bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional and Temporal Transferability of Multivariable Flood Damage Models
Authors: Wagenaar Dennis , Lüdtke Stefan , Schröter Kai , Bouwer Laurens M. , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReliable flood damage assessment is important for decision‐making in flood risk management. Flood damage assessment is often done with damage curves based only on water depth. These depth‐damage curves are usually developed based on data from a specific location and specific flood conditions. Such depth‐damage curves tend to be applied outside the scope of their validity. Validation studies show that in such cases depth‐damage curve are not very reliable, probably due to excluded influencing variables. The expectation is that the inclusion of more variables in a damage function will improve its transferability. We compare multi‐variable models based on Bayesian Networks and Random Forests developed on the basis of flood damage data sets from Germany and The Netherlands. The performance of the models is tested on a validation sub‐set of both countries' data. The models are also updated with data from the other country and then tested again. The results show that the German models (BN/RF‐FLEMOps) perform better in the Netherlands than the Dutch models (BN/RF‐Meuse) perform in Germany. This is probably because the FLEMOps models are based on more heterogeneous data than the Meuse models. The FLEMOps models, therefore, are better able to capture damages processes from other events and in other locations. Model performance improves via updating the models with data from the location to which the model is transferred to. The results show that there is high potential to develop improved damage models, by training multi‐variable models with heterogeneous data, for example from multiple flood events and locations.
A Unified Approach to Bed Load Transport Description Over a Wide Range of Flow Conditions via the Use of Conditional Data Treatment
Authors: Shih WuRong , Diplas Panayiotis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBed load transport is a highly nonlinear phenomenon. Numerous stress‐transport power relations, with exponents varying between 1.5 and 16, have been proposed to capture the entire range of solid discharge trends exhibited by experimental data. A physics‐based explanation of the variation in exponent values is provided here. The concept of time‐resolved local stream power is used to determine the above‐threshold energy available for mobilizing bed materials, giving rise to solid discharge estimates. The generated transport capacity records, analyzed by a long‐term averaging process, allow for the construction of bed load curves that resemble the trends frequently reported in prior experimental studies. Under such conditions, use of long‐term averaged bed shear stress and bed load transport rates provide practical, yet oversimplified accounts of the transport phenomenon. The limitation of this methodology is particularly evident in low‐to‐moderate transport rates, where the calculated bed shear stress and consequent bed load transport rates are underestimated compared to values based on active periods of sediment movement. As the degree of intermittency in bed load transport increases, so does the exponent to compensate for the inactive periods of bed mobility. Conditionally averaged stress‐transport data, based on the active periods of bed load transport alone, however, exhibit a constant trend, reasonably well represented by a 1.5 power formula across the entire transport range. This approach better reflects the prevailing cause and effect relation by properly accounting for varied transport timescales. Furthermore, the resulting transport trend signifies a nearly constant efficiency in entraining and transporting sediment particles.
Origin of Primitive Tholeiitic and Calc‐Alkaline Basalts at Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Authors: Carlson Richard W. , Grove Timothy L. , Donnelly‐Nolan Julie M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMajor and trace element and radiogenic isotopic characteristics of primitive mafic Pleistocene and Holocene lavas from Newberry Volcano, Oregon, define two groups. The first consists of dry tholeiitic high‐alumina olivine basalts that are slightly enriched in highly incompatible elements. The second group consists of calc‐alkaline basalts that contained 2–4 wt % H2O prior to eruption and shows strong enrichment in the light rare earth elements, Ba, and Sr, and deficits in Nb, Ta, Hf, and Zr. The tholeiitic basalts reflect 6–11% anhydrous adiabatic decompression melting of spinel peridotite. The calc‐alkaline basalts derived from compositionally distinct sources with strong LIL enrichment and relative depletion in HFSE, but with Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic composition only slightly distinct from the sources of the tholeiitic magmas. Radiogenic Os correlates with LREE enrichment in the calc‐alkaline magmas, which indicates that their source materials include a contribution from a mafic component that was melted in the garnet stability field. The calc‐alkaline magmas were derived by melting of peridotite metasomatized by a fluid/melt that originated by melting of a mixture of the sediment plus MORB basalt/mantle in the underlying subducting oceanic plate. While the trace element characteristics of the calc‐alkaline magmas were determined by the subduction component, their isotopic characteristics were modified during transit through the mantle by interaction with the highly magmatically processed mantle wedge beneath Newberry Volcano that, without the slab component, serves as the source of the tholeiitic magmas.
Perovskite seeding growth of formamidinium-lead-iodide-based perovskites for efficient and stable solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yicheng , Tan Hairen , Yuan Haifeng , Yang Zhenyu , Fan James Z. , Kim Junghwan , Voznyy Oleksandr , Gong Xiwen , Quan Li Na , Tan Chih Shan , Hofkens Johan , Yu Dapeng , Zhao Qing , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFormamidinium-lead-iodide (FAPbI3)-based perovskites with bandgap below 1.55 eV are of interest for photovoltaics in view of their close-to-ideal bandgap. Record-performance FAPbI3-based solar cells have relied on fabrication via the sequential-deposition method; however, these devices exhibit unstable output under illumination due to the difficulty of incorporating cesium cations (stabilizer) in sequentially deposited films. Here we devise a perovskite seeding method that efficiently incorporates cesium and beneficially modulates perovskite crystallization. First, perovskite seed crystals are embedded in the PbI2 film. The perovskite seeds serve as cesium sources and act as nuclei to facilitate crystallization during the formation of perovskite. Perovskite films with perovskite seeding growth exhibit a lowered trap density, and the resulting planar solar cells achieve stabilized efficiency of 21.5% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.13 V and a fill factor that exceeds 80%. The Cs-containing FAPbI3-based devices show a striking improvement in operational stability and retain 60% of their initial efficiency after 140 h operation under one sun illumination.
Novel Plasma Proteins in Nepalese School-aged Children are Associated with a Small Head Size at Birth
Authors: Lee Sun Eun , West Keith P. , Cole Robert N. , Schulze Kerry J. , Wu Lee S.-F. , Yager James D. , Groopman John , Christian Parul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFetal growth restriction increases the risk of poor childhood growth and development and chronic disease in adulthood. Yet, little is known about biological pathways that mediate the long-lasting effects of suboptimal intrauterine growth. We explored the plasma proteome in a cohort of 500 Nepalese children 6–8 years of age to identify plasma proteins associated with multiple anthropometric size indicators at birth. Among 982 proteins analyzed, no proteins differed by birth weight, length, or weight-for-length indicators. However, 25 proteins were differentially abundant in children with a small vs normal head circumference at birth (<−2 vs. ≥−2 z-scores of the WHO growth standards). Angiopoietin-like 6 was 19.4% more abundant and the other 24 proteins were 7–21% less abundant in children with a small vs normal head circumference at birth, adjusted for potential confounders. The less abundant proteins included actins, actin filament organizing proteins (α-actinin, talin, filamin, cofilin, profilin, and vinculin), proteins involved in muscle contraction, and glycolytic enzymes, which were all positively correlated with each other. A novel cluster of childhood plasma proteins involved in angiogenesis and cytoskeleton dynamics was associated with a small head size at birth. The prognostic value of an altered proteomic phenotype remains to be investigated.
Geometric constraints of endothelial cell migration on electrospun fibres
Authors: Ahmed Maqsood , Ramos Tiago , Wieringa Paul , Blitterswijk Clemens van , Boer Jan de , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiomaterial scaffolds that can form a template for tissue growth and repair forms the basis of many tissue engineering paradigms. Cell migration and colonisation is an important, and often overlooked, first step. In this study, fibrous guidance structures were produced via electrospinning and the effect of physical features such as fibre diameter (ranging from 500 nm to 10 μm) on endothelial cell migration was assessed. Using a modified wound healing assay, fibre diameter was found to have a significant effect on the rate of wound closure and the peak migration velocity of the cells with scaffold diameter shown to influence both morphology and alignment of the migrating cells. The expression, phosphorylation and distribution of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was disrupted on the different scaffolds with small-diameter scaffolds exhibiting increased FAK phosphorylation with the kinase present in the cytosol whereas on large-diameter scaffolds FAK was largely restricted to focal adhesions at the cell periphery. This study demonstrates that electrospun scaffolds can be used to model cell migration on fibrous substrates, and particularly for the studying effects of physical features of the substrate, and that FAK is a key mediator of cell-scaffold interactions on migrating cells.
Characterizing Cancer Drug Response and Biological Correlates: A Geometric Network Approach
Authors: Pouryahya Maryam , Oh Jung Hun , Mathews James C. , Deasy Joseph O. , Tannenbaum Allen R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present work, we apply a geometric network approach to study common biological features of anticancer drug response. We use for this purpose the panel of 60 human cell lines (NCI-60) provided by the National Cancer Institute. Our study suggests that mathematical tools for network-based analysis can provide novel insights into drug response and cancer biology. We adopted a discrete notion of Ricci curvature to measure, via a link between Ricci curvature and network robustness established by the theory of optimal mass transport, the robustness of biological networks constructed with a pre-treatment gene expression dataset and coupled the results with the GI50 response of the cell lines to the drugs. Based on the resulting drug response ranking, we assessed the impact of genes that are likely associated with individual drug response. For genes identified as important, we performed a gene ontology enrichment analysis using a curated bioinformatics database which resulted in biological processes associated with drug response across cell lines and tissue types which are plausible from the point of view of the biological literature. These results demonstrate the potential of using the mathematical network analysis in assessing drug response and in identifying relevant genomic biomarkers and biological processes for precision medicine.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation in Dendrobium catenatum From Different Locations
Authors: Lei Zhouxi , Zhou Chunhua , Ji Xiaoyu , Wei Gang , Huang Yuechun , Yu Wenxia , Luo Yingyi , Qiu Yue 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we applied transcriptome and UHPLC-MS technologies to investigate the flavonoids and their biosynthesis- and accumulation-related genes in Dendrobium catenatum from three different locations. Eight flavonoid glycosides were identified using standard references or previously isolated substances with MS data analysis. The total flavonoid contents were determined by reagents, and all the data were analyzed. In total, 23139 unigenes were obtained using the Dendrobium catenatum genome data. Of these, 10398 were annotated in the Gene Ontology (GO) database, 4203 were annotated in the KEGG database, and 10917 were annotated in the EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) database. Thirty-one of the unigenes annotated by the KEGG database were involved in flavonoid pathways. The genes involved in bio-modification, accumulation, transportation and the regulation of the flavonoid bio-synthesis process were investigated. In conclusion, the flavonoids in Dendrobium catenatum from three different locations were different in quantitative and qualitative which may contribute to the establishment of quality control method for this herbal plant. These differences were determined by flavonoids biosynthesis process and they were concluded by sorting out the expression level of certain biosynthesis related genes.
Regional surveys of macrobenthic shelf invertebrate communities in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, U.S.A.
Authors: Tyler Carrie L. , Kowalewski Michał 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite its importance for quantifying ecosystem responses to environmental and anthropogenic drivers, our understanding of spatial heterogeneity in marine communities remains inadequate. Studies in coastal marine benthic habitats are sparse, and predominantly target single higher taxonomic groups. Here we describe macrobenthic marine invertebrate community surveys from 52 localities in Onslow Bay (Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A.), over an extensive geographic area (~200 km2). The data consist of 11,467 individuals, 175 species, and 7 phyla. The data include species abundance data for each sample at all localities, and corresponding species lists and locality information. The metadata describe the sampling protocols and localities. The data provided here will facilitate examination of assemblage heterogeneity with regards to spatial and temporal patterns, and depth gradient analyses.
Overcurrent protection for gyrotrons on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak
Authors: Xu Weiye , Xu Handong , Feng Jianqiang , Yang Yong , Hu Huaichuan , Liu Fukun , Tang Yunying 
Published: April 2018

An overcurrent protection system is developed to ensure the safety of the gyrotrons in the electron cyclotron resonance heating system on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak. Both the fast response overcurrent protection subsystem and the slow response overcurrent protection subsystem were developed. The current transformers were used as the current sensors in the fast response protection subsystem. The models of the current transformers and the superconducting magnet were built to analyse the effect of the environmental magnetic field on the current transformers using finite integration method. This analysis method is novel and the analysis results show that the current transformers should be placed at a distance >2.2 m from the magnet centre to ensure its normal work. The shunts were used to monitor the currents in the slow response protection subsystem. An anti‐fuse FPGA and a timer is used to realise the signal processing in the fast protection circuit and the slow protection circuit, respectively. The response time of the fast protection circuit is <100 ns, and the response time of the slow protection circuit is <31 μs.
K-Stacker: Keplerian image recombination for the direct detection of exoplanets
Authors: Nowak M. , Le Coroller H. , Arnold L. , Dohlen K. , Estevez D. , Fusco T. , Sauvage J.-F. , Vigan A. 
Published: April 2018

Context. Angular differential imaging (ADI) takes advantage of the field rotation naturally induced by altitude-azimuth mounts to reduce static speckle noise. Used with facilities like SPHERE at the VLT, this technique allows one to achieve contrast ratios of 10−6. The ADI method, however, intrinsically limits the useful exposure time on a given target (to about 1–2 h per night). Detecting fainter exoplanets requires the combination of multiple observations acquired on different nights, potentially spread over several weeks or months, but the unknown orbital motion of the planet makes it particularly dififcult to properly combine all observations. In the near future, with the upcoming generation of Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) with increased resolution, the orbital motion may even become a problem on a single night.
Aims. We present a proof of concept for a new algorithm which can be used to detect exoplanets in high-contrast images. The algorithm properly combines multiple observations acquired during different nights, taking into account the orbital motion of the planet.
Methods. We simulate SPHERE/IRDIS time series of observations in which we blindly inject planets on random orbits, at random levels of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), below the detection limit (down to S∕N ≃ 1.5). We then use an optimization algorithm to “guess” the orbital parameters, and take into account the orbital motion to properly recombine the different images and eventually detect the planets.
Results. We show that an optimization algorithm can indeed be used to find undetected planets in temporal sequences of images, even if they are spread over orbital time scales. As expected, the typical gain in S/N is √n, n being the number of observations combined. We find that the K-Stacker algorithm is able de-orbit and combine the images to reach a level of performance similar to what could be expected if the planet was not moving. We find recovery rates of ≃ 50% at S∕N = 5. We also find that the algorithm is able to determine the position of the planet in individual frames at one pixel precision, even despite the fact that the planet itself is below the detection limit in each frame.
Conclusions. Our simulations show that K-Stacker can be used to detect planets at very low S/N level, down to ≃2 in individual frames, for series of ten images. This could be used to increase the contrast limit of current exoplanet imaging instruments and to discover fainter bodies. We also suggest that the ability of K-Stacker to determine the position of the planet in every image of the time series could be used as part of a new observing strategy in which long exposures would be broken into shorter ones spread over months. This could make it possible to determine the orbital parameters of a planet without multiple high-S/N (>5) detections.
C+ distribution around S 1 in ρ Ophiuchi
Authors: Mookerjea B. , Sandell G. , Vacca W. , Chambers E. , Güsten R. 
Published: April 2018

We analyze a [C II] 158 μm map obtained with the L2 GREAT receiver on SOFIA of the reflection nebula illuminated by the early B star S 1 in the ρ Oph A cloud core. This data set has been complemented with maps of CO(3–2), 13CO(3–2), and C18O(3–2), observed as a part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey, with archival HCO+(4–3) JCMT data, as well as with [O I] 63 and 145 μm imaging with Herschel/PACS. The [C II] emission is completely dominated by the strong emission from the photon dominated region (PDR) in the nebula surrounding S 1 expanding into the dense Oph A molecular cloud west and south of S 1. The [C II] emission is significantly blueshifted relative to the CO spectra and also relative to the systemic velocity, particularly in the northwestern part of the nebula. The [C II] lines are broader toward the center of the S 1 nebula and narrower toward the PDR shell. The [C II] lines are strongly self-absorbed over an extended region in the S 1 PDR. Based on the strength of the [13C II] F = 2–1 hyperfine component, [C II] is significantly optically thick over most of the nebula. CO and 13CO(3–2) spectra are strongly self-absorbed, while C18O(3–2) is single peaked and centered in the middle of the self-absorption. We have used a simple two-layer LTE model to characterize the background and foreground cloud contributing to the [C II] emission. From this analysis we estimated the extinction due to the foreground cloud to be ~9.9 mag, which is slightly less than the reddening estimated toward S 1. Since some of the hot gas in the PDR is not traced by low-J CO emission, this result appears quite plausible. Using a plane parallel PDR model with the observed [O I](145)/[C II] brightness ratio and an estimated FUV intensity of 3100–5000 G0 suggests that the density of the [C II] emitting gas is ~3–4 × 103 cm−3.
Quantitative Evaluation of Various Preparations and Extracts of the Male Contraceptive Justicia gendarussa and Identification of a New Aminobenzyl Derivative
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Mariam , Queiroz Emerson , Marcourt Laurence , Prajogo Bambang , Wolfender Jean-Luc 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Justicia gendarussa is a medicinal plant found in different regions of Indonesia and used in decoctions by Papuan tribes to reduce male fertility. An enriched ethanolic extract of this plant has been used in the frame of clinical trials in Indonesia to evaluate its male contraceptive activity. Previous studies have indicated that the flavonoid gendarusin A may have a role in the male contraception properties of this plant. In addition, the level of aminobenzyl derivatives was lowered as a safety precaution. In order to obtain a comprehensive chemical profile of the methanolic plant extract, it was analysed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and UHPLC-TOF-HRMS. The same method was also applied to profile extracts of the same plant material from different Indonesian regions, a water decoction used traditionally, and the enriched extract used in clinical trials. This allowed for the dereplication of all previously known flavonoids and newly reported amides, and permitted highlighting the presence of the potentially new aminobenzyl derivative. Targeted isolation of this new amide was performed using medium-pressure liquid chromatography. NMR and HRMS allowed for the establishment of the identity of the novel compound. The same procedure was used to obtain pure standards for quantitative studies. Quantitation of the major compounds was performed for different extracts using HPLC-UV. Significant differences were observed between the samples. Although gendarusin A was the main compound in all samples, it occurred in different amounts in the batches of dried material obtained from different Indonesian regions. The enriched extract contained mainly gendarusin A, as did the traditional decoction, but the level of the aminobenzyl derivatives was significantly lower.
Besteht bei Rehabilitanden mit Typ-2-Diabetes ein Zusammenhang zwischen DMP-Einschreibung und Bezug einer Erwerbsminderungsrente?
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Hagen Bernd , Baumert Jens , Ziese Thomas 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Versorgung von Personen mit Diabetes mellitus im erwerbsfähigen Alter können rehabilitative Maßnahmen die Behandlung stärken. In der Richtlinie des Disease-Management-Programms (DMP) für Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) wird diese Behandlungsoption ausdrücklich benannt. Mit Forschungsdaten der Rentenversicherung wird gezeigt, dass bei Rehabilitanden mit T2D und DMP-Einschreibung die Chance auf eine spätere Erwerbsminderungsrente unabhängig von relevanten Kovariablen um 23% niedriger liegt als ohne DMP-Einschreibung.