bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New species of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum micropalaeontology collection
Authors: Fox Lyndsey R. , Stukins Stephen , Hill Tom , Bailey Haydon W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This paper describes five new Mesozoic, deep-water benthic foraminifera from the former British Petroleum microfossil reference collections at the Natural History Museum, London. The focus is on selected calcareous and agglutinating taxa that are of stratigraphical and/or palaeoecological significance for academic and industrial related activities. Ophthalmidium dracomaris (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCE951DF-0446-416B-AC2D-C5322CD335D2), Trochammina fordonensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F00A270-F9B2-46D4-8587-C7ADCC191D13), Eobigenerina calloviensis (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA), Arenoturrispirillina swiecickii (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06A35E03-5AA4-4363-B471-4E1A0091F62E) and Ataxophragmium mariae (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B8443AA5-CFE4-44C0-A5A2-65EA97BF7EFA) are described with new illustrations. Their biostratigraphic and palaeoecological significance are briefly discussed.
ADDICTION ET REPRÉSENTATIONS DANS LE RORSCHACH : ÉVOLUTION DES PATIENTS ADDICTIFS AVEC LES SOINS PSYCHIQUES
Authors: Gaudriault Pierre 
Published: May 2018

Quarante patients souffrant de troubles de l’usage de l’alcool (AUD) ou de troubles boulimiques (BD) qui ont bénéficié de soins psychiques sont classés « améliorés » (AC) ou « stationnaires » (SC) à partir de l’échelle CGI. La comparaison des Rorschach au début (t1) et à un moment avancé de leur traitement (t2) montre des différences significatives entre les deux groupes dans l’évolution des réponses « expressives » et « contrexpressives ». Une étude idiographique sur quelques cas précise la façon dont les réponses évoluent entre t1 et t2. L’intérêt du Rorschach pour contribuer à observer le développement de la mentalisation est discuté.
From UV to Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Metal–Organic Framework Composites: Plasmon and Upconversion Enhanced Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Dandan , Yu Shu‐Hong , Jiang Hai‐Long 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe exploitation of photocatalysts that harvest solar spectrum as broad as possible remains a high‐priority target yet grand challenge. In this work, for the first time, metal–organic framework (MOF) composites are rationally fabricated to achieve broadband spectral response from UV to near‐infrared (NIR) region. In the core–shell structured upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)‐Pt@MOF/Au composites, the MOF is responsive to UV and a bit visible light, the plasmonic Au nanoparticles (NPs) accept visible light, whereas the UCNPs absorb NIR light to emit UV and visible light that are harvested by the MOF and Au once again. Moreover, the MOF not only facilitates the generation of “bare and clean” Au NPs on its surface and realizes the spatial separation for the Au and Pt NPs, but also provides necessary access for catalytic substrates/products to Pt active sites. As a result, the optimized composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production activity (280 µmol g−1 h−1) under simulated solar light, and the involved mechanism of photocatalytic H2 production under UV, visible, and NIR irradiation is elucidated. Reportedly, this is an extremely rare study on photocatalytic H2 production by light harvesting in all UV, visible, and NIR regions.
All‐Solution‐Processed Metal‐Oxide‐Free Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency
Authors: Song Wei , Fan Xi , Xu Bingang , Yan Feng , Cui Huiqin , Wei Qiang , Peng Ruixiang , Hong Ling , Huang Jiaming , Ge Ziyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAll‐solution‐processing at low temperatures is important and desirable for making printed photovoltaic devices and also offers the possibility of a safe and cost‐effective fabrication environment for the devices. Herein, an all‐solution‐processed flexible organic solar cell (OSC) using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly‐(styrenesulfonate) electrodes is reported. The all‐solution‐processed flexible devices yield the highest power conversion efficiency of 10.12% with high fill factor of over 70%, which is the highest value for metal‐oxide‐free flexible OSCs reported so far. The enhanced performance is attributed to the newly developed gentle acid treatment at room temperature that enables a high‐performance PEDOT:PSS/plastic underlying substrate with a matched work function (≈4.91 eV), and the interface engineering that endows the devices with better interface contacts and improved hole mobility. Furthermore, the flexible devices exhibit an excellent mechanical flexibility, as indicated by a high retention (≈94%) of the initial efficiency after 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a simple route to fabricate high‐performance all‐solution‐processed flexible OSCs, which is important for the development of printing, blading, and roll‐to‐roll technologies.
CO2‐Promoted C=N Bond Cleavage of Amidines Leading to Multi‐Substituted Pyridines
Authors: Liu Jianming , Yan Xuyang , Yue Yuanyuan , Zhao Shufang , Zhang Jia , Sun Yangyang , Zhuo Kelei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA practical protocol is developed using carbon dioxide as a promoter for the C=N bond cleavage of amidines. This direct and operationally simple approach afforded parallel library of multi‐functional pyridines under the mild condition. The mechanistic isotope labeling experiment suggested that the oxygen atom of resulting carbonyl group was originated from water.magnified image
Polymorphism of Syndiotactic Polystyrene Crystals from Multiscale Simulations
Authors: Liu Chan , Kremer Kurt , Bereau Tristan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSyndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) exhibits complex polymorphic behavior upon crystallization. Computational modeling of polymer crystallization has remained a challenging task because the relevant processes are slow on the molecular time scale. A detailed characterization of sPS‐crystal polymorphism by means of coarse‐grained (CG) and atomistic (AA) modeling is reported herein. The CG model, parametrized in the melt, shows remarkable transferability properties in the crystalline phase. Not only is the transition temperature in good agreement with atomistic simulations, it stabilizes the main α and β polymorphs, observed experimentally. The propensities of polymorphs at the CG and AA levels are compared in detail, as well as finite‐size and box‐geometry effects. All in all, CG modeling stands as an efficient approach to characterize polymer‐crystal poymorphism at large scale.
Skin‐Inspired Low‐Grade Heat Energy Harvesting Using Directed Ionic Flow through Conical Nanochannels
Authors: Xie Ganhua , Li Pei , Zhang Zhen , Xiao Kai , Kong Xiang‐Yu , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLow‐grade heat energies are ubiquitous, and most of these energies are untapped as heated river water or seawater. Therefore, it is meaningful and valuable to extract the stored energies in the context of the energy crisis by using a simple device with low‐cost effectiveness. Here, a simple thermoelectric conversion system is shown using directed ionic flow through the biomimetic smart nanochannels, inspired by the human skin. The obtained power density of the nanodevice can ideally be 88.8 W m−2 with a membrane temperature gradient (ΔT) of 40 °C. As proof of concept, it is demonstrated that the principle can be introduced into simple and portable prototypes to harvest low‐grade heat. Such a thermoelectric conversion apparatus provides a new venue for low‐grade heat harvesting. In addition, this self‐powered system may extend the electronic skin field and find applications in skin prosthetics.
The Impact of Device Polarity on the Performance of Polymer–Fullerene Solar Cells
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Li Junyu , Di Carlo Rasi Dario , Colberts Fallon J. M. , Wang Junke , Heintges Gaël H. L. , Lin Baojun , Li Weiwei , Ma Wei , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDiketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)‐conjugated polymers are a versatile class of semiconductors for application in organic solar cells because of their tunable optoelectronic properties. A record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.4% was recently achieved for DPP polymers, but further improvements are required to reach true efficiency limits. Using five DPP polymers with different chemical structures and molecular weights, the device performance of polymer:fullerene solar cells is systematically optimized by considering device polarity, morphology, and light absorption. The polymer solubility is found to have a significant effect on the optimal device polarity. Soluble polymers show a 10–25% increase in PCE in inverted device configurations, while the device performance is independent of device polarity for less soluble DPP derivatives. The difference seems related to the polymer to fullerene weight ratio at the ZnO interface in inverted devices, which is higher for more soluble DPP polymers. Optimization of the nature of the cosolvent to narrow the fibril width of polymers in the blends toward the exciton diffusion length enhances charge generation. Additionally, the use of a retroreflective foil increases absorption of light. Combined, the effects afford a PCE of 9.6%, among the highest for DPP‐based polymer solar cells.
Vertically Grown Edge‐Rich Graphene Nanosheets for Spatial Control of Li Nucleation
Authors: Song Qiang , Yan Huibo , Liu Kedi , Xie Keyu , Li Wei , Gai Wenhan , Chen Guohui , Li Hejun , Shen Chao , Fu Qiangang , Zhang Shouyang , Zhang Leilei , Wei Bingqing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInhomogeneous mass and charge transfers induce severe Li dendrite formation, impeding the service of Li metal anodes in rechargeable batteries. Various 3D hosts are proposed to address the related issues. To enable better progress, hybrid micro/nanostructures with the ability to realize spatial control of Li deposition over nucleation should be developed. Here, it is demonstrated that edge‐rich graphene (ERG), which is vertically grown on a 3D carbon nanofiber (CNF) substrate via a simple chemical vapor deposition method, can serve as nanoseeds to reduce the nucleation overpotential of Li effectively and guide the Li deposition on the 3D CNF substrate uniformly, free from dendrites. Different from the case in other sp2 carbon featuring interconnected graphitic structures such as planar graphene, the zero nucleation overpotential presented by ERG is attributed to its unique electron properties (i.e., the enhanced surface electronegativity) and its open architecture. Compared to the pristine CNF host, the ERG‐hybridized one resolves the problems of the Li metal anode better, endowing a practical Li battery with a long lifespan of 1000 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.7%. The results present novel sights for developing next‐generation Li‐carbon anodes with high cycling stability.
Detrimental effects of rhizobial inoculum early in the life of partridge pea, Chamaecrista fasciculata
Authors: Pain Rachel E. , Shaw Ruth G. , Sheth Seema N. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyMutualistic relationships with microbes may aid plants in overcoming environmental stressors and increase the range of abiotic environments where plants can persist. Rhizobia, nitrogen‐fixing bacteria associated with legumes, often confer fitness benefits to their host plants by increasing access to nitrogen in nitrogen‐limited soils, but effects of rhizobia on host fitness under other stresses, such as drought, remain unclear.MethodsIn this greenhouse study, we varied the application of rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium sp.) inoculum and drought to examine whether the fitness benefits of rhizobia to their host, partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata), would differ between drought and well‐watered conditions. Plants were harvested 9 weeks after seeds were sown.Key ResultsYoung C. fasciculata plants that had been inoculated had lower biomass, leaf relative growth rate, and stem relative growth rate compared to young uninoculated plants in both drought and well‐watered environments.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of this study, the rhizobial interaction imposed a net cost to their hosts early in development. Potential reasons for this cost include allocating more carbon to nodule and root development than to aboveground growth and a geographic mismatch between the source populations of host plants and rhizobia. If developing plants incur such costs from rhizobia in nature, they may suffer an early disadvantage relative to other plants, whether conspecifics lacking rhizobia or heterospecifics.
Exploring workplace TB interventions with foreign‐born Latino workers
Authors: Eggerth Donald E. , Keller Brenna M. , Flynn Michael A. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPersons born outside the United States are more likely to be diagnosed with tuberculosis disease (TB) than native‐born individuals. Foreign‐born Latinos at risk of TB may be difficult to reach with public health interventions due to cultural and institutional barriers. Workplaces employing large concentrations of foreign‐born Latinos may be useful locations for TB interventions targeting this high‐risk population.MethodThis study used a two‐phase approach to investigate the feasibility of workplace TB interventions. The first phase investigated employer knowledge of TB and receptiveness to allowing TB interventions in their businesses through 5 structured interviews. The second phase investigated foreign‐born workers’ knowledge of TB and their receptiveness to receiving TB interventions in their places of employment through 12 focus groups stratified by gender and education.ResultsPhase 1: Only 1 of the 5 employers interviewed had a high level of knowledge about TB, and three had no knowledge other than that TB was a disease that involved coughing. They were receptive to workplace TB interventions, but were concerned about lost productivity and customers finding out if an employee had TB. Phase 2: There was no observed differences in responses between gender and between the bottom two education groups, so the final analysis took place between a gender‐combined lower education group and higher education group. The higher education group tended to have knowledge that was more accurate and to view TB as a disease associated with poverty. The lower education group tended to have more misconceptions about TB and more often expressed concern that their employers would not support worksite interventions.ConclusionsThe results from both phases indicate that more TB education is needed among both foreign‐born Latino workers and their employers. Obstacles to implementing workplace TB interventions include knowledge, potential productivity loss, employer liability, and perceived customer response.
Substitution‐Inert Polynuclear Platinum Complexes That Inhibit the Activity of DNA Polymerase in Triplex‐Forming Templates
Authors: Malina Jaroslav , Farrell Nicholas P. , Brabec Viktor 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe formation of triple‐helical DNA is implicated in the regulation of gene expression. The triplexes are, however, unstable under physiological conditions so that effective stabilizers for the triplex formation are needed. Herein, we describe a new strategy for the stabilization of such triplexes that is based on antitumor substitution‐inert polynuclear platinum complexes (SI‐PPCs). These compounds were previously shown to bind to DNA through the phosphate clamp—a discrete mode of DNA–ligand recognition distinct from the canonical intercalation and minor‐groove binding. We have found that SI‐PPCs efficiently inhibit DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase in sequences prone to the formation of pyrimidine‐ and purine‐motif triplex DNAs. Moreover, the results suggest that SI‐PPCs are able to induce the formation of triple‐helical DNA between duplexes and strands that are not completely complementary to each other. Collectively, these data provide evidence that SI‐PPCs are very efficient stabilizers of triple‐stranded DNA that might exert their action by stabilizing higher‐order structures such as triple‐helical DNA.
Quantification of Interfacial pH Variation at Molecular Length Scales Using a Concurrent Non‐Faradaic Reaction
Authors: Ryu Jaeyune , Wuttig Anna , Surendranath Yogesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe quantified changes in interfacial pH local to the electrochemical double layer during electrocatalysis by using a concurrent non‐faradaic probe reaction. In the absence of electrocatalysis, nanostructured Pt/C surfaces mediate the reaction of H2 with cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol to form a mixture of 1,4‐butanediol and n‐butanol with selectivity that is linearly dependent on the bulk solution pH value. We show that kinetic branching occurs from a common surface‐bound intermediate, ensuring that this probe reaction is uniquely sensitive to the interfacial pH value within molecular length scales of the surface. We used the pH‐dependent selectivity of this reaction to track changes in interfacial pH during concurrent hydrogen oxidation electrocatalysis and found that the local pH value can vary dramatically (>3 units) relative to the bulk value even at modest current densities in well‐buffered electrolytes. This study highlights the key role of interfacial pH variation in modulating inner‐sphere electrocatalysis.
Coumaraz‐2‐on‐4‐ylidene: Ambiphilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with a Tunable Electronic Structure
Authors: Song Hayoung , Kim Hyunho , Lee Eunsung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, a coumaraz‐2‐on‐4‐ylidene (1) as a new example of an ambiphilic N‐heterocyclic carbene, having electronic properties that can be fine‐tuned, is reported. The N‐carbamic and aryl groups on the carbene carbon center provide exceptionally high electrophilicity and nucleophilicity simultaneously to the carbene center, as evidenced by the 77Se NMR chemical shifts of their selenoketone derivatives and the CO stretching strengths of their rhodium carbonyl complexes. Since the precursors of 1 could be synthesized from various functionalized Schiff bases in a practical and scalable manner, the electronic properties of 1 can be fine‐tuned in a quantitative and predictable way by using the Hammett σ constant of the functional groups on aryl ring. The facile electronic tuning capability of 1 may be applicable to eliciting novel properties in main‐group and transition‐metal chemistry.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Annulation of Ylides with Ynals: Direct Access to α‐Pyrones
Authors: Lang Ming , Jia Qianfa , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe herein report an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed annulation of ylides with ynals that provides an efficient protocol to make 4,6‐disubstituted α‐pyrones. This method affords a variety of α‐pyrones in good to high yields as well as broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.
Sustainable power generation from wastewater sources using Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Bose Debajyoti , Gopinath Margavelu , Vijay Parthasarthy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrobial fuel‐cell performance depends primarily on five factors: the nature of the electrodes, pH, concentration, temperature, and period of operation. The present work describes work on optimization that has resulted in improved system performance of processes for energy recovery from wastewater by addressing these five parameters. This optimization is related to Monod kinetics, which forms the basis for microbial growth and substrate depletion rate. A difference in energy recovery from wastewater sources has been reported for studies with pure microbial culture and with undefined mixed microbes. Energy utilization research with microbial reactors has grown significantly with varying electrogenic reactor configurations, reductions in material costs, and a global need for power with reduced net CO2 emissions. The potential for future developments of these electrogenic reactor systems is also discussed, including how these systems can be integrated with existing wastewater treatment sources such as anaerobic digesters, and the positive impact they can have on energy security, which is linked with economic stability. Treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater using the microbial reserves can contribute significantly to advancing wastewater treatment infrastructure through effective COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal, and in the process generate value‐added product in the form of bioelectricity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Emil Mörsch und die Fachwerkanalogie
Authors: Pogacnik Marco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInnerhalb von 15 Jahren vollzog sich die rasante Entwicklung des jungen Ingenieurs Emil Mörsch in einer der anerkanntesten Persönlichkeiten im Bereich Betonbau: seit 1901 Leiter des technischen Büros bei W&F, 1904–1908 als ordentlicher Professor an der ETH Zürich, begann Emil Mörsch am 1. Oktober 1916 seine Lehrtätigkeit an der TH Stuttgart als ordentlicher Professor und Begründer einer der erfolgreichsten deutschen Ingenieurschulen. In dieser Zeitspanne erscheint sein wichtigstes theoretisches Werk, „Der Eisenbetonbau“, in drei Auflagen (1902, 1906, 1908), die Zeugnisse seiner parallelen Bau‐ und Labortätigkeit waren. Eine zentrale Bedeutung soll dem Zürcher Aufenthalt zugeschrieben werden, als Mörsch in einem offenen, international geprägten Milieu sein theroretisches Werk präzisierte. Die Mörsch'sche Fachwerkanalogie stellt in beispielhafter Weise eine solche Brücke zwischen fremden Baukulturen dar und resümierte eine lange historische Entwicklung, die die beste europäische Ingenieurwissenschaft zusammenfasste.
Isarsteg – ein ressourceneffizientes Tragwerk und/oder Kunstwerk?
Authors: Bergmeister Konrad , Taferner Josef , Gander Matthias , Prighel Philipp 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDer neue Isarsteg Nord bei Freising, eine fast 160 Meter lange Fußweg‐ und Fahrradbrücke aus wetterfestem Baustahl S355 J2G2W und abschnittsweisen Verbundbauteilen, ist Beispiel für eine ressourcensparende Konstruktion. Wie ein verzweigtes Blätter‐ und Flügelstrukturwerk mutet diese Brücke an. Die Trag‐ und Fahrplatte besteht aus einem speziellen Beton, schubfest mit Kopfbolzen zu einer Verbundplatte verankert. Die Einwirkungen und Kräfte werden ressourcensparend über torsionssteife geschweißte Hohlprofile gezielt in die Fundamente abgeleitet. Die Betonbauteile der Fundamente und Gründungen wurden ausschließlich mit chromatreduzierten Zementen ohne grundwasserschädliche Zusatzstoffe hergestellt.
Development and validation of a fast and sensitive UHPLC‐ESI‐MS method for the simultaneous quantification of spironolactone and its metabolites in ocular tissues
Authors: Dahmana Naoual , Gabriel Doris , Gurny Robert , Kalia Yogeshvar N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGlucocorticoids are a mainstay for the treatment of immune‐mediated conditions and inflammatory diseases. However, their chronic use causes numerous side‐effects including delays in corneal and cutaneous wound healing. This is attributed to off‐target agonism of the mineralocorticoid receptor, which can be reduced by co‐administration of a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist such as spironolactone. The aim of this study was to develop a fast, selective and sensitive UHPLC‐ESI‐MS method for the simultaneous quantification of spironolactone, its active metabolites (7α‐thiomethylspironolactone and canrenone), the latter's water‐soluble prodrug potassium canrenoate and the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, in corneal samples (17α‐methyltestosterone served as an internal standard). A one‐step extraction procedure using MeOH–H2O (1:1) was validated and employed to recover the analytes from the corneal tissue. Extracts were centrifuged and the supernatant analyzed under isocratic conditions. Compounds were detected using selected ion recording mode. The method satisfied US Food and Drug Administration guidelines with respect to selectivity, precision and accuracy and displayed linearity from 5 to 1000 ng/mL for all of the analytes. The lower limit of quantitation of the method was 5 ng/mL, making it sufficiently sensitive for quantification of the analytes in samples from in vivo studies.