bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Road Friction
Coefficient in Different Road Conditions Based on Vehicle Braking
Dynamics
Authors: Zhao You-Qun , Li Hai-Qing , Lin Fen , Wang Jian , Ji Xue-Wu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe accurate estimation of road friction coefficient in
the active safety control system has become increasingly prominent.
Most previous studies on road friction estimation have only used
vehicle longitudinal or lateral dynamics and often ignored the load
transfer, which tends to cause inaccurate of the actual road
friction coefficient. A novel method considering load transfer of
front and rear axles is proposed to estimate road friction
coefficient based on braking dynamic model of two-wheeled vehicle.
Sliding mode control technique is used to build the ideal braking
torque controller, which control target is to control the actual
wheel slip ratio of front and rear wheels tracking the ideal wheel
slip ratio. In order to eliminate the chattering problem of the
sliding mode controller, integral switching surface is used to
design the sliding mode surface. A second order linear extended
state observer is designed to observe road friction coefficient
based on wheel speed and braking torque of front and rear wheels.
The proposed road friction coefficient estimation schemes are
evaluated by simulation in ADAMS/Car. The results show that the
estimated values can well agree with the actual values in different
road conditions. The observer can estimate road friction coefficient
exactly in real-time and resist external disturbance. The proposed
research provides a novel method to estimate road friction
coefficient with strong robustness and more accurate.
Enhanced synergetic effect of Cr(VI) ion removal and anionic dye degradation with superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite meso–macroporous nanospheres
Authors: Thomas Bintu , Alexander L. K. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The overall effectiveness of a photocatalytic water treatment method strongly depends on various physicochemical factors. Superparamagnetic photocatalysts have incomparable advantage of easy separation using external magnetic fields. So, the synthesis of efficient superparamagnetic photocatalysts and the development of a deep understanding of the factors influencing their catalytic performances are important. Co
x
Zn1−x
Fe2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1) ferrite nanospheres were synthesized by the solvothermal route. The reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation of methyl orange (MO) impurities were carried out in single- and binary-component system under visible light irradiation. The adsorption experiments were done by the catalyst in the water solution containing the impurities. The magnetic and optical properties were studied by VSM and UV–Vis analysis. The nature of porosity was investigated using the BET method. 3D nanospheres of diameter about 5–10 nm were fabricated. The binary-contaminant system exhibited synergetic photocatalytic effect (80% improvement in activity rate) against the nanoparticles. The corresponding mechanism is discussed. CoFe2O4 exhibited better adsorption, photocatalytic and magnetic separation efficiency due to its higher surface area (50% higher), narrower band gap (25% lesser), smaller crystallite size, a strong magnetic strength (51.35 emu/g) and meso–macro hierarchical porous structure. The adsorption of Cr(VI) and MO can be approximated to the Langmuir and Freundlich model, respectively.
Elevated phospholipase D isoform 1 in Alzheimer's disease patients' hippocampus: Relevance to synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits
Authors: Krishnan Balaji , Kayed Rakez , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionPhospholipase D (PLD), a lipolytic enzyme that breaks down membrane phospholipids, is also involved in signaling mechanisms downstream of seven transmembrane receptors. Abnormally elevated levels of PLD activity are well‐established in Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating the two isoforms of mammalian phosphatidylcholine cleaving PLD (PC‐PLD1 and PC‐PLD2). Therefore, we took a systematic approach of investigating isoform‐specific expression in human synaptosomes and further investigated the possibility of therapeutic intervention using preclinical studies.MethodsSynaptosomal Western blot analyses on the postmortem human hippocampus, temporal cortex, and frontal cortex of AD patient brains/age‐matched controls and the 3XTg‐AD mice hippocampus (mouse model with overexpression of human amyloid precursor protein, presenilin‐1 gene, and microtubule‐associated protein tau causing neuropathology progressing comparable to that in human AD patients) were used to detect the levels of neuronal PLD1 expression. Mouse hippocampal long‐term potentiation of PLD1‐dependent changes was studied using pharmacological approaches in ex vivo slice preparations from wild‐type and transgenic mouse models. Finally, PLD1‐dependent changes in novel object recognition memory were assessed following PLD1 inhibition.ResultsWe observed elevated synaptosomal PLD1 in the hippocampus/temporal cortex from postmortem tissues of AD patients compared to age‐matched controls and age‐dependent hippocampal PLD1 increases in 3XTg‐AD mice. PLD1 inhibition blocked effects of oligomeric amyloid β or toxic oligomeric tau species on high‐frequency stimulation long‐term potentiation and novel object recognition deficits in wild‐type mice. Finally, PLD1 inhibition blocked long‐term potentiation deficits normally observed in aging 3XTg‐AD mice.DiscussionUsing human studies, we propose a novel role for PLD1‐dependent signaling as a critical mechanism underlying oligomer‐driven synaptic dysfunction and consequent memory disruption in AD. We, further, provide the first set of preclinical studies toward future therapeutics targeting PLD1 in slowing down/stopping the progression of AD‐related memory deficits as a complementary approach to immunoscavenging clinical trials that are currently in progress.
Village Dispute Mediation in China, 2002–10: An Enduring Institution amid Rural Change
Authors: READ Benjamin L. , MICHELSON Ethan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mediation of disputes by community leaders in China has deep historical roots and has long been among the responsibilities of neighbourhoods and villages. While most research on the topic has looked at cities, mediation is in fact more common in the countryside. This paper draws on a survey conducted in 2002 (n=2,164) and repeated in 2010 (n=2,659), covering 23 villages in five provinces, which provides detailed data on conflict from disputants themselves. We examine the evolution of this much-debated mode of conflict resolution and assess its prevalence and effectiveness relative to alternatives. We find that, even as overall rates of disputing declined, seeking intervention by village authorities remained as common a response to disputes in 2010 as it was eight years prior. The paper thus sheds light on a primary means through which the party-state has tried to maintain stability, tamp down strife, and assert its primacy at the community level.
A spatio-temporal analysis of trends in Northern Hemisphere snow-dominated area and duration, 1971–2014
Authors: Allchin Michael I. , Déry Stephen J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTSeasonal snow-cover modulates water and energy budgets across large areas of the Northern Hemisphere. Previous research, based on satellite imagery interpreted and curated by the Rutgers University Snow Laboratory, has identified significant negative and positive trends in annual snow-covered duration and area at hemispheric and continental scales between 1971 and 2014. This study uses the same dataset to generate more detailed descriptions of spatial variations in these trends, maps intraannual variations in sign, statistical significance and strength, and quantifies associations with latitude and elevation. It also considers the limitations and uncertainties associated with a binary classification of this type, and the implications for trend magnitudes of adopting alternatives to the conventional assumption of 100% (0%) actual fractional snow-covered area in ‘snow-covered’ (‘snow-free’) spatial units at different stages of the snow-season. This prompts adoption of alternative terminology, referring to ‘snow-dominated’ area and duration. In response to questions about the dataset's veracity raised by some prior studies, it discusses climatological factors of potential relevance in explaining spatio-temporal trend patterns, and considers how biases might possibly have been introduced as a result of extraneous influences.
On natural modes in moonpools and gaps in finite depth
Authors: Molin B. , Zhang X. , Huang H. , Remy F. 
Published: February 2018

In this paper an extension of the theoretical model of Molin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 430, 2001, pp. 27–50) is proposed, where the assumptions of infinite depth and infinite horizontal extent of the support are released. The fluid domain is decomposed into two subdomains: the moonpool (or the gap) and a lower subdomain bounded by the seafloor and by an outer cylinder where the linearized velocity potential is assumed to be nil. Eigenfunction expansions are used to describe the velocity potential in both subdomains. Garrett’s method is then applied to match the velocity potentials at the common boundary and an eigenvalue problem is formulated and solved, yielding the natural frequencies and associated modal shapes of the free surface. Applications are made, first in the case of a circular moonpool, then in the rectangular gap and moonpool cases. Based on so-called single-mode approximations, simple formulas are proposed that give the resonant frequencies.
Moving In and Out of In-work Poverty in the UK: An Analysis of Transitions, Trajectories and Trigger Events
Authors: HICK ROD , LANAU ALBA 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is growing concern about the problem of in-work poverty in the UK. Despite this, the literature on in-work poverty remains small in comparison with that on low pay and, in particular, we know relatively little about how people move in and out of in-work poverty. This paper presents an analysis of in-work poverty transitions in the UK, and extends the literature in this field in a number of identified ways. The paper finds that in-work poverty is more transitory than poverty amongst working-age adults more generally, and that the number of workers in the household is a particularly strong predictor of in-work poverty transitions. For most, in-work poverty is a temporary phenomenon, and most exits are by exiting poverty while remaining in work. However, our study finds that respondents who experience in-work poverty are three times more likely than non-poor workers to become workless, while one-quarter of respondents in workless, poor families who gained work entered in-work poverty. These findings demonstrate the limits to which work provides a route out of poverty, and points to the importance of trying to support positive transitions while minimising negative shocks faced by working poor families.
Readable flowers: global circulation and translation of collected saints’ lives
Authors: Greenwood Jonathan E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article argues that Flowers (flores sanctorum), collections of saints’ lives arranged by the liturgical calendar, were the first genre of devotional literature to have a global reach during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This article begins with the medieval origins of Flowers before analysing their dispersion in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries by the Franciscans and Jesuits. By taking a temporal long view and a transoceanic perspective, the article contributes to the scholarship on early modern evangelization, translation, global networks, and the historiographies of the Franciscans and Jesuits.
The world’s fairs as spaces of global knowledge: Latin American archaeology and anthropology in the age of exhibitions
Authors: Schuster Sven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAt the end of the nineteenth century, Brazil, Mexico, and Peru were among the countries participating in the most important world’s fairs in Europe and North America. These mass gatherings focused on national self-images as well as technological development and commodities, but the Latin American exhibition organizers also understood them to be transnational spaces that contributed to the mobility of persons, objects, and knowledge. In this context, the scientific display of pre-Columbian ‘antiquities’ was regarded as being as important as the participation in archaeological and anthropological congresses. By understanding the world’s fairs as ‘spaces of global knowledge’, this article highlights the agency of Latin American scientists, intellectuals, and collectors in the transnational endeavour to create a ‘Latin American antiquity’ at the fairgrounds. Although most fair attendees sought to study and display the pre-Columbian past in an objective manner, the older dream of (re-)constructing the splendour of America’s ancient civilizations never completely vanished.
Specialized plant biochemistry drives gene clustering in fungi
Authors: Gluck-Thaler Emile , Slot Jason C 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The fitness and evolution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are affected by the organization of their genomes. In particular, the physical clustering of genes can coordinate gene expression and can prevent the breakup of co-adapted alleles. Although clustering may thus result from selection for phenotype optimization and persistence, the impact of environmental selection pressures on eukaryotic genome organization has rarely been systematically explored. Here, we investigated the organization of fungal genes involved in the degradation of phenylpropanoids, a class of plant-produced secondary metabolites that mediate many ecological interactions between plants and fungi. Using a novel gene cluster detection method, we identified 1110 gene clusters and many conserved combinations of clusters in a diverse set of fungi. We demonstrate that congruence in genome organization over small spatial scales is often associated with similarities in ecological lifestyle. Additionally, we find that while clusters are often structured as independent modules with little overlap in content, certain gene families merge multiple modules into a common network, suggesting they are important components of phenylpropanoid degradation strategies. Together, our results suggest that phenylpropanoids have repeatedly selected for gene clustering in fungi, and highlight the interplay between genome organization and ecological evolution in this ancient eukaryotic lineage.
STK17B promotes carcinogenesis and metastasis via AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lan Yaliang , Han Jihua , Wang Yan , Wang Jiabei , Yang Guangchao , Li Keyu , Song Ruipeng , Zheng Tongsen , Liang Yingjian , Pan Shangha , Liu Xirui , Zhu Mingxi , Liu Yao , Meng Fanzheng , Mohsin Manzoor , Cui Yifeng , Zhang Bo , Subash Sharma , Liu Lianxin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy worldwide with frequent intrahepatic and distant metastasis. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism that modulates HCC progression is critical for exploring novel therapeutic strategies. Serine/Threonine Kinase 17B (STK17B) is upregulated in HCC tissues, but its role in HCC progression remains elusive. In the present studies, we reported that STK17B had a critical role in HCC progression. STK17B was significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines and specimens, and patients with ectopic STK17B expression characterized with poor clinicopathological features. In vitro and in vivo assay demonstrated that inhibition of STK17B markedly inhibits HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, while STK17B overexpression promoted these processes. Furthermore, we found that STK17B promoted EMT process via activating AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signal pathway, and miR-455-3p was identified as the upstream regulator of STK17B. Combination of high level of STK17B and low level of miR-455-3p predicted poor prognosis with higher accuracy for HCC patients. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that STK17B promotes HCC progression, induces EMT process via activating AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signal and predicts poor prognosis in HCC.
Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect
Authors: Secker Philipp F. , Beneke Sascha , Schlichenmaier Nadja , Delp Johannes , Gutbier Simon , Leist Marcel , Dietrich Daniel R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent FDA Drug Safety Communications report an increased risk for acute kidney injury in patients treated with the gliflozin class of sodium/glucose co-transport inhibitors indicated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To identify a potential rationale for the latter, we used an in vitro human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell model system (RPTEC/TERT1), physiologically representing human renal proximal tubule function. A targeted metabolomics approach, contrasting gliflozins to inhibitors of central carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function, revealed a double mode of action for canagliflozin, but not for its analogs dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. Canagliflozin inhibited the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I at clinically relevant concentrations. This dual inhibition specifically prevented replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites by glutamine (anaplerosis) and thus altered amino acid pools by increasing compensatory transamination reactions. Consequently, canagliflozin caused a characteristic intracellular accumulation of glutamine, glutamate and alanine in confluent, quiescent RPTEC/TERT1. Canagliflozin, but none of the classical ETC inhibitors, induced cytotoxicity at particularly low concentrations in proliferating RPTEC/TERT1, serving as model for proximal tubule regeneration in situ. This finding is testimony of the strong dependence of proliferating cells on glutamine anaplerosis via GDH. Our discovery of canagliflozin-mediated simultaneous inhibition of GDH and ETC complex I in renal cells at clinically relevant concentrations, and their particular susceptibility to necrotic cell death during proliferation, provides a mechanistic rationale for the adverse effects observed especially in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or previous kidney injury characterized by sustained regenerative tubular epithelial cell proliferation.
The long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1 promotes bladder cancer progression and recurrence through a positive feedback loop with Akt and E2F1
Authors: Su Feng , He Wang , Chen Changhao , Liu Mo , Liu Hongwei , Xue Feiyuan , Bi Junming , Xu Dawei , Zhao Yue , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin , Jiang Chun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as significant regulators in cancer progression. Positive feedback loops between lncRNAs and transcription factors have attracted increasing attention. Akt pathway plays a crucial role in bladder cancer growth and recurrence. In the present study, we demonstrate a novel regulatory pattern involving FOXD2-AS1, Akt, and E2F1. FOXD2-AS1 is highly expressed in bladder cancer and is associated with tumor stage, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Further experiments showed that FOXD2-AS1 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis demonstrated that FOXD2-AS1 negatively regulates the expression of Tribbles pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3), a negative regulator of Akt. Mechanistically, FOXD2-AS1 forms an RNA-DNA complex with the promoter of TRIB3, the transcriptional activity of which is subsequently repressed, and leads to the activation of Akt, which further increases the expression of E2F1, a vital transcription factor involved in the G/S transition. Interestingly, E2F1 could bind to the FOXD2-AS1 promoter region and subsequently enhance its transcriptional activity, indicating that FOXD2-AS1/Akt/E2F1 forms a feedback loop. In summary, this regulatory pattern of positive feedback may be a novel target for the treatment of bladder cancer and FOXD2-AS1 has the potential to be a new recurrence predictor.
Interleukin 4 modulates microglia homeostasis and attenuates the early slowly progressive phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Rossi Chiara , Cusimano Melania , Zambito Martina , Finardi Annamaria , Capotondo Alessia , Garcia-Manteiga Jose Manuel , Comi Giancarlo , Furlan Roberto , Martino Gianvito , Muzio Luca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicroglia activation is a commonly pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating disorder characterized by a selective motor neurons degeneration. Whether such activation might represent a causal event rather than a secondary epiphenomenon remains elusive. Here, we show that CNS-delivery of IL-4—via a lentiviral-mediated gene therapy strategy—skews microglia to proliferate, inducing these cells to adopt the phenotype of slowly proliferating cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that IL-4-treated microglia express a broad number of genes normally encoded by embryonic microglia. Since embryonic microglia sustain CNS development, we then hypothesized that turning adult microglia to acquire such phenotype via IL-4 might be an efficient in vivo strategy to sustain motor neuron survival in ALS. IL-4 gene therapy in SOD1G93A mice resulted in a general amelioration of clinical outcomes during the early slowly progressive phase of the disease. However, such approach did not revert neurodegenerative processes occurring in the late and fast progressing phase of the disease.
Modeling radiation injury-induced cell death and countermeasure drug responses in a human Gut-on-a-Chip
Authors: Jalili-Firoozinezhad Sasan , Prantil-Baun Rachelle , Jiang Amanda , Potla Ratnakar , Mammoto Tadanori , Weaver James C. , Ferrante Thomas C. , Kim Hyun Jung , Cabral Joaquim M. S. , Levy Oren , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStudies on human intestinal injury induced by acute exposure to γ-radiation commonly rely on use of animal models because culture systems do not faithfully mimic human intestinal physiology. Here we used a human Gut-on-a-Chip (Gut Chip) microfluidic device lined by human intestinal epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells to model radiation injury and assess the efficacy of radiation countermeasure drugs in vitro. Exposure of the Gut Chip to γ-radiation resulted in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA fragmentation, as well as villus blunting, disruption of tight junctions, and compromise of intestinal barrier integrity. In contrast, pre-treatment with a potential prophylactic radiation countermeasure drug, dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG), significantly suppressed all of these injury responses. Thus, the human Gut Chip may serve as an in vitro platform for studying radiation-induced cell death and associate gastrointestinal acute syndrome, in addition to screening of novel radio-protective medical countermeasure drugs.