bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of wear and tear in archival and library collections. Part II: an epidemiological study
Authors: Duran-Casablancas Cristina , Grau-Bové Josep , Fearn Tom , Strlič Matija 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a new approach to collection surveying based on epidemiology, the discipline that describes and explains disease patterns in populations. In epidemiology the focus of attention lies not only on the occurrence of a disease but also on the characteristics of the individuals which might play a role in the occurrence of the disease. To explore the applicability of epidemiology to heritage collections, we take as example the study of the occurrence and accumulation of wear and tear in archive collections, which so far has only been studied in controlled experimental studies. We designed an observational study (survey) in which the assessment of mechanical failure is understood as the outcome variable, and the factors that might affect the degree of failure are defined as exposure variables. To evaluate the relevance of the assessed factors in relation to the observed mechanical failure, exploratory data analyses were conducted by comparing groups of objects that differ regarding their level of exposure to different factors. Although highly scattered data is not unusual in this type of studies and confounding has to be taken into account during the data analysis, this paper shows that through an epidemiological approach to surveys, the factors that have a greater effect on mechanical failure can be identified. Moreover, the rate of failure can also be determined for certain groups of objects. Also patterns of decay emerge which show the vulnerability of certain groups of objects. In this paper the practical aspects of the design and analysis of observational epidemiological studies for heritage collections are discussed. As a final note, the applicability and relevance of this approach to support collection management is briefly discussed.
The unheard voice: a qualitative exploration of companions' experiences of liaison psychiatry and mental health crises in the emergency department
Authors: Collom Jennifer , Patterson Emma , Lawrence-Smith Geoff , Tracy Derek K. 
Published: March 2019

Aims and methodTo understand the experience of companions of patients seen in the emergency department by liaison psychiatry teams. Participants were recruited via purposive sampling following a recent visit to the emergency department of an inner- or outer-London hospital. Semi-structured interviews were administered to all participants.ResultsTwo major themes were generated. The first concerned the appropriateness of the clinical space, in which ‘noise’, ‘privacy’ and the ‘waiting area’ were subthemes. The second was communication with staff, including subthemes of ‘wanting more information’ and a ‘desire to be more involved’.Clinical implicationsLiaison psychiatry services should consider appropriateness of the clinical space, promoting improved communication between staff and patients' companions, and a review of the information provided to companions in the emergency department. This research offers a novel perspective on liaison psychiatry and will enhance current understanding and clinical practice.
Clinical features of paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome: findings from a case– control study
Authors: Hesselmark Eva , Bejerot Susanne 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPaediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), an umbrella term that includes PANDAS (paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) is suggested to be a psychiatric disorder of autoimmune aetiology. PANS is characterised by an acute onset of obsessive–compulsive disorder or restricted eating with multiple comorbid symptoms. The specificity of the PANS criteria is not fully understood.AimsTo describe a cohort of patients with PANS and to determine if PANS features relating to symptoms, onset and course are more common in PANS than in other psychiatric conditions.MethodA case–control study comparing patients with interview-confirmed PANS with patients with suspected PANS and patients with a psychiatric condition but with no suspicion of PANS. Validated and non-validated measures of symptoms, onset and episodic course were used.ResultsIllness in patients with interview-confirmed PANS featured an episodic course and multiple symptoms present at onset compared with the psychiatric controls. However, individuals with interview-confirmed PANS did not present a specific symptom profile.ConclusionsPANS may be a distinct clinical entity featuring an acute onset, an episodic course and multiple symptoms at onset.Declaration of interestNone.
Place of death and other factors associated with unnatural mortality in patients with serious mental disorders: population-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wilson Rebecca , Gaughran Fiona , Whitburn Tara , Higginson Irene J. , Gao Wei 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPatients with serious mental disorders have poorer healthcare outcomes at the end of life and are at greater risk of dying from unnatural causes.AimsTo explore place of death and demographic and clinical correlates of unnatural causes of death in patients with serious mental disorders.MethodRoutinely collected patient data were used to explore bivariate and adjusted associations between covariates and natural/unnatural cause of death.ResultsIn multivariable analysis (n = 1029), dying at home (odds ratio (OR) = 1.87, 95% CI 1.03–3.40), ‘other’ locations (OR = 16.50, 95% CI 7.57–36.00), younger age (OR = 17.26, 95% CI 8.28–36.00) and a diagnosis other than schizophrenia spectrum disorder (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.04–2.73) were correlates of unnatural cause of death.ConclusionsDeaths from unnatural causes were high and more likely to occur at home and non-healthcare settings. Unnatural causes of death were higher in younger patients with non-schizophrenia spectrum disorder diagnoses.Declaration of interestF.G. has received support or honoraria for CME, advisory work and lectures from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Roche, and Sunovion, and has a family member with professional links to Lilly and GSK, including shares.
US Cancer Centers of Excellence Strategies for Increased Inclusion of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Clinical Trials
Authors: Regnante Jeanne M. , Richie Nicole A. , Fashoyin-Aje Lola , Vichnin Michelle , Ford Marvella , Roy Upal Basu , Turner Kenneth , Hall Laura Lee , Gonzalez Evelyn , Esnaola Nestor , Clark Luther T. , Adams Homer C. , Alese Olatunji B. , Gogineni Keerthi , McNeill Lorna , Petereit Daniel , Sargeant Ify , Dang Julie , Obasaju Coleman , Highsmith Quita , Lee Simon Craddock , Hoover Spencer C. , Williams Erin L. , Chen Moon S. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE: Participation of racial and ethnic minority groups (REMGs) in cancer trials is disproportionately low despite a high prevalence of certain cancers in REMG populations. We aimed to identify notable practices used by leading US cancer centers that facilitate REMG participation in cancer trials. METHODS: The National Minority Quality Forum and Sustainable Healthy Communities Diverse Cancer Communities Working Group developed criteria by which to identify eligible US cancer centers—REMGs comprise 10% or more of the catchment area; a 10% to 50% yearly accrual rate of REMGs in cancer trials; and the presence of formal community outreach and diversity enrollment programs. Cancer center leaders were interviewed to ascertain notable practices that facilitate REMG accrual in clinical trials. RESULTS: Eight cancer centers that met the Communities Working Group criteria were invited to participate in in-depth interviews. Notable strategies for increased REMG accrual to cancer trials were reported across five broad themes: commitment and center leadership, investigator training and mentoring, community engagement, patient engagement, and operational practices. Specific notable practices included increased engagement of health care professionals, the presence of formal processes for obtaining REMG patient/caregiver input on research projects, and engagement of community groups to drive REMG participation. Centers also reported an increase in the allocation of resources to improving health disparities and increased dedication of research staff to REMG engagement. CONCLUSION: We have identified notable practices that facilitate increased participation of REMGs in cancer trials. Wide implementation of such strategies across cancer centers is essential to ensure that all populations benefit from advances in an era of increasingly personalized treatment of cancer.
“Time Enough, but None to Spare”: The Indispensable Temporalities of Charles Chesnutt’s The Marrow of Tradition
Authors: Marcus Sara 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This essay argues that the African American literature of the nadir, written during a moment when concepts of evolution and departures from linear time were deployed to the detriment of black life as well as in its defense, is a rich archive for analyzing the unpredictable politics of multiple temporalities. I discuss several books from the period before focusing on Charles W. Chesnutt’s 1901 novel The Marrow of Tradition, in which white supremacists weaponize nonlinear temporalities while punctual black characters express faith in linear progressive historical time. This novel, I argue, ultimately suggests a genre of temporality that neither appears as a type of linear time nor ruptures it utterly, and the book implies that temporal suspensions or holds can potentially be useful—not as inherently liberatory but as means of making way for productive disagreement. Within the novel, I identify a provocative fermata, theorized here (drawing on the work of Christina Sharpe, Hortense Spillers, and Édouard Glissant) as a temporal hold, that both exists within and ruptures linear time. This essay, then, responds to the common association of linear time with oppressive institutions and nonlinear time with liberation; instead, I argue for an expansive conception of critical temporality.
Lovelorn Columns: A Genre Scorned
Authors: Lutes Jean M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe newspaper advice column has shaped the American imagination in unacknowledged ways. Using Nathanael West’s Miss Lonelyhearts (1933) as a lens into a wily, underestimated genre, I juxtapose West’s riff on the newspaper advice column with readings of the real thing. I review the lovelorn column’s distinctive features and situate West’s satiric novella in that context. I also examine the racial dynamics of both the novella and the genre, touching briefly on the careers of two lovelorn columnists: the well-known Dorothy Dix, who was white, and the now-obscure Princess Mysteria, who was African American. In the process, I show that literary critics have allowed the misogyny of West’s novella to define one of the most enduring of all women’s popular genres. Advice columns have been dismissed as a morally bankrupt product of consumer capitalism, but they did more than simply render irrelevant the question of genuine emotional expression. Using a complex masquerade of gender and race, columnists shifted counsel outside the bounds of interpersonal exchange, forged an anonymous, recursive imaginative field, and generated glimmers of an ethics of intimacy.
Termite soldier mandibles are elongated by dachshund under hormonal and Hox gene controls
Authors: Sugime Yasuhiro , Oguchi Kohei , Gotoh Hiroki , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Matsunami Masatoshi , Shigenobu Shuji , Koshikawa Shigeyuki , Miura Toru 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
In social insects, interactions among colony members trigger caste differentiation with morphological modifications. In termite soldier differentiation, the mandible size considerably increases through two moltings (via the presoldier stage) under the control of juvenile hormone (JH). Regulatory genes are predicted to provide patterning information that induces the mandible-specific cell proliferation. To identify factors responsible for the mandibular enlargement, expression analyses of 18 candidate genes were carried out in the termite Hodotermopsis sjostedti. Among those, dachshund (dac), which identifies the intermediate domain along the proximodistal appendage axis, showed mandible-specific upregulation prior to the molt into presoldiers, which can explain the pattern of cell proliferation for the mandibular elongation. Knockdown of dac by RNAi reduced the mandibular length and distorted its morphology. Furthermore, the epistatic relationships among Methoprene tolerant, Insulin receptor, Deformed (Dfd) and dac were revealed by combined RNAi and qRT-PCR analyses, suggesting that dac is regulated by Dfd, downstream of the JH and insulin signaling pathways. Thus, caste-specific morphogenesis is controlled by interactions between the factors that provide spatial information and physiological status.
Anti-metastatic Activity of Curcumin Analog Pentagamaboronon-0-Sorbitol Against HER2-overexpressed MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Qodria Lailatul , Hairunisa Indah , Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Hermawan Adam , Meiyanto Edy 
Published: March 2019

Breast cancer with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER)2 overexpression increases tumor progession and lead to metastasis, which is primarily cause of mortality in breast cancer. Pentagamaboronon-0 Sorbitol (PGB-0-So) is an aquoeous formulation of curcumin analog, PGB-0, with sorbitol. This compound has been developed as an anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a boron carrying pharmaceutical for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The aims of this study are to investigate antimetastatic activities of PGB-0-So against HER2-overexpressed MCF-7 breast cancer (MCF-7/HER2) cells. The MTT cytotoxicity assay of PGB-0-So exhibited cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 35 μM. The testing of anti-migration activity using the scratch wound healing assay demonstrated that PGB-0-So inhibited the closure of the wound on MCF-7/HER2 cells compare to the control. Furthermore, PGB-0-So was able to suppress matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activities, based on the gelatin zymography assay. In conclusion, PGB-0-So has potency to be developed as an anti-cancer agent against metastatic breast cancer.Keywords : PGB-0-So, anti-metastatsis, cell migration, MMP-9, MCF-7/HER2
Dampak Proses Sintering Material Keramik pada Sifat Mekanik dan Dimensi Suatu Produk
Authors: Sulistyo Sulistyo 
Published: March 2019

Proses sintering adalah proses pemanasan suatu material yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kekuatannya. Proses sintering pada material keramik dapat dilakukan pada temperatur tertentu . Temperatur yang dipakai tergantung dari karakteristik material keramik itu sendiri. Di wilayah Indonesia memiliki potensi bahan keramik sehingga diperlukan pemahaman proses sintering yang memadai untuk memperoleh karakteristik produk yang diharapkan sesuai kebutuhan bidang rekayasa. Paper ini membahas tentang proses sintering pada material keramik tanah liat (clay) menjadi produk kemudian dievaluasi perubahan dimensi dan kekuatan. Tanah liat dalam bentuk gumpalan besar (bongkahan) dikeringkan pada udara biasa dengan memanfaatkan panas sinar matahari selama 3 hari. Bongkahan tanah liat yang sudah kering dinacurkan secara manual menjadi bubuk. Pengukuran serbuk dilakukan dengan metode ayakan (sieving) menggunakan mesh 100. Serbuk dibentuk dalam bentuk disk dan silinder berpori dengan metode kompaksi dilanjutkan proses sintering. Sintering dilakukan pada suhu 950 C dan 1250 C. Ukuran produk sintering diukur menggunakan caliper. Kekuatan mekanik diukur dengan menggunakan three point bending. Proses sintering pada suhu 1250 C menghasilkan penyusutan yang paling besar dan kekuatan bending yang terbaik. Informasi ukuran sangat diperlukan dalam proses perakitan menjadi produk akhir
Neural Processing of Communication Signals: The Extent of Sender–Receiver Matching Varies across Species ofApteronotus
Authors: Allen Kathryne M. , Marsat Gary 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs communication signal properties change, through genetic drift or selective pressure, the sensory systems that receive these signals must also adapt to maintain sensitivity and adaptability in an array of contexts. Shedding light on this process helps us to understand how sensory codes are tailored to specific tasks. In a species of weakly electric fish,Apteronotus albifrons, we examined the unique neurophysiological properties that support the encoding of electrosensory communication signals that the animal encounters in social exchanges. We compare our findings to the known coding properties of the closely related speciesApteronotus leptorhynchusto establish how these animals differ in their ability to encode their distinctive communication signals. While there are many similarities between these two species, we found notable differences leading to relatively poor coding of the details of chirp structure occurring on high-frequency background beats. As a result, small differences in chirp properties are poorly resolved by the nervous system. We performed behavioral tests to relateA. albifronschirp coding strategies to its use of chirps during social encounters. Our results suggest thatA. albifronsdoes not exchange frequent chirps in a nonbreeding condition, particularly when the beat frequency is high. These findings parallel the mediocre chirp coding accuracy in that they both point to a reduced reliance on frequent and rich exchange of information through chirps during these social interactions. Therefore, our study suggests that neural coding strategies in the CNS vary across species in a way that parallels the behavioral use of the sensory signals.
Selective Restoration ofPomcExpression in Glutamatergic POMC Neurons: Evidence for a Dynamic Hypothalamic Neurotransmitter Network
Authors: Jones Graham L. , Wittmann Gábor , Yokosawa Eva B. , Yu Hui , Mercer Aaron J. , Lechan Ronald M. , Low Malcolm J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHypothalamic POMC deficiency leads to obesity and metabolic deficiencies, largely due to the loss of melanocortin peptides. However, POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are comprised of glutamatergic and GABAergic subpopulations. The developmental program, relative proportion and function of these two subpopulations are unresolved. To test whether glutamatergic POMC neurons serve a distinct role in maintaining energy homeostasis, we activatedPomcexpression Cre- dependently inVglut2-expressing neurons of mice with conditionally silencedPomcalleles. TheVglut2-Pomcrestored mice had normal ARCPomcmRNA levels, POMC immunoreactivity, as well as body weight and body composition at age 12 weeks. Unexpectedly, the cumulative total ofVglut2+glutamatergic- andGad67+GABAergic-Pomcneurons detected byin situhybridization (ISH) exceeded 100% in bothVglut2-Pomcrestored and control mice, indicating that a subpopulation ofPomcneurons must express both neuronal markers. Consistent with this hypothesis, triple ISH of C57BL/6J hypothalami revealed that 35% of ARCPomcneurons were selectivelyGad67+, 21% were selectivelyVglut2+, and 38% expressed bothGad67andVglut2. The singleGad67+andVglut2+Pomcneurons were most prevalent in the rostral ARC, while theVglut2/Gad67+dual-phenotype cells predominated in the caudal ARC. A lineage trace using Ai9-tdTomato reporter mice to label fluorescently allVglut2-expressing neurons showed equal numbers of tdTomato+and tdTomato-POMC immunoreactive neurons. Together, these data suggest that POMC neurons exhibit developmental plasticity in their expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic markers, enabling re-establishment of normal energy homeostasis in theVglut2-Pomcrestored mice.
Sign Tracking and Goal Tracking Are Characterized by Distinct Patterns of Nucleus Accumbens Activity
Authors: Gillis Zachary S. , Morrison Sara E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDuring Pavlovian conditioning, if a cue (e.g., lever extension) predicts reward delivery in a different location (e.g., a food magazine), some individuals will come to approach and interact with the cue, a behavior known as sign tracking (ST), and others will approach the site of reward, a behavior known as goal tracking (GT). In rats, the acquisition of ST versus GT behavior is associated with distinct profiles of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but it is unknown whether it is associated with different patterns of accumbens neural activity. Therefore, we recorded from individual neurons in the NAc core during the acquisition, maintenance, and extinction of ST and GT behavior. Even though NAc dopamine is specifically important for the acquisition and expression of ST, we found that cue-evoked excitatory responses encode the vigor of both ST and GT behavior. In contrast, among sign trackers only, there was a prominent decrease in reward-related activity over the course of training, which may reflect the decreasing reward prediction error encoded by phasic dopamine. Finally, both behavior and cue-evoked activity were relatively resistant to extinction in sign trackers, as compared with goal trackers, although a subset of neurons in both groups retained their cue-evoked responses. Overall, the results point to the convergence of multiple forms of reward learning in the NAc.
Neuronal Adaptation Reveals a Suboptimal Decoding of Orientation Tuned Populations in the Mouse Visual Cortex
Authors: Jin Miaomiao , Beck Jeffrey M. , Glickfeld Lindsey L. 
Published: March 2019

Sensory information is encoded by populations of cortical neurons. Yet, it is unknown how this information is used for even simple perceptual choices such as discriminating orientation. To determine the computation underlying this perceptual choice, we took advantage of the robust visual adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). We first designed a stimulus paradigm in which we could vary the degree of neuronal adaptation measured in V1 during an orientation discrimination task. We then determined how adaptation affects task performance for mice of both sexes and tested which neuronal computations are most consistent with the behavioral results given the adapted population responses in V1. Despite increasing the reliability of the population representation of orientation among neurons, and improving the ability of a variety of optimal decoders to discriminate target from distractor orientations, adaptation increases animals' behavioral thresholds. Decoding the animals' choice from neuronal activity revealed that this unexpected effect on behavior could be explained by an overreliance of the perceptual choice circuit on target preferring neurons and a failure to appropriately discount the activity of neurons that prefer the distractor. Consistent with this all-positive computation, we find that animals' task performance is susceptible to subtle perturbations of distractor orientation and optogenetic suppression of neuronal activity in V1. This suggests that to solve this task the circuit has adopted a suboptimal and task-specific computation that discards important task-related information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA major goal in systems neuroscience is to understand how sensory signals are used to guide behavior. This requires determining what information in sensory cortical areas is used, and how it is combined, by downstream perceptual choice circuits. Here we demonstrate that when performing a go/no-go orientation discrimination task, mice suboptimally integrate signals from orientation tuned visual cortical neurons. While they appropriately positively weight target-preferring neurons, they fail to negatively weight distractor-preferring neurons. We propose that this all-positive computation may be adopted because of its simple learning rules and faster processing, and may be a common approach to perceptual decision-making when task conditions allow.