bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among a geriatric population living in a high-altitude region of rural Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Kapil Umesh , Khandelwal Ritika , Khenduja Preetika , Sareen Neha , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Upadhyay Ashish Datt 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and risk factors of underweight, overweight and obesity among a geriatric population living in a high-altitude region of India.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study. Data were collected on sociodemographic profile and anthropometric parameters. Weight and height measurements were utilized for calculation of BMI. Nutrient intake data were collected using 24 h dietary recall.SettingHigh-altitude region of Nainital District, Uttarakhand State, North India.SubjectsCommunity-dwelling geriatric subjects (n981) aged 60 years or above.ResultsWe found that 26·6 % of the elderly subjects were underweight (BMI<18·5 kg/m2). Overweight (BMI 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI≥30·0 kg/m2) was seen among 18·0 % and 4·6 %, respectively. After controlling for potential cofounders, risk factors such as low level of education and income, chewing problems and lower number of daily meals were found to be associated with underweight. On the other hand, risk factors for overweight/obesity were lower age, high income and unskilled work.ConclusionsThere is a need to develop and implement intervention strategies to prevent underweight, overweight and obesity among the geriatric population of India.
QTL mapping for seedling morphology under drought stress in wheat cross synthetic (W7984)/Opata
Authors: Khalid Maria , Gul Alvina , Amir Rabia , Ali Mohsin , Afzal Fakiha , Quraishi Umar Masood , Ahmed Zubair , Rasheed Awais 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDrought stress ‘particularly at seedling stage’ causes morpho-physiological differences in wheat which are crucial for its survival and adaptability. In the present study, 209 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from synthetic wheat (W7984)× ‘Opata’ (also known as SynOpRIL) population were investigated under well-watered and water-limited conditions to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for morphological traits at seedling stage. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P< 0.01) among RILs, and water treatments for all traits with moderate to high broad sense heritability. Pearson's coefficient of correlation revealed positive correlation among all traits except dry root weight that showed poor correlation with fresh shoot weight (FSW) under water-limited conditions. A high-density linkage map was constructed with 2639 genotyping-by-sequencing markers and covering 5047 cM with an average marker density of 2 markers/cM. Composite interval mapping identified 16 QTL distributed over nine chromosomes, of which six were identified under well-watered and 10 in water-limited conditions. These QTL explained from 4 to 59% of the phenotypic variance. Six QTL were identified on chromosome 7B; three for shoot length under water-limited conditions (QSL.nust-7B) at 64, 104 and 221 cM, two for fresh root weight (QFRW.nust-7B) at 124 and 128 cM, and one for root length (QRL.nust-7B) at 122 cM positions.QFSW.nust-7Bappeared to be the most significant QTL explaining 59% of the phenotypic variance and also associated with FSW at well-watered conditions. These QTL could serve as target regions for candidate gene discovery and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding.
Social Psychological Skill and Its Correlates
Authors: Gollwitzer Anton , Bargh John A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In six studies (N = 1,143), we investigated social psychological skill – lay individuals’ skill at predicting social psychological phenomena (e.g., social loafing, attribution effects). Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated reliable individual differences in social psychological skill. In Studies 2, 3, and 4, attributes associated with decreased cognitive and motivational bias – cognitive ability, cognitive curiosity, and melancholy and introversion – predicted social psychological skill. Studies 4 and 5 confirmed that social psychological skill is distinct from other skills (e.g., test-taking skills, intuitive physics), and relates directly to reduced motivational bias (i.e., self-deception). In Study 6, social psychological skill related to appreciating the situational causes of another individual’s behavior – reduced fundamental attribution error. Theoretical and applied implications are considered.
Reactive-site-centric chemoproteomics identifies a distinct class of deubiquitinase enzymes
Authors: Hewings David S. , Heideker Johanna , Ma Taylur P. , AhYoung Andrew P. , El Oualid Farid , Amore Alessia , Costakes Gregory T. , Kirchhofer Daniel , Brasher Bradley , Pillow Thomas , Popovych Nataliya , Maurer Till , Schwerdtfeger Carsten , Forrest William F. , Yu Kebing , Flygare John , Bogyo Matthew , Wertz Ingrid E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractActivity-based probes (ABPs) are widely used to monitor the activity of enzyme families in biological systems. Inferring enzyme activity from probe reactivity requires that the probe reacts with the enzyme at its active site; however, probe-labeling sites are rarely verified. Here we present an enhanced chemoproteomic approach to evaluate the activity and probe reactivity of deubiquitinase enzymes, using bioorthogonally tagged ABPs and a sequential on-bead digestion protocol to enhance the identification of probe-labeling sites. We confirm probe labeling of deubiquitinase catalytic Cys residues and reveal unexpected labeling of deubiquitinases on non-catalytic Cys residues and of non-deubiquitinase proteins. In doing so, we identify ZUFSP (ZUP1) as a previously unannotated deubiquitinase with high selectivity toward cleaving K63-linked chains. ZUFSP interacts with and modulates ubiquitination of the replication protein A (RPA) complex. Our reactive-site-centric chemoproteomics method is broadly applicable for identifying the reaction sites of covalent molecules, which may expand our understanding of enzymatic mechanisms.
Multiplexed imaging of high-density libraries of RNAs with MERFISH and expansion microscopy
Authors: Wang Guiping , Moffitt Jeffrey R. , Zhuang Xiaowei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs an image-based single-cell transcriptomics approach, multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) allows hundreds to thousands of RNA species to be identified, counted and localized in individual cells while preserving the native spatial context of RNAs. In MERFISH, RNAs are identified via a combinatorial labeling approach that encodes RNA species with error-robust barcodes followed by sequential rounds of single-molecule FISH (smFISH) to read out these barcodes. The accuracy of RNA identification relies on spatially separated signals from individual RNA molecules, which limits the density of RNAs that can be measured and makes the multiplexed imaging of a large number of high-abundance RNAs challenging. Here we report an approach that combines MERFISH and expansion microscopy to substantially increase the total density of RNAs that can be measured. Using this approach, we demonstrate accurate identification and counting of RNAs, with a near 100% detection efficiency, in a ~130-RNA library composed of many high-abundance RNAs, the total density of which is more than 10 fold higher than previously reported. In parallel, we demonstrate the combination of MERFISH with immunofluorescence in expanded samples. These advances increase the versatility of MERFISH and will facilitate its application to a wide range of biological problems.
The Effect of Obesity on the Availabilities of Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters
Authors: Nam Su Bong , Kim Keunyoung , Kim Bum Soo , Im Hyung-Jun , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Seong-Jang , Kim In Joo , Pak Kyoungjune 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe authors investigated relations between obesity, age, and sex and the availabilities of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and extrastriatal serotonin transporter (SERT) by 123I-FP-CIT single-photon emission computed tomography. The study population consisted of 192 healthy controls with screening 123I-FP-CIT scans. Specific bindings of 123I-FP-CIT to DAT and SERT were calculated using regions of interest. Specific binding ratios (SBRs) of DAT and SERT except pons (r = 0.2217, p = 0.0026), were not correlated with body mass index (BMI). SBRs of midbrains correlated negatively with the BMIs of obese subjects (r = −0.3126, p = 0.0496), and positively with the those of non-obese subjects (r = 0.2327, p = 0.0053). SBRs of caudate nucleus (r = −0.3175, p < 0.0001), striatum (r = −0.226, p = 0.0022), and thalamus (r = −0.1978, p = 0.0074) reduced with age, and SERT availability was higher in males. However, DAT availability was similar in males and females. In conclusion, obesity has an effect on midbrain SERT availability. In addition, BMI was correlated with pontine SERT availability but not with striatal DAT availability. SERT availability was higher in males, but DAT availability showed no gender predilection.
The Evolution of Covert Signaling
Authors: Smaldino Paul E. , Flamson Thomas J. , McElreath Richard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman sociality depends upon the benefits of mutual aid and extensive communication. However, diverse norms and preferences complicate mutual aid, and ambiguity in meaning hinders communication. Here we demonstrate that these two problems can work together to enhance cooperation through the strategic use of deliberately ambiguous signals: covert signaling. Covert signaling is the transmission of information that is accurately received by its intended audience but obscured when perceived by others. Such signals may allow coordination and enhanced cooperation while also avoiding the alienation or hostile reactions of individuals with different preferences. Although the empirical literature has identified potential mechanisms of covert signaling, such as encryption in humor, there is to date no formal theory of its dynamics. We introduce a novel mathematical model to assess when a covert signaling strategy will evolve, as well as how receiver attitudes coevolve with covert signals. Covert signaling plausibly serves an important function in facilitating within-group cooperative assortment by allowing individuals to pair up with similar group members when possible and to get along with dissimilar ones when necessary. This mechanism has broad implications for theories of signaling and cooperation, humor, social identity, political psychology, and the evolution of human cultural complexity.
An Aberrant Microbiota is not Strongly Associated with Incidental Colonic Diverticulosis
Authors: Jones Roshonda B. , Fodor Anthony A. , Peery Anne F. , Tsilimigras Matthew C. B. , Winglee Kathryn , McCoy Amber , Sioda Michael , Sandler Robert S. , Keku Temitope O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColonic diverticula are protrusions of the mucosa through weak areas of the colonic musculature. The etiology of diverticulosis is poorly understood, but could be related to gut bacteria. Using mucosal biopsies from the sigmoid colon of 226 subjects with and 309 subjects without diverticula during first-time screening colonoscopy, we assessed whether individuals with incidental colonic diverticulosis have alternations in the adherent bacterial communities in the sigmoid colon. We found little evidence of substantial associations between the microbial community and diverticulosis among cases and controls. Comparisons of bacterial abundances across all taxonomic levels showed differences for phylum Proteobacteria (p = 0.038) and family Comamonadaceae (p = 0.035). The r-squared values measuring the strength of these associations were very weak, however, with values ~2%. There was a similarly small association between the abundance of each taxa and total diverticula counts. Cases with proximal only diverticula and distal only diverticula likewise showed little difference in overall microbiota profiles. This large study suggests little association between diverticula and the mucosal microbiota overall, or by diverticula number and location. We conclude that the mucosal adherent microbiota community composition is unlikely to play a substantial role in development of diverticulosis.
Giant Faraday Rotation in Metal-Fluoride Nanogranular Films
Authors: Kobayashi N. , Ikeda K. , Gu Bo , Takahashi S. , Masumoto H. , Maekawa S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagneto-optical Faraday effect is widely applied in optical devices and is indispensable for optical communications and advanced information technology. However, the bismuth garnet Bi-YIG is only the Faraday material since 1972. Here we introduce (Fe, FeCo)-(Al-,Y-fluoride) nanogranular films exhibiting giant Faraday effect, 40 times larger than Bi-YIG. These films have a nanocomposite structure, in which nanometer-sized Fe, FeCo ferromagnetic granules are dispersed in a Al,Y-fluoride matrix.
Assessment of plant species diversity based on hyperspectral indices at a fine scale
Authors: Peng Yu , Fan Min , Song Jingyi , Cui Tiantian , Li Rui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFast and nondestructive approaches of measuring plant species diversity have been a subject of excessive scientific curiosity and disquiet to environmentalists and field ecologists worldwide. In this study, we measured the hyperspectral reflectances and plant species diversity indices at a fine scale (0.8 meter) in central Hunshandak Sandland of Inner Mongolia, China. The first-order derivative value (FD) at each waveband and 37 hyperspectral indices were used to assess plant species diversity. Results demonstrated that the stepwise linear regression of FD can accurately estimate the Simpson (R2 = 0.83), Pielou (R2 = 0.87) and Shannon-Wiener index (R2 = 0.88). Stepwise linear regression of FD (R2 = 0.81, R2 = 0.82) and spectral vegetation indices (R2 = 0.51, R2 = 0.58) significantly predicted the Margalef and Gleason index. It was proposed that the Simpson, Pielou and Shannon-Wiener indices, which are widely used as plant species diversity indicators, can be precisely estimated through hyperspectral indices at a fine scale. This research promotes the development of methods for assessment of plant diversity using hyperspectral data.
Priming the body to receive the therapeutic agent to redefine treatment benefit/risk profile
Authors: Germain Matthieu , Meyre Marie-Edith , Poul Laurence , Paolini Marion , Berjaud Céline , Mpambani Francis , Bergere Maxime , Levy Laurent , Pottier Agnès 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany therapeutic agents offer a low useful dose (dose responsible for efficacy)/useless dose (dose eliminated or responsible for toxicity) ratio, mainly due to the fact that therapeutic agents must ensure in one single object all the functions required to deliver the treatment, which leads to compromises in their physico-chemical design. Here we introduce the concept of priming the body to receive the treatment by uncorrelating these functions into two distinct objects sequentially administered: a nanoprimer occupying transiently the main pathway responsible for therapeutic agent limited benefit/risk ratio followed by the therapeutic agent. The concept was evaluated for different nature of therapeutic agents: For nanomedicines we designed a liposomal nanoprimer presenting preferential hepatic accumulation without sign of acute toxicity. This nanoprimer was able to increase the blood bioavailability of nanomedicine correlated with a lower hepatic accumulation. Finally this nanoprimer markedly enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of irinotecan loaded liposomes in the HT-29 tumor model when compared to the nanomedicine alone. Then, for small molecules we demonstrated the ability of a cytochrome inhibitor loaded nanoprimer to increase efficacy of docetaxel treatment. These results shown that specific nanoprimers could be designed for each family of therapeutic agents to answer to their specific needs.
Near-native, site-specific and purification-free protein labeling for quantitative protein interaction analysis by MicroScale Thermophoresis
Authors: Bartoschik Tanja , Galinec Stefanie , Kleusch Christian , Walkiewicz Katarzyna , Breitsprecher Dennis , Weigert Sebastian , Muller Yves A. , You Changjiang , Piehler Jacob , Vercruysse Thomas , Daelemans Dirk , Tschammer Nuska 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMicroScale Thermophoresis (MST) is a frequently used method for the quantitative characterization of intermolecular interactions with several advantages over other technologies. One of these is its capability to determine equilibrium constants in solution including complex biological matrices such as cell lysates. MST requires one binding partner to be fluorescent, which is typically achieved by labeling target proteins with a suitable fluorophore. Here, we present a near-native, site-specific in situ labeling strategy for MST experiments that enables reliable measurements in cell lysates and that has distinct advantages over routine covalent labeling techniques. To this end, we exploited the high-affinity interaction of tris-NTA with oligohistidine-tags, which are popular for purification, immobilization or detection of recombinant proteins. We used various DYE-tris-NTA conjugates to successfully label His-tagged proteins that were either purified or a component of cell lysate. The RED-tris-NTA was identified as the optimal dye conjugate with a high affinity towards oligohistidine-tags, a high fluorescence signal and an optimal signal-to-noise ratio in MST binding experiments. Owing to its emission in the red region of the spectrum, it also enables reliable measurements in complex biological matrices such as cell lysates allowing a more physiologically realistic assessment and eliminating the need for protein purification.
High-density genetic map construction and comparative genome analysis in asparagus bean
Authors: Huang Haitao , Tan Huaqiang , Xu Dongmei , Tang Yi , Niu Yisong , Lai Yunsong , Tie Manman , Li Huanxiu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenetic maps are a prerequisite for quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, marker-assisted selection (MAS), fine gene mapping, and assembly of genome sequences. So far, several asparagus bean linkage maps have been established using various kinds of molecular markers. However, these maps were all constructed by gel- or array-based markers. No maps based on sequencing method have been reported. In this study, an NGS-based strategy, SLAF-seq, was applied to create a high-density genetic map for asparagus bean. Through SLAF library construction and Illumina sequencing of two parents and 100 F2 individuals, a total of 55,437 polymorphic SLAF markers were developed and mined for SNP markers. The map consisted of 5,225 SNP markers in 11 LGs, spanning a total distance of 1,850.81 cM, with an average distance between markers of 0.35 cM. Comparative genome analysis with four other legume species, soybean, common bean, mung bean and adzuki bean showed that asparagus bean is genetically more related to adzuki bean. The results will provide a foundation for future genomic research, such as QTL fine mapping, comparative mapping in pulses, and offer support for assembling asparagus bean genome sequence.
The Role of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT) 1 and 2 in Cardiac Metabolism and Function
Authors: Roe Nathan D. , Handzlik Michal K. , Li Tao , Tian Rong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is increasingly recognized that synthesis and turnover of cardiac triglyceride (TG) play a pivotal role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and function of the heart. The last step in TG synthesis is catalyzed by diacylglycerol:acyltransferase (DGAT) which esterifies the diacylglycerol with a fatty acid. Mammalian heart has two DGAT isoforms, DGAT1 and DGAT2, yet their roles in cardiac metabolism and function remain poorly defined. Here, we show that inactivation of DGAT1 or DGAT2 in adult mouse heart results in a moderate suppression of TG synthesis and turnover. Partial inhibition of DGAT activity increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation without affecting PPARα signaling, myocardial energetics or contractile function. Moreover, coinhibition of DGAT1/2 in the heart abrogates TG turnover and protects the heart against high fat diet-induced lipid accumulation with no adverse effects on basal or dobutamine-stimulated cardiac function. Thus, the two DGAT isoforms in the heart have partially redundant function, and pharmacological inhibition of one DGAT isoform is well tolerated in adult hearts.
Bell’s inequality tests via correlated diffraction of high-dimensional position-entangled two-photon states
Authors: Li Wei , Zhao Shengmei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBell inequality testing, a well-established method to demonstrate quantum non-locality between remote two-partite entangled systems, is playing an important role in the field of quantum information. The extension to high-dimensional entangled systems, using the so-called Bell-CGLMP inequality, points the way in measuring joint probabilities, the kernel block to construct high dimensional Bell inequalities. Here we show that in theory the joint probability of a two-partite system entangled in a Hilbert space can be measured by choosing a set of basis vectors in its dual space that are related by a Fourier transformation. We next propose an experimental scheme to generate a high-dimensional position-entangled two-photon state aided by a combination of a multiple-slit and a 4 f system, and describe a method to test Bell’s inequality using correlated diffraction. Finally, we discuss in detail consequences of such Bell-test violations and experimental requirements.
Delta-like 3 is silenced by HBx via histone acetylation in HBV-associated HCCs
Authors: Hamamoto Hiroki , Maemura Kentaro , Matsuo Kentaro , Taniguchi Kohei , Tanaka Yoshihisa , Futaki Sugiko , Takeshita Atsushi , Asai Akira , Hayashi Michihiro , Hirose Yoshinobu , Kondo Yoichi , Uchiyama Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with poor prognosis. We previously showed that expression of Delta-like 3 (DLL3), a member of the family of Delta/Serrate/Lag2 ligands for the Notch receptor, is silenced by aberrant DNA methylation and that overexpression of DLL3 in an HCC cell line induces cellular apoptosis. However, how DLL3 expression is regulated during hepatocarcinogenesis is still unclear. Here, we show that silencing of DLL3 during hepatocarcinogenesis is closely related to viral infection, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (p = 0.005). HepG2.2.15 cells, which are stably transformed with the HBV genome, showed lower DLL3 expression than the parent cell line, HepG2 cells. Treatment with Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) small interfering RNA upregulated DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells, and overexpression of HBx in HepG2 cells downregulated DLL3 expression. Treatment of cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor induced DLL3 expression in HepG2.2.15 cells. These data suggest that DLL3 expression is silenced during hepatocarcinogenesis in association with HBV infection via an epigenetic mechanism.