bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact low radar cross‐section microstrip patch antenna using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Tütüncü Bilal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new approach for in‐band radar cross section (RCS) reduction of microstrip patch antenna with preserved radiation features is presented. This aim is achieved by the application of highly absorbing unit cells optimized by particle swarm optimization around the radiating patch of the reference antenna. More than 10 dB in‐band RCS reduction is observed from 2.5 GHz to 3 GHz for both x‐ and y‐polarizations with a −26.4 dB maximum RCS reduction at 2.8 GHz, according to measurement results. A close agreement between the measured and the simulated results shows that the proposed absorbing unit cell is a good candidate to enhance antenna in‐band stealth performance. In addition, with a comparative table, it has been shown that the proposed antenna has much lower in‐band RCS and is more compact than the other antennas proposed in previous literature. The basic benefit of this study is to achieve maximum in‐band RCS reduction, especially at the exact desired frequency without long‐term simulations and time‐consuming design studies.
Oxygen tension modulates extracellular vesicles and its miRNA contents in bovine embryo culture medium
Authors: Andrade Gabriella Mamede , Bomfim Monalisa Medrado , del Collado Maite , Meirelles Flávio Vieira , Perecin Felipe , da Silveira Juliano Coelho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe biotechnology for in vitro embryo production is becoming increasingly popular, being applied to humans and domestic animals. Embryo development can be achieved with either 20% or 5% oxygen tension. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by different cell types and carry bioactive materials. Our objective was to determine the secretion pattern and micro RNA (miRNA) contents of EVs released in the bovine embryo culture environment—embryo and cumulus cell monolayer—on Days 3 and 7 of in vitro culture under two different oxygen tensions: High (20%) and low (5%). The EVs were isolated from the medium and analyzed to determine size, concentration, and miRNA levels. EVs concentration in low oxygen tension increased on Day 3 and decreased on Day 7. Additionally, altered EV miRNAs derived from the embryo‐cumulus culture medium were predicted to regulate survival and proliferation‐related pathways on Days 3 and 7. Moreover, miR‐210 levels decreased in EVs isolated from the culture medium under high oxygen tension suggesting that this miRNA can be used as a marker for normoxia since it is associated with low oxygen tension. In summary, this study provides knowledge of the oxygen tension effects on EVs release and content, and potentially, on cell‐to‐cell communication during in vitro bovine embryo production.
SIMP‐ALL: A generalized SIMP method based on the topological derivative concept
Authors: Ferrer A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryTopology optimization has emerged in the last years as a promising research field with a wide range of applications. One of the most successful approaches, the SIMP method, is based on regularizing the problem and proposing a penalization interpolation function. In this work, we propose an alternative interpolation function, the SIMP‐ALL method that is based on the topological derivative concept. First, we show the strong relation in plane linear elasticity between the Hashin‐Shtrikman (H‐S) bounds and the topological derivative, providing a new interpretation of the last one. Then, we show that the SIMP‐ALL interpolation remains always in between the H‐S bounds regardless the materials to be interpolated. This result allows us to interpret intermediate values as real microstructures. Finally, we verify numerically this result and we show the convenience of the proposed SIMP‐ALL interpolation for obtaining auto‐penalized optimal design in a wider range of cases. A MATLAB code of the SIMP‐ALL interpolation function is also provided.
Enabling immersive engagement in energy system models with deep learning
Authors: Bugbee Bruce , Bush Brian W. , Gruchalla Kenny , Potter Kristin , Brunhart‐Lupo Nicholas , Krishnan Venkat 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComplex ensembles of energy simulation models have become significant components of renewable energy research in recent years. Often the significant computational cost, high‐dimensional structure, and other complexities hinder researchers from fully utilizing these data sources for knowledge building. Researchers at National Renewable Energy Laboratory have developed an immersive visualization workflow to dramatically improve user engagement and analysis capability through a combination of low‐dimensional structure analysis, deep learning, and custom visualization methods. We present case studies for two energy simulation platforms.
Aneuploidy in yeast: Segregation error or adaptation mechanism?
Authors: Gilchrist Ciaran , Stelkens Rike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAneuploidy is the loss or gain of chromosomes within a genome. It is often detrimental and has been associated with cell death and genetic disorders. However, aneuploidy can also be beneficial and provide a quick solution through changes in gene dosage when cells face environmental stress. Here, we review the prevalence of aneuploidy inSaccharomyces,Candida, andCryptococcusyeasts (and their hybrid offspring) and analyse associations with chromosome size and specific stressors. We discuss how aneuploidy, a segregation error, may in fact provide a natural route for the diversification of microbes and enable important evolutionary innovations given the right ecological circumstances, such as the colonisation of new environments or the transition from commensal to pathogenic lifestyle. We also draw attention to a largely unstudied cross link between hybridisation and aneuploidy. Hybrid meiosis, involving two divergent genomes, can lead to drastically increased rates of aneuploidy in the offspring due to antirecombination and chromosomal missegregation. Because hybridisation and aneuploidy have both been shown to increase with environmental stress, we believe it important and timely to start exploring the evolutionary significance of their co‐occurrence.
Transcriptome and Regulatory Network Analyses of CD19-CAR-T Immunotherapy for B-ALL
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Hu Hui , Chen Si-Yi , Liu Chun-Jie , Hu Fei-Fei , Yu Jianming , Wu Yaohui , Guo An-Yuan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has exhibited dramatic anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, we reported the transcriptome profiles of bone marrow cells in four B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients before and after CD19-specific CAR-T therapy. CD19-CAR-T therapy remarkably reduced the number of leukemia cells, and three patients achieved bone marrow remission (minimal residual disease negative). The efficacy of CD19-CAR-T therapy on B-ALL was positively correlated with the abundance of CAR and immune cell subpopulations, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, in the bone marrow. Additionally, CD19-CAR-T therapy mainly influenced the expression of genes linked to cell cycle and immune response pathways, including the NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways. The regulatory network analyses revealed that microRNAs (e.g., miR-148a-3p and miR-375), acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, could regulate the crosstalk between the genes encoding transcription factors (TFs; e.g., JUN and FOS) and histones (e.g., HIST1H4A and HIST2H4A) involved in CD19-CAR-T therapy. Furthermore, many long non-coding RNAs showed a high degree of co-expression with TFs or histones (e.g., FOS and HIST1H4B) and were associated with immune processes. These transcriptome analyses provided important clues for further understanding the gene expression and related mechanisms underlying the efficacy of CAR-T immunotherapy.
An Occupational Health Survey of British Mountain Guides Operating Internationally
Authors: Harkensee Christian , Hillebrandt David 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Professional mountain guides face significant occupational health risks, including injuries, accidents, environmental exposures, chronic musculoskeletal strain, and psychological stressors. This study aims to investigate these risks and their impact on the quality of life of a group of international British mountain guides. Methods This self-reported online survey included demographics; acute and chronic occupational conditions; and questions on general health, lifestyle, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and quality of life based on the World Health Organization quality of life [WHOQOL-BREF] questionnaire. Results Responses were received from 67 (32%) of the approached guides. Knee pain (75%), back and neck pain (62%), hand/upper extremity problems (51%), and lower limb injuries (49%) were the most commonly reported individual occupational health problems. Chronic eye problems were reported by 8%, and 5% reported skin cancer. Twenty-nine percent were on regular medications, which were mainly analgesics for chronic musculoskeletal complaints. Mountain guides have a healthy lifestyle, with lower rates of being overweight/obese, alcohol consumption, and smoking than the average UK population. Fourteen (61%) of the 23 guides responding to the PTSD questions reported experiencing life-threatening traumatic incidents, and 4 (25%) of this subgroup appear to have had some symptoms of PTSD. The quality of life assessment showed that the studied mountain guides have a high quality of life. Conclusions Musculoskeletal problems are the main occupational health problems experienced by the study group. New findings include a low but important prevalence of ultraviolet radiation–associated conditions. One in 3 guides have experienced significant psychological trauma, and one quarter of these had symptoms of PTSD.
Supervisor behavior and character: A simulation study of employee helpfulness
Authors: Francis Clare , Hollingworth David , Valentine Sean 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSupervisor character and behavior are key components of an organization's ethical fabric that should play a role in employee helping behavior. However, research has not fully distinguished how these factors are interrelated. The current study explores these relationships by developing a deeper understanding of ethical language in organizations via thick ethical concepts found in simulation software, supported by affect control theory. Software formulae in these simulations were developed via empirical research conducted over several decades. Simulations provided predictions of employee helpfulness in response to encounters with supervisors of varying ethical characters, enacting a variety of behaviors. The likely impact of supervisor character on employee helpfulness is more substantial than the impact of supervisor behavior. New insights emerged related to underlying complexities of ethical languages, such as the role of cultural meanings of language terms. These outcomes, as well as the associated implications, research limitations, and suggestions for future research, are discussed.
Reconstructing directed graphs from generalized gauge actions on their Toeplitz algebras
Authors: Brownlowe Nathan , Laca Marcelo , Robertson Dave , Sims Aidan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe show how to reconstruct a finite directed graph E from its Toeplitz algebra, its gauge action, and the canonical finite-dimensional abelian subalgebra generated by the vertex projections. We also show that if E has no sinks, then we can recover E from its Toeplitz algebra and the generalized gauge action that has, for each vertex, an independent copy of the circle acting on the generators corresponding to edges emanating from that vertex. We show by example that it is not possible to recover E from its Toeplitz algebra and gauge action alone.
Entamoeba chiangraiensisn. sp. (Amoebozoa: Entamoebidae) isolated from the gut of Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) in northern Thailand
Authors: Jinatham Vasana , Popluechai Siam , Clark C. Graham , Gentekaki Eleni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe genusEntamoebacomprises mostly gut parasites and commensals of invertebrate and vertebrate animals including humans. Herein, we report a new species ofEntamoebaisolated from the gut of Asian swamp eels (Monopterus albus) in northern Thailand. Morphologically, the trophozoite is elongated and has a single prominent pseudopodium with no clear uroid. The trophozoite is actively motile, 30–50µm in length and 9–13µm in width. Observed cysts were uninucleate, ranging in size from 10 to 17.5µm in diameter. Chromatin forms a fine, even lining along the inner nuclear membrane. Fine radial spokes join the karyosome to peripheral chromatin. Size, host and nucleus morphology set our organism apart from other members of the genus reported from fish. The SSU rRNA gene sequences of the new isolates are the first molecular data of anEntamoebaspecies from fish. Phylogenetic analysis places the new organism as sister toEntamoeba invadens. Based on the distinct morphology and SSU rRNA gene sequence we describe it as a new species,Entamoeba chiangraiensis.
Development of CRISPR-Cas systems for genome editing and beyond
Authors: Zhang F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of clustered regularly interspaced short-palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas systems for genome editing has transformed the way life science research is conducted and holds enormous potential for the treatment of disease as well as for many aspects of biotechnology. Here, I provide a personal perspective on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 for genome editing within the broader context of the field and discuss our work to discover novel Cas effectors and develop them into additional molecular tools. The initial demonstration of Cas9-mediated genome editing launched the development of many other technologies, enabled new lines of biological inquiry, and motivated a deeper examination of natural CRISPR-Cas systems, including the discovery of new types of CRISPR-Cas systems. These new discoveries in turn spurred further technological developments. I review these exciting discoveries and technologies as well as provide an overview of the broad array of applications of these technologies in basic research and in the improvement of human health. It is clear that we are only just beginning to unravel the potential within microbial diversity, and it is quite likely that we will continue to discover other exciting phenomena, some of which it may be possible to repurpose as molecular technologies. The transformation of mysterious natural phenomena to powerful tools, however, takes a collective effort to discover, characterize, and engineer them, and it has been a privilege to join the numerous researchers who have contributed to this transformation of CRISPR-Cas systems.
Robust Hybrid Fractional Order Proportional Derivative Sliding Mode Controller for Robot Manipulator Based on Extended Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Komijani Hossein , Masoumnezhad Mojtaba , Zanjireh Morteza Mohammadi , Mir Mahdi 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThis paper presents a novel robust hybrid fractional order proportional derivative sliding mode controller (HFOPDSMC) for 2-degree of freedom (2-DOF) robot manipulator based on extended grey wolf optimizer (EGWO). Sliding mode controller (SMC) is remarkably robust against the uncertainties and external disturbances and shows the valuable properties of accuracy. In this paper, a new fractional order sliding surface (FOSS) is defined. Integrating the fractional order proportional derivative controller (FOPDC) and a new sliding mode controller (FOSMC), a novel robust controller based on HFOPDSMC is proposed. The bounded model uncertainties are considered in the dynamics of the robot, and then the robustness of the controller is verified. The Lyapunov theory is utilized in order to show the stability of the proposed controller. In this paper, the EGWO is developed by adding the emphasis coefficients to the typical grey wolf optimizer (GWO). The GWO and EGWO, then, are applied to optimize the proposed control parameters which result in the optimized GWO-HFOPDSMC and EGWO-HFOPDSMC, respectively. The effectivenesses of the optimized controllers (GWO-HFOPDSMC and EGWO-HFOPDSMC) are completely verified by comparing the simulation results of the optimized controllers with the typical FOSMC and HFOPDSMC.
How do fruit productivity, fruit traits and dietary specialization affect the role of birds in a mutualistic network?
Authors: Malanotte Marcia L. , Machado-de-Souza Tiago , Campos Ricardo P. , Petkowicz Carmen L.O. , Varassin Isabela G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany plant traits might explain the different ecological and network roles of fruit-eating birds. We assessed the relationship of plant productivity, fruit traits (colour, seed size and nutritional quality) and dietary specialization, with the network roles of fruit-eating birds (number of partners, centrality and selectivity) in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. We classified bird species according to their dietary specialization into three categories: obligate, partial and opportunistic fruit-eating birds. To test if network roles changed according to dietary specialization, fruit productivity and traits, we used a generalized linear model analysis. The selected 14 species of plant interacted with 52 bird species, which consumed 2199 fruits. The most central and generalist fruit-eating bird,Turdus albicolis, interacted with plants that produced more fruits, such asMiconia cinerascens, and had, on average, larger seeds, such asMyrcia splendens. The most selective birds interacted with fruits with a higher concentration of lipids and less intense colour, and plants that produced fewer fruits. Obligate fruit-eating birds, such asPatagioenas plumbea, were more selective than partial and opportunistic birds. Different plant traits are therefore related to the different network roles of fruit-eating birds in the Atlantic Forest, which are also dependent on bird dietary specialization.
Real-time estimation of the influenza-associated excess mortality in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Jessica Y. , Goldstein Edward , Fang Vicky J. , Cowling Benjamin J. , Wu Peng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Statistical models are commonly employed in the estimation of influenza-associated excess mortality that, due to various reasons, is often underestimated by laboratory-confirmed influenza deaths reported by healthcare facilities. However, methodology for timely and reliable estimation of that impact remains limited because of the delay in mortality data reporting. We explored real-time estimation of influenza-associated excess mortality by types/subtypes in each year between 2012 and 2018 in Hong Kong using linear regression models fitted to historical mortality and influenza surveillance data. We could predict that during the winter of 2017/2018, there were ~634 (95% confidence interval (CI): (190, 1033)) influenza-associated excess all-cause deaths in Hong Kong in population ⩾18 years, compared to 259 reported laboratory-confirmed deaths. We estimated that influenza was associated with substantial excess deaths in older adults, suggesting the implementation of control measures, such as administration of antivirals and vaccination, in that age group. The approach that we developed appears to provide robust real-time estimates of the impact of influenza circulation and complement surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed deaths. These results improve our understanding of the impact of influenza epidemics and provide a practical approach for a timely estimation of the mortality burden of influenza circulation during an ongoing epidemic.
Adoptees’ responses to separation from, and reunion with, their adoptive parent at age 4 years is associated with long-term persistence of autism symptoms following early severe institutional deprivation
Authors: Sonuga-Barke Edmund , Kennedy Mark , Golm Dennis , Knights Nicky , Kovshoff Hanna , Kreppner Jana , Kumsta Robert , Maughan Barbara , O'Connor Thomas G. , Schlotz Wolff 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInstitutionally deprived young children often display distinctive patterns of attachment, classified as insecure/other (INS/OTH), with their adoptive parents. The associations between INS/OTH and developmental trajectories of mental health and neurodevelopmental symptoms were examined. Age 4 attachment status was determined for 97 Romanian adoptees exposed to up to 24 months of deprivation in Romanian orphanages and 49 nondeprived UK adoptees. Autism, inattention/overactivity and disinhibited-social-engagement symptoms, emotional problems, and IQ were measured at 4, 6, 11, and 15 years and in young adulthood. Romanian adoptees with over 6 months deprivation (Rom>6) were more often classified as INS/OTH than UK and Romanian adoptees with less than 6 months deprivation combined. INS/OTH was associated with cognitive impairment at age 4 years. The interaction between deprivation, attachment status, and age for autism spectrum disorder assessment was significant, with greater symptom persistence in Rom>6 INS/OTH(+) than other groups. This effect was reduced when IQ at age 4 was controlled for. Age 4 INS/OTH in Rom>6 was associated with worse autism spectrum disorder outcomes up to two decades later. Its association with cognitive impairment at age 4 is consistent with INS/OTH being an early marker of this negative developmental trajectory, rather than its cause.
Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities in discrete product spaces
Authors: Marton Katalin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove an inequality between relative entropy and the sum of average conditional relative entropies of the following form: for a fixed probability measure q on , ( is a finite set), and any probability measure on ,
(*)
$$D(p||q){\rm{\le}}C \cdot \sum\limits_{i = 1}^n {{\rm{\mathbb{E}}}_p D(p_i ( \cdot |Y_1 ,{\rm{ }}...,{\rm{ }}Y_{i - 1} ,{\rm{ }}Y_{i + 1} ,...,{\rm{ }}Y_n )||q_i ( \cdot |Y_1 ,{\rm{ }}...,{\rm{ }}Y_{i - 1} ,{\rm{ }}Y_{i + 1} ,{\rm{ }}...,{\rm{ }}Y_n )),} $$
where pi(· |y1, …, yi−1, yi+1, …, yn) and qi(· |x1, …, xi−1, xi+1, …, xn) denote the local specifications for p resp. q, that is, the conditional distributions of the ith coordinate, given the other coordinates. The constant C depends on (the local specifications of) q.The inequality (*) ismeaningful in product spaces, in both the discrete and the continuous case, and can be used to prove a logarithmic Sobolev inequality for q, provided uniform logarithmic Sobolev inequalities are available for qi(· |x1, …, xi−1, xi+1, …, xn), for all fixed i and fixed (x1, …, xi−1, xi+1, …, xn). Inequality (*) directly implies that the Gibbs sampler associated with q is a contraction for relative entropy.In this paper we derive inequality (*), and thereby a logarithmic Sobolev inequality, in discrete product spaces, by proving inequalities for an appropriate Wasserstein-like distance.