bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redistribution of stars and gas in the star formation deserts of barred galaxies
Authors: Donohoe-Keyes C E , Martig M , James P A , Kraljic K 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Bars strongly influence the distribution of gas and stars within the central regions of their host galaxies. This is particularly pronounced in the star formation desert (SFD) which is defined as two symmetrical regions either side of the bar that show a deficit in young stars. Previous studies proposed that, if star formation is truncated because of the influence of the bar, then the age distribution of stars within the SFD could be used to determine the epoch of bar formation. To test this, we study the properties of SFDs in six galaxies from zoom-in cosmological re-simulations. Age maps reveal old regions on both sides of the bars, with a lack of stars younger than 10 Myr, confirming the SFD phenomenon. Local star formation is truncated in the SFDs because after the bar forms, gas in these regions is removed on 1 Gyr time-scales. However, the overall age distribution of stars in the SFD does not show a sharp truncation after bar formation but rather a gradual downturn in comparison to that of the bar. This more subtle signature may still give information on bar formation epochs in observed galaxies, but the interpretation will be more difficult than originally hoped. The gradual drop in the SFD age distribution, instead of a truncation, is due to radial migration of stars born in the disc. The SFD is thus one of the only regions where an uncontaminated sample of stars only affected by radial migration can be studied.
Post-starburst galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Chen Yan-Mei , Shi Yong , Wild Vivienne , Tremonti Christy , Rowlands Kate , Bizyaev Dmitry , Yan Renbin , Lin Lihwai , Riffel Rogério 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Post-starburst galaxies, identified by their unusually strong Balmer absorption lines and weaker than average emission lines, have traditionally been selected based on their central stellar populations. Here we identify 360 galaxies with post-starburst regions from the MaNGA integral field survey and classify these galaxies into three types: 31 galaxies with central post-starburst regions (CPSB), 37 galaxies with off-centre ring-like post-starburst regions (RPSB), and 292 galaxies with irregular post-starburst regions (IPSB). Focusing on the CPSB and RPSB samples, and comparing their radial gradients in Dn4000, HδA, and W(H α) to control samples, we find that while the CPSBs have suppressed star formation throughout their bulge and disc, and there is clear evidence of rapid decline of star formation in the central regions, the RPSBs only show clear evidence of recently rapidly suppressed star formation in their outer regions and an ongoing central starburst. The radial profiles in mass-weighted age and stellar v/σ indicate that CPSBs and RPSBs are not simply different evolutionary stages of the same event, rather the CPSB galaxies are caused by a significant disruptive event, while the RPSB galaxies are caused by disruption of gas fuelling to the outer regions. Compared to the control samples, both CPSB and RPSB galaxies show a higher fraction of interactions/mergers, misaligned gas, or bars that might be the cause of the gas inflows and subsequent quenching.
possis: predicting spectra, light curves, and polarization for multidimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae
Authors: Bulla M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present possis, a time-dependent three-dimensional Monte Carlo code for modelling radiation transport in supernovae and kilonovae. The code incorporates wavelength- and time-dependent opacities, and predicts viewing-angle dependent spectra, light curves, and polarization for both idealized and hydrodynamical explosion models. We apply the code to a kilonova model with two distinct ejecta components, one including lanthanide elements with relatively high opacities and the other devoid of lanthanides and characterized by lower opacities. We find that a model with total ejecta mass $M_\mathrm{ej}=0.04\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and half-opening angle of the lanthanide-rich component Φ = 30° provides a good match to GW 170817/AT 2017gfo for orientations near the polar axis (i.e. for a system viewed close to face-on). We then show how crucial is the use of self-consistent multidimensional models in place of combining one-dimensional models to infer important parameters, such as the ejecta masses. We finally explore the impact of Mej and Φ on the synthetic observables and highlight how the relatively fast computation times of possis make it well-suited to perform parameter-space studies and extract key properties of supernovae and kilonovae. Spectra calculated with possis in this and future studies will be made publicly available.
“Lost and Found”: snoRNA Annotation in the Xenopus Genome and Implications for Evolutionary Studies
Authors: Deryusheva Svetlana , Talhouarne Gaëlle J S , Gall Joseph G 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmall nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) function primarily as guide RNAs for posttranscriptional modification of rRNAs and spliceosomal snRNAs, both of which are functionally important and evolutionarily conserved molecules. It is commonly believed that snoRNAs and the modifications they mediate are highly conserved across species. However, most relevant data on snoRNA annotation and RNA modification are limited to studies on human and yeast. Here, we used RNA-sequencing data from the giant oocyte nucleus of the frog Xenopus tropicalis to annotate a nearly complete set of snoRNAs. We compared the frog data with snoRNA sets from human and other vertebrate genomes, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. We identified many Xenopus-specific (or nonhuman) snoRNAs and Xenopus-specific domains in snoRNAs from conserved RNA families. We predicted that some of these nonhuman snoRNAs and domains mediate modifications at unexpected positions in rRNAs and snRNAs. These modifications were mapped as predicted when RNA modification assays were applied to RNA from nine vertebrate species: frogs X. tropicalis and X. laevis, newt Notophthalmus viridescens, axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum, whiptail lizard Aspidoscelis neomexicana, zebrafish Danio rerio, chicken, mouse, and human. This analysis revealed that only a subset of RNA modifications is evolutionarily conserved and that modification patterns may vary even between closely related species. We speculate that each functional domain in snoRNAs (half of an snoRNA) may evolve independently and shuffle between different snoRNAs.
SLX4IP acts with SLX4 and XPF–ERCC1 to promote interstrand crosslink repair
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Chen Zhen , Ye Yin , Ye Zu , Cao Dan , Xiong Yun , Srivastava Mrinal , Feng Xu , Tang Mengfan , Wang Chao , Tainer John A , Chen Junjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterstrand crosslinks (ICLs) are highly toxic DNA lesions that are repaired via a complex process requiring the coordination of several DNA repair pathways. Defects in ICL repair result in Fanconi anemia, which is characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and a high incidence of malignancies. SLX4, also known as FANCP, acts as a scaffold protein and coordinates multiple endonucleases that unhook ICLs, resolve homologous recombination intermediates, and perhaps remove unhooked ICLs. In this study, we explored the role of SLX4IP, a constitutive factor in the SLX4 complex, in ICL repair. We found that SLX4IP is a novel regulatory factor; its depletion sensitized cells to treatment with ICL-inducing agents and led to accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase. We further discovered that SLX4IP binds to SLX4 and XPF–ERCC1 simultaneously and that disruption of one interaction also disrupts the other. The binding of SLX4IP to both SLX4 and XPF–ERCC1 not only is vital for maintaining the stability of SLX4IP protein, but also promotes the interaction between SLX4 and XPF–ERCC1, especially after DNA damage. Collectively, these results demonstrate a new regulatory role for SLX4IP in maintaining an efficient SLX4–XPF–ERCC1 complex in ICL repair.
cellHarmony: cell-level matching and holistic comparison of single-cell transcriptomes
Authors: DePasquale Erica A K , Schnell Daniel , Dexheimer Phillip , Ferchen Kyle , Hay Stuart , Chetal Kashish , Valiente-Alandí Íñigo , Blaxall Burns C , Grimes H Leighton , Salomonis Nathan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo understand the molecular pathogenesis of human disease, precision analyses to define alterations within and between disease-associated cell populations are desperately needed. Single-cell genomics represents an ideal platform to enable the identification and comparison of normal and diseased transcriptional cell populations. We created cellHarmony, an integrated solution for the unsupervised analysis, classification, and comparison of cell types from diverse single-cell RNA-Seq datasets. cellHarmony efficiently and accurately matches single-cell transcriptomes using a community-clustering and alignment strategy to compute differences in cell-type specific gene expression over potentially dozens of cell populations. Such transcriptional differences are used to automatically identify distinct and shared gene programs among cell-types and identify impacted pathways and transcriptional regulatory networks to understand the impact of perturbations at a systems level. cellHarmony is implemented as a python package and as an integrated workflow within the software AltAnalyze. We demonstrate that cellHarmony has improved or equivalent performance to alternative label projection methods, is able to identify the likely cellular origins of malignant states, stratify patients into clinical disease subtypes from identified gene programs, resolve discrete disease networks impacting specific cell-types, and illuminate therapeutic mechanisms. Thus, this approach holds tremendous promise in revealing the molecular and cellular origins of complex disease.
Eight-Year Experience of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and the Trend of Carbapenem Use at a Tertiary Acute-Care Hospital in Japan—The Impact of Postprescription Review and Feedback
Authors: Akazawa Tsubasa , Kusama Yoshiki , Fukuda Haruhisa , Hayakawa Kayoko , Kutsuna Satoshi , Moriyama Yuki , Ohashi Hirotake , Tamura Saeko , Yamamoto Kei , Hara Ryohei , Shigeno Ayako , Ota Masayuki , Ishikane Masahiro , Tokita Shunichiro , Terakado Hiroyuki , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
We implemented a stepwise antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP). This study evaluated the effect of each intervention and the overall economic impact on carbapenem (CAR) use.

Method
Carbapenem days of therapy (CAR-DOT) were calculated to assess the effect of each intervention, and antipseudomonal DOT were calculated to assess changes in use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. We carried out segmented regression analysis of studies with interrupted time series for 3 periods: Phase 1 (infectious disease [ID] consultation service only), Phase 2 (adding monitoring and e-mail feedback), and Phase 3 (adding postprescription review and feedback [PPRF] led by ID specialist doctors and pharmacists). We also estimated cost savings over the study period due to decreased CAR use.

Results
The median monthly CAR-DOT, per month per 100 patient-days, during Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 was 5.46, 3.69, and 2.78, respectively. The CAR-DOT decreased significantly immediately after the start of Phase 2, but a major decrease was not observed during this period. Although the immediate change was not apparent after Phase 3 started, CAR-DOT decreased significantly over this period. Furthermore, the monthly DOT of 3 alternative antipseudomonal agents also decreased significantly over the study period, but the incidence of antimicrobial resistance did not decrease. Cost savings over the study period, due to decreased CAR use, was estimated to be US $150 000.

Conclusions
Adding PPRF on the conventional ASP may accelerate antimicrobial stewardship. Our CAR stewardship program has had positive results, and implementation is ongoing.
Invasive Fungal Carotiditis: A Rare Manifestation of Cranial Invasive Fungal Disease: Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Little Jessica S , Cheng Matthew P , Hsu Liangge , Corrales C Eduardo , Marty Francisco M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Rhinosinusitis, malignant otitis externa, and skull base osteomyelitis represent a spectrum of cranial invasive fungal disease (IFD). These syndromes have distinct characteristics, yet they may progress to involve similar structures, resulting in inflammation and invasion of the adjacent internal carotid artery (ICA). Invasive fungal carotiditis can have devastating consequences, including cerebral infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and death.

Methods
We retrospectively studied all patients diagnosed with cranial IFD and carotid involvement at our institution from 2003 to 2018. We also searched Medline/PubMed for reports of Aspergillus or Mucorales cranial infections with ICA involvement. All cases with mycologic evidence of cranial IFD and radiographic or pathologic evidence of ICA involvement were included.

Results
We identified 78 cases of invasive fungal carotiditis between 1958 and 2018, including 4 cases at our own institution. Forty-one were caused by Aspergillus and 37 by Mucorales species. Presenting symptoms included vision changes (73%), cranial nerve palsy (69%), and headache (42%). Carotid events included occlusion, aneurysm formation, and vessel rupture. Cerebral infarcts occurred in 50% of cases. Mortality at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 2 years was 27%, 41%, and 71% respectively. The median time from symptom onset to death was 150 days for cases due to Aspergillus and 51 days for cases due to Mucorales species.

Conclusions
Invasive fungal carotiditis is a rare but morbid manifestation of cranial IFD. Early suspicion of IFD and administration of antifungal treatment, vascular imaging, and endovascular interventions should be considered to reduce the high mortality of this disease.
Overall variation of the H2O masers around W Hydrae in 28 years
Authors: Imai Hiroshi , Nakagawa Akiharu , Takaba Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present the distribution of H$_2$O masers associated with the semi-regular variable star W Hydrae (W Hya). We have collected the radio interferometric data of the maser distribution taken with the Very Large Array (VLA), the Kashima–Nobeyama InterFErometer (KNIFE), the Multi-Element Radio Link Network (MERLIN), the VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA), and the combined array of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) and VERA (KaVA) in order to trace the maser distribution variation in two decades. Even though differences in the sensitivities and angular resolutions of the interferometric observations should be taken into account, we attempt to find possible correlation of the maser distribution with the stellar light curve. Our failure in the measurement of the annual parallax of the masers with VERA is likely caused by the properties of the maser features, which have been spatially resolved by the synthesized beam and survived for only half a year or less. No dependence of the maser spot flux density on its size is found in the KNIFE data, suggesting that maser spot size is determined by the physical boundary, as is expected for a clump affected by outward propagation of a stellar pulsation shock wave, rather than the (spherical) geometry of maser beaming in the maser gas clump.
L’échange d’arguments autour de l’élaboration du droit économique à partir du Traité mettant en commun les listes des matières d’affaires*
Authors: Womdjou Francis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The cooperation between universities inside or outside the Francophonie network is the main methodological approach proposes in this article. This cooperation is effective between Canada, Belgium and France and some OHADA member States; the plan is to extend this cooperation to European Union where researchers are working to write European Business Law. In Africa as in Europa, this cooperation can enable the exchange of arguments on how to write Business Law accepted by all the parties.
Factors Associated With Long-term Risk of Recurrence After Percutaneous Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Patients With Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Zheng Shuyue , Li Xiuhua , Li Ran , Yang Liqiang , He Liangliang , Cao Guoqing , Yang Zhanmin , Ni Jiaxiang 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
This study aimed to estimate risk factors associated with recurrence after radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT) of the Gasserian ganglion among a large sample of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) during a long-term follow-up.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of data from 1481 patients with TN who underwent RFT from 2005 through 2017. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors of all patient characteristics were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Prognostic value was determined by prognostic index (PI) with regression coefficients and receiver-operating characteristic curve model.

Results:
The median of RFS was 136 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 123.5-148.5). The rate of RFS was 85.3% (95% CI: 83.5%-87.1%) at 1 year, 74.6% (95% CI: 72.2%-77.0%) at 3 years, 68.0% (95% CI: 65.5%-70.5%) at 5 years, and 54.9% (95% CI: 51.6%-58.2%) at 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed that atypical facial pain (hazard ratio [HR]=16.914, 95% CI: 13.117-21.808, P<0.001), Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Class II/III facial hypesthesia before undergoing RFT (HR=2.47, 95% CI: 1.52-4.016, P<0.001)/(HR=3.288, 95% CI: 1.035-10.433, P=0.044), and history of previous microvascular decompression/RFT/neurosurgeries≥2 (HR=1.642, 95% CI: 0.941-2.863, P=0.041)/(HR=2.808, 95% CI: 1.819-4.334, P<0.001)/(HR=3.83, 95% CI: 1.802-8.146, P<0.001) were independently associated with RFS. Patients with PI>0.764 were identified as high-risk patients for TN recurrence with a median RFS of 36 months (95% CI: 23.9-48.1) compared with those with PI<0.764 (HR=6.785, 95% CI: 5.371-8.573, P<0.001).

Discussion:
Our results indicated the patients with a higher risk for recurrence after RFT for the treatment of TN. In addition, our findings might provide support for clinical decision-making before the RFT procedure.
Accuracy of Physical Function Questions to Predict Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity as Measured by Hip Accelerometry
Authors: Rubin Daniel S. , Huisingh-Scheetz Megan , Hung Anthony , Ward R. Parker , Nagele Peter , Arena Ross , Hedeker Donald 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Functional capacity assessment is a core component of current perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management guidelines for noncardiac surgery. The authors investigated the ability of standardized physical function questions to predict whether participants engaged in moderate physical activity as measured by hip accelerometers.

Methods
Participant responses to physical functioning questions and whether they engaged in moderate physical activity were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006). Physical activity intensity was measured using hip accelerometers. Adult participants with at least one Revised Cardiac Risk Index condition were included in the analysis. Standardized physical function questions were evaluated using a classification and regression tree analysis. Training and test datasets were randomly generated to create and test the analysis.

Results
Five hundred and twenty-two participants were asked the physical functioning questions and 378 of 522 (72.4%) had a bout of moderate-vigorous activity. Classification and regression tree analysis identified a “no difficulty” response to walking up 10 stairs and the ability to walk two to three blocks as the most sensitive questions to predict the presence of a 2-min bout of moderate activity. Participants with positive responses to both questions had a positive likelihood ratio of 3.7 and a posttest probability greater than 90% of a 2-min bout of moderate-vigorous activity. The sensitivity and specificity of positive responses to physical functioning questions in the pruned tree were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.23) for training data, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.96) and 0.10 (95% CI, 0.00 to 0.45) for the test data. Participants with at least one 2-min bout of moderate activity had a greater percentage of overall daily active time (35.4 ± 0.5 vs. 26.7 ± 1.2; P = 0.001) than those without.

Conclusions
Standardized physical function questions are highly sensitive but poorly specific to identify patients who achieve moderate physical activity. Additional strategies to evaluate functional capacity should be considered.
Does Screw Location Affect the Risk of Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture After Femoral Neck Fixation? A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Crump Erica K. , Quacinella Michael , Deafenbaugh Bradley K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Case reports suggest that there is an increased risk of subtrochanteric femur fracture after femoral neck fixation with cannulated screws when the distal-most screw is placed distal to the lesser trochanter. However, to our knowledge, there are no biomechanical data supporting this observation.

Questions/purposes
(1) Is there an increased risk of subtrochanteric femur fracture after femoral neck fixation with cannulated screws in normal density and osteoporotic Sawbones when the distal-most screw is started distal to the lesser trochanter? (2) Does the screw starting point position after femoral neck fixation with cannulated screws affect load to failure when normal density and osteoporotic Sawbones are loaded through their mechanical axis?

Methods
Normal density and osteoporotic Sawbones femora were instrumented with three cannulated screws in a triangular apex distal configuration with the distal-most screw starting either proximal to, at, or distal to the level of the lesser trochanter. Specimens were loaded along the mechanical axis to failure. The fracture location and ultimate load to failure were compared between groups.

Results
The screw start point distal to the lesser trochanter resulted in a greater proportion of subtrochanteric femur fractures compared with screw start points at or proximal to the lesser trochanter in the subset of osteoporotic specimens (three of 10 specimens versus 0 of 20 specimens; p = 0.030). No subtrochanteric femur fractures were observed in the normal density specimens. Load to failure was lower when the distal-most screw was started distal to the lesser trochanter than when it was started at or proximal to the lesser trochanter (normal density subset 13,502 ± 1980 N versus 14,675 ±1528 N; osteoporotic subset 8946 ± 1509 N versus 10,026 ± 1256 N; linear regression coefficient 1127 N [95% CI 298 to 1956 N]; adjusted r2 = 0.71; p = 0.009).

Conclusions
A screw start point distal to the lesser trochanter was associated with subtrochanteric femur fractures in the osteoporotic subset. Additionally, there was decreased load to failure when the distal-most screw was started distal to the lesser trochanter.

Clinical Relevance
These data suggest that avoiding a screw start point distal to the level of the lesser trochanter in femoral neck fracture fixation may decrease the risk of catastrophic subtrochanteric femur fractures, especially in patients with osteoporosis. However, it should be noted that a more overall varus screw alignment could theoretically compromise the ability to achieve compression across the fracture, with attendant implications with regard to fracture union in the acute setting.