bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling subgrid combustion processes in simulations of thermonuclear supernovae
Authors: Townsley Dean M , Calder Alan C , Miles Broxton J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Supernovae of type Ia are thought to arise from the thermonuclear incineration of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf stellar remnant. However, the detailed explosion scenario and stellar evolutionary origin scenario – or scenarios – which lead to observed supernovae are still quite uncertain. One of the principal tests of proposed scenarios is comparison with the explosion products inferred, for example, from the spectrum of the supernovae. Making this comparison requires computation of the combustion dynamics and products through simulation of proposed scenarios. Here we discuss two specific proposed explosion scenarios, the deflagration-detonation transition and the helium shell double detonation, With these two examples in mind, we proceed to discuss challenges to computational modeling of the combustion taking place in these explosions. Both subsonically and supersonically propagating reaction fronts are discussed, called deflagrations and detonations respectively. Several major stages of the combustion occur on length and time scales that are many orders of magnitude smaller than those accessible in simulations of the explosion. Models which attempt to capture this sub-grid behavior and the verification of those models is briefly discussed.
thornado-hydro: towards discontinuous Galerkin methods for supernova hydrodynamics1
Authors: Endeve Eirik , Buffaloe Jesse , Dunham Samuel J , Roberts Nick , Andrew Kristopher , Barker Brandon , Pochik David , Pulsinelli Juliana , Mezzacappa Anthony 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The toolkit for high-order neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics (thornado) is being developed for simulations of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and related problems. Current capabilities in thornado include solvers for the Euler equations — in non-relativistic and special relativistic limits — and the two-moment model of neutrino transport. The spatial discretization in thornado is based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, which is receiving increased attention from the computational astrophysics community. In this paper, we provide an overview of the numerical methods for the Euler equations in thornado, and present some encouraging preliminary numerical results from a set of basic tests in one and two spatial dimensions.
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing for the identification and characterization of trees in urban areas.
Authors: Mueed Choudhury Md Abdul , Costanzini Sofia , Despini Francesca , Rossi Paolo , Galli Andrea , Marcheggiani Ernesto , Teggi Sergio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor the last few decades, there have been a lot of studies recognising the significant roles of the urban trees as a high-quality carbon sink. This work is a preliminary study about how remote sensing and photogrammetry could be useful tools to identify urban trees for the purpose of Carbon Storage (CS) computation in urban areas. Our first study area is a typical urban park located in Sassuolo, a municipality in the northern part of Italy in the so-called “Pianura Padana”. We measured the tree Height (H) and the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), required for the calibration of the CS, based on the tree allometry during the field data collection along with the constructing a 3D model through the photogrammetric approach. A high-resolution WorldView (WV) 3 satellite image of the same area, was classified using an object-oriented approach to count the number of trees varied with different species. This preliminary study will enhance the possibilities of the application of these approaches in case of the larger urban areas to ascertain the accuracy of the tree CS calibration.
Effect of Sensor Type and Positioning on Features for Condition Monitoring of a Mechatronic System
Authors: D’Emilia G. , Gaspari A. , Natale E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a methodology is described able to give general suggestions and guide lines in choosing the most suitable parameter, measuring strategy and the feature set for possible use in a condition monitoring procedure. The tests have been carried out on a mechatronic system in real scale, realizing a sinusoidal motion of its end effector. Internal sensors to the controller have been used (encoder and current sensors) and external to it (laser Doppler vibrometer and three-axis accelerometer). A kinematic and dynamic model of the mechanical linkage of the automated system allows the user to correlate the measurements and to compute the other quantities, even though of different type and/or measured in other point of the device. The most suitable quantities and features have been recognized with respect to the capability of identifying different operating statuses of the device, often independently on the measuring point, if the simulation model is used.
Influence of Hybrid Fibers on the Fresh and Hardened Properties of Structural Light Weight Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Ibrahim Haider Araby , Abbas Basim Jabbar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The scope of this research is certainly to provide some experimental data on the effect of hybrid fiber on fresh and hardened properties of structural pumice lightweight aggregates self-compacting concrete (SLWSCC). Addition of hybrid fibers to concrete properties has changed the state of concrete from brittle to ductile. Slump flow test, L-box test, and V-funnel test were leading to find the (SLWSCC) workability of fresh properties. The mechanical properties of hardened (SLWSCC), including compressive, and splitting tensile, strengths, and moduli of rupture. Eleven concrete mixtures of (SLWSCC) with different mono and hybrid fibers contents of steel fibers (SF) and polypropylene (PP) fibers with a ratio (0%, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 1.2%) of volume fractions were prepared to study the change in its fresh and hardened characteristics. Test results were showed that the fibers whereas used in a hybrid form with (SLWSCC) be able to have as a result of high composite performance compared to their single thing fiber-reinforced concretes. The optimum properties of (SLWSCC) can get form mix (HF8) with 0.6% (SF) content and 0.3% (PP) fibers exhibit higher flexural strength behavior by 206%, and tensile strength of increased by 129%.
Time as a Critic Factor in Architecture
Authors: Almajidi Basim Hasan Hashim , Jasem Aseel Jafer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Time is the most important concepts associated with architecture. Architecture is realized through testing, selection, evaluation and judgment through time, it has many different images overtime, as if time overturn the many faces of the architectural text to show its weakness and strongest points, which will produce many images of architecture text that appear and disappear at the same period time. The Processes of testing, evaluation and selection makes time play the role of critic to architecture as the reader or critic examines a text, as such time relates to architecture. The research focuses on the concept of time as a Critic factor to architecture, which highlights the problem of the absence of a clear conception of time as a Critic factor to architecture. The research aims at constructing a theoretical framework and then applying it to selected projects, which leads to the conclusion that time as a critic shows and hides aspects of the creative architectural text gradually recognized in short or long-term according to the social, cultural, economic and technical conditions of production, which resulting in new interpretations of modern readings. This makes time a sustainable factor in architecture
Effects of organic warm mix asphalt additives on marshall properties
Authors: Addahhan A J , Asmael N M , Fattah M Y 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a new sustainable technology that gives an economic and environmental beneficial value by means of production temperature decrease of the asphalt mixture by (10-40) °C. The difference between conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) and WMA mixes were analyzed, in this study, in term of marshall properties which conducted on specimens are produced of: Al-Nibaae source aggregate and Al-Dorah Refinery source asphalt binder (40/50 PEN) modified by two organic additives (Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B). The laboratory tests to determine the mechanical properties of asphalt binder and aggregates are conducted. Two types of aggregate gradation mixtures are designed to perform HMA and WMA preparations using Marshall design method. Doses of 1, 2, and 3% of the additives by total weight of asphalt binder were chosen. WMA mixtures are prepared at 40 °C less than HMA specimens and produced by the same procedure. Many changes on mechanical and physical properties are observed due to the existence of the additives and dosages. The results show that the resulted properties are enhanced by using Asphaltan A and Asphaltan B as WMA additives to the Iraqi asphalt binder.
Urban renewal of the historic centre of Rusafa
Authors: Alkinani Amer Shakir 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The historical centers represent the present of the past, which is embodied in its buildings and spaces, which are places of continuous life bearing the history of the city with all its material and objective dimensions, making it living centers that form an essential part of the body of the city and give it a vision for another time and it represents a cultural heritage that should be preserved and maintained. The research started from the reality that indicates the great change in the land uses of the region and the deterioration of the situation and change in use in addition to the neglect of its role and historical status, the study aims to study the subject of urban renewal of heritage areas in general and urban development and the area of Senk in particular. The problem of research is to determine a policy of urban renewal that is most suitable for interacting with the region and preserving its cultural heritage as one of the constituent parts of the historic center of Baghdad. Therefore, the objective of the research is to achieve real development of the region (the Senak region) by reviving the role commercial and vital as one of the parts of the center of the city of Baghdad to propose a plan for the development of the region and the development of the commercial area in which is the area between the square Khalani and Hafiz al-Qadi Square extended to Al-Rashid Street in light of the developments that have occurred and the current need for the region form and function and solve current and expected problems and find more types of uses Convenient to the area.
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Concrete Beam Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRM)
Authors: Sammen Saad Sh , Ahmed Q W. , Al-Karawi S N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Due to the corrosion that occurs in internal steel reinforcement; many of steel reinforced concrete structure are at risk of collapse. The budget that will be developed to address this risk in terms of replacement or repair of damaged concrete structures will be very high for the owner or responsible authorities. Alternatives to bare steel have been used including stainless steel, galvanized steel, epoxy-coated steel and cathodic protection, with limited effectiveness. The characteristics of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bars like the high tensile strength, inability to corrode, and light weight; it has become the focus of decision-makers to use it instead of steel in internal reinforcement for future concrete structures. In this research, we have investigated flexural behavior in reinforced concrete beams with bars from bars from carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP), bars from high tensile steel (HTS), and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) under static load. Two groups from samples were used, in the first group will show the effect of the type of reinforcement. In the second group will show the effect of the type of reinforcement with different concrete strength. It found these kinds of materials to be very is effective to deal with analysis and the proposed simulation of the material in this study are able of forecast the real behavior of reinforced concrete beam by FRP bars in terms of failure load, and load-deflection behavior.
Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement in Square Cross-Section with Obstacle Using Nanofluids
Authors: Jehhef Kadhum Audaa , Khanjar Rehab H. , Siba M A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop in turbulent flow of Al2O3 and CuO/water nanofluid that flowing in a horizontal straight square cross-section duct with obstacle has been studied experimentally and numerically. The experimental work is attempted by using a water and nanoparticles concentration of (φ = 0.5 to 2.0 % vol.) that flows in an aluminium square duct with side dimensions of a = 20 mm and length of L = 1000 mm. The obstacle located at the middle of the duct with different obstacle height to pipe side ratio varied as (h/a = 0.0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). The water entered to the duct with inlet Reynolds number of turbulent flow of 3500, 4300, 5200 and 6800. Constant heat flux of 6500 W/m2 is applied upon the external walls of the duct. The numerical finite volume method with appropriate boundary conditions used with ANSYS-Fluent v.16.2 was employed to simulate the temperatures and velocity of the nanofluids. The experimental and numerical results showed that the average Nusselt number increases with increasing the obstacle height ratio and with using nanofluids as compared with pure water. Moreover, the Nusselt number increases with increasing the nanoparticles concentrations in the nanofluids. In addition, the results indicated that increasing in the obstacle height ratio and increasing the nanoparticles, concentration leads to increasing the friction factor and pressure drop. Finally, the numerical results give good indication to the presence of the recirculation cell zone behind the obstacle.
Reducing Exhaust Gas Emissions of Stationary Diesel Engines Using Water Bath
Authors: Majeed Waleed , Ibrahim Ahmed , Abdullah Muthana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This work was conducted with the aim of reducing exhaust gas emissions of stationary diesel engines, particularly those used locally by the private sector for electric power generation. A specially designed water bath equipped with perforated tubes submerged in water and supplied with water circulation to maintain the cleanness of water was used for this purpose. The diesel engine exhaust gas was admitted to the water bath through the perforated tubes such that the exhaust gas is “cleaned up” thoroughly before being released to the atmosphere. An experimental work was conducted on a four-stroke, air-cooled, one-cylinder diesel engine to verify the feasibility of using this technique in reducing exhaust gas emissions before applying it to large size diesel engines. The experimental results indicated that the use of the proposed water bath led to enormous reductions in oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), unburnt Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), and exhaust gas temperatures. In addition to a relatively small reduction in exhaust noise. For the engine power range considered in this work (0.4-2 kW), NOx was reduced by 62-73%, unburned HC was reduced by 72-85%, CO was reduced by 41-68%, exhaust gas temperature was reduced by 89-91% and exhaust noise was reduced by 1-7%.
Characteristics Performance Prediction of PV Panel Using Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Hasan Ibtisam A. , Jawad Mohammed , Abdullah Basma 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper focuses on prediction and evaluation the correlation factors of PV panel characteristics in order to determine the implicit correlation forms for the efficiency and temperature of the system under Iraq climate conditions. Implicit correlation forms consisted on the ambient temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and humidity. Cuckoo search algorithm was employed as an intelligent optimization method to predict the correlation factors of each variable under different evaluation method which are, mean square error (MSE), integrate absolute error (IAE) and integrate square error (ISE). The results appeared that the proposed method was succeeded to predict both of the PV panel temperature and efficiency with MSE evaluation method compared with other methods. Where, the lowest MSE was recorded lower the 1 % for each characteristic.
Efficiency of photoelectric converters intellectual system application on ground electric transport
Authors: Kolbasov A F , Karpuchin K E , Terenchenko A S , Girutskiy O I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly road transport is now directly related to the introduction of electric actuators, high-voltage storage systems and the accumulation of electricity in transport. Thus, a significant variety of hybrid traction drive circuits appears, which can be charged from an external power source. However, all of them use hydrocarbon fuel for charging and storage of electricity, which emits CO2 while burning. Clean electric vehicles are the most efficient in terms of environmental indicators, since they use only electricity produced in power plants located far from the operation aureole of the electric vehicle, which allows to improve the environmental situation in megapolises significantly. As you know, energy complexes in different countries have different environmental efficiency and CO2 emissions during power generation are also present. Transition to the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar power plants, can give its effect, since at present, their productivity in the world reaches 400 GW, but the transmission of energy over distances reduces the efficiency. Thus, based on the development trends of solar power plants, it is important to consider the use of photovoltaic cells, the so-called “solar cells” directly on the electric vehicle itself in order to improve environmental friendliness.
Development of the upper-layer electronic control unit based on a production-type unit for a commercial vehicle
Authors: Astapenko D A , Butarovich D O , Smirnov A A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of a modern vehicle is associated with the need to co-operate with a variety of components from different manufacturers, due to the fact that companies mainly specialize in the manufacture of specific equipment (powertrain, steering, braking system, dashboard, etc.). Majority of manufacturers of automotive electronic units do not allow changes to their finished products, therefore, when integrating components into a single vehicle, there is a problem with the coordination of control signals and communication protocols. In response to this problem, it is required to use an additional electronic unit - the electronic control unit of the upper layer (ECU). This device generates signals for each component in accordance with the requirements of manufacturers. This unit may have different components and different functionality depending on the requirements. The unit is based on a microcontroller with a control program. To control the power discrete output, power transistor MOSFET keys are used. Optocouplers or specialized microchips are used for processing discrete digital signals. Moreover, the unit is equipped with specialized microcircuits, which allow the exchange of information with other electronic units via digital protocols.
Basic principles of vehicle suspension control
Authors: Yurlin D , Bakhmutov S , Girutskiy O 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the description of the basic operation principles of control systems over suspension (cushioning) system elements of a vehicle. The basic operation algorithms, as well as the basic principles of change of properties of suspension or cushioning components under different vehicle driving conditions, are presented. The list of sensors and signals, which shall be present in the system to ensure its effective operation, is proposed. The results of experimental analysis of the pneumatic elastic element (air bellows) stiffness and the results of computer simulation of the vehicle behavior when turning are additionally presented.
Automation of wheeled vehicles load bearing frames finite-element models loading procedure by using inertia relief method and vehicle multi-body dynamics model
Authors: Vdovin D S , Chichekin I V , Levenkov Y Y , Shabolin M L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a technique for strain-stress calculation using finite element analysis for wheeled vehicle’s load bearing frames with the use of loads, obtained from full vehicle multi body dynamics models (MBD models). In this technique, boundary conditions need not to be defined, as the inertia relief method used. Frame and suspension parts are imposed in MBD model as flexible bodies to increase accuracy of loads calculations. The presented method is capable to automatize loading procedure of finite-element models, thus decreasing computational costs and results processing costs while analyzing numerous load cases. As an example, strength analysis of 6x6 articulated vehicle frame is presented. Proposed method compared to “classic” finite-element frame modelling technique, which use conventional loads formulation and fixed boundary conditions. In load case “standing on ground”, calculation results with the use of two methods demonstrate high convergence in zones, located far from suspension and frame mounting joints. For load case “hanging of second axis” results are significantly different, due to ability of MBD-model to capture behavior of suspension links, and calculate true vehicle frame movement in space in particular load case. Loading procedure of frame finite element model is automated, using script, which transfer loads from MDB-model.
On the real-analyticity of rigid spherical hypersurfaces in ℂ²
Authors: Isaev Alexander , Merker Joël 
Published: June 2019

We prove that every smooth rigid spherical hypersurface in

C

2

\mathbb {C}^2

is in fact real-analytic. As an application of this result, it follows that the classification of real-analytic rigid spherical hypersurfaces in

C

2

\mathbb {C}^2

found by V. Ezhov and G. Schmalz applies in the smooth case.
Eremenko points and the structure of the escaping set
Authors: Rippon P. , Stallard G. 
Published: June 2019

Much recent work on the iterates of a transcendental entire function

f
f

has been motivated by Eremenko’s conjecture that all the components of the escaping set

I
(
f
)

I(f)

are unbounded. We prove several general results about the topological structure of

I
(
f
)

I(f)

including the fact that if

I
(
f
)

I(f)

is disconnected, then it contains uncountably many pairwise disjoint unbounded continua, all of which are subsets of the fast escaping set. We give analogous results for the intersection of

I
(
f
)

I(f)

with the Julia set when multiply connected wandering domains are not present, and show that completely different results hold when such wandering domains are present. In proving these, we obtain the unexpected result that some types of multiply connected wandering domains have complementary components with no interior, indeed uncountably many.