bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earlyin plantadetection ofXanthomonas axonopodispv.punicaein pomegranate using enhanced loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay
Authors: PrasannaKumar M.K. , Parivallal P. Buela , Manjunath C. , Mahesh H.B. , Narayan Karthik S , Babu Gopal Venkatesh , Priyanka K. , Puneeth M.E. , Rangaswamy K.T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBacterial blight in pomegranate caused byXanthomonas axonopodispv.punicae(Xap) is an increasing threat for pomegranate cultivation in India. To prevent the economic losses, it is pivotal to detect the infection in latent stages rather than in later stages. We have developed an enhanced method termed as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique to evaluate for the latent detection of Xap in pomegranate using six set of specific primers. Three DNA intercalating dyes were used, such as Ethidium bromide, hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) and SYBR Green resulted in visualising the positivity for LAMP assay. The reaction time and temperature were to be 65°C from 30 min onwards, for the dyes and its sensitivity was observed up to 10−7ng in the LAMP assay. For field applicability, LAMP assay detected Xap on 7thday post infection while the PCR amplified Xap after 11thday post infection. Finally, the specificity of LAMP assay was validated to be positive with ten Xap isolates for its accuracy and 29 non-Xap bacterial isolates showed negative results. Moreover, this method could be used as a better alternative to PCR based methods, for early detection of the pathogens.
Merle phenotypes in dogs - SILV SINE insertions from Mc to Mh
Authors: Mary Langevin , Synkova Helena , Jancuskova Tereza , Pekova Sona 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIt has been recognized that the Merle coat pattern is not only a visually interesting feature, but it also exerts an important biological role, in terms of hearing and vision impairments. In 2006, the Merle (M) locus was mapped to the SILV gene with a SINE element in it, and the inserted retroelement was proven causative to the Merle phenotype. Mapping of the M locus was a genetic breakthrough and many breeders started implementing SILV SINE testing in their breeding programs. Unfortunately, the situation turned out complicated as genotypes of Merle tested individuals did not always correspond to expected phenotypes, sometimes with undesired health consequences in offspring. Two variants of SILV SINE, allelic to the wild type sequence, have been described so far - Mc and M.Here we report a significantly larger portfolio of existing Merle alleles (Mc, Mc+, Ma, Ma+, M, Mh) in Merle dogs, which are associated with unique coat color features and stratified health impairment risk. The refinement of allelic identification was made possible by systematic, detailed observation of Merle phenotypes in a cohort of 181 dogs from known Merle breeds, by many breeders worldwide, and the use of advanced molecular technology enabling the discrimination of individual Merle alleles with significantly higher precision than previously available.We also show that mosaicism of Merle alleles is an unexpectedly frequent phenomenon, which was identified in 30 out of 181 (16.6%). dogs in our study group. Importantly, not only major alleles, but also minor Merle alleles can be inherited by the offspring. Thus, mosaic findings cannot be neglected and must be reported to the breeder in their whole extent.In light of negative health consequences that may be attributed to certain Merle breeding strategies, we strongly advocate implementation of the refined Merle allele testing for all dogs of Merle breeds to help the breeders in selection of suitable mating partners and production of healthy offspring.
Volume effects in the London housing market
Authors: Cook Steve , Watson Duncan 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to extend existing research in relation to both the importance of volume effects within housing markets and the specific behaviour of the London housing market. A detailed borough-level examination is undertaken of the relationships between volume, house prices and house price volatility. Support for alternative housing market theories, the degree of heterogeneity in house price behaviour across boroughs and the extent to which housing displays differing properties to other financial assets are examined.Design/methodology/approachCorrelation analyses, causality testing and volatility modelling are undertaken in extended forms which synthesise and extend approaches within the housing, economics and finance literatures. The various modelling and testing techniques are supplemented via the use of alternative variable transformations to evaluate housing market behaviour in detail.FindingsNovel findings are provided concerning both volume effects within housing markets generally and the specific properties of London housing market. Evidence concerning bubbles, the volatility-reducing effects of volume, the importance of geographical and price-related factors underlying the relationship between volume and both house price growth and volatility and the presence of asymmetric adjustment in the London housing market are all provided. The extent and nature of the support available for alternative housing market theories are evaluated.Originality/valueThe volatility-reducing effects of volume within housing markets, along with volume effects and the presence of asymmetric adjustment within the London housing market are examined for the first time. New empirical evidence on the support for alternative housing market theories and the differing empirical characteristics of housing relative to other financial assets are presented.
3D P‐wave traveltime computation in transversely isotropic media using layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching
Authors: Hu Jiangtao , Cao Junxing , Wang Huazhong , Wang Xingjian , Tian Renfei 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTSubsurface rocks (e.g. shale) may induce seismic anisotropy, such as transverse isotropy. Traveltime computation is an essential component of depth imaging and tomography in transversely isotropic media. It is natural to compute the traveltime using the wavefront marching method. However, tracking the 3D wavefront is expensive, especially in anisotropic media. Besides, the wavefront marching method usually computes the traveltime using the eikonal equation. However, the anisotropic eikonal equation is highly non‐linear and it is challenging to solve. To address these issues, we present a layer‐by‐layer wavefront marching method to compute the P‐wave traveltime in 3D transversely isotropic media. To simplify the wavefront tracking, it uses the traveltime of the previous depth as the boundary condition to compute that of the next depth based on the wavefront marching. A strategy of traveltime computation is designed to guarantee the causality of wave propagation. To avoid solving the non‐linear eikonal equation, it updates traveltime along the expanding wavefront by Fermat's principle. To compute the traveltime using Fermat's principle, an approximate group velocity with high accuracy in transversely isotropic media is adopted to describe the ray propagation. Numerical examples on 3D vertical transverse isotropy and tilted transverse isotropy models show that the proposed method computes the traveltime with high accuracy. It can find applications in modelling and depth migration.
Intergenerational teen pregnancy: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu N , Vigod SN , Farrugia MM , Urquia ML , Ray JG 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the intergenerational association in teenage pregnancy, and whether there is a coupling tendency between a mother and daughter in how their teen pregnancies end, such as a termination of pregnancy (TOP) versus a live birth.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada.PopulationA total of 15 097 mothers and their 16 177 daughters.MethodsGeneralised estimating equations generated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of a daughter experiencing a teen pregnancy in relation to the number of teen pregnancies her mother had. Multinomial logistic regression estimated the odds that a teen pregnancy ended with TOP among both mother and daughter. All models were adjusted for maternal age and world region of origin, the daughter's socio‐demographic characteristics and comorbidities, mother–daughter cohabitation, and neighbourhood‐level teen pregnancy rate.Main outcome measuresTeen pregnancy in the daughter, between ages 15 and 19 years, and also the nature of the daughter's teen pregnancy, categorised as (1) no teen pregnancy, (2) at least one teen pregnancy, all exclusively ending with a live birth, and (3) at least one teen pregnancy, with at least one teen pregnancy ending with a TOP.ResultsThe proportion of daughters having a teen pregnancy among those whose mother had zero, one, two, or at least three teen pregnancies was 16.3, 24.9, 33.5 and 36.3%, respectively. The aOR of a daughter having a teen pregnancy was 1.42 (95% CI 1.25–1.61) if her mother had one, 1.97 (95% CI 1.71–2.26) if she had two, and 2.17 (95% CI 1.84–2.56) if her mother had three or more teen pregnancies, relative to none. If a mother had at least one teen pregnancy ending with TOP, then her daughter had an aOR of 2.12 (95% CI 1.76–2.56) for having a teen pregnancy also ending with TOP; whereas, if a mother had at least one teen pregnancy, all ending with a live birth, then her daughter had an aOR of 1.73 (95% CI 1.46–2.05) for that same outcome.ConclusionThere is a strong intergenerational occurrence of teenage pregnancy between a mother and daughter, including a coupling tendency in how the pregnancy ends.Tweetable abstractStrong intergenerational association for teenage pregnancy between mother and daughter.
Protein‐Based Delivery Systems for the Nanoencapsulation of Food Ingredients
Authors: Fathi Milad , Donsi Francesco , McClements David Julian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany proteins possess functional attributes that make them suitable for the encapsulation of bioactive agents, such as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. This article reviews the state of the art of protein‐based nanoencapsulation approaches. The physicochemical principles underlying the major techniques for the fabrication of nanoparticles, nanogels, and nanofibers from animal, botanical, and recombinant proteins are described. Protein modification approaches that can be used to extend their functionality in these nanocarrier systems are also described, including chemical, physical, and enzymatic treatments. The encapsulation, retention, protection, and release of bioactive agents in different protein‐based nanocarriers are discussed. Finally, some of the major challenges in the design and fabrication of protein‐based delivery systems are highlighted.
Extraction from Food and Natural Products by Moderate Electric Field: Mechanisms, Benefits, and Potential Industrial Applications
Authors: Gavahian Mohsen , Chu Yan‐Hwa , Sastry Sudhir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSeveral extraction techniques have been proposed recently as the food industry is seeking alternatives to tedious classical methods. Moderate electric field (MEF) extraction at low and high temperatures offers several advantages such as enhancing product quantity and quality as well as saving time and energy. This method has gained interest as a preferred extraction technique among researchers. This review is devoted to introducing the principles, mechanisms, and recent progress in the MEF extraction technique. The parameters influencing MEF treatment are also discussed and performances are compared to conventional extraction methods. Considerations for industrial development of MEF as well as its drawbacks are also discussed. MEF extraction is applicable to a wide range of food materials and offers several benefits such as reducing extraction time and energy and also enhancing the extract's quality and yield. Optimizing process parameters, such as treatment time and temperature, electric field intensity, and frequency, along with raw material selection and preparation can boost the performance of a MEF system. Further investigations on safety and sustainability of this novel technique are required prior to commercial applications.
Effect of Canning and Freezing on the Nutritional Content of Apricots
Authors: Adkison Erin Claire , Biasi William B. , Bikoba Veronique , Holstege Dirk M. , Mitcham Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effect of commercial canning and freezing on the nutritional content of fresh apricots was investigated. Processed samples were analyzed post‐processing and after 3 months of storage and compared directly to fresh apricots from the same source. Vitamin C, beta‐carotene, total phenols, and antioxidants were quantified. Compared to fresh, canned apricots initially exhibited similar levels of antioxidants, a 17% increase in beta‐carotene, and a 48% increase in phenols, while vitamin C was reduced by 37%. After 3 months of storage, antioxidant levels were 47% higher than fresh. Vitamin C did not change significantly following storage and beta‐carotene decreased by 15%. The canned apricot fruit packed in light syrup did not have higher total soluble solids (TSS) levels indicating no increase in fruit sugar content. Frozen apricots exhibited large increases in antioxidants (529%), beta‐carotene (35%), vitamin C (3,370%), and phenols (406%) compared to fresh. After 3 months of storage, frozen apricots decreased in vitamin C (29%) and phenols (17%), but remained 2,375% and 318% higher than fresh, respectively. Beta‐carotene increased during storage, reaching levels 56% higher than fresh while antioxidant activity was unchanged. This study demonstrates that key nutrients in canned and frozen apricots are retained or amplified upon processing, with the exception of vitamin C in canned apricots. The routine addition of citric and ascorbic acid to fruit prior to freezing resulted in significantly higher antioxidants, vitamin C, and phenols. Consumers eating canned or frozen apricots can feel confident of similar or superior nutritional content as compared to fresh apricots.Practical ApplicationThe apricot industry is limited by the short shelf life of the fruit and consumer belief that processed produce is not as nutritious as fresh. Assessing the nutritional content of canned and frozen apricots and determining that processed apricots can deliver nearly comparable nutrient levels to fresh apricots provides the evidence needed to dispel these misconceptions and potentially increase demand for processed apricots among consumers.
Isolation and Characterization of Wheat Derived Nonspecific Lipid Transfer Protein 2 (nsLTP2)
Authors: Bosi Sara , Fiori Jessica , Dinelli Giovanni , Rigby Neil , Leoncini Emanuela , Prata Cecilia , Bregola Valeria , Marotti Ilaria , Gotti Roberto , Naldi Marina , Massaccesi Luca , Malaguti Marco , Kroon Paul , Hrelia Silvana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNumerous studies support the protective role of bioactive peptides against cardiovascular diseases. Cereals represent the primary source of carbohydrates, but they also contain substantial amounts of proteins, therefore representing a potential dietary source of bioactive peptides with nutraceutical activities. The analysis of wheat extracts purified by chromatographic techniques by means of HPLC‐UV/nanoLC‐nanoESI‐QTOF allowed the identification of a signal of about 7 kDa which, following data base searches, was ascribed to a nonspecific lipid‐transfer protein (nsLTP) type 2 from Triticum aestivum (sequence coverage of 92%). For the first time nsLTP2 biological activities have been investigated. In particular, in experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), nsLTP2 displayed antioxidant and cytoprotective activities, being able to significantly decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and to reduce lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, generated following oxidative (hydrogen peroxide) and inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin‐1β, and lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. The obtained promising results suggest potential protective role of nsLTP2 in vascular diseases prevention.Practical ApplicationnsLTP 2 peptide is resistant to proteases throughout the gastrointestinal tract and exerts antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. These characteristics could be exploited in vascular diseases prevention.
Development of a Chlorine Dosing Strategy for Fresh Produce Washing Process to Maintain Microbial Food Safety and Minimize Residual Chlorine
Authors: Chen Xi , Hung Yen‐Con 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe residual free chlorine level in fresh produce wash solution is closely correlated to the chemical and microbial safety of produce. Excess amount of free chlorine can quickly react with organic matters to form hazardous disinfection by‐products (DBPs) above EPA‐permitted levels, whereas deficiency of residual chlorine in produce wash solution may result in incompletely removing pathogens on produce. The purpose of this study was to develop a chlorine dosing strategy to optimize the chlorine dosage during produce washing process without impacting the microbial safety of fresh produce. Prediction equations were developed to estimate free chlorine needed to reach targeted residual chlorine at various sanitizer pH and organic loads, and then validated using fresh‐cut iceberg lettuce and whole strawberries in an automated produce washer. Validation results showed that equations successfully predicted the initial chlorine concentration needed to achieve residual chlorine at 10, 30, 60, and 90 mg/L for both lettuce and strawberry washing processes, with the root mean squared error at 4.45 mg/L. The Escherichia coli O157:H7 reductions only slightly increased on iceberg lettuce and strawberries with residual chlorine increasing from 10 to 90 mg/L, indicating that lowering residual chlorine to 10 mg/L would not compromise the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine‐based sanitizer. Based on the prediction equations and E. coli O157:H7 reduction results, a chlorine dosing strategy was developed to help the produce industry to maintain microbial inactivation efficacy without adding excess amount of free chlorine.Practical ApplicationThe chlorine dosing strategy can be used for fresh produce washing process to enhance the microbial food safety and minimize the DBPs formation potential.
Gender‐Specific Effects of Selection for Drinking in the Dark on the Network Roles of Coding and Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Iancu Ovidiu Dan , Colville Alex M. , Wilmot Beth , Searles Robert , Darakjian Priscila , Zheng Christina , McWeeney Shannon , Kawane Sunita , Crabbe John C. , Metten Pamela , Oberbeck Denesa , Hitzemann Robert 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTranscriptional differences between heterogeneous stock mice and high drinking‐in‐the‐dark selected mouse lines have previously been described based on microarray technology coupled with network‐based analysis. The network changes were reproducible in 2 independent selections and largely confined to 2 distinct network modules; in contrast, differential expression appeared more specific to each selected line. This study extends these results by utilizing RNA‐Seq technology, allowing evaluation of the relationship between genetic risk and transcription of noncoding RNA (ncRNA); we additionally evaluate sex‐specific transcriptional effects of selection.MethodsNaïve mice (N = 24/group and sex) were utilized for gene expression analysis in the ventral striatum; the transcriptome was sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differential gene expression and the weighted gene co‐expression network analysis were implemented largely as described elsewhere, resulting in the identification of genes that change expression level or (co)variance structure.ResultsAcross both sexes, we detect selection effects on the extracellular matrix and synaptic signaling, although the identity of individual genes varies. A majority of nc RNAs cluster in a single module of relatively low density in both the male and female network. The most strongly differentially expressed transcript in both sexes was Gm22513, a small nuclear RNA with unknown function. Associated with selection, we also found a number of network hubs that change edge strength and connectivity. At the individual gene level, there are many sex‐specific effects; however, at the annotation level, results are more concordant.ConclusionsIn addition to demonstrating sex‐specific effects of selection on the transcriptome, the data point to the involvement of extracellular matrix genes as being associated with the binge drinking phenotype.
How Francisco Franco governs from beyond the grave: An infrastructural approach to memory politics in contemporary Spain
Authors: RUBIN JONAH S. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTFour decades after the end of the Franco dictatorship, many Spaniards continue to question their country's claims to full democracy. Although Spain is now governed by popularly elected governments, citizens still experience the coercive effects of the dictatorship's policies in their daily interactions with the built environment, state institutions, and even their fellow citizens. These heterogeneous sites through which the dictatorship makes its presence felt constitute an infrastructure of memory that facilitates and impedes the circulation of past experience. In this context, people enact memory politics not only by contesting narratives of the past but also, first and foremost, by dis‐ and reassembling the physical, institutional, and social entanglements that undergird democratic politics. [infrastructures, cultural memory, democratic politics, forensic exhumations, archives, Spain]
Religion overcoming religions: Suffering, secularism, and the training of interfaith chaplains in Japan
Authors: BERMAN MICHAEL 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTInterfaith chaplains responded to the suffering caused by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Japan by providing “care for the heart” in municipal funeral halls, temporary housing units, and hospitals. To gain access to those government‐run spaces, however, chaplains had to suppress outward signs of their particular religious traditions, including prayers and Buddhist robes. They were neither remunerated for their labor nor allowed to proselytize. Gathering around suffering, suppressing religious differences to recognize suffering, and sharing suffering led chaplains to create a form of religion that they called “religion overcoming religions.” Ironically, this form of public religion exhausted the particular religions that formerly sustained their compassionate work, thus reproducing the alienation that their engagement with suffering is meant to overcome. [suffering, alienation, compassion, secularism, liberalism, capitalism, Japan]
The gospel of self‐help: Born‐again musicians and the moral problem of dependency in Uganda
Authors: BOYD LYDIA 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTChurches in Uganda have found success promoting a message of economic self‐sufficiency—a gospel of “self‐help”—that diverges sharply from alternative frameworks of moral‐economic behavior in Uganda that emphasize reciprocity and the social value of dependency. A notable effect of self‐help has been to change what adherents consider socially productive work and who has an obligation to pay for it. As a result, gospel musicians, who make most of their money through patronage and other forms of sponsorship, struggle to make a living. Their difficulties compel us to consider how moral sentiments and religious practices give shape to the terms of market‐based inequality, in part by marking dependent recipients of economic aid and charitable “gifts” as passive, rather than agentive, subjects.