bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent Pattern Speeds in Barred Galaxies
Authors: Wu Yu-Ting , Pfenniger Daniel , Taam Ronald E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Based on a high-quality N-body simulation of a double-bar galaxy model, we investigate the evolution of the bar properties, including their size, strength, and instantaneous pattern speed derived by using three distinct methods: the Fourier, Jacobi integral, and moment of inertia methods. The interaction of the two bars, which rotate at distinct speeds, primarily affects the size, strength, and pattern speed of the inner bar. When the two bars are perpendicular to each other, the size and the pattern speed of the inner bar decrease and its strength increases. The emergence of a strong Fourier m = 1 mode increases the oscillation amplitude of the size, strength, and pattern speed of the inner bar. On the other hand, the characteristics of the outer bar are substantially influenced by its adjacent spiral structure. When the spiral structure disappears, the size of the outer bar increases and its strength and pattern speed decrease. Consequently, the ratio of the pattern speed of the outer bar with respect to the inner bar is not constant and increases with time. Overall, the double-bar and disk system displays substantial high-frequency semichaotic fluctuations of the pattern strengths and speeds in both space and time, superposed on the slow secular evolution, which invalidates the assumption that the actions of individual stars should be well conserved in barred galaxies, such as the Milky Way.
Perceptions of post-multicurrency regime financial inclusion confidence challenges in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ngwenya Bongani , Pelser Theuns , Chivaura Talent 
Published: June 2018

Aim: The study sought to assess the informal trader’s perceptions of the post-multicurrency regime financial inclusion confidence challenges in Zimbabwe and also through further future studies explore the potential of explicating a framework for achieving optimal financial inclusion in an economy recovering from a recession through further future studies. Setting: A non-probability judgment sample of 1000 informal traders in the Avondale area of Harare was used in this study. Method: The study established four potential financial inclusion construct pillars: demand side factors, supply side factors, behavioural factors and individual factors; these were largely influenced by age, which can be investigated in further future grounded theory studies to develop a framework. Results: The results indicate that healing from the financial experiences of the hyperinflation era of 2008 still has not been achieved. The study suggests a need for Zimbabwe to restore human rights, political stability, and ensure compliance with the Financial Action Task Force regulations regarding money laundering and terror financing in order to boost external confidence in the financial system of the country. Conclusion: There is still a challenge of confidence in the country’s financial system. The proposed framework is envisaged to minimise the negative impacts of the mistrust of formal financial service providers and boost confidence in the financial system. It is hoped that the findings will aid government to craft policies that will be perceived as supportive of the informal sector to achieve optimal financial inclusion. The study further suggests penetration of the rural areas through technological advances such as mobile networks.
An exploratory study of the effect of country-by-country reporting ambiguities on Johannesburg Stock Exchange-listed companies
Authors: Thiart Cara , Nel George F. 
Published: June 2018

Background: South Africa issued regulations implementing country-by-country (CbC) reporting standards for multinational enterprises (MNEs) on 23 December 2016. Country-by-country reporting will be applicable to all MNEs with a group revenue in excess of R10 billion. Aim: The aim of the study was twofold: to identify ambiguities that might influence the filing obligation and subsequent scope of CbC reporting in South Africa and to quantitatively measure the potential impact of any identified ambiguities. Setting: This study used data from Johannesburg Stock Exchange-listed companies. Methods: The study commences with a review of the relevant regulations and other applicable literature and continues with a quantitative analysis exploring alternative interpretations deduced from this review. Results: The review identified conflicting interpretations of how companies can be categorised as an MNE Group or not, as well as in measuring the revenue threshold. An analysis of the group structures and annual reports of a selected sample of 78 companies showed that the scope of CbC reporting will depend on the definitions applied to an MNE Group and revenue. Conclusion: Further guidance is needed to determine whether non-controlling entities must be considered as Constituent Entities, as well as how to measure revenue (i.e. whether only the International Financial Reporting Standards [IFRS] 15 revenue line item should be used or whether other income should also be included).
Case report of acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with progression of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS)
Authors: Liu Li , Contis Lydia C , Palmer Octavia Melvina 
Published: June 2018

Background: Acquired hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive hyperinflammatory syndrome. Without prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, it can be life-threatening. HLH is commonly present in the setting of other autoimmune disorders, infection, organ transplantation, and malignancy. However, to our knowledge, HLH associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) has not been reported.Case presentation: A 67-year-old woman with an extensive history of MGUS and renal transplant presented with progressive fatigue, weight loss, intermittent fevers, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation identified a new monoclonal protein IgG lambda and a rapidly increasing pre-existing free kappa light chain. A bone marrow biopsy revealed focal clusters of kappa restricted plasma cells which comprised less than 10\% of marrow cellularity. Skeletal survey was negative for osteolytic lesions. She was also free of any end-organ damage. Histological examination showed a prominent increase in histiocytes and macrophages, many of which show erythrophagocytosis and lymphophagocytosis. Together with her clinical presentation along with a hyperferritinemia, a diagnosis of HLH was confirmed utilizing the criteria of the Histiocyte Society. The patient underwent a splenectomy. Prompt treatment with etoposide and high dose dexamethasone eventually stabilized the patient and resulted in a full recovery, which coincided with the disappearance of the serum monoclonal IgG lambda.Conclusions: This report reveals a novel association of HLH with the progression of MGUS. Familiarity with this syndrome and its association with other conditions is indicated to ensure prompt diagnosis and appropriate patient treatment.
Jerusalem as Caelum Caeli in Augustine
Authors: Boersma Gerald P. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2018

The city of Jerusalem is the focal point of Augustine’s exegesis of the Psalms of Ascent. In Enarratio in Psalmum 121, Augustine presents Jerusalem as a collective unity contemplating God’s being. The city is thoroughly established in peace and love and participates intimately in the divine life. The essential features of the Jerusalem described in Enarratio in Psalmum 121 align neatly with the created intellectual realm of contemplation (the caelum caeli) outlined in Confessiones Book 12. Both texts envisage a city that participates in the divine idipsum. This city is a creature so intimate with God’s being that its creaturely mutability is checked. Both texts articulate this created intellectual realm as participating in God’s eternity. In both cases, this participation is realized in contemplation: through the constancy of its vision, it is conformed to that which it sees. Finally, both the aeterna Ierusalem and the caelum caeli are a communion—in fact, a city—united in love. In Enarratio in Psalmum 121, Augustine urges his congregants to join themselves to this edifice that is still under construction; in the Confessiones, he presents himself as a pilgrim groaning and longing with desire to be part of the Jerusalem that is above, his mother and patria.
Automatic discovery of transferable patterns in protein-ligand interaction networks
Authors: Mrzic Aida , Van Rompaey Dries , Naulaerts Stefan , De Winter Hans , Vanden Berghe Wim , Meysman Pieter , Laukens Kris 
Published: June 2018

In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has been confronted with rising R&D costs paired with decreasing productivity. Attrition rates for new molecules are tremendous, with a substantial number of molecules failing in an advanced stage of development. Repositioning previously approved drugs for new indications can mitigate these issues by reducing both risk and cost of development. Computational methods have been developed to allow for the prediction of drug-target interactions, but it remains difficult to branch out into new areas of application where information is scarce.
Here, we present a proof-of-concept for discovering patterns in protein-ligand data using frequent itemset mining. Two key advantages of our method are the transferability of our patterns to different application domains and the facile interpretation of our recommendations. Starting from a set of known protein-ligand relationships, we identify patterns of molecular substructures and protein domains that lie at the basis of these interactions. We show that these same patterns also underpin metabolic pathways in humans. We further demonstrate how association rules mined from human protein-ligand interaction patterns can be used to predict antibiotics susceptible to bacterial resistance mechanisms.
Range of Ankle Dorsiflexion in a Group of Adults with Ligamentous Laxity
Authors: Benhamu-Benhamu Salomon , Garcia-de-la-Peña Raquel , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Jimenez-Cristino Maria Dolores , Gordillo-Fernández Luis M. , Dominguez-Maldonado Gabriel 
Published: June 2018

Background:Ligamentous or joint laxity is a clinical entity characterized by increased joint mobility beyond the range of motion regarded as normal, and joint mobility is an effective indicator of the degree of laxity. We examined the influence of ligamentous laxity on the range of ankle dorsiflexion with the knee flexed and extended, comparing lax adults with a control (nonlax) group.Methods:The sample comprised 400 individuals: 200 in the control group (mean ± SD age, 32.49 ± 11.06 years) and 200 in the lax group (mean ± SD age, 29.82 ± 9.40 years). The Beighton criteria were applied to each participant to diagnose laxity or nonlaxity, and sex, age, and angle range of bilateral dorsiflexion with the knee extended and flexed were recorded.Results:The mean ± SD dorsiflexion range with the knee straight was 16.14° ± 5.29° left ankle and 21.21° ± 4.93° right ankle in the lax group and 12.94° ± 4.17° left ankle and 17.08° ± 4.40° right ankle in the control group. The respective values with the knee flexed were 15.84° ± 5.31° and 21.21° ± 4.80° in the lax group and 12.95° ± 3.95 and 17.23° ± 4.25° in the control group.Conclusions:In this sample, ankle dorsiflexion range in the lax group was 4° bigger than that in the control group in both knee positions.
Aspects of the Chemical Energetics of the Hypervalent Benzene‐Based Organohalogen Halosyl, Halyl, and Perhalyl Species
Authors: Ponikvar‐Svet Maja , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss the chemical energetics of the hypervalent benzene‐based organohalogen halosyl, halyl, and perhalyl species in its broadest sense. Our discussion includes calorimetric measurements, ionization potentials, equilibrium constants, and electrochemical quantities such as redox potentials.
Alkynylations and Vinylations
Authors: Hari Durga Prasad , Nicolai Stefano , Waser Jerome 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlkynes and alkenes are important building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry and related domains. Therefore, unceasing efforts have been invested to develop new methods to introduce these valuable functional groups. Traditionally, most alkynylation and alkenylation reactions have relied on the use of olefins and acetylenes as nucleophilic reacting species, limiting the accessible structural diversity. The discovery of the unique properties of hypervalent iodine has more recently significantly broadened the scope of electrophilic ethynylation and vinylation reactions. Alkynyl and alkenyl iodonium salts were first recognized as powerful reagents to install electrophilic acetylenes and olefins onto nucleophilic substrates under mild conditions. Their low stability has, however, narrowed the area of their applications. Since 2009, more stable cyclic benziodoxol(on)e reagents have shown their superiority as effective electrophilic alkynylating and alkenylating reagents in numerous metal‐free and metal‐catalyzed olefination and ethynylation reactions of carbon‐centered nucleophiles, radicals, and heteroatom nucleophiles. In this chapter, an overview of the progress in the field is presented, including a short summary of pioneering works, followed by a more in‐depth description of recent results.
Microporous Polypyrrole‐Coated Graphene Foam for High‐Performance Multifunctional Sensors and Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Park Heun , Kim Jung Wook , Hong Soo Yeong , Lee Geumbee , Kim Dong Sik , Oh Ju hyun , Jin Sang Woo , Jeong Yu Ra , Oh Seung Yun , Yun Jun Yeong , Ha Jeong Sook 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study reports on the fabrication of pressure/temperature/strain sensors and all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitors using only polydimethylsiloxane coated microporous polypyrrole/graphene foam composite (PDMS/PPy/GF) as a common material. A dual‐mode sensor is designed with PDMS/PPy/GF, which measures pressure and temperature with the changes of current and voltage, respectively, without interference to each other. The fabricated dual‐mode sensor shows high sensitivity, fast response/recovery, and high durability during 10 000 cycles of pressure loading. The pressure is estimated using the thermoelectric voltage induced by simultaneous increase in temperature caused by a finger touch on the sensor. Additionally, a resistor‐type strain sensor fabricated using the same PDMS/PPy/GF could detect the strain up to 50%. Flexible, high performance supercapacitor used as a power supply is fabricated with electrodes of PPy/GF for its high surface area and pseudocapacitance. Furthermore, an integrated system of such fabricated multifunctional sensors and a supercapacitor on a skin‐attachable flexible substrate using liquid–metal interconnections operates well, whereas sensors are driven by the power of the supercapacitor. This study clearly demonstrates that the appropriate choice of a single functional material enables fabrication of active multifunctional sensors for pressure, temperature, and strain, as well as the supercapacitor, that could be used in wirelessly powered wearable devices.
Iron Fluoride–Carbon Nanocomposite Nanofibers as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High‐Energy Lithium Batteries
Authors: Fu Wenbin , Zhao Enbo , Sun Zifei , Ren Xiaolei , Magasinski Alexandre , Yushin Gleb 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, high‐energy cathodes from nontoxic, broadly available resources is a big challenge for the next‐generation rechargeable lithium or lithium‐ion batteries. As a promising alternative to traditional intercalation‐type chemistries, conversion‐type metal fluorides offer much higher theoretical capacity and energy density than conventional cathodes. Unfortunately, these still suffer from irreversible structural degradation and rapid capacity fading upon cycling. To address these challenges, here a versatile and effective strategy is harnessed for the development of metal fluoride–carbon (C) nanocomposite nanofibers as flexible, free‐standing cathodes. By taking iron trifluoride (FeF3) as a successful example, assembled FeF3–C/Li cells with a high reversible FeF3 capacity of 550 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 (three times that of traditional cathodes, such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide) and excellent stability (400+ cycles with little‐to‐no degradation) are demonstrated. The promising characteristics can be attributed to the nanoconfinement of FeF3 nanoparticles, which minimizes the segregation of Fe and LiF upon cycling, the robustness of the electrically conductive C network and the prevention of undesirable reactions between the active material and the liquid electrolyte using the composite design and electrolyte selection.
Temperature‐Induced Stacking to Create Cu2O Concave Sphere for Light Trapping Capable of Ultrasensitive Single‐Particle Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Shang Yang , Lin Jie , Li Anran , Wang Xiaotian , Li Bin , Guo Lin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of bowl or concave particles with “asymmetric centers” has drawn considerable attentions, in which multiple scattering occurs inside the particles and the ability of light scattering is distinctly enhanced. However, the limited variety of templates, the uncontrollable dimensions such as the size of concavity and the complex growth process have posed serious limitations to the reproducible construction of concave particles with desired geometries and their light‐trapping properties. Herein, a “temperature‐induced stacking” strategy is proposed to create controllable concavity Cu2O spheres for the first time. Different sizes of F68 micelles can be formed through aggregation under different reaction temperatures, which can serve as soft template to tailor concave geometries of Cu2O spheres. The as‐prepared Cu2O concave sphere (CS) can serve as single‐particle (SP) surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for highly repeatable and consistent Raman spectra. The unique cavity of Cu2O CS entraps light effectively, which also enhances the scattering length owing to multiple light scattering. Combined with slightly increased surface area and charge‐transfer process, Cu2O CS exhibits remarkable single‐particle SERS performance, with an ultralow low detection limit (2 × 10−8 mol L−1) and metal comparable enhancement factor (2.8 × 105).
Transmission‐Reflection‐Integrated Multifunctional Coding Metasurface for Full‐Space Controls of Electromagnetic Waves
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wu Rui Yuan , Bai Guo Dong , Wu Hao Tian , Ma Qian , Chen Xiao Qing , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDigital coding metasurfaces are aimed at simplifying the design and optimization procedures, and manipulating electromagnetic waves in digital manner. In this paper, a multilayered anisotropic coding metasurface is designed to realize multiple independent functionalities by changing the polarization and direction of incident waves. As a proof of concept, the beam deflection, diffuse scattering, and vortex beam generation are realized by using only a single transmission‐reflection‐integrated (TRI) coding metasurface. This design can achieve three different functionalities and simultaneous controls of transmitted and reflected wavefronts on a shared aperture with the TRI coding scheme. Both numerical and measured results verify the excellent performance of the multifunctional digital coding metasurface, which provides a simple way to extend the functionality of high‐efficiency metadevices.
Order Mesoporous Carbon Spheres with Precise Tunable Large Pore Size by Encapsulated Self‐Activation Strategy
Authors: Du Juan , Liu Lei , Hu Zepeng , Yu Yifeng , Qin Yuming , Chen Aibing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOrder mesoporous carbon spheres (O‐MCS) have wide applications in catalysis, absorption, and energy storage/conversion due to their ordered mesoporous channels, large surface areas, and quantum effects in the nanoscale. However, realizing a precise control of large mesoporous size still remains a big challenge. Herein, an encapsulated self‐activation strategy to prepare highly ordered mesoporous carbon spheres with precise tunable large pore sizes is first reported. The large mesopore size is achieved by encapsulating mesoporous polymer sphere in compact silica shell for pyrolysis process. Moreover, the self‐activation mechanism endows the O‐MCS high surface area, large mesoporous size, and pore volume. In addition, simply increasing the amount of silica precursor will enlarge the pore sizes of O‐MCS from 3.1 to 10.0 nm with increased specific surface area from 696 to 1186 m2 g−1. The large order mesoporous structure of O‐MCS, which can facilitate diffusion of guest molecules in the channels exhibit great advantage in the adsorption and electrochemical applications.
Ferromagnet/Superconductor Hybridization for Magnonic Applications
Authors: Golovchanskiy Igor A. , Abramov Nikolay N. , Stolyarov Vasily S. , Bolginov Vitaly V. , Ryazanov Valery V. , Golubov Alexander A. , Ustinov Alexey V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this work, a new hybridization of superconducting and ferromagnetic orders is demonstrated, promising for magnonics. By measuring the ferromagnetic and spin wave resonance absorption spectra of a magnetostatically coupled permalloy/niobium bilayer at different temperatures, magnetostatic spin wave resonances with unconventional dispersion are observed. The mechanism behind the modified dispersion, confirmed with micromagnetic simulations, implies screening of the alternating magnetostatic stray fields of precessing magnetic moments in the ferromagnetic layer by the superconducting surface in the Meissner state.
Compartmentalization within Self‐Assembled Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles for Tandem Reactions
Authors: Xu Zhiling , Xiao Gengwu , Li Hongfeng , Shen Yu , Zhang Jing , Pan Ting , Chen Xinyi , Zheng Bing , Wu Jiansheng , Li Sheng , Zhang Weina , Huang Wei , Huo Fengwei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCompartmentalization is an essential feature found in living cells to ensure multiple biological processes occur without being affected by undesired external influences. Here, compartmentalized systems are developed based on the self‐assembly of metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles into multifunctional MOF capsules (MOF‐Cs). Such MOF‐Cs have the capability of controlling molecular transportation and protecting interior microenvironment, thus making tandem reaction along trajectories to desired products. First of all, MOF‐Cs present controlled molecular transportation derived from molecular sieving property of MOFs. Second, MOF‐Cs can protect the encapsulated cargoes from denaturation and maintain their catalytic activity. Third, MOF‐Cs can provide spatial segregation for incompatible species and facilitate communication between these compartments to perform tandem reactions. These compartmentalized structures offer new views in the transportation, microreactor, and biotechnology.