bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and spectroscopic study of transition metal complexes of tridentate ligand formed by direct condensation of o-vanillin and 2-aminophenol: X-ray structural characterization of the zinc(II) complex
Authors: Gueye Amadou , Tamboura Farba Bouyagui , Planeix Jean-Marc , Gruber Nathalie , Gaye Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

The reactions of the Schiff base 2-((2-hydroxyphenylimino)methyl)-6-methoxyphenol (H2L), obtained by direct condensation of 2-aminophenol and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, with some transition metal ions (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II)) afforded complexes of general formulae [M2(L)2(solvent)x] (M: Mn, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn; Solvent: DMSO or H2O). These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopies, molar conductivity and room temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of zinc(II) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for C32H34N2O8S2Zn2 (M =769.47 g/mol): Orthorhombic, space group Pbca (no. 61), a = 16.3176(7) Å, b = 9.1247(3) Å, c = 21.8274(10) Å, V = 3250.0(2) Å3, Z = 4, T = 173(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 1.658 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.573 g/cm3, 28116 reflections measured (4.5° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 60.3°), 4457 unique (Rint = 0.0409, Rsigma = 0.0371) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0307(0.0466) and wR2 was 0.0649 (0.0701) (all data). The coordination sphere of the Zn center is best described as a trigonal bipyramid.
Morbid Obesity Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Wound Complications and Infection After Lower Extremity Soft-tissue Sarcoma Resection
Authors: Houdek Matthew T. , Hevesi Mario , Griffin Anthony M. , Wunder Jay S. , Ferguson Peter C. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Obesity is associated with wound complications after lower extremity surgery. Excision of soft-tissue sarcomas is urgent, and unlike the elective surgery, obesity cannot be modified preoperatively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of obesity on treatment outcome.

Methods:
Six hundred fifty-three patients (343 men; mean age, 56 ± 18 years) with a lower extremity soft-tissue sarcoma were reviewed. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.1 ± 5.7 kg/m2, with 189 obese patients (29%) having a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 and 27 morbidly obese patients (4%) having a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2. Complications and functional and oncologic outcomes were compared between groups.

Results:
Two hundred eighty-five patients (40%) sustained a postoperative complication, most commonly a dehiscence (n = 175; 24%) and infection (n = 147; 21%). On multivariate analysis, morbid obesity was associated with wound complications (P = 0.002) and infection (P = 0.01). Morbid obesity was not associated with local tumor recurrence (P = 0.56). No difference was found in the mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (P = 0.11) or Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (P = 0.41) scores between the groups.

Discussion:
Morbid obesity was associated with postoperative wound complications and infection. However, after surgery, obese patients can expect no difference in oncologic outcome, with an excellent functional result.
Lower Complication Rate Following Ankle Fracture Fixation by Orthopaedic Surgeons Versus Podiatrists
Authors: Chan Jeremy Y. , Truntzer Jeremy N. , Gardner Michael J. , Bishop Julius A. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Increased overlap in the scope of practice between orthopaedic surgeons and podiatrists has led to increased podiatric treatment of foot and ankle injuries. However, a paucity of studies exists in the literature comparing orthopaedic and podiatric outcomes following ankle fracture fixation.

Methods:
Using an insurance claims database, 11,745 patients who underwent ankle fracture fixation between 2007 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Patient data were analyzed based on the provider type. Complications were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes, and revision surgeries were identified by the Current Procedural Terminology codes. Complications analyzed included malunion/nonunion, infection, deep vein thrombosis, and rates of irrigation and débridement. Risk factors for complications were compared using the Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results:
Overall, 11,115 patients were treated by orthopaedic surgeons and 630 patients were treated by podiatrists. From 2007 to 2015, the percentage of ankle fractures surgically treated by podiatrists had increased, whereas that treated by orthopaedic surgeons had decreased. Surgical treatment by podiatrists was associated with higher malunion/nonunion rates among all types of ankle fractures. No differences in complications were observed in patients with unimalleolar fractures. In patients with bimalleolar or trimalleolar fractures, treatment by a podiatrist was associated with higher malunion/nonunion rates. Patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons versus podiatrists had similar comorbidity profiles.

Discussion:
Surgical treatment of ankle fractures by orthopaedic surgeons was associated with lower rates of malunion/nonunion when compared with that by podiatrists. The reasons for these differences are likely multifactorial but warrants further investigation. Our findings have important implications in patients who must choose a surgeon to surgically manage their ankle fracture, as well as policymakers who determine the scope of practice.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study
Ashur
Authors: Frahm Eckart 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Ashur (modern Qal‛at Širqāṭ, located 110 km south of Mosul on the right bank of the Tigris), was the religious, and for much of its history, the political center of the land of Assyria. The city's beginnings can be traced back to the third millennium
bce
. Ashur suffered major destruction by Median troops in 614
bce
but remained an important local town until the Sasanian conquest.
Hermopolis Magna (Greco‐Roman)
Authors: Maehler Herwig 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hermopolis Magna is situated on the west bank of the Nile some 40 km south of el‐Minia and 7 km north of Mellawi. Ever since the Old Kingdom, it had been an important cult center of Thoth, who was identified with Hermes by the Greeks.
Heroninos Archive
Authors: Rathbone Dominic 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The Heroninos Archive is a group of over 400 letters and accounts in Greek which reveal many details of the Appianus estate, a very large private estate in the Fayyum area of Egypt in the mid‐third century
ce
. These details include its physical composition, types of agriculture practiced, labor force, and complex systems of management and accounting.
Apuleius
Authors: Harrison Stephen J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Writer, sophistic performer and Platonizing philosopher, ca. 125–after 170
ce
. Born and educated in Roman North Africa; studied in Athens and Rome, based in Carthage in the 160 s
ce
. Author of the
Metamorphoses
or
Golden Ass
(prose fiction),
Apologia
(self‐defense in court),
Florida
(extracts from declamations),
De Deo Socratis
(declamation) and a range of other works, mostly lost.
Prostates
Authors: Zelnick‐Abramovitz Rachel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The
prostates
is a person who “stands before” or “in front,” but the word's semantic array is wider: it can mean protector, guardian, leader (political or military), and supervisor. In these functions, the
prostates
could act for a whole community,
polis
, or an individual – a metic or a manumitted slave.
Animal mummies
Authors: Ikram Salima 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Egyptians mummified humans and other animals in order to preserve the body so that it could serve as a host for the soul throughout eternity. Many species of animals were mummified, ranging from scarab beetles to cattle to crocodiles. The mummified animals were of different types: pets, victual, sacred, votive, false/fake, and other, possibly protective.
Sheshonq I–
VI
Authors: Dodson Aidan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Shoshenq I, Shoshenq IIa, Shoshenq IIb, Shoshenq III, Shoshenq IV, Shoshenq V, and Shoshenq VI, kings (or potential kings in the case of IIa–c) of Egypt or part of Egypt during the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties, who reigned between the mid‐tenth and early eighth centuries
bce
.
Vesuvius
Authors: Scarpati Claudio , Perrotta Annamaria 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Somma‐Vesuvius, located near Naples, produced large explosive eruptions (Plinian) that devastated the territory around the volcano and more frequent weaker explosive and effusive episodes. Villages and towns were destroyed and buried during the Bronze Age, the Roman period (e.g., Pompeii and Herculaneum), and the most recent activity cycle (1631–1944).
Cortona
Authors: Fracchia Helena 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Cortona, in central Tuscany, allegedly founded by the Trojan hero Dardanos, was first mentioned by Herodotus (1.57) and later by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Lycophron, and Silius Italicus: the settlement's ancient importance is documented archaeologically by a Villanovan village, Etruscan monumental grave circles, and a meeting house, an Etruscan palatial complex, by large princely burial tumuli (eighth to sixth centuries
bce
) and later chamber tombs (fourth to third centuries
bce
).
Tribuni plebis
Authors: Kondratieff Eric J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Ancient sources relate that the tribunes of the plebs were created in the first plebeian secession (494–493
bce
) to act as officers for the assembly of the plebs, to pass resolutions (plebiscites) binding on the plebs, and to defend the plebs and their property against abusive magistrates. By 287
bce
, the tribunate had become Rome's principal legislative institution, its plebiscites binding on all Roman citizens. Through aggressive use of their legislative and obstructive powers,
popularis
tribunes of the later second century
bce
helped spark off the so‐called “Roman Revolution,” a century of civil and military conflict that culminated in the establishment of the Augustan principate and the reduction of the tribunate to an urban administrative position. Nevertheless, literary and epigraphic evidence indicates that the office of
tribunus plebis
continued as an important step on the
cursus honorum
into the late imperial era.
Social mobility, Pharaonic Egypt
Authors: Moreno García Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Social mobility in pharaonic Egypt was the consequence of periodic rearrangements of resources as a result of family cycles, economic hardship, inheritance division, political struggle, and development of the royal administration. Some people and social groups benefited from these occurrences to accumulate wealth and status and to ascend the social ladder, while other groups and individuals lost their property and became impoverished. Owing to the very nature of the sources preserved, links with the institutional sphere (temples, the crown, dignitaries, state departments, etc.) appear as crucial tools for social elevation, but they also opened the path to conflict and competition that might finally lead to instability and political struggles. However, there is also evidence about other means of social mobility, especially by private accumulation of wealth based on trade, specialized craftsmanship, and so on, developed by economically autonomous people, business‐women, traders, and wealthy peasants, among others.
Albright, William F. (1891–1971)
Authors: Winitzer Abraham 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
William F. Albright was a major twentieth‐century historian of the ancient Near East. On the basis of the immense gains in textual and archaeological data from this world in his day, Albright sought to define a historical approach to the study of the Bible and the origins of Israel. This approach, he urged, was distinct from prevailing alternatives in biblical and ancient Near Eastern studies, which were viewed by him as subjective or insular. By contrast, he contended that his scientific assembly of data enabled an objective analysis of history with respect to the questions that mattered most.
Gaius the Platonist
Authors: Tarrant Harold 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Gaius was a prominent Platonist of the early second century
ce
, known from inscriptions at Delphi and from Galen as well as later Platonists. It is possible that he is only known to us thanks to Albinus having recorded his lectures in a work extending to eleven books. He is known to have lectured on Plato's
Republic
(book x) and
Timaeus
, and he emphasized that Plato's works used two different ways of communicating doctrine, according to his subject matter. His influence has sometimes been exaggerated owing to a “School of Gaius” theory popular until the late decades of the twentieth century and dependent upon the speculative identification of Alcinous with Albinus.
Zuqnīn Chronicle
Authors: Wood Philip 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The
Chronicle of Zuqnīn
is a Syriac universal chronicle beginning with the Creation and concluding in ca. 775
ce
. The first three parts of the chronicle are chiefly drawn from the Bible and the
Ecclesiastical Histories
of

E
usebius

, Socrates, and John of Ephesus. The
Chronicle of Zuqnīn
is the sole source for the so‐called
Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite
, a narrative of Roman‐Persian warfare on the Mesopotamian frontier from the reign of Anastasius, and for Part II of John of Ephesus’ history. The chronicle is based around dated lemmas, on the same model as the West Syrian minor chronicles, which has forced its author to divide up continuous narrative histories according to date.
Administration, Hittite
Authors: Bilgin Tayfun 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Like its neighbors in the Near East, the Hittite state possessed a highly centralized administration. Its appanage and vassal kingdoms surrounded the core region of Hatti, which was divided into governorships but still remained under the direct control of the palace. Members of the extended royal family were widely involved in the administration. The state trained and employed numerous scribes, whose skills were essential in various administrative activities. A large group of officials and a network of state institutions were instrumental in the collection/redistribution and management of taxes and services.
A quality assurance for respiratory gated proton irradiation with range modulation wheel
Authors: Yasui Keisuke , Shimomura Akira , Toshito Toshiyuki , Tanaka Kenichiro , Ueki Kumiko , Muramatsu Rie , Katsurada Masaki , Hayashi Naoki , Ogino Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide periodic quality assurance (QA) methods for respiratory‐gated proton beam with a range modulation wheel (RMW) and to clarify the characteristics and long‐term stability of the respiratory‐gated proton beam. A two‐dimensional detector array and a solid water phantom were used to measure absolute dose, spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) width and proton range for monthly QA. SOBP width and proton range were measured using an oblique incidence beam to the lateral side of a solid water phantom and compared between with and without a gating proton beam. To measure the delay time of beam‐on/off for annual QA, we collected the beam‐on/off signals and the dose monitor‐detected pulse. We analyzed the results of monthly QA over a 15‐month period and investigated the delay time by machine signal analysis. The dose deviations at proximal, SOBP center and distal points were −0.083 ± 0.25%, 0.026 ± 0.20%, and −0.083 ± 0.35%, respectively. The maximum dose deviation between with and without respiratory gating was −0.95% at the distal point and other deviations were within ±0.5%. Proximal and SOBP center doses showed the same trend over a 15‐month period. Delay times of beam‐on/off for 200 MeV/SOBP 16 cm were 140.5 ± 0.8 ms and 22.3 ± 13.0 ms, respectively. Delay times for 160 MeV/SOBP 10 cm were 167.5 ± 15.1 ms and 19.1 ± 9.8 ms. Our beam delivery system with the RMW showed sufficient stability for respiratory‐gated proton therapy and the system did not show dependency on the energy and the respiratory wave form. The delay times of beam‐on/off were within expectations. The proposed QA methods will be useful for managing the quality of respiratory‐gated proton beams and other beam delivery systems.
Determinants of noticeable symptom improvement despite sub‐MCID change in SNOT‐22 score after treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Phillips Katie M. , Hoehle Lloyd P. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) is specific but not sensitive for identifying patients experiencing noticeable improvement in symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It is unclear why some patients with less than 1 MCID change in SNOT‐22 score nevertheless report noticeable improvement in their CRS symptoms.MethodsThis investigation was a retrospective study of 247 CRS patients undergoing medical management who completed SNOT‐22 surveys in 2 consecutive visits 2‐12 months apart. The validated nasal, sleep, ear/facial discomfort, and emotional SNOT‐22 subdomain scores were calculated. At the second visit, patients reported their global change in CRS symptoms on a 5‐item transition rating scale as: “Much worse”; “A little worse”; “About the same”; “A little better”; or “Much better.” Patient‐reported improvement in symptoms (at least “A little better”) was tested for association with changes in SNOT‐22 subdomain scores.ResultsIn the entire cohort, patient‐reported improvement in CRS symptoms was associated with improvement in all SNOT‐22 subdomain scores (p < 0.001). In patients with less than 1 MCID (12 points) of change in the SNOT‐22, only the nasal subdomain (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79‐0.99; p = 0.042) was associated with patient‐reported improvement in CRS symptoms. Changes in none of the other SNOT‐22 subdomain scores were associated with patient‐reported improvement in CRS symptoms.ConclusionsAmong patients with less than 1 MCID change in the SNOT‐22, improvement in only nasal symptoms—but not extranasal symptoms—of CRS is associated with those who nevertheless report improvement of their CRS symptoms.
Dendritic molecules give excellent long‐lasting desalination fouling resistance to reverse osmosis membrane by generating an amine‐rich layer
Authors: Chen Li‐Ye , Zhang Pan , Gai Jing‐Gang 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe organic fouling of polyamide membranes is one of the most serious problems in reverse osmosis fields such as sea water desalination and sewage disposal. In this study, poly(ethylene imine)–poly(ethylene glycol) dendrimer is used to improve the fouling resistance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes. A crucial pretreatment is carried out with a reaction between poly(ethylene imine) and acyl chloride on the nascent polyamide surface, generating an amine‐rich selective layer. Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether is then attached to the primary amine group. The results illustrate a remarkable improvement in membrane surface hydrophilicity after modification (the contact angle decreases from 96.7° to 49.5°). Dynamic fouling tests are implemented with bovine serum albumin as a typical protein foulant, in which the membranes show very low protein adsorption (flux recovery ratio 96.9%). After 11‐cycle fouling tests, the membranes show excellent long‐term stability and remarkable antifouling property and cleaning performance. This approach of grafting a dendrimer might provide new insight for antifouling modifications for membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47368.
Enzymatic degradation, electronic, and thermal properties of graphite‐ and graphene oxide‐filled biodegradable polylactide/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blend composites
Authors: Botlhoko Orebotse Joseph , Makwakwa Dimakatso , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Ramontja James 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTCommodity polymers are the most widely used materials for electronic packaging applications. However, they are nondegradable and causing serious environmental damage. Addressing this challenge, the relative effects of graphite (G) and graphene oxide (GO) dispersion on the enzymatic degradation, electronic properties, thermal degradation, and crystallization behavior of enzyme degradable polylactide/poly(ε‐caprolactone) blend composites is investigated. Owing to the oxygenated surface functionalities and excellent thermal conductivity arising from the carbon structure, the randomly dispersed GO particles do not provide electrical pathways and facilitate large enhancements in the electrical resistivity (126%) and thermal conductivity (72%) of the blend composites. However, while the G particles enhanced the thermal conductivity of the composites, they had little effect on enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, they reduced the electrical resistivity, particularly at high concentration (0.25 wt % G), as a result of the conducting delocalized electrons in the G structure and due to network formation. We also find that the energy required to initiate and propagate the thermal degradation process for GO‐filled blend composites is relatively lower than that of G‐filled blend composite. However, the former composites show higher crystallization rate coefficients value than that of G‐filled composites and the neat blend, thereby providing better crystallization ability and miscibility with the matrix. In summary, the GO‐filled blend composites are observed to show potential for use in sustainable materials for thermal management applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47387.
Synthesis of UV and thermal dual curing oligomer for solder resist ink using ink‐jet printing
Authors: Liang Zhihao , Wang Xiaomei , Feng Liangting , Wu Xuefen 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA novel solder resist ink for inkjet printing containing the ultraviolet (UV) and thermal dual curing oligomer is introduced in this work. Three kinds of acrylic monomers for the synthesis of the oligomer are successful prepared and their structures are determined by Fourier transfer infrared. Both UV curing process and thermostability are monitored under UV differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. For the photoreaction process, the oligomer using Lauryl methacrylate as the material of copolymerization possesses the highest reactivity and conversion of carbon–carbon double bond. Besides, this kind of oligomer also owns excellent thermostability, just losing 5.9% of its weight at 288 °C. The solder resist inks containing the oligomers and jetting by the inkjet printer are tested with the adhesion, soldering resistance, and other performances, presenting the outstanding heat resistance and wide application prospects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47428.
NIR light‐triggered gelling in situ of porous silicon nanoparticles/PEGDA hybrid hydrogels for localized combinatorial therapy of cancer cells
Authors: Xia Bing , Zhang Weiwei , Shi Jisen , Li Jiachen , Chen Zhenyu , Zhang Qi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPorous silicon‐based nanocomposite hydrogels were readily constructed with the gelation of poly(ethylene glycol) double acrylates (PEGDA) macromers, due to the initiation of singlet oxygen photosensitized with porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) under near‐infrared (NIR) light irradiation. Multifunctional PSiNPs/PEGDA nanocomposite hydrogels showed strong fluorescence, excellent biodegradability, significant photothermal effect, and sustained drug release with high efficiency (>80%). Finally, in situ growth of PSiNPs/PEGDA hybrid hydrogels on cancer cells was also achieved by NIR light, and then their biodegradation, drug release and synergistic chemo‐phototherapeutic efficacy were further demonstrated, which could provide a significant localized inhibition for the viability, adherence, and migration of cancer cells in vitro. Thus, we suggested that these resultant hybrid hydrogels would have important potential on local cancer therapy in future clinical practice. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47443.