bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence risk assessment practices in Israel: a preliminary survey investigation
Authors: Singh Jay P. , Assy Rabeea , Serpa Katrina I. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the violence risk assessment practices in Israel by social workers, clinical criminologists, and marriage and family therapists using a Web-based survey.

Design/methodology/approach
A Web-based survey and participation letter were translated into Hebrew and distributed to members of the Israel Association of Social Workers, the Israel Society of Clinical Criminology and the Israel Association for Marital and Family Therapy following the Dillman Total Design Survey Method.

Findings
The sample was composed of 34 professionals, who reported using structured instruments to predict and manage the likelihood of violence in over half of their risk assessments over both their lifetime and the past 12 months. Younger female respondents who entered their profession more recently were more likely to use instruments during the risk assessment process. There appeared to be a trend toward decreased use of actuarial instruments and increased use in structured professional judgment instruments.

Originality/value
The first national survey of violence risk assessment practices by behavioral healthcare professionals in Israel was conducted. This study revealed the risk assessment utility trends in Israel, finding that compared to professionals in North America, South America, Europe, East Asia and Australia, professionals in Israel conducted fewer risk assessments and used structured instruments less often, highlighting concern about the lack of reliance on evidence-based techniques in the country.
Does FDI crowd out domestic firms? Micro-level evidence from the Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Hyelin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the foreign investment on the exit and sales of the domestic firms. Furthermore, it studies whether domestic firms undergo different influences by foreign firms according to the size of domestic firms.

Design/methodology/approach
Korean firm-level data for the period of 2006 through 2013 provided by Statistics Korea are used to study the impact of the foreign investment on the exit and sales of the domestic firms.

Findings
The result shows that foreign firms crowd out small firms from the market and take their shares in the domestic market. On the other hand, larger firms rather enjoy positive spillover effect from foreign firms, reducing its exit probability and increasing sales. It may be that large firms have enough competitiveness and ability to learn and apply the advanced technology of the foreign firms.

Practical implications
Despite the strong belief on the positive impacts of the foreign firms such as knowledge spillovers or job creation, there might be crowding-out or market-stealing effect from the presence of foreign firms. If the latter effect is larger than positive effect, the incentives provided by host country government to the multinational firms cannot be justified. In this regard, the question addressed in this paper is very important.

Originality/value
While most of previous papers have focused on the impacts of the foreign firms on productivity of the domestic firms, this paper deals with their impacts on the exit and sales of the domestic firms in order to examine more direct crowding-out and market-stealing effect of foreign firms.
On the adoption of additive manufacturing in healthcare: a literature review
Authors: Ramola Mukul , Yadav Vinod , Jain Rakesh 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss different 3D printing techniques and also illustrate the issues related to 3D printing and cost-effectiveness in the near future.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review methodology is adopted for this review paper. 3D printing is in the initial phase of implementation in healthcare; therefore, a study of 70 research papers is done, which discusses the research trends of 3D printing in healthcare sector from 2007 to mid-2018.FindingsThough additive manufacturing has a vast application, it has not been used to its full potential. Therefore, more research is required in that direction. It is revealed from the review that only a few researchers have explored issues related to cost, which can clearly show cost-effectiveness of adopting 3D printing.Originality/valueThis paper helps in understanding the different 3D printing techniques and their application in the healthcare. It also proposed some methods which can be applied in delivering customized pharmaceuticals to the customer and to improve surgery.
Zebra diel migrations reduce encounter risk with lions at night
Authors: Courbin Nicolas , Loveridge Andrew J. , Fritz Hervé , Macdonald David W. , Patin Rémi , Valeix Marion , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiel migrations (DM; back and forth diel movements along an ecological gradient) undertaken by prey to avoid predators during the day have been demonstrated in many taxa in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems, prey often shift between various vegetation types whose cover determine their vulnerability (i.e., likelihood of being killed when attacked).We conceptualized that in terrestrial ecosystems,DMcould also occur and that the contribution ofDMand shifts in vegetation cover use in reducing predation risk should depend upon the predator behaviour and the correlation between encounter risk and vulnerability across vegetation types. We further hypothesized that when the predator distribution is predictable, terrestrial prey could have evolvedDMstrategies taking them away from the predator when it is active or efficient.We investigated whether plains zebrasEquus quaggaperformDMin Hwange National Park (Zimbabwe). There, zebras can forage in large patches of open grasslands located near waterholes where they can also easily detect predators. However, they are there at high risk of encountering their main predator, lionsPanthera leo, especially at night.We found out that zebras employ aDManti‐predator strategy. Zebras forage near waterholes during the day but move away from them at sunset, when lions become active. We demonstrated that thisDM, occurring over a few kilometres, dramatically reduces their night‐time risk of encountering lions, which generally remain close to waterholes. Zebra changes in night‐time selection for vegetation cover types reduced their risk of encountering lions much less. This may arise from a trade‐off between encounter risk and vulnerability across vegetation types, with zebras favouring low vulnerability onceDMhas reduced encounter risk.In summary, here we (a) quantify, in a terrestrial system, the effect of a predator‐inducedDMon the likelihood of encountering a predator and (b) distinguish the effects of theDMon encounter risk from those related to day/night changes in selection for vegetation types. We discuss how prey partition their risk between encounter risk and habitat‐driven vulnerability and why it is likely critical to understand the emergence of anti‐predator behavioural strategies.
Pentecostal pastorhood as calling and career: migration, religion, and masculinity between Kenya and the United Kingdom
Authors: Fesenmyer Leslie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores the intertwining of migration and religion in the lives of migrant men who were born in Kenya and have become Pentecostal pastors in London. Drawing on the spiritual careers of several pastors, I suggest that pastorhood be understood as a gendered means of social mobility. As pastors, these men attain a status that is socially and culturally intelligible in London and Kenya. At the same time, given that status is contingent upon recognition, the article also examines how pastorhood helps them navigate the challenges and inconsistencies of their lived experiences, such as a competitive religious marketplace and hostility in London, and the high expectations of those in Kenya. Rather than viewing religion as compensatory, I argue that Pentecostalism offers a ‘site of action’, to use Ruth Marshall's phrase, in which they can (re)make themselves as ‘new’ men and (re)position themselves vis‐à‐vis the multiple social worlds they inhabit.
William Weston: early voyager to the New World*
Authors: Condon Margaret M. , Jones Evan T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Bristol merchant William Weston was the first known Englishman to lead an expedition to North America. Analysis of two important document finds suggests that Weston was an early supporter of the Venetian explorer John Cabot. A monetary reward demonstrates Henry VII's satisfaction with the outcome of Weston's voyage of c.1499 and the king's continuing commitment to transatlantic discovery after Cabot's presumed disappearance. Weston's career is examined in detail to throw light on the nature and motivation of England's earliest Atlantic explorers.
Replacement of microglia in the aged brain reverses cognitive, synaptic, and neuronal deficits in mice
Authors: Elmore Monica R. P. , Hohsfield Lindsay A. , Kramár Enikö A. , Soreq Lilach , Lee Rafael J. , Pham Stephanie T. , Najafi Allison R. , Spangenberg Elizabeth E. , Wood Marcelo A. , West Brian L. , Green Kim N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroglia, the resident immune cell of the brain, can be eliminated via pharmacological inhibition of the colony‐stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Withdrawal of CSF1R inhibition then stimulates microglial repopulation, effectively replacing the microglial compartment. In the aged brain, microglia take on a “primed” phenotype and studies indicate that this coincides with age‐related cognitive decline. Here, we investigated the effects of replacing the aged microglial compartment with new microglia using CSF1R inhibitor‐induced microglial repopulation. With 28 days of repopulation, replacement of resident microglia in aged mice (24 months) improved spatial memory and restored physical microglial tissue characteristics (cell densities and morphologies) to those found in young adult animals (4 months). However, inflammation‐related gene expression was not broadly altered with repopulation nor the response to immune challenges. Instead, microglial repopulation resulted in a reversal of age‐related changes in neuronal gene expression, including expression of genes associated with actin cytoskeleton remodeling and synaptogenesis. Age‐related changes in hippocampal neuronal complexity were reversed with both microglial elimination and repopulation, while microglial elimination increased both neurogenesis and dendritic spine densities. These changes were accompanied by a full rescue of age‐induced deficits in long‐term potentiation with microglial repopulation. Thus, several key aspects of the aged brain can be reversed by acute noninvasive replacement of microglia.
A developmental cascade model for early adolescent‐onset substance use: the role of early childhood stress
Authors: Otten Roy , Mun Chung Jung , Shaw Daniel S. , Wilson Melvin N. , Dishion Thomas J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgrounds and aimsDespite the link between stress and addictive behavior in adulthood, little is known about how early life stress in families predicts the early emergence of substance use in adolescence. This study tested a developmental cascade model, proposing that early stressful life events and negative parent–child interaction covary, and both disrupt the refinement of inhibitory control, which evolves into problem behavior in middle/late childhood and subsequent substance use exploration in early adolescence.MethodsData came from the Early Steps Multisite study, a community sample of at‐risk families in the metropolitan US areas of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania), Eugene (Oregon) and Charlottesville (Virginia) with children aged 2 years at the start of the study and 14 years at the last measurement (n = 364). Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model.ResultsEarly stressful life events and negative parent–child interaction assessed at ages 2–5 were negatively related to inhibitory control at ages 7 and 8. Low levels of inhibitory control were prognostic of childhood problem behavior at ages 9 and 10. Finally, late childhood problem behavior was associated with substance use at age 14. Parental drug use was directly related to substance use at age 14.ConclusionsEarly life stress may disrupt child inhibitory control, which can cascade into behavioral and peer problem behavior in childhood and, in turn, heighten the risk for early adolescent substance use.
Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours in the post‐menopausal population
Authors: Robertson Jessica A. , Sanday Karen , Nicklin James 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundMalignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT) are uncommon in the general population and very rare in post‐menopausal women.AimsTo evaluate the demographics, treatment and survival of post‐menopausal women with MOGCT treated at the Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC) and compare these with pre‐menopausal women.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed of the QCGC database from January 1981 to February 2017. The disease course of post‐menopausal women was compared with pre‐menopausal women affected by MOGCT over the same period and compared with the world literature.ResultsThere were six post‐menopausal women with MOGCT treated at the QCGC compared with 166 pre‐menopausal women. In the post‐menopausal group of women, there was no mortality directly attributed to germ cell ovarian disease compared with 10 (6.0%) women in the pre‐menopausal group.ConclusionsMalignant ovarian germ cell tumours are a very rare condition in post‐menopausal women. Despite some suggestion in the world literature that survival outcomes are worse in this population, this was not found in our study.
Newly proposed electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in a Chinese population
Authors: Shao Qingmiao , Meng Lei , Tse Gary , Sawant Abhishek C. , Zhuo Yi Chan Calista , Bazoukis George , Baranchuk Adrian , Li Guangping , Liu Tong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe electrocardiographic criteria currently available for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are low in sensitivity. Thus, we compared the diagnostic performance of newly proposed electrocardiographic criteria to the existing criteria in a Chinese population.MethodsA total of 235 consecutive hypertensive patients, hospitalized in our department between May 2017 and April 2018, were included. They were divided into two groups based on the gold standard echocardiogram: those with (n = 116) and without LVH (n = 119). The newly proposed ECG criteria were calculated by summating the amplitude of the deepest S wave (SD) in any single lead and the S‐wave amplitude of lead V4 (SV4). The area under the curve was calculated and compared against the sex‐specific Cornell limb lead and Sokolow–Lyon criteria.ResultsECG analysis of the cohort showed that the newly proposed criteria had the highest sensitivity in diagnosing LVH (male: 65.5%; female: 81%), followed by the Cornell limb lead criteria (male: 55.2%; female: 56.9%). The specificities of both sets of criteria were higher than 70%, with no significant differences between them. Receiver operator curve analysis showed an optimal cutoff of ≥2.1 mV for females (AUC: 0.832; 95% CI: 0.757–0.906) and ≥2.6 mV for males (AUC: 0.772; 95% CI: 0.687–0.856).ConclusionThe newly proposed SD + SV4 criteria provide an improved sensitivity for the ECG diagnosis of LVH compared to existing criteria, but its routine use will require further validation in larger populations.
The impact of blind peer review (team reading) of equivocal/abnormal Papanicolaou smears on inter‐reader agreement
Authors: Placidi Antonio , Giorgi Rossi Paolo 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivePeer review of equivocal/abnormal Papanicolaou smears is a standard internal quality assurance measure in cervical cancer screening laboratories. In 2014, we introduced a new method for peer review involving blinding the identity of the first reader. We present the comparison of different measures of inter‐reader agreement in 2013 and 2014 in order to measure the impact of blind peer review on possible cognitive biases in reading.MethodsAll suspect slides are proposed for peer review; a single reader's peer reviews are registered independently, with discordant cases discussed for consensus diagnosis. Since 2014, the first reader's name has been blinded to peers. We computed how frequently the initial diagnosis was changed, and how frequently a single reader influenced the final diagnosis when the initial one was changed. We compared κ of the first reader and that of other readers with final diagnosis. Data from 2013 were compared to those of 2014.ResultsThe final diagnosis changed in 22.9% of cases (range 16.8%‐34.4%) in 2013 and in 26.8% (range 13.9%‐35.6%) in 2014 (P = .2). Individual peer diagnoses agreed with final diagnosis in 52.3% (range 41.9%‐66.3%) in 2013 and in 50.2% (range 36.0%‐65.8%) in 2014 (P = .55). The cytologist having the highest proportion of confirmed diagnoses was also the most influential on final diagnosis, both in 2013 and in 2014. Agreement between first reader and final diagnosis was higher than that of each reader in 2013 and in 2014.ConclusionsBlinding the identity of the first reader had little or no impact on inter‐reader agreement measures in our laboratory.
Behavioural interventions to treat drooling in children with neurodisability: a systematic review
Authors: McInerney Michelle S , Reddihough Dinah S , Carding Paul N , Swanton Ruth , Walton Chloe M , Imms Christine 
Published: October 2018

AimTo review the evidence for behavioural interventions to reduce drooling in children with neurodisability.MethodA detailed search in eight databases sought studies that: (1) included participants aged 0 to 18 years with neurodisability and drooling; (2) provided behavioural interventions targeting drooling or a drooling‐related behaviour; and (3) used experimental designs. Two reviewers extracted data from full‐text papers independently. Results were tabulated for comparison. The Risk of Bias assessment in N‐of‐1 Trials scale for single case experimental designs (SCEDs) and the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were applied.ResultsOf an initial yield of 763, seven SCEDs and one RCT were included. Behavioural interventions included the use of reinforcement, prompting, self‐management, instruction, extinction, overcorrection, and fading. Each assessed body functions or structures’ outcomes (drooling frequency and severity); three included activity outcomes (mouth drying, head control, eye contact, and vocalizations) and none assessed participation or quality of life. While each study reported positive effects of intervention, risk of bias was high.InterpretationLow‐level evidence suggests behavioural interventions may be useful for treatment of drooling in children with neurodisability. Well‐designed intervention studies are urgently needed to determine effectiveness.What this paper adds

Behavioural interventions used to treat drooling included reinforcement, prompting, self‐management, extinction, overcorrection, instruction, and fading.

Interventions targeted body structures and function‐level outcomes and activity‐level outcomes.

Low‐level evidence supports the use of behavioural intervention to treat drooling.
World Health Organization life‐skills training is efficacious in reducing youth self‐report scores in primary school going children in Kenya
Authors: Ndetei David M. , Mutiso Victoria , Gitonga Isaiah , Agudile Emeka , Tele Albert , Birech Lilian , Musyimi Christine , McKenzie Kwame 
Published: October 2018

AimDocumented evidence shows that training in life skills for school going children improves their physical and mental health status. Although Kenya has a curriculum and a policy for life‐skills training in schools, these have not been implemented because lack of local evidence for efficacy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and effectiveness of the life‐skill training curriculum for primary schools developed by the Ministry of Education, Kenya.MethodsWe randomly selected 23 schools from two randomly selected sub‐counties representing urban/peri‐urban and rural contexts in Kenya. We collected baseline socio‐demographic characteristics and administered the locally validated youth self‐report (YSR) for 11 to 18 years old at baseline and 9 months post‐intervention. We used the Ministry of Education validated curriculum for life‐skills training for upper primary school as the intervention immediately after the baseline.ResultsThe World Health Organization life‐skills training is efficacious in reducing YSR scores in primary school going children in Kenya. We found that socio‐demographic characteristics were predictors for mental health and that there were significant positive improvements in internalizing and externalizing YSR symptoms and syndromes in both sites. The improvement was over 40% and therefore unlikely to be attributable to placebo effect or natural recovery without intervention. However, attention problems worsened more so in rural sites and particularly in girls.ConclusionsLife‐skills training is efficacious in improving mental health in school going children in the Kenyan context. However, it is not effective in attention problems which seem to be cognitive in nature.
Role of NMDA and AMPA glutamatergic receptors in the effects of social defeat on the rewarding properties of MDMA in mice
Authors: García‐Pardo M. P. , Miñarro J. , Llansola M. , Felipo V. , Aguilar M. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractExposure to social stress alters the response to drugs of abuse of experimental animals. Changes in the glutamatergic system seem to play a role in the effects of social defeat stress on the rewarding properties of cocaine and amphetamine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptors in the effects of social defeat on the conditioned place preference induced by 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Our hypothesis was that changes in these receptors could mediate the effects of social defeat on MDMA reward. Young adult male mice were exposed to an episode of social defeat with an aggressive conspecific immediately before each conditioning session with MDMA (1.25 mg/kg, four sessions on alternating days). According to the treatment received before defeats, six groups were used: saline, 5 or 10 mg/kg of memantine (NMDA antagonist) and 0.25, 1 or 5 mg/kg of 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) (AMPA antagonist). One control group was exposed to exploration before place conditioning. In two additional defeated and control groups, the membrane expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors was determined in the striatum and the hippocampus. Control and memantine‐treated groups developed place preference, but not defeated mice treated with saline or CNQX, suggesting that the blockade of NMDA receptors reversed the effects of social defeat. Social defeat decreased the expression of several subunits of NMDA and AMPA receptors, mainly GluN1 and GluA1. These results demonstrated that glutamatergic plasticity is involved in the effects of social defeat stress on MDMA reward.