bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Stages Repair of Hypospadias Using The Snodgrass Technique: A Modern Choice
Authors: Karn Binod , Shrestha N. M. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Proximal hypospadias with chordee is the most challenging variant of hypospadias to reconstruct. During the last 10 years, the approach to severe hypospadias has been controversial.Materials & Methods: This is a hospital based observational study conducted in the plastic surgery unit of department of surgery at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital Kohalpur from 2012 March to 2016 September. All patients underwent single staged procedures using Snodgrass technique.Results: Thirty three patients were operated. Twenty four patients had no complications. Single fistula was present in 6(18.18%) patients. Two (6.06%) patients had 2 fistulae; one at the original site of the hypospadias and the other was sub-coronal. One (3.03%) patient had moderate meatal stenosis, which was successfully treated by repeated dilatations.Conclusion: Single Staged procedure using the principles of Snodgrass's technique; is a versatile operation that can be used for the proximal hypospadias. It decreases the rate of fistula formation; disruption; stenosis and gives a satisfactory cosmetic appearance. JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 50-52
Study of Risk Factors of Stroke in Patients Admitted at Kohalpur Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shah Sanjib Kumar , Shah Sunil , Shah Sujeet Kumar , B.K. Shyam 
Published: October 2018

Background: Stroke is the major public health burden and the second major cause of death worldwide. This disease is common in old age persons, however the disease can also be seen in young persons. Identifying the modifiable risk factors of stroke may have contribution in prevention.Objective: The retrospective study was done to study risk factors of stroke in adult patients.Method and Material: This is a hospital based retrospective study conducted in Department of Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College and st th Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from the period of 1 January 2015 to 30 October 2016. A total of 119 patients were involved in this study. The diagnosis was confirmed using CT scan after taking history and performing clinical examination. Patients were then evaluated for the presence of both non-modifiable as well as modifiable risk factors. The data analysis was done using SPSS 13.0.Results: The mean age of the patient was 59.76±11.22. Among the collected patients, the higher percentage were male in comparison to female. Ischemic Stroke was more common than hemorrhagic stroke in our study. Other conventional risk factors were as follows: Alcohol use75(63%),cigarette smoking 70(58.8%), hypertension 60 (50.4%),diabetes 11(9.2%),previous vascular event 9(7.6%), heart disease 4(3.4%).Conclusions: Ischemic stroke was more common than hemorrhagic stroke; with alcohol use followed by smoking, hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the most common modifiable risk factors. Incidence of stroke increases with the age and the early recognition and management of the risk factors might reduce this major public burden. JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 53-55
Thyroid Dysfunctions Among Patients at Nepalgunj Medical College: A Hospital Based
Authors: BK Shyam Kumar , Baral Sushil , Bassi S. D. , Joshi S. D. , Gupta Sandeep , Shah Sujit Kr. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Thyroid disorders are prevalent and their manifestations are determined by the dietary iodine availability which is common in country. Thyroid dysfunction is common clinical finding among the people presenting to the hospital. Its prevalence increases with age. Screening of thyroid disease is advised in high risk population for the early diagnosis and treatment.Objective: Thyroid disfunction is most common clinical problem among male and female in Nepal. To find out thyroid disfunctions among patients at Nepalgunj Medical College.Methodology: This is a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Medicine, Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepal from January 2014 to June 2016 for the period of two years. A total of 200 patients who visited outpatient door with suspected thyroid disorders i.e. hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism or to rule out thyroid disorders got their thyroid function test. Serum TSH and fT3 /fT4 estimations were carried out by Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay method.Result: Among 200 subjects, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 20%. Females had more thyroid dysfunction than male. Hypothyroidism (15%) had higher prevalence compared to hyperthyroidism (5%). Higher prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was observed in patients between 14 - 45 years.Conclusion: This study revealed that hypothyroidism is predominant then hyperthyroidism. Females patients have more common thyroid dysfunction True population surveillance is difficult and hence, presently it was aimed to carry out hospital based study on the incidence of thyroid disorders. JNGMC, Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 66-69
BEAUTY AND MYSTERY OF GANDHARA ART
Authors: Rajput Shahid Ahmad 
Published: October 2018

This paper is a short history to establish the location, era and the main actors involved in the creation of a civilization what is generally known as Gandhara. It also includes a brief history of the Art and Architecture of Gandhara as the main feature and the beauty and mystery associated therein. Limitation of the length of paper will keep our discussion on three main centers as below. Necessary visual evidence is also included to justify the Beauty and the Mystery attached to the art of Gandhara for which this paper is initiated. Fact of the matter is that hundreds of books are written on Gandhara Civilization but this point “Beauty and Mystery of Gandhara” has hardly been addressed. This paper is therefore an attempt to fill the gap long felt by the author and last but not the least this paper is dedicated to the love and affection to the artwork of the monks who produced the Master Pieces of Gandhara, both in Stone and Stucco. The analysis is made according to the existing literature and author's own experience and interpretation. Researcher: A Research Journal of Culture and Society Vol. 3, No. 3, January 2018, Page: 1-12
Synthesis of Ni/YSZ based anode and investigation of effect of PVA as pore-former upon porosity, microstructure and thermal behavior for potential use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs)
Authors: Batool Mariah , Sattar Maria , Barki Ussama K. , Khan Zuhair S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study focuses on development of Nickel–Yttira Stabilized Zirconia (Ni/YSZ) based anode material by solid-state synthesis using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in varying weight concentrations (3 wt.% and 6 wt.%) both as a binder and as a pore-former. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction based structural and morphological analyses were performed and the synthesis of a homogeneous NiO/YSZ phase was confirmed after sintering at 1 000 °C. Microscopic study investigating effects of PVA concentration upon pore density in pellets pressed under the same conditions was conducted. Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis of the powders pre-dried at around 120 °C was carried out up to 1 000 °C to investigate the phase change and the thermal decomposition behavior. Findings on reduction of NiO/YSZ in a mixed atmosphere of H2/Ar at 550 °C are also discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that areal porosity of 12 % and 24 % was achieved with 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% of PVA, respectively.
Effect of B4C in Ti-6Al-4V matrix on workability behavior of powder metallurgy composites during cold upsetting
Authors: Thulasiram Ramkumar , Mani Selvakumar , Pandiarajan Narayanasamy , Pandiarajan Balasundar 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present research evaluates different weight percentages of nano-B4C incorporated into Ti-6Al-4V through a powder metallurgy technique. Nano-B4C weight percentage was set at 0 %, 5 %, and 10 % with a particle size of ≤100 nm. Cylindrical preforms with different initial preform densities were prepared using a suitable die and punch assembly. Further, the preforms were sintered in a muffle furnace with argon atmosphere at a temperature of 1 100 °C for a holding period of 1 hr. Cold deformation experiments were carried out using a 1 000 kN hydraulic press; incremental loading steps of 5 kN were applied on the preform until the first visible cracks appeared on the free surfaces. The experimental results have shown that the powder metallurgy composite with 10 % nano-B4C demonstrates higher densification properties such as axial stress, axial strain, hoop stress, hydrostatic stress, and Poisson's ratio.
Impact of Untimely Access to Formal Care on Costs and Quality of Life in Community Dwelling People with Dementia
Authors: Janssen Niels , Handels Ron L. , Sköldunger Anders , Woods Bob , Jelley Hannah , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Orrell Martin , Selbæk Geir , Røsvik Janne , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Marques Maria J. , Zanetti Orazio , Portolani Elisa , Irving Kate , Hopper Louise , Meyer Gabriele , Bieber Anja , Stephan Astrid , Kerpershoek Liselot , Wolfs Claire A.G. , de Vugt Marjolein E. , Verhey Frans R.J. , Wimo Anders ,   Consortium Actifcare
Published: November 2018

Background: Access to formal care is not always timely and a better understanding on the impact of untimely access is needed. Objective: To examine, from a societal perspective, the impact of untimely access to formal care in terms of total costs and quality of life over one year in community dwelling people with dementia. Methods: Within the Actifcare study, needs, resource use, and quality of life were observed for one year in a cohort of 451 community dwelling people with dementia in 8 European countries. Untimely access to care was operationalized as having at least one unmet need for care identified by the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) instrument. Two regression models were built for both total costs and quality of life measured by the EQ-5D-5L, one using sum of unmet needs and one using a predefined selection of need items. Results: Unmet needs were not associated with higher total costs but they were associated with a lower quality of life of people with dementia. Of all CANE items, only an unmet need for “company” was significantly related to lower total costs. Conclusion: Total costs did not seem to differ between participants with unmet and met needs. Only few associations between specific unmet needs and costs and quality of life were found. Furthermore, quality of life of people with dementia decreases when multiple unmet needs are experienced, indicating that assessing and meeting needs is important to improve quality of life.
Distinct White Matter Changes Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β1-42 and Hypertension
Authors: Al-Janabi Omar M. , Brown Christopher A. , Bahrani Ahmed A. , Abner Erin L. , Barber Justin M. , Gold Brian T. , Goldstein Larry B. , Murphy Ronan R. , Nelson Peter T. , Johnson Nathan F. , Shaw Leslie M. , Smith Charles D. , Trojanowski John Q. , Wilcock Donna M. , Jicha Gregory A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and hypertension (HTN) are risk factors for development of white matter (WM) alterations and might be independently associated with these alterations in older adults. Objective: To evaluate the independent and synergistic effects of HTN and AD pathology on WM alterations. Methods: Clinical measures of cerebrovascular disease risk were collected from 62 participants in University of Kentucky Alzheimer’s Disease Center studies who also had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling and MRI brain scans. CSF Aβ1-42 levels were measured as a marker of AD, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging and diffusion tensor imaging were obtained to assess WM macro- and microstructural properties. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationships among WM alterations, cerebrovascular disease risk, and AD pathology. Voxelwise analyses were performed to examine spatial patterns of WM alteration associated with each pathology. Results: HTN and CSF Aβ1-42 levels were each associated with white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Also, CSF Aβ1-42 levels were associated with alterations in normal appearing white matter fractional anisotropy (NAWM-FA), whereas HTN was marginally associated with alterations in NAWM-FA. Linear regression analyses demonstrated significant main effects of HTN and CSF Aβ1-42 on WMH volume, but no significant HTN×CSF Aβ1-42 interaction. Furthermore, voxelwise analyses showed unique patterns of WM alteration associated with hypertension and CSF Aβ1-42. Conclusion: Associations of HTN and lower CSF Aβ1-42 with WM alteration were statistically and spatially distinct, suggesting independent rather than synergistic effects. Considering such spatial distributions may improve diagnostic accuracy to address each underlying pathology.
Even a very intense exposure to TV advertising promoting fruit consumption is not enough to make children eat more fruit: results from an experimental study in Italy
Authors: Vecchio Maria Gabriella , Nikolakis Apostolia , Galasso Francesca , Baldas Solidea , Gregori Dario 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVE: The consumption of fruits and vegetables is important for a healthy lifestyle. The intake of fruits and vegetables is recommended to be at least 5 portions/per day, but currently, less than 15% of children between the ages of 4–8 years reach that consumption level. How to promote and increase fruit consumption in children is still an open issue. This study aimed to experimentally assess the efficacy of intense pro-fruit advertising on actual consumption in children during snacking. STUDY DESIGN: The study was conducted on 12 children (ages 6–10 years) exposed to a 9-minute movie containing a total of 3.30 minutes of advertising (25% of the total time). Advertising was classified as healthy if the message focused on fruit and vegetable consumption and as unhealthy if it focused on hypercaloric foods. Children were randomized to have equicaloric snacks of apples in slices (packaging of 80 grams) or chips (25 grams) in four groups of three children each: fruit-healthy ads, fruit-unhealthy ads, chips-healthy ads, and chips-unhealthy ads. RESULTS: No significant differences ( p = 0.762) were found regarding kcal intake deriving from fruit consumption among the group exposed to chip advertising (20.20 kcal mean difference, 95% C.I. 1.01–32.93). Overall, children had a higher consumption of chips (11.35 grams, 0–22.86) than fruit (0 grams, 0.00–44.91). CONCLUSIONS: Even an intense exposure to TV advertising for fruits and vegetables did not increase the consumption of fruit during snack time. More innovative approaches may be necessary to stimulate the intake of fruits and vegetables in children.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI SOCIAL MARKETING DINAS KOPERASI DAN UMKM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT SENTRA INDUSTRI MANIK-MANIK DI KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Raikhani Agus , Sari Linda Ratna , Hamidia Nida 
Published: October 2018

Social Marketing merupakan slogan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang implementasinya memberikaan keberdayaan masyarakat mengaktualisasikan ide, gagasan, berkarya dan berkembang dalam meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Kebijakan pemerintah berperan sebagai pendampingan melalui kebijakan yang diteruskan melalui kemitraan. Metode pengolahan dan penyajian data hasil penelitian melalui analisis SWOT digambaran dalam bentuk uraian kalimat yang logis dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya. Dari menganalisis kekuatan kelemahan internal dan peluang ancaman eksternal, bertujuan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sentra industri manik-manik di desa Gambang Kecamaan Gudo kabupaten Jombang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis matrik SWOT menunjukkan bahwa sentra industri manik-manik memiliki peluang sebesar-besarnya. Pada strategi kombinasi SWOT diketahui nilai SO sebagai nilai tertinggi, artinya strategi tersebut memiliki ketepatan strategi yang tinggi pula. Pada diagram kartesius terletak di kuadran I pada titik (0,15;1,37) artinya industri manik-manik pada kondisi pertumbuhan. Hal ini terbukti bahwa efektifitas strategi Social Marketing Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM yang dilakukan terhadap masyarakat sentra industri manik-manik dalam kurun waktu dua tahun terakhir mampu membantu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sebesar 20%. Untuk itu, pemerintah bersama masyarakat sentra industri manik-manik terus berupaya untuk menerapkan strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi ini dan mendukung kebijakan pertumbuhan yang agresif.
PENGARUH KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA DAN FORCE MAJEUR TERHADAP KREDIT BERMASALAH PNPM MANDIRI PEDESAAN DI KECAMATAN TROWULAN KABUPATEN MOJOKERTO
Authors: Dinaloni Diah , Putri Intan Cahyaning 
Published: October 2018

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh keberlanjutan usaha dan force majeur terhadap kredit bermasalah PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan di Kecamatan Trowulan Kabupaten Mojokerto secara parsial maupun simultan. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh keberlanjutan usaha dan force majeur terhadap kredit bermasalah PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan di kecamatan Trowulan Kabupaten Jombang secara parsial maupun simultan. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari hasil uji t dimana nilai t hitung pada variabel keberlanjutan usaha adalah 4,416 dan nilai t hitung pada variabel force majeure adalah 5,027. Kedua hasil t hitung pada masing-masing variabel tersebut lebih besar dari t tabel (1,681), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh variabel keberlanjutan usaha dan force majeure terhadap kredit bermasalah secara parsial . Dari uji F diperoleh nilai F hitung sebesar 45,775 lebih besar dari F tabel (3,21), maka disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh variabel keberlanjutan usaha dan force majeure terhadap kredit bermasalah secara simultan. Dari tabel model Summary dapat diketahui bahwa pengaruh variabel keberlanjutan usaha dan force majeure terhadap kredit bermasalah adalah sebesar 68,6%. Dan sisanya sebesar 31,4% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model regresi.
Analisis Pengaruh Penambahan Berat Badan, Kadar Hemoglobin, Dan Riwayat Penyakit Ibu Selama Hamil Dengan Berat Bayi Lahir Pada Kondisi Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) (Study Observasi di RSIA Fauziyah Tulungagung)
Authors: Kholidati Ratna 
Published: October 2018

Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami pada sebagian besar masyarakat yang ditandai dengan berat lahir yang kurang dari 2500 gram. Kejadian BBLR pada dasarnya berhubungan dengan kurangnya pemenuhan nutrisi pada masa kehamilan ibu dan hal ini berhubungan dengan banyak faktor dan lebih utama pada masalah perekonomian keluarga sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan konsumsi makanan pun kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan berat badan, kadar hemoglobin, dan riwayat penyakit ibu selama hamil dengan berat bayi lahir pada kondisi berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR). Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik melalui survei dengan menggunakan observasi. Observasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan kartu status ibu atau berkas rekam medis. Sampel pada penelitiaan ini adalah seluruh bayi yang lahir di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Fauziyah Tulungagung pada bulan Maret 2016 sebanyak 30 bayi. Pengukuran variabel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert. Tehnik sampling menggunakan sampling jenuh. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan untuk hipotesa pengaruh secara sendiri-sendiri dilihat dari thitung antara penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil (X1), kadar hemoglobin (X2), riwayat penyakit (X3)dengan t tabel , ada variabel yang tidak berhubungan secara signiftikan dengan BBLR (Y) yaitu penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil (X1), kadar hemoglobin (X2). Sedangkan untuk faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi BBLR (Y) adalah riwayat penyakit (X3). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Riwayat penyakit yang diderita oleh ibu pada kehamilan akan mempengaruhi pada plasenta, dimana menyebabkan penurunan aliran darah ke plasenta sehingga akan terjadi kekurangan suplai oksigen dan bahan makanan yang dibutuhkan oleh janin, dan ini menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan janin. Oleh sebab itu perlu Meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan dan lebih memfungsikan sarana prasarana yang tersedia di tempat kesehatan.
Étude expérimentale de la distribution des alcalins K, Rb, Cs et des alcalino-terreux Ca, Sr, Ba, entre albite cristallisée et fondue et solution saline hydrothermale
Authors: Delbove François 
Published: October 2018

On étudie, aux températures de 800° et 890° C, et à la pression de x 500 bars, les équilibres de partage de K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr et Ba entre solution hydrothermale et albite, cristallisée puis fondue. On en déduit les coefficients de partage D entre albite cristallisée et albite fondue : 1,4 • 10-1 (K) ; 1,45 • 10 (Rb) ; 8. 10-3 (Cs) ; 3,85 (Ca) ; 11,45 (Sr) ; 4,05 (Ba).
Une analyse thermodynamique faisant appel à la loi de Henry et l'observation de la fonction — RTLn D montrent que le caractère magmatophile des alcalins, qui croît avec leur rayon, est à relier à la difficulté croissante que présente leur substitution dans le réseau de l'albite cristallisée. Ce facteur joue également pour les alcalino-terreux, mais il est contrebalancé par une énergie de stabilisation voisine de 3 RT, ce qui rend compte de leur caractère magmatophobe.
Ceci permet de prévoir le comportement de ces éléments dans des processus magmatiques mettant en jeu des feldspaths autres que l'albite.
Ces prévisions se trouvent assez bien vérifiées par les observations reportées dans la littérature sur les évolutions géochimiques dans les systèmes granitiques naturels.
Données nouvelles dans l'étude minéralogique de résines fossiles de France
Authors: Savkevitch Sviatoslav-S. , Popkova Tatiana N. 
Published: October 2018

Les résines fossiles, en particulier l'ambre, ne peuvent pas être caractérisées par les méthodes classiques utilisées pour l'étude des minéraux. L'utilisation de nouvelles méthodes physiques et physico-chimiques permet d'envisager maintenant leur caractérisation.
On compare ici les spectres IR dans le domaine 1 900-700 cm-1 d'une série de résines fossiles provenant de France, et on en déduit leur classification en plusieurs espèces distinctes.
Toucher l’autre sur scène : corps en contact dans les comédies de Plaute
Authors: François-Garelli Marie-Hélène 
Published: October 2018

Touching the Others on Stage : Bodies in Contact in Plautus’ Comedies.
There is a wide variety of dramatic situations that may bring a character of a Plautinian comedy to touch one of his partners during the play. These communication situations are framed by a dialogue which gives them a specific meaning. Physical contact often involves an attempt of moral, social, sexual dominance. The variants highlight the ambivalence of these scenes and place emphasis on the numerous possibilities of diversion of ordinary situations. In this context, dialogue plays a major role in placing violence at a distance through derealization, that results from excess and humorous discrepancy.