bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water availability dynamics have long‐term effects on mature stem structure inVitis vinifera
Authors: Munitz Sarel , Netzer Yishai , Shtein Ilana , Schwartz Amnon 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyThe stem ofVitis vinifera, a climbing vine of global economic importance, is characterized by both wide and narrow vessels and high specific hydraulic conductivity. While the effect of drought stress has been studied in 1‐ and 2‐yr‐old stems, there are few data documenting effects of drought stress on the anatomical structure of the mature, woody stem near the base of the vine. Here we describe mature wood anatomical responses to two irrigation regimes on wood anatomy and specific hydraulic conductivity inVitis viniferaMerlot vines.MethodsFor 4 years,irrigation was applied constantly at low, medium, or high levels, or at alternating levels at two different periods during the growing season, either early spring or late summer, resulting in late season or early spring deficits, respectively. The following variables were measured: trunk diameter, annual ring width and area, vessel diameter, specific hydraulic conductivity and stem water potential.Key ResultsHigh water availability early in the season (late deficit) resulted in vigorous vegetative growth (greater trunk diameter, ring width and area), wider vessels and increased specific hydraulic conductivity. High water availability early in the season caused a shift of the vessel population towards the wider frequency classes. These late deficit vines showed more negative water potential values late in the season than vines that received low but relatively constant irrigation.ConclusionsWe concluded that high water availability during vegetative growth period ofVitisincreases vessels diameter and hydraulic conductivity and causes the vines to be more vulnerable to drought stress late in the season.
Gram‐Scale Synthesis of a C2v‐Symmetric Hexaphenylbenzene with Three Different Types of Substituents
Authors: Liao Jingyuan , Kojima Tatsuo , Takahashi Satoshi , Hiraoka Shuichi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA large‐scale selective synthesis of a C2v‐symmetric hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) derivative with three different kinds of substituents on the periphery of HPB was realized using inexpensive reagents. All the reactions were carried out at room temperature or by heating and most materials along the synthetic route could be isolated without chromatographic purification.
Ultrafast PhotoRAFT Block Copolymerization of Isoprene and Styrene Facilitated through Continuous‐Flow Operation
Authors: Lauterbach Felix , Rubens Maarten , Abetz Volker , Junkers Tanja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPolymers made from isoprene and styrene resemble an important class of synthetic macromolecules found in a wide range of everyday commodity products. Their synthesis is usually limited to radical emulsion or anionic polymerization. Herein, we report on ultrafast photoiniferter reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of isoprene and styrene in a continuous‐flow microreactor. The cooperative action of a high photoinitiation efficiency and use of elevated temperatures considerably reduces the reaction times to less than half an hour to give high monomer conversions, allowing for the first time polyisoprene to be yielded from controlled radical polymerization in high definition and reasonable reaction times. High chain‐end fidelities are maintained and block copolymers were prepared including a polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene‐block‐polystyrene (PS‐b‐PI‐b‐PS) triblock copolymer.
Characterization of Sunflower Stearin‐Based Confectionary Fats in Bulk and in Compound Coatings
Authors: Bootello Miguel A. , Chong Peng Siong , Máñez Ángel , Garcés Rafael , Martínez‐Force Enrique , Salas Joaquín J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSunflower stearins obtained by the fractionation of high‐oleic–high‐stearic sunflower oil (HOHS) can be used for cocoa butter equivalents (CBE). The main objectives of this work were: (1) Compare the performance of two sunflower stearin‐based CBE (palm‐free and palm‐containing) with commercial CBE and cocoa butter (CB) in terms of heat stability, hardness, and microstructure and (2) Test these sunflower stearin‐based CBE in milk chocolate and compound‐coating formulations to understand the evolution of their crystalline structure and the bloom development during storage. Sunflower stearin‐based CBE exhibited different polymorphic behaviors, as well as a smaller and more compact microstructure than commercial CBE and CB. Although sunflower stearin‐based CBE contain less‐saturated fatty acids than commercial ones, they had more solids at high temperature and higher hardness and could work as a CB improver. On the other hand, the use of increasing levels of sunflower stearin‐based CBE formulated and tested in this work on chocolate and compound‐coating formulations favored a faster crystallization into a more stable polymorph, and influenced the bloom evolution of these confectionery products.
Morphological characteristics of polymeric nylon‐6 film as biological recognition interface for electrochemical immunosensor application
Authors: Shaimi R. , Low S. C. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study elucidates the morphology characteristic of nylon‐6 as protein immobilization film and their influences in biological recognition interface for a single‐use electrochemical immunosensor. A basic requirement of this polymer platform is to allow the testing analyte [conductive polyaniline‐Fe2O3‐glutaraldehyde‐conjugated‐N‐hydroxysuccinimidobiotin (PANI‐Fe2O3‐GA‐b‐NHS)] to access to the immobilized capture reagent [bovine serum albumin (BSA)] on a surface of the nylon‐6 film. As an immunoassay, the biochemical reaction between PANI‐Fe2O3‐GA‐b‐NHS and BSA takes place on a surface of the nylon‐6 support film, which then translated into measurable resistance signal through pulse‐mode measurement. The in‐house developed nylon‐6 film, N‐16B, with 16 wt % nylon polymer and methanol as nonsolvent had demonstrated the fastest lateral wicking speed (1.07 mm s−1) and excellent protein immobilization capacity (1650 ± 85.84 μg cm−3), leading to the higher electrical current signal with a minimal resistance of electrochemical responses (0.57 ± 0.04 MΩ). This work reflects the importance of the physical characteristics of the nylon‐6 film that determines the sensitivity and effectiveness of an immunosensor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46741.
Production of zwitterionic cellulose by citric acid and triethanolamine hydrochloride for various end uses
Authors: Min Ju‐Yeong , Choi Hyung‐Min 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTZwitterionic cellulose was produced by the reaction of citric acid (CA) and triethanolamine hydrochloride (HTEA) on cotton fabrics with the pad–dry–cure method. The wrinkle resistance, dye affinity to anionic dye, antimicrobial properties, and zwitterionic properties were considerably improved. The fixation of CA and HTEA in cotton was confirmed by the wrinkle recovery angle, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Elemental analysis and anionic dye sorption testing also substantiated the HTEA fixation. The X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results suggest that CA and HTEA were fixed in the amorphous region of cotton with little surface deposition. The zwitterionic properties of the treated cotton was studied with a cationic dye at various pHs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46840.
Synthesis and antimicrobial applications of the inclusion complexes of β‐cyclodextrin copolymers with potassium sorbate
Authors: Cao Yu , Li Jiayu , Liu Jun , Tang Yuying , Liu Huan , Jiang Yan , Zhang Hongwen 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTFour inclusion complexes were synthesized from β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) copolymers and potassium sorbate (PSA) using the self‐assembly principle. Reactive β‐CD monomers carrying unsaturated ester functional groups [β‐CD‐acryloyl chloride (AC)] were synthesized from β‐CD and AC and copolymerized with styrene to obtain β‐CD copolymers of the general formula poly(β‐CD‐AC‐co‐St). These β‐CD copolymers having cavity structures were complexed with PSA to obtain the corresponding inclusion complexes of the general formula poly(β‐CD‐AC‐co‐St)/PSA. These complexes were added to the polystyrene (PS) sheets, as an antibacterial additive, to inhibit the adhesion and growth of bacteria on its surface. The chemical and physical structures of copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and the slow release performance was investigated using ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results showed that the composition of the copolymers and their molecular weight could be controlled by changing the rate of charge while the rate and the amount of slow release could be controlled by altering the content of β‐CD in the copolymer. The PS sheets containing the inclusion complexes exhibited excellent antibacterial activity that significantly reduced the adhesion of yeast and Staphylococcus aureus to its surface. With the increase of the β‐CD content in the copolymers, they contained more of PSA and their bacteriostatic property became more pronounced. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46885.
Synthesis and characterization of aniline‐containing anion‐conducting polymer electrolyte membranes by radiation‐induced graft polymerization
Authors: Hamada Takashi , Yoshimura Kimio , Hiroki Akihiro , Maekawa Yasunari 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(trimethylaminostyrene hydroxide)‐grafted poly(ethylene‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) membranes (An‐AEM/OH) were prepared by the radiation‐induced graft polymerization of N,N‐dimethylaminostyrene and successive quaternization and anion‐exchange reactions. An‐AEM/OH with an ion‐exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.59 mmol/g exhibited a conductivity of 74 mS/cm (60°C) and a water uptake of 66%. These values were lower than those of poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide)‐grafted ETFE (BA‐AEM/OH) with a similar IEC. The conductivities of An‐AEM/OH with IECs = 0.67 mmol/g and 1.59 mmol/g decreased to 40% and 46% of the initial values after a week, while the membranes maintained their shape even after immersion in 1 M KOH at 80°C for 3 weeks. An‐AEM/OH exhibited higher chemical stability than BA‐AEM/OH. The main degradation route is confirmed to be the nucleophilic attack of hydroxide ions on the methyl groups of the aniline nitrogen from the results of thermal and chemical stability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46886.
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: environmental evaluation using life cycle assessment
Authors: Liard Gladys , Lesage Pascal , Samson Réjean , Stuart Paul R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTriticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) is a non‐food energy crop with potential as a biorefinery feedstock. In addition to technical, economical, and commercial risks, it is of critical importance that environmental issues be considered in the decision‐making process regarding the development of the triticale‐based biorefinery. In this study, life cycle assessment (LCA) has been used for this purpose. To facilitate overall decision‐making including economic and other metrics, the number of environmental indicators should be minimized, and yet at the same time, these indicators should be representative, comprehensive, and easy to interpret. To identify such a set of environmental indicators from LCA results, a multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) panel study was carried out and an external set of normalization factors used to assist in this decision‐making context. The influence of eight technology choices on the environmental impacts resulting from the production of ethanol, polylactic acid (PLA), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend was assessed. Moreover, the environmental benefits of improved triticale yield and its ability to grow on marginal land were assessed. Although the complete spectrum of environmental impact categories was evaluated, the MCDM panel selected four criteria to be brought forward to an overall decision‐making panel. The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions metric was judged as the most important, followed by non‐renewable resource depletion, cropland occupation, and human health. Moreover, it was shown that certain technology choices such as ultra‐filtration and cogeneration significantly influence the environmental impacts of the triticale biorefinery. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Systematic assessment of triticale‐based biorefinery strategies: investment decisions for sustainable biorefinery business models
Authors: Chambost Virginie , Janssen Matty , Stuart Paul R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStrategic investments in biorefinery projects are increasingly being made, and involve non‐traditional decision making, especially considering the technology and market risks involved. From the investor's perspective, the decision‐making process leading to product/process combinations for implementation as a biorefinery to achieve a sustainable business model and good economic returns is not obvious. Typical metrics used for investment decision making have some limitations regarding the recognition of acceptable technology risks relative to economic returns. They often do not appropriately consider factors and analyses related to, for example, environmental impact and the longer term competitive position of new product portfolios. The methodology presented in this article is an approach to identifying a ‘practical’ set of multi‐disciplinary decision‐making criteria to enable the selection of the preferred product/process biorefinery implementation strategy. The case of investment options in the triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) biorefinery is used as an example. Through this risk‐based methodology, technology risks as well as economic, environmental, and competitive benefits associated with different business model options are identified. This methodology leads to the development of a series of multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) panels to define a set of practical criteria suitable for a final MCDM for the identification of triticale‐based biorefinery alternatives leading to long‐term and sustainable business models. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
2′‐O,4′‐C‐Methylene‐Bridged Nucleic Acids Stabilize Metal‐Mediated Base Pairing in a DNA Duplex
Authors: Nakagawa Osamu , Fujii Akane , Kishimoto Yuki , Nakatsuji Yusuke , Nozaki Natsumi , Obika Satoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe 2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐bridged or locked nucleic acid (2′,4′‐BNA/LNA), with an N‐type sugar conformation, effectively improves duplex‐forming ability. 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA is widely used to improve gene knockdown in nucleic acid based therapies and is used in gene diagnosis. Metal‐mediated base pairs (MMBPs), such as thymine (T)‐HgII‐T and cytosine (C)‐AgI‐C have been developed and used as attractive tools in DNA nanotechnology studies. This study aimed to investigate the application of 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA in the field of MMBPs. 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA with 5‐methylcytosine stabilized the MMBP of C with AgI ions. Moreover, the 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA sugar significantly improved the duplex‐forming ability of the DNA/DNA complex, relative to that by the unmodified sugar. These results suggest that the sugar conformation is important for improving the stability of duplex‐containing MMBPs. The results indicate that 2′,4′‐BNA/LNA can be applied not only to nucleic acid based therapies, but also to MMBP technologies.
Past and future of Hebel Haus in Japan
Authors: Kuroki Kouji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is 50 years since the AAC (Hebel) technology has been introduced in Japan. During this half century Hebel Haus™ have sold homes using the Hebel AAC in floors, walls, and ceilings. The total number of unit homes sold has now exceeded 250 000, and Hebel Haus homes are constructed in Japan at a rate of about 8 000 units every year. Japan is a country that frequently suffers from natural disasters. To protect customerś lives and properties Hebel Haus has developed a construction method that combines steel‐framed structure with AAC (Hebel) materials. With an integrated system from construction to sales and after‐sale services, renovation, and the second‐hand housing distribution, Hebel Haus has achieved the status of the top urban housing brand in Japan. Here we are going to present an outline of Hebel Haus history, marketing strategy, technologies, designs, and lifestyle proposals in Japan.
Autoclaved aerated concrete: Influence of heat storage capacity on thermal performance and thermal comfort
Authors: Schöndube Tim , Rashid Saif , Carrigan Svenja , Schoch Torsten , Kornadt Oliver 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe heat storage capacity of building materials can have a significant influence on energy consumption and thermal comfort of buildings. This paper investigates the correlations between heat storage capacity and thermal performance. A test building made of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) bricks was constructed in Kloster Lehnin/Emstal (Germany) with the same heat transition coefficient U for the walls, floor, and roof. The heating and ventilation of the building is controlled automatically. Xella and the Department of Building Physics/Low Energy Buildings of Technische Universität Kaiserslautern have been monitoring the test building since April 2017. The thermal performance and comfort of the AAC test building were investigated by measurements and simulations. The results were compared to simulations of a light weight building with the same geometry and heat transition coefficients U. The examinations showed that the heat storage capacity of the AAC has a positive influence on summer heat protection and thermal comfort of buildings in comparison to light weight constructions (LWC). In summer, the increased heat storage capacity of AAC compared to LWC improves thermal comfort. During the heating period, AAC buildings with a higher heat storage capacity in comparison to LWC offer the advantage of a slower cooling down of the indoor air temperature.
Selective fragmentation and the management of fish movement across anthropogenic barriers
Authors: Rahel Frank J. , McLaughlin Robert L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDisruption of movement patterns due to alterations in habitat connectivity is a pervasive effect of humans on animal populations. In many terrestrial and aquatic systems, there is increasing tension between the need to simultaneously allow passage of some species while blocking the passage of other species. We explore the ecological basis for selective fragmentation of riverine systems where the need to restrict movements of invasive species conflicts with the need to allow passage of species of commercial, recreational, or conservation concern. We develop a trait‐based framework for selective fish passage based on understanding the types of movements displayed by fishes and the role of ecological filters in determining the spatial distributions of fishes. We then synthesize information on trait‐based mechanisms involved with these filters to create a multidimensional niche space based on attributes such as physical capabilities, body morphology, sensory capabilities, behavior, and movement phenology. Following this, we review how these mechanisms have been applied to achieve selective fish passage across anthropogenic barriers. To date, trap‐and‐sort or capture‐translocation efforts provide the best options for movement filters that are completely species selective, but these methods are hampered by the continual, high cost of manual sorting. Other less effective methods of selective passage risk collateral damage in the form of lower or higher than desired levels of passage. Fruitful areas for future work include using combinations of ecological and behavioral traits to passively segregate species; using taxon‐specific chemical or auditory cues to direct unwanted species away from passageways and into physical or ecological traps while attracting desirable species to passageways; and developing automated sorting mechanisms based on fish recognition systems. The trait‐based approach proposed for fish could serve as a template for selective fragmentation in other ecological systems.
Myocardial expression of the anaphylatoxin receptor C3aR is associated with cardiac inflammation and prognosis in patients with non‐ischaemic heart failure
Authors: Mueller Karin A.L. , Patzelt Johannes , Sauter Manuela , Maier Philipp , Gekeler Sarah , Klingel Karin , Kandolf Reinhard , Seizer Peter , Gawaz Meinrad , Geisler Tobias , Langer Harald F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to analyse the prognostic value of complement anaphylatoxin receptors in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing endomyocardial biopsy.Methods and resultsIn 102 patients (72.5% male patients, median age 54 years) with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy, myocardial expression of C3aR was assessed among other parameters. The primary study endpoint was a composite of death, heart transplantation, heart failure‐related re‐hospitalization, and deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction within a mean follow‐up of 11.9 months. The number of cells, which stained positive for C3aR, was significantly increased in patients with inflammatory compared with non‐inflammatory cardiomyopathy (1.75 ± 0.31 cells in inflammatory cardiomyopathy vs. 0.94 ± 0.26 in non‐inflammatory cardiomyopathy, P = 0.049). Subsequently, positive expression for C3aR was judged based on a semi‐quantitative scoring system. Significantly, more patients with positive MHCII and CD68 expression showed an increased number of C3aR‐positive cells. C3aR expression based on this score was more pronounced in patients with human herpesvirus 6 viral genome detection. Kaplan–Meier curves illustrate that the C3aR‐negative group reached the primary endpoint significantly more often (mean follow‐up 11.9 months, log rank 5.963, P = 0.015). Lack of C3aR expression was a strong independent predictor for the primary endpoint in Cox regression analysis [hazard ratio 0.46 (0.26–0.82, P = 0.009)].ConclusionsC3aR‐positive cells are found more often in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. The relevance of C3aR‐positive cells in patients with non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy should be further evaluated as potential predictors or modulators of adverse cardiac remodelling, the substrate of progressive heart failure.