bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limited synergy of obesity and hypertension, prevalent risk factors in onset and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Brandt Maarten M. , Nguyen Isabel T. N. , Krebber Merle M. , van de Wouw Jens , Mokry Michal , Cramer Maarten J. , Duncker Dirk J. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Joles Jaap A. , Cheng Caroline 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity and hypertension are prevalent comorbidities in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. To clarify if and how interaction between these comorbidities contributes to development of diastolic dysfunction, lean and obese ZSF1 rats were treated with deoxycorticosterone acetate implants and a high‐salt diet (DS) to induce severe hypertension, or with placebo. In addition to echocardiographic, metabolic and hemodynamic analyses, immunohistochemistry and RNAseq were performed on left ventricular tissue. Obesity negatively affected cardiac output, led to an elevated E/e’ ratio and mildly reduced ejection fraction. DS‐induced hypertension did not affect cardiac output and minimally elevated E/e’ ratio. Diastolic derangements in placebo‐treated obese rats developed in absence of inflammation and fibrosis, yet in presence of oxidative stress and hypertrophic remodelling. In contrast, hypertension triggered apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis, with limited synergy of the comorbidities observed for inflammation and fibrosis. Transcriptional data suggested that these comorbidities exerted opposite effects on mitochondrial function. In placebo‐treated obese rats, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were up‐regulated, whereas DS‐induced a down‐regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, limited interaction was observed between these comorbidities in development of diastolic dysfunction. Importantly, differences in obesity‐ and hypertension‐induced cardiac remodelling emphasize the necessity for comorbidity‐specific phenotypical characterization.
Mismatches in the production of a scoping review: Highlighting the interplay of (in)formalities
Authors: Sager Morten , Pistone Isabella 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe move towards evidence‐based medicine has generated rapid growth in reviews of research literature. The scoping review is one of the new literature reviews that has emerged from traditional systematic reviews. A scoping review aims to map the literature on a particular topic or research area. As scoping reviews become more popular, methods for conducting scoping reviews are rapidly increasing. In light of these recent developments, this paper investigates how complex scoping reviews are conducted. As an analytical framework, we draw on previous work about (in)formalities (ie, the interplay of formalities and informal judgments in scientific research). We show how the process of constructing a population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO), searching and selecting relevant literature, requires informal deliberations, judgments, and choices that are not considered in the formal methodology used when conducting scoping reviews. This paper asks the following questions: What could be learned from this empirical case of conducting a scoping review by applying theoretical insights about (in)formalities? What are the possible implications for future development of scoping reviews? We provide three suggestions. First, PICO served as a starting point for the review process, supported decisions continuously during the process, and served as an image of the end product of the scoping review. We suggest that these three roles need to be considered to a larger extent in the future development of scoping review methods. Second, the contextual constraints of scoping reviews such as time, resources, and the jurisdiction of the commissioning agency need to be made explicit in the reporting of scoping reviews. Third, the findings in this paper indicate that the evolving emphasis on formalization in both the methods the reporting practices of scoping reviews could benefit if complemented with a more pronounced role for informalities. In addition, highlighting the informalities in scoping review methods may serve to create more realistic expectations of the methods, the validity, and the potentials of scoping reviews.
Influence of pretreatment tumor growth rate on objective response of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Purcell Yvonne , Sartoris Riccardo , Paradis Valérie , Vilgrain Valérie , Ronot Maxime 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe study aims to assess the influence of pretreatment tumor growth rate (TGR) on modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST) objective response (OR) after a first session of selective transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsOne hundred fifteen patients (101 men [88%], mean 65.1 ± 10.5 years [range 26–87]) with 169 tumors (mean 34.2 ± 29.3 mm [10–160]), undergoing a first session of selective TACE for the treatment of HCC between 2011 and 2016, were included. TGR was calculated as the percentage change in tumor volume per month (%/month) on imaging before treatment. TGR cut‐off for prediction of OR was identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.ResultsOverall 88/189 (52%) and 46/189 (27%) tumors showed complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) (OR rate 79%), while 32/189 (19%) showed stable disease (SD), and 3/189 (2%) were progressive disease (PD) on computed tomography at 1‐month post‐TACE. The mean pretreatment TGR was 12.0 ± 15.4 (−3.2–90.4) %/month. TGR of tumors showing CR, PR, SD, and PD was a mean 13.2 ± 16.4%, 12.1 ± 15.1%, 5.3 ± 4.5%, and 44.8 ± 20.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). The three tumors showing PD had TGR values > 20%/month. TGR was significantly higher in tumors with OR (12.8 ± 15.9% vs 5.3 ± 4.5% in SD, P = 0.009). A cut‐off value of 6.5%/month had the highest predictive value of OR (AUROC 0.65 ± 0.05, P = 0.009).ConclusionPretreatment TGR is highly variable in HCC before TACE with a U‐shaped distribution for the prediction of tumor response. It provides insight into tumor biology that may be used during pretreatment workup to help stratify patients.
Bacterial Vaginosis: A Clinical Update with a Focus on Complementary and Alternative Therapies
Authors: Falconi‐McCahill Antoinette 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacterial vaginosis is a prevalent vaginal infection that affects women of all ages. Presenting symptoms include a vaginal discharge that is thin and white and has a fishy odor. This infection is associated with the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections as well as premature labor and preterm birth. Recurrence rates after treatment are high, and medication adverse effects are common, leading many women to seek alternative therapies to manage and prevent recurrence. Many of these treatments are searchable online, and ingredients are easily obtainable. The purpose of this article is to review the state of the science regarding the safety and efficacy of alternative therapies for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant women.
Two Pantoea agglomerans type III effectors can transform nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacteria into host‐specific gall‐forming pathogens
Authors: Nissan Gal , Chalupowicz Laura , Sessa Guido , Manulis‐Sasson Shulamit , Barash Isaac 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPantoea agglomerans (Pa), a widespread commensal bacterium, has evolved into a host‐specific gall‐forming pathogen on gypsophila and beet by acquiring a plasmid harbouring a type III secretion system (T3SS) and effectors (T3Es). Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) elicits galls on beet and gypsophila. HsvG and HsvB are two paralogous T3Es present in both pathovars and act as host‐specific transcription activators on gypsophila and beet, respectively. PthG and PseB are major T3Es that contribute to gall development of Pag and Pab, respectively. To establish the minimal combinations of T3Es that are sufficient to elicit gall symptoms, strains of the nonpathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens 55, Pa 3‐1, Pa 98 and Escherichia coli, transformed with pHIR11 harbouring a T3SS, and the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia amylovora, Dickeya solani and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were transformed with the T3Es hsvG, hsvB, pthG and pseB, either individually or in pairs, and used to infect gypsophila and beet. Strikingly, all the tested nonpathogenic and phytopathogenic bacterial strains harbouring hsvG and pthG incited galls on gypsophila, whereas strains harbouring hsvB and pseB, with the exception of E. coli, incited galls on beet.
Mindful eating and common diet programs lower body weight similarly: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fuentes Artiles Ruben , Staub Kaspar , Aldakak Lafi , Eppenberger Patrick , Rühli Frank , Bender Nicole 
Published: August 2019

SummaryCommon strategies for reducing body weight rely on limiting energy intake and restricting food choices. However, these strategies have often been proven ineffective in achieving long‐term and sustainable weight reduction. More recently, mindful eating as an alternative weight management strategy has gained increasing attention, yet systematic reviews on intuitive or mindful eating published so far present contradictory results. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on randomized controlled trials on weight loss programs based on mindful or intuitive eating. We analyzed results using meta‐regressions. We included a total of 10 studies and found a significant weight loss effect of mindful/intuitive eating strategies compared with nonintervention controls (−0.348 kg, 95% CI: −0.591 to −0.105, P = 0.005). However, there was no difference compared with conventional diet programs (P = 0.99). Reduction of BMI (−0.137 kg/m2, 95% CI: −0.365 to 0.091, P = 0.240) or waist circumference (−0.358 cm, 95% CI: −0.916 to 0.200, P = 0.209) were not statistically significant. Mindful/intuitive eating could be a practical approach to weight control. Limitations of this study include the unbalanced sex, origin, place of residence of the participants, and the short duration of interventions. Future research should aim at investigating long‐term effects and include a more heterogeneous study population.
Bureaucratic decision‐making: A multi‐method study of gender similarity bias and gender stereotype beliefs
Authors: Pedersen Mogens J. , Nielsen Vibeke L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch finds evidence for bias in frontline workers’ decision‐making affecting citizens, but important questions remain about the underlying causal logics: which mechanisms explain disparity in decision‐making for different demographic categories of citizens? To what extent is frontline workers’ decision‐making influenced by cognitive biases toward citizens similar to themselves (similarity bias) and by stereotypes? Focusing on gender bias and drawing on social identity theory and gender stereotype theory, this article examines how caseworker–citizen gender similarity and gender stereotypes shape caseworkers’ decision‐making. Using (a) an experimental vignette, (b) measurement of gender stereotype beliefs from a Brief Implicit Association Test, and (c) quasi‐experimental administrative data, we examine the effects of gender similarity and gender stereotypes in the policy area of child visitation in Denmark. We find support for both gender similarity and gender stereotype expectations. Moreover, the effect of gender stereotypes appears slightly larger than that of gender similarity.
Cadmium stress suppresses lateral root formation by interfering with the root clock
Authors: Xie Yuanming , Wang Jiahui , Zheng Lulu , Wang Yu , Luo Long , Ma Mingyue , Zhang Chi , Han Yi , Beeckman Tom , Xu Guohua , Cai Qingsheng , Xuan Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA biological clock activated by oscillating signals, known as root clock, has been linked to lateral root (LR) formation and is essential for regular LR spacing along the primary root. However, it remains unclear how this internal mechanism is influenced by environmental factors known to affect the LR pattern. Here, we report that excessive cadmium (Cd) inhibits LR formation by disrupting the lateral root cap (LRC)‐programmed cell death (PCD)‐regulated root clock. Cd restricts the frequency of the oscillating signal rather than its amplitude. This could be attributed to the inhibition on meristematic activity by Cd, which resulted in decreased LRC cell number and LRC‐PCD frequency. Genetic evidence further showed that LRC cell number is positively correlated with root resistance to Cd. Our study reveals root cap dynamics as a novel mechanism mediating root responses to Cd, providing insight into the signalling pathways of the root clock responding to environmental cues.
Efficacy Foundations for Risk Communication: How People Think About Reducing the Risks of Climate Change
Authors: Crosman Katherine M. , Bostrom Ann , Hayes Adam L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBelieving action to reduce the risks of climate change is both possible (self‐efficacy) and effective (response efficacy) is essential to motivate and sustain risk mitigation efforts, according to current risk communication theory. Although the public recognizes the dangers of climate change, and is deluged with lists of possible mitigative actions, little is known about public efficacy beliefs in the context of climate change. Prior efficacy studies rely on conflicting constructs and measures of efficacy, and links between efficacy and risk management actions are muddled. As a result, much remains to learn about how laypersons think about the ease and effectiveness of potential mitigative actions. To bring clarity and inform risk communication and management efforts, we investigate how people think about efficacy in the context of climate change risk management by analyzing unprompted and prompted beliefs from two national surveys (N = 405, N = 1,820). In general, respondents distinguish little between effective and ineffective climate strategies. While many respondents appreciate that reducing fossil fuel use is an effective risk mitigation strategy, overall assessments reflect persistent misconceptions about climate change causes, and uncertainties about the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies. Our findings suggest targeting climate change risk communication and management strategies to (1) address gaps in people's existing mental models of climate action, (2) leverage existing public understanding of both potentially effective mitigation strategies and the collective action dilemma at the heart of climate change action, and (3) take into account ideologically driven reactions to behavior change and government action framed as climate action.
Phylotranscriptomics resolves phylogeny of the Heliozelidae (Adeloidea: Lepidoptera) and suggests a Late Cretaceous origin in Australia
Authors: Milla Liz , Moussalli Adnan , Wilcox Stephen A. , van Nieukerken Erik J. , Young David A. , Halsey Mike , McConville Thomas , Jones Therésa M. , Kallies Axel , Hilton Douglas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHeliozelidae are a cosmopolitan family of small, day‐flying moths, and include some pest species of commercial crops. Overall, the family is poorly known and lacks a well‐resolved phylogeny. Previous molecular and taxonomic work has revealed rich undescribed diversity within the family, particularly in Australia; however, the relationships amongst the major clades or genera were not resolved. We sequenced the transcriptomes of 39 taxa, representing all major genera of Heliozelidae, and seven outgroups representing most other Adeloidea families and the putative sister superfamily, Andesianoidea. The resulting phylogeny, based on the coding sequences of up to 1049 nuclear genes, provides a robust hypothesis for the generic relationships within Heliozelidae. On the basis of this analysis, the genus Plesiozela, previously proposed as sister group to all other Heliozelidae, is excluded from the family and formally transferred to Incurvariidae. By incorporating fossil and secondary time calibrations into our phylogeny, we estimated that Heliozelidae ancestors first appeared at the beginning of the Late Cretaceous, approximately 95 Ma. We propose an ancestral biogeographical range hypothesis of the family, based on a combination of our transcriptome data and a previous multigene study including over 100 species. Our ancestral range modelling results suggest that Heliozelidae are likely to have originated in the Australian region, with subsequent range expansions to the rest of the world.
Stress State Control by a Novel Bending Process and its Effect on Damage and Product Performance
Authors: Meya Rickmer , Löbbe Christian , Tekkaya A. Erman 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The novel sheet metal bending process is designed to change the load path in order to control the damage evolution. The process superposes targeted radial stresses during bending and is therefore called radial stress superposed (RSS) bending. As material damage is strongly dependent on the load path, the setting of this property becomes possible in this process. Hence, the process principle, its features, and the tool setup are presented. Furthermore, numerical simulations are carried out with the aim to investigate the occurring deformation zone and the resulting radial stress superposition. Scanning electron micrographs prove that the evolution of voids is delayed. With the acquired knowledge to change the stress state during the bending process, the property “damage” can be controlled and finally reduced. This enhances the microstructure and lifetime performance of the bent product. The improved product performance is shown by a newly designed specimen for impact testing of bent products.
Dynamic Reliability and Global Sensitivity Analysis for Hydraulic Pipe Based on Sparse Grid Integral Method
Authors: Qing Guo , Tangqi Lv , Yongshou Liu , Bingqian Chen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Due to the extremely rough working environment, aero-hydraulic pipes face serious dynamic failure problems in applications for practical engineering. This paper proposes a dynamic reliability and moment-independent global sensitivity analysis (GSA) method to evaluate the dynamic reliability and the effects of random input variables on the dynamic reliability of aero-hydraulic pipes. Based on the Miner criterion for the cumulative damage of structural fatigue, this paper establishes the dynamic reliability analysis method under the condition of double random vibration. In order to further analyze the influence of the uncertainty of each random variable of pipe on its dynamic reliability, a moment-independent global sensitivity index for dynamic reliability based on cumulative distribution function is proposed in this paper. The index can reflect the effects of random variables on dynamic reliability quantitatively. Based on the proposed GSA method of dynamic reliability, a sparse grid integral (SGI) method is introduced to solve the dynamic reliability and moment-independent global sensitivity index, with high computational efficiency. Finally, the effects of clamp supports, diameters, and curvature of curved pipe on the dynamic reliability and GSA are analyzed through a hydraulic piping example.
Kinematic Optimization of a Reconfigurable Spherical Parallel Mechanism for Robotic-Assisted Craniotomy
Authors: Essomba Terence , Hsu Yang , Sandoval Arevalo Juan Sebastian , Laribi Med Amine , Zeghloul Said 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The craniotomy is a surgical task that is required to allow access to the patient's brain. It consists of using neurosurgical drills to open a path through the skull. The high risk resulting from human dexterous limit justifies the use of an accurate robotic system to perform craniotomy. The present work introduces the kinematic design of a mechanism for a robotic manipulator dedicated to craniotomy. Motion capture experiments have been carried out to measure the motion of a surgical drill during the execution of craniotomy on human cadavers. The results of the experiments are discussed. As this medical application requires a remote center of motion (RCM), a new type of 3-RRR spherical parallel mechanism (SPM) is proposed to manipulate the surgical drill. The novelty of this mechanism is the integration of a reconfigurable base that re-orients the first revolute joint of the RRR legs. A mechanical architecture concept is introduced to implement this reconfiguration. It is made of three pantographic linkages that manipulate the base of the SPM. The kinematics of the new mechanism is analyzed. The influence of this reconfigurable parameter is studied on two different aspects: the mechanism workspace and kinematic performances. Based on these kinematic data, the optimization of a mechanism is performed. The drill motion trajectories are used to evaluate the behavior of the optimized mechanism. It is finally compared to the classical SPM with a trihedral base, showing the contribution of the new reconfiguration variable on the mechanism dexterity.
Randomised trial of cord clamping at very preterm birth: outcomes at 2 years
Authors: Armstrong-Buisseret Lindsay , Powers Katie , Dorling Jon , Bradshaw Lucy , Johnson Samantha , Mitchell Eleanor , Duley Lelia 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo report outcomes at 2 years corrected age for children of women recruited to a trial comparing alternative policies for timing of cord clamping and immediate neonatal care at very preterm birth.DesignParallel group randomised (1:1) trial.SettingEight UK tertiary maternity units.ParticipantsTwo hundred and seventy-six babies born to 261 women expected to have a live birth before 32+0 weeks’ gestation.InterventionsDeferred cord clamping (≥2 min) and immediate neonatal care with cord intact or immediate (≤20 s) clamping and immediate neonatal care after clamping.Main outcome measureComposite of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years corrected age.ResultsSix babies born after 35+6 weeks were excluded. At 2 years corrected age, outcome data were not available for a further 52 children, leaving 218 for analysis (115 deferred clamping, 103 immediate clamping). Overall, 24/115 (21%) children allocated deferred clamping died or had an adverse neurodevelopmental outcome compared with 35/103 (34%) allocated immediate clamping; risk ratio (RR) 0.61 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.96); risk difference (RD) −13% (95% CI −25% to −1%). Multiple imputation for missing data gave an RR 0.69 (95% CI 0.44 to 1.09) and RD −9% (95% CI −21% to 2%).ConclusionsDeferred clamping and immediate neonatal care with cord intact may reduce the risk of death or adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age for children born very premature. Confirmation in larger studies is needed to determine the real benefits and harms.Trial registration numberISRCTN21456601.