bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bird and mammal roadkill patterns and associated factors on a tropical mountain area: the Interamerican Highway, Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica
Authors: González-Maya José F. , Sánchez-Arguedas Luis , Rodríguez Pacheco Marisol , Gutiérrez-Sanabria Diego R. , Martínez-Estévez Lourdes , Schipper Jan 
Published: November 2024

Context Habitat degradation caused by roads and wildlife–vehicle collisions are two of the main drivers of terrestrial vertebrate mortality. Spatial collision patterns are influenced by habitat and road characteristics and the species’ ecology and biology, including its life history. Costa Rica has a network of 10,000 km of paved roads; however, there is a knowledge gap on road ecology and its impact to wildlife. Understanding the interconnectedness of roadkill with spatial and temporal patterns is crucial to mitigate this threat in the country. Aims Here, we describe spatial and temporal patterns in bird and mammal–vehicle collisions on a 45 km section of the Interamerican Highway and identify the critical zones that require attention. Methods Surveys were conducted by car between Río Macho Forest Reserve and Los Santos Forest Reserve for a period of 8 months. We recorded bird and mammal individuals and road and landscape features in 100 m sections to identify collision hotspots. We used the road and landscape information to try to explain the hotspot segments using generalized linear models. Key results We found 148 carcasses that belonged to 16 species of bird and five species of mammal. There was no temporal pattern in frequency of collisions for both birds and mammals. We identified 34 collision hotspots, five for birds and 29 for mammals, and seven hotspots for both groups combined. Bird collision frequency was explained by the 150 m scale forest area, distance to rivers, and road sinuosity. Mammal collisions were not explained by the evaluated variables. Conclusions Roadkill of birds and mammals was influenced by biological traits and environmental factors. The identification of specific environmental factors and collision hotspots are an initial step on collision monitoring in the Talamanca mountain range in Costa Rica. Implications This research has increased our knowledge on some of the factors that influence roadkill frequencies and vulnerability of species. Our results identified segments on the Interamerican Highway where roadkill mitigation measures should be implemented. Our findings can also serve as a reference point to analyze other segments of the highway or other roads with similar features in the country.
Extremely virtual and incredibly physical
Authors: Compagnoni Ilaria , Fazzi Fabiana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Digital mediation strategies are key soft skills to develop amongst students as they prepare to interact in
increasingly collaborative settings, socially and professionally. Defined as a set of communication strategies deployed to reach
mutual agreement over a dispute, mediation enables students’ cooperation in task-based language teaching settings. However, there
is an absence of research investigating learning practices in digital social spaces that allow students to develop mediation
strategies while using foreign languages to achieve group task goals. In this article, we will outline and compare the results of
two case studies exploring the interaction potential of digital educational activities: Digital Storytelling and Digital Social
Reading. The analysis of students’ multimodal conversations during the activities shows that while there are intrinsic
interactional affordances related to the technologies (StoryMaps, izi.Travel, ThingLink, Immerse and Glose for Education) used in
educational contexts, fostering students’ mediation strategies has only been feasible through a sound instructional methodology.
Starting from the data analysis, pedagogical implications are drawn to help language teachers implement virtual technologies to
boost students’ digital mediation strategies to act successfully in their professional and social lives. Considerations include
pre-activity tech and strategy training and the integration of asynchronous and synchronous moments of reflection. Further
discussion pertains to creating a community of practice collaborating to understand tool usability for attaining activity
goals.
Learning vocabulary through listening
Authors: Graham Suzanne , Zhang Pengchong Anthony 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explored the strategy use of 12 high-school learners of English within a vocabulary teaching
intervention which exposed three groups of learners to one of three types of oral vocabulary explanations: L2 explanations;
codeswitched explanations (CS); and contrastive focus-on-form explanations (CFoF) giving cross-linguistic information. Unlike
previous studies of vocabulary interventions, which have tended to focus solely on quantitative outcome measures and therefore
give arguably limited insights into why different interventions have the impact that they do, the study implemented stimulated
recall interviews to explore strategy use in order to better understand the learning outcomes from the intervention. A qualitative
analysis was undertaken to explore how learners used strategies and whether patterns of use emerged by intervention group and
proficiency level. Compared with the CS and L2 groups, learners from the CFoF group attended more specifically to the target words
and engaged in more metacognitive reflection and evaluation of the explanations, leading potentially to deeper processing and
hence greater vocabulary gains. Such strategy use also seemed, however, to explain their smaller gains in listening comprehension.
Finally, strategic behaviour was found to be related to levels of vocabulary knowledge and listening proficiency. The value of
exploring qualitative data on strategy use for evaluating the effects of an intervention is discussed, alongside the theoretical
and pedagogical implications of these findings.
Strategic use of machine translation
Authors: Yuasa Mariko , Takeuchi Osamu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The development of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and its associated tools has revolutionised the
learning and use of foreign languages (L2). One such tool is machine translation (MT), which has become increasingly popular among
university students worldwide, spurring research on MT use in L2 writing. However, previous research has primarily focused on the
writing products of intermediate or advanced L2 learners, neglecting the writing process with MT of students with limited L2
proficiency. Therefore, this case study aimed to qualitatively explore how the Common European Framework of Reference for
Languages (CEFR) A2 university students employ strategies for L2 writing with MT and how their strategies change after strategy
instruction. Seven participants completed writing tasks on a PC before, immediately after, and four weeks after three one-hour
out-of-class instruction sessions based on the Strategic Content Learning (SCL) approach. Their writing process was
screen-recorded, followed by stimulated recall interviews to elicit their strategies, which were coded and categorised using a
framework by O’Malley and Chamot (1990). The results showed an increase in students’
elaborate use of strategies after instruction. In particular, strategy clusters were observed for all participants, demonstrating
their cognitive engagement in the writing process. Furthermore, first-language (L1)-related strategies were used more frequently
post-instruction, indicating learners’ efforts to create translation-friendly L1 input for MT. The findings suggest that teaching
MT-use strategies is crucial to fostering learners’ active engagement in the L2 writing process in a technology-enhanced learning
environment.
Achieving pure-fluorescent color-tunable WOLED through long-range coupling of spatially separated electron–hole pairs
Authors: Wang Guangyuan , Wang Yanbo , Guo Zhenyong , Kou Zhiqi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Color-tunable white organic light-emitting diode (CT-WOLED) with a wide correlated color temperature (CCT) offers numerous advantages in meeting human daily needs related to circadian rhythm. The study of CCT variation trends and the rules governing the expansion of the CCT range will help further improve the performance of such devices. This research proposes an effective strategy for achieving high-efficiency fluorescent CT-WOLEDs through long-range radiative coupling of spatially separated electron–hole pairs. After inserting a 5 nm thick DMAC-DPS layer between the donor (TAPC) and the acceptor (PO-T2T), the charge transfer excitons between TAPC and PO-T2T still exist. As the voltage increases, holes selectively undergo different photophysical processes, resulting in a wide CCT range. This demonstrates the extraordinary potential of spatially separated electron–hole pairs in regulating luminescent properties. By further introducing a bulk exciplex and the conventional red fluorescent dye DCJTB, the device’s efficiency, brightness, and CCT range have been further optimized. Additionally, significant highest occupied molecular orbital energy level difference between the hole transport layer TAPC and the spacer layer facilitates hole accumulation at the TAPC/spacer interface, thereby enhancing the long-range coupling effect. In device E, we achieved a wide CCT range of 2774 K along with a high external quantum efficiency of 9.2%. The results indicate that our proposed long-range coupling strategy not only enables a wide CCT range but also ensures broad spectral emission and high electroluminescence efficiency, providing new possibilities for the field of intelligent lighting.
Equation of state and universal solid phase of one-dimensional dipolar fluids
Authors: Meddour Sofiane , Bouzar Lila , Messina René 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Macroscopic and structural properties of one-dimensional (1D) dipolar fluids are investigated theoretically. The equation of state is fully explored by means of analytical limiting laws, integral equations and corroborating Monte Carlo simulations. An interesting mapping with the Tonks gas (i.e. hard rods) is established at strong coupling. Crucially, we report a novel solid phase characterized by a universal algebraic decay of the pair distribution function whose range extends with increasing coupling. This discovery provides a clarified view in 1D systems and open new routes to explore theoretically as well as experimentally.
An unusual phase transition in a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model
Authors: Niveth A , Karthiga S , Senthilvelan M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article studies a non-Hermitian Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model which has periodically staggered Hermitian and non-Hermitian dimers. The changes in topological phases of the considered chiral symmetric model with respect to the introduced non-Hermiticity are studied where we find that the system supports only complex eigenspectra for all values of u ≠ 0 and it stabilizes only non-trivial insulating phase for higher loss-gain strength. Even if the system acts as a trivial insulator in the Hermitian limit, the increase in loss-gain strength induces phase transition to non-trivial insulating phase through a (gapless) semi-metallic phase. Interesting phenomenon is observed in the case where Hermitian system acts as a non-trivial insulator. In such a situation, the introduced non-Hermiticity neither leaves the non-trivial phase undisturbed nor induces switching to trivial phase. Rather, it shows transition from non-trivial insulating phase to the same where it is mediated by the stabilization of (non-trivial) semi-metallic phase. This unusual transition between the non-trivial insulating phases through non-trivial semi-metallic phase gives rise to a question regarding the topological states of the system under open boundary conditions. So, we analyze the possibility of stable edge states in these two non-trivial insulating phases and check the characteristic difference between them. In addition, we study the nature of topological states in the case of non-trivial gapless (semi-metallic) region.
Experimental study of magnetorheological fluids under large periodic deformations
Authors: Horak Wojciech , Stępień Barbara , Sapiński Bogdan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are smart materials whose properties can be controlled by a magnetic field. They are used in a variety of applications with tailored operating parameters, facilitating broad and relatively straightforward implementation and control of the functional properties of these systems. The aim of the study was to determine the variation in shear stress of MR fluids under varying shear deformation directions and different magnetic field induction levels. The experiments were carried out with the use of three commercially available fluids: MRF-122EG, MRF-132DG, and MRF-140CG, which primarily differ in the volumetric fraction of ferromagnetic particles. These fluids are designed for use in mechanical energy dissipation devices, clutches, and brakes. They are also characterized by high stability and a broad controllability range. The experiments were performed using a rotational rheometer with a parallel plate measuring system to examine shear stress variability during both the deformation and rest phases. The study applied relatively large deformations, exceeding the linear viscoelastic range and the deformation corresponding to the yield point. The test results revealed variations in the shear stress values across successive loading cycles, as well as fluctuations during the rest phase. It was also found that, depending on magnetic field induction level (i.e. the level of fluid magnetization), the rest phase could result in either a decrease (relaxation) or an increase (hardening) in shear stress values. These findings have practical significance, particularly for MR fluid devices operating in shear mode.
Strain analysis by neutron diffraction on Nb3Sn strands in ITER central solenoid conductors of short and long twist pitch
Authors: Tomone Suwa , Takaaki Isono , Harjo Stefanus , Takuro Kawasaki , Kazuya Aizawa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ITER central solenoid (CS) conductors are composed of Nb3Sn superconducting cables and stainless steel jackets. Approximately 60 000 electromagnetic loading cycles will be applied to the Nb3Sn strands in the CS conductor over the course of ITER tokamak operation, and the CS conductor is required to maintain the current sharing temperature (T
cs) for these electromagnetic loading cycles. However, in CS conductor prototypes, degradation of T
cs was observed after electromagnetic loading cycles. Visual inspections of the tested CS conductors revealed large bending and buckling of the Nb3Sn strands. These strand deformations were considered to be the cause of T
cs degradation because even a small amount of strain markedly affects the critical current of Nb3Sn strands. To prevent the strands from bending and buckling, the twist pitch of the cable was shortened to improve stiffness. The stiffer cables did prevent T
cs from degrading after electromagnetic loading cycles owing to the shortened twist pitch of the conductors, but a slight increase of T
cs was observed. Visual inspections revealed no significant bent or buckled strands, but small deformations cannot be investigated visually. Thus, internal strain was measured by neutron diffraction and the internal strain states of the prototype CS conductors having long twist pitches and the improved short-twist-pitch (STP) CS conductors were evaluated. The results indicated that, after electromagnetic loading cycles, bending of the strands in the STP CS conductor was limited and compressive strain was reduced. Therefore, we determined that this STP is not only effective to prevent degradation caused by bent strands but it also increases T
cs by reducing compressive strain.
Higher-order incompatibility improves distinguishability of causal quantum networks
Authors: Sudarsanan Ragini Nidhin , Sazim Sk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Higher-order quantum theory deals with causal quantum processes, described by quantum combs, and test procedures, described by quantum testers, ‘measuring’ these processes. In this work, we show that ‘jointly non-implementable’ or incompatible quantum testers perform better in distinguishability tasks than their compatible counterparts. To demonstrate our finding, we consider a specific two-party game based on distinguishing quantum combs. We show that the player does better at winning the game when they have exclusive access to incompatible testers over compatible ones. Moreover, we show that, using the resource theoretic measure convex weight, any general quantum resource present in testers is resourceful in quantum comb exclusion tasks. These investigations generalise, respectively, an earlier finding that incompatibility of quantum observables to be a bona fide resource in quantum state distinguishability tasks and another finding that any resource present in observables result in improved performance in state exclusion or antidistinguishability tasks.
Quantum neural networks to detect entanglement transitions in quantum many-body systems
Authors: El Ayachi F , Ait Mansour H , El Baz M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum entanglement becomes increasingly complex to analyze in many-body systems due to exponential growth in complexity with system size. In this work, we explore the potential of quantum machine learning (QML) to circumvent this. Specifically, we train a parameterized quantum neural network (QNN) model to detect transitions in the entanglement properties of the ground state in a multi-spin Ising model. This approach enables the classification of different entanglement states and provides deeper insights into the behavior of entanglement under multi-spin interactions. Our results demonstrate that QML can effectively simplify the classification process and overcome the complexity challenges encountered by classical algorithms.
Large-scale shell-model study of 2νECEC process in 78Kr
Authors: Patel Deepak , Srivastava Praveen C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present the systematic study of 2νECEC process in the 78Kr using large-scale shell-model calculations with the GWBXG effective interaction. We first validate the efficiency of the utilized interaction by comparing the theoretical low-lying energy spectra, the kinematic moment of inertia, and reduced transition probabilities with the experimental data for both the parent and grand-daughter nuclei 78Kr and 78Se, respectively. Additionally, we examine the shell-model level densities of the 1+ states in the intermediate nucleus 78Br, comparing them with the predictions from the Back-shifted Fermi gas model. We analyze the variation of cumulative nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) for the 2νECEC process in 78Kr as a function of 1+ state energies in the intermediate nucleus 78Br up to the saturation level. Our estimated half-life for 78Kr, extracted from the shell-model predicted NMEs, shows good agreement with the experimental value. The Gamow-Teller transitions from the lowest 1+ state of 78Br via both the EC+β
+ and β
−-channels are also discussed.
Transverse instability of electron-acoustic solitons in a relativistic degenerate astrophysical magnetoplasma
Authors: Misra A P , Abdikian A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the nonlinear theory of small-amplitude electron-acoustic solitons (EASs) in a relativistic astrophysical magnetoplasma consisting of two-temperature electrons: a sparse population of relativistic nondegenerate classical electrons and a group of fully degenerate dense relativistic electrons (main constituent) immersed in a static magnetic field with a neutralizing stationary ion background. By using the multiple-scale reductive perturbation technique with the Lorentz transformation, the Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) and the modified Zakharov-Kuznetsov (mZK) equations are derived to describe the evolution of EASs in two different regimes of relativistic degeneracy: r

d0 < 50 and r

d0 ≳ 50, where

r

d
0

=

n

d
0

/

n

cr

1

/

3

is the degeneracy parameter in which n

d0 is the unperturbed number density of degenerate electrons and n
cr ≈ 6 × 1029 cm−3 the critical number density at which p

F
=m

ec
and which defines the emergence of the relativistic regime. Here, p

F
is the Fermi momentum, m

e
is the invariant electron mass, and c is the speed of light in vacuum. The characteristics of the plane soliton solutions of ZK and mZK equations and the soliton energy are studied. We show that the solitons moving at an angle α to the external magnetic field can be unstable under transverse long-wavelength perturbations. The growth rates of instabilities are obtained and analyzed with the effects of the relativity parameter β
cl = k

B

T
cl/m

e

c
2 and the degeneracy parameter r

d0, where k

B
is the Boltzmann constant and T
cl is the temperature of classical electrons. Interestingly, the ZK solitons, even if it is stable for the first-order perturbations, can be unstable in the second-order correction. Furthermore, while the first-order growth rates of perturbations for ZK solitons tend to vanish as α → 38°, that for the mZK soliton goes to zero as α → 90°. However, depending on the angle α, the growth rates are found to be reduced either by increasing the values of β
cl or by decreasing the values of r

d0. The applications of our results to astrophysical plasmas, such as those in the environments of white dwarfs are discussed.
Quantum Flutter from Nonlinear Luttinger Liquid perspective
Authors: Wang Sheng , Zhang Zhehao , Guan Xi-Wen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Quantum flutter is a ubiquitous phenomenon which can be observed from the fast moving impurity&#xD;injected into a fermionic or bosonic medium of quantum liquid. In this scenario, one usually consider&#xD;a medium of a fully polarized state and inject a spin-flipped impurity as the initial state. When the&#xD;initial velocity of the impurity is beyond the intrinsic sound velocity of the medium, the impurity&#xD;momentum dramatically exhibits a long-lived periodic oscillation with the periodicity remaining&#xD;invariant with respect to the initial velocity. In this letter, we show that such a novel phenomenon&#xD;can be explained by a linear Luttinger liquid coupled to a deep hole in the Fermi sea. Once the&#xD;deep hole excitations are involved and the impurity momentum surpass the Fermi momentum,&#xD;the propagator thus displays a periodic oscillation after a quick relaxation decay. The oscillation&#xD;periodicity is solely determined by the energy of the deepest hole excitation. Our result provides&#xD;deep insights into the dynamical behavior of quantum impurities immersed into one-dimensional&#xD;quantum liquids.