bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of functional polysaccharides from common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) flowers
Authors: Babamoradi Nastaran , Yousefi Shima , Ziarati Parisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAchieving a maximum extraction yield for common mullein polysaccharides (CMPs) with desirable antioxidant capacity was examined by the optimizing solvent/plant material ratio (S/PM, 10–50 v/w), and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) temperature (40–80 °C), time (15–75 min), and power (100–500 W) using response surface methodology. The highest extraction yield of polysaccharide (5.75%) from Verbascum thapsus flowers with a remarkable DPPH‐radical scavenging activity (67.66%) was resulted in the ultrasonic time of 60 min, ultrasonic temperature of 67.52 °C, ultrasonic power of 371.03 W, and S/PM of 40 v/w. The antioxidant activity and extraction yield obtained under the optimal UAE were noticeably more than those of the classical process. The cell morphology analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed a more intact and amorphous matrix for intracellular CMPs extracted using the traditional method than UAE one. Structure of the mucilaginous materials with a minimum turbidity value was elucidated by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR).Practical applicationsMucilages and polysaccharides have a key role in improving the emulsifying, texturizing, and antioxidant functions in food products. Verbascum thapsus is a unique herbal species with excellent medical and biological potentials. Optimization of extraction process of functional mucilages from V. thapsus flowers using powerful modeling and mathematical tools like response surface methodology (RSM) can significantly decrease the research time and cost with better results. The optimized method of ultrasound‐assisted extraction ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) using RSM compared with the classical extraction methods can be a practical solution to improve quality and quantity of bioactive polysaccharides to incorporate into innovative food formulations.
Ozonation of Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis): Effect on the hydration kinetics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Alexandre Allana Patrícia Santos , Miano Alberto Claudio , Brandão Teresa Ribeiro Silva , Miller Fátima Alves , Fundo Joana Freitas , Calori‐Domingues Maria Antonia , Silva Cristina Luisa Miranda , Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOzone is used in grains to guarantee mycotoxin degradation, microbial inactivation, and insect disinfestation. However, its oxidizing properties can promote changes in the grain constituents, affecting both product properties and process behavior. Even so, the effect of ozone processing on quality properties of grains and their process, was rarely studied. Consequently, this work studied the impact of ozonation processing on the hydration kinetics and selected nutritional properties of Adzuki beans (Vigna angularis). As the ozone reactiveness increases at high moistures, three different levels of grain moisture were evaluated. The bean nutritional quality was evaluated considering the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (both radicals ABTS and DPPH). The results showed that there was neither significant difference in the hydration kinetics nor in the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity after the processing with ozone. Consequently, ozonation is proposed as an alternative in the control of grain contaminants without affecting its quality.Practical applicationsGrains are important raw materials worldwide, since they are used as food, feed or for extracting different components. Ozone, a safe and green technology, is used for microorganism inactivation and insect disinfestation, as well as for mycotoxins degradation in grains. However, although ozone can be used to guarantee safety, its oxidizing properties can promote changes in the grain constituents. These changes can negatively impact the nutritional properties, as well as alter the grain behaviour during processing. However, these evaluations are rarely carried out, questioning the ozone practical application. Therefore, the present work was developed to conduct this evaluation. It was demonstrated that the ozone processing did not alter neither the grain hydration kinetics nor the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Consequently, ozonation is proposed as a viable alternative in grain processing.
Microbial quality evaluation of grated cheese samples collected at retail level in Calabria (Italy)
Authors: Costanzo Nicola , Rodolfi Marinella , Musarella Rosanna , Ceniti Carlotta , Santoro Adriano , Britti Domenico , Casalinuovo Francesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo evaluate the microbial quality of grated cheese sold in Southern Italy, a total of 47 samples were collected at retail. Enumeration of fungi performed by culture reveled concentration ranging between 1 and 5.56 Log10 CFU/g and between 1 and 4 Log10 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, respectively. Selected mold colonies (n = 95) available from 31 samples (65.96%) were further identified. In total, 27 different mold species were recorded. The top five strains were in descending order as follows: Moniliella suaveolens (21.05%, n = 20), Geotrichum candidum (9.47%, n = 9), Penicillium brevicompactum (7.36%, n = 7), Cladosporium cladosporioides (6.31%, n = 6) and Gliocladium album (5.26%, n = 5). Regarding bacterial growth, Staphylococcal cells were available from 19 out of 47 (40.42%) collected samples with a range from 1.30 to 5.15 Log10 CFU/g. Staphylococcus aureus‐like colonies were not detected and similarly, pathogenic Listeria monocytogenes Salmonella and Escherichia coli was not isolated while two colonies were identified as Listeria innocua. To prevent any potential contamination and growth of pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in dairy products including grated cheeses high hygiene standards need to be considered.Practical applicationsThis study provides an insight into the diversity of viable molds that can be isolated from grated cheese sold at retail level. These microorganisms, that can potentially affect the quality and the safety of food products, may serve as indication for the food business operator of hygiene during processing and eventually as prediction during storing.
Microbiological quality and safety of cheeses belonging to “Traditional Agri‐Food Products” (T.A.P.) produced in Southern Italy
Authors: Dambrosio Angela , Ioanna Federica , Storelli Maria M. , Castiglia Domenico , Giannico Francesco , Colonna Maria A. , De Rosa Michele , Quaglia Nicoletta C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality and safety of some cheeses produced in Apulia region, Southern Italy, and classified as “traditional agri‐food products.” A total of 120 samples were collected and analyzed. From results, 82.5% of cheeses analyzed, had a satisfactory microbiological quality according to the European legislation. The coagulase positive Staphylococci (CPS) count was above the limits set by the European legislation in 17.5% of the samples analyzed. Within the 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated, 12 were positive for the detection of the enterotoxin genes. Furthermore, nine strains of S. aureus were positive to reverse passive latex agglutination (SET‐RPLA) assay. One of the two samples of Cacioricotta di Vacca Fresco, with a CPS load of 3.02 × 105 cfu/g, showed unsatisfactory microbiological safety because was positive to SET‐RPLA. Based on the findings, it is essential to apply and maintain good hygiene practices throughout the food chain, especially for traditional agri‐food products, which are often produced in small family processing plants using production protocols based on the experience handed down from father to son.Practical applicationsThe traditional agri‐food products are foodstuffs much appreciated by consumers because of their organoleptic qualities and taste that brings back to the genuine flavors of the past. However, the hygienic quality and safety of these products is linked to the personal experience of food business operator and not to the regular checking of microbiological parameters that validate the acceptability of foodstuffs and their manufacturing, handling and distribution processes. The results of this study can contribute to the risk analysis for these particular products, and underline the need to apply and maintain good hygiene practices throughout the production chain.
Procedural Framework to Facilitate Hospital‐Based Informed Consent for Dementia Research
Authors: Holden Timothy R. , Keller Sarah , Kim Alice , Gehring Michael , Schmitz Emily , Hermann Carol , Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Kind Amy J.H. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTImproving quality and delivery of care for people with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) requires a comprehensive research agenda that encompasses the entire care continuum. Logistical and ethical challenges of informed consent for research participation of persons with ADRD include determination of capacity to consent, surrogate consent when capacity to consent is compromised, timely identification of the legally authorized representative (LAR) providing surrogate consent, and balancing residual autonomy with surrogate consent. Short stays; limited access to patients, caregivers, and LARs; and fluctuating influences of acute illness on capacity determination compound these challenges in the acute care setting. To address these challenges, we worked with the University of Wisconsin Health Sciences Institutional Review Board to develop a procedural framework for obtaining informed consent from hospitalized individuals with ADRD and their caregivers to participate in a minimal risk care intervention. The framework is specially designed for minimal risk situations in which rapid enrollment is a necessity and uses rapid identification of surrogates to consent for patients who lack legal capacity to make medical decisions, indicated by an activated healthcare power of attorney, and individualized formal assent procedures for patients who lack capacity to consent. These methods were proven effective in facilitating hospital‐based recruitment in an ongoing randomized controlled trial and provide a basis for increasing access to acute care clinical research for persons with ADRD. Bolstering research participation through more easily used consent procedures during acute illness is critical to fostering improvements in the delivery of high‐quality care to persons with ADRD. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2243–2248, 2018
A first case of hepatocellular carcinoma in the baboon (Papio spp.) placenta
Authors: Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch Natalia , Carrillo Maira , Li Cun , Nathanielsz Peter , Maguire Christopher , Maher James , Dick Edward , Hubbard Gene , Stanek Jerzy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the placenta of healthy baboon (Papio spp.). Grossly, the fetal, maternal, and placental tissues were unremarkable. Histologically, the placenta contained an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated, infiltrative, solidly cellular neoplasm composed of cells that resembled hepatocytes. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for Ae1/Ae3, Arginase ‐1, glutamine synthetase, and CD10, and negative for ER, vascular markers (CD31 and D240), S100, glypican, C‐reactive protein, FABP, desmin, and beta‐catenin; INI1 positivity was similar to non‐neoplastic tissues. The case likely represents a unique subtype of HCC.
The “left behind”: Smallholders in contemporary Russian agriculture
Authors: Wegren Stephen K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmallholder production in Russia has been in decline for more than a decade. The likelihood is for continued marginalization. Smallholders confront four obstacles. First, path dependencies, which includes the fact that smallholders' production remains traditional and subsistence oriented. Second, institutions in the form of state policy restrict land and animals. Third, Russia's role in the third food regime means that smallholders are unable to help Russia's emergence as a global food superpower. Fourth, smallholders are being left behind in the ongoing technological revolution led by agroholdings. As technological advancement expands in scope, the gap between large farms and smallholders will widen.
Smallholder agriculture in transition economies
Authors: Burkitbayeva Saule , Swinnen Johan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse how smallholder farms have evolved during the transition process in former communist countries and how this process has differed across countries and commodities. The role of smallholders in agriculture differs among transition countries, and this diversity is due to a combination of factors, including capital, labour and land endowments, income levels, scale economies, market imperfections, and reform choices. Institutions to access inputs and sell outputs affect the efficiency and survival of smallholders. In the past decade, the share of smallholders in land use and production has declined significantly as younger and more dynamic smallholders have become integrated in modern value chains, whereas older, less dynamic farmers have (semi‐)retired, producing only for household consumption.
WHAT DRIVES CAPITAL FLOWS TO EMERGING MARKETS? A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE
Authors: Koepke Robin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on the drivers of capital flows to emerging markets. The empirical evidence is structured based on the recognition that the drivers of capital flows vary over time and across different types of capital flows. The drivers are classified using the traditional distinction between ‘push’ and ‘pull’ drivers, which continues to serve as a useful framework. Push factors like global risk aversion and external interest rates are found to matter most for portfolio debt and equity flows, but somewhat less for banking flows. Pull factors such as domestic output growth, asset returns and country risk matter for all three capital flows components, but most for banking flows.
Noncognitive Abilities and Financial Delinquency: The Role of Self‐Efficacy in Avoiding Financial Distress
Authors: KUHNEN CAMELIA M. , MELZER BRIAN T. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTWe investigate a novel determinant of financial distress, namely, individuals' self‐efficacy, or belief that their actions can influence the future. Individuals with high self‐efficacy are more likely to take precautions that mitigate adverse financial shocks. They are subsequently less likely to default on their debt and bill payments, especially after experiencing negative shocks such as job loss or illness. Thus, noncognitive abilities are an important determinant of financial fragility and subjective expectations are an important factor in household financial decisions.
Clinical features and mid‐term follow‐up in infants younger than 3 months with Kawasaki disease in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Li , Huang Ping , Zhang Zhiwei 
Published: September 2018

AimTo explore the clinical features and mid‐term follow‐up of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants younger than 3 months of age in a Chinese population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of clinical signs, laboratory data, echocardiography results and outcomes for patients with KD diagnosed at our hospital from January 2009 to December 2013. A total of 1150 children were diagnosed with KD, and 200 KD patients were enrolled in this study. Group 1 included 40 children younger than 3 months of age. We randomly selected a control group as Group 2 included 160 children older than 3 months of age who fulfilled diagnostic criteria for KD and maintained follow‐up for more than 1 year.ResultsThere was a significant difference in clinical manifestations between the two groups, except respiratory infection. Group 1 was more likely to have incomplete presentation (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in laboratory data except for white blood cell counts between the two groups. Coronary artery abnormalities were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001). At a mean follow‐up of 18 months (range 12–48 months), all patients with coronary artery abnormalities, except for giant coronary aneurysms, returned to normal in terms of diameter as assessed by echocardiography.ConclusionsInfants younger than 3 months of age with KD often present with incomplete criteria, and diagnosis may be delayed. In addition, there may be a higher risk of developing coronary artery abnormalities. All patients except those with giant coronary aneurysms recovered well without complications at mid‐term follow‐up.
Evolutionary reversals in Bossiella (Corallinales, Rhodophyta): first report of a coralline genus with both geniculate and nongeniculate species
Authors: Hind Katharine R. , Gabrielson Paul W. , Jensen Cassandra , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: September 2018

This is the first report of a coralline genus with both geniculate (upright fronds with non‐calcified joints) and nongeniculate species that has been verified by DNA sequence data. Two nongeniculate (crustose) species of Bossiella are recognized, B. mayae sp. nov. and B. exarticulata sp. nov. DNA sequencing of the lectotype specimen of Pseudolithophyllum whidbeyense revealed that this name had been misapplied and instead belongs to an undescribed coralline species in the Hapalidiales. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated DNA sequences (psbA, rbcL, COI‐5P) indicate that B. mayae and B. exarticulata represent phenotypic reversals from the geniculate character state back to the nongeniculate character state. Secondary loss of genicula has occurred three times in the subfamily Corallinoideae, once to generate the entirely nongeniculate genus Crusticorallina and twice in the now morphologically heterotypic Bossiella. Since phenotypic reversals have occurred several times during the evolution of coralline algae, we speculate about the putative mechanism and adaptive significance of this phenomenon.
How to organise teaching activities for the scoring of cardiorespiratory polygraphies? Experiences from three Swedish Sleep Society teaching courses
Authors: Grote Ludger 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEducation in the scoring of sleep‐disordered breathing is organised differently and data on the evaluation of teaching strategies based on student ratings are sparse. The aim of the study was to analyse the gain in theoretical and practical knowledge achieved during different course settings offered by a national sleep society. The course contained 1 hr of theoretical teaching (scoring rules and recording methodology) and 2.5 hr of practical scoring (physiological breathing, obstructive/central sleep apnea and hypoventilation). Three different settings were provided: a large scoring group including participants with mixed experiences (1), a small scoring group with inexperienced scorers (2), and guided scoring for experienced scorers (3). Evaluation was performed at the end of the course. Data from 67 out of 82 participants (79%) were analysed (42 nurses/technicians and 25 physicians/dentists). Previous scoring experience was limited, moderate and extended in 25, 26, and 15 students, respectively. Gain of practical knowledge and overall course rating were significantly higher in settings 2 and 3 compared with 1 (p = 0.005 and p = 0.018 respectively). Guided scoring was the preferred practical teaching setting in experienced scorers, whereas scoring in large groups together with an experienced student was preferred in newcomers. Profession did not influence gain of knowledge, course satisfaction or preferred course design. From the student's perspective, consensus scoring in groups or guided scoring for all students may have advantages compared with single/small‐group scoring settings. Technical teaching knowledge of faculty members is of significant importance.
Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , de Lamo Xavier , Sebastià Maria‐Teresa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow do interactions between global change factors (climate and land use, including livestock management) shape plant species richness patterns in mountain grassland communities? Does topography interact with global change factors to modulate their effect on within‐community plant diversity?LocationPyrenees, Spain.MethodsWe used an initial set of 20 predictors: climatic, biogeographic, livestock management and topographic. Our data set included a wide range of management and climatic conditions from mediterranean to alpine environments. After a variable selection procedure with random forest, we built GLM to explain species richness in plant communities through 100‐m2 plots (SR100), employing backward–forward selection with AIC and other techniques.ResultsThe main filters of SR100 were the regional factors (climate and biogeography, with 23% and 17%, respectively, of the total contribution to SR100), followed by livestock management (14%) and topography (9%). Interactions between climatic and biogeographic variables were almost as important as the main effects (18%). Fragmentation effects were higher under low mean minimum temperatures and summer precipitation compared with other conditions. Connectivity interacted with most of the climatic variables. Moderately high stocking rates mitigated plant community species losses triggered by decreased connectivity. Sheep‐grazed grassland communities had lower SR100 than differently managed grasslands under low fragmentation scenarios; conversely, sheep grazing enhanced SR100 when fragmentation was high. Topographic predictors accounted for lower variability in SR100 than regional and management factors and were independent from these.ConclusionsSeveral multi‐scale spatial filters determine SR100 of grassland communities in the Pyrenees, interacting through complex processes. Climate can enhance negative effects of fragmentation and lack of connectivity on SR100 under stressful conditions. Livestock management modified the impact of patch disaggregation and fragmentation on SR100.