bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking on the light side
Authors: Krisjanous Jayne , Carruthers Janet 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
Ghost tours are an important part of tourism in many towns and cities around the world. Described as light dark tourism, they are a mix of the macabre and entertainment. Ghost tours are usually small business enterprises. In order for their venture to be sustainable, ghost tour operators must engage in effective entrepreneurial marketing (EM) practices. This study aims to evaluate the extent to which ghost tour operators use EM within their business.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative bricolage approach is used as a way to explore the use of EM practices within ghost tourism; that is, a niche tourism product. Data were collected using 21 in-depth interviews, participant observation and analysis of venture websites. This study used a two-stage data analysis procedure.

Findings
Findings reveal that ghost tour operators practice several dimensions of EM that are often simultaneously present and interwoven through the practices ghost tour operators use, as identified by thematic analysis.

Originality/value
This study adds an EM lens to the light dark tourism literature.
Effects of high current density on lead-free solder joints of chip-size passive SMD components
Authors: Geczy Attila , Straubinger Daniel , Kovacs Andras , Krammer Oliver , Mach Pavel , Harsányi Gábor 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel approach on investigating critical current densities in the solder joints of chip-size surface mounted device (SMD) components. The investigation involves a numerical approach and a physical validation with selected track-to-pad connections and high current loads (CXs).

Design/methodology/approach
During the investigations, shape of solder fillets was calculated in Surface Evolver, and then the current densities were calculated accordingly in the given geometry. For the verification, CX tests were performed on joints at elevated temperatures. The joints were qualified with X-ray microscopy, cross-section analysis and shear tests.

Findings
This study ascertained that the inhomogeneity in current density depends on the track-to-pad structure of the joint. Also this study found that the heavy CX decreases the mechanical strength, but the degradation does not reach the level of electromigration (EM)-induced voiding.

Practical implications
The heavy CX significantly affects joint reliability and the results point out to EM-induced failure-limitations on printed circuit board (PCB)-based assemblies due to the thermomechanical weakness of the FR4 material.

Originality/value
The experiments investigate current density from a novel aspect on more frequently used small-scale components with different track-to-pad configurations – pointing out possible failure sources.
Understandings of tourism theory
Authors: Stergiou Dimitrios P. , Airey David 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper explores perceptions of tourism theory and its usefulness to the professional practice of tourism management as identified by the two major stakeholder groups – academics and tourism practitioners.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were collected through the use of two electronically administered surveys with tourism academics teaching on undergraduate tourism programmes of study and tourism professionals, both based in the UK.FindingsFindings suggest that tourism theory is important in understanding tourism itself. But at the same time it has pragmatic relevance, facilitating researchers and others to make sense of the real world and contributing to successful practice in tourism.Originality/valueThis is the first study to provide empirical data from both academic and practitioner perspectives into often contested debates about the nature and uses of tourism theory.
Reciprocally transplanted lizards along an elevational gradient match light environment use of local lizards via phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Refsnider Jeanine M. , Qian Song S. , Streby Henry M. , Carter Sarah E. , Clifton Ian T. , Siefker Adam D. , Vazquez Tyara K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Thermoregulatory behaviour enables ectotherms to maintain preferred body temperatures across a range of environmental conditions, and it may buffer individuals against the effects of climate warming. In lizards, the mechanism underlying variation in thermoregulatory behaviour has long been assumed to be phenotypic plasticity, and while this assumption has been difficult to test using wild populations in their natural habitat, it has critical implications as to how variation in thermoregulation is incorporated in models designed to predict outcomes of climate change on ectotherms.

We continuously recorded one component of thermoregulatory behaviour, light‐environment use, by two wild populations of desert short‐horned lizards Phrynosoma hernandesi occurring at low (warm) and high (cool) elevations. We then reciprocally transplanted lizards and recorded their light‐environment use when exposed to a novel climate at the transplant site.

Immediately following the reciprocal transplant to a novel climate, lizards from both populations adjusted their light‐environment use and matched the light‐environment use exhibited by local lizards at that site.

This study provides direct empirical evidence that lizards can immediately adjust light‐environment use, one component of thermoregulatory behaviour, via phenotypic plasticity to match the local environment. Our results provide hope that lizards may have some capacity to buffer against climate change by adjusting their light‐environment use to compensate for warmer environmental temperatures.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Drivers of nocturnal water flux in a tallgrass prairie
Authors: O'Keefe Kimberly , Nippert Jesse B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Nocturnal transpiration can impact water balance from the local community to earth‐atmosphere fluxes. However, the dynamics and drivers of nocturnal transpiration among coexisting plant functional groups in herbaceous ecosystems are unknown.

Here, we addressed the following questions: (1) How do nocturnal (Enight) and diurnal (Eday) transpiration vary among coexisting grasses, forbs, and shrubs in a tallgrass prairie? (2) What environmental variables drive Enight and do these differ from the drivers of Eday? (3) Is Enight associated with daytime physiological processes?

We measured diurnal and nocturnal leaf gas exchange on perennial grass, forb and woody species in a North American tallgrass prairie. Measurements were made periodically across two growing seasons (May–August 2014–2015) on three C4 grasses (Andropogon gerardii, Sorghastrum nutans and Panicum virgatum), two C3 forbs (Vernonia baldwinii and Solidago canadensis), one C3 sub‐shrub (Amorpha canescens) and two C3 shrubs (Cornus drummondii and Rhus glabra).

By extending our study to multiple functional groups, we were able to make several key observations: (1) Enight was variable among co‐occurring plant functional groups, with the highest rates occurring in C4 grasses, (2) Enight and Eday exhibited different responses to vapour pressure deficit and other environmental drivers, and (3) rates of Enight were strongly related to predawn leaf water potential for grasses and woody species, and were likely modulated by small‐scale changes in soil moisture availability.

Our results provide novel insight into an often‐overlooked portion of ecosystem water balance. Considering the high rates of Enight observed in C4 grasses, as well as the widespread global occurrence of C4 grasses, nocturnal water loss might constitute a greater proportion of global evapotranspiration than previously estimated. Additionally, future predictions of nocturnal water loss may be complicated by stomatal behaviour that differs between the day and at night. Finally, these data suggest a water‐use strategy by C4 grasses wherein the high rates of Enight occurring during wet periods may confer a competitive advantage to maximize resource consumption during periods of greater availability.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Quantifying floristic and structural forest maturity: An attribute‐based method for wet eucalypt forests
Authors: van Galen Laura G. , Jordan Gregory J. , Musk Robert A. , Beeton Nicholas J. , Wardlaw Timothy J. , Baker Susan C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaintaining developmental heterogeneity of ecological communities within landscapes is crucial for sustainable native forest management. Consequently, methods to assess forest maturity (i.e. the degree to which the forest contains attributes and supports processes characteristic of late‐successional forests) are valuable for making management decisions. However, no consistent, pragmatic method to quantify maturity that incorporates multiple ecosystem elements is available for many forest systems, including Australian wet eucalypt forests.We draw upon forest community dynamics theory to develop a method to quantify maturity based on forest attributes, and use this method to create two metrics of wet eucalypt forest floristic and structural maturity. We then test the ability of remotely sensed and field‐collected variables to predict these metrics.Both the floristic and structural maturity metrics performed well at capturing underlying trends of forest maturation. Remotely sensed LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) and photo‐interpretation data provided estimates of moderate accuracy for both floristic and structural maturity (R2 = .57–.77). Field variables that are relatively efficient and accurate to measure provided greater model accuracy (R2 = .73–.85). Including more complex field variables increased model accuracy to high levels (R2 = .93). Therefore, while maturity predicted from remote‐sensing data enables a useful and accessible large‐scale maturity measure, field indices would provide a more accurate means of assessing maturity at the local stand level.Synthesis and applications. The metrics developed in this study provide a powerful tool for undertaking consistent assessments of wet eucalypt forest maturity. This assessment tool could improve forest management by providing information to optimise practices such as prioritising stands for retention or harvesting, determining the effectiveness of restoration or management practices and monitoring changes in maturity over time. The method could be adapted to any forest system that undergoes well‐defined directional development.
Engineering Formality: Flyover and Skywalk Construction in Mumbai
Authors: Harris Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article investigates the engineering of elevated transport infrastructure in contemporary Mumbai. It argues that the conception, construction and implementation of flyovers and skywalks in Mumbai over the past 20 years has been part of elite efforts seeking to instil a more free‐flowing, predictable and regulated city. The techniques, routines, standards and visualizations comprising these engineering schemes have promised ways of reshaping the socio‐material configurations and everyday landscapes of Mumbai into a more knowable, functional and integrated realm. The article suggests that this can be understood analytically as a means of trying to establish and maintain ‘formal’ ideals, citizens and spaces in Mumbai against wider urban contexts perceived as increasingly ‘informal’. The article thus emphasizes the importance of exploring how the ‘informal’ and ‘formal’ are actively produced and imagined against each other through material practices and procedures, and the central role of urban engineering in attempts at reconfiguring the social and political dimensions of urban life.
Urban Infrastructure, Imagination and Politics: from the Networked Metropolis to the Smart City
Authors: Picon Antoine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article argues for the importance of social imagination in the understanding of urban infrastructures, especially those designed and built by engineers. It begins by defining social imagination as image‐based systems of representation and values that are shared by various collective stakeholders concerned with infrastructure, such as engineers, but also politicians, administrators, operators, maintenance technicians and indeed users, and then introduces a tripartite model of infrastructure. Infrastructure is interpreted as the result of the interactions between a material basis, professional organizations and stabilized socio‐technical practices, and social imagination. The notion of network is interpreted from such a perspective. Its dependence on imagination is outlined. Through two case studies, the nineteenth‐century networked metropolis, epitomized by Haussmann's Paris, and the rise of the contemporary smart city perspective, the role of social imagination in the conception of urban infrastructure is analyzed further. What seems at stake in the transition towards the smart city is the increased importance given to occurrences, events and scenarios as the basis for urban infrastructure regulation.
Water Transactions for Streamflow Restoration, Water Supply Reliability, and Rural Economic Vitality in the Western United States
Authors: Kendy Eloise , Aylward Bruce , Ziemer Laura S. , Richter Brian D. , Colby Bonnie G. , Grantham Theodore E. , Sanchez Leslie , Dicharry Will B. , Powell Emily M. , Martin Season , Culp Peter W. , Szeptycki Leon F. , Kappel Carrie V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAcross the western United States, environmental water transaction programs (EWTPs) restore environmental flows by acquiring water rights and incentivizing changes in water management. These programs have evolved over several decades, expanding from relatively simple two‐party transactions to multiobjective deals that simultaneously benefit the environment and multiple water‐using sectors. Such programs now represent an important water management tool and provide an impetus for collaboration among stakeholders; yet, most evaluations of their effectiveness focus exclusively on environmental outcomes, without adequate attention to impacts on other water users or local economies. To understand how these programs affect stakeholders, a systematic, multiobjective evaluation framework is needed. To meet this need, we developed a suite of environmental and socioeconomic indicators that can guide the design and track the implementation of water transaction portfolios, and we applied them to existing EWTPs in Oregon and Nevada. Application of the indicators quantifies impacts and helps practitioners design water transaction portfolios that avoid unintended consequences and generate mutually beneficial outcomes among environmental, agricultural, and municipal interests.
The genome of the freshwater monogonont rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus
Authors: Kim Hui‐Su , Lee Bo‐Young , Han Jeonghoon , Jeong Chang‐Bum , Hwang Dae‐Sik , Lee Min‐Chul , Kang Hye‐Min , Kim Duck‐Hyun , Kim Hee‐Jin , Papakostas Spiros , Declerck Steven A. J. , Choi Ik‐Young , Hagiwara Atsushi , Park Heum Gi , Lee Jae‐Seong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMonogononta is the most speciose class of rotifers, with more than 2,000 species. The monogonont genus Brachionus is widely distributed at a global scale, and a few of its species are commonly used as ecological and evolutionary models to address questions related to aquatic ecology, cryptic speciation, evolutionary ecology, the evolution of sex and ecotoxicology. With the importance of Brachionus species in many areas of research, it is remarkable that the genome has not been characterized. This study aims to address this lacuna by presenting, for the first time, the whole‐genome assembly of the freshwater species Brachionus calyciflorus. The total length of the assembled genome was 129.6 Mb, with 1,041 scaffolds. The N50 value was 786.6 kb, and the GC content was 24%. A total of 16,114 genes were annotated with repeat sequences, accounting for 21% of the assembled genome. This assembled genome may form a basis for future studies addressing key questions on the evolution of monogonont rotifers. It will also provide the necessary molecular resources to mechanistically investigate ecophysiological and ecotoxicological responses.
The genome of the marine medaka Oryzias melastigma
Authors: Kim Hui‐Su , Lee Bo‐Young , Han Jeonghoon , Jeong Chang‐Bum , Hwang Dae‐Sik , Lee Min‐Chul , Kang Hye‐Min , Kim Duck‐Hyun , Lee Daehwan , Kim Jaebum , Choi Ik‐Young , Lee Jae‐Seong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMarine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) is considered to be a useful fish model for marine and estuarine ecotoxicology studies and has good potential for field‐based population genomics because of its geographical distribution in Asian estuarine and coastal areas. In this study, we present the first whole‐genome draft of O. melastigma. The genome assembly consists of 8,602 scaffolds (N50 = 23.737 Mb) and a total genome length of 779.4 Mb. A total of 23,528 genes were predicted, and 12,670 gene families shared with three teleost species (Japanese medaka, mangrove killifish and zebrafish) were identified. Genome analyses revealed that the O. melastigma genome is highly heterozygous and contains a large number of repeat sequences. This assembly represents a useful genomic resource for fish scientists.
On the universality of target‐enrichment baits for phylogenomic research
Authors: Bossert Silas , Danforth Bryan N. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Capturing conserved genomic elements to shed light on deep evolutionary history is becoming the new gold standard for phylogenomic research. Ultraconserved elements are shared among distantly related organisms, allowing the capture of unpreceded amounts of genomic data of non‐model taxa.

An underappreciated consequence of hybrid enrichment methods is the potential of introducing undetected DNA sequences from organisms outside the lineage of interest, facilitated through the high degree of conservation of the target regions. In this in silico study, we quantify ultraconserved loci using a data set of 400 published genomes. We utilized six newly designed UCE bait sets, tailored to various arthropod groups, and screened for shared conserved elements in all 242 currently published arthropod genomes. Additionally, we included a diverse set of other potential contaminating organisms, such as various species of fungi and bacteria.

Our results show that specific UCE bait sets can capture genomic elements from vastly divergent lineages, including human DNA. Nonetheless, our in silico modeling demonstrates that sufficiently strict bioinformatic processing parameters effectively filter out unintentionally targeted DNA from taxa other than the focus group. Lastly, we characterize all the 100 most widely shared UCE loci as highly conserved exonic regions.

We give practical recommendations to address contamination in data sets generated through targeted‐enrichment.
Hot Off the Press: Peripheral Intravenous Cannula Insertion and Use in the Emergency Department
Authors: Rangarajan Sahaana , Morgenstern Justin , Milne William K. , Heitz Corey 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis is a prospective before–after study comparing peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIVC) placement and usage rates following a 10‐week‐long multimodal intervention provided to medical and nursing staff working in a tertiary emergency department (ED). The intervention focused on improving appropriate use of PIVCs in an emergency setting by emphasizing to clinicians that a PIVC should only be placed if it was believed there was more than an 80% chance that it would be used. Patients were eligible for the study if they presented to the ED and were >18 years of age. Patients were excluded from the study if they were triage category 1, already had a PIVC placed in an ambulance, or were transferred from another hospital. Among the 4,172 patients included in the analysis, there was a 9.8% reduction in the number of PIVCs inserted (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.8–12.87) and a 12% increase in PIVC usage (95% CI = 8.7%–17.0%) in the postintervention cohort.
A Test of Multisession Automatic Action Tendency Retraining to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among Young Adults in the Context of a Human Laboratory Paradigm
Authors: Leeman Robert F. , Nogueira Christine , Wiers Reinout W. , Cousijn Janna , Serafini Kelly , DeMartini Kelly S. , Bargh John A. , O'Malley Stephanie S. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundYoung adult heavy drinking is an important public health concern. Current interventions have efficacy but with only modest effects, and thus, novel interventions are needed. In prior studies, heavy drinkers, including young adults, have demonstrated stronger automatically triggered approach tendencies to alcohol‐related stimuli than lighter drinkers. Automatic action tendency retraining has been developed to correct this tendency and consequently reduce alcohol consumption. This study is the first to test multiple iterations of automatic action tendency retraining, followed by laboratory alcohol self‐administration.MethodsA total of 72 nontreatment‐seeking, heavy drinking young adults ages 21 to 25 were randomized to automatic action tendency retraining or a control condition (i.e., “sham training”). Of these, 69 (54% male) completed 4 iterations of retraining or the control condition over 5 days with an alcohol drinking session on Day 5. Self‐administration was conducted according to a human laboratory paradigm designed to model individual differences in impaired control (i.e., difficulty adhering to limits on alcohol consumption).ResultsAutomatic action tendency retraining was not associated with greater reduction in alcohol approach tendency or less alcohol self‐administration than the control condition. The laboratory paradigm was probably sufficiently sensitive to detect an effect of an experimental manipulation given the range of self‐administration behavior observed, both in terms of number of alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks and measures of drinking topography.ConclusionsAutomatic action tendency retraining was ineffective among heavy drinking young adults without motivation to change their drinking. Details of the retraining procedure may have contributed to the lack of a significant effect. Despite null primary findings, the impaired control laboratory paradigm is a valid laboratory‐based measure of young adult alcohol consumption that provides the opportunity to observe drinking topography and self‐administration of nonalcoholic beverages (i.e., protective behavioral strategies directly related to alcohol use).
Adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate to dentine walls compared with other root‐end filling materials: A systematic review
Authors: Küçükkaya Eren Selen , Parashos Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis systematic review analysed the literature comparing marginal adaptation of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) with other filling materials in root‐end cavities. The PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases were searched using appropriate keywords related to root‐end filling materials and adaptation. Of 38 articles assessed, 20 met the inclusion criteria. No in vivo study was identified. In 10 studies, MTA gave the best marginal adaptation results, but no significant differences were found between MTA and any of the tested filling materials in seven studies. There was great variability in the study designs including analysed surface, unit of gap measurement and magnification amount during analysis. On the basis of available evidence, MTA presented good marginal adaptation to dentine walls. This review identified the need for the development of standardised methods to evaluate the adaptation property of root‐end filling materials in ex vivo studies as well as in clinical studies evaluating outcome.