bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobia activity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) essential oils applied by liquid vs. vapour phases
Authors: Torpol Kittikoon , Wiriyacharee Pairote , Sriwattana Sujinda , Sangsuwan Jurmkwan , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAntimicrobial activity of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) essential oils (GEO and HBEO, respectively) was evaluated in liquid vs. vapour phases. Diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide in GEO while eugenol, caryophyllene and methyl eugenol in HBEO were predominant active compounds. Individually, GEO was highly effective in the vapour phase, showing the greatest antimicrobial activity (P ≤ 0.05) against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with complete inhibition, followed by Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, but had no effect on Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum or Listeria monocytogenes. The combined GEO:HBEO (a 1:1 ratio) at 30 μL demonstrated inhibitive activity against all bacteria tested with complete inhibition against B. cereus and S. aureus. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the combined oil was <0.4% v/v, except for P. fluorescens requiring a higher MBC (1.5%, v/v). This study demonstrated potential of the combined GEO:HBEO to be used for food preservation applications.
Emergency department presentations in early stage breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Tang Monica , Horsley Patrick , Lewis Craig R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract(Neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer is associated with side‐effects, resulting in increased emergency department (ED) presentations. Treatment‐related toxicity can affect quality of life, compromise chemotherapy delivery and treatment outcomes, and increase healthcare use. We performed a retrospective study of ED presentations in patients receiving curative chemotherapy for early breast cancer to identify factors contributing to ED presentations. Of 102 patients, 39 (38%) presented to ED within 30 days of chemotherapy, resulting in 63 ED presentations in total. Most common reasons were non‐neutropenic fever (17 presentations/27%), neutropenic fever (15/24%), pain (9/14%), drug reaction (6/10%) and infection (4/6%). Factors significantly associated with ED presentation were adjuvant chemotherapy timing compared to neoadjuvant timing (P = 0.031), prophylactic antibiotics (P = 0.045) and docetaxel‐containing regimen (P = 0.018).
Hypothalamic demyelination causing panhypopituitarism
Authors: Dixon‐Douglas Julia , Burgess John , Dreyer Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypothalamic involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is rare and endocrinopathies involving the hypothalamic–pituitary axis in patients with demyelinating conditions have rarely been reported. We present two cases of MS/NMOSD with associated hypothalamic–pituitary involvement and subsequent hypopituitarism, including the first report of a patient with hypothalamic demyelination causing panhypopituitarism. Differential diagnoses, including alemtuzumab‐related and primary pituitary pathology are discussed.
Interleukin‐23 promotes intestinal T helper type17 immunity and ameliorates obesity‐associated metabolic syndrome in a murine high‐fat diet model
Authors: Martins Larissa M. S. , Perez Malena M. , Pereira Camila A. , Costa Frederico R. C. , Dias Murilo S. , Tostes Rita C. , Ramos Simone G. , de Zoete Marcel R. , Ryffel Bernhard , Silva João S. , Carlos Daniela 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe addressed the role of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23) in driving the intestinal T helper type 17 (Th17) response during obesity and metabolic syndrome progression induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD). Diet‐induced obese and lean mice received HFD or control diet (CTD), respectively, for 20 weeks. The nutritional, metabolic and immune parameters were examined at weeks 9 and 20. Gene and protein IL‐23p19 and IL‐23 receptor expression was increased in the ileum of obese wild‐type mice (WT) fed the HFD for 9 weeks. Mice lacking IL‐23 and fed the HFD exhibited greater weight gain, higher fat accumulation, adipocyte hypertrophy and hepatic steatosis. Notably, these mice had more glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and associated metabolic alterations, such as hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia. IL‐23 deficiency also significantly reduced protein levels of IL‐17, CCL20 and neutrophil elastase in the ileum and reduced Th17 cell expansion in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the HFD mice. Of importance, IL‐23‐deficient mice exhibited increased gut permeability and blood bacterial translocation compared with WT mice fed HFD. Finally, metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota revealed a dramatic outgrowth of Bacteroidetes over Firmicutes phylum with the prevalence of Bacteroides genera in the faeces of IL‐23‐deficient mice after HFD. In summary, IL‐23 appears to maintain the Th17 response and neutrophil migration into the intestinal mucosa, minimizing the gut dysbiosis and protecting against obesity and metabolic disease development in mice.
The WHO global influenza surveillance and response system (GISRS)—A future perspective
Authors: Hay Alan J , McCauley John W 
Published: May 2018

In the centenary year of the devastating 1918‐19 pandemic, it seems opportune to reflect on the success of the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) initiated 70 years ago to provide early warning of changes in influenza viruses circulating in the global population to help mitigate the consequences of such a pandemic and maintain the efficacy of seasonal influenza vaccines. Three pandemics later and in the face of pandemic threats from highly pathogenic zoonotic infections by different influenza A subtypes, it continues to represent a model platform for global collaboration and timely sharing of viruses, reagents and information to forestall and respond to public health emergencies.
Investigation of anisotropic mechanical properties of textured KSr2Nb5O15 ceramics via ab‐initio calculation and nanoindentation
Authors: Chen Qian , Gao Feng , Csanádi Tamás , Xu Jie , Fu Maosen , Wang Min , Dusza Ján 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnisotropic mechanical properties of KSr2Nb5O15 (KSN) crystals were investigated through first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory. These properties were experimentally verified via nanoindentation on textured KSN ceramics fabricated, using a reactive template grain growth method. Nanoindentation was performed in directions parallel and perpendicular to the [001] direction of samples consisting of highly oriented grains with tetragonal symmetry. Calculations revealed that Nb‐O yields a relatively strong covalent effect and Nb‐O octahedral distortions induce spontaneous polarization in the KSN crystal. The measured indentation modulus values concurred with the predictions, based on the calculated elastic constants, as indicated by an anisotropic ratio of ~10% between the 2 tested orientations. The hardness exhibited negligible anisotropy. However, the predictions revealed a pronounced anisotropy of the Young's modulus (ratio of ~40% between the [100] direction and a direction tilted by ~45° from the [001] toward the [100]).
Computer‐assisted cognitive behavioural therapy: The experiences of adults who have an intellectual disability and anxiety or depression
Authors: Cooney Patricia , Jackman Catherine , Tunney Conall , Coyle David , O'Reilly Gary 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundDespite its evidence base in the general population, computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) has not yet been adapted for use with people with intellectual disability. This study aimed to explore the experiences of adults with an intellectual disability who played a cCBT program.MethodTwenty‐four adults (with a mild or moderate intellectual disability and clinically significant anxiety or depression) who were in the treatment arm of a pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating the cCBT program were individually interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and report themes within the data.ResultsParticipants found playing the program to be an enjoyable and novel experience and that it was challenging and helpful. It allowed them to develop and reflect on relationships and increased their awareness of thoughts, feelings and behaviours.ConclusionsCombining technology with CBT is an effective way to reduce barriers to accessing mental health interventions and technology for this population.
Primary aldosteronism in patients with adrenal incidentaloma: Is screening appropriate for everyone?
Authors: Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Imprialos Konstantinos P. , Katsiki Niki , Petidis Konstantinos , Kamparoudis Apostolos , Petras Panagiotis , Georgopoulou Vasiliki , Finitsis Stefanos , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Athyros Vasilios G. , Doumas Michael , Karagiannis Asterios 
Published: May 2018

Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a common form of secondary hypertension. Several guidelines recommend that patients with adrenal incidentaloma have a high probability of suffering from PA. We conducted a prospective study of 269 consecutive adults with adrenal incidentaloma to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of PA. In total, 9 participants were detected with PA, suggesting a prevalence of 3.35% among the study population. PA participants had a higher blood pressure level by 14/20.8 mm Hg and a lower serum potassium level by 0.8 mmol/L (P < .05). Importantly, all patients with PA presented with concurrent indications (hypertension with or without hypokalemia) for screening of the disease, but they have not undergone relative screening by the referring physician, thus casting doubts about the appropriate implementation of current guidelines in real‐life practice. Intense efforts are needed to familiarize physicians with recommendations for PA to minimize undiagnosed cases and the detrimental sequelae of this endocrine form of hypertension.
Toxoplasma gondii Histone 4 Affects Some Functions of Murine Ana‐1 Macrophages In Vitro
Authors: Liu Xinchao , Li Xiaoyu , Wang Qiangqiang , Sun Xiaoni , Lu Mingmin , Ehsan Muhammad , Xu Lixin , Yan RuoFeng , Song XiaoKai , Li XiangRui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can infect almost all nucleated cells. Histone proteins and DNA form the nucleosomes, which are the fundamental building blocks of eukaryotic chromatin. Histone 4 is an essential component of a histone octamer. In the present study, T. gondii histone 4 (TgH4) was cloned and the regulatory effect of TgH4 on murine macrophages was characterized. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TgH4 was highly conserved in structure. Recombinant TgH4 (rTgH4) protein was identified by sera from rats experimentally infected with T. gondii and native TgH4 in the total soluble protein of T. gondii tachyzoites was recognized by polyclonal antibodies against rTgH4, as indicated by immunoblotting analysis. Immunofluorescence assay showed that TgH4 binds to macrophages. Following incubation with rTgH4, the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) level of the macrophages was downregulated. Meanwhile, chemotaxis and the proliferation of macrophages were inhibited. However, rTgH4 can promote phagocytosis, apoptosis, and the secretion of nitric oxide, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α from macrophages. Just 80 μg/ml rTgH4 can significantly elevate the secretion of interleukin‐10 and interleukin‐1β (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Viewed together, these outcomes indicated that rTgH4 can affect the functions of murine macrophages in vitro.
One percent alendronate and aloe vera gel local host modulating agents in chronic periodontitis patients with class II furcation defects: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Ipshita Sahu , Kurian Ida G. , Dileep Pankaj , Kumar Shatrughan , Singh Priyanka , Pradeep Avani R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimAlendronate (ALN) has antiresorptive and osteostimulative properties. The major component of aloe vera (AV) gel is acemannan, which has been found to have osteogenic properties. The aim of the present study is to explore the effectiveness of 1% ALN and AV gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in chronic periodontitis patients with class II furcation defects.MethodsNinety volunteers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (a) SRP plus placebo gel; (b) SRP plus 1% ALN gel; and (c) SRP plus AV gel. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and at 6 and 12 months.ResultsThe mean probing depth reduction and relative horizontal clinical attachment level (CAL) and relative vertical CAL gains were greater in the ALN group than in the AV and placebo groups at 6 and 12 months. Furthermore, a significantly greater mean percentage of defect depth reduction (DDR) was found in the ALN group (38.09 ± 9.53, 44.86 ± 6.29) than the AV groups (11.94 ± 15.10, 14.59 ± 25.49) at 6 and 12 months, respectively.ConclusionALN showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters, along with greater DDR, compared to AV in the treatment of class II furcation defects as an adjunct to SRP.
Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Atbashi high‐Punits (KyrgyzCAOB, Tien Shan): Implications for the closure of the Turkestan Ocean and continental subduction–exhumation of the South Kazakh continental margin
Authors: Loury Chloé , Rolland Yann , Guillot Stéphane , Lanari Pierre , Ganino Clément , Melis Raphael , Jourdon Anthony , Petit Carole , Beyssac Olivier , Gallet Sylvain , Monié Patrick 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe South Tien Shan (STS) belt results from the last collision event in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Understanding its formation is of prime importance in the general framework of theCAOB. The Atbashi Range preserves high‐P(HP) rocks along the STS suture, but still, its global metamorphic evolution remains poorly constrained. SeveralHPunits have been identified: (a) a HP tectonic mélange including boudins of mafic eclogites in a sedimentary matrix, (b) a large (>100 km long) high‐Pmetasedimentary unit (HPMU) and (c) a lower blueschist facies accretionary prism. Raman Spectroscopy on carbonaceous material combined with phengite and chlorite multiequilibria and isochemical phase diagram modelling indicates that theHPMUrecorded homogeneousP–Tconditions of 23–25 kbar and 560–570°C along the whole unit.40Ar/39Ar dating on phengite from theHPMUranges between 328 and 319 Ma at regional scale. These ages are interpreted as (re‐) crystallization ages of phengite duringTmaxconditions at a pressure range of 20–25 kbar. Thermobarometry on samples from the HP tectonic mélange provides similar metamorphic peak conditions. Thermobarometry on the blueschist to lower greenschist facies accretionary prism indicates that it underwentP–Tconditions of 5–6 kbar and 290–340°C, highlighting a 17–20 kbar pressure gap between theHPMU‐tectonic mélange units and the accretionary prism. Comparison with available geochronological data suggests a very short time span between the prograde path (340 Ma),HPmetamorphic peak (330 Ma), theTmax(328–319 Ma) and the final exhumation of theHPMU(303–295 Ma). Extrusion of theHPMU, accommodated by a basal thrust and an upper detachment, was driven by buoyant forces from 70–75 km up to 60 km depth, which directly followed continental subduction and detachment of theHPMU. At crustal depths, extrusion was controlled by collisional tectonics up to shallow levels. Lithological homogeneity of theHPMUand its continental‐derived character from the North Tien Shan suggest this unit corresponds to the hyper‐extended continental margin of the Kazakh continent, subducted southward below the north continental active margin of the Tarim craton. Integration of the available geological data allows us to propose a general geodynamic scenario for Tien Shan during the Carboniferous with a combination of (a) N‐dipping subduction below the Kazakh margin of Middle Tien Shan until 390–340 Ma and (b) S‐dipping subduction of remaining Turkestan marginal basins between 340 and 320 Ma.
The effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on the onset of sleep difficulties in infants at 3 months old
Authors: Morales‐Muñoz Isabel , Saarenpää‐Heikkilä Outi , Kylliäinen Anneli , Pölkki Pirjo , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja , Paunio Tiina , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: May 2018

SummarySleep problems in young children are among the most common concerns reported to paediatricians. Sleep is thought to have important regulatory functions, and sleep difficulties in early childhood are linked to several psychosocial and physiological problems. Moreover, several prenatal factors have been found to influence infants’ sleep. Among them, most of the studies have been focused on maternal prenatal depression and/or anxiety as potential risk factors for sleep problems in childhood, whereas other relevant psychological factors during pregnancy have not received as much attention. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effect of several psychiatric maternal risk factors during pregnancy (i.e. symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia, alcohol use, seasonality, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and/or stressful life events) on the onset of some sleep problems related to sleep quality and sleep practices in 3‐month‐old infants. We examined 1,221 cases from a population‐based birth cohort, with subjective measures during pregnancy in mothers, and at 3 months after birth in the infants. The findings showed that all the maternal risk factors during pregnancy, except for symptoms of alcoholism and sleepiness, were related to sleep difficulties in infants. Interestingly, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder symptomatology in mothers during pregnancy was the only variable that predicted more than two sleeping difficulties (i.e. long sleep‐onset latency, co‐sleeping with parents and irregular sleeping routines) at 3 months old. Our results highlight the relevance of maternal risk factors during pregnancy, and not only prenatal depression and/or anxiety, as variables to be considered when examining sleep difficulties in infants.
Reproducibility of gastric emptying assessed with scintigraphy in patients with upper GI symptoms
Authors: Desai A. , O'Connor M. , Neja B. , Delaney K. , Camilleri M. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Bharucha A. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe reproducibility of gastric emptying (GE) measured with scintigraphy in patients is poorly understood. Our aims were to assess the intra and inter‐individual reproducibility of these parameters in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsSixty patients (21 diabetics, 39 non‐diabetics) with upper gastrointestinal symptoms underwent scintigraphic‐assessment of GE of a solid meal (296 kcal, 30% fat) over 4 hours on two occasions at an average interval of 15 days. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), intra and inter‐individual coefficients of variation (COV) of GE endpoints were analyzed.ResultsThe GE t1/2 was 134 ± 8 minutes (mean ± SEM) for the first and 128 ± 6 minutes for the second study. The mean (95% CI) CCC between the two studies was 0.79 (0.67, 0.87) for GE at 1 hour, 0.83 (0.75, 0.9) for GE at 2 hours, 0.54 (0.34, 0.7) for GE at 4 hours, and 0.79 (0.68, 0.86) for GE t1/2. However, in 18 of 60 patients (30%), the characterization of GE as normal, delayed, or rapid differed between the first and second studies. For gastric empting t1/2, the inter‐individual coefficients of variation was 40%; the intra‐individual COV was 20%, comparable in diabetics and non‐diabetics, and greater in patients with rapid (28%) than delayed (18%) or normal GE (12%).Conclusions & InferencesAmong patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms, GE measured with scintigraphy is relatively reproducible. In 30% of cases, the interpretation was different between the two assessments. Hence, a diagnosis of gastroparesis based on a single study may occasionally be inaccurate.
Bayesian networks for evaluating climate change influence in olive crops in Andalusia, Spain
Authors: Ropero Rosa F. , Rumí Rafael , Aguilera Pedro A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOlive crops have become a strategic sector in Andalusia, Spain, providing an element of social cohesion and territorial management, but identified as vulnerable under climate change. Their great socioeconomic importance makes the mitigation of climate change effects an important strategy. The main contribution of this paper is to show the application of Bayesian networks into climate change assessment using the evaluation of its impact over olive system in Andalusia. Both classification and regression models were learnt and validated to predict the potential olive grove distribution under an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario. A lower error rate was obtained for the regression problem compared to classification. Results predict that climate change will lead to changes into the territorial distribution of olive crops, with a movement from the river valley to the uplands due to the impact of the predicted increase in temperatures.Recommendations for Resource Managers
Bayesian networks are a powerful tool that allows dealing with both discrete and continuous data. However, if continuous data are available in order to retrieve all statistical information from them, discretization process should be avoided and original continuous data used for modeling purpose.
Olive cropping area follows an altitudinal gradient from the river bed to the mountainous ranges. The minimum temperature limits the establishment of this crop over certain altitude.
Under the scenario of climate change, the altitudinal gradient is lost and the main expanse of olive groves becomes fragmented into smaller patches. Besides, mountainous areas would reach optimal conditions for olive growth due to the increase in temperatures.
Estimating pediatric general anesthesia exposure: Quantifying duration and risk
Authors: Bartels Devan Darby , McCann Mary Ellen , Davidson Andrew J. , Polaner David M. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Bateman Brian T. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIntroductionUnderstanding the duration of pediatric general anesthesia exposure in contemporary practice is important for identifying groups at risk for long general anesthesia exposures and designing trials examining associations between general anesthesia exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis to estimate pediatric general anesthesia exposure duration during 2010‐2015 using the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry.ResultsA total of 1 548 021 pediatric general anesthetics were included. Median general anesthesia duration was 57 minutes (IQR: 28‐86) with 90th percentile 145 minutes. Children aged <1 year had the longest median exposure duration (79 minutes, IQR: 39‐119) with 90th percentile 210 minutes, and 13.7% of this very young cohort was exposed for >3 hours. High ASA physical status and care at a university hospital were associated with longer exposure times.ConclusionWhile the vast majority (94%) of children undergoing general anesthesia are exposed for <3 hours, certain groups may be at increased risk for longer exposures. These findings may help guide the design of future trials aimed at understanding neurodevelopmental impact of prolonged exposure in these high‐risk groups.