bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composite phase-based metasurfaces for the generation of spin-decoupling orbital angular momentum single-photon sources
Authors: Huang Hongxin , Liu Xiaodi , Zhou Yongle , Li He , Li Juntao 
Published: December 2024

Solid-state quantum emitters, such as semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), have numerous significant applications in quantum information science. While there has been some success in controlling structured light from kinds of single-photon sources, the simultaneous on-demand, high-quality, and integrated generation of single-photon sources with various degrees of freedom remains a challenge. Here, we utilize composite phase-based metasurfaces, comprising transmission phase and geometric phase elements, to modulate the semiconductor QD emission through a simplified fabrication process. This approach enables to decouple the emission into left and right circularly polarized (LCP/RCP) beams in arbitrary directions (e.g., with zenith angles of 10° and 30°), producing collimated beams with divergence angles less than 6.0° and carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes with different topological charges. Furthermore, we examine the polarization relationship between the output beams and QD emission to validate the performance of our designed devices. Additionally, we achieve eight channels of single-photon emissions, each with well-defined states of spin angular momentum (SAM), OAM, and specific emission directions. Our work not only demonstrates an effective integrated quantum device for the on-demand manipulation of precise direction, collimation, SAM, and various OAM modes, but also significantly advances research efforts in the quantum field related to the generation of multi-OAM single photons.
Relationship between frequency of yogurt consumption at 1 year of age and development at 3 years of age: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Hirai Hiroko , Tanaka Tomomi , Matsumura Kenta , Tsuchida Akiko , Adachi Yuichi , Imai Chihaya , Inadera Hidekuni ,   and the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: December 2024

Background
Multiple observational studies have demonstrated the health benefits of yogurt, which are considered due to yogurt’s positive effects on the gut microbiota. It is also known that the intestinal microbiota is associated with cognitive and emotional functions. Although the intake of probiotics has been reported to improve neurodevelopmental symptoms in children, no large-scale studies have examined the association of yogurt consumption in early childhood with later neurodevelopmental status. In this study, we examined the association between frequency of such consumption at 1 year of age and the children’s subsequent neurodevelopmental status.

Methods
We studied children’s dietary consumption of yogurt at age 1 year and their neurodevelopment at age 3 years from data gathered from70,276 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. We collected data from pregnant women whose consent was obtained after the study was explained to them at participating facilities in the target area. Frequency of yogurt consumption was categorized into 0, 1–2, 3–4, and ≥ 5 times/week based on a questionnaire about the child’s diet completed by the mother. Developmental delay was assessed using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-3™) in five domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal-social. Using the results of the group that did not consume yogurt as a reference, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the neurodevelopment of children according to frequency of yogurt consumption. For the covariates, items related to the socio-economic background and children’s neurodevelopment were selected with reference to previous studies.

Results
Consumption of yogurt 1–4 times/week was associated with a reduced risk of developmental delay in all ASQ-3 categories(adjusted odds ratios, 0.71–0.87). However, the risk of developmental delay was not necessarily reduced with yogurt consumption ≥5 times/week (adjusted odds ratios, 0.84–0.96).

Conclusion
Yogurt consumption habits at 1 year of age were associated with a lower risk of developmental delay at 3 years of age. However, the association was less apparent when yogurt was consumed more frequently.
Possible mechanisms by which yogurt intake affects neurodevelopment include neurotransmitters produced by intestinal bacteria as well as the suppression of intestinal inflammation through improvements in the intestinal environment. Regular intake of yogurt in early childhood may have a positive association with neurodevelopment, but it is hoped that clearer links will be found in the future through intervention studies.
Optimizing learning outcomes in physical education: A comprehensive systematic review of hybrid pedagogical models integrated with the Sport Education Model
Authors: Zhang Junlong , Geok Soh Kim , Bai Xiaorong , Mohd Anuar Mohd Ashraff , Xiao Wensheng 
Published: December 2024

Background
There is a notable gap in systematic reviews concerning hybrid pedagogical models (PMs) integrated with the Sport Education Model (SEM) and their impact on students’ outcomes.

Purpose
Which hybrid PMs incorporating SEM are currently the mainstream choices in research, and what are the main factors supporting their integration? How does SEM function as a foundational model in these hybrid teaching approaches? What learning outcomes are optimized through the hybrid models that combine SEM with other PMs?

Methods
A systematic search was conducted in major databases in December 2023 following PRISMA guidelines. Out of the identified 1342 studies, 30 met the eligibility criteria, all of which were deemed to be of high quality.

Results
Seven hybrid types were identified, primarily composed of two PMs, among which the blend of SEM and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) emerges as the mainstream in current research. SEM, serving as the foundational structure, provides a stable framework for the hybrid, termed the "SEM + 1 model," yielding positive effects on enhancing students’ learning outcomes.

Conclusions
Pedagogical models align with PMs’ motivational aspects, thus enhancing learning outcomes. However, evidence for partial hybrids is lacking. Future research should explore diverse interventions, addressing coherence and teacher competence, while maintaining fidelity.
Association between cardiometabolic index and female infertility: A population-based study
Authors: Kong Lingxia , Ding Xian , Wang Qian , Xie Ruijie , Sun Fei , Zhou Ningying , Li Chunting , Chen Xiao , Qian Hong 
Published: December 2024

Background
One of the risk indicators of infertility is obesity. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) comprises obesity and blood lipids and is regarded as a novel indicator for evaluating obesity. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether it has any connection to infertility. This study set out to investigate the association between infertility and CMI.

Methods
Based on cross-sectional data from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), infertility and CMI statistics with complete information were selected. This study investigated the correlation between CMI and infertility using multivariate logistic regression analyses and subgroups. Use fitted smooth curves and threshold effect analysis to describe the nonlinear association between CMI and infertility.

Results
202 (13.31%) among the 1720 participants that got involved in the investigation were female infertile. Among the three models, the outcomes confirmed a positive correlation between CMI levels and the incidence of infertility (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01–1.24). Additionally, significant relationships were maintained in subgroup analysis (p > 0.05). Smooth curve fitting indicated a nonlinear positive connection between CMI and infertility, and an inflection point of 0.93 (log-likelihood ratio P < 0.05) was shown by threshold effect analysis.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest a significant relationship between CMI and infertility in American females. This helps identify high-risk groups for infertility, informing clinical practice and public health policy to improve metabolic and reproductive health.
Kajian Palinologi Famili Asteraceae di Lingkungan Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau
Authors: Fitria Rahmdani , Sofiyanti Nery 
Published: December 2024

Universitas Riau merupakan salah satu daerah penyebaran berbagai tumbuhan, termasuk famili Asteraceae. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakter morfologi polen jenis-jenis Asteraceae dari kawasan Universitas Riau Kampus Bina Widya Km 12,5 Simpang Baru, Pekanbaru, Provinsi Riau. Pengambilan sampel di lapangan dilakukan dengan metode eksplorasi. Pembuatan preparat polen menggunakan metode tanpa asetolisis dan asetolisis dan karakter morfologinya diamati menggunakan mikroskop Olympus CX-23. Sebanyak 11 karakter diskor dan dianalisis menggunakan Ntsyst untuk membuat dendrogram. Karakteristik polen jenis-jenis Asteraceae yang diteliti menunjukkan persamaan pada unit polen (monad), tipe polen berdasarkan ukuran (mediae) dan bentuk polen berdasarkan rasio polar ekuatorial yaitu subspheroidal. Tipe apertura yang dijumpai colpus dan porus, dengan tipe polen berdasarkan apertura adalah tricolpate (dua jenis), tricolporate (enam jenis) dan tetracolporate (satu jenis). Ornamentasi eksin pada semua jenis Asteraceae yang diamati yaitu echinate. Hasil analisis kekerabatan jenis-jenis Asteraceae yang diteliti berdasarkan karakter morfologi polen menunjukkan keragaman yang tinggi. Riau University is one of the areas where various plants are distributed, including the Asteraceae family. The purpose of this study was to study the morphological characters of the pollen of Asteraceae from University of Riau area Kampus Bina Widya Km 12,5 Simpang Baru, Pekanbaru, Riau. Sampling in the field was carried out by the exploratory method. Pollen preparations were prepared using non-acetolysis and acetolysis method and their morphological characters were observed using an Olympus CX-23 microscope. 11 characters were scored and analyzed using Ntsyst to create a dendrogram.The pollen characteristics of the Asteraceae species studied showed similarities in the pollen unit (monad), pollen type based on size (mediae) and pollen shape based on the equatorial polar ratio, namely subspheroidal. The types of apertures found in colpus and porus, with pollen types based on apertures are tricolpate (two species), tricolporate (six species) and tetracolporate (one species). The exine ornamentation of all Asteraceae species observed was echinate. The results of the kinship analysis of the examined Asteraceae species based on pollen morphological characters showed high diversity.
Histopatologi Hepar Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin setelah Pemberian Serbuk Rimpang Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.)
Authors: Tana Silvana , Mujiono Devi Salsabila , Suprihatin Teguh 
Published: December 2024

Konsumsi gula berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penyakit diabetes melitus yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan hingga kerusakan pada organ hepar. Streptozotocin bekerja selektif merusak sel β pankreas sehingga menyebabkan stres oksidatif dan penurunan kadar insulin darah. Kunyit mengandung senyawa kurkumin yang memiliki mekanisme antioksidan, antiinflamasi, hingga hepatoprotektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh serbuk kunyit terhadap histopatologi hepar tikus putih jantan setelah diinduksi streptozotocin. Analisis variabel pengamatan meliputi meliputi diameter hepatosit, diameter vena sentralis, bobot hepar, serta indeks hepatosomatik. Tikus pada penelitian ini diinduksi streptozotocin lalu diberi perlakuan selama 30 hari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan masing-masing 5 ulangan yang meliputi P0 (kontrol negatif tanpa pemberian serbuk kunyit), P1 (serbuk kunyit dosis 13,5 mg/ ekor), P2 (serbuk kunyit dosis 27 mg/ ekor), P3 (serbuk kunyit dosis 54 mg/ ekor). Variabel pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan dilanjut uji Duncan. Hasil analisis didapatkan bahwa pemberian serbuk kunyit berpengaruh secara nyata (P<0.05) terhadap diameter hepatosit, namun tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap diameter vena sentralis, bobot hepar, serta indeks hepatosomatik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah serbuk kunyit memiliki potensi dalam mempertahankan struktur hepar tikus putih akibat kerusakan yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Excessive sugar consumption led to diabetes mellitus, which caused health problems that damage the liver. Streptozotocin works selectively to damage pancreatic β cells, causing oxidative stress and decreased blood insulin levels. Turmeric contains curcumin compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective mechanisms. This study aimed to analyze the effect of turmeric powder on the hepatic histopathology of white rats after streptozotocin-induced. The rats used in this study were induced streptozotocin and then given treatment for 30 days. This study used a complete randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications which included P0 (negative control without turmeric powder), P1 (turmeric powder dose 13.5 mg/ head), P2 (turmeric powder dose 27 mg/ head), P3 (turmeric powder dose 54 mg/ head). Observational variables included hepatocyte diameter, central vein diameter, hepatic weight, and hepatosomatic index were analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the administration of turmeric powder had a significant effect (P<0.05) on hepatocyte diameter, but had no significant effect on central vein diameter, liver weight, and hepatosomatic index. The conclusion of this study was turmeric powder had the potential to maintain the liver structure of white rats due to streptozotocin-induced damage.
Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Mahdi Zainab Hussein , Alsaadi Lina S. , Hatem Zainab Amer , Abdalkareem Jasim Saade 
Published: December 2024

Escherichia coli is the most common type of Enterobacteriaceae family that causes urinary tract infections. This bacterium causes diseases due to its many virulence factors. During the study, (150) urine samples were collected for women with symptoms of UTIs aged between (20-50) years from 1/9/2021 to 1/4/2022. Forty-five isolates of E. coli were diagnosed using a biochemical test, a VITEK2 system, and molecular detection using traditional PCR. A molecular study was conducted on 25 of these isolates using conventional PCR and qRT-PCR to investigate the presence of genes included (16S rRNA, uidA, fimA and kpsMTII). The traditional PCR results showed the presence of both 16S rRNA and uidA gene in all 25 isolates of E. coli. In contrast, the results showed that 23 (92%) and 18 (72%) isolates possessed fimA and kpsMTII genes, respectively. Following the extraction of RNA from twenty-five pathogenic isolates of E. coli and ten non-pathogenic isolates, gene expression of fimA and kpsMTII was quantified using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The observed fold change indicates a potential overexpression of the KSPMII and FimA genes in uropathogenic E. coli. The expression of the kpsMTII gene showed the highest level of folding with an average of 22.89 in the case of uropathogenic E.coli isolates compared with non-pathogenic isolates (control) with an average of 4.11. While the expression of the fimA gene with the highest level of fold change with an average of 90.52 in the case of uropathogenic E.coli isolates compared with non-pathogenic isolates (control) with an average of 0.94, Significant differences were observed among the isolates, as indicated by P values less than 0.05. This finding demonstrated that qRT-PCR detects genes that were expressed in comparison with traditional PCR. Also, qRT-PCR is a more sensitive and accurate assay than conventional PCR for determining the quantitative prevalence of E. coli in urine samples.
417Cross-border Mobility of Insolvent Companies Within the European Union
Authors: Mastrullo Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Insolvent companies that meet the conditions of Article 54 of the TFEU and have access to the right of establishment provided for by Article 49 of the TFEU can, in principle, move freely within the European area. However, the cross-border mobility of insolvent companies presents a risk of abuse or fraud and may be detrimental to the rights of third parties. Therefore, the law on insolvency proceedings intervenes to provide a framework for this cross-border mobility by combating forum shopping and law shopping, while protecting local interests by means of private international law rules as well as substantive rules.
The teaching design and implementation of “Helicobacter pylori” in medical microbiology
Authors: Liu Chang , He Ping , Lu Hong , Sun Yundong , Zhang Zhuoyang , Dong Ke 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Medical microbiology represents a fundamental core curriculum for medical students. In order to adapt to the cultivation of high-level medical talents under the guidance of the concept of holistic education, the focus of this course is on the development of scientific thinking and professionalism. This paper took the example of Helicobacter pylori, an important pathogen in the digestive system, addressing the teaching design of this chapter in medical microbiology.

Teaching design
The design of this chapter includes learning objectives, teaching content, teaching model and assessment. The learning objectives were designed under the outcome-based education philosophy, integrating the three dimensions of attitude, skill and knowledge. The content of this chapter is designed to integrate a number of key concepts, including systematic thinking, critical thinking, the One Health perspective, and the mission and responsibility of infectious disease prevention and control. Question-oriented online-and-offline blended teaching model was adopted, and a multi-objective assessment system was applied.

Implementation
A series of questions were designed before, during, and after the class. These questions served as the primary focus of learning, guiding students through various teaching activities, including online self-study, offline discussion and analysis, and online extended learning. Concurrently, the evaluation is integrated throughout the teaching process, with particular emphasis on formative and process evaluations.

Conclusions
This teaching design facilitated the achievement of learning objectives and optimized the teaching effect. The students’ self-assessment of their overall improvement in knowledge, skills and attitude, as well as their high level of satisfaction with the classroom environment, is presented herewith. The teaching design of this chapter has a particular demonstrative effect.
“La ficción de un hombre dolido”: desencuentros paternofiliales en la escritura autobiográfica de Manuel Vilas
Authors: Venzon Ruben 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
En la producción literaria de Manuel Vilas existe una vertiente autobiográfica que, si bien culmina en Ordesa (2018) y continúa en Alegría (2019), tiene precedentes en su narrativa y obra poética previas, donde también se alude a vivencias reales del escritor. El núcleo temático de este filón no ficcional, que aborda sobre todo el dolor por la muerte de los padres, deriva hacia el examen personal de las relaciones paternofiliales del autor en calidad de hijo y, a su vez, como padre. A partir de la concepción psicoanalítica del duelo, este artículo estudia las dinámicas familiares más sintomáticas relatadas por Vilas, con el objetivo de demostrar cómo la literaturización de experiencias traumáticas le permite figurar mediante la escritura una reconciliación íntima con sus seres queridos.
“El caserío no se divide. De ningún modo”: disrupción de la familia tradicional y del matriarcado vasco en Amama (2015), de Asier Altuna, y Basa (2021), de Miren Amuriza
Authors: Martínez Deyros María 
Published: December 2024

Resumen
En este estudio se analizará cómo Asier Altuna y Miren Amuriza plantean una reflexión desde el arte de las consecuencias derivadas de la disrupción del sistema familiar tradicional vasco. Aunque adoptan puntos de vista diferentes, ambos coinciden en focalizar la problemática en el vínculo material y simbólico que el caserío mantiene, en especial, con las mujeres del grupo doméstico. De esta forma, las dos obras nos llevan a reconsiderar la noción de matriarcado, tan difundida en el imaginario de algunas zonas rurales del País Vasco.
How Much is Enough? Full Compensation and the Standardisation of Non-Pecuniary Damages
Authors: Parziale Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The tort or civil liability system plays an important role in the global economic landscape, affecting the lives of individuals and organisations by requiring transfers of money to injured persons as damages. Rooted in the principle of full compensation, the objective is to make injured persons whole again. However, quantifying non-pecuniary damages, the aim of which is the compensation of non-economic losses, presents significant challenges due to their lack of market prices. Consequently, various approaches have emerged, proposing different degrees of admixture of formalised guidance for adjudicators and room for discretion. Drawing also on qualitative interviews with adjudicators from Belgium, Ireland, Italy, and Sweden, this article argues for the standardisation of non-pecuniary damages, contending that they can promote horizontal and vertical equity in awards more effectively than more discretionary approaches. Potential objections to the standardisation of damages that may question its desirability (regarding human dignity, judicial independence, and the role of lobbies) are also discussed. Finally, the argument is made that, even if it became technically possible to accurately measure the actual amount of money that is needed to make an individual injured person feel that they have been made whole again, the standardisation of damages would still be preferable over perfect personalisation for principled reasons related to the rule of law and human dignity.
Clinical Negligence in an Age of Machine Learning: res ipsa loquitur to the Rescue?
Authors: Bartlett Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as ‘deep learning’ holds promise in healthcare but introduces novel legal problems. Complex machine learning algorithms are intrinsically opaque, and the autonomous nature of systems can produce unexpected harms, which leaves open questions around responsibility for error at the clinician/AI interface. This raises concerns for compensation systems based in negligence because claimants must establish that a duty exists and demonstrate the specific fault that caused harm.This paper argues that clinicians should not ordinarily be negligent for following AI recommendations, and developers are unlikely to hold a duty of care to patients. The healthcare provider is likely to be the duty holder for AI systems. There are practical and conceptual problems with comparing AI errors to human performance or other AI systems to determine negligence. This could leave claimants with unsurmountable technical and legal challenges to obtaining compensation. Res ipsa loquitur could solve these problems by allowing the courts to draw an inference of negligence when unexpected harm occurs that would not ordinarily happen without negligence. This legal framework is potentially well-suited to addressing the challenges of AI systems. However, I argue res ipsa loquitur is primarily an instrument of discretion, which may perpetuate legal uncertainty and still leave some claimants without a remedy.