bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Layered SnS2 on Ultralight Graphene Fiber Fabrics as Binder-Free Anodes for Enhanced Practical Capacity of Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Ren Zongling , Wen Jie , Liu Wei , Jiang Xiaoping , Dong Yanheng , Guo Xiaolong , Zhao Qiannan , Ji Guipeng , Wang Ronghua , Hu Ning , Qu Baihua , Xu Chaohe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Generally, the practical capacity of an electrode should include the weight of non-active components such as current collector, polymer binder, and conductive additives, which were as high as 70 wt% in current reported works, seriously limiting the practical capacity. This work pioneered the usage of ultralight reduced graphene fiber (rGF) fabrics as conductive scaffolds, aiming to reduce the weight of non-active components and enhance the practical capacity. Ultrathin SnS2 nanosheets/rGF hybrids were prepared and used as binder-free electrodes of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The interfused graphene fibers endow the electrode a porous, continuous, and conductive network. The in situ phase transformation from SnO2 to SnS2 could preserve the strong interfacial interactions between SnS2 and graphene. Benefitting from these, the designed binder-free electrode delivers a high specific capacity of 500 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at a current rate of 0.5 A g−1 with almost 100% Coulombic efficiency. Furthermore, the weight percentage of SnS2 in the whole electrode could reach up to 67.2 wt%, much higher than that of common electrode configurations using Cu foil, Al foil, or carbon cloth, significantly highlighting the ultralight characters and advantages of the rGF fabrics for using as binder-free electrodes of SIBs.
Developing agency in the transition to self‐management of cystic fibrosis in young people
Authors: Cronly Jennifer , Savage Eileen 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionYoung people living with a chronic illness must be supported by healthcare professionals and parents to manage their care as they move through adolescence and into adulthood. The concept of agency is relevant to this process as it involves reflecting on one's behaviour and its consequences, and considering alternative possibilities, before committing to a course of action.MethodsThe aim of this study was to explore the role of agency in young people's transition to self‐management of cystic fibrosis. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were carried out with 13 young people (7 female, 6 male) aged 13‐22 years, recruited from three cystic fibrosis clinics in the Republic of Ireland.ResultsBy self‐monitoring their behaviour and managing their symptoms the young people described a process by which they employed agency and as a result, gained confidence and a sense of control over their illness. Although, parents and health care professionals aided in the development of agency, the young people explained that it was occasionally threatened, particularly in their interactions with health care professionals. This led the young person to react defensively, and negatively affected their relationship with health care professionals.ConclusionsFor young people to feel supported empowered in the management of their illness, their developing ability to exercise agency must be respected and encouraged through collaborative decision making.
Information Theory for Model Diagnostics: Structural Error is Indicated by Trade‐Off Between Functional and Predictive Performance
Authors: Ruddell Benjamin L. , Drewry Darren T. , Nearing Grey S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBecause of the possibility of getting the right answers for the wrong reasons, the predictive performance of a complex systems model is not by itself a reliable indicator of hypothesis quality for the purposes of scientific learning about processes. The predictive performance of a structurally adequate model should be an emergent property of its functional performance. In this context, any Pareto trade‐off between measures of predictive performance versus functional performance indicates process‐level error in the model; this trade‐off, if it exists, indicates that the model's predictions are right for the wrong functional reasons. This paper demonstrates a novel concept based on information theory that is capable of attributing observed errors to specific processes. To demonstrate that the concept and method hold true for models and observations of real systems, we employ a minimal single‐parameter‐variation sensitivity analysis using a sophisticated ecohydrology model, MLCan, for a well‐monitored field site (Bondville IL Ameriflux Soybean). We identify both functional and predictive error in MLCan, and also evidence of the hypothesized tradeoffs between the two. This trade‐off indicates structural error within MLCan. For example, the sensible heat flux process can be calibrated to achieve good predictive performance at the cost of poor functional performance. In contrast, we find little structural error for processes driven by solar radiation, which appear “right for the right reasons.” This method could be applied broadly to pinpoint process error and structural error in a wide range of system models, beyond the ecohydrological scope demonstrated here.
Adsorption properties of graphite oxide for Rhodamine B
Authors: Yin Minyuan , Pan Yusong , Pan Chengling 
Published: August 2019

In the present study, the adsorption properties of graphite oxide (GO) for Rhodamine B (RhB) under different conditions was investigated. The specific surface area of the GO adsorbent decreased from 71.5 m2 g−1 for before adsorption of RhB to 4.9 m2 g−1 for after adsorption of RhB. The maximum adsorption capacity was 578.0 mg g−1 at 303.15 K. Moreover, the pH value has a great influence on the adsorption properties of GO. The adsorption capacity of GO for RhB increased first and then decreased with the rise of pH value. Study on the adsorption kinetics verified that the adsorption process conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order model adsorption process. The isothermal model is consistent with the Langmuir isothermal model and belongs to the monolayer chemical adsorption.
Design of core–shell gold‐coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles as a theranostic for targeted magnetic resonance imaging and photoablation therapy
Authors: Goldstein Daniel , Han Chendong , Mahan Matthew , Doiron Amber 
Published: August 2019

A theranostic refers to the concept of integrating diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into a single platform. In this work, a layer of gold was reduced around superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles to be used as a theranostic for magnetic resonance imaging and photoablation. In addition, a gold shell was included in the particle design to improve biocompatibility, stabilise nanoparticles in suspension, and allow robust surface functionalisation. Gold‐coated SPIO nanoparticles of 8 nm in diameter exhibited surface plasmon resonance while also maintaining their superparamagnetic nature. Energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the existence of gold at the surface of the nanoparticles, the thickness of which was 0.5 nm based on transmission electron microscopy measurements. To demonstrate their potential for targeted therapies, nanoparticles were targeted to VCAM‐1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and detected via darkfield microscopy.
Use of high temperature X‐ray diffraction and pair distribution function for the study of carbonation characteristics of Barium Titanate at nanoscale
Authors: Islam Sahanoor , Biswas Ripan Kumar , Ghosh Jiten 
Published: August 2019

Barium titanate (BT) is extensively used in electronic industries for its high dielectric constant. However, the dielectric properties of BT significantly change due to carbonation at nanoscale. Commercially available tetragonal BT powder was milled to study the local atomic distribution and phase transformation behaviour with temperature. Nano BT powder was prepared by the high energy ball milling (90 h) from its bulk counterpart. It was carbonated when it was exposed to open atmosphere. The milled BT sample was characterised by high temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD), pair distribution function (PDF) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Local atomic distribution was obtained from PDF analysis. The peak due to C–O and Ba–C pair distance were observed from PDF for 90 h milled carbonated BT. TEM analysis revealed that particle diameter was in the range of 15–50 nm. How the phase of nano BT ceramics transformed with temperature was strudied. It was observed that orthorhombic BT transformed into tetragonal and cubic phase via the monoclinic phase during heating at 900°C. Coexistence of multi phases of BT was also observed from HT‐XRD. BaCO3 disappeared at high temperature.
Formation of rocky and icy planetesimals inside and outside the snow line: effects of diffusion, sublimation, and back-reaction
Authors: Hyodo Ryuki , Ida Shigeru , Charnoz Sébastien 
Published: August 2019

Context. Streaming instability is a possible mechanism to form icy planetesimals. It requires special local conditions such as a high solid-to-gas ratio at the midplane and typically more than a centimeter in size (Stokes number >0.01). Silicate grains cannot grow to such a size through pairwise collisions. It is important to clarify where and when rocky and icy planetesimals are formed in a viscously evolving disk.
Aims. We wish to understand how local runaway pile-up of solids (silicate and water ice) occurs inside or outside the snow line.
Methods. We assumed an icy pebble contains micron-sized silicate grains that are uniformly mixed with ice and are released during the ice sublimation. Using a local one-dimensional code, we solved the radial drift and the turbulent diffusion of solids and the water vapor, taking account of their sublimation and condensation around the snow line. We systematically investigated the effects of back-reactions of solids to gas on the radial drift and diffusion of solids, scale height evolution of the released silicate particles, and possible differences in effective viscous parameters between those for turbulent diffusion (αtur) and those for the gas accretion rate onto the central star (αacc). We also studied the dependence on the ratio of the solid mass flux to the gas (Fp/g).
Results. We show that the favorable locations for the pile-up of silicate grains and icy pebbles are the regions in the proximity of, both inside and outside, the water snow line, respectively. We find that runaway pile-ups occur when both the back-reactions for radial drift and diffusion are included. In the case with only the back-reaction for the radial drift, runaway pile-up is not found except in extremely high pebble flux, while the condition of streaming instability can be satisfied for relatively large Fp/g as found in the past literature. If the back-reaction for radial diffusion is considered, the runaway pile-up occurs for a reasonable value of pebble flux. The runaway pile-up of silicate grains that would lead to formation of rocky planetesimals occurs for αtur ≪ αacc, while the runaway pile-up of icy pebbles is favored for αtur ~ αacc. Based on these results, we discuss timings and locations of rocky and icy planetesimals in an evolving disk.
Narrative Recording as Relational Practice in Social Services: A Case Study from a Scottish Carer Support Organisation
Authors: Miller E , Barrie K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Narrative recording in case records and individual plans within social services represents the means by which stories can be constructed with and about the people with whom services work, influencing relationship building and outcomes. Identities and decision-making are forged in records, shaping people’s lives. Yet, limited attention is paid to narrative recording in research and practice. Indeed, recording, which increasingly veers towards ‘box-ticking’, is viewed by practitioners as a bureaucratic burden, limiting time for the ‘real job’ of face-to-face work. Drawing on Ricoeur’s narrative hermeneutics in exploring qualitative data from a carer support organisation, we identify the potential contribution of narrative recording. Carers often seek support when their sense of identity and quality of life is diminished by their unpaid caring role. We explore practitioners’ views about the role of the narrative record in holding memories, feeding into recognition of capable agency, clarifying possibilities for action, restoration of identity and wellbeing. Applying a Ricoeurian lens demonstrates how attaining these benefits require recording practice which supports recognition through relational practice, in pursuit of better outcomes for carers. Carer benefits could be enhanced by carers holding a copy of and being able to reflect on and further contribute to their own plan.
Colonization routes, microevolutionary genetic structure and conservation concerns in a remote widespread insular endemic grass: the case of the Azorean tussock grass Deschampsia foliosa
Authors: Moura Mónica , Catálan Pilar , Brehm António , Menezes De Sequeira Miguel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPopulation genetic structure and diversity and phylogeographical dispersal routes were assessed for the Azorean endemic grass Deschampsia foliosa using AFLP markers. This species occurs on seven islands in the archipelago and a sampling of populations from the three main geographical groups of islands was used, covering its known distribution. Principal coordinates analyses (PCoAs), Bayesian analyses and phylogenetic networks revealed different degrees of admixture for the central group (C) populations and a clear differentiation for the western group (W) and São Miguel island (in the eastern group, E) populations. The best K values corresponded to nine and 11 genetic groups, which were also confirmed by analysis of molecular variance. A low but significant correlation between genetic data and geography was observed, with most relevant barriers to gene flow generally placed between sub-archipelagos. We suggest a west-to-east isolation by distance dispersal model across an island age continuum with Flores–Corvo (W) and Pico (C) at the extremes of the dispersal path. An alternative scenario, also supported by the genetic data, implies an initial colonization of São Jorge (C), dispersal within C and following bidirectional dispersal to the W and E. The phylogeographical framework detected might be related to island age and to highly destructive volcanic events, and it supports the occurrence of cryptic diversity within D. foliosa. Genetic diversity estimators were highest for Pico island populations (C), lowest for São Miguel (E) and Flores (W) populations, and more divergent for the Corvo population (W). Conservation measures should be taken to preserve the genetic structure found across sub-archipelagos and islands.
Early Impact of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Use on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Adults With and Without Underlying Medical Conditions—United States
Authors: Ahmed Sana S , Pondo Tracy , Xing Wei , McGee Lesley , Farley Monica , Schaffner William , Thomas Ann , Reingold Arthur , Harrison Lee H , Lynfield Ruth , Rowlands Jemma , Bennett Nancy , Petit Susan , Barnes Meghan , Smelser Chad , Beall Bernard , Whitney Cynthia G , Pilishvili Tamara 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The 13-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) was introduced for US children in 2010 and for immunocompromised adults ≥19 years old in series with the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in 2012. We evaluated PCV13 indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) among adults with and without PCV13 indications.

Methods
Using Active Bacterial Core surveillance and the National Health Survey, using Active Bacterial Core surveillance and the National Health Interview Survey, we estimated and compared IPD incidence in 2013–2014 and 2007–2008, by age and serotype group (PCV13, PPSV23-unique, or nonvaccine types [NVTs]), among adults with and without PCV13 indications.

Results
IPD incidence declined among all adults. Among adults 19–64 years, PCV13-type IPD declined 57% (95% confidence interval [CI], −68% to −43%) in adults with immunocompromising conditions (indication for PCV13 use), 57% (95% CI, −62% to –52%) in immunocompetent adults with chronic medical conditions (CMCs, indications for PPSV23 use alone), and 74% (95% CI, −78% to −70%) in adults with neither vaccine indication. Among adults aged ≥65 years, PCV13-type IPD decreased 68% (95% CI, −76% to −60%) in those with immunocompromising conditions, 68% (95% CI, −72% to −63%) in those with CMCs, and 71% (95% CI, −77% to −64%) in healthy adults. PPSV23-unique types increased in adults 19‒64 years with CMCs, and NVTs did not change among adults with or without PCV13 indications. From 2013 to 2014, non-PCV13 serotypes accounted for 80% of IPD.

Conclusions
IPD incidence among US adults declined after PCV13 introduction in children. Similar reductions in PCV13-type IPD in those with and without PCV13 indications suggest that observed benefits are largely due to indirect effects from pediatric PCV13 use rather than direct use among adults.
Healthcare Transition Outcomes Among Young Adults With Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the United States
Authors: Tassiopoulos Katherine , Huo Yanling , Patel Kunjal , Kacanek Deborah , Allison Susannah , Siminski Suzanne , Nichols Sharon L , Mellins Claude A ,   Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS), Yogev Ram , Sanders Margaret Ann , Malee Kathleen , Pyun Yoonsun , Shearer William , Paul Mary , Cooper Norma , Harris Lynnette , Purswani Murli , Baig Mahboobullah Mirza , Villegas Alma , Puga Ana , Navarro Sandra , Garvie Patricia A , Blood James , Burchett Sandra K , Karthas Nancy , Kammerer Betsy , Wiznia Andrew , Burey Marlene , Shaw Ray , Auguste Raphaelle , Dieudonne Arry , Bettica Linda , Johnson Juliette , Chen Janet S , Bulkley Maria Garcia , White Taesha , Grant Mitzie , Knapp Katherine , Allison Kim , Wilkins Megan , Russell-Bell Jamie , Acevedo-Flores Midnela , Rios Heida , Olivera Vivian , Silio Margarita , Gabriel Medea , Sirois Patricia , Spector Stephen A , Norris Kim , Nichols Sharon , McFarland Elizabeth , Barr Emily , Glenny Carrie , Dunn Jennifer , Scott Gwendolyn , Alvarez Grace , Fernandez Gabriel , Cuadra Anai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YPHIVs) living in the United States are transitioning to adult clinical care, yet there is little information on factors that affect transition outcomes.

Methods
YPHIVs aged ≥18 years in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) AMP Up cohort approaching or having completed transition from pediatric to adult healthcare were included. Demographic and clinical characteristics and self-reported ability to self-manage healthcare were compared by transition status, and multivariable logistic regression models examined factors associated with satisfaction with, and retention in, adult clinical care (clinic visit within the previous 6 months).

Results
Most of the 455 YPHIVs, regardless of transition status, reported satisfaction with their clinic and care provider, but many reported antiretroviral medication nonadherence. Of the 124 YPHIVs who had transitioned, 56% had periods of unsuppressed HIV-1 RNA in the year before transition. Those who had transitioned were more likely to report high ability to self-manage their healthcare (ability to manage ≥7 of 8 skills) than those not transitioned. High self-management was associated with retention after transition (odds ratio, 3.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–9.12). Higher perceived emotional social support was also associated with retention. Older age at transition was associated with greater satisfaction with provider and clinic.

Conclusions
YPHIVs have positive associations with their clinical care around the time of their transition to adult care, but unsuppressed viral load and suboptimal adherence are a concern. Strengthening skills that increase ability to self-manage care and enhance social support may increase retention in care and improve clinical health.
A Smart Disaster Management Framework For Wildfire Detection and Prediction
Authors: Kaur Harkiran , Sood Sandeep K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wildfires are exorbitantly cataclysmic disasters that lead to the destruction of forest cover, wildlife, land resources, human assets, reduced soil fertility and global warming. Every year wildfires wreck havoc across the globe. Therefore, there is a need of an efficient and reliable system for real-time wildfire monitoring to dilute their disastrous effects. Internet of Things (IoT) has demonstrated remarkable evolution and has been successfully adopted in environmental monitoring domain. Therefore, timely detection and prediction of wildfires is the need of the hour. The proliferation of the IoT has been witnessed in the environment monitoring domain for detection and prediction of several environmental hazards. This research proposes an integrated IoT–fog–cloud framework for real-time detection and prediction of forest fires. Initially, a Bayesian belief network is used to detect the outbreak of wildfire at fog layer followed by real-time alert generation to the forest department offices and fire-fighting stations. Cloud layer-assisted fuzzy-based long-term wildfire prediction and monitoring is responsible for determining the susceptibility of a forest terrain to wildfire outbreak based on wildfire susceptibility index (WSI). Furthermore, WSI is used for risk zone mapping of forest terrains.
Diagnosability of the Cayley Graph Generated by Complete Graph with Missing Edges under the MM$^{\ast }$ Model
Authors: Ren Yunxia , Wang Shiying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Diagnosability of a multiprocessor system is an important research topic. The system and an interconnection network have an underlying topology, which is usually presented by a graph. Under the Maeng and Malek's (MM) model, to diagnose the system, a node sends the same task to two of its neighbors, and then compares their responses. The MM$^{*}$ is a special case of the MM model and each node must test all pairs of its adjacent nodes. In 2009, Chiang and Tan (Using node diagnosability to determine $t$-diagnosability under the comparison diagnosis (cd) model. IEEE Trans. Comput., 58, 251–259) proposed a new viewpoint for fault diagnosis of the system, namely, the node diagnosability. As a new topology structure of interconnection networks, the nest graph $CK_{n}$ has many good properties. In this paper, we study the local diagnosability of $CK_{n}$ and show it has the strong local diagnosability property even if there exist $(\frac{n(n-1)}{2}-2)$ missing edges in it under the MM$^{*}$ model, and the result is optimal with respect to the number of missing edges.