bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Physiological Disruption and Reflex Impairment in Shortnose Sturgeon Exposed to Catch-and-Release Angling
Authors: Struthers Daniel P. , Bower Shannon D. , Lennox Robert J. , Gilroy Christine E. , MacDonald Elizabeth C. , Cooke Steven J. , Litvak Matthew K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Sturgeons (Acipenseridae) are the most imperilled group of fishes globally. Yet, many species remain important targets of recreational anglers. In the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum is a popular species targeted by recreational anglers. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature has placed Shortnose Sturgeon on the Red List as “Vulnerable,” and therefore this species is afforded protection from harvest in Canada by the federal Species at Risk Act. Here, we evaluated physiological stress using two principal components axes, RC1 and RC2, generated from blood lactate, glucose, and pH, hematocrit, and reflex impairment of sturgeon exposed to exhaustive chase experiments at a hatchery and angled sturgeon that were captured during an annual fall competitive angling event. Physiological indicators of stress increased with holding time for Shortnose Sturgeon transferred into a tank and for sturgeon exposed to chase trials. Circulating metabolite concentrations were not associated with reflex impairment. The odds of reflex impairment increased as a function of air exposure, with a 1-min increase in air exposure increasing the odds of impairment by 1.78. All sturgeon survived hatchery experiments. Most of the wild Shortnose Sturgeon captured in the fishing derby (71%) exhibited reflex impairment, and 38% had superficial injuries such as cuts or wounds. None of these factors were associated with physiological disturbance, although ordinated stress physiology axes were elevated both 1 and 2 h after initial sampling, which was predictive by the holding time prior to weigh-in and measuring fish size. All fish were hooked in the mouth and each was released alive from the derby. Taken together the evidence suggests that Shortnose Sturgeon are resilient to recreational angling interactions, yet managers could use this information to improve best practices of catch-and-release angling.
Monitoring of moisture and salinity content in an operational road structure by electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Rasul H. , Zou L. , Olofsson B. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTMoisture dynamics in road systems significantly affect road structure design and maintenance. This study analysed moisture dynamics in a cross‐section of motorway (the E18) in Sweden during a 1‐year period throughin situmonitoring using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The monitoring methodology was assessed since resistivity can provide a good proxy for monitoring moisture in the road structure. Monthly electrical resistivity was calculated by inverting resistivity data along a pre‐installed electrical resistivity line beneath the surface asphalt layer of the road at the test site. The electrical resistivity data were then statistically analysed and correlated with local climate data, that is precipitation and temperature, and with ground parameters such as moisture content. The results showed high variation in resistivity in the road surface layer and road shoulders depending on weather conditions, water flow and other surface activities. In general, negative correlations between electrical resistivity and precipitation were observed. The results also indicated possible retardation of de‐icing salt after accumulating in the top layer during winter. These findings advance understanding of the moisture dynamics in roads and can help improve pavement design in response to future climate change.
Soy‐Derived Phytochemical Genistein Modifies Chromatome Topology to Restrict Cancer Cell Proliferation
Authors: Dutta Bamaprasad , Park Jung Eun , Qing Ivan Toh Yi , Kon Oi Lian , Sze Siu Kwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEpidemiological data indicate that human cancer risk is significantly reduced by the consumption of soy‐based foods containing the “phytoestrogen” genistein, which can signal via host cell estrogen receptors. While additional chemoprotective effects of genistein induced by epigenetic factors have also been reported, the key molecules and mechanisms involved are poorly defined. We therefore investigated genistein effects on chromatin‐bound proteins in the estrogen receptor‐deficient cell line MDA‐MB‐231 which is insensitive to phytoestrogen signaling. After exposure to low‐dose genistein for >1 month, MDA‐MB‐231 cells exhibited stable epigenetic alterations that are analyzed via partial MNase digestion and TMT‐based quantitative proteomics. 3177 chromatin‐bound proteins are identified with high confidence, including 882 molecules that displayed altered binding topology after cell conditioning with genistein. Prolonged phytochemical exposure conferred heritable changes in the binding topology of key epigenetic regulators including ATRX, SUV39H1/H2, and HP1BP3 that are preserved in untreated progeny, resulting in sustained downregulation of proliferation genes and reduced cell growth. These data indicate that soy derivative genistein exerts complex estrogen receptor‐independent effects on the epigenome likely to influence tumorigenesis by restricting cell growth.
Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree
Authors: Duan Huijuan , Xue Yongqiang , Cui Zixiang , Fu Qingshan , Chen Xinghui , Zhang Rong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractParticle size plays a crucial role in melting process of nanoparticles, but the mechanism, factors, range, and degree of the size effect are still unclear. Here, the precise equations of the integral melting enthalpy and entropy with radius of nanoparticles are deduced, without any adjustable parameters, and the influencing mechanism and the factors are discussed. Experimentally, the melting of spherical nano‐Au with different radii (0.9–37.4 nm) is taken as a system to research the melting behavior of nanoparticles. Combining the results of theory and experiments, the influencing regularities, range, and degree are discussed. The results indicate that there are significant effects of particle size on the temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting, which decrease with the radius decreasing. These effects can be attributed to specific surface area, surface tension, and its temperature coefficient. When the radius exceeds 10 nm, specific surface area is the decisive factor, there exists the linear relationships of temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting with the reciprocal of radius. However, when the radius is less than 10 nm, the effects of surface tension and its temperature coefficient gradually hold the main position, the linear relations do not exist.
Immediate effects of leg‐press exercises with tibial internal rotation on individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hanada Kenji , Hara Michiya , Hirakawa Yoshiyuki , Hoshi Kenji , Ito Kazuya , Gamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) demonstrate abnormal kinematics involving greater tibial external rotation during squatting, there have not been any previous studies investigating an exercise focused on correcting knee rotational kinematics. This study aimed to determine the immediate effects of exercise with tibial internal rotation (IR) on symptoms and functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).MethodsThis study provides Level II evidence using a small randomized controlled trial. Sixty patients were allocated to either the tibial IR or neutral rotation (NR) group in this randomized controlled trial. The IR group performed a leg press activity with the tibia in maximal IR, whereas the NR group performed leg press activity with the tibia in NR. Outcome measures were (a) 10‐m walk test; (b) Timed Up and Go test, (c) knee flexion angle while squatting, (d) knee pain during walking and squatting, and (e) difficulty during walking and squatting.ResultsSignificant interaction was observed in all outcomes. The IR group exhibited significant improvement on all outcome measures, whereas the NR group exhibited significant improvements only in the 10‐m walk.ConclusionThe IR group exhibited greater improvements than the NR group on all outcome measures. After a single session, leg press activity with the tibia in maximal IR improved the symptoms and functions measured in this study more effectively than leg press activity with the tibia in a neutral position. This suggests that correcting rotational malalignment is more important than strengthening the quadriceps for maintaining or even improving function of OA knees.(Clinical trials registration number: UMIN000021751)
Selective binding of potassium and calcium ions to novel cyclic proanthocyanidins in wine by high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Longo Edoardo , Rossetti Fabrizio , Merkyte Vakare , Obiedzińska Agnieszka , Boselli Emanuele 
Published: July 2018

RationaleCyclic B‐type (referred also as crown) proanthocyanidins (PACs) were recently identified in wines. A high‐performance liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/HRMS/MS) method was applied to study the binding of cyclic and non‐cyclic PACs to potassium and calcium ions, which affect the chemico‐physical stability of wines. Different binding affinities suggest that cyclic and non‐cyclic analogues, despite the equal number of monomer units, influence the colloidal stability of wine and are related to the grape variety or winemaking conditions.MethodsNineteen red and white wines were analysed by HPLC/HRMS/MS with positive electrospray ionization to investigate the distribution of novel cyclic PACs and their calcium, potassium and sodium adducts. Principal components analysis was used to study the distribution of the wines and the relationships among PACs with and without cation complexes.ResultsA dependence on specific isomers (and conformations) was found for the non‐cyclic procyanidin (PC) trimer whereas the cyclic tetrameric PACs were shown to bind better to potassium than their non‐cyclic analogues. The binding to these metals appeared to be influenced not only by the number of monomer units, but also by the conformation assumed by the molecules. Statistical analysis evidenced that the distribution of adducts in different wines is less influenced by the grape variety used for winemaking than their associated [M + H]+ species studied earlier.ConclusionsWines from 19 grape varieties were investigated in order to identify potassium and calcium complexes of non‐ and cyclic B‐type PACs that were recently discovered. The results showed a dependence of the distribution of metal complexes according to the cyclic or non‐cyclic geometry of PACs. The multivariate analysis of the mass spectrometric results showed a relationship with the grape variety; however, this was not as straightforward as evidenced for the non‐complexed species.
Simultaneous determination of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke by dispersive solid‐phase extraction coupled with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiaotao , Wang Ruoning , Zhang Li , Ruan Yibin , Wang Weiwei , Ji Houwei , Lin Fucheng , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2018

RationaleThe minor alkaloids in tobacco play an important role in the chemical composition of cigarette smoke, and they are precursors of tobacco‐specific nitrosamines (4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NNK), N‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N‐nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and N‐nitrosoanatabine (NAT)). NNN and NNK are classified as group 1 carcinogens. A method quantitating both tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke has not been reported.MethodsTobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in cigarette mainstream smoke were extracted by sonication. The extract was cleaned up by dispersive solid‐phase extraction, and separation was achieved via ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry.ResultsThe method was validated by analysis of six replicate samples spiked with three levels of the analyses. The mean recoveries for the six replicates were from 84.7% to 118% with less than 15% relative standard deviation except myosmine at the low spiked level and the calculated detection limits were 0.066 to 13.2 ng/cig, respectively. The mean concentrations of nicotyrine, anabasine, nornicotine, anatabine, myosmine, 2,3‐bipyridine, cotinine, nicotelline, N‐formylnornicotine, NNK, NNN, NAB and NAT in 30 different brands of commercial cigarette smoke under the ISO smoking regimen were 2.50 μg/cig, 2.34 μg/cig, 3.21 μg/cig, 5.78 μg/cig, 2.83 μg/cig, 1.05 μg/cig, 1.55 μg/cig, 0.55 μg/cig, 2.48 μg/cig, 6.06 ng/cig, 3.62 ng/cig, 0.40 ng/cig and 6.15 ng/cig, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method was suitable for analysis of tobacco minor alkaloids and tobacco‐specific nitrosamines in cigarette mainstream smoke.
Silica Nanostructures, a Heterogeneous Surface for Dendrimer Functionalization
Authors: Heidarizadeh Mohammad , Doustkhah Esmail , Saberi Farveh , Rostamnia Sadegh , Hassankhani Asadollah , Rezaei Parisa Fathi , Ide Yusuke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNowadays, giant organic molecules have taken a great attention in nanoarchitecturing of silica materials. Silica nanostructure binded dendrimers play a crucial role in the next‐generation technologies within many fields such as medicine, drug delivery, sensors, catalysis, water treatment, etc. This paper discusses silica nanostructures which are arrayed by dendrimers and have been used for many applications such as drug delivery and catalysis. Also, this paper elaborates some possible pathways of binding a dendrimer to a silica surface. Synthesis of dendrimers on the surface of silica nanostructure is also discussed.
Structural Insights and Third Order NLO Studies of Pseudohalide‐ Based Polymeric and Monomeric Congeners of Halo‐Substituted Parent Schiff Bases
Authors: Aiswarya Natarajan , Ajina Cheruvalath , Tom Lincy , Kurup Maliyeckal R. Prathapachandra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present work focuses on the pseudohalide embodied copper(II) complexes of a tridentate Schiff base (HL) derived from N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine and 3,5‐dichloro‐2‐hydroxyacetophenone. Of them, two are coordination polymers and rest are monomers. The azide in the complex [Cu(L)(N3)]n, adopts an end‐on coordination mode begetting a trans helical propagation while the end‐to‐end bonding fashion of the dicyanamide in [Cu(L)[N(CN)2]n, fostered a meso‐helical chain. The interplay of covalent & non‐covalent forces develop the complexes into supramolecular architectures. Similar forces stitch the monomeric cyanato and thiocyanato complexes to chains. Quantification of intermolecular forces was achieved by surface analysis along with fingerprint plots. Charge‐transfer bands exhibit negative solvatochromic effect while the influence of the solvents on the geometry of the complexes is based on d‐d bands. Further, fluorescence and thermal studies were also done. The third order non‐linear optical (NLO) response of the complexes were recorded. Open aperture scan showed a positive NLO absorption coefficient and closed scan, a negative non‐linear refractive effect. A predominant refractive effect of the complexes make them ideal for optical switching applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Potential Impurities of Dolutegravir: A HIV Drug
Authors: Gudisela Mura Reddy , Bommu Praveen , Navuluri Srinivasu , Mulakayala Naveen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSix major impurities were observed during the development of dolutegravir. All these impurities were identified by using HPLC and LC–MS analysis and were synthesized starting from (4R,12aS)‐7‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐6,8‐dioxo‐3,4,6,8,12,12a‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrido[1′, 2′:4,5] pyrazino [2, 1‐b][1, 3]oxazine‐9‐carboxylic acid 1. All the synthesized impurities were characterized by using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and HPLC analysis. These compounds can be used as a reference standard for the active pharmaceutical ingredient manufactures and research organizations.
Biamphiphilic Ionic Liquids‐Drug Mixtures: Interactional and Morphological Aspects
Authors: Vashishat Rajni , Sanan Reshu , Ray Debes , Aswal Vinod Kumar , Mahajan Rakesh Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe interactional and morphology behavior of mixed system embracing chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) drug and surface active biamphiphilic ionic liquids (BAILs); 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate ([C6mim][C12OSO3]) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium octylsulfate ([C4mim][C8OSO3]) at pH 7 have been investigated to develop new strategies to use BAILs as carriers of pharmaceutical active compounds. UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods are used to shed light on the foremost interactions governing CPZ + BAILs mixtures. The higher value of binding constant (Ka) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for CPZ + [C6mim][C12OSO3] mixture, determined from absorbance measurements depict the existence of more attractive interactions than CPZ + [C4mim][C8OSO3]. The composition mediated self‐assembly of CPZ + BAIL mixed aggregates in bulk has been investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements.
Enamine‐Mediated Azide‐Ketone [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Azidoperfluoroalkanes
Authors: Blastik Zsófia E. , Klepetářová Blanka , Beier Petr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn effective synthesis of highly functionalized N‐perfluoroalkyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles from azidoperfluoroalkanes has been achieved. In situ generated enamines readily participate in the azide‐carbonyl [3+2] cycloaddition, providing a facile way to fully substituted triazole frameworks in good to excellent yields. The synthetic value of these triazoles was shown in the synthesis of perfluorinated 1,5‐disubstituted triazoles by hydrolysis and decarboxylation.
Directly Electrodeposited Cobalt Sulfide Nanosheets as Advanced Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Nan Kaikai , Du Hongfang , Su Lan , Li Chang Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCoS, a low cost and efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), has attract great research interest but its electrosynthesis to delicately tune the nanostructures has not been carried out. Herein, for the first time by the use of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) as sulfur source, CoS nanosheets are time‐controlled electrosynthesized and further evolved to a 3D flower‐like nanostructure, in which KSCN plays a critical role. With a deposition time of 1200s, the catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity toward OER, achieving a small Tafel slope of 55 mV dec−1 and only requires an overpotential of 310 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, better than the benchmark IrO2 and other electrodeposited cobalt sulfide catalysts. The enhancement mechanism is attributed to the unique nanostructure offering a large electroactive surface while allowing reactants accessing the reaction surface and the produced oxygen bubble escaping out for a fast electrode kinetics toward OER.
Facile, Room Temperature, Electroless Deposited (Fe1−x,Mnx)OOH Nanosheets as Advanced Catalysts: The Role of Mn Incorporation
Authors: Suryawanshi Mahesh P. , Ghorpade Uma V. , Shin Seung Wook , Suryawanshi Umesh P. , Shim Hong Jae , Kang Soon Hyung , Kim Jin Hyeok 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, bimetallic iron (Fe)–manganese (Mn) oxyhydroxide ((Fe1−x,Mnx)OOH, FeMnOOH) nanosheets on fluorine‐doped tin oxide conducting substrates and on semiconductor photoanodes are synthesized by a facile, room temperature, electroless deposition method as catalysts for both electrochemical and photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting, respectively. Surprisingly, Mn‐doped FeOOH can significantly modulate the nanosheet morphology to increase the active surface area, boost more active sites, and augment the intrinsic activity by tuning the electronic structure of FeOOH. Due to the 2D nanosheet architecture, the optimized FeMnOOH exhibits superior electrochemical activity and outstanding durability for the oxygen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 246 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 414 mV at 100 mA cm−2, and long‐term stability for 40 h without decay, which is comparable to the best electrocatalysts for water oxidation reported in the literature. By integrating with semiconductor photoanodes (such as α‐Fe2O3 nanorod (NR) arrays), bimetallic FeMnOOH catalysts achieve solar‐driven water splitting with a significantly enhanced PEC performance (3.36 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) with outstanding long‐term stability (≈8 h) compared to that of the bare Fe2O3 NR (0.92 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs RHE).
Hepatoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 from Panax ginseng on carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in mice
Authors: Ning Chenqing , Gao Xiaoguang , Wang Changyuan , Huo Xiaokui , Liu Zhihao , Sun Huijun , Yang Xiaobo , Sun Pengyuan , Ma Xiaodong , Meng Qiang , Liu Kexin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammatory response are well known to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury. This study was performed to examine the hepatoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) against CCl4‐induced acute liver injury, and further to elucidate the involvement of Nrf2 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Mice were orally administered Rg1 (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg) or sulforaphane (SFN) once daily for 1 week prior to 750 μL/kg CCl4 injection. The results showed that Rg1 markedly altered relative liver weights, promoted liver repair, increased the serum level of TP and decreased the serum levels of ALT, AST and ALP. Hepatic oxidative stress was inhibited by Rg1, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA, and increases in GSH, SOD, and CAT in the liver. Further research demonstrated that Rg1 suppressed liver inflammation response through repressing the expression levels of inflammation‐related genes including TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, COX‐2, and iNOS. In addition, Rg1 enhanced antioxidative stress and liver detoxification abilities by up‐regulating Nrf2 and its target‐genes such as GCLC, GCLM, HO‐1, NQO1, Besp, Mrp2, Mrp3, Mrp4, and down‐regulating Cyp2e1. However, the changes in Nrf2 target‐genes, as well as ameliorative liver histology induced by Rg1 were abrogated by Nrf2 antagonist all‐transretinoic acid in vivo and Nrf2 siRNA in vitro. Overall, the findings indicated that Rg1 might be an effective approach for the prevention against acute liver injury by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Consent recommendations for research and international data sharing involving persons with dementia
Authors: Thorogood Adrian , Mäki‐Petäjä‐Leinonen Anna , Brodaty Henry , Dalpé Gratien , Gastmans Chris , Gauthier Serge , Gove Dianne , Harding Rosie , Knoppers Bartha Maria , Rossor Martin , Bobrow Martin ,   Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Ageing and Dementia Task Team
Published: July 2018

AbstractConsent is generally required for research and sharing rich individual‐level data but presents additional ethical and legal challenges where participants have diminished decision‐making capacity. We formed a multi‐disciplinary team to develop best practices for consent in data‐intensive dementia research. We recommend that consent processes for research and data sharing support decision‐making by persons with dementia, protect them from exploitation, and promote the common good. Broad consent designed to endure beyond a loss of capacity and combined with ongoing oversight can best achieve these goals. Persons with dementia should be supported to make decisions and enabled to express their will and preferences about participation in advance of a loss of capacity. Regulatory frameworks should clarify who can act as a representative for research decisions. By promoting harmonization of consent practices across institutions, sectors, and countries, we hope to facilitate data sharing to accelerate progress in dementia research, care, and prevention.