bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Een juridische bypass voor innovaties
Authors: Philipsen S. , Stamhuis E.F. 
Published: June 2019

Een juridische bypass voor innovaties
In het voorliggende artikel wordt verslag gedaan van een onderzoek naar de verschillende verschijningsvormen van een tijdelijke bypass van bestaande rechtsnormen die ten behoeve van innovatie gebruikt worden. Vooral die instrumenten zijn beschreven die toegepast worden om innovatieve producten in het echte leven te testen, wanneer dat zonder die bypass niet of niet zonder meer verenigbaar zou zijn met het geldende recht. Een theoretisch model om de praktische verschijningsvormen te ordenen wordt gevolgd door een beschrijving van wettelijke experimenteerbepalingen en regulatory sandboxes. De kritische beoordeling van deze twee vormen in het licht van de geldende normen en beginselen voert tot een set vuistregels, met behulp waarvan een vergunnende overheid een bypass kan aanleggen.
Voulez-vous que la Nouvelle-Calédonie accède à la pleine souveraineté et devienne indépendante?
Authors: Karapetian G. 
Published: June 2019

Voulez-vous que la Nouvelle-Calédonie accède à la pleine souveraineté et devienne indépendante?
Nieuw-Caledonië maakt deel uit van de Franse Republiek. Op 4 november 2018 mochten Nieuw-Caledoniërs naar de stembus om zich uit te laten over de vraag of zij voorstander zijn van een soeverein Nieuw-Caledonië. In de onderhavige bijdrage wordt het wetgevingstraject naar het Nieuw-Caledonische referendum d.d. 4 november 2018 stapsgewijs uiteengezet. Daarbij wordt aandacht besteed aan de vraag welke typen normering noodzakelijk zijn geweest teneinde deze raadpleging mogelijk te maken. Ook komt ter sprake of het einde oefening is voor het onafhankelijkheidsstreven van Nieuw-Caledonië, aangezien een meerderheid van 58 procent zich tegen soevereiniteit heeft uitgesproken bij dit referendum.
“Do you wanna play a game?”. Espacio y niveles de implicación del público en la representación escénica del género terrorífico
Authors: Carrera Garrido Miguel 
Published: June 2019

El teatro, muy a menudo excluido en los estudios sobre géneros comúnmente llamados no miméticos (el terror, lo fantástico, la ciencia ficción), puede, sin embargo, aportar mecanismos que caen más allá del alcance de otros medios como el cine o la narrativa. En concreto, el terror puede beneficiarse de la ruptura de la cuarta pared y la integración del público en el ámbito escénico. El artículo rastrea, en la teoría y en la práctica, los grados de tal asimilación y las posibilidades que se siguen para la recreación del terror en las tablas. Theatre, very often excluded in studies on genres usually called non-mimetic (horror, the fantastic, science fiction), can, however, afford mechanisms that fall beyond the reach of other media such as film or narrative fiction. Specifically, horror can benefit from the breaking of the fourth wall and the integration of the audience into the scenic area. This article traces, both in theory and in practice, the degrees of this assimilation to the show and the possibilities that follow for the recreation of horror on the stage.
Las voces narrativas en la obra documental agraria de José Neches
Authors: Melendo Cruz Ana 
Published: June 2019

La aproximación a la obra documental de José Neches resulta decisiva en la comprensión del documental rural en España, no solo desde un punto de vista histórico, sino también desde una perspectiva plástica. El carácter pedagógico que los define necesita del uso de algunos artificios narrativos que posibiliten el pacto de verosimilitud entre el emisor y el receptor que anima a todo texto documental. Por eso, este trabajo quiere ocuparse de la lectura narratológica de las diferentes voces narrativas, que irrumpen en la filmografía nechesiana, para arrojar luz sobre las distintas funciones que en estos textos desempeñan. The approximation to the agrarian documentary work of José Neches is decisive for the comprehension of the rural documentary in Spain, not only from a historical point of view but, also, from a visual perspective. The pedagogical character which defines his work uses some narrative tools that make possible the verisimilitude deal between the sender and the receiver which enlivens every documentary text. Therefore, this work aims to address the narratological lecture of the different narrative voices that burst into Neches’ filmography to shed light on the many functions this texts carry.
Ethnomedicinal Practices in Kilikhar, Mongar
Authors: Chetri Bimal Kumar , Wangdi Phuntsho , Penjor Tshering 
Published: June 2019

This study records medicinal plants used in different treatment by the local healer at Kilikhar Chiwog of Mongar Dzongkhag, Bhutan. A total of 61 different medicinal plants were recorded from 52 species identified belonging to 37 different families. Preference ranking of plant species helped to validate the efficacy of the plants used for treating diseases. It is also observed that a single plant species is used to treat single to multiple diseases.
Evaluation of Carnation Cultivars; and Nitrogen and Indole Acetic Acid for Their Growth, Yield and Quality in Khumaltar, Nepal
Authors: Magar Amar Bahadur Pun 
Published: June 2019

Carnation is an important cut flower in Nepal. Several cultivars imported from abroad are being adopted for their commercial production. However, the performance of these cultivars in the specific agro-climate has not yet determined. Thus, study aimed to evaluate the performance of common cultivars, including mineral nutrition and IAA hormone on the plant growth and flowering. The study was carried out in Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar, Nepal during 2012 and 2013. Four cultivars: King Lion, Delson, Eskimo and White Liberty including nitrogen and foliar application of IAA were evaluated for plant growth and floral characteristics. The experiment was held in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications.Based on the results, cultivar King Lion had significantly highest plant height (20.66 cm), while cultivar Eskimo had the highest flower stem length (53.59 cm) and stem diameter (5.63 cm) followed by Delson (51.66 cm). The lower flower stems lengths of cultivars: White Liberty (42.48 cm) and King Lion (43.87 cm) were at par. The effect of mineral nutrition and hormone on plant height, flower stem length and flower head diameter was non-significant, however, IAA 25 ppm foliar spray was found superior over N 40 g/m2 and IAA 50 ppm applications. Thus, Eskimo is recommended as the excellent cultivar for its bigger flower stem, straightness and attractive flower looking, while cultivars; Delson and White Liberty as promising for higher flower yield. Similarly, soil application of nitrogen @ 40 g/m2 and foliar spray of auxin @ 25 ppm are recommended for higher flower yield.
Effects of Storage and Priming on Seed Emergence in Soil and Embryo Culture of Musa acuminata Calcutta 4
Authors: Wilson Victoria , Tenkouano Abdou 
Published: June 2019

Aims: Effects of 3 storage durations, 3 hydro priming protocols and 6 chemical priming protocols on emergence in soil (in vivo) and embryo culture (in vitro) of Musa acuminata Calcutta 4 were investigated.
Study Design: The experimental design was a completely randomised with three replicates. Analysis of variance was used (P=.05) to test treatment effects in a Completely Randomised design. Mean comparison was by LSD.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out for a period of 10 months at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture High Rainfall Station, Onne, in Rivers State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Seed pre-sowing treatments consisted of 3 storage protocols, 3 hydro priming and 6 chemical treatment protocols. After which treated seeds were divided into two sets. One set was sown directly in soil and the other set subjected to embryo culture technique.
Results: Seeds sown in soil immediately they were extracted had significantly higher emergence than stored seeds. Emergence declined by 20% and 23% after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of storage respectively. For embryo culture, seeds stored for 2 weeks had significantly higher germination (40%) than seeds that were not stored or seeds stored for 4 weeks (38%). Emergence in vivo was significantly higher for seeds that were not hydro primed than for seeds hydro primed for 4 days or 8 days. Emergence declined by 33% and 38% in seeds hydro primed for 4 days and 8 days respectively. Hydro priming for embryo culture for 4 days increased germination significantly by 60% compared to those without hydro priming. All the chemicals reduced emergence in both soil and in vitro procedures except that of Copper oxychloride in embryo culture which increased germination by 18%, compared to the control achieving 47% germination.
Conclusion: Higher germination was recorded with in vitro than in vivo procedures irrespective of the treatments applied. Perhaps inherent factors in the seed coat and possible interactions in soil may account for the poor emergence exhibited in vivo and will require further investigation.
Investigating the Type of Gene Action Conditioning Tolerance to Aluminum (Al) Toxicity in Tropical Maize
Authors: Ndeke Victoria , Tembo Langa 
Published: June 2019

Maize is a third important cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. In Zambia, it is an important staple crop. Its production is however hampered by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the abiotic factors, Aluminum (Al) toxicity causes high yield losses and is directly linked to acidic soils. Application of lime can ameliorate this problem, but it is expensive for small scale farmers. Developing maize varieties that are tolerant to Al toxicity is cheaper and feasible for small scale farmers. The purpose of this research was to investigate the type of gene action conditioning tolerance to aluminum toxicity in tropical maize. Eleven inbred lines were mated in an 8 male (4 moderately tolerant and 4 susceptible) x 3 female (resistant) North Carolina Design II. Results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) effects due to both males and females were highly significant (P≤ 0.001) for root biomass. The shoot length GCA effects due to both male and female respectively were significant (P≤ 0.01). Similarly, the GCA effects due to females and males for root length were significant, P≤ 0.01 and P≤ 0.05 respectively. The genotype CML 511 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (1.40) for root length among the male lines while CML 538 had the most desirable significant GCA effect value (0.92) among the female lines. The baker’s ratio for root length was found to be 0.49 implying that both additive and non-additive gene action were important in conditioning aluminum toxicity tolerance in tropical maize.
Gas Exchange and Nitrogen Compartmentalization of Eggplant under Nitrogen and Silicon Doses
Authors: Abrantes Ewerton Gonçalves de , Araujo Rocha Josinaldo Lopes , De Paiva Kariolania Fortunato , Hérica Carlos Rocha Railene , Paiva da Silva Alexandre , Oliveira Gondim Ancélio Ricardo de , Nóbrega Santos Elidayane da , Silva Marcelino Rita Magally Oliveira da 
Published: June 2019

To evaluate the effect of fertilization with N and Si on gaseous exchanges, dry mass, concentrations, accumulations and compartmentalization of nitrogen fractions in eggplant.
The experimental design was a randomized entirely design, in a 5 x 4 factorial arrangement with four replications and one plant per plot, totaling 80 experimental units.
The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Campus of Pombal, Paraiba, Brazil, between July and September 2016. The nitrogen doses applied was 25, 125, 250, 350 and 500 mg dm-3 and four silicon doses was 0, 75, 150 and 200 mg dm-3 both supplied by root. In pre-flowering stage were evaluated growth components; gas exchange, which are: photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and intercellular CO2 concentration; levels and accumulation of fractions of nitrogen (NO3-, NH4+, and total), and the silicon concentration in the leaves. There was no significant interaction (p >0.05) between the factors nitrogen and silicon doses for any of the evaluated variables. Nitrogen and silicon doses influenced the variables evaluated only independently each other. The nitrogen doses promoted increases in the photosynthetic rate and associated variables, dry matter yield of stem leaves and roots and in the concentration and accumulations of nitric, ammoniacal and total nitrogen in leaf, stem e roots and decrease the concentration of silicon in leaves. The silicon doses increased the leaf area index, the nitrate levels and accumulation in the roots and the silicon content in the leaves. In conclusion, the nitrogen supply increased the photosynthetic rate, dry mass and nitrogen accumulation and decreased the concentrations of silicon in leaf. Silicon did not interfered with growth of eggplant, however increased leaf area index, decreased nitrate levels and accumulations in the roots at lower doses of this element.
Alterations in the human gut microbiome associated with Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Wang Daoming , Li Yan , Zhong Huanzi , Ding Qiuxia , Lin Yuxiang , Tang Shanmei , Zong Yang , Wang Qi , Zhang Xiuqing , Yang Huanming , Wang Rong , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2019

Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is a prevalent infectious disease associated with gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and many nongastrointestinal disorders. To identify genes that may serve as microbial markers for HPI, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from 313 Chinese volunteers who had undergone a C14 breath test. Through comparing differences in intestinal microbial community structure between H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative individuals, we identified 58 HPI‐associated microbial species (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). A classifier based on microbial species markers showed high diagnostic ability for HPI (AUC = 0.84). Furthermore, levels of gut microbial vitamin B12 (VB12) biosynthesis and plasma VB12 were significantly lower in H. pylori‐positive individuals compared with H. pylori‐negative individuals (P < 0.05, Wilcoxon test). This study reveals that certain alterations in gut microbial species and functions are associated with HPI and shows that gut microbial shift in HPI patients may indirectly elevate the risk of VB12 deficiency.
Regional motor cortex dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Menon Parvathi , Yiannikas Con , Kiernan Matthew C. , Vucic Steve 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe pathophysiological processes underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) need to be better understood, although cortical dysfunction has been implicated. Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have assessed cortical dysfunction from the hand. The aim of the present study was to determine whether cortical dysfunction was evident across representations of three body regions, and to relate these changes to clinical features of ALS.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, threshold tracking TMS was undertaken in 60 sporadic ALS patients, with motor evoked potential (MEP) responses recorded over the hand (abductor pollicis brevis), lower limb (tibialis anterior), and bulbar (trapezius) regions. The cross‐sectional findings were compared to 28 age‐ and gender‐matched controls.ResultsCortical dysfunction was evident across the representation of the three body regions, although the degree and nature of the dysfunction varied. Cortical hyperexcitability, as heralded by reduced short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), was evident in all cortical regions (hand, P < 0.01; leg, P < 0.05; bulbar, P < 0.05) in ALS patients when compared with healthy control subjects. Importantly, features of cortical hyperexcitability seemed more prominent in clinically affected body regions and correlated with functional disability and muscle weakness. Cortical inexcitability was more prominent in the leg (P < 0.001) and bulbar regions (P < 0.01) when compared with controls.InterpretationThe nature of cortical dysfunction varied across the body regions in ALS, with cortical hyperexcitability being more prominent in the upper limbs while cortical inexcitability was more evident in the lower limbs and bulbar regions. The findings suggest a heterogeneity of cortical pathophysiological processes in ALS.
Overcoming Zinc Oxide Interface Instability with a Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite for High‐Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Schutt Kelly , Nayak Pabitra K. , Ramadan Alexandra J. , Wenger Bernard , Lin Yen‐Hung , Snaith Henry J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have achieved the highest power conversion efficiencies on metal oxide n‐type layers, including SnO2 and TiO2. Despite ZnO having superior optoelectronic properties to these metal oxides, such as improved transmittance, higher conductivity, and closer conduction band alignment to methylammonium (MA)PbI3, ZnO is largely overlooked due to a chemical instability when in contact with metal halide perovskites, which leads to rapid decomposition of the perovskite. While surface passivation techniques have somewhat mitigated this instability, investigations as to whether all metal halide perovskites exhibit this instability with ZnO are yet to be undertaken. Experimental methods to elucidate the degradation mechanisms at ZnO–MAPbI3 interfaces are developed. By substituting MA with formamidinium (FA) and cesium (Cs), the stability of the perovskite–ZnO interface is greatly enhanced and it is found that stability compares favorably with SnO2‐based devices after high‐intensity UV irradiation and 85 °C thermal stressing. For devices comprising FA‐ and Cs‐based metal halide perovskite absorber layers on ZnO, a 21.1% scanned power conversion efficiency and 18% steady‐state power output are achieved. This work demonstrates that ZnO appears to be as feasible an n‐type charge extraction layer as SnO2, with many foreseeable advantages, provided that MA cations are avoided.
Sulfur Incorporation Using Disulfanes as the Sulfur Atom Source Enabled Metal‐Free Heteroannulation of 1,7‐Enynes
Authors: Qin Jing‐Hao , Yu Jiang‐Xi , Li Jin‐Heng , An De‐Lie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new oxidative [2+2+1] heteroannulation of 1,7‐enynes with disulfanes promoted by Et3N, producing 3,3a‐dihydro‐thieno[3,4‐c]quinolin‐4(5H)‐ones, is described. This reaction is achieved by using equivalent amounts of 1,7‐enynes, sulfur atoms (disulfanes), tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) as an oxidant and Et3N as the base, and represents an unprecedented strategy to applications of disulfanes as sulfur atom sources in synthesis.magnified image
The Key Role of Modifications in Biointerfaces toward Rendering Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties in Polymeric Membranes for Water Remediation: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Samantaray Paresh Kumar , Madras Giridhar , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSafe drinking water for all is a major challenge and needs critical attention, as freshwater aquifers are rapidly declining. A strategy based on addressing scarcity through membrane‐based purification and desalination can be an immediate and robust solution. The current scientific advances toward tailoring the structure and chemical properties of existing membrane materials have enabled key insights leading to new water purification alternatives. In the first part of the article, the key requirements for water decontamination addressed through state‐of‐the‐art literature on membranes are discussed. In the next part, the specific membrane modification strategies to impede bacterial growth and enhance fouling resistance are discussed, bringing in the underlying mechanisms. Finally, promising next‐generation separation techniques that are inspired by nature, inorganic and carbonaceous nanomaterial‐based membranes, layer‐by‐layer assembly, and dynamic composite membranes, are highlighted. This perspective article will help guide researchers working in this field from both industrial and academic standpoints, especially where the research is focused toward developing strategies to modify the existing solution besides finding alternative and sustainable new materials.
Chemotaxis in shear flow: Similarity solutions of the steady‐state chemoattractant and bacterial distributions
Authors: Shim Suin , Stone Howard A. , Ford Roseanne M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhen chemotactic bacteria are exposed to a concentration gradient of chemoattractant while flowing along a channel, the bacteria accumulate at the interface between the chemoattractant source and bacterial suspension. Assuming that the interface is no‐slip, we can apply the shear flow approximation near the no‐slip boundary and solve a steady‐state convection‐diffusion model for both chemoattractant and bacterial concentrations. We suggest similarity solutions for the two‐dimensional problem and identify a critical length scale ηc for bacteria chemotaxis in a given concentration gradient. The analysis identifies three dimensionless groups representing, respectively, chemotactic sensitivity, the chemotaxis receptor constant, and the bacteria diffusion coefficient, which typically show coupled effects in experimental systems. We study the effect of the dimensionless groups separately and provide understanding of the system involving shear flow and chemotaxis.
Prevalence and utility of point‐of‐care ultrasound in the emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Pouryahya Pourya , McR Meyer Alastair D. , Koo Mei Ping Melody 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveAn observational study on the current diagnostic and procedural utility, as well as impact of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) in the emergency department (ED).BackgroundPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has been recognised as a useful non‐invasive bedside tool in providing valuable information, as well as its utility in procedural guidance for clinicians. However, its current prevalence and utility in ED remain unknown.MethodsIn October 2016, a 31‐day prospective observational study was performed in three Monash Health Emergency Departments in Melbourne, Australia. Data regarding patients’ presenting complaints, frequency, operators’ qualifications and POCUS module were collected and analysed. Factors associated with diagnostic impacts were identified.ResultsA total of 390 (2.1%) POCUS examinations were performed among 18,355 presentations in the three Monash Health EDs during the study period. POCUS was performed as a diagnostic tool in 344 (88.2%) and procedural guidance in 46 (11.8%) cases. eFAST/AAA and bedside echocardiography were the two most frequently utilised diagnostic modules. Overall, the majority of diagnostic POCUS cases were indicated for abdominal pain (35.3%), chest pain (14.0%) and trauma mainly traffic accidents (5.8%). Procedural POCUS was most commonly used for vascular access (71.7%), where dyspnoea (21.6%) was the most common presenting complaint. The majority of the cases were performed by FACEMs (Fellows of Australasian College of Emergency Medicine) (66.4%).ConclusionsDespite known diagnostic and procedural values, the prevalence of POCUS in ED was found to be lower than what was expected. The prevalence was shown to be proportional to the level of clinical expertise among the operators. Training and utility of POCUS among physicians and trainees should be further advocated and supported.