bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison Between Electrochemical Noise and Electrochemical Frequency Modulation Measurements during Pitting Corrosion
Authors: Rauf A. , Mahdi E. 
Published: August 2018

The electrochemical noise (EN) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques have been compared for their use to detect pitting corrosion. To do this, experiments on different corroding systems showing passivation and pitting corrosion were carried out. These corroding systems were: (1) Aluminum in borate buffer solution with and without chlorides (pitting corrosion + passivation behavior), (2) AISI 304SS in 0.3 wt.% FeCl3 solution and 6 wt.% FeCl3 solution at room temperature (passivation behavior + pitting and/or crevice corrosion), and (3) AISI 304SS in 6 wt.% FeCl3 at elevated temperature of 57 °C (pitting corrosion). Both EN and EFM were measured on-line meanwhile changing the corrosive environment by adding chlorides or by increasing the temperature.
A potential perturbation composed of two sine waves is applied with the help of EFM to get current response at various frequencies. As the corrosion process is nonlinear in nature, the ac-response contains components at harmonic and intermodulation frequencies. Analysis of current components at different frequencies yields the information about the corrosion behavior under investigation. EFM may be considered to detect pitting initiation and its further development due to the results obtained by measuring the so-called "causality factors", which are the ratio of the current components in the ac-response.
Strong pronouns in modern spoken French: Cliticization, constructionalization, grammaticalization?
Authors: Detges Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, I show that in spoken French 1smoi, unlike 3slui, has undergone both semantic bleaching and heavy prosodic erosion and has therefore progressed along Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization. As will be argued, this person-asymmetry is rooted in the fact thatmoi, unlikelui, is largely used as a discourse-structuring device. Based on a phonetic analysis, I show that the main factor underlying the prosodic weakening of left-detachedmoiis string frequency, i.e., the degree of predictability of the element immediately followingmoi. The erosion ofmoiin spoken French is particularly strong when it is followed by the clitic 1sje; it is even stronger in those cases wheremoiintroduces a stance-verb expression of the typemoi je trouve que… ‘I think that …’. However, despite the massive effects produced by string frequency, the prosodic, distributional and discourse-pragmatic data presented here do not support the view that the prosodically weakened variants ofmoiinstantiate a construction that is distinct from non-cliticmoi.
Laboratory Investigations and Field Implementation of Pervious Concrete Paving Mixtures
Authors: Chandrappa Anush K. , Maurya Rishabh , Biligiri Krishna Prapoorna , Rao J. Srinivasa , Nath Sanjib 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Pervious concrete (PC) is a sustainable concrete material that is being used as a strategy for reducing stormwater-related runoff and recharging ground water. As part of a smart cities initiative of the Government of India, pervious concrete pavement (PCP) mixtures were studied in the laboratory for different properties and implemented in the field to function as parking lots and walkways. A labor-based methodology was used in the construction of eighteen PC slabs encompassing six different mixtures. The construction practices followed were rational and demonstrated to the field engineers how to carry the technology further. The field-produced mixtures had higher porosity and lower density compared to laboratory mixtures. The infiltration capacities (IC) of field PC slabs were similar to those determined in the laboratory. The single-sized graded mixtures depicted lower IC compared to the mixtures with graded aggregates, which was attributed to thicker cement paste coating in single-sized aggregates, while the mixtures with lower cement-to-aggregate ratio depicted higher IC. The coring procedure resulted in a loss of aggregates that may have provided erroneous values of the in-situ properties, and hence, a methodology is deemed essential to investigate the in-situ characteristics using nondestructive techniques. In the future, the differences in the porosity between field and laboratory mixtures should be accounted for in order to avoid an overestimation of the PC properties and to achieve rational designs of PCP as most of the properties are dependent upon porosity.
Chipaque: un análisis sobre las condiciones de acceso a los espacios educativos en clave de lectura y escritura
Authors: Guevara Aladino Tomás 
Published: August 2018

El interés principal de la investigación de la que es fruto este artículo son las prácticas no académicas de lectura y escritura. Se parte del supuesto de que estas prácticas sólo pueden entenderse a la luz del contexto material y simbólico en el que se producen y este artículo es, precisamente, una profundización sobre las condiciones de acceso de la población a los espacios educativos en el municipio de Chipaque (Colombia), donde han tenido lugar estas prácticas no académicas de lectura y escritura. Este artículo propone una estructura narrativa que da cuenta, al hilo de la experiencia del investigador en campo, de la configuración de un problema de investigación pertinente en el contexto específico en el que se ubica. Esta narración pretende enfatizar en las condiciones materiales del municipio y sus espacios educativos, al tiempo que resalta la condición determinada de la investigación social a partir de las mismas condiciones.La metodología de la investigación articulóla observación participante en los espacios educativos, entrevistas semiestructuradas con quienes administran estos espacios y la revisión de documentos institucionales que iluminaron el papel de los espacios educativos en el municipio.Se verá que las condiciones de acceso a los espacios educativos y las prácticas de lectura y escritura que allí se desarrollan están sobre-determinadas por las dinámicas sociales del municipio y por las relaciones entre los ministerios encargados de los espacios educativos.
Rin Rin y Chanchito. La dimensión de sus imágenes. Dos revistas infantiles de ideologías antagónicas publicadas durante la década de los treinta en Colombia
Authors: Peters Rada Victoria Eugenia , Trujillo Acosta Milena 
Published: August 2018

Chanchito (1933-1934) y Rin Rin (1935-1939), revistas infantiles de Colombia, difundían el amor por la patria en los corazones de los niños y compartieron el espíritu educativo renovado de las pedagogías de la Escuela Nueva. Aunque no hubo una gran diferencia temporal entre las publicaciones, Chanchito y Rin Rin como dispositivos políticos difundían en sus páginas modelos de ciudadanía disímiles. Chanchito, revista privada para la infancia urbana dirigida por Víctor Caro, creía que la familia vinculada a la iglesia eran las instituciones educativas para formar al futuro ciudadano con valores tradicionales, devotos y obedientes. Rin Rin, como material escolar para las escuelas públicas del Ministerio de Educación, tenía el objetivo de construir un tipo de ciudadano moderno para la democracia mediante una educación mediada por la escuela acorde a los principios políticos del Estado de Alfonso López Pumarejo 1934-1938 y la “Revolución en Marcha”. A través de las imágenes se visibilizaron diferencias sobre el modelo de niño y ciudadano entre las publicaciones. En Chanchito los niños están blanqueados y sus vestimentas recuerdan a los trajes tradicionales europeos; la niña, y futura madre se muestra abnegada. En Rin Rin hay un catálogo multiétnico local, a veces las vestimentas remiten a la realidad regional, a veces a las nuevas modas modernas europeas; las niñas y mujeres son seres libres y letradas. La batalla por configurar el modelo de ciudadano desde ángulos antagónicos fue motivo de enardecidas beligerancias en Colombia durante la década de los treinta.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LA PESCA DEL TIBURÓN MARTILLO <i>SPHYRNA LEWINI </i>, EN LA PARTE EXTERNA DEL GOLFO DE NICOYA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Zanella Ilena , López Andrés , Arauz Rándall 
Published: August 2018

En el ámbito nivel mundial, el tiburón martillo (Sphyrna lewini) es una de las especies más afectadas por la sobrepesca y el aleteo. Recientemente se incorporó a la Lista Roja de la UICN como especie en peligro de extinción. El presente estudio pretendió caracterizar la pesca y la distribución de S. lewini en la parte externa del Golfo de Nicoya. Para lograr este propósito, se realizaron muestreos entre marzo del 2006 y mayo del 2007 y se analizaron los tiburones martillo capturados por pescadores artesanales afiliados a la Cooperativa artesanales de Pescadores de Tárcoles (CoopeTárcoles R. L.), que faenan en la parte externa del Golfo de Nicoya. Para cada tiburón, se determinó la longitud total, la zona de pesca donde se capturó y el arte utilizado. En total se analizaron 273 tiburones. Se identificó un área de crianza primaria en el Peñón y se determinó que existe una relación lineal positiva entre la longitud total y la profundidad de la zona de pesca (R2 = 0.4296; p ‹ 0.0001), y la longitud total y la distancia de la zona de pesca de la desembocadura del río Grande de Tárcoles (R2 = 0.4052; p ‹ 0.0001). Los tiburones de menor tamaño (crías) se encontraron en la zona del Peñón, donde las aguas son poco profundas, turbias y productivas, ofreciendo a las crías alimento y protección de los depredadores. Por lo cual, se recomienda proteger esta zona, en particular en marzo, abril y mayo, época de nacimiento de las crías.The scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) is one of the shark species most impacted by overfishing, and is currently listed by the IUCN Red List as an Endangered. This research sought to characterize the distribution of S. lewini in the external area of Gulf of Nicoya, central Pacific coast of Costa Rica, based on observations from a coastal artisanal fishery. From March 2006 to May 2007, we analyzed scalloped hammerhead shark landings by members of the Tarcoles Artisanal Fishermen's Cooperative (CoopeTárcoles R. L.), who operate in the outer part of the Gulf of Nicoya. We measured the total length of each shark, recorded the reported location of capture, and the gear used. In total, we recorded data for 273 sharks landed. We determined that total length holds a positive linear relationship with the depth of the fishing area (R2 = 0.4296, *** p <.0001) as well as with the distance from the mouth of the Tárcoles River (R2 = 0.4052, *** p <.0001). The smaller sharks (pups) were caught in a fishing site known as Peñon, slightly north of the mouth of the Tarcoles River, where the waters are shallow, turbid and highly productive, providing food and shelter for the pups. As pups mature and attain larger sizes, they move towards deeper waters away from the Tarcoles River, out of the Gulf of Nicoya. We identify Peñon as a primary nursery for scalloped hammerhead sharks, and recommend management actions that seek to reduce fishing effort between March and May, when pups are born.
Integrating LFG’s binding theory with PCDRT
Authors: Dalrymple Mary , Haug Dag , Lowe John 
Published: August 2018

We provide a formal model for the interaction of syntax and pragmatics in the interpretation of anaphoric binding constraints on personal and reflexive pronouns. We assume a dynamic semantics, where e-type expressions introduce discourse referents, and contexts are assignments of individuals to discourse referents. We adopt the Partial Compositional Discourse Representation Theory (PCDRT) of Haug(2014b),which models anaphoric resolution in terms of a pragmatically-established relation between discourse referents. We integrate PCDRT into the constraint-based grammatical framework of Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), and show how it is possible to state syntactic constraints on the pragmatic resolution of singular and plural anaphora within this framework.
Educational Disabilities Among Children Born With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Fill Mary-Margaret A. , Miller Angela M. , Wilkinson Rachel H. , Warren Michael D. , Dunn John R. , Schaffner William , Jones Timothy F. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal drug withdrawal syndrome that can occur after intrauterine opioid exposure. Adverse neurobehavioral outcomes have been documented in infants with NAS; however, educational outcomes have not been thoroughly examined. We analyzed Tennessee data to understand the need for special educational services among infants who are born with NAS.

METHODS:
By using Tennessee Medicaid and birth certificate data, infants who were born in Tennessee between 2008 and 2011 with a history of NAS were matched (1:3) to infants who were born during the same period without a history of NAS. Groups were matched on the basis of sex, race and/or ethnicity, age, birth region of residence, and Medicaid enrollment status. Data were linked to Tennessee Department of Education special education data during early childhood (3–8 years of age). Conditional multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between NAS and selected special education outcomes.

RESULTS:
A total of 1815 children with a history of NAS and 5441 children without NAS were assessed. Children with NAS were significantly more likely to be referred for a disability evaluation (351 of 1815 [19.3%] vs 745 of 5441 [13.7%]; P &lt; .0001), to meet criteria for a disability (284 of 1815 [15.6%] vs 634 of 5441 [11.7%]; P &lt; .0001), and to require classroom therapies or services (278 of 1815 [15.3%] vs 620 of 5441 [11.4%]; P &lt; .0001). These findings were sustained in a multivariable analysis, with multiple models controlling for maternal tobacco use, maternal education status, birth weight, gestational age, and/or NICU admission.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results of this novel analysis linking health and education data revealed that children with a history of NAS were significantly more likely to have a subsequent educational disability.
SCREENING SALT-TOLERANT PLANTS FOR PHYTOREMEDIATION: EFFECT OF SALINITY ON GROWTH AND MINERAL NUTRIENT COMPOSITION
Authors: Diem Trang Ngo Thuy 
Published: August 2018

Scirpus littoralis Schrab and Typha orientalis C. Presl are cultivated in the paddy field and in the shrimp pond in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam for human food and providing habitat for shrimp, respectively. They are recognized as phytoremediator in brackish shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment system. However, information on effects of NaCl on plant growth and mineral concentrations of the two species is limited. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify salt-tolerance between the two species. Six NaCl salinity concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ‰) and two plant species were arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The plants were supplied full strength Hoagland’s solution as growth condition with an increment of NaCl 5 ‰ weekly for 6 weeks. T. orientalis had 65 % mortality at the high NaCl level of 20-30 ‰ while 100 % S. littoralis plant survived with only young shoots remained green. Fresh weight of T. orientalis at the 0 ‰ was 30.6 g FW/plant higher than those at the 20-30 ‰ (8.3-6.4 g FW/plant, respectively) leading to the same pattern in dry weight. The amount of Na+ accumulated in the shoots of T. orientalis at 30 ‰ (27.4 mg/g) higher than those at 0-5 ‰ (2.76-10.1 mg Na+/g). S. littoralis had a lower Na+ content in the shoots (20.1 mg Na+/g) than that of T. orientalis at 30 ‰. The Cl- concentration in the shoots of T. orientalis at 0 ‰ (19.7 mg Cl-/g) was significantly lower than that at 30 ‰ (83.3 mg Cl-/g) and was ~1.3 times higher than that of S. littoralis at 15-30 ‰. Between two studied plants, T. orientalis accumulated a higher Na+ and Cl- concentration in the roots and shoots especially at the high levels of NaCl of 15-30 ‰. That indicated S. littoralis are able to withstand salt stress and can be considered the best bio-filter candidate in the integration of constructed wetlands and marine shrimp culture towards sustainable aquaculture in the Mekong delta, Viet Nam.
HETEROGENEOUS ELECTRO FENTON PROCESS FOR TEXTILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT: APPLICATION OF Fe3O4-Mn3O4 AS A CATALYST
Authors: Phong Nguyen The 
Published: August 2018

To produce quality textile products, many stable synthetic dyes are invented. However, textile wastewater discharged into the environment contains a large amount of dyes which are bio-recalcitrants and stable to heat and solar radiation. These toxic contaminants impact negatively the environment for a long time and poison plants, animals, and human. In this study, Heterogeneous Electro Fenton process with Fe3O4-Mn3O4 as a catalyst was used for textile wastewater treatment. Graphite electrodes were chosen for their stability and good conductivity. Three operating factors greatly affected the removal efficiency are current density, pH and catalyst dosage. Response surface methodology was applied to find empirical mathematical models for these factors, then find an accordant operating condition for treatment which provides high removal efficiency and low operating cost. Investigated ranges scaled in previous studies were: current density (10 – 20 mA/cm2), pH (3 – 5), and catalyst dosage (0.5 – 1.5 g/l). At current density of 17.03 mA/cm2, pH of 3.77, catalyst dosage of 1.17 g/l, the treatment reached its optimum condition, COD and Color removal efficiencies were 93.3 % and 99.2 %, respectively, where COD and Color values in the effluent are 56 mg/l and 16 Pt-Co.
Correlations of Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Modulus of Elasticity with Point Load Strength Index, Pulse Velocity and Dry Density of Limestone and Sandstone Rocks in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Authors: Daoud Hyam , Rashed Kamal , Alshkane Younis 
Published: August 2018

The Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rocks is important parameter in design of geotechnical engineering. If the rocks are affected by weathering agents, there will be difficult to obtain intact samples and to determine UCS in laboratory.Hence, the use of another engineering index of rocks as an alternative for determining UCShave been studied and investigated by researchers. The Pulse Velocity and Point Load tests are used as a quick, easy and non-expensive means of obtaining rock strength indexes. This paper presents an experimental study for correlating between Uiaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) and Point Load Index (PLI), Pulse Velocity (Vp), Dry Density andModulus of Elasticity (E) of limestones and sandstone rock samples. 80 specimens of limestones were obtained from Pila Spi and Lower Fars Formations and 46 specimens of sandstone were obtained from Tanjero ormation. Based on the results, for the first time in this region, a new good correlation is introduced to estimate the UCS and Efrom Pulse Velocity, Point Load Index and Dry Density.
Caracterización epidemiológica y clínica de la cirrosis hepatica en un centro regional del caribe colombiano: clínica general del norte. Enero 2012 a marzo 2017
Authors: Escorcia Charris Edgardo Jose , Marrugo Balceiro Wilson Rafael 
Published: August 2018

La cirrosis hepática es una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia y mortalidad en la población mundial; cuyas etiologías más importantes son de tipo alcohólica, virus de la hepatitis B y C, y esteatosis hepática no alcohólica; la caracterización epidemiológica y clínica, es fundamental para conocer la casuística actual del problema. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo trasversal retrospectivo, con el objetivo de caracterizar epidemiológicamente y clínicamente a los pacientes con diagnóstico de cirrosis hepática en un centro regional del Caribe Colombiano, que reciben atención en la Unidad de Gastroenterología y hepatología de la Clínica General del Norte, durante el periodo enero de 2012 a marzo de 2017. Se concluye que la etiología por virus de hepatitis C es la de mayor prevalencia en el medio local, le siguen en frecuencia el hígado graso no alcohólico, la hepatitis autoinmune, la cirrosis biliar primaria, el alcohol, viral hepatitis B y otras etiologías.
The Description of Diphtheria Immunization History to Diphtheria Patients in Surabaya at 2017
Authors: Fitriansyah Ayu 
Published: August 2018

Background: Diphteria can be prevented by immunization of DPT-HB-Hib (Diphteria, Hepatitis B, dan Haemophillus Influenze B) to infants and DPT-HB-Hib Booster, DT (Diphteria Tetanus) and Td (Tetanus Diphteria) afterwards. In 2017, diphteria case rate in Surabaya was high, 29 cases, due to the lack of 7 dosages of diphteria immunization. Purpose: This study aimed to depict the completion history of diphteria immunization based on the completness of immunization status which suits to age groups of diphteria patients in Surabaya in 2017. Methods: This study was quantitave descriptive with study cross research design. The objects of this study were diphteria patients in Surabaya in 2017 (29 individuals). Data was collected by quisionaire and immunization record from KIA/KMS books which belongs to Government effort to control Citizen Health Development. The variables of this study was diphteria patients characteristics (age and gender) and the history diphteria immunization. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis with frequency table. Results: This study obtained that mostly the diphteria patients in Surabaya in 2017 suffered this disease in 18 until 84 months old (58.62%) and mostly happened to male (82.76%). All patients aged 18 months old received complete diphteria immunization (3.45%), but all patient aged more than ≥ 18 months old did not received complete diphteria immunization (96.55%). Mostly the patients did not receive re-immunization afterwards, i.e DPT-HB-Hib Booster, DT, and Td. Conclusion: The completion 7 dosages of diphteria immunization is important to diphteria cases, especially to diphteria re-immunization afterwards.
Evaluation and Management of Lateral Ankle Pain Following Injury
Authors: Lau Brian C. , Moore Laura K. , Thuillier Daniel U. 
Published: August 2018

* Ankle sprains are the most common disorder in patients with lateral ankle pain; however, other pathologies can present similarly and can require different treatments.* In the acute setting, it is important to evaluate for subtle fractures that may mimic an ankle sprain, including fractures of the lateral process of the talus, anterior process of the calcaneus, or base of the fifth metatarsal. In addition, ankle sprains may also involve further injury to the syndesmosis (high ankle sprains), articular cartilage (osteochondral lesions), or peroneal tendons.* Proper diagnosis through physical examination and appropriate imaging can help to ensure proper treatment.* It is important to consider that multiple causes of lateral ankle pain can coexist, particularly in cases of chronic lateral ankle pain.