bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of antibacterial ABS plastics based on polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts antibacterial agents
Authors: Zeng Weizhen , He Jingwei , Liu Fang 
Published: May 2019

Antibacterial acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) plastics were prepared by adding polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts as antibacterial agents through a double screw extruder. The novel polymeric quaternary phosphonium salts (PBrMAP‐n) with alkyl chain length ranging from 3 to 11 were synthesized, and their chemical structures were confirmed by Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H‐NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) spectra. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that all of the antibacterial agents had good thermal stability. The influence of addition amount as well as the alkyl chain length on mechanical properties and antibacterial properties was investigated. Compared with the pure ABS, all of PBrMAP‐n containing specimens had comparable tensile strength and flexural properties but reduced impact strength. Only samples with 10 wt% of PBrMAP‐11 exhibited more than 90% antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Enoxaparin Thromboprophylaxis Dosing and Anti–Factor Xa Levels in Low‐Weight Patients
Authors: Yam Lily , Bahjri Khaled , Geslani Van , Cotton Adrian , Hong Lisa 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionEnoxaparin is a widely used anticoagulant to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE). A fixed dose is recommended for VTE prophylaxis. However, fixed prophylactic doses of enoxaparin in low‐weight patients may be close to the weight‐based dosing recommended for VTE treatment.ObjectiveTo evaluate peak anti–factor Xa (aFXa) levels in low‐weight patients receiving enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis.MethodsRetrospective cohort of adult patients weighing < 55 kg who were hospitalized at Loma Linda University Medical Center between January 2008 and February 2017. All patients received enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis with a peak aFXa level drawn. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving peak aFXa levels within the goal range of 0.2–0.5 unit/ml.ResultsOf 35 patients receiving enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis with an appropriately timed peak aFXa level, 74% achieved goal peak aFXa levels and the median daily dose of enoxaparin was 30 mg. The mean weight was approximately 44 kg. No significant correlations between aFXa level and body mass index or body weight were found.ConclusionA lower dose of enoxaparin may be reasonable in low‐weight patients for VTE prophylaxis. There appears to be no safety concerns with reduced enoxaparin dosing in low‐weight patients. More robust data are needed to confirm these findings.
Substituent effects on the stretching vibration of C═N in multi‐substituted benzylideneanilines
Authors: Wang Linyan , Cao Chaotun , Cao Chenzhong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractForty‐nine samples of 3,4′/4,3′/3,3′‐disubstituted benzylideneanilines (XBAYs) and 52 samples of multi‐substituted XBAYs were synthesized, and their infrared absorption spectra were recorded in this paper. On the basis of the stretching vibration frequencies νC═N of C═N bridging bond of 158 samples of substituted XBAYs (including 57 samples of 4,4′‐disubstituted XBAYs from reference and 101 samples of substituted XBAYs synthesized in this paper), an extensional research of substituent effects on the νC═N values from 4,4′‐disubstituted XBAYs to multi‐substituted XBAYs was made. A modified equation for quantifying the νC═N values of multi‐substituted XBAYs was obtained (shown as Equation (3)). Equation (3) indicates that the excited‐state substituent constant of Y and the substituent specific cross‐interaction effect between X and X cannot be ignored for the quantitative regression analysis of the νC═N values of multi‐substituted XBAYs. Compared with Equation (1), Equation (3) has a wider application and more accuracy in quantifying the νC═N values of substituted XBAYs.
Effects of water nanochannel diameter on proton transport in proton‐exchange membranes
Authors: Mabuchi Takuya , Tokumasu Takashi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe effects of water nanochannel diameter on proton transport pathways and properties have been studied using reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The proton distributions and diffusivities have been evaluated using the cylinder model of water domains at various diameters that is the most typical proposed morphological model in proton‐exchange membranes. The proton distributions are analyzed to clarify proton pathways by classifying the water channel into two regions in parallel: an inner channel (free water) and an outer channel (bound water). For all the water contents, the nonmonotonic trends that show a peak at a certain diameter are found to be observed in the proton diffusivity, which is dominated by the proton diffusivity in the free water region and has a strong correlation with the proton distribution that is controlled by the balance between the volume fraction of free water and the surface density of sulfonate groups. The electroosmotic drag coefficients are found to increase monotonically with increasing channel diameter as a result of the increase in the volume fraction of free water. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 867–878
Graphene–CNT hybrids by thermal and plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition process: Numerical modeling of growth and energy kinetics
Authors: Tewari Aarti , Ghosh Santanu , Srivastava Pankaj 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe numerical computations for the species density and energy kinetics are used to elaborate the growth mechanism and differences between the graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and plasma‐enhanced CVD (PECVD) process. The modeling results show that the CNT, graphene, and graphene–CNT hybrids have enhanced growth rates in a plasma medium than in a neutral gas environment of a CVD method. Plasma enables low‐temperature growth of graphene–CNT hybrids and offers a broad temperature range for the growth than the CVD technique that operates only at elevated temperatures. The underlying reasons and mechanisms behind the better growth rates and temperature range offered by the PECVD process (~400–1,600 K) are explained through the results.
An MEDT study of the mechanism and selectivities of the [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of tomentosin with benzonitrile oxide
Authors: Zeroual Abdellah , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , El Idrissi Mohammed , El Alaoui El Abdallaoui Habib , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of tomentosin with benzonitrile oxide yielding a spiro‐isoxazoline has been studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory at the B3LYP/6‐31(d,p) computational level. Given the multifunctionality of tomentosin, this 32CA reaction can take place along 16 competitive reaction paths. The chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoisomeric reaction paths involving the two CC double bonds of tomentosin have been studied. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations account for the total chemo‐ and regioselectivity, in complete agreement with the experimental outcomes, being suggestive of low diastereofacial selectivity. Analysis of the conceptual DFT indices accounts for the nonpolar character of this 32CA reaction. On the other hand, the topological analysis of the electron localization function of the selected points of the intrinsic reaction coordinate associated with the formation of the CC and CO single bonds emphasizes the zw‐type reactivity of the phenyl nitrile oxide; the reaction taking place through a non‐concerted two‐stage one‐step mechanism initialized with the formation of the CC single bond involving the β‐conjugated carbon of tomentosin.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol via In‐situ Reduced Cu/ZnO Catalyst Prepared by Formic acid Assisted Grinding
Authors: Lu Peng , Chizema Linet Gapu , Hondo Emmerson , Tong Mingliang , Xing Chuang , Lu Chengxue , Mei Yongfei , Yang Ruiqin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMethanol is an essential chemical raw material and potential alternative energy source. In this paper, Cu based catalyst was prepared by the noble solid phase grinding method for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. The influence of chelating agent, heating rate, calcination temperature and calcination period of the precursor on catalyst performance were studied in depth. The catalyst precursor with formic acid as a chelating agent was reduced in‐situ when calcined in nitrogen (N2) at 573 K. The formic acid was decomposed, releasing the reducing agents, CO and H2, resulting in continuous in‐situ CuO reduction to metallic Cu0. XRD, XPS, BET, TG‐DSC, H2‐TPR and other characterization techniques were employed to analyze the catalyst properties. Results revealed that CuO was successfully reduced in‐situ to Cu0 during calcination process in a nitrogen atmosphere without further reduction. The catalyst prepared by formic acid grinding (F/I−Cu/ZnO) showed highest catalytic activity compared with the conventional catalyst which was further reduced by 5% H2 (F/H−Cu/ZnO). CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity reached 33.44% and 84.26%respectively.
3D Hierarchical structure Electrodes of MnO2 Nanosheets Decorated on Needle‐like NiCo2O4 Nanocones on Ni Foam as a cathode material for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Ren Bo , Fan Meiqing , Yang Xiaodong , Wang Lei , Yu Haixia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, three dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure electrode of MnO2 nanosheets decorated on needle‐like NiCo2O4 nanocones hybrid arrays on Ni foam is designed by a two‐step hydrothermal process. In this special structure, 3D hierarchical NiCo2O4/MnO2 core/shell composites have high specific surface area and large pore structure, which makes it easier to reach the active site, and shorten the ion transport path. Used as electrode for supercapacitors, the composites can develop their respective strengths, and the synergies between different components can also improve capacitance and speed capacity. The electrochemical results exhibit that the NiCo2O4/MnO2 core/shell electrodes display a large capacitance of 816 F⋅g−1 at the current density of 5 mA⋅cm−2, and show an excellent cycling stability (81% retention after 5000 cycles). Four Asymmetric supercapacitors (NiCo2O4/MnO2//BPC (banana peel), NiCo2O4/MnO2//BHC (buckwheat husk), NiCo2O4/MnO2//PPC (pomelo peel), and NiCo2O4/MnO2//AC (activated carbon)) using the NiCo2O4/MnO2 core/shell as a positive electrode and biochar as a negative electrode are assembled. The results indicate that all the asymmetric supercapacitors deliver a high operation voltage of 1.6 V, and NiCo2O4/MnO2//BPC exhibits excellent specific capacitance (85.4 F⋅g−1 at the current density of 5 mA⋅cm−2), high energy density (30.4 Wh⋅kg−1 at the power density of 133.5 W⋅kg−1) and remarkable cycling stability (only decrease by 12% after 5000 cycles).
Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines through Oxidative C‐N Bond Formation from Aryl‐2‐pyridylmethanols and Their Fluorescent Study
Authors: Chandrasekar Selvaraj , Sangeetha Subramani , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA simple, effortless, and efficacious protocol for the synthesis of highly fluorescing imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines via copper catalyzed inter‐/intramolecular C−N bond formation between readily available pyridyl alcohols with either benzyl amines or amino acids has been developed. This domino reaction is involved with alcohol oxidation/condensation/oxidative amination sequence to synthesize imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines in good to excellent yields. The fluorescence studies of these compounds indicated a bathochromic shift for the electron donating substituents, whereas a hypsochromic shift for the electron withdrawing substituents. Synthetic modification of the groups attached to the heterocyclic core showed a profound impact on the emission properties when subjected to pH and solvent polarity change.
Interaction between Silver Nanoparticles and Two Dehydrogenases: Role of Thiol Groups
Authors: Jiang Hong Sheng , Zhang Yizhi , Lu Zhen Wei , Lebrun Régine , Gontero Brigitte , Li Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWidely used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are readily accessible to biological fluids and then surrounded by proteins. However, interactions between AgNPs and proteins are poorly understood. Two dehydrogenases, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH), are chosen to investigate these interactions. Ag bound to thiol groups of these enzymes significantly decreases the number of free thiols available. Dose‐dependent inhibition of enzyme activities is observed in both AgNPs and Ag+ treatments. Based on the concentration required to inhibit 50% activity, GAPDH and MDH are 24–30 fold more sensitive to Ag+ than to AgNPs suggesting that the measured 4.2% Ag+ containing AgNPs can be responsible for the enzymes inhibition. GAPDH, with a thiol group in its active site, is more sensitive to Ag than MDH, displaying many thiol groups but none in its active site, suggesting that thiol groups at the active site strongly determines the sensitivity of enzymes toward AgNPs. In contrast, the dramatic changes of circular dichroism spectra show that the global secondary structure of MDH under AgNPs treatment is more altered than that of GAPDH. In summary, this study shows that the thiol groups and their location on these dehydrogenases are crucial for the AgNPs effects.
Controlled Electrodeposition of Gold on Graphene: Maximization of the Defect‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Response
Authors: Ananthoju Balakrishna , Biroju Ravi K. , Theis Wolfgang , Dryfe Robert A. W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA reliable method to prepare a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate is developed herein, by electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on defect‐engineered, large area chemical vapour deposition graphene (GR). A plasma treatment strategy is used in order to engineer the structural defects on the basal plane of large area single‐layer graphene. This defect‐engineered Au functionalized GR, offers reproducible SERS signals over the large area GR surface. The Raman data, along with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and analysis of the water contact angle are used to rationalize the functionalization of the graphene layer. It is found that Au NPs functionalization of the “defect‐engineered” graphene substrates permits detection of concentrations as low as 10−16 m for the probe molecule Rhodamine B, which offers an outstanding molecular sensing ability. Interestingly, a Raman signal enhancement of up to ≈108 is achieved. Moreover, it is observed that GR effectively quenches the fluorescence background from the Au NPs and molecules due to the strong resonance energy transfer between Au NPs and GR. The results presented offer significant direction for the design and fabrication of ultra‐sensitive SERS platforms, and also open up possibilities for novel applications of defect engineered graphene in biosensors, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices.
Emerging Evidence that ApoC-III Inhibitors Provide Novel Options to Reduce the Residual CVD
Authors: Taskinen Marja-Riitta , Packard Chris J. , Borén Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is known to inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and function as an important regulator of triglyceride metabolism. In addition, apoC-III has also more recently been identified as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which apoC-III induces hypertriglyceridemia and promotes atherogenesis, as well as the findings from recent clinical trials using novel strategies for lowering apoC-III.

Recent Findings
Genetic studies have identified subjects with heterozygote loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in APOC3, the gene coding for apoC-III. Clinical characterization of these individuals shows that the LOF variants associate with a low-risk lipoprotein profile, in particular reduced plasma triglycerides. Recent results also show that complete deficiency of apoC-III is not a lethal mutation and is associated with very rapid lipolysis of plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). Ongoing trials based on emerging gene-silencing technologies show that intervention markedly lowers apoC-III levels and, consequently, plasma triglyceride. Unexpectedly, the evidence points to apoC-III not only inhibiting LPL activity but also suppressing removal of TRLs by LPL-independent pathways.

Summary
Available data clearly show that apoC-III is an important cardiovascular risk factor and that lifelong deficiency of apoC-III is cardioprotective. Novel therapies have been developed, and results from recent clinical trials indicate that effective reduction of plasma triglycerides by inhibition of apoC-III might be a promising strategy in management of severe hypertriglyceridemia and, more generally, a novel approach to CHD prevention in those with elevated plasma triglyceride.
Shear Wave Velocity Characteristics in Parts of Muscat, Sultanate of Oman — A Measure of Earthquake Hazard Assessment
Authors: Sundararajan N. , El-Hussain Issa , Mohamed Adel M. E. , Deif Ahmed , El-Hady Sheref , El-Jabri Khalifa , Al-Rawas Ghazi , Zain Yahia El , Kwarteng Andy , Al-Wardi Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Shear-wave velocity-depth information plays a significant role in assessing earthquake hazard of any region. Further, it is required for most investigations of ground motion response to earthquakes in areas where significant soil cover exists. The thickness and velocity of geologic formations are the vital parameters above the bedrock that affect the frequency band of the ground motion that may be strongly amplified by the local site conditions. In view of this, shear-wave velocity assumes great importance in earthquake hazard assessment studies. The characteristics of shear-wave velocity profile were determined by multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) technique in as many as 99 sites over different geological units in parts of Muscat city in order to evaluate probable hazard if any. The variations of shear wave velocity down to depths of 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and 30 m, respectively are presented. However, the average shear wave velocities calculated down to a depth of 30 m (VS30) vary between 345 m/s and 1197 m/s. The high range of shear-wave velocity almost rules out the liquefaction potential due to earthquakes of moderate to high magnitude.
Variations in Stable Isotopes of Oxygen and Hydrogen in Surface and Groundwater of a Managed Aquifer Recharge Site: A Case Study
Authors: Parimalarenganayaki S. , Elango L. , Schneider Michael 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Groundwater storage augmented by Managed Aquifer Recharge methods in a region will help to manage water supply when there is insufficient availability surface water. The present study was carried out to use the stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to study the interaction between the surface and groundwater at Managed Aquifer Recharge (Check dam) site located north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Water samples from check dam were collected at periodical intervals from October 2011 to April 2012 and groundwater samples from the wells surrounding the dam were collected for the period between January 2012 and July 2012. Electrical conductivity of the water samples was measured using multi parameter probe (YSI 556). Chloride is analysed by standard titration method. δD and δ18O were analysed by PICARRO L1102-i isotope analyser. The variation in isotopic signatures of water from the check dam indicated that water stored in the check dam undergone various degrees of evaporation. The relationship of δ18O with electrical conductivity and chloride of groundwater and water from check dam assisted in delineating the wells recharged from check dam. It is identified, that the wells located 1.5 km surrounding the check dam is benefitted by this structure.
Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Vulnerability Using GIS-Based DRASTIC Model and its Validation Using Nitrate Concentration in Tandula Watershed, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Jhariya D. C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Effective management of groundwater resources has now become a global issue and on the other hand industrialization, deforestation and agricultural activities are potential sources of groundwater pollution. Groundwater vulnerability index assessment is an effective tool for groundwater management. In this study DRASTIC model was utilized to evaluate aquifer vulnerability of Tandula watershed, Chhattisgarh, India. Aquifer vulnerability of the study area classified into five categories such as very low (18.68%), low (23.84%), moderate (16.42%), high (23.72%) and very high (17.34%) vulnerability. To validate the DRASTIC model, nitrate concentration was selected and found that it is 82.35% accurate which reflects that, DRASTIC model is appropriate to understand groundwater pollution risk assessment. In the study area groundwater is contaminated mainly due to extensive use of fertilizer for agriculture purpose. Present study will be helpful in proper management and development of available groundwater resource in the study area.
Assessment of Indoor Radon and Thoron in Dwellings of Nangal Area Using SSNTD
Authors: Kaur Rupinderjeet , Shikha Deep , Singh Supreet Pal , Mehta Vimal 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Radon effect on human health need not be overemphasised. In the present study an attempt has been made to measure the concentration of indoor radon, thoron and annual effective dose received by residents of Nangal area of Roopnagar District of Punjab. Radium concentration and Radon exhalation in soil samples are also calculated. Indoor radon concentration varies from 93.1 Bqm-3 to 127.0 Bqm-3 with an average of 95.4 Bqm-3. The value of thoron concentration varies from 5.4 Bqm-3 to 47.2 Bqm-3 with an average of 24.0 Bqm-3. The observed annual effective dose varies from 2.3 mSv to 3.7 mSv which lies within safe limits recommended by ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection). Radon gas concentration in soil samples vary from 8.4 to 64.1 Bqm-3 with an average of 31.4 Bqm-3. The mass exhalation rate in samples vary from 0.2 to 2.7 mBq kg-1 h-1 with an average of 1.1 mBq kg-1 h-1, whereas, surface exhalation rate vary from 6.9 to 52.5 mBq m-2 h-1 with an average of 23.6 mBq m-2 h-1. The radium concentration ranges from 0.5 to 3.5 Bq kg-1 with an average of 1.8 Bq kg-1. The observed values of radium concentration in all soil samples are less than the recommended value 370 Bq kg-1 by OECD (Organization for Economic Corporation and Development).
Gamification as a winning cyber security strategy
Authors: Wolfenden Brad 
Published: May 2019

We are more connected than ever before. Our smart TVs and refrigerators, phones and drones, online bank accounts and electronic health records, and so much more, are on the web and in the cloud – connected and ‘talking’ to each other. While creating convenience for the end user, this growing interconnected digital footprint creates a ripe surface for a cyber criminal to attack. Just like in some video games, consumers and business leaders find themselves battling the consequences of interconnectivity and are trying to keep opponents from exploiting their information and damaging their reputation. In this “game of protection’ to balance defensive and offensive security techniques, now is the time for CISOs and business leaders to reach for a new cyber security manual – one that leverages gamification. This is the process of exploiting game-like elements to improve information retention and the application of skills, explains Brad Wolfenden of Circadence.