bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restraint stress of male mice induces apoptosis in spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells: role of the FasL/Fas system†
Authors: Xiao Bin , Li Xiao , Feng Xiu-Yun , Gong Shuai , Li Zhi-Bin , Zhang Jie , Yuan Hong-Jie , Tan Jing-He 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which psychological stress impairs semen quality are largely unknown. By using a restraint-stressed mouse model, we studied the role of the FasL/Fas system in psychological stress-induced apoptosis of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells. Male mice were restrained for 48 h before examination for sperm fertilizing potential and for apoptosis and FasL/Fas expression in spermatozoa, spermatogenetic cells/seminiferous tubules, and caudae epididymides. The results showed that the male restraint reduced motility, fertilization rates, and mitochondrial membrane potential while increasing apoptosis and Fas expression in spermatozoa. Restraint also facilitated apoptosis and FasL/Fas expression in spermatogenic cells/seminiferous tubules and caudae epididymides. The restraint-induced apoptosis in spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells was significantly ameliorated in gld mice that harbor a loss-of-function mutation in FasL. However, incubation with FasL did not affect sperm motility and apoptosis, while incubation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α did. The epididymis of the gld mice produced significantly less TNF-α and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) than that of wild-type mice did after male restraint. Thus, the results confirmed that the FasL/Fas system played an important role in the psychological stress-induced apoptosis of spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells and that FasL triggered sperm apoptosis in epididymis dependently through promoting TNF-α and TRAIL secretion.
A Comprehensive Analysis of 2D&3D Video Watching of EEG Signals by Increasing PLSR and SVM Classification Results
Authors: Manshouri Negin , Kayikcioglu Temel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Despite the development of two- and three-dimensional (2D&3D) technology, it has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. This research is done to reveal the detailed effects of 2D in comparison with 3D technology on the human brain waves. The impact of 2D&3D video watching using electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals is studied. A group of eight healthy volunteers with the average age of 31 ± 3.06 years old participated in this three-stage test. EEG signal recording consisted of three stages: After a bit of relaxation (a), a 2D video was displayed (b), the recording of the signal continued for a short period of time as rest (c), and finally the trial ended. Exactly the same steps were repeated for the 3D video. Power spectrum density (PSD) based on short time Fourier transform (STFT) was used to analyze the brain signals of 2D&3D video viewers. After testing all the EEG frequency bands, delta and theta were extracted as the features. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Support vector machine (SVM) classification algorithms were considered in order to classify EEG signals obtained as the result of 2D&3D video watching. Successful classification results were obtained by selecting the correct combinations of effective channels representing the brain regions.
Clinical utility of the 2016 ASE/EACVI recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in the stratification of post-discharge prognosis in patients with acute heart failure
Authors: Machino-Ohtsuka Tomoko , Seo Yoshihiro , Ishizu Tomoko , Hamada-Harimura Yoshie , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Sato Kimi , Sai Seika , Sugano Akinori , Obara Kenichi , Yoshida Ikuo , Nishi Isao , Aonuma Kazutaka , Ieda Masaki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has prognostic significance in heart failure (HF). We aimed to assess the impact of LVDD grade stratified by the updated 2016 echocardiographic algorithm (DD2016) on post-discharge outcomes in patients admitted for acute HF and compare with the previous 2009 algorithm (DD2009).

Methods and results
The study included 481 patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF. Comprehensive echocardiography and LVDD evaluation were performed just before hospital discharge. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and readmission for HF. The concordance between DD2016 and DD2009 was moderate (κ = 0.44, P < 0.001); the reclassification rate was 39%. During the follow-up (median: 15 months), 127 (26%) patients experienced the primary endpoint. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, Grade III in DD2016 showed a lower event-free survival rate than Grades I and II (log rank, P < 0.001 and P = 0.048, respectively) and was independently associated with a higher incidence of the primary endpoint than Grade I [hazard ratio 1.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–3.04; P = 0.009]. Grade II or III in DD2016, reflecting elevation of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, added an incremental predictive value of the primary endpoint to clinical variables irrespective of LV ejection fraction. DD2016 was comparable to DD2009 in predicting the endpoint (net reclassification improvement = 11%; 95% CI −7% to 30%, P = 0.23).

Conclusion
Despite simplification of the algorithm for LVDD evaluation, the prognostic value of DD2016 for post-discharge cardiovascular events in HF patients was maintained and not compromised in comparison with DD2009.
Long-term blood pressure trajectories and incident atrial fibrillation in women and men: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Sharashova Ekaterina , Wilsgaard Tom , Ball Jocasta , Morseth Bente , Gerdts Eva , Hopstock Laila A , Mathiesen Ellisiv B , Schirmer Henrik , Løchen Maja-Lisa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
To explore sex-specific associations between long-term individual blood pressure (BP) patterns and risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population.

Methods and results
Blood pressure was measured in 8376 women and 7670 men who attended at least two of the three population-based Tromsø Study surveys conducted in 1986–87, 1994–95, and 2001. Participants were followed for incident AF throughout 2013. Latent mixed modelling was used to identify long-term trajectories of systolic BP and hypertension. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between the identified trajectories and incident AF. Elevated systolic BP throughout the exposure period (1986–2001) independently and differentially increased risk of AF in women and men. In women, having elevated systolic BP trajectories doubled AF risk compared to having persistently low levels, irrespective of whether systolic BP increased, decreased, or was persistently high over time, with hazard ratios of 1.88 (95% confidence interval 1.37–2.58), 2.32 (1.61–3.35), and 1.94 (1.28–2.94), respectively. In men, those with elevated systolic BP that continued to increase over time had a 50% increased AF risk: 1.51 (1.09–2.10). When compared to those persistently normotensive, women developing hypertension during the exposure period, and women and men with hypertension throughout the exposure period had 1.40 (1.06–1.86), 2.75 (1.99–3.80), and 1.36 (1.10–1.68) times increased risk of AF, respectively.

Conclusion
Long-term BP and hypertension trajectories were associated with increased incidence of AF in both women and men, but the associations were stronger in women.
Developing a Short Multidimensional Measure of Pain Self-efficacy: The Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale-Short Form
Authors: Cheng Sheung-Tak , Chen Phoon Ping , Chow Yu Fat , Chung Joanne W Y , Law Alexander C B , Lee Jenny S W , Leung Edward M F , Tam Cindy W C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The 22-item Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale (CPSS) measures three domains of pain self-efficacy: pain management, physical functioning, and coping with symptoms. This study aims to develop a short form (CPSS-SF) that retains the multidimensional structure of the instrument.

Research Design and Methods
Six hundred sixty-four community-dwelling Chinese older adults aged 60–95 years with chronic pain completed a survey. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted on the 22-item CPSS. Regression analyses were performed to examine the items’ correlations with criterion variables. After CPSS-SF items were selected, the performance of CPSS-SF subscales in terms of accounting for pain-related outcomes was compared with the full version.

Results
CFA supported a modified 3-factor model of the CPSS. On the basis of factor loadings on the 3 dimensions and the items’ correlations with pain intensity and pain disability, 11 items were selected for the CPSS-SF, which correlated at .97 with the full version. Regression analyses showed that the associations of the CPSS-SF subscales with pain intensity, pain disability, depressive symptoms, instrumental activities of daily living, and physical and mental health-related quality of life, were indistinguishable from their full-version counterparts.

Discussion and Implications
The CPSS-SF is a valid instrument that can be used in lieu of the full scale. Its availability will facilitate the assessment of pain self-efficacy in research and clinical settings due to its brevity but strong psychometric properties. However, the current evidence is limited to Chinese older adults; more research is needed to ascertain its validity in other age and cultural groups.
Shades of Blue and Gray: A Comparison of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for Assessment of Depression Syndrome in Later Life
Authors: Dang Linh , Dong Liming , Mezuk Briana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Psychiatric research lacks the equivalent of a thermometer, that is, a tool that accurately measures mental disorder regardless of context. Instead, the psychometric properties of scales that purport to assess psychopathology must be continuously evaluated. To that end, this study evaluated the diagnostic agreement between the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-8) and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview—short form (CIDI-SF) in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Research Design and Methods
Data come from 17,613 respondents aged &gt;50 from the 2014 wave of the HRS. Kappa coefficients were used to assess the agreement between the 2 instruments on depression classification across a range of thresholds for identifying case status, including variation across subgroups defined by age, race/ethnicity, and gender.

Results
The point prevalence of depression syndrome estimated by the CESD was higher than that estimated by the CIDI-SF (CESD: 9.9%–19.5% depending on the cutoff applied to the CESD vs CIDI-SF: 7.7%). Assuming CIDI-SF as the gold standard, the CESD yielded a sensitivity of 56.2%–70.2% and specificity of 84.7%–94.0% across the range of cutoffs. The agreement on depression classification was weak (κ = 0.32–0.44).

Discussion and Implications
Depression cases identified by the CESD have poor agreement with those identified by the CIDI-SF. Conceptually, psychological distress as measured by the CESD is not interchangeable with depression syndrome as measured by the CIDI-SF. Population estimates of depression among older adults based on the CESD should be interpreted with caution.
Regeneration-Competent and -Incompetent Murids Differ in Neutrophil Quantity and Function
Authors: Cyr Jennifer L , Gawriluk Thomas R , Kimani John M , Rada Balázs , Watford Wendy T , Kiama Stephen G , Seifert Ashley W , Ezenwa Vanessa O 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRegeneration is rare in mammals, but spiny mice (Acomys spp.) naturally regenerate skin and ear holes. Inflammation is thought to inhibit regeneration during wound healing, but aspects of inflammation contribute to both regeneration and pathogen defense. We compared neutrophil traits among uninjured, regeneration-competent (Acomys: A. cahirinus, A. kempi, A. percivali) and -incompetent (Mus musculus: Swiss Webster, wild-caught strains) murids to test for constitutive differences in neutrophil quantity and function between these groups. Neutrophil quantity differed significantly among species. In blood, Acomys had lower percentages of circulating neutrophils than Mus; and in bone marrow, Acomys had higher percentages of band neutrophils and lower percentages of segmented neutrophils. Functionally, Acomys and Mus neutrophils did not differ in their ability to migrate or produce reactive oxygen species, but Acomys neutrophils phagocytosed more fungal zymosan. Despite this enhanced phagocytosis activity, Acomys neutrophils were not more effective than Mus neutrophils at killing Escherichia coli. Interestingly, whole blood bacteria killing was dominated by serum in Acomys versus neutrophils only or neutrophils and serum in Mus, suggesting that Acomys primarily rely on serum to kill bacteria whereas Mus do not. These subtle differences in neutrophil traits may allow regeneration-competent species to offset damaging effects of inflammation without compromising pathogen defense.
An implicit class of continuous dynamical system with data-sample outputs: a robust approach
Authors: Juarez Raymundo , Azhmyakov Vadim , Espinoza A Tadeo , Salas Francisco G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem of robust control for a class of nonlinear dynamical systems in the continuous time domain. We deal with nonlinear models described by differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) in the presence of bounded uncertainties. The full model of the control system under consideration is completed by linear sampling-type outputs. The linear feedback control design proposed in this manuscript is created by application of an extended version of the conventional invariant ellipsoid method. Moreover, we also apply some specific Lyapunov-based descriptor techniques from the stability theory of continuous systems. The above combination of the modified invariant ellipsoid approach and descriptor method makes it possible to obtain the robustness of the designed control and to establish some well-known stability properties of dynamical systems under consideration. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is illustrated by a computational example. A brief discussion on the main implementation issue is also included.
Rv1075c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a GDSL-Like Esterase and Is Important for Intracellular Survival
Authors: Yang Dong , He Xiaoping , Li Shaoji , Liu Jiawang , Stabenow Jennifer , Zalduondo Lillian , White Stephen , Kong Ying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis lipid metabolism pathways facilitate access to carbon and energy sources during infection. M. tuberculosis gene Rv1075c was annotated as a conserved hypothetical protein. We identified that Rv1075c amino acid sequence shares similarities with other bacterial lipase/esterases and we demonstrated that it has esterase activity, with preference for short-chain fatty acids, particularly acetate, with highest activity at 45°C, pH 9. Site-direct mutagenesis revealed its activity triad as Ser80, Asp244, and His247. We further determined that rRv1075c hydrolyzed triacetin and tributyrin, and it was mainly distributed in cell wall and membrane. Its expression was induced at pH 4.5, mimicking the acidic phagosome of macrophages. Mutation of Rv1075c led to reduced bacterial growth in THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages, and attenuated M. tuberculosis infection in mice. Our data suggest that Rv1075c is involved in ester and fatty acid metabolism inside host cells.
Treatment status and safety of crizotinib in 2028 Japanese patients with ALK-positive NSCLC in clinical settings
Authors: Ueno Naomi , Banno Shigeo , Endo Yutaka , Tamura Motoko , Sugaya Katsuko , Hashigaki Satoshi , Ohki Emiko , Yoshimura Akinobu , Gemma Akihiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivePost-marketing surveillance (PMS) was performed in Japan to obtain information on the safety and efficacy of crizotinib.MethodsTarget patients included almost all patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung cancer who were administered crizotinib. The observation period was 52 weeks. In the present study, we focused on the treatment status and safety of crizotinib therapy and analyzed the real-world data obtained by this PMS (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01597258).ResultsThe safety analysis set included 2028 Japanese patients, and more than half of the patients (56.4%) were nonsmokers. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was 91.6%, and common ADRs (incidence ≥15%) were nausea (32.2%), diarrhea (24.3%), photopsia (18.9%), vomiting (17.5%) and dysgeusia (16.8%). Many patients (623 patients) discontinued treatment of crizotinib because of adverse events within 12 weeks after therapy initiation, which tended to frequently occur in the following cases: (1) elderly, (2) body weight <40 kg, (3) body surface area <1.2 m2 (4) ECOG PS 2–4, (5) higher Brinkman index and (6) history of occupational/environmental exposure such as asbestos/pneumoconiosis. The proportions of patients remaining on crizotinib therapy were 68.2% for 3 months, 55.2% for 6 months and 36.1% for 12 months, with a median duration of 7.9 months. Multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazard model identified 10 statistically significant patient background factors influencing the duration of crizotinib therapy.ConclusionsNo new safety concerns were observed in this PMS study. Our results provide useful information regarding the status of crizotinib therapy in the clinical setting.
Safety Comparison of Two Enterovirus 71 (EV71) Inactivated Vaccines in Yiwu, China
Authors: Luo Shuying , Wu Fei , Ye Xiaojun , Fu Tao , Tao Jingbo , Luo Weibiao , Wang Ying , Jia Jianwei , Lou Lingqiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe safety of two kinds of post-marketing enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine in China was evaluated in this study. Fourteen vaccination clinics were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio, and both children in two groups were administered according to a two-dose schedule (on a 0 and 28 day schedule). Written informed consent was obtained, and recipients in this study were observed for 30 min after inoculation in the clinic, and then followed via phone or on-site follow-up at day 3 and 30. No severe EV71-associated adverse event was reported. No significant difference was noticed between Group Sinovac and Group CAMS (χz = 0.346, p = 0.556). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of adverse events among recipients aged less than 24 months; however, the proportion of adverse events was higher in Group CAMS than in Group Sinovac among the subjects aged 24–35 months (5.3% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). The two kinds of EV71 vaccines showed satisfactory safety. Adverse events after vaccination were normal and acceptable.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency genotypes and allele frequencies in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia
Authors: Haiyambo Daniel H , Ilunga Alex , Nangombe Ruth , Ababio Grace , Hatuikulipi Toini , Aleksenko Larysa , Misihairabgwi Jane , Uusiku Petrina , Pernica Jeffrey M , Greco Beatrice , Quaye Isaac K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNamibia has made significant gains in the fight against malaria, with a target of elimination by 2023. We examined the genotype and allele frequencies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency to inform decisions on primaquine use, as we recently detected clusters of Plasmodium ovale curtisi in Kavango.MethodsA multistaged cross-sectional sampling method was used to enrol 212 children 2–9 y of age from schools and clinics in the Okavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia. Genotypes for the 202 G→A and 376 A→G mutations were assigned by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsOf the 212 subjects enrolled, genotypes were available for 210, made up of 61 males and 149 females. G6PD-deficient males (hemizygotes) and females (homozygotes) constituted 3.27% (2/61) and 0.0% (0/149), respectively. Female heterozygotes (AA− and BA−) constituted 10.07% (15/149), while G6PD wild-type males (with A or B haplotype) and females (with AA, BB or AB haplotypes) consisted of 96.72% (59/61) and 89.93% (134/149), respectively. The A−, A and B allele frequencies were 0.0474, 0.3036 and 0.6490, respectively. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium tests for female genotype frequencies did not show deviation (p=0.29).ConclusionsThe frequency of G6PD deficiency alleles in males in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia constitute 3.27%, a first report to inform policy on primaquine role out.
A systematic approach to describing fractures
Authors: Bolander Sarah 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Clinicians, including practitioners in primary care and across numerous specialties, are essential to the interpretation of imaging for correlating clinical presentation with fracture identification on plain radiographs. A comprehensive review of radiographs lets clinicians document findings accurately and communicate these findings to colleagues, specialists, and patients. This article reviews fracture terminology that clinicians need to provide better understanding of the injury and direct appropriate management.
Dynamic 3D Reconstruction of Thoracic Cage and Abdomen in Children and Adolescents With Scoliosis: Preliminary Results of Optical Reflective Motion Analysis Assessment
Authors: Xun FuXing , Canavese Federico , Xu HongWen , Kaelin André , Li YiQiang , Dimeglio Alain 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In patients with untreated scoliosis or in those with posterior spinal instrumented fusion (PSF), the movements of neither the thoracic cage (ThC) nor the abdomen (ABD) during quiet and deep breathing have been well defined in the literature. The purpose of this study was to evaluate kinematic variations in the ThC and ABD during quiet and deep breathing by optical reflective motion analysis (ORMA) in children with scoliosis.

Methods:
The study included 6 healthy children (group A), 7 subjects with untreated scoliosis over 50 degrees (group B), and 8 patients with scoliosis treated by PSF (group C). After anthropometric measurements (standing height, sitting height, arm span, chest perimeter, body weight, body mass index, T1-T12, and L1-L5 length) were obtained, the movements of subjects during quiet and deep breathing were measured with a 10-camera 3-dimensional ORMA system (82 markers) with the subjects in a standard standing position.

Results:
No significant differences were observed in sex, age, weight, height, or arm span (P>0.05). Significant differences were observed in the chest perimeter, Cobb angle, and body mass index (P<0.05). ThC and ABD movements during quiet and deep breathing decreased significantly in group B and C when compared with group A (P<0.05). Group B showed decreased expansion of the ThC (−52.4% to −58.3%) and relatively increased motion of the ABD compared with groups A and C (P<0.001). However, ABD expansion remained lower in group B than in groups A and C (−32.8% and −5.7%). PSF does not completely eliminate transverse plane kinematics, although a greater reduction was observed at instrumented than noninstrumented levels (−60.8% vs. −35.1%; P<0.05).

Conclusions:
ORMA is a useful tool for assessing alterations in the kinematics of the ThC and ABD caused by severe scoliosis and/or PSF. Compared with normal subjects, patients with severe scoliosis had poorer and less effective kinematics of the ThC and ABD. In contrast, operated subjects had better and more effective kinematics of the ThC and ABD, breathing curves, thoracic expansion, and abdominal movements closer to normal compared with patients with severe, untreated deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.