bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of GST polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics in Japanese children
Authors: Nishikawa Takuro , Yamaguchi Hiroki , Ikawa Kazuro , Nakayama Kazutaka , Higashi Erika , Miyahara Emiko , Abematsu Takanari , Nakagawa Shunsuke , Kodama Yuichi , Tanabe Takayuki , Shigemi Akari , Shinkoda Yuichi , Okamoto Yasuhiro , Takeda Yasuo , Kawano Yoshifumi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFatal adverse effects or relapse can occur with excessive or insufficient busulfan exposure in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Given that busulfan is mainly metabolized by glutathione S‐transferase (GST), we investigated the influence of GST polymorphisms on busulfan pharmacokinetics in Japanese pediatric patients.MethodsBlood samples were taken from patients receiving high‐dose i.v. busulfan as the first dose. Plasma busulfan concentration was measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The area under the plasma busulfan concentration–time curve (AUC) was calculated. The genotype of GSTA1 was determined on polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the presence or absence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 in the genomic DNA samples.ResultsTwenty patients were consecutively enrolled. Phenotype prediction was defined as follows: poor metabolizer (n = 4), one or more GSTA1*B haplotype or GSTM1/GSTT1 double‐null genotypes; and extensive metabolizer (n = 16), other genotypes. GSTA1, M1, and T1 independently had no significant differences in AUC0‐∞, clearance or elimination rate constant. For the infant with unexpectedly high AUC0‐∞ (2,591 μmol/L min), the GSTA1, M1, and T1 polymorphisms were wild type. On further analysis, the poor metabolizer group had lower clearance and higher AUC0‐∞, except for the aforementioned patient, compared with the extensive metabolizer group (1,531 vs 1,010 μmol/L min; P < 0.01).ConclusionsGST polymorphisms may have affected busulfan pharmacokinetics, but these effects were obscured by other factors, such as underlying disease, systemic conditions, treatment history, and race.
Are two strategies better than one? Manipulation of seed density and soil community in an experimental prairie restoration
Authors: Lubin Terra K. , Schultz Peggy , Bever James D. , Alexander Helen M. 
Published: April 2019

Restoration practitioners have a variety of practices to choose from when designing a restoration, and different strategies may address different goals. Knowledge of how to best use multiple strategies could improve restoration outcomes. Here, we examine two commonly suggested strategies in a single tallgrass prairie restoration experiment: increased forb sowing density and prairie soil inoculation. We designed a study with two different forb seeding densities. Within these densities, we transplanted seedlings into 1‐m2 plots that had been grown in either a whole prairie soil inoculum or sterilized prairie soil. After 4 years, we found positive effects of both high forb sowing density and inoculation treatments on the ratio of seeded to nonseeded plant cover in these plots, and negative effects of both treatments on nonseeded plant diversity. No effects of either treatment were seen on seeded plant diversity. Each strategy also affected the plant community in different ways: high forb sowing density increased seeded forb richness and decreased native nonseeded plant cover, while inoculation decreased non‐native cover, and tended to increase average successional stage of the community. These effects on restoration outcome were typically independent of each other, with the result that plots with both manipulations had the most positive effects on restoration outcomes. We thus advocate the combined use of these restoration strategies, and further studies which focus on both seeding and soil community manipulation in restoration.
Osteopontin lung gene expression is a marker of disease severity in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Mura Marco , Cecchini Matthew J. , Joseph Mariamma , Granton John T. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveOsteopontin (OPN) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA‐SMC). OPN is upregulated in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that the lung is a source of OPN. We hypothesized that OPN lung expression is elevated in Group I pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and is correlated to haemodynamics.MethodsMicroarray analysis (Affymetrix) was performed after RNA was extracted from explanted lungs in 15 patients with Group I PAH who underwent lung transplantation (LTx) and 11 normal controls. PA pressure levels were recorded intraoperatively, immediately before starting LTx. Serum OPN levels were measured in subjects with PAH, Group II PH and normal controls on the day of right heart catheterization.ResultsOPN was among the top five upregulated genes in PAH compared to normal controls, which was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). OPN expression was similar and equally elevated in different subtypes of PAH. A strong significant correlation was observed between mean pulmonary arterial pressure and OPN gene expression. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed the involvement of OPN in functions and networks relevant to angiogenesis, cell death and proliferation of PA‐SMC. OPN serum levels did not differ in subjects with Group I PAH and Group II PH.ConclusionIn the lungs of patients with severe PAH, OPN is highly expressed and the level of expression is significantly correlated to disease severity. OPN may play an important role in the vascular remodelling process of PAH.
Estimating the Changing Nature of Scotland's Health Inequalities by using a Multivariate Spatiotemporal Model
Authors: Jack Eilidh , Lee Duncan , Dean Nema 
Published: April 2019

SummaryHealth inequalities are the unfair and avoidable differences in people's health between different social groups. These inequalities have a huge influence on people's lives, particularly those who live at the poorer end of the socio-economic spectrum, as they result in prolonged ill health and shorter lives. Most studies estimate health inequalities for a single disease, but this will give an incomplete picture of the overall inequality in population health. Here we propose a novel multivariate spatiotemporal model for quantifying health inequalities in Scotland across multiple diseases, which will enable us to understand better how these inequalities vary across disease and have changed over time. In developing this model we are interested in estimating health inequalities between Scotland's 14 regional health boards, who are responsible for the protection and improvement of their population's health. The methodology is applied to hospital admissions data for cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease and respiratory disease, which are three of the leading causes of death, from 2003 to 2012 across Scotland.
Transport and deposition of mud in deep‐water environments: Processes and stratigraphic implications
Authors: Boulesteix Kévin , Poyatos‐Moré Miquel , Flint Stephen S. , Taylor Kevin G. , Hodgson David M. , Hasiotis Stephen T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeep‐water mudstones are often considered as background sediments, deposited by vertical suspension fallout, and the range of transport and depositional processes are poorly understood compared with their shallow‐marine counterparts. This study presents a dataset from a 538·50 m thick cored succession through the Permian muddy lower Ecca Group of the Tanqua depocentre (south‐west Karoo Basin, South Africa). This study aims to characterize the range of mudstone facies, transport and depositional processes, and stacking patterns recorded in deep‐water environments prior to deposition of the Tanqua Karoo sandy basin‐floor fans. A combination of macroscopic and microscopic description techniques and ichnological analysis has defined nine sedimentary facies that stack in a repeated pattern to produce 2 to 26 m thick depositional units. The lower part of each unit is characterized by bedded mudstone deposited by dilute, low‐density turbidity currents with evidence for hyperpycnal‐flow processes and sediment remobilization. The upper part of each unit is dominated by more organic‐rich bedded mudstone with common mudstone intraclasts, deposited by debris flows and transitional flows, with scarce indicators of suspension fallout. The intensity of bioturbation and burrow size increases upward through each depositional unit, consistent with a decrease in physicochemically stressed conditions, linked to a lower sediment accumulation rate. This vertical facies transition in the single well dataset can be interpreted to represent relative sea‐level variations; the hyperpycnal stressed conditions in the lower part of the units were driven by relative sea‐level fall, and the more bioturbated upper part of the units represent backstepping, related to relative sea‐level rise. Alternatively, this facies transition may represent autogenic compensational stacking. The prevalence of sediment density flow deposits, even in positions distal or lateral to the sediment entry point, challenges the idea that deep‐water mudstones are primarily the deposits of passive rainout along continental margins.
Labor Unions and Support for Redistribution in an Era of Inequality*
Authors: Macdonald David 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe United States has become increasingly unequal over the past several decades. Despite this, public opinion toward redistribution has remained largely unchanged. This is puzzling, given Americans' professed concern regarding, and knowledge of, rising inequality. I argue that the decline of labor unions, an organization that promotes anti‐inequality attitudes among its members, can help us to understand this.MethodI use panel data from the 50 U.S. states from 1978 to 2012 and ordinary least squares regression to examine how state‐level unionization levels condition the relationship between income inequality and support for redistributive spending.ResultsI find that in contexts where labor unions are stronger, higher levels of income inequality prompt greater support for welfare spending.ConclusionThese findings illustrate an additional mechanism through which labor unions can check income inequality and help us to understand why the American public has not turned in favor of redistribution during an era of rising economic inequality.
Laying the Foundation for a Successful Presidential Campaign: Public Attention and Fundraising in the Preprimary Period*
Authors: Swearingen C. Douglas 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study advances the presidential primary fundraising literature in two ways. First, we explore candidate fundraising during the preprimary period through the lens of public attention, arguing that candidates must find ways to activate interest in their campaigns in order to raise money. Second, we use Google Trends data to measure how much the public is paying attention to each presidential primary candidate and how this concept affects fundraising.MethodsWe use pooled cross‐sectional time‐series models to determine the impact of public attention on a candidate's weekly fundraising totals.ResultsWe find that a candidate's share of public attention is one of the main drivers of preprimary period fundraising, even for non‐front‐running candidates.ConclusionThis finding illustrates the role the public plays in shaping the preprimary period and identifies a determinant of fundraising that is readily available and frequently updated, allowing both scholars and campaigns to better monitor the preprimary phase of the presidential nomination process.
Machine learning innovations in address matching: A practical comparison of word2vec and CRFs
Authors: Comber Sam , Arribas‐Bel Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecord linkage is a frequent obstacle to unlocking the benefits of integrated (spatial) data sources. In the absence of unique identifiers to directly join records, practitioners often rely on text‐based approaches for resolving candidate pairs of records to a match. In geographic information science, spatial record linkage is a form of geocoding that pertains to the resolution of text‐based linkage between pairs of addresses into matches and non‐matches. These approaches link text‐based address sequences, integrating sources of data that would otherwise remain in isolation. While recent innovations in machine learning have been introduced in the wider record linkage literature, there is significant potential to apply machine learning to the address matching sub‐field of geographic information science. As a response, this paper introduces two recent developments in text‐based machine learning—conditional random fields and word2vec—that have not been applied to address matching, evaluating their comparative strengths and drawbacks.
Accuracy of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression: individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Levis Brooke , Benedetti Andrea , Thombs Brett D 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine the accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening to detect major depression.

Design
Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Data sources
Medline, Medline In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (January 2000-February 2015).

Inclusion criteria
Eligible studies compared PHQ-9 scores with major depression diagnoses from validated diagnostic interviews. Primary study data and study level data extracted from primary reports were synthesized. For PHQ-9 cut-off scores 5-15, bivariate random effects meta-analysis was used to estimate pooled sensitivity and specificity, separately, among studies that used semistructured diagnostic interviews, which are designed for administration by clinicians; fully structured interviews, which are designed for lay administration; and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric (MINI) diagnostic interviews, a brief fully structured interview. Sensitivity and specificity were examined among participant subgroups and, separately, using meta-regression, considering all subgroup variables in a single model.

Results
Data were obtained for 58 of 72 eligible studies (total n=17 357; major depression cases n=2312). Combined sensitivity and specificity was maximized at a cut-off score of 10 or above among studies using a semistructured interview (29 studies, 6725 participants; sensitivity 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.92; specificity 0.85, 0.82 to 0.88). Across cut-off scores 5-15, sensitivity with semistructured interviews was 5-22% higher than for fully structured interviews (MINI excluded; 14 studies, 7680 participants) and 2-15% higher than for the MINI (15 studies, 2952 participants). Specificity was similar across diagnostic interviews. The PHQ-9 seems to be similarly sensitive but may be less specific for younger patients than for older patients; a cut-off score of 10 or above can be used regardless of age..

Conclusions
PHQ-9 sensitivity compared with semistructured diagnostic interviews was greater than in previous conventional meta-analyses that combined reference standards. A cut-off score of 10 or above maximized combined sensitivity and specificity overall and for subgroups.

Registration
PROSPERO CRD42014010673.
New constructions of entanglement-assisted quantum MDS codes from negacyclic codes
Authors: Li Ruihu , Guo Guanmin , Song Hao , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2019

When constructing quantum codes under the entanglement-assisted (EA) stabilizer formalism, one can ignore the limitation of dual-containing condition. This allows us to construct EA quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) from any classical linear codes. The main contribution of this manuscript is to make a general statement for determining the optimal number of pre-shared qubits instead of presenting only specific cases. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is an odd prime power, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. By deeply investigating the decomposition of the defining set of negacyclic codes, we generalize the number of pre-shared entanglement pairs of Construction (1) in Lu et al. [Quantom Inf. Process. 17 (2018) 69] from [Formula: see text] to arbitrary even numbers less than or equal to [Formula: see text]. Consequently, a series of EA quantum maximum distance separable (EAQMDS) codes can be produced. The absolute majority of them are new and the minimum distance can be up to [Formula: see text]. Moreover, this method can be applied to construct many other families of EAQECCs with good parameters, especially large minimum distance.
Association of Systemic Inflammation Index and Body Mass Index with Survival in Patients with Renal Cell Cancer Treated with Nivolumab
Authors: De Giorgi Ugo , Procopio Giuseppe , Giannarelli Diana , Sabbatini Roberto , Bearz Alessandra , Buti Sebastiano , Basso Umberto , Mitterer Manfred , Ortega Cinzia , Bidoli Paolo , Ferraù Francesco , Crinò Lucio , Frassoldati Antonio , Marchetti Paolo , Mini Enrico , Scoppola Alessandro , Verusio Claudio , Fornarini Giuseppe , Cartenì Giacomo , Caserta Claudia , Sternberg Cora N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Inflammation indexes and body mass index (BMI) are easily evaluated, predict survival, and are potentially modifiable. We evaluated the potential association of inflammatory indexes and BMI with the clinical outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Experimental Design:
A prospective cohort of patients with metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab enrolled in the Italian Expanded Access Program from July 2015 through April 2016 was examined. Reference measures of inflammation were identified for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) &lt;/≥ 3, systemic immune inflammation index (SII) &lt;/≥ 1,375, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) &lt;/≥ 232. Patients were classified as high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) versus normal BMI (&lt;25 kg/m2).

Results:
Among 313 evaluable patients, 235 (75.1%) were male, and median age was 65 years (range, 40–84 years), with 105 (33.69%) ≥70 years. In univariate analysis, age, performance status, BMI, SII, NLR, and PLR were able to predict outcome. In multivariate analyses, SII ≥1,375, BMI &lt;25 kg/m2, and age ≥70 years independently predicted overall survival [OS; HR = 2.96, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.05–4.27; HR = 1.59, 95% CI, 1.10–2.30; and HR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.07–2.55, respectively). A patient with both SII ≥1,375 and BMI &lt;25 kg/m2 was estimated to have much worse OS (HR, 3.37; 95% CI, 2.29–4.95; P &lt;0.0001) than a patient with neither or only one risk factor. SII changes at 3 months predicted OS (P &lt;0.0001).

Conclusions:
Normal BMI combined with inflammation tripled the risk of death, suggesting that these biomarkers are critical prognostic factors for OS in patients with RCC treated with nivolumab.
Relative growth and population dynamics of Macrobrachium iheringi (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Nogueira Caio Dos Santos , Perroca Júlia Fernandes , Piantkoski Emerson Luiz , Costa Rogerio Caetano da , Taddei Fabiano Gazzi , Fransozo Adilson 
Published: April 2019

During the ontogenetic development of crustaceans, the relative growth of some structures may change, especially during the transition from juvenile to adult. This study describes the relative growth of body structures of Macrobrachium iheringi, and provides information on its population dynamics, such as structure, fecundity, and morphological sexual maturity. The sampling of M. iheringi was carried out in “Ribeirão da Hortelã”, in Botucatu (SP, Brazil). The length of the carapace (CL), abdomen (AL), and ischium (IL), merus (ML), carpus (CrL), propodus (PpL), and dactyl (DcL) of the second right pereopod were measured. In addition, the width of the second abdominal pleura (PW) and propodus height (PpH) were included in analyses. The relationships that best demonstrated the changes in the allometric coefficient were CL vs PpL in males and females. The CL, in which males and females reach morphological sexual maturity, was estimated as 13.3 mm and 11.1 mm, respectively. The sex-ratio differed from the expected 1:1 and was skewed towards females. Precipitation and temperature influenced the abundance of different demographic classes. Macrobrachium iheringi has few but large eggs, which is expected since this species has an abbreviated larval development. Based on these results, we conclude that the propodus are good indicators of the size at onset of morphological sexual maturity. In addition, important information was obtained on the biology of M. iheringi, including its life cycle pattern, reproduction and influence of abiotic factors.
New species and first record of Coeliaria Mulsant, 1850 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from French Guiana
Authors: Salcedo Julissa Churata , Almeida Lúcia Massutti de 
Published: April 2019

The genus Coeliaria Mulsant, 1850 of the tribe Chnoodini Mulsant, 1850 is recorded for French Guiana for the first time. One new species, Coeliaria monnei Churata & Almeida sp. nov. (holotype male deposited in MNHN: Montagne des Chevaux 04°44’56”N, 52°26’28”W, 75 m, 26.IX.2015, SEAG col.) is described and illustrated. The key published anteriorly is modified to include this new species. Currently, the genus is recorded for Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and French Guiana.
A new genus, a new species and taxonomic notes in Oxycoleini Martins & Galileo, 2003 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae)
Authors: Nascimento Francisco Eriberto De Lima , Botero Juan Pablo , Lezama Humberto 
Published: April 2019

Oxylopsebus Clarke, 2008 is considered as a junior synonym of Oxycoleus Lacordaire, 1868. Equescollum is proposed as a new genus for E. birai sp. nov. from Costa Rica, which is described and illustrated.
Descriptions, notes and new records in south american Cerambycidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Santos-Silva Antonio , Nascimento Francisco Eriberto De Lima , Drumont Alain , Kozlov Anton Olegovich 
Published: April 2019

Three new species and one new genus are described: Psyrassa lisitskyi sp. nov., from Peru (Elaphidiini); Ophtalmibidion antonkozlovi sp. nov., from Colombia (Neoibidionini); and Nappella gen. nov., is proposed to N. antonkozlovi sp. nov., from Peru (Calliini). Epectasis mexicana Breuning, 1954 is redescribed, and figured for the first time, and recorded for Colombia. Psyrassa lisitskyi is included in a modified couplet from a previous key. A key to species of Ophtalmibidion and genera of Calliini are provided. Chorenta biramiguelus is recorded for Peru.
Cercopoidea types (Hemiptera-Cicadomorpha) housed at the Museo de la Plata entomological collection (Argentina)
Authors: Foieri Alvaro , Lenicov Ana Maria Marino de Remes 
Published: April 2019

Type material of 11 species from seven genera of Cercopoidea is housed at the Entomology Division of the Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. The types listed herein correspond to species described by C. Berg (10 spp.) and Lallemand (1 sp.). The collection contains 24 type specimens. Lectotype and paralectotypes of Deois (Deois) knoblauchii (Berg), Kanaima katzensteinii (Berg), Mahanarva (Ipiranga) aguirrei (Berg), Tomaspis argentina Berg [= Deois terrea (Germar)], T. perezii Berg [= Deois terrea (Germar)] and T. platensis Berg are designated. Comparison of their original descriptions with the label information supports the existence of 2 holotypes, 6 lectotypes, 10 paralectotypes and 6 syntypes. The following information is given for each species: original species names, taxonomic catalogue, bibliographic references, type category, number of specimens, gender, Museo de La Plata code numbers, and transcription of data from labels (country, province, locality, date of collection, collector’s name, and hosts). Information about subsequent nomenclatural changes with corresponding references, the state of preservation of the specimens in each series and pictures of each species are also provided.