bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis and depressive manifestations: can diffusion tensor MR imaging help in the detection of microstructural white matter changes?
Authors: Hassan Talaat A. , Elkholy Shaima Fattouh , Mahmoud Bahaa Eldin , ElSherbiny Mona 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Multiple sclerosis is one of the commonest causes of neurological disability in middle-aged and young adults. Depression in MS patients can compromise cognitive functions, lead to suicide attempts, impair relationships and reduce compliance with disease-modifying treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the microstructural changes in the white matter tracts of the limbic system in MS patients with and those without depressive manifestations using a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique.

Methods
This study included 40 patients who were divided into three groups. Group 1 comprised of 20 patients with relapsing-remitting MS with depressive symptoms and group 2 comprised 10 MS patients without symptoms of depression. The third group is a control group that included 10 age-matched healthy individuals. All patients underwent conventional MRI examinations and DTI to compare the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the white matter tracts of the limbic system.

Results
We compared the DTI findings in MS patients with and those without depressive symptoms. It was found that patients with depression and MS exhibited a significant reduction in the FA values of the cingulum (P < 0.0111 on the right and P < 0.0142 on the left), uncinate fasciculus (P < 0.0001 on the right and P < 0.0076 on the left) and the fornix (P < 0.0001 on both sides). No significant difference was found between the FA values of the anterior thalamic radiations in both groups.

Conclusion
Patients with depression and MS showed more pronounced microstructural damage in the major white matter connections of the limbic pathway, namely, the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum and fornix. These changes can be detected by DTI as decreased FA values in depressed MS patients compared to those in non-depressed patients.
Force-generating mechanisms of anaphase in human cells
Authors: Vukušić Kruno , Buđa Renata , Tolić Iva M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
What forces drive chromosome segregation remains one of the most challenging questions in cell division. Even though the duration of anaphase is short, it is of utmost importance for genome fidelity that no mistakes are made. Seminal studies in model organisms have revealed different mechanisms operating during chromosome segregation in anaphase, but the translation of these mechanisms to human cells is not straightforward. Recent work has shown that kinetochore fiber depolymerization during anaphase A is largely motor independent, whereas spindle elongation during anaphase B is coupled to sliding of interpolar microtubules in human cells. In this Review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanisms of force generation by kinetochore, interpolar and astral microtubules. By combining results from numerous studies, we propose a comprehensive picture of the role of individual force-producing and -regulating proteins. Finally, by linking key concepts of anaphase to most recent data, we summarize the contribution of all proposed mechanisms to chromosome segregation and argue that sliding of interpolar microtubules and depolymerization at the kinetochore are the main drivers of chromosome segregation during early anaphase in human cells.
Determination of pH Dependent Structures of Thymol Blue Revealed by Cooperative Analytical Method of Quantum Chemistry and Multivariate Analysis of Electronic Absorption Spectra
Authors: Shimada Toru , Tochinai Kurumi , Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The pH dependent structure of thymol blue (TB) in solution, a long-standing controversial issue, has been determined by quantum chemistry with an aid of multivariate analysis of electronic absorption spectra. It has been revealed that the TB structure varies from the neutral biprotonated form with open-sulton ring showing red to the monovalent anion of the pure quinoid form showing yellow and then to the quinoid-phenolate form showing blue on raising the pH for a solution.
Analysts’ Beauty and Performance
Authors: Cao Ying , Guan Feng , Li Zengquan , Yang Yong George 
Published: September 2019

We study whether sell-side financial analysts’ physical attractiveness is associated with their job performance. We find that attractive analysts make more accurate earnings forecasts than less attractive analysts. Moreover, more attractive analysts make stock recommendations that are more informative in the short run and more profitable in the long run. Additional analyses reveal that attractive analysts attain their better job performance at least partly through their privileged access to information from firm management. For the sources of the beauty effect, we find that more attractive analysts gain more media exposure, have better connections to institutional investors, and receive more internal support from their employers. Additional evidence suggests that analysts’ physical appearance per se at least partly explains our findings. Overall, our study shows that physical attractiveness has a profound impact on the job performance and information access of sell-side financial analysts. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Timing of Auctions of Real Options
Authors: Cong Lin William 
Published: September 2019

This paper endogenizes auction timing and initiation in auctions of real options. Because bidders have information rent, a seller faces a “virtual strike price” higher than the actual exercise cost. The seller inefficiently delays the auction to encourage bidder participation and uses the irreversible nature of time to gain partial control over option exercises. The seller’s private benefit at option exercise may restore efficient auction timing, but option exercises are always inefficiently late. When the seller lacks commitment to auction timing, bidders always initiate in equilibrium, resulting in earlier option exercise and higher welfare than auctions proscribing bidder initiation. Overall, auction timing modifies the distribution of the bidder valuations and has important implications for bidding strategies, auction design, and real outcomes. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Nutrient Export from Agricultural Watersheds in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain, North Carolina
Authors: Line Dan E. , Osmond Deanna L. , Childres Wesley 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) input and export rates were determined in six rural, predominantly agricultural watersheds located in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of North Carolina. Water quality monitoring was conducted at the outlets for 2.3 to 8.0 years to determine the annual N and P export from each watershed. Total N and P input and export from five of the six watersheds were correlated, with only a no-till cropland watershed differing. The correlation showed that N and P exports increased by about 4.0% and 8.7%, respectively, of applied N and P for the range of applications rates, whereas dissolved N (NOx-N) export increased by 2.8% with increasing N application rates. Therefore, practices that reduce inputs, such as nutrient management, should result in similar percentage reductions in exports. The Small Watershed Nutrient Forecasting Tool (SWIFT) was used to forecast discharge, N, P, and sediment export from each of the six watersheds. For the no-till cropland watershed, the SWIFT-forecasted N and P export rates were more than 2.5 times those measured, while the sediment export rate was 72 times the measured value. Thus, these data showed that the SWIFT forecasts for N, P, and sediment export were poor for the no-till cropland watershed. For the pasture watershed, the SWIFT forecasts for N and sediment export agreed reasonably well with measured export; however, the forecasted P export was much less than measured. For the four mixed land use watersheds, the SWIFT forecasts for discharge, TN, and sediment were mostly greater than measured, and the forecasted TP export was less than measured for three of the four watersheds. Thus, as with many predicstion tools, SWIFT results must be used with caution. Keywords: Nutrient export, Nutrient management practice, Water quality monitoring.
Equilibrium Moisture Content of Hazelnut Husks, Shells, and Kernels
Authors: Bohnhoff David R. , Bohnhoff Rhonda K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Hybrid hazelnuts that are predominately a cross between the American hazelnut () and the European hazelnut () are being grown and evaluated as part of an effort to develop a thriving hazelnut industry for the Upper Midwest of the U.S. Along with this plant development effort, researchers are investigating and assessing various harvesting and processing methods and equipment in an effort to create a robust and food-safe production industry. One harvesting alternative is to pick hazelnut clusters off plants before the nuts fully ripen and fall to the ground, an approach that requires greater attention to drying. Whether entire clusters are dried or the nuts are separated from the husks prior to drying is a decision that will be influenced by the drying requirements and potential uses for these hazelnut fractions. To this end, a study was undertaken to establish desorption isotherms for the husks, shells, and kernels of hybrid hazelnuts grown in the Upper Midwest. Clusters were hand-picked from shrubs in Wisconsin and immediately placed in 18 different controlled environments (six different relative humidity levels at three different temperatures). Actual moisture conditioning took place over saturated salt solutions in specially fabricated biomaterial moisture conditioning units. After a six-week period during which the clusters reached equilibrium with their environment via desorption, they were separated into husk, shell, and kernel fractions and returned to their respective conditioning units. After another six weeks in the conditioning units, the moisture content (MC) of each fraction was determined by oven-drying at 103°C for 48 h. Under equilibrium conditions, the kernel MC was found to be only 37% of that for shells, whereas the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) values for husks were on average 14% greater than those for shells. On a dry basis, the average cluster mass was 32.9% husk, 43.9% shell, and 23.2% kernel. Likewise, on a dry basis, the average whole nut mass was 65.5% shell and 34.5% kernel. The desorption data were fit to the Modified Henderson, Modified Chung-Pfost, Modified Halsey, Modified Oswin, and Modified GAB equations. Overall, the best fit to the experimental data was provided by the Modified Chung-Pfost equation with parameters determined using equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) as the dependent variable in regression analyses. For ERH values above 0.70, the temperature-modified form of the GAB equation is recommended for predicting desorption EMC values for hazelnut fractions. Keywords: Desorption, Equilibrium moisture content, Equilibrium relative humidity, Hazelnuts, Kernels, Nuts, Shells, Water activity.
The Simulation and Validation of Smoldering in a Burning Cave
Authors: Xu Zhanyang , Liu Wenhe , Wang Tieliang , Bai Yikui , Yu Wei , Zhang Yuqing , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this study, simulations of forward and opposed smoldering in a burning cave were carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The fuel in the burning cave was considered a multiphase porous medium with uniform heating. The heat release rates for forward and opposed smoldering in the burning cave were also calculated with an inverse method based on the CFD model. Experiments were conducted to validate the accuracy of the simulation model and the heating performance of the burning cave. The results showed that the model accurately predicted the temperature distributions in the burning cave with an error of 5% to 10% compared to the experimental results. Calculations showed that the heat release rate was 850 W m-3 for forward smoldering and 500 W m-3 for opposed smoldering with an air inlet velocity of 0.1 m s-1. When the air inlet velocity was increased to 0.3 m s-1, the heat release rate increased from 850 to 2,000 W m-3 for forward smoldering and from 500 to 1,000 W m-3 for opposed smoldering. Forward smoldering produced rapid heating in the burning cave but caused uneven temperature distribution on the roof. Conversely, opposed smoldering heated the burning cave at a slower rate, but the temperature distribution on the roof was uniform. Keywords: Burning cave, CFD simulation, Multiphase porous media, Smoldering.
Evaluación de la medicación de riesgo en una residencia de ancianos
Authors: Maldonado Fernández De Gatta Patricia , Fernández De Gatta Garcia María del Mar 
Published: September 2019

La identificación de medicamentos de alto riesgo en pacientes crónicos (MARC) polimedicados como los ancianos constituye una estrategia útil para aumentar la seguridad de la farmacoterapia. Con ese fin en el trabajo se aplica el listado MARC en una población de 103 ancianos ingresados en una residencia vinculada a una farmacia comunitaria. La identificación se realiza en la dispensación mediante receta electrónica detectándose simultáneamente posibles interacciones del tratamiento de cada paciente. Posteriormente se revisan específicamente los medicamentos más habituales de prescripción inadecuada como son benzodiacepinas, estatinas o IBP.En el estudio se constata que más del 90% de la población tiene prescritos más de un MARC así como que el número de MARC prescritos y de potenciales interacciones se incrementa cuando el paciente pertenece al subgrupo de gran polimedicado (> 10 medicamentos). Sin embargo esas variables no varían en función de la edad o sexo del paciente. Las categorías de medicamentos MARC más prevalentes correspondieron a antiagregantes, benzodiacepinas, AINES y diuréticos. Estos dos últimos grupos justifican gran parte de las interacciones detectadas.La estrategia utilizada en el estudio puede ser útil para introducir los servicios profesionales farmacéuticos en este tipo de entorno clínico.
Gerenciamento de riscos para a cadeia de suprimentos: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Carneiro Matheus Borges , Costa Flávio Henrique de Oliveira , Gilberto Thalisa Maria Jati , Tomas Robson Nogueira 
Published: September 2019

Os debates acerca da gestão de riscos para a cadeia de suprimentos têm crescido nos últimos anos, tanto em âmbito internacional quanto nacional, devido ao impacto dos riscos no desempenho das empresas. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os principais conceitos relacionados ao gerenciamento de riscos em cadeias de suprimentos, os modelos para a gestão destes riscos, bem como estratégias para mitiga-los. Para tanto, foi feita uma revisão sistemática de literatura para identificar as principais pesquisas nesse sentido, nas áreas de gestão de riscos voltada principalmente aos riscos no fornecimento e na demanda, bem como na busca por técnicas e estratégias para mitigação dos riscos. Para trabalhos futuros, sugerem-se a busca por técnicas para medição do desempenho das estratégias de mitigação propostas, assim como uma análise em uma empresa ou cadeia de valor, a fim de se propor um modelo eficaz de gerenciamento dos riscos.
Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)
Authors: Kobiałka Dawid 
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.
Schneider–Siegel theorem for a family of values of a harmonic weak Maass form at Hecke orbits
Authors: Choi Dohoon , Lim Subong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Let

j
⁢

(
z
)

{j(z)}

be the modular j-invariant function.
Let τ be an algebraic number in the complex upper half plane

ℍ

{\mathbb{H}}

.
It was proved by Schneider and Siegel that if τ is not a CM point, i.e.,

[
ℚ

(
τ
)

:
ℚ
]

≠
2

{[\mathbb{Q}(\tau):\mathbb{Q}]\neq 2}

, then

j
⁢

(
τ
)

{j(\tau)}

is transcendental.
Let f be a harmonic weak Maass form of weight 0 on

Γ
0

⁢

(
N
)

{\Gamma_{0}(N)}

.
In this paper, we consider an extension of the results of Schneider and Siegel to a family of values of f on Hecke orbits of τ.
For a positive integer m, let

T
m

{T_{m}}

denote the m-th Hecke operator.
Suppose that the coefficients of the principal part of f at the cusp

i
⁢
∞

{i\infty}

are algebraic, and that f has its poles only at cusps equivalent to

i
⁢
∞

{i\infty}

.
We prove, under a mild assumption on f, that, for any fixed τ, if N is a prime such that

N
≥
23

{N\geq 23}

and

N
∉

{
23
,
29
,
31
,
41
,
47
,
59
,
71
}

{N\notin\{23,29,31,41,47,59,71\}}

, then

f

(

T
m

.
τ
)

{f(T_{m}.\tau)}

are transcendental for infinitely many positive integers m prime to N.
Indivisibility and Secession Clauses in Current Constitutions and the Prevalence of Secessionist Movements – Empirical Paper Series on Secession and Constitutionalism, Part 1 of 2
Authors: Beauséjour Anthony 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Split into two parts, the Empirical Paper Series on Secession and Constitutionalism explores the relationship between constitutionalism and secession. While the second part of the article will examine the constitutional arrangement towards secession that prevailed in the states that had a region secede since 1900, this first part discusses the relationship between indivisibility and secession clauses in current constitutions and the prevalence of secessionist movements worldwide.
Virtually all consequentialist claims contained in existing scholarship concerning the relationship between constitutionalism and secession fall within either one of two doctrinal creeds. Whereas the Indivisibilist School asserts that indivisibility clauses best prevent secessionism and that secession clauses necessarily prompt this phenomenon, the Secessionist School maintains that prohibiting secession is counter-effective and that recognising it as a right can help defuse secessionism by avoiding confrontational tactics.
These claims are assessed on the basis on the Cohesion Dataset, the first-ever census of all constitutional arrangements regarding secession currently operative throughout the world. Contrarily to what existing doctrinal claims would suggest, the relationship between these various constitutional arrangements and secessionism is not linear, but rather U-shaped: both indivisibility and secession clauses are significantly associated with more secessionist activity than average. It is in fact constitutions where secession is neither permitted nor prohibited that are correlated with the least secessionist activity.
Naturalisation in the Czech Republic – The Gap between the Citizen and the State
Authors: Kandalec Pavel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper describes new legislation relating to citizenship of the Czech Republic, namely Act No 186/2013 Coll, and shows how wide the gap is between the law and the applicants’ expectations. It is based on an analysis of more than 1,600 naturalisation decisions from 2013–2016. This analysis made it possible to draw the conclusion that the decisive aspects for naturalisation are different from those perceived as important by the applicants themselves. The acquisition of Czech citizenship is not, in practice, conditional to making any extraordinary contribution or to a higher level of integration. The stipulated condition for naturalisation in the Czech Republic is the absence of any obstacle defined by the law. One of these possible obstacles is the conclusion that the applicant poses a risk to state security. Recently, there seems to be a trend, where particular attention is devoted to this criterion reflecting the actual fear of society.
The effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life of parents of adolescent with thalassemia
Authors: Sadeghloo Adeleh , Shamsaee Parna , Hesari Elham , Akhondzadeh Golbanhar , Hojjati Hamid 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Thalassemia, as the most common chronic hereditary blood disorder in humans, can impose many adverse effects on parents and their affected children. On the other hand, positive thinking is the method or the result of a positive focus on a constructive issue, so by teaching positive thinking, we can improve physical and social function, and promote emotional health and overall quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive thinking training on the quality of life of parents of adolescents with thalassemia.

Methods
This quasi-experimental study was performed on 52 parents of adolescents with thalassemia who attended Taleghani Hospital in Golestan province, Iran in 2017. Samples were randomly assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The positive thinking training (based on the theory of Martin Seligman) was carried out in the intervention group in 10 (45–60 min) sessions over a 5-week period. Data collection tools in this study were the World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and a demographic information questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16 software using independent t-test, the paired t-test and a covariance test.

Results
The results of paired t-test showed a significant difference in the score of quality of life in intervention group before and after the intervention (p < 0.001). However, this test did not show any significant difference in the control group (p = 0.11). The covariance test, after removing the pre-test score, showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the score of quality of life, so that 13% of the changes after the intervention were due to the intervention (p = 0.009, η = 0.13).

Conclusion
The positive thinking training increased the quality of life of parents of adolescents with thalassemia. Therefore, using this program can be an effective way of improving the quality of life of parents. Thus, positive thinking training is suggested to be used as an effective strategy for increasing the quality of life of parents with ill children.