bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary Information and Learning Traps*
Authors: Liang Annie , Mu Xiaosheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe develop a model of social learning from complementary information: short-lived agents sequentially choose from a large set of flexibly correlated information sources for prediction of an unknown state, and information is passed down across periods. Will the community collectively acquire the best kinds of information? Long-run outcomes fall into one of two cases: (i) efficient information aggregation, where the community eventually learns as fast as possible; (ii) “learning traps,” where the community gets stuck observing suboptimal sources and information aggregation is inefficient. Our main results identify a simple property of the underlying informational complementarities that determines which occurs. In both regimes, we characterize which sources are observed in the long run and how often.
Tax incentives for R&D: supporting innovative scale-ups?
Authors: Mitchell Jessica , Testa Giuseppina , Sanchez Martinez Miguel , Cunningham Paul N , Szkuta Katarzyna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of tax incentives targeting young innovative firms and broader R&D tax incentives where effects on young firms are observed. It examines effects on R&D additionality, R&D wages, employment growth, turnover growth, and sales growth from innovative activities. It draws on academic literature and policy evaluation studies and uses a mixed-method approach based on evaluation synthesis. Evidence on the effectiveness of tax incentives on young and small firms’ employment and economic performance is relatively limited, largely due to a dearth of evaluations. This analysis, based on a limited number of studies, finds that with regard to R&D additionality, generic R&D tax incentives tend to have a larger, or at least as large, effect on young companies, both when compared with companies of average age (with the exception of a study on an Irish tax instrument), and when compared with grants and loans. Some evidence also shows a positive effect on wages. More limited evidence shows that R&D tax incentives targeted at young companies tend to have positive effects on R&D intensity and wages, but that effects decrease relatively if combined with other instruments such as subsidies. With regard to output additionality, generic R&D tax incentives have a limited impact on innovation for all companies and a positive impact on turnover, turnover share of new products or services and labour productivity. There is some evidence of positive effects on employment, productivity, sales and added-value of targeted measures, but these results should be validated using more robust methods.
The dual orexinergic receptor antagonist DORA-22 improves the sleep disruption and memory impairment produced by a rodent insomnia model
Authors: Gamble Mackenzie C , Katsuki Fumi , McCoy John G , Strecker Robert E , McKenna James Timothy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInsomnia-related sleep disruption can contribute to impaired learning and memory. Treatment of insomnia should ideally improve the sleep profile while minimally affecting mnemonic function, yet many hypnotic drugs (e.g. benzodiazepines) are known to impair memory. Here, we used a rat model of insomnia to determine whether the novel hypnotic drug DORA-22, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, improves mild stress-induced insomnia with minimal effect on memory. Animals were first trained to remember the location of a hidden platform (acquisition) in the Morris Water Maze and then administered DORA-22 (10, 30, or 100 mg/kg doses) or vehicle control. Animals were then subjected to a rodent insomnia model involving two exposures to dirty cages over a 6-hr time period (at time points 0 and 3 hr), followed immediately by a probe trial in which memory of the water maze platform location was evaluated. DORA-22 treatment improved the insomnia-related sleep disruption—wake was attenuated and NREM sleep was normalized. REM sleep amounts were enhanced compared with vehicle treatment for one dose (30 mg/kg). In the first hour of insomnia model exposure, DORA-22 promoted the number and average duration of NREM sleep spindles, which have been previously proposed to play a role in memory consolidation (all doses). Water maze measures revealed probe trial performance improvement for select doses of DORA-22, including increased time spent in the platform quadrant (10 and 30 mg/kg) and time spent in platform location and number of platform crossings (10 mg/kg only). In conclusion, DORA-22 treatment improved insomnia-related sleep disruption and memory consolidation deficits.
Clustering of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Children and Adolescents in a Rural Community in Ondo, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Akinbodewa Akinwumi Ayodeji , Adejumo Ademola Oluseyi , Lamidi Oluwakemi Abiola , Adeyemi Ogunleye 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is rapidly becoming prevalent among children and adolescents with grave implications for their cardiovascular health. We set out to determine prevalence and pattern of clustering of risk factors and, identify factors (if any) that determine their clustering.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of children (3–9 years) and adolescents (10–17 years) in a rural, agrarian community. Their blood pressure, body mass index and lipids were measured. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20.

Results
A total of 114 (M : F, 1 : 1.1) subjects were studied. The mean age of children and adolescents were 5.6 ± 2.1 and 12.9 ± 2.2 years respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were elevated non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c; 39.5%), low HDL-c (33.3%), prehypertension (12.3%) and overweight (9.6%). The prevalence of hypertension was higher among females (11.9% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.024) and adolescents (13.2% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.037). Serum levels of non-HDL-c was higher among adolescents than children (50.9% vs. 29.5%, p = 0.013). At least one risk factor was present in 68.4% of the subjects. Clustering of two and three risk factors were present in 18.4% and 6.1%. The presence of prehypertension (χ2 23.93, p &lt; .001), hypertension (χ2 12.19, p = 0.002), high serum non-HDL-c (χ2 6.336, p = 0.011) and high serum total cholesterol (TC; χ2 8.810, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Conclusion
The burden of cardiometabolic risk factors among children and adolescents is high. Identified determinants of risk factor clustering were prehypertension, hypertension, non-HDL-c and TC.
Trigger finger
Authors: Matthews Amber , Smith Kristen , Read Laura , Nicholas Joyce , Schmidt Eric 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Stenosing flexor tenosynovitis, more commonly known as trigger finger, is one of the most common causes of hand pain and dysfunction. Clinicians must be able to identify the disorder, know the broad range of treatment options, and counsel patients on the treatment best suited for their condition. Awareness of the economic burden each option entails is central to optimizing treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Managing hyponatremia
Authors: Boyle Rebecca 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Despite the high incidence of hyponatremia, the correct approach to management, particularly in patients with severe hyponatremia (serum sodium of 120 mEq/L or less), is controversial. This article reviews two major consensus guidelines and recent studies that can help clinicians make evidence-based treatment decisions and reduce patient risk for iatrogenic osmotic demyelination from overly aggressive treatment.
Years of Life Lost due to Opioid Overdose in Ohio: Temporal and Geographic Patterns of Excess Mortality
Authors: Hall O. Trent , Hall Orman E. , McGrath Ryan P. , Haile Zelalem T. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
The aim of the study was to quantify the burden of premature mortality because of opioid overdose in Ohio, document the role of fentanyl poisoning in contribution to this evolving epidemic, examine geographic, demographic, and temporal patterns of mortality burden within Ohio, and measure the effect of opioid overdose on lifespan in the state.

Methods:
A serial cross-sectional analysis was performed for all fatal opioid poisonings (N = 12,782) in the state of Ohio between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2016. The burden of fatal opioid overdose was calculated in Years of Life Lost (YLL). YLL were mapped with respect to geographic and cultural region. The geographic spread of fentanyl poisoning was also mapped, and the shifting contribution of fentanyl poisoning to overall opioid mortality burden was assessed over time. Finally, the negative effect of opioid overdose on average lifespan was calculated.

Results:
Opioid overdose resulted in 508,451 total YLL. In the year 2016 alone, there were 136,679 YLL attributable to opioid poisoning. Fentanyl-related YLL rose from 7.5% of all YLL because of opioid overdose in 2010 to 69.0% in 2016. In the same year, opioid overdose lowered the lifespan of an average Ohioan by 0.97 years.

Conclusions:
Fatal opioid overdose accounted for over half a million YLL in Ohio during the 7-year study period. Opioid overdose mortality rose annually. Fentanyl involved overdoses accounted for a growing proportion of excess mortality. Burden was not equally distributed within the state. Two distinct geographical clusters of excess mortality were identified in the northeast and south.
Conformity and Changes in the Radiological Neck and Shoulder Balance Parameters Throughout 3-Year Follow-up Period
Authors: Chiu Chee Kidd , Chan Chris Yin Wei , Tan Pheng Hian , Goh Saw Huan , Ng Sherwin Johan , Chian Xue Han , Ng Yun Hui , Ler Xin Yi , Chandren Josephine Rebecca , Chung Weng Hong , Kwan Mun Keong 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the conformity of the radiological neck and shoulder balance parameters throughout a follow-up period of more than 2 years.

Summary of Background Data.
Postoperative shoulder and neck imbalance are undesirable features among Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients who underwent Posterior Spinal Fusion. There are many clinical and radiological parameters used to assess this clinical outcome. However, we do not know whether these radiological parameters conform throughout the entire follow-up period.

Methods.
This was a retrospective study done in a single academic institution. Inclusion criteria were patients with scoliosis who underwent posterior instrumented spinal fusion with pedicle screw fixation and attended all scheduled follow-ups for at least 24 months postoperatively. Radiological shoulder parameters were measured from both preoperative antero-posterior and postoperative antero-posterior radiographs. Lateral shoulder parameters were: Radiographic Shoulder Height, Clavicle Angle (Cla-A), Clavicle-Rib Intersection Difference, and Coracoid Height Difference. Medial shoulder and neck parameters were: T1 Tilt and Cervical Axis (CA).

Results.
The radiographs of 50 patients who had surgery done from November 2013 to November 2015 were analyzed. Mean age of this cohort was 16.3 ± 7.0 years. There were 38 (76%) female patients and 12 (24%) male patients. Mean final follow-up was 38.6 ± 5.8 months. When conformity assessment of the radiological parameter using the interclass coefficient correlation was done, we found that all parameters had significant correlation (P < 0.05). T1 tilt (0.78) had good reliability, CA (0.47), Clavicle-Rib Intersection Difference (0.43), and Coracoid Height Difference (0.40) had moderate reliability and Radiographic Shoulder Height (0.22) and Cla-A (0.13) had poor reliability.

Conclusion.
All the radiological shoulder and neck balance parameters studied were conformed and suitable to be used to assess the patient postoperatively. Amongst these radiological parameters, T1 tilt followed by CA recorded to be the most reliable parameters over time.

Level of Evidence: 4
Panniculitis-Like Presentation of Extracavitary Primary Effusion Lymphoma
Authors: Saggini Andrea , Di Prete Monia , Facchetti Simone , Rapisarda Vito Mario , Anemona Lucia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract:
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is defined as a HHV-8-associated large B-cell lymphoma, which favors HIV-infected young adults, typically presenting as a serous (pleural, pericardial, or peritoneal) effusion with no identifiable tumor mass. Uncommon instances of lymphoid proliferations with the same morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular features as PEL, but occurring as a solid tumor mass without serous cavities involvement, have been termed extracavitary (or solid) variant of PEL. We hereby report the exceptional case of a HIV-associated extracavitary PEL primarily localized to the skin and exhibiting a panniculitis-like presentation. Primary cutaneous presentation of extracavitary PEL is exceedingly uncommon, with only 6 cases previously described in the literature. In light of its atypical immunophenotype, the differential diagnosis in case of skin involvement by extracavitary PEL is challenging: demonstration of HHV-8 infection in neoplastic cells is of pivotal importance. Our case is further atypical in that the lymphoid proliferation underwent complete and protracted regression solely by establishment of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Effects of high-quality nursing care on psychological outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Li Xiao-Qing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
This study will assess the effects of high quality nursing care (HQNC) on psychological outcomes (PCO) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).

Methods:
We will carry out a through search in 7 databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Eligibility criteria will be randomized controlled trials on assessing effects of HQNC on PCO in patients with CHF. Cochrane risk of bias evaluation will be utilized for methodological quality.

Results:
This proposed study will summarize a rational synthesis of current evidence for HQNC on PCO in patients with CHF.

Conclusion:
The results of this study will provide convinced evidence for judging the effects of HQNC on PCO in patients with CHF.
Obstetric and perinatal outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection for infertile men with Y chromosome microdeletions
Authors: Xi Qi , Zhang Zhihong , Wang Ruixue , Li Linlin , Li Leilei , Zhu Haibo , Liu Ruizhi , Luo Lili 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background:
To evaluate the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for men with Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions.

Methods:
Twenty-five men with Y chromosome microdeletions and their partners underwent ICSI treatment. These subjects were matched against 50 ICSI cycles in which the patients had normal Y chromosomes.

Results:
Among the 25 couples, 17 achieved a clinical pregnancy of which 14 continued to a live birth. Sixteen men had deletions of AZFc markers (sY152, sY254, and sY255), 1 had a deletion of sY152, 3 had a deletion of sY254, sY255, 1 had a deletion of sY152, sY239, Sy242, sY254, and sY255, and 3 had deletions of sY152, sY254, sY255, and sY157. AZFb microdeletions (sY127, sY134, and sY143) were found in 1 patient. AZF microdeletions had no adverse effects on the clinical pregnancy, implantation or delivery rates, birth weight, gestational age, or sex ratio when compared with the control group. Overall, the multiple gestation and preterm delivery rates of the AZF microdeletion group were similar to those in the control group.

Conclusion:
Men with AZF microdeletions can achieve the delivery of healthy children using ICSI. In this series, it produced good implantation rate and obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
Lowest Case Fatality Rate for Patients With Acute Pancreatitis Admitted in Gastroenterology Units in Veneto Region, Italy
Authors: Cavallaro Lucas Giovanni , Germanà Bastianello , Venerito Marino , Frulloni Luca , Farinati Fabio , Gabbrielli Armando , Saia Mario 
Published: October 2019

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate trends in hospitalizations and outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) according to first admitting hospital unit and hospital volumes.

Methods
Hospital discharge records of patients with AP admitted in the Veneto Region (Northeast Italy) during the period 2001–2015 were examined.

Results
A total of 23,389 patients (54% males; mean age, 62.2 years; standard deviation, 19.3 years) were admitted for AP. Both hospitalization (32.4 to 29.5/100,000 inhabitants per year; P < 0.05) and in-hospital mortality (1.41 to 0.79/100,000 inhabitants per year; P < 0.05) decreased over the study period. Case fatality rate was altogether 3.2%. The percentages of patients admitted in surgery, nongastroenterology medical units, gastroenterology, and intensive care were 52%, 30%, 16%, and 2%, respectively. Fewer fatalities were observed in gastroenterology units (1.7%) compared with nongastroenterology medical units (4.3%; odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.49) and surgical units (2.7%; odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.80). Fatalities decreased progressively with increasing hospital volumes from 3.7% to 2.9% (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
In the Veneto Region, both hospitalizations and in-hospital mortality for AP significantly decreased over the last 15 years. Case fatality rate was lowest for patients admitted in gastroenterology units.
Acupuncture for Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Kai , Gao Chao , Li Chengyu , Li Yan , Wang Shenjun , Tang Qilin , Zhao Chen , Zhai Jingbo 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of acupuncture plus routine treatment (RT) for acute pancreatitis (AP).MethodsLiterature searches were performed in 8 databases up to October 31, 2018. Randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture plus RT with RT alone for AP were included.ResultsTwelve eligible studies were included finally. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture plus RT compared with RT alone could significantly improve the total effective rate and gastrointestinal function and reduce the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II score, tumor necrosis factor α count, the time of resuming to diets, and the length of hospital stay. Only 3 of the studies reported adverse events or reactions.ConclusionsThis study suggested that acupuncture combined with RT may be effective for AP. However, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the current findings.
Validation of an Affordable Handheld Wavefront Autorefractor
Authors: Rubio Marcos , Hernández Carlos S. , Seco Enrique , Perez-Merino Pablo , Casares Ignacio , Dave Shivang R. , Lim Daryl , Durr Nicholas J. , Lage Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
There is a critical need for tools that increase the accessibility of eye care to address the most common cause of vision impairment: uncorrected refractive errors. This work assesses the performance of an affordable autorefractor, which could help reduce the burden of this health care problem in low-resource communities.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to validate the commercial version of a portable wavefront autorefractor for measuring refractive errors.

METHODS
Refraction was performed without cycloplegia using (1) a standard clinical procedure consisting of an objective measurement with a desktop autorefractor followed by subjective refraction (SR) and (2) with the handheld autorefractor. Agreement between both methods was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis and by comparing the visual acuity (VA) with trial frames set to the resulting measurements.

RESULTS
The study was conducted on 54 patients (33.9 ± 14.1 years of age) with a spherical equivalent (M) refraction determined by SR ranging from −7.25 to 4.25 D (mean ± SD, −0.93 ± 1.95 D). Mean differences between the portable autorefractor and SR were 0.09 ± 0.39, −0.06 ± 0.13, and 0.02 ± 0.12 D for M, J
0, and J
45, respectively. The device agreed within 0.5 D of SR in 87% of the eyes for spherical equivalent power. The average VAs achieved from trial lenses set to the wavefront autorefractor and SR results were 0.02 ± 0.015 and 0.015 ± 0.042 logMAR units, respectively. Visual acuity resulting from correction based on the device was the same as or better than that achieved by SR in 87% of the eyes.

CONCLUSIONS
This study found excellent agreement between the measurements obtained with the portable autorefractor and the prescriptions based on SR and only small differences between the VA achieved by either method.
Validation of a Clinical Aberrometer Using Pyramidal Wavefront Sensing
Authors: Singh Neeraj K. , Jaskulski Matt , Ramasubramanian Viswanathan , Meyer Dawn , Reed Olivia , Rickert Martin E. , Bradley Arthur , Kollbaum Pete S. 
Published: October 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Measurement of ocular aberrations is a critical component of many optical corrections.

PURPOSE
This study examines the accuracy and repeatability of a newly available high-resolution pyramidal wavefront sensor–based aberrometer (Osiris by Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici, Firenze, Italy).

METHODS
An engineered model eye and a dilated presbyopic eye were used to assess accuracy and repeatability of aberration measurements after systematic introduction of lower- and higher-order aberrations with calibrated trial lenses (sphere +10.00 to −10.00 D, and astigmatic −4.00 and −2.00 D with axis 180, 90, and 45°) and phase plates (−0.57 to 0.60 μm of Seidel spherical aberration defined over a 6-mm pupil diameter). Osiris aberration measurements were compared with those acquired on a previously calibrated COAS-HD aberrometer for foveal and peripheral optics both with and without multizone dual-focus contact lenses. The impact of simulated axial and lateral misalignment was evaluated.

RESULTS
Root-mean-square errors for paraxial sphere (corneal plane), cylinder, and axis were, respectively, 0.07, 0.11 D, and 1.8° for the engineered model and 0.15, 0.26 D, and 2.7° for the presbyopic eye. Repeatability estimates (i.e., standard deviation of 10 repeat measures) for the model and presbyopic eyes were 0.026 and 0.039 D for spherical error. Root-mean-square errors of 0.01 and 0.02 μm, respectively, were observed for primary spherical aberration and horizontal coma (model eye). Foveal and peripheral measures of higher- and lower-order aberrations measured with the Osiris closely matched parallel data collected with the COAS-HD aberrometer both with and without dual-focus zonal bifocal contact lenses. Operator errors of focus and alignment introduced changes of 0.018 and 0.02 D/mm in sphere estimates.

CONCLUSIONS
The newly available clinical pyramidal aberrometer provided accurate and repeatable measures of lower- and higher-order aberrations, even in the challenging but clinically important cases of peripheral retina and multifocal optics.