bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Flipped Classroom on Knowledge Acquisition and Retention in an Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Graham Kelly L. , Cohen Amy , Reynolds Eileen E. , Huang Grace C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBackground The flipped classroom is a teaching approach with strong evidence for effectiveness in undergraduate medical education. Objective data for its implementation in graduate medical education are limited.Objective We assessed the efficacy of the flipped classroom compared with standard approaches on knowledge acquisition and retention in residency education.Methods During academic year 2016–2017, 63 medical interns in a large academic internal medical residency program on their ambulatory block were randomized to a flipped classroom or standard classroom during a 6-hour cardiovascular prevention curriculum. The primary outcome was performance on a 51-question knowledge test at preintervention, immediate postintervention, and 3- to 6-month postintervention (delayed postintervention). Secondary outcomes included satisfaction with the instructional method and preparation time for the flipped classroom versus standard approach. We also examined feasibility and barriers to the flipped classroom experience.Results All 63 interns (100%) responded during the preintervention period, 59 of 63 (94%) responded during the postintervention period, and 36 of 63 (57%) responded during the delayed postintervention. The flipped classroom approach significantly improved knowledge acquisition immediately after the curriculum compared with the standard approach (knowledge test scores 77% versus 65%, P &lt; .0001). This effect was sustained several months later (70% versus 62%, P = .0007). Participants were equally satisfied with the flipped classroom and standard classroom.Conclusions A flipped classroom showed greater effectiveness in knowledge gain compared with a standard approach in an ambulatory residency environment.
O jornalismo sob o prisma de gênero: discurso e produção de sentidos na relação texto-leitor
Authors: Stocker Pâmela Caroline 
Published: January 2019

Concebendo gênero como uma categoria analítica, epistemológica e perpassada pelo conceito de poder (SCOTT, 1995; BONETTI, 2011) e o jornalismo e sua relação com os leitores lócus privilegiado de produção e circulação de valores culturais em nossa sociedade, este estudo ampara-se nos estudos feministas pós-estruturalistas e no aporte teórico-metodológico da Análise de Discurso (AD) para analisar os sentidos produzidos pelos leitores em 927 comentários no Facebook oriundos de duas reportagens jornalísticas que tratam sobre identidade de gênero e transexualidade. Observando essa relação entre texto e leitor sob o prisma de gênero, percebeu-se que os sentidos ligados à empatia surgiram apenas a partir da reportagem construída com viés mais próximo ao que denominamos como valores do feminino. Ao abrir espaço para a subjetividade e para a emoção, o texto produziu sentidos relacionados à empatia em mais de 44% do público, abrindo brechas de encontro com o Outro.
A mídia e sua relação com os movimentos sociais pelo direito à terra: “criminalização e estrutura de poder”
Authors: Zuin Aparecida Luzia Alzira 
Published: January 2019

Este trabalho analisa a criminalização dos movimentos sociais pela luta à terra por meio dos discursos midiáticos manifestados em três jornais eletrônicos de maior circulação em Rondônia. A escolha investigativa recaiu sobre a Liga Camponesa dos Pobres (LCP) e o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), em razão da representatividade política e atuação histórica conquistadas por esses movimentos no Estado. Para os estudos, categorizou os discursos mais reincidentes sobre eles, sendo terroristas, vândalos e cangaceiros, para analisá-los interdisciplinarmente, à luz da Comunicação e Semiótica, e do Direito à Terra. A metodologia com abordagem qualitativa caracterizou-se com base nos referenciais teórico-bibliográficos, de cunho documental e iconográfico dispostos nos referidos jornais. Segundo pressuposto das análises, pode-se concluir que os conflitos no campo em Rondônia e o crescente índice de homicídios de agricultores militantes da LCP e do MST têm relações com a criminalização exposta na mídia.
Keep your enemies closer: enhancing biological control through individual movement rules to retain natural enemies inside the field
Authors: Delattre Thomas , Collard Blanche , Lavigne Claire 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Biological control of pests aims at lowering population levels of pest species by favouring natural enemies, in order to reduce the use of pesticides. The movement behaviour of natural enemies is decisive in the success of biological control: when low habitat quality hinders the diffusion of natural enemies from the border, the density of natural enemies may frequently be heterogeneous inside agricultural plots. We hypothesise that the specific relationship between habitat quality and movement behaviour may allow the improvement of biological control by means of a careful allocation of habitat qualities inside and around the plot. We used three tested individual-based movement models, with different levels of complexity ranging from simple cell-to-cell movements to complex strategies including the sinuosity of the path, boundary crossings, perceptual range, and directional persistence. We used the models to explore how the manipulation of habitat quality may allow significant improvements to the residence time of natural enemies inside the field. We suggest that existing field designs are generally inadequate to retain natural enemies. Mechanistic explanations leading to the highest and lowest residence times are used to draw specific management recommendations.
Assessment of cardiotoxicity in hormone positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Faheim Reham M. , El-Shaarawy Eman A. , Salem Dina A. , Shaaban Rehab G. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) represent an effective endocrine treatment for hormone receptor-positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients with early stage or metastatic disease.Objective: Assessment of Cardiotoxicity in Hormone positive Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Patients receiving AIs (upfront orswitch therapy).Methods: This cross sectional study included 123 postmenopausal breast cancer patients presented to the Clinical Oncology Department, Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) in the interval from August 2016 to June 2017 with hormone receptor positive receiving Aromatase Inhibitors, To assess cardiotoxicity in these patients, they were subjected to blood pressure and lipid profile measurement, electrocardiography (ECG), and electrocardiography (ECHO) and classified into patients had Nolvadex then A.I (arm 1) and others had upfront A.I (arm 2).Results: The age of patients ranged from 41 years to 85 years with mean age of 61 years. Seventy one patients (57.7%) showed cardiotoxicity as assessed by ECHO. They showed significant correlation with rising age above 62 years, IHD, history of HTN and DM (p value: .001, .001, .017 and 0.035 respectively). However, correlation between cardiotoxity and blood pressure changes, lipid profile changes and ECG findings and ECHO changes in switch therapy and upfront A.I were not statistically significant (p value = .275, .116, .081 and .761 respectively).Conclusion: Assessment of cardiotoxicity in hormone positive postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving Aromatase Inhibitors showed evidence of cardiotoxicity in half the patients (57.7%) as detected by ECHO only. They showed statistically non significant correlations either recievied switch therapy or upfront A.I.
Aggregating animal welfare indicators: can it be done in a transparent and ethically robust way?
Authors: Sandøe P , Corr SA , Lund TB , Forkman B 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA central aim of animal welfare science is to be able to compare the effects of different ways of keeping, managing or treating animals based on welfare indicators. A system to aggregate the different indicators is therefore needed. However, developing such a system gives rise to serious challenges. Here, we focus specifically on the ethical aspects of this problem, taking as our starting point the ambitious efforts to set up an aggregation system within the project Welfare Quality® (WQ). We first consider the distinction between intra- and inter-individual aggregation. These are of a very different nature, with inter-individual aggregation potentially giving rise to much more serious ethical disagreement than intra-individual aggregation. Secondly, we look at the idea of aggregation with a focus on how to compare different levels and sorts of welfare problems. Here, we conclude that animal welfare should not be understood as a simple additive function of negative or positive states. We also conclude that there are significant differences in the perceived validity and importance of different kinds of welfare indicators. Based on this, we evaluate how aggregation is undertaken in WQ. The main conclusion of this discussion is that the WQ system lacks transparency, allows important problems to be covered up, and has severe shortcomings when it comes to the role assigned to experts. These shortcomings may have serious consequences for animal welfare when the WQ scheme at farm or group level is applied. We conclude by suggesting ways to overcome some of these shortcomings.
Effects of table tennis multi-ball training on dynamic posture control
Authors: Gu Yaodong , Yu Changxiao , Shao Shirui , Baker Julien S. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundPrior to the 2017 table tennis season, each participant performed the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral the star excursion balance test (SEBT) reach distances in a randomized order. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of table tennis multi-ball training and dynamic balance on performance measures of the SEBT for the male and female.MethodsThe limb lengths of the 12 table tennis athletes were measured bilaterally in the study. Besides warm-up end, the data of this study were recorded at a regular interval at approximately 16 min for the entire multi-ball training session, and they were defined as Phase I, Phase II, Phase II, respectively. The Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale was used to document the degree of physical strain.ResultsReaching distances showed a decrease with training progression in all directions. Compared with the male table tennis athletes, the females showed poorer dynamic posture control, particularly when the free limb was considered with the right-leg stance toward posterolateral and posteromedial directions in phase I.DiscussionThis study suggests that during table tennis multi-ball training the male should have a regulatory protocol to compensate the deficit observed in phase II, but the females should be given the protocol in phase I.
Reducing suggestibility to additive versus contradictory misinformation in younger and older adults via divided attention and/or explicit error detection
Authors: Umanath Sharda , Ries François , Huff Mark J. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryYounger and older adults are more suggestible to additive (not originally included) versus contradictory (a change to the original) misleading details. Only suggestibility to contradictory misinformation can be reduced with explicit instructions to detect errors during exposure to misinformation. The present work examines how to reduce suggestibility to additive misinformation and whether attentional resources at exposure similarly influence additive and contradictory misinformation. During the misleading question phase, attention and error detection were manipulated. Participants answered the questions under full or divided attention, and some were instructed to mark detected errors. On the final test, additive misinformation was endorsed more than contradictory misinformation despite equivalent error detection. However, dividing attention reduced suggestibility for additive misinformation, whereas successful error detection showed evidence of reducing contradictory misinformation, providing further evidence for the dissociation between these types of misinformation. Additionally, dividing younger adults' attention did not consistently result in a pattern paralleling older adults.
Superhydrophobic Coatings from Beeswax‐in‐Water Emulsions with Latent Heat Storage Capability
Authors: Naderizadeh Sara , Heredia‐Guerrero José Alejandro , Caputo Gianvito , Grasselli Silvia , Malchiodi Annalisa , Athanassiou Athanassia , Bayer Ilker S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBeeswax particles are homogenously emulsified in commercial aqueous polymer dispersion, without additional dispersing agents and surfactants. Emulsions display very good stability with wax droplet size distribution around 350 nm. The wax to polymer ratio in the emulsions can be tuned without compromising emulsion stability. The emulsions are spray coated in order to create either hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coatings. For superhydrophobicity, silica nanoparticles are dispersed in the emulsions at different concentrations. Beeswax‐rich coatings such as the ones with 1:1 beeswax:polymer ratio or more, including the superhydrophobic ones, demonstrate promising latent heat storage characteristics, suitable for thermal management applications. Electron microscopy studies show that as a result of emulsification, the polymer encapsulates the wax droplets/particles as a nanothin shell, preventing a major problem related to low melting point phase change materials referred to as leaching. Hence, the coatings can be heated well above the melting point of beeswax (≈62 °C) and can still demonstrate effective heat storage during the cooling stage. This water‐based coating process using ecofriendly material constituents can easily be scaled up and used in responsive coating applications, ranging from electronics to interior or exterior structural buildings requiring efficient energy management and thermal energy savings.
Visible Light Metasurfaces Assembled by Quasiperiodic Dendritic Cluster Sets
Authors: Chen Huan , Zhao Jing , Fang Zhenhua , An Di , Zhao Xiaopeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPeriodic metasurfaces have achieved various light manipulations. However, the preparation of those responding in visible waveband still encounters many constraints. Inspired by the idea of the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm, a quasiperiodic dendritic cluster set metasurface is proposed where the cluster is used as the unit instead of cell that is used as the unit in the periodic metasurface. By gradually changing the theoretical model from periodic to quasiperiodic structure and the dendritic cluster sets prepared through a bottom‐up electrochemical deposition method from disordered to quasiperiodic distribution, the simulation and experimental results show that, when the two both resonate in visible light, the quasiperiodic cluster set metasurface can produce nearly the same abnormal optical responses as those produced by the periodic metasurfaces, and this metasurface is isotropic. The experiments show that the sample can generate an anomalous spin Hall effect of light in a red light band. This anomalous manipulation of angular momentum of light enables the metasurface to be applicable to the fields of quantum optics and information. This method establishes a new means for developing optical metasurfaces.
Broadband Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on Vertical Ga2O3/GaN Nanowire Array with High Responsivity
Authors: He Tao , Zhang Xiaodong , Ding Xiaoyu , Sun Chi , Zhao Yukun , Yu Qiang , Ning Jiqiang , Wang Rongxin , Yu Guohao , Lu Shulong , Zhang Kai , Zhang Xinping , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBroadband ultraviolet (BUV) photodetectors responding to the multiband spectrum can effectively reduce false alarm rates and improve the accuracy and versatility of detection systems in various situations. A high‐responsivity BUV photodetector based on vertical Ga2O3/GaN nanowire array is proposed and demonstrated. Ga2O3/GaN nanowires are obtained by partially thermally oxidizing GaN nanowires grown by molecular beam epitaxy and used to combine with a monolayer graphene film to form graphene/Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction. Moreover, the oxidation mechanism of GaN nanowires is further investigated by the developed thermal oxidation model. The fabricated devices exhibit excellent performance with a broadband spectral response of exceeding 550 A W−1 at −5 V and a fast‐response speed in the millisecond range, which can be attributed to the optical properties of vertical nanowire array structure and the internal gain mechanism of graphene/Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction.
Development and Empirical Testing of a Novel Team Leadership Assessment Measure: A Pilot Study Using Simulated and Live Patient Encounters
Authors: Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Bullard Mark J. , Jones Kerin A. , Welsh Laura , Brolliar Sarah M. , Levine Benjamin R. , Grand James A. , Fernandez Rosemarie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTeam leadership is critical to health care resuscitation team performance. There has been increased focus on competency in team leadership behaviors; however, there is still variability in how team leadership is assessed within emergency medicine. The objective of this study was to develop and pilot a novel team leadership assessment measure for emergency medicine resuscitation teams.MethodsTeam leadership dimensions and associated behaviors were identified through a systematic literature review and expert consensus. Included behaviors were used to create behaviorally anchored rating scales, which were then revised based on subject matter expert ratings. Four raters from three different academic institutions observed 30 video‐recorded resuscitations (20 simulated and 10 actual patient care resuscitations). Mean leadership scores were calculated. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for each item and for overall leadership scores. Leader scores for the simulation‐based scenarios were compared to external variables including level of training, team process, clinical performance, and team situational awareness. The study was conducted from July 2017 through June 2018.ResultsLeadership scores ranged from 2.23 to 4.30 (mean [±SD] = 3.18 [±0.50]). The ICC for the overall score was 0.79 for all observations, 0.87 for simulation‐based observations, and 0.24 for the patient care observations. Team leadership scores on simulation‐based observations did not correlate with available external variables.ConclusionsWe developed a novel team leadership assessment measure for emergency medicine resuscitation teams with supporting validity evidence, including content validity and response process. The measure demonstrated acceptable inter‐rater reliability when applied to simulation‐based medical resuscitations; however, this did not translate to trauma resuscitations in the actual patient care setting.
Length‐based assessment of larval lamprey population structure at differing spatial scales
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Gallagher Tara , Rooney Sean M. , O'Gorman Nicola , Coghlan Brian , King James J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Perspectives on lamprey management contrast between pest control in the US Great Lakes and species conservation in the Pacific Northwest, New Zealand, and Europe. Five lamprey species are listed in the European Union (EU) Habitats Directive (HD) as requiring conservation measures. Assessments of HD ‘conservation status’ for these lampreys mainly target the larval (ammocoete) stage.
Larval lamprey populations can be assessed by evaluating presence or absence, density and demographic structure in riverine samples. Demographic structure has typically been described from length–frequency data using qualitative approaches and the statistical assignment of age classes. Length‐based indicators (LBIs) may provide a more rapid and flexible framework.
The demographic structure of a fish population can be described by univariate length metrics: length range (LRANGE) and 90th percentile of length (L90). This study used a pooled data set from seven Irish catchments to estimate a reference point (RP) value for each metric corresponding to a healthy larval lamprey population. Two LBIs were then derived that can be estimated for an observed (OBS) population as LBIRANGE = LRANGE_OBS/LRANGE_RP and LBI90 = L90_OBS/L90_RP.
Simulated lamprey population length structures, representing a range of status values, were used to develop a reference gradient (RG) to support population assessment using LBIs. The assessment framework was applied to each of the seven Irish catchments, and also to subcatchment and sampling‐site scales within the Barrow system. The LBIs and RG suggested that most catchments had favourable conservation status overall, whereas smaller assessment scales revealed a spread of status values.
The proposed framework allows the rapid assessment of demographic structure and comparison across systems. There is potential to track states across sampling sites, events, and legislative reporting cycles, and to interpret change in relation to the local environment. The general approach may be adaptable for other fish species monitored during juvenile stages.
Dielectric Relaxation and Beyond Limiting Behavior of Alternating‐Current Conductivity in a Supermolecular Ferroelectric
Authors: Tong Yuan‐Bo , Tian Zheng‐Fang , Duan Hai‐Bao , Zhu Zhong‐Peng , Hong Tian‐Yu , Zhao Shun‐Ping , Yang Jing‐Kui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA cyclen‐based hybrid supermolecule crystal, [(FeCl2)(cyclen)]Cl (1), where cyclen=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane, was prepared using a liquid–liquid diffusion approach. The variable crystal structures exhibit that compound 1 belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system, Pna21 space group (point group C2V) in the temperature range of 150–400 K. This hybrid supermolecule shows a dielectric relaxation behavior around room temperature, and the ferroelectric nature of 1 has been directly verified by hysteresis measurements. In addition, the AC (alternating current) conductivity study reveals that the 1 displays a beyond limiting behavior. These interesting findings are for the first time reported in the field of supermolecular ferroelectrics. This study may open a new way to construct supermolecular ferroelectrics and give insights into their conductor behavior.
Comparative detection method of early onset cytokine‐induced stress in β‐cells (INS‐1E)
Authors: Beukes Natasha , Levendal Ruby‐Ann , Prinsloo Earl , Frost Carminita 
Published: January 2019

Abstractβ‐Cells contain a prominent endoplasmic reticulum (ER), disrupting ER homeostasis and function, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Currently, no direct protocols measure the UPR initiation. Current methods to measure ER stress include the quantification of nitric oxide (NO) (indirect method), Western blotting, and qRT‐PCR of downstream components. However, these methods do not account for the overlap with mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, INS‐1E cells were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines to induce ER stress, as determined using NO, thioflavin T (ThT) binding, and β‐cell functionality (insulin production). ER stress was confirmed through the upregulation of CHOP. Cell viability was monitored using MTT, sulforhodamine B, and the xCELLigence system. Morphological changes were monitored using electron microscopy. IL‐1β exposure‐induced β‐cell stress after 4 H, decreased insulin levels, and increased thioflavin binding were noted. Increased NO production was only detected after 10 H, highlighting its lack of sensitivity, and the need for a continuous, selective, rapid, convenient, and economical detection method for early onset of ER stress. Standard methods (MTT and NO) failed to detect early ER stress. The xCELLigence coupled with a functional assay such as the detection of insulin levels or ThT are better predictors of ER stress in INS‐1E cells.