bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading Prosody: A Listening Guide for Teachers
Authors: Sáez Leilani , Whitney Makayla , Nese Joseph F. T. , Alonzo Julie , Nese Rhonda N. T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProsody is an important indicator of reading development, but many teachers are unclear about how it can help students improve their reading fluency. Beyond demonstrating expressive or flowing reading, specific components of reading prosody can distinctly reveal how well word recognition and comprehension processes coalesce, providing teachers with useful information for their instruction. In this article, we review the research on reading prosody to clarify how differences in intonation, amplitude, and timing components distinguish struggling and strong readers. In addition, we discuss reading prosody considerations for classroom assessment and intervention by sharing insights drawn from educators trained to evaluate it systematically. We aim to clarify how teachers can use these reading prosody components to enhance classroom reading fluency practices.
Safety of thyroidectomy as day care surgery at a rural setting in Eastern Uganda
Authors: Okello Damoi Joseph , Abeshouse Marnie , Giibwa Angellica , Binoga Moses , Yu Allen T. , Okeny Paul K. , Divino Celia , Marin Michael L. , Lee Denise 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe practice of day care surgery is less embraced in many low‐middle‐income countries (LMIC), and even less for some procedures considered major such as thyroidectomy. Here we examine the safety of day care thyroidectomy at Kyabirwa Surgical Center, a stand‐alone day care surgery center in rural Eastern Uganda.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted between 2019 and 2023. All patients who had day care thyroidectomy were included. Demographics, diagnosis, investigation findings, pathology reports, and surgery outcomes were collected. Postoperative follow‐up data up to 30 days were also collected. Data were analyzed using R version 4.3.2.ResultsA total of 51 patients underwent same‐day thyroidectomy, with an average age of 44.9 ± 12.1 years and 98% female. Procedures included total thyroidectomy (5, 9.8%), subtotal thyroidectomy (26, 51.0%), and lobectomy (20, 39.2%). Average size of the glands was 7.9 ± 2.21 cm. The majority 46 (90.2%) were of benign pathology. All patients were discharged by the evening of the same day. Complications encountered included hypocalcemia (1), hypertrophic scar (1), seroma (2), and transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (1). Overall complications rate was 9.8%. Gland size was statistically significant between patients with no complications (7.68 ± 2.06 cm) versus complications (9.90 ± 2.82, p < 0.05).ConclusionWith overall low complication rates, these findings suggest that thyroidectomy can safely be performed on a day care basis in a rural LMIC setting with suboptimal health care delivery.
3d Carrollian Chern-Simons theory & 2d Yang-Mills
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Lipstein Arthur , Mandlik Mangesh , Mehra Aditya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the goal of building a concrete co-dimension one holographically dual field theory for four dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes (4d AFS) as a limit of AdS4/CFT3, we begin an investigation of 3d Chern-Simons matter (CSM) theories in the Carroll regime. We perform a Carroll (speed of light c → 0) expansion of the relativistic Chern-Simons action coupled to a massless scalar and obtain Carrollian CSM theories, which we show are invariant under the infinite dimensional 3d conformal Carroll or 4d Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS4) symmetries, thus making them putative duals for 4d AFS. Concentrating on the leading-order electric Carroll CSM theory, we perform a null reduction of the 3d theory. Null reduction is a procedure to obtain non-relativistic theories from a higher dimensional relativistic theory. Curiously, null reduction of a Carrollian theory yields a relativistic lower-dimensional theory. We work with SU(N) × SU(M) CS theory coupled to bi-fundamental matter and show that when N = M, we obtain (rather surprisingly) a 2d Euclidean Yang-Mills theory after null reduction. We also comment on the reduction when N ≠ M and possible connections of the null-reduced Carroll theory to a candidate 2d Celestial CFT.
Superconformal monodromy defects in ABJM and mABJM theory
Authors: Arav Igal , Gauntlett Jerome P. , Jiao Yusheng , Roberts Matthew M. , Rosen Christopher 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study D = 11 supergravity solutions which are dual to one-dimensional superconformal defects in d = 3 SCFTs. We consider defects in ABJM theory with monodromy for U(1)4 ⊂ SO(8) global symmetry, as well as in 𝒩 = 2 mABJM SCFT, which arises from the RG flow of a mass deformation of ABJM theory, with monodromy for U(1)3 ⊂ SU(3) × U(1) global symmetry. We show that the defects of the two SCFTs are connected by a line of bulk marginal mass deformations and argue that they are also related by bulk RG flow. In all cases we allow for the possibility of conical singularities at the location of the defect. Various physical observables of the defects are computed including the defects conformal weight and the partition function, as well as associated supersymmetric Renyi entropies.
Initial surgical management of injuries to the lower extremities in patients with multiple and/or severe injuries – A systematic review and clinical practice guideline update
Authors: Jensen Kai Oliver , Prediger Barbara , Könsgen Nadja , Teuben Michel Paul Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Our aim was to develop new evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations for the initial inhospital management of lower-extremity injuries in patients with multiple and/or severe trauma. This guideline topic is part of the 2022 update of the German Guideline on the Treatment of Patients with multiple and/or severe Injuries.

Methods
MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched to May 2021. Randomised controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, and comparative registry studies were included if they compared interventions for the initial surgical and non-surgical management of fractures, dislocations or vascular injuries of the lower extremities in patients with multiple and/or severe trauma. We considered patient-relevant clinical outcomes such as mortality, complication rates, length of stay, and function. Risk of bias was assessed using NICE 2012 checklists. The evidence was synthesised narratively, and expert consensus was used to develop recommendations and determine their strength.

Results
Eleven studies were identified. They addressed time to definitive fixation (n = 10 studies) and amputation (n = 1). Two new recommendations were developed, one was modified. All recommendations achieved strong consensus.

Conclusion
This systematic literature review and subsequent expert consensus process resulted in the following new key recommendations. It is recommended that isolated and multiple lower-extremity fractures are managed with primary definitive fixation in patients whose condition is stable. Patients condition is not considered stable should be managed with primary temporary fixation. In addition, it is recommended that dislocations of the lower extremities are reduced and immobilised as early as possible.
Enhancing the cooling performance of thermocouples: a power-constrained topology optimization procedure
Authors: Gutiérrez G. Reales , Keulen F. van , Goosen J. F. L. , Aragón A. M. , Bornheim A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeat pumping through thermoelectric devices has many advantages over traditional cooling. However, their current efficiency is a limiting factor in their implementation. In this paper, we approach the non-convex topology optimization of thermoelectrical elements for cooling applications through the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) to improve their cooling capabilities per watt usage. The optimization problem is defined for a given power budget, aiming for the minimum temperature with a known heat pumping need. The introduction of power as a constraint justifies the introduction of the voltage gradient across the thermocouple as a design variable to maintain the thermoelectrical device in its optimum power-to-heat extraction ratio. To better understand the convergence of this non-convex problem, we present a two-variable analytical thermoelectric optimization model. This example provides information on how to select the penalty parameters used to scale the three material coefficients involved in the problem to obtain lower objective values and better convergence using MMA. The analytical model shows the non-convexity of the problem and provides the recommendation to use penalization coefficients of the form $$p_k=p_{\sigma }>p_{\alpha }=1$$

p
k

=

p
σ

>

p
α

=
1

for the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficients. We tested these penalization coefficients through optimizations of a model based on the 1MC10-031 commercial thermoelectric-cooler (TEC) using the finite element method (FEM). These penalization coefficients provided local minima without the need for volume constraints. With this procedure, we found designs that provided temperatures close to 10 degrees lower using 60% less semiconductor material volume compared to the initial design.
A novel approach based on a mathematical algorithm and measurement of involute flanks for computing spur gear dimensions with unknown parameters
Authors: Khalil Abdallah , Shalaby Heba , Damir Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInvolute gears of all sizes and types are widely utilized in most machinery. Accurate generation of teeth flanks from the nominally required base circle is most vital in gear manufacturing, performance, and inspection. Despite the vital importance of the base circle in actual gear performance, it is not a widely used inspection parameter. Moreover, the size of base circle radius and geometrical center cannot be obtained by direct measurement. In this work, a new mathematical algorithm was developed to evaluate the base circle dimensions by measurement of only the teeth profiles. Measurement of the outer diameter is not required nor is the prior knowledge of any gear dimension such as its module or pressure angle. The evaluated base circle dimensions are then used to compute remaining dominant gear dimensions including its pressure angle. The developed approach was tested on an ideal gear model then applied to the flank points obtained by measurements performed on a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and by photogrammetry (PG). The experimental results were compared to those measured using a gear roll tester (GRT) and were found to be in very good agreement. The methodology and measurement procedure presented in this work are distinguished by their ability to measure the actual gear dimensions regardless of any tooth modification made to the profile or addendum during manufacturing. This makes the proposed work well-suited for reverse engineering and rapid prototyping reverse calculations.
Sacrospinous Hysteropexy—Video Tutorial of Construction and Application of a Feasible and Inexpensive Teaching Model for Simulation
Authors: Carlin Greta Lisa , Umek Wolfgang , Bodner-Adler Barbara , Mikula Fanny Carolina , Lange Sören 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
Sacrospinous hysteropexy is one of the preeminent uterus-preserving surgical techniques for treating pelvic organ prolapse supported by level one evidence. As training on models greatly improves surgical skills and outcomes, we developed a simple and inexpensive model to simulate sacrospinous hysteropexy.

Methods
A step-by-step instruction for the production of the model is available to be viewed online. To keep production costs low, readily available materials were used, with a total cost per model of about 2 EUR (Austria, August 2023). All important anatomical landmarks (prolapsing uterus, vagina, ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament) were all represented. We present a detailed instructional video on how to construct the model and the practical training, detailing the individual steps of a successful sacrospinous hysteropexy, available online. Thus, trainees are able to practice the individual movements of the entire surgical procedure on this simulator model guided by the tutorial video. In this way, trainees will be able to practice the entire surgical procedure.

Results
An introduction to the model with explanation of all anatomical landmarks and a standardised explanation of the surgery with its individual steps (handout distributed).

Conclusion
The presented video showcases the feasibility of the easy construction and application of a model for the surgical skill training of sacrospinous hysteropexy. Easily accessible, inexpensive material and its simple build make this a reproducible model regardless of geographic or socioeconomic resources.
Non-archimedean topological monoids
Authors: Megrelishvili M. , Shlossberg M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe say that a topological monoid S is left non-archimedean (in short: l-NA) if the left action of S on itself admits a proper S-compactification $$\nu :S \hookrightarrow Y$$

ν
:
S
↪
Y

such that Y is a Stone space. This provides a natural generalization of the well known concept of NA topological groups. The Stone and Pontryagin dualities play a major role in achieving useful characterizations of NA monoids. We show that many naturally defined topological monoids are NA and present universal NA monoids. Among others, we prove that the Polish monoid $$C(2^{\omega },2^{\omega })$$

C
(

2
ω

,

2
ω

)

is a universal separable metrizable l-NA monoid and the Polish monoid $${\mathbb {N}}^{\mathbb {N}}$$

N

N

is universal for separable metrizable r-NA monoids.
Microbial communities and their role in enhancing hemp fiber quality through field retting
Authors: Bou Orm Eliane , Bergeret Anne , Malhautier Luc 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The current development of industrial hemp “Cannabis Sativa L.” fibers for technical textiles and industrial applications requires high-quality fibers with homogeneous properties. However, several factors have been reported to influence the fibers’ intrinsic properties, including a post-harvest process known as retting. This process plays a crucial role in facilitating the mechanical extraction of fibers from hemp stems. Retting involves the degradation of the amorphous components surrounding the fiber bundles enabling their decohesion from stems. Microorganisms play a central role in mediating this bioprocess. During retting, they colonize the stems’ surface. Therefore, the biochemical components of plant cell wall, acting as natural binding between fibers, undergo a breakdown through the production of microbial enzymes. Although its critical role, farmers often rely on empirical retting practices, and considering various biotic and abiotic factors, resulting in fibers with heterogenous properties. These factors limit the industrial applications of hemp fibers due to their inconsistent properties. Thus, the purpose of this review is to enhance our comprehension of how retting influences the dynamics of microbial communities and, consequently, the evolution of the biochemical properties of hemp stems throughout this process. Better understanding of retting is crucial for effective process management, leading to high-value fibers.

Key points
• Retting enables degradation of cell wall components, controlling fiber properties.
• Microbial enzymatic activity is crucial for successful decohesion of fiber bundles.
• Understanding retting mechanisms is essential for consistent fiber production.
Network creation with homophilic agents
Authors: Bullinger Martin , Lenzner Pascal , Melnichenko Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNetwork Creation Games are an important framework for understanding the formation of real-world networks. These games usually assume a set of indistinguishable agents strategically buying edges at a uniform price, which leads to the formation of a network among them. However, in real life, agents are heterogeneous and their relationships often display a bias towards similar agents, say of the same ethnic group. This homophilic behavior on the agent level can then lead to the emergent global phenomenon of social segregation. We study Network Creation Games with multiple types of homophilic agents and non-uniform edge cost, introducing two models focusing on the perception of same-type and different-type neighbors, respectively. Despite their different initial conditions, both our theoretical and experimental analysis show that both the composition and segregation strength of the resulting stable networks are very similar, indicating a robust structure of social networks under homophily.
Paracetamol versus ibuprofen for early postpartum pain control: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ram Shai , Madar Dotan , Ram Hila Shalev , Peleg Goni , Lior Yotam , Greenfeld Ayelet , Yakov Gala , Yogev Yariv , Maslovitz Sharon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
To evaluate the effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen as non-opioid treatments for postpartum pain control after vaginal delivery.

Materials and methods
This randomized controlled study at a university-affiliated medical center involved parturient who received blindly oral tablets of either 1000 mg of paracetamol or 400 mg of ibuprofen, post-vaginal birth. Pain levels were assessed using a numeric rating scale (NRS) at four time points: before treatment, and 1, 4, and 6 h post-treatment (T0, T1, T4, and T6, respectively). We also compared the need for additional analgesia, breastfeeding initiation, mobilization, and urination following the delivery between the groups. To ensure statistical power, the study was designed to detect differences of one point on the NRS with at least 37 women per group.

Results
A total of 107 women participated, including paracetamol (n = 52) and ibuprofen (n = 55) groups. Demographics and perinatal outcomes were similar across groups. No significant differences were found in the interval between delivery and request for pain control (8 ± 6–10.5 and 11 ± 6–16 h for the paracetamol and the ibuprofen, respectively, P = .13). Pain levels on the NRS were similar for both groups at all intervals. There were also no group differences in the time to the initiation of breastfeeding, mobilization, urination, or the need for additional analgesia.

Conclusion
Both, paracetamol and ibuprofen, can be considered equivalent and effective non-opioid alternatives for postpartum pain control.

Registry at clinicaltrials.gov
(NCT04653506), https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/beta/studies/S000AFOR00000066/recordSummary.
Improving communication between volcano observatories and volcanic ash advisory centres in Europe—outcomes from a first workshop
Authors: Witham Claire , Kristiansen Nina , Gurioli Lucia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffective aviation response to atmospheric emissions from volcanic eruptions relies upon timely communication and information exchange. To explore the current and best practices in this area, a workshop was held in February 2019 under the framework of the European H2020 EUROVOLC project (2018–2021). The objective of the workshop was to bring together the volcano observatories (VOs), volcanic ash advisory centres (VAACs), and volcanological research institutes in Europe. The workshop included scientists and operational staff from six of Europe’s VOs (Iceland, Italy, France, Spain, Portugal, and Greece), the London and Toulouse VAACs, and seven supporting institutions and organisations. During the workshop, participants identified future improvements to the way the VOs and VAACs communicate and share information. Recommendations include refining the guidance and local documentation on the correct use of the Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA), improving the two-way feedback between the VAAC and VOs, regular sharing of volcano status updates by the VO, and inclusion of all VOs in regular VAAC and aviation exercises. These are applicable to VOs and VAACs elsewhere in the world.
Online video versus face-to-face patient–surgeon consultation: a systematic review
Authors: ten Haaft Britte H. E. A. , Montorsi Roberto M. , Barsom Esther , Kazemier Geert , Schijven Marlies P. , Besselink Marc G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Online video consultation (OVC) is increasingly used in patient–surgeon pre-surgical and follow-up consultation but a comprehensive review assessing its benefits and downsides as compared to face-to-face (F2F) consultation is currently lacking. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of OVC as compared to F2F consultation.

Methods
A literature search (Ovid/Medline, Embase, and Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection) was conducted including studies comparing efficacy, patient and surgeon satisfaction, and information recall between OVC and F2F patient–surgeon consultation (inception-December 4, 2023).

Results
Out of 1021 studies, 14 studies with 13,564 patients met the eligibility criteria, consisting of seven RCTs, three prospective, and four retrospective studies. Various types of surgical consultations were evaluated, including new referrals, routine follow-ups, postoperative follow-ups, and mixed consultations (both pre- and postoperative). None of the randomized trials exclusively compared OVC with F2F consultations in the high-demand preoperative setting, or assessed patient information recall. Efficacy outcomes were reported by seven studies. Among these, three RCTs showed that OVC improved efficacy in terms of waiting time (8.2 vs. 20.7 min, P = 0.01) and total appointment time (24 vs 71 min, P = 0.001, and 21.9 vs. 154.8 min, P = 0.001). Patient satisfaction was reported by 10 studies. Regarding patient satisfaction, one “mixed design” study favoured OVC (92% vs. 63%, P = 0.04), while eight studies reported similar outcomes.

Conclusions
This systematic review identified some benefits of OVC such as shorter waiting and total appointment times as compared to F2F patient–surgeon consultation, although the true value of OVC remains unknown due to the limited available evidence. Future pragmatic RCTs are needed, which should include the pre-surgical consultation and assess patient information recall.
Modelling of precipitate hardening in ferroelectric materials
Authors: Bohnen Matthias , Müller Ralf , Gross Dietmar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis investigation presents a mechanical model to determine energetically favourable particle shapes, motivated by precipitation hardening in ferroelectric materials. We examine Li-doped $$\text {NaNbO}_3$$

NaNbO
3

and propose a system of equations to derive the correct material constants for this material system. To model the elongated precipitate shape we introduce two approaches: An elliptic shape and a shape based on cubic B-spline-curves. We subject both definitions to an optimisation routine that yields equilibrium shapes. We further use the spline approach to derive configurational forces on the interface.