bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Mid-Western Part of Nepal
Authors: Roma K.M. , Kanodia Piush , Pyakurel Manita , Gupta Veena 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common cause of hospital admissions. Serum Bilirubin depends on birth weight and gestational age. Common causes of neonatal jaundice are physiological jaundice, breast feeding/milk jaundice, prematurity and pathological causes. Surmount total serum bilirubin over critical level, crosses the blood brain barrier leading to kernicterus. Prompt identification and proper management is of great importance otherwise there is a risk of bilirubin encephalopathy.
Objectives: To find out the prevalence and causes of neonatal jaundice in our setting and treatment modalities undertaken.
Materials and methods: A hospital based descriptive study was done among total newborns including both inborn and out born admitted in NICU, NGMC over the period of one year. A total 288 newborns with jaundice were enrolled in the study .Data were entered in excel and th analyzed in SPSS 18 version. Descriptive data were presented through pie, bar graph, and table with frequency and percentage.
Results: Prevalence of neonatal jaundice was 31%. Causes of neonatal jaundice were physiological and pathological in 56% and 44% cases respectively. Among the pathological causes ABO incompatibility was the most common cause seen in 11.4% cases followed by sepsis seen in 8.7% cases.
Conclusions: Phototherapy is very effective treatment modality to reduce the serum bilirubin in most of the cases neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and if the bilirubin crosses the cut off limit according to Bhutani's chart then we have to consider exchange transfusion. Appropriate management in time leads to satisfactory outcome.
Gender Based Violence Among Pregnant Women: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: Chaudhary Shrawan Kumar , Chaudhary Pushpa 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Gender Based Violence (GBV) is prevalent and exists to some extent in virtually all societies throughout the world. Evidence shows consistent negative effect of violence on health of women particularly. This hidden disease is perceived as a social issue and not a health issue and is often overlooked by health care providers.
Methodology: This study was a Cross Sectional descriptive study conducted at national Academy of Medical Science affiliated Paropaker Women's and Maternity Hospital, Kathmandu enrolling 950 pregnant women from the emergency admission room who were interviewed using structured questionnaire from mid march to the end August in the year 2007.
Result and discussion: Among 950 women suffered from gender based violence (33.36%). One hundred and fifty women faced psychological violence (47.31%), seventy two clients faced physical violence (22.71%), and forty two women faced sexual violence (13.24%) and rest of them faced all types of violence. Violence was reported during the current pregnancy (41.32%). Husbands were perpetrator of violence for almost on third of women (34.06%), followed by mother in low (18.29%). Joint violence by family members was quit common (28.1%). Perpetrator outside family was responsible for approximately 20% of cases. Domestic violence was extremely common accounting for more than four fifty of cases (81.38%). Among sexual violence, (45.45%) women were victim of marital rape. Alcoholism as one of the common reason for wife battering, observed in this study in Maternity Hospital which is still prevalent in Nepal. Often, verbal abuse is an excuse for imposing discipline in the family. Women's economic and emotional dependence on husband could be responsible for the vulnerable status in family. Health seeking behavior following violence was found to be extremely low in this study suggestion gender based violence as a privet matter.
Anthropometric Study of External Ear: A Comparative Study in Medical Students of Nepalgunj Medical College in Nepal
Authors: Gupta Anil Kumar , Ambekar M. N. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Anthropometry is the measurements of the body parts in the living or dead persons with the help of instruments. Many studies in the past are done for various purposes such as: adding data to statistical data bank, to estimate stature, age differences. The study on the measurement of ear is also helpful to forensic expert for individual identity, to cosmetic surgeon to correct shape and size or reconstruct the auricle, to electronic companies to prepare hearing aids and lastly to prosthetic makers who required average measurement of the auricle to prepare prosthesis.
Aim and objective of the study: The aim of the study was to determine the normal anthropometric measurement of external ear in male and female Nepalese and Indian medical students.
Material and methods: This study was conducted on 200 medical students (Nepalese students 134 and Indian student 66). The study was conducted during October 2017 to November 2017. All the important parameters were obtained using vernier caliper.
Results: In Indian male auricular height and lobular height was found more than Nepalese. Auricular width was equal in both. Lobular width was more in left auricle and equal in right auricle in female. All parameters are more in Indian than Nepalese.
Conclusion: These measurements are helpful for forensic expert in individual identity, for cosmetic surgeries, correction of anomalies of auricle, for designing hearing aids and prepare prosthesis.
Ocular Biometry and Corneal Astigmatism in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery in Bheri Zone of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Bikram Bahadur , Dhakal Y. , Verma J. K. , Manandhar P. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Accurate measurement of ocular axial length, keratometry and anterior chamber depth before cataract surgery is crucial for calculating the power of intraocular lens (IOL) to be implanted. Corneal astigmatism is one of the major thefts to have best postoperative unaided visual acuity. Thus, knowing it preoperatively and taking appropriate intervention during surgery provides best postoperative visual outcome. But there are no studies on corneal astigmatism and biometric parameters in the population of Bheri Zone.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of the patients who had ndergone cataract surgery between January 2017 and November 2017 at Nepalgunj medical college were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Patient's demographic parameter, keratometric value, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS: This study evaluated the data in 65 eyes of 65 patients who had undergone cataract surgery. The mean age of patients was 59.3 ± 15.71 years. The mean corneal astigmatism was 1.37 D ±1.4D (range 0.00-6.75D). Corneal astigmatism was higher than 1.00 D in 32.3% of cases. The mean average keratometry was 44.54±1.83D. The magnitude of corneal astigmatism was positively correlated with age (p<0. 001) and there was a tendency for corneal astigmatism to increase with age above 50 years. Against-the-rule regular astigmatism was the most common type (46.2%) of astigmatism observed in this study.
CONCLUSION: The present report showed the pattern of corneal astigmatism before cataract surgery in the patients at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital. One third of cataract patients had corneal astigmatism of more than 1.0D. This finding provide the important normative reference and help ophthalmologists to plan and manage the cost-effective correction of preexisting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients to achieve the best visual outcome.
Delineation of groundwater potential zones in rocky aquifers in the mountainous area of Central Nepal
Authors: Pathak Dinesh , Shrestha Surendra Raj 
Published: February 2019

Groundwater is the lifeline for the people residing in the mountainous regions of Nepal as they are dependent in this natural resource for drinking and other domestic purposes. The springs and seepages are reported to be drying in many places in Nepalese mountains in the recent time. Such problem is expected to be much more severe in view of climate change condition in the future. In this regard, it is important to establish a methodology to explore groundwater in the mountainous terrain for better planning. In order to delineate groundwater potential zones of rocky aquifers in the mountainous terrain, study has been carried out in Melamchi watershed, lying in the Sindhupalchowk district, Nepal. Various thematic layers have been prepared in GIS and the satellite imageries have been used to extract relevant information. Ranks and weights have been assigned to each thematic layer and its classes, respectively. The rasterized layers have been combined and classifi ed and the resulting map is crossed with the existing springs. It is found that the moderate and high potential classes of the groundwater potential map are represented by the existing springs. This method is expected to be useful at the preliminary watershed level study of groundwater potential in the mountainous terrain of central Nepal.
Sediment dynamics of mountain streams as a function of variation in sediment deposition
Authors: Nakanishi Ryunosuke , Okajima Yuki , Baba Akira , Mitani Yasuhiro , Ikemi Hiro 
Published: February 2019

In Japan, the management of sediment in dam reservoirs has become challenging owing to heavy rain. Unexpected increase of sediment volume in dam reservoirs can increase flood risk owing to a rise in the level of the riverbed. It is therefore necessary to conduct sediment management to clarify the area of sediment production to control the amount of sediment transported and the timing of its movement. Sediment discharge from tributaries is often calculated based on catchment area and the deposited sediment volume already present in the dam reservoir. However, our preliminary surveys have implied that it is also necessary to consider regional geology in the evaluation of sediment transport. Moreover, variations in sediment deposition should be evaluated for each site where the geology changes.
In this study, we observe in detail changes in the riverbed in two tributaries with different regional geologies. Changes in the shape of the riverbed were analyzed from unmanned aerial vehicle observation data, following which the effects of erosion and sedimentation on the riverbed were quantitatively evaluated. Finally, sediment discharge was calculated by a one-dimensional numerical model of sediment transport. These results indicate that the tributary that is mostly composed of mudstone produced considerably more sediment than the tributary composed mainly of sandstone. This suggests that an understanding of regional geology is necessary in the evaluation of sediment dynamics and should be considered in addition to the catchment area.
Study on gross streambank sediment erosion from the Godavari Khola, southeast Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal
Authors: Maskey Ujwal Kumar , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: February 2019

The fifth order Godavari Khola is flowing from the South to the North direction and is one of the major tributaries from the southern part of the Kathmandu Valley. As the urbanization is growing in the Kathmandu Valley the banks of the streams are being targeted for the housing and roads, therefore it is important to know the characteristic of the river behavior, nature of erosion and sediment production along its banks. This study accesses the stream bank erosion characteristics and sediment production by erosion along the Godavari Khola. It was conducted by surveying and accessing hydraulic parameters, Bank Erosion and Lateral Instability status, streambank recession rates and gross sediment erosion from the bank.
The Godavari Khola has high bank erodibility and lateral instability as the hazard level of Bank Erosion and Lateral Instability (BELI) and width/depth ratio are quite high. Since the slope and the bankfull depth exceed the critical slope and critical depth values, respectively, the Godavari Khola is competent enough to mobilize its sediments. The apparent recession rate of the banks of the Godavari Khola is 0.66 m per year yielding 85 m3 volume of the displaced material which weighs 141 tonnes. The estimated bank erosion rate is in between 0.02 to 0.235 m/y and the gross erosion is estimated to be 320 tonnes per year. Similar to the other river of the Kathmandu Valley, the Godavari Khola is very disturbed by the anthropogenic activities. Riparian vegetation clearing and bad agricultural practice is one of the major causes for the high bank erosion and instability of the Godavari Khola.
Dormant landslides distributed in upper course of Sun Kosi Watershed and landslides induced by Nepal Gorkha Earthquake 2015
Authors: Yagi Hiroshi , Hayashi Kazunari , Higaki Daisuke , Tsou Ching-Ying , Sato Go 
Published: February 2019

This study detected 897 dormant landslides of deep-seated type in the upper course of the Sun Kosi Watershed. It also shows geology and slope gradient that are prone to cause deep-seated landslides in the Great Himalaya and Midland zones. The dormant landslides are predominantly distributed in geological areas of the Augen Gneiss, Benighat Slate, Robang Phyllite and the Kuncha Phyllite, considering both landslide area ratio and site number. Landslides of deep-seated type are also found prone to develop on dip-slope. Occurrence of landslides usually increases over 20 degrees of slope angle for each geological type, though the number of landslides in the phyllite area increases below 20 degrees. It is very clear that landslides in phyllite area are prone to occur from relatively lower slope angles compared to those occurring in quartzite, gneiss and the Sermathang Formation. Nepal Gorkha Earthquake 2015 caused 1804 landslides in this study area. Most of the earthquake-induced landslides are of shallow types that occurred just below break of slope, showing a shoulder shaped profile along the deep gorge. They are predominantly distributed on steep slopes in the geological areas of slate, gneiss and dolomite. None of the dormant landslides of large scale was activated by the earthquake.
Empirical models for predicting the spatial variation of soil thickness and shear strength for landslide susceptibility assessment
Authors: Daleon Cheryl F. , Lorenzo Glen A. 
Published: February 2019

Spatial variation of soil thickness, cohesion and friction angle are crucial in large scale slope stability analysis. However, determination of these parameters is challenging, costly and time consuming. In order to opt out expensive laboratory tests and laborious field investigation, efforts had been done by many researchers to predict these parameters over large areas. In this study, the soil samples and soil thickness data are gathered from 30 sampling boreholes and 60 probed points in an area with Pliocene-Pleistocene geology. The details on slope angle are obtained from the slope map through a processed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) in Geographic Information System (GIS) particularly the ArcGIS software. Slope angles are confirmed in the site through actual measurement using the clinometer. The soil thickness is measured from the ground surface down to the interface of soil and weathered bedrock. The cohesion and friction angle are determined from the direct shear test. Regression analysis is used to establish an empirical model
correlating the soil thickness and shear strength parameters with the slope angle. The result revealed that the slope angle has yielded better correlation to the soil thickness than the cohesion and friction angle. The resulting slope angle-soil thickness empirical model is validated from ten different sites with similar geology.
Landslide inventory mapping and assessment along the Ramche-Jharlang area in Dhading, Rasuwa and Nuwakot districts, Lesser Himalaya Central Nepal
Authors: K.C. Jharendra , Gautam Deepak , Neupane Purushottam , Paudyal Kabi Raj 
Published: February 2019

Landslides that are the major hazards, are concentrated along the river valley, road cut sections, cultivated lands and geologically adverse areas like fault zones, incompetent lithology, steep slopes and overhanging cliffs. Present study represents a small part of the Mahabharat Range within the Lesser Himalaya, where landslide inventory mapping was carried out in the Ramche-Jharlang area
because it consists of numerous small to large landslides affecting ecology and society. The main objectives were to delineate both present and past landslides with their characters (geometry, geology, hydrogeology, slope geometry, triggering causes of landslides and their impacts) focusing on the present propagating trends in terms of its cause. The field investigation was carried out by field work in the landslide occurring areas, visual inspection, satellite image analysis, photographical analysis, interaction and interview with the locals and the affected groups. The study reveals nail scratching outlook in most of the hills. The slope failures were debris flow, debris slide, mud flow and deep-seated creeps. The Ramche landslide in the eastern part to the Jharlan-Chhyamthali in the western part, have been devastating and active now and then causing huge casualties. The utmost reasons for occurring small to large scale landslides are inherently weak geological setting along with some adverse geological structures in addition to the triggering factors like concentrated precipitation and earthquakes. Systematic landslide hazard mapping and mitigation measures based on the cause and consequences during the planning and construction stages of infrastructures are fundamental steps to reduce loss from landslide disaster in the region.
Comparative study between debris flow of wide-gentle and narrow-steep channel based on numerical simulation and prevention measures
Authors: Mei Han , Xiewen Hu , Kai Hu 
Published: February 2019

Along the Duwen freeway in the Wenchuan earthquake area, there are two main types of debris flow channels, that is, wide-gentle channel and narrow-steep channel. The wide-gentle channel has the feature of gentle longitudinal slope, large mean width and catchment area. Whereas the narrow-steep one generally shows opposite features with narrow longitudinal slope, small mean width and catchment
area. During the heavy rainfall, these channels are subject to large-scale debris flows due to huge amount of earthquake-induced collapsing and sliding materials. With field investigation on the formation conditions and development characteristics in the Taoguan and the Mozi gullies, we analysed the resulting impact, burying and blockage to the Duwen freeway and the Minjiang River. The sediment characteristic in the above-mentioned types of debris flow gully was intensively studied. Finally, prevention measures of the debris flow and effectiveness analysis of the treatment were proposed based on the features of the two types of channels.
LA HISTORIA DE LO IMAGINARIO: TEMAS, PROBLEMAS Y PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Rosas Moscoso Fernando 
Published: February 2019

La historia de lo imaginario es una de las tendencias actuales de la investigación histórica. Estudia el imaginario colectivo, que es el conjunto de representaciones que se ubican fuera del conocimiento y la experiencia de una sociedad. Necesita de una visión interdisciplinaria y se va modificando al paso del tiempo. Las etapas de la Historia Universal, desde la Antigüedad Clásica asta el presente, definen diversas perspectivas de imaginarios colectivos. Utiliza instrumentos científicos de análisis y enfrenta problemas concretos. El presente artículo concluye con la mención a importantes hitos bibliográficos y a una revisión de la historia de lo imaginario en el Perú.
EL IMAGINARIO RELIGIOSO EN LA PEREGRINACIÓN AL SANTUARIO DEL SEÑOR DE HUAMANTANGA
Authors: Curi Betsalí 
Published: February 2019

El presente trabajo trata sobre los imaginarios en la peregrinación al Santuario del señor de Huamantanga, sustentados en la tradición oral tradición oral que cuenta cómo llegó hasta Huamantanga el milagroso escultor que trabajó la imagen de Cristo crucificado que se venera en el pueblo. Cada año en el mes de mayo se hace una peregrinación, rememorando el recorrido que se cuenta en la tradición; a lo largo del camino los devotos han establecido una serie de lugares donde se detienen obligatoriamente ya que, según el imaginario popular, serían los mismos lugares que se describen en el relato.
EL CINE Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LOS ACONTECIMIENTOS HISTÓRICOS.
Authors: De La Cruz Villanueva Carlos A. 
Published: February 2019

La siguiente investigación guarda múltiples objetivos integrados; el apreciar el valor del cine como fuente de investigación histórica, como agente de la historia y como elemento constructor de un meta relato histórico. Partiendo de ello utilizaré al cine como entidad compleja como una expresión artística que expone, influye y estimula ciertas actitudes mentales correspondientes a ciertos contextos sociales, es por ello que el cine dentro de sus alcances contribuye en la construcción o refuerzo de una versión histórica con respecto a ciertos acontecimientos históricos. Esta situación preliminar sirve de pretexto para iniciar el camino de la investigación que analizará el motín del penal “El Sexto” desarrollado en marzo de 1984 y el impacto que causó en la sociedad limeña y como años más tarde dicho acontecimiento es reforzado y meta construido gracias al cine a través de un filme el cual integra elementos dinámicos que exponen una historia, la cual nuestra aspectos sociales de nuestra historia.
La traducción y la colonización mental.
Authors: Mejía Huamán Mario 
Published: February 2019

El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar en el problema aún latente sobre la traducción de conceptos de una concepción del mundo de una cultura que en la práctica se toma como superior, desarrollada o civilizada hacia una cultura receptora, cuya concepción del mundo es diferente a la anterior. Pensamos que en torno al acontecer del mundo físico, de la lógica o la matemática podría haber mayores probabilidades de éxito en la traducción, sin embargo dudamos que se pueda esperar el mismo éxito en lo referente a lo propiamente humano como es el arte, la religión, y la filosofía. Específicamente nos referimos al pensamiento de los grupos humanos de patriotas “no contactados”, teniendo como referencia lo ocurrido con el pensamiento importado por los conquistadores a la América prehispánica.
¿Qué es eso llamado “Arte”?
Authors: Katayama Omura Roberto Juan , Pedrosa Velasco Donicia Lizbeth 
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo es un estudio transdisciplinario que partiendo de las reflexiones de Heidegger y Wittgenstein acerca de la naturaleza de la obra de arte y la Estética como disciplina filosófica, así como de las tesis de Nietzsche sobre el carácter metafórico de la verdad, busca determinar la que sería la naturaleza del arte. Para ello se recurre al instrumental de la filosofía del lenguaje contemporánea y la hermenéutica filosófica así como a las neurociencias, la semiótica, la historia del arte y la sociología de la comunicación.