bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and demographic disparities in short stature among school children aged 7–18 years: a nation-wide survey in China, 2014
Authors: Ma Jia , Pei Tao , Dong Fen , Dong Yanhui , Yang Zhaogeng , Chen Jie , Guo Sihui , Zhao Qiuling , Wang Shunan , Ma Jun , Zhang Zhixin 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo identify spatial disparities and demographic characteristics of short stature, we analysed the prevalence of short stature collected in a nationwide health survey.SettingsData were obtained from the 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health (a cross-sectional study of China). Participants came from 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities (except Tibet, Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan).ParticipantsThere were 213 795 Han school children between 7 and 18 years old enrolled in our study. All participants were sampled by stratified cluster.Primary and secondary outcome measuresShort stature; Chinese and WHO age-specific and gender-specific height growth references were used for short stature assessment.ResultsThe age-standardised and age–gender-standardised prevalence of short stature nationwide was 3.70% and 2.69% according to Chinese and WHO growth references, respectively. The short stature prevalence differed significantly among age groups, urban and rural areas, and regions with different socioeconomic development levels (all p<0.0001). The prevalence was 2.23% in urban versus 5.12% in rural areas (p<0.001). The prevalence was 2.60% in developed, 3.72% in intermediately developed, and 4.69% in underdeveloped regions (p<0.0001). These values were all according to China’s growth reference, but similar patterns were observed on prevalence based on the WHO reference. The spatial distribution of prevalence of short stature presented a clustered pattern. Moran’s I value was 0.474 (p<0.001) and 0.478 (p<0.001) according to the Chinese and WHO growth references, respectively. The southwest part of China showed a higher prevalence of short stature, whereas lower prevalence of short stature was observed mainly in the northeast part of China.ConclusionsThere is an appreciably high prevalence of short stature in rural, underdeveloped areas of China. There are high prevalence spatial clusters of short stature in southwestern China. This provides corroborating evidence for a tailored strategy on short stature prevention and reduction in special areas.
Delineating the concept of self-management in chronic conditions: a concept analysis
Authors: Van de Velde Dominique , De Zutter Freya , Satink Ton , Costa Ursula , Janquart Sara , Senn Daniela , De Vriendt Patricia 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesSelf-management is a concept frequently used within healthcare but lacks consensus. It is the aim of this study to clarify the concept.DesignConcept analysis according to Walker and Avant, comprises eight steps: select concept, determine purpose, identify uses, determine defining attributes, identify model case, identify additional cases, identify antecedents and consequences and define empirical referents. Sources used: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.ResultsTen attributes delineating the concept have been identified and organised into three groups. Group (a): person-oriented attributes: the person must (1) actively take part in the care process, (2) take responsibility for the care process and (3) have a positive way of coping with adversity. Group (b): person-environment-oriented attributes: (4) the person must be informed about the condition, disease and treatment and self-management, (5) should be individualised, which entails expressing needs, values and priorities, (6) requires openness to ensure a reciprocal partnership with healthcare providers and (7) demands openness to social support. Finally, Group (c): summarising attributes: self-management (8) is a lifetime task, (9) assumes personal skills and (10) encompasses the medical, role and emotional management.ConclusionsThe findings of this study recognise the complexity of the concept, but also show the need for further investigation to make the concept more measurable. Clarity about the concept will enhance understanding and facilitate implementation in self-management programmes for chronic conditions.
Impact of military service on physical health later in life: a qualitative study of geriatric UK veterans and non-veterans
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Harwood Hannah , Greenberg Karla , Stevelink Sharon A M , Greenberg N 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesMilitary veterans often experience physical health problems in later life; however, it remains unclear whether these problems are due to military service or are a feature of the ageing process. This study aimed to explore veteran and non-veteran perceptions of the impact of their occupation on their physical well-being later in life.DesignSemi-structured qualitative interviews analysed using thematic analysis.SettingInterviews were conducted face-to-face in participants’ homes or via telephone.Participants35 veterans (≥65 years), 25 non-veterans (≥65 years) were recruited, as well as a close companion of all participants for triangulation (n=60).ResultsMost veterans reported good physical health later in life which they attributed to the fitness they developed during military service. However, several veterans described challenges in maintaining their desired level of physically activity due to new commitments and limited sports facilities when they left service. Fewer non-veterans had experienced work-related fitness activities or exercise in their civilian jobs. Ongoing physical health difficulties, such as deafness, were perceived to be due to exposure to workplace hazards and appeared more common in veterans compared with non-veterans. Veterans also described greater reluctance than non-veterans to seek medical treatment for physical health difficulties, which could be challenging for close companions who had to provide informal care.ConclusionsMilitary service was largely perceived to be beneficial for physical well-being; although when occupation-related physical health problems were experienced, many veterans were unwilling to seek treatment. These findings may inform clinicians of the needs of older veterans and highlight potential barriers to care.
Reporting quality of randomised controlled trial abstracts presented at the SLEEP Annual Meetings: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hua Fang , Sun Qiao , Zhao Tingting , Chen Xiong , He Hong 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate the reporting quality of randomised controlled trial (RCT) abstracts presented at a leading international conference in sleep medicine (the SLEEP Annual Meeting), and to investigate the association between potential predictors and the reporting quality of trial abstracts in this field.DesignCross-sectional, research on research study.MethodsA handsearch of the 2016–2018 SLEEP Annual Meeting abstract books was carried out to identify abstracts describing RCTs. Quality of reporting was assessed with the original 17-item CONSORT for Abstracts checklist. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of reporting quality. In addition, risk ratios were used to analyse the adequate reporting rate of each quality item by type of intervention and funding status.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe overall quality score (OQS, range 0–17) in accordance with the CONSORT for Abstracts checklist (primary outcome), and the adequate reporting rate of each checklist item (secondary outcome).ResultsA total of 176 RCT abstracts were included and assessed. The mean OQS was 5.53 (95% CI 5.30 to 5.76). Only three quality items (objective,conclusionsandfunding) were adequately reported in most abstracts (>75%). None of the abstracts adequately reportedauthors,randomisationoroutcome in the results section. According to the multivariable analysis, pharmacological interventions (p=0.018) and funding from the industry (p=0.025) were significantly associated with better reporting quality.ConclusionsThe reporting quality of RCT abstracts presented at SLEEP Annual Meetings was suboptimal. Pharmacological intervention and funding from industry were significant predictors of better reporting quality. Joint efforts by authors and conference committees are needed to enhance the reporting quality of RCT abstracts presented at sleep medicine conferences, and thereby reduce relevant research waste in this field.
Protocol for a feasibility trial to inform the development of a breathlessness rehabilitation programme for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure (the COHERE trial)
Authors: Jones Amy V , Evans Rachael A , Esliger Dale W , Sherar Lauren B , Singh Sally J 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionAdults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic heart failure (CHF) commonly suffer from exertional dyspnoea and fatigue. Exercise training is recommended in the management of both diseases, yet many of the outcome measures traditionally reported are disease specific and may not fully acknowledge the multimorbid older adult. Based on our previous research, a breathlessness rehabilitation programme for patients with COPD/CHF or combined disease has been introduced as a service improvement within University Hospital Leicester National Health Service Trust and has amalgamated aspects of cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation. This has created an opportunity to expand the outcome measures assessed and introduce a holistic approach in a population that share common symptoms. Therefore, this multisite trial will explore the feasibility of collecting novel outcome markers as part of a comprehensive assessment prior to enrolment in a breathlessness rehabilitation programme for participants with COPD and/or CHF.Methods and analysisThe rehabilitation programme consists of 12 sessions, twice weekly, over a 6-week period. In addition to usual rehabilitation outcome measures, the trial will collect measures of future cardiometabolic risk including arterial stiffness, body composition, physical activity/sedentary time, frailty and symptom burden in a comprehensive rehabilitation assessment. The primary outcome measures will centre around feasibility (eg, acceptability of the comprehensive rehabilitation assessment, intervention delivery and the experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals and participants). Focus groups and interviews will be conducted to further explore barriers and facilitators to the operation and participation in a breathlessness rehabilitation programme and the trial. Thematic analysis will be used for the interpretation of all qualitative data.Ethics and disseminationThe research ethics committee East Midlands Leicester-Central has provided ethical approval for the conduct of this trial. The results of the trial will be disseminated through appropriate conference proceedings and peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN11636308
Factors associated with PPSV23 coverage among older adults in Japan: a nationwide community-based survey
Authors: Murakami Yoshitaka , Kanazu Shinichi , Petigara Tanaz , Oba Mari Saito , Nishiwaki Yuji , Watanabe Akira 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) was included in Japan’s national immunisation programme for older adults in 2014. While vaccination coverage has increased following the implementation of the national immunisation programme, little is known about the factors that have influenced changes in PPSV23 uptake in Japan. This study aimed to investigate the effects of municipality-level activities implemented to improve vaccine uptake during the fiscal year 2015 (April 2015–March 2016).DesignCommunity-based national survey. A postal and web-based nationwide survey was sent to all municipalities in Japan in June 2016 (n=1741). The survey included questions regarding PPSV23 coverage, out-of-pocket costs by individuals for vaccination and community-level activities implemented to improve and promote PPSV23 uptake. Municipality-level and prefecture-level variables (eg, unemployment rates, average per capita income) retrieved from published sources were also incorporated to explore the impact of social determinants on vaccine uptake.SettingJapan.ParticipantsMunicipal vaccination officers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary study outcome was PPSV23 coverage among adults aged 65 years in Japanese municipalities.ResultsA total of 1010 municipalities (58.0%) responded to the survey. The median PPSV23 coverage among responding municipalities was 41.8%. Vaccine coverage increased by 18.7% (16.7%–20.7%)%) in municipalities that sent a direct mail notification to the target population of adults compared with municipalities that did not send any notification. Vaccine coverage decreased by 3.02% (2.4%–3.6%)%) for every 1000 JPY increase in out-of-pocket costs. Municipality-level unemployment rates and average per capita income were negatively associated with PPSV23 coverage.ConclusionsThis nationwide survey provides insight into factors that may influence PPSV23 coverage in Japanese municipalities. Reduced out-of-pocket costs and direct mail notifications to the target population were associated with higher PPSV23 coverage in Japanese municipalities.
Implementing an allied health team intervention to improve the care of older adults in the emergency department: protocol for a process evaluation
Authors: Cassarino Marica , Cronin Úna , Robinson Katie , Quinn Rosie , Boland Fiona , Ward Marie E , MacNamara Rosa , O’Connor Margaret , McCarthy Gerard , Ryan Damien , Galvin Rose 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionHealth and social care professionals (HSCPs) have increasingly contributed to enhance the care of patients in emergency departments (EDs), particularly for older adults who are frequent ED attendees with significant adverse outcomes. For the first time, the effectiveness of a HSCP team intervention for older adults in the ED has been tested in a large randomised controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT03739515), providing an opportunity to explore the implementation process for this type of intervention. This protocol describes a process evaluation that will to investigate the implementation, delivery and impact of an HSCP team intervention in the ED.Methods and analysisUsing the Medical Research Council Framework for process evaluations, we will employ a mixed-methods approach to provide a description of the process of implementation and delivery of the HSCP intervention in the ED, evaluate its fidelity, dose and reach and explore the perceptions of key staff members in relations to the mechanisms and contexts of impact at the levels of individuals, physical environment, operations, communication and the broader hospital and healthcare system.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study was received from the HSE Mid-Western Regional Hospital Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 103/18). All participants will be invited to read and sign a written consent form prior to participation. The results of this review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-review journal and presented at relevant conferences.
Educator–student talk during interprofessional simulation-based teaching
Authors: Jackson Bianca N , Brady Alana , Friary Philippa , Braakhuis Andrea , Sekula Julia , Miles Anna 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSimulated learning environments are increasingly common in interprofessional education (IPE). While reflection is key to simulated learning, little is known about the nature of these conversations during simulation. The aim of this exploratory paper was to quantify communicative features of conversations during interprofessional simulation scenarios between dietetics students, speech-language therapy students and their educators.MethodsConversations between students and educators during the pauses between simulated scenario phases were recorded and transcribed. Student and educator utterances were quantitatively analysed for speech acts, question types and elements of IPE (clinical reasoning, roles and responsibilities, client and family centred care, interprofessional collaboration, clinical procedural tasks).ResultsAcross 1340 utterances from six scenarios, analyses of conversational speech acts and question types highlighted similar patterns of usage between two educators despite different clinical scenarios and professional backgrounds. Educators used a minimally higher proportion of open compared with closed questions, and higher-level problem-solving questions predominated in comparison to simple factual questioning. Educators used more requests for action and attention and students displayed more performative and responsive acts (p<0.05). Students were exposed to all elements of IPE through conversations in all scenarios.ConclusionsConversations during pauses in immersive simulated scenarios between educators and students enable rich IPE opportunities and higher-level problem-solving. Educators encouraged students to problem solve within and across disciplines with open questions. Educators provided few factual responses to questions themselves rather diverting questions back to the students. This approach to the analysis of conversation can support educators to evaluate their own communication during interprofessional simulations.
Six decades of preventing and treating childhood anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis to inform policy and practice
Authors: Schwartz Christine , Barican Jenny Lou , Yung Donna , Zheng Yufei , Waddell Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

QuestionAnxiety disorders are the most prevalent childhood mental disorders. They also start early and persist, causing high individual and collective costs. To inform policy and practice, we therefore asked: What is the best available research evidence on preventing and treating these disorders?MethodsWe sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions addressing anxiety problems in young people. We identified RCTs by searching CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Thirty-three RCTs met inclusion criteria—evaluating 8 prevention programmes, 12 psychosocial treatments and 7 pharmacological treatments. We then conducted meta-analyses by intervention type.FindingsFor prevention, the cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programmeCoping and Promoting Strengthstood out for reducing anxiety diagnoses. For psychosocial treatment, 9 CBT interventions also reduced diagnoses:Cool Kids; Cool Little Kids Plus Social Skills; Coping Cat; Coping Koala; One-Session Treatment; Parent Education Program; Skills for Academic and Social Success; Strongest FamiliesandTimid to Tiger. Successful CBT interventions were used with children ranging from pre-schoolers to teens in homes, communities/schools and clinics. For pharmacological treatment, selective-serotonergic-reuptake-inhibitors (SSRIs) significantly improved symptoms. Fluoxetine stood out for also reducing post-test diagnoses, but caused adverse events. Meta-analyses indicated strongest effects for CBT (Log OR=0.95; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.21) and SSRI treatments (1.57; 1.09 to 2.06).ConclusionsCBT is effective for preventing and treating childhood anxiety—across a range of ages and formats. Fluoxetine is also an effective treatment but side effects must be managed. CBT prevention and treatment interventions should be made widely available, adding fluoxetine in severe cases.
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis of reinitiation into methamphetamine abusers: qualitative findings from an exploration of methamphetamine abusers in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhu Youwei , Zhong Na , Su Hang , Ruan Xiaolu , Bao Jiayi , Zhang Lei , Du Jiang , Xu Ding , Ding Rongjie , Xiao Ke , Zhao Min 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundDespite high relapse rate among methamphetamine (MA) abusers, there still have been little empirical data to date detecting the risk factors related to craving and relapse from the perspective of MA abusers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors that could facilitate or impede individuals’ abstinence in a real-life context from the perspectives of MA abusers.AimTo use qualitative research methods exploring the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat factors relating to individuals’ abstinence in a real-life context.MethodSemistructured interviews were conducted with 32 MA abusers recruited in Shanghai guided by open-ended questions on narrating the real-life catalysts and inhibitors related to craving, initiation, relapse and abstinence. All data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis.ResultsThe results of the SWOT analysis revealed that contextual factors including peer influence, prevalence and availability of MA, familiar venue of MA use, discrimination, sexual behaviours, alcohol, emotional states and their attitudes towards smoking MA were important factors that contribute to reinitiation and relapse. Surveillance systems, antidrug social workers, vocational skills trainings, moving to another city and family responsibility might serve as counter measures targeting those mentioned weaknesses and threats above.ConclusionThis SWOT analysis highlights the complex nature of relapse. Comprehensive interventions strengthening coping skills such as virtual reality techniques are desperately needed to facilitate individuals’ sustained abstinence.
Is active recovery during cold water immersion better than active or passive recovery in thermoneutral water for postrecovery high-intensity sprint interval performance?
Authors: Hurrie Daryl M.G. , Giesbrecht Gordon G. 
Published: July 2019

High-intensity exercise is impaired by increased esophageal temperature (Tes) above 38 °C and/or decreased muscle temperature. We compared the effects of three 30-min recovery strategies following a first set of three 30-s Wingate tests (set 1), on a similar postrecovery set of Wingate tests (set 2). Recovery conditions were passive recovery in thermoneutral (34 °C) water (Passive-TN) and active recovery (underwater cycling; ∼33% maximum power) in thermoneutral (Active-TN) or cold (15 °C) water (Active-C). Tesrose for all conditions by the end of set 1 (∼1.0 °C). After recovery, Tesreturned to baseline in both Active-C and Passive-TN but remained elevated in Active-TN (p < 0.05). At the end of set 2, Teswas lower in Active-C (37.2 °C) than both Passive-TN (38.1 °C) and Active-TN (38.8 °C) (p < 0.05). From set 1 to 2 mean power did not change with Passive-TN (+0.2%), increased with Active-TN (+2.4%; p < 0.05), and decreased with Active-C (–3.2%; p < 0.05). Heart rate was similar between conditions throughout, except at end-recovery; it was lower in Passive-TN (92 beats·min−1) than both exercise conditions (Active-TN, 126 beats·min−1; Active-C, 116 beats·min−1) (p < 0.05). Although Active-C significantly reduced Tes, the best postrecovery performance occurred with Active-TN.Novelty An initial set of 3 Wingates increased Testo ∼38 °C. Thirty minutes of Active-C was well tolerated, and decreased Tesand blood lactate to baseline values, but decreased subsequent Wingate performance.