bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of hyperlipidemia as a coexisting factor on the prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Chen Chengfang , Wang Mingming , Wang Hongya , Xiong Wenping , Dai Qinglei , Wang Baowei , Liang Xuhui , Wang Haibo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo define the impact of hyperlipidemia as a coexisting factor on the prognosis of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSHL), we prospectively analysed the Lipid‐lowering therapy Group (LLTG) data compared with Control Group (CG) data to determine the effects of Lipid intervention on the prognosis of sudden hearing loss.DesignA prospective, non‐randomized study.SettingShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China.ParticipantsA total of 653 in‐patient SSHL patients were enrolled between January 2014 to August 2018.Main outcome measuresFrom January 2014 to August 2018, 653 patients with ISSHL who also had hyperlipidemia as coexisting factor were identified. Patients enrolled in LLTG (n = 200) or CG (n = 453) were compared by a propensity score matching analysis (PSM, caliper = 0.01, n = 2) to balance pre‐existing clinical characteristics. After matching, the effective rate of different hyperlipidemia types and different types of audiogram in both groups were performed by Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test (CMH).ResultsAfter PSM, 440 patients were studied (146 in LLTG, 294 in CG), and the influence of interference factors was balanced, meanwhile, the final hearing level was better in LLTG than CG (P = .043), and hearing gain was higher in LLTG than CG (P = .006). Cure rate (32.9%), significant improvement rate (22.6%) and the total effective rate (76.0%) in LLTG were better than that in CG group (26.5%, 15.6% and 63.6%) after the Pearson chi‐square test (P < .05). Analysis with the Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel test showed that the total effective rate was better in LLTG than CG respectively (P = .009) in each different hyperlipidemia types, and there were statistically significant differences in TG higher group (TG Group; P = .018). Moreover, the total effective rate was better in LLTG than CG (P = .006) for all patterns of audiogram, and there were statistically significant differences in flat audiogram (P = .043).ConclusionsLipid‐lowering therapy can improve the curative effect of sudden hearing loss patients combined with hyperlipidemia. There was a significant difference in the total effective rate of TG Group after lipid intervention, suggesting that there might be causal relationship between TG and sudden hearing loss. There was a significant difference in the total effective rate between flat audiogram, which may suggest flat hearing loss was more likely caused by vascular dysfunction.
Visceral adipose tissue normative values in adults from the United States usingGELunariDXA
Authors: Hirsch Katie R. , Blue Malia N. M. , Trexler Eric T. , Smith‐Ryan Abbie E. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObjectivesTo create normative data for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) derived from theGELunariDXAspecific to sex and age cohorts for adults in the United States (US).MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of 649 adults were evaluated [Mean ± SD (Range): Males:n = 351; Age = 33·2 ± 17·4 years (18–75 years); Body mass index (BMI) = 26·5 ± 5·4 kg·m−2(17·5–44·2 kg·m−2); Females:n = 298; Age = 28·5 ± 14·3 years (18·0–75·0 years);BMI=25·8 ± 6·9 kg·m−2(17·9–54·8 kg·m−2)]. From a total body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan,VATmass (kg) and volume (cm3) were quantified from the software‐delineated region‐of‐interest. The relationship betweenVATand age was evaluated using regression analysis. SeparateVATpercentiles were stratified by age range (18–19 years; 20–24 years; 25–50 years; 50+ years) for males and females.ResultsIn both males and females, there was a positive, non‐linear relationship betweenVATand age (R2 = 0·47–0·49;P<0·0001). In males, the 50th percentile forVATmass and volume, stratified by age was: 18–19 years (0·18 kg; 185·67 cm3), 20–24 years (0·25 kg; 261·21 cm3), 25–49 years (0·71 kg; 746·27 cm3) and 50+ years (1·62 kg; 1708·36 cm3). In females, the 50th percentile forVATmass and volume, stratified by age was: 18–19 years (0·04 kg; 44·90 cm3), 20–24 years (0·06 kg; 59·57 cm3), 25–49 years (0·55 kg; 579·28 cm3) and 50+ years (1·21 kg; 1284·59 cm3).ConclusionThese normative values provide a reference forVATmass and volume inUSadults 18–75 years of age obtained using theGELunariDXA. Measures ofVATprovide important information about metabolic and cardiovascular health risk beyond that ofBMIand per cent body fat.
Do infants have a sense of numerosity? A p‐curve analysis of infant numerosity discrimination studies
Authors: Smyth Rachael E. , Ansari Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch demonstrating that infants discriminate between small (e.g., 1 vs. 3 dots) and large numerosities (e.g., 8 vs. 16 dots) is central to theories concerning the origins of human numerical abilities. To date, there has been no quantitative meta‐analysis of the infant numerical competency data. Here, we quantitatively synthesize the evidential value of the available literature on infant numerosity discrimination using a meta‐analytic tool called p‐curve. In p‐curve the distribution of available p‐values is analyzed to determine whether the published literature examining particular hypotheses contains evidential value. p‐curves demonstrated evidential value for the hypotheses that infants can discriminate between both small and large unimodal and cross‐modal numerosities. However, the analyses also revealed that the published data on infants’ ability to discriminate between large numerosities is less robust and statistically powered than the data on their ability to discriminate small numerosities. We argue there is a need for adequately powered replication studies to enable stronger inferences in order to use infant data to ground theories concerning the ontogenesis of numerical cognition.
Progression of behavioural disturbances in frontotemporal dementia: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: Cosseddu M. , Benussi A. , Gazzina S. , Alberici A. , Dell'Era V. , Manes M. , Cristillo V. , Borroni B. , Padovani A. 
Published: August 2019

Background and purposeBehavioural disturbances are the core features of frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, symptom progression is still not well characterized during the entire course of the disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate behavioural symptoms at baseline and during the disease course in a large cohort of patients with behavioural variant FTD (bvFTD), non‐fluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (PPA).MethodsWe evaluated 403 patients with FTD, 167 of whom had at least 1‐year follow‐up evaluation (for a total of 764 assessments). Behavioural symptoms were assessed and rated through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Frontal Behavioural Inventory (FBI). Disease severity was evaluated through the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ‐Clinical Dementia Rating scale (FTLD‐CDR). Linear mixed models were used to model behavioural measures (NPI, FBI and the five FBI‐behavioural core criteria scores) as a function of disease severity (FTLD‐CDR score) and clinical phenotype.ResultsAt baseline, patients with bvFTD showed more behavioural disturbances compared with those with nfvPPA (P = 0.004). Negative symptoms (apathy and loss of empathy) showed a trend to an increase throughout the course of the disease in both bvFTD and PPA (P < 0.001 until intermediate stages). Positive symptoms (disinhibition, perseverations and hyperorality) increased until intermediate phases (P < 0.001) followed by a progressive reduction in later phases, whereas they were less common in nfvPPA throughout the disease course.ConclusionWe demonstrated that behavioural disturbances differed in FTD and with disease severity. Positive symptoms appeared to improve in the advanced stages, highlighting the importance of taking into account the disease severity as outcome measure in clinical trials.
Promoting intercultural thinking and reflection through U.S. history
Authors: Tocaimaza‐Hatch C. Cecilia , Bloom Melanie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLanguage textbooks present cultural content in a typically homogeneous fashion, thereby ignoring inherent diversity both within and between cultures and reinforcing monodimensional views. Consequently, instructors must find ways to facilitate students’ critical engagement with and reflection on cultural representations in order to provide them with the space to more critically examine cultural heterogeneity, which is essential for effective and appropriate interactions in real settings. The current study describes novel cultural modules built around the PBS documentary series Latino Americans to be integrated into a Spanish 1 course. The modules introduced students to historical events regarding the long‐standing Latino presence in the United States and Latinos’ points of view, perceptions, and values. To ascertain the effectiveness of the modules, students’ development of intercultural sensitivity was assessed via surveys and class observations. The analysis was framed using M. Bennett's model of intercultural development. Results demonstrated students’ shifts in both ethnocentric and ethnorelative perceptions of cultural difference. Regarding ethnorelative perspectives, results suggest discrete improvements particularly as seen in the prevalence of data that support a shift toward acceptance.
An integrated pathway for building regional phylogenies for ecological studies
Authors: Eme David , Anderson Marti J. , Struthers Carl D. , Roberts Clive D. , Liggins Libby 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPhylogenies are increasingly used in community ecology, biogeography and macroecology. However, sourcing a phylogeny comprising the entire species pool for a focal region can be difficult. Typically, a bespoke phylogeny must be created requiring considerable data manipulation and the use of many standalone software packages. Here we present a suite of methodological tools within the popular R environment that help to build molecular phylogenies appropriate for ecological studies with a regional focus.InnovationOur R package regPhylo provides a pipeline to construct a Bayesian posterior distribution of time‐calibrated trees suitable to address ecological questions. The novel contributions of regPhylo include options to: use prior phylogenetic knowledge through flexible topological constraints; include spatial metadata in sourcing DNA sequences; and include taxa without DNA sequences and then infer consequent phylogenetic uncertainty. Specifically, regPhylo helps researchers: retrieve DNA sequences; enhance available metadata; select DNA sequences based on their length or spatial proximity to the region of study; align sequences; and perform quality control. Output from the pipeline is a file ready to run in the Bayesian tree reconstruction software beast2, appropriate for estimating time‐calibrated trees and including phylogenetic uncertainty for downstream analyses.Main conclusionsOverall, regPhylo improves the integration of popular standalone phylogenetic software into the flexible R environment. It provides a novel approach to include topological constraints based on prior knowledge, include taxa without DNA sequences, and select spatially appropriate DNA sequences. When coupled with a Bayesian tree‐building process, our approach provides estimates of uncertainty in both topology and branch lengths. We demonstrate the utility of the package by constructing a posterior distribution of time‐calibrated phylogenies for the New Zealand marine ray‐finned fishes (Actinopterygii) providing the unprecedented opportunity to include phylogenetic information in downstream ecological analyses for marine fishes in this region.
Inter‐population variation in the behaviour of adult and juvenile Red‐footed Boobies Sula sula
Authors: Mendez Loriane , Prudor Aurelien , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: August 2019

Early life is a critical phase of the life cycle of animals and is attracting increased attention because little information is available on the behaviour of young individuals during this period. Behaviour during early life is probably influenced by the environmental conditions encountered by young animals, but data on intraspecific variation between breeding sites during this crucial period of life are limited. Here we study variability in the foraging behaviour of juveniles and adults in three colonies of a pantropical seabird, the Red‐footed Booby Sula sula. Both adults and juveniles were measured and fitted with GPS loggers in three remote islands: Genovesa (Galapagos, Eastern Pacific Ocean), Europa (Western Indian Ocean) and Surprise (New Caledonia, Western Pacific Ocean). Foraging behaviour was compared between age‐classes, sex and colonies by examining trip characteristics, different behaviours at sea, potential associations between individuals and morphological characteristics. Compared with adults, juveniles conducted shorter trips that were restricted to around the colony, especially on Genovesa (max. range: 203.4 ± 125.1 km and 3.6 ± 3.1 km, respectively). Juveniles appeared more constrained by poor flight skills and experience rather than by their morphology. Adults travelled 45% of the time during at‐sea trips, whereas juveniles spent a a lower proportion of time travelling but foraged more often using an ‘area‐restricted search’ behaviour, potentially training to catch prey. Associations between juveniles were commonly detected in the three colonies and occurred mostly during foraging, suggesting that social learning is an important strategy. Variability of morphometric measurements in both adults and juveniles was high between sites, with larger birds found on Genovesa. These results suggest that adaptations to local environmental conditions are already visible in their early life. Future studies should continue to investigate the behavioural flexibility of juvenile birds to better understand the effect of local environmental conditions during this critical stage of life.
Effect of controlled crystallization on polaronic transport in phosphate‐based glass‐ceramics
Authors: Pavić Luka , Nikolić Juraj , Graça Manuel P.F. , Costa Benilde F.O. , Valente Manuel A. , Skoko Željko , Šantić Ana , Moguš‐Milanković Andrea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of induced crystallization on changes in electrical transport of two types of glass‐ceramics, pure polaron conductive 40Fe2O3‐60P2O5 (F40) (mol%) and predominantly polaronic 5Li2O‐5ZnO‐40P2O5‐50WO3 (Li‐50W) (mol%) was investigated. F40 glass‐ceramics produced at low heat‐treatment temperatures contain single‐phase Fe3(P2O7)2 whereas at higher temperatures two more phases Fe4(P2O7)3 and Fe(PO3)3 are formed. Structural modifications strongly depend on the crystallization temperature and time. The appearance of crystalline phases studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy exhibits changes in Fe2+/Fetot ratio in crystalline/glassy phases. The detailed analysis of different iron sites allows their correlation with changes in electrical conductivity as crystallization progresses. Depending on the course of crystallization, the contribution of each phase to the overall conductivity is determined by the frequency dependence of Zʺ(ω) and Mʺ(ω). DC conductivity shows a sharp decrease as Fe3(P2O7)2 phase appears and consequently glass matrix remains impoverished in Fe2+‐Fe3+ pairs. In the multiphase systems prepared at higher crystallization temperatures, the overall electrical conductivity increases although the continuous grain boundaries along different crystalline grains play a limiting factor. In contrast, the slight conductivity change in Li‐50W glass‐ceramics upon crystallization is a result of remaining W5+‐W6+ pairs in the residual glassy phase. Independence of electrical transport on Li+ ions confirms predominantly polaronic transport in Li‐50W glass‐ceramics.
Sexual system in the tanaidacean Falsapseudes bowmani (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida)
Authors: Kakui Keiichi , Hiruta Chizue , Uyeno Daisuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWith more than 40,000 species, Malacostraca is the most diverse crustacean class. Most malacostracans are gonochoristic, but simultaneous hermaphrodites are also known. Tanaidacea is one of two malacostracan orders that includes simultaneously hermaphroditic species; so far, simultaneous hermaphroditism has been confirmed externally and internally in only two tanaidacean species, both in the genus Apseudes (Apseudidae). Here we show, through external and internal morphological observations of fixed specimens, that the apseudid Falsapseudes bowmani is a simultaneous hermaphrodite, making Falsapseudes the second tanaidacean genus in which simultaneous hermaphroditism has been confirmed both externally and internally. In this species, the epistome (a projection on the clypeus) was thick and elongate in large specimens but was thin and spiniform in smaller specimens; the brooding of eggs or embryos was observed only in thin‐epistome individuals, although a pair of ovaries was confirmed in both thick‐ and thin‐epistome individuals. This suggests that individuals with a thick epistome may act as males while also retaining the female reproductive organs.
Freshwater sponge (Porifera: Spongillidae) distribution across a landscape: Environmental tolerances, habitats, and morphological variation
Authors: Evans Karen L. , Montagnes David J. S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFreshwater sponges are important to ecosystem functioning; however, information about their biogeography and interspecific variation is fragmentary, limiting our ability to assess their role. Although the specific epithets of two common species suggest that sponges found in lentic habitats are Spongilla lacustris, and those found in lotic habitats are Ephydatia fluviatilis, the number of sponge species in the UK is unresolved. We sampled sponges in a variety of habitats and used both morphological and molecular (D3 domain of 28S rDNA) methods to identify six species, including the first record of Trochospongilla horrida. We contrasted species in terms of their environmental tolerances, habitats, and variation, and we expanded on the limited information available about the geographic distributions of these sponges. In our study, most sponge species colonized a variety of substrates, but exhibited different distributions. The most widespread sponge, S. lacustris, was present at lower mean water temperatures and was more often located above a latitude of 55°N. Ephydatia fluviatilis was the most common species in rivers, but was also located in lentic habitats. Salinity in anthropogenic habitats was not a significant factor for the presence of E. fluviatilis or the more patchily distributed species Eunapius fragilis. Instead, these species occurred more frequently at sites with negative oxidation–reduction potential. Sponge biodiversity may be affected by substrate availability in anthropogenic habitats, invasive species, and improved ability to recognize sponge taxa. Crucially, we provide foundation data as a prerequisite for future ecological evaluation.
Synthesis and up‐conversion of Er3+ and Yb3+ Co‐doped LiY(MoO4)2@SiO2 for optical thermometry applications
Authors: Feng Xiaohui , Wang Le , Wei Ran , Wang Ziyan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNon‐contact temperature sensors based on the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) have been widely investigated owing to their high sensitivity and reliable real‐time monitoring. Herein, the SiO2‐coated LiY(MoO4)2@SiO2:Er3+,Yb3+ phosphor was investigated as an optical thermometry material, which was synthesized using the conventional solid state reaction and coated by a facile wet chemical route. The effect of surface modification on FIR was systematically characterized by structural analyses and spectral measurements and the temperature‐dependent up‐conversion FIR was investigated from 303 to 603 K under a 980 nm laser excitation. The results showed that the FIR value was thermally stable and the SiO2 coating led to a higher FIR sensitivity as well as a higher saturation threshold. This work would pave a way to design interesting optical thermometry materials in up‐conversion phosphors with better properties.
Insights into the direct formation of [Ca24Al28O64]4+(4e−) and its electrical characterization
Authors: Li Fan , Zhang Xin , Liu Hongliang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractC12A7:e−electrides are potentially useful in various technological applications. However, it usually needs to be synthesized through a complicated multistep process under severe conditions. Therefore, the search is on for a more facile and direct process that occurs under milder conditions. Here, a facile and efficient synthesis strategy has been developed for the rapid production of highly conductive C12A7:e−directly from commercially available chemical ingredients of CaO, Al2O3, and Al powders at 1200°C in a 10−2 Pa vacuum for 20 minutes using SPS process. The electron concentration in the as‐prepared C12A7:e−was enhanced up to 2.13 × 1021 cm−3by simply regulating the addition amounts of Al, covering IM transition. The electronic structure results indicated the formation of homogeneous trapped electrons in the lattice. Further thermal analyses illustrated that Al made a dual function of reducing agent and and reaction promoter, which remarkably reduced the formation temperature of mayenite structure. This study fills in the gaps of direct formation mechanisms of conductive mayenite phase, and provides a new perspective to regulate the resultantNe.
Inclusive management for social entrepreneurs with intellectual disabilities: “how they act”
Authors: Caldwell Kate , Parker Harris Sarah , Renko Maija 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocial entrepreneurship is a growing trend that reflects a shift in contemporary policy towards entrepreneurship and self‐employment as viable employment option for people with disabilities. Entrepreneurship is intended to promote autonomy and reduce dependence on entitlement‐based services as well as reduce employment disparities while stimulating business and job creation.However, it is not well understood what exactly this means for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) involved in social entrepreneurial ventures.MethodsDyadic interviews were conducted with people with ID participating in social entrepreneurship (n = 7) as well as with the person they identified as instrumental in providing support (n = 7). Interviews focused on understanding the management processes used by people with ID, or “how they act” in negotiating between formal and informal systems of services and supports and barriers encountered.ResultsThemes that emerged include the main barriers they experienced, how their businesses are organized; and the use of formal and informal services and supports.ConclusionsThis research expands upon our understanding of social entrepreneurship and the management processes involved in customized employment for people with ID. It offers new insights and information for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to inform the expectations we set for entrepreneurship as a sustainable employment option, from the perspective of social entrepreneurs with ID themselves.