bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of silica‐gel adsorption to extract phytosterol glycosides from soybean lecithin powder
Authors: Kang Jingjing , Che Yubo , Yan Nan , Cao Dong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoybean lecithin powders are good sources of phytosterol glucosides (PGs) containing acyl‐sterylglycosides (ASGs) and sterylglucosides (SGs), but PG extraction from soybean lecithin powder is difficult due to the solubilizing property of phospolipids. To comprehensively utilize soybean lecithin resources, an evaluation system construction and factor impact analysis of PG extraction by silica‐gel adsorption was investigated in this article.RESULTSWith high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the main experimental analysis method, software such as SIMICA and SPSS were applied to construct an evaluation system of PG extraction. Different from scores plot in SIMICA for distinguishing samples in chloroform from others, the loading plot and binary variant correlation analysis of all indicators in PG extraction were brought to confirm four evaluation indicators containing PG purity, ASG recovery, SG recovery and phospholipid recovery. In the factor impact analysis, four times elution from silica‐gel sediment was enough to achieve a PG product with least reagent waste, while SPW in petroleum ether at 50 mg mL−1 with 1:3 silica‐gel dosage (lecithin/silica‐gel, w/w) was then determined as the optimum of single factors.CONCLUSIONAll studies in this article were of great significance, as they laid foundations for research of PG extraction procedure, as well as PG industrial production, facilitating the comprehensive utilization of lecithin resources. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of dietary inclusion of fermented sea mustard by‐product on growth performance, blood profiles, and meat quality in broilers
Authors: Shi Huan , Kim Seung Hee , Kim In Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSea mustards are traditionally consumed as human food in many Asian countries. However, owing to the large consumption of seaweed, there are a substantial number of by‐products produced during processing. These by‐products after fermentation can provide a good alternative nutrient source for broilers and serve as a recycled resource reducing the environmental pollution of the seaweed industry. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented sea mustard by‐product (FSM) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, excreta microflora, blood profiles, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. The treatments were: control (CON), basal diet; FSM, CON +2 g kg−1 FSM.ResultsDuring days 1 to 35, with the supplementation of 2 g kg−1 FSM, body weight gain (BWG) increased (P < 0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P < 0.05). On day 35, with the supplementation of 2 g kg−1 FSM, excreta Lactobacillus counts increased (P < 0.05), and the excreta Escherichia coli counts decreased (P < 0.05). There were no significant effects (P > 0.05) on nutrient digestibility, blood profile, relative organ weight, and breast meat quality of broilers fed with FSM diets.ConclusionDietary supplementation of 2 g kg−1 FSM can improve growth performance, and shifted excreta microflora by increasing the proliferation of Lactobacillus counts and by decreasing E. coli counts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of fentanyl derivatives by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode array ultraviolet and single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection
Authors: Angi Carolyn , Lurie Ira S. , Marginean Ioan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFentanyl has become pervasive as a drug of abuse and as adulterant in seized drugs. Positional isomers analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry can follow the same fragmentation pathway and therefore may not be differentiated. Additionally, electron ionization leads to lack of discernible molecular ion for most fentanyl related compounds. Liquid chromatography may be used as an orthogonal identification technique with diode array ultraviolet and mass spectrometric detection. Here we provide a chromatographic method for the separation of 20 different fentanyl analogues, homologues and positional isomers using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array ultraviolet and mass spectrometry detection. Five different columns were investigated utilizing reverse phase chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Chromatographic systems were evaluated to determine which could separate the most compounds overall, as well as the most positional isomers. We found that isocratic elution, with a methanol modifier (35%) and formic acid (0.1%) as an additive, on a C18 column at a temperature of 25°C could resolve 10/20 compounds overall and 16/20 positional isomers. Using electrospray ionization, compounds with different masses could easily be distinguished based on their pseudo molecular ions. Ultraviolet detection facilitated differentiation of positional isomers that could not be distinguished by either electron ionization or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry alone.
Correlation Between Medial Meniscal Extrusion Determined by Dynamic Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Medial‐Type Knee Osteoarthritis in Patients With Knee Pain
Authors: Özdemir Meltem , Turan Aynur 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between medial meniscal extrusion (MME) determined by dynamic ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging findings of medial‐type knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsSingle knees of 102 patients with knee pain were assessed by radiography, dynamic US, and magnetic resonance imaging. All knee radiographs were interpreted and grouped according to the Kellgren‐Lawrence (KL) scale. Medial meniscal extrusion in non–weight‐bearing and weight‐bearing positions and the difference of these values (ΔMME) were measured by dynamic US. The medial tibiofemoral compartments of all knees were evaluated and grouped according to the Whole‐Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS). Mean values of non–weight‐bearing MME, weight‐bearing MME, and ΔMME ± standard deviations for groups formed according to the KL scale and WORMS system were compared.ResultsWe demonstrated that different from non–weight‐bearing MME, weight‐bearing MME was significantly correlated with not only high grades but also lower grades of cartilage damage and subchondral bone marrow lesions in medial‐type knee OA. Although the difference in non–weight‐bearing MME between cartilage status groups 1 and 2 was not significant (P = .071), there were significant differences in of weight‐bearing MME between groups 1 and 2, between groups 2 and 3, and between groups 3 and group 4 (P = .003, .002, and .032, respectively).ConclusionsWe found statistically significant associations between MME values and the severity of the OA findings according to both the KL scale and WORMS system. We offer dynamic US as an initial tool for the diagnosis and a screening method to estimate the severity of knee OA.
Differential effect of grape seed extract and its active constituent procyanidin B2 3,3″‐di‐O‐gallate against prostate cancer stem cells
Authors: Tyagi Alpna , Kumar Sushil , Raina Komal , Wempe Michael F. , Maroni Paul D. , Agarwal Rajesh , Agarwal Chapla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether grape seed extract (GSE) procyanidin mix, and its active constituent procyanidin B2 3,3″‐di‐O‐gallate (B2G2) have the potential to target cancer stem cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer (PCa). The CSC populations were isolated and purified based on CD44+‐α2β1high surface markers in PCa cell lines LNCaP, C4‐2B, 22Rv1, PC3, and DU145, and then subjected to prostasphere formation assays in the absence or presence of GSE or B2G2. Results indicated that at lower doses (<15 μg) , the GSE procyanidin mix produced activity in unsorted prostate cancer antigen (PCA) cells, but not in sorted; however, multiple treatments with low dose GSE over a course of time inhibited sphere formation by sorted PCA CSCs. Importantly, B2G2 demonstrated significant potential to target both unsorted and sorted CSCs at lower doses. As formation of spheroids, under specific in vitro conditions, is a measure of stemness, these results indicated the potential of both GSE and B2G2 to target the self‐renewal of CSC in PCa cell lines, though B2G2 was more potent in its efficacy. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that both GSE procyanidins and B2G2 strongly decreased the constitutive as well as Jagged1 (Notch1 ligand)‐induced activated Notch1 pathway. In totality, these in vitro studies warrant extensive dose‐profiling‐based assessments in vivo settings to conclusively determine the impact on CSC pool kinetics on the efficacy of both GSE and B2G2 to target PCa growth as well as tumor relapse.
Expanding the use of internal mammary artery perforators as a recipient vessel in free tissue transfer: An anatomical analysis by computed tomography angiography in breast cancer patients
Authors: Shin Dongwoo , Sung Ki Wook , Fan Kenneth L. , Park Tae Hwan , Song Seung Yong , Roh Tai Suk , Lew Dae Hyun , Lee Dong Won 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe internal mammary artery (IMA) perforator has assumed recent prominence as recipient vessels in free autologous breast reconstruction. However, anatomical understanding is unclear, due to limited cadaver and clinical studies. We evaluated the usability of these vessels by evaluating perforator size, dominance, laterality, interspace location, and relationship with breast volume.MethodsA retrospective review assessed 197 female patients with breast cancer who had undergone computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the chest wall. The average age and body mass index (BMI) of patients was 49.0 ± 6.5 years and 24.2 ± 5 .8 kg/m2, respectively. The average volume of breasts was 437 ± 190 mL. Our analysis focused on the anatomy of IMA perforator and its relationship to volume and BMI.ResultsA total of 377 hemi‐chest evaluations were performed. Most patients (95.5%) had sizeable perforating artery identified on CTA. Among all sizeable perforators identified, the mean diameter of the most dominant arterial perforator was 1.8 ± 0 .8 mm. The right hemi‐chest had significantly larger perforators than the left (1.9 ± 0 .9 mm vs. 1.7 ± 0 .7 mm, p = 0.002). The first intercostal space (ICS) had a slightly greater of perforators than second ICS (34.6% vs. 29.8%, p = 0.172). However, second ICS had a greater number of most dominant perforators compared to first ICS (38.9% vs. 34.7%, p = 0.357). Perforators from first ICS emerge medial to the sternal edge and breast footprint. When dividing groups with 0–1 versus 2–3 reliable perforators, breast volume was significantly higher in the later (422.0 mL vs. 461.2 mL, p = 0.019).ConclusionThese results are expected to encourage microsurgeons to use the IMA perforator by providing a clear anatomical roadmap.
Novel stacked‐defected ground structures for ultra‐wideband low loss balun designs
Authors: Van Pham Chi , Pham Anh‐Vu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel stacked‐defected ground structure (SDGS) for ultra‐wideband and low‐loss balun design was developed. The balun implements an inductive compensation method on a multilayer liquid crystal polymer (LCP) substrate to control phase and amplitude imbalances. Based on a 15‐dB input return loss and 0.5 dB insertion loss criterions, the balun has a measured bandwidth from 70 MHz to more than 2.1 GHz, a measured amplitude and phase imbalances are less than 0.5 dB and 5°, respectively. With a compact size of 36 mm × 51 mm × 0.23 mm, the 0.5 dB loss‐balun achieves both the largest bandwidth ratio (30:1 ratio) and the most improved imbalances reported to date on a printed circuit board.
Improved antibacterial properties of an Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy coated with chitosan nanofibers incorporating silver sulfadiazine multiwall carbon nanotubes for bone implants
Authors: Bakhsheshi‐Rad Hamid Reza , Chen Xiongbiao , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Aziz Madzlan , Abdolahi Elaheh , Mahmoodiyan Fereshteh 
Published: March 2019

Bacteria‐caused infection remains an issue in the treatment of bone defects by means of Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy implants. This study aimed to improve the antibacterial properties of an Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy by coating with chitosan‐based nanofibers with incorporated silver sulfadiazine (AgSD) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). AgSD and MWCNTs were prepared at a weight ratio of 1:1 and then added to chitosan at varying concentrations (ie, 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 wt.%) to form composites. The obtained composites were ejected in nanofiber form using an electrospinning technique and coated on the surface of an Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy to improve its antibacterial properties. A microstructural examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the diameter of chitosan nanofiber ejected increased with the concentration of AgSD‐MWCNTs. The incorporation of AgSD‐MWCNTs into the chitosan nanofibers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Examination of the antibacterial activity shows that chitosan nanofibers with AgSD‐MWCNTs can significantly inhibit the growth and infiltration of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Biocompatibility assay and cell morphology observations demonstrate that AgSD‐MWCNTs incorporated into nanofibers are cytocompatible. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the potential application of electrospun chitosan with AgSD‐MWCNTs as an antibacterial coating on Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy implants for bone treatment.
Polystyrene‐modified novolac epoxy resin/clay nanocomposite: Synthesis, and characterization
Authors: Massoumi Bakhshali , Abbasian Mojtaba , Mohammad‐Rezaei Rahim , Farnudiyan‐Habibi Amir , Jaymand Mehdi 
Published: March 2019

A polystyrene‐modified epoxidized novolac resin/montmorillonite nanocomposite was fabricated and characterized successfully. For this purpose, novolac resin (NR) was epoxidized through the reaction of phenolic hydroxyl group with epichlorohydrin in super basic medium to produce epoxidized novolac resin (ENR). Afterward, a polystyrene was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique, and then brominated at the benzylic positions using N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS). The brominated polystyrene (PSt‐Br) was reacted with ethanolamine in basic medium in order to afford an amine‐functionalized polystyrene (PSt‐NH2). An organo‐modified montmorillonite (O‐MMT) was synthesized through the treatment of MMT with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride salt. Finally, ENR‐PSt/MMT nanocomposite was fabricated through curing a mixture of ENR (70 wt.%) and O‐MMT (5 wt.%) with PSt‐NH2 (25 wt.%). Transition electron microscopy (TEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the fabricated nanocomposite has an exfoliated structure. Thermal property studies using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the curing of ENR by PSt‐NH2, as well as incorporation of a small amount of MMT have synergistic effect on the thermal stability of the ENR resin.
Multistate methodology improves risk assessment under time‐varying drug intake—a new view on pregnancy outcomes following coumarin exposure
Authors: Bluhmki Tobias , Fietz Anne‐Katrin , Stegherr Regina , Beck Evelin , Padberg Stephanie , Beyersmann Jan , Schaefer Christof , Meister Reinhard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeObservational cohort studies are essential to evaluate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with drug intake. Besides left truncation and competing events, it is crucial to account for the time‐dynamic pattern of drug exposure. In fact, potentially harmful medications are often discontinued, which might affect the outcome. Ignoring these challenges may lead to biased estimation of drug‐related risks highlighting the need for adequate statistical techniques.MethodsWe reanalyze updated data of a recently published study provided by the German Embryotox pharmacovigilance institute. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of discontinuation of vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon on the risk of spontaneous abortion.ResultsWe outline multistate methodology as a powerful method removing bias in probability estimation inherent to commonly used crude proportions. We incorporate time‐dependent discontinuation and competing pregnancy outcomes as separate states in a multistate model, which enables the formulation of hazard‐based Cox proportional hazard models and the application of so‐called landmark techniques. Results show that early discontinuation of phenprocoumon substantially reduces the risk of spontaneous abortion, which is of great importance for both pregnant women and treating physicians.ConclusionsAn adequate handling of discontinuation times is essential when analyzing the risk of spontaneous abortion. The proposed concepts are not restricted to pregnancy outcome studies but have broad usage in other fields of epidemiology. Our nontechnical report may provide guidance for the design and analysis of future studies. Example code is provided.
Die Komplexität der Natur entschlüsseln
Authors: Röhlsberger Ralf , Schroer Christian , Wanzenberg Rainer , Agapov Ilya 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Materialforschung bricht ein neues Zeitalter an. Gekennzeichnet ist es durch die Suche nach einem tieferen Verständnis von komplexen, hierarchisch strukturierten oder ungeordneten Materialien. Solche Materialien spielen in der Natur, etwa in lebender Materie, eine zentrale Rolle, zunehmend aber auch in vielfältigen technischen Anwendungen. Ihre Erforschung erfordert abbildende Methoden, die alle Größenskalen von der Makro‐ bis zur Mikrowelt der Atome erfassen können. Ideal hierfür sind wenige Mikrometer feine Röntgenstrahlen mit einem hohen Anteil an kohärentem Licht. Dieses Röntgenlicht sollen zukünftige rein beugungsbegrenzte Synchrotron‐Strahlungsquellen liefern. Mit dem Umbau des PETRA III‐Speicherrings zu PETRA IV soll 2027 die weltweit leistungsfähigste Strahlungsquelle dieser Art in Betrieb gehen. Sie soll auch hochaufgelöste Einblicke in dynamische Prozesse, etwa chemische Reaktionen oder Phasenumwandlungen, ermöglichen.
Genetic and physical interactions between the organellar mechanosensitive ion channel homologs MSL1, MSL2, and MSL3 reveal a role for inter‐organellar communication in plant development
Authors: Lee Josephine S. , Wilson Margaret E. , Richardson Ryan A. , Haswell Elizabeth S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlant development requires communication on many levels, including between cells and between organelles within a cell. For example, mitochondria and plastids have been proposed to be sensors of environmental stress and to coordinate their responses. Here we present evidence for communication between mitochondria and chloroplasts during leaf and root development, based on genetic and physical interactions between three Mechanosensitive channel of Small conductance‐Like (MSL) proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana. MSL proteins are Arabidopsis homologs of the bacterial Mechanosensitive channel of Small conductance (MscS), which relieves cellular osmotic pressure to protect against lysis during hypoosmotic shock. MSL1 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane, while MSL2 and MSL3 localize to the inner plastid membrane and are required to maintain plastid osmotic homeostasis during normal growth and development. In this study, we characterized the phenotypic effect of a genetic lesion in MSL1, both in wild type and in msl2 msl3 mutant backgrounds. msl1 single mutants appear wild type for all phenotypes examined. The characteristic leaf rumpling in msl2 msl3 double mutants was exacerbated in the msl1 msl2 msl3 triple mutant. However, the introduction of the msl1 lesion into the msl2 msl3 mutant background suppressed other msl2 msl3 mutant phenotypes, including ectopic callus formation, accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the shoot apical meristem, decreased root length, and reduced number of lateral roots. All these phenotypes could be recovered by molecular complementation with a transgene containing a wild type version of MSL1. In yeast‐based interaction studies, MSL1 interacted with itself, but not with MSL2 or MSL3. These results establish that the abnormalities observed in msl2 msl3 double mutants is partially dependent on the presence of functional MSL1 and suggest a possible role for communication between plastid and mitochondria in seedling development.
Torches, Candles, Lamps, Lanterns, Flashlights, Spotlights, Night Vision Goggles… You Need Them All to See in Darkness
Authors: Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArticles assembled in the second part of this Special Issue describe some experimental and computational approaches for the structural and functional characterization of intrinsically disordered proteins. Since these tools represent specialized gear for the focused analysis of various aspects of dark proteome, they can be viewed as torches, candles, lamps, lanterns, flashlights, spotlights, night vision goggles, and other means needed to see in darkness.
Hyundai Motorstudio Goyang
Authors: Heimrath Moritz , Eppenschwandtner Martin , Vierlinger Robert , Freund Alexander , Orlinski Adam , Preisinger Clemens , Hofmann Arne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDer Entwurf von Delugan Meissl Associated Architects aus Wien für das Hyundai Automotive Motorstudio ging 2011 als Wettbewerbssieger hervor und dient künftig als Vorbild für internationale Standorte der Automobilmarke. Es wurde ein polygonal geformter, scheinbar schwebender Baukörper mit einer großzügig transparenten Fassade im Erdgeschoss entworfen, der sich in die Hauptelemente „Landscape” – eine urbane begehbare Fläche, „Vertical Green” – vertikale erschließende Verbindungselemente und „Shaped Sky” – ein großes Volumen, welches das Dach bildet, gliedert.Das Tragwerk stellt bis auf die Gebäudekerne aus Stahlbeton eine räumliche Fachwerksstruktur dar. Besondere Tragwerkselemente, wie z. B. die Stützencluster, Gruppen sehr schlanker Stützen in Anlehnung an einen Bambuswald, stellen einen integrativen Bestandteil der architektonischen Gestaltung dar. Bei der Entwicklung der architektonischen Form und der Tragwerksgeometrie wurde ein integrativer und weitestgehend parametrischer Prozess entwickelt, der, basierend auf selbst entwickelten Programmen wie Karamba3D und Octopus, erst die Umsetzung des Projekts unter den gegebenen Rahmenbedingungen und Qualitätsanforderungen ermöglichte.Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Entwicklung der großzügigen und transparenten Fassade gelegt, welche den höchsten technischen und ästhetischen Anforderungen gerecht werden musste.