bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Ionic Conductive, Healable, and Adhesive Polysiloxane‐Supported Ionogel
Authors: Li Zhongxiao , Wang Jinke , Hu Ruofei , Lv Chi , Zheng Junping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new kind of polysiloxane‐supported ionogel is successfully designed via locking ionic liquids (ILs), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][Tf2N]), into poly(aminopropyl‐methylsiloxane) (PAPMS) grafted with [2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) in the presence of tannic acid (TA). The novel ionogel exhibits good mechanical and recovery properties, as well as high ionic conductivity (1.19 mS cm−1) at 25 °C. In addition, the totally physical dual‐crosslinked network based on ionic aggregates among METAC and the hydrogen bonds between PAPMS and TA provides excellent self‐healing ability, which allows the damaged ionogel to almost completely heal (≈83%) in 12 h at room temperature. Interestingly, the obtained ionogel also shows satisfactory adhesive behavior to various solid materials. Moreover, this novel ionogel can maintain its high ionic conductivity and recovery property even at subzero temperatures. Therefore, this polysiloxane‐supported ionogel is anticipated to be advantageous in flexible electronic devices such as sensors and supercapacitors, even at low temperatures.
Different Routes to Ampholytic Polydehydroalanine: Orthogonal versus Simultaneous Deprotection
Authors: Kruse Jan‐Hendrik , Biehl Philip , Schacher Felix Helmut 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolydehydroalanine (PDha) is a polyampholyte featuring both a –NH2 and a –COOH in every repeat unit and with that presents a rather high charge density. The synthesis and polymerization of two monomers, benzyl 2‐tert‐butoxycarbonylaminoacrylate and methyl 2‐benzyloxycarbonylaminoacrylate is herein reported, which feature different protective groups and, after polymerization, the resulting PtBABA and PBOMA can be transformed into PDha using polymer‐analogous modification reactions. More important, the current choice of protective groups allows either simultaneous deprotection in one step in both cases, but also the orthogonal deprotection of either –NH2 or –COOH moiety for PtBABA, given that appropriate conditions are chosen. The polymers are prepared using free radical polymerization and all (intermediate) polymeric materials are investigated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography.
Gut–brain axis and the spread of α‐synuclein pathology: Vagal highway or dead end?
Authors: Breen David P. , Halliday Glenda M. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSpread of α‐synuclein pathology from the peripheral to central nervous system may be an important etiological factor in Parkinson's disease, although there are some unanswered questions about its correlation with neuronal loss. Experimental evidence has highlighted the gastrointestinal tract as a potential starting point for aggregated α‐synuclein, with the vagus nerve acting as a “highway” by which pathology may be transmitted to the lower brain stem. This review begins by highlighting the key studies demonstrating that α‐synuclein pathology has the ability to spread from certain sites in the gastrointestinal tract to the brain (and vice versa). We go on to assess the recent epidemiological studies that have shown that vagotomy and appendectomy may have the potential to reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discuss the factors in the gastrointestinal tract (such as dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, infection, and inflammation) that may trigger α‐synuclein aggregation in the first place, as well as other potential mechanisms underlying the distribution of α‐synuclein pathology in the brain. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The association between lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease progression and mortality
Authors: Paul Kimberly C. , Chuang Yu‐Hsuan , Shih I‐Fan , Keener Adrienne , Bordelon Yvette , Bronstein Jeff M. , Ritz Beate 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundLifestyle factors may contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease, but little is known about factors that influence progression. The objective of the current study was to examine whether caffeine or alcohol consumption, physical activity, or cigarette smoking is associated with progression and survival among PD patients.MethodsWe assessed lifelong coffee, tea, and alcohol consumption, smoking, and physical activity in a prospective community‐based cohort (n = 360). All patients were passively followed for mortality (2001‐2016); 244 were actively followed on average ± SD 5.3 ± 2.1 years (2007‐2014). Movement disorder specialists repeatedly assessed motor function (Hoehn & Yahr) and cognition (Mini‐Mental State Exam). We used Cox proportional hazards models and inverse probability weights to account for censoring.ResultsCoffee, caffeinated tea, moderate alcohol consumption, and physical activity were protective against at least 1 outcome. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were associated with increased risks. Coffee was protective against time to Hoehn & Yahr stage 3 (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.28‐1.01), cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.11, 0.48), and mortality (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.32‐0.69). Relative to moderate drinkers, those who never drank liquor and those who drank more heavily were at an increased risk of Hoehn & Yahr 3 (hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.90‐6.38; and hazard ratio, 2.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.03, 4.54, respectively). A history of competitive sports was protective against cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.22‐0.96) and Hoehn & Yahr 3 (hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.23‐0.79), as was physical activity measured by metabolic‐equivalent hours. Current cigarette smoking was associated with faster cognitive decline (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐10.01).ConclusionsThis population‐based study suggests that lifestyle factors influence PD progression and mortality. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Rhodiola species: A comprehensive review of traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and clinical study
Authors: Tao Hongxun , Wu Xu , Cao Jiliang , Peng Yu , Wang Anqi , Pei Jin , Xiao Jianbo , Wang Shengpeng , Wang Yitao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRhodiola species, belonging to the family Crassulaceae, have long been used as an adaptogen, tonic, antidepressant, and antistress medicine or functional food in Asia and Europe. Due to the valuable application, the growing demand of Rhodiola species has led to a rapid decrease in resource content. This review aims to summarize the integrated research progress of seven mainstream
Rhodiola species. We first outline both traditional and current use of
Rhodiola for the treatment of various diseases. A detailed summary and comparison of chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical studies of various
Rhodiola species highlight recent scientific advances and gaps, which gives insights into the understanding of
Rhodiola application and would be helpful to improve the situation of biological resources and diversities of
Rhodiola plants.
Desmopressin for treating nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review: A report from the Neuro‐Urology Promotion Committee of the International Continence Society (ICS)
Authors: Phé Véronique , Schneider Marc P. , Peyronnet Benoit , Abo Youssef Nadim , Mordasini Livio , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel , Bachmann Lucas M. , Kessler Thomas M. 
Published: January 2019

AimsTo systematically assess all available evidence on efficacy and safety of desmopressin for treating nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies were identified by electronic search of Cochrane register, Embase, Medline, Scopus (last search March 3, 2018) and by screening of reference lists and reviews.ResultsAfter screening of 7015 abstracts, 8 prospective, and 1 retrospective studies were included enrolling a total of 178 patients. The mean patient age ranged between 43 and 51 years. A significant decrease in the number of micturitions per night was reported in 5 studies. An increase in the maximum hours of uninterrupted sleep was only found in two studies. A significant reduction of the volume of nocturnal incontinence was described in one study. The patient satisfaction rates ranged from 56% to 82%. The rate of adverse events was between 0% and 57.9%. The rate of hyponatremia ranged from 0% to 23.5% and other commonly reported adverse events were headache, nausea, fluid retention, rhinitis/epistaxis, malaise, and swollen ankles. Risk of bias and confounding was relevant in all studies.ConclusionsPreliminary data suggest that desmopressin might be effective for treating nocturia in patients with MS. However, adverse events are relatively common, the overall quality of evidence is low and the number of studied patients is very limited. Further studies with newer formulations of desmopressin are highly warranted.
Influence of residual impurities on ring‐opening metathesis polymerization after copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition click reaction
Authors: Choi Jinwoong , Kim Hyunjoo , Do Taeyang , Moon Junsoo , Choe Youngson , Kim Jeung Gon , Bang Joona 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBottlebrush polymers (BBPs) are three‐dimensional polymers with great academic and industrial potential owing to their highly tunable and intricate architecture. The most popular method to synthesize BBPs is ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with Grubbs' catalyst, allowing living grafting‐through polymerization of macromonomers of up to ultrahigh molecular weights with narrow molecular weight distribution. In this case, it has been well recognized that the purity of macromonomers (MMs) is critical for a successful ROMP reaction. For MMs synthesized from reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization, Grubbs and Xia demonstrated that the better control of ROMP reaction can be achieved when they are prepared via “growth‐then‐coupling” method that is coupling a norbornenyl group to end‐functionalized prepolymers. However, these MMs can also contain various residual impurities from previous synthetic steps, which can potentially poison the catalyst and hamper the ROMP reaction. Herein, we intentionally doped possible impurities into purified MMs to identify the most poisoning species. As a result, it was found that alkyne‐functionalized norbornene most significantly retarded the ROMP reaction due to a formation of Ru‐vinyl‐carbene intermediates having low catalytic reactivity, whereas the other reagents such as solvent, Cu‐catalyst, ligands, and azido‐terminated prepolymers were relatively inert. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 726–737
Size Reduction of HNS to Nanoscale by in Tandem Application of Chemo‐mechanical methods
Authors: Pandita Priyanka , Arya Vandana Pathania , Kaur Gurvinder , Kumar Rajesh , Singh Suman , Kumar Mahesh , Soni Pramod Kumar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the extent of particle size reduction of HNS and its characterization by applying sequentially the solvent based crystallization, ultrasonication, and ball‐milling. It was found that submicron ultrafine HNS (UF‐HNS) of mean diameter ∼0.5 μm with a size range extending to micron scale (∼3 μm) was produced by the solvent‐antisolvent crystallization process. This HNS was subsequently subjected to long duration ultrasonication up to 28 h and planetary ball milling up to 8 h. The HNS particles were characterized for morphology and particle size by scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser diffraction‐based and dynamic light scattering based particle size analyzer (PSA). The structural analysis was done by FTIR and thermal stability by the thermo‐gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The residual solvent content was estimated by headspace GC‐MS. Impact and friction sensitivity were evaluated by BAM fall hammer and friction sensitivity tester. Compared to ultrasonication varying from 4 h to 28 h, planetary ball milling of the micron‐sized HNS caused the size reduction to maximum extent and resulted in production of nano‐scale HNS (∼300 nm average diameter) with a very narrow size distribution of less than 1 μm which had lower impact sensitivity, thermal stability and lesser residual solvent content compared to micron‐sized HNS (UF‐HNS). Thus, nanoscale HNS with a very narrow size distribution was produced by application of the mechanical method of ball milling sequentially to the solvent based crystallization process.
Azido‐terminated Hyperbranched Multi‐arm Copolymer as Energetic Macromolecular Plasticizer
Authors: Zhang Guangpu , Li Jinqing , Sun Shixiong , Luo Yunjun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAzido‐terminated hyperbranched multi‐arm copolymer (POGA) with hyperbranched polyether core (PEHO‐c) and linear azido‐terminated glycidyl azide polymer arms (GAPA‐a) has been prepared. The structures of the polymers were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, GPC and elemental analysis. The molecular weight of POGA was up to ca 17000 g mol−1, far higher than that of common plasticizers (200∼1000 g mol−1). The enthalpy of formation and high nitrogen content of POGA demonstrated its remarkable energy level, and low impact and friction sensitivities indicated its good safety performance in mechanical stimuli. The results of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, calculated from non‐isothermal DSC, denoted a fine thermal stability of POGA. Furthermore, the plasticizing effect of POGA, evaluated by plasticizer efficiency and viscosity, was superior to A3 but inferior to Bu‐NENA, however, its exudation was much slower than that of small molecular plasticizers, especially Bu‐NENA. Moreover, the plasticizing mechanism of POGA as energetic macromolecular plasticizer was established by analyzing its structure and performance characteristics.
Isaria fumosorosea‐based zero‐valent iron nanoparticles affect the growth and survival of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Xu Jing , Wang Xingmin , Qiu Baoli , Cuthbertson Andrew G S , Du Cailian , Wu Jianhui , Ali Shaukat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNanoparticles can be used for effective pest management as a combined formulation of metal and some other material that has proven efficacy against a given pest. This study reports the synthesis, characterization and efficacy of Isaria fumosorosea‐based zero‐valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles against sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius).RESULTSThe I. fumosorosea‐ZVI nanoparticles showed a characteristic surface plasmon absorption band at 470 nm during UV‐visible spectroscopy. The scanning electron micrographs of nanoparticles showed spherical shaped nanoparticles with sizes ranging between 1.71 and 3.0 µm. The EDX analysis showed the characteristic peak of iron at 0.6 and 6.8 KeV. The XRD analysis showed characteristic peaks at 44.72°, 65.070°, 82.339° and 82.65°. The bioassay results indicated that the percentage of larval mortality of B. tabaci challenged with I. fumosorosea ZVI nanoparticles was both concentration and age dependent. Isaria fumosorosea ZVI nanoparticles showed high pathogenicity against second and third instar nymphs, and pupae with LC50 values of 19.17, 26.10 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. The LT50 was lowest for second instar nymphs (3.15 days) and highest for pupae (4.22 days) when inoculated with a concentration of 50 ppm.CONCLUSIONIsaria fumosorosea ZVI nanoparticles can be an eco‐friendly tool for effective B. tabaci management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a rapid assessment method for detecting insecticide resistance in spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura)
Authors: Van Timmeren Steven , Sial Ashfaq A , Lanka Srinivas K , Spaulding Nathan R , Isaacs Rufus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpotted wing Drosophila is an invasive pest of fruit crops in most production regions globally, and insecticides are commonly used for its control. The biology of this pest combined with repeated pesticide exposure increases the risk of resistance to insecticides. We tested malathion, methomyl, spinetoram, spinosad, and zeta‐cypermethrin against multiple colonies from each state using a contact bioassay method to determine diagnostic doses for assessment of insecticide susceptibility in this species. These were used to test populations collected in Michigan and Georgia, USA.RESULTSConcentrations required to reach 50% (LC50) and 90% mortality (LC90) were calculated for the tested populations, and male mortality consistently occurred at lower concentrations than female mortality. Fly mortality did not vary significantly among populations collected from unmanaged, organic, and conventional fields. Similar results were found using the diagnostic concentrations applied to glass jars.CONCLUSIONSUsing this method, samples of D. suzukii that are freshly caught or reared from fruit can be tested within 1 day for their mortality in response to discriminating doses of five key insecticides. This method can be used to inform proactive resistance management strategies within integrated pest management programs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Choosing the northern periphery: Paradoxes in the ways of dwelling of new residents of Eastern Minganie (North Shore, Québec, Canada)
Authors: Guimond Laurie , Desmeules Alexia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPulled by employment, Nordic exoticism, the desire to live “far” North or for other reasons, many Southerners choose to move to remote northern indigenous and nonindigenous communities in Québec (Canada). To better understand mobility and migration to northern peripheral regions, this article examines the paradoxicalways of dwellingof new residents who have settled in Eastern Minganie (North Shore, Québec), located about 1,300 km from Montreal, the province's metropolis. These migrants consist mainly of professionals in the fields of education, health, and social services. Research results point to four paradoxes related to mobility, remoteness, nordicity, rootedness, and otherness. They reveal both push and pull factors that nuance the idea of geographic remoteness as nothing more than a constraint on territorial development and local dynamism. Moreover, this article argues that mobility must be accepted, recognised, and even encouraged because, despite the paradoxes it raises, mobility remains essential to the vitality of Nordic peripheral areas.
Tracking control of nonlinear systems with improved performance via transformational approach
Authors: Zhao Kai , Song Yongduan , Chen Liang 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this work, we present a transformation‐based adaptive control design, for uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems, to achieve given performance specifications in terms of convergence rate/time, overshoot, steady‐state (zero‐error) precision, in addition to the primary stability requirement. For the case with no uncertainty and known control coefficient, by introducing a time‐varying scaling function and an error‐dependent transformation, we develop a control strategy that is able to achieve exponential and uniform convergence of the tracking error and at the same time maintain the output tracking overshoot to be as small as desired without the need for trajectory initialization resetting. For the case with nonparametric uncertainties and unknown control directions, by employing an additional time‐varying scaling function together with a self‐tuning Nussbaum function, we develop a control scheme that not only secures asymptotic tracking but also guarantees finite time transient process in that the tracking error, prior to converging to zero, is regulated into a prespecified residual set within a prescribed time. Both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations verify the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed method.
Multiclass AQM on a TCP/IP router: A control theory approach
Authors: El Fezazi Nabil , El Haoussi Fatima , Tissir El Houssaine , Bender Fernando Augusto , Alvarez Teresa 
Published: January 2019

SummaryActive queue management (AQM) is a well‐known technique to improve routing performance under congested traffic conditions. It is often deployed to regulate queue sizes, thus aiming for constant transmission delay. This work addresses AQM using an approach based on control theory ideas. Compared with previous results in the literature, the novelty is the consideration of heterogeneous traffic, ie, multiclass traffic. Thus, each traffic class may have different discarding policies, queue sizes, and bandwidth share. This feature brings the proposal nearer to real network management demands than previous approaches in the literature. The proposed technique assumes that each class already has a simple controller, designed a priori, and focuses on designing a static state‐feedback controller for the multiclass system, where the design is based on using LMIs for the calculations. For this, optimization problems with LMI constraints are proposed to compute the state‐feedback gains that ensure stability for a large set of admissible initial conditions. These conditions ensure not only closed‐loop stability but also some level of performance. As far as we know, this is the first control theory based approach for the AQM problem on TCP/IP routers that allows a multiclass AQM while also considering time‐varying delays and input saturation. This is an important step to frame AQM in a more formal, yet realistic context, enabling it to address important service level agreement (SLA) directives. The proposal is tested on a simulated system at the end of this paper, showing the feasibility and performance of the approach in the presence of multiclass traffic.
The use of prognostic scores for causal inference with general treatment regimes
Authors: Nguyen Tri‐Long , Debray Thomas P.A. 
Published: January 2019

In nonrandomised studies, inferring causal effects requires appropriate methods for addressing confounding bias. Although it is common to adopt propensity score analysis to this purpose, prognostic score analysis has recently been proposed as an alternative strategy. While both approaches were originally introduced to estimate causal effects for binary interventions, the theory of propensity score has since been extended to the case of general treatment regimes. Indeed, many treatments are not assigned in a binary fashion and require a certain extent of dosing. Hence, researchers may often be interested in estimating treatment effects across multiple exposures. To the best of our knowledge, the prognostic score analysis has not been yet generalised to this case. In this article, we describe the theory of prognostic scores for causal inference with general treatment regimes. Our methods can be applied to compare multiple treatments using nonrandomised data, a topic of great relevance in contemporary evaluations of clinical interventions. We propose estimators for the average treatment effects in different populations of interest, the validity of which is assessed through a series of simulations. Finally, we present an illustrative case in which we estimate the effect of the delay to Aspirin administration on a composite outcome of death or dependence at 6 months in stroke patients.