bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atraumatic Failure of the DePuy Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced Fenestrated Cephalic Lag Screw
Authors: Wilson Alan E. , Lau Emily N. , Moloney Gele B. 
Published: November 2024

Case:
Extracapsular proximal femur fractures are a common injury that can be reliably treated with cephalomedullary nailing. We present 2 cases of atraumatic DePuy Synthes Trochanteric Fixation Nail Advanced implant failure through cephalic lag screw fenestrations in the setting of intertrochanteric fracture.

Conclusion:
Fenestrated lag screws inserted without cement augmentation may be susceptible to fatigue failure. Patients with unstable fracture patterns and other risk factors for delayed healing should undergo close clinical follow-up.
Intrathoracic Scapular Dislocation After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Post William R. , Kibler W. Ben 
Published: November 2024

Case:
A 75-year-old woman status post total shoulder arthroplasty and posterior rib resection 29 years previously experienced a low-energy intrathoracic scapular dislocation (ISD). Closed reduction under anesthesia was unsuccessful, and she required open surgical repair performed by a novel modification of Kibler's technique for medial scapular muscle repair.

Conclusion:
This case is unique because increased range of motion after successful arthroplasty allowed her shoulder to flex forward enough to result in ISD. Successful surgical repair was performed by a technique previously not described.
The addition of degradable activators enhances Sedum alfredii phytoremediation efficiency in Cd-contaminated soils
Authors: Li Honggang , Ling Huang , Chen Zhiliang , Hang Wei , Sun Mengqaing , Huang Xiaoqing , Li Haochao , Liu Qianjun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is a critical environmental issue that requires urgent remediation. Sedum alfredii, known for its high biomass, strong stress tolerance, and suitability for harvesting, serves as an excellent hyperaccumulator. This study used field experiments to investigate the enhancement of Cd phytoremediation in soil using three activators: citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), and polyaspartic acid (PASP). The results showed that the biomass of Sedum alfredii was increased by 8.95%-28.37% by the addition of these activators, significantly boosting its Cd accumulation efficiency, with an average removal rate increase of 12%. Among all activators, CA exhibited the most substantial enhancement effect, with enrichment coefficients of 36.26% and 11.56% for the aboveground parts and roots of Sedum alfredii, respectively, and a 21.15% increase in Cd removal rate. Although PASP had less pronounced effect on biomass and Cd uptake, with decreases of 15.25% and 35.34% in the aboveground parts and roots, respectively, it significantly impacted soil Cd speciation and increased the activation rate by 20%.
Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities and Chemical Composition of Bark of Mahonia napaulensis DC. of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Rajib Kumar , Nayak Satyabrata , Maharjan Prabal Singh , Pokharel Bivek , Jhingan Gagan Deep , Singh Rana Pratap , Bhavesh Neel Sarovar , Shrestha Bhupal Govinda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Cancer is one of the major health problems worldwide and medicinal plants constitute a common alternative for cancer treatment having no or less side effects. This study was aimed to assess total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents, antioxidant, biological activities (especially antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer) and chemical composition of methanol extract of M. napaulensis DC. bark (MNBM). This is the first study of evaluating its anticancer activity and chemical composition by LC-MS/MS analysis.
Methods
TPC, TFC, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3, DPPH, resazurin and MTT assays, respectively. Its metabolite profiling was done by LC-MS/MS analysis. The statistical significance of differences between test groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test.
Results
The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various phytochemicals viz. alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids and quinone. MNBM showed 38.00 ± 1.50 mg GAE g− 1 dry sample as TPC; 35.04 ± 4.87 mg QE g− 1 dry sample as TFC and 212.97 µg/mL IC50 value (P < 0.05) as moderate antioxidant activity. MNBM showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values 100.22 mg/mL, 50.15 mg/mL and 25.08 mg/mL against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, respectively as weak antimicrobial activity. It did not show any antibacterial effect against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa at 120 mg/mL. The anticancer activity of MNBM was moderate against human lung cancer cells A549 (228.97 µg/mL IC50 value) and human cervical cancer cells HeLa (367.72 µg/mL IC50 value) (P < 0.05). The LC-MS/MS analysis reported the presence of different anticancer compounds viz. dihydroberberine, d-berbamine, (S)-glaucine, protopine, grosheimin, mycophenolic acid, berberine, alpha-linolenic acid etc.
Conclusions
MNBM showed the dose-dependent moderate antioxidant, weak antibacterial, weak antifungal and moderate anticancer activity due to the synergistic effect of different phytochemicals and anticancer compounds.
Experimental investigation of the deformation and fracture characteristics of expansive soil under the influence of water-soluble acrylic acid
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhao Yong , Dong Huanyu , Wang Huarong , Niu Wangjin , Zhao Zhixia , Song Fuyong , Tan Hang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Expansive soil is susceptible to water absorption, expansion, shrinkage, and cracking, leading to frequent road disasters. To address the issues of swelling, cracking, and low strength in expansive soil, sodium polyacrylate was utilized as a modifier for soil modification. The mechanical properties, expansion behavior, fracture characteristics, porosity changes and microscopic mechanisms of the modified expansive soil were described through physical property tests, expansion tests, mechanical tests, dry-wet cycle tests, and scanning electron microscope examinations. The results indicated a 52.14% decrease in liquid limit and a 77.36% decrease in plastic index; meanwhile the plastic limit increased by 20.83%. Additionally, the maximum dry density decreased by 5.11%, while the optimal water content increased by 28.47%. With an increase in modifier content up to 4%, both compressive strength and shear strength initially increased before decreasing again; reaching their peak at this level of content. The compressive failure type transitioned from E type to C type after modification. Vertical and lateral deformation were minimized with a shear content of 4%, resulting in an 86% reduction in axial deformation rate. The expansion rate decreased by 54.57%, along with a reduction of expansion force ranging from 15–57%. The cracks developed more slowly within the modified samples compared to unmodified ones, and their width decreased by 61.68% post-modification. SEM analysis revealed that hydrogel film filled between particles stretched and wrapped around them, making the soil structure more compact. PCAS pore analysis demonstrated varying degrees of changein porosity following modification, resulting in decreases in both to taland average porosity.
Can Trema micranthum (L.) Blume (Cannabaceae) become a new source of cannabinoids? A UHPLC- HRMS/MS analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Rayssa , Silva Yasmin Cunha , Finotti Ricardo , Carneiro Gabriel Reis Alves , Santos Gustavo Ramalho Cardoso dos , Pereira Henrique Marcelo Gualberto , Padilha Monica Costa , Veiga-Junior Valdir F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Trema micranthum (Cannabaceae) has emerged as a promising new source of cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD). Given the substantial medicinal demand for cannabinoids and the regulatory challenges associated with Cannabis sativa due to the presence of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), this study sought to explore the presence of CBD, THC, and their precursors, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA A) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), in various parts of Trema micranthum using UHPLC-HRMS/MS (Orbitrap). Extracts from fruits, leaves, inflorescences, and stems were obtained using a methanol/hexane (9:1, v/v) solvent mixture. UHPLC coupled with an Orbitrap mass spectrometer was employed for cannabinoid identification and quantification, with standard mixtures prepared in methanol. The extracts yielded significant quantities, such as 6.6%/g from leaves and 3%/g from fruits. Cannabinoids were detected in fruits, leaves, and inflorescences, with acidic forms (CBDA and THCA A) present in higher concentrations than their neutral counterparts. Notably, leaves contained 4.43 x 10⁻³ µg/g of CBD and 1.05 x 10⁻³ µg/g of THC. These findings, facilitated by high-resolution analytical methods, underscore the potential of Trema micranthum as an alternative source for cannabinoids, guiding future research in this area.
Design and characterization of allantoin-inducible expression systems in budding yeast
Authors: Wang Junyi , Ma Jaixue , Luo Xueyi , Wang Shuo , Cai Xinning , Yuan Jifeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a eukaryotic model microorganism, has been extensively employed as a host for the production of various biochemicals and recombinant proteins. The expression systems employed in S. cerevisiae typically rely on constitutive or galactose-regulated promoters, and the limited repertoire of gene expression regulations imposes constraints on the productivity of microbial cell factories based on budding yeast.
Results
In this study, we designed and characterized a series of allantoin-inducible expression systems based on the endogenous allantoin catabolic system (DAL-related genes) in S. cerevisiae. We first characterized the expression profile of a set of DAL promoters induced by allantoin, and further combined with the galactose-inducible (GAL) system to create a highly responsive genetic switch that efficiently amplifies the output signals. The resulting allantoin-GAL system could give a ON/OFF ratio of 68.6, with 6.8-fold higher signal output over that of direct DAL2p-controlled gene expression after 96 h cultivation. Subsequently, we successfully demonstrated that allantoin-GAL system can be used to effectively regulate carotenoid production and cell flocculation in S. cerevisiae.
Conclusions
In summary, we have constructed an effective allantoin-inducible system for bioproduction applications. Considering there are limited microorganisms can directly utilize allantoin as an alternative nitrogen source, we envision that it will be possible to further develop contamination-resistant fermentation process by harnessing the competitive advantage on nitrogen source utilization.
Analysis of Atmospheric Complex Pollution Drama and Impact on Human Health under Sandstorms——Taking Gansu as an Example
Authors: Cao Yaqun , Ju Tianzhen , Li Bingnan , Wang Jiaqi , Li Jiachen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Gansu Province is one of the important corridors for the transmission of sand and dust storms in the world. Monitoring the spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric pollutants and health benefits under sand and dust storm weather in this region is important for the prevention and control of catastrophic weather. The article investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of five pollutants, HCHO, UVAI, NO2, SO2, and O3, under sand and dust weather based on OMI data, and measured the health hazards of the populations exposed to sand and dust weather in Gansu Province in 2021 using particulate matter concentrations and the BenMAP health model. The concentrations of all five pollutants were substantially altered under the sand and dust hazardous weather, in which the maximum and mean values of UVAI, NO2, SO2, and O3 showed an increase, while HCHO showed a decrease, and the areas of influence of the high concentrations of all five indicators were expanded with the sand and dust weather. Based on the BenMAP model, the ranking of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality risks from PM2.5 exposure under the influence of sand and dust weather in Gansu in 2021 was almost the same, and the risks were closely related to pollutant concentrations and the local population base, so that the concern of sand and dust weather is important for air quality evaluation and residents' health.
Assessing boscalid efficacy and resistance in large-spored Alternaria pathogens of potato and tomato crops
Authors: Kokaeva Lyudmila , Berezov Alexander A. , Pobedinskaya Marina , Balabko Petr , Elansky Sergey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The resistance of large-spored Alternaria species in the Porri section to boscalid was evaluated through laboratory assays. Most isolates had EC50 values above 100 µg/mL, indicating widespread fungicide resistance. Only isolates of A. solani demonstrated sensitivity, with EC50 values below 7 µg/mL. Isolates of A. linariae, A. protenta and A. alternariacida were resistant. A moderate level of resistance to the fungicide was detected in A. grandis (mean EC50 = 76,8 µg/mL). Although the resistance levels varied among strains, sampling location did not appear to be a significant factor. One of the primary targets of boscalid within fungal cells is the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme complex, which consists of several subunits. Mutations in these genes have been identified as a key mechanism of boscalid resistance in various fungal pathogens. Our study revealed the absence of H134R and H278Y mutations within the SdhB gene among the Alternaria isolates. We further analysed the sequences of Sdh gene subunits B, C, and D in isolates originating from potato, including A. alternariacida, A. grandis, A. linariae, A. protenta, and A. solani. This analysis identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that effectively distinguished these isolates from tomato-derived A. linariae ones.
Exploring Predictors of Personalized Advertising Avoidance from the Perspective of Consumer Privacy and Control Agency
Authors: Chen Yun Bo , Zhang Yi Xiang , Huang Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Drawing on advertising avoidance theory, control agency theory and privacy calculus theory, this study develops a model of factors affecting personalized advertising avoidance, which include consumers’ perceptions of privacy, encompassing their internal views, perception of the external privacy environment, perceived personalization of personalized advertising, and personal experiences of privacy. The study conducts an online survey, collecting 502 valid questionnaires. Following verification through structural equation modeling analysis, the research reveals that privacy concerns, privacy fatigue, the perceived effectiveness of privacy-protective technology, the perceived effectiveness of laws, perceived personalization, and prior negative experiences directly impact precision advertising avoidance. Perceived risk, plays a mediating role between privacy concern and advertising avoidance, between the perceived effectiveness of industry self-regulation and advertising avoidance, and between prior negative experiences and advertising avoidance. Lastly, this research proposes suggestions aimed at establishing a more secure network privacy protection environment and enhancing the appeal of personalized advertising content to reduce consumers’ avoidance and promote its future development.
Preparation and characterization of fetal rat renal cell peptides for their antitumor activity
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Cao Yuan , Du Jing , Zhang Ying , Wang Junxia , Yuan Ying , Sun Lianqing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The therapeutic efficacy of traditional chemotherapies and advanced targeted therapies is unsatisfactory due to systemic adverse effects. Bioactive peptides are attractive therapeutic reagents because of their high antitumor activity and safety profiles. Currently, antitumor bioactive peptides can be derived from various organisms. This study aimed to prepare and characterize fetal rat renal cell peptides (RCPs) for their antitumor activities in vitro.
Methods
The kidneys were dissected from fetal SD rats and digested with collagenase to obtain renal cells, which were further digested with trypsin, alkaline protease, papain, and protamex, respectively. Following filtration with 3 and 10-K filters, the enzyme-digested products were measured for protein concentrations and tested for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells. The bioactive peptides in individual enzyme products were predicted using http://distilldeep.ucd.ie/PeptideRanker. The top predicted bioactive peptides were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity against different types of tumor cells in vitro by CCK-8 assays. Finally, their IC50 values were calculated and accuracy for antitumor activity was estimated by ROC curve.
Results
Digestion with collagenase resulted in renal cells with epithelial morphology and digestion of renal cells with trypsin, papain, protamex, or alkaline protease led to different percentages of products with a molecular weight of < 3k, 3-10k, or > 10k. Preliminary screening revealed that treatment with different concentrations of trypsin, papain, or protamex, but not alkaline protease-digested < 3k protein products reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Functionally, many bioactive peptides were predicted and the top ten peptides (RCPs 1–10) were synthesized. Interestingly, the RCP1, 5, and 6 displayed preferable cytotoxicity against human cancer MCF-7, A549, HCT-116, Hela, HepG2, and SGC-7901 cells and their cytotoxicity was time- and dose-dependent.
Conclusion
RCPs prepared from embryonic rat renal cells displayed potent cytotoxicity preferably against different types of cancer cells in vitro in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These peptides may be valuable for the treatment of malignant tumors.
Clump-fed black hole growth in the first billion years of the universe
Authors: Kataria Manish , Saha Kanak , Elmegreen Bruce 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Understanding how supermassive black holes (SMBHs) form in the early universe is one of the most challenging problems in astrophysics. Their high abundance in the first billion years, as observed by the James Webb Space Telescope, hints towards black hole seeds that accrete mass rapidly. The origin of this accreted mass is not known. Here, we consider a billion solar mass clumpy galaxy at z=5.48 with a 30 million solar mass black hole in the center. We show that the clumps should migrate to the central region because of torques from dynamical friction with the halo, funneling in at least 14 solar masses per year. This is fast enough to grow the observed SMBH, with only 1% of the accreted mass getting in and the rest going to a bulge. Clump-fed accretion could explain most young SMBHs because young galaxies are highly irregular with massive star-forming clumps.
Effects of Erosion Gully Drainage on Soil Organic Carbon Spatial Differentiation Pattern in Alpine Peatlands
Authors: Ma Xinyu , zhao chengzhang , Zhao Xiawei , Zhang Lu , Li Haolin , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Hydrothermal pattern and vegetation community structure are key factors affecting the soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and accumulation in alpine peatlands. Research on the influence of vegetation and soil factors on SOC spatial differentiation pattern under the thaw slump erosion gullies drainage gradient, can help understand the alpine peatlands carbon sequestration mechanism under the climate change. In this paper, experiments were conducted in drainage alpine peatlands on Zoige Plateau. From undisturbed peatland to the edge of the erosion gully formed by thaw slump, according to the water level changes. Four drainage gradient sample plots were set up successively, namely undrained (Ⅰ), lightly drained (Ⅱ), moderately drained (Ⅲ) and heavily drained (Ⅳ), the effects of community characteristics and soil factors on the SOC content at different drainage gradients were studied. The results show that: Horizontally, the dominant species succession from Carex muliensis (I) to Blysmus sinocompressus (II, III) and Kobresia tibetica (IV), the SOC, soil water content (SWC), C/N, community biomass (TB), litter count (LC), and root/shoot (R/S) decreased, the soil bulk density (BD), pH and temperature (ST) increased. Vertically, the SOC in Sample plot I decreased, in Sample plot II, III, and IV firstly decreased and then increased. The SOC was highly significant positive correlation with TB, LC, and R/S (p < = 0.01). Path analysis indicated that the order of soil factors affecting SOC was SWC > C/N > ST > BD. Drainage affects the peatlands ecohydrological processes, disrupts the balance of material input and decomposition, changes the SOC horizontal and vertical patterns, causing alpine peatlands degradation.
MSANet: Mamba-Based Multi-Scale Attention for RGBT Tracking
Authors: zhao yuhan , wu yue , cao kehan , zhao jixing , liu bingyou , wan guoyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

RGBT (visible and thermal imaging) tracking offers a robust solution for all-weather target tracking by integrating RGB and thermal imaging data. However, traditional fusion methods often struggle in complex scenes with varying conditions. In this paper, we propose a Visual State-Space Module that leverages Mamba's linear complexity long-range modeling capabilities to significantly enhance the robustness of feature extraction. Our method introduces an innovative Multi-Scale Fusion Mechanism that improves the efficiency and accuracy of feature fusion in RGBT tracking. This mechanism captures multi-scale feature information more effectively by generating comprehensive feature maps through the summation of various convolution results, thereby enhancing the model's overall feature representation and discriminative capabilities. We conducted extensive experiments on five publicly available datasets to assess the performance of our method. Experimental results show that our method has certain advantages over existing methods, especially in challenging scenes with background clutter and illumination variations, resulting in more stable and reliable target tracking. It provides a more efficient and robust solution for complex tracking tasks under different environmental conditions.
AU-guided Feature Aggregation for Micro-Expression Recognition
Authors: 谭 小慧 , 吴 嘉正 , 庚 琦川 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Micro-expressions (MEs) are spontaneous and transient facial movements that reflect real internal emotions and they have been widely applied in various fields. Recent deep learning-based methods have been rapidly developing in the area of micro-expression recognition (MER), but it is typical to focus on one-sided nature of MEs, covering only representational features or low-ranking Action Unit (AU) features. The subtle changes in MEs characterize its feature representation to be weak and inconspicuous, which makes it tough to analyze MEs only from single piece or a small amount of information to achieve a considerable recognition effect. In addition, the lower-order information can only distinguish MEs from a single low-dimensional perspective and neglects the potential of corresponding MEs and AU combinations to each other. To address these issues, we first explore that the higher-order relations of different AU combinations have correspondence with MEs through statistical analysis. Afterwards, based on this attribute, we propose an end-to-end multi-stream model that integrates global feature learning and local muscle movement representation guided by AU semantic information. The comparative experiments were carried out on benchmark datasets, with better performance than the state-of-art methods. Also, the ablation experiments demonstrate the necessity of our model to introduce the information of AU and its relationship to MER.