bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient localization of the Arp2/3 complex initiates neuronal dendrite branching in vivo
Authors: Stürner Tomke , Tatarnikova Anastasia , Mueller Jan , Schaffran Barbara , Cuntz Hermann , Zhang Yun , Nemethova Maria , Bogdan Sven , Small Vic , Tavosanis Gaia 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The formation of neuronal dendrite branches is fundamental for the wiring and function of the nervous system. Indeed, dendrite branching enhances the coverage of the neuron's receptive field and modulates the initial processing of incoming stimuli. Complex dendrite patterns are achieved in vivo through a dynamic process of de novo branch formation, branch extension and retraction. The first step towards branch formation is the generation of a dynamic filopodium-like branchlet. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of dendrite branchlets are therefore crucial to the shaping of dendrites. Through in vivo time-lapse imaging of the subcellular localization of actin during the process of branching of Drosophila larva sensory neurons, combined with genetic analysis and electron tomography, we have identified the Actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex as the major actin nucleator involved in the initiation of dendrite branchlet formation, under the control of the activator WAVE and of the small GTPase Rac1. Transient recruitment of an Arp2/3 component marks the site of branchlet initiation in vivo. These data position the activation of Arp2/3 as an early hub for the initiation of branchlet formation.
Individual components of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex have distinct roles in memory neurons of theDrosophilamushroom body
Authors: Chubak Melissa C. , Nixon Kevin C. J. , Stone Max H. , Raun Nicholas , Rice Shelby L. , Sarikahya Mohammed , Jones Spencer G. , Lyons Taylor A. , Jakub Taryn E. , Mainland Roslyn L. M. , Knip Maria J. , Edwards Tara N. , Kramer Jamie M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTTechnology has led to rapid progress in the identification of genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID), but our functional understanding of the causative genes is lagging. Here, we show that the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex is one of the most over-represented cellular components disrupted in ID. We investigated the role of individual subunits of this large protein complex using targeted RNA interference in post-mitotic memory-forming neurons of the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). Knockdown flies were tested for defects in MB morphology, short-term memory and long-term memory. Using this approach, we identified distinct roles for individual subunits of the Drosophila SWI/SNF complex. Bap60, Snr1 and E(y)3 are required for pruning of the MBγ neurons during pupal morphogenesis, while Brm and Osa are required for survival of MBγ axons during ageing. We used the courtship conditioning assay to test the effect of MB-specific SWI/SNF knockdown on short- and long-term memory. Several subunits, including Brm, Bap60, Snr1 and E(y)3, were required in the MB for both short- and long-term memory. In contrast, Osa knockdown only reduced long-term memory. Our results suggest that individual components of the SWI/SNF complex have different roles in the regulation of structural plasticity, survival and functionality of post-mitotic MB neurons. This study highlights the many possible processes that might be disrupted in SWI/SNF-related ID disorders. Our broad phenotypic characterization provides a starting point for understanding SWI/SNF-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms that are important for development and function of post-mitotic neurons.
Growth evaluation of several types of energy crops from tropical shrubs species
Authors: Susanto Dwi , Auliana Auliana , Amirta Rudianto 
Published: March 2019

Background:Few species of tropical shrubs potentially produce biomass to replace fossil fuels for heat production and electricity. The aims of this study were to determine the growth and nutrient status of leaves of several types of energy crops from tropical shrub species with NPK fertilizer application.Methods:Randomized block design was used with ten replications of four levels of fertilizer treatment: T0 = 40 g, T1 = 80 g, T2 = 120 g and T4 = 160 g per plant.Results:The results indicated that fertilization increased plant growth and the quantity of nutrients in leaves. The plants accumulated a lot of potassium, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The species of tropical shrubs with the best growth wereVernonia amygdalina,Calliandra calothyrsus and Gliricidia sepium,which are all potentially cultivated as sustainable energy crops.Conclusions:Serious attention must be paid to the availability of soil nutrients in order to sustain the cultivation of these plants.
The common patterns of abundance: the log series and Zipf's law
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: March 2019

In a language corpus, the probability that a word occurs n times is often proportional to 1/n2. Assigning rank, s, to words according to their abundance, log s vs log n typically has a slope of minus one. That simple Zipf's law pattern also arises in the population sizes of cities, the sizes of corporations, and other patterns of abundance. By contrast, for the abundances of different biological species, the probability of a population of size n is typically proportional to 1/n, declining exponentially for larger n, the log series pattern. This article shows that the differing patterns of Zipf's law and the log series arise as the opposing endpoints of a more general theory. The general theory follows from the generic form of all probability patterns as a consequence of conserved average values and the associated invariances of scale. To understand the common patterns of abundance, the generic form of probability distributions plus the conserved average abundance is sufficient. The general theory includes cases that are between the Zipf and log series endpoints, providing a broad framework for analyzing widely observed abundance patterns.
ZMIERZCH BILINGWIZMU I JEGO SKUTKI
Authors: Widła Halina 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this article is to show different approaches and trends in foreign language teaching in Polish schools over the last two decades. Emphasis will be placed on changing the skills and competencies needed to succeed to transition from the bilingual to the multilingualcitizen. European population is becoming more and more multicultural, with a growing diversity of cultures, races, values, and languages. The article also presents some examples of research with regard to attitudes and stereotypes. It is observable that this phenomenon exerts impact on the effective classroom management. Taking into account the new context of work in foreign language classrooms, the author focuses on strategies and key challenges encountered by teachers such as: differences in motivation or interests, individualization resulting from the biography of a language, cultural baggage, linguistic interference, and implementation of new technologies.
POLITYCZNA POPRAWNOŚĆ DYSKURSU EDUKACYJNEGO: NAUCZYCIEL JĘZYKA OBCEGO W PRZECIWDZIAŁANIU MOWIE NIENAWIŚCI
Authors: Lankiewicz Hadrian , Szczepaniak-Kozak Anna 
Published: March 2019

This paper presents an attempt to reconsider the concept of intercultural communication and related competences taking into account the fact that intercultural contacts may be motivated by racism and xenophobia. It is the outgrowth of the RADAR project (Regulating Anti-Discrimination and Anti-Racism) funded by the European Commission1. Here, we aim to apply its findings to the context of developing politically correct pedagogical discourse among prospective foreign language teachers. Ultimately, invoking the notion of critical ecological language awareness (Lankiewicz, 2015) and metalinguistic awareness (Karpińska-Musiał, 2015), we offer to supplement the intercultural component of teacher education with the element of critical linguistics, which may help would-be teachers, in the first place, to be more aware language users as such, not to commit verbal offences, and, in the long-run, to perform the role of transformative intellectuals (Kumaravadivelu, 2012), thus contributing to the quality of life in the globalization era.
KULTURA W PODRĘCZNIKACH DO NAUKI JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH JAKO CZYNNIK WPŁYWAJĄCY NA ROZWÓJ MIĘDZYKULTUROWEJ KOMPETENCJI KOMUNIKACYJNEJ
Authors: Piwowarczyk Anna Jadwiga 
Published: March 2019

Enriching the knowledge on culture seems to be a logical consequence of the development of intercultural communication competence. The aim of this article is to evaluate cultural content embedded in selected textbooks used in foreign language courses. The textbooks were analysed by means of a questionnaire based on Hofstede model and CEF guidelines.
Bioactivity of a sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite coating on titanium implants in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Suwanprateeb Jintamai , Suvannapruk Waraporn , Chokevivat Watchara , Kiertkrittikhoon Siripong , Jaruwangsanti Nara , Tienboon Prakit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Hydroxyapatite is widely used as a coating on metallic implants to promote bioactivity. The coating is typically produced using a high temperature, resulting in phase heterogeneity and coating delamination, which may lead to failure of the coating clinically. Development of a simple and low-temperature hydroxyapatite coating technique may improve the bone bonding ability of implants.

Objectives
To investigate responses to hydroxyapatite-coated titanium produced by a newly developed sol–gel by osteoblasts in vitro and bone in vivo.

Methods
Osteoblast proliferation was characterized using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and cell calcification with an Alizarin red S assay, and the results were compared with those of uncoated titanium. Uncoated and coated screws were inserted into the trabecular bone of New Zealand white rabbit legs. These implants were evaluated mechanically and histologically after 7, 12, and 24 weeks.

Results
Hydroxyapatite-coated titanium showed a significantly greater cell proliferation and mineralization than uncoated titanium. Extraction torques for the coated screws increased with time of implantation and were significantly greater than those of uncoated screws. We observed bone fragments attached to the surface of all coated screws after removal, but none on uncoated screws. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained bone showed no active inflammatory responses to implantation at any time examined. Bone surrounding either uncoated or coated screws followed typical remodeling stages, but maturation of bone healing was faster with coated screws.

Conclusions
The sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite coating showed bioactivity, indicating its potential application as an alternative coating technique to improve the bone bonding ability of implants.
Anzeigenkennzeichnung auf Suchergebnisseiten
Authors: Lewandowski Dirk , Sünkler Sebastian , Hanisch Friederike 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Aufsatz stellen wir eine repräsentative Multimethodenstudie (bestehend aus Umfrage, aufgabenbasierter Nutzerstudie und OnlineExperiment) zum Wissen und Verhalten der deutschen Internetnutzer bezüglich der Anzeigen auf Google-Suchergebnisseiten vor. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Nutzenden nicht hinreichend in der Lage ist, Werbung von organischen Ergebnissen zu unterscheiden. Die aufgabenbasierte Studie zeigt, dass lediglich 1,3 Prozent der Teilnehmenden alle Anzeigen und organischen Ergebnisse richtig markieren konnten. 9,6 Prozent haben ausschließlich korrekte Markierungen vorgenommen, dabei aber keine Vollständigkeit erreicht. Aus den Ergebnissen der Umfrage geht hervor, dass es viele Unklarheiten gibt über das Geschäftsmodell von Google und die Art und Weise, wie Suchmaschinenwerbung funktioniert. Die Ergebnisse des Online-Experiments zeigen, dass Nutzende, die die Unterscheidung zwischen Anzeigen und organischen Ergebnissen nicht verstehen, etwa doppelt so häufig auf Anzeigen klicken wie diejenigen, die diese Unterscheidung verstehen. Implikationen für die Forschung ergeben sich in den Bereichen Wiederholungsstudien bzw. Monitoring der Anzeigendarstellung, vertiefende Laborstudien, Modelle des Informationsverhaltens, Informationskompetenz und Entwicklung fairer Suchmaschinen.
Das Relevance Assessment Tool
Authors: Lewandowski Dirk , Sünkler Sebastian 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel stellen wir eine Software vor, mit der sich Studien zu Such- und Informationssystemen realisieren lassen. Das Relevance Assessment Tool (RAT) soll umfangreiche Untersuchungen mit Daten von kommerziellen Suchmaschinen unterstützen. Die Software ist modular und webbasiert. Es lassen sich damit automatisiert Daten von Suchmaschinen erfassen. Dazu können Studien mit Fragen und Skalen flexibel gestaltet und die Informationsobjekte anhand der Fragen durch Juroren bewertet werden. Durch die Modularität lassen sich die einzelnen Komponenten für eine Vielzahl von Studien nutzen, die sich auf Web-Inhalte beziehen. So kann die Software auch für qualitative Inhaltsanalysen eingesetzt werden oder durch das automatisierte Scraping eine große Datenbasis an Web-Dokumenten liefern, die sich quantitativ in empirischen Studien analysieren lassen.
Ereignisdetektion in Trinkwassernetzen mittels PCA und DPCA
Authors: Kühnert Christian , Bernard Thomas 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Trinkwasserversorgungsnetze sind komplexe Systeme, welche zurzeit mit einer großen Anzahl von Wasserqualitätssensoren ausgestattet werden. Eine wichtige Aufgabe der Sensoren ist hierbei, die Betreiber des Wassernetzes über mögliche Kontaminationen im Netz zu informieren. Die Analyse der Sensorwerte erfolgt dazu normalerweise manuell über den Betreiber. Datenbasierte Methoden haben sich in der Praxis noch nicht bewährt, da diese unter anderem eine große Anzahl an falsch detektierten Alarmen auslösen, welche beispielsweise aufgrund betrieblicher Änderungen auftreten. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein Verfahren basierend auf der dynamischen PCA entwickelt, welches die Anzahl an Fehlalarmen reduziert, gleichzeitig aber weiterhin sensitiv bei tatsächlichen Kontaminationen reagiert. Der entwickelte Ansatz wird anhand von Experimenten an einem Laborprozess evaluiert.
Validierung von Softwareprogrammen für die Ermittlung der
Messunsicherheit
Authors: Greif Norbert , Schrepf Heike 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die seit Ende der 1990er Jahre entstandenen Softwareprogramme für
die Berechnung von Messunsicherheiten werden, obwohl selten
überprüft oder unabhängig getestet, in vielen Kalibrier-
und Prüflaboratorien eingesetzt. Auch die Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt (PTB), das nationale Metrologieinstitut Deutschlands,
setzt solche Programme ein, sofern ihre Konformität mit dem GUM
(Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement) nachgewiesen
wurde. Da die PTB sich als oberste nationale Instanz des richtigen und
zuverlässigen Messens in hohem Maße der korrekten Anwendung
des GUM verpflichtet fühlt, wurden Kompetenz und Prüftechnik
für eine unabhängige, systematische und vergleichende
Validierung dieser GUM-Programme aufgebaut. Die Prüfung von
unterschiedlichen Programmen in den letzten Jahren hat gezeigt, dass
diese Programme Mängel aufweisen können, die schwer zu
identifizieren sind, die Berechnungsergebnisse unsystematisch,
unauffällig oder nur sporadisch verfälschen und die bei kurzen
Tests vor dem Kauf nicht ohne weiteres entdeckt werden können. Aus
diesem Ergebnis lässt sich die Empfehlung ableiten, dass eine
systematische Validierung der GUM-Programme vor ihrer Inbetriebnahme
dringend anzuraten ist, falls die Ergebnisse im Rahmen z. B. des
Gesetzlichen Messwesens oder in vergleichbarem rechtlichen Rahmen
verwendet werden sollen.
Improving optical sorting of bulk materials using sophisticated motion models
Authors: Pfaff Florian , Pieper Christoph , Maier Georg , Noack Benjamin , Kruggel-Emden Harald , Gruna Robin , Hanebeck Uwe D. , Wirtz Siegmar , Scherer Viktor , Längle Thomas , Beyerer Jürgen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Visual properties are powerful features to reliably classify bulk
materials, thereby allowing to detect defect or low quality particles.
Optical belt sorters are an established technology to sort based on
these properties, but they suffer from delays between the simultaneous
classification and localization step and the subsequent separation
step. Therefore, accurate models to predict the particles' motions
are a necessity to bridge this gap. In this paper, we explicate our
concept to use sophisticated simulations to derive accurate models and
optimize the flow of bulk solids via adjustments of the sorter
design. This allows us to improve overall sorting accuracy and cost
efficiency. Lastly, initial results are presented.
Zur Statistik klassischer Gesamtheiten
Authors: Schlüter Arnulf 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Es wird zunächst das Phasenvolumen einer Gesamtheit als das von der Energiefläche im Phasenraum eingeschlossene Volumen und die Phasendichte als dessen Ableitung nach der Energie definiert. Auf Grund der Ergodenhypothese kann dann die Phasen-dichte der Gesamtheit als das Faltungsprodukt der Phasendichten der Einzelteilchen gewonnen werden, und diese können wieder, wenn die Energie der Teilchen separierbar ist, als Faltungsprodukte der den Energieanteilen zuzuordnenden "Phasendichten" dar-gestellt werden.
Für bestimmte, besonders wichtige Teilchensorten lassen sich diese Faltungen explizit durchführen. Für diese werden einige Verteilungsprobleme durchgerechnet-, insbesondere wird die exakte Gültigkeit des Äquipartitionstheorems nachgewiesen. Daraus und aus der isotropen Invarianz des Phasenvolumens folgt, daß die thermodynamischen Differentialgleichungen streng erfüllt werden, wenn die Entropie proportional dem Phasenvolumen und die Temperatur proportional zu dessen logarithmischer Ableitung gesetzt werden. Das gilt auch für Gesamtheiten aus beliebig wenigen Teilchen. Der Phasenraum E s sei ein System betrachtet, das den Gesetzen der klassischen Mechanik genügt; dabei stellen wir uns vor, daß dieses System aus vielen
The Power of Language in Indonesia’s Reformation
Authors: Muchariman Randi 
Published: March 2019

Indonesia’s Reformation in 1998 is a political change driven by the power of civil society and very much determined by the discourse in hegemonic struggle. One of the most influential intellectual ideas and leadership styles of reformation and civil society is suggested by Nurcholish Madjid. This article examines the twenty-year problems of Reformation in the view of Gramsci’s theory of hegemony by analyzing Nurcholish Madjid’s ideas. There is an intellectual imperialism which makes the national ideas embedded in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution unable to be developed to guide the national life due to the irrelevant social sciences. This article uses the approach of discourse analysis on Indonesian Preamble of the 1945 Constitution text. The explanation shows the possibilities and the expectations after twenty years of Reformation in Indonesia.
MOBİL BANKACILIKTA ALGILANAN DENEYİMSEL DEĞER VE DAVRANIŞSAL ETKİLERİ: NEVŞEHİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇOBAN Suzan , DEMİRHAN Mustafa 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, mobil bankacılıkta tüketicilerin algıladıkları deneyimsel değer boyutlarını tespit etmek ve bu deneyimsel değer boyutlarının mobil bankacılığa yönelik tatmin ve bağlılık üzerinde etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaçlarla geliştirilen anket formu, Nevşehir ilinde 390 mobil bankacılığı kullanan tüketicilere uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, doğrusal ve kademeli regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Faktör analizine göre, algılanan deneyimsel değer boyutları sırasıyla, fonksiyonel, duygusal, kişisel, güvence, düşünsel, sosyal ve duyusal değer olarak saptanmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre, deneyimsel değer boyutları tatmin ve bağlılığı etkilemektedir. Bu etkileşimde algılanan fonksiyonel, kişisel ve düşünsel (ekonomik) değer tatminin en önemli açıklayıcıları iken fonksiyonel ve kişisel değer bağlığın açıklayıcıları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bankacılık sektörünün finansal işlemler ile ilgili olması ve algılana risk nedenleri ile bu sonuçlar beklenen bir durumu yansıtmaktadır. Sonuç olarak mobil bankacılık sisteminde müşterileri, öncelikle fonksiyonel kişisel ve düşünsel (ekonomik) yönden tatmin etmek gerekmektedir.
SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE AKADEMİK ÖZ-YETERLİK ARAŞTIRMASI
Authors: YORULMAZ Mehmet 
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Bu araştırma sağlık yönetimi bölümü öğrencilerinin akademik öz-yeterlik düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmada “Akademik Öz-yeterlik Ölçeği” ve “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Sağlık Yönetimi öğrencileri (n=600) oluşturmaktadır. Evrendeki tüm öğrencilere anket elektronik ortamda gönderilmiş ve 237 anket geri dönüşü olmuştur. Araştırmada veriler SPSS 22.0 programı ile analiz edildi. Normallik testi sonucunda analizlerde parametrik olmayan test tekniklerinden faydalanıldı. Buna göre ikili karşılaştırmalarda Mann-Whitney U, ikiden fazla grup karşılaştırmalarında Kruskal-Wallis H testi kullanıldı. Ayrıca hem genel hem de boyutlar arasında korelasyon ile basit doğrusal ve çoklu regresyon analizleri yapıldı. Ölçeğin Cronbach’salpha değeri 0,953 olarak çok güvenilir bulunmuştur.
Bulgular: Bu araştırmada öğrencilerin akademik öz yeterlilik düzeyleri ile öğretim türü, cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf, ekonomik durum gibi değişkenler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaklaşık %70’ini bayan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. İkinci sınıf öğrencilerin katılım düzeyi diğer sınıflara göre daha yüksektir. İlköğretim mezunu annelerin oranı ilköğretim mezunu babaların oranından daha yüksektir. Lisans mezunu babaların oranı annelerin oranından çok daha yüksektir. Katılımcıların ¼’ünün hane halkı geliri 3600 TL’nin üzerindedir. Akademik öz-yeterlik ve alt boyutları, sınıf düzeyine göre farklılık gösterirken cinsiyete ve ebeveyn eğitim durumuna göre farklılık göstermemektedir. Akademik öz-yeterlik ve alt boyutları öğrencilerin sınıf düzeylerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterirken ebeveyn (baba) eğitim durumuna göre farklılık göstermemektedir. Akademik öz-yeterlik ve alt boyutları, öğrencilerin sınıfları ve aylık ortalama gelir durumuna göre farklılık göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular neticesinde akademik çaba ve akademik planlamanın, akademik sorunlarla başa çıkmayı etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Effect of climate changes on the soil freezing depth in the Volga River basin
Authors: Kalyuzhny I. L. , Lavrov S. A. 
Published: March 2019

It is established that the climate warming leads to decrease in depth of soil freezing in the whole area basin of the River Volga. This effect is observed since 1978. Depths of soil freezing averaged over the whole basin decreased relative to values measured during the period of stable climate conditions by 34 cm, i.e. from 92 up to 58 cm, or by 37%. In the Northern part of the basin, the depths have decreased by 49%, in the Western, Eastern, and Southern areas – 39, 24 and 38%, respectively. The spatial variability of the depths is estimated by the example of the river Vyatka, the large tributary of the Volga with area of 124 000 km2 and the site «Log Usadjevsky» with area of 2.0 km2 (a part of experimental polygon of the Valdai waterbalance station). It is shown that the coefficient of variation of the freezing depth decreases when the depth increases. When the depth becomes smaller 60 cm plots of thawed soil appear that significantly increases the infiltration ability of the basin. The technique of estimating the soil freezing depth under change of climate characteristics is proposed.