bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in habitat selection among individuals differs by maternal status for moose in a region with low calf survival
Authors: Droghini Amanda , Nawrocki Timm W. , Stetz Jeffrey B. , Schuette Paul A. , Aderman Andrew R. , Colson Kassidy E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractForaging behaviors often involve trade‐offs between predation risk and access to forage. Risk‐forage trade‐offs may be particularly acute for maternal female ungulates, whose nutritional needs are high and whose calves are highly vulnerable to predation. In moose, the selection of calving habitat is one way in which females can respond to these trade‐offs. Our objective was to compare among‐individual variation in selected habitat for maternal and nonmaternal female moose during the calving season. We hypothesized that, compared to nonmaternal females, maternal females would exhibit a greater range of variation among individuals, which may signal differential responses to risk‐forage trade‐offs. Meanwhile, we expected nonmaternal females to show comparatively less variation among individuals, consistent with a group primarily maximizing forage intake. To test our hypotheses, we used a path selection framework and a set of continuous remotely sensed map covariates to build predictive models and corresponding spatial predictions for maternal and nonmaternal groups. We then calculated the range of variation among individuals within each group along a relative unitless axis, which we call the “maternal difference index” and define as the divergence of predicted maternal habitat selection from nonmaternal habitat selection. We included 10,080 GPS collar locations for 24 female moose over three consecutive years. Our predictive models had high levels of accuracy (>75%) based both on independent test partitions of a nested cross‐validation and on independent very high frequency (VHF) location data, each including spatial and temporal replication. Both groups of females preferred areas where primary forage species were abundant, diverse, and within foraging height. Habitat selected by the maternal group both overlapped and was broader than habitat selected by the nonmaternal group. Based on the maternal difference index, maternal individuals were less consistent in their habitat selection than nonmaternal individuals. Given that habitat selection behaviors are one way in which animals respond to potential risk‐forage trade‐offs and that maternal individuals in our study differed along a continuum in their selection for primary forage species, we suggest that the concept of maternal trade‐offs, as it relates to habitat selection, is most useful when seen as individually determined and variable, rather than group‐determined and discrete.
The role of natural resources rent, energy efficiency and governance in reducing pollution – New evidence with MMQR method
Authors: Kadir Musbau Omotola , Deka Abraham , Ozdeser Huseyin , Seraj Mehdi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe question on whether natural resources are a curse or not remain with no satisfactory answer. There are two opposing school of thoughts on the role of natural resources rent in fostering sustainable development, that is, the natural resource curse and Rostow's hypothesis. The study uses the data of the 15 natural resources‐rich African countries, for the period ranging from 1990 to 2021. The Methods of Moments Quantile Regression with fixed effects, a contemporary method that gives heterogeneous results across quantiles is employed to ensure robust outcomes. Cross‐sectional dependence, dynamics and heterogeneity are catered for in the model. The major results presented in this research shows that the rule of law is fundamental in reducing pollution. Energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy resources is also observed to strongly lower the emission of carbon. Most importantly, the study results depict that natural resources rent exacerbates carbon emission; hence, supporting the postulations of the resources curse hypothesis that natural resources are counter‐productive. We also show that economic growth, along with non‐renewable energy worsens pollution. The major policies presented in this research are to promote renewable energy use, rule of law and efficient use of energy to attain sustainable development. This research bridges the gap in the literature by examining the effects of natural resources rent on carbon emission, a study that has not been widely covered. The present research also brings the importance of governance in reducing pollution in the natural resources‐rich African countries.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of eating disorder preventative interventions in schools
Authors: Berry Sophie L. , Burton Amy L. , Rogers Kris , Lee Carissa M. , Berle David M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents are particularly susceptible to developing an eating disorder (ED). Therefore, schools are in a unique position to assist in the prevention of EDs for this vulnerable group. To ascertain the current evidence‐base for school‐based ED prevention efforts, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials that delivered a school‐based ED prevention intervention and assessed the impact these interventions had on ED symptomatology.MethodElectronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and CENTRAL) were searched for published randomised controlled trials of school‐based ED prevention interventions from inception to 2024. Twelve studies from 11 articles were identified with 7935 participants (mean ages ranging from 12 to 17). Of these studies, six were included in meta‐analyses.ResultsMedia literacy and dissonance‐based interventions reported small to medium effects for ED symptomatology compared to controls at post‐intervention. At three‐to‐six‐month follow‐up, intervention groups reported small negative to medium‐sized positive effects compared to control groups on eating disorder symptomatology.ConclusionsWhile school‐based ED prevention interventions can effectively reduce ED symptomatology post‐intervention, the programs analysed in this review do not reliably demonstrate effectiveness across groups and time. Future research should build upon current interventions to increase effectiveness and include long‐term follow‐ups.
Leukocyte Platelet‐Rich Plasma‐Derived Exosomes Restrained Macrophages Viability and Induced Apoptosis, NO Generation, and M1 Polarization
Authors: Li Xiong , Guo Feifei , Deng Jiehua , Li Jiasong , Zhang Jie , Fu Ming , Fan Hui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundChronic refractory wounds refer to wounds that cannot be repaired timely. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has significant potential in chronic wound healing therapy. The exosomes isolated from PRP were proved to exhibit more effectiveness than PRP. However, the therapeutic potential of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds remained elusive. Hence, this study aimed to clarify the action of exosomes from PRP on chronic refractory wounds by evaluating the response of macrophages to exosomes.MethodsPure platelet‐rich plasma (P‐PRP) and leukocyte platelet‐rich plasma (L‐PRP) were prepared from the fasting venous blood of healthy volunteers. Exosomes were extracted from P‐PRP and L‐PRP using ultracentrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and western blot. Macrophages were obtained by inducing THP‐1 cells with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13 acetate (PMA). The internalization of exosomes into macrophages was observed utilizing confocal laser scanning microscopy after being labeled with PKH67. Cell viability was determined by CCK‐8 assay. Cell apoptosis was measured utilizing a flow cytometer. The polarization status of M1 and M2 macrophages were evaluated by detecting their markers. Nitric oxide (NO) detection was conducted using the commercial kit.ResultsExosomes from P‐PRP and L‐PRP were absorbed by macrophages. Exosomes from L‐PRP restrained viability and induced apoptosis of macrophages. Besides, exosomes from P‐PRP promoted M2 polarization, and exosomes from L‐PRP promoted M1 polarization. Furthermore, exosomes from L‐PRP promoted NO generation of macrophages.ConclusionExosomes from L‐PRP restrained viability, induced apoptosis and NO generation of macrophages, and promoted M1 polarization, while exosomes from P‐PRP increased M2 polarization. The exosomes from L‐PRP presented a more effective effect on macrophages than that from P‐PRP, making it a promising strategy for chronic refractory wound management.
Pure Point Diffraction and Almost Periodicity
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Spindeler Timo , Strungaru Nicolae 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article deals with pure point diffraction and its connection to various notions of almost periodicity. We explain why the Fibonacci chain does not fit into the classical concept of Bohr almost periodicity and how it fits into the classes of mean, Besicovitch and Weyl almost periodic point sets. We report on recent results which characterize pure point diffraction as mean almost periodicity of the underlying structure, and discuss how the complex amplitudes fit into this picture.
Pineal gland volume in children with intellectual disability
Authors: Gürbüz Asiye Arıcı , Altun Hatice , Tahiroğlu Ayşegül Yolga , Mert Gülen Gül , Kızıldağ Betül , Arslan Semiha Cömertoğlu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivePineal gland volume (PGV), which is associated with sleep and circadian rhythm, is known to be changed in some psychiatric disorders such as major depression, mood disorders and schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare the PGV of children with mild and moderate intellectual disability (ID) and healthy children.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study included 40 children with ID (patient group), aged 6–12 years and 40 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy children (control group). The children were examined for their sociodemographic characteristics and for PGV using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe PGV of the patient group was significantly larger than that of the controls (p = 0.023). There was no statistically significant difference in PGV between mild and moderate ID. A moderate and positive correlation was found between Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children‐revised (WISC‐R) performance score and PGV (p = 0.049, r = 0.313) only in the patient group. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.648, and the sensitivity was 70.0%, and the specificity was 60.0%.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study demonstrated that the increased PGV levels were associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and PGV could be a risk factor in the aetiology of ID. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to clarify this issue.
Engineering students' interests in nonprofit and public policy careers: Applying a data‐driven approach to identifying contributing factors
Authors: Kim Dayoung , Katz Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEngineering students have an array of career opportunities they can pursue. Some of these opportunities will place them in different sectors of the economy. Whereas many may want to pursue careers in the private/corporate sector, there are important roles for engineers to play in the nonprofit/NGO sector and the public policy/government sector.Purpose/HypothesisThe aim of this research was to use a data‐driven approach to understanding factors associated with engineering students' likelihood of pursuing careers in the nonprofit/NGO and public policy/government sectors.MethodsWe analyzed data from a national survey of final‐year engineering students. We used a data‐driven approach combining an ordinal random forest, projection predictive variable selection, and ordinal logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe importance of certain factors in the students' career satisfaction (e.g., helping others, volunteering with a charity group) was the most predictive item for students pursuing careers in the nonprofit/NGO sector. The importance of making money was negatively associated with students pursuing careers in the nonprofit/NGO sector. Conversely, the students' interest in working on certain topics (e.g., terrorism and war, climate change) was the most predictive for those pursuing careers in the public policy/government sector. Certain academic majors were also positively associated with students' likelihood of joining the public policy/government sector. Job security was also an influential factor for pursuing careers in both sectors.ConclusionThis study highlights important but understudied areas for workforce development in alternative career paths beyond the private sector, which could potentially contribute to broadening participation in engineering.
Daily physical activity following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A pilot study
Authors: Wu Kevin A. , Dilbone Eric S. , Kugelman David N. , Goel Rahul K. , Ryan Sean P. , Wellman Samuel S. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Seyler Thorsten M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to understand how objective measures of daily activity change following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Objective data on post‐operative changes in daily physical activity following UKA are limited, highlighting the need for studies using wearable technologies to provide real‐time assessments of recovery.MethodsThis pilot study included a secondary analysis of a prospective study of 33 consecutive UKA patients, with data collected using an Apple Watch and a digital care management application. Objective metrics, including step count, steadiness, standing duration and performance on the six‐minute walk test, were analyzed at different post‐operative time points. Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used for analysis.ResultsPost‐operatively, there was a significant increase in daily step count at 6 weeks (p = 0.017), 6 months (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p = 0.0018). Steadiness improved significantly at 6 months (p = 0.049) and 12 months (p = 0.039) post‐operatively. Standing duration increased significantly at all the post‐operative time points (p < 0.001). Gait speed did not show significant changes post‐operatively. The estimated six‐minute walk test distance improved significantly at 6 months (p = 0.027) and 12 months (p = 0.031) post‐operatively.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that UKA improves daily physical activity levels, reflected by enhanced mobility and function. While gait speed did not significantly change, improvements in step count, steadiness, standing duration and the six‐minute walk test distance indicate enhanced functional capacity and endurance post‐operatively. The study highlights the benefits of UKA in improving functional outcomes in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐ups is warranted to confirm these findings.Levels of EvidenceII.
Size matters: Biomolecular compositions of small and large extracellular vesicles in the urine of glioblastoma patients
Authors: Hallal Susannah M. , Sida Liam A. , Tűzesi Ágota , Shivalingam Brindha , Sim Hao‐Wen , Buckland Michael E. , Satgunaseelan Laveniya , Alexander Kimberley L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe promise of urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) in biomarker discovery is emerging. However, the characteristics and compositions of different uEV subpopulations across normal physiological and pathological states require rigorous explication. We recently reported proteomic signatures of small (s)‐uEVs (<200 nm membranous nanoparticles) and described putative biomarkers corresponding to the diagnosis, tumour burden and recurrence of the lethal adult primary brain tumour, glioblastoma. Here, we comprehensively characterise uEV populations with significantly different mean and mode particle sizes obtained by differential centrifugation at 100,000 × g (100K‐uEVs; smaller) and 17,000 × g (17K‐uEVs; larger) using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and quantitative data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry. We show distinct differences in protein and lipid content, prominent protein secondary structures, and proteome distributions between uEV populations that can distinguish glioblastoma patients from healthy controls and correspond to clinically relevant tumour changes (i.e., recurrence and treatment resistance). Among the key findings is a putative seven‐protein biomarker panel associated with 17K‐uEVs that could distinguish all glioblastoma patients from healthy controls and accurately classify 98.2% of glioblastoma samples. These novel, significant findings demonstrate that both uEV populations offer individual and combined biomarker potential. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complete diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive capabilities of often‐neglected 17K‐uEV populations.
The Ultrastructure of Spermiogenesis Within the Seminiferous Epithelium of the Texas Horned Lizard, Phrynosoma cornutum (Phrynosomatidae)
Authors: Gribbins Kevin M. , Rajaguru Sethmini , Rheubert Justin L. , Trauth Stanley E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCurrently, there is limited histological data for spermatid morphologies within the testes of squamates. There are only 10 species of lizard that have complete ultrastructural data across the entire process of spermiogenesis, including several species of Sceloporus. These studies have shown that differences can be seen between spermatids of saurians within the same family or genus. Thus, the present study continues to test the hypothesis that differences exist in spermatid morphology between species within the same family. We collected five Phrynosoma cornutum males from Arizona. Their testes were extracted and processed with standard TEM techniques. Many of the characteristics of spermiogenesis within P. cornutum are conserved and similar in morphology to other phrynosomatid lizards. These similarities include the development of the acrosome, perforatorium, subacrosomal cone, nuclear rostrum, and epinuclear lucent zone. However, there were also differences observed in P. cornutum spermatids that are distinct compared to other phyrnosomatids. For example, P. cornutum spermatids include a wider and more robust perforatorium and less spiraling of the chromatin during condensation than that of other phrynosomatid lizards. The present results corroborate previous studies and indicate that even with morphological conservation within saurian spermatids, character differences between species can be recognized. Further studies on spermiogenesis are required to judge the relevance of these ontogenetic changes in terms of using them in amniotic or squamate spermatid/spermatozoa phylogenic analysis.
Seizure Burden and Clinical Risk Factors in Glioma‐Related Epilepsy: Insights From MRI Voxel‐Based Lesion‐Symptom Mapping
Authors: Li Tianshi , Li Qiuling , Fan Xing , Wang Lei , You Gan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEpilepsy is the most common preoperative symptom in patients with supratentorial gliomas. Identifying tumor locations and clinical factors associated with preoperative epilepsy is important for understanding seizure risk.PurposeTo investigate the key brain areas and risk factors associated with preoperative seizures in glioma patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 735 patients with primary diffuse supratentorial gliomas (372 low grade; 363 high grade) with preoperative MRI and pathology data.Field Strength/SequenceAxial T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo sequence at 3.0 T.AssessmentSeizure burden was defined as the number of preoperative seizures within 6 months. Tumor and high‐signal edema areas on T2 images were considered involved regions. A voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping analysis was used to identify voxels associated with seizure burden. The involvement of peak voxels (those most associated with seizure burden) and clinical factors were assessed as risk factors for preoperative seizure.Statistical TestsUnivariable and multivariable binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses and chi‐square tests were performed, with results reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. A P‐value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsA total of 448 patients experienced preoperative seizures. Significant seizure burden‐related voxels were located in the right hippocampus and left insular cortex (based on 1000 permutation tests), with significant differences observed in both low‐ and high‐grade tumors. Tumor involvement in the peak voxel region was an independent risk factor for an increased burden of preoperative seizures (OR = 6.98). Additionally, multivariable binary logistic regression results indicated that 1p/19q codeletion (OR = 1.51), intermediate tumor volume (24.299–97.066 cm3), and involvement of the peak voxel (OR = 6.06) were independent risk factors for preoperative glioma‐related epilepsy.ConclusionVoxel areas identified through voxel‐based lesion‐symptom mapping analysis, along with clinical factors, show associations with clinical seizure burden, offering insights for assessing seizure burden for glioma patients.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 1
Inducible displacement of cementless total knee arthroplasty components with conventional and weight‐bearing CT‐based radiostereometric analysis
Authors: Hext Rebecca A. , Kaptein Bart L. , Howard James L. , Lanting Brent A. , Teeter Matthew G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAseptic loosening remains one of the top causes of revision surgery of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is used in research to measure implant migration, however limitations prevent its clinical use. New methods have allowed the same measurements as RSA to be performed with computed tomography (CT) scanners (CT‐RSA). The objective of this study is to determine inducible displacement measurements from weight‐bearing computed tomography (WBCT) and conventional RSA to assess implant stability. Participants (n = 17) completed RSA exams in the supine and standing position, and WBCT exams in the seated (leg extended) and standing position. Double examinations were performed in the seated (WBCT) or supine (RSA) positions. Inducible displacements were measured with model‐based RSA (MBRSA) for RSA exams, and a novel CT‐RSA software, V3MA, for WBCT exams. Precision of each technique was calculated between double examinations. Precision data for tibial component total translations and rotations were 0.05 mm and 0.118°, respectively with WBCT‐RSA, and were 0.108 mm and 0.269°, respectively with MBRSA. MTPM precision was 0.141 mm with WBCT‐RSA and was 0.168 mm with MBRSA. Inducible displacement MTPM of the tibial component was 0.244 ± 0.220 mm with WBCT‐RSA and 0.662 ± 0.257 mm with MBRSA. Inducible displacement measurements with MBRSA were significantly different from WBCT‐RSA for tibial component anterior tilt (p = 0.0002). WBCT‐RSA demonstrated comparable precision to MBRSA, and both techniques measured inducible displacements consistent with stable components. Clinical Significance: As the availability of WBCT increases, its use as an alternative to MBRSA is supported to measure the instantaneous fixation of implant components.