bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are consumption of dairy products and physical activity independently related to bone mineral density of 6-year-old children? Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses in a birth cohort from Brazil
Authors: Bielemann Renata M , dos S Vaz Juliana , Domingues Marlos R , Matijasevich Alicia , Santos Iná S , Ekelund Ulf , Horta Bernardo L 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of consumption of dairy products and physical activity (PA) with bone mineral density (BMD).DesignCohort study with children from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort.SettingPelotas, a medium-sized Brazilian city.SubjectsThe study started in 2004 and mothers/children were interviewed/measured periodically from birth to age 6 years. PA was measured by maternal proxy at 4 and 6 years and by accelerometry at 6 years. Consumption of dairy products was measured using 24 h food recall (at 4 years) and FFQ (at 6 years). Total-body and lumbar-spine BMD (g/cm2) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsAt 6 years, BMD was measured in 3444 children and 2636 children provided data on objectively measured PA by accelerometry. Consumption of dairy products at 4 years was associated with higher lumbar-spine BMD at 6 years in boys, while current consumption was positively associated with BMD in both sexes (P < 0·001). PA assessed by maternal report at 4 and 6 years of age was associated with higher BMD at 6 years in boys. PA assessed by accelerometry was positively related to total-body and lumbar-spine BMD in boys and lumbar-spine BMD in girls. We did not find evidence for an interaction between PA and consumption of dairy products on BMD.ConclusionsWe observed positive and independent longitudinal and cross-sectional associations between consumption of dairy products and PA with BMD in the total body and at the lumbar spine in young children.
Unconscious Representations in Kant’s Early Writings
Authors: Leland Patrick R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is an emerging consensus among interpreters that in his Critical writings Kant ascribes unconscious representations to the mind. The nature and extent of this ascription over the course of Kant’s philosophical development is however not well understood. I argue that from his earliest published writings Kant consistently ascribes unconscious representations to the mind; that some of these representations are unconscious in the strong sense that they are not available to introspection; and that Kant extends his commitment to unconscious representations by ascribing to the mind unconscious acts of judging and reasoning.
Numerical Studies of Submesoscale Island Wakes in the Kuroshio
Authors: Liu Chih‐Lun , Chang Ming‐Huei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubmesoscale wake formation at Green Island (∼7 km) in the Kuroshio is examined by the three‐dimensional numerical simulations, which are validated by field observations. On the basis of geophysical (rotating and stratified) flow, the wake exhibits sequentially detached recirculation, containing upwelling of cold water, propagates downstream via advection, forming an along‐stream oscillating wake, resembling to the von K
rm
n vortex streets (VKVS). Evidence includes (1) the shedding frequency as a function of the horizontal eddy viscosity shows a trend analogous with classical wakes; (2) the wake behaviors depend on the Reynolds number (Re), where the turbulent transition regime is determined; and (3) the aspect ratio of the island wakes is similar to the ratio of the VKVS. Unlike classical wakes, the vortex street features are adapted by inertial and barotropic instabilities. The inertial instability has large growth rate and tends to slightly destabilize the anticyclonic recirculation. The barotropic instability could be a secondary process to generate eddy kinetic energy at downstream. Finally, our model suggests the hotspot of the turbulent mixing in the wake is located at the plane free shear layer as a result of the vertical shear instability, which is induced by the island‐shelf effect and the tilting of the vertical vorticity.
Controlling the coherence of a diamond spin qubit through its strain environment
Authors: Sohn Young-Ik , Meesala Srujan , Pingault Benjamin , Atikian Haig A. , Holzgrafe Jeffrey , Gündoğan Mustafa , Stavrakas Camille , Stanley Megan J. , Sipahigil Alp , Choi Joonhee , Zhang Mian , Pacheco Jose L. , Abraham John , Bielejec Edward , Lukin Mikhail D. , Atatüre Mete , Lončar Marko 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe uncontrolled interaction of a quantum system with its environment is detrimental for quantum coherence. For quantum bits in the solid state, decoherence from thermal vibrations of the surrounding lattice can typically only be suppressed by lowering the temperature of operation. Here, we use a nano-electro-mechanical system to mitigate the effect of thermal phonons on a spin qubit – the silicon-vacancy colour centre in diamond – without changing the system temperature. By controlling the strain environment of the colour centre, we tune its electronic levels to probe, control, and eventually suppress the interaction of its spin with the thermal bath. Strain control provides both large tunability of the optical transitions and significantly improved spin coherence. Finally, our findings indicate the possibility to achieve strong coupling between the silicon-vacancy spin and single phonons, which can lead to the realisation of phonon-mediated quantum gates and nonlinear quantum phononics.
Deficiency of PRKD2 triggers hyperinsulinemia and metabolic disorders
Authors: Xiao Yao , Wang Can , Chen Jia-Yu , Lu Fujian , Wang Jue , Hou Ning , Hu Xiaomin , Zeng Fanxin , Ma Dongwei , Sun Xueting , Ding Yi , Zhang Yan , Zheng Wen , Liu Yuli , Shang Haibao , Zhu Wenzhen , Han Chensheng , Zhang Yulin , Ouyang Kunfu , Chen Liangyi , Chen Ju , Xiao Rui-Ping , Li Chuan-Yun , Zhang Xiuqin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHyperinsulinemia is the earliest symptom of insulin resistance (IR), but a causal relationship between the two remains to be established. Here we show that a protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) nonsense mutation (K410X) in two rhesus monkeys with extreme hyperinsulinemia along with IR and metabolic defects by using extreme phenotype sampling and deep sequencing analyses. This mutation reducesPRKD2at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Taking advantage of aPRKD2-KOmouse model, we demonstrate thatPRKD2deletion triggers hyperinsulinemia which precedes to IR and metabolic disorders in thePRKD2ablation mice.PRKD2deficiency promotes β-cell insulin secretion by increasing the expression and activity of L-type Ca2+channels and subsequently augmenting high glucose- and membrane depolarization-induced Ca2+influx. Altogether, these results indicate that down-regulation ofPRKD2is involved in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinemia which, in turn, results in IR and metabolic disorders.
Value added transformation of ubiquitous substrates into highly efficient and flexible electrodes for water splitting
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Atharva , Dixit Harsha , Majee Rahul , Bhattacharyya Sayan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHerein, we present an innovative approach for transforming commonly available cellulose paper into a flexible and catalytic current collector for overall water splitting. A solution processed soak-and-coat method of electroless plating was used to render a piece of paper conducting by conformably depositing metallic nickel nanoparticles, while still retaining the open macroporous framework. Proof-of-concept paper-electrodes are realized by modifying nickel-paper current collector with model electrocatalysts nickel-iron oxyhydroxide and nickel-molybdenum bimetallic alloy through electrodeposition route. The paper-electrodes demonstrate exceptional activities towards oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, requiring overpotentials of 240 and 32 mV at 50 and −10 mA cm−2, respectively, even as they endure extreme mechanical stress. The generality of this approach is demonstrated by fabricating similar electrodes on cotton fabric, which also show high activity. Finally, a two-electrode paper-electrolyzer is constructed which can split water with an efficiency of 98.01%, and exhibits robust stability for more than 200 h.
Similar temperature scale for valence changes in Kondo lattices with different Kondo temperatures
Authors: Kummer K. , Geibel C. , Krellner C. , Zwicknagl G. , Laubschat C. , Brookes N. B. , Vyalikh D. V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Kondo model predicts that both the valence at low temperatures and its temperature dependence scale with the characteristic energy TK of the Kondo interaction. Here, we study the evolution of the 4f occupancy with temperature in a series of Yb Kondo lattices using resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy. In agreement with simple theoretical models, we observe a scaling between the valence at low temperature and TK obtained from thermodynamic measurements. In contrast, the temperature scale Tv at which the valence increases with temperature is almost the same in all investigated materials while the Kondo temperatures differ by almost four orders of magnitude. This observation is in remarkable contradiction to both naive expectation and precise theoretical predictions of the Kondo model, asking for further theoretical work in order to explain our findings. Our data exclude the presence of a quantum critical valence transition in YbRh2Si2.
Hypoxia induces senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via altered gut microbiota
Authors: Xing Junyue , Ying Yongquan , Mao Chenxi , Liu Yiwei , Wang Tingting , Zhao Qian , Zhang Xiaoling , Yan Fuxia , Zhang Hao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSystemic chronic hypoxia is a feature of many diseases and may influence the communication between bone marrow (BM) and gut microbiota. Here we analyse patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) who are experiencing chronic hypoxia and characterize the association between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and gut microbiome under systemic hypoxia. We observe premature senescence of BMSCs and abnormald-galactose accumulation in patients with CCHD. The hypoxia that these patients experience results in an altered diversity of gut microbial communities, with a remarkable decrease in the number ofLactobacilliand a noticeable reduction in the amount of enzyme-degradedd-galactose. Replenishing chronic hypoxic rats withLactobacillusreduced the accumulation ofd-galactose and restored the deficient BMSCs. Together, our findings show that chronic hypoxia predisposes BMSCs to premature senescence, which may be due to gut dysbiosis and thus inducedd-galactose accumulation.
Caring for individuals with a difference of sex development (DSD): a Consensus Statement
Authors: Cools Martine , Nordenström Anna , Robeva Ralitsa , Hall Joanne , Westerveld Puck , Flück Christa , Köhler Birgit , Berra Marta , Springer Alexander , Schweizer Katinka , Pasterski Vickie ,   on behalf of the COST Action BM1303 working group 1
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe term differences of sex development (DSDs; also known as disorders of sex development) refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital conditions affecting human sex determination and differentiation. Several reports highlighting suboptimal physical and psychosexual outcomes in individuals who have a DSD led to a radical revision of nomenclature and management a decade ago. Whereas the resulting recommendations for holistic, multidisciplinary care seem to have been implemented rapidly in specialized paediatric services around the world, adolescents often experience difficulties in finding access to expert adult care and gradually or abruptly cease medical follow-up. Many adults with a DSD have health-related questions that remain unanswered owing to a lack of evidence pertaining to the natural evolution of the various conditions in later life stages. This Consensus Statement, developed by a European multidisciplinary group of experts, including patient representatives, summarizes evidence-based and experience-based recommendations for lifelong care and data collection in individuals with a DSD across ages and highlights clinical research priorities. By doing so, we hope to contribute to improving understanding and management of these conditions by involved medical professionals. In addition, we hope to give impetus to multicentre studies that will shed light on outcomes and comorbidities of DSD conditions across the lifespan.
Efficient Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Primates with Neuronavigation-Guided Ultrasound and Real-Time Acoustic Mapping
Authors: Wu Shih-Ying , Aurup Christian , Sanchez Carlos Sierra , Grondin Julien , Zheng Wenlan , Kamimura Hermes , Ferrera Vincent P. , Konofagou Elisa E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBrain diseases including neurological disorders and tumors remain under treated due to the challenge to access the brain, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery which, also profoundly limits the development of pharmacological treatment. Focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles is the sole method to open the BBB noninvasively, locally, and transiently and facilitate drug delivery, while translation to the clinic is challenging due to long procedure, targeting limitations, or invasiveness of current systems. In order to provide rapid, flexible yet precise applications, we have designed a noninvasive FUS and monitoring system with the protocol tested in monkeys (from in silico preplanning and simulation, real-time targeting and acoustic mapping, to post-treatment assessment). With a short procedure (30 min) similar to current clinical imaging duration or radiation therapy, the achieved targeting (both cerebral cortex and subcortical structures) and monitoring accuracy was close to the predicted 2-mm lower limit. This system would enable rapid clinical transcranial FUS applications outside of the MRI system without a stereotactic frame, thereby benefiting patients especially in the elderly population.
Helicobacter pylori-infected C57BL/6 mice with different gastrointestinal microbiota have contrasting gastric pathology, microbial and host immune responses
Authors: Ge Zhongming , Sheh Alexander , Feng Yan , Muthupalani Sureshkumar , Ge Lili , Wang Chuanwu , Kurnick Susanna , Mannion Anthony , Whary Mark T. , Fox James G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractC57BL/6 (B6) mice from Taconic Sciences (Tac) and the Jackson Laboratory (Jax) were infected with H. pylori PMSS1 (Hp) for 16 week; there was no significant difference in the gastric histologic activity index between Hp infected Tac and Jax B6. However, the degree of gastric mucous metaplasia and Th1-associated IgG2c levels in response to Hp infection were increased in Tac mice over Jax mice, whereas the colonization levels of gastric Hp were higher by 8-fold in Jax B6 compared with Tac B6. Additionally, mRNA expression of gastric Il-1β, Il-17A and RegIIIγ were significantly lower in the infected Tac compared to the infected Jax mice. There were significant differences in the microbial community structures in stomach, colon, and feces between Jax and Tac B6 females. Differences in gastric microbial communities between Jax and Tac B6 females are predicted to affect the metagenome. Moreover, Hp infection perturbed the microbial community structures in the stomach, colon and feces of Jax mice, but only altered the colonic microbial composition of Tac mice. Our data indicate that the GI microbiome of Tac B6 mice is compositionally distinct from Jax B6 mice, which likely resulted in different pathological, immunological, and microbial responses to Hp infection.
Molecule-based microelectromechanical sensors
Authors: Urdampilleta Matias , Ayela Cedric , Ducrot Pierre-Henri , Rosario-Amorin Daniel , Mondal Abhishake , Rouzières Mathieu , Dechambenoit Pierre , Mathonière Corine , Mathieu Fabrice , Dufour Isabelle , Clérac Rodolphe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncorporating functional molecules into sensor devices is an emerging area in molecular electronics that aims at exploiting the sensitivity of different molecules to their environment and turning it into an electrical signal. Among the emergent and integrated sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are promising for their extreme sensitivity to mechanical events. However, to bring new functions to these devices, the functionalization of their surface with molecules is required. Herein, we present original electronic devices made of an organic microelectromechanical resonator functionalized with switchable magnetic molecules. The change of their mechanical properties and geometry induced by the switching of their magnetic state at a molecular level alters the device’s dynamical behavior, resulting in a change of the resonance frequency. We demonstrate that these devices can be operated to sense light or thermal excitation. Moreover, thanks to the collective interaction of the switchable molecules, the device behaves as a non-volatile memory. Our results open up broad prospects of new flexible photo- and thermo-active hybrid devices for molecule-based data storage and sensors.
Focal brain lesions induced with ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Nakata Mariko , Nagasaka Kazuaki , Shimoda Masayuki , Takashima Ichiro , Yamamoto Shinya 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLesion and inactivation methods have played important roles in neuroscience studies. However, traditional techniques for creating a brain lesion are highly invasive, and control of lesion size and shape using these techniques is not easy. Here, we developed a novel method for creating a lesion on the cortical surface via 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation without breaking the dura mater. We demonstrated that 2.0 mWh UV irradiation, but not the same amount of non-UV light irradiation, induced an inverted bell-shaped lesion with neuronal loss and accumulation of glial cells. Moreover, the volume of the UV irradiation-induced lesion depended on the UV light exposure amount. We further succeeded in visualizing the lesioned site in a living animal using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Importantly, we also observed using an optical imaging technique that the spread of neural activation evoked by adjacent cortical stimulation disappeared only at the UV-irradiated site. In summary, UV irradiation can induce a focal brain lesion with a stable shape and size in a less invasive manner than traditional lesioning methods. This method is applicable to not only neuroscientific lesion experiments but also studies of the focal brain injury recovery process.
Downregulation of Endothelin Receptor B Contributes to Defective B Cell Lymphopoiesis in Trisomy 21 Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: MacLean Glenn A. , McEldoon Jennifer , Huang Jialiang , Allred Jeremy , Canver Matthew C. , Orkin Stuart. H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIndividuals with Trisomy 21 (T21) exhibit numerous hematological abnormalities, including reductions in numbers of circulating B and T lymphocytes. To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes, we differentiated human isogenic disomic and trisomic pluripotent cells, and observed that trisomic cells showed defects in B cell, but not T cell differentiation. Global gene expression of differentiated, trisomic B cells revealed reduced expression of genes encoding endothelin signaling components, namely the Endothelin Receptor B (EDNRB), and its ligand Endothelin1 (EDN1). Depletion of EDNRB mRNA in cord blood-derived CD34+ cells led to defective B cell differentiation, supporting a hypothesis that low EDNRB expression in T21 contributes to intrinsic lymphoid defects. Further evidence for the role of the EDNRB pathway in B cell differentiation was obtained through CRISPR/Cas9 gene targeting in disomic and trisomic iPS cells. Knockout of EDNRB in both cell backgrounds reduced the capacity for B cell differentiation. Collectively, this work identifies downregulation of EDNRB as a causative factor for impaired B lymphocyte generation in trisomic cells, which may contribute to defects in immune function associated with T21. Furthermore, a novel role for endothelin signaling in regulation of B cell development has been identified.
Sour Promotes Risk-Taking: An Investigation into the Effect of Taste on Risk-Taking Behaviour in Humans
Authors: Vi Chi Thanh , Obrist Marianna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTaking risks is part of everyday life. Some people actively pursue risky activities (e.g., jumping out of a plane), while others avoid any risk (e.g., people with anxiety disorders). Paradoxically, risk-taking is a primitive behaviour that may lead to a happier life by offering a sense of excitement through self-actualization. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that sour - amongst the five basic tastes (sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami) - promotes risk-taking. Based on a series of three experiments, we show that sour has the potential to modulate risk-taking behaviour across two countries (UK and Vietnam), across individual differences in risk-taking personality and styles of thinking (analytic versus intuitive). Modulating risk-taking can improve everyday life for a wide range of people.
Preclinical evaluation of ribociclib and its synergistic effect in combination with alpelisib in non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Wong Chi-Hang , Ma Brigette B. Y. , Hui Connie W. C. , Lo Kwok-Wai , Hui Edwin P. , Chan Anthony T. C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRibociclib is a specific cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) 4/6 inhibitor that induces G1 arrest by blocking the formation of cyclin D1-Cdk4/6 complex and inhibiting retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation. Cyclin D1 is overexpressed in over 90% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and CCND1 gene activation plays a critical role in NPC pathogenesis. This study evaluated the preclinical activities of ribociclib in NPC cell lines and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. Over 95% cell growth inhibition was observed at 96 hours after ribociclib treatment. (IC50 concentrations: HK1 = 1.42 ± 0.23 µM; HK1-LMP1 = 2.18 ± 0.70 µM and C666-1 = 8.26 ± 0.92 µM). HK1 and C666-1 cells were chosen for analysis of ribociclib on kinase signaling, apoptosis and cell cycle. Treatment with ribociclib for 48 hours consistently showed a dose-dependent reduction in phosphorylated and total RB expression and G1 cycle arrest was only observed. Combining ribociclib with the alpha-specific PI3K inhibitor alpelisib showed a synergistic effect in two NPC PDX models in nude mice. The co-treatment induced a significant reduction in tumor volume in both xeno-666 and xeno-2117 compared with ribociclib treatment alone and control (p < 0.01). In summary, ribociclib is active in NPC models and the effect on growth inhibition was augmented when combined with alpelisib. This study supports the clinical evaluation of ribociclib in NPC.
The Effects of Anti-LAP Monoclonal Antibody Down-regulation of CD4+LAP+ T Cells on Allogeneic Corneal Transplantation in Mice
Authors: Li Shang , Lu Hongshuang , Sella Ruti , Zhang Wei , Dong Hongwei , Guo Chungang , Afshari Natalie A. , Pan Zhiqiang , Jie Ying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCD4+latency-associated peptide (LAP)+ T cells are a newly discovered T cell subset with suppressive function on immune responses. In this study, we investigate the role of CD4+LAP+ T cells on mice corneal allograft survival by down-regulating their expression using anti-LAP mAb. We show that a blockage of LAP leads to a decrease in the percentage of T cells expressing CD4+Foxp3+, CD4+GARP+, CD4+LAP+ and CD4+IL-10+ in the lymph nodes and spleens of mice undergoing orthotopic penetrating transplantation of corneal allograft, without affecting corneal graft survival. In addition, higher percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-17A+ T cells in the lymph nodes and spleens, as well as TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-6 levels in the aqueous humor, significantly increase in mice with rejected corneal grafts. The expression of TGF-β1 decreases in corneal grafts during corneal rejection period. It is therefore possible that anti-LAP mAb can down-regulate the regulatory T cell subsets with its immunosuppressive effects. The rejection of corneal grafts seems to mainly be associated with the up-regulation of Th1 and Th17 cell subsets in peripheral lymph nodes.