bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved dialytic removal of protein-bound uremic toxins by intravenous lipid emulsion in chronic kidney disease rats
Authors: Shi Yuanyuan , Zhang Yumei , Tian Huajun , Wang Yifeng , Shen Yue , Zhu Qiuyu , Ding Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundProtein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) have received extensive attention, as their accumulation leads to pleiotropic toxic biological effects, while the removal of these solutes by conventional dialysis therapies is severely hampered. This study aimed to examine whether increased removal of PBUTs could be achieved with intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE).MethodsPBUTs such as 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF), p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS) were spiked with human serum albumin (HSA) solution and the inhibitory effects of free fatty acid (FFA) on the binding of CMPF, PCS and IS to HSA were examined separately in vitro by ultrafiltration. In vitro dialysis of albumin solution was then performed to investigate the effects of fatty acid (FAs) mixtures infusion on the fractional removal of PBUTs. Finally, the inhibitory effect of FFA on the binding of PBUTs to albumin was examined in uremic rats, and blood purification therapy was conducted to calculate the reduction ratio (RR) and the total solute removal (TSR) of solutes.ResultsThe percentage protein binding of CMPF, PCS and IS decreased significantly with increasing FFAs concentrations, and the inhibitory effect was more remarkable with the addition of oleic acid or linoleic acid than that of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In vitro infusion of FAs increased the fractional removal of CMPF to 14.40 ± 2.38%. PCS, IS and indole-3-acetic acid removal increased from 8.00 ± 2.43%, 11.68 ± 1.54% and 15.38 ± 3.97%, respectively, at baseline to 28.21 ± 5.99%, 35.42 ± 5.27% and 40.18 ± 5.05%, respectively, when FAs were present. In vivo, rat serum concentrations of free PBUTs were significantly higher in the ILE group than in the control group, and administration of ILE resulted in higher RRs and more TSR for PBUTs after 3 h of hemodialysis (HD) therapy compared with the control group.ConclusionsAdministration of ILE effectively increased the dialytic removal of PBUTs. This method could be applied to current HD therapy.
Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue Using Robotic Neuroblate System (LAANTERN): Procedural Safety and Hospitalization
Authors: Rennert Robert C , Khan Usman , Bartek Jiri , Tatter Stephen B , Field Melvin , Toyota Brian , Fecci Peter E , Judy Kevin , Mohammadi Alireza M , Landazuri Patrick , Sloan Andrew E , Kim Albert H , Leuthardt Eric C , Chen Clark C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) has demonstrated potential utility for a spectrum of difficult to treat neurosurgical pathologies in multiple small and/or retrospective single-institutional series. Here, we present the safety profile of SLA of intracranial lesions from the Laser Ablation of Abnormal Neurological Tissue using Robotic NeuroBlate System (LAANTERN; Monteris Medical) multi-institutional, international prospective observational registry.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the procedural safety of SLA for intracranial lesions.

METHODS
Prospective procedural safety and hospitalization data from the first 100 treated LAANTERN patients was collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
Mean age and baseline Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) were 51(± 17) yr and 83(± 15), respectively. In total, 81.2% of patients had undergone prior surgical or radiation treatment. Most patients had a single lesion (79%) ablated through 1 burr hole (1.2 ± 0.7 per patient), immediately following a lesion biopsy. In total, >90% of the lesion was ablated in 72% of treated lesions. Average total procedural time was 188.2 ± 69.6 min, and average blood loss was 17.7 ± 55.6 ccs. The average length of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays before discharge were 38.1 ± 62.7 h and 61.1 ± 87.2 h, respectively. There were 5 adverse events (AEs) attributable to SLA (5/100; 5%). After the procedure, 84.8% of patients were discharged home. There was 1 mortality within 30 d of the procedure (1/100; 1%), which was not attributable to SLA.

CONCLUSION
SLA is a safe, minimally invasive procedure with favorable postprocedural ICU and hospital utilization profiles.
An Analysis of Tobacco Placement in YouTube Cartoon Series The Big Lez Show
Authors: Ferguson Shelagh , Smith Jack , Hoek Janet 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Social media platforms such as YouTube provide largely unregulated opportunities for covert tobacco product placement that immerse viewers in evolving narratives and surrounding fan-created material. A Winfield Blues product placement appeared in series 3 of The Big Lez Show, a “crude comedy,” DIY animation web series that has garnered more than 70 million views.

Methods
We used a netnographic approach that adapts the traditional, in-person participant observation techniques of ethnography to investigate this online fan and associated paratexts, and conducted a frame-by-frame analysis of the most pertinent 12 minutes and 5 seconds of animation, and 250 pages of paratexts.

Results
The Big Lez show links “Winnie Blues” to seemingly authentic virtual content, including memes, merchandise, discussion groups, and even smartphone apps. These para, or secondary texts, surround the original content, provide opportunities for brand co-creation in online fan forums, and integrate tobacco brands in everyday life.

Conclusions
The Big Lez Show integrates Winnie Blues with popular culture and raises important questions about how social media facilitates tobacco product placement. Policy responses include encouraging social media platforms to include tobacco within webmaster guidelines and requiring site owners to demonstrate their content reaches only those legally able to purchase tobacco.

Implications
Contemporary entertainment using social media platforms can create immersive contexts that present an elusive and ongoing challenge to tobacco control policies. The Big Lez Show’s use of the Winnie Blues brand imagery spawned memes, merchandise, and smartphone apps that amplified the brand’s reach and connection with young people. Policy responses include stronger requirements that webmasters include tobacco product placement within their guidelines or requirements that site owners featuring tobacco imagery demonstrate their sites do not reach those aged below the age at which tobacco may be legally purchased.
Dagger completions and bornological torsion-freeness
Authors: Meyer Ralf , Mukherjee Devarshi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe define a dagger algebra as a bornological algebra over a discrete valuation ring with three properties that are typical of Monsky–Washnitzer algebras, namely, completeness, bornological torsion-freeness and a certain spectral radius condition. We study inheritance properties of the three properties that define a dagger algebra. We describe dagger completions of bornological algebras in general and compute some non-commutative examples.
The Life Cycle of Corporate Venture Capital
Authors: Ma Song 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates why industrial firms conduct Corporate Venture Capital (CVC) investment in entrepreneurial companies. I test alternative views on CVC by exploiting the entry, investment, and termination decisions of CVC divisions. CVC entry concentrates in firms that experience deteriorations of internal innovation. At the investment stage, CVCs select startups with a similar technological focus but that have a non-overlapping knowledge base, and they integrate technologies generated from these ventures that create strategic value. CVCs are terminated when parent firms’ innovation recovers. Overall, the strategic desire to fix innovation weaknesses after adverse shocks motivates firms to adopt CVCs.Received November 15, 2017; editorial decision March 2, 2019 by Editor Francesca Cornelli. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Cervical Spine Movement During Awake Orotracheal Intubation With Fiberoptic Scope and McGrath Videolaryngoscope in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Cervical Spine Instability: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Dutta Kaustuv , Sriganesh Kamath , Chakrabarti Dhritiman , Pruthi Nupur , Reddy Madhusudan 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Cervical spine movement during intubation with direct laryngoscopy can predispose to new-onset neurological deficits in patients with cervical spine instability. While fiberoptic-guided intubation (FGI) is mostly preferred in such patients, this is not always possible. Videolaryngoscopy results in less cervical spine movement than direct laryngoscopy and may be an alternative to FGI in patients with cervical spine instability. The objective of this study was to compare cervical spine movement during awake FGI with those during awake McGrath videolaryngoscope-guided intubation (VGI) in patients undergoing surgery for cervical spine instability.

Methods:
Forty-six adult patients with upper cervical spine instability scheduled for stabilization surgery were randomized to awake FGI or awake VGI. Cervical spine movement during intubation was assessed by changes in lateral fluoroscopic-measured angles (α and β at C1/C2 and C3 levels, respectively) at 3 time points: T1, preintubation; T2, during intubation; T3, postintubation. Motor power was assessed before and after intubation.

Results:
Patient demographics and airway characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Cervical spine motion (in degrees) during intubation was significantly greater with VGI than FGI at C1/C2 (T3-T1, −8.02±8.11 vs. −1.47±3.31; P<0.001) but not at C3 (T3-T1, −2.17±5.16 vs. −1.85±3.29; P=0.960). No patient developed new-onset motor deficits following intubation in either group.

Conclusions:
Compared with FGI, VGI results in a greater degree of cervical spine movement at C1/C2 but not at C3.
Disaster Scenarios in Spine Surgery
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Amir , Yilmaz Emre , Fisahn Christian , Drazin Doniel , Blecher Ronen , Uppal Maninderdip , Phernetton Brandi L. , Altafulla Juan , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: March 2019

Study Design.
Survey analysis among spine surgeons.

Objective.
To identify current consensus and discrepancies in managing adverse intraoperative events among spine surgeons.

Summary of Background Data.
Major intraoperative events are not commonly the subject of formal medical training, in part due to the relative paucity of their occurrence and in part due to an insufficient evidence base. Given the clinical impact of appropriate complication management, it is important to identify where surgeons may be able to improve decision making when choosing interventions.

Methods.
A survey was created including five hypothetical unpredicted scenarios affecting different organ systems to assess the respondents’ preferred reactions. The five clinical vignettes that were selected by the researchers involved: 1) loss of spinal signals in neuro-monitoring, 2) prone position cardiac arrest, 3) prone position hypoxia during thoracic corpectomy and instrumentation, 4) supine cervical vertebral artery injury, and 5) sudden onset hypotension in major prone position reconstructive spine surgery. Twenty-eight surveys (Spine Fellows n = 11; Spine surgeon Faculty n = 17) were completed and returned to the investigators. Results were sorted and ranked according to the frequency each action was identified as a top five choice.

Results.
Following formal statistical evaluation loss of signals in neuro-monitoring had the statistically significantly most uniform response while the scenario involving cardiac compromise had the most heterogeneous. Many “best” responses had near or complete consensus while some “distractor” possibilities that could harm a patient were also selected by the respondents.

Conclusion.
The heterogeneity of responses in the face of “disaster scenario” intraoperative events shows there is room for more thorough and directed education of spine surgeons during training. As surgical teaching moves toward increased use of patient simulation and situational learning, these vignettes hopefully serve to provide direction for training future spine surgeons on how best to approach difficult situations.

Level of Evidence: 4
Pedicle Stress Injury in Children and Adolescents With Low Back Pain
Authors: Ekin Elif Evrim , Altunrende Muhittin Emre 
Published: March 2019

Study Design.
A cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study.

Objective.
To examine the prevalence of the pedicle stress injury, spondylolysis in children and adolescents with low back pain. And secondly, to test the hypothesis that these pathologies are associated with lumbar lordosis angle.

Summary of Background Data.
The prevalence of the pedicle stress injury has not been investigated in children with low back pain. In recent studies, lumbar lordosis angle was associated with spondylolysis, on the other hand the pedicle stress injury was not investigated yet.

Methods.
In this retrospective study, 789 consecutive lumbar magnetic resonance imaging under 18 years of age were reviewed between January 2015 and July 2018. Seven hundred magnetic resonances imaging among them were included in the study (mean age: 14.87 ± 2.41 yrs; range: 4–17). Prevalence of spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, pedicle stress injury, pedicle deformation, disc degeneration, and increased lordosis was investigated and compared in terms of sex. The relationship between increased lordosis and other pathologies was evaluated with risk ratio. Nominal variables were evaluated between the two groups using chi-square, Mann–Whitney U test.

Results.
Prevalence of pedicle stress injury (12.7%), spondylolysis (8.7%), spondylolisthesis (4.1%), pedicle deformation (3.1%), disc degeneration (24%), increase in lordosis (17.4%) was found. Spondylolysis and pedicle injury were more frequent in males (P = 0.025, P < 0.001, respectively). Increased lordosis was more frequent in females (P < 0.001). Pedicle stress injury was frequently observed between 13 to 17 years and often an isolated lesion (69.6%). Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, pedicle deformity were more frequent in increased lordosis (P < 0.001), whereas pedicle injury frequency was not found to be different (P = 0.997).

Conclusion.
Pedicle stress injury is a common cause of back pain under 18 years of age, more common in males, and often an isolated lesion. No relationship was found between pedicle stress injury and increased lordosis, unlike other pathologies.

Level of Evidence: 3
Interleukin 6 decreases nociceptor expression of the potassium channel KV1.4 in a rat model of hand–arm vibration syndrome
Authors: Alvarez Pedro , Bogen Oliver , Levine Jon D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChronic muscle pain is a prominent symptom of the hand–arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), an occupational disease induced by exposure to vibrating power tools, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We evaluated the hypothesis that vibration induces an interleukin 6 (IL-6)-mediated downregulation of the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 (KV1.4) in nociceptors leading to muscle pain. Adult male rats were submitted to a protocol of mechanical vibration of the right hind limb. Twenty-four hours after vibration, muscle hyperalgesia was observed, concomitant to increased levels of IL-6 in the gastrocnemius muscle and decreased expression of KV1.4 in the dorsal root ganglia. Local injection of neutralizing antibodies against IL-6 attenuated the muscle hyperalgesia induced by vibration, whereas antisense knockdown of this channel in the dorsal root ganglia mimicked the muscle hyperalgesia observed in the model of HAVS. Finally, knockdown of the IL-6 receptor signaling subunit glycoprotein 130 (gp130) attenuated both vibration-induced muscle hyperalgesia and downregulation of KV1.4. These results support the hypothesis that IL-6 plays a central role in the induction of muscle pain in HAVS. This likely occurs through intracellular signaling downstream to the IL-6 receptor subunit gp130, which decreases the expression of KV1.4 in nociceptors.
Genetic mapping in Diversity Outbred mice identifies a Trpa1 variant influencing late-phase formalin response
Authors: Recla Jill M. , Bubier Jason A. , Gatti Daniel M. , Ryan Jennifer L. , Long Katie H. , Robledo Raymond F. , Glidden Nicole C. , Hou Guoqiang , Churchill Gary A. , Maser Richard S. , Zhang Zhong-wei , Young Erin E. , Chesler Elissa J. , Bult Carol J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Identification of genetic variants that influence susceptibility to pain is key to identifying molecular mechanisms and targets for effective and safe therapeutic alternatives to opioids. To identify genes and variants associated with persistent pain, we measured late-phase response to formalin injection in 275 male and female Diversity Outbred mice genotyped for over 70,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. One quantitative trait locus reached genome-wide significance on chromosome 1 with a support interval of 3.1 Mb. This locus, Nociq4 (nociceptive sensitivity quantitative trait locus 4; MGI: 5661503), harbors the well-known pain gene Trpa1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1). Trpa1 is a cation channel known to play an important role in acute and chronic pain in both humans and mice. Analysis of Diversity Outbred founder strain allele effects revealed a significant effect of the CAST/EiJ allele at Trpa1, with CAST/EiJ carrier mice showing an early, but not late, response to formalin relative to carriers of the 7 other inbred founder alleles (A/J, C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvImJ, NOD/ShiLtJ, NZO/HlLtJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ). We characterized possible functional consequences of sequence variants in Trpa1 by assessing channel conductance, TRPA1-TRPV1 interactions, and isoform expression. The phenotypic differences observed in CAST/EiJ relative to C57BL/6J carriers were best explained by Trpa1 isoform expression differences, implicating a splice junction variant as the causal functional variant. This study demonstrates the utility of advanced, high-precision genetic mapping populations in resolving specific molecular mechanisms of variation in pain sensitivity.
Effect of Sertraline, Dosulepin, and Venlafaxine on Non-BDNF Neurotrophins in Patients With Depression
Authors: Mishra Biswa Ranjan , Maiti Rituparna , Nath Santanu , Sahoo Pallabi , Jena Monalisa , Mishra Archana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression has been mostly studied with a focus on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) leading to lack of data on non-BDNF neurotrophins (NTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antidepressant drugs on changes in serum nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4).

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted on 105 patients with depression who were subgrouped to the group 1 (mild and moderate depression without somatic syndrome treated with sertraline), group 2 (mild and moderate depression with somatic syndrome treated with dosulepin), and group 3 (severe depression without psychotic symptoms treated with venlafaxine). At baseline, the severity of depression (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS]), serum NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 were estimated. Thirty-five healthy volunteers were recruited as controls for a baseline comparison of NTs. All patients were followed up after 6 weeks to evaluate the changes in NT levels and correlate it with the change in MADRS scores.

Results
At baseline, NT levels were significantly lower in patients with depression in comparison with healthy control. In group 1, serum NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 level were found to increase significantly after treatment, whereas changes in groups 2 and 3 were statistically not significant. Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale score and serum NGF at baseline had an inverse relation (r = −0.648), whereas the change in MADRS score in sertraline group had a positive correlation (r = 0.86) with the change of serum NGF.

Conclusions
Monotherapy with sertraline increased the level of non-BDNF NTs; however, treatment with dosulepin and venlafaxine did not produce any significant changes in patients with depression.
Effect of Red Yeast Rice on Cognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia
Authors: Bruno Antonio , Pandolfo Gianluca , Crucitti Manuela , Troili Giulia Maria , Battaglia Fortunato , Zoccali Rocco Antonio , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Cognitive deficits (CDs) in schizophrenia affect poor outcome and real-world community functioning. Because redox imbalance has been implicated, among other factors, in the pathophysiology of CDs, antioxidant compounds may have a beneficial effect in their treatment. Red yeast rice (RYR), besides its lipid-lowering effect, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

Methods
Thirty-five schizophrenia outpatients (age range, 18–60 years) on stable antipsychotic treatment and assessed by neuropsychological (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST], Verbal Fluency, and Stroop task) and psychodiagnostic instruments (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale) received RYR at daily dosage of 200 mg/d (total monacolin K/capsule content, 11.88 mg) for 12 weeks.

Results
Red yeast rice supplementation significantly improved WCST “perseverative errors” (P = 0.015), “total errors” (P = 0.017, P = 0.001), and phonemic fluency test (P = 0.008); a trend for improvement on other WCST variables (“nonperseverative errors,” “perseverative responses,” and “categories”) was observed. Effect sizes, according to Cohen's suggestions, were small in all explored cognitive dimensions. There were no significant change in clinical symptoms and no subject-reported adverse effects.

Conclusions
Despite several limitations (open design, lack of a control group, short period of observation, small sample size, mode of controlling patients' compliance, the lack of assessment of patients' functional improvement), results suggest that RYR supplementation may be a potentially promising strategy for addressing CDs in schizophrenia; further randomized, placebo-controlled studies are needed to better evaluate the potential role of RYR for the treatment of CDs in schizophrenia.