bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COS CGM Compendium. II. Metallicities of the Partial and Lyman Limit Systems at z ≲ 1
Authors: Wotta Christopher B. , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , O’Meara John M. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. , Cooksey Kathy L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present the results from our COS circumgalactic medium (CGM) compendium (CCC), a survey of the CGM at z ≲ 1 using H i-selected absorbers with 15 <

< 19. We focus here on 82 partial Lyman limit systems (pLLSs, 16.2 ≤

< 17.2) and 29 LLSs (17.2 ≤

< 19). Using Bayesian techniques and Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of a grid of photoionization models, we derive the posterior probability distribution functions (PDFs) for the metallicity of each absorber in CCC. We show that the combined pLLS metallicity PDF at z ≲ 1 has two main peaks at

≃ −1.7 and −0.4, with a strong dip at

≃ −1. The metallicity PDF of the LLSs might be more complicated than a unimodal or bimodal distribution. The pLLSs and LLSs probe a similar range of metallicities −3 ≲

≲ +0.4, but the fraction of very metal-poor absorbers with

≲ −1.4 is much larger for the pLLSs than the LLSs. In contrast, absorbers with

≥ 19 have mostly −1 ≲

≲ 0 at z ≲ 1. The metal-enriched gas probed by pLLSs and LLSs confirms that galaxies that have been enriching their CGM over billions of years. Surprisingly, despite this enrichment, there is also abundant metal-poor CGM gas (41%–59% of the pLLSs have

≲ −1.4), representing a reservoir of near-pristine gas around z ≲ 1 galaxies. We compare our empirical results to recent cosmological zoom simulations, finding some discrepancies, including an overabundance of metal-enriched CGM gas in simulations.
Astrophysical S-factors, Thermonuclear Rates, and Electron Screening Potential for the 3He(d,p)4He Big Bang Reaction via a Hierarchical Bayesian Model
Authors: de Souza Rafael S. , Iliadis Christian , Coc Alain 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We developed a hierarchical Bayesian framework to estimate S-factors and thermonuclear rates for the 3He(d,p)4He reaction, which impacts the primordial abundances of 3He and 7Li. The available data are evaluated and all direct measurements are taken into account in our analysis for which we can estimate separate uncertainties for systematic and statistical effects. For the nuclear reaction model, we adopt a single-level, two-channel approximation of R-matrix theory, suitably modified to take the effects of electron screening at lower energies into account. In addition to the usual resonance parameters (resonance location and reduced widths for the incoming and outgoing reaction channel), we include the channel radii and boundary condition parameters in the fitting process. Our new analysis of the 3He(d,p)4He S-factor data results in improved estimates for the thermonuclear rates. This work represents the first nuclear rate evaluation using R-matrix theory embedded into a hierarchical Bayesian framework, properly accounting for all known sources of uncertainty. Therefore, it provides a test bed for future studies of more complex reactions.
On the 9:7 Mean Motion Resonance Capture in a System of Two Equal-mass Super-Earths
Authors: Cui Zijia , Papaloizou John C. B. , Szuszkiewicz Ewa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We study the formation of the 9:7 mean motion resonance in a system of two low-mass planets (

) embedded in a gaseous protoplanetary disk employing a full 2D hydrodynamic treatment of the disk–planet interactions. Our aim is to determine the disk properties that favor a capture of two equal-mass super-Earths into this second-order resonance. For this purpose, we have performed a series of numerical hydrodynamic simulations of the system of two super-Earths migrating in disks with a variety of different initial parameters and found conditions for the permanent or temporary locking in the 9:7 resonance. We observe that capture occurs during the convergent migration of planets if their resonance angle at the moment of arrival at the resonance assumes values in a certain range (inside a window of capture). The width of such a window depends on the relative migration and circularization rates that are determined by the disk parameters. The window is wide if the relative migration rate is slow, and it becomes narrower as the relative migration rate increases. The window will be closed if the migration rate is sufficiently high, and the capture will not take place. We illustrate also how the 9:7 resonance window of capture is affected by the initial eccentricities and the initial orbits of the planets.
Possible Detection of Subsecond-period Propagating Magnetohydrodynamics Waves in Post-reconnection Magnetic Loops during a Two-ribbon Solar Flare
Authors: Yu 余 Sijie 思捷 , Chen 陈 Bin 彬 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Solar flares involve the sudden release of magnetic energy in the solar corona. Accelerated nonthermal electrons have often been invoked as the primary means for transporting the bulk of the released energy to the lower solar atmosphere. However, significant challenges remain for this scenario, especially in accounting for the large number of accelerated electrons inferred from observations. Propagating magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) waves, particularly those with subsecond/second-scale periods, have been proposed as an alternative means for transporting the released flare energy, likely alongside the electron beams, while observational evidence remains elusive. Here we report a possible detection of such waves in the late impulsive phase of a two-ribbon flare. This is based on ultrahigh cadence dynamic imaging spectroscopic observations of a peculiar type of decimetric radio bursts obtained by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Radio imaging at each time and frequency pixel allows us to trace the spatiotemporal motion of the source, which agrees with the implications of the frequency drift pattern in the dynamic spectrum. The radio source, propagating at 1000–2000 km s−1 in projection, shows close spatial and temporal association with transient brightenings on the flare ribbon. In addition, multitudes of subsecond-period oscillations are present in the radio emission. We interpret the observed radio bursts as short-period MHD wave packets propagating along newly reconnected magnetic flux tubes linking to the flare ribbon. The estimated energy flux carried by the waves is comparable to that needed to account for the plasma heating during the late impulsive phase of this flare.
Durability of First-Line Antiretroviral Regimens in the era of Integrase Inhibitors: A Cohort of HIV-Positive Individuals in Spain, 2014–2015
Authors:   Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS), Jarrin Inmaculada , Suarez-Garcia Ines , Moreno Cristina , Tasias Maria , Romero Jorge Del , Palacios Rosario , Peraire Joaquim , Gorgolas Miguel , Moreno Santiago 
Published: February 2019

Background We compared time to treatment change (TC), viral suppression (VS) and change in CD4+ T-cell counts of first-line antiretroviral regimens (ART). Methods We analysed HIV treatment-naive adults from the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) initiating the most commonly used ART regimens from September 2014 to November 2015. We used proportional hazards models on the sub-distribution hazard to estimate sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHR) for time to TC, logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for VS (viral load <50 copies/ml), and linear regression to assess mean differences in CD4+ T-cell changes from ART initiation. Results Among 960 individuals, tenofovir (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)/rilpivirine (RPV) was the most frequently prescribed regimen (24.2%), followed by elvitegravir (EVG)/cobicistat (COBI)/TDF/FTC (22.8%), abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC)/dolutegavir (DTG; 17.4%), TDF/FTC+darunavir/ritonavir (DRV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c; 12.1%), TDF/FTC/efavirenz (EFV; 8.8%), TDF/FTC+raltegravir (RAL; 7.7%) and TDF/FTC+DTG (7.0%). Initiating ART with TDF/FTC+DRV/r or DRV/c (adjusted sHR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.44, 6.08), TDF/FTC/EFV (2.18; 0.98, 4.82), TDF/FTC+RAL (2.37; 1.08, 5.22) and TDF/FTC+DTG (6.34; 3.18, 12.64) was associated with a higher risk of TC compared to ABC/3TC/DTG. At 24 weeks, VS was lower in TDF/FTC+DRV/r or DRV/c (adjusted OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18, 0.74) compared with ABC/3TC/DTG, and CD4+ T-cell increase was lower in patients initiating with TDF/FTC/RPV (adjusted mean difference: −75.9, 95% CI: −130.6, −21.2) compared with those who did with ABC/3TC/DTG. Conclusions Time to TC, VS and change in CD4+ T-cell counts varies by initial regimen. These differences may be useful for making decision when initiating ART.
Foyers et temporalités
Authors: Hart Pauline 
Published: February 2019

Les foyers étant des structures évolutives dont la morphologie change au gré des actions qu’ils subissent, la reconstitution de leur histoire et donc la prise en compte de la dimension temporelle s’avère indispensable et préalable à l’élaboration de toute typologie.Deux problèmes peuvent alors être soulevés dans notre méthode d’analyse actuelle : (1) une fausse considération linéaire et unidirectionnelle du temps qui, s’il est effectivement constitué d’étapes qui se suivent, contient également des hiatus, des phases d’abandon, des trajectoires interrompues ou parallèles, des retours en arrière, des discontinuités et des modes d’organisation qui changent et (2) un manque de résolution, puisque rares sont les méthodes de datation qui autorisent une saisie temporelle de haute résolution alors que les structures étudiées fonctionnent selon un laps de temps court. Cette temporalité est-elle finalement trop courte pour être saisie et donc définitivement invisible à nos yeux ? Est-ce là un biais inhérent à la discipline archéologique ?Intégrant les travaux théoriques de F. Braudel et B. Valentin sur la théorie des trois temps ainsi que les apports du perspectivisme temporel – vision multiscalaire du passé et analyse des structures archéologiques comme des palimpsestes –, nous avons appliqué ces questions aux structures foyères. Selon une perspective hypothético-déductive, nous avons listé les phases potentielles de vie des foyers, susceptibles de constituer des palimpsestes épais et complexes. Identifier ensuite à l’échelle du temps très bref ces événements imbriqués, les ordonner, les dater et en percevoir la durée sont donc les principaux enjeux de l’analyse. Si la méthode précise demande encore à être développée, elle doit néanmoins combiner les études complémentaires : analyse des paramètres de chauffe, étude de la stratigraphie, des composants du foyer et des résidus de combustion et amélioration de la finesse des datations.
Au-delà des lacunes
Authors: Planckeel Charlotte 
Published: February 2019

Les vestiges archéologiques sont souvent incomplets pour des raisons pouvant tenir de processus complexes de conservation, mais également de traitements volontaires appliqués par les utilisateurs eux-mêmes. C’est le cas pour de très nombreux objets métalliques rassemblés en un même endroit qui constituent les dépôts complexes Atlantique du Bronze final qui continuent, après plusieurs décennies d’études, d’interroger la communauté scientifique, d’autant que la plus grande majorité de ces dépôts complexes Atlantique sont découverts hors de tout contexte archéologique. Ainsi, certains objets sont volontairement mutilés et deviennent alors lacunaires, dans un acte qui fait sens pour celui qui l’accomplit. Essentiels pour comprendre ces populations, leur fonctionnement et leurs motivations, ces gestes n’en restent pas moins délicats à interpréter tant ces pratiques anciennes sont étrangères à nos propres codes. Autant il est possible de faire parler l’existant au travers de ces fragments de bronze qui nous sont parvenus, autant il est très difficile de donner du sens, rétablir la logique de ce qui a conduit à l’inexistant, à cette partie de l’objet manquante, au vide qui n’a pas laissé de traces tangibles. La signification de ces lacunes demeure toujours problématique et continue à soulever plusieurs questionnements. Les témoins de surface, les stigmates observables constituent autant d’indices caractérisables dans une typologie de ces fragmentations qui apportent des précisions quant au type de « blessures » infligées aux objets. La reconstitution de la documentation manquante permettra de recouper, de croiser et de confronter différentes hypothèses afin de les éprouver informatiquement. Une réflexion autour de l’inversion de déformation est en cours afin de remonter les étapes successives ayant conduit aux objets tels qu’ils nous sont donnés à étudier aujourd’hui. Cette nouvelle approche méthodologique dans la façon d’étudier, de visualiser, d’organiser, d’afficher le patrimoine archéologique lacunaire devrait permettre d’améliorer de façon significative notre compréhension et notre capacité à communiquer de riches récits sur le passé des sociétés de l’âge du Bronze.
« Tendances et faits » pour combler l’absence des hampes sur les sites préhistoriques
Authors: Maerky Gisèle 
Published: February 2019

Sur les sites paléolithiques, il ne reste bien souvent que la partie armature des armes de chasse et instruments de collecte des chasseurs-cueilleurs comme les harpons. Sauf cas exceptionnel de conservation, la hampe, long manche auquel l’armature était reliée, est absente en raison du caractère périssable de sa matière première qu’est le bois végétal. Cet état parcellaire pose problème pour l’interprétation fonctionnelle des armatures. Les chercheurs qui les étudient sont en effet contraints de se baser sur des données très théoriques sur les hampes et la manière dont celles-ci étaient reliées aux armatures. La hampe était pourtant primordiale pour l’efficacité d’un harpon puisque sans elle l’armature ne peut revêtir sa fonction létale. C’est pour pallier cette absence d’informations sur les hampes que nous avons utilisé les notions de « tendance et fait », qui visent à déconstruire les faits pour saisir à quel niveau peuvent s’exprimer des variabilités et où au contraire, il est possible de saisir des caractères invariants, des tendances. Nous verrons ici comment, à travers ce prisme théorique et par la comparaison des hampes de l’équipement de subsistance des Yaghan et Kaweskar de Patagonie australe et des Aléoutes et Alutiiq d’Alaska méridional, nous pouvons éclairer le rôle que joue la hampe dans le fonctionnement du harpon. Les premiers résultats montrent que des tendances se dessinent au niveau notamment du poids et du point d’équilibre des harpons, avec de nettes différences selon le mode de lancer du harpon, à la main ou au propulseur. D’autres données, comme la zone d’emmanchement, la section des hampes et les choix de matière première, montrent cependant qu’autour d’un même « contour fonctionnel », des « approximations fonctionnelles » et diverses « options techniques » peuvent être choisies.
Variabilité des sources et biais scientifiques : le cas du territoire des Rèmes
Authors: Dessaint Marion 
Published: February 2019

À l’échelle d’un territoire, les chercheurs sont nécessairement confrontés à des hiatus, qu’ils soient géographiques, historiques ou archéologiques. Sur le territoire des Rèmes, de nombreuses opérations de nature très variées ont été réalisées. Celles-ci nous interrogent sur des questions de méthodologie liées au traitement des données utilisées pour une étude diachronique sur un vaste territoire. Comment peut-on traiter des données hétéroclites ? Comment peut-on étudier les réseaux de peuplement de cet espace à travers de telles données ? Cet article a pour objectif d’avancer des éléments de réflexions et de méthodes concernant le traitement de ces données récoltées sur ce vaste espace qu’est le territoire des Rèmes.
Does the public antiretroviral treatment programme meet patients’ needs? A study at four hospitals in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Mulqueeny Delarise M. , Taylor Myra 
Published: February 2019

Background: Patients play a major role in the success of any antiretroviral treatment (ART) programme. Hence, their needs should be articulated on a regular basis for interventional processes to promote adherence, retention and quality care.Aim: This study investigated whether patients’ needs were being met, described which needs were met, which were not and how such needs could be met.Setting: The study took place at four ART clinics in eThekwini district public hospitals.Methods: This study formed part of a larger study that utilised a sequential mixed-methods design. However, only the qualitative component is documented herein. Twelve HIV-infected patients engaged in in-depth interviews (three patients from each of the four hospitals). A socio-ecological framework divided responses into four categories, namely, the individual, interpersonal, institutional and policy. Each category presented (1) patients’ needs that are being met, (2) needs that are not being met, (3) recommendations on how they can be met and (4) researchers’ observations.Results: All 12 patients reported that all their needs were not being met. They further shared their met needs, unmet needs and made recommendations for meeting their unmet needs. These needs varied per antiretroviral clinic because of unique processes at each institution.Conclusion: To adequately address the needs of HIV-infected patients, it is imperative for all stakeholders involved in the public ART programme to gain an understanding of what constitutes ‘patients’ needs’. The results reflect patients’ willingness to be involved in their care, treatment and interventional strategies to adequately meet their needs.
Estimation of plasma levels of bisphenol-A & phthalates in fertile & infertile women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Pednekar Prajakta Parag , Gajbhiye Rahul Krishnaji , Patil Anushree D. , Surve Suchitra Vishwambhar , Datar Ajit Ganesh , Balsarkar Geetha Dharmesh , Chuahan Anahita R. , Vanage Geeta Ramesh 
Published: February 2019

Background & objectives:
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are utilized widely in consumer products. Due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment, a concern is expressed worldwide about their possible effect on human reproductive health. This study was conducted to compare the internal exposure of BPA and phthalates (using their metabolites as biomarkers) in plasma samples of infertile and fertile women.

Methods:
A sensitive gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed to simultaneously quantify BPA and four phthalate monoester metabolites [namely mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)] in human plasma. The method was validated using charcoal-stripped human plasma. Activated charcoal was also utilized to reduce contamination from reagents. The method was designed to account for and/or eliminate background contamination from all sources.

Results:
The limit of quantification for the method was 5 ng/ml for MMP and MBzP, while 1 ng/ml for BPA, MEHP and MEHHP, respectively. The precision and accuracy were well within the acceptable range. BPA was detectable in 77 per cent of plasma samples of infertile women and 29 per cent of fertile women. All the four phthalate metabolites were detected in plasma samples of both fertile and infertile women.

Interpretation & conclusions:
A GC-MS was developed and validated to estimate the BPA and four phthalate monoester metabolites in human plasma. It was utilised to analyse the plasma samples from fertile and infertile women. The infertile women showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of MBzP, BPA and MEHHP as compared to fertile women. The levels of MMP and MEHP were not significantly different between the two groups. Further studies need to be done to confirm these preliminary findings.
Clinical significance of galectin-3 expression in malformed hepatic venous tissue
Authors: Qiao Junbo , Chen Yongwei , Dong Changxian , Li Jin 
Published: February 2019

Background & objectives:
Hepatic venous malformation gradually develops over time and exhibits the malignant biological behaviours of being locally invasive, causing morphological and functional damage to local tissue, and may even cause systemic coagulopathy. Studies show that galectin-3(Gal-3) expression is closely associated with local invasion of malignant tumours. In this study an attempt was made to assess the clinical significance of Gal-3 in local invasion during hepatic venous malformation in patients.

Methods:
Gal-3 protein and its mRNA expression were examined using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in a total of 126 patients with hepatic venous malformation. For control tissue, 20 cases of normal tissue distal to surgical margins were also examined. In addition, the association between Gal-3 expression and pathological parameters was analyzed in hepatic venous malformation patients.

Results:
Gal-3 mRNA positivity was observed in 65.08 per cent (82/126) of hepatic venous malformation tissue samples, which was higher than the rate of 20 per cent (4/20) (P<0.05) seen in control tissues. Gal-3 protein positivity was observed in 58.73 per cent (74/126) of hepatic venous malformation tissue samples, which was higher than the rate of 15 per cent (3/20) (P<0.05) seen in the normal tissue. Gal-3 expression was not significantly associated with age or gender. However, there was a significant association between Gal-3 positivity and lesion size, local invasion depth, and involvement with the hepatic vein and the portal system.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Local tissue invasion and destruction by hepatic venous malformation may be related to the upregulation of Gal-3. Gal-3 expression and the development of venous malformation may be related and needs to be studied further.
Continuity Clinic Practice Feedback Curriculum for Residents: A Model for Ambulatory Education
Authors: Haynes Christine , Yamamoto Myrt , Dashiell-Earp Cody , Gunawardena Delani , Gupta Reshma , Simon Wendy 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
There is an unmet need for formal curricula to deliver practice feedback training to residents.

Objective
We developed a curriculum to help residents receive and interpret individual practice feedback data and to engage them in quality improvement efforts.

Methods
We created a framework based on resident attribution, effective metric selection, faculty coaching, peer and site comparisons, and resident-driven goals. The curriculum used electronic health record–generated resident-level data and disease-specific ambulatory didactics to help motivate quality improvement efforts. It was rolled out to 144 internal medicine residents practicing at 1 of 4 primary care clinic sites from July 2016 to June 2017. Resident attitudes and behaviors were tracked with presurveys and postsurveys, completed by 126 (88%) and 85 (59%) residents, respectively. Data log-ins and completion of educational activities were monitored. Group-level performance data were tracked using run charts.

Results
Survey results demonstrated significant improvements on a 5-point Likert scale in residents' self-reported ability to receive (from a mean of 2.0 to 3.3, P &lt; .001) and to interpret and understand (mean of 2.4 to 3.2, P &lt; .001) their practice performance data. There was also an increased likelihood they would report that their practice had seen improvements in patient care (13% versus 35%, P &lt; .001). Run charts demonstrated no change in patient outcome metrics.

Conclusions
A learner-centered longitudinal curriculum on ambulatory patient panels can help residents develop competency in receiving, interpreting, and effectively applying individualized practice performance data.