bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of continuous and high‐intensity interval exercise on executive function
Authors: Brown Denver M. Y. , Bray Steven R. 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of 20‐min of cycling exercise at varying exercise intensities on executive function performance. Participants (N = 107) completed a baseline measure of executive function (Stroop task [ST]) and a graded cardiovascular exercise test during Visit 1. During Visit 2, participants were randomized to groups and completed 20 min of activity involving: high‐intensity interval exercise, high‐, moderate‐ or very‐light intensity continuous exercise, or no‐exercise (control). The ST was performed immediately following the exercise/control manipulation and at 10‐min post‐manipulation. Results showed exercise positively influenced executive function immediately after exercising in all groups with the exception of the very‐light intensity exercise group, while all groups showed significant improvements at 10‐min post‐exercise. Findings also revealed a significant difference between the moderate‐intensity exercise group in comparison to the very‐light intensity exercise group immediately post‐exercise. Among the exercise stimuli investigated, results suggest moderate‐intensity exercise provides the greatest beneficial effects on executive function immediately following exercise. Future research should focus on mechanisms that would account for enhanced executive function performance following acute exercise and dose–response effects.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials: Skin‐patch of Chinese herbal medicine for patients with acute gouty arthritis
Authors: Wang Hui‐Ru , Fu Qiang , Liu Zhe , Li Meng‐Lin , Zhai Shuang‐Qing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the evidence of the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine skin‐patches for patients with acute gouty arthritis.BackgroundAcute gouty arthritis is a problem that can limit the level of activity and impair the quality of life. In China, many clinical studies have demonstrated that skin‐patches of Chinese herbal medicines benefit patients with acute gouty arthritis. However, the reported clinical effects vary.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data sourcesThree English databases including CENTRAL (1993 to February 2017), PubMed (1966 to February 2017) and EMBASE (1974 to February 2017) and four Chinese databases including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, SinoMed and Wanfang (all, 1949 ‐ February 2017) were searched. Randomized controlled trials that compared skin‐patches of Chinese herbal medicine with or without conventional treatments to conventional treatments, no treatment or a placebo treatment for patients with acute gouty arthritis were included.Review methodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis following the Cochrane process. Two authors selected the studies, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included trials.ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. After synthesizing the data, the results showed that skin‐patches of CHM combined with Western medicine seemed to be more effective than Western medicine alone for pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis and had fewer adverse events.ConclusionDue to the quality of the data, larger and more rigorously designed clinical trials with proper outcome measures are necessary.
Effects of postoperative pain management educational interventions on the outcomes of parents and their children who underwent an inpatient elective surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhu Lixia , Chan Wai‐Chi Sally , Liam Joanne Li Wee , Xiao Chunxiang , Lim Evelyn Chin Choo , Luo Nan , Cheng Kin Fong Karis , He Hong‐Gu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of a postoperative pain management educational intervention on the outcomes of parents and their children who underwent inpatient elective surgery.BackgroundEquipping parents with knowledge and skills to manage their children's postoperative pains is essential. Very limited studies have examined the effects of educational interventions on parents’ knowledge, attitudes and use of pharmacological and non‐pharmacological pain relief methods.DesignThree‐group pre‐ and post‐test randomized controlled trial.MethodsParent–child pairs (N = 152) were recruited from September 2013–January 2015 and randomly assigned to either the control group or one of the two intervention groups. Valid and reliable instruments and diary entries were used to collect data at the baseline, 6, 12 and 24 hr and 2 weeks after the surgery. IBM SPSS 23.0 was used to analyse the data.ResultsParents reported moderate levels of knowledge, attitudes, pain relief methods used and children's postoperative pain. Except for parents’ knowledge, types and frequencies of non‐pharmacological methods used, there were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in parents’ attitudes on pain management and pain medication, their uses of pain relief strategies (questionnaire data), satisfaction with postoperative pain management and children's worst postoperative pain in 2 weeks after surgery.ConclusionEducation seemed effective in improving parents’ knowledge and use of non‐pharmacological methods, but not attitudes, satisfaction with pain management and children's postoperative pain. Future studies are needed to develop modern digitalized ways for educating and supporting parents to optimize their children's postoperative pain management.Trial registrationThis study has been registered with BioMed Central Ltd. (Registration No.: ISRCTN24910957).
Associations of eHealth literacy with health‐promoting behaviours among hospital nurses: A descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye , Park Bu Kyung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo investigate the associations of eHealth Literacy with health‐promoting behaviours among hospital nurses in South Korea.BackgroundHealth‐promoting behaviours of nurses are crucial for their own improved health and health‐related behaviours of patients. eHealth literacy refers to the ability to search, understand and evaluate health information available online. With the growing use of the Internet, eHealth literacy is emerging as an important factor enhancing health‐promoting behaviours.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional design with self‐reported questionnaires.MethodsData were collected between March–May 2016 from five hospitals in South Korea. Health‐promoting behaviours and eHealth literacy were assessed using Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile‐II and K‐eHEALS, respectively. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations of eHealth literacy and health‐promoting behaviours.ResultsNurses with high level of eHealth literacy had significantly positive overall health‐promoting behaviours, stress management, interpersonal relations, self‐actualization and health responsibility, but not for nutrition and physical activity.ConclusionImproving eHealth literacy through various strategies could be an effective way to boost health‐promoting behaviours among nurses. However, improvement of actual health‐promoting behaviours such as nutrition and physical activity will require systematic and organizational changes.
The effects of “phubbing” on social interaction
Authors: Chotpitayasunondh Varoth , Douglas Karen M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis research experimentally investigated the social consequences of “phubbing” – the act of snubbing someone in a social setting by concentrating on one's mobile phone. Participants viewed a three‐minute animation in which they imagined themselves as part of a dyadic conversation. Their communication partner either phubbed them extensively, partially, or not at all. Results revealed that increased phubbing significantly and negatively affected perceived communication quality and relationship satisfaction. These effects were mediated by reduced feelings of belongingness and both positive and negative affect. This research underlines the importance of phubbing as a modern social phenomenon to be further investigated.
Radial growth response to climate change along the latitudinal range of the world's southernmost conifer in southern South America
Authors: Holz Andrés , Hart Sarah J. , Williamson Grant J. , Veblen Thomas T. , Aravena Juan C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe examined whether and how tree radial‐growth responses to climate have changed for the world's southernmost conifer species throughout its latitudinal distribution following rapid climate change in the second half of the 20th century.LocationTemperate forests in southern South America.MethodsNew and existing tree‐ring radial growth chronologies representing the entire latitudinal range of Pilgerodendron uviferum were grouped according to latitude and then examined for differences in growth trends and non‐stationarity in growth responses to a drought severity index (scPDSI) over the 1900–1993 AD period and also before and after significant shifts in climate in the 1950s and 1970s.ResultsThe radial‐growth response of P. uviferum climate was highly variable across its full latitudinal distribution. There was a long‐term and positive association between radial growth and higher moisture at the northern and southern edges of the distribution of this species and the opposite relationship for the core of its distribution, especially following the climatic shifts of the 1950s and 1970s. In addition, non‐stationarity in moisture‐radial growth relationships was observed in all three latitudinal groups (southern and northern edges and core) for all seasons during the 20th century.Main conclusionsClimate shifts in southern South America in the 1950s and 1970s resulted in different responses in the mean radial growth of P. uviferum at the southern and northern edges and at the core of its range. Dendroclimatic analyses document that during the first half of the 20th century climate‐growth relationships were relatively similar between the southern and northern range edges but diverged after the 1950s. Our findings imply that simulated projections of climate impacts on tree growth, and by implication on forest ecosystem productivity, derived from models of past climate‐growth relationships need to carefully consider different and non‐stationarity responses along the wide latitudinal distribution of this species.
Dated phylogeography of western North American subalpine marshmarigolds (Caltha spp., Ranunculaceae): Miocene–Pliocene divergence of hexaploids, multiple origins of allododecaploids during the Pleistocene, and repeated recolonization of Last Glacial Maximum glaciated regions
Authors: Wefferling Keir M. , Hoot Sara B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimIn order to understand how a montane polyploid species complex responded to Cenozoic mountain uplift and climate change, we reconstructed the biogeographic history of the subalpine marshmarigold polyploid complex, including Caltha biflora, Caltha chionophila and Caltha leptosepala. Phylogenies at multiple taxonomic levels were used to estimate the timing of species divergence, allopolyploid formation and migration patterns, and to identify Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) refugia and recolonization routes.LocationWestern North America.MethodsA fossil‐calibrated chronogram was estimated for the eudicot order Ranunculales that was in turn used to set age priors on genus‐level Caltha phylogenies. Nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequence data were collected from subalpine marshmarigolds, including 161 specimens from across the geographical range of the complex. The datasets were analysed under a strict or relaxed molecular clock and a structured coalescent model of evolution estimated under a Bayesian framework.ResultsHexaploids C. biflora and Caltha chionophila diverged in the Upper Miocene to Lower Pleistocene (chloroplast and nuclear dataset estimates overlapping at the Miocene–Pliocene boundary), and upon secondary contact formed allododecaploid C. leptosepala bidirectionally and at least three times. The hexaploids persisted to the south of LGM icesheets and recolonized LGM glaciated regions in multiple waves, mainly from the C. biflora clade in the Cascades and Coast Ranges.Main conclusionsThis study of a widespread western North American plant lineage shows a complex response to past geological and climatic changes, with multiple refugia, allopolyploidization events, and migrations during the Pleistocene. Bidirectional allododecaploid formation has resulted in cryptic lineages, some of which (C. leptosepala in the Cascades and Coast Ranges) have been more successful at reclaiming glaciated regions than others (C. leptosepala in the Northern Rockies).
Renal nerve ablation reduces blood pressure in resistant hypertension: Long‐term clinical outcomes in a single‐center experience
Authors: Denegri Andrea , Naduvathumuriyil Tino , Lüscher Thomas Felix , Sudano Isabella 
Published: March 2018

Approximately 10% of patients with hypertension have resistant hypertension, even if adequate pharmacological therapy is established. In this regard, renal nerve ablation (RNA) could represent a valid alternative treatment option. In a retrospective analysis with a follow‐up of 6, 12, and 24 months, the authors investigated the efficacy and safety of catheter‐based renal artery ablation in 57 patients undergoing RNA with multiple renal nerve ablation in both renal arteries. In addition to medical antihypertensive therapy (4.2 ± 1.4 drugs per patient), RNA using three different ablation systems was performed in patients with confirmed resistant hypertension (systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg in spite of three drugs including a diuretic). The primary end point was the change in office ambulatory systolic blood pressure from baseline to 6, 12, and 24 months of follow‐up after RNA. The primary safety end point was the change in plasma creatinine levels after 12 and 24 months compared with baseline. The mean office systolic blood pressure at baseline was 167.6 ± 22.4 and after 6, 12, and 24 months averaged 143.5 ± 21.1 (P < .05), 141.1 ± 21.1 (P < .05), and 139.4 ± 19.6 mm Hg (P < .05) respectively, with an average of 15.1 ± 5.3 nerve ablations performed. No significant changes in plasma creatinine levels were observed at 12 months (P = .421) and at 24 months (P = .217). There were no complications after RNA nor any relevant adverse vascular, renal, or cardiovascular events observed except in one patient in whom a covered stent had to be placed at the femoral puncture site. In this study, in all patients with resistant hypertension, RNA, if performed adequately in the number of ablations and energy delivery, is an efficient and safe treatment option to lower office and 24‐hour blood pressure. Whether these blood pressure–lowering effects will lead to a reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality will require further studies.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal ɑ‐lipoic acid‐regulated cell proliferation via Grb2‐mediated signalling in hepatic cancer cells
Authors: Yang Lan , Wang Xiliang , Xu Juan , Wen Ya , Zhang Manqiao , Lu Jingxiao , Wang Rongfu , Sun Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary liver cancer worldwide. The use of antioxidants as cancer prevention and treatment agents has become a focus of research in recent years due to their limited adverse effects. Alpha lipoic acid (ɑ‐LA) is synthesized in the liver and is considered a naturally occurring antioxidant. In this study, a total of 4446 differentially expressed genes (2097 down‐regulated and 2349 up‐regulated) were identified via RNA‐Seq in HepG2 cells after exposure to α‐LA for 24 hrs. Moreover, GO and KEGG pathway analyses showed that cancer‐relevant cell membrane proteins were significantly affected. An interaction network analysis predicted that Grb2 might mediate the key target pathways activated by exposure to ɑ‐LA. Verification of the RNA‐Seq and iTRAQ results confirmed that Grb2 mediated the ɑ‐LA‐induced inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, the analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma specimens obtained from the GEO database showed that the expression of EGFR and Met correlated with that of Grb2. These findings provide a novel mechanism through which ɑ‐LA regulates cell proliferation via the down‐regulation of growth factor‐stimulated Grb2 signalling.
The essential function of CARD9 in diet‐induced inflammation and metabolic disorders in mice
Authors: Zeng Xuejiao , Du Xihao , Zhang Jia , Jiang Shuo , Liu Jie , Xie Yuquan , Shan Wei , He Guanglong , Sun Qinghua , Zhao Jinzhuo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInflammation and metabolic disorder are common pathophysiological conditions, which play a vital role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of caspase recruitment domain (CARD) 9 in the high fat diet (HFD)‐treated mice and attempt to find a molecular therapeutic target for obesity development and treatment. Sixteen male CARD9−/− and corresponding male WT mice were fed with normal diet or high fat diet, respectively, for 12 weeks. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, oxygen consumption and heat production of the mice were detected. The CARD9/MAPK pathway‐related gene and protein were determined in insulin‐responsive organs using Western blotting and quantitative PCR. The results showed that HFD‐induced insulin resistance and impairment of glucose tolerance were more severe in WT mice than that in the CARD9−/− mice. CARD9 absence significantly modified O2 consumption, CO2 production and heat production. CARD9−/− mice displayed the lower expression of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK when compared to the WT mice in both HFD‐ and ND‐treated groups. HFD induced the increase of p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK in WT mice but not in the CARD9−/− mice. The results indicated that CARD9 absence could be a vital protective factor in diet‐induced obesity via the CARD9/MAPK pathway, which may provide new insights into the development of gene knockout to improving diet‐induced obesity and metabolism disorder.
LncRNA SNHG1 functions as a ceRNA to antagonize the effect of miR‐145a‐5p on the down‐regulation of NUAK1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell
Authors: Lan Xintang , Liu Xiuling 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHow lncRNA SNHG1 influences the aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells as well as the underlying mechanism was studied. The lncRNA differences were analysed by GSE12452 gene microarray. The expression of SNHG1, MiR‐145‐5p and NUAK1 was identified by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Transfection was conducted to construct nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells with different expressions of SNHG1, miR‐145‐5p and NUAK1. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the relationship between SNHG1, miR‐145‐5p and NUAK1. Wound‐healing assay and transwell invasion experiments were employed to study changes in cell migration capacity and cell invasion, respectively. Tumour xenografts were performed to observe lung metastasis of nude mice inoculated with transfected CNE cells. SNHG1 is highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and in cell lines. Down‐regulation of SNHG1 facilitated the expression of miR‐145‐5p and further suppressed the level of NAUK1 in CNE and HNE‐1 cells. Silencing of SNHG1, up‐regulation of miR‐145‐5p and inhibition of NAUK1 by relative transfection all attenuated the aggressiveness of CNE and HNE‐1 cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the impaired cell migration and invasion by SNHG1 siRNA could be rescued by cotransfection of miR‐145‐5p in CNE and HNE‐1 cells. LncRNA SNHG1 promoted the expression of NUAK1 by down‐regulating miR‐145‐5p and thus promoted the aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells through AKT signalling pathway and induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Spermidine promotes nucleus pulposus autophagy as a protective mechanism against apoptosis and ameliorates disc degeneration
Authors: Zheng Zengming , Wang Zhou‐Guang , Chen Yu , Chen Jian , Khor Sinan , Li Jiawei , He Zili , Wang Qingqing , Zhang Hongyu , Xu Ke , Fanghua Gong , Xiao Jian , Wang Xiangyang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpermidine has therapeutic effects in many diseases including as heart diastolic function, myopathic defects and neurodegenerative disorders via autophagy activation. Autophagy has been found to mitigate cell apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Accordingly, we theorize that spermidine may have beneficial effects on IDD via autophagy stimulation. In this study, spermidine's effect on IDD was evaluated in tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)‐treated nucleus pulposus cells of SD rats in vitro as well as in a puncture‐induced rat IDD model. We found that autophagy was actuated by spermidine in nucleus pulposus cells. In addition, spermidine treatment weakened the apoptotic effects of TBHP in nucleus pulposus cells. Spermidine increased the expression of anabolic proteins including Collagen‐II and aggrecan and decreased the expression of catabolic proteins including MMP13 and Adamts‐5. Additionally, autophagy blockade using 3‐MA reversed the beneficial impact of spermidine against nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis. Autophagy was thus important for spermidine's therapeutic effect on IDD. Spermidine‐treated rats had an accentuated T2‐weighted signal and a diminished histological degenerative grade than vehicle‐treated rats, showing that spermidine inhibited intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo. Thus, spermidine protects nucleus pulposus cells against apoptosis through autophagy activation and improves disc, which may be beneficial for the treatment of IDD.
Governing Labour Standards through Free Trade Agreements: Limits of the European Union's Trade and Sustainable Development Chapters
Authors: Harrison James , Barbu Mirela , Campling Liam , Richardson Ben , Smith Adrian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe EU has established a new architecture of international labour standards governance within the Trade and Sustainable Development (TSD) chapters of its Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). To examine the operationalization of this framework, we draw upon 121 interviews undertaken with key informants in three FTAs signed with the Caribbean, South Korea and Moldova. We engage with wider debates over external governance and the projection of EU power by showing how operational failings, including a lack of legal and political prioritization of TSD chapters and shortcomings in the implementation of key provisions, have hindered the impact of the FTAs upon labour standards. We also identify significant limitations to the EU's ‘common formulation’ approach when applied to different trading partner contexts, alongside ambiguities about the underlying purpose of the trade–labour linkage. Reflection about the function and purpose of labour standards provisions in EU trade policy is therefore required.