bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do migrants remit?
Authors: Azizi Seyedsoroosh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper examines primary incentives of remitting. Using estimated bilateral data on remittances, this paper demonstrates that a rise in the home (remittance‐receiving) country's gross national income (GNI) per capita leads to fewer remittances and that a rise in the host (remittance‐sending) country's GNI per capita motivates migrants to remit more. Real exchange rates and real interest rates have no effect on remittances. These results indicate that altruism is an important and critical component of motivations behind remittances. However, altruism alone does not appear to be a sufficient explanation of the motivations behind remittances. Other incentives such as loan repayment and investment play a non‐negligible role in this regard as well. The degree of altruism is higher for migrants from developing countries in comparison with migrants from developed countries, and it is higher when we define remittances as “personal transfers” rather than “personal transfers and compensation of employees.” The results of the vector error correction model show if remittances deviate from the equilibrium relationship, they will eventually revert.
Understanding abdominal aortic aneurysm epidemiology: socioeconomic position affects outcome
Authors: Zommorodi Sayid , Leander Karin , Roy Joy , Steuer Johnny , Hultgren Rebecka 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundLow socioeconomic position (SEP) has been demonstrated to negatively influence outcome in several cardiovascular patient groups. The aim of this study was to analyse time trends of incidence of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm (iAAA) and ruptured AAA (rAAA), respectively, and to investigate whether SEP had any influence on the probability to present with rupture and, finally, to determine the impact of SEP on outcome.MethodsNationwide population-based study including all individuals with iAAA or rAAA in Sweden during 2001–2015.ResultsThe number of individuals with an AAA was 41 222; the majority were identified as iAAA 33 254 (80.7%) and 7968 (19.3%) as rAAA. Time trends showed decreasing incidence of rAAA but increase in iAAA during the study period. Individuals with low income or low educational level were more likely to present with a rAAA rather than iAAA: OR 2.16 (95 % CI 1.98 to 2.36, p<0.001) and OR 1.33 (95 % CI 1.21 to 1.46, p<0.001), respectively. Low income was also associated with increased 90-day mortality and 1-year mortality after treatment for rAAA, OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.89, p=0.014) and OR 1.39 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.97, p=0.005).ConclusionThis large nationwide study showed a decreasing incidence of rAAA. Individuals with low SEP were found to have an augmented risk of presenting with rAAA rather than iAAA and, in addition, to fare worse after repair. Consequently, SEP should be regarded as a relevant risk factor that should be included in considerations for improved care flow of patients with AAA.
Novel pathogenicSMAD2variants in five families with arterial aneurysm and dissection: further delineation of the phenotype
Authors: Cannaerts Elyssa , Kempers Marlies , Maugeri Alessandra , Marcelis Carlo , Gardeitchik Thatjana , Richer Julie , Micha Dimitra , Beauchesne Luc , Timmermans Janneke , Vermeersch Paul , Meyten Nathalie , Chénier Sébastien , van de Beek Gerarda , Peeters Nils , Alaerts Maaike , Schepers Dorien , Van Laer Lut , Verstraeten Aline , Loeys Bart 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMissense variants inSMAD2, encoding a key transcriptional regulator of transforming growth factor beta signalling, were recently reported to cause arterial aneurysmal disease.ObjectivesThe aims of the study were to identify the genetic disease cause in families with aortic/arterial aneurysmal disease and to further defineSMAD2genotype–phenotype correlations.Methods and resultsUsing gene panel sequencing, we identified aSMAD2nonsense variant and fourSMAD2missense variants, all affecting highly conserved amino acids in the MH2 domain. The premature stop codon (c.612dup; p.(Asn205*)) was identified in a marfanoid patient with aortic root dilatation and in his affected father. A p.(Asn318Lys) missense variant was found in a Marfan syndrome (MFS)-like case who presented with aortic root aneurysm and in her affected daughter with marfanoid features and mild aortic dilatation. In a man clinically diagnosed with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) that presents with aortic root dilatation and marked tortuosity of the neck vessels, another missense variant, p.(Ser397Tyr), was identified. This variant was also found in his affected daughter with hypertelorism and arterial tortuosity, as well as his affected mother. The third missense variant, p.(Asn361Thr), was discovered in a man presenting with coronary artery dissection. Variant genotyping in three unaffected family members confirmed its absence. The last missense variant, p.(Ser467Leu), was identified in a man with significant cardiovascular and connective tissue involvement.ConclusionTaken together, our data suggest that heterozygous loss-of-functionSMAD2variants can cause a wide spectrum of autosomal dominant aortic and arterial aneurysmal disease, combined with connective tissue findings reminiscent of MFS and LDS.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha crispa Essential Oil, Its Major Constituent Rotundifolone, and Analogues on Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Turkez Hasan , Tozlu Ozlem Ozdemir , Lima Tamires Cardoso , de Brito Anna Emmanuela Medeiros , de Sousa Damião Pergentino 
Published: July 2018

Cancer is a major public health problem around the globe. This disorder is affected by alterations in multiple physiological processes, and oxidative stress has been etiologically implicated in its pathogenesis. Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most common and aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis despite recent improvements in surgical, radiation, and chemotherapy‐based treatment approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antitumor activity from Mentha crispa essential oil (MCEO), its major constituent rotundifolone (ROT), and a series of six analogues on the human U87MG glioblastoma cell line. Cytotoxic effects of the compounds on the human U87MG‐GBM cell line were assessed using in vitro cell viability and oxidative and molecular genetic assays. In addition, biosafety assessment tests were performed on cultured human blood cells. Our findings revealed that MCEO, 1,2‐perillaldehyde epoxide (EPER1), and perillaldehyde (PALD) were the most cytotoxic compounds against U87MG cells, with IC50 values of 16.263, 15.087, and 14.888 μg/mL, respectively. Further, these compounds increased the expressions of BRAF, EGFR, KRAS, NFκB1, NFκB1A, NFκB2, PIK3CA, PIK3R, PTEN, and TP53 genes at different degrees and decreased the expression of some genes such as AKT1, AKT2, FOS, and RAF1. Finally, treatment with MCEO, EPER1, and PALD did not lead to genotoxic damage in blood cells. Taken together, our findings reveal antiproliferative potential of MCEO, its major component ROT, and its tested analogues. Some of these chemical analogues may be useful as prototypes for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents for treating human brain cancer and/or other cancers due to their promising activities as well as nonmutagenic property and safety.
Dynamics of Genome Alterations in Crohn's Disease–Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Hirsch Daniela , Wangsa Darawalee , Zhu Yuelin J. , Hu Yue , Edelman Daniel C. , Meltzer Paul S. , Heselmeyer-Haddad Kerstin , Ott Claudia , Kienle Peter , Galata Christian , Horisberger Karoline , Ried Thomas , Gaiser Timo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, that is, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD), face an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence, mainly from ulcerative colitis, suggests that TP53 mutations represent an initial step in the progression from inflamed colonic epithelium to CRC. However, the pathways involved in the evolution of CRC in patients with CD are poorly characterized.
Experimental Design: Here, we analyzed 73 tissue samples from 28 patients with CD-CRC, including precursor lesions, by targeted next-generation sequencing of 563 cancer-related genes and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. The results were compared with 24 sporadic CRCs with similar histomorphology (i.e., mucinous adenocarcinomas), and to The Cancer Genome Atlas data (TCGA).
Results: CD-CRCs showed somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) similar to sporadic CRCs with one notable exception: the gain of 5p was significantly more prevalent in CD-CRCs. CD-CRCs had a distinct mutation signature: TP53 (76% in CD-CRCs vs. 33% in sporadic mucinous CRCs), KRAS (24% vs. 50%), APC (17% vs. 75%), and SMAD3 (3% vs. 29%). TP53 mutations and SCNAs were early and frequent events in CD progression, while APC, KRAS, and SMAD2/4 mutations occurred later. In four patients with CD-CRC, at least one mutation and/or SCNAs were already present in non-dysplastic colonic mucosa, indicating occult tumor evolution.
Conclusions: Molecular profiling of CD-CRCs and precursor lesions revealed an inflammation-associated landscape of genome alterations: 5p gains and TP53 mutations occurred early in tumor development. Detection of these aberrations in precursor lesions may help predicting disease progression and distinguishes CD-associated from sporadic colorectal neoplasia. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4997–5011. ©2018 AACR.
Global Burden of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living With HIV
Authors: Shah Anoop S.V. , Stelzle Dominik , Lee Kuan Ken , Beck Eduard J. , Alam Shirjel , Clifford Sarah , Longenecker Chris T. , Strachan Fiona , Bagchi Shashwatee , Whiteley William , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Kottilil Shyamasundaran , Nair Harish , Newby David E. , McAllister David A. , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
With advances in antiretroviral therapy, most deaths in people with HIV are now attributable to noncommunicable illnesses, especially cardiovascular disease. We determine the association between HIV and cardiovascular disease, and estimate the national, regional, and global burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to HIV.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review across 5 databases from inception to August 2016 for longitudinal studies of cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. A random-effects meta-analysis across 80 studies was used to derive the pooled rate and risk of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV. We then estimated the temporal changes in the population-attributable fraction and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from HIV-associated cardiovascular disease from 1990 to 2015 at a regional and global level. National cardiovascular DALYs associated with HIV for 2015 were derived for 154 of the 193 United Nations member states. The main outcome measure was the pooled estimate of the rate and risk of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV and the national, regional, and global estimates of DALYs from cardiovascular disease associated with HIV.

Results:
In 793 635 people living with HIV and a total follow-up of 3.5 million person-years, the crude rate of cardiovascular disease was 61.8 (95% CI, 45.8–83.4) per 10 000 person-years. In comparison with individuals without HIV, the risk ratio for cardiovascular disease was 2.16 (95% CI, 1.68–2.77). Over the past 26 years, the global population–attributable fraction from cardiovascular disease attributable to HIV increased from 0.36% (95% CI, 0.21%–0.56%) to 0.92% (95% CI, 0.55%–1.41%), and DALYs increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.44–1.16) to 2.57 (95% CI, 1.53–3.92) million. There was marked regional variation with most DALYs lost in sub-Saharan Africa (0.87 million, 95% CI, 0.43–1.70) and the Asia Pacific (0.39 million, 95% CI, 0.23–0.62) regions. The highest population-attributable fraction and burden were observed in Swaziland, Botswana, and Lesotho.

Conclusions:
People living with HIV are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. The global burden of HIV-associated cardiovascular disease has tripled over the past 2 decades and is now responsible for 2.6 million DALYs per annum with the greatest impact in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia Pacific regions.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero
. Unique identifier: CRD42016048257.
Bans and Restrictions on Religious Broadcasting: A Review of the Arguments and Counter-Arguments
Authors: Powell Fernando Méndez 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The ownership of broadcast stations by religious groups, the establishment of broadcast stations exclusively devoted to religious content and the inclusion of content of a religious nature within the programming of regular commercial, public or community stations are all practices that are common throughout the world. However, several countries have implemented bans or restrictions on the dissemination of religious content through broadcasting or the ownership of broadcast stations by religious groups. The present article aims to assess whether such bans and restrictions are compatible with the rights to freedom of religion and freedom of expression as recognized under international human rights law. For these purposes, the most common arguments in favour and against restrictions on religious broadcasting are explained and weighed against each other.
Health-Related Internet Use Among Otolaryngology Patients
Authors: Pagedar Nitin A , Schularick Nathan M , Lee Phillip C , Karnell Lucy H 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The association between online health resources use in specific otolaryngology patients is poorly understood. To better understand health-related Internet use by otolaryngology patients, we surveyed first-visit patients at academic and private practice clinics in Iowa. Methods: Data on socioeconomic status, access, and utilization of online resources were collected. Age distributions were compared by t test, and categorical variables were compared by chi-square analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for association between independent variables (age, sex, educational attainment, otolaryngology subspecialty, etc). Results: Data showed that 8.7% lacked Internet access; an additional 5.4% reported access only in a public place or at work. Younger, more educated, and more urban patients reported higher rates of Internet access. Among university patients, patients seeing head and neck oncologists were most likely to report no Internet access (10.9%). Just over one-third of patients used the Internet to research their health condition prior to their appointment. Conclusions: Internet access was far from universal among this large cohort of otolaryngology outpatients. Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients report the least online access among all otolaryngology subspecialties. Providers should consider nonelectronic patient resources for older, more rural, less educated, and HNC patient populations as online/electronic methods of communication may not be accessible to these groups.
The effects of cigarette smoking and smoking cessation on high-density lipoprotein functions: implications for coronary artery disease
Authors: Chen Hong-Ying , Li Shi-Cheng , Chen Lian-Feng , Wang Wei , Wang Yu , Yan Xiao-Wei 
Published: July 2018

Background Smoking cessation was associated with improved prognosis of coronary artery disease. This study was designed to investigate the effect of smoking cessation on high-density lipoprotein functionality in coronary artery disease patients. Methods In this prospective, randomized and parallel controlled study, coronary artery disease smokers ( n = 28) and healthy smokers ( n = 30) were divided into smoking cessation group and continuous smoking group, respectively. Blood samples were collected before and after three-month smoking cessation. Plasma high-density lipoprotein was isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The ability of high-density lipoprotein against copper-induced oxidation of lipoprotein was determined to evaluate the antioxidative property of high-density lipoprotein, and the macrophage migration inhibited by high-density lipoprotein was tested to identify the antichemotactic property of high-density lipoprotein. High-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage cholesterol efflux was measured by fluorescence spectrometry using NBD cholesterol analogue. Healthy non-smoking volunteers were enrolled as the baseline control. Results The baseline antioxidative, antichemotactic ability of high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein-induced cellular cholesterol efflux in coronary artery disease smokers and healthy smokers were significantly attenuated when compared with those in healthy non-smokers. After three-month smoking cessation, both the antioxidative ability and antichemotactic ability of high-density lipoprotein were improved significantly in coronary artery disease smokers. However, high-density lipoprotein-induced cellular cholesterol efflux was not increased by smoking cessation. In in vitro experiments, carbon monoxide reduced the antioxidative ability and nicotine enhanced the antichemotactic ability of high-density lipoprotein. Conclusions Smoking cessation is an effective measure to improve high-density lipoprotein functions in coronary artery disease smokers. Our study re-emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation in the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
Preventing Emergency Vehicle Crashes: Status and Challenges of Human Factors Issues
Authors: Hsiao Hongwei , Chang Joonho , Simeonov Peter 
Published: July 2018

Objective: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. Background: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. Method: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. Results: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. Conclusion: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. Application: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.
Track allocation optimization in high-speed railway stations from infrastructure management and service perspectives
Authors: Zhang Qin , Zhu Xiaoning , Wang Li 
Published: July 2018

Background: The high-speed railway has been developed rapidly, making track allocation optimization in high-speed railway stations one of the most important problems for traffic control. Methods: This paper proposes a 0-1 nonlinear integer programming model from both infrastructure management and service perspectives to solve this problem at the tactical level. The goal is to balance the track occupation time and at the same time to minimize the total walking distance between the entrance hall and the platforms for all passengers. A pre-calculation technique of time points considering the preparation of the route and a line group method are firstly studied. In order to solve the programming, the simulated annealing algorithm is applied. Results: A case of a China high-speed railway station is used to verify the effectiveness of this model. The optimized result is much better than the original plan in some key indicators. A comparison between the proposed algorithm and an accurate method, the branch-and-bound, is demonstrated. The simulated annealing algorithm obtains almost the same result as the accurate method in a much shorter time. Conclusions: The proposed model is practicable for the the high-speed railway stations.
The Science and Teaching of Public Administration
Authors: Langrod Georges 
Published: July 2018

by Georges Langrod, International Centre of Scientific Research, Paris. The author, who is not altogether unknown of our readers, first acknowledges the sorry fact that, to date, there is no such thing as an organised, coherent, science of administration. This is the more important in that it leaves a gap in our social set-up, and indeed a gap of special significance because Administration, as a fact, tends to become all-embracing. The whole of this thoroughly documented essay is an outcry against sloth, against the comfortable adherence to fixed, « time-proven » practices, for there is no real opposition against the organised study of Administration as a science. The only obstacle seems to be inertia, a lack of methodical thought. On the other hand, a systematic study of Administration would fill a dangerous gap in our organised knowledge, it would prevent the threatening dispersion of thought and take away from juridical, economic and other « auxiliary » sciences the burden of haphazard administrative phenomena which properly belong to a separate discipline. Positively speaking, such a study will enable co-ordinated thought in matters administrative, by laying down general, universally applicable principles, and so lead to more fruitful exchanges of views and generally acceptable methods. The author, however, does not let himself be carried away by his subject, and is aware that such an organised science can never take the place of experience. He merely believes that it may and shall throw light on the accumulated experience and will enable administrators to co-ordinate the results of a daily contact with the facts of administration.