bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase‐2 and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guan Pei-Pei , Wang Pu 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTElevated levels of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the gaps in our knowledge of the roles of COX‐2 and PGs in AD have not been filled. Here, we summarized the literature showing that COX‐2 dysregulation obviously influences abnormal cleavage of β‐amyloid precursor protein, aggregation and deposition of Aβ in β‐amyloid plaques and the inclusion of phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic plasticity, neurotoxicity, autophagy, and apoptosis have been assessed to elucidate the mechanisms of COX‐2 regulation of AD. Notably, an imbalance of these factors ultimately produces cognitive decline. The current review substantiates our understanding of the mechanisms of COX‐2–induced AD and establishes foundations for the design of feasible therapeutic strategies to treat AD.—Guan, P.‐P., Wang, P. Integrated communications between cyclooxygenase‐2 and Alzheimer's disease. FASEB J. 33, 13–33 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Differential functional selectivity and downstream signaling bias of ghrelin receptor antagonists and inverse agonists
Authors: Ramirez Valerie T. , Van Oeffelen Wesley E. P. A. , Torres-Fuentes Cristina , Chruścicka Barbara , Druelle Clementine , Golubeva Anna V. , Van De Wouw Marcel , Dinan Timothy G. , Cryan John F. , Schellekens Harriët 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe ghrelin receptor [growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR)‐1a] represents a promising pharmacologic target for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including obesity and cachexia, via central appetite modulation. The GHSR‐1a has a complex pharmacology, highlighted by G‐protein–dependent and—independent downstream signaling pathways and high basal constitutive activity. The functional selectivity and signaling bias of many GHSR‐1a–specific ligands has not been fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the pharmacologic properties of ghrelin, MK‐0677, L692,585, and [d‐Lys3]‐growth hormone–releasing peptide‐6 (Dlys), JMV2959, and [d‐Arg(1),d‐Phe(5),d‐Trp(7, 9), Leu(11)]‐substance P (SP‐analog). We investigated their effect on basal GHSR‐1a constitutive signaling, ligand‐directed downstream GHSR‐1a signaling, functional selectivity, and signaling bias. Dlys behaved as a partial antagonist with a strong bias toward GHSR‐1a–β‐arrestin signaling, whereas JMV2959 acted as a full unbiased GHSR‐1a antagonist. Moreover, the SP‐analog behaved as an inverse agonist increasing G‐protein–dependent signaling, but only at high concentrations, whereas, at low concentrations, the SP‐analog attenuated β‐arrestin–dependent signaling. Considering the limited success in the clinical development of GHSR‐1a–targeted drugs so far, these findings provide a novel insight into the pharmacologic characteristics of GHSR‐1a ligands and their signaling bias, which has important implications in the design of novel, more selective GHSR‐1a ligands with predictable functional outcome and selectivity for preclinical and clinical drug development.—Ramirez, V. T., van Oeffelen, W. E. P. A., Torres‐Fuentes, C., Chruścicka, B., Druelle, C., Golubeva, A. V., van de Wouw, M., Dinan, T. G., Cryan, J. F., Schellekens, H. Differential functional selectivity and downstream signaling bias of ghrelin receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. FASEB J. 33, 518–531 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enhances the metabolic rate and increases glucose utilization in response to thyroid hormone
Authors: Kuefner Michael S. , Deng Xiong , Stephenson Erin J. , Pham Kevin , Park Edwards A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSecretory phospholipase A2 group IIA (PLA2G2A) is a phospholipase which has a role in inflammation, atherogenesis, and host defense. Previously, we found that PLA2G2A protects mice on high‐fat diets from weight gain and insulin resistance. Here, we examined the regulation of PLA2G2A and the metabolic changes that occur in response to variations in thyroid status. In particular, the impact of PLA2G2A on the brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic gene expression was explored. We induced hypothyroidism in C57BL/6 and PLA2G2A‐overexpressing (IIA+) mice over a 10 wk period or treated them with thyroid hormone (T3) for 5 wk. There were no significant changes in PLA2G2A abundance in response to thyroid status. The energy expenditure of hypothyroid IIA+ mice did not increase; however, the energy expenditure, substrate utilization, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance were all elevated in the IIA+ mice given T3. Moreover, white adipocytes from IIA+ mice were much more prone to “beiging,” including increased expression of brown adipose thermogenic markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain containing 16, and early B cell factor 2. Finally, the BAT of IIA+ mice had increased UCP1 and other proteins indicative of mitochondrial uncoupling and nonshivering adaptive thermogenesis. These data reveal a novel role for PLA2G2A on adipose tissue thermogenesis depending on thyroid status.—Kuefner, M. S., Deng, X., Stephenson, E. J., Pham, K., Park, E. A. Secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enhances the metabolic rate and increases glucose utilization in response to thyroid hormone. FASEB J. 33, 738–749 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice
Authors: Jeon Hye-Yoon , Lee Yeon-Ju , Kim You-Sun , Kim Soo-Youl , Han Eun-Taek , Park Won Sun , Hong Seok-Ho , Kim Young-Myeong , Ha Kwon-Soo 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTC‐peptide has a beneficial effect against diabetic complications, but its role in hyperglycemia‐induced metastasis is unknown. We investigated hyperglycemia‐mediated pulmonary vascular leakage and metastasis and C‐peptide inhibition of these molecular events using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. VEGF, which is elevated in the lungs of diabetic mice, activated transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) in HPMVECs by sequential elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGF also induced vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin disruption and increased the permeability of endothelial cells, both of which were prevented by the TGase inhibitors monodansylcadaverine and cystamine or TGM2‐specific small interfering RNA. C‐peptide prevented VEGF‐induced VE‐cadherin disruption and endothelial cell permeability through inhibiting ROS‐mediated activation of TGase2. C‐peptide supplementation inhibited hyperglycemia‐induced ROS generation and TGase2 activation and prevented vascular leakage and metastasis in the lungs of diabetic mice. The role of TGase2 in hyperglycemia‐induced pulmonary vascular leakage and metastasis was further demonstrated in diabetic Tgm2−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that hyperglycemia induces metastasis, and C‐peptide prevents the hyperglycemia‐induced metastasis in the lungs of diabetic mice by inhibiting VEGF‐induced TGase2 activation and subsequent vascular leakage.—Jeon, H.‐Y., Lee, Y.‐J., Kim, Y.‐S., Kim, S.‐Y., Han, E.‐T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.‐H., Kim, Y.‐M., Ha, K.‐S. Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. FASEB J. 33, 750–762 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Evaluation of liver steatosis, measured by controlled attenuation parameter, in patients with hepatitis C-induced advanced liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Abdelaziz Ashraf O. , Shousha Hend I. , Said Ebada M. , Soliman Zeinab A. , Shehata Ahmed A. , Nabil Mohamed M. , Abdelmaksoud Ahmed H. , Elbaz Tamer M. , Abdelsalam Fatma M. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction
Steatosis is a documented feature of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). There is an association between steatosis decrease and fibrosis progression. The association between steatosis and advanced fibrosis versus hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development has not been precisely evaluated. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was applied as an immediate and efficient process to detect and quantify hepatic steatosis with adequate accuracy.

Aims
The aim of this study was to assess the difference in liver steatosis between patients with hepatitis C virus-related advanced hepatic fibrosis versus HCC.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study included 130 patients with HCC, attending the multidisciplinary HCC clinic, Cairo University, and 54 patients with CHC between October 2015 and June 2016. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were recorded. Liver stiffness and CAP were obtained by using the FibroScan 502, touch.

Results
All included patients had genotype 4. The mean CAP value was significantly lower in HCC (209.5±57.1 dB/m) versus CHC (259.9±54.9 dB/m). Receiver operating characteristic curve revealed an area under the curve of 0.75 for the differentiation between groups. At a cutoff value of 237 dB/m, sensitivity was 72.3%, specificity was 70.7%, positive likelihood ratio was 2.5, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.4 in the differentiation between CHC versus HCC. Logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 6.4 for the diagnosis of HCC with CAP of less than 237 dB/m. Multivariate analysis, controlling for age, sex, BMI, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, revealed a significantly increased odds for HCC diagnosis (odds ratio: 4.3, P=0.006).

Conclusion
The progression of CHC is associated with a decrease in steatosis, particularly toward advanced fibrosis and HCC. Steatosis reduction less than 237 dB/m is likely to be associated with HCC.
Effects of Video Games–Based Task-Oriented Activity Training (Xbox 360 Kinect) on Activity Performance and Participation in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Arman Nilay , Tarakci Ela , Tarakci Devrim , Kasapcopur Ozgur 
Published: July 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of two different task-oriented activity training programs on activity performance and participation in children/adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Design
Sixty-two patients were randomized into group I and group II for task-oriented activity training. In group I, activities of daily living were practiced using real materials from daily life, and in group II, activities of daily living were practiced using video-based games (Xbox 360 Kinect) for 3 d/wk for 8 wks. Pain by the Numeric Rating Scale, upper limb muscle, grip, and pinch strengths by a dynamometer, activity performance and participation by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and Duruoz Hand Index were evaluated.

Results
After treatment in both groups, significant changes were found in the Numeric Rating Scale, muscle strength, grips strength, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and Duruoz Hand Index (P < 0.05). Group II was statistically superior to group I in changes of almost all upper limb muscle strengths, palmar pinch strength, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure satisfaction, and Duruoz Hand Index scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Video games–based task-oriented activity training is an alternative and feasible treatment for children/adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. This new method may have widespread applicability in future research, given the rapidly growing interest in virtual reality–based therapy in rehabilitation.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Understand the rehabilitation benefits of task–oriented activity in patients with neurologic and musculoskeletal conditions; (2) Appreciate the role of video games-based task oriented activity in rehabilitation; and (3) Appropriately incorporate video games-based task oriented activity in the rehabilitation program of individuals with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
The Application of Parametric Micro-Flow Imaging in the Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Huang Shijia , Liang Ping , Yu Xiaoling , Wang Zhanbo , Cheng Zhigang , Han Zhiyu , Yu Jie , Liu Fangyi , Zhang Min , Zhang Dezhi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the application of parametric micro-flow imaging in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. From March 2013 to February 2014, 117 participants were recruited in this research prospectively, which includes 97 patients (who have been infected with hepatitis B virus or/and hepatitis C virus and have undergone liver biopsy) and 20 healthy volunteers. Contrast agent was injected as a bolus via the antecubital vein for the participants. Dynamic images of intercostal liver were collected and then divided into 30-second (30s) group and 10-second (10s) group. Color coding and quantitative analysis were performed, and related parameters were obtained and analyzed with the stage of liver fibrosis. The comparison of parameters between the stages of liver fibrosis was that the value of 30s slope reduced and the value of 10s slope increased with the increasing fibrosis stages. The value of 30s ratio at 5 seconds and 10s ratio at 5 seconds both increased with the increasing fibrosis stages. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained to evaluate the cutoff values and diagnosibility of parameters to predict F2 and higher or F3 and higher of fibrosis stages. The results show that parametric micro-flow imaging has potential value of guiding antiviral therapy for patients with viral hepatitis and evaluating the degree of improvement in liver fibrosis.
The High-Frequency Ultrasound Detection of Rat Sciatic Nerve in a Crushed Injury Model
Authors: Ni Xue-Jun , Wang Xiao-Dong , Zhao Ya-Hong , Qiu Jia-Ying , Chen Ying , Wang Yi , Chang Jing-Jian 
Published: July 2018

Objective
This study aimed to visualize sciatic nerve injury in rats using ultrasound imaging in a crushed injury model.

Methods
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a left sciatic nerve crush operation. Then, high-frequency ultrasound was used to image both sciatic nerves at 2 days and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery.

Results
Normal uninjured nerves have uniform thickness, display a smooth epineurium and inner adventitia, and are oblong in transverse sections. After the crush operation, nerve thickness increased, the inner echo signal decreased, the image of the epineurium became obscured and coarse before becoming smooth again, and transverse sections of the nerve fibers changed from being semicircular to oval in shape before becoming elliptical again. These observations were consistent with pathological changes associated with nerve injury.

Conclusions
High-frequency ultrasound is capable of capturing dynamic changes in rat sciatic nerves in a crushed injury model. This can be used as an auxiliary method of evaluation in traditional peripheral nerve injury experiments.
Carotid Ultrasound Examinations
Authors: Naidich James B. , Weiss Amanda , Grimaldi Gregory M. , Kohn Nina , Naidich Jason J. , Pellerito John S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate the clinical indications for carotid duplex ultrasonography and determine for each indication how often carotid artery disease was identified.
We retrospectively reviewed the consecutive reports for 3191 carotid ultrasound examinations. We tracked 14 indications to determine how often examinations were requested for each indication and correlated each indication with the finding of carotid artery disease.
We found 26.5% of all examinations were abnormal; 17.5% of patients showed internal carotid artery disease; 10.9%, a moderate stenosis; 5.2%, a severe stenosis; and 1.4%, a total occlusion. For each of the 14 individual indications, with 1 exception, carotid ultrasound examination showed a 19.7% or greater chance of an abnormal result and an 11.6% or greater chance of finding a flow-limiting stenosis of an internal carotid artery.
Our results validate the collaborative position of the American College of Radiology, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Society for Pediatric Radiology, and the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound that, overall and for almost all indications they enumerate, carotid ultrasound examinations are a proven and useful procedure for evaluating extracranial carotid artery disease.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of Spermatic Cord and Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma
Authors: Naser-Tavakolian Aurash , Gulati Mittul , Duddalwar Vinay , Chopra Shefali , Aron Manju , Djaladat Hooman 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Liposarcoma is the most common paratesticular scrotal malignancy. Ultrasound is the conventional imaging modality for evaluating scrotal masses. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) can provide complementary information by identifying distinct enhancement patterns. We present CEUS findings of 2 concurrent soft tissue masses in 1 patient: a spermatic cord well-differentiated liposarcoma and a retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma. We review the Doppler ultrasound, computed tomography, and histopathologic appearances of low- versus high-grade liposarcomas in addition to the utility of CEUS with quantitative analysis in potentially grading liposarcomas.
New sporopollenin-based β-cyclodextrin functionalized magnetic hybrid adsorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from water samples
Authors: Syed Yaacob Syed Fariq Fathullah , Kamboh Muhammad Afzal , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Mohamad Sharifah 
Published: July 2018

A magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) procedure on the newly synthesized magnetic β-cyclodextrin functionalized with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker and further modified with bio-polymeric spores of sporopollenin (MSp-TDI-βCD), was developed for the extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely, indoprofen (INP), ketoprofen (KTP), ibuprofen (IBP) and fenoprofen (FNP) from water samples prior to their HPLC-DAD determination. The newly synthesized MSp-TDI-βCD was comprehensibly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, BET and VSM analyses. The separation of selected NSAIDs on MSp-TDI-βCD from aqueous solution was simply achieved by applying an external magnetic field via a permanent magnet. The MSPE parameters affecting extraction performance, i.e. sorbent dosage, sample volume, extraction and desorption time, type of organic eluent and volume and solution pH were investigated and optimized. The proposed method showed linear range between 0.5 and 500 ng ml
−1
, low limit of detection at S/N = 3 (0.16–0.37 ng ml
−1
) and limit of quantification at S/N = 10 (0.53–1.22 ng ml
−1
). The inter-day (
n =
15) and intra-day (
n =
5) precision for the proposed methods given by relative standard deviation (RSD%) was in the range of 2.5–4.0 and 2.1–5.5, respectively. The extraction recoveries of NSAIDs from environmental samples (tap, drinking and river water) ranged from 92.5% to 123.6%, with satisfactory precision (RSD% less than 12.4%).
gpps: An ILP-based approach for inferring cancer progression with mutation losses from single cell data
Authors: Ciccolella Simone , Gomez Mauricio Soto , Patterson Murray , Vedova Gianluca Della , Hajirasouliha Iman , Bonizzoni Paola 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMotivationIn recent years, the well-known Infinite Sites Assumption (ISA) has been a fundamental feature of computational methods devised for reconstructing tumor phylogenies and inferring cancer progression where mutations are accumulated through histories. However, some recent studies leveraging Single Cell Sequencing (SCS) techniques have shown evidence of mutation losses in several tumor samples [19], making the inference problem harder.ResultsWe present a new tool,gpps, that reconstructs a tumor phylogeny from single cell data, allowing each mutation to be lost at most a fixed number of times.AvailabilityThe General Parsimony Phylogeny from Single cell (gpps) tool is open source and available athttps://github.com/AlgoLab/gppf.
Classification of electrophysiological and morphological types in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Gouwens Nathan W. , Sorensen Staci A. , Berg Jim , Lee Changkyu , Jarsky Tim , Ting Jonathan , Sunkin Susan M. , Feng David , Anastassiou Costas , Barkan Eliza , Bickley Kris , Blesie Nicole , Braun Thomas , Brouner Krissy , Budzillo Agata , Caldejon Shiella , Casper Tamara , Casteli Dan , Chong Peter , Crichton Kirsten , Cuhaciyan Christine , Tanya L. Daigle , Dalley Rachel , Dee Nick , Desta Tsega , Dingman Samuel , Doperalski Alyse , Dotson Nadezhda , Egdorf Tom , Fisher Michael , de Frates Rebecca A. , Garren Emma , Garwood Marissa , Gary Amanda , Gaudreault Nathalie , Godfrey Keith , Gorham Melissa , Gu Hong , Habel Caroline , Hadley Kristen , Harrington James , Harris Julie , Henry Alex , Hill DiJon , Josephsen Sam , Kebede Sara , Kim Lisa , Kroll Matthew , Lee Brian , Lemon Tracy , Liu Xiaoxiao , Long Brian , Mann Rusty , McGraw Medea , Mihalas Stefan , Mukora Alice , Murphy Gabe J. , Ng Lindsay , Ngo Kiet , Nguyen Thuc Nghi , Nicovich Philip R. , Oldre Aaron , Park Daniel , Parry Sheana , Perkins Jed , Potekhina Lydia , Reid David , Robertson Miranda , Sandman David , Schroedter Martin , Slaughterbeck Cliff , Soler-Llavina Gilberto , Sulc Josef , Szafer Aaron , Tasic Bosiljka , Taskin Naz , Teeter Corinne , Thatra Nivretta , Tung Herman , Wakeman Wayne , Williams Grace , Young Rob , Zhou Zhi , Farrell Colin , Peng Hanchuan , Hawrylycz Michael J. , Lein Ed , Ng Lydia , Arkhipov Anton , Bernard Amy , Phillips John W. , Zeng Hongkui , Koch Christof 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the diversity of cell types in the brain has been an enduring challenge and requires detailed characterization of individual neurons in multiple dimensions. To profile morpho-electric properties of mammalian neurons systematically, we established a single cell characterization pipeline using standardized patch clamp recordings in brain slices and biocytin-based neuronal reconstructions. We built a publicly-accessible online database, the Allen Cell Types Database, to display these data sets. Intrinsic physiological and morphological properties were measured from over 1,800 neurons from the adult laboratory mouse visual cortex. Quantitative features were used to classify neurons into distinct types using unsupervised methods. We establish a taxonomy of morphologically- and electrophysiologically-defined cell types for this region of cortex with 17 e-types and 35 m-types, as well as an initial correspondence with previously-defined transcriptomic cell types using the same transgenic mouse lines.