bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical coding data algorithm to categorize type of gastrointestinal bleeding as a primary reason for massive transfusion: results from the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry
Authors: Ket Shara N. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , McQuilten Zoe K. , Tacey Mark , Gibson Peter R. , Brown Gregor J. , Wood Erica M. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundManagement of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) may require massive transfusion (MT), but limited data are available. Upper and lower GIB have different aetiologies, prognosis, bleeding patterns and outcomes. Better understanding of current transfusion management and outcomes in these patients is important. We sought to define and validate an algorithm based on clinical coding data to distinguish critical upper and lower GIB using data from the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry (ANZ‐MTR).Study Design and MethodsAustralian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry hospital‐source data on adult patients receiving a MT (defined as ≥5 red cell units within 4 h) for any bleeding context were used. An algorithm allocating ICD‐10‐AM codes into ‘probable’ or ‘possible’ causes of GIB was developed and applied to the ANZ‐MTR. Source medical records of 69 randomly selected cases were independently reviewed to validate the algorithm.ResultsOf 5482 MT cases available from 25 hospitals, 716 (13%) were identified as GIB with 538/716 (75%) categorized ‘probable’ and 178/716 ‘possible’ GIB. Upper and lower GIB causes of MT were identified for 455/538 (85%) and 76/538 (14%) ‘probable’ cases, respectively; 7/538 (1·3%) cases had both upper and lower GIB. Allocation by the algorithm into a ‘probable’ GIB category had a 95·7% (CI: 90–100%) positive predictive value when validated against source medical records.ConclusionAn algorithm based on ICD‐10‐AM codes can be used to accurately categorize patients with luminal GIB as the primary reason for MT, enabling further study of this critically unwell and resource‐intensive cohort of patients.
Development and Validation of the Dutch EBPAS‐ve and EBPQ‐ve for Nursing Assistants and Nurses with a Vocational Education
Authors: Maessen Kim , van Vught Anneke , Gerritsen Debby L. , Lovink Marleen H. , Vermeulen Hester , Persoon Anke 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role of evidence‐based practice (EBP) to increase the quality and safety of care. However, EBP implementation research has predominantly taken place in hospitals and hardly in nursing homes or home care. In these care settings, patients are attended by nursing assistants and registered vocationally trained nurses. A good EBP starting point is to assess their current attitude toward and use of EBP. However, current questionnaires are not valid for assistants and nurses with vocational education.AimsTo adapt the Evidence‐Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS) and the Evidence‐Based Practice Questionnaire (EBPQ) to a Dutch questionnaire for nursing assistants and registered vocationally trained nurses European Qualification Framework level 3–4 employed in home care or nursing homes.MethodsTranslation, adaptation through cross‐cultural validation, pretesting, exploratory factor analysis, and evaluation of psychometric properties among a group of nursing assistants and registered vocationally trained nurses.ResultsCross‐cultural validation led to modified items of EBPQ and EBPAS. The sample comprised 273 nurses. Analysis of both instruments showed a robust factor structure. EBPAS‐ve: internal consistency: α = 0.76; intra‐rater reliability: ICC = 0.52. EBPQ‐ve: α = 0.75; ICC = 0.60. Convergent validity (correlation EBPAS‐ve and EBPQ‐ve's subscale Attitude): r = .300 (p < .01). Construct validity: significantly higher scores (p < .01) in the group with higher education.Linking Evidence to ActionPsychometric qualities of both instruments were satisfactory, although we recommend refinement of EBPAS‐ve's subscale Divergence and extra instructions for the EBPQ's subscale Attitude. To our knowledge, this is the first adaptation of an EBP measurement instrument for nursing assistants and registered vocationally trained nurses. The questionnaires appeared to be feasible and showed multiple valid and reliable properties, including a satisfactory intra‐rater reliability. Both questionnaires may facilitate the implementation of EBP as they contribute to a richer understanding of the attitude toward and use of EBP in nursing homes and home care.
Novel Transient Liquid Phase Bonding for High-Temperature Automotive Power Electronics Systems
Authors: Liu Yanghe , Joshi Shailesh N. , Dede Ercan M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the concept and fabrication process for a novel (copper, nickel)–tin, (Cu, Ni)–Sn, transient liquid phase (TLP) high-temperature bond that exploits the addition of a pure aluminum (Al) core layer for die attachment in a power electronics power card structure. The bond quality and composition of the bond layer are characterized using confocal scanning acoustic microscopy (CSAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The experimental results indicate that the material composition and established fabrication process enable a crack-free bond that exhibits a void fraction of 2% or less. Compared to a traditional foil-based single-layer TLP bonding system, the proposed foil-based TLP/metal laminated structure displays ∼60% reduction in thermally induced mechanical stress built-in after fabrication, as verified through steady-state thermal stress simulations.
Numerical Simulation of the Transient Flow in a Pump-Turbine During the Load Rejection Process With Special Emphasis on the Cavitation Effect
Authors: Fu Xiaolong , Li Deyou , Wang Hongjie , Zhang Guanghui , Li Zhenggui , Wei Xianzhu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
At present, pumped-storage power technology is the only available and effective way for the load balancing and energy storage in the grid network scale. During the frequent switch back and forth conditions, there are severe pressure pulsation and cavitation in pump-turbines. However, their generation mechanism has not been determined yet. This work contributes to the numerical simulation of the transient behaviors in a prototype pump-turbine during the load rejection process with special emphasis on cavitation effect. In this study, the two-dimensional dynamic remesh and variable speed slide mesh methodologies were employed to perform the simulation of the transient single-phase flow and cavitation flow in a pump-turbine. The simulation results of single-phase flow and cavitation flow were both consistent with the experimental data except in local regions based on the experimental validation of prototype tests. However, the numerical results considering cavitation effects have a better behavior than those of single-phase flow in the predictions of pressure pulsation and rotational speed. Then, the cavitation flow simulation results were analyzed deeply, especially in pressure pulsation and cavitation flow field. Analysis revealed that three typical complex frequency components of pressure were captured in the cavitation flow, which significantly affect the axial hydraulic thrust on the runner. And it is validated that they are primarily induced by the cavity collapse near the trailing edges of the runner blades in reverse pump mode and the interaction between cavitation and vortex rope in draft-tube in turbine mode.
Multistability in the Centrifugal Governor System Under a Time-Delay Control Strategy
Authors: Deng Shuning , Ji Jinchen , Yin Shan , Wen Guilin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The centrifugal governor system plays an indispensable role in maintaining the near-constant speed of engines. Although different arrangements have been developed, the governor systems are still applied in many machines for its simple mechanical structure. Therefore, the large-amplitude vibrations of the governor system which can lead to the function failure of the system should be attenuated to guarantee reliable operation. This paper adopts a time-delay control strategy to suppress the undesirable large-amplitude motions in the centrifugal governor system, which can be regarded as the practical application of the delayed feedback controller in this system. The stability region of the trivial equilibrium of the controlled system is determined by investigating the characteristic equation and generic Hopf bifurcations. It is found that the dynamic behavior of multistability can be induced by the Bautin bifurcation, arising on the stability boundary of the trivial equilibrium with a constant delay. More specifically, a coexistence of two desirable stable motions, i.e., an equilibrium or a small-amplitude periodic motion, can be observed in the controlled centrifugal governor system without changing the physical parameters. This is a new feature of the motion control in the centrifugal governor systems, which has not yet been reported in the existing studies. Finally, the results of theoretical analyses are verified by numerical simulations.
Extracting Customer Perceptions of Product Sustainability From Online Reviews
Authors: El Dehaibi Nasreddine , Goodman Noah D. , MacDonald Erin F. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn order for a sustainable product to be successful in the market, designers must create products that are not only sustainable in reality but are also sustainable as perceived by the customer—and reality versus perception of sustainability can be quite different. This paper details a design method to identify perceptions of sustainable features (PerSFs) by collecting online reviews, manually annotating them using crowdsourced work, and processing the annotated review fragments with a natural language machine learning algorithm. We analyze all three pillars of sustainability—social, environmental, and economic—for positive and negative perceptions of product features of a French press coffee carafe. For social aspects, the results show that positive PerSFs are associated with intangible features, such as giving the product as a gift, while negative PerSFs are associated with tangible features perceived as unsafe, like sharp corners. For environmental aspects, positive PerSFs are associated with reliable materials like metal while negative PerSFs are associated with the use of plastic. For economic aspects, PerSFs mainly serve as a price constraint for designers to satisfy other customer perceptions. We also show that some crucial sustainability concerns related to environmental aspects, like energy and water consumption, did not have a significant impact on customer sentiment, thus demonstrating the anticipated gap in sustainability perceptions and the realities of sustainable design, as noted in previous literature. From these results, online reviews can enable designers to extract PerSFs for further design study and to create products that resonate with customers' sustainable values.
A Data-Driven Approach to Product Usage Context Identification From Online Customer Reviews
Authors: Suryadi Dedy , Kim Harrison M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a data-driven methodology to automatically identify product usage contexts from online customer reviews. Product usage context is one of the factors that affect product design, consumer behavior, and consumer satisfaction. The previous works identify the usage contexts using the survey-based method or subjectively determine them. The proposed methodology, on the other hand, uses machine learning and Natural Language Processing tools to identify and cluster usage contexts from a large volume of customer reviews. Furthermore, aspect sentiment analysis is applied to capture the sentiment toward a particular usage context in a sentence. The methodology is implemented to two data sets of products, i.e., laptop and tablet. The result shows that the methodology is able to capture relevant product usage contexts and cluster bigrams that refer to similar usage context. The aspect sentiment analysis enables the observation of a product’s position with respect to its competitors for a particular usage context. For a product designer, the observation may indicate a requirement to improve the product. It may also indicate a possible market opportunity in a usage context in which most of the current products are perceived negatively by customers. Finally, it is shown that overall rating might not be a strong indicator for representing customer sentiment toward a particular usage context, due to the moderate linear correlation for most of the usage contexts in the case study.
A Comparative Evaluation of Supervised Machine Learning Classification Techniques for Engineering Design Applications
Authors: Sharpe Conner , Wiest Tyler , Wang Pingfeng , Seepersad Carolyn Conner 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Supervised machine learning techniques have proven to be effective tools for engineering design exploration and optimization applications, in which they are especially useful for mapping promising or feasible regions of the design space. The design space mappings can be used to inform early-stage design exploration, provide reliability assessments, and aid convergence in multiobjective or multilevel problems that require collaborative design teams. However, the accuracy of the mappings can vary based on problem factors such as the number of design variables, presence of discrete variables, multimodality of the underlying response function, and amount of training data available. Additionally, there are several useful machine learning algorithms available, and each has its own set of algorithmic hyperparameters that significantly affect accuracy and computational expense. This work elucidates the use of machine learning for engineering design exploration and optimization problems by investigating the performance of popular classification algorithms on a variety of example engineering optimization problems. The results are synthesized into a set of observations to provide engineers with intuition for applying these techniques to their own problems in the future, as well as recommendations based on problem type to aid engineers in algorithm selection and utilization.
Knowledge-Assisted Optimization for Large-Scale Design Problems: A Review and Proposition
Authors: Wu Di , Gary Wang G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPracticing design engineers often have certain knowledge about a design problem. However, in the last decades, the design optimization community largely treats design functions as black-boxes. This paper discusses whether and how knowledge can help with optimization, especially for large-scale optimization problems. Existing large-scale optimization methods based on black-box functions are first reviewed, and the drawbacks of those methods are briefly discussed. To understand what knowledge is and what kinds of knowledge can be obtained and applied in a design, the concepts of knowledge in both artificial intelligence (AI) and in the area of the product design are reviewed. Existing applications of knowledge in optimization are reviewed and categorized. Potential applications of knowledge for optimization are discussed in more detail, in hope to identify possible directions for future research in knowledge-assisted optimization (KAO).
Infusion Jet Flow Control in Neonatal Double Lumen Cannulae
Authors: Rasooli Reza , Yıldız Yahya , Jamil Muhammad , Pekkan Kerem 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Clinical success of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) depends on the proper venous cannulation. Venovenous (VV) ECMO is the preferred clinical intervention as it provides a single-site access by utilizing a VV double lumen cannula (VVDLC) with a higher level of mobilization and physical rehabilitation. Concurrent venous blood drainage and oxygenated blood infusion in the right atrium at the presence of the cannula makes the flow dynamics complex where potential mixing of venous and oxygenated blood can drastically decrease the overall performance of ECMO. There are no studies focusing on the neonatal and pediatric populations, in which the flow related effects are critical due to the small atrium size. In this study, fluid dynamics of infusion outflow jet for two commercially available neonatal VVDLC is analyzed using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Moreover, six new designs are proposed for the infusion channel geometry and compared. Important flow parameters such as flow turning angle (FTA), velocity decay, potential core, and turbulent intensity are investigated for the proposed models. The experiments showed that the outflow parameters of commercial cannulae such as FTA are strongly dependent on the operating Re number. This may result in a drastic efficiency reduction for cannula operating at off-design flow conditions. Moreover, the infusion outlet tip structure and jet internal guiding pathway (JIGP) was observed to greatly affect the outflow flow features. This is of paramount importance since the anatomical positioning of the cannula and the infusion outlet is strongly dependent on the outflow properties such as FTA.
Liquid State Machine to Generate the Movement Profiles for the Gait Cycle of a Six Degrees-of-Freedom Bipedal Robot in a Sagittal Plane
Authors: Franco-Robles Jesús , De Lucio-Rangel Alejandro , Camarillo-Gómez Karla A. , Pérez-Soto Gerardo I. , Martínez-Prado Miguel A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an approach based on a liquid state machine (LSM) to compute the movement profiles to achieve a gait pattern subject to different variations in its trajectory is presented. At the same time, the position of the zero moment point (ZMP) to determine the stability of the six degrees-of-freedom (6DOF) bipedal robot in the sagittal plane during the gait cycle is calculated. The system is constructed as a supervised machine learning model. The time series of the oscillating foot trajectory obtained by direct kinematics with a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP), to strengthen the kinematic model, is considered as input values for training. The target movement profiles are acquired of a human gait cycle analysis in three different scenarios: normal gait, climbing stairs, and descending stairs. In training, this model also gets the trajectories of the ZMP position during the gait cycle, as target time series. The LSM formed by spiking neurons, considered as third-generation neural networks, is compared in the accuracy of prediction, by the dynamic time warping (DTW) technique and correlation analysis, against the human gait analysis database. With this neuronal system, the joint positions to generate a trajectory of the oscillating foot and the ZMP position of the bipedal in the sagittal plane in different scenarios are obtained, proving the robustness of the LSM.
Stokes Slip Flow in Channel Bend
Authors: Wang C. Y. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using intrinsic coordinates, the slip flow in a minute meandering channel is studied by perturbation about the small ratio of curvature to inverse half gap width. The exact solution for an annulus shows this ratio can be as large as 0.5 with less than 1% error. Velocity slip on the walls and the pressure drop depend on the slip factor. Formula for the pressure drop in a channel with a single bend is derived.
Parameter Identification in a Magnetic Suspension Force Transduction System
Authors: Stambaugh Corey , Abbott Patrick , Vlajic Nicholas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In force transduction systems, magnetic suspension can be used to facilitate the measurement of a force acting between two objects in different environments, namely, between the force transducer in one environment and the test object in another environment. In the past, it has been employed in densimetry and equations-of-state measurements of fluids and gases. An instrument being constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), referred to as the magnetic suspension mass comparator (MSMC), also employs force transduction between two environments to provide a direct means of vacuum-to-air mass dissemination. Within this work, we discuss the identification, through a combination of finite element analysis and experimental measurements, of the system parameters used for feedback control of the suspension. A Hall effect magnetometer is used to determine the position of the suspended object. Emphasis is placed on experimentally and numerically characterizing the magnetic field and its appropriate gradients to determine the set point of operation. The information presented here is useful for a variety of applications that utilize magnetic suspension for force transduction.
Numerical Investigations of Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Pump Inducer
Authors: Mansour Michael , Parikh Trupen , Engel Sebastian , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Inducers show generally a positive influence on the performance of centrifugal pumps in the two-phase regime, since they produce more uniform mixtures and increase the pressure before the impeller. However, the effect is much more pronounced in part-load compared to overload conditions. In this study, the air–water two-phase flow behavior in a pump inducer was numerically investigated. The main objectives were to clarify the effect of the inducer, the effective operating range, and to examine flow mixing. Several flow conditions were studied, covering part-load, optimal, and overload pumping conditions, together with different relevant gas volume fractions (1%, 3%, and 5%). The simulations were performed using a transient setup and a moving-mesh approach. Two-phase air–water interactions were modeled by the volume of fluid (VOF) method. After checking the proper discretization in space and time, the model was validated against experimental results, revealing excellent agreement. The numerical analysis was able to explain different effects of inducers in part-load and overload conditions. Under overload conditions, the flow separates, leading to the generation of axial vortices and to a negative pressure change across the inducer; additionally, the residence time is reduced, hindering mixing. These vortices are intensified as the gas volume fraction increases, reducing further the pressure downstream of the inducer. This is the reason why inducers can mainly be used in part-load and near optimal conditions in order to improve pumping of two-phase flows.
Hydrostatic Journal Bearing With Porous Pads and Improved Properties
Authors: Shaw Dein , Hsieh Hui-An 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A hydrostatic journal bearing with porous pads to improve its performance is designed. The porous pads, which are embedded in recesses of the hydrostatic journal bearing, not only allow lubricant to flow through them but also form a complete cylindrical surface with the bearing land. The load capacity of the hydrostatic bearing is thus maintained and the hydrodynamic effects strengthened. A theoretical model of the porous pads bearing is tested with the simulation software, and the parameters that critically affect the bearing performance are studied. Thus, the results obtained indicate that the porous pads bearing has higher load capacity and higher stiffness than a typical hydrostatic bearing with lower friction and lower end flow rate at high rotating speed.