bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem cell transplantation and allogeneic immunity: post treatment control or HIV cure?
Authors: Cleary Megan , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Long-lasting HIV remission has been reported in a small group of people with HIV (PWH) following allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. While the mechanisms of HIV remission following release from antiretroviral therapy (ART) were not initially known, subsequent findings from clinical cases and preclinical nonhuman primate studies have implicated mechanisms of clearance. Here, we review the six currently published human cases of long-term ART-free HIV remission.

Recent findings
Since the first report of ART-free HIV remission following HSCT, five subsequent cases of HSCT-induced sustained HIV remission have been published. While the pre- and posttransplant treatment conditions vary greatly, all but one received cells from donors homozygous for a 32 bp deletion in the gene that encodes CCR5 (ccr5Δ32), the major HIV coreceptor. Studies in nonhuman primates and the newest published individual suggest that while CCR5 deficiency can protect donor cells from infection early posttransplant, it is not required for long term remission, as ablation of the viral reservoir is likely due to allogeneic immunity mediating a graft-versus-reservoir response.

Summary
Studies of HSCT in PLWH and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected monkeys show that those with durable remission are likely cured, demonstrated by complete ablation of the replication-competent HIV reservoir, gradual loss of anti-HIV immunity, and greater than 5 years of aviremia.
A retrospective study on the relationship between plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid levels and short-term prognosis of cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure
Authors: Wang Jinxin , Zou Dan , Song Xiaoshuai , Gao Luyao , Chi Kai , Xu Ping , Rui Haiying , Yu Huaxiang , Liu Lulu , Wu Xuting , Zou Wenyi , Wang Fengxin , Li Yuting , Li Anqi , Li Ran , Xue Li , Chen Yuguo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Ketone body metabolism can improve cardiomyocytes metabolism and reduce myocardial oxygen consumption; however, its role in the short-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of β-hydroxybutyric acid, the main component of ketone bodies, on the short-term prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure.

Methods
This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled patients admitted to the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University for acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. According to whether β-hydroxybutyric acid was elevated or not, subjects were divided into a β-hydroxybutyric acid elevated and nonelevated groups, to observe the difference in cardiac function improvement between the two groups.

Results
This study included a total of 260 patients, of which 170 exhibited elevated levels of β-hydroxybutyric acid. Compared to the patients in the nonelevated group, patients in the elevated β-hydroxybutyric acid group had higher plasma levels of creatine kinase myocardial band and greater Gensini scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that an increase in β-hydroxybutyric acid levels (odds ratio: 2.517; 95% confidence intervals: 1.394–4.597; P = 0.002) is an independent protective factor affecting the prognosis of cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure.

Conclusion
In patients with acute myocardial infarction combined with heart failure, plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid serves as an independent protective factor for short-term improvement in cardiac function.
Trauma team activation criteria for potential major trauma in the adult population: a narrative review
Authors: Garrido Callén Alberto , Pérez Torres Manuel , Vasco Castaño Dovami , Cui Liu Cui Jie , González Gómez María , Muñoz Varea María , Bardal Ruiz Alfredo , López Cuenca Sonia , Martin Pellicer Ana , Merino Vega Carmen Débora , Fernandéz Martín-Caro Ignacio , Maqueda Lluva Diego , Pérez Marquéz Manuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traumatic disease is a common cause of death and disability in the young population. The presence of a trauma team ensures the quality of patient management, thus improving patient outcomes. Therefore, triage is an essential part of trauma care, especially for potential major trauma patients, who present significant challenges due to the lack of universal and centralized criteria. This narrative review aimed to present an overview of the main studies conducted thus far, focusing on the screening of adult patients in both prehospital and in-hospital settings, along with the latest guidelines published in 2021. Our approach involved a nonsystematic literature review, with a particular emphasis on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies published in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We analyzed the different tools proposed for patient screening and incorporated them into our protocol for triaging potential trauma patients who could benefit from early trauma team activation. In conclusion, our review underscores the importance of incorporating accurate physiological criteria and suspected injury patterns into a trauma team activation protocol. We also highlight the ongoing challenges in refining the mechanistic aspects of trauma and special considerations. Moving forward, continued research with new machine learning models and collaboration among trauma experts may be crucial for enhancing the precision and effectiveness of trauma triage, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and optimal resource allocation.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE OUTCOMES OF PNEUMATIC VITREOLYSIS FOR THE TREATMENT OF VITREOMACULAR TRACTION
Authors: De Clerck Ivo , Bivort Juliette , Van Calster Joachim , Stalmans Peter 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
To study the effectiveness and safety of pneumatic vitreolysis (PVL) for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) and macular holes (MHs) with VMT.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, monocentric analysis of 92 consecutive VMT (±MH) patients treated with pneumatic vitreolysis at University Hospitals Leuven between January 2022 and March 2024.

Results:
Release of VMT occurred in 60% of the patients who had VMT and in 86% of the patients who had MHs. MH closure occurred in 29% of the small MHs. Lens status was the only predictor of VMT release, with an odds ratio of 0.232 for pseudophakia (P = 0.013). Successful pneumatic vitreolysis was associated with significant improvements in the best-corrected visual acuity in patients with VMT (P = 0.007) and in patients with MHs (P = 0.034). Two patients (2.2%) suffered a retinal tear, one of which led to retinal detachment. Two patients with VMT (3.17%) developed a MH.

Conclusion:
Pneumatic vitreolysis using the injection of 0.2 cc of C2F6 and subsequent posturing seems to be beneficial with limited complications for symptomatic focal VMT and for (very) small MHs with VMT, especially in phakic patients. The complication rate in this study was lower than that previously reported.
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments and Keratoconus Progression: A Case Series Study
Authors: Benito-Pascual Blanca , Arriola-Villalobos Pedro , Rodríguez-Quet Olivia , Termine Vittoria , Cuiña-Sardiña Ricardo , Díaz-Valle David 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To assess keratoconus (KC) progression following the implant of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) in young patients.

Materials and methods:
Retrospective, longitudinal, observational, controlled nonrandomized case series study. Keratoconus patients aged 25 years or younger who underwent uneventful ICRS surgery and completed at least 3 years of follow-up were enrolled. Controls were of similar age and treatment-naive patients with KC. The following Pentacam imaging (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) data were analyzed: keratometric (maximum, in-flattest meridian, in-steepest meridian, and mean), aberrometric (higher-order aberrations and coma), pachymetric (thinnest corneal thickness), and elevation (maximum posterior elevation). The main outcome measure was KC progression.

Results:
The study sample comprised 20 eyes of 18 cases (age 20.20 ± 3.70 years, nine right eyes, 14 male patients) and 30 eyes of 24 controls (age 20.80 ± 3.20 years, 15 right eyes, 21 male patients). The mean follow-up duration was 4.90 ± 1.70 years (range 3–8 years) for cases and 4.50 ± 1.40 years (range 3–8 years) for controls. Four cases and two controls met criteria for KC progression.

Conclusions:
Intrastromal corneal ring segments did not have significant impact on KC progression in the cohort.
Evaluation of the Microbiology of Removed Punctal Plugs and Intracanalicular Devices
Authors: Meyer Jay J. , Culbreath Karissa , Ager Edward , Esmaili Neda , Fowler William C. , Gilligan Peter , Fowler Amy M. 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
The purpose of this observational study was to characterize the microorganisms colonizing punctal plugs and intracanalicular stents.

Methods:
Devices were removed from participants who previously underwent placement of punctal plugs for tear insufficiency and lacrimal stents for dacryocystorhinostomy and canalicular reconstruction procedures. After removal of the devices, they were cultured for organisms both with and without sonication to loosen any biofilms or adherent microorganisms. Primary outcome measures included culture positivity, identification of isolated microorganisms, recovery of microorganisms from culture after sonication, and clinical evidence of ocular infection.

Results:
There were no cases of clinical infection. A total of 181 specimens were processed (174 punctal plugs, seven intracanalicular stents), of which 98 (54%) were culture positive. Of the punctal plugs, 92 (52.9%) were culture positive, including 42 with a single organism isolated, whereas 22 yielded two organisms, 7 yielded three organisms, and the remaining 21 yielded a polymicrobial culture with four or more organisms. The most common isolates from punctal plugs were coagulase negative staphylococci (27.6%), diphtheroids (16.4%), and streptococcus viridans (10.2%). Those plugs with polymicrobial culture results grew a mixture of organisms most consistent with skin or upper respiratory flora. Of the intracanalicular stents, 6 (85.6%) were culture positive.

Conclusions:
Punctal plugs and intracanalicular devices can become colonized with bacteria composed of oropharyngeal flora, skin flora, and other rare but potentially significant pathogens.
Effect of Jinfeng Pill on ovarian function of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets induced poor ovarian response rats
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Jian-Fang , Yan Xiao-Hong , Ji Xiao-Lei , Zhang Heng-Yuan , Wu Rong-Feng , Li You-Zhu 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the effects of the Jinfeng pill on ovarian volume and endocrine function in rats with poor ovarian response and to elucidate the gene expression changes that contribute to the Jinfeng pill’s role in improving ovarian function.

Methods:
Thirty 8-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) female rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, model, estradiol, Jinfeng pill, and Jinfeng pill + estradiol, with six rats in each group. All groups, except the control were administered Tripterygium glycoside tablets. After establishing the poor ovarian response model, the three intervention groups (estradiol, Jinfeng pill, and Jinfeng pill + estradiol) received their respective drug interventions. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed to assess follicle distribution, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and endostatin in rat ovaries. Hormone levels were measured using ELISA.

Results:
The uterine and total ovarian masses in the three intervention groups were higher than those in the model group; however, the differences were not statistically significant. The ovaries of the Jinfeng pill and Jinfeng pill + estradiol groups contained more follicles at various developmental stages. The three intervention groups showed significantly increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased endostatin expression compared with the model group, with the Jinfeng pill + estradiol group exhibiting the most pronounced differences. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels were slightly elevated in the Jinfeng pill group compared to the model group. However, only the Jinfeng pill + estradiol group showed a statistically significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone levels compared to the model group (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:
Jinfeng pill modulates ovarian protein expression, increases ovarian volume, and improves blood circulation. Additionally, it may elevate hormone levels and enhance ovarian response function in rats with poor ovarian function.
Using Machine Learning to Examine Pre-Transplant Factors InfluencingDe novoHLA-Specific Antibody Development Post-Kidney Transplant
Authors: Rothwell Alex , Nita George , Howse Matthew , Ridgway Dan , Hammad Abdul , Mehra Sanjay , Jones Andrew R , Goldsmith Petra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development ofde novodonor-specific antibodies (DSAs) against HLA is associated with premature graft failure in kidney transplantation. However, rates and factors influencingde novoDSA formation vary widely across the literature. We aimed to identify pre-transplant factors influencing the development ofde novoHLA-specific antibodies following kidney transplantation using machine learning.Data from 460 kidney transplant recipients at a single centre between 2009-2014 were analysed. Pre-transplant variables were collected, and post-transplant sera were screened for HLA antibodies. Positive samples were investigated using Single Antigen Bead (SAB) testing. Machine learning models (Classification and Regression Trees, Random Forest, XGBoost, CatBoost) were trained on a training set of pre-transplant data to predictde novoDSA formation, with and without SMOTE oversampling. Model performance was evaluated on an independent testing set using F1 scores, and feature importance was assessed using SHAP.In the full cohort analysis, XGBoost models performed the best, with F1 scores of 0.54-0.59 without SMOTE and 0.72-0.79 with SMOTE. The strongest predictors were pre-transplant HLA antibodies, number of kidney transplants, cold ischemia time (CIT), recipient age and female gender. SHAP dependence plots showed that pre-existing HLA antibodies and past transplants increased the risk ofde novoDSA development. In the unsensitised subgroup analysis, model performance was poor.Machine learning models can be used to identify pre-transplant risk factors forde novoHLA-specific antibody development in kidney transplantation. Monitoring and risk-stratifying patients based on these factors may help guide preventive immunological strategies and recipient selection to improve long-term allograft outcomes.Translational statementThis study identified pre-transplant risk factors for the development ofde novoHLA-specific antibody in kidney transplantation. Monitoring and risk-stratifying patients based on these factors may help guide preventive immunological strategies and recipient selection to improve long-term allograft outcomes.
Defective glycosylation and ELFN1 binding of mGluR6 congenital stationary night blindness mutants
Authors: Pindwarawala Mustansir , Abid Faiyaz A. K. , Lee Jaeeun , Miller Michael L. , Noppers Juliet S. , Rideout Andrew P. , Agosto Melina A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSynaptic transmission from photoreceptors to ON-bipolar cells (BCs) requires the postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR6, located at BC dendritic tips. Binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate initiates G-protein signaling that regulates the TRPM1 transduction channel. mGluR6 also interacts with presynaptic ELFN adhesion proteins, and these interactions are important for mGluR6 synaptic localization. The mechanisms of mGluR6 trafficking and synaptic targeting remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated mGluR6 missense mutations from patients with congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), which is associated with loss of synaptic transmission to ON-BCs. We found that multiple CSNB mutations in the extracellular ligand-binding domain of mGluR6 impart a trafficking defect leading to lack of complex N-glycosylation but efficient plasma membrane insertion, suggesting a Golgi bypass mechanism. These mutants fail to bind ELFN1, consistent with lack of a necessary modification normally acquired in the Golgi. The same mutants were mislocalized in bipolar cells, explaining the loss of function in CSNB. The results reveal a key role of Golgi trafficking in mGluR6 function, and suggest a role for the extracellular domain in Golgi sorting.
Apparent digestibility and nutritional performance of bakery waste produced in Punjab Pakistan forLabeo rohitafingerlings
Authors: Hussain Syed Shafat , Khan Noor , Rasool Fayyaz , Davies Simon John , Naveed Saima 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the impact of bakery waste supplementation on the nutrient digestibility and performance metrics of rohu (Labeo rohita) juveniles. Fish were fed with seven different diets containing bakery waste products (biscuits, cream cake, bread, and dry rusk) in combination with rice polish and wheat flour. Chromic oxide (1%) was added to the diet as an inert marker to measure nutrient digestibility. The results indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the digestibility of crude protein, lipid, gross energy, and dry matter among the dietary groups. Fish fed with rice polish had the lowest apparent digestibility value of protein (16.13 ± 1.86), whereas fish fed wheat flour had the highest (77.70 ± 0.05). Moreover, it was shown that fish fed rusk waste had better growth. It has been concluded that bakery wastes could be used as a cheaper fish feed ingredient source for the manufacturing of cost-effective feed forL. rohita. This investigation was discussed within the context of providing cost effective ingredients for sustainable aquaculture production in Pakistan.
COCOMO2: A coarse-grained model for interacting folded and disordered proteins
Authors: Jussupow Alexander , Bartley Divya , Lapidus Lisa J. , Feig Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBiomolecular interactions are essential in many biological processes, including complex formation and phase separation processes. Coarse-grained computational models are especially valuable for studying such processes via simulation. Here, we present COCOMO2, an updated residue-based coarse-grained model that extends its applicability from intrinsically disordered peptides to folded proteins. This is accomplished with the introduction of a surface exposure scaling factor, which adjusts interaction strengths based on solvent accessibility, to enable the more realistic modeling of interactions involving folded domains without additional computational costs. COCOMO2 was parameterized directly with solubility and phase separation data to improve its performance on predicting concentration-dependent phase separation for a broader range of biomolecular systems compared to the original version. COCOMO2 enables new applications including the study of condensates that involve IDPs together with folded domains and the study of complex assembly processes. COCOMO2 also provides an expanded foundation for the development of multi-scale approaches for modeling biomolecular interactions that span from residue-level to atomistic resolution.Table of Contents Figure
Altered renal vascular patterning reduces ischemic kidney injury and limits vascular loss associated with aging
Authors: McLarnon Sarah R. , Honeycutt Samuel E. , N’Guetta Pierre-Emmanuel Y. , Xiong Yubin , Li Xinwei , Abe Koki , Kitai Hiroki , Souma Tomokazu , O’Brien Lori L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe kidney vasculature has a complex arrangement, which runs in both series and parallel to perfuse the renal tissue and appropriately filter plasma. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of this vascular pattern is dependent on netrin-1 secreted by renal stromal progenitors. Mice lacking netrin-1 develop an arterial tree with stochastic branching, particularly of the large interlobar vessels. The current study investigated whether abnormalities in renal vascular pattern altered kidney function or response to injury. To examine this, we analyzed kidney function at baseline as well as in response to recovery from a model of bilateral ischemic injury and measured vascular dynamics in aged mice. We found no differences in kidney function or morphology at baseline between mice with an abnormal arterial pattern compared to control. Interestingly, male and female mutant mice with stochastic vascular patterning showed a reduction in tubular injury in response to ischemia. Similarly, mutant mice also had a preservation of perfused vasculature with aging compared to a reduction in the control group. These results suggest that guided and organized patterning of the renal vasculature may not be required for normal kidney function; thus, modulating renal vascular patterning may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. Understanding how patterning and maturation of the arterial tree affects physiology and response to injury or aging has important implications for enhancing kidney regeneration and tissue engineering strategies.
The relationship between voluntary and involuntary muscle contractile properties in young women
Authors: Fry Madison J. , Zoughaib William S. , Hoffman Richard L. , Coggan Andrew R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIsokinetic dynamometry and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are two commonly used approaches for quantifying muscle contractile properties. Few studies, however, have investigated the relationship between such testing procedures, particularly in women.PURPOSETo determine the relationship between voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque and torque during involuntary, electrically evoked contractions of the knee extensor muscles.METHODSThirty young women (age 23 ± 5 y) performed maximal knee extensions on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 0, 1.57, 3.14, 4.71, and 6.28 rad/s. Following this testing, NMES of the quadriceps (400 V, 200 µs) was used to determine unpotentiated and potentiated twitch contractile properties. The quadriceps were also stimulated with 1 s trains at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Hz to determine the torque-frequency relationship.RESULTSVoluntary torques at 1.57 and 3.14 rad/s were significantly correlated (i.e., multiplicity-adjusted P≤0.01) with the rate of torque development during potentiated twitches (r = 0.60 and 0.55, respectively). No other significant correlations were found between voluntary and involuntary muscle contractile properties, including various measures of the torque-frequency relationship.CONCLUSIONAlthough there is some relationship between voluntary and NMES indices of muscle contractility, such results are only moderately well-correlated at best. The two techniques should therefore be considered complementary rather than interchangeable.Abstract Figure