bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Event History Analysis of Grievance Arbitration in Ontario: Labour Justice Delayed?
Authors: Curran Bruce J. 
Published: February 2018

A number of empirical studies from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s indicated that delay in Canadian grievance arbitration was becoming an increasing problem. There have been no further scientific studies on delay since then, despite developments that may exacerbate the issue like increased legalism and expanded arbitral jurisdiction. Academics and practitioners have recently voiced renewed concerns about the threat that delay poses to the viability of the grievance arbitration system.
To address this gap in the scientific literature, the present study examines delay and its determinants in Ontario over the last two decades. Content analysis was conducted on a random sample of almost 400 Ontario grievance arbitrations from three reference years (1994, 2004, and 2012). I then performed event history analysis on the data to determine the various factors that were associated with delay. Consistent with common perception, my empirical results suggest that delay has become worse over the past two decades. I find that certain legalistic factors are indeed associated with delay, including the use of lawyers, the use of preliminary objections, the number of witnesses testifying, and attacks on credibility. In terms of expanded arbitral jurisdiction, I find that while delay has increased for grievances involving alleged Employment Standards Act violations, for all other non-traditional issues (including human rights complaints) there are no significant increases. The results also show that certain dispute resolution procedures, such as expedited arbitration and the use of sole arbitrators are related to shorter grievance durations, and this, combined with the other findings, suggests practical solutions to the issue of delay. However, the findings also suggest that the use of certain procedures involving additional steps, like settlement and mediation-arbitration, can also serve to increase grievance duration when used unsuccessfully.
Vers une structuration du processus émotionnel au travail : le cas des agents de la Brigade anticriminalité en France
Authors: Monier Hélène 
Published: February 2018

Les thématiques de santé et de sécurité au travail, ainsi que de la qualité du service questionnent le rôle de l’émotion au travail et du travail de l’émotion. Quelles sont les composantes du processus émotionnel au travail ? Quelles en sont leurs répercussions sur la santé des professionnels, ainsi que sur la qualité du service et des interventions ? Afin d’apporter les premiers éléments de réponses à ces questionnements théoriques et managériaux, dans le cadre d’une recherche qualitative, un contexte spécifique a été étudié : le cas des policiers de la Brigade anticriminalité (BAC) en France.Comme dans toute activité de service, il existe pour les policiers de la BAC des règles sociales émotionnelles à observer face au public rencontré. Dans ce métier à risques physiques et psychologiques, les émotions brutes, objets du travail, sont à maîtriser par le professionnel afin qu’il effectue correctement sa mission. Pour gérer ces charges émotionnelles inhérentes à l’activité, les policiers de ce service spécialisé utilisent des outils de travail impliquant des émotions : c’est le cas, par exemple, des techniques de travail émotionnel et de l’activation de compétences émotionnelles. Les objets émotionnels du travail et les outils pour les contrer produisent des effets sur le professionnel, qui doit, la plupart du temps, les réguler dans sa vie personnelle. Qu’il s’agisse d’objets, d’outils ou d’effets du travail, la composante émotionnelle affecte la santé du professionnel, ainsi que la qualité de son intervention. Cet article propose une modélisation théorique dissociant les objets émotionnels, les moyens émotionnels (outils émotionnels de travail) et les conséquences émotionnelles de l’activité étudiée (effets émotionnels du travail), complétant et enrichissant le cadre théorique existant dans ce champ de recherche. Cette décomposition du facteur émotionnel offre une réflexion permettant alors à la GRH de considérer le phénomène émotionnel au travail au-delà des questions originelles de santé et de qualité du service offert et des interventions effectuées.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Effect of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Sacral Base Asymmetry
Authors: Snider Karen T. , Redman Crystal L. , Edwards Christopher R. , Bhatia Shalini , Kondrashova Tatyana 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
Patients with low back pain (LBP) may receive osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) to resolve or manage their pain. The indication for OMT for patients with LBP is the presence of somatic dysfunction, diagnosed using palpatory examination. Because palpatory findings commonly have poor interexaminer reliability, the current study used ultrasonography (US) to establish pre-OMT and post-OMT musculoskeletal measurements of relative asymmetry between pelvic and sacral bony landmarks.

Objective
To document objective musculoskeletal changes that occur in response to OMT using US and to compare palpatory assessment of landmark asymmetry with US assessment.

Methods
Sixty men and women aged 20 to 55 years with at least 1 episode of LBP in the past 2 weeks were assigned to a seated control, walking control, or OMT group (20 participants per group). Participants received an initial, bilateral US measurement of the skin to posterior superior iliac spine (SPSIS), skin to sacral base position (SBP), and sacral sulcus depth (SSD). Participants in seated control and OMT groups received a palpatory assessment of SBP and SSD prior to initial US assessment. After assessment, the seated control group sat in a waiting room for 30 minutes, the walking control group walked for 5 minutes, and the OMT group received OMT to address sacral base asymmetry using predominantly direct techniques for a maximum of 20 minutes. Participants then received a second US assessment of the same structures.

Results
Body mass index (BMI) was correlated with SPSIS (r=0.5, P=.001) and SBP (r=0.6, P<.001). More participants in seated control (75%) and OMT (65%) groups had an increase in asymmetry from first to second US assessment for SPSIS compared with participants in the walking control group (35%, P=.05). No significant differences were found between groups for absolute asymmetry or total change in asymmetry (all P>.10). The κ was −0.1 (95% CI, −0.2 to 0.03) for SBP and −0.01 (95% CI, −0.1 to 0.1) for SSD.

Conclusion
Musculoskeletal changes in SPSIS and SBP measurements related to OMT could not be readily identified using US. The SPSIS and SBP measurements were dependent on BMI, which may have affected the accuracy of US to detect small changes in asymmetry. Qualitative palpatory assessments did not correlate with US measurements. Further study is needed to identify US measurements that demonstrate change with OMT. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02820701)
Nontraumatic First Rib Fracture and Empyema Presenting as Shoulder Pain
Authors: Neverman Eric M. , Clary Kevin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Fracture of the first rib is rare because of the anatomic protection provided by surrounding structures. Osseous fatigue caused by repetitive motion and antagonistic muscular contraction is postulated to contribute to nontraumatic first rib fracture, which is most often described in adolescent athletes in sports that involve repetitive overhead motion of the arm. In this report, we describe a 49-year-old man with an occupation involving repetitive overhead motion at the shoulder who was found to have a nontraumatic first rib fracture. The condition resolved with treatment.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of oral glyburide in dogs with acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Jeffery Nick , Boudreau C. Elizabeth , Konarik Megan , Mays Travis , Fajt Virginia 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundGlyburide (also known as glibenclamide) is effective in reducing the severity of tissue destruction and improving functional outcome after experimental spinal cord injury in rodents and so has promise as a therapy in humans. There are many important differences between spinal cord injury in experimental animals and in human clinical cases, making it difficult to introduce new therapies into clinical practice. Spinal cord injury is also common in pet dogs and requires new effective therapies, meaning that they can act as a translational model for the human condition while also deriving direct benefits from such research. In this study we investigated the pharmacokinetics and safety of glyburide in dogs with clinical spinal cord injury.MethodsWe recruited dogs that had incurred an acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury within the previous 72 h. These had become acutely non-ambulatory on the pelvic limbs and were admitted to our veterinary hospitals to undergo anesthesia, cross sectional diagnostic imaging, and surgical decompression. Oral glyburide was given to each dog at a dose of 75 mcg/kg. In five dogs, we measured blood glucose concentrations for 10 h after a single oral dose. In six dogs, we measured serum glyburide and glucose concentrations for 24 h and estimated pharmacokinetic parameters to estimate a suitable dose for use in a subsequent clinical trial in similarly affected dogs.ResultsNo detrimental effects of glyburide administration were detected in any participating dog. Peak serum concentrations of glyburide were attained at a mean of 13 h after dosing, and mean apparent elimination half-life was approximately 7 h. Observed mean maximum plasma concentration was 31 ng/mL. At the glyburide dose administered there was no observable association between glyburide and glucose concentrations in blood.DiscussionOur data suggest that glyburide can be safely administered to dogs that are undergoing anesthesia, imaging and surgery for treatment of their acute spinal cord injury and can attain clinically-relevant serum concentrations without developing hazardous hypoglycemia. Serum glyburide concentrations achieved in this study suggest that a loading dose of 150 mcg/kg followed by repeat doses of 75 mcg/kg at 8-hourly intervals would lead to serum glyburide concentrations of 25–50 ng/mL within an acceptably short enough period after oral administration to be appropriate for a clinical trial in canine spinal cord injury.
Identifying Trade‐Offs and Reconciling Competing Demands for Water: Integrating Agriculture Into a Robust Decision‐Making Framework
Authors: Knox J. W. , Haro‐Monteagudo D. , Hess T. M. , Morris J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIncreasing demands for water, driven by population growth and socioeconomic development, environmental regulations and future climate uncertainty, are highlighting limitations on water supplies. This water‐energy‐food‐environment nexus is not confined to semiarid regions but is emerging as a key business, societal, and economic risk in humid and temperate countries, where abundant water supplies and regulation have historically coped with fluctuating demands between industry, power generation, agriculture, domestic supply, and the environment. In the United Kingdom, irrigation is supplemental to rainfall, consumptive in use, and concentrated in the driest years and most resource‐stressed catchments. This paper describes an empirical application of a mixed methods approach to integrate agriculture into a robust decision‐making framework, focusing on a water‐stressed region in England. The approach shows that competing demands between sectors can be reconciled and that potential options or portfolios compatible with multisectoral collaboration and investment can be identified. The methodological challenges in forecasting agricultural demand, defining acceptable trade‐offs, managing scale and uncertainty issues, and the importance of engendering open dialogue between stakeholders are described. The study provides valuable insights for countries where similar emergent issues regarding conflicts over water demand exist.
Complex Bedrock Fracture Patterns: A Multipronged Approach to Resolve Their Evolution in Space and Time
Authors: Scheiber Thomas , Viola Giulio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe complex fault and fracture patterns commonly observed in metamorphic terranes are the cumulative expression of repeated episodes of brittle deformation. The temporal sequence of deformation remains, however, often obscure due to the general lack of systematic overprinting relationships and absolute geochronological constraints. Here we present a multipronged approach combining remote sensing, field work, structural analysis, and paleostress inversion with mineralogical characterization and K‐Ar dating of brittle features to develop an evolutionary model for one such complex fracture pattern. We applied this methodological approach to pervasively fractured Early to Middle Ordovician intrusive rocks in the northern Bømlo islands, SW Norway. The local brittle structural record is interpreted as reflecting a sequence of six deformation stages, three ascribable to the Caledonian orogenic cycle and three to the rift evolution of the North Sea. The Caledonian structures are assigned to (1) Late Ordovician NNW‐SSE transpression, (2) Silurian ESE‐WNW compression, and (3) Devonian NW‐SE transtension. The rift‐related structures formed during (4) Permian to Middle Triassic ENE‐WSW extension (~ 290–245 Ma), (5) Late Triassic to Late Jurassic E‐W extension (~ 210–160 Ma), and (6) Early Cretaceous ESE‐WNW extension (~ 125 Ma). The reconstructed gradual rotation of the extensional stress field during the Mesozoic might reflect the continuous northward migration of the rift activity from the North Sea toward the mid‐Norwegian margin. Our multipronged approach may be applied to the unraveling of complex and commonly long brittle histories stored in exhumed metamorphic terranes elsewhere.
Patient‐specific calibration of cone‐beam computed tomography data sets for radiotherapy dose calculations and treatment plan assessment
Authors: MacFarlane Michael , Wong Daniel , Hoover Douglas A. , Wong Eugene , Johnson Carol , Battista Jerry J. , Chen Jeff Z. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeIn this work, we propose a new method of calibrating cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets for radiotherapy dose calculation and plan assessment. The motivation for this patient‐specific calibration (PSC) method is to develop an efficient, robust, and accurate CBCT calibration process that is less susceptible to deformable image registration (DIR) errors.MethodsInstead of mapping the CT numbers voxel‐by‐voxel with traditional DIR calibration methods, the PSC methods generates correlation plots between deformably registered planning CT and CBCT voxel values, for each image slice. A linear calibration curve specific to each slice is then obtained by least‐squares fitting, and applied to the CBCT slice's voxel values. This allows each CBCT slice to be corrected using DIR without altering the patient geometry through regional DIR errors.A retrospective study was performed on 15 head‐and‐neck cancer patients, each having routine CBCTs and a middle‐of‐treatment re‐planning CT (reCT). The original treatment plan was re‐calculated on the patient's reCT image set (serving as the gold standard) as well as the image sets produced by voxel‐to‐voxel DIR, density‐overriding, and the new PSC calibration methods. Dose accuracy of each calibration method was compared to the reference reCT data set using common dose‐volume metrics and 3D gamma analysis. A phantom study was also performed to assess the accuracy of the DIR and PSC CBCT calibration methods compared with planning CT.ResultsCompared with the gold standard using reCT, the average dose metric differences were ≤ 1.1% for all three methods (PSC: −0.3%; DIR: −0.7%; density‐override: −1.1%). The average gamma pass rates with thresholds 3%, 3 mm were also similar among the three techniques (PSC: 95.0%; DIR: 96.1%; density‐override: 94.4%).ConclusionsAn automated patient‐specific calibration method was developed which yielded strong dosimetric agreement with the results obtained using a re‐planning CT for head‐and‐neck patients.
Validation of a deformable MRI to CT registration algorithm employing same day planning MRI for surrogate analysis
Authors: Padgett Kyle R. , Stoyanova Radka , Pirozzi Sara , Johnson Perry , Piper Jon , Dogan Nesrin , Pollack Alan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPurposeValidating deformable multimodality image registrations is challenging due to intrinsic differences in signal characteristics and their spatial intensity distributions. Evaluating multimodality registrations using these spatial intensity distributions is also complicated by the fact that these metrics are often employed in the registration optimization process. This work evaluates rigid and deformable image registrations of the prostate in between diagnostic‐MRI and radiation treatment planning‐CT by utilizing a planning‐MRI after fiducial marker placement as a surrogate. The surrogate allows for the direct quantitative analysis that can be difficult in the multimodality domain.MethodsFor thirteen prostate patients, T2 images were acquired at two different time points, the first several weeks prior to planning (diagnostic‐MRI) and the second on the same day as the planning‐CT (planning‐MRI). The diagnostic‐MRI was deformed to the planning‐CT utilizing a commercially available algorithm which synthesizes a deformable image registration (DIR) algorithm from local rigid registrations. The planning‐MRI provided an independent surrogate for the planning‐CT for assessing registration accuracy using image similarity metrics, including Pearson correlation and normalized mutual information (NMI). A local analysis was performed by looking only within the prostate, proximal seminal vesicles, penile bulb, and combined areas.ResultsThe planning‐MRI provided an excellent surrogate for the planning‐CT with residual error in fiducial alignment between the two datasets being submillimeter, 0.78 mm. DIR was superior to the rigid registration in 11 of 13 cases demonstrating a 27.37% improvement in NMI (P < 0.009) within a regional area surrounding the prostate and associated critical organs. Pearson correlations showed similar results, demonstrating a 13.02% improvement (P < 0.013).ConclusionBy utilizing the planning‐MRI as a surrogate for the planning‐CT, an independent evaluation of registration accuracy is possible. This population provides an ideal testing ground for MRI to CT DIR by obviating the need for multimodality comparisons which are inherently more challenging.
Biogenic Supported Lipid Bilayers from Nanosized Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Montis Costanza , Busatto Sara , Valle Francesco , Zendrini Andrea , Salvatore Annalisa , Gerelli Yuri , Berti Debora , Bergese Paolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFabrication of synthetic surfaces that reproduce structure and function of biological membranes is an open challenge. This work reports the first example of supported lipid bilayers obtained from extracellular vesicles (EVSLBs). EVSLBs harness and pattern in two dimensions key properties of extracellular vesicle (EV) membranes, which present intermediate complexity between synthetic mimics and natural membranes and innate link to phenotype and function of the originating cells. Silica‐supported EVSLBs are formed from nanosized EVs—separated from culture media of prostate cancer model TRAMP‐C2 murine cells—following a characteristic crowding‐fusion pathway. They display peculiar properties at different length scales, such as 2.5 nm roughness, lipid‐raft‐like domains, and cushioned patches (with the cushion filled with the native EV biomolecular cargo), which preserve the native EV membrane orientation with the proto‐oncogene tyrosine‐protein kinase Src (c‐Src) accessible to antibody recognition.
Talking to Cells: Semiconductor Nanomaterials at the Cellular Interface
Authors: Rotenberg Menahem Y. , Tian Bozhi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe interface of biological components with semiconductors is a growing field with numerous applications. For example, the interfaces can be used to sense and modulate the electrical activity of single cells and tissues. From the materials point of view, silicon (Si) is the ideal option for such studies due to its controlled chemical synthesis, scalable lithography for functional devices, excellent electronic and optical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Recent advances in this area are pushing the biointerfaces from the tissue and organ level to the single cell and subcellular regimes. In this progress report, some fundamental studies are described focusing on miniaturizing the bioelectric and biomechanical interfaces. Additionally, many highlighted examples involve freestanding Si‐based nanoscale systems, in addition to substrate‐bound structures or devices; the former offers new promise for basic research and clinical application. In this report, recent developments in the interfacing of neuronal and cardiac cells and their networks are described. Moreover, a brief discussion of the incorporation of semiconductor nanostructures for interfacing nonexcitable cells in applications such as probing intracellular force dynamics and drug delivery is included. Finally, several directions for future exploration are suggested.
Protein‐Directed Metal Oxide Nanoflakes with Tandem Enzyme‐Like Characteristics: Colorimetric Glucose Sensing Based on One‐Pot Enzyme‐Free Cascade Catalysis
Authors: Han Lei , Zhang Haijiao , Chen Daoyuan , Li Feng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is difficult and significant to realize the aim of “one‐pot” and “nonenzyme” for traditional colorimetric detection of blood glucose. The synthesis of nanomaterials with 2D morphology is also a challenge for the bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐directed method. Here, the BSA‐directed synthesis avenue for metal oxide with 2D nanomorphology is developed. MnO2 nanoflakes (NFs) with controllable morphology can be obtained by changing the synthesis conditions. Fortunately, not only is the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐like nanozyme (MnO2 NFs) discovered, but MnO2 NFs also show dual enzyme activities (GOx‐like activity and peroxidase‐like activity) in similar pH range. That is to say, a “tandem nanozyme” (nanomaterial with tandem enzyme‐like characteristics) is presented here. Further, the one‐pot nonenzymatic strategy is proposed for the colorimetric detection of glucose, where the oxidation of glucose and the colorimetric detection of H2O2 are simultaneously conducted under the catalysis of the single nanozyme (MnO2 NFs). The method shows high sensitivity, low limit of detection, and short detection time, due to the proximity effect and in situ reaction. The as‐synthesized 2D tandem nanozyme expands the species of nanozymes, and the proposed strategy breaks traditional colorimetric detection process, accomplishing the purposes of “one‐pot” and “nonenzyme” in the true sense.