bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a Pharmaceutical 3D Printer Using Quality-by-Design Approach
Authors: Lafeber I. , de Boer T. W. J. , van Unen W. H. , Ouwerkerk N. , Guchelaar H. J. , Schimmel K. J. M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Pharmaceutical three-dimensional (3D) printing is an innovative production technique which enables the manufacturing of personalized medicine at the point-of-care. A reliable 3D printer is paramount for the successful implementation in clinical practice. In this paper, the design strategy of a pharmaceutical semi-solid extrusion 3D printer is described, where the concept of quality-by-design is applied.

Methods
The technical design stages are divided in the conceptual design and detailed design stage. The minimal viable product, critical process parameters and implemented control strategies were defined.

Results
The critical process parameter with the highest impact is the temperature of the cartridge during preheating, i.e. prior to the production process. The temperature is controlled with an accurate thermistor, closed feedback loop and thermal isolation. The temperature can be monitored at all times using the graphical user interface and there is an audit trail using the logging system. Software was developed conforming to GAMP5.

Conclusions
Build-in control strategies in the design of the pharmaceutical 3D printer can mitigate risks during the production process of personalized medicine. The regulatory landscape surrounding 3D-printed drug products remains challenging. By using this design approach, relevant guidelines were taken into account during the design of a pharmaceutical 3D printer. Future development of the 3D printer should include the incorporation of process analytical technology tools and upscaling of feedstock production to further support the implementation of personalized medicine 3D-printed at the point-of-care.
Prognostic Factors for Vulvar Cancer Undergoing Primary Surgery: Case Series from a Single Tertiary Cancer Center
Authors: Shylasree T. S. , Das Ushashree , Kumar Neha , Naidu Lavanya , Deodhar Kedar , Chopra Supriya , Poddar Pabashi , Maheshwari Amita 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo evaluate clinical outcomes in women undergoing primary surgery for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma) (SCC) with an aim to identify surgico-pathological risk factors associated with recurrence and survival. Retrospective cohort analysis was carried out between January 2011 and December 2018 for patients with vulvar SCC who underwent primary surgery. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for the estimation of the probability of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses based on the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to identify factors associated with DFS and OS. A p-value ≤ 0.05 in a two-tailed test was considered statistically significant. The study population included 81 patients; the median follow-up time for the entire cohort was 41 months. Recurrence was noted in 27 cases (33.3%), and the median time to recurrence was 36.14 months. The median overall survival (OS) was 40.8 months, and disease-free survival (DFS) was 36 months. On univariate analysis, depth of invasion (DOI), close margin, presence of lympho-vascular space invasion (LVSI), perineural invasion (PNI), groin metastases, and not receiving adjuvant therapy were significantly associated with increased recurrence rates. Deeper stromal invasion, presence of LVSI, groin node metastases, and recurrent disease were associated with poor OS on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, DOI, tumor-free margin (TFM), and PNI were significantly associated with DFS, and a previous history of recurrence was associated with OS. Vulvar cancers are relatively rare tumors with several local tumor factors such as TFM, DOI, LVSI, and lymph node status which may help determine oncological outcomes. Larger studies will definitely help establish more evidence.
ADAR1 expression in different cancer cell lines and its change under heat shock
Authors: Adamczak Dominika , Fornalik Michał , Małkiewicz Anna , Pestka Julia , Pławski Andrzej , Jagodziński Paweł Piotr , Słowikowski Bartosz Kazimierz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) plays an essential role in the development of malignancies by modifying the expression of different oncogenes. ADAR1 presents three distinct activities: adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, modulating IFN pathways, and response to cellular stress factors. Following stressors such as heat shock, ADAR1p110 isoform relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it suppresses RNA degradation which leads to the arrest of apoptosis and cell survival. In this study, we assessed the expression of ADAR1 across different cancer cell lines. We revealed that the presence of ADAR1 varies between cells of different origins and that a high transcript level does not reflect protein abundance. Additionally, we subjected cells to a heat shock in order to evaluate how cellular stress factors affect the expression of ADAR1. Our results indicate that ADAR1 transcript and protein levels are relatively stable and do not change under heat shock in examined cell lines. This research lays a groundwork for future directions on ADAR1-related studies suggesting in which types of cancer ADAR1 may be a promising target for novel therapeutic approaches.
Nonparametric estimation of bivariate cumulative distribution function
Authors: Mansouri Behzad , Rastin Azam , Mombeni Habib Allah 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes a nonparametric estimation of the cumulative distribution function of bivariate bounded data using the Birnbaum–Saunders kernel. We obtain its asymptotic properties and conduct a numerical study. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed estimator over the empirical distribution function and ordinary kernel estimator. We use the proposed estimator to analyse a real data set.
An Investigation of Second-Year Medical Students’ Use of Outside Resources at Two Institutions
Authors: Berry Andrea , Campbell Anna , Li Danxun , Bay Curt , Ikonne Uzoma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Medical students have an unprecedented number of study resources available to use. There is a shift in the frequency of student resource use, particularly outside resources not provided by the academic institution, as students progress through the curriculum. This may reflect how individual students develop as self-regulated learners. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate and compare medical student resource use at two institutions.

Materials and Methods
This is a mixed-methods, cross-sectional study that examines factors that are associated with outside resource use and frequency of resource use for second-year medical students across two institutions. A questionnaire was sent to second-year medical students at ATSU-School of Osteopathic Medicine and Eastern Virginia Medical School. Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare Likert-type responses between institutions. A thematic analysis was used to validate and expand on the qualitative dataset.

Results
Students across institutions are using outside resources frequently. We observed similar influence of factors for the use of outside resources such as preparing for licensing exams across institutions. EVMS students were more likely to be influenced by academic support staff and to use outside resources to prepare for course exams than ATSU students. Differences were noted when comparing the use of specific resources such as transcripts, self-generated student resources, and online resources generated by peers. Further, EVMS students more frequently used outside resources to study for disciplines such as physiology, microbiology, and pathology compared to ATSU students.

Conclusions
The observation that students across both institutions are influenced similarly to use outside resources to prepare for licensing exams is expected. However, we did observe some differences which could be explained by variations in curriculum and organizational features or programs at each institution. The results from the current study are consistent with what has been observed in previous studies. Establishing a better understanding of how students use outside resources will enable faculty and institutions to help students develop as self-regulated learners.
„… alle Jugendlichen suchen ja in der Pubertät den Sinn des Lebens“ – Radikalisierungsprozesse aus Perspektive von Fachkräften der Präventionspraxis
Authors: Bösing Eike , von Lautz Yannick , Kart Mehmet , Stein Margit 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag widmet sich auf Basis von 25 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit Fachkräften der Islamismusprävention unterschiedlichen Perspektiven auf Radikalisierungsprozesse. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, welche Narrative und Annahmen über diese Prozesse im Handlungsfeld vorherrschen. Als Analyseraster dient eine Heuristik auf Grundlage der Synthese gängiger Modellierungen von Radikalisierungsverläufen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich bei den befragten Fachkräften vier vorherrschende Typen, in denen jeweils unterschiedliche Schwerpunkte hervorgehoben werden. Im ersten Typ wird Radikalisierung als ein Stufenprozess verstanden, der mit einem identifizierbaren Auslöser oder Wendepunkt beginnt und zu einer intensiven Auseinandersetzung mit radikalen Ideologien führt. Der zweite Typ sieht Radikalisierungsprozesse als jugendspezifische Orientierung an, wobei Jugendlichen grundsätzlich eine erhöhte Empfänglichkeit für radikale Narrative zugeschrieben wird. Der dritte Typ hebt die Bedeutung des sozialen Umfelds und negativer Reaktionen auf religiöse Sinnsuche für Radikalisierungsprozesse hervor. Im vierten Typ wird Radikalisierung insbesondere als Rekrutierung durch etablierte radikale Szenen betrachtet, die gezielt neue Mitglieder gewinnen wollen. Dies geschehe durch Inszenierung als Vertreter*innen der Muslim*innen und durch das Ausnutzen gesellschaftlicher Debatten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Fachleute der Präventionspraxis unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf Radikalisierungsprozesse haben, wodurch Diskurse über das Phänomen beeinflusst und potenziell unterschiedliche Ansätze der Prävention impliziert werden.
Cultural transmission, networks, and clusters among Austronesian-speaking peoples
Authors: Macdonald Joshua C. , Blanco-Portillo Javier , Feldman Marcus W. , Ram Yoav 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With its linguistic and cultural diversity, Austronesia is important in the study of evolutionary forces that generate and maintain cultural variation. By analysing publicly available datasets, we have identified four classes of cultural features in Austronesia and distinct clusters within each class. We hypothesized that there are differing modes of transmission and patterns of variation in these cultural classes and that geography alone would be insufficient to explain some of these patterns of variation. We detected relative differences in the verticality of transmission and distinct patterns of cultural variation in each cultural class. There is support for pulses and pauses in the Austronesian expansion, a west-to-east increase in isolation with explicable exceptions, and correspondence between linguistic and cultural outliers. Our results demonstrate how cultural transmission and patterns of variation can be analysed using methods inspired by population genetics.
Temporalities of speculation and discounting in the twentieth century
Authors: Pietruska Jamie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article reviews Paul Crosthwaite’s Speculative Time: American Literature in an Age of Crisis (2024) and Liliana Doganova’s Discounting the Future: The Ascendancy of a Political Technology (2024), situating them within recent scholarship on a future-oriented, speculative, and economic subject. It focuses on the relationship between financial speculation and temporalities in the twentieth century, specifically on futures and the politics of value in American literature and the calculating technology of discounting. These books bridge what have been two distinct scholarly approaches to studies of capitalist futures: a theoretical focus on futures as cultural imaginaries or narratives of economic action and a material emphasis on practices for anticipating futures and managing risk. The article concludes with a discussion of power and profit in speculation and discounting, emphasizing inequitable access to speculative futures, and suggests that the multidirectional, nonlinear, recursive mode of financialized temporalities in these books might offer a guide to imagining and creating more just futures for us all.
A review of additive usage in polymer manufacturing: case study phenolic antioxidants
Authors: Orndoff Derek , Lone Sohail , Beymer-Farris Betsy , Wood Morgan , Sadler Jennifer , Ternes Mary Ellen , Hester Tracy , Miller Kevin M. , Seay Jeffrey 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The March 2, 2022, United Nations Environment Assembly Resolution 5/14: “End plastic pollution: Toward an international legally binding instrument by 2024” provides an important path for addressing global plastic pollution, from monomer design and production through the value chain to the final fate of plastic products, including resource recovery. Of the goals set for this effort, simplifying the polymer and additive universe is among the most significant. One primary obstacle to resource recovery from plastic waste is polymer variability, which renders post-use plastic inherently waste-like. While simplification will not address microplastics and leaching of chemicals during use, these measures simplify the plastic universe and mitigate leakage which is critical to ensuring circular plastic use. This study provides a pathway for simplification of formulations through the elimination of problematic additives and revealing paths toward simplifying and reducing the variability in polymers, waste streams and pollution, while preserving critical uses. This study focuses on phenolic antioxidants to support this concept; however, these principles can be applied to other additive classes. The results show extensive duplication of chemical species with different trade names and the appearance of only minor changes to species with the intention of evergreening patents for improved marketability.
No reliable evidence supports the presence of the Javan tiger: data issues related to the DNA analysis of a recent hair sample
Authors: Sui Zheng-Yan , Yamaguchi Nobuyuki , Liu Yue-Chen , Xue Hao-Ran , Sun Xin , Nyhus Philip , Luo Shu-Jin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A recent study published in Oryx proposed that the extinct Javan tiger Panthera tigris sondaica may still survive on the Island of Java, Indonesia, based on mitochondrial DNA analysis of a single hair sample collected from a location where a tiger was reportedly encountered. However, upon reanalysing the genetic data presented in that study, we conclude that there is little support for this claim. The sequences of the putative tiger hair and Javan tiger museum specimens generated are not from tiger cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA but more likely the nuclear pseudogene copies of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, the number of mismatches between the two Javan tiger sequences is unusually high for homologous sequences that are both from tigers, suggesting potential issues with data reliability. The paper provides insufficient details on quality control measures, making it impossible to rule out the possibility that errors were introduced during the analysis. Consequently, it is inappropriate to use the sequences presented in that study to infer the existence of the Javan tiger.
The impact of schizophrenia genetic load and heavy cannabis use on the risk of psychotic disorder in the EU-GEI case-control and UK Biobank studies
Authors: Austin-Zimmerman Isabelle , Spinazzola Edoardo , Quattrone Diego , Wu-Choi Beatrice , Trotta Giulia , Li Zhikun , Johnson Emma , Richards Alexander L. , Freeman Tom P. , Tripoli Giada , Gayer-Anderson Charlotte , Rodriguez Victoria , Jongsma Hannah E. , Ferraro Laura , La Cascia Caterina , Tosato Sarah , Tarricone Ilaria , Berardi Domenico , Bonora Elena , Seri Marco , D'Andrea Giuseppe , Szöke Andrei , Arango Celso , Bobes Julio , Sanjuán Julio , Santos Jose Luis , Arrojo Manuel , Velthorst Eva , Bernardo Miguel , Del-Ben Cristina Marta , Rossi Menezes Paulo , Selten Jean-Paul , Jones Peter B. , Kirkbride James B. , Rutten Bart P. F. , Tortelli Andrea , Llorca Pierre-Michel , de Haan Lieuwe , Stilo Simona , La Barbera Daniele , Lasalvia Antonio , Schurnhoff Franck , Pignon Baptiste , van Os Jim , Lynskey Michael , Morgan Craig ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, O’ Donovan Michael , Lewis Cathryn M. , Sham Pak C. , Murray Robin M. , Vassos Evangelos , Di Forti Marta 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe association between cannabis and psychosis is established, but the role of underlying genetics is unclear. We used data from the EU-GEI case-control study and UK Biobank to examine the independent and combined effect of heavy cannabis use and schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) on risk for psychosis.MethodsGenome-wide association study summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort were used to calculate schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder (CUD) PRS for 1098 participants from the EU-GEI study and 143600 from the UK Biobank. Both datasets had information on cannabis use.ResultsIn both samples, schizophrenia PRS and cannabis use independently increased risk of psychosis. Schizophrenia PRS was not associated with patterns of cannabis use in the EU-GEI cases or controls or UK Biobank cases. It was associated with lifetime and daily cannabis use among UK Biobank participants without psychosis, but the effect was substantially reduced when CUD PRS was included in the model. In the EU-GEI sample, regular users of high-potency cannabis had the highest odds of being a case independently of schizophrenia PRS (OR daily use high-potency cannabis adjusted for PRS = 5.09, 95% CI 3.08–8.43, p = 3.21 × 10−10). We found no evidence of interaction between schizophrenia PRS and patterns of cannabis use.ConclusionsRegular use of high-potency cannabis remains a strong predictor of psychotic disorder independently of schizophrenia PRS, which does not seem to be associated with heavy cannabis use. These are important findings at a time of increasing use and potency of cannabis worldwide.
An omnidirectional mecanum wheel automated guided vehicle control using hybrid modified A* algorithm
Authors: Bhargava Ankur , Suhaib Mohammad , Singholi Ajay K. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents Hybrid Modified A* (HMA*) algorithm which is used to control an omnidirectional mecanum wheel automated guided vehicle (AGV). HMA* employs Modified A* and PSO to determine the best AGV path. The HMA* overcomes the A* technique’s drawbacks, including a large number of nodes, imprecise trajectories, long calculation times, and expensive path initialization. Repetitive point removal refines Modified A*’s path to locate more important nodes. Real-time hardware control experiments and extensive simulations using Matlab software prove the HMA* technique works well. To evaluate the practicability and efficiency of HMA* in route planning and control for AGVs, various algorithms are introduced like A*, Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM), Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), and bidirectional RRT (Bi-RRT). Simulations and real-time testing show that HMA* path planning algorithm reduces AGV running time and path length compared to the other algorithms. The HMA* algorithm shows promising results, providing an enhancement and outperforming A*, PRM, RRT, and Bi-RRT in the average length of the path by 12.08%, 10.26%, 7.82%, and 4.69%, and in average motion time by 21.88%, 14.84%, 12.62%, and 8.23%, respectively. With an average deviation of 4.34% in path length and 3% in motion time between simulation and experiments, HMA* closely approximates real-world conditions. Thus, the proposed HMA* algorithm is ideal for omnidirectional mecanum wheel AGV’s static as well as dynamic movements, making it a reliable and efficient alternative for sophisticated AGV control systems.
Bioethics transformed: 40 years of the value of life
Authors: Lawrence David R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article examines the evolution of bioethics over the past four decades since the publication of John Harris’ seminal work, “The Value of Life” (1985). It argues that while the core principles articulated by Harris remain relevant, bioethics has undergone significant transformation across four key domains. First, the expanding frontiers of biotechnology have necessitated engagement with complex issues beyond individual clinical ethics. Second, there has been a widening of the circle of moral concern to encompass nonhuman animals, disability rights, and global health equity. Third, bioethics has become increasingly entangled with public policy and governance. Finally, the field has seen substantial academic proliferation and institutionalization. These developments have pushed bioethics to adapt its frameworks and methodologies while maintaining fidelity to foundational principles. This article concludes by considering the future challenges and opportunities for bioethics in an increasingly complex technological and social landscape.
Between the Chinggisid principle, loyalty, and self-aggrandisement: Jochid elites in the ‘Time of Troubles’ (1359 to circa 1380)
Authors: Landa Ishayahu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the mid-fourteenth century, the Jochid ulus went through a phase of extreme political turbulence. Following the death of the last Batuid khan Berdibek (r. 1357–1359), during the next two decades, circa 1360–1380, a high number of power contenders rose at both the central and the local levels of the ulus. This article aims to map and exemplify those attempts as part of the broader theoretical discussion concerning the scope and depth of the khanate's crisis. It does so by combining an overall, bird's-eye perspective on the political history of the ulus by zooming in on the regional history, as well as through the analysis of both written primary and numismatic sources. None of the multiple patterns of reaction to the dying-out of the Batuid lineage clearly contradicted the idea of the khanate's unity and the overarching ‘Chinggisid principle’. At this point in time, the ulus still followed the centrifugal logic of the Chinggisid rule. At the same time, the crisis of the Jochid ulus of the mid-fourteenth century indeed prepared the very ground for the power division between the still-existing branches of the Jochid family and the break-up of the Jochid power domain of the fifteenth century that followed the last unification attempt of the ulus under Toqtamïsh (r. 1380–1406).
Short‐ and Long‐Term Seismic Velocity Variations and Strain Evolution at Ischia (Italy): Implications for Dynamics of the Hydrothermal System
Authors: Tarantino Stefania , Poli Piero , Vassallo Maurizio , D’Agostino Nicola 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn active volcanic systems, the elevated pressurization of fluids and the movement of molten materials influence the stress state and mechanical behavior of rocks, but the direct measurement of these processes and the related evolution of rocks properties is difficult. By studying seismic velocity variations, we quantify the physical changes in rocks induced by long‐term volcanic deformation and the dynamic changes associated with the 2017 Casamicciola earthquake (Mw 3.9) in the active volcanic complex of Ischia Island, Italy. Our study reveals a significant dynamic velocity reduction (∼0.2%), primarily due to near‐surface damage, with a permanent drop linked to documented landslides and subsidence observed immediately after the earthquake. We also identified a positive long‐term linear trend in velocity variations, indicative of a generalized contraction of the Ischia Caldera, as revealed by geodetic modeling. Our results suggest a depressurization of the shallow hydrothermal system through degassing along faults or sills.