bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Catastrophic Failure to Build a Massive Galaxy around a Supermassive Black Hole at z = 3.84
Authors: Schramm M. , Rujopakarn W. , Silverman J. D. , Nagao T. , Schulze A. , Akiyama M. , Ikeda H. , Ohta K. , Kotilainen J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present observations of the stellar and molecular gas mass of SDSS J163909+282447.1, a luminous quasar at z = 3.84 with an extreme mass for a supermassive black hole (SMBH; M
BH = 2.5 × 1010
M
⊙). The local SMBH mass–galaxy mass relation predicts a massive host galaxy with M
stellar ≳ 1012
M
⊙ for this quasar. Based on sensitive near-infrared imaging with adaptive optics (AO) using Subaru, the stellar light from the host is undetected, thus resulting in an upper limit on the mass, M
stellar < 6.3 × 1010
M
⊙, a factor of ≳16 less than expected. The CO(4 − 3) observations at 0.″2 resolution using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array indicate a molecular gas mass from CO of

M
⊙ and a dynamical mass within a radius of 0.45 ± 0.2 kpc of

M
⊙. With the SMBH accounting for ∼60% of the dynamical mass and considering the amount of molecular gas, we find an upper limit on the stellar mass to be M
stellar ≲ 1.5 × 1010
M
⊙, a value consistent with the limit from Subaru AO imaging. Based on these results, this SMBH has one of the largest host stellar mass deficits known given its SMBH mass; hence, it is unclear how to grow a SMBH/host galaxy to such a state since there is not enough molecular gas available to form a substantial amount of stellar mass to make up for the difference. Any physical model is likely to require an earlier phase of super-Eddington accretion onto the SMBH.
Positive and Negative Feedback of AGN Outflows in NGC 5728
Authors: Shin Jaejin , Woo Jong-Hak , Chung Aeree , Baek Junhyun , Cho Kyuhyoun , Kang Daeun , Bae Hyun-Jin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present a spatially resolved analysis of ionized and molecular gas in a nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy, NGC 5728, using the Very Large Telescope/MUSE and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data. We find ionized gas outflows out to ∼2 kpc scales, which encounter the star formation ring at 1 kpc radius. The star formation rate of the encountering region is significantly high (∼1.8 M
⊙ yr kpc−2) compared to other regions in the ring. In contrast, the CO (2−1) emission is significantly weaker by a factor of ∼3.5, indicating very high star formation efficiency. These results support the positive feedback scenario that the active galactic nucleus (AGN)-driven outflows compress the ISM in the ring, enhancing the star formation activity. In addition, we detect outflow regions outside of spiral arms, in which gas is likely to be removed from the spiral arms and no clear sign of star formation is detected. The overall impact of AGN outflows on the global star formation in NGC 5728 is limited, suggesting the feedback of the low-luminosity AGNs is insignificant.
Stellar Mass Growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxy Progenitors in COSMOS Since z ∼ 3
Authors: Cooke Kevin C. , Kartaltepe Jeyhan S. , Tyler K. D. , Darvish Behnam , Casey Caitlin M. , Fèvre Olivier Le , Salvato Mara , Scoville Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examine the role of environment on the in situ star formation (SF) hosted by the progenitors of the most massive galaxies in the present-day universe, the brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), from z ∼ 3 to present in the COSMOS field. Progenitors are selected from the COSMOS field using a stellar mass cut motivated by the evolving cumulative comoving number density of progenitors within the Illustris simulation, as well as the Millennium-II simulation and a constant comoving number density method for comparison. We characterize each progenitor using far-ultraviolet–far-infrared observations taken from the COSMOS field and fitting stellar, dust, and active galactic nucleus components to their spectral energy distributions. Additionally, we compare the SF rates of our progenitor sample to the local density maps of the COSMOS field to identify the effects of environment. We find that BCG progenitors evolve in three stages, starting with an in situ SF-dominated phase (z > 2.25). This is followed by a phase until z ∼ 1.25 where mass growth is driven by in situ SF and stellar mass deposited by mergers (both gas rich and poor) on the same order of magnitude independent of local environment. Finally, at low redshift dry mergers are the dominant stellar mass generation process. We also identify this final transition period as the time when progenitors quench, exhibiting quiescent NUVrJ colors.
La route : quel espace graphique ?
Authors: Berthou Benoît 
Published: August 2019

Peut-on concevoir une route sans inscriptions ? Permettre une circulation, ériger le déplacement au rang de trajectoire : autant d’ambitions qui ne semblent trouver solution qu’à travers la définition d’une signalétique mobilisant balises, repères ou indications. Lignes continues, discontinues, zébras, typographies représenteraient ainsi l’essence de la route, et nous proposons de les aborder au regard d’une hypothèse : le propre de la route est de nier toute forme de créativité du trait, de ne jamais se définir comme graphique. Nous appréhenderons ainsi dans un premier temps la route à travers une singulière entreprise : la construction d’un code instituant graphiquement l’information et bannissant toute forme d’équivoque. Le mettant par la suite en perspective vis-à-vis d’autres systèmes graphiques propres aux transports (rail et air), nous nous demanderons si la route ne dépend pas d’une certaine attitude face à l’information : aux points de vue « sémantiques » et « esthétiques » chers à Abraham Moles, il faudrait ajouter une approche « signalétique ».
La Première Guerre mondiale au miroir de la bande dessinée
Authors: Robert Pascal 
Published: August 2019

La bande dessinée, si elle raconte la Première Guerre mondiale, permet aussi de la comprendre. Cet article propose de travailler avec la notion de décor-actant (et de corps-décor-actant, à l’instar des mutilés ou des morts) pour montrer comment le décor, par l’information qu’il offre aux lecteurs, permet de mettre en scène des formes d’intelligibilité, voire même des modes de raisonnement graphiques. Il s’appuie sur les œuvres majeures de J. Tardi et D. Vandermeulen, qui offrent deux visions contrastées de la guerre à travers deux styles graphiques éloignés. Vision privilégiée du poilu d’un côté, vision des rapports de pouvoir entre mondes scientifiques, industriels, politiques et militaires de l’autre ; vision morale d’un côté, vision politique de l’autre. Ce que le décor, qui s’avère loin d’être un décorum (comme le souligne P. Fresnault-Deruelle) met en scène et (dé)montre avec pertinence.
Sur les pas de Verón… Une approche des nouvelles conditions de circulation du sens à l’ère contemporaine
Authors: Carlón Mario , Gomez-Mejia Gustavo , Cortinovis Odile 
Published: August 2019

Cet article propose un retour sur l’œuvre de Verón, en particulier ses théories sur la médiatisation, sur la circulation du sens (communication) et sur les énonciateurs et énonciataires (institutions, médias, collectifs d’acteurs individuels et individus). L’auteur montre comment Verón a effectué une caractérisation aiguë des situations moderne et postmoderne à partir de ces différents niveaux et propose un dispositif analytique pour étudier les dimensions spatiale et temporelle de la circulation contemporaine, caractérisée par des contenus qui « voyagent » des réseaux sociaux aux médias de masse et vice-versa. L’approche des nouvelles conditions de la circulation du sens semble alors essentielle pour rendre compte des changements de notre culture médiatique contemporaine.
Eternal Duration: Milton on God's Justice in Everlasting Time
Authors: Schuler Stephen J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Orthodox theology generally holds that God is eternal, which means that he exists in a state of absolute timelessness. John Milton, however, believed that God experiences the passage of time just as angels and humans do, except that God has always existed and that time extends infinitely into the past. Both Milton's Christian Doctrine and Art of Logic indicate that God exists in time. In Paradise Lost Milton tends to use the language of eternity metaphorically rather than literally, and he never uses such language to describe timelessness. His depiction of God the Father existing and acting in time is not a concession to the limitations of narrative; Milton believed that God actually exists in time. Milton's conception of time and eternity is not widely acknowledged, but it is essential to his insistence on radical free will and to his mythopoetic efforts to justify God's providence.
Paper Angels: Paradise Lost and the European State System
Authors: Werlin Julianne 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
This article contextualizes Paradise Lost within Milton's work for the Council of State during the Commonwealth and Protectorate. Drawing on archival research and scholarship on the history of diplomacy, it argues that modes of angelic association in Milton's heaven reflect emerging forms of international relations. As a post-Westphalian Europe began to negotiate new kinds of treaties and compacts, the role of communications in forming enduring alliances between sovereign entities became increasingly salient. Looking at angelic society from this perspective helps to explain the focus of Milton's narrative; it also sheds light on the crucial but largely neglected question of why Satan's followers join him in rebellion.
Erfrecht in de onderwereld (deel IV): de nabestaanden
Authors: van der Geld L.A.G.M. 
Published: August 2019

Erfrecht in de onderwereld (deel IV): de nabestaanden
Aan de hand van twee recente uitspraken wordt ingegaan op de afgeleide onrechtmatige daad en de affectieschade. Er kan secundaire aansprakelijkheid zijn als er sprake is van een afgeleide onrechtmatige daad. Waren de ouders van Tristan van der V. zich ervan bewust dat hun zoon derden leed zou gaan betrokkenen? Het Hof Den Haag deed er onlangs uitspraak over. De ouders en broer van Anne Faber hebben affectieschade gevorderd. In het hoger beroep van Michael P. werd daar onlangs door het Hof Arnhem-Leeuwarden een uitspraak over gedaan. De mogelijkheid om affectieschade te vorderen (in het strafrechtelijke proces) is op 1 januari 2019 ingegaan.
Theoretical Investigation into the Change in the Number of Water Molecules in Solvent Inaccessible Region of an Enzyme and Enzyme-substrate Complex
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu Iloh , Onigbinde Abraham Olalere 
Published: August 2019

Background: There may be dry enzymes, but water remains indispensable for the catalytic action of enzymes. There is not as much interest in how the presence of a drug such as aspirin and a psychoactive compound such as ethanol may affect the water-mediated role of the enzyme.
Objectives: The objectives of this research are: 1) To assess the changes in the number of water molecules interacting with the enzyme-substrate complex and the solvent inaccessible region of a protein, 2) to determine the free energy difference due to preferential solvation and hydration, and 3) to re-examine theoretical issues in literature and relate them to the interpretation of the results.
Methods: A major theoretical research and minor experimentation using Bernfeld method.
Results and Discussion: The presence of ethanol/aspirin alone yielded only dehydration of the osmolyte inaccessible region and the enzyme substrate complex (ES). There was positive free energy difference (DDG) if the equilibrium constant for hydration change (Keq(1))> the equilibrium constant for folding-unfolding transition (Keq(3)); it is negative where Keq(3)> Keq(1). Analysis of various models made them valuable for the interpretation of result for feature application.
Conclusion: The change in the number of water molecules in an osmolyte inaccessible region of the enzyme and those interacting with the ES may be either positive or negative due respectively to sucrose and ethanol/aspirin. The spontaneity of two processes, hydration and folding-unfolding transition, the free energy difference, differs. The model for water stripping, preferential interaction concept, and the KBI for osmolation and hydration can guide the interpretation of the effects of any cosolute.
Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli from Urine of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infections in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria
Authors: Nkene I. H. , Ngwai Y. B. , Bassey E. B. , Pennap G. R. I. , Makut M. D. , Abimiku R. H. , Ibrahim T. , Tsaku P. A. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli from the urine of patients with suspected urinary tract infections in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample was obtained from the Federal Medical Center, Keffi and analyzed at Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria, between January and April 2018.
Methodology: Three hundred and eighty urine samples were collected and E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for the isolates was carried out and interpreted as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.
Results: The occurrence of the bacterium was 12.9% (49/380). The occurrence in relation to the gender of the patients was higher in the female (15.5%) than the male (9.8%); in relation to age, it was highest at 11-20 years (23.5%) but lowest at > 50 years (2.3%). The isolates were more resistant to ampicillin (81.6%), streptomycin and sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprime (75.0%) but less resistant to gentamycin (30.6%), and imipenem (22.4%). The occurrences of different classes of resistance were multidrug resistance (MDR) (93.9%) and pan drug resistance (4.2%). Most of the isolates were more resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotic and were also MDR isolates.
Conclusion: The need to review antibiotic use by the hospital is thus justified.
Quantifying pesticide efficacy from multiple field trials
Authors: Sudo Masaaki , Yamanaka Takehiko , Miyai Shun'ichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSimple corrected density indices (CDIs) have been used to measure reductions in pest density in fields. In the contemporary pesticide registration system, few comprehensive statistical frameworks are available that can integrate multiple datasets to evaluate how pesticidal effects are influenced by the products' properties such as mixing multiple active ingredients and possession of systemic ability. In this study, we provide a statistical framework for evaluating pesticide efficacy from multiple field trials and applying it to contemporary pesticides. In this framework, we extended the conventional CDI to a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), which we applied to a dataset of the pesticide registration test in Japan (n = 758). The estimated mortality of a single active ingredient in reducing pest density is 88.0%, indicating the registered pesticide satisfies the “effective” criterion (roughly 70–95%) under the current pesticide registration system in Japan. Although systemic ability additionally reduced pest population to 55.5% of the post‐treatment densities, the addition of active ingredients scarcely enhances efficacy (reducing population to 74.6%), suggesting that the pesticide design resulted in broadening the spectrum of target species rather than increasing toxicity.
Violent video games exposure and aggression: The role of moral disengagement, anger, hostility, and disinhibition
Authors: Yao Mengyun , Zhou Yuhong , Li Jiayu , Gao Xuemei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on the General Aggression Model (GAM), the current study investigated the interactive effect of personal factors (e.g., sensation‐seeking) and situational factors (e.g., violent video games exposure [VVGE]) on the trait aggressive behavior, and the mediating role of individual difference trait (e.g., moral disengagement, anger, and hostility). We recruited 547 undergraduates (48.45% male) from five Chinese universities. The results showed that VVGE was positively associated with moral disengagement, disinhibition, and the four aggressive traits (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility), which were positively associated with each other. Moral disengagement was positively associated with both the disinhibition and the four aggressive traits. Disinhibition was positively associated with the four aggressive traits as well. When controlled for gender, moral disengagement, anger, and hostility wholly mediated the relationship between VVGE and aggression, but the moderation effect of disinhibition was not significant. These findings support the framework of GAM and indicate that moral disengagement, anger, and hostility may be the factors that increase the risk of a higher level of aggression following repeated exposure to violent video games.
Novel model reference adaptive control architecture using semi‐initial excitation‐based switched parameter estimator
Authors: Basu Roy Sayan , Bhasin Shubhendu 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis paper is a generalization of the recently developed techniques of initial excitation (IE)–based adaptive control with an introduction to the definition of semi‐initial excitation (semi‐IE), a still more relaxed notion than IE. Classical adaptive controllers typically ensure Lyapunov stability of the extended error dynamics (tracking error + parameter estimation error) and asymptotic tracking, while requiring a stringent condition of persistence of excitation (PE) for parameter convergence. Of late, the authors have proposed a new adaptive control architecture, which guarantees parameter convergence under the online‐verifiable IE condition leading to exponential stability of the extended error dynamics. In earlier works, it has been established that the IE condition is significantly milder than the classical PE condition. The current work further slackens the excitation condition by proposing the concept of semi‐IE. The proposed adaptive controller is proved to ensure convergence of the parameter estimation error to a lower‐dimensional manifold under the weaker semi‐IE condition, while the stronger condition of IE guarantees convergence of the parameter estimation error to zero. The designed algorithm is shown to improve transient response of tracking error sufficiently in contrast to conventional adaptive controllers.
In Operando Characterization and Control over Intermittent Light Emission from Molecular Tunnel Junctions via Molecular Backbone Rigidity
Authors: Wang Tao , Du Wei , Tomczak Nikodem , Wang Lejia , Nijhuis Christian A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn principle, excitation of surface plasmons by molecular tunnel junctions can be controlled at the molecular level. Stable electrical excitation sources of surface plasmons are therefore desirable. Herein, molecular junctions are reported where tunneling charge carriers excite surface plasmons in the gold bottom electrodes via inelastic tunneling and it is shown that the intermittent light emission (blinking) originates from conformational dynamics of the molecules. The blinking rates, in turn, are controlled by changing the rigidity of the molecular backbone. Power spectral density analysis shows that molecular junctions with flexible aliphatic molecules blink, while junctions with rigid aromatic molecules do not.
Likelihood of meeting defined VATER/VACTERL phenotype in infants with esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Guptha Sushma , Shumate Charles , Scheuerle Angela E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEsophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is a foregut defect that is a major component of the VATER/VACTERL association. The specific diagnostic criteria for the VATER/VACTERL association phenotype have changed over time. The current definition is presence of at least three of the following: Vertebral defects, Anal atresia, Cardiac defects, TE fistula, or Renal and Limb anomalies in the absence of a specific genetic diagnosis. Using the Texas Birth Defect Registry, 1,175 cases of EA+/−TEF (174 EA; 1,001 EA + TEF) were evaluated against strict definitions of VATER/VACTERL. Nine (5.2%) cases of EA alone and 164 (16.3%) cases of EA + TEF met criteria for a diagnosis of VATER; and 20 (11.5%) and 223 (22.2%), respectively, met criteria for VACTERL. Trisomy 21, Trisomy 18, 22q11 deletion, and CHARGE were the most common syndromic diagnoses. About 88.5% (154) cases of EA and 77.8% (778) cases of EA + TEF were likely not to meet the criteria for VACTERL. EA+/−TEF is more likely to be an isolated defect or part of a multiple malformation syndrome in a pattern other than VACTERL, than be part of the defined association. This study reinforces the need to consider broader evaluation for alternate diagnoses in the presence of these defects.
From congenital microcephaly to adult onset cerebellar ataxia: Distinct and overlapping phenotypes in patients with PNKP gene mutations
Authors: Gatti Marta , Magri Stefania , Nanetti Lorenzo , Sarto Elisa , Di Bella Daniela , Salsano Ettore , Pantaleoni Chiara , Mariotti Caterina , Taroni Franco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPathogenic variants in polynucleotide kinase 3′‐phosphatase (PNKP) gene have been associated with two distinct clinical presentations: autosomal recessive microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay (MCSZ; MIM 613402) and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 4 (AOA4; MIM 616267). More than 40 patients have been reported so far, and their clinical presentations revealed a continuum phenotypic spectrum ranging from congenital microcephaly and early‐onset intractable seizures, to adult onset slowly progressive sensory‐motor neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia. We describe three unrelated Italian patients with different phenotypes and novel or recurrent pathogenic variants in PNKP gene. Patient 1, homozygous for the recurrent frameshift variant (p.Thr424Glyfs*49), had an early‐onset MCSZ phenotype. Late in the disease progression, cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy were recognized. Patient 2, homozygous for a frameshift variant (p.Ala429Thrfs*42), presented a phenotype partially consistent with MCSZ including microcephaly and developmental delay, but without seizures. Patient 3 is one of the oldest patients described to date and presented polyneuropathy, and cerebellar signs. Biochemical tests showed abnormalities of cholesterol, albumin, or alpha‐fetoprotein plasma levels. The clinical presentation of our patients encompassed early‐to‐adult‐onset manifestations. For these cases, the long clinical follow‐up allowed an in‐depth phenotypic characterization and a better delineation of the natural history of patients carrying PNKP pathogenic variants.