bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide during pregnancy as a major contributor to maternal suicide among female sex workers in eight low- and middle-income countries: A community knowledge approach investigation
Authors: Macias-Konstantopoulos Wendy L. , Willis Brian , Weerasinghe Swarna , Perttu Emily , Bennett Ian M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Studies indicate a high burden of mental health disorders among female sex workers (FSWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite available data on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among FSWs, little is known about suicide deaths in this hard-to-reach population. This study aims to examine the extent to which suicide is a cause of maternal mortality among FSWs, the contexts in which suicides occur, and the methods used. From January to October 2019, the Community Knowledge Approach method for identifying cause-specific deaths in communities was employed across eight LMICs (Angola, Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), India, Indonesia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa). A total of one thousand two hundred eighty FSWs provided detailed reports on two thousand one hundred twelve FSW deaths in the preceding 5 years, including 288 (13.6%) suicides, 178 (61.8%) of which were maternal. Of these maternal suicides, 57.9% occurred during pregnancy (antepartum), 20.2% within two months of delivery (puerperium), and 21.9% in the 2–12 months following delivery (postpartum). The highest proportion of suicides occurred in Nigeria, Kenya, and DRC in sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 504 children lost their mothers to suicide. Further research is needed to identify interventions for suicide risk among FSW mothers.
The Legacy of a Feminist Philosophy: An Interview with Michèle Le Dœuff
Authors: Bonnet Annabelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMichèle Le Dœuff has devoted several decades to the exploration of the relations between women, philosophy and feminism. With this in mind I went to meet the philosopher, who generously accepted to establish a correspondence with me during my doctoral research. My questions all aimed at understanding how a woman, in the 1970s, had come to devote herself to the problematical relations between women and philosophy, and to consider such a question as a legitimate philosophical object that should be explored. It was thus a question of better knowing the feminist line that runs through her whole work, based on a displacement of this problematic from the margins to the center of the philosophical thought.
Enhancing tip vortices to improve the lift production through shear layers in flapping-wing flow control
Authors: Jin Bruce Ruishu , Wang Li , Ravi Sridhar , Young John , Lai Joseph C.S. , Tian Fang-Bao 
Published: November 2024

Flow control of a low-aspect-ratio flat-plate heaving wing at an average angle of attack of

$10^{\circ }$

by a steady-blowing jet is numerically studied by using a feedback immersed boundary–lattice Boltzmann method. Blowing jets at the leading edge, mid-chord and trailing edge are considered. The wing enjoys the highest lift production with the trailing-edge downstream blowing jet, which improves the average lift by 50.0 % at

$Re = 1000$

and 22.9 % at

$Re = 5000$

through the enhancement of the tip vortex circulation caused by the increase in the mass flux of the shear layer at the wing tips. This increase in mass flux decreases as

$Re$

increases from 1000 to 5000 due to its self-limiting mechanism. A mid-chord vertical blowing jet induces a middle vortex which enhances the lift production but the enhancement is smaller than that of trailing-edge downstream blowing jet. Other jet arrangements do not significantly increase the lift coefficient, but the mid-chord upstream blowing jet experiences a significant reduction in the drag coefficient, leading to an increase of 50.6 % in the average lift-to-drag ratio. The effectiveness of the flow control is not significantly affected by the aspect ratio.
Salvation through Implicit Faith: A New Defence
Authors: Stacey Gregory R. P. , McNabb Tyler Dalton 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The once-popular thesis that non-Christians who are inculpably ignorant of the gospel can be saved through ‘implicit faith’ in Christ has fallen on hard times. In this paper, we consider objections raised against this position by a range of Catholic critics, including Thomas Crean, Augustine DiNoia, Gavin D’Costa, and Stephen Bullivant. In our judgement, criticisms of ‘implicit faith’ often suffer from a lack of clarity about the nature of such faith, although admittedly this ambiguity was present even in original Scholastic uses of the term. However, in the past few decades, analytic philosophers have explored many forms of belief, which one might call ‘implicit’. Accordingly, we draw on both Scholastic and analytic epistemology to arrive at a more attractive characterisation of implicit faith. We argue that once implicit faith is understood in this way, recent objections to the claim that non-Christians can be saved soluble.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity is closely associated with skeletal muscle mass: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Jie , Fang Wendong , Chen Shuiping , Wang Lu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle is of great importance for human activity and quality of life, as its loss contributes greatly to immobilisation, especially for aged individuals. An increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins may be beneficial for muscle loss because of ageing. However, the quantitative relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of antioxidant vitamins and muscle mass is undetermined. Totally, 4009 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed with demographic, lifestyle and dietary intake adjustment factors. The dose saturation effect was also determined by a saturation effect analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed for age and sex. In the fully adjusted model, per unit increase of dietary TAC was associated with an increase of 0·018 g/kg appendicular lean mass (95 % CI 0·007, 0·029), 0·014 g/kg trunk lean mass (95 % CI 0·004, 0·024) and 0·035 g/kg total lean mass (95 % CI 0·014, 0·055). TAC was associated with a decrease of 0·004 kg/kg total percent fat (95 % CI −0·006, −0·002), 0·005 kg/kg trunk percent fat (95 % CI −0·007, −0·002) and 0·003 kg/m2 BMI (95 % CI −0·006, −0·001) at the same time. Subgroup analysis indicated that women and adults < 50 years may experience the most significant association between TAC and skeletal muscle mass. We revealed a positive correlation between TAC and lean body mass and a negative association between TAC and body fat and BMI. Saturation values were found among people aged 40–59 years. Age and sex mediate these associations.
DECIPHERING INTERIM OBLIGATIONS UNDER ARTICLES 18 AND 25 OF THE VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF TREATIES
Authors: Rydberg Agnes Viktoria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnder the law of treaties, two mechanisms currently seek to bridge the gap between the conclusion and entry into force of treaties. These are found in Article 18 (the obligation not to defeat the object and purpose of a pending treaty) and Article 25 (provisional application of treaties) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. This article considers the nexus and relationship between these provisions and clarifies two aspects of their interaction. First, the article assesses how Articles 18 and 25 interact in their practical application and whether Article 25 can inform the content and interpretation of Article 18. Second, the article explores how the termination of a provisionally applied treaty under Article 25(2) affects the applicability of Article 18(a).
The effects and costs of an anti-bullying program (KiVa) in UK primary schools: a multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bowes Lucy , Babu Malavika , Badger Julia R. , Broome Matthew R. , Cannings-John Rebecca , Clarkson Suzy , Coulman Elinor , Edwards Rhiannon Tudor , Ford Tamsin , Hastings Richard P. , Hayes Rachel , Lugg-Widger Fiona , Owen-Jones Eleri , Patterson Paul , Segrott Jeremy , Sydenham Mia , Townson Julia , Watkins Richard C. , Whiteley Holly , Williams Margiad E. ,   the Stand Together Team, Hutchings Judy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildhood bullying is a public health priority. We evaluated the effectiveness and costs of KiVa, a whole-school anti-bullying program that targets the peer context.MethodsA two-arm pragmatic multicenter cluster randomized controlled trial with embedded economic evaluation. Schools were randomized to KiVa-intervention or usual practice (UP), stratified on school size and Free School Meals eligibility. KiVa was delivered by trained teachers across one school year. Follow-up was at 12 months post randomization. Primary outcome: student-reported bullying-victimization; secondary outcomes: self-reported bullying-perpetration, participant roles in bullying, empathy and teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Outcomes were analyzed using multilevel linear and logistic regression models.FindingsBetween 8/11/2019–12/02/2021, 118 primary schools were recruited in four trial sites, 11 111 students in primary analysis (KiVa-intervention: n = 5944; 49.6% female; UP: n = 5167, 49.0% female). At baseline, 21.6% of students reported being bullied in the UP group and 20.3% in the KiVa-intervention group, reducing to 20.7% in the UP group and 17.7% in the KiVa-intervention group at follow-up (odds ratio 0.87; 95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.97, p value = 0.009). Students in the KiVa group had significantly higher empathy and reduced peer problems. We found no differences in bullying perpetration, school wellbeing, emotional or behavioral problems. A priori subgroup analyses revealed no differences in effectiveness by socioeconomic gradient, or by gender. KiVa costs £20.78 more per pupil than usual practice in the first year, and £1.65 more per pupil in subsequent years.InterpretationThe KiVa anti-bullying program is effective at reducing bullying victimization with small-moderate effects of public health importance.FundingThe study was funded by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research program (17-92-11). Intervention costs were funded by the Rayne Foundation, GwE North Wales Regional School Improvement Service, Children's Services, Devon County Council and HSBC Global Services (UK) Ltd.
Impact of an educational program on oncology nurses’ attitudes and behaviors toward care of the dying
Authors: Hou Xiaoting , Li Xin , Guo Renxiu , Wang Yun , He Shuangzhi , Yang Hong , Bai Dongli , Lu Yuhan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesCare of the dying is an essential part of holistic cancer nursing. Improving nurses’ attitudes and behaviors regarding care of the dying is one of the critical factors in increasing the quality of nursing service. This study aims to examine the impact of an educational program based on the CARES tool on nurses’ attitudes and behaviors toward care of the dying.MethodsA quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-intervention measures was conducted. A total of 222 oncology nurses from 14 hospitals in Beijing, China, were enrolled using a convenient sampling method. This online educational course developed based on the CARES framework comprised 7 modules and 10 sessions. Each session was carried out twice a week over 30–60 min. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Frommelt Attitude Towards Care of the Dying Scale (FATCOD) and the Nurses’ Practice Behavior Toward Care of the Dying Questionnaire (NPBTCOD). Reassessment of attitudes and behaviors was conducted when completed the learning and 6 months after the learning, respectively. The sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and differences in attitudes and behaviors were reported and compared by the paired t-test.ResultsAll the 222 oncology nurses completed educational courses, and 218 nurses (98.20%) completed the pre- and post-attitudes evaluation and 213 (95.9%) nurses completed the pre- and post-behaviors evaluation. The mean (SD) FATCOD score before and after the educational program was 108.83 (12.07) versus 115.09 (14.91), respectively (t = −8.546, p ≥ 0.001). The mean (SD) NPBTCOD score before and after the educational program was 69.14 (17.56) versus 73.40 (18.96), respectively (t = −3.231, p = 0.001).Significance of resultsThis educational intervention was found to be an effective method for improving oncology nurses’ attitudes and behaviors toward caring for dying patients.
Facility- and community-level factors associated with hospice patient experience
Authors: He Mengying , Davlyatov Ganisher , Orewa Gregory , Qu Haiyan , Weech-Maldonado Robert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesMandated by the Affordable Care Act of 2010, hospices were required to provide information regarding the Hospice Quality Reporting Program, with a reduced reimbursement tied to hospices if they fail to submit data to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between hospice organizational and community factors and quality of hospice care as measured by patient experience through Hospice Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers & Systems (CAHPS®) survey.MethodsWe used secondary data from Hospice Compare, Healthcare Cost Report Information System Dataset, Rural–urban commuting area codes, and the American Community Survey to examine the relationship between hospice patient/family experience and hospice organizational-level and community-level factors for the period 2017–2020. The unit of analysis was hospice-year observations.ResultsFor-profit and chain-affiliated hospices were negatively associated with CAHPS® scores. Organizational longevity and Medicare payer mix were positively associated with CAHPS® scores. Hospice community factors including competition, per capita income, and the racial/ethnic minorities’ percentage were negatively associated with CAHPS® scores.Significance of resultsHospice organizational and community factors were related to hospice quality of care. Interventions that account for organizational and community factors may be needed to improve patient/family experience of hospice care.
State Capacity and COVID-19 Responses: Comparing the US States
Authors: Auerbach Kiran , Lerner Joshua Y. , Ridge Hannah M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the interstate differences in outcomes from the coronavirus disease COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on state capacity. State capacity refers to states’ ability to create and implement policy. We posit that states want to limit death and destruction within their borders. COVID-19 created an instance in which states had a shared, preferred outcome but had very different levels of success. Using a novel measure of state capacity that allows for subnational comparisons – and is independent of ideological political will – we show that states with greater capacity experienced fewer excess deaths during 2020 and more successfully distributed vaccines in early 2021. The findings are robust to various measures of partisanship, social capital, geography, and demographics. Our work bridges US state politics literature and comparative politics literature on state capacity, and it contributes to research on the politics of pandemics.
Using a seed impact mill to limit waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seed inputs in Iowa soybean
Authors: Meadows Alexis L. , Yadav Ramawatar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMounting cases of herbicide-resistant waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] in the U.S. Midwest have renewed the interest in nonchemical weed management strategies. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to quantify the effectiveness of a commercial combine equipped with a seed impact mill in preventing A. tuberculatus seed return to the soil seedbank in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Amaranthus tuberculatus seed shattering before crop harvest was quantified. Amaranthus tuberculatus started shattering seeds during the last week of August in both years. Overall, 51% of A. tuberculatus seeds were retained on the plant at harvest on October 23, 2021, compared with 61% at harvest on October 7, 2022. Viability of shattered A. tuberculatus seeds ranged from 84% to 94%. Additional seed shattering occurred when plants were disturbed by the combine header during soybean harvest, which caused 15% and 9% shattering in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Amaranthus tuberculatus seeds passed through the impact mill were grouped in three categories: no damage, moderate damage, and severe damage. In 2021, A. tuberculatus seeds with moderate damage had 26% lower germination and viability than seeds with no visible damage. In 2022, seed germination and viability of no-damage seeds did not differ from seeds with a moderate level of damage. No severely damaged seed germinated or tested viable in either year. Altogether, impact mill treatment reduced the number of germinable seeds by 87% compared with the no–impact mill treatment. These results indicate that seed impact mills can be a useful tool in Iowa soybean production to help manage multiple herbicide–resistant A. tuberculatus populations. However, A. tuberculatus seed shattering before crop harvest reduces the overall effectiveness of seed impact mills in preventing seedbank replenishments.
North‐East Peri‐Tethyan Water Column Deoxygenation and Euxinia at the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Behrooz L. , Monteiro F. M. , Naafs B. D. A. , Taylor K. W. R. , Dickson A. J. , Graham O. A. , Pearson A. , Pancost R. D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) is associated with climatic change and biological turnover. It shares features with the Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) of the Mesozoic, such as transient global warming and biogeochemical perturbations. However, the PETM experienced a more muted expansion of marine anoxia compared to the Mesozoic OAEs (especially OAE2), with geographically limited evidence for photic zone euxinia (PZE). We explore the extent and drivers of marine deoxygenation during the PETM using biomarkers for water column euxinia and anoxia as well as an intermediate complexity Earth system model (cGEnIE). These reveal that the water column in the North‐East Peri‐Tethys became anoxic, with euxinic conditions reaching the photic zone (PZE) during the PETM. Our model shows that euxinia developed due to a global increase in the ocean nutrient inventory with concomitant oxygen consumption, similar to findings for OAE2. The particularly strong regional response in the NE Peri‐Tethys appears to arise from a combination of global CO2‐weathering forcing, regionally restricted circulation and upwelling of sulphidic thermocline waters. Unlike OAE2, anoxia and PZE do not become widespread in our PETM simulations, consistent with new and existing geochemical and biological proxy data. This globally muted response could result from reduced biogeochemical feedbacks to climate forcing relative to the mid‐Cretaceous climate. Our observations suggest that similar mechanisms operated in response to disparate Cenozoic (PETM) and Mesozoic (OAEs) transient global warming events, while also highlighting that background conditions are crucial in modulating the sensitivity of Earth's system to them.
Reconstruction of Magma Plumbing System and Regional Magmatic Processes via Chemical and Structural Zoning of Biotite in Rhyolite from Long Valley, CA
Authors: Xi Jiaxin , Yang Yiping , Xu Huifang , Xian Haiyang , Pan Fabin , Li Shan , Xue Shuo , Cao Yonghua , Zhu Jianxi , He Hongping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMinerals with compositional zoning in volcanic products are widely used to decipher the history of magmatic evolution. However, structural information, which reflects physical conditions and crystallization equilibrium, has often been overlooked. This study presents the first report on the structural zoning of deep‐derived biotite phenocrysts through investigations of metaluminous rhyolite from Long Valley, CA. Biotite is enriched in Si, Mg, and K and depleted in Fe3+, Ti, and AlIV in core zones compared with rims. In situ structural analyses, including micro X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, were conducted to identify cores with perfect 2M1 polytype and disordered rims of biotite. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods in revealing various (micro)polytypes of a single species, which occur at different crystallization temperatures, pressures, supersaturation levels, and oxygen fugacities. The concept of structural zoning is introduced here to describe the different structural features distributed systematically in various parts of minerals. By combining structural and chemical zoning, we illustrate a two‐step growth for samples: equilibrium crystallization of the highly ordered cores in a deep magma reservoir with high temperature and pressure, followed by rapid growth of disordered rims during magma mixing in a crystal mush. We further discuss the implications of these findings for reflecting the plumbing system structure and eruption history of rhyolitic magma over extended periods. Our study underscores the remarkable sensitivity of structural zoning in delineating the crystallization conditions of minerals and documenting the environmental changes within magma.
Testing Astronomical Solutions With Geological Data for the Latest Cretaceous: An Astronomically Tuned Time Scale
Authors: Kocken I. J. , Zeebe R. E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAstronomical solutions form the backbone of accurate dating for geology and paleoclimate studies. Beyond 50 Ma, however, the chaos inherent in the solar system makes it impossible to calculate a unique astronomical solution. Geological data have been used to constrain the chaos in order to arrive at an astronomically calibrated time scale up to the end‐Cretaceous. Here, we adopt and extend this approach into the latest Cretaceous, by re‐analyzing the Zumaia and Sopelana composite proxy records from the Maastrichtian. We find that the filtered total light reflectance () record is most compatible with the astronomical solution ZB20a. However, the results are sensitive to parameter choices in our algorithm, which we describe in detail. Nevertheless, we present evidence in favor of using solution ZB20a for cyclostratigraphic applications during the latest Cretaceous. Intervals with very long eccentricity nodes (VLNs) (low amplitude in the short eccentricity cycle) in the astronomical solutions that coincide with large amplitudes in the short eccentricity‐related peaks in the filtered proxy record rule out alternatives.
Spatial‐Temporal Analysis of Inter Tropical Discontinuity Influence on Radio Signal Behavior in Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel I. , Ojo O. S. , Emmanuel G. O. , Adedayo K. D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the inter tropical discontinuity (ITD) on radio signal behavior over Nigeria using ERA5 data from the Copernicus Climate Change Services (C3S). Monthly variations of refractivity gradient values and ITD movements were analyzed through spatial distribution and wavelet coherence. Results indicate that the ITD position significantly affects refractivity gradient values. Below the ITD, values range from −5 to −110 N‐units/km, while above the ITD, values are less than −110 N‐units/km, indicating predominant ducting conditions. The ITD shifts latitudinally from a peak at 20° in August to a low at 5° in December. Correlation coefficients between ITD position and refractivity gradient values in different climatic regions (Am, Aw, BSh, BWh) range from −0.920 to 0.844, emphasizing the significant influence of ITD on atmospheric conditions in these regions. Statistical analysis using the wavelet coherence method demonstrates a strong connection between ITD and refractivity gradient, with coherence values indicating synchronization at specific frequency‐time pairs.