bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la signification au sens dans le travail analytique et les rêves
Authors: Despinoy Maurice 
Published: September 2019

From signification to meaning in psychoanalysis and dreams
The mutations we observe during psychotherapy and after some dreams may be considered as thought processes leading from signification to meaning . According to D. Meltzer, signification is a form of representation devoid of affective and sensorial basis. Meaning is the result of the process of alpha function which begins with affects and sensations. Child psychopathology shows that experience may produce signification without meaning. During psycho-analysis, with the help of an external, transferential object, these defences are modified and affect may be taken into account. During dreams, conflicts are re-enacted, and affects linked with drives threaten the defences. This mental progress towards meaning may also be found in the creative work of poets.
Le don des mots
Authors: Tran Van Khai Michelle 
Published: September 2019

The Gift of Words
In this short paper concerning the translation of poetry, I deliberately chose to adopt a non-technical approach, leaving aside all grammatical, linguistic or stylistic considerations. My purpose is to address the question of the complex, partly unconscious relationship with the mother-tongue AND the foreign tongue. By first seeking in the foreign tongue a new mother tongue, / can finally, in the best of cases, give words -names -to the reader, opening to him a boundless space of reunion with the “forgotten”, magical time when words created his or her universe.
L’un et l’autre : Hopkins en français
Authors: Jacquin Danielle 
Published: September 2019

The one and the other : Hopkins in French
Translating poetry is no easy matter, and translating Hopkins into French sounds preposterous. How will the translator cope with ‘sprung rhythm’, the contrasting Saxon and Latin features of the language, the concision of a syntax benefiting from the use of monosyllabic words, the poetical English tradition which provides counterpoints to the poet’s personal choices ?
Our analysis of three poems translated or rather re-created by P. Leyris and J. Mambrino proposes to highlight the interrelation of the constitutive elements of a text, the role of equivalence in the process of translation, and pays homage to the translators who do not turn gold into lead.
Traductologie et poésie : Emily Dickinson entre la dérive des règles et les règles de la dérive
Authors: Davoust André 
Published: September 2019

Traductology and Poetry : How to Address Emily Dickinson’s Rule-breaking Rules
Poetry is a vantage point from which to probe the various parameters at stake in translation, particularly when poems are short and considered as part of a whole.
If due regard is paid to what has been called in French the “significance” of the original poem, the new poem that emerges often appears as the upshot of a double awakening. On the one hand, the target tongue has opened up through awareness of its limits, and on the other, the source-poem has been born anew through re-activation of its “Still -Volcano-Life”.
If there ever was a poet requiring a translation strategy, a sort of listening-in, Emily Dickinson is that one.
The Memoirs of a Survivor de Doris Lessing. Le récit passe-muraille
Authors: Murat Jean-Christophe 
Published: September 2019

Doris Lessing’s The Memoirs of a Survivor : through the Walls of Representation
This paper aims at defining the nature of Memoirs of a Survivor as a fictional narrative. Through its formal structure and mode of writing, Lessing’s novel encroaches upon a certain number of literary traditions and conventions of discourse. The title (“ through the walls of representation”) refers to the plot of the book of course, but also (and to a greater extent ) to the notion of hybridization, as well as to that of threshold. Playing upon its very title, Memoirs of a Survivor places itself on the borderline between novelistic narrative and historical chronicle, thus questioning the validity, or at least the “scientificity” of some historiographical devices. Secondly, the particular relationship between the two rival universes of the novel calls for a development on the concept of heterotopia. This concept seems to constitute both the basis and the “ ideological ” outcome of the book : the somewhat unexpected combination of a religious stance (millenarianism and experience of the sublime - which Lyotard might see as a “postmodern” occurrence) and of a typically postmodernist practice (derepresentation).
Rites de passage dans The Child in Time de Ian McEwan
Authors: Reynier Christine 
Published: September 2019

Rites of Passage in Ian McEwan’s The Child in Time
In The Child in Time, Stephen experiences death in life when his daughter is kidnapped. This article attempts to read his ordeal as a rite of passage. Indeed, after the experience of loss come a long period of mourning, a regression and a symbolic death, all of which are necessary preambles to a progression and rebirth of the character. Furthermore, Stephen’s experience as a father is matched by his experience as a writer. And as a counterpoint to Stephen’s grief, the author depicts Charles Darke’s experience. Two plots, which are apparently loosely connected, read as inverted images of each other. In this novel, McEwan deals with the themes of childhood and time in a way which is both reminiscent of his former works and new - so much so that the novel can be regarded as a rite of passage for the writer himself.
Les paradoxes du narrateur
Authors: Audigier Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2019

The Paradoxical Narrator
The explicit narrator is commonly held as a straightforward strategy, which only a limited number of particularly weird authors strive to render dysfunctional. The ensuing pages wish to make it clear that any explicit narrator is dysfunctional. His is a paradoxical nature, which stems from the specific kind of speech act the explicit narrator is involved in. Although the theory of pragmatics underlies such a view, the lesson is mainly drawn from a reading of the texts themselves. The average contemporary novel (as seen through works of Ronan, Carey, Thubron, Banville or Ishiguro) actually and consistently tells the fateful story of the narrator.
A tout prix : roman contemporain et prix littéraires en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Cachin Marie-Françoise 
Published: September 2019

Au cours des 25 dernières années, les prix littéraires se sont multipliés en Grande-Bretagne et leur importance est aujourd’hui considérable.
Après avoir brièvement retracé leur histoire, cet article montre en quoi leur fonctionnement est sensiblement différent de celui des prix littéraires français et pourquoi le Booker Prize for Fiction, créé en 1969, est devenu l’événement médiatique de la saison littéraire.
La délicate question de l’influence des prix littéraires sur la création romanesque britannique est ensuite abordée, en faisant appel aux témoignages des écrivains eux-mêmes et à la critique pour aboutir à la conclusion que les prix littéraires en Grande-Bretagne ont indéniablement contribué à promouvoir de jeunes et remarquables romanciers anglais ou originaires des pays du Commonwealth.
Les vestiges du jour : du roman de Kashuo Ishiguro au film de James Ivory
Authors: Gilbert Bernard 
Published: September 2019

The Remains of the Day : from Kazuo Ishiguro's novel to James Ivory's film
In the unavoidable choices of the script, legitimate qualifications can be made. The narrative, by unduly shortening the time frame, induces a certain number of arguable consequences : History is dramatised and melodrama prevails upon the book’s elliptic allusions, the tempo is accelerated at the expense of psychological and historical truth, the balance is broken that existed between the Pre War Paradise Lost and the Post War Time Regained. Above all Stevens is deprived of his narrator’s monopoly, he must share with a full-size feminine partner. Finally one could object to an overriding aestheticism, visualising for the spectator what the reader felt free to create for himself.
But Ivory’s vulgarisation is never vulgar. At the service of a desire to harmonize distanciation and identification, the choice of the cast -by its intrinsic value and intertextual subtlety -proposes a seductive transfiguration. Sophisticated and elegant The Remains of the Day makes the spectator eager to read Ishiguro and discover for himself the loving relationship of Ivory with this very pregnant book.
Des adjectifs en (Nom + ed) en anglais
Authors: Charreyre Claude 
Published: September 2019

Of (Noun + ed) adjectives in English.
The aspectual <-ed> morpheme can be used in English to form denominal attributive or predicative adjectives. These can be single words or compounds with various kinds of elements in initial position. Adopting the claims of a. Culioli’s Théorie des Opérations Enonciatives applied to a corpus of contemporary examples, this article will argue that this type of qualification is governed by rules based on the énonciateur’ s perception of the object represented. The existence of this percept accounts for the unacceptability of certain forms, and for the use of an initial <-ly> adverb instead of an adjective. When measurable quantity is referred to in initial position <-ed> may be deleted in attributive constructions as quantity then implies “ shared knowledge” rather than an individual act of perception. The part played by context is also explored, as context too may lead to anaphoric use of ø instead of <-ed> in attributive position.
Les rues de Londres, “salon des misérables”
Authors: Barret-Ducrocq Françoise 
Published: September 2019

London streets , or "the Poor's Living Room”
The expression was coined by Jules Vallès, who was struck by the sight of such a large city as London during the second half of the 19th century -in the full swing of the phenomenon of urbanisation. The process emphasizes the contrast between rich and poor districts. At a time when a new sense of decency assigns to privacy most of the natural functions of human life on ethical and hygienic grounds, the street remains the scene of wildly swarming life, in the destitute urban areas ; this hurts the sensibility of the wealthy who try to evade its disorder, its hubbub, and its pollutions.But for the poor the street nevertheless remains a well-charted and familiar place - ideal for exchanges, encounters, work, and amusement.
La rue dans la conception américaine du cadre de vie : les idéologies du XIXe siècle
Authors: Ghorra-Gobin Cynthia 
Published: September 2019

The Street in the American Conception of the City The XIXth century ideologies
As Americans were trying to cope with industrialization, immigration and urbanization, they also became increasingly aware that they were an ethnically and culturally diverse people. The street was then perceived as a mirror of their social diversity and many intellectuals believed that if everyone shared the values embodied in the "home", specific political, economic and social problems would resolve themselves. This analysis has as an objective to explain the contrast between the street in a suburban environment and the street in an ethnic neighborhood.
The Streets in Recent Latino Testimonial Writing
Authors: Bruce-Novoa Juan 
Published: September 2019

Les rues des barrios dans quelques écrits testimoniaux latino
Depuis une dizaine d'années, les écrits testimoniaux ont pris une importance considérable dans la littérature chicano. Parmi les mémoires récemment publiés on peut citer Always Running, La Vida Loca, Gang Days in L.A. de Luis Rodriguez, Hoyt Street, une autobiographie de Mary Helen Ponce, Days of Obligation de Richard Rodriguez et Memory Fever de Ray Gonzalez. Dans chacun de ces récits, une représentation explicite ou implicite de l'espace public permet à l'auteur de mettre en scène sa configuration. Chaque auteur choisit pour situer son action des lieux spécifiques. Pourtant la question se pose de savoir si dans les textes étudiés ces particularisations permettent de dégager les caractéristiques plus générales de la vie dans les barrios.
L’imaginaire féminin à la croisée des rues
Authors: Datchi Corinne C. 
Published: September 2019

The Feminine Imagination at the Crossroads
Only a minute examination of Latina literature enables us to dig up images of the streets and the barrios. This observation incites us to reflect on the scarce representation of urban landscapes in feminine writing. One must read between the lines to catch a glimpse of the semiotic and symbolic networks that relate the indoor and outdoor worlds. The social and cultural dynamics of these spaces respond to laws which sometimes affect the construction of identities in a prejudicial way. The goal of feminine writing is to prepare women's entry onto the urban scene. The presence of the latter in the street is not immediately necessary ; Latina writers prefer working in the "borderlands" between the private and public realms, from where they can modify topological plans and identities.
Nonoalco-Tlatelolco : images d’un quartier détruit dans l’œuvre de Fernando del Paso
Authors: Plâa Monique 
Published: September 2019

Images of a Destroyed Neighborhood in Fernando del Paso’s Work
Most of the action of del Paso’s novel José Trigo (1966) takes place in the Nonoalco-Tlatelolco neighborhood. This old part of the center of Mexico City was entirely renovated in the early 1960s. This is where between the end of 1958 and the beginning of I960 railroad men organized a powerful strike which was crushed by the use of force. The novel is thus firmly rooted in reality. However del Paso’s writing goes beyond the technique of conventional realism, as its focus is rather on the concepts of Mexican space and time. The paper attempts to show how the history of this vanished neighborhood becomes a symbolic place for the emergence of an art of writing which from the first novel marks Fernando del Paso's entire work.
Les relations entre l'exécutif et les partis politiques en France et en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Machin Howard 
Published: September 2019

The relationships between the executive and political parties in France and Great Britain
Although the French Constitution of 1958 was explicitly inspired from the British example, the relationship between government and parties in France is clearly different from what it is in the United Kingdom. The French situation, as it has emerged from the provisions in the Constitution and from their initial implementation under General de Gaulle's presidency, must have borne the marks of the latter's old prevention against political parties, but the Constitution has survived the departure and death of the founder of the Fifth Republic. It has even revealed unexpected aspects of its resilience during two periods of «cohabitation». Viewed from across the Channel, the coexistence of two French executives may seem strange. The comparison with British practice casts new light on the working of both French and British political institutions.
Les archives, traces de vie, source d’histoire : l’exemple des dossiers de l’Hôpital des Enfants-Trouvés à Londres
Authors: Barret-Ducrocq Françoise 
Published: September 2019

Archives as traces of life and sources of history : the case of the London foundling Hospital
Only a short time ago the representation of the Victorians' code of sexual mores proposed by specialists was the result of ignorance and of more or less voluntary transformations of the past. For a long time there was no access to genuine evidence coming from the popular classes of the time. The opening to researchers of the Coram Foundation archives has radically upset the situation and brought a new quality in social research. This Foundation has kept all the petitions for admission introduced by single women since the XVIIIth century. The files include each woman’s personal testimony together with the results of the systematic inquiries conducted by the Foundling Hospital's administration which help to corroborate the verisimilitude of individual narratives. The historian still had to transform the document into an element of observation fit to «serve memory».
Access to Archives in the United Kingdom
Authors: Forde Helen 
Published: September 2019

L’accès aux archives en Grande-Bretagne.
La qualité et la quantité des archives détenues dans les îles Britanniques n'a pas d'équivalent au monde, à l'exception du Vatican. La collecte et le stockage des archives ne se sont jamais interrompus depuis le Domesday Book de 1086. Le Public Record Office est l'agence centrale principale pour la collecte d'archives et elle entretient des liens avec les autres bureaux d'archives. L'existence de plusieurs lieux de stockage publics et privés a nécessité la création de plusieurs outils de recherche et d'accès comme le National Register of Archives ou le Guide to Archive Resources in the United Kingdom. Les archives du Public Record Office sont accessibles à tous sous réserve de pouvoir justifier de son identité. La seule limitation d'accès est la règle des trente ans qui a été adoptée partout dans le monde. Avec plus de 165 000 visiteurs par an dans leurs salles de lecture et la communication de plus de 635 000 pièces d'archives, les archives britanniques ne donnent aucun signe de mettre bientôt la clé sous la porte.
L’accès aux archives en France
Authors: Duchein Michel 
Published: September 2019

Access to archives in France.
Access to archives obeys several principles which are sometimes difficult to reconcile : freedom of access, gratuity, equality of all citizens concerning the communication of records. Numerous restrictions, and notably a fifty year delay, were introduced in the XIXth century. The law of 17 July 1978 has enacted the communication of all administrative documents to every person on demand. A thirty year delay was introduced by the law of 3 January 1979 for all documents with the exception of a few precisely defined categories. Notwithstanding these precautions, it’s sometimes difficult to set the limits of privacy that are much more frequently quoted than the superior interest of national defence or of public security. Access to French archives is easy but it is necessary to obtain a special permission in the case of certain categories of documents to which law does not grant free access. This permission is most of the time granted to scholars. In France public archives represent some 1,200 km and grow by 50 km every year.
L’enseignement secondaire en France et en Grande-Bretagne : deux traditions distinctes
Authors: Barret-Ducrocq Françoise 
Published: September 2019

Secondary education in France and in England : Two distinct traditions.
The French and the English systems of secondary education are deeply different from each other in almost every respect. Their organisation, as well as the spirit of the education given to the children, reflect fundamental differences in the national historical and cultural heritages which the two systems contribute to comfort. The French system is characterized by the preponderance, both in terms of numbers and of quality, of the public sector over the private sector, and by complete centralization. On the contrary, the English system gives precedence to a small number of private institutions that are in charge of the training of most elites and it is extremely decentralized. The current trend towards some degree of decentralization in France, and the setting up of an English «national curriculum» have somewhat gone towards a slight reduction of the differences between two systems which are both facing the dramatic consequences of mass education against the current social and demographic background.
Le défi de l’innovation dans l’enseignement secondaire français
Authors: Laderriere Pierre 
Published: September 2019

The challenge for innovation in French secondary education.
Innovation policy consists in the permanent adaptation capability of the educational system and of its various components to the shifting needs of the individual and of society. The necessary harmonization between initial and continued training demands more flexibility in the contents, methods and structures. France is suffering from the lack of coordination between its assessment organisations and from the near total absence of an innovation policy. The budget for education research is ridiculous. For want of intermediate structures, such as managerial teams specialized in a given subject or working on interdepartmental approaches, there is no real follow up of the teachers ’ individual pedagogical work. The nature and structure of the French teaching staff, its civil service status, the definition of work obligations, the refusal to teach two subjects, all these aspects represent at best a brake, at worst an obstacle for innovation. The solution is therefore more in the shape of an exercise in political science than in didactics.
Heurs et malheurs dans la Virginie coloniale
Authors: Marienstras Élise 
Published: September 2019

Fortunes and Misfortunes in Colonial Virginia.
As soon as colonization and History were introduced into the New World, Virginia (or in other words America) ceased to be viewed as the Land of Canaan which owed its promise of universal happiness to Nature or to God. The private writings of colonial and early planters exhibit a wide variety of events and feelings, wherein pleasure and hardship, public or private, are intertwined and unequally distributed. In contrast to the earlier holistic dream, America soon became the seat of a hierarchical society, where the public and private spheres promptly separated. With the creation of the republic, it fell to political institutions, as mediators between the two spheres, to take charge of "public good", which was more and more conceived as the sum of the private interests. The nation was then responsible for guaranteeing the citizens’ right to the pursuit of happiness.
La femme cheyenne au XIXe siècle
Authors: Pepin Véronique 
Published: September 2019

The Cheyenne Woman in the Nineteenth Century.
The Cheyennes were a hunting and gathering nomadic people, who moved from the Great Lakes region to the Northern Great Plains, where they became equestrian bujfalo hunters at the end of the XVIIIth century. Their social organization was strictly divided between the men, hunting and protecting the tribe, and the women, in charge of the welfare of the household. Even after they turned to the buffalo culture, the Cheyennes remained a matrilineal and matrilocal tribe, which held women in high regard for they were the mothers of the people. That status was degraded when the Whites introduced new goods, and therefore new needs, to the Cheyennes : the demand for industrial items grew so much during the XIXth century that the women worked most of their time producing goods for trade, becoming therefore more and more considered as a labor force. The wars with the US Army also influenced tribal organization through the growing influence of the warriors. But the process which was transforming a uterine society into an agnatic one was stopped by the surrender of the tribe and the reservation system.
Helen Hardin : l’aliénation d’une mixed blood
Authors: Baldit Catherine 
Published: September 2019

Helen Hardin : Alienation of a Mixed-Blood Artist.
In the realm of American Indian art in the United States, Helen Hardin (1943-1984), a painter of Pueblo and Anglo ancestry, holds an important place. Her acrylics on hard board convey her desire to be acknowledged as an Indian although she was rejected by the Santa Clara community all her life. Torn between two languages and two cultures, she struggled to define her identity.
Art being her only refuge, she intertwined imaginary kachinas, ancient Pueblo pottery motifs, and geometric forms in her paintings in order to create a spiritual world of her own, thus securing a link with the cultural heritage that she was excluded from.
This article explains the causes of her exclusion by the Pueblo community and shows that her art helped her finally to reach a certain serenity as a mixed-blood Indian.