bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Gene Circuit Parts Based on Multiobjective Optimization by Using Standard Calibrated Measurements
Authors: Boada Yadira , Vignoni Alejandro , Alarcon‐Ruiz Iván , Andreu‐Vilarroig Carlos , Monfort‐Llorens Roger , Requena Adrián , Picó Jesús 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStandardization and characterization of biological parts is necessary for the further development of bottom‐up synthetic biology. Herein, an easy‐to‐use methodology that embodies both a calibration procedure and a multiobjective optimization approach is proposed to characterize biological parts. The calibration procedure generates values for specific fluorescence per cell expressed as standard units of molecules of equivalent fluorescein per particle. The use of absolute standard units enhances the characterization of model parameters for biological parts by bringing measurements and estimations results from different sources into a common domain, so they can be integrated and compared faithfully. The multiobjective optimization procedure exploits these concepts by estimating the values of the model parameters, which represent biological parts of interest, while considering a varied range of experimental and circuit contexts. Thus, multiobjective optimization provides a robust characterization of them. The proposed calibration and characterization methodology can be used as a guide for good practices in dry and wet laboratories; thus allowing not only portability between models, but is also useful for generating libraries of tested and well‐characterized biological parts.
Biosynthetic Short Neuropeptides: A Rational Theory Based on Experimental Results for the Missing Pain‐Relief Opioid Endomorphin Precursor Gene
Authors: Matsushima Ayami , Sese Jun , Koyanagi Kanako O. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEndomorphins are neuropeptides that bind strongly to μ‐opioid receptors and are considered to play important roles in pain modulation and other biological functions. Two endomorphins have been identified, to date, endomorphine‐1 and ‐2; both are tetrapeptides and differ by only a single amino acid in the third position. Both peptides were isolated from bovine brains; however, their precursor genes have not been identified. In this study, a nucleotide sequence corresponding to the endomorphin‐1 peptide in an expressed sequence tag database has been found and a preproendomorphin‐like precursor peptide from human brain complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned. The cDNA consists of nucleotide sequences of two already annotated predicted genes, and the putative peptide differs by one amino acid from the isolated endomorphin peptides. It is proposed herein that there is the possibility of unknown short proteins or peptide precursors being missed by automated gene prediction programs based on similarities of known protein sequences. A novel concept of how to produce endomorphins from a similar peptide is described. The oxidatively modified base might provide a clue for understanding discrepancies between nucleotide sequences on the genome and those on cDNAs.
False positive bladder scan in ascites with anuria
Authors: Janardanan Sarosh , Moussa Ahmed E. M. , James Philip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUrinary retention is commonly diagnosed based on history and examination along with bedside bladder scan. However, in patients where clinical examination is unreliable (patients with obesity, anasarca, and ascites) and diagnosis is uncertain, the bladder scan findings should be interpreted with caution and definitive imaging is mandatory before further intervention is instituted.
Harnessing Native Iron Ore as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Abu Sayeed Md , Millar Graeme J. , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is a widely accepted approach to generate hydrogen at a scale that is suitable for storing renewable energy. Therefore, the choice of catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are critical in terms of cost when scaling up this technology. Thus, earth abundant transition metals oxides and sulfides have received significant attention as catalysts for the OER and HER, respectively. However, very few examples of actual Earth abundant materials mined from the Earth's crust have been used as electrocatalysts for these reactions. Here, we demonstrate that a raw iron ore is active for both the HER and OER under alkaline conditions, which is due to the natural abundance of the key elements of iron, nickel, and sulfur. The catalyst is stable for both reactions and can operate at 100 mA cm−2, which is comparable to many chemically synthesised nanomaterials based on these elements. This approach may be attractive for adding value to iron ore while minimising the cost of catalyst production.
Fabrication of Mo/Co‐alumina‐coated kaolin‐based catalytic membrane for use in a catalytic membrane reactor
Authors: Bose Sujoy , Hazarika Shyamoli , Das Chandan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this research work, for the first time, the coating of Mo/Co‐alumina catalytic layer on kaolin‐based low‐cost tubular support was investigated. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanopowder (solid lubricant), silica gel (additive), and sodium metasilicate (binder) powder were used to synthesize appropriate lubricant solution for coating of the catalyst over the exterior surface of the ceramic support. Paint coating technique was adopted for simplicity, ease of methodology, and minimization of cost. The result showed that the lubricant solution containing silica gel and sodium metasilicate could not be used for the preparation of layers. However, the coating solution without silica gel and sodium metasilicate were completely stable, dispersible, and the fabricated layer distributed finely over the ceramic support. The prepared catalytic membrane had suitable porous and crack‐free microstructure with a desirable crystalline phase, indicating proper distribution and dispersion of catalyst over the support membrane surface. The removal or recovery of elemental sulfur using the fabricated catalytic membrane and membrane reactor (CMR) as a function of catalytic activity is also reported.
Intramolecular van der Waals Interactions Challenge Anion Binding in perthio‐Bambusurils
Authors: Mondal Pravat , Solel Ephrath , Fridman Natalia , Keinan Ehud , Reany Ofer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBambusurils (BUs) are known to be rigid cavitands that feature an extended, jigger‐like conformation, and the BU[6]s strongly bind anions within their hydrophobic cavity. These features are not necessarily shared by the family of perthio‐BUs. This study reveals that perthio‐BUs assume a compact conformation and perthio‐BU[6]s are poor anion binders, crystallizing as anion‐free species from solutions containing halide salts. Computational studies show that the equatorial sulfur atoms compete against guest anions for binding with the glycoluril methine groups via strong van der Waals (vdW) attractive interactions. These competitive contacts not only account for the diminished anion‐binding of perthio‐BUs, but also explain their compact conformation. The semithio‐ and perthio‐BU[4]s form linear coordination polymers with HgII in the solid‐state regardless of their intrinsic molecular conformation. The strong involvement of sulfur atoms in intramolecular interactions differentiates the equatorial from the axial (peripheral) heteroatoms, thus offering chemoselective and regioselective transformations.
Inhibitors of Bacterial Swarming Behavior
Authors: Rütschlin Sina , Böttcher Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBacteria can migrate in groups of flagella‐driven cells over semisolid surfaces. This coordinated form of motility is called swarming behavior. Swarming is associated with enhanced virulence and antibiotic resistance of various human pathogens and may be considered as favorable adaptation to the diverse challenges that microbes face in rapidly changing environments. Consequently, the differentiation of motile swarmer cells is tightly regulated and involves multi‐layered signaling networks. Controlling swarming behavior is of major interest for the development of novel anti‐infective strategies. In addition, compounds that block swarming represent important tools for more detailed insights into the molecular mechanisms of the coordination of bacterial population behavior. Over the past decades, there has been major progress in the discovery of small‐molecule modulators and mechanisms that allow selective inhibition of swarming behavior. Herein, an overview of the achievements in the field and future directions and challenges will be presented.
Mechanochemical Pretreatment for Efficient Solvent‐Free Synthesis of SSZ‐13 Zeolite
Authors: Pashkova Veronika , Mlekodaj Kinga , Klein Petr , Brabec Libor , Zouzelka Radek , Rathousky Jiri , Tokarova Venceslava , Dedecek Jiri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe economical and environmentally benign synthesis of SSZ‐13 zeolite was possible due to the mechanochemical activation of dry reagents by planetary mill. Contrary to manual grinding in a mortar, the proposed automatized approach is scalable and reproducible. This solvent‐free process provided a huge gain in product/gel ratios, significantly minimized reaction space and organic structure‐directing agent use, and allowed for the elimination of agitation. Obtained materials were comparable to the product of “classical” syntheses. The use of different silica sources resulted in SSZ‐13 zeolites with various characteristics: different Si/Al ratio and crystal size.
An Interfacial Layer Based on Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity to Suppress Dendrite Growth on Li Metal Anodes
Authors: Qi Liya , Shang Luoran , Wu Kai , Qu Liangliang , Pei Hao , Li Wen , Zhang Lexiang , Wu Zhengwei , Zhou Henghui , McKeown Neil B. , Zhang Weixia , Yang Zhengjin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe performance and safety of lithium (Li) metal batteries can be compromised owing to the formation of Li dendrites. Here, the use of a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) is reported as a feasible and robust interfacial layer that inhibits dendrite growth. The PIM demonstrates excellent film‐forming ability, electrochemical stability, strong adhesion to a copper metal electrode, and outstanding mechanical flexibility so that it relieves the stress of structural changes produced by reversible lithiation. Importantly, the porous structure of the PIM, which guides Li flux to obtain uniform deposition, and its strong mechanical strength combine to suppress dendrite growth. Hence, the electrochemical performance of the anode is significantly enhanced, promising excellent performance and extended cycle lifetime for Li metal batteries.
Synthetic Diversity from a Versatile and Radical Nitrating Reagent
Authors: Zhang Kun , Jelier Benson , Passera Alessandro , Jeschke Gunnar , Katayev Dmitry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe leverage the slow liberation of nitrogen dioxide from a newly discovered, inexpensive succinimide‐derived reagent to allow for the C−H diversification of alkenes and alkynes. Beyond furnishing a library of aryl β‐nitroalkenes, this reagent provides unparalleled access to β‐nitrohydrins and β‐nitroethers. Detailed mechanistic studies strongly suggest that a mesolytic N−N bond fragmentation liberates a nitryl radical. Using in situ photo‐sensitized, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we observed direct evidence of a nitryl radical in solution by nitrone spin‐trapping. To further exhibit versatility ofN‐nitrosuccinimide under photoredox conditions, the late‐stage diversification of an extensive number of C−H partners to prepare isoxazolines and isoxazoles is presented. This approach allows for the formation of an in situ nitrile oxide from a ketone partner, the presence of which is detected by the formation of the corresponding furoxan when conducted in the absence of a dipolarophile. This 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with nitrile oxides and alkenes or alkynes proceeds in a single‐operational step using a mild, regioselective, and general protocol with broad chemoselectivity.
Optical Measurement Method of Particle Suspension in Stirred Vessels
Authors: Wolinski Sven , Ulbricht Mathias , Schultz Heyko Juergen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuspending particles in liquids is an important and versatile case for industrial stirring processes. By using advanced optical, non‐invasive measurement techniques like particle image velocimetry (PIV), it is possible to gain deep insights into the involved fluid dynamics without affecting the flow. However, for suspensions, the application of PIV is not trivial since both, suspended and tracer particles are present and need to be discerned during experiments. The here presented method development solves this problem and thus leads to a better insight into turbulent kinetic energy distribution, which can be utilized for process optimization through improved stirred vessel design.
Strömungen durch monodisperse Kugelschüttungen bei Berücksichtigung des Wandeffekts
Authors: Neumann Tim , Boettcher Konrad , Ehrhard Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDer Einfluss des Wandeffekts auf die Durchströmung poröser Kugelschüttungen in ebenen Begrenzungen wird untersucht. Dazu werden Versuche zur Porositätsverteilung und zur geeigneten Modellierung der Permeabilität im Wandbereich durchgeführt. Damit werden für sich überlagernde Wandeffekte Korrekturfaktoren für die übliche eindimensionale Berechnung des Volumenstroms und die Permeabilität abgeleitet.
Numerical Analysis of the Impact of Particle Friction on Bed Voidage in Fixed‐Beds
Authors: Jurtz Nico , Waldherr Philipp , Kraume Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe impact of the static friction coefficient, the initial particle orientation, and the particle height‐to‐diameter ratio on the bed voidage of random packings with a low tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio is investigated for spherical and cylindrical particles using the discrete element method. Based on the numerical results a correlation is proposed to predict the bed voidage as a function of the static friction coefficient and the tube‐to‐particle diameter ratio for spheres, equilateral and non‐equilateral cylinders. This correlation is extended for the use of hollow cylinders.
Zero Liquid Discharge für eine abwasserfreie Industrieproduktion
Authors: Götz Gesine , Teschke Patrick , Netzel Louis , Geißen Sven‐Uwe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDie Diskussion um Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) hat weltweit eine sehr große Dynamik erreicht. Die Kenntnis existierender und geplanter Projekte ermöglichte es den Branchen Motivationen, Technologien und geographische Schwerpunkte zu identifizieren und daraus das Marktpotenzial und innovative Entwicklungsansätze abzuleiten. Weltweit sind mehr als 295 Anlagen in Betrieb, wobei die Anzahl seit 2007 stark zugenommen hat und weiteres Wachstum zu erwarten ist. Gründe für die Installation einer ZLD‐Anlage sind Wassermangel, gesetzliche Vorgaben, Firmenphilosophie und Kosteneinsparungen.
Decoration of Terpyridine with Electron‐Rich Unit THDTAP: an Efficient Way to Explore Fluorescence Sensors for Recognizing Metal Ions
Authors: Xu Taoshan , Li Dongxu , Yan Chaoxian , Wu Yuewei , Yuan Cheng‐Shan , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: July 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe electron‐donating unit 2,3,4,6‐tetrahydro‐1,6‐dithia‐3a‐azaphenalene (THDTAP) was introduced onto terpyridine (TPy) to give a donor‐acceptor (D‐A) type TPy‐ligand (compound 2). Upon selective oxidation of two sulfur atoms on the THDTAP moiety of 2, the ligands 3—6 were created. The electronic structures of 2—6 were evaluated by theoretical, electrochemical, and spectroscopic investigations. The oxidation on the sulfur atoms brings significant influence on the electron‐donating ability of THDTAP moiety, subsequently, leads to fine modulations on intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) of 2—6 and the electronically excited states of the complexes of 2—6 with metal ions. Based on the optical response of 2—6 toward metal ions, the step‐by‐step recognition of Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ag+ ions is set up by employing 2 and 3 as combined fluorescence sensors.
Crystalline Clear or Not: Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Water in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Aranda Clara , Guerrero Antonio , Bisquert Juan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClarification of how water affects the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells is one of the major challenges to successfully develop a large‐scale low‐cost fabrication process. Many authors have reported beneficial effects of moisture during the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), such as enhanced crystallinity, photoluminescence and photovoltage. However, the highest power conversion efficiency reported until this date was obtained under completely dry atmosphere conditions, avoiding the presence of water during perovskite formulation and preserving the damage caused by moisture exposure with encapsulation techniques. This apparent contradiction makes patent the necessity of an extensive clarification to establish the conditions in which water represents a beneficial or harmful factor in the development of high efficiency and stable perovskite devices. In this review, we summarized the effects of water, both as an additive into the perovskite formulation as an additive and as moisture exposure during fabrication. We discuss in depth the structural and chemical effects, analysing also the photovoltaic consequences during operation conditions. As a final input, we remark a useful method to perform high efficiency PSCs under different lab ambient conditions and highlight the latest advances in hydrophobic devices and encapsulation techniques.
Construction of Pyrimidine Bases Bearing Carboxylic Acid Equivalents at the C5 Position by Postsynthetic Modification of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Ito Yuta , Yamamoto Kazuki , Hari Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis unit describes postsynthetic modification of oligonucleotides (ONs) containing 2′‐deoxy‐5‐trifluoromethyluridine and 2′‐deoxy‐5‐trifluoromethylcytidine. In ONs, the trifluoromethyl group at the C5 position of pyrimidine bases is converted into a variety of carboxylic acid equivalents using alkaline and amine solutions. In addition, treating fully protected and controlled pore glass (CPG)‐attached ONs with methylamine and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution results in deprotection of all protecting groups (except the 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl group), cleavage from CPG, and simultaneous conversion of the trifluoromethyl group to afford the corresponding ONs containing 5‐substituted pyrimidine bases. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nonfinancial risk disclosure: The “state of the art” of Italian companies
Authors: Leopizzi Rossella , Iazzi Antonio , Venturelli Andrea , Principale Salvatore 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis research represents a preliminary analysis of the nonfinancial risk disclosure and the first after the introduction of the European directive. Using a content analysis, the level of nonfinancial risk disclosure after the introduction of the Directive 2014/95/EU on nonfinancial information has been investigated. Moreover, in order to understand the effectiveness of nonfinancial risk management, the outlook orientation (past, present, and future) and the approach to risk (positive, negative, and neutral) have been examined. The results show how the level of nonfinancial risk disclosure in Italian companies is better than before the introduction of the directive and also still based on the past and present perspective, rather than the future one.
Ti‐rich TiO2 Tubular Nanolettuces by Electrochemical Anodization for All‐Solid‐State High‐Rate Supercapacitor Devices
Authors: Qorbani Mohammad , Khajehdehi Omid , Sabbah Amr , Naseri Naimeh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSupercapacitors store charge by ion adsorption or fast redox reactions on the surface of porous materials. One of the bottlenecks in this field is the development of biocompatible and high‐rate supercapacitor devices by scalable fabrication processes. Herein, a Ti‐rich anatase TiO2 material that addresses the above‐mentioned challenges is reported. Tubular nanolettuces were fabricated by a cost‐effective and fast anodization process of Ti foil. They attained a large potential window of 2.5 V in a neutral electrolyte owing to the high activation energy for water splitting of the (1 0 1) facet. Aqueous and all‐solid‐state devices showed diffusion time constants of 46 and 1700 ms, as well as high maximum energy (power) densities of 0.844 (0.858) and 0.338 μWh cm−2 (0.925 mW cm−2), respectively. The all‐solid‐state device showed ultrahigh stability of 96 % in capacitance retention after 20 000 galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. These results open an avenue to fabricate biochemically inert supercapacitor devices.
Comparative analysis and application of LBP face image recognition algorithms
Authors: Wu Ling , Liu Sheng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAs a branch of biometrics, face recognition focuses on face features and approaches to distinguishing different individuals through recognizing their faces by virtue of the uniqueness of each face. Face recognition technology using image set, and single image is the main application technology at present. Although the face recognition technology using a single image is relatively mature, it also has some shortcomings. In this paper, Honda/USCD video database is used to compare and analyze the two technologies, and the recognition accuracy of face recognition method based on local binary pattern (LBP) is tested. The results show that the face recognition technology using image sets has better recognition accuracy and can be better applied intelligent shopping, access control system, vehicle access system, intelligent security, identity recognition.
Developmental control of convergent floral pigmentation across evolutionary timescales
Authors: Larter Maximilian , Dunbar‐Wallis Amy , Berardi Andrea E. , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundConvergent phenotypic evolution has been widely documented across timescales, from populations, to species, to major lineages. The extent to which convergent phenotypes arise from convergent genetic and developmental mechanisms remains an open question, although studies to‐date reveal examples of both similar and different underlying mechanisms. This variation likely relates to a range of factors, including the genetic architecture of the trait and selective filtering of mutations over time. Here we focus on floral pigmentation, and examine the degree of developmental convergence between white‐flowered lineages and white morphs within pigmented species.ResultsUsing the model clade Iochrominae, we find that white morphs and white‐flowered species are biochemically convergent, sharing an absence of colorful anthocyanin pigments. Regression analyses suggest that the expression levels of upstream genes are the strongest drivers of total pigmentation across species, although white species also show sharp down‐regulation of the downstream genes. The white morphs do not share this pattern and present overall expression profiles more similar to the pigmented species.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the mechanisms underlying variation within populations differ from those which give rise to fixed differences between species. Future work will aim to uncover the genetic changes responsible for this developmental non‐convergence.