bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Process Physics of Ultrasound-Assisted Bioprinting
Authors: Chansoria Parth , Shirwaiker Rohan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract3D bioprinting has been evolving as an important strategy for the fabrication of engineered tissues for clinical, diagnostic, and research applications. A major advantage of bioprinting is the ability to recapitulate the patient-specific tissue macro-architecture using cellular bioinks. The effectiveness of bioprinting can be significantly enhanced by incorporating the ability to preferentially organize cellular constituents within 3D constructs to mimic the intrinsic micro-architectural characteristics of native tissues. Accordingly, this work focuses on a new non-contact and label-free approach called ultrasound-assisted bioprinting (UAB) that utilizes acoustophoresis principle to align cells within bioprinted constructs. We describe the underlying process physics and develop and validate computational models to determine the effects of ultrasound process parameters (excitation mode, excitation time, frequency, voltage amplitude) on the relevant temperature, pressure distribution, and alignment time characteristics. Using knowledge from the computational models, we experimentally investigate the effect of selected process parameters (frequency, voltage amplitude) on the critical quality attributes (cellular strand width, inter-strand spacing, and viability) of MG63 cells in alginate as a model bioink system. Finally, we demonstrate the UAB of bilayered constructs with parallel (0°–0°) and orthogonal (0°–90°) cellular alignment across layers. Results of this work highlight the key interplay between the UAB process design and characteristics of aligned cellular constructs, and represent an important next step in our ability to create biomimetic engineered tissues.
Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering highlights state of chromatin condensation in CH region
Authors: Guerenne-Del Ben Tiffany , Rajaofara Zakaniaina , Couderc Vincent , Sol Vincent , Kano Hideaki , Leproux Philippe , Petit Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCoherent Raman microscopy has become a powerful tool in label-free, non-destructive and fast cell imaging. Here we apply high spectral resolution multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (MCARS) microspectroscopy in the high wavenumber region to the study of the cell cycle. We show that heterochromatin - the condensed state of chromatin - can be visualised by means of the vibrational signature of proteins taking part in its condensation. Thus, we are able to identify chromosomes and their movement during mitosis, as well as structures like nucleoli and nuclear border in interphase. Furthermore, the specific organization of the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis is highlighted. Finally, we stress that MCARS can reveal the biochemical impact of the fixative method at the cellular level. Beyond the study of the cell cycle, this work introduces a label-free imaging approach that enables the visualization of cellular processes where chromatin undergoes rearrangements.
Cirurgia em metástase vertebral: Proposta de modelo preditivo de morbimortalidade
Authors: Anzuatégui Pedro Reggiani , Cunha Luiz Antônio Munhoz da , Mello Glauco José Pauka , Stieven Filho Edmar , Graells Xavier Soler 
Published: September 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Desenvolver um modelo preditivo de morbimortalidade pós-operatória precoce com o intuito de auxiliar na seleção dos candidatos à cirurgia para metástase vertebral.
Métodos Análise retrospectiva de pacientes consecutivos operados por doença metastática vertebral. As características pré-operatórias consideradas possivelmente prognósticas foram: sexo, idade, comorbidades, velocidade de progressão tumoral e contagem de leucócitos e linfócitos no sangue periférico. Os desfechos pós-operatórios analisados foram: mortalidade em 30 dias e em 90 dias, e presença de complicações. Um modelo preditivo foi desenvolvido a partir de fatores independentemente associados a esses três desfechos. Testou-se então o modelo estabelecido quanto à tendência de prever eventos adversos, à capacidade de discriminação e à calibração.
Resultados Um total de 205 pacientes foram operados entre 2002 e 2015. A mortalidade em 30 dias e em 90 dias e a incidência de complicações foram de 17%, 42% e 31%, respectivamente. Os fatores independentemente associados a esses três desfechos, e que constituíram o modelo preditivo, foram: presença de comorbidades, tumor primário de progressão não lenta, e linfócitos abaixo de 1.000 células/µL. A exposição a nenhum, um, dois ou três fatores definiu as categorias do modelo preditivo: baixo, moderado, alto e de extremo risco, respectivamente. Comparando-se as categorias, houve aumento progressivo na ocorrência dos desfechos, seguindo tendência linear. A capacidade de discriminação foi de 72%, 73% e 70% para mortalidade em 30 dias, em 90 dias e incidência de complicações, respectivamente. Não ocorreu falta de calibração.
Conclusão O modelo preditivo permite estimar a morbimortalidade após a cirurgia para metástase vertebral e hierarquizar os riscos em baixo, moderado, alto e extremo.
Administrações Orais do Látex da Hancornia speciosa Gomes não aumentam a neoformação óssea
Authors: Felipetti Francielly Andressa , Bereta Rafaela Mariano , Piedade Sônia Maria Stefano , Novaes Pedro Duarte 
Published: September 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito sistêmico do látex de H. speciosas obre a neoformação óssea.
Métodos Para isso, o látex foi coletado e diluído a 3% e a 50%. Um total de 28 ratos Wistar foi submetido a cirurgia para a criação de um defeito de 5 mm de diâmetro no osso parietal. Esse experimento foi conduzido em dois períodos distintos: 1 e 2. Para cada período, os ratos foram divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo Controle, Grupo Látex3 e Grupo Látex50 que receberam, respectivamente, administrações diárias de 0,5 mL de água destilada, látex a 3% e látex a 50% por gavagem, via oral. Os ratos dos períodos 1 e 2 foram eutanasiados, respectivamente, 15 e 30 dias após a cirurgia e a calvária foi coletada. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando os testes ANOVA e Tukey; o nível de significância estabelecido foi 0,05.
Resultados Mostramos que, em cada período analisado, os grupos experimentais tiveram a mesma quantidade de osso neoformado no defeito da calvária.
Conclusão Portanto, concluímos que administrações diárias e orais do látex de H. speciosa a 3% e a 50% durante um período de 15 e 30 dias não contribui para o aumento da área do osso neoformado no defeito da calvária.
Consensus building on trust in government
Authors: Macedo Higgins Joyce Vanessa De , Khani Zahra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study contrasts the effects of news media to those of neighborhood in building consensus regarding trust in
government. Consensus building is a consequence of agenda setting at a societal level. It conducts a secondary data analysis from
an online survey with a panel of 983 older Texans from November/December 2015. We found significant correlation between trust and
following the news, accessing TV news, using digital media, online news and newspapers. We found that news media in general and
online news increased consensus both within education and location; radio and television increased consensus for education and
digital media for income. Our spatial auto-correlation test found a minimal tendency of similar values of trust to be clustered.
We cannot infer that neighborhood contributes in the formation of trust. We found evidence, in a case study of older Texans, that
the news media may bring us closer together than next-door neighbors
A method to verify sections of arc during intrafraction portal dosimetry for prostate VMAT
Authors: Bedford James L , Hanson Ian M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the use of a running sum of images during segment-resolved intrafraction portal dosimetry for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), so as to alert the operator to an error before it becomes irremediable. At the time of treatment planning, predicted portal images were created for each segment of the VMAT arc, and at the time of delivery, intrafraction monitoring software polled the portal imager to read new images as they became available. The predicted and measured images were compared and displayed on a segment basis. In particular, a running sum of images from ten segments (a ‘section’) was investigated, with mean absolute difference between predicted and measured images being quantified. Images for 13 prostate patients were used to identify appropriate tolerance values for this statistic. Errors in monitor units of 2%–10%, field size of 2–10 mm, field position of 2–10 mm and path length of 10–50 mm were deliberately introduced into the treatment plans and delivered to a water-equivalent phantom and the sensitivity of the method to these errors was investigated. Gross errors were also considered for one case. The patient images show considerable variability from segment to segment, but when using a section of the arc the variability is reduced, so that the maximum value of mean absolute difference between predicted and measured images is reduced to below 12%, after excluding the first 10% of segments. This tolerance level is also found to be applicable for delivery of the plans to a water-equivalent phantom. Using this as a tolerance level for the error plans, a 10% increase in monitor units is detected, 4 mm increase or shift in multileaf collimator settings can be detected, and an air gap of dimensions 40 mm  ×  50 mm is detected. Gross errors can also be detected instantly after the first 10% of segments. The running difference between predicted and measured images over ten segments is able to identify errors at specific regions of the arc, as well as in the overall treatment.
Global well-posedness for the semilinear wave equation with time dependent damping in the overdamping case
Authors: Ikeda Masahiro , Wakasugi Yuta 
Published: September 2019

We study the global existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the wave equation with time-dependent damping and a power nonlinearity in the overdamping case:

{

u

t
t

−
Δ
u
+
b
(
t
)

u
t

=
N
(
u
)
,

a
m
p
;
t
∈
[
0
,
T
)
,

x
∈

R

d

,

u
(
0
)
=

u
0

,

u
t

(
0
)
=

u
1

,

a
m
p
;
x
∈

R

d

.

\begin{align*}\left \{\begin {array}{ll} u_{tt} - \Delta u + b(t) u_t = N(u),&t\in [0,T),\ x\in \mathbb {R}^d,\\ u(0) = u_0,\ u_t(0) = u_1,&x\in \mathbb {R}^d. \end{array}\right . \end{align*}

Here,

b
(
t
)

b(t)

is a positive

C
1

C^1

-function on

[
0
,
∞
)

[0,\infty )

satisfying
\[

b
(
t

)

−
1

∈

L
1

(
0
,
∞
)
,

b(t)^{-1} \in L^1(0,\infty ),

\]
whose case is called overdamping.

N
(
u
)

N(u)

denotes the

p
p

th order power nonlinearities. It is well known that the problem is locally well-posed in the energy space

H
1

(

R

d

)
×

L
2

(

R

d

)

H^1(\mathbb {R}^d)\times L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)

in the energy-subcritical or energy-critical case

1
≤
p
≤

p
1

1\le p\le p_1

, where

p
1

:=
1
+

4

d
−
2

p_1:=1+\frac {4}{d-2}

if

d
≥
3

d\ge 3

or

p
1

=
∞

p_1=\infty

if

d
=
1
,
2

d=1,2

. It is known that when

N
(
u
)
:=
±

|

u

|

p

N(u):=\pm |u|^p

, small data blow-up in

L
1

L^1

-framework occurs in the case

b
(
t

)

−
1

∉

L
1

(
0
,
∞
)

b(t)^{-1} \notin L^1(0,\infty )

and

1
>
p
>

p
c

(
>

p
1

)

1>p>p_c(> p_1)

, where

p
c

p_c

is a critical exponent, i.e., threshold exponent dividing the small data global existence and the small data blow-up. The main purpose in the present paper is to prove the global well-posedness to the problem for small data

(

u
0

,

u
1

)
∈

H
1

(

R

d

)
×

L
2

(

R

d

)

(u_0,u_1)\in H^1(\mathbb {R}^d)\times L^2(\mathbb {R}^d)

in the whole energy-subcritical case, i.e.,

1
≤
p
>

p
1

1\le p>p_1

. This result implies that the small data blow-up does not occur in the overdamping case, different from the other case

b
(
t

)

−
1

∉

L
1

(
0
,
∞
)

b(t)^{-1}\notin L^1(0,\infty )

, i.e., the effective or noneffective damping.
Regular Exercise Participation Contributes to Better Proteostasis, Inflammatory Profile, and Vasoactive Profile in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Teixeira Manuel , Gouveia Marisol , Duarte Ana , Ferreira Miriam , Simões Maria I , Conceição Maria , Silva Gladys , Magalhães Sandra , Ferreira Rita , Nunes Alexandra , Vieira Sandra I , Ribeiro Fernando 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Physical exercise is a well-established strategy to control blood pressure. Nonetheless, its effects on protein homeostasis in individuals with hypertension are not clearly defined.

AIMS
Evaluate proteostasis, quality of life, and inflammation, oxidative stress, and vasoactive biomarkers in adults with hypertension regarding reported exercise habits.

METHODS
Twenty individuals were recruited in a health-care centre, 10 regular exercisers (age: 68.3 ± 4.2 years) and 10 age-matched individuals without regular exercise participation (age: 67.7 ± 5.1 years). Proteostasis and the levels of ubiquitin, heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), connexin 43 (Cx43) and extracellular superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3) were assessed in plasma using immunoblotting techniques (western blot or slot blot) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Quality of life was assessed using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) version 2.0 questionnaire.

RESULTS
Significant higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0.014), eNOS (P = 0.011), Cx43 (P = 0.020), TIMP-2 (P = 0.038), and SOD-3 (P = 0.001), with a fold increase of 1.5, 1.2, 2.1, 1.3, and 1.2, respectively, were found in the exercise group. The overall quality of life (60.1 ± 4.3 vs. 53.2 ± 5.9, P = 0.009), as well as mental health domain (59.4 ± 7.9 vs. 50.7 ± 7.2, P = 0.024) were significantly higher in the exercise group. Multivariate analysis by FTIR showed that the age-matched group is characterized by peaks related with antiparallel β-sheet, whereas exercise group is characterized by peaks related to random coils, β-sheet, and α-helix.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with regular exercise participation showed better proteostasis, quality of life, inflammatory profile, antioxidant defenses, and eNOS levels.
Short-term thermal acclimation of dark respiration is greater in non-photosynthetic than in photosynthetic tissues
Authors: Smith Nicholas G , Li Guoyong , Dukes Jeffrey S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThermal acclimation of plant respiration is highly relevant to climate projections; when included in models, it reduces the future rate of atmospheric CO2 rise. Although all living plant tissues respire, few studies have examined differences in acclimation among tissues, and leaf responses have received greater attention than stems and roots. Here, we examine the short-term temperature acclimation of leaf, stem and root respiration within individuals of eight disparate species acclimated to five temperatures, ranging from 15 to 35 °C. To assess acclimation, we measured instantaneous tissue temperature response curves (14–50 °C) on each individual following a 7-day acclimation period. In leaves and photosynthetic stems, the acclimation temperature had little effect on the instantaneous tissue temperature response of respiration, indicating little to no thermal acclimation in these tissues. However, respiration did acclimate in non-photosynthetic tissues; respiratory rates measured at the acclimation temperature were similar across the different acclimation temperatures. Respiratory demand of photosynthetic tissue increased with acclimation temperature as a result of increased photosynthetic demands, resulting in rates measured at the acclimation temperature that increased with increasing acclimation temperature. In non-photosynthetic tissue, the homeostatic response of respiration suggests that acclimation temperature had little influence on respiratory demand. Our results indicate that respiratory temperature acclimation differs by tissue type and that this difference is the consequence of the coupling between photosynthesis and respiration in photosynthetic, but not non-photosynthetic tissue. These insights provide an avenue for improving the representation of respiratory temperature acclimation in large-scale models.
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons Regarding Informed Consent
Authors: Hagopian Chelsea O , Ades Teresa B , Hagopian Thomas M , Wolfswinkel Erik M , Stevens W Grant 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBest practice for informed consent in aesthetic plastic surgery is a process of shared decision-making, yet evidence strongly suggests this is not commonly reflected in practice nor is it supported by traditional informed consent documents (ICD). Falsely held beliefs by clinicians about shared decision-making may contribute to its lack of adoption.ObjectiveThe authors sought to understand the baseline attitudes, beliefs, and practices of informed consent among board-certified plastic surgeons with a primarily aesthetics practice.MethodsA 15-question online survey was emailed to active members of the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. Items included demographics, Likert scales, free-text, acceptability, and 1 question seeking consensus on general information all patients must understand before any surgery.ResultsThis survey yielded a 13% response rate with a 52% completion rate across 10 countries and 31 US states. A total of 69% were very or extremely confident that ICD contain evidence-based information, but 63% were not at all or not so confident in ICD effectiveness of prompting patients to teach-back essential information. A total of 50% believed surgical ICD should be reviewed annually. Eighty-six percent reported assistance with patient education during informed consent. Members of professional plastic surgery societies should be a source of evidence for content (free-text). A total of 64% were somewhat to very satisfied with the survey and 84% will probably to definitely participate in future related surveys.ConclusionsThe findings echo concerns in the literature that ICD are focused on disclosure instead of patient understanding. There is notable concern regarding information overload and retention but less regarding the quality and completeness of information. Current culture suggests key clinician stakeholders are amenable to change.
Norms Are What Machines Make of Them: Autonomous Weapons Systems and the Normative Implications of Human-Machine Interactions
Authors: Huelss Hendrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The emergence of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) is increasingly in the academic and public focus. Research largely focuses on the legal and ethical implications of AWS as a new weapons category set to revolutionize the use of force. However, the debate on AWS neglects the question of what introducing these weapons systems could mean for how decisions are made. Pursuing this from a theoretical-conceptual perspective, the article critically analyzes what impact AWS can have on norms as standards of appropriate action. The article draws on the Foucauldian “apparatus of security” to develop a concept that accommodates the role of security technologies for the conceptualization of norms guiding the use of force. It discusses to what extent a technologically mediated construction of a normal reality emerges in the interplay of machinic and human agency and how this leads to the development of norms. The article argues that AWS provide a specific construction of reality in their operation and thereby define procedural norms that tend to replace the deliberative, normative-political decision on when, how, and why to use force. The article is a theoretical-conceptual contribution to the question of why AWS matter and why we should further consider the implications of new arrangements of human-machine interactions in IR.
Primary CNS Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: Importance of Epigenetic and Transcriptomic Assays for Accurate Diagnosis
Authors: Jour George , Serrano Jonathan , Koelsche Christian , Jones David T W , von Deimling Andreas , Allen Jeffrey , Snuderl Matija 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 22-year-old woman who developed increasing headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Imaging identified a 3 × 3 cm heterogeneously enhancing cystic mass in the posterior III ventricular/pineal region. Pathology review of the initial lesion revealed a highly malignant spindle cell neoplasm composed of round to mostly oval elongated cells with relatively small amounts of cytoplasm arranged in sheets and fascicles with focal storiform pattern. Whole genome methylation analysis through unsupervised clustering with data generated from other primary intracranial tumors and peripheral sarcomas was performed at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and classified the tumor with the group of alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas (ARMS). Further RNA sequencing revealed an in frame PAX3 (EX 7)-NCOA2 (EX12) fusion confirming the diagnosis. This is the first evidence of occurrence of PAX3-NCOA2 in primary CNS ARMS.
Cell Senescence and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in the Brains of People Aged 80 Years and Older
Authors: Norton Emma J , Bridges Leslie R , Kenyon Lawrence C , Esiri Margaret M , Bennett Dorothy C , Hainsworth Atticus H 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in penetrating arteries is a major cause of age-related morbidity. Cellular senescence is a molecular process targeted by novel senolytic drugs. We quantified senescence in penetrating arteries and tested whether myocyte senescence was associated with cSVD. We immunolabeled subcortical white matter of older persons (age 80–96 years, n = 60) with minimal AD, using antibodies to 2 established senescence markers (H3K9me3, γH2AX) and a myocyte marker (hSMM). Within the walls of penetrating arteries (20–300 µm), we quantified senescence-associated heterochromatic foci (SAHF)-positive nuclei, cell density (nuclei/µm2), and sclerotic index (SI). Senescent-appearing mural cells were present in small arteries of all cases. cSVD cases exhibited a lower proportion of senescent-appearing cells and lower area fraction (AF%) of SAHF-positive nuclei compared to controls (p = 0.014, 0.016, respectively). cSVD severity and SI both correlated negatively with AF% (p = 0.013, 0.002, respectively). Mural cell density was lower (p < 0.001) and SI higher (p < 0.001) in cSVD, relative to controls. In conclusion, senescent myocyte-like cells were universal in penetrating arteries of an AD-free cohort aged 80 years and older. Senescent-appearing nuclei were more common in persons aged 80 years and older without cSVD compared to cSVD cases, indicating caution in senolytic drug prescribing. Myocyte senescence and cSVD may represent alternative vessel fates in the aging human brain.