bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving change: A partnership study protocol using shared emergency department data to reduce alcohol‐related harm
Authors: Miller Peter , Droste Nicolas , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Caldicott David , Fulde Gordian , Ezard Nadine , Preisz Paul , Walby Andrew , Lloyd‐Jones Martyn , Stella Julian , Sheridan Michael , Baker Tim , Hall Michael , Shakeshaft Anthony , Havard Alys , Bowe Steve , Staiger Petra K , D'Este Catherine , Doran Chris , Coomber Kerri , Hyder Shannon , Barker Daniel , Shepherd Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSharing anonymised ED data with community agencies to reduce alcohol‐related injury and assaults has been found effective in the UK. This protocol document outlines the design of an Australian multi‐site trial using shared, anonymised ED data to reduce alcohol‐related harm.Design and MethodNine hospitals will participate in a 36 month stepped‐wedge cluster randomised trial. After a 9 month baseline period, EDs will be randomised in five groups, clustered on geographic proximity, to commence the intervention at 3 monthly intervals. ‘Last‐drinks’ data regarding alcohol use in the preceding 12 h, typical alcohol consumption amount, and location of alcohol purchase and consumption, are to be prospectively collected by ED triage nurses and clinicians at all nine EDs as a part of standard clinical process. Brief information flyers will be delivered to all ED patients who self‐report risky alcohol consumption. Public Health Interventions to be conducted are: (i) information sharing with venues (via letter), and (ii) with police and other community agencies, and (iii) the option for public release of ‘Top 5’ venue lists.OutcomesPrimary outcomes will be: (i) the number and proportion of ED attendances among patients reporting recent alcohol use; and (ii) the number and proportion of ED attendances during high‐alcohol hours (Friday and Saturday nights, 20.00–06.00 hours) assigned an injury diagnosis. Process measures will assess logistical and feasibility concerns, and clinical impacts of implementing this systems‐change model in an Australian context. An economic cost–benefit analysis will evaluate the economic impact, or return on investment.
Postoesophagectomy chylothorax: A single‐centre, 14‐year review
Authors: Lo Samuel Tsoon‐Wuan , Lam Kar‐Hei , Lam Hiu‐Ying , Wong Kevin Ka‐Fai , Leung Siu‐Kee 
Published: March 2019

AimThe reported incidence of postoesophagectomy chylothorax is 1.2–4 per cent. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion: milky chest drain fluid and/or high volume chest drain output. Confirmatory tests involve sending fluid for laboratory investigations. Chylothorax is a potentially lethal condition and carries a high morbidity rate. An early diagnosis can potentially help to identify those who might require operation, dietary restrictions or other treatments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate chylothorax in postoesophagectomy patients.Patients and MethodsWe extracted data from patients who underwent oesophagectomy at Tuen Mun Hospital from 2004 to 2018 for the present retrospective study. Chest drain fluid from every patient was sent every postoperative day for testing for chyle, regardless of quantity and whether or not it was milky. The characteristics of the patients, disease, operations, perioperative conditions, postoperative complications, hospital stay, interventions, morbidity and mortality and chest drain outputs were compared.ResultsThe incidence of chylothorax in our cohort was 9 per cent (14/155). There were nine biochemical chyle leaks (64.3 per cent) and five clinical leaks (35.7 per cent). The biochemical leakage group had a significantly higher 1‐month morbidity rate compared to the nonchylothorax patients (89.9 vs 50 per cent, P = 0.03). All biochemical leaks were resolved with conservative management.The entire chylothorax group also had a longer hospital stay (25.5 vs 17 days, P = 0.04) compared to the nonchylothorax group. Thoracotomy was done in two patients with clinical leaks, and the remaining leaks were resolved with conservative management. In subgroup analysis, the biochemical leak subgroup was found to have a higher 1‐month morbidity rate (88.9 versus 50 per cent, P = 0.03) compared to the nonchylothorax group.ConclusionBy routinely screening for chylothorax, the incidence was found to be 9 per cent, higher than that reported in the literature. The biochemical leak subgroup was found to have a higher 1‐month morbidity rate. This could suggest that biochemical leakage of chyle might have a clinical impact on the recovery of postoesophagectomy patients.
Day surgery for total or completion thyroidectomy: The first report in Hong Kong
Authors: Chow Tam‐Lin , Kwan Wilson Wai‐Yin , Tsui Calvin Kwan‐Pok , Yip Vivian Wai‐Man , Chu Charmaine Ka‐Lai , Njo Anthony Kui‐Hung , Lim Huey‐Sing 
Published: March 2019

AimDay surgery for thyroidectomy is uncommon in Hong Kong. Day hemithyroidectomy is rarely reported in the literature, whereas day total or completion thyroidectomy (TTCT) has not been discussed at all. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the experience of TTCT.Patients and MethodsUsing the computerized hospital system for operations performed, the details of patients who had been scheduled for TTCT between January 2015 and May 2018 were retrieved. Their hospital charts and operation records were retrospectively evaluated with respect to the indications of surgery, operation details, complications, conversion to inpatient admission and unplanned readmission.ResultsForty‐two eligible patients (25 total and 17 completion thyroidectomies) were identified. Total thyroidectomies were all done under general anaesthesia, whereas 70.6 per cent of completion thyroidectomies were done under local anaesthesia. The overall conversion rate to inpatient admission was 19 per cent. After total thyroidectomy, one patient was unexpectedly readmitted. No patient suffered from symptomatic hypocalcaemia, neck haematoma or mortality. There was no statistical difference between the two groups (total vs completion thyroidectomy) in terms of inpatient conversion following operation, unplanned readmission or surgical complications.ConclusionsTTCT thyroidectomy is feasible and safe in properly selected patients. However, mitigation measures against the relatively high inpatient admission rate are worthy of consideration.
Generation of virtual lung single‐photon emission computed tomography/CT fusion images for functional avoidance radiotherapy planning using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Jang Bum‐Sup , Chang Ji Hyun , Park Andrew J , Wu Hong‐Gyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionFunctional image‐guided radiotherapy (RT) planning for normal lung avoidance has recently been introduced. Single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT can help identify the functional areas of lungs, but it is associated with delayed treatment time, additional costs and unexpected radiation exposure. In this study, we propose a machine learning algorithm that can generate functional chest CT images using the conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs).MethodsWe collected a total of 54 lung perfusion SPECT/CT image sets from lung cancer patients who had been treated at a single institution. CT‐to‐SPECT image pairs that contained no lung voxels or did not match anatomically (on account of the patient's breathing) were removed at the physician's discretion. After we excluded the inappropriate images, we selected 3054 CT‐to‐SPECT image pairs as the training set (49 patients) and the 400 testing sets (five patients). The model was trained using the cGAN algorithm.ResultsWe firstly evaluated the model based on multiscale SSIM (MS‐SSIM). With the 400 image pairs of the testing set, we obtained a lung SPECT/CT fusion image for which the MS‐SSIM was 0.87 (0.60–0.99) compared with the original image. We next estimated a gamma index between the generated and the ground truth images, resulting in a mean passing rate of 97.7 ± 1.2% with a 2%/2 mm threshold. These results supported the potential to generate functional areas of the lung parenchyma directly from chest CT images using the machine learning algorithm.ConclusionThe results indicate that the cGAN model used here can generate functional areas from RT planning chest CT images. This could be used for functional image‐guided RT planning, for example, to spare patients’ lung function without additional imaging modalities and costs. Additional studies are needed with many more training and test sets.
Outcomes of incidental findings on multi‐detector computed tomography for transcatheter aortic valve implantation assessment: A single‐centre study and review of the literature
Authors: Ha Francis J , Tham Jodie Li Mei , Paleri Sarang , Wright Christine , Yap Kelvin K , Adams Heath SL , Whitbourn Robert J , Palmer Sonny C 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionPatients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) require multi‐detector computed tomography (MDCT) when considered for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Incidental findings on MDCT are common given the age group and region imaged. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and outcome of incidental findings (IF) identified on MDCT and the impact on survival.MethodsThis single‐centre analysis retrospectively reviewed severe AS patients who underwent MDCT during TAVI workup. MDCT reports were reviewed for any IF and defined into three categories: IF of no relevant clinical significance (IF‐NoCS), IF of non‐immediate clinical significance (IF‐NICS) and IF of immediate clinical significance (IF‐ICS). Demographics, follow‐up of IF and survival were calculated from MDCT date.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐five patients underwent MDCT for TAVI suitability (mean age 83 ± 6 years, 52% male). The majority proceeded to TAVI (65%). Renal lesions (25%) and lung nodules (18%) were the most common IF. Fifty‐nine patients (22%) had IF‐NICS; 39% (23/59) were benign, 59% were not further investigated and one patient had suspected lung cancer. Six patients (2.3%) had IF‐ICS and all were diagnosed with lung cancer. During a median follow‐up of 272 days, there was no survival difference between patients with IF‐ICS or IF‐NICS versus patients without IF or IF‐NoCS in the overall cohort (P = 0.44) or in TAVI patients (P = 0.88).ConclusionIncidental findings on MDCT are common with one‐quarter having IF‐ICS or IF‐NCIS. Most patients with IF‐NICS did not undergo further investigation. Standardized reporting of MDCT may assist in clarifying the need for further investigation which will in turn influence decision and timing to proceed with TAVI.
Analysis of factors related to chronic cough after lung cancer surgery
Authors: Xie Ming‐ran , Zhu Yong‐fu , Zhou Mei‐qi , Wu Sheng‐bing , Xu Guang‐wen , Xu Shi‐bin , Xu Mei‐qing 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundIn this study, we investigated the relationship between chronic cough and clinicopathological features in postoperative patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and evaluated the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy for the treatment of postoperative chronic cough in patients with NSCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 171 patients with NSCLC who received lobectomy at our center between September 2017 and February 2018. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ‐MC) was used to evaluate the degree of cough in patients. Postoperative cough was assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS).ResultsThe total LCQ‐MC score for the whole group was 19.79 ± 0.53 before surgery and 18.40 ± 0.70 after surgery (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that right lung cancer, difficult airway, acute cough and history of COPD were independent predictors of chronic cough. Of the 68 patients diagnosed with chronic cough, 41 received acupuncture therapy (acupuncture therapy group), and 27 received no acupuncture therapy (no therapy group). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of their LCQ‐MC scores at eight weeks after surgery (p = 0.756). However, the acupuncture therapy group had a significantly higher LCQ‐MC score than the no therapy group at 10 weeks after surgery (p = 0.002).ConclusionsRight lung cancer, difficult airway, acute cough, and history of COPD are independent predictors of chronic cough after surgery. For patients with chronic cough, acupuncture therapy can shorten the recovery time and improve quality of life after surgery.
A longitudinal study of Aboriginal images in annual reports: evidence from an arts council
Authors: Rentschler Ruth , Subramaniam Nava , Martin Brian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a longitudinal analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander imagery use in the annual reports (ARs) of the Australia Council for the Arts (ACA). Content analysis based on imagery, textual narrative and para‐text analyses of ARs over 43 years (1973–2015) reveals that the nature and extent of Aboriginal images in ACA's ARs systematically varies with the broader contemporary socio‐political and economic developments. Our findings provide insights on an institutional response to the portrayal and shaping of the identity of a key stakeholder group, i.e. Aboriginal artists, which are associated with gaining and maintaining organisational legitimacy.
Femoral side‐only revision options for the Birmingham resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Chan Mun Khin , Caudwell Michelle , Suchowersky Andrew , Ashton Andrew 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) system (Smith and Nephew) was developed as an alternative to conventional total joint replacement for younger, more active patients. Among other complications exists the risk for femoral component failure. The only marketed revision option for such a complication involves exchange of all components for a total replacement arthroplasty. This presents as a considerable and potentially unnecessary operative burden where revision of only the femoral prosthesis would suffice. We have analysed revision options for BHR in the context of periprosthetic femoral fractures with a stable acetabular component.MethodsTechnical details of dual mobility hip systems available in Australia were collated and analysed to assess for potential ‘off label’ use with an existing BHR acetabular component. These data were then compared with the custom‐made Smith and Nephew dual mobility implant with respect to clearance and sizing.ResultsTwo dual mobility articulation modalities from two companies were identified as appropriate for potential usage with four products analysed in detail. These two demonstrated acceptable sizing and clearance measurements.ConclusionComparison between readily available dual mobility prostheses with custom‐made implants showed off label dual mobility prosthetic use to be a viable alternative for femoral‐only revisions with in situ BHR. Single component revision has several advantages which include: a less complex surgical procedure, shorter operative time, decreased blood loss and the expectation of resultant lower morbidity. Furthermore, this less complex revision surgery should give comparable results to that of primary total hip arthroplasty.
Long‐term oncological outcomes of single‐port laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer
Authors: Hirano Yasumitsu , Hiranuma Chikashi , Hattori Masakazu , Douden Kenji , Yamaguchi Shigeki 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundWe retrospectively reviewed our consecutive experience from the introduction of single‐port laparoscopic surgery (SPS) for colon cancer, and its 5‐year oncological outcomes are evaluated.MethodsA total of 288 patients (140 males) with a mean age of 71.5 years were treated with the single‐port laparoscopic colectomy for stage I, II and III colon cancers. Exclusion criteria of SPS were patients with unresolved bowel obstruction, T4b tumour, tumour perforation and severe medical illness.ResultsIn 20 patients (6.9%), we inserted an extra port mainly to transect the rectum. The median follow‐up period was 52 months. The 5‐year relapse‐free survival rates in stage I, II and III patients were 95.8%, 80.2% and 61.6%, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival rates for stage I, II and III patients were 97.4%, 85.3% and 72.9%, respectively. The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rates in patients diagnosed pathologically T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 100%, 100%, 92.1% and 73.9%, respectively.ConclusionsSPS colectomy can be applied to the treatment of colon cancer with good long‐term oncological outcomes. However, we should pay more attention when we treat the pathologically diagnosed T4 tumours.
Effects of Nigella sativa seeds (black cumin) on insulin secretion and lipid profile: A pilot study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Pelegrin Sophie , Galtier Florence , Chalançon Anne , Gagnol Jean‐Pierre , Barbanel Anne‐Marie , Pélissier Yves , Larroque Michel , Lepape Samuel , Faucanié Marie , Gabillaud Isabelle , Petit Pierre , Chevassus Hugues 
Published: March 2019

It has been claimed that Nigella sativa seeds (NSS), also known as black cumin, have antidiabetic and lipid‐lowering properties. Our pilot study investigated the effects of powdered NSS on insulin secretion and lipid profile in healthy male volunteers. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled 4‐week trial in 30 subjects, receiving NSS powder (1 g/day) or placebo orally (15 subjects/group). Insulin secretion as determined by the hyperglycaemic clamp technique, insulin sensitivity as well as cholesterol and triglycerides serum concentrations, were measured before and after treatment. NSS powder administration was clinically well tolerated. It did not modify fasting glycaemia and insulinaemia, and was ineffective on glucose‐induced insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. No significant changes on serum lipids were observed after treatment in any treatment groups, nor between the two treatment groups. However, in the treated group only, there was a significant correlation between total cholesterol change after treatment and its baseline level (r = −0.71, P = 0.006, n = 13), and between low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol change after treatment and its baseline level (r = −0.74, P = 0.004, n = 13). No such correlations were found for high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and for triglycerides. These results do not confirm any NSS effect on glucose regulation; however, they suggest that NSS powder may be of interest in lowering lipid concentrations in hyperlipidaemic subjects.
Devices and desires: Competing visions of a good education in the digital age
Authors: McFarlane Angela E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe long anticipated ubiquity of digital technologies is now established in the developed world. The manifestations and consequences are not entirely as predicted, perhaps nowhere more so than in the classroom. Amid a clamour for the banning of mobile phone use in school, it is timely to reflect upon the Utopian dream of an enriched experience of education mediated by computers and consider where it all went wrong. Computer‐mediated instruction was supposed to free learners from the constraints which were preventing them from achieving their full potential. The barriers erected by inadequate teaching, impoverished curricula and limited assessment systems would be removed through the introduction of intelligent tutoring systems, worldwide access to information and comprehensive assessment protocols. In reality, the majority of OECD countries are still struggling to ensure that all school leavers have an adequate level of numeracy and literacy to serve their own and the national economy’s needs. This paper considers policy and practice in the introduction of digital technologies in schools as recorded in the available research evidence. The data sources are predominantly from the UK with some US examples. What emerges goes to the heart of what is meant by a good education.Anticipated contribution to the Special Issue themeThis paper will address the theme Government policy: national visions for educational experience through the lens of government‐led innovation in curriculum definition and high‐stakes assessment as a device to manage school accountability. The data sources will be predominantly from the UK with some US examples. It will draw heavily on recent desk research supported through an award from the Nuffield Foundation.
Do Immigrants Trust Trade Unions? A Study of 18 European Countries
Authors: Gorodzeisky Anastasia , Richards Andrew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMigrants form growing proportions of national workforces in advanced capitalist societies. Yet little is known about their attitudes towards the principal agents of worker representation in their host countries, the trade unions, much less via cross‐national research. Using European Values Survey data, we redress this imbalance by examining migrants’ levels of trust in unions, compared to native‐born. We find higher levels of trust in unions by migrants (compared to native‐born) in general and especially by migrants during their first decades after arrival and whose countries of origin are characterized by poor quality institutions. These findings have significant implications for unionization strategies towards migrants, especially given received wisdom portraying migrants as indifferent or distrustful towards unions.
β3‐Adrenoceptor as a potential immuno‐suppressor agent in melanoma
Authors: Calvani Maura , Bruno Gennaro , Dal Monte Massimo , Nassini Romina , Fontani Filippo , Casini Arianna , Cavallini Lorenzo , Becatti Matteo , Bianchini Francesca , De Logu Francesco , Forni Giulia , la Marca Giancarlo , Calorini Lido , Bagnoli Paola , Chiarugi Paola , Pupi Alberto , Azzari Chiara , Geppetti Pierangelo , Favre Claudio , Filippi Luca 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeStress‐related catecholamines have a role in cancer and β‐adrenoceptors; specifically, β2‐adrenoceptors have been identified as new targets in treating melanoma. Recently, β3‐adrenoceptors have shown a pleiotropic effect on melanoma micro‐environment leading to cancer progression. However, the mechanisms by which β3‐adrenoceptors promote this progression remain poorly understood. Catecholamines affect the immune system by modulating several factors that can alter immune cell sub‐population homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms of cancer immune‐tolerance is one of the most intriguing challenges in modern research. This study investigates the potential role of β3‐adrenoceptors in immune‐tolerance regulation.Experimental ApproachA mouse model of melanoma in which syngeneic B16‐F10 cells were injected in C57BL‐6 mice was used to evaluate the effect of β‐adrenoceptor blockade on the number and activity of immune cell sub‐populations (Treg, NK, CD8, MDSC, macrophages, and neutrophils). Pharmacological and molecular approaches with β‐blockers (propranolol and SR59230A) and specific β‐adrenoceptor siRNAs targeting β2‐ or β3‐adrenoceptors were used.Key ResultsOnly β3‐, but not β2‐adrenoceptors, were up‐regulated under hypoxia in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and selectively expressed in immune cell sub‐populations including Treg, MDSC, and NK. SR59230A and β3‐adrenoceptor siRNAs increased NK and CD8 number and cytotoxicity, while they attenuated Treg and MDSC sub‐populations in the tumour mass, blood, and spleen. SR59230A and β3‐adrenoceptor siRNAs increased the ratio of M1/M2 macrophages and N1 granulocytes.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data suggest that β3‐adrenoceptors are involved in immune‐tolerance, which opens the way for new strategic therapies to overcome melanoma growth.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors—New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc