bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Disease in NZB/Bl Mice
Authors: MELLORS ROBERT C. , Landy Dolores A. , Bardell David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Malignant lymphoma was found in 4 of 20 NZB/Bl mice (of the 61st generation) selected for laboratory examinations and autopsy at 9 to 11 months of age. The malignant lymphomas were of two histologic types, reticulum cell sarcoma and pleomorphic malignant lymphoma, the latter term being used to designate malignant neoplasms arising in lymphatic tissue, composed of mesenchymal cells of diverse appearance—mainly plasma cells of blast, immature, mature and Russell-body types but also large primitive (stem) cells, reticulum cells, and lymphocytes of large and small size—and frequently associated with gammopathies. One of the reticulum cell sarcomas was transplantable to, and produced lethal disseminated growth in, other NZB/Bl mice.
In each example of malignant lymphoma, warm hemagglutinins (to papain-treated mouse red cells) were demonstrable in serum. Autoimmune hemolytic disease and chronic membranous glomerulonephritis, both of common occurrence in NZB/Bl mice of comparable age, were also present. In one instance of pleomorphic malignant lymphoma, hypergammaglobulinemia of unusual quantity and quality drew attention to the possibility of lymphomatous disease.
Some evidence was brought forth indicating that in the majority of instances the autoimmune diseases preceded the malignant lymphomas. While the coexistence of autoimmunity and lymphoid neoplasia conceivably reflects nothing more than chance occurrence, other interpretations were considered: the proliferative advantage engendered in immunologically competent cells in autoimmune disease may be a step in the direction of lymphoid neoplasia; or, in some instances autoantibodies may be produced by, or in response to, the neoplastic lymphoid cells.
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Hematopoietic Organs of the Polycythemic Mouse
Authors: NAKAO K. , TAKAKU F. , FUJIOKA S. , SASSA S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increased RNA-P32/DNA-P32 ratio, iron incorporation and heme synthesis in spleens of polycythemic mice was demonstrated following an injection of erythropoietin. These changes were correlated with the appearance of erythroblasts. These findings suggest an intimate relation between RNA synthesis and stem cell differentiation.
Family Study in Addisonian Pernicious Anemia
Authors: ARDEMAN S. , CHANARIN I. , JACOBS A. , GRIFFITHS LORRAINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Addisonian pernicious anemia was present in 6 of 9 siblings (Generation II). All 9 siblings had evidence of gastric pathology as judged by the presence of antibodies against parietal cells, abnormalities in the gastric biopsy, and diminution of secretion of acid and intrinsic factor.
Parietal cell antibodies were present in 10 of 17 offspring of these 9 siblings who were available for study. Gastric biopsy in the older members of this generation (III) showed atrophic gastritis; some of the younger members showed superficial gastritis.
Loss of intrinsic factor was always accompanied by loss of gastric secreting cells and there was no evidence that decline of intrinsic factor secretion occurred independently of hydrochloric acid.
Measurement of the Amounts of the Individual Vitamin B12, Binding Proteins in Plasma
Authors: HALL CHARLES A. , FINKLER ALEXANDER E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The vitamin B12 binding capacities of transcobalamin I and II were evaluated in plasma from patients with diseases known to affect the plasma binding. In CML in relapse, the capacity of TC II was very much diminished or absent. The capacity of TC I was very much increased. There was a lesser degree of both abnormalities during remission and in AML. There was either diminished or absent binding to TC II in PA but the capacity of TC I was not altered.
The Erythropoietic Effect of Hematocrit Variations in Normovolemic Rabbits
Authors: ERSLEV ALLAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurements of erythropoietin titer and serum iron turnover were carried out in rabbits 48 hours after the induction of normovolemic anemias and polycythemias. Although viscosity studies of blood at various hematocrits indicate that the oxygen flow to the tissues is impaired both in anemia and polycythemia, only anemias were found to be associated with production of erythropoietin and with accelerated serum iron turnover. It was concluded that if polycythemia with its associated high viscosity leads to tissue hypoxia, this tissue hypoxia will not cause production of erythropoietin.
Actinomycin and Erythropoiesis and the Production of Erythropoietin in Mice
Authors: KEIGHLEY GEOFFREY , LOWY PETER H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In B6D2F1 female mice a single dose of 10 µg. of actinomycin will suppress normal erythropoiesis. In polycythemic mice 2 µg. is enough to prevent the stimulatory effect of 0.25 A units of erythropoietin. The curves of suppression and recovery versus time support the hypothesis that erythropoietin acts for a short time in an early stage of erythropoiesis; after this early stage developing cells are no longer so sensitive to actinomycin. Recovery, even from repeated doses, is rapid and adequate. Amounts of actinomycin which are adequate to abolish erythropoiesis do not prevent the new appearance of erythropoietin in the plasma of hypoxic mice.
Platelet Amino Acid Levels in Essential Thrombocytosis
Authors: NACHMAN RALPH L. , HOROWITZ HERBERT I. , SILVER RICHARD T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies on the platelets from three patients with essential thrombocytosis were presented. The intraplatelet free amino acid levels were elevated and the pseudo-hyperkalemic phenomenon was present. In one subject the pseudohyperkalemic phenomenon was reversed after a therapeutic remission, but the elevation of amino acids persisted. The data suggest that a qualitative abnormality may exist in the platelets of patients with essential thrombocytosis.
Progressive Antithrombin: A Three-Phase System
Authors: HENSTELL HENRY H. , KLIGERMAN MIRIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Data are presented which demonstrate that progressive antithrombin activity results from the interaction of three factors: antithrombin, an antithrombin inhibitor, and a platelet factor. In plasma, the antithrombin is held inactive by combination with inhibitor so that no free antithrombic activity is present. When platelets are disrupted—namely, in clotting—the platelet factor made available binds the inhibitor, releasing antithrombin to react with thrombin.
2. Antithrombin was isolated from plasma in the 70-75 per cent ammonium sulfate fraction. It was relatively heat stable at 56-57 C. for 5 minutes and was not soluble in perchloric acid.
3. Inhibitor was isolated from plasma in the 30-50 per cent ammonium sulfate fraction. It was inactivated at 56-57 C. for 5 minutes. It was soluble in perchloric acid in which it was purified by a factor of 300.
4. Platelet factor was present in the sedimentable fragments of platelets.
Factor 13 Deficiency with Severe Hemorrhagic Diathesis
Authors: FISHER SHARON , RIKOVER MOSHE , NAOR SHIMON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report presents the first case of Factor 13 deficiency in an adult female. Her hemorrhagic manifestations were repeated and severe: umbilical vein bleeding at birth, hematomas on various sites, late bleeding after cuts and, most important, severe uterine bleedings during 12 pregnancies, which were all interrupted by spontaneous abortions.
Plasma infusions, assuring a Factor 13 concentration of less than 10 per cent of its normal level, normalized the hemostatic functions of the patient’s plasma clots and rendered them insoluble in concentrated urea solutions.
By regular transfusions of plasma the patient’s last pregnancy had a normal course; a cesarian section was performed without any incident, and she gave birth to a normal child.
The Production of Hemoglobin C in Sheep Carrying the Gene for Hemoglobin A: Hematologic Aspects
Authors: MOORE S. L. , GODLEY W. C. , VAN VLIET G. , LEWIS J. P. , BOYD E. , HUISMAN T. H. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The first part of this study describes the hematologic and physiologic changes observed in sheep homozygous for the hemoglobin A during severe blood loss anemia. It was found possible thus experimentally to replace Hb A entirely with a new hemoglobin type, Hb C. The following additional observations were made: (1) Hb C could not be distinguished from Hb A by submitting the appropriate red blood cells to an "acid elution" technic. These two hemoglobin types were found to be more resistant to this treatment than a second adult hemoglobin type, Hb B, while the fetal hemoglobin of the new-born lamb was found to be highly resistant. In sheep heterozygous for Hb A and Hb B, both hemoglobin types were equally distributed among all red blood cells. (2) During stages of severe blood loss relatively small quantities of acid resistant red blood cells of larger size were demonstrable in homozygous Hb A sheep; these cells were considered to be reticulocytes. Additional observations regarding variations in red cell parameters are also presented. (3) The oxygen affinities and the Bohr effects of blood samples and red cell hemolysates containing over 90 per cent Hb C are presented and compared with those of samples containing only Hb A, Hb B or the hemoglobin of the newborn lamb.
Attempts to produce Hb C in sheep homozygous for Hb A by means other than phlebotomy are described in the second part of this report. Small amounts of Hb C were demonstrable in a sheep homozygous for Hb A after repeated injections of a urinary extract of human origin with high erythropoietic activity. Administration of cobalt and of thyroxin did not result in the formation of significant amounts of Hb C.
Hemoglobin H Disease
Authors: NECHELES THOMAS F. , CATES MARJORIE , SHEEHAN RICHARD G. , MEYER HEIDI J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Three siblings with Hb H thalassemia disease have been observed in a family in which 17 members from 3 generations have been examined. Four additional family members have α-thalassemia minor.
2. A genetic examination of the family provides further evidence for the theory that Hb H thalassemia disease is due to the interaction of the α-thalassemia gene and another "silent" gene which, however, does appear to produce minor morphologic abnormalities when present alone.
3. Reevaluation of the effects of splenectomy indicate that this procedure may be of significant benefit only in the more severe cases of Hb H disease.
Platelet Function in a Patient with Thrombasthenia
Authors: ZUCKER MARJORIE B. , PERT JAMES H. , HILGARTNER MARGARET W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The platelets of a patient with congenital thrombasthenia were not aggregated by ADP, thrombin, connective tissue particles, Polybrene, or phospholipase C, and did not adhere to glass as measured either on a glass slide or by retention in a glass-bead column. Clot retraction was markedly diminished. Raising the magnesium level partially corrected clot retraction but did not restore ADP-induced clumping. The platelets were less able to promote prothrombin consumption. Fibrinogen concentration in the supernatant of frozen and thawed platelets was low, but surface fibrinogen appeared to be normal.
The thrombasthenic platelets were normal in the following respects: concentration of ATP and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase; adhesion to connective tissue fibers; aggregation by antiplatelet serum; microelectrophoretic mobility; isoelectric point; disc shape of platelets at 37 C.; ability of platelets to change shape with ADP or cold; decrease in ATP concentration and auramine staining of granules by thrombin; release of serotonin, ADP, and other materials absorbing at 260 mµ. by thrombin or connective tissue particles; liberation of acid phosphatase during blood clotting; and platelet Factor 5 activity.
It is concluded that responses of thrombasthenic platelets to thrombin and connective tissue particles are normal except that the liberated ADP fails to cause aggregation. The first stage of the reaction to ADP, transformation from disc to spiny sphere, is normal. Still to be determined at the molecular level is the cause(s) of failure of clot retraction and ADP-induced aggregation and the relationship of these defects to the low fibrinogen concentration of platelet extracts.
The Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction in Neutrophil Leukocytes in Untreated and Myleran-Treated Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: GAHRTON GÖSTA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microspectrophotometric quantification of the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction has been performed in about 3,000 individual mature neutrophil leukocytes from 20 normal subjects and 23 patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), of whom 10 were untreated or in relapse and 13 in partial remission or remission.
The PAS reaction was taken as a quantitative measure of the cellular amount of PAS reactive material (PASMa), most probably equivalent to glycogen. The mean amount of PASMa in neutrophils from untreated and relapse cases of CML was 43 per cent less than in normal neutrophils. The frequency distribution of PASMa per cell was normal in individual cases. In clinical remission after Myleran treatment, the neutrophils contained normal amounts of PASMa.
Detection and Quantitation of Minor Erythrocyte Populations in an Admixture by Means of Fluorescent Antibody: Rhesus Monkey
Authors: BOGDEN ARTHUR E. , GRAY JAMES H. , Najemy Rosemary , Giofreda Sheryl 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The five rabbit antirhesus monkey erythrocyte specificities of Owen and Anderson1 have been confirmed. An additional specificity, designated "F," has been found in 91.2 per cent of rhesus animals tested. Antiserum reagents with the A and B reactivities have been used in the indirect fluorescent antibody technic to detect and quantitate minor rhesus erythrocyte populations in admixture with a major population. Specific fluorescence was achieved with wet, unfixed preparations and was "all-or-none." A rapid method for the estimation of minor to major cell population ratios well above 1:1000 is presented.
Brief Note Nuclear Projections in Neutrophils
Authors: MÉHES K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
All these findings and the contradictory data in the literature show that the different types of nuclear projections in neutrophils, excluding the genetically determined drumsticks and sessile nodules, are nonspecific pseudosegments of the leukocytes. Their appearance depends on the segmentation, aging, and metabolism of the neutrophils. These features might be influenced by many factors, including possible hormonal effects. Our observations have shown, for instance, that androgens might induce an increase in the number of nuclear appendages. Although the appearance of these figures may be associated with certain diseases, it should not be regarded as a specific sign for a single pathologic or physiologic condition.
Urinary Iron Excretion and Renal Metabolism of Hemoglobin in Hemolytic Diseases
Authors: SEARS DAVID A. , ANDERSON PEARL R. , FOY ARTHUR L. , WILLIAMS HAROLD L. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative studies of urinary iron excretion were performed in 12 patients with hemolytic disease and in one normal subject given an intravenous infusion of hemoglobin. In 9 patients with significant intravascular hemolysis, increased urinary excretion of nonhemoglobin iron was observed with amounts as high as 10.75 mg. pen 24 hours. In 7 of 8 patients in whom fractions of the urinary iron were studied, the majority of the iron was in the sediment (hemosiderin). Ferritin was demonstrated in the urine by immunologic and electrophoretic technics and accounted for a significant percentage of iron excreted. In several patients, day-night variations in hemolysis were associated with parallel fluctuations in iron excretion.
The results were analyzed in relation to current concepts of glomerular clearance and renal tubular metabolism of hemoglobin. The significance to body iron balance of the massive "iron diuresis" occurring in some of these patients was discussed.
Plasma Infusions in Immunologic Deficiency States: Metabolic and Therapeutic Studies
Authors: STIEHM E. RICHARD , VAERMAN J.-P. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serial immunologic measurements were used to study the metabolic behavior of the immune globulins (γG-, γM- and γA-globulins) in patients with agammaglobulinemia after plasmapheresis and plasma infusion and in newborn infants after exchange transfusion. These studies were supplemented by metabolic and distribution studies of I131-labeled γA-globulin (isolated from serum or breast milk) and I131-labeled γG-globulin in normal and agammaglobulinemic subjects. The therapeutic benefit of periodic plasma infusions in patients with agammaglobulinemia and the Aldrich syndrome was also assessed.
In the agammaglobulinemic patients, the mean half-lives of γG-, γM- and γA-globulin were 32, 9.6 and 5.9 days, respectively. In the transfused infants, the mean half-lives of γM- and γA-globulins were 7.4 and 4.3 days, respectively. Agreement existed between simultaneously determined immunologic and radioactive survival times, except when I131-labeled γA-globulin isolated from serum was used; this preparation had a shorter half-life than the γA-globulin of infused plasma, probably as a result of denaturation during the isolation procedure. Studies on 2 normal and 3 agammaglobulinemic subjects showed that 65 to 85 per cent of breast milk I131-labeled γA-globulin was distributed within the tissues. I131-labeled γA-globulin was not demonstrable in the breast milk of 2 lactating women or in the saliva of 2 normal subjects. No γA-globulin could be demonstrated in the saliva of an agammaglobulinemic patient after plasma infusion which raised the serum γA-globulin concentration to 50 mg./100 ml.
The use of plasma instead of commercial γ-globulin for the therapy of immunologic deficiency states has several advantages. Plasma contains all three immune globulins, provides greater quantities of γG-globulin than can be given by intramuscular injections, and is more acceptable to the patient. Because of the risk of serum hepatitis, this mode of therapy in the routine management of agammaglobulinemia is endorsed only if special precautions are taken. A therapeutic trial of plasma infusions in 2 patients with the Aldrich syndrome gave promising results.
The Effects of Allografts of Thymic Epithelial Reticular Cells on the Lymphoid Tissues of Neonatally Thymectomized Mice
Authors: HAYS ESTHER FINCHER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neonatal thymus placed in a Millipore diffusion chamber for one week loses its cortical cells, while the epithelial reticular cells remain viable. Grafts of these remnants in neonatally thymectomized mice are completely reconstituted from cells of the thymectomized host. Evidence is presented which suggests that the bone marrow may be a source of cells which reform the thymus cortex.
These remnant grafts result in lymphoid reconstitution of neonatally thymectomized mice. The grafted animals also reject allografts of skin and lymphoma cells in a normal manner. However, these C3H mice, neonatally thymectomized and reconstituted with allografts of AKR thymic epithelial reticular cells, are tolerant to grafts of AKR lymphoma cells.
The Influence of Hemoglobin Concentration on the Distribution Pattern of the Volumes of Human Erythrocytes
Authors: WEED ROBERT I. , BOWDLER ANTHONY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Studies of the volume distributions of normal human, canine, and chicken erythrocytes through the use of a Model B Coulter electronic particle counter and plotter of 400 channel analyzer have confirmed that the instrument provides a true reflection of cell volume, independent of the conductivity of the medium, independent of the shape of the erythrocyte, independent of the buffers, and independent of the anticoagulants employed.
2. The non-Gaussian distribution pattern of normal human cells has been confirmed, but no evidence has been found for a distinct bimodal distribution pattern in cells which have been freshly collected, pipetted, and examined.
3. Swelling of human erythrocytes in 0.5 per cent NaCl alters the volume distribution pattern to that of a normal distribution, and the distribution pattern of hemoglobin-free ghosts in 1 per cent NaCl is more nearly symmetric than that of normal intact red cells in 1 per cent NaCl.
4. The Gaussian distribution of erythrocyte volumes in 0.5 per cent NaCl suggests a normal distribution pattern for both the critical volume and ionic content of red cells.
5. The asymmetry of red cell volume distribution at the tonicity of plasma appears related to higher intracellular osmotic activity in the smaller cells, based on the anomalous osmotic coefficient of hemoglobin. It is suggested, therefore, that skewing of the curve is related to asymmetry of the distribution pattern at the lower end of the volume spectrum, rather than the upper end.
The Relation of Blood Platelet Survival and Distribution to 14C-Serotonin Distribution and Excretion
Authors: HEYSSEL R. M. , SILVER L. J. , WASSON MARIE , BRILL A. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The distribution of 14C-5-HT following infusion is different from that of endogenous serotonin. One hour after infusion it is, in major part, a function of the distribution of blood platelets.
2. The spleen in rats is the site of a pool of platelets. Based on both 14C and platelet recovery data in normal and splenectomized animals, this pool approximates 40 per cent of the total circulating platelets.
3. Postsplenectomy thrombocytosis may relate to removal of a platelet reservoir with shift of the platelets normally contained therein to the peripheral circulation.
4. The shape of platelet survival curves in rats is neither strictly linear nor curvilinear but normally is determined primarily by age-related processes in the platelet. Platelet survival curves tend to become curvilinear in thrombocytopenic animals, indicating that there is probably an additional small, fixed random loss of platelets from the circulation.
5. The disappearance of 14C-5-HT from blood platelets approximates but is not completely representative of the disappearance of the platelets themselves. It is probable that elution from platelets and possibly reutilization of platelet label occurs.