bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Performance of a Novel Nanopore Sequencing for SARS‐CoV‐2 Genomic Surveillance
Authors: Maimaiti Mulatijiang , Kong Lingjun , Yu Qi , Wang Ziyi , Liu Yiwei , Yang Chenglin , Guo Wenhu , Jin Lijun , Yi Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe genomic analysis of SARS‐CoV‐2 has served as a crucial tool for generating invaluable data that fulfils both epidemiological and clinical necessities. Long‐read sequencing technology (e.g., ONT) has been widely used, providing a real‐time and faster response when necessitated. A novel nanopore‐based long‐read sequencing platform named QNome nanopore has been successfully used for bacterial genome sequencing and assembly; however, its performance in the SARS‐CoV‐2 genomic surveillance is still lacking. Synthetic SARS‐CoV‐2 controls and 120 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) samples that tested positive by real‐time polymerase chain reaction were sequenced on both QNome and MGI platforms in parallel. The analytical performance of QNome was compared to the short‐read sequencing on MGI. For the synthetic SARS‐CoV‐2 controls, despite the increased error rates observed in QNome nanopore sequencing reads, accurate consensus‐level sequence determination was achieved with an average mapping quality score of approximately 60 (i.e., a mapping accuracy of 99.9999%). For the NPS samples, the average genomic coverage was 89.35% on the QNome nanopore platform compared with 90.39% for MGI. In addition, fewer consensus genomes from QNome were determined to be good by Nextclade compare with MGI (p < 0.05). A total of 9004 mutations were identified using QNome sequencing, with substitutions being the most prevalent, in contrast, 10 997 mutations were detected on MGI (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 23 large deletions (i.e., deletions≥ 10 bp) were identified by QNome while 19/23 were supported by evidence from short‐read sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Pango lineage of consensus genomes for SARS‐CoV‐2 sequenced by QNome concorded 83.04% with MGI. QNome nanopore sequencing, though challenged by read quality and accuracy compared to MGI, is overcoming these issues through bioinformatics and computational advances. The advantage of structure variation (SV) detection capabilities and real‐time data analysis renders it a promising alternative nanopore platform for the surveillance of the SARS‐CoV‐2.
Rainfall From Brazilian Flying Rivers: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Precipitation Gridded Databases
Authors: Amaral e Silva Arthur , de Assis Leonardo Campos , dos Santos Vitor Juste , de Andrade Laura Coelho , Lorentz Juliana Ferreira , Henriques Bruno Silva , Calijuri Maria Lucia , Ferreira Italo Oliveira 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe uneven global distribution of rainfall significantly impacts water resources and environmental sustainability, emphasising the need for reliable climate prediction models. Accurate predictions are vital for sectors such as food security, urban planning and disaster management. Data from ground stations, radars and satellites are essential, despite challenges like instrumental errors. Satellites, with their comprehensive sensors, are crucial for atmospheric observations, aiding in the prediction of large‐scale climatic events. Climate models such as CHIRPS, GLDAS, TerraClimate, and PERSIANN use different approaches to analyse precipitation data, which is key to understanding its spatial and temporal variability. This study evaluated (rainfall data) from these four climate models over 20 years (within the Brazilian territory), focusing on the spatiotemporal behaviour of rainfall using statistical metrics such as R
2, RMSE, and MAPE. The findings showed that CHIRPS had the best performance (R
2 = 0.843; RMSE = 42.83; MAPE = 0.09%), excelling in both overall database and extreme event analyses. TerraClimate, initially the lowest‐performing model (R
2 = 0.413; RMSE = 91.56; MAPE = 0.23%), improved significantly when combined with elevation through multiple linear regression (MLR), achieving R
2 of 0.718, RMSE of 31.14, and MAPE of 9.56%. This made TerraClimate a viable model for studying the Flying Rivers. The study highlights that model selection should align with the specific characteristics of the area under consideration, with CHIRPS being particularly suitable for the studied region. This research enhances the understanding of the effectiveness of these models in estimating rainfall compared to in situ measurements, which is crucial for various applications. The authors advocate for further studies to advance research on the Flying Rivers, their significance, and the impacts of climate change on them.
The ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation: Supporting and advancing clinical nutrition research
Authors: Winkler Marion , Tappenden Kelly A. , McMahon M. Molly , Spangenburg Michelle , Compher Charlene 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe vision of the ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation is to promote innovation and research discovery to improve nutrition care and health. The Foundation was launched in 1993, incorporated in 2002, and established as a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization in 2007. On the occasion of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)'s 50th anniversary, this article examines the creation of the Foundation, the state of clinical nutrition research funding, the Foundation's philanthropic mission, and the return on investment of Foundation grant support. To date, 114 investigators have received 2.78 million dollars in funding. The article examines the success of ASPEN research programs and Foundation grant support in career development, leadership, and mentorship. It is important to document a historical account of the ASPEN Rhoads Research Foundation and encourage innovation and discovery and ongoing financial support.
Associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and fractional exhaled nitric oxide among United States adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Yinghong , Song Xiaolian , Tan Min 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNo) is a convenient and noninvasive test that measures the concentration of nitric oxide in exhalation as a surrogate biomarker of airway inflammation. This cross‐sectional study aimed to determine the associations between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and FeNo in US adults.MethodsAdults participating in the 2007–2012 cycles of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with complete information and available measurement data of DII and FeNo were included. Associations between DII and FeNo were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis, stratified analysis, and sensitivity analysis.ResultsA total of 7677 participants (mean age 45.68 years, 53.03% men) with a mean DII of 1.28 and FeNo of 17.33 ppb were included. The multivariable‐adjusted linear regression analysis showed that a one‐unit increase in DII was associated with a 0.283‐ppb reduction in FeNo level. The beta and 95% CI for the second, third, and fourth DII quartile groups were −1.19 (−2.04 to −0.35), −1.07 (−2.26 to 0.12), and −1.60 (−2.85 to −0.36), respectively (P for trend = 0.04), with the lowest quartile group as the reference. The restricted cubic spline curve showed an inversely linear relationship between DII and FeNo. The study result is robust and did not appear to be affected by the participant's age, sex, race, body mass index, physical activity, diabetes status, or white blood cell or eosinophil counts.ConclusionA proinflammatory diet, as indicated by a higher DII, is cross‐sectionally associated with lower FeNo levels in US adults.
Navigated versus conventionally instrumented total knee arthroplasty techniques: No difference in functional alignment or balance
Authors: Russell Shane P. , Keyes Sarah , Grobler Grant , Harty James A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeMuch debate exists about the superiority of navigated versus conventional instrumentation for achieving optimal balance and alignment during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Recent registry data indicate no long‐term survivorship benefit for TKAs performed using technology assistance, despite the added resource and financial costs. However, outcome comparisons are confounded by varying surgeon techniques and targets for ideal balance and alignment. This study aimed to investigate alignment or balance outcome differences between navigated and conventionally instrumented TKAs performed using an identical operative sequence and alignment strategy.MethodsFifty navigated and 50 conventionally instrumented primary TKAs, using an identical inverse kinematic alignment strategy, were included. Navigation equipment was used intraoperatively to ‘post‐cut’ record the conventionally instrumented TKAs. Intraoperative balance, range, and alignment; and post‐operative radiographic accuracy for restoration of constitutional alignment were compared.ResultsForty‐nine navigated and 49 conventionally instrumented TKAs were compared (n = 2 excluded due to inadequate radiographs). No preoperative demographic or deformity severity differences existed. No intraoperative balance, range or alignment difference existed. Neither technique was more accurate for restoration of constitutional alignment.ConclusionWhilst large registry data may be confounded by uncaptured variables such as surgeon balancing techniques or surgeon alignment strategy preferences, this study found no alignment or balance differences between navigated versus conventionally instrumented TKA techniques for a surgeon and technique‐controlled study. Although the increased resources necessary for technology assistance are not justified by this study, further studies may identify significance using larger samples or comparison of alternative outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel II.
Otosclerosis and the evolution of stapes surgery: A historical and otopathological study
Authors: Rajan Dilshan , Cureoglu Sebahattin , Adams Meredith E. , Monsanto Rafael 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the historical evolution of surgical techniques for otosclerosis treatment, viewed through the lens of human temporal bone pathology to aid in understanding the disease and refining surgical interventions.Data sourcesA review of historical literature on otosclerosis, surgical techniques, and otopathological findings was conducted. Eight temporal bone specimens from the Paparella Otopathology & Pathogenesis Laboratory, University of Minnesota, and one from the University of California, Los Angeles, were analyzed.Review methodsWe selected two temporal bones from donors who underwent four different types of surgical procedures for otosclerosis: stapes mobilization, fenestration, stapedectomy, and stapedotomy. One successful and one complication case was selected for each procedure. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the outcomes and complications associated with each technique.ResultsThe study chronicles the progression of otosclerosis surgery from the stapes mobilization to modern stapedectomy and stapedotomy techniques. Initial procedures, like stapes mobilization and fenestration, yielded limited and temporary results with significant complications. The introduction of stapedectomy marked a significant improvement, with better long‐term outcomes. Histopathological analysis revealed insights into the causes of surgical failures and complications.ConclusionOtosclerosis surgery has evolved significantly, driven by advances in otopathology and surgical technology. While earlier techniques offered limited success, modern procedures like stapedectomy and stapedotomy provide improved outcomes and fewer complications. Ongoing research promises further advancements in the field, improving patient care and surgical efficacy.Level of evidenceNA.
Dynamic B0 field shimming for improving pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling at 7 T
Authors: Ji Yang , Woods Joseph G. , Li Hongwei , Okell Thomas W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeB0 field inhomogeneity within the brain‐feeding arteries is a major issue for pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) at 7 T because it reduces the labeling efficiency and leads to a loss of perfusion signal. This study aimed to develop a vessel‐specific dynamic B0 field shimming method for 7 T PCASL to improve the labeling efficiency by correcting off‐resonance within the arteries in the labeling region.MethodsWe implemented a PCASL sequence with dynamic B0 shimming at 7 T that compensates for B0 field offsets in the brain‐feeding arteries by updating linear shimming terms and adding a phase increment to the PCASL RF pulses. Rapidly acquired vessel‐specific B0 field maps were used to calculate dynamic B0 shimming parameters. We evaluated both 2D and 3D variants of our method, comparing their performance against the established global frequency offset and optimal encoding scheme‐based corrections. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps were quantified before and after corrections, and CBF values from different methods were compared across the whole brain, white matter, and gray matter regions.ResultsAll off‐resonance correction methods significantly recovered perfusion signals across the brain. The proposed vessel‐specific dynamic B0 shimming method improved the labeling efficiency while maintaining optimal static shimming in the imaging region. Perfusion‐weighted images demonstrated the superiority of the 3D dynamic B0 shimming method compared to global or 2D‐based correction approaches. CBF analysis revealed that 3D dynamic B0 shimming significantly increased CBF values relative to the other methods.ConclusionOur proposed dynamic B0 shimming method offers a significant advancement in PCASL robustness and effectiveness, enabling full utilization of 7 T ASL high sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Investigation of diffusion time dependence of apparent diffusion coefficient and intravoxel incoherent motion parameters in the human kidney
Authors: Stabinska Julia , Thiel Thomas Andreas , Zöllner Helge Jörn , Benkert Thomas , Wittsack Hans‐Jörg , Ljimani Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the diffusion time (Δeff) dependence of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and intravoxel incoherent motion–related parameters in the human kidney at 3 T.MethodsSixteen healthy volunteers underwent an MRI examination at 3 T including diffusion‐weighted imaging at different Δeff ranging from 24.1 to 104.1 ms. The extended mono‐exponential ADC and intravoxel incoherent motion models were fitted to the data for each Δeff and the medullary and cortical ADC, (pseudo‐)diffusion coefficients (D* and D) and flow‐related signal fraction (f) were calculated.ResultsWhen all the data were used for fitting, a significant trend toward higher ADC with increasing Δeff was observed between 24.1 and 104.1 ms (median and interquartile range: 2.38 [2.19, 2.47] to 2.84 [2.36, 2.90] × 10−3 mm2/s for cortex, and 2.28 [2.18, 2.37] to 2.82 [2.58, 3.11] × 10−3 mm2/s for medulla). In contrast, no significant differences in ADC were found when only the data acquired at b‐values higher than 200 s/mm2 were used for fitting. When the intravoxel incoherent motion model was applied, cortical and medullary f increased significantly (cortex: 0.21 [0.15 0.27] to 0.37 [0.32, 0.49] × 10−3 mm2/s; medulla: 0.15 [0.13 0.29] to 0.41 [0.36 0.51] × 10−3 mm2/s). No significant changes in cortical and medullary D and D* were observed as diffusion time increased.ConclusionRenal perfusion and tubular flow substantially contribute to the observed increase in ADC over a wide range of Δeff between 24 and 104 ms.
Comparison of Nurse Work Hours and Nursing Activities Between High‐ and Low‐Staffed General Wards: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Seong Jiyeong , Cho Sung‐Hyun , Yoon Hyo‐Jeong , Sim Won‐Hee , Kim Moon‐Sook 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo compare nurse work hours and nursing activities between high‐staffed and low‐staffed general wards to examine the effects of increased staffing on nurse workload and nursing care.DesignA secondary analysis was conducted using cross‐sectional data collected at a tertiary teaching hospital in South Korea in January 2020.MethodsNursing activities provided by 350 nurses were observed every 10 min during their shifts for three observation days in four high‐ and four low‐staffed wards. Nurse‐to‐patient ratios, nurse work hours, nursing activities and the composition of nursing hours (direct care, indirect care and associated work) were analysed.ResultsAfter excluding non‐productive personal time, nurses in the low‐staffed wards worked 9.28 h, which indicates 1.28 h of overtime work on average, while the high‐staffed wards recorded 7.90 h of productive work time. The nurse‐to‐patient ratio in the high‐staffed wards was 1:4.73, whereas that in the low‐staffed wards was 1:8.87. The proportion of direct care hours out of nurse work hours was higher in the low‐staffed wards (30.9%) than in the high‐staffed wards (25.7%). Nurses in the low‐staffed wards provided a greater number of direct care hours, and the largest difference in direct care hours between the two groups was found on night shifts. Nurses in the high‐staffed wards spent more time communicating with patients and charting, whereas nurses in the low‐staffed wards spent more time on vital signs and medications.ConclusionImproved staffing had positive impacts on patients and nurses. Patients benefited from better staffing through increased communication with nurses. Better staffing also reduced overtime work and activities conducted during night shifts.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareAdequate staffing is essential to improve patient care quality and reduce nurse workload. Nursing activities must be prioritised and redesigned to maximise the benefits of increased staffing on patient and nurse outcomes.Reporting MethodWe have adhered to the STROBE reporting guidelines.No Patient or Public ContributionThe aim of this study was to compare nurse work hours and nursing activities between high‐staffed and low‐staffed wards.
Can Pregnancy Experience Predict Birth Experience, Postpartum Depression and Anxiety? A Prospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Moniri Monireh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Meedya Shahla , Ghanbari‐Homaie Solmaz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimA positive pregnancy experience can be a good start for healthy motherhood. This study aimed to investigate Iranian women's pregnancy experience and how self‐reported hassles and uplifts influence birth experience, postpartum depression and anxiety, and the association between childbirth experience and postpartum mental health.DesignA prospective descriptive study.MethodsA prospective descriptive study was conducted among 228 pregnant women from health centres in Tabriz, Iran. From the 28th to 36th weeks of pregnancy, participants completed the Pregnancy Experience Scale. Then, the mothers were followed up until 4–6 weeks postpartum, and Childbirth Experience Questionnaires version 2.0, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression and the short form of Specific Postpartum Anxiety Scales were completed. The data were analysed using the general linear model.ResultsAfter adjusting for possible confounding variables, there was no statistically significant association between women's pregnancy and childbirth experiences. However, the mean scores of postpartum depression and anxiety were significantly higher in women who felt unhappy about the discomforts that they experienced during pregnancy (β [95% CI] = 0.01 [0.01–0.02]; p < 0.001, 0.22 [0.09–0.35]; p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionThere was a significant statistical reverse association between childbirth experience and postpartum anxiety and depression. The study demonstrated a significant association between women's pregnancy, birth experiences and postpartum psychological outcomes. Implementing interventions that create a positive pregnancy experience will likely have an impact on reducing the prevalence of postpartum depression and anxiety.Patient or Public ContributionPregnant women participated solely in the data collection by responding to the questionnaires. No participant contributions were required for the study's design, outcome measurement or implementation.
On the Essential Spectrum of Operator Pencils
Authors: Wilson Mitsuru , Khelif Hassen , Trunk Carseten 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor a closed densely defined linear operator and a bounded linear operator on a Banach space whose essential spectrums are contained in disjoint sectors, we show that the essential spectrum of the associated operator pencil is contained in a sector of the complex plane whose boundaries are determined purely by the angles that define the two sectors, which contain the essential spectrums of and .
Artificial Intelligence‐Based Detection of Local Spots in Network Materials Prone to Mechanical Failure
Authors: Bachhav Bhagyashri , Wu Zhao , Markert Bernd , Bamer Franz 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPredicting the failure of a noncrystalline solid such as silica glass is challenging due to the complex fracture phenomenon. Failure originates from particular local zones where the atomic structure is highly susceptible to local rearrangement. The local yield stress (LYS) method predicts such locations of plastic events during external deformation. Despite the precise prediction accuracy of the location of the failure initiation, the LYS method requires substantial computational resources as it evaluates each local zone separately for rearrangement and is time‐consuming. Owing to new age development in artificial neural networks, a relation can be established between the plastic events and the atomic structure. In this study, a neural network is trained to identify this relation and, hence, predict the locations of atomic rearrangements. This approach results in a heatmap indicating soft spots that highly correlate with elementary events of fracture and allows for reliable incorporation of structural identification to coarser mechanical frameworks that need local information for a physically meaningful description. The advantage of this method is that it can be trained on a specific material and can predict the local soft spots for unseen structural information without the need for multiple time‐consuming molecular simulations.