bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proses Peruraian Anaerobik Palm Oil Mill Effluent dengan Media Zeolit Termodifikasi
Authors: Mellyanawaty Melly , Alfiata Chusna Firda Mahira , Nofiyanti Estin 
Published: August 2019

A B S T R A C TThis work evaluated the effect of modified zeolite as microbial immobilization medium in anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME). The affinity of microorganisms to attach and grow on the media surface could be increased by the addition of micro-nutrient into the media. The effect of micro-nutrient addition was studied in 1000 mL Erlenmeyer flask as batch reactors. Experiments were conducted for 30 days. The concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in substrate was 8000 mg/L. Zeolite was impregnated with nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) at individual concentration of 2.7x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolite and 3.5x10‑3 mg Zn/g zeolite. The influence of each modified zeolite was determined by periodic measurement of sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, and biogas production. Cumulative biogas productions in this study were 252.44; 172.13; 57.70 ml from Ni-modified, Zn-modified and natural zeolites, respectively. The highest sCOD removal was obtained in reactor with Zn-modified zeolite with 38.22% removal, followed by 33.96% with Ni-modified zeolite, and 27.87% removal with natural zeolite.Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biogas; methane; palm oil mill effluent; zeoliteA B S T R A KPenelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh zeolit yang dimodifikasi sebagai media imobilisasi mikroorganisme pada proses anaerobik limbah palm oil mill effluent (POME). Afinitas mikroorganisme untuk melekat dan tumbuh di permukaan dapat meningkat dengan impregnasi mikronutrien pada media. Efek penambahan mikronutrien dipelajari dengan labu Erlenmeyer 1000 mL sebagai reaktor batch. Experimen dijalankan selama 30 hari. Konsentrasi soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) substrat yang digunakan adalah 8000 mg/L. Zeolit terimpregnasi Ni dan Zn yang digunakan memiliki kadar 2,7 x10-3 mg Ni/g zeolit dan 3,5x10-3 mg Zn/g zeolit. Pengaruh setiap zeolit yang dimodifikasi dievaluasi dengan mengukur konsentrasi sCOD, volatile fatty acid (VFA), pH, dan produksi biogas secara periodik. Akumulasi biogas penelitian ini sebesar 252,44; 172,13; 57,70 ml berturut-turut untuk zeolit modifikasi Ni, zeolit modifikasi Zn dan zeolit alam. Penurunan sCOD terbaik dihasilkan oleh zeolit termodifikasi Zn dengan nilai 38,22%, selanjutnya diikuti oleh zeolit termodifikasi Ni dan zeolit alam dengan nilai 33,96% dan 27,87%.Kata kunci: anaerobic digestion; biogas; metana; palm oil mill effluent; zeolit
Technological mercantilism and technological colonization: new challenges for Russia
Authors: Petrov A. N. , Kurakova N. G. , Uchkin I. A. 
Published: August 2019

An assessment is made of the prospects for Russia’s perception of advanced technological knowledge borrowed in industrialized countries for technological modernization of enterprises in the real sector of the economy. A review of the episodes of 2017–2019, which suggest that the policy of technological mercantelism is becoming more and more distinct and rigid forms, is presented. Especially frankly, it manifests itself in the example of relations between the USA and China, the USA and Russia.The history of the formation and evolution of technological protectionism, starting from the seventeenth century, is considered to the present day. It has been suggested that technological colonization, which is carried out by the technology-leading countries with respect to the countries of the technological periphery, is the highest evolutionary form of technological protectionism.
Współdziałanie miast na prawach powiatu – na przykładzie Wrocławia, Wałbrzycha, Legnicy i Jeleniej Góry
Authors: Pilarz Karina 
Published: August 2019

Zgodnie z polskim prawodawstwem jednostki samorządu terytorialnego mają
możliwość podejmowania wsp.łdziałania przy wykonywaniu zadań publicznych.
Podstawowe regulacje w tej kwestii zawarte są w przepisach ustaw ustrojowych,
kt.re przewidują tworzenie związk.w i stowarzyszeń oraz zawieranie porozumień.
Możliwości wsp.łdziałania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego nie ograniczają się
jednak wyłącznie do tych form. Mogą one r.wnież podejmować wsp.lne działania
z podmiotami prywatnymi w ramach partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego, a także
tworzyć sp.łki prawa handlowego i do nich przystępować. Szczeg.lną jednostkę
samorządową stanowi miasto na prawach powiatu, kt.re zgodnie z przepisami jest
gminą wykonującą r.wnież zadania spoczywające na powiatach. Zgodnie z obecnym
podziałem administracyjnym w Polsce jest 66 miast na prawach powiatu. Cztery
z nich znajdują się na obszarze wojew.dztwa dolnośląskiego – Wrocław, Wałbrzych,
Legnica oraz Jelenia G.ra. Celem artykułu jest przede wszystkim przedstawienie form
wsp.łdziałania, w jakich mogą uczestniczyć miasta na prawach powiatu z obszaru
wojew.dztwa dolnośląskiego, a także w jaki spos.b korzystają z tego uprawnienia.
Using translation as a pedagogical tool: A case study in a writing class at preparatory school
Authors: EKOÇ Arzu 
Published: August 2019

There has always been a controversy around the
use of translation in language teaching. When the word “translation” comes to
one’s mind, grammar-translation method is echoed at the same time. It is
criticized as an old-fashioned approach in language teaching. Nowadays, most
English language teachers agree that the teacher-centred grammar-translation
method does not make much pedagogical sense and only raises passive learners in
terms of creative thinking skills. Some scholars feverishly argue that translation
should be totally banned in language teaching. However, the grammar-translation
method and translation as a pedagogical tool in language classes should be
differentiated. Translation is a communicative activity as it takes place in
the real world. Students can think upon how they are saying something and can
promote their thinking skills when translation is used as a classroom practice.
In this case study, 23 B1 level students were asked to translate Turkish songs
and subtitle film scenes into English as a task in a writing class for a month.
Students regarded translating task into L2 as a valuable class activity in
their writing classes. In the semi-interviews conducted with the students, it
was seen that it helped them to expand their vocabulary knowledge and consider
pragmatic factors while translating. Moreover, it increased their awareness of
L1 and L2 differences. Therefore, there is a need for further research on the
effects of translation tasks on language learning and how it can be used in the
best way in language teaching.
Beyaz Adam’ın yazar söyleminin “Doğumu” ve “Ölümü”nün politiği ve çeviribilimdeki izdüşümleri
Authors: YILMAZ KUTLAY Sevcan 
Published: August 2019

Çeviribilimde yazara karşın çevirmenin “ikincil”
bir konumda olması uzun yıllardır tartışılagelen bir sorunsaldır. Bu “asimetrik
güç ilişkisi”nin metni tek bir anlama sahip, “kapalı” bir birim ve yazarı
anlamın belirleyicisi olarak gören edebiyat kuramlarından kaynaklandığı
bilinmektedir. Söz konusu eşitsizlik, “yazarın ölümü” tartışmalarıyla sarsılmış
ve yapısalcılık sonrası bakış açısıyla&nbsp;
“söküme uğratılmaya” çalışılmıştır. Ancak bu yazar söylemi daha geniş bir
bakış açısıyla irdelenmelidir çünkü söz konusu söylem sadece Çeviribilim’e ya
da edebiyata ait olmadığı gibi son dönem sömürgecilik faaliyetleriyle de
başlamamıştır ve yazarı öldürerek yerine konulan “çoğulcu”, bireyci
yapısalcılık sonrası söylem de aslında yazarı doğuran söylemin (politik ve
ekonomik temelleri açısından) yeniden vücut bulmuş hali olarak görülebilir.
Coğrafi keşiflerle ve Rönesans’la kendini “bilen, düşünen özne” olarak dünyanın
merkezine koyan “Batılı beyaz adam”, “keşfeden,&nbsp;
hükmeden ve belirleyen” bir söylemle karşımıza çıkmış ve politik ve
ekonomik temellere dayanan bu söylemini hayatın her alanına, her tür disipline
taşımıştır. Dünyayı “keşfeden batılı adam” kendini “yaratıcı” olarak
tanımlayınca karşısındaki tüm ötekiler ona “sadakat” göstermekle yükümlü olan
“nesne”lere dönüşmüştür. Bunun edebiyata izdüşümü ise “kadirimutlak” yazar
olmuştur. Öte yandan, herkesin yazar olabileceği “sınırsız”, “parçalanmış” ve
“çoğulcu” bir ortam sunma iddiasındaki yapısalcılık sonrası bakış daha örtük
güç ilişkileriyle kurulmuş yeni bir siyasal projenin düşünsel ayağı olarak
görülebilir. Bu bildiri, kuramlardan, betimleyicilik gibi kuramsal temelli
yöntemlerden kopan ve disiplinlerarasılıkla dizginsiz bir açılıma giden
Çeviribilim’in bir disiplin olarak geleceği ve çeviribilim araştırmalarının
yöntembilimsel sorunlarını yazar söyleminin doğumu ve ölümünün politiğini temel
alarak incelemeye çalışacaktır.
A comparative study on google translate: An error analysis of Turkish-to English translations in terms of the text typology of Katherina Reiss
Authors: KOÇER GÜLDAL Betül , İŞİSAĞ Korkut Uluç 
Published: August 2019

Machine Translation (MT) has become one of the
important topics of public interest especially with the advent of technology
and the blooming need for translation. Google
Translate, as an MT, provides quick translations; however, the quality of
the texts often remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to analyze the
translation errors of Google Translate
outputs conducted from Turkish into English. The errors are classified into
four major categories: Lexical Errors,
Morphological Errors, Syntactic Errors, Semantic and Pragmatic Errors,
which include subcategories. In parallel with the aim of the study, a text from
each of the three text types put forward by Katherina Reiss (1971), was chosen
to be translated by Google Translate and to be analyzed. These text types are Informative Texts, Expressive Texts, and Operative Texts. In the study, firstly
it is aimed to explore which of the main text types has more translation
errors, secondly, whether the translation error types vary by the main text
types or not. In order to deal with
this, both quantitative and qualitative analyses are utilized in the study. The
data analysis revealed that the main text type that has more translation errors
is the translation of operative text and expressive text,
respectively. It is also observed that the error pattern between the text types
was different. The informative text mainly includes lexical errors,
whereas operative and expressive mainly include semantic and pragmatic
errors. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that although&nbsp;Google Translate&nbsp;provides
much quicker translations among a large number of languages, there is still a
need for human assistance.
İlk Türk polisiye serilerini çeviribilim bağlamında yeniden düşünmek
Authors: ALTINTAŞ Özge , KARADAĞ Ayşe Banu 
Published: August 2019

Çeviri tarihi araştırmalarında “tercüme” kavramı
“Osmanlı kültürüne bağlı pek çok aktarım çeşidini kapsayan bir pratikler
bütünü” olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır (Paker, 2014: 67). Bu bağlamda “tercüme”
kavramı “nakl”, “taklid”, “te’lîf” gibi
kavramsal tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda
Osmanlı’nın “te’lîf”
eser anlayışının günümüzün “özgün” eser anlayışından farklı olarak “yabancı
sayılabilecek kaynak ya da kaynaklara dayanan, kısmen terceme olabilen, kısmen
yazarın katkılarıyla üretilen” eserleri kapsadığı vurgulanmaktadır (2014: 38).
Bu açıdan Osmanlı kültüründe “tercüme” “çok çeşitli yeniden yazma pratiklerini
kapsayan bir kavram” (2014: 42), “te’lîf” pratiği ise “terceme yollu bir sahiplenme edimi” (2014: 56) olarak
düşünülmektedir. Böylece te’lîf eser ve tercüme eser arasındaki
keskin sınırlar bulanıklaşmakta ve tercüme yoluyla oluşturulan eserler
karşımıza çıkmaktadır. “Te’lif” kavramının “tercüme” kavramı çerçevesinde
değerlendirilmesi, “te’lîf” ve
“tercüme” olarak sunulan eserlerin yeniden incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı’daki ilk yerli polisiye edebiyat örneklerini bu
çerçevede irdelemektir. Bahsi geçen polisiye edebiyat eserlerine “Türklerin
Sherlock Holmes’ü” olarak tanıtılan ve farklı “yazarlar” tarafından kaleme
alınan “Amanvermez” serileri (1913–1934) örnek gösterilebilir. İlk seri
polisiye edebiyat eserleri gerek kurgu gerek karakter yaratımı açısından Batılı
polisiye örneklerine benzemesine rağmen kendi döneminin
özelliklerini yansıtması sebebiyle “özgün mü?” yoksa “taklit mi?” sorularını
gündeme getirmiştir (Örn. Öztürk, 2012; Şahin, 2011). Bu çalışmada, eserlerin
yazıldığı dönemdeki işlevlerini anlamak için söz konusu eserler “terceme yollu
yazma” (Paker, 2014: 46) stratejisi olarak “te’lîf” kavramı ışığında yeniden
değerlendirilecektir.&nbsp;
Physiological and biochemical characteristics of the <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strains isolated from natural sources
Authors: Safonova M. E. , Naidenko I. A. , Buko A. I. 
Published: August 2019

The data have been presented on physiological and biochemical properties (growth, acidogenic, proteolytic and antagonistic аctivity, resistance to NaCl) of lactic acid bacterial strains of Lactococcus lactis isolated from Belarus natural sources. These strains are promising for use as starter cultures for fermented dairy products, cheese.
PR-proteins as markers of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L.</i>) resistance to leaf pathogens
Authors: Viazau Y. V. , Radyuk M. S. , Filipchik E. A. , Shalygo N. V. 
Published: August 2019

Using real-time PCR analysis, the constitutive expression of PR-protein genes encoding thaumatin-like protein (TLP), peroxidase III (TaPero), chitinase (Chitin), glucanase (Glucan), protease inhibitor (PrInh), oxalate oxidase (OxOxid) and lipid transfer protein (Ltp) was studied in collection varieties of winter wheat. It has been shown that plants of varieties with increased resistance to a complex of leaf pathogens have higher constitutive expression levels of Chitin and PrInh genes, and, to a greater extent, of TLP, TaPero and Glucan genes, compared with non-resistant varieties. It is proposed to use constitutive levels of expression of TLP, TaPero and Glucan genes for the selection of winter wheat varietal samples with increased resistance to the complex of leaf diseases.
BUILDING A MARKETING STRATEGY IN ENHANCING SALES, PROFITABILITY AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY OF A NEW BUSINESS A CASE STUDY ON SALTED EGG SAUCE NEW BUSINESS: "DOUBLE WUENAK" (DW)
Authors: Salamin Petrus Pius , Ayu Dewi 
Published: August 2019

Tujuan penelitian – This analysis aims to know the market opportunity, and what marketing strategy to be applied which has impact on enhancing sales, profitability and financial feasibility of this new business.Metode Penelitian - The data used in this analysis is the projection data which is based on market prices this moment, and the price projected for the next five (5) years. Method used in determining market opportunity, and sales projection is opinion method both from the owners it self and the marketer, and methods of experiment and market survey. Methods used in determining the financial feasibility are Prsent Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), Payback Period, and Average Rate of Return (ARR). In enhancing sales, profitability and financial feasibility of this new business it must be supported by an oppropriate marketing strategy (Prduct, Price, Distribution and Promotion strategies).Temuan - The result of market opportunity analysis supported by an appropriate marketing strategy shows that this busniness is feasible. Potensial market/consummers at the first year (2018) is 4.800, and it will increase to 11.520 in 2022, with an average growth of 25% per year. In according to the potential market above, the revenue form sales in 2018 is projected Rp 312.000.000, and it will increase to Rp 864.000.000 in 2022, with an average growth of 29% per year. In line with the above sales, as shown in Pro Forma Income Statement, this business is gaining net profit Rp 48.450.680 in 2018, and it will increase to Rp 451.266.023 in 2022, with an average growth of 76.6% per year. Using the investment criterions such as Net Present Value, Paybak Period, Profitability Index, and Average Rate of Return to measure its financial feasibility, this business is feasible. The NPV is positive, and PI > 1, ARR is 391.1% (3.91), while the Payaback Period is only 1 year and 0. 2 month.Keterbatasan penelitian - The limitation of this analysis is that it focus on a case, and future projection may be affected by future changes in external factors.Kata Kunci: Market Opportunities, marketing strategy and Financial Feasibility (NPV, PI, Payback Period, and ARR)
ANALISIS PENGARUH SHIFT KERJA TERHADAP BEBAN KERJA MENTAL PADA OPERATOR DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS) DENGAN METODE NASA-TAKS LOAD INDEX (TLX) (Studi Kasus: PT. Cahaya Fajar Kaltim)
Authors: Surya Riko Ardhi , Fathimahhayati Lina Dianati , Sitania Farida D. 
Published: August 2019

PT Cahaya Fajar Kaltim merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). Pada tanggal 26 Maret 2003 merupakan awal resminya PT. Cahaya Fajar Kaltim yang beroperasi di daerah Embalut, Tanjung Batu, Tenggarong Seberang, Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur. Sistem produksi yang digunakan di PT Cahaya Fajar Kaltim menggunakan sistem otomasi sehingga semua proses produksi dilakukan secara terpusat dengan menggunakan piranti elektronik berupa komputer di area Distributed Control System (DCS). Karena sifatnya yang vital, menjadikan area DCS rentan terhadap resiko yang berdampak besar. Di area DCS, para operator dituntut dalam memantau dan memberikan keputusan yang tepat disaat kondisi darurat. Kondisi ini membuat beban kerja mental yang dirasakan oleh operator tinggi. Pengukuran beban kerja mental pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode NASA- Taks Load Indexs (TLX) dengan mempertimbangkan 3 kondisi kerja yang berbeda yaitu shift pagi pada pukul 07.00-15.00, shift siang pada pukul 15.00-23.00, dan shift malam pada pukul 23.00-07.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa beban kerja mental yang diperoleh operator boiler di area DCS didapat pada shift pagi termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 55,89, pada shift siang termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental agak tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 49,41, dan pada shift malam termasuk ke dalam kategori beban kerja mental tinggi dengan nilai skor sebesar 60,52. Berdasarkan metode NASA-TLX shift kerja yang paling tingi dirasakan operator boiler di (DCS) PT.CFK adalah shift malam yang disebabkan oleh menurunnya daya konsentrasi karena rasa mengantuk, kemudian shift pagi yang disebabkan banyaknya tugas yang diberikan meliputi input data, kontroling, dan pengawasan namun operator bisa menyesuaikan kondisi, kemudian terakhir pada shift siang hari sama kondisinya dengan shift pagi namun banyaknya tugas jauh berkurang tugas hanya meliputi kontroler dan pengawasan. Rekomendasi dapat diberikan terhadap hasil nilai perhitungan dan analisa beban kerja mental operator boiler Distributed Control System (DCS) di PT.Cahaya Fajar Kaltim yaitu dengan menerapkan sistem shift baru, menyediakan tempat istirahat yang memadai, membangun fasilitas dan prasarana pendukung, dan juga memberikan pelatihan keamanan kerja yang rutin.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Tamarindus indica Terhadap Kenaikan Berat Badan Pada Tikus Rattus norvegicus Yang Diberi Diet Obesitas
Authors: Putri Candra Rini Hasanah , Sunaryati Titiek 
Published: August 2019

Obesity is a health problem whose prevalence tends to increase in Indonesia. Obesity becomes a concern, because it is one of the parameters that often followed by impaired of glucose tolerance in the metabolic syndrome. In Indonesia, Tamarindus indica is believed as a body slimming substance so it has possibility to become an alternative therapy that is easily available and cheap for obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Tamarindus indica in inhibiting obesity. This experiment used 28 male Wistar strains in 2-3 months age that were divided into groups: group 1 (negative control, normal diet without Tamarindus indica), group 2 (positive control, obese diet without Tamarindus indica), group 3 (obese diet + Tamarindus indica 2700mg/kg BW), and group 4 (obese diet + Tamarindus indica 3600mg/kg BW). Measurement were performed in the first day after acclimization before treatment (day 8), and repeated weekly afterwards, ie at day 15, 22, 29, 36, and 43. Anova and Tukey Simultaneous statistics test were performed to see the differences in wight gain per week compared with the first week of study, then compared between groups. Furthermore, a virtual screening that called insilico bioinformatics analyzes was performed to test the binding activity between quercetin and rutin (compounds in Tamarindus indica) with fatty acid synthase, an enzym that plays a role in de novo synthesis of fatty acids. Tamarindus indica was shown to significantly inhibit weight gain in rats with obese diet food (P=0.000), but differences dose of Tamarindus indica did not appear to have significant effect to inhibit obesity (P=0.321). The ability of Tamarindus indica is due to the compounds quercetin and rutin, where these two ingredients estimated to have the ability to inhibit fatty acid synthase with high strength.
The Effect of Anti Masquito Electric Gas that Consist Allethrin That Influence The Weight and Colour of Rats Liver
Authors: Nurmawanti Nurmawanti , Soekanto Ayly 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research is to know the influence of anti mosquito electric gas that consisted Allethrin to the weight and colour of the rats liver. This research used an experimental method with the post test only control group design. The subject of this research is male rats weight of 150 grams each and total there was 24 rats that were divided to 4 groups. The first one, the control groups (PO) was not given any of the gas, the second one, group 1 (P1) was given the gas for 4 hours everday, the third one, group 2 (P2), was given for 6 hours and last, group 3 (P3) was given 8 hours everyday. After later, on 30 Th day, the rats were terminated and being put in a surgery to remove their liver. This data was analyzed using SPPS for windows version 16. To see the differences in weight between the groups, it was analyzed using anova, and to obtain the discoloration of the rats liver was analyzed using Kruskal Wallis Test. From the statistic tests, it show that there is significant difference in weight and color of liver in the group that α ≤ 0,05. According Anova Test, it shows that there is a significant difference α = 0,034 and from Kruskal Wallis test α = 0,013. In the conclusion anti mosquito electric gas that consist Allethrin affects the weight and the color of rats liver.