bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graph-based feature engineering for enhanced machine learning in rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohammad , Dibaji Abolfazl , Sulaimany Sadegh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fault diagnosis in rolling element bearings is critical for ensuring machinery reliability. This study improves machine learning techniques for predictive fault detection using the benchmark CWRU bearing dataset. Vibration signal data is preprocessed via balancing and graph-based feature engineering is performed to enable effective model training. Diverse classifiers including Random Forests, Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks are systematically evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation. Most of the models demonstrate exceptional performance, with top accuracies and AUC scores of 1.00. The research highlights the potential of hidden features that consider the implicit relations between the entities to improve predictive maintenance through data-driven bearing fault diagnosis.
Climate change, mass casualty incidents, and emergency response in the Arctic
Authors: Malik Ishfaq Hussain , Ford James D , Clark Dylan G , Pearce Tristan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acute emergencies have been neglected in efforts to understand and respond to the transformational climatic changes underway in the Arctic. Across the circumpolar north, social-technological changes, extreme weather, and changing ice conditions threaten lives and infrastructure, increasing the risk of mass casualty incidents (MCIs), particularly as they impact transportation systems including global shipping, aviation, and community use of semi-permanent trails on the ice, land, and water. The Arctic is an inherently dangerous environment to operate in, and due to living in permanent settlements and the uptake of mechanised modes of transportation and navigation technologies, people’s exposure to risks has changed. In responding to potential MCIs, emergency response systems face challenges due to remoteness, weather, and changing environmental conditions. We examine emergency response capacity in the Arctic, focusing on search and rescue and using examples from Canada and Greenland, identifying opportunities for enhancing emergency response as part of climate adaptation efforts.
Understanding solar minigrid sustainability and impact through a holistic key performance indicator framework
Authors: Eales Aran , Banda Elizabeth , Frame Damien , Strachan Scott 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite increasing global electrification rates, over 700 million people remain without access to electricity, predominantly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Solar minigrids offer a promising solution for rural electrification in areas unlikely to be connected to the national grid. However, existing evaluations of minigrid projects often overlook holistic performance, particularly the social impacts on the communities they serve. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing a novel key performance indicator (KPI) framework that integrates technical, economic, and social metrics, providing a comprehensive assessment of minigrid performance. The research question guiding this study is: How can a holistic KPI framework enhance the understanding of solar minigrid sustainability and impact? To address this, KPIs were designed through a systematic process involving a literature review, stakeholder engagement, and validation through a case study minigrid in Malawi. The framework was applied using data collected from smart meters, remote monitoring, and enumerator surveys. Key findings reveal that while technical performance was robust, economic sustainability requires further optimisation, and social impacts, particularly on gender and community well-being, were significant. This study demonstrates the importance of a balanced evaluation framework that considers all dimensions of minigrid performance. By adopting such a holistic approach, minigrid developers, policymakers, and investors can make more informed decisions, ultimately improving the sustainability and effectiveness of rural electrification projects.
Causal inference to scope environmental impact assessment of renewable energy projects and test competing mental models of decarbonization
Authors: Gazar Amir M , Borsuk Mark E , Calder Ryan S D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Environmental impact assessment (EIA), life cycle analysis (LCA), and cost benefit analysis (CBA) embed crucial but subjective judgments over the extent of system boundaries and the range of impacts to consider as causally connected to an intervention, decision, or technology of interest. EIA is increasingly the site of legal, political, and social challenges to renewable energy projects proposed by utilities, developers, and governments, which, cumulatively, are slowing decarbonization. Environmental advocates in the United States have claimed that new electrical interties with Canada increase development of Canadian hydroelectric resources, leading to environmental and health impacts associated with new reservoirs. Assertions of such second-order impacts of two recently proposed 9.5 TWh yr−1 transborder transmission projects played a role in their cancellation. We recast these debates as conflicting mental models of decarbonization, in which values, beliefs, and interests lead different parties to hypothesize causal connections between interrelated processes (in this case, generation, transmission, and associated impacts). We demonstrate via Bayesian network modeling that development of Canadian hydroelectric resources is stimulated by price signals and domestic demand rather than increased export capacity per se. However, hydropower exports are increasingly arranged via long-term power purchase agreements that may promote new generation in a way that is not easily modeled with publicly available data. We demonstrate the utility of causal inference for structured analysis of sociotechnical systems featuring phenomena that are not easily modeled mechanistically. In the setting of decarbonization, such analysis can fill a gap in available energy systems models that focus on long-term optimum portfolios and do not generally represent questions of incremental causality of interest to stakeholders at the local level. More broadly, these tools can increase the evidentiary support required for consequentialist (as opposed to attributional) LCA and CBA, for example, in calculating indirect emissions of renewable energy projects.
Hobbes on Justice
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) is widely regarded as one of the most important political thinkers in the western tradition. Justice is one of the main political concepts today. This is the first book-length analysis of Hobbes’s ideas on justice. Hobbes made many startling claims about justice. Norms of justice have no place outside the commonwealth, the civil law determines what is just and unjust, and nothing sovereigns do is unjust to their citizens. But what exactly did Hobbes mean by justice? And how did he convince his audience that he was speaking about justice when advancing such controversial views, and not about something else? In Hobbes on Justice, Olsthoorn traces the place of justice in Hobbes’s moral, legal, political, and international thought as developed over time. The book reconstructs his idiosyncratic glosses on notions like justice, rights, injury, obligation, and law; proposes new solutions to some long-standing interpretive puzzles; and provides in-depth discussions of property, slavery, treason, just war, and other neglected aspects of Hobbes’s thought. Olsthoorn shows that Hobbes’s theory of justice doubled as a civil theodicy: it aimed to morally empower sovereign rulers by vindicating them from all stains of injustice, no matter how horrid their rule.
Psychiatric learning experiences in PGY1 pharmacy residency training: A 5-year analysis
Authors: Harris Suzanne C , Bostwick Jolene R , Cates Marshall E , Goldstone Lisa Whittington , Werremeyer Amy B , Caley Charles F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
A growing shortage of mental health providers and the increasing prevalence and severity of mental illness necessitate a qualified pharmacist workforce to increase access and care. Psychiatric learning experiences (PLEs) completed during pharmacy residency training are one way to address this need. The purpose of this study was to characterize PLEs offered by postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) programs and completed by PGY1 residents over a 5-year period.

Methods
A retrospective review of data from PharmAcademic was conducted. All ASHP-accredited PGY1 programs from the 2016-2017 through 2020-2021 residency years were included in the descriptive analysis. PLE presence was identified using a keyword search of learning experience titles and descriptions. A post hoc analysis was conducted to compare yearly PLE completion rates during the study period and annual completion rates relative to presence or absence of a postgraduate year 2 psychiatric pharmacy residency.

Results
Of 1,461 PGY1 programs, 511 programs (34.9%) offered a PLE. Most PLEs were elective (82%). During the study period, 20.8% of PGY1 residents completed a PLE despite 77% having access.

Conclusion
PGY1 residents complete PLEs at low rates. The reasons for this are unclear and need to be further explored. The growing need for qualified pharmacists to care for patients with mental illness calls for strategies to increase mental health training, including greater completion of PLEs by PGY1 residents and an understanding of how PLEs are promoted to PGY1 residents.
Optimizing power output in hybrid photovoltaic/wind systems: a nonlinear back-stepping approach for enhanced efficiency and stability
Authors: Sabri Khadija , El Maguiri Ouadia , Farchi Abdelmajid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the challenge of controlling hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES), specifically those combining wind energy and photovoltaic sources, under varying environmental conditions such as fluctuating wind speeds and partial shading. The primary objective is to develop a robust backstepping control strategy that enhances the system’s stability and energy efficiency while ensuring seamless grid integration through the use of dual-fed induction generators. The study uses advanced modeling techniques, including maximum power point tracking for wind turbines and particle swarm optimization for photovoltaic systems, to optimize energy capture. A detailed simulation framework was designed to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy under different climatic scenarios. Quantitative results show that the wind turbine achieved over 95% power recovery, the DC link voltage remained stable within 0.5% of the reference, and photovoltaic energy extraction was optimized with 98% accuracy, even under partial shading. These findings indicate that the proposed control strategy significantly enhances the performance, reliability, and adaptability of the HRES. This work offers a promising contribution to the integration of renewable energy sources into the electrical grid, supporting a more sustainable energy future.
The aging of emotional words processing in implicit and explicit emotion task: an ERP study
Authors: Bao Ling , Zhang Qingfang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examined how cognitive aging affects emotional word processing using event-related potential technique. Young and older adults completed both implicit lexical decision and explicit emotion categorization tasks involving positive, negative, and neutral words. Behaviorally, older adults displayed a negative emotion effect in the implicit task, which was absent in young adults. While both age groups exhibited both positive and negative emotion effects in the explicit task, older adults demonstrated a greater positivity bias compared to young adults. Event-related potential technique data revealed that young adults exhibited an early negative emotion effect on the P2 and a late emotion effect on the late positivity potentials in the implicit task. In contrast, older adults exhibited an early negativity bias effect on the P2, as well as both negative and positive emotion effects on the N400, and positive emotion effects on the late positivity potentials. In the explicit task, young adults showed both early and late negative emotion effects on the P2 and late positivity potentials, while older adults showed both negative and positive emotion effects on the late positivity potentials. The results suggest distinct processing mechanisms for emotion words in young and older adults, involving both bottom–up and top–down mechanisms, which support the socioemotional selectivity theory.
Managing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after cervical radiotherapy for a head and neck cancer: esophagectomy remains a viable option
Authors: Liu Chia , Lan Tien-Li , Tsai Ping-Chung , Chien Ling-I , Huang Chien-Sheng , Huang Pin-I , Hsu Po-Kuei 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Managing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in patients with a history of cervical radiotherapy for a head and neck cancer (HNC) often requires a careful evaluation of esophagectomy due to concerns regarding complications and prognosis. This study evaluates the periesophagectomy and oncological outcomes of such patients. Patients diagnosed with ESCC between January 2010 and August 2023 and who had undergone esophagectomy with cervical anastomosis were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence (group 1) or absence (group 2) of a history of radiotherapy for as HNC. After 1: 2 propensity score matching, the perioperative and oncological outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), were evaluated. A total of 481 patients, 32 in group 1 and 449 in group 2, were included. After matching, group 1 patients and 64 patients in the group 2 were analyzed. All the patients in group 1 were males, and their mean age was 56 years. The median radiation dose was 69 Gy. The rates of anastomosis leakage, pneumonia, respiratory failure, and reoperation were comparable between the two groups. However, vocal cord palsy occurred more frequently in group 1, particularly in those with recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection (37.5%). The 3-year OS (69.6% vs. 75.2%; p = 0.26) and RFS (50.8% vs. 55.9%; p = 0.63) were similar between groups 1 and 2. In conclusion, perioperative and oncological outcomes were comparable between ESCC patients with and without prior HNC radiotherapy, supporting esophagectomy as a feasible option.
High voltinism, late-emerging butterflies are sensitive to interannual variation in spring temperature in North Carolina
Authors: Hamon Laura E , Kingsolver Joel G , Moore Kati J , Hurlbert Allen H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Climate change has been repeatedly linked to phenological shifts in many taxa, but the factors that drive variation in phenological sensitivity remain unclear. For example, relatively little is known about phenological responses in areas that have not exhibited a consistent warming trend, making it difficult to project phenological responses in response to future climate scenarios for these regions. We used an extensive community science dataset to examine changes in the adult flight onset dates of 38 butterfly species with interannual variation in spring temperatures in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, a region that did not experience a significant overall warming trend in the second half of the 20th century. We also explored whether voltinism, overwintering stage, and mean adult flight onset dates explain interspecific variation in phenological sensitivity to spring temperature. We found that 12 out of 38 species exhibited a significant advance in adult flight onset dates with higher spring temperatures. In comparison, none of the 38 species exhibited a significant advance with year. There was a significant interaction between mean onset flight date and voltinism, such that late-emerging, multivoltine species tended to be the most sensitive to spring temperature changes. We did not observe a significant correlation between phenological sensitivity and the overwintering stage. These results suggest that butterfly arrival dates may shift as temperatures are projected to rise in the southeastern United States, with late-emerging, multivoltine species potentially exhibiting the greatest shifts in adult flight onset dates.
‘Where the Wild Things Are’: The Medieval Augustinian Order’s Perception of Nature between Tree Lore and Environmental History
Authors: Ilko Krisztina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines how medieval woodlands around Augustinian convents could convey messages of power. In the thirteenth century, the papacy threatened the Augustinian friars with suppression on the grounds of their ‘lack of antiquity’. Previous scholarship showed that, in reaction to this, the friars developed a fictive past in which they claimed to have been founded by St Augustine. This article shifts attention away from human agencies to the environment. It argues that natural landscapes, most prominently woodlands, were key resources which could be used as powerful assets when asserting the antiquity of the Order. The two cornerstones of this investigation are a cluster of hermitages around Siena with a sacred ilex forest, the claimed dwelling place of the eremitical predecessors of the Augustinian friars, and the convent of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome, erected on the locus of an ‘evil walnut tree’ above the tomb of Nero. This study examines how these key spiritual centres used woodlands to display antiquity and prestige. Further attention is paid to convents on the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea to show how the sea could be perceived as equivalent to the forest. A close analysis reveals that Augustinian convents were often situated in a liminal position framed between the urban fabric and natural landscapes, such as the forest and the sea. This article thus illuminates how, in a similar way to secular rulers and their palaces, the Augustinian friars used the natural environment in strategic ways to enhance the power of their convents.
Accumulation of Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Promotes Age-Related Decline of Type H Vessels in Bone
Authors: Zhao Kai , Zhu Guo-Zheng , Li Hong-Zhou , Gao Jia-Wen , Tu Chen , Wu Di-Zheng , Huang Yu-Sheng , Han Dong , Chen Xing-Yu , Wu Long-Yan , Zhong Zhao-Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Type H vessels have been proven to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The decline of type H vessels contributes to bone loss in the aging process. Aging is accompanied by the accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). However, whether AOPP accumulation is involved in age-related decline of type H vessels is unclear. Here, we show that the increase of AOPP levels in plasma and bone was correlated with the decline of type H vessels and loss of bone mass in old mice. Exposure of microvascular endothelial cells to AOPPs significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation; increased NADPH oxidase activity and excessive reactive oxygen species generation; upregulated the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1; and eventually impaired angiogenesis, which was alleviated by redox modulator N-acetylcysteine and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Furthermore, reduced AOPP accumulation by NAC treatment was able to alleviate significantly the decline of type H vessels, bone mass loss, and deterioration of bone microstructure in old mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that AOPPs accumulation contributes to the decline of type H vessels in the aging process, and illuminate a novel potential mechanism underlying age-related bone loss.
Application of first- and second-order adjoint methods to glacial isostatic adjustment incorporating rotational feedbacks
Authors: Yu Ziheng , Al-Attar David , Syvret Frank , Lloyd Andrew J 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
This paper revisits and extends the adjoint theory for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) of Crawford et al. (2018). Rotational feedbacks are now incorporated, and the application of the second-order adjoint method is described for the first time. The first-order adjoint method provides an efficient means for computing sensitivity kernels for a chosen objective functional, while the second-order adjoint method provides second-derivative information in the form of Hessian kernels. These latter kernels are required by efficient Newton-type optimization schemes and within methods for quantifying uncertainty for non-linear inverse problems. Most importantly, the entire theory has been reformulated so as to simplify its implementation by others within the GIA community. In particular, the rate-formulation for the GIA forward problem introduced by Crawford et al. (2018) has been replaced with the conventional equations for modelling GIA in laterally heterogeneous earth models. The implementation of the first- and second-order adjoint problems should be relatively easy within both existing and new GIA codes, with only the inclusions of more general force terms being required.
Investigating the velocity of magmatic intrusions and its relation with rock fracture toughness: insights from laboratory experiments and numerical models
Authors: Gaete Ayleen , Maccaferri Francesco , Furst Séverine , Pinel Virginie 
Published: November 2024

Summary
A key question for those who study magmatic and volcanic processes is: ‘How fast can a magmatic intrusion travel?’ Observations and models indicate ranges between 10−2 and 1 m s−1 depending on several parameters, including magma buoyancy (or driving pressure), viscosity and rock fracture toughness (Kc). However, Kc values are difficult to constrain, as effective values inferred from large magmatic intrusions may be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger than measured values from small laboratory samples. This can be attributed to non-elastic processes that dissipate energy at different rates, depending on factors such as the fracture dimension and fracture propagation velocity. Here, we aim to investigate this aspect and provide a scheme for estimating effective fracture toughness values (Keff) by considering fluid-filled fracture processes across different ranges of propagation velocities. To do so, we combine (i) analogue laboratory experiments involving the propagation of oil- and air-filled cracks within a solidified gelatin block, with (ii) numerical simulations, reproducing the crack shape and velocity and providing an estimate of the energy dissipated by the fluid flow between the crack walls. We show that even at the scale of our experiments, Keff values exhibit significant variations spanning over an order of magnitude. Over the velocity ranges relative to our two sets of experiments, we identify two empirical relations for an effective, velocity-dependent fracture energy (∆Ef (v)), showing that when such an empirical relation is implemented into the numerical model, it improves the prediction of velocities and velocity variations. Following a similar procedure and building empirical relations for ∆Ef (v) or Keff(v) at the scale of magmatic intrusions would improve predictions on dyke propagation velocities in the crust. In order to do so, a considerable amount of observations on the geometry and propagation velocity of magmatic dykes should be gathered.