bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing effects of juvenile mortality and dispersal on recruitment
Authors: DRUMMOND FALINE M. , Parker Kevin A. , Lovegrove Tim G. , Armstrong Doug P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDetailed data on juvenile survival are rare in the literature. Although many studies estimate recruitment, if you cannot distinguish between permanent dispersal and mortality, the management implications for a population may be unclear. We estimated juvenile survival in a reintroduced North Island robin (Petroica longipes) population in a protected sanctuary surrounded by an unprotected landscape where the species is extirpated. The population has had marginal population growth due to poor recruitment so we modeled 3 types of data (resighting of fledglings, radio‐telemetry of independent juveniles, resighting of adults) in an integrated framework to determine the life stages where high mortality was occurring, and to distinguish mortality from dispersal. Approximately 16% of birds that fledged (n = 109) were present at the start of the next breeding season, consistent with recruitment rates from previous years. Low survival in the first 6 weeks after fledging was the primary cause of poor recruitment. Only 50% survived to independence (4 weeks after fledging), and 18% survived to the end of the radio‐tracking period (14 weeks), after which juvenile survival matched adult survival. No dispersal from the sanctuary occurred during the radio‐tracking period. Juveniles moved between adjacent forest fragments within the sanctuary, but did not leave the sanctuary. This information, which demonstrates the importance of distinguishing between natal mortality and dispersal, is important for ongoing management of the site and selection of future reintroduction sites for this species. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Satisfaction in Academic Otolaryngology: Do Physician Demographics Impact Press Ganey Survey Scores?
Authors: Tracy Lauren F. , Jabbour Nicolette , Rubin Batsheva R. , Sobin Lindsay B. , Lawlor Claire M. , Basa Krystyne C. , Levi Jessica R. , Tracy Jeremiah C. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisPatient satisfaction is increasingly emphasized and measured in healthcare delivery. However, patient satisfaction is multifactorial and difficult to comprehensively assess. The objective of this study was to assess for correlation between patient satisfaction measured by Press Ganey surveys (PGS) and physician demographics of gender, years in practice, academic rank, and specialty in academic otolaryngology.Study DesignReview of publicly available PGS scores in academic otolaryngology practice.MethodsPublic websites of academic otolaryngology departments were assessed for inclusion of PGS scores. Individual physician profiles were queried for years in practice, academic rank, and specialty. Gender was determined by picture or profile pronouns. Univariate and multivariate analyses compared PGS scores with studied variables.ResultsForty‐seven of 113 (42.8%) academic practices publicly reported physician PGS score. Of 1,360 affiliated otolaryngologists, 742 (54.6%,592 male:150 female) revealed PGS scores. Average PGS score for male and female providers was equivalent (PGS = 4.73, P = .84). There was no significant difference in PGS scores by academic rank (P = .28). A weak statistically significant decrease in mean PGS scores was associated with longer duration of practice (r = −0.11, P = .018). Head and neck oncologic surgeons had higher mean PGS score in comparison to other specialties (PGS = 4.81, P < .05). General/comprehensive otolaryngologists had lower average PGS score (PGS = 4.66) in comparison to specialists (P < .05).ConclusionsPhysician gender and academic rank do not correlate with patient satisfaction in academic otolaryngology as measured by publicly reported PGS scores. Head and neck oncology is rated more highly than other specialties, and physicians in practice for longer demonstrate decreased PGS scores. With PGS scores tied to physician evaluation and reimbursement, investigation into the generalizability of PGS in otolaryngology is warranted.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130: 1902–1906, 2020
The Role of Spirometry and Dyspnea Index in the Management of Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Tie Kevin , Buckmire Robert A. , Shah Rupali N. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the role of spirometry measures and Dyspnea Index (DI) in response to treatment of subglottic stenosis (SGS) and ability to predict need for surgery. We also assessed correlations between spirometry measures, DI, and physical SGS parameters.MethodsThirty‐seven adult female SGS patients were prospectively enrolled. Spirometry data and DI were obtained at serial clinic visits; physical SGS parameters were obtained intraoperatively. PIFR, PEFR, EDI, FEV1/FVC, and DI were compared preoperatively to postoperatively for patients who underwent operative intervention. Spirometry data, DI, and physical SGS parameters were analyzed for correlations, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were created for spirometry measures and DI to determine optimal cutoffs for recommending surgery.ResultsMeans of all measured spirometry measures changed significantly from preoperative to postoperative visits (P < .05). Mean DIs changed significantly between preoperative (27.5, n = 13, SD = 8.6) and postoperative visits (8.6, n = 13, SD = 5.5, P < 5 × 10‐5). All Pearson correlations were negligible to moderate. The area under the curve (AUC) for peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) was 0.903 (95% CI, 0.832–0.974) with cutoff at 2.10 L/s; the AUC for DI was 0.874 (95% CI, 0.791–0.956) with cutoff between 22‐25; the AUC for peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.702–0.910) with cutoff at 2.5 L/s; all other ROC curves were less than good.ConclusionPIFR, PEFR, EDI, FEV1/FVC, and DIs significantly improve after treatment for SGS. No strong correlations exist between spirometry measures, DI, and physical SGS parameters. PIFR was the most sensitive and specific for predicting timing of operative intervention in our cohort.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 2019
Metagenomics coupled with biogeochemical rates measurements provide evidence that nitrate addition stimulates respiration in salt marsh sediments
Authors: Bulseco Ashley N. , Vineis Joseph H. , Murphy Anna E. , Spivak Amanda C. , Giblin Anne E. , Tucker Jane , Bowen Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing has enabled robust shotgun metagenomic sequencing that informs our understanding of the genetic basis of important biogeochemical processes. Slower to develop, however, are the application of these tools in a controlled experimental framework that pushes the field beyond exploratory analysis toward hypothesis‐driven research. We performed flow‐through reactor experiments to examine how salt marsh sediments from varying depths respond to nitrate addition and linked biogeochemical processes to this underlying genetic foundation. Understanding the mechanistic basis of carbon and nitrogen cycling in salt marsh sediments is critical for predicting how important ecosystem services provided by marshes, including carbon storage and nutrient removal, will respond to global change. Prior to the addition of nitrate, we used metagenomics to examine the functional potential of the sediment microbial community that occurred along a depth gradient, where organic matter reactivity changes due to decomposition. Metagenomic data indicated that genes encoding enzymes involved in respiration, including denitrification, were higher in shallow sediments, and genes indicative of resource limitation were greatest at depth. After 92 d of nitrate enrichment, we measured cumulative increases in dissolved inorganic carbon production, denitrification, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; these rates correlated strongly with genes that encode essential enzymes in these important pathways. Our results highlight the importance of controlled experiments in linking biogeochemical rates to underlying genetic pathways. Furthermore, they indicate the importance of nitrate as an electron acceptor in fueling microbial respiration, which has consequences for carbon and nitrogen cycling and fate in coastal marine systems.
An ultrawideband and conformal antenna for wireless capsule endoscopy
Authors: Shang Jiangli , Yu Ying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this article, a conformal antenna with ultrawideband performance is presented for wireless endoscopy applications, operating in industrial scientific, and medical (ISM, 433.1‐434.8 MHz) band. Rigid materials with high dielectric constants are typically used as substrates for implantable inverted‐F antennas (IFAs), but they are not suitable for conformal configurations. In contrast to this, the proposed antenna adopts flexible polyimide as its substrate. The original IFA is designed with a fundamental resonance in the lower band. By embedding an open‐slot between the short point and the feeding point, an additional resonance is excited, simultaneously moving toward the fundamental resonance, thereby achieving a simulation bandwidth of 100%. Finally, the proposed antenna is measured in pork.
Bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization for nonlinear structures under dynamic loads
Authors: Shobeiri Vahid 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis study aims to develop efficient numerical optimization methods for finding the optimal topology of nonlinear structures under dynamic loads. The numerical models are developed using the bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization method for stiffness maximization problems with mass constraints. The mathematical formulation of topology optimization approach is developed based on the element virtual strain energy as the design variable and minimization of compliance as the objective function. The suitability of the proposed method for topology optimization of nonlinear structures is demonstrated through a series of two‐ and three‐dimensional benchmark designs. Several issues relating to the nonlinear structures subjected to dynamic loads such as material, geometric, and contact nonlinearities are addressed in the examples. It is shown that the proposed approach generates more reliable designs for nonlinear structures.
An investigation on requirement and objective allocation strategies using a principal–agent model
Authors: Vermillion Sean D. , Malak Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the dichotomy between system design delegation driven by requirement allocation and delegation driven by objective allocation. Specifically, we investigate this dichotomy through the lens of agency theory, which addresses cases where an agent makes decisions on behalf of another, that is, a principal. In current practice, design delegation largely involves requirement allocation as a means to inform agents of the desirable system characteristics. The value‐driven design paradigm proposes replacing requirements with objective, or trade‐off, functions to better guide agents toward optimal systems. We apply and adapt the principal–agent mathematical model to the design delegation problem to determine if a principal, that is, the delegator, should communicate using requirements or objectives with her agent. In this model, we assume the case of a single principal and single agent where the agent has certain domain knowledge the principal does not have and the agent accrues costs while solving a delegated design problem. Under the assumptions of the mathematical model, we show that the requirement allocation paradigm can yield greater value to the principal over objective despite limitations requirement allocation places on the principal to learn information from the agent. However, relaxing model assumptions can impact the value proposition of requirement allocation in favor of objective allocation. Therefore, a resolution to the requirement–objective dichotomy may be context dependent. The results and the analytical framework used to derive them provide a new, foundational perspective with which to investigate allocation strategies.
Role of pyrophosphate on the degradation of sulfamethoxazole by permanganate combined with different reductants: Positive or negative
Authors: Liu Weifan , Yin Daqiang , Guan Xiaohong , Rao Dandan , Cao Guomin , Sun Yuankui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractActivating permanganate with reductants has gained increasing attention recently for efficient organic contaminants abatement via reactive intermediate Mn species. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the role of pyrophosphate (PP), a typical complexing agent for intermediate Mn species, in activated permanganate systems. In this study, taking sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as a probe compound, the influences of PP on SMX degradation by permanganate/thiosulfate and permanganate/hydroxylamine were extensively studied. It was found that both thiosulfate and hydroxylamine were able to activate permanganate for oxidation of SMX in the absence of PP. However, upon the introduction of PP, opposite effects were observed in the two systems where PP further improved the activation of permanganate by thiosulfate but dampened the performance of permanganate/hydroxylamine markedly. For permanganate/hydroxylamine system, MnO2 was determined to be the only reactive oxidative species accounting for SMX degradation in the absence of PP, and its generation could be completely inhibited by PP. While in permanganate/thiosulfate system, both Mn(V) and MnO2 were responsible for SMX oxidation, and the introduction of PP could strengthen the oxidative ability of Mn(V). These results could shed some insights on the suitability of applying PP to explore the kinetics and mechanisms of manganese involved redox reactions.Practitioner points

Both Na2S2O3 and NH2OH·HCl can activate KMnO4 for SMX removal without PP.

MnO2 is the reactive oxidative species involved in KMnO4/NH2OH·HCl system.

Mn(V) and MnO2 account for the SMX oxidation by KMnO4/Na2S2O3 system.

PP could inhibit the formation of MnO2 but enhance the oxidative ability of Mn(V).
Cover Image, Volume 11, Issue 6
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhou Xiaojun , He Chuanglong 
Published: October 2019

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for tissue‐engineering applications, by Liang Chen, Xiaojun Zhou, Chuanglong He. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1573
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Seeking help for sexual difficulties: findings from a study with older adults in four European countries
Authors: Hinchliff Sharron , Carvalheira Ana Alexandra , Štulhofer Aleksandar , Janssen Erick , Hald Gert Martin , Træen Bente 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSexual well-being is an important part of life for many people aged 60 and older. However, older adults often face barriers to seeking and receiving help for sexual difficulties. This study used data from a probability survey (n = 3820) on sexuality and ageing to examine help-seeking in 60–75-year-olds in Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal. More men (12.2%) than women (6.8%) had sought professional help for a sexual difficulty in the past 5 years. The main reason for help-seeking was that sex was important to the participant and/or their relationship. The main source of professional help was the primary care physician. Of those who had sought professional help, 48% were satisfied or very satisfied with the help received, 31.6% were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and 20.4% were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied. Others had sought help from informal sources, particularly partners, friends, or websites. The main reasons for not seeking professional help included not being distressed by the symptoms, and thinking that the difficulty would clear up on its own. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that significant correlates of seeking professional help for women and men were level of distress about the sexual difficulty. With regard to women, those who were married, and/or from Portugal were more likely to have sought help. And regarding men, those who attended religious services were more likely to have sought professional help. These results have important implications for healthcare and can be used to inform the development and delivery of services for older adults who experience sexual difficulties.
Influence of Technological Parameters on the Isomerization of Geraniol Using Sepiolite
Authors: Fajdek-Bieda Anna , Wróblewska Agnieszka , Miądlicki Piotr , Szymańska Alicja , Dzięcioł Małgorzata , Booth Andy M. , Michalkiewicz Beata 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the current study, the isomerization of geraniol over a natural sepiolite as a catalyst was investigated and optimized. Prior to application in the isomerization process, the physical and chemical properties of sepiolite were characterized using a battery of instrumental techniques, including XRD, nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, SEM, EDXRF, UV–Vis and FT-IR. Results indicated that geraniol isomerization is very complicated due to the large number of reactions taking place. The catalytic studies showed that the main reaction products were β-pinene, ocimenes, linalool, nerol, citrals, thunbergol and isocembrol; all chemical products with commercial applications. The quantity of each of these products depended on the temperature, catalyst content and reaction time employed in the isomerization process. During the current study, these parameters were varied in a step-wise approach over the ranges 80–150 °C (temperature), 5–15 wt% catalyst content and reaction time of 15–1440 min. As linalool is one of the most commercially important reaction products, the geraniol isomerization method was studied to identify conditions producing the highest selectivity for this compound. The most beneficial conditions for geraniol conversion and linalool formation were established as a temperature of 120 °C, catalyst content of 10 wt% and a reaction time of 3 h.

Graphic Abstract
Cultural models of and for urban sustainability: assessing beliefs about Green-Win
Authors: Thornton Thomas F. , Mangalagiu Diana , Ma Yuge , Lan Jing , Yazar Mahir , Saysel Ali Kerem , Chaar Abdel Maoula 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGreen-Win is the proposal where that government, society, and business can all reap benefits while at the same time playing a vital role in the transition to sustainable development and lower carbon futures. We argue that, while the Green-Win proposition is central to many state and expert models of sustainability transitions, as a construction, it belies more complex trade-offs and cognitive models of sustainability and societal transitions. Cultural models are cognitive representations shared by a community which provide bothmodels ofthe world, which aid in interpreting what is in the world, how it works, what is possible (or not) and why, andmodels forthe world, which suggest how to act in it to bring about desired outcomes (cf. Geertz 1973). We surveyed 225 respondents in Shanghai, China, Istanbul, Turkey, and Beirut, Lebanon to assess their basic beliefs about sustainability, specifically whether it is possible to implement concrete practices that realize environmental sustainability goals in conjunction with economic development—the Green-Win proposition. We found important similarities and differences among urban stakeholders’ cultural models of sustainable development. For example, Chinese and Lebanese respondents displayed a strong belief that economic growth and environmental sustainability are compatible, while Turkish respondents showed significant disagreement with this proposition. We argue that such basic notions about the possibility of Green-Win opportunities between environmental sustainability and economic development are important to understand in the context of mitigating and adapting to climate change in critical urban environments. Cultural modelsofandforgreen development may either enable or inhibit transformations in urban systems according to local conditions. Finally, we discuss the potential implications of cultural models’ research for targeting communications and engendering collaborations among diverse stakeholders in order to align perspectives and overcome barriers that may otherwise limit successful visioning, planning, and implementation for transformation towards sustainable development.
Multiscale stochastic optimization: modeling aspects and scenario generation
Authors: Glanzer Martin , Pflug Georg Ch. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Real-world multistage stochastic optimization problems are often characterized by the fact that the decision maker may take actions only at specific points in time, even if relevant data can be observed much more frequently. In such a case there are not only multiple decision stages present but also several observation periods between consecutive decisions, where profits/costs occur contingent on the stochastic evolution of some uncertainty factors. We refer to such multistage decision problems with encapsulated multiperiod random costs, as multiscale stochastic optimization problems. In this article, we present a tailor-made modeling framework for such problems, which allows for a computational solution. We first establish new results related to the generation of scenario lattices and then incorporate the multiscale feature by leveraging the theory of stochastic bridge processes. All necessary ingredients to our proposed modeling framework are elaborated explicitly for various popular examples, including both diffusion and jump models.
Optimum processing parameters for coating polyester with silica nanoparticles using gravity sedimentation
Authors: Lu Zihan , Owens Huw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gao et al. have proposed a facile method of silica nanoparticle synthesis called the solvent varying technique (SVT). Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have been synthesized using the SVT. The diameters of the SNPs produced by these recipes are sensitive to drying temperature especially when they are used to form photonic crystal films on the surface of textiles. The colour appearance of the coated fabrics can be affected by unused reactants from the colloidal suspensions. These form a thin layer on the surface of the SNPs, which can adversely affect the constructive interference of light from the photonic crystal. In this paper, the original SNP solutions have been processed using a centrifuge and solvent replacement technique in order to reduce this problem. A TEM was used to record the morphology of the surface of the original and centrifuged particles. The resultant images show that there were fewer impurities present on the surface of the centrifuged SNPs than that of the original SNPs. DLS was used to measure the diameters and dispersion of the original and the centrifuged particles. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the reflectance of the samples. The chromaticities of the coated fabrics using both the original and centrifuged SNPs dried at a range of temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C) have been compared. It was determined that the centrifuged SNPs could be dried at higher temperatures than previously reported with little effect on the colour appearance of the photonic crystals.
Fracking and infant mortality: fresh evidence from Oklahoma
Authors: Apergis Nicholas , Hayat Tasawar , Saeed Tareq 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the impact of shale gas and oil fracking wells on infants’ health at birth across Oklahoma counties. The empirical analysis makes use of the Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality test, as well as the (long-run) Pooled Mean Group method. The results clearly document that there is a unidirectional relationship between fracking activities and three alternative indexes of infants’ health at birth, as well as a significant impact of fracking on infants’ health indicators. In addition, the results illustrate the substantial role of fracking through the drinking water quality channel.