bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of interleukin‐24 in the tumor‐suppressive effects of interferon‐β on melanoma
Authors: Watanabe Yoshinori , Itoh Munenari , Nakagawa Hidemi , Asahina Akihiko , Nobeyama Yoshimasa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundType 1 interferons (IFNs), including IFN‐β, are widely used in adjuvant therapy for patients who undergo surgery for malignant melanoma to inhibit recurrence and in‐transit metastasis. The precise mechanisms underlying the tumor‐suppressive effects of IFN‐β on melanoma are not yet completely understood.ObjectiveThe purpose was to reveal the mechanisms underlying the tumor‐suppressive effects of IFN‐β via interleukin (IL)‐24.MethodsGenome‐wide oligonucleotide microarray, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting assay were performed using four melanoma cell lines (A375, RPMI‐7951, SK‐MEL‐5 and SK‐MEL‐1) treated with natural‐type IFN‐β to assess the expression of IL‐24. Proliferation assay was performed using these melanoma cells and IL‐24 knock‐down melanoma cells.ResultsGenome‐wide microarray analysis detected candidate genes upregulated in IFN‐β‐sensitive cells after treatment with IFN‐β. We focused on IL‐24 among the candidate genes encoding secretory proteins. Peak IL‐24 mRNA expression completely correlated with the order of sensitivity of melanoma cells to IFN‐β. IFN‐β treatment induced extracellular IL‐24 protein in IFN‐β‐sensitive cells, but did not induce intracellular IL‐24 protein. Knock‐down of IL‐24 changed melanoma cells into IFN‐β‐resistant cells. The expression ratio of IL‐22R1, one of the IL‐24 receptors, correlated with the order of sensitivity of melanoma cells to IFN‐β. Treatment with recombinant human IL‐24 did not have any effects on all the melanoma cell lines.ConclusionOur data suggest that IFN‐β suppresses the proliferation of melanoma cells through extracellular IL‐24 protein derived from melanoma cells.
Striae reconstructed, a full thickness skin model that recapitulates the pathology behind stretch marks
Authors: Perez‐Aso M. , Roca A. , Bosch J. , Martínez‐Teipel B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveStretch marks are disfiguring skin lesions that often cause problems of self‐esteem, but little effort has been put to studying this pathology. We therefore analysed cell cultures of dermal fibroblasts isolated from a striae albae, to thereafter reconstruct a full thickness skin model.MethodsHuman Dermal Fibroblasts (HDF) were isolated from a striae distensae (SD) lesion and from the adjacent non‐lesioned skin. The dermis of two full thickness skin models was reconstructed with either striae‐ or normal‐HDF, while the epidermis was in both reconstructed with Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes.ResultsMain observations and pertinent data: Gene expression analysis of cell cultures revealed a generalized decomposition of the Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM), since collagens type I and III, lysyl oxidase (LOX), biglycan, lumican and fibronectin were downregulated, while MMP3 was increased together with a decrease of its natural inhibitors (TIMP1, TIMP2 and PAI‐1). These findings were statistically corroborated for key ECM elements at the protein level (COL1, MMP1 and TGFB1). Interestingly, striae albae fibroblasts retained a pro‐inflammatory phenotype, as suggested by increased gene expression of CXCL8, HAS1 and TNFA. We next reconstructed a full thickness skin model (Striae Reconstructed) with dermal fibroblasts from striae albae. Gene expression analysis showed that the Striae Reconstructed elicited not only ECM decomposition, but also skin ageing, as indicated by the upregulation of P16, PTGS2 and SOD2. Discussion points: Although the epidermis was constructed with normal human epidermal keratinocytes, the Striae Reconstructed presented epidermal atrophy and a dramatic increase of β1‐integrin at the epidermal‐dermal junction providing, for the first time to our knowledge, a rationale showing that the key cell player behind stretch marks are dermal fibroblasts rather than epidermal keratinocytes.ConclusionNew knowledge: Taken together, our findings shed new light into the aetiology of stretch marks and indicate that the Striae Reconstructed, a new model for in vitro testing and drug screening, may open new avenues for the treatment of stretch marks.
Palygorskite sheets prepared via tape casting for wound healing applications
Authors: de Carvalho Freitas Anna Karla , Puton Bruna Maria Saorin , Peres Ana Paula da Silva , Cansian Rogério Luis , Pergher Sibele Berenice Castella , Acchar Wilson 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe main objective was to increase the applicability of palygorskite by palygorskite sheets using a tape casting method. The stability of the suspension was investigated and the tapes were characterized by TGA/DTA, XRD, and SEM‐FEG. The antimicrobial activity was analyzed in order to test the applicability of a newly modified drug release system that incorporates neomycin in palygorskite. Preliminary results showed that the palygorskite sheet prepared via the tape casting is promising for wound healing applications.
Sources and solutions for spurious test results in coagulation
Authors: Marlar Richard A. , Rollins‐Raval Marian A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the coagulation laboratory, much emphasis has been placed on rapid and accurate testing; however, spurious results that are inaccurate and do not reflect the actual status of the patient can potentially lead to an incorrect diagnosis and altered intervention. Errors in coagulation results and interpretation can occur at any point of the process from obtaining the specimen to interpretation and use of the result by the clinician. The main sources of error include the patient's biological and preanalytical variation, analytical testing, and postanalytical use of the reported result(s). This article reviews various sources of error leading to spurious results, providing methods to recognize these aberrant results and presenting solutions for minimizing their occurrence.
Myeloproliferative neoplasms: Diagnostic workup of the cythemic patient
Authors: Wong Waihay J , Pozdnyakova Olga 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevated peripheral blood (PB) cell counts, such as leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and polycythemia, are often the presenting symptom in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Because cythemias are nonspecific and may reflect either a reactive or neoplastic process, diagnostic workup of these patients is complicated and requires integration of numerous diagnostic modalities. Careful morphologic evaluation of the PB smear may provide insights into the underlying cause of the abnormal counts (such as the presence of teardrop erythrocytes in myelofibrosis or granulocytic dysplasia with left shift in atypical chronic myeloid leukemia). However, these morphologic findings need to be interpreted in concert with clinical findings and other laboratory results. In recent years, there has been a wealth of new genetic data in the field of MPN and many recurrent mutations have been identified, especially in cases lacking Philadelphia chromosome. Many of these genes impact the diagnosis and/or prognosis. Although certain mutations are preferentially enriched in specific MPN types, none of these mutations are disease defining; therefore, a thorough workup should always include a bone marrow biopsy for morphologic evaluation and diagnosis. This review will describe a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis of various MPN, with an emphasis on the diagnostic and prognostic implications of recurrent mutations in MPN.
The wonderful story of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Béné Marie C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies have become daily partners of both biologists and clinicians, as reagents and therapeutic agents. Behind their odd names and incredible diversity lies an amazing story of inventiveness and daring. This review tries to retrace the major steps of this saga, initiated by the search for anti‐rabbit red blood cell antibodies and currently culminating in amazing molecular constructions saving lives. After some historical and basic reminders, the fields of reagents and drugs will be addressed. This invaluable contribution of immunology to the understanding of both physiology and treatment clearly deserves to be fully recognized.
Oral anticoagulant monitoring: Are we on the right track?
Authors: Onundarson Pall T. , Flygenring Bjorn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVitamin K antagonists (VKAs) cannot be administered without regular monitoring in order to assure their efficacy and safety. Indeed, if well managed, the VKAs appear to be no less efficacious or safe than the newer direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Although it is claimed that no regular monitoring of the DOACs is needed, their levels are increasingly being measured under a variety of circumstances, for example, prior to surgery, in suspected overdose, to confirm effective reversal, in patients with malabsorption and to assess patient compliance. Although no therapeutic range has been identified for the DOACs, it has been demonstrated for dabigatran and edoxaban that their antithrombotic effect increases gradually with increasing concentrations and that the risk of major bleeding also gradually increases. Furthermore, it has been determined that almost all dabigatran‐related thrombotic events occur in patients with the lowest quartile concentration of the drug. This suggests that to assure an ideal effect of DOACs in all patients taking them, some form of regular monitoring and dose tailoring should be performed. For the vitamin K antagonists, the best outcome is obtained using formal algorithms and centralized management. Furthermore, data suggest that replacing the standard prothrombin time as a monitoring test may increase the stability of VKA anticoagulation with consequent reduction in thromboembolism without an increase in bleeding. Thus, it is likely that the outcome of all current oral anticoagulants can be improved in the coming years by improving monitoring and tailoring their effect.
Quality management and accreditation in laboratory hematology: Perspectives from India
Authors: Pai Swati , Frater John L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuality management (QM), including quality assurance and quality control, was developed in clinical laboratories in North America and Western Europe, but must be implemented worldwide to ensure accurate, reproducible, and clinically useful results. India, a middle income country with a population of over 1.34 billion, has limited budget allotted to health care. As yet accreditation for clinical laboratories is not mandatory, which contributes to challenges in implementing good laboratory practice. This review provides a summary of internationally laid down QM principles and their application in a middle income country like India.
The use of robots and other automated devices in nurses' work: An integrative review
Authors: Kangasniemi Mari , Karki Suyen , Colley Noriyo , Voutilainen Ari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFuture nursing shortages and advanced technological developments mean that robots and automated devices could play a valuable role in nursing, but little has been published on their use, and outcomes, to date.AimThis integrative review identified how robots are currently used in nursing and the outcomes of those initiatives.DesignThis study used integrative review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses.Data sourcesWe searched the CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for peer‐reviewed papers published in English from January 2010 to August 2018.Review methodsThe five‐stage review process by Whittemore and Knafl was used.ResultsThe 25 included papers showed that robots and automated devices were mainly used in nursing to deliver medication, monitor patients, and provide nursing treatments. The outcomes were evaluated in relation to patient safety, working time and workload, usability, and the end users' satisfaction. In addition, the costs, care outcomes, nurses' behaviour, and changes in working procedures were considered.ConclusionsRobots and automated devices have the potential to develop nurses' work, but more research and critical evaluations are needed to find the most suitable devices and focus on the functions that will provide the best outcomes for nurses' work.
The MTase15 regulates reproduction in the wing‐dimorphic planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Xu N. , Chen H.‐H. , Xue W.‐H. , Yuan X.‐B. , Xia P.‐Z. , Xu H.‐J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractS‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionine‐dependent methyltransferases (SAMMTases) modulate important cellular and metabolic activities in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here, we functionally characterized an SAMMTase gene (MTase15) in the migratory brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, which is the most notorious rice pest in Asia. The cDNA sequence of MTase15 is 2764 nt in length with an open reading frame of 1218 nt encoding 405 amino acid residues. Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis showed that MTase15 was readily detected from egg to adult stages and extensively distributed in various body parts of adult females and males, with slightly high levels in ovary and testis, respectively. In addition, MTase15 was transcriptionally regulated by the insulin signalling pathway in BPH. RNA‐interference‐mediated knockdown of MTase15 (dsMtase15) resulted in deficiencies in vitellogenin synthesis and oogenesis, and female infertility. Males with Mtase15 knockdown retained the capability of producing sperms with normal viability, but less sperm was transferred to wild‐type (wt) females during copulation, and eggs laid by these wt females arrested embryogenesis. These findings not only assign a functional role to MTase15, but also provide a link between the insulin signalling pathway and epigenetic regulation in BPH reproduction.
Theory of mind development in school environment: A case of children with mild intellectual disability learning in inclusive and special education classrooms
Authors: Smogorzewska Joanna , Szumski Grzegorz , Grygiel Paweł 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis longitudinal study examines the extent to which a school classroom (inclusive vs. special education) is meaningful for theory of mind (ToM) development among children with mild intellectual disability.Materials and MethodsThe participant group consisted of 166 primary school‐aged children (M = 8.1,SD = 0.99), 79 of whom attended inclusive classrooms; the remaining 87 were in special education classrooms.ResultsAlthough all children developed ToM over time, children's learning of ToM in inclusive classrooms was significantly greater than that seen in special classrooms. The difference remained significant after controlling for age. The present authors have compared children's individual and family characteristics, but there were almost no differences between groups.ConclusionsThe present authors discuss the results in the light of their importance for children's cognitive and social development. The implications for children's education are also considered.
Prevalence and correlates of autism spectrum disorder in Qatar: a national study
Authors: Alshaban Fouad , Aldosari Mohammed , Al‐Shammari Hawraa , El‐Hag Saba , Ghazal Iman , Tolefat Mohamed , Ali Mogahed , Kamal Madeeha , Abdel Aati Nazim , Abeidah Mahmoud , Saad Ahmad Hassan , Dekair Lobna , Al Khasawneh Mohanad , Ramsay Katrina , Fombonne Eric 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundFew epidemiological data on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) exist for Arabic countries. We conducted the first survey of ASD in Qatar, a population with high consanguinity level.MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey was conducted from 2015 to 2018 in Qatar school‐age children (N = 176,960) from national and immigrant families. Children diagnosed with ASD were identified through medical centers and special needs schools. Records were abstracted and supplemented by parental interviews. Additionally, children attending 93 schools were screened; ASD case status was confirmed in random samples of screen‐positive and screen‐negative children. Prevalence was estimated after taking into account different sampling fractions and participation rates at each survey phase.ResultsOne thousand three hundred and ninety‐three children already diagnosed with ASD were identified. Among 9,074 school survey participants, 760 screen‐negative children and 163 screen‐positive children were evaluated; 17 were confirmed to have ASD including five children newly diagnosed. Prevalence was 1.14% (95% CI: 0.89–1.46) among 6‐ to 11‐year‐olds. ASD was reported in full siblings/extended relatives in 5.9% (95% CI: 0.042–0.080)/11.8% (95% CI: 0.095–0.146) families. First‐degree consanguinity in Qatari cases (45%) was comparable to known population levels. Among 844 ASD cases (mean age: 7.2 years; 81% male), most children experienced language delay (words: 75.1%; phrase speech: 91.4%), and 19.4% reported developmental regression. At the time of the survey, persisting deficits in expressive language (19.4%) and peer interactions (14.0%) were reported in conjunction with behavioral problems (ADHD: 30.2%; anxiety: 11.0%). In multivariate logistic regression, ASD severity was associated with parental consanguinity, gestational diabetes, delay in walking, and developmental regression.ConclusionsASD prevalence in Qatar is consistent with recent international studies. The methods employed in this study should help designing comparable surveys in the region. We estimated that 187,000 youths under age 20 have ASD in Gulf countries. This figure should assist in planning health and educational services for a young, fast‐growing population.
Circulating complement‐1q tumor necrosis factor‐α‐related protein isoform 5 levels are low in type 2 diabetes patients and reduced by dapagliflozin
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Luo Yong , Liu Rui , Li Xiaoqiang , Yang Mengliu , Zhang Yu , Li Ling , Mou Huaming , Guo Lian , Li Jing , Liu Hua , Yang Gangyi , Zhang Xianxiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionAs a member of the tumor necrosis factor‐α‐related protein family, complement‐1q tumor necrosis factor‐α‐related protein isoform 5 (CTRP5) has been found to be associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Previous studies in humans and animals have reported contradictory results related to the association between CTRP5 and IR. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between CTRP5 and IR through a cross‐sectional study and drug intervention study of type 2 diabetes patients.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out with 118 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes and 116 healthy adults. In an interventional study, 78 individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes received sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) treatment for 3 months. Circulating CTRP5 concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsSerum CTRP5 concentrations were markedly reduced in patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with those of healthy individuals (P < 0.01). When considering the study population as a whole, individuals with IR (homeostasis model of assessment of IR ≥2.78) had lower CTRP5 concentrations than the individuals without IR (homeostasis model of assessment of IR <2.78; P < 0.01). Serum CTRP5 negatively correlated with age, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, Systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, 2‐h blood glucose, fasting insulin and homeostasis model of assessment of IR. After 12 weeks of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor treatment, serum CTRP5 levels in type 2 diabetes patients were significantly reduced accompanied with ameliorated glycometabolism and IR compared with before treatment (P < 0.01).ConclusionsCTRP5 is likely a marker for type 2 diabetes in humans.
Prolonged overall survival following metastasectomy in stage IV melanoma
Authors: Elias M.L. , Behbahani S. , Maddukuri S. , John A.M. , Schwartz R.A. , Lambert W.C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCurrent literature supports mixed conclusions regarding the outcomes of metastasectomy in Stage IV melanoma. The objective of this national study was to determine the associations of non‐primary site surgery with overall survival (OS) in Stage IV melanoma.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for all Stage IV melanoma cases diagnosed from 2004 to 2015. Cases missing treatment/staging data or undergoing palliative treatment were excluded (remaining n = 14 034). Patients were separated into ‘metastasectomy’ (n = 4214, 30.0%) and ‘non‐metastasectomy’ (n = 9820, 70.0%) cohorts. Survival outcomes were analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regressions.ResultsOn univariate analysis, patients with Stage IV melanoma undergoing metastasectomy (median survival: 15.67 month) had greater overall survival compared with those not receiving non‐primary surgery (median survival: 7.13 month; 5‐year OS 13.2% vs. 5.6%, P < 0.001). M1a patients that underwent non‐primary metastasectomy (median survival: 46.36 month) showed greater survival than those that did not (median survival: 15.31 month; P < 0.001). Metastasectomy was undertaken more frequently for cutaneous (M1a) metastasis compared with non‐M1a metastasis (34.6% vs. 28.4%, P < 0.001). Of those receiving metastasectomy, 20.3% also received primary site resection, 33.6% radiation, 26.5% chemotherapy and 31.5% immunotherapy. Controlling for covariates on Cox proportional hazard analysis, all metastasectomy patients demonstrated longer survival [Hazard Ratio = 0.519, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.495–0.545)] as well as when analysing solely M1a metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.546, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.456–0.653)], lung (M1b) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.389, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.328–0.462)] and visceral (M1c) metastasectomy patients [Hazard Ratio = 0.474, P < 0.001; CI 95% (0.434–0.517)].ConclusionMetastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is independently associated with improved OS in metastatic cases involving the skin, lung and visceral organs.