bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas
Authors: Willemze Rein , Cerroni Lorenzo , Kempf Werner , Berti Emilio , Facchetti Fabio , Swerdlow Steven H. , Jaffe Elaine S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of T- and B-cell lymphomas that present in the skin with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. The 2005 World Health Organization–European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO-EORTC) consensus classification has served as a golden standard for the diagnosis and classification of these conditions. In September 2018, an updated version of the WHO-EORTC was published in the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Skin Tumours Blue Book. In this classification, primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T-cell lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus positive (EBV+) mucocutaneous ulcer are included as new provisional entities, and a new section on cutaneous forms of chronic active EBV disease has been added. The term “primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoma” was modified to “primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder” because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. Modifications have also been made in the sections on lymphomatoid papulosis, increasing the spectrum of histologic and genetic types, and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphomas recognizing 2 different subtypes. Herein, the characteristic features of these new and modified entities as well as the results of recent molecular studies with diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic significance for the different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas are reviewed. An update of the frequency and survival of the different types of primary cutaneous lymphomas is provided.
Contrasting evolutionary origins of two mountain endemics: Saxifraga wahlenbergii (Western Carpathians) and S. styriaca (Eastern Alps)
Authors: Tkach Natalia , Röser Martin , Suchan Tomasz , Cieślak Elżbieta , Schönswetter Peter , Ronikier Michał 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
The Carpathians and the Alps are the largest mountain ranges of the European Alpine System and important centres of endemism. Among the distinctive endemic species of this area is Saxifraga wahlenbergii, a Western Carpathians member of the speciose genus Saxifraga. It was frequently considered a taxonomically isolated Tertiary palaeopolyploid and palaeoendemic, for which the closest relatives could not yet be traced. A recently described narrow endemic of the Eastern Alps, S. styriaca, was hypothesized to be closely related to S. wahlenbergii based on shared presence of peculiar glandular hairs. To elucidate the origin and phylogenetic relationships of both species we studied nuclear and plastid DNA markers based on multiple accessions and analysed the data in a wide taxonomic context. We applied Sanger sequencing, followed by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for a refined analysis of nrITS variants to detect signatures of ancient hybridization. The ITS data were used to estimate divergence times of different lineages using a relaxed molecular clock.

Results
We demonstrate divergent evolutionary histories for the two mountain endemics. For S. wahlenbergii we revealed a complicated hybrid origin. Its maternal parent belongs to a Western Eurasian lineage of high mountain taxa grouped in subsect. Androsaceae and is most likely the widespread S. androsacea. The putative second parent was most likely S. adscendens, which belongs to the distantly related subsect. Tridactylites. While Sanger sequencing of nrITS only showed S. adscendens-related variants in S. wahlenbergii, our NGS screening revealed presence of sequences from both lineages with clear predominance of the paternal over the maternal lineage.

Conclusions
Saxifraga styriaca was unambiguously assigned to subsect. Androsaceae and is not the sister taxon of S. wahlenbergii. Accordingly, the similarity of the glandular hairs observed in both taxa rests on parallelism and both species do not constitute an example of a close evolutionary link between the floras of the Western Carpathians and Eastern Alps. With the origin of its paternal, S. adscendens-like ITS DNA estimated to ca. 4.7 Ma, S. wahlenbergii is not a relict of the mid-Tertiary climate optimum. Its hybrid origin is much younger and most likely took place in the Pleistocene.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Translation analysis of English address image recognition based on image recognition
Authors: Wen Shengfang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the current English semantic recognition of mail, there are problems such as serious information distortion and unrecognizable, which affects the promotion of machine automation to recognize text in emails. This study combines the actual situation of the mail image to set the corresponding image processing algorithm, adopts the conversion from RGB data to gray data to perform image gray processing, and combines the weighted average gray algorithm to improve the image gray definition and softness. At the same time, this study uses homomorphic filtering to enhance the image, uses homomorphic filtering to enhance the sharpness of the text, and uses median filtering to enhance the image. Image edge recognition is performed with the Sobel color difference operator, and the text result is output. Combining experiments to study the performance of the algorithm, the research shows that the algorithm has certain practical effects, which can provide reference for subsequent related research.
In varietate Concordia: two perspectives on the European values
Authors: Sazonova Liliya Leonidovna 
Published: January 2019

In the first chapter of the paper we elaborate on the attitude towards the Other in the European Union by discussing two adversative yet simultaneous processes taking place in the EU. The first tendency is a legacy from the centuries-lasting model of European unification against certain important Others. The second one refers to the aspiration of the supra-national European project to encourage in an unprecedented manner the co-existence with the otherness. We argue that this ambivalence results from the fact that the transformation of the attitude towards the otherness takes place with different tempo in the different social spheres. In the second chapter we develop further the reflection on the EU attitude towards the Other by focusing on the East European Other. We discuss the normative and de facto application of the European values both in the West and in the East part of the continent.In the last chapter we articulate two separate discourses framing the European values. The first one refers to the essentialist approach looking for a metaphysical reasoning of their universality by developing the common culture, history and spirit rhetoric. The second reading of the European values presents them in a more postmodern and debatable way and offers a mechanism for reconciling the heterogenic East-West European society.
Surgical Management of Giant Congenital Hairy Nevi Without Skin Graft or Other Methods of Closure
Authors: Sukasah Chaula L , Supit Laureen 
Published: January 2019

Congenital hairy nevus refers to pigmented skin lesion presents at birth. Giant hairy nevus (GHN) is disfiguring and carries a great emotional distress on the patient and family. It also imposes a higher risk for developing malignant melanomas and other tumors. The management of GHN depends on the lesions’ size, location and its propensity to become malignant. When surgery is indicated, the simplest approach is a staged serial excisions. The longstanding challenge is in reconstructing the raw surface defect, especially if large. A case of congenital GHN on the trunk, abdomen and bilateral upper thighs was presented and the data was taken from the medical record from the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Patient was managed surgically with a technique similar to dermabrasion, by scalpel instead of dermabrator, to peel the skin in partial-thickness. In each surgery, not more than 10% of the total body surface area was excised and left to heal secondarily. Compression was used to reduce risk of hypertrophic scar formation. Subsequent operation was ideally 3 weeks apart, to allow for the excised surface to epithelialize and the body to return to homeostasis. Although visible, the patient’s family prefer the resulting scar than the initial lesion, because the skin is lighter, hairless, and less frightening. At two-years follow up, the patient still refuse further operation due to economical and social issues.
Historical shifts with the into-causative construction in American English
Authors: Davies Mark , Kim Jong-Bok 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe syntactic and semantic properties of theinto-causativeconstruction, involving the pattern ‘V NP into V-ing’, has been studied in some detail, but its historical development has received less attention. This paper looks at the historical shifts in the construction with much more representative and robust corpora than have been used for previous studies. Based on nearly 11,440 tokens from more than 950 million words of text, the paper considers several important changes in the lexical, syntactic, and semantic properties of the construction. The study also establishes the value of large, diverse historical corpora and their role in researching syntactic and semantic change.
Metamaterials and chiral sensing: a review of fundamentals and applications
Authors: Yoo SeokJae , Park Q-Han 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Chirality, a property of broken mirror symmetry, prevails in nature. Chiral molecules show different biochemical behaviors to their mirror molecules. For left or right circularly polarized lights, the fundamental chiral states of electromagnetic fields interact differently with chiral matter, and this effect has been used as a powerful tool for the detection of chiral molecules. This optical sensing, also termed chiral sensing, is not only easy to implement but also non-invasive to the analytes. However, the measurements made by the optical sensing of chiral molecules are challenging, as chiroptical signals are extremely weak. Recent years have seen active research efforts into metamaterial and plasmonic platforms for manipulating local fields to enhance chiroptical signals. This metamaterial approach offers new possibilities of chiral sensing with high sensitivity. Here, we review the recent advances in chiral sensing using metamaterial and plasmonic platforms. In addition, we explain the underlying principles behind the enhancement of chiroptical signals and highlight practically efficient chiral sensing platforms. We also provide perspectives that shed light on design considerations for chiral sensing metamaterials and discuss the possibility of other types of chiral sensing based on resonant metamaterials.
Preparation and properties of plasmonic-excitonic nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Szychowski Brian , Pelton Matthew , Daniel Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The assembly of inorganic nanoparticles often leads to collective properties that are different from the combined properties of the individual components. In particular, coupling plasmonic and excitonic nanoparticles has been shown to modify their optical properties, including absorption, emission, and scattering. Because of this, these coupled assemblies have potential applications in a wide range of areas, including sensing, light harvesting, and photocatalysis. More recently, unique properties, including Fano interference and Rabi splitting, have been observed by increasing the coupling strength. However, the behavior of coupled nanoparticles is highly dependent on the exact organization of the components, including the number of particles coupled, the distance separating them, and their spatial orientation. This is especially true in the case of strongly coupled particles. Because of this, it is important to achieve synthetic techniques that not only can link particles together but also offer good control over how the particles are connected. In this review, assemblies of plasmonic and excitonic nanoparticles are reviewed, including the various methods that have been used for their construction, the properties that these systems have been predicted to possess as well as the ones that have been observed, and their current applications along with current challenges in the field and potential future applications.
On topological properties of block shift and hierarchical hypercube networks
Authors: Guirao Juan Luis García , Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Hussain Asif 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNetworks play an important role in electrical and electronic engineering. It depends on what area of electrical and electronic engineering, for example there is a lot more abstract mathematics in communication theory and signal processing and networking etc. Networks involve nodes communicating with each other. Graph theory has found a considerable use in this area of research. A topological index is a real number associated with chemical constitution purporting for correlation of chemical networks with various physical properties, chemical reactivity. The concept of hyper Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second multiple Zagreb index and Zagreb polynomials was established in chemical graph theory based on vertex degrees. In this paper, we extend this study to interconnection networks and derive analytical closed results of hyper Zagreb index, first multiple Zagreb index, second multiple Zagreb index, Zagreb polynomials and redefined Zagreb indices for block shift network (BSN− 1) and (BSN− 2), hierarchical hypercube (HHC− 1) and (HHC− 2).
Energy converting layers for thin-film flexible photovoltaic structures
Authors: Znajdek Katarzyna , Szczecińska Natalia , Sibiński Maciej , Czarnecki Przemysław , Wiosna-Sałyga Gabriela , Apostoluk Aleksandra , Mandrolo Fabien , Rogowski Szymon , Lisik Zbigniew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The paper presents research focused on the efficiency improvement of inorganic flexible thin-film solar cells, using energy converting layers. The light capture enhancement was achieved through the introduction of layers based on rare-earth elements, as top coatings on the amorphous silicon photovoltaic structures. Such luminescent layers are converting high-energy photons into low-energy ones, which are more efficient in photovoltaic conversion of the investigated solar cells. Towards this goal, powders consisting rare-earth elements were applied as active particles in polymer layer. For practical experiments, the screen-printing method, as a cheap, reliable and industrially-ready technology was used for layers deposition. For the experiments two compositions were selected: Sr4Al14O25: Eu,Dy (BGL-300M) and SrAl2O4: Eu,Dy (G-300M). These materials are characterized by excellent thermal and optical stability and interesting luminescent properties (they absorb ultraviolet and emit in the visible range). For the verification of investigated materials and methods, various compositions of powders and proportions were tested and analyzed.
Study on the response characteristics of oil wells after deep profile control in low permeability fractured reservoirs
Authors: Lin Lijun , Lin Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe rhombus inverted nine-spot well pattern is often adopted in low permeability oilfield development, which has the advantage of high oil production rate and flexible adjustment. Due to the strong heterogeneity of the low permeability reservoirs, the oil wells along the fracture direction are heavily water-flooded and the water cut rises quickly, and the oil wells on both sides of fractures have no response to water injection. Hence, deep profile control is an effective way to solve this kind of plane contradiction, and is widely applied in the low permeability oilfield development. However, because of the asymmetry of the rhombus inverted nine-spot well pattern and the heterogeneity of the low permeability reservoirs, there are differences in the response characteristics of oil wells at different locations after deep profile control. In this paper, combined with physical experiments and numerical simulations, we analyzed oil increment, the distribution of streamlines and slugs of wells at different locations before and after deep profile control, and evaluated the response characteristics of oil wells of rhombus inverted nine-spot well pattern after deep profile control in low permeability fractured reservoirs. It is concluded that the effect of increasing oil production of the side wells is better than that of the angle wells after deep profile control, and the response sequence is side well, angle well in short axis, and angle well in long axis, which is also verified by the practical results of deep profile control in Daqing Oilfield.
An attempt to geometrize electromagnetism
Authors: Huang XiuLin , Xu Yan , Liu ChengZhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the curved worldline of a charged particle accelerated by an electromagnetic field in flat spacetime. A new metric, which dependes on the charge-to-mass ratio and electromagnetic potential, is proposed to describe the curve characteristic of the world-line. The main result of this paper is that an equivalent equation of the Lorentz equation of motion is put forward based on a 4-dimensional Riemannian manifold defined by the metric. Using the Ricci rotation coefficients, the equivalent equation is self-consistently constructed. Additionally, the Lorentz equation of motion in the non-inertial reference frames is studied with the local Lorentz covariance of the equivalent equation. The model attempts to geometrize classical electromagnetism in the absence of the other interactions, and it is conducive to the establishment of the unified theory between electromagnetism and gravitation.
Effect of convection heat transfer on thermal energy storage unit
Authors: Al-Jethelah Manar S. M. , Al-Sammarraie Ahmed , Tasnim Syeda H. , Mahmud Shohel , Dutta Animesh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Latent heat storage represents a promising technique to achieve net zero energy buildings. This work investigates the behaviour of phase change material (PCM) inside a rectangular enclosure, which represents the geometry of a latent heat storage system. The left side of the unit is exposed to a constant temperature (Th), while the other three walls are exposed to convection heat transfer boundary condition [h= 5, 10, and 15 W/(m2 K)] and different ambient temperatures (T∞ = 297◦ and 307◦K). The ambient temperatures were selected to be at/above the melting temperature of the studied PCM (coconut oil). To study the melting process of the PCM, the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equation were used. The Navier-Stokes equations were modified using the Carman-Kozeny relation. The finite element method was utilized to produce numerical results. The results are presented in terms of flow and thermal fields, Nusselt number (Nu), and the melt fraction (MF) of the PCM. The results show that, when T∞ = Tm, the melting rate of the PCM slows down with increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient. While the melting rate accelerates with increasing the convection heat transfer coefficient when T∞ > Tm.
Nuclear forensics on uranium fuel pellets
Authors: Lützenkirchen Klaus , Wallenius Maria , Varga Zsolt , Wiss Thierry , Knott Alexander , Nicholl Adrian , Mayer Klaus 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nuclear forensic analysis of uranium oxide fuel pellets and the respective data interpretation have proven to be important elements of the investigative process when such material is found out of regulatory control. Uranium oxide fuel pellets are produced at industrial scale and have to meet tight technical specifications. Variations in the production process of different manufacturers or fuel fabrication facilities offer an additional source of information. The compilation of such information in a nuclear materials database has proven to be a highly valuable resource. In consequence, measureable material properties (referred to as “signatures”) such as the isotopic composition, the physical dimensions, the chemical impurities, the products of the radioactive decay of uranium and the microstructure allow establishing the processing history of the material. To this end, dedicated analytical methods have to be developed and suitable methods for data evaluation and interpretation need to be utilised. The successful application of these nuclear forensic tools is illustrated with two case studies on real incidents of illicit nuclear trafficking of uranium oxide fuel pellets.
Separation of neptunium from actinides by monoamides: a solvent extraction study
Authors: Mahanty Bholanath , Kanekar Avinash S. , Ansari Seraj A. , Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Mohapatra Prasanta K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Separation of neptunium from a mixture of actinides viz. uranium, neptunium and plutonium was evaluated using two monoamides, viz. N,N,-dihexyl octanamide (DHOA) and N,N,-dihexyl decanamide (DHDA). The extraction of actinides with these ligands followed the order: U(VI)>Np(IV)>>Pu(III). Poor extraction of Pu(III) with both the amides (DHOA and DHDA) was exploited for the mutual separation of U, Pu and Np. At 3 M HNO3, DHDA was a better extractant for all the three metal ions while Pu(III) extraction was one order magnitude lower with DHOA as compared to that seen with DHDA. Consequently, better separation factor of U(VI)/Np(IV) over Pu(III) was obtained with DHOA. In the actinide mixed solution, Pu was reduced to its +3 state followed by selective extraction of U(VI) and Np(IV). Subsequently, the mutual separation of U(VI) and Np(IV) was carried out by selective complexation and stripping of Np(IV) by acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) at 2 M HNO3, where U(VI) remained in the organic phase. The purity of the separated actinides was confirmed by alpha spectrometry. A separation scheme for the separation of Np from radioactive waste/high level waste has been proposed.
Invariants and Conserved Quantities for the Helically Symmetric Flows of an Inviscid Gas and Fluid with Variable Density
Authors: Bogoyavlenskij Oleg 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
New material conservation laws and conserved quantities are derived for the helically symmetric flows of an inviscid compressible gas and an ideal incompressible fluid with variable density

ρ

(
x
,
t
)

$\rho(\mathbf{x},\;t)$

.
Schema therapy and marital intimacy
Authors: Kermani Nahid , Dookaneei Faride , Shafiabadi Abdollah , Abdi Mansour 
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the effectiveness of schema therapy on the marital agreement of client who attends counselling clinic centre services on region five of the city of Tehran. The population were all of the clients who attend the services during 2011 winter and looking for family counselling services. Among 14 clients, seven couple revised schema therapy and seven were under control group that they have chosen randomly from volunteers. The sympathy between couples and research hypothesis are investigated by covariance test. The result shows that schema therapy was effective to improve the effectiveness of schema therapy on marital intimacy between couples and could be a good method for family therapy for Iranian couples.

Keywords: Schema therapy, couple therapy, marital intimacy.