bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding the horizons: Uncontrolled donors after circulatory death for lung transplantation—First comparison with brain death donors
Authors: Valdivia Daniel , Gómez de Antonio David , Hoyos Lucas , Campo‐Cañaveral de la Cruz Jose Luis , Romero Alejandra , Varela de Ugarte Andrés 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUncontrolled donation after cardiac death is an appealing source of organs for lung transplantation. We compare early and long‐term outcomes of lung transplantation with these donors with a cohort of transplants from brain death donors at our institution. Retrospective analysis of all lung transplantations was performed from 2002 to 2012. We collected variables regarding recipients, donors, recover and transplant procedures, early and late complications, and survival. We included 292 lung transplants from brain death donors and 38 from uncontrolled donors after cardiac death. Both groups were comparable except for sex mismatch (male recipient‐female donor was more frequent in the brain death cohort, 17.8% vs 0%, P 0.002), total ischemic time (longer for donors after cardiac death, 657 minutes for the first lung and 822 minutes for the second vs 309 and 425 minutes, P < 0.001), and ex vivo evaluation (more frequent in cardiac death donors, 21.1% vs 1.4%, P < 0.001). Early and late outcomes were not different (ICU stay [9 vs 10.5 days], hospital stay [33.5 vs 35 days], primary graft dysfunction G3 [24 vs 34.2%], and chronic graft dysfunction HR 1.19 [0.61‐2.32]), but overall survival was significantly lower for patients transplanted from cardiac death donors [HR 1.67 (1.06‐2.64)]. Lung transplantation after uncontrolled cardiac death offers poorer results in terms of survival compared to brain death donation. Refinement of current strategies for graft preservation and evaluation is essential to improve outcomes with this source of grafts.
Formal‐sector employment and Africa's youth employment crisis: Irrelevance or policy priority?
Authors: Sumberg James , Flynn Justin , Mader Philip , Mwaura Grace , Oosterom Marjoke , Sam‐Kpakra Robert , Shittu Ayodele Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationYouth employment has risen to the top of Africa's development agenda. But there is an often‐ignored tension between the current focus of policy and implementation on self‐employment and entrepreneurship, and the ability of employment in the informal economy to meet the commitment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to “decent work for all”. Formal‐sector employment is more likely to offer decent work, but a policy focus on it can be dismissed as unrealistic, if not elitist.PurposeThis paper aims to review and synthesize evidence about formal‐sector employment in countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) and young people's engagement with it, for the purpose of bringing such employment more centrally into policy and interventions to address the continent's youth employment crisis.Approach and methodsThe article reviews evidence provided by selected labour‐market surveys and recent research studies from SSA on formal‐sector employment and informal employment within the formal sector.FindingsFormal‐sector employment is concentrated in urban areas, as are the vast majority of young Africans who have completed secondary school, and it is more likely to provide decent work than other forms of employment. These facts make it a serious mistake to underestimate the role of employment in the formal sector in addressing Africa's youth employment challenge.Policy implicationA long‐term commitment to (a) the creation of new employment opportunities within the formal sector and (b) improving the governance of labour markets should be central to the co‐ordinated response to Africa's youth employment crisis. Building on the existing base of educated young people and formal‐sector employment in urban areas is likely to be the most effective way of creating a “decent work economy”.
Facing the Civic Love Gap: James Baldwin's Civic Education for Interpersonal Solidarity
Authors: Fantuzzo John P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this essay John Fantuzzo critiques civic education's current focus on power and turns to James Baldwin's conception of love as offering an alternative approach. Fantuzzo's argument is that Baldwin's understanding of love can contribute to civic education by disclosing the significance of interpersonal solidarity between citizens, a significance that is obscured when power is of primary focus. He develops this argument by first examining the work of love in Baldwin's fiction and nonfiction. He then analyzes what he calls the familiar story in civic education, which is conceptually based in identity politics, progress, and power. Finding a sophisticated rehearsal of the familiar story in Meira Levinson's No Citizen Left Behind, Fantuzzo illuminates for readers how, despite the many strengths of her book, Levinson's focus on power obscures the need for interpersonal solidarity in civic education. He concludes by providing a close reading of Baldwin's “A Letter to My Nephew” in order to explain Baldwin's guiding principles for a civic education that prioritizes the work of love. Without ignoring social inequities or the need for civic empowerment, Fantuzzo shows that Baldwin contributes to civic education by prioritizing the work of love and instructing his nephew, and the reading public, to face the civic love gap.
Toward a Theory of Pedagogical Reduction: Selection, Simplification, and Generalization in an Age of Critical Education
Authors: Lewin David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, David Lewin examines the processes of educational representation, simplification, and selection, proposing the term “pedagogical reduction” in order to clarify the role these processes play within pedagogy. Although this term is virtually unknown among Anglo‐American educational theorists, it reflects a substantial theoretical basis in the related German concept didaktishe Reduktion. Drawing on sources from the hermeneutic tradition, Lewin argues that education is fundamentally an interpretive exercise because selection and simplification require the interpretive judgment of educators, and that the hermeneutic constraints applied to education entail forms of reduction. He then examines pedagogical reduction within the curriculum areas of history, science, and philosophy in order to illustrate the generative and generalizing nature of pedagogical reduction, which takes students from particulars (objects, exercises, or events) to general or universal principles. Lewin discusses Comenius's 1658 textbook Orbis Sensualium Pictus in order both to illustrate pedagogical reduction as a historical form and to draw attention to a key historical moment in the development of educational representation and reduction. He then turns to an examination of skepticism of pedagogical reduction from progressive and critical pedagogies. The argument culminates in the suggestion that educational theory is too often presented with a false dilemma: either accept the need for a contrived educational experience disconnected from the experiences and concerns of life, or react against this flattened educational aspiration by seeking something authentic and progressive that meaninglessly conflates education and life. Understanding the proper place of reduction in education, Lewin concludes, is vital in mediating this dichotomy.
Time‐varying consumption tax, productive government spending, and aggregate instability
Authors: Bambi Mauro , Venditti Alain 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate if government balanced‐budget rules together with endogenous taxation may lead to aggregate instability in an endogenous growth framework. After highlighting the differences with the exogenous growth framework, we prove that under counter‐cyclical consumption taxes, while there exists a unique balanced growth path, sunspot equilibria based on self‐fulfilling expectations occur through a form of global indeterminacy. In addition, we argue that this result is empirically plausible for a large set of OECD countries and that it may also emerge with endogenous income taxes.
Associations between person‐centred climate and perceived quality of care in nursing homes: A cross‐sectional study of relatives’ experiences
Authors: Lood Qarin , Kirkevold Marit , Sjögren Karin , Bergland Ådel , Sandman Per‐Olof , Edvardsson David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo explore the extent to which a more person‐centred climate could explain the variation in quality of care, as rated by relatives to nursing home residents in three countries.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational, anonymous questionnaire study.MethodsQuestionnaires were administered to 346 relatives to residents in six nursing homes in Australia, Norway and Sweden between April–June 2016. Relatives (N = 178) agreed to participate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression.ResultsThe results showed that the relatives’ experiences of a more person‐centred climate were associated with higher ratings of the quality of care. A person‐centred climate of safety had the strongest unique association with the quality of care, explaining 14% of the variance in quality of care. In addition, the results indicated that the relatives in general were satisfied with the quality of care and that children to the residents rated the quality of care higher than partners or other relatives.ConclusionThis study advances the understanding of the relationship between person‐centredness in nursing homes and quality of care, showing that person‐centred climate aspects of safety and hospitality have a significant role in the quality of care as perceived by relatives.ImpactPerson‐centredness in nursing homes is often mentioned as a quality of care indicator, but the empirical evidence for this suggestion is limited. This study expanded the evidence‐base for person‐centredness as a significant aspect of relatives’ experiences of the quality of care in nursing homes.
Looking toward 2030: Strengthening midwifery education through regional partnerships
Authors: Srisaeng Pakvilai , Upvall Michele J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of a regional capacity‐building project between Thailand and Laos that supports the United Nation's sustainable development goal 3 through midwifery education.DesignDiscussion paper based on an exemplar.Data SourcesThe International Confederation of Midwifery's standards of midwifery education and World Health Organization midwifery educator core competencies provided the framework for capacity‐building of Lao midwifery educators.Implications for nursing: Knowledge gained from this 2‐year project (October 2015–November 2017) increased the teaching confidence of midwifery educators while linking international standards and competencies to curriculum revision. In addition, capacity‐building projects based on a needs assessment and implementation from regional partners may result in policy changes at the local and national level.ConclusionPartnerships are essential to meeting the sustainable development goals. These regional partnerships may be highly effective in creating sustainable capacity‐building projects.ImpactMaternal mortality and preventing deaths of children under 5 years old continues to be a challenge across the globe despite progress made in recent years. Progress toward sustainable development goal 3, requires efforts addressed in sustainable development goal17, partnership. Laos has one of the highest maternal mortality rates in Southeast Asia. A project to increase capacity of midwifery educators demonstrated the benefit of regional partnerships in Laos to have an impact on sustainable development goal 3 ultimately improving maternal outcomes throughout the country.Partnerships especially those between countries in the same region, are crucial to the success of meeting the sustainable development goals.
Democratic Control of Information in the Age of Surveillance Capitalism
Authors: Sangiovanni Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarol Gould's article offers a powerful argument against the sufficiency of informed consent in an age of surveillance capitalism. In this review, I assess the three main claims that Gould makes in her article, namely that (1) democratic control is required by the all‐affected principle; (2) democratic control is a means of ensuring that surveillance corporations and governments track public, rather than merely private, interests; and (3) democratic control is constitutive of freedom as self‐development and self‐transformation.
Biogeographical history constrains climatic niche diversification without adaptive forces driving evolution
Authors: Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Rodrigues João Fabrício M. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre F. , Rangel Thiago F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of biogeographical history on climatic niche diversification.LocationSimulated clades evolving in South America.MethodsWe modelled species evolution under neutral community dynamics and purposely assumed that climatic niche is an emergent property of species. This assumption allows us to better understand whether phylogenetic niche conservatism could be observed when climatic niche is only constrained by biogeographical processes of dispersal and speciation. We varied speciation and dispersal probability, calculating phylogenetic signal of niche overlap and distance between niche centroids for each emergent artificial biota. We then compared the phylogenetic signal of our model with the expectation of climatic niche evolution under Brownian motion (BM).ResultsWe found that phylogenetic signal of climatic niche in the spatially explicit neutral model is usually higher than expected by chance, but lower than expected by BM evolution. Because simulated climatic niches have lower phylogenetic signal than expected by BM evolution, standard ecological and evolutionary interpretation would suggest that climatic niche evolved with little variation over time caused by strong evolutionary constraints. However, our model assumes that climatic niche does not evolve by adaptive forces and is only a consequence of stochastic dispersal and speciation over space and time.Main conclusionsOur study reinforces the strong imprints of biogeographical processes on climatic niche evolution, even when no adaptive forces are driving niche diversification. Therefore, although testing phylogenetic signal is the most common approach in studies evaluating phylogenetic patterns in climatic niche conservatism, our results reinforce previous claims that these patterns alone are not capable of distinguishing the possible effect of space in the retention of climatic niche. Biogeographical processes alone can leave imprints in patterns of climatic niche overlap between related species. A careful evaluation of macroevolutionary models underlying phylogenetic patterns of niche variation among species is important to avoid pitfalls related to interpretation of mechanisms of niche diversification.
Parallel Miocene dispersal events explain the cosmopolitan distribution of the Hypogymnioid lichens
Authors: Divakar Pradeep K. , Wei Xin‐Li , McCune Bruce , Cubas Paloma , Boluda Carlos G. , Leavitt Steven D. , Crespo Ana , Tchabanenko Svetlana , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimContemporary species’ distributions are shaped by both geography and historical events, such as extinction, diversification in specific areas and long‐distance dispersals. In the most diverse family of lichen‐forming fungi, Parmeliaceae, the Hypogymnioid clade, is an example of an evolutionary lineage comprised of species occurring in temperate to subpolar regions in both hemispheres. Here, we elucidate the timing of diversification events and the impact of historical events on the species distribution in this lineage.LocationWorldwide.TaxonGenera Arctoparmelia, Brodoa, Hypogymnia and Pseudevernia (Parmeliaceae).MethodsOur sampling focused on the most diverse genus of the clade, Hypogymnia, including c. 70% of the described species. We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using a multi‐locus data set, estimated divergence times, and inferred ancestral distributions.ResultsOur analyses suggest that the ancestor of the Hypogymnioid clade occurred in the Holarctic. In each of the four genera, all recovered as monophyletic here, diversification have occurred largely during the Miocene and Pliocene. A number of currently accepted species did not form monophyletic groups, especially in cases where specimens were collected from distinct geographic areas, with multiple, distinct clades corresponding to the geographic region of origin. Our results suggest that only a very few species in the Hypogymnioid clade have cosmopolitan distributions, all of which reproduces using vegetative propagules including both symbiotic partners.Main conclusionsWhile the diversification occurred predominantly in the Northern Hemisphere during the Miocene, a long‐distance dispersal event from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere, resulted in diversification of a clade of species largely restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. Similar to other groups in this diverse family, our study highlights the need for re‐evaluation of species boundaries among members of the Hypogymnioid clade.
Out of the Mediterranean? Post‐glacial colonization pathways varied among cold‐water coral species
Authors: Boavida Joana , Becheler Ronan , Choquet Marvin , Frank Norbert , Taviani Marco , Bourillet Jean‐François , Meistertzheim Anne‐Leila , Grehan Anthony , Savini Alessandra , Arnaud‐Haond Sophie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo infer cold‐water corals’ (CWC) post‐glacial phylogeography and assess the role of Mediterranean Sea glacial refugia as origins for the recolonization of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.LocationNortheastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.TaxonLophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata.MethodsWe sampled CWC using remotely operated vehicles and one sediment core for coral and sediment dating. We characterized spatial genetic patterns (microsatellites and a nuclear gene fragment) using networks, clustering and measures of genetic differentiation.ResultsInferences from microsatellite and sequence data were congruent, and showed a contrast between the two CWC species. Populations of L. pertusa present a dominant pioneer haplotype, local haplotype radiations and a majority of endemic variation in lower latitudes. Madrepora oculata populations are differentiated across the northeastern Atlantic and genetic lineages are poorly admixed even among neighbouring sites.ConclusionsOur study shows contrasting post‐glacial colonization pathways for two key habitat‐forming species in the deep sea. The CWC L. pertusa has likely undertaken a long‐range (post‐glacial) recolonization of the northeastern Atlantic directly from refugia located along southern Europe (Mediterranean Sea or Gulf of Cadiz). In contrast, the stronger genetic differentiation of M. oculata populations mirrors the effects of long‐term isolation in multiple refugia. We suggest that the distinct and genetically divergent, refugial populations initiated the post‐glacial recolonization of the northeastern Atlantic margins, leading to a secondary contact in the northern range and reaching higher latitudes much later, in the late Holocene. This study highlights the need to disentangle the influences of present‐day dispersal and evolutionary processes on the distribution of genetic polymorphisms, to unravel the influence of past and future environmental changes on the connectivity of cosmopolitan deep‐sea ecosystems associated with CWC.
PI3‐kinase/Akt pathway‐regulated membrane transportation of acid‐sensing ion channel 1a/Calcium ion influx/endoplasmic reticulum stress activation on PDGF‐induced HSC Activation
Authors: Zuo Longquan , Zhu Yueqin , Hu Lili , Liu Yanyi , Wang Yinghong , Hu Yamin , Wang Huan , Pan Xuesheng , Li Kuayue , Du Na , Huang Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAcid‐sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) allows Na+ and Ca2+ flow into cells. It is expressed during inflammation, in tumour and ischaemic tissue, in the central nervous system and non‐neuronal injury environments. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins that interferes with intracellular calcium homoeostasis. Our recent reports showed ASIC1a and ERS are involved in liver fibrosis progression, particularly in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In this study, we investigated the roles of ASIC1a and ERS in activated HSC. We found that ASIC1a and ERS‐related proteins were up‐regulated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced fibrotic mouse liver tissues, and in patient liver tissues with hepatocellular carcinoma with severe liver fibrosis. The results show silencing ASIC1a reduced the expression of ERS‐related biomarkers GRP78, Caspase12 and IREI‐XBP1. And, ERS inhibition by 4‐PBA down‐regulated the high expression of ASIC1a induced by PDGF, suggesting an interactive relationship. In PDGF‐induced HSCs, ASIC1a was activated and migrated to the cell membrane, leading to extracellular calcium influx and ERS, which was mediated by PI3K/AKT pathway. Our work shows PDGF‐activated ASIC1a via the PI3K/AKT pathway, induced ERS and promoted liver fibrosis progression.
The impact of mentor–mentee rapport on nurses’ professional turnover intention: Perspectives of social capital theory and social cognitive career theory
Authors: Pham Thi Tuan Linh , Teng Ching‐I , Friesner Daniel , Li Kai , Wu Wan‐Er , Liao Yen‐Ni , Chang Yin‐Tzu , Chu Tsung‐Lan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study examines the impacts of mentor–mentee rapport on willingness to mentor/be mentored, self‐efficacy, outcome expectations, career interest and subsequently on nurses’ professional turnover intention.BackgroundWorkplace relationships, whether positive or negative, influence nurse turnover within an organisation. Yet little is known about the effects of mentoring on nurses’ intentions to leave the nursing profession.DesignA cross‐sectional, survey‐based research design was used to collect data from a large medical centre in Northern Taiwan.MethodsStudy concepts were measured using scales from social capital theory (SCT), social cognitive career theory (SCCT) and the nursing literature. Partial least square structural equation modelling was used to test all study hypotheses. The STROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist.ResultsFor mentors, rapport was positively related to willingness to mentor, which was positively related to outcome expectations, and further, positively related to career interest and negatively related to professional turnover intention. For mentees, rapport was positively related to willingness to be mentored, which was positively related to self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and ultimately to career interest. Career interest was negatively related to professional turnover intentions.ConclusionsRapport between mentors and mentees may be an important means to retain nurses in the profession.Relevance to clinical practiceManagers should consider taking steps to enhance rapport between mentors and mentees. In doing so, managers improve nurse retention, a critical component of providing high‐quality patient care.