bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate detection of renal leukemic involvement in children using 3‐D computed tomography modeling
Authors: Fujiki Toshihiro , Nishimura Ryosei , Mase Shintaro , Kuroda Rie , Ikawa Yasuhiro , Araki Raita , Maeba Hideaki , Yachie Akihiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe rate of renal involvement in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at diagnosis varies between reports because renal involvement is diagnosed on renal size larger than aged‐matched standards on conventional modalities. We propose a new method for precise renal involvement detection using 3‐D enhanced computed tomography (CT) reconstruction.MethodsTwenty‐five children with ALL were evaluated utilizing 3‐D enhanced CT reconstruction to measure renal volume before and after induction therapy, renal mass lesions and renal axis at diagnosis. Renal involvement was defined as a marked decrease of renal volume or the presence of mass lesions.ResultsAccording to the 3D‐CT criteria, nine of 25 patients (36%) had renal involvement. All of them had bilateral mass lesions except for one who had diffuse nephromegaly alone. This method detected renal involvement more accurately than ultrasonography. When using conventional criteria based on the length of the renal axis, 19 of 25 (76%) had renal involvement, including many cases of false‐positive nephromegaly. Patients with renal involvement had significantly more extramedullary involvement according to the 3D‐CT‐based criteria.ConclusionsThe use of 3D‐CT reconstruction was accurate in detecting renal involvement in childhood ALL, most of which consisted of piled up mass lesions. Patients with renal involvement should be worked up for the detection of other extramedullary lesions.
Controls on deposition of shallow marine carbonates and evaporites – lower Permian Gipshuken Formation, central Spitsbergen, Arctic Norway
Authors: Sorento Tone , Olaussen Snorre , Stemmerik Lars 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interbedded shallow marine carbonates and evaporites of the 95 to 105 m thick lower Permian Vengeberget member in central Spitsbergen form a lowstand to possibly early transgressive wedge sandwiched between open marine highstand carbonates along the northern margin of Pangea. Deposition took place on a wide (much greater than 40 000 km2) evaporitic platform separated from the open marine environments to the east by an inferred shelf margin barrier. Based on detailed description of facies in unique mountain‐scale outcrops, five CaSO4 and nine carbonate facies have been identified, all reflecting deposition in shallow evaporitic environments. The gypsum beds represent subaqueous deposition in broad hypersaline lagoons whereas the carbonates were deposited in protected shallow marine to peritidal environments and ooid‐dominated grainstone shoals. Cyclicity is expressed both as lithological shifts from carbonate to CaSO4 deposition and in the stacking of facies during CaSO4 and carbonate deposition. The number of carbonate–evaporite cycles varies from 12 to 28, but the overall thickness of the succession varies only slightly as a result of variations in cycle thickness, from 0·5 to 13·0 m. Two basic types of carbonate units can be recognized and reflect a combination of allocyclic and autocyclic controls. In addition, differential subsidence along older north–south orientated lineaments added to the complexity of cyclicity. The study provides insight into the complexity of the controls on deposition, architecture and dynamics of large‐scale mixed carbonate–evaporite successions formed in the shallow inner part of an epeiric sea or platform.
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Mood, Perceived Exertion, and Performance During a 30-Second Wingate Test
Authors: Jodra Pablo , Domínguez Raúl , Sánchez-Oliver Antonio J. , Veiga-Herreros Pablo , Bailey Stephen J. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Dietary supplementation with inorganic nitrate (NO3−) can enhance high-intensity exercise performance by improving skeletal muscle contractility and metabolism, but the extent to which this might be linked to altered psychophysiological processes is presently unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of NO3−-rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on profile of mood states, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and performance in a 30-second Wingate cycle test. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, cross-over study, 15 subjects completed 2 laboratory sessions after ingesting NO3−-rich or NO3−-depleted (placebo) BJ. Participants initially completed the profile of mood states questionnaire. Subsequently, participants completed a warm-up followed by a 30-second all-out Wingate cycling test. After the Wingate test, participants immediately indicated the RPE of their leg muscles (RPEmuscular), cardiovascular system (RPEcardio), and general RPE (RPEgeneral). Results: Compared with the placebo condition, supplementation with BJ increased peak power output (Wpeak) (+4.4%, 11.5 [0.7] vs 11.1 [1.0] W·kg−1; P = .039) and lowered the time taken to reach Wpeak (7.3 [0.9] vs 8.7 [1.5] s; P = .002) during the Wingate test. The profile of mood states score linked to tension was increased prior to the Wingate test (4.8 [3.0] vs 3.4 [2.4]; P = .040), and RPEmuscular was lowered immediately following the Wingate test (17.7 [1.6] vs 18.3 [1.0]; P = .031), after BJ compared with placebo ingestion. Conclusions: Acute BJ supplementation improved pre-exercise tension, 30-second Wingate test performance, and lowered postexercise RPEmuscular.
Infect and Inject: How
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Exploits Its Major Virulence-Associated Type VII Secretion System, ESX-1
Authors: Tiwari Sangeeta , Casey Rosalyn , Goulding Celia W. , Hingley-Wilson Suzie , Jacobs, Jr. William R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is an ancient master of the art of causing human disease. One important weapon within its fully loaded arsenal is the type VII secretion system.
M. tuberculosis
has five of them: ESAT-6 secretion systems (ESX) 1 to 5. ESX-1 has long been recognized as a major cause of attenuation of the FDA-licensed vaccine
Mycobacterium bovis
BCG, but its importance in disease progression and transmission has recently been elucidated in more detail. This review summarizes the recent advances in (i) the understanding of the ESX-1 structure and components, (ii) our knowledge of ESX-1’s role in hijacking macrophage function to set a path for infection and dissemination, and (iii) the development of interventions that utilize ESX-1 for diagnosis, drug interventions, host-directed therapies, and vaccines.
Pilot study: an intensive care unit sleep promotion protocol
Authors: Knauert Melissa P , Pisani Margaret , Redeker Nancy , Murphy Terry , Araujo Katy , Jeon Sangchoon , Yaggi Henry 
Published: June 2019

PurposeDisturbances, such as in-room activity and sound, are significant sources of sleep disruption among critically ill patients. These factors are potentially modifiable. We tested the impact of an intensive care unit (ICU) sleep promotion protocol on overnight in-room disturbance.MethodsOur protocol restricted non-urgent bedside care from 00:00 to 03:59. Patients were assigned to usual care (n=30) or the sleep protocol (n=26). The primary outcomes were measures of in-room activity, sound and light. These three types of disturbance were compared between arms during a baseline time block (20:00–23:59) and a rest time block (00:00–03:59). We assessed the sleep protocol effect with generalised linear models.ResultsUsual care and sleep protocol patients had equivalent levels of in-room activity, sound and light during the baseline time block (20:00–23:59). In contrast, during the rest time block (00:00–03:59), the sleep protocol arm had 32% fewer room entries (rate ratio (RR) 0.68, p=0.001) and 9.1 fewer minutes of in-room activity (p=0.0002). Also, the length of time between room entrances increased from 26.4 to 45.8 min (p=0.0004). The sleep protocol arm also had lower sound during the rest time block. Mean A-weighted sound was 2.5 decibels lower (p=0.02), and there were 36% fewer peaks (RR 0.64, p=0.02). Light levels were highly variable and not changed by the sleep protocol.ConclusionsSleep promotion protocols can improve in-room activity and sound. This provides a better sleep opportunity and may, therefore, improve ICU sleep.Trial registration number1112009428
Echocardiographic measurements of aortic root diameter (ARD) in collegiate football Athletes at pre-participation evaluation
Authors: Reifsteck Fred , Clugston James R , Carek Stephen , Harmon Kimberly G , Asken Breton Michael , Dillon Michael C , Street Joan , Edenfield Katherine M 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundSome remodelling of the aortic root may be expected to occur with exercise but can already vary due to different body sizes, compositions and genetic predispositions. Attributing the cause of borderline aortic root diameter (ARD) values to either physiological or pathological conditions in American college football athletes is difficult as there is very limited normal reference values in this population. Body surface area (BSA) specific norms are thought to be useful in other cardiac measurements of football athletes.MethodsA retrospective cohort review of pre-participation examination (PPE) transthoracic echocardiogram data from collegiate football athletes was performed. ARD was analysed by field position (linemen, n=137; non-linemen, n=238), race (black, n=216; white, n=158) and BSA for predictive value and associations. Values were compared with non-athlete norms, and collegiate football athlete-specific normal tables were created.ResultsOnly 2.7% of football athletes had ARD measurements above normal non-athlete reference values and the mean athlete ARD values werelowerthan non-athlete values. No athletes had an aortic root >40 mm or were disqualified due to underlying cardiac pathology. Univariate analyses indicated linemen position and increasing BSA was associated with larger values for ARD. BSA outperformed race in predicting ARD. Normal tables were created for ARD stratified by BSA group classification (low, average and high BSA). Proposed clinical cut-offs for normal and abnormal values are reported for raw echocardiograph metrics and their BSA indexed scores.ConclusionsNon-athlete reference values for ARD appear applicable for defining upper limits of normal for most collegiate football athletes. BSA-specific normal values may be helpful in interpreting results for athletes that exceed non-athlete norms.
Early evaluation using a radiomic signature of unresectable hepatic metastases to predict outcome in patients with colorectal cancer treated with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab
Authors: Dohan Anthony , Gallix Benoit , Guiu Boris , Le Malicot Karine , Reinhold Caroline , Soyer Philippe , Bennouna Jaafar , Ghiringhelli Francois , Barbier Emilie , Boige Valérie , Taieb Julien , Bouché Olivier , François Eric , Phelip Jean-Marc , Borel Christian , Faroux Roger , Seitz Jean-Francois , Jacquot Stéphane , Ben Abdelghani Meher , Khemissa-Akouz Faiza , Genet Dominique , Jouve Jean Louis , Rinaldi Yves , Desseigne Françoise , Texereau Patrick , Suc Etienne , Lepage Come , Aparicio Thomas , Hoeffel Christine 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThe objective of this study was to build and validate a radiomic signature to predict early a poor outcome using baseline and 2-month evaluation CT and to compare it to the RECIST1·1 and morphological criteria defined by changes in homogeneity and borders.MethodsThis study is an ancillary study from the PRODIGE-9 multicentre prospective study for which 491 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated by 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) and bevacizumab had been analysed. In 230 patients, computed texture analysis was performed on the dominant liver lesion (DLL) at baseline and 2 months after chemotherapy. RECIST1·1 evaluation was performed at 6 months. A radiomic signature (Survival PrEdiction in patients treated by FOLFIRI and bevacizumab for mCRC using contrast-enhanced CT TextuRe Analysis (SPECTRA) Score) combining the significant predictive features was built using multivariable Cox analysis in 120 patients, then locked, and validated in 110 patients. Overall survival (OS) was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups with the logrank test. An external validation was performed in another cohort of 40 patients from the PRODIGE 20 Trial.ResultsIn the training cohort, the significant predictive features for OS were: decrease in sum of the target liver lesions (STL), (adjusted hasard-ratio(aHR)=13·7, p=1·93×10–7), decrease in kurtosis (ssf=4) (aHR=1·08, p=0·001) and high baseline density of DLL, (aHR=0·98, p<0·001). Patients with a SPECTRA Score >0·02 had a lower OS in the training cohort (p<0·0001), in the validation cohort (p<0·0008) and in the external validation cohort (p=0·0027). SPECTRA Score at 2 months had the same prognostic value as RECIST at 6 months, while non-response according to RECIST1·1 at 2 months was not associated with a lower OS in the validation cohort (p=0·238). Morphological response was not associated with OS (p=0·41).ConclusionA radiomic signature (combining decrease in STL, density and computed texture analysis of the DLL) at baseline and 2-month CT was able to predict OS, and identify good responders better than RECIST1.1 criteria in patients with mCRC treated by FOLFIRI and bevacizumab as a first-line treatment. This tool should now be validated by further prospective studies.Trial registrationClinicaltrial.gov identifier of the PRODIGE 9 study:NCT00952029.Clinicaltrial.gov identifier of the PRODIGE 20 study:NCT01900717.
Resveratrol protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by improving lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis via the PPARα pathway
Authors: Huang Yujie , Lang Hedong , Chen Ka , Zhang Yong , Gao Yanxiang , Ran Li , Yi Long , Mi Mantian , Zhang Qianyong 
Published: June 2019

Resveratrol (RSV), a well-known bioactive compound, has been reported to exert a broad range of health benefits. Accumulating evidence suggests that RSV is beneficial for many metabolic diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of RSV on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats and palmitate acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells. Hepatocytes were incubated with inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) or short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting PPARα, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA) to determine the underlying mechanisms. We found that RSV noticeably ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in rats and inhibited PA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, RSV improved lipid metabolism, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and restored mitochondrial respiratory chain activities. Incubation with inhibitors of PPARα or PPARα siRNA abolished the protective effects of RSV on lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Furthermore, RSV activated the PKA/AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway. Our results provided direct evidence for a novel, PPARα-mediated mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects of RSV on hepatic steatosis. These findings may have important theoretical and application prospects for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Novelty RSV improved lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis and oxidative stress in NAFLD via the PKA/AMPK/PPARα signaling pathway. RSV may have a greater beneficial effect in the early prevention of hepatic steatosis.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Asb2α in T Helper 2 Cells Negatively Regulates Antitumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Spinner Camille A. , Lamsoul Isabelle , Métais Arnaud , Febrissy Chanaëlle , Moog-Lutz Christel , Lutz Pierre G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe escape of cancer cells from host immunosurveillance involves a shift in immune responses, including an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cells. A Th1-dominated immune response predicts positive outcomes in colorectal cancer. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, Asb2α, is expressed in Th2 cells, but its roles in T-cell maturation and cancer are unclear. We provide evidence that the Th2 master regulator, Gata3, induces Asb2. Loss of Asb2 did not affect Th differentiation ex vivo, but reduced IL4 production from Th2 cells. We found that high ASB2 expression was associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer. Loss of Asb2 from hematopoietic cells promoted a Th1 response and attenuated colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Diminished Th2 function correlated with increased IFNγ production and an enhanced type 1 antitumor immune response in Asb2-deficient mice. Our work suggests that Asb2α promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, which in turn is associated with tumor progression in a mouse model of colitis.
Notes on the Open Letter on Jung and ‘Africans’ Published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy in November 2018
Authors: Samuels Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An Open Letter signed by an international and diverse group of Jungian analysts, clinicians and academics on the topic of Jung and ‘Africans’ was published in the British Journal of Psychotherapy in November, 2018. It is presented together with Notes written by Andrew Samuels.
A Reduced-Order Representation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation Based on Reanalyzed Normal Mode Coherences
Authors: Kitsios Vassili , O’Kane Terence J. , Žagar Nedjeljka 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is presented as a series of interacting Rossby and inertial gravity waves of varying vertical scales and meridional extents. These components are isolated by decomposing reanalysis fields into a set of normal mode functions (NMF), which are orthogonal eigenvectors of the linearized primitive equations on a sphere. The NMFs that demonstrate spatial properties compatible with the MJO are inertial gravity waves of zonal wavenumber k = 1 and the lowest meridional index n = 0, and Rossby waves with (k, n) = (1, 1). For these horizontal scales, there are multiple small vertical-scale baroclinic modes that have temporal properties indicative of the MJO. On the basis of one such eastward-propagating inertial gravity wave (i.e., a Kelvin wave), composite averages of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis demonstrate an eastward propagation of the velocity potential, and oscillation of outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation fields over the Maritime Continent, with an MJO-appropriate temporal period. A cross-spectral analysis indicates that only the MJO time scale is coherent between this Kelvin wave and the more energetic modes. Four mode clusters are identified: Kelvin waves of correct phase period and direction, Rossby waves of correct phase period, energetic Kelvin waves of larger vertical scales and meridional extents extending into the extratropics, and energetic Rossby waves of spatial scales similar to that of the energetic Kelvin waves. We propose that within this normal mode framework, nonlinear interactions between the aforementioned mode groups are required to produce an energetic MJO propagating eastward with an intraseasonal phase period. By virtue of the selected mode groups, this theory encompasses both multiscale and tropical–extratropical interactions.
Barrier Effect on MJO Propagation by the Maritime Continent in the MJO Task Force/GEWEX Atmospheric System Study Models
Authors: Ling Jian , Zhao Yuqing , Chen Guiwan 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe simulated Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events in 27 general circulation models (GCMs) are identified using an MJO tracking method. The results suggest that the occurrence frequencies of simulated MJO events can represent a model’s ability to simulate several characteristics of the MJO to a certain extent during boreal winter, such as propagation range, strength, and termination longitude. All tracked MJO events are classified into those that propagate through the Maritime Continent (MC) (MJO-C) and those that do not (MJO-B), and the weakening and blocking effects on MJO propagation by the MC in GCMs were quantified. In general, if a GCM shows a stronger weakening effect on MJO strength over the MC, it tends to produce a stronger blocking effect on MJO propagation over the MC during boreal winter. The barrier effect of the MC on MJO propagation is exaggerated in most GCMs, while it can be underestimated in some GCMs, especially the coupled GCMs. Strong lower-tropospheric premoistening is identified ahead of the MJO convection center when it is over the central MC for MJO-C but not for MJO-B in most GCMs. Such strong premoistening is mainly attributed to the zonal gradient of lower-tropospheric easterly anomalies within the front Walker cell, which could be a precursor leading to the eastward propagation of MJO convection. In contrast to the observation, the role of the background sea surface temperature and land–sea precipitation contrast in the barrier effect on MJO propagation by the MC is not well captured by most GCMs.
Ticagrelor improves blood viscosity-dependent microcirculatory flow in patients with lower extremity arterial disease: the Hema-kinesis clinical trial
Authors: Rosenson Robert S. , Chen Qinzhong , Najera Sherwin D. , Krishnan Prakash , Lee Martin L. , Cho Daniel J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Microvascular blood flow (MBF) impairment in patients with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is associated with more severe major adverse limb events (MALE). The contribution of ticagrelor, a P2Y12 antagonist and an adenosine enhancer, on blood viscosity (BV) and BV-dependent MBF in LEAD is unknown. The aim of the trial is to investigate the effects of ticagrelor on BV, and explore the association of BV-dependent MBF in participants with LEAD and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods
Randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, crossover trial design that compares treatment with aspirin 81 mg/ticagrelor placebo, aspirin 81 mg/ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily and aspirin placebo/ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily on high-shear (300 s−1) and low-shear (5 s−1) BV, and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in the dorsum of the feet of participants with T2DM.

Results
We randomized 70 (45% female) participants aged (mean ± SD) 72 ± 9 years. The duration of LEAD was 12.3 ± 10.3 years, and 96.9% reported intermittent claudication symptoms. Use of statins was 93% (high-intensity 43%, moderate intensity 49%), renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors (75%) and beta-blockers (61%). Treatment with ticagrelor with or without aspirin reduced high-shear BV by 5%, in both cases, while aspirin monotherapy increased high-shear BV by 3.4% (p < 0.0001). Ticagrelor with or without aspirin reduced low-shear BV by 14.2% and 13.9% respectively, while aspirin monotherapy increased low-shear BV by 9.3% (p < 0.0001). The combination of ticagrelor and aspirin increased MBF in the left foot compared to the other two treatments (p = 0.02), but not in the right foot (p = 0.25).

Conclusions
Ticagrelor should be considered in the treatment of microvascular disease in patients with LEAD and T2DM.
Trial registration Registration number: NCT02325466, registration date: December 25, 2014