bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors controlling the community structure of picoplankton in contrasting marine environments
Authors: Otero-Ferrer Jose Luis , Cermeño Pedro , Bode Antonio , Fernández-Castro Bieito , Gasol Josep M. , Morán Xosé Anxelu G. , Marañon Emilio , Moreira-Coello Victor , Varela Marta M. , Villamaña Marina , Mouriño-Carballido Beatriz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The
effect of inorganic nutrients on planktonic assemblages has traditionally
relied on concentrations rather than estimates of nutrient supply. We
combined a novel dataset of hydrographic properties, turbulent mixing,
nutrient concentration, and picoplankton community composition with the aims
of (i) quantifying the role of temperature, light, and nitrate fluxes as
factors controlling the distribution of autotrophic and heterotrophic
picoplankton subgroups, as determined by flow cytometry, and (ii) describing
the ecological niches of the various components of the picoplankton
community. Data were collected at 97 stations in the Atlantic Ocean,
including tropical and subtropical open-ocean waters, the northwestern
Mediterranean Sea, and the Galician coastal upwelling system of the northwest
Iberian Peninsula. A generalized additive model (GAM) approach was used to
predict depth-integrated biomass of each picoplankton subgroup based on three
niche predictors: sea surface temperature, averaged daily surface irradiance,
and the transport of nitrate into the euphotic zone, through both diffusion
and advection. In addition, niche overlap among different picoplankton
subgroups was computed using nonparametric kernel density functions.
Temperature and nitrate supply were more relevant than light in predicting
the biomass of most picoplankton subgroups, except for
Prochlorococcus and low-nucleic-acid (LNA) prokaryotes, for which irradiance also played a
significant role. Nitrate supply was the only factor that allowed the
distinction among the ecological niches of all autotrophic and heterotrophic
picoplankton subgroups. Prochlorococcus and LNA prokaryotes were
more abundant in warmer waters (>20 ∘C) where the nitrate fluxes
were low, whereas Synechococcus and high-nucleic-acid (HNA)
prokaryotes prevailed mainly in cooler environments characterized by
intermediate or high levels of nitrate supply. Finally, the niche of
picoeukaryotes was defined by low temperatures and high nitrate supply. These
results support the key role of nitrate supply, as it not only promotes the
growth of large phytoplankton, but it also controls the structure of marine
picoplankton communities.
La pluralité culturelle dans le nouveau constitutionalisme en Amérique Latine
Authors: Campos Deo 
Published: October 2018

Résumé:
L'histoire constitutionnelle de l'Amérique latine est marquée par divers mouvements idéologiques. Ces mouvements ont laissé des traces indélébiles sur les textes constitutionnels des pays de la région. Au même temps, dans une large mesure, le constitutionnalisme d'Amérique latine se caractérise par une histoire conservatrice en matière de diversité culturelle, indéniable caractéristique de la région. Cependent, au cours des dernières décennies, il y a eu l'émergence d'un nouveau concept du constitutionnalisme. Ce concept est engagé à la grande diversité ethnique et culturelle de la région. Ce travail vise à raconter le phénomène de la nouvelle constitutionnalisme d'Amérique latine et son conséquent engagement à la diversité culturelle.
Mots-clés: Amérique Latine. Droit constitutionnel. Histoire constitutionnelle. Nouveau constitutionnalisme latino-américain. Pluralité culturelle. Théorie de la constitution.
Lerend evalueren: navigeren tussen verantwoorden en leren
Authors: Folkert Rob , Verwoerd Lisa , Verwest Femke 
Published: October 2018

Lerend evalueren: navigeren tussen verantwoorden en leren
Een lerende evaluatie combineert leren en verantwoorden. Deze methode past bij complexe beleidsopgaven, waar meerdere actoren en overheden bij betrokken zijn die een behoefte hebben om te leren van elkaars ervaringen. In de evaluatie van het Natuurpact is deze methode op nationale schaal voor het gedecentraliseerde natuurbeleid toegepast. Uit deze casus blijkt dat een succesvolle toepassing vraagt om een voortdurende en zorgvuldige aansluiting van het onderzoek op de beleidspraktijk. Dit is nodig voor het betrekken van en interactie met stakeholders, het combineren van leren en verantwoorden, de wetenschappelijke onafhankelijkheid, het bestuurlijk mandaat en de beheersbaarheid van het onderzoek.
De aard en aanpak van georganiseerde cybercrime
Authors: Odinot Geralda , de Poot Christianne , Verhoeven Maite 
Published: October 2018

The effect of the internet on the structure of organized cybercrime. Findings from an international empirical study
Worldwide, the digitalization of society is proceeding rapidly and this brings new forms of crime. The threats arising from different types of cybercrime are real and constantly evolving, as the internet with its anonymity and borderless reach, provides new opportunities for criminal activities. This article describes some results from an international empirical study aimed to gather more insight on the link between cybercrime and organized crime as well as on the question whether cybercrime is organized. It shows how cybercriminals cooperate with each other and what this organization structure looks like.
Criminele geldstromen en ICT: over innovatieve werkwijzen, oude zekerheden en nieuwe flessenhalzen
Authors: Kruisbergen Edwin , Leukfeldt Rutger , Kleemans Edward , Roks Robby 
Published: October 2018

Criminal money flows and IT. On innovative modi operandi, old certainties, and new bottlenecks
In this article we analyze how organized crime offenders use IT to handle their money flows. How and to what extent do offenders use IT-facilitated possibilities, such as bitcoin, to launder their money? The empirical data consist of thirty large-scale police investigations. These thirty cases are part of the Organized Crime Monitor, an ongoing research project into the nature of organized crime in the Netherlands. One of the most striking findings is the fact that cash is still king – even for online drug dealers who get paid in digital currencies.
Uit de schaduw
Authors: Verburgh Thijmen , Smits Eefje , van Wegberg Rolf 
Published: October 2018

Out of the shadow. Opportunities for researchers in studying dark markets
In this article the authors present the lessons learned from previous research efforts into dark markets. First the important features of dark markets are discussed, i.e. anonymity and trust, as well as the question how data on dark markets can be collected. Next, the authors illustrate how this data can be used to study the phenomenon of dark markets itself as well as the impact of police interventions on dark markets.
Facebookvrienden worden met de verdachte
Authors: Oerlemans Jan-Jaap 
Published: October 2018

Befriending a criminal suspect on Facebook. Undercover powers on the Internet
This article investigates which online undercover investigative methods are applied in practice and how they fit in the Dutch legal framework. In particular, the three special investigative powers of a pseudo purchase, systematic information gathering and infiltration are examined. Investigative powers cannot be applied unilaterally (across state borders). When law enforcement officials cannot reasonably determine the location of the suspect, the online unilateral application of undercover investigative powers is allowed. However, there is still a risk that diplomatic tensions arise with the involved state. States should agree in treaties under which circumstances cross-border online undercover operations are allowed.
Nieuwe online opsporingsbevoegdheden en het recht op privacy
Authors: Custers Bart 
Published: October 2018

New investigative powers and the right to privacy. An analysis of the Dutch Cybercrime III Act
In 2018 the Dutch parliament accepted new cybercrime legislation (the Cybercrime III Act) that creates several new online criminal offences and gives law enforcement agencies new investigative powers on the Internet. This article describes the background of Dutch cybercrime legislation and the contents of the Cybercrime III Act. The newly introduced cybercrimes are discussed as well as the new investigative competences. Particularly the legitimacy and the necessity of the investigative power of the police to hack computer systems of suspects may significantly interfere with the right to privacy.
La Patagonie sans barrages
Authors: Sandoval Hernán , Gac Pierre-Raphaël , Belmar Javiera 
Published: October 2018

Depuis la fondation de Patagonia sin Represas (Patagonie sans barrages) en 2007,
association créée par Hernán Sandoval, Président de l’ONG Chile Ambiente, ancien Ambassadeur
en France et actuel Doyen de l’Universidad de las Américas à Santiago, afin de s'opposer à
la dévastation de la Patagonie par les multinationales de l'électricité, une véritable
conscience écologiste s'est développée au Chili. Grâce aussi à l'appui international -dont
celui de Sens Public- les Chiliens ont réussi à arrêter le projet HydroAysén qui prévoyait
la construction d'immenses barrages destinés à piller l'un des réservoirs d'eau douce le
plus important de la planète. Le nouveau gouvernement de Michelle Bachelet, récemment élue
en battant pour la deuxième fois les néo-pinochétistes de l'ex-président Piñera, affirme que
le projet HydroAysén n'est pas viable en l'état. La lutte des écologistes continue car,
comme Hernán Sandoval le souligne dans notre entretien, « le capital est prêt à patienter
pendant des années pour arriver à ses fins... ».
La Patagonia sin represas
Authors: Sandoval Hernán , Gac Pierre-Raphaël , Belmar Javiera 
Published: October 2018

Tras la fundación de Patagonia sin Represas en 2007, asociación creada por Hernán
Sandoval (ex embajador en Francia, Presidente de la ONG Chile Ambiente y decano de la
Universidad de las Américas) para oponerse a la devastación de la Patagonia chilena por las
multinacionales de la electricidad, una verdadera conciencia ecológica se ha desarrollado en
Chile. Gracias también al apoyo internacional, en el cual ha participado Sens Public, los
chilenos han conseguido detener el proyecto HydroAysén, que implicaba la construcción de
inmensas represas destinadas a rapiñar una de las reservas de agua dulce más importantes del
planeta. El nuevo gobierno de Michelle Bachelet, quien acaba de derrotar por segunda vez a
los neo-pinochetistas del ahora ex-presidente Piñera, afirma que el proyecto no es
realizable en su estado actual ni viable políticamente. Sin embargo la lucha de los
ecologistas continúa pues, como Hernán Sandoval previene, « el capital está preparado para
esperar durante años para imponerse… ».
Nephrology/hypertension/fluid and electrolyte disorders
Authors: Slick Gary L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The following annotated bibliography has been developed for the purpose of providing to primary care physicians a handy source of review articles and major studies in the the field of nephrology, hypertension, and fluid and electrolyte disorders. Almost all of the articles are review articles of clinical topics that would be of interest to the practicing physician. JAOA will be publishing additional annotated bibliographies in various fields of internal medicine over the next several months. The second in this series will appear in a forthcoming issue of THE JOURNAL.
Research secures the future of osteopathic medicine: Part 2: Readdressing the function and structure of colleges of osteopathic medicine
Authors: Papa Frank J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many problems exist within the contemporary medical education process in general and the osteopathic medical profession in particular. Part 2 of this series suggests that the single greatest impediment to solving these problems is an institutional infrastructure that is not congruent with the institution's functions, as defined in its mission statement. (This mission statement generally entails two primary goals: education and research.) Two major divisions within the core's infrastructure are suggested: medical education and medical research. By restructuring their infrastructure, colleges of osteopathic medicine can more effectively address and support their primary functions of education and research.
Acute mastocytosis: A potential dermatologic emergency
Authors: Kamajian George , Felix Jose 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A comatose patient arrived at the emergency room with apnea and in shock after a grand mal seizure. A maculopapular rash, not initially observed, led to a diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis. Degranulation of the mast cells with massive histamine release had resulted in cardiovascular collapse. The authors follow a detailed report of this case history with a discussion of the diagnosis and treatment of the acute systemic stage of this potentially life-threatening illness.
Effect of thermal oxidation temperatures on the phase evolution and photocatalytic property of tungsten-doped TiO2 thin film
Authors: Yeh Ming-Yuan , Lee Ping-Yuan , Shang Jie-Ting , Lee Ying-Chieh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Tungsten-doped titanium dioxide (W-TiO2) thin films were successfully prepared on glass substrates by sputtering thermally oxidized W-doped titanium films in air. Tungsten-doped titanium films were deposited using a DC and RF magnetron cosputtering system. The effects of annealing treatment and W content on the W-TiO2 film microstructure were investigated. The crystalline structures, morphological features, and photocatalytic activity of the annealed W-TiO2 films were systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results indicated that annealing at 550 °C clearly induced the formation of an anatase and rutile phase mixture in the 5.5 at. % W-TiO2 films, which directly affected photocatalytic activity. The W-TiO2 films showed good photocatalytic activity under UV-light irradiation, with a higher rate of methylene blue dye degradation than in the case of undoped TiO2.
Mechanical Characterization of hiPSC‐Derived Cardiac Tissues for Quality Control
Authors: Park Seungman , Lui Cecillia , Jung Wei‐Hung , Maity Debonil , Ong Chin Siang , Bush Joshua , Maruthamuthu Venkat , Hibino Narutoshi , Chen Yun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeart disease is one of the leading death causes in developed countries. To facilitate heart rehabilitation, engineered cardiac implantation has emerged as a promising alternative to organ transplantation. Currently there is no quantitative standard to ensure the safety and functionality of the engineered cardiac tissues intended for clinical uses. In anticipation of the clinical application of the engineered cardiac tissues to heart disease patients, a suite of methods is assembled to evaluate the mechanical characteristics critical to cardiac functions, including contractility, viscoelasticity, and dynamic stress distribution. As a proof of concept, 3D bioprinted cardiac tissues derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells are tested. First, the engineered cardiac tissues labeled with particles are recorded and tracked to determine spatially and temporally variable contraction forces. Viscoelastic properties are measured using magnetic tweezers. The results are used to compute 3D force and stress distribution over the engineered tissue by finite element method. In summary, a framework is developed to assess clinical‐grade engineered cardiac tissues and determine the appropriate value ranges suitable for implantation. The results relating contractility, intrinsic mechanical properties, and stress distribution in the engineered tissue, can also inform better design for future fabrication of engineered tissues.
Low Resistance–Integrated All‐Solid‐State Battery Achieved by Li7La3Zr2O12 Nanowire Upgrading Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Composite Electrolyte and PEO Cathode Binder
Authors: Wan Zipei , Lei Danni , Yang Wei , Liu Cheng , Shi Kai , Hao Xiaoge , Shen Lu , Lv Wei , Li Baohua , Yang Quan‐Hong , Kang Feiyu , He Yan‐Bing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAll‐solid‐state lithium metal battery is the most promising next‐generation energy storage device. However, the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes and high interfacial impedance with electrode are the main factors to limit the development of all‐solid‐state batteries. In this work, a low resistance–integrated all‐solid‐state battery is designed with excellent electrochemical performance that applies the polyethylene oxide (PEO) with lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulphonyl)imide as both binder of cathode and matrix of composite electrolyte embedded with Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) nanowires (PLLN). The PEO in cathode and PLLN are fused at high temperature to form an integrated all‐solid‐state battery structure, which effectively strengthens the interface compatibility and stability between cathode and PLLN to guarantee high efficient ion transportation during long cycling. The LLZO nanowires uniformly distributed in PLLN can increase the ionic conductivity and mechanical strength of composite electrolyte efficiently, which induces the uniform deposition of lithium metal, thereby suppressing the lithium dendrite growth. The Li symmetric cells using PLLN can stably cycle for 1000 h without short circuit at 60 °C. The integrated LiFePO4/PLLN/Li batteries show excellent cycling stability at both 60 and 45 °C. The study proposed a novel and robust battery structure with outstanding electrochemical properties.
Isolation of Silk Mesostructures for Electronic and Environmental Applications
Authors: Zheng Ke , Zhong Jiajia , Qi Zeming , Ling Shengjie , Kaplan David L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA ubiquitous feature of natural silk fibers is the presence of well‐organized mesostructures, including microfibrils, nanofibrils, and nanoparticles. These mesoscale building blocks are typically well organized into sophisticated arrangements and contribute robust mechanical performance and functions as part of natural silk fibers. However, it remains a major challenge to directly isolate these mesostructures for engineering applications. Here, an environmentally friendly and scalable “partial dissolution and physical dispersion” strategy is developed to exfoliate silk fibers into different mesostructures, including microfibrils, nanofibrils, nanorods, and nanoparticles. On the basis of the advantages of these mesosilks in tunable sizes, sharp size distributions, high modulus, excellent redispersibility, as well as versatile processability, the applications of these mesosilks in electronic and environmental fields are further explored, including water treatment, recycling organic solvent, paper sensors, and nanofertilizers. These explorations open a new avenue for silk fiber applications while also providing a pathway to help address critical issues in electronic and environmental fields.
PEGylation Regulates Self‐Assembled Small‐Molecule Dye–Based Probes from Single Molecule to Nanoparticle Size for Multifunctional NIR‐II Bioimaging
Authors: Ding Feng , Li Chonglu , Xu Yuling , Li Jiaxin , Li Haibing , Yang Guangfu , Sun Yao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo date, small‐molecule dye–based probes have been at the forefront of research in biomedical imaging, especially in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window (1.0–1.7 µm). However, how to precisely regulate the synthesized size of NIR‐II organic dye–based probes remains challenging. Moreover, systematic studies on whether the size of NIR‐II probes affects optical/pharmacokinetic properties are still rare. Here, an ingenious PEGylation strategy is developed to regulate the self‐assembly size of organic dye–based (CH1055 scaffold) NIR‐II probes (SCH1–SCH4) from nanoparticles to the single molecule, and the relationship between their size and chemical/physical properties is thoroughly investigated. Based on their own merits, nanoprobe SCH1 (≈170 nm), with outstanding fluorescent brightness (quantum yield ≈0.14%), performs accurate tracing of the lymphatic system as well as identification of vessel networks in mice brains with excellent signal‐to‐background ratio images. Meanwhile, rapidly excreted SCH4, showing fast and high passive liver tumor uptake and promising tumor/normal tissue ratios (>7), is capable of facilitating precise image‐guided tumor surgery, and also demonstrates the first example of the assessment of liver fibrosis in the NIR‐II window.
Spray‐On Reduced Graphene Oxide‐Poly(vinyl alcohol) Supercapacitors for Flexible Energy and Power
Authors: De Souvik , Purcell Caroline , Murley Joshua , Flouda Paraskevi , Shah Smit , Green Micah , Lutkenhaus Jodie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlexible and mechanically robust energy storage devices, such as capacitors, are future enablers of the next generation of structural energy and power, flexible electronics, and biometrics. These concepts require that the capacitor be seamlessly integrated into the device in a scalable process, while still maintaining mechanical and electrochemical properties. The challenge is that ease‐of‐processing, mechanical, and electrochemical properties are not mutually exclusive. Spraying allows for fast manufacture, but producing an ink amenable to spraying is challenging because of aggregation of the electroactive materials in the dispersion, resulting in poor performance. Here, sprayable, flexible supercapacitor electrodes are demonstrated containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and carbon black achieved via high‐throughput air‐brushing process from aqueous media. The spray processing, mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance of various compositions of rGO, PVA, and carbon black are explored. rGO sheets provide capacitive energy storage, PVA facilitates air‐brushing, and carbon black bridges rGO sheets to form electronic pathways. Due to the good combination of mechanical and electrochemical properties, a flexible supercapacitor shows steady capacitance retention after several bending cycles. This spray‐on three‐component composite electrode balances electrochemical and mechanical properties, which is otherwise difficult to realize for compact brick and mortar structures, especially from airbrushing.
Highly Conductive Polydimethylsiloxane/Carbon Nanofiber Composites for Flexible Sensor Applications
Authors: Chowdhury Shoieb A. , Saha Mrinal C. , Patterson Steven , Robison Thomas , Liu Yingtao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/carbon nanofiber (CNF) nanocomposite with piezoresistive sensing function is presented. Excellent electrical conductivity is achieved by dispersing the CNFs into PDMS. A facile, low cost, and scalable fabrication procedure allows the sensors to be made in different shapes. The piezoresistive sensors show repeatable response up to 30% tensile strain. In addition, the characterization of sensing mechanism using an in situ mechanical testing system within a scanning electron microscope reveals the reorganization of CNF network by varying fiber alignment and interfiber distance in the nanocomposites under tensile load. To validate the wearable sensing capability, nanocomposite straps are employed to monitor the finger motions under various bending speed and holding time. Two different shapes of compressive sensors, including cylinder and truncated cone, are tested in compression strain as low as 3%, with gauge factors of 18.3 and 6.3, respectively. In addition, the sensing capability is independent of the applied strain rates and is highly repeatable in 1000 cycles under compression. Finally, the developed nanocomposites are made into sensor arrays for pressure sensing ranging from 35 to 690 kPa. The versatility and ease of fabrication of the reported nanocomposites can bridge the current challenge between performance and applicability of flexible sensors.