bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal habitat partitioning by calliphorid blowflies
Authors: Arias‐Robledo G. , Stevens J. R. , Wall R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCalliphorid blowflies perform an essential ecosystem service in the consumption, recycling and dispersion of carrion nutrients and are considered amongst the most important functional groups in an ecosystem. Some species are of economic importance as facultative agents of livestock myiasis. The interspecific ecological differences that facilitate coexistence within the blowfly community are not fully understood. The aim of this work was to quantify differences in habitat use by calliphorid species. Thirty traps were distributed among three habitats at two sites in southwest England for collections made during March–August 2016. A total of 17 246 specimens were caught, of which 2427 were Lucilia sericata, 51 Lucilia richardsi, 6580 Lucilia caesar, 307 Lucilia ampullacea, 4881 Calliphora vicina and 2959 Calliphora vomitoria (all: Diptera: Calliphoridae). Lucilia sericata was the dominant species in open habitats, whereas L. caesar was the most abundant species in shaded habitats. Calliphora specimens were more abundant in the cooler months. These findings suggest that Calliphora and Lucilia species show strong temporal segregation mediated by temperature, and that species of the genus Lucilia show differences in the use of habitats that are likely to be driven by differences in humidity tolerance and light intensity. These factors in combination result in effective niche partitioning.
Effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide in the treatment of IBS‐C in a “real‐life” setting: Results from a Portuguese single‐center study
Authors: Mascarenhas‐Saraiva Miguel José , Mascarenhas‐Saraiva Miguel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough linaclotide has been approved to treat moderate to severe IBS‐C, no data are available on its effectiveness and tolerability in patients in a real‐life setting.MethodsA prospective single‐center study of the effectiveness and tolerability of linaclotide was carried out on patients (n = 40) with moderate to severe IBS‐C, all fulfilling the Rome IV criteria. Clinical information was recorded using a dietary questionnaire at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after initiating treatment. The end‐points to measure effectiveness included abdominal pain and bloating (11‐NRS), the number of bowel movements and patient satisfaction. Tolerability was assessed through the frequency of adverse events.Key ResultsIn terms of efficacy, an improvement in abdominal pain and in the intensity of bloating was evident in the cohort after 6 months of linaclotide therapy. The proportion of patients with moderate or severe symptoms of bloating fell from 93.3% to 33.3% and those with pain from 93.4% to 20%. Weekly bowel movements also improved and accordingly, 97% of the patients were moderately or very satisfied with the treatment. At the end of the study, diarrhea was the most frequent adverse event (10%), although it was considered mild in 66.7% of these subjects and moderate in 33.3%. A lack of efficacy (n = 3) and excessive diarrhea (n = 7) were motives for discontinuing the treatment.Conclusions and InferencesLinaclotide proved to be a safe and effective drug to reduce the main symptoms of IBS‐C in everyday clinical practice, with an improvement comparable to that seen in clinical trials.
Utility of low‐dose adenosine triphosphate sensitivity in slow‐fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Watanabe Tomonori , Hachiya Hitoshi , Kusa Shigeki , Kajiyama Takatsugu , Yamao Kazuya , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Igarashi Miyako , Nakamura Hiroaki , Imai Yasushi , Kario Kazuomi , Iesaka Yoshito 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeLow‐dose adenosine triphosphate (LD‐ATP) is useful for diagnosing ATP‐sensitive atrial tachycardia. However, the clinical implications of the sensitivity of LD‐ATP in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) still remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism of LD‐ATP sensitivity in slow‐fast AVNRT.MethodsWe estimated the sensitivity of LD‐ATP in slow‐fast AVNRT by a 2‐4‐mg ATP intravenous injection during the tachycardia. We evaluated the atrial‐His (A‐H) interval, tachycardia termination mode, prevalence of a lower common pathway (LCP), and successful ablation site in slow‐fast AVNRT with LD‐ATP sensitivity. LCPs were defined as His‐atrial interval differences of at least 5 ms between that during ventricular pacing at the tachycardia cycle length and that during the tachycardia.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients (mean age = 58 ± 11 years old, 18 females) with slow‐fast AVNRT, who underwent catheter ablation of the antegrade slow pathway, were enrolled. Seventeen of 28 (61%) patients had LD‐ATP sensitivity defined as termination of the tachycardia and/or a prolongation of the A‐H interval of over 30 ms after an LD‐ATP injection. The patients with LD‐ATP sensitivity had a significantly higher prevalence of an LCP than those without (15/17 vs0/11, P < 0.0001). The successful ablation site in the LD‐ATP sensitive group was significantly closer to the His bundle area than that in the LD‐ATP nonsensitive group (13.3 ± 3.8 vs 20.5 ± 5.4 mm; distance to His bundle area in the left anterior oblique fluoroscopic view, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsLD‐ATP sensitivity in slow‐fast AVNRT may suggest the existence of an LCP. The successful ablation site in patients with LD‐ATP sensitivity could be closer to the His bundle region.
Overexpression of SrUGT76G1 in Stevia alters major steviol glycosides composition towards improved quality
Authors: Kim Mi Jung , Zheng Junshi , Liao Ming Hui , Jang In‐Cheol 
Published: December 2018

SummarySteviol glycosides (SGs) are extracted from Stevia leaves for use as a natural sweetener. Among SGs, stevioside is most abundant in leaf extracts followed by rebaudioside A (Reb A). However, Reb A is of particular interest because of its sweeter and more pleasant taste compared to stevioside. Therefore, the development of new Stevia varieties with a higher Reb A to stevioside ratio would be desirable for the production of higher quality natural sweeteners. Here, we generated transgenic Stevia plants overexpressing Stevia UDP‐glycosyltransferase 76G1 (SrUGT76G1) that is known to convert stevioside to Reb A through 1,3‐β‐d‐glucosylation in vitro. Interestingly, by overexpressing SrUGT76G1, the Reb A to stevioside ratio was drastically increased from 0.30 in wild‐type (WT) plants up to 1.55 in transgenic lines without any significant changes in total SGs content. This was contributed by a concurrent increase in Reb A content and a decrease in stevioside content. Additionally, we were able to find an increase in the Reb C to dulcoside A ratio in transgenic lines. Using the glutathione S‐transferase‐tagged SrUGT76G1 recombinant protein for an in vitro glucosyltransferase assay, we further demonstrated that Reb C can be produced from the glucosylation of dulcoside A by SrUGT76G1. Transgenic Stevia plants having higher Reb A to stevioside ratio were visually indistinguishable from WT plants. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the overexpression of SrUGT76G1 in Stevia is an effective way to generate new Stevia varieties with higher proportion of the more preferred Reb A without compromising on plant development.
Potential biomarkers of DNA quality in cryopreserved fish sperm: impact on gene expression and embryonic development
Authors: Figueroa Elías , Lee‐Estévez Manuel , Valdebenito Ivan , Farías Jorge G. , Romero Jaime 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSperm DNA quality and gene expression are crucial for early embryo development. Abnormal genomic processes can cause irreversible damage to totipotent cells, thereby altering the capacity for cell differentiation. Cryopreservation is a complex procedure that exposes cells to extreme conditions; it is therefore important to determine whether cryopreservation affects genomic stability. Despite this, few studies have focused on the effects of cryopreservation on the genomic stability of fish sperm. Thus, information is lacking to determine how the cryopreservation of fish sperm affects embryo quality and subsequently aquaculture. The aim of this review was to compile background information pertaining to the study of genomic stability in cryopreserved sperm. In this way, we hope to characterize more clearly the embryonic development of fish that are of biological and economic interest. We also discuss the potential use of antioxidants in cryopreservation to help preserve DNA integrity, gene expression and embryo quality. There is a current need to evaluate the use of potential biomarkers of genomic integrity to establish the effects of cryopreservation on the DNA quality of fish gametes and embryos.
Comparative effect of slow and rapid freezing on sperm functional attributes and oxidative stress parameters of goat spermatozoa cryopreserved with tiger nut milk extender
Authors: Igbokwe Abigail A. , Iyasere Oluwaseun S. , Sobayo Richard A. , Iyasere Seyifunmi , Animashaun Rukayat I. , Balogun Fatimoh A. , Aganran Zainab O. , Fasola Morakinyo O. , Adedokun Afeez D. , Lakehinde Olawale A. , Lasisi Sodiq O. , Suleiman Muhammad R. , Iyiola Jamiu D. , Daramola James O. 
Published: December 2018

ContentsComparative effect of slow and rapid freezing on sperm functional attributes and oxidative stress parameters of goat spermatozoa cryopreserved with tiger nut milk (TNM) extender was examined in this study. Pooled semen samples obtained from West African Dwarf (WAD) goat bucks were diluted with Tris‐based extenders containing different levels ofTNM(0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml/100 ml extender). The diluted semen samples were subjected to slow and rapid freezing for a period of 7 days and thereafter evaluated for sperm functional attributes (percentage motility, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, abnormality and livability) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration and acrosin activity) parameters. Results showed that higher (p < 0.05) motility, livability, membrane and acrosome integrities in semen cryopreserved with slow freezing compared to rapid freezing. These parameters (motility, livability and membrane integrity) were higher (p < 0.05) in semen cryopreserved with 15%TNMin both slow and rapid freezing protocols. The results revealed that semen cryopreserved in slow freezing had lower (p < 0.05) abnormality compared to rapid freezing. Acrosin activity was higher in slow freezing compared to rapid freezing. Acrosin activity was higher at 15%TNMin both slow and rapid freezing. Lower (p < 0.05)MDAconcentration was observed in semen cryopreserved using slow freezing compared to rapid freezing. The findings revealed improved post‐thaw sperm functional attributes and oxidative stress parameters ofWADgoat spermatozoa cryopreserved with 15%TNMusing slow freezing.
Healthcare professionals’ perspective on how to promote older couples’ participation in everyday life when using respite care
Authors: Riekkola Jenni , Rutberg Stina , Lilja Margareta , Isaksson Gunilla 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe aim is to describe healthcare professionals’ perspectives on how they understand and promote older couples’ participation in everyday life when using residential respite care.Design and MethodsEighteen healthcare professionals with varying degrees of competence and from one residential respite care facility participated in four focus group interviews. Data were analysed through qualitative latent content analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed a broad, multifaceted view of participation and ways in which participation in everyday life is promoted by these professionals. Trustworthy relationships between professionals, spousal caregivers and clients were implicated. Promoting participation also necessitated that clients have access to meaningful activities. In addition, participation entailed an environment that supported various needs.ConclusionPromoting participation for older couples that are using respite care involves multifaceted perspectives that consider social–relational aspects including both the client and their spouse. Furthermore, attention is needed to the meaning a change of context between home and the respite care facility has on relationships, environments and activities in everyday life. Such an approach could benefit the couples’ shared everyday life situation and in a wider perspective, also influence their health and well‐being when ageing in place together.
Crimmigration and militarization: Policing borders in the era of social control profitability
Authors: Urbina Martin Guevara , Peña Ilse Aglaé 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAs no other time in U.S. history, policing involves a wide variety of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies, with a unified mission of patrolling the 2,000‐mile U.S.‐Mexico border in the name of national security. As a culturally and socially diverse geographic setting, the U.S.‐Mexico border has intertwined notions of ethnicity, race, and skin color with citizenship, community safety, and national security. Invariably, this geographic, economic, political, and social boundary has the power to shape the experience of not only law enforcement officers, but also border communities. The multiple issues that exist along the U.S.‐Mexico border provide a more nuanced view of the challenges involved in patrolling the border and policing communities, while seeking to respect privacy and honor international treaties and human rights. Subsequently, with pressing shifts in demographics, police tactics, border security, and social control profitability, in the midst of globalization, the central objective of this article is to further delineate, through analysis of existing data, the dynamics of border policing in the twenty‐first century.
Revisiting atelectasis in lung units with low ventilation/perfusion ratios
Authors: Butler James P. , Malhotra Atul , Loring Stephen H. 
Published: December 2018

Patients on high inspired O2 concentrations are at risk of atelectasis, a problem that has been quantitatively assessed using analysis of ratio of ventilation to perfusion (V̇a/Q̇) equations. This approach ignores the potential of the elastic properties of the lung to support gas exchange through “apneic” oxygenation in units with no tidal ventilation, and is based on an error in the conservation of mass equations. To fill this gap, we correct the error and compare the pressure drops associated with apneic gas exchange with the pressure differences that can be supported by lung recoil. We analyze a worst case scenario: a small test unit in the Weibel model A tree structure with zero tidal ventilation, 100% inspired O2, the rest of the lung being normally ventilated tidally. We first computed the gas flux to the (unventilated) test unit and estimated the associated pressure drops. We then computed the difference in local gas pressure relative to the surrounding lung that would cause the unit to collapse. We compared these two, and finally computed the degree of airway narrowing that would effect change from the stable (apneic gas exchange) regime to the unstable regime leading to collapse. We find that except under extreme conditions of loss of airway caliber exceeding roughly 90%, lung recoil is sufficient to maintain oxygenation through convective transport alone. We further argue that the fundamental V̇a/Q̇ equations are invalid in these circumstances, and that the issue of atelectasis in low V̇a/Q̇ will require modifications to account for this additional mode of gas exchange. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Breathing high concentrations of oxygen increases the likelihood of atelectasis because of oxygen absorption, which is thought to be inevitable in regions with relatively low ventilation/perfusion ratios. However, airspaces of the lung resist collapse because of the forces of interdependence, and can, with low or even zero active tidal ventilation, draw in an inspiratory flow of oxygen sufficient to replace the oxygen consumed, thus preventing collapse of airspaces served by all but the most narrowed airways.
Pre- to postexpedition changes in the energy usage of women undertaking sustained expeditionary polar travel
Authors: Hattersley John , Wilson Adrian J. , Gifford Robert M. , Cobb Rin , Thake C. Doug , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Woods David R. , Imray Christopher H. E. 
Published: December 2018

This paper reports the metabolic energy changes in six women who made the first unsupported traverse of Antarctica, covering a distance of 1,700 km in 61 days, hauling sledges weighing up to 80 kg. Pre- and postexpedition, measurements of energy expenditure and substrate utilization were made on all six members of the expedition over a 36-h period in a whole body calorimeter. During the study, subjects were fed an isocaloric diet: 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. The experimental protocol contained pre- and postexpedition measurement, including periods of sleep, rest, and three periods of standardized stepping exercise at 80, 100, and 120 steps/min. A median (interquartile range) decrease in the lean and fat weight of the subjects of 1.4 (1.0) and 4.4 (1.8) kg, respectively (P < 0.05) was found, using air-displacement plethysmography. No statistically significant difference was found between pre- and postexpedition values for sleeping or resting metabolic rate, nor for diet-induced thermogenesis. A statistically significant difference was found in energy expenditure between the pre- and postexpedition values for exercise at 100 [4.7 (0.23) vs. 4.4 (0.29), P < 0.05] and 120 [5.7 (0.46) vs. 5.5 (0.43), P < 0.05] steps/min; a difference that disappeared when the metabolic rate values were normalized to body weight. The group was well matched for the measures studied. Whereas a physiological change in weight was seen, the lack of change in metabolic rate measures supports a view that women appropriately nourished and well prepared can undertake polar expeditions with a minimal metabolic energy consequence. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on the metabolic energy consequences for women undertaking expeditionary polar travel. The results show that participant selection gave a “well-matched” group, particularly during exercise. Notwithstanding this, individual differences were observed and explored. The results show that appropriately selected, trained, and nourished women can undertake such expeditions with no change in their metabolic energy requirements during rest or while undertaking moderate exercise over a sustained period of time.
Intraindividual Variation in Markers of Intestinal Permeability and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Healthy Normal-Weight to Obese Adults
Authors: Kuzma Jessica N. , Hagman Derek K. , Cromer Gail , Breymeyer Kara L. , Roth Christian L. , Foster-Schubert Karen E. , Holte Sarah E. , Weigle David S. , Kratz Mario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground:Intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation are considered mechanistic links in the relationship between diet, obesity, and chronic disease. However, methods to measure both are not well standardized, and the reliability of commonly used measures is not known.Methods:We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for several common measures of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation from a randomized clinical trial of cross-over design in which normal-weight (n = 12) or overweight/obese (n = 12) individuals each completed three 8-day dietary intervention periods.Results:For biomarkers of intestinal permeability, plasma zonulin, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, ICCs were “excellent” (i.e., &gt;0.9). The direct measure of intestinal permeability, the lactulose/mannitol test, exhibited “fair” reliability (ICC = 0.53). A wider range of ICCs (0.6–0.9), suggesting “good” to “excellent” reliability, were obtained for measures of adipose tissue expression of genes encoding major mediators of inflammation. Similarly, individual immune cell populations isolated from adipose tissue, expressed as a percentage of all CD45+ cells, also had “good” to “excellent” ICCs. However, when these populations were expressed as number of cells per gram of tissue, ICC values were “fair,” falling below 0.6.Conclusions:Due to the repeated measures design, our study offered a unique opportunity to assess reliability of commonly used biomarkers of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation. Our findings suggest that these measures were generally highly reliable in the short-term.Impact:Along with other factors, particularly validity, the demonstrated reliabilities can help inform the choice of endpoints in studies of intestinal permeability and adipose tissue inflammation.
Moda e vestuário nos periódicos femininos brasileiros do século XIX
Authors: Assunção Beatriz Albarez de , Italiano Isabel Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma primeira relação entre moda e imprensa no Brasil oitocentista, além da importância dada ao vestuário feminino nos periódicos brasileiros do século XIX. No acervo da Biblioteca Nacional, escolheram-se os periódicos O Espelho Diamantino, O Jornal das Senhoras e A Estação, levando em consideração uma evolução cronológica e de conteúdo. A partir disso foram selecionadas as edições mais relevantes para discutir os temas recorrentes. Como resultado, foi possível depreender que: a diferença climática entre Brasil e Europa foi o principal empecilho na importação de moda; os periódicos oitocentistas, que são importante fonte de documentação da história da moda, porém não da moda brasileira, atuaram também como impulso para mudanças no vestuário, criando tanto um mercado de moda como de imprensa.
O samba é o dom
Authors: Gonçalves Maria Alice Rezende 
Published: December 2018

O artigo tem como objetivo destacar o papel da dádiva como motor das ações das velhas guardas das agremiações carnavalescas cariocas. Supomos que suas práticas e histórias de vida dedicadas ao samba são responsáveis pela criação de redes de solidariedade e reciprocidade, cont r ibuindo para o fortalecimento da etnicidade afro-brasileira. O samba tem desempenhado, entre outras, função socializadora e, principalmente, civilizadora, unindo pessoas e agremiações em redes onde ele é a dádiva que circula. Como fato socialtotal, o samba criou escolas de samba, grupos artísticos e festivais capazes de promover o entretenimento e formas de convivência que possibilitam a resolução de diferenças e rivalidades de forma pacífica demonstrando sua importância no processo de interiorização de um etos civilizador na cidade e na nação.