bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravesical Delivery Enhances Anti-Tumor Efficacy by Activating CD8+ T Cells with High CD69 and Low PD-1 Expression in Bladder Cancer.
Authors: Chen Rui , Ding Shuangfeng , Fu Xiaocong , Liu Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Bladder cancer is recognized as one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the urinary system. The conventional treatment approach for bladder cancer typically involves a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the efficacy of current treatment modalities remains suboptimal, prompting ongoing efforts to develop novel and more effective therapeutic strategies to better address the clinical demands of bladder cancer management.
In this study, we utilized the orthotopic mouse model to assess the effectiveness of intravesical conventional chemotherapy alone and in combination with immunotherapy for treating bladder cancer. The anti-tumor effect was analyzed by determining bioluminescence imaging (BLI), while histopathological analysis was conducted to evaluate the tumor proliferation and invasion capabilities upon treatment. Additionally, alterations in the immune microenvironment within different treatment methods were studied through flow cytometry for various T-cell markers.
BLI and tumor weights analysis revealed that the intravesical route of doxorubicin administration produced better treatment efficacy than the conventional chemotherapy through the intraperitoneal route and combination of doxorubicin and anti-PD-L1 i.p administration. Histopathological analysis and proliferation markers (Ki-67 staining) revealed significant differences across the intravesical, conventional chemotherapy, and immune combination therapy groups. Importantly, intravesical treatment was more effective in reducing tumor cell proliferation compared to the other groups. FACS analysis revealed the route of administration significantly impacted the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that both intravesical and conventional doxorubicin chemotherapy led to a significant decrease in CD8+ T cell expression (p < 0.01), while intravesical treatment exhibited a more pronounced activation of CD8+ T cells, as evidenced by increased CD69 expression. Treg cells also showed moderate reductions in the conventional chemotherapy and immune combination therapy groups. Notably, the intravesical approach activated CD8+ T cells more effectively and reduced the expression of the exhaustion marker PD-1 compared to immune combination therapy. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of intravesical doxorubicin delivery to activate CD8+ T cells and reduce immune exhaustion, enhancing its anti-tumor efficacy. These results suggest that intravesical administration may be a viable treatment option for bladder cancer in clinical settings.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Induced Abortion among Women of Kazakhstan: cross-sectional study
Authors: Blushinova Ayaulym , Orazalina Ainash , Shalgumbayeva Gulnar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background. Unsafe abortion accounts for a significant proportion of maternal deaths. Different studies show that the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to induced abortion are limited among women. Therefore, determining the level of knowledge attitude and practice among women towards induced abortion is important
Objective to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards to induced abortion among women of Kazakhstan.
Methods The cross-sectional study was employed among 240 women from different region of Kazakhstan from Mart to August, 2023. We used a convenience sampling for this study. The questionnaire was developed independently in accordance with international findings and experience and underwent a validation process. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Quantitative and qualitative variables are presented as frequency/percentage. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with history of abortion. Statistical significance was defined at a p-value < 0.05 and a corresponding 95% confidence interval.
Result In this study, the majority of the survey participants (74.6%) are familiar with abortion methods. two-thirds (61.7%) of women had medium level of knowledge. Only 66 (27.5%) of respondent had positive attitude towards induced abortion. General practice to abortion of half study population was revealed as medium (49.3%). 67 (27.9%) participants had history of abortion. Living in Southern Kazakhstan [AOR=0.786: 95%CI (0.276, 2.242)], in Eastern Kazakhstan [AOR=0.635: 95%CI (0.216, 1.870)], and in the Central and Northern regions [AOR=0.287: 95%CI (0.106-0.779)], a history of 3-4 pregnancies [AOR=10.16: 95%CI (1.879, 54.89), five or more pregnancies [AOR=9.911: 95%CI (1.557, 63.07)], and one to two pregnancies [AOR=1.414: 95%CI (0.289, 6.905)] were associated with history of abortion.
Conclusions. Participants’ knowledge had medium level and majority of the subjects had negative attitudes regarding induced abortion. Half of study participants had medium level towards the practice for induced abortion. Factors associated with history of induced abortion were region of living, quantity of pregnancy
Genetic Parameters Estimation and Identification of Promising Rice Genotypes Grown in Normal Irrigation Condition Using MGIDI Index
Authors: Roka Punam , Adhikari Bhim Nath , Shrestha Suraj , Roka Dikshya , Adhikari Avilasha , Dawadi Dharma Raj 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was first domesticated in China around 9,000 years ago, is a key global food source providing approximately 130 kilocalories per 100-gram serving, and the global rice market is projected to reach a record production of 527.6 million tons in 2024/25. The Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) is an effective tool for selecting desirable genotypes in breeding programs, aimed at enhancing genetic diversity and crop performance by integrating multiple traits into a single score using weighted Euclidean distance and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This study evaluated 24 rice genotypes, including twenty-two pipeline varieties from the National Rice Research Program and two control varieties, using the MGIDI and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (FAI-BLUP) methods. Significant genotype effects (p < 0.005) were observed for days to flowering (DTF) and days to maturity (DTM), indicating strong genetic control. In contrast, moderate effects were noted for leaf number (LN) and grain yield (YD). Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.2 for tiller number (TN) to 1 for DTF, with DTM also exhibiting high Heritability (> 0.8). Three principal components were retained, explaining 79.5% of the total trait variation, with factor Analysis grouping traits into three factors: FA1 (DTF, DTM, YD), FA2 (TN, LN), and FA3 (PLL, PASQM). Selection gains for MGIDI were 11.99% for traits targeted for enhancement and − 4.78% for traits requiring reduction, while FAI-BLUP showed gains of 3.30% for leaf number (LN) and 1.96% for tiller number (TN). Selected genotypes included IR13N152, NR2191-21-1-1-1-1, and NR2224-7-1-1-2-2. The analysis highlighted NR 2191-2-1-1-1-1-1 as performing well across traits, while SVIN 372 exhibited overall weaknesses. MGIDI and FAI-BLUP effectively identified superior genotypes, contributing to balanced trait selection and enhanced breeding efficiency.
Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Duan Xiang , Wu Taimin , Deng Weixi , Yang Bing Xiang , Luo Dan , Xie Yaofei , Liu Lianzhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Investigate the current state of insomnia among secondary vocational school students, identify its influencing factors, and explore potential mechanisms of action.
Methods
The study population consisted of 2150 students (968 male, 1182 female) enrolled in a secondary vocational school in Wuhan, China. A cross-sectional research design was employed for the purpose of analyzing the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrap.
Results
Adolescents with poorer family functioning, higher levels of paranoid personality traits, and higher levels of anxiety are more likely to experience insomnia. There was a significant direct association between family functioning and insomnia (β = -0.153, p < 0.001). Paranoid personality traits and anxiety were not only significant independent mediators in the relationship between family functioning and insomnia (paranoid personality traits: β = 0.021, 95% CI: [-0.035, -0.008]; anxiety: β = 0.173, 95% CI: [-0.204,-0.114]), but also chain mediators (β = 0.059, 95% CI: [-0. 073,-0.048]).
Conclusion
Managing insomnia in secondary vocational school students requires familial and individual strategies, including reducing family conflict, improving family functioning, and addressing cognitive biases and anxiety.
Compound probiotic alleviates hyperuricemia-induced renal injury via restoring gut microbiota and metabolism
Authors: Liu Ping , Hu Ping , Jin Meiping , Sun Weiqian , Wu Jiajun , Tang Yuyan , Shi Danye , Ting Xie , Tong Yijing , Huang Lusheng , Zhang Dongliang , Zheng Hui , Xu Xudong , He Haidong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To investigate the role and mechanisms of intestinal microbiota in hyperuricemia-induced renal injury, renal failure models were established using unilateral nephrectomized mice. Following four weeks of a diet supplemented with adenine and potassium oxalate, a probiotic intervention was implemented. H&E staining and plasma biochemical assessments were employed to monitor renal pathological and functional alterations. Changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed through fecal microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and non-targeted metabolomics. The compound probiotic was found to alleviate renal functional impairment and interstitial fibrosis associated with hyperuricemia, while also reducing oxidative stress, mitophagy, and apoptosis in renal tubules. Furthermore, probiotics enhanced the diversity of the intestinal flora, significantly increasing the abundance of Prevotella_9, Dorea, and unclassified Bacteroidota, while decreasing the abundance of unclassified Desulfovibrio. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that probiotic intervention upregulates arginine and proline metabolism, as well as tyrosine metabolism in feces. Additionally, it enhances the metabolism of arginine, proline, valine, leucine, and isoleucine in plasma. Sulfocholic acid and urocanic acid were negatively correlated with indicators of oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis, while L-proline in plasma also exhibited a negative correlation with these parameters. The compound probiotic may ameliorate kidney damage resulting from hyperuricemia by restoring the imbalance of intestinal flora and mitigating metabolite loss in plasma and feces. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysregulation associated with hyperuricemia, as well as phagocytosis-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that probiotic supplementation could serve as a promising intervention for renal injury induced by hyperuricemia.
Novel ACSL5 Gene Mutation Causing Failure to Thrive: A Case Report
Authors: Vafadar Mehdi , Saeedi Vahid , Zarei Elham , Kamalzadeh Leila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Failure to thrive (FTT) in pediatrics is often attributed to various factors, including genetic anomalies. Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain 5 (ACSL5), a critical player in fatty acid metabolism, has emerged as a candidate in monogenic causes of FTT. This case report presents a female infant with severe FTT, whose clinical course was marked by abnormal growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, and metabolic disturbances. Whole Exome Sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (Chr10-114182186 G>A; c.G1748A: p.G583D) in the ACSL5 gene, linking her condition to impaired fatty acid activation and palmitoylation. The patient's response to a low-fat formula containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) showcased the potential of targeted therapy. Our study adds to the limited knowledge of ACSL5 deficiency, highlighting the clinical significance of genetic testing and the role of fatty acid metabolism in pediatric health.
Self-compassion, body appreciation, and eating disorder symptoms: A diary study
Authors: Batchelor Rachel , O'Leary Bree , Egan Sarah J , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Body image concerns and disordered eating are common among young adults. Previous research has shown that self-compassion is associated with less disordered eating and greater body appreciation. However, the majority of this research has examined between-person associations. The aim of this study was to examine dynamic within-person associations between self-compassion, body appreciation, and disordered eating in young adults.
Methods
Fifty-seven participants (40 females, 17 males) (mean = 25.28, standard deviation = 3.09, age range 18–30 years) aiming to lose weight reported their levels of self-compassion, body appreciation, and disordered eating twice daily over a one-week period.
Results
The findings showed that when participants were more self-compassionate, they expressed more body appreciation and engaged in less disordered eating. Further, when participants reported higher levels of body appreciation, they reported engaging in less disordered eating.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that further research should examine whether fostering self-compassion and body appreciation may be putative targets to reduce disordered eating in young adults who aim to lose weight.
Level of evidence
Level III Evidence obtained from welldesigned cohort or case control analytic studies.
Surveillance and Characterization of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex from China, 2015-2018
Authors: Ye Kun , Zhang Yongqing , Qiu Xuemei , Ye Liyan , Ma Yanning , Yang Jiyong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: The carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC) has become a global health concern. However, our understanding of its epidemiological trends and resistance mechanisms still needs to be improved.
Methods: 92 non-repetitive clinical CREC isolates were collected from 12 hospitals across China and identified using MALDI-TOF MS, rMLST, ANI, MASH, and dDDH. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined via broth microdilution. Resistance genes and plasmid replicons were identified using ResFinder and PlasmidFinder. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone suppression test and OmpC and OmpF overexpression test were conducted on 32 non-carbapenemase-producing (NCP) isolates. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with kSNP4 and visualized through iTOL.
Results: Among the 92 CREC isolates, E. hormaechei was predominate (76 isolates), followed by E. kobei (five isolates). Within E. hormaechei, E. hormaechei subsp xiangfangensis was the most widespread subspecies. Sixty isolates produced carbapenemase, with blaNDM-1 identified in 36 isolates, blaKPC-2 in six isolates, and blaNDM-5 in six isolates. Two isolates harbored both blaNDM-1 and blaKPC-2. Thirty-two isolates were NCP isolates, primarily due to carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone suppression.
Conclusions: Among CREC in China, the blaNDM-1 was the dominant carbapenemase-coding gene. For NCP isolates, efflux pumps was the main reason for carbapenem resistance, and susceptibility could be restored in an antibiotic-free environment.
Rumen fermentation profile and anti-methanogenic properties of Mango and Avocado byproducts as feed ingredients and supplements
Authors: Jalal Hassan , Sucu Ekin , Cavallini Damiano , Giammarco Melania , Akram Muhammad Zeeshan , Karkar Büşra , Gao Min , Pompei Luigi , López Jorge Eduardo Angulo , Prasinou Paraskevi , Fusaro Isa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Fruit byproducts represent a sustainable alternative to conventional feed for ruminants, addressing food-feed competition and environmental concerns. Two experiments were performed to investigate the use of mango and avocado byproducts as feed ingredients and supplements, focusing on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and rumen fermentation characteristics. Experiment 1 assessed these parameters for mango peel (MP), mango seed kernel (MSK), mango seed coat (MSC), avocado peel (AP), and avocado seed (AS). Experiment 2 evaluated rumen fermentation parameters using a control (200 mg alfalfa hay) and four treatments, each with 200 mg alfalfa hay supplemented with 15 mg beta-cyclodextrin microencapsulated extracts: MPE (mango peel microencapsulated extract), APE (avocado peel microencapsulated extract), MSKE (mango seed kernel microencapsulated extract), or ASE (avocado seed microencapsulated extract). MSK had the highest crude protein content, whereas AP had the highest ether content. MSC and AP presented the highest fiber fractions. AP and MP showed higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. In experiment 1, MSK, AS and MP resulted in greater invitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, and cumulative gas production compared to MSC and AP. AS, MSC, and MSK presented higher acetate to propionate ratios than MP and AP did. MSK resulted in the highest methane concentration, while AP and MSC produced the lowest. Ammonia nitrogen was highest in AP and lowest in MSC. In experiment 2, MSKE, ASE and the control had the highest cumulative gas production, followed by APE and MPE. Compared with the other treatments, APE reduced both the acetate-to-propionate ratio and methane production. Compared with the control, all the encapsulated extracts lowered the ammonia nitrogen concentration. Overall, MP, MSK, and AS have emerged as the most promising ingredients because of their relatively high digestibility, metabolizable energy, and fermentation efficiency, whereas APE and MPE have potential as feed supplements for reducing methane production.
Exploring the Impact of Cash-Based Interventions on Alleviating Food Insecurity Among Displaced Populations Amidst COVID-19: A Case Study of Cox Bazar, Bangladesh.
Authors: Achore Meshack , Abu Thelma , Mbaya Pindar Yawulda , Yeboah Eugene Osei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Food insecurity is a significant issue impacting millions of people compelled to abandon their homes due to conflict, natural disasters, or economic difficulties. Cash incentives have become a critical mitigating tool in alleviating the food insecurity challenges of these displaced populations amid COVID-19. This paper examines the determinants of food insecurity and how cash incentives alleviate food insecurity among displaced populations. The study used the 2020–2021 high-frequency survey data to achieve this objective. The high-frequency survey continues the 2019 Cox Bazar Panel Survey baseline, representative research of Rohingya displaced after 2017 in host communities in Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar district. Receiving cash transfers (incentives) is significantly associated with lower odds of experiencing food insecurity (OR = 0.19, CI = 0.91-0.380). Female participants have higher odds (OR = 3.44, CI = 1.41-5.36) of experiencing food insecurity than their male counterparts. Being a recipient of assistance from UN agencies was associated with slightly lower odds (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.69-0.97) of experiencing food insecurity. To achieve sustainable food security, we must integrate cash incentives into a comprehensive social support system that includes employment initiatives, affordable housing, healthcare, and education. This holistic strategy can address the underlying reasons why people face food insecurity, giving them the tools and chances to become stable in the long term and less reliant on short-term monetary incentives.
A Colloidal Nanofoundry for Catalytically Active Solid-Liquid-Solid Nanoparticles
Authors: Boulanger Coline , Esteban Daniel Arenas , Kumar Krishna , Leemans Jari , Albertini Petru , You Haoxuan , Assendjee Eachann , Stoian Dragos , Bals Sara , Buonsanti Raffaella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Nanoreactors represent a unique strategy to synthesize nanoclusters and nanoparticles with a diverse chemical nature and with a level of tunability that is difficult to achieve with conventional methods. Liquid metals (LMs) have emerged as an intriguing medium for materials synthesis, which hints at opportunities to their use as nanoreactors. Yet, their underdeveloped chemistry at the nanoscale has so far hindered the full exploitation of this research direction. Herein, we advance the chemical knowledge on the synthesis of LM nanoparticles (NPs) and demonstrate their use as a novel type of nanoreactor to access well-defined multi-metallic NPs. We propose a novel approach for the synthesis of colloidal solid-liquid-solid core-shell-shell NPs wherein a solid metal core (i.e. Ag, Au, Cu, Pd) is embedded into a liquid Ga NP surrounded by its native oxide skin. Using state of the art characterization tools, including in-situ electron microscopy and X-Ray absorption spectroscopy, we learn that a dissolution and recrystallization of the solid core within the liquid Ga NP occurs during the synthesis. We leverage this understanding to access unprecedented multi-metallic NPs, exemplified by Ag-Au nanodimers, within the liquid Ga shell. Finally, we demonstrate how the synergistic interactions between the solid metal core, the liquid Ga domain and the oxide skin are promising to explore these materials as a new class of electrocatalysts. The findings of this work deepen our understanding of LM NPs and advance the ability to design these unique nanomaterials with tailored properties for various applications using a novel nanoreactor strategy.
Structural Optimization Applied to Submarine Pressure Hulls
Authors: Shinoka Thiago Kenji Leao , Netto Theodoro Antoun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Submarine pressure hulls are designed in such a way that the total buoyancy is balanced by the total weight to maintain a specific desired water depth. Structural efficiency is, therefore, translated directly into a better payload and deeper operational range. This paper presents a study of the effectiveness of three optimization tools for the problem of minimizing the weight of pressure hulls: Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm (PS) and Simulated Annealing (SA). Their convergence rate and final resulting structure were compared using an analytical model. The influence of the primary dimensions, design pressure and variations in the partial safety factors are also factored into the evaluation of the optimization tools. Once optimal structures according to different partial safety factors are attained, these are verified with Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) models considering an initial imperfection and with hydrostatic external pressure applied using the path-following Riks method. The results of this study indicate that the DE is the most effective method for the proposed problem among the tools evaluated and that the implementation of optimization tools in early design stages could potentially reduce the weight and improve the payload of submarines.