bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassembling Disabled Identities: Employment, Ex-servicemen and the Poppy Factory
Authors: Bartlett Emily 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article explores popular understandings of disability, work, and gender in the context of charitable employment schemes for disabled ex-servicemen after the First World War. It offers a case study of the British Legion–funded poppy factories in Richmond and Edinburgh, which employed war-disabled men to manufacture artificial flowers from 1922 onward. In so doing, this article demonstrates that press reports and charitable publications surrounding the schemes rhetorically incorporated the factories into wider twentieth-century understandings of Taylorist/Fordist productivity and manufacturing and reimagined the sites as sprawling production lines that churned out millions of flowers per year. This discourse positioned flower making as a highly skilled, masculine occupation, and relatedly constructed war-disabled flower makers as successful, productive, and physically capable workers. As one of the most publicly visible employment schemes—which catered to the most severely disabled ex-servicemen—the factories symbolized the potential of all war-disabled men for employment and went some way to challenge widespread perceptions of disabled people as idle, dependent, and useless. Moreover, this discourse represented modern, scientific methods of manufacturing as a way to make disabled bodies efficient and useful. Charitable reports positioned Taylorist/Fordist production as a solution to the problem of mass disability and ultimately countered widespread British discontent with American manufacturing ideals.
Pathway Commons 2019 Update: integration, analysis and exploration of pathway data
Authors: Rodchenkov Igor , Babur Ozgun , Luna Augustin , Aksoy Bulent Arman , Wong Jeffrey V , Fong Dylan , Franz Max , Siper Metin Can , Cheung Manfred , Wrana Michael , Mistry Harsh , Mosier Logan , Dlin Jonah , Wen Qizhi , O’Callaghan Caitlin , Li Wanxin , Elder Geoffrey , Smith Peter T , Dallago Christian , Cerami Ethan , Gross Benjamin , Dogrusoz Ugur , Demir Emek , Bader Gary D , Sander Chris 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPathway Commons (https://www.pathwaycommons.org) is an integrated resource of publicly available information about biological pathways including biochemical reactions, assembly of biomolecular complexes, transport and catalysis events and physical interactions involving proteins, DNA, RNA, and small molecules (e.g. metabolites and drug compounds). Data is collected from multiple providers in standard formats, including the Biological Pathway Exchange (BioPAX) language and the Proteomics Standards Initiative Molecular Interactions format, and then integrated. Pathway Commons provides biologists with (i) tools to search this comprehensive resource, (ii) a download site offering integrated bulk sets of pathway data (e.g. tables of interactions and gene sets), (iii) reusable software libraries for working with pathway information in several programming languages (Java, R, Python and Javascript) and (iv) a web service for programmatically querying the entire dataset. Visualization of pathways is supported using the Systems Biological Graphical Notation (SBGN). Pathway Commons currently contains data from 22 databases with 4794 detailed human biochemical processes (i.e. pathways) and ∼2.3 million interactions. To enhance the usability of this large resource for end-users, we develop and maintain interactive web applications and training materials that enable pathway exploration and advanced analysis.
Branch site bulge conformations in domain 6 determine functional sugar puckers in group II intron splicing
Authors: Plangger Raphael , Juen Michael Andreas , Hoernes Thomas Philipp , Nußbaumer Felix , Kremser Johannes , Strebitzer Elisabeth , Klingler David , Erharter Kevin , Tollinger Martin , Erlacher Matthias David , Kreutz Christoph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough group II intron ribozymes are intensively studied the question how structural dynamics affects splicing catalysis has remained elusive. We report for the first time that the group II intron domain 6 exists in a secondary structure equilibrium between a single- and a two-nucleotide bulge conformation, which is directly linked to a switch between sugar puckers of the branch site adenosine. Our study determined a functional sugar pucker equilibrium between the transesterification active C2′-endo conformation of the branch site adenosine in the 1nt bulge and an inactive C3′-endo state in the 2nt bulge fold, allowing the group II intron to switch its activity from the branching to the exon ligation step. Our detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation identified magnesium (II) ions and the branching reaction as regulators of the equilibrium populations. The tuneable secondary structure/sugar pucker equilibrium supports a conformational selection mechanism to up- and downregulate catalytically active and inactive states of the branch site adenosine to orchestrate the multi-step splicing process. The conformational dynamics of group II intron domain 6 is also proposed to be a key aspect for the directionality selection in reversible splicing.
The ethics of psychedelic research in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Peterson Andrew , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Weijer Charles 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article provides an ethical analysis of psychedelic research involving disorders of consciousness patients. We apply two internationally accepted approaches for analyzing the ethics of human research, the Value-Validity Framework and Component Analysis, to a research program recently proposed by Scott and Carhart-Harris. We focus on Scott and Carhart-Harris’s proposal, but the ethical frameworks outlined are applicable to other novel research protocols in the science of consciousness.
Fiscal consolidations and distributional effects: which form of fiscal austerity is least harmful?
Authors: McManus Richard , Ozkan F Gulcin , Trzeciakiewicz Dawid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDistributional consequences of fiscal austerity, while being increasingly recognized in the policy debate, have received little attention in the existing formal work. This paper proposes a medium-scale New Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model incorporating an appropriate dimension of household heterogeneity and a well-specified fiscal structure, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of losers and winners from austerity. We find, first, that cutting transfers and public employment, and raising labour income taxes are the most regressive forms of austerity, greatly raising income inequality. In contrast, raising capital income taxes is progressive—the only such policy in our analysis—and entails the smallest output losses in the short term. Second, the speed of austerity emerges as a potential tool in fiscal adjustment. Indeed, speedy austerity yields the worst distributive and output effects irrespective of its composition. Finally, fiscal consolidation is particularly damaging in downturns where distributional effects are substantially more unfavourable than in normal times.
Maternal Factors Associated With Infant Neurodevelopment in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants
Authors: Alcaide Maria L , Rodriguez Violeta J , Abbamonte John M , Ramlagan Shandir , Sifunda Sibusiso , Weiss Stephen M , Peltzer Karl , Jones Deborah L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated maternal factors associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants in rural South Africa. This study followed pregnant women living with HIV pre- and postpartum and evaluated sociodemographic factors, use of antiretrovirals (ARVs), and mental health factors as predictors of HEU infant developmental outcomes (cognitive, receptive, and expressive communication, fine and gross motor skills).MethodsParticipants were 80 mother–infant dyads. Mothers were assessed during pregnancy, and HEU infant development was assessed at a mean (SD) of 13.36 (1.89) months of age.ResultsWomen were an average (SD) of 28.9 (5.2) years of age, and infants were on average 13.4 (1.9) months old. An analysis of covariance indicated that infants whose mothers had ARV detected in dry blood spots at 32 weeks of pregnancy had lower functioning scores in the cognitive domain than those with undetected ARV (n = 14; M, 15.3 vs 17.2; P = .048). Antenatal physical intimate partner violence was also associated with delayed cognitive functioning (F (1, 74), 4.96; P = .029).ConclusionsThis study found risks for delayed infant cognitive development to be associated with the use of ARV during pregnancy and intimate partner violence, although findings merit replication due to the low sample size. Given the growing number of HEU infants, the necessity to better understand the potential toxicity of ARV exposure in utero is apparent. Similarly, the need for preventing intimate partner violence and screening for, and managing, developmental delays among these infants is increasing.
Implementation of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in tertiary Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units—a longitudinal study
Authors: Grass Beate , Crosdale Blondel , Keyzers Matthew , Deshpande Poorva , Hahn Cecil , Ly Linh G , McNamara Patrick J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aim
To investigate the implementation of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) as bedside monitoring tool of cerebral function in tertiary Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) over the past decade.

Methods
Longitudinal study consisting of online surveys of neonatologists on the use of aEEG in 2009 and 2018.

Results
The response rate to the survey was 72 of 149 (49%) in 2009 and 18 of 30 (60%) in 2018, respectively. aEEG has been implemented in almost all (2009: 62.5%; 2018: 94%) tertiary Canadian NICUs. Two-thirds (2009: 67%; 2018: 71%) of the respondents considered information from aEEG tracing helpful in clinical practice. The main indications for aEEG were term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (2009 and 2018: 76%) and seizure detection/surveillance (2009: 88%; 2018: 94%). Teaching on aEEG has been implemented for neonatologists (2018: 100%) and health care providers (2018: 50%) in tertiary Canadian NICUs but there is a lack of standardization of training. Use of aEEG in preterm neonates (2009: 37%, 2018: 33%) and application of aEEG in research (18% reported occasional use) is less common.

Conclusion
aEEG is well established in tertiary Canadian NICUs to monitor cerebral function and detect seizure activity. There is a need to develop formalized aEEG training programs and methods to assess competence. Further implementation of aEEG in preterm neonates and research is desirable.
Why Do Firms Hold Cash? Evidence from Demographic Demand Shifts
Authors: Cunha Igor , Pollet Joshua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We exploit variation in demand induced by demographics to provide causal evidence of the precautionary motive of cash holdings. We show that firms significantly increase their cash levels in response to exogenous increases in investment opportunities. We also provide novel evidence of the dynamics of accumulation and use of cash. Financially constrained firms build their cash reserves using internal sources. Consequently, they start saving earlier and keep high cash levels longer. Unconstrained firms rely on external financing to both invest and build cash reserves, requiring them to save less and allowing them to incur lower costs of carry.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
CALIBRATION OF A TABLETOP CONFOCAL MICROBEAM X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETER FOR A QUANTITATIVE DEPTH PROFILES EVALUATION
Authors: Prokeš Radek , Trojek Tomáš 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Confocal micro-beam X-ray fluorescence analysis (confocal micro-XRF) is a non-destructive analytical tool for investigation of sample composition that enables acquiring three-dimensionally resolved information. This work describes a calibration procedure of a laboratory confocal micro-XRF setup, which leads to determination of its characteristic parameters. The calibration is performed using a tabletop confocal micro-XRF spectrometer designed recently at the Czech Technical University in Prague. The calibration procedure performed within this work comprises the essential steps of the setup characterization: excitation spectrum calculation, experimental determination of energy-dependent confocal volume size and integral sensitivity and calculation of the spectrometer sensitivity function. The results of the setup calibration will be used for development of a procedure enabling quantitative evaluation of the measured depth profiles.
Intraoperative Capsule Rupture, Postoperative Chemotherapy, and Survival of Women With Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Matsuo Koji , Machida Hiroko , Yamagami Wataru , Ebina Yasuhiko , Kobayashi Yoichi , Tabata Tsutomu , Kaneuchi Masanori , Nagase Satoru , Enomoto Takayuki , Mikami Mikio 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the incidence and prognostic effects of intraoperative capsule rupture and to assess the effectiveness of postoperative chemotherapy for intraoperative tumor rupture in apparent stage I epithelial ovarian cancer.

METHODS:
This is a society-based retrospective observational study in Japan that examined 15,163 women with stage IA-IC1 epithelial ovarian cancer who underwent primary surgical treatment between 2002 and 2015. Associations between intraoperative capsule rupture and cause-specific survival, and between postoperative chemotherapy and cause-specific survival among intraoperatively ruptured cases were examined by histology type (clear cell n=6,107, endometrioid n=3,910, mucinous n=3,382, and serous n=1,764).

RESULTS:
Clear cell histology had the highest risk of intraoperative capsule rupture (57.3%), followed by endometrioid (48.8%), serous (41.8%), and mucinous (32.0%) histologies (P<.001). On multivariable analysis, clear cell type exhibited the largest effect of intraoperative capsule rupture on cause-specific survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.99, 95% CI 1.45–2.75), followed by serous (adjusted HR, 1.61, 95% CI 0.84–3.11), mucinous (adjusted HR 1.28, 95% CI 0.79–2.09), and endometrioid (adjusted HR, 1.14, 95% CI 0.64–2.01) tumors. Postoperative chemotherapy for intraoperatively ruptured cases did not improve cause-specific survival in any histologic types in multivariable analysis: clear cell, adjusted HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56–1.31; serous, adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.42–2.74; mucinous, adjusted HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.55–2.27; and endometrioid, adjusted HR 2.81, 95% CI 0.85–9.30 (all, P>.05). In the cohort-level analysis of ruptured cases (n=7,227), postoperative chemotherapy use has significantly decreased in mucinous (16.3% relative decrease), endometrioid (13.1% relative decrease), and clear cell (9.3% relative decrease) (all, P<.05); but, the cohort-level 5-year cause-specific survival rate did not change over time (all, P>.05).

CONCLUSION:
Among apparent stage I epithelial ovarian cancer, the clear cell type possesses a disproportionally high risk of capsule rupture during adnexectomy and is associated with the most adverse effect on survival. A decrease in the use of postoperative chemotherapy for intraoperatively ruptured cases in Japan is likely the result of increasing awareness of the absence of survival benefits.
Decreasing Opioid Use Postpartum
Authors: Rogers Rebecca G. , Nix Michael , Chipman Zachary , Breen Michael , Dieterichs Chad , Nutt Stephanie , Moxham Jamie , Chang Patrick , Rathouz Paul J. , Robertson Henry , Young Amy 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effects of an inpatient initiative to decrease opioid use among women admitted to labor and delivery.METHODS:We created a multimodal pain power plan with standard therapeutic postpartum activity goals rather than pain goals, tiered order sets with scheduled administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and embedded changes into the electronic health record. Before the multimodal pain power plan launch, pain was assessed on a 10-point scale; women received NSAIDs for pain levels of 3 or less and opioids for pain levels higher than 3. For this analysis, we included women who delivered at 5 hospitals in the 10 months before and 12 months after the multimodal pain power plan launch. Women with prior substance use disorder or complicated deliveries were excluded and we stratified analyses into women who delivered vaginally compared with by cesarean. Opioid use was converted to morphine milligram equivalent (MME). Women rated pain control in 24-hour blocks using individually ascertained cutoffs. A multivariable regression analysis was performed, and adjusted odds ratios are reported.RESULTS:We compared the 6,892 women who delivered 10 months before the pain power plan launch to the 7,527 who delivered in the 12 months after the launch. The mean cohort age was 29.6±6.0 years; the majority (75%) were white. Risk of opioid use decreased by 26% among women who delivered vaginally (risk ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% CI [0.68, 0.81]) and 18% among women who delivered by cesarean (RR 0.82; 95% CI [0.72, 0.92]). Among women who received opioids, mean MME use decreased 21% (RR 0.79; 95% CI [0.70, 0.88]) and 54% (RR 0.46; 95% CI [0.35, 0.61]) in the vaginal and cesarean delivery groups, respectively. Fewer women reported acceptable pain levels, with decreases of 82–69% (P<.01) and 82–74% (P<.01) in the vaginal and cesarean delivery groups, respectively. Within the postlaunch cesarean delivery group, women also reported that they were less likely to have their pain well controlled on the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questionnaires (82% vs 62%,P<.01).CONCLUSION:A standardized multimodal pain power plan reduced opioid use among a large cohort of women admitted to labor and delivery in Central Texas. Despite meeting functional goals, some women reported increased pain during their hospital stay.
Venous involvement in inflammatory disorders
Authors: Seyahi Emire 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
To review the association of venous thrombosis and inflammatory disorders.

Recent findings
Various systemic inflammatory diseases of which Behçet's syndrome is the prototype are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Recent data indicate that venous wall thickness is increased among Behçet's syndrome patients with no history of venous thrombosis and thrombosis in Behçet's syndrome could be a unique model of inflammation-induced thrombosis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a two to three time-fold increased risk of developing thromboembolic complications compared with general population. The risk of venous thrombosis is increased after surgical interventions and is higher in ulcerative colitis compared with Crohn's disease. Despite similarities with Behçet's syndrome, anticoagulation is advised as the main treatment in IBD, while there is uncertainty about the duration of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides and ankylosing spondylitis are also other inflammatory disorders associated with a thrombotic risk.

Summary
Underlying mechanisms of venous thrombosis in inflammatory disorders are not clearly understood. How we might prevent thrombosis, should we screen asymptomatic patients, what should we use for the treatment (immunosuppression or anticoagulation or both) and what should be the duration of this treatment also need to be addressed. Finally, the link between inflammation and thrombosis should be more intensively studied.
Impact of Increased Intracranial Pressure on Pupillometry: A Replication Study
Authors: Al-Obaidi Sameer Z. , Atem Folefac D. , Stutzman Sonja E. , Olson DaiWai M. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
In a diverse, multicenter population, to confirm or refute the conclusions that pupillary light reflex changes are associated with increased intracranial pressure.

Design:
Replication study.

Patients:
Within the Establishing Normative Data for Pupillometer Assessments in Neuroscience Intensive Care registry there were 273 patients (16,221 pupillary observations) that included both intracranial pressure and pupillometry values.

Measurements and Main Results:
To evaluate findings by the previous author, we explored for differences among measures of the pulmonary light reflex obtained from automated pupillometry with ICP values dichotomized as < 15 mm Hg (normal) versus ≥ 15 mm Hg (elevated). Analysis of t-test indicates statistically significant differences for all right and left mean pupilometer values, except right latency (p = 0.3000) and repeated measure mixed model (p = 0.0001). In the setting of increased intracranial pressure, mean pupilometer values were lower for both left and right eyes comparing to normal intracranial pressure, except right neurologic pupil index (3.98, 3.92;p = 0.0300) and left latency (0.27, 0.25; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm and extend those of McNett et al Worsening measures of the pupillary light reflex using automated pupillometry are associated with elevated intracranial pressure.
Neurocritical Care for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Farrokh Salia , Whitman Glenn , Bleck Thomas P. , Geocadin Romergryko G. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:To review the neurocritical care aspects of patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, including cerebral physiology, neurologic monitoring, use of sedatives and anti-seizure medications, and prevalence and management of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation associated brain injury.Data Sources:PubMed database search using relevant search terms related to neurologic complications, neurocritical care management, and brain injury management in patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.Study Selection:Articles included original investigations, review articles, consensus statements and guidelines.Data Extraction:A detailed review of publications performed and relevant publications were summarized.Data Synthesis:We found no practice guidelines or management strategies for the neurocritical care of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Such patients are at high risk for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebral edema, and brain death. Improving clinical outcomes will depend on better defining the neurologic complications and underlying pathophysiology that are specific to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Currently, insufficient understanding of the pathophysiology of neurologic complications prevents us from addressing their etiologies with specific, targeted monitoring techniques and interventions.Conclusions:A large knowledge gap exists in our understanding and treatment of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-related neurologic complications. A systematic and multidisciplinary approach is needed to reduce the prevalence of these complications and to better manage the neurologic sequelae of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a way that will improve patient outcomes.