bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluoride‐Free Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Titanium Carbide (MXene) Using A Binary Aqueous System
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhang Panpan , Wang Faxing , Ricciardulli Antonio Gaetano , Lohe Martin R. , Blom Paul W. M. , Feng Xinliang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2) is emerging as an important member of the MXene family. However, fluoride‐based synthetic procedures remain an impediment to the practical applications of this promising class of materials. Here we demonstrate an efficient fluoride‐free etching method based on the anodic corrosion of titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3AlC2) in a binary aqueous electrolyte. The dissolution of aluminium followed by in situ intercalation of ammonium hydroxide results in the extraction of carbide flakes (Ti3C2Tx, T=O, OH) with sizes up to 18.6 μm and high yield (over 90 %) of mono‐ and bilayers. All‐solid‐state supercapacitor based on exfoliated sheets exhibits high areal and volumetric capacitances of 220 mF cm−2 and 439 F cm−3, respectively, at a scan rate of 10 mV s−1, superior to those of LiF/HCl‐etched MXenes. Our strategy paves a safe way to the scalable synthesis and application of MXene materials.
Supramolecular Electropolymerization
Authors: Ellis Thomas K. , Galerne Melodie , Armao Joseph J. , Osypenko Artem , Martel David , Maaloum Mounir , Fuks Gad , Gavat Odile , Moulin Emilie , Giuseppone Nicolas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGaining control over supramolecular polymerization mechanisms is of high fundamental interest to understand self‐assembly and self‐organization processes at the nanoscale. It is also expected to significantly impact the design and improve the efficiency of advanced materials and devices. Up to now, supramolecular polymerization has been shown to take place from unimers in solution, mainly by variations of temperature or of concentration. Reported here is that supramolecular nucleation‐growth of triarylamine monomers can be triggered by electrochemistry in various solvents. The involved mechanism offers new opportunities to precisely address in space and time the nucleation of supramolecular polymers at an electrode. To illustrate the potential of this methodology, supramolecular nanowires are grown an oriented over several tens of micrometers between different types of commercially available electrodes submitted to a single DC electric field, reaching a precision unprecedented in the literature.
Sequences of Sequences: Spatial Organization of Coded Matter through Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Digital Polymers
Authors: Szweda Roza , Tschopp Michel , Felix Olivier , Decher Gero , Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA library of 16 digitally encoded polyanions was used in a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte assembly to nanofabricate thin films containing digitally coded strata. The polyanions were digital polyphosphodiesters (d‐PPDE) prepared via an automated phosphoramidite process. Each component of the library contained 10 bytes of ASCII‐encoded text (i.e. 80 coded monomers); thus the entire library allows the writing of a full sentence, which can be stored in a multilayer film as a sequence of sequences. To prepare fully segregated digital domains, non‐coded layers composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)/poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were included between the d‐PPDE coded layers as an intermediate barrier. Detailed analysis of the film homogeneity indicated formation of 70 nm‐thick films in which digital layers are kept apart from another by non‐coded interlayers. As a result, the sequence‐coded polymer library could be piled‐up in a defined sequence of layers.
Entdeckung einer chemischen Sonde für MLLT1/3‐YEATS‐Domänen
Authors: Moustakim Moses , Christott Thomas , Monteiro Octovia P. , Bennett James , Giroud Charline , Ward Jennifer , Rogers Catherine M. , Smith Paul , Panagakou Ioanna , Díaz‐Sáez Laura , Felce Suet Ling , Gamble Vicki , Gileadi Carina , Halidi Nadia , Heidenreich David , Chaikuad Apirat , Knapp Stefan , Huber Kilian V. M. , Farnie Gillian , Heer Jag , Manevski Nenad , Poda Gennady , Al‐awar Rima , Dixon Darren J. , Brennan Paul E. , Fedorov Oleg 
Published: October 2018

AbstractYEATS‐Domänen(YD)‐enthaltende Proteine sind eine neue Klasse epigenetischer Zielstrukturen für die Wirkstoffentwicklung. Die YD‐enthaltenden Proteine MLLT1 (ENL/YEATS1) und MLLT3 (AF9/MLLT3) sind oft in Krebs dereguliert und wurden daher als potentielle Zielstrukturen für neue Therapieansätze diskutiert. Wir berichten hier die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung des ersten niedermolekularen Inhibitors der YD in MLLT1 und MLLT3, SGC‐iMLLT. Er ist ein potenter und selektiver Inhibitor der MLLT1/3‐Histon‐Interaktion und zeichnet sich durch exzellente Selektivität gegenüber anderen menschlichen YD‐Proteinen (YEATS2/4) und Bromodomänen aus. Aufgrund der zellulären Aktivität eignet sich die entwickelte chemische Sonde um die biologischen Funktionen der YD in MLLT1/3 und das therapeutische Potential dieser kleinen Proteininteraktionsdomänen zu verstehen.
Biomimetic DNA Nanotubes: Nanoscale Channel Design and Applications
Authors: Liu Xiaoguo , Zhao Yan , Liu Pi , Wang Lihua , Lin Jianping , Fan Chunhai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiomacromolecular nanotubes play important physiological roles in transmembrane ion/molecule channeling, intracellular transport, and inter‐cellular communications. While genetically encoded protein nanotubes are prevalent in vivo, the in vitro construction of biomimetic DNA nanotubes has attracted intense interest with the rise of structural DNA nanotechnology. The abiotic use of DNA assembly provides a powerful bottom‐up approach for the rational construction of complex materials with arbitrary size and shape at the nanoscale. More specifically, a typical DNA nanotube can be assembled either with parallel‐aligned DNA duplexes or by closing DNA tile lattices. These artificial DNA nanotubes can be tailored and site‐specifically modified to realize biomimetic functions including ionic or molecular channeling, bioreactors, drug delivery, and biomolecular sensing. In this Minireview, we aim to summarize recent advances in design strategies, including the characterization and applications of biomimetic DNA nanotubes.
“Printing” DNA Strand Patterns on Small Molecules with Control of Valency, Directionality, and Sequence
Authors: Trinh Tuan , Saliba Daniel , Liao Chenyi , de Rochambeau Donatien , Prinzen Alexander Lee , Li Jianing , Sleiman Hanadi F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe incorporation of synthetic molecules as corner units in DNA structures has been of interest over the last two decades. In this work, we present a facile method for generating branched small molecule‐DNA hybrids with controllable valency, different sequences, and directionalities (5′–3′) using a “printing” process from a simple 3‐way junction structure. We also show that the DNA‐imprinted small molecule can be extended asymmetrically using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and can be replicated chemically. This strategy provides opportunities to achieve new structural motifs in DNA nanotechnology and introduce new functionalities to DNA nanostructures.
Heterolysis of Dihydrogen by Nucleophilic Calcium Alkyls
Authors: Wilson Andrew S. S. , Dinoi Chiara , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , Maron Laurent 
Published: October 2018

Abstractβ‐Diketiminato (BDI) calcium alkyl derivatives undergo hydrogenolysis with H2 to regenerate [(BDI)CaH]2, allowing the catalytic hydrogenation of a wide range of 1‐alkenes and norbornene under very mild conditions (2 bar H2, 298 K). The reactions are deduced to take place with the retention of the dimeric structures of the calcium hydrido‐alkyl and alkyl intermediates via a well‐defined sequence of Ca−H/C=C insertion and Ca−C hydrogenation events. This latter deduction is strongly supported by DFT calculations (B3PW91) performed on the 1‐hexene/H2 system, which also indicates that the hydrogenation transition states display features which discriminate them from a classical σ‐bond metathesis mechanism. In particular, NBO analysis identifies a strong second order interaction between the filled α‐methylene sp3 orbital of the n‐hexyl chain and the σ* orbital of the H2 molecule, signifying that the H−H bond is broken by what is effectively the nucleophilic displacement of hydride by the organic substituent.
Copper‐Catalyzed Transsulfinamidation of Sulfinamides as a Key Step in the Preparation of Sulfonamides and Sulfonimidamides
Authors: Yu Hao , Li Zhen , Bolm Carsten 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSecondary or tertiary sulfinamides are prepared by copper‐catalyzed transsulfinamidation of primary sulfinamides with O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines. Subsequent oxidations of the resulting products lead to the corresponding sulfonamides. Treatment of N‐aryl sulfinamides with O‐benzoyl hydroxylamines under copper catalysis provides N‐aryl sulfonimidamides.
Oil Extraction from Rana catesbeiana by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Mechanical Pressing
Authors: Perina Henrique , Santos Katia Andressa , Fiorese Mônica Lady , Vieira Melissa Gurgel Adeodato , da Silva Edson Antonio , Scheufele Fabiano Bisinella , Borba Carlos Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOil extraction from the fat body of bullfrog (FBB) using supercritical carbon dioxide through supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and mechanical pressing (ME) was assessed. ME extraction was performed within a temperature range from 40 to 90 °C and the SFE at 40 °C and 15 MPa. The peroxide index (PI) and oxidative induction time (OIT) of the oil obtained from the ME were negatively influenced by the increase in the extraction temperature; however, the FBB oil extracted at 40 °C presented a high quality with acidity index and PI values of 4.7 mg KOH g−1 and 0.50 mEq kg−1, respectively. The oils obtained from both processes presented similar physicochemical characteristics, especially related to the composition. Significant amounts of ω‐3 (≈3.5%), ω‐6 (≈19%), and ω‐9 (≈50%) fatty acids were achieved. Thus, the valorization of the FBB through the recovery of its oil may be of great interest mainly due to the high yields achieved (66.7%).
Enhanced Synthesis of Fatty‐Acid Methyl Ester using Oil from Palm Oil Mill Effluents and Immobilized Palm Lipase
Authors: Paichid Nisa , Yunu Tewan , Klomklao Sappasith , Prasertsan Poonsuk , Sangkharak Kanokphorn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOil from palm oil mill effluents (POME) was utilized as the substrate for fatty‐acid methyl ester (FAME) production using lipase from palm fruit immobilized to chitosan beads as a catalyst. The optimal reaction conditions consisted of a methanol‐to‐oil ratio of 6:1 mol mol−1, 6 g immobilized lipase per 10 g of POME oil at an incubation temperature of 35°C, a mixing speed of 200 rpm (with a 5 cm orbital diameter), and a reaction time of 24 h. Under optimal conditions, the FAME content was 93.6% methanol‐free basis. In addition, immobilized lipase retained 90.5% after six subsequent reaction cycles (compared with the FAME content of the first batch). The properties of FAME were characterized and found to fulfill both Thailand and ASTM standards.
Regeneration of Used Frying Oils by Selected Metal–Organic Frameworks as Adsorbents
Authors: Yılmaz Emin , Güner Melike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to utilize seven synthesized metal–organic frameworks (MOF) and three natural clays as adsorbents in regenerating used frying oil. First, surface and pore properties, and morphologies of the adsorbents were determined, and used frying oil was treated at 0.1% addition (w/w) level. Then, physicochemical properties, mineral, and fatty‐acid compositions of oil were analyzed. Finally, a recycling study was performed over five cycles with three selected adsorbents. Although there were only small improvements in oil color values, oil turbidity was significantly reduced with the adsorbents. Free fatty acidity values were reduced by 50.6% and 42.2% with Ti‐MOF and zeolitic‐MOF (ZIF‐8‐MOF) adsorbent treatments. Likewise, peroxide value reductions ranged from 43.6% with the Ti‐MOF to 18.1% with natural zeolite. Reductions in the total polar materials (TPM) were the highest (42.5%) with aluminum‐MOF (Al‐MOF) followed by the ZIF‐8‐MOF (40.4%). Contents of aluminum, zinc, phosphorous, chromium, magnesium, and potassium were measured in the control and adsorbent‐treated oil samples, and it was found that there was no leakage of minerals from the MOF into the oil, but rather some reductions due to adsorption. Furthermore, recycling studies with Ti‐MOF, Cr‐MOF, and sepiolite showed that the MOF can be used up to five times with only small activity losses compared with sepiolite. Overall, this study demonstrated the great potential of the MOF as adsorbents for frying oil regeneration, and pointed out that more research needed to design and synthesize new MOF structures for applying in the edible oil industry.
Microencapsulation of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA)‐Rich Oil with Skimmed Milk Components Protects against Polymerization
Authors: Holgado Francisca , García‐Martínez M. Carmen , Velasco Joaquín , Ruiz‐Méndez M. Victoria , Márquez‐Ruiz Gloria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOils rich in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) are currently used in functional foods because of the positive health effects of some CLA isomers. In this work, microencapsulation of a CLA‐rich oil (containing approx. 80% of a mixture of 9c, 11 t, and 10 t, 12c‐ linoleic acid) with skimmed milk components is proposed as a means to protect it from oxidation and polymerization. The main physicochemical characteristics, i.e. glass transition temperature, mean oil globule size, and distribution, were evaluated. Microencapsulated samples, both intact and devoid of free oil fraction, along with the bulk oil, were oxidized at 30 °C in the dark for 3 months. Throughout storage, free and encapsulated oil fractions were separately extracted from samples and analyses including substrate loss by Gas liquid chromatography‐Flame ionization detection, polymer determination by High performance size exclusion chromatography‐Refractive index detection, and tocopherol content determination by High performance liquid chromatography‐Fluorescence detection were performed. Results showed that free oil oxidized much more rapidly than encapsulated oil. High amounts of polymers accumulated in samples with considerable high levels of tocopherols remain in encapsulated oil fractions. In samples devoid of free oil, a drastic change in the physical properties occurred but the oil polymerized to a similar extent to that found in the encapsulated fractions of intact samples.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ozonated Oil Nanoemulsions
Authors: Tığlı Aydın R. Seda , Kazancı Füsun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the use of ozonated oil (ozone enriched oil form) is being increasingly preferred for biomedical applications because of its antibacterial activity. Among most important reasons of this choice is the high molecular affinity of the ozone molecule and intracellular effects of the products of ozone and the unsaturated fatty‐acid chemical reactions in cellular signaling systems. The aim of the present study was to synthesize and optimize the ozonated oil nanoemulsion system that would be transferred into the living systems easily, suggesting a promising carrier system for various biomedical applications. By varying formulation parameters (surfactant‐to‐oil ratio, surfactant concentration, mixing rate, and surfactant type), nanoemulsions were investigated in terms of mean particle diameters, distributions, and stabilities. Nanoemulsions with high stability and small droplet diameters (212.7 nm) could be produced under optimized conditions with Tween 40 as the surfactant at a 750 rpm mixing rate using the emulsion inversion point (EIP) low‐energy method. Spherical and uniformly distributed nanoemulsions were observed by SEM, which also supports mean particle diameter measurements. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) studies indicated an ozonide structure within the nanoemulsion system, which remained even after 30 days of storage. The antibacterial activity of ozonated oil emulsions against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli suggests promising applications in the biomedical field.
Impact of vanadium‐, sulfur‐, and dysprosium‐doped zinc oxide nanoparticles on various properties of PVDF/functionalized‐PMMA blend nanocomposites: Structural, optical, and morphological studies
Authors: Singh N. , Madhav H. , Yadav S. , Jaiswar G. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe polymeric blend was fabricated with crystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/amorphous functionalized‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in 70/30 w/w ratio by chemical mixing method. Functionalization of PMMA was achieved with 2‐amino‐5‐nitrobenzoic acid. The prepared polymer blend was used as a matrix to synthesize nanocomposites with undoped/doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. Doping in ZnO was achieved with vanadium, sulfur, and dysprosium elements as a dopant. The structural, optical, electronic, and morphological properties of undoped/doped nanosized ZnO and blended nanocomposites were accessed through sophisticated analytical techniques, that is, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), UV–vis–diffuse reflectance spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The FTIR band at 1165–1176 cm−1in functionalized‐PMMA indicate the formation of aliphatic C‐N bond along with aromatic1H chemical shift (δ) at 7.134, 7.829 and 8.210 ppm confirm the successfully functionalization of PMMA. The prominent XRD peak at 2θ = 20.8° in nanocomposites shown improvement in β‐phase of PVDF. The results show that Dy doped ZnO nanoparticles create remarkable effect on various properties of nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47116.
Three turns in the evolution of China–Russia presidential pseudo‐alliance
Authors: Baev Pavel K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe unique quality of relations between Russia and China cannot be captured by the term “partnership,” but the development of high‐level ties does not signify a process of alliance building. The two states stand, in geopolitical terms, back‐to‐back to each other, as Russia gives priority attention to the confrontation on its Western theatre and China focuses of security matters in East Asia and trade relations with the United States. The China–Russia presidential pseudo‐alliance has experienced at least three major turns in its development since the middle of this decade. Presently, it has transformed into a one‐sided Russian dependency upon indifferent China and is certain to experience further challenges, as the two parties proceed along clearly diverging courses.
Adaptive Anatomical Specialization of the Intestines of Alpacas Taking into Account their Original Habitat and Feeding Behaviour
Authors: Vater Anke , Maierl Johann 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe gastrointestinal tract of the alpaca (Vicugna pacos)is most efficiently adapted to its habitat at high altitudes. Alpacas, just like ruminants, feed on hardly digestible forage. However, it has been demonstrated that the anatomy of the camelid digestive tract has developed independently of ruminants and not in homology to them. Despite a long history of domestication and an increasing number of animals worldwide, little research has been done on the intestinal anatomy of alpacas. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomical features of the alpaca's intestines and to explain anatomical peculiarities in the context of evolutionary function and morphology. Another goal of this study was the demonstration of weaknesses of the intestinal anatomy predisposing alpacas to certain clinical presentations. Six animals were used for dissection. The basic structure of the intestines was comparable to that in ruminants. However, a number of characteristic peculiarities were found in alpacas, like the duodenal ampulla and the proximal and distal loop of the ascending colon. The jejunum and ileum, unlike those of ruminants, had their own mesentery largely separated from the ascending mesocolon. The main blood supply was provided by the cranial and caudal mesenteric artery. The particular lymph nodes were located along the branches of these two arteries. The spiral colon seemed to play a major role in intestinal digestion and water resorption. The size of the distal fermentation chamber allows the presumption that alpacas belong to the group of animals practicing a fractionated fermentation in the proximal and distal fermentation chambers. Anat Rec, 301:1840–1851, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uterine Receptivity in Merriam's Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys merriami)
Authors: Dudley Jessica S. , Murphy Christopher R. , Thompson Michael B. , Mcallan Bronwyn M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe uterine surface undergoes significant remodeling, termed the “plasma membrane transformation,” during pregnancy to allow for implantation of the blastocyst and formation of the placenta in viviparous amniote vertebrates. Unlike other species within the superorder Euarchontoglires, which have a hemochorial (highly invasive) placenta, kangaroo rats (Dipodomys spp.) exhibit a less invasive endotheliochorial placenta. We characterized the changes that occur to membrane molecules and the cellular ultrastructure of the uterine epithelium during early pregnancy in Merriam's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys merriami using electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. Epithelial cadherin (E‐cadherin) is an adhesion protein that forms the adherens junction and is localized to the lateral plasma membrane of uterine epithelium during the nonreproductive state but localizes nonspecifically in the uterine epithelium immediately preceding implantation. Desmosomes are a type of cadherin that form junctional complexes along the lateral plasma membrane of epithelium. Dsg‐2, a marker for desmosomes, is localized along the lateral plasma membrane in non‐pregnant animals but redistributes to the apical region of the lateral plasma membrane during early pregnancy. The shift in desmosome and cadherin distribution before implantation suggests that there is a reduction in lateral adhesion between epithelial cells to allow for invasion by the blastocyst. Surprisingly, although Kangaroo rats form a less invasive placenta, these same changes occur during pregnancy in species with highly invasive placentation, such as the laboratory rat and human. These commonalities suggest that it is not through the retention of lateral adhesion that the blastocyst is prevented from further invasion in this rodent species. Anat Rec, 301:1928–1935, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteophytes in the Cervical Vertebral Bodies (C3–C7)—Demographical Perspectives
Authors: Ezra David , Hershkovitz Israel , Salame Khalil , Alperovitch‐Najenson Deborah , Slon Viviane 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTVertebral osteophytes are an age‐dependent manifestation of degenerative changes in the spine. We aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of cervical osteophytosis in a large study population. To do so, we developed a grading system for osteophytosis, enabling the assessment of their presence and severity in the cervical spine, and applied it to the analysis of dried cervical vertebral bodies (C3–C7) from 273 individuals. Statistical analyses were carried out per motion segment, while testing for the effect of age, sex, and ethnicity. The highest prevalence of osteophytes was found in motion segment C5/C6 (48.2%), followed by C4/C5 (44.1%), and last C6/C7 and C3/C4 (40.5%). Severe osteophytes are most commonly seen in motion segment C5/C6. In all motion segments, the inferior discal surface of the upper vertebra manifests more osteophytes than the superior discal surface of the lower one. Osteophytes prevalence is sex‐dependent only in the upper cervical vertebrae (C3–C4), and age‐ and ethnicity‐dependent for all vertebrae. Anat Rec, 302:226–231, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.