bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of malignancy on death anxiety and psychological well‐being in middle‐aged and older patients undergoing abdominal surgery: a quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Akbaş Ebru , Yilmaz Eker Pınar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMalignancy is a critical factor affecting death anxiety and psychological well‐being. This study examined the impact of malignancy on death anxiety and psychological well‐being in middle‐aged and older adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery and projected it along with sociodemographic profiles.MethodsThis study is quasi‐experimental in design. It was conducted with patients undergoing abdominal surgery at a university hospital due to suspected malignancy. A total of 93 patients participated in the study: 57 patients diagnosed with malignancy were included in the experimental group, while 36 patients without a malignancy diagnosis were included in the control group. Data were collected using a questionnaire developed by the researchers based on the literature, the ‘Turkish Death Anxiety Scale’, and the ‘Psychological Well‐being Scale’. The analyses revealed that the data were normally distributed, and parametric tests were used to analyze differences between demographic variables and groups. Cohen's d and r values were examined to assess the effect size in the tests.ResultsThe study found a significant difference in death anxiety between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.05), with higher mean scores in the experimental group. Malignancy had a large effect on death anxiety (d = 1.42). Additionally, the control group had significantly higher mean psychological well‐being scores compared to the experimental group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe study found that malignancy significantly affects death anxiety and psychological well‐being. Increased death anxiety in patients with malignancy was associated with reduced psychological well‐being. Thus, assessing death anxiety and providing targeted nursing care are essential for supporting the psychological well‐being of these patients.
Testing the effects of merit appointments and bureaucratic autonomy on governmental performance: Evidence from African bureaucracies
Authors: Fernandez Sergio , Cheema Faisal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAppointing bureaucrats based on merit and protecting them from excessive political interference have become bedrocks of modern bureaucracy. Populist leaders throughout the world, however, are looking to undermine merit systems and politicize bureaucracies. This study analyzes the impact of merit‐based appointments and bureaucratic autonomy on service delivery effectiveness, using longitudinal data from a panel of African countries. Throughout Africa, social, economic, and political conditions have made it difficult for meritocratic and autonomous bureaucracies to take root and flourish as they have elsewhere. Despite these challenges, the study's main finding is that the practice of appointing bureaucrats based on merit has a positive effect on the provision of public services like transportation infrastructure, standardized education, drinking water, sanitation, and waste disposal. Political leaders undercutting meritocratic civil services and expanding patronage appointments do so at their own peril due to the adverse consequences of their actions on governmental performance. Little evidence is found of a relationship between bureaucratic autonomy and service delivery effectiveness.
A generalized multinomial probabilistic model for SARS‐COV‐2 infection prediction and public health intervention assessment in an indoor environment
Authors: Li Victor O. K. , Lam Jacqueline C. K. , Sun Yuxuan , Han Yang , Chan Kelvin , Wang Shanshan , Crowcroft Jon , Downey Jocelyn , Zhang Qi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron and its sub‐lineages have become the predominant variants globally since early 2022. As of January 2023, over 664 million confirmed cases and over 6.7 million deaths had been reported globally. Current infection models are limited by the need for large datasets or calibration to specific contexts, making them difficult to apply to different settings. This study aims to develop a generalized multinomial probabilistic model of airborne infection to assist public health decision‐makers in evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions (PHIs) across a broad spectrum of scenarios. The proposed model systematically incorporates group characteristics, epidemiology, viral loads, social activities, environmental conditions, and PHIs. Assumptions about social distance and contact duration that estimate infectivity during short‐term group gatherings have been made. The study is differentiated from earlier works on probabilistic infection modeling in the following ways: (1) predicting new cases arising from more than one infectious person in a gathering, (2) incorporating additional key infection factors, and (3) evaluating the effectiveness of multiple PHIs on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection simultaneously. Although the results show that limiting group size has an impact on infection, improving ventilation has a much greater positive health impact. The proposed model is versatile and can flexibly accommodate other scenarios or airborne diseases by modifying the parameters allowing new factors to be added.
Conscious selection: Critical consciousness informs cultivation of social networks in a living and learning community
Authors: Kornienko Olga , Burson Esther , Young DaSean L. , Godfrey Erin B. , Garner Pamela W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIncreased popular discourse about societal inequities highlights the importance of critical consciousness (CC) as a developmental competency for youth. Peer dialogue has been implicit to theories of CC, but we know little about how critical reflection, action, and sociopolitical efficacy inform interpersonal mechanisms through which social networks are selected in developmentally salient contexts. We used social network analysis methods to explore the role of CC components in how late adolescents cultivated their peer affiliation and friendship networks within a specific context of a college living and learning community. Participants (n = 37; 67.6% female; Mage = 18.18 years, 56.81% White) nominated individuals with whom they have positive interactions (437 nominations at wave 1) and friendships (157 nominations at wave 1) at two waves. At wave 1, participants reported on their CC components, frequency of daily inequities, and sociodemographic information. Stochastic actor‐oriented models were used to model how CC at wave 1 predicted how youth selected peer affiliations and friendships. Sociopolitical efficacy was positively associated with popularity in the affiliation network and activity in the friendship network. Critical action was negatively associated with both popularity and activity in the affiliation network and activity in the friendship network. These results provide new insights into how CC informs the ways young people cultivate their social networks in developmentally salient settings. This work highlights the need to better understand the relational implications of CC.
The legacy effects of mycorrhizal fungal inoculation alleviate soil nitrogen limitations by modulating the homeostasis of extracellular enzymes and fungal function in arid mining regions
Authors: Bi Yinli , Zhang Ke , Xiao Li , Wang Dongdong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRe‐vegetation types and the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a crucial role in regulating soil conditions and enhancing vegetation cover during ecological restoration in the northern arid mining area. However, the impact of AMF on the balance of soil–plant–microbial ecosystems through its influence on microbial activities remains unclear. Therefore, we studied the influence of AMF on soil nutrient limitation and the soil fungal community in five different vegetation types in the Daliuta reclamation area. Through the measurement of soil extracellular enzyme activity and the analysis of soil fungal communities by high‐throughput sequencing, we found that the ratio of lnBG:ln(NAG + LAP):lnAP in the AMF sample was closer to 1:1:1, and the soil ecological enzyme stoichiometry was more balanced. The results of enzyme vector showed that AMF inoculation could alleviate the restriction of soil nitrogen nutrients. The results of high‐throughput sequencing showed that AMF improved the diversity of soil fungal community by regulating the composition of soil fungal community, and finally alleviated the nitrogen restriction during decomposition. Functional prediction of soil fungi using FUNGuild indicated that the soil fungi present were mainly saprophytic, saprophytic–symbiotic, and pathotroph–saprophytic–symbiotic trophic types. AMF reduced the percentage of pathotroph fungi and also tended to transform saprophytic into saprophytic–symbiotic type. The findings suggest that mycorrhizal reclamation can enhance the homeostasis of extracellular enzyme dynamics by optimizing fungal community structure and modulating fungal functionality, thereby alleviating microbial nutrient constraints and improving plant adaptability to arid environments. This article provides a theoretical underpinning for eco‐friendly mining construction and sustainable ecological development in arid mining areas.
Can soluble organic fertilizers and/or manure reach the agronomic and environmental performance of synthetic fertilizers in drip‐fertigated crops?
Authors: Salinas Jerónimo , Guardia Guillermo , Monistrol Alba , Iglesias‐Díez Susana M. , García‐Gutiérrez Sandra , Jiménez‐Horcajada Rafael , Espín Gabriela , Vallejo Antonio 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe substitution of synthetics by organic fertilizers, which is the current pillar of circular economy, has been broadly evaluated. However, varying results were obtained on nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions as well as crop yields. Besides, in irrigated semi‐arid croplands, drip fertigation has been suggested to be an effective practice for mitigating N2O and NO emissions while maintaining or enhancing agronomic performance. However, the promising combination of drip fertigation and organic fertilization remains poorly studied. By setting up melon (Cucumis melo L.) during 2022, and maize (Zea mays L.) during 2023, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen (N) fertilizers: control without N fertilization, 100% of the N rate as solid manure (100OrM), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as urea (50OrM–50Syn), 50% of the N rate as solid manure and 50% as soluble organic (50OrM–50OrS), 100% of the N rate as urea (100Syn) and 100% of the N rate as soluble organic (100OrS). Urea and soluble organic fertilizers were supplied via drip fertigation. N‐oxides (N2O and NO), methane (CH4) and ecosystem respiration (CO2) fluxes, mineral N (ammonium [NH4+] and nitrate [NO3−]), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and crop parameters were analysed. As regards N2O, no differences were observed between treatments in melon crop, whereas in maize crop, the cumulative emissions were the highest in 100OrM, followed by 50OrM–50Syn. Regarding NO cumulative emissions, in the melon crop were significantly lower in 50OrM–50Syn and 50OrM–50OrS between 34%–54%, compared with 100OrM and 100Syn. In the maize crop, the highest cumulative NO emission was also detected in solid manure treatment. The agronomic response of melon to N fertilization was only detected for total soluble solids (with maximum values in the 100Syn treatment). The combination of solid manure and top‐dressing urea or soluble organic fertilizer prevented the penalties in N use efficiency, which were observed in 100Syn and 100OrS. Therefore, the combination of conventional solid manure at seeding and soluble organic fertilizer at dressing (applied by drip fertigation) was the most sustainable strategy from agronomic and environmental viewpoints in Mediterranean irrigated agroecosystems.
Land use change from rice paddies to upland fields aggravates soil microbial metabolic limitation and reduces soil quality index and ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Kang Longfei , Zhang Guoqiao , Wu Jiamei , Zhang Chunfeng , Zhu Baoguo , Hu Baowei , Wakelin Steve A. , Chu Guixin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith rapid urbanization and economic development, the area of paddy fields has seriously declined in rice‐producing region. However, the impacts of land use change (LUC) on soil enzymatic stoichiometry, microbial metabolic limitations and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) have not been well‐documented. Hence, four adjacent paired soil samples were collected in rice‐producing areas. Soil microbial carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen metabolic limitations were assessed via vector model. The impacts of LUC on soil structure, microbial activity, quality and multifunctionality were evaluated via soil structure stability index (SSI), soil biological activity (SBA), soil quality index (SQI) and EMF, respectively. Result showed that LUC from rice paddies to upland fields markedly decreased soil structure stability by 19.6%. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) and nutrient‐acquiring enzymes activities in the paddy soils were significantly higher than that in upland soil. Compared with paddy soil, microbial relative C and P limitations in upland soil were significantly aggravated by 10.9% and 4.2%, respectively. Additionally, variation partitioning and redundancy analyses revealed that soil pH, available P and P‐acquiring enzymes were the crucial edaphic factors affecting microbial metabolic limitations. Comprehensive assessment showed that LUC from rice paddies to upland fields significantly reduced SBA, SQI and EMF by 5.2%, 17.4% and 17.2%, accordingly. Overall, LUC from rice paddies to upland fields significantly destroyed soil structure, aggravated microbial relative C and P limitations and reduced soil quality. Therefore, artificial managements should be strengthened to counteract the adverse effects of LUC on soil quality and EMF. This study deepened our understanding of sustainable development and efficient management of field under LUC condition.
Influence of Overpressured Fluid Expulsion on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Deep‐Buried Miocene Reservoirs of the Yinggehai Basin, Northwestern South China Sea
Authors: Chen Zengyu , Liu Rui , Tian Jinqiang , Hao Fang , Hu Lin , Hu Gaowei , Zhang Yazhen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe overpressure record of the Cenozoic rifting basins in China was recently renewed in the Miocene reservoirs of the Yinggehai Basin, which became an ideal natural laboratory for revealing the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism under the ultrahigh overpressure setting. Using 3D seismic data, two new fluid expulsion structures were identified in the Yinggehai Basin: layer‐bound faults and pipes. Layer‐bound faults were primarily generated at ~10.5 Ma and subsequently served as vertical channels for hydrocarbon migration. Pipes can be divided into three episodes, generated at ~5.5, ~2.4 and < 1.9 Ma, caused by hydraulic fracturing during focused flow in highly overpressured reservoirs. Pipes generated simultaneously with hydrocarbon charging indicate that the aqueous pressure before hydrocarbon charging did not reach the threshold of hydraulic fracturing and could result in dynamic hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast, pipes generated before and after hydrocarbon charging increased the unfilling and draining risks of the traps, respectively.
The homeostasis of AtMYB4 is maintained by ARA4, HY5, and CAM7 during Arabidopsis seedling development
Authors: Dutta Siddhartha , Basu Riya , Pal Abhideep , Kunalika M. H. , Chattopadhyay Sudip 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYCalmodulin7 (CAM7) is a key transcription factor of Arabidopsis seedling development. CAM7 works together with HY5 bZIP protein to promote photomorphogenesis at various wavelengths of light. In this study, we show that AtMYB4, identified from a yeast two‐hybrid screen, physically interacts with CAM7 and works as a positive regulator of photomorphogenesis at various wavelengths of light. CAM7 and HY5 directly bind to the promoter of AtMYB4 to promote its expression for photomorphogenic growth. On the other hand, ARA4, identified from the same yeast two‐hybrid screen, works as a negative regulator of photomorphogenic growth specifically in white light. The double mutant analysis reveals that the altered hypocotyl elongation of atmyb4 and ara4 is either partly or completely suppressed by additional loss of function of CAM7. Furthermore, ARA4 genetically interacts with AtMYB4 in an antagonistic manner to suppress the elongated hypocotyl phenotype of atmyb4. The transactivation studies reveal that while CAM7 activates the promoter of AtMYB4 in association with HY5, ARA4 negatively regulates AtMYB4 expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that working as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, ARA4 plays a balancing act on CAM7 and HY5‐mediated regulation of AtMYB4.
Global impacts of peroxisome and pexophagy dysfunction revealed through multi‐omics analyses of lon2 and atg2 mutants
Authors: Muhammad DurreShahwar , Clark Natalie M. , Tharp Nathan E. , Chatt Elizabeth C. , Vierstra Richard D. , Bartel Bonnie 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYPeroxisomes house diverse metabolic pathways that are essential for plant and animal survival, including enzymes that produce or inactivate toxic byproducts. Despite the importance of peroxisomes and their collaborations with other organelles, the mechanisms that trigger or prevent peroxisome turnover and the cellular impacts of impaired peroxisomes are incompletely understood. When Arabidopsis thaliana LON2, a peroxisomal protein with chaperone and protease capacity, is disrupted, metabolic dysfunction and protein instability in peroxisomes ensue. Paradoxically, preventing autophagy in lon2 mutants appears to normalize peroxisomal metabolism and stabilize peroxisomal proteins—hinting at a role for autophagy in causing the peroxisomal defects observed in lon2 seedlings. Using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics, and in silico investigations, we compared wild type to lon2 and autophagy null mutants and double mutants. Through this analysis, we found that impeding autophagy via an atg2 null mutation alleviated several of the global defects observed when LON2 is absent. Moreover, we revealed processes influenced by LON2 that are independent of autophagy, including impacts on lipid droplet and chloroplast protein levels. Finally, we identified and classified potential LON2 substrates, which include proteins that might provide signal(s) for pexophagy.
TRX h2–PP2AC2 module serves as a convergence node for aluminum stress and leaf senescence signals, regulating cell death via ABA‐mediated ROS pathway
Authors: Li Xia , Su Guijun , Pan Chunliu , Zhan Jie , Wang Aiqin , Han Zhuqiang , Xiao Dong , He Longfei 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYROS/redox signaling plays an important role in the regulation of signal transduction and acclimation pathways activated by multiple abiotic stresses and leaf senescence. However, the regulatory events that produce ROS under different stimuli are far from clear. Here, we report the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of an h type thioredoxin, AhTRX h2, positively regulates Al sensitivity and leaf senescence by promoting ROS. AhTRX h2 transcript levels increased greatly during both natural senescence and Al stress condition in peanut. Ectopic expression of AhTRX h2 in Arabidopsis conferred Al sensitivity as well as premature leaf senescence, manifested by multiple indices, including inhibiting root elongation, severe cell death, and accelerated expression of MC1 and CEX17. AhTRX h2 exhibited similar functions to AtTRX h2, as AhTRX h2 was able to restore the phenotypes of the AtTRX h2 defective mutant (trxh2‐4) which showed Al tolerant and late senescence phenotypes. The knock down of AhTRX h2 markedly suppressed Al‐ and senescence‐induced cell death in peanut. AhTRX h2 could recruit catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2AC2) to form a stable complex. The interaction between AhTRX h2 and AtPP2AC2, as well as AhPP2AC2 and AtTRX h2 was also proved. Overexpression of AhPP2AC2 significantly enhanced Al sensitivity and leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Protein stability assay revealed that AhTRX h2 was more stable during aging or aluminum stress. Moreover, PP2AC2 could greatly enhance the stability of AhTRX h2 in vivo. Consistent with these observations, overexpression of AhPP2AC2 effectively enhanced AhTRX h2‐induced Al sensitivity and precocious leaf senescence. AhTRX h2 and AhPP2AC2 required ABA and ROS in response to cell death under Al stress and senescence, and it was evidence to suggest that ABA acted upstream of ROS in this process. Together, AhTRX h2 and AhPP2AC2 constitute a stable complex that promotes the accumulation of ABA and ROS, effectively regulate cell death. These findings suggest that TRX h2‐PP2AC2‐mediated pathway may be a widespread mechanism in regulating Al stress and leaf senescence.
Mixed Lp$L^p$ estimates for transforms of noncommutative martingales
Authors: Osękowski Adam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet . The paper is devoted to the study of estimates for transforms of noncommutative martingales, under the assumption that the transforming sequence takes values in , . This goes beyond the usual context of and studied so far in the literature. The obtained constants are of optimal order at the endpoints, in addition the approach allows to obtain sharp values in the range . The proof rests on real interpolation‐type arguments for martingale transforms, which are of independent interest.
Aerodynamic Performance Evaluation of Subsonic Compressor Cascade Blade With Leading-Edge Damage
Authors: Zhang Haideng , Wu Yun , Long Yuhan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Material loss at the leading edge of in-service gas-turbine engine blades is detrimental to the aerodynamic performances of compressors. In this study, computational simulations and experiments using pneumatic probes were conducted to measure the total pressure loss of compressor cascade blades with material loss at their leading edges. The correlations between blade leading-edge damage geometries and cascade blade total pressure losses were analyzed. The geometrical features of blade leading-edge damage that most affect the cascade blade total pressure loss were distinguished, and the influences of leading-edge damage region cross-sectional shapes on the cascade blade total pressure loss were examined. Two methods for evaluating the total pressure loss of damaged cascade blades were developed using experimental and numerical data. In the first method, an attempt is made to correlate the cascade blade total pressure loss with a characteristic parameter that is defined using scale and angle parameters of the leading-edge damage region. The second method is based on the probability distribution function as well as the critical loss boundary of the geometrical parameters of the leading-edge damage region. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the influence of damaged leading edges on compressor cascade blade aerodynamic performance and can help establish low-cost methods for the estimation of compressor performance degradation.