bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the effect of electron beam on thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate) blends
Authors: Tiptipakorn S , Hemvichain K , Pirombua A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this research, the effect of radiation dose on thermal and mechanical properties of polymer blends between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were determined at the PLA/PBS weight ratios of 100/0, 80/20, and 0/100. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as additive at 0.2 phr. The radiation doses were varied at 0-150 kGy. There were some changes of chemical structure upon irradiation as observed via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR), leading to the decrease of melting temperature (Tm) with the increase of radiation doses. Moreover, the flexural strength determined via Universal Testing Machine (UTM) were decreased with increasing radiation doses. The lowest biodegradation was found at the radiation dose of 50 kGy.
Potential Application of Biopolymer Chitosan and Cationic/Anionic Polymers in Textile Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Watcharin W , Wiratthikowit S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Biopolymer chitosan have been investigated for color removal in textile wastewater by using coagulation process of biopolymers and synthetic polymers. After the wastewater samples were treated with 0.1% chitosan for chitosan coagulation process, coagulation process of cationic or anionic polymer were performed by using chitosan and cationic polymer (CSC) or chitosan and anionic polymer (CSA) polymer concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 g/l at pH 6-8, respectively. The color removal efficiency of textile wastewater samples before and after treatment with chitosan followed by cationic/anionic polymers has been evaluated. The color removal by chitosan was dependent on pH and the maximum percent removal 31.4 ± 3.3% has been observed at pH 7. The optimum parameters for polymer-biopolymer coagulation process in this study was CSC at dosage of 0.2 g/l, pH 8 and CSA at dosage of 0.1 g/l, pH 7. Besides, its chemical analyses including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), dissolved solid, and suspended solid were analyzed in order to consider the potential application of chitosan in textile wastewater treatment. The results showed that the COD, dissolved solid and suspended solid of pre-treated textile wastewater were 290, 3998.7 and 280.7 mg/l, respectively, however, both dissolved solid and suspended solid were higher than the regulatory standard for wastewater. As the optimum condition, the COD, dissolved solid and suspended solid of textile wastewater after treatment with CSC (0.2 g/l at pH 8) were 260.7, 1939.8 and 103.6 mg/l, respectively, while the COD, dissolved solid and suspended solid of textile wastewater after treatment with CSA (0.1 g/l at pH 7) were 190.6, 3002.2and 106.8 mg/l, respectively. All of the results after treatments were within the regulatory standard. Therefore, the combination of chitosan and cationic/anionic polymers could be utilized in textile wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate from lignin extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches by acid/alkaline treatment for reinforcement in natural rubber composites
Authors: Thungphotrakul N , Dittanet P , Loykulnunt S , Tanpichai S , Parpainainar P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work studied a synthesis of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) from the lignin which extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) by using batch method. The preparation of lignin from OPEFB was done by acid pretreatment using 1% (wt/wt) H2SO4 at 90 °C for 120 min in order to reduce hemicelluloses. Then lignin was extracted by 2.5% (wt/wt) NaOH at 90 °C for 180 min and precipitated by adjusting pH to 2 with 98% H2SO4. The obtained lignin was changed to SLS by using sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3). The study yields of prepared SLS conducted by varying concentration of NaHSO3. The obtained SLS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential compared to sodium lignosulfonate (commercial).
Effect of molecular weight of poly(L-lactic acid) on the stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric poly(lactic acid)s blendings
Authors: Srithep Y , Pholharn D , Akkaprasa T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of molecular weight of poly(L-lactic acid) on the stereocomplex formation between poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) was investigated. Films of 1:1 blend were prepared from PLLA with molecular weight of 125, 180 and 209 kg/mol and PDLA with molecular weight of 150 kg/mol by a solution cast method. Thermal properties, crystalline structure and mechanical properties were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing. Blending lowest molecular weight PLLA (Mw 125 kg/mol) with PDLA showed highest stereocomplex formation with melting temperature more than 50°C compared to that of homocrystallites. As the molecular weight of PLLA became higher, the stereocomplex formation was lower. Films with higher stereocomplex formation also had higher mechanical properties.
Optimizationof poly(L-lactide)-polybutylene adipate terephthalate diblockcopolymer by ring opening polymerization
Authors: Pholharn D , Srithep Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) is a brittle biodegradable polymer: co-bonding of a higher flexibility polymer such as polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) into the PLA chains has been shown to make it more flexible. We studied the optimum conditions for synthesizing poly(L-lactide)-polybutylene adipate terephthalate diblock copolymer (PLLA-b-PBAT), with ratios by weight of L-lactide:PBAT from 100:0.3 to 100:1. Incubation times of polymerization were varied from 4 to 8 hours at 160°C. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were used to verify the structure of synthesized polymers. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms showed melting temperatures of diblock copolymers at around 161-168°C - characteristic of PLA. The optimum conditions for PLLA-b-PBAT synthesis by ring opening polymerization were 100:0.3 ratio and eight hour incubation leading to 95% yield, a high degree of crystallinity (71%) and the highest molecular weight (34,000g/mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography).
Solvated lithium ions in defective Prussian blue
Authors: Ruankaew N , Yoshida N , Phongphanphanee S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prussian Blue (PB) or ferric hexacyanoferrate (II) is one of the most attractive materials in green battery industry. It has defective structure (d-PB),

Fe

4

III

[

Fe

II

(
CN
)

6

]

3

⋅

xH

2

O

(
x
≈
14
−
16
)

, that one of [Fe(CN)6]4− group is missing, and hydrated with water molecules at the 24e empty nitrogen site. In this study, we investigated the distributions of water and Li+ in d-PB by using three-dimensional reference interaction site-model (3D-RISM) theory, which is a statistical mechanics theory of molecular liquids. The theory can examine the selective ion adsorption in solvated molecular materials. The results from 3D-RISM show that there are 14 water molecules located in different positions inside the d-PB lattice, which are in good agreement with experiment. Moreover, we also found the Li+ distributed at inside d-PB lattice positioned closely to the 32f spherical cavity of d-PB.
Development of tyre tread compounds for good wet-grip : effects of rubber type
Authors: Suchiva K , Sirisinha C , Sae-oui P , Thapthong P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present work reported the study of the effects of type of rubber on energy loss of tyre tread compounds for radial tyres which determines wet-grip properties of the tyres derived from them. The types of rubbers studied were solution SBR (S-SBR), emulsion SBR (E-SBR), functionalized S-SBR (FS-SBR), natural rubber (NR), functionalized NR (CNR), butadiene rubber (BR) and their selected blends.The wet-grip property was assessed by measuring tan δ at 0°C. It was found that FS-SBR gave tread compound with the best wet-grip property followed by S-SBR, CNR, E-SBR, NR and BR. Blends of SBR with lower ranking rubbers (CNR, NR and BR) also gave lower values of tan δ at 0°C or poorer wet-grip properties. The results can be explained by the viscoelastic properties of the rubbers and their interactions with silica.
Properties of natural rubber (NR) and wood/NR composites as gamma shielding materials
Authors: Ninyong K , Wimolmala E , Sombatsompop N , Saenboonruang K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work, gamma shielding, cure characteristics, and mechanical properties of natural rubber (NR) and wood/NR composites was investigated with the addition of lead (Pb) powder for potential use as flexible shielding materials. The content of Pb powder in this work was varied from 0 to 50 part per hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr) in 10-phr increment. The results showed that the increases in Pb contents led to the improvement in gamma attenuation but had negligible effects on cure properties of the composites. The increases in Pb contents reduced overall tensile properties of the NR and wood/NR composites, while the addition of 20-phr wood particles in wood/NR composites increased the tensile strength, elongation at break, surface hardness, and dimensional stability. Hence, the overall properties investigated in this work suggested that the developed NR and wood/NR composites could be used to attenuate low-intensity gamma rays produced after former steps of shielding such as after thermal neutron or beta shielding.
Impact strength enhanced bioplastic polylactic acid by interfacial bonding with hydroxylated natural rubber
Authors: Boochathum P , Mingwanish W , Pivsa-Art S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of functionality of HNR and weight composition of PLA:HNR on the mechanical properties, impact strength, water vapour and oxygen gas transmission rates was studied. From morphology result, co-continuous phases in PLA:HNR050 and PLA:HNR035 were more obvious than PLA:HNR025. The observed co-continuous phases might be caused by the interfacial bonding between PLA phase and HNR phase. Better compatibility between HNR035 and PLA was believed to result in the considerably improvement of impact strength and slight reduction of mechanical properties of PLA. It is interesting that water vapour and oxygen gas transmission rates of PLA significantly increased with HNR035 loading. As a result, the appropriate weight composition of HNR035 blended with PLA was clarified to be 70:30 that was about tipple higher than the composition of NR as reported in the previous studies.
Formation Mechanism of Rutile in Sulfate Process
Authors: Wang Zinan , Chen Kui , Zhu Jiawen , Zhou Xiaokui , Lin Farong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the sulfate process for the production of TiO2 white pigments, amorphous metatitanic acid is calcined to microcrystals of the rutile polymorph by experiencing the dehydration, desulfurization, crystallization into anatase and the phase transformation from anatase to rutile (ART). Surface structure and thermal stability of metatitanic acid was characterized by Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) and FTIR Spectrometer. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) were used to describe the changes of phase composition and granule morphology. It was found that Free SO4
2- ions and S=O asymmetric structure existed on the surface of metatitanic acid as well as H2O with various adsorption state. The calcination intensity has a much stronger impact on crystallinity’s increase than dehydration, desulfurization. The temperature region of phase transform was 900∼1000°C. Rutile would not appear until amorphous metatitanic acid has crystallized into anatase completely and the anatase grain was in a slow growth before that. It was also found that particles were mutually merged by means of fusion of grain boundaries.
Synthesis of Ni Co-LDH by Microwave as the Electrode Material of Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Bin , Xue Weidong , Zhao Rui 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to deal with energy and environmental problems, more and more researches have been made on electrode materials of supercapacitors in recent years. Among many electrode materials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is favored by researchers because of its high theoretical capacity. In this work, we report a facile route for synthesizing Ni Co-LDH, we choose the ZIF-67 as the template and the source of Co to synthesis Ni Co-LDH by microwave in the mixture of ethanol and DIwater. Through this route, the Ni Co-LDH can be synthesized in 3 min. The as prepared Ni Co-LDH exhibits outstanding specific capacitance of 2376F·g−1 at 1A g−1 and it can maintain 84.61% of its initial value after 1000 cycle. Asymmetric supercapacitor(M-3//GO) with a maximum voltage of 1.5V has demonstrated a high energy density of 39.28Wh·kg−1, a high power density of 7513W·kg−1 at 20.21 Wh·kg−1.
Dynamic Response of High-piled Wharf Pile Subjected to Underwater Explosion
Authors: Liu Jinghan , Tang Ting , Wei Zhuobin , Li Lingfeng , Zhang Yuanhao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In order to study the dynamic response of high-piled wharf pile subjected to underwater explosion, pile was simplified as an elastically supported beam. The computational model of pile was established. The correctness of the calculation model was verified by theoretical analysis. The dynamic coefficient Kd was an index to the displacement and deformation of pile. In order to further investigate the dynamic response of pile, typical high-piled wharf piles subjected to shock wave load and bubble pulse load were analysed. The results show that horizontal stiffness has more impact on dynamic coefficient than torsional stiffness. The bubble pulse load poses a greater threat to pile than shock wave load. The peak load and load duration are the significant facts influencing dynamic coefficient in shock wave phase. The load duration is the significant factor influencing dynamic coefficient in bubble pulse phase.
Effect of Peanut Shell Biochar on Dynamic Changes of Nutrient Elements and Heavy Metals during Sewage Sludge Composting
Authors: Chang Xingtao , Yue Jianzhi , Jia Yangyang , Chen Fuyang , Ma Hao , Li Shaowei , Hu Jianjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of peanut shell biochar (PB) addition on thermophilic compost of sewage sludge (SS) with wheat straw was investigated. Four treatments were designed with different concentrations of PB0% (CK), PB10% (H1), PB20% (H2), PB30% (H3) (on dry weight of compost basis). The pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and the different speciation of Cu and Zn were determined. After 30-days of compost, the growth rate of EC values of four treatments were 113.20%, 98.98%, 89.62% and 79.82%, respectively, and they were1.31%, 4.63%, 5.06% and 6.51%, respectively for pH value, the loss rate of TN was 18.96%, 16.25%, 12.51% and 12.44%, respectively, the growth rate of TP were 19.72%, 42.03%, 62.26% and 89.99%, respectively, and they were 63.59%, 81.21%, 91.14% and 94.05% of the TK. The maximum passivation rate of Cu was 9.72%, when PB adding was 30%. As for Zn, only 30% PB adding can reduce the activation of Zn. Treatments with PB had a lower value of EC and a higher value of pH than CK, and contributed to the increase of the contents of TN, TP and TK, relatively. Bioavailability of Cu and Zn decreased with the increase of PB addition. It is suggested that in the range of the study, the addition of 30% PB was the optimal choice which had the most effective effect on improving composting nutrient and reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals Cu and Zn.
Simulation and Modelling in Cracks Prevention of Early Age Concrete
Authors: Shi Nannan , Li Zhenbao , Liu Yashuang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cracks often arise in mass concrete structures, due to the thermal stress and low tensile strength of early age concrete. To prevent the undesired thermal stress induced crack, controlling the temperature of concrete has been considered as an effective approach. In this paper, a temperature controlling measure evaluation system (TCMES) is proposed, which includes distributed fiber optic temperature monitoring, prediction of temperature and stress fields, and concrete crack risk evaluation. We first experimentally monitor the temperature evolution of the concrete using the distributed fiber optic temperature sensing. Then thermal parameters of in-situ concrete are retrieved by performing back-analysis. Subsequently, the concrete temperature field and thermal stress field can be predicted from the retrieved parameters and the experimental parameters of concrete. Under the concrete crack risk evaluation principles, temperature controlling measures for different stages are proposed. Our analysis indicates that the proposed system is an effective approach to prevent cracks of early age concrete.
Fabrication a Photoresponsive Film for Controlled Pesticide Release
Authors: Xu Qing , Liu Guohua , Feng Tianhong , Zhou Yuanjing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To design and prepare targeted pesticides with environmentally responsive controlled release via compound and chemical modifications has shown great potential in creating novel pesticide formulations. Biological pesticide has spurred demand for efficient and effective delivery systems. In this work, an environmentally photoresponsive controlled release pesticide film was developed by encapsulating biological pesticide with spiropyran-grafted polyacrylic acid polymer as carrier and carboxymethyl chitosan as film-forming agent. Spiropyran-grafted polyacrylic acid polymer carrier had the characteristics of pH and light response. Under the pH response, pesticides were encapsulated. And under the light response, controlled release of pesticides was realized. A series of biological pesticides were encapsulated in the photoresponsive carrier and had high encapsulation rate. The photoresponsive polymer films could therefore be considered an efficient material for application in controlled release systems in agriculture.
Mechanical Spectra in Various Weld Area of an Extruded Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg Alloy with MIG Welding
Authors: Yu N , Geng Y , Ji J W 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mechanical spectra of ascending and descending temperature in the various areas of weld for an Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg alloy with an extruded states were measured under different frequencies. It is found that there is an obvious internal friction peak near∼200°C in the ascending temperature spectrum and the value of internal friction goes up started at∼300°C resulting in the ∼200°C peak lowered and appeared an peak nearly ∼270°C in the descending temperature spectrum for the matrix and heat affected zone; while there is not any peak in the weld zone, Discussion to the results was made.
Influence of Space Radiation Model Uncertainties on the Solar Absorptance Evaluation of OSR Second Reflector
Authors: Shen Zicai , Xia Yan , Liu Yuming , Tian Dongbo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Space radiation model uncertainties may have important influence on the evaluation of thermo physical properties of anti-electrostatics thermal control materials. The sources of space radiation model uncertainties are analyzed and the uncertainty factor is defined firstly, then the simulation test was performed on the surface resistivity of OSR in electron or proton radiation environments. After that, the influence of space radiation model uncertainties on the solar absorption of OSR was analyzed. As the increase of irradiation fluence, the influence of space radiation model uncertainties on the solar absorption increases firstly and then decrease utile it can be ignored. The influence of space radiation model uncertainties on surface resistivity of OSR increases with the uncertainty factor. When the uncertainty factor lower than 1, the error from space radiation model uncertainty to surface resistivity of OSR is positive, while the uncertainty factor larger than 1, the error is negative.
Applicability Analysis of New Type of Waterproof and Drainage Partition Theory for Tunnels
Authors: Luo Guang , Bai Weizhen , Zhang Yun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Based on the shortcomings of the existing anti-drainage partitioning methods, this paper proposes a new partitioning method with solutions to the shortcomings. Thoroughly waterproofing with a “Shi” type waterstop in the length of one section, partitioning drainage with a sump tank. According to the basic formula of Darcy’s law, the calculation formula of the partition length is derived. The calculation of the Yaoshan to Nandan Highway Layi tunnel is carried out. The recommended value of the partition length is given. The numerical simulation is used to verify the applicability of the partitioning method.
Numerical Simulation Study on Influence of Structural Interspace on Anti-penetration Performance of GFRP and Steel Composite Armor System
Authors: Zhang Yuanhao , Cheng Zhongqing , Hou Hailiang , Zhu Xi , Liu Jinghan , Li Lingfeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this study we investigated the influence of the structural interspace on the ballistic performance of GFRP and steel composite armor system, using finite element analysis by ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate, found out the failure modes of steel plates and GFRP plates, and analysed the anti-penetration mechanisms of the composite armor systems. The results indicated that impact by high velocity projectiles, the failure modes of GFRP plates change greatly by setting structural interspace, but less influence on the failure modes of steel plates. Impact by high velocity projectiles, structural interspace has little effect on the anti-penetration performance of steel-GFRP armor structure. Enough interspace can improve the antipenetration performance of GFRP-steel armor structure, but the anti-penetration performance changes little with the increase of the interspace.
Analysis of Effects of Winter Construction Treatments on Fiber Concrete Samples Using an Improved Box Dimension Method
Authors: Li Yi , Guan Cong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The influence of winter construction on the microstructure of hybrid fiber concrete was studied. Ordinary concrete, basalt-polypropylene (BP) fiber reinforced concrete, and steel-polypropylene (SP) fiber reinforced concrete were investigated under three different working conditions: construction during winter without any protective measures, with some construction modification, and with standard curing and protection. The characteristic parameters of the resulting concrete microstructure were obtained using the Denmark Rapidair457 test system. Because the traditional box dimension method is unable to accurately analyze the uniformity of the pore size distribution. An improved box dimension method was used to accurately determine the scale-free interval, allowing comparative analysis of the fractal characteristics of the same concrete material under different working conditions. The results show highest air content for samples constructed during winter without any protective measures, followed by samples constructed during winter but with modified construction measures, and then lowest for samples constructed using standard maintenance practices. The specific surface of pores and the fractal dimension was highest for samples constructed using standard maintenance practices, followed by samples constructed during winter with modified construction measures, and then lowest for samples constructed during winter without any protective measures. The fractal dimension increased as the air content decreased, and increased as the specific surface increased. The pore structure test results were consistent with the analysis of the fractal dimension.