bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Short-term Complication Rates Between Cephalomedullary Hip Screw Devices and Sliding Hip Screws: An Analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Pandarinath Rajeev , Amdur Richard , DeBritz James N. , Rao Raj D. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
The literature pertaining to the management of intertrochanteric hip fractures using cephalomedullary hip screws (CMHSs) and sliding hip screws (SHSs) has shown varying results. CMHS use has increased over time without validation of its superiority in the literature.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who had sustained a peritrochanteric hip fracture were identified. Short-term (<30 day) complications were identified with adjustments made for preoperative comorbidities. We also examined the relative percentages of CMHS and SHS surgeries over time.

Results:
A total of 14,415 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Patients undergoing SHS surgery were generally healthier, having a lower American College of Surgeon class, preoperative bleeding, hypertension, pulmonary risk factors, congestive heart failure, and higher preoperative hematocrit. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, we noted a higher rate of 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19; P = 0.024), bleeding (OR = 1.10; P = 0.007), pulmonary complications (OR = 1.19; P = 0.049), and clotting events (OR = 1.35; P = 0.035) in the CMHS group. We observed a higher rate of urinary tract infection (OR = 0.81; P = 0.023) and length of stay (1.0 days; P < 0.0001) in the SHS group. The overall percentage of SHS cases was 33% and trended lower over time.

Conclusions:
Although differences in complication subtypes and the overall complication rate were found, further multicenter, randomized controlled trials would be helpful in elucidating differences between the treatment groups. The popularity of the CMHS continues to increase over time.
Optimal Management of Tethered Surgical Drains: A Cadaver Study
Authors: Laratta Joseph L. , Lombardi Joseph M. , Shillingford Jamal N. , Grosso Matthew J. , Lehman Ronald A. , Lenke Lawrence G. , Levine William N. , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Tethered drains are a complication of drain usage and may result in unintentional retained broken drains, as well as anxiety and uncertainty for the surgeon and the patient. To date, no study has examined the optimal approach for management and removal of tethered drains.

Methods:
The study design sought to identify suture size, mechanism of drain fixation (through versus around), points of constriction (one versus multiple) and the efficacy of weighted traction as potential sources of tethered drains by means of four study arms. (1) Arm one compared drains sutured through the tubing versus a tight closure of the surrounding fascia, which were then subjected to weighted suspension. (2) Arm two compared drains sutured into the fascia using eight each of 4–0, 2–0 and 0 vicryl and then subject to manual traction. (3) Arm three compared drains sutured to the fascia through the tubing versus local tissue incarceration followed by manual traction. (4) Lastly, group four examined drains tethered at two distinct points after which they were subject to manual traction.

Results:
Our results showed a 25% drain retention rate when manual traction was applied to 0 vicryl and 2–0 vicryl suture. In contrast, there were no instances of drain retention when suture was closed with 4–0 vicryl. When evaluating for multiple points of fixation, drains tethered in two locations were retained in 87.5% of trials versus drains with a single tether point (25%) representing a statistical significance (P = 0.041). There was no difference in rates of drain retention when pierced through the tubing versus incarcerated in local fascia. Only one of the 16 drains was successfully removed by weighted suspension (8.3%). Attempts at manual traction following weighted suspension resulted in a 50% drain retention rate which was higher than the rates of immediate manual traction (18.8%).

Conclusion:
Our results found that manual traction is a reasonable first line approach to address drains tethered by all methods and suture sizes. The use of weighted traction for the management of tethered drains is less effective than manual traction and may result in more retained drain fragments.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
A Compatibility Guide for the Orthopaedic Surgeon Planning to Perform Hardware Removal Surgery
Authors: Riedel Matthew D. , Cronin Patrick K. , Kaiser Philip B. , Kwon John Y. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Removal of previously placed orthopaedic implants is a commonly performed procedure worldwide. Given the diversity of orthopaedic implant manufacturers, surgeons may be uncertain whether they have the appropriate screwdriver on site. The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility of screw head and size configurations from various orthopaedic manufacturers with two commonly used universal screw removal sets.

Methods:
Inclusion of orthopaedic implant manufacturers was determined by market share based on industry-monitoring financial firms. Screw size and drive type for the top grossing orthopaedic implant manufacturers were collected and recorded. Screw and screwdriver compatibility was assessed and compared with two commonly used universal screw removal sets.

Results:
In total, six orthopaedic implant companies with commonly implanted screws throughout the appendicular skeleton were included. The data were compiled in table format with noncannulated, cannulated, and locking screw offerings separated by the screw size and manufacturer. Guidewire size compatibility for cannulated offerings was also assessed.

Conclusions:
Given the ubiquity of implanted orthopaedic implant, removal must be as safe, planned, and controlled as possible. The data in this article provide an inclusive, centralized resource for surgeons looking to confirm the compatibility of previously implanted screws and available removal equipment at their institution.
C5 Motor Palsy After Single- and Multi-level Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Wagner Scott C. , Sebastian Arjun S. , Butler Joseph S. , Kaye Ian D. , Morrissey Patrick B. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Kepler Christopher K. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
Postoperative C5 nerve root palsy is a known complication after cervical surgery. The effect of increasing number of levels fused on the prevalence of C5 palsy after anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) is unclear.

Methods:
Medical records of ACDF patients that included the C4-5 level at one institution were retrospectively reviewed. C5 palsy was defined as motor decline of the deltoid and/or biceps brachii muscle function by at least 1 level on standard manual muscle testing.

Results:
A total of 196 patients met the inclusion criteria, with no significant differences noted between groups undergoing single- or multi-level ACDF. The overall C5 palsy rate was 5.1%. Palsy rates were not statistically significant based on the number of levels fused. Six of the 10 patients with C5 palsy had complete recovery of motor strength, whereas 2 patients had at least some level of strength recovery.

Conclusion:
The overall C5 palsy rate was 5.1% for all patients undergoing up to four-level ACDF. The rate of postoperative motor decline was lowest in the patients undergoing two-level ACDF and highest in the single-level group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance. The prognosis for strength recovery by final follow-up is excellent.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, Case-control
Een leven zonder legitieme? Erfrecht in Engeland en Wales
Authors: Beuker M.R. 
Published: September 2018

Een leven zonder legitieme? Erfrecht in Engeland en Wales
In het intestaaterfrecht van Engeland en Wales heeft de langstlevende echtgenoot een sterke positie. Ook biedt het erfrecht er bescherming aan een gespecificeerde groep nabestaanden indien zij onvoldoende beschermd achterblijven op grond van intestaaterfrecht of testament. De Inheritance Act 1975 verschaft de rechter namelijk een discretionaire bevoegdheid om voorzieningen te treffen indien geen reasonable financial provision voor deze personen aanwezig is. Deze discretionaire benadering is flexibeler dan de Nederlandse legitieme portie, maar de rechtszekerheid vereist wel dat rechters aangeven welke factoren voor hen van doorslaggevend belang waren om tot een bepaald oordeel te komen.
Einblicke in das italienische Erbrecht – allgemeine Grundsätze, Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht
Authors: Christandl Gregor , Dallago Maximilian 
Published: September 2018

Einblicke in das italienische Erbrecht – allgemeine Grundsätze, Ehegattenerbrecht und Pflichtteilsrecht
Der vorliegende Beitrag führt in die Grundprinzipien des italienischen Erbrechts ein und vertieft vor allem die Aspekte des Ehegattenerbrechts und des Pflichtteilsrechts. Es zeigt sich damit ein insgesamt reformbedürftiges Erbrecht, das geprägt von Verboten und Beschränkungen der Testierfreiheit nur wenig Spielraum lässt.
Wind-driven spume droplet production and the transport ofPseudomonas syringaefrom aquatic environments
Authors: Pietsch Renee B. , Grothe Hinrich , Hanlon Regina , Powers Craig W. , Jung Sunghwan , Ross Shane D. , Schmale III David G. 
Published: September 2018

Natural aquatic environments such as oceans, lakes, and rivers are home to a tremendous diversity of microorganisms. Some may cross the air-water interface within droplets and become airborne, with the potential to impact the Earth’s radiation budget, precipitation processes, and spread of disease. Larger droplets are likely to return to the water or adjacent land, but smaller droplets may be suspended in the atmosphere for transport over long distances. Here, we report on a series of controlled laboratory experiments to quantify wind-driven droplet production from a freshwater source for low wind speeds. The rate of droplet production increased quadratically with wind speed above a critical value (10-m equivalent 5.7 m/s) where droplet production initiated. Droplet diameter and ejection speeds were fit by a gamma distribution. The droplet mass flux and momentum flux increased with wind speed. Two mechanisms of droplet production, bubble bursting and fragmentation, yielded different distributions for diameter, speed, and angle. At a wind speed of about 3.5 m/s, aqueous suspensions of the ice-nucleating bacteriumPseudomonas syringaewere collected at rates of 283 cells m−2 s−1at 5 cm above the water surface, and at 14 cells m−2 s−1at 10 cm above the water surface. At a wind speed of about 4.0 m/s, aqueous suspensions ofP. syringaewere collected at rates of 509 cells m−2 s−1at 5 cm above the water surface, and at 81 cells m−2 s−1at 10 cm above the water surface. The potential for microbial flux into the atmosphere from aquatic environments was calculated using known concentrations of bacteria in natural freshwater systems. Up to 3.1 × 104 cells m−2 s−1of water surface were estimated to leave the water in potentially suspended droplets (diameters <100 µm). Understanding the sources and mechanisms for bacteria to aerosolize from freshwater aquatic sources may aid in designing management strategies for pathogenic bacteria, and could shed light on how bacteria are involved in mesoscale atmospheric processes.
Tumor-preventing activity of aspirin in multiple cancers based on bioinformatic analyses
Authors: Li Diangeng , Wang Peng , Yu Yi , Huang Bing , Zhang Xuelin , Xu Chou , Zhao Xian , Yin Zhiwei , He Zheng , Jin Meiling , Liu Changting 
Published: September 2018

Background
Acetylsalicylic acid was renamed aspirin in 1899, and it has been widely used for its multiple biological actions. Because of the diversity of the cellular processes and diseases that aspirin reportedly affects and benefits, uncertainty remains regarding its mechanism in different biological systems.

Methods
The Drugbank and STITCH databases were used to find direct protein targets (DPTs) of aspirin. The Mentha database was used to analyze protein–protein interactions (PPIs) to find DPT-associated genes. DAVID was used for the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The cBio Cancer Genomics Portal database was used to mine genetic alterations and networks of aspirin-associated genes in cancer.

Results
Eighteen direct protein targets (DPT) and 961 DPT-associated genes were identified for aspirin. This enrichment analysis resulted in eight identified KEGG pathways that were associated with cancers. Analysis using the cBio portal indicated that aspirin might have effects on multiple tumor suppressors, such as TP53, PTEN, and RB1 and that TP53 might play a central role in aspirin-associated genes.

Discussion
The results not only suggest that aspirin might have anti-tumor actions against multiple cancers but could also provide new directions for further research on aspirin using a bioinformatics analysis approach.
Academic Physician and Trainee Occupational Well-Being by Sexual and Gender Minority Status
Authors: Streed Carl G. , Navarra May , Halem Jessica , Stewart Miriam T. , Rowe Susannah G. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceFew studies have explored the association between sexual and gender minority (SGM) status and occupational well-being among health care workers.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of burnout, professional fulfillment, intent to leave, anxiety, and depression by self-reported SGM status.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional survey study collected data from October 2019 to July 2021, from 8 academic medical institutions participating in the Healthcare Professional Well-Being Academic Consortium. The survey, including questions on SGM status, was administered to attending physicians and trainees. Statistical analyses were performed from June 1, 2023, to February 29, 2024.ExposureSGM status was determined via self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes measured were the Professional Fulfillment Index (burnout and professional fulfillment), intent to leave, and self-reported anxiety and depression using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short-form 4-item measure.ResultsOf 20 541 attendings and 6900 trainees, 8376 attendings and 2564 trainees responded and provided SGM status. Of these respondents, 386 attendings (4.6%) and 212 trainees (8.3%) identified as SGM. Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM attendings had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (133 of 386 [34.5%] vs 3200 of 7922 [40.4%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (181 of 382 [47.4%] vs 2791 of 7883 [35.4%]) and intent to leave (125 of 376 [33.2%] vs 2433 of 7873 [30.9%]) (all P &amp;lt; .001). Compared with their non-SGM peers, SGM trainees had a lower prevalence of professional fulfillment (63 of 211 [29.9%] vs 833 of 2333 [35.7%]) and a higher prevalence of burnout (108 of 211 [51.2%] vs 954 of 2332 [40.9%]) (both P &amp;lt; .001). After adjusting for age and race and ethnicity, SGM attendings had higher odds of burnout than their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.27-1.94]; P &amp;lt; .001). Results for burnout were similar among the SGM trainees compared with their non-SGM peers (adjusted odds ratio, 1.47 [1.10-1.96]; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional survey study of academic physicians and trainees, SGM attendings and trainees had higher levels of burnout and lower levels of professional fulfillment. SGM attendings had greater intent to leave than their non-SGM peers, but trainees did not. These disparities represent an opportunity for further exploration to retain SGM health care workers.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression
Authors: Zhou Dongsheng , Li Xingxing , Wei Shuochi , Yu Chang , Wang Dongmei , Li Yuchen , Li Jiaxin , Liu Junyao , Li Shen , Zhuang Wenhao , Li Yanli , Luo Ruichenxi , Liu Zhiwang , Liu Jimeng , Xu Yongming , Fan Jialin , Zhu Guidong , Xu Weiqian , Tang Yiping , Cho Raymond Y. , Kosten Thomas R. , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are both recognized as effective treatments for depression when applied individually. However, it is unknown whether rTMS combined with tDCS has better efficacy in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of rTMS, tDCS, tDCS + rTMS, and sham tDCS + sham rTMS after 2 weeks of treatment in patients with MDD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted from November 2021 to April 2023 at 3 hospitals in China (Kangning Hospital affiliated with Ningbo University, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, and Taizhou Second People’s Hospital). Adult patients (aged 18-65 years) who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 interventions: active tDCS + active rTMS, sham tDCS + active rTMS, active tDCS + sham rTMS, and sham tDCS + sham rTMS. Data analysis followed an intention-to-treat approach.InterventionPatients received a 2-week course of treatment. The tDCS was administered using a 2-mA direct current stimulator with electrodes placed on the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Each tDCS session lasted 20 minutes and was conducted 30 to 60 minutes prior to the rTMS session for a total of 10 sessions. The rTMS was delivered at a frequency of 10 Hz using a figure-8 coil placed on the left DLPFC, with each session consisting of 1600 pulses. Treatments were administered 5 times per week for 2 weeks. Sham treatments were performed with a pseudostimulation coil and emitted only sound.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the change in total score from baseline to week 2 on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-24; score range: 0-52, with the highest score indicating more severe symptoms).ResultsA total of 240 participants (139 females [57.9%]; mean [SD] age, 32.50 [15.18] years) were included. As a primary outcome, patients who received active tDCS + active rTMS showed a significantly greater reduction in mean (SD) HDRS-24 total scores compared with patients in the other 3 groups (active tDCS + active rTMS: 18.33 [5.39], sham tDCS + active rTMS: 14.86 [5.59], active tDCS + sham rTMS: 9.21 [4.61], and sham tDCS + sham rTMS: 10.77 [5.67]; F3,236 = 35.79; η2 = 0.31 [95% CI, 0.21-0.39]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThis trial found that tDCS + rTMS was a more effective and safe treatment option than either the tDCS or rTMS intervention alone for patients with MDD.Trial RegistrationChina Clinical Trial Registry Identifier ChiCTR2100052122.
Handling Domain Drift and Unknown Fault Detection in Rotating Machinery Using Few‐Shot Learning With Data Scaling
Authors: Lin Yung‐Min , Kang Jia‐Lin , Yao Yuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article presents a novel approach for fault diagnosis in rotating machinery using the few‐shot learning‐based unknown recognition and classification (FSLB‐UR&C) model. The core contribution of this research lies in addressing the challenges of domain drift, unknown fault detection, and uneven sampling intervals. The model effectively incorporates data scaling using Min–Max scaling to manage vibration data drift without altering the source data distribution, significantly extending the classification range. Principal component analysis visualizations substantiate the superior performance of Min–Max scaling over standard methods in processing drifted data, thus enhancing model accuracy. We validated the model on an in‐house bearing simulator and a coal conveyor motor, demonstrating its enhanced ability to classify drifted data and identify previously unknown faults. Additionally, time interpolation was applied to handle irregular sampling intervals, further optimizing the framework's robustness. Compared to other deep learning techniques, the FSLB‐UR&C model with data scaling exhibits markedly improved performance.
A Strong and Tough Ion‐gel Enabled by Hierarchical Meshing and Ion Hybridizations Collaboration
Authors: Peng Wenxuan , Zhao Jiamin , Li Qiuxian , Sun Yue , Du Guoli , Tang Fangyuan , Liu Yongfei , Hu Qingdi , Li Xusheng , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIon‐gels, with inherent flexibility, tunable conductivity, and multi‐stimulus response, have attracted significant attention in flexible/wearable electronics. However, the design of ion‐gels that exhibit both strength and toughness is challenging. In this study, a novel ion‐gel design is proposed that mimics the hierarchical meshing structure of leaves in combination with ion hybridization. Polyacrylamide (PAM) is incorporated in TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNFs) clusters by in situ polymerization, generating a hydrogel with micro/nanoscale entangled networks. Replacement of water by a metal halide ionic liquid ([BMIm]ZnxCly) in the hydrogel resulted in the formation of an ion hybrid network with supramolecular interactions. The integration of the PAM/TOCNF polymer network with [BMIm]ZnxCly resulted in ion‐gels with high strength (5.9 MPa), toughness (22 MJ m−3), and enhanced elastic modulus (30 MPa) combined with non‐flammability, heat and cold resistance. While having fast responsiveness (36 ms) of sensing signal and stability of power supply even at 4000 cycle collisions. Stable signal output even at high (200 °C) /sub‐zero temperatures. The proposed strategy offers a new approach to the material design of flexible/wearable electronics.
Fibrous Pb(II)‐Based Coordination Polymer Operable as a Photocatalyst and Electrocatalyst for High‐Rate, Selective CO2‐to‐Formate Conversion
Authors: Suppaso Chomponoot , Nakazato Ryosuke , Nakahata Shoko , Kamakura Yoshinobu , Ishiwari Fumitaka , Saeki Akinori , Tanaka Daisuke , Kamiya Kazuhide , Maeda Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA nonporous [Pb(tadt)]n (tadt = 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2,5‐dithiolate) coordination polymer, KGF‐9, with a 2D infinite (−Pb−S−)n structure has been previously reported as a precious‐metal‐free photocatalyst for selective CO2‐to‐formate conversion under visible light. In the present work, a microwave (MW)‐assisted solvothermal reaction is used to synthesize KGF‐9 with improved physicochemical properties and catalytic activity. Compared with KGF‐9 prepared by the previously reported methods, that prepared by the new synthesis route exhibited a greater specific surface area, greater crystallinity, and greater photoconductivity. These improved properties led to a drastic increase of the apparent quantum yield (AQY) for selective formate production, from 2.6 to 25% at 400 nm; this AQY represents a record‐high value among reported heterogeneous photocatalysts for CO2‐to‐formate conversion. Interestingly, the AQY for formate production is unchanged irrespective of the light intensity (0.04–14 mW cm−2), indicating little contribution of charge accumulation in the bulk during the reaction (i.e., indicating efficient charge transport to surface reactants). When composited with Ketjen Black, KGF‐9 enabled the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formate in aqueous solution while maintaining a high selectivity. A high‐rate reduction of CO2 to formate with a total absolute current density of 200–300 mA cm−2 is achieved, with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of >90%.