bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves and intra-articular injection of steroid in relieving pain and improving function among candidates of knee replacement surgery
Authors: Chabungbam Margaret , Singh Akoijam J. , Singh Longjam N. , Pilania Chandrakant , Choorapra Sreejith , Swami Tripti , Rajkumari Kanti 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the second most common rheumatologic problem in India. Prevalence of OA in India is 22–39% and knee OA alone contributes to 80% of OA burden. Despite the immense impact of this disease, very few effective non-surgical treatment options are available. The present study aims to compare fluoroscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of genicular nerves with intra-articular (IA) injection of methylprednisolone acetate in relieving pain and improving function in Grade 3 and 4 OA of knee.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A randomized controlled trial was done in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of 1 year on 76 patients with knee OA Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade 3 and 4. They were divided into two groups: study and control groups. The study group underwent RFA of genicular nerves of knee, whereas the control group received IA knee injection with methylprednisolone acetate 80 mg. Assessments of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were done at 1, 4, and 12 weeks.

RESULTS:
The study group showed a decrease in VAS score from 6.84 ± 0.638 at baseline to 2.61 ± 0.718 at 1 week and 2.97 ± 0.885 at 12 weeks. The control group showed a decrease in VAS score from 5.82 ± 0.563 at baseline to 2.18 ± 0.393 at 1 week and 4.03 ± 0.545 at 12 weeks. WOMAC function score improved from 44.79 ± 7.185 at baseline to 26.79 ± 4.375 at 12 weeks in the RFA group, whereas in the steroid group it improved from 41.26 ± 5.310 at baseline 24.89 ± 3.431 at 12 weeks (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION:
RFA of genicular nerve can be used as an effective modality for providing cost-effective and long-standing pain relief in patients with KL Grade 3 and 4 OA knee who are unable to undergo knee replacement surgery.
Functional outcome of proximal tibia fractures (Shatzker’s type V and VI) fixed with open reduction and internal fixation with dual plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Singh Charan Jagdish , Singh Vishal , Gundavarapu Avinash , Kumar Shashi H. K. 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Tibial plateau fractures occur when the proximal tibia bears an excessive axial load and commonly occur in road Traffic accidents and sports injuries. It constitutes 1% of all orthopedic fractures and 8% of fractures in the elderly. The treatment of tibial plateau fractures is continuously evolving. Various techniques have emerged over the last few decades. Many people have studied these fractures and their management modalities and no single consensus has been reached regarding the superiority of any modality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Following institutional scientific and ethical committee approval, this study was undertaken in the patients with proximal tibia fractures (Shatzker’s type V and VI) reporting to the Department of Orthopedics at Apollo Hospital Bannerghatta Road, Bengaluru during the study period. This was a prospective observational study. A total of 30 consecutive patients were followed up as per the inclusion criteria. They were followed up for 6 months.

RESULTS:
There were a total of 30 cases of proximal tibia Shatzker type V and VI fractures followed up during the study period. The demographics constituted 73.33% males and 26.67% females with an age range of 23–64 years and a mean age of 41.66 years. The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents amounting to 73.33% of fractures. The majority of patients were in the age group less than 40 years and men were involved more than women. The functional outcome measured via the Modified Rasmussen Score showed good to excellent results in 93.33% of cases in the postop period at 6 months.

CONCLUSION:
This study shows fixation with dual anatomical locking plate and screws for proximal tibia Shatzker type V and VI fractures gives good to excellent functional outcomes in the early postop period.
Triple-Phase Computed Tomography and Sonoelastographic Evaluation in Focal Hepatic Lesions
Authors: Patil Satish D. , Kamat H Arjun , Nimbal Vishal , Sajjan Siddaroodha , Muchandi Rajshekhar , Patil Shivanand , Kanamadi Suresh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism and has a complex vascular structure, making the accurate characterization of hepatic lesions essential for diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the effectiveness of triple-phase computed tomography (CT) and sonoelastography in evaluating focal hepatic lesions.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients with liver lesions who underwent triple-phase CT and elastographic ultrasound evaluations. The study analyzed various lesion characteristics, such as echogenicity, shape, and stiffness measurements, obtained through elastography.

Results:
Ultrasonography findings varied significantly between benign and malignant lesions. Elastography values were higher in malignant lesions, and triple-phase CT provided detailed insights into lesion characteristics, confirming the effectiveness of these imaging techniques in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions.

Conclusions:
The integration of triple-phase CT and sonoelastography offers a comprehensive approach to evaluating focal hepatic lesions, enhancing diagnostic accuracy, particularly in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.
Investigating the Relationship Between Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Adolescents
Authors: Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Hajeer Mohammad Younis , Alruwaili Renad Atallah , Alfaleh Almas Ali , Alhashash Ola Bassam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Orthodontic treatment is widely utilized to correct malocclusions and improve dental aesthetics in adolescents. However, its potential association with the development of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) remains controversial.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 200 adolescents aged 12–18 years undergoing orthodontic treatment. Participants were divided into two groups: those receiving fixed appliances (n = 150) and those undergoing aligner therapy (n = 50). The presence and severity of TMDs were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment initiation. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors.

Results:
At baseline, 10% of the total cohort exhibited mild TMD symptoms. After 12 months, 25% of the fixed appliance group showed an increase in TMD symptoms, compared to 15% in the aligner group. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the duration of treatment with fixed appliances and the development of TMDs (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.1; P = 0.02). However, no significant correlation was found between aligner therapy and TMD incidence (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.5–2.3; P = 0.67).

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that prolonged orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances may increase the risk of developing TMDs in adolescents, whereas aligner therapy appears to have a minimal impact on TMJ function.
The Impact of Virtual Reality-Based Simulation Training on Dental Students’ Clinical Skills and Confidence
Authors: Singh Vikas , Vidya B , Jameela Reshma V. , Bipinchandra Liya N. , Bordoloi Pratiksha , Srivastav Monika 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Virtual reality (VR) technology has emerged as a promising tool in dental education, offering immersive and interactive environments for students to practice clinical skills.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 dental students. Participants were randomly assigned to either a VR-based simulation training group (n = 30) or a control group receiving traditional training (n = 30). The VR group utilized a VR simulation platform that included various clinical scenarios, while the control group engaged in conventional hands-on practice with dental models. Clinical skills were assessed using a standardized checklist, and student confidence was measured through a validated questionnaire before and after the training.

Results:
The VR-based simulation group demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical skills, with an average score increase from 65% to 85% (P < 0.01), compared to the control group, which showed an increase from 64% to 72% (P < 0.05). Additionally, students in the VR group reported a substantial boost in confidence levels, with mean scores rising from 3.2 to 4.5 out of 5, compared to the control group’s increase from 3.1 to 3.8 (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
VR-based simulation training significantly enhances dental students’ clinical skills and confidence compared to traditional methods. This innovative approach has the potential to supplement conventional training, providing a more effective and engaging learning experience.
Quantitative Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris During Root Canal Instrumentation with Self-Adjusting File, Reciprocating File, and Rotary Files: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Burad Pratik A. , Fuladi Kushal U. , Ramteke Ankita D. , Akotkar Aishwarya M. , Mokhade Vidya A , Bhagat Anil 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To prevent postoperative problems, successful debridement, disinfection, and obturation are essential components of endodontic therapy. Inflammation and flare ups may result from the apical ejection of bacteria, infected dentin, necrosed pulp tissue, and irrigants. In recent days many rotational root canal instrumentation devices have been designed to lessen debris ejection.

Materials and Methods:
Extracted 75 mandibular first premolars were split into five groups of different rotary systems, including the Self Adjusting File (SAF), WaveOne (WO), OneShape (OS), Mtwo, and ProTaper NEXT (PTN), used to instrument each group. After biomechanical processing, the extruded material was weighed and collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes to determine the debris’s apical extrusion. A one way ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey–Kramer multiple comparisons test were used to statistically evaluate the debris weights, P < 0.05.

Results:
Apical debris ejection was seen in all instrumentation systems. With a mean value of 0.0013 mg, the SAF system displayed the least amount of extrusion, PTN (0.0028 mg), Mtwo (0.0035 mg), OS (0.011 mg), WO (0.0122 mg). A statistically significant difference (P = 0.0003) was found between the groups according to the ANOVA test. Significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between SAF and WO, SAF and OS and between WO and PTN, WO and Mtwo.

Conclusion:
The research came to the conclusion that all rotary file systems produced debris to extrude apically but SAF showed the least amount of debris extrusion and WO the highest.
Evaluation of Bone Supported Ultra Lock Ezy Bar versus Erich Arch Bar for the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Desai Yesha M. , Kumar B Saravana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Maxillofacial trauma treatment involves maxillomandibular fixation. Despite reduced need for post-operative MMF with plating devices, temporary intraoperative MMF is still necessary for proper tooth positioning. The aim of this research is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness, impact on patient gingival health, glove perforation, and time required for utilizing the Ultra Lock Ezy Bar compared to Erich’s Arch Bar.

Methods:
Ten patients with mandibular fractures were randomly split into two groups for treatment: Group A (study) and Group B (control). Group A received treatment with an Ultra Lock Ezy Bar and screws, while Group B received treatment using an Erich’s Arch Bar and wires. Follow-ups were done for suture removal, wound healing, and evaluations on gingival index, glove perforations, and treatment times.

Results:
In application time, group A had mean of 44.00 ± 3.391 and group B had 90 ± 9.354, with no significant difference. Neither group showed significant mean differences in removal time. Group B had statistically significant glove perforation (4.80 ± 0.837) compared to 0 in group A. Pre-operative gingival index comparison showed significance. After four weeks, group B’s mean index was 1.720 ± 0.2387 and group A’s was 1.120 ± 0.2049 with no statistical distinctions.

Conclusion:
To sum up, the randomized control experiment produced convincing results when comparing Erich’s Arch Bar with Ultra Lock Ezy Bar for mandibular fixation in ten patients. With notably quicker application and removal times, no glove perforations, and comparable gingival health immediately following surgery, Ultra Lock Ezy Bar showed clear benefits.
Assessment of the Relationship between Craniofacial Measurements and Maxillary Central Incisor Width using Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Alresheedi Bandar Awadh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aimed to explore the relationships between bizygomatic width, inter-orbital distance, and the central incisor width (CIW).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were analyzed. The measurements taken included bizygomatic width and inter-orbital distance. A bivariate correlation was performed to evaluate the relationships between CIW and craniofacial measurements. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare these measurements between genders.

Results:
Mean values for CIW and bizygomatic width were significantly higher in males than females (P < 0.05). The bivariate analysis revealed significant, positive, moderate correlations between CIW and bizygomatic width (r = 0.401, P < 0.01), but not inter-orbital distance (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study found that while bizygomatic width is moderately correlated with CIW, inter-orbital distance is not. Additionally, significant gender differences exist regarding bizygomatic width and CIW, with males exhibiting larger dimensions.
Resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de amplio espectro en el Hospital Nacional de San Marcos
Authors: Sotz Poyón Lester Wilfredo , Curuchiche Mux Rolando Emmanuel , Fuentes de León Ericka Melissa , Velásquez Ortega Karina Dalila , Castillo Callejas Aylin Alejandra , Domínguez Alcázar Edmundo José , Armas Imeri Sergio André , Mínchez Molina Franci Adalberto 
Published: November 2024

PROBLEMA: Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud la resistencia bacteriana constituye una de las 10 principales amenazas a la salud pública; esto resulta en infecciones más difíciles de tratar, mayor duración de las enfermedades y un incremento en los costos de atención médica. OBJETIVO: Determinar cuál es la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos de amplio espectro por medio de urocultivos positivos y antibiograma para optimizar el manejo y tratamiento de las infecciones de las vías urinarias en pacientes que acudieron al Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional de San Marcos, San Marcos, Guatemala. MÉTODO: descriptivo retrospectivo no experimental, con enfoque mixto, analizando 484 urocultivos que resultaron positivos de los años 2019 al 2023. RESULTADOS: La bacteria que predominó en los urocultivos fue Escherichia coli en 422 urocultivos de los 484 urocultivos positivos, esto corresponde a una tasa de incidencia de 87.19%. Los antibióticos que presentaron mayor índice de resistencia a las distintas cepas bacterianas fueron: trimetroprim/sulfametoxazol en 243 urocultivos positivos (50.21%), ciprofloxacino en 167 (34.5%), ampicilina 129 (26.65%), ceftriaxona 127 (26.24%), ceftazidima 126 (26.03%), cefepime 111 (22.93%) y ampicilina/sulbactam 109 (22.52%). CONCLUSIÓN: La resistencia a estos antibióticos puede ser por varios factores como: la venta libre de los mismos, los más recetados por lo médicos sin indicación y automedicación con el mismo tratamiento, no cumplimiento según posología de tratamiento antibiótico, poca práctica de relaciones sexuales saludables, conllevando todo esto a la creciente resistencia en los últimos años a estos fármacos.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Lapas Kelas IIB Tasikmalaya Menggunakan Sensor PIR dan Ultrasonik dengan Notifikasi Suara
Authors: Kuswana Ali , Nanang Durahman  
Published: November 2024

Salah satu bidang kehidupan yang memanfaatkan teknologi komputer canggih adalah perangkat elektronik. Penelitian ini dilakukan mengenai subjek sensor PIR dan ultrasonik sebagai sensor sistem keamanan untuk mendeteksi gerakan seseorang yang mendekati sensor. Adapun yang penulis lakukan disini pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif. Sistem keamanan di Lapas kelas IIB Tasikmalaya pada dasarnya merupakan suatau kegiatan untuk mewujudkan kehidupan dan penghidupan yang teratur,aman dan tentram secara terencana, terarah dan sistematis sehingga dapat menjamin terselenggaranya kegiatan perawatan Tahanan dan pembinaan Warga Binaan pemasyarakatan dalam rangka mewujudkan tujuan Pemasyarakatan. Bagaimanakah pelaksanaan panjagaan Satuan petugas P2U mengawasi lalulintas yang terjadi di pintu 3, Bagaimanakah petugas memastikan Narapidana dan Tahanan tidak berada di daerah steril area, kelebihan dan kekurangan sensor PIR dan ultrasonik pada pengendalian sarana pengamanan. Jika sensor PIR mendeteksi adanya gerakan, akan mengirimkan sinyal ke Arduino, kemudian mengaktifkan Buzzer untuk menghasilkan suara peringatan sebagai indikasi adanya intrusi disaat petugas menjaga keamanan dan ketertiban Lapas Kelas IIB Tasikmalaya.
In Vitro Analysis of Benzopyran Derivative's Action Against Aspergillus Species
Authors: Punia Aruna , Chhillar Anil Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate in vitro activity of two specific benzopyran derivatives: Ethyl 2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylate and 2-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl) thiazolidine., with the aim of ascertaining their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and discerning their cytotoxic effects on human RBCs.

Theoretical Framework: Aspergillus fumigatus causes numerous global deaths annually. Its increasing resistance to conventional antifungals and many azoles underscores the urgency for new therapeutic solutions.

Method: Compounds were synthesized and we utilized the Disc Diffusion Assay, Microdilution Assay, Spore Germination Inhibition Assay, and Electron Microscopy to assess the anti-Aspergillus effects of PI 103 and PI 105. Additionally, the Hemolytic Assay was conducted to evaluate its potential acute toxicity.

Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for PI 103 varied between 15.6 mg/L and 250 mg/L, with no observable activity in two out of thirteen strains. For PI 105, the MIC ranged from 3.9 mg/L to 62.5 mg/L.

Research Implications: Both compounds exhibited encouraging outcomes and demonstrated non-toxicity. Future refinements and research could bolster their efficacy. Their safety profile also paves the way for their potential use in a wider range of therapeutic treatments against fungal infections.
Cooking Culture
Authors: Wooten Stephen 
Published: November 2024

In this open access book, Stephen Wooten offers a holistic historical ethnography of cooking and female agency inWestAfrica, and of the broader cultural and historical significance of women’s culinary agency.
Drawing on archaeological evidence, historical accounts, and extensive ethnographic research, Stephen Wooten documents and theorizes Malian women’s culinary agency. He finds that their cooking not only transforms raw ingredients into cooked fare, providing essential physical nourishment, but also helps foster fundamental values, facilitate elemental family and community dynamics, and reproduce gender identities and relations. These findings shed light on the cultural productivity of cooking within a specific African context and foster a deeper appreciation for the significance of culinary dynamics more broadly. The study makes important contributions to the fields of African studies, anthropology, and “everyday studies”.
The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Bloomsbury Open Collections Library Collective.
Chinua Achebe
Authors: Falola Toyin 
Published: November 2024

An imaginative, narratological reading of Chinua Achebe's novels, stories, poetry, and essays through a literary and historical framework.
Toyin Falola analyzes fictional and historical cartographies of Africa in Achebe’s literary works to offer a critical representation of Africa's present and future. In particular, he focuses on the historical valuation of a full range of the writer's works – novels includingThings Fall Apart, but also short stories, poems, and essays – as important materials that have contributed to the political events in Nigeria and, by extension, Africa.
The raw creativity found in Achebe’s stories and his ability to tell the Nigerian story – precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial – have endeared him to many, including readers and those critical of him and his works.Chinua Achebe: Narrating Africa in Fictions and Historyanalyzes all of the writer’s works, dwelling on the Nigerian political context upon which many, if not all, of his narratives lie. As a result, it examines methodologies of narration and ideologies that allow his works to resonate with the imagination of Africa.
¿Y si se cae internet?
Authors: Paniagua Esther 
Published: November 2024

El artículo aborda la vulnerabilidad de Internet ante un posible apagón. Partiendo de la advertencia del filósofo Daniel Dennett, se analiza cómo un fallo en el protocolo BGP, el que se encarga de direccionar el tráfico de la red, puede causar el colapso de Internet. Desde los años 90 los expertos en ciberseguridad vienen anunciando que el protocolo tiene puntos vulnerables. Por ejemplo, el grupo de hackers éticos Lopht declaró que podrían derribar Internet en media hora. Además, los casos de ciberataques y los errores humanos han llevado a caídas temporales en servicios críticos, como el apagón de Meta en 2021. Como conclusión, se puede afirmar que la infraestructura digital es frágil, pero esto no evita que la sociedad siga siendo dependiente de ella.
The article addresses the vulnerability of the Internet to a possible blackout. Based on the warning of philosopher Daniel Dennett, it analyzes how a failure in the BGP protocol, which is responsible for directing network traffic, can cause the collapse of the Internet. Since the 90s, cybersecurity experts have been announcing that the protocol has vulnerabilities. For example, the ethical hacker group Lopht stated that they could take down the Internet in half an hour. In addition, cases of cyberattacks and human error have led to temporary outages in critical services, such as Meta’s blackout in 2021. In conclusion, it can be said that digital infrastructure is fragile, but this does not prevent society from continuing to be
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