bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased dietary protein‐to‐lipid ratio improves survival during naturally occurring pancreas disease in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Dessen Jens‐Erik , Mørkøre Turid , Bildøy Jan Ivar , Johnsen Stig N. , Poppe Lars Thomas , Hatlen Bjarne , Thomassen Magny S. , Rørvik Kjell‐Arne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study demonstrated that increased dietary protein‐to‐lipid ratio (P/L‐ratio) improved survival of farmed Atlantic salmon naturally affected by pancreas disease (PD). In addition to diet, body weight (BW) and delousing mortality prior to the PD outbreak also contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to explain the observed variation in PD‐associated mortality. Subsequent to the PD outbreak, large amount of fish failed to grow and caused thin fish with poor condition (runts). At the end of the trial, significantly (p < 0.05) lower amounts of runt fish and increased amount of superior graded fish where detected among fish fed increased P/L‐ratio and within the fish with the largest BWs prior to PD. Diet, BW and delousing mortality contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to explain the variation in the amount of superior graded fish, whereas BW and diet explained the variation in the amount of runt fish. A significant (p < 0.01) negative linear relationship was observed between the amount of superior graded fish and the total mortality, whereas a positive linear relationship was detected between percentage of fillets with melanin and the total mortality. Thus, increased dietary P/L‐ratio seem to reduce the mortality and impaired slaughter quality associated with PD.
The benefit of adding oral simethicone in bowel preparation regimen for the detection of colon adenoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yeh Jen‐Hao , Hsu Ming‐Hung , Tseng Chao‐Ming , Chen Tzu‐Haw , Huang Ru‐Yi , Lee Ching‐Tai , Lin Chi‐Wei , Wang Wen‐Lun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSimethicone is an anti‐foaming agent commonly used during colonoscopy. Although several randomized trials have shown that oral simethicone in the bowel preparation regimen may improve bowel cleanness, whether it improves adenoma detection rate (ADR) or polyp detection rate remains undetermined. The aim of this study was to determine if oral simethicone in bowel preparation regimen before colonoscopy improves the ADR.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, SDOL, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases through December 2017. Randomized controlled trials that compared bowel preparation regimens with simethicone versus those without it were included. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and underwent meta‐analysis using appropriate models. The primary outcomes were ADR and polyp detection rate, and secondary outcomes included bowel preparation, bubble score, and withdrawal time.ResultsTwelve published randomized controlled studies with 6003 participants were included for meta‐analysis. There was no difference in the overall ADR (pooled risk ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval = 0.91–1.24) and right‐side ADR (risk ratio = 1.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.82–2.75) between the groups with or without simethicone. However, the addition of simethicone improved adenoma detected per patient (2.20 ± 1.36 vs 1.63 ± 0.89) according to one of the included studies. Meta‐regression revealed that the baseline ADR < 25% of the included studies was associated with significant benefit of oral simethicone; the number needed to treat was 15.ConclusionsThe adjunction of oral simethicone significantly improved bowel preparation quality and might benefit adenoma detection in specific settings with low baseline ADR.
Cardiovascular Disease Profile of the Oldest Adults in Rural South Africa: Data from the HAALSI Study (Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of INDEPTH Communities)
Authors: Jardim Thiago Veiga , Witham Miles D. , Abrahams‐Gessel Shafika , Gómez‐Olivé F. Xavier , Tollman Stephen , Berkman Lisa , Gaziano Thomas A. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize the cardiovascular disease (CVD) profile of individuals aged 80 and older in rural South Africa.DesignFirst wave of population‐based longitudinal cohort.SettingAgincourt subdistrict (Mpumalanga Province) in rural South Africa.ParticipantsAdults residents (N = 5,059).MeasurementsIn‐person interviews were conducted to obtain social, behavioral, economic, and clinical data. Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, high waist‐to‐hip ratio, overweight and obesity, high‐risk high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, smoking, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and heart failure in individuals younger than 65, aged 65 to 79, and aged 80 and older were compared. Associations between self‐reported treatments and determinants of hypertension treatment in those aged 80 and older were assessed using multivariable regression.ResultsOf 5,059 individuals included, 549 (10.8%) were aged 80 and older, and their CVD prevalence was 17.9% (stroke 3.8%, myocardial infarction 0.5%, angina pectoris 13.5%, heart failure 0.7%). Hypertension prevalence in this group was 73.8%, and along with angina pectoris, it increased with age (p<.001), whereas overweight and obesity (46.4%), dyslipidemia (39.1%), and smoking prevalences (3.1%) decreased (p<.001). Hypertension treatment was significantly associated with being aged 80 and older (odds ratio (OR)=1.48; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14–1.92, p=.003). Male sex (OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.66–0.88, p=.001), being an immigrant (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.65–0.98; p=.03), higher socioeconomic status (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.06–1.53, p=.009), and higher depression score (OR=1.12, 95% CI=1.05–1.19, p<.001) were associated with hypertension treatment in those aged 80 and older.ConclusionThis is the first study to characterize the CVD profile of individuals aged 80 and older in sub‐Saharan Africa and provides baseline data for comparison with future studies in this rapidly growing age group.J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2151–2157, 2018.
Rosiglitazone up‐regulates glial fibrillary acidic protein via HB‐EGF secreted from astrocytes and neurons through PPARγ pathway and reduces apoptosis in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Kushwaha Rajesh , Mishra Juhi , Gupta Anand Prakash , Gupta Keerti , Vishwakarma Jitendra , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Gayen Jiaur Rahaman , Kamthan Mohan , Bandyopadhyay Sanghamitra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe anti‐diabetic drug and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone, alters astrocyte activation; however, its mechanism remains less‐known. We hypothesized participation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known to control astrocyte reactivity. We first detected that rosiglitazone promoted glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in primary astrocytes as well as the mouse cerebral cortex, associated with increased EGFR activation. Screening for EGFR ligands revealed a rosiglitazone‐mediated increase of heparin‐binding epidermal growth factor (HB‐EGF) in astrocytes, resulting in HB‐EGF release into culture medium and mouse cerebrospinal fluid too. Treatment with HB‐EGF‐siRNA and EGFR inhibitors showed that the rosiglitazone‐induced HB‐EGF and p‐EFGR were interdependent, which participated in GFAP increase. Interestingly, we observed that rosiglitazone could induce cellular and secreted‐HB‐EGF in neurons also, contributing toward the activated EGFR‐induced GFAP in astrocytes. Probing whether these effects of rosiglitazone were PPARγ‐linked, revealed potential PPARγ‐responsive elements within HB‐EGF gene. Moreover, gel‐shift, site‐directed mutagenesis, chromatin‐immunoprecipitation and luciferase‐reporter assays demonstrated a PPARγ‐dependent HB‐EGF transactivation. Subsequently, we examined effects of rosiglitazone in a high‐fat diet‐fed diabetes mouse model, and supporting observations in the normal cortical cells, identified a rosiglitazone‐induced GFAP, astrocyte and neuronal HB‐EGF and secreted‐HB‐EGF in the cerebral cortex of diabetic mice. Moreover, assessing relevance of increased HB‐EGF and GFAP revealed an anti‐apoptotic role of rosiglitazone in the cerebral cortex, supported by a GFAP‐siRNA as well as HB‐EGF‐siRNA‐mediated increase in cleaved‐caspase 3 and 9 levels in the rosiglitazone‐treated astrocyte–neuron coculture. Overall, our study indicates that rosiglitazone may protect the brain, via a PPARγ‐dependent HB‐EGF/EGFR signaling and increased GFAP.
image
Rheology of hyaluronic acid and dynamic facial rejuvenation: Topographical specificities
Authors: Michaud Thierry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSound knowledge of the rheology of hyaluronic acids is fundamental for facial rejuvenation procedures. Hyaluronic acid implants are subjected to complex mechanical forces within the facial tissues that vary depending on the anatomical region. Analysis of these forces is important to establish the rheological specifications of hyaluronic acid implants in each specific zone. This approach will optimize the correction of age‐related loss of volume, since the filler will be chosen as a function of the mechanics of the anatomical zone, with the objective to respect facial dynamics.
Neuroimaging in Psychiatric Disorders: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Highly Cited Articles
Authors: Gong Bo , Naveed Sadiq , Hafeez Dawood M. , Afzal Khalid I. , Majeed Salman , Abele Jonathan , Nicolaou Savvas , Khosa Faisal 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEExtensive research has been conducted to find neuroimaging biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. This study aimed at identifying trends of the 100 most highly cited articles on neuroimaging in primary psychiatric disorders.METHODSThe most highly cited original research articles were identified and analyzed, following searches of MEDLINE and Web of Science All Databases.RESULTSThe top 100 articles ranked by yearly citation (from 137.5 to 31.1) were published between 1989 and 2017. Depressive disorders (30 articles), schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (27), autism spectrum disorder (17), substance‐related and addictive disorders (7), and post‐traumatic stress disorder (7) were among the most studied conditions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (42), structural magnetic resonance imaging (30), and positron emission tomography (22) were the most utilized neuroimaging modalities. While 85 articles investigated the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders (including 7 focusing on developmental changes and 1 on genetic susceptibility), 15 articles studied the impact of treatment, including antidepressants (6), deep brain stimulation (4), antipsychotics (3), behavior therapy (3), and exercise (1). The analysis also identified the most contributing authors, countries (the United States: 71 articles, the United Kingdom: 8, Canada: 5, and China: 5), and journals (JAMA Psychiatry: 20 articles and Biological Psychiatry: 17). Ninety‐eight studies were prospective, and two were retrospective. The sample size ranged from 3 to 1,188 (median: 21).CONCLUSIONSOur study identified intellectual milestones in the utility of neuroimaging in investigating primary psychiatric disorders. The historic trends could help guide future research in this field.
Prevalence, comorbidity and factors associated with sleeping, crying and feeding problems at 1 month of age: A community‐based survey
Authors: Cook Fallon , Mensah Fiona , Bayer Jordana K , Hiscock Harriet 
Published: October 2018

AimTo examine, in a community cohort of healthy one‐month‐old infants, (i) the prevalence of early infant sleeping, crying and feeding problems; (ii) the extent to which they co‐exist; and (iii) infant and mother characteristics associated with each problem alone and with comorbid problems.MethodsA survey at 4 weeks of infant age examined the presence of infant sleeping, crying and feeding problems (yes/no); parenting self‐efficacy; rating of self as a tense person; and doubts about parenting at bedtime.ResultsA total of 770 mothers (39% of those approached) with a total of 781 infants (11 twins) took part. Infant sleeping, crying and feeding problems were reported by 38.5, 27.4 and 25.2% of mothers, respectively. On comorbidity, 25.5% reported one problem, 20.5% reported two and 7.3% reported all three problems. Mothers of first‐born infants reported more crying problems and comorbid problems. Mothers who described themselves as a ‘tense person’ reported more infant feeding problems. Maternal doubt and low self‐efficacy were consistently associated with each type of infant problem and comorbid problems (adjusting for other factors).ConclusionMothers expressing doubt and low parenting self‐efficacy may benefit from additional support and guidance on normal infant behaviour.
Post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis: Some reduction in a disease of disparities
Authors: Vogel Alison M , Lennon Diana R , van der Werf Bert , Diack Max , Neutze Jocelyn M , Horsfall Maraekura , Emery Diane , Wong William 
Published: October 2018

AimA retrospective Auckland‐wide (total population approximately 1.4 million) study of hospital admissions from 2007 to 2015 was conducted to assess trends in admissions for acute post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in children aged 0–14 years.MethodsInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD10) discharge codes were used to identify potential cases of APSGN, and electronic clinical records and laboratory data were compared with established case definitions for definite or probable APSGN.ResultsA total of 430 cases of APSGN were identified (definite n = 337, probable n = 93), with a mean annual incidence of 15.2/100 000 (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9–15.6). Incidence (0–14 years) was 17 times higher in Pacific peoples (50.2/100 000, 95% CI 48.6–51.8) and almost 7 times higher in Māori (19.6/100 000, 95% CI 18.6–20.7) than European/other populations (2.9/100 000, 95% CI 2.7–3.1). Multivariate analysis found ethnicity, deprivation, male gender, age (peak 3–8 years) and season (summer/autumn) to be associated with admission risk. Admission rates showed a significant change of −9.0% (95% CI −10.4, 7.4%) per year, with 2011 being an exception. Low C3 complement, hypertension, elevated streptococcal titres, oedema and heavy proteinuria were present in 94, 65, 67, 52 and 49% of cases, respectively. Relying on ICD10 codes without further review of clinical notes would result in an overcount of cases by 25%.ConclusionsThere is severe disparity in APSGN admission rates, with a disproportionate burden of disease for Pacific and Māori children and those living in deprived circumstances. Rates trended downward from 2007 to 2015.
Dynamic implications of tourism and environmental quality
Authors: Ouattara Bazoumana , Pérez‐Barahona Agustín , Strobl Eric 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany studies draw attention to the rising number of tourists seeking destinations in environmental hotspots. However, it is also recognized that tourism activities significantly deteriorate the environment. Our paper investigates the dynamic interaction between tourism and environmental quality, focusing on its effect on the development of tourism‐driven economies. We use a theoretical model to study the dynamic implications of this interaction. In this respect, we point out the role played by environmental maintenance activities and ecotourism. Ecotourism allows the economy to improve welfare in the long‐term, but we identify a social cost regarding current generations’ welfare. Finally, the existence of imbalance effects between tourism infrastructures and environmental quality provides new insights into the transitional dynamics of tourism destinations.
Reflux aspiration in lungs of dogs with respiratory disease and in healthy West Highland White Terriers
Authors: Määttä O. L. Merita , Laurila Henna P. , Holopainen Saila , Lilja‐Maula Liisa , Melamies Marika , Viitanen Sanna J. , Johnson L. R. , Koho Ninna , Neuvonen Mikko , Niemi Mikko , Rajamäki Minna M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux and microaspiration (MA) of gastric juice are associated with various human respiratory diseases but not in dogs.ObjectiveTo detect the presence of bile acids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of dogs with various respiratory diseases.AnimalsTwenty‐seven West Highland White Terriers (WHWTs) with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF), 11 dogs with bacterial pneumonia (BP), 13 with chronic bronchitis (CB), 9 with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy (EBP), 19 with laryngeal dysfunction (LD), 8 Irish Wolfhounds (IWHs) with previous BPs, 13 healthy WHWTs, all privately owned dogs, and 6 healthy research colony BeaglesMethodsProspective cross‐sectional observational study with convenience sampling of dogs. Bile acids were measured by mass spectrometry in BALF samples. Total bile acid (TBA) concentration was calculated as a sum of 17 different bile acids.ResultsConcentrations of TBA were above the limit of quantification in 78% of CIPF, 45% of BP, 62% of CB, 44% of EBP, 68% of LD, and 13% of IWH dogs. In healthy dogs, bile acids were detected less commonly in Beagles (0/6) than in healthy WHWTs (10/13). Concentrations of TBA were significantly higher in CIPF (median 0.013 μM, range not quantifiable [n.q.]‐0.14 μM, P < .001), healthy WHWTs (0.0052 μM, n.q.‐1.2 μM, P = .003), LD (0.010 μM, n.q.‐2.3 μM, P = .015), and CB (0.0078 μM, n.q.‐0.073 μM, P = .018) groups compared to Beagles (0 μM, n.q.).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThese results suggest that MA occurs in various respiratory diseases of dogs and also in healthy WHWTs.
Gesture and Vocabulary Learning in a Second Language
Authors: Huang Xiaoyi , Kim Nayoung , Christianson Kiel 
Published: October 2018

When introducing new words in a second language (L2), presenting vocabulary with concurrent gestures might facilitate learners’ recollection of new words. Previous research has suggested that this gestural advantage might hold only for gestures that overlap with the semantics of the words. Dual coding theory predicts that learners should learn input better when multiple sensory routes act as aids to retrieval. Our research replicated and extended previous studies examining the limits of gestures in learning L2 vocabulary. A within‐participant design directly compared the effects of pairing low idiosyncratic gestures (gestures traditionally iconic with word meanings) versus high idiosyncratic gestures (gestures that likely need to be idiosyncratically paired with word meanings) with L2 vocabulary presentation, relative to using no gestures. Results supported dual coding theory: All gestures were helpful if they were not confusable with other to‐be‐learned words and if the number of words presented was limited.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Data badge. All data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/4awze. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Nursing schools on the increase as the 18 year old population decreases in Japan
Authors: Yamashita Mineko , Miyatake Yoko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBaccalaureate nursing programs have been on the increase in Japan in the past few decades. However, the 18 year old population is on the decline. While nursing programs have been increasing, the number of high school graduates has decreased. The paradoxical phenomenon has started to affect nursing education, including shortages in faculty members and in clinical sites. The purpose of the present study was to identify actual or potential problems as a result of so many nursing schools having opened in the past few decades, and to make recommendations for nurse educators in Japan.
Enteric RET inhibition attenuates gastrointestinal secretion and motility via cholinergic signaling in rat colonic mucosal preparations
Authors: Russell John P. , Mohammadi Ehsan , Ligon Casey , Latorre Rocco , Johnson Anthony C. , Hoang Bao , Krull David , Ho Melisa W.‐Y. , Eidam Hilary S. , DeMartino Michael P. , Cheung Mui , Oliff Allen I. , Kumar Sanjay , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld Beverley 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe expression of RET in the developing enteric nervous system (ENS) suggests that RET may contribute to adult intestinal function. ENS cholinergic nerves play a critical role in the control of colonic function through the release of acetylcholine (ACh). In the current study, we hypothesized that a RET‐mediated mechanism may regulate colonic ion transport and motility through modulation of cholinergic nerves.MethodsThe effect of RET inhibition on active ion transport was assessed electrophysiologically in rat colonic tissue mounted in Ussing chambers via measurements of short circuit current (Isc) upon electrical field stimulation (EFS) or pharmacologically with cholinergic agonists utilizing a gastrointestinal (GI)‐restricted RET inhibitor. We assessed the effect of the RET inhibitor on propulsive motility via quantification of fecal pellet output (FPO) induced by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine.Key ResultsWe found that enteric ganglia co‐expressed RET and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) transcripts. In vitro, the RET kinase inhibitor GSK3179106 attenuated the mean increase in Isc induced by either EFS or carbachol but not bethanechol. In vivo, GSK3179106 significantly reduced the prokinetic effect of neostigmine.Conclusion and InferencesOur findings provide evidence that RET‐mediated mechanisms regulate colonic function by maintaining cholinergic neuronal function and enabling ACh‐evoked chloride secretion and motility. We suggest that modulating the cholinergic control of the colon via a RET inhibitor may represent a novel target for the treatment of intestinal disorders associated with increased secretion and accelerated GI transit such as irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS‐D).
Models, movements, and minds: bridging the gap between decision making and action
Authors: Wispinski Nathan J. , Gallivan Jason P. , Chapman Craig S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDecision making is a fundamental cognitive function, which not only determines our day‐to‐day choices but also shapes the trajectories of our movements, our lives, and our societies. While immense progress has been made in recent years on our understanding of the mechanisms underlying decision making, research on this topic is still largely split into two halves. Good‐based models largely state that decisions are made between representations of abstract value associated with available options; while action‐based models largely state that decisions are made at the level of action representations. These models are further divided between those that state that a decision is made before an action is specified, and those that regard decision making as an evolving process that continues until movement completion. Here, we review computational models, behavioral findings, and results from neural recordings associated with these frameworks. In synthesizing this literature, we submit that decision making is best understood as a continuous, graded, and distributed process that traverses a landscape of behaviorally relevant options, from their presentation until movement completion. Identifying and understanding the intimate links between decision making and action processing has important implications for the study of complex, goal‐directed behaviors such as social communication, and for elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which decisions are formed.