bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Errors on a C-Type Gear with a Parabolic Surface
Authors: Yang Hsueh-Cheng , Chang Ching-Sheng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
An asymmetric tooth is used to develop a mathematical model of an imaginary skewed rack cutter. Using this imaginary skewed rack cutter and the theory of gearing, a pair of helical gears with asymmetric, straight teeth and a parabolic surface is created. Using tooth contact analysis, this mathematical model of a pair of helical gears with a parabolic surface is used to study the kinematic errors that occur because of assembly errors. Using a computer-aided software package to simulate the scenario, the kinematic errors for the gear set when it is ideally assembled and inaccurately assembled are presented. The contact pattern between the pair of helical gears is obtained. A pair of helical gears is created by rapid prototype machining and is used to observe the actual contact conditions of the gears.
Rapid Method for Determining the Distribution of Residual Stresses in Pipes
Authors: Shimov G. V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the method of longitudinal residual stress measurement on inner and outer pipe surface layers, which is used for calculation of the distribution of all residual stresses over the wall thickness. The method proposed is applicable in cases of stresses that are opposite in sign and exist inside and outside the pipe. Moreover, in accordance with the hypothesis of a parabolic circumferential and longitudinal distribution of residual stresses, this paper proposes the calculation method of stress distribution by measured ultimate stresses of the same sign inside and outside the pipe. The method is suitable for use in the express laboratory of a workshop that produces cold-formed seamless pipes.
Clinical diagnosis of Graves’ or non-Graves’ hyperthyroidism compared to TSH receptor antibody test
Authors: Bell Lauren , Hunter Ann Louise , Kyriacou Angelos , Mukherjee Annice , Syed Akheel A 
Published: March 2018

Background
TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for the autoimmunity of Graves’ disease (GD), which is commonly diagnosed clinically.

Aim
To evaluate the true positive (sensitivity) and true negative (specificity) rates of clinical diagnosis of GD or non-GD hyperthyroidism compared to the TRAb test.

Setting
University teaching hospital in North West England.

Participants
Patients in the Endocrinology service who had a TRAb measurement between December 2009 and October 2015.

Methods
Electronic patient records were studied retrospectively for a pre-TRAb clinical diagnosis of GD or non-GD hyperthyroidism. We examined descriptive statistics and binary classification tests; Fisher exact test was used to analyse contingency tables.

Results
We identified 316 patients with a mean age of 45 (range, 17–89) years; 247 (78%) were women. Compared to the TRAb result, clinical diagnosis had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity 66%, positive predictive value 72%, negative predictive value 84%, false negative rate 12%, false positive rate 34%, positive likelihood ratio 2.6 and negative likelihood ratio 0.2 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Clinicians were liable to both over- and under-diagnose GD. The TRAb test can help reduce the number of incorrect or unknown diagnoses in the initial clinical assessment of patients presenting with hyperthyroidism.
Testicular adrenal rest tumors in boys with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, timely diagnosis and follow-up
Authors: Kocova Mirjana , Janevska Vesna , Anastasovska Violeta 
Published: March 2018

Background
Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are found in 30–94% of adult males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). We sought to explore TART appearance through yearly ultrasound examination of testes in young boys with CAH, and its association with metabolic control and genetic mutations.

Methods
Twenty-five boys with 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the age group 4–18 years diagnosed during the period 2001–2016 were included in the study. ACTH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone were measured at 4-month intervals. Growth and BMI were assessed at the time of evaluation. PCR/ACRS method was used for CYP21A2 gene analysis. Testicular ultrasound examination was performed yearly.

Results
TARTs were detected by ultrasound in 8 children at the age of 6–16 years (13.2 years average). Five had salt-wasting form, two had simple virilizing form and one had non-classic form of CAH. Significant differences in the17OHP and androstenedione levels were detected between the boys, adherent and non-adherent to therapy. Inadequate metabolic control was not different in boys with and without TART (11/17 and 5/8 respectively). No significant difference was detected in the distribution of genetic mutations or adherence to therapy between patients with and without TARTs. One patient had a mutation not reported thus far in TART and another developed leukemia.

Conclusion
TART is not rare in young boys with CAH, irrespective of the specific mutation or metabolic control. Ultrasound screening helps timely diagnosis and adjustment of therapy.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion vs multiple daily injections in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies
Authors: Rys Przemyslaw M , Ludwig-Slomczynska Agnieszka H , Cyganek Katarzyna , Malecki Maciej T 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) have shown an advantage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) over multiple daily injections (MDI) in the general type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) population. RCT data on T1DM management in pregnancy remain limited.ObjectiveWe performed a systematic review of both RCTs and non-RCTs evaluating CSII vs MDI in T1DM-complicated pregnancy.Study designElectronic databases were searched for studies comparing CSII with MDI in T1DM-complicated pregnancy.MethodsA meta-analysis provided point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Continuous outcomes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardised mean differences (SMD), and dichotomous data as relative risk (RR).ResultsThe search identified 47 studies, including 43 non-RCTs, reporting on 7824 pregnancies. The meta-analysis showed a lower HbA1c level with CSII vs MDI in the first trimester (WMD: −0.45%; 95%CI: −0.62, −0.27). This difference decreased in subsequent trimesters. Compared to MDI, therapy with CSII resulted in higher gestational weight gain (GWG) (WMD: 1.02 kg; 95%CI: 0.41, 1.62), and lower daily insulin dose requirements in the first (SMD: −0.46; 95%CI: −0.68, −0.24) and subsequent trimesters. Moreover, infants from the CSII group were more likely to be large for gestational age (LGA) (RR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.07, 1.24) and less likely to be small for gestational age (SGA) (RR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.45; 0.97).ConclusionsIn T1DM-complicated pregnancy, CSII compared to MDI therapy resulted in better first trimester glycaemic control; this difference decreased in subsequent trimesters. CSII therapy was associated with lower insulin requirements, higher GWG and altered risk for infants being LGA and SGA.
DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE EKİP ÇALIŞMASI ETKİNLİĞİNİN İŞ TATMİNİ VE HASTA GÜVENLİĞİ KÜLTÜRÜ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: DANIŞMAN Ferhat , TANIŞ Caner , GÜRSEL Mihtikar 
Published: March 2018

Amaç: Araştırmanın temel amacı diş hekimlerinin ekip çalışması etkinliğinin iş
tatmini ve hasta güvenliği kültürü üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Bir üniversitenin diş hekimliği fakültesi hastanesinde çalışan 50 diş
hekimine anket uygulayarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın amaçlarına
ulaşmak için istatistiksel yöntemlerden yararlanılmıştır. Ölçeklere
ilişkin anket güvenilirliği Cronbach
Alpha testi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Ölçeklerin demografik özelliklere göre
değişim gösterip göstermediği Bağımsız
Örneklemler t Testi ve Tek Yönlü
Varyans Analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Ölçeklerin kendi aralarındaki
ilişkileri Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı
ile incelenmiştir. Ekip çalışması etkinliğinin iş tatmini ve iş görenlerin hasta güvenliği kültürü üzerine
etkisi Basit Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi ve İkili Lojistik Regresyon Analizi ile tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular:Araştırma yapılan hastanede görev yapan diş hekimleri arasındaki ekip
çalışması etkinliğinin iş tatmini ve hasta güvenliği kültürü üzerinde
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ekip
çalışması etkinliği ile iş tatmini ve hasta güvenliği kültürü arasında pozitif
bir ilişki vardır. Araştırma amaçlarından biri olan ölçek değerlerinin
demografik özelliklere göre farklılığının belirlenmesi konusunda ekip çalışması
etkinliğinde Ortodonti ve Restoratif Diş Tedavisi anabilim dalları arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Çalışanların
çalıştığı kurumdaki hizmet süreleri açısından hasta güvenliği kültürleri
arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar:Araştırma
sonuçlarına göre diş hekimleri arasındaki ekip çalışması etkinliğinin çalışılan
işten memnun olma ve hasta güvenliği kültürüne sahip olma üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin
olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler:Diş hekimliği, Ekip
Çalışması Etkinliği, İş Tatmini, Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü
Mitochondrial Recombination Reveals Mito–Mito Epistasis in Yeast
Authors: Wolters John F , Charron Guillaume , Gaspary Alec , Landry Christian R , Fiumera Anthony C , Fiumera Heather L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) provides adaptive potential although the underlying genetic architecture of fitness components within mtDNAs is not known. To dissect functional variation within mtDNAs, we first identified naturally occurring mtDNAs that conferred high or low fitness in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by comparing growth in strains containing identical nuclear genotypes but different mtDNAs. During respiratory growth under temperature and oxidative stress conditions, mitotype effects were largely independent of nuclear genotypes even in the presence of mito–nuclear interactions. Recombinant mtDNAs were generated to determine fitness components within high- and low-fitness mtDNAs. Based on phenotypic distributions of isogenic strains containing recombinant mtDNAs, we found that multiple loci contributed to mitotype fitness differences. These mitochondrial loci interacted in epistatic, nonadditive ways in certain environmental conditions. Mito–mito epistasis (i.e., nonadditive interactions between mitochondrial loci) influenced fitness in progeny from four different crosses, suggesting that mito–mito epistasis is a widespread phenomenon in yeast and other systems with recombining mtDNAs. Furthermore, we found that interruption of coadapted mito–mito interactions produced recombinant mtDNAs with lower fitness. Our results demonstrate that mito–mito epistasis results in functional variation through mitochondrial recombination in fungi, providing modes for adaptive evolution and the generation of mito–mito incompatibilities.
Institute of the Soviet Advisors in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Authors: Kovalkov Oleksandr Leonidovych 
Published: March 2018

А role and place of soldiery and civil advisers as an important instrument of soviet politics in the Democratic republic of Afghanistan are investigated in the article. It is well-proven that on a quantity, scales of activity and sphere of plenary powers the institute of soviet advisers in Afghanistan did not have analogues in history of the "cold war". The attempt of determination of degree of efficiency of realization of orders of soviet guidance by advisers is realizable. Factors that influenced on their activity are found out. Question about responsibility of soviet advisers for the failure of socialistic experiment in the Democratic republic of Afghanistan discussed in the article. Also heaved up the problem of interpretation of institute of the soviet advisers as an important instrument of the soviet occupation Afghanistan in 1979–1989. The researches based foremost on the memoirs of the soviet advisers. Like research is at first carried out in Ukrainian historiography.
M. S. Hrushevsky as an Old East Slavic chronicles researcher
Authors: Voronov Viktor Ivanovych 
Published: March 2018

The author analyzes scientific studies of M. S. Hrushevsky, which directly or indirectly are connected with Old East Slavic chronicles characteristics as specific historical sources. The article determines famous scientistʼs conceptual approaches to such topics as chronicles texts' attribution, determination of the content authenticity, information capabilities to investigate the history of the Kievan Rus'. It is ascertained, what are the main problematic issues, discrepancies, thematic and conceptual lacunae according to the M. Hrushevsky were the obstacle while researching Old East Slavic chronicles as a sources complex in the Ukrainian historiography of 20th century. The most weighty contribution was made by M. S. Hrushevsky to the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle studies. He reconstructed in depth the chronology of Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, and proved that this chronicle was firstly composed as a narrative ignoring dates. Only later some-one filled out the dates while editing the text, but "in a very random and false way". The author of the article makes a conclusion that in general M. Hrushevsky has described Old East Slavic chronicles as a "golden age of Kievan Rus' culture". However, only poor fragments of the chronicleʼs tradition remained by the turn of 20th century, being interrupted by the Mongol invasion. That's why the scientist warned historians against attributing the Old East Slavic chronicles with irrelevant "significant forms", since as reported in his researches there werenʼt enough sources to make such conclusions. The article demonstrates that the most typical features of the chronicles according to M. Hrushevsky were: significant impact of the Christian ideology, symptomatic loyalty to "knyaz-druzhina" system (governing classes in Kievan Rus'), content originality and stylistic ingenuousness, predominating collectivity and anonymity of the authorship. It is stated that Ukrainian historian has also defined main challenges for future researchers of Old East Slavic chronicles as historical sources. These challenges are aimed at the reconstruction of chronicles initial look (deprived of following supplements) through the comparison study of different collections and fragments.
The cause of Arseniy Matseevich as an "indicator" of the ideology of the church conservatism at the Catherinian age: historiographical aspect
Authors: Rudnev Mykhailo Albertovych 
Published: March 2018

On the materials of the historico-biographical treatises and furthermore the generalizing and monographic works in history of the Russian Orthodox Church and the social and political thought the historiographical appraisals and treatments of the ideological content and motivation of the church opposition to the Catherine's II policy led by metropolitan of Rostov Arseniy Matseevich is examined. This problematico-historiographical review is realized in the context of the Russian conservatismʼs origins and development from its initial oppositional version to the posterior incarnation. The Russian Pre-October and émigré "secular" historians (V. S. Ikonnikov, A. V. Kartashev) appraised Arseniy Matseevichʼs struggle against the secularization church estates decreed by Catherine II as the manifestation of the class economical egoism of the highest clergy only. These authors denied any "ideal" (spiritual and ideological) motives of his opposition to the Catherinian policy. Contrary to this viewpoint in the apologistical treatise about Arseniy Matseevich published in 1912 the priest M. S. Popov represented him as the principal ideological fighter for the Church's independence of the Catherinian absolutist regime. The Soviet historiography and the majority of the contemporary Russian historians assertes the "class egoistical" economical motivation of Arseniy Matseevichʼs opposition to the Catherinian politics and confronted his oppositional church conservatism with its "system" version personified by the metropolitan of Moscow Platon (Levshin).
Diversidad y distribución de peces y su relación con variables ambientales, en el sur del Golfo de México
Authors: Torrruco Daniel , González Alicia , González Ángel Torruco 
Published: March 2018

The Campeche Sound has a high heterogeneity of habitats, great fish species diversity, and a strong presence of oil and fishing industries. Even though some information of bento-demersal fish of the area is available, this has been focused on some economically important species. This way, our objective of this study was to obtain the ichthyofaunal spatial distribution and its relationship with this study were were to obtain updated information on a complete local fish species spatial distribution and their relationship with environmental elements, this will improve the baseline to evaluate the potential impact of future oil and fishing developments. For this, our approach used a database obtained in 2010, with a capture made in 54 sites with standard shrimp fishing trawls (60 feet long x 1¼ in. mesh size; towing time 30 min, 2 knots; 19 to 600 m depth) in the Campeche Sound. Our data analysis included: dominance, diversity, equity, assemblies, spatial management and a landscape representation of the area. We collected a total of 33 315 fish, of 80 families, 138 genera and 193 species, that corresponded to 2 502 438 kg. The fish classes Chondrichthyes and Actinopterygii predominated. A total of 17 were dominant, associated to sandy and muddy bottoms, although were species of estuarine environments, reef and pelagic habitats. Averaged diversity (H') was of 3.2 bits/individuals. In decreasing diversity order, the common fish belong to Perciformes (84 species), Pleuronectiformes (23), Scorpaeniformes (15) and Tetraodontiformes (14); in the same way, the higher richness families were Sciaenidae (15 species), Paralichthyidae (12), Carangidae (10), and Triglidae and Synodontidae (7). Most common genuses were Prionotus (6 species), Citharichthys and Sphoeroides (4 each). Per each station, richness varied between 3 and 56 species, with an average weight of 46 kg. Fish assemblage composition was different among habitats and areas, with divergent management strategies. Landscape analysis defines nodules of high density and diversity that corresponded to river mouths, lagoons and reef areas fish assemblages. Of the relation between variables and community descriptors, only the organic carbon was significant for both abundance and biomass, the REDOX for the species richness and the other variables were not important.
Transformaciones espacio-temporales de la cobertura vegetal en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, 1960- 2014
Authors: Morera Beita Carlos , Sandoval Murillo Luis Fernando , Pinto Fusaba Josep 
Published: March 2018

Regional studies evaluating spatial-temporal transformations of vegetation in Costa Rica, especially within National Parks, are scarce. Therefore, this paper analyses the vegetation distribution during 1960, 1976, 1997 and 2014 in the Corcovado National Park. This protected area is located in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica, and represents the Northern most tropical rain forest on the Pacific coast of America. This area offers a great wealth of biodiversity due to its geological formation, isolation for long time periods, and its particular climatic conditions that generate unique ecosystems such as cloud forests associated with ocean situated close to hill breezes located over 500 m a.s.l., as well as dense tropical forest. This study evaluates the spatial distribution of vegetation based on maps that resulted from the process of photo-interpretation of 1960, 1976, 1997 and 2012, as well as from the landscape index analysis. It concludes that during the study period, the vegetation changes have been minimal. Instead, in the few areas impacted by human activity (small-scale agriculture and pasture lands) an ecological restoration has occurred during recent decades. In addition, this research suggests that the recovering forest cover within the park and even within the Osa Peninsula has been expanding the cloud forest. An increase and contraction relationship between the different categories (Cloud forest and forests as well of flooded forest and forest in flat zones) was found. Furthermore, this study suggests the need of permanent plots in order to monitor vegetation and identify the factors that explain this previous process.
A fonte da fala
Authors: Vianna Josely 
Published: March 2018

Josely Vianna Baptista é autora de Ar e Corpografia (Iluminuras, 1991/92), A Concha das Mil Coisas Maravilhosas do Velho Caramujo (Mirabilia, 2001, ilust. G. Zamoner – VI Prémio Internacional del Libro Ilustrado Infantil y Juvenil do Governo do México), On the shining screen of the eyelids (Manifest, 2003, trad. Chris Daniels), Florid pores (in 1913. A journal of forms. Roanoke, 2006, trad. Daniels e Alfarano), Sol sobre nuvens (Perspectiva, 2007, apres. Augusto de Campos), Roça Barroca (Cosac Naify), entre outros. Em 2009 teve seu trabalho representado em The Oxford Book of Latin American Poetry (NY, Oxford University Press. Org. E. Livon-Grosman e C. Vicuña). Criou a coleção Cadernos da Ameríndia. Tradutora de literatura hispanoamericana, trouxe ao português obras de Roa Bastos, Lezama Lima, Onetti, Arguedas, Cortázar, Cabrera Infante e Borges, entre outros. Desde 1992 desenvolve com Francisco Faria um trabalho que associa poesia a artes visuais. Seu trabalho mais recente é o site multimídia Na tela rútila das pálpebras, feito em colaboração com diversos poetas e artistas (apoio Rumos Itaú Cultural). Mora na Ilha de Santa Catarina.
LOJİSTİK MALİYETLER ÇERÇEVESİNDE KARADENİZ LİMANLARININ MULTİMODAL TAŞIMACILIĞA UYGUNLUKLARININ ANALİZİ
Authors: GÖRÇÜN Ömer Faruk , GÖRÇÜN Özhan 
Published: March 2018

Taşımacılık
sektörünün önemi hem Dünya’da hem de Türkiye’de her geçen gün artmaktadır.
Küreselleşmenin etkisiyle müşterilerin ürünleri daha hızlı ve eksiksiz bir
biçimde talep etmelerine paralel olarak, işletmelerin ve tedarik zincirlerinin
de rekabet edebilmek için sahip oldukları lojistik hızları ve operasyonel
mükemmeliyeti artırmaları zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Daha da önemlisi, tedarik zincirleri yetersiz
kalan uygulamalarını güncellemek ve her zaman rekabette kalmalarına olanak
sağlayacak yeni yollar ve yöntemler bulmak zorunda kalmaktadırlar. Bu kapsamda,
intermodal taşımacılık yeni bir lojistik uygulama olarak giderek önem kazanmaya
başlamıştır. Bunun yanı sıra taşıma türleri ve altyapılar arasında entegrasyon
intermodal taşımacılığın etkinliği ve verimliliği açısından son derece
önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Karadeniz limanlarının intermodal taşıma sistemine
entegrasyonu ve denizyolu taşımacılığı ile diğer taşıma türleri arasında bir
koordinasyonun sağlanıp sağlanamayacağı ekonomik faktörler de göz önüne alınarak
değerlendirmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada Karadeniz limanları üzerinden
gerçekleştirilecek intermodal bağlantılar sayesinde oluşturulacak çok modlu taşıma sistemleri “multimodal” ile
tek modlu taşıma sistemlerinin etkinlikleri ve verimlilikleri lojistik
maliyetler açısından değerlendirilmiş, bu kapsamda Karadeniz limanlarının
intermodal ve kombine taşımacılık sistemlerine uyguluğu gözden geçirilmiştir.