bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A arquitetura da sentença no Português Brasileiro: considerações sobre Sujeito e Tópico
Authors: Quarezemin Sandra 
Published: February 2019

Neste trabalho apresentamos parte do debate sobre a classificação tipológica do Português Brasileiro (PB), tecendo algumas considerações sobre o comportamento do sujeito e do tópico. Esta língua apresenta construções com constituintes pré-verbais que não correspondem ao sujeito lógico da frase, como o caso do PP locativo fronteado. Tais sentenças têm sido analisadas por alguns autores como construções inovadoras restritas ao PB (AVELAR; CYRINO, 2008; AVELAR; GALVES, 2011, 2013). Neste estudo problematizamos este tipo de análise, mostrando que algumas das sentenças tidas como inovadoras e restritas ao PB também estão presentes em outras línguas românicas (COSTA, 2010; AUTOR; CARDINALETTI, 2017). Palvras-chave: sintaxe, sujeito, tópico.
Potential antidiabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts ofRicinus communisleaves on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Gad-Elkareem Mohamed A.M. , Abdelgadir Elkhatim H. , Badawy Ossama M. , Kadri Adel 
Published: February 2019

Recently, herbal drugs and their bioactive compounds have gained popularity in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM), which has become an epidemic disease all over the world and is especially prevalent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of wildRicinus communis(R. communis) leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were administered orally with the mentioned extracts at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg/BW for 14 days, and the obtained results of different biochemical parameters were compared with normal control, diabetic control and standard drug glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/BW). The obtained results revealed a remarkable and significantly (P < 0.05) reverse effect of the body weight loss, observed when diabetic rats were treated with ethanol and aqueous-ethanol extracts at 300 mg/kg/BW. Administration of the ethanol extract at 600 mg/kg/BW significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level. A significant increase in the AST, ALT and ALP levels (P < 0.05) was observed in the diabetic control and in the experimental groups with glibenclamide which was also significantly (P < 0.05) lowered after treatment with extracts at special doses. Total proteins, albumin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinine and urea were also investigated and compared to the corresponding controls. We showed that administration ofR. communisextract generally significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the biochemical parameters of diabetic rats. Also, the changes in serum electrolyte profile were assessed and the results demonstrate that administration of extracts at concentration of 600 mg/kg/BW generally inhibits the alteration maintain their levels. The obtained data imply the hypoglycemic effects of this plant, which may be used as a good alternative for managing DM and therefore validating its traditional usage in KSA.
Antihypertensive Deprescribing and Cardiovascular Events Among Long-Term Care Residents
Authors: Odden Michelle C. , Graham Laura A. , Liu Xiaojuan , Dave Chintan V. , Lee Sei J. , Li Yongmei , Jing Bocheng , Fung Kathy , Peralta Carmen A. , Steinman Michael A. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe practice of deprescribing antihypertensive medications is common among long-term care residents, yet the effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unclear.ObjectiveTo compare the incidence of hospitalization for myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke among long-term care residents who are deprescribed or continue antihypertensive therapy.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness research study used target trial emulation with observational electronic health record data from long-term care residents aged 65 years or older admitted to US Department of Veterans Affairs community living centers between October 1, 2006, and September 30, 2019, and taking at least 1 antihypertensive medication. Analyses were conducted between August 2023 and August 2024.ExposureA reduction in the number of antihypertensive medications or dose (by ≥30%), assessed using barcode medication administration data.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncidence of MI and stroke hospitalization up to 2 years was assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes. A pooled logistic regression model with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) was used to estimate per-protocol effects.ResultsOf 13 096 long-term care residents (97.4% men; median age, 77 years [IQR, 70-84 years]) taking antihypertensive medication, 17.8% were deprescribed antihypertensive medication over a period of 12 weeks. The estimated unadjusted cumulative incidence of stroke or MI hospitalization over 2 years was similar among residents who were and were not deprescribed antihypertensives in per-protocol analyses (11.2% vs 8.8%; difference, 2.4 percentage points [95% CI, −2.3 to 7.1 percentage points]). Participant characteristics were balanced after applying IPTW and IPCW; all standardized mean differences were less than 0.05. After full adjustment for confounding and informative censoring, the per-protocol analysis results showed no association of antihypertensive deprescribing with MI or stroke hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.70-1.26).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness research study, deprescribing antihypertensive medication was not associated with risk of hospitalization for MI or stroke in long-term care residents. These findings may be informative for long-term care residents and clinicians who are considering deprescribing antihypertensive medications.
Outcomes in Randomized Clinical Trials Testing Changes in Daily Water Intake
Authors: Hakam Nizar , Guzman Fuentes Jose Luis , Nabavizadeh Behnam , Sudhakar Architha , Li Kevin D. , Nicholas Catherine , Lui Jason , Tahir Peggy , Jones Charles P. , Bent Stephen , Breyer Benjamin N. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSeveral public recommendations exist regarding the amount of daily water intake, yet the supporting evidence is not clear, and benefits of increasing water consumption are not well-established.ObjectiveTo summarize evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) pertaining to the health-related outcomes associated with increased or decreased daily water consumption.Evidence ReviewA systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase was performed up to April 6, 2023. Studies were included if they aimed to assess the impact of daily water consumption by any defined amount on any health-related outcome.FindingsOf 1464 records screened, 18 (1%) eligible studies were included in the review. Among eligible studies, 15 (83%) were parallel group RCTs, and 3 (16%) were crossover studies. Interventions in these studies consisted of a recommendation to alter the daily amount of water intake by a specific amount for a predefined period ranging between 4 days and 5 years, while the control groups were mostly asked to maintain their usual intake habits. The studies assessed various populations. Recurring primary end points included weight loss, fasting blood glucose level, headache, urinary tract infection, and nephrolithiasis. Consuming additional water was associated with greater weight loss (range, 44%-100% more than control conditions) and fewer nephrolithiasis events (15 fewer events per 100 participants over 5 years). Single studies suggested benefits related to migraine prevention, urinary tract infection, diabetes control, and hypotension. Ten studies (55%) reported at least 1 positive result, and 8 studies (44%) reported negative results.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review found that there is a limited number of clinical trials in the literature assessing the benefits of increasing water intake related to a large variety of health outcomes. While the quality and quantity of evidence is limited, a small number of studies suggested benefits of water intake on weight loss and nephrolithiasis, while single studies raised the possibility of benefits for patients with migraine, urinary tract infection, diabetes, and hypotension. Given the low cost and low adverse-effect profile of water, further well-designed studies should assess benefits in these specific conditions.
Current and Future Roles of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Neurology
Authors: Ismail Fatme Seval , Gallus Marco , Meuth Sven G. , Okada Hideho , Hartung Hans-Peter , Melzer Nico 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceAdvancements in molecular engineering have facilitated the creation of engineered T cells that express synthetic receptors, termed chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). This is promising not only in cancer treatment but also in addressing a spectrum of other conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current approaches and future potential of CAR T-cell therapy in the field of neurology, particularly for primary brain tumors and autoimmune neurological disorders.ObservationsCAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma is promising; however, first-in-human trials did not yield significant success or showed only limited success in a subset of patients. To date, the efficacy of CAR T-cell therapies has been demonstrated in animal models of multiple sclerosis, but larger human studies to corroborate the efficacy remain pending. CAR T cells showed efficacy in treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory aquaporin 4–immunoglobulin G–seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to confirm these results. Success was reported also for treatment of cases with generalized myasthenia gravis using CAR T cells. Chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells, representing a modified form of CAR T cells directed against autoreactive B cells secreting autoantibodies, were used to selectively target autoreactive anti–N-methyl-d-aspartate B cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions, providing the basis for human studies and application to other types of autoimmune encephalitis associated with neuronal or glial antibodies.Conclusions and RelevanceCAR T cells herald a new era in the therapeutic landscape of neurological disorders. While their application in solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, has not universally yielded robust success, emerging innovative strategies show promise, and there is optimism for their effectiveness in certain autoimmune neurological disorders.
Spatial Coupling of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction and Selective Oxidation on Covalent Triazine Framework/ZnIn2S4 Core–Shell Structures
Authors: Li Qi , Li Xiang , Zheng Mang , Luo Fanqi , Zhang Liping , Zhang Bin , Jiang Baojiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic CO2 reduction coupled with alcohol oxidation to aldehyde presents a promising strategy for the simultaneous production of fuels and valuable chemicals. The efficiency of the coupled photocatalytic reactions remains low due to poor charge separation, difficulty in CO2 activation, and uncontrolled compatibility between reactions. This work presents S‐bridged covalent triazine framework (SCTF) core‐ZnIn2S4 shell photocatalysts for simultaneous CO2 reduction and selective furfural synthesis at distinct active sites. As evidenced by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, photogenerated electrons in the composite photocatalysts transfer from the ZnIn2S4 shell to the SCTF core, improving charge separation. Experimental and theoretical results confirm that the presence of pyridine N atoms (Lewis basic sites) in SCTF enhances CO2 adsorption, thereby reducing the energy barrier for *COOH generation and promoting *CO production. Meanwhile, furfuryl alcohol oxidation and deprotonation occur on ZnIn2S4 by consuming photogenerated holes, which in turn benefits the conversion of CO2 to CO. As a result, the optimized SCTF/ZnIn2S4‐0.2 core/shell photocatalyst exhibited a superior CO production yield of 263.5 µmol g−1 and 95% conversion of furfuryl alcohol to aldehyde under simulated sunlight irradiation.
Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain
Authors: Yu Qian , Zhang Zhihao , Ludyga Sebastian , Erickson Kirk I. , Cheval Boris , Hou Meijun , Pindus Dominika M. , Hillman Charles H. , Kramer Arthur F. , Falck Ryan S. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa , Kuang Jin , Mullen Sean P. , Kamijo Keita , Ishihara Toru , Raichlen David A. , Heath Matthew , Moreau David , Werneck André O. , Herold Fabian , Zou Liye 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcknowledging the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting, this study examined the effects of an acute exercise break during prolonged sitting on executive function, cortical hemodynamics, and microvascular status. In this randomized crossover study, 71 college students completed three conditions: (i) uninterrupted sitting (SIT); (ii) SIT with a 15 min moderate‐intensity cycling break (MIC); and (iii) SIT with a 15 min vigorous‐intensity cycling break (VIC). Behavioral outcomes, retinal vessel diameters (central retinal artery equivalents [CRAE], retinal vein equivalents [CRVE], arteriovenous ratio [AVR]), cortical activation, and effective connectivity were evaluated. Linear mixed models identified significant positive effects of exercise conditions on behavioral reaction time (RT), error rate, and inverse efficiency score (β = −2.62, −0.19, −3.04: ps < 0.05). MIC and VIC conditions produced pre‐to‐post‐intervention increases in CRAE and CRVE (β = 4.46, 6.34), frontal activation, and resting‐state and task‐state causal density (β = 0.37, 0.06) (ps < 0.05) compared to SIT; VIC was more beneficial for executive function and neurobiological parameters. The effect of AVR on average RT was mediated through task‐based causal density (indirect effect: −0.82). Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting improves executive function, microvascular status, and cortical activation and connectivity, with causal density mediating the microvascular‐executive function link.
Identification of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor for N‐Acetylcysteine to Rescue Nicotine‐induced Injury Using Beating Cilia in Primary Tissue Derived Airway Organoids
Authors: Zheng Yichao , Tian Qinyong , Yang Haowei , Cai Yongde , Zhang Jiaxin , Wu Yifen , Zhu Shuo , Qiu Zuocheng , Lin Yimin , Hong Jiangquan , Zhang Yi , Dockrell David , Ma Shaohua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSmoking is one of the major contributors to airway injuries. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as a treatment or preventive measure for such injuries. However, the exact nature of the smoking‐induced injury and the protective mechanism of NAC are not yet fully understood. Here, patient tissue‐derived airway organoids for modeling smoking‐induced injury, therapeutic investigation, and mechanism studies are developed. Airway organoids consist mainly of ciliated cells, together with basal cells, goblet cells, and myofibroblast‐like cells. The organoids display apical‐out and basal‐in polarity and are enriched in beating cilia, which are sensitive to smoking challenge and NAC treatment. An algorithm is developed to measure ciliary beating activity by analyzing the altered beating pattern of cilia in response to nicotine challenge and NAC treatment. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed by airway organoids are involved in the mechanisms of nicotine‐induced injury through the nicotine‐nAChR pathway. In contrast to the common understanding that NAC has an antioxidative effect that mitigates airway damage, it is elucidated that NAC binding to nicotine can abolish the binding capacity of nicotine to nAChRs and thus prevent nicotine‐induced injury. This study focuses on the advances and potential of humanized organoids in understanding biological processes, mechanisms, and identifying therapeutic targets.
Nematic and Smectic Phases with Proper Ferroelectric Order
Authors: Strachan Grant J. , Górecka Ewa , Szydłowska Jadwiga , Makal Anna , Pociecha Damian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA material showing a sequence of three ferroelectric liquid crystalline phases below the paraelectric nematic phase is synthesized and studied. The polar order of molecules appearing due to the dipole–dipole interactions in the ferroelectric nematic, NF, phase is preserved also in the smectic phases: orthogonal SmAF and tilted SmCF. The ferroelectric ground state of both smectic phases is confirmed by their second harmonic generation (SHG) activity and polarization switching. In the SmCF phase the polarization becomes oriented to the electric field by decreasing the tilt angle to zero. Although both smectic phases are ferroelectric in nature, their dielectric response is found to be very different.
Decoherence Effects on Local Quantum Fisher Information and Quantum Coherence in a Spin‐1/2$1/2$ Ising‐XYZ$XYZ$ Chain
Authors: Carrion Hector L. , Rojas Onofre , Filgueiras Cleverson , Rojas Moises 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research explores the effects of decoherence on local quantum Fisher information and quantum coherence dynamics in a spin‐1/2 Ising‐XYZ chain model with independent reservoirs at zero temperature. Contrasting these effects with those in the spin‐1/2 Heisenberg XYZ model reveals intricate interactions among quantum coherence, entanglement, and environmental decoherence in spin systems. Analysis of coherence dynamics highlights differences between the original and hybrid models, showcasing increased entanglement due to Ising interactions alongside reduced coherence from environmental redistribution. proves more resilient than coherence in specific scenarios, emphasizing decoherence's varying impacts on quantum correlations. This research underscores the complexity of quantum coherence dynamics and the crucial role of environmental factors in shaping quantum correlations, providing insights into entanglement and coherence behavior under environmental influences and guiding future studies in quantum information processing and correlation dynamics.
Nicht‐Kanonische C16 Homoterpen‐Biosynthese Weitverbreitet in Actinobakterien
Authors: Reuter Tatjana , Dieminger Lars , Steidle Sarah , Zoller Katrin , Holocher Maximilian , Zhou Lin , Hanauska Dominik Matthias , Racz Katharina , Barra Lena 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEin neuartiger Biosyntheseweg zur seltenen und wenig Erforschten nicht‐kanonischen Familie der Homoterpene wurde in Actinobakterien durch gezieltes Genome‐Mining und enzymatische In vitro‐Rekonstitution entdeckt. Der Weg umfasst eine anfängliche methylierungsinduzierte Doppelbindungsisomerisierung von Farnesyldiphosphat (FPP) zu (2E,7E)‐6‐Methylfarnesyldiphosphat, katalysiert durch eine neuartige Familie von Methyltransferasen mit dualer Funktion. Das resultierende lineare C16‐Doppelbindungsisomer von FPP stellt das spezifische Substrat für eine neue Familie von Typ‐I‐Terpenzyklasen dar, die diverse Zyklisierungsreaktionen katalysieren. Funktionelle Charakterisierung von neun Enzympaaren führte zur Entdeckung von fünf bisher unbeschriebenen Homoterpen‐Naturstoffen. Die entdeckte Enzymologie ermöglicht die Entwicklung biokatalytischer und genetisch programmierbarer Systeme zur Herstellung methylierter Terpene mit potenziell neuartigen Eigenschaften („Magic‐Methyl‐Effekt“).
Switching Residues: A Platform for the Synthesis of Fidaxomicin Antibiotics
Authors: Jung Erik , Griesser Tizian , Costafrolaz Jordan , Duverger Ondine , Mattenberger Yves , Dittmann Silvia , Dorst Andrea , Major Alexander , Dailler David , Schäfle Daniel , Sievers Susanne , Brodolin Konstantin , Viollier Patrick H. , Sander Peter , Gademann Karl 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeripheral modification is often the main approach to optimize natural products for improved biological activity or desired physicochemical properties. This procedure inevitably increases molecular weight, often accompanied by undesired increased lipophilicity. Removing structural elements from natural products is not always tolerated. This is also the case for the antibiotic fidaxomicin (Fdx), where every structural component has been shown to be crucial for antibiotic activity. In this work, we demonstrate how the residue switching approach can maintain biological activity of Fdx derivatives by replacing the rhamnoside‐dichlorohomoorsellinate moiety of Fdx with smaller, more polar building blocks. We used palladium‐catalysed allylic substitution to selectively install N‐nucleophiles on the core of Fdx. The new derivatives were designed to mimic the binding of Fdx to the bacterial RNA polymerase. Evaluation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridioides difficile, and the Gram‐negative model organism Caulobacter crescentus demonstrated that the newly introduced residues can restore antibiotic activity, which was further supported by on‐target RNA polymerase assays. We combined the allylic substitution with an organocatalysed novioside acylation protocol to enable the functionalisation of two vectors on Fdx in one pot. This platform greatly expands the accessible chemical space for Fdx derivatives and enables the future development of systemic Fdx antibiotics.
Role of Aralkylamine N‐Acetyltransferase in the Response to Antioxidative Stress in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster Adults
Authors: Rodríguez‐Illamola Arnau , Sidorov Roman , Čapková‐Frydrychová Radmila , Kodrík Dalibor 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn multicellular organisms, the indole melatonin synthesized by aralkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANATI) serves as an antioxidant. To test this, sex‐mixed 3‐day‐old mated fly adults bw1 and AANAT1 homozygous recessive loss‐of‐function mutant (bw AANAT1lo) of Drosophila melanogaster were fed by a standard diet or by one containing paraquat (PQ, 1,1′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridilium dichloride hydrate) at a final concentration of 15.5 mM. Experiment lasted 8 h and began at 11 a.m. In bw1 flies the paraquat treatment resulted in a significant (evaluated by Student's t‐tests) decrease of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase the catalase (CAT) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activities. Meanwhile, in these flies, total Antioxidative capacity (TAC) was significantly curbed by the paraquat presence. Importantly, these changes were not observed in the AANAT1‐mutants. Thus, melatonin seems to play an important defence role against the oxidative stress elicited by paraquat.
Compositional Dynamic Modelling for Counterfactual Prediction in Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Li Kevin , Tierney Graham , Hellmayr Christoph , West Mike 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTheoretical developments in sequential Bayesian analysis of multivariate dynamic models underlie new methodology for counterfactual prediction. This extends the utility of existing models with computationally efficient methodology, enabling routine exploration of post‐intervention analyses with multiple time series in putatively casual studies. Methodological contributions also define the concept of outcome adaptive modelling to monitor and respond to changes in experimental time series following interventions. The benefits of sequential analyses with time‐varying parameter models for such investigations are inherited in this broader setting. A case study in forecasting retail revenue following marketing interventions highlights the methodological advances.