bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' and early adolescents' self‐efficacy about anger regulation and early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study in three countries☆
Authors: Di Giunta Laura , Iselin Anne‐Marie R. , Lansford Jennifer E. , Eisenberg Nancy , Lunetti Carolina , Thartori Eriona , Basili Emanuele , Pastorelli Concetta , Bacchini Dario , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Gerbino Maria 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study examines whether early adolescents' self‐efficacy beliefs about anger regulation mediate the relation between parents' self‐efficacy beliefs about anger regulation and early adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Participants were 534 early adolescents (T1: M age = 10.89, SD = .70; 50% female), their mothers (n = 534), and their fathers (n = 431). Families were drawn from Colombia, Italy, and the USA. Follow‐up data were obtained two (T2) and three (T3) years later. At T1 and T3, parents' self‐efficacy beliefs were self‐reported and internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed via mothers', fathers', and early adolescents' reports. At T2, early adolescents' self‐efficacy beliefs were self‐reported Within the overall sample, mothers with higher self‐efficacy beliefs about anger regulation had children with similar beliefs. Early adolescents' low self‐efficacy beliefs were associated with higher internalizing and externalizing problems.
The Cranky Thermometers: Visual analogue scales measuring irritability in youth
Authors: Melvin Glenn A. , Tonge Bruce J. , Mulraney Melissa , Gordon Michael , Taffe John , Klimkeit Ester 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the psychometric properties of two visual analogue scales of irritability, known as the Cranky Thermometers (CT), in both an Australian community secondary‐school sample (N = 164) and a sample of adolescents with a depressive disorder (N = 127). The first scale Cranky Now measures current irritability, and the second, Cranky Two Weeks, measures peak irritability within the last two weeks. CT scores were significantly higher in adolescents with major depressive disorder than in the school sample and showed improvement following treatment for depression. Positive associations were found between CT and irritability scores as determined by Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (not irritable, sub‐threshold, threshold irritability) and Affective Reactivity Index scores. Results suggest that the CTs are rapidly administered, have promising psychometric properties and demonstrate utility in measuring irritability in clinical and community settings.
The tetrapartite synapse: a key concept in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
Authors: Chelini Gabriele , Pantazopoulos Harry , Durning Peter , Berretta Sabina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrowing evidence points to synaptic pathology as a core component of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Significant reductions of dendritic spine density and altered expression of their structural and molecular components have been reported in several brain regions, suggesting a deficit of synaptic plasticity. Regulation of synaptic plasticity is a complex process, one that requires not only interactions between pre- and post-synaptic terminals, but also glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, these elements are referred to as the ‘tetrapartite synapse’, an emerging concept supported by accumulating evidence for a role of glial cells and the extracellular matrix in regulating structural and functional aspects of synaptic plasticity. In particular, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), one of the main components of the ECM, have been shown to be synthesized predominantly by glial cells, to form organized perisynaptic aggregates known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), and to modulate synaptic signaling and plasticity during postnatal development and adulthood. Notably, recent findings from our group and others have shown marked CSPG abnormalities in several brain regions of people with SZ. These abnormalities were found to affect specialized ECM structures, including PNNs, as well as glial cells expressing the corresponding CSPGs. The purpose of this review is to bring forth the hypothesis that synaptic pathology in SZ arises from a disruption of the interactions between elements of the tetrapartite synapse.
A New Technique for Coronaplasty in Penile Reconstruction
Authors: Sommeling Casper E. , De Wolf Edward J. , Salim Ali , Monstrey Stan , Opsomer Dries , Claes Karel , D'Arpa Salvatore 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
The coronaplasty is an important step of the phalloplasty procedure as it creates a prominent coronal ridge and a constricted coronal sulcus, resulting in the transformation of a regular skin flap into a flap resembling a circumcised penis.

Aim
The aim of this article is to describe our new coronaplasty technique that exploits opposing contracting forces of 2 different skin grafts to hold the shape of a thick, distally based skin flap, resulting in a natural looking neo-phallus.

Methods
A distally based flap is raised at the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the neo-phallus. The dissection continues until adequate mobilization is obtained, so the flap can stand almost perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. 2 separate full-thickness skin grafts are harvested and placed: the first at the raw undersurface of the flap, the second at the flap's donor site. To make the sulcus deeper and to define the ridge, the lower part of the graft placed on the undersurface of the distal flap is sutured with tacking sutures. Depending on the type of flap used this procedure can be done during the phalloplasty procedure itself (axial flaps) or at least 1 week later (perforator flaps).

Outcomes
The new technique that we developed shows a more distinct coronal sulcus and coronal ridge, long-lasting results, and a more aesthetically pleasing and natural-appearing glans penis.

Results
The harvested distal flap is progressively thicker and not folded, resulting in a more naturally looking ridge. The donor site is deeper than other techniques, creating a well-defined sulcus. By using 2 skin grafts the opposing force vectors increase the projection of the ridge and the deepness of the sulcus.

Clinical Translation
This technique results in a more prominent glans penis and is an important step in creating an almost naturally looking neo-phallus.

Conclusions
This procedure can be applied to all different kind of flaps used for phalloplasty, both in an immediate or delayed fashion. As grafts are used, partial or complete graft lost can appear. Furthermore, attention must be paid not to incise the distal flap too deep so vascularity to the distal part of the flap will not be impaired. A continuous search to optimize the aesthetic outcome of the phalloplasty procedure is necessary and with this new coronaplasty technique we hope to raise attention and take another step toward creating “the real thing.”
miR‐429 expression in bladder cancer and its correlation with tumor behavior and clinical outcome
Authors: Wu Chia‐Lun , Ho Jar‐Yi , Hung Shun‐Hsing , Yu Dah‐Shyong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe previously showed that microRNA‐429 (miR‐429) played an important role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder. We herein evaluated the expression of miR‐429 in bladder cancer and its potential relevance to clinicopathological characteristics and patient survival. Relative expression levels of miR‐429 in surgical bladder cancer tissue specimens obtained from 76 patients with bladder cancer were measured by chromogenic in situ hybridization. miR‐429 expression was significantly higher in specimens from alive patients than expired patients in both of 5‐year overall survival (OS) (0.59 ± 0.09 vs. 0.27 ± 0.12; p < 0.05) and 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (0.63 ± 0.10 vs. 0.33 ± 0.10; p < 0.05). The univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that tumor grade, stage, and miR‐429 expression were significantly associated with patient survival. In multivariate analysis, tumor stage and miR‐429 expression were significantly associated with 5‐year OS (hazard ratio [HR] 4.70, p < 0.001) and 5‐year‐RFS (HR 2.20, p < 0.05). The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients with miR‐429 expression had significantly better 5‐year OS and 5‐year RFS rates than those without miR‐429 expression (84.4% vs. 61.4%, p < 0.05 and 71.9% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.05, respectively). miR‐429 may be considered as an adjunctive prognostic marker in addition to tumor grade and stage in bladder cancer.
Dairy product consumption is associated with pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Lifelines Cohort Study
Authors: Brouwer-Brolsma Elske M. , Sluik Diewertje , Singh-Povel Cecile M. , Feskens Edith J. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrevious studies show associations between dairy product consumption and type 2 diabetes, but only a few studies conducted detailed analyses for a variety of dairy subgroups. Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations of a broad variety of dairy subgroups with pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (ND-T2DM) among Dutch adults. In total, 112 086 adults without diabetes completed a semi-quantitative FFQ and donated blood. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between 5·6 and 6·9 mmol/l or HbA1c% of 5·7–6·4 %. ND-T2DM was defined as FPG ≥7·0 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥6·5 %. Logistic regression analyses were conducted by 100 g or serving increase and dairy tertiles (T1ref), while adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and dietary covariates. Median dairy product intake was 324 (interquartile range 227) g/d; 25 549 (23 %) participants had pre-diabetes; and 1305 (1 %) had ND-T2DM. After full adjustment, inverse associations were observed of skimmed dairy (OR100 g 0·98; 95 % CI 0·97, 1·00), fermented dairy (OR100 g 0·98; 95 % CI 0·97, 0·99) and buttermilk (OR150 g 0·97; 95 % CI 0·94, 1·00) with pre-diabetes. Positive associations were observed for full-fat dairy (OR100 g 1·003; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·06), non-fermented dairy products (OR100 g 1·01; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·02) and custard (ORserving/150 g 1·13; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·24) with pre-diabetes. Moreover, full-fat dairy products (ORT3 1·16; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·35), non-fermented dairy products (OR100 g 1·05; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·09) and milk (ORserving/150 g 1·08; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·15) were positively associated with ND-T2DM. In conclusion, our data showed inverse associations of skimmed and fermented dairy products with pre-diabetes. Positive associations were observed for full-fat and non-fermented dairy products with pre-diabetes and ND-T2DM.
The effect of short-term coenzyme Q10supplementation and pre-cooling strategy on cardiac damage markers in elite swimmers
Authors: Emami Ali , Tofighi Asghar , Asri-Rezaei Siamak , Bazargani-Gilani Behnaz 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStrenuous physical exercise and hyperthermia may paradoxically induce oxidative stress and adverse effects on myocardial function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 14-d coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) supplementation and pre-cooling on serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac Troponin I (cTnI), myoglobin (Mb), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and CoQ10concentration in elite swimmers. In total, thirty-six healthy males (mean age 17 (sd1) years) were randomly selected and divided into four groups of supplementation, supplementation with pre-cooling, pre-cooling and control. During an eighteen-session protocol in the morning and evening, subjects attended speed and endurance swimming training sessions for 5 km in each session. Blood sampling was done before (two stages) and after (two stages) administration of CoQ10and pre-cooling. ANCOVA and repeated measurement tests with Bonferronipost hoctest were used for the statistical analysis of the data. There was no significant statistical difference among groups for the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD, TAC, LPO and CoQ10at the presampling (stages 1 and 2) (P>0·05). However, pre-cooling and control groups show a significant increase in the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD and LPO compared with the supplementation and supplementation with pre-cooling groups in the post-sampling (stages 1 and 2) (P<0·05), except for the TAC and CoQ10. Consequently, CoQ10supplementation prevents adverse changes of myocardial damage and oxidative stress during swimming competition phase. Meanwhile, the pre-cooling strategy individually has no desired effect on the levels of CK-MB, cTnI, Mb, LD, LPO, TAC and CoQ10.
Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics profiling on flesh quality of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea fed a diet with hydroxyproline supplementation
Authors: Wei Zehong , Zhou Huihui , Zhang Yanjiao , Zhang Qin , Zhang Wenbing , Mai Kangsen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA previous study showed that flesh quality of large yellow croaker (LYC) was improved by feeding dietary hydroxyproline (Hyp, 0·69 %). The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanisms using transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The metabolomics analysis showed that muscle metabolite profiles could be clearly separated between the basal diet and Hyp supplementation diet. Metabolites including betaine, Hyp, lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, trimethylamine N-oxide, taurine, creatine, inosine monophosphate, histamine and serine made significant contribution to the separation. Compared with the control diet, the transcriptomics analysis identified a total of 334 different expressed genes, of which 298 genes were up-regulated and thirty-six genes were down-regulated in the Hyp supplementation group. The altered genes of the Hyp supplementation group were involved in collagen metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. The integrated results revealed that the increased muscle collagen content in the Hyp supplementation diet was partly because of its enhancement of biosynthesis and the reduction of degradation. The improvement of muscle quality by dietary Hyp supplementation could also be related to a good utilisation of glucose through enhancement of glycolysis. It was concluded that dietary Hyp supplementation could improve flesh quality because of comprehensive metabolism changes including elevated collagen content, glycolysis, lipid metabolism and flesh flavour of LYC. The present study provided a novel strategy to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of flesh quality of LYC fed diet with Hyp supplementation.
Disaster risk, climate change, and poverty: assessing the global exposure of poor people to floods and droughts
Authors: Winsemius Hessel C. , Jongman Brenden , Veldkamp Ted I.E. , Hallegatte Stephane , Bangalore Mook , Ward Philip J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeople living in poverty are particularly vulnerable to shocks, including those caused by natural disasters such as floods and droughts. This paper analyses household survey data and hydrological riverine flood and drought data for 52 countries to find out whether poor people are disproportionally exposed to floods and droughts, and how this exposure may change in a future climate. We find that poor people are often disproportionally exposed to droughts and floods, particularly in urban areas. This pattern does not change significantly under future climate scenarios, although the absolute number of people potentially exposed to floods or droughts can increase or decrease significantly, depending on the scenario and region. In particular, many countries in Africa show a disproportionally high exposure of poor people to floods and droughts. For these hotspots, implementing risk-sensitive land-use and development policies that protect poor people should be a priority.
Diagnose und Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen
Authors: Herrmann Christian , Heim Christopher , Seelig Harald 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Motorische Basiskompetenzen gewährleisten als erlernbare und funktionale Leistungsdispositionen, dass Kinder qualifiziert an der Sport- und Bewegungskultur teilnehmen können. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Entwicklung motorischer Basiskompetenzen über ein Schuljahr abzubilden und potentielle Einflussfaktoren zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen des Projekts „Schulkids in Bewegung“ wurden N = 1031 Kinder der ersten und zweiten Jahrgangsstufe (54 % Jungen, M = 6.83 Jahre, SD = 0.44) in den Kompetenzbereichen Sich-Bewegen und Etwas-Bewegen untersucht. Weiterhin wurde die sportliche Aktivität der Kinder mittels Elternfragebogen erfasst. Die Resultate lassen eine Verbesserung der motorischen Basiskompetenzen im Verlauf eines Schuljahres deutlich erkennen. Die Kompetenzveränderungen fielen für Jungen und Mädchen unterschiedlich aus. Kinder mit hohem BMI zeigten im Vergleich zu Kindern mit geringerem BMI weniger Kompetenzzuwächse. Kinder, welche außerhalb der Schule sportlich aktiv waren, verbesserten ihre motorischen Basiskompetenzen deutlicher, wobei die Art der sportlichen Betätigung bedeutsam war. Insgesamt konnte gezeigt werden, dass endogene und exogene Faktoren in einem engen Zusammenhang mit der motorischen Kompetenzentwicklung zu Beginn der Grundschulzeit stehen.
Ein Motivationsschub durch die Ausbildung?
Authors: Becker Sarah , Pfost Maximilian , Schiefer Irene M. , Artelt Cordula 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung. Bisherige Forschungsarbeiten zeigen, dass die Entwicklung von Zielorientierungen von kontextuellen Bedingungen abhängen kann. So wird beispielsweise ein Rückgang der Lernzielorientierung nach dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe I berichtet ( Anderman & Midgley, 1997 ). Schlechter werdende Passung zwischen Lernendem und Lernumgebung wird als mögliche Ursache für den Rückgang genannt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde untersucht, ob und wie sich Zielorientierungen von Beginn der Sekundarstufe I bis nach dem Übergang in die Sekundarstufe II bzw. in das Ausbildungssystem entwickeln. Analysiert wurden Daten von N = 650 Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie Auszubildenden zu drei Messzeitpunkten (Klasse 5, Klasse 6, Stufe 11 / 1. Ausbildungsjahr). Die Ergebnisse latenter Neighbor-Change-Analysen zeigen in beiden Gruppen eine Abnahme der Annäherungs- und Vermeidungsleistungszielorientierung. Die Lernzielorientierung nimmt in beiden Gruppen zu, wobei der Anstieg für Auszubildende signifikant höher ausfällt. Die Ergebnisse erweisen sich unter Berücksichtigung der Kovariaten Geschlecht, Schulleistung, Migrationshintergrund und sozioökonomischer Status als robust. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund der Stage-Environment-Fit-Theorie und Zielstrukturen diskutiert.
Impairments in action–outcome learning in schizophrenia
Authors: Morris Richard W. , Cyrzon Chad , Green Melissa J. , Le Pelley Mike E. , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLearning the causal relation between actions and their outcomes (AO learning) is critical for goal-directed behavior when actions are guided by desire for the outcome. This can be contrasted with habits that are acquired by reinforcement and primed by prevailing stimuli, in which causal learning plays no part. Recently, we demonstrated that goal-directed actions are impaired in schizophrenia; however, whether this deficit exists alongside impairments in habit or reinforcement learning is unknown. The present study distinguished deficits in causal learning from reinforcement learning in schizophrenia. We tested people with schizophrenia (SZ, n = 25) and healthy adults (HA, n = 25) in a vending machine task. Participants learned two action–outcome contingencies (e.g., push left to get a chocolate M&M, push right to get a cracker), and they also learned one contingency was degraded by delivery of noncontingent outcomes (e.g., free M&Ms), as well as changes in value by outcome devaluation. Both groups learned the best action to obtain rewards; however, SZ did not distinguish the more causal action when one AO contingency was degraded. Moreover, action selection in SZ was insensitive to changes in outcome value unless feedback was provided, and this was related to the deficit in AO learning. The failure to encode the causal relation between action and outcome in schizophrenia occurred without any apparent deficit in reinforcement learning. This implies that poor goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia cannot be explained by a more primary deficit in reward learning such as insensitivity to reward value or reward prediction errors.
Hydroxychloroquine attenuates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting cathepsin mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Tang Tao-Tao , Lv Lin-Li , Pan Ming-Ming , Wen Yi , Wang Bin , Li Zuo-Lin , Wu Min , Wang Feng-Mei , Crowley Steve D , Liu Bi-Cheng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), which complicates the post-operative outcomes of large numbers of hospitalized surgical patients. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a well-known anti-malarial drug, is commonly used in clinical practice for its anti-inflammatory actions. However, little is known about its role in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the current study, mice were subjected to I/R injury and HCQ was administered for seven days by gavage prior to surgery. In parallel, HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells were prophylactically treated with HCQ and then were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The results showed that HCQ significantly attenuated renal dysfunction evidenced by blunted decreases in serum creatinine and kidney injury molecular-1 expression and the improvement of HK-2 cell viability. Additionally, HCQ markedly reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Mechanistic studies showed that HCQ could inhibit the priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome by down-regulating I/R or H/R-induced NF-κB signaling. Moreover, HCQ reduced cathepsin (CTS) B, CTSD and CTSL activity, and their redistribution from lysosomes to cytoplasm. CTSB and CTSL (not CTSD) were implicated in I/R triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Notably, we found that HCQ attenuated renal injury through downregulation of CTSB and CTSL-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This study provides new insights into the anti-inflammatory effect of HCQ in the treatment of AKI.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression regulates the survival and proliferation of Fusobacterium nucleatum in THP-1-derived macrophages
Authors: Xue Ying , Xiao Han , Guo Songhe , Xu Banglao , Liao Yuehua , Wu Yixian , Zhang Ge 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is a tumor-associated obligate anaerobic bacterium, which has a role in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Fn can invade and promote colon epithelial cells proliferation. However, how Fn survives and proliferates in its host cells remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the morphology, survival, and proliferation of Fn in THP-1-derived macrophages (dTHP1). For the first time, we found that Fn is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and limited proliferate in dTHP1 cells up to 72 h, and a live Fn infection can inhibit apoptosis of dTHP1 cells by activating the PI3K and ERK pathways. Both Fn bacteria and dTHP1 cells exhibit obvious morphological changes during infection. In addition, Infection of Fn-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression by TNF-α-dependent and LPS-dependent pathway in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and the IDO-induced low tryptophan and high kynurenine environment inhibited the intracellular multiplication of Fn in dTHP1 cells. IDO expression further impaired the function of peripheral blood lymphocytes, permitting the escape of Fn-infected macrophages from cell death. IDO inhibition abrogated this effect caused by Fn and relieved immune suppression. In conclusion, we identified IDO as an important player mediating intracellular Fn proliferation in macrophages, and inhibition of IDO may aggravate infection in Fn-associated tumor immunotherapy.