bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico and in vivo investigation of ferrocene‐incorporated acyl ureas and homoleptic cadmium carboxylate derivatives for anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative potential
Authors: Adil Sadia , Khan Arif‐ullah , Badshah Haroon , Asghar Faiza , Usman Muhammad , Badshah Amin , Ali Saqib 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study different derivatives of ferrocene‐incorporated acyl ureas and homoleptic cadmium carboxylates were investigated for potential anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative properties, using in‐silico and in‐vivo techniques. The molecular docking studies reveled that ferrocene compounds derivative 1‐(4‐bromobenzoyl)‐3‐(4‐ferrocenylphenyl) urea (PB1) and cadmium compounds derivative bis (diphenylacetato) cadmium (II) (DPAA) exhibit binding affinities against various neurotherapeutic molecular targets involved in epilepsy, anxiety, and sedation. Both PB1 and DPAA showed high binding affinities against protein targets like mammalian shaker voltage dependent potassium channel beta subunit complex, calcium release‐activated calcium channel, sodium channel 2A inactivation gate, human sodium/hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor, and gamma amino butyric acid A receptor associated protein. PB1 (2–10 mg/kg) and DPAA (1–5 mg/kg) delayed onset time of pentylenetetrazole‐induced myoclonic jerks and tonic‐clonic seizures in mice while decreased duration of tonic‐clonic seizures, determining the anticonvulsant effect of these compounds. PB1 and DPAA (0.5–1 mg/kg) exhibited anxiolytic effect by increasing time spent and number of animals entries into open arms, while decreasing time spent in dark compartment. Furthermore, PB1 (0.5–1 mg/kg) and DPAA (0.1–1 mg/kg) reduced onset time of sleep and increased duration time of sleep in mice, showing sedative effect. Taken together, our results indicate that aforementioned derivatives of ferrocene and cadmium are potent neurotherapeutic agents possessing anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative properties.
The Virtuous Cycle of Axon Growth: Axonal Transport of Growth‐Promoting Machinery as an Intrinsic Determinant of Axon Regeneration
Authors: Petrova Veselina , Eva Richard 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTInjury to the brain and spinal cord has devastating consequences because adult central nervous system (CNS) axons fail to regenerate. Injury to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has a better prognosis, because adult PNS neurons support robust axon regeneration over long distances. CNS axons have some regenerative capacity during development, but this is lost with maturity. Two reasons for the failure of CNS regeneration are extrinsic inhibitory molecules, and a weak intrinsic capacity for growth. Extrinsic inhibitory molecules have been well characterized, but less is known about the neuron‐intrinsic mechanisms which prevent axon re‐growth. Key signaling pathways and genetic/epigenetic factors have been identified which can enhance regenerative capacity, but the precise cellular mechanisms mediating their actions have not been characterized. Recent studies suggest that an important prerequisite for regeneration is an efficient supply of growth‐promoting machinery to the axon; however, this appears to be lacking from non‐regenerative axons in the adult CNS. In the first part of this review, we summarize the evidence linking axon transport to axon regeneration. We discuss the developmental decline in axon regeneration capacity in the CNS, and comment on how this is paralleled by a similar decline in the selective axonal transport of regeneration‐associated receptors such as integrins and growth factor receptors. In the second part, we discuss the mechanisms regulating selective polarized transport within neurons, how these relate to the intrinsic control of axon regeneration, and whether they can be targeted to enhance regenerative capacity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 00: 000–000, 2018
The effects of hypolimnetic anoxia on the diel vertical migration of freshwater crustacean zooplankton
Authors: Doubek Jonathan P. , Campbell Kylie L. , Doubek Kaitlyn M. , Hamre Kathleen D. , Lofton Mary E. , McClure Ryan P. , Ward Nicole K. , Carey Cayelan C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLakes and reservoirs worldwide are increasingly experiencing depletion of dissolved oxygen (anoxia) in their bottom waters (the hypolimnion) because of climate change and eutrophication, which is altering the dynamics of many freshwater ecological communities. Hypolimnetic anoxia may substantially alter the daily migration and distribution of zooplankton, the dominant grazers of phytoplankton in aquatic food webs. In waterbodies with oxic hypolimnia, zooplankton exhibit diel vertical migration (DVM), in which they migrate to the dark hypolimnion during the day to escape fish predation or ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage in the well‐lit surface waters (the epilimnion). However, due to the physiologically stressful conditions of anoxic hypolimnia, we hypothesized that zooplankton may be forced to remain in the epilimnion during daylight, trading oxic stress for increased predation risk or UV radiation damage. To examine how anoxia impacts zooplankton vertical migration, distribution, biomass, and community composition over day–night periods, we conducted multiple diel sampling campaigns on reservoirs that spanned oxic, hypoxic, and anoxic hypolimnetic conditions. In addition, we sampled the same reservoirs fortnightly during the daytime to examine the vertical position of zooplankton throughout the summer stratified season. Under anoxic conditions, most zooplankton taxa were predominantly found in the epilimnion during the day and night, did not exhibit DVM, and had lower seasonal biomass than in reservoirs with oxic hypolimnia. Only the phantom midge larva, Chaoborus spp., was consistently anoxia‐tolerant. Consequently, our results suggest that hypolimnetic anoxia may alter zooplankton migration, biomass, and behavior, which may in turn exacerbate water quality degradation due to the critical role zooplankton play in freshwater ecosystems.
PHYLACINE 1.2: The Phylogenetic Atlas of Mammal Macroecology
Authors: Faurby Søren , Davis Matt , Pedersen Rasmus Ø. , Schowanek Simon D. , Antonelli1 Alexandre , Svenning Jens‐Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractData needed for macroecological analyses are difficult to compile and often hidden away in supplementary material under non‐standardized formats. Phylogenies, range data, and trait data often use conflicting taxonomies and require ad hoc decisions to synonymize species or fill in large amounts of missing data. Furthermore, most available data sets ignore the large impact that humans have had on species ranges and diversity. Ignoring these impacts can lead to drastic differences in diversity patterns and estimates of the strength of biological rules. To help overcome these issues, we assembled PHYLACINE, The Phylogenetic Atlas of Mammal Macroecology. This taxonomically integrated platform contains phylogenies, range maps, trait data, and threat status for all 5,831 known mammal species that lived since the last interglacial (~130,000 years ago until present). PHYLACINE is ready to use directly, as all taxonomy and metadata are consistent across the different types of data, and files are provided in easy‐to‐use formats. The atlas includes both maps of current species ranges and present natural ranges, which represent estimates of where species would live without anthropogenic pressures. Trait data include body mass and coarse measures of life habit and diet. Data gaps have been minimized through extensive literature searches and clearly labelled imputation of missing values. The PHYLACINE database will be archived here as well as hosted online so that users may easily contribute updates and corrections to continually improve the data. This database will be useful to any researcher who wishes to investigate large‐scale ecological patterns. Previous versions of the database have already provided valuable information and have, for instance, shown that megafauna extinctions caused substantial changes in vegetation structure and nutrient transfer patterns across the globe.
Improvement of Interfacial Stability for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathode: Insight into the Effect and Mechanism of Additive with Special Structure
Authors: Zhao Dongni , Wang Peng , Zhao Qiuping , Li Shiyou , Zhou Zhifang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe development of a suitable high voltage electrolyte system is of great importance for high energy density system. However, solving the interfacial stability of high voltage cathode materials remains a challenge. Herein, methyl benzenesulfonate (MBS) with a special structure as a “victim” additive has been introduced to construct a protective interface film on the surface of lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, LNMO) cathode. Charge‐discharge cycling and rate capability performances demonstrate that introducing MBS additive has positive effect on interfacial stability, especially for power property. In 3.0 C rate, the cell with MBS electrolyte has about 63.5 % of capacity retention compared with the discharge capacity using 0.2 C rate, nevertheless, the baseline electrolyte is only 24.2 %. Besides, electrolyte with MBS additive shows some advantages in suppressing overcharge. The excellent performance can be attributed to the special molecular structure of MBS, which can further optimize the properties of interface film. The preferential oxidizability of MBS is able to construct a protective film on the electrode to hinder the further breakdown of electrolyte. The aromatic ring ensures the chemical stability of interface film and the sulfur provides the interface film with high ionic conductivity. These contributions are confirmed by further electrochemical measurements, detailed physical characterizations and theoretical calculations.
Physicians’ challenges under El Salvador's criminal abortion prohibition
Authors: Zureick Alyson , Khan Amber , Chen Angeline , Reyes Astrid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEl Salvador's criminal abortion law—one of the few in the world that prohibits all abortions and that is actively enforced against women—harms women's health and undermines the ethical duties of Salvadoran physicians and the standing of the medical profession. Under the criminal abortion regime, physicians are incentivized to disclose their patients’ confidential medical information, in violation of their ethical duties, and public healthcare facilities have become sites of criminal investigation. These investigations target women not only for illegal abortions, but also for miscarriages and obstetric emergencies. The ban further prevents physicians from providing medical care that is often necessary to preserve a woman's life or health. Finally, by criminalizing women's pregnancy outcomes, the regime undermines the country's recent public health improvement efforts and compounds the marginalization of women and girls from its most vulnerable communities, in violation of the state's international human rights obligations.
Emerging tools, enabling technologies, and future opportunities for the bioproduction of aromatic chemicals
Authors: Machas Michael , Kurgan Gavin , Jha Amit K , Flores Andrew , Schneider Aidan , Coyle Sean , Varman Arul M , Wang Xuan , Nielsen David R 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAromatic compounds, which are traditionally derived from petroleum feedstocks, represent a diverse class of molecules with a wide range of industrial and commercial applications. Significant progress has been made to alternatively and sustainably produce many aromatics from renewable substrates using microbial biocatalysts. While the construction of both natural and non‐natural pathways has expanded the number and diversity of aromatic bioproducts, pathway modularization in both single‐ and multi‐strain systems continues to support the enhancement of key production metrics towards economically‐viable levels. Emerging tools for implementing more precise metabolic control (e.g. CRISPRi, sRNA) as well as the engineering of novel high‐throughput screening platforms utilizing in vivo aromatic biosensors, meanwhile, continue to facilitate further optimization of both pathways and hosts. While product toxicity persists as a key challenge limiting the production of many aromatics, various successful strategies have been demonstrated towards improving tolerance, including via membrane and efflux pump engineering as well as by exploiting alternative production hosts. Finally, as a further step towards sustainable and economical aromatic bioproduction, non‐model substrates including lignin‐derived compounds continue to emerge as viable feedstocks. This review highlights recent and notable achievements related to such efforts while offering future outlooks towards engineering microbial cell factories for aromatic production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Pharmacist prescribing in England: acting on history to address current challenges in pharmacy practice
Authors: Strickland‐Hodge Barry , Kennedy Mary‐Claire , Baines Darrin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHistorically, doctors prescribe and pharmacists dispense, but these clear lines are rapidly eroding. The view that pharmacists should work closely with general practitioners and hospital doctors is a reality: it is encouraged by surveys and major reports, such as that of Lord Carter. This shift is mediated by the need to balance the authority of doctors and patient safety with a shortage of doctors and a need to use the skills of pharmacists appropriately. As the population ages, more pharmacists, with the necessary skills and knowledge, will be required.
Plant sn‐Glycerol‐3‐Phosphate Acyltransferases: Biocatalysts Involved in the Biosynthesis of Intracellular and Extracellular Lipids
Authors: Jayawardhane Kethmi N. , Singer Stacy D. , Weselake Randall J. , Chen Guanqun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcyl‐lipids such as intracellular phospholipids, galactolipids, sphingolipids, and surface lipids play a crucial role in plant cells by serving as major components of cellular membranes, seed storage oils, and extracellular lipids such as cutin and suberin. Plant lipids are also widely used to make food, renewable biomaterials, and fuels. As such, enormous efforts have been made to uncover the specific roles of different genes and enzymes involved in lipid biosynthetic pathways over the last few decades. sn‐Glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) are a group of important enzymes catalyzing the acylation of sn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate at the sn‐1 or sn‐2 position to produce lysophosphatidic acids. This reaction constitutes the first step of storage‐lipid assembly and is also important in polar‐ and extracellular‐lipid biosynthesis. Ten GPAT have been identified in Arabidopsis, and many homologs have also been reported in other plant species. These enzymes differentially localize to plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum, where they have different biological functions, resulting in distinct metabolic fate(s) for lysophosphatidic acid. Although studies in recent years have led to new discoveries about plant GPAT, many gaps still exist in our understanding of this group of enzymes. In this article, we highlight current biochemical and molecular knowledge regarding plant GPAT, and also discuss deficiencies in our understanding of their functions in the context of plant acyl‐lipid biosynthesis.
Association of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 and angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 with hypertension in men—the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study
Authors: Kunnas Tarja , Solakivi Tiina , Nikkari Seppo T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the association of three known genome‐wide association study loci for blood lipids that have lead traits for triglycerides with hypertension in the Tampere adult population cardiovascular risk study.MethodsA Finnish cohort of 190 men with diagnosed hypertension and 279 controls were analyzed. Samples were genotyped for low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 (C>T), angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 (T>G), and fatty acid desaturase 1 rs174546 (C>T) polymorphisms using competitive allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction technique.ResultsAt the age of 50, subjects with low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 (C>T) minor genotype TT had significantly more hypertension than those with the C allele (OR 5.17, CI 2.03–12.74, p < 0.001). Subjects with angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 (T>G) T allele had more hypertension than those with the minor genotype GG (OR 5.02, CI 1.40–17.98, p = 0.013). Fatty acid desaturase 1 rs174546 (C>T) did not associate with hypertension.ConclusionAssociation of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 rs11613352 and angiopoietin‐like 3 rs2131925 with hypertension might imply a direct effect at the artery wall.
Zelthallen aus PVC‐beschichtetem Polyestergewebe nach aktualisierter Normenreihe DIN 18204
Authors: Uhlemann Jörg , Stranghöner Natalie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie Normenreihe DIN 18204 „Bauteile aus textilen Flächengebilden und Folien” wurde in den letzten zwei Jahren umfassend überarbeitet. Neben der Aktualisierung von Normenbezügen wurde die Struktur grundlegend geändert, so dass sie in zukünftig zu entwickelnden weiteren Normenteilen neben den Zelthallen weitere Strukturen aus textilen Flächengebilden und Folien regeln kann. Die Materialspezifikationen wurden entschlackt und auf neue Prüfnormen angepasst. Des Weiteren wurde das Bemessungskonzept behutsam überarbeitet. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Hintergründe, zeigt detailliert die Änderungen zur Vorgängernorm und gibt einen Ausblick auf die endgültige Fassung.
Besonderheiten der Stahlverbundkonstruktion des Parkhauses Coulinstraße in Wiesbaden
Authors: Springer Johannes , Reuke Hendrik , Wolters Kevin , Kopp Maik 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDas neue Parkhaus Coulinstraße in der Wiesbadener Innenstadt ist eine Stahlverbundkonstruktion mit einer Reihe von Besonderheiten. Neben der Beschreibung der Konstruktion mit Deckenträgern als oberflanschlose Verbundträger mit PZ‐Verbunddübelleiste in Kombination mit einer Verbunddecke berichtet der Beitrag über Bemerkenswertes der Tragwerksplanung und der Stahlbaukonstruktion. Dabei wird auch besonders auf die Brandschutzbemessung des Stahlbaus nach DIN EN 1993 eingegangen.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of CMSX-4 Single Crystals Prepared by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Körner C. , Ramsperger M. , Meid C. , Bürger D. , Wollgramm P. , Bartsch M. , Eggeler G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Currently, additive manufacturing (AM) experiences significant attention in nearly all industrial sectors. AM is already well established in fields such as medicine or spare part production. Nevertheless, processing of high-performance nickel-based superalloys and especially single crystalline alloys such as CMSX-4® is challenging due to the difficulty of intense crack formation. Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) takes place at high process temperatures (~ 1000 °C) and under vacuum conditions. Current work has demonstrated processing of CMSX-4® without crack formation. In addition, by using appropriate AM scan strategies, even single crystals (SX SEBM CMSX-4®) develop directly from the powder bed. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanical properties of SX SEBM CMSX-4® prepared by SEBM in the as-built condition and after heat treatment. The focus is on hardness, strength, low cycle fatigue, and creep properties. These properties are compared with conventional cast and heat-treated material.
Investigating the Dislocation-Driven Micro-mechanical Response Under Non-isothermal Creep Conditions in Single-Crystal Superalloys
Authors: Schwalbe C. , Cormier J. , Jones C. N. , Galindo-Nava E. , Rae C. M. F. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The creep responses of the superalloy CMSX-4 under thermal cycling conditions (900 °C to 1050 °C) and constant load (

$$ \sigma_{0} = 200 MPa $$

σ
0

=
200
M
P
a

) were analyzed using TEM dislocation analysis and compared to the modeled evolution of key creep parameters. By studying tests interrupted at different stages of creep, it is argued that the thermal cycling creep rate under these conditions depends on the creation of interfacial dislocation networks and their disintegration by the γ′-shear of dissimilar Burgers vector pairs.
The Ban on “Tropical Natives” and the Promotion of Illegal Migration in Pre-Apartheid South Africa
Authors: Musoni Francis 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:This article examines the historical as well as contemporary significance of South Africa’s 1913 ban on the recruitment of migrant workers from areas north of latitude 22 degrees south. This ill-conceived policy not only criminalized the employment of so-called “tropical natives” in South Africa but also triggered contestations, fueling illegal migration from the restricted areas. By 1933, when the ban was lifted, illegal migration from Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia) had become a major site of contestations among policymakers, labor agents, business owners, and migrant workers in South Africa. While the dominant narrative in Southern Africa holds that illegal migration only became an issue of concern after the end of apartheid rule, this phenomenon has a much longer history in the subregion. Identifying factors that push people to move from one country to another and those that force or encourage travelers to cross international boundaries without following official channels facilitates the understanding of the complexities involved in cases of illegal migration wherever this practice exists. While low wages and other sources of insecurity in colonial Zimbabwe may indeed have compelled many people to consider moving to South Africa, such factors did not cause migrants to use unofficial channels in crossing the border. Rather, South Africa’s ban imposed numerous barriers, rendering it difficult for those seeking work to cross between the two countries through legal and/or formal channels.
Optimal mixing in three-dimensional plane Poiseuille flow at high Péclet number
Authors: Vermach L. , Caulfield C. P. 
Published: July 2018

We consider a passive zero-mean scalar field organised into two layers of different concentrations in a three-dimensional plane channel flow subjected to a constant along-stream pressure gradient. We employ a nonlinear direct-adjoint-looping method to identify the optimal initial perturbation of the velocity field with given initial energy which yields ‘maximal’ mixing by a target time horizon, where maximal mixing is defined here as the minimisation of the spatially integrated variance of the concentration field. We verify in three-dimensional flows the conjecture by Foures et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 748, 2014, pp. 241–277) that the initial perturbation which maximises the time-averaged energy gain of the flow leads to relatively weak mixing, and is qualitatively different from the optimal initial ‘mixing’ perturbation which exploits classical Taylor dispersion. We carry out the analysis for two different Reynolds numbers ($Re=U_{m}h/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=500$ and $Re=3000$, where $U_{m}$ is the maximum flow speed of the unperturbed flow, $h$ is the channel half-depth and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid) demonstrating that this key finding is robust with respect to the transition to turbulence. We also identify the initial perturbations that minimise, at chosen target times, the ‘mix-norm’ of the concentration field, i.e. a Sobolev norm of negative index in the class introduced by Mathew et al. (Physica D, vol. 211, 2005, pp. 23–46). We show that the ‘true’ variance-based mixing strategy can be successfully and practicably approximated by the mix-norm minimisation since we find that the mix-norm-optimal initial perturbations are far less sensitive to changes in the target time horizon than their optimal variance-minimising counterparts.