bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver stiffness regression after successful Hepatitis C treatment is independent of HIV coinfection
Authors: Malin JJ , Boesecke C , Schwarze‐Zander C , Wasmuth JC , Schlabe S , Trebicka J , Spengler U , Llibre JM , Jou T , Vasylyev M , Clotet B , Rockstroh JK 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the regression of liver stiffness after successful direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfection and HCV/‐HIV coinfection. In addition, we aimed to identify factors associated with liver stiffness regression.MethodsWe studied patients treated with interferon‐free DAA regimens with a sustained virological response at week 12 (SVR12) or 24 (SVR24) post‐treatment. Liver stiffness was assessed by transient elastography (TE) before the initiation and after the end of treatment (median 12 weeks).ResultsOf 214 enrolled patients, 85 (40%) were HCV monoinfected and 129 (60%) HCV/HIV coinfected. Baseline median TE values were 7.8 kPa [interquartile range (IQR) 5.9–12.0 kPa] in mono‐infected patients and 10.7 kPa (IQR 7.8–17.0 kPa) in coinfected patients. Overall, the median TE value decreased from 10.1 to 6.8 kPa (n = 214; P < 0.0001). There was no difference between mono‐ and coinfected patients (−2.2 versus −3.3 kPa, respectively; P = 0.88), which was verified by an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusting for baseline TE values. Significant (≥ 30%) regression of liver stiffness was achieved by 45% of patients (54% with baseline TE ≥ 7.1 kPa). In multivariate analysis, a prior HCV treatment was a negative predictor of liver stiffness regression [odds ratio (OR) 0.31; P = 0.001]. A higher baseline TE value was positively associated with achieving a significant regression (OR 1.06; P = 0.02). HIV coinfection status, HCV genotype, age, sex, treatment duration, controlled attenuation parameter value, bilirubin concentration, platelet count and aspartate aminotransferase concentration were not associated with liver stiffness regression.ConclusionsRegression of liver stiffness after successful DAA treatment did not differ in patients with HCV monoinfection and those with HCV/HIV coinfection. Half of all patients achieved a significant (≥ 30%) regression. Prior treatment for HCV was a negative predictor for this endpoint, while a higher baseline TE value was positively associated with regression.
Livestock areas with canopy cover sustain dung beetle diversity in the humid subtropical Chaco forest
Authors: Guerra Alonso Celeste Beatriz , Zurita Gustavo A. , Bellocq M. Isabel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe assessed differences in the alpha and beta diversity of dung beetles in native forest and two livestock systems (with and without canopy cover) typical of the Argentine Chaco region and related the dung beetle assemblages to environmental conditions.Dung beetles were sampled in native forest and two livestock systems in the spring (2015–2016), in two areas of the humid Chaco region in northern Argentina. In each area, five sampling sites were selected for each habitat type, and ten pitfall traps were baited with human faeces and carrion and placed at each site.The livestock systems with canopy cover preserved the environmental conditions from the native forest (temperature and vegetation structure) and the richness and composition of the native forest dung beetle community in the two areas studied, whereas the open pastures exhibited higher ground temperature, simplified vegetation structure and lower dung beetle richness and similarity in species composition in relation to the native forest.In livestock systems of the humid Chaco, the canopy cover is the main determinant of dung beetle communities through the maintenance of temperature and humidity. In the light of these results, livestock production in silvopastoral systems preserving canopy cover can be an alternative compatible with conservation of the dung beetle diversity of native forests. Considering the central role of dung beetles in maintaining soil structure and fertility (through the relocation of cow dung), silvopastoral systems will probably maintain the productivity compared to open pastures.
Why do teachers leave? A comprehensive occupational health study evaluating intent‐to‐quit in public school teachers
Authors: Chambers Mack Jaime , Johnson Angela , Jones‐Rincon Amanda , Tsatenawa Victoria , Howard Krista 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeUtilizing data from an online comprehensive occupational health survey, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the factors most strongly associated with intent‐to‐quit the profession for public school teachers.MethodsA total of 2,588 teachers from 46 Texas school districts responded to a comprehensive occupational health survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify specific demographic, occupational, and health factors associated with intentions to quit the teaching profession within 1 year.ResultsTeachers with fewer years’ experience and alternative certificates were more likely to quit the profession. Teachers with lower organizational commitment, lower job involvement, lower perceived support, lower job control, poorer school climate, and more school problems indicated higher likelihood of leaving the profession. Poorer mental quality of life, higher levels of stress, and the presence of major depression, panic disorder, anxiety disorder, and somatization disorder were significantly related to higher intentions to quit (all ps < 0.05). The key factors related to intent‐to‐quit to be low organizational commitment, low job control, female gender, and the presence of major depressive disorder.ConclusionsWhile some of the factors associated with intent‐to‐quit are not modifiable, interventions focusing on improving workplace factors, decreasing stress, and improving mental health may help reduce attrition for public school teachers.
Effects of ipragliflozin on glycemic control, appetite and its related hormones: A prospective, multicenter, open‐label study (SOAR‐KOBE Study)
Authors: Miura Hiroshi , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Okada Yuko , Yamada Tomoko , Otowa‐Suematsu Natsu , So Anna , Komada Hisako , Hirota Yushi , Ohara Takeshi , Kuroki Yasuo , Hara Kenta , Matsuda Tomokazu , Kishi Minoru , Takeda Akihiko , Yokota Kazuki , Tamori Yoshikazu , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors improve blood glucose control, as well as reducing bodyweight by promoting urinary glucose excretion. The weight loss is less than expected from urinary glucose loss, however, likely because of an increase in food intake. To investigate whether SGLT‐2 inhibitors might increase appetite by affecting related hormones, we examined the effects of the SGLT‐2 inhibitor, ipragliflozin, including those on appetite‐regulating hormones, in individuals with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThe present prospective, multicenter, open‐label study was carried out with 96 patients with a body mass index of ≥22 kg/m2 who were treated with ipragliflozin (50 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Parameters including glycated hemoglobin level, bodyweight, circulating leptin and active ghrelin concentrations, and appetite as assessed with a visual analog scale were measured before and during treatment.ResultsBoth glycated hemoglobin level (from 7.9 ± 0.8 to 7.1 ± 0.7%) and bodyweight (from 75.2 ± 12.6 to 72.6 ± 12.4 kg) were significantly decreased after treatment for 16 weeks. The fasting serum leptin level was significantly decreased after 2 weeks (from 19.5 ± 13.1 to 18.1 ± 12.4 ng/mL) and remained decreased up to 16 weeks, even after adjustment for bodyweight, whereas the plasma active ghrelin level showed no significant change. The visual analog scale score for hunger was significantly increased at 2 and 8 weeks.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that ipragliflozin improved glycemic control and reduced bodyweight, but also reduced serum leptin levels and might thereby have increased appetite.
The Anatomy of a Philosophical Hoax
Authors: Spera Rebekah , Peña‐Guzmán David M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article reflects upon the state of the philosophical profession vis‐à‐vis a close reading of the hoax perpetrated against the International Journal of Badiou Studies in 2016. This hoax is not a subversive act of disciplinary criticism (as the hoaxers contend). Rather, it is a poorly disguised attempt to enforce a partisan and myopic conception of philosophy and to delegitimize an entire subfield of philosophical production—namely, continental philosophy. The hoax is symptomatic of a deeper problem that plagues the profession today: the willingness exhibited by many philosophers to police the boundaries of the discipline by engaging in what we call “acts of force.” The prevalence of acts of force demonstrates that professional philosophy is shaped not only by the giving and taking of reasons but also by shopworn disciplinary tribalisms (for example, continental versus analytic) and asymmetrical power relations involving agents with unequal amounts of social, professional, and philosophical capital.
RELATE: Relationship of limited sampling strategy and adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Berger Iona , Haubrich Kathryn , Ensom Mary H. H. , Carr Roxane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMMF, a prodrug converted to the active form MPA, is an immunosuppressant used to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. MPA exposure, defined by AUC, can be estimated using limited sampling strategies (LSS). The relationship between MPA AUC and clinical outcomes has not been studied in pediatrics. The objectives were to describe the relationship of MPA AUC (estimated via LSS) with adverse effects and rates of rejection, and to compare clinical outcomes between different MPA monitoring practices. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographics, adverse effects, and rejection. Thirty‐three patients (91 trough concentrations and 12 LSS sets) aged 2‐20 years old were included. The estimated median MPA AUCs (David‐Neto and Filler) were higher for those who did not have any adverse effects reported (65.85 and 85.05 mg*h/L, respectively) compared to those who had an adverse effect (60.75 and 54.2 mg*h/L, respectively). The median trough concentration when no adverse effects occurred was comparable to when adverse effects occurred. The median MPA AUC at which rejection occurred was lower than in those without rejection. The median trough concentration at which rejection occurred was higher than those without rejection (3.1 mg/L compared to 1.9 mg/L). The occurrence of adverse effects or rejection was not shown to be related to measured MPA trough or AUC outside of the target therapeutic range. The value of MPA concentration monitoring remains unclear; therefore, the practice of monitoring MPA AUC by LSS or trough concentrations should be reconsidered.
Influence of Air Temperature on the UV Exposure of Different Body Sites Due to Clothing of Young Women During Daily Errands
Authors: Schmalwieser Alois W. , Schmalwieser Veronika T. , Schmalwieser Susanne S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClothing is one of the main influencing factors for personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. Despite that, little attention was put on this topic till now. In this study, the clothing habits of young females have been investigated in dependence of meteorological conditions. Observations were made from spring to autumn during daylight in the urban region of Vienna, Austria. For this, a scheme dividing the body into six different sections was developed as well as a coding scale that corresponds to the different garments and indicates the body sites that are exposed. It was found that air temperature is the dominating factor for exposure. With increasing temperature, the first area of the body to be exposed to solar UVR is, aside from face and hands, the décolleté, followed by nape, ankles, instep and forearms. Observations further indicate that the frequency of people's being outdoors decreases significantly at temperatures higher than 30°C. This paper provides detailed frequency distributions of uncovered body sites in dependence of temperature. These can be used together with measurements of temperature and UVR to calculate the relative exposure at any time and at many locations, and could help to explain the body distribution of UVR caused skin alterations.
Overview of strategies that contribute to the environmental sustainability of pond aquaculture: rearing systems, residue treatment, and environmental assessment tools
Authors: Henares Matheus N.P. , Medeiros Mateus V. , Camargo Antonio F.M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAquaculture is responsible for almost 50% of the global production of aquatic organisms. However, the activity generates residues that cause environmental impacts. Several strategies can be adopted from the planning stage to the residue treatment to reduce these negative impacts. Alternative rearing systems, such as integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA), integrated aquaculture‐agriculture systems, recirculation systems (RAS) and biofloc (BFT), can be implemented in place of the traditional monocultures. At the residue treatment stage, the solids particles can be removed by the settlement of suspended solids in tanks or mechanical filters. The reduction in dissolved nutrients is used in biological filters, constructed wetlands or the irrigation of agricultural crops. Finally, we describe the methodologies that are used to estimate the aquaculture environmental impacts. These methodologies allow the stages and processes that have a higher environmental impact in the production chain to be identified. Among them, we can highlight the life‐cycle assessment (LCA), emergy analysis and ecological footprint. The strategies described in this study can contribute to increasing aquaculture sustainability; however, studies should be developed that focus on more than just productivity and profitability, as it is necessary to include social and environmental issues.
Oral characteristics and medical considerations in the dental treatment of individuals with Williams syndrome
Authors: Castro Talita , de Paula Martins Santos Cintia , de Oliveira Lira Ortega Adriana , Gallottini Marina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate oral characteristics and comorbidities that may affect dental treatment of individuals with Williams syndrome (WS).Methods and resultsFifty‐two subjects diagnosed with WS were included in this observational study. Demographic data and medical history were compiled. Facial aspects, tooth abnormalities and oral characteristics were obtained through clinical and radiographic evaluation by a researcher/dentist. Among 52 subjects, 25 were also evaluated for temporomandibular and occlusal disorders, caries and periodontal disease. From the 52 subjects, 23 (44.2%) were female and the average age was of 20 years old (range from 4 to 35 years old). Cognitive impairment and congenital heart disease were the most common medical disorders found in all 52 (100%) and in 41 (78.8%) subjects, respectively. Among the 52 subjects, 51 (98%) presented at least one dental developmental abnormality, with generalized diastemas (72.5%) and hypodontia (50.9%) being the most frequent ones. Angle class III malocclusion was observed in 52% (13/25) of the subjects.ConclusionsThe dentist should be aware of the medical conditions of individuals with WS and thus offer an adequate dental treatment. The high prevalence of tooth abnormalities and occlusal disorders requires an early dental treatment planning.
Use of maintenance therapy and incidence of recurrent Cytomegalovirus DNAemia among allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Camargo Jose F. , Anderson Anthony D. , Rosa Rossana , Kimble Erik , Komanduri Krishna V. , Morris Michele I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infection following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Preemptive antiviral therapy is highly effective at halting viral replication and preventing CMV disease; however, recurrence rates after clearance of CMV DNAemia are high (50‐70%). Current treatment guidelines recommend maintenance therapy after initial clearance. Yet, the effectiveness of this intervention to prevent recurrence is not well defined.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the impact of maintenance therapy on the probability of recurrent CMV in allogeneic HCT recipients with early CMV reactivation.Study designSixty‐six patients with an initial episode of early CMV reactivation who achieved viral clearance in response to preemptive therapy were included. We compared the incidence of recurrent CMV DNAemia in patients who received maintenance therapy vs those who underwent early discontinuation of antiviral therapy.ResultsRecurrence occurred in 47/64 (73%) patients, including 11/14 (79%) patients without maintenance therapy and 36/50 (72%) of patients who received maintenance therapy (P = 0.74). The propensity score adjusted risk ratio for the effect of maintenance therapy on recurrence was 0.89 (95% CI 0.64‐1.25; P = 0.41). In a time to event analysis using the unweighted cohort, the 90‐day probability of CMV recurrence was similar between patient groups independent of maintenance therapy administration (54% vs 64% for maintenance vs non‐maintenance groups, respectively; log‐rank P = 0.37).ConclusionThese data suggest that maintenance antiviral therapy does not reduce the incidence of CMV recurrence while off therapy and is of limited value in HCT recipients who have successfully eradicated CMV DNAemia in response to preemptive therapy. Larger studies in this area are needed.
Can social robots help children in healthcare contexts? A scoping review
Authors: Dawe Julia , Sutherland Craig , Barco Alex , Broadbent Elizabeth 
Published: February 2019

Objective
To review research on social robots to help children in healthcare contexts in order to describe the current state of the literature and explore future directions for research and practice.

Design
Scoping review.

Data sources
Engineering Village, IEEE Xplore, Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus databases were searched up until 10 July 2017. Only publications written in English were considered. Identified publications were initially screened by title and abstract, and the full texts of remaining publications were then subsequently screened.

Eligibility criteria
Publications were included if they were journal articles, conference proceedings or conference proceedings published as monographs that described the conceptualisation, development, testing or evaluation of social robots for use with children with any mental or physical health condition or disability. Publications on autism exclusively, robots for use with children without identified health conditions, physically assistive or mechanical robots, non-physical hardware robots and surgical robots were excluded.

Results
Seventy-three publications were included in the review, of which 50 included user studies with a range of samples. Most were feasibility studies with small sample sizes, suggesting that the robots were generally accepted. At least 26 different robots were used, with many of these still in development. The most commonly used robot was NAO. The evidence quality was low, with only one randomised controlled trial and a limited number of experimental designs.

Conclusions
Social robots hold significant promise and potential to help children in healthcare contexts, but higher quality research is required with experimental designs and larger sample sizes.
Prospective observational study of universal newborn eye screening in a hospital and community setting in New Zealand
Authors: Simkin Samantha Kaye , Misra Stuti L , Battin Malcolm , McGhee Charles N J , Dai Shuan 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveEarly detection of ocular abnormalities in newborn infants is essential for timely diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to assess wide-field digital imaging for universal newborn eye screening (UNES) to determine the prevalence of ocular abnormalities, including retinal haemorrhages, in newborn infants in New Zealand.DesignProspective ocular screening study of infants.SettingA public hospital maternity ward and a community birth centre in Auckland, New Zealand.PatientsA total of 350 infants were enrolled in UNES, those with birth weight <1250 g or gestational age <30 weeks were excluded.MethodsWide-field digital images of the external eye and retina were captured by RetCam (Natus Medical, San Carlos, California, USA) and reviewed by an ophthalmologist via an established telemedicine methodology.Main outcome measuresDetection of ocular abnormalities, including retinal haemorrhages. Correlation between haemorrhages and maternal, obstetric and neonatal factors.ResultsA total of 346 infants completed screening (median age 2 days). Retinal haemorrhages were present in 50 cases (14.5%), two cases exhibited persistent retinal haemorrhages at 6-week follow-up. A significant increase in the odds of retinal haemorrhages was present for vaginal delivery compared with caesarean section. Other ocular abnormalities, including congenital cataract and optic nerve hypoplasia, were present in 1.4% of infants.ConclusionsOcular abnormalities were detected by UNES including congenital cataract and optic nerve hypoplasia. However, retinal haemorrhages, significantly associated with delivery modality, were the most common abnormality detected. The majority of retinal haemorrhages resolved spontaneously.
Firstline a direct aspiration first pass technique versus firstline stent retriever for acute basilar artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Gengfan , Lu Jun , Qi Peng , Yin Xiaoliang , Wang Lijun , Wang Daming 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionAcute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) can result in extremely high disability and mortality. Stent retrievers (SRs) can achieve a high recanalization rate for BAO, therefore improving favorable outcomes. However, the efficacy of a direct aspiration first pass technique (ADAPT) to treat BAO is unclear. Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of firstline ADAPT with that of firstline SR for patients with acute BAO.MethodsThree databases were systematically searched for literature reporting outcomes on thrombectomy for acute BAO with both firstline ADAPT and firstline SR. The modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale was applied to assess bias risk. The random effects model was used.ResultsOf 50 articles, 5 cohort studies (2 prospective and 3 retrospective) were included in our research. 193 cases were treated with firstline ADAPT and 283 cases received firstline SR. Successful recanalization rate was significantly higher in the firstline ADAPT group (OR=2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.5). Procedure time (mean difference=−27.6 min, 95% CI −51.0 to −4.3) and the incidence of new territory embolic event (OR=0.2, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.83) was significantly less in the firstline ADAPT group. No significant difference was observed between the firstline ADAPT and firstline SR groups for rate of complete recanalization, rescue therapy, any hemorrhagic complication, favorable outcomes, or mortality at 90 days.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis suggested that for patients with acute BAO, firstline ADAPT might achieve higher and faster recanalization, comparable neurological improvement and safety compared with firstline SR. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.