bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A tRNA-derived RNA Fragment Plays an Important Role in the Mechanism of Arsenite -induced Cellular Responses
Authors: Liu Shengxuan , Chen Yu , Ren Yuping , Zhou Jiehua , Ren Junping , Lee Inhan , Bao Xiaoyong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChronic exposure to environmental heavy metals is a worldwide health concern. It is acknowledged to be an important cause of lower respiratory tract damage in children. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the heavy metal-induced cellular stress/toxicity are not completely understood. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and more recently identified tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are critical to the posttranscriptional control of genes. We used deep sequencing to investigate whether cellular sncRNA profiles are changed by environmental heavy metals. We found that the treatment of arsenite, an important groundwater heavy metal, leads to abundant production of tRFs, that are ~30 nucleotides (nts) long and most of which correspond to the 5′-end of mature tRNAs. It is unlikely for these tRFs to be random degradation by-products, as the type of induced tRFs is heavy metal-dependent. Three most inducible tRFs and their roles in arsenite-induced cellular responses were then investigated. We identified that p65, an important transcription factor belonging to NF-κB family and also a key factor controlling inflammatory gene expression, is a regulated target of a tRF derived from 5′-end of mature tRNA encoding AlaCGC (tRF5-AlaCGC). tRF5-AlaCGC activates p65, subsequently leading to enhanced secretion of IL-8 in arsenite response. In this study, we also identified that endonuclease Dicer and angiogenin temporally control the induction of tRF5-AlaCGC, providing an insight into the control of tRF biogenesis and subsequently the prevention of cellular damage.
Incorporating terminal velocities into Lagrangian stochastic models of particle dispersal in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Reynolds Andy M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLagrangian stochastic models for simulation of tracer-particle trajectories in turbulent flows can be adapted for simulation of particle trajectories. This is conventionally done by replacing the zero-mean fall speed of a tracer-particle with the terminal speed of the particle. Such models have been used widely to predict spore and pollen dispersal. Here I show that this modification predicts that particles become uniformly distributed throughout the air column, which is at variance with the seminal experimental studies of Hirst et al. (1967) that demonstrated spore concentrations (and pollen concentrations) declined exponentially with height in unstable air. This discrepancy arises because the terminal speed, which is a Lagrangian property of a particle, has always been treated as if it were an Eulerian property of an ensemble of particles. In this study models are formulated correctly. I show that the mean acceleration of a tracer-particle should be replaced by the mean acceleration of a particle. Model predictions for aerial density profiles then agreed with the observations of Hirst et al. (1967) and with observations of ground-level concentrations but differed significantly from predictions obtained using conventional models. In accordance with the results of numerical simulations, the models also predict that particles are moving downwind marginally more slowly than the wind itself. Finally, the new modelling approach can be extended to predict the dispersal of small insects with active flight behaviours.
High fish density delays wound healing in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Sveen Lene Rydal , Timmerhaus Gerrit , Krasnov Aleksei , Takle Harald , Stefansson Sigurd Olav , Handeland Sigurd Olav , Ytteborg Elisabeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, we look closer at how high fish densities influence wound repair mechanisms in post-smolt Atlantic salmon. The fish were wounded with a 5 mm skin punch biopsy needle and stocked at two different densities, a high fish density (100 kg/m3) treatment and a low fish density treatment (20 kg/m3) serving as the control. The healing wounds were followed for 57 days with samples taken 1, 3, 7, 14, 36, 43 and 57 days post wounding. The transcriptomic analysis suggests that high fish density enhance inflammation and represses cell proliferation, tissue secretion and collagen synthesis in the healing wounds. The histological analysis further showed delayed epidermal and dermal repair in the high fish density treatment compared to control. The overall wound contraction was also altered by the treatment. In conclusion, high fish density enhances immune responses and delay tissue repair, which ultimately results in delayed wound healing.
Hybrid in vitro diffusion cell for simultaneous evaluation of hair and skin decontamination: temporal distribution of chemical contaminants
Authors: Matar Hazem , Amer Nevine , Kansagra Sneha , Pinhal Andreia , Thomas Elliot , Townend Scott , Larner Joanne , Chilcott Robert P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost casualty or personnel decontamination studies have focused on removing contaminants from the skin. However, scalp hair and underlying skin are the most likely areas of contamination following airborne exposure to chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions of contaminants with scalp hair and underlying skin using a hybrid in vitro diffusion cell model. The in vitro hybrid test system comprised “curtains” of human hair mounted onto sections of excised porcine skin within a modified diffusion cell. The results demonstrated that hair substantially reduced underlying scalp skin contamination and that hair may provide a limited decontamination effect by removing contaminants from the skin surface. This hybrid test system may have application in the development of improved chemical incident response processes through the evaluation of various hair and skin decontamination strategies.
Active Confirmation Bias in the Evaluative Processing of Food Images
Authors: Ounjai Kajornvut , Kobayashi Shunsuke , Takahashi Muneyoshi , Matsuda Tetsuya , Lauwereyns Johan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPredictive processing is fundamental to many aspects of the human mind, including perception and decision-making. It remains to be elucidated, however, in which way predictive information impacts on evaluative processing, particularly in tasks that employ bivalent stimulus sets. Various accounts, including framing, proactive interference, and cognitive control, appear to imply contradictory proposals on the relation between prediction and preference formation. To disambiguate whether predictive cues produce congruent biases versus opponent mechanisms in evaluative processing, we conducted two experiments in which participants were asked to rate individual food images. The image database included appetitive and aversive items. In each trial, a cue predicted, with varying degrees of reliability, the valence of the impending food image. In both experiments, we found that the ratings exhibited congruent biases as a function of the reliability of the predictive cue, with the highest evaluations following the most reliable positive-valence predictions. Eye prepositioning further showed a selective spatial bias suggestive of response preparation in line with the predictions. The response times also exhibited a pattern of results consistent with selective preparation, producing slow responses following invalid predictions. The data suggested an active form of evaluative processing, implementing a confirmation bias that aims to accommodate the prediction.
A proxy-year analysis shows reduced soil temperatures with climate warming in boreal forest
Authors: Halim Md Abdul , Thomas Sean C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScientists unequivocally agree that winter air temperature (TA) in northern high latitudes will increase sharply with anthropogenic climate change, and that such increases are already pervasive. However, contrasting hypotheses and results exist regarding the magnitude and even direction of changes in winter soil temperature (TS). Here we use field and satellite data to examine the ‘cold soil in a warm world’ hypothesis for the first time in the boreal forest using a proxy year approach. In a proxy warm year with a mean annual temperature similar to that predicted for ~2080, average winter TS was reduced relative to the baseline year by 0.43 to 1.22 °C in open to forested sites. Similarly, average minimum and maximum winter TS declined, and the number of freeze-thaw events increased in the proxy warm year, corresponding to a reduction in the number of snow-covered days relative to the baseline year. Our findings indicate that early soil freezing as a result of delayed snowfall and reduced snow insulation from cold winter air are the main drivers of reduced winter active-layer TS (at ~2-cm depth) under warming conditions in boreal forest, and we also show that these drivers interact strongly with forest stand structure.
Effects of Involved Laser Photons on Radiation and Electron-Positron Pair Production in one Coherence Interval in Ultra Intense Lasers
Authors: Zhang Bo , Zhang Zhi-meng , Deng Zhi-gang , Hong Wei , Teng Jian , He Shu-kai , Zhou Wei-min , Gu Yu-qiu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectron radiation and γ photon annihilation are two of the major processes in ultra intense lasers (UIL). Understanding their behavior in one coherence interval (CI) is the basis for UIL-matter interaction researches. However, most existing analytic formulae only give the average over many CIs. Present understanding of these two multi-photon processes in one CI usually assume that they emit forward and their spectra have a cutoff at the energy of the electron/γ. Such assumptions ignore the effects of involved laser photons (EILP). We deduced the formulae for these two processes in one CI with EILP included and give the conditions for the EILP to be significant. Strong EILP introduces new behaviors into these two processes in one CI, such as large angle emission and emit particles above the usually assumed cutoff. Simulations show that the EILP would be significant when laser intensity reaches 2 × 1022 W/cm2, which is within the reach of state-of-art lasers.
Loss of miR-144 signaling interrupts extracellular matrix remodeling after myocardial infarction leading to worsened cardiac function
Authors: He Quan , Wang Fangfei , Honda Takashi , James Jeanne , Li Jing , Redington Andrew 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have previously shown that MicroRNA (miR) -144 is a key modulator of the acute cardioprotection associated with remote ischemic preconditioning and post myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling. In this study we examine the biology of the remodeling response after permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in male miR-144 KO mice, and wild-type littermates (WT). Collagen content and cross linking were determined by hydroxyproline and pyridinoline assays, MI size and scar thickness were measured post PicoSirius Red staining, and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. miR-144 KO mice developed normally with normal cardiac function, however after MI, infarction size was greater and scar thickness was reduced in miR-144 KO mice compared with WT littermates. miR-144 KO mice had a lower incidence of acute cardiac rupture compared with WT littermates early after MI but there was impaired late remodeling, reflected by increased total cardiac collagen content and collagen cross-linkage associated with changes in Zeb1/LOX1 axis, and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. We conclude that miR-144 is involved in extracellular matrix remodeling post MI and its loss leads to increased myocardial fibrosis and impaired functional recovery.
Late-time observations of the extraordinary Type II supernova iPTF14hls
Authors: Sollerman J. , Taddia F. , Arcavi I. , Fremling C. , Fransson C. , Burke J. , Cenko S. B. , Andersen O. , Andreoni I. , Barbarino C. , Blagorodova N. , Brink T. G. , Filippenko A. V. , Gal-Yam A. , Hiramatsu D. , Hosseinzadeh G. , Howell D. A. , de Jaeger T. , Lunnan R. , McCully C. , Perley D. A. , Tartaglia L. , Terreran G. , Valenti S. , Wang X. 
Published: November 2018

Aims. We study iPTF14hls, a luminous and extraordinary long-lived Type II supernova, which lately has attracted much attention and disparate interpretation.
Methods. We have presented new optical photometry that extends the light curves up to more than three years past discovery. We also obtained optical spectroscopy over this period, and furthermore present additional space-based observations using Swift and HST.
Results. After an almost constant luminosity for hundreds of days, the later light curve of iPTF14hls finally fades and then displays a dramatic drop after about 1000 d, but the supernova is still visible at the latest epochs presented. The spectra have finally turned nebular, and our very last optical spectrum likely displays signatures from the deep and dense interior of the explosion. A high-resolution HST image highlights the complex environment of the explosion in this low-luminosity galaxy.
Conclusions. We provide a large number of additional late-time observations of iPTF14hls, which are (and will continue to be) used to assess the many different interpretations for this intriguing object. In particular, the very late (+1000 d) steep decline of the optical light curve is difficult to reconcile with the proposed central engine models. The lack of very strong X-ray emission, and the emergence of intermediate-width emission lines including [S II] that we propose originate from dense, processed material in the core of the supernova ejecta, are also key observational tests for both existing and future models.
Klavikulafrakturen im Wachstumsalter
Authors: Korsch Wolfram 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungKlavikulafrakturen im Wachstumsalter sind seltene Verletzungen, die in der Regel konservativ behandelt werden können. Unter Berücksichtigung der korrekten Fraktureinteilung entstehen klare Indikationen zur operativen Versorgung, insbesondere beim Adoleszenten und am lateralen Ende des Schlüsselbeines. Der folgende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht der gängigen Klassifikationen und den sich daraus ergebenden Therapieempfehlungen, sowie die Nachbehandlung. Fallbeispiele sollen die Ausführungen anschaulich machen.
Bildgebung Kindertraumatologie – diagnostische Besonderheiten
Authors: Vogl Thomas , Marzi Ingo , Jacobi Martina 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Kindertraumatologie ist ein wichtiges radiologisches Feld im klinischen Alltag. Häufige Verletzungsformen -meist durch Unfälle bedingt – stellen Frakturen dar. Die Befundung findet in der Regel nicht durch einen ausgebildeten Kinderradiologen statt. Deswegen ist es eine essentielle Voraussetzung für den Radiologen, die Stufen der Skelettentwicklung zu kennen. Aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Knochenaufbaus von Erwachsenen treten bei Kindern unterschiedliche Verletzungsmuster auf.Des Weiteren soll vor allem bei Kindern auf eine strenge Indikationsprüfung und Dosisreduktion geachtet werden, um die Strahlenexposition so gering wie möglich zu halten. Anhand von folgenden Beispielen sollen häufige Verletzungsmuster beschrieben und illustriert werden.
Língua de Preto, the language of the African slave community in Portugal (16th–19th centuries)
Authors: Kihm Alain 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLíngua de Preto‘language of the Blacks’ (LdP) is the conventional name for the basic variety of Portuguese spoken by the West African slaves deported to Portugal from the end of the 15th century onwards, who formed an important and visible minority within the Portuguese population until the end of the 19th century. The restructured Portuguese they used with the white Portuguese and among themselves is partially known to us through theatre and folk literature. Although its heyday was the 16th century, it apparently continued in use until the 18th century. The present article tries to account for its emergence and continuance and to assess its possible contribution to the formation of West African Portuguese Creoles. What LdP implies for the Portuguese attitude toward language issues is also examined.
How to dictate and survive life in the tropics
Authors: Putten Jan van der 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
From the early years of contact in the closing years of the 16th century until the end of the colonial era in the early 1940s,
European agents have tried to master and regulate the languages of the scattered islands that bridge Asia with Australia. The
contact language they encountered was Malay, which had incorporated a relatively high percentage of foreign material. These
foreign agents distinguished between high and low, colloquial and bookish, correct and incorrect variants which they needed to
define and structure. This paper will briefly sketch the history of Malay language studies before turning to a more detailed
discussion of a number of Malay language guides published in the 19th century. I will focus on the topics these guides deal with
and what they tell us about the approach the Dutch migrants were expected to take towards the native population.
Language variation at the prosody-syntax interface
Authors: del Mar Vanrell Maria , Fernández-Soriano Olga 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Spanish is generally considered a “word order language” with respect to focus marking, since the syntactic strategies used to alter the canonical order seem to depend on focus type. Thus, prosodically motivated movement is utilized for information narrow focus, and focus fronting, clefting, and focus in situ are used in contrastive focus cases. However, recent empirical studies do not fully support this assumption. This paper investigates the effect of focus type and syntactic function of the focused constituent on the syntactic and prosodic realization of focus in different varieties of European Spanish. Our data show that Spanish employs both word order and intonation to different degrees depending on the language variety, the nature of the focused constituent (subject or object), and the constituent’s informational vs. contrastive features.
Focus realization at the prosody-syntax interface
Authors: Uth Melanie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the prosodic and syntactic realization of broad and narrow contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish compared to standard Mexican Spanish. Based on data from two production experiments and one acceptability judgment test, it is suggested that Yucatecan Spanish is diametrically opposed to standard Mexican Spanish in this domain of syntactic-prosodic realization of Information Structure. Due to the interrelatedness and the general nature of the differences, Yucatecan Spanish is argued to instantiate a different type of language compared to standard (Mexican) Spanish in this regard. Finally, it is argued that this typological particularity is probably to be traced back to the variety’s long standing and intensive contact with Yucatec Maya.
Acceptability and frequency in Spanish focus marking
Authors: Heidinger Steffen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the status and relevance of three syntactic positions for focus marking in Spanish: sentence-initial, sentence-internal, and sentence-final position (as we will only consider constituents with an unmarked linear position that is postverbal and non-final, initial position is the result of fronting and final position is the result of p-movement). Although all three positions are options for both information and contrastive focus, we will show that the positions do not have the same status. Based on frequency and acceptability data from several experimental studies, we will argue that final and internal position are the preferred positions for information focus and that internal position is the preferred position for contrastive focus. Concerning the relation between frequency and acceptability, we will demonstrate that the two sources of data generally show a matching pattern: Options that are more acceptable are also more frequent (and vice versa). Nevertheless, acceptability does not imply frequency, as contrastive focus in initial position is an option that is acceptable but very rare in frequency data. Hence, acceptability is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for usage.
Distinguishing contrast and focus at PF
Authors: Torregrossa Jacopo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper argues in favor of the hypothesis that contrast and focus are two independent categories of information structure (Neeleman & Vermeulen 2012). After showing that contrast and focus have a different semantics (Torregrossa 2015), I investigate whether they are associated with different prosodic representations. In particular, I will present the results of a production experiment targeting the prosodic realization of in-situ contrast and focus constituents in the variety of Italian spoken in Rionero, in the Basilicata region. The data shows that contrast and focus are expressed by different prosodic means, involving the choice of a specific pitch contour or the modulation of phonetic variables (e.g., duration of stressed syllable or alignment of tonal targets).
Presupposed modality
Authors: Reich Uli 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
My contribution explores the possibility to treat meanings that have intuitively been called surprise and obviousness within a theory of presupposed modal operators. A bird’s eye review of the literature on relevant intonational, morphological and syntactic expressions gathered from a broad range of languages is meant to give an impression both of the importance of these meanings as well as of the lack of a common pragmatic account. The case of miratives in Quechua is discussed considering some new data. The theory is developed in the form of language games and compares the behavior of presupposed modal operators both with the behavior of canonical modal expressions and with presuppositions triggered by lexical items.
NP exclamatives and focus
Authors: García García Marco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper makes a contribution to the study of Spanish noun phrase (NP) exclamatives, such as ¡Las tonterías que dicen! ‘The silly things they say!’. The main purpose is to explore the relation between NP exclamatives and the notion of focus. I compare NP exclamatives with canonical focus-marking constructions such as focus-fronting constructions and cleft sentences and show that they share some crucial syntactic and prosodic features. Elaborating on both the similarities and differences between these different constructions, I argue that NP exclamatives exhibit a special kind of focus that points not to the propositional content, but rather to the relation between the propositional content and the exclamative illocution. Making use of both focus theory and speech act theory, I claim that exclamative constructions express a non-contrastive focus that indicates the presence of non-fulfilled speaker expectations.
Adverbial cleft sentences in Italian, French and English
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria , Garassino Davide 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to offer a multi-layered analysis of adverbial clefts in Italian, French, and English. In particular, we intend to offer a corpus-based study of the syntactic category of the cleft constituent, its semantic type and, finally, the information structure of adverbial clefts. In the first part of our contribution, after defining the concept of adverbial, we discuss which categories of adverbials can (or cannot) be clefted. In the second part, we cast light on the similarities and differences between the three languages. The main cross-linguistic similarities concern the semantic type of cleft adverbials, whereas the most significant differences lie in information structure. Finally, we will relate our empirical findings to the ongoing theoretical discussion on the semantics (and pragmatics) of adverbial clefts.