bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low recurrence rate of head and neck basal cell carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery: A retrospective study of 1021 cases
Authors: Kuiper Elsa M. , van den Berge Bente A. , Spoo Julia R. , Kuiper Jeroen , Terra Jorrit B. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveMohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is the treatment of choice for high‐risk primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and recurrent BCC of the head and neck, showing fewer recurrences compared with surgical excision (SE). The objectives of this study were to determine the recurrence rate of head and neck BCC after MMS and to develop a prediction model with significant risk factors for recurrence.DesignA retrospective study of patient records.MethodsAll BCCs treated with MMS between 1 January 1995 and 1 July 2013 at the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) were selected retrospectively. Recorded parameters were patient characteristics, tumour size, tumour location, histopathological subtype, previous treatment, the number of stages until microscopic clearance, defect size, adverse events, follow‐up time and recurrence after MMS.ResultsThe study covered 1021 MMS operations conducted on primary BCCs (57.4%), residual BCCs (25.6%) and recurrent BCCs (17.0%). The median follow‐up time was 54.0 months (ranging from 1 to 221 months). The 5‐year cumulative probability of recurrence was 3.3%: 2.6% for primary BCCs, 5.4% for residual BCCs and 2.9% for recurrent BCCs. An aggressive histopathological subtype, residual BCCs and recurrent BCCs were significant risk factors for predicting a higher risk of recurrence after MMS.ConclusionThis large‐scale retrospective study showed low recurrence rates after MMS for primary and recurrent BCCs. Residual BCCs treated with MMS had relatively higher recurrence rates. The risk of recurrence for MMS‐treated residual aggressive BCCs was more than four times higher than that for primary non‐aggressive BCCs.
Patterns of hospital admission in 54 501 patients with epistaxis over a 20‐year period in Scotland, UK
Authors: Douglas Catriona M. , Tikka Theofano , Broadbent Benedict , Calder Nick , Montgomery Jenny 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEpistaxis affects most people over their lifetime. It is the commonest ear, nose and throat emergency. Hospital admission and socio‐economic deprivation have been associated with mental health disorders, respiratory illness and with emergency hospital admissions. Low socio‐economic status has never previously been associated with epistaxis, a common reason for admission to ear, nose and throat departments throughout the UK.MethodsDemographics from Information Services Division Scotland were analysed over a period of 20 years. This focused on gender, number of admissions, number of bed days, socio‐economic deprivation (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) and mortality within 1 year.ResultsData from 54 501 patients were assessed. Admission numbers and length of stay have significantly decreased (P < 0.0001). Males are more frequently affected (P = 0.001). Admission numbers were higher for patients in more deprived areas (P < 0.001). Mean duration of stay has decreased by 1 bed day. Surgical intervention of epistaxis has increased significantly (P < 0.001). There is an associated 1‐year mortality rate of 9.8% following epistaxis.ConclusionThere has been a significant decrease in hospital admissions and length of hospital stay in patients admitted with epistaxis over the past 20 years. There is a significant association with deprivation and epistaxis admission.
Human–Computer Interaction in Face Matching
Authors: Fysh Matthew C. , Bindemann Markus 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutomatic facial recognition is becoming increasingly ubiquitous in security contexts such as passport control. Currently, Automated Border Crossing (ABC) systems in the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) require supervision from a human operator who validates correct identity judgments and overrules incorrect decisions. As the accuracy of this human–computer interaction remains unknown, this research investigated how human validation is impacted by a priori face‐matching decisions such as those made by automated face recognition software. Observers matched pairs of faces that were already labeled onscreen as depicting the same identity or two different identities. The majority of these labels provided information that was consistent with the stimuli presented, but some were also inconsistent or provided “unresolved” information. Across three experiments, accuracy consistently deteriorated on trials that were inconsistently labeled, indicating that observers’ face‐matching decisions are biased by external information such as that provided by ABCs.
Risk‐sensitive planning for conserving coral reefs under rapid climate change
Authors: Beyer Hawthorne L. , Kennedy Emma V. , Beger Maria , Chen Chaolun Allen , Cinner Joshua E. , Darling Emily S. , Eakin C. Mark , Gates Ruth D. , Heron Scott F. , Knowlton Nancy , Obura David O. , Palumbi Stephen R. , Possingham Hugh P. , Puotinen Marji , Runting Rebecca K. , Skirving William J. , Spalding Mark , Wilson Kerrie A. , Wood Sally , Veron John E. , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are seriously threatened by changing conditions in the ocean. Although many factors are implicated, climate change has emerged as a dominant and rapidly growing threat. Developing a long‐term strategic plan for the conservation of coral reefs is urgently needed yet is complicated by significant uncertainty associated with climate change impacts on coral reef ecosystems. We use Modern Portfolio Theory to identify coral reef locations globally that, in the absence of other impacts, are likely to have a heightened chance of surviving projected climate changes relative to other reefs. Long‐term planning that is robust to uncertainty in future conditions provides an objective and transparent framework for guiding conservation action and strategic investment. These locations constitute important opportunities for novel conservation investments to secure less vulnerable yet well‐connected coral reefs that may, in turn, help to repopulate degraded areas in the event that the climate has stabilized.
Transplant advocacy in the era of the human immunodeficiency virus organ policy equity act
Authors: Steel Jennifer L. , Gordon Elisa J. , Dulovich Michelle , Kingsley Kendal , Tevar Amit , Ganesh Swaytha , Brindley Emily , Sood Puneet , Humar Abhinav 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn 2013, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act was passed to permit the conduct of research on the transplantation of organs from donors infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into recipients who are HIV‐positive. The HOPE Act workshop had many objectives including the discussion of the ethical issues involved in HIV‐positive to HIV‐positive transplantation, the informed consent process, and the role of independent advocates in the context of HIV to HIV transplantation. As of 2018, 22 transplant hospitals are approved, or undergoing approval, to perform HIV‐positive to HIV‐positive transplant surgeries, and this number is expected to grow. This study aims to: (i) briefly review the history and research of HIV+ transplantation prior to the HOPE Act, (ii) describe the ethical principles supporting the HOPE Act, (iii) characterize the informed consent process, and (iv) provide guidance regarding the role of independent advocates in the context of HIV‐positive to HIV‐positive transplantation.
Wonder and Moral Education
Authors: Schinkel Anders 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMany authors have claimed a moral and educational significance for wonder. In this article Anders Schinkel assesses these claims in order to address the question whether we do indeed have reason to stimulate the sense of wonder and to provoke experiences of wonder in education with a view to its moral effects or importance. Are there moral effects of wonder — or does wonder have a moral significance — that give us a (further) reason to promote children's sense of wonder and to attempt to elicit the experience of wonder in children? And if so, will any experience of wonder do, from a moral perspective, or do only some experiences of wonder — in specific contexts, or with a specific object — have the desired effect? Schinkel argues that, although there is certainly a case to be made for wonder's moral (educational) importance, it needs to be made cautiously. Wonder coheres more easily with some emotions and attitudes than with others, but in the end its moral significance depends to a large extent on how we interpret or make sense of our wonder and what we wonder at. In moral education, therefore, the value of wonder depends on how it is framed and morally charged.
Abiotic triggers for sea and river lamprey spawning migration and juvenile outmigration in the River Rhine, Germany
Authors: Baer Jan , Hartmann Frank , Brinker Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe activity patterns of migrating lampreys (sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis) are poorly understood. This study uses extensive screening data from the cooling water intake of a nuclear power plant on the River Rhine, Germany, gathered on 1308 days over 46 consecutive months between 2011 and 2014. More than 34,000 lampreys were retrieved, of which the great majority (99.9%) were outmigrating nonfeeding postmetamorphic individuals. The main factors controlling outmigration were season, water temperature and river discharge. The bulk of downstream migration was observed each year in spring at water temperatures between 9 and 12°C, with earlier migrations during significant discharge peaks between December and February. The migration activity of postmetamorphic individuals declined during summer and autumn, regardless of discharge. Turbidity increased the occurrence of postmetamorphic lampreys and supported diurnal migration, which accounted for nearly 20% of all lamprey records. In winter, outmigrating individuals of both species exhibited significantly longer body lengths than those detected during other seasons. Haematophagus postmetamorphic sea lampreys were also retrieved (n = 28) and represent the most upstream records of parasitically feeding sea lamprey detected thus far. Adult lampreys migrating upstream were found mainly in spring, but in very low numbers, indicating high prespawning mortalities. The study points to a challenging future for the protection of lampreys in this area: the long duration and the round‐the‐clock nature of the observed migration demand flexible solutions to realise safe operational windows for water intake stations and to minimise impacts on juvenile lampreys.
Spatial and temporal variation in fish community structure and diversity in the largest tropical flood‐pulse system of South‐East Asia
Authors: Ngor Peng Bun , Grenouillet Gaël , Phem Sea , So Nam , Lek Sovan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Tonle Sap River and Lake (TSRL) is South‐East Asia's largest tropical flood pulse with a flow‐reversal system that supports one of the world's largest freshwater fisheries. However, among the world's tropical floodplains, the resources of the TSRL have received little ecological research. Here, we described the spatiotemporal TSRL fish diversity and community variation using daily records from 2012 to 2015 on fish abundance from six sites covering the TSRL system. We found that high fish diversity occurred in sites located in the middle of Tonle Sap Lake, and the lowest diversity was observed in the southern section. The spatial abundance distribution patterns displayed a river–lake gradient, with three fish assemblages that were clustered based on their composition similarities and were characterised by 96 indicator species. In the southern section, fish assemblages were characterised by longitudinal migratory fishes; in contrast, in the middle system, fish assemblages were represented by species with combined ecological attributes (i.e. longitudinal and lateral migratory species and floodplain residents). Towards the northern section, fish assemblages were composed of lateral migratory and floodplain resident species. Species richness and abundance peaked at approximately 2–2.5 and 4 months, respectively, after the peak flow in early October, during which Tonle Sap River resumes its normal flow direction (outflow). This suggests that seasonal flood pulses (i.e. rising and falling water levels) play a pivotal role in structuring spatiotemporal variation in the TSRL fish assemblages. Our study has implications for fisheries monitoring and conservation initiatives.
Fish community response to environmental variations in an impacted Neotropical basin
Authors: Silveira Estevan Luiz da , Ballester Eduardo Luis Cupertino , Costa Karine Andréa da , Scheffer Elizabeth Weinhardt de Oliveira , Vaz‐dos‐Santos André Martins 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFish communities’ organisation is a challenging task due to global, local and temporal variations related to biotic and abiotic factors, highlighting anthropic activities. The Verde River Basin (VRB) was chosen as a model to the fish community study due to its complexity, presenting a longitudinal gradient of degradation. The ichthyofauna and abiotic factors were sampled during twelve months in four sites. Analyses employed rarefaction curves with Hill numbers estimators and canonical correspondence analysis. The endemic Apareiodon sp. (not described), Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. strigaticeps, Oligosarcus paranensis, Neoplecostomus yapo and Trichomycterus diabolus were associated with structurally complex and well‐preserved environments. In contrary, Astyanax aff. fasciatus, Corydoras ehrhardti, Geophagus brasiliensis, H. ancistroides and Phalloceros harpagos showed tolerance to impacted environments. The methods here employed allowed to identify and explain differences in the ichthyofauna structure, distinguishing the influence of spatial, temporal and human effects on the fish communities.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a preclinical practice of tooth preparation using digital training system: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Liu L. , Li J. , Yuan S. , Wang T. , Chu F. , Lu X. , Hu J. , Wang C. , Yan B. , Wang L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preclinical training on ceramic crown preparation using digital training system compared with traditional training method.Materials and methodsA sample of 66 participating fourth‐year undergraduate dental students were randomly assigned to one of two groups for ceramic crown preparation: experimental group as trained using digital method with Online Peer‐Review System (OPRS) and Real‐time Dental Training and Evaluation System (RDTES); control group as trained using traditional method with instructor demonstration and evaluation. At the completion of training periods, both groups performed the preparation of ceramic crown of upper left central incisor, which were blindly scored by the experienced instructors under the pre‐defined assessment criteria. The results of both were compared using Student's t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of significance was P < .05. The questionnaires regarding the benefits or drawbacks of digital training system were answered by the students of experimental group.ResultsFive of 15 items in the assessment outcome of the digital group were significantly better than the traditional group. The questionnaire results from the students of the experimental group indicated 96.97% of the students agreed or strongly agreed that using digital training system could better improve the practical ability than traditional method. The total scores of practical results were significantly positively correlated with the points of the questionnaires.ConclusionThe digital training system with OPRS and RDTES might be a good alternative to the traditional training method in the preclinical course of dental practice.
Differential leukocyte counts on admission predict outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Malhotra K. , Goyal N. , Chang J. J. , Broce M. , Pandhi A. , Kerro A. , Shahripour R. B. , Alexandrov A. V. , Tsivgoulis G. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeTo determine the association of differential leukocyte counts on admission with efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).MethodsConsecutive patients with AIS receiving IVT were evaluated at two stroke centers. Differential leukocyte counts and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were determined during the initial 12 h of admission. Efficacy outcomes were favorable functional outcome (FFO) (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–1) and functional independence (FI) (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0–2) at 3 months, whereas safety outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 3‐month mortality.ResultsAmong 657 IVT‐treated patients with AIS, the mean age was 64 ± 14 years, 50% were female and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 7 points (interquartile range, 4–13). Lower neutrophil and leukocyte counts and NLR counts were observed in patients with 3‐month FFO and FI, whereas higher counts were observed in patients who died at 3 months. The best discriminative factors for 3‐month FFO and FI were NLR < 2.2 (sensitivity 51.4%, specificity 63.1%) and leukocyte count <8100/μL (sensitivity 57.5%, specificity 55.1%), respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, NLR < 2.2 was associated with higher odds of FFO [odds ratio (OR), 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.24; P = 0.018], whereas leukocyte count <8100/μL demonstrated higher odds of 3‐month FI (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11–2.57; P = 0.014) and lower odds of 3‐month mortality (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.16–0.60; P = 0.001). Combined neutrophil (<6800/μL) and leukocyte (<8100/μL) counts demonstrated a strong interaction for 3‐month FI (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.13–2.67; P interaction = 0.012).ConclusionsDifferential leukocyte counts on admission were independently associated with clinical outcomes in patients with AIS treated with IVT. These inflammatory biomarkers are potential targets for adjunctive neuroprotection in this stroke subgroup.
Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on healing of temporomandibular joints in rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: El Qashty Rana M. N. , Mohamed Nesreen N. , Radwan Lobna R. S. , Ibrahim Fatma M. M. 
Published: June 2018

The healing capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) has been evaluated in various studies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BMMSCs on the healing of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with induced rheumatoid arthritis. Fifty healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group I (n = 10), negative control; group II (n = 20), positive control (induction of arthritis by adjuvant followed by intravenous injection of 0.1 ml of PBS); and group III (n = 20), intervention (as for group II but injected intravenously with 1 × 106 cells ml−1of BMMSCs suspended in PBS). Half of the rats in each group were euthanized 3 wk after the start of the experiment and the other half was euthanized after 5 wk. Group I revealed normal TMJ features. Group II showed thickening of disc, thinning of cartilage, disordered bone trabeculae, and decreased in mean % area staining positive of collagen fibers at 3 wk, while at 5 wk these effects were more aggravated. Group III showed nearly normal thickness of disc and condylar cartilage, nearly normal arrangement of bone trabeculae and regenerated collagen fibers at 3 wk, while after 5 wk the TMJ features were almost normal. Two‐wayanovarevealed statistically significant differences between groups. Thus, treatment of induced rheumatoid arthritis with BMMSCs shows promising results that need to be further investigated in humans.
Genetic algorithm supported by expert system to solve land redistribution problem
Authors: Haklı Hüseyin , Uğuz Harun , Çay Tayfun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLand redistribution, a real‐world optimization problem, involves the distribution of land parcels in predetermined blocks based on the landowners' preferences. This process, measured in weeks or months, is usually performed manually by a technician with the support of computer software. Although various techniques have been developed in recent years to solve this complex problem, they all require improvement. This study aimed to develop a new technique and produce applicable redistribution plans using a genetic algorithm (GA) in combination with an expert system. Blocks of cadastral parcels were determined by a GA using a new objective function to consider the overflow and residual areas as well as the landowners' preferences. The expert system was employed to close (reduce to zero) the overflow or residual areas occurring after the GA distribution. To investigate the performance of the proposed method, the system was used on a real study area and the results were compared against those obtained for the same cadastral situation undertaken by a technician using a similar method from published literature. The experimental results showed that the method proposed in this study performed better than the other methods because it provided a successful and applicable redistribution plan for the study area in a much shorter time.
Fisheries in life cycle assessment: Operational factors for biotic resources depletion
Authors: Hélias Arnaud , Langlois Juliette , Fréon Pierre 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is the normed and international framework for assessing the environmental impacts of most human activities. LCA is commonly used to assess various aspects of fisheries but is only at the onset for estimating impacts of fish removal. This study proposes original characterization factors (CFs) to quantify impacts on biotic resources using the mass of fish caught. This mid‐point assessment occurs in impact pathways leading to “natural resources,” one of the three areas of protection in LCA, and thus fisheries can be compared according to the depleted stock fraction. CFs are defined by the marginal approach applied to the Schaefer model, representing the dynamics of the stocks. They combine catches, current biomass and maximum intrinsic growth rates, determined from the application of the CMSY algorithm (Froese et al. (2017), Fish Fish, 18, 506) with FAO and FishBase data. A multistock CF is also proposed and used for multispecies‐stocks. CFs for the 4,993 stocks defined from global FAO areas are obtained and sorted according to the robustness of the model hypotheses. CF values among stocks generally tend to decrease when fish catches increase because high catches are generally associated with abundant stocks. Multispecies‐stocks CFs for the northeast Atlantic Ocean are compared to ICES‐based CFs and are reliable for the main fished stocks. With this simple and generic structure, this operational fish resource depletion potential could be extended to other biotic resources.