bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Deposition and Alteration History of the Northeast Syrtis Major Layered Sulfates
Authors: Quinn D. P. , Ehlmann B. L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAncient stratigraphy on Isidis Basin's western margin records the history of water on early Mars. Noachian units are overlain by layered, basaltic composition sedimentary rocks that are enriched in polyhydrated sulfates and capped by more resistant units. The layered sulfates—uniquely exposed at northeast Syrtis Major—comprise a sedimentary sequence up to 600 m thick that has undergone a multistage history of deposition, alteration, and erosion. Siliciclastic sediments enriched in polyhydrated sulfates are bedded at meter scale and were deposited on slopes up to 10°, embaying and thinning against preexisting Noachian highlands around the Isidis Basin rim. The layered sulfates were modified by volume loss fracturing during diagenesis. Resultant fractures hosted channelized flow and jarosite mineral precipitation to form resistant ridges upon erosion. The structural form of the layered sulfates is consistent with packages of sediment fallen from either atmospheric or aqueous suspension; coupling with substantial diagenetic volume loss may favor deepwater basin sedimentation. After formation, the layered sulfates were capped by a “smooth capping unit” and then eroded to form paleovalleys. Hesperian Syrtis Major lavas were channelized by this paleotopography, capping it in some places and filling it in others. Later fluvial features and phyllosilicate‐bearing lacustrine deposits, sharing a regional base level of ∼−2,300 m, were superimposed on the sulfate‐lava stratigraphy. The layered sulfates suggest surface bodies of water and active groundwater upwelling during the Noachian‐Hesperian transition. The northeast Syrtis Major stratigraphy records at least four distinct phases of surface and subsurface aqueous activity spanning from late Noachian to early Amazonian time.
Factors Controlling Storage, Sources, and Diagenetic State of Organic Carbon in a Prograding Subaerial Delta: Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana
Authors: Shields Michael R. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Kolker Alexander S. , Kenney William F. , Mohrig David , Osborne Todd Z. , Curtis Jason H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWax Lake Delta, southern Louisiana, is a coastal delta that formed following the dredging of a river channel in 1941 and is a field model for investigating the geomorphology, ecology, carbon dynamics, and carbon storage capacity in young prograding deltas. However, it is unknown how the transition from subaqueous to subaerial sediments affects the sources and quality of the sequestered carbon. We investigated these variations within the sediments of Wax Lake Delta using amino acid, lignin, and stable carbon isotope compositions of the organic matter (OM). A principal component analysis of these proxies highlighted variability in organic carbon (OC) composition with changes in elevation. The transition from subaqueous to subaerial sediments at 0‐cm mean lower low water is an important component of the OM composition. In addition to the changes observed for OM source and quality, the OC loadings (OC/SA; mg C/m2) also increase as the delta aggrades and accumulates sediments with loadings typical of delta topsets and mobile mud banks (OC/SA < 0.4) to riverine sediments (0.5 < OC/SA < 1) and eventually to highly productive regions (OC/SA > 1). Linking this multiproxy approach with environmental variables such as elevation provides a path for incorporating OM dynamics into geomorphic models.
Anthropogenic Methane Emission and Its Partitioning for the Yangtze River Delta Region of China
Authors: Hu Cheng , Griffis Timothy J. , Liu Shoudong , Xiao Wei , Hu Ning , Huang Wenjing , Yang Dong , Lee Xuhui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUrban areas are global methane (CH4) hotspots. Yet large uncertainties still remain for the CH4 budget of these domains. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China, is one of the world's most densely populated regions where a large number of cities are located. To estimate anthropogenic CH4 emissions in YRD, we conducted simultaneous atmospheric CH4 and CO2 mixing ratio measurements from June 2010 to April 2011. By combining these measurements with the Weather Research and Forecasting and Stochastic Time‐Inverted Lagrangian Transport models and a priori Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research emission inventories, we applied three “top‐down” approaches to constrain anthropogenic CH4 emissions. These three approaches included multiplicative scaling factors, flux ratio, and scale factor Bayesian inversion. The posteriori CH4 flux density estimated from the three approaches showed high consistency and were 36.32 (±9.17), 35.66 (±2.92), and 36.03(±14.25) nmol·m−2·s−1, respectively, for the duration of the study period (November 2010 to April 2011). The total annual anthropogenic CH4 emission was 6.52(±1.59) Tg for the YRD region based on the average of these three approaches. Our emission estimates were 30.2(±17.6)%, 31.5 (±5.6)%, and 30.8 (±27.4)% lower than the a priori Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research v432 emission inventory estimate. The scale factor Bayesian inversion results indicate that the overestimate was mainly caused by two source categories including fuel exploitation and agricultural soil emissions (rice cultivation). The posteriori flux densities for agricultural soil and fuel exploitation were 10.68 and 6.34 nmol·m−2·s−1, respectively, and were 47.8% and 29.2% lower than the a priori inventory. Agricultural soil was the largest source contribution and accounted for 29.6% of the YRD CH4 budget during the study period.
Fast EVP Solutions in a High‐Resolution Sea Ice Model
Authors: Koldunov Nikolay V. , Danilov Sergey , Sidorenko Dmitry , Hutter Nils , Losch Martin , Goessling Helge , Rakowsky Natalja , Scholz Patrick , Sein Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Jung Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSea ice dynamics determine the drift and deformation of sea ice. Nonlinear physics, usually expressed in a viscous‐plastic rheology, makes the sea ice momentum equations notoriously difficult to solve. At increasing sea ice model resolution the nonlinearities become stronger as linear kinematic features (leads) appear in the solutions. Even the standard elastic‐viscous‐plastic (EVP) solver for sea ice dynamics, which was introduced for computational efficiency, becomes computationally very expensive, when accurate solutions are required, because the numerical stability requires very short, and hence more, subcycling time steps at high resolution. Simple modifications to the EVP solver have been shown to remove the influence of the number of subcycles on the numerical stability. At low resolution appropriate solutions can be obtained with only partial convergence based on a significantly reduced number of subcycles as long as the numerical procedure is kept stable. This previous result is extended to high resolution where linear kinematic features start to appear. The computational cost can be strongly reduced in Arctic Ocean simulations with a grid spacing of 4.5 km by using modified and adaptive EVP versions because fewer subcycles are required to simulate sea ice fields with the same characteristics as with the standard EVP.
Utilizing the Impact of Earth and Atmospheric Tides on Groundwater Systems: A Review Reveals the Future Potential
Authors: McMillan Timothy C. , Rau Gabriel C. , Timms Wendy A. , Andersen Martin S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGroundwater extraction is increasing rapidly in many areas of the world, causing serious impacts such as falling water tables, ground surface subsidence, water quality degradation, and reduction of stream baseflow on which many ecosystems depend. Methods for understanding and predicting the impacts of groundwater extraction generally lack detailed spatial and temporal knowledge of the subsurface hydrogeomechanical properties. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of Earth and atmospheric tides and their impact on subsurface pore pressure. First, we evaluate the global occurrence of Earth and atmospheric tides. Then, we illustrate their impact on the groundwater response and connect this with the theory of poroelasticity, which underpins quantitative analyses. Finally, we review methods that utilize these impacts to characterize groundwater systems and to quantify their hydrogeomechanical properties. We conclude by highlighting their potential as passive and low‐cost investigation techniques and by outlining the research and developments required to progress and make analyses readily available. Thus, hydrogeomechanical properties of subsurface systems could be obtained at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution, adding additional value to commonly acquired groundwater and atmospheric pressure data.
The 2016 M7 Kumamoto, Japan, Earthquake Slip Field Derived From a Joint Inversion of Differential Lidar Topography, Optical Correlation, and InSAR Surface Displacements
Authors: Scott Chelsea , Champenois Johann , Klinger Yann , Nissen Edwin , Maruyama Tadashi , Chiba Tatsuro , Arrowsmith Ramon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObservations of surface deformation within 1–2 km of a surface rupture contain invaluable information about the coseismic behavior of the shallow crust. We investigate the oblique strike‐slip 2016 M7 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake, which ruptured the Futagawa‐Hinagu Fault. We solve for variable fault slip in an inversion of differential lidar topography, satellite optical image correlation, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR)‐derived surface displacements. The near‐fault differential lidar pose several challenges. The model fault geometry must follow the surface trace at the sub‐kilometer scale. Integration of displacement datasets with different sensitivities to the 3D deformation field and varying spatial distribution permits additional complexity in the inferred slip but introduces ambiguity that requires careful selection of the regularization. We infer a Mw
earthquake. The maximum slip of 6.9 m occurred at 4.5‐km depth, suggesting an on‐fault slip deficit in the upper several kilometers of the crust that likely reflects distributed and inelastic deformation within the shallow fault zone.
Emerging ultra-narrow-band cyan-emitting phosphor for white LEDs with enhanced color rendition
Authors: Zhao Ming , Liao Hongxu , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhou Yayun , Zhang Qinyuan , Liu Quanlin , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhosphor-converted white LEDs rely on combining a blue-emitting InGaN chip with yellow and red-emitting luminescent materials. The discovery of cyan-emitting (470–500 nm) phosphors is a challenge to compensate for the spectral gap and produce full-spectrum white light. Na0.5K0.5Li3SiO4:Eu2+ (NKLSO:Eu2+) phosphor was developed with impressive properties, providing cyan emission at 486 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 20.7 nm, and good thermal stability with an integrated emission loss of only 7% at 150 °C. The ultra-narrow-band cyan emission results from the high-symmetry cation sites, leading to almost ideal cubic coordination for UCr4C4-type compounds. NKLSO:Eu2+ phosphor allows the valley between the blue and yellow emission peaks in the white LED device to be filled, and the color-rendering index can be enhanced from 86 to 95.2, suggesting great applications in full-spectrum white LEDs.
Lung cancer deficient in the tumor suppressor GATA4 is sensitive to TGFBR1 inhibition
Authors: Gao Lei , Hu Yong , Tian Yahui , Fan Zhenzhen , Wang Kun , Li Hongdan , Zhou Qian , Zeng Guandi , Hu Xin , Yu Lei , Zhou Shiyu , Tong Xinyuan , Huang Hsinyi , Chen Haiquan , Liu Qingsong , Liu Wanting , Zhang Gong , Zeng Musheng , Zhou Guangbiao , He Qingyu , Ji Hongbin , Chen Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor suppressor genes remain to be systemically identified for lung cancer. Through the genome-wide screening of tumor-suppressive transcription factors, we demonstrate here that GATA4 functions as an essential tumor suppressor in lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic GATA4 expression results in lung cancer cell senescence. Mechanistically, GATA4 upregulates multiple miRNAs targeting TGFB2 mRNA and causes ensuing WNT7B downregulation and eventually triggers cell senescence. Decreased GATA4 level in clinical specimens negatively correlates with WNT7B or TGF-β2 level and is significantly associated with poor prognosis. TGFBR1 inhibitors show synergy with existing therapeutics in treating GATA4-deficient lung cancers in genetically engineered mouse model as well as patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models. Collectively, our work demonstrates that GATA4 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer and targeting the TGF-β signaling provides a potential way for the treatment of GATA4-deficient lung cancer.
Ultra-fast photodetectors based on high-mobility indium gallium antimonide nanowires
Authors: Li Dapan , Lan Changyong , Manikandan Arumugam , Yip SenPo , Zhou Ziyao , Liang Xiaoguang , Shu Lei , Chueh Yu-Lun , Han Ning , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause of tunable bandgap and high carrier mobility, ternary III-V nanowires (NWs) have demonstrated enormous potential for advanced applications. However, the synthesis of large-scale and highly-crystalline InxGa1−xSb NWs is still a challenge. Here, we achieve high-density and crystalline stoichiometric InxGa1−xSb (0.09 < x < 0.28) NWs on amorphous substrates with the uniform phase-purity and <110 >-orientation via chemical vapor deposition. The as-prepared NWs show excellent electrical and optoelectronic characteristics, including the high hole mobility (i.e. 463 cm2 V−1 s−1 for In0.09Ga0.91Sb NWs) as well as broadband and ultrafast photoresponse over the visible and infrared optical communication region (1550 nm). Specifically, the In0.28Ga0.72Sb NW device yields efficient rise and decay times down to 38 and 53 μs, respectively, along with the responsivity of 6000 A W−1 and external quantum efficiency of 4.8 × 106 % towards 1550 nm regime. High-performance NW parallel-arrayed devices can also be fabricated to illustrate their large-scale device integrability for next-generation, ultrafast, high-responsivity and broadband photodetectors.
Dimensional crossover in a layered ferromagnet detected by spin correlation driven distortions
Authors: Ron A. , Zoghlin E. , Balents L. , Wilson S. D. , Hsieh D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMagneto-elastic distortions are commonly detected across magnetic long-range ordering (LRO) transitions. In principle, they are also induced by the magnetic short-range ordering (SRO) that precedes a LRO transition, which contains information about short-range correlations and energetics that are essential for understanding how LRO is established. However these distortions are difficult to resolve because the associated atomic displacements are exceedingly small and do not break symmetry. Here we demonstrate high-multipole nonlinear optical polarimetry as a sensitive and mode selective probe of SRO induced distortions using CrSiTe3 as a testbed. This compound is composed of weakly bonded sheets of nearly isotropic ferromagnetically interacting spins that, in the Heisenberg limit, would individually be impeded from LRO by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. Our results show that CrSiTe3 evades this law via a two-step crossover from two- to three-dimensional magnetic SRO, manifested through two successive and previously undetected totally symmetric distortions above its Curie temperature.
Versatile electrification of two-dimensional nanomaterials in water
Authors: Grosjean Benoît , Bocquet Marie-Laure , Vuilleumier Rodolphe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe recent emergence of nanofluidics has highlighted the exceptional properties of graphene and its boron-nitride counterpart as confining nanomaterials for water and ion transport. Surprisingly, ionic transport experiments have unveiled a consequent electrification of the water/carbon surfaces, with a contrasting response for its water/boron-nitride homologue. In this paper, we report free energy calculations based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of hydroxide OH− ions in water near graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layers. Our results disclose that both surfaces get charged through hydroxide adsorption, but two strongly different mechanisms are evidenced. The hydroxide species shows weak physisorption on the graphene surface while it exhibits also strong chemisorption on the h-BN surface. Interestingly OH− is shown to keep very fast lateral dynamics and interfacial mobility within the physisorbed layer on graphene. Taking into account the large ionic surface conductivity, an analytic transport model allows to reproduce quantitatively the experimental data.
Building dementia knowledge globally through the Understanding Dementia Massive Open Online Course (MOOC)
Authors: Eccleston Claire , Doherty Kathleen , Bindoff Aidan , Robinson Andrew , Vickers James , McInerney Fran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of dementia is escalating world-wide and knowledge deficits remain a barrier to community inclusiveness and quality care. The need for quality, comprehensive education has been identified as a key priority for global action plans on dementia. The Understanding Dementia Massive Open Online Course (UDMOOC) offers the potential to improve dementia knowledge globally. Completion rates for the UDMOOC (2016–2017) were on average 42% of enrolments, and 69% of participants care or have cared for people with dementia. The current study shows baseline dementia knowledge was positively related to previous learning about dementia from various types of exposure to the condition including having family members and/or working with people with the condition, and having undertaken dementia education. However, knowledge of all participant groups showed substantial improvements after completion of the UDMOOC. This was shown regardless of educational background and previous experience of dementia, and group differences after completing the UDMOOC were minimised. The UDMOOC is therefore an effective knowledge translation strategy to improve dementia knowledge for a diverse, international learner group.
An Equation Based on Fuzzy Mathematics to Assess the Timing of Haemodialysis Initiation
Authors: Liu Ying , Wang Degang , Chen Xiangmei , Sun Xuefeng , Song Wenyan , Jiang Hongli , Shi Wei , Liu Wenhu , Fu Ping , Ding Xiaoqiang , Chang Ming , Yu Xueqing , Cao Ning , Chen Menghua , Ni Zhaohui , Cheng Jing , Sun Shiren , Wang Huimin , Wang Yunyan , Gao Bihu , Wang Jianqin , Hao Lirong , Li Suhua , He Qiang , Liu Hongmei , Shao Fengmin , Li Wei , Wang Yang , Szczech Lynda , Lv Qiuxia , Han Xianfeng , Wang Luping , Fang Ming , Odeh Zach , Sun Ximing , Lin Hongli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn order to develop an equation that integrates multiple clinical factors including signs and symptoms associated with uraemia to assess the initiation of dialysis, we conducted a retrospective cohort study including 25 haemodialysis centres in Mainland China. Patients with ESRD (n = 1281) who commenced haemodialysis from 2008 to 2011 were enrolled in the development cohort, whereas 504 patients who began haemodialysis between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled in the validation cohort comprised. An artificial neural network model was used to select variables, and a fuzzy neural network model was then constructed using factors affecting haemodialysis initiation as input variables and 3-year survival as the output variable. A logistic model was set up using the same variables. The equation’s performance was compared with that of the logistic model and conventional eGFR-based assessment. The area under the bootstrap-corrected receiver-operating characteristic curve of the equation was 0.70, and that of two conventional eGFR-based assessments were 0.57 and 0.54. In conclusion, the new equation based on Fuzzy mathematics, covering laboratory and clinical variables, is more suitable for assessing the timing of dialysis initiation in a Chinese ESRD population than eGFR, and may be a helpful tool to quantitatively evaluate the initiation of haemodialysis.
Female novelty and male status dynamically modulate ejaculate expenditure and seminal fluid proteome over successive matings in red junglefowl
Authors: Alvarez-Fernandez Aitor , Borziak Kirill , McDonald Grant C. , Dorus Steve , Pizzari Tommaso 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTheory predicts that males will strategically invest in ejaculates according to the value of mating opportunities. While strategic sperm allocation has been studied extensively, little is known about concomitant changes in seminal fluid (SF) and its molecular composition, despite increasing evidence that SF proteins (SFPs) are fundamental in fertility and sperm competition. Here, we show that in male red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, along with changes in sperm numbers and SF investment, SF composition changed dynamically over successive matings with a first female, immediately followed by mating with a second, sexually novel female. The SF proteome exhibited a pattern of both protein depletion and enrichment over successive matings, including progressive increases in immunity and plasma proteins. Ejaculates allocated to the second female had distinct proteomic profiles, where depletion of many SFPs was compensated by increased investment in others. This response was partly modulated by male social status: when mating with the second, novel female, subdominants (but not dominants) preferentially invested in SFPs associated with sperm composition, which may reflect status-specific differences in mating rates, sperm maturation and sperm competition. Global proteomic SF analysis thus reveals that successive matings trigger rapid, dynamic SFP changes driven by a combination of depletion and strategic allocation.
Neural anti-inflammatory action mediated by two types of acetylcholine receptors in the small intestine
Authors: Kimura Hitomi , Imura Yu-ki , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Mihara Taiki , Kaji Noriyuki , Ohno Koichi , Unno Toshihiro , Tanahashi Yasuyuki , Jan Tong-Rong , Tsubone Hirokazu , Ozaki Hiroshi , Hori Masatoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGastrointestinal prokinetic agents function as serotonin-4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonists to activate myenteric plexus neurons to release acetylcholine (ACh), which then induce anti-inflammatory action. Details of this pathway, however, remain unknown. The aim of this study is to clarify the anti-inflammatory mechanism underlying the 5-HT4R agonist, mosapride citrate (MOS)-induced anti-inflammatory action on postoperative ileus (POI). POI models were generated from wild-type C57BL6/J (WT), 5-HT4R knock-out (S4R KO), α7 nicotinic AChR KO (α7 R KO), and M2 muscarinic ACh receptor KO (M2R KO) mice. MOS attenuated leukocyte infiltration in WT. MOS-induced anti-inflammatory action was completely abolished in both S4R KO and S4R KO mice upon wild-type bone marrow transplantation. MOS-induced anti-inflammatory action against macrophage infiltration, but not neutrophil infiltration, was attenuated in α7 R KO mice. Selective α7nAChR agonists (PNU-282987 and AR-R17779) also inhibited only macrophage infiltration in POI. MOS-mediated inhibition of neutrophil infiltration was diminished by atropine, M2AChR antagonist, methoctramine, and in M2R KO mice. Stimulation with 5-HT4R inhibits leukocyte infiltration in POI, possibly through myenteric plexus activation. Released ACh inhibited macrophage and neutrophil infiltration likely by activation of α7nAChR on macrophages and M2AChR. Thus, macrophage and neutrophil recruitment into inflamed sites is regulated by different types of AChR in the small intestine.