bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering Traditions in 1 Corinthians 11:2-16
Authors: Marshall Jill E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOne of Paul’s most notoriously difficult arguments begins with praise that the Corinthians have kept the “traditions” just as he “handed over” to them (1 Cor 11:2). Paul does not mention “traditions” after this verse, but this introduction suggests that they play a role in his argument. This essay demonstrates how traditions are part of the rhetorical argumentation of 1 Cor 11:2-16. Paul does not strictly recite teachings that his audience knows but changes them by addition or reformulation. Two modified traditions, in 11:3 and 11:11-12, formulate different perspectives on the relationship between men and women: first, hierarchical, and second, interdependent. The essay proceeds in three parts: discussion of Paul’s παράδοσις language, rhetorical analysis of 1 Cor 11:2-16, and proposal for the two “traditions” and their function in 11:3 and 11:11-12.
Erasmus’ Novum Testamentum of 1519
Authors: de Jonge Henk Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractErasmus’ Novum Testamentum of 1519 is an improved and enlarged edition of his Novum Instrumentum of 1516. The chief component remained his new version of the NT in more cultivated Latin than that of the Vulgate. But the 1519 edition also includes several Greek paratexts not yet printed in 1516. This article discusses the Greek witnesses which were used for the new edition and points out Greek and Latin readings in which it differs from 1516. The importance of the 1519 Novum Testamentum is that it constitutes the consolidation of Erasmus’ humanistic programme for promoting the study of the NT as an essentially philological discipline. The work is Erasmus’ self-confident vindication of this programme against advocates of the Vulgate and scholastic theology.
Morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the dentition of Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae)
Authors: Chuliver Mariana , Scanferla Agustín 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The gross morphology, histology and postnatal ontogeny of the dentition of the viviparous and direct-developing typhlonectid Chthonerpeton indistinctum were described and compared with other caecilian species. C. indistinctum exhibited the typical pedicellated condition present in lissamphibians, with a conical monocuspid crown. Our histological analysis demonstrated that the tissue joining crown and pedicel was formed by two bands (internal and external), whereas the external band circumvented the complete periphery of the tooth junction. Likely this condition was not described for another gymnophionan species. In viviparous and some oviparous caecilians, dentition changes radically during ontogeny. Thus, there is a foetal dentition arranged in multiple rows of teeth (i.e. tooth patch), which is replaced by single tooth rows in neonate or juvenile individuals. Details of dentition in the lower jaw of neonate specimens are firstly reported for C. indistinctum herein, adding another member of Typhlonectidae. In some slightly larger specimens the foetal tooth patch on the lower jaw coexisted with a lingual row of the adult-type teeth, indicating that replacement of foetal dentition in the lower jaw did not take place just after birth. The number of teeth, a character widely employed among caecilian species descriptions, varies during postnatal ontogeny. Hence, we concluded that at least for typhlonectid caecilians, tooth number should not be considered as a character with a strong taxonomic value without considering the intraspecific ontogenetic variation. An extensive survey exploring the relationship between body length and tooth count becomes necessary to test the usefulness of tooth counts in species diagnosis.
Maternal protectiveness is negatively associated with infant handling in wild Japanese macaques
Authors: Sekizawa Maisa , Kutsukake Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Infant handling by a non-mother is common in many primate species. Despite the requirement of a triadic relationship among handler, mother, and infant, previous studies of infant handling have focused on characteristics of handler or interactions between mother and handler. In this study, we examined the influence of the mother–infant relationship (i.e., maternal style) on the frequency with which wild Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) infants were handled. We analysed behavioural data collected during 3 consecutive years and found that maternal style was characterised by three principal components: infant activity, rejection, and non-protectiveness. Infants who were less active and whose mothers were less protective received more frequent handling. These effects were particularly evident when handlers were thought to have less access to the infant. These complex interactions within the triadic relationship suggest that maternal style constrains the occurrence of infant handling in group-living primates.
The Gender-Representation Gap in Radical Right Parties: Is There Any Contagion Effect from Parties with Small Gaps?
Authors: Högström John 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This study is about women’s political participation in times of increased influence from radical right parties. The gender-representation gap in the Swedish radical right party, the Sweden Democrats, is examined. A reformulated contagion theory is tested using three hypotheses. To test the hypotheses, a large-N study of all of Sweden’s municipalities is conducted. The results show that a large gender-representation gap exists in the Sweden Democrats party compared with that in the other main parties, and the gap has a negative effect on the total level of female representation in the municipal councils. However, the gap and the negative effect are decreasing over time in relation to the other main parties, which supports the hypotheses and the reformulated contagion theory.
Strategic Curiosity: A Way to Awaken Awareness of a Common Future
Authors: Misztal Barbara A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Intellectual strategies change in response to broader socio-political transformations of the world and the development of new means of communication. In today’s complex and fragmented intellectual landscape, public intellectuals perform various functions and conceive different strategies. As traditional public intellectuals are finding it much harder to argue with authority, thought leaders, or new for-profit thinkers linked to ideologically driven think tanks, are getting new visibility. Yet another group, the ‘new intellectuals’, who in contrast to traditional public intellectuals housed at the university are detached from its institutional structures, contributes to the non-academic culture of criticism of neo-liberalism. As these three groups are not engaged in meaningful conversations, a work on the restoration of the severed links between wonder at the world and the imagination to think beyond the present is neglected. In the hope that all three groups of today’s intellectuals, despite their different values and styles, can still place curiosity at the core of their strategies, this paper argues that primarily it should be a task of the traditional public intellectual to awaken people’s awareness of a common future. It concludes that to re-empower the traditional public intellectual, there is a need to prevent modern universities from becoming places with little room for curiosity.
Public Opinion and Morality Policy: Lessons from Canada and the United States
Authors: Schwartz Mildred A. , Tatalovich Raymond 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
To clarify why research examining the responsiveness of governments to public opinion produces mixed results, the authors focus on issues involving contested moral values that are known to be highly salient to the public and hence more likely to be linked to public policy. Canada and the United States, where the same issues have emerged, allow them to isolate the factors resulting in majoritarian congruence, where policies follow public opinion. The authors attribute finding even less congruence than previous research to the dominance of the courts in ruling on morality issues, although they also find a greater role for the legislature in Canada. The authors raise the possibility that the very salience of the issues inhibited political action from conflict-avoidant politicians.
Interconnection of Class and Race with Capitalism
Authors: Brabec Martin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the interconnection of class and race with capitalism. First it presents a definition of capitalism and its attitude towards civil statuses and exploitation. Secondly, it analyzes the origins of racism in capitalism despite its emphasis on freedom and equality, and its indifference to the social identities of the people it exploits. Consequently, it examines racial oppression as a strategy for capitalist control of the laboring class. In the end it focuses on the very important distinction between oppression and exploitation. These distinct relations also have very different impact on the behavior of social agents and groups, their life opportunities and forms of social conflict. If we want to understand how racial hierarchies reproduce capitalist class relations, we have to understand the basic requirements of class relations and capitalist reproduction itself.
The Alt-Right as a Revolt against Neoliberalism and Political Correctness: the Role of Collective Action Frames
Authors: Esposito Luigi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article addresses how the alt-right has developed its guiding principles or “collective action frames” in opposition to two hegemonic ideologies: neoliberalism and political correctness. Two central points are made. First, calls among many alt-righters for white Americans to regain a sense of racial identity and “white pride” is effectively a rebellion against neoliberal market forces that erode tribal loyalties, national boundaries, and cultural uniqueness by encouraging open borders, multiculturalism, and individualistic forms of agency associated with competition and consumerism. Second, the challenge to white identitarianism by neoliberal globalization is compounded by an ideology of political correctness that, although at odds with neoliberalism, has presumably further disempowered whites. Because political correctness emphasizes egalitarianism and how all cultures are equally valuable, any agenda to advance white interests is dismissed as racist and unacceptable. The argument is made that despite their tensions, both neoliberalism and political correctness have inspired alt-right collective action frames related to race realism, anti-egalitarianism, and white genocide. Some reflections are offered about why this discussion is relevant to the present and future of US politics and society.
The War on Drugs in Mexico and Transnational Corporate Control
Authors: Sánchez Martha Idalia Chew 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article will explore the links between the extreme violence that Mexico has experienced between 2006 and 2018 during the war on drugs, growing transnational corporate control over land resources, and growing violations of human rights. About a quarter of a million people have been victims of intentional homicide in the war on drugs (Reyna 2018); almost 200,000 have disappeared in what it is known as “killing without trace or blood,” and Mexican people have experienced everyday extortions, kidnapping, and feminicide. Very few Mexicans have not been impacted by this war, directly or indirectly.
Genetic effects of leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphism on litter size in a Black Bengal goat population
Authors: Alim M.A. , Hossain M.M.K. , Nusrat J. , Rubaya  , Salimullah M. , Shu-Hong Z. , Alam Jahangir 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The leptin receptor (LEPR) is involved in central signaling for both energy homeostasis and reproduction. The present study investigates the association of the LEPR gene with the prolificacy of Black Bengal goat. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in intron 3 and one SNP in exon 4 in the LEPR gene were identified by pooled DNA sequencing. The identified SNPs were genotyped by the direct sequencing method from 84 Black Bengal does. A synonymous mutation (Lysine > Lysine) was found as a polymorphism in exon 4. The effects of the different genotypes on litter size traits were estimated using linear models. Our results show that goats with heterozygous genotype AG at the loci g.104911A>G and g.105151A>G showed the highest prolificacy performance when compared with the other, homozygous genotypes. Dominance and additive effects were observed at the considered loci. No significant allele substitution effects were found for any locus. Our results indicate preliminarily that LEPR may have some association with prolificacy and could be a candidate gene to improve the prolificacy in goat.
Online Shopping and Consumer Rights in the UAE: Do We Need a Specific Law?
Authors: Dahiyat Emad Abdel Rahim 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although e-commerce is growing at a dramatic rate, there are still areas of concern that need to be addressed adequately by the legislation in order to promote trust in e-commerce and remove any barriers to its full development. This paper thus explores the existing legislation in UAE to determine whether or not this legislation gives due attention to consumer protection in an online environment. Furthermore, this paper briefly addresses the issue of what the law ought to be in order to enhance legal certainty as well as maintain the credibility of the Internet as a market place for consumers.
The Emergence of Verification (taḥqīq) in Islamic Medicine
Authors: Karimullah Kamran I. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this article, I discuss the legacy of Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s commentary on Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine in Islamic medical commentary after 1100. I argue that Faḫr al-Dīn’s legacy lies in the exegetical practices, the method of verification (taḥqīq) he introduced into Islamic medical scholarship through his commentary on the Canon. I first argue that the features that characterise the method of verification in works such as Faḫr al-Dīn’s commentary on Avicenna’s Pointers and Reminders are present in the commentary on the Canon, even if Faḫr al-Dīn’s introduction to the latter work does not allude to these practices in the way that the introductions to his later works do. Based on an analysis of Galen’s prescription about exegetical best-practice in his Hippocratic commentaries and Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā al-Rāzī’s (d. ca. 925) introduction to Doubts on Galen, I argue next that Faḫr al-Dīn’s introduction of the verification method into the Islamic medical discourse was a watershed moment in the tradition. I use Ibn al-Quff’s (d. 1286) commentary on the Hippocratic Aphorisms to show how these methods were imitated by later medical commentators. This final section illustrates the enormous exegetical interest that the Canon of Medicine attracted, suggesting other promising trajectories for research into Faḫr al-Dīn’s medical legacy.
La Providence divine (al-ʿināya l-ilāhiyya) comme instrument de la rédemption universelle (ḫalāṣ) dans l’ ismaélisme fatimide et ṭayyibite
Authors: De Smet Daniel 
Published: February 2019

Résumé
Le concept de ʿināya ilāhiyya (“providence divine”) a été introduit dans l’ ismaélisme par le philosophe fatimide Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī, qui l’ a probablement emprunté à al-Fārābī tout en lui donnant un sens spécifiquement ismaélien. Ainsi, dans le Kitāb Rāḥat al-ʿaql, al-Kirmānī présente la providence comme le principe qui régit le monde sensible dans le but d’ actualiser l’ intellect en puissance ou hayūlā, le deuxième émané procédant de l’ auto-intellection de l’ Intellect universel. La providence veille à la rédemption universelle, une notion qui sera pleinement développée dans le Kanz al-walad d’ al-Ḥāmidī, le texte fondateur de l’ ismaélisme ṭayyibite. Proche du manichéisme, al-Ḥāmidī conçoit l’ univers sensible comme une gigantesque machine pilotée par la providence afin de nettoyer les parcelles de lumière souillées au contact avec les ténèbres de la matière, et d’ effacer ainsi les séquelles d’ un drame cosmique primordial.
Reflections on the Japanese influence on some French ceramics, 1866-1886
Authors: d’Albis Laurens , Weisberg Gabriel P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmong major political, economic and intellectual conflicts, a genuine revolution took place in the applied arts during twenty years of the second half of the nineteenth century, notably in French tableware. The discovery of Japanese art coupled with the noticeable pursuit of artistic freedom sparkled intense experimentation and amazing creativity in the production of objects able to meet the wishes of a changing public. After dealing with the concept of Japonisme, this essay proposes to examine what happened within the French manufacture of faience and porcelain between 1866 and 1886.
Is a One Welfare Approach the Key to Addressing Unintended Harms and Maximising Benefits Associated with Animal Shelters?
Authors: Fawcett Anne 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Animal shelters, pounds and rescue organisations have evolved over time. Today they serve three purposes: to reduce animal welfare harms, to reduce harms to the community associated with free-roaming, stray or unwanted companion animals, and to reduce their associated environmental harms. This discussion explores the evolution of animal shelters, and argues that they are justified on utilitarian grounds. It explores unintended harms of shelters on animal welfare, including humane killing for the purposes of population control and shelter population management, as well as risks associated with confinement including behavioural deterioration and infectious diseases. It also explores harms to non-human animals, including moral distress and compassion fatigue. Finally, it explores potential environmental harms of shelters. The One Welfare concept, utilised in the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) Global Animal Welfare Strategy, acknowledges the interplay between animal welfare, human well-being and environmental sustainability. It is argued that the One Welfare framework is critical in minimising harms and maximising benefits associated with animal shelters.
Inconsistent Spectral Evolution in Operational Wave Models due to Inaccurate Specification of Nonlinear Interactions
Authors: Ardag Dorukhan , Resio Donald T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe introduction of third-generation (3G) models was based on the premise that wave spectra could evolve without prior shape restrictions only if the representation for nonlinear interactions contained as many degrees of freedom as the discretized spectrum being modeled. It is shown here that a different criterion is needed to accurately represent nonlinear spectral evolution within models, a more rigorous criterion such that the number of degrees of freedom in the nonlinear source term must be equal to the intrinsic number of degrees of freedom in the theoretical form of this source term, which is larger than the degrees of freedom in the spectrum. Evolution of spectral shapes produced by the current approximation for nonlinear interactions in 3G models, the discrete interaction approximation (DIA), is compared to the full integral solution for three different time scales: 1) relaxation of the equilibrium range following a perturbation, 2) spectral evolution of the equilibrium range during an interval of constant winds, and 3) the evolution of spectral shape during transition to swell during propagation over long distances. It is shown that the operational nonlinear source term produces significant deviations in the evolution of the wave spectra at all of these scales because of its parametric reduction of the number of degrees of freedom and incorrect energy flux scaling. It is concluded that the DIA does not meet the critical criterion for allowing a spectrum to evolve to spectral shapes consistent with those observed in nature.
On the Momentum Flux of Internal Tides
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , McC. Hogg Andrew 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe action of the barotropic tide over seafloor topography is the major source of internal waves at the bottom of the ocean. This internal tide has long been recognized to play an important role in ocean mixing. Here it is shown that the internal tide is also associated with a net (domain integrated) momentum flux. The net flux occurs as a result of the Doppler shifting of the internal tide at the point of generation by near-bottom mean flows. Linear theory is presented that predicts the amplitude of the wave momentum flux. The net flux scales with the bottom flow speed and the topographic wavenumber to the fourth power and is directed opposite to the bottom flow. For realistic topography, the predicted peak momentum flux occurs at scales of order 10 km and smaller, with magnitudes of order 10−3–10−2 N m−2. The theory is verified by comparison with a suite of idealized internal wave-resolving simulations. The simulations show that, for the topography considered, the wave momentum flux radiates away from the bottom and enhances mean and eddying flow when the tidal waves dissipate in the upper ocean. Our results suggest that internal tides may play an important role in forcing the upper ocean.
An Optimal Estimation Retrieval Algorithm for Microwave Humidity Sounding Channels with Minimal Scan Position Bias
Authors: Schulte Richard M. , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA flexible and physical optimal estimation-based inversion algorithm for retrieving atmospheric water vapor and cloud liquid water path from passive microwave radiometers over the global oceans is presented. The algorithm’s main strength lies in its ability to explicitly account for forward model errors that depend on the Earth incidence angle (EIA) at which a given radiometer measurement is made. Validation of total precipitable water (TPW) retrieved from Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) measurements against near-coincident estimates of TPW from SuomiNet GPS ground stations shows that retrieved TPW values agree closely with SuomiNet estimates, and somewhat better than values from the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System that are retrieved from the same MHS instruments. More importantly, it is found that the inclusion of appropriate forward model error assumptions, which are tailored to the EIA and sea surface temperature of the scene being considered, are able to almost entirely eliminate EIA-dependent biases in retrieved TPW. This result holds true across all satellites currently carrying an MHS instrument, despite the fact that only measurements from one satellite are used to estimate forward model errors. The consistency achieved by the retrieval algorithm across all view angles suggests that other inversion algorithms, particularly those for cross-track-scanning radiometers and potential future constellations of small satellites, would benefit from the inclusion of nuanced error assumptions that consider the effect of EIA.