bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’induction au service d’une étude des représentations sociales du leadership féminin : de la problématisation à l’interprétation des données
Authors: Allard-Gaudreau Noémie , Lalancette Mireille 
Published: May 2018

Cet article décrit l’utilisation de la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée, comme l’ont conceptualisée Glaser et Strauss (1967), dans une étude portant sur des représentations sociales. Plus spécifiquement, nous entendons illustrer comment une approche inductive qui encourage la mise à distance temporaire des écrits connus a permis de faire émerger les représentations socialement partagées à propos du leadership féminin sous un angle nouveau. Ces analyses ont été réalisées lors d’une recherche visant la description et la compréhension des fonctions des représentations sociales chez une population de femmes reconnues comme faisant preuve de leadership. L’analyse des données recueillies au moyen d’entretiens individuels semi-dirigés auprès de vingt femmes considérées comme des leaders a permis l’exploration de trois types de représentations du leadership : les représentations de la femme leader, celle du leader idéal et les représentations biographiques du leadership.
Des femmes atteintes d’un cancer gynécologique se racontent par le collage et la sculpture : cheminement d’une chercheure
Authors: Rivard Sylvie 
Published: May 2018

Pour comprendre l’effet des cancers gynécologiques sur les femmes, ce projet de doctorat aborde leur impact sur l’identité corporelle, sexuelle et personnelle (Gadow, 1982). Une recherche narrative (Reissman, 2008) utilise le récit de vie (Bertaux, 2005) appuyé par l’art (Coles & Knowles, 2008) dans la création d’un autoportrait par collage ou sculpture. Le rôle de la chercheure en posture de réflexivité (Etherington, 2004) s’est transformé à plusieurs reprises dans cette démarche de recherche : chercheure, observatrice, facilitatrice, créatrice/artiste, ainsi que technicienne du processus artistique. Le texte décrira la démarche méthodologique de recherche, la posture réflexive de la chercheure dans un processus inductif qui fait appel à la créativité. L’évolution du rôle de la chercheure et le processus de créativité seront au coeur de cet exposé.
Timbang Besarnya Manfaat dari Salah Sasar Penerima Bantuan Iuran Jaminan Kesehatan
Authors: Soewondo Prastuti 
Published: May 2018

Abstrak Salah satu kebijakan pemerintah dalam percepatan capaian Jaminan Kesehatan Semesta bagi seluruh penduduk adalah mem­berikan keringanan keuangan dengan membayarkan iuran Jaminan Kesehatan bagi 92.4 juta masyarakat miskin dan rentan kemiskinan yang mewakili sekitar 35% dari total populasi. Kelompok masyarakat ini disebut sebagai Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI). Studi ini mengkaji seberapa banyak masyarakat miskin dan rentan yang telah menerima kebijakan pemerintah dalam pemberian subsidi jaminan kesehatan. Data penelitian menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional tahun 2016, khu­susnya data konsumsi rumah tangga dan status kepemilikan berbagai jenis jaminan kesehatan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, pada tingkat nasional, bantuan subsidi iuran jaminan kesehatan telah dinikmati oleh mayoritas (51%) rumah tangga miskin dan rentan kemiskinan, terlebih lagi rumah tangga yang tinggal di wilayah Timur Indonesia (58%). Bersama dengan Jamkes­da, 59,5% rumah tangga miskin dan rentan kemiskinan (66,4% di wilayah Timur) telah menerima manfaat proteksi jaminan kesehatan. Capaian kebijakan pemerintah ini patutlah dicatat, walaupun level cakupan harus terus ditingkatkan. Janganlah ini ditutupi oleh isu salah sasaran PBI ke sekitar 3% rumah tangga kaya yang dibesar-besarkan untuk menarik perhatian massa. Abstract One of the foremost government policies implemented in achieving Universal Health Coverage for the Indonesian population is the provision of financial assistance through contribution of Social Health Insurance for 92.4 million targeted poor and near poor house­holds. This segment of the population is referred to as Penerima Bantuan Iuran (PBI) and represents about 35% of the total population. This study reveals the government’s progress in protecting the health of this sub-population. The data is derived from the 2016 Na­tional Social Economic Survey. The results indicate that, at the national level, the government’s health protection program has reached the majority of poor and near poor household (51%), especially those residing in Eastern part of the country (58%). Together with local government’s support, 59.5% of poor and near poor households (66.4% in Eastern region) have been insured. While improvements in coverage should still be top policy agenda, this achievement of the government deserves more appreciation. We show that misalloca­tion of PBI to wealthy households is only small (3%), yet often broadcasted with much hype to create agitation.
Multitasking in the military: Cognitive consequences and potential solutions
Authors: Chérif Lobna , Wood Valerie , Marois Alexandre , Labonté Katherine , Vachon François 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMultitasking—the performance of several tasks at the same time—is becoming increasingly prevalent in workplaces. Multitasking is known to disrupt performance, particularly in complex and dynamic situations, which is exactly what most military occupations entail. Because military errors can be consequential, the detrimental impact of multitasking on cognitive functioning in such contexts should be taken seriously. This review pertains to high‐consequence military occupations that require strong multitasking skills. More specifically, it highlights cognitive challenges arising from different forms of multitasking and discusses their underlying cognitive processes. Because such challenges are not expected to diminish, this review proposes context‐relevant solutions to decrease occupational workload, either by reducing the cognitive load ensuing from the to‐be‐performed tasks or by improving soldiers' multitasking abilities. To ensure effective implementation of these solutions, we stress the need to design context‐adapted tools and procedures, and to guide human resource managers in developing particular strategies.
Fundamental failure to think logically about scientific questions: An illustration of tunnel vision with the application of Wason's Card Selection Test to criminal evidence
Authors: Rassin Eric 
Published: May 2018

SummaryLogic and science are in some respects fundamentally different disciplines, in that for example, application of rules of logic can yield conclusions that are at odds with physical reality. Not surprisingly, people have ample difficulty with logical thinking. Nonetheless, in some instances, logical thinking can fuel empirical decision making. In the current research, it was established that applying rules of logic to a particular area of empirical decision making, that is, criminal fact finding, is indeed quite difficult (Study 1). Furthermore, the ability to think logically was found to be associated with superior evaluation of criminal evidence (Study 2). Implications of these findings are discussed.
Obesity is Independently Associated With Worse Patient‐Reported Outcomes in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Patterson Sarah L. , Schmajuk Gabriela , Jafri Kashif , Yazdany Jinoos , Katz Patricia 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether obesity in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is independently associated with worse patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were derived from a prospective study of adult women with a diagnosis of SLE that was verified by medical record review. Two established definitions for obesity were used: fat mass index (FMI) ≥13 kg/m2 and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Dependent variables included 4 validated PROs: disease activity as assessed by the Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), depressive symptoms as assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), pain as assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) pain subscale, and fatigue as assessed by the SF‐36 vitality subscale. We used multivariable linear regression to evaluate the associations of obesity with PROs, while controlling for potential confounders (age, race, education, income, smoking, disease duration, disease damage, and prednisone use).ResultsThe analysis included 148 participants, 32% of whom were obese. In the multivariate regression model, obesity was associated with worse scores for each PRO. Mean adjusted scores for the SLAQ and CES‐D comparing obese versus non‐obese participants were 14.8 versus 11.5 (P = 0.01) and 19.8 versus 13.1 (P < 0.01), respectively. The obese group also reported worse mean adjusted scores for pain (38.7 versus 44.2; P < 0.01) and fatigue (39.6 versus 45.2; P = 0.01).ConclusionIn a representative sample of women with SLE, obesity (as defined by both FMI and BMI) was independently associated with worse PROs, including disease activity, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of pain and fatigue. Obesity may represent a modifiable target for improving outcomes among obese women with SLE.
Ultrathin AuAg Nanofilms from Ice‐Templated Assembly of AuAg Nanowires
Authors: Li Xingyun , Wang Haiqing , Xu Qingchi , Guo Shengshi , Du Junou , Liu Xiangyang , Weng Jian , Xu Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIce templates have been widely used for controlled assembly of nanoparticles into well‐defined 3D superstructures. However, ultrathin 2D nanofilms, which are highly desirable for wearable smart nanodevices, are seldom reported to be prepared via conventional ice‐templated assembly method. In this work, ultrathin AuAg nanofilms are successfully prepared by a simple ice‐templated assembly method from ultrathin AuAg nanowires (NWs). The ice/liquid interface is proposed as a unique platform facilitating the self‐assembly of NWs into monolayer nanofilms. Benefiting from the polymer‐like property of ultrathin AuAg NWs, the obtained ultrathin AuAg nanofilms exhibit high flexibility and excellent stability. The AuAg nanofilms prepared on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate retain high transparency and conductivity under harsh environments and upon strong deformations. The nonspecific ice/liquid interfacial assembly can be further extended to prepare other ultrathin nanofilms made of various inorganic ultrathin NWs.
Topologically Protected Photonic Edge States in the Visible in Plasmo‐Gyroelectric Metamaterials
Authors: Wu Xueyuan , Ye Fan , Merlo Juan M. , Naughton Michael J. , Kempa Krzysztof 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGyroelectric materials can be used to realize nontrivial photonic topological states. The usual strategy to maximize this effect is to increase the strength of the typically very small, off‐diagonal dielectric permittivity tensor components. This is a very difficult task, in particular at high frequencies. Here, an alternative method is proposed: reducing the strength of the diagonal permittivity tensor components. It is shown that this can be achieved by employing a layered plasmo‐gyroelectric metamaterial as the background medium of a 2D photonic crystal. It is demonstrated that by applying magnetic field, which breaks time reversal invariance, a topologically nontrivial photonic gap opens in the band structure of square and hexagonal photonic crystals. This is confirmed by detecting the presence of a topologically protected edge state at the boundary of this structure. This state is a photonic analog of the edge state in the conventional integer quantum Hall effect, also characterized by suppressed backscattering.
Advanced Hierarchical Vesicular Carbon Co‐Doped with S, P, N for High‐Rate Sodium Storage
Authors: Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Foster Christopher W. , Banks Craig E. , Guo Tianxiao , Jiang Yunling , Zhang Yun , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHierarchical nanoscale carbons have received wide interest as electrode materials for energy storage and conversion due to their fast mass transfer processes, outstanding electronic conductivity, and high stability. Here, heteroatom (S, P, and N) doped hierarchical vesicular carbon (HHVC) materials with a high surface area up to 867.5 m2 g−1 are successfully prepared using a surface polymerization of hexachloro‐cyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol (BPS) on the ZIF‐8 polyhedrons. Significantly, it is the first time to achieve a controllability of the wall thickness for this unique carbon, ranging from 18 to 52 nm. When utilized as anodes for sodium ion batteries, these novel carbon materials exhibit a high specific capacity of 327.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, which can be attributed to the expanded interlayer distance and enhanced conductivity derived from the doping of heteroatoms. Importantly, a high capacity of 142.6 mAh g−1 can be obtained even at a high current density of 5 A g−1, assigning to fast ion/electronic transmission processes stemming from the unique hierarchical vesicular structure. This work offers a new route for the fabrication/preparation of multi‐heteroatom doped hierarchical vesicular materials.
3D Wettable Framework for Dendrite‐Free Alkali Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Wang Chengwei , Pastel Glenn , Kuang Yudi , Xie Hua , Li Yiju , Liu Boyang , Luo Wei , Chen Chaoji , Hu Liangbing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe infinite volume change and dendritic behavior in alkali metal anodes lead to low Coulombic efficiency and short‐circuit issues that significantly hamper renewed efforts at commercialization. Here, a dendrite‐free alkali metal anode, made by thermally preloading molten Li or Na into a 3D framework with high alkali wettability, is reported. In the mechanically robust 3D framework, carbon fiber (CF) serves as an electrical highway that provides fast charge transfer for the redox reaction. Through a facile solution‐based process, a SnO2 coating is introduced to modify the poor wetting behavior of the carbon framework and drastically improve both the electrochemical performance and reliability. The kinetic barrier to adhesion of molten alkali metals on the CF framework is eliminated by the mixed reaction with SnO2. The growth of dendrites is effectively repressed under the decreased local current density of the 3D framework. In full‐cell configurations with LiFePO4 cathodes, the Li–CF electrode shows reduced polarization and 90% capacity retention after 500 cycles in traditional carbonate electrolyte. Comparable improvements are also observed in 3D electrodes for Na metal batteries. These findings on a stable 3D carbon framework with improved wetting behavior provide significant practical implications for achieving safe and commercially viable alkali metal anodes.
Solitary chemosensory cells producing interleukin‐25 and group‐2 innate lymphoid cells are enriched in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Patel Neil N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Maina Ivy W. , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Workman Alan D. , Tong Charles C.L. , Kuan Edward C. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Herbert De'Broski R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is commonly characterized by type‐2 inflammation. It is established that group‐2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a subset of immune cells important in orchestrating mucosal type‐2 response. IL‐25 is an epithelial‐derived cytokine that is a critical activator of ILC2s. Recent evidence demonstrates that specialized taster epithelial cells, such as solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs), may be producers of IL‐25. To elucidate the relationship between SCCs and ILC2s in CRSwNP, we sought to quantify ILC2s and SCCs to determine if these cell types are enriched in nasal polyps compared to healthy sinonasal mucosa.MethodsWe quantified SCCs and ILC2s using multicolor flow cytometry in nasal polyps and non‐inflamed turbinate mucosa from seven patients and investigated the role of IL‐13 and dexamethasone on SCC frequency using tissue explants of nasal polyps and turbinate mucosa.ResultsSCCs were found to be the primary source of IL‐25. Nasal polyps demonstrated higher populations of SCCs (33.0% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001) and ILC2s (2.40% vs 0.19%, p = 0.008) compared to patient‐matched nonpolypoid turbinates. In cultured polyp explants, exogenous IL‐13 increased the proportion of epithelial SCCs (40.2% IL‐13 condition vs 28.9% untreated, p = 0.012), and this effect was reversed by addition of dexamethasone (40.2% vs 8.9%, p < 0.0005).ConclusionThese data support SCC and ILC2 expansion as well as increased IL‐25 production in nasal polyps and may represent early events in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. IL‐13 stimulates proliferation of SCC in a feed‐forward loop, a process that is steroid‐sensitive.
Prodromal symptoms of multiple sclerosis in primary care
Authors: Disanto Giulio , Zecca Chiara , MacLachlan Sharon , Sacco Rosaria , Handunnetthi Lahiru , Meier Ute C. , Simpson Alex , McDonald Laura , Rossi Andrea , Benkert Pascal , Kuhle Jens , Ramagopalan Sreeram V. , Gobbi Claudio 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveEarly diagnosis and treatment initiation significantly influence long‐term disability outcome in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed at identifying prodromal symptoms of MS in primary care settings.MethodsThis was a nested case–control study comparing the occurrence of various symptoms in MS patients versus controls at 0 to 2, 2 to 5, and 5 to 10 years before index date (first MS record). A total of 10,204 incident MS cases were identified within the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink between January 1, 1987 and February 28, 2016 (median age = 47 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 39–57, females = 7,308 [71.6%]). Patients were matched to 39,448 controls with no MS record by sex, year of birth, general practitioner, and year of registration (age = 47 years, IQR = 39–56, females = 28,248 [71.6%]). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression.ResultsMS patients had significantly higher risk of presenting up to 10 years prior to index date with gastric, intestinal, urinary, and anorectal disturbances, anxiety, depression, insomnia, fatigue, headache, and various types of pain. MS risk progressively increased with each additional symptom presented (0–2 years: OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.47–1.55, p < 0.001; 2–5 years: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.25–1.33, p < 0.001; 5–10 years: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.15–1.26, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analyses in patients with age at index < 40 years and no neurological disturbances prior to symptoms of interest showed consistent results.InterpretationVarious clinical disturbances precede MS diagnosis by several years, supporting a prodromal phase to the disease and improving our clinical knowledge of early MS. Integrating these symptoms in the diagnostic procedure may help earlier disease identification. Ann Neurol 2018
Integrated magnetic resonance imaging and [11C]‐PBR28 positron emission tomographic imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Alshikho Mohamad J. , Zürcher Nicole R. , Loggia Marco L. , Cernasov Paul , Reynolds Beverly , Pijanowski Olivia , Chonde Daniel B. , Izquierdo Garcia David , Mainero Caterina , Catana Ciprian , Chan James , Babu Suma , Paganoni Sabrina , Hooker Jacob M. , Atassi Nazem 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo characterize [11C]‐PBR28 brain uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). We have previously shown increased [11C]‐PBR28 uptake in the precentral gyrus in a small group of ALS patients. Herein, we confirm our initial finding, study the longitudinal changes, and characterize the gray versus white matter distribution of [11C]‐PBR28 uptake in a larger cohort of patients with ALS and PLS.MethodsEighty‐five participants including 53 with ALS, 11 with PLS, and 21 healthy controls underwent integrated [11C]‐PBR28 PET–magnetic resonance brain imaging. Patients were clinically assessed using the Upper Motor Neuron Burden (UMNB) and the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS‐R). [11C]‐PBR28 uptake was quantified as standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and compared between groups. Cortical thickness and fractional anisotropy were compared between groups and correlated with SUVR and the clinical data. [11C]‐PBR28 uptake and ALSFRS‐R were compared longitudinally over 6 months in 10 ALS individuals.ResultsWhole brain voxelwise, surface‐based, and region of interest analyses revealed increased [11C]‐PBR28 uptake in the precentral and paracentral gyri in ALS, and in the subcortical white matter for the same regions in PLS, compared to controls. The increase in [11C]‐PBR28 uptake colocalized and correlated with cortical thinning, reduced fractional anisotropy, and increased mean diffusivity, and correlated with higher UMNB score. No significant changes were detected in [11C]‐PBR28 uptake over 6 months despite clinical progression.InterpretationGlial activation measured by in vivo [11C]‐PBR28 PET is increased in pathologically relevant regions in people with ALS and correlates with clinical measures. Ann Neurol 2018;83:1186–1197
Emulsion‐Assisted Polymerization‐Induced Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Giant Sea Urchin‐like Aggregates on a Large Scale
Authors: Xu Qingsong , Huang Tong , Li Shanlong , Li Ke , Li Chuanlong , Liu Yannan , Wang Yuling , Yu Chunyang , Zhou Yongfeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHierarchical solution self‐assembly has become an important biomimetic method to prepare highly complex and multifunctional supramolecular structures. However, despite great progress, it is still highly challenging to prepare hierarchical self‐assemblies on a large scale because the self‐assembly processes are generally performed at high dilution. Now, an emulsion‐assisted polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (EAPISA) method with the advantages of in situ self‐assembly, scalable preparation, and facile functionalization was used to prepare hierarchical multiscale sea urchin‐like aggregates (SUAs). The obtained SUAs from amphiphilic alternating copolymers have a micrometer‐sized rattan ball‐like capsule (RBC) acting as the hollow core body and radiating nanotubes tens of micrometers in length as the hollow spines. They can capture model proteins effectively at an ultra‐low concentration (ca. 10 nm) after functionalization with amino groups through click copolymerization.
Elektrophile Formylierung von Aromaten durch silyliumionvermittelte Aktivierung von Kohlenmonoxid
Authors: Omann Lukas , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Irran Elisabeth , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Grimme Stefan , Oestreich Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAromatenstabilisierte Silyliumionen reagieren mit Kohlenmonoxid und eben nicht Kohlenmonoxidaddukte von Silyliumionen mit Aromaten. Dieser Mechanismus ist durch quantenchemische Rechnungen gestützt. Selbst sterisch gehindertes Mesitylen und elektronisch desaktiviertes Chlorbenzol nehmen an dieser elektrophilen aromatischen Substitution teil. Die silyliumionvermittelte Formylierung entspricht Gattermann‐Koch‐Reaktionen, die durch starke Brønsted‐Säuren vorangetrieben werden. Das entstandene Silylcarboxoniumion des aromatischen Aldehyds wurde kristallographisch charakterisiert, womit erstmals die Molekülstruktur dieser bedeutenden Synthesezwischenstufe gezeigt ist.