bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of electron dynamics, radical and metastable species generation in atmospheric pressure RF plasma jets by Voltage Waveform Tailoring
Authors: Korolov I , Donkó Z , Hübner G , Bischoff L , Hartmann P , Gans T , Liu Y , Mussenbrock T , Schulze J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Atmospheric pressure capacitively coupled radio frequency discharges operated in He/N2 mixtures and driven by tailored voltage waveforms are investigated experimentally using a COST microplasma reference jet and by means of kinetic simulations as a function of the reactive gas admixture and the number of consecutive harmonics used to drive the plasma. Pulse-type ‘peaks’-waveforms, that consist of up to four consecutive harmonics of the fundamental frequency (f = 13.56 MHz), are used at a fixed peak-to-peak voltage of 400 V. Based on an excellent agreement between experimental and simulation results with respect to the DC self-bias and the spatio-temporal electron impact excitation dynamics, we demonstrate that Voltage Waveform Tailoring allows for the control of the dynamics of energetic electrons, the electron energy distribution function in distinct spatio-temporal regions of interest, and, thus, the generation of atomic nitrogen as well as helium metastables, which are highly relevant for a variety of technological and biomedical applications. By tuning the number of driving frequencies and the reactive gas admixture, the generation of these important species can be optimised. The behaviour of the DC self-bias, which is different compared to that in low pressure capacitive radio frequency plasmas, is understood based on an analytical model.
N.A. Nordenskiöld’s Polar Expeditions and the Russian Society (To the 140th anniversary of the first voyage through the Northeast Passage)
Authors: Yu Skrydlov A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Understanding of the necessity to study the Northeast Passage in the Russian government circles was preceded by a long period of individual enthusiasts’ activities. One of them - N.A. Nordenskiöld made the first navigation from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans in 1878-1879 and proved that the Northeast Passage existed. Nordenskiöld was born in Finland, which was part of the Russian Empire at that period. Despite his emigration to Sweden, the most important part of his activities was the Russian polar seas studies. His expeditions had the great importance for science and became prerequisites for the further polar region research programs. Based on a wide range of historical sources the article examines Nordensheld’s contacts with Russian businessmen, scientific organizations and scientists. Nordenskiöld linked the shipping along the Northern Sea Route to the development of trade in Siberia. Nordenskiöld’s studies coincided with the Russian industrialists M.K. Sidorov’s and A.M. Sibiryakov’s interests so they provided organizational and financial support to the scientist. The Nordenskiöld’s polar expeditions results were scientifically examined by the Russian leading scientific institutions - St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and the Russian Geographical Society, where they were highly evaluated. Creating classical scientific works about the Russian North scientists used Nordenskiöld’s data. S.O. Makarov and D.I. Mendeleev were inspired by Nordenskiöld’s scientific success and proposed a project to study the Arctic region with a new type of ships – icebreakers.
The History of Explorations of the Arctic Region: the Nuclear-Powered Icebreaker Lenin
Authors: Prishchepa A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The nuclear-powered icebreaker Lenin contributed greatly to the exploration of the arctic regions of the USSR. In the 1950s, the national economy of the USSR made a successful recovery. Jobs related to the development of northern and arctic territories were resumed. For the Soviet Union, expanding exploration of the country’s arctic regions was a top priority. It was presented before research scientists and polar explorers by the country’s highest leaders. Voyages in the Arctic were limited by a short period of navigation due to the thick layer of ice. The movement of vessels in the arctic regions was often impeded by ice, affecting navigation and communication with areas of the arctic and subarctic belts. During this time, powerful icebreakers would come to the aid of the ships. They helped pass communication along the Northern Sea Route from the west to the east of the Soviet Union. The 20th Congress of the CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) directed the public at working on creating nuclear installations for transportation purposes. The industrial expansion, which could be seen in the growth of the national economy in the arctic and northern territories of the USSR, required the creation of a powerful fleet of icebreakers for escorting caravans of ships and providing navigation along the Northern Sea Route. In this case, the stakes were placed on icebreaking vessels. These were ships which could independently remain in the arctic territories for quite a long time without refueling or ports of call. At the beginning of the design process of the nuclear-powered ship Lenin, the Soviet Union had previous experience in constructing icebreakers and nuclear installations. Thanks to the joint work of scientists, engineers, and technicians came a ship which confirmed the high specifications. It was successfully used in the most difficult conditions of navigation at arctic latitudes.
The Arctic region in the economic and geographical concept of Vladimir Dehn
Authors: Ulyanova S B , Anosova N E , Fisheva A A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the views on the Arctic region of Russia expressed by V.E. Dehn (1867-1933), an outstanding Russian researcher in the field of economic geography who developed the theoretical background of this science and contributed to the organization of teaching economic geography in theuniversities of St.Petersburg (Leningrad).The analysis of the book collection created by V. Dehnin 1902 at the Economic Geography Department at St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute which was regularly replenished with various publications on commodity science, railway engineering, aviation, statistics, geopolitics and other materialsenabled the authors to look into the «intellectual laboratory» of V. Dehn. In his assessments of the prospects for the Arctic region development, V. Dehn used the descriptions of sea polar expeditions, ethnographic surveys of the life of the aboriginal population, governmental reports and scientific reviews of the regional economy development, etc. Within the framework of sectoral economic and geographical concept, V. Dehn’s interest in the North region wasdue to the prospects for the development of forestry and timber industry in Russia. V. Dehnreferred to transport inaccessibility and low population density as the main obstacle for the economic development of the Arctic territories and Siberia. Hence, the researcher paid special attention to railway construction projects developed in the early twentieth century, considering them the primary factor in the colonization of the North. The historical development has shown that the colonization of the Arctic in the twentieth century was associated with the discovery of rich mineral deposits in the region and their industrial production. The researcher highlighted the global importance of the Northern Sea Route as a transport corridor.
Little-known resource expeditions of A.F. Gebel and G.F. Gebel on the Kola Peninsula in the late 19th – early 20th centuries
Authors: Shabalina O V , Kazakova K S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of a study to identify new possible historical sources and determine their informational potential for historical reconstruction of the process of preparing and conducting little-known expeditionary researches of mineralogist A.F. Gebel and naturalist, ornithologist H.F. Gebel on the Kola Peninsula in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Within the framework of humanitarian and system approaches, the research methodology was based on general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, archival, source study, problem-chronological, comparative, historical-genetic (retrospective) methods. The studies of the North-West of the Russian Empire represented a separate area of expeditionary academic research. At that time, private expeditions were organized, related to the development of industry in Russia, which made necessary the study of internal natural resources, mainly in the European part of Russia and the comprehensive studies of the extreme northern and arctic regions. The revealed archival materials of the fund of the Office of the Conference of the Academy of Sciences and the personal fund of the Director of the Mineralogical Museum of the Academy of Sciences A.F. Gebel represent a multidimensional complex thematic body of sources, consisting of creative, personal, organizational, administrative, protocolar, reporting documentation and business correspondence. Sources for studying the biography and expeditionary activity of H.F. Gebel were obituaries and lifetime published reporting expedition materialspaper presents the results of a study to identify new possible historical sources and determine their informational potential for historical reconstruction of the process of preparing and conducting little-known expeditionary researches of mineralogist A.F. Gebel and naturalist, ornithologist H.F. Gebel on the Kola Peninsula in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Within the framework of humanitarian and system approaches, the research methodology was based on general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, archival, source study, problem-chronological, comparative, historical-genetic (retrospective) methods
Geographical and statistical descriptions of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea, made by Russian officers of the General Staff and Navy in the XIX – early XX centuries
Authors: Mikhailov A A , Sosnina M N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper considers geographical and statistical descriptions of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea, prepared in the XIX – early XX centuries by officers of the Russian General Staff and Navy, analyzes the contribution of military and navy specialists in the study of polar and circumpolar territories of the Russian North. Already in the 1820s, research on the Murmansk coast was also carried out by officers-hydrographers of the Navy Department, whose purpose was to clarify map and establish sea routes. In the 1830s and 40s, military geography and military statistics were formed in the Imperial Military Academy (later the General Staff Academy) as separate branches of knowledge. The latter fulfilled the functions of a generalizing science, the purpose of which was to analyze from a military point of view the widest possible range of data (geographical, demographic, economic, etc.) on a particular territory. Following this principle, the officers of the General Staff, who in the 1840-60s were making military and statistical reviews of Arkhangelsk province, which included the Murmansk coast (L.L. Shtyurmer, A.E. Zimmerman, N.N. Kozlov, and others), tried to make the description of the complex character. A new impulse for the study of the Murmansk coast by military experts was given in the 1880s by the idea of creating a naval base in the Barents Sea, which would provide the possibility of a cruising war against Britain or other strong maritime power. In general, in the XIX – early XX centuries, military specialists made a significant contribution to the study of the Murmansk coast, the collection and synthesis of information on geography, hydrography, ethnography of the Murmansk coast and the Russian North as a whole,
Scientific approaches to defining the territorial boundaries of the Arctic
Authors: Federov V P , Zhuravel V P , Grinyaev S N , Medvedev D A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of determining the boundaries of the Arctic territories belonging to the Arctic. The authors identified political, economic and other factors affecting the definition of territories belonging to the Arctic. Documents of subarctic countries, in particular, Canada, USA, Norway, etc., are considered. It is noted that in the Arctic countries there is no universal understanding of the territories belonging to the Arctic and the Arctic zone. It is especially difficult to determine the southern borders of the Arctic. Also there is no international agreement or treaty that unambiguously and unequivocally define the legal status of the Artic. In USSR main criteria for identifying the southern boundary of the Arctic were the Arctic Circle, the mean multiyear 10ºC isotherm of July, and the permafrost zone. However, the use of variables leads to the “mobility” of the Arctic boundaries, especially in the face of climate change on the planet. On the basis of Russian domestic documents, the boundaries of the territories that are included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are determined. The authors draw attention to the need for Russia to protect its sovereignty in the Arctic, the elimination and correction of errors in this direction.
Information support tools for regional security management in the Arctic
Authors: Bystrov V , Masloboev A , Putilov V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The research work is oriented to methodology and information technologies development for security network-centric control of regional socio-economic systems (by the example of Arctic zone of Russia). It is necessary to significant and relevant scientific problem solving of regional security decentralized control efficiency enhancement of the Arctic regions which are exposed to impact by the set of heterogeneous factors, that condition high risks of natural, technogenic and socio-economic emergency and crisis situations appearance. The main scope of our investigation is information infrastructure of the multi-level distributed system for Arctic regional security organizational management. For problem solving under research new models and methods, providing efficiency enhancement of that system functioning at the expense of activities adequate information and analytical support and coordination of the organizationally heterogeneous security control actors, have been developed. The article deals with the development problems of an integrated network-centric information infrastructure for regional security management support in the Arctic regions. For this type problem-solving application of the developed complex methodology, including a network-centric control model, simulation and conceptual modeling, multi-agent technologies, design and implementation methods of distributed information management systems has been proposed. The description of research and work-out results is given, namely the polymodel complex, the multi-agent modeling technology and the decision-making support system in the field of regional security by the example of Murmansk region. The received results constitute the foundation for regional security network-centric control system development. Research developments allow to operability and managerial decision-making efficiency enhancement in the field of Arctic regional security support and control subject to impact of heterogeneous factors. The represented results are applicable for new security distributed control system synthesis of various nature and scale complex objects, and for functioning operability and precision enhancement of the already existing security support systems of critically significant objects and infrastructures of Arctic region.
Developing the technology of foodstuffs using ingredients rich in ω-3 PUFA
Authors: Volchenko V , Grokhovsky V , Glukharev A , Nesvyashchenko S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The problems of developing functional foods enriched with ω-3-polyunsatturated fatty acids are discussed in this article. Cod liver is chosen as a source of such valuable substances. The problems of processing and using the cod liver are reviewed. A method of using of microwave-cooked cod liver without sterilization as a base of a series of production is proposed. The results of experimental researches of developing and choosing an optimal composition of different products (meat and fish sausages with addition the cod liver or its oil with microwave-cooked cod liver, bakery products) are shown. The composition of frankfurters with fish mince, meat and cod liver oil has been optimized.Basic composition of frankfurters with meat, fish protein isolate (FPI), and cod liver has been chosen and then optimized both for main ingredients (meat, fish, and cod liver) and for additives (fermented rice, guar gum). The technology of bakery products using fish oil as a bakery agent (combining with glutathione from inactivated yeasts) has been developed. The characteristics of the gluten with such bakery agents has been studied. Test bakings have been carried out for such bread with addition of algae, bran, and milk thistle. All samples have been evaluated for sensory and structural characteristics.
Extrusion as an element of resource and energy saving technologies for processing of underutilised cartilage fish of the Northern Basin
Authors: Golubeva O A , Greekov E O , Malaeva A V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Currently one of the main objectives of the domestic fishery complex development is to increase the efficiency of aquatic biological resources (ABR) extraction and optimize their processing. Accelerating rate of ABR processing is associated with the search and implementation of energy-saving, low-waste and waste-free technologies to increase the number and expand the diversity of feed and food products. Starry ray (Raja radiata) is valuable raw material containing significant amount of high-quality protein, as well as a number of important trace elements for nutrition, such as cobalt, nickel, fluorine, chromium, copper, iodine, iron, sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium, vitamin PP and others. High content of chondroitin sulfate in starry ray meat makes it an indispensable component of functional nutrition, as well as in the production of special feeds. The study of grinding process of frozen raw material from starry ray on a piston-type extrusion unit with cooled working bodies allowed to determine rational grinding regimes with the lowest possible energy costs. The subsequent organoleptic evaluation of the obtained minced meat confirmed that the product has homogeneous structure and crumbly, juicy texture. In order to establish the shelf life of the semi-finished product produced, standard tests were carried out to determine the quality and safety parameters during its storage. To do this, organoleptic indicators were monitored, and the dynamics of fluctuations of nitrogen content of volatile bases being the indicator of the prevailing type of damage to this product. The determination of nitrogen in volatile bases was carried out using titrimetry. The results of the study can be used in the development of feed mixtures.
Energy efficient systems and regimes at fish products drying processes
Authors: Pokholchenko V , Smirnova A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
When designing modern technologies and modes of food raw material processing, it is necessary to use technological systems allowing to make products safe for the consumer and with minimal labor and energy costs. Modern processing complexes need methods of raw material processing are essential to reduce the cost of production and improve the efficiency of technological equipment. To increase the productivity of technological lines and the level of development of a modern enterprise, an integrated approach to improving processes and equipment is required, provided that the finished products are of high quality. Scientific and design developments of the authors associated with the improvement of the efficiency of technological equipment are aimed at solving the following technical and operational tasks: improving the efficient and economical use of resources; enhancing the quality, uniformity and environmental safety of products; increasing the productivity of the processes and reducing their complexity. The design of the equipment is based on providing the efficient processing modes, identified on the basis of the laws of the processes under study. The technology of dried fish snacks production with heat pump using was developed. The designed original unit for effective mechanical processing of minced fish is utilized in technology.
Comparative analysis of temperature loggers used in the development of regimes for heat treatment of food production in autoclaves
Authors: Stolyanov A , Zhuk A , Kaychenov A , Kuranova L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Heat treatment processes carried out in an autoclave at a temperature from 60 up to 130 °C are usually applied in the canned food production. Actual process lethality value is used as a criterion determining the product readiness and its microbiological safety. It is computed by summing the lethal effect values of heating obtained at different temperatures recorded inside the tin can with product. Loggers (thermographs) are special technical means of temperature measurement and recording in an electronic storage device, used to automate the task of obtaining product temperature kinetics. The article provides a comparative analysis of the widespread Thermochron DS1922T (used in the Thermochron protector capsule) and Ellab TrackSense PRO loggers, which protection class allows working in conditions (water, high temperatures and pressure) specific for typical heat treatment product regime. The logger Ellab TrackSense PRO was accepted as an etalon. Loggers recorded the temperature at the least heated point of the autoclave sterilization chamber during all processes. The graphs of temperature kinetics for pasteurization and sterilization processes were received in series of experiments. Thermochron thermographs absolute and relative errors, declared by the manufacturer, are experimentally verified. In result, the conclusion and recommendations of thermal recorder Thermochron DS1922T utilization are given.
Information and analytical support for the industrial and ecological safety management of Arctic communications
Authors: Yakovlev S , Putilov V , Masloboev A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to information technologies for ensuring the technogenic-ecological safety of the Arctic communications development. Creation of information technologies requires taking into account of global, federal, regional features and developing of modern methods and approaches to hazards and risks modeling and assessing. An assembly technology for weakly structured problem-oriented information in the field of Arctic regions safety management has been developed. A feature of the technology is the use of modifiable structures - patterns, which ensures the automation of the project domain conceptual model generation. An information and analytical system to support emergency control planning at the level of potentially hazardous industrial objects and complexes has been developed. By integrating the functions of accessing to the normative and methodical foundation, of generating the typical planning documents, of risk estimating and of maintaining the safety management archive the system ensures the fast generation of the necessary plans and documents for the prevention and elimination of typical industrial and natural accidents. The system was tested during the designing of planning documents for a number of potentially dangerous objects and complexes of the Murmansk region and the applied problems solving in field of Northern Sea Route ecological safety. The obtained results provide a time reduction and a labor saving for the design and coordination of managerial decisions in the socio-economic and natural-technogenic regional crisis situations. Developments can also be used to new systems synthesize for distributed safety management of complex socio-economic objects, as well as to improve the operability and accuracy of existing systems for safety support of critically important objects and infrastructures.