bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL‐17 and IL‐22 elicited by a DNA vaccine encoding ROP13 associated with protection againstToxoplasma gondiiin BALB/c mice
Authors: Alizadeh Paria , Ahmadpour Ehsan , Daryani Ahmad , Kazemi Tohid , Spotin Adel , Mahami‐Oskouei Mahmoud , Flynn Robin J , Azadi Yaghob , Rajabi Saba , Sandoghchian Siamak 
Published: December 2018

AbstractToxoplasma gondii,an intracellular parasitic protozoan, is capable of infecting man and all warm‐blooded animals. Cell‐mediated immunity is vital in mounting protective responses againstT. gondiiinfection. Recent studies have shown that T‐helper (Th) 17 responses may play a key role in parasite control. In this current study, we constructed a DNA vaccine encodingT. gondiiROP13 in a pcDNA vector. Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcROP13 or controls and challenged with the RH strain ofT. gondii. The results showed that immunization with pcROP13 could elicit an antibody response againstT. gondii. The expression of the canonical Th17 cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐17 and IL‐22, were significantly increased after immunization with pcROP13 compared with control groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, vaccination resulted in a significant decrease in parasite load (p < 0.05). The induction of Th17 related cytokines, using a ROP13 DNA vaccine, againstT. gondiishould be considered as a potential vaccine approach for the control of toxoplasmosis.
Molecular aspects of pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction: Oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA
Authors: Saeedi Borujeni Mohammad Javad , Esfandiary Ebrahim , Baradaran Azar , Valiani Ali , Ghanadian Mustafa , Codoñer‐Franch Pilar , Basirat Reyhane , Alonso‐Iglesias Eulalia , Mirzaei Hamed , Yazdani Amid 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetabolic syndrome is known as a frequent precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This disease could affect 8% of the people worldwide. Given that pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and loss have central roles in the initiation and progression of the disease, the understanding of cellular and molecular pathways associated with pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction can provide more information about the underlying pathways involved in T2D. Multiple lines evidence indicated that oxidative stress, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA play significant roles in various steps of diseases. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors involved in T2D pathogenesis. This could affect the function and survival of the β cell via activation or inhibition of several processes and targets, such as receptor‐signal transduction, enzyme activity, gene expression, ion channel transport, and apoptosis. Besides oxidative stress, microRNAs and noncoding RNAs have emerged as epigenetic regulators that could affect pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. These molecules exert their effects via targeting a variety of cellular and molecular pathways involved in T2D pathogenesis. Here, we summarized the molecular aspects of pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Moreover, we highlighted the roles of oxidative stress, microRNAs, and noncoding RNAs in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction.
Biomaterial aided differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Velmurugan Bharath Kumar , Bharathi Priya Lohanathan , Poornima Paramasivan , Lee Li‐Jen , Baskaran Rathinasamy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEngineering/reprogramming differentiated adult somatic cells to gain the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage are called as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Offering unlimited self‐renewal and differentiation potential, these iPSC are aspired to meet the growing demands in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. Biomaterial fabrication with the rapid evolution of technology increased their versatility and utility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, revolutionizing the stem cell biology research with the property to guide the process of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Combining traditional culture platforms of iPSC with biomaterials aids to overcome the limitations associated with derivation, proliferation, and maturation, thereby could improve the clinical translation of iPSC. The present review discusses in brief about the reprogramming techniques for the derivation iPSC and details on several biomaterial guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types with specific relevance to tissue engineering/regenerative medicine.
CircRNA fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 promotes tumor progression in non‐small cell lung cancer by regulating Galectin‐1‐AKT/ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Qiu Bai‐Quan , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Xiong Dian , Xu Jian‐Jun , Long Xiang , Zhu Shu‐Qiang , Ye Xu‐Dong , Wu Yin , Pei Xu , Zhang Xue‐Mei , Wu Yong‐Bing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) expression is involved in the progression of several cancers, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of circRNA FGFR3 (circFGFR3) in NSCLC progression remains unknown. Here, we used quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction to validate that circFGFR3 expression was higher in NSCLC tissues than in the paratumor tissues. Furthermore, our study indicated that the forced circFGFR3 expression promoted NSCLC cell invasion and proliferation. Mechanistically, we found that circFGFR3 promoted NSCLC cell invasion and proliferation via competitively combining with miR‐22‐3p to facilitate the galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), p‐AKT, and p‐ERK1/2 expressions. Clinically, we revealed that the high circFGFR3 expression correlates with the poor clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Together, these data provide mechanistic insights into the circFGFR3‐mediated regulation of both the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by sponging miR‐22‐3p and increasing Gal‐1 expression.
Flavonoid genistein protects bone marrow sinusoidal blood vessels from damage by methotrexate therapy in rats
Authors: Hassanshahi Mohammadhossein , Su Yu‐Wen , Khabbazi Samira , Fan Chia‐Ming , Chen Ke‐Ming , Wang Ju‐Fang , Qian Airong , Howe Peter R. , Yan De‐Wen , Zhou Hou‐De , Xian Cory J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer chemotherapy can cause significant damage to the bone marrow (BM) microvascular (sinusoidal) system. Investigations must now address whether and how BM sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) can be protected during chemotherapy. Herein we examined the potential protective effects of genistein, a soy‐derived flavonoid, against BM sinusoidal damage caused by treatment with methotrexate (MTX). The groups of young adult rats were gavaged daily with genistein (20 mg/kg) or placebo. After 1 week, rats also received daily injections of MTX (0.75 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days and were killed after a further 4 days. Histological analyses showed that BM sinusoids were markedly dilated (
p < 0.001) in the MTX‐alone group but were unaffected or less dilated in the genistein+MTX group. In control rats, genistein significantly enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF;
p < 0.01), particularly in osteoblasts, and angiogenesis marker CD31 (
p < 0.001) in bone. In MTX‐treated rats, genistein suppressed MTX‐induced apoptosis of BM SECs (
p < 0.001 vs MTX alone group) and tended to increase expression of CD31 and VEGF (
p < 0.05). Our in vitro studies showed that genistein in certain concentrations protected cultured SECs from MTX cytotoxic effects. Genistein enhanced tube formation of cultured SECs, which is associated with its ability to induce expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide. These data suggest that genistein can protect BM sinusoids during MTX therapy, which is associated, at least partially, with its indirect effect of promoting VEGF expression in osteoblasts and its direct effect of enhancing nitric oxide production in SECs.
A new and simple kinetic model for assessing the dynamic behavior and simulating the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of sewage sludge in the presence of fly ash
Authors: Huiliñir César , Montalvo Silvio , Borja Rafael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe modeling of anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge including the effect of fly ash has been studied only scarcely and has focused mainly on the accumulated methane (CH4). The present work was aimed at assessing the complete dynamic behavior of the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of sewage sludge in the presence of fly ash, including both the liquid and gas phases. The model was calibrated and validated for BMPs using eight fly ash concentrations (10, 40, 25, 50 150, 250, 350 and 500 mg L−1).RESULTSThe calibration showed that the model fits well with the experimental data, with the values of the parameters falling in the range reported in the literature. The calibrated model was able to describe properly the behavior of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids in the liquid phase, with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and correlation coefficients (CC) ranging from 0.4052 to 0.2729 and 0.6246 to 0.8172, respectively. For the gas phase, the model was able to represent accurately the daily CH4 production and accumulated CH4, with NRMSE and CC ranging from 0.8915 to 0.07194 and 0.5051 to 0.9736, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed model is robust and valid for all the tested conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, characterization and use of iron oxide nano particles for antibacterial activity
Authors: Saqib Saddam , Munis Muhammad Farooq Hussain , Zaman Wajid , Ullah Fazal , Shah Syed Nasar , Ayaz Asma , Farooq Muhammad , Bahadur Saraj 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this decade, the use of nano particles (NPs) against bacterial growth is increasing day by day due to remarkable alternative properties compared to molecular antibiotics. Thus, the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has proven one of the most important transition metals oxide‐based remedy in nanotechnological advances and biological applications due to enriched biocompatibility of iron. In this study synthesis of IONPs was carried out via co‐precipitation method. The crystallographic morphology of the synthesized particles was studied via X‐ray diffraction which revealed cubic structure of the particles, whereas, the spinal shaped morphology of the prepared NPs was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, the presence of the major elements in the sample was determined through energy dispersive X‐ray analysis characterization. Bactericidal effect of the NPs was assessed at pre‐defined concentrations (50 and 100 μg/ml) against Gram +ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram −ve bacteria Shigella dysentry and Escherichia coli. Bacterial strains, which demonstrate the potential of NPs. The purpose of this study was assessing the structure of the synthesized NPs for protective effect against harmful bacterial activity.
Bipartite spanning sub(di)graphs induced by 2‐partitions
Authors: Bang‐Jensen J. , Bessy S. , Havet F. , Yeo A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFor a given ‐partition of the vertices of a (di)graph , we study properties of the spanning bipartite subdigraph of induced by those arcs/edges that have one end in each . We determine, for all pairs of nonnegative integers , the complexity of deciding whether has a 2‐partition such that each vertex in (for ) has at least (out‐)neighbours in . We prove that it is ‐complete to decide whether a digraph has a 2‐partition such that each vertex in has an out‐neighbour in and each vertex in has an in‐neighbour in . The problem becomes polynomially solvable if we require to be strongly connected. We give a characterisation of the structure of ‐complete instances in terms of their strong component digraph. When we want higher in‐degree or out‐degree to/from the other set, the problem becomes ‐complete even for strong digraphs. A further result is that it is ‐complete to decide whether a given digraph has a ‐partition such that is strongly connected. This holds even if we require the input to be a highly connected eulerian digraph.
Noncontrast MR angiography: An update
Authors: Edelman Robert R. , Koktzoglou Ioannis 
Published: December 2018

Both computed tomography (CT) angiography (CTA) and contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (CEMRA) have proven to be useful and accurate cross‐sectional imaging modalities over a wide range of vascular territories and vascular disorders. A key advantage of MRA is that, unlike CTA, it can be performed without the administration of a contrast agent. In this review article we consider the motivations for using noncontrast MRA, potential contrast mechanisms, imaging techniques, advantages, and drawbacks with respect to CTA and CEMRA, and the level of evidence for using the various MRA techniques. In addition, we explore new developments that promise to expand the reliability and range of clinical applications for noncontrast MRA, along with functional MRA capabilities not available with CTA or CEMRA.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:355–373.
Surrogate‐assisted tolerance analysis of low‐sidelobe linear arrays with microstrip corporate feeds
Authors: Koziel Slawomir , Ogurtsov Stanislav 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of fast statistical analysis of low‐sidelobe linear arrays with microstrip corporate feeds using surrogate‐assisted methods. Tolerances normally lead to a degradation of array performance with respect to circuit and radiation pattern characteristics. Tolerances may be pertinent to array elements, spacing, feed dimensions, and microstrip substrate parameters. Sidelobe level (SLL) is affected by these parameter deviations in case of low sidelobe designs. Accurate evaluation of an SLL requires full‐wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations, which can be very computationally expensive. Consequently, performing statistical analysis directly at the level of the EM model of the array is impractical. Here, we discuss techniques that permits fast tolerance analysis yet at the high‐fidelity level of EM modeling. These include various surrogate modeling and correction techniques that are used to align the fast surrogates with the respective EM models.
Exploring a temporal relationship between biofilm microbiota and inflammatory mediators during resolution of naturally occurring gingivitis
Authors: Stone Simon J. , Kumar Purnima S. , Offenbacher Steven , Heasman Peter A. , McCracken Giles I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study uses multiple, contemporary methodologies to expand our knowledge of the temporal relationship between host‐microbial interactions and clinical signs of gingivitis.MethodsSubgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples were collected from 31 systemically healthy adults with naturally occurring plaque‐induced gingivitis. Professional prophylaxis was administered and participants were followed over 7 weeks. Microbial characterization was performed using a bead‐based hybridization assay and cytokine analysis using bead‐based flow cytometry.ResultsThe provision of sequential interventions, oral hygiene instruction, and subsequent professional prophylaxis brought about significant reduction of plaque and resolution of gingivitis at all post baseline time points (P < 0.0001). Candidate cytokines that increased significantly (95% level) were interleukin (IL)‐1β, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐1, MMP‐3, MMP‐8, MMP‐9, from baseline to week 2; regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) at week 4 and week 8; macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α and MIP‐1β at week 8. Resolution of inflammation was accompanied by a shift in the microbiological flora toward those species associated with health.ConclusionsThis study provides further evidence of the dynamic relationships that exist between the overt clinical signs, the microbial biofilm, and the host response in gingivitis and upon resolution following clinical interventions. Understanding the interactions between the host immune system and subgingival microbial communities during the resolution of established gingivitis continues to evolve as additional knowledge is achieved through using new analytical technologies. The present study confirms a critical effect of oral hygiene measures on restoration of microbial eubiosis in subgingival communities, confirming the important role for home care and professional intervention in maintaining oral health.
Effect of triple superphosphate and biowaste compost on mycorrhizal colonization and enzymatic P mobilization under maize in a long‐term field experiment
Authors: Peine Manuela , Vitow Nora , Grafe Martin , Baum Christel , Zicker Theresa , Eichler-Löbermann Bettina , Schulz Stefanie , Schloter Michael , Leinweber Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhosphorus (P) fertilizers and mycorrhiza formation can both significantly improve the P supply of plants, but P fertilizers might inhibit mycorrhiza formation and change the microbial P cycling. To test the dimension and consequences of P fertilizer impacts under maize (Zea maysL.), three fertilizer treatments (1) triple superphosphate (TSP, 21–30 kg P ha−1annually), biowaste compost (ORG, 30 Mg ha−1wet weight every third year) and a combination of both (OMI) were compared to a non‐P‐fertilized control (C) in 2015 and 2016. The test site was a long‐term field experiment on a Stagnic Cambisol in Rostock (NE Germany). Soil microbial biomass P (Pmic) and soil enzyme activities involved in P mobilization (phosphatases and ß‐glucosidase), plant‐available P content (double lactate‐extract; PDL), mycorrhizal colonization, shoot biomass, and shoot P concentrations were determined. P deficiency led to decreased P immobilization in microbial biomass, but the maize growth was not affected. TSP application alone promoted the P uptake by the microbial biomass but reduced the mycorrhizal colonization of maize compared to the control by more than one third. Biowaste compost increased soil enzyme activities in the P cycling, increased Pmicand slightly decreased the mycorrhizal colonization of maize. Addition of TSP to biowaste compost increased the content of PDLin soil to the level of optimal plant supply. Single TSP supply decreased the ratio of PDL:Pmicto 1:1 from about 4:1 in the control. Decreased plant‐benefits from mycorrhizal symbiosis were assumed from decreased mycorrhizal colonization of maize with TSP supply. The undesirable side effects of TSP supply on the microbial P cycling can be alleviated by the use of compost. Thus, it can be concluded that the plant‐availability of P from soil amendments is controlled by the amendment‐specific microbial P cycling and, likely, P transfer to plants.
Human disturbance affects latrine‐use patterns of raccoon dogs
Authors: Tsunoda Marie , Kaneko Yayoi , Sako Takako , Koizumi Ririko , Iwasaki Kaori , Mitsuhashi Ibuki , Saito Masayuki U. , Hisano Masumi , Newman Chris , Macdonald David W. , Buesching Christina D. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough urbanization is a leading threat to wildlife conservation, some species have adapted to a synanthropic lifestyle. We used a population of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in the Akasaka Imperial Grounds in central Tokyo, Japan to investigate how latrine‐using carnivores can maintain their socio‐spatial organization with human disturbance. Between 2012 and 2014, we selected 4–11 latrines per year (from a max. of 18 latrines recorded in the area) using 1 camera per latrine. We focused on latrines that included varying levels of human disturbance. We analyzed the temporal patterns of 3,257 latrine visits, of which 878 included defecation events. Overall, latrine use (i.e., visits with and without defecation events) increased as winter approached, coinciding with dispersal, and showed a seasonal shift from diurnal to nocturnal use patterns as days got shorter. Generalized linear mixed model results confirmed that temporal visiting and defecation patterns were affected by human disturbance and shifted from diurnal to nocturnal, although overall frequency of visits and defecation events did not decrease at disturbed latrines and raccoon dogs continued to use disturbed latrine sites. Raccoon dogs likely perceive human disturbance as predation risk and avoided this by shifting their temporal, but not spatial, activity pattern to minimize disturbance. Minimizing the amount of disturbance around raccoon‐dog latrines at sensitive sites and times of day would allow them to co‐exist with people with the minimal compromise to their latrine‐centered socio‐spatial organization. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Feasibility of shotgun metagenomics to assess microbial ecology of pediatric tracheostomy tubes
Authors: Wang James C. , Bergeron Mathieu , Andersen Heidi , Tikhtman Raisa , Haslam David , Hunter Tammy , Herr Andrew B. , de Alarcon Alessandro 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveBiofilm formation on medical devices such as tracheostomy tubes (TTs) is a serious problem. The clinical impact of biofilms on the airway is still unclear. Biofilms may play a role in granulation tissue development, recurrent airway infections, and failure of laryngotracheal reconstructions. The microbial ecology on TTs has yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of shotgun metagenomics to assess the biodistribution of microorganisms on TTs.MethodsFour TTs were collected from pediatric patients (1.4–10.2 years) with (n = 2) and without (n = 2) granulation tissue formation. Duration of TT placement prior to retrieval from patients ranged from 5 to 365 days. DNA extraction was performed using the MO BIO UltraClean Microbial Isolation (Mo Bio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA). Library generation using Nextera XT adapters (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) and metagenomic shotgun sequencing was performed using the Illumina NextSeq500 (Illumina Inc, San Diego, CA).Salinibacter ruber, a species not found in mammalian microbiome communities, was used as a DNA standard and represented 0.7% to 5.7% of the microbiome, ensuring good quality and abundance of sample DNA.ResultsMetagenomic shotgun sequencing was successful for all patients. In TTs associated with granuloma,Fusobacterium nucleatum, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, andStreptococcus pneumoniaewere predominant, most of which are considered pathogens. From TTs without granulomas,Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria sicca, Acinetobacter baumannii, andHaemophilus parainfluenzaewere identified, primarily consistent with respiratory microbiome.ConclusionThis study reveals that metagenomic shotgun sequencing of biofilms formed on pediatric TTs is feasible with an apparent difference in microbiome for patients with granulation tissue. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of microbial ecology and its role in airway disease in patients with TTs.Level of Evidence2cLaryngoscope, 129:317–323, 2019