bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of lung cancer prediction from low-dose CT scan and smoking factors using causal models
Authors: Raghu Vineet K , Zhao Wei , Pu Jiantao , Leader Joseph K , Wang Renwei , Herman James , Yuan Jian-Min , Benos Panayiotis V , Wilson David O 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionLow-dose CT (LDCT) is currently used in lung cancer screening of high-risk populations for early lung cancer diagnosis. However, 96% of individuals with detected nodules are false positives.MethodsIn order to develop an efficient early lung cancer predictor from clinical, demographic and LDCT features, we studied a total of 218 subjects with lung cancer or benign nodules. Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) were used to integrate demographics, clinical data and LDCT features from 92 subjects (training cohort) from the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study cohort.ResultsLearnt PGMs identified three variables directly (causally) linked to malignant nodules and the largest benign nodule and used them to build the Lung Cancer Causal Model (LCCM), which was validated in a separate cohort of 126 subjects. Nodule and vessel numbers and years since the subject quit smoking were sufficient to discriminate malignant from benign nodules. Comparison with existing predictors in the training and validation cohorts showed that (1) incorporating LDCT scan features greatly enhances predictive accuracy; and (2) LCCM improves cancer detection over existing methods, including the Brock parsimonious model (p<0.001). Notably, the number of surrounding vessels, a feature not previously used in predictive models, significantly improves predictive efficiency. Based on the validation cohort results, LCCM is able to identify 30% of the benign nodules without risk of misclassifying cancer nodules.DiscussionLCCM shows promise as a lung cancer predictor as it is significantly improved over existing models. Validated in a larger, prospective study, it may help reduce unnecessary follow-up visits and procedures.
Challenges for the Clinical Development of PI3K Inhibitors: Strategies to Improve Their Impact in Solid Tumors
Authors: Hanker Ariella B. , Kaklamani Virginia , Arteaga Carlos L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe PI3K pathway is mutated and aberrantly activated in many cancers and plays a central role in tumor cell proliferation and survival, making it a rational therapeutic target. Until recently, however, results from clinical trials with PI3K inhibitors in solid tumors have been largely disappointing. Here, we describe several factors that have limited the success of these agents, including the weak driver oncogenic activity of mutant PI3K, suboptimal patient selection in trials, drug-related toxicities, feedback upregulation of compensatory mechanisms when PI3K is blocked, increased insulin production upon PI3Kα inhibition, lack of mutant-specific inhibitors, and a relative scarcity of studies using combinations with PI3K antagonists. We also suggest strategies to improve the impact of these agents in solid tumors. Despite these challenges, we are optimistic that isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors, particularly in combination with other agents, may be valuable in treating appropriately selected patients with PI3K-dependent tumors.Significance:Despite the modest clinical activity of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumors, there is an increasing understanding of the factors that may have limited their success. Strategies to ameliorate drug-related toxicities, use of rational combinations with PI3K antagonists, development of mutant-selective PI3K inhibitors, and better patient selection should improve the success of these targeted agents against solid tumors.
Effect of Interhospital Transfer on Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Venema Esmee , Groot Adrien E. , Lingsma Hester F. , Hinsenveld Wouter , Treurniet Kilian M. , Chalos Vicky , Zinkstok Sanne M. , Mulder Maxim J.H.L. , de Ridder Inger R. , Marquering Henk A. , Schonewille Wouter J. , Wermer Marieke J.H. , Majoie Charles B.L.M. , Roos Yvo B.W.E.M. , Dippel Diederik W.J. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Roozenbeek Bob ,   for the MR CLEAN Registry Investigators
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose—
To assess the effect of inter-hospital transfer on time to treatment and functional outcome after endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke, we compared patients transferred from a primary stroke center to patients directly admitted to an intervention center in a large nationwide registry.

Methods—
MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) Registry is an ongoing, prospective, observational study in all centers that perform EVT in the Netherlands. We included adult patients with an acute anterior circulation stroke who received EVT between March 2014 to June 2016. Primary outcome was time from arrival at the first hospital to arterial groin puncture. Secondary outcomes included the 90-day modified Rankin Scale score and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of 0–2).

Results—

In total 821/1526 patients, (54%) were transferred from a primary stroke center. Transferred patients less often had prestroke disability (227/800 [28%] versus 255/699 [36%];
P
=0.02) and more often received intravenous thrombolytics (659/819 [81%] versus 511/704 [73%];
P
<0.01). Time from first presentation to groin puncture was longer for transferred patients (164 versus 104 minutes;
P
<0.01, adjusted delay 57 minutes [95% CI, 51–62]). Transferred patients had worse functional outcome (adjusted common OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.90]) and less often achieved functional independence (244/720 [34%] versus 289/681 [42%], absolute risk difference −8.5% [95% CI, −8.7 to −8.3]).

Conclusions—
Interhospital transfer of patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with delay of EVT and worse outcomes in routine clinical practice, even in a country where between-center distances are short. Direct transportation of patients potentially eligible for EVT to an intervention center may improve functional outcome.
A New End-title in the Herculaneum Papyri and the First Case of a Preserved subscriptio in One of the Books Assigned to Philodemus’ Systematic Arrangement of the Philosophers (PHerc. 327)
Authors: Ranocchia Graziano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhilodemus’ Systematic Arrangement of the Philosophers is witnessed only once in Greek literature (D.L. 10.3). This notwithstanding, several Herculaneum papyri have been assigned to it on various grounds. However, these assignments rest on varying degrees of probability, not least because the name of the author and the title of the work do not survive in any of these books. PHerc. 327, which hands down the so-called [History of the Eleatic and the Atomistic Schools], represents the first such case. I was able to detect its end-title for the first time and to read the name of its author, who is confirmed to be Philodemus. This increases the probability that also other three books which have historically been assigned to this treatise, and whose hands show a close likeness to each other and to PHerc. 327, effectively belong to it, thereby reinforcing the current communis opinio about its internal arrangement.
Dog Parks as an Institutional Resource for Social Capital in the Urban Neighborhood
Authors: Vincent Aviva 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This literature review seeks to advance the interdisciplinary conversation that dog parks are a resource for building social capital through interpersonal exchange, which is beneficial for both individuals’ health across the life span and for the communities. Dog parks have been linked to health promotion behaviors and improved long-term health of the companion animals and their guardians. Similarly, social capital and dog guardianship have been independently linked to positive health outcomes through a limited amount of literature. By analyzing the relevant literature on the triangulation of social capital, dog-human relationship, and dog parks within the United States through a robust literature review, the author seeks to advance the call for empirical research towards understanding dog parks as a mechanism to create and sustain social capital within urban neighborhoods.
Vulnerable Becomings: Reimagining Human Relationships with Horses and Other Beings
Authors: Pfoutz Emily Blair 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis piece is part of a larger ethnographic and auto-ethnographic project exploring the intersubjective nature of human-horse entanglements. After elucidating how relationships between horses and humans are often reflective of broader oppressive power structures in human societies, I explore alternative ways of being with horses that create space for reciprocity and have the potential to upend hierarchical logics of domination. I focus on rhythmic attunement and co-created “movement languages,” emphasizing the importance of shared vulnerability, a recognition of individuality, and an attitude of openness rather than control. Ultimately, my experiences with horses function as a starting point for reconceiving our relationships with our other human and nonhuman earthly cohabitants.
Genetically Engineered Nonhuman Animals: A Global Overview and Research Agenda
Authors: Keane Oliver 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper suggests studies on genetically engineering nonhuman animal genes have globalized over the last 30 years. The results unveil maps that give a global overview of universities’ studies into engineering animal genes, by purpose and by species, at a state scale. A network map also shows how studies on engineering animal genes are co-constituted internationally, at a state scale. Some of the more notable map findings are developed using a novel ontological approach. This ontology relates the being of an animal, a constitutive lack, to power relations. The beings of animals are trapped into serving capital through the engineering of their genes. This reconfiguration allows the ensnaring of the body in agricultural, or other, power relations. The scale of this carceral archipelago is positioned as a global risk. Life energy, by nature, resists capture. Therefore, the paper concludes that the clock is ticking on genetic scientists’ Faustian bargain.
The Animal Question Meets Environmental Policy—Perspectives from Finland
Authors: Ratamäki Outi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The welfare and rights of nonhuman animals have become highly politicized issues, and political arguments concerning these topics are bound to collide with opposing views and face problems of legitimacy. This article seeks insights especially by drawing comparisons with environmental policy. This is implemented by showing how the animal question has been connected with different environmentally relevant policy questions in Finland. Analysis is backed up by earlier research literature about the differences between animal and environmental questions. This analysis shows that, in real-life situations, these two policy goals can be molded into various combinations, and the theoretical and sometimes highly polarized debates about the differences between the animal question and environmentalism do not always lead to conflict.
The Representation of Micro-diverse Koreans
Authors: Thompson Benjamin C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
South Korea has changed from a culturally homogeneous to a heterogeneous country through international marriages and “multicultural families.” This produces a unique kind of diversity in the experiences of families and individual persons, which may require political representation. This phenomenon of multiplicitous identity can be called “micro-diversity.” Although Korea has multicultural policies in response, its difference blind legislative representation is problematised in the process. Existing research into “descriptive representation” has explained why existing groups should be represented by members for reasons of significant historical disadvantages. These theories remain inapplicable or opposed to representing micro-diversity in Korea, where group attachment amongst micro-diverse persons is currently unclear. The paper shows, however, that potential groups are always part of representative relationships and that these are never equivalent to current constituencies. Hence, compelling norms of descriptive representation for potential groups may be articulated, which justify descriptive representation for micro-diverse Koreans.
Understanding Filipino Korean Pop Music Fans
Authors: Capistrano Erik Paolo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Hallyu’s success has caught the attention of academic research of various fields of expertise. This research endeavours to understand what makes Korean Pop music popular to Filipinos, addressing two research gaps: the lack of empirical management discourse, and the lack of focus on the Philippine KPop market. This research employs a theoretical model derived from an academic and practical product development and consumer behaviour discourse. Data collected from 932 Filipino respondents was subjected to several statistical tests, including exploratory factor analysis (EFA), hierarchical regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results suggest that Filipino KPop fans are more concerned about the external environment that influences what is popular, rather than what looks and sounds good. Furthermore, KPop fan behaviour homogeneously cuts across age, gender, and backgrounds. This presents several useful theoretical and managerial implications enhancing the overall picture of KPop’s international impact.
The imitation dilemma: can parrots maintain their vocal individuality when imitating conspecifics?
Authors: Thomsen Heidi M. , Balsby Thorsten J.S. , Dabelsteen Torben 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Many species of parrots live in fission–fusion social systems, characterised by frequent changes in flock composition. In these systems, the ability to selectively choose flock members is essential in order to maximise individual fitness. As a result, most species of parrots have individual distinctive contact calls that mediate the formation of groups during fission and fusion events. However, in vocal interactions during fission and fusion events, individuals will modify the fine-scale structure of their contact calls in a manner that sometimes will result in imitation of the contact calls of another individual, potentially altering or weakening the individual distinctiveness of contact calls. This presents parrots with an interesting dilemma. Here we present a study investigating the effect of vocal modification during interactions, including vocal imitation, on the individual distinctiveness and sex-specific differences of contact calls from ten captive bred peach-fronted conures (Eupsittula aurea). In order to determine if vocal individual- and sex distinctiveness persists in contact calls that are modified to that of another individual, we compared nine acoustic parameters from spontaneous (baseline) contact calls and contact calls emitted as response to a playback stimulus. Although modified, all acoustic parameters remained individually distinctive when the focal individuals interacted with the playback stimulus. These results provide a strong basis for discriminating between calls from different individuals across several social contexts, which could play an important role in mediating selective associations between individual peach-fronted conures during fission and fusion events.
Reappraisal and redescription of the three species of the recently defined genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, with a key to the West African Sesarmidae (Decapoda, Brachyura)
Authors: Shahdadi Adnan , Mvogo Ndongo Pierre A. , Suess Theresa , Schubart Christoph D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
West African mangroves host seven species of sesarmid crabs; three of which belong to the recently established genus Guinearma Shahdadi & Schubart, 2017, i.e., G. alberti (Rathbun, 1921), G. huzardi (Desmarest, 1825), and G. kamermani (De Man, 1883). The last species was originally described based on a single male specimen, and no further record has been published so far. Moreover, the three species of Guinearma were previously only briefly and superficially described. Along with some new records for G. kamermani, here we newly describe and illustrate the three species of Guinearma in detail, and discuss their diagnostic key features (mostly chelar characters). To facilitate their identification in the field, the other four species of West African Sesarmidae (i.e., Armases elegans (Herklots, 1851), Chiromantes angolense (De Brito Capello, 1864), C. buettikoferi (De Man, 1883), and Metagrapsus curvatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)) are also illustrated and an identification key is provided.
Nothing Else Matters
Authors: Blok Vincent 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
If the world in which we are intentionally involved is threatened by climate change, this raises the question about our place on Earth. In this article, we argue that the ecological crisis we face today draws our attention to the Earth as ontic-ontological condition of our being-in-the-world. Because the Earth is often reflected upon in relation to human existence, living systems or material entities in the philosophical tradition, we argue for an ontological concept of the materiality of the Earth as un-correlated being in this article. We develop five principles of the materiality of the Earth: the conativity, non-identity, responsiveness, performativity and eventuality of the Earth. We will argue that it is this notion of Earth that matters to us in the age of global warming.
A New Look at the Agency of Qāḍīs: Israeli Sharīʿa Courts as a Case Study
Authors: Shahar Ido 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the literature on Islamic law, qāḍīs are usually depicted as lower-level jurists, who are marginalized by other actors in the Sharīʿa field (such as muftīs, author-jurists and legislators) and therefore have no significant impact on the development of Islamic law. The article calls for a reevaluation of this assessment, arguing that modern qāḍīs actually possess far-reaching agency for transforming Islamic law. A case study of the Sharīʿa courts in Israel serves as illustration for the argument. It is shown that qāḍīs in Israel employ a broad range of judicial and extra-judicial mechanisms for the purpose of introducing innovations into applied Islamic law in their courts. In particular, the ­article dwells on judicial tools for reforms such as procedural reforms, innovations in evidence rules, and several types of material reforms (takhayyur, hybridization of Islamic and non-Islamic principles, and the continuous operationalization of Islamic concepts).
Isaiah 10:34 and the “Ambiguous Oracle” in Josephus, Bellum 6.312–313 (Part Two)
Authors: Aus Roger David 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the previous issue of this journal, after an introduction to the topic, I analyzed in section 1. Eschatological Fervor and Messianic Hopes; in section 2. The King, the Messiah, Is Only to Come from Judea; in section 3. Isaiah in Judaic Tradition; and in section 4. Hezekiah in Judaic Tradition. This prepared for the sections included here: 5. Isaiah, Hezekiah, and the Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib in Judaic Tradition; 6. Isa. 10:34; and 7. Summary and Conclusions.
The Role of the Homilistic Disputes with Appion (Hom. 4-6)
Authors: De Vos Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The Pseudo-Clementines is the traditional title of a unique Christian novel (3rd- 4th century) transmitted in several versions. This article focuses on the Greek version, called the Homilies, and more specifically on a much discussed part of these, namely the discussions with the pagan Appion. The passage in which the main character Clement enters into discussion with Appion shows us how those characters claim truth and argue about true culture, philosophy, education, sexuality etc.. This passage is all too often considered as “separate” and “alien” in Pseudo-Clementine source criticism, making it underexposed territory in rhetorical and literary but also philosophical research. This contribution offers a rhetorical and narrative analysis of those disputes with Appion including some philosophical insights. This analysis also serves as a case study for the overall reading experience and the general interpretation of the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies.
Feeding and osmoregulation in the euryhaline crab Neohelice granulata: digestive parameter responses
Authors: Méndez Eugenia , López Mañanes Alejandra A. , Pinoni Silvina A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
When a species often experiences variation in its environmental conditions, metabolic flexibility is required. We studied the duration of the digestive cycle and the activity of key digestive enzymes (proteolytic, amylase, lipase) at short and long times after feeding in the hepatopancreas of the osmoregulator crab Neohelice granulata from the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We compared these responses upon hyper-regulation and under osmoconformation conditions (10 and 35 psu). The results show the ability of this crab to hyper-regulate in different feeding states. No significant differences were observed in the duration pattern of the digestive cycle between hyper-regulation and osmoconformity. However, distinct responses after feeding were observed in the activities of the digestive enzymes studied in relation to the osmoregulatory state. In individuals exposed to 35 psu, proteolytic activity was higher at 8 h and remained constant until 72 h after feeding. At 10 psu, this activity was higher at 48 h after feeding than before feeding. At 35 psu, the amylase activity after feeding was greater than the prefeeding activity. No differences were observed in the activity of lipase at 35 psu, but at 10 psu this activity was lower 1 h after feeding than before feeding. This work constitutes a contribution to our knowledge of the physiology of crustaceans and attempts to clarify the possible mechanisms of digestive settings associated with hyper-regulation.
Dating the Aramaic Stele Sefire I
Authors: Dušek Jan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Based on palaeography and the supposed relative chronology of the three Aramaic steles from Sefire, various dates in the first half of the 8th century BCE have been proposed for the stele Sefire I. In this article, I propose a new reading in the inscription of part of the name of Aššur-dān III, one of the kings of Assyria from the first half of the 8th century BCE. This new reading, together with other available data, especially those gleaned from Neo-Assyrian written sources, provides the basis for a more precise dating of the inscription on stele Sefire I.
From Boxes and Cabinets to the Bibliotheca: Building the Jewish Library of the Ex-Conversos in Amsterdam, 1620–1665
Authors: Fisher Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the early seventeenth century, members of Amsterdam’s Portuguese Jewish community assembled a significant collection of Jewish—and especially Sephardi—literature that served as a crucial resource for scholars, religious leaders, and students. This article explores Jewish and Christian models that may have shaped the project of book collecting; it traces the changing perception of book collecting in the community; and it identifies shifts in the cultural profile of the texts being collected. The arrival of Ashkenazi immigrants fleeing war in eastern Europe spurred the collection of new texts, and the blending of Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jewish cultures.
Relationality as the Ground of Being: The One as Pure Relation in Plotinus
Authors: Filler James 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
My main argument will be that Plotinus’ notion of The One is best understood as “pure relation”. I will argue that Aristotle’s understanding of relation as being determined by relata has been the dominant understanding and that this is wrong-headed, that relata are actually determined by relationality. Thus, relation is actually ontologically prior to the relata. This entails that the First Principle of Being is pure relation.