bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Rajkumar S. Vincent 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultiple myeloma accounts for approximately 10% of hematologic malignancies. The diagnosis requires ≥10% clonal bone marrow plasma cells or a biopsy proven plasmacytoma plus evidence of one or more multiple myeloma defining events: CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, or lytic bone lesions) features felt related to the plasma cell disorder, bone marrow clonal plasmacytosis ≥60%, serum involved/uninvolved free light chain (FLC) ratio ≥100 (provided involved FLC is ≥100 mg/L), or >1 focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with del(17p), t(14;16), and t(14;20) have high‐risk multiple myeloma. Patients with t(4;14) translocation and gain(1q) have intermediate‐risk. All others are considered standard‐risk. Initial treatment consists of bortezomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (VRd). In high‐risk patients, carfilzomib, lenalidomide, dexamethasone (KRd) is an alternative to VRd. In eligible patients, initial therapy is given for approximately 3‐4 cycles followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Standard risk patients can opt for delayed ASCT at first relapse. Patients not candidates for transplant are treated with VRd for approximately 8‐12 cycles followed by lenalidomide or lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. After ASCT, lenalidomide maintenance is recommended for standard risk patients, while maintenance with a bortezomib‐based regimen is needed for patients with intermediate or high‐risk disease. Most patients require a triplet regimen at relapse, with the choice of regimen varying with each successive relapse. Aggressive relapse with extramedullary plasmacytomas or plasma cell leukemia may require anthracycline containing combination chemotherapy regimens.
Biallelic deletions of the Waardenburg II syndrome gene, SOX10, cause a recognizable arthrogryposis syndrome
Authors: Stevenson Roger E. , Vincent Victoria , Spellicy Catherine J. , Friez Michael J. , Chaubey Alka 
Published: August 2018

Random mating in the general population tends to limit the occurrence of homozygous and compound heterozygous forms of dominant hereditary disorders. Certain phenotypes, the most recognized being skeletal dysplasias associated with short stature, lead to cultural interaction and assortative mating. To this well‐known example, may be added deafness which brings together individuals with a variety of deafness genotypes, some being dominant. Waardenburg syndrome is one such autosomal dominant disorder in which affected individuals may interact culturally because of deafness. Biallelic genetic alterations for two Waardenburg genes, PAX3 and MITF have been previously recognized. Herein, we report biallelic deletions in SOX10, a gene associated with Waardenburg syndromes type II and IV. The affected fetuses have a severe phenotype with a lack of fetal movement resulting in four‐limb arthrogryposis and absence of palmar and plantar creases, white hair, dystopia canthorum, and in one case cleft palate and in the other a cardiac malformation.A video abstract of this article can be found at https://players.brightcove.net/3806881048001/experience_5be9f0059c571e0013a32a65/share.html
C−C Bonds Cleavage of Biomass‐Derived Glycerol to Methane and Ethylene Glycol in Aqueous Phase Over Highly Dispersed Ru‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Huang Qian‐Qian , Yu Wei‐Qiang , Luo Xiao‐Lin , Gao Jin , Xu Jie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn alternative method for the conversion of crude glycerol was proposed to produce renewable energy methane and high‐value chemical ethylene glycol through preferential cleavage of C−C bonds, catalyzed by highly dispersed Ru‐based catalysts prepared by carbothermal reduction. It was found that the Ru particles size could be tuned by adjusting the reduction temperature, and the size firstly decreased then increased with raising of the temperature of carbothermal reduction. This resulted in the opposite tendency of catalytic performance against the Ru particle sizes in hydrogenolysis of glycerol, in which the glycerol conversion and yield of C−C bond cleavage increased firstly and then decreased. Ru catalysts carbothermal reduced at 450 °C possessed highly dispersed Ru nanoparticles with uniform particle sizes about 1.0 nm that showed high hydrogenation activity and selectivity of C−C bond cleavage as well as good stability that could be recycled in aqueous phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol.
Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles with Appended Photo‐Responsive Units for Controlled Drug Delivery, Release, and Imaging
Authors: Senthilkumar Thangaraj , Zhou Lingyun , Gu Qi , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Wang Shu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCarriers that can afford tunable physical and structural changes are envisioned to address critical issues in controlled drug delivery applications. Herein, photo‐responsive conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) functionalized with donor–acceptor Stenhouse adduct (DASA) and folic acid units for controlled drug delivery and imaging are reported. Upon visible‐light (λ=550 nm) irradiation, CPNs simultaneously undergo structure, color, and polarity changes that release encapsulated drugs into the cells. The backbone of CPNs favors FRET to DASA units boosting their fluorescence. Notably, drug‐loaded CPNs exhibit excellent biocompatibility in the dark, indicating perfect control of the light trigger over drug release. Delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with good loading efficiency was demonstrated. This strategy enables remotely controlled drug delivery with visible‐light irradiation, which sets an example for designing delivery vehicles for non‐invasive therapeutics.
Conformational Ensemble of Disordered Proteins Probed by Solvent Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (sPRE)
Authors: Kooshapur Hamed , Schwieters Charles D. , Tjandra Nico 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCharacterization of the conformational ensemble of disordered proteins is highly important for understanding protein folding and aggregation mechanisms, but remains a computational and experimental challenge owing to the dynamic nature of these proteins. New observables that can provide unique insights into transient residual structures in disordered proteins are needed. Here using denatured ubiquitin as a model system, NMR solvent paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (sPRE) measurements provide an accurate and highly sensitive probe for detecting low populations of residual structure in a disordered protein. Furthermore, a new ensemble calculation approach based on sPRE restraints in conjunction with residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is used to define the conformational ensemble of disordered proteins at atomic resolution. The approach presented should be applicable to a wide range of dynamic macromolecules.
A Facile Approach to Oximes and Ethers by a Tandem NO+‐Initiated Semipinacol Rearrangement and H‐Elimination
Authors: Dong Jia‐Wei , Ding Tongmei , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Chen Zhi‐Min , Tu Yong‐Qiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn efficient oximation method has been developed on the basis of NO+‐initiated semipinacol rearrangement and subsequent proton elimination. The procedure enabled the rapid construction of a series of oximes and oxime ethers with spiro quaternary stereocenters from allylic silyl ethers. Additional features of this reaction include wide substrate tolerance as well as the commercial availability of the safe nitrosation reagent NOBF4. The key N‐heterotricyclic cores of three natural alkaloids, tuberostemoninol B, (+)‐quebrachidine, and an insecticide, were also constructed efficiently by this method.
Self‐Assembly of an Anion‐Binding Cryptand for the Selective Encapsulation, Sequestration, and Precipitation of Phosphate from Aqueous Systems
Authors: Rice Craig R. , Slater Christopher , Faulkner Robert A. , Allan Robert L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe self‐assembled trimetallic species [L2Cu3]6+ contains a cavity that acts as a host to many different anions. By using X‐ray crystallography, ESI‐MS, and UV/Vis spectroscopy we show that these anions are encapsulated both in the solid state and aqueous systems. Upon encapsulation, the anions Br−, I−, CO32−, SiF62−, IO63−, VO43−, WO42−, CrO42−, SO42−, AsO43−, and PO43− are all precipitated from aqueous solution and can be removed by filtration. Furthermore, the cavity can be tuned to be selective to either phosphate or sulfate anions by variation of the pH. Phosphate anions can be removed from water, even in the presence of other common anions, reducing the concentration from 1000 to <0.1 ppm and recovering approximately 99 % of the phosphate anions.
Synthesis of N−H Bearing Imidazolidinones and Dihydroimidazolones Using Aza‐Heck Cyclizations
Authors: Xu Feiyang , Shuler Scott A. , Watson Donald A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of unsaturated, unprotected imidazolidinones via an aza‐Heck reaction is described. This palladium‐catalyzed process allows for the cyclization of N‐phenoxy ureas onto pendant alkenes. The reaction has broad functional group tolerance, can be applied to complex ring topologies, and can be used to directly prepare mono‐ and bis‐unprotected imidazolidinones. By addition of Bu4NI, dihydroimidazolones can be accessed from the same starting materials. Improved conditions for preparing unsaturated, unprotected lactams are also reported.
Catalytic Enantioselective Formal (4+2) Cycloaddition by Aldol–Aldol Annulation of Pyruvate Derivatives with Cyclohexane‐1,3‐Diones to Afford Functionalized Decalins
Authors: Chouthaiwale Pandurang V. , Aher Ravindra D. , Tanaka Fujie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe decalin structure is found in bioactive molecules. We have developed catalytic enantioselective formal (4+2) cycloaddition reactions via aldol–aldol cascade reactions between pyruvate‐derived diketoester derivatives and cyclohexane‐1,3‐dione derivatives that afford highly functionalized decalin derivatives. The reactions were performed using a quinidine‐derived catalyst under mild conditions. Decalin derivatives bearing up to six chiral carbon centers including tetrasubstituted carbon centers were synthesized with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Five to six stereogenic centers were generated from achiral molecules with the formation of two C−C bonds in a single transformation resulting in the formation of the decalin system.
Conductive, antibacterial, and electromagnetic shielding silver‐plated cotton fabrics activated by dopamine
Authors: Mao Yun , Wang Wei , Yu Dan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA two‐step method was developed in this article to fabricate conductive silver‐plated cotton fabrics, imparting them with antibacterial and electromagnetic shielding properties. Cotton fabric was firstly functionalized by a spontaneous polymerization of dopamine, which acted as an activation and adsorption layer to initiate the following silver plating through the catechol and indole functional groups. The chemical composition of the functional cotton fabric was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the surface morphology of the fabric was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The crystalline structure of the silver‐coated cotton fibers was characterized by power X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis of the fabric was also studied to show thermal stability. The homogeneous silver plating was highly conductive with surface resistance about 23.55 mΩ sq.−1 and shielding effectiveness was about 55~95 dB. It also demonstrated excellent and durable antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli both with reduction percent of bacteria over 99.99%. All of above features made this silver‐plated cotton fabrics a promising candidate as multifunctional textiles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46766.
Between jouissance of speech and violence without law a Lacanian study of politics and the political after the decline of the father
Authors: Grammatopoulos Yannis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present paper is a psychoanalytic reading of recent electoral events in Greece, the United Kingdom, and the United States, with the help of the Lacanian theory of the decline of the father and the concepts of jouissance and the sinthome. The case of Greece, where the radicalization of people's electoral and political choices took place in the framework of an unprecedented crisis, is studied emphatically, to highlight the different characters of this phenomenon's two main strands. The first, represented by the incumbent prime minister of the radical left in a coalition with a party of the populist right, is compared with a sinthomatic solution. The second, viewed in the atrocities of the neo‐Nazi party Golden Dawn, is described as the choice for pure violence. With regards to similar cases, such as Brexit Britain or Trump's America, psychoanalysis can highlight the significance of contingency, which could allow the emergence of such solutions.
Brain morphometry of preschool age children affected by autism spectrum disorder: Correlation with clinical findings
Authors: Lucibello S. , Verdolotti T. , Giordano F. M. , Lapenta L. , Infante A. , Piludu F. , Tartaglione T. , Chieffo D. , Colosimo C. , Mercuri E. , Battini R. 
Published: August 2018

The aim of our study was to use a combined imaging and clinical approach to identify possible patterns of clinical and imaging findings in a cohort of preschool age autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. In order to identify imaging patterns that could be related to specific clinical features, a selected group of ASD patients (age range 3–6 years) without dysmorphic features, epilepsy or other major neurological signs, malformations or other lesions at MRI was subjected to brain volumetric analysis using semiautomatic brain segmentation. An age‐matched group of typically developing children was subjected to the same analysis. Our results were consistent with previous literature: Total gray matter volume, total cortical gray matter volume and amygdalar volumes were significantly greater in the ASD group than the control group. When we divided the study group into subgroups on the basis of clinical findings such as high‐ or low‐functioning, or verbal and nonverbal, the only significant difference between verbal and nonverbal subjects was in cerebellar hemispheric size. In conclusions, our results confirm that newer brain MRI techniques using semiautomatic brain segmentation can provide information useful for defining the differences between ASD patients and controls, particularly if they form part of an integrated approach between MRI and cognitive‐behavioral and genetic data. Clin. Anat. 32:143–150, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Highlights

Combined imaging and clinical approach in autism spectrum disorders
Semiautomatic brain segmentation in a selected preschool age ASD group
Reduced total cerebellar white matter volume in non‐verbal ASD patients
Acquired lymphatic malformations of the buccal mucosa: A case report
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Kurita Kenichi , Ito Yu 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageLymphatic malformation is a rare disorder caused by expansion and proliferation of the lymphatic vessels. About 50% of lymphatic malformations are present at birth, and 90% are diagnosed before the age of 2 years. The most common site of lymphatic malformation in the oral cavity is the anterior two‐thirds of the tongue, and involvement of the buccal mucosa is relatively unusual. Treatment of lymphatic malformation includes surgical excision, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, or a combination of these interventions. In many cases, surgery or sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice. However, there is currently no consensus on an optimal treatment approach. Here, we report an unusual case of lymphatic malformation in the buccal mucosa of an older adult that was surgically excised.
Coupled Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization: A New Model Applied to the Competing Aggregation Pathways of an Amphiphilic aza‐BODIPY Dye into Spherical and Rod‐Like Aggregates
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhang Yongjie , Fennel Franziska , Wagner Wolfgang , Würthner Frank , Chen Yuanfang , Chen Zhijian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBased on our studies on biphasic self‐assembly behavior of an amphiphilic BF2‐azadipyrromethene (aza‐BODIPY) dye 1, a new analytical model to quantitatively describe the thermodynamic properties of the aggregation involving two competing supramolecular polymerization processes is proposed. In this model, the formation of the metastable as well as the thermodynamically stable aggregates was considered to follow a nucleated polymerization mechanism. The numerical calculation based on the new model gives insight into the formation of different species in such complicate aggregate systems. Moreover, the aggregation of the biphasic self‐assembly processes for dye 1 was investigated by concentration‐dependent UV/Vis spectroscopy. The experimental data were analyzed by using the new model to evaluate the thermodynamic parameters including aggregation constants, the size of nuclei, and the cooperativity the two types of aggregates.
Fullerenols Revisited: Highly Monodispersed Photoluminescent Nanomaterials as Ideal Building Blocks for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Zhou Shengju , Zhang Linwen , Feng Yongqiang , Li Hongguang , Chen Mengjun , Pan Wei , Hao Jingcheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFullerenols have been known for decades; however, the photoluminescent (PL) properties and applications in supramolecular chemistry of these molecules have not been well addressed. Herein, a strategy has been developed to purify the as‐prepared fullerenols, and the photoluminescence and capabilities of these molecules to form supramolecular self‐assemblies were systematically studied. It was found that fullerenols show wavelength‐dependent emission with an absolute fluorescent quantum yield of approximately 3.5 %. The PL characteristics are reminiscent of carbon dots, especially those obtained by using the top–down method. The studied fullerenols can be used to detect Cu2+ ions with a limit of detection down to 3.50 μm. In addition, the amphiphilicity of the fullerenols can be readily tuned by ionic complexation with cationic surfactants, such as 1‐tetradecyl‐3‐methylimidazoliumbromide (C14mimB) and tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB). On increasing the concentration of the surfactant, the transition of aggregates was induced from highly ordered vesicles to honeycomb‐structured crystals and finally to giant micelles. After the formation of supramolecular self‐assemblies, enhancement of photoluminescence was observed, which can be ascribed to the suppression of intramolecular vibrations and motion combined with the loosely packed self‐assembly array. This study provides a facile way to generate PL nanoarchitectures, which may find applications in fluorescent sensing, drug delivery, and optoelectronics.
Methanol Synthesis – Industrial Challenges within a Changing Raw Material Landscape
Authors: Nestler Florian , Krüger Matthias , Full Johannes , Hadrich Max J. , White Robin J. , Schaadt Achim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWorldwide production capacities of carbon‐based chemicals and associated products are steadily increasing. At the same time the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide is of paramount importance in order to mitigate the anthropogenic impact of climate change. In Carbon2Chem® a cross industrial network develops concepts towards the utilization of steel mill gases for the sustainable production of “green” base chemicals, including methanol. This Review describes the technological challenges emerging from the use of these alternative feedstocks, specifically in the context of methanol production processes.
Simulation and Data Analytics in the Conceptual Design of Industrial Networks in Stochastic Environments
Authors: Wagner Henning , Ruoshan Wei Sophie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe cross‐linking of industrial processes and plants is gaining great importance. The project Carbon2Chem® deals with industrial networks in a stochastic environment with volatilely available resources. Thus, processes in the networks must be designed for discontinuous operation, and design challenges arise due to complex dynamic interdependencies within the system. Here, a V‐model based framework for the conceptual design of industrial networks is presented, which integrates simulation and data analytics methods for a hierarchical derivation of stochastic boundary conditions on different levels of process integration. This framework is applied to study the utilization of steel mill gases for methanol synthesis in a stochastic dynamic environment.
Assembly of myosin II filament arrays: Network Contraction versus Expansion
Authors: Fenix Aidan M. , Burnette Dylan T. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow cellular contractile systems assemble has fascinated scientists for generations. The major molecule responsible for cellular force generation is the molecular motor, non‐muscle myosin II (NMII). NMII molecules are organized into single myosin filaments and larger arrays of filaments called NMII stacks, which are capable of generating increasing amounts of force. The textbook model of NMII stack assembly is the Network Contraction Model, where ensembles of distinct NMII filaments condense into a NMII stack by pulling on actin filaments. While this model has been widely accepted for ~20 years, it has been difficult to test inside cells due to the small size of NMII filaments. Recently, interest in how NMII stacks form has been reinvigorated by the advent of super‐resolution microscopy techniques which have afforded unprecedented resolution of NMII filaments inside cells. A number of recent publications using these techniques have called into question key aspects of the Network Contraction Model, and our understanding of how NMII stacks assemble.
Discovery of a Potent, Long‐Acting, and CNS‐Active Inhibitor (BIA 10‐2474) of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase
Authors: Kiss László E. , Beliaev Alexandre , Ferreira Humberto S. , Rosa Carla P. , Bonifácio Maria João , Loureiro Ana I. , Pires Nuno M. , Palma P. Nuno , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) can be targeted for the treatment of pain associated with various medical conditions. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a novel series of heterocyclic‐N‐carboxamide FAAH inhibitors that have a good alignment of potency, metabolic stability and selectivity for FAAH over monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and carboxylesterases (CEs). Lead optimization efforts carried out with benzotriazolyl‐ and imidazolyl‐N‐carboxamide series led to the discovery of clinical candidate 8 l (3‐(1‐(cyclohexyl(methyl)carbamoyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)pyridine 1‐oxide; BIA 10‐2474) as a potent and long‐acting inhibitor of FAAH. However, during a Phase I clinical trial with compound 8 l, unexpected and unpredictable serious neurological adverse events occurred, affecting five healthy volunteers, including the death of one subject.
Integral and Asymptotic Properties of Solitary Waves in Deep Water
Authors: Wheeler Miles H. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe consider two‐ and three‐dimensional gravity and gravity‐capillary solitary water waves in infinite depth. Assuming algebraic decay rates for the free surface and velocity potential, we show that the velocity potential necessarily behaves like a dipole at infinity and obtain a related asymptotic formula for the free surface. We then prove an identity relating the “dipole moment” to the kinetic energy. This implies that the leading‐order terms in the asymptotics are nonvanishing and in particular that the angular momentum is infinite. Lastly we prove that the “excess mass” vanishes. © 2018 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.