bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Interface Effect of Ru/CeO2 Heterostructures for Enhanced Hydrogen Electrocatalysis in Freshwater and Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Qi Fangbing , Qin Xiaoyan , Wang Jianquan , Yang Xiaodong , Sun Yiqiang , Li Cuncheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDirect seawater electrolysis confronts pivotal challenges in both catalytic efficiency and process engineering domains. Herein, a metal hybridization strategy is proposed for crafting an HER catalyst featuring Ru nanoparticles anchored on the surface of CeO2 and integrated with conductive carbon (Ru/CeO2/C). Ru/CeO2/C heterostructure catalyst exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic prowess towards HER, manifesting overpotentials of merely 30 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH, surpassing the performance of commercial Pt/C. Notably, the overpotentials escalate to 41 and 338 mV respectively, in environments of 1 M KOH supplemented with 0.5 M NaCl and 3.5% NaCl. Meanwhile, Ru/CeO2/C || RuO2 exhibits 1.68 V at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater for overall water splitting. Experimental data underscores the Ru‐CeO2 interface's pivotal role in modulating charge, intensifying electronic coupling, and refining adsorption/desorption energies. High surface area carbon integration amplifies activity, stability, and kinetics via robust interfacial dynamics, yielding the Ru/CeO2/C heterostructure catalyst's remarkable hydrogen production efficiency in alkaline and seawater media. This work may provide new options for the design and preparation of potential HER directly used seawater electrocatalysts.
Bis(phenylsulfonyl)sulfide as a Bifunctional Single‐Sulfur Source for the Rapid Assembly of Unsymmetric Diaryl Sulfides Enabled by Copper Catalyst
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Zhou Yong , Huang Chaoqun , Pang Huailin , Huang Pengmian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRapid access to unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides through a bifunctional single‐sulfur source is a very attractive strategy. Here we report the utilization of bis(phenylsulfonyl)sulfide as a bielectrophilic sulfide platform molecule for chemoselective and sequential installation of two different aryl nucleophiles by twice copper‐catalyzed Chan–Lam‐type cross couplings to access diverse unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides. This strategy demonstrates good tolerance to a wide range of aryl boronic acids under different metal catalysts, good functional group compatibility, as well as the extension to the modification of complex bioactive molecules.
Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia: Report of 82 Patients and Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Kaze Edeline , Baldin Pamela , Piessevaux Hubert , Dahlqvist Géraldine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundData about the clinical significance and outcome of patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia are limited.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics of patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia and compare our findings with the literature.MethodsFrom January 2015 to March 2021, patients with a diagnosis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia were included. They were extracted from the database of the pathology department of Cliniques universitaires Saint‐Luc. Clinical and histological data were retrospectively recorded and complications of portal hypertension and mortality were analyzed. We also performed a systematic review of the literature.ResultsEighty‐two histology‐proven nodular regenerative hyperplasia were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 58 ± 14 years. At least one clinical sign of portal hypertension was present in 37 patients (45%), and liver tissue sampling was performed for 29 of them for evaluation of portal hypertension. Conversely, nodular regenerative hyperplasia was an incidental discovery in 27 patients (33%), mostly after liver resection for metastasis (n = 15) or protocol biopsy in liver‐transplanted patients (n = 9). The 5‐year liver‐related mortality was 5%. The 5‐year non‐liver‐related mortality was 20%. Patients diagnosed by clinical suspicion (n = 55) were compared to patients diagnosed incidentally (n = 27). Patients with an incidental diagnosis had more frequently a condition associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia than patients diagnosed clinically (93% vs. 66%, p = 0.008) and they developed significantly lower liver‐related complications (4% vs. 27%, p = 0.01). A systematic review allowed us to compare our patients with 10 case series in the literature.ConclusionThe clinical spectrum of patients with nodular regenerative hyperplasia is heterogeneous, including patients with clinical liver manifestations and patients diagnosed incidentally who could remain free of liver‐related complications. This suggests that nodular regenerative hyperplasia could be a histological epiphenomenon as well as a clinical entity.
Ethical Considerations in Complications of Surgical Procedures
Authors: Mehdorn H. Maximilian , Mehdorn Anne-Sophie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSurgical procedures carry certain risks of complications, which need to be considered and discussed when any procedure is suggested to a patient. In this article, some ethical problems will be discussed concerning the communication of problems after they have occurred. Some clinical case studies will serve to clarify the need for having standards of ethical behavior, even in difficult situations. Further information will be given from experience gained from a medicolegal commission for malpractice complaints.
Unexpected Complications Following Accidental Petrosal Vein Damage during Standard Retrosigmoid Surgery for a Large Vestibular Schwannoma: Introspection and Lessons Learned
Authors: Nair Suresh , Shrivastava Adesh , Nair Anirudh , Mishra Rakesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe present the case of a patient with a vestibular schwannoma (VS) who developed vascular complications following surgery and discuss the potential mechanisms. Additionally, we systematically searched the literature to identify citations on vascular and brain stem complications following VS surgery. We excluded the articles related to facial and vestibulocochlear nerve–related complications and other complications, such as headache, tinnitus, and ataxia. We also excluded the articles related to recurrent vestibular schwannoma because our article focuses on primary VS surgery–related complications due to vascular injury. We have clearly come a long way in managing vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery over the past century. In the early twentieth century, VS surgery entailed high morbidity and mortality. The principles of microneurosurgery have improved the outcomes of surgery on VSs to a great extent. The current concept in modern VS surgery is maximal safe resection with minimal complications and minimal cranial nerve deficits. The management of VS has undergone a paradigm shift from reducing mortality to facial nerve preservation and the preservation of hearing. Surgery of the cerebellopontine (CP) angle requires a unique skill set and is a craft in that any iatrogenic damage can have devastating results on the neurovascular structures and brain stem in the vicinity. As with other neurosurgical procedures, the goal of VS surgery is to minimize complications, but complications are always possible, from the positioning of the patient under general anaesthesia to complications during the various steps of VS surgery. In spite of advancements in surgical techniques and better illumination provided by modern high-end microscopes, the surgical removal of large and giant vestibular schwannomas with good preservation of facial nerve function continues to be one of the most challenging operations in modern neurosurgery. The complexity of operating on the vestibular schwannoma is attributable not only to the difficult anatomy in the CP angle but also to the presence of multiple vital neurovascular structures and the brain stem in the vicinity. The various complications arising out of surgery for vestibular schwannomas range from one or more cranial nerve deficits to life-endangering complications associated with vascular and/or brain stem damage. The senior author, who has a personal experience with consecutively operating on 835 such cases of large and giant vestibular schwannoma, describes the clinical course following petrosal vein damage to a patient who underwent a standard retrosigmoid operation for a large vestibular schwannoma. We retrospectively analyse the critical management issues that could have reduced the unexpected morbidity resulting in a prolonged hospital stay.
The Naked Neurosurgeon and the Anatomy of a Complication
Authors: Pande Anil , Ghosh Siddhartha , Krishna Kumar G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe neurosurgeon is always poised precariously between the operation and the abyss of a complication. As Wilder Penfield sagaciously wrote in 1961, “I will faithfully record and analyze my failures in the care of the sick, seeking the cause, so that those who follow may be warned of the danger.”AimThis paper seeks to briefly overview the literature on complications in surgery, neurosurgery in particular.Materials and MethodProgress in our specialty has been accomplished by the overcoming of complications via technique or technology. Dr. Samer Nashef commented sarcastically that surgeons are not, as a general rule, well known for their rapacious appetite for reading. But knowing the literature on complications from our field and others is essential for progress. We must know the anatomy of complications to avoid and manage them.In 1992, Michael Apuzzo published his magnus opus, Brain surgery: Complication avoidance and management, which was admirably followed by Edward Benzel’s edited work Spine surgery: Techniques, complication avoidance and management, setting standards in the science of complication avoidance and management in 1999 for years to come. In 2001, Crossing the quality chasm: A new health system for the twenty-first century was published in the United States by the Institute of Medicine. Lucian Leape (a pediatric and thoracic surgeon) published Error in Medicine in JAMA in December 1994, and in 1991, he published the Harvard Medical Practice Study, defining essential terms like adverse event and negligence. Atul Gawande, a general surgeon at Harvard University, wrote “The Bell Curve: What happens when patients find out how good their doctors really are,” in the New Yorker on December 6, 2004; he went on to pen Complications—A surgeon’s notes on an imperfect science in 2002 and Better: A surgeon’s notes on performance in 2007; and he peaked with his classic The Checklist Manifesto—How to get things right in 2009. In 2015, The Naked Surgeon—The power and peril of transparency in medicine appeared. Written by a cardiothoracic surgeon, Samer Nashef, the book takes the study of complication avoidance to a different level and describes how cardiac surgery blazed the trail in quality monitoring and improvement, leaving no scope for other specialties but to follow. The era of the naked neurosurgeon may be beginning anytime.ConclusionEver since E. C. Pearce delivered the 34th Rovenstine lecture, 40 years behind the mask—Safety revisited, in 1996, the literature on complication avoidance and management has been growing exponentially. Cross-specialty discourse and the exchange of ideas are essential for neurosurgery to maintain its position as the emperor of all specialties.
Effect of Staphylococcal Decolonization Regime on Post-Craniotomy Meningitis
Authors: Gupta Ankush , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPost craniotomy meningitis (PCM), an uncommon complication following craniotomy can be categorized as either bacterial meningitis (BM) or aseptic meningitis (AM) based on the results of CSF culture. Staph. aureus is a common causative organism. Some patients who are nasal carriers of these organisms have been shown to be at a higher risk of acquiring surgical site infections (SSI) following general or gynecological surgeries. Staphylococcal decolonization regime (SDR), using chlorhexidine gluonate (CHG) showers and application of mupirocin ointment to the anterior nares, is an attempt to reduce the load of these bacteria in a patient prior to surgery. SDR targeted at those proven to be nasal carriers of staphylococcal bacteria, has shown to reduce SSI following general surgery, gynecological surgery and cardio-thoracic surgery. However, its effectiveness in reducing PCM has been poorly investigated. In a review of the literature on the use of SDR in patients undergoing craniotomy, we found only one study where the authors used CHG showers but in a non-targeted fashion (all patients rather than only carriers). They showed a reduction in the incidence of both AM and BM following craniotomy compared to historical controls, but the study had a confounder in the form of a change of the prophylactic antibiotic used. While there is no high quality evidence that SDR is effective in reducing PCM, its relatively low cost, easy implementation and few and mild side effects, would make it attractive to adopt in patients undergoing craniotomy.
Recurrent Symptomatic Cage Migration After Minimally Invasive L4-5 TLIF
Authors: Turel Mazda K. , Meshram Bhushan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 70-year-old man presented with severe lower-back pain and left L5 radiculopathy that was resistant to all forms of conservative treatment. Imaging showed a grade 1 unstable degenerative listhesis at L4/5 that resulted in severe left lateral recess stenosis. To this end, he underwent an uneventful minimally invasive L4/5 unilateral transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and he was discharged 3 days later with complete relief of leg pain. But 2 weeks later, he presented to the emergency room with a recurrence of severe left leg pain. A plain X-ray obtained in the ER showed a displaced interbody cage (backout). The patient underwent revision surgery, where the cage was removed. A larger cage was reinserted, and right-sided pedicle screw and rod fixation was performed. This resulted in complete pain relief until 2 weeks later, when the patient experienced yet another recurrence of cage migration. This time, the cage was removed, and the interbody space was successfully impacted with a bone graft. Since then, he has been pain-free over a 6-month period. The possible reasons for cage backout and strategies to prevent it are discussed.
Postoperative CSF Rhinorrhoea
Authors: Bhagwat Aniruddha , Deopujari Chandrashekhar , Shah Nishit , Karmarkar Vikram 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is a well known complication following skull base surgery. Identifying the site of leak is the most important determinant for the appropriate approach in the further management of the case. Either transcranial or transnasal approaches may be used, alone or in combination, as deemed appropriate. The success of the repair depends on the site of the fistula, the timing of surgery, and patient factors. Discussion of two illustrative cases is presented here to describe the challenges faced by the neurosurgeon in the recognition and the immediate and definitive management of postoperative CSF rhinorrhoea and various strategies for a successful outcome in their repair.
Artificial intelligence in respiratory pandemics—ready for disease X? A scoping review
Authors: Straub Jennifer , Estrada Lobato Enrique , Paez Diana , Langs Georg , Prosch Helmut 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to identify repeated previous shortcomings in medical imaging data collection, curation, and AI-based analysis during the early phase of respiratory pandemics. Based on the results, it seeks to highlight essential steps for improving future pandemic preparedness.

Materials and methods
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Reviews for articles published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2021, using the terms “imaging” or “radiology” or “radiography” or “CT” or “x-ray” combined with “SARS,” “MERS,” “H1N1,” or “COVID-19.” WHO and CDC Databases were searched for case definitions.

Results
Over the last 20 years, the world faced several international health emergencies caused by respiratory diseases such as SARS, MERS, H1N1, and COVID-19. During the same period, major technological advances enabled the analysis of vast amounts of imaging data and the continual development of artificial intelligence algorithms to support radiological diagnosis and prognosis. Timely availability of data proved critical, but so far, data collection attempts were initialized only as individual responses to each outbreak, leading to long delays and hampering unified guidelines and data-driven technology to support the management of pandemic outbreaks. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of imaging in the early stages of SARS, MERS, H1N1, and COVID-19, and outline possible actions for advancing future pandemic preparedness.

Conclusions
Advancing international cooperation and action on these topics is essential to create a functional, effective, and rapid counteraction system to future respiratory pandemics exploiting state of the art imaging and artificial intelligence.

Key Points

Question

What has been the role of radiological data for diagnosis and prognosis in early respiratory pandemics and what challenges were present?

Findings

International cooperation is essential to developing an effective rapid response system for future respiratory pandemics using advanced imaging and artificial intelligence.

Clinical relevance

Strengthening global collaboration and leveraging cutting-edge imaging and artificial intelligence are crucial for developing rapid and effective response systems. This approach is essential for improving patient outcomes and managing future respiratory pandemics more effectively.

Graphical Abstract
Pea and soy fortified with leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis comparable to whey in a murine ageing model
Authors: Dijk Francina J. , van Dijk Miriam , Roberts Justin , van Helvoort Ardy , Furber Matthew J.W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To meet the global dietary protein demands, a trend towards plant-based protein (PBP) sources to replace animal-derived protein is currently ongoing. However, PBPs may not have the same anabolic capacity to stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS) as dairy proteins. For vulnerable populations with specific medical needs, it is especially important to validate the anabolic properties of PBPs. In this study, a blend of pea and soy protein isolate, with or without additional leucine, was compared to whey protein isolate on MPS in aged mice.

Methods
25-Months aged C57BL/6J-mice received an oral gavage with 70 mg of whey protein isolate (W), PS protein isolate (PS; ratio 51:49), PS fortified with 19% leucine (PS + L), or 0.5mL water (F). Mice were subcutaneously injected with puromycin (0.04 µmol/g body weight, t = 30 min) and sacrificed 60 min thereafter. Left m. tibialis anterior (TA) was used to analyse MPS by the SUnSET method and mTOR signal transduction proteins. Amino acid concentrations were determined in plasma and right TA. Dried blood spots (DBS) were analysed for postprandial dynamics of amino acids at 10-20-45-60-min.

Results
MPS was significantly increased by W and PS + L (p < 0.003), however not by PS. Pathway protein 4EBP1 showed significant increases with W, PS and PS + L to F (p < 0.0002). W and PS + L increased plasma and muscle free leucine equally, which was confirmed by DBS.

Conclusion
A PS blend fortified with leucine stimulates MPS comparable to whey protein in this acute murine ageing model. Leucine appears to be the main driver for the anabolic responses observed.
Different infant formulas can activate toll-like receptor 9 in vitro and inhibit interleukin 6 in human primary intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Hedegger Kathrin , Hommel Theresa , Schaubeck Monika , Gimpfl Martina , Dahlhoff Maik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most severe gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants caused by an exaggerated intestinal epithelial immune activation. Several studies show that modulation of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activity may have positive effects on preventing intestinal inflammatory mechanisms ultimately resulting in NEC development. In this study, the effect of various infant formulas (IF) and the probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 on TLR9 activation were analyzed in vitro.

Methods
First, TLR4 and TLR9 expression was analyzed on human primary intestinal epithelial cells (P-IECs) by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Then genetically designed HEK-Dual™ hTLR9 (NF/IL8) reporter cells (HEK-Dual) were treated with different IFs, L. fermentum CECT5716, and different functional components to measure TLR9 activation via luminescence. Finally, the IFs were investigated in P-IECs to analyze TLR downstream signaling by Western blot analysis.

Results
IFs containing intact protein and L. fermentum CECT5716 activated TLR9 in HEK-Dual cells, but the functional components lactoferrin, L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate, and hydrolyzed whey proteins failed to activate TLR9. In P-IECs, the IFs induced increased phosphorylation of MAPK8/9 of the TLR signaling pathway and significantly reduced IL6 levels. Consistently, IL6 levels were increased in P-IECs when TLR9-signaling was inhibited. Interestingly, L. fermentum CECT5716 enhanced TLR9-signaling and increased NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha-phosphorylation.

Conclusion
We found out that the used control formula, prebiotic formula, prebiotic formula with hydrolyzed-protein, and L. fermentum CECT5716 reduce IL6 levels in human P-IECs through TLR9 activation. L. fermentum CECT5716 and the here tested IFs could be a promising approach for modulation of gut health in infants.
Association between homologous recombination deficiency and time to treatment failure to platinum-based chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer by using the C-CAT database
Authors: Ishigaki Kazunaga , Tokito Yurie , Takahara Naminatsu , Nishio Hiroto , Endo Go , Fukuda Koshiro , Ishida Kota , Fukuda Rintaro , Takaoka Shinya , Oyama Hiroki , Noguchi Kensaku , Suzuki Tatsunori , Sato Tatsuya , Saito Tomotaka , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Miyabayashi Koji , Sato Yasuyoshi , Nakai Yousuke , Kage Hidenori , Oda Katsutoshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Since homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) is relatively uncommon in pancreatic cancer (PC), its impact on time-to-treatment failure (TTF) among patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy for unresectable and recurrent PC remains uncertain.

Methods
Among patients with unresectable and recurrent PC enrolled in the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) database by July 2023, a total of 1394 patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy with either gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) or FOLFIRINOX (FFX) and received tissue-based CGP tests after disease progression were included in this study. HRD was defined as the presence of germline or somatic genetic mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR)-related genes such as ATM, BARD1, BRIP1, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, CDK12, PALB, and RAD51C/D. We investigated the correlation between HRD and TTF among patients treated with GnP and FFX.

Results
First-line chemotherapy consisted of GnP in 69% of the cases and FFX in 31%. The CGP tests used were NCC OncoPanel and FoundationOne CDx in 26% and 74%, respectively. HRR-related genetic abnormalities were identified in 107 patients (7.6%): BRCA2 (n = 51), ATM (n = 34), BRCA1 (n = 9), PALB2 (n = 9), among others. In the GnP cohort, the median TTF was comparable between the HRD and non-HRD groups (5.3 vs 4.6 months, P = 0.44). Conversely, in the FFX cohort, it was significantly longer in the HRD group compared to the non-HRD group (7.3 vs. 4.7 months, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that HRR-related genetic abnormalities might be predictive of TTF in platinum-based chemotherapy for PC.