bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of spread through air spaces in early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas undergoing limited resection
Authors: Toyokawa Gouji , Yamada Yuichi , Tagawa Tetsuzo , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundIn early‐stage lung adenocarcinomas, spread through air spaces (STAS) are reported to be a prognostic factor in patients who have undergone sublobar resection, but not lobectomy. In contrast, reports have also shown that STAS is significantly associated with poor survival outcomes after lobectomy, but not after limited resection. Thus, the prognostic impact of STAS differs according to published reports.MethodsA total of 82 patients with early‐stage adenocarcinomas who underwent limited resection and whose STAS status could be examined were enrolled in this retrospective study. We evaluated the association between STAS and clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival.ResultsAmong 82 patients, 31 (37.8%) were positive for STAS, while 51 (62.2%) were negative. STAS was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage (P < 0.01), lower histological differentiation (P = 0.01), and the presence of pleural invasion (P = 0.01). Patients with STAS had significantly shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) than those without STAS (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). According to multivariate analysis, positivity for STAS was an independent prognostic parameter for RFS (P < 0.01), but not OS (P = 0.45). Three patients who developed surgical margin recurrence and one patient who developed distant recurrence were all positive for STAS.ConclusionsSTAS was predictive of poor postoperative survival in patients with early‐stage adenocarcinomas treated with limited resection and was associated with surgical margin recurrence.
Readability of 10‐K Reports and Stock Price Crash Risk
Authors: Kim Chansog (Francis) , Wang Ke , Zhang Liandong 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThis study shows that less readable 10‐K reports are associated with higher stock price crash risk. The results are consistent with the argument that managers can successfully hide adverse information by writing complex financial reports, which leads to stock price crashes when the hidden bad news accumulates and reaches a tipping point. Cross‐sectional analyses show that the effect of financial reporting complexity on crash risk is more pronounced for firms with persistent negative earnings news or transitory positive earnings news, greater chief executive officer stock option incentives, or lower litigation risk. Finally, accrual manipulation appears to be positively related to crash risk, even since the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act, if the manipulation is accompanied by complex 10‐K reports.
Measuring β‐diversity by remote sensing: A challenge for biodiversity monitoring
Authors: Rocchini Duccio , Luque Sandra , Pettorelli Nathalie , Bastin Lucy , Doktor Daniel , Faedi Nicolò , Feilhauer Hannes , Féret Jean‐Baptiste , Foody Giles M. , Gavish Yoni , Godinho Sergio , Kunin William E. , Lausch Angela , Leitão Pedro J. , Marcantonio Matteo , Neteler Markus , Ricotta Carlo , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Vihervaara Petteri , Wegmann Martin , Nagendra Harini 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBiodiversity includes multiscalar and multitemporal structures and processes, with different levels of functional organization, from genetic to ecosystemic levels. One of the mostly used methods to infer biodiversity is based on taxonomic approaches and community ecology theories. However, gathering extensive data in the field is difficult due to logistic problems, especially when aiming at modelling biodiversity changes in space and time, which assumes statistically sound sampling schemes. In this context, airborne or satellite remote sensing allows information to be gathered over wide areas in a reasonable time.Most of the biodiversity maps obtained from remote sensing have been based on the inference of species richness by regression analysis. On the contrary, estimating compositional turnover (β‐diversity) might add crucial information related to relative abundance of different species instead of just richness. Presently, few studies have addressed the measurement of species compositional turnover from space.Extending on previous work, in this manuscript, we propose novel techniques to measure β‐diversity from airborne or satellite remote sensing, mainly based on: (1) multivariate statistical analysis, (2) the spectral species concept, (3) self‐organizing feature maps, (4) multidimensional distance matrices, and the (5) Rao's Q diversity. Each of these measures addresses one or several issues related to turnover measurement. This manuscript is the first methodological example encompassing (and enhancing) most of the available methods for estimating β‐diversity from remotely sensed imagery and potentially relating them to species diversity in the field.
Integration of satellite remote sensing data in ecosystem modelling at local scales: Practices and trends
Authors: Pasetto Damiano , Arenas‐Castro Salvador , Bustamante Javier , Casagrandi Renato , Chrysoulakis Nektarios , Cord Anna F. , Dittrich Andreas , Domingo‐Marimon Cristina , El Serafy Ghada , Karnieli Arnon , Kordelas Georgios A. , Manakos Ioannis , Mari Lorenzo , Monteiro Antonio , Palazzi Elisa , Poursanidis Dimitris , Rinaldo Andrea , Terzago Silvia , Ziemba Alex , Ziv Guy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Spatiotemporal ecological modelling of terrestrial ecosystems relies on climatological and biophysical Earth observations. Due to their increasing availability, global coverage, frequent acquisition and high spatial resolution, satellite remote sensing (SRS) products are frequently integrated to in situ data in the development of ecosystem models (EMs) quantifying the interaction among the vegetation component and the hydrological, energy and nutrient cycles. This review highlights the main advances achieved in the last decade in combining SRS data with EMs, with particular attention to the challenges modellers face for applications at local scales (e.g. small watersheds).

We critically review the literature on progress made towards integration of SRS data into terrestrial EMs: (1) as input to define model drivers; (2) as reference to validate model results; and (3) as a tool to sequentially update the state variables, and to quantify and reduce model uncertainty.

The number of applications provided in the literature shows that EMs may profit greatly from the inclusion of spatial parameters and forcings provided by vegetation and climatic‐related SRS products. Limiting factors for the application of such models to local scales are: (1) mismatch between the resolution of SRS products and model grid; (2) unavailability of specific products in free and public online repositories; (3) temporal gaps in SRS data; and (4) quantification of model and measurement uncertainties. This review provides examples of possible solutions adopted in recent literature, with particular reference to the spatiotemporal scales of analysis and data accuracy. We propose that analysis methods such as stochastic downscaling techniques and multi‐sensor/multi‐platform fusion approaches are necessary to improve the quality of SRS data for local applications. Moreover, we suggest coupling models with data assimilation techniques to improve their forecast abilities.

This review encourages the use of SRS data in EMs for local applications, and underlines the necessity for a closer collaboration among EM developers and remote sensing scientists. With more upcoming satellite missions, especially the Sentinel platforms, concerted efforts to further integrate SRS into modelling are in great demand and these types of applications will certainly proliferate.
Understanding and assessing vegetation health by in situ species and remote‐sensing approaches
Authors: Lausch Angela , Bastian Olaf , Klotz Stefan , Leitão Pedro J. , Jung András , Rocchini Duccio , Schaepman Michael E. , Skidmore Andrew K. , Tischendorf Lutz , Knapp Sonja 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Human activities exert stress on and create disturbances to ecosystems, decreasing their diversity, resilience and ultimately the health of ecosystems and their vegetation. In environments with rapid changes in vegetation health (VH), progress is needed when it comes to monitoring these changes and underlying causes. There are different approaches to monitoring VH such as in situ species approaches and the remote‐sensing approach.

Here we provide an overview of in situ species approaches, that is, the biological, the phylogenetic, and the morphological species concept, as well as an overview of the remote‐sensing spectral trait/spectral trait variations concept to monitor the status of VH as well as processes of stress, disturbances, and resource limitations affecting VH. The approaches are compared with regard to their suitability for monitoring VH, and their advantages, disadvantages, potential, and requirements for being linked are discussed.

No single approach is sufficient to monitor the complexity and multidimensionality of VH over the short to long term and on local to global scales. Rather, every approach has its pros and cons, making it all the more necessary to link approaches. In this paper, we present a framework and list crucial requirements for coupling approaches and integrating additional monitoring elements to form a multisource vegetation health monitoring network (MUSO‐VH‐MN).

When it comes to linking the different approaches, data, information, models or platforms in a MUSO‐VH‐MN, big data with its complexity and syntactic and semantic heterogeneity and the lack of standardized approaches and VH protocols pose the greatest challenge. Therefore, Data Science with the elements of (a) digitalization, (b) semantification, (c) ontologization, (d) standardization, (e) Open Science, as well as (f) open and easy analyzing tools for assessing VH are important requirements for monitoring, linking, analyzing, and forecasting complex and multidimensional changes in VH.
Adoption and Utilization of an Emergency Department Naloxone Distribution and Peer Recovery Coach Consultation Program
Authors: Samuels Elizabeth A. , Baird Janette , Yang Eunice S. , Mello Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveRising rates of opioid overdose deaths require innovative programs to prevent and reduce opioid‐related morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates adoption, utilization, and maintenance of an emergency department (ED) take‐home naloxone and peer recovery coach consultation program for ED patients at risk of opioid overdose.MethodsUsing a Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE‐AIM) framework, we conducted a retrospective provider survey and electronic medical record (EMR) review to evaluate implementation of a naloxone distribution and peer recovery coach consultation program at two EDs. Provider adoption was measured by self‐report using a novel survey instrument. EMRs of discharged ED patients at risk for opioid overdose were reviewed in three time periods: preimplementation, postimplementation, and maintenance. Primary study outcomes were take‐home naloxone provision and recovery coach consultation. Secondary study outcome was referral to treatment. Chi‐square analysis was used for study period comparisons. Logistic regression was conducted to examine utilization moderators. Poisson regression modeled utilization changes over time.ResultsMost providers reported utilization (72.8%, 83/114): 95.2% (79/83) provided take‐home naloxone and 85.5% (71/83) consulted a recovery coach. There were 555 unique patients treated and discharged during the study periods: 131 preimplementation, 376 postimplementation, and 48 maintenance. Postimplementation provision of take‐home naloxone increased from none to more than one‐third (35.4%, p < 0.001), one‐third received consultation with a recovery coach (33.1%, 45/136), and discharge with referral to treatment increased from 9.16% to 20.74% (p = 0.003). Take‐home naloxone provision and recovery coach consultation did not depreciate over time.ConclusionsED naloxone distribution and consultation of a community‐based peer recovery coach are feasible and acceptable and can be maintained over time.
Trends in Adult Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking in the Early 21st‐Century United States: A Meta‐Analysis of 6 National Survey Series
Authors: Grucza Richard A. , Sher Kenneth J. , Kerr William C. , Krauss Melissa J. , Lui Camillia K. , McDowell Yoanna E. , Hartz Sarah , Virdi Gurpal , Bierut Laura J. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundRecent trends in alcoholic liver disease, alcohol‐related emergency room admissions, and alcohol use disorder prevalence as measured by general‐population surveys have raised concerns about rising alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality in the United States. In contrast, upward trends in per capita alcohol consumption have been comparatively modest.MethodsTo resolve these discordant observations, we sought to examine trends in the prevalence of alcohol use and binge drinking from 6 regularly or periodically administered national surveys using a meta‐analytic approach. Annual or periodic prevalence estimates for past‐12‐month or past‐30‐day alcohol use and binge drinking were estimated for available time points between the years 2000 and 2016. Estimates were combined in a random‐effects regression model in which prevalence was modeled as a log‐linear function of time to obtain meta‐analytic trend estimates for the full population and by sex, race, age, and educational attainment.ResultsMeta‐analysis–derived estimates of average annual percentage increase in the prevalence of alcohol use and binge drinking were 0.30% per year (95% CI: 0.22%, 0.38%) and 0.72% per year (95% CI: 0.46%, 0.98%), respectively. There was substantial between‐survey heterogeneity among trend estimates, although there was notable consistency in the degree to which trends have impacted various demographic groups. For example, most surveys found that the changes in prevalence for alcohol use and binge drinking were large and positive for ages 50 to 64 and 65 and up, and smaller, negative, or nonsignificant for ages 18 to 29.ConclusionsSignificant increases in the prevalence of alcohol use and of binge drinking over the past 10 to 15 years were observed, but not for all demographic groups. However, the increase in binge drinking among middle‐aged and older adults is substantial and may be driving increasing rates of alcohol‐related morbidity and mortality.
Enacting Experimental Alternative Spaces
Authors: Fois Francesca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the experimental nature of alternative spaces and the affective, emotional and embodied experience their enactment generates. In so doing, it grounds the analysis on the intentional community of Damanhur (Italy), as an example of experimental spaces. Scholarship concerning intentional communities draws on utopian studies that consider them as utopian laboratories. More recently, non‐representational approaches have emphasised the processual nature of utopias, yet studies have overlooked the experimental nature of these alternative spaces. Drawing upon in‐depth ethnographic data, this paper engages with community experimentations that took place in Damanhur for residents and visitors. It illustrates how utopian enactment is experimental and thus, disordering, unsettling and creative. Moreover, I argue that experimentations are not limited to unsettling the social structure of the community and, when studying the enactment of alternative spaces, emphasis should also be on their capacity to affect the individual.
Technical Indicators to Evaluate the Degree of Large Clot Formation Inside the Membrane Fiber Bundle of an Oxygenator in an In Vitro Setup
Authors: Kaesler Andreas , Hesselmann Felix , Zander Mark O. , Schlanstein Peter C. , Wagner Georg , Bruners Philipp , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Arens Jutta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe most common technical complication during ECMO is clot formation. A large clot inside a membrane oxygenator reduces effective membrane surface area and therefore gas transfer capabilities, and restricts blood flow through the device, resulting in an increased membrane oxygenator pressure drop (dpMO). The reasons for thrombotic events are manifold and highly patient specific. Thrombus formation inside the oxygenator during ECMO is usually unpredictable and remains an unsolved problem. Clot sizes and positions are well documented in literature for the Maquet Quadrox‐i Adult oxygenator based on CT data extracted from devices after patient treatment. Based on this data, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of large clots on purely technical parameters, for example, dpMO and gas transfer. Therefore, medical grade silicone was injected into the fiber bundle of the devices to replicate large clot positions and sizes. A total of six devices were tested in vitro with silicone clot volumes of 0, 30, 40, 50, 65, and 85 mL in accordance with ISO 7199. Gas transfer was measured by sampling blood pre and post device, as well as by sampling the exhaust gas at the devices’ outlet at blood flow rates of 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 L/min. Pre and post device pressure was monitored to calculate the dpMO at the different blood flow rates. The dpMO was found to be a reliable parameter to indicate a large clot only in already advanced “clotting stages.” The CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas, however, was found to be sensitive to even small clot sizes and at low blood flows. Exhaust gas CO2 concentration can be monitored continuously and without any risks for the patient during ECMO therapy to provide additional information on the endurance of the oxygenator. This may help detect a clot formation and growth inside a membrane oxygenator during ECMO even if the increase in dpMO remains moderate.
HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device Implantation for Pediatric Heart Failure—A Single Center Approach
Authors: Nelson McMillan Kristen , Hibino Narutoshi , Brown Emily E. , Wadia Rajeev , Hunt Elizabeth A. , Marshall Christi , Alvarez‐Machado Mayuri , Alejo Diane , Coulson John D. , Ravekes William , Vricella Luca A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile pediatric HeartWare HVAD application has increased, determining candidacy and timing for initiation of pediatric VAD support has remained a challenge. We present our experience with a systematic approach to HVAD implantation as a bridge to pediatric heart transplantation. We performed a retrospective, single center review of pediatric patients (n = 11) who underwent HVAD implantation between September 2014 and January 2018. Primary endpoints evaluated were survival to heart transplantation, need for right ventricular assist device (RVAD) at any point, ongoing HVAD support, or death. Median patient age was 11 years (range: 3–16). Median BSA was 1.25 m2 (range: 0.56–2.1). Heart failure etiologies requiring support were dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 8), myocarditis (n = 1), congenital mitral valve disease (n = 1), and single ventricle heart failure (n = 1). Median time from cardiac ICU admission for heart failure to HVAD placement was 15 days (range 3–55), based on standardized VAD implantation criteria involving imaging assessment and noncardiac organ evaluation. The majority of patients (91%) were INTERMACS Level 2 at time of implant. Three patients (27%) had CentriMag RVAD placement at time of HVAD implantation. Two of these three patients had successful RVAD explanation within 2 weeks. Median length of HVAD support was 60 days (range 6–405 days). Among the 11 patients, survival during HVAD therapy to date is 91% (10/11) with 9 (82%) bridged to heart transplantation and one (9%) continuing to receive support. Posttransplant survival has been 100%, with median follow‐up of 573 days (range 152–1126). A systematic approach to HVAD implantation can provide excellent results in pediatric heart failure management for a variety of etiologies and broad BSA range.
Incontinentia pigmenti‐associated ocular anomalies of paediatric incontinentia pigmenti patients in China
Authors: Peng Jie , Zhang Qi , Long Xinchun , Zhang Jia , Huang Qiujing , Li Yian , She Kaiqin , Zhao Peiquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeTo characterize ocular manifestations in a cohort of paediatric patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP) and to define the guidelines for grading of IP‐associated retinopathy (IPR).MethodsThis retrospective review was performed on patients under the age of 18 years with a diagnosis of IP. Data included demographics, medical history, ocular examination, and accessory examination. Ocular and systemic physical examinations of the parents were carried out to determine the familial history.ResultsSixty‐one children (58 females and three males) with median age of 3.7 months were observed consecutively. The median follow‐up duration was 13.4 months (range: 6.5–75.0 months). A total of 47 patients had various ocular anomalies. Among them, 28 patients had bilateral ocular anomalies and 19 had unilateral anomalies. Vitreoretinal changes were noted in 73 of 122 eyes, including eight eyes with retinal pigment epithelium changes only (Stage 1), 22 eyes with retinal vascular abnormalities (Stage 2), five eyes with epiretinal membranes or fibrotic hyperplasia combined with avascularized zones (Stage 3), six eyes with retinal neovascularization (Stage 3), one eye with vitreous haemorrhage (Stage 3), 10 eyes with partial retinal detachment (RD) (Stage 4a), 15 eyes with total RD (Stage 4b) and eight eyes with phthisis bulbi and secondary glaucoma (Stage 5).ConclusionVarious vitreoretinal manifestations can be found in paediatric patients with IP and classified into five stages, which are characterized by retinal vasculopathy.
The histone demethylase Jarid1b mediates angiotensin II‐induced endothelial dysfunction by controlling the 3′UTR of soluble epoxide hydrolase
Authors: Vasconez Andrea E. , Janetzko Patrick , Oo James A. , Pflüger‐Müller Beatrice , Ratiu Corina , Gu Lunda , Helin Kristian , Geisslinger Gerd , Fleming Ingrid , Schröder Katrin , Fork Christian , Brandes Ralf P. , Leisegang Matthias S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe histone demethylase Jarid1b limits gene expression by removing the active methyl mark from histone3 lysine4 at gene promoter regions. A vascular function of Jarid1b is unknown, but a vasoprotective function to inflammatory and hypertrophic stimuli, like angiotensin II (AngII) could be inferred. This hypothesis was tested using Jarid1b knockout mice and the inhibitor PBIT.MethodsMice or aortic segments were treated with AngII to induce endothelial dysfunction. Aortae from WT and Jarid1b knockout were studied in organ chambers and endothelium‐dependent dilator responses to acetylcholine and endothelium‐independent responses to DetaNONOate were recorded after pre‐constriction with phenylephrine in the presence or absence of the NO‐synthase inhibitor nitro‐L‐arginine. Molecular mechanisms were investigated with chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA‐Seq, RNA‐3′‐adaptor‐ligation, actinomycin D and RNA‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsKnockout or inhibition of Jarid1b prevented the development of endothelial dysfunction in response to AngII. This effect was not a consequence of altered nitrite oxide availability but accompanied by a loss of the inflammatory response to AngII. As Jarid1b mainly inhibits gene expression, an indirect effect should account for this observation. AngII induced the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which degrades anti‐inflammatory lipids, and thus promotes inflammation. Knockout or inhibition of Jarid1b prevented the AngII‐mediated sEH induction. Mechanistically, Jarid1b maintained the length of the 3′untranslated region of the sEH mRNA, thereby increasing its stability and thus sEH protein expression. Loss of Jarid1b activity therefore resulted in sEH mRNA destabilization.ConclusionJarid1b contributes to the pro‐inflammatory effects of AngII by stabilizing sEH expression. Jarid1b inhibition might be an option for future therapeutics against cardiovascular dysfunction.