bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear
S
-Nitrosylation Defines an Optimal Zone for Inducing Pluripotency
Authors: Chanda Palas K. , Meng Shu , Lee Jieun , Leung Honchiu E. , Chen Kaifu , Cooke John P. 
Published: August 2019

Background:

We found that cell-autonomous innate immune signaling causes global changes in the expression of epigenetic modifiers to facilitate nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency. A role of
S
-nitrosylation by inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, an important effector of innate immunity, has been previously described in the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to endothelial cells. Accordingly, we hypothesized that
S
-nitrosylation might also have a role in nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency.

Methods:

We used murine embryonic fibroblasts containing a doxycycline-inducible cassette encoding the Yamanaka factors (
Oct4
,
Sox2
,
Klf4
, and c-
Myc
), and genetic or pharmacological inhibition of inducible NO synthase together with the Tandem Mass Tag approach, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, site-directed mutagenesis, and micrococcal nuclease assay to determine the role of
S
-nitrosylation during nuclear reprogramming to pluripotency.

Results:

We show that an optimal zone of innate immune activation, as defined by maximal yield of induced pluripotent stem cells, is determined by the degree of activation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; NO generation;
S
-nitrosylation of nuclear proteins; and DNA accessibility as reflected by histone markings and increased mononucleosome generation in a micrococcal nuclease assay. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of inducible NO synthase reduces DNA accessibility and suppresses induced pluripotent stem cell generation. The effect of NO on DNA accessibility is mediated in part by
S
-nitrosylation of nuclear proteins, including MTA3 (Metastasis Associated 1 Family Member 3), a subunit of NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex.
S
-Nitrosylation of MTA3 is associated with decreased NuRD activity. Overexpression of mutant MTA3, in which the 2 cysteine residues are replaced by alanine residues, impairs the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells.

Conclusions:
This is the first report showing that DNA accessibility and induced pluripotent stem cell yield depend on the extent of cell-autonomous innate immune activation and NO generation. This “Goldilocks zone” for inflammatory signaling and epigenetic plasticity may have broader implications for cell fate and phenotypic fluidity.
Does Sex Modify the Effect of Endovascular Treatment for Ischemic Stroke?
Authors: Chalos Vicky , de Ridder Inger R. , Lingsma Hester F. , Brown Scott , van Oostenbrugge Robert J. , Goyal Mayank , Campbell Bruce C.V. , Muir Keith W. , Guillemin Francis , Bracard Serge , White Philip , Dávalos Antoni , Jovin Tudor G. , Hill Michael D. , Mitchell Peter J. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Saver Jeffrey L. , van Zwam Wim H. , Dippel Diederik W.J. ,   on behalf of the HERMES Collaborators
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies have reported less favorable outcome and less effect of endovascular treatment (EVT) after ischemic stroke in women than in men. Our aim was to study the influence of sex on outcome and on the effect of EVT for ischemic stroke in recent randomized trials on EVT.

Methods—
We used data from 7 randomized controlled trials on EVT within the HERMES collaboration. The primary outcome was 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale). We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes between men and women. With ordinal logistic regression, we evaluated the association between EVT and 90-day functional outcome for men and women separately, adjusted for potential confounders. We tested for interaction between sex and EVT.

Results—

We included 1762 patients in the analyses, of whom 833 (47%) were women. Women were older (median, 70 versus 66 years;
P
<0.001), were smoking less often (30% versus 44%;
P
<0.001), and had higher collateral grades (grade 3: 46% versus 35%;
P
<0.001) than men. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) at 90 days was reached by 318 women (39%) and 364 men (39%). The effect of EVT on the ordinal modified Rankin Scale was similar in women (adjusted common odds ratio [acOR], 2.13; 95% CI, 1.47–3.07) and men (acOR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.59–2.96), with a
P
for interaction of 0.926.

Conclusions—
Sex does not influence clinical outcome after EVT and does not modify treatment effect of EVT. Therefore, sex should not be a consideration in the selection of patients for EVT.
β-Estradiol Protects Against Acidosis-Mediated and Ischemic Neuronal Injury by Promoting ASIC1a (Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a) Protein Degradation
Authors: Zhou Renpeng , Leng Tiandong , Yang Tao , Chen Feihu , Hu Wei , Xiong Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—
Sex differences in the incidence and outcome of stroke have been well documented. The severity of stroke in women is, in general, significantly lower than that in men, which is mediated, at least in part, by the protective effects of β-estradiol. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection by β-estradiol are still elusive. Recent studies have demonstrated that activation of ASIC1a (acid-sensing ion channel 1a) by tissue acidosis, a common feature of brain ischemia, plays an important role in ischemic brain injury. In the present study, we assessed the effects of β-estradiol on acidosis-mediated and ischemic neuronal injury both in vitro and in vivo and explored the involvement of ASIC1a and underlying mechanism.

Methods—

Cultured neurons and NS20Y cells were subjected to acidosis-mediated injury in vitro. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays, respectively. Transient (60 minutes) focal ischemia in mice was induced by suture occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in vivo. ASIC currents were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique while intracellular Ca
2+
concentration was measured with fluorescence imaging using Fura-2. ASIC1a expression was detected by Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results—

Treatment of neuronal cells with β-estradiol decreased acidosis-induced cytotoxicity. ASIC currents and acid-induced elevation of intracellular Ca
2+
were all attenuated by β-estradiol treatment. In addition, we showed that β-estradiol treatment reduced ASIC1a protein expression, which was mediated by increased protein degradation, and that estrogen receptor α was involved. Finally, we showed that the level of ASIC1a protein expression in brain tissues and the degree of neuroprotection by ASIC1a blockade were lower in female mice, which could be attenuated by ovariectomy.

Conclusions—
β-estradiol can protect neurons against acidosis-mediated neurotoxicity and ischemic brain injury by suppressing ASIC1a protein expression and channel function.

Visual Overview—

An online
visual overview
is available for this article.
The Making of Sci-Art
Authors: Trickett Terry 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Sci-Art was an idea whose time had come; it helped to kickstart a new way of discovery that has had a lasting impact on scientific method and art practice. The fortuitous set of circumstances that secured the Wellcome Trust's longterm sponsorship of the idea (1997–2006) is related here by Terry Trickett. In responding to a leading question from New York's Cynthia Pannucci, he describes the early years of sci-art, when artists succeeded in penetrating the realm of science and scientists discovered a new creative impetus through art.
Knowledge Discovery and the Aesthetics of Big Data: Simulating the Herschel Observatory
Authors: Mulligan John , Carvalho Adolfo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe authors, an astrophysics student and a humanities researcher, developed a simulation of William Herschel's visual experience during his observational runs, bringing to life archival data produced by William and his sister Caroline Herschel, who are credited with having invented modern cosmology. From a media studies perspective, the use of intensive computational resources to produce boring, accurate, realtime simulations of William Herschel's observations helps us to confront our conflation of visual complexity with reality in the era of big data. At the intersection of data science, the history of science and media studies, the project proposes the aesthetics of boredom as a means of dwelling with the sense of big data as “big” relative to modes of knowledge production.
An Outward and Visible Sign of an Inward and Spiritual Grace
Authors: Miller Renberg Lynneth J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Drawing on Headlam’s sermons, pamphlets, and letters, this article explores his theology of the ballet, a theology made possible by his conception of sacrament and sacramental bodies. Headlam’s incarnational sacramentalism not only enabled a support of the stage as divinely created and a sacrosanct space, but created an approach to dancers, particularly women, that was distinct in its treatment of all bodies as the same in potentiality before God. His sacramentalism defied the standard conflation of dance with female transgression and male danger. Accordingly, Headlam’s vision of the earthly kingdom of God was one in which there was truly neither male nor female, and in which the stage and its ballerinas could act as models of the grace of Christ rather than as reflections of fallen humanity.
βαπτίζω “Signifies to Dip or to Wash, but Never to Sprinkle”
Authors: Roldán-Figueroa Rady 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article argues that Baptists, General and Particular, linked the practice of immersion or dipping with a lay and anti-clerical conception of Christian ministry. Moreover, it claims that Baptist leaders who were involved in the introduction of dipping saw the practice as a sign of lay supremacy. The argument traces the Baptist laical and anti-clerical conception of Christian ministry by examining relevant texts by Baptists leaders such as Thomas Helwys (1556–1616), John Murton (1585–c. 1626), and Edmund Chillenden (fl. 1631–1678). Drawing on Rosemary O’Day’s “professionalization thesis,” the contention is made that Particular Baptists moved away from the strong anti-clericalism of the movement in the direction of the adoption of professional standards of ministry. Moreover, the article examines the strong correlation between the themes of laical authority and dipping in tracts that were published between 1641 and 1645 by Edward Barber (d. 1663), A.R. (fl. 1642), Benjamin Cox (1595–1663?), Hanserd Knollys (1598–1691), and William Kiffin (1616–1701).
Dort Outwitted by the Remonstrants
Authors: van Vlastuin Willem 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The Canons of Dort had not only defenders, moderate accepters, and offenders, but also critical accepters. One of these was Herman Friedrich Kohlbrugge (1803–1875). In the first part of this article this agreement with the doctrine of Dort is investigated. It appears that he accepted the reformed tradition, including the doctrine of predestination, and disagreed with the Arminian interpretation of grace. In the second part of this article, Kohlbrugge’s criticism of Dort is highlighted and placed in context; an analysis which leads one to a deeper understanding of the way in which Kohlbrugge accepted the theological and spiritual content of Dort. The article concludes that Kohlbrugge remained faithful to the Canons of Dort throughout his life, that he understood the Canons to be an interpretative explanation of the Belgic Confession and the Heidelberg Catechism, and that he interpreted the Canons of Dort in a dynamic Christ-centred way.
Arme Waise mit reichem Erbe
Authors: Seebold Elmar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Gmc. and oir. *orbho- ‘inheritance’ can be derived from the preliminary stage of oir. erbaid ‘entrust’; gr., lt. and arm. *orbho- ‘orphan’ could be derived from a word with prothetic vowel o- and reflect a root *rebh-. From these possibilities can be deduced that the two orbo’s are different words from beginning.
Metalinguistic comments as a tool for bottom-up language policy
Authors: Dorleijn Margreet 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article demonstrates that analyzing evaluative metalinguistic comments on linguistic features can be a valuable diagnostic tool in understanding how emergent varieties develop and conventionalize. The paper provides a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of metalinguistic activity as part of the diverse sociolinguistic research disciplines. It then discusses what constitutes an evaluative metalinguistic comment, and classifies metalinguistic comments. Subsequently, the paper discusses data of a developing variety (Turkish-Dutch mixed speech). These data suggest that insiders monitor implicit norms, and reprimand transgressors, and/or deliberately transgress these norms (mostly in a humorous way), which amounts to the same thing: a keen awareness of these norms. Outsiders notice linguistic elements which contrast with their own variety.
Motivation in pidgin and creole genesis
Authors: Parkvall Mikael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Almost all creolists see creole formation as a case of (failed) second language acquisition. I argue that there are good reasons to distinguish between second language acquisition and pidginisation/creolisation, and that little is gained by equating the two. While learners have an extant language as their target, pidginisers typically aim to communicate (in any which way) rather than to acquire a specific language. In this sense, pidginisation represents, if not “conscious language change”, at least “conscious language creation”.
<p><strong>A new species of <em>Astragalus</em> section <em>Laguropsis</em> (Fabaceae: Galegeae) from a cross-border highland region of Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia</strong></p>
Authors: PYAK ANDREI I. , PYAK ELIZAVETA A. 
Published: August 2019

Astragalus admirabilus Pyak & E.Pyak (Fabaceae: Galegeae), a new species from a cross-border highland region of Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia, is described and illustrated. This species belongs to section Laguropsis. Diagnostic morphological characters for discriminating this new species from closely similar A. zaissanensis and A. dilutus are tabulated. It differs from A. zaissanensis by the colour of the corolla (yellowish-white with purple keel and purple upper part of the standard vs. yellow) and its longer pods (13–14 vs. 10 mm). It differs from A. dilutus by its larger flowers (23–25 vs. 17–20 mm), its shorter peduncles (shorter than leaves vs. equal or longer than leaves) and number of flowers per inflorescence (5–8(–9) vs. 15–20). Notes are presented on the distribution, ecology and conservation status of the new taxon.
Acricotopus indet. morphotype incurvatus: Description and genetics of a new Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) larval morphotype from the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: LAUG ANDREAS , HAMERLÍK LADISLAV , ANSLAN STEN , ENGELS STEFAN , TURNER FALKO , WANG JUNBO , SCHWALB ANTJE 
Published: August 2019

High mountain ranges such as the Tibetan Plateau with an average altitude above 4500 m are topographically complex formations. Elevational gradients, physiographic diversity and climatic heterogeneity have led to highly biodiverse ecosystems in these regions. Mountain ranges can be seen as cradles of evolution and harbour, due to their unique characteristics, a high number of highly adapted species. At the same time these areas are hard to access and therefore taxonomic information is limited. Here we describe a new Acricotopus (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) larval morphotype occurring in lakes and ponds of differing salinity and water depths located on the Southern and Central Tibetan Plateau. The description is based on larvae and their genetics (ribosomal 18S, 28S and mitochondrial COI sequences) collected from a shallow pond in close proximity to the large saline lake Selin Co. Larvae of Acricotopus indet. morphotype incurvatus are characterized by a mentum with a cluster of lateral teeth, partially folded inwards, a mandible with a toothed lobe in addition to four inner teeth and a sclerotized plate positioned behind the mentum. Up to now, these morphological features have only been found in early instars of other Acricotopus species. The proposed morphotype name is inspired by the peculiar form of the mentum.
Improving Wind Energy Forecasting through Numerical Weather Prediction Model Development
Authors: Olson Joseph B. , Kenyon Jaymes S. , Djalalova Irina , Bianco Laura , Turner David D. , Pichugina Yelena , Choukulkar Aditya , Toy Michael D. , Brown John M. , Angevine Wayne M. , Akish Elena , Bao Jian-Wen , Jimenez Pedro , Kosovic Branko , Lundquist Katherine A. , Draxl Caroline , Lundquist Julie K. , McCaa Jim , McCaffrey Katherine , Lantz Kathy , Long Chuck , Wilczak Jim , Banta Robert , Marquis Melinda , Redfern Stephanie , Berg Larry K. , Shaw Will , Cline Joel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe primary goal of the Second Wind Forecast Improvement Project (WFIP2) is to advance the state-of-the-art of wind energy forecasting in complex terrain. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive 18-month field measurement campaign was conducted in the region of the Columbia River basin. The observations were used to diagnose and quantify systematic forecast errors in the operational High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model during weather events of particular concern to wind energy forecasting. Examples of such events are cold pools, gap flows, thermal troughs/marine pushes, mountain waves, and topographic wakes. WFIP2 model development has focused on the boundary layer and surface-layer schemes, cloud–radiation interaction, the representation of drag associated with subgrid-scale topography, and the representation of wind farms in the HRRR. Additionally, refinements to numerical methods have helped to improve some of the common forecast error modes, especially the high wind speed biases associated with early erosion of mountain–valley cold pools. This study describes the model development and testing undertaken during WFIP2 and demonstrates forecast improvements. Specifically, WFIP2 found that mean absolute errors in rotor-layer wind speed forecasts could be reduced by 5%–20% in winter by improving the turbulent mixing lengths, horizontal diffusion, and gravity wave drag. The model improvements made in WFIP2 are also shown to be applicable to regions outside of complex terrain. Ongoing and future challenges in model development will also be discussed.
Global Monsoon Responses to Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variations during the Twentieth Century: Evidence from AGCM Simulations
Authors: Jiang Jie , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultidecadal variations in the global land monsoon were observed during the twentieth century, with an overall increasing trend from 1901 to 1955 that was followed by a decreasing trend up to 1990, but the mechanisms governing the above changes remain inconclusive. Based on the outputs of two atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) forced by historical sea surface temperature (SST) covering the twentieth century, supplemented with AGCM simulations forced by idealized SST anomalies representing different conditions of the North Atlantic and tropical Pacific, evidence shows that the observed changes can be partly reproduced, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon (NHSM) domain, demonstrating the modulation of decadal SST changes on the long-term variations in monsoon precipitation. Moisture budget analysis is performed to understand the interdecadal changes in monsoon precipitation, and the dynamic term associated with atmospheric circulation changes is found to be prominent, while the contribution of the thermodynamic term associated with humidity changes can lead to coincident wetting over the NHSM domain. The increase (decrease) in NHSM land precipitation during 1901–55 (1956–90) is associated with the strengthening (weakening) of NHSM circulation and Walker circulation. The multidecadal scale changes in atmospheric circulation are driven by SST anomalies over the North Atlantic and the Pacific. A warmer North Atlantic together with a colder eastern tropical Pacific and a warmer western subtropical Pacific can lead to a strengthened meridional gradient in mid-to-upper-tropospheric thickness and strengthened trade winds, which transport more water vapor into monsoon regions, leading to an increase in monsoon precipitation.
The Role of Extratropical Air–Sea Interaction in the Autumn Subseasonal Variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Nie Yu , Ren Hong-Li , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding the internal eddy–mean flow feedback in the subseasonal variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during winter. Using daily atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data, this study highlights the role of extratropical air–sea interaction in the NAO variability during autumn when the daily sea surface temperature (SST) variability is more active and eddy–mean flow interactions are still relevant. Our analysis shows that a horseshoe-like SST tripolar pattern in the North Atlantic Ocean, marked by a cold anomaly in the Gulf Stream and two warm anomalies to the south of the Gulf Stream and off the western coast of northern Europe, can induce a quasi-barotropic NAO-like atmospheric response through eddy-mediated processes. An initial southwest–northeast tripolar geopotential anomaly in the North Atlantic forces this horseshoe-like SST anomaly tripole. Then the SST anomalies, through surface heat flux exchange, alter the spatial patterns of the lower-tropospheric temperature and thus baroclinicity anomalies, which are manifested as the midlatitude baroclinicity shifted poleward and reduced baroclinicity poleward of 70°N. In response to such changes of the lower-level baroclinicity, anomalous synoptic eddy generation, eddy kinetic energy, and eddy momentum forcing in the midlatitudes all shift poleward. Meanwhile, the 10–30-day low-frequency anticyclonic wave activities in the high latitudes decrease significantly. We illustrate that both the latitudinal displacement of midlatitude synoptic eddy activities and intensity variation of high-latitude low-frequency wave activities contribute to inducing the NAO-like anomalies.