bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meiofauna of the industrialised estuary and Firth of Forth, Scotland
Authors: Moore C. G. 
Published: May 2019

SynopsisKnowledge concerning the meiofauna of the Forth is reviewed and extended by presentation of the results of new surveys of the intertidal and subtidal provinces of the estuary. Most of the published information concerns the influence of sewage pollution on shores of the firth. Before 1979, the meiofaunal communities of sandy beaches along the Edinburgh coastline exhibited reduced species richness, although certain taxa displayed enhanced densities. Improvements in the sewage treatment process have initiated a phase of meiofaunal recovery.In the estuary the salinity regime plays a key role in the determination of species composition, although the influence of local changes in sediment type and stability is recognised. Meiofaunal communities of lower shore mudflats in different salinity zones of the estuary are described. Pollution plays a major modifying role. In the upper reaches of the estuary, which suffer oxygen depletion in summer, only nematodes and oligochaetes were recorded in the oligohaline zone and impoverished nematode and copepod faunas in the mesohaline zone. In the polyhaline zone discharges from the industrialised region around Grangemouth modify meiofaunal community structure over an extensive area of mudflat. The subtidal meiofauna of the lower estuary is briefly described, particularly with respect to the copepods. Impoverishment again occurs in the vicinity of Grangemouth.
Genetic Moralism and Health
Authors: TAKALA TUIJA 
Published: May 2019

Abstract:This article examines the moralistic language and arguments used in relation to genetics. The focus is on three practices: (1) the claims that there is a duty to know about one’s own genetic makeup, (2) assertions that genetic information should be used to inform reproductive decisions, and (3) the proposition that there are moral reasons to participate in biobank research. With these three, the author contends that there are equally good, if not better, arguments to challenge them from a Millian perspective. Furthermore, especially in the current political climate, there is a need to respect people’s privacy concerns.
Disadvantages of Overcorrecting Acidemia in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Meuret G.H. , Mussler M. 
Published: May 2019

Rapid and repeated administration of concentrated NaHCO3 solutions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has become routine since the advent of modern resuscitation techniques (1), although it has been pointed out since the early 1960s that acidemia results from prolonged arrest time and that brief arrests may not require NaHCO3 administration (6,8,13). In spite of the widespread use of large amounts of NaHCO3 there is no convincing evidence that the routine use of this drug offers a clear benefit. Only a few studies have been undertaken to ascertain the role of acidosis and acidemia in survival from cardiac arrest, and the possibility of overcorrecting with NaHCO3 in CPR cases (3,4,8,11). Therefore, the intention of this study was: 1) to clarify the role of acidemia in CPR; 2) to investigate the effects of overcorrection of acidemia (leading to metabolic alkalemia; 3) to test the accurate doses of NaHCO3; 4) to examine the optimal sequence of drug administration in CPR, i.e., whether NaHCO3 or epinephrine should be administered as the first drug.During attempts at restoring spontaneous circulation (CPCR Phase II, advanced life support) (12), and during post-CPR prolonged life support (CPCR Phase III) (12), measurements were made in dogs following resuscitation from asphyxial cardiac arrest. The model and methods used have been described in the preceding paper of this Journal. Asphyxial cardiac arrest (mechanical asystole, electromechanical dissociation) was reversed with open-chest CPR and defibrillation as necessary to 20 min max.
German Helicopter Ambulance Service
Authors: Köhler Alexander , Dürner Peter 
Published: May 2019

The aim of primary air rescue is to assist the ground-level rescue services by bringing emergency physicians and rescue assistants more quickly to the scene of the accident, and, if necessary, to carry but the swiftest possible and most careful transport of emergency patients to the nearest suitable hospital. Furthermore, the rescue helicopter can substitute for the ambulance car in case of unsuitable terrain, or in certain climatic conditions.Limitations of helicopter services include night, certain weather conditions, cost and distance. Helicopters are centered in Air Rescue Centres which have an operational radius of 30-50 km. Expense permits only one helicopter to be stationed in each center, but if the helicopter is not able to fly, a replacement machine must be available immediately. Secondary rescue operations should be taken over by neighboring centers.In 1983, the Federal Republic of Germany had 36 officially recognized helicopter centers concerned with primary air rescue. They are supported by the Federal Home Office (emergency control) (18 centers), the Army (6), the German Air Rescue (5), the ADAC (German Automobile Club) (4), and other organizations (3). The Swiss Air Rescue in Basel, Switzerland covers Germany's area of South Baden, and the French Air Rescue in Strasbourg covers middle Baden.
Undergraduate Disaster Relief Missions: The Depauw University Experience
Authors: Boswell Roger W. , Lamar William Fred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDePauw University operates yearly mission projects in disaster areas of Central and South America. Since 1976, 26 missions in 8 countries have been conducted. With the guidance of international health and engineering professionals, over 500 undergraduate student volunteers have managed the planning, execution, and outcome review aspects of the projects. This paper examines and summarizes the work to date, emphasizing the vital interactions between volunteers and the local health communities. We conclude that ongoing disaster relief projects such as ours serve a useful purpose in the delivery of disaster relief services.
Essais d'épandage au sol de la deltaméthrine poudre mouillable à différentes doses contre Glossina palpalis (s.l.) dans une zone préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Sékétéli A. , Johannes L. , Van de Laar M. , Kuzoe F. A. S. 
Published: May 2019

RésuméDes essais d'épandage au sol de deltaméthrine poudre mouillable 2,5% (NRDC 161) ont été effectués en janvier et novembre 1981 dans le foyer à Trypanosomiase humaine de Bouaflé, Côte d'Ivoire. Ces essais visaient à évaluer l'effet de différentes doses de ce pyréthrinoïde de synthèse sur la densité apparente par piègeage de G. palpalis (s.l.), vecteur de la maladie du sommeil dans la zone concernée. Trois doses ont été testées: 60 g de matière active (g.m.a.) par hectare à la concentration de 0,08% en janvier; 20 et 12 g.m.a./ha en novembre, aux concentrations de 0,027 et 0,016% respectivement. Pour chaque dose donnée, les traitements ont été exécutés une suele fois et à l'aide d'atomiseurs portatifs, Solo Port 423 de 5 m de portée. Les effets immédiats, à court et à moyen terme de l'insecticide sont très satisfaisants qu'il s'agisse des doses de 60 et 20 g.m.a./ha ou de la plus faible dose de 12 g.m.a./ha: taux de réduction de la densité apparente (D.A.P.) du vecteur compris dans l'ensemble entre 90 et 98% durant les deux premiers mois après traitement, quelle que soit la dose. A long terme, des taux de réduction dépassant 95% ont été obtenus jusqu'à 4 mois après épandage même avec la plus faible dose de 12 g.m.a./ha. La plus forte dose de 60 g.m.a./ha ne semble apporter aucun gain appréciable ni dans les taux de mortalité du vecteur, ni dans la rémanence de l'insecticide dans la zone d'étude. Afin de diminuer le cout en insecticide d'une éventuelle campagne de lutte chimique antiglossine et de sauvegarder au mieux les ressources de l'environnement, il est donc recommandé que la deltaméthrine p.m. en épandage au sol et en traitement rémanent, soit utilisée à la dose de 12 g.m.a./ha.
Maternal gut microbiota is associated with newborn anthropometrics in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Sato Yumi , Sakurai Kenichi , Tanabe Hiromi , Kato Tamotsu , Nakanishi Yumiko , Ohno Hiroshi , Mori Chisato 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMaternal gut microbiota is thought to be one of the important factors in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) concept, but the effects of maternal gut microbiota on foetal growth are not well known. In this study, the association between maternal gut microbiota and foetal growth was investigated. Maternal and newborn information, as well as stool samples at the third trimester of pregnancy, were obtained from 51 mother–newborn pairs from the Chiba study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH). Gut microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool were analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. After adjustment for covariates, it was found that maternal gut microbial diversity had a positive association with head circumference in newborn males (Chao 1: adjusted r = 0.515, p = 0.029). Genus Parabacteroides and genus Eggerthella showed negative associations with newborn head circumference and weight, respectively in males (genus Parabacteroides: adjusted r = −0.598, p = 0.009, genus Eggerthella: adjusted r = −0.481, p = 0.043). On the other hand, genus Streptococcus showed a negative association with newborn height in females (adjusted r = −0.413, p = 0.040). In addition, hexanoate was involved in the association between maternal gut microbiota and newborn anthropometrics in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis. These data suggest that maternal gut microbiota has sex-specific effects on foetal growth. Maternal gut microbiota is an important factor for optimal intrauterine growth.
Frictional State Evolution During Normal Stress Perturbations Probed With Ultrasonic Waves
Authors: Shreedharan Srisharan , Rivière Jacques , Bhattacharya Pathikrit , Marone Chris 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFault normal stress changes dynamically during earthquake rupture; however, the impact of these changes on dynamic frictional strength is poorly understood. Here we report on a laboratory study to investigate the effect of normal stress perturbations on the friction of westerly granite surfaces sheared under normal stresses of 1‐25 MPa. We measure changes in surface friction and elastic properties, using acoustic waves, for step changes in normal stress of 1–50% and shearing velocities of 1‐100 μm/s. We demonstrate that transmitted elastic wave amplitude is a reliable proxy for the real contact area at the fault interface at steady state. For step increases in normal stress, wave amplitude increases immediately and then continues to increase during elastic shear loading to a peak value from which it decreases as fault slip rate increases. Friction changes in a similar fashion, showing an inelastic increase over a characteristic shear displacement that is independent of loading rate. Perturbations in normal stress during shear cause excursions in the frictional slip rate that must be accounted for in order to accurately predict the evolution of fault strength and elastic properties. Our work improves understanding of induced seismicity and triggered earthquakes with particular focus on simulating static triggering and stress transfer phenomena using rate‐and‐state frictional formulations in earthquake rupture models.
Embolization of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Complicated by Bowel Ischemia
Authors: Foltz Gretchen , Khaddash Tamim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the past three decades, transcatheter arterial embolization has become the first-line therapy for the management of acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to endoscopic hemostasis. Overall, transcatheter arterial interventions have high technical and clinical success rates. This review will focus on patient presentation and technical considerations as predictors of complications from transcatheter arterial embolization in the management of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Pragmatic outcomes in the English-medium instruction context
Authors: Herraiz-Martinez Ana , Alcón-Soler Eva 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigates pragmatic development in the English-medium instruction (EMI) setting of the Valencian Community in Spain. More specifically, the study examines whether the intensity of EMI influences functional adequacy (FA) in second language (L2) writing. Participants were 102 EMI learners, each of whom wrote three motivation letters over one academic year in English. The rating scales designed byKuiken and Vedder (2017)were used to examine the FA of the written texts in terms of cohesion, coherence, task requirements, content, and comprehensibility. Quantitative results revealed significant differences among the EMI groups under analysis, suggesting that the intensity of instruction may exert an influence on FA in L2 writing. Results from this study show the importance of intensity of exposure to EMI for L2 writing.
Are abstract concepts grounded in bodily mimesis?
Authors: Jelec Anna 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this chapter I address the role of mental simulations for processing and representing abstract concepts, suggesting that abstract concepts are grounded in mimetic schemas: dynamic, concrete and preverbal representations that have been observed in early childhood development. The analysis is based on recordings of gesture and speech of a congenitally blind child gathered over the course of three years. The child displayed an early preference for using mimetic strategies to explain abstract concepts but drifted toward more language-centered strategies as she grew older. Through behavioral data collected in a case-study, I provide empirical evidence to support the hypothesis that embodied mental simulation play a crucial role in abstract concepts’ cognitive grounding.
Time domain matrix modeling in cognitive linguistic research
Authors: Bondarenko Ievgeniia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter’s objective is to elaborate the criteria for estimating the proportion of abstractness :: concreteness of the TIME concept. As a device, the time domain matrix profiles time’s ontological features such as its origin, type, qualities, antithesis, object of influence, measure unit, measuring device, and metaphoric correlates. The chapter finds that abstractness :: concreteness of the time domain matrix depends on the type of construal of the world in which it is schemed – scientific (philosophical) or poetic. An overall tendency towards increasing concreteness is identified. This research is based on a corpus of 15,000 collocations with the lexical unit time and its historical equivalents. These collocations are featured in British philosophical and poetic works from corresponding historical periods between the seventh and twentieth centuries.
Genres, media, and recontextualization practices
Authors: Gruber Helmut 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main argument put forward in this paper is that traditional linguistic genre theories neglect the importance of media and their modal affordances in the formation of new genres. It argues that media cannot be viewed as (passive) configurations of technical, semiotic, and cultural features which are chosen by actors/ rhetors in order to serve their communicative needs, but rather as mediators whose modal affordances actively influence communicators’ meaning making choices. In order to support this argument, it will be shown how forms of discourse representation gradually developed from a stylistic device in oral communication to a genre constitutive practice (e.g., in printed academic communication), and eventually became a genre of its own (as the practice of “sharing” content) in social media communication. In the analyses, the focus is on the interplay between modal affordances of the different media in which discourse representation formats are used, their formal properties, and pragmatic factors (like audience expectations in different communicative genres and situations). It is shown how innovative aspects of a medium influence formal features of discourse representation which in turn serve different communicative purposes in different genres.
Estimating growth parameters and growth variability from length frequency data using hierarchical mixture models
Authors: Batts Luke , Minto Cóilín , Gerritsen Hans , Brophy Deirdre 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnalysis of length frequency distributions from surveys is one well-known method for obtaining growth parameter estimates where direct age estimates are not available. We present a likelihood-based procedure that uses mixture models and the expectation–maximization algorithm to estimate growth parameters from length frequency data (LFEM). A basic LFEM model estimates a single set of growth parameters that produce one set of component means and standard deviations that best fits length frequency distributions over all years and surveys. The hierarchical extension incorporates bivariate random effects into the model. A hierarchical framework enables inter-annual or inter-cohort variation in some of the growth parameters to be modelled, thereby accommodating some of the natural variation that occurs in fish growth. Testing on two fish species, haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and white-bellied anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), we were able to obtain reasonable estimates of growth parameters, as well as successfully model growth variability. Estimated growth parameters showed some sensitivity to the starting values and occasionally failed to converge on biologically realistic values. This was dealt with through model selection and was partly addressed by the addition of the hierarchical extension.
Introducing Health Ministry in a Rural American Church
Authors: Abell Cathy , Blankenship Maire 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT:
Americans living in rural areas often encounter health disparities, due, in part, to lack of access to healthcare. Establishing health promotion programs in rural church settings presents opportunities for nurses and other healthcare professionals to serve their communities and live out Christian faith. This article describes a health ministry program that was successfully implemented in a small, rural church using the Healthy People 2020 MAP-IT framework.
Serum CD64 and ascitic fluid calprotectin and microRNA-155 as potential biomarkers of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Nabiel Yasmin , Barakat Ghada , Abed Sally 
Published: May 2019

Aim
Patients with ascites are at a higher risk for associated of on top bacterial infections with subsequent life-threatening complications. We aimed to evaluate CD64, calprotectin, and microRNA-155 (miR-155) levels as diagnostic markers of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and the effect of using more than one use on the same spot over their diagnostic efficiency.

Patients and methods
An observational comparative study included 103 patients with ascites admitted to the Tropical Medicine Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, divided into two groups: case group (64 patients) with ascites with SBP and control group (39 patients) with decompensated cirrhotic non-SBP ascites. Twenty milliliters of ascetic fluid was obtained from all participants for bacterial culture, and assessment of calprotectin and miR-155, in addition to 2 ml blood for the CD64 marker expression assay by a flowcytometer.

Results
The sensitivity and specificity of CD64 expression assay were 95.3 and 92.3%, respectively, area under the curve (AUC)=0.93, whereas those of ascetic fluid calprotectin and miR-155 were 87.5 and 82.1%, AUC=0.90 and 95.3 and 97.4%, with AUC of 0.95. Combined blood CD64 and ascetic fluid calprotectin had a diagnostic accuracy of 0.988 for blood CD64 and ascetic fluid miR-155, AUC=0.991, and that for ascetic fluid calprotectin and miR-155 was 0.988. On using the three studied markers together, the diagnostic accuracy was the best recorded, AUC=0.994. P values were less than 0.001.

Conclusion
CD64, calprotectin, and miR-155 were good diagnostic markers of SBP and on using this combination, greater efficiency in diagnosis was achieved.
Genome-wide identification ofPseudomonas syringaegenes required for competitive fitness during colonization of the leaf surface and apoplast
Authors: Helmann Tyler C. , Deutschbauer Adam M. , Lindow Steven E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe foliar plant pathogenPseudomonas syringaecan establish large epiphytic populations on leaf surfaces before infection. However, the bacterial genes that contribute to these lifestyles have not been completely defined. The fitness contributions of most genes inP. syringaepv.syringaeB728a were determined by genome-wide fitness profiling with a randomly barcoded transposon mutant library that was grown on the leaf surface and in the apoplast of the susceptible plantPhaseolus vulgaris. Genes within the functional categories of amino acid and polysaccharide (including alginate) biosynthesis contributed most to fitness both on the leaf surface (epiphytic) or in the leaf interior (apoplast), while genes in the type III secretion system and syringomycin synthesis were primarily important in the apoplast. Numerous other genes that had not been previously associated within plantagrowth were also required for maximum epiphytic or apoplastic fitness. Many hypothetical proteins and uncategorized glycosyltransferases were also required for maximum competitive fitness in and on leaves. For most genes, no relationship was seen between fitnessin plantaand either the magnitude of their expressionin plantaor degree of inductionin plantacompared toin vitroconditions measured in other studies. A lack of association of gene expression and fitness has important implications for the interpretation of transcriptional information and our broad understanding of plant-microbe interactions.Significance StatementMany plant pathogenic bacteria can extensively colonize leaf surfaces before entry and multiplication within the leaf to cause disease. While these habitats presumably require distinct adaptations, the genes required in these habitats and how they would differ was unknown. Using a genome-wide library of barcoded insertional mutants in the plant pathogenPseudomonas syringae, we ascertained the common and unique genes required to colonize these habitats. A lack of association between gene expression and contribution to fitness suggests that many genes that are highly expressed or inducedin plantaare dispensable or redundant. As a model bacterium for plant pathogenesis and colonization, our comprehensive genetic dataset allows us to better understand the traits needed for association with leaves.