bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing the fifth generation port concept model: an empirical test
Authors: Lee Paul Tae-Woo , Lam Jasmine Siu Lee , Lin Cheng-Wei , Hu Kai-Chieh , Cheong Inkyo 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the 5GP concept with measurement of the performance of Busan, Hong Kong, Singapore and Shanghai ports, employing a hybrid method of consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR), VIsekriterijumska Optimizacija i KOmpromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and PROMETHEE.Design/methodology/approachThe authors developed the concept of the fifth generation ports (5GPs), and apply CFPR, VIKOR and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) to evaluate the 5GPs.FindingsThe performance of the ports of Hong Kong and Singapore is close to meet the definition of 5GP criteria. On the contrary, ports of Busan and Shanghai are still behind the 5GP stage in light of the majority of the evaluation criteria’s performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper studies four ports. More empirical tests are needed to verify the applicability of the 5GP concept toward other ports.Practical implicationsThe findings provided port managers with the insight of how to improve their port to meet the criteria of 5GP.Social implicationsNew criteria and higher expectations of existing requirements present challenges to port managers for a need to raise the bar of service standards and develop new competencies.Originality/valueThe authors developed the concept of the 5GPs. Newly developed 5GP contributes to expanding the concepts of first to fourth generation ports developed by UNCTAD.
Sports brand positioning
Authors: Lee J. Lucy , Kim Yukyoum , Won June 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the location of sport brands in sport consumers’ minds using a perceptual map of multiple positions; and examine whether there is congruence between the sport brands’ purported images and the targeted consumers’ perception of the brands’ images.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method was used. Four steps of data collections (i.e. face-to-face, focus group interviews, and questionnaires) and analyses (i.e. content analysis, MDS analysis, PROXSCAL analysis, multiple regressions analysis, frequency analysis, and congruence score) were performed.FindingsFour positioning typologies (i.e. great quality equipment, equipment for professionals, innovation, and tradition) were identified; each brand’s positions in consumers’ minds were distinctly portrayed in the perceptual map; and the congruence between intended and perceived positions was found in two brands – Titleist and Ping – implying they established a high position-congruity and providing evidence of positioning effectiveness.Practical implicationsThe findings will aid practitioners and scholars in positioning and its effectiveness: the results provide information for managers to select, implement, and manage effective positioning strategies and the study provides initial evidence about whether companies and their brands are well-positioned in the sport consumer’s perception.Originality/valueThe authors attempt to examine how consumers perceive brands and how effectively brand positions are portrayed in consumers’ minds. The effectiveness and competitiveness of positioning strategies were examined via a perceptional map.
Engaging collaborative communities: dialogue and campus sexual assault
Authors: Madden Stephanie 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
While universities continue to grow increasingly sophisticated in their communication functions, issues like sexual assault continue to pose a challenge. One reason is that these issues are emotional, complex, and often only dealt with at the point that they have become a crisis for the institution. The purpose of this paper is to understand the role that dialogue can play in proactively communicating about issues of sexual assault.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized 32 in-depth interviews with university officials from 21 different universities across the USA with responsibility for communicating about issues of sexual assault, including Title IX officers, victims advocate services, student affairs, and university communications.

Findings
Issues managers worked to create opportunities for dialogue on their campus communities by highlighting shared values. Within a dialogic framework, university issues managers were creating spaces for dialogue and developing alternative forms of engagement in an effort to empower students with the necessary skills to engage in dialogue with their peers. There was a recognition that dialogue is most effective when it is peer-to-peer vs coming from an authoritative or administrative position. Issues managers helped students to develop the skills necessary for engaging in dialogue with each other.

Originality/value
To advance public relations scholarship, there is a need to consider emotional and gendered issues that are often stigmatized. This can help practitioners to develop better, and proactive, communication strategies for handling issues of sexual assault as to avoid negative media attention and work to change organizational culture.
The effects of conventional and unconventional FDI on the host country
Authors: Parc Jimmyn , Jung Jin Sup 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the effects of conventional and unconventional FDI on the host country in a more comprehensive and systematic way.Design/methodology/approachBoth the OLI paradigm and the imbalance theory are linked to the diamond model in order to compare the effects of conventional and unconventional FDI on the host country. This methodology is then applied to the real world as a case study, FDI toward the Korean automobile industry.FindingsConventional FDI is often said to be more beneficial to the host country than the unconventional type. However, the actual effect of unconventional FDI is shown to be more positive with better management and is often larger than perceived. Therefore, unconventional FDI emerges as important as conventional FDI for sustainable economic development.Practical implicationsIn general, unconventional FDI has often been criticized severely because of misperceptions derived from the dominance of conventional FDI on theoretical aspects, incomprehensive perspectives toward assessing the effects of FDI, and negative political views. Therefore, rigorous and holistic case study analyses based on solid analytical tools are needed in order to better understand the effects of unconventional FDI and to draw up effective and proper FDI promotion policies.Originality/valueThis paper provides a way to better understand the effect of unconventional FDI on the host country comprehensively and systematically by expanding and deepening existing theories. Based on this, the effects of conventional and unconventional FDI on the host country are compared theoretically and empirically, particularly with the case of the Korean automobile industry.
Exploring consumer attitudes and purchasing intentions of cross-border online shopping in Korea
Authors: Han Bangwool , Kim Minho , Lee Jaehoon 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Using the theory of planned behavior as its basis, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among beliefs about electronic service quality (E-S-QUAL); consumers’ need for uniqueness (CNFU); and beliefs about perceived behavioral control, expectations of important others, and cross-border online purchasing behavioral intention. The effects of E-S-QUAL and CNFU on attitude are examined with data collected from Korean consumers who have cross-border online purchasing experience.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors evaluate the research model in this study and test the hypotheses using partial least squares, an OLS regression-based estimation method that focuses on predicting independent variables hypothesized to have a causal relationship that maximizes the explanatory variance of the dependent variable.

Findings
Analysis of the data emphasizes that beliefs about E-S-QUAL and CNFU positively affect attitudes toward buying online from international sites, which in turn positively affect purchasing intention. Also, beliefs about self-efficacy and normative structure regarding cross-border online purchasing positively affect behavioral intentions.

Originality/value
This paper develops a conceptual model explaining consumers’ intentions to shop online across national borders. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, none of the previous studies have particularly mentioned the associations between beliefs about e-service quality and actual behavioral intentions in the context of cross-border online shopping. Also, the important role of CNFU has been ignored as one of the factors that can affect consumers’ decisions to shop online beyond national borders. In regard to this matter, the authors aim to investigate cross-border online shopping factors that can help international e-commerce gain a better understanding of the needs of their consumers.
Insider dealer or unknowing participant: HK court of appeal confirms SFC’s broad powers to pursue insider dealing and fraud offences
Authors: Hughes Gareth , Comber James , Austin Emily 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of a recent Court of Appeal case regarding the Securities and Futures Commission’s (SFC’s) powers to seek remedial orders with respect to market misconduct.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper summarises the decision of the Court of First Instance and the judgement on appeal to the Court of Appeal, and the practical implications for financial institutions in preventing and detecting the disclosure and use of confidential material price-sensitive information.

Findings
The Court of Appeal’s decision reconfirms the extensive powers of the SFC to pursue conduct involving insider dealing, including where this involves trading in overseas-listed shares and a substantial measure of the elements of the offence that occurred in Hong Kong. The decision also affirms the breadth of the SFC’s powers to seek remedial orders against anyone involved in such offences, even where the person is unaware of the particular contravention.

Practical implications
Organisations should ensure they have adequate systems and controls established to prevent and detect the disclosure or use by employees of confidential material price-sensitive information, including strong information barriers. Insider dealing policies should also expressly cover both Hong Kong and overseas-listed securities, and employees should be given regular training to ensure that they are aware of their obligations with respect to such inside information.

Originality/value
This paper presents a summary that assesses developments in the case of law regarding the SFC’s powers to pursue remedial orders by experienced contentious regulatory lawyers.
Emotional intelligence, management of subordinate’s emotions, and leadership effectiveness
Authors: Edelman Peter , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address two of the major questions in the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership effectiveness: does EI conceptualized and assessed as an ability influence leadership effectiveness when controlling for cognitive intelligence and Big Five personality traits? And, what are mediating processes in this relationship?

Design/methodology/approach
Ability test data for EI for 84 leaders in an assessment center were used to predict unobtrusive observations of leader responses to subordinate’s emotions in a role play, and expert ratings of leadership effectiveness, controlling for cognitive ability and Big Five personality traits.

Findings
EI predicted the appropriateness of leader responses to subordinate’s emotions, and these responses mediated the relationships of EI and leadership effectiveness, controlling for cognitive ability and Big Five personality traits.

Research limitations/implications
The assessment center context represents a relatively artificial environment and follow-up research in field settings would be particularly valuable.

Practical implications
EI can be assessed as a selection tool for leadership positions. Leadership development programs can also focus on developing the skills associated with EI.

Originality/value
The study provides stronger evidence for the relationship between EI and leadership effectiveness than previous research, bolstering the confidence in conclusions regarding this relationship. The study also contributes to the development of process models of the influence of EI on leadership effectiveness by providing evidence regarding mediation.
The robustness of portfolio efficient frontiers
Authors: Pavlou Antonis , Doumpos Michalis , Zopounidis Constantin 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The optimization of investment portfolios is a topic of major importance in financial decision making, with many relevant models available in the relevant literature. The purpose of this paper is to perform a thorough comparative assessment of different bi-objective models as well as multi-objective one, in terms of the performance and robustness of the whole set of Pareto optimal portfolios.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, three bi-objective models are considered (mean-variance (MV), mean absolute deviation, conditional value-at-risk (CVaR)), as well as a multi-objective model. An extensive comparison is performed using data from the Standard and Poor’s 500 index, over the period 2005–2016, through a rolling-window testing scheme. The results are analyzed using novel performance indicators representing the deviations between historical (estimated) efficient frontiers, actual out-of-sample efficient frontiers and realized out-of-sample portfolio results.

Findings
The obtained results indicate that the well-known MV model provides quite robust results compared to other bi-objective optimization models. On the other hand, the CVaR model appears to be the least robust model. The multi-objective approach offers results which are well balanced and quite competitive against simpler bi-objective models, in terms of out-of-sample performance.

Originality/value
This is the first comparative study of portfolio optimization models that examines the performance of the whole set of efficient portfolios, proposing analytical ways to assess their stability and robustness over time. Moreover, an extensive out-of-sample testing of a multi-objective portfolio optimization model is performed, through a rolling-window scheme, in contrast static results in prior works. The insights derived from the obtained results could be used to design improved and more robust portfolio optimization models, focusing on a multi-objective setting.
Optimal multiobjective design of a vehicle restraint system using pre-acting control
Authors: Moita Paulo Jorge Pires , Aguilar Madeira José Firmino , Valido Aníbal J.J. , Cardoso João Barradas 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to perform the limiting performance analysis of a vehicle restraint system (seat belt) in order to find the optimal control force, and its pre-acting time that minimizes the risk of injury.

Design/methodology/approach
A discrete model of the human thorax is used. A multiobjective optimum design problem is formulated in order to minimize the risk of injuries in case of impact. Several injury criteria are minimized and are required to remain below a safety threshold value.

Findings
The authors found which of the objectives are contradictory and which are not. Several of the optimal sets of design variables are analyzed and their performance compared to one another. The results are also compared to the case of not taking in account the pre-acting time. As expected, the results in this case are worse.

Research limitations/implications
As with all limiting performance analysis, the technological implementation restraints of the control force are not taken into account. As such, the solutions must be considered a benchmark to which the actual solution can be compared to.

Practical implications
The limiting performance analysis concept allows us to have a theoretical benchmark to which the real control performance can be compared to.

Originality/value
As far as the authors know, the pre-acting time, and its implications on the improvement of the performance of the control system, is an original contribution to the problem the authors tried to solve.
Research on e-commerce customer repeat purchase behavior and purchase stickiness
Authors: Lu Meili , Ye Zuoliang , Yan Yufei 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the regularity of the e-commerce customer repeat purchase behavior, and provide new ideas and methods for e-commerce vendor’s e-commerce customer management.

Design/methodology/approach
Through analysis of the priority in activity mechanism and new customers’ dynamic growth in customer’s purchase behavior, this paper builds a model of the customer’s purchase frequency, which can be verified by the empirical data gathered from www.taobao.com, www.jd.com, www.yhd.com and www.amazon.com.

Findings
This paper discovers the regularity that the customer’s purchase frequency obeys power law distribution. Empirical data show that this model can represent the real repeat purchase process well. At the same time, it provides the theoretical basis for the vendor regional management by introducing the concept of stickiness and the corresponding methods of calculation.

Research/limitations/implications
This study only focuses on the basic model of e-commerce customer’s repeat purchase and lack of study on influence factors about the characteristics of different vendors and it needs to make extensions considering fluctuation of new customers, or customer aging and loss.

Practical/implications
This study provides a theoretical basis for vendor to take different marketing strategies through classifying customers based on the characteristic of purchase stickiness.

Originality/value
The definition and calculation method of purchase stickiness is put forward for the first time, and the value of purchase stickiness changes with the number of purchase. It provides the theoretical basis for the vendor regional management, and will be good for further studying the e-commerce market about customer’s purchase behavior.
The impact of corporate environmental responsibility strategy on brand sustainability
Authors: Long Chengzhi , Lin Jing 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThough enormous research studies were conducted on corporate environmental responsibility (CER), few of them could empirically justify how CER helps to improve firm’s competitive advantage and firms are still hesitant to incorporate CER with their business strategy at present. The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically explore how the CER strategy could help the firm to gain competitive advantage in Chinese context, particularly in terms of achieving brand sustainability (BS).Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 310 listed companies in China were chosen as research sample. First, the CER strategies were classified into developing eco-friendly products, adopting EMAS or other eco-management, enhancing the impact of CER through value chain and charitable CER. Second, BS is constructed as two dimensions, i.e. resource-acquisition and consumer impact. Accordingly, this paper analyzed the relationship between CER and BS with regression model analysis, taking account of several moderating and control variables.FindingsThe results indicate that CER strategies have positive effect on BS. Among all CER strategies, developing eco-friendly products and charitable CER undertakings are the most effective ones to promote BS performance. Also, the paper found that the length of time in adopting CER strategy moderates the effect of CER on BS. The empirical evidence proves that CER strategies could enhance the brand value in terms of BS and help the company to gain competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, most of our samples are of the state-owned enterprises, so our assumption might not be applicable to other types of business. Second, corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is an important factor in the relation between CSR and corporate performance, but it is not taken into account in this study. Third, the difference in industries and ownership in this research is out of concern.Practical implicationsAs this paper has provided empirical evidence to reveal the effectiveness of different CER strategies, firms in China could be more motivated to undertake CER not only for the sake of environment but also for their brand value and competitive advantage. More importantly, this paper could be a valuable reference for the firms in China to choose suitable and effective CER strategies, as proved in this study, to gain competitive advantage in the market.Originality/valueAt first, while public environmental awareness has improved gradually, we introduce the BS concept to explain how the CER strategies affect CCA. This approach gives us another perspective to highlight the relationship between these two constructs. Second, we conducted our research from practical perspective to explore how to apply the CER undertakings as the company’s strategy. Third, we conducted our empirical research in Chinese context, which will enrich the theoretical CER and CSR literature.
Doing good deeds at a constant speed
Authors: Zhang Lin , Mo Shenjiang , Chen Honghui 
Published: June 2018

PurposeFrom an institutional perspective, this study empirically examines whether institutional pressures, such as industry pressures and public attention, significantly influence corporate philanthropic disaster responses (CPDRs). Furthermore, this paper aims to examine the moderating role of a company’s prior history of philanthropic donation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses secondhand data from 217 Chinese listed companies that responded philanthropically to the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake.FindingsThis paper finds that both industry pressure and public attention are positively associated with companies’ donations; their prior history of philanthropic donations significantly moderates these relationships such that these relationships become stronger and for companies that have prior histories of small philanthropic donations.Originality/valueFirst, this paper contributes to the philanthropy literature by identifying two kinds of institutional pressures (i.e. industry pressure and public attention) that exert great influences on CPDR contributions. Second, by studying the moderating role of firms’ prior philanthropic history, this study contributes to the understanding of companies’ different reactions to institutional pressures. In addition to the theoretical contribution, this paper encourages companies to proactively establish a sustainable philanthropic giving plan rather than being passively driven by external stakeholders.