bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining Trump's Popular Support: Validation of a Nativism Index
Authors: Young Clifford , Ziemer Katie , Jackson Chris 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveIn this article, we describe the development of a Nativism Index and evaluate its validity in the U.S. context, a global sample, and over time. Our overall objective is to establish the Nativism Index as a valid and reliable measure of nativism for use in subsequent research.MethodUsing survey data from Ipsos Public Affairs in the United States and from the Ipsos Global Advisor for our global sample, we test the convergent and discriminate validity and reliability of the Nativism Index.ResultsThe Nativism Index is correlated with but clearly distinct from related concepts, including populism, authoritarianism, and fear of others. The Nativism Index is also predictive of support for Donald Trump in the United States and UKIP in the United Kingdom.ConclusionOverall, our findings suggest that the Nativism Index represents a robust measure with strong internal consistency and high convergent and divergent validity in both U.S. and global samples.
You Can Trust the Ladder, But You Shouldn't
Authors: Tallant Jonathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMy claim in this article is that, contra what I take to be the orthodoxy in the wider literature, we do trust inanimate objects – per the example in the title, there are cases where people really do trust a ladder (to hold their weight, for instance), and, perhaps most importantly, that this poses a challenge to that orthodoxy. My argument consists of four parts. In Section 2 I introduce an alleged distinction between trust as mere reliance and trust as a rich, morally loaded notion. In the course of doing so, I briefly sketch some models of trust. This will help us to get a handle on how some of the mainstream models of trust preclude or ignore the trusting of inanimate objects. In Section 3 I introduce cases designed to show that we have reason to think that we do trust inanimate objects. In Section 4 I consider an objection, and in Section 5 I discuss some consequences of this finding, before concluding in Section 6.
Isolated platelet concentrate transfusion during surgery: a single‐center observational cohort study
Authors: Anders Megan , Rock Peter , Cartron Alex , Chow Jonathan , Henderson Reney , Martz Douglas , Tanaka Kenichi , Mazzeffi Michael 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDSurgical patients receive platelet concentrates (PCs) for a variety of indications. However, there is limited evidence for efficacy or dosing of PCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study of surgical patients receiving isolated PC transfusion at a single academic tertiary medical center during 1 year. The primary outcome was reoperation for a bleeding complication. Bleeding complication rates were compared in patients transfused for different indications, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine variables associated with bleeding complications.RESULTSApproximately 1% of surgical patients (n = 205), including 7% of cardiac surgery patients, received an isolated PC transfusion. Cardiac surgery patients accounted for 47% of isolated PC transfusions, followed by neurosurgery (19%) and gastrointestinal surgery (13%). Most patients (81%) received a single apheresis unit of PC. Common indications were antiplatelet drugs (50%), thrombocytopenia (19%), congenital platelet disorders (2%), and both thrombocytopenia and antiplatelet drugs (12%). Bleeding complications occurred in 23% of patients, with the lowest bleeding complication rate observed in patients transfused for antiplatelet drugs (13%) and the highest rate in patients transfused for thrombocytopenia with or without antiplatelet drugs (40% and 38%, respectively). Bleeding complications were more common in noncardiac surgery but had no association with transfusion indication.CONCLUSIONDespite transfusion for conventionally accepted indications, patients who received an isolated PC transfusion experienced a high rate of bleeding complications, particularly noncardiac surgery patients. Further studies are needed to establish optimal dosing, timing, and indications for perioperative PC transfusion.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: January 2019

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 2Arlene Kent-Wilkinson, University of Saskatchewan, CanadaBenmarrakchi Fatimaezzahra, Chouaib Doukkali University, MoroccoCarmen Pérez-Sabater, Universitat Poltècnica de València, SpainEkrem Levent İlhan, University of Gazi, TurkeyErman Öncü, Karadeniz Technical University, TurkeyFatma Ozudogru, Usak University, TurkeyHanifi Parlar, İstanbul Commerce University, TurkeyHelena Reis, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PortugalHüseyin Gümüş, University of Mersin, Turkeyİbrahim Yaşar Kazu, Firat University, TurkeyIntakhab Khan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaJohn Bosco Azigwe, Bolgatanga Polytechnic, GhanaJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USAJonathan Chitiyo, University of Pittsburgh Bradford, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMary Sciaraffa, Eastern Kentucky University, USAMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMichael Wall, Independent Researcher in Music and Music Education, USARamazan Cansoy, Karabük University, TurkeyRichard Penny, University of Washington Bothell, USASadia Batool, Preston University Islamabad, PakistanSamson Chama, Alabama A & M University, USASandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USASenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeyShu-wen Lin, Sojo University, JapanStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, Greece Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
Acceptability, usability and utility of a personalised application in promoting behavioural change in patients with osteoarthritis: a feasibility study in Norway
Authors: Støme Linn Nathalie , Pripp Are Hugo , Kværner Jens S , Kvaerner Kari Jorunn 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThe dynamic and interactive mobile application Vett was designed to help change behaviour and is based on cognitive, motivational and visual techniques. Our aim is to investigate the acceptability, usability and utility of Vett as a personalised application for goal achievement.SettingThe trial took place at the rheumatology clinic at Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway from January to June 2015.ParticipantsTwelve participants with osteoarthritis were recruited from a 3.5-hour multidisciplinary group-based educational programme (osteoarthritis school).InterventionsWith the help of a physician, each participant followed a customised 12-week mixed-mode goal achievement plan with digital support based on preset goals, self-monitoring and individual feedback. Acceptability was measured as the perceived degree of goal achievement using a validated habit questionnaire scaled from 0 to 100. Utility and usability were assessed via 10 weekly questions and adherence by fulfilment of predetermined tasks.ResultsMean goal achievement was 73 (95% CI 68 to 78), an increase of 22 (95% Cl 17 to 26, p<0.01), which equals 48% improvement (95% CI 32% to 59%). Mean user satisfaction was 81 (95% CI 76 to 85), and technical usability was 80 (95% CI 75 to 84), which both increased during the study period.ConclusionThe high levels of acceptability, usability and utility support the feasibility of the personalised application Vett as a viable goal achievement tool.
Role of intuitive knowledge in the diagnostic reasoning of hospital specialists: a focus group study
Authors: Van den Brink Nydia , Holbrechts Birgit , Brand Paul L P , Stolper Erik C F , Van Royen Paul 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectiveIntuition is an important part of human decision-making and can be explained by the dual-process theory where analytical and non-analytical reasoning processes continually interact. These processes can also be identified in physicians’ diagnostic reasoning. The valuable role of intuition, including gut feelings, has been shown among general practitioners and nurses, but less is known about its role among hospital specialists. This study focused on the diagnostic reasoning of hospital specialists, how they value, experience and use intuition.Design and participantsTwenty-eight hospital specialists in the Netherlands and Belgium participated in six focus groups. The discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically coded. A circular and iterative analysis was applied until data saturation was achieved.ResultsDespite initial reservations regarding the term intuition, all participants agreed that intuition plays an important role in their diagnostic reasoning process. Many agreed that intuition could guide them, but were cautious not to be misguided. They were especially cautious since intuition does not have probative force, for example, in medicolegal situations. ‘On-the-job experience’ was regarded as a precondition to relying on intuition. Some participants viewed intuition as non-rational and invalid. All participants said that intuitive hunches must be followed by analytical reasoning. Cultural differences were not found. Both the doctor as a person and his/her specialty were seen as important determinants for using intuition.ConclusionsHospital specialists use intuitive elements in their diagnostic reasoning, in line with general human decision-making models. Nevertheless, they appear to disagree more on its role and value than previous research has shown among general practitioners. A better understanding of how to take advantage of intuition, while avoiding pitfalls, and how to develop ‘skilled’ intuition may improve the quality of hospital specialists’ diagnostic reasoning.
Evaluation of influenza surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sambala Evanson Zondani , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Imaan Loveness M , Wiysonge Charles S 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionInfluenza infrastructure systems are crucial for maintaining surveillance operations, and for mitigating and responding to the disease. The role of surveillance is to isolate and identify as rapidly as possible any new influenza strains and collate this information for the preparedness for, and response to, an impending influenza activity in humans. However, sources of surveillance information, particularly in Africa, are meagre. This systematic review will critically evaluate the existing influenza surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa.Method and analysisWe will build multiple electronic database search strategies for use in PubMed, Scopus, African Journal Online, Web of Science and Google scholar to identify as many studies as possible. The medical subject heading and keywords will include a wide range of synonyms, both in index terms and free-text words. Database search will be followed by hand searching of reference lists of all relevant studies. We will include eligible full-text studies published from 2002 in order to coincide with the establishment of the integrated disease surveillance and response system in Africa by WHO. We will examine the influenza surveillance performance systems using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on evaluating public health surveillance systems. Our outcome measures will include surveillance system attributes such as timeliness, sensitivity, specificity, acceptability, representativeness, simplicity and usefulness. We will conduct a narrative synthesis of all studies.Ethics and disseminationThis study does not require ethics approval because it uses publicly available data. Our findings will be published in a peer review journal and disseminated to policy makers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103042.
Impact of educational attainment on the association between social class at birth and multimorbidity in middle age in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study
Authors: Johnston Marjorie C , Black Corrinda , Mercer Stewart W , Prescott Gordon J , Crilly Michael A 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveMultimorbidity (the coexistence of two or more health conditions) is increasingly prevalent. No long-term cohort study has examined the impact of contemporaneously measured birth social class along with educational attainment on adult self-reported multimorbidity. We investigated the impact of educational attainment on the relationship between social class at birth and adult self-reported multimorbidity in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) cohort.MethodsA prospective cohort study using the ACONF cohort. ACONF included 12 150 individuals born in Aberdeen, Scotland 1950–1956. In 2001, 7184 (64%) responded to a questionnaire providing information including self-reported morbidity and educational attainment. The exposure was father’s social class at birth from birth records and the outcome was self-reported multimorbidity.Logistic regression assessed the association between social class and multimorbidity with adjustment for gender, then by educational attainment and finally by childhood cognition and secondary school type. ORs and 95% CIs were presented.ResultsOf 7184 individuals (mean age 48, 52% female), 5.4% reported multimorbidity. Birth social class was associated with adult multimorbidity. For example, the OR of multimorbidity adjusted by gender was 0.62 (95% CI 0.39 to 1.00) in the highest social class group (I/II) in relation to the reference group (III (manual)) and was 1.85 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.88) in the lowest social class group. This was partially attenuated in all social class categories by educational attainment, for example, the OR was 0.74 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.21) in group I/II following adjustment.ConclusionLower social class at birth was associated with developing multimorbidity in middle age. This was partially mediated by educational attainment and future research should consider identifying the other explanatory variables. The results are relevant to researchers and to those aiming to reduce the impact of multimorbidity.
Understanding care when cure is not likely for young adults who face cancer: a realist analysis of data from patients, families and healthcare professionals
Authors: Kenten Charlotte , Ngwenya Nothando , Gibson Faith , Flatley Mary , Jones Louise , Pearce Susie , Wong Geoff , Black Kath M , Haig Sue , Hough Rachael , Hurlow Adam , Stirling L Caroline , Taylor Rachel M , Tookman Adrian , Whelan Jeremy 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo understand the experiences of young adults with cancer for whom cure is not likely, in particular what may be specific for people aged 16–40 years and how this might affect care.DesignWe used data from multiple sources (semi-structured interviews with people with cancer, nominated family members and healthcare professionals, and workshops) informed by a preliminary programme theory: realist analysis of data within these themes enabled revision of our theory. A realist logic of analysis explored contexts and mechanisms affecting outcomes of care.SettingThree cancer centres and associated palliative care services across England.ParticipantsWe aimed for a purposive sample of 45 people with cancer from two groups: those aged 16–24 years for whom there may be specialist cancer centres and those 16–40 years cared for through general adult services; each could nominate for interview one family member and one healthcare professional. We interviewed three people aged 16–24 years and 30 people 25–40 years diagnosed with cancer (carcinomas; blood cancers; sarcoma; central nervous system tumours) with a clinician-estimated prognosis of <12 months along with nominated family carers and healthcare professionals. 19 bereaved family members and 47 healthcare professionals participated in workshops.ResultsData were available from 69 interviews (33 people with cancer, 14 family carers, 22 healthcare professionals) and six workshops. Qualitative analysis revealed seven key themes: loss of control; maintenance of normal life; continuity of care; support for professionals; support for families; importance of language chosen by professionals; and financial concerns.ConclusionsCurrent care towards end of life for young adults with cancer and their families does not meet needs and expectations. We identified challenges specific to those aged 16–40 years. The burden that care delivery imposes on healthcare professionals must be recognised. These findings can inform recommendations for measures to be incorporated into services.
Native American patients’ perception and attitude about kidney transplant: a qualitative assessment of patients presenting for kidney transplant evaluation
Authors: Keddis Mira , Finnie Dawn , Kim Wonsun (Sunny) 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveNative Americans suffer from lower rates of kidney transplantation compared with whites. Our goal was to elicit patients’ perceptions of and attitudes about kidney transplant and the impact of financial burden and cultural taboos.DesignThis is an exploratory qualitative interview study of 12 Native American patients recruited after completion of the kidney transplant evaluation.SettingSemistructured interviews were conducted. Interviews were coded using inductive methods, followed by interpretive coding by the investigators.ResultsThematic analysis revealed the following themes: (1) experience with kidney transplant education by the healthcare team; (2) cultural beliefs regarding kidney transplant; (3) personal motivation and attitude towards kidney transplant; (4) financial burden of kidney transplant and post-transplant care and (5) attitude about living donation.Most participants were educated about transplant as a treatment option after dialysis initiation. All patients in this study recognised that some taboos exist about the process of organ procurement and transplantation; however, the traditional views did not negatively impact their decision to pursue kidney transplant evaluation. Patients shared the common theme of preferring an organ from a living rather than a deceased person; however, the majority did not have a living donor and preferred not to receive an organ from a family member. Most patients did not perceive transplant-related cost as negatively impacting their attitude about receiving a transplant even for patients with below poverty level income.ConclusionsNative American patients presenting for kidney transplant were less likely to be educated about transplant before dialysis initiation; did not perceive financial burden and cultural beliefs were not discussed as obstacles to transplant. While a living donor was the preferred option, enthusiasm for living donation from family members was limited.
Free asparagine concentrations in Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars
Authors: Malunga Lovemore N. , Ames Nancy P. , Masatcioglu M. Tugrul , Khorshidi Ali Salimi , Thandapilly Sijo Joseph , Cuthbert Richard D. , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Scanlon Martin G. 
Published: January 2019

The amino acid asparagine is considered the rate limiting precursor in the formation of acrylamide in cereal-based baked foods. However, there are no data on the quantity of this precursor in Canadian wheat. Wholemeal and white flour samples obtained from 30 Canadian hard red spring wheat grown in the Prairie provinces were analysed for asparagine content by liquid chromatography. The asparagine content varied from 302 to 965 and 116 to 336 μg g−1 for wholemeal and white flour, respectively. Therefore, wheat grown in Canada has similar asparagine levels to wheat grown in other parts of the world. Analysis of variance suggested that asparagine content is significantly affected by genotype (p < 0.001), suggesting that breeding strategies could be investigated to produce cultivars with lower levels of this amino acid. Few significant correlations were observed between wheat and flour quality parameters and asparagine content, although there was a tendency towards weaker dough strength indices with increasing asparagine content.
Racionalismo e reificação em ​História e consciência de classe
Authors: Musse Ricardo 
Published: January 2019

História e consciência de classe é considerado, consensualmente, como um dos marcos de fundação do marxismo ocidental. Sua contribuição para a gênese da teoria crítica tampouco pode ser desprezada. O presente artigo procura mostrar como alguns conceitos decisivos do arcabouço teórico da Escola de Frankfurt foram desenvolvidos em 1923 por Georg Lukács. Destaca, sobretudo, os conceitos de reificação e racionalismo. História e consciência de classe considera a reificação, seguindo uma trilha aberta por Karl Marx, o fenômeno central da sociedade capitalista. O racionalismo é exposto em duas dimensões articuladas, na esfera do pensamento – em especial na ciência e na filosofia –, e no âmbito da vida material, como racionalidade econômica.
Redescription of Lernaeenicus ramosus Kirtisinghe, 1956 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae), with description of its male and the postnaupliar developmental stages
Authors: Izawa Kunihiko 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Lernaeenicus ramosus Kirtisinghe, 1956 is redescribed on the basis of metamorphosed females recovered from the body surface of Epinephelus akaara (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) (Pisces, Serranidae). Also the male, copepodid I, both sexes of chalimus II and III, and chalimus IV male were recovered, together with the females, from the branchial lamellae of the same host and are herein described for the first time for the species. The developmental process of leg 4 in L. ramosus differs from that in L. sprattae (Sowerby, 1806).
Some observations of Cancer pagurus Linnaeus, 1758 (Decapoda, Brachyura) in deep water
Authors: Bakke Snorre , Buhl-Mortensen Lene , Buhl-Mortensen Pål 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Available species information pages and fact sheets define 100 to 200 m as the maximum depth of occurrence for Cancer pagurus. We here present some observations from video transects conducted in Sognesjøen, Norway, where numerous individuals of adult C. pagurus were observed at more than 400 m depth. Within the area investigated, 81 live crabs, 3 dead crabs/exuviae, and 32 areas with concentrated shell remnants were counted. In addition, several areas were covered with obvious crawling tracks from crabs. Spatial variation in the density of live crabs, remnants, and tracks varied between 0 and 52 crabs/100 m2. Size estimations based on 19 individuals showed an average carapace width of 14.5 cm. Possible explanations for why the crabs are present at these depths, are discussed.
Monocorophium acherusicum (Amphipoda, Corophiidae), a species commensal to Diogenidae in Arcachon Bay, Bay of Biscay
Authors: Gouillieux Benoit 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hermit crabs are well-known to shelter many epibiotic, endobiotic or endolithic species in their shell, and examination of shells inhabited by hermit crabs in Arcachon Bay reveals the presence of several such species. Among them is the amphipod Monocorophium acherusicum, a species originally described from European waters and now known to be well distributed throughout the world, but not previously recorded to be commensal with hermit crabs, as reported herein.