bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The gastro-intestinal helminths of wild ruminants in Britain: I. Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus capreolus
Authors: Dunn Angus M. 
Published: June 2019

The specific composition of the parasitic helminth fauna of wild ruminants in Britain has not been examined for 30 years, and the series of surveys to be described were undertaken to provide data on this aspect of helminth epidemiology. With the increase in interest in conservation of wild stock, and especially ruminants, in recent years, information on the epidemiology of their helminth infections is an essential adjunct to any schemes for their protection and husbandry.The common roe deer, Capreolus capreolus capreolus, is distributed throughout Europe and Asia, the other subspecies, G. c. pygargus, the Siberian roe, G. c. bedfordi, the Manchurian roe, and C. c. melanotis, the Szechwan roe, being limited in range. It is indigenous to Britain, and over the centuries its populations have undergone great numerical fluctuations. Though at one time nearly extinct in England except in the counties on the Scottish marches it appears at present to be in a period of resurgence, and the range is extending from dense foci in the south and south-east to join the northern population. It has always been numerous in mainland Scotland and a few of the Western Isles, but is extinct in Wales and Ireland (Whitehead, 1964). The roe is the smallest of our indigenous deer and differs from the others in its breeding habits, not forming herds, but grouping as family units of buck, doe and offspring. On the mainland of Europe, however, herding does take place, and a limited migration has even been observed in Russian roe (Flerov, 1952). Its habitat is essentially woodland, but it grazes open areas to some extent and, not-withstanding its timid character, lives in close proximity to man in agricultural and even in urban areas.
The ecology ofEchinorhynchus truttaeSchrank, 1788 (Acanthocephala) in a trout stream in North Wales
Authors: Awachie J. B. E. 
Published: June 2019

Periodicity of occurrence in the final host has been observed in only a few of the known Acanthocephala of fish (Van Cleave, 1916; Steinstrasser, 1936; Komarova, 1950; Shulman & Shulman-Albova, 1953). The periodicity appears to be due to the simultaneous operation of a complex of physiological, developmental and ecological factors.In the present investigation a detailed study has been made of both the occurrence and the developmental cycle ofEchinorhynchus truttaein its hosts in a small trout stream, Afon Terrig, in North Wales. An attempt has also been made to ascertain to what extent some of the various and varying ecological and physiological factors influenced the incidence, degree of parasitization and the development of the worm in nature.Samples of the intermediate host,Gammarus pulex pulexL., and the final host the brown trout,Salmo truttaL., were taken monthly at three points or stations where the stream was readily accessible. Station I was at Rhydtalog as far upstream as practicable. Station III was at the opposite end of the stream near Caegwydd and station II was about mid-way between the other two sampling points. To ensure that each host sample was examined in as fresh a condition as possible, autopsy of the intermediate host was completed before the definitive host was taken.Within the first week of each month from November 1961 to January 1963, shrimps were taken from over a stretch of about 30 m at each station.
Inertial Navigation and Guidance for Civil Air Transport
Authors: Bryant W. B. , Simpson R. W. , Trueblood R. B. 
Published: June 2019

This paper discusses the application of inertial navigation and guidance systems in civil air transport operations from the systems engineering viewpoint. The concept of an operational system for navigation and guidance is introduced to facilitate consideration of the relationships which will exist between the inertial system and the operating functions necessary for the conduct of a flight. Inertial system configurations satisfying the requirements implied by these relationships are presented. The general requirements for input data panels and system output displays for all flight phases are discussed. A discussion of system mechanization considerations and estimate of system performance requirements conclude the paper.The actual conduct of an airline flight requires the performance of a number of distinct operational functions. The totality of these functions constitutes the complete operational system for the flight. The functions which are of interest in the present study are those directly related to establishing and maintaining the desired flight path. These constitute the operational system for command and guidance which can be viewed as a sub-system of the complete operational system. For simplicity, however, the command and guidance operational system will be referred to hereafter as the operational system.
Three international lawyers in a hall of mirrors
Authors: d’Aspremont Jean 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article uses the metaphor of the hall of mirrors to produce three distinct images of the international lawyer. The hall of mirrors refers here to the extent to which international legal discourses are built on self-referential mechanisms tantamount to mutually reflecting mirrors, by virtue of which movements and postures are reproduced ad infinitum without disclosing the origin thereof. According to the first image produced by virtue of the metaphor, the international lawyer feels invincible and fully makes use of the hall of mirrors to allow international legal discourses to obscure their origins and thrive in foundationlessness. The second image depicts a vulnerable international lawyer who is deprived of self-referential mechanisms for the production of international legal discourses because the mirrors have been shattered or the light turned off or simply because she has closed her eyes. The third image is that of a self-reflective international lawyer who is neither invincible nor vulnerable but consciously standing between the mutually reflecting mirrors wearing fissured spectacles and with no intention to smash the mirror, turn off the light or close her eyes. By developing these three distinct images, this article sheds light on how the contingency of legal doctrines, modes of legal reasoning and legal categories is experienced by international lawyers.
The utility of guaiac stool testing in the detection of gastrointestinal complications in infants with critical congenital heart disease
Authors: Muller Melanie , Foster Cortney , Lee Jessica , Bauer Caroline , Bor Casey , Buck Leahandra , Hicks Faith , Day Jenni , Bagdure Dayanand , Holloway Adrian , Chaves Alicia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground:Guaiac stool testing has been routinely used as a method to detect gastrointestinal complications in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CHD); however, the sensitivity and specificity have not been established.Methods:A retrospective chart review was performed investigating the presence of heme-positive stools and subsequent gastrointestinal complications as well as time to goal caloric intake and radiograph exposure.Results:The presence of heme-positive stools was not a statistically significant factor in patients with critical CHD that experienced gastrointestinal complications. Additionally, patients with heme-positive stools did undergo more abdominal X-rays than those with heme-negative stools.Conclusions:The routine use of guaiac stool testing in infants with critical CHD is not a predictor of possible gastrointestinal complications and leads to more radiograph exposure for the patient. Close clinical monitoring can be used to evaluate feeding tolerance in infants with critical CHD.
From Mediterranean diet to Mediterranean lifestyle: a narrative review
Authors: Diolintzi Anastasia , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B , Sidossis Labros S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To summarize the recent scientific evidence regarding the wellness-promoting capacity of the Mediterranean lifestyle (ML), with a special focus on physical, social and environmental wellness.Design:Narrative review of English-language publications in PubMed, Scopus and Embase, from 1 January 2010 to 31 October 2018.Setting:Prospective cohort studies, interventional studies, meta-analyses and reviews of those investigating the effect of at least one component of the ML on wellness parameters.Participants:General population.Results:Although an explicit definition of ML is missing, compliance with various combinations of its components improves metabolic health and protects against or ameliorates disease state. However, there is heterogeneity in the healthy behaviours that the ML-focused studies include in their design and the way these are assessed. Also, despite that features of the ML could contribute to other wellness dimensions, there are no studies exploring the effect this healthy lifestyle could confer to them.Conclusions:Chronic lifestyle diseases are of multifactorial aetiology and they warrant multifaceted approaches targeting the general way of living. ML, if thoroughly evaluated, can provide a valuable tool to holistically promote health and wellness.
Seismic Activity Preceding the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku Earthquake, Japan, Analyzed With Multidimensional Template Matching
Authors: Gardonio B. , Campillo M. , Marsan D. , Lecointre A. , Bouchon M. , Letort J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe observation of a transient slip 1 month before the rupture of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is a conandrum since the area was supposedly fully coupled. A better understanding of the mechanisms at work during the preseismic phase is thus fundamental. However, the configuration of the Pacific plate and the location of the Tohoku rupture zone 200 km from the coast make it difficult to detect microseismic events. In this study, we use a multidimensional template matching (MDTM) technique to detect earthquakes that are hidden in the noise. The temporal distribution of these 395 newly detected earthquakes provides new insights on the slip history of the megathrust earthquake epicentral zone. The detected events can be separated into two groups: 187 low‐frequency detections (below 5 Hz) that well recorded the episodes of earthquake migration prior to the Tohoku earthquake and 208 high‐frequency detections (above 10 Hz) that occurred close to the rupture zones of the M ≥ 4.8–6 earthquakes that struck between the 9 March 2011 M7.3 foreshock and the 30 November 2010 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake. The seismic rate of these high frequency detection events starts to increase on 30 November 2010 until the Tohoku earthquake.
Loop Current and Eddy‐Driven Salinity Variability in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Brokaw Richard J. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Morey Steven L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Loop Current System, involving the Loop Current and Loop Current Eddies, is the principal circulation feature in the Gulf of Mexico, which exhibits salinity gradients due to Mississippi River system freshwater discharge and large salinity variability on seasonal timescales. This research uses satellite‐derived sea surface salinity from NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive and ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity missions with altimetric sea surface height data to observe and quantify the redistribution of low‐salinity water by Loop Current System interaction. Freshwater flux in this region during summer months is modulated by Loop Current System configuration as classified by three states. An extended Loop Current transports low‐salinity water southward to the Florida Straits. A Loop Current eddy near the Louisiana‐Texas shelf recirculates low‐salinity water within the central Gulf. During a retracted Loop Current, no interaction occurs and low‐salinity water remains close to the coast in the northern Gulf.
The Magnetospheric Driving Source of Double‐Peak Subauroral Ion Drifts: Double Ring Current Pressure Peaks
Authors: Wei Dong , Yu Yiqun , He Fei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDouble‐peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs), characterized by two high‐speed flow channels, is a newly identified flow structure in the subauroral ionosphere. He et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL069133) proposed that two region 2 field‐aligned currents (R2 FACs) might cause the DSAIDs. However, the underlying physical process that drives the double R2 FACs is unknown. This study reports a DSAIDs event and reveals its magnetospheric drivers. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F18 satellite observed DSAIDs in the duskside subauroral region, which corresponded well to two low‐density troughs and two R2 FACs. The Van Allen Probe B demonstrated that intense substorm ion injections recurrently occurred prior to the formation of DSAIDs, suggesting a potential magnetospheric driver of DSAIDs. Simulation confirms that recurrent ion injections intensify the partial ring current and create double pressure peaks in the near‐Earth dusk‐to‐midnight region, leading two R2 FACs to flow into the ionosphere. The two R2 FACs are thus responsible for the DSAIDs formation. This study unveils the generation mechanism of DSAIDs and deepens the knowledge of the complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere system.
A Global Data Set for Economic Losses of Extreme Hydrological Events During 1960‐2014
Authors: Gao Liping , Tao Bo , Miao Yunxuan , Zhang Lihua , Song Xia , Ren Wei , He Liyuan , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA comprehensive data set of extreme hydrological events (EHEs)—floods and droughts, consisting of 2,171 occurrences worldwide, during 1960‐2014 was compiled, and then their economic losses were normalized using a price index in U.S. dollar. The data set showed a significant increasing trend of EHEs before 2000, while a slight post‐2000 decline. Correspondingly, the EHE‐caused economic losses increased obviously before 2000 followed by a slight decrease; the post‐2000 decline could be partially attributed to the decreases in drought and flood‐prone area or climate adaptation practices. Spatially, Asia experienced most EHEs (969), corresponding to the largest share of economic losses (approximately $868 billion for floods and $50 billion for droughts, respectively), while Oceania had the least EHEs (102) and the least economic losses (approximately $19 billion for floods and $45 billion for droughts). The five countries with the highest EHE‐caused economic losses were China, United States, Canada, Australia, and India. Countries that suffered the highest flood‐caused economic losses were China, United States, and Canada. This data set provides a quantitative linkage between climate science and economic losses at a global scale, and it is beneficial for the regional climatic impact assessments and strategical development for mitigating climate change impacts.
Knockdown of TRIM65 inhibits autophagy and cisplatin resistance in A549/DDP cells by regulating miR-138-5p/ATG7
Authors: Pan Xufeng , Chen Yong , Shen Yuzhou , Tantai Jicheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCisplatin resistance is the main cause of treatment failure in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Autophagy is a key mechanism of resistance to chemotherapy. Given that tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing proteins are involved in the regulation of autophagy and chemoresistance, we aimed to study the functions of TRIM protein members in autophagy-mediated chemoresistance of NSCLC. We found that TRIM65 was significantly increased in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cell line (A549/DDP) as compared to the parental cell line (A549). Knockdown of TRIM65 can enhance cisplatin-induced apoptosis and inhibit autophagy in A549/DDP cells, as indicated by Annexin V/PI staining, caspase3 activity test, and LC3-II immunofluorescence staining. Additionally, knockdown of TRIM65 significantly decreased the expression of an important autophagy mediator, ATG7, which was a potential target of miR-138-5p. miR-138-5p inhibitor significantly abolished the effects of TRIM65 knockdown on autophagy and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM65 induced the ubiquitination and degradation of TNRC6A, resulting in the suppressed expression of miR-138-5p. TRIM65 knockdown inhibited the growth of tumors derived from A549/DDP cells. Furthermore, cisplatin-resistant NSCLC tissues displayed higher expression of TRIM65 mRNA and lower expression of miR-138-5p as compared to cisplatin non-resistant ones. miR-138-5p expression was negatively correlated with TRIM65 mRNA in NSCLC tissues. Collectively, the present study indicates that TRIM65 knockdown attenuates autophagy and cisplatin resistance in A549/DDP cells via regulating miR-138-5p.
Loss of PICH promotes chromosome instability and cell death in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Huang Yan , Li Wanjin , Yan Weiwei , Wu Jiaqi , Chen Liang , Yao Xiaohong , Gu Feng , Lv Luye , Zhao Jiangman , Zhao Ming , Xia Tian , Han Qiuying , Li Teng , Ying Xiaomin , Li Tao , Xia Qing , Li Ailing , Zhang Xuemin , Chen Yuan , Zhou Tao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined by the lack of expression of estrogen, progesterone, and ERBB2 receptors, has the worst prognosis of all breast cancers. It is difficult to treat owing to a lack of effective molecular targets. Here, we report that the growth of TNBC cells is exceptionally dependent on PICH, a DNA-dependent ATPase. Clinical samples analysis showed that PICH is highly expressed in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes. Importantly, its high expression correlates with higher risk of distal metastasis and worse clinical outcomes. Further analysis revealed that PICH depletion selectively impairs the proliferation of TNBC cells, but not that of luminal breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo. In addition, knockdown of PICH in TNBC cells induces the formation of chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes in anaphase, frequently resulting in micronucleation or binucleation, finally leading to mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis. Collectively, our findings show the dependency of TNBC cells on PICH for faithful chromosome segregation and the clinical potential of PICH inhibition to improve treatment of patients with high-risk TNBC.
Activation of Aurora A kinase increases YAP stability via blockage of autophagy
Authors: Wang Peng , Gong Ying , Guo Tao , Li Man , Fang Lei , Yin Shengchen , Kamran Muhammad , Liu Yang , Xu Jie , Xu Lingzhi , Peng Fei , Xue Xiaoyuan , Yang Mengying , Hung Mie-Chie , Lam Eric W.-F. , Gu Chundong , Wang Chunli , Zhan Qimin , Liu Quentin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTranscription cofactor Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in cancer progression. Here, we found that Aurora A kinase expression was positively correlated with YAP in lung cancer. Aurora A depletion suppresses lung cancer cell colony formation, which could be reversed by YAP ectopic overexpression. In addition, activation of Aurora A increases YAP protein abundance through maintaining its protein stability. Consistently, the transcriptional activity of YAP is increased upon Aurora A activation. We further showed that shAURKA suppressed YAP expression in the absence of Lats1/2, indicating that Aurora A regulates YAP independently of Hippo pathway. Instead, Aurora A induced blockage of autophagy to up-regulate YAP expression. Collectively, our findings provide insights into regulatory mechanisms of YAP expression in lung cancer development.
Pseudogene RACGAP1P activates RACGAP1/Rho/ERK signalling axis as a competing endogenous RNA to promote hepatocellular carcinoma early recurrence
Authors: Wang Meng-Yao , Chen Dong-Ping , Qi Bin , Li Ming-Yi , Zhu Yan-Yi , Yin Wen-Jing , He Lu , Yu Yi , Li Zhou-Yu , Lin Ling , Yang Fang , Lin Zhi-Rui , Liu Jin-Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence has indicated crucial roles for pseudogenes in human cancers. However, the roles played by pseudogenes in the pathogenesis of HCC, particularly HCC early recurrence, still incompletely elucidated. Herein, we identify a novel early recurrence related pseudogene RACGAP1P which was significantly upregulated in HCC and was associated with larger tumour size, advanced clinical stage, abnormal AFP level and shorter survival time. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that RACGAP1P is a prerequisite for the development of malignant characteristics of HCC cells, including cell growth and migration. Mechanistic investigations indicated that RACGAP1P elicits its oncogenic activity as a ceRNA to sequestrate miR-15-5p from its endogenous target RACGAP1, thereby leading to the upregulation of RACGAP1 and the activation of RhoA/ERK signalling. These results may provide new insights into the functional crosstalk of the pseudogene/miRNA/parent-gene genetic network during HCC early relapse and may contribute to improving the clinical intervention for this subset of HCC patients.
Single-cell imaging and transcriptomic analyses of endogenous cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and cycling
Authors: Zhang Yiqiang , Gago-Lopez Nuria , Li Ning , Zhang Zhenhe , Alver Naima , Liu Yonggang , Martinson Amy M. , Mehri Avin , MacLellan William Robb 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile it is recognized that there are low levels of new cardiomyocyte (CM) formation throughout life, the source of these new CM generates much debate. One hypothesis is that these new CMs arise from the proliferation of existing CMs potentially after dedifferentiation although direct evidence for this is lacking. Here we explore the mechanisms responsible for CM renewal in vivo using multi-reporter transgenic mouse models featuring efficient adult CM (ACM) genetic cell fate mapping and real-time cardiomyocyte lineage and dedifferentiation reporting. Our results demonstrate that non-myocytes (e.g., cardiac progenitor cells) contribute negligibly to new ACM formation at baseline or after cardiac injury. In contrast, we found a significant increase in dedifferentiated, cycling CMs in post-infarct hearts. ACM cell cycling was enhanced within the dedifferentiated CM population. Single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CMs identified with dedifferentiation reporters had significant down-regulation in gene networks for cardiac hypertrophy, contractile, and electrical function, with shifts in metabolic pathways, but up-regulation in signaling pathways and gene sets for active cell cycle, proliferation, and cell survival. The results demonstrate that dedifferentiation may be an important prerequisite for CM proliferation and explain the limited but measurable cardiac myogenesis seen after myocardial infarction (MI).
Structural basis for substrate gripping and translocation by the ClpB AAA+ disaggregase
Authors: Rizo Alexandrea N. , Lin JiaBei , Gates Stephanie N. , Tse Eric , Bart Stephen M. , Castellano Laura M. , DiMaio Frank , Shorter James , Southworth Daniel R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacterial ClpB and yeast Hsp104 are homologous Hsp100 protein disaggregases that serve critical functions in proteostasis by solubilizing protein aggregates. Two AAA+ nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) power polypeptide translocation through a central channel comprised of a hexameric spiral of protomers that contact substrate via conserved pore-loop interactions. Here we report cryo-EM structures of a hyperactive ClpB variant bound to the model substrate, casein in the presence of slowly hydrolysable ATPγS, which reveal the translocation mechanism. Distinct substrate-gripping interactions are identified for NBD1 and NBD2 pore loops. A trimer of N-terminal domains define a channel entrance that binds the polypeptide substrate adjacent to the topmost NBD1 contact. NBD conformations at the seam interface reveal how ATP hydrolysis-driven substrate disengagement and re-binding are precisely tuned to drive a directional, stepwise translocation cycle.