bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Millennial-scale Asian monsoon variability during the late Marine Isotope Stage 6 from Hulu Cave, China
Authors: Wang Quan , Wang Yongjin , Shao Qingfeng , Liang Yijia , Zhang Zhenqiu , Kong Xinggong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA precisely 230Th-dated stalagmite δ13C profile from Hulu Cave, China, is presented to characterize the frequency and pattern of millennial-scale Asian monsoon (AM) variability from 160.6 to 132.5 ka. Evidence for an antiphased relationship of the δ13C and δ18O on the millennial scale suggests that the δ13C is indicative of the local hydrological cycle associated with changes in AM strength. Owing to the δ13C responding to AM changes more sensitively than the δ18O, we could identify 15 strong AM events that correlate to cold intervals recorded in Antarctic ice cores within 230Th dating uncertainty. This result supports a dynamic link of AM strength and southern hemispheric climates via the cross-equatorial airflows. Power spectrum analysis shows a predominant periodicity of 1.5–2.5 ka for the δ13C profile, similar to the Dansgaard-Oeschger frequency during the last glacial period. Moreover, the AM events are characterized by rapid transitions at the onset, suggesting that the observed millennial-scale AM variability is likely forced by northern high-latitude climates via north–south shifts of the Intertropical Convergence Zone associated with the bipolar seesaw mechanism. As evidence for a common mechanism for ice age terminations, a strong AM event (~134 ka) surrounding Termination II is analogous to the Bølling-Allerød warming interval.
Warriors and States: Military labour in southern India, circa 1750–1800
Authors: VARTAVARIAN MESROB 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe consolidation of numerous regional polities in the aftermath of Mughal imperial decline presented favourable socioeconomic opportunities for South Asian service communities. Protracted armed conflicts in southern India allowed a variety of mercenaries, soldiers, and war bands to accumulate resources in exchange for mobilizing manpower on behalf of states with weak standing armies. This article focuses on British imperial efforts to obtain sufficient quantities of military labour during its struggle with the Mysore sultanate. As the sultanate assumed an increasingly hostile attitude towards independent warrior power, local strongmen sought more amenable arrangements with alternate entities. The British East India Company received crucial support from autonomous warrior groups during its southern wars of conquest. Warriors in turn utilized British resources to consolidate local sovereignties. Thus, the initial British intrusion into peninsular Indian society further fragmented the political landscape by patronizing petty military entrepreneurs.
Selective role for the COMT polymorphism in a trans-diagnostic compulsivity phenotype
Authors: Chamberlain Samuel R. , Grant Jon E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity and compulsivity are central to understanding a range of psychiatric disorders but also to understanding the spectrum of normative human behavior. It was recently shown that separable latent phenotypes of impulsivity and compulsivity could be fractionated. The possible genetic contributions to these latent phenotypes have yet to be elicited. The catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) regulates cortical dopamine degradation and is a key area of interest in this context.MethodsCOMT Val158Met polymorphism status was obtained from a random subset (n = 258) of young adults from an established cohort, for whom latent phenotype scores were previously reported. Differences in latent phenotype scores were explored between COMT groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc t tests.ResultsThe Val-Val subgroup exhibited significantly elevated compulsivity scores compared to both other groups. Impulsivity scores did not differ significantly as a function of COMT Val158Met polymorphism status.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the COMT polymorphism, and by implication cortical dopamine degradation, influences the expression of a trans-diagnostic compulsivity phenotype, even accounting for possible confounding effects of impulsivity.
Longitudinal Changes in Resting State Connectivity and White Matter Integrity in Adolescents With Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Murdaugh Donna L. , King Tricia Z. , Sun Binjian , Jones Richard A. , Ono Kim E. , Reisner Andrew , Burns Thomas G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in functional connectivity, white matter integrity, and cognitive abilities due to sports-related concussion (SRC) in adolescents using a prospective longitudinal design. Methods: We assessed male high school football players (ages 14–18) with (n=16) and without (n=12) SRC using complementary resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along with cognitive performance using the Immediate Post-Concussive Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT). We assessed both changes at the acute phase (<7 days post-SRC) and at 21 days later, as well as, differences between athletes with SRC and age- and team-matched control athletes. Results: The results revealed rs-fMRI hyperconnectivity within posterior brain regions (e.g., precuneus and cerebellum), and hypoconnectivity in more anterior areas (e.g., inferior and middle frontal gyri) when comparing SRC group to control group acutely. Performance on the ImPACT (visual/verbal memory composites) was correlated with resting state network connectivity at both time points. DTI results revealed altered diffusion in the SRC group along a segment of the corticospinal tract and the superior longitudinal fasciculus in the acute phase of SRC. No differences between the SRC group and control group were seen at follow-up imaging. Conclusions: Acute effects of SRC are associated with both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity, with disruption of white matter integrity. In addition, acute memory performance was most sensitive to these changes. After 21 days, adolescents with SRC returned to baseline performance, although chronic hyperconnectivity of these regions could place these adolescents at greater risk for secondary neuropathological changes, necessitating future follow-up. (JINS, 2018, 24, 781–792)
Lateral Rheology Differences in the Lithosphere and Dynamics as Revealed by Magnetotelluric Imaging at the Northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xiao Qibin , Yu Guo , Shao Guihang , Li Man , Wang Jijun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferences in topography and surface deformation in the northern Tibetan Plateau may reflect variable rheology in the lithosphere. Whether middle to lower crustal flow exists below the region between the eastern Kunlun Shan range and the Qaidam Basin remains debated. We provide electrical resistivity images of three new magnetotelluric (MT) profiles across the Qiman Tagh and the western Qaidam Basin. The new models reveal low‐resistivity anomalies below the Qaidam Basin in the lower crust and generally high‐resistivity crust in the Qiman Tagh range. A low‐resistivity anomaly at the uppermost‐mantle level is imaged below the Qiman Tagh range in the profile close to the Altyn Tagh Fault. This anomaly is possibly connected with partial melting in the lower portion of the thickened Songpan‐Ganzi crust close to the southern end of the study area; the minimum requirements for the low‐resistivity anomaly below the Qiman Tagh are 0.05 wt% water content or 0.02 melt fraction, which may greatly decrease the effective viscosity in the uppermost‐mantle rocks and allow flowing. Consequently, we propose that the crustal flow is not mature below the Kunlun Shan range south of the Qaidam Basin because no continuous and stable low‐resistivity anomaly was imaged at this level. The uppermost‐mantle low‐resistivity anomaly below the Qiman Tagh is a passage that allows the continuous northward transfer of materials in the interior of the plateau. This low‐resistivity channel shallows northward and reaches the lower crust of the southwestern Qaidam Basin.
Are STEREO Single Hits Dust Impacts?
Authors: Kellogg P. J. , Goetz K. , Monson S. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA certain type of impulsive signal in the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) electric field data has been identified as impacts of small dust, nanodust, entrained by the solar wind and accelerated to solar wind speeds, so that their speed compensates, in the emitted cloud, for their small size. It is argued here that these signals, called single hit signals, are not due to nanodust nor to dust impacts at all, as they have some characteristics which are not compatible with random hits by interplanetary and interstellar dust. The major observational data for the flux of nanodust are then in question. Another cause of these signals, however, is not given, and their cause is unknown.
The Vortex State in Geologic Materials: A Micromagnetic Perspective
Authors: Lascu Ioan , Einsle Joshua F. , Ball Matthew R. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA wide variety of Earth and planetary materials are very good recorders of paleomagnetic information. However, most magnetic grains in these materials are not in the stable single domain grain size range but are larger and in nonuniform vortex magnetization states. We provide a detailed account of vortex phenomena in geologic materials by simulating first‐order reversal curves (FORCs) via finite‐element micromagnetic modeling of magnetite nanoparticles with realistic morphologies. The particles have been reconstructed from focused ion beam nanotomography of magnetite‐bearing obsidian and accommodate single and multiple vortex structures. Single vortex (SV) grains have fingerprints with contributions to both the transient and transient‐free zones of FORC diagrams. A fundamental feature of the SV fingerprint is a central ridge, representing a distribution of negative saturation vortex annihilation fields. SV irreversible events at multiple field values along different FORC branches determine the asymmetry in the upper and lower lobes of generic bulk FORC diagrams of natural materials with grains predominantly in the vortex state. Multivortex (MV) FORC signatures are modeled here for the first time. MV grains contribute mostly to the transient‐free zone of a FORC diagram, averaging out to create a broad central peak. The intensity of the central peak is higher than that of the lobes, implying that MV particles are more abundant than SV particles in geologic materials with vortex state fingerprints. The abundance of MV particles, as well as their single domain‐like properties point to MV grains being the main natural remanent magnetization carriers in geologic materials.
Geothermal Heating in the Panama Basin: 1. Hydrography of the Basin
Authors: Banyte D. , Morales Maqueda M. , Hobbs R. , Smeed D. A. , Megann A. , Recalde S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Panama Basin serves as a laboratory to investigate abyssal water upwelling. The basin has only a single abyssal water inflow pathway through the narrow Ecuador Trench. The estimated critical inflow through the Trench reaches 0.34 ± 0.07 m/s, resulting in an abyssal water volume inflow of 0.29 ± 0.07 Sv. The same trench carries the return flow of basin waters that starts just 200 m above the bottom and is approximately 400‐m deeper than the depth of the next possible deep water exchange pathway at the Carnegie Ridge Saddle. The curvature of temperature‐salinity diagrams is used to differentiate the effect of geothermal heating on the deep Panama Basin waters that was found to reach as high as 2,200‐m depth, which is about 500 m above the upper boundary of the abyssal water layer.
Geothermal Heating in the Panama Basin. Part II: Abyssal Water Mass Transformation
Authors: Banyte D. , Morales Maqueda M. , Smeed D. A. , Megann A. , Hobbs R. , Recalde S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiabatic upwelling of abyssal waters is investigated in the Panama Basin employing the water mass transformation framework of Walin (). We find that, in large areas of the basin, the bottom boundary layer is very weakly stratified and extends hundreds of meters above the sea floor. Within the weakly stratified bottom boundary layer, neutral density layers intercept the bottom of the basin. The area of these density layer incrops increases gradually as the abyssal waters become lighter. Large incrop areas are associated with strong diabatic upwelling of abyssal water, geothermal heating being the largest buoyancy source. While a significant amount of water mass transformation is due to extreme turbulence downstream of the Ecuador Trench, the only abyssal water inflow passage, water mass transformation across the upper boundary of abyssal water layer is accomplished almost entirely by geothermal heating.
Single capillary oximetry and tissue ultrastructural sensing by dual-band dual-scan inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography
Authors: Liu Rongrong , Winkelmann James A. , Spicer Graham , Zhu Yunxiao , Eid Aya , Ameer Guillermo A. , Backman Vadim , Yi Ji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMeasuring capillary oxygenation and the surrounding ultrastructure can allow one to monitor a microvascular niche and better understand crucial biological mechanisms. However, capillary oximetry and pericapillary ultrastructure are challenging to measure in vivo. Here we demonstrate a novel optical imaging system, dual-band dual-scan inverse spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (D2-ISOCT), that, for the first time, can simultaneously obtain the following metrics in vivo using endogenous contrast: (1) capillary-level oxygen saturation and arteriolar-level blood flow rates, oxygen delivery rates, and oxygen metabolic rates; (2) spatial characteristics of tissue structures at length scales down to 30 nm; and (3) morphological images up to 2 mm in depth. To illustrate the capabilities of D2-ISOCT, we monitored alterations to capillaries and the surrounding pericapillary tissue (tissue between the capillaries) in the healing response of a mouse ear wound model. The obtained microvascular and ultrastructural metrics corroborated well with each other, showing the promise of D2-ISOCT for becoming a powerful new non-invasive imaging tool.
Optical metasurfaces: new generation building blocks for multi-functional optics
Authors: Neshev Dragomir , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOptical metasurfaces (OMs) have emerged as promising candidates to solve the bottleneck of bulky optical elements. OMs offer a fundamentally new method of light manipulation based on scattering from resonant nanostructures rather than conventional refraction and propagation, thus offering efficient phase, polarization, and emission control. This perspective highlights state of the art OMs and provides a roadmap for future applications, including active generation, manipulation and detection of light for quantum technologies, holography and sensing.
The genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease beyond APOE ε4: systematic review of Alzheimer’s genetic risk scores
Authors: Stocker Hannah , Möllers Tobias , Perna Laura , Brenner Hermann 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is the strongest known genetic risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but does not account for the entirety of genetic risk. Genetic risk scores (GRSs) incorporating additional genetic variants have been developed to determine the genetic risk for AD, yet there is no systematic review assessing the contribution of GRSs for AD beyond the effect of APOE ε4. The purpose of this systematic PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses)-based review was to summarize original research studies that have developed and validated a GRS for AD utilizing associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched on April 6, 2018 and screening was completed on 2018 citations by two independent reviewers. Eighteen studies published between 2010 and 2018 were included in the review. All GRSs expressed significant associations or discrimination capability of AD when compared to clinically normal controls; however, GRS prediction of MCI to AD conversion was mixed. APOE ε4 status was more predictive of AD than the GRSs, although the GRSs did add to AD prediction accuracy beyond APOE ε4. GRSs might contribute to identifying genetic risk of AD beyond APOE. However, additional studies are warranted to assess the performance of GRSs in independent longitudinal cohorts.
Real-time in vivo two-photon imaging study reveals decreased cerebro-vascular volume and increased blood-brain barrier permeability in chronically stressed mice
Authors: Lee Sohee , Kang Bok-Man , Kim Jae Hwan , Min Jiwoong , Kim Hyung Seok , Ryu Hyunwoo , Park Hyejin , Bae Sungjun , Oh Daehwan , Choi Myunghwan , Suh Minah 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChronic stress disrupts brain homeostasis and adversely affects the cerebro-vascular system. Even though the effects of chronic stress on brain system have been extensively studied, there are few in vivo dynamic studies on the effects of chronic stress on the cerebro-vascular system. In this study, the effects of chronic stress on cerebral vasculature and BBB permeability were studied using in vivo two-photon (2p) microscopic imaging with an injection of fluorescence-conjugated dextran. Our real-time 2p imaging results showed that chronic stress reduced the vessel diameter and reconstructed vascular volume, regardless of vessel type and branching order. BBB permeability was investigated with two different size of tracers. Stressed animals exhibited a greater BBB permeability to 40-kDa dextran, but not to 70-kDa dextran, which is suggestive of weakened vascular integrity following stress. Molecular analysis revealed significantly higher VEGFa mRNA expression and a reduction in claudin-5. In summary, chronic stress decreases the size of cerebral vessels and increases BBB permeability. These results may suggest that the sustained decrease in cerebro-vascular volume due to chronic stress leads to a hypoxic condition that causes molecular changes such as VEGF and claudin-5, which eventually impairs the function of BBB.
PirVP genes causing AHPND identified in a new Vibrio species (Vibrio punensis) within the commensal Orientalis clade
Authors: Restrepo Leda , Bayot Bonny , Arciniegas Sebastián , Bajaña Leandro , Betancourt Irma , Panchana Fanny , Reyes Muñoz Alejandro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) has extended rapidly, causing alarming shrimp mortalities. Initially, the only known causative agent wasVibrio parahaemolyticuscarrying a plasmid coding for the mortal toxinsPirVP. Recently, it has been found that the plasmid and hence the disease, could be transferred among members of theHarveyiclade. The current study performs a genomic characterization of an isolate capable of developing AHPND in shrimp. Mortality studies and molecular and histopathological analyses showed the infection capacity of the strain. Multilocus sequence analysis placed the bacteria as a member of theOrientalisclade, well known for containing commensal and even probiotic bacteria used in the shrimp industry. Further whole genome comparative analyses, includingVibriospecies from theOrientalisclade, and phylogenomic metrics (TETRA, ANI and DDH) showed that the isolate belongs to a previously unidentified species, now namedVibrio punensis sp. nov. strain BA55. Our findings show that the gene transfer capacity ofVibriospecies goes beyond the clade classification, demonstrating a new pathogenic capacity to a previously known commensal clade. The presence of these genes in a differentVibrioclade may contribute to the knowledge of theVibriopathogenesis and has major implications for the spread of emerging diseases.
OncomiR-10b hijacks the small molecule inhibitor linifanib in human cancers
Authors: Monroig-Bosque Paloma del C. , Shah Maitri Y. , Fu Xiao , Fuentes-Mattei Enrique , Ling Hui , Ivan Cristina , Nouraee Nazila , Huang Beibei , Chen Lu , Pileczki Valentina , Redis Roxana S. , Jung Eun-Jung , Zhang Xinna , Lehrer Michael , Nagvekar Rahul , Mafra Ana Carolina P. , Monroig-Bosque Maria del Mar , Irimie Alexandra , Rivera Carlos , Dan Dumitru Calin , Berindan-Neagoe Ioana , Nikonowicz Edward P. , Zhang Shuxing , Calin George A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pervasive role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer pathobiology drives the introduction of new drug development approaches such as miRNA inhibition. In order to advance miRNA-therapeutics, meticulous screening strategies addressing specific tumor targets are needed. Small molecule inhibitors represent an attractive goal for these strategies. In this study, we devised a strategy to screen for small molecule inhibitors that specifically inhibit, directly or indirectly, miR-10b (SMIRs) which is overexpressed in metastatic tumors. We found that the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor linifanib could significantly inhibit miR-10b and reverse its oncogenic function in breast cancer and liver cancer both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we showed that the efficacy of linifanib to inhibit tyrosine kinases was reduced by high miR-10b levels. When the level of miR-10b is high, it can “hijack” the linifanib and reduce its kinase inhibitory effects in cancer resulting in reduced anti-tumor efficacy. In conclusion, our study describes an effective strategy to screen for small molecule inhibitors of miRNAs. We further propose that miR-10b expression levels, due to the newly described “hijacking” effect, may be used as a biomarker to select patients for linifanib treatment.
ALS-causing mutations in profilin-1 alter its conformational dynamics: A computational approach to explain propensity for aggregation
Authors: Kiaei Mahmoud , Balasubramaniam Meenakshisundaram , Govind Kumar Vivek , Shmookler Reis Robert J. , Moradi Mahmoud , Varughese Kottayil I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProfilin-1 (PFN1) is a 140-amino-acid protein with two distinct binding sites―one for actin and one for poly-L-proline (PLP). The best-described function of PFN1 is to catalyze actin elongation and polymerization. Thus far, eight DNA mutations in the PFN1 gene encoding the PFN1 protein are associated with human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We and others recently showed that two of these mutations (Gly118Val or G118V and Cys71Gly or C71G) cause ALS in rodents. In vitro studies suggested that Met114Thr and Thr109Met cause the protein to behave abnormally and cause neurotoxicity. The mechanism by which a single amino acid change in human PFN1 causes the degeneration of motor neurons is not known. In this study, we investigated the structural perturbations of PFN1 caused by each ALS-associated mutation. We used molecular dynamics simulations to assess how these mutations alter the secondary and tertiary structures of human PFN1. Herein, we present our in silico data and analysis on the effect of G118V and T109M mutations on PFN1 and its interactions with actin and PLP. The substitution of valine for glycine reduces the conformational flexibility of the loop region between the α-helix and β-strand and enhances the hydrophobicity of the region. Our in silico analysis of T109M indicates that this mutation alters the shape of the PLP-binding site and reduces the flexibility of this site. Simulation studies of PFN1 in its wild type (WT) and mutant forms (both G118V and T109M mutants) revealed differential fluctuation patterns and the formation of salt bridges and hydrogen bonds between critical residues that may shed light on differences between WT and mutant PFN1. In particular, we hypothesize that the flexibility of the actin- and PLP-binding sites in WT PFN1 may allow the protein to adopt slightly different conformations in its free and bound forms. These findings provide new insights into how each of these mutations in PFN1 might increase its propensity for misfolding and aggregation, leading to its dysfunction.