bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed postprandial TAG peak after intake of SFA compared with PUFA in subjects with and without familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Øyri Linn K. L. , Hansson Patrik , Bogsrud Martin P. , Narverud Ingunn , Florholmen Geir , Leder Lena , Byfuglien Marte G. , Veierød Marit B. , Ulven Stine M. , Holven Kirsten B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPostprandial hypertriacylglycerolaemia is associated with an increased risk of developing CVD. How fat quality influences postprandial lipid response is scarcely explored in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial response of TAG and lipid sub-classes after consumption of high-fat meals with different fat quality in subjects with FH compared with normolipidaemic controls. A randomised controlled double-blind cross-over study with two meals and two groups was performed. A total of thirteen hypercholesterolaemic subjects with FH who discontinued lipid-lowering treatment 4 weeks before and during the study, and fourteen normolipidaemic controls, were included. Subjects were aged 18–30 years and had a BMI of 18·5–30·0 kg/m2. Each meal consisted of a muffin containing 60 g (70 E%) of fat, either mainly SFA (40 E%) or PUFA (40 E%), eaten in a random order with a wash-out period of 3–5 weeks between the meals. Blood samples were collected at baseline (fasting) and 2, 4 and 6 h after intake of the meals. In both FH and control subjects, the level of TAG and the largest VLDL sub-classes peaked at 2 h after intake of PUFA and at 4 h after intake of SFA. No significant differences were found in TAG levels between meals or between groups (0·25≤P≤0·72). The distinct TAG peaks may reflect differences in the postprandial lipid metabolism after intake of fatty acids with different chain lengths and degrees of saturation. The clinical impact of these findings remains to be determined.
Stage-specific feed intake restriction differentially regulates placental traits and proteome of goats
Authors: Yan Qiongxian , Xu Juanzhi , Wu Xiaosong , Su Dingding , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA total of twenty-four healthy twin-bearing Liuyang black goats were allocated to two trials. In Trial 1, twelve goats received either the control diet (CG, n 6, 100 % feed) or restricted diet (RG, n 6, 60 % feed of CG) from gestation days 26 to 65 after synchronisation. In Trial 2, the remaining goats were randomly and equally divided into two treatments: CG and RG from days 95 to 125 of gestation. Placental traits, fetal weight, serum parameters, nitric oxide (NO), angiogenesis gene expression and cotyledon proteome were measured at the end of each trial. In early pregnancy, the total and relative weights of placenta, uterine caruncle and cotyledon, as well as fetus, were increased (P<0·05) in RG. The NO content in maternal serum was also increased (P<0·05) in RG. In all, fifty differentially expressed proteins were identified in cotyledon. The up-regulated proteins are related to proliferation and fission of trophoblast cell and the placenta angiogenesis. During the late pregnancy trial, placental weight was increased (P<0·05) in RG, but weight of the fetus was decreased (P<0·05). The capillary density in the cotyledon was also decreased (P<0·01). A total of fifty-eight proteins were differentially expressed in cotyledon. The up-regulated proteins in RG are related to placenta formation, blood flow regulation and embryonic development. These results indicated that feed intake restriction during gestation influenced the placental and fetal development in a stage-dependent manner. These findings have important implications for developing novel nutrient management strategies in goat production.
Hypocholesterolaemic effect of whole-grain highland hull-less barley in rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Xia Xuejuan , Li Guannan , Song Jiaxin , Zheng Jiong , Kan Jianquan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhole-grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB) contains high amounts of bioactive compounds that potentially exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects. This study investigated the hypocholesterolaemic effect of WHLB. A total of seventy-two male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups and were fed with the normal control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD containing low or high dose (10 or 48·95 %) of WHLB. High dose of WHLB significantly decreased the organ indexes of liver and abdominal fat and lipid levels of plasma and liver in HFD rats. The lipid regulation effect of WHLB, which was reconfirmed through hepatocyte morphologic observation, was accompanied by a large excretion of bile acids in the small intestinal contents and the faeces. Real-time PCR analyses, which were further reconfirmed through Western blot analyses, revealed that a high dose of WHLB significantly enhanced the hepatic expressions of AMP-activated protein kinaseα, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, LDL receptor, liver X receptor, and PPARαand decreased the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. It also enhanced the ileal expression of farnesoid X receptor and resulted in the decrease of expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. WHLB exhibited hypocholesterolaemic effects mainly by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol accumulation in peripheral tissue, and bile acid reabsorption and by stimulating bile acid synthesis.
Effects of a multi-component nutritional telemonitoring intervention on nutritional status, diet quality, physical functioning and quality of life of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: van Doorn-van Atten Marije N. , Haveman-Nies Annemien , van Bakel Marit M. , Ferry Monique , Franco Maite , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. , de Vries Jeanne H. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of an intervention including nutritional telemonitoring, nutrition education, and follow-up by a nurse on nutritional status, diet quality, appetite, physical functioning and quality of life of Dutch community-dwelling elderly. We used a parallel arm pre-test post-test design with 214 older adults (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention group (n97) or control group (n107), based on the municipality. The intervention group received a 6-month intervention including telemonitoring measurements, nutrition education and follow-up by a nurse. Effect measurements took place at baseline, after 4·5 months, and at the end of the study. The intervention improved nutritional status of participants at risk of undernutrition (β(T1)=2·55; 95 % CI 1·41, 3·68;β(T2)=1·77; 95 % CI 0·60, 2·94) and scores for compliance with Dutch guidelines for the intake of vegetables (β=1·27; 95 % CI 0·49, 2·05), fruit (β=1·24; 95 % CI 0·60, 1·88), dietary fibre (β=1·13; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·57), protein (β=1·20; 95 % CI 0·15, 2·24) and physical activity (β=2·13; 95 % CI 0·98, 3·29). The intervention did not have an effect on body weight, appetite, physical functioning and quality of life. In conclusion, this intervention leads to improved nutritional status in older adults at risk of undernutrition, and to improved diet quality and physical activity levels of community-dwelling elderly. Future studies with a longer duration should focus on older adults at higher risk of undernutrition than this study population to investigate whether the impact of the intervention on nutritional and functional outcomes can be improved.
ADVANCED SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ PERCEPTION OF LEXICAL TONE CONTRASTS
Authors: Pelzl Eric , Lau Ellen F. , Guo Taomei , DeKeyser Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is commonly believed that second language (L2) acquisition of lexical tones presents a major challenge for learners from nontonal language backgrounds. This belief is somewhat at odds with research that consistently shows beginning learners making quick gains through focused tone training, as well as research showing advanced learners achieving near-native performance in tone identification tasks. However, other long-term difficulties related to L2 tone perception may persist, given the additional demands of word recognition and the effects of context. In the current study, we used behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) experiments to test whether perception of Mandarin tones is difficult for advanced L2 learners in isolated syllables, disyllabic words in isolation, and disyllabic words in sentences. Stimuli were more naturalistic and challenging than in previous research. While L2 learners excelled at tone identification in isolated syllables, they performed with very low accuracy in rejecting disyllabic tonal nonwords in isolation and in sentences. We also report ERP data from critical mismatching words in sentences; while L2 listeners showed no significant differences in responses in any condition, trends were not inconsistent with the overall pattern in behavioral results of less sensitivity to tone mismatches than to semantic or segmental mismatches. We interpret these results as evidence that Mandarin tones are in fact difficult for advanced L2 learners. However, the difficulty is not due primarily to an inability to perceive tones phonetically, but instead is driven by the need to process toneslexically, especially inmultisyllablewords.
Cardiac function in children with premature ventricular contractions: the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation
Authors: Oner Taliha , Ozdemir Rahmi , Doksöz Onder , Genc Dildar B. , Guven Baris , Demirpence Savas , Yilmazer Murat M. , Yozgat Yilmaz , Mese Timur , Tavli Vedide 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions are accepted as benign in structurally normal hearts. However, reversible cardiomyopathy can sometimes develop. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-arrhythmic properties in animals and humans.AimWe evaluated left ventricular function in children with premature ventricular contractions with normal cardiac anatomy and assessed the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on left ventricular function in a prospective trial.MethodsA total of 25 patients with premature ventricular contraction, with more than 2% premature ventricular contractions on 24-hour Holter electrocardiography, and 30 healthy patients were included into study. All patients underwent electrocardiography, left ventricular M-mode echocardiography, and myocardial performance index testing. Patients with premature ventricular contraction were given omega-3 fatty acids at a dose of 1 g/day for 3 months, and control echocardiography and 24-hour Holter electrocardiography were performed. Neither placebo nor omega-3 fatty acids were given to the control group.ResultsCompared with the values of the control group, the patients with premature ventricular contraction had significantly lower fractional shortening. The myocardial performance index decreased markedly in the patient groups. The mean heart rate and mean premature ventricular contraction percentage of Group 2 significantly decreased in comparison with their baseline values after the omega-3 supplementation.ConclusionIn conclusion, premature ventricular contractions can lead to systolic cardiac dysfunction in children. Omega-3 supplementation may improve cardiac function in children with premature ventricular contractions. This is the first study conducted in children to investigate the possible role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on treatment of premature ventricular contractions.
After the ice: Lateglacial and Holocene landforms and landscape evolution in Scotland
Authors: BALLANTYNE Colin K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDuring Lateglacial cold periods, permafrost developed throughout Scotland, sediment-mantled slopes were extensively modified by solifluction and other forms of periglacial mass movement, large-scale sorted patterned ground formed on plateaux, and enhanced rockfall resulted in talus accumulation below cliffs. Most rock-slope failures occurred within five millennia following ice-sheet deglaciation, with many probably triggered by uplift-induced earthquakes; numerous debris-free scarps represent sites where Lateglacial rockslide debris was excavated by glaciers during the Younger Dryas Stade (∼12.9–11.7 ka). Sandar and outwash fans deposited by glacial rivers during ice-sheet retreat were incised to form high-level terraces. Under the cool temperate but relatively stable climate of the Holocene, solifluction and patterned ground formation continued to operate on high ground, though accumulation of high-level aeolian deposits on most mountains was terminated by erosion during the Little Ice Age. Drift-mantled slopes and talus slopes have been extensively eroded by translational failures and debris flows, the latter depositing debris cones on upland valley floors. The incidence of Holocene rockslides has been much lower than during the Lateglacial period. Dating of alluvial deposits and low Holocene terraces suggests no consistent pattern of Holocene floodplain evolution: incision has apparently dominated in the Highlands, aggradation in the lowlands, and floodplains in the Southern Uplands have asynchronous histories of incision and aggradation. Studies of floodplain behaviour over the past 200–300 years suggest that though major floods rework the floodplains of braided and piedmont rivers, there is no tendency towards net floodplain aggradation or incision. Most valley-side alluvial fans accumulated episodically in the last 4000 years, many in response to lowering of hillslope stability by woodland clearance. For many postglacial landsystems, disentangling the effects of declining paraglacial sediment supply, climate change and local influences (extreme rainstorm events or anthropogenic impacts) remains challenging.
Developmental and Gender Differences in the Production of the Past Tense in Spanish Children
Authors: Domínguez Alberto , Izura Cristina , Medina Ana Cecilia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigates gender differences in children’s linguistic development of Spanish past tense verbs. Two groups of 30 children, each consisting of 15 girls and 15 boys, were studied: Preschool children (5 years old) and 1st grade (7 years old). Participants carried out an elicitation task where a verbal change from present to past tense was required. Frequency and regularity variables were introduced as experimental factors to study differences between gender and age. The results showed that morphological rules were more successfully applied in 1st grade than in preschool children. Youngest participants showed a greatest influence of lexical variables, such as verb frequency and produced more omission and repetition errors. Gender differences only appeared in the oldest children, with girls being more affected by verb frequency and regularity. Girls also demonstrated a broader vocabulary than boys as shown by the qualitative analyses.
How Does Riming Affect Dual‐Polarization Radar Observations and Snowflake Shape?
Authors: Li Haoran , Moisseev Dmitri , von Lerber Annakaisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs an ice particle grows by riming its shape is expected to change, resulting in a more spherical particle at the later stages of riming. This conceptual model is at the core of the current ice microphysical schemes and used for dual‐polarization radar observation based classification of hydrometeors. A quantitative relation between riming and shapes of snowflake aggregates, however, has not been established yet. This study aims to derive this relation by using surface‐based precipitation and coinciding dual‐polarization radar observations. The observations were collected during four winter seasons, 49 snowstorms, at University of Helsinki measurement station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Results show that relation between the differential reflectivity and reflectivity‐weighted rime mass fraction is not monotonic and depends on reflectivity‐weighted mean diameter. This behavior can be explained by the opposing effects of riming on dual‐polarization radar observations. Riming increases particle bulk density, which leads to more pronounced dual‐polarization radar signatures. As riming progresses the aspect ratio of snowflake increases slowly until the rime mass fraction value reaches a certainty value after which the aspect ratio increases more rapidly. Finally, coutilization of Ze, Zdr, and Kdp for inferring riming fraction is analyzed.
Final Subduction Processes of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Alxa Tectonic Belt (NW China): Constraints From Field and Chronological Data of Permian Arc‐Related Volcano‐Sedimentary Rocks
Authors: Song Dongfang , Xiao Wenjiao , Collins Alan S. , Glorie Stijn , Han Chunming , Li Yongchen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe timing of final subduction and closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO) is controversial. Located in a key position within the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the Alxa Tectonic Belt (ATB) provides a crucial window to evaluate the final subduction processes of the PAO. This study presents field and geochronological data for Permian volcano‐sedimentary rocks from the southwestern ATB. Field observations revealed a syntectonic unconformity between the Middle and Upper Permian strata. Detrital zircon U‐Pb analyses show a major peak at ~273 Ma and a subordinate peak at ~440 Ma for the Middle Permian sample. The Upper Permian samples show consistently unimodal age spectra with single peaks at ~261 and ~263 Ma, respectively. The Permian zircons from the analyzed samples yield predominately positiveεHf(t) values, indicating major juvenile magmatic processes mixed with limited recycled Precambrian basement. The diagnostic zircon U‐Pb‐Hf isotopic characteristics and ubiquitous intermediate and felsic volcanic detritus in these rocks indicate rapid sediments accumulation sourced from a proximal magmatic terrane in a suprasubduction zone environment. The Paleozoic zircon U‐Pb age peaks from this study are comparable to those for the Permian arc‐related sediments along the Solonker Suture Zone, thus linking the Alxa active margin with the northern margin of the North China Craton during Middle‐Late Permian times. Our study thus provides key constraints for the final subduction processes of the PAO, documented within the ATB, before the terminal amalgamation of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
Climate Change Amplifications of Climate‐Fire Teleconnections in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Mariani Michela , Holz Andrés , Veblen Thomas T. , Williamson Grant , Fletcher Michael‐Shawn , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent changes in trend and variability of the main Southern Hemisphere climate modes are driven by a variety of factors, including increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases, changes in tropical sea surface temperature, and stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery. One of the most important implications for climatic change is its effect via climate teleconnections on natural ecosystems, water security, and fire variability in proximity to populated areas, thus threatening human lives and properties. Only sparse and fragmentary knowledge of relationships between teleconnections, lightning strikes, and fire is available during the observed record within the Southern Hemisphere. This constitutes a major knowledge gap for undertaking suitable management and conservation plans. Our analysis of documentary fire records from Mediterranean and temperate regions across the Southern Hemisphere reveals a critical increased strength of climate‐fire teleconnections during the onset of the 21st century including a tight coupling between lightning‐ignited fire occurrences, the upward trend in the Southern Annular Mode, and rising temperatures across the Southern Hemisphere.
Internal Versus External Sources of Plasma at Saturn: Overview From Magnetospheric Imaging Investigation/Charge‐Energy‐Mass Spectrometer Data
Authors: Allen R. C. , Mitchell D. G. , Paranicas C. P. , Hamilton D. C. , Clark G. , Rymer A. M. , Vines S. K. , Roelof E. C. , Krimigis S. M. , Vandegriff J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlasma composition observations provide a useful mechanism for investigating plasma sources and subsequent evolution within planetary magnetospheres. While He++ is the second most abundant ion species in the solar wind, there are no known sources of He++ ions within the magnetosphere of Saturn, allowing He++ to serve as a tracer of solar wind ions within the Kronian magnetosphere. Meanwhile, water group ions (W+, consisting of O+, OH+, H2O+, and H3O+) and H2+, known to originate within the magnetosphere of Saturn, serve as a tracer of internally ionized plasma. In this paper, we investigate the relative abundances and properties of energetic (32–220 keV) ion species originating from sources within the magnetosphere and from the solar wind. Solar wind‐originating ions are observed to have significant relative abundance (up to ~0.05) in the midnight, dawn, and noon local time quadrants at high radial distances (~40, ~45, and ~20 RS, respectively). Several possible entry processes, such as reconnection and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities, are outlined in this paper as well as a discussion of subsequent transport.
Transport Properties of Fe2SiO4 Melt at High Pressure From Classical Molecular Dynamics: Implications for the Lifetime of the Magma Ocean
Authors: Sun Yicheng , Zhou Huiqun , Yin Kun , Zhao Mengqi , Xu Shijin , Lu Xiancai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe transport properties of silicate melts played important roles in various geodynamic processes during the evolution of the Earth. The dependence of transport properties on the temperature and pressure of Fe‐bearing melts has not been systematically explored, although Fe‐bearing silicate melts are thought to have represented important portions of the early Earth and Earth's current mantle. Based on large‐scale molecular dynamics calculations, the pressure and temperature dependences of the self‐diffusivity and viscosity of fayalite (Fe2SiO4) from 1600 to 4000 K and up to 50 GPa have been investigated. The results indicate that the self‐diffusion coefficient increases and viscosity decreases with increasing temperature; the calculated temperature dependence of transport coefficients can be fit with an Arrhenian relation below 5 GPa, while viscosity exhibits a crossover from Arrhenius to non‐Arrhenius behavior at pressure higher than 20 GPa. With increasing pressure, the mobility of Fe2SiO4 melt is inhibited along isotherms, and Fe2SiO4 melt is more viscous than Mg2SiO4 melt at high pressures. Combining these results with those from previous studies of magma ocean isentropes, the associated viscosity profiles of Fe2SiO4 melt are discussed. Our results indicate that iron‐rich silicate melts would have decelerated the cooling rate in the lower mantle and had a great influence on the physical properties of the lower mantle portion of the magma ocean.