bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE-BASED TRANSFERSOMES FOR PERCUTANEOUS DELIVERY OF PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS
Authors: LEONYZA ASTRIED , SURINI SILVIA 
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterize the transfersomes for percutaneous delivery of peptides and proteins. In particular, this study was a preliminary study for the transfersomes formulation of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) for topical delivery.
Methods: The transfersomes was prepared by thin film hydration method using phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate as vesicle former. In this study, transfersomes formulas were optimized, namely TF1, TF2, TF3, and TF4 with several ratios of phospholipid and surfactant which were 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, and 75:25, respectively. Afterward, the transfersomes were characterized in terms of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology of vesicles, and deformability index.
Results: The results showed that the best formulation was TF3 with the ratio of 80:20 with a particle size of 118.6±1.33 nm, polydispersity index of 0.102±0.011, zeta potential of-30.9±0,46 mV, and deformability index of 1.182±0.08. TEM analysis also showed spherical and unilamellar vesicles of transfersomes.
Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the sodium deoxycholate-based transfersomes could be potential to be further formulated with peptide and protein for percutaneous delivery.
RAPID AUTHENTICATION OF TURMERIC POWDER ADULTERATED WITH CURCUMA ZEDOARIA AND CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA USING FTIR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY AND CHEMOMETRICS
Authors: ANGELINE ELLSYA , SUSIDARTI RATNA ASMAH , ROHMAN ABDUL 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a rapid, simple, non-destructive and inexpensive analytical method using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) as a sampling technique, combined with chemometrics for authentication of turmeric powder adulterated with Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma xanthorrhiza.
Methods: Turmeric powder is placed above the diamond crystal in ATR compartment. Spectra are scanned in the absorbance mode from 4000 to 600 cm-1. The obtained spectra is further analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Partial Least Square Regression (PLS-R).
Results: PCA score plot shows that Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza can be discriminated well. PLS-DA can be used to build the model for classification between pure turmeric powder and adulterated powder with the values of Q2, R2X, and R2Y of 0.9558, 0.9813, and 0.9746, respectively. The good calibration model for quantification of each adulterant is obtained by PLS-R with R2 value more than 0.99 and lower RMSEC value. Both models have been validated by internal and external validation which result in the high R2 value and low RMSEP value which indicates that both models are accurate and precise.
Conclusion: The combination of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used to authenticate turmeric powder adulterated with Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma xanthorrhiza.
STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF VALSARTAN FLOATING TABLETS USING BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGN
Authors: BHATTACHARYA SANKHA 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to formulate and statistically evaluate 300 mg floating tablets of valsartan.
Methods: Floating tablets of valsartan was prepared in 16 station rotary punching machine by considering 300 mg of valsartan as drug, 40-60 mg of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M and 20-40 mg of poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) as polymers and 20 mg of sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agents. Since upper stomach has maximum therapeutic window for valsartan absorption, hence Gastroretentive Floating Tablets (GRFTs) was prepared by implementing Box-Bentham Design. The pre and post compression parameters were optimized using Statistica 10 software. From the in vitro buoyancy and drug release studies and interpretation of statistical outcomes viz. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Dissolution Efficiency (DE), Mean Dissolution Time (MDT), desirability study, it was concluded that batch VF5 formulation was found to be the most optimized formulation.
Results: The floating time of VF5 was found to be 132±0.33 sec, in vitro buoyancy time was 18 h, Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was 54.97, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was 5.13, percentage dissolution efficacy was 56.39%, mean dissolution time was 5.19hr. Further, six-month stability study was performed as per ICH QIA guideline. After performing two-way ANOVA within stability study response variables, it was confirmed that the interaction was most significant.
Conclusion: Valsartan floating drug delivery system was successfully developed by considering HPMC K100M and poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) as polymers. Among all the nine batches, VF5 was found to be the best-optimized batch.
DEVELOPMENT OF SODIUM ALGINATE COATED NANOPARTICLES OF METRONIDAZOLE FOR THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTITIS
Authors: SINGH MUKUL , JAIN GAURAV 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study was aimed to develop metronidazole (MNZ) loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based mucoadhesive nanoparticles (NPs) in prolonged treatment in periodontitis.
Methods: Nanoparticles were prepared by using single (SE) and double (DE) emulsion method to determine the suitability of methods. Prepared NPs were evaluated for surface morpholgy, mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, mucoadhesion ability and invitro-drug release,
Results: SEM images confirmed that NPs were of spherical shape and smooth surface. Mean particle size, of MNZ loaded NPs were found 583.28±18.22 and 872.72±63.18 prepared by SE and DE method. Similarly, polidispersity index (0.68±0.1 and 0.83±0.06) and zeta potention (-33.29±0.7 and-31.28.0.6) was found in acceptable range. Prepared NPs were surface treated with Sodium alginate (SA) to increase mucoadhesive property. It was observe that particles remain adhere till 24 hr with biological membrane. Prepared NPs allow release of MNZ upto 24 h in sustained manner.
Conclusion: This study confirms that the prepared MNZ loaded NPs may be used as an better alternate with addition application such as prolonged action thus improved patient compliance.
FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC TRENDS AND DNA DAMAGE IN RABBIT LENS DUE TO LONG RUN OF TAMOXIFEN TREATMENT
Authors: A. A. MERVAT , S. M. EMAN , M. A. EMAN 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the molecular structure changes of the lens of rabbits and DNA damage of epithelial cells due to tamoxifen administration.
Methods: Twenty four healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 main groups. The first group is served as control (n=12) kept untreated, second one is Tamoxifen administrative group (n=12) received orally daily dose of 15 mg/kg. Rabbits were decapitated after 2, 4, 6 and 8 mo, respectively. Using fourior transform infrared (FTIR) to study the molecular structure changes due to tamoxifen and comet assay analysis for discovering DNA damage.
Results: FTIR data indicated that tamoxifen affects structural components in NHOH and fingerprint region. Increases of β-turns of the protein secondary structure while, reducing the content of both α-helix after 8 mo and Turns appeared for all periods of administrative tamoxifen were observed. On the other hand tamoxifen induced a statistically significant increase in comet assay parameters as tail moment compared to control animals that indicated DNA damage due to single or double strand break.
Conclusion: Tamoxifen uses for more than 6 mo may lead to changes in the molecular structure of the lens and damage of DNA cells. An ophthalmic baseline examination prior to anti-cancer treatment may help detect any pre-existing ocular condition and lead to reduction of ocular side effects when predisposed patients are screened and examined regularly during and after chemotherapeutic therapy.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LORAZEPAM ENCAPSULATED COLLAGEN/PECTIN BUCCAL PATCH
Authors: V. S. LAKSHMI , MENON REVATHY B. , RAJU KEERTHANA , M. U. AISWARYA , C. NAIR SREEJA 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To formulate and characterize Lorazepam loaded buccal patches using mucoadhesive, biodegradable, natural polymers-pectin (hydrophilic) and collagen (lipophilic) for treating epileptic seizures.
Methods: Lorazepam loaded buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting method and were subjected to various Physico-chemical evaluation parameters to find the optimized buccal patch. The in vitro drug release study and ex vivo permeation study was carried out. The stability study and histopathological study of optimized Lorazepam loaded buccal patch was also carried out.
Results: From in vitro drug release study, it was found that Lorazepam loaded buccal patch (B4) exhibited maximum drug release of 96.16 %±0.07 than other formulations at the end of 4 h, indicating an initial burst release followed by sustained release with release kinetics as Higuchi diffusion model. Based on the in vitro drug release, % drug content, % swelling index, folding endurance, B4 formulation was considered as optimised formulation and was further characterized. Ex vivo permeation study revealed that the cumulative amount of drug permeated from optimised Lorazepam loaded buccal patch (B4) was higher (3831.4±0.21µg/cm2) than marketed Midazolam buccal solution (1724±0.12 µg/cm2) and control drug solution (895.42±0.07 µg/cm2) with an enhancement ratio of 4.8. B4 formulation also showed a higher flux value (12.52±0.02µg/cm2/hr) compared to marketed formulation (5.732±0.01 µg/cm2) and control drug solution (2.563±0.03 µg/cm2) of P<0.05. The histopathological study using bovine buccal mucosa revealed that the B4 formulation is safe for buccal application. The stability study confirmed that B4 formulation is stable in both room and refrigeration conditions. Hence the formulated Lorazepam loaded buccal patch seems to be a promising carrier for the enhanced buccal delivery of Lorazepam in treating epileptic seizures.
Conclusion: The formulated Lorazepam loaded collagen/pectin buccal patch was found to be an efficient and stable route for the buccal delivery of Lorazepam in treating acute epileptic seizures which could be further explored scientifically.
MODELO, POLÍTICA Y PROGRAMA ECONÓMICOS DEL PRI, PAN Y PRD FRENTE A LAS ELECCIONES FEDERALES DE 1994
Authors: Valverde Viesca Karla 
Published: September 2019

<p>En este artículo se analizan y sintetizan las diversas propuestas que conformaron, en materia económica, las plataformas políticas de tres partidos, PRI, PAN Y PRD, que contendieron en las elecciones de 1994. Se destacan también los debates parlamentarios, la política y la doctrina de cada partido, con el propósito de realizar un análisis comparado.</p>
LOS PROYECTOS POLÍTICOS DE LOS PARTIDOS EN MÉXICO PARA LAS ELECCIONES FEDERALES DE 1994
Authors: Trejo Romo Pablo 
Published: September 2019

<p>En el trabajo se sintetizan y analizan los aspectos sustantivos de los proyectos políticos de los partidos, que fueron ofrecidos a los electores que sufragaron en las elecciones federales de 1994 en México. </p>
Salicilato de metila e óleo de silicone como plastificantes alternativos para cimentos à base de resina de salicilato
Authors: Portella Fernando Freitas , Collares Fabrício Mezzomo , Santos Paula Dapper , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Samuel Susana Maria Werner 
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar o efeito a adição de salicilato de metila e óleo de silicone no tempo de presa, escoamento e espessura de película de um cimento a base de resina de salicilato e hidróxido de cálcio.
Métodos: Um cimento experimental base constituído de 70% de uma resina de glicerol salicilato e 30% de hidróxido de cálcio teve sua viscosidade ajustada a partir da adição de salicilato de metila (SM) e/ou óleo de silicone (OS) em diferentes concentrações: 10% SM, 15% SM, 20% SM, 10% OS, 15% OS, 20% OS, 5% SM + 15% OS, 10% SM + 10%OS e 15% SM + 5% OS. Tempo de presa, escoamento e espessura de película dos cimentos foram aferidos conforme a ISO 6876.
Resultados: O tempo de presa variou de 1,33h (20% SM) a 14,42h (10% OS), observando-se que a adição de salicilato de metila acelera a reação de presa e o acréscimo de óleo de silicone leva a um maior tempo de presa. Os maiores valores de escoamento e que atenderam aos 20mm mínimos requeridos pela ISO 6876, foram encontrados para os grupos 15% SM, 5% SM + 15% OS e 10% SM + 10% OS, chegando a 29,29±12,86mm. A espessura de película variou de 70,00±26,46 a 216,67±80,21µm, sendo o menor valor verificado para o grupo 5% SM + 15%.
Conclusão: A adição de 5% de salicilato de metila e 15% de óleo de silicone produziu um cimento com tempo de presa, escoamento e espessura de película adequados para obturação de canais radiculares.
Oleo, Whiskey, and Cigars: How William Henry Osborn Implemented the 1913 Federal Income Tax
Authors: Stolberg Mary M. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Many scholars have chronicled the long political and legal battle that led to ratification of the 16th Amendment on February 25, 1913. However, none have described how the Bureau of Internal Revenue implemented the tax in only six months on a shoestring budget. William H. Osborn, the commissioner who oversaw the effort, left a diary of his experiences, which sheds light on the political, budgetary, and bureaucratic challenges he faced. While most internal revenue commissioners work in relative obscurity, Osborn won public acclaim by pursuing long-neglected evasions with headline grabbing criminal cases, pushing against patronage to hire qualified agents, and instituting cost-saving efficiencies. He melded political acumen, administrative genius, and a talent for inspiring his employees to build the basic framework for modern federal income tax collections. His experiences highlight the important, but often overlooked, role played by skilled bureaucrats.
Pemanfaatan Akreditasi dalam Peningkatan Manajemen Madrasah di Kota Pekanbaru (Studi Kasus di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Swasta Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru)
Authors: Sohiron S. 
Published: September 2019

Akreditasi sekolah/madrasah adalah proses penilaian secara komprehensif terhadap kelayakan satuan atau program pendidikan, yang hasilnya diwujudkan dalam bentuk sertifikat pengakuan dan peringkat kelayakan yang dikeluarkan oleh suatu lembaga yang mandiri dan profesional. Manfaat akreditasi bagi madrasah adalah sebagai Acuan dalam upaya peningkatan mutu sekolah/madrasah dan rencana pengembangan sekolah/madrasah dan sebagai umpan balik dalam usaha pemberdayaan dan pengembangan kinerja warga sekolah/madrasah dalam rangka menerapkan visi, misi, tujuan, sasaran, strategi, dan program sekolah/madrasah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan akreditasi dalam peningkatan manajemen madrasah di Kota Pekanbaru (studi kasus di madrasah tsanawiyah swasta Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru). Metode penelitian pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara kepada 4 (empat) kepala madrasah tsanawiyah swasta di Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru. Hasil penelitian bahwa madrasah telah memanfaatkan akreditasi peningkatan manajemen madrasah meliputi 5 aspek yaitu: 1). Aspek manajemen madrasah mengacu pada standar pengelolaan; 2). Aspek manajemen kurikulum mengacu pada standar isi, standar proses, standar kompetensi lulusan, standar penilaian pendidikan; 3). Aspek manajemen sumber daya manusia mengacu pada standar pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan; 4). Aspek manajemen sarana dan prasarana mengacu pada standar sarana dan prasarana; dan 5). Aspek manajemen pembiayaan mengacu pada standar pembiayaan.
Liderazgo resiliente ante escenarios prospectivos
Authors: Afonso Finol María del Pino 
Published: September 2019

En este ensayo se presenta una reflexión acerca del reto que tienen los líderes resilientes en la sociedad actual, sobre todo en el contexto de una gerencia prospectiva, logrando plantear desde la perspectiva teórica diversos aportes en esta materia, el cual contribuye a fortalecer su accionar en las organizaciones con respecto a la manera en la que gerentes y colaboradores tengan la facilidad de adaptarse a esas situaciones y oportunidades futuribles, por ello, el liderazgo resiliente es aquel dentro del cual mediante su orientación, se estimula a las demás personas para que puedan enfrentarse efectivamente a las adversidades, superando los obstáculos, y generando un mayor crecimiento tanto personal como profesional, es así como el líder debe disponer de una serie de competencias que serán claves en su accionar ante escenarios prospectivos.
“AC – CAST (ASPHALT CONCRETE PRECAST” LAPIS ASPAL BETON BERBASIS CETAK SEBAGAI INOVASI DALAM PENGERJAAN PERKERASAN LAPISAN PERMUKAAN JALAN PADA TIPE JALAN LOKAL
Authors: Fansuri Subaidillah , Rahmanto Ach. Desmantri , Anugraha Mochammad Nauvan Indra 
Published: September 2019

Prasarana transportasi berupa jalan merupakan salah satu unsur pengembangan wilayah yang mengalami pengembangan yang sangat pesat. Perkerasan jalan merupakan lapisan perkerasan yang berfungsi memberikan pelayanan kepada sarana transportasi. Aspal beton (Laston) sebagai bahan untuk konstruksi jalan sudah lama dikenal dan digunakan secara luas dalam pembuatan jalan. Penerapan laston (Asphalt Concrete) dan Metode pengaspalan suatu permukaan jalan menggunakan campuran panas (Hot Mix) lebih banyak dilakukan pada tipe jalan dengan skala besar. Namun, untuk tipe jalan lokal terutama jalan seperti pedesaan dengan lebar jalanm minimal 2,5 meter tidak memungkinkan karena penggunaan alat berat yang kompleks pada saat pekerjan laston (Asphalt Concrete). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat desain dan metode pelaksanaan dari laston (Asphalt Concrete) berbasis pracetak sehingga dapat digunakan secara umum dan solusi mengenai lapisan perkerasan permukaan jalan pada tipe jalan lokal serta menghitung besar biaya pada saat proses pembuatan dan pelaksanaan dari laston (Asphalt Concrete) berbasis cetak.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksprimental atau percobaan mengenai proses pembuatan sampel dari laston atau AC – CAST (Asphalt Concrete Precast) dengan menghitung bahan bahan penyusunnya melalui perhitungan JMF (Job Mix Formula) sehingga didapat persen campuran dari bahan meterial penyusun laston berbasis cetak. Pengujian sampel dari laston atau AC – CAST (Asphalt Concrete Precast) yaitu uji marshall test untuk mengetahui sifat dari laston berbasis pracetak.
Desain AC – CAST atau laston berbasis cetak yang dipakai yaitu 10 x 20 cm dengan ketebalan 6 cm. Kadar aspal optimum yang dihasilkan dari pengujian stabilitas dan flow dengan marshall test yaitu 6 %. AC – CAST memiliki nilai harga Rp 2.463,20 dan tiap m2 nya Rp 123.160,12. Metode pelaksanaan AC – CAST terdiri dari pekerjaan persiapan, pekerjaan tanah dan pekerjaan lapisan permukaaan menggunakan AC – CAST.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT DAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA KELAS I SEMESTER I DI SD NEGERI 4 PERTIMA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Juniantari I  Gusti Ayu 
Published: September 2019

<p> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan minat belajar dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas I Semester I SD Negeri 4 Pertima Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018 melalui implementasi model pembelajaran <em>Make a Match</em>. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan penelitian tindakan pada siswa kelas I SD Negeri 4 Pertima Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018 pada semester ganjil yang berjumlah 18 orang siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran <em>make a match</em>. Obyek penelitian berupa minat dan hasil belajar siswa. Untuk mengukur minat belajar siswa digunakan pedoman obsevasi. Untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa digunakan tes hasil belajar. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa: 1) Penerapan model pembelajaran <em>make a match</em> sebagai alternatif menciptakan pembelajaran menyenangkan dapat meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa kelas I SD Negeri 4 Pertima Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Rata-rata minat belajar siswa siswa meningkat dari 68,49 pada siklus I dengan kategori sedang menjadi 79,13 pada siklus II dengan kategori tinggi. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadi peningkatan minat belajar siswa sebesar 15,5%. 2) Penerapan model pembelajaran <em>make a match</em> sebagai alternatif menciptakan pembelajaran menyenangkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas I SD Negeri 4 Pertima Tahun Pemblajaran 2017/2018. Rata-rata hasil belajar Matematika siswa 69,4 dengan ketuntaan klasikal 78%, pada siklus II diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 88,9 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 100%, hal ini mengindikasikan terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar Matematika sebesar 28%.</p><p> Hasil belajar dalam pembelajaran akan lebih baik apabila sebelum melakukan proses belajar mempersiapkan perangkat pembelajaran yang dibutuhkan dengan matang dan terencana terlebih dahulu agar mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang diinginkan. Dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan, sesederhana apapun hendaknya guru dalam mengajar mengupayakan menggunakan media pembelajaran, guna menarik perhatian siswa dalam belajar. Gunakan media pembelajaran melalui model pembelajaran yang melibatkan keaktifan siswa dalam belajar matematika seperti di SD negeri 4 Pertima yang ada di Kecamatan Karangasem, Kabupaten Karangasem Bali.</p>
LOCUS EDUCATIONIS SEBAGAI PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI SEKOLAH MENUJU PESERTA DIDIK YANG BERBUDI
Authors: Sueca I Nyoman 
Published: September 2019

<p>Sekolah dapat menjadi wahana pendidikan karakter yang andal dan efektif bagi pembentukan idividu. Sekolah dapat memanfaatkan locos educationis di dalam lembaga pendidikan sebagai praksis pendidikan karakter. Sejak dahulu sekolah memiliki dua tujuan utama dalam karya pendidikan mereka, yaitu membentuk manusia yang cerdas, dan berbudi luhur. Mundurnya pendidikan karakter, kita wajib bertanya kembali pada diri sendiri dan pada orang lain terkait relevansinya pendidian karakter dalam sekolah. Kalau masih relevan, bagaimana kita sekarang mau menghidupkan kembali, dan melalui momen-momen pendidikan <em>(locus educationis)</em> mana, kita dapat memberikan pendidikan karakter itu di dalam diri peserta didik. Hancurnya nilai-nilai moral dalam masyarakat yang ditandai dengan merebaknya kekerasan seperti; pemerkosaan gadis dibawah umur, pembunuhan, narkoba dan lain-lainnya, fenomena inilah membutuhkan kelahiran baru pendidikan karakter di dalam sekolah. Momen-momen dalam lingkungan sekolah yang dapat dipakai sebagai sebuah sarana atau kesempatan dalam mengembangkan pendidikan karakter, telah melibatkan jaringan relasional antara staf sekolah dengan orang tua dan masyarakat.</p><p><strong>Kata Kunci: Sekolah sebagai wahana penguatan pendidikan karakter.</strong></p>