bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dense but flexible wood – How leaf nodes impact xylem mechanics in Juglans californica
Authors: Bergman Brett A. , Bobich Edward G. , Davis Stephen D. , Utsumi Yasuhiro , Ewers Frank W. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA node is the point of attachment of the leaf to the stem of a plant; gaps associated with nodes have been viewed as discontinuities of the stem vascular system. We tested the hypothesis that the node/gap is a spring-like joint that impacts stem flexibility even well after the leaves have been shed, with some stems specialized for elongation and others for flexibility. Four-point bending tests were done using an Instron Mechanical Testing Device with the independent variable being the number of nodes in the stem segment and dependent variables being Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), and xylem density. Node anatomy was examined microscopically to assess structure and function. The stiffness of the stem was inversely proportional to the frequency of leaf nodes. Surprisingly, xylem density was inversely proportional to the frequency of leaf nodes in stems of adult trees. The tissue around nodes/gaps consisted of twisted and contorted cells that may be effective at absorbing compressive and tensile stresses. Because nodes behave as spring-like joints, the frequency of nodes relates to function, with some stems specialized for vertical expansion and others for light capture and damping of wind stress. The ultimate stems on a tree are the most bendable, which may allow the trees to avoid breakage.
Wood anatomy of Bischofia: notes on fossil woods referred to this genus
Authors: Oskolski Alexei A. , Stepanova Anna V. , Huang Luliang , Jin Jianhua 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The taxonomic position of fossil woods suggested to be related to Bischofia is reassessed based on the examination of the wood anatomy of recently collected samples of its two modern species (B. javanica and B. polycarpa). Woods of B. palaeojavanica from the middle Pliocene of India, and B. javanoxyla from the early Miocene of northern Taiwan have features of extant B. javanica. In contrast, the Eocene Bischofia maomingensis (South China) differs from Bischofia in a number of features and we propose a new combination Chadronoxylon maomingensis (Feng et Jin) Oskolski, Stepanova, Huang et Jin. Bischofia palaeojavanica from the latest Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene Deccan Intertrappean Beds, India, and all other pre-Miocene woods assigned to Bischofia differ from extant Bischofia in vessel diameters, vessel element lengths, intervessel pit sizes, position of vessel-ray pits, and/or abundance of sheath cells in rays. Therefore, their generic position must be reconsidered, and there is no reliable record of Bischofia wood older than Miocene.
Verification of Short-Range Weather Forecasts (A Survey of the Literature)† I.
Authors: Muller Robert Hans 
Published: August 2018

In a survey of literature on short-range forecasting 69 items were found which contained discussions of verification. Of these only 55 seemed of sufficient importance to warrant summarization. The articles ranged in length from less than one page to nearly a hundred pages. Only 22 of the articles summarized were written in English; 26 were in German, 3 in French, 2 in Dutch, 1 in Russian, and 1 in Danish. The date of the earliest article was 1884, and that of the most recent one, 1943. Half of the articles were published before 1913, the other half after 1920.
The introductory part of this article is intended to provide a bird's eye view of the writings on verification of short-range forecasts and should serve as a guide to the more detailed summaries, which appear chronologically arranged in Section II. The summaries are numbered from 1 to 55, and these numbers are used whenever reference is made in the introduction to the summaries.
It should be understood that the sole purpose of the summaries is to spare future investigators the trouble of having to locate and consult every article. However, the summaries will merely serve to indicate whether or not a jriven article is relevant to the problem under investigation; they are not to be taken as complete abstracts of the contents.
Notes on the Origin and Structure of Philippine Typhoons
Authors: Deppermann, S.J. Charles E. 
Published: August 2018

References to previous papers by the author show that his ideas on typhoon origin and structure contain the following main elements:(a) Strong surface convergence of two or more humid air streams.(b) Strong upward convection in a rather narrow ring near typhoon center, giving a warm inner core, and conditions favoring a modified Rankine vortex.(c) The formation of an upper front, roughly funnel-shaped.(d) Possible divergence aloft, especially a fast upper current to dispose of the rising core air and partially at least controlling the pressure gradient and size of the convection ring.
These ideas are subjected to approximate mathematical treatment, giving satisfactory magnitudes for pressure gradients and proper shape of pressure curve.
A short discussion is given of what are considered the most essential elements determining typhoon origin and structure.
Assessment of Numerical Weather Prediction Model Reforecasts of the Occurrence, Intensity, and Location of Atmospheric Rivers along the West Coast of North America
Authors: Nardi Kyle M. , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs)—narrow corridors of high atmospheric water vapor transport—occur globally and are associated with flooding and maintenance of the water supply. Therefore, it is important to improve forecasts of AR occurrence and characteristics. Although prior work has examined the skill of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models in forecasting atmospheric rivers, these studies only cover several years of reforecasts from a handful of models. Here, we expand this previous work and assess the performance of 10–30 years of wintertime (November–February) AR landfall reforecasts from the control runs of nine operational weather models, obtained from the International Subseasonal to Seasonal (S2S) Project database. Model errors along the west coast of North America at leads of 1–14 days are examined in terms of AR occurrence, intensity, and landfall location. Occurrence-based skill approaches that of climatology at 14 days, while models are, on average, more skillful at shorter leads in California, Oregon, and Washington compared to British Columbia and Alaska. We also find that the average magnitude of landfall integrated water vapor transport (IVT) error stays fairly constant across lead times, although overprediction of IVT is common at later lead times. Finally, we show that northward landfall location errors are favored in California, Oregon, and Washington, although southward errors occur more often than expected from climatology. These results highlight the need for model improvements, while helping to identify factors that cause model errors.
Further Improvements to the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme Using Tropical Cyclone Rainfall and Structural Features
Authors: Shimada Udai , Owada Hiromi , Yamaguchi Munehiko , Iriguchi Takeshi , Sawada Masahiro , Aonashi Kazumasa , DeMaria Mark , Musgrave Kate D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme (SHIPS) is a multiple regression model for forecasting tropical cyclone (TC) intensity [both central pressure (Pmin) and maximum wind speed (Vmax)]. To further improve the accuracy of the Japan Meteorological Agency version of SHIPS, five new predictors associated with TC rainfall and structural features were incorporated into the scheme. Four of the five predictors were primarily derived from the hourly Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) reanalysis product, which is a microwave satellite-derived rainfall dataset. The predictors include the axisymmetry of rainfall distribution around a TC multiplied by ocean heat content (OHC), rainfall areal coverage, the radius of maximum azimuthal mean rainfall, and total volumetric rain multiplied by OHC. The fifth predictor is the Rossby number. Among these predictors, the axisymmetry multiplied by OHC had the greatest impact on intensity change, particularly, at forecast times up to 42 h. The forecast results up to 5 days showed that the mean absolute error (MAE) of the Pmin forecast in SHIPS with the new predictors was improved by over 6% in the first half of the forecast period. The MAE of the Vmax forecast was also improved by nearly 4%. Regarding the Pmin forecast, the improvement was greatest (up to 13%) for steady-state TCs, including those initialized as tropical depressions, with slight improvement (2%–5%) for intensifying TCs. Finally, a real-time forecast experiment utilizing the hourly near-real-time GSMaP product demonstrated the improvement of the SHIPS forecasts, confirming feasibility for operational use.
Vasopressin Administration Is Associated With Rising Serum Lactate Levels in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Severson Kristen A. , Ritter-Cox Laura , Raffa Jesse D. , Celi Leo Anthony , Gordon William J. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Vasopressin is used in conjunction with norepinephrine during treatment of patients with septic shock. Serum lactate is often used in monitoring of patients with sepsis; however, its importance as a therapeutic target is unclear. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship of vasopressin use on serum lactate levels in patients with sepsis. Methods: This study uses electronic heath records available via the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III. Patients were required to have a serum lactate monitoring during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The treatment was the administration of vasopressin between hours 3 and 18 of the ICU stay. Analysis was performed using a matched design. Results: Patients receiving vasopressin were more likely to have their serum lactate levels rise when compared to matched patients who did not receive vasopressin (odds ratio: 6.6; 95% confidence interval: 3.0-14.6, P < .001). Patients who received vasopressin had a median increase in serum lactate of 0.3 mmol/L, while patients who did not receive vasopressin had a median decrease in serum lactate of 0.7 mmol/L ( P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between the control and treated groups’ lactate trajectories prior to possible administration of vasopressin ( P = .15). The results did not change significantly when norepinephrine initiation was used as the index time. Conclusions: In patients with sepsis, the administration of vasopressin was associated with a statistically significant difference in lactate change over the course of 24 hours when compared to matched patients who did not receive vasopressin.
Long-Term Outcome After Operative Management of Talus Fractures
Authors: Vints Wouter , Matricali Giovanni , Geusens Eric , Nijs Stefaan , Hoekstra Harm 
Published: August 2018

Background: Controversies remain regarding the preferred treatment strategy for talus fractures. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome after operative management of talus fractures. Secondarily, we identified those factors that affected the outcome and defined strategies to improve the outcome. Methods: This is a retrospective outcome study of 84 patients with an average follow-up time of 9.1 years. We assessed the functional results, return to daily activities, and general health status using the Foot Function Index-5pt, a numeric rating scale for pain, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey. Furthermore, we conducted a correlation analysis between the outcomes and 14 demographic, clinical, and radiologic variables. Results: We found moderate mean Foot Function Index pain and disability scores of 30.2 and 28.7, respectively. The mean numeric rating scale score was 3.2. Of all responders, 41% (27/66) did not return to their daily activities. We reported low physical, but good mental, Short Form-36 component summary scores of 42.7 and 48.3, respectively. We recorded a complication rate of 56%. Osteoarthritis, articular incongruence and talus body fractures correlated significantly with a poorer functional outcome. Delayed surgery after trauma was associated with better outcome measures. Conclusions: Talus fractures have a major long-term impact on ankle and hindfoot function and on physical health. Success of operative treatment depends on the occurrence of osteoarthritis postoperatively, type of fracture, and quality of fracture reduction. Because only the latter is modifiable, efforts should be made to restore articular congruence in order to improve the outcome. Therefore, we recommend reviewing the quality of the reduction postoperatively on CT. Furthermore, talus fractures should not be considered operative emergencies, but rather treated after recovery of the soft-tissues. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.
Implant Removal Matrix for the Foot and Ankle Orthopaedic Surgeon
Authors: Kaiser Philip B. , Watkins Ian , Riedel Matthew D. , Cronin Patrick , Briceno Jorge , Kwon John Y. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Orthopaedic surgery frequently requires the use of metal plate and screw constructs for osteosynthesis. These constructs may be subsequently removed for a variety of indications. In the lower extremity in particular, implants (ie, hardware) can lead to prominence and pain secondary to a thin soft-tissue envelope with little subcutaneous tissue. Often, removal is performed without knowledge of the exact type of screw head configuration and/or size, which can make removal technically challenging. The purpose of this study is to consolidate screw head sizes and configurations from commonly utilized orthopaedic foot and ankle implant manufacturers matched against 2 commonly used universal implant removal sets to aid in the expeditious removal of hardware. Methods: Orthopaedic manufacturers of foot and ankle–specific implants were included based on market share. Publicly available information on screw size, head configuration, and driver size was collected and recorded. This information was cross-referenced against the drivers available in 2 commonly utilized universal implant removal sets. Results: Seven foot and ankle implant manufacturers were included. The data were compiled in table format according to manufacturer and subcategorized by noncannulated screws, cannulated screws, and locking screws. Conclusion: Many factors affect the success of hardware removal, and it is imperative that the surgeon knows which drivers are compatible with the implanted hardware. The expanding magnitude and diversity of orthopaedic implants makes removal of hardware more challenging. A guide of compatible drivers for various screw types helps expedite this procedure. Levels of Evidence: Level V
Mechanisms of exercise limitation in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: Dias Olívia Meira , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Ferreira Jeferson George , Cardenas Letícia Zumpano , Pennati Francesca , Salito Caterina , Carvalho Carlos Roberto Ribeiro , Aliverti Andrea , Pereira de Albuquerque André Luis 
Published: August 2018

Small airway and interstitial pulmonary involvements are prominent in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP). However, their roles on exercise limitation and the relationship with functional lung tests have not been studied in detail.Our aim was to evaluate exercise performance and its determinants in cHP. We evaluated maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing performance in 28 cHP patients (forced vital capacity 57±17% pred) and 18 healthy controls during cycling.Patients had reduced exercise performance with lower peak oxygen production (16.6 (12.3–19.98) mL·kg−1·min−1versus25.1 (16.9–32.0), p=0.003), diminished breathing reserve (% maximal voluntary ventilation) (12 (6.4–34.8)%versus41 (32.7–50.8)%, p<0.001) and hyperventilation (minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope 37±5versus31±4, p<0.001). All patients presented oxygen desaturation and augmented Borg dyspnoea scores (8 (5–10)versus4 (1–7), p=0.004). The prevalence of dynamic hyperinflation was found in only 18% of patients. When comparing cHP patients with normal and low peak oxygen production (<84% pred, lower limit of normal), the latter exhibited a higher minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production slope (39±5.0versus34±3.6, p=0.004), lower tidal volume (0.84 (0.78–0.90) Lversus1.15 (0.97–1.67) L, p=0.002), and poorer physical functioning score on the Short form-36 health survey. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that reduced lung volumes (forced vital capacity %, total lung capacity % and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon dioxide %) were high predictors of poor exercise capacity.Reduced exercise capacity was prevalent in patients because of ventilatory limitation and not due to dynamic hyperinflation. Reduced lung volumes were reliable predictors of lower performance during exercise.
Metformin added to bosentan therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart defects: a pilot study
Authors: Liao Shutan , Li Dongsheng , Hui Zheng , McLachlan Craig S. , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2018

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a common complication of a congenital heart defect (CHD). Recent studies suggest metformin may be a potential drug to improve cardiac function in PAH. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of short-term treatment with a combination regimen consisting of bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients as compared with bosentan monotherapy in a prospective, randomised study.Patients with PAH-CHD were randomised to receive bosentan (initially at 62.5 mg twice daily for 4 weeks and then 125 mg twice daily) for 3 months with or without the combination treatment of metformin (500 mg twice daily).93 patients were enrolled to bosentan monotherapy (n=48) or bosentan/metformin combination treatment (n=45). After 3 months, both treatments significantly improved World Health Organization functional class, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and right heart haemodynamic parameters. The improvements in 6MWD and pulmonary vascular resistance index were significantly greater in patients treated with combination therapy than in those who received monotherapy (mean±sd95±136versus48±119 m (p=0.017) and −1.8±1.2versus−1.2±1.3 Wood units per m2(p<0.001), respectively). Pulmonary endothelin (EDN)1 was significantly decreased after combination therapy (p=0.006). However, plasma EDN1 levels were not affected.Combination therapy with bosentan and metformin in PAH-CHD patients provides improvements in important outcomes such as exercise capacity and pulmonary haemodynamics, compared with bosentan alone.
Feasibility of sentinel lymph node fluorescence detection during robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery in early endometrial cancer: a prospective case series
Authors: Mereu Liliana , Pellegrini Alice , Carlin Roberta , Terreno Erica , Prasciolu Claudia , Tateo Saverio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
In the last few decades, the introduction of technologies such as single-site surgery, robotics, and sentinel lymph node detection has reduced invasiveness in the treatment and staging of endometrial cancer patients. The goal of the present prospective cohort study is to evaluate the feasibility of lymph node fluorescence detection with robotic single-site approach in low-risk endometrial cancer.

Results
Fifteen non consecutive low-risk endometrial atypical hyperplasia (EAH) patients underwent sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy and total hysterectomy utilizing the Da Vinci Si Single-Site Surgical. System and Firefly 3D imaging. Indications for surgery included eight (53.3%) IA FIGO stage G1 EC, three (20%) IA FIGO stage G2 EC, and four (26.6%) EAH. Mean operative time was 155 min (range 112–175). One vaginal laceration was the only perioperative complication encountered, and all patients were discharged within 48 h of surgery.
SLN was detected in 86.6% of cases; 1/29 (3.4%) SLN results were positive for isolated tumor cells (ITCs) at immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of robotic single-site approach with SLN fluorescence detection for the staging of low-risk endometrial cancer.
Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Zheng Fanfan , Zhong Baoliang , Song Xiaoyu , Xie Wuxiang 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of persistent depressive symptoms on the trajectory of cognitive decline.AimsWe aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the duration of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period.MethodThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort is a prospective and nationally representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. We examined 7610 participants with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002–2003) and wave 2 (2004–2005), cognitive data at wave 2 and at least one reassessment of cognitive function (wave 3 to wave 7, 2006–2007 to 2014–2015).ResultsThe mean age of the 7610 participants was 65.2 ± 10.1 years, and 57.0% were women. Of these, 1157 (15.2%) participants had episodic depressive symptoms and 525 participants (6.9%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants without depressive symptoms at wave 1 and wave 2, the multivariable-adjusted rates of global cognitive decline associated with episodic depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms were faster by –0.065 points/year (95% CI –0.129 to –0.000) and –0.141 points/year (95% CI –0.236 to –0.046), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Similarly, memory, executive and orientation function also declined faster with increasing duration of depressive symptoms (all P for trend < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Cumulative exposure of long-term depressive symptoms in elderly individuals could predict accelerated subsequent cognitive decline in a dose-response pattern.Declaration of interestNone.
Dimitris Plantzos, Το πρόσφατο μέλλον: Η κλασική αρχαιότητα ως βιοπολιτικό εργαλείο [The recent future: Greek antiquity as a biopolitical apparatus]
Authors: Lekakis Stelios 
Published: August 2018

Review of Dimitris Plantzos, Το πρόσφατο μέλλον: Η κλασική αρχαιότητα ως βιοπολιτικό εργαλείο [The recent future: Greek antiquity as a biopolitical apparatus]. Athens: Nefeli, 2016. 272 pp.
Haris Εxertzoglou, Εκ δυσμών το φως; Εξελληνισμός και οριενταλισμός στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (μέσα 19ου αιώνα-αρχές 20ού αιώνα) [From the West comes the light? Hellenisation and orientalism in the Ottoman Empire, mid-19th–early 20th centuries]
Authors: Dialla Ada A. 
Published: August 2018

Review of Haris Εxertzoglou, Εκ δυσμών το φως; Εξελληνισμός και οριενταλισμός στην Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία (μέσα 19ου αιώνα-αρχές 20ού αιώνα) [From the West comes the light? Hellenisation and orientalism in the Ottoman Empire, mid-19th–early 20th centuries]. Athens: Ekdoseis tou Eikostou Protou, 2015. 256 pp.