bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequity in utilization of health care facilities during childbirth: a community-based survey in post-conflict Northern Uganda
Authors: Mukunya David , Tumwine James K. , Ndeezi Grace , Tumuhamye Josephine , Tongun Justin Bruno , Kizito Samuel , Napyo Agnes , Achora Vincentina , Odongkara Beatrice , Arach Agnes Anna , Nankabirwa Victoria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aim
To assess inequity in utilization of health care facilities during childbirth and factors associated with home births in Lira district, Northern Uganda.

Subjects and methods
In 2016, we surveyed 930 mothers with children under the age of 2 years in Lira district, Northern Uganda. We used multiple correspondence analysis to construct the wealth index in quintiles, based on household assets. The concentration index is the measure of socioeconomic inequality used in this article, which we calculated using the Stata DASP package. We also conducted multivariable logistic regression to assess factors associated with home births.

Results
A third of mothers (n = 308) gave birth from home [33%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (26%–41%)]. Giving birth at a health facility was pro-rich with a concentration index of 0.10 [95% CI (0.05–0.14)]. Upon decomposing the concentration index, the most important determinant of inequity was the mother's residence. Factors associated with home births in multivariable logistic regression included rural residence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.1, 95% CI (1.8–5.3)], precipitate labor [AOR 4.18, 95% CI (2.61–6.71)], and labor starting in the evening or at night. Mothers who had previously given birth from home were more likely to give birth at home again [AOR 40.70, 95% CI (18.70–88.61)], whereas mothers who had experienced a complication during a previous birth were less likely to give birth at home [AOR 0.45, 95% CI (0.28–0.95)].

Conclusion
There was inequity in the utilization of health facilities for childbirth. Programs that promote health facility births should prioritize poorer mothers and those in rural areas.
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Male Sexual Function: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Jiangnan , Wu Qian , Zhang Yuhui , Pei Changsong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Obesity is a worldwide public health issue with serious psychological and social impacts. Erectile dysfunction is also a common clinical condition, and obesity is one of its main risk factors.

Objective
The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on male sexual function.

Methods
A systematical research was carried out in Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to March 16, 2019, to identify published articles related to bariatric surgery and male sexual function in men. Two reviewers screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. I2 index was applied to estimate the heterogeneity. All analyses were done using RevMan5.3 and Stata14.

Results
A total of 12 studies involving 420 participants were included. Analysis showed that bariatric surgery significantly reduced body mass index in morbidly obese patients (mean difference [MD] = -13.73; 95% CI -17.23 to -10.22; P &lt; .00001). From 10 studies that reported the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, bariatric surgery led to a significant increase in IIEF-total score (MD = 8.2; 95% CI = 5.52−10.88; P &lt; .00001), and erectile function score (MD = 3.76; 95% CI = 2.34−5.19; P &lt; .00001), sexual desire (MD = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.55−1.32; P &lt; .00001), sexual intercourse satisfaction (MD = 1.73; 95% CI = 0.43−3.03; P &lt; .01), and total satisfaction (MD = 1.28; 95% CI = 0.56−2.00; P = .0005) were also significantly improved. However, bariatric surgery did not affect orgasm function (MD = 0.26; 95% CI = -0.15 to 0.68; P = .21). Three studies that reported the IIEF-5 score also showed a significant improvement of erectile function (MD = 5.45; 95% CI = 3.38−7.52; P &lt; .00001).

Conclusions
Bariatric surgery could improve the erectile function, sexual desire, sexual intercourse satisfaction, and total satisfaction in morbidly obese men. Due to limited data on body mass index and hormone levels, our meta-analysis had some limitations. More clinical studies are needed to further explore the relationship between bariatric surgery and male sexual function.
The Distribution of Keratometry in a Population Based Study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Yekta Abbasali , Shokrollahzadeh Fereshteh , Aghamirsalim Mohammadreza , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Hashemi Alireza , Heydarian Samira , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To determine the distribution of keratometry values in a wide age range of 6-90 years.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, samples were selected from two villages in Iran using multi-stage random cluster sampling. After completing optometry and ophthalmic examinations for all cases, corneal imaging was done using Pentacam, and keratometry values were determined.

Results:
Of the 3851 selected people, 3314 people participated in the study, and after applying the exclusion criteria, analyses were done on data from 2672 people. Mean age of the participants was 36.30 ± 18.51 years (from 6 to 90 years). Mean keratometry (mean-K) in flat and steep meridians was 42.98 (42.9-43.06) diopters (D) and 43.98 (43.91-44.07) D, respectively. Average of mean-K was 43.48 (43.41-43.56) D. Mean-K increased linearly up to the age of 70 years, and the cornea became slightly flat afterwards (coefficient = 0.01; P < 0.001). Mean-K was significantly higher in females (P < 0.001). Myopic cases had the highest mean-K (P < 0.001). The correlation of mean-K with age, gender, central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, pupil diameter, and spherical equivalent was investigated in a multiple regression model. Only older age and female gender showed a statistically significant association with mean-K. Overall, 31.62% (29.14-34.09) of the sample in this study had at least 1.0 D of corneal astigmatism.

Conclusions:
This is one of the few studies worldwide that demonstrates changes in keratometry in a wide age range from childhood to old age. Results indicated that age and gender are variables associated with keratometry.
Assessment of the Jury Systems in Asia: A Comparison of Korea and Japan
Authors: LEE Jae-Hyup , WOO Jisuk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article compares the Korean and Japanese jury systems, evaluating the performance of jury trials as reflected in empirical studies in these countries, and identifying some innovative practices in Korean and Japanese systems that can be adopted by other jurisdictions. This comparative study of Korean and Japanese jury systems will also address common problems and investigate different approaches to those problems. At this juncture, numerous existing empirical studies conducted in both countries provide a good framework for comparison. Although jury trials are firmly entrenched within the Korean and Japanese legal systems, there are several common challenges faced by each country that uses lay juries: avoidance of bias, judicial oversight and intervention for reasoned decision-making, importance of rationality in the jury deliberation process, etc. A careful analysis of the Korean and Japanese experiences will provide useful guidance to not only policymakers in Asia but also criminal justice scholars around the world.
Against the Current: Wilder Penfield, the Frontal Lobes and Psychosurgery
Authors: Leblanc Richard 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:Psychosurgery refers to the surgical interruption of the white matter fibres joining the frontal cortex to the remainder of the cortical mantle and to the thalamus, in an attempt to mitigate the manifestations of psychosis. It reached its heyday following World War Two and was abandoned with the introduction of major tranquilisers such as chlorpromazine. Wilder Penfield, unlike most of his contemporaries, had a jaundiced view of psychosurgery. This paper addresses Penfield’s early experience with experimental, penetrating brain trauma and with the surgical resection of frontal, epileptogenic lesions, which explain his antagonism towards psychosurgery.
Researcher perspectives on embedding community stakeholders in T1–T2 research: A potential new model for full-spectrum translational research
Authors: George Sheba , Vassar Stefanie D. , Norris Keith , Coleman Bernice , Gonzalez Cynthia , Ishimori Mariko , Morris D’Ann , Mtume Norma , Shapiro Martin F. , Lucas-Wright Anna , Brown Arleen F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEffective community engagement in T3–T4 research is widespread, however, similar stakeholder involvement is missing in T1–T2 research. As part of an effort to embed community stakeholders in T1–T2 research, an academic community partnered team conducted discussion groups with researchers to assess perspectives on (1) barriers/challenges to including community stakeholders in basic science, (2) skills/training required for stakeholders and researchers, and (3) potential benefits of these activities. Engaging community in basic science research was perceived as challenging but with exciting potential to incorporate “real-life” community health priorities into basic research, resulting in a new full-spectrum translational research model.
On the unsteady behaviour of cavity flow over a two-dimensional wall-mounted fence
Authors: Barbaca Luka , Pearce Bryce W. , Ganesh Harish , Ceccio Steven L. , Brandner Paul A. 
Published: July 2019

The topology and unsteady behaviour of ventilated and natural cavity flows over a two-dimensional (2-D) wall-mounted fence are investigated for fixed length cavities with varying free-stream velocity using high-speed and still imaging, X-ray densitometry and dynamic surface pressure measurement in two experimental facilities. Cavities in both ventilated and natural flows were found to have a re-entrant jet closure, but not to exhibit large-scale oscillations, yet the irregular small-scale shedding at the cavity closure. Small-scale cavity break-up was associated with a high-frequency broadband peak in the wall pressure spectra, found to be governed by the overlying turbulent boundary layer characteristics, similar to observations from single-phase flow over a forward-facing step. A low-frequency peak reflecting the oscillations in size of the re-entrant jet region, analogous to ‘flapping’ motion in single-phase flow, was found to be modulated by gravity effects (i.e. a Froude number dependence). Likewise, a significant change in cavity behaviour was observed as the flow underwent transition analogous to the transition from sub- to super-critical regime in open-channel flow. Differences in wake topology were examined using shadowgraphy and proper orthogonal decomposition, from which it was found that the size and number of shed structures increased with an increase in free-stream velocity for the ventilated case, while remaining nominally constant in naturally cavitating flow due to condensation of vaporous structures.
Cultivating organizational compassion in healthcare
Authors: Simpson Ace Volkmann , Farr-Wharton Ben , Reddy Prasuna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe compassion of healthcare workers towards patients is widely recognized, but research suggests a dearth of compassion among co-workers. Indeed, workplace bullying and negative employee outcomes are over-represented in the healthcare sector (including burnout and substantial staff turnover). In this paper, we discuss the cultivation of compassion for healthcare workers, using the lens of positive organizational scholarship. Our concern is not only with the individual level compassion (i.e. between employees), we also consider how compassion can be cultivated systemically across healthcare institutions at the organizational level. More specifically, we present a proposed Noticing, Empathising, Assessing and Responding Mechanisms Model of Organizational Compassion as a tool for consciously cultivating workplace compassion in healthcare organizations.
Technical update of barbed pharyngoplasty for retropalatal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Babademez M A , Gul F , Kale H , Sancak M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBarbed pharyngoplasty aims to reduce lateral retropalatal obstruction by pulling up the soft palate anterolaterally. However, barbed pharyngoplasty can be less efficient in some cases of obstructive sleep apnoea, especially in the presence of an elongated uvula with redundant tissues over it. This paper describes an attempt to overcome this drawback by modifying barbed pharyngoplasty, using a single continuous suture technique.MethodsThirty-four patients were assigned to two groups based on the surgical procedure performed. Those with an elongated uvula were treated with modified barbed pharyngoplasty (n = 17); the others were treated with barbed pharyngoplasty (n = 17). Pre- and post-operative quality of life questionnaires, and questionnaires concerning diet, pain and return to activity, were completed. Pre- and post-operative polysomnography was performed as an objective measurement.ResultsThere was no significant difference between barbed pharyngoplasty and modified barbed pharyngoplasty in terms of outcomes. However, reductions in the apnoea/hypopnea index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and snoring visual analogue scale scores were greater in the modified barbed pharyngoplasty group.ConclusionModified barbed pharyngoplasty is a safe and feasible method, and eliminates the need for surgical resection of the redundant soft tissues around the uvula while lifting up the uvula base.
Gender shift in a Norwegian diminutive construction
Authors: Fløgstad Guro Nore , Eiesland Eli Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this article, we discuss theei littaconstruction in Norwegian, a construction that involves the use of feminine morphology combined with non-feminine nouns, and expresses evaluation. Through corpus analyses and an online survey, we investigate the form and function of the construction, synchronically and diachronically. We discuss the emergence of theei littaconstruction in the light of a larger restructuring of the Norwegian gender system, possibly allowing for greater flexibility in the assignment of gender. We also describe theei littaconstruction as an example of gender shift, a previously unattested morphological strategy in Norwegian to express evaluative meaning.
The public health importance of scabies in community domiciliary care settings: an exploratory cross-sectional survey of Health Protection Teams in England
Authors: Phipps Emily , Pietzsch Maaike. E. , Cassell Jackie A. , Humphreys Clare 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Scabies is a contagious skin infection commonly occurring in institutions such as care homes. However, a large proportion of vulnerable people in England receive domiciliary care in the community and their experience of scabies has not been described. We undertook a pragmatic cross-sectional survey of Health Protection Teams (HPTs) in England to determine the burden of scabies related to domiciliary care. Fifteen cases or outbreaks were notified to HPTs between January 2013 and December 2017. Although a relatively uncommon event for individual HPTs, they were complex to manage and required the co-ordination of multiple stakeholders. Diagnosis was often delayed and required several clinical consultations. A lack of guidance led to difficulties establishing stakeholder roles and responsibilities and sources of funding for treatment. The stigmatisation of scabies sometimes affected the quality of care provided to patients, such as use of excessive personal protective equipment. Our study demonstrates that scabies is an issue of public health importance for domiciliary care service providers and users, and research is required to better understand the impacts of the disease and to develop evidence-based guidance. More generally, there is a need for simpler treatment regimens and methods of diagnosing scabies.
Risk factors of exposure toAedes albopictusbites in mainland France using an immunological biomarker
Authors: Poinsignon A. , Boulanger D. , Binetruy F. , Elguero E. , Darriet F. , Gallian P. , De Lamballerie X. , Charrel R. N. , Remoue F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, the invasiveAedes albopictusvector has spread across Europe and is responsible for numerous outbreaks of autochthonous arboviral disease. The aim of this study was to identify epidemiological and sociological risk factors related to individual levels of exposure toAedes albopictusbites. A multidisciplinary survey was conducted with volunteer blood donors living in areas either colonised or not byAedes albopictusin mainland France. Individual levels of exposure were evaluated by measuring the IgG level specific toAedes albopictussaliva. The most striking risk factors concerned the localisation and characteristics of the dwelling. Individuals living in areas colonised prior to 2009 or recently colonised (between 2010 and 2012) had higher anti-salivary gland extract IgG levels compared with those who were living in areas not yet colonised byAe. albopictus. The type of dwelling did not seem to impact the level of exposure toAedesbites. People living in apartments had a higher anti-salivary gland extract IgG level than those living in individual houses but the difference was not statistically significant. Interestingly, the presence of air conditioning or window nets was associated with a noticeable reduction in bite intensity.
Gender Representation and Strategies for Panel Diversity: Lessons from the APSA Annual Meeting
Authors: Goodman Sara Wallace , Pepinsky Thomas B. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGender representation is a pervasive problem in political science. We draw on evidence from the 2017 and 2018 American Political Science Association (APSA) Annual Meeting programs to discuss diversity and representation in large political science disciplinary conferences. APSA program divisions differ substantially in their gender representation: although some are representative of their organized-section membership, others are not, and some sections are particularly likely to feature “manels.” We present representation data by organized section, with discussions of what representation looks like and identifying different types of representation goals. We conclude by offering guidelines for increasing gender representation, for both future submitters and program chairs.
Evaluating Student Performance on Computer-Based versus Handwritten Exams: Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Classroom
Authors: Ceka Besir , O’Geen Andrew J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of course-management software such as Blackboard, Moodle, and Canvas has become ubiquitous at all levels of education in the United States. A potentially useful feature of these products is the ability for instructors to administer assessments including quizzes and tests that are flexible, easy to customize, and quick and efficient to grade. Although computer-based assessments offer clear advantages, instructors might be concerned about their effect on student performance. This article evaluates whether student performance differs between handwritten and computer-based exams through a randomized field experiment conducted in a research methods course. Overall, our findings suggest a significant improvement in student performance on computer-based exams that is driven primarily by the relative ease of producing thorough responses on the computer versus by hand.
Comic-Con: Can Comics of the Constitution Enable Meaningful Learning in Political Science?
Authors: Owens Katharine A. , Eno Victor , Abrams Jocelyn , Bedney Danielle 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis article explores the value and application of using comic images to teach difficult political texts. We presented either visual or textual portions of the Constitution to 71 American 18- to 22-year-olds using Survey Monkey Audience, measuring and comparing their knowledge of the Constitution before and after viewing. Respondents viewing the comic of congressional duties experienced statistically significant gains in pretest to posttest mean knowledge scores. Respondents viewing the text also experienced an increase in mean scores pretest to posttest; however, these changes were smaller and not statistically significant. This indicates that students may better comprehend content from visual depictions of difficult texts. We conclude by providing an example of one way that we use comics of political texts as a tool for student learning in an international civics exchange program.
Maternal diet during lactation and breast-feeding practices have synergistic association with child diet at 6 years
Authors: Beckerman Jacob P , Slade Emily , Ventura Alison K 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Children breast-fed during infancy consume more fruits and vegetables than formula-fed children. This pattern is likely due, in part, to infant learning from flavours of the mother’s diet transmitted through breast milk, but more research is needed to understand associations between early flavour exposures and later dietary patterns. We examined whether breast-feeding and maternal fruit and vegetable consumption during nursing were synergistically associated with higher child fruit and vegetable consumption.Design:Prospective cohort study of breast-feeding duration, maternal diet postpartum and child diet. Complete breast-feeding and maternal diet data were available for 1396 mother–child dyads; multiple imputation was used for missing data in other variables. In separate multivariable logistic regression models, we estimated the adjusted odds of high child fruit or vegetable consumption at 12 months or 6 years as a function of breast-feeding duration, maternal fruit or vegetable consumption during nursing, and their interaction.Setting:The Infant Feeding Practices Study II and Year 6 Follow-Up.Participants:Mother–child dyads followed from birth to 6 years during 2005–2012 in the USA.Results:Longer breast-feeding duration was associated with high child fruit and vegetable consumption at 12 months. At 6 years, the interaction between breast-feeding duration and maternal vegetable consumption was associated with high child vegetable consumption.Conclusions:Higher maternal vegetable consumption and longer breast-feeding duration were synergistically associated with high child vegetable consumption at 6 years, independent of sociodemographic characteristics and fruit and vegetable availability. Exposures to vegetable flavours through breast milk may promote later child vegetable consumption.
Genetic diversity assessment of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions using single nucleotide polymorphism markers
Authors: Afolayan G. , Deshpande S. P. , Aladele S. E. , Kolawole A. O. , Angarawai I. , Nwosu D. J. , Michael C. , Blay E. T. , Danquah E. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important resource to the national economy and it is essential to assess the genetic diversity in existing sorghum germplasm for better conservation, utilization and crop improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among sorghum germplasms collected from diverse institutes in Nigeria and Mali using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic markers. Genetic diversity among the germplasm was low with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.24. Analysis of Molecular Variation revealed 6% variation among germplasm and 94% within germplasms. Dendrogram revealed three groups of clustering which indicate variations within the germplasms. Private alleles identified in the sorghum accessions from National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Ibadan, Nigeria and International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Kano, Nigeria shows their prospect for sorghum improvement and discovery of new agronomic traits. The presence of private alleles and genetic variation within the germplasms indicates that the accessions are valuable resources for future breeding programs.