bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory Characterization of Dominant Malawi Peanut Varieties After Roasting
Authors: Gama Aggrey Pemba , Adhikari Koushik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough sensory appeal influences peanut consumption, peanut varieties are mostly selected based on agronomic traits. As a result, the sensory properties of peanut varieties, especially in southern Africa, are not known. Therefore, the primary objective of the study was to determine the sensory properties of the Malawi peanut varieties and the volatile compounds associated with roasted peanut flavor. Six dominant Malawi peanut varieties (Chalimbana, CG7, Nsinjiro, Kakoma, Baka, and Chitala) were evaluated in this study. All peanut samples were shelled and then, roasted in a convection oven to reach medium doneness as indicated by the surface color lightness (L) value of approximately 50. A hybrid descriptive analysis (DA) was done to determine the sensory profile of the roasted peanuts. Volatile compounds were extracted from equilibrated ground peanut sample using headspace‐solid phase microextraction technique and analyzed by GC‐MS. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the DA data showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the sensory profiles of the peanut varieties. Nsinjiro and Baka had a significantly higher intensity of roasted peanutty aroma and flavor (P < 0.05). The GC‐MS results showed that pyrazines and furans were the dominant volatile compounds but, their respective concentrations, in the evaluated peanut varieties, were significantly different (P < 0.05). Among the pyrazines, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl pyrazine was strongly correlated with roasted peanutty flavor (r = 0.927) just like 2,5 dimethyl pyrazine (r = 0.916). Therefore, 2‐ethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl pyrazine and 2,5‐dimethyl pyrazine production pathways could provide more insights into the origins of roasted peanut flavor.Practical ApplicationThe findings of this study can help food product developers, who have no access to sensory and analytical analyses, to identify Malawi peanut varieties that are suitable for various food applications. Furthermore, plant breeders could also use the findings to inform new projects aimed at improving the sensory properties of the peanut varieties.
Ultrasound detected changes in joint cartilage thickness in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Mitra Sonali , Samui Partha Pratim , Samanta Moumita , Mondal Rakesh Kumar , Hazra Avijit , Mandal Kalyanbrata , Sabui Tapas Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in joint cartilage thickness in different subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) using ultrasound, comparing them with healthy children and to evaluate the relationship with disease duration and inflammatory markers.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study comprising of 27 cases of JIA and 54 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy children. Bilateral wrist, knee and ankle joint cartilage thicknesses were measured by ultrasound as per European League Against Rheumatism standard guidelines and compared them between JIA subtypes as well as between cases and control.ResultsDescriptive analysis of the whole cohort revealed the mean age of the study population was 8.3 ± 3.2 years with mean cartilage thicknesses at the wrist, knee and ankle being 1.40 ± 0.89 mm, 1.57 ± 0.78 mm and 1.41 ± 0.85 mm, respectively. The median cartilage thicknesses of wrist, knee and ankle joints of JIA cases (n = 27) and healthy controls (n = 54) were 1.01, 1.35, 1.05 and 1.95, 2.00, 1.95, respectively. The joint cartilage thickness was significantly reduced in JIA in comparison to the healthy cohort (P < 0.01). Diseased boys suffered greater cartilage damage in knee joints compared to girls; the polyarticular variety of cases had thinner knee cartilage in comparison to the oligoarticular subtype. Further, it was found that joint cartilage destruction is independent of inflammatory markers and disease duration.ConclusionSignificant cartilage thinning in addition was found in JIA children, particularly in the polyarticular subtype, and more in boys than girls, which is independent of disease duration and inflammatory markers, using ultrasound as a primary investigative tool.
Using devitalised seeds in myrmecological research
Authors: O'Hanlon James C , Hill Sarah J , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractField studies of myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ants) can benefit from the use of devitalised seeds, particularly where these studies may involve invasive plants or plants outside of their natural range. Here, we test three different methods of seed devitalisation – gamma irradiation (10.6 kGy over 9.1 h at 23.7–25.4 °C), heating (150 °C for 30 min) and freezing (submerged in liquid nitrogen for 10 min) – in three different Australian plants: Acacia longifolia, Acacia melanoxylon and Kennedia rubicunda. We further test their suitability post‐treatment as stimuli for use in field studies of myrmecochory. Gamma radiation and exposure to heat effectively inhibited germination, whereas freezing did not. The devitalisation treatments did not appear to affect the attractiveness of seeds to ants as there was no significant difference in daily collection rate of control seeds compared to devitalised seeds.
The challenge of putting principles into practice: Resource tensions and real‐world constraints in multidisciplinary oncology team meetings
Authors: Lamprell Klay , Arnolda Gaston , Delaney Geoff P. , Liauw Winston , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultidisciplinary oncology team meetings are crucial hubs for integrated, patient‐centered diagnosis and treatment planning. Team meetings are designed to enact the best practice principles of multidisciplinary care. Yet surveys of clinicians and allied health providers who are members of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) identify real‐world constraints on putting principles into practice. We review the guidelines for multidisciplinary care set out by Cancer Australia and scope the real‐world constraints in enacting each of these guidelines, focusing on the crucial MDT meeting component of multidisciplinary care. We discuss resources and strategies required for compliance.
Pediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in heart failure: 30‐day outcomes; mid‐ and long‐term survival. A single center experience
Authors: Merkle Julia , Azizov Farid , Sabashnikov Anton , Weixler Viktoria , Weber Carolyn , Djordjevic Ilija , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Kröner Axel , Zeriouh Mohamed , Wahlers Thorsten , Bennink Gerardus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNowadays, an increasing number of neonatal and pediatric patients with severe heart failure benefits from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. A total of 39 pediatric patients needed venoarterial ECMO (vaECMO) support in our department between January 2008 and December 2016. Patients were retrospectively divided in two groups: 30‐day survivor group (17 patients) and 30‐day nonsurvivor group (22 patients). Outcome and factors predictive for 30‐day mortality and mid‐ as well as long‐term survival up to 7‐year follow‐up were analyzed by univariate analysis and Kaplan‐Meier survival estimation. Basic demographics and preoperative characteristics did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). 67% of patients were successfully weaned off ECMO and 44% survived 30‐day after ECMO application. After 7‐year follow‐up 28% of pediatric patients were alive. Thirty‐day survivors were significantly more likely to undergo elective cardiac surgery (P = 0.001), whereas significantly more 30‐day nonsurvivors underwent urgent surgery (P = 0.004). Odds of incidence of catecholamine refractory circulatory failure, failed myocardial recovery, and cerebral edema was significantly higher in 30‐day nonsurvivor group (41.6‐fold, 16‐fold, and 2.5‐fold, respectively). Kaplan‐Meier survival estimation analysis revealed significant differences in terms of mid‐ and long‐term survival among neonates, infants, toddlers, and preadolescents (Breslow P = 0.037 and Log‐Rank P = 0.028, respectively). vaECMO provides an efficient therapy option for life‐threatening heart disorders in neonates and pediatric patients being at high risk for myocardial failure leading to circulatory arrest. Urgency of surgery effected on higher mortality, but there was no difference in terms of mortality in 30‐day survivor group in comparison to 30‐day nonsurvivor group among neonates, infants, toddlers, and preadolescents.
Effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of vilaprisan: An open‐label, single‐dose, parallel‐group study
Authors: Chattopadhyay Niladri , Riecke Kai , Ligges Sandra , Zimmermann Torsten , Halabi Atef , Schultze‐Mosgau Marcus‐Hillert 
Published: May 2019

AimsThe study objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the selective progesterone receptor modulator vilaprisan in participants with hepatic impairment. Additionally, the safety and tolerability of vilaprisan were investigated.MethodsIn this phase 1, open‐label, nonrandomised, parallel‐group, pharmacokinetic study, men and women with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (Child–Pugh grade A or B) and control participants with normal hepatic function matched by age, weight and sex received a single oral 2 mg dose of vilaprisan. Key pharmacokinetic parameters, relationships between parameters and safety outcomes were measured.ResultsThirty‐six participants completed the study: 9 with mild hepatic impairment, 9 with moderate hepatic impairment and 18 matched control participants with normal hepatic function. Vilaprisan reached maximum plasma concentrations after 1–2 hours. Unbound vilaprisan exposure was 1.44‐fold higher for participants with mild hepatic impairment vs controls (90% confidence interval: 0.91–2.26), and 1.74‐fold higher for participants with moderate impairment vs controls (90% confidence interval: 1.09–2.78). The maximum observed unbound peak concentrations were similar for participants with hepatic impairment and matched controls. Vilaprisan 2 mg was well tolerated and the incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar across cohorts.ConclusionOnly mild increases of <1.75‐fold in exposure were observed in participants with mild or moderate hepatic impairment compared with control participants. No safety concern was identified. These data, alongside the excellent safety profile observed in phase 1 and 2 studies, do not indicate that a dose adjustment would be required in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
Characterisation of P2Y2 receptors in human vascular endothelial cells using AR‐C118925XX, a competitive and selective P2Y2 antagonist
Authors: Muoboghare Markie O. , Drummond Robert M. , Kennedy Charles 
Published: May 2019

Background and PurposeThere is a lack of potent, selective antagonists at most subtypes of P2Y receptor. The aims of this study were to characterise the pharmacological properties of the proposed P2Y2 receptor antagonist, AR‐C118925XX, and then to use it to determine the role of P2Y2 receptors in the action of the P2Y2 agonist, UTP, in human vascular endothelial cells.Experimental ApproachCell lines expressing native or recombinant P2Y receptors were superfused constantly, and agonist‐induced changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels monitored using the Ca2+‐sensitive fluorescent indicator, Cal‐520. This set‐up enabled full agonist concentration–response curves to be constructed on a single population of cells.Key ResultsUTP evoked a concentration‐dependent rise in intracellular Ca2+ in 1321N1‐hP2Y2 cells. AR‐C118925XX (10 nM to 1 μM) had no effect per se on intracellular Ca2+ but shifted the UTP concentration–response curve progressively rightwards, with no change in maximum. The inhibition was fully reversible on washout. AR‐C118925XX (1 μM) had no effect at native or recombinant hP2Y1, hP2Y4, rP2Y6, or hP2Y11 receptors. Finally, in EAhy926 immortalised human vascular endothelial cells, AR‐C118925XX (30 nM) shifted the UTP concentration–response curve rightwards, with no decrease in maximum.Conclusions and ImplicationsAR‐C118925XX is a potent, selective and reversible, competitive P2Y2 receptor antagonist, which inhibited responses mediated by endogenous P2Y2 receptors in human vascular endothelial cells. As the only P2Y2‐selective antagonist currently available, it will greatly enhance our ability to identify the functions of native P2Y2 receptors and their contribution to disease and dysfunction.
A study of 51 subtypes of peripheral blood immune cells in newly diagnosed young type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Oras A , Peet A , Giese T , Tillmann V , Uibo R 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in pancreatic islets. Various immune cell populations are involved in disease development and natural course. However, to our knowledge, so far there are no comprehensive comparative investigations of all main immune cell populations and their most important subsets at the onset of disease. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed 51 peripheral blood immune cell populations in 22 young T1D patients and in 25 age-matched controls using a comprehensive polychromatic flow cytometry panel developed for whole blood by the COST Action no. BM0907 ENTIRE (European Network for Translational Immunology Research and Education: From Immunomonitoring to Personalized Immunotherapy) consortium. We found that in T1D patients, frequencies and absolute counts of natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DC) and T cells, as well as their respective subsets, were significantly altered compared to controls. Further, we observed that changes in several cell populations (e.g. CD14+CD16+ non-classical monocytes, plasmablasts) were dependent on the age of the patient. In addition to age-related changes, we also found that alterations in immune cell patterns were associated with parameters such as the presence of ketoacidosis and C-peptide serum levels. Our study provides a foundation for future studies investigating different cell lineages and their role in T1D and illustrates the value of polychromatic flow cytometry for evaluating all main peripheral immune cells and their subsets in whole blood samples.
Floppy eyelid syndrome “plasty” procedure: Employment of a periosteal transposition flap for surgery of floppy eyelid syndrome
Authors: Waldie Anna M. , Francis Ian C. , Coroneo Minas T. , Wilcsek Geoffrey 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImportanceFloppy eyelid syndrome “plasty” (FESplasty) is a surgical technique that addresses underlying superior tarsal plate and lateral canthal instability in floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and aims to restore normal anatomical and physiological function to the upper eyelid.BackgroundTo describe the use of FESplasty in the surgical management of FES, and to report outcomes in an initial patient cohort.DesignRetrospective study.ParticipantsSeven patients (nine eyelids) with FES undergoing FESplasty.MethodsA single surgeon (G.W.) performed all procedures. FESplasty utilizes a periosteal flap based at the inferolateral orbital rim, and applied to the anterior surface of the upper tarsal plate. It is combined with a titrated shortening procedure of the upper eyelid. Patient demographics, comorbidities and ocular symptoms and signs were recorded preoperatively. Pre‐ and postoperative upper eyelid distractibility were graded and documented.Main Outcome MeasuresPostoperative improvement in upper eyelid distractibility and symptomatology, operative complications and FES recurrence.ResultsFES symptoms and upper eyelid laxity improved at last follow‐up (average 24 weeks) in all patients, with no FES recurrences after a maximum follow‐up of 36 weeks. One patient, in whom FESplasty exacerbated his pre‐existing aponeurotic ptosis, required definitive ptosis surgery subsequently. There was one case of postoperative wound infection. Obstructive sleep apnoea was present in four of the seven patients. The remaining three patients were awaiting assessment.Conclusions and RelevanceFESplasty is likely to confer long‐term effective stabilization of the lateral canthal tendon, lateral commissure and superior tarsal plate. Anatomical and functional results appeared to have been successfully achieved.
S2k‐Leitlinie Merkelzellkarzinom (MZK, MCC, neuroendokrines Karzinom der Haut) – Update 2018
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Eigentler Thomas , Frerich Bernhard , Gambichler Thilo , Grabbe Stephan , Höller Ulrike , Klumpp Bernhard , Loquai Carmen , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Müller‐Richter Urs , Pföhler Claudia , Schneider‐Burrus Sylke , Stang Andreas , Terheyden Patrick , Ugurel Selma , Veith Johannes , Mauch Cornelia 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Merkelzellkarzinom (MCC, ICD‐O M8247/3) ist ein seltener, maligner, primärer Hauttumor mit epithelialer und neuroendokriner Differenzierung. Die Tumorzellen teilen viele morphologische, immunhistochemische und ultrastrukturelle Eigenschaften mit den Merkelzellen der Haut.Die Diagnose MCC wird selten klinisch gestellt. Erst histologisch und immunhistochemisch wird der Verdacht auf ein MCC bestätigt. Nachdem eine Fernmetastasierung durch Bildgebung mit Schnittbildverfahren ausgeschlossen worden ist, sollte aufgrund der hohen Zahl von okkulten Lymphknotenmetastasen eine Schildwächterlymphknotenbiopsie erfolgen. Bei Primärtumoren ohne Hinweise auf das Vorliegen von Organmetastasen soll eine vollständige chirurgische Exzision mit Sicherheitsabstand erfolgen. Die strahlentherapeutische Behandlung sollte in allen Stadien der Tumorerkrankung in Betracht gezogen werden.Für das fortgeschrittene, operative oder strahlentherapeutische nicht mehr kurativ behandelbare MCC gibt es bisher keine etablierte systemische Therapie, für die in einer prospektiv‐randomisierten Studie eine Verbesserung des rezidivfreien Überlebens oder des Gesamtüberlebens demonstriert werden konnte. Eine Immuntherapie mittels PD‐1/PD‐L1‐Blockade erscheint aber einer Chemotherapie überlegen zu sein.Aufgrund seiner Aggressivität, der in der Regel gegebenen Indikation zur Schildwächterlymphknotenbiopsie bei gleichzeitig häufiger Lokalisation im Kopf‐Hals‐Bereich, der zu evaluierenden Indikation einer adjuvanten Radiotherapie sowie der Komplexität der notwendigen Diagnostik zur korrekten Prognoseabschätzung soll das Vorgehen im Rahmen einer interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit (interdisziplinäres Tumorboard) festgelegt werden.
Ethical principles for promoting health research data sharing with sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Anane‐Sarpong Evelyn , Wangmo Tenzin , Tanner Marcel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA powerful feature of global health research is data‐sharing with regions which bear the heaviest burden of disease. It offers novel opportunities for aggregating data to address critical global health challenges in ways higher than relying on individual studies. Yet there exist important stratifiers of the capacity to share data, particularly across the Global North‐South divide. Systemic challenges that characterize sub‐Saharan Africa and disadvantage the region's scientific productivity threaten the burgeoning data‐sharing culture too. Like all endeavors requiring equal commitments under unequal circumstances, a strong ethical impetus is needed to help reduce inequities and imbalances to encourage adherence. This article discusses mandatory data‐sharing in relation to peculiar challenges faced by sub‐Saharan African scientists to suggest ethical principles for rethinking and reframing solutions. We propose six principles which mirror guidelines from the Institute of Medicine and encapsulate principles from the Emanuel Framework, Nairobi Data Sharing Principles, and the COHRED guidelines.
Cognitive impairment in children with CACNA1A mutations
Authors: Humbertclaude Veronique , Riant Florence , Krams Benjamin , Zimmermann Valerie , Nagot Nicolas , Annequin Daniel , Echenne Bernard , Tournier‐Lasserve Elisabeth , Roubertie Agathe ,   Episodic Syndrome Consortium
Published: May 2019

AimTo describe the clinico‐radiological phenotype of children with a CACNA1A mutation and to precisely evaluate their learning ability and cognitive status.MethodChildren between the ages of 3 and 18 years harboring a pathogenic CACNA1A mutation associated with episodic ataxia, hemiplegic migraine, benign paroxysmal torticollis, benign paroxysmal vertigo, or benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze, were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Data concerning psychomotor development, academic performance, educational management, clinical examination at inclusion, and brain imaging were collected. Cognitive assessment was performed using age‐standardized scales.ResultsEighteen patients (nine males, nine females; mean age at inclusion: 11y 7mo [SD 4y 5mo; range 3y–17y 11mo]) from 14 families were enrolled. Eleven patients displayed the coexistence or consecutive occurrence of more than one type of episodic event. Nine patients exhibited abnormal neurological examination at inclusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed cerebellar atrophy in five patients. Psychomotor development was delayed in nine patients and academic difficulties were reported by the parents in 15 patients; nine patients were in special education. Impairment of intellectual function was assessed in six of the 12 patients with interpretable Full‐scale IQ scores and was more frequent when cerebellar atrophy was present on MRI.InterpretationCognitive impairment is commonly associated with CACNA1A mutations. We suggest that CACNA1A‐associated phenotype should be considered a neurodevelopmental disorder.What this paper adds

Cognitive disabilities and academic difficulties are common in children with CACNA1A mutations associated with episodic syndromes.

Cognitive function ranges from normal to moderate intellectual disorder in wheelchair‐dependent children.

Patients with vermian atrophy are at a higher risk of cognitive impairment.
Assessment of fetal modified myocardial performance index in early‐onset and late‐onset fetal growth restriction
Authors: Zhang Lina , Han Jijing , Zhang Na , Li Zhen , Wang Jingjing , Xuan Yinghua , Kagan Karl Oliver , Wu Qingqing , Sun Lijuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the changes of modified myocardial performance index (Mod‐MPI) in early‐onset and late‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) cases, and its association with adverse perinatal outcome.MethodsThis was a prospective study on 77 early‐onset and 100 late‐onset FGR cases. Hundred normal fetuses were matched as control groups for early‐onset and late‐onset FGR groups, respectively. Mod‐MPI and vessel Doppler parameters including umbilical artery (UA), ductus venosus (DV), and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were measured. Perinatal outcomes were followed up. Mod‐MPI of FGR cases were compared in normal Doppler, abnormal Doppler, and control groups. The association of Mod‐MPI and perinatal outcome was investigated, and further efficacy of Mod‐MPI predicting adverse outcome was studied.ResultsCompared with control groups, both abnormal and normal Doppler groups showed increased Mod‐MPI in early‐onset and late‐onset FGR, respectively. Mod‐MPI had no significant difference between abnormal and normal Doppler groups. Mod‐MPI was associated with adverse outcome in early‐onset FGR (OR = 3.307) and late‐onset FGR (OR = 3.412). The sensitivity and specificity of Mod‐MPI predicting adverse outcome were 60% and 80% when cutoff value was 0.47 in early‐onset FGR. And they were 65% and 70% when cutoff value was 0.50 in late‐onset FGR.ConclusionFetal growth restriction fetuses had increased Mod‐MPI. Mod‐MPI could be used to predict adverse perinatal outcome of FGR fetuses. Mod‐MPI was an effective parameter to supplement vessels’ Doppler parameters in monitoring FGR.