bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Static Stretching and Foam Rolling on Ankle Dorsiflexion Range of Motion
Authors: SMITH JASON CHADWICK , WASHELL BRANDI R. , AINI MARY FRANCES , BROWN SYDNEY , HALL MACGREGOR C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTStatic stretching (SS) has been used for inducing acute and long-term increases in range of motion (ROM). Foam rolling (FR) has recently gained popularity for acutely increasing ROM. However, the long-term effects of FR on ROM have not been thoroughly evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the acute and long-term changes in dorsiflexion ROM as a result of 6 wk of FR, SS, and FR followed by SS (FR + SS).MethodsParticipants (n= 44) were randomly assigned to FR, SS, and FR + SS groups. The FR group foam rolled the triceps surae. The SS group performed a wall stretch for both legs. The FR + SS group performed FR immediately followed by SS. All groups completed 12 training sessions in 6 wk. Dorsiflexion ROM was assessed before and after the first training session, before the second session of week 3, before and after the last session in week 6, and at week 7.ResultsThere was a 4.0% acute increase in ROM at week 6 (P= 0.004) for all three groups. ROM increased 8.4% from week 3 to week 7 for all three groups (P< 0.001). When comparing week 1 baseline to week 7, ROM increased 18.3% for all three groups (P= 0.003).ConclusionSS and FR seem to be comparable in terms of increasing dorsiflexion ROM acutely as well as after 6 wk of training for healthy, university-age participants. FR combined with SS does not seem to provide a synergistic effect on improving dorsiflexion ROM.
The Reconstitution of W′ Depends on Both Work and Recovery Characteristics
Authors: CAEN KEVIN , BOURGOIS JAN G. , BOURGOIS GIL , VAN DER STEDE THIBAUX , VERMEIRE KOBE , BOONE JAN 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different work and recovery characteristics on the W′ reconstitution and to test the predictive capabilities of the W′BAL model.

Methods
Eleven male participants (22 ± 3 yr, 55 ± 4 mL·kg−1⋅min−1) completed three to five constant work rate tests to determine CP and W′. Subsequently, subjects performed 12 experimental trials, each comprising two exhaustive constant work rate bouts (i.e., WB1 and WB2), interspersed by an active recovery interval. In each trial, work bout characteristics (P4 or P8, i.e., the work rate predicted to result in exhaustion in 4 and 8 min, respectively), recovery work rate (33% CP or 66% CP), and recovery duration (2, 4, or 6 min) were varied. Actual (W′ACT) and model-predicted (W′PRED) reconstitution values of W′ were calculated.

Results
After 2, 4, and 6 min recovery, W′ACT averaged 46% ± 2.7%, 51.2% ± 3.3%, and 59.4% ± 4.1%, respectively (P = 0.003). W′ACT was 9.4% higher after recovery at 33% CP than at 66% CP (56.9% ± 3.9% vs 47.5% ± 3.2%) (P = 0.019). P4 exercise yielded a 11.3% higher W′ACT than P8 exercise (57.8% ± 3.9% vs 46.5% ± 2.7%) (P = 0.001). W′ACT was higher than W′PRED in the conditions P4-2 min (+29.7%), P4-4 min (+18.4%), and P8-2 min (+18%) (P < 0.01). A strong correlation (R = 0.68) between the rate of W′ depletion and W′ recovery was found (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that both the work and recovery characteristics of a prior exhaustive exercise bout can affect the W′ reconstitution. Results revealed a slower W′ reconstitution when the rate of W′ depletion was slower as well. Furthermore, it was shown that the current W′BAL model underestimates actual W′ reconstitution, especially after shorter recovery.
In-Hospital outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with concomitant severe chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Sattar Saadia , Ahmed Naseer , Akhter Zohaib , Aijaz Saba , Lakhani Shakir , Malik Rehan , Pathan Asad 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in acute coronary syndrome (AMI) patients with underlying severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from June’2013-December’2017 at Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi. Data was drawn from institutes’ database modeled after US National Cardiovascular data CathPCI registry. All AMI (STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction and NSTEMI: non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) patients undergoing PCI with creatinine clearance <30ml/min or ESRD on hemodialysis were included in the study.
Results: During 54 months study period, 160 severe CKD patients underwent PCI. Mean age was 62.9±12.2 years. Men were 61.9%, hypertensive (81.3%) and diabetic (63.8%). Excluding dialysis patients, Creatinine clearance was 21.1±6.6ml/min/1.73m2. STEMI were 46.9% and 61.9% were Killip I. Mean SYNTAX score was 16.6±7.3. MACE occurred in 32.5% patients, of which 6(11.5%) had new hemodialysis and mortality: 17.5% were deceased. MACE predictor were cardiogenic shock (OR: 2.81, 95%CI: 1.17-6.74) and prior heart failure (OR: 6.84, 95%CI: 1.39-33.74), Predictor of mortality was cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest (OR: 7.90, 95%CI: 2.95-21.17).
Conclusion: Severe CKD patients undergoing PCI for AMI have drastically poor outcomes therefore individualization and patient-centric care management is mandatory.
How to cite this:Sattar S, Ahmed N, Akhter Z, Aijaz S, Lakhani S, Malik R, et al. In-Hospital outcomes in acute coronary syndrome patients with concomitant severe chronic kidney disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):291-297. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.276
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation in combination with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of elderly patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Cui Limin , Liu Haixia , Sun Lei 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of multidisciplinary comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation in combination with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in the treatment of elderly patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods: Eighty-eight elderly patients with severe COPD who were admitted by the hospital between February 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled and grouped into a control group (n=29), intervention Group-A (n=30) and intervention Group-B (n=29) according to random sampling. Patients in the control group were given medicines and oxygen therapy; intervention Group-A was given NIPVV in addition to medicines and oxygen therapy; intervention Group-B was given multidisciplinary comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation in addition to the treatment as the intervention Group-A. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, body mass index, BODE index score (airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index), scoring of quality of life and arterial blood gas analysis were performed before treatment and in the 3rd month after treatment.
Results: The maximum exercise power (Wmax), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), six minutes walking distance (6MWD), modified British Medical Research Council (MMRC), BODE index, score of quality of life, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) of intervention Group-A and b were significantly improved after treatment (P<0.05); the differences with the control group had statistical significance (P<0.05). The improvement of 6MWD, MMRC, score of quality of life, PaO2 and PaCO2 of intervention Group-B was superior to that of intervention Group-A. (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Multidisciplinary comprehensive respiratory rehabilitation in combination with NIPPV can further relieve dyspnea of patients, enhance exercise tolerance and quality of life, and facilitate recovery; hence it is worth application and promotion.
How to cite this:Cui L, Liu H, Sun L. Multidisciplinary respiratory rehabilitation in combination with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of elderly patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):500-505. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.459
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic Hepatitis C genotype 3a in Pakistani population - A real world experience
Authors: Butt Zamir , Shah Syed Muhammad Ali 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives: Pakistan is among leading countries of world in prevalence of chronic hepatitis C Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir is recommended for treatment of CHC. The purpose of study was to determine the sustained virological response in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C genotype 3a irrespective of previous treatment experience or presence of liver cirrhosis.
Methods: Open label observational study was conducted at ABSTH Gujrat from January 2017 to April 2018 using non-probability purposive sampling. Patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus having genotype 3a irrespective of presence of cirrhosis or previous treatment experience were included. Treatment naive patients without cirrhosis were given 12 weeks regimen of daily daclatasvir 60mg along with daily sofosbuvir 400mg. Patients with either compensated cirrhosis or treatment experienced were given 24 weeks regimen of daily daclatasvir 60mg along with daily sofosbuvir 400mg with weight based ribavirin. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.0
Results: Total 125 patients were included in study out of which 42 (33.6%) were male and 83 (66.4%) were female. Early virological response and end treatment response was achieved by 124 (99.2%) patients. Twenty four patients were lost to further follow-up and SVR24 was available for 101(80.8%) patients out of which 48 were having cirrhosis and 53 were without cirrhosis. SVR24 was achieved by 96 patients (95%). Virological response was better in treatment naive patients and without cirrhosis compared to treatment experienced and those with cirrhosis.
Conclusion: Daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir is an effective combination in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3a infection.
How to cite this:Butt Z, Shah SMA. Daclatasvir plus Sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin in patients with chronic Hepatitis C genotype 3a in Pakistani population - A real world experience. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):409-413. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.637
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Consumption of energy drinks among Turkish University students and its health hazards
Authors: Borlu Arda , Oral Belgin , Gunay Osman 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine the awareness, consumption patterns of energy drinks (ED) and health hazards among students at a Turkish University.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by questionnaire method between in 2017 among Erciyes University students. Total 1257 students from the Faculties of Medicine, Communication and Physical Education and Sports College participated in the study. Pearson chi-square test, binary logistic regressions were used for statistical analysis. p <0.05 values were considered significant.
Results: Students who tried at least once and consumed regularly ED were 52.5% and 15.7% respectively. Consuming regularly and trying ED were more common among students who were studying at Physical Education and Sports High school, male, smoking, alcohol consumer, doing regular physical activity. Mean age of students to start drinking ED was 15.1 years. Most common reason for ED consumption was; staying awake. Alcohol mixed energy drinks consumption rate was 37.6% among regular ED consumers. Most declared harmful effect was palpitation.
Conclusion: ED consumption among Erciyes University students was widespread. Students should be informed about EDs’ hazards for health. Legal regulations regarding production, marketing and advertising of EDs must be reconsidered.
How to cite this:Borlu A, Oral B, Gunay O. Consumption of energy drinks among Turkish University students and its health hazards. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):537-542. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.638
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among Saudi adults
Authors: Parrey Mujeeb Ur Rehman , Elmorsy Ekramy 
Published: March 2019

Background & Objectives: Refractive Errors (RE) are responsible for major portion of the treatable visual impairment and avoidable blindness in the world. The prevalence of RE varies with age, gender, ethnicity, geographical locations and also from time to time due to progresse in eye care services. We aimed to study the prevalence of RE and assess their patterns among Saudi adults of Arar city, the capital of Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. A total number of 966 Saudi adults aged 16 to 39 years were enrolled. The patterns of their RE were studied through auto-refraction evaluation.
Results: The prevalence of RE was 45.8%. The most frequent type of RE was myopia in 24.4%, followed by hyperopia 11.9% and astigmatism in 9.5% cases. Ages and genders significantly affect the prevalence of the different patterns of RE (0.033 and 0.012, respectively).
Conclusion: The prevalence of RE in Arar city is slightly lower than that previously published in the same targeted age group. Myopia is the main RE. More awareness programs, especially among young adults are recommended for better outcomes.
Abbreviations: RE: Refractive Error, SE: Spherical Equivalent, VA: Visual Acuity, VI: Visual Impairment.
How to cite this:Parrey MUR, Elmorsy E. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among Saudi adults. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):394-398. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.648
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Raising tuberculosis awareness in the primary care environment
Authors: Silvester Sue , Beckett Gail , Supermanian Sharwend 
Published: March 2019

While tuberculosis may no longer be a leading cause of death in the UK, it is still a global health concern. Sue Silvester, Gail Beckett and Sharwend Supermanian describe how it is investigated, diagnosed and treated and its implications in primary care Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection that can cause disease in any part of the body; it is infectious when there is pulmonary involvement. World TB Day is on 24 March every year – it is a day to raise awareness and focus our minds on the ultimate aim of TB eradication. To achieve this aim it is essential for all health professionals to understand the disease processes – how TB is acquired, transmitted, diagnosed and treated (in order to execute effective prevention and control strategies) – as well as their role in supporting specialist TB teams.
Incorporating individualised care into UK diabetes guidelines
Authors: Holmes Patrick 
Published: March 2019

In the third and final article in this series, Patrick Holmes describes how the position statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes could impact and influence guidelines in the UK The goals of care for type 2 diabetes are to optimise quality of life and prevent complications of the condition. The 2015 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on the management of hyperglycaemia looks significantly out of date when considering the emerging evidence of the benefits that sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and some glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor have on reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure admissions and improved renal outcomes, when compared to the usual ‘standard of care’ based on other medications. The recent publication of the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statement points to greater individulisation of care focused on an individual's comorbidities and their preferences for treatment. The changes are most pronounced in patients living with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease.
Development of Reference Materials for Noninvasive Prenatal Aneuploidy Testing by Massively Parallel Sequencing: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Blais Jonatan , Giroux Sylvie , Caron André , Clément Valérie , Rousseau François 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Noninvasive prenatal aneuploidy testing (NIPT) represents the first large-scale clinical application of massively parallel sequencing technology. However, no NIPT reference material (RM) has yet been widely adopted, impeding the development of quality management systems and standardization. Developing an NIPT RM from a biological sample is complicated by the low concentration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), which implies pooling specimens and frequent resampling.

Methods
We tested the feasibility of using DNA from immortalized cell lines of a woman and her aneuploid offspring to spike an artificial plasma matrix. Enzymatic fragmentation of extracted DNA was optimized to achieve fragment size profiles with a mode of 150 to 200 bp, similar to biological cfDNA. This synthetic material was compared with routine biological samples from pregnant women by a targeted NIPT assay in a multiplex sequencing run on a Proton platform.

Results
Sequencing statistics were similar between artificially prepared material and routine biological samples, as well as relative chromosomal representation, and no matrix effects could be detected. Estimate of fetal fraction (FF) was within the range of expected value, and aneuploidy detection statistic (z-score) was also comparable between both types of samples.

Conclusions
Artificial plasma spiked with DNA from cell lines of mother and offspring is a promising strategy for developing NIPT RM. This type of material would offer the advantage of a constant and stable composition, allowing for greater standardization of NIPT assays. Moreover, it preserves the parental relatedness used by targeted assay to estimate FF by identification of paternal alleles in single-nucleotide polymorphisms or other variable regions.
The creation of the Portuguese general staff: Origins, reasons and results, 1834–1911
Authors: Loi Stefano 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this article is to describe the long and winding path that covers most of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries that led Portugal’s republican political leadership to create an army general staff. This path, which covers the period of the constitutional monarchy during the nineteenth century to the republican revolution of 1910, attempts to determine the reasons that led the leadership of the constitutional monarchy to create a different corps – the general staff – that shared only a part of the functions with the army general staff. To assess the reason for the delay in creating this corps, the political reasons given by the new republican leadership will be considered as the trigger determining the creation of a general staff that was consistent with that of other European powers, and of Germany in particular, and that could also respond to the peculiar military needs of the new Portuguese republic.
Revolutions negotiated in Portuguese songwriting and performance
Authors: Rendeiro Margarida 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article examines the poetic use of the revolution in four songs written and played by the Portuguese rapper Sam the Kid, the bands The Soaked Lamb, Os Quais, and The Loafing Heroes. Despite these songs showing aesthetic and formal differences, the revolution is a common trope to discuss the post-revolutionary nation. The Portuguese singers did not experience the revolution because they were born in the 1970s. A close analysis of these compositions suggests that the revolution is part of the collective imaginary and stands as the moment utopia could have been made real in Portugal. In times of crisis, the revolution emerges as the impetus to change and 1974 becomes the Portuguese appropriation of utopia in the twenty-first century. Rap, bossa nova, indie and roots emerge as legitimate musical genres to discuss postmodern times and the post-revolutionary nation. In ‘Abstenção’ (‘Abstention’) (released by Sam the Kid in 2006) and in ‘Palhaços’ (‘Clowns’) (released by The Soaked Lamb in 2012), the present is gloomy and the memory of the Carnation Revolution is appropriated to give voice to the dispossessed of the Portuguese democracy and offered to make amends with the memory of the failed revolutionary solutions. ‘Meu Caro Amigo Chico’ (‘My Dear Friend Chico’) (released by Os Quais in 2012) and ‘The Shepherd’ (released by The Loafing Heroes in 2014) are compositions where the crisis of utopia is redeemed to reconfigure the conceptual limits of individualism and the body, an extension of the world, becomes the unchartered territory of utopia.
Fighting depopulation in Portugal: Local and central government policies in times of crisis
Authors: Almeida Maria Antónia Pires de 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
During one of the worst economic crises that Portugal has faced in the last decades, with a considerable debt to deal with, emigration, population loss, ageing and unemployment afflicted our economy and society, particularly in rural territories. The aim of this article is to access the main local and central government policies to fight depopulation and territorial inequalities, and their attempts at sustainable development. What remains in the Portuguese inland regions and how is it being addressed by the few who still believe in life outside the cities? What is the role of local government in the sustainable development of the territory? All over the country, and particularly in rural areas, there is an urgent need to attract people and investment (Almeida 2017a). What are the main issues addressed by the central government to deal with this problem? For this research, a database was built with the political programmes of the 308 mayors elected in 2013, which were subject to a thorough analysis, and the new socialist government recently approved National Programme for Territorial Cohesion, aimed at promoting a more balanced territorial planning. This article describes the demographic situation and compares the municipalities’ economic strategies. The results are yet to be observed, but these new local and central policies at least reflect a change of paradigm from the social-democrat coalition government (2011–15) and introduce a discourse of hope for inland regions, even if the political time of each government (four-year terms) is never enough to solve such complex issues.