bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years®Teacher Classroom Management programme in primary school children: results of the STARS cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ford Tamsin , Hayes Rachel , Byford Sarah , Edwards Vanessa , Fletcher Malcolm , Logan Stuart , Norwich Brahm , Pritchard Will , Allen Kate , Allwood Matthew , Ganguli Poushali , Grimes Katie , Hansford Lorraine , Longdon Bryony , Norman Shelley , Price Anna , Ukoumunne Obioha C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Incredible Years®Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) programme as a universal intervention, given schools’ important influence on child mental health.MethodsA two-arm, pragmatic, parallel group, superiority, cluster randomised controlled trial recruited three cohorts of schools (clusters) between 2012 and 2014, randomising them to TCM (intervention) or Teaching As Usual (TAU-control). TCM was delivered to teachers in six whole-day sessions, spread over 6 months. Schools and teachers were not masked to allocation. The primary outcome was teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Total Difficulties score. Random effects linear regression and marginal logistic regression models using Generalised Estimating Equations were used to analyse the outcomes. Trial registration: ISRCTN84130388.ResultsEighty schools (2075 children) were enrolled; 40 (1037 children) to TCM and 40 (1038 children) to TAU. Outcome data were collected at 9, 18, and 30-months for 96, 89, and 85% of children, respectively. The intervention reduced the SDQ-Total Difficulties score at 9 months (mean (s.d.):5.5 (5.4) in TCMv.6.2 (6.2) in TAU; adjusted mean difference = −1.0; 95% CI−1.9 to −0.1;p= 0.03) but this did not persist at 18 or 30 months. Cost-effectiveness analysis suggested that TCM may be cost-effective compared with TAU at 30-months, but this result was associated with uncertainty so no firm conclusions can be drawn. A priori subgroup analyses suggested TCM is more effective for children with poor mental health.ConclusionsTCM provided a small, short-term improvement to children's mental health particularly for children who are already struggling.
Change in Cognitive Performance From Midlife Into Old Age: Findings from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study
Authors: Hughes Matthew L. , Agrigoroaei Stefan , Jeon Minjeong , Bruzzese Molly , Lachman Margie E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectives:A substantial body of research has documented age-related declines in cognitive abilities among adults over 60, yet there is much less known about changes in cognitive abilities during midlife. The goal was to examine longitudinal changes in multiple cognitive domains from early midlife through old age in a large national sample, the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study.Methods:The Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone (BTACT) was administered on two occasions (MIDUS 2, MIDUS 3), an average of 9 years apart. At MIDUS 3, those with the cognitive assessment (N=2518) ranged in age from 42 to 92 years (M=64.30;SD=11.20) and had a mean education of 14.68 years (SD=2.63). The BTACT includes assessment of key aging-sensitive cognitive domains: immediate and delayed free recall, number series, category fluency, backward digit span, processing speed, and reaction time for attention switching and inhibitory control, which comprise two factors: episodic memory and executive functioning.Results:As predicted, all cognitive subtests and factors showed very small but significant declines over 9 years, with differences in the timing and extent of change. Processing speed showed the earliest and steepest decrements. Those with higher educational attainment scored better on all tests except reaction time. Men had better executive functioning and women performed better on episodic memory.Conclusions:Examining cognitive changes in midlife provides opportunities for early detection of cognitive impairments and possibilities for preventative interventions. (JINS, 2018,24, 805–820)
Anesthetists’ Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Performance During Induction of General Anesthesia and Simulated Critical Incidents
Authors: Schneider Frederick , Martin Jan , Skrzypczak Matthias , Hinzmann Dominik , Jordan Denis , Wagner Klaus J. , Schulz Christian M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In the environment of anesthesia, good performance describes the absence of threat for the patient as well as a quick reaction to challenging and possibly life-threatening circumstances. Elsewhere, performance and cognitive function have been linked to indicators of vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV). This exploratory study examines the correlation between anesthetists’ HRV and their performance during uneventful induction of general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident. For this study electrocardiograms (ECG) were obtained from two different groups of anesthetists providing general anesthesia in uneventful real cases in the operation room (OR, n = 38) and during the management of a hypotension scenario in a high-fidelity human patient simulator environment (SIM, n = 23). Frequency, time domain, and nonlinear HRV metrics were calculated from 5-min ECG recordings. To separate high performing (HP) and low performing (LP) individuals, the time needed for induction (in the OR setting) and the length and depth of hypotension (in the SIM setting) were used as performance correlates. The Mann-Whitney- U-test was used to assess differences in HRV within the groups. In both settings (OR and SIM), linear and nonlinear HRV metrics did not differ significantly between the HP and LP group. Also, the anesthetists’ work experience and sex were not related to performance. While providing general anesthesia and during a simulated critical incident, high and low performing individuals do not differ with respect to HRV metrics, sex, and work experience. Further research including the HRV under resting conditions is necessary.
Characterizing Ion Flows Across a Magnetotail Dipolarization Jet
Authors: Arnold H. , Swisdak M. , Drake J. F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe structure of dipolarization jets with finite width in the dawn‐dusk direction relevant to magnetic reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail is explored with particle‐in‐cell simulations. We carry out Riemann simulations of the evolution of the jet in the dawn‐dusk, north‐south plane to investigate the dependence of the jet structure on the jet width in the dawn‐dusk direction. We find that the magnetic field and Earth‐directed ion flow structure depend on the dawn‐dusk width. A reversal in the usual Hall magnetic field near the center of the current sheet on the duskside of larger jets is observed. For small widths, the maximum velocity of the earthward flow is significantly reduced below the theoretical limit of the upstream Alfvén speed. However, the ion flow speed approaches this limit once the width exceeds the ion Larmor radius based on the normal magnetic field, Bz.
Fabrication and testing of polymer-based capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers for medical imaging
Authors: Gerardo Carlos D. , Cretu Edmond , Rohling Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ultrasonic transducer industry is dominated by piezoelectric materials. As an emerging alternative, capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs) offer wider bandwidth, better integration with electronics, and ease of fabricating large arrays. CMUTs have a sealed cavity between a fixed electrode and a suspended metalized membrane. Manufacturing cost and sensitivity are limiting factors in current CMUTs that depend on the fabrication equipment and, especially, on the materials used. For widespread use of CMUTs, a much lower fabrication cost that uses inexpensive materials, which maintain or improve upon existing sensitivity, is needed. Herein, a new fabrication process is described for polymer-based CMUTs (polyCMUTs) using the photopolymer SU-8 and Omnicoat. The first ultrasound B-mode image of a wire phantom created with a 64-element linear array using synthetic aperture beamforming techniques is presented. A 12 VAC signal superimposed on a 10 VDC signal was used on the transmission side, and only a bias-tee, with no amplifiers, was used on the receiving side. The low operational voltage and high sensitivity of this device can be partially attributed to a pre-biasing condition on the membrane. By using a novel sacrificial layer combined with a top electrode embedded inside the membrane, we demonstrated that SU-8 can be used to manufacture CMUTs inexpensively. Moreover, the fabrication used relatively simple equipment, and the number of fabrication steps was reduced compared to traditional CMUT fabrication. This new fabrication process has the potential to increase the use of CMUTs in the ultrasound market, including the market for wearable transducers.
Crosstalk between hepatic tumor cells and macrophages via Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes M2-like macrophage polarization and reinforces tumor malignant behaviors
Authors: Yang Yang , Ye Yu-Chen , Chen Yan , Zhao Jun-Long , Gao Chun-Chen , Han Hua , Liu Wen-Chao , Qin Hong-Yan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a major component of tumor microenvironment (TME) and play pivotal roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Wnt signaling is evolutionarily conserved and participates in liver tumorigenesis. Several studies have shown that macrophage-derived Wnt ligands can activate Wnt signaling in tumor cells. However, whether Wnt ligands secreted by tumor cells can trigger Wnt signaling in macrophages is still elusive. In this study, we first verified that canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and in M2-polarized macrophages. Knockdown of β-catenin in M2 macrophages exhibited stronger antitumor characteristics when cocultured with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in a series of experiments. Activation of Wnt signaling promoted M2 macrophage polarization through c-Myc. Moreover, co-culturing naïve macrophages with Hepa1-6 HCC cells in which Wnt ligands secretion was blocked by knockdown of Wntless inhibited M2 polarization in vitro. Consistently, the growth of HCC tumor orthotopically inoculated with Wntless-silenced Hepa1-6 cells was impeded, and the phenotype of M2-like TAMs was abrogated due to attenuated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TAMs, leading to subverted immunosuppressive TME. Finally, we confirmed the correlation between M2 macrophage polarization and nuclear β-catenin accumulation in CD68+ macrophages in human HCC biopsies. Taken together, our study indicates that tumor cells-derived Wnt ligands stimulate M2-like polarization of TAMs via canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which results in tumor growth, migration, metastasis, and immunosuppression in HCC. To block Wnts secretion from tumor cells and/or Wnt/β-catenin signal activation in TAMs may be potential strategy for HCC therapy in future.
NIR-II nanoprobes in-vivo assembly to improve image-guided surgery for metastatic ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Peiyuan , Fan Yong , Lu Lingfei , Liu Lu , Fan Lingling , Zhao Mengyao , Xie Yang , Xu Congjian , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLocal recurrence is a common cause of treatment failure for patients with solid tumors. Tumor-specific intraoperative fluorescence imaging may improve staging and debulking efforts in cytoreductive surgery and, thereby improve prognosis. Here, we report in vivo assembly of the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) emitting downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) modified with DNA and targeting peptides to improve the image-guided surgery for metastatic ovarian cancer. The NIR-II imaging quality with DCNPs is superior to that of clinically approved ICG with good photostability and deep tissue penetration (8 mm). Stable tumor retention period experienced 6 h by in vivo assembly of nanoprobes can be used for precise tumor resection. Superior tumor-to-normal tissue ratio is successfully achieved to facilitate the abdominal ovarian metastases surgical delineation. Metastases with ≤1 mm can be completely excised under NIR-II bioimaging guidance. This novel technology provides a general new basis for the future design of nanomaterials for medical applications.
Femtosecond formation dynamics of the spin Seebeck effect revealed by terahertz spectroscopy
Authors: Seifert Tom S. , Jaiswal Samridh , Barker Joseph , Weber Sebastian T. , Razdolski Ilya , Cramer Joel , Gueckstock Oliver , Maehrlein Sebastian F. , Nadvornik Lukas , Watanabe Shun , Ciccarelli Chiara , Melnikov Alexey , Jakob Gerhard , Münzenberg Markus , Goennenwein Sebastian T. B. , Woltersdorf Georg , Rethfeld Baerbel , Brouwer Piet W. , Wolf Martin , Kläui Mathias , Kampfrath Tobias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the transfer of spin angular momentum is essential in modern magnetism research. A model case is the generation of magnons in magnetic insulators by heating an adjacent metal film. Here, we reveal the initial steps of this spin Seebeck effect with <27 fs time resolution using terahertz spectroscopy on bilayers of ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet and platinum. Upon exciting the metal with an infrared laser pulse, a spin Seebeck current js arises on the same ~100 fs time scale on which the metal electrons thermalize. This observation highlights that efficient spin transfer critically relies on carrier multiplication and is driven by conduction electrons scattering off the metal–insulator interface. Analytical modeling shows that the electrons’ dynamics are almost instantaneously imprinted onto js because their spins have a correlation time of only ~4 fs and deflect the ferrimagnetic moments without inertia. Applications in material characterization, interface probing, spin-noise spectroscopy and terahertz spin pumping emerge.
North China Plain threatened by deadly heatwaves due to climate change and irrigation
Authors: Kang Suchul , Eltahir Elfatih A. B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNorth China Plain is the heartland of modern China. This fertile plain has experienced vast expansion of irrigated agriculture which cools surface temperature and moistens surface air, but boosts integrated measures of temperature and humidity, and hence enhances intensity of heatwaves. Here, we project based on an ensemble of high-resolution regional climate model simulations that climate change would add significantly to the anthropogenic effects of irrigation, increasing the risk from heatwaves in this region. Under the business-as-usual scenario of greenhouse gas emissions, North China Plain is likely to experience deadly heatwaves with wet-bulb temperature exceeding the threshold defining what Chinese farmers may tolerate while working outdoors. China is currently the largest contributor to the emissions of greenhouse gases, with potentially serious implications to its own population: continuation of the current pattern of global emissions may limit habitability in the most populous region, of the most populous country on Earth.
Interferon gene therapy reprograms the leukemia microenvironment inducing protective immunity to multiple tumor antigens
Authors: Escobar Giulia , Barbarossa Luigi , Barbiera Giulia , Norelli Margherita , Genua Marco , Ranghetti Anna , Plati Tiziana , Camisa Barbara , Brombin Chiara , Cittaro Davide , Annoni Andrea , Bondanza Attilio , Ostuni Renato , Gentner Bernhard , Naldini Luigi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImmunotherapy is emerging as a new pillar of cancer treatment with potential to cure. However, many patients still fail to respond to these therapies. Among the underlying factors, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a major role. Here we show that monocyte-mediated gene delivery of IFNα inhibits leukemia in a mouse model. IFN gene therapy counteracts leukemia-induced expansion of immunosuppressive myeloid cells and imposes an immunostimulatory program to the TME, as shown by bulk and single-cell transcriptome analyses. This reprogramming promotes T-cell priming and effector function against multiple surrogate tumor-specific antigens, inhibiting leukemia growth in our experimental model. Durable responses are observed in a fraction of mice and are further increased combining gene therapy with checkpoint blockers. Furthermore, IFN gene therapy strongly enhances anti-tumor activity of adoptively transferred T cells engineered with tumor-specific TCR or CAR, overcoming suppressive signals in the leukemia TME. These findings warrant further investigations on the potential development of our gene therapy strategy towards clinical testing.
Characterization of domain distributions by second harmonic generation in ferroelectrics
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhang Yi , Guo Quan , Zhong Xiangli , Chu Yinghao , Lu Haidong , Zhong Gaokuo , Jiang Jie , Tan Congbing , Liao Min , Lu Zhihui , Zhang Dongwen , Wang Jinbin , Yuan Jianmin , Zhou Yichun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDomain orientations and their volume ratios in ferroelectrics are recognized as a compelling topic recently for domain switching dynamics and domain stability in devices application. Here, an optimized second harmonic generation method has been explored for ferroelectric domain characterization. Combing a unique theoretical model with azimuth-polarization-dependent second harmonic generation response, the complex domain components and their distributions can be rigidly determined in ferroelectric thin films. Using the proposed model, the domain structures of rhombohedral BiFeO3 films with 71° and 109° domain wall, and, tetragonal BiFeO3, Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3, and BaTiO3 ferroelectric thin films are analyzed and the corresponding polarization variants are determined. This work could provide a powerful and all-optical method to track and evaluate the evolution of ferroelectric domains in the ferroelectric-based devices.
Complete elimination of information leakage in continuous-variable quantum communication channels
Authors: Jacobsen Christian S. , Madsen Lars S. , Usenko Vladyslav C. , Filip Radim , Andersen Ulrik L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn all lossy communication channels realized to date, information is inevitably leaked to a potential eavesdropper. Here we present a communication protocol that does not allow for any information leakage to a potential eavesdropper in a purely lossy channel. By encoding information into a restricted Gaussian alphabet of squeezed states we show, both theoretically and experimentally, that the Holevo information between the eavesdropper and the intended recipient can be exactly zero in a purely lossy channel while minimized in a noisy channel. This result is of fundamental interest, but might also have practical implications in extending the distance of secure quantum key distribution.
Identification of novel transcripts and peptides in developing murine lens
Authors: Khan Shahid Y. , Ali Muhammad , Kabir Firoz , Chen Ruiqiang , Na Chan Hyun , Lee Mei-Chong W. , Pourmand Nader , Hackett Sean F. , Riazuddin S. Amer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe previously investigated the transcriptome and proteome profiles of the murine ocular lens at six developmental time points including two embryonic (E15 and E18) and four postnatal time points (P0, P3, P6, and P9). Here, we extend our analyses to identify novel transcripts and peptides in developing mouse lens. We identified a total of 9,707 novel transcripts and 325 novel fusion genes in developing mouse lens. Additionally, we identified 13,281 novel alternative splicing (AS) events in mouse lens including 6,990 exon skipping (ES), 2,447 alternative 3′ splice site (A3SS), 1,900 alternative 5′ splice site (A5SS), 1,771 mutually exclusive exons (MXE), and 173 intron retention (IR). Finally, we integrated our OMIC (Transcriptome and Proteome) datasets identifying 20 novel peptides in mouse lens. All 20 peptides were validated through matching MS/MS spectra of synthetic peptides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report integrating OMIC datasets to identify novel peptides in developing murine lens.
Integrated Platform for Monitoring Single-cell MAPK Kinetics in Computer-controlled Temporal Stimulations
Authors: Ryu Hyunryul , Chung Minhwan , Song Jiyoung , Lee Sung Sik , Pertz Olivier , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtracellular response kinase (ERK) is one of the key regulator of cell fate, such as proliferation, differentiation and cell migration. Here, we propose a novel experimental pipeline to learn ERK kinetics by temporal growth factor (GF) stimulation. High signal-to-noise ratio of genetically encoded Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor enables to get a large number of single-cell ERK activity at each time point, while computer-controlled microfluidics fine-tune the temporal stimulation. Using this platform, we observed that static Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation led to transient ERK activation with a significant cell-to-cell variation, while dynamic stimulation of 3′ EGF pulse led to faster adaptation kinetics with no discrepancy. Multiple EGF pulses retriggered ERK activity with respect to frequency of stimulation. We also observed oscillation of ERK activity of each cell at basal state. Introducing of Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, U0126, was not only dropping the average of basal activity for 7.5%, but also diminishing oscillatory behavior. Activity level raised up when inhibitor was removed, followed by transient peak of ERK kinetics. We expect this platform to probe Mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling network for systems biology research at single cellular level.
Multiplex immunohistochemistry accurately defines the immune context of metastatic melanoma
Authors: Halse H. , Colebatch A. J. , Petrone P. , Henderson M. A. , Mills J. K. , Snow H. , Westwood J. A. , Sandhu S. , Raleigh J. M. , Behren A. , Cebon J. , Darcy P. K. , Kershaw M. H. , McArthur G. A. , Gyorki D. E. , Neeson P. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA prospective study explored the heterogeneous nature of metastatic melanoma using Multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry (FACS). Multiplex IHC data quantitated immune subset number present intra-tumoral (IT) vs the tumor stroma, plus distance of immune subsets from the tumor margin (TM). In addition, mIHC showed a close association between the presence of IT CD8+ T cells and PDL1 expression in melanoma, which was more prevalent on macrophages than on melanoma cells. In contrast, FACS provided more detailed information regarding the T cell subset differentiation, their activation status and expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Interestingly, mIHC detected significantly higher Treg numbers than FACS and showed preferential CD4+ T cell distribution in the tumor stroma. Based on the mIHC and FACS data, we provide a model which defines metastatic melanoma immune context into four categories using the presence or absence of PDL1+ melanoma cells and/or macrophages, and their location within the tumor or on the periphery, combined with the presence or absence of IT CD8+ T cells. This model interprets melanoma immune context as a spectrum of tumor escape from immune control, and provides a snapshot upon which interpretation of checkpoint blockade inhibitor (CBI) therapy responses can be built.