bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Salinity Effects on Tifway Bermudagrass Growth and Nitrogen Uptake
Authors: Chang Baoxin , Wherley Benjamin G. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline A. , West Jason B. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSalinity stress is becoming a more prevalent issue for turf managers due to increased use of recycled water for irrigation. While published data are available on electrical conductivity (EC) thresholds for maintaining adequate turf growth and quality, data are lacking on the relationship between increasing irrigation and/or soil EC and turfgrass nutrient uptake efficiency. The objectives of this greenhouse experiment were to evaluate the effects of five irrigation water sources (reverse osmosis, sodic potable, 2.5 dS m−1 saline [SA], 5 dS m−1 SA, and 10 dS m−1 SA) and two soluble fertilizer N sources (15N‐labeled sources of ammonium sulfate and urea) on Tifway bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] growth responses and N uptake efficiency. Results demonstrated that Tifway bermudagrass was capable of tolerating irrigation EC levels up to 5 dS m−1, which corresponded to final soil EC levels (at 2.5‐cm depth) of ∼2 to 2.6 dS m−1. However, with 10 dS m−1 irrigation (corresponding to soil EC levels of ∼3–5 dS m−1), turf quality declined to unacceptable levels and N uptake noticeably declined. Also, under increasing salinity (salinity levels of 2.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1), urea produced superior turf quality relative to ammonium sulfate. Collectively, the results indicate that for well‐watered, sand‐based Tifway bermudagrass, lower N fertilization rates should be considered once irrigation EC levels exceed 5 dS m−1 or corresponding soil EC levels at the 2.5‐cm depth exceed 2 dS m−1. Although N uptake efficiency of ammonium sulfate was greater than that of urea across all water sources in Year 1, results indicate that urea provided higher turf quality than ammonium sulfate under elevated salinity.
More than Meets the Dye: Evaluating Preferential Flow Paths as Microbial Hotspots
Authors: Franklin Shane , Vasilas Bruce , Jin Yan 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
O2–sensitive optodes located microbial hotspots along artificial preferential flow pathways.
O2 depletion served as a reference for microbial activity.
O2 depletion locations show preferential flow paths as dynamic biogeochemical entities.
Preferential flow paths have been suggested to function as microbial hotspots. This idea is speculative, based on biomass counts rather than assessments of the activity of the microbial population. In this study we used O2–sensitive optodes, or optical sensor devices, to observe O2 depletion by soil microbes as a reference for microbial activity along three artificially constructed preferential flow path geometries. The flow paths were constructed using contrasting fine (210–297 μm) and coarse (595–841 μm) sand textures in the geometries of (i) coarse sand in the center surrounded by fine sand, (ii) half coarse sand on the left and half fine sand on the right, and (iii) fine sand in the center surrounded by coarse sand. A soil slurry, containing soil microbes and glucose as an added source of C, was flowed through the sands to create nutrient gradients due to nonuniform flow. Results suggest that O2 depletion is greatest along the boundary between preferential flow paths (coarse sand) and the bulk matrix (fine sand). While the results offer insight into the locations of microbial activity, the exact positioning remains unclear. Our work suggests that preferential flow plays a key role in the spatial distribution of microbial hotspots in soil and demonstrates the nexus between soil physical and microbial processes. We show that O2–sensitive optodes were effective in monitoring O2 depletion due to microbial activity along the paths. To address issues related to C cycling under the changing environment, biophysical processes in flow paths must be better understood.
Identificação do Nível de Contribuição das Universidades para o Desenvolvimento através da Inovação: uma proposta de métrica
Authors: Cândido Gesinaldo Ataíde , Maciel Dayanna Dos Santos Costa 
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do artigo é propor uma métrica de mensuração do nível de contribuição de uma universidade para o desenvolvimento regional através da inovação. A pesquisa realizada tem cunho teórico e foi adotado como procedimento metodológico a revisão sistemática da literatura do tipo integrativa, sendo esta realizada na literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 10 anos que considera a relação existente entre universidade, inovação e desenvolvimento regional. Como resultado são apresentados abordagens e modelos específicos, com foco nas proposições da Tripla Hélice (ETZKOWITZ; ZHOU, 2017) e de Produtos Universitários (LENDEL; QIAN, 2017) , em seguida, uma proposta de métrica que possibilita identificação e análise mais apurada do nível de contribuição das universidades para o desenvolvimento regional através da inovação. Conclui-se que a principal contribuição deste artigo consiste em apresentar um caminho para que se possa medir e/ou classificar as contribuições que a universidade para o desenvolvimento econômico regional através da inovação.
Predicting water demand: a review of the methods employed and future possibilities
Authors: de Souza Groppo Gustavo , Costa Marcelo Azevedo , Libânio Marcelo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe balance between water supply and demand requires efficient water supply system management techniques. This balance is achieved through operational actions, many of which require the application of forecasting concepts and tools. In this article, recent research on urban water demand forecasting employing artificial intelligence is reviewed, aiming to present the ‘state of the art’ on the subject and provide some guidance regarding methods and models to research and professional sanitation companies. The review covers the models developed using standard statistical techniques, such as linear regression or time-series analysis, or techniques based on Soft Computing. This review shows that the studies are, mostly, focused on the management of the operating systems. There is, therefore, room for long-term forecasts. It is worth noting that there is no global model that surpasses all the methods for all cases, it being necessary to study each region separately, evaluating the strengths of each model or the combination of methods. The use of statistical applications of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence methodologies has grown considerably in recent years. However, there is still room for improvement with regard to water demand forecasting.
IDENTIFIKASI KETERAMPILAN KOGNITIF ANAK USIA 2-6 TAHUN DI LEMBAGA PAUD KECAMATAN SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hayati Nur , Cholimah Nur , Christianti Martha 
Published: August 2019

Kemampuan melakukan identifkasi keterampilan kognitif anak usia dini belum dikuasai sepenuhnya oleh guru PAUD. Salah satu kesulitan yang dihadapi guru adalah belum mengetahui jenis instrumen yang dapat mengidentifikasi keterampilan kognitif anak. Selama ini guru hanya menggunakan Standar Tingkat Pencapaian Perkembangan Anak sebagai pedoman melakukan stimulasi terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak usia dini yang diajarnya. Kegiatan pembelajaran akan lebih optimal jika guru melakukan stimulasi berdasarkan kebutuhan dan kemampuan yang dimiliki anak didiknya sesuai hasil identifikasi di awal semester. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan pendidik anak usia dini tentang identifikasi keterampilan kognitif anak usia dini. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 25 pendidik PAUD di Kecamatan Sleman Kabupaten Sleman. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi yang dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengikuti pelatihan, subjek mengalami peningkatan pada ketiga materi yang diberikan yaitu identifikasi keterampilan matematika anak usia dini, identifikasi keterampilan sains anak usia dini, dan identifikasi keterampilan bahasa anak usia dini. Kata kunci: keterampilan kognitif, anak usia dini
STIMULASI PENYUSUNAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN KURIKULUM 2013 PAUD BAGI PENDIDIK PAUD DI KECAMATAN BANGUNTAPAN BANTUL
Authors: Wulandari Rina , Hayati Nur , Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Fatimaningrum Arumi Savitri 
Published: August 2019

Kegiatan stimulasi Penyusunan Perangkat Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 PAUD yang bekerja sama dengan Himpaudi Kecamatan Banguntapan, Bantul bertujuan untuk memberikan tambahan wawasan tentang penilaian pembelajaran. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan institusional yang dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 84 pendidik PAUD di Kabupaten Bantul. Tindakan stimulasi diukur dengan menggunakan teknik tes, yaitu pretest pada pra tindakan dan pottest setelah tindakan siklus 2. Analisis pretest menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 orang (14%) pada kategori tinggi, 41 orang (72%) pada kategori sedang, dan 8 orang (14%) pada kategori rendah. Analisis posttest menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 orang (14%) pada kategori tinggi, 45 orang (79%) pada kategori sedang, dan 4 orang (7%) pada kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan pendidikan dalam menyusun perangkat pembelajaran meskipun hanya sebesar 7 % pada kategori sedang. Kata kunci: perangkat penilaian, kurikulum 2013 PAUD, perangkat pembelajaran.
OPTIMALISASI PENGGUNAAN METODE DRILL PADA PEMBELAJARAN GITAR PEMULA (Studi Penelitian Tindakan Kelas pada Kelompok Ansembel Musik IGTKI-PGRI Kabupaten Kediri)
Authors: Raharjo Itot Bian , Wijaya Intan Prastihastari , Lestariningrum Anik 
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan optimalisasi pembelajaran gitar pemula melalui metode drill dan mendeskriksikan dampak metode drill dalam meningkatkan keterampilan guru TK pada materi teori dasar dan praktik bermain gitar pemula. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru TK anggota IGTKI-PGRI Kabupaten Kediri yang berjumlah 26 orang sebagai perwakilan 26 Kecamatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Desain PTK model Kurt Lewin (Wijaya K. dan Dedi D., 2012: 20). Dikatakan penelitian ini berhasil jika mampu melakukan perpindahan antar kunci dan mampu memainkan pola rhythm yang diperlihatkan melalui kriteria minimal 75%. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam PTK ini adalah observasi dan instrumen yang digunakan dalam penilaian proses pembelajaran ini mencakup 2 (dua) aspek keterampilan, antara lain: perpindahan antar kunci (jari tangan kiri) dan pola rhythm (jari tangan kanan).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, dapat diketahui bahwa terjadi peningkatan ketuntasan belajar perpindahan kunci sebanyak 3 orang (11,5%) di siklus I, sebanyak 16 orang (61,5%) di siklus II, dan prosentase ketuntasan belajar mencapai 80,8% pada siklus III. Dan pola rhythm sebanyak 5 orang (19,2%) di siklus I dan dengan prosentase ketuntasan belajar mencapai 77% pada pelaksanaan di siklus II. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan penggunaan metode drill pada pembelajaran gitar pemula pada kelompok ansembel IGTKI-PGRI Kabupaten Kediri tahun 2017, maka hipotesis tindakan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima. Kata Kunci: optimalisasi, drill, gitar pemula
“KONTRAK PERILAKU” DAPAT MENANAMKAN KEBIASAAN BAIK PADA SISWA KELOMPOK B3 TK MASYITHOH PIJENAN BANTUL SEHINGGA MENJADI SISWA YANG BERKARAKTER “ MANTAB”
Authors: Sunarni Nanik 
Published: August 2019

Best Practice ini dilakukan untuk menanamkan karakter mandiri dan tanggung jawab dengan “ Kontrak Perilaku “ di TK Masyithoh Pijenan. Pengamatan dan penggunaan “ Kontrak Perilaku” ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 18 Juli sampai dengan 18 Agustus 2017. Siswa yang ada di kelompok B3 berjumlah 20 anak. Pengamatan diawali dari hari pertama masuk sekolah. Dalam Kurikulum2013 PAUD lingkup perkembangan Sosial Emosional anak berumur 5-6 seharusnya sudah memperlihatkan kemampuan diri untuk menyesuaikan diri, mengenal perasaan sendiri dan mampu mengelolanya secara wajar,tahu akan haknya, mentaati aturan kelas, mengatur diri sendiri, bertanggung jawab atasperilakunya untuk kebaikan diri sendiri,mengekspresikan emosi yang sesuai dengan kondisi yang ada,dan bersikap kooperatif. Tujuan pendidikan anak usia dini adalah terbentuknya generasi yang beriman, bertaqwa,cerdas, terampil, mandiri dan berbudaya. Hal tersebut belum muncul pada perilaku anak- anak kelompok B3 karena ditemukan dari pengamatan masih banyak siswa yang menangis saat ditinggal ibunya. Setelah selesai bermain, anak- anak tidak mengembalikan mainan pada tempatnya, lebih suka bermain danbercanda dari pada menyelesaikan dan melakukan apa yang menjadi tugas dan perintah guru. Hal ini yang membuat guru melakukan Kontrak Perilaku kepada anak anak kelompokB3 untuk menanamkan kemandirian dan rasa tanggung jawab. Setelah Kontrak Perilaku diterapkan pada anak- anak kelompok B3 TK Masyithoh PijenanBantul maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kontrak Perilaku ini sangat tepat untuk menanamkan karakter pada anak usia dini sehingga mereka saat ini sudah mandiri dan bertanggung jawab.Kata Kunci: best practice, pendidikan anak usia dini, kontrak perilaku
Extracting Clinical Features From Dictated Ambulatory Consult Notes Using a Commercially Available Natural Language Processing Tool: Pilot, Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Validation Study
Authors: Petch Jeremy , Batt Jane , Murray Joshua , Mamdani Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

Background
The increasing adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in clinical practice holds the promise of improving care and advancing research by serving as a rich source of data, but most EHRs allow clinicians to enter data in a text format without much structure. Natural language processing (NLP) may reduce reliance on manual abstraction of these text data by extracting clinical features directly from unstructured clinical digital text data and converting them into structured data.

Objective
This study aimed to assess the performance of a commercially available NLP tool for extracting clinical features from free-text consult notes.

Methods
We conducted a pilot, retrospective, cross-sectional study of the accuracy of NLP from dictated consult notes from our tuberculosis clinic with manual chart abstraction as the reference standard. Consult notes for 130 patients were extracted and processed using NLP. We extracted 15 clinical features from these consult notes and grouped them a priori into categories of simple, moderate, and complex for analysis.

Results
For the primary outcome of overall accuracy, NLP performed best for features classified as simple, achieving an overall accuracy of 96% (95% CI 94.3-97.6). Performance was slightly lower for features of moderate clinical and linguistic complexity at 93% (95% CI 91.1-94.4), and lowest for complex features at 91% (95% CI 87.3-93.1).

Conclusions
The findings of this study support the use of NLP for extracting clinical features from dictated consult notes in the setting of a tuberculosis clinic. Further research is needed to fully establish the validity of NLP for this and other purposes.
Efficiency of acute public hospitals in the region of Murcia, Spain
Authors: Fuentes Ramón , Ferrándiz-Gomis Roberto , Fuster-Garcia Begoña 
Published: August 2019

Aim:
To evaluate the level of efficiency of public acute hospitals situated in the region of Murcia (Spain).
Materials & methods:
Data from nine acute general hospitals of Murcia’s Health Service (SMS by its Spanish acronym) were analyzed over the 2012–2014 period. The data were extracted from the In-patient Health Establishment Statistics of the Ministry of Health, Social Services and Equality, from the National Health Service (SNS) portal and the SMS portal. To this end, the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-window method was used, since this extension of the basic DEA model allows to compare the efficiency of a small number of units over different years and analyze changes in efficiency over time. In addition, the model was complemented by smooth bootstrapping and a superefficiency analysis to improve the quality of the data interpretation. Four inputs were used (number of beds, number of operating rooms, personnel costs and operating costs), two undesirable outputs (average stay and rate of return) and three desirable outputs (weighted discharges, emergencies and surgical interventions).
Results:
The average level of inefficiency was 1.58% over the study period, with a good evolution between 2012 (3.53%) and 2014 (0.20%). This improvement was also reflected in the number of efficient hospitals that rose from two in 2012 to eight in 2014. Moreover, the slack levels detected were small.
Conclusion:
The management of the public hospitals analyzed was favorable, both regarding average level of efficiency and the number of hospitals qualified as efficient. However, the analysis revealed several ways to increase efficiency by reducing specific inputs and nondesirable outputs (mainly operating and personnel costs as well as average length of stay) while increasing desirable outputs (mostly the number of surgical interventions). To finish, specific policy measures are suggested to improve the performance of these hospitals.
CADEIAS PRODUTIVAS E OPORTUNIDADES DE INVESTIMENTO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Prochnik Victor , Haguenauer Lia 
Published: August 2019

O artigo discute relações entre o conceito de cadeia produtiva
e algumas propostas das teorias de crescimento desequilibrado e mostra resultados de um estudo sobre as cadeias produtivas da indústria da Região Nordeste, que aborda oportunidades de investimento industrial na região. Na primeira parte, parte teórica, é visto como as cadeias podem ser usadas em estudos sobre a dinâmica do crescimento econômico. Depois, é visto como o conceito de cadeia produtiva foi aplicado para estudar oportunidades de investimento em uma das regiões mais pobres do Brasil. Uma taxonomia de oportunidades de investimento é proposta e, no final, o artigo discute problemas de coordenação de investimentos em cadeias produtivas.
A CADEIA AGROINDUSTRIAL ORIZÍCOLA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Miranda Silvia Helena Galvão , Silva Gustavo Souza , Motta Maria Aparecida Serigatto Braghetta , Esposito Hirina Oliveira Moraes 
Published: August 2019

No Brasil, o arroz é considerado um produto essencial na cesta básica do consumidor, sendo um dos principais alimentos consumidos diariamente pela população. Com o crescimento da produtividade, em 2004 o Brasil tornou-se
autossuficiente na produção do arroz. Contudo, manteve-se como um importador líquido. A importação contribui para manter os preços domésticos em patamares mais baixos. Diante disso, julga-se importante caracterizar os principais agentes da cadeia produtiva, envolvidos na sua produção e comercialização, bem como identificar as variáveis relevantes para a formação de preço no mercado doméstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho, com base em levantamentos de campo, é propor uma estrutura para a cadeia do arroz no RS, estado responsável por mais de 50% da produção nacional do produto.
PLANT FIBER REINFORCED BIOCOMPOSITE: PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: CELİKTAS Melih Soner , UYAN Merve 
Published: August 2019

Son yıllarda farklı endüstriyel uygulamalar için
geleneksel polimer kompozitlerin yerine yenilenebilir kaynakların kullanımına
olan ilgi artmaktadır. En az bir bileşen biyobazlı veya biyobozunur olan
polimer kompozitlere biyokompozit adı verilmektedir. Son zamanlarda bitki
liflerinin sahip oldukları mekanik, termal, optik ve biyobozunurluk gibi benzersiz özellikleri sebebiyle biyokompozit
ürünlerdekullanılmaktadır. Bu malzemelere olan yüksek ilginin bir diğer nedeni ise ucuz ve
düşük ortam etkisine sahip olmalarıdır. Bitki liflerinin bol miktarda
bulunabilirliği ve erişilebilirliği ortaya çıkan yeni ilginin ana nedenleridir.
Doğal kaynaklardan oluşan yüksek performanslı malzemeler sayesinde, malzeme
bilimi alanındaki biyoteknolojide önemli kazanımlar dünya çapında artış
göstermektedir. Bunlara ilaveten, dünyadaki çevre sorunlarına karşı
artanfarkındalık, araştırmacıları ve üreticileri biyokompozit malzemeler
alanında çaba göstermeye yöneltmektedir. Bu kapsamda farklı polimerlerle bitki
liflerinin birlikte kullanıldığı mühendislik ve teknolojik uygulamalar için
gerçekleştirilmiş birçok tasarım ve uyarlama çalışması bulunmaktadır. Doğal
kaynağa dayalı yüksek performanslı malzemelerin bir sonucu olarak malzeme
biliminde önemli başarımlar elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli bitki
liflerinin biyokompozit malzeme üretmek için kullanımı, lif türlerinin mekanik
özellikler üzerindeki etkileri ve üretim sürecinde biyokompozitlerin yapısı ile
bitki lif takviyeli güçlendirilmiş kompozitlerin gelecek eğilimleri üzerine
tartışılmaktadır.
The Effects of State-Level GAAP Regulation on Municipal Audit Markets, Reporting Quality, and Audit Fees
Authors: Yebba Alfred A. , Elder Randal J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine the effects of financial statement disclosure regulation on auditor market concentration, reporting quality, and audit pricing. We compare auditor industry concentration levels for municipalities reporting under the Single Audit Act in the state of Michigan, which requires GAAP reporting, with concentration rates in Pennsylvania, which has unregulated reporting. We find an association between a comprehensive GAAP disclosure policy and auditor concentration. The disclosure-regulated state also has higher demand for auditor specialization and reporting quality, as evidenced through lower reporting of material weaknesses and shorter reporting lags. Specialist auditors in both environments are associated with greater reporting of control exceptions, but specialization is only associated with shorter reporting lags with disclosure regulation. Using a small sample of survey data for one year, we find evidence that audit pricing is lower in the regulated state, and that specialist pricing varies based on regulation and each specialist audit firm's market positioning.
THE EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL AND MATHEMATIC-LOGICAL INTELLIGENCE TOWARD MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
Authors: Wewe Melkior 
Published: August 2019

This study aims to find out the difference between the model of problem-based learning and the mathematical-logical intelligence towards mathematics learning achievement. This study is a true experimental with specific design of post-test only control group design. The population of this study are all fourth grade students of primary schools in Bajawa sub district. Meanwhile, the sample in this study is determined through random sampling. The result of analysis, it is gained that the learning achievement which used problem based learning model is higher than the mathematics learning achievement of the students with the conventional learning technique. The calculation from two ways ANAVA results in Fobs 1.793 with sig = 0.184, there is no significant effect of learning interaction model and mathematic-logical intelligence. Since there is no interaction, it also means that there is no significant effect of problem based learning collaborated with mathematic-logical intelligence to the students’ learning achievement.