bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for the prevention of deaths among nursing home residents with unexplained absences
Authors: Woolford Marta H. , Bugeja Lyndal , Weller Carolina , Boag Jane , Willoughby Melissa , Ibrahim Joseph E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesUnexplained absences (UAs) contribute to the mortality and morbidity rates in the nursing home (NH) population. Valuing expert professional knowledge and skills is central to the achievement of improved care in NHs. This study developed and prioritised recommendations to prevent deaths of NH residents (NHRs) with UAs.MethodsTwo expert consultation forums using the modified nominal group technique to develop recommendations were conducted, followed by an online survey to prioritise the most important recommendations for implementation. A framework applying the temporal dimension (“pre‐event,” “event” and “post‐event”) of an internationally accepted injury prevention framework, Haddon's Matrix, was applied to the recommendations. Participants were purposively sampled and identified via aged care organisations; and were selected based on their experience in aged care practice, policy, research, elder rights, seniors' law, or missing persons search and rescue (SAR).ResultsForum one comprised six, and forum two comprised nine experts from mixed disciplines. Seven participants completed the online survey. Twenty recommendations to prevent future injury and death were developed, five of which were prioritised for implementation in the aged care sector. In order of priority, these include: universal UA definition; mandated SAR plan, early assessment of NHRs; unmet needs behavioural assessments; and participation in decision‐making.ConclusionsThe recommendations cover the broad spectrum of complex issues raised in managing unexplained absences, and are a vital first step towards informing care providers, governments and SAR teams about how to prevent injury and death of NHRs in residents with UAs. Future research should explore how to translate and evaluate the recommendations into practice.
Accuracy of ultrasound in measurement of the pediatric cricothyroid membrane
Authors: Walsh Bill , Fennessy Paul , Ni Mhuircheartaigh Roisin , Snow Aisling , McCarthy Kevin F. , McCaul Conan L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmergency front of neck airway is a recommended airway rescue strategy in children over 1 year old. Surgical tracheostomy is advocated as the first‐line technique, but in the absence of an ear, nose and throat surgeon cricothyroidotomy or tracheostomy is proposed. Recent research shows that clinical identification of the cricothyroid membrane is frequently inaccurate in older children and adults and has prompted investigation of ultrasound as a potential clinical tool for emergency front of neck airway. Advance knowledge of the dimensions of the pediatric cricothyroid membrane may assist clinicians in determining the feasibility of emergency front of neck airway, optimum technique, and equipment.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of ultrasound‐assisted pediatric cricothyroid membrane localization and dimension measurement using magnetic resonance imaging as the reference standard.MethodsAfter structured training, two pediatric anesthesiology trainees used ultrasound to identify and measure the dimensions of the cricothyroid membrane in pediatric patients undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging of the head and neck under general anesthesia. A pediatric radiologist reviewed the corresponding magnetic resonance imaging scans and measured the height of the cricothyroid membrane. The accuracy of the cricothyroid membrane height as measured by ultrasound was compared to that measured by magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsTwenty‐two patients were included in the study. The cricothyroid membrane was accurately identified by ultrasound in all cases. The correlation coefficient for cricothyroid membrane height measured by ultrasound and that measured by magnetic resonance imaging was 0.98 (95% C.I 0.95‐0.99, P < 0.0001). The bias was −0.16 mm and the precision was 0.19 mm. All differences were within the a priori limits of agreement. The 95% limits of agreement were −0.54 to 0.22 mm.ConclusionUltrasound can be used to accurately identify and measure cricothyroid membrane height in pediatric patients. This approach could have clinical and research utility.
Mixed‐methods evaluation of a transition and young adult clinic for kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Michaud Vanessa , Achille Marie , Chainey Fanie , Phan Véronique , Girardin Catherine , Clermont Marie‐José 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to describe the experiences of kidney transplant patients attending a young adult clinic or a regular adult clinic, to explore similarities and differences between the groups, and to conduct an evaluation of the clinical and psychosocial outcomes of the young adult clinic, by comparing these outcomes to those of the regular adult clinic. A mixed‐methods design combining qualitative and quantitative data was used. Empirically validated questionnaires measuring self‐determination theory variables, quality of life, and adherence were distributed to all consenting patients attending the YAC (n = 17) and RAC (n = 16). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a subsample of the first (n = 10) and second group (n = 8), and analyzed using thematic analysis. Clinical outcomes were retrieved from medical records. Descriptive, correlational, and comparative analyses were performed. We found clinically significant differences on tacrolimus blood levels variability, self‐reported adherence, and physical quality of life. Small and medium effect sizes were detected. No statistical differences were found. Statistically significant correlations were found between self‐determination theory variables and both physical quality of life and different measures of adherence. Four themes characterized patients’ experiences: resilience; relational needs and the therapeutic alliance; quest for balance; and quest for normalcy. The young adult clinic seems to meet its initial objectives and to make a difference particularly in the early period post‐transition, but over time what matters most for patients is therapeutic alliance. Mental health issues need to be better addressed, and special attention should be paid to youths transplanted in an adult setting.
Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy improves quality of life of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis patients up to 3 months: Results from an observational multicenter study
Authors: Väkevä Liisa , Niemelä Sirkka , Lauha Meri , Pasternack Rafael , Hannuksela‐Svahn Anna , Hjerppe Anna , Joensuu Adrienn , Soronen Minna , Ylianttila Lasse , Pastila Riikka , Kautiainen Hannu , Snellman Erna , Grönroos Mari , Karppinen Toni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/PurposeNarrowband UVB phototherapy is a common treatment modality in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, but evidence of its actual effect in clinical setting is sparse. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and costs of narrowband UVB phototherapy in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in clinical setting.MethodsWe observed 207 psoriasis patients and 144 atopic dermatitis patients in eight centers. SAPASI, PO‐SCORAD, and VAS measures were used at baseline, at the end, and 3 months after the narrowband UVB phototherapy course. Quality of life was measured using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and costs were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsIn both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, the DLQI and Self‐Administrated PASI (SAPASI)/Patient‐Oriented SCORAD (PO‐SCORAD) improved significantly and the results remained improved for at least 3 months in both groups. Alleviation of pruritus correlated with better quality of life in both patient groups. We reported slight redness and burning side effects which were due to lack of MED testing. Self‐administered tools proved to be useful in evaluating pruritus and severity of the disease in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Mean patient costs were 310 € and 21 hours of time, and mean costs for the healthcare provider were 810 €.ConclusionIn psoriasis, narrowband UVB is a very efficient treatment in clinical setting, whereas in atopic dermatitis, more studies are needed to determine the best dosage.
Nursing faculty teaching characteristics as perceived by nursing students: an integrative review
Authors: Labrague Leodoro J. , McEnroe‐Petitte Denise M. , D'Souza Melba Sheila , Hammad Karen S. , Hayudini Jahara Noor Ali 
Published: May 2019

AimsNursing faculty members play a pivotal role in the achievement of nursing students’ learning outcomes. A broader understanding of what constitutes effective teaching is essential in order to ensure that effective learning takes place in the clinical area. This review sought to identify the most and least effective nursing faculty characteristics as perceived by nursing students.MethodsAn integrative review of the literature was undertaken. Studies were sourced from the following electronic databases: PsycINFO, PubMed Central, CINAHL, Medline and Scopus. An electronic search of relevant studies published between 2001 and 2017 was conducted using the following search terms: ‘nursing’, ‘students’, ‘nurse faculty’, ‘nurse tutor’, ‘nurse educator’, ‘effective’, ‘clinical education’, ‘effectiveness’, ‘clinical instructor’, ‘nurse instructor’, ‘teaching behaviour’, and ‘teaching characteristics’.FindingsTwenty‐nine articles met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed that nursing students value nursing faculty's competence and interpersonal skills over their personality traits. Furthermore, the review highlighted that there exists a lack of studies that examine individual factors, which may influence nursing students’ choice of teaching behaviours. Future studies linking teaching behaviours and nursing student learning outcomes are recommended.ConclusionNursing faculty must strive to improve their professional competence and interpersonal skills in order to better provide quality education to nursing students.
Pengaruh Sokongan Emosi dan Sosial ke atas Hubungan Intergenerasi dalam Penjagaan Warga Tua Pelbagai Etnik
Authors: Md Nawi Nurul Hudani , Megat Ahmad Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmad Hayati , A. Malek Mohd Dahlan , Cosmas Getrude , Ibrahim Habibie Ibrahim , Voo Peter 
Published: May 2019

This study aims to identify the psychological and social supports on intergenerational relationships among adult children who care for the elderly (parents) in the multi-ethnic community of Sabah. The objective of the study was to examine the influence of emotional and social support on the intergenerational relationship in the elderly care. There are 200 questionnaires that can be used from 250 respondents consisting of young adults who play the role of guardians of the elderly. Three sets of questionnaires were used in this study: the Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire-Revised (PACHIQ-R) (Lange, 2001) questionnaire was adapted in this study is the current version of the results of the modification from the First Phase version of The Parent- Child Interaction Questionnaire (PACHIQ) (Lange, Blonk & Wiers, 1998) to measure the intergeneration relationship. Next, The Emotional Support Scale questionnaire (ESS) developed by Hisada, Seng and Minoguchi (1989) was used to measure psychological support whereas Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) by Sarason, Levine, Basham (1983) for measuring social support. Regression analysis from SPSS software was used to analysis the influence between variables. Studies show that emotional support contributes to the intergenerational relationship. Social support contributes 27 percent to variance in intergenerational relationships. While the combination of two forms of social and emotional support contributes 40 percent variance to the intergenerational relationship, an increase of 13 percent. This finding shows that both forms of support can help improve intergenerational relationships between children acting as guardians with older parents. The implication of this study suggests that there is a need to develop a policy module based on the National Elderly Policy (DWEN) which needs to be done in holistic and integrated national action plans to ensure the welfare of the guardians as well as the elderly.
Practice modulates motor‐related beta oscillations differently in adolescents and adults
Authors: Gehringer James E. , Arpin David J. , Heinrichs‐Graham Elizabeth , Wilson Tony W. , Kurz Max J. 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Magnetoencephalography data were acquired during a leg force task in pre‐/post‐practice sessions in adolescents and adults.
Strong peri‐movement alpha and beta oscillations were mapped to the cortex.
Following practice, performance improved and beta oscillations were altered.
Beta oscillations decreased in the sensorimotor cortex in adolescents after practice, but increased in adults.
No pre‐/post‐practice differences were detected for alpha oscillations.
AbstractThere is considerable evidence that there are motor performance and practice differences between adolescents and adults. Behavioural studies have suggested that these motor performance differences are simply due to experience. However, the neurophysiological nexus for these motor performance differences remains unknown. The present study investigates the short‐term changes (e.g. fast motor learning) in the alpha and beta event‐related desynchronizations (ERDs) associated with practising an ankle plantarflexion motor action. To this end, we utilized magnetoencephalography to identify changes in the alpha and beta ERDs in healthy adolescents (n = 21; age = 14 ± 2.1 years) and middle‐aged adults (n = 22; age = 36.6 ± 5 years) after practising an isometric ankle plantarflexion target‐matching task. After practice, all of the participants matched more targets and matched the targets faster, and had improved accuracy, faster reaction times and faster force production. However, the motor performance of the adults exceeded what was seen in the adolescents regardless of practice. In conjunction with the behavioural results, the strength of the beta ERDs across the motor planning and execution stages was reduced after practice in the sensorimotor cortices of the adolescents, but was stronger in the adults. No pre‐/post‐practice changes were found in the alpha ERDs. These outcomes suggest that there are age‐dependent changes in the sensorimotor cortical oscillations after practising a motor task. We suspect that these noted differences might be related to familiarity with the motor task, GABA levels and/or maturational differences in the integrity of the white matter fibre tracts that comprise the respective cortical areas.
Non‐invasive assessment of superficial and deep layer circuits in human motor cortex
Authors: Kurz Alexander , Xu Wei , Wiegel Patrick , Leukel Christian , N. Baker Stuart 
Published: May 2019

Key points
The first indirect (I) corticospinal volley from stimulation of the motor cortex consists of two parts: one that originates from infragranular layer 5 and a subsequent part with a delay of 0.6 ms to which supragranular layers contribute.
Non‐invasive probing of these two parts was performed in humans using a refined electrophysiological method involving transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation.
Activity modulation of these two parts during a sensorimotor discrimination task was consistent with previous results in monkeys obtained with laminar recordings.
AbstractCircuits in superficial and deep layers play distinct roles in cortical computation, but current methods to study them in humans are limited. Here, we developed a novel approach for non‐invasive assessment of layer‐specific activity in the human motor cortex. We first conducted brain slice and in vivo experiments on monkey motor cortex to investigate the output timing from layer 5 (including corticospinal neurons) following extracellular stimulation. Neuron responses contained cyclical waves. The first wave was composed of two parts: the earliest part originated only from stimulation of layer 5; after 0.6 ms, stimuli to superficial layers 2/3 could also contribute. In healthy humans we then assessed different parts of the first corticospinal volley elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), by interacting TMS with stimulation of the median nerve generating an H‐reflex. By adjusting the delay between stimuli, we could assess the earliest volley evoked by TMS, and the part 0.6 ms later. Measurements were made while subjects performed a visuo‐motor discrimination task, which has been previously shown in monkey to modulate superficial motor cortical cells selectively depending on task difficulty. We showed a similar selective modulation of the later part of the TMS volley, as expected if this part of the volley is sensitive to superficial cortical excitability. We conclude that it is possible to segregate different cortical circuits which may refer to different motor cortex layers in humans, by exploiting small time differences in the corticospinal volleys evoked by non‐invasive stimulation.
The Coach’s Role in Creating Moral Group Norms in Youth Sport
Authors: Shigeno Terilyn C. , Lauer E. Earlynn , Fisher Leslee A. , Johnson Emily J. , Zakrajsek Rebecca A. 
Published: May 2019

Though commonly emphasized by parents, coaches, and youth sport organizations, relatively little research exists with regard to morality in youth sport. In this Insights paper, we utilize Shields and Bredemeier’s 12-component model of moral action to help coaches become aware of how sport contextual influences, personal competencies, and ego-processing variables influence the moral behavior of their athletes. With insight from conversations with youth sport coaches, in addition to empirical and professional practice evidence, we provide coaches with three practical strategies they can use to: (a) consider how morality fits into their coaching philosophy, (b) create moral group norms within their teams, and (c) integrate moral decision-making into their practice plans.
Randomized trial of ultrasound-guided superior cluneal nerve block
Authors: Nielsen Thomas Dahl , Moriggl Bernhard , Barckman Jeppe , Jensen Jan Mick , Kolsen-Petersen Jens Aage , Søballe Kjeld , Børglum Jens , Bendtsen Thomas Fichtner 
Published: May 2019

Background and objectivesThe superior cluneal nerves originate from the dorsal rami of primarily the upper lumbar spinal nerves. The nerves cross the iliac spine to innervate the skin and subcutaneous tissue over the gluteal region. The nerves extend as far as the greater trochanter and the area of innervation may overlap anterolaterally with the iliohypogastric and the lateral femoral cutaneous (LFC) nerves. A selective ultrasound-guided nerve block technique of the superior cluneal nerves does not exist. A reliable nerve block technique may have application in the management of postoperative pain after hip surgery as well as other clinical conditions, for example, chronic lower back pain. In the present study, the primary aim was to describe a novel ultrasound-guided superior cluneal nerve block technique and to map the area of cutaneous anesthesia and its coverage of the hip surgery incisions.MethodsThe study was carried out as two separate investigations. First, dissection of 12 cadaver sides was conducted in order to test a novel superior cluneal nerve block technique. Second, this nerve block technique was applied in a randomized trial of 20 healthy volunteers. Initially, the LFC, the subcostal and the iliohypogastric nerves were blocked bilaterally. A transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block technique was used to block the iliohypogastric nerve. Subsequently, randomized, blinded superior cluneal nerve blocks were conducted with active block on one side and placebo block contralaterally.ResultsSuccessful anesthesia after the superior cluneal nerve block was achieved in 18 of 20 active sides (90%). The area of anesthesia after all successful superior cluneal nerve blocks was adjacent and posterior to the area anesthetized by the combined TFP and subcostal nerve blocks. The addition of the superior cluneal nerve block significantly increased the anesthetic coverage of the various types of hip surgery incisions.ConclusionThe novel ultrasound-guided nerve block technique reliably anesthetizes the superior cluneal nerves. It anesthetizes the skin posterior to the area innervated by the iliohypogastric and subcostal nerves. It improves the anesthetic coverage of incisions used for hip surgery. Among potential indications, this new nerve block may improve postoperative analgesia after hip surgery and may be useful as a diagnostic block for various chronic pain conditions. Clinical trials are mandated.Trial registration numberEudraCT, 2016-004541-82.
GUCY2C Signaling Opposes the Acute Radiation-Induced GI Syndrome
Authors: Li Peng , Wuthrick Evan , Rappaport Jeff A. , Kraft Crystal , Lin Jieru E. , Marszalowicz Glen , Snook Adam E. , Zhan Tingting , Hyslop Terry M. , Waldman Scott A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
High doses of ionizing radiation induce acute damage to epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, mediating toxicities restricting the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in cancer and morbidity and mortality in nuclear disasters. No approved prophylaxis or therapy exists for these toxicities, in part reflecting an incomplete understanding of mechanisms contributing to the acute radiation-induced GI syndrome (RIGS). Guanylate cyclase C (GUCY2C) and its hormones guanylin and uroguanylin have recently emerged as one paracrine axis defending intestinal mucosal integrity against mutational, chemical, and inflammatory injury. Here, we reveal a role for the GUCY2C paracrine axis in compensatory mechanisms opposing RIGS. Eliminating GUCY2C signaling exacerbated RIGS, amplifying radiation-induced mortality, weight loss, mucosal bleeding, debilitation, and intestinal dysfunction. Durable expression of GUCY2C, guanylin, and uroguanylin mRNA and protein by intestinal epithelial cells was preserved following lethal irradiation inducing RIGS. Oral delivery of the heat-stable enterotoxin (ST), an exogenous GUCY2C ligand, opposed RIGS, a process requiring p53 activation mediated by dissociation from MDM2. In turn, p53 activation prevented cell death by selectively limiting mitotic catastrophe, but not apoptosis. These studies reveal a role for the GUCY2C paracrine hormone axis as a novel compensatory mechanism opposing RIGS, and they highlight the potential of oral GUCY2C agonists (Linzess; Trulance) to prevent and treat RIGS in cancer therapy and nuclear disasters. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5095–106. ©2017 AACR.