bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Computer Model to Study the Response of Energetic Materials to a Range of Dynamic Loads
Authors: Reaugh John E. , White Bradley W. , Curtis John P. , Springer H. Keo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past decade we developed a model to enable computer simulation of the mechanical and subsequent energetic response of explosives and propellants to mechanical insults such as impacts, perforations, drops, and falls. The model is embedded in computer simulation programs that solve the non‐linear, large deformation equations of compressible solid and fluid flow in space and time. It is implemented as a user‐defined model, which returns the updated stress tensor and composition that result from the simulation supplied strain tensor change. Although it is multi‐phase, in that gas and solid species are present, it is single‐velocity, in that the gas does not flow through the porous solid. More than 70 time‐dependent variables are made available for additional analyses and plotting. The model encompasses a broad range of possible responses: mechanical damage with no energetic response, and a continuous spectrum of degrees of violence including delayed and prompt detonation. This paper describes the basic workings of the model.
Crucial role of oxidative stress in bactericidal effect of parthenolide against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Xu Shu , Zhao Xingzeng , Liu Fei , Cao Yan , Wang Bi , Wang Xiangyun , Yin Min , Wang Qizhi , Feng Xu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes rice bacterial blight, which is one of the most devastating diseases on rice. Parthenolide (PTL) is a sesquiterpene lactone possessing multiple bioactivities. In the preliminary study, we found PTL can totally inhibit the growth of Xoo at 10 mg L−1 in vitro. In this study, we aim to further evaluate the anti‐bacterial activity of PTL against Xoo and discern the role of oxidative stress in its bactericidal effect.RESULTSPTL was effective against Xoo both in vitro and in vivo. PTL induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Xoo, leading to cell death, while exogenous catalase can fully abolish its bactericidal effect. PTL sensitivity of catalase deletion mutants of Xoo increased significantly compared with that of wild‐type Xoo strain. In addition, PTL treatment increased glutathione peroxidase activity and decreased glutathione (GSH) reductase activity in Xoo, but had no effect on its catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Interestingly, PTL dramatically reduced the GSH level in Xoo, resulting in disturbed GSH/GSSG balance. Moreover, PTL rapidly reacted with GSH by a nucleophilic addition reaction.CONCLUSIONPTL is a promising lead compound for developing bactericide against Xoo. PTL rapidly reacts with GSH, resulting in disturbed GSH/GSSG balance in Xoo, which causes ROS accumulation, leading to cell death. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the bactericidal effect of PTL against Xoo. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Climate change impacts on the potential distribution of Eogystia hippophaecolus in China
Authors: Li Xue , Ge Xuezhen , Chen Linghong , Zhang Linjing , Wang Tao , Zong Shixiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeabuckthorn carpenter moth, Eogystia hippophaecolus (Hua, Chou, Fang, & Chen, 1990), is the most important boring pest of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the northwest of China. It is responsible for the death of large areas of H. rhamnoides forest, seriously affecting the ecological environment and economic development in north‐western China. To clarify the potential distribution of E. hippophaecolus in China, the present study used the CLIMEX 4.0.0 model to project the potential distribution of the pest using historical climate data (1981–2010) and simulated future climate data (2011–2100) for China.RESULTSUnder historical climate condition, E. hippophaecolus would be found to be distributed mainly between 27° N–51° N and 74° E–134° E, with favorable and highly favorable habitats accounting for 35.2% of the total potential distribution. Under future climate conditions, E. hippophaecolus would be distributed mainly between 27° N–53° N and 74° E–134° E, with the possibility of moving in a northwest direction. Under these conditions, the proportion of the total area providing a favorable and highly favorable habitat may decrease to about 33%.CONCLUSIONThese results will help to identify the impact of climate change on the potential distribution of E. hippophaecolus, thereby providing a theoretical basis for monitoring and early forecasting of pest outbreaks. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Bipartite output synchronization of heterogeneous multiagent systems on signed digraphs
Authors: Zuo Shan , Lewis Frank L. , Song Yongduan , Davoudi Ali 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the bipartite output synchronization problem of general linear heterogeneous multiagent systems on signed digraphs. We first show that, for heterogeneous multiagent systems, the bipartite output synchronization over the structurally balanced signed digraphs and the conventional output synchronization over the associated nonnegative digraphs are equivalent. Then, 3 different control protocols, using full‐state feedback, static output feedback, and dynamic output feedback are designed at each agent to solve the bipartite output synchronization problem based on solutions to the corresponding output regulator equations. Explicit local design procedures are proposed for all 3 control protocols. The compensators employed in these protocols incorporate only one copy of the virtual exosystem's dynamics, regardless of the dimensions of the outputs. This results in lower‐dimensional compensators and controllers and, hence, is more computationally tractable compared to the popular internal model principle‐based control protocols. Numerical simulations over 3 different signed communication digraphs validate the proposed control protocols.
Taking an escape hatch: Managing tension in group discourse
Authors: Sohr Erin Ronayne , Gupta Ayush , Elby Andrew 
Published: May 2018

AbstractProblem solving in groups can be rich with tension for students. This tension may arise from conflicting approaches (conceptual and/or epistemological) and/or from conflict emerging in the social relations among group members. Drawing on video records of undergraduate students working collaboratively, we use three cases to illustrate the multifaceted ways in which conflict arises—combining conceptual, epistemological, and socioemotional dynamics—and a specific way of managing the tension that can emerge from the multifaceted conflict, “taking an escape hatch.” An escape hatch is a set of discourse moves through which participants close the conversational topic, thereby relieving tension, but before a conceptual resolution is achieved. We describe how epistemological twists and turns can be recruited as a means of managing the strong emotions experienced by the students, showing the coupling of emotion and epistemology in students’ conceptual sense making during group work. We help to provide the groundwork necessary for instructors to notice, understand, and respond to one way in which conceptual–epistemological–social–emotional aspects of interaction are coupled in the emergence of tension, rather than narrowly targeting instructional moves based on only conceptual or epistemological considerations. Instead, instructors should often respond to—and help students become aware of—the emotional component of peer interactions and its entanglement with the “cold cognitive” conceptual and epistemological components.
Unity of consciousness
Authors: Hill Christopher S. 
Published: May 2018

Although there is much talk in various literatures of streams of consciousness, and most of us have an intuitive understanding of such talk, we are far from having a full grasp of what it is that unifies streams of consciousness, binding together the individual experiences that serve as their constituents. In recent years, discussion of this topic has been principally concerned with synchronic unity of consciousness—the form of unity that is exhibited by momentary states of consciousness, or in other words, by time slices or temporal segments of streams. There are two main questions about synchronic unity. First, what is its scope? Are the simultaneous experiences of a single subject necessarily unified? Generally but not necessarily unified? Sometimes unified? And second, what is the nature of synchronic unity? Is it a fundamental phenomenon, and if not, what are the more basic phenomena that constitute it? This essay reviews recent work on these questions, and provides reasons for preferring some answers to others.This article is categorized under:

Philosophy > Consciousness
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Philosophy > Metaphysics
Model Predictive Control
Authors: Frank Steven A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControl design often seeks the best trajectory along which to move a system from its current state to a target state. Most control methods consider only the first step of the full trajectory toward the target state. Model predictive control considers the full sequence of steps required to move the system optimally from its current state to a future target. The control system then applies the first inputs to start the system along that optimal trajectory. However, rather than continuing, the system takes new inputs and recalculates a new optimal trajectory based on its updated information. The system then begins to move along the new trajectory, updates again, and adjusts its trajectory again. By repeated updating, the system can often perform very well with limited information about nonlinear dynamics and other uncertainties.
Effects of Flow Disruptions on Mental Workload and Surgical Performance in Robotic‐Assisted Surgery
Authors: Weber Jeannette , Catchpole Ken , Becker Armin J. , Schlenker Boris , Weigl Matthias 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundRobotic systems introduced new surgical and technical demands. Surgical flow disruptions are critical for maintaining operating room (OR) teamwork and patient safety. Specifically for robotic surgery, effects of intra‐operative disruptive events for OR professionals’ workload, stress, and performance have not been investigated yet. This study aimed to identify flow disruptions and assess their association with mental workload and performance during robotic‐assisted surgery.MethodsStructured expert‐observations to identify different disruption types during 40 robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomies were conducted. Additionally, 216 postoperative reports on mental workload (mental demands, situational stress, and distractions) and performance of all OR professionals were collected.ResultsOn average 15.8 flow disruptions per hour were observed with the highest rate after abdominal insufflation and before console time. People entering the OR caused most flow disruptions. Disruptions due to equipment showed the highest severity of interruption. Workload significantly correlated with severity of disruptions due to coordination and communication.ConclusionsFlow disruptions occur frequently and are associated with increased workload. Therefore, strategies are needed to manage disruptions to maintain OR teamwork and safety during robotic‐assisted surgery.
Machine Learning Prediction of Heat Capacity for Solid Inorganics
Authors: Kauwe Steven K. , Graser Jake , Vazquez Antonio , Sparks Taylor D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany thermodynamic calculations and engineering applications require the temperature-dependent heat capacity (Cp) of a material to be known a priori. First-principle calculations of heat capacities can stand in place of experimental information, but these calculations are costly and expensive. Here, we report on our creation of a high-throughput supervised machine learning-based tool to predict temperature-dependent heat capacity. We demonstrate that material heat capacity can be correlated to a number of elemental and atomic properties. The machine learning method predicts heat capacity for thousands of compounds in seconds, suggesting facile implementation into integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) processes. In this context, we consider its use to replace Neumann-Kopp predictions as a high-throughput screening tool to help identify new materials as candidates for engineering processes. Also promising is the enhanced speed and performance compared to cation/anion contribution methods at elevated temperatures as well as the ability to improve future predictions as more data are made available. This machine learning method only requires formula inputs when calculating heat capacity and can be completely automated. This is an improvement to common best-practice methods such as cation/anion contributions or mixed-oxide approaches which are limited in application to specific materials and require case-by-case considerations.
Appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for acute sinusitis and pharyngitis in an integrated healthcare system
Authors: Chauhan Lakshmi , Young Heather , Knepper Bryan C. , Shihadeh Katherine C. , Jenkins Timothy C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for acute sinusitis and pharyngitis. Overall, 81% of antibiotic prescriptions for acute sinusitis were inappropriate and 48% of antibiotic prescriptions for pharyngitis were inappropriate. Types of prescribing errors differed between the 2 infections, including lack of an indication for antibiotics and excessive duration in ~50% of sinusitis cases and incorrect antibiotic dose in ~33% of pharyngitis cases.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 0, 1–3
Links between psychotic and neurotic symptoms in the general population: an analysis of longitudinal British National Survey data using Directed Acyclic Graphs
Authors: Kuipers J. , Moffa G. , Kuipers E. , Freeman D. , Bebbington P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundNon-psychotic affective symptoms are important components of psychotic syndromes. They are frequent and are now thought to influence the emergence of paranoia and hallucinations. Evidence supporting this model of psychosis comes from recent cross-fertilising epidemiological and intervention studies. Epidemiological studies identify plausible targets for intervention but must be interpreted cautiously. Nevertheless, causal inference can be strengthened substantially using modern statistical methods.MethodsDirected Acyclic Graphs were used in a dynamic Bayesian network approach to learn the overall dependence structure of chosen variables. DAG-based inference identifies the most likely directional links between multiple variables, thereby locating them in a putative causal cascade. We used initial and 18-month follow-up data from the 2000 British National Psychiatric Morbidity survey (N = 8580 and N = 2406).ResultsWe analysed persecutory ideation, hallucinations, a range of affective symptoms and the effects of cannabis and problematic alcohol use. Worry was central to the links between symptoms, with plausible direct effects on insomnia, depressed mood and generalised anxiety, and recent cannabis use. Worry linked the other affective phenomena with paranoia. Hallucinations were connected only to worry and persecutory ideation. General anxiety, worry, sleep problems, and persecutory ideation were strongly self-predicting. Worry and persecutory ideation were connected over the 18-month interval in an apparent feedback loop.ConclusionsThese results have implications for understanding dynamic processes in psychosis and for targeting psychological interventions. The reciprocal influence of worry and paranoia implies that treating either symptom is likely to ameliorate the other.
The association between depressive and sleep symptoms for predicting incident disease onset after 6-year follow-up: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Poole Lydia , Jackowska Marta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe independent effects of depressive symptoms and sleep problems for future physical illness risk have yet to be studied systematically across a variety of disease endpoints.MethodsWe analysed data from 7395 participants (65.81 ± 9.39 years; 54.8% female) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Baseline was wave 4 and participants were followed up for 6 years until wave 7. Sleep was measured using an adapted version of the Jenkins Sleep Problems questionnaire and depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Participants with the illness of interest at baseline [coronary heart disease (CHD), cancer, diabetes/high blood glucose, arthritis] were excluded from models predicting the onset of that illness at follow-up. Logistic regression was used, entering depressive symptoms and sleep problems simultaneously into models controlling for a wide range of covariates.ResultsIn fully adjusted models depressive symptoms predicted incident CHD (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04–1.20, p = 0.004) and diabetes/high blood glucose (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.22, p = 0.002) independent of sleep problems; both depressive symptoms (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16, p = 0.002) and sleep problems (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.26, p = 0.019) predicted incident arthritis.ConclusionsSleep problems and depressive symptoms, and a combination of both, were differentially associated with physical illness onset 6 years later. Our findings highlight the importance of taking into account somatic and affective experiences when looking across a variety of different physical illnesses.
Effects of slow-wave activity on mood disturbance in major depressive disorder
Authors: Goldschmied Jennifer R. , Cheng Philip , Hoffmann Robert , Boland Elaine M. , Deldin Patricia J. , Armitage Roseanne 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies have demonstrated that decreases in slow-wave activity (SWA) predict decreases in depressive symptoms in those with major depressive disorder (MDD), suggesting that there may be a link between SWA and mood. The aim of the present study was to determine if the consequent change in SWA regulation following a mild homeostatic sleep challenge would predict mood disturbance.MethodsThirty-seven depressed and fifty-nine healthy adults spent three consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. On the third night, bedtime was delayed by 3 h, as this procedure has been shown to provoke SWA. The Profile of Mood States questionnaire was administered on the morning following the baseline and sleep delay nights to measure mood disturbance.ResultsResults revealed that following sleep delay, a lower delta sleep ratio, indicative of inadequate dissipation of SWA from the first to the second non-rapid eye movement period, predicted increased mood disturbance in only those with MDD.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that in the first half of the night, individuals with MDD who have less SWA dissipation as a consequence of impaired SWA regulation have greater mood disturbance, and may suggest that appropriate homeostatic regulation of sleep is an important factor in the disorder.
Welfare State Attitudes and Support for Social Europe: Spillover or Obstacle?
Authors: BAUTE SHARON , MEULEMAN BART , ABTS KOEN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigates how support for Social Europe is related to citizens’ welfare attitudes. On the one hand, welfare attitudes can spill over from the national to the European level, given that Social Europe aims to achieve similar goals to those of national welfare states. On the other hand, support for the welfare state can be an obstacle, if citizens perceive the nation state and the European Union as competing or substituting governance levels. Using data from the 2014 Belgian National Election Study, we take a multidimensional approach to Social Europe, capturing attitudes toward social regulations, member state solidarity, European social citizenship, and a European social security system. Results demonstrate that citizens who are more positive about the welfare state are also more supportive of Social Europe. However, positive welfare attitudes do not affect all dimensions of Social Europe to the same extent. The spillover effect of support for basic welfare state principles is strongest for policy instruments of Social Europe that are less intrusive to national welfare states (EU social regulations). By contrast, welfare state critique has a stronger impact on support for more intrusive instruments (European social citizenship).
Aliens in Latin America: Intervention, Arbitration and State Responsibility for Rebels
Authors: GREENMAN KATHRYN 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the course of the nineteenth century, the question of state responsibility for injuries done by rebels to foreign nationals, or ‘aliens’, in its territory became an important one for international law. Initially, it was common for disputes regarding such responsibility to be resolved through diplomacy, backed up, not infrequently, by the threat and even the use of force. Later it became a matter which also led increasingly to arbitration; beginning around the middle of the nineteenth century a growing number of arbitral tribunals dealt with claims against states for injuries done to aliens by rebels. From the first, established in 1839, there followed a series of 40 mixed claims commissions which touched on state responsibility for rebels. Nearly three-quarters of these arbitrations involved a Western state against one of the new Latin American republics. In this article, I explore how intervention in Latin America, and particularly its turn to arbitration, produced the highly-contested doctrine of state responsibility for rebels. Reading this history in the context of decolonization, capitalist expansion and economic imperialism in Latin America, I argue that the doctrine of state responsibility for rebels was produced out of and used to manage the transition from old colonialism to new imperialism in the region so as to guarantee foreign trade and investment. Understanding this history, I argue, helps us to put back together the pieces of alien protection which fragmented after 1945 and illuminates how international law continues to protect foreign investment against rebels in the decolonized world.
Plausibility in the Provisional Measures Jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice
Authors: LANDO MASSIMO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn 2009, the International Court of Justice introduced plausibility as a requirement for indicating provisional measures under Article 41 of its Statute. Upon its introduction, plausibility was conceived as a test to establish that the rights asserted by applicant states might exist under international law. However, the Court subsequently developed the plausibility test into a higher standard, which requires the Court also to assess that the alleged conduct of the respondent state might breach that applicant state's asserted rights. This development has important implications for provisional measures proceedings before the Court. First, one could distinguish two aspects of plausibility, legal and factual. Second, plausibility has different functions in requests for provisional measures depending on whether the applicant state asserts rights arising under a treaty or under customary international law. Third, the Court's enquiry into plausibility could overlap with the enquiry intoprima faciejurisdictionratione materiae, although these two requirements conceivably entail different thresholds. Fourth, plausibility in provisional measures indicated in interpretation proceedings could be seen to be different from plausibility in provisional measures indicated in ordinary contentious proceedings.