bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditory hallucinations in adults with hearing impairment: a large prevalence study
Authors: Linszen M. M. J. , van Zanten G. A. , Teunisse R. J. , Brouwer R. M. , Scheltens P. , Sommer I. E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSimilar to visual hallucinations in visually impaired patients, auditory hallucinations are often suggested to occur in adults with hearing impairment. However, research on this association is limited. This observational, cross-sectional study tested whether auditory hallucinations are associated with hearing impairment, by assessing their prevalence in an adult population with various degrees of objectified hearing impairment.MethodsHallucination presence was determined in 1007 subjects aged 18–92, who were referred for audiometric testing to the Department of ENT-Audiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. The presence and severity of hearing impairment were calculated using mean air conduction thresholds from the most recent pure tone audiometry.ResultsOut of 829 participants with hearing impairment, 16.2% (n = 134) had experienced auditory hallucinations in the past 4 weeks; significantly more than the non-impaired group [5.8%; n = 10/173; p < 0.001, odds ratio 3.2 (95% confidence interval 1.6–6.2)]. Prevalence of auditory hallucinations significantly increased with categorized severity of impairment, with rates up to 24% in the most profoundly impaired group (p < 0.001). The corrected odds of hallucination presence increased 1.02 times for each dB of impairment in the best ear. Auditory hallucinations mostly consisted of voices (51%), music (36%), and doorbells or telephones (24%).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that auditory hallucinations are common among patients with hearing impairment, and increase with impairment severity. Although more research on potential confounding factors is necessary, clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon, by inquiring after hallucinations in hearing-impaired patients and, conversely, assessing hearing impairment in patients with auditory hallucinations, since it may be a treatable factor.
‘SUBTLE SHIFTS’: HOWARD SKEMPTON'S TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY MODERNISM
Authors: Whittall Arnold 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTHoward Skempton's distinctive presence on the British musical scene, and his prolific compositional output since the mid-1960s, have presented commentators with certain challenges as they contemplate which labels to apply, and, for music analysts, which techniques to deploy. Skempton's own comments, in various interviews and essays down the years, remain the ideal starting point, suggest a range of contexts, some of which underpin this study. With reference to a few of his smaller vocal and keyboard compositions, the quality of constantly shifting rather than strictly fixed elements is explored. When pitch materials conform more or less exactly to tonal or modal tradition, rhythm is particularly important as a determinant of subtle shifting. But it is often the case that pitches identities themselves shift between functions best defined as tonal scale degrees at one extreme and post-tonal pitch classes at the other. The result is a very personal and unaggressive kind of modernism.
Between philosophy and social science: Harm and its object in International Relations
Authors: Hoseason Alex 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs a discipline, IR returns repeatedly to the ‘problem of harm’; debating what harm is or should mean. Exploring the discipline through this lens allows us to understand it as contributing to a broader process of negotiation centred on harm as a principle of restraint. However, existing accounts of what harm means for IR are challenged by the scale and visibility of large-scale harm. This article attempts to push beyond recent accounts of harm by Linklater and Mitchell by examining their respective framings of the relationship between harm and its explanation in IR. Building on their limitations, I propose a framework centred on arguments for ontological realism and structure as a focus for explanation. The resulting ontology sustains the concerns of both while: (a) more fully characterising the relationship between explanation and values in IR; and (b) providing a more adequate account of the role of abstraction. In developing upon existing accounts, this article seeks to provide a stronger ground for the analysis of harm in IR. More broadly, it contributes to contemporary debates centred on the relationship between ontology and values with a view to clarifying the nature of explanation in IR as a social science.
Damage and protection cost curves for coastal floods within the 600 largest European cities
Authors: Prahl Boris F. , Boettle Markus , Costa Luís , Kropp Jürgen P. , Rybski Diego 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe economic assessment of the impacts of storm surges and sea-level rise in coastal cities requires high-level information on the damage and protection costs associated with varying flood heights. We provide a systematically and consistently calculated dataset of macroscale damage and protection cost curves for the 600 largest European coastal cities opening the perspective for a wide range of applications. Offering the first comprehensive dataset to include the costs of dike protection, we provide the underpinning information to run comparative assessments of costs and benefits of coastal adaptation. Aggregate cost curves for coastal flooding at the city-level are commonly regarded as by-products of impact assessments and are generally not published as a standalone dataset. Hence, our work also aims at initiating a more critical discussion on the availability and derivation of cost curves.
Thumb positioning analysis of new elliptical‐shaped microwave sensors for non‐invasive glucose monitoring
Authors: Sethi W.T. , Ashraf M.A. , Alshebeili S.A. , Issa K. 
Published: March 2018

Diabetes is a chronic disease where millions of sufferers invasively prick their skin over the course of a day to take blood samples. Non‐invasive glucose monitoring would bring relief to diabetics because it offers reduced skin damage. Microwave sensors are becoming a good choice for non‐invasive glucose monitoring. This Letter presents two designs based on microwave sensors. The sensors have elliptical shapes and consist of a patch reflector and dielectric resonator (DR) that resemble a human thumb. A four‐layer thumb model is presented, with a focus on the permittivity of the blood layer. The thumb was moved to various positions on the two microwave sensors to observe the effect it had on the frequency shift with various blood permittivity values. Observations showed that the elliptical DR sensor was less sensitive to errors and thumb positioning when taking glucose measurements than the elliptical patch sensor. The elliptical DR had an error of 55 MHz from the centre frequency, whereas that of the elliptical patch was 140 MHz. The effects of thumbs with various blood permittivity values were explored and explained.
Estimation of technology progression and cost analysis for a floating solar chimney power plant: a special case – Isfahan city in Iran
Authors: Masoudi Nejad Reza , Imanparast Mohammad 
Published: March 2018

Regarding the growing need for cheap and unlimited energy sources, renewable energies have been considered. Solar energy is one of the main sources of energy. This article studies the performance of floating solar chimney technology for the manufacturing purpose in Isfahan city. In this purpose, Isfahan city is considered to determine the performance of floating solar chimney power plant (SCPP) to build this type of SCPP. The results have shown that the floating solar chimney power plant can produce 5–200 MW of electrical energy in Isfahan city. Then a study is performed according to return of finance rate, net price value, and finance return period criteria. The results have shown that these power plants are able to be built in large scales of 100 and 200 MW of electricity with an annual capacity of 381 and 712 GW with 44 and 60%, respectively. However, a comparison between the cost analyses of two tested models shows that the 200 MW power plant with a cost of 13,941.52 milliard Rials is more beneficial in Isfahan city.‏
J-PLUS: A wide-field multi-band study of the M 15 globular cluster
Authors: Bonatto Charles , Chies-Santos Ana L. , Coelho Paula R. T. , Varela Jesús , Larsen Søren S. , Javier Cenarro A. , San Roman Izaskun , Marín-Franch Antonio , Mendes de Oliveira Claudia , Molino Alberto , Ederoclite Alessandro , Cortesi Arianna , López-Sanjuan Carlos , Cristóbal-Hornillos David , Vázquez Ramió Héctor , Sodré Laerte , Sampedro Laura , Costa-Duarte Marcus V. , Novais Patrícia M. , Dupke Renato , Overzier Roderik A. , Ribeiro Tiago , Santos Walter A. , Schoennell William 
Published: March 2018

Context. As a consequence of internal and external dynamical processes, Galactic globular clusters (GCs) have properties that vary radially. Wide-field observations covering the entire projected area of GCs out to their tidal radii (rtidal) can therefore give crucial information on these important relics of the Milky Way formation era.
Aims. The Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) provides wide field-of-view (2 deg2) images in 12 narrow, intermediate and broad-band filters optimized for stellar photometry. Here we have applied J-PLUS data for the first time for the study of Galactic GCs using science verification data obtained for the very metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≈−2.3) GC M 15 located at ~10 kpc from the Sun. Previous studies based on spectroscopy found evidence of multiple stellar populations (MPs) through their different abundances of C, N, O, and Na. Our J-PLUS data provide low-resolution spectral energy distributions covering the near-UV to the near-IR, allowing us to instead search for MPs based on pseudo-spectral fitting diagnostics.
Methods. We have built and discussed the stellar radial density profile (RDP) and surface brightness profiles (SBPs) reaching up to rtidal. Since J-PLUS FoV is larger than M 15’s rtidal, the field contamination can be properly taken into account. We also demonstrated the power of J-PLUS unique filter system by showing colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) using different filter combinations and for different cluster regions.
Results. J-PLUS photometric quality and depth are good enough to reach the upper end of M 15’s main-sequence. CMDs based on the colours (u − z) and (J0378 − J0861) are found to be particularly useful to search for splits in the sequences formed by the upper red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We interpret these split sequences as evidence for the presence of MPs. Furthermore, we show that the (u − z) × (J0378 − g) colour–colour diagram allows us to distinguish clearly between field and M 15 stars, which is important to minimize the sample contamination.
Conclusions. The J-PLUS filter combinations (u − z) and (J0378 − J0861), which are sensitive to metal abundances, are able to distinguish different sequences in the upper RGB and AGB regions of the CMD of M 15, showing the feasibility of identifying MPs without the need of spectroscopy. This demonstrates that the J-PLUS survey will have sufficient spatial coverage and spectral resolution to perform a large statistical study of GCs through multi-band photometry in the coming years.
Cu-Catalyzed Borylative and Silylative Transformations of Allenes: Use of β-Functionalized Allyl Copper Intermediates in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Fujihara Tetsuaki , Tsuji Yasushi 
Published: March 2018

Herein, copper-catalyzed borylative and silylative transformations of allenes using borylcopper or silylcopper as the active catalytic species are described. First, the synthesis and characterization of borylcopper and silylcopper complexes are briefly introduced. Next, the borylative transformations of allenes are summarized including hydro­boration, carboboration, and borylative allylation of carbonyl compounds. We next deal with the silylative transformations of allenes such as hydrosilylation, carbosilylation, and silylative allylation of carbonyl compounds.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Borylcopper and Silylcopper Complexes3	Borylative Transformations4	Silylative Transformations5	Conclusions and Future Outlook
Expanding the Chemical Diversity of DNA
Authors: Hili Ryan , Guo Chun , Kong Dehui , Lei Yi 
Published: March 2018

Nucleic acid polymers can be evolved to exhibit desired properties, including molecular recognition of a molecular target and catalysis of a specific reaction. These properties can be readily evolved despite the dearth of chemical diversity available to nucleic acid polymers, especially when compared to the rich chemical complexity of proteins. Expansion of nucleic acid chemical diversity has therefore been an important thrust for improving their properties for analytical and biomedical applications. Herein, we briefly describe the current state-of-the-art for the sequence-defined incorporation of modifications throughout an evolvable nucleic acid polymer. This includes contributions from our own lab, which have expanded the chemical diversity of nucleic acid polymers closer to the level observed in proteinogenic polymers.1	Introduction2	Polymerase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Modified Nucleic Acid ­Polymers3	Ligase-Catalyzed Oligonucleotide Polymerization (LOOPER)4	LOOPER with Small Modifications5	LOOPER with Large Modifications6	Evolution of Aptamers Derived from LOOPER Libraries7	Outlook
Similar Effects of Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Pravastatin on Thrombogenic and Inflammatory Parameters in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Joukhadar Christian , Klein Nikolas , Prinz Mojgan , Schrolnberger Claudia , Vukovich Thomas , Wolzt Michael , Dorner Guido , Schmetterer Leopold 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Background: Previous studies have suggested that statins exert beneficial effects beyond their favorable lipid lowering effect. Particularly, the modification of thrombus formation and degradation, alteration in inflammatory response, plaque stabilization and improved endothelial function are thought to be responsible for additional reduction of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular events. To date, however, it is still unclear whether these effects are elicited by all statins. Methods and Results: We set out to compare in a controlled, randomized, double-blind study design the effects of almost equieffective cholesterol lowering doses of three chemically and pharmacokinetically different statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin) on hemostatic and inflammatory markers in 99 hypercholesterolemic patients. At entry and 3 months after onset of statin therapy plasma cholesterol and von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf-Ag), fibrinogen, d-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1.2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. The effect on plasma values of F1.2, vWf-Ag, d-dimer and CRP was not significantly different between the three treatment groups. The effect of simvastatin on fibrinogen (p = 0.005) was more pronounced than the effects of atorvastatin (p = 0.48 n.s.) and pravastatin (p = 0.15 n.s.). Plasma levels of F1.2 and vWf-Ag (when data of all statins were pooled) were significantly reduced by 7% and 10% versus baseline, respectively. No significant reduction was observed for d-dimer (p = 0.26) and CRP (p = 0.5). Total plasma cholesterol levels decreased significantly (p <0.0001 in all groups) between 22% and 29% compared to baseline. Conclusion: The present study shows similar shortterm (3 months) effects of atorvastatin, simvastatin and pravastatin on selected hemostatic and inflammatory parameters in plasma in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Thus, chemical and pharmacological differences between statins appear to exert no major influence on these parameters.
Antithrombotic Efficacy in a Rat Model of the Low Molecular Weight Heparin, Reviparin Sodium, Administered by the Oral Route
Authors: Wice Sandra , Ping Tilly , Herr Dieter , Laux Volker , Hiebert Linda 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPrevious studies in rats show that unfractionated heparin and the low molecular weight heparin logiparin have a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect and are found in endothelium and plasma when administered orally. Objectives of the present study were to determine if similar evidence of absorption could be observed with oral reviparin sodium. Thrombosis incidence was determined 4 h after application of 10% formalin in methanol to the exposed jugular vein. A dose-dependent antithrombotic effect was observed when 0.01 to 7.5 mg/kg (20 rats/group) was administered by stomach tube immediately following thrombus initiation. Thrombotic incidence was also significantly reduced when 0.025 mg/kg was given 4 and 2 h prior to, immediately after, and 2 and 3 h following thrombus initiation. Reviparin was recovered from endothelium and plasma in trace amounts at all doses. At 0.025 mg/kg, peak aortic endothelial reviparin concentrations were found at 1 and 2 h and peak plasma anti-Xa activity was detected at 2 h. Trace amounts of plasma TFPI were found only at 8 h after administration. Dose-dependent antithrombotic activity and recovery from endothelium and plasma support the hypothesis that orally administered reviparin sodium is absorbed.
CD63 Associates with the αIIbβ3 Integrin-CD9 Complex on the Surface of Activated Platelets
Authors: McMillan-Ward Eileen , Easton Jeffrey , Robertson Catherine , McNicol Archibald , Israels Sara 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe tetraspanins are integral membrane proteins expressed on cell surface and granular membranes of hematopoietic cells and have been identified in multi-molecular complexes with specific integrins. In resting platelets, CD63, a member of the tetraspanin superfamily, is present in dense granule and lysosomal membranes and, following platelet activation, translocates to the plasma membrane. In the present study, platelet activation by thrombin leads to incorporation of CD63 into the Triton-insoluble actin cytoskeletal fraction. This incorporation was inhibited by preincubation of platelets with RGDS or EGTA and did not occur in platelets from a patient with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, suggesting that it was dependent upon αIIbβ3. In activated platelets, the anti-CD63 MoAb, D545, co-immunoprecipitated CD63 with other surface-labeled proteins, including αIIbβ3 and another tetraspanin, CD9. The association of CD63 with CD9 and αIIbβ3 was not inhibited by preincubation of platelets with RGDS or EGtA. D545 did not inhibit the adhesion of activated platelets to purified extracellular matrix proteins, but significantly decreased adhesion of thrombin-activated platelets to neutrophils in a rosetting assay. D545 also caused disaggregation of platelets stimulated by ADP, but had no effect on aggregation induced by other agonists. These results are consistent with the proposal that CD63 becomes part of an αIIbβ3-CD9-CD63 integrintetraspanin complex in activated platelets – an association that may modulate the function of αIIbβ3-dependent interaction with other cells such as neutrophils.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Human Monocyte/Macrophages Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Itaya Hiroyuki , Yoshida Hidemi , Koyama Masayuki , Suzuki Sohei , Satoh Kei , Imaizumi Tadaatsu 
Published: March 2018

SummaryVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mitogen for endothelial cells. We have studied the production of VEGF by human macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Macrophages stimulated with LPS expressed VEGF mRNA and protein in concentration- and time-dependent manners. The LPS-induced expression of VEGF was inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment, which suggested that synthesis of certain factor(s) is required for the LPS activity. The induction of VEGF was also suppressed by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. These results suggest that the LPS-induced VEGF expression depends on the p38-mediated expression of c-Jun, which constitutes the AP-1 complex and binds to the AP-1 site in the VEGF promoter. Pretreatment of the cells with dexamethasone did not affect the LPS-induced upregulation of VEGF mRNA but strongly inhibited VEGF protein production, and the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation on VEGF expression by dexamethasone was suggested. The conditioned medium of LPS-stimulated macrophages enhanced the growth of cultured endothelial cells and it was inhibited by an antibody against VEGF. We conclude that macrophages produce VEGF in response to the stimulation with LPS, which may be partly mediated by the p38 MAP kinase pathway.
Factor XIII – Circulating Levels and the Val34Leu Polymorphism in the Healthy Male Relatives of Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mansfield Michael , Grant Peter , Mills Joseph 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe aimed to investigate whether increased levels of FXIII and/or a low prevalence of the protective Leu allele (of the Val34Leu FXIII polymorphism) occur in relatives of patients with severe CAD. 185 healthy male relatives aged 65 or less were recruited from 125 patients with multi-vessel CAD and compared to 185 healthy, agematched controls. The relatives and controls were similar in terms of clinical parameters. FXIII B-subunit levels were elevated in relatives, 1.11 µg/mL (1.08-1.14), compared with controls, 1.00 µg/mL (0.97-1.04), P<0.0001 but FXIII A2B2 levels did not differ between the groups. There was a strong correlation between FXIII B-subunit and the insulin resistance syndrome, however, adjusted B-subunit levels remained significantly higher in relatives. There was no difference in genotype frequency at the FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism between relatives and controls. FXIII B-subunit levels are elevated in the relatives of CAD patients and this is independent of other cardiovascular risk factors.
Fibrinogen, Viscosity and White Blood Cell Count Predict Myocardial, but not Cerebral Infarction: Evidence from the Caerphilly and Speedwell Cohort
Authors: Pickering Janet , Elwood Peter , Bayer Antony , Ebrahim Shah , Baker Ian 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFibrinogen, plasma viscocity, and the white blood cell count predict ischaemic heart disease, but there is less certainty for their predictive power for ischaemic stroke. Studying stroke and ischaemic heart disease in the same cohort prospectively allows comparison of predictive strengths. The Caerphilly and Speedwell cohorts consist of a population sample of 4,860 men aged 45-59 years at recruitment who had baseline measurements of fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, and white blood cell counts. After 15-19 years of follow-up, men in the two cohorts experienced 312 ischaemic strokes and 557 ischaemic heart disease events. Mean fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and white blood cell counts differed significantly after adjustment for confounding factors between men with and without ischaemic heart disease, 0.25 g/l (95% CIs 0.18-0.32); 0.036 cp (95% CIs 0.027-0.044); 0.67 X 109/l (95% CIs 0.50-0.84) respectively. The same measurements showed no significant differences after adjustment for the same confounding factors for men with and without ischaemic stroke, 0.05 g/l (95% CIs -0.04-0.14); 0.008 cp (95% CIs -0.003-0.019); 0.16 X 109/l (95% CIs -0.06-0.38) respectively.