bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of early-phase β-amyloid positron-emission-tomography and neuropsychological testing in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Völter Friederike , Eckenweber Sebastian , Scheifele Maximilian , Eckenweber Florian , Hirsch Fabian , Franzmeier Nicolai , Kreuzer Annika , Griessl Maria , Steward Anna , Janowitz Daniel , Palleis Carla , Bernhardt Alexander , Vöglein Jonathan , Stockbauer Anna , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Schöberl Florian , Wlasich Elisabeth , Buerger Katharina , Wagemann Olivia , Perneczky Robert , Weidinger Endy , Höglinger Günter , Levin Johannes , Brendel Matthias , Schönecker Sonja 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical staging in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typically relies on neuropsychological testing. Recognizing the imperative for an objective measure of clinical AD staging, regional perfusion in early-phase β-amyloid-PET may aid as a cost-efficient index for the assessment of neurodegeneration severity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.

Methods
Regional perfusion deficits in early-phase β-amyloid-PET as well as neuropsychological testing (max. 90 days delay) were evaluated in 82 patients with biologically defined AD according to the ATN classification. In reference to the Braak staging system patients were classified into the groups stage0, stageI−II+, stageI−IV+, stageI−VI+, and stageatypical+ according to regional perfusion deficits in regions of interest (ROIs) published by the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Multiple regression analysis controlling for age, gender, and education was used to evaluate the association of regional z-scores on perfusion-phase PET with clinical scores for all patients and with annual decline of cognitive performance in 23 patients with follow-up data.

Results
Patients classified as stage0 and stageI−II+ demonstrated significantly superior neuropsychological performance compared to those classified as stageI−IV+ and stageI−VI+. Lower cognitive performance was associated with decreased perfusion in early-phase β-amyloid-PET globally and regionally, with the most pronounced association identified in the left temporal lobe. Mean z-scores on early-phase PET in temporal and parietal regions offered a robust prediction of future annual decline in MMSE and sum scores of the CERAD-Plus (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease) test battery.

Conclusion
Regional and global perfusion deficits in early-phase β-amyloid-PET can serve as an objective index of neurodegeneration severity and may act as prognostic markers of future cognitive decline in AD.
The transoccipital parasigmoid canal of the vertebral artery through a vestige of the occipital vertebra
Authors: Rusu Mugurel Constantin , Toader Corneliu , Tudose Răzvan Costin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The vertebral artery (VA) typically courses through the foramen magnum to enter the posterior cranial fossa. A transosseous course of the VA through the lateral part of the occipital bone is an unexpected finding. Such an anomaly of the VA is reported here.

Methods
The archived angioCT file of an 81 y.o. female was studied on planar sections and by three-dimensional volume renderings.

Results
The right VA looped above the transverse process of the atlas, and then it descended to enter a canal through the lateral part of the occipital bone. That canal was medial to the posterior condylar canal and the sigmoid sinus. It was termed the parasigmoid canal. The right VA entered the posterior fossa higher than the left VA, immediately posterior to the hypoglossal canal. A distinctive osseous plate was added on the inner side of the right occipital condyle and fused to the posterior arch of the atlas, narrowing the vertebral canal. A left osseous plate was fused medially to the occipital condyle. Both these plates may be remnants of an occipital vertebra. Thus, the right VA’s anomalous course may have resulted from an aberrant course of a hypoglossal artery near but not within the hypoglossal canal.

Conclusion
The anomalous transoccipital course of the VA is a scarce but possible anatomical variation that may alter the neurosurgical landmarks, and it should be equally known by surgeons and interventionists.
Implementation of immersed boundaries via volume penalization in the industrial aeronautical computational fluid dynamics solver CODA
Authors: Núñez Jonatan , Huergo David , Lodares Diego , Shrestha Suyash , Guerra Juan , Florenciano Juan , Ferrer Esteban , Valero Eusebio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present the implementation and validation of an immersed boundary volume penalization method in the computational fluid dynamics solver CODA (from ONERA, DLR, and Airbus). Our goal is to model and simulate turbulent fluid flows in complex 3D aerodynamic configurations through the numerical solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using the Spalart–Allmaras turbulent model. To do that, an immersed boundary method has been implemented in CODA and an efficient preprocessing tool for the construction of unstructured hexahedral meshes with adaptive mesh refinement around immersed geometries has been developed. We report several numerical examples, including subsonic flow past the NACA0012 airfoil, transonic flow past the RAE2822 airfoil, subsonic flow past the MDA30P30N multi-element airfoil, and subsonic flow around the NASA high-lift CRM aircraft. These simulations have been performed in the CODA solver with a second-order finite volume scheme as spatial discretization and an implicit backward Euler scheme based on the matrix-free GMRES block-Jacobi iterative method. The reported numerical simulations are in good agreement with their corresponding experimental data. These encouraging results allow us to conclude that the implemented immersed boundary method is efficient, flexible, and accurate and can therefore be used for aeronautical applications in industry.
Enhanced grid stability and prolonging life span in renewable energy power converters using an advanced Sugeno-type AI-based neuro-fuzzy control
Authors: Özden Mustafa , Ertekin Davut , Baltacı Kübra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A significant challenge lies in renewable energy sources incapacity to generate high voltages and their limited life spans when subjected to high-ripple conditions. This study introduces an innovative Sugeno-type neuro-fuzzy controller for an interleaved power converter configuration aimed at mitigating the input current ripples associated with these renewable energy sources, directly addressing the longevity concern controlled by an advanced neuro-fuzzy controller. The proposed converter employs a switched capacitor (SC) cell to amplify the generated voltage within the boost converter framework. Key attributes of the proposed converter include high voltage gain, enhanced efficiency and the utilization of short-duty ratio time intervals to minimize conduction power losses at elevated voltages. Furthermore, through interleaved configuration, the current ripple from the source is diminished while the SC cell concurrently amplifies the voltage gain. A Sugeno-type neuro-fuzzy control method, based on artificial intelligence, is employed for the proposed converter to drive the switches and produce an accurate output voltage. Since the converter is primarily built on a fuzzy controller, the proposed method is mathematically simple and easy to implement. The main contribution of the proposed control approach lies in the sampling of both the input and reference, as well as the output voltages, and the generation of precise duty cycles based on the sampled reference output voltage. Due to its capability of generating high voltages, the proposed converter and control system are suitable for use in DC grids and vehicle-to-grid applications.
DeepLeaf: an optimized deep learning approach for automated recognition of grapevine leaf diseases
Authors: Talaat Fatma M. , Shams Mahmoud Y. , Gamel Samah A. , ZainEldin Hanaa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plant diseases can cause severe losses in agricultural production, impacting food security and safety. Early detection of plant diseases is crucial to minimize crop damage and ensure agricultural sustainability. Manual monitoring is often impractical due to the complexity and time involved, making automated disease recognition essential. This study presents a new Plant Disease Detection Algorithm (PDDA) called DeepLeaf focused on identifying four common grapevine diseases: leaf blight, black rot, stable, and black measles. The PDDA integrates three key modules: an Image Preprocessing Module, a Feature Extraction Module, and an Optimized Convolutional Neural Network (OCNN)-based Classification Module. The OCNN forms the core of the classification system, with its hyperparameters fine-tuned using fuzzy optimization to enhance performance. Preprocessing techniques are applied to analyze diseased leaves, and a logistic regression algorithm is used to downsample the features for better analysis. The CNN is trained on images from the Plant Village dataset, allowing it to detect and classify grapevine leaf diseases accurately. The proposed model's efficiency in the automated diagnosis of grapevine diseases is demonstrated by its remarkable 99.7% accuracy rate. This high accuracy indicates that the PDDA may help with more effective and scalable plant disease monitoring, which will ultimately allow better agricultural practices.
The Architecture of Relational Materialism: A Categorial Formation of Onto-Epistemological Premises
Authors: Derin Ozan Ekin , Baytaş Bekir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study formulates the basic premises of materialism, which has largely lost its visibility despite being one of the fundamental philosophical approaches that have been effective in the development of modern scientific practice and the construction of philosophy of science, in an alternative way, and aims to develop a new materialist interpretation of it that is non-reductive, pluralistic and open to the use of more than one scientific discipline. This interpretation, expressed with the term relational materialism, first addresses matter with the concept of signifier and foregrounds the concept of beable as the general philosophical category of matter. Secondly, it formulates the category of beable within the irreducible integrity of the categories of relationality, nonstaticity, and finitude; and positions knownability in terms of its correspondence to these general onto-epistemological categories. Thirdly, it clarifies the conditions of existence and knownability of particular entities under general categories based on specially corresponding onto-epistemological categories (interactability, structurability, contextuality, transformability, scale-dependency, actuality, contingency). In this respect, this study offers a pluralistic philosophical framework within which different methodological positions and scientific disciplines can be formulated and criticized based on combinations of different particular categories under general categories. In the conclusion of this article, the meaning and potential of relational materialism for the development of scientific research programs are evaluated.
“We are neither here nor there”: considerations of internal migration within forced displacement among evacuees in Israel’s northern periphery
Authors: Grinshtain Yael , Haruv Mina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Following a forced internal displacement process among evacuated parents during the ongoing crisis in Israel, the current study aimed to explore the feelings of the evacuees as well as the considerations surrounding internal migration as a more voluntary process. The Push–Pull Motivation theory was used as a framework for describing the factors that parents deliberate or debate during their search for a place to relocate during challenging periods. The primary locations of both origin and destination are in the Israeli Northern periphery characterized by geographical features such as distance from the center and proximity to Israel’s borders. Additionally, the temporarily evacuated locations were also considered as both origin and destination, representing areas outside the periphery. The phenomenological approach was employed based on 50 semi-structured interviews conducted with parents of K-12 students. The thematic analysis revealed three themes related to feelings regarding the evacuation: a sense of detachment, lack of free will, and deep concern for the well-being of the children. Furthermore, internal migration considerations are described through four situations that reflect the intersection of push and pull factors, both within and outside the periphery. The pull factors toward the periphery included economic, emotional-sentimental, ideological, and parental-familial considerations. The push factors away from the periphery included security crises, community burdens, and marginalized living conditions. The findings demonstrate an ongoing struggle between the old life and the new life, leading to an imbalance between the different needs and demands of the evacuees.
Building higher education: the tension between espoused educational values and physical infrastructure
Authors: Loughlin Colin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Through interviews with senior academic management representing 16 UK higher education institutions (HEIs), this study explores the relationship between the espoused pedagogical values focusing on student-centred learning, and the construction of large-class, fixed-seat lecture theatres. Despite the widespread promotion of student-centred, collaborative, and active learning approaches in university policy, educational strategies, and corporate literature, the physical infrastructure reflects a different set of priorities, often driven by logistical and financial considerations rather than pedagogical intent. The conceptual basis for the article is Argyris and Schön’s theory of action: a theoretical framework that distinguishes between organisational espoused theory (what organisations say they do) and theory-in-use (what they actually do). The framework was designed to better understand how organisations produce behaviour sometimes at odds with their own values. The results of the study reveal a remarkable lack of pedagogical intentionality behind the investment in large-class auditoria. This study contributes to the discourse on the alignment between HEIs’ physical infrastructure and their educational policies, highlighting a significant gap between pedagogical ideals and the realities of the physical teaching spaces created.
Scope for growth is optimized across a limited temperature range in an imperiled freshwater mussel
Authors: Pieper Evelyn B. , Radich Jessica A. , Randklev Charles R. , Berg David J. , Ramey Matthew , Wright Russell A. , Abdelrahman Hisham A. , Stoeckel James A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Predicting effects of rising temperatures on the health and physiology of aquatic organisms is receiving increasing attention, particularly in arid regions with limited freshwater habitat. One approach to estimating energetic health of aquatic ectotherms is scope for growth (SFG)—the net energy available for reproduction and growth after meeting basic maintenance costs. We examined the relationships between temperature, clearance rates, respiration rates, and other physiological parameters to estimate SFG of Popenaias popeii—a federally endangered mussel native to the semi-arid Rio Grande basin of the southwestern USA and Mexico. Scope for growth followed a three-phase pattern with values remaining stable but negative from 16 to 24°C, increasing and becoming positive from 24 to 28°C, and decreasing back down to negative values from 28 to 32°C. In New Mexico’s Black River, a last stronghold for P. popeii, seasonal thermal regimes show that maximum investment in growth and reproduction likely occurs from May to October, when positive SFG values are most common. Within this critical period, mid-summer increases from 28 to 32°C may temporarily dampen or eliminate growth and reproduction in P. popeii as SFG decreases from peak to negative values. Management of flow to minimize thermal stress during mid-summer appears critical to maximizing growth and reproduction of remaining populations.
Against Cooperation: Or Why Telic/Functional Explanations Do Not Account for the Evolution of Rule-Following
Authors: An Christopher Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Many accounts of the evolutionary origins of rule-following (or normative guidance) argue that rules and norms emerged out of the demands of cooperation in early human societies. This paper argues that this cooperation story is misguided because of the underlying telic or functional framework it relies on in explaining the emergence of normative agency. The fundamental philosophical claim here is that teleology does not entail normativity. So normative guidance does not follow from any telic/functional explanation. I consider a range of possible responses from advocates of the cooperation story, including a defence of the shared intentionality approach, and argue that they fall short. I suggest that a deontic rational structure (instead of a telic or functional one) better accounts for normative guidance. In place of cooperation, I put forward the notion of participation as a more viable alternative that captures this deontic structure. Participation is said to foreground joint commitment (in lieu of joint goals) and co-regulation (instead of cooperation or coordination) as two distinctive features structuring normative agency. I end by gesturing towards interdisciplinary work that operationally unpacks this participation view from a behavioural and comparative perspective suggesting the central role of social play as a key focal point in the evolutionary emergence of normative agency.
Determining the Cost of Organic Photovoltaic Material and Its Impact on the Levelized Cost of Electricity
Authors: Mattiasson Bjuggren Jonas , Marsh Tomas , Al-Ahmad Alaa , Sivunova Kamilla , Bonham Mitchell , Clifton Sam , Nicolaidis Nicolas , Belcher Warwick , Dastoor Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The field of organic photovoltaics (OPV) has delivered significant performance increases through the development of donor polymers and non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, these improvements have come at the expense of increased synthetic complexity, reduced scalability, and consequently higher cost. By contrast, the development of commercial OPV technology requires scalable donor–acceptor materials, which can achieve a competitive levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). As such, if OPV technology is to become commercially viable, synthetic accessibility, quantification of cost, and active layer contribution to LCOE need to be considered. This paper presents three case studies examining the cost of materials (COM) for two polymer donors (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1′,3′-di-2-thienyl-5′,7′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′-c:4′,5′-c′]dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) and poly[2,2⁗-bis[[(2-butyloctyl)oxy]carbonyl][2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene]-5,5‴-diyl] (PDCBT)), and one non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (ITIC)). Published synthesis procedures for these materials were investigated to determine laboratory-scale COM. This analysis revealed that the NFA was significantly more expensive (~five-fold) than the cheapest donor material. Consequently, the ITIC synthesis was experimentally optimized (ITIC-Exp), delivering a significant (~six-fold) reduction in COM. Finally, bulk-scale COM was calculated based on established cost scaling laws for speciality chemicals. The effect of laboratory- and bulk-scale COM upon the LCOE for OPV modules printed at commercial scale was determined. This work highlights the finding that, at laboratory scale, a COM of $60 g−1 represents a reasonable active layer cost benchmark for competitive LCOE. This study further reveals that at bulk scale, a highly competitive LCOE ($0.13–$0.08) is achievable for the optimal donor–acceptor pair (PDCBT-DArP:ITIC-Exp) at modest efficiency (3–5%) and lifetime (3–5 years).
Global Prevalence of Anxiety in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Outpatients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Storer Ben , Holden Monique , Kershaw Kelly Ann , Braund Taylor A. , Chakouch Cassandra , Coleshill Matthew James , Haffar Sam , Harvey Samuel , Sicouri Gemma , Newby Jill , Murphy Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Many patients with chronic health conditions experience anxiety, which can have significant implications on physical health outcomes and quality of life. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety in gastroenterology and hepatology outpatients, across factors such as physical health condition, type of anxiety, and patient demographics, with the intention to support clinicians in providing effective patient care.

Recent Findings
Several recent systematic reviews have been published investigating rates of anxiety in different outpatient settings, and have found consistently high rates across the dermatology, endocrinology, cardiology and respiratory/sleep medicine fields, ranging between 25.1% and 30.3%. Whilst there are established links between gastroenterology and hepatology conditions with anxiety, there has yet to be a study estimating the overall global prevalence of anxiety in this outpatient setting.

Summary
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and PsycINFO databases were searched from database inception to January 2023 for studies reporting anxiety in gastroenterology and hepatology outpatients ≥ 16 years of age. Prevalence was extracted from self-report questionnaires, diagnostic interviews, and records. The final meta-analysis included 81 studies, with 28,334 participants. Pooled prevalence of anxiety was 31.2% (95% CI 28.2%—34.4%). Subgroup analyses identified significant differences in prevalence across anxiety type, with health anxiety showing the highest prevalence at 23.7%, followed by generalised anxiety 14.5%, specific phobia 12.5%, panic disorder/agoraphobia 12.2%, social anxiety 11.3%, post-traumatic stress disorder 4.9%, and obsessive-compulsive disorder 4.2%. No other significant differences were found. Anxiety is thus common amongst gastroenterology and hepatology outpatients, and so it is important that careful consideration be given to the identification and management of anxiety in these settings.