bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the threshold matter? The impact of the monitoring activity on non-performing loans
Authors: Piatti Domenico , Cincinelli Peter 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the quality of the credit process is sensitive to reaching a particular threshold level of non-performing loans (NPLs) and, more importantly, whether higher NPLs ratios could make the monitoring activity ineffective.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical design is composed of two steps: in the first step, the authors introduce a monitoring performance indicator (MPI) of the credit process by combining the non-parametric technique Data Envelopment Analysis with some financial ratios adopted as input and output variables. As second step, the authors apply a threshold panel regression model to a sample of 298 Italian banks, over the time period 2006–2014, and the authors investigate whether the quality of the credit process is sensitive to reaching a particular threshold level of NPLs.FindingsThis paper finds that, first, when the NPLs ratio remains below the threshold value estimated endogenously, an increase in the quality of monitoring has a positive impact on the NPLs ratio. Second, if the NPLs ratio exceeds the estimated threshold, the relationship between the NPLs ratio and quality of monitoring assumes a positive value and is statistically significant.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the lack of data, the investigation of NPLs in the Italian industry across loan types combined with the monitoring effort by banks management was not possible. The authors plan to investigate this topic in future studies.Practical implicationsThe identification of the threshold has a double operational valence. The first regards the Supervisory Authority, the threshold approach could be used as an early warning in order to introduce active control strategies based on the additional information requested or by on-site inspections. The second implication is highlighted in relation to the individual banks, the monitoring of credit control quality, if objective and comparable, could facilitate the emergence of best practices among banks.Social implicationsA high NPLs ratio requires greater loan provisions, which reduces capital resources available for lending, and dents bank profitability. Moreover, structural weaknesses on banks’ balance sheets still persist particularly in relation to the inadequate internal governance structures. This means that bank management must able to recognise in advance early warning signals by providing prudent measurement together with an in-depth valuation of loans portfolio.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is twofold: the authors introduce a new proxy of credit monitoring, called MPI; the authors provide an empirical proof of the Diamond’s (1991) economic intuition: for riskier borrowers, the monitoring activity is an inappropriate instrument depending on the bad reputational quality of borrowers.
Financial crisis solutions in the commercial paper market
Authors: Fairbanks Joshua , Griffiths Mark , Winters Drew 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine programs designed to support the commercial paper market during the financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyzes the participants in the two programs to determine why domestic financial institutions chose one program over the other.

Findings
Domestic financial institutions chose the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program over the Commercial Paper Funding Facility (CPFF) while foreign financial institutions chose the CPFF.

Practical implications
The analysis is intended to support future policy debate on how to address a liquidity crisis in the money markets.

Originality/value
The authors are the first paper to examine the participants in these two programs. The value is the policy implications of this study.
Expected range of the output response for the optimum input parameters utilizing the modified Taguchi approach
Authors: K. Rajyalakshmi , Boggarapu Nageswara Rao 
Published: December 2018

PurposeScatter in the outcome of repeated experiments is unavoidable due to measurement errors in addition to the non-linear nature of the output responses with unknown influential input parameters. It is a standard practice to select an orthogonal array in the Taguchi approach for tracing optimum input parameters by conducting a few number of experiments and confirm them through additional experimentation (if necessary). The purpose of this paper is to present a simple methodology and its validation with existing test results in finding the expected range of the output response by suggesting modifications in the Taguchi method.Design/methodology/approachThe modified Taguchi approach is proposed to find the optimum process parameters and the expected range of the output response.FindingsThis paper presents a simple methodology and its validation with existing test results in finding the expected range of the output response by suggesting modifications in the Taguchi method.Research limitations/implicationsAdequacy of this methodology should be examined by considering the test data on different materials and structures.Originality/valueThe introduction of Chauvenet’s criterion and opposing the signal-to-noise ratio transformation on repeated experiments of each test run will provide fruitful results and less computation burden.
Processing windows for Ti-6Al-4V fabricated by selective electron beam melting with improved beam focus and different scan line spacings
Authors: Pobel Christoph R. , Osmanlic Fuad , Lodes Matthias A. , Wachter Sebastian , Körner Carolin 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Selective electron beam melting (SEBM) is a highly versatile powder bed fusion additive manufacturing method. SEBM is characterized by high energy densities which can be applied with nearly inertia free beam deflection at high speeds (<8.000 m/s). This paper aims to determine processing maps for Ti-6Al-4V on an Arcam Q10 machine with LaB6 cathode design.

Design/methodology/approach
Scan line spacings of 100, 50 and 20 µm in a broad parameter range, focusing on high deflection and build speeds are investigated.

Findings
There are broad processing windows for dense parts without surface flaws for all scan line spacings which are defined by the total energy input and the area melting velocity.

Originality/value
The differences and limitations are discussed taking into account the beam properties at high beam energy and velocity as well as evaporation related loss of alloying components.
Information sharing in supply chains: a review of risks and opportunities using the systematic literature network analysis (SLNA)
Authors: Colicchia Claudia , Creazza Alessandro , Noè Carlo , Strozzi Fernanda 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss the most important research areas on information sharing in supply chains and related risks, taking into account their evolution over time. This paper sheds light on what is happening today and what the trajectories for the future are, with particular respect to the implications for supply chain management.Design/methodology/approachThe dynamic literature review method called Systematic Literature Network Analysis (SLNA) was adopted. It combines the Systematic Literature Review approach and bibliographic network analyses, and it relies on objective measures and algorithms to perform quantitative literature-based detection of emerging topics.FindingsThe focus of the literature seems to be on threats that are internal to the extended supply chain rather than on external attacks, such as viruses, traditionally related to information technology (IT). The main arising risk appears to be the intentional or non-intentional leakage of information. Also, papers analyze the implications for information sharing coming from “soft” factors such as trust and collaboration among supply chain partners. Opportunities are also highlighted and include how information sharing can be leveraged to confront disruptions and increase resilience.Research limitations/implicationsThe adopted methodology allows for providing an original perspective on the investigated topic, that is, how information sharing in supply chains and related risks are evolving over time because of the turbulent advances in technology.Practical implicationsEmergent and highly critical risks related to information sharing are highlighted to support the design of supply chain risks strategies. Also, critical areas to the development of “beyond-the-dyad” initiatives to manage information sharing risks emerge. Opportunities coming from information sharing that are less known and exploited by companies are provided.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the supply chain perspective rather than the traditional IT-based view of information sharing. According to this perspective, this paper provides a dynamic representation of the literature on the investigated topic. This is an important contribution to the topic of information sharing in supply chains is continuously evolving and shaping new supply chain models.
A multilevel model of organizational learning
Authors: Chou Shih Yung , Ramser Charles 
Published: December 2018

PurposeOrganizational learning has long been recognized as an important determinant of organizational performance and sustainability. Existing research, however, has commonly viewed organizational learning as a single-level, top-down and organized organizational event initiated by the leader. This particular perspective may fall short of explaining the effect of employee spontaneous workplace behaviors on organizational learning. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a multilevel theoretical model exploring how an employee’s upward helping and voice behavior foster organizational learning through developing leadership capital.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual analysis was conducted by incorporating relevant research.FindingsThis paper proposes the following. First, an employee’s upward helping increases a leader’s human capital and social capital. Second, the leader’s human capital and social capital enhance the employee’s psychological empowerment and knowledge leadership. Third, the employee’s psychological empowerment leads to employee voice behavior. Fourth, employee voice behavior strengthens knowledge leadership. Finally, knowledge leadership promotes organizational learning.Originality/valueThis paper provides a theoretical framework for future research attempting to understand organizational learning from a multilevel, bottom-up perspective. Practically, this paper offers several implications that help promote organizational learning through encouraging employee upward helping and voice behavior.
Hydromorphine postconditioning protects isolated rat heart against ischemia‐reperfusion injury via activating P13K/Akt/eNOS signaling
Authors: Liu Qing , Li Zhengfen , Liu Yuexin , Xiao Qiuxia , Peng Xuan , Chen Qi , Deng Rui , Gao Zhiwei , Yu Fengxu , Zhang Ying 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIntroductionMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (myocardial I/R injury) has a high disability rate and mortality. Novel treatments for myocardial I/R injury are necessary.AimIn order to explore the protective effect of hydromorphine on myocardial I/R injury, we illuminate the underlying mechanism of the protective effect.ResultsHydromorphine significantly reduced myocardial infarct size (IFN/AAR), CKMB (Creatine Kinase MB) and TN‐T (Troponin T) release, and improved cardiac function compared with I/R group. However, these advantageous effects were partly suppressed in the presence of hydromorphine. Myocardial I/R injury significantly decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, and down‐regulated total nitric oxide and nitrotyrosine content, while these inhibitory effects were partly abolished by hydromorphine. Conversely, the activated effects of hydromorphine on the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, and NO release were totally reversed by LY294002, which, used individually, show the same influence on reperfusion injury.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that hydromorphine postconditioning may protect isolated rat heart against reperfusion injury via activating P13K/Akt/eNOS signaling.
Increasing potency and price of cannabis in Europe, 2006–16
Authors: Freeman Tom P. , Groshkova Teodora , Cunningham Andrew , Sedefov Roumen , Griffiths Paul , Lynskey Michael T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsTo quantify changes in (i) potency (concentration of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol; %THC), (ii) price (euros/g of cannabis) and (iii) value (mg THC/euro) of cannabis resin and herbal cannabis in Europe.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional study.Setting and participantsData collected from 28 European Union (EU) member states, Norway and Turkey by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.MeasurementsOutcome variables were potency, price and value for cannabis resin and herbal cannabis in Europe, 2006–16. Inflation was estimated using the Harmonised Indices of Consumer Prices. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to estimate linear and quadratic time trends, with a random intercept and slope fitted to account for variation across countries.FindingsResin potency increased from a mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 8.14% THC (6.89, 9.49) in 2006 to 17.22 (15.23, 19.25) in 2016. Resin price increased from 8.21 euros/g (7.54, 8.97) to 12.27 (10.62, 14.16). Resin increased in value, from 11.00 mg THC per euro (8.60, 13.62) to 16.39 (13.68, 19.05). Quadratic time trends for resin potency and value indicated minimal change from 2006 to 2011, followed by marked increases from 2011 to 2016. Herbal cannabis potency increased from 5.00% THC (3.91, 6.23) to 10.22 (9.01, 11.47). Herbal price increased from 7.36 euros/g (6.22, 8.53) to 12.22 (10.59, 14.03). The value of herbal cannabis did not change from 12.65 mg of THC per euro (10.18, 15.34) to 12.72 (10.73, 14.73). All price trends persisted after adjusting for inflation.ConclusionsEuropean cannabis resin and herbal cannabis increased in potency and price from 2006 to 2016. Cannabis resin (but not herbal cannabis) increased in the quantity of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol per euro spent. Marked increases in resin potency and value from 2011 to 2016 are consistent with the emergence of new resin production techniques in European and neighbouring drug markets.
Proteasuria—The impact of active urinary proteases on sodium retention in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Artunc Ferruh , Wörn Matthias , Schork Anja , Bohnert Bernhard N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSodium retention and extracellular volume expansion are typical features of patients with nephrotic syndrome. In recent years, from in vitro data, endoluminal activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) by aberrantly filtered serine proteases has been proposed as an underlying mechanism. Recently, this concept was supported in vivo in nephrotic mice that were protected from proteolytic ENaC activation and sodium retention by the use of aprotinin for the pharmacological inhibition of urinary serine protease activity. These and other findings from studies in both rodents and humans highlight the impact of active proteases in the urine, or proteasuria, on ENaC‐mediated sodium retention and edema formation in nephrotic syndrome. Targeting proteasuria could become a therapeutic approach to treat patients with nephrotic syndrome. However, pathophysiologically relevant proteases remain to be identified. In this review, we introduce the concept of proteasuria to explain tubular sodium avidity and conclude that proteasuria can be considered as a key mechanism of sodium retention in patients with nephrotic syndrome.
Systematic external evaluation of published population pharmacokinetic models of mycophenolate mofetil in adult kidney transplant recipients co‐administered with tacrolimus
Authors: Zhang Huan‐Xi , Sheng Chang‐Cheng , Liu Long‐Shan , Luo Bi , Fu Qian , Zhao Qun , Li Jun , Liu Yan‐Feng , Deng Rong‐Hai , Jiao Zheng , Wang Chang‐Xi 
Published: December 2018

AimsVarious mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models have been developed to describe its PK characteristics and facilitate its optimal dosing in adult kidney transplant recipients co‐administered with tacrolimus. However, the external predictive performance has been unclear. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the external predictability of published MMF popPK models in such populations and investigate the potential influencing factors.MethodsThe external predictability of qualified popPK models was evaluated using an independent dataset. The evaluation included prediction‐ and simulation‐based diagnostics, and Bayesian forecasting. In addition, factors influencing model predictability, especially the impact of structural models, were investigated.ResultsFifty full PK profiles from 45 patients were included in the evaluation dataset and 11 published popPK models were identified and evaluated. In prediction‐based diagnostics, the prediction error within ±30% was less than 50% in most published models. The prediction‐ and variability‐corrected visual predictive check and posterior predictive check showed large discrepancies between the observations and simulations in most models. Moreover, the normalized prediction distribution errors of all models did not follow a normal distribution. Bayesian forecasting demonstrated an improvement in the model predictability. Furthermore, the predictive performance of two‐compartment (2CMT) models incorporating the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) process was not superior to that of conventional 2CMT models.ConclusionsThe published models showed large variability and unsatisfactory predictive performance, which indicated that therapeutic drug monitoring was necessary for MMF clinical application. Further studies incorporating potential covariates need to be conducted to investigate the key factors influencing model predictability of MMF.
The effects of self‐ and other‐awareness on Chinese children's truth‐telling
Authors: Ding Xiao Pan , O'Connor Alison M. , Weng Mengxing , Tang Quan , Fu Genyue , Evans Angela D. 
Published: December 2018

Several honesty promotion techniques have been established for children living in Western cultures; however, limited research has examined the effectiveness of these techniques among non‐Western children. Recently, inducing self‐awareness (by looking at oneself in a mirror) was found to be effective in promoting young Western children's honesty. The present investigation compared the effectiveness of this self‐awareness technique to a novel other‐awareness technique (looking at a photograph of a peer) in promoting young Chinese children's honesty. Chinese children aged 3 and 4 years (N = 121) completed a modified temptation resistance paradigm where they were requested not to peek at a toy in the experimenter's absence. Children were randomly assigned to a Self‐Awareness, Peer (other‐awareness), or Control condition. When asked whether they peeked at the toy, children in the Self‐Awareness condition were significantly more likely to tell the truth compared to those in the Control condition. No significant differences in truth‐telling emerged between the Peer and Control conditions. The present results demonstrate the cross‐cultural application of self‐awareness as an honesty promoting technique with young children.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

High rates of dishonesty persist across cultures.

Social and cultural values can shape lie‐telling behaviours.

Inducing self‐awareness promotes honesty in Western children.

What does this study add?

A tool for promoting honesty in non‐Western cultures.

Inducing self‐awareness promotes honesty in Chinese children.

Inducing other‐awareness was not effective in promoting honesty in Chinese children.
Hydrophobicity versus electrophilicity: A new protocol toward quantitative structure–toxicity relationship
Authors: Pal Ranita , Jana Gourhari , Sural Shamik , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQSAR/QSPR/QSTR modeling and chemical grouping approach are presented to provide information on the biological properties of various substituted benzene derivatives. A novel descriptor, viz., the square of electrophilicity index (ω2) is proposed to provide a compact correlation between the structure of the compounds and their biological properties which is marginally superior to electrophilicity index (ω) or ω3 in most of the cases, and more or less similar to that obtained from hydrophobicity (or lipophilicity). Besides the straightforward case study, neural networks (NN) are employed to ascertain the robustness of the QSAR model obtained by implementing multiple linear regression (MLR).
Dyscalculia and Typical Math Achievement Are Associated With Individual Differences in Number‐Specific Executive Function
Authors: Wilkey Eric D. , Pollack Courtney , Price Gavin R. 
Published: December 2018

Deficits in numerical magnitude perception characterize the mathematics learning disability developmental dyscalculia (DD), but recent studies suggest the relation stems from inhibitory control demands from incongruent visual cues in the nonsymbolic number comparison task. This study investigated the relation among magnitude perception during differing congruency conditions, executive function, and mathematics achievement measured longitudinally in children (n = 448) from ages 4 to 13. This relation was investigated across achievement groups and as it related to mathematics across the full range of achievement. Only performance on incongruent trials related to achievement. Findings indicate that executive function in a numerical context, beyond magnitude perception or executive function in a non‐numerical context, relates to DD and mathematics across a wide range of achievement.
The Developmental Sequence and Relations Between Gesture and Spoken Language in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Talbott Meagan R. , Young Gregory S. , Munson Jeff , Estes Annette , Vismara Laurie A. , Rogers Sally J. 
Published: December 2018

In typical development, gestures precede and predict language development. This study examines the developmental sequence of expressive communication and relations between specific gestural and language milestones in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), who demonstrate marked difficulty with gesture production and language. Communication skills across five stages (gestures, word approximations, first words, gesture‐word combinations, and two‐word combinations) were assessed monthly by blind raters for toddlers with ASD participating in an randomized control trial of parent‐mediated treatment (N = 42, 12–30 months). Findings revealed that toddlers acquired skills following a reliable (vs. idiosyncratic) sequence and the majority of toddlers combined gestures with words before combining words in speech, but in contrast to the pattern observed in typical development, a significant subset acquired pointing after first words.