bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altering N2O emissions by manipulating wheat root bacterial community
Authors: Usyskin-Tonne Alla , Hadar Yitzhak , Minz Dror 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas and a potent ozone-depleting substance in the stratosphere. Agricultural soils are one of the main global sources of N2O emissions, particularly from cereal fields due to their high areal coverage. The aim of this study was to isolate N2O-reducing bacteria able to mitigate N2O emissions from the soil after inoculation. We isolated several bacteria from wheat roots that were capable of N2O reductionin vitroand studied their genetic potential and activity under different environmental conditions. Three of these isolates- all carrying the nitrous oxide reductase-encoding clade InosZ, able to reduce N2Oin vitro, and efficient colonizers of wheat roots- presented different N2O-reduction strategies when growing in the root zone, possibly due to the different conditionsin situand their metabolic preferences. Each isolate seemed to prefer to operate at different altered oxygen levels. Isolate AU243 (related toAgrobacterium/Rhizobium) could reduce both nitrate and N2O and operated better at lower oxygen levels. Isolate AU14 (related toAlcaligenes faecalis), lacking nitrate reductases, operated better under less anoxic conditions. Isolate NT128 (related toPseudomonas stutzeri) caused slightly increased N2O emissions under both anoxic and ambient conditions. These results therefore emphasize the importance of a deep understanding of soil–plant–microbe interactions when environmental application is being considered.
IL-1α promotes liver inflammation and necrosis during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria
Authors: de Menezes Maria Nogueira , Salles Érika Machado , Vieira Flávia , Amaral Eduardo Pinheiro , Zuzarte-Luís Vanessa , Cassado Alexandra , Epiphanio Sabrina , Alvarez José Maria , Alves-Filho José Carlos , Mota Maria Manuel , D’Império-Lima Maria Regina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMalaria causes hepatic inflammation and damage, which contribute to disease severity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α is released by non-hematopoietic or hematopoietic cells during liver injury. This study established the role of IL-1α in the liver pathology caused by blood-stage P. chabaudi malaria. During acute infection, hepatic inflammation and necrosis were accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome-independent IL-1α production. Systemically, IL-1α deficiency attenuated weight loss and hypothermia but had minor effects on parasitemia control. In the liver, the absence of IL-1α reduced the number of TUNEL+ cells and necrotic lesions. This finding was associated with a lower inflammatory response, including TNF-α production. The main source of IL-1α in the liver of infected mice was inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. The implication of IL-1α in liver inflammation and necrosis caused by P. chabaudi infection, as well as in weight loss and hypothermia, opens up new perspectives for improving malaria outcomes by inhibiting IL-1 signaling.
Genetic Diversity in Stomatal Density among Soybeans Elucidated Using High-throughput Technique Based on an Algorithm for Object Detection
Authors: Sakoda Kazuma , Watanabe Tomoya , Sukemura Shun , Kobayashi Shunzo , Nagasaki Yuichi , Tanaka Yu , Shiraiwa Tatsuhiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe stomatal density (SD) can be a promising target to improve the leaf photosynthesis in soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr). In a conventional SD evaluation, the counting process of the stomata during a manual operation can be time-consuming. We aimed to develop a high-throughput technique for evaluating the SD and elucidating the variation in the SD among various soybean accessions. The central leaflet of the first trifoliolate was sampled, and microscopic images of the leaflet replica were obtained among 90 soybean accessions. The Single Shot MultiBox Detector, an algorithm for an object detection based on deep learning, was introduced to develop an automatic detector of the stomata in the image. The developed detector successfully recognized the stomata in the microscopic image with high-throughput. Using this technique, the value of R2 reached 0.90 when the manually and automatically measured SDs were compared in the 150 images. This technique discovered a variation in SD from 93 ± 3 to 166 ± 4 mm−2 among the 90 accessions. Our detector can be a powerful tool for a SD evaluation with a large-scale population in crop species, accelerating the identification of useful alleles related to the SD in future breeding programs.
Specific heat capacity enhancement studied in silica doped potassium nitrate via molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Engelmann Sven , Hentschke Reinhard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMolten salts serve an important purpose for short term heat energy storage and as heat transfer fluids in solar power plants. Different experimental groups have shown that certain mixtures containing salts doped with small amounts of nanoparticles exhibit much greater specific heat capacities compared to the same base salts without nanoparticles. This effect is technically interesting and economically important. Thus far, however, it is not understood. Our aim is the theoretical investigation of the specific heat capacity in the aforementioned nanofluids on the molecular level using simulations. Here we present results for liquid potassium nitrate doped with silica nanoparticles. We discuss the observed increase of the specific heat in terms of the particle induced hydrodynamic reinforcement and liquid structure. The theoretical background of this discussion is a ω-space resolved phonon theory of liquids in conjunction with differential spectral densities, computed for the different systems with and without nanoparticles.
Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture
Authors: Delevatti Lutti M. , Cardoso Abmael S. , Barbero Rondineli P. , Leite Rhaony G. , Romanzini Eliéder P. , Ruggieri Ana C. , Reis Ricardo A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA three-year-long field experiment was conducted in a continuous grazing system with a variable stocking rate to evaluate effects of increasing nitrogen levels in Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich Stapf “marandu”) on herbage mass, forage accumulation rate (FAR), forage quality, stocking rate (SR), average daily gain (ADG), gain per hectare (GPH), and gain per kg of applied N. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments (control without application of N, and 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha−1 year−1) and three replicates (paddocks per treatment); nitrogen was applied in the form of urea. Herbage mass, crude protein (CP), FAR, SR, GPH, and the nitrogen nutrition index increased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.05), whereas the neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre, and nitrogen usage efficiency decreased with increasing nitrogen level (P < 0.01). Crude protein was higher than 12% and NDF lower than 60% in all treatments. Nitrogen application rate affected ADG (P < 0.05) but did not fit any equation. The highest ADG was 90 kg N ha−1 year−1 (985 g animal−1 day−1). Increasing the nitrogen level is a promising way to improve Marandu grass production, nutritive value, and animal production.
Mast cell stabilizing effect of a geranyl acetophenone in dengue virus infection usingin vitromodel of DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells
Authors: Tan Ji Wei , Wan Zahidi Nuha Fahimah , Kow Audrey Siew Foong , Soo Kuan-Meng , Shaari Khozirah , Israf Daud Ahmad , Chee Hui-Yee , Tham Chau Ling 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMast cells (MCs), a type of immune effector cell, have recently become recognized for their ability to cause vascular leakage during dengue virus (DENV) infection. Although MC stabilizers have been reported to attenuate DENV induced infection in animal studies, there are limited in vitro studies on the use of MC stabilizers against DENV induced MC degranulation. 2,4,6-trihydroxy-3-geranyl acetophenone (tHGA) has been reported to be a potential MC stabilizer by inhibiting IgE-mediated MC activation in both cellular and animal models. The present study aims to establish an in vitro model of DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells using ketotifen fumarate as a control drug, as well as to determine the effect of tHGA on the release of MC mediators upon DENV infection. Our results demonstrated that the optimal multiplicities of infection (MOI) were 0.4 × 10−2 and 0.8 × 10−2 focus forming units (FFU)/cell. Ketotifen fumarate was proven to attenuate DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells degranulation in this in vitro model. In contrast, tHGA was unable to attenuate the release of both β-hexosaminidase and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Nonetheless, our study has successfully established an in vitro model of DENV3-induced RBL-2H3 cells, which might be useful for the screening of potential MC stabilizers for anti-dengue therapies.
Review of Cross-Leg Flaps in Reconstruction of Posttraumatic Lower Extremity Wounds in a Microsurgical Unit
Authors: Mahajan Ravi K. , Srinivasan Krishnan , Ghildiyal Harish , Singh Mahipal , Jain Adish , Kapadia Taha , Tambotra Ankush 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the advent of microsurgery, and expanding expertise in the field, extensive traumatic wounds of leg have been managed successfully with free tissue transfer. Various patient-related factors may preclude the use of free flaps even in units with available expertise and infrastructure. It is in such situations that the “cross-leg flap” comes into play. In these cases, instead of attempting complicated anastomotic techniques or anastomosis in the zone of trauma, it is better to perform the simpler and more reliable cross-leg flap. In this study, we try to show the utility of a cross-leg flap based on a retrospective study of 198 patients who underwent cross-leg flap in our institute over a period of 15 years extending from November 2003 to March 2018. Materials and methods: Case sheets of all patients who underwent cross-leg flap from November 2003 to March 2018 were reviewed. The location of defect in the leg, the indication for cross-leg flap, the pattern of cross-leg flap, and perioperative complications were noted. Results: A total of 198 patients underwent cross-leg flap for traumatic soft tissue injury of leg during this period. The most common reason for performing cross-leg flap was poor pulsatility of the recipient artery as seen intraoperatively, followed by the economics of the procedure wherein the initial cost of free flap was found significantly higher compared with cross-leg flap. All flaps survived with partial necrosis occurring in 23 patients. All flaps settled well by 2 years’ time. Bony union/fracture healing evaluation was not a part of this study. Conclusion: Cross-leg flap is still a useful tool for leg wound coverage even in microsurgical unit in situations precluding free flap coverage.
Old English wolde and sceolde
Authors: Wischer Ilse 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Old English (OE) pre-modals willan and *sculan are generally considered less grammaticalized than their Modern English counterparts will and shall; nevertheless they most often function as auxiliary verbs (cf. Wischer, 2006: 173). Their present tense forms have already been studied in considerable detail, often in the context of their development into future tense markers, while their morphologically past tense forms have received comparatively little attention. In this paper I examine the past forms of willan and *sculan in the poetry texts from the Dictionary of Old English Corpus and categorize them according to their syntactic contexts and the lexical or grammatical meanings they express. Thus, the aim of this paper is to shed light on their past and non-past time-reference, their main verb use versus auxiliary use and the type of modality or other function they can express in periphrastic constructions, and hence their degree of grammaticalization in Old English.
Counterfactuality and aktionsart
Authors: Huber Judith 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In Middle English (ME), manner of motion verbs occur in perfect periphrases with both BE and HAVE as auxiliaries (e.g. is/has run, is/has ridden), the BE-variant being the older, the HAVE-variant the more recent form with these verbs. Los (2015) hypothesizes that the choice of auxiliary with manner of motion verbs in ME might depend systematically on aktionsart in that HAVE is chosen when the verb denotes a controlled process (e.g. he has run fast for an hour), and BE when the verb denotes a change of location (e.g. he is run into town), much as in Present-Day Dutch. Also taking into account other factors that have been suggested to influence the choice of BE vs. HAVE in Middle English (such as counterfactuality, infinitive, or past perfect), I test this hypothesis on data from the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse. I show that aktionsart is indeed a very reliable predictor, but overridden by counterfactuality.
Signs of grammaticalization
Authors: Schwarz Sarah 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study, I examine a large number of get-passives from different genres and time periods in the Corpus of Historical American English for signs of grammaticalization by looking for evidence of semantic bleaching and morphosyntactic generalization. A comparable set of be-passives is included as a control group throughout. The study shows a dramatic increase in the frequency of central get-passives between the 1870s and the 1990s. Changes in situation type, subject type, and range of past-participle collocates, which are traced through all four genres in the corpus, provide further indications that the get-passive is continuing to grammaticalize over the period.
Further explorations in the grammar of intensifier marking in Modern English
Authors: Rohdenburg Günter 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Picking up on earlier analyses, this paper explores a number of further issues bearing on the replacement of unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones. While the evolutions of individual intensifiers may vary enormously, almost all grammatical constraints on intensifier marking can be accounted for in terms of a verbality cline: Structures displaying a high degree of verbality promote the establishment of suffixed intensifiers whereas less verbal structures tend to delay the process. The major findings supporting this generalization include the following:

Past participles, which virtually always function as predicatives, represent one of the earliest categories to implement the change. In this respect, they contrast with present participles, which tend to behave like ordinary adjectives.

Compared with predicative adjectives, attributive adjectives have been slow to replace unmarked intensifiers by suffixed ones.

The establishment of the suffix is further advanced with complemented (non-attributive) adjectives than uncomplemented ones.
“Splendidly prejudiced”
Authors: Chapman Don 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper examines terms used for disapproval in usage guides during the 19th and 20th centuries. Two corpora are used for this investigation: the Hyper Usage Guide of English database (HUGE) and a corpus of 29 usage guides representing nearly all decades of the 19th and 20th centuries. The terms of disapproval fall into four groups: terms emphasizing correctness (wrong, error), communication (confusing, awkward), varieties of English (variant, slang), and social judgments (silly, ignorant). The examination shows that terms emphasizing correctness are most dominant today and have predominated over time. In contrast, judgmental terms have declined over time, while variation and communication terms have increased. The paper further notes that for shibboleths – prescriptive rules with high salience for “some readers” – a common formulation is that “some writers” or even “many writers” use the disapproved term, thus paralleling the “some readers” who notice the shibboleths.
Paradigm shifts in 19th-century British grammar writing
Authors: Busse Beatrix , Gather Kirsten , Kleiber Ingo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Systematic and comprehensive linguistic studies of 19th-century British grammar books are scarce. This is surprising since the 19th century has often been claimed to constitute a turning point in English grammar writing, particularly due to the assumed paradigm shift from prescriptive works to predominantly descriptive grammars, the emergence of the comparative-historical approach around 1830, and phonetics gaining importance in the 1890s.
Combining methods from network analysis and historical corpus linguistics, we aim to reassess these assumed (meta)linguistic developments in grammar writing by examining authors’ references to other grammarians in a corpus of 19th-century British grammars. We will show that changes, such as the turn away from prescriptive grammar writing, can indeed be further enhanced and systematically supported by quantitative results from the analysed network of referenced grammars and grammarians. Further, the analysis of the grammars’ lexical inventory shows which authors take the lead in terminological progress.
The proverbial discourse tradition in the history of English
Authors: Lückert Claudia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present contribution sheds light on the mental representation of proverbs in relation to the norms and conventions of discourse traditions (cf. Koch, 1997; Oesterreicher, 1997). While the proverbial tradition is seen as a very important discourse tradition of medieval England (for example Schaefer, 1992; Shippey, 1994; Aurich, 2012a), it is widely acknowledged that it is no longer as influential in modern times. The article introduces a new model of mental representation (“dual layer storage model of proverb representation”) which is a modified version of the “superlemma model of idiom representation” (Sprenger et al., 2006). This new model incorporates a facilitation process in line with the usage-based view (e.g. Bybee, 2013). The article argues that the particular norms and conventions of discourse traditions in the history of English which are connected with the proverbial tradition have an effect on the strength of the representation of proverbs in the mind.
Evidentiality and stance in YouTube comments on smartphone reviews
Authors: Parini Alejandro , Fetzer Anita 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Online participatory environments have become saturated spaces in terms of the opportunities that they offer for the
display of different viewpoints and ideologies. YouTube, as a popular video-sharing and networking site,
constitutes a new media space that invites both individual and collaborative stance-taking by participants who gather, virtually,
to address a particular topic, issue or event depicted visually and discussed textually through the comments that are posted on
the site. This interactional dynamics triggers a dialogic sequence of follow-ups through which stances are formulated following up
on previous stances or counterstances. Against this background, this paper reports on a case study of individual and
collaborative, and interdiscursive and intradiscursive stance-taking in participants’ comments to an online review focusing on the
strategic use of direct (tactile) and indirect (inferential) references to evidentiality and their co-occurrence with
argumentative markers. In this multilayered context stance-taking does not only contribute to evaluation but also to the
construction of collective identities.
Gender inequality by design: does successful implementation of childcare policy deliver gender-just outcomes?
Authors: Plomien Ania 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The intractability of complex forms of gender inequality and the normalisation of gender equality policies on public policy agendas continue to challenge feminist research and activism concerned with gender-just outcomes. Through integrative multi-level analysis of policy design-implementation-outcomes building on the feminist policy implementation framework, this article illuminates how dominant discursive framing supports divergent policy approaches by different actors within state-institutional sites. Based on a decade of childcare policy implementation in Poland, the analysis shows that a shared family well-being frame is deployed by political actors to design and implement contrasting models for childcare. These have profound implications for the attainment of gender-just outcomes by sometimes challenging, but more frequently, reconstituting gender hierarchies. The policy design-implementation-outcome lens highlights the centrality of gender throughout the policy process and thus helps account for the persistence of inequalities through their construction and re-construction. It also suggests that, politically, the policy effort can be deployed towards alternative processes and policies, and thus towards the attainment of gender-just outcomes.
Chiral phase transition from the Dyson-Schwinger equations in a finite spherical volume *
Authors: Zhao Ya-Peng , Zhang Rui-Rui , Zhang Han , Zong Hong-Shi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Within the framework of the Dyson-Schwinger equations and by means of Multiple Reflection Expansion, we study the effect of finite volume on the chiral phase transition in a sphere, and discuss in particular its influence on the possible location of the critical end point (CEP). According to our calculations, when we take a sphere instead of a cube, the influence of finite volume on phase transition is not as significant as previously calculated. For instance, as the radius of the spherical volume decreases from infinite to 2 fm, the critical temperature

, at zero chemical potential and finite temperature, drops only slightly. At finite chemical potential and finite temperature, the location of CEP shifts towards smaller temperature and higher chemical potential, but the amplitude of the variation does not exceed 20%. As a result, we find that not only the size of the volume but also its shape have a considerable impact on the phase transition.
Triple α -particle resonances in the decay of hot nuclear systems *
Authors: Zhang S. , Wang J. C. , Bonasera A. , Huang M. R. , Zheng H. , Zhang G. Q. , Kohley Z. , Ma Y. G. , Yennello S. J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Efimov (Thomas) trimers in excited 12C nuclei, for which no observation exists yet, are discussed by means of analyzing the experimental data of 70(64)Zn(64Ni) + 70(64)Zn(64Ni) reactions at the beam energy of E/A = 35 MeV/nucleon. In heavy ion collisions,

-particles interact with each other and can form complex systems such as 8Be and 12C. For the 3

-particle systems, multi-resonance processes give rise to excited levels of 12C. The interaction between any two of the 3

-particles provides events with one, two or three 8Be. Their interfering levels are clearly seen in the minimum relative energy distributions. Events with the three

-particle relative energies consistent with the ground state of 8Be are observed with the decrease of the instrumental error for the reconstructed 7.458 MeV excitation level in 12C, which was suggested as the Efimov (Thomas) state.
Study of the a1 (1269) resonance in the γp →π+π+π-n
reaction *
Authors: Zhang Xu , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Within an effective Lagrangian approach and resonance model, we study the

and

reactions via the

-exchange mechanism. For the

reaction, we perform a calculation of the differential and total cross-sections by considering the contributions of the

intermediate resonance decaying into

and then into

. Besides, the non-resonance process is also considered. With a lower mass of

, the experimental data for the invariant

mass distributions can be fairly well reproduced. For the

reaction, with the model parameters, the total cross-section is of the order of 10 μb at the photon beam energy

~2.5 GeV. It is expected that the model calculations in this work could be tested by future experiments.