bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hereditary Spherocytosis Presenting as Diffuse Bone Marrow Activation and Splenomegaly on PSMA-Targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT
Authors: Gomez Erin , Tran Phuoc T. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Pomper Martin G. , Gorin Michael A. , Rowe Steven P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present the case of a 71-year-old man with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 pT2N0MxR0 adenocarcinoma of the prostate who presented with rising PSA level 16 years after radical prostatectomy. PSMA-targeted 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT was performed, which demonstrated recurrent disease in the prostatectomy bed as well as splenomegaly and mild-diffuse bone marrow activation, consistent with the patient's history of hereditary spherocytosis. We briefly review the clinical characteristics of hereditary spherocytosis, its appearance on molecular imaging studies, the normal biodistribution of 18F-DCFPyL, and the PSMA-RADS scoring system for characterizing findings on PSMA-targeted PET imaging.
99mTc-LLEC Renal Dynamic Scan in a Patient With Pelvic Neuroblastoma
Authors: Konudula Sreenivasa Reddy , L Peethamber , Ponnusamy Madhusudhanan , H Dhanapathi , Pandit Nandini 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 5-month-old boy with ultrasonography showing bilateral hydronephrosis, referred for renal scan. On 99mTc-L,L,ethylenedicysteine (99mTc-LLEC) renal scan, tracer blush in flow images in the region of urinary bladder was seen and tumor mass was suspected. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a soft tissue mass in sacrococcygeal region. Histopathological examination of biopsy tissue revealed malignant round cell tumor and immunohistochemistry consistent with neuroblastoma. 131I-MIBG scan revealed uptake in the pelvic mass with no distant metastasis.
Inflammatory Activity of Tumoral Calcinosis in a Patient With Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Gühne Falk , Drescher Robert , Seifert Philipp , Busch Martin , Freesmeyer Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Unexpected inflammatory activity of tumoral calcinosis periarticular to the shoulders and hips in a man with recurrent fever of unknown origin and dialysis-dependent kidney insufficiency was revealed by FDG PET/CT. In absence of other pathologies, the calcinosis was deemed to be the cause of the fever. An infectious or malignant disease could be ruled out, so further therapeutic steps were enabled.
Autologous Fat Grafting in Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Jones Christine M. , Mackay Donald R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Structural fat grafting is a technically simple procedure that has revolutionized the field of plastic surgery, with applications ranging from tissue regeneration to scar modulation to volume restoration. This technique has found applications in the treatment of cleft lip and palate, where it can be used to fill deficient midfacial volume and treat velopharyngeal insufficiency. In this article, the authors summarize the current literature supporting the use of fat grafting in patients with clefts. Evidence as to the safety, efficacy, longevity, and potential complications of the technique are discussed.
Atypical Intracranial Compound Simil Odontoma
Authors: Rayes Alexandre , Munerato Marcelo Salles , Costa Beethoven Estevao , Ribeiro-Júnior Paulo Domingos , Cardoso Camila Lopes 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Odontoma is the most common mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tumour-like malformation which affects maxillary bones. Clinically, Odontomas present as lesions of benign behavior, causing little or no deformity, are asymptomatic, with self-limited growth and usually detected on routine radiographs. Radiographically, they are radiopaque lesions, well-demarcated surrounded by a thin soft tissue capsule. Compound odontomas consist of numerous tooth-like structures, whereas in complex odontomas it consists of a disorganized mass of calcified tissue. The aim of this article was to report an atypical case of intracranial compound odontoma, in the middle cranial fossa, reaching the sphenoidal sinus, which has been followed for 10 years.
Liver Transplantation for Recurrent Cholangitis From Von Meyenburg Complexes
Authors: Panda Nikhil , Brackett Diane , Eymard Corey , Kawai Tatsuo , Markmann James , Kotton Camille N. , Andersson Karin , Yeh Heidi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Von Meyenburg complexes, or multiple biliary hamartomas, are often asymptomatic lesions incidentally discovered during abdominal or hepatic imaging. The presentation of clinically significant Von Meyenburg complexes ranges from cholestasis and self-limited episodes of cholangitis to malignant degeneration into cholangiocarcinoma. In cases of persistent or recurrent cholangitis, treatment is a significant challenge. Definitive source control with liver transplantation, as in other cases of cholestatic liver disease, may be necessary.
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Incapable Patients Refusing Treatment
Authors: Besse Matthias , Methfessel Isabel , Simon Alfred , Wille Claudia , Zilles David 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
Severe psychiatric disorders may be accompanied by life-threatening conditions, lack of insight, and treatment refusal. Involuntary treatment may be indicated in patients who lack capacity to consent and refuse treatment. In this context, there is a lack of systematic data regarding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Germany.

Methods
A questionnaire with 25 items comprising quantitative and qualitative data was sent to all psychiatric hospitals in Germany that perform ECT. Cases of ECT treatment in incapable patients refusing therapy were identified retrospectively in a 12-month period.

Results
Fifty-three hospitals completed the questionnaire, and 15 cases of ECT in incapable and refusing patients were reported. A marked clinical response was observed in 14 patients. Capacity to consent was restored in 11 patients. In contrast to this particularly good effectiveness, psychiatrists' attitudes revealed a widespread lack of experience as well as reservations and uncertainties regarding the use of ECT against the patient's wishes.

Conclusions
In line with other recent publications, our data suggest a very good benefit-to-risk ratio for ECT in incapable patients refusing the treatment, while at the same time the provision of ECT in such patients is rare in Germany. In light of the scarcity of treatment alternatives and the possible consequences of a refusal to perform ECT in life-threatening conditions, a general rejection of involuntary ECT does not seem ethically appropriate.
Mammalian orthoreovirusinfection is enhanced in cells pre-treated with sodium arsenite
Authors: Lutz Michael M. , Worth Megan P. , Hinchman Meleana M. , Parker John S. L. , Ledgerwood Emily D. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFollowing reovirus infection, cells activate stress responses that repress canonical cellular translation as a mechanism to limit production of progeny virions. This includes the formation of stress granules (SG) that sequester translationally-stalled cellular transcripts, translation initiation factors, ribosomal proteins, and RNA binding proteins until conditions improve and translation can resume. Work by others suggests that these cellular stress responses, which are part of the integrated stress response, may benefit rather than repress reovirus replication. In agreement with this, we report that stressing cells prior to infection with sodium arsenite (SA), a robust inducer of SG and activator of eIF2α kinases, enhanced viral protein expression, percent infectivity and viral titer in SA-treated cells compared to untreated cells. SA-mediated enhancement of reovirus replication was not strain-specific, but was cell-type specific. While pre-treatment of cells with SA offered the greatest enhancement, treatment of infected cultures as late as 4 h post infection resulted in an increase in the percent of cells infected. SA activates the HRI kinase, which phosphorylates eIF2α and subsequently induces SG formation. Other stresses, such as heat shock (HS) and osmotic shock also activate HRI. Heat shock of cells prior to reovirus infection readily induced SG in greater than 85% of cells. Although HS pre-treatment had no effect on the percentage of infected cells or viral yield, it did enhance viral protein expression. These data suggest that SA pre-treatment perturbs the cell in a way that is beneficial for reovirus and that neither HRI activation nor SG induction is sufficient for reovirus infection enhancement.SIGNIFICANCEAll viruses rely on the host translational machinery for the synthesis of viral proteins. In response to viral infection, cells activate the integrated stress response resulting in the phosphorylation of eIF2α and translation shutoff. Despite this, reovirus replicates to reduced titers in the absence of this response. In this work, we report that sodium arsenite activation of the integrated stress response prior to virus inoculation enhances virus infectivity, protein expression and titer. Together, these data suggest that modulation of conserved cellular stress responses can alter reovirus replication.
Mouse model of the human serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region
Authors: Piszczek Lukasz , Memoli Simone , Raggioli Angelo , Viosca José , Rientjes Jeanette , Hublitz Philip , Czaban Weronika , Wyrzykowska Anna , Gross Cornelius 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGenetic factors play a significant role in risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate the brain monoamine systems, such as catabolic enzymes and transporters, are attractive candidates for being risk factors for emotional disorders given the weight of evidence implicating monoamines involvement in these conditions. Several common genetic variants have been identified in the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene, including a repetitive sequence located in the promoter region of the locus called the serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTT-LPR). This polymorphism has been associated with a number of mental traits in both humans and primates, including depression, neuroticism, and harm avoidance. Some, but not all studies found a link between the polymorphism and 5-HTT levels, leaving open the question of whether the polymorphism affects risk for mental traits via changes in 5-HTT expression. To investigate the impact of the polymorphism on gene expression, serotonin homeostasis, and behavioural traits we set out to develop a mouse model of the human 5-HTT- LPR. Here we describe the creation and characterization of a set of mouse lines with single copy human transgenes carrying the short and long 5-HTT-LPR variants.
How prolonged expression of Hunchback, a temporal transcription factor, re-wires locomotor circuits
Authors: Meng Julia L. , Marshall Zarion D. , Lobb-Rabe Meike , Heckscher Ellie S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract:In many CNS regions, neuronal birth timing is associated with circuit membership. In Drosophila larvae, we show U motor neurons are a temporal cohort—a set of non-identical, contiguously-born neurons from a single neuronal stem cell that contribute to the same circuit. We prolong expression of a temporal transcription factor, Hunchback, to increase the number of U motor neurons with early-born molecular identities. On the circuit level, this expands and re-wires the U motor neuron temporal cohort. On the cell biological level, we find novel roles for Hunchback in motor neuron target selection, neuromuscular synapse formation, dendrite morphogenesis, and behavior. These data provide insight into the relationship between stem cell and circuit, show that Hunchback is a potent regulator of circuit assembly, and suggest that temporal transcription factors are molecules that could be altered during evolution or biomedical intervention for the generation of novel circuits.
Body coloration and mechanisms of colour production in Archelosauria: The case of deirocheline turtles
Authors: Brejcha Jindřich , Bataller José Vicente , Bosáková Zuzana , Geryk Jan , Havlíková Martina , Kleisner Karel , Maršík Petr , Font Enrique 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnimal body coloration is a complex trait resulting from the interplay of multiple colour-producing mechanisms. Increasing knowledge of the functional role of animal coloration stresses the need to study the proximate causes of colour production. Here we present a description of colour and colour producing mechanisms in two non-avian archelosaurs, the freshwater turtles Trachemys scripta and Pseudemys concinna. We compare reflectance spectra; cellular, ultra-, and nano-structure of colour-producing elements; and carotenoid/pteridine derivatives contents in the two species. In addition to xanthophores and melanocytes, we found abundant iridophores which may play a role in integumental colour production. We also found abundant dermal collagen fibres that may serve as thermoprotection but possibly also play role in colour production. The colour of yellow-red skin patches results from an interplay between carotenoids and pteridine derivatives. The two species differ in the distribution of pigment cell types along the dorsoventral head axis, as well as in the diversity of pigments involved in colour production, which may be related to visual signalling. Our results indicate that archelosaurs share some colour production mechanisms with amphibians and lepidosaurs, but also employ novel mechanisms based on the nano-organization of the extracellular protein matrix that they share with mammals.
Effector loading onto VgrG spike proteins is critical for the assembly of the type VI secretion system inAgrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Lien Yun-Wei , Wu Chih-Feng , Bondage Devanand , Lin Jer-Sheng , Shih Yu-Ling , Chang Jeff H. , Lai Erh-Min 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe type VI secretion system (T6SS) is used by many bacteria to engage in social behaviors with others and can directly or indirectly affect the health of plants and animals. Because activities associated with T6SS are often costly, the assembly and activation of the T6SS must be highly regulated. However, our knowledge regarding how T6SS assembly and contraction are regulated remains limited. Here we show that the loading of effectors onto their cognate carriers is critical for the assembly of a functional T6SS inAgrobacterium tumefaciens. A. tumefaciensstrain C58 encodes one T6SS and two Tde DNase toxin effectors used as major weapons for interbacterial competition. We found that loading of Tde effectors onto their cognate carrier, the VgrG spike, is required for active T6SS secretion. Our data also suggest the assembly of the TssBC contractile sheath occurs only after Tde effectors are loaded onto the VgrG spike. The requirement of effector loading for efficient T6SS secretion was also validated in otherA. tumefaciensstrains. Such a mechanism may be used by bacteria as a strategy for efficacious T6SS firing. Given the prevalence of T6SS-encoding loci in host-associated bacteria, these findings inform on mechanisms that influence the composition of microbial communities and the services provided to hosts.
BKV clearance time correlates with exhaustion state and T-cell receptor repertoire shape of BKV-specific T-cells in renal transplant patients
Authors: Stervbo Ulrik , Nienen Mikalai , Weist Benjamin JD , Kuchenbecker Leon , Wehler Patrizia , Westhoff Timm H , Reinke Petra , Babel Nina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReactivation of the BK polyomavirus is known to lead to severe complications in kidney transplant patients. The current treatment strategy relies on decreasing the immunosuppression to allow the immune system to clear the virus. Recently, we demonstrated a clear association between the resolution of BKV reactivation and reconstitution of BKV-specific CD4+ T-cells. However, which factors determine the duration of viral infection clearance remains so far unclear. Here we apply a combination of in-depth multi-parametric flow cytometry and NGS-based CDR3 beta chain receptor repertoire analysis of BKV-specific T-cells to a cohort of 7 kidney transplant patients during the clinical course of BKV reactivation. This way we followed TCR repertoires at single clone levels and functional activity of BKV-specific T-cells during the resolution of BKV infection. The duration of BKV clearance did not depend on the number of peripheral blood BKV-specific T-cells nor on a few immunodominant BKV-specific T-cell clones. Rather, the T-cell receptor repertoire diversity and exhaustion status of BKV-specific T-cells affected the duration of viral clearance: high clonotype diversity and lack of PD1 and TIM3 exhaustion markers on BKV-specific T-cells was associated with short clearance time. Our data thus demonstrate how the diversity and the exhaustion state of the T-cells can determine the clinical course of BKV infection.
Seeing, fast and slow: the effects of processing time on perceptual bias
Authors: Dekel Ron , Sagi Dov 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFast and slow decisions exhibit distinct behavioral properties, such as the presence of decision bias in faster but not slower responses. This dichotomy is currently explained by assuming that distinct cognitive processes map to separate brain mechanisms. Here, we suggest an alternative, single-process account based on the stochastic properties of decision processes. Our experimental results show perceptual biases in a variety of tasks (specifically: learned priors, tilt illusion, and tilt aftereffect) that were much reduced with increasing reaction time. To account for this, we consider a simple yet general explanation: prior and noisy decision-related evidence are integrated serially, with evidence and noise accumulating over time (as in the standard drift diffusion model). With time, owing to noise accumulation, the prior effect is predicted to diminish. This illustrates that a clear behavioral separation – presence vs. absence of bias – may reflect a simple stochastic mechanism.HighlightsPerceptual and decisional biases are reduced in slower decisions.Simple mechanistic single-process account for slow bias-free decisions.Signal detection theory criterion is ~zero in decision times>median.
Synthesis and characterization of oral drug delivery, a pH – sensitive silver nanocomposite based on sodium alginate extracted from Sargassum asperifolium collected from Jazan coasts, KSA
Authors: Agili Fatimah. A. , Mohamed Sahera. F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe pH-sensitive nanocomposite composed of sodium alginate/ Pectin/ Tannic acid – silver SA/Pec/TA-Ag was prepared using microwave irradiation and employed as a carrier for Propranolol drug. Physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared systems using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), Dynamic light Scattering instrument (DLS), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The percentage drug release was 96% at pH 7.4 within 420 min. The drug release data was fitted into different kinetic models included zero order, First order, Higuchi and Ritger-Peppas model. The release mechanism is non-Fickian character where it controlled by diffusion and relaxation of polymer chains. It can be concluded that SA/Pec/TA-Ag nanocomposite is candidate for the oral drug carrier specific for intestinal system and has stability against gastric fluid.
Neutron crystallographic study of heterotrimeric glutamine amidotransferase CAB
Authors: Li Long , Adachi Motoyasu , Yu Jian , Kato Koji , Shinoda Akira , Ostermann Andreas , Schrader Tobias E. , Ose Toyoyuki , Yao Min 
Published: February 2019

Heterotrimeric glutamine amidotransferase CAB (GatCAB) possesses an ammonia-self-sufficient mechanism in which ammonia is produced and used in the inner complex by GatA and GatB, respectively. The X-ray structure of GatCAB revealed that the two identified active sites of GatA and GatB are markedly distant, but are connected in the complex by a channel of 30 Å in length. In order to clarify whether ammonia is transferred through this channel in GatCAB by visualizing ammonia, neutron diffraction studies are indispensable. Here, GatCAB crystals were grown to approximate dimensions of 2.8 × 0.8 × 0.8 mm (a volume of 1.8 mm3) with the aid of a polymer using microseeding and macroseeding processes. Monochromatic neutron diffraction data were collected using the neutron single-crystal diffractometer BIODIFF at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Germany. The GatCAB crystals belonged to space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 74.6, b = 94.5, c = 182.5 Å and with one GatCAB complex (molecular mass 119 kDa) in the asymmetric unit. This study represented a challenge in current neutron diffraction technology.
The relationship between corporate governance and intellectual capital
Authors: Buallay Amina , Hamdan Allam 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of firm size on the relationship between corporate governance (CG) and intellectual capital (IC) efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology was a pooled data for three years (2012-2014) for 171 listed firms, resulting in 489 observations.

Findings
The findings revealed that the inclusion of firm size as a moderating variable has influenced positively only the relationship between CG principles and capital employed efficiency (CEE). Further, the finding showed that the two IC components namely, human capital efficiency and structural capital efficiency, tend to be higher with firms that high level of CG adoption. However, CEE tends to be higher with firms that have lower level of CG adoption. Other finding shows that CG index was significant with the three IC components.

Originality/value
Such information will help the stakeholders, investors, decision-makers, regulators, policymakers and scholars to improve their knowledge about IC. Furthermore, it will be useful for firms to place their priorities regarding the internal system and financial plans for effective and efficient use of CG and IC.
Piercing the corporate veil: when LLCs and corporations may be at risk
Authors: Al-Tawil Tareq Na’el 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the available judicial precedence using both the United Arab Emirates and UK laws to bring up a much broader understanding of wrongful and fraudulent trading concepts and provide a critical analysis of potential personal liabilities of directors in the UK and UAE jurisdictions for the acts of fraud and mismanagement.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper seeks to understand corporate fraud from the aspect of trading. It will take an in-depth look into wrongful trading and fraudulent trading in the UAE and UK jurisdictions while analyzing the punishment for the same. The study will also look at famous cases for the same while seeking to understand the mitigation measures undertaken in various nations across the world.

Findings
The author studies the contents and provisions of the UK Insolvency Act 1986, truly the concepts of wrongful trading and fraudulent trading are not explicitly mentioned in the UAE Law, but the said terms associated with “lifting of corporate veil” are notionally existent under the UAE Federal Law No2/2015, otherwise known as Companies Law (Articles 84 and 162-1), and under the UAE Bankruptcy Law (Federal Decree Law No. 9 of 2016), which provides legislation governing trading while the company is insolvent.

Originality/value
In the current paper, the author is keen to examine the available judicial precedence to bring up a much broader understanding of the mentioned concepts and provide a critical analysis of potential personal liabilities of directors in the UK and UAE jurisdictions for the acts of fraud and mismanagement.