bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The deepest Moho in the Western Carpathians and its respective crustal density model (CEL12 section)
Authors: Godová Dominika , Bielik Miroslav , Šimonová Barbora 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The main aim of this study is to compile 2-D density model of the CELEBRATION 2000 profile CEL12, which is based on seismic refraction data. The profile CEL12 crosses the External Western Carpathians Flysch zone and is located in the southern part of Poland. The general feature of the resultant density model shows significant changes in the crustal thickness. The Moho depth changes in the interval from 31 km to 43 km. The interpreted 43 km crustal thickness over a 60 km section of the profile results in the discovery of an area, which represents the thickest crust in the entire West Carpathians. This area is situated ~50 km north-east from the High Tatras in Poland.
Lithological composition in deep geothermal source reservoirs of temperature 160 °C in the territory of Slovakia
Authors: Bezák Vladimír , Majcin Dušan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Our contribution presents the geological analysis results of the lithological composition for deep geothermal sources characterized by the thermal conditions suitable for application of classic hydrothermal sources exploitation and specialized EGS technologies for the electricity production in the territory of Slovakia. The results are presented in the form of lithological characterization for the isothermal surface depths with the reservoir temperature of 160 °C. The lithological conditions of geothermal source regions were constructed using available published and archive materials. From the point of view of technically utilized depths (up to 5000 m) there are two most perspective regions – Eastern Slovakia and Danube Basin with surrounding areas. We tried to characterize supposed lithological composition also in second category of geothermal sources between 5and 6km.
What is it Like to See a Bat? a Critique of Dretske’s Representationalist Theory of Qualia
Authors: Bailey Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper critiques the representationalist account of qualia, focussing on the Representational Naturalism presented by Fred Dretske in Naturalizing the Mind. After laying out Dretske’s theory of qualia and making clear its externalist consequences, I argue that Dretske’s definition is either too liberal or runs into problems defending its requirements, in particular ‘naturalness’ and ‘mentalness.’ I go on to show that Dretske’s account of qualia falls foul of the argument from misperception in such a way that Dretske must either admit that his kind of qualia have nothing at all to do with what mental life subjectively feels like, or that veridical perception involves qualia and misperception does not.
Hobartian Voluntarism and Epistemic Deontologism
Authors: Buckareff Andrei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mark Heller has recently offered a proposal in defense of a fairly strong version of doxastic voluntarism. Heller looks to the compatibilist theory of free will proposed by R.E. Hobart in the first half of the twentieth century for an account of doxastic control. Heller’s defense of Hobartian Voluntarism is motivated by an appeal to epistemic deontologism. In this paper I argue that Heller’s defense of a version of strong or direct doxastic voluntarism ultimately fails. I finally argue that the failure of his theory of epistemic agency does not imply the untenability of epistemic deontologism.
Imagining subjective absence: Marcus on zombies
Authors: Alter Torin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The claim that zombies are conceivable is a premise of one of the most important anti-physicalist arguments. Eric Marcus (2004) challenges that premise in two novel ways. He observes that conceiving of zombies would require imagining total subjective absence. And this, he argues, we cannot do. However, his argument turns on the assumption that absence is imaginable only against a background of presence and, I argue, that assumption is dubious. Second, he proposes that the premise’s intuitive plausibility derives from a scope confusion. However, I argue, on reflection that proposal is untenable.
Belief and normativity
Authors: Engel Pascal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The thesis that mental content is normative is ambiguous and has many forms. This article deals only with the thesis that normativity is connected to our mental attitudes rather than with the content of the attitudes, and more specifically with the view that it is connected to belief. A number of writers have proposed various versions of a ‘norm of truth’ attached to belief. I examine various versions of this claim, and defend it against recent criticisms according to which this norm lacks normative force, that it violates the principle that ‘ought implies can,’ and that it is viciously circular. I defend the view that we should distinguish the statement of the objective norm and the way it is regulated, and that this distinction can answer most of the criticisms of the norm of truth for belief.
Intentionality, Knowledge and Formal Objects
Authors: Mulligan Kevin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
What is the relation between the intentionality of states and attitudes which can miss their mark, such as belief and desire, and the intentionality of acts, states and attitudes which cannot miss their mark, such as the different types of knowledge and simple seeing? Two theories of the first type of intentionality, the theory of correctness conditions and the theory of satisfaction conditions, are compared. It is argued that knowledge always involves knowledge of formal objects such as facts and values, that emotions are reactions to (apparently) known values and that beliefs are reactions to known or apparently known facts or to the objects of relational states.
Naïve Realism and the Problem of Causation
Authors: Sollberger Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present paper, I shall argue that disjunctively construed naïve realism about the nature of perceptual experiences succumbs to the empirically inspired causal argument. The causal argument highlights as a first step that local action necessitates the presence of a type-identical common kind of mental state shared by all perceptual experiences. In a second step, it sets out that the property of being a veridical perception cannot be a mental property. It results that the mental nature of perceptions must be exhausted by the occurrence of inner sensory experiences that narrowly supervene on the perceiver. That is, empirical objects fail directly to determine the perceptual consciousness of the perceiver. The upshot is that not only naïve realism, but also certain further forms of direct realism have to be abandoned.
Epistemology neutralized
Authors: Laetz Brian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The thesis that knowledge is a partly evaluative concept is now a widespread view in epistemology, informing some prominent debates in the field. Typically, the view is embraced on the grounds that justification is a necessary condition for knowledge and a normative concept — a reasonable motivation. However, the view also has counterintuitive implications, which have been neglected. In particular, it implies that J.L. Mackie’s error-theory of value entails global epistemic scepticism and that any true knowledge claim suffices to prove the error-theory is false. In this paper, I elaborate these difficulties and address objections at length.
Stage universalism, voints and sorts
Authors: Campdelacreu Marta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the current debate on how ordinary objects persist through time, more than one philosopher has endorsed the following two theses: stage theory and diachronic universalism. In this paper, I would like to offer a solution to the problem (related to lingering properties) that Balashov poses to the joint acceptance of these theses. I will also offer a number of reasons why, even if it is not necessary to undermine Balashov’s counterexamples, stage theorists can, without making their theory less appealing, reject Balashov’s understanding of sorts, which plays a crucial role in his criticisms of stage universalism.
First-order logic and some existential sentences
Authors: McLeod Stephen K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
‘Quantified pure existentials’ are sentences (e.g., ‘Some things do not exist’) which meet these conditions: (i) the verb EXIST is contained in, and is, apart from quantificational BE, the only full (as against auxiliary) verb in the sentence; (ii) no (other) logical predicate features in the sentence; (iii) no name or other sub-sentential referring expression features in the sentence; (iv) the sentence contains a quantifier that is not an occurrence of EXIST. Colin McGinn and Rod Girle have alleged that standard first-order logic cannot adequately deal with some such existentials. The article defends the view that it can.
Travelling in Branching Time
Authors: Martínez Manolo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Miller (2005) and Miller (2008) argue that the branching picture of time is incompatible with the possibility of backwards time travel. In this paper I show that Miller’s conclusion is based on a hidden assumption which, while generally plausible, is unwarranted if time travel is possible. Branching time is, after all, compatible with time travel as Miller characterises it.
The Illusion of the Experience of the Passage of Time
Authors: Yehezkel Gal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Supporters of the A-theory of time sometimes refer to an alleged experience of the passage of time in support of their theory. In this paper I argue that it is an illusion that we experience the passage of time, for such an experience is impossible. My argument relies on the general assertion that experience is contingent, in the sense that if it is possible to experience the passage of time, it is also possible to experience that time does not pass. Having established this claim, I argue that it is impossible to experience that time does not pass, and hence that it is impossible to experience the passage of time.
Minimal Semantics and Word Sense Disambiguation
Authors: Gasparri Luca 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Emma Borg has defined semantic minimalism as the thesis that the literal content of well-formed declarative sentences is truth-evaluable, fully determined by their lexico-syntactic features, and recoverable by language users with no need to access non-linguistic information. The task of this article is threefold. First, I shall raise a criticism to Borg’s minimalism based on how speakers disambiguate homonymy. Second, I will explore some ways Borg might respond to my argument and maintain that none of them offers a conclusive reply to my case. Third, I shall suggest that in order for Borg’s minimalism to best accommodate the problem discussed in this paper, it should allow for semantically incomplete content and be converted into a claim about linguistic competence.
The Misuse and Failure of the Evolutionary Argument
Authors: Corabi Joseph 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The evolutionary argument is an argument against epiphenomenalism, designed to show that some mind-body theory that allows for the efficacy of qualia is true. First developed by Herbert Spencer and William James, the argument has gone through numerous incarnations and it has been criticized in a number of different ways. Yet many have found the criticisms of the argument in the literature unconvincing. Bearing this in mind, I examine two primary issues: first, whether the alleged insights employed in traditional versions of the argument have been correctly and consistently applied, and second, whether the alleged insights can withstand critical scrutiny. With respect to the first issue, I conclude that the proponents of the argument have tended to grossly oversimplify the considerations involved, incorrectly supposing that the evolutionary argument is properly conceived as a non-specific argument for the disjunction of physicalism and interactionist dualism and against epiphenomenalism. With respect to the second issue, I offer a new criticism that decisively refutes all arguments along the lines of the one I present. Finally, I draw positive lessons about the use of empirical considerations in debates over the mind-body problem.
Zombies Slap Back: why the Anti-Zombie Parody Does Not Work
Authors: Prelević Duško 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In his “anti-zombie argument”, Keith Frankish turns the tables on “zombists”, forcing them to find an independent argument against the conceivability of anti-zombies. I argue that zombists can shoulder the burden, for there is an important asymmetry between the conceivability of zombies and the conceivability of anti-zombies, which is reflected in the embedding of a totality-clause under the conceivability operator. This makes the anti-zombie argument susceptible to what I call the ‘Modified Incompleteness’, according to which we cannot conceive of scenarios. In this paper I also argue that conceiving of the zombiesituation is a good starting point for rendering the zombie argument plausible.
Exploitation as Theft vs. Exploitation as Underpayment
Authors: Rodgers Lamont 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Marxists claim capitalists unjustly exploit workers, and this exploitation is to show that workers ought to hold more than they do. This paper presents two accounts of exploitation. The Theft Account claims that capitalists steal some of the value to which workers are entitled. The Underpayment Account holds that capitalists are not entitled to pay workers as little as they do, even if the workers are not entitled to the full value they produce. This paper argues that only the Theft Account can explain why workers ought to hold more than they do. The Underpayment Account cannot yield this conclusion. The Theft Account is superior to the Underpayment Account insofar as exploitation is to be an injustice—a wrong that requires the exploited party to hold more.
What is Friendship?
Authors: Leibowitz Uri D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper identifies a distinctive feature of friendship. Friendship, it is argued, is a relationship between two people in which each participant values the other and successfully communicates this fact to the other. This feature of friendship, it is claimed, explains why friendship plays a key role in human happiness, why it is praised by philosophers, poets, and novelists, and why we all seek friends. Although the characterization of friendship proposed here differs from other views in the literature, it is shown that it accommodates key insights of other writers on the topic. Thus, in accordance with the Aristotelian strategy the paper employs, it is shown that the account on offer preserves the received opinions on friendship.
Fuzzification - Decision Making in Terms of Uncertainty
Authors: Račić Željko V. 
Published: January 2019

Summary
The theory of fuzzy sets allows to analyze insufficiently precise, accurate, complete phenomena which can not be modeled by the theory of probability or interval mathematics. We define fuzzy sets as sets where the boundary of the set is unclear and depends on subjective estimation or individual preference. In addition to the standard interpretation scale, described above, a set of numbers to each qualitative attribute must be assigned. In addition to the standard interpretation scale a set of numbers to each qualitative attribute must be assigned. First of all, it is necessary to determine the procedure for determining fuzzy numbers describing the attributes. One of the imperfections of the fuzzy sets is subjectivism when defining the boundaries of fuzzy sets and functions of belonging, which can significantly influence the final decision. The decision maker’s subjectivity is also present in the determination of weighted coefficients. However, in case of giving weight, fixed values are necessary. Some decisions require multidisciplinary knowledge, so the decision-making process includes more group decision-makers, who independently give their grades.
A New Insight into the Measurement of Central Bank Independence
Authors: Jasmine M. Fouad , Mona E. Fayed , Heba Talla A. Emam 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present paper attempts to expand the existing literature on Central Bank Independence (CBI) by proposing new measures for CBI. It designs two indices: one tackling the de jure CBI and the other assessing the de facto level of CBI. The two measures outweigh traditional measures in various aspects; first, the two indices are more comprehensive in terms of possible institutional arrangements. The de jure index incorporates several aspects related to CBI that were not previously grouped together in a unified index i.e. financial independence, limitations related to indirect credit to government, accountability and transparency. The de facto index comprises the main existing indicators for measuring actual CBI (i.e. turnover ratio, political vulnerability indicator and monetary policy reaction function) in addition to new variables, as the lender of last resort function, independence of central bank board, and financial independence that were not included in almost all previous studies. Second, the two indices allow a higher level of precision as they comprise aspects that can be objectively codified with a minimum level of subjectivity. Third, the two indices cover the same attributes of CBI to facilitate measuring the deviation between de jure and de facto level of independence for any central bank. The current paper provides a comprehensive definition and analysis of both indices to enable their replication in future studies.
Macroeconomic Approach to Point in Time Probability of Default Modeling – IFRS 9 Challenges
Authors: Đurović Andrija 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to present one possible retail estimation framework of lifetime probability of default in accordance with IFRS 9. The framework rests on “term structure of probability of default” conditional to given forward-looking macroeconomic dynamics. Due to the one of the biggest limitation of forward-looking modelling – data availability, model averaging technique for quantification of macroeconomic effect on default probability is explained.
Experimental evidence for selection against hybrids between two interfertile red oak species
Authors: Gailing Oliver , Zhang Ruhua 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Reproductive isolation between related oak species within one taxonomic section is incomplete. Even though pre- and post­zygotic isolation mechanisms have been described for interfer­tile oak species, natural hybridization is common in contact zones between related oaks. The apparent restriction of inter­specific hybrids between ecologically divergent species to intermediate environments in contact zones suggests postzy­gotic isolation via environmental selection against hybrids in parental environments. Overrepresentation of hybrids in seeds as compared to adult trees provides additional indirect evi­dence for selection against hybrids. Here, we used genetic assignment analyses in progeny obtained from a sympatric stand of Quercus rubra and Quercus ellipsoidalis, two interfertile species with different adaptations to drought, to characterize the number of hybrids and “pure” species in the non-germinated acorns and in seedlings. The occurrence of 43.6 % F1 hybrids and introgressive forms among the non-germinated acorns and their very low frequency in the seedlings (9.3 %) is to our knowledge the first direct evidence for early selection against hybrids in oaks possibly as result of genetic incompatibilities. Additionally, we found a signature of positive selection on EST-SSR PIE200 in Q. rubra which needs further confirmation. These results contribute to our under­standing of reproductive isolation and divergence between interfertile oak species with different ecological adaptations.
Adhesion of the powder flame sprayed coatings using Fe-Cr-Co-Mo powder
Authors: Rzeźnikiewicz Agnieszka , Centrowski Piotr 
Published: January 2019

The aim of the research was to assess the adhesion of the powder flame sprayed coatings to the previously prepared substrate. The spraying tests were carried out using Rototec 51000 base powders which was Ni-Al-Mo alloys, then coated with an outer coating made of Rototec 19404, which is an alloy Fe-Cr-Co-Mo. The coatings were tested for adhesion in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 14916: 2017 standard and also topography tests of sprayed coatings using scanning electron microscopy.
A study the effect of supplementation vitamin C and dietary calcium on: I- Some productive performance in two different strains of broiler chicks under heat stress conditions
Authors: A.S.M. AL- Tepery A. L. D. AL- Khauzai, K.N.Tahir, and 
Published: January 2019

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of adding vitamin C at (0,150 mg/kgfeed) and dietary calcium at (0.9,1.1%) on some productive performance of two differentstrains of broiler (Ross and Hubbard). A total of one hundred ninety-two birds(96 chicks foreach strain) one day old unsexed were used in this study. Each strain distributed randomly tofour groups (24) chicks for each treatment, two replicates of (12)chicks for each.The first groupwas fed on a basal diet supplemented with (0.0 vitamin C+0.9% calcium). The second group was fedon the same basal diet supplemented with (0.0 vitamin C +1.1% calcium). The third group was fedon a basal diet supplemented with (150 mg vitamin C/kg feed+0.9% calcium) and fourth groupwas fed on a basal diet supplemented with (150mg vitamin C/kg feed +1.1% calcium).Theresults of this study showed that growth performance of chicks was significantly improved inCo-supplemented vitamin C and calcium (1.1%) and there was no significant interactionbetween vitamin C supplementation and calcium on dressing percentage and mortality rate.
Efektivitas minuman kunyit asam dan rempah jahe asam terhadap penurunan skala nyeri haid primer
Authors: Sugiharti Rosi Kurnia , Sundari Ririn Isma 
Published: January 2019

Latar Belakang: Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi antara masa anak dan dewasa dimana terjadi pacu tumbuh (growth spurt) sehingga mereka harus menghadapi tekanan emosi dan sosial yang saling bertentangan. Pada masa remaja ini biasanya terjadi nyeri haid primer. Nyeri haid dapat diatasi dengan pemberian terapi nonfarmakologis yaitu minuman rempah jahe asam dan kunyit asam.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektivitas minuman kunyit asam dan rempah jahe asam terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri haid primerMetode: Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experiment design dengan non randomized control group pre and post tes. Penelitian dilakukan di STIKES Harapan Bangs Purwokerto. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh Mahasiswi yang mengalami nyeri haid dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 responden yang diambil secara purposive sampling. . Analisis data menggunakan uji paire t-test dan independent t-tesHasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada perbedaan yang signifikan penurunan skala nyeri haid primer sebelum dan setelah minuman kunyit asam (p<0.01). Ada perbedaan yang signifikan penurunan skala nyeri haid primer sebelum dan setelah minuman rempah jahe asam (p<0.01). ada perbedaan efektivitas penerunan skala skala nyeri haid primer antara kelompok yang diberikan minuman kunyit asam dengan kelompok yang diberikan rempah jahe asam (p<0.01).Kesimpulan: Minuman kunyit asam maupun minuman rempah jahe asam sama-sama dapat menurunkan skala nyeri haid primer, akan tetapi, minuman kunyit asam lebih efektif dalam menurunkan nyeri haid primer dibandingkan rempah jahe asam.