bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase inhibitor N6022 on bronchial hyperreactivity in asthma
Authors: Que Loretta G. , Yang Zhonghui , Lugogo Njira L. , Katial Rohit K. , Shoemaker Steven A. , Troha Janice M. , Rodman David M. , Tighe Robert M. , Kraft Monica 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRationalePatients with asthma demonstrate depletion of the endogenous bronchodilator GSNO and upregulation of GSNOR.ObjectivesAn exploratory proof of concept clinical study of N6022 in mild asthma to determine the potential bronchoprotective effects of GSNOR inhibition. Mechanistic studies aimed to provide translational evidence of effect.MethodsFourteen mild asthma patients were treated with intravenous N6022 (5 mg) or placebo and observed for 7 days, with repeated assessments of the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (methacholine PC20 FEV1), followed by a washout period and crossover treatment and observation. In vitro studies in isolated eosinophils investigated the effect of GSNO and N6022 on apoptosis.Measurements and Main ResultsThis was a negative trial as it failed to reach its primary endpoint, which was change from baseline in methacholine PC20 FEV1 at 24 h. However, our exploratory analysis demonstrated significantly more two dose‐doubling increases in PC20 FEV1 for N6022 compared with placebo (21% vs 6%, P < 0.05) over the 7‐day observation period. Furthermore, a significant treatment effect was observed in the change in PC20FEV1 from baseline averaged over the 7‐day observation period (mean change: +0.82 mg/ml [N6022] from 1.34 mg/ml [baseline] vs −0.18 mg/ml [placebo] from 1.16 mg/ml [baseline], P = 0.023). N6022 was well tolerated in mild asthmatics. In vitro studies demonstrated enhanced eosinophilic apoptosis with N6022.ConclusionsIn this early phase exploratory proof of concept trial in asthma, N6022 did not significantly alter methacholine PC20 FEV1 at 24 h, but did have a treatment effect at 7 days compared to baseline. Further investigation of the efficacy of S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase inhibition in a patient population with eosinophilic asthma is warranted.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid can suppress progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Lin , Quan Mo‐Yuan , Wang Dong , Jia Zhen , Li Zhen‐Fei , Li Bin , Guo Li , Tan Guo‐Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a poorly understood disease mechanistically. MOG35‐55 peptide induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a broadly used model to study MS. Using this model we have earlier shown that the antioxidant tempol or the small molecule inhibitor of p38 SB203580 can effectively prevent EAE progression. This effect was mediated by means of regulating immune inflammation, signaling by the p38MAPK‐SGK1 pathway, and oxidative stress. However, there is a need to test drugs that can be used in pharmacological intervention of EAE. Given that nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (NDGA) has been shown to possess anti‐oxidant activity and capacity of antagonizing autoimmune inflammation, we tested the effect of NDGA in ameliorating EAE in the current study. NDGA showed significant beneficial effect against EAE with both anti‐inflammation and antioxidant activity. NDGA could weaken the immune inflammation at least partly by inhibiting the oxidant stress‐p38MAPK‐SGK1 pathway representing a target for putative pharmacological intervention. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):432–436, 2018
In vivo study of self‐assembled alkylsilane coated degradable magnesium devices
Authors: Patil Avinash , Zaky Samer H. , Chong Rong , Verdelis Kostas , Beniash Elia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) and its alloys are candidate materials for resorbable implantable devices, such as orthopedic devices or cardiovascular stents. Mg has a number advantages, including mechanical properties, light weight, its osteogenic effects and the fact that its degradation products are nontoxic and naturally present in the body. However, production of H2 gas during the corrosion reaction can cause formation of gas pockets at the implantation site, posing a barrier to clinical applications of Mg. It is therefore desirable to develop methods to control corrosion rate and gas pocket formation around the implants. Here we evaluate the potential of self‐assembled multilayer alkylsilane (AS) coatings to control Mg device corrosion and formation of gas pockets in vivo and to assess effects of the AS coatings on the surrounding tissues in a subcutaneous mouse model over a 6 weeks' period. The coating significantly slowed down corrosion and gas pocket formation as evidenced by smaller gas pockets around the AS coated implants (ANOVA; p = 0.013) and decrease in the weight loss values (t test; p = 0.07). Importantly, the microCT and profilometry analyses demonstrated that the coating inhibited the pitting corrosion. Specifically, the roughness of the coated samples was ∼30% lower than uncoated specimen (p = 0.02). Histological assessment of the tissues under the implant revealed no inflammation or foreign body reaction. Overall, our results demonstrate the feasibility of use of the seld assembled AS coatings for reduction of gas pocket formation around the resorbable Mg devices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 342–351, 2019.
A laser Raman tweezers study of eryptosis
Authors: Barkur Surekha , Mathur Deepak , Chidangil Santhosh 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEryptosis—the suicidal death of erythrocytes—is characterized by membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. Eryptosis can be triggered by various xenobiotics such as carbon monoxide, lead, and amyloid, and by stressors such as oxidative stress, osmotic shock, and rapid alteration of ambient conditions. We have used Raman tweezers spectroscopy to study eryptosis in single, live cells and have attempted to explore the underlying mechanism, specifically to identify possible Raman signatures of eryptosis. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) were exposed to free radicals, silver nanoparticles, glucose, heat, and osmotic shock to induce eryptosis, and a comparison was made of their Raman spectra, which indicated that these conditions lead to a transition of haemoglobin from the R to the T state. Consequences of eryptosis include dehydration, cell shrinkage, and pH changes, which result in deoxygenation of haemoglobin. This, in turn, can be detected by monitoring the wavenumber shifts associated with Raman marker bands of R to T transitions. In addition, the principal component analysis results indicate differentiation among red blood cells undergone eryptosis due to different conditions.
A synthesis of carbon dioxide and methane dynamics during the ice‐covered period of northern lakes
Authors: Denfeld Blaize A. , Baulch Helen M. , del Giorgio Paul A. , Hampton Stephanie E. , Karlsson Jan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ice‐covered period on lakes in the northern hemisphere has often been neglected or assumed to have less importance relative to the open water season. However, recent studies challenge this convention, suggesting that the winter period is more dynamic than previously thought. In this review, we synthesize the current understanding of under‐ice carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) dynamics, highlighting the annual importance of CO2 and CH4 emissions from lakes at ice‐melt. We compiled data from 25 studies that showed that the ice‐melt period represents 17% and 27% of the annual CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively. We also found evidence that the magnitude and type of emission (i.e., CO2 and CH4) varies with characteristics of lakes including geographic location, lake morphometry, and physicochemical conditions. The scarcity of winter and spring carbon data from northern lakes represents a major gap in our understanding of annual budgets in these lakes and calls for future research during this key period.
Assessing the Utility of Otolith Chemistry for Management of Six Freshwater Fishes from a River–Reservoir System
Authors: Radigan William J. , Carlson Andrew K. , Graeb Brian D. S. , Fincel Mark J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Floodplain habitats often function as spawning, rearing, foraging, and refuge environments for riverine fishes. Although floodplain habitats are important for fish production and recruitment, their natal contributions may vary by species, a topic that has not been thoroughly investigated in large floodplain rivers. We evaluated the natal contributions of floodplain habitats to populations of six socioeconomically important sport fishes in Lake Sharpe, South Dakota, using otolith chemistry. Water samples and age-0 and adult fishes were sampled from five habitat types (canal, embayment, main channel, stilling basin, tributary). Age-0 fishes were classified to known natal habitats with 83% mean accuracy based on otolith Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca signatures, with 89% mean accuracy for Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (89%), crappies Pomoxis spp. (88%), and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (91%). Floodplain habitats had substantial natal contributions to Bluegill (50%) and crappie (35%) populations. Despite spanning only 0.8% of Lake Sharpe by surface area, a specific floodplain habitat (Hipple Lake) contributed 15% of Largemouth Bass to the Lake Sharpe population—19 times greater than expected under a linear contribution–area relationship. Floodplain habitats had smaller natal contributions (0–5%) for reservoir-oriented species such as Smallmouth Bass M. dolomieu and White Bass Morone chrysops than for centrarchids and Yellow Perch Perca flavescens. Given that floodplain habitats in Lake Sharpe, particularly Hipple Lake, are disproportionately important for sport fish populations relative to their size, maintaining river–floodplain connectivity is crucial for effective fisheries management. Otolith chemistry is a tool for sport fish management in Lake Sharpe as it reveals habitat-specific natal contributions of diverse species and can be used to prioritize areas for floodplain protection and rehabilitation, harvest regulations, stock enhancement, and other fisheries management activities.
Fin Ray Removal May Be Deleterious to Pallid Sturgeon
Authors: Steffensen Kirk D. , Hamel Martin J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Calcified fin structures are frequently used to gain an understanding of the age structure of fish populations. For Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, fin rays have recently been used in microchemistry assessments to understand natal origin and interbasin movements. Although several published studies have shown minor to no ill effects from the removal of the first pectoral fin ray on other sturgeon species, it is unknown how fin ray removal affects Pallid Sturgeon over the long term in an altered river system. Therefore, our objectives were to compare recapture and survival rates of subadult (&lt;800-mm) and adult (≥800-mm) Pallid Sturgeon in the lower Missouri River for fish with and without a fin ray section removed. Recapture efforts resulted in a higher recapture frequency for Pallid Sturgeon that did not have a fin ray section removed (26%) compared to those that had a fin ray section removed (11%). Subadult-sized Pallid Sturgeon appeared to be more sensitive to fin ray removal: no subadults with a fin ray removed were recaptured, whereas recapture frequency was 22% for subadults with fin rays intact. An apparent survival estimate was not quantifiable for subadults with a section of fin ray removed, but the model estimated a 0.42 apparent survival rate for subadults with intact fin rays. Adult-sized Pallid Sturgeon were recaptured at similar frequencies (fin ray removed: 23%; fin rays intact: 34%), and apparent survival estimates did not differ between the two groups of adults. Survival estimates are considered “apparent,” as the model could not differentiate between mortality and emigration. Our results represent a departure from previously published literature and suggest that fin ray removal may be deleterious to the survival and recovery of Pallid Sturgeon. The potential effects of fin ray removal must be thoroughly considered before initiation of future studies.
Quantifying Temporal Trends in Fisheries Abundance Using Bayesian Dynamic Linear Models: A Case Study of Riverine Smallmouth Bass Populations
Authors: Schall Megan K. , Blazer Vicki S. , Lorantas Robert M. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Mullican John E. , Keplinger Brandon J. , Wagner Tyler 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Detecting temporal changes in fish abundance is an essential component of fisheries management. Because of the need to understand short-term and nonlinear changes in fish abundance, traditional linear models may not provide adequate information for management decisions. This study highlights the utility of Bayesian dynamic linear models (DLMs) as a tool for quantifying temporal dynamics in fish abundance. To achieve this goal, we quantified temporal trends of Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu catch per effort (CPE) from rivers in the mid-Atlantic states, and we calculated annual probabilities of decline from the posterior distributions of annual rates of change in CPE. We were interested in annual declines because of recent concerns about fish health in portions of the study area. In general, periods of decline were greatest within the Susquehanna River basin, Pennsylvania. The declines in CPE began in the late 1990s—prior to observations of fish health problems—and began to stabilize toward the end of the time series (2011). In contrast, many of the other rivers investigated did not have the same magnitude or duration of decline in CPE. Bayesian DLMs provide information about annual changes in abundance that can inform management and are easily communicated with managers and stakeholders.
Efficacy and safety of administering pediatric treatment to adolescent patients with mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma within the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group clinical trial
Authors: Sekimizu Masahiro , Hashimoto Hiroya , Mori Tetsuya , Kobayashi Ryoji , Horibe Keizo , Tsurusawa Masahito 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is no standardized treatment for adolescents, aged 15 years or older, with mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL), although this age group has been reported to have a poorer prognosis than younger patients.ProcedureThe present study analyzed the data of 321 patients with B‐NHL, enrolled in a pediatric clinical trial, comparing the treatment outcomes between adolescents (aged 15–18 years, n = 25) and children (≤15 years, n = 297), with a particular focus on the safety and tolerability of administering pediatric regimens to adolescents.ResultsThe probability of event‐free survival (EFS) at 4 years was 79.3 ± 8.3% for the adolescents and 88.0 ± 1.9% for the children (P = 0.236). After adjusting for treatment group and lactate dehydrogenase value at the time of diagnosis, the probability of 4‐year EFS of adolescents was lower than that of children, but only in the patients with central nervous system positive lymphoma or Burkitt leukemia. The frequency of treatment‐related mortalities, severe adverse events (SAEs), and SAEs leading to treatment discontinuation or treatment completion rate was similar in adolescent and pediatric patients. There was no difference in treatment duration between adolescent and pediatric patients.ConclusionsThe treatment outcomes of adolescents with B‐NHL were not statistically different from those of the pediatric patients and the safety of a pediatric regimen in adolescents was similar to that in the pediatric patients. A pediatric treatment foundation can be adopted for adolescents, although further prospective studies and biological investigations are required for treatment optimization.
Maize GO Annotation—Methods, Evaluation, and Review (maize‐GAMER)
Authors: Wimalanathan Kokulapalan , Friedberg Iddo , Andorf Carson M. , Lawrence‐Dill Carolyn J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe created a new high‐coverage, robust, and reproducible functional annotation of maize protein‐coding genes based on Gene Ontology (GO) term assignments. Whereas the existing Phytozome and Gramene maize GO annotation sets only cover 41% and 56% of maize protein‐coding genes, respectively, this study provides annotations for 100% of the genes. We also compared the quality of our newly derived annotations with the existing Gramene and Phytozome functional annotation sets by comparing all three to a manually annotated gold standard set of 1,619 genes where annotations were primarily inferred from direct assay or mutant phenotype. Evaluations based on the gold standard indicate that our new annotation set is measurably more accurate than those from Phytozome and Gramene. To derive this new high‐coverage, high‐confidence annotation set, we used sequence similarity and protein domain presence methods as well as mixed‐method pipelines that were developed for the Critical Assessment of Function Annotation (CAFA) challenge. Our project to improve maize annotations is called maize‐GAMER (GO Annotation Method, Evaluation, and Review), and the newly derived annotations are accessible via MaizeGDB (http://download.maizegdb.org/maize-GAMER) and CyVerse (B73 RefGen_v3 5b+ at doi.org/10.7946/P2S62P and B73 RefGen_v4 Zm00001d.2 at doi.org/10.7946/P2M925).
Influence of metal ion on chelate–aryl stacking interactions
Authors: Malenov Dušan P. , Hall Michael B. , Zarić Snežana D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCCSD(T)/CBS and DFT methods are employed to study the stacking interactions of acetylacetonate‐type (acac‐type) chelates of nickel, palladium, and platinum with benzene. The strongest chelate–aryl stacking interactions are formed by nickel and palladium chelate, with interaction energies of −5.75 kcal mol−1 and −5.73 kcal mol−1, while the interaction of platinum chelate is weaker, with interaction energy of −5.36 kcal mol−1. These interaction energies are significantly stronger than stacking of two benzenes, −2.73 kcal mol−1. The strongest nickel and palladium chelate–aryl interactions are with benzene center above the metal area, while the strongest platinum chelate–aryl interaction is with the benzene center above the C2 atom of the acac‐type chelate ring. These preferences arise from very different electrostatic potentials above the metal ions, ranging from very positive above nickel to slightly negative above platinum. While the differences in electrostatic potentials above metal atoms cause different geometries with the most stable interaction among the three metals, the dispersion (correlation energy) component is the largest contribution to the total interaction energy for all three metals.
Synthesis, Optical Resolution, and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of an Axially Chiral Porphyrin Dimer
Authors: Watanabe Risa , Hara Nobuyuki , Imai Yoshitane , Hasegawa Masashi , Ishioka Sumire , Mazaki Yasuhiro , Sugiura Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMotivated by the chiral supramolecular structures of chlorophylls in photosynthesis proteins, i. e., special pairs present in purple photosynthetic bacteria, photosystems‐I, and ‐II, a chiral porphyrin dimer was designed, synthesized, and resolved to give optically pure forms. Synthesis of the dimer was achieved by using 5,10‐diarylporphyrin as the starting material. The stereochemistry of the dimer was speculated by comparing experimentally and theoretically obtained circular dichroism spectra. Clear circularly polarized luminescence spectra were obtained at 636 nm with dimensionless Kuhn's anisotropy value of ∼2.0 × 10−3.
Crab Shell‐Templated Fe and N Co–Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers as a Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Zhenyi , Hassan Mehboob , Sun An , Bo Xiangjie , Zhou Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCrab shell, a cheap and abundant biomass waste, is used as a template for preparing iron and nitrogen co‐doped mesoporous carbon nanofibers (Fe/N/meso‐CNFs). Impregnation of phenolic resin, triblock copolymer, cyanamide, and ferric chloride inside the nanochannels of crab shell allows simultaneous morphology control of Fe/N/meso‐CNFs and Fe/N co‐doping after the pyrolysis and removal of crab shell. The Fe/N/meso‐CNFs exhibit large surface area, porous structure and accessible active sites. Such structural uniqueness enables Fe/N/meso‐CNFs ideal for use as an electrocatalyst. The large surface area and porous structure play an important role in exposing electrocatalytically active sites. As a noble‐metal free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), Fe/N/meso‐CNFs show onset potential and half wave potential close to Pt/C with the limiting current density even exceeding that of Pt/C in alkaline solution. Additionally, the Fe/N/meso‐CNFs also present high tolerance towards methanol poisoning and long‐term durability, indicating Fe/N/meso‐CNFs can be regarded as a potential substitution for Pt towards ORR in alkaline solution.
Transition Metal‐Containing Ionic Liquid Crystals with 1‐Decyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium: Facile Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Thermal Properties and NH3 Detection
Authors: Ding Xue‐Da , Shen Nan‐Nan , Li Jian‐Rong , Huang Xiao‐Ying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerein we report on the facile and large‐scale syntheses and characterizations of a series of transition metal‐containing ionic liquids (MILs), namely [C12MMIm]n[MCl4] (M=Fe3+, n=1; M=Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, n=2; C12MMIm=1‐decyl‐2,3‐dimethylimidazolium) by simply stoichiometrically mixing metal chlorides and the IL [C12MMIm]Cl. All of the compounds could be obtained in crystalline state at room temperature in nearly 100% yield. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that all the MIL crystals belong to the space group of P21/c, consisting of [C12MMIm]+ cations and halometallate anions that interact with each other giving rise to supramolecular layered structures via C−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonding and anion‐π interactions. Thermal properties of the five compounds were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG), revealing reversible phase transitions near room temperature. Interestingly, these MILs are air‐ and moisture‐stable when stored in ambient conditions. The [C12MMIm]n[MCl4] (M=Cu2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ ) crystals exhibited obvious colour‐change when exposed to ammonia (NH3) gas, indicating potential applications in ammonia detection.