bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leitlinien – Wegweiser für die Therapie
Authors: Veit Katrin 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungLeitlinien sind systematisch entwickelte Aussagen, die den gegenwärtigen
Erkenntnisstand wiedergeben, um die Entscheidungsfindung von Ärzten, Therapeuten
und Patienten für eine angemessene Versorgung bei spezifischen
Gesundheitsproblemen zu unterstützen [1]. Der Fachartikel erklärt deren
Entwicklung, Diskussion und Konsentierung sowie ihre Relevanz für die
Therapie.
Apps & Games in der Therapie
Authors: Hotz Verena 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDigitale Technologien in die aktivierende Parkinson-Therapie einzubinden, bietet die
Möglichkeit, Abwechslung in den Therapiealltag zu bringen. Inzwischen sind
erschwingliche Games, Apps und Hilfsmittel auf dem Markt, die sich vielseitig und
gewinnbringend einsetzen lassen.
5 Electrosynthesis in Continuous Flow
Authors: Folgueiras-Amador A. A. , Wirth T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganic electrosynthesis is recognized as a green enabling methodology to perform reactions in an efficient and straightforward way. Electrons are used as the reagent to form anionic and cationic radical species from neutral organic molecules, achieving oxidations and reductions and replacing toxic and dangerous reagents. Within this field, the use of microreactors in continuous flow is particularly compatible with electrochemistry because of the convenient advantages of flow over batch, including: (i) low loading or no supporting electrolyte at all, due to the small distance between electrodes, providing significant advantages in downstream processing; (ii) high electrode surface-to-reactor volume ratio; (iii) short residence time; and (iv) improved mixing effects. In this chapter, the most relevant electrochemical flow reactors and electrochemical transformations performed in continuous flow are presented and discussed.
10 Intermolecular Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reactions in Continuous Flow
Authors: Bottecchia C. , Noël T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an up-to-date collection of prominent examples of intermolecular transition-metal-catalyzed C–C coupling reactions performed in continuous-flow systems. The advantages offered by flow technology for the implementation of traditional cross-coupling methods are discussed. Moreover, recent examples of the successful application of flow reactors for C–H functionalization strategies (including C–H activation and dual photoredox transition-metal catalysis) are reviewed.
A remarkable compilation shift
Authors: Li Rui , Hansen Annette Skovsted 
Published: February 2019

Summary
During his work on his Chinese and English Dictionary (1842–1843) Walter Henry Medhurst (1796–1857) dramatically changed his compilation strategy by shifting from depending almost exclusively on Robert Morrison’s (1782–1834) Chinese-English dictionary, Zidian 字典 (1815–1823) to depending on multiple sources including Kangxi zidian 康熙字典 (1716), Morrison’s Wuche yunfu 五車韻府 (1819–1820), and Medhurst’s own A Dictionary of the Hok-këèn Dialect of the Chinese Language (1832). By applying Lexicographic Archaeology to four linguistic case studies, this article discusses the reasons for this unusual lexicographical phenomenon. The authors argue that changes in information in Morrison’s Zidian after the 41st radical influenced Medhurst’s choices.
The potential mechanisms of unintentional weight loss after oesophageal cancer surgery.
Authors: Murphy C. F. , Reynolds J. V. , Roux C. W. le 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Recent advances in the surgical and multimodality management of oesophageal cancer have led to improved survival for patients treated with curative intent. Survivors may struggle to adapt to the profound nutritional impact of oesophageal cancer surgery, and addressing dietary and related functional, and quality of life issues is an area of increased research focus. Mechanistic insight to explain significant weight loss has parallels in bariatric surgery. In particular, the gut-brain axis plays a pivotal role in energy balance and unintentional weight loss by influencing subconscious neural pathways, and key signalling pathways may be significantly altered in the context of major upper gastrointestinal surgery. In this review, we explore the core components comprising this gut-brain interplay, and outline the potential mechanisms underpinning the postoperative adaptations observed. We also discuss how this mechanism may affect weight and quality of life after oesophageal cancer resection. Only once the pathophysiological processes are understood are we likely to develop effective and sustainable therapeutic solutions.
Stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca from three material sources shows the same inverse response to atmospheric pCO2
Authors: Hu Jin-Jin , Xing Yao-Wu , Su Tao , Huang Yong-Jiang , Zhou Zhe-Kun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe inverse correlation between atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and stomatal frequency in many plants has been widely used to estimate palaeo-CO2 levels. However, apparent discrepancies exist among the obtained estimates. This study attempts to find a potential proxy for palaeo-CO2 concentrations by analysing the stomatal frequency of Quercus glauca (section Cyclobalanopsis, Fagaceae), a dominant species in East Asian sub-tropical forests with abundant fossil relatives.MethodsStomatal frequencies of Q. glauca from three material sources were analysed: seedlings grown in four climatic chambers with elevated CO2 ranging from 400 to 1300 ppm; extant samples collected from 14 field sites at altitudes ranging from 142 to 1555 m; and 18 herbarium specimens collected between 1930 and 2011. Stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlations were determined using samples from these three sources.Key ResultsAn inverse correlation between stomatal frequency and pCO2 was found for Q. glauca through cross-validation of the three material sources. The combined calibration curves integrating data of extant altitudinal samples and historical herbarium specimens improved the reliability and accuracy of the curves. However, materials in the climatic chambers exhibited a weak response and relatively high stomatal frequency possibly due to insufficient treatment time.ConclusionsA new inverse stomatal frequency–pCO2 correlation for Q. glauca was determined using samples from three sources. These three material types show the same response, indicating that Q. glauca is sensitive to atmospheric pCO2 and is an ideal proxy for palaeo-CO2 levels. Quercus glauca is a nearest living relative (NLR) of section Cyclobalanopsis fossils, which are widely distributed in the strata of East Asia ranging from the Eocene to Pliocene, thereby providing excellent materials to reconstruct the atmospheric CO2 concentration history of the Cenozoic. Quercus glauca will add to the variety of proxies that can be widely used in addition to Ginkgo and Metasequoia.
Endometriosis biomarkers: Will codevelopment in academia–industry partnerships result in new and robust noninvasive diagnostic tests?
Authors: M D’Hooghe Thomas , Fassbender Amelie , F O Dorien , Vanhie Arne 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Endometriosis is an important gynecological disease, affecting 10% of reproductive age women, and associated with pain, infertility, reduced quality of life, and high health economic cost. Except for ultrasound detection of ovarian endometriotic cysts, the gold standard for diagnosis is laparoscopy, leading to diagnostic delays of 5–10 years. Accurate noninvasive biomarkers are needed, especially for symptomatic women with a normal gynecological ultrasound, to triage them towards medical or surgical treatment and to monitor their treatment outcome. Such biomarkers are not available today, largely because the research focus has been on discovery, not on reproducibility and validation. Academia/industry partnerships can move this field forward by validation of promising markers, consensus on endometriosis phenotypes/controls and desirable accuracy (sensitivity/specificity). Such partnerships should increase the quality and reproducibility of target discovery work and foster global consensus on the use of relevant preclinical/animal models, if they are managed with complete (financial) transparency and with the aim to translate innovation into products benefiting patients. It is essential that mutual objectives are clarified between industry and academia partners including intellectual property policy, critical decision points, funding agreements, milestones and timelines, with a clear strategy for project termination/change of strategy, a restriction on publications till new discoveries have been patented, considering that a minority of novel findings can be translated into new therapeutic targets, diagnostics, or marketed products.
Identification of molecular biomarkers for ovarian cancer using computational approaches
Authors: Lalremmawia H , Tiwary Basant K 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women. This is partly because of highly asymptomatic nature, lack of reliable screening techniques and non-availability of effective biomarkers of ovarian cancer. The recent availability of high-throughput data and consequently the development of network medicine approach may play a key role in deciphering the underlying global mechanism involved in a complex disease. This novel approach in medicine will pave the way in translating the new molecular insights into an effective drug therapy applying better diagnostic, prognostic and predictive tests for a complex disease. In this study, we performed reconstruction of gene co-expression networks with a query-based method in healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer to identify new potential biomarkers from the reported biomarker genes. We proposed 17 genes as new potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer that can effectively classify a disease sample from a healthy sample. Most of the predicted genes are found to be differentially expressed between healthy and diseased states. Moreover, the survival analysis showed that these genes have a significantly higher effect on the overall survival rate of the patient than the established biomarkers. The comparative analyses of the co-expression networks across healthy and different stages of ovarian cancer have provided valuable insights into the dynamic nature of ovarian cancer.
Ciclosporin Therapy After Infliximab Failure in Hospitalized Patients With Acute Severe Colitis is Effective and Safe
Authors: Weisshof Roni , Ollech Jacob E , El Jurdi Katia , Yvellez Olivia V , Cohen Russell D , Sakuraba Atsushi , Dalal Sushila , Pekow Joel , Rubin David T 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Options for medical management of patients with acute severe colitis [ASC] failing intravenous (i.v.) steroids are limited and include rescue therapy with either infliximab or ciclosporin. In patients failing infliximab, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin is an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of ciclosporin in patients with steroid-refractory ASC failing first-line rescue therapy with infliximab.

Methods
This is a retrospective, tertiary centre study undertaken from 2010 to 2017. Included were patients hospitalized for ASC and treated with i.v. ciclosporin after failing i.v. steroids and infliximab within the previous 2 months. Time to colectomy, clinical response, and occurrence of adverse events were analysed.

Results
Forty patients with steroid-resistant ASC were included. Patients were followed for a median of 13 months (interquartile range [IQR] 5–32 months). Colectomy-free survival was 65%, 59.4%, and 41.8% at 1 month, 3 months and 1 year, respectively. Sixty percent of patients [24/40] achieved clinical remission at a median of 2 weeks [IQR 1–3 weeks]. Infliximab levels before ciclosporin infusion were available for 26 patients [median level 17.5 mg/mL, IQR 8–34 mg/mL] and were not associated with adverse events. Sixteen patients [40%] experienced adverse events after ciclosporin treatment, but none resulted in drug discontinuation.

Conclusions
In patients with i.v. steroid–refractory ASC who failed infliximab therapy, second-line rescue therapy with ciclosporin was shown to be effective and safe. This is the largest patient cohort to receive ciclosporin as second-line rescue therapy for ASC. We believe that ciclosporin may be offered to selected patients prior to referral for colectomy.
Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese Burden of Treatment Questionnaire (C-TBQ) in primary care patients with multi-morbidity
Authors: Chin Weng Yee , Wong Carlos King Ho , Ng Cherry Cheuk Wai , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Burden of Treatment Questionnaire (TBQ) assesses the impact of a patient’s treatment workload on their quality of lifeObjectivesThe aim was to translate and validate the TBQ on Chinese primary care patients with multi-morbidity.MethodsThe English TBQ was translated and back-translated using professional translators. Cognitive debriefing interviews were performed on 15 patients. The resulting instrument was tested on 200 primary care patients with multi-morbidity (>1 chronic disease) to examine its psychometric performance including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and reliability. The EuroQol Five-Dimension Five-Level Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Short-Form Six-Dimension (SF-6D), WONCA COOP Charts and the Global Health Rating Scale were used to assess convergent and divergent validity.ResultsMedian age of the respondents was 62 years (range 22–95 years) with a median of four conditions. The median TBQ total score was 16 (interquartile range 7.25–30). There was a significant floor effect (>15%) observed for all items. Spearman’s correlations was >0.4 for all items demonstrating adequate internal construct validity. TBQ global score correlated with number of conditions (P = 0.034), EQ-5D-5L (P < 0.001), SF-6D (P < 0.001) and the feelings (P = 0.004), daily activities (P = 0.003) and social activities (P < 0.001) domains of the WONCA COOP. There was no significant correlation between global health rating and TBQ global scores (P = 0.298). Factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor structure. There was good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.842) and good test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.830).ConclusionThe newly translated Chinese version of the TBQ appears to be valid and reliable for use in Cantonese-speaking, adult primary care patients with multi-morbidity.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing 28% polyphosphate and production of a polyphosphate-rich yeast extract thereof
Authors: Christ Jonas Johannes , Blank Lars Mathias 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Currently, inorganic polyphosphate is chemically synthesized from phosphate rock and added directly to food products. Yeast extract is a concentrate of soluble fractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is, as a food additive, generally regarded as safe. The aim of this study was to biotechnologically produce a naturally polyphosphate-rich yeast extract. Polyphosphate-rich cells were produced with a wild type (non-genetically modified) S. cerevisiae by orthophosphate-starvation and subsequent orthophosphate-feeding, and contained 28% (w/w) polyphosphate (as KPO3) in cell dry weight, which is the highest content reported so far. Four yeast extract production protocols (autolysis, plasmolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis without and with prior heat inactivation) were tested, whereas the latter was the most promising. From the polyphosphate-rich cells, yeast extract paste and powder were produced containing 20% and 14% (w/w, as KPO3) polyphosphate with an average chain length of 31 and 3 P-subunits, 7% and 14% (w/w, as K1.5H1.5PO4) orthophosphate, 22% and 0% (w/w) water, respectively. For the first time, naturally polyphosphate-rich yeast extracts were produced, which possibly can be used as a clean-label food additive and biological alternative to chemically synthesized polyphosphate in food products.
Genome sequence of the barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844): the first chromosome-level draft genome in the family Oplegnathidae
Authors: Xiao Yongshuang , Xiao Zhizhong , Ma Daoyuan , Liu Jing , Li Jun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
The barred knifejaw (Oplegnathus fasciatus), a member of the Oplegnathidae family of the Centrarchiformes, is a commercially important rocky reef fish native to East Asia. Oplegnathus fasciatus has become an important fishery resource for offshore cage aquaculture and fish stocking of marine ranching in China, Japan, and Korea. Recently, sexual dimorphism in growth with neo-sex chromosome and widespread biotic diseases in O. fasciatus have been increasing concern in the industry. However, adequate genome resources for gaining insight into sex-determining mechanisms and establishing genetically resistant breeding systems for O. fasciatus are lacking. Here, we analyzed the entire genome of a female O. fasciatus fish using long-read sequencing and Hi-C data to generate chromosome-length scaffolds and a highly contiguous genome assembly.

Findings
We assembled the O. fasciatus genome with a total of 245.0 Gb of raw reads that were generated using both Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) Sequel and Illumina HiSeq 2000 platforms. The final draft genome assembly was approximately 778.7 Mb, which reached a high level of continuity with a contig N50 of 2.1 Mb. The genome size was consistent with the estimated genome size (777.5 Mb) based on k-mer analysis. We combined Hi-C data with a draft genome assembly to generate chromosome-length scaffolds. Twenty-four scaffolds corresponding to the 24 chromosomes were assembled to a final size of 768.8 Mb with a contig N50 of 2.1 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 33.5 Mb using 1,372 contigs. The identified repeat sequences accounted for 33.9% of the entire genome, and 24 003 protein-coding genes with an average of 10.1 exons per gene were annotated using de novo methods, with RNA sequencing data and homologies to other teleosts. According to phylogenetic analysis using protein-coding genes, O. fasciatus is closely related to Larimichthys crocea, with O. fasciatus diverging from their common ancestor approximately 70.5–88.5 million years ago.

Conclusions
We generated a high-quality draft genome for O. fasciatus using long-read PacBio sequencing technology, which represents the first chromosome-level reference genome for Oplegnathidae species. Assembly of this genome assists research into fish sex-determining mechanisms and can serve as a resource for accelerating genome-assisted improvements in resistant breeding systems.
Sources of innovation and innovation type: firm-level evidence from the United States
Authors: Demircioglu Mehmet Akif , Audretsch David B , Slaper Timothy F 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOnly a handful of studies on innovation empirically analyze the links between firm innovation and the sources of that innovative activity of sources of innovation on types of innovation. To fill this gap in the literature, this study provides one of the first tests to identify how important sources of new information (suppliers, customers, other business people in the industry, workers, and university) are associated with types of innovations (product, process, and marketing). Data come from the 2014 National Survey of Business Competitiveness sponsored by the Economic Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture (n = 10,952). The results show that innovation ideas emanating from customers, workers, and universities are positively associated with all types of innovations, suggesting that these sources are critical for developing different types of innovation. In particular, universities as a source of innovation activity are especially important. In contrast, other sources, such as suppliers and people in industry do not seem to be as important as a source of innovation.
Automatic fish detection in underwater videos by a deep neural network-based hybrid motion learning system
Authors: Salman Ahmad , Siddiqui Shoaib Ahmad , Shafait Faisal , Mian Ajmal , Shortis Mark R , Khurshid Khawar , Ulges Adrian , Schwanecke Ulrich 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is interesting to develop effective fish sampling techniques using underwater videos and image processing to automatically estimate and consequently monitor the fish biomass and assemblage in water bodies. Such approaches should be robust against substantial variations in scenes due to poor luminosity, orientation of fish, seabed structures, movement of aquatic plants in the background and image diversity in the shape and texture among fish of different species. Keeping this challenge in mind, we propose a unified approach to detect freely moving fish in unconstrained underwater environments using a Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network, a state-of-the-art machine learning technique used to solve generic object detection and localization problems. To train the neural network, we employ a novel approach to utilize motion information of fish in videos via background subtraction and optical flow, and subsequently combine the outcomes with the raw image to generate fish-dependent candidate regions. We use two benchmark datasets extracted from a large Fish4Knowledge underwater video repository, Complex Scenes dataset and the LifeCLEF 2015 fish dataset to validate the effectiveness of our hybrid approach. We achieve a detection accuracy (F-Score) of 87.44% and 80.02% respectively on these datasets, which advocate the utilization of our approach for fish detection task.
Symplectic Fillings, Contact Surgeries, and Lagrangian Disks
Authors: Conway James , Etnyre John B , Tosun Bülent 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper completely answers the question of when contact $(r)$–surgery on a Legendrian knot in the standard contact structure on $S^3$ yields a symplectically fillable contact manifold for $r\in (0,1]$. We also give obstructions for other positive $r$ and investigate Lagrangian fillings of Legendrian knots.