bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of the occurrence of small vessel disease in China
Authors: Si Junzeng , li kuibao , shan peiyan , Yuan Junliang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: The exact relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels and small vessel disease (SVD) are not clear in China. The aim of this study was to determine such association between 25(OH) D and SVD in China.
Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 106 patients with SVD and 115 controls between Jan 2017 and Dec 2017. All the subjects were categorized into three subgroups according to the level of 25(OH) D: vitamin D deficiency (<12 ng/ml), insufficiency (12-20 ng/ml) and sufficiency (>20 ng/ml).
Results: Among 106 SVD patients, 80 (75.5%) were men and the mean age was 61.6±13.2 years. The deficiency of 25(OH) D was observed in 76 (71.7%) of SVD patients and 47 (40.9%) of controls (P=0.001). Compared with controls, patients with SVD were more likely to be male, a stroke history, smokers, with hyperlipidemia, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein, and lower of 25(OH)D level (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed the level of 25(OH)D as an independent predictor of SVD (OR 0.772, 95% CI 0.691-0.862, P=0.001). Compared with the sufficient 25(OH)D group, the ORs of SVD in deficient and insufficient 25(OH)D group were 5.609 (95% CI 2.006-15.683) and 1.077 (95% CI: 0.338-3.428) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. In hypertensives with vitamin D deficient and insufficient group compared with sufficient group, the ORs of SVD increased to 9.738 (95% CI 2.398-39.540) and 1.108 (95% CI 0.232-5.280), respectively (Pinteraction=0.001).
Conclusion: We found significant associations between SVD and 25(OH)D deficiency. The combined presence of hypertension and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of developing SVD. Our findings will warrant further prospective studies in the future.
High Triglyceride/HDL Cholesterol Ratio is Associated with Silent Brain Infarcts in a Healthy Population
Authors: Author) Ki-Woong Nam(Former Corresponding , Author) Hyung-Min Kwon(New Corresponding , Jeong Han-Yeong , Park Jin-Ho , Kwon Hyuktae , Jeong Su-Min 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio is a marker of small/dense low-density lipoprotein particles, which are closely associated with various metabolic and vascular diseases. However, the role of TG/HDL cholesterol ratio in cerebrovascular diseases has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between TG/HDL cholesterol ratio and the presence of silent brain infarct (SBI) in a neurologically healthy population. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive participants in health check-ups between January 2006 and December 2013. SBI was defined as an asymptomatic, well-defined lesion with a diameter of ≥ 3 mm on T1- or T2-weighted images. TG/HDL cholesterol ratio was calculated after dividing absolute TG levels by absolute HDL cholesterol levels. Results: Of 3,172 healthy participants, 263 (8.3%) had SBI lesions. In multivariate analysis, TG/HDL cholesterol ratio was independently associated with SBI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.34, P = 0.047). This association was prominent in males (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.48, P = 0.021), but not in females. In the analyses of the relationships between lipid parameters and SBI lesion burden, TG/HDL cholesterol ratio was positively correlated, and total cholesterol/TG ratio was negatively correlated with SBI lesion burden, in dose-response manners (P for trend = 0.015 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: The TG/HDL cholesterol ratio was positively associated with the prevalence of SBI in a neurologically healthy population.
Highly reproducible human brain organoids recapitulate cerebral cortex cellular diversity.
Authors: Velasco Silvia , Paulsen Bruna , Arlotta Paola 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Human brain organoids hold an unprecedented opportunity to observe, perturb, and study the early stages of human cortical development. Several protocols to generate brain organoids have been described in recent years[1, 2]. However, incomplete characterization and lack of organoid-to-organoid reproducibility has limited their application as an experimental model[3]. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the generation of human dorsal forebrain organoids that show highly reproducible generation of the rich diversity of cell types present in the developing human cerebral cortex. This protocol is a modification of a previous method described by Kadoshima et al.[4]. We also include a detailed description of the protocol used to dissociate organoids into single cells for single-cell RNA-sequencing.
Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis reveals regulatory network of yam tuber expansion
Authors: Zhou Yun-Yi , Luo Shuzhen , Hameed Saba , Xiao Dong , Zhan Jie , Wang Aiqing , He Longfei 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Yam tuber is a storage organ, derived from modified stem. Tuber expansion is a complex process, it depends on the expression of genes that can be influenced by environmental and endogenous factors. However, little is known about the mechanism that regulates tuber expansion. In order to identify genes and miRNAs involved in tuber enlargement, we examined the transcriptome and small RNA in yam tuber during its initiation and expansion stages.
A total of 14238 differentially expressed transcripts in yam tuber at its expansion stage were identified by using transcriptome technology. Among them, 5723 genes were up-regulated and 8515 genes were down-regulated, respectively. Functional analysis revealed the coordination of tuber plant involved in processes of cell events, metabolism, biosynthesis, and signal transduction pathways at transcriptional level, suggesting that these DEGs are somehow involved in response of tuber expansion. In addition, 536 transcription factor genes showed differential expression during the expansion stage at transcriptional level. REVEILLE 6-like was identified to be up-regulated in the circadian rhythm pathway. REVEILLE 6-like LHY protein, zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 14, and DELLA genes were up-regulated in expansion stage. Moreover, these genes were involved in circadian rhythm pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and GA pathway by KEGG analysis respectively. Noteworthy, data analysis revealed that 23 known tuber miRNAs belong to 11 miRNA families, and 50 novel miRNAs were identified. miRNA160, miRNA396, and miRNA535 may be involved in complex network to regulate cell division and differentiation in yam during its expansion stage.
The integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA identified to be preferentially expressed in hormone signaling in expansion stage, miRNA160 was down-regulated in expansion stage, ARF18 and ARF17 were up-regulated in auxin signal transduction of tuber expansion in yam, highlighting the involvement of miRNA-mRNA in the regulation the hormone.
The transcriptome and miRNA datasets presented here identified a subset of candidate genes and miRNAs that are putatively associated with tuber expansion in yam, thus a hypothetical model of genetic regulatory network associated with tuber expansion in yam was put forward, which may provide a foundation for molecular regulatory mechanism researching on tuber expansion in Dioscorea species.
Proteomics Insight into Imbalanced Down-Regulation of Photosynthetic Components during Blueberry Fruit Maturation
Authors: Li Xiaobai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Blueberries are admired for both their delicious flavor and extensive health benefits. In blueberry, fruit photosynthesis provides a large part of the carbon requirements, and is associated with fruit quality. To explore mechanism underlying fruit photosynthesis, photosynthetic ability was determined at three maturation phases (green, pink, and blue) by CO2 gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence, and proteomics was conducted by MS/MS shortgun and PRM strategies.
Results: The fruit photosynthetic ability gradually decreased as fruit maturation. The gross photosynthesis rate in green fruit accounted for 26.36% of that in the leaf, followed by 16.73% in pink fruit, and 9.11% in blue fruit. Fv/Fm (0.76) was observed in green fruit, comparable to that in leaves (0.78), and followed by 0.66 in pink fruit (no data was generated for blue fruit). Degeneration of fruit photosynthesis was started with imbalances within down-regulation of PS core/LHC, and PSI/PSII. In green/pink, PS core proteins were more down-regulated than LHC proteins. A decreasing ratio of PSII core/LHCII was reflected in the decreasing ratios of Chl a/b and carotenoids/Chl. KEGG analyses also indicated that the down-regulated LHC proteins were enriched in pink/blue, but not in green/pink. In green/pink, PSII was more down-regulated than PSI, while in blue/pink, PSI was more down-regulated than PSII. GO also suggested that down-regulated PSII proteins were enriched in green/pink, whereas down-regulated PSI proteins were enriched in pink/blue. Moreover, down-regulation of FNR and ATP synthase resulted in a decreasing yield of NADPH and ATP, while the down-regulation of both RuBisCO and RCA severely hindered Calvin cycle, and thereby led to a decreased efficiency of carbon fixation.
Conclusions: Dynamic imbalances in degeneration of photosynthetic components occured during fruit maturation; this may be related to physiological attributes e.g. carbon contribution and attractiveness to frugivores.
Finite element method analysis of occlusal splint therapy in patients with bruxism
Authors: Gholampour Seifollah , Shariati Azadeh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Bruxism is the most important risk factor for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Methods: Three-dimensional models of maxilla and mandible and teeth of 37 patients and 36 normal subjects were made using in-vivo image data. The maximum values of stress and deformation were calculated in 21 patients six months after using splint and compared with the initial conditions. Results: The maximum stresses in jaw bone and head of mandible in patients were 4.4 and 4.1 times higher than those in normal subjects, respectively. Similar values for deformation were 5.8 and 4.9, respectively. Six months after splint application, the maximum stress in the jaw bone and head of mandible decreased by up to 71.0% and 72.8%, respectively. Similar values for the maximum deformation were 80.7% and 78.7%, respectively. With occlusal splint therapy, the approximation of the maximum deformation to the relevant values in normal subjects was about 2.6 times the approximation of maximum stress to the relevant values in normal subjects. The maximum stress and maximum deformation occurred in all cases in the head of the mandible and the splint had the highest effectiveness in jaw bone adjacent to the molar teeth. Conclusions: Splint acts as a stress relaxer and dissipates the extra generated stresses and especially the deformation and deviations of TMJ due to bruxism. The splint also makes the bilateral and simultaneous loading possible and helps with the treatment of this disorder through regulation of bruxism by creating a biomechanical equilibrium between the physiological loading and the generated stress.
Larva of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a suitable alternative host for the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis
Authors: Djainal Winarti Achmad Sarmin , Shahin Khalid , Adams Alexandra , Desbois Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno) is the etiological agent of francisellosis in cultured warm water fish, such as tilapia. Antibiotics are administered to treat the disease but a better understanding of Fno infection biology will inform improved treatment and prevention measures. However, studies with native hosts are costly and considerable benefits would derive from access to a practical alternative host. Here, larvae of Galleria mellonella were assessed for suitability to study Fno virulence.

Results

Larvae were killed by Fno in a dose-dependent manner but the insects could be rescued from lethal doses of bacteria by antibiotic therapy. Infection progression was assessed by histopathology (haematoxylin and eosin staining, Gram Twort and immunohistochemistry) and enumeration of bacteria recovered from the larval haemolymph on selective agar. Fno was phagocytosed and could survive intracellularly, which is consistent with observations in fish. Virulence of five Fno isolates showed strong agreement between G. mellonella and red Nile tilapia hosts.

Conclusions

This study shows that an alternative host, G. mellonella, can be applied to understand Fno infections, which will assist efforts to identify solutions to piscine francisellosis thus securing the livelihoods of tilapia farmers worldwide and ensuring the production of this important food source.
Evaluation of Planter Errors Associated with Twin‐Row Soybean Production in Mississippi
Authors: Smith Richard M. , Kaur Gurpreet , Orlowski John M. , Mahaffey Jay , Edwards C. Blake , Singh Gurbir , Irby Trent , Krutz L. Jason , Falconer Larry , Cook Donald R. , Chastain Daryl 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
The number of planter errors is associated with twin‐row planters.Whole planter error reduced soybean yield compared with None on both soil textures.Single and separate planter error did not reduce yield.Replanting a soybean crop for any planter error is not economically beneficial.
Twin‐row planting of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has become a popular practice in Mississippi and in much of the midsouthern United States. With the use of twin‐row planters, there is the potential for a number of planter errors. However, there is little information on the effect of twin‐row planter errors on soybean growth, seed yield, and replant decisions. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Mississippi to evaluate the effects of planter errors for four soybean varieties of different relative maturity groups (4.2, 4.7, 4.9, and 5.4) on soybean seed yield, canopy closure, and replant decisions for two soil textures (clay and sandy loam) commonly used for soybean production in Mississippi. Four planter errors associated with the twin‐row planting system included a control (None) consisting of the full intended stand with two normal twin rows within a bed, one single row from a twin‐row pair missing (Single), one row of a twin row pair missing in two adjacent rows (Separate), and both twin rows within a row missing (Whole). Whole planter error reduced soybean yield compared with None by 11 and 12% on clay and sandy loam soils, respectively. However, Single and Separate planter error did not reduce yield compared with None. Results indicate that it would not be economically beneficial to replant a soybean crop for any planter error at current soybean prices.
Evaluating Selection Methods for Carthamus Interspecific Crosses under Different Water Conditions
Authors: Shafiei‐Koij Fariba , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Saeidi Ghodratollah , Eskini Sajad 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Wild relatives of safflower are suitable source of genes for improvement of cultivated species.Single plant selection is simple and results in genetic gain in safflower interspecific hybridization under both water stress and non‐stress conditions.Indirect selection is more efficient than direct selection for tolerance to water limited conditions in safflower interspecific crosses.
Wild relatives of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) are a potential source of favorable genes for its further improvement through interspecific crosses. Therefore, two wild safflower species (C. palaestinus and C. oxyacanthus) were crossed with the cultivated counterpart in 2011. Three interspecific population progenies including C. palaestinus × C. tinctorius (PT), C. tinctorius × C. oxyacanthus (TO), and C. oxyacanthus × C. palaestinus (OP) were developed. Three selection methods including single plant selection (SPS), modified selected bulk (MSB) and modified bulk (MB) were applied at F3 generation in 2013. Selected lines were evaluated in F4 and F5 generations under water stress and non‐stress conditions during 2014 and 2015. The SPS and MSB methods resulted in higher genetic gain compared to MB under both moisture conditions. Even though, SPS and MSB were equally efficient in selecting better genotypes. SPS was much easier, less laborious, faster and cost‐effective method than MSB. A high percentage of agreement was observed between visual selection and selection based on actual yield only for SPS method by evaluating 2920 single plants. Capitulum diameter (CD) was a good criterion for visual selection of superior genotypes in the field condition under both moisture environments. The PT and TO lines that were produced by SPS and MSB methods showed slightly higher values for most measured traits when compared to the lines which were produced by MB selection method. The SPS‐derived lines were slightly earlier on maturity compared to the lines resulted from other selection methods.
KNMAIZE–A Model to Investigate the Dynamics of Kernel Set in Maize
Authors: Egli Dennis B. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
The dynamics of kernel set in maize was modeled at the individual kernel level.Kernels survived when enough assimilate was available to meet their needs.The model captures the dynamics of ear size, plant growth rate, and kernel growth.
The adjustment of kernels plant−1 to the assimilate supply is an important component of the yield production process in maize (Zea mays L.). A simulation model (KNMAIZE) was developed to better understand this process at the individual kernel level. Kernel survival was determined by comparing the assimilate supply (calculated from solar radiation) partitioned to reproductive growth during the initial stages of kernel development with the kernel assimilate requirement (based on published kernel growth curves) on a daily basis. When model parameters were optimized by maintaining the ratio of the sink (total kernel growth rate) and the source (total assimilate supply) equal to 1.0 during the linear phase of kernel growth, the model accurately mimicked the effect of plant growth rate, individual kernel growth rate, and ear size on kernels plant−1. The model also mimicked the plant density‐kernels m−2 relationship. Short‐term (3 or 5 d) variation in plant growth rate influenced kernels plant−1 11 to 15 d after the beginning of kernel growth. Modeling kernel number at the individual kernel level makes it possible to capture important aspects of the dynamics of kernel set that will lead to better predictions of kernel number and a clearer understanding of the elements of maize productivity in the field.
Effect of Subsurface Drainage Spacing and Depth on Crop Yield
Authors: Acharya Umesh , Chatterjee Amitava , Daigh Aaron Lee M. 
Published: June 2019

Core Ideas
Subsurface drainage spacing affected corn and soybean production.Narrower subsurface drainage spacing removes excess water from the soil profile in the wettest year.Subsurface drainage depth does not affect corn and soybean production in a Fargo clay soil.
Drainage design recommendations for the poorly‐drained, frigid clay soils continue to evolve in the Red River Valley of the North (RRVN). The objective of this 3‐yr (2015–2017) study was to evaluate subsurface drainage spacing (9, 12, and 15 m) and depth (0.9 and 1.2 m) on corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris L.) yield and residual soil nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3–N) contents. Subsurface drain spacing had mixed effects on crop yield. For instance, drain spacing significantly affected corn, soybean, and sugarbeet yield in some, but not all of the 3 yr. The highest corn yield was observed under 9 m spacing and lowest with 15 m spacing for 3‐yr average and 2015 (the wettest year). However, wider spacing (15 m) recorded the highest corn yield during 2017 (the driest year). Similarly, sugarbeet yield was highest with the 15 m subsurface spacing (2017), soybean with 9 m spacing (2015 and 3‐yr average). Drain depth had no effect on corn and soybean yield, except for sugarbeet where the 1.2‐m depth had higher yield. The highest residual soil NO3–N for corn occurred for the narrower drain spacing (9 m), and 12 m spacing for sugarbeet in 2016. These data indicated that narrow spaced subsurface drains in poorly‐drained, frigid clay soils may increase corn and soybean yield during wet years, but that wider spacing may be beneficial during relatively dry years along 450 km extent of the RRVN.
La eficiencia de la carga de la prueba en los procesos por responsabilidad médica en Colombia
Authors: Bedoya Chavarriaga Juan Camilo 
Published: June 2019

La asignación jurisprudencial de la carga de la prueba en los procesos de responsabilidad médica se presenta como ineficiente para generar incentivos comportamentales. Esto se debe a que dicharegla probatoria no toma en cuenta los efectos adversos de la inversión, así como los criterios de origen doctrinario para su eficiencia.De allí que el presente trabajo pretenda determinar la eficiencia de la carga de la prueba en tanto institución jurídica, desde los presupuestos del análisis económico en los procesos de responsabilidad médica, adelantados ante los jueces civiles del circuito.
Palabras clave: Acto médico, daño, responsabilidad, carga de prueba, análisis económico.
Using an improved interval technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to assess river ecosystem health
Authors: Xu Wei , Dong Zengchuan , Ren Li , Ren Jie , Guan Xike , Zhong Dunyu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A river ecosystem health (REH) assessment system, based on indicators for morphological form, hydrology features, aquatic life, and habitat provision was established to characterize REH. The standard interval Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method (TOPSIS) does not fully consider dynamic changes in REH, so interval numbers and the mean were introduced into an improved version of TOPSIS to achieve a more objective analysis. The improved interval TOPSIS method was tested in the Zhangweinan River and a river ecosystem health integrated index (REHI) was calculated. The REHI decreased from 0.376 to 0.346 over the past 25 years and the REH ranged from general to poor for 1991 to 1995 and from poor to very poor for 1996 to 2000, 2001 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, and 2011 to 2015. The ecosystem health is poor because of dams and reservoirs in the upper reaches that prevent water flowing to the lower reaches, over-abstraction of water, and severe pollution. This method gives objective and accurate assessments of REH and can be used to support decision-making and evaluation in a range of fields.