bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2018 International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection: Research Priorities from the General Assembly Questions
Authors: Schwarz Edward M. , Parvizi Javad , Gehrke Thorsten , Aiyer Amiethab , Battenberg Andrew , Brown Scot A. , Callaghan John J. , Citak Mustafa , Egol Kenneth , Garrigues Grant E. , Ghert Michelle , Goswami Karan , Green Andrew , Hammound Sommer , Kates Stephen L. , McLaren Alex C. , Mont Michael A. , Namdari Surena , Obremskey William T. , O'Toole Robert , Raikin Steven , Restrepo Camilo , Ricciardi Benjamin , Saeed Kordo , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin , Shohat Noam , Tan Timothy , Thirukumaran Caroline P. , Winters Brian 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMusculoskeletal infections (MSKI) remain the bane of orthopedic surgery, and result in grievous illness and inordinate costs that threaten healthcare systems. As prevention, diagnosis, and treatment has remained largely unchanged over the last 50 years, a 2nd International Consensus Meeting on Musculoskeletal Infection (ICM 2018, https://icmphilly.com) was completed. Questions pertaining to all areas of MSKI were extensively researched to prepare recommendations, which were discussed and voted on by the delegates using the Delphi methodology. The questions, including the General Assembly (GA) results, have been published (GA questions). However, as critical outcomes include: (i) incidence and cost data that substantiate the problems, and (ii) establishment of research priorities; an ICM 2018 research workgroup (RW) was assembled to accomplish these tasks. Here, we present the result of the RW consensus on the current and projected incidence of infection, and the costs per patient, for all orthopedic subspecialties, which range from 0.1% to 30%, and $17,000 to $150,000. The RW also identified the most important research questions. The Delphi methodology was utilized to initially derive four objective criteria to define a subset of the 164 GA questions that are high priority for future research. Thirty‐eight questions (23% of all GA questions) achieved the requisite > 70% agreement vote, and are highlighted in this Consensus article within six thematic categories: acute versus chronic infection, host immunity, antibiotics, diagnosis, research caveats, and modifiable factors. Finally, the RW emphasizes that without appropriate funding to address these high priority research questions, a 3rd ICM on MSKI to address similar issues at greater cost is inevitable.
Postoperative Tendon Loading With Treadmill Running Delays Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing: Immunohistochemical Evaluation in a Murine Rotator Cuff Repair Model
Authors: Wada Susumu , Lebaschi Amir H. , Nakagawa Yusuke , Carballo Camila B. , Uppstrom Tyler J. , Cong Guang‐Ting , Album Zoe M. , Hall Arielle J. , Ying Liang , Deng Xiang‐Hua , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTMechanical stress has an important effect on tendon‐to‐bone healing. The purpose of the present study was to compare tendon‐to‐bone healing in animals exposed to either tendon unloading (botulinum toxin injection) or excessive loading (treadmill running) in a murine rotator cuff repair model. Forty‐eight C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral supraspinatus tendon detachment and repair. Mice in the unloaded group were injected with botulinum toxin to the supraspinatus muscle. The contralateral shoulder of the unloaded group was used as a control. Mice were euthanized at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery and evaluated with hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for Ihh, Gli1, Wnt3a, and β‐catenin. The positive staining area on IHC and the Modified Tendon Maturing Score were measured. The score of the unloaded group was significantly higher (better healing) than that of the treadmill group at 4 weeks. Ihh and the glioma‐associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1) positive area in the unloaded group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 1 week. The peak time‐points of the Ihh and Gli1 positive area was 1 week for the unloaded group and 2 weeks for the treadmill group. The Wnt3a positive area in the unloaded group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 2 weeks. The β‐catenin positive area in the unloaded group was significantly higher than that of the treadmill group and the control group at 1 week. Our data indicated that the unloaded group has superior tendon maturation compared to the treadmill running group. Excessive tendon loading may delay the tendon healing process by affecting the activity of Ihh and Wnt/β‐Catenin pathways. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1628–1637, 2019.
Adipose‐Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction and Cultured Stromal Cells as Trophic Mediators for Tendon Healing
Authors: Polly Shelley S. , Nichols Anne E. C. , Donnini Elle , Inman Daniel J. , Scott Timothy J. , Apple Stephanie M. , Werre Stephen R. , Dahlgren Linda A. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAdipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous population of cells that yields a homogeneous population of plastic‐adherent adipose tissue‐derived stromal cells (ASC) when culture‐expanded. SVF and ASC have been used clinically to improve tendon healing, yet their mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for ASC to act as trophic mediators for tendon healing. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons and adipose tissue were harvested from adult horses to obtain SVF, ASC, and tenocytes. Growth factor gene expression was quantified in SVF and ASC in serial passages and growth factors were quantified in ASC‐conditioned medium (CM). Microchemotaxis assays were performed using ASC‐CM. Tenocytes were grown in co‐culture with autologous ASC or allogeneic SVF. Gene expression for insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α), transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and TGF‐β3 was significantly higher in SVF compared to ASC. Concentrations were significantly increased in ASC‐CM compared to controls for IGF‐1 (4‐fold) and SDF‐1α (6‐fold). Medium conditioned by ASC induced significant cell migration in a dose‐dependent manner. Gene expression for collagen types I and III, decorin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was modestly, but significantly increased following co‐culture of tenocytes with autologous ASC. Our findings support the ability of SVF and ASC to act as trophic mediators in tendon healing, particularly through chemotaxis, which stands to critically impact the intrinsic healing response. In vivo studies to further delineate the potential for SVF and/or ASC to improve tendon healing are warranted. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1429–1439, 2019.
Multi‐Scale Loading and Damage Mechanisms of Plantaris and Rat Tail Tendons
Authors: Lee Andrea H , Elliott Dawn M 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTTendinopathy, degeneration of the tendon that leads to pain and dysfunction, is common in both sports and occupational settings, but multi‐scale mechanisms for tendinopathy are still unknown. We recently showed that micro‐scale sliding (shear) is responsible for both load transfer and damage mechanisms in the rat tail tendon; however, the rat tail tendon is a specialized non‐load‐bearing tendon, and thus the load transfer and damage mechanisms are still unknown for load‐bearing tendons. The objective of this study was to investigate the load transfer and damage mechanisms of load‐bearing tendons using the rat plantaris tendon. We demonstrated that micro‐scale sliding is a key component for both mechanisms in the plantaris tendon, similar to the tail tendon. Namely, the micro‐scale sliding was correlated with applied strain, demonstrating that load was transferred via micro‐scale sliding in the plantaris and tail tendons. In addition, while the micro‐scale strain fully recovered, the micro‐scale sliding was non‐recoverable and strain‐dependent, and correlated with tissue‐scale mechanical parameters. When the applied strain was normalized, the % magnitudes of non‐recoverable sliding was similar between the plantaris and tail tendons. Statement of clinical significance: Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis and progression of tendinopathy can improve prevention and rehabilitation strategies and guide therapies and the design of engineered constructs. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1827–1837, 2019
Effect of elevated carbon dioxide on growth, nutrient partitioning, and uptake of major nutrients by soybean under varied nitrogen application levels
Authors: Lenka Narendra K. , Lenka Sangeeta , Singh K. K. , Kumar Ajay , Aher Satish B. , Yashona Dharmendra Singh , Dey Pradip , Agrawal Pawan Kumar , Biswas A. K. , Patra Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration causes fertilization effects resulting in enhanced crop biomass and yields and thus likely enhances nutrient demand of plants. Hence, this field study was carried out to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 and N on biomass yield, nutrient partitioning, and uptake of major nutrients by soybean (Glycine max L.) using open‐top chambers (OTCs) of 4 m × 4 m size. Soybean was grown in OTCs under two CO2 [ambient and elevated (535 ± 36.9 mg L−1)] and four N levels during July to October 2016. The four N levels were N0, N50, N100, and N150 referring to 0, 50, 100, and 150% recommended dose of N. Both CO2 and N significantly affected biomass and grain yield, though the interaction was non‐significant. CO2 enrichment produced 30–65% higher biomass and 26–59% higher grain yield under various N levels. As compared to the optimum N application (N100), the CO2‐mediated increment in biomass yield decreased with either lower or higher N application, with the response being lowest at N150. As compared to ambient concentration, elevated CO2 resulted in significant reduction of seed P concentration at all N application levels but at N150, an opposite trend was observed. The decrease in seed P was maximum at N0 and N50 (7–9%) and by 3% at N100, whereas there was a gain of 7.5% at N150. The seed N and K concentrations were not affected either by CO2 or N application. Total N, P, and K uptake at harvest were significantly affected by CO2 and N, but not by CO2 × N interaction. Elevated CO2 resulted higher uptake of N by 18–61%, P by 23–62%, and K by 22–62% under various N treatments.
Nutritional values of raw and cooked ‘calçots’ (Allium cepa L. resprouts), an expanding crop
Authors: Sans Silvia , Bobo Gloria , Zudaire Lorena , Lafarga Tomás , Sabaté Josep , Casals Joan , Simó Joan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Calçot’ is the Catalan name for the immature floral stems of second‐year onion resprouts of the Blanca Tardana de Lleida (BTL) landrace. Highly appreciated for their sensory attributes, these resprouts are typically consumed after roasting on an open fire. Now new preparations are appearing, helping to expand the market for ‘calçots’. This study aimed (i) to compare the nutritional and sensory characteristics of BTL ‘calçots’ versus other onion varieties; (ii) to analyze the effects of cooking and / or in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the nutritional properties of ‘calçots’; and (iii) to determine the influence of the environment on the antioxidant properties of ‘calçots’.RESULTSThe nutritional and sensory characteristics of both raw and cooked ‘calçots’ differed between varieties, with the exception of some minerals. Flavonoid content decreased by 85% during cooking, and total phenolic content decreased by 30%. By contrast, antioxidant activity increased after cooking. Most traits had a nonlinear response to heating, and differences between varieties generally decreased after cooking. Location also had a strong effect on antioxidant activity. In vitro digestion of cooked ‘calçots’ sharply decreased antioxidant activity after the intestinal phase. The only significant genotypic correlation between sensory and nutritional quality was the correlation between sweetness and ash content (R = −0.97).CONCLUSIONCooked BTL ‘calçots’ are within the limits of the onion domain for nutritional properties, and the variability reported for onion bulbs is also present in resprouts. The effects of the environment, cooking, and in vitro digestion clearly overlap the genetic effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
From seed to bread: variation in quality in a set of old durum wheat cultivars
Authors: Mefleh Marina , Conte Paola , Fadda Costantino , Giunta Francesco , Motzo Rosella 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDOld durum wheat varieties are being appreciated again because of their interesting genetic diversity and low fertilizer needs.RESULTSThe agronomic and bread‐making performances of 14 old Italian durum wheat varieties grown under two low nitrogen (N) inputs (46 and 86 kg ha−1) were determined and the relationships among grain, semolina, dough and bread quality parameters were established. The old varieties yielded similarly to the check modern variety Svevo under both N levels. Increasing N fertilization from 46 to 86 kg ha−1 did not increase grain yield or the mg of N in the grain, although grain protein percentage increased as a result of a decrease in grain weight and an increase in gliadin content. Despite the resulting decrease in the gluten index, dough and bread quality improved at the higher N rate, highlighting the influential role of protein percentage and gliadin in bread quality. The genotypic variation in grain protein percentage among old varieties was more strongly associated with glutenin than with gliadin content. Variation in the gluten index was high (4–54); indeed, it was the most variable semolina parameter, and proved to contribute the most to variation in bread quality. This variation was independent of the glutenin alleles (HMW 20, 20*, 7, 13+16, 6+8) and was linked to the quality of the grain in terms of grain weight and the associated mg of N per grain. Remarkably, two old varieties, namely Calabria and Cappelli, were able to produce both a good yield and high‐quality bread.CONCLUSIONOld Italian durum wheats continue to boast significant biodiversity and are worth exploring in low‐input production systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Extremity soft tissue sarcoma in the elderly: Are we overtreating or undertreating this potentially vulnerable patient population?
Authors: Gingrich Alicia A. , Bateni Sarah B. , Monjazeb Arta M. , Thorpe Steven W. , Kirane Amanda R. , Bold Richard J. , Canter Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAs the U.S. population ages, differences in oncologic outcomes among the elderly have been recognized. Our objective was to analyze the clinical, pathologic, and treatment outcomes for elderly soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients, hypothesizing significant differences in the management and response to therapy.MethodsUsing the National Cancer Database, we identified 33 859 patients with nonmetastatic extremity STS. We defined elderly as ≥74 years in age and compared patient and treatment variables between adult and elderly patients. Cox‐proportional hazards analysis was used to determine predictors of overall survival (OS).ResultsWe identified 8504 elderly patients. Significant differences in histologic subtype, grade, and facility type between elderly and nonelderly patients (P < 0.05) exist. Elderly patients were less likely to undergo R0 resection (P = 0.001) and had a higher 90‐day mortality (P = 0.001). Surgical elderly patients experienced superior OS compared with nonsurgical patients (P = 0.001). Among elderly patients, younger age, and female sex, lower Charlson‐Deyo score, lower grade, smaller tumors, surgical resection, negative surgical margins, and radiation therapy were associated with better OS.ConclusionsKey differences exist in elderly extremity STS patients, including a narrower benefit/risk ratio with surgical management. These data highlight that elderly patients represent a distinct cohort for whom more careful selection appears indicated.
The association between plasma cholesterol and the effect of tryptophan depletion on heart rate variability
Authors: Lin Shih‐Hsien , Lee I Hui , Tsai Hsin Chun , Chi Mei Hung , Chang Wei Hung , Chen Po See , Chen Kao Chin , Yang Yen Kuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies on the cholesterol‐serotonin hypothesis and its link to mood disorders are scarce. In addition, little is known about the association between cholesterol and the effects of tryptophan depletion (TD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between plasma cholesterol and changes in heart rate variability (HRV), an important marker of depression and anxiety, after TD. The plasma cholesterol levels of 28 healthy participants were noted, and their HRVs were measured by spectrum analysis. TD was carried out on testing day, and participants provided blood samples just before and 5 hours for tryptophan level after TD. HRV was measured again after TD. An association was found between plasma cholesterol levels and the change in HRV. Decreased high frequency HRV was marginally associated with lower levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, while increased low frequency HRV was significantly associated with lower levels of total and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Our findings indicate that low cholesterol levels may play parts of role in the mechanism of the deactivation of parasympathetic, and activation of sympathetic, functions induced by altered serotonergic function.
Three‐dimensional assessment of the pharyngeal airway in Japanese preschoolers with orofacial clefts
Authors: Takahashi Masahiro , Yamaguchi Tetsutaro , Lee Myoung K. , Suzuki Yoko , Adel Mohamed , Tomita Daisuke , Nakawaki Takatoshi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Hikita Yu , Furuhata Mayu , Tsuneoka Misato , Nagahama Ryo , Marazita Mary L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Maki Koutaro 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisIndividuals with orofacial clefts often experience respiratory problems because of nasopharyngeal abnormalities. Pharyngeal airway morphology is thought to differ among the various cleft types. We measured three‐dimensional (3D) airway volume using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis to evaluate and compare pharyngeal airways in Japanese preschoolers with and without orofacial clefts.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsWe enrolled 83 subjects (37 boys, 46 girls; mean age = 4.66 ± 0.56 years) with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts and 16 noncleft healthy subjects (seven boys, nine girls; mean age = 5.30 ± 0.52 years) as controls. The subjects were divided into five groups. Four groups were based on the cleft type: isolated cleft palate, unilateral cleft lip and alveolus), unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. The fifth group included the noncleft controls. All subjects were examined with CBCT, and the 3D airway volume was measured. We analyzed group differences statistically using analysis of covariance with the Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparison tests for the corrected means.ResultsCompared with the noncleft group, each cleft group exhibited significantly decreased total and nasal airway volumes and increased superior and inferior pharyngeal airway volumes. The differences were all statistically significant.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that anatomical differences exist in pharyngeal airway volumes among various cleft groups and in those without a cleft.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 130:533–540, 2020
Mapping of human papilloma virus, p16, and epstein‐barr virus in non‐malignant tonsillar disease
Authors: Holm Anna , Schindele Alexandra , Allard Annika , Eriksson Irene , Sandström Karl , Laurell Göran , Nylander Karin , Olofsson Katarina 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesDue to their location in the entrance of the aero‐digestive tract, tonsils are steadily exposed to viruses. Human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) are two potentially oncogenic viruses that tonsils encounter. The incidence of HPV positive tonsillar cancer is on the rise and it is unknown when infection with HPV occurs.AimTo investigate if tonsils are infected with HPV and EBV, to study the co‐expression of HPV and its surrogate marker p16, and to evaluate the number of EBV positive cells in benign tonsillar disease.Materials and MethodsTonsils from 40 patients in a university hospital were removed due to hypertrophy, chronic or recurrent infection. These were analyzed for presence of HPV, its surrogate marker p16, and EBV. HPV was studied using PapilloCheck (a PCR method), while p16 was identified in epithelial and lymphoid tissue with immunohistochemistry and EBV using EBER‐ISH (Epstein‐Barr encoding region–in situ hybridization).ResultsHPV was not detected, and p16 was present at low numbers in all epithelial samples as well as in 92.5% of the lymphoid tonsillar samples. At least one EBER‐positive cell was seen in 65% of cases. Larger numbers of EBER‐expressing cells were only seen in two cases.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that EBV and HPV infect tonsils independently, but further studies are warranted to confirm their infectious relationship.Level of EvidenceCross‐sectional study
Comparison of soil properties measurements in pipeline corrosion estimation
Authors: Marušić Katarina , Kekez Krešimir , Martinez Sanja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSoil corrosion is a hazardous electrochemical process that affects buried metals in contact with soil. Corrosion in soils resembles atmospheric corrosion with corrosion rates usually higher and depending on the soil type. There are numerous properties of soil and thus soils can be classified in many different ways. Soil resistivity is one of the main indicators of soil corrosivity and thus of the hazardous impact the soil has on metal materials in the soil environment, although it is not the only parameter affecting the risk of corrosion damage. In this study on‐site measurements and laboratory measurements of soil characteristics are performed and compared. On‐site measurements include measuring the redox potential and soil resistivity by Wenner 4‐pin method, while the measurements in the laboratory include measuring soil conductivity, as well as moisture content, pH, content of sulphates, chlorides, and sulfides and polarization measurements, which give the most accurate results. The measurements have shown that if the Wenner 4‐pin method is performed in a convenient way the obtained results are not precise but can give an indicative picture of the corrosivity of the observed soil.
Corrosion and mechanical properties of age‐hardened UNS N06625 forged bars for oil and gas applications
Authors: Febbrari Andrea , Gelfi Marcello , Giovanardi Roberto , Montesano Lorenzo , Pola Annalisa , Montani Raimondo , Veronesi Chiara , Cavagnola Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUNS N06625 is a well‐known nickel‐base superalloy generally used in annealed condition due to its excellent corrosion resistance in the most severe environments containing sulfides and chlorides at high pressure and temperature. In general, the most efficient way to increase the alloy strength is by cold working, but obviously, this cannot be applied in case of large forgings. Actually, looking at its chemical composition, UNS N06625 can be considered an age‐hardenable material, whose mechanical strength can be improved by promoting the second phase γ″ precipitation in the matrix. The aim of this paper was to assess the achievable mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of UNS N06625 forged bars in age‐hardened condition with respect to the annealed one, to understand the feasibility of this not conventional heat treatment for the industrial application.