bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed fiber optic sensing for crack detection in concrete structures
Authors: Fischer Oliver , Thoma Sebastian , Crepaz Simone 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe method of fiber optic strain measurement offers promising perspectives for experimental research and also provides extensive new capabilities for the systematic monitoring of engineering structures. A robust but sufficiently sensitive configuration of measuring device and passive optical fiber is desirable in practical application. In this context, a total of five different optical measuring fibers were analyzed at the Chair of Concrete Structures at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) for different application variants using two measuring instruments on a prestressed concrete beam. Fiber optics, supplemented by conventional measuring technology, was able to detect elastic strain, crack formation, and decisive shear cracks of the fracture state.
A Modular Phosphorylated Glycoluril‐Derived Molecular Tweezer for Potent Binding of Aliphatic Diamines
Authors: Heilmann Michael , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA molecular tweezer based on a glycoluril‐derived framework bearing four phosphate groups was synthesized and shown to be capable of binding organic amines in aqueous solution. This work reports the Ka values for 30 complexes of this molecular tweezer and amine guests, determined by means of 1H NMR titrations. Both the hydrophobic cavity and the phosphate groups contribute to the binding. Bulkier molecules and molecules bearing negatively charged groups like carboxylates in amino acids bind less tightly due to a steric clash and coulombic repulsion. The narrow cavity and the strong ionic interactions of the phosphate groups with ammonium guests favor binding of aliphatic diamines. These binding properties clearly distinguish this system from structurally related molecular clips and tweezers.
Nonmetal Doping as a Robust Route for Boosting the Hydrogen Evolution of Metal‐Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Hu Qi , Li Guomin , Han Zhen , Wang Ziyu , Huang Xiaowan , Yang Hengpan , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , He Chuanxin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently, nonmetal doping has exhibited its great potential for boosting the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of transition‐metal (TM)‐based electrocatalysts. To this end, this work overviews the recent achievements made on the design and development of the nonmetal‐doped TM‐based electrocatalysts and their performance for the HER. It is also shown that by rationally doping nonmetal elements, the electronic structures of TM‐based electrocatalysts can be effectively tuned and in turn the Gibbs free energy of the TM for adsorption of H* intermediates (ΔGH*) optimized, consequently enhancing the intrinsic activity of TM‐based electrocatalysts. Notably, we highlight that concurrently doping two nonmetal elements can continuously and precisely regulate the electronic structures of the TM, thereby maximizing the activity for HER. Moreover, nonmetal doping also accounts for enhancing the physical properties of the TM (i.e. surface area). Therefore, nonmetal doping is a robust strategy for simultaneous regulation of the chemical and physical features of the TM.
Aromatic Embrace Motifs for Bulk Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Lanigan Nicholas , Assoud Abdeljalil , Zhang Wei , Wang Xiaosong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFrequently encountered in crystalline materials, aromatic embraces (AEs) are formed when arylated molecules interact through multiple concerted aromatic interactions. AEs are a robust motif that is suitable for the preparation of amorphous bulk supramolecular polymers (BSPs). Crystal engineering revealed that the polymorphic compound (PPh3)(Cp)Fe(CO){CO(CH2)5CH3} (Cp=cyclopentadienyl), known as FpC6, assembled into various chain structures through several AE motifs. Upon melting, FpC6 always adopted the same AE motif, which extended into the corresponding embracing “ladder” chains. The resultant BSP displayed typical polymer behaviour, including the presence of a glass transition and viscoelasticity, which allowed the effect of thermal history on the polymerisation behaviour to be explored. The ladder chains formed by the AE remain assembled at temperatures of up to 130 °C and were able to effectively suppress crystallisation during cooling. The ability of the AE to form chains at high temperatures and suppress crystallisation is a new opportunity to advance the field of BSPs and supramolecular chemistry.
Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest among authors of American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Saleh Ramy R. , Majeed Habeeb , Tibau Ariadna , Booth Christopher M. , Amir Eitan 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundClinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are crucial to the practice of evidence‐based medicine. Declared author financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs) are common in CPGs and have been associated with endorsement of treatment. Less is known about undeclared FCOIs.MethodsThe American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) website was searched to identify all CPGs for systemic therapy published between August 2013 and June 2018. Data on self‐reported author FCOIs and funding sources were extracted. The Open Payments database was then searched to identify compensation to CPG authors. Concordance between declared and undeclared but verified FCOIs was assessed with Cohen's κ.ResultsFor 26 CPGs, 314 nonduplicate authors were identified; 184 of these authors (59%) disclosed FCOIs. Among the remaining 130 authors, data in Open Payments were unavailable for 71 authors (non‐US residents or authors affiliated with a nonprofit organization). Among the 59 authors who declared no FCOIs and for whom Open Payments data were available, 55 (93%) had received payment from industry. The κ value for agreement between disclosed and verified FCOIs was 0.092. Among the 243 authors with FCOIs verifiable via Open Payments, 239 (98%) received payment from industry. Thirty‐four authors (62%) received more than $1000 in nonresearch funding, and 19 (35%) received more than $5000. Among the 52 first and last authors, 44 (85%) received payment from industry; 14 of these payments (32%) were not declared.ConclusionsFCOIs among authors of ASCO CPGs are common and are not disclosed by a substantial proportion of authors with Open Payments data. Improved transparency of FCOIs should become standard practice among CPG authors. Professional societies and journal editors need to create a mechanism to verify self‐reported FCOIs.
Study on metamerism degree evaluation based on wavelength sensitive cone weighting algorithm
Authors: Chen Danqing , Xie Wen , Wan Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetamerism phenomenon can be used in illuminant detection to ensure the accuracy of light source. A method based on Long‐, Middle‐, Short‐ wavelength cones(LMS) weighting algorithm to evaluate metamerism degree is proposed. The chromatic relationship between the degree of metamerism mismatch and the light source is studied. Herein, the consistency between the metameric indices (MIs) and CIE1976 L*a*b* color difference ranking is analyzed by SRCC, KRCC, PLCC and RMSE. A statistically sampling method to obtain practical LMS cone fundamentals to evaluate metamerism degree is employed. The analysis results obtained show that the method based on LMS weighting algorithm has good evaluation ability and stability in simulation experiments and statistically sampling experiments, which are in line with visual characteristics of human. Proposed method meets the requirements of selecting metameric pairs used in light source detection. The analysis results have certain guiding significance.
Purification and Application of Genetically Encoded Potassium Ion Indicators for Quantification of Potassium Ion Concentrations within Biological Samples
Authors: Bischof H. , Burgstaller S. , Vujic N. , Madl T. , Kratky D. , Graier W. F. , Malli R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVital cells maintain a steep potassium ion (K+) gradient across the plasma membrane. Intracellular potassium ion concentrations ([K+]) and especially the [K+] within the extracellular matrix are strictly regulated, the latter within a narrow range of ∼3.5 to 5.0 mM. Alterations of the extracellular K+ homeostasis are associated with severe pathological alterations and systemic diseases including hypo‐ or hypertension, heart rate alterations, heart failure, neuronal damage or abnormal skeleton muscle function. In higher eukaryotic organisms, the maintenance of the extracellular [K+] is mainly achieved by the kidney, responsible for K+ excretion and reabsorption. Thus, renal dysfunctions are typically associated with alterations in serum‐ or plasma [K+]. Generally, [K+] quantifications within bodily fluids are performed using ion selective electrodes. However, tracking such alterations in experimental models such as mice features several difficulties, mainly due to the small blood volume of these animals, hampering the repetitive collection of sample volumes required for measurements using ion selective electrodes. We have recently developed highly sensitive, genetically encoded potassium ion indicators, the GEPIIs, applicable for in vitro determinations of [K+]. In addition to the determination of [K+] within bodily fluids, GEPIIs proved suitable for the real‐time visualization of cell viability over time and the exact determination of the number of dead cells. © 2019 The Authors.
Influence of Van der Waals Interactions on the Solvation Energies of Adsorbates at Pt‐Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Granda‐Marulanda Laura P. , Builes Santiago , Koper Marc T. M. , Calle‐Vallejo Federico 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolvation can significantly modify the adsorption energy of species at surfaces, thereby influencing the performance of electrocatalysts and liquid‐phase catalysts. Thus, it is important to understand adsorbate solvation at the nanoscale. Here we evaluate the effect of van der Waals (vdW) interactions described by different approaches on the solvation energy of *OH adsorbed on near‐surface alloys (NSAs) of Pt. Our results show that the studied functionals can be divided into two groups, each with rather similar average *OH solvation energies: (1) PBE and PW91; and (2) vdW functionals, RPBE, PBE‐D3 and RPBE‐D3. On average, *OH solvation energies are less negative by ∼0.14 eV in group (2) compared to (1), and the values for a given alloy can be extrapolated from one functional to another within the same group. Depending on the desired level of accuracy, these concrete observations and our tabulated values can be used to rapidly incorporate solvation into models for electrocatalysis and liquid‐phase catalysis.
Radio resource allocation using genetic algorithm in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Kao Shang‐Juh , Hsiao Kuo‐Chan , Chang Fu‐Min 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRadio resource management to enable user association and resource block (RB) allocation is crucial for enhancing the performance of heterogeneous networks (HetNets), which are required for fifth generation (5G) mobile networks. This paper proposed a resource allocation technique based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for use in HetNets. We aimed to optimize user association and RB allocation simultaneously to fulfill multiple objectives, such as throughput and fairness measure. In addition to the four primary phases used in GA process, namely initialization, crossover, mutation, and selection, a further operator was provided for managing illegal offspring generated during a GA process. We performed a simulation to compare the proposed GA‐based approach with best channel quality indicator (CQI) algorithm and integer linear programming (ILP) approach in terms of total throughput and fairness measure. The simulation results revealed that the total throughput obtained using the proposed approach is 32.7% and 37.6% better than that obtained using the ILP and best CQI approaches, respectively. Moreover, the fairness measure obtained using the proposed GA‐based approach was 31.8% and 33.2% higher than that obtained using ILP and best CQI approaches, respectively.
Estimating offsets for avian displacement effects of anthropogenic impacts
Authors: Shaffer Jill A. , Loesch Charles R. , Buhl Deborah A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiodiversity offsetting, or compensatory mitigation, is increasingly being used in temperate grassland ecosystems to compensate for unavoidable environmental damage from anthropogenic developments such as transportation infrastructure, urbanization, and energy development. Pursuit of energy independence in the United States will expand domestic energy production. Concurrent with this increased growth is increased disruption to wildlife habitats, including avian displacement from suitable breeding habitat. Recent studies at energy‐extraction and energy‐generation facilities have provided evidence for behavioral avoidance and thus reduced use of habitat by breeding waterfowl and grassland birds in the vicinity of energy infrastructure. To quantify and compensate for this loss in value of avian breeding habitat, it is necessary to determine a biologically based currency so that the sufficiency of offsets in terms of biological equivalent value can be obtained. We describe a method for quantifying the amount of habitat needed to provide equivalent biological value for avifauna displaced by energy and transportation infrastructure, based on the ability to define five metrics: impact distance, impact area, pre‐impact density, percent displacement, and offset density. We calculate percent displacement values for breeding waterfowl and grassland birds and demonstrate the applicability of our avian‐impact offset method using examples for wind and oil infrastructure. We also apply our method to an example in which the biological value of the offset habitat is similar to the impacted habitat, based on similarity in habitat type (e.g., native prairie), geographical location, land use, and landscape composition, as well as to an example in which the biological value of the offset habitat is dissimilar to the impacted habitat. We provide a worksheet that informs potential users how to apply our method to their specific developments and a framework for developing decision‐support tools aimed at achieving landscape‐level conservation goals.
The effect of oral essential amino acids on incretin hormone production in youth and ageing
Authors: Abdulla Haitham , Bass Joseph J. , Stokes Tanner , Gorissen Stefan H. M. , McGlory Chris , Phillips Bethan E. , Phillips Stuart M. , Smith Kenneth , Idris Iskandar , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of substantive doses of essential amino acids (EAA) on incretin and insulin production, and the impact of age upon this effect, is ill‐defined.MethodsA 15‐g oral EAA drink was administered to young (N = 8; 26 ± 4.4 years) and older (N = 8; 69 ± 3.8 years) healthy volunteers. Another group of younger volunteers (N = 9; 21 ± 1.9 years) was given IV infusions to achieve equivalent plasma amino acids (AA) profiles. Plasma AA, insulin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) were quantified over 2 hours.ResultsIn younger recruits, EAA‐induced rapid insulinaemia and aminoacidaemia with total amino acids(AA), EAA and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) matched between oral and IV groups. Insulin peaked at 39 ± 29 pmol L−1 at 30 minutes following oral feeding compared to 22 ± 9 pmol L−1 at 60 minutes following IV feeding (P: NS). EAA peaked at 3395 μmol L−1 at 45 minutes during IV infusion compared to 2892 μmol L−1 following oral intake (Feeding effect: P < 0.0001. Oral vs IV feeding: P: NS). There was an 11% greater increase in insulin levels in the 120 minutes duration of the study in response to oral EAA as opposed to IV EAA. GIP increased following oral EAA (452 pmol L−1 vs 232 pmol L−1, P < 0.05). Age did not impact insulin or incretins production.ConclusionPostprandial rises in EAA levels lead to rapid insulinaemia which is higher with oral compared with IV EAA, that is attributed more to GIP and unaffected by age. This finding supports EAA, on their own or as part of high‐protein meal, as nutritive therapeutics in impaired glycaemia and ageing.
Simultaneous Determination of Rosmarinic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid at Poly(o‐Phenylenediamine)/Pt Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Özdokur Kemal Volkan , Koçak Çağrı Ceylan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA system of Pt nanoparticles and poly(ortho‐phenylenediamine) film electrochemically deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE/PoPD/Pt) was fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques were used to identify the surface characteristics of the composite electrode. The conductive polymers and Pt nanoparticles together resulted in a synergistic effect, and the new formed surface was highly active against polyphenolic structures. Rosmarinic acid (RA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) are phenolic compounds found in plants, and they are used in many applications, particularly as pharmaceuticals. The GCE/PoPD/Pt was used for the simultaneous determination of RA and PCA in a pH 2.0 H2SO4 solution for the first time. The RA and PCA concentrations were determined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry. By the amperometry measurement, for RA and PCA, a linear relation was observed in the concentration ranges of 1–55 μmol L−1 and 1–60 μmol L−1, with detection limits of 0.5 μmol L−1 and 0.6 μmol L−1, respectively. In the simultaneous determination with DPV, the detection limits for both RA and PCA were calculated as 0.7 μmol L−1. The GCE/PoPD/Pt was successfully used for the simultaneous determination of RA and PCA in a real sample, and its accuracy was verified by high‐performance liquid chromatography studies.
Drivers of island beach evolution: insights from an island‐scale study at Boa Vista (Cabo Verde)
Authors: Gomes Cesária , Silva Ana Nobre , Taborda Rui , Santos Filipe , Rebelo Luís , Medina Aníbal 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBeach erosion poses significant threat to small island economies which are generally highly dependent on coastal tourism. This work investigates the evolution of the low‐lying sandy coast of Boa Vista through an integrated characterization of coastline and shoreline indicators (over the past four decades) based on aerial imagery. It was found that tandem use of the two indicators was important to obtain a reliable perspective of the Boa Vista low‐lying coastal evolution across a wide range of coastal environments. Results indicate that between 1968 and 2010 the coast was relatively stable, although some spatial variability was recognized. The largest changes were observed at the tips of embayed beaches and a clear coastal progradation was found at the southern (downwind) coastal sectors. Coastal evolution has been dominated by sediment budget and the results put in evidence the sedimentary connections between the beaches across the island, either through bypass and overpass processes. Findings show that understanding coastal evolution at low‐lying islands should be supported on island‐scale observations, being the only scale capable to capture the sedimentary connections between beach systems, that often control coastal evolution. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detrital zircon record of Cambrian (meta‐)sedimentary strata in the western part of the Baoshan Block: Constraints on its eastern boundary and Early Palaeozoic palaeoposition
Authors: Xu Benyan , Li Dapeng , Kang Huan , Song Lijun , Chen Yuelong , Zhang Yulong , Geng Jianzhen 
Published: July 2019

The premise to discuss the evolution of an orogenic belt is to understand the origins and tectonic affinities of various blocks that constitute the orogen. The Baoshan Block in the SE Tibetan Plateau is an ultimate window to observe the orogenic evolution, but its origin and eastern boundary remains debated. In this contribution, we report new detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic data from the Cambrian Baoshan Formation in the middle–western part of the Baoshan Block. Detrital zircon ages range from the Archean to Early Palaeozoic, with age peaks at ~2.5, ~0.95, and ~0.55 Ga. Zircon εHf(t) values exhibit a wide range from negative to positive for each of the three major age groups, indicating diverse magma sources. The eastern boundary for the Baoshan Block should be extended from the Kejie‐Nandinghe Fault to the Changning‐Menglian suture belt, based on not only comparisons of Early Palaeozoic magmatism, sedimentary facies, and provenances for the Palaeozoic strata that developed on both sides of the Kejie‐Nandinghe Fault but also on the regional tectonic framework correlation. The Baoshan Block should be along the Indian margin as the Qiangtang, Tengchong, and Simao‐Indochina blocks in Early Palaeozoic according to the provenance analyses.
Palaeoenvironmental changes in slope carbonates across the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician in western Newfoundland
Authors: Wang Luyi , Azmy Karem 
Published: July 2019

The Martin Point section (western Newfoundland, Canada) spans the uppermost Cambrian Broom Point and Martin Point members of the Green Point Formation (upper Furongian). The investigated interval (~90 m) consists of rhythmites of thinly‐bedded marine carbonates (lime mudstones) alternating with green and black shale and thin conglomerate beds. Samples were extracted from the micritic carbonates, and their preservation was evaluated by multiple petrographic and geochemical examinations. The δ13Corg profile exhibits a positive shift (~2‰) associated with the globally well‐documented negative δ13Ccarb HERB (Hellnmaria–Red Tops boundary) excursion and correlated with similar distinct shifts in the Al, Si, and ∑REE components, thus suggesting contributions from detrital organic matter relatively depleted in 12C induced likely by a eustatic sea‐level drop and enhancement of terrigenous inputs. Similarly, the δ15Norg variations are consistent with the proposed sea‐level drop. This is also correlated with positive shifts on the Fe and Mn profiles reflecting the overprint of terrigenous inputs rather than redox conditions.
Validation study of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale for people with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease in Chinese communities
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Cheng Zaohuo , Li Zemei , Jiang Yan , Zhao Jinfa , Wu Yue , Gu Shouquan , Xu Hong 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveOur study aimed to verify the validity of the Chinese version of Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog) for the community‐dwelling older people in China.MethodsA total of 1276 individuals composed by 628 normal controls (NCs), 572 people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 76 people living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were recruited for the current study. All of the participants underwent ADAS‐Cog, clinical interview and examination, Quick Cognitive Screening Scale for the Elderly, and Activities of Daily Living Scale. The sensitivity and specificity of ADAS‐Cog were calculated, and a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to decide the optimal cutoff points of ADAS‐Cog for screening MCI and AD.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed among the three groups (P <. 001, NC < MCI <AD), in terms of the total and subtask scores of ADAS‐Cog. The optimal cutoff value for MCI was 10 points with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824, sensitivity of 61.4%, and specificity of 93.2%. Comparatively, the best cutoff value for AD was 15 points with an AUC of 0.905, sensitivity of 73.7%, and specificity of 92.4%. The overall accuracy was 70.5%, and the accuracy of diagnosing cognitively healthy older people, MCI patients, and AD patients was 81.7%, 58.0%, and 71.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study illustrates that the Chinese version of the ADAS‐Cog total score is able to detect cognitive impairment of AD patients in Chinese communities but has a lower efficacy for MCI.