bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater recharge in basement aquifers in subhumid drylands of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mudimbu D. , Namaona W. , Sinda M. C. , Brauns B. , Gooddy D. C. , Darling W. G. , Banda K. , Phiri E. , Nalivata P. C. , Mtambanengwe F. , Mapfumo P. , MacDonald A. M. , Owen R. J. S. , Lapworth D. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCharacterising groundwater recharge is fundamental for sustainable groundwater management. This study focuses on assessing recharge in drylands using four experimental plots under different land-use practices in crystalline basement aquifers in three southern African countries (Chitedze in Malawi, Kabeleka and Liempe in Zambia, and Domboshawa in Zimbabwe). Several methods, including water-table fluctuation (WTF), chloride mass balance (CMB), water stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and dissolved gases, were used to quantify annual recharge rates, recharge sources and groundwater residence times. This informed the development of a conceptual model of groundwater recharge in unpumped basement aquifers. Using WTF, across all sites/years, the range of annual median recharge was found to be in the range of 2.8–14.1% rainfall. Recharge was observed for most years across all sites and was controlled by hydrogeological settings, rainfall totals and antecedent conditions, i.e. the groundwater level at the end of the preceding dry season. Based on groundwater level observations and water stable isotope analysis, for sites where there has been extensive use of conservation agriculture (in time and space), there is some evidence of earlier and greater recharge compared to conventional agriculture at paired sites. Additionally, there is evidence of high lateral connectivity in shallow, permeable layers and high local connectivity in the aquifers which facilitate discharge to surface drainage. This leads to a lower proportion of modern recharge at these unpumped sites (typically <10%) compared to other studies using comparable methods in pumped boreholes, which highlights the importance of groundwater capture due to pumping.
Graphfingerprint: graph embedding of graphs with almost constant sub-structures
Authors: Serratosa Francesc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn some machine learning applications, graphs tend to be composed of a large number of tiny almost constant sub-structures. The current embedding methods are not prepared for this type of graphs and thus, their representational power tends to be very low. Our aim is to define a new graph embedding that considers this specific type of graphs. We present GraphFingerprint, which is a new embedding method that specifically considers the fact that graphs are composed of millions of almost constant sub-structures. The three-dimensional characterisation of a chemical metal-oxide nanocompound easily fits in these types of graphs, which nodes are atoms and edges are their bonds. Our graph embedding method has been used to predict the toxicity of these nanocompounds, achieving a high accuracy compared to other embedding methods. The representational power of the current embedding methods do not properly satisfy the requirements of some machine learning applications based on graphs, for this reason, a new embedding method has been defined and heuristically demonstrated that achieves good accuracy.
‘Shelter-at-home’ restrictions did not change 90-day mortality for unplanned acute and emergency hospital contacts in Denmark: A nationwide observational case-cohort study
Authors: Mølmer Michaela , Svendsen Emilie Löbner , Bentsen Lasse Paludan , Nissen Søren Kabell , Fløjstrup Marianne , Möller Sören , Kellett John , Brabrand Mikkel , Bogh Søren Bie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
To determine the 90-day all-cause mortality risk of unplanned acute and emergency hospital contacts compared to the general population before and after the introduction of the shelter-at-home restrictions introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark.

Subject and methods
The study was a stratified population-based, case–cohort study performed on all Danish citizens with any unplanned hospital contacts. Cases were collected from March 1 to September 31 in 2019 and 2020, and 1,057,007 cases from a period without restrictions and 1,066,666 cases with restrictions. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality. Demographic and administrative data were extracted from the Danish National Patient Registry and Civil Registration System and cross-linked for individual citizens. The hazard ratio (HR) for cases was estimated for multiple age groups and adjusted for sex.

Results
The overall 90-day all-cause mortality risk related to an unplanned hospital contact was HR 9.3 (95% CI 9.1 to 9.4). No significant differences were detected in any age group between periods. Women in the age-group of 55–59 without restrictions had the highest HR [24.30 (95% CI 20.50 to 29.01)], as well in the age-group of 50–54 with restrictions with HR 23.30 (95% CI 18.53 to 29.48). Men in the age-group 50–54 in both periods had the highest HR [17.20 (95% CI 14.46 to 20.52)], and with restrictions HR 17.60 (95% CI 14.68 to 21.22).

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic, ensuing national safety measures, and changes in healthcare utilization did not affect the risk of 90-day mortality for unplanned hospital contacts compared to the general population.
Theorizing the Role of Sex Educators in the Resistance and Reification of Epistemic Injustices Related to the Sexual Expression of People with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Curtiss Sarah L. , Stoffers Melissa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
People with intellectual disability face a variety of epistemic injustices—systems of knowledge and educational inequality—related to their access to sex education and perceptions of their sexuality. Sex educators are in a position to address these injustices; however, they may not be fully aware of their own epistemic ethics. Furthermore, there is little theoretical understanding of how sex educators provide instruction within an environment that exhibits hostility toward the sexual expression of those with intellectual disability. This grounded theory study of interviews with 58 people who taught sex education to people with intellectual disability sought to understand the role of educators in perpetuating and resisting epistemic injustice by utilizing sex education to either facilitate or restrict the sexual expression of people with disabilities. We identified four micro-contexts: centralizing capacity to consent, emphasizing risk, desexualizing (through) sex education, and acknowledging gender identity. In each micro-context, we explore mechanisms of how educators were either allied in support of autonomy (person-centered values, expertise, access to curricular resources, self-advocates as teachers and partners, subversiveness, and de-problematizing normative sexual behavior) or reified sexual stigmas (fear of sexual abuse and sexual perpetration, conscripting to asexuality, the paternalistic service system, and complex ethical dilemmas) in the context of hostility to sex education and sexual expression. These findings have implications for promoting prosocial sexual expression and access to sex education for people with intellectual disability.
Multi-Informant Universal Mental Health Screening for Preschool-Aged Children by Parents and Educators: A PRISMA Systematic Review
Authors: McLean R. K. , Tully L. A. , Brinley S. K. , Carl T. , Turnell A. , Northam J. C. , Dadds M. R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChildren develop rapidly in the preschool period, making accurate appraisals of mental health (MH) difficult. The preschool years are a key period for early identification of MH concerns and could benefit from multi-informant, universal MH screening (UMHS). This systematic review aimed to identify multi-informant UMHS measures for preschool-aged children, and to examine their clinical utility, effectiveness, and acceptability. Studies reporting the predictive and incremental validity, effectiveness or acceptability of parent and educator-report UMHS measures for children aged 3–5 years were identified through CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Medline, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were excluded if screening was not the primary focus, not universal, single informant, or primarily focussed on Autism Spectrum Disorder. A total of 11 studies using 10 measures was identified. Ten studies screened for broad MH difficulties. Three educator-report and one parent- and educator-report measures had acceptable predictive validity. One study reporting incremental validity found that adding educator-report to parent ratings significantly improved the identification of MH concerns. No studies reported on effectiveness. Three studies that explored acceptability reported strong support for either UMHS in general or specific measures. There are promising results that UMHS can accurately identify child MH concerns in the preschool period using parent and educator reports. However, with few of the examined measures reaching the benchmark standards for predictive validity and only one study examining incremental validity, further research is needed to establish clinical utility. UMHS with preschool populations appears to be acceptable; future studies should further examine multi-informant screening in preschool populations. This systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; registration number: CRD 42022383426).
From awareness to action: multicultural attitudes and differentiated instruction of teachers in Chinese teacher education programmes
Authors: Feng Xiangyuan , Zhang Ni , Yang Dingchen , Lin Wenyuan , Maulana Ridwan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe increasing diversity in modern classrooms necessitates that teacher education programmes equip pre-service teachers with skills to create equitable and inclusive learning environments for all students. In response to this imperative, particularly within the Chinese educational context, this study investigated pre-service teachers' multicultural attitudes—including stages of awareness (Know), emotional engagement (Care), and behavioural intentions (Act)—and their differentiated instruction skills. Furthermore, it examined how Chinese teacher education programmes can cultivate these attributes and enhance their alignment. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed 257 pre-service teachers on their multicultural attitudes and 1356 students on their perceptions of their teachers' differentiated instruction skills, supplemented by in-depth interviews with 10 pre-service teachers. Results from descriptive, correlation, and multilevel modelling analyses revealed that pre-service teachers generally possessed positive multicultural attitudes, progressing from initial awareness to empathy and behavioural intention, and were perceived as proficient in differentiated instruction. However, the Know and Act dimensions showed limited direct relationships with student-perceived differentiated instruction practices, highlighting an 'intention-action gap'. Content analysis identified several essential components of teacher education for enhancing pre-service teachers' multicultural competence and bridging this gap, including specialized formal training, reflection activities, and practical application opportunities. These findings advocate for a shift towards more personalized, experiential, and reflective learning environments in Chinese teacher education programmes to better align multicultural attitudes with effective differentiated instruction implementation.
Effects of turbulence boundary conditions on Spalart-Allmaras RANS simulations for active flow control applications
Authors: Tousi Navid Monshi , Bergadà Josep M. , Mellibovsky Fernando 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe assess the suitability of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulation using the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model as a closure in analysing the performance of fluidic Active Flow Control (AFC) applications. In particular, we focus on the optimal set of actuation parameters found by Tousi et al. (Appl Math Model, 2021) and Tousi et al. (Aerospace Sci Technol 127:107679, 2022) for a SD7003 airfoil at a Reynolds number $$Re=6\times 10^4$$

R
e
=
6
×

10
4

and post-stall angle of attack $$\alpha =14^\circ$$

α
=

14
∘

fitted with a Synthetic Jet Actuator (SJA). The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) presented in that work is taken as the reference to identify the best choice of boundary conditions for the turbulence field $$\tilde{\nu }$$

ν
~

at both domain inlet and jet orifice in two-dimensional SA-RANS computations. Although SA-RANS is far less accurate than LES, our findings show that it can still predict macroscopic aggregates such as lift and drag coefficients quite satisfactorily and at a much lower computational cost, provided that turbulence levels of the actuator jet are set to a realistic value. An adequate value of $$\tilde{\nu }$$

ν
~

is instrumental in capturing the correct flow behaviour of the reattached boundary layers for close-to-optimal actuated cases. This validates the use of RANS-SA as a reliable and cost-effective simulation method for the preliminary optimisation of SJA parameters in AFC applications, provided that thorough sensitivity analysis on turbulence-related boundary conditions is performed. Given the strong sensitivity of flow detachment on the laminar or turbulent nature of boundary layers, our results suggest that such analyses are particularly indispensable for vastly separated flow scenarios in general, notably for bluff bodies at moderate transcritical Reynolds numbers.
The natural stability of autonomous morphology: how an attraction–repulsion dynamic emerges from paradigm cell filling
Authors: Round Erich , Esher Louise , Beniamine Sacha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAutonomous morphology, such as inflection class systems and paradigmatic distribution patterns, is widespread and diachronically resilient in natural language. Why this should be so has remained unclear given that autonomous morphology imposes learning costs, offers no clear benefit relative to its absence and could easily be removed by the analogical forces which are constantly reshaping it. Here we propose an explanation for the resilience of autonomous morphology, in terms of a diachronic dynamic of attraction and repulsion between morphomic categories, which emerges spontaneously from a simple paradigm cell filling process. Employing computational evolutionary models, our key innovation is to bring to light the role of ‘dissociative evidence’, i.e., evidence for inflectional distinctiveness which a rational reasoner will have access to during analogical inference. Dissociative evidence creates a repulsion dynamic which prevents morphomic classes from collapsing together entirely, i.e., undergoing complete levelling. As we probe alternative models, we reveal the limits of conditional entropy as a measure for predictability in systems that are undergoing change. Finally, we demonstrate that autonomous morphology, far from being ‘unnatural’, is rather the natural (emergent) consequence of a natural (rational) process of inference applied to inflectional systems.
How short-term temperature stresses affect leaf micromorphology and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in winter rye Secale cereale L.
Authors: Babenko Lydia M. , Futorna Oksana A. , Akimov Yuriy A. , Romanenko Kateryna O. , Kosakivska Iryna V. , Skwarek Ewa , Wiśniewska Małgorzata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe effect of short-term high (+ 40 °C, 2 h) (HT) and positive low-temperature (+ 4 C, 2 h) (LT) stresses on leaf micromorphology and ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in winter rye was investigated. After HT, leaf blade relief became reticulate, while under control conditions and after low-temperature stress, leaf blade relief was folded. The ultrastructure of the leaf mesophyll cells of control plants was nominal: in the chloroplasts of regular lenticular shape, a well-developed thylakoid system immersed in a fine-grained stroma was clearly visible. Short-term HT caused the destruction of thylakoid membranes. A wave-like packing of granal thylakoids, a significant expansion of the lumenal spaces, and a disruption of the structural connection between the granal and stroma thylakoids were noted. There was an accumulation of lipid drops in the cytoplasm. LT stress caused intensive formation of plastoglobules, a decrease in the number and size of starch grains in the chloroplasts. Destruction of thylakoid membranes was not seen. After HT stress, the mitochondria noticeably "swelled", and the membranes of the cristae became less contrasting. After LT stress, significant changes occurred in the morphology of organelles: some of the mitochondria kept a round shape, but some acquired a lenticular or "dumbbell" shape. It was found that, depending on the type of temperature exposure, various adaptive programs are implemented in plant cells, which are accompanied by a complex of ultrastructural changes, thanks to which plants are able to successfully tolerate short-term exposure to stressful temperatures during active vegetation.
The Extent of Tumor in the Peritoneum and Liver Influences Outcomes After Surgery for Synchronous Liver and Peritoneal Colorectal Metastases: A Cohort Study
Authors: Salas Pearl Sanchez , Urdzik Jozef , Graf Wilhelm , Isaksson Bengt , Birgisson Helgi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRSH) or liver resection have led to increased survival in patients with peritoneal or liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Selected patients undergo concomitant CRSH and liver resection. Differences in survival and morbidity between patients who underwent concomitant surgery, CRSH or liver resection for peritoneal and/or liver metastases were compared.

Methods
Patients who underwent liver resection and/or CRSH for colorectal liver and/or peritoneal metastases, 2006–2016, were included. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between baseline characteristics and survival.

Results
Overall, 634 patients were studied. Twenty-eight patients had peritoneal and liver metastases, 121 patients had peritoneal metastases only, and 485 patients had isolated liver metastases. Median survival after concomitant treatment was 23.8 months (95% CI 12.8–43.8), after CRSH 34.5 months (95% CI 27.1–41.9), and after liver resection 54.2 months (95% CI 47.4–61.0) (p < 0.001). Increased hepatic tumor burden (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8–5.8) and high-volume peritoneal disease (HR 6.0, 95% CI 3.7–9.8) were associated with decreased survival in multivariate analysis. Postoperative complications according to a Clavien–Dindo score > 3a were observed in 11% in the liver resection group, 15% in the CRSH group, and 11% in the concomitant treatment group (p = 0.945).

Conclusions
Patients treated with concomitant surgery for liver and peritoneal metastases experienced a shorter median overall survival than patients treated for metastases at an isolated site but had a similar rate of severe postoperative complications. The extent of peritoneal spread seemed to impact survival more than the tumor burden in the liver.
Assessing and exploring self-enacted behavior change techniques: frequency, structure, and relevance for physical activity and healthy eating
Authors: Schüler Julia , Bieleke Maik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf-enactable behavior change techniques (Knittle et al., 2020), are active components of interventions that individuals can also employ on their own. The study explored the frequency of self-enactable behavior change techniques (SE-BCTs) usage, their psychometric structure, and their association with physical activity and healthy nutrition. To evaluate SE-BCTs, Abraham & Michie’s (2008) 26-BCT taxonomy was translated into a SE-BCT questionnaire and administered to 504 participants via a web survey. Participants reported self-enacted goals in physical activity (PA) and healthy nutrition (NUT), along with their importance, difficulty, and progress. Physical activity and healthy eating questionnaires served as indicators of successful behavior change. Using Bayesian statistics, we found variations in the usage intensity of SE-BCTs. Similarities and differences emerged between PA and NUT domains. For example, “time management” was commonly used in both, while “information seeking” was more prevalent in NUT. For some SE-BCTs, weak evidence emerged for gender differences and age effects. SE-BCTs formed clusters similar to BCTs, supported by Bayesian psychometric network analyses. Tests for potential preconditions and consequences of SE-BCTs revealed moderate-to-strong support for positive relations with goal importance, and strong support for positive relationships of SE-BCTs with behavior change. Moreover, PA was best predicted by a combination of the SE-BCTs “time management” plus “detailed plans,” whereas for NUT, a complex pattern of six SE-BCTs was the best-fitting predictive model. We discuss the potential of SE-BCTs for promoting physical activity and healthy eating add what is still needed to make them work efficiently.
Evaluation of dose distributions and respiratory motion tolerance for layer-stacking conformal carbon-ion radiotherapy
Authors: Hasebe Yuki , Tashiro Mutsumi , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile layer-stacking irradiation provides a conformal dose distribution, it is vulnerable to respiratory motion. Considering that the motion tolerance has not yet been demonstrated, this study aimed to determine the tolerance level for the amount of target motion. Dose distributions considering motion were simulated for a numerical water phantom using in-house software. Comparisons with measured and simulated physical dose distributions confirmed the validity of the simulation, with gamma analysis showing almost 90% or greater agreement under all conditions with a criterion of 3%/3 mm. The variation in physical dose from static conditions followed a similar trend. Based on the evaluation of the simulated clinical dose uniformity, motion tolerance was derived. The acceptable motion amounts in the lateral direction were 11 mm in respiratory-ungated condition and at least 20 mm with 30% lateral gating at 4 Gy (RBE). In the longitudinal (beam upstream) direction, the acceptable target motion amounts were 3 mm without gating and 6 mm with gating. These results employed worst-case scenarios considering multiple respiratory cycles. In both lateral and longitudinal directions, the motion amounts of 3 mm for non-gating and 5 mm for gating were acceptable. The acceptable target motion amounts improved by 1–9 mm with gating and increased prescribed doses. The dose uniformity and motion tolerance under multiple conditions, although based on a simple system, may be useful for treatment involving target motion in layer-stacking irradiation.