bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fosphenytoin for control of electrical storm in acute myocardial infarction and Purkinje fiber‐mediated arrhythmias
Authors: Rai Maneesh K. , Pai Narasimha , Patel Kashyap , Prabhu Mukund A. , Marla Jayashanker , Kamath Padmanabh , Kamath Ramanath L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPurkinje fiber‐mediated arrhythmias in the setting of acute myocardial infarction are poorly responsive to conventional antiarrhythmic therapy, increases overall mortality and often requires radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for control. In this study, we report the use of intravenous Fosphenytoin for the control of arrhythmic storm in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Methods and resultsSix patients with acute myocardial infarction (5 AW/1 LW) and Purkinje‐triggered ventricular arrhythmias refractory to conventional antiarrhythmics were treated with intravenous Fosphenytoin before considering RFA. Arrhythmia control was obtained in all patients after the initial bolus dose. Breakthrough episodes were seen in 5/6 within 24–36 hours of the initial bolus, necessitating a second bolus. Complete arrhythmia control was obtained in all patients within 72 hours and 5/6 patients were successfully discharged from the hospital. One patient succumbed to sepsis in hospital while another patient succumbed to Sub Dural Hematoma after 3 months.ConclusionsIntravenous Fosphenytoin should be considered before RFA for control of Purkinje fiber‐mediated refractory arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction patients.
Flat Emergence
Authors: Sartenaer Olivier 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe main contention of this article is that current approaches to ontological emergence are not comprehensive, in that they share a common bias that make them blind to some conceptual space available to emergence. In this article, I devise an alternative perspective on ontological emergence called ‘flat emergence’, which is free of such a bias. The motivation is twofold: not only does flat emergence constitute another viable way to fulfill the initial emergentist promise, but it also allows for making sense of some emergence ascriptions that traditional accounts are unable to accommodate.
Prenatal predictors of neonatal intensive care unit admission due to respiratory distress
Authors: Kitano Taito , Takagi Kumiko , Arai Ikuyo , Yasuhara Hajime , Ebisu Reiko , Ohgitani Ayako , Minowa Hideki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdmission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to respiratory distress is determined according to subjective clinician judgement. We investigated prenatal factors predictive of NICU admission in neonates with respiratory distress.MethodsThis case–control study was conducted at Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan, from February 2013 to April 2017 and included neonates with birthweight ≥2,000 g, ≥36 weeks of gestational age, who required oxygen due to respiratory distress at birth. The cases consisted of neonates admitted to the NICU, and the control group consisted of neonates who did not require NICU admission. Perinatal factors between the groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis carried out to evaluate predictive factors.ResultsThe NICU group consisted of 94 neonates, and the control group, 417 neonates during the period reviewed. On multivariate analysis, maternal anemia (OR, 2.97; 95%CI: 1.42–6.21), infertility treatment (OR, 2.79; 95%CI: 1.36–5.71), threatened preterm labor (OR, 2.16; 95%CI: 1.10–4.23), premature rupture of membranes (OR, 5.30, 95%CI: 2.52–11.17), fibroids (OR, 6.06; 95%CI: 1.57–23.41), history of uterine surgery (OR, 3.53, 95%CI: 1.13–11.06), abruptio placentae (OR, 10.21; 95%CI: 1.83–57.17), intrauterine growth restriction (OR, 6.69; 95%CI: 1.96–22.85), and having twins (OR, 0.23; 95%CI: 0.09–0.58) were significant prenatal predictors of NICU admission.ConclusionFactors that potentially predict NICU admission were identified. Clinicians may wish to consider these factors when treating neonates with respiratory distress.
Urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products measured using an anti‐fibrinogen antibody predict orthostatic proteinuria
Authors: Kanai Hiroaki , Sawanobori Emi , Kobayashi Anna , Goto Miwa , Higashida Kosuke , Sugita Kanji 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (uFDP) measured using an anti‐fibrinogen antibody in patients with orthostatic proteinuria (OP), and their use in differentiating between OP and glomerulonephritis (GN).MethodsuFDP were measured using first urine in the morning (supine) and non‐first urine during a hospital visit (upright) and then normalized to urine creatinine (uFDP/Cr, ng/mgCr). We compared (i) OP patients (n = 16); (ii) those in remission from nephrotic syndrome (NS, n = 14) and from GN (IgA nephropathy [IgAN], n = 14; Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis [HSPN], n = 12); and (iii) those with active GN (IgAN, n = 12; HSPN, n = 19).ResultsThe uFDP/Cr ratio increased from supine to upright urine in patients with OP (P < 0.001), but decreased in one case. uFDP were excreted in supine urine in 94% of OP patients, with no excretion in NS remission patients or in 92% of GN remission patients (P < 0.001 for both). uFDP/Cr in supine urine was similar between the OP and active GN patients (P = 0.40), whereas proteinuria in supine urine was in the normal range in all OP patients, but was significantly higher in upright urine in the OP patients (P < 0.001). In upright urine, urinary protein/creatinine ratio was significantly lower in patients with OP than in those with active GN (P = 0.005). A uFDP/Cr ratio cut‐off of 1,108 ng/mgCr in upright urine correctly differentiated OP from active GN, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 100%.ConclusionComparison of uFDP levels in supine/upright urine can be reliable for diagnosing OP and for differentiating it from active GN.
Clinical features of, and association of bladder ultrasound and uroflowmetry with, overactive bladder recovery period in children
Authors: Fuyama Masaki , Ikeda Hirokazu , Oyake Chisato , Onuki Yuta , Watanabe Tsuneki , Isoyama Keiichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOveractive bladder (OAB) is a symptomatic syndrome defined by urinary urgency, usually accompanied by increased urination frequency and nocturia, with or without urinary incontinence. The prevalence of pediatric OAB in 5–13 year olds is as high as 16.6%, but the pathophysiology and epidemiology have not been sufficiently elucidated.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records in 117 children with OAB aged between 5 and 15 years during the years 2012–2016. At initial presentation, abdominal ultrasound and uroflowmetry were performed, and behavioral modifications, such as timed voiding, and constipation therapy were initiated. If there was no response after 4 weeks, antimuscarinic treatment was added. We evaluated the clinical features of OAB and factors related to the recovery period, which was defined as the period from the start of behavioral modifications to cure.ResultsThe average recovery period was 11.9 ± 9.73 months. There was no significant difference in the recovery period according to age, gender, percentage of urination frequency, nocturnal enuresis, or constipation. The recovery period was significantly shorter in the group with bladder wall thickness ≥5 mm than with bladder wall thickness <5 mm. Children with a tower‐shaped curve on uroflowmetry had a significantly shorter recovery period than those with a bell‐shaped curve.ConclusionsBladder wall thickness and uroflow curve shape are related to the recovery period of pediatric OAB.
Physical activity modifies the FTO effect on body mass index change in Japanese adolescents
Authors: Shinozaki Keiko , Okuda Masayuki , Okayama Naoko , Kunitsugu Ichiro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of the effects of fat mass and obesity‐associated (FTO) variation and long‐term effects of physical activity (PA) on adiposity in adolescents is largely scarce. This study therefore investigated whether PA modulates the effects of the FTO on body mass index (BMI) changes in Japanese adolescents between the ages of 13 and 18 years.MethodsData on 343 subjects (156 boys; 187 girls) who were enrolled in 2006 and 2007 at schools in Shunan City, Japan, were collected. Genotyping (rs1558902) was conducted, and anthropometry and blood test results were recorded for subjects in the eighth grade. A second survey involving self‐reporting of anthropometry was conducted when the subjects were in the 12th grade. PA was estimated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. BMI and the standard deviation score for BMI (BMI‐SDS) were calculated. BMI changes and BMI‐SDS changes were compared between FTO genotypes using a multivariate model.ResultsThe effect of the interaction between PA and the FTO genotype on BMI changes was significant in boys but not in girls. In boys, PA had a significant negative influence on BMI‐SDS changes in those with the AA genotype and a significant positive influence on BMI and BMI‐SDS changes in those with the TT genotype.ConclusionThe influence of PA on BMI change and BMI‐SDS change varies on the basis of genotype. PA modified the effect of FTO on BMI change in Japanese boys.
Maximization of calcium and phosphate in neonatal total parenteral nutrition
Authors: Maruyama Hidehiko , Saito Jumpei , Nagai Miki , Mochizuki Mai , Ishikawa Yoichi , Ito Yushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate calcium and phosphate supplementation is essential for bone growth in preterm infants. Using Rehabix‐K2™ (AY Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo, Japan) and Pleamin‐P Injection™ (Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Osaka, Japan) as the total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and amino acid solution, respectively, we investigated ways of maximizing calcium and phosphate in the TPN solution.MethodsRehabix‐K2, Pleamin‐P, calcium gluconate, sodium phosphate, 50% glucose, and water were mixed in varying proportions to create 16 formulations. Precipitation assessment was done three times for each of the 16 formulations, and was based on the Japanese Pharmacopeia.ResultPrecipitation was observed 24 h after mixing when the calcium and phosphate were 60 mEq/L and 30 mmol/L or 80 mEq/L and 40 mmol/L, respectively. No precipitation was observed when the calcium and phosphate were 20 mEq/L and 10 mmol/L, respectively. Precipitation was observed once out of three times, when the calcium and phosphate were 40 mEq/L and 20 mmol/L, respectively, and the amino acids were 2% and 3% (mean pH, 6.13 and 6.26, respectively). No precipitation was observed, however, when the calcium and phosphate were 40 mEq/L and 20 mmol/L, respectively, and the amino acids were 0% and 1% (mean pH, 5.88 and 6.05, respectively).ConclusionNot only the concentration of calcium and phosphate, but also the pH of the TPN solution, are crucial factors for precipitation. Based on these results, a well‐balanced TPN solution maximizing calcium and phosphate availability will be able to be formulated.
High incidence of BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis in children after second or third allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Kato Itaru , Kawaguchi Koji , Tasaka Keiji , Kamitori Tatsuya , Ogata Hideto , Mikami Takashi , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Saito Ryoichi , Ogawa Osamu , Takahashi Takayuki , Adachi Souichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBKV‐HC is a serious complication of allogeneic HSCT. To characterize the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of post‐HSCT BKV‐HC, we retrospectively analyzed 112 patients who underwent one or more allogeneic HSCTs at our hospital between 2001 and 2017. Twenty underwent second or third HSCT thereafter. Ten patients developed BKV‐HC at a median of 30 days after HSCT. The 100‐day cumulative incidences of grade 0‐4 and grade 2‐4 BKV‐HC were 7.8% and 6.2%, respectively. HSCTs performed in 2011‐2017 associated with significantly higher 100‐day cumulative incidence of grade 2‐4 BKV‐HC (14.0%) than HSCTs performed in 2001‐2010 (1.3%, P = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, second or third HSCT was the only independent significant risk factor for development of grade 2‐4 BKV‐HC (P = 0.015). Serial PCR monitoring of urine and blood BKV load did not predict BKV‐HC. The recent increase in the incidence of BKV‐HC may reflect recent innovations in transplant technologies that facilitate second or third HSCT, which are known to cause prolonged immune deficiency. If safe and effective treatment or prophylaxis becomes available, it could be used to target the high‐risk patients for BKV‐HC.
Biliary drainage as treatment for allograft steatosis following liver transplantation for PFIC‐1 disease: A single‐center experience
Authors: Alrabadi Leina S. , Morotti Raffaella A. , Valentino Pamela L. , Rodriguez‐Davalos Manuel I. , Ekong Udeme D. , Emre Sukru H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDevelopment of macrovesicular steatosis post–LT in patients with PFIC‐1 is increasingly being observed, with the etiology not fully understood. We highlight successful and effective EBD for reversal of allograft steatosis in 2 patients with PFIC‐1 disease and discuss our experience with internal biliary diversion in this patient population.
Mary Jane Rocks the Vote: The Impact of Climate Context on Support for Cannabis Initiatives
Authors: Branton Regina , McGauvran Ronald J. 
Published: April 2018

Recent research on direct democracy has focused on the spatial component of voter decision making, finding that when the benefits from a proposed initiative are geographically dependent, support for the initiative in that area increases. However, the existing research has yet to fully specify the factors that lead to benefits for geographically adjacent individuals. Using a unique wave of direct democracy initiatives, and developing a new measure for “climate context,” we test the link between climates favorable for cultivation and the support for the legalization of recreational cannabis. Employing spatial regression analysis and geographically specific voting data for ballot measures in Arizona, California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington from 2010 to 2016, we find there is an observable relationship between climate and support for legalization, indicating that when climate attributes are favorable for cultivation, support for these measures increase. Our findings suggest that climate context is an important, and previously unspecified, factor for ballot measures with a climatic component.Related ArticlesSmith‐Walter,Aaron,Holly L.Peterson,Michael D.Jones, andAshley NicoleReynolds Marshall.2016. “.”Politics & Policy44():1053‐1088.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12187/fullGash,Alison, andMichael H.Murakami.2015. “.”Politics & Policy43():679‐722.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12128/fullDyck,Joshua J., andAnnikaHagley.2012. “.”Politics & Policy40():195‐200.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00346.x/fullRelated Media.2017. “Support for Marijuana Legalization Reaches a Record High—and Even a Majority of Republicans Back It.”http://www.businessinsider.com/support-for-weed-legalization-just-hit-an-all-time-high-2017-10Factsheet:Harkinson,Josh,BrettBrownell, andJuliaLurie.2014. “.”Mother Jones. March/April.http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/marijuana-pot-weed-statistics-climate-change/Film Clip:Brownell,Brett.2017. “Half‐Baked Idea? Legalizing Marijuana Will Help the Environment.”https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/would-legalizing-pot-be-good-for-environment/
Bureaucratic Politics and the Implementation of Liberalization Reforms in Nigeria: A Study of the Unbundling and Reorganization of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
Authors: Ikeanyibe Okechukwu Marcellus 
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the motivations and activities of some bureaucratic agencies and their managers in the systematic derailing of the decision to unbundle the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and privatize some of its subsidiaries. The study applies the bureaucratic politics model to explain implementation politics as it relates to inter‐agency interests. I find that key officials of bureaucratic agencies in the petroleum sector have worked to enhance their various agencies' sphere of influence and maintain critical tasks, thereby derailing and delaying institutional reforms and reorganization of the petroleum sector in line with the liberalization agenda. The study expands the scope of bureaucratic politics in understanding policy outcomes, contributes to literature on inter‐agency relationships and interests in policy implementation. It suggests consideration of inter‐agency relationships in the design and implementation of policies, the need for clearer definition of agency responsibilities in the establishing law in a developing country environment.Related Articles

Lamb, Charles M., and
Eric M. Wilk. 2009. “.” Politics & Policy 37 (): 127‐149. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00164.x/full

Dahill‐Brown, Sara E., and
Lesley Lavery. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 557‐592. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00368.x/full

Khodr, Hiba, and
Isabella Ruble. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 656‐689. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12033/full
Related Media
. 2015. “Nigeria's Oil Sector: Improving Governance and Addressing Corruption.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QAu1XOaHcCM

Eboh, Michael. 2016. “.” Vanguard. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/05/petroleum-industry-motion-no-progress/

Nuhu‐Koko, Abubakar A. 2007. “The Restructuring of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC): Some Pertinent Observations.” http://www.gamji.com/article6000/NEWS7380.htm
Rethinking Persistent Poverty in Northern Ghana: The Primacy of Policy and Politics over Geography
Authors: Abdulai Abdul‐Gafaru , Bawole Justice Nyigmah , Kojo Sakyi Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

The Ghanaian economy has long been characterized by the persistence of regional income inequalities along a north‐south divide, where poverty remains disproportionately concentrated in the northern part of the country. In contrast to much of the extant literature, which explains this phenomenon in terms of the relatively unfavorable geography in the north vis‐à‐vis the south, this article suggests the need to understand this problem as the product of the export‐biased orientation of agricultural policy and the relative neglect of the agricultural products in which the north has comparative advantage in producing. The Ghanaian experience suggests that relying on migration and other redistributionist measures as the means to overcome spatial poverty traps can be problematic not only for regions that are not well connected to those prosperous parts of a country but also for those that are fully connected through adverse forms of inclusion.Related Articles

Moreno‐Jaimes, Carlos. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 1021‐1052. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00328.x/abstract

Bowman, Kirk S. 2002. “.” Politics & Policy 30 (): 736‐760. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2002.tb00142.x/abstract

Dent, David W. 1985. “.” Politics & Policy 13 (): 133‐164. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1985.tb00017.x/abstract
Related Media
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. 2013. “IGA Conference ‐ Politics and Institutions Q&A.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXOJoPWSofs

. 2013. “IGA Conference ‐ Politics and Institutions 2/3.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgsrATArkWg
Seeding tallgrass prairie in monospecific patches promotes native species establishment and cover
Authors: Seahra Shannon , Yurkonis Kathryn A. , Newman Jonathan A. 
Published: April 2018

In tallgrass prairie reconstruction, the way desired seeds are arranged on the landscape may affect species establishment, species persistence, and the establishment and persistence of undesired (nonseeded) species from the local propagule pool. To test effects of species seeding pattern on how grasslands develop spatially, we seeded 20—4 × 4–m bare soil plots with 16 tallgrass prairie species. Treatment plots were divided into 16—1 × 1–m subplots, 64—0.5 × 0.5–m subplots, 256—0.25 × 0.25–m subplots, or 1,024—0.125 × 0.125–m subplots. Each species was hand broadcast into separate subplots (1 m2 total area/species) within each plot. An additional treatment included uniformly mixing and broadcasting all seeds across a plot. We recorded species cover at the 0.125 × 0.125–m scale within each plot at the beginning of the second and third growing seasons. While species persistence was greatest within plots seeded with larger subplots, plots with smaller subplots were more spatially diverse and less occupied by nonseeded species over time than larger subplot and mixed plots. As is common in reconstruction efforts, establishment was variable among species and seeding with monospecific subplots enhanced colonization of desired rhizomatous species (e.g., Heliopsis helianthoides, Monarda fistulosa, Elymus virginicus) into unoccupied locations at the expense of species from the local propagule pool. Results suggest that seeding species in smaller, monospecific patches could result in grasslands with a more balanced native species composition than those established with a seed mixture approach.
Private tutoring expenditure: An empirical analysis based on Sri Lankan households
Authors: Pallegedara Asankha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study analyzes private tutoring expenditure in Sri Lanka using two decades of household survey data combined with school census data. We use descriptive statistics and regression analysis as well as a factor decomposition method to explore the role of various factors affecting household private tutoring expenditure. Empirical results suggest that household private tutoring expenditure have continuously risen over the years. The household socioeconomic status is factor with strong influence and relative importance affecting household private tutoring expenses. There appears to be ethnic disparities in household private tutoring expenditure. Moreover, results also suggest that spending on private tutoring could be reduced if standardized school teacher rates at a district level are increased. If the observed trends in private tutoring continue, they can have social implications for education equity, which can undermine the objective of the free education policy in Sri Lanka.
Scientific Advice and Administrative Traditions: The Role of Chief Scientists in Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Schmidt Nicole M. , Teschner Na'ama , Negev Maya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of the chief scientist (CS), a key administrative position in various Israeli ministries, is to fund policy‐oriented research and support evidence‐based decision‐making. Has the CS's role promoted or constrained incorporation of scientific advice regarding climate change adaptation into governmental policy? Have administrative traditions affected the adaptation planning process in Israel? Analysis of documents and 26 in‐depth interviews with key stakeholders sheds light on the ongoing climate change adaptation policy formulation process. Our study reveals that the CS of the Ministry of Environmental Protection functions as a bridge at different interfaces and can be characterized as a boundary worker between institutions. The inherent independence of this position facilitates the CS's ability to initiate, foster, and prioritize complex issues such as adaptation. Our findings further suggest that the perception that Israel has already adapted, or will easily adapt, has negatively affected the adaptation process.