bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced rainfall drives biomass limitation of long‐term fire activity in Australia’s subtropical sclerophyll forests
Authors: Mariani Michela , Tibby John , Barr Cameron , Moss Patrick , Marshall Jonathan C. , McGregor Glenn B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo understand the long‐term drivers of biomass burning in the sclerophyll‐dominated forests of Australia.LocationSwallow Lagoon, North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia.Time periodLast ca. 8 kyr.Major taxa studiedEucalyptus sensu lato, Leptospermum and Casuarinaceae.MethodsHigh‐resolution pollen and charcoal analyses were undertaken on a ca. 8 kyr sediment record and compared with an independent quantitative precipitation reconstruction inferred from leaf carbon isotopes from the same site. We performed Principal Component Analysis to extract the main vegetation trends around Swallow Lagoon. We then compared vegetation changes to local charcoal records to understand the climate‐vegetation‐fire relationships under different rainfall regimes. The trends in pollen, charcoal and rainfall were analysed using Generalized Additive Models and wavelet coherence.ResultsRelatively high Casuarinaceae pollen abundance and high charcoal influx were found prior to 3.4 ka, during a phase of high rainfall. Between 3.4 and 1.5 ka there was an increase in Leptospermum‐type pollen abundance in concert with a decline in both rainfall and charcoal influx. After 1.5 ka low rainfall was generally maintained and a significant increase in Eucalyptus was detected, along with an increase in microscopic charcoal.Main conclusionsOur study, from a sclerophyll forest setting that is typical of ~30% of Australia's vegetation, provides a unique example of complex climate‐biomass‐fire feedbacks and highlights biomass limitation of fire activity. High rainfall at Swallow Lagoon is linked to dense Casuarinaceae‐dominated forests and high fire activity prior to 3.4 ka. Between 3.4 and 1.5 ka, a decline in rainfall leads to reduced biomass burning during a phase dominated by shrub communities. After 1.5 ka, a change in fuel type was related to a transition to an open eucalypt forest and greater microscopic charcoal influx.
Hypertension with primary aldosteronism is associated with increased carotid intima‐media thickness and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Demirkiran Ahmet , Everaars Henk , Elitok Ali , van de Ven Peter M. , Smulders Yvo M. , Dreijerink Koen M. , Tanakol Refik , Ozcan Mustafa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPatients with primary aldosteronism induced hypertension are more likely to experience cardiovascular events compared to patients with essential hypertension. Primary aldosteronism may therefore have distinct adverse effects on cardiovascular structure and function, independent of hypertension. However, current data on such effects of primary aldosteronism are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of primary aldosteronism on vascular structure and endothelial function, using intima‐media thickness as a vascular remodeling index and flow‐mediated dilation as a functional parameter. In total, 70 participants were recruited from patients with resistant hypertension. Twenty‐nine patients diagnosed with primary aldosteronism and 41 patients with essential hypertension were prospectively enrolled. Primary aldosteronism was due to aldosterone‐producing adenoma in 10 cases and due to idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia in 19 cases. All patients underwent ultrasound of the common carotid intima‐media thickness and flow‐mediated dilation of the brachial artery. Primary aldosteronism patients had significantly lower flow‐mediated dilation (3.3 [2.4‐7.4] % vs 14.7 [10.3‐19.9] %, P < 0.01) and significantly higher carotid intima‐media thickness (0.9 [0.7‐1.0] mm vs 0.8 [0.6‐0.9] mm, P = 0.02) compared to patients with essential hypertension. These differences remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, 24‐hours systolic blood pressure, and smoking (P < 0.01). No differences in either outcome were observed between the adenoma and adrenal hyperplasia groups (both P > 0.05). Hypertensive patients with hyperaldosteronism appear to exhibit deteriorative effects on both vascular structure and function, independent of hypertension.
Lumiflavin increases the sensitivity of ovarian cancer stem‐like cells to cisplatin by interfering with riboflavin
Authors: Yang Ruhui , Wei Zhe , Wu Songquan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, we used lumiflavin, an inhibitor of riboflavin, as a new potential therapeutic chemosensitizer to ovarian cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs). This study demonstrates that the enrichment of riboflavin in CSCs is an important cause of its resistance to chemotherapy. Lumiflavin can effectively reduce the riboflavin enrichment in CSCs and sensitize the effect of cisplatin Diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) on CSCs. In this study, CSCs of human ovarian cancer cell lines HO8910 were separated using a magnetic bead (CD133+). We also show the overexpression of the mRNA and protein of riboflavin transporter 2 and the high content of riboflavin in CSCs compared to non‐CSCs (NON‐CSCs). Moreover, CSCs were less sensitive to DDP than NON‐CSCs, whereas, the synergistic effect of lumiflavin and DDP on CSCs was more sensitive than NON‐CSCs. Further research showed that lumiflavin had synergistic effects with DDP on CSCs in increasing mitochondrial function damage and apoptosis rates and decreasing clonic function. In addition, we found that the combination of DDP and lumiflavin therapy in vivo has a synergistic cytotoxic effect on an ovarian cancer nude mice model by enhancing the DNA‐damage response and increasing the apoptotic protein expression. Notably, the effect of lumiflavin is associated with reduced riboflavin concentration, and riboflavin could reverse the effect of DDP in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, we conclude that lumiflavin interfered with the riboflavin metabolic pathways, resulting in a significant increase in tumour sensitivity to DDP therapy. Our study suggests that lumiflavin may be a novel treatment alternative for ovarian cancer and its recurrence.
Exploration of Genetic Variations through Single‐cell Whole‐genome Sequencing in the Model Ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Chen Kai , Wang Guangying , Xiong Jie , Jiang Chuanqi , Miao Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCiliates are unicellular eukaryotes with separate germline and somatic genomes and diverse life cycles, which make them a unique model to improve our understanding of population genetics through the detection of genetic variations. However, traditional sequencing methods cannot be directly applied to ciliates because the majority are uncultivated. Single‐cell whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool for studying genetic variation in microbes, but no studies have been performed in ciliates. We compared the use of single‐cell WGS and bulk DNA WGS to detect genetic variation, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Our analyses showed that (i) single‐cell WGS has excellent performance regarding mapping rate and genome coverage but lower sequencing uniformity compared with bulk DNA WGS due to amplification bias (which was reproducible); (ii) false‐positive SNP sites detected by single‐cell WGS tend to occur in genomic regions with particularly high sequencing depth and high rate of C:G to T:A base changes; (iii) SNPs detected in three or more cells should be reliable (an detection efficiency of 83.4–97.4% was obtained for combined data from three cells). This analytical method could be adapted to measure genetic variation in other ciliates and broaden research into ciliate population genetics.
Sex differences in neonatal mouse brain injury after hypoxia‐ischemia and adaptaquin treatment
Authors: Li Kenan , Li Tao , Wang Yafeng , Xu Yiran , Zhang Shan , Culmsee Carsten , Wang Xiaoyang , Zhu Changlian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl 4‐hydroxylases (HIF‐PHDs) are important targets against oxidative stress. We hypothesized that inhibition HIF‐PHD by adaptaquin reduces hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in a neonatal mouse model. The pups were treated intraperitoneally immediately with adaptaquin after hypoxia‐ischemia (HI) and then every 24 h for 3 days. Adaptaquin treatment reduced infarction volume by an average of 26.3% at 72 h after HI compared to vehicle alone, and this reduction was more pronounced in males (34.8%) than in females (11.7%). The protection was also more pronounced in the cortex. The subcortical white matter injury as measured by tissue loss volume was reduced by 24.4% in the adaptaquin treatment group, and this reduction was also more pronounced in males (28.4%) than in females (18.9%). Cell death was decreased in the cortex as indicated by Fluoro‐Jade labeling, but not in other brain regions with adaptaquin treatment. Furthermore, in the brain injury area, adaptaquin did not alter the number of cells positive for caspase‐3 activation or translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor to the nuclei. Adaptaquin treatment increased glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression in the cortex but had no impact on 3‐nitrotyrosine, 8‐hydroxy‐2 deoxyguanosine, or malondialdehyde production. Hif1α mRNA expression increased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment also stimulated Hif1α mRNA expression, which was also more pronounced in males than in females. However, nuclear translocation of HIF1α protein was decreased after HI, and adaptaquin treatment had no influence on HIF1α expression in the nucleus. These findings demonstrate that adaptaquin treatment is neuroprotective, but the potential mechanisms need further investigation.
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Parents’ experiences of the caring encounter in the ambulance service—A qualitative study
Authors: Jepsen Klara , Rooth Kristina , Lindström Veronica 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of the caring encounter in the ambulance service among parents to children aged 0–14 years.BackgroundThe care provided by the ambulance team is often associated with emergency medicine, traumatology and disaster medicine. But to develop care in the ambulance service, it is imperative to understand what the parents want and value in the care for their child.DesignA qualitative study design was used.MethodsInterviews was used for data collection, 16 caring encounters described by 14 parents were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Reporting of this research adheres to the COREQ guidelines.ResultsThe parents described the importance of giving the family enough time in the situation, creating a safe environment and involving the parents in the care. In cases where the parents felt insecure, there had been lack of communication and lack of sensitivity, and the ambulance team did not invite the parents to be participate in the care.ConclusionsThere is a need to strengthen the family‐centred care in the ambulance service. Not inviting the parents in the care and use of equipment that was nonfunctioning or not adjustable for the children’s age caused lack of trust and increased the level of stress among the parents. The parents had a positive experience and felt included when the team were calm, responsive and gave them the chance to be participants in their child’s care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe prehospital emergency care nurses need to be prepared for caring of children and their parents. The ambulance team also need to understand their role in providing care of children. Lack of confidence in treating children may be perceived as nonfamily‐centred care. There is need of further training concerning family‐centred care in the ambulance service.
Impact of formulation on high‐protein bar rheological and wear behaviors
Authors: Sparkman Kristen , Joyner Helen S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDue to the popularity of high‐protein bars, many new formulations are being generated to meet consumer preferences. New formulations may have different mechanical behaviors that can negatively impact processing ability, which makes determining the effect of ingredients on processing ability important. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of major ingredients in high‐protein bars on their rheological and tribological behaviors. Two response surface designs of model high‐protein bars comprising whey protein isolate (WPI), high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and either canola oil (first design) or vegetable shortening (second design) were evaluated. Rheological tests, including adhesion, strain and frequency sweeps, large amplitude oscillatory shear, and wear testing, were conducted to determine the impact of individual ingredients on high‐protein bar mechanical behaviors. Oil‐based formulations had greater adhesion at higher levels of HFCS, while shortening‐based formulations were affected by WPI more than HFCS, resulting in lower overall adhesive maximum forces. Formulas with higher levels of WPI had lower phase angles and greater extent of nonlinear viscoelastic and strain‐hardening behaviors, while formulas with higher lipid and HFCS levels had higher phase angles. Overall, ingredient ratios had a notable impact on both oil‐ and shortening‐based high‐protein bar rheological and wear behaviors, suggesting that rheological and tribological testing could be useful for indicating processing ability of high‐protein bars. The information gained in this study can be used by food manufacturers that produce cold‐extruded or laminated food products. The results can help predict the ability of various formulations to be successfully processed, decreasing product development, and reformulation time and expense.
Lack of Exercise‐Induced Hypoalgesia to Repetitive Back Movement in People with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Kuithan Pauline , Heneghan Nicola R. , Rushton Alison , Sanderson Andy , Falla Deborah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether people with chronic low back pain (LBP) show dysfunctional exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in response to repeated contractions of their back muscles during a lifting task.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional observational study conducted on asymptomatic participants (n = 18) and participants with chronic LBP (n = 21), quantitative sensory testing (QST) was applied extensively over the lumbar region and a remote area before and after a repeated task that involved lifting a 5‐kg box for ~7 minutes. QST included pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), thermal detection, pain thresholds, and measures of temporal summation. Topographical maps of the percentage change in PPT detected at 16 locations over the lumbar region were generated to explore regional differences and compared between groups.ResultsMean (standard deviation) PPTs measured from 16 sites over the lower back changed significantly in asymptomatic participants (+29.78 kPa [41.4]) following task completion, indicative of EIH, whereas no significant change was observed for the low back pain (LBP) group (−14.87 kPa [61.2]). No changes were detected at the remote site for either group. No changes were revealed for the thermal tests. Temporal summation data revealed decreasing pain sensitivity as the test progressed, but the test response did not change after the exercise for either group.Conclusion(s)Unlike asymptomatic individuals, participants with LBP lacked EIH over the lumbar erector spinae muscles following repeated lifting. Although these results should be considered in relation to the study limitations, particularly the absence of a control group, the findings support impaired EIH in patients with LBP.
Expression of oestrogen receptor, androgen receptor and progesterone nuclear receptor in sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle
Authors: Duan Hongwei , Xiao Longfei , Hu Junjie , Zhang Yong , Zhao Xingxu , Ge Wenbo , Jiang Yuting , Song Liangli , Yang Shanshan , Luo Wenze 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOestrogen, androgen and progesterone are involved in the regulation of uterine physiological functions, with the participation of the following proteins: oestrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR) and progesterone nuclear receptor (PGR). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to detect the localization of ERα, ERβ, AR and PGR in sheep uterus. Additionally, we used real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot technique to analyse their expression profiles at different stages of sheep oestrous cycle in the endometrium and myometrium. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that ERα, ERβ, AR and PGR were present in sheep uterus in oestrus, mainly in the uterine luminal epithelium, stroma, gland and myometrium. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction results showed that in the endometrium, ERα expression level was highest in oestrus. ERβ and PGR, instead, were highly expressed in pro‐oestrus. In the myometrium, ERα was highly expressed in both oestrus and pro‐oestrus, and ERβ was highly expressed in oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone nuclear receptor expression was highest in oestrus, followed by metoestrus. In the endometrium, both receptors ERα and ERβ were abundant in pro‐oestrus, while the maximum AR protein content was found in oestrus. At this stage of the oestrous cycle, PGR protein concentration in the myometrium was significantly lower than those observed in other stages. These results suggest that these receptors are important for sheep reproductive function, as their expression at mRNA and protein levels exhibits particular time‐ and tissue‐specific profiles along the oestrous cycle.
Longitudinal dyadic analyses of emotion dysregulation and mother–child relationship quality in Chinese children with teacher‐reported oppositional defiant disorder
Authors: Jiang Yongqiang , Lin Xiuyun , Zhou Qing , Hou Xiangning , Ding Wan , Zhou Nan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examined whether and how mothers' and children's perceptions of mother–child relationship quality mediated associations between mothers' and children's initial emotion dysregulation and children's emotion dysregulation and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms 2 years later. The participants were 155 Chinese children with teacher‐reported ODD and their mothers derived from a three‐wave (2 years apart) longitudinal study. A multiple‐informant approach and a dyadic analysis approach (i.e., actor–partner interdependent modeling) were used. The results revealed that (a) mothers' and children's emotion dysregulation was significantly related to their own and their partners’ concurrent perceptions of relationship quality; (b) mothers' and children's perceptions of relationship quality from Wave 1 to Wave 2 were stable but were also interdependent, such that one's own perception of relationship quality at Wave 1 related to the partner's perception at Wave 2; and (c) relationship quality at the two waves interdependently mediated the associations between mothers' and children's emotion dysregulation at Wave 1 and children's emotion dysregulation and ODD symptoms at Wave 3. Implications for family intervention programs targeting maternal and child emotion dysregulation and strengthening mother–child relationship quality for children with ODD were discussed.
The Energy Boom: Boon or Bane for Local Philanthropy?
Authors: Hwang Hyunseok , Paarlberg Laurie E. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis article explores the complex relationships between the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy. This study aims to find direct effects of the energy boom and indirect effects of multiple mediators—community economic conditions, population change, racial diversity, and income inequality—on local philanthropy.MethodsDrawing upon data from U.S. counties, a series of mediation analyses are tested by following Baron and Kenney's (1986, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 51(6):1173) causal‐steps procedures.ResultsThe energy boom always has negative direct effects on local philanthropy. Although indirect effects of mediators are not always significant, total effects, as the sum of direct and indirect effects, reveal that income, population growth, and racial diversity positively mediate negative effects of the energy boom on local philanthropy. The energy boom increases levels of income inequality; however, increased income inequality paradoxically is positively associated with local philanthropy.ConclusionThe relationship among the energy boom, community economic and demographic conditions, and local philanthropy is complex. Although direct effects of the energy boom are negative, key findings of positive indirect effects suggest implications for policymakers, nonprofit practitioners, and community leaders when dealing with grand societal challenges caused by natural resource development at the community level.
Impacts of Internet on Openness to Change in China: Millennials Versus Pre‐Millennials
Authors: Harmel Robert , Yeh Yao‐Yuan 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis article explores whether there are different consequences from Internet use—in the form of changed political attitudes—for older Chinese as compared to their younger counterparts.MethodsUsing data from a nationwide representative survey of Chinese adults, analyses include both cross‐tabulation and multiple regression.ResultsIt is found that millennials are more open to political change than are older Chinese, that older Internet users—as compared to older nonusers—have attitudes more similar to those of millennials, and that differences in attitudes are greater between older users and nonusers than between millennial users and nonusers.ConclusionThe findings support the conclusion that Internet use has had greater consequences for changed political attitudes for older Chinese than for their younger counterparts.
Influence of length of incision and number of suture lines on the biomechanical properties of incisional gastropexy
Authors: Webb Rebecca J. , Monnet Eric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of the length of incision and of the number of suture lines on the load to failure of incisional gastropexy in an ex vivo model.Study designEx vivo study.Sample populationThirty‐six hound‐mix fresh canine cadavers.MethodsSpecimens were randomly divided into four groups of incisional gastropexies varying in length of incision (2 or 4 cm) and number of suture lines (one or two). Load to failure was measured. Number of suture bites on each side of the gastropexy and number of inadvertent full thickness gastric suture bites were recorded.ResultsIncisional gastropexies performed with one or two suture lines sustained loads to failure of 53.80 ± 12.10 N and 53.30 ± 10.60 N (P = .887), respectively. Loads to failure equal to 49.70 ± 10.80 N and 57.30 ± 10.60 N (P = .048) were measured on incisional gastropexies performed with 2‐ or 4‐cm‐suture lines, respectively. There was no interaction between the length of the incision and the number of suture lines (P = .634).ConclusionLength of incision but not number of suture lines influenced the biomechanical properties of gastropexies in this acute cadaveric model.Clinical significanceAccording to this acute in vitro experiment, gastropexy can be performed with either one or two suture lines.