bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting vaping uptake, vaping frequency and ongoing vaping among daily smokers using longitudinal data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Surveys
Authors: Chan Gary , Morphett Kylie , Gartner Coral , Leung Janni , Yong Hua‐Hie , Hall Wayne , Borland Ron 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess (1) how far smoking patterns, depression and smoking‐related beliefs and intentions predict vaping uptake, current vaping and vaping frequency among daily smokers; and (2) how far the aforementioned predictors and baseline vaping frequency predict current vaping among those who reported ever vaped.DesignAnalysis of data from six waves of a longitudinal survey over 8 years. Longitudinal associations between predictors and outcomes were examined using multi‐level models.SettingUnited Kingdom, United States, Canada and Australia.ParticipantsA total of 6296 daily smokers (53% females) who contributed data to at least two consecutive survey waves.MeasurementsThe outcome variables were vaping uptake, vaping frequency and current vaping at follow‐up. The key predictor variables, measured in previous waves, were time to first cigarette, cigarettes smoked per day, depressive symptoms, intention to quit smoking, quitting self‐efficacy and worry about adverse health effects of smoking.FindingsNumber of cigarettes smoked daily was associated with (1) subsequent vaping uptake [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19, 2.39 for 30+ cigarette per day; reference category: 0–10 cigarettes] and (2) a higher frequency of current vaping (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.36, 2.85 for 30+ cigarettes). Intention to quit was associated with a higher frequency of current vaping (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.82). Among those who reported ever vaped, higher baseline vaping frequency (OR = 11.98, 95% CI = 6.00, 23.93 for daily vaping at baseline; reference category: vaped less than monthly) predicted current vaping.ConclusionAmong daily smokers, amount smoked and intention to quit smoking appear to predict subsequent vaping uptake. Vaping frequency at baseline appears to predict current vaping at follow‐up.
The Mapuche Undead Never Forget: Traumatic Memory and Cosmopolitics in Post‐Pinochet Chile
Authors: Mariella Bacigalupo Ana 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe Mapuche undead, killed by the Chilean state but lacking funerals to finish them as persons, remain trapped in the places of their deaths. They are both symbols of Mapuche rage against state‐sponsored genocide and social agents who play central roles in Mapuche cosmopolitics and multitemporal memory making. While memory studies focus on pastness and national commemorations the celebration of individual martyrs, the undead foreground the collective trauma of all Mapuche killed in a place at different times and realize this trauma in Mapuche everyday lives. These morally complex undead call for justice through revenge and express trauma and cosmopolitics through two different modalities: first, through vengeful spirits in the river who sow illness at two different massacre sites, accidents, and death indiscriminately among the bodies and spirits of locals to force remembering and call for revenge or reparations, even as they make Mapuche healing impossible; second, through the strategic use of revenge in the ritual field to reinforce ethnic cosmopolitics. Here, the undead act as ancestors who grant health to those who follow stringent social and moral norms and perpetuate violence among those who transgress their ethnic, ritual, and moral project. These undead combine spiritual, ecological, social, and political factors with realpolitik to subvert state and non‐Mapuche development projects, demand justice, and create avenues for interethnic dialogue.
Gabapentin and pregabalin to treat aggressivity in dementia: a systematic review and illustrative case report
Authors: Supasitthumrong Thitiporn , Bolea‐Alamanac Blanca M. , Asmer Selim , Woo Vincent L. , Abdool Petal S. , Davies Simon J.C. 
Published: December 2018

AimsThe prevalence of dementia is rising as life expectancy increases globally. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), including agitation and aggression, are common, presenting a challenge to clinicians and caregivers.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed evidence for gabapentin and pregabalin against BPSD symptoms of agitation or aggression in any dementia, using six databases (Pubmed, CINHL, PsychINFO, HealthStar, Embase, and Web of Science). Complementing this formal systematic review, an illustrative case of a patient with BPSD in mixed Alzheimer's/vascular dementia, who appeared to derive benefits in terms of symptom control and functioning from the introduction of gabapentin titrated up to 3600 mg day−1 alongside other interventions, is presented.ResultsTwenty‐four relevant articles were identified in the systematic review. There were no randomized trials. Fifteen papers were original case series/case reports of patients treated with these compounds, encompassing 87 patients given gabapentin and six given pregabalin. In 12 of 15 papers, drug treatment was effective in the majority of cases. The remaining nine papers were solely reviews, of which two were described as systematic but predated PRISMA guidelines. Preliminary low‐grade evidence based on case series and case reviews suggests possible benefit of gabapentin and pregabalin in patients with BPSD in Alzheimer's disease. These benefits cannot be confirmed until well‐powered randomized controlled trials are undertaken. Evidence in frontotemporal dementia is lacking.ConclusionGabapentin and pregabalin could be considered for BPSD when medications having stronger evidence bases (risperidone, other antipsychotics, carbamazepine and citalopram) have been ineffective or present unacceptable risks of adverse outcomes.
Using child‐ and family‐centred goal setting as an outcome measure in residential rehabilitation for children and youth with acquired brain injuries: The challenge of predicting expected levels of achievement
Authors: Kelly Gemma , Dunford Carolyn , Forsyth Rob , Kavčič Alja 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeCollaborative, child‐ and family‐centred goal setting is essential in paediatric, acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. This study aims to understand which goals children and families prioritize and how accurately therapists predict expected levels of achievement for these goals.MethodsRoutinely collected Goal Attainment Scale‐Light data from 122 children with severe ABI receiving residential rehabilitation were retrospectively analysed. Goals were mapped onto the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Descriptive analysis of accuracy of therapists' prediction of goal achievement was conducted.ResultsEight‐hundred sixty goals were set: 82% in activities and participation domains, most commonly mobility, self‐care, and communication chapters. Forty‐six per cent of therapist‐set expected levels of achievement for these goals were met at the expected level, and 24% were exceeded. Chapters with the highest prediction accuracy included two environmental chapters and one body structure and function. Accurate prediction of activity and participation goals varied (35% in general tasks and demands to 58.8% in major life areas).ConclusionsChildren and families prioritize mobility, self‐care, and communication during ABI residential rehabilitation. Setting expected outcomes for these goals is challenging, as demonstrated by the variety in accurate prediction rates between and within chapters. Families need to be aware of this uncertainty during goal‐setting discussions.
Surgical options for glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Yeung K. T. D. , Reddy M. , Purkayastha S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn recent years, bariatric surgery, also referred to as metabolic surgery, has become the most successful treatment option in those with Type 2 diabetes and obesity. There are some similarities in the pathological pathways in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, but the use of surgery in Type 1 diabetes remains unestablished and controversial. The treatment and management of Type 1 diabetes can be very challenging but recent advances in surgical interventions and technology has the potential to expand and optimize treatment options. This review discusses the current status of some surgical options available to people with Type 1 diabetes. These include implantable continuous glucose monitoring systems, continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion pumps, closed‐loop insulin delivery systems (also known as the artificial pancreas system) utilizing the latter two modalities of glucose monitoring and insulin delivery, and bariatric or metabolic surgery. Whole pancreas and islet transplantation are beyond the scope of this review but are briefly discussed.
Latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) is associated with small fibre neuropathy
Authors: Alam U. , Jeziorska M. , Petropoulos I. N. , Pritchard N. , Edwards K. , Dehghani C. , Srinivasan S. , Asghar O. , Ferdousi M. , Ponirakis G. , Marshall A. , Boulton A. J. M. , Efron N. , Malik R. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess if latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) is associated with small fibre neuropathy.MethodsParticipants with LADA (n=31), Type 2 diabetes (n=31) and healthy control participants without diabetes (n=31) underwent a detailed assessment of neurologic deficits, quantitative sensory testing, electrophysiology, skin biopsy and corneal confocal microscopy.ResultsThe groups were matched for age (healthy control without diabetes: 53.5±9.1 vs. Type 2 diabetes: 58.0±6.5 vs. LADA: 53.2±11.6 years), duration of diabetes (Type 2 diabetes: 10.0±8.3 vs. LADA: 11.0±9.1 years) and blood pressure. However, BMI (P=0.01) and triglycerides (P=0.0008) were lower and HbA1c (P=0.0005), total cholesterol (P=0.01) and HDL (P=0.002) were higher in participants with LADA compared with Type 2 diabetes. Peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity (P=0.04) and sural sensory nerve conduction velocity (P=0.008) were lower in participants with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults compared with Type 2 diabetes. Intra‐epidermal nerve fibre density (P=0.008), corneal nerve fibre density (P=0.003) and corneal nerve branch density (P=0.006) were significantly lower in participants with LADA compared with Type 2 diabetes. There were no significant differences in the other neuropathy parameters.ConclusionsDespite comparable age and duration of diabetes, participants with LADA demonstrate more severe neuropathy and particularly small fibre neuropathy, compared with participants with Type 2 diabetes.
Effects of intravenous romifidine, detomidine, detomidine combined with butorphanol, and xylazine on tear production in horses
Authors: Leonardi F. , Costa G.L. , Dubau M. , Sabbioni A. , Simonazzi B. , Angelone M. 
Published: December 2018

SummarySedation facilitates the ocular examination in horses. Alpha2‐adrenoceptor agonists are commonly used in equine practice. If the eye is painful, the combination of an α2‐adrenoceptor agonist and butorphanol provides a greater analgesic effect. Unfortunately, little is known about the effects of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists on equine Schirmer tear test I (STT I) values. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of intravenous romifidine, detomidine, detomidine combined with butorphanol, and xylazine on the STT I values in horses. Forty healthy client‐owned Italian saddle horses were enrolled. Horses received 0.04 mg/kg bwt of romifidine or 15 μg/kg bwt of detomidine or 10 μg/kg bwt of detomidine combined with 10 μg/kg bwt of butorphanol or 0.7 mg/kg bwt of xylazine intravenously. The Schirmer tear test strip was inserted into the lateral third side of the inferior conjunctival fornix for 1 min in each eye. The STT I measurements were performed before sedation and at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min after the administration of sedation. The data were analysed by ANOVA. Romifidine did not affect the STT I values. Detomidine significantly reduced the STT I values at 15 min (18.17 ± 0.97 mm/min). The combination of detomidine and butorphanol significantly reduced the STT I values at 30 and 60 min (17.44 ± 0.99, 15.81 ± 0.99 mm/min). Xylazine significantly increased the STT I values at 5, 15 and 30 min (25.17 ± 0.99, 26.72 ± 0.99, 28.07 ± 0.99 mm/min). The STT I values at 180 min were similar to those before sedation. These results suggest that the administration of xylazine or detomidine alone or combined with butorphanol is associated with significant changes in aqueous tear production, whereas romifidine does not affect the STT I values. Romifidine is therefore suitable for chemical restraint to measure tear production in horses.
Rhabdomyolysis risk from the use of two‐drug combination of antidyslipidemic drugs with antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications: a signal detection analysis
Authors: Gosho Masahiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRhabdomyolysis is one of the most concerning complications of antidyslipidemic drugs. Most patients with dyslipidemia take multiple medications. Our objective was to explore which two‐drug combinations lead to a higher risk of rhabdomyolysis. We analyzed data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database between April 2004 and September 2017. The primary outcome was the report of rhabdomyolysis. We assessed the risk of rhabdomyolysis for the two‐drug concomitant use of antidyslipidemic drugs (statin, fibrate, and ezetimibe) with antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications. The Norén and Gosho methods were used for detecting two‐drug interactions. The JADER contained 468 292 records for patient characteristics, 2 973 172 drug information records, and 741 016 adverse reactions records. Rhabdomyolysis was reported in 5 017 patients. Concomitant use of pravastatin/fenofibrate, simvastatin/mefruside, fluvastatin/temocapril, bezafibrate/temocapril, bezafibrate/spironolactone, bezafibrate/metoprolol, bezafibrate/losartan, fluvastatin/mitiglinide, or fenofibrate/glibenclamide was detected as the signal of rhabdomyolysis in this analysis. Combination therapy with the drugs listed above has the potential of drug–drug interactions that could result in rhabdomyolysis in patients with dyslipidemia.
Role of the clock gene Period3 in the human cell‐autonomous circadian clock
Authors: Matsumura Ritsuko , Akashi Makoto 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that mouse Period3 (mPer3) is dispensable for the generation of autonomous oscillations in the circadian clock. However, human studies have suggested that human Period3 (hPer3) may have more important roles in the core clock machinery than mPer3. To investigate the role of hPer3 protein in the cell‐autonomous circadian oscillator, we conducted gene knockout of the hPer3 gene in human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cells using genome‐editing technology. We examined the circadian transcription of endogenous clock genes in hPer3‐deficient cell clones and found that hPer3‐deficient cells showed a phase advance in circadian transcription compared to wild‐type cells. We subsequently transfected wild‐type and mutant cells with an adenovirus carrying a luciferase gene whose expression was driven by a clock gene promotor, and monitored bioluminescence in real time. Cosinor analysis showed that the circadian period length in all hPer3‐deficient cells was significantly shorter than that in wild‐type cells, demonstrating that the phase advance in endogenous clock gene expression in hPer3‐deficient cell clones was attributable to a shortened circadian period length rather than a phase shift. Together these findings are consistent with previous studies in mice lacking functional mPer3, indicating that the Per3 protein functions similarly in both mice and humans.
The threshold model revisited
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin , Hozo Iztok , Mayrhofer Thomas , van den Ende Jef , Guyatt Gordon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe threshold model represents one of the most significant advances in the field of medical decision‐making, yet it often does not apply to the most common class of clinical problems, which include health outcomes as a part of definition of disease. In addition, the original threshold model did not take a decision‐maker's values and preferences explicitly into account.MethodsWe reformulated the threshold model by (1) applying it to those clinical scenarios, which define disease according to outcomes that treatment is designed to affect, (2) taking into account a decision‐maker's values.ResultsWe showed that when outcomes (eg, morbidity) are integral part of definition of disease, the classic threshold model does not apply (as this leads to double counting of outcomes in the probabilities and utilities branches of the model). To avoid double counting, the model can be appropriately analysed by assuming diagnosis is certain (P = 1). This results in deriving a different threshold—the threshold for outcome of disease (Mt) instead of threshold for probability of disease (Pt) above which benefits of treatment outweigh its harms.We found that Mt ≤ Pt, which may explain differences between normative models and actual behaviour in practice. When a decision‐maker values outcomes related to benefit and harms differently, the new threshold model generates decision thresholds that could be descriptively more accurate.ConclusionsCalculation of the threshold depends on careful disease versus utility definitions and a decision‐maker's values and preferences.
Antitumor activity in colorectal cancer induced by hinokiflavone
Authors: Zhou Jing , Zhao Rongce , Ye Tinghong , Yang Shuping , Li Yali , Yang Fangfang , Wang Gang , Xie Yongmei , Li Qiu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant disease worldwide with highly metastatic potential. Identification of effective therapeutic treatment overcoming such disease is an urgent need. Our study focuses on hinokiflavone as an antitumor agent against colorectal cancer.MethodsMTT assay, cell colony formation assay, Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and migration and invasion assay were performed to identify the effects of hinokiflavone on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. CT26 tumor‐bearing mice model was conducted to explore the antitumor activity of hinokiflavone in vivo. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to detect the protein expression of Ki‐67, cleaved caspase‐3, and MMP9 in treated tumors. Acute toxicity was evaluated by serological and hematological analyses, and drug side effect on organs was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsHinokiflavone reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted the apoptosis in colorectal tumor cells in vitro. Treatment of hinokiflavone at a tolerable and safe dose (50 mg/kg) significantly suppressed tumor growth in mice bearing CT26 tumors by reducing tumor proliferation and metastasis and inducing apoptosis. Mechanically, treatment of hinokiflavone induced apoptosis by loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species generation.ConclusionsHinokiflavone suppressed colorectal tumor cell proliferation, induced apoptosis via the reactive oxygen species–mitochondria‐mediated apoptotic pathway, and inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion. Antitumor activity of hinokiflavone was also validated in mice model without observed toxicity. Our findings suggested that the plant‐derived hinokiflavone could be used as an antitumor agent against colorectal cancer.
Macroeconomic effects of aggregate accounting conservatism: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Do Chuong , Nabar Sandeep 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper examines whether aggregate conditional and unconditional conservatism are associated with economic growth. Prior studies find that conditional conservatism improves contracting efficiency, but that unconditional conservatism has either a neutral or detrimental impact on contracting. We therefore conjecture that country‐level conditional conservatism increases the efficiency of resource allocation in an economy, whereas country‐level unconditional conservatism is not similarly beneficial. Using a cross‐country sample, we construct country‐level estimates of conditional and unconditional conservatism. We find that conditional conservatism is associated with higher level of growth in Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product per Capita. By contrast, unconditional conservatism shows no or negative association. Our study contributes to the ongoing debate on the desirability of accounting conservatism and also extends the literature on the macroeconomic effects of aggregate financial reporting attributes.
A schedule of gross motor development for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Winders P. , Wolter‐Warmerdam K. , Hickey F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundGross motor milestones for children who develop typically have been well established; however, norms for children with Down syndrome (DS) are uncertain. Without a developmental schedule for the gross motor development of children with DS, medical professionals are limited in their ability to identify if the development of a particular child with DS is delayed in comparison with his or her peers (i.e. other children with DS), assess when intervention is needed and answer the questions of parents regarding when their child can be expected to achieve developmental milestones. The objectives of this study are to: (1) provide health care professionals and early intervention providers with longitudinal data on the gross motor development of children with DS gathered prospectively; (2) contribute to the development of a definitive schedule of gross motor development for children with DS; (3) enable the identification of gross motor development that is delayed in comparison with other children with DS; and (4) help medical professionals address the questions of concerned parents who are anxious to know when their child will achieve gross motor skills such as sitting, crawling or walking.MethodsLongitudinal data on 44 defined gross motor skills were collected on a large cohort of children with DS (n = 509) who received care at two referral centres that specialise in DS. Mastery was awarded when skills were observed directly by the physical therapist. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed from a prospective patient clinic database and analysed.ResultsSpecific age of mastery of gross motor skills was assessed. The mean, standard deviation and median age in months of gross motor skill achievement for children with DS, along with the 5th, 25th, 75th and 95th percentiles, are provided for birth to walking skills and post walking skills. No statistically significant gender‐by‐age group difference was observed in the 44 skills.ConclusionsThis study provides a schedule of gross motor development for children with DS derived from data collected prospectively from a large population. The gross motor development of the child with DS can be assessed based on his or her performance relative to other children with DS enabling early identification of advanced, age appropriate or delayed development, allowing for appropriate referrals for targeted intervention.