bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End of the line for the golden lion tamarin? A single road threatens 30 years of conservation efforts
Authors: Ascensão Fernando , Niebuhr Bernardo B. , Moraes Andreia M. , Alexandre Brenda R. , Assis Julia C. , Alves‐Eigenheer Milene A. , Ribeiro John W. , de Morais Marcio M. , Martins Andreia F. , de Oliveira Ademilson , Moraes Elisamã , Ramos Jadir H. , Lorini Maria L. , Ferraz Luís P. , Culot Laurence , Dietz James M. , Ruiz‐Miranda Carlos R. , Ribeiro Milton C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRoads have a myriad of negative effects on biodiversity, ultimately threatening the persistence of populations. In this Perspective we call attention to an extreme example, where the entire current geographic range of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia, GLT) is bisected by a major highway that is being widened to four lanes. We believe that the planned mitigation actions are not enough to reduce the expected increase of barrier effects and road mortality. These impacts may lead to a sequence of cascading effects that could jeopardize the conservation actions that prevented the extinction of GLTs three decades ago. We identify specific road sections along the highway and accompanying paved roads in the region that if equipped with tailored over passages would greatly reduce the road barrier effects. We also highlight areas where reforestation efforts could be extended in order to help reestablishing the connectivity between GLT habitat areas. We suggest that the working group integrating key decision makers and stakeholders, including the Non‐governmental organization leading the conservation efforts, partner universities, national road and environmental agencies, and the road construction company, to implement and to monitor the complementary road passages to improve connectivity of GLT habitat, and consequently to ensure the species' survival.
Sonographic assessment of nerve blood flow in diabetic neuropathy
Authors: Borire A. A. , Issar T. , Kwai N. C. , Visser L. H. , Simon N. G. , Poynten A. M. , Kiernan M. C. , Krishnan A. V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo undertake sonographic assessment of nerve blood flow in people with Type 2 diabetes and correlate the findings with neuropathy severity scores and electrophysiological measurements.MethodsMedian and tibial nerve ultrasound scans were undertaken in 75 people with diabetes and 30 aged‐matched controls without diabetes, using a high‐resolution linear probe at non‐entrapment sites. Nerve blood flow was quantified using power Doppler techniques to obtain the vessel score and the maximum perfusion intensity. Neuropathy severity was assessed using a total neuropathy score.ResultsDiabetic nerves had higher rates of nerve blood flow detection (28%) compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between nerve blood flow measurements and nerve size (P <0.001), reported sensory symptoms (P < 0.05) and neuropathy severity scores (P < 0.001). The cohort with diabetes had significantly larger median (8.5 ± 0.3 mm2 vs 7.2 ± 0.1 mm2; P < 0.05) and tibial nerves (18.0 ± 0.9 mm2 vs 12.8 ± 0.5 mm2; P < 0.05) compared with controls.ConclusionPeripheral nerve hypervascularity is detectable by ultrasonography in moderate to severe diabetic neuropathy with prominent sensory dysfunction.
The enduring effects of early‐life stress on the microbiota–gut–brain axis are buffered by dietary supplementation with milk fat globule membrane and a prebiotic blend
Authors: O'Mahony Siobhain M. , McVey Neufeld Karen‐Anne , Waworuntu Rosaline V. , Pusceddu Matteo M. , Manurung Sarmauli , Murphy Kiera , Strain Conall , Laguna Mamen C. , Peterson Veronica L. , Stanton Catherine , Berg Brian M. , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNutritional interventions targeting the microbiota–gut–brain axis are proposed to modulate stress‐induced dysfunction of physiological processes and brain development. Maternal separation (MS) in rats induces long‐term alterations to behaviour, pain responses, gut microbiome and brain neurochemistry. In this study, the effects of dietary interventions (milk fat globule membrane [MFGM] and a polydextrose/galacto‐oligosaccharide prebiotic blend) were evaluated. Diets were provided from postnatal day 21 to both non‐separated and MS offspring. Spatial memory, visceral sensitivity and stress reactivity were assessed in adulthood. Gene transcripts associated with cognition and stress and the caecal microbiota composition were analysed. MS‐induced visceral hypersensitivity was ameliorated by MFGM and to greater extent with the combination of MFGM and prebiotic blend. Furthermore, spatial learning and memory were improved by prebiotics and MFGM alone and with the combination. The prebiotic blend and the combination of the prebiotics and MFGM appeared to facilitate return to baseline with regard to HPA axis response to the restraint stress, which can be beneficial in times where coping mechanisms to stressful events are required. Interestingly, the combination of MFGM and prebiotic reduced the long‐term impact of MS on a marker of myelination in the prefrontal cortex. MS affected the microbiota at family level only, while MFGM, the prebiotic blend and the combination influenced abundance at family and genus level as well as influencing beta‐diversity levels. In conclusion, intervention with MFGM and prebiotic blend significantly impacted the composition of the microbiota as well as ameliorating some of the long‐term effects of early‐life stress.
Emerging market capital flows and U.S. monetary policy
Authors: Clark John , Converse Nathan , Coulibaly Brahima , Kamin Steven B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the drivers of net private capital flows to emerging market economies (EMEs), focusing in particular on the policies of the Federal Reserve. We argue that the role of the Federal Reserve in EME capital flows has been smaller than popularly believed. We first show that the run‐up in capital flows to EMEs predated the loosening of Fed policy, while flows slowed substantially between 2010 and 2015, even as the Fed's quantitative easing program continued to add to monetary stimulus. Both the initial surge in capital flows to EMEs and their subsequent decline are better explained by swings in commodity prices and EME output growth, a linkage which we confirm through panel data regressions on capital flows to 20 major EMEs. The anticipation of the normalization of Federal Reserve policy appears not to have played a predominant role in the decline of capital flows to EME between 2010 and 2015.
Effects of unconventional monetary policy across U.S. industries
Authors: Berisha Edmond 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing industry‐level data for all U.S. states obtained from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, this paper examines the impact that unconventional monetary policy has had on six U.S. industries. The results indicate that the impact varies across the industries analysed. The results show that total wages and salaries increased the most in the finance sector. However, the strongest impact on total real output was in the wholesale sector.
Undergraduate nursing students’ stigma and recovery attitudes during mental health clinical placement: A pre/post‐test survey study
Authors: Foster Kim , Withers Elaine , Blanco Tony , Lupson Christine , Steele Michael , Giandinoto Jo‐Ann , Furness Trentham 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUndergraduate nursing students have been reported to hold negative and stigmatizing attitudes towards mental health consumers and to be under‐prepared for mental health clinical placement. This study aimed to investigate undergraduate nurses’ stigma and recovery attitudes to mental illness, and describe their understandings of personal recovery on entry and exit to traditional mental health clinical placement. A pre/post‐test survey was administered to N = 249 nursing students in Australia. Demographic data, attitudes towards mental health nursing and clinical placement, the Opening Minds Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS‐HC), Recovery Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ‐7), and an open‐ended question on understandings of personal recovery from mental illness were collected on entry (T1) and exit (T2) to placement. At T1, students reported moderate stigma and positive attitudes towards recovery (OMS‐HC mean = 34.6; RAQ‐7 mean = 4.0). At T2, there was a reduction in stigma (social distance P = 0.02, d = 0.26) and improvement in recovery attitudes (P < 0.01, d = 0.40). Attitudes towards mental health nursing and placement also improved (P < 0.01). Having a family member with mental illness predicted improvements in stigma and recovery attitudes. On entry to placement, most students described accurate understandings of personal recovery, which were maintained during placement. The findings indicate that mental health clinical placements are effective in improving students’ mental health stigma and recovery attitudes and provide a prime opportunity to attract students into the field. Co‐produced or consumer‐led education provided by peer workers during clinical placements may improve students’ stigmatizing attitudes and stimulate their interest to work in the field.
Estimation of influenza‐ and respiratory syncytial virus‐attributable medically attended acute respiratory infections in Germany, 2010/11‐2017/18
Authors: an der Heiden Matthias , Buchholz Udo , Buda Silke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of influenza in primary care is difficult to assess, since most patients with symptoms of a respiratory infection are not tested. The case definition of “medically attended acute respiratory infection” (MAARI) in the German physician sentinel is sensitive; however, it requires modelling techniques to derive estimates of disease attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).ObjectivesThe objective of this paper was to review and extend our previously published model in order to estimate the burden of RSV and the differential burden of the two influenza B lineages (Victoria, Yamagata) as well as both influenza A subtypes on primary care visits.MethodsData on MAARI and virological results of respiratory samples (virological sentinel) were available from 2010/11 until 2017/18. We updated the previously published generalized additive regression model to include RSV.ResultsWe found that the proportion of MAARI due to RSV is substantial only in the 0‐1‐ and 2‐4‐year‐old age groups (0‐1 years old: median 7.5%, range 4.0%‐14.8%; 2‐4 years old: median 6.5%, range 4.0%‐10.3%); in the 0‐1 years old age group, RSV leads in almost all seasons to a higher burden than any influenza type or subtype, but this is reversed in the age group 2‐4 years old.ConclusionsWe succeeded in rearranging our previously published model on MAARI to incorporate RSV as well as the two influenza B lineages (Victoria, Yamagata) in the time period 2010 to 2018.
The Deadly Facets of Terrorism
Authors: Python Andre , Illian Janine B. , Jones-Todd Charlotte M. , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCan Bayesian models reveal the underlying processes that drive the lethality of non-state terrorism at a local level? Andre Python, Janine B. Illian, Charlotte M. Jones-Todd and Marta Blangiardo investigate
The structure and electrical properties of Ca0.6(Li0.5Bi0.5‐xPrx)0.4Bi2Nb2O9 high‐temperature piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Wang Dan , Xu Yugen , Shi Yulin , Wang Hongliang , Wu Xiaojun , Wu Chao , Zhu Jianguo , Chen Qiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCa0.6(Li0.5Bi0.5‐xPrx)0.4Bi2Nb2O9 ceramics were prepared via a solid‐state reaction method. The effect of the Pr content on the structural and electrical properties was systematically investigated. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld refinement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that a moderate amount of Pr3+ can be incorporated into the NbO6 octahedra, while excess Pr3+ ions probably enter into the (Bi2O2)2+ layers, thus resulting in an increase in the tetragonality of the crystal structure. The introduction of Pr suppressed the generation of oxygen vacancies and improved the preferential grain growth along the c‐axis, which might be responsible for enhancing the resistivity (ρ ~ 106 Ω cm at 600°C). The replacement of Pr3+ for A‐site Bi3+ enhanced the piezoelectric property, and the piezoelectric constant d33 increased from 13.8 pC/N to 16.3 pC/N. The high depolarization temperature (up to 900°C) implied that CBN‐LBP100x ceramics are promising candidates for ultrahigh‐temperature application.
The Right to Privacy, Control Over Self‐Presentation, and Subsequent Harm
Authors: Munch Lauritz Aastrup 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Andrei Marmor has recently offered a narrow interpretation of the right to privacy as a right to having a reasonable amount of control over one's self‐presentation. He claims that the interest people have in preventing others from abusing their personal information to do harm is not directly protected by the right to privacy. This article rejects that claim and defends a view according to which concerns about abuse play a central role in fleshing out the appropriate scope of a general right to privacy.
Leadless pacing with Micra TPS: A comparison between right ventricular outflow tract, mid‐septal, and apical implant sites
Authors: Garweg Christophe , Vandenberk Bert , Foulon Stefaan , Haemers Peter , Ector Joris , Willems Rik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith its steerable transcatheter delivery system, the Micra can be deployed in nonapical positions within the right ventricle, potentially allowing reduction of the paced QRS width. We sought to evaluate the safety and long‐term performance of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pacing using the Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS). We also compared the paced QRS between RVOT, mid‐septal, and apical implant positions.MethodsAll patients who underwent a Micra TPS implantation at the University Hospitals of Leuven were enrolled in this observational study. Right ventricular (RV) position of the device was assessed on per‐procedural ventriculography. Paced QRS was analyzed and follow‐up completed at 1 month and then every 6 months.ResultsAmong the 133 patients included (mean follow‐up: 13 ± 11 months), 45 were implanted in the RVOT, 58 midseptally, and 30 at the apex. All implant procedures were successful and no pericardial effusion was encountered within the 30 days post‐implant. Two major complications were reported with devices implanted at the apex. Pacing impedance was significantly higher in the RVOT compared to the mid‐septal and apical position (P < .001). Pacing threshold and R‐wave amplitude did not differ over time in either position. The median narrowest paced QRS duration was observed in the RVOT (142 ms) compared to mid‐septal (159 ms; P < .001), and apical position (181 ms; P < .001).ConclusionImplantation of the Micra TPS in the RVOT is safe and feasible. Electrical performance over time was comparable to mid‐septal and apical positions. The narrowest paced QRS complexes is achieved with RVOT pacing.
Can smart factories bring environmental benefits to their products?: A case study of household refrigerators
Authors: Zhang Wujie , Gu Fu , Guo Jianfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSmart factories have been widely adopted as a new manufacturing paradigm, in which the state‐of‐the‐art technologies are introduced to improve relevant processes. Yet, whether smart factories affect the environmental performance remains unknown. In this article, we examine the environmental performance of a smart refrigerator factory by comparing the environmental impacts of its product to a similar model that is produced in a traditional fashion. This article quantifies and verifies the theoretically predicted impacts of this smart factory on the individual processes. Though the overall differences in the two models are quite minor, we find that this smart factory can notably reduce the values of most impact categories associated with the parts and refrigerator production; the reduction in the value of climate change is 33%. Owing to higher material efficiency—raw material savings in this smart factory contributes to the greatest reductions in most categorized impacts—the contribution to the reduction of climate change is 39%. Yet, all categorized impacts of procurement and delivery are increased due to product personalization and direct delivery. The results of sensitivity analysis show that promoting product modularity, adopting clean energy such as wind power can further improve the environmental performance of the selected refrigerator. The introduction of auxiliary equipment and systems slightly increases the value of each category; yet their impacts are negligible compared to their benefits as facilitating production efficiency. Based on the quantitative results, recommendations are given to improve the environmental performance of smart factory, including optimizing current strategies and promoting horizontal and end‐to‐end integration.
Complications and reproductive outcome after uterine artery embolization for retained products of conception
Authors: Ohmaru‐Nakanishi Takako , Kuramoto Kazutaka , Maehara Miyako , Takeuchi Reiko , Oishi Hiroko , Ueoka Yosuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the complications and reproductive outcome after uterine artery embolization (UAE) for retained products of conception (RPOC).MethodsThis was a retrospective medical‐records review study of 57 women treated for RPOC. Participants were divided into two groups: women who underwent treatment with UAE (UAE group: n = 32, 56.1%) and those without UAE (control group: n = 25, 43.9%). The complications and reproductive outcomes were compared between the two groups. Information on subsequent pregnancies and their outcomes was available for 30 women who attempted to conceive.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the interval from the last delivery or abortion (40.1 ± 3.4 vs 51.0 ± 5.1 months, respectively; P = 0.16), the rate of severe bleeding under hysteroscopy (18.5 vs 9.1%, respectively; P = 0.65), the conception rate (58.8 vs 61.5%, respectively; P = 1.0) and mean time to conception (9.9 ± 1.6 vs 11.0 ± 2.9 months, respectively; P = 0.17) in women in the UAE group compared with those in the control group. Rates of post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH) and manual removal of placenta (25.0% in the UAE group and 16.7% in the control group, respectively) were higher than the general population.ConclusionSelective UAE for RPOC may be a preferable procedure in women who are suspected as having a risk of severe bleeding under treatment. Women who were treated for RPOC, regardless of UAE, were at risk of PPH and difficulty in removing the placenta in future pregnancies.
Identification, occurrence, incidence and transmission of phytoplasma associated with Petunia violacea witches’ broom in Iran
Authors: Hemmati Chamran , Nikooei Mehrnoosh , Bertaccini Assunta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA petunia witches’ broom (PvWB) disease, characterized by phyllody, virescence, witches’ broom, little leaf and yellowing, was observed in municipal lands and parks in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, Iran. The disease was present with an average incidence of 20%. PCR and sequencing analysis carried out on selected samples from symptomatic plants showed the presence of a phytoplasma associated with the disease. The molecular comparison of the 16S ribosomal gene indicated 99% sequence identity with the one of “Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia”. This phytoplasma was transmitted to healthy petunia plants under experimental conditions by the leafhopper Orosius albicinctus that was then demonstrated to be a vector of this phytoplasma.
Monarch butterflies use an environmentally sensitive, internal timer to control overwintering dynamics
Authors: Green Delbert A. , Kronforst Marcus R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) complements its iconic migration with diapause, a hormonally controlled developmental programme that contributes to winter survival at overwintering sites. Although timing is a critical adaptive feature of diapause, how environmental cues are integrated with genetically‐determined physiological mechanisms to time diapause development, particularly termination, is not well understood. In a design that subjected western North American monarchs to different environmental chamber conditions over time, we modularized constituent components of an environmentally‐controlled, internal diapause termination timer. Using comparative transcriptomics, we identified molecular controllers of these specific diapause termination components. Calcium signalling mediated environmental sensitivity of the diapause timer, and we speculate that it is a key integrator of environmental condition (cold temperature) with downstream hormonal control of diapause. Juvenile hormone (JH) signalling changed spontaneously in diapause‐inducing conditions, capacitating response to future environmental condition. Although JH is a major target of the internal timer, it is not itself the timer. Epigenetic mechanisms are implicated to be the proximate timing mechanism. Ecdysteroid, JH, and insulin/insulin‐like peptide signalling are major targets of the diapause programme used to control response to permissive environmental conditions. Understanding the environmental and physiological mechanisms of diapause termination sheds light on fundamental properties of biological timing, and also helps inform expectations for how monarch populations may respond to future climate change.
Alternative splicing event modifying ADGRL1/latrophilin‐1 cytoplasmic tail promotes both opposing and dual cAMP signaling pathways
Authors: Ovando‐Zambrano José‐Carlos , Arias‐Montaño José‐Antonio , Boucard Antony A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe adhesion G protein–coupled receptor ADGRL1/latrophilin‐1 (LPHN1) stabilizes synapse formation through heterophilic interactions. A growing consensus is pointing to the role of LPHN1 in modulating intracellular levels of cAMP, although conflicting data exist. Variants of LPHN1 resulting from alternative splicing differ at multiple sites, two of which, designated as SSA and SSB, modify extracellular and intracellular receptor regions, respectively. While SSA splicing modulates receptor–ligand affinity, the function of SSB splicing remains elusive. Here, we explored the role of SSB in an attempt to unify current findings on LPHN1 signaling pathways by testing SSB‐containing and SSB‐deficient receptor variants in signaling paradigms involving interaction with their ligands neurexin and FLRT. cAMP competitive binding assays revealed that cells expressing either receptor variant exhibited a ligand‐dependent decrease in the forskolin‐induced cAMP accumulation. Surprisingly, the expression of SSB‐containing LPHN1 promoted both constitutive and ligand‐dependent cAMP production, whereas SSB‐deficient LPHN1 did not. Pertussis toxin treatment unveiled a constitutive coupling to Gαi/o for SSB‐containing LPHN1 while abrogating the ligand‐mediated activation of Gαs. Importantly, neither receptor variant increased the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ nor MAP kinase activation in the presence of ligands. These results suggest that SSB splicing selectively affects the duality of LPHN1 signaling toward opposing cAMP pathways.