bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of SMART and SAW Methods in Decision Making
Authors: Br Sembiring Berti Sari , Zarlis Muhammad , Sawaluddin  , Agusnady Alfian , Qowidho Titin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study using a comparative analysis of SMART and SAW methods. The results of the SAW method calculation analysis have a faster processing time with a time of 0.40 s. While the SMART method calculation analysis has a longer processing time difference of 0.47 s. In this study the authors suggest using the SMART method. Where the process of calculating the SMART method has more varied results, because the criteria value between one candidate and another candidate influences each other. While the calculation of the SAW method results are less varied, because the criteria value between one candidate and another candidate does not affect each other. Weighting is done without an algorithm. In this study the authors suggest using the SMART method because there is a final value of <60 is not feasible given the provision of venture capital.
Explore Semantic Pixel Sets Based Local Pattern With Entropy Information for Face Recognition and Application in Backpropagation
Authors: Iqbal Pradipta M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a combination of the Local Binary Pattern method with a semantic pixel set of entropy information is used on back propagation networks for face recognition. This method divides the sample data into NxM zones and calculates the feature value of each zone. In this paper the sample data is divided into 6x9 zones, ie 54 zones with the size of each zone is 10x10 pixels. The LBP method is a uniform pattern of each zone and makes comparisons to zones that have the most number of active pixels. Then from the LBP method the semantic method is used to extract the entropy information from each image. From the feature extraction, there are 107 feature values, 54 of LBP and 53 methods of semantic method. The value of the feature is used as input for classification using back propagation networks. 100 sample data were used for training and 60 different sample data were used for recognition level test. From the test conducted got the recognition rate using a combination of two methods of this extraction feature is 98%.
Ecological illiteracy can deepen farmers’ pesticide dependency
Authors: Wyckhuys K A G , Heong K L , Sanchez-Bayo F , Bianchi F J J A , Lundgren J G , Bentley J W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nearly 2.5 billion smallholders cultivate the world’s arable land, strategically positioned to tackle multiple Anthropocene challenges. When consciously adopting ecologically-based pest management practices, they can improve resource use efficiency, slow biodiversity loss, curtail environmental pollution and safeguard human health. Yet, the effective implementation of knowledge-intensive management practices requires underlying ecological concepts to be well-understood. Here, drawing upon published social science research spanning 1910–2016, we illuminate deficiencies in the world’s farmers’ ecological literacy and in their valuation of insect-mediated ecosystem services. Though tribal people and indigenous folk possess sophisticated knowledge of insects that occur within farm settings, contemporary farmers on average know a mere 1.9–2.3 pestiferous herbivores and 0.5–0.9 pest-killing organisms (out of a respective 8 and 3 taxa) in a particular crop or cropping system. Ecosystem services such as biological pest control are annually worth hundreds of dollars ha−1 but remain unknown to nearly 70% of farmers globally. Also, agricultural systems with deficient ecological literacy tend to foster a greater dependency upon chemically-synthesized pesticides. If this ‘cognitive handicap’ can be remediated, farmers could become agro-biodiversity stewards and champions in redressing multiple aspects of global environmental change.
The impact of climate mitigation measures on near term climate forcers
Authors: Turnock S T , Smith S , O’Connor F M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Here we quantify the regional co-benefits to future air quality on annual to daily mean timescales from implementing mitigation measures to stabilise future climate. Two consistent future emissions pathways are used within the composition-climate model HadGEM3-UKCA: one is a reference pathway of future economic growth and development (REF), whilst the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) assumes the same development pathway but stabilises anthropogenic radiative forcing at 4.5 W m−2 in 2100. Implementing greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation measures in RCP4.5 reduces global mean air pollutant emissions by up to 30% in the 2050s, in addition to mitigating climate. Annual mean surface concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 decrease by 10%–20% from the combined reductions in emissions and climate change. The number of days exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) daily mean air quality standards are reduced by up 47 days for ozone and 15 days for PM2.5 over different world regions. The air quality co-benefits from mitigation measures are mainly achieved from reductions in anthropogenic emissions, although benefits can be offset due to changes in climate. In terms of anthropogenic climate forcing, while the reduction in global mean effective radiative forcing (ERF) in 2050, relative to the 2000s, due to enacting carbon dioxide mitigation measures (−0.43 W m−2) is enhanced by decreases in tropospheric ozone (−0.26 W m−2) and methane (−0.2 W m−2), it is partially offset by a positive aerosol ERF from reductions in aerosols (+0.35 W m−2). This study demonstrates that policies to mitigate climate change have added co-benefits for global and regional air quality on annual to daily timescales. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the GHG policies in reducing anthropogenic climate forcing is enhanced in the near-term by reductions in ozone and methane despite the increased forcing due to reductions in aerosols.
Consequences of long-term infrastructure decisions—the case of self-healing roads and their CO2 emissions
Authors: Rodríguez-Alloza Ana María , Heihsel Michael , Fry Jacob , Gallego Juan , Geschke Arne , Wood Richard , Lenzen Manfred 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
What could be the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions if the conventional way of maintaining roads is changed? Emissions of greenhouse gases must be reduced if global warming is to be avoided, and urgent political and technological decisions should be taken. However, there is a lock-in in built infrastructures that is limiting the rate at which emissions can be reduced. Self-healing asphalt is a new type of technology that will reduce the need for fossil fuels over the lifetime of a road pavement, at the same time as prolonging the road lifespan. In this study we have assessed the benefits of using self-healing asphalt as an alternative material for road pavements employing a hybrid input–output-assisted Life-Cycle Assessment, as only by determining the plausible scenarios of future emissions will policy makers identify pathways that might achieve climate change mitigation goals. We have concluded that self-healing roads could prevent a considerable amount of emissions and costs over the global road network: 16% lower emissions and 32% lower costs compared to a conventional road over the lifecycle.
Multi - role hovercraft for agricultural
Authors: Pholpho T , Pholpho K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research was aimed to study, design, fabricate and test the Prototype of Hovercraft for Agricultural Product Handling. The Hovercraft composed of 1) tube axial fan 2) body structure 3) engine 4) wooded-tray 5) electrical system 6) drive system. Hovercraft can move on land and on water continuously without stopping or switching system driven. It is a good choice in its use in agricultural areas, such as fish farming, farmlands, wetlands, beaches etc. The result shows that at the tested on three areas: 1) Concrete floor, 2) Grass floor, and 3) slush floor (semi-water). The best area that hovercraft can travel through is semi-water/slush floor. This hovercraft has the best maximum load at 350 kg. The best hovercraft speed was 39.5 km per hour at the weight of 50 kg in the slush floor. Rate of fuel consumption is 0.25 litters per km. of the loading weight at 150 kg.
The study of veneer machine from oil palm stem
Authors: Dangwilailux P , Kalasee W , Akvanich V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study aim was to design an oil palm stem peeling machine. Oil palm veneer was selected from 28-year-old palm trunk, the height was 8 meters, and the diameter approximately 400-500 mm. The prototype veneer machine was to make the palm timber as a thin wood sheet for supplying to the plywood manufacturing industry. The veneer machine was composed of 3 units, which were 1) the roller unit 2) the blade unit, and 3) the feed screw unit. It was driven by 5 hp motors to rotate 2 rollers with speeds of 100, 120, and 140 rpm. The palm wood was rotated in the opposite direction to the blade using a 10 hp motor. It moved to the centre of the timber with forward speeds of 0.17, 0.29, and 0.59 m/min. Finally, the oil palm stems were peeled as veneer with a thickness of 1-3 mm and length of 2400 mm. The results were that the machine was able to produce the veneer product without it being broken and it had a high strength by using the roller speed of 120 rpm combine with a feed rate of 0.29 m/min.
Effects of extrusion variables on extrudate characteristics from corn-based enriched with soybean residue
Authors: Unsaeng K , Hannanta-anan P , Phongpipatpong M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Soybean residue is a food processing by-product of soya milk or tofu production process. It consists of rich protein and fiber. As a result, reprocessing soybean residue as human food can be a worthwhile alternative. This research focuses on studying the effects of extrusion process and the extrudate characteristics. The mixture of corn grit and soybean residue flour was extruded by single-screw extruder to produce high protein snack. Experimental design was performed by Box-Behnken design and Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to assess the effects on extrusion variables, including screw speed (370-430 RPM), soybean residue flour content (20-40%) and feed moisture (14-18%) on the properties of the extrudates including, expansion ratio (ER), density (D), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI) and hardness (H). Analysis of variance showed that the most significant variables are soybean residue, which has negative effect on ER and positive effect on H, and screw speed, which has positive effect on ER and H, while feed moisture is non-significant in most characteristics.
Processing feasibility and qualities of freeze dried mango powder for SME scale
Authors: Mawilai P , Chaloeichitratham N , Pornchaloempong P 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This research studied the processing feasibility and quality of the premium mango powder ‘Mahachanok’ for SME business. Freeze-dried mango powder as alternative high quality mango powder. The frozen mango puree was thawed at 4°C for 12 hours. The freeze dry processes to freezing and vacuum drying product within a single chamber. The operation cycle included 3 main steps: First step was rapidly frozen with contact plate and air blast freezing at -50°C until core product temperature was -20°C. After that, two steps drying were operated at 40 Pa. The primary drying was operating until core product temperature reached to -10 0 10°C, respectively. The secondary drying temperature was controlled at 40°C. The freeze dried mango powder price reached to 1, 322.76 baht/kg. In addition, physical properties (total soluble solids, pH and color) of rehydrated freeze dried mango sample were similar to mango puree, which had not significantly different (p<0.05). Thus, freeze drying can be developed and applied to process as premium mango powder at the industrial level.
Quantitative detection of pepper powder adulterated with rice powder using Fourier-transform near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Lapcharoensuk R , Chalachai S , Sinjaru S , Singsriand P , Hongwiangjan J , Yaemphochai N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy model was developed for detecting pepper powder adulterated with rice powder. The adulterated pepper powder samples were prepared by mixing rice powders with pure pepper powder to 19 levels of concentrations (w/w) from 5-95%w/w. Two hundred ten NIR spectra of pure and adulterant pepper powders were recorded using Fourier-transform near infrared spectrometer. The NIRs quantitative model for detecting adulterant pepper were established using partial least squares regression (PLS). The optimum model was established from NIR spectra treated by constant offset elimination with the

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of 0.99. These results show that the NIR spectroscopy could be a modern method for monitoring adulteration of pepper powder with rice powder.
Potential of contemporary earth architecture for low impact building in Belgium
Authors: Van der Linden J , Janssens B , Knapen E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Earth architecture during the 21st century has resurfaced worldwide as a sustainable, low environmental impact material with expressive aesthetics and textures. Contemporary projects attempt to modernize the traditional techniques of building with earth in order to adapt them to today’s projecting needs. Examples of such techniques are unfired earth bricks and rammed earth. In order to disclosure and highlight future possibilities of earth construction, advantages and limitations of earth construction in a contemporary Western-European context are reviewed, based on a literature study. Because it is hard to generalise due to the case-specific context and constraints, a case study analysis of earth utilization in two contemporary architectural projects is presented. To assess if these contemporary projects meet the environmental benefits associated with traditional earth construction, several environmental aspects are taken into account, such as material sourcing proximity, production process, reuse potential, etc. Based on the literature study, case study analysis and current evolutions in neighbouring countries, promising applications for future development of earth construction for low impact building in Belgium are highlighted.
Sustainable design of vegetated structures: Building freshness
Authors: Cravero J , Feraille A , Versini P-A , Caron J-F , Tchiguirinskaia I , Baverel O 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
City revegetation strategies seem appealing to mitigate urban heat island effects through shading and transpirational cooling. Moreover, other potential benefits that may derive, e.g. biodiversity enhancement, the reduction in buildings energy consumption, stormwater management, acoustic insulation or air purification, earned them the designation ‘no-regrets approaches’ for adapting to climate change. However, the lack of understanding and quantification of green infrastructures’ environmental impacts prevents urban planning policies to be consistent and to turn attractive initiatives to effective implementations. The monitoring of existing green infrastructures is required to evaluate their cooling effect. For this purpose, an elastic gridshell in composite materials has been designed as a support for climbing plants at Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (Champs-sur-Marne, France). The life cycle assessment of the vegetated structure is performed in order to develop sustainable design strategies. Based on an energy balance approach, the collected thermo-hydric data can be used to determine which mechanisms are the most suitable for urban vegetation to enhance outdoor thermal comfort.
Probabilistic LCA and LCC to identify robust and reliable renovation strategies
Authors: Galimshina A , Hollberg A , Moustapha M , Sudret B , Favre D , Padey P , Lasvaux S , Habert G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Buildings are one of the largest energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters in the world. As the largest part of the energy consumed by the existing non-insulated buildings occurs during the operation stage, retrofitting the building stock is crucial to reduce the environmental impact. To guarantee that the retrofit measures provide economic and environmental benefits, the whole life cycle should be assessed. However, the identification of environmental and at the same time cost-effective solutions is difficult due to the complexity and the uncertainty involved. Currently, simplified approaches based on limited assumptions are used that can lead to inaccurate results. This paper proposes a method for identifying robust renovation scenarios for residential buildings in Switzerland. The method and the developed tool use 47 uncertain parameters and Sobol’ indices to identify the most influential parameters. As such, robust renovation strategies can be identified in the early design stage.
Assessment of urban-scale potential for solar PV generation and consumption
Authors: Pedrero J , Hermoso N , Hernández P , Muñoz I , Arrizabalaga E , Mabe L , Prieto I , Izkara J L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The rise of grid electricity price and a growing awareness of climate change is resulting in an increasing number of photovoltaic facilities installed in buildings. Electricity market regulation and climatic conditions, in particular solar radiation, are the main factors that determine the economic viability of a photovoltaic facility. This paper describes a method for evaluating the potential for photovoltaic (PV) production and self-consumption for the building stock of a particular city. A GIS 3D city map is used to calculate solar irradiation. Building-level electricity use is calculated based on building type, geometry and other characteristic inferred from building age, taking the cadastre GIS as main input. The methodology identifies the realistic potential for rooftop photovoltaic installations, as well as the optimum size to be installed from an economic perspective. To represent different regulations that can affect economic viability of PV installations, calculations should adapt for the specific installation conditions and regulatory situation, as for example self-consumption and net metering. The proposed methodology is applied to a case study in Irun (Spain), where results for potential of PV generation and self-consumption for the building stock are presented. The results offer public administration a realistic view of economically viable PV potential for the city and allow to analyse different mechanisms to promote their installations. It also serves for individual electricity consumers to evaluate and optimize new photovoltaic energy facilities. Finally, it serves policy makers to estimate the repercussion of electricity market regulations on the economic viability of PV systems.
Mapping of innovative governance models to overcome barriers for nature based urban regeneration
Authors: Egusquiza A , Cortese M , Perfido D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The implementation of urban Nature Based Solutions (NBS) projects is deeply determined by the novelty of the concept. Its innovation is both an opportunity and a challenge: as a new concept, it generates uncertainty due to lack of technical and operational preparedness, but it also allows to deploy innovative approaches, new ways to address old problems and more inclusive practices. Nature4Cities project has systematically conceptualized the barriers and drivers on NBS projects implementation by a review of the state of the art. To see how these barriers can be overcome by governance strategies, different urban and environmental governance models have been mapped and characterized to assess their suitability for different NBS projects. Five clusters have been identified where models are grouped according to the involved actors, their position in the spectrum from high to low government involvement and their level of participation. This theorical model has been applied to real cases to check the incidence of the different clusters. Results show that urban and environmental governance is a map where the different models coexist in different degrees regarding some key axes such as level of innovation, polycentric vs. monocentric, involved sectors, level of participation and scale. Collaborative, multisector, polycentric and adaptive governance models address significant number of previously identified cross-domain barriers showing their suitability. The work presented in this paper can be the basis to define new institutional and governance arrangements that will foster multi-stakeholder involvement, citizens’ engagement, leveraging both public and private funding of NBS in cities
Pocket Mannerhatten - City renewal on the basis of spatial sharing strategies, bottom-up participation and common good-based incentives
Authors: Niedworok F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cities worldwide and Vienna as well are facing an increasing pressure on space. Innovative strategies are required to tackle these challenges not only by creating new buildings but also by modernizing existing neighbourhoods. For decades Vienna counts on a gentle urban renewal approach. The question how to tackle new challenges, such as renewal towards energy efficiency, green spaces, alternative mobility or integration of multicultural lifestyles needs to be answered. The project Pocket Mannerhatten pursues the assumption that sharing building space across property outlines can offer an innovative approach for a city renewal. The spatial sharing is combined with a bottom-up-participation process and a compensation-oriented funding system. With the public funding program “Smart Cities Demo” (Austrian Climate and Energy Fund) a realization project will test the concept in Ottakring/Vienna. The multidisciplinary consortium accompanies the inhabitants realizing shared green spaces, community rooms, shared photovoltaic systems, car-sharing and Co-living apartments until the year 2021. In the future, these sharing and cooperation activities should become a city renewal strategy. Due to the slogan “who shares, gets more” and on the basis of a evaluated common good contribution not only monetary but also alternative, non-monetary incentives will be taken into account to foster urban renewal.
Sustainable cities and communities – Best practices for structuring a SDG model
Authors: Neumann K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The UN’s SDGs are powerful beacons to a better world yet some of their targets remain vague for the sake of special interest groups. They are sometimes synergetic and quite often ambivalent. On a concrete operative level it is therefore a challenge to plan for them fostering synergetic measures and minimizing trade-offs. Since many concrete projects that go for the SDGs are rather unique and need to consider many stakeholders, the systemic approach of a participatory explorative cause and effect modeling should be applied in order to tackle the underlying complexity of these projects. On the example of SDG 11 and with the use of the software iMODELER the approach is presented offering some best practice for structuring a SDG model, facilitating participatory stakeholder workshops, identifying levers for successful action, and establishing a culture of reflection. Although this approach has been applied successfully in Africa as well as in Germany it is also crucial to prevent typical hindrances. A kind of template for a model structure will be presented for both, a town in a developing country and a town in an industrialized country.