bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung eines Planungsleitfadens für das Anfahren von Querschlägen bei maschinellem Vortrieb
Authors: Walter Andreas , Mihaylov Vladislav , Wagner Hanns 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe connection between tunnels and cross passages places high demands on support and safety measures, especially for mechanized tunnelling with segmental lining. The critical task is to develop a temporary support system during the opening of the precast segmental lining until the inner lining of the cross passage has developed its full bearing capacity and is acting as a final support measure. For singleshell tunnels with waterproof linings, the serviceability of a durable waterproofing connection has to be ensured. A working group initiated by Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) has been concentrating on the opening of cross passages in TBM tunnels. The result of the research will be summarized in a guideline for the design of cross passage openings in tunnel with segmental lining. The guideline will describe the different systems already used for various scenarios according to the state of the technology. The paper summarizes the current state of the guideline and provides some recommended systems for lining support, waterproofing systems as well as some fundamental structural design models for the different support and coupling elements.
Geochronology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Late Triassic Xiuwacu biotite granite in the southern Yidun Terrane, southwest China: Insights into the petrogenesis and magmatic fertility
Authors: Yan Tao‐Tao , Zhang Xiang‐Fei , Wang Da , Yang Zhen 
Published: February 2019

The southern Yidun Terrane formed in response to the westward subduction of the Garzê–Litang oceanic lithosphere. The Xiuwacu pluton, consisting of the Late Triassic biotite granite and Late Cretaceous monzogranite porphyry, is located in the northern portion of the southern Yidun Terrane. It hosts the Late Cretaceous quartz‐vein‐type Mo–W deposit genetically related to the intraplate monzogranite porphyry. However, the petrogenesis and magmatic fertility of the biotite granite remain unclear. Sixteen zircons from the biotite granite yield a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 217 ± 1.2 Ma, indicating that the biotite granite emplaced synchronously with the arc‐related andesites and porphyries in the southern Yidun Terrane. Unlike these slab melt‐derived adakitic rocks, the Xiuwacu biotite granites show typical I‐type granite affinities, with relatively high SiO2 contents, low Sr/Y ratios, and high Y contents. These granites display depleted zircon Hf isotopic signatures (ƐHf(t) = 0.6–3.8) but enriched whole‐rock Sr–Nd and zircon O isotopic signatures, suggesting that the mixing between juvenile materials and external enriched melts might have contributed to the generation of biotite granite. Moreover, they show relatively high Al2O3/(FeOT + MgO + TiO2), Th/Yb, and Th/Nb ratios, which are collectively indicative of the input of sediment melts extracted from subducting slab into the melt source of biotite granite. The high MgO, TiO2, F, and Cl contents of biotite and the excess Al of plagioclase suggest that the Xiuwacu biotite granites formed under high oxygen fugacities, magmatic water contents, and volatiles components and they might have Cu prospecting potentials.
False negative rate of fine‐needle aspiration in thyroid nodules: impact of nodule size and ultrasound pattern
Authors: Ahn Hye Shin , Na Dong Gyu , Baek Jung Hwan , Sung Jin Yong , Kim Ji‐Hoon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo retrospectively evaluate the false negative rate of ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) according to the nodule size and ultrasound pattern.MethodsWe included 432 consecutive thyroid nodules from 384 patients who underwent ultrasound‐guided FNA with benign results (≥1 cm). The false negative rate in the nodules was assessed according to the nodule size and ultrasound pattern based on the Korean‐Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K‐TIRADS).ResultsThe overall false negative rate was 3.2%. There was a trend toward an increasing false negative rate as the K‐TIRADS score increased (P < .001). In low or high suspicion nodules (K‐TIRADS 3 and 5), there was no significant difference in false negative rate according to the nodule size; however, among the intermediate suspicion nodules (K‐TIRADS 4), the false negative rate was higher in large nodules (≥3 cm, P = .039).ConclusionThe impact of nodule size on the false negative rate differed according to the ultrasound pattern.
Chronic Kidney Disease Worsens Health Outcomes in Diabetic Patients After Hip Fracture Surgery: An Asian Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Po-Hua , Chen Tien-Hsing , Lin Yu-Sheng , Lin Su-Ju , Kuo Liang-Tseng , Chen Chi-Lung , Yu Pei-An , Hsu Wei-Hsiu 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

There is an increased tendency for hip fractures in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment for hip fractures, there is scant information on outcomes after hip fracture surgery in diabetic patients at different stages of CKD. In this population-based cohort study, we compared the surgical outcome, readmission, and mortality rates after osteosynthesis of hip fractures in diabetic patients with different stages of renal function. Diabetic patients who received primary osteosynthesis for hip fracture between January 1997 and December 2013 were enrolled. The primary outcomes were surgical outcomes, including infection and revision surgery. The secondary outcomes were all-cause readmission and mortality. This study included 44,065 patients; 11,954 had CKD (diabetic CKD group), 1662 patients were receiving dialysis (diabetic dialysis group), and 30,449 patients had no CKD (diabetic non-CKD group). We found that the diabetic dialysis group had a significantly higher risk of infection and revision surgery compared with diabetic non-CKD patients (HR = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.87; HR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.33 to 1.97, respectively, both P &lt; 0.001) and diabetic CKD patients (HR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.99; HR = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.80, respectively, both P &lt; 0.001). Diabetic CKD patients had a comparable risk of surgical complications including infection and revision as diabetic non-CKD patients. For readmission and mortality, the diabetic dialysis group had the highest risk among the three groups at all time-points (3 months after surgery, 1 year, and the last follow-up, all P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the diabetic non-CKD group, the diabetic CKD group had an elevated risk of readmission and mortality at all time-points (all P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, CKD was associated with worse outcomes after hip fracture fixation surgery. Although at significantly higher risk of readmission and mortality, CKD patients still had a comparable risk of infection and revision to non-CKD patients. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Trichloroethylene solubilization using a series of commercial biodegradable ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants
Authors: Garza‐Arévalo Javier I , Intiso Adriano , Proto Antonio , Rossi Federico , Sanchez‐Dominguez Margarita 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough certain pollutants are prohibited or heavily regulated, particularly in Europe and the USA, contaminated sites still represent a serious threat to the environment and health. The physical and chemical properties of ‘dense non‐aqueous phase liquid’ (DNAPL) pollutants such as trichloroethylene (TCE), including their low solubility, high specific density and tendency to remain adsorbed to organic materials, make their removal from polluted sites extremely difficult.RESULTSThis study tested the ability of a series of commercial fatty alcohol ethoxylated surfactants of CiEj type (i = number of carbons in the alkyl chain; j = number of ethylene oxide (EO) units), known to be biodegradable and low‐cost, to improve the solubility of TCE in water; this would make its removal from contaminated sites more effective. The solubility of TCE in Synperonic™ 91/5 (C10E5), 91/6 (C10E6), 91/8 (C10E8), 91/10 (C10E10) and 13/8 (C13E8) aqueous solutions was evaluated and the solubilization performances were reported as molar and weight solubilization ratios (MSR and WSR). Solubility was measured above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) up to 0.7 mol L−1 at 5, 20 and 30 °C to assess the feasibility of the approach for TCE removal from sites located in different climatic areas. Increasing EO units contributed to improved TCE solubility (at constant alkyl chain length).CONCLUSIONThe best surfactant was Synperonic™ 91/10 with an MSR of 3.54 at 19 °C. The results show that an optimal combination of EO units and alkyl chain length, and not only the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) value, is key for the design of effective TCE remediation systems from groundwater. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Thirty‐day readmissions in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A good metric for hospital quality?
Authors: Ng Isaac , Du Rose 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThirty‐day readmission rates has been increasingly used by clinicians, hospital administrators, and policy makers as a metric for the quality of care. However, the 30‐day readmission rates may be affected by other factors intrinsic to the patient and may not be a good measure of the quality of care provided by the hospital. In this review, we examined the quality of the 30‐day readmissions rate as a quality metric for the quality of care provided to patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It has been shown that in this patient population, 30‐day readmission rate primarily captures values, such as the number of comorbidities, disease severity, and discharge dispositions. There is little association between SAH 30‐day readmission rates and mortality. However, 30‐day readmissions may be reduced by increasing early discharge surveillance, providing readmission reduction programs to patients discharged to medical facilities as well as to home, and identifying patients most at risk for readmission.
Influence of Methods Used to Establish Sarcopenia Cutoff Values for Skeletal Muscle Measures Using Unenhanced and Contrast‐Enhanced Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Feng Zhichao , Rong Pengfei , Luo Muqing , Sun Xianxi , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple cutoff values of computed tomography (CT)‐based skeletal muscle measures have been proposed, but there is currently no consensus used to identify sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate the influence of statistical methods used to establish sarcopenia cutoff values and to examine the impact of contrast enhancement on the skeletal muscle measures.MethodsThe skeletal muscle area (SMA) and muscle radiation attenuation (MRA) of 316 healthy individuals were measured on unenhanced CT images at the third lumbar vertebra level, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was SMA divided by height squared. Possible cutoff values were established using 2 methods: 5th percentile of individuals aged 20‐60 years or mean − 2 × SD of individuals aged 20‐50 years. The concordance was assessed using Cohen's κ coefficients and McNemar test. The skeletal muscle parameters on 3 phases from 30 CT examinations were compared.ResultsThe concordance between the 2 methods was almost perfect (κ coefficients: 0.830‐0.849) for low MRA but slight to moderate (κ coefficients: 0.189‐0.591) for low SMI, especially in the men (P < 0.01). Compared with the unenhanced images, the mean SMA, SMI, and MRA on the contrast‐enhanced images increased by 0.8%‐1.7%, 0.8%‐1.8%, and 14.8%‐21.6% (all P < 0.001), respectively, and only the changes in MRA were clinically significant.ConclusionsThe methods for establishing cutoff values and contrast enhancement influence the identification of low SMI and low MRA, respectively. Thus, the definition of sarcopenia should include the standardized method for establishing cutoff values and the phase of CT for analysis.
Evaluating the relationship between ductal carcinoma in situ, calcifications, and margin status in patients undergoing breast conserving surgery
Authors: Bruenderman Elizabeth H. , Bhutiani Neal , Mercer Megan K. , McMasters Kelly M. , Sanders Mary Ann G. , Ajkay Nico lás 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicrocalcifications associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS‐AMC) close to lumpectomy margins could be used as a surrogate for margin involvement and aid in decreasing margin re‐excision. We sought to evaluate the histologic factors of DCIS‐AMC near lumpectomy margins.MethodsWomen with DCIS treated with breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) who had DCIS‐AMC on surgical specimens were identified. Pathology slides were reviewed to determine the distance of DCIS‐AMC from each margin (six per specimen) and the distance of DCIS from each margin (ie, margin status).ResultsOf 35 patients (210 margins), 24 had close/positive margins (39 margins [18%]). DCIS‐AMC≤10 mm from a margin was associated with a greater incidence of DCIS≤2 mm from the margin (31.7% DCIS‐AMC≤10 mm vs 13.3% no DCIS‐AMC≤10 mm, P = 0.003). On multivariable analysis, DCIS≤2 mm from the margin was independently associated with DCIS‐AMC≤10 mm from the margin (odds ratio 2.95, 95% confidence interval 1.48‐5.86, P = 0.002).ConclusionsDCIS‐AMC≤10 mm from the inked margin is associated with DCIS at or close to the margin (≤2 mm). Using this knowledge, intraoperative techniques like specimen radiography could be utilized to detect microcalcifications≤10 mm from a margin and guide selective margin re‐excision in BCS.
Radio‐guided vs clip‐guided localization of nonpalpable mass‐like lesions of the breast from a screened population: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Corsi Fabio , Bossi Daniela , Combi Francesca , Papadopoulou Ourania , Amadori Rosella , Regolo Lea , Trifirò Giuseppe , Albasini Sara , Mazzucchelli Serena , Sorrentino Luca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAn accurate localization is mandatory to tailor breast lumpectomy in nonpalpable cancers. The aim of this study was to compare radio‐guided localization (ROLL) vs ultrasound localization of a titanium clip with collagen (TCC) in nonpalpable mass‐like breast cancers.MethodsTwo hundred seventy‐three consecutive patients were reviewed: 64 patients were localized by TCC and 209 patients by ROLL. Propensity score‐matched analysis was performed. Margin status and reintervention rates were compared. Adequacy of resection was expressed as the calculated resection ratio (CRR) considering lesion size. Loco‐regional and distant recurrence rates were assessed with ROLL vs TCC.ResultsNo differences were found with ROLL vs TCC in clear margins (90.6% vs 89.1%; odds ratio, 0.74; P = 0.64) or reoperations (6.7% vs 1.6%; P = 0.529). ROLL allowed more tailored resections compared with TCC (adjusted CRR, 1.7 vs 2.7; P = 0.0008), particularly in lesions with associated extensive intraductal component (CRR, 3.0 vs 4.5; P = 0.017). Loco‐regional recurrence occurred in 1.9% of ROLL patients vs 3.2% of TCC cases (P = 0.628).ConclusionsROLL and TCC are equally effective to excise nonpalpable mass‐like breast cancers with clear margins, providing similar loco‐regional control. However, ROLL allows more tailored breast resections, particularly in lesions with the associated extensive intraductal component.
Ratio‐based staging systems are better than the 7th and 8th editions of the TNM in stratifying the prognosis of gastric cancer patients: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Agnes Annamaria , Biondi Alberto , Cananzi Ferdinando M , Rausei Stefano , Reddavid Rossella , Laterza Vito , Galli Federica , Quagliuolo Vittorio , Degiuli Maurizio , D'Ugo Domenico , Persiani Roberto 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe current and the previous editions of the tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) system for gastric cancer (GC; TNM8 and TNM7) have a high risk of stage‐migration bias when the node count after gastrectomy is suboptimal. Hence, they are possibly not the optimal staging systems for GC patients. This study aims to compare the TNM with two systems less affected by the stage‐migration bias, namely, the lymph nodes ratio (LNR) and the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS), to assess which one is the best in stratifying the prognosis of GC patients.MethodsThe sample study included 1221 GC patients. Two 7‐cluster staging systems based on the combination of pT categories and LNR and LODDS categories (TLNR and TLODDS) were compared with the two last editions of TNM, using the Akaike information criteria, the Bayesian information criteria, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve graphs. Further validation on an independent sample of 251 patients was carried out.ResultsThe univariable and multivariable analyses and the ROC curves detected an advantage of the TLNR and TLODDS systems over the TNM. The TLNR and TLODDS showed the best accuracy both in the subgroup of patients with ≥16 nodes examined. The results were confirmed in the validation analysis.ConclusionsTLNR and TLODDS staging systems should be considered a valid implementation of the TNM for the prognostic stratification of GC patients. If these results are confirmed in further studies, the future implementation of the TNM should consider the introduction of the LNR or the LODDS along with the number of metastatic nodes.
A method based on precolumn derivatization and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of phthalimide and phthalic acid in tea
Authors: Gao Guanwei , Chen Hongping , Chai Yunfeng , Jin Lili , Liu Xin , Lu Chengyin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhthalimide can be formed from either the degradation of folpet and phosmet, or reaction of phthalic anhydride with primary amino groups. Consequently, the sum of phthalimide and folpet, expressed as folpet‐residue definition, is highly prone to false‐positive levels of folpet in tea. An analytical method is thus urgently needed to investigate the residue level and source of phthalimide in tea. In this work, we developed an accurate method of determining phthalimide and phthalic acid (the indicator of phthalic anhydride) by acetonitrile extraction and 3‐bromopropyltrimethylammonium bromide derivatization coupled with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The method was validated, and linearity (correlation coefficients > 0.99) was obtained. Satisfactory recoveries at 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/kg ranged from 76 to 117%, and the intra‐ and interday accuracies were <23%. The limit of quantification for phthalimide and phthalic acid was 10 μg/kg. The developed method was further successfully used to determine phthalimide and phthalic acid in some tea samples. The positive rate of phthalimide and phthalic acid detected in the tea samples ranged from 30–75 and 50–90%, respectively.
Effects of tree dieback on lake water acidity in the unmanaged catchment of Plešné Lake, Czech Republic
Authors: Kopáček Jiří , Kaňa Jiří , Porcal Petr , Vrba Jaroslav , Norton Stephen A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTerrestrial exports of protons (H+), nitrate (NO3−), dissolved organic carbon including organic acid anions (A−), phosphorus (P), base cations, and ionic aluminum (Ali) underwent pronounced changes after bark beetle‐induced tree dieback (2004–2008) in a nitrogen‐saturated, chronically acidified but recovering catchment, Plešné Lake, Czech Republic. After a short decline in lake water pH immediately after tree dieback, the ecosystem recovery from acidification accelerated and the carbonate buffering system was restored by 2011, after ∼ 6 decades of depletion by acid rain. Major reasons for this rapid transition were changes in intensity of in‐lake biogeochemical (H+ producing/removing) processes caused by changing concentrations and proportions of solutes exported from soil to surface water. In‐lake denitrification, elevated NO3− assimilation (due to elevated P input), and photochemical/microbial oxidation of A− were the most important H+ removing processes, while Ali hydrolysis was the most important H+ source. Phytoplankton biomass increased with elevated P inputs and increasing P availability, which resulted from reduced in‐lake formation of Al hydroxide (and thus less adsorption of P) and more intensive P recycling by zooplankton. The rapidly changing lake water chemistry and elevated P availability after tree dieback in the catchment thus have enabled further biological recovery of Plešné Lake.
Conductive Recyclable Organogel Composites
Authors: Rahimi AliReza , Herzog‐Arbeitman Abraham , García Jeannette M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the use of automation in industry accelerates, the development of flexible, electrically conducting materials with the requisite environmental resilience for impact‐resistant sensors, foldable electronics, and electrostatic shielding are needed; simultaneously, recyclability for these materials remains a crucial attribute. Traditional conductive stretchable materials, such as rubbers, are not recyclable, and hydrogel materials have limited applications due to water evaporation and operating temperature range. Comparatively, organogels can be formulated with enhanced tunability, matrix recyclability, and the ability to support many conductive fillers. Here, rheology, mechanical testing, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterize the nanoscale interactions between carbon fillers, the liquid phase, and the network matrix in hemiaminal dynamic covalent network (HDCN) organogels. HDCN chemical equilibria are shown to strongly influence macroscopic gel properties, while HDCN composites exhibit very high conductivities up to 9.95 mS cm−1 appropriate for sensing applications, demonstrating promise as recyclable alternatives for conductive stretchable materials.
Eugenol‐Derived Bismaleimide High Performance Resins and Composites Using Diisocyanate as Property Modifier
Authors: Ning Yi , Li Dian‐sen , Wang Ming‐cun , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new kind of high performance bismaleimide resin with good processability and improved toughness is synthesized by chemical modification of 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMI) by eugenol (EG) and different contents of 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). MDI‐EG‐BMI resins exhibit good thermal stability for its 5% weight loss temperatures around 300 °C and its residue of 41.61% at 900 °C, which are much higher than those of EG‐BMI resin. Then, the carbon fiber‐reinforced MDI‐EG‐BMI composites are fabricated. The mechanical properties of the composites matrixed by MDI‐EG‐BMI resins are better than those by EG‐BMI resin. For carbon/MDI‐EG‐BMI composites, their glass transition temperatures are higher than 300 °C, and their flexural strength, moduli, and toughness are maintained at a range of 217.47–404.36 MPa, 35.12–48.49 GPa, and 1.16–2.63 MJ m−3 respectively; with the contents increasing of MDI in the resin formulation, the flexural properties first increase then decrease; comprehensively the composite with 30 wt% MDI has the best mechanical and thermal properties.