bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Natural History of Scaphoid Fracture Malunion: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seltser Anna , Suh Nina , MacDermid Joy C. , Grewal Ruby 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background A scaphoid malunion occurs when a scaphoid fracture heals in a nonanatomic position or when the fracture is fixed without correction of the sagittal angular deformity. Although altered carpal mechanics and early osteoarthritis have been suggested as natural sequelae, the natural history and clinical outcomes are debatable.
Purposes The purpose of this study is to review and summarize the available literature regarding clinical, functional, and radiographic outcomes of patients with scaphoid malunion.
Methods A systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify published studies concerning the clinical and radiological results of scaphoid malunion following either acute scaphoid fracture or surgically treated nonunions.
Results Five publications with a total of 83 malunions were included in the final synthesis. The diagnosis of malunion was based on computed tomography by calculating the lateral intrascaphoid angle (threshold of 35 or 45 degrees) or height/length ratio (threshold of 0.6). Self-reported and clinical evaluation techniques varied between the studies and direct comparison was not possible between the different outcome measures. Most patients demonstrated arthritic changes; however, correlation with pain and functional results was not always present.
Conclusions This scoping review confirmed that patients with malunited scaphoids seem to have higher likelihood of post traumatic arthritis. However, clinical implications remain uncertain and better methods for assessing and defining scaphoid deformity are required.
Remote sensing and signaling in kidney proximal tubules stimulates gut microbiome-derived organic anion secretion
Authors: Jansen Jitske , Jansen Katja , Neven Ellen , Poesen Ruben , Othman Amr , van Mil Alain , Sluijter Joost , Sastre Torano Javier , Zaal Esther A. , Berkers Celia R. , Esser Diederik , Wichers Harry J. , van Ede Karin , van Duursen Majorie , Burtey Stéphane , Verhaar Marianne C. , Meijers Björn , Masereeuw Rosalinde 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceHere, we report that the kidney has an effective sensing and signaling mechanism to balance microbial metabolite levels in the human body. Using healthy volunteers and in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that the kidney responds to elevated endogenous metabolite levels and stimulates organic anion secretion by AhR and EGFR signaling, controlled by miR-223 and reactive oxygen species. This remote sensing function aids body homeostasis and has important implications for the identification of novel therapeutic targets to preserve kidney function in patients.
Acute Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Effects of Near-Roadway Exposures With and Without N95 Respirators
Authors: Morishita Masako , Wang Lu , Speth Kelly , Zhou Nina , Bard Robert L , Li Fengyao , Brook Jeffrey R , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Brook Robert D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The risk for cardiovascular events increases within hours of near-roadway exposures. We aimed to determine the traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and biological mechanisms involved and if reducing particulate matter &lt;2.5 µm (PM2.5) inhalation is protective.

METHODS
Fifty healthy-adults underwent multiple 2-hour near-roadway exposures (Tuesdays to Fridays) in Ann Arbor during 2 separate weeks (randomized to wear an N95 respirator during 1 week). Monday both weeks, participants rested 2 hours in an exam room (once wearing an N95 respirator). Brachial blood pressure, aortic hemodynamics, and heart rate variability were repeatedly measured during exposures. Endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index [RHI]) was measured post-exposures (Thursdays). Black carbon (BC), total particle count (PC), PM2.5, noise and temperature were measured throughout exposures.

RESULTS
PM2.5 (9.3 ± 7.7 µg/m3), BC (1.3 ± 0.6 µg/m3), PC (8,375 ± 4,930 particles/cm3) and noise (69.2 ± 4.2 dB) were higher (P values &lt;0.01) and aortic hemodynamic parameters trended worse while near-roadway (P values&lt;0.15 vs. exam room). Other outcomes were unchanged. Aortic hemodynamics trended towards improvements with N95 respirator usage while near-roadway (P values&lt;0.15 vs. no-use), whereas other outcomes remained unaffected. Higher near-roadway PC and BC exposures were associated with increases in aortic augmentation pressures (P values&lt;0.05) and trends toward lower RHI (P values &lt;0.2). N95 respirator usage did not mitigate these adverse responses (nonsignificant pollutant–respirator interactions). Near-roadway outdoor-temperature and noise were also associated with cardiovascular changes.

CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to real-world combustion-derived particulates in TRAP, even at relatively low concentrations, acutely worsened aortic hemodynamics. Our mixed findings regarding the health benefits of wearing N95 respirators support that further studies are needed to validate if they adequately protect against TRAP given their growing worldwide usage.
N-cadherin overexpression enhances the reparative potency of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes in infarcted mouse hearts
Authors: Lou Xi , Zhao Meng , Fan Chengming , Fast Vladimir G , Valarmathi Mani T , Zhu Wuqiang , Zhang Jianyi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
In regenerative medicine, cellular cardiomyoplasty is one of the promising options for treating myocardial infarction (MI); however, the efficacy of such treatment has shown to be limited due to poor survival and/or functional integration of implanted cells. Within the heart, the adhesion between cardiac myocytes (CMs) is mediated by N-cadherin (CDH2) and is critical for the heart to function as an electromechanical syncytium. In this study, we have investigated whether the reparative potency of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (hiPSC-CMs) can be enhanced through CDH2 overexpression.

Methods and results
CDH2-hiPSC-CMs and control wild-type (WT)-hiPSC-CMs were cultured in myogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. Using a mouse MI model, the cell survival/engraftment rate, infarct size, and cardiac functions were evaluated post-MI, at Day 7 or Day 28. In vitro, conduction velocities were significantly greater in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs than in WT-hiPSC-CMs. While, in vivo, measurements of cardiac functions: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, reduction in infarct size, and the cell engraftment rate were significantly higher in CDH2-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group than in WT-hiPSC-CMs treated MI group. Mechanistically, paracrine activation of ERK signal transduction pathway by CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, significantly induced neo-vasculogenesis, resulting in a higher survival of implanted cells.

Conclusion
Collectively, these data suggest that CDH2 overexpression enhances not only the survival/engraftment of cultured CDH2-hiPSC-CMs, but also the functional integration of these cells, consequently, the augmentation of the reparative properties of implanted CDH2-hiPSC-CMs in the failing hearts.
Exercise restores dysregulated gene expression in a mouse model of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Cheedipudi Sirisha M , Hu Jinzhu , Fan Siyang , Yuan Ping , Karmouch Jennifer , Czernuszewicz Grace , Robertson Matthew J , Coarfa Cristian , Hong Kui , Yao Yan , Campbell Hanna , Wehrens Xander , Gurha Priyatansh , Marian Ali J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a myocardial disease caused mainly by mutations in genes encoding desmosome proteins ACM patients present with ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysfunction, sudden cardiac death, and a subset with fibro-fatty infiltration of the right ventricle predominantly. Endurance exercise is thought to exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias in ACM. The objective was to determine the effects of treadmill exercise on cardiac phenotype, including myocyte gene expression in myocyte-specific desmoplakin (Dsp) haplo-insufficient (Myh6-Cre:DspW/F) mice.

Methods and results
Three months old sex-matched wild-type (WT) and Myh6-Cre:DspW/F mice with normal cardiac function, as assessed by echocardiography, were randomized to regular activity or 60 min of daily treadmill exercise (5.5 kJ work per run). Cardiac myocyte gene expression, cardiac function, arrhythmias, and myocardial histology, including apoptosis, were analysed prior to and after 3 months of routine activity or treadmill exercise. Fifty-seven and 781 genes were differentially expressed in 3- and 6-month-old Myh6-Cre:DspW/F cardiac myocytes, compared to the corresponding WT myocytes, respectively. Genes encoding secreted proteins (secretome), including inhibitors of the canonical WNT pathway, were among the most up-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) predicted activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation, and suppression of oxidative phosphorylation pathways in the Myh6-Cre:DspW/F myocytes. Treadmill exercise restored transcript levels of two-third (492/781) of the DEGs and the corresponding dysregulated transcriptional and biological pathways, including EMT, inflammation, and secreted inhibitors of the canonical WNT. The changes were associated with reduced myocardial apoptosis and eccentric cardiac hypertrophy without changes in cardiac function.

Conclusion
Treadmill exercise restored transcript levels of the majority of dysregulated genes in cardiac myocytes, reduced myocardial apoptosis, and induced eccentric cardiac hypertrophy without affecting cardiac dysfunction in a mouse model of ACM. The findings suggest that treadmill exercise has potential beneficial effects in a subset of cardiac phenotypes in ACM.
A case report: pause and consider the late complications of heart transplantation
Authors: Sinha Tejas , Lyon Amanda , Kahwash Rami 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundA 75-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy status post orthotopic heart transplant, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease stage III, chronic anaemia, and chronic diarrhoea presented with nausea, vomiting, and an unexplained fall 23 years after original transplantation.Case summaryDuring her hospital stay, she had multiple episodes of sinus arrest with syncope, preceded by seizure like activity. She was stabilized, and broad work up revealed an occult brain mass that was ultimately resected and consistent with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease.DiscussionFeatures that make this case study unique include the late onset and location of the malignancy, the absence of Epstein–Barr virus involvement, and asystole that was potentially neurologically mediated and induced by a brain space occupying mass. This case offers insight into potential late parasympathetic reinnervation of transplanted hearts, adds to the growing literature regarding the connection between the brain and the heart, and reviews potential complications in patients with a remote history of heart transplantation.
‘Une Véritable Question D’état’: Controversies over Ceremonial Robes and Corporate Citizenship at the University of Paris, 1766–1780*
Authors: O’Connor Adrian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines a series of disputes within the Faculty of Law at the University of Paris as a point of entry into the political culture and cultural politics of the late ancien régime. What began with a disagreement over ceremonial red robes among the faculty’s members escalated into a legal conflict pitting corporatist and egalitarian visions of social organization and collective decision-making against one another. The institutional and material specificity of the disputes, the evolution of the faculty members’ arguments across three cases within a fourteen-year period, and the ambiguous and ambivalent outcome of those cases highlight the incremental processes of culture change in pre-revolutionary France and the ancien régime origins of the legal and civic egalitarianism that would transform France in and after 1789.
A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and Correlation with Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Recovered from Iranian Burn Patients
Authors: Heidarzadeh Siamak , Enayati Kaliji Yasamin , Pourpaknia Reza , Mohammadzadeh Alireza , Ghazali-Bina Mehran , Saburi Ehsan , Vazini Hossein , Khaledi Azad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The role of integrons has been highlighted in antibiotic resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Therefore, we here reviewed the prevalence of class 1 integrons and their correlations with antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa isolated from Iranian burn patients. This review was conducted according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Cross-sectional and cohort studies published from January 1, 2000 until December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Meta-analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software using the random effects model, Cochran’s Q, and I2 tests. Publication bias was estimated by Funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test. Nine out of 819 studies met the eligibility criteria. The overall combined prevalence of class 1 integrons in P. aeruginosa isolates was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.5–83%). The highest combined resistance was reported against Cloxacillin (87.7%), followed by Carbenicillin (79.1%) and Ceftriaxone (77.3%). The combined prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 79.3% (95% CI: 31.1–97%). Also, a significant correlation was noted between the presence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance in 55.5% of the included studies (P < .05). The results showed high prevalence of class 1 integrons, antibiotic resistance, and MDR strains in P. aeruginosa isolated from Iranian burn patients. Also, most of the included studies showed a significant correlation between the presence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance.
Potential Changes to Louisiana Hardwood Timber Industry Economic Contributions Following Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Invasion: An Input–Output Approach
Authors: McConnell Thomas Eric , VanderSchaaf Curtis L , Tanger Shaun M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe emerald ash borer (EAB) Agrilus planipennis (Fairmaire, Coleoptera: Buprestidae) will have untold impacts on the contributions hardwood timber products provide Louisiana’s economy. We modeled a scenario where ash mortality was assumed to follow a PERT-Beta distribution to kill essentially all Louisiana ash within 25 yr. Future ash mortality volumes were discounted to the present and valued using market prices to estimate a present effect on timber receipts. Assuming the dead timber would have otherwise been typical trees of average quality, stumpage was presently valued at US$1.57 million, with deliveries totaling US$3.48 million. A salvage arrangement using the double declining balance method coupled with a second PERT-Beta distribution centered upon Louisiana’s current 2.84% harvest-to-inventory proportion depreciated the timber’s value monthly over 1 yr. Following salvage, average stumpage revenue declined −US$1.54 million, mill deliveries fell −US$3.41 million, whereas state timber severance tax collections declined by −US$46,800. The value added and employment direct effects to Louisiana’s economy averaged −US$882,400 and −41.6 jobs, respectively. The multiplier effects of these losses emanating from the timber industry resulted in additional declines averaging −US$2.56 million in value added and −45.6 jobs across the state economy on the drop in output of −US$4.51 million. The total economic effects summed to −US$3.44 million in value added and −87.1 jobs on output declines of −US$9.46 million.
Evaluation of Tactics for Management of Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Grain Sorghum
Authors: Haar Phillip J , Buntin G David , Jacobson Alana , Pekarcik Adrian , Way M O , Zarrabi Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The invasive sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), is a devastating new pest of grain sorghum. Studies were conducted utilizing an integrated approach of four management tactics: planting date, insecticidal seed treatment, a foliar-applied insecticide, and plant resistance. Experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 at Griffin, Tifton, and Plains Georgia, and in 2016 in Texas, Alabama, and Oklahoma, United States. Early planting was effective in reducing damage and increasing yields when compared to the late planting. Use of a resistant variety reduced cumulative aphid-days, plant injury and usually prevented significant yield loss. Foliar application of flupyradifurone when aphids reached an economic threshold, was an effective management tactic preventing aphid injury and yield loss. Use of clothianidin seed treatment also reduced aphid injury and yield loss of the susceptible hybrid but generally did not prevent injury and yield loss of the resistant hybrid. We conclude that an earlier planting date coupled with a resistant variety and judicious use of an efficacious foliar-applied insecticide can effectively manage sugarcane aphid on grain sorghum. An insecticide seed treatment also may be useful to reduce the risk of sugarcane aphid damage to seedlings of susceptible hybrids.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Host-Related Foraging Odor-Cue Combinations to Attract Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Cloonan Kevin R , Hernández-Cumplido Johnattan , De Sousa Ana Luiza Viana , Ramalho Dagmara Gomes , Burrack Hannah J , Della Rosa Linda , Diepenbrock Lauren M , Ballman Elissa , Drummond Francis A , Gut Larry J , Hesler Stephen , Isaacs Rufus , Leach Heather , Loeb Gregory M , Nielsen Anne L , Nitzsche Peter , Park Kyoo R , Syed Zainulabeuddin , Van Timmeren Steven , Wallingford Anna K , Walton Vaughn M , Rodriguez-Saona Cesar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is a major pest of soft-skinned fruits. Since its introduction into North America and Europe, significant progress has been made in understanding the volatile cues used by this fly during food, oviposition site, and mate finding. Despite this progress, commercially available lures are non-selective. Here, we tested two Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) yeast compounds (isoamyl acetate and isobutyl acetate) and a leaf compound β-cyclocitral alone and in combination with a blend of four fermentation compounds (‘Fermentation lure’: acetic acid, ethanol, methionol, and acetoin) to improve D. suzukii attraction and selectivity. In laboratory assays, males and females were attracted to all seven individual compounds, although in electrophysiological assays, their antennae exhibited a dose-dependent response to only four of these compounds. In two-choice cage studies, the Fermentation lure was more attractive to D. suzukii than water controls, whereas β-cyclocitral and the mixture of isoamyl acetate and isobutyl acetate were not attractive in this larger-cage study. Moreover, adding the two-component H. uvarum compound blend to the Fermentation lure reduced D. suzukii attraction to the Fermentation blend. When these experiments were repeated in blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, and cherry orchards across several states in the United States over 2 yr, similar outcomes were observed: β-cyclocitral or the mixture of the H. uvarum blend did not improve the attractiveness of the Fermentation lure or its selectivity. This study demonstrates that cues from different sources may interfere with each other and reduce D. suzukii attraction to otherwise attractive odor combinations.
Transcriptome Analysis of Female and Male Conopomorpha sinensis (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) Adults With a Focus on Hormone and Reproduction
Authors: Yao Qiong , Dong Yizhi , Chen Jing , Quan Linfa , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Bingxu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConopomorpha sinensis Bradley is the dominant borer pest of litchi and longan in the Asian-pacific area. Reduction or interference of reproduction and mating of adult moths is one of the most used strategies to control C. sinensis. Insect reproduction is a critical biological process closely related to endocrine control. Conopomorpha sinensis genome and transcriptome information is limited, hampering both our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hormone activity and reproduction and the development of control strategies for this borer pest. To explore the sex differences in gene expression profiles influencing these biological processes, de novo transcriptomes were assembled from female and male adult C. sinensis specimens. This analysis yielded 184,422 unigenes with an average length of 903 bp and 405,961 transcripts after sequencing and assembly. About 45.06, 22.41, 19.53, 34.05, 35.82, 36.42, and 19.85% of the unigenes had significant matches in seven public databases. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed comprehensive information about the function of each gene and identified enriched categories and pathways that were associated with the 2,890 female-biased genes and 2,964 male-biased genes. In addition, we identified some important unigenes related to hormone activity and reproduction among the sex-differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including unigenes coding for ecdysone-induced protein 78C, juvenile hormone (JH)-regulated gene fatty acyl-CoA reductase, vitellogenin, etc. Our findings provide a more comprehensive portrait of the sex differences involved in the relationship of two important physiological features—hormone activity and reproduction in C. sinensis and members of the family Gracillariidae.
Traveler’s diarrhea in Nepal—changes in etiology and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Murphy Holly , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Sornsakrin Siriporn , Khadka Bhawani , Pokhrel Ananta , Shakya Shristi , Suksawad Umaporn , Wongstitwilairoong Boonchai , Shrestha Sanjaya , Mason Carl , Pandey Prativa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
We conducted a comprehensive investigation to update our knowledge of traveler’s diarrhea (TD) etiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Nepal.

Methods
A case–control study of TD etiology was conducted at the CIWEC Clinic Travel Medicine Center in Kathmandu from 2012 to 2014. Stool samples were tested by microscopy, culture and molecular techniques for identification of bacterial, viral and parasitic enteric pathogens, and AMR. We analysed patient demographic data, pre-treatment information and clinical outcomes.

Results
We enrolled 433 TD cases and 209 non-diarrhea controls. At least one of enteric pathogens was identified among 82% of cases and 44% of controls (P &lt; 0.001). Multiple pathogens were observed among 35% of cases and 10% of controls. The most common pathogens significantly identified among cases in comparison with controls were Campylobacter (20%), norovirus (17%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (12%), rotavirus (9%) and Shigella (8%) (P &lt; 0.001). We noted Campylobacter, Shigella and ETEC resistance to azithromycin at 8, 39 and 22% and to ciprofloxacin at 97, 78 and 23%, respectively.

Conclusion
Among travellers to Nepal with TD, viral pathogens were commonly found and norovirus was the second most common pathogen after campylobacter. We noted increased AMR to fluoroquinolones (FQs) and azithromycin (AZM). There is heightened concern for AZM treatment failures, though this continues to remain the drug of choice for TD treatment in our setting where FQs should not be used.