bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent recalculation outperforms traditional measurement‐based IMRT QA methods in detecting unacceptable plans
Authors: Kry Stephen F. , Glenn Mallory C. , Peterson Christine B. , Branco Daniela , Mehrens Hunter , Steinmann Angela , Followill David S. 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of an independent recalculation and compare it against current measurement‐based patient specific intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) quality assurance (QA) in predicting unacceptable phantom results as measured by the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC).MethodsWhen institutions irradiate the IROC head and neck IMRT phantom, they are also asked to submit their internal IMRT QA results. Separately from this, IROC has previously created reference beam models on the Mobius3D platform to independently recalculate phantom results based on the institution's DICOM plan data. The ability of the institutions’ IMRT QA to predict the IROC phantom result was compared against the independent recalculation for 339 phantom results collected since 2012. This was done to determine the ability of these systems to detect failing phantom results (i.e., large errors) as well as poor phantom results (i.e., modest errors). Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using common clinical thresholds, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare across different thresholds.ResultsOverall, based on common clinical criteria, the independent recalculation was 12 times more sensitive at detecting unacceptable (failing) IROC phantom results than clinical measurement‐based IMRT QA. The recalculation was superior, in head‐to‐head comparison, to the EPID, ArcCheck, and MapCheck devices. The superiority of the recalculation vs these array‐based measurements persisted under ROC analysis as the recalculation curve had a greater area under it and was always above that for these measurement devices. For detecting modest errors (poor phantom results rather than failing phantom results), neither the recalculation nor measurement‐based IMRT QA performed well.ConclusionsA simple recalculation outperformed current measurement‐based IMRT QA methods at detecting unacceptable plans. These findings highlight the value of an independent recalculation, and raise further questions about the current standard of measurement‐based IMRT QA.
Funktionelle Oberflächen für 3‐D‐gedruckte Polymere
Authors: Neubert Thomas , Borris Jochen , Lachmann Kristina 
Published: June 2019

Abstract3‐D‐Druck kombiniert mit einer Atmosphärendruck‐Gasphasenabscheidungsquelle erlaubt, Beschichtungen mit funktionellen Gruppen auf Polymerbauteilen aufzutragen. Hierdurch lässt sich die Adhäsion steuern.
Zeitkapsel Zahnstein
Authors: Blicker Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBlaue Partikel im Zahnstein eines Skeletts erzählen die Geschichte einer Frau aus dem Mittelalter. Über diesen Fund hinaus erlauben Überreste im Zahnstein Erkenntnisse – von Ernährungsgewohnheiten bis hin zu Mikrobiom und Immunsystem.
„Da ist was dran“: 150 Jahre Periodensystem
Authors: Reschetilowski Wladimir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Idee, dass sich die Eigenschaften der Elemente mit steigendem Atomgewicht periodisch wiederholen sollten, hatte der russische Chemiker Dmitri Iwanowitsch Mendelejew schon länger mit sich herumgetragen. An einem Tag im Winter 1869 stellte er die Tabelle auf, die fortan Periodensystem der Elemente heißen sollte.
Von allen Seiten gegen Malaria
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Bemühung, die Infektionskrankheit Malaria weltweit zurückzudrängen, ist ins Stocken gekommen. Neue Ansätze gegen deren einzellige Krankheitserreger sind erforderlich – nicht nur bei den Molekülen, sondern auch bei Mücken und Menschen.
High‐performance hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites by in situ interfacial design of nanoclays
Authors: Zhang Jihua , Wang Hao , Zao Weitao , Feng Huadong , Zhao Yunfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConsidering industrial requests, it has become a hot issue to prepare advanced rubber composites with high strength and great toughness. Despite enhanced strength and stiffness, rubber composites suffer markedly reduced extensibility and toughness. Herein, a novel interfacial strategy is proposed to fabricate amine‐modified montmorillonite (MMT)/hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber composites by designing in situ ionic bond interfaces. The well‐distributed interfaces, which are composed of protonated amine groups on the MMT surfaces and electronegative methacrylic acid (MA), were constructed by adding a slurry with a small amount of MMT and MA to rubber. After the vulcanization, self‐polymerization of MA developed nanoparticles and grafting structures onto rubber chains to bond MMT by strong ion attractions. Although the crosslinking degree of rubber was reduced, the dispersion of MMT and its interfacial interactions with rubber were improved remarkably, as demonstrated by morphology observations, dynamic mechanical analysis and infrared spectra. As a result, the strength, modulus, elongation, toughness and gas barrier properties of the rubber composites were simultaneously strikingly improved relative to composites without MA modifiers. We believe that this work provides a promising methodology of fabricating high‐performance rubber composites. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Polyzwitterionic hydrogels as wound dressings with enzymatic debridement functionality for highly exuding wounds
Authors: Ruseva Konstans , Nedkov Petar , Alexandrova Radostina , Dinev Desislav , Shestakova Pavletta , Hristov Plamen , Vassileva Elena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWound debridement is crucial for proper wound care as it promotes fast and efficient wound healing through removal of necrotic tissue. The latter not only impairs new healthy tissue formation but also increases the odour and the wound exudate, allowing bacteria and other harmful foreign invaders to spread and infect the wound. Hydrogel wound dressings are usually applied for promoting autolytic wound debridement but this is slow and not a very efficient process. On the other hand, enzymatic products for wound debridement are either ointments or gels and they are easily washed out when used for treating highly exuding wounds. This study is an attempt to combine enzymatic debridement functionality with the high swelling ability of polyzwitterionic networks and to produce an innovative dressing with debridement functionality for the healing of highly exuding wounds. For this purpose, two polyzwitterionic hydrogels were synthesized, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) hydrogels, which were loaded with the protease subtilisin DY for imparting debridement functionality. The swelling ability and mechanical properties of zwitterionic polymer (ZP) hydrogels were shown to depend on their different propensities to physical network formation. Poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) hydrogels demonstrated better capacity for wound exudate absorption as well as for exerting higher enzymatic debridement activity. Both ZP hydrogels were shown to be non‐cytotoxic which confirms their appropriateness for direct contact with injured tissues. Thus, the newly developed ZP hydrogels demonstrate the potential to be used as new dressing materials with enzymatic debridement functionality for highly exuding wounds. © 2019 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation and performance of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels by frontal photopolymerization
Authors: Su Jiahui , Yang Yan , Chen Zhikang , Zhou Junyi , Liu Xiaoxuan , Fang Yanxiong , Cui Yanyan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, frontal photopolymerization was applied to the fabrication of thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels. The influence of experimental conditions and reactant components on the feature of the polymerization front was investigated. The morphology of the samples indicated the successful preparation of PNIPAm hydrogels. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of the obtained hydrogels are discussed. The results indicated that the performance of the hydrogels is related to their microstructure and the type of crosslinkers. The swelling behavior and drug delivery ability were determined under different temperature conditions. The hydrogels exhibit a classical thermoresponsive behavior, which was also demonstrated by the DSC results. Therefore, frontal photopolymerization can be an alternative method for the preparation of PNIPAm hydrogels under mild conditions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Psychosocial and clinical factors of probands impacting intrafamilial disclosure and uptake of genetic testing among families with BRCA1/2 or MMR gene mutations
Authors: Alegre Nathalie , Perre Pierre Vande , Bignon Yves Jean , Michel Aude , Galibert Virginie , Mophawe Ornellia , Corsini Carole , Coupier Isabelle , Chiesa Jean , Robert Laura , Bernhard Lydie , Picot Marie‐Christine , Bertet Héléna , Macioce Valérie , Bastide Noëlle , Solassol Jérôme , Rey Jean Marc , Thomas Frédéric , Carton Solange , Pujol Pascal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveIntrafamilial disclosure of hereditary cancer predisposition in BRCA1/2 and mismatch repair gene (MMR) syndromes allows appropriate prevention strategies in at‐risk relatives. We previously showed in a nationwide study that the uptake of genetic targeted testing (GTT) in these families was only 30%. We aimed to identify the clinical and psychosocial factors affecting the probands' intrafamilial disclosure and relatives' uptake of GTT in BRCA1/2 or MMR syndromes.MethodsWe assessed clinical variables, family history, and psychosocial variables of probands (depressive symptoms, anxiety, alexithymia, optimism, coping, family relationship, perception of cancer risks, and of hereditary transmission), together with disclosure and uptake of GTT within 103 French BRCA1/2 or MMR families.ResultsAmong relatives eligible for GTT, 68% were informed of the predisposition, and 37% underwent GTT, according to probands' reports. Intrafamilial disclosure was inversely associated with the degree of kinship (P < .01). In multivariable analysis, disclosure increased with time since probands' genetic diagnosis (P < .01) and probands' feeling of family cohesion (0.01). GTT uptake increased with probands' depressive symptoms (0.02) and decreased with probands' perception of cancer risks (0.03). BRCA1/2 and MMR groups did not differ concerning family information and GTT uptake.ConclusionsThis study identified factors affecting disclosure to relatives and GTT uptake in BRCA1/2 and MMR syndromes and gives new insights to improve probands' follow‐up and intrafamilial sharing of genetic information.
Complex systems modelling for statistical forecasting of winter North Atlantic atmospheric variability: A new approach to North Atlantic seasonal forecasting
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Wei Hua‐Liang , Hanna Edward 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeasonal forecasts of winter North Atlantic atmospheric variability have until recently shown little skill. Here we present a new technique for developing both linear and nonlinear statistical forecasts of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) based on complex systems modelling, which has been widely used in a range of fields, but generally not in climate research. Our polynomial NARMAX models demonstrate considerable skill in out‐of‐sample forecasts and their performance is superior to that of linear models, albeit with small sample sizes. Predictors can be readily identified and this has the potential to inform the next generation of dynamical models, and models allow for the incorporation of nonlinearities in interactions between predictors and atmospheric variability. In general there is more skill in forecasts developed over a shorter training period from 1980 compared with an equivalent forecast using training data from 1956. This latter point may relate to decreased inherent predictability in the period 1955–1980, a wider range of available predictors since 1980 and/or reduced data quality in the earlier period, and is consistent with previously identified decadal variability of the NAO. A number of predictors such as sea‐level pressure over the Barents Sea, and a clear tropical signal, are commonly selected by both linear and polynomial NARMAX models. Tropical signals are modulated by higher‐latitude boundary conditions. Both approaches can be extended to developing probabilistic forecasts and to other seasons and indices of atmospheric variability such as the East Atlantic pattern and jet stream metrics.
Sustainable economic growth in the European Union: The role ofICT, venture capital, and innovation
Authors: Pradhan Rudra P. , Arvin Mak B. , Nair Mahendhiran , Bennett Sara E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past 30 years, the economies in Europe have undergone major transformations that have been powered by diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT), intensification of innovation, and reforms in the financial sector to support innovative endeavors. The primary objective of this study was to examine the causal relationships amongICTdiffusion, innovation diffusion, venture capital investment, and economic growth for 25 countries in Europe for the period from 1989 to 2016. Using a vector error‐correction model, the study examines the underlying short‐run and long‐run relationships for the above variables. The empirical analysis shows that in the long run, venture capital investment,ICTdiffusion, and innovation diffusion have significant impacts on economic growth in Europe. However, in the short run, the direction of the causality varies depending on the specific measures ofICTdiffusion and innovation diffusion that are utilized. Results from this study provide valuable insights into the types of policies that will contribute to sustainable economic growth in Europe.
Multicenter randomized trial exploring effects of simulation‐based ultrasound training on obstetricians' diagnostic accuracy: value for experienced operators
Authors: Andreasen L. A. , Tabor A. , Nørgaard L. N. , Ringsted C. , Sandager P. , Rosthøj S. , Tolsgaard M. G. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the effects of simulation‐based ultrasound training on the accuracy of fetal weight estimation in the third trimester among obstetricians with different levels of clinical experience.MethodsThis was a multicenter, randomized pre–post‐test practical trial conducted between March 2016 and January 2018. Obstetricians with different levels of clinical experience were randomized to either simulation‐based ultrasound training focusing on fetal weight scans or no intervention. Participants completed two scans in pregnant women at term to establish baseline accuracy of fetal weight estimation. Another two scans were performed at follow‐up. Accuracy was defined by the percentage difference between estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight. Ultrasound image quality was rated by two expert raters.ResultsSeventy participants with different levels of clinical experience completed the study. Adjusting for clinical experience, the intervention group demonstrated an improvement in measurement accuracy of 31.9% (95% CI, 6.9–50.1%) (P = 0.02), whereas the control group did not improve (relative difference, 13.1% (95% CI, −17.9 to 55.9%); P = 0.45). The change in accuracy was significantly different between the groups (P = 0.02) and independent of clinical experience (P = 0.54). Image‐quality scores improved by a mean of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.4–2.1) (P < 0.01) in the intervention group, with no change in the control group (mean difference, 0.1 (95% CI, −0.8 to 1.0); P = 0.78). There was a strong negative correlation between time spent using the simulator and clinical experience (r = −0.70, P = 0.0001).ConclusionSimulation‐based ultrasound training improved accuracy and image quality when performing fetal weight estimation in women at term, independent of obstetricians' clinical experience. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The value of 3D reconstructions in determining post-operative reduction in acetabular fractures: a pilot study
Authors: Arts Elke , Nijsink Han , Verhamme Luc , Biert Jan , Bemelman Mike , Brouwers Lars , van Wageningen Bas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
In patients with acetabular fractures, the reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) model of the contralateral acetabulum could be used as a mirrored template for the anatomical configuration of the affected joint. This has not been validated.

Objective
To investigate whether the right and left acetabula, as reconstructed 3D models, are valid mirrored duplicates that can be used as a reference model for the contralateral side.

Methods
CT scans of twenty patients with unaffected acetabula were used. The symmetry of the generated 3D models was evaluated through: (1) mirroring of the acetabulum; (2) initial rough matching; (3) automatic optimisation of the matching via surface-based matching; (4) calculation of distances between surfaces by evaluating the Euclidean (straight-line) error distance between the closest points between left and right. The percentages of surface points of the left and right acetabulum with a distance smaller than 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm were calculated and evaluated, in relation to Matta’s criteria, for acetabular fracture reductions.

Results
The mean distance deviation was less than 0.75 mm in all 40 comparisons. The calculated distances in 90.7% of the surface points of the left and right acetabulum were below the tolerance threshold of 1.0 mm, based on Matta’s anatomical reduction criteria, and 98.7% of the surface points scored below Matta’s imperfect tolerance threshold of 2.0 mm.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates 3D reconstructed models of healthy left and right acetabula are highly similar and could potentially be used as mirrored duplicates. The next step will be to investigate these results in patients with reduced acetabular fractures.
Ownership structure and corporate social responsibility in an emerging market
Authors: Sahasranamam Sreevas , Arya Bindu , Sud Mukesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile scholarship exploring the impact of ownership structure on corporate social responsibility (CSR) has investigated firms in developed markets, less work has examined how ownership in firms from emerging markets influences community-related CSR. Both internal and external forces potentially drive community-related CSR decisions. It is hence important to understand the role of internal constraints arising due to agency problems along with institutional pressures from external stakeholders in emerging markets in shaping CSR. In this study, we draw on agency theory and sociological perspectives of institutions to explore variations in the motivation of different owners to pursue a socially responsible agenda. Our analysis of a sample of Indian firms for the period 2008–2015 illustrates that business group and family ownership is beneficial for community-related CSR. Our theoretical arguments and results highlight the importance of combining multiple lenses to assess the influence of ownership structures on CSR in emerging markets.
Assessing Secondary School Students’ Justifications for Supporting or Rejecting a Scientific Hypothesis in the Physics Lab
Authors: Ludwig Tobias , Priemer Burkhard , Lewalter Doris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractJustifications play a central role in argumentation, which is a core topic in school science education. This paper contributes to this field of research by presenting two studies in which we assess students’ justifications for supporting or rejecting hypotheses in the physics lab based on self-collected, anomalous experimental data, which are defined as data that contradict a prior belief, hypothesis, or concept. Study 1 analyzes the spectrum of possible justifications students give in semi-structured interviews and categorizes these into ten types:appeal to an authority,data as evidence,experimental competence (technical/skills),experimental competence (self-concept),ignorance, intuition,measurement uncertainties (explicit),measurement uncertainties (implicit),suitability of the experimental setup, anduse of theoretical concepts. Study 2 presents a questionnaire suitable for medium- and large-scale assessments that probes students’ use of four of these types of justifications:appeal to an authority,data as evidence,intuition, andmeasurement uncertainties (explicit).The questionnaire can be administered in 5–10 minutes and is designed for students in the eighth and ninth grades. We outline the development and quality of the assessment tools of both studies, reporting on the content validity, factorial validity, discriminant validity, convergent validity, and reliability of the questionnaire. The two studies shed light on the various justifications students use when evaluating anomalous data at a fine-grained level.
Laparoscopic versus robotic approach in rectal cancer
Authors: Valadão Marcus , Araujo Rodrigo Otavio , Linhares Eduardo , Jesus José Paulo de 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe treatment of rectal cancer is complex and responsible for sequelae due to the various therapeutic modalities, especially the surgical resection. The advent of minimally invasive surgery provided a faster postoperative recovery and a lower complication rate when compared to conventional surgery. The implementation of laparoscopic approach in rectal cancer was responsible for these better results, but the limitations of this method added to the development of robotics, raised the question of which minimally invasive method would be more advantageous in the approach of rectal cancer. The present review will address the most recent data regarding the comparison between the laparoscopic and robotic approach in rectal cancer.
The Calculation of Heat Transfer Coefficients from Skin Friction Coefficients in the Compressible Laminar Boundary Layer on an Aerofoil
Authors: Luxton R. E. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this note a relation is established between the correlation parameters obtained by Cohen and Reshotko from similar solutions of the compressible laminar boundary layer, and the Pohlhausen-type pressure gradient parameter used in the approximate methods devised by Luxton and Young. A simple graphical procedure is presented to allow heat transfer coefficients to be obtained from known skin friction coefficients in the presence of a pressure gradient. In view of the restrictions of the similar solutions it cannot be claimeda priorithat the method gives accurate results. It does, however, reflect the strong dependence of the heat-transfer skin-friction relation on the pressure gradient and, by reference to calculated results published previously, it is suggested that the method may give adequate accuracy under quite severe conditions.
Finite Plane Strain of Incompressible Elastic Solids by the Finite Element Method
Authors: Oden J. Tinsley 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe finite element method is extended to the problem of finite plane strain of elastic solids. A highly elastic body subjected to two-dimensional deformations is represented by an assembly of triangular elements of finite dimension. The displacement fields within each element are approximated by linear functions of the local coordinates. Non-linear stiffness relations involving generalised node forces and displacements are derived from energy considerations. For demonstration purposes, the non-linear stiffness equations are applied to the problems of finite simple shear and generalised shear. For finite simple shear, it is shown that these relations are in exact agreement with finite elasticity theory. Convergence rates of finite element representations of these problems are briefly examined.