Na+ and Cl− are employed as energy carriers for the anode and cathode, respectively, and it is further demonstrated that the Na‐metal‐free battery configuration is possible using a hard carbon anode. Owing to the use of cheap electrode materials and a highly conductive and safe electrolyte, the proposed batteries deserve to be regarded as a promising approach for next‐generation Na rechargeable batteries.
Apoptotic effects of rhein through the mitochondrial pathways, two death receptor pathways, and reducing autophagy in human liver L02 cells
Authors: Li Yanglei , Shen Fang , Bao Yiqi , Chen Dongming , Lu Hong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRhein (4,5‐dihydroxyanthraquinone‐2‐carboxylic acid) is a major component of many medicinal herbs such as Rheum palmatum L. and Polygonum multiflorum. Despite being widely used, intoxication cases associated with rhein‐containing herbs are often reported. Currently, there are no available reports addressing the effects of rhein on apoptosis in human liver L02 cells. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the cytotoxic effects and the underlying mechanism of rhein on human normal liver L02 cells. In the present study, the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay demonstrated that rhein decreased the viability of L02 cells in dose‐dependent and time‐dependent ways. Rhein was found to trigger apoptosis in L02 cells as shown by Annexin V‐fluoresceine isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection kit and cell mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) assay, with nuclear morphological changes demonstrated by Hoechst 33258 staining. Detection of intracellular superoxide dismutase activity, lipid oxidation (malondialdehyde) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels showed that apoptosis was associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, it was observed that the mechanism implicated in rhein‐induced apoptosis was presumably via the death receptor pathway and the mitochondrial pathway, as illustrated by upregulation of TNF‐α, TNFR1, TRADD, and cleaved caspase‐3, and downregulation of procaspase‐8, and it is suggested that rhein may increase hepatocyte apoptosis by activating the increase of TNF‐α level. Meanwhile, rhein upregulates the expression of Bax and downregulates the expression of procaspase‐9 and ‐3, and it is suggested that the mitochondrial pathway is activated and rhein‐induced apoptosis may be involved. In addition, we also want to explore whether rhein‐induced apoptosis is related to the autophagic changes induced by rhein. The results showed that rhein treatment increased P62 and decreased LC3‐II and beclin‐1, which means that autophagy was weakened. The results of our studies indicated that rhein induced caspase‐dependent apoptosis via both the Fas death pathway and the mitochondrial pathway by generating ROS, and meanwhile the autophagy tended to weaken.
Improving clinical outcomes of very low birth weight infants
Authors: Arora Sunaina , Yadav Pankaj , Bajaj Hanish , Thakur Anurag Singh , Mittal Manish , Gupta Meetu Rawat , Jose Abhilash , Arora Rohit 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Standardized written guidelines and protocols in NICU are known to impact neonatal outcomes and improve survival.

Objective:
To study and compare the morbidity and mortality outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates before and after introduction of structured approach to standardized management guidelines on four interventions in a tertiary care hospital in North India.

Methodology:
Structured approach to standardized management guidelines on four interventions were implemented for VLBW infants in NICU. a) Humidified and Heated High Flow Nasal Cannula (HHHFNC) as the initial mode of ventilator support in preterm VLBW babies. b) Expressed breast milk for feeding preterm VLBW babies and absolutely no formula milk. c) Hand washing and following “Bundle Care Approach” for Central lines as the cardinal cornerstones for maintaining strict asepsis. d) Development and supportive care to be regularly followed. Data was collected prospectively from July 2015 to December 2016 (Intervention Group) and compared with retrospective matched controls from the previous year (July 2014–June 2015) (Control Group).

Results:
There was a significant decrease in culture positive sepsis in the intervention group compared to control group (3 (2.97%) CI:0.006–0.08 vs 11 (19.64%) CI:0.10–0.32; P = .0004). There was no significant difference in the mortality (5.35% vs3.96% P = .74) amongst the two groups.

Conclusion:
Implementing structured approach to above mentioned interventions in the form of standardized management guidelines for preterm VLBW neonates was associated with significant reduction in culture proven sepsis and mechanical ventilation days without affecting mortality or other comorbidities.
A crossover trial comparing contamination of healthcare personnel during removal of a standard gown versus a modified gown with increased skin coverage at the hands and wrists
Authors: Hajar Zeina , Mana Thriveen S. C. , Tomas Myreen E. , Alhmidi Heba , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn a crossover trial, a gown designed to increase skin coverage at the hands and wrists significantly reduced contamination of personnel during personal protective equipment (PPE) removal, and education on donning and doffing technique further reduced contamination. Simple modifications of PPE and education can reduce contamination during PPE removal.
A restudy of the Sandbian to Katian (Upper Ordovician) graptolites from the East Qilianshan (Chilianshan), Northwest China
Authors: Chen Xu , Chen Zhongyang , Mitchell Charles E. , Chen Qing , Zhang Linna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Upper Ordovician Sandbian to Katian strata from the East Qilianshan (northeastern Tibet Plateau) bear a graptolite fauna of moderately high diversity. Graptolites from theAmplexograptus maxwellibeds to theAppendispinograptus longispinusBiozone (Sa2–Ka4 intervals) proposed herein include 27 species of 13 genera. This important graptolite fauna is first described herein although it was initially reported in 1963. Most of them occur in theA. longispinusBiozone corresponding to theDicellograptus complexustoParaorthograptus pacificusbiozones of the Wufeng Formation in the Yangtze region.Alulagraptusnew genus is established based on the materials from the East Qiqiaogou section. The endemic species, e.g.,Alulagraptus ensiformis(Mu and Zhang in Mu et al., 1963),Dicellograptus sinicusMu and Zhang in Mu et al., 1963, andClimacograptus?papilioMu and Zhang in Mu et al., 1963, could indicate that East Qilianshan block was separated from South China.UUID:http://zoobank.org/84ab69a2-0b56-4ec3-912e-730da08ab10a
Impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive profile compared with healthy people and patients with ADHD
Authors: Linhartová Pavla , Látalová Adéla , Barteček Richard , Širůček Jan , Theiner Pavel , Ejova Anastasia , Hlavatá Pavlína , Kóša Barbora , Jeřábková Barbora , Bareš Martin , Kašpárek Tomáš 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is a heterogeneous concept, and a comprehensive evaluation of impulsivity dimensions is lacking in the literature. Moreover, it is unclear whether BPD patients manifest impaired cognitive functioning that might be associated with impulsivity in another patient group, such as ADHD, a frequent comorbidity of BPD.MethodsWe tested 39 patients with BPD without major psychiatric comorbidities and ADHD, 25 patients with ADHD, and 55 healthy controls (HC) using a test battery consisting of a self-report measure of impulsivity (UPPS-P questionnaire), behavioral measures of impulsivity – impulsive action (Go/NoGo task, stop signal task) and impulsive choice (delay discounting task, Iowa gambling task), and standardized measures of attention (d2 test), working memory (digit span), and executive functioning (Tower of London).ResultsPatients with BPD and ADHD, as compared with HC, manifested increased self-reported impulsivity except sensation seeking and increased impulsive choice; patients with ADHD but not BPD showed increased impulsive action and deficits in cognitive functioning. Negative urgency was increased in BPD as compared to both HC and ADHD groups and correlated with BPD severity.ConclusionsPatients with BPD without ADHD comorbidity had increased self-reported impulsivity and impulsive choice, but intact impulsive action and cognitive functioning. Controlling for ADHD comorbidity in BPD samples is necessary. Negative urgency is the most diagnostically specific impulsivity dimension in BPD.
Further Improvement of Surface Flux Estimation in the Unstable Surface Layer Based on Large‐Eddy Simulation Data
Authors: Liu S. , Zeng X. , Dai Y. , Shao Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) is widely used for the surface turbulence flux‐gradient relations in modeling and data analysis. Here we quantify multiscale turbulence processes by applying our newly developed analysis technique to large‐eddy simulation data, and find that in the unstable surface layer, large convective eddies (with the scaling of boundary layer depth) and local free convection exist in addition to small eddies. An empirical MOST function (considering the last two processes only) is found to underestimate the surface friction velocity and heat flux both by about 30%. Much better results can be obtained using a function that explicitly considers all three processes. Generally, the nondimensional wind shear exhibits larger scatter and deviates more from the MOST than the temperature gradient. Based on these results, we propose the revised Sorbjan (1986, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00120989) function (with coefficients determined from this study) for wind shear and MOST function for temperature gradient, for estimating surface fluxes in the unstable surface layer. The three‐dimensional multiscale analysis method we develop in this study is of general nature and can be of interest for problems of three‐dimensional multiscale process description in other disciplines.
Homogenized Water Vapor Absorption Band Radiances From International Geostationary Satellites
Authors: Li Zhenglong , Li Jun , Gunshor Mathew , Moeller Szu‐Chia , Schmit Timothy J. , Yu Fangfang , McCarty Will 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the past 20+ years, GEO Imagers with infrared 6.5‐μm bands have been observing the Earth's atmosphere, providing useful information of upper tropospheric moisture. Due to the instrumental differences and local viewing angles in GEO satellites, these observations are not consistent for generating climate data records (CDRs). In this study, a methodology has been developed to homogenize the 6.5‐μm radiances from the international GEO satellites, to generate a consistent CDR. Validations with Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer radiances from Metops for 2015–2017 for seven GEO Imager sensors show that the GEO radiances are homogenized well with small standard deviation and biases of the differences (smaller for newer sensors), temporally stable radiometric accuracy, and weak angle dependency (even weaker for sensors with two water vapor bands). The homogenized 20+ years of consistent 6.5‐μm radiance CDR can be used to evaluate reanalysis and climate models, especially the diurnal variation of the model simulation.
Heterotrophy of Oceanic Particulate Organic Matter Elevates Net Ecosystem Calcification
Authors: Kealoha Andrea K. , Shamberger Kathryn E.F. , Reid Emma C. , Davis Kristen A. , Lentz Steven J. , Brainard Russell E. , Oliver Thomas A. , Rappé Michael S. , Roark E. Brendan , Rii Yoshimi M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCoral reef calcification is expected to decline due to climate change stressors such as ocean acidification and warming. Projections of future coral reef health are based on our understanding of the environmental drivers that affect calcification and dissolution. One such driver that may impact coral reef health is heterotrophy of oceanic‐sourced particulate organic matter, but its link to calcification has not been directly investigated in the field. In this study, we estimated net ecosystem calcification and oceanic particulate organic carbon (POCoc) uptake across the Kāne'ohe Bay barrier reef in Hawai'i. We show that higher rates of POCoc uptake correspond to greater net ecosystem calcification rates, even under low aragonite saturation states (Ωar). Hence, reductions in offshore productivity may negatively impact coral reefs by decreasing the food supply required to sustain calcification. Alternatively, coral reefs that receive ample inputs of POCoc may maintain higher calcification rates, despite a global decline in Ωar.
Attributing Greenland Warming Patterns to Regional Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus A. , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObserved and model‐projected sea ice loss enhances warming in the Arctic. We investigate to what extent warming on Greenland can be attributed to changes in the sea ice cover in different parts of the Arctic. Using Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 model projections of the future, we perform multilinear regressions to separate the simulated warming on Greenland in two parts; one following global warming and one following regional sea ice changes. This reveals the magnitude and spatial pattern of warming on Greenland, which can be attributed to sea ice loss in different Arctic regions. The results indicate that the impact of sea ice loss is largely confined to the coastal parts of Greenland. We find the strongest links to sea ice loss in adjacent regions; remote regions only have a limited impact. Overall, warming attributable to sea ice variability is a minor contribution but can be a dominant signal locally in coastal regions.
The Role of Management on Methane Emissions From Subtropical Wetlands Embedded in Agricultural Ecosystems
Authors: DeLucia Nicholas J. , Gomez‐Casanovas Nuria , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWetlands are an important source of CH4 globally. However, uncertainty surrounding the impact of anthropogenic activities on CH4 emissions from wetlands limits understanding of how these ecosystems will respond to management changes. Furthermore, by neglecting the potential for management to influence CH4 emissions likely inflates error of CH4 emissions for regional and global CH4 models. This study employed a replicated factorial experimental design to investigate how management of the agricultural landscape, including grazing and/or management intensity, influences net CH4 emissions from embedded, seasonal subtropical wetlands. This research further determined key mechanisms by which management decisions at the landscape scale modulate CH4 emissions from the embedded wetlands. Net CH4 exchange was measured using a closed chamber system over two complete wet/dry seasonal cycles in 16 wetlands embedded in either agronomically improved pastures (improved wetlands) or less intensively grazed unfertilized seminative pastures (seminative wetlands), as well as in grazed and ungrazed wetlands in each treatment. Emissions of CH4 were higher from improved wetlands (2.82 μmol m−2 s−1) than seminative wetlands (0.75 μmol m−2 s−1), particularly during the wet season. Enhanced CH4 emissions in improved wetlands relative to seminative wetlands were caused by increased soil wetness and by higher biomass in improved seminative wetlands. Unlike subtropical flooded pastures, our results showed that grazers do not alter CH4 emissions from subtropical wetlands. Current and future changes in management intensity of pastures may cause shifts in net soil CH4 emissions from embedded subtropical wetlands, which could further enhance this emission source.
Blood plasma metabolic profiling of pregnant women with antenatal depressive symptoms
Authors: Henriksson Hanna E. , Malavaki Christina , Bränn Emma , Drainas Vasilis , Lager Susanne , Iliadis Stavros I. , Papadopoulos Fotios C. , Sundström Poromaa Inger , Chrousos George P. , Klapa Maria I. , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntenatal depression affects ~9–19% of pregnant women and can exert persistent adverse effects on both mother and child. There is a need for a deeper understanding of antenatal depression mechanisms and the development of tools for reliable diagnosis and early identification of women at high risk. As the use of untargeted blood metabolomics in the investigation of psychiatric and neurological diseases has increased substantially, the main objective of this study was to investigate whether untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) plasma metabolomics in 45 women in late pregnancy, residing in Uppsala, Sweden, could indicate metabolic differences between women with and without depressive symptoms. Furthermore, seasonal differences in the metabolic profiles were explored. When comparing the profiles of cases with controls, independently of season, no differences were observed. However, seasonal differences were observed in the metabolic profiles of control samples, suggesting a favorable cardiometabolic profile in the summer vs. winter, as indicated by lower glucose and sugar acid concentrations and lactate to pyruvate ratio, and higher abundance of arginine and phosphate. Similar differences were identified between cases and controls among summer pregnancies, indicating an association between a stressed metabolism and depressive symptoms. No depression-specific differences were apparent among depressed and non-depressed women, in the winter pregnancies; this could be attributed to an already stressed metabolism due to the winter living conditions. Our results provide new insights into the pathophysiology of antenatal depression, and warrant further investigation of the use of metabolomics in antenatal depression in larger cohorts.