bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Validation of the Sexual Distress Scale in Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Santos-Iglesias Pablo , Walker Lauren M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Different scales exist for the assessment of sexual distress in men with prostate cancer (PCa); however, these measures narrowly focus on distress associated with sexual function.

Aim
To validate and examine the psychometric properties of the Sexual Distress Scale (SDS) and Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (SDS-R), which were recently validated for use within men, in samples of sexually functional and sexually dysfunctional men with PCa.

Methods
A sample of 538 men (with and without PCa and with and without sexual dysfunction) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the SDS. Confirmatory factor analysis followed by tests of measurement bias, calculations of reliability, and estimation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the psychometric properties of the SDS and SDS-R. A subsample of 321 men completed the survey again 1 month later, and their responses were used to examine test-retest reliability.

Outcomes
Participants completed the SDS and SDS-R, as well as measures of sexual bother and sexual concerns, sexual function, sexual attitudes, and mood states.

Results
The SDS and SDS-R assess 1 general domain of sexual distress; 1 violation of measurement invariance was found between men with and men without PCa, which limits the comparability of scores between these 2 groups. Internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were above 0.93 and 0.82, respectively. Evidences of validity based on relations with other variables supported our predictions because sexual distress was associated with other measures of distress, sexual function, satisfaction, and mood and not correlated to sexual attitudes. Although the SDS and SDS-R discriminated between sexually functional and dysfunctional men, the accuracy of the cutoff scores was only moderate.

Clinical Translation
This instrument can be used by researchers and clinicians to examine sexual distress and can be used to elucidate how sexual distress relates to sexual function, well-being, and quality of life.

Strengths and Limitations
The SDS and SDS-R assess sexual distress independently of sexual function; however, with the current evidence, they should not be used to compare men with and men without PCa and to classify men with and men without sexual dysfunction.

Conclusion
This study provides a validation of the SDS and SDS-R that can be used in samples of men with PCa and with and without sexual dysfunction for the assessment of distress.
Erectile Dysfunction and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Zhang Youpeng , Wang Jin , Li Sen , Cheng Yongbiao , Guo Jialun , Tang Yong , Zeng Hanqing , Zhu Zhaohui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Some studies have reported that exposure to depression increases the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), whereas others have observed no association. Moreover, additional studies have reported that exposure to ED increases the risk of depression.

Aim
To identify and quantitatively synthesize all studies evaluating the association between ED and depression and to explore factors that may explain differences in the observed association.

Methods
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Medline, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Library through October 2017 for studies that had evaluated the association between ED and depression. Studies were included in accordance with Patient Population or Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Setting (PICOS) inclusion criteria.

Outcomes
The odds ratio (OR) was regarded as the effect size, and the heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results
We identified 49 eligible publications. The pooled OR for studies evaluating depression exposure and risk of ED was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.35–1.42; n = 46 publications with 48 studies). Although we observed large heterogeneity (I2 = 93.6%), subgroup analysis indicated that it may have been as a result of variations in study design, comorbidities, ED assessment, depression assessment, the source of the original effect size, etc. No significant publication bias was observed (P = .315), and the overall effect size did not change by excluding any single study. The pooled OR for studies evaluating ED exposure and risk of depression was 2.92 (95% CI: 2.37–3.60; n = 5 publications with 6 studies). No significant heterogeneity (P &lt; .257, I2 = 23.5%) or publication bias (P = .260) was observed.

Clinical Implications
Patients reporting ED should be routinely screened for depression, whereas patients presenting with symptoms of depression should be routinely assessed for ED.

Strengths and Limitations
There are several strengths to this study. First, evaluations of the association between ED and depression are timely and relevant for clinicians, policymakers, and patients. Second, we intentionally conducted 2 meta-analyses on the association, allowing us to include all potentially relevant studies. However, our study also possesses some limitations. First, the OR is a measure of association that only reveals whether an association is present. Thus, this study was unable to determine the direction of causality between ED and depression. Second, the high heterogeneity among studies makes it difficult to generalize the conclusions.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates an association between depression and ED. Policymakers, clinicians and patients should attend to the association between depression and ED.
Centers for medicare and medicaid services hospital-acquired conditions policy for central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and cather-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) shows minimal impact on hospital reimbursement
Authors: Calderwood Michael S. , Kawai Alison Tse , Jin Robert , Lee Grace M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveIn 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) stopped reimbursing for hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) not present on admission (POA). We sought to understand why this policy did not impact central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) trends.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcute-care hospitals in the United States.ParticipantsFee-for-service Medicare patients discharged January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2011.MethodsUsing inpatient Medicare claims data, we analyzed billing practices before and after the HAC policy was implemented, including the use and POA designation of codes for CLABSI or CAUTI. For the 3-year period following policy implementation, we determined the impact on diagnosis-related groups (DRG) determining reimbursement as well as hospital characteristics associated with the reimbursement impact.ResultsDuring the study period, 65,205,607 Medicare fee-for-service hospitalizations occurred at 3,291 acute-care, nonfederal US hospitals. Based on coding, CLABSI and CAUTI affected 0.23% and 0.06% of these hospitalizations, respectively. In addition, following the HAC policy, 82% of the CLABSI codes and 91% of the CAUTI codes were marked POA, which represented a large increase in the use of this designation. Finally, for the small numbers of CLABSI and CAUTI coded as not POA, financial impacts were detected on only 0.4% of the hospitalizations with a CLABSI code and 5.7% with a CAUTI code.ConclusionsPart of the reason the HAC policy did not have its intended impact is that billing codes for CLABSI and CAUTI were rarely used, were commonly listed as POA in the postpolicy period, and infrequently impacted hospital reimbursement.
Five-year trends in adenoviral conjunctivitis in employees of one medical center
Authors: Kuo Irene C. , Espinosa Colleen 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the 5-year findings after a policy to screen for, diagnose, and isolate medical center employees with adenoviral conjunctivitis was implemented.DesignObservational report with a retrospective evaluation of a current quality improvement initiative.SettingJohns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsJohns Hopkins Medicine employees.MethodsData were retrieved from records maintained for this initiative, in which employees with suspected adenoviral conjunctivitis were evaluated in the Occupational Health Clinic and swabbed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for adenoviral conjunctivitis. Signs, symptoms, work area, diagnoses, and disposition of employees with eye complaints as well as PCR result and adenoviral type were recorded. Five-year data were reviewed.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2016, of 10,000 full-time equivalent employees, 1,059 employees visited the Occupational Health Clinic with suspicion of adenoviral conjunctivitis. Of these, 104 (10%) were PCR positive for adenovirus. Of these PCR-positive employees, 26 (25%) had the worst clinical presentation, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). The Outpatient Pharmacy had the highest number of adenoviral conjunctivitis cases (n=9). The proportion of red-eye employees having PCR-positive adenoviral conjunctivitis increased over 5 years (P<.005, Cochrane-Armitage test for trend) as did the proportion of employees with EKC (P<.05). The proportion of employees with EKC caused by type 37 also increased (P<.05).ConclusionsAdenoviral conjunctivitis represents 10% of employee cases clinically suspected of this infection. Employees in patient-care areas should be screened even if they have no direct patient contact. Despite increases in the proportions of adenoviral conjunctivitis and of EKC over 5 years, no outbreaks occurred. This policy helps identify incipient EKC outbreaks and guides infection control efforts.
Labour market marginalisation in obsessive–compulsive disorder: a nationwide register-based sibling control study
Authors: Pérez-Vigil Ana , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Helgesson Magnus , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Mataix-Cols David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) on objective indicators of labour market marginalisation has not been quantified.MethodsLinking various Swedish national registers, we estimated the risk of three labour market marginalisation outcomes (receipt of newly granted disability pension, long-term sickness absence and long-term unemployment) in individuals diagnosed with OCD between 2001 and 2013 who were between 16 and 64 years old at the date of the first OCD diagnosis (n = 16 267), compared with matched general population controls (n = 157 176). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models, adjusting for a number of covariates (e.g. somatic disorders) and stratifying by sex. To adjust for potential familial confounders, we further analysed data from 7905 families that included full siblings discordant for OCD.ResultsPatients were more likely to receive at least one outcome of interest [adjusted HR = 3.63 (95% CI 3.53–3.74)], including disability pension [adjusted HR = 16.36 (95% CI 15.34–17.45)], being on long-term sickness absence [adjusted HR = 3.07 (95% CI 2.95–3.19)] and being on long-term unemployment [adjusted HR = 1.72 (95% CI 1.63–1.82)]. Results remained similar in the adjusted sibling comparison models. Exclusion of comorbid psychiatric disorders had a minimal impact on the results.ConclusionsHelp-seeking individuals with OCD diagnosed in specialist care experience marked difficulties to participate in the labour market. The findings emphasise the need for cooperation between policy-makers, vocational rehabilitation and mental health services in order to design and implement specific strategies aimed at improving the patients’ participation in the labour market.
Deconstructing variation in pragmatic function: A transdisciplinary case study
Authors: Wiltschko Martina , Denis Derek , D'Arcy Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDespite recent advances (e.g. Cheshire 2007; Pichler 2010; Denis 2015), discourse-pragmatic variables continue to challenge variationist theory and methods. An overarching dilemma concerns multifunctionality, raising difficulties for semantic equivalency and the circumscription of the variable context. In this article we present a case study to illustrate that deconstructing a discourse-pragmatic marker into its composite parts reveals clear criteria for disambiguating its principal function and its contextually derived functions. The discussion centres on the pragmatic marker eh in Canadian English. We illustrate that its multifunctionality is derivable from four parts: principal function, syntactic context, prosodic context, and discourse context. Our deconstruction uses a two-pronged methodology, drawing on storyboard elicitation and sociolinguistic interview data, which mutually reinforce our theoretical arguments. Under this transdisciplinary lens, the exponents of form and function become predictable, constrainable, and systematically derivable for probabilistic modelling within and across speech communities. (Confirmationals, multifunctionality, pragmatic markers, eh, speech acts)*
IV The Tchefuncte Artifacts
Authors: Ford James A. , Quimby George I. 
Published: June 2018

In this section of the report we have described the artifacts representative of the Tchefuncte culture as a whole. These artifacts were made of pottery, stone, bone, and shell—pottery vessels, however, are described in the next chapter.Clay Tubular Pipes.—Tubular pipes made of fired clay are a diagnostic trait of the Tchefuncte period (Fig. 7). Complete specimens averaged about 15 cm. in length and the stem diameter increases gradually from about 1.5 cm. to 2 cm. which is the average diameter of the tobacco chamber. Frequently these pipes have flattened mouth pieces (Fig. 7 a, d, f, p, q, s, t). A few specimens exhibit slight shoulders between the stem and the tobacco chamber (Fig. 7 l, m) and a few others have slightly flaring rims (Fig. 7 c, k).In most of the specimens there is a slight interior constriction between the tobacco chamber and the stem. The bore tapers gradually from the chamber to the mouthpiece where it has an average diameter of 6 mm. The tobacco chambers have an average interior diameter of 16 mm. About one-half of any pipe is tobacco chamber and the other half is stem.
A Revised Sequence for the South Titicaca Basin
Authors: Bennett Wendell C. 
Published: June 2018

Acareful review of field notes and collections from Tiahuanaco, Chiripa, and Pariti and comparison with the preliminary reports by Kidder on Pucara and M. Tschopik on the north Titicaca basin suggest a change in the position of Chiripa in the Bolivian sequences previously reported. The evidence for this change is briefly reviewed.The Chiripa mound has four major levels: (1) top soil, from 0 to .50 meters; (2) post-house level, from .50 to 2.0 meters; (3) house level, from 2.0 to 3.0 meters; (4) pre-house and premound levels, from 3.0 to 5.0 meters. The house and pre-house levels, (3) and (4), contain unmixed Chiripa materials. The post-house levels, (1) and (2), show a continuation of Chiripa materials plus an intrusive Decadent Tiahuanaco, represented by burials, sherds, a semi-subter-ranean temple, and a facing wall.
Site Summaries
Authors: Smith Marian W. 
Published: June 2018

Before turning to a systematic description of the archaeological sites of the Columbia-Fraser region, it will be well to review briefly the main sources of information. It may then be possible to bring together various of the sites and, with considerable tentativeness to be sure, associate them according to the cultural phases they represent. Some framework for the prehistory of the region may thus be obtained.Judge Wickersham's early data for western Washington led him to believe that it was a poor region “for the development of the Stone Age,” and that the Indian “made his implements of bone, shell, or wood, and these soon decayed.” He goes on, however, to mention mauls, adz blades, clubs, and pipes of polished stone, in addition to chipped points among which “ … local forms are rare, but so distinct in character from others, which are so clearly traced to eastern Washington, as to admit of but little doubt as to their local origin.” He apparently thought the archaeological materials were closely related to the objects used by living Indians. Ties between the peoples east and west of the Cascades were obvious on the ethnological level and Wickersham was, consequently, not surprised to find arrow points on the Sound which were reminiscent of the eastern section of the state.
Habitation Features
Authors: King Arden R. 
Published: June 2018

The excavation of the Cattle Point site brought to light several features and structures of man-made origin, or natural features utilized by man. Some of these structures are of such a nature that they present completely unique aspects of culture in the Gulf of Georgia-Puget Sound region. Their use and purpose in some instances is obvious; in other cases it is unknown.In the East Bluff area a series of stone slab structures of unknown use arouse the greatest curiosity since, as will be described below, they are of such a nature that only descriptions can be given; no conjecture as to use finds parallel in the ethnographical or archaeological literature of the Northwest Coast. Also in the East Bluff area was a series of clay and stone slab bowls associated with a thin, floor-like stratum which suggests cooking structures associated with a house floor. However, as will be seen below, this is not at all certain.
Elliptical Analysis: An Heuristic Technique for the Analysis of Artifact Clusters
Authors: Dekin Albert A. 
Published: June 2018

Perhaps the most neglected aspect of archaeological research in the Arctic has been the within-site dimension of archaeological data. Few archaeologists have “attempted to see their material as remains left by social groups” (Anderson 1968:397) and fewer still have attempted to infer patterns of social organization and the within-site organization of activities. One measure of the degree to which Arctic archaeologists have failed to contribute to contemporary archaeological method and theory is the fact that the 37-page bibliography of Contemporary Archaeology: A Guide to Theory and Contributions recently edited by Mark Leone (1972) contains not one reference to Arctic archaeology. In part, this is because much of the contents of this collection of papers considers data from the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica, but it also demonstrates that Arctic archaeologists have contributed little to discussions of archaeological method and theory.In a recent chapter on the development of Arctic archaeology (Dekin 1973), I expressed optimism regarding the potential theoretical contributions of archaeology in the Arctic, but this will not occur without a renewed emphasis on precise excavation, analytic sophistication, and a revitalized sense of “problem.”
Paleoeskimo Cultures of Northern Labrador
Authors: Tuck James A. 
Published: June 2018

This paper limits itself to a description of four complexes revealed by our excavations at Saglek Bay, northern Labrador, during the years 1969, 1970, and 1971. A “Pre-Dorset” complex and three phases of a considerably longer Dorset Eskimo occupation are examined and some comparison within the Saglek sequence and a few comparisons with nearby geographic areas are offered. No attempt is made to generalize about Paleoeskimo cultures in the entire Canadian Arctic, especially as regards causative relationships, since such attempts seem premature given our present lack of control over basic cultural and environmental data.Over two dozen Paleoeskimo components were excavated or surface-collected during our three years at Saglek Bay. Analysis is now nearly complete and four representative components from these sites have been selected to illustrate four more or less distinct cultures or culture phases in this little known region of eastern Canada.As sites were discovered at Saglek Bay they were given consecutive letter designations. The three sites considered herein are Upernavik Island Site K, a Pre-Dorset station, Rose Island Site E, which contained early and middle Dorset components, and Rose Island Site W, a late Dorset station. Each site location, the artifacts found therein, and evidence for chronology are summarized briefly below.
Paleoeskimo Occupations of the Labrador Coast
Authors: Fitzhugh William 
Published: June 2018

Paleoeskimo archaeology has a peculiar history in that it is best known by its more distinctive regional and chronological variants. Thus, we have had rather full reports from such edge-areas as Greenland (Knuth 1952; Larsen and Meldgaard 1958), Southampton Island (Collins 1956a, 1956b, 1957), and Newfoundland (Wintemberg 1939, 1940; Harp 1964). More recent fieldwork at Igloolik (Meldgaard 1960b, 1962), and full publication from northwestern Quebec (Taylor 1968a) and Lake Harbor (Maxwell 1973) have begun to close the information gap for the geographic core area of the Central Arctic. However, the continuing research by Taylor, McGhee, and Müller-Beck in the peripheral regions of Coronation Gulf, Banks, and Victoria Islands, by Nash and Harp in southern Hudson Bay, by McGhee on Devon Island, and by Tuck, Plumet, Fitzhugh and Linnemae in Labrador-Ungava and Newfoundland has made it even more necessary to tie these regions to developments in the demographically more stable central regions. A large number of questions, such as relationships with a fluctuating environment, population shifts, and regional interrelationships, hinge on more complete information for the Dorset core area.One area that until recently remained completely unknown was the Labrador coast (Taylor 1964a). This 800-mile stretch of coastline carries a strip of tundra environment south from Hudson Strait to Newfoundland, and its rich marine resources, including a large seasonal harp seal population, provided a suitable habitat for early Eskimo culture, as well as the only feasible migration route from the northern regions into Subarctic Newfoundland.
The Arctic Small Tool Horizon: A Behavioral Model of the Dispersal of Human Population into an Unoccupied Niche
Authors: Dekin Albert A. 
Published: June 2018

There can be little doubt that the majority of the area through which the Arctic Small Tool horizon spread was unoccupied by human populations. This is particularly true of the Eastern Arctic, with the exception of the southern fringes where they may have come into contact with Archaic peoples near the ecotone between the tundra and the taiga. In the Western Arctic, it is apparent that there had been earlier human populations in many areas, but these later migrants appear to have occupied a previously unoccupied ecological niche. Geographically, they spread along the Arctic coasts until they had reached the maximum extent of seasonally frozen coasts, usually with adjacent tundra. While it may be that the rising sea level had flooded earlier evidence of such a coastal occupation arid that this habitat had not been unoccupied as it now appears, the present data support the inference that Arctic Small Tool populations were the first to accomplish a successful adaptation to these particular conditions in the American Arctic. For the present, I wish to focus on this coastal aspect of Arctic Small Tool peoples, ignoring (or not modeling) the expanded distribution of sites in interior Alaska which also occurred at this time.