bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality and applications of wind data from sound detection and ranging (SODAR) equipment and microwave wind profilers
Authors: Chan P. W. , Chiu Y. Y. , Li Q. S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe quality and applications of vertical velocity data from SODAR and radar wind profilers are examined in this paper. The vertical velocity data from collocated SODAR and boundary layer type wind profilers are compared for a period of 7 months. It is found that the two datasets are well correlated, but the slope of the linear fit to the data has a significant deviation from 1. This may be related to the difference in the sampling volumes of the vertical beams from the two instruments. The correlation for horizontal wind data was found to be much stronger. Three applications of the vertical velocity data are discussed: subsidence in the outer periphery of a tropical cyclone and in hazy weather, and the upward motion of the air in convective weather. Data such as those under study here are found to contribute significantly to the monitoring and understanding of weather conditions, and would be useful for the nowcasting of lowvisibility and convective weather.
An analysis of codon bias in six red yeast species
Authors: Camiolo Salvatore , Toome‐Heller Merje , Aime M. Catherine , Haridas Sajeet , Grigoriev Igor V. , Porceddu Andrea , Mannazzu Ilaria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRed yeasts, primarily species of Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, and other genera of Pucciniomycotina, are traditionally considered proficient systems for lipid and terpene production, and only recently have also gained consideration for the production of a wider range of molecules of biotechnological potential. Improvements of transgene delivery protocols and regulated gene expression systems have been proposed, but a dearth of information on compositional and/or structural features of genes has prevented transgene sequence optimization efforts for high expression levels. Here, the codon compositional features of genes in six red yeast species were characterized, and the impact that evolutionary forces may have played in shaping this compositional bias was dissected by using several computational approaches. Results obtained are compatible with the hypothesis that mutational bias, although playing a significant role, cannot alone explain synonymous codon usage bias of genes. Nevertheless, several lines of evidences indicated a role for translational selection in driving the synonymous codons that allow high expression efficiency. These optimal synonymous codons are identified for each of the six species analyzed. Moreover, the presence of intragenic patterns of codon usage, which are thought to facilitate polyribosome formation, was highlighted. The information presented should be taken into consideration for transgene design for optimal expression in red yeast species.
The charm/bottom quark mass from heavy quarkonium at N3LO
Authors: Peset Clara , Pineda Antonio , Segovia Jorge 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe determine the charm and bottom quark masses using the N3LO perturbative expression of the ground state (pseudoscalar) energy of the bottomonium, charmonium andBcsystems: theηb,ηcandBcmasses. We work in the renormalon subtracted scheme, which allows us to control the divergence of the perturbation series due to the pole mass renormalon. Our result for the$$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$MS¯masses reads$$ {\overline{m}}_c\left({\overline{m}}_c\right)=1223(33) $$m¯cm¯c=122333MeV and$$ {\overline{m}}_b\left({\overline{m}}_b\right)=4186(37) $$m¯bm¯b=418637MeV. We also extract a value ofαsfrom a renormalon-free combination of theηb,ηcandBcmasses:αs(Mz) = 0.1195(53). We explore the applicability of the weak coupling approximation to bottomoniumn= 2 states. Finally, we consider an alternative computational scheme that treats the static potential exactly and study its convergence properties.
Resection of Hepatic Lesions Perfused by the Cholecystic Vein Using Indocyanine Green Navigation in Patients with cT2 Gallbladder Cancer
Authors: Chiba Naokazu , Shimazu Motohide , Ochiai Shigeto , Yokozuka Kei , Gunji Takahiro , Okihara Masaaki , Sano Toru , Tomita Koichi , Tsutsui Rina , Oshima Go , Takano Kiminori , Abe Yuta , Hirano Hiroshi , Kawachi Shigeyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundVarious approaches to hepatectomy have been proposed for cT2 gallbladder cancers (GBC), but the optimal management strategy remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using an indocyanine green (ICG)‐based intraoperative navigation system during hepatic resection for cT2 GBC.MethodsFrom September 2007 to December 2017, 24 consecutive patients diagnosed with cT2 GBC underwent hepatic resection using ICG navigation. After cannulation of the cholecystic artery, ICG diluted with dissolution liquid was injected and ICG fluorescence illumination was visualized with the HyperEye Medical System. And additional histopathological examination was performed on the most recent 15 of the 24 patients for detection of microscopic liver metastasis.ResultsFor all patients, the disease‐free survival rate was 59.1% at 5 years and overall survival rate was 86.2% at 5 years. Microscopic liver metastasis was detected in the resected liver in 3 (20%) of 15 patients, whose site of liver was S6, S5, and S5, respectively. The weight of the liver resected using ICG navigation was significantly smaller than that of S4a/S5 segmentectomy (P < 0.0001).ConclusionResected hepatic lesion using ICG imaging was possible to perform hepatectomy including liver micro‐metastasis without excess or deficiency. This procedure might be novel intraoperative imaging method to provide valuable information on the optimal surgical approach to cT2 GBC.
Usefulness of Stereotactic Radiotherapy Using the CyberKnife for Patients with Inoperable Locoregional Recurrences of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ishigaki Takayuki , Uruno Takashi , Tanaka Tomoaki , Ogimi Yuna , Masaki Chie , Akaishi Junko , Hames Kiyomi Y. , Yabuta Tomonori , Suzuki Akifumi , Tomoda Chisato , Matsuzu Kenichi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Sugino Kiminori , Ito Koichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection is the preferred treatment for locoregional recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, some recurrences are unresectable because of their aggressive invasion or severe adhesions. On the other hand, stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) enables high‐dose irradiation to target lesions, and its usefulness for various cancers has been reported. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of SRT as salvage treatment for locoregional recurrence of DTC.MethodsBetween August 2011 and December 2017, 52 locoregional recurrent lesions in 31 patients with recurrent DTC were treated by SRT using the CyberKnife system. Information on the adverse events associated with SRT was retrospectively collected from the patients’ medical records. Of the 52 lesions, 33 could be evaluated for therapeutic effectiveness by follow‐up CT, and response was assessed using the RECIST criteria.ResultsTwenty‐five patients had papillary carcinoma, 5 had follicular carcinoma, and 1 had poorly differentiated cancer. SRT was delivered in one to 20 fractions, and the median dose was 30 Gy (range 15–60 Gy). Adverse events were not frequent, but 1 patient developed bilateral vocal cord palsy that required emergent tracheostomy. The median follow‐up period of 33 lesions was 14 months (range 1–54 months). Complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease were seen in 10, 11, 9, and 3 patients, respectively. The 3‐year local control rate was 84.6%.ConclusionSRT using the CyberKnife system was found to be a feasible and effective treatment to suppress the growth of locoregional recurrence of DTC.
Computed tomography enterography or magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn's disease – which to choose?
Authors: Azevedo Aida , Viana Charlene , Costa Ana Catarina , Martins Sandra F. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Rationale and objectives Evaluation of Crohn's disease by computed tomography enterography, magnetic resonance imaging enterography and colonoscopy is essential for disease monitoring. The aim of this study is to evaluate this exams acuity.
Materials and methods Patients with histological diagnosis of Crohn's disease who underwent computed tomography enterography, magnetic resonance imaging enterography and colonoscopy in the period of January 1st, 2009 and July 31st, 2016 and the realization of these exams did not exceed a time interval of 6 months was included. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), Cohen's kappa (K), agreement and disagreement were calculated.
Results Comparing computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance imaging enterography with colonoscopy, there was an agreement of 85.7% and a disagreement of 14.3% in Crohn's disease overall detection, for both exams. Computed tomography enterography and colonoscopy showed greater agreement in abscesses and lumen reduction detection (C = 95.2%) and magnetic resonance imaging enterography and colonoscopy in abscesses detection (C = 92.9%). Comparing magnetic resonance imaging enterography and computed tomography enterography, greater agreement was observed in detection of lumen reduction/dilatation (C = 96%). K showed considerable agreement in detection of mesenteric lymph nodes, fistulas, mural inflammation and thickening. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were respectively set at 94.12% (95% CI 71.31–99.85), 50% (95% CI 6.76–93.24), 88.89% (95% CI 65.29–98.62) and 66.67% (95% CI 9.43–99.16) for CTE and 90.62% (95% CI 80.70–96.48), 33.33% (95% CI 4.33–77.72), 93.55% (95% CI 84.30–98.21) and 25% (95% CI 3.19–65.09) for MRIE.
Conclusions Although computed tomography enterography presents better sensitivity and specificity than magnetic resonance imaging enterography, both present high agreement values in detection of characteristic Crohn's disease findings, therefore the selection of the best test to monitor Crohn's disease should take into account aspects such as age, tolerability, disease phenotype and resources availability.
Sex-specific, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T cut-off concentrations for ruling out acute myocardial infarction with a single measurement
Authors: McRae Andrew , Graham Michelle , Abedin Tasnima , Ji Yunqi , Yang Hong , Wang Dongmei , Southern Danielle , Andruchow James , Lang Eddy , Innes Grant , Seiden-Long Isolde , DeKoning Lawrence , Kavsak Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveSex-specific diagnostic cut-offs may improve the test characteristics of high-sensitivity troponin assays for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI). The objective of this study was to quantify test characteristics of sex-specific cut-offs of a single, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) assay for 7-day MI in patients with chest pain.MethodsThis observational cohort study included consecutive emergency department (ED) patients with suspected cardiac chest pain from four Canadian EDs who had an hs-cTnT assay performed within 60 minutes of ED arrival. The primary outcome was MI at 7 days. We quantified test characteristics (sensitivity, negative predictive value [NPV], likelihood ratios and proportion of patients ruled out) for multiple combinations of sex-specific, rule-out cut-offs. We calculated the net reclassification index compared to universal rule-out cut-offs.ResultsIn 7,130 patients (3,931 men and 3,199 women), the 7-day MI incidence was 7.38% among men and 3.78% among women. Optimal sex-specific cut-offs (<8 ng/L for men and <7 ng/L for women) had a 98.5% sensitivity for MI and ruled out MI in 55.8% of patients. This would enable an absolute increase in the proportion of patients who were able to be ruled out with a single hs-cTnT of 13.2% to 22.2%, depending on the universal rule-out concentration used as a comparator.ConclusionsSex-specific hs-cTnT cut-offs for ruling out MI at ED arrival may improve classification performance, enabling more patients to be safely ruled out at ED arrival. However, differences between sex-specific and universal cut-off concentrations are within the variation of the assay, limiting the clinical utility of this approach. These findings should be confirmed in other data sets.
The Future of Feminism by ISIS is in the Lap of Women
Authors: Fraihi Hind 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of female migration to ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) is in fact an
undervalued form of revolution for Muslim women. It is, however, a bitter form of striving
for women’s emancipation. By transmitting extremist thoughts in the education of children
and on the Internet, women empower their position in a patriarchal environment. The women of
ISIS use their traditional role of motherhood to participate in the global jihad. By staying
in her own tradition, the mother is the first one to create would-be fighters. Hence, the
martyr becomes the mother’s creation. They use the mass weapon of education in a reactionary
way to demand their place between the men. The process of jihadism amongst women is
multidimensional. Herein lies the girl power that can be considered as a manifest aspect.
Women recruit potential supporters of ISIS, translate documents, write poems and give
Islamic lectures on the Internet. The phenomenon of female migration to IS can also be seen
as a romantic urge to return to the golden era of the Moorish caliphate and even to the
beginning of Islam in the 7th century. The women of ISIS make efforts to emancipate,
however, by making a U-turn.
The ‘(party) politics of attention.’ Party competition and decentralist reforms: the Italian case
Authors: Basile Linda 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper sheds light on the role played by political parties in influencing policy change, by connecting literature on party competition and agenda-setting and focusing on a single-issue domain, namely decentralization in Italy from 1948 to 2013. The article argues that major decentralist reforms usually followed electoral campaigns in which most parties focused attention on the issue. Such shifts in attention are caused by, among other things, the issue entrepreneurship activity undertaken by individual parties that are trying to influence the party system agenda and obtain electoral, office, or policy advantage. Contrary to the expectations of the issue entrepreneurship model, however, the analyses reveal that the entrepreneurship role on decentralization in Italy was not played by those parties that can be classified as ‘political losers’ in the party system; rather, in the case of the policy of decentralization in Italy, issue entrepreneurship activity is mostly explained by strategic considerations other than purely electoral ones.
The value of a fading tracer
Authors: Karpitschka S. 
Published: September 2018

Tracer particles are the workhorse of the fluid dynamicist for visualizing flow in transparent liquids. Thus a tracer becomes useless if its signal disappears, which frequently happens in practice, for instance due to bleaching. The opposite occurs in a recent work by Kim & Stone (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 850, 2018, pp. 769–783): the fading signal of a dissolving particle may reveal the local composition in a mixture. Such information is highly valuable in the study of evaporating droplets. In virtually all realistic cases, droplets consist of multiple components, ranging from trace impurities to engineered cocktails, which, for instance, generate a desired deposit pattern for a printing process. Different components typically evaporate at different rates, which causes inhomogeneities in droplet composition. Determining the latter is one of the main challenges in the field.
Pilot Study of an Internet-Based, Simulated Teachable Moment for Smoking Cessation
Authors: May Robin , Walker Frances , de Burgh Simon , Bartrop Roger , Tofler Geoffrey H 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe internet has the potential to overcome geographic limitations for smoking cessation interventions, but further telehealth-based studies of utility are required.AimsTo investigate the efficacy of an internet-based version of a quit smoking approach using a personalised video to create a simulated teachable moment.MethodsSmokers within Australia were recruited through a dedicated website. After consent, eligible subjects, aged ≥30 years with a non-smoking partner, uploaded pictures of themselves, their partner and family, to be inserted into a video depicting the subject having a heart attack due to smoking, with consequences to them and their family. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) began prior to the quit attempt. The video was shown during two videoconference counselling sessions, with follow-up phone calls and text messaging support. Smoking status at 6 months by self-report (primary endpoint) was verified by partner/proxy and salivary cotinine (NicAlert™).Results/FindingsSeventy seven smokers were screened, of whom 50 were eligible, and 17 of these (34%) were enrolled; 11 men and 6 women, aged 41.5 ± 6.9 years, daily cigarette consumption 20.8 ± 8.9, Heaviness of Smoking Index score 3.7 ± 1.7. Participants reported feeling personally involved with the video (5.9 ± 1.1), which felt real (5.8 ± 1.1) and emotionally moving (5.6 ± 1.5) [7-point Likert Scale]. A similar video response was reported by the four participants (24%), who due to bandwidth limitations, watched the video after the counselling session instead of during it. Non-smoking rates at 6 months were 65% (11/17) by self-report with proxy confirmation, and 47% (8/17) by self-report with biologic confirmation. Three non-smokers by self-report could not provide a valid NicAlert™ result due to current NRT use. One participant who by self-report smoked once in the prior 14-days was assessed as a non-smoker by both proxy and NicAlert™.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates efficacy for an internet-based version of a quit smoking program based on creating a simulated teachable moment. The findings provide support for further research into this technique, with the internet enabling greater reach than face-to-face.
Compartmental models for seasonal hyperendemic bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt
Authors: Koutangni T. , Crépey P. , Woringer M. , Porgho S. , Bicaba B. W. , Tall H. , Mueller J. E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the seasonal dynamic and epidemic occurrence of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt remain unknown. Regular seasonality (seasonal hyperendemicity) is observed for both meningococcal and pneumococcal meningitis and understanding this is critical for better prevention and modelling. The two principal hypotheses for hyperendemicity during the dry season imply (1) an increased risk of invasive disease given asymptomatic carriage of meningococci and pneumococci; or (2) an increased transmission of these bacteria from carriers and ill individuals. In this study, we formulated three compartmental deterministic models of seasonal hyperendemicity, featuring one (model1-‘inv’ or model2-‘transm’), or a combination (model3-‘inv-transm’) of the two hypotheses. We parameterised the models based on current knowledge on meningococcal and pneumococcal biology and pathophysiology. We compared the three models' performance in reproducing weekly incidences of suspected cases of acute bacterial meningitis reported by health centres in Burkina Faso during 2004–2010, through the meningitis surveillance system. The three models performed well (coefficient of determination R2, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.87, respectively). Model2-‘transm’ and model3-‘inv-transm’ better captured the amplitude of the seasonal incidence. However, model2-‘transm’ required a higher constant invasion rate for a similar average baseline transmission rate. The results suggest that a combination of seasonal changes of the risk of invasive disease and carriage transmission is involved in the hyperendemic seasonality of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt. Consequently, both interventions reducing the risk of nasopharyngeal invasion and the bacteria transmission, especially during the dry season are believed to be needed to limit the recurrent seasonality of bacterial meningitis in the meningitis belt.
The Intermittency Regions of Powder Snow Avalanches
Authors: Sovilla B. , McElwaine J. N. , Köhler A. 
Published: September 2018

Powder snow avalanches are typically composed of several regions characterized by different flow regimes. These include a turbulent suspension cloud of fine particles, a dense basal flow, and an intermittency frontal region, which is characterized by large fluctuations in impact pressure, air pressure, velocity, and density, but whose origin remains unknown. In order to describe the physical processes governing the intermittency region, we present data from four large powder snow avalanches measured at the Vallée de la Sionne test site in Switzerland, which show that the intermittency is caused by mesoscale coherent structures. These structures have a length of 3–14 m and a height of 10 m or more. The structures can have velocities as much as 60% larger than the avalanche front speed and are characterized by an air/particle mixture whose average density can be as high as 20 kg/m3. This average density increases the drag on large granules by a factor of up to 20 compared to pure air, so that each structure can maintain denser snow clusters and single snow granules in suspension for several seconds. The intermittency region has importance for the dynamics of an avalanche, as it provides an efficient mechanism for moving snow from the dense layer to the powder cloud, but also for risk assessment, as it can cause large forces at large heights above the basal dense layer.
Androgen deprivation promotes neuroendocrine differentiation and angiogenesis through CREB-EZH2-TSP1 pathway in prostate cancers
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zheng Dayong , Zhou Ting , Song Haiping , Hulsurkar Mohit , Su Ning , Liu Ying , Wang Zheng , Shao Long , Ittmann Michael , Gleave Martin , Han Huanxing , Xu Feng , Liao Wangjun , Wang Hongbo , Li Wenliang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe incidence of aggressive neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPC) related to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is rising. NEPC is still poorly understood, such as its neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) and angiogenic phenotypes. Here we reveal that NED and angiogenesis are molecularly connected through EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2). NED and angiogenesis are both regulated by ADT-activated CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) that in turn enhances EZH2 activity. We also uncover anti-angiogenic factor TSP1 (thrombospondin-1, THBS1) as a direct target of EZH2 epigenetic repression. TSP1 is downregulated in advanced prostate cancer patient samples and negatively correlates with NE markers and EZH2. Furthermore, castration activates the CREB/EZH2 axis, concordantly affecting TSP1, angiogenesis and NE phenotypes in tumor xenografts. Notably, repressing CREB inhibits the CREB/EZH2 axis, tumor growth, NED, and angiogenesis in vivo. Taken together, we elucidate a new critical pathway, consisting of CREB/EZH2/TSP1, underlying ADT-enhanced NED and angiogenesis during prostate cancer progression.