bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actigraphy to Measure Physical Activity in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schwab Kristin E. , To An Q. , Chang Jennifer , Ronish Bonnie , Needham Dale M. , Martin Jennifer L. , Kamdar Biren B. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the intensive care unit (ICU), prolonged inactivity is common, increasing patients’ risk for adverse outcomes, including ICU-acquired weakness. Hence, interventions to minimize inactivity are gaining popularity, highlighting actigraphy, a measure of activity involving a wristwatch-like accelerometer, as a method to inform these efforts. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of studies that used actigraphy to measure patient activity in the ICU setting. Data Sources: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest from inception until December 2016. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion. A study was eligible for inclusion if it was published in a peer-reviewed journal and used actigraphy to measure activity in ≥5 ICU patients. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently performed data abstraction and risk of bias assessment. Abstracted actigraphy-based activity data included total activity time and activity counts. Results: Of 16 studies (607 ICU patients) identified, 14 (88%) were observational, 2 (12%) were randomized control trials, and 5 (31%) were published after 2009. Mean patient activity levels per 15 to 60 second epoch ranged from 25 to 37 daytime and 2 to 19 nighttime movements. Actigraphy was evaluated in the context of ICU and post-ICU outcomes in 11 (69%) and 5 (31%) studies, respectively, and demonstrated potential associations between actigraphy-based activity levels and delirium, sedation, pain, anxiety, time to extubation, and length of stay. Conclusion: Actigraphy has demonstrated that patients are profoundly inactive in the ICU with actigraphy-based activity levels potentially associated with important measures, such as delirium, sedation, and length of stay. Larger and more rigorous studies are needed to further evaluate these associations and the overall utility of actigraphy in the ICU setting.
Projecting Cancer Incidence for 2025 in the 2 Largest Populated Cities in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Sang Minh , Deppen Stephen , Nguyen Giang Huong , Pham Dung Xuan , Bui Tung Duc , Tran Thuan Van 
Published: July 2019

The population size and projected demographics of Vietnam’s 2 largest cities, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and Hanoi, will change dramatically over the next decade. Demographic changes in an aging population coupled with income growth and changes in lifestyle will result in a very different distribution of common cancers in the future. The study aimed to project the number of cancer incidence in the 2 largest populated cities in Vietnam for the year 2025. Cancer incidence data from 2004 to 2013 collected from population-based cancer registries in these 2 cities were provided by Vietnam National Cancer Institute. Incidence cases in 2013 and the previous decades average annual percent changes of age-standardized cancer incidence rates combined with expected population growth were modeled to project cancer incidence for each cancer site by gender to 2025. A substantial double in cancer incidence from 2013 to 2025 resulted from a growing and aging population in HCMC and Hanoi. Lung, colorectum, breast, thyroid, and liver cancers, which represent 67% of the overall cancer burden, are projected to become the leading cancer diagnoses by 2025 regardless of genders. For men, the leading cancer sites in 2025 are predicted to be lung, colorectum, esophagus, liver, and pharynx cancer, and among women, they are expected to be breast, thyroid, colorectum, lung, and cervical cancer. We projected an epidemiological transition from infectious-associated cancers to a high burden of cancers that have mainly been attributed to lifestyle in both cities. We predicted that with 16.9% growth in the overall population and dramatic aging with these 2 urban centers, the burdens of cancer incidence will increase sharply in both cities over the next decades. Data on projections of cancer incidence in both cities provide useful insights for directing appropriate policies and cancer control programs in Vietnam.
A Comparison of Death Domain-Associated Protein 6 in Different Endometrial Carcinomas Histotypes
Authors: Jin Cao , Hacking Sean , Komforti Miglena K , Nasim Mansoor 
Published: July 2019

Background: Death domain-associated protein 6 (DAXX) is involved in regulating apoptosis via subcellular localization. The presence of DAXX point mutations correlates well with loss of nuclear expression on immunohistochemistry (IHC). In this study, we sought to determine (1) whether DAXX expression pattern is the same across different uterine carcinoma subtypes, and (2) which uterine carcinomas show loss of nuclear DAXX IHC. Design: We studied 65 uterine carcinomas of the following histologic types: 30 endometrioid (12 FIGO [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics] grade 1, 12 FIGO grade 2, and 6 FIGO grade 3), 8 serous, 14 clear cell, and 13 undifferentiated/dedifferentiated type (UEC/DDEC). Nuclear DAXX IHC was assessed in each tumor and was graded semi-quantitatively as follows: 0% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and greater than 75% of lesional cells react. Results: A total of 61% (25/41) of high-grade carcinomas (FIGO grade 3, serous, clear cell, and UEC/DDEC]) showed retained DAXX nuclear staining in >75% of lesional cells, compared with only 4.2% (1/24) of the low-grade carcinomas (FIGO grades 1 and 2) ( P = .0001), where DAXX expression was cytoplasmic. In addition, in the 11 DDEC cases, all the differentiated components showed loss of nuclear DAXX compared with the undifferentiated components which retained nuclear DAXX expression. Conclusions: We demonstrate that loss of nuclear DAXX is present in low-grade endometrial carcinomas and the differentiated components in UEC/DDEC, but not in high-grade ones, suggesting DAXX’s role in tumor progression and its potential as a therapeutic target in high-grade endometrial carcinomas.
Meditation interventions among heart failure patients: An integrative review
Authors: Viveiros Jennifer , Chamberlain Brianna , O’Hare Aminda , Sethares Kristen A 
Published: July 2019

Background: There has been growing interest in meditation techniques as an intervention in chronic disease populations. Little is known of the effect meditation practice has on outcomes among patients with heart failure. Purpose: To identify and examine current literature on meditation interventions on heart failure outcomes. Method: The review utilized methods described by Whittemore and Knafl. Three electronic databases were searched through March 2018. Terms used were “mindfulness OR meditation” and “heart failure” in combination, generating 58 articles after duplicates were removed. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, six studies qualified for review, including four articles with samples from the United States and two with samples from Brazil and Sweden, respectively. Results: Among the six studies in the final sample, the total number of participants was 320 heart failure patients. Interventional design and length varied among the studies, and 20 different dependent variables were identified. This study distinguished four categories of outcome measures with significant findings: psychosocial, biophysical, quality of life and heart failure symptom burden. Compared with controls meditation practice significantly improved depression ( p<.05), social support ( p<.05), biophysical factors and quality of life ( p<.05), in addition to reducing heart failure symptom burden. Across-study comparisons were limited due to variation in intervention definitions and designs. Additionally, the intervention dose and reporting method varied, limiting comparisons. The sample size in five out of six studies was fewer than 50 participants. Over 20 different measures were used across the six studies to measure outcome variables. Conclusion: Meditation may offer a patient-driven practice to reduce heart failure symptoms as well as improve psychosocial wellness and quality of life. Future research among heart failure patients should include the following: rigorous definition of meditation interventions, consistency in intervention characteristics, larger controlled trials, and standardized outcome instruments.
Do recovery outcome measures improve clinical practice? A linguistic analysis of the impact of the Hope, Agency and Opportunity measure in community mental health teams
Authors: Bowen A , Maguire T , Newman-Taylor K 
Published: July 2019

Aims: Recovery approaches are identified as the overarching framework for improving mental health services for people with severe and enduring conditions. These approaches prioritise living well with long-term conditions, as evidenced by personal recovery outcomes. There is little research demonstrating how to support busy mental health teams, work in this way. This study assessed the impact of introducing a brief measure of recovery, the Hope, Agency and Opportunity (HAO), on the attitudes and behaviours of staff working in community mental health teams, to test whether routine use of such measures facilitates recovery-based practice. Methods: Linguistic analysis assumes that language is indicative of wider attitudes and behaviours. Anonymised clinical notes recorded by community mental health team clinicians were analysed for recovery and non-recovery language, over 30 months. This covered periods before, during and after the introduction of the recovery measure. We used a single-case design ( N = 1 community mental health team) and hypothesised that clinicians would use recovery-focused language more frequently, and non-recovery-focused language less frequently, following the introduction of the measure, and that these changes would be maintained at 18-month follow-up. Results: Visual inspection of the data indicated that recovery-focused language increased following the introduction of the HAO, though this was not maintained at follow-up. This pattern was not supported by statistical analyses. No clear pattern of change was found for non-recovery-focused language. Conclusions: The introduction of a brief measure of recovery may have influenced staff attitudes and behaviours temporarily. Any longer term impact is likely to depend on ongoing commitment to the use of the measure, without which staff language, attitudes and behaviours return to previous levels.
Breast Cancer Diagnostic Delays Among Young Mexican Women Are Associated With a Lack of Suspicion by Health Care Providers at First Presentation
Authors: Unger-Saldaña Karla , Fitch-Picos Kenneth , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia 
Published: July 2019

PURPOSE There is insufficient evidence in the literature regarding the association between young age and diagnostic delay of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to determine whether young age increases the risk of diagnostic delays among patients with BC and also to identify the mechanisms through which young age affects diagnostic delay. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 592 patients with symptomatic BC treated at two of the largest public cancer hospitals in Mexico City available for the uninsured and those covered by Seguro Popular. A validated questionnaire was administered via face-to-face interviews with the patients, and their medical files were reviewed. Path analyses, using multivariable logistic regression models, were conducted to assess the relationship between age and diagnostic delay, as well as the role of potential confounders. RESULTS Younger participants (40 years of age or younger) had significantly longer diagnostic intervals and presented with more advanced cancer stage than did their older counterparts. Younger participants more often sought initial health care in private services led by gynecologists, more frequently experienced a lack of cancer suspicion by the first physician they consulted, used a higher number of different health services, and had more medical consultations before arrival to a cancer care center. Younger age was significantly associated with longer diagnostic delays after controlling for education, occupation, lack of health insurance, history of benign breast conditions, type of first health service used, specialty of the first physician consulted, first symptom presented, and benign interpretation of the first breast image study. CONCLUSION Young age increased the risk of diagnostic delays, which seems to be a result of an increased risk of lack of cancer suspicion at the first health care service consulted.
Factors Associated With Use of a High-Volume Cancer Center by Black Women With Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Cowan Renee A. , Shuk Elyse , Byrne Maureen , Abu-Rustum Nadeem R. , Chi Dennis S. , Boutin-Foster Carla , Brown Carol L. , Long Roche Kara 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVE: Disparities exist between population subgroups in the use of gynecologic oncologists and high-volume hospitals. The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences of black women obtaining ovarian cancer (OC) care at a high-volume center (HVC) and to identify patient-, provider-, and systems-related factors affecting their access to and use of this level of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one semistructured interviews were conducted as part of an institutional review board–approved protocol with women who self-identified as black or African American, treated for OC at a single HVC from January 2013 to May 2017. Recurring themes were identified in transcribed interviews through the process of independent and collaborative thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Five themes were identified: (1) internal attributes contributing to black women’s ability/desire to be treated at an HVC, (2) pathways to high- and low-volume centers, (3) obstacles to obtaining care, (4) potential barriers for black women interested in treatment at an HVC, and (5) suggestions for improving HVC use by black women. Study participants who successfully accessed care were comfortable navigating the health care system, understood the importance of self-advocacy, and valued the expertise of an HVC. Barriers to obtaining care at an HVC included lack of knowledge about the HVC, lack of referral, transportation difficulties, and lack of insurance coverage. CONCLUSION: In this qualitative study, black women treated at an HVC shared attributes and experiences that helped them access care. There is a need to collaborate with black communities and establish interventions to reduce barriers, facilitate access, and disseminate information about the value of receiving care for OC at an HVC.
Teriparatide Improves Bone and Lipid Metabolism in a Male Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Nomura Sachiko , Kitami Akihiro , Takao-Kawabata Ryoko , Takakura Aya , Nakatsugawa Momoko , Kono Ryohei , Maeno Akihiro , Tokuda Akihiko , Isogai Yukihiro , Ishizuya Toshinori , Utsunomiya Hirotoshi , Nakamura Misa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The pathology of diabetic osteoporosis is distinct from postmenopausal osteoporosis, and there are no specific treatment guidelines for diabetic osteoporosis. In the current study, this issue was addressed by evaluating the effect of osteoporosis medications, such as the anabolic agent PTH [teriparatide (TPTD)] and the antiresorptive agents calcitonin [elcatonin (ECT)] and bisphosphonate [risedronate (RIS)], on bone metabolism as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism in spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats, which are a model of type 2 DM (T2DM). The medicines were injected subcutaneously into 8-week-old male SDT fatty rats three times weekly for 8 weeks. TPTD treatment in SDT fatty rats increased the osteoblast number and function on trabecular bone in vertebrae, and increased the trabecular bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and mechanical strength of vertebrae. Additionally, TPTD improved cortical bone structure and increased BMD. RIS decreased the osteoclast number and function, which led to an increase in vertebral bone mineral content and BMD in the femoral diaphysis, and mechanical strength was increased in the vertebrae. ECT showed no clear effects on bone mass or metabolism. Similar to diabetic lesions, all of the drugs had no effects on hyperglycemia, pancreas morphology, or serum insulin and glucagon levels. However, triglyceride levels and lipid droplets in fatty liver were decreased in the TPTD group. These results suggest that TPTD may be useful for treating fatty liver in addition to osteoporosis in T2DM.
Neither Hormonal Factors Nor AGEs Explain Lower Prostate Cancer Risk in Older Men With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Chan Yi X , Alfonso Helman , Fegan P Gerry , Flicker Leon , Yeap Bu B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Diabetes mellitus is conventionally associated with an increased risk of cancer; however, inverse associations of diabetes with prostate cancer are well described. Mechanisms are unclear, although hormonal factors, including alterations in sex hormone and IGF1 concentrations due to metabolic disturbances, have been hypothesized to play a role.

Objective
To assess sex hormones, IGF1, glucose, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as potential mediators of the association between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer.

Design and Participants
Longitudinal cohort study. The association of baseline diabetes with prostate cancer incidence was assessed using proportional hazards competing risks analysis in 3149 men followed for 12 years. Baseline hormone, glucose, and carboxymethyllysine (CML) levels were examined as potential mediators of this association.

Results
Diabetes was associated with a lower prostate cancer risk (fully adjusted subhazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92; P = 0.017). This association was unchanged after accounting for testosterone, DHT, estradiol, or SHBG. Similarly, the addition of IGF1 or its binding proteins 1 and 3, or glucose, did not alter this association. CML was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer, and additional correction for CML in the fully adjusted model did not alter the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk.

Conclusions
In this study, alterations in sex hormone, IGF1, glucose, and CML levels did not account for the inverse association of diabetes and prostate cancer risk. Further studies are required to provide more insight into underlying causes of this association.
Wheat VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet development and spike determinacy
Authors: Li Chengxia , Lin Huiqiong , Chen Andrew , Lau Meiyee , Jernstedt Judy , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The spikelet is the basic unit of the grass inflorescence. In this study, we show that wheat MADS-box genes VRN1, FUL2 and FUL3 play critical and redundant roles in spikelet and spike development, and also affect flowering time and plant height. In the vrn1ful2ful3-null triple mutant, the inflorescence meristem formed a normal double-ridge structure, but then the lateral meristems generated vegetative tillers subtended by leaves instead of spikelets. These results suggest an essential role of these three genes in the fate of the upper spikelet ridge and the suppression of the lower leaf ridge. Inflorescence meristems of vrn1ful2ful3-null and vrn1ful2-null remained indeterminate and single vrn1-null and ful2-null mutants showed delayed formation of the terminal spikelet and increased number of spikelets per spike. Moreover, the ful2-null mutant showed more florets per spikelet, which together with a higher number of spikelets, resulted in a significant increase in the number of grains per spike in the field. Our results suggest that a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying wheat spikelet and spike development can inform future strategies to improve grain yield in wheat.
RETRACTED: Widely tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on selective parity-time-symmetry breaking
Authors: Tang Haitao , Yu Yuan , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: July 2019

Optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) are promising solutions for generating microwave signals with low phase noise and wideband tunability, and they can be applied to converging systems such as communications, radars, and electronic warfare systems. However, a significant challenge remains in ensuring a low phase noise, wideband tunability, and ultra-high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) simultaneously. Parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking provides an excellent tool for single-mode oscillation by exploiting the interplay between the gain and loss. The oscillation mode was previously fixed because the breaking of the PT symmetry cannot be accurately manipulated. Herein, we propose an OEO with selective PT-symmetry breaking showing a wideband tunability and ultra-high SMSR. The tunability of the proposed OEO is attributed to the selection of different modes to break the PT symmetry using a widely tunable microwave photonic filter (MPF). The large roll-off of the MPF significantly enhances the gain difference between the selected and competing modes. Consequently, both the output power and SMSR of the OEO increase. During the experiment, the measured oscillation frequency is tuned from 2.6 to 40 GHz. The output power of the selected mode is enhanced by 12.9 dB, and the maximal SMSR reaches up to 71.4 dB. Further, the measured phase noise of the OEO at 17.74 GHz reaches
−129  dBc/Hz
at a 10-kHz offset frequency. Exploration of the selective PT-symmetry breaking provides the possibility of developing classes of widely tunable OEOs with an ultra-high SMSR and excellent low phase noise simultaneously.
Converging practices: Fashion exhibits across museums and social media
Authors: Jenss Heike 
Published: July 2019

The term ‘curation’ has migrated from the museum into everyday life, particularly on social media, and this speaks to a shifting understanding of people’s engagement with arts, culture and commodities. ‘Curation’ accentuates the participatory nature of social media, as users co-produce, edit and share content online. The term also alludes to social media’s capacity as archive and exhibition space for the documentation, display, collection and recollection of looks and styles, experiences, events and emotions. The Costume Institute at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MET) in New York was one of the first museums to acknowledge the increasing impact of participatory media with the 2007 exhibition blog.mode: addressing fashion. This established a connection between the museum collection and the fashion blog as two different forms of fashion archiving, display and discourse. Today, the use of social media and the museum visitor’s own image production (for example, for #artselfies) is a component of curatorial practice, increasing the appeal of fashion exhibitions and new forms of engagement with museums and museum objects.
By reviewing selected examples of fashion museums and archives in the United States – two major museums and two independent online archives – this article explores some of the convergences between the material culture of fashion, mediatization and musealization, including fashion curation beyond the museum, and cultural memory-making through ephemeral media.