bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-induced anaphylaxis—elicitors, mechanisms and diagnosis
Authors: Worm Margitta , Hanschmann-Mohn Theresa , Scherer Hofmeier Kathrin , Cardona Victòria , Turner Paul , Dölle-Bierke Sabine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Drugs are one of the major causes of anaphylaxis. For example 2346 cases of drug-induced anaphylaxis were reported to the anaphylaxis register as of March 2019. The most common triggers of drug-induced anaphylaxis were nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; n = 902) and antibiotics (n = 721). Drug-induced anaphylaxis can be caused by IgE-dependent (e.g., penicillins) and IgE-independent mechanisms. Recently MRG-PX2 has been identified as a receptor for non-IgE-dependent mechanisms. Drug-induced anaphylaxis results more frequently in lethal reactions and is more commonly associated with cardiovascular symptoms. Also therapy refractory anaphylaxis is more frequently triggered by drugs. For the diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis current national and international guidelines should be followed including provocation tests to avoid future reactions.
Lowest log canonical thresholds of a reduced plane curve of degree d
Authors: Viswanathan Nivedita 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe the sixth worst singularity that a plane curve of degree $$d\geqslant 5$$

d
⩾
5

could have, using its log canonical threshold at the point of singularity. This is an extension of a result due to Cheltsov (J Geom Anal 27(3):2302–2338, 2017) wherein the five lowest values of log canonical thresholds of a plane curve of degree $$d \geqslant 3$$

d
⩾
3

were computed. These six small log canonical thresholds, in order, are 2 / d, $$({2d-3})/{(d-1)^2}$$

(

2
d
-
3

)

/

(
d
-
1
)

2

, $$({2d-1})/(d^2-d)$$

(

2
d
-
1

)

/

(

d
2

-
d
)

, $$({2d-5})/({d^2-3d+1})$$

(

2
d
-
5

)

/

(

d
2

-
3
d
+
1

)

, $$({2d-3})/(d^2-2d)$$

(

2
d
-
3

)

/

(

d
2

-
2
d
)

and $$({2d-7})/({d^2-4d+1})$$

(

2
d
-
7

)

/

(

d
2

-
4
d
+
1

)

. We give examples of curves with these values as their log canonical thresholds using illustrations.
Sequential use of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine for cutaneous antisepsis: A systematic review
Authors: Mermel Leonard A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCutaneous antisepsis with chlorhexidine or povidone-iodine, usually with alcohol, has been extensively studied. This review of published studies reveals that sequential use of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine leads to a greater reduction in the bioburden of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria on the skin, lower risk of intravascular catheter colonization, and lower risk of surgical site infection compared to use of either agent alone. As such, sequential use of cutaneous antiseptic agents may further reduce risk of surgical site infections, as well as infections associated with insertion of transdermal devices such as nephrostomy tubes, left-ventricular assistance devices, and intravascular catheters.
Asymmetrical Shift Toward Longer Dry Spells Associated with Warming Temperatures During Russian Summers
Authors: Ye Hengchun , Fetzer Eric J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study examines the changing behavior of summer dry spell duration in response to increasing air temperatures at 517 Russian stations during 1966–2010. We found that the frequency distribution of dry spell duration (as represented by histograms) is becoming skewed toward longer dry spells. This asymmetrical shift is accompanied by mean increases in dry spell duration. This asymmetry is also reflected in exponentially higher increasing rates of dry spell duration toward higher percentiles. Consequently, across Russia, summers have experienced significant increases in 7‐day‐or‐longer dry spells (at 6.1%/°C of warming) and fewer occurrences of 3‐day‐or‐shorter dry spells (at 2.4%/°C). This study suggests that hotter summers favor more frequent prolonged dry spells, exacerbating drought and heat wave conditions during Russian summers as air temperatures continue to rise.
Stationarity of the Reconnection X‐Line at Earth's Magnetopause for Southward IMF
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Trattner K. J. , Petrinec S. M. , Pritchard K. R. , Burch J. L. , Cassak P. A. , Giles B. L. , Lavraud B. , Strangeway R. J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is southward and has a substantial Y component, reconnection at the magnetopause occurs at low latitudes. Under these conditions, the maximum magnetic shear model for the reconnection X‐line at the magnetopause predicts a continuous X‐line stretching from the dawn to dusk terminators. During the solstices, the X‐line is not at the subsolar point and may be located in a region where the magnetosheath bulk flow is super‐Alfvenic. For a fixed IMF direction, the maximum shear model also predicts a stationary X‐line. In response to IMF clock angle changes on the timescale of minutes, the X‐line moves on the same timescale. The stationarity of the reconnection X‐line is testable observationally under certain, restrictive conditions. This stationarity is tested using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. For two events, the distance from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft to the X‐line is constant over several minutes (within relatively large error bars) and the X‐line is also near the location predicted by the maximum magnetic shear model. Thus, the reconnection X‐line at the magnetopause appears to be quasi‐stationary for constant IMF clock angle. These observations also place constraints on the formation and motion of multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause.
Effects of white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension on coronary artery stenosis and cardiac arrhythmia
Authors: Cai Peng , Zhong Weitian , Wang Yan , Wang Xukai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether hypertension phenotypes such as white-coat hypertension (WCHT), diagnosed with the addition of nighttime blood pressure (BP) criteria, are related to coronary artery stenosis (CAS) and cardiac arrhythmia. In this cross-sectional observational study, 844 participants who did not use antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and antiplatelet drugs were selected. The subjects were divided into normotensive (NT), WCHT, masked hypertension (MHT), and sustained hypertension (SHT) groups based on the results of clinic BP measurement and ambulatory BP monitoring. Coronary angiography and ambulatory electrocardiography were performed to determine the participants’ CAS and cardiac arrhythmia status. Coronary angiography revealed 556 patients with CAS and 288 participants with normal coronary arteries. The chi-squared test showed that the incidence of CAS was higher in the MHT and SHT groups than in the NT group, while no significant change was found in the WCHT group (P = 0.003, P < 0.001, P = 0.119). The logarithm of the Gensini score was used to compare the degree of CAS between the groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the degree of CAS was higher in the WCHT, MHT, and SHT groups than in the NT group (P < 0.05). The incidences of frequent atrial premature beats, atrial tachycardia, and ventricular cardiac arrhythmia were significantly higher in the WCHT and SHT groups than in the NT group, while only ventricular cardiac arrhythmia changes were observed in the MHT group. This study found that hypertension phenotypes such as WCHT were closely associated with CAS and cardiac arrhythmia.
An accurate registration of the BigBrain dataset with the MNI PD25 and ICBM152 atlases
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Lau Jonathan C. , Anderson Taylor , DeKraker Jordan , Collins D. Louis , Peters Terry , Khan Ali R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBrain atlases that encompass detailed anatomical or physiological features are instrumental in the research and surgical planning of various neurological conditions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has played important roles in neuro-image analysis while histological data remain crucial as a gold standard to guide and validate such analyses. With cellular-scale resolution, the BigBrain atlas offers 3D histology of a complete human brain, and is highly valuable to the research and clinical community. To bridge the insights at macro- and micro-levels, accurate mapping of BigBrain and established MRI brain atlases is necessary, but the existing registration is unsatisfactory. The described dataset includes co-registration of the BigBrain atlas to the MNI PD25 atlas and the ICBM152 2009b atlases (symmetric and asymmetric versions) in addition to manual segmentation of the basal ganglia, red nucleus, amygdala, and hippocampus for all mentioned atlases. The dataset intends to provide a bridge between insights from histological data and MRI studies in research and neurosurgical planning. The registered atlases, anatomical segmentations, and deformation matrices are available at: https://osf.io/xkqb3/.
Schnelle zelluläre Reaktion und Anpassung an Schwerelosigkeit
Authors: Ullrich Oliver , Thiel Cora S. 
Published: October 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZelluläre Prozesse werden durch Änderungen der Gravitationskraft in vielfältiger Weise beeinflusst. In unseren Studien konnten wir in verschiedenen zellulären Systemen und in verschiedenen Forschungsplattformen (2D Klinostat, Parabelflüge, suborbitale Forschungsraketen, Internationale Raumstation) nachweisen, dass Reaktionen und Anpassungsprozesse bereits innerhalb von Sekunden bis Minuten nach Beginn der veränderten Schwerkraft auftreten. Diese schnellen Prozesse fanden sich in der Genexpression, der Zellzykluskontrolle, der Signaltransduktion, der Zytoskelettorganisation und des oxidativen Burst. Es stellt sich die Frage nach der Ursache der Transduktion einer unspezifischen Kraft in eine hochspezifische zelluläre Antwort, die in der Spezifität der zellulären Eigenschaften begründet liegen kann. Es ist denkbar, dass die Gravitationskraft der Erde die Chromatinarchitektur und deren Zugänglichkeit stabilisiert und eine homöostatische Bedingung für die Genexpression darstellt. Die Untersuchung mechanobiologischer Mechanismen der Genexpression in Schwerelosigkeit kann die Aufdeckung fundamentaler Prinzipien ermöglichen, wie mechanische Kräfte die Zellfunktion regulieren.
Ein Schwerpunktheft zur geburtshilflichen Forschung in der Türkei
Authors: Singer Dominique , Yildirim Gülay 
Published: October 2019

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,in dem vorliegenden Heft der Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) finden Sie 4 wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten, die sich inhaltlich mit recht unterschiedlichen Themen beschäftigen. Im Einzelnen geht es um die Prävalenz von Röteln-Antikörpern in einem Kollektiv von nahezu 95 000 (!) schwangeren Frauen, um die Assoziation erhöhter PLAC1-Proteinspiegel im mütterlichen Serum mit einer intrauterinen Wachstumsrestriktion (IUGR), um einen geeigneten „Cut-off“ der Schwangerschaftsdauer zur Verbesserung des perinatalen Outcome bei IUGR sowie um Besonderheiten des mütterlichen Metaboloms bei Schwangerschaften mit fetaler Trisomie 21. Die Gemeinsamkeit dieser Arbeiten besteht darin, dass sie von Autoren aus der Türkei eingereicht wurden und damit das breite Spektrum perinatologischer Forschungsaktivitäten, von eher grundlagenorientierten bis hin zu klinischen Fragestellungen, in diesem europäischen Partnerland widerspiegeln.
Digitale Kommunikation im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Dirksen Hans-Hermann 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungEin Artikel über rechtliche Fragen der digitalen Kommunikation in einer
Zeitschrift der Erfahrungsheilkunde mag zunächst vielleicht überraschen. Aber
auch eine Heilkunde, die sich der Erfahrung sowie der Tradition verpflichtet
fühlt, beruht auf einem grundsätzlich zeitlosen Aspekt, nämlich der guten
Kommunikation zwischen Behandler und Patienten. Der Artikel möchte daher
aufzeigen, welche Aspekte zu berücksichtigen sind, wenn sich das
Kommunikationsverhalten einer neuen digitalen Zeit zuwendet und damit Patienten
und Behandler vor besondere Herausforderungen stellt.
[3,3]- and [5,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Aryl Sulfoxides Using An ‘Assembly/Deprotonation’ Technology
Authors: Zhang Lei , Hu Mengjie , Peng Bo 
Published: October 2019

The redox-neutral ortho-functionalizations of aryl/heteroaryl sulfoxides via interrupted Pummerer processes have been greatly advanced since its discovery by Kita and Padwa in the early 2000s. In this context, we recently developed an ortho-cyanoalkylation of aryl sulfoxides with alkyl nitriles using an ‘assembly/deprotonation’ protocol. The success of the reaction hinges on the independent control of the electrophilic assembly of both coupling partners and subsequent deprotonation of the in situ generated imine sulfonium intermediates. Further [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the in situ formed ketenimine sulfonium species furnishes ortho-cyanoalkylated aryl sulfides. More recently, we also applied the ‘assembly/deprotonation’ strategy for the development of the [5,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement of aryl sulfoxides with allyl nitriles that allows for para-cyanoalkylation of aryl sulfoxides. The development of these two reactions is described in this Synpacts article.1	Background2	[3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement3	[5,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement4	Conclusion
Direct C(sp3)–H Activation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Uttry Alexander , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Carboxylic acids are important in a variety of research fields and applications. As a result, substantial efforts have been directed towards the C–H functionalization of such compounds. While the use of the carboxylic acid moiety as a native directing group for C(sp2)–H functionalization reactions is well established, as yet there is no general solution for the C(sp3)–H activation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and most endeavors have instead relied on the introduction of stronger directing groups. Recently however, novel ligands, tools, and strategies have emerged, which enable the use of free aliphatic carboxylic acids in C–H-activation-based transformations.1	Introduction2	Challenges in the C(sp3)–H Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids3	The Lactonization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids4	The Directing Group Approach5	The Direct C–H Arylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids6	The Direct C–H Olefination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids7	The Direct C–H Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids8	Summary
Finding Consensus After Two Decades of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Clemens Mark W. , DeCoster Ryan C. , Fairchild Berry , Bessonov Alexander A. , Santanelli di Pompeo Fabio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBreast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is an emerging and indolent, but potentially fatal cancer of the immune system that can develop around textured-surface breast implants. The World Health Organization first recognized BIA-ALCL as a unique clinical entity in 2016. To date, over 600 confirmed cases have been reported worldwide. BIA-ALCL most commonly presents with disease confined to the capsule, as a seroma or a mass adjacent to the implant. While BIA-ALCL has a fairly indolent clinical course, with an excellent prognosis in early stage disease, disseminated cancer and death have also been reported. In this review, the authors focus on the early diagnosis and treatment, including reconstructing the breast following BIA-ALCL, and also discuss recently updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. They also review the current epidemiology and risk factors associated with BIA-ALCL. Finally, they discuss important medicolegal considerations and the bioethics surrounding the continued use of textured-surface breast implants.
Universal behavior of cascading failures in interdependent networks
Authors: Duan Dongli , Lv Changchun , Si Shubin , Wang Zhen , Li Daqing , Gao Jianxi , Havlin Shlomo , Stanley H. Eugene , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Catastrophic events affecting technological or critical infrastructures are often originated by a cascading failure triggered by marginal perturbations, which are on their turn localized in one of the many interdependent graphs describing the systems. Understanding the robustness of these graphs is therefore of utmost importance for preventing crashes and/or for engineering more efficient and stalwart networked systems. Here we give a fresh framework by means of which cascading failures can be described in a very rich variety of dynamical models and/or topological network structures and which provides a series of quantitative answers able to predict the extent of the system’s failure.
Uniformly accurate machine learning-based hydrodynamic models for kinetic equations
Authors: Han Jiequn , Ma Chao , Ma Zheng , E Weinan 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceThis paper addresses 2 very important issues of current interest: multiscale modeling in the absence of scale separation and building interpretable and truly reliable physical models using machine learning. We demonstrate that machine learning can indeed help us to build reliable multiscale models for problems with which classical multiscale methods have had trouble. To this end, one has to develop the appropriate models or algorithms for each of the 3 major components in the machine-learning procedure: labeling the data, learning from the data, and exploring the state space. We use the kinetic equation as an example and demonstrate that uniformly accurate moment systems can be constructed this way.
Diamond power devices: state of the art, modelling, figures of merit and future perspective
Authors: Donato N , Rouger N , Pernot J , Longobardi G , Udrea F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
With its remarkable electro-thermal properties such as the highest known thermal conductivity (~22 W cm−1∙K−1 at RT of any material, high hole mobility (>2000 cm2 V−1 s−1), high critical electric field (>10 MV cm−1), and large band gap (5.47 eV), diamond has overwhelming advantages over silicon and other wide bandgap semiconductors (WBGs) for ultra-high-voltage and high-temperature (HT) applications (>3 kV and  >450 K, respectively). However, despite their tremendous potential, fabricated devices based on this material have not yet delivered the expected high performance. The main reason behind this is the absence of shallow donor and acceptor species. The second reason is the lack of consistent physical models and design approaches specific to diamond-based devices that could significantly accelerate their development. The third reason is that the best performances of diamond devices are expected only when the highest electric field in reverse bias can be achieved, something that has not been widely obtained yet. In this context, HT operation and unique device structures based on the two-dimensional hole gas (2DHG) formation represent two alternatives that could alleviate the issue of the incomplete ionization of dopant species. Nevertheless, ultra-HT operations and device parallelization could result in severe thermal management issues and affect the overall stability and long-term reliability. In addition, problems connected to the reproducibility and long-term stability of 2DHG-based devices still need to be resolved.
This review paper aims at addressing these issues by providing the power device research community with a detailed set of physical models, device designs and challenges associated with all the aspects of the diamond power device value chain, from the definition of figures of merit, the material growth and processing conditions, to packaging solutions and targeted applications. Finally, the paper will conclude with suggestions on how to design power converters with diamond devices and will provide the roadmap of diamond device development for power electronics.
Anomalous Nernst effect in Co2MnSi thin films
Authors: Cox C D W , Caruana A J , Cropper M D , Morrison K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Separation of the anomalous Nernst and spin Seebeck voltages in bilayer devices is often problematic when both layers are metallic, and the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) becomes non-negligible. Co2MnSi, a strong candidate for the spin generator in spin Seebeck devices, is a predicted half-metal with 100% spin polarisation at the Fermi energy, however, typically B2 or L21 order is needed to achieve this. We demonstrate the optimisation of thin film growth of Co2MnSi on glass, where choice of deposition and annealing temperature can promote various ordered states. The contribution from the ANE is then investigated to inform future measurements of the spin Seebeck. A maximum ANE coefficient of 0.662 µV K−1 is found for an A2 disordered polycrystalline Co2MnSi film. This value is comparable to ordered Heusler thin films deposited onto single crystal substrates but obtained at a far lower fabrication temperature and material cost.
The British Cameroons Mandate Regime: The Roots of the Twenty-First-Century Political Crisis in Cameroon
Authors: Njung George N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A century after the victorious Allied powers distributed their spoils of victory in 1919, the world still lives with the geopolitical consequences of the mandates system established by the League of Nations. The Covenant article authorizing the new imperial dispensation came cloaked in the old civilizationist discourse, entrusting sovereignty over “peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world” to the “advanced nations” of Belgium, England, France, Japan, and South Africa. In this series of “reflections” on the mandates, ten scholars of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the international order consider the consequences of the new geopolitical order birthed by World War I. How did the reshuffling of imperial power in the immediate postwar period configure long-term struggles over minority rights, decolonization, and the shape of nation-states when the colonial era finally came to a close? How did the alleged beneficiaries—more often the victims—of this “sacred trust” grasp their own fates in a world that simultaneously promised and denied them the possibility of self-determination? From Palestine, to Namibia, to Kurdistan, and beyond, the legacies of the mandatory moment remain pressing questions today.
Failure mode and effects analysis to reduce risk of heparin use
Authors: Pino Felicity A , Weidemann Darcy K , Schroeder Lisa L , Pabst Damon B , Kennedy Audrey R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) was used to identify safety risks of unfractionated heparin (UFH) use and to develop and implement countermeasures to improve safety.

Methods
FMEA was used to analyze the transportation, preparation, dispensation, administration, therapeutic monitoring, and disposal of UFH in a tertiary care, freestanding pediatric hospital. The FMEA was conducted in a stepwise fashion. First, frontline staff mapped the different steps within the UFH use process. Next, key stakeholders identified potential failures of each process step. Finally, using calibrated scales, the stakeholders ranked the likelihood of occurrence, severity, and detectability for each potential failure’s cause. The rankings were used to prioritize high-risk areas on which to focus efforts for improvement countermeasures.

Results
The analysis revealed 233 potential failures and 737 unique potential causes. After ranking of all identified potential causes, 45 were deemed high scoring. Those 45 causes were further refined into 13 underlying contributing causes. To address the contributing causes, selected team members developed 22 countermeasures. The FMEA showed that implementation of the countermeasures reduced the level of mathematical risk.

Conclusion
FMEA was helpful in identifying, ranking, and prioritizing medication risks in the UFH use process. Twenty-two countermeasures were developed to reduce potential for error in the riskiest steps of the process.