bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimax estimation of a bivariate cumulative distribution function
Authors: Połoczański Rafał , Wilczyński Maciej 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The problem of estimating a bivariate cumulative distribution function F under the weighted squared error loss and the weighted Cramer–von Mises loss is considered. No restrictions are imposed on the unknown function F. Estimators, which are minimax among procedures being affine transformation of the bivariate empirical distribution function, are found. Then it is proved that these procedures are minimax among all decision rules. The result for the weighted squared error loss is generalized to the case where F is assumed to be a continuous cumulative distribution function. Extensions to higher dimensions are briefly discussed.
Understanding Business Disruption and Economic Losses Due to Electricity Failures and Flooding
Authors: Koks Elco , Pant Raghav , Thacker Scott , Hall Jim W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Failure of critical national infrastructures can cause disruptions with widespread economic impacts. To analyze these economic impacts, we present an integrated modeling framework that combines: (1) geospatial information on infrastructure assets/networks and the natural hazards to which they are exposed; (2) geospatial modeling of the reliance of businesses upon infrastructure services, in order to quantify disruption to businesses locations and economic activities in the event of infrastructure failures; and (3) multiregional supply-use economic modeling to analyze wider economic impacts of disruptions to businesses. The methodology is exemplified through a case study for the United Kingdom. The study uses geospatial information on the location of electricity infrastructure assets and local industrial areas, and employs a multiregional supply-use model of the UK economy that traces the impacts of floods of different return intervals across 37 subnational regions of the UK. The results show up to a 300% increase in total economic losses when power outages are included in the risk assessment, compared to analysis that just includes the economic impacts of business interruption due to flooded business premises. This increase indicates that risk studies that do not include failure of critical infrastructures may be underestimating the total losses.
Bounded interdisciplinarity: critical interdisciplinary perspectives on context and evidence in behavioural public policies
Authors: FEITSMA JORAM , WHITEHEAD MARK 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA behavioural public policy movement has flourished within the global policy realm. While this movement has been deemed interdisciplinary, incorporating behavioural science theories and methods in a neoclassical economics-governed policy process, this paper analyses the bounded form of interdisciplinarity that characterizes it. We claim that an engagement is missing with the broader sweep of social sciences, which share similar concerns but deploy different analytical perspectives from those of behavioural public policy. Focusing on two central concepts (context and evidence), we aim to show how behavioural public policy's bounded interdisciplinarity implies constrained understandings of context and evidence, thereby limiting its complex problem-solving abilities. At the same time, we highlight some alternative examples of behavioural public policy practice that do explore new critical interdisciplinary horizons.
Legal Rules for the Response and Recuperation Before the Phenomenon of El Niño Costero, Peru, 2017
Authors: Bambaren Celso , Alatrista Maria del Socorro 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to identify regulations that were established and implemented as an emergency disaster response to intense rain and floods generated by the El Niño coastal phenomenon.Methods:A search was conducted for the legal norms approved and published between December 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017, in El Peruano, Peru’s official newspaper. Twenty legal norms involved disaster emergency response, rehabilitation, and the reconstruction of the affected regions.Results:Forty-six legal norms were identified, of which 41% were aimed at the declaration of emergencies and alerts, 22% to facilitate the management of economic resources, and 13% for coordination actions. Sixty-two percent of the approved standards were set for the regional level, 22% for the national level, 7% for the municipal level, and the remaining 10% corresponded with more than 1 level of government.Conclusions:The actions during and after the El Niño coastal phenomenon required the approval of standards included in the legal framework of Peru’s disaster risk management, as well as a large number of unforeseen standards to address existing regulatory gaps and specific problems that occurred during this natural disaster.
Interseeded annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover tolerance to residual herbicides commonly used in corn
Authors: Brooker Aaron P , Sprague Christy L , Renner Karen A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCover cropping is limited by seasonal constraints following corn harvest in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Grass, clover, and brassica cover crops can be interseeded in corn; however, this is problematic because cover crops must tolerate herbicide applications to manage weeds. The objective of this research was to determine the tolerance of broadcast interseeded annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover to PRE and POST residual herbicide applications in corn. From 2016 to 2018 field trials were conducted in Michigan to determine the tolerance of annual ryegrass, oilseed radish, and crimson clover to 13 PRE and 14 POST (applied to V2 corn) herbicides. Cover crops were interseeded into corn at the V3 and V6 stages. Greenhouse experiments to evaluate these species were also conducted from 2016 to 2018; PRE and POST herbicides were applied at 1×, 0.5×, and 0.25× (0.25× was PRE only) of field-application rates. Based on these results, annual ryegrass can be interseeded into V3 or V6 corn following a PRE application of atrazine, clopyralid, saflufenacil, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, or mesotrione, or a POST application of atrazine, bromoxynil, or mesotrione. Oilseed radish can be interseeded into V3 or V6 corn following a PRE application of clopyralid, atrazine, S-metolachlor, bicyclopyrone, or isoxaflutole or at V6 following application of acetochlor, dimethenamid-P, or mesotrione. Oilseed radish can also be interseeded following POST application of atrazine (571 g ai ha−1), bromoxynil, fluthiacet, acetochlor, mesotrione, dicamba + diflufenzopyr, or dimethenamid-P + topramezone. In greenhouse trials, crimson clover was tolerant to rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE. Annual ryegrass and oilseed radish can be interseeded into corn at the V3 and V6 stages, but special attention must be given to cover crop species selection and herbicide label restrictions when following herbicide applications in corn.
Dominant-negative ATF5 rapidly depletes survivin in tumor cells
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Angelastro James M. , Merino David , Zhou Qing , Siegelin Markus D. , Greene Lloyd A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurvivin (BIRC5, product of the BIRC5 gene) is highly expressed in many tumor types and has been widely identified as a potential target for cancer therapy. However, effective anti-survivin drugs remain to be developed. Here we report that both vector-delivered and cell-penetrating dominant-negative (dn) forms of the transcription factor ATF5 that promote selective death of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo cause survivin depletion in tumor cell lines of varying origins. dn-ATF5 decreases levels of both survivin mRNA and protein. The depletion of survivin protein appears to be driven at least in part by enhanced proteasomal turnover and depletion of the deubiquitinase USP9X. Survivin loss is rapid and precedes the onset of cell death triggered by dn-ATF5. Although survivin downregulation is sufficient to drive tumor cell death, survivin over-expression does not rescue cancer cells from dn-ATF5-promoted apoptosis. This indicates that dn-ATF5 kills malignant cells by multiple mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, survivin depletion. Cell-penetrating forms of dn-ATF5 are currently being developed for potential therapeutic use and the present findings suggest that they may pose an advantage over treatments that target only survivin.
Transfusional iron overload and intravenous iron infusions modify the mouse gut microbiota similarly to dietary iron
Authors: La Carpia Francesca , Wojczyk Boguslaw S. , Annavajhala Medini K. , Rebbaa Abdelhadi , Culp-Hill Rachel , D’Alessandro Angelo , Freedberg Daniel E. , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Hod Eldad A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIron is essential for both microorganisms and their hosts. Although effects of dietary iron on gut microbiota have been described, the effect of systemic iron administration has yet to be explored. Here, we show that dietary iron, intravenous iron administration, and chronic transfusion in mice increase the availability of iron in the gut. These iron interventions have consistent and reproducible effects on the murine gut microbiota; specifically, relative abundance of the Parabacteroides and Lactobacillus genera negatively correlate with increased iron stores, whereas members of the Clostridia class positively correlate with iron stores regardless of the route of iron administration. Iron levels also affected microbial metabolites, in general, and indoles, in particular, circulating in host plasma and in stool pellets. Taken together, these results suggest that by shifting the balance of the microbiota, clinical interventions that affect iron status have the potential to alter biologically relevant microbial metabolites in the host.
Association between Diabetes and Keratoconus: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Whelchel Amy E. , McKay Tina B. , Priyadarsini Shrestha , Rowsey Tyler , Karamichos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKeratoconus (KC) and chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) are both associated with significant defects in the human corneal structure. Studies have long suggested that DM is linked to KC, mainly via the crosslinking mechanism, but scientific evidences are lacking. The role of altered systemic metabolism is well-established in both DM and KC with studies suggesting localized altered cellular metabolism leading to the development of corneal pathologies. We have previously characterized the metabolic defects associated with both conditions using targeted metabolomics. To compare metabolic differences between KC and DM-derived corneal fibroblasts, we performed a respective study of two cohorts of the KC and DM populations using a retrospective analysis of targeted metabolomics data. The goal of this study was to identify the group of differentially regulated metabolites, in KC versus DM, so that we may unravel the link between the two devastating corneal pathologies.
Assessments und Outcome-Parameter bei axialer Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kiltz Uta , Tsiami Styliani , Kiefer David , Baraliakos Xenofon , Bühring Björn , Braun Jürgen 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie standardisierte Erfassung der klinischen Manifestation und Patienten-berichteter Endpunkte (heute international gebräuchlich Outcomes) von Patienten mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) ist notwendig, um die Erkrankung hinsichtlich Ausmaß und Aktivität der Erkrankung so objektiv wie möglich abbilden zu können und damit die Grundlage für klinische Entscheidungen zu schaffen. Die standardisierte Erfassung bezieht sich auf Domänen wie Krankheitsaktivität, Lebensqualität, Funktions- und Erwerbsfähigkeit, aber auch auf einzelne Aspekte wie Schmerzen, Arthritis und Enthesitis. Sowohl die Domänen als auch die Einzelaspekte werden überwiegend als direkt vom Patienten berichtete Endpunkte mittels eines Selbstauskunftsbogens erhoben (patient reported outcomes (PRO)). Ausnahme bildet die Erfassung der entzündlichen Beteiligung von Gelenken und Sehnenansätzen und die körperliche Untersuchung der Wirbelsäulenmobilität. In interventionellen Studien werden Status- oder Response-Kriterien eingesetzt, um die Veränderung, oft ausgedrückt als20 oder 40%ige Verbesserung, quantitativ erfassen zu können. Die Instrumente sind in den 90er Jahren in Bath und in den letzten 20 Jahren von ASAS (Assessments in Axial Spondlyoarthritis International Society) entwickelt worden.
CRISPR in context: towards a socially responsible debate on embryo editing
Authors: Morrison Michael , de Saille Stevienna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFollowing the birth in 2018 of two babies from embryos altered using CRISPR-Cas9, human germline gene editing (GGE) moved from abstract concern to reality. He Jiankui, the scientist responsible, has been roundly condemned by most scientific, legal and ethical commentators. However, opinions remain divided on whether GGE could be acceptably used in the future, and how, or if it should be prohibited entirely. The many reviews, summits, positions statements and high-level meetings that have accompanied the emergence of CRISPR technology acknowledge this, calling for greater public engagement to help reach a consensus on how to proceed. These calls are laudable but far from unproblematic. Consensus is not only hugely challenging to reach, but difficult to measure and to know when it might be achieved. Engagement is clearly desirable, but engagement strategies need to avoid the limitations of previous encounters between publics and biotechnology. Here we set CRISPR in the context of the biotechnology and fertility industries to illustrate the lessons to be learned. In particular we demonstrate the importance of avoiding a ‘deficit mode’ in which resistance is attributed to a lack of public understanding of science, addressing the separation of technical safety criteria from ethical and social matters, and ensuring the scope of the debate includes the political-economic context in which science is conducted and new products and services are brought to market. Through this history, we draw on Mary Douglas’ classic anthropological notion of ‘matter out of place’ to explain why biotechnologies evoke feelings of unease and anxiety, and recommend this as a model for rehabilitating lay apprehension about novel biological technologies as legitimate matters of concern in future engagement exercises about GGE.
Certainty adverbs in spoken learner language
Authors: Pérez-Paredes Pascual , Díez-Bedmar María Belén 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Our research examines the use of three stance adverbs of certainty (actually, really and obviously) across B1, B2 and C1 levels in the Trinity Lancaster Corpus (TLC). Particularly, we examined the occurrence of these adverbs in the subset of Spanish L1 speakers from Mexico and Spain. Really, actually and obviously were found to display a distinctive frequency of use across different proficiency levels and the different speaking tasks analysed. Dialogic tasks favoured a more frequent use of really and actually, while obviously was hardly used. Qualitative analyses of the pragmatic functions of really and actually revealed that there is an increase in the use of meanings to express hedging in really and factualness in actually across the proficiency levels. Our research confirms the finding in Gablasova et al. (2017) that the type of speaking task conditions speakers’ repertoire of linguistic devices, although we argue that this conditioning operates on different levels.
Drug-selective Anesthetic Insensitivity of Zebrafish Lacking γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor β3 Subunits
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Jounaidi Youssef , Mukherjee Kusumika , Fantasia Ryan J. , Liao Eric C. , Yu Buwei , Forman Stuart A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Transgenic mouse studies suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors containing β3 subunits mediate important effects of etomidate, propofol, and pentobarbital. Zebrafish, recently introduced for rapid discovery and characterization of sedative-hypnotics, could also accelerate pharmacogenetic studies if their transgenic phenotypes reflect those of mammals. The authors hypothesized that, relative to wild-type, GABAA-β3 functional knock-out (β3-/-) zebrafish would show anesthetic sensitivity changes similar to those of β3-/- mice.

Methods
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 mutagenesis was used to create a β3-/- zebrafish line. Wild-type and β3-/- zebrafish were compared for fertility, growth, and craniofacial development. Sedative and hypnotic effects of etomidate, propofol, pentobarbital, alphaxalone, ketamine, tricaine, dexmedetomidine, butanol, and ethanol, along with overall activity and thigmotaxis were quantified in 7-day postfertilization larvae using video motion analysis of up to 96 animals simultaneously.

Results

Xenopus oocyte electrophysiology showed that the wild-type zebrafish β3 gene encodes ion channels activated by propofol and etomidate, while the β3-/- zebrafish transgene does not. Compared to wild-type, β3-/- zebrafish showed similar morphology and growth, but more rapid swimming. Hypnotic EC50s (mean [95% CI]) were significantly higher for β3-/-
versus wild-type larvae with etomidate (1.3 [1.0 to 1.6] vs. 0.6 [0.5 to 0.7] µM; P < 0.0001), propofol (1.1 [1.0 to 1.4] vs. 0.7 [0.6 to 0.8] µM; P = 0.0005), and pentobarbital (220 [190 to 240] vs. 130 [94 to 179] μM; P = 0.0009), but lower with ethanol (150 [106 to 213] vs. 380 [340 to 420] mM; P < 0.0001) and equivalent with other tested drugs. Comparing β3-/-
versus wild-type sedative EC50s revealed a pattern similar to hypnosis.

Conclusions
Global β3-/- zebrafish are selectively insensitive to the same few sedative-hypnotics previously reported in β3 transgenic mice, indicating phylogenetic conservation of β3-containing GABAA receptors as anesthetic targets. Transgenic zebrafish are potentially valuable models for sedative-hypnotic mechanisms research.
Ecological momentary assessment of HIV versus reproductive health symptoms in women of differing reproductive stages living with HIV
Authors: Schnall Rebecca , Liu Jianfang , Reame Nancy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To what extent menopause is related to symptom burden in women living with HIV (WLWH) is unclear, as a specific reproductive health analysis has seldom been undertaken, in part due to an inadequate assessment of reproductive status. The purpose of this study was to document and compare symptom frequency and attribution over 46 days and examine differences by reproductive status with a sample of 75 WLWH.

Methods:
We conducted an ecological momentary assessment using text messaging to follow 75 women confirmed for menopause stage with hormone profiles for 46 days. Participants were asked to respond to the following open-ended questions via a text message 3× weekly: (1) Did you have your period today? (Yes/No) (2) What were your top three menstrual/menopausal symptoms today? (3) What were your top three HIV-related symptoms today?

Results:
A total of 73 women (mean± SD age = 51 ± 8 y, range= 24-67 y) completed the study (10 pre-, 20 peri-, and 43 postmenopause). The majority of volunteers were black non-Hispanic (74%), nonsmokers (61%), with some high school (68%) and reporting <$20,000 annual income. After controlling for cofactors, HIV symptom profiles differed by menopause stage: postmenopause predicted more fatigue, muscle aches and pains, nausea/vomiting, and diarrhea (vs peri- or premenopause). HIV-related depression was predicted by the peristage. For reproductive symptoms, women endorsed fatigue (58%), hot flashes (52%), depression (49%), and muscle aches and pains (44%) as most common, but of these, only muscle aches and pains demonstrated group differences in period prevalence (post = 35%; peri = 45%; pre = 80%, P= 0.03) Surprisingly, hot flash frequency was similar, but fever/chills/sweats varied across menopause stage (period prevalence: post=42%; peri=15%; pre=0%, P=0.01). Reporting “a period today” predicted the profile of reproductive symptoms, but was not related to HIV symptoms.

Conclusions:
Although fatigue, muscle aches/pains and depression are perceived as common attributes of both HIV infection and reproductive status in WLWH, they distinguish condition-specific symptom profiles that are dependent on menopause stage.
A Rare Pediatric Case of Lacrimal Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Bryant Justin R. , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Manrique Monica , Keating Robert F. , Nik Narieman A. , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: September 2019

Summary:
Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland is a rare benign finding in adults, and extremely uncommon in children. These tumors often present with increased propotosis or hypoglobus, and they invariably require operative excision. While many of these lesions can be removed through a subcranial or transorbital exposure, larger and more posterior tumors occasionally necessitate an intracranial approach. This report describes a large lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma in a 16 year-old patient that required use of an expansive intracranial exposure to ensure complete excision including the capsule. We contrast this case and its management to other pediatric cases described in the literature.
The international profile of the firm
Authors: Botero-Pinzón Luz-Dary , Casillas Jose C. , Valencia-Cárdenas Marisol 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a system for measuring the level of internationalisation of companies in the field of developing countries, through latent variables based on multiple indicators, external and internal orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
From a sample of 112 international companies in Colombia, the methodology of latent variable analysis (LPA) is applied to a series of complementary tools, such as a model of structural equations, regression models and cluster analysis of companies.

Findings
The paper allows to verify the identification of six latent variables and their relationships, as well as to identify four levels of internationalisation from the structure of latent variables identified.

Originality/value
This is the first application of this recent and sophisticated statistical technique to the field of measuring the level of business internationalisation, especially indicated in the Latin American area, where an increasing number of companies are advancing in their process of international expansion.