bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory observations of frequency-dependent ultrasonic P-wave velocity and attenuation during methane hydrate formation in Berea sandstone
Authors: Sahoo Sourav K , North Laurence J , Marín-Moreno Hector , Minshull Tim A , Best Angus I 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYKnowledge of the effect of methane hydrate saturation and morphology on elastic wave attenuation could help reduce ambiguity in seafloor hydrate content estimates. These are needed for seafloor resource and geohazard assessment, as well as to improve predictions of greenhouse gas fluxes into the water column. At low hydrate saturations, measuring attenuation can be particularly useful as the seismic velocity of hydrate-bearing sediments is relatively insensitive to hydrate content. Here, we present laboratory ultrasonic (448–782 kHz) measurements of P-wave velocity and attenuation for successive cycles of methane hydrate formation (maximum hydrate saturation of 26 per cent) in Berea sandstone. We observed systematic and repeatable changes in the velocity and attenuation frequency spectra with hydrate saturation. Attenuation generally increases with hydrate saturation, and with measurement frequency at hydrate saturations below 6 per cent. For hydrate saturations greater than 6 per cent, attenuation decreases with frequency. The results support earlier experimental observations of frequency-dependent attenuation peaks at specific hydrate saturations. We used an effective medium rock-physics model which considers attenuation from gas bubble resonance, inertial fluid flow and squirt flow from both fluid inclusions in hydrate and different aspect ratio pores created during hydrate formation. Using this model, we linked the measured attenuation spectral changes to a decrease in coexisting methane gas bubble radius, and creation of different aspect ratio pores during hydrate formation.
Disease modeling of core pre-mRNA splicing factor haploinsufficiency
Authors: Wood Katherine A , Rowlands Charlie F , Qureshi Wasay Mohiuddin Shaikh , Thomas Huw B , Buczek Weronika A , Briggs Tracy A , Hubbard Simon J , Hentges Kathryn E , Newman William G , O’Keefe Raymond T 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe craniofacial disorder mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type is caused by haploinsufficiency of the U5 snRNP gene EFTUD2/SNU114. However, it is unclear how reduced expression of this core pre-mRNA splicing factor leads to craniofacial defects. Here we use a CRISPR-Cas9 nickase strategy to generate a human EFTUD2-knockdown cell line and show that reduced expression of EFTUD2 leads to diminished proliferative ability of these cells, increased sensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mis-expression of several genes involved in the ER stress response. RNA-Seq analysis of the EFTUD2-knockdown cell line revealed transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression, with an enrichment for genes associated with processes involved in craniofacial development. Additionally, our RNA-Seq data identified widespread mis-splicing in EFTUD2-knockdown cells. Analysis of the functional and physical characteristics of mis-spliced pre-mRNAs highlighted conserved properties, including length and splice site strengths, of retained introns and skipped exons in our disease model. We also identified enriched processes associated with the affected genes, including cell death, cell and organ morphology and embryonic development. Together, these data support a model in which EFTUD2 haploinsufficiency leads to the mis-splicing of a distinct subset of pre-mRNAs with a widespread effect on gene expression, including altering the expression of ER stress response genes and genes involved in the development of the craniofacial region. The increased burden of unfolded proteins in the ER resulting from mis-splicing would exceed the capacity of the defective ER stress response, inducing apoptosis in cranial neural crest cells that would result in craniofacial abnormalities during development.
Oestrogen dose tapering during luteal phase does not affect clinical outcomes after hormone replacement treatment–frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Jing Zhao , Xi Huang , Qianling Zeng , Lunquan Sun , Nenghui Liu , Yanping Li 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does oestrogen dose tapering during the luteal phase affect the clinical outcome after hormone replacement treatment–frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-FET) cycles?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Our results suggest that tapering oestrogen doses during the luteal phase results in similar clinical outcomes to those obtained with the traditional luteal phase support (LPS).

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Traditional LPS with oestrogen and progesterone is considered necessary in HRT-FET cycles. However, case reports have shown successful clinical pregnancies and live births in the absence of oestrogen administration after embryo transfers.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This was a retrospective study on 6035 HRT-FET cycles extending over 7 years from January 2011 to June 2018 at the reproductive medicine centre of Xiangya Hospital.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
We compared the clinical outcomes of 1632 HRT-FET cycles with tapered oestrogen doses from 12 days after embryo transfer (study group) to those of 4403 HRT-FET cycles maintained on constant oestrogen doses during the luteal phase (control group) in the case of positive serum HCG test.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
We found similar biochemical pregnancy rates (52.1% vs. 51.9, P = 0.864), clinical pregnancy rates (44.9% vs. 43.2%, P = 0.249), implantation rates (29.8% vs. 29.3%, P = 0.591) and miscarriage rates (16.0% vs. 14.6%, P = 0.379) between the studied groups.

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
Retrospective, design-associated biases are possible. In addition, some baseline characteristics differed between groups. Finally, we did not compare live birth rates between groups.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
Our study showing similar outcomes between traditional LPS and oestrogen tapering during the luteal phase indicates that oestrogen may be cautiously tapered during the luteal phase after HRT-FET cycles.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 81401269) and the class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (grant no. 2017M620360). The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A
Laboratory Safety, Biosecurity, and Responsible Animal Use
Authors: McCormick-Ell Jessica , Connell Nancy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research with animals presents a wide array of hazards, some of which overlap those in the in vitro research laboratory. The challenge for environmental health and safety professionals when making their recommendations and performing the risk assessment is to balance worker safety with animal safety/welfare. The care and husbandry of animals require procedures and tasks that create aerosols and involve metabolized chemicals and a variety of physical hazards that must be assessed in addition to the research related risks, all while balancing the biosecurity of the facility and NIH animal care requirements. Detailed communication between health and safety, research, and animal care teams is essential to understand how to mitigate the risks that are present and if modifications need to be made as the experiments and processes progress and change over time. Additionally, the backgrounds and education levels of the persons involved in animal research and husbandry can be quite broad; the training programs created need to reflect this. Active learning and hands-on training are extremely beneficial for all staff involved in this field. Certain areas of research, such as infectious disease research in high- and maximum-containment (biosafety level 3 and 4) facilities, present challenges that are not seen in lower containment or chemical exposure experiments. This paper reviews potential hazards and mitigation strategies and discusses unique challenges for safety at all biosafety levels.
Vaginal Epithelial Cells Discriminate Between Yeast and Hyphae of Candida albicans in Women Who Are Colonized or Have Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Roselletti Elena , Perito Stefano , Sabbatini Samuele , Monari Claudia , Vecchiarelli Anna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundVaginal candidiasis is common disease affecting women; however, how Candida albicans shift from commensalism towards a pathogenic status remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the vaginal epithelial cell (EC) response dynamics under various conditions.MethodsHealthy women, asymptomatic C. albicans carriers, and symptomatic patients with vaginal candidiasis were enrolled in this study. ECs in vaginal swabs were analyzed with cytofluorimetric analysis for pattern recognition receptors and intracellular signals, with lactate dehydrogenase assay performed for cell damage, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cytokine expression.ResultsThe level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, and erythropoietin-producing hepatoma A2 (EphA2) expression was significantly higher in ECs from asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects compared to healthy subjects. Activation of transcription factors, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and c-Fos–p-38, was observed in ECs from symptomatic and asymptomatic pseudohyphae/hyphae carriers but not from the asymptomatic yeast carriers. EC damage was only observed in symptomatic patients.ConclusionsThe presence of pseudohyphae/hyphae is required to determine vaginal candidiasis; however, it may be not sufficient to induce the pathologic process associated with neutrophil recruitment and EC damage. This study sheds light on the ambiguous role of the hyphal form during vaginal human commensalism.
Reducing drug prescription errors and adverse drug events by application of a probabilistic, machine-learning based clinical decision support system in an inpatient setting
Authors: Segal G , Segev A , Brom A , Lifshitz Y , Wasserstrum Y , Zimlichman E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Drug prescription errors are made, worldwide, on a daily basis, resulting in a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Existing rule-based systems for prevention of such errors are unsuccessful and associated with substantial burden of false alerts.

Objective
In this prospective study, we evaluated the accuracy, validity, and clinical usefulness of medication error alerts generated by a novel system using outlier detection screening algorithms, used on top of a legacy standard system, in a real-life inpatient setting.

Materials and Methods
We integrated a novel outlier system into an existing electronic medical record system, in a single medical ward in a tertiary medical center. The system monitored all drug prescriptions written during 16 months. The department’s staff assessed all alerts for accuracy, clinical validity, and usefulness. We recorded all physician’s real-time responses to alerts generated.

Results
The alert burden generated by the system was low, with alerts generated for 0.4% of all medication orders. Sixty percent of the alerts were flagged after the medication was already dispensed following changes in patients’ status which necessitated medication changes (eg, changes in vital signs). Eighty-five percent of the alerts were confirmed clinically valid, and 80% were considered clinically useful. Forty-three percent of the alerts caused changes in subsequent medical orders.

Conclusion
A clinical decision support system that used a probabilistic, machine-learning approach based on statistically derived outliers to detect medication errors generated clinically useful alerts. The system had high accuracy, low alert burden and low false-positive rate, and led to changes in subsequent orders.
Complete Post-mortem Investigations in a Death Involving Clenbuterol After Long-term Abuse
Authors: Kintz Pascal , Gheddar Laurie , Ameline Alice , Dumestre-Toulet Véronique , Verschoore Marion , Comte Julien , Raul Jean-Sébastien 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The body of a 61-year-old man was found at his home by his wife, lying on the floor, near the bathroom, around midnight. He was known to be training for bodybuilding, using anabolic steroids. Police investigations revealed the presence of two types of tablets at home, one supposed to contain clenbuterol (0.040 mg) and the other stanozolol (10 mg). Testing the tablets revealed different dosages from what was expected, i.e., 0.073 and 11.5 mg/tablet, for clenbuterol and stanozolol, respectively. External body examination and autopsy, which was performed the next day, revealed generalized organ congestion and lack of any traumatic injury (confirmed by radiology). Cardiomegaly, with a heart weighing 692 g, was obvious. Anatomic pathology tests did not reveal evidence of malformations, but atheromatous plaque was identified in the coronaries during complete histology investigations. Femoral blood, urine, bile, gastric contents and two strands of hair (6 cm) were collected for toxicology. These specimens were submitted to standard analyses, but also to a specific LC–MS-MS method for clenbuterol and stanozolol testing. Clenbuterol was identified in all the tissues, including femoral blood (1.1 ng/mL), urine (7.2 ng/mL), bile (2.4 ng/mL), gastric content (3.2 ng/mL) and hair (23 pg/mg). Stanozolol only tested positive in hair (11 pg/mg). All other analyses were negative, including blood alcohol and drugs of abuse. The pathologists concluded to cardiac insufficiency with support of cardiomegaly, in a context involving repetitive abuse of anabolic drugs. This case indicates that more attention should be paid to clenbuterol, a drug widely used as a stimulant by people who want to lose weight, athletes and bodybuilding practitioners.
Propofol alleviates oxidative stress via upregulating lncRNA-TUG1/Brg1 pathway in hypoxia/reoxygenation hepatic cells
Authors: Ming Nuo , Na Ha Sen Ta , He Jin-Ling , Meng Qing-Tao , Xia Zhong-Yuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Reducing oxidative stress is an effective method to prevent hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI). This study focuses on the role of propofol on the oxidative stress of hepatic cells and the involved lncRNA-TUG1/Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) pathway in HIRI mice. The mouse HIRI model was established and was intraperitoneally injected with propofol postconditioning. Hepatic injury indexes were used to evaluate HIRI. The oxidative stress was indicated by increasing 8-isoprostane concentration. Mouse hepatic cell line AML12 was treated with hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation (H/R). The targeted regulation of lncRNA-TUG1 on Brg1 was proved by RNA pull-down, RIP (RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation) and the expression level of Brg1 responds to silencing or overexpression of lncRNA-TUG1. Propofol alleviates HIRI and induces the upregulation of lncRNA-TUG1 in the mouse HIRI model. Propofol increases cell viability and lncRNA-TUG1 expression level in H/R-treated hepatic cells. In H/R plus propofol-treated hepatic cells, lncRNA-TUG1 silencing reduces cell viability and increased oxidative stress. LncRNA-TUG1 interacts with Brg1 protein and keeps its level via inhibiting its degradation. Brg1 overexpression reverses lncRNA-TUG1 induced the reduction of cell viability and the increase in oxidative stress. LncRNA-TUG1 silencing abrogates the protective role of propofol against HIRI in the mouse HIRI model. LncRNA-TUG1 has a targeted regulation of Brg1, and thereby affects the oxidative stress induced by HIRI. This pathway mediates the protective effect of propofol against HIRI of hepatic cell.
Deciphering the mechanism for induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and its role in ageing and cancer development
Authors: Ohtani Naoko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible form of cell cycle arrest that can be induced by persistent DNA damage, and is well known to function as an important tumour suppression mechanism. Cellular senescence is detected in aged organisms; thus, it is also recognized as a hallmark of organismal ageing. Unlike apoptotic cells, senescent cells can survive for long periods of time. Recently, it has been shown that the late stage of senescent cells are capable of expressing a variety of secreted proteins such as cytokines, chemokines and proteases, and this condition is now known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These secreted factors are involved in myriad of physiological functions including tissue repair and clearance of damaged cells. Alternatively, these factors may promote detrimental effects, such as chronic inflammation or cancer progression, should the SASP persist. Recent scientific advances have indicated that innate immune responses, particularly involving the cGAS–STING pathway, trigger SASP induction. Therefore, developing a strategy to regulate SASP may provide scientific insights for the management of age-associated diseases and the implementation of healthy ageing in the future.
Fire Pit-Related Burn Injuries in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Flaherty Michael R , Sheridan Robert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Thermal burns are a leading cause of preventable injury in children and adolescents. Fire pits have become increasingly popular outdoor fixtures in U.S. homes. We aimed to identify trends in pediatric burn injuries related to fire pits that presented to a representative sample of United States Emergency Departments (EDs). A retrospective analysis of annual ED visits from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2017 using product codes specific to fire pits. U.S. Census population estimates were used to compute rates per 100,000 population. SAS and Joinpoint weighted regression analyses were used to analyze annual estimates and rate trends across the study period. There were 10,951 (95% CI = 8535–13,367) ED visits for burn injuries secondary to outdoor fire pits in patients 19 years of age and younger across the study period. The majority of injuries occurred in children under the age of 5, and were related to falls into or on a hot fire pit. The annual modeled rate change showed an overall significant increase in burn injuries of 7.16 per 100,000 annually from 2006 to 2017 (P = .02). Outdoor fire pits represent an increasing hazard to young children who are particularly susceptible to burn injuries from falls in or around lit recreational fires. Product modifications and public awareness campaigns are necessary to prevent future life-altering injuries in pediatric patients.
Non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN regulates NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Mengmeng , Song Kun , Hao Wenzhuo , Wang Lingyan , Patil Girish , Li Qingmei , Xu Lingling , Hua Fang , Fu Bishi , Schwamborn Jens C , Dorf Martin E , Li Shitao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNF-κB signaling regulates diverse processes such as cell death, inflammation, immunity, and cancer. The activity of NF-κB is controlled by methionine 1-linked linear polyubiquitin, which is assembled by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3. Recent studies found that the deubiquitinase OTULIN breaks the linear ubiquitin chain, thus inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Despite the essential role of OTULIN in NF-κB signaling has been established, the regulatory mechanism for OTULIN is not well elucidated. To discover the potential regulators of OTULIN, we analyzed the OTULIN protein complex by proteomics and revealed several OTULIN-binding proteins, including LUBAC and tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32). TRIM32 is known to activate NF-κB signaling, but the mechanism is not clear. Genetic complement experiments found that TRIM32 is upstream of OTULIN and TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation is dependent on OTULIN. Mutagenesis of the E3 ligase domain showed that the E3 ligase activity is essential for TRIM32-mediated NF-κB activation. Further experiments found that TRIM32 conjugates polyubiquitin onto OTULIN and the polyubiquitin blocks the interaction between HOIP and OTULIN, thereby activating NF-κB signaling. Taken together, we report a novel regulatory mechanism by which TRIM32-mediated non-proteolytic ubiquitination of OTULIN impedes the access of OTULIN to the LUBAC and promotes NF-κB activation.
Adulticide Resistance Status of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Sabah, Malaysia: A Statewide Assessment
Authors: Elia-Amira N M R , Chen C D , Low V L , Lau K W , Haziqah-Rashid A , Amelia-Yap Z H , Lee H L , Sofian-Azirun M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResistance status of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) collected from Sabah, East Malaysia, was evaluated against four major classes of adulticides, namely pyrethroid, carbamate, organochlorine, and organophosphate. Adult bioassays conforming to WHO standard protocols were conducted to assess knockdown and mortality rates of Ae. albopictus. Among tested pyrethroid adulticides, only cyfluthrin, lambda-cyaholthrin, and deltamethrin were able to inflict total knockdown. The other adulticide classes mostly failed to cause any knockdown; the highest knockdown rate was only 18.33% for propoxur. With regards to mortality rate, Ae. albopictus was unanimously susceptible toward all pyrethroids, dieldrin, and malathion, but exhibited resistance toward bendiocarb, propoxur, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and fenitrothion. Additionally, correlation analysis demonstrated cross-resistance between bendiocarb and propoxur, and malathion and propoxur. In conclusion, this study has disclosed that pyrethroids are still generally effective for Aedes control in Sabah, Malaysia. The susceptibility status of Ae. albopictus against pyrethroids in descending order was cyfluthrin > lambda-cyhalothrin > deltamethrin > etofenprox > permethrin.
Supergranular turbulence in the quiet Sun: Lagrangian coherent structures
Authors: Chian Abraham C-L , Silva Suzana S A , Rempel Erico L , Gošić Milan , Bellot Rubio Luis R , Kusano Kanya , Miranda Rodrigo A , Requerey Iker S 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The quiet Sun exhibits a wealth of magnetic activities that are fundamental for our understanding of solar magnetism. The magnetic fields in the quiet Sun are observed to evolve coherently, interacting with each other to form prominent structures as they are advected by photospheric flows. The aim of this paper is to study supergranular turbulence by detecting Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) based on the horizontal velocity fields derived from Hinode intensity images at disc centre of the quiet Sun on 2010 November 2. LCS act as transport barriers and are responsible for attracting/repelling the fluid elements and swirling motions in a finite time. Repelling/attracting LCS are found by computing the forward/backward finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE), and vortices are found by the Lagrangian-averaged vorticity deviation method. We show that the Lagrangian centres and boundaries of supergranular cells are given by the local maximum of the forward and backward FTLE, respectively. The attracting LCS expose the location of the sinks of photospheric flows at supergranular junctions, whereas the repelling LCS interconnect the Lagrangian centres of neighbouring supergranular cells. Lagrangian transport barriers are found within a supergranular cell and from one cell to other cells, which play a key role in the dynamics of internetwork and network magnetic elements. Such barriers favour the formation of vortices in supergranular junctions. In particular, we show that the magnetic field distribution in the quiet Sun is determined by the combined action of attracting/repelling LCS and vortices.