bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary branching in distorted trait spaces
Authors: Ito Hiroshi C. , Sasaki Akira 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiological communities are thought to have been evolving in trait spaces that are not only multi-dimensional, but also distorted in a sense that mutational covariance matrices among traits depend on the parental phenotypes of mutants. Such a distortion may affect diversifying evolution as well as directional evolution. In adaptive dynamics theory, diversifying evolution through ecological interaction is called evolutionary branching. This study analytically develops conditions for evolutionary branching in distorted trait spaces of arbitrary dimensions, by a local nonlinear coordinate transformation so that the mutational covariance matrix becomes locally constant in the neighborhood of a focal point. The developed evolutionary branching conditions can be affected by the distortion when mutational step sizes have significant magnitude difference among directions, i.e., the eigenvalues of the mutational covariance matrix have significant magnitude difference.
A decoy heterotrimeric Gα protein has substantially reduced nucleotide binding but retains nucleotide-independent interactions with its cognate RGS protein and Gβγ dimer
Authors: Lou Fei , Abramyan Tigran M. , Jia Haiyan , Tropsha Alexander , Jones Alan M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPlants uniquely have a family of proteins called extra-large G proteins (XLG) that share homology in their C-terminal half with the canonical Gα subunits; we carefully detail here that Arabidopsis XLG2 lacks critical residues requisite for nucleotide binding and hydrolysis which is consistent with our quantitative analyses. Based on microscale thermophoresis, Arabidopsis XLG2 binds GTPγS with an affinity 100-1000 times lower than that to canonical Gα subunits. This means that given the concentration range of guanine nucleotide in plant cells, XLG2 is not likely bound by GTPin vivo. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations provide a plausible mechanism for the poor nucleotide binding affinity of XLG2. Simulations indicate substantially stronger salt bridge networks formed by several key amino-acid residues of AtGPA1 which are either misplaced or missing in XLG2. These residues in AtGPA1 not only maintain the overall shape and integrity of the apoprotein cavity but also increase the frequency of favorable nucleotide-protein interactions in the nucleotide-bound state. Despite this loss of nucleotide dependency, XLG2 binds the RGS domain of AtRGS1 with an affinity similar to the Arabidopsis AtGPA1 in its apo-state and about 2 times lower than AtGPA1 in its transition state. In addition, XLG2 binds the Gβγ dimer with an affinity similar to that of AtGPA1. XLG2 likely acts as a dominant negative Gα protein to block G protein signaling. We propose that XLG2, independent of guanine nucleotide binding, regulates the active state of the canonical G protein pathway directly by sequestering Gβγ and indirectly by promoting heterodimer formation.
Establishing the baseline for using plankton as biosensor
Authors: Pastore Vito P. , Zimmermann Thomas , Biswas Sujoy K. , Bianco Simone 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPlankton is at the bottom of the food chain. Microscopic phytoplankton account for about 50% of all photosynthesis on Earth, corresponding to 50 billion tons of carbon each year, or about 125 billion tonnes of sugar[1]. Plankton is also the food for most species of fish, and therefore it represents the backbone of the aquatic environment. Thus, monitoring plankton is paramount to infer potential dangerous changes to the ecosystem. In this work we use a collection of plankton species extracted from a large dataset of images from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), to establish a basic set of morphological features for supporting the use of plankton as a biosensor. Using a perturbation detection approach, we show that it is possible to detect deviation from the average space of features for each species of plankton microorganisms, that we propose could be related to environmental threat or perturbations. Such an approach can open the way for the development of an automatic Artificial Intelligence (AI) based system for using plankton as biosensor.
Calcium Imaging Reveals Host-Graft Synaptic Network Formation in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Ceto S , Sekiguchi KJ , Takashima Y , Nimmerjahn A , Tuszynski MH 
Published: October 2019

SummaryNeural stem/progenitor cell grafts integrate into sites of spinal cord injury (SCI) and form anatomical and electrophysiological neuronal relays across lesions. To determine how grafts become synaptically organized and connect with host systems, we performed calcium imaging of neural progenitor cell grafts within sites of SCI, using both in vivo imaging and spinal cord slices. Stem cell grafts organize into localized synaptic networks that are spontaneously active. Following optogenetic stimulation of host corticospinal tract axons regenerating into grafts, distinct and segregated neuronal networks respond throughout the graft. Moreover, optogenetic stimulation of graft axons extending out from the lesion into the denervated spinal cord also trigger responses in local host neuronal networks. In vivo imaging reveals that behavioral stimulation of host elicits focal synaptic responses within grafts. Thus, remarkably, neural progenitor cell grafts form functional synaptic subnetworks in patterns paralleling the normal spinal cord.
Integration of locomotion and auditory signals in the mouse inferior colliculus
Authors: Yang Yoonsun , Lee Joonyeol , Kim Gunsoo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe inferior colliculus (IC) is the major midbrain auditory integration center, where virtually all ascending auditory inputs converge. Although the IC has been extensively studied for sound processing, little is known about the neural activity of the IC in moving subjects, as frequently happens in natural hearing conditions. Here we show, by recording the IC neural activity in walking mice, the activity of IC neurons is strongly modulated by locomotion in the absence of sound stimulus presentation. Similar modulation was also found in deafened mice, demonstrating that IC neurons receive non-auditory, locomotion-related neural signals. Sound-evoked activity was attenuated during locomotion, and the attenuation increased frequency selectivity across the population, while maintaining preferred frequencies. Our results suggest that during behavior, integrating movement-related and auditory information is an essential aspect of sound processing in the IC.
Perineuronal nets stabilize the grid cell network
Authors: Christensen Ane Charlotte , Lensjø Kristian Kinden , Lepperød Mikkel Elle , Dragly Svenn-Arne , Sutterud Halvard , Blackstad Jan Sigurd , Fyhn Marianne , Hafting Torkel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGrid cells are part of a widespread network that supports navigation and spatial memory. Stable grid patterns appear late in development, in concert with extracellular matrix aggregates termed perineuronal nets (PNNs) that condense around inhibitory neurons. To reveal the relationship between stable spatial representations and the presence of PNNs we recorded from populations of neurons in adult rats. We show that removal of PNNs leads to lower inhibitory spiking activity, and reduces grid cells’ ability to create stable representations of a novel environment. Furthermore, in animals with disrupted PNNs, exposure to a novel arena corrupted the spatiotemporal relationships within grid cell modules, and the stored representations of a familiar arena. Finally, we show that PNN removal in entorhinal cortex distorted spatial representations in downstream hippocampal neurons. Together this work suggests that PNNs provide a key stabilizing element for the grid cell network.
A municipal database from the 2011 Spanish census
Authors: Goerlich Francisco J. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The paper aims to describe the process to obtain a complete municipal database from the 2011 Spanish Census information. By complete, the authors mean variables for the full sample of the 8,116 municipalities as of the census reference date. In addition, the database should be consistent with the public census information released by the National Statistical Institute: microdata and customized tables.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use mainly small area demographic and synthetic estimators that are reconciled using biproportional adjustment (iterative proportional fitting), when needed.

Findings
As a result, the authors obtain a complete and consistent municipal database composing 55 variables related to socio-demographic characteristics of persons.

Originality/value
The provision of a complete and consistent municipal database, available for download, which is absent in the original 2011 Spanish Census.
A hybrid framework to model factors affecting construction labour productivity
Authors: Parchami Jalal Majid , Shoar Shahab 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to model different causal relations among factors interacting with labour productivity in order to recognize the most important factors influencing and influenced by it.

Design/methodology/approach
Top 60 factors affecting labour productivity were determined and grouped into 5 major groups by reviewing previous research and interviewing relevant experts. The interactions of factors were modelled using system dynamics (SD) approach. The resulting causal loop diagrams obtained from SD were then applied for identifying the most crucial factors influencing and influenced by labour productivity through the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The impact of factors on each other was finally determined based on the opinions of 63 experts selected from the Iranian construction industry.

Findings
The results indicated that factors such as fatigue, lack of labour motivation and lack of skill are the most influencing, and factors such as schedule delay and inflation in the cost of execution are the most influenced by labour productivity. In the end, a set of recommendations to improve construction labour productivity was also presented.

Originality/value
The main contribution of the study is proposing a novel method which is capable of providing insights into how causes and effects of construction labour productivity are interrelated. Furthermore, the proposed method makes this study distinct from previous research in the light of prioritizing factors and offering recommendations according to the interrelationships among factors.
Reintegrating prâxis, practices, phrónêsis and sustainable action for the relationship between business and society
Authors: Kuepers Wendelin 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose to rehabilitate prâxis and revive possibilities of practical wisdom (phrónêsis) and a reinterpret excellence as an ethically committed way for responsible and sustainable form of living, while operating in the midst of a systematically constrained world of neoliberal regimes.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a literature review, this essay first presents some basic understandings of prâxis, practices and its architecture as well as phrónêsis and its interconnection. Further, possibilities for integrating excellence in prâxis and success in poiêtic practice are suggested in form of a critical poiêtic phrónêsis, and some implications are outlined in conclusions.

Findings
Considering the systemic constrains of contemporary neoliberal regimes, this paper has shown the significance of a reviving the inter-relational nexus between prâxis, embodied practices, phrónêsis and sustainable action. An integral holonic approach of constrained prâxis was discussed, by which the macro-level is holonically connected to meso-level of likewise constrained practices to micro-level of action and vice versa. In particular, constrained excellence-oriented practical wisdom was connected with constraining result- and success- poiesis in a critical poietic phrónêsis and creative actions in inter-practices as part of inter-prâxis discussed.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is a meta-reflective paper and view point, but links to “prâxis-related research” are offered.

Practical implications
Some practical and political implications are provided.

Social implications
Some links to social and societal implications are discussed.

Originality/value
The proposed integration of prâxis, embodied practices, sustainable actions and practical wisdom for organisation and in relation to society is genuine and critical. It is orginal in that it provides possibilities to re-assess, re-vive and further investigate the relevance of embodied forms of an integral prâxis, practicing, phronesis and action in and through organizations as well as stakeholder towards a flourishing unfoldment.
Birth synchrony and postnatal growth inRhinolophus ferrumequinum(Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in two successive dry (2015) and wet year (2016) in a nursing colony in Kerend cave, western Iran
Authors: Eghbali Hojjat , Sharifi Mozafar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeasonality and synchrony of parturition and postnatal growth inRhinolophus ferrumequinumhave been studied in two consecutive years representing a typical dry (2015) and an extremely wet climatic event (2016) in Kerend cave, western Iran. In 2015, first pup was born on 20 May and by 10 days 85% of neonates were born. In the wet year, first pup was born on 26 May and by 10 days 56% of neonates were born. Synchrony of birth as defined by the clustering of births assessed by circular statistics showed that the angular variance in 2015 (S2= 0.003) was significantly (p< .05) lower than in 2016 (S2= 0.006). Multiple regression and generalized estimating equation indicate that the initial (y‐intercepts) forearm length and body mass were not significantly (p> .05) different between the 2 years, but the tests for parallelism shows a significant decrease in growth rates of body mass and forearm length in the wet year (p< .05). In 2016, juvenile bats began their first foraging flights at 24–28 days of age with higher but nonsignificant (p> .05) wing loading (7.71 ± 0.48 N/m2) compared with 2015 (7.65 ± 0.57 N/m2). Similarly, aspect ratio of 1‐day old neonates and juvenile bats in 2015 and 2016 did not show any significant difference (p> .05). Results of the present study suggest thatR. ferrumequinumresponded to prolonged precipitations and lower temperatures by delaying parturition, reducing birth synchrony and lowering postnatal growths.
Roy Jenkins and the Politics of Radical Moderation
Authors: NUTTALL JEREMY 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn light of the frequent contention, amidst Brexit and associated populism, that British politics needs to become both ideologically ‘bolder’, and better connected with a neglected public, the seemingly archetypally elitist centrist Roy Jenkins may seem a curiously outmoded subject. This assumption appears shared by historians, who have neglected him. However, this article suggests that if Jenkins was indeed a self‐described ‘moderate’, like many British so‐called moderates, he saw that very moderation as underpinning a progressive, and indeed in its way radical, vision. In particular, Jenkins argued that by synthesizing objectives sometimes seen as conflicting – social equality with individual freedom, the relief of poverty with the fostering of affluence – one achieved more socially transformative outcomes than through pronounced ideological conflict. He illuminates the achievements of this ‘radical centre’ in British politics, and the unresolved, yet still pertinent, dilemmas of the ideological balances it sought. The article also challenges Jenkins's status as the epitome of a disconnected British elite. He had, in fact, much to say about the importance of ordinary people in shaping political and social progress. He was also often sophisticated in perceiving the citizenry's complex mix of progressivism and conservatism, engagement and drift, a mix he displayed himself. Instead, then, of the presently fashionable narrative of elite politicians betraying a virtuous, disillusioned mass, Jenkins's case points to a more connected relationship between leaders and led, in their often shared collection of national vices, yet also virtues. Here, the country's problems, and the means to their solution, then as now, lie in a complex, collective ‘us’, not in a singular malign ‘Other’.
The Role of Boys as Domestic Servants, 1760–1830
Authors: DYER JENNY 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on a neglected cohort of the Georgian domestic labour force, boy servants. It considers the extent to which their presence and significance has been underestimated in wider studies of the servant world. Boys in household work were a minority within the small army of child servants but, during the second half of the eighteenth century, were found in all levels of servant‐employing households. The boys were invariably from poor or institutional backgrounds but the variety of households in which they served provides the historian with evidence of a remarkable range of experience and circumstance. They emerge as a distinct group within the wider servant body thanks to their versatility, the gendered nature of their role, and the public nature of their work which privileged their position in various ways.
The Remonstrance of the Army and the Execution of Charles I
Authors: HOLMES CLIVE 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHenry Ireton's Remonstrance of the Army has an assured place in the rich historiography of the English Civil War as a text that promises insights into the most revolutionary months of England's history. The document savagely criticizes the prospective settlement that the majority in Parliament, conservative in their constitutional and religious preferences, were discussing with Charles at Newport, and provides a justification for the army's subsequent interruption of those negotiations with Pride's Purge. It provides some outlines of a new republican constitution, which became the focus of subsequent debates between the army and the Levellers at Whitehall. Traditionally it has been read as requiring the trial and execution of the king. Recent studies have challenged such arguments: the Remonstrance suggested a route by which the king might be reintegrated into the government with a limited, figure‐head, role. This article argues that the army, inspired by the Remonstrance and by Ireton's emphasis within it on the need for the expiation of blood guilt, intended the trial to end with the capital punishment of the king.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucosyl Rebaudioside A and its Characterization as a Sweetener
Authors: Lee So‐Hyeon , Ko Jin‐A , Kim Hae‐Soo , Jo Min‐Ho , Kim Joong‐Su , Kim Doman , Cho Jeong‐Yong , Wee Young‐Jung , Kim Young‐Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRebaudioside A was modified via glucosylation by recombinant dextransucrase of Leuconostoc lactis EG001 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), forming single O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1″→6′) rebaudioside A with yield of 86%. O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1″→6′) rebaudioside A was purified using HPLC and Diaion HP‐20 and its properties were characterized for possible use as a food ingredient. Almost 98% of O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1″→6′) rebaudioside A was dissolved after 15 days of storage at room temperature, compared to only 11% for rebaudioside A. Compared to rebaudioside A, O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1″→6′) rebaudioside A showed similar or improved acidic or thermal stability in commercial drinks. Thus, O‐α‐D‐glucosyl‐(1″→6′) rebaudioside A could be used as a highly pure and improved sweetener with high stability in commercial drinks.Practical ApplicationThe proposed method can be used to generate glucosyl rebaudioside A by enzymatic glucosylation. Simple glucosyl rebaudioside A exhibited high acid/thermal stability and improved sweetener in commercialized drinks. This method can be applied to obtain high value‐added bioactive compounds by enzymatic modification.
Time Course of Blood and Brain Cytokine/Chemokine Levels Following Adolescent Alcohol Exposure and Withdrawal in Rats
Authors: Sanchez‐Alavez Manuel , Nguyen William , Mori Simone , Wills Derek N. , Otero Dennis , Aguirre Carlos A. , Singh Mona , Ehlers Cindy L. , Conti Bruno 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period for neural development, and alcohol exposure during adolescence can lead to an elevated risk for health consequences as well as alcohol use disorders. Clinical and experimental data suggest that chronic alcohol exposure may produce immunomodulatory effects that can lead to the activation of pro‐inflammatory cytokine pathways as well as microglial markers. The present study evaluated, in brain and blood, the effects of adolescent alcohol exposure and withdrawal on microglia and on the most representative pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and major chemokines that can contribute to the establishing of a neuroinflammatory environment.MethodsWistar rats (males, n = 96) were exposed to ethanol (EtOH) vapors, or air control, for 5 weeks over adolescence (PD22‐PD58). Brains and blood samples were collected at 3 time points: (i) after 35 days of vapor/air exposure (PD58); (ii) after 1 day of withdrawal (PD59), and (iii) 28 days after withdrawal (PD86). The ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‐1) was used to index microglial activation, and cytokine/chemokine responses were analyzed using magnetic bead panels.ResultsAfter 35 days of adolescent vapor exposure, a significant increase in Iba‐1 immunoreactivity was seen in amygdala, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra. However, Iba‐1 density returned to control levels at both 1 day and 28 days of withdrawal except in the hippocampus where Iba‐1 density was significantly lower than controls. In serum, adolescent EtOH exposure induced a reduction in IL‐13 and an increase in fractalkine at day 35. After 1 day of withdrawal, IL‐18 was reduced, and IP‐10 was elevated, whereas both IP‐10 and IL‐10 were elevated at 28 days following withdrawal. In the frontal cortex, adolescent EtOH exposure induced an increase in IL‐1β at day 35, and 28 days of withdrawal, and IL‐10 was increased after 28 days of withdrawal.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that EtOH exposure during adolescence produces significant microglial activation; however, inflammatory markers seen in the blood appear to differ from those observed in the brain.