bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck: human papillomavirus tumour status/p16 status and impact on overall survival
Authors: Benzerdjeb Nazim , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Philouze Pierre , Bishop Justin , Devouassoux‐Shisheboran Mojgan 
Published: August 2019

AimsPoorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC) of the head and neck is a rare high‐grade neuroendocrine neoplasm. Human papillomavirus (HPV) status and p16 status are as yet unclear among PDNECs, owing to a lack of statistical analysis. The objective of the present study was therefore to evaluate their potential clinicopathological associations, and their prognostic impact on overall survival in PDNECs of the head and neck, regardless to HPV genotype.Methods and resultsAll cases of PDNEC of the head and neck between 1998 and 2019 were identified from the database of the Lyon university hospital pathology department (n = 21); for these cases, p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV in‐situ hybridisation were performed. Published cases of PDNEC of the head and neck with assessment of HPV status and p16 status were identified in PubMed (n = 57). Local and published cases were pooled for analysis. HPV positive (HPV+) tumour status was found to be significantly associated with oropharyngeal localisation (P < 0.001) and overexpression of p16 (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis, adjusted on tumour site, histological subtype, p16 status, HPV status, and source of the case, showed that oropharyngeal localisation [hazard ratio (HR) 3.031, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.257–7.310] and being a small‐cell variant (HR 2.859, 95% CI 1.150–7.109) were significant predictors of worse overall survival; HPV+ tumour status was associated with better overall survival (HR 0.388, 95% CI 0.146–0.995).ConclusionsHPV+ tumour status was associated with oropharyngeal PDNECs and with a better prognosis.
Sema3E is required for migration of cranial neural crest cells in zebrafish: Implications for the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Zhi , Guo Jingjing , Lu Yanli , Liu Wenfeng , Fu Xiaofeng , Yao Tianbing , Zhou Yanjun , Xu Hong A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCHARGE syndrome is a congenital disorder with multiple malformations in the craniofacial structures, and cardiovascular and genital systems, which are mainly affected by neural crest defects caused by loss‐of‐function mutations within chromodomain helicase DNA‐binding protein 7 (CHD7). However, many patients with CHARGE syndrome test negative for CHD7. Semaphorin 3E (sema3E) is a gene reported to be mutated in patients with CHARGE syndrome. However, its role in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome has not been verified experimentally. Here, we report that the knockdown of sema3E results in severe craniofacial malformations, including small eyes, defective cartilage and an abnormal number of otoliths in zebrafish embryos, which resemble the major features of CHARGE syndrome. Further analysis reveals that the migratory cranial neural crest cells are scattered in the region of the hindbrain, and the postmigratory neural crest cells are reduced in the pharyngeal arches upon sema3E knockdown. Notably, immunostaining and time‐lapse imaging analyses of a neural crest cell‐labelled transgenic fish line, sox10:EGFP, show that the migration of cranial neural crest cells is severely impaired, and many of these cells are misrouted upon sema3E knockdown. Furthermore, the sox10‐expressing cranial neural crest cells are scattered in chd7 homozygous mutants, which phenocopied the phenotype in sema3E morphants. Overexpression of sema3E rescues the phenotype of scattered cranial neural crest cells in chd7 homozygotes, indicating that chd7 may control the expression of sema3E to regulate cranial neural crest cell migration. Collectively, our data demonstrate that sema3E is involved in the pathogenesis of CHARGE syndrome by modulating cranial neural crest cell migration.
Developmental enamel defects are associated with early childhood caries: Case‐control study
Authors: Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia , Paixão‐Gonçalves Suzane , Ramos‐Jorge Maria Letícia , Paiva Saul Martins , Pordeus Isabela Almeida 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on the association between developmental enamel defects (DED) and early childhood caries (ECC) has importance for the drafting of prevention measures and oral healthcare planning.AimTo compare the frequency of ECC in children with and without DED and verify their association with sociodemographic factors.DesignThis case‐control study was carried out with Brazilian children aged one to five years. The case group made up of 98 children with ECC and the control group was made up of 98 children without ECC. DED were classified in diffuse opacity, demarcated opacity and enamel hypoplasia (Developmental Defects of Enamel Index). Sociodemographic data were collected by a questionnaire answered by parents. Statistical analysis used McNemar's test and logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn the bivariate analysis, ECC was more frequent among children from families with poorer socioeconomic conditions (lower monthly household income [P ≤ .001] and lower maternal schooling [P = .001]) and among those with DED (P ≤ .001). The final logistical model showed that children with DED (OR: 1.94) and a monthly household income less than two Brazilian minimum salaries (OR: 2.24) were more likely to have ECC.ConclusionsThe occurrence of DED and lower household income were pre‐disposing factors for the occurrence of ECC.
Production and optical properties of Ce3+‐activated and Lu3+‐stabilized transparent gadolinium aluminate garnet ceramics
Authors: Sun Zhigang , Chen Ziyun , Wang Mengyao , Lu Bin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe first report the novel Ce3+‐activated and Lu3+‐stabilized gadolinium aluminate garnet (GAG) transparent ceramics derived from their precipitation precursors via a facile co‐precipitation strategy using ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC) as the precipitant. The resulting precursors in liquid phase were substantially homogeneous solid solutions and could directly convert into sinterable garnet powders via pyrolysis. Substituting 35 at.% of Lu3+ for Gd3+ was effective to stabilize the cubic GAG garnet structure and transparent (Gd,Lu)3Al5O12:Ce ceramics were successfully fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1715°C. The ceramic transparency was improved by optimizing the particle processing conditions and the best sample had an in‐line transmittance of ~70% at 580 nm (Ce3+ emission center) and over 80% in partial infrared region with a fine average grain size of ~4.5 μm. Transparent (Gd,Lu)3Al5O12:Ce ceramics have a short critical wavelength (<200 nm) and a maximal infrared cut‐off at ~6.6 μm. Both the (Gd,Lu)3Al5O12:Ce phosphor powder and the transparent ceramic exhibited characteristic yellow emission of Ce3+ with strong broad emission bands from 490 to 750 nm upon UV excitation into two groups of broad bands around 340 and 470 nm. The photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation intensities as well as the quantum yield were greatly enhanced via high‐temperature densification. Both the phosphor powder and ceramic bulk had short effective fluorescence lifetimes.
Microstructural evolution and texture analysis of magnesium phosphate cement
Authors: Viani Alberto , Lanzafame Gabriele , Chateigner Daniel , El Mendili Yassine , Sotiriadis Konstantinos , Mancini Lucia , Zucali Michele , Ouladdiaf Bachir 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional quantitative image analysis from synchrotron X‐ray microcomputed tomography indicated a coarsening of the microstructure of magnesium potassium phosphate cements driven by crystallization of K‐struvite from the first amorphous product. Porosity and pore surface area increased because of the progressive build‐up of a network of elongated/tabular crystal domains, with density higher than the amorphous. The known increase in strength with time is thought to occur thanks to the overwhelming contribution of a developing interlocked lath‐shaped microstructure. Combined X‐ray and neutron diffraction texture analysis indicated that at least a fraction of K‐struvite nucleates at the surface of MgO grains, suggesting the intervention of more than one crystallization mechanism. The detected weak texture, compatible with a nearly random orientation of crystallites, and the isotropic pore fabric, are beneficial with respect to crack propagation.
Art Technology Integration: Digital Storytellying as a Transformative Pedagogy in Primary Education
Authors: Pavlou Victoria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe emergence of new media provides new tools for promoting critical thinking and creativity in an environment that encourages collaboration, co‐authoring and sharing ideas and artworks with audiences. Embedding new media in art lessons and integrating art with other disciplines not only promotes visual competence but also transversal competences necessary for the future lives of children. Despite the many benefits that this process entails, there is still no broad integration of new media in art lessons or art integration through technology in primary schools, as teachers are often oblivious of the new possibilities and means of engaging children. However, there is a need to embrace today’s dominant culture of communication if we really want to prepare children for the future. This article is about art technology integration in the primary classroom. It discusses ways of studying important real‐life issues with children and of bridging the gap between school life and daily life. It reports on two case studies with sixth grade classes (11–12 years old) that engaged in a stop motion animation project to communicate messages that were important to the children. Children shared powerful stories, anchored in real‐life contexts and developed critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity skills. The findings contribute to the discussions about arts integration that are grounded in empirical qualitative data. The implications of the study move beyond the art subject itself and highlight how generalist teachers can embrace interdisciplinarity and art integration, and view art as transformative pedagogy in the curriculum.
Examining the questionnaire on attitudes consistent with sexual offending
Authors: Gray Emma 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent with Sexual Offending (QACSO) is an assessment developed by Lindsay, Whitefield, Carson, Broxholme and Steptoe (2004). The QACSO was designed to assess cognitive distortions relating to sexual offending in males with intellectual disabilities (ID). Cognitive distortions form part of the offence chain in sexual offending and as such require effective assessment and treatment.MethodThe QACSO manual and studies utilizing the QACSO were examined.ResultsAn overview of characteristics of the QACSO is outlined. The strengths and limitations of the measure are discussed, including validity and reliability of the measure and normative samples.ConclusionsThe QACSO is a valuable tool in assessing cognitive distortions in intellectual disability sexual offenders. Whilst there are some concerns about validity and reliability which it would be beneficial to address, overall the measure has utility in forensic practice and research, and is unique for being developed specifically for intellectual disability offenders.
Prevalence and predictors of chronic kidney disease among Ghanaian patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tannor Elliot K. , Sarfo Fred Stephen , Mobula Linda M. , Sarfo‐Kantanka Osei , Adu‐Gyamfi Rexford , Plange‐Rhule Jacob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rapidly rising in developing countries due to astronomical increases in key risk factors including hypertension and diabetes. We sought to assess the burden and predictors of CKD among Ghanaians with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in a multicenter hospital‐based study. We conducted a cross‐sectional study in the Ghana Access and Affordability Program (GAAP) involving adults with hypertension only (HPT), hypertension with diabetes mellitus (HPT + DM), and diabetes mellitus only (DM) in 5 health facilities in Ghana. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data on demographic variables, medical history, and clinical examination. Serum creatinine and proteinuria were measured, and estimated glomerular filtration rate derived using the CKD‐EPI formula. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with CKD. A total of 2781 (84.4%) of 3294 participants had serum creatinine and proteinuria data available for analysis. The prevalence of CKD was 242 (28.5%) among participants with both DM and HPT, 417 (26.3%) among participants with HPT, and 56 (16.1%) among those with DM alone. Predictors of CKD were increasing age aOR 1.26 (1.17‐1.36), low educational level aOR 1.7 (1.23‐2.35), duration of HPT OR, 1.02 (1.01‐1.04), and use of herbal medications aOR 1.39 (1.10‐1.75). Female gender was protective of CKD aOR 0.75 (0.62‐0.92). Among patients with DM, increasing age and systolic blood pressure were associated with CKD. There is high prevalence of CKD among DM and hypertension patients in Ghana. Optimizing blood pressure control and limiting the use of herbal preparations may mitigate CKD occurrence in high cardiovascular risk populations in developing countries.
Is obstructive sleep apnoea the most important determinant of reverse dipping? Hypothesis and evidence
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Gherbesi Elisa , Tadic Marijana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFrom the physiopathological point of view obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) should be regarded as the phenotype with the highest potential to disrupt the normal circadian blood pressure (BP rhythm). Despite these assumptions, it is surprising, however, to note that the data supporting a link between OSA and paradoxical increase in nighttime BP (ie, the so‐called reverse dipping pattern) are still very limited and in some ways not entirely consistent. Available evidence on the association between OSA and reverse dipping (RD pattern), contrary to what is commonly thought, is still scanty. Given the potential negative synergistic effect of these two conditions, it is essential to have studies targeting this topic available soon.
Characterizing treatment‐related patient needs in atopic eczema: insights for personalized goal orientation
Authors: Augustin M. , Langenbruch A. , Blome C. , Gutknecht M. , Werfel T. , Ständer S. , Steinke S. , Kirsten N. , Silva N. , Sommer R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic eczema (AE) is a common and burdensome chronic skin disease. Clinical guidelines suggest an evidence‐based, personalized and stepwise treatment approach. Only few studies have so far focused on the specific patient needs in treatment.ObjectivesTo characterize therapeutic needs of patients with AE in routine care.MethodsNationwide cross‐sectional study in 91 dermatology practices and outpatient clinics. Descriptive statistics were used for valuation. Comparisons of HRQoL and general health status were performed including subgroups (age, gender and disease duration). Group comparisons of patient needs were performed for age groups, gender and disease duration. Correlations between patients’ needs (PNQ) and HRQoL, generic health status and severity were tested. In addition, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine which variables contribute to explain the variance in patient needs.ResultsAnalysis of 1678 patients (60.5% female, mean age 38.35 ± 15.92 years) revealed a high disease burden with mean SCORAD of 42.26 ± 18.63, mean DLQI of 8.49 ± 6.45 and mean EQ VAS of 63.62 ± 21.98. Among the patient needs that were most frequently rated as ‘quite important’/‘very important’ were as follows: ‘to be free of itching’ (96.0%), ‘to get better skin quickly’ (7.8%) and ‘to be healed of all skin defects’ (85.7%). In general, older people, women and patients who had been diagnosed with AE for 1 year or less rated the treatment needs as more important than younger patients, men and patients who had been diagnosed with AE for more than 1 year. Major determinants of higher needs were skin‐related quality of life impairments, higher disease severity and higher age.ConclusionsPatients with AE show a high number and variety of therapeutic needs related to disease signs and symptoms, which are associated with individual disease burden. The patient needs vary substantially according to patient characteristics. Identification of patient‐specific needs may support personalized, patient‐centred care and shared decision‐making.
Systematic review on rapidity of onset of action for interleukin‐17 and interleukin‐23 inhibitors for psoriasis
Authors: Egeberg A. , Andersen Y.M.F. , Halling‐Overgaard A.‐S. , Alignahi F. , Thyssen J.P. , Burge R. , Mallbris L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral novel biologics are available or in development for moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. These drugs may differ in time until Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response is obtained. In this systematic review, we examined the time to onset of action for interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐23 agents in the treatment of psoriasis. The primary objective was the weighted mean time needed for 25% and 50% of patients with psoriasis to achieve PASI90. The medical databases PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were searched using the following terms: psoriasis AND (ixekizumab OR secukinumab OR brodalumab OR risankizumab OR guselkumab OR tildrakizumab). A total of 27 studies were included for data extraction and qualitative synthesis, and 26 of these were quantitatively analysed. The shortest time to 25% and 50% of patients to achieved PASI90 were seen with brodalumab 210 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W; 3.5 weeks and 6.2 weeks, respectively) followed by ixekizumab 80 mg Q2W (4.1 and 7.4 weeks, respectively) and ixekizumab 80 mg Q4W (4.6 and 8.1 weeks, respectively) dosages. In conclusion, clinical trials yielded shorter time to onset of action in studies assessing approved dosing ranges of IL‐17 inhibitors compared with studies assessing IL‐23 inhibitors.
Microcomedones in non‐lesional acne prone skin New orientations on comedogenesis and its prevention
Authors: Fontao F. , von Engelbrechten M. , Seilaz C. , Sorg O. , Saurat J.H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn non‐lesional skin of acne patients, cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping can harvest a structure called microcomedone (MC) which is the earliest phase of comedogenesis; the root of any subsequent clinical lesion and a target for the prevention of acne relapses. More information is needed on the putative biochemical contributors (biomarkers) of comedogenesis expressed in MC.MethodsProteins expressed in MC were screened by proteomics, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The in vitro effects of a comedolytic Silybum marianum fruit extract (SMFE) were studied in sebocyte cultures by RNA‐Seq and modulation of CYP1A1 by qPCR and enzymatic activity. MC severity was correlated to lesions counts and keratin expression during 48 weeks in 23 acne patients using a topical comedolytic formulation containing SMFE.ResultsTwo infundibular keratins, K75 and K79, co‐localized in MC with the sebocyte progenitor cell marker LRIG1 and were used as a biomarker of comedogenesis for the follow‐up of patients. In cultured sebocytes exposed to SMFE (i) transcriptomic analysis showed an up‐regulation by a factor of 15 of RNA coding for K75 and (ii) the gene expression and catalytic activity of CYP1A1 under exposure to dioxin was decreased. In the acne patients using SMFE, the MC index in non‐lesional skin decreased over time and remained until the 48th week, significantly lower than that of the first week. There was a high correlation between the decrease of MC index and the decrease and stability of the clinical lesions counts over time. Importantly, a low MC index status was found to be associated with a significant higher K75 expression in microcomedones.DiscussionThese observations provide new orientations on the mechanism of comedogenesis and its prevention. Maintaining a low MC status in non‐lesional skin is a sound target for the prevention of acne relapse and a good sentinel of acne remissions.
Predicting Hospital Readmissions from Home Healthcare in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jones Christine D. , Falvey Jason , Hess Edward , Levy Cari R. , Nuccio Eugene , Barón Anna E. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Stevens‐Lapsley Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVETo use patient‐level clinical variables to develop and validate a parsimonious model to predict hospital readmissions from home healthcare (HHC) in Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries.DESIGNRetrospective analysis using multivariable logistic regression and gradient boosting machine (GBM) learning to develop and validate a predictive model.SETTING/PARTICIPANTS/MEAUREMENTSA 5% national sample of patients, aged 65 years or older, with Medicare fee‐for‐service who received skilled HHC services within 5 days of hospital discharge in 2012 (n = 43 407). Multiple data sets were merged, including Medicare Outcome and Assessment Information Set, Home Health Claims, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review, and Master Beneficiary Summary Files, to extract patient‐level variables from the first HHC visit after discharge and measure 30‐day readmission outcomes.RESULTSAmong 43 407 patients with inpatient hospitalizations followed by HHC, 14.7% were readmitted within 30 days. Of the 53 candidate variables, seven remained in the final model as individually predictive of outcome: Elixhauser comorbidity index, index hospital length of stay, urinary catheter presence, patient status (ie, fragile health with high risk of complications or serious progressive condition), two or more hospitalizations in prior year, pressure injury risk or presence, and surgical wound presence. Of interest, surgical wounds, either from a total hip or total knee arthroplasty procedure or another surgical procedure, were associated with fewer readmissions. The optimism‐corrected c‐statistics for the full model and parsimonious model were 0.67 and 0.66, respectively, indicating fair discrimination. The Brier score for both models was 0.120, indicating good calibration. The GBM model identified similar predictive variables.CONCLUSIONVariables available to HHC clinicians at the first postdischarge HHC visit can predict readmission risk and inform care plans in HHC. Future analyses incorporating measures of social determinants of health, such as housing instability or social support, have the potential to enhance prediction of this outcome. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2505–2510, 2019
BENFORD'S LAW AS AN INDICATOR OF SURVEY RELIABILITY—CAN WE TRUST OUR DATA?
Authors: Kaiser Micha 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes how closely different income measures conform to Benford's law, a mathematical predictor of probable first digit distribution across many sets of numbers. Because Benford's law can be used to test data set reliability, we use a Benford analysis to assess the quality of six widely used survey data sets. Our findings indicate that although income generally obeys Benford's law, almost all the data sets show substantial discrepancies from it, which we interpret as a strong indicator of reliability issues in the survey data. This result is confirmed by a simulation, which demonstrates that household level income data do not manifest the same poor performance as individual level data. This finding implies that researchers should focus on household level characteristics whenever possible to reduce observation errors.