bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic variability correlates with clinical outcome inCryptococcusisolates obtained from Botswanan HIV/AIDS patients
Authors: Fernandes Kenya E. , Brockway Adam , Haverkamp Miriam , Cuomo Christina A. , Ogtrop Floris van , Perfect John R. , Carter Dee A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPathogenic species ofCryptococcuscause hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Considerable phenotypic variation is exhibited during infection, including increased capsule size, capsule shedding, giant cells (≥ 15 μm) and micro cells (≤ 1 μm). We examined 70 clinical isolates ofCryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus tetragattiifrom HIV/AIDS patients in Botswana to determine if the capacity to produce morphological variants was associated with clinical parameters. Isolates were cultured under conditions designed to simulatein vivostresses. Substantial variation was seen across morphological and clinical data. Giant cells were more common inC. tetragattii,while micro cells and shed capsule occurred inC. neoformansonly. Phenotypic variables fell into two groups associated with differing symptoms. The production of “large” phenotypes (greater cell and capsule size and giant cells) was associated with higher CD4 count and was negatively correlated with intracranial pressure indicators, suggesting these are induced in early-stage infection. “Small” phenotypes (micro cells and shed capsule) were associated with lower CD4 counts, negatively correlated with meningeal inflammation indicators and positively correlated with intracranial pressure indicators, suggesting they are produced later during infection and may contribute to immune suppression and promote proliferation and dissemination. These trends persisted at the species level, indicating that they were not driven by association with particularCryptococcusspecies. Isolates possessing giant cells, micro cells, and shed capsule were rare, but strikingly were associated with patient death (p=0.0165). Our data indicate that pleomorphism is an important driver inCryptococcusinfection.ImportanceCryptococcosis results in hundreds of thousands of deaths annually, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa.Cryptococcusis an encapsulated yeast, and during infection cells have the capacity for substantial morphological changes, including capsule enlargement and shedding, and variations in cell shape and size. In this study we examined 70Cryptococcusisolates causing meningitis in HIV/AIDS patients in Botswana in order to look for associations between phenotypic variation and clinical symptoms. Four variant phenotypes were seen across strains: giant cells ≥ 15 μm, micro cells ≤ 1 μm, shed extracellular capsule, and irregularly shaped cells. We found “large” and “small” phenotypes were associated with differing disease symptoms, indicating that their production may be important during the disease process. Overall, our study indicates thatCryptococcusstrains that can switch on cell types under different situations may be more able to sustain infection and resist the host response.
Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute
Authors: Bracey Daniel N. , Jinnah Alexander H. , Willey Jeffrey S. , Seyler Thorsten M. , Hutchinson Ian D. , Whitlock Patrick W. , Smith Thomas L. , Danelson Kerry A. , Emory Cynthia L. , Kerr Bethany A. 
Published: September 2018

1.AbstractBone grafting is the second most common tissue transplantation procedure worldwide. The gold standard for bone grafting is the autograft; however, due to morbidity and limited supply, new alternatives, including allograft and tissue-engineered bone substitutes, are needed to satisfy long-term demand. One of the most desired properties of tissue-engineered bone substitutes is osteoinductivity, defined as the ability to stimulate primitive cells to differentiate into a bone forming lineage. In the current study, we treated porcine bone with a decellularization protocol to produce a bone scaffold. We examined whether the scaffold possessed osteoinductive potential and could be used to create a tissue-engineered bone microenvironment. To test if the bone scaffold was a viable host, pre-osteoblasts were seeded, incubatedin vitro, and analyzed for markers of osteogenic differentiation. To assess these propertiesin vivo, scaffolds with and without pre-osteoblasts pre-seeded were subcutaneously implanted in mice for four weeks. The scaffolds underwent micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanning before implantation. After retrieval, the scaffolds were analyzed for osteogenic differentiation or re-scanned by microCT to assess new bone formation with the subsequent histological assessment. The osteoinductive potential was observedin vitrowith similar osteogenic markers being expressed as observed in demineralized bone matrix and significantly greater expression of these markers than controls. By microCT, paired t-tests demonstrated significantly increased bone volume:total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) after explantation in all groups. Pentachrome staining demonstrated osteogenesis within the scaffold, and angiogenesis in the scaffold was confirmed by CD31 staining for blood vessels. These results demonstrate that porcine bone maintains its osteoinductive properties after the application of a novel decellularization and oxidation protocol. Future work must be performed to definitively prove osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, biocompatibility in large animal models, and osteoinduction/osseointegration in a relevant clinical modelin vivo. The ability to create a functional bone microenvironment using decellularized xenografts will impact regenerative medicine, orthopaedic reconstruction, and could be used in the research of multiple diseases.
High-Content, Cell-by-Cell Assessment of HER2 Overexpression and Amplification for Heterogeneity Detection in Breast Cancer
Authors: Nguyen Huu Tuan , Migliozzi Daniel , Bisig Bettina , de Leval Laurence , Gijs Martin A.M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization are the two standard methods for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) assessment. However, they have severe limitations to assess quantitatively intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) when multiple subclones of tumor cells co-exist. We develop here a high-content, quantitative analysis of breast cancer tissues based on microfluidic experimentation and image processing, to characterize both HER2 protein overexpression and HER2 gene amplification at the cell level. The technique consists of performing sequential steps on the same tissue slide: an immunofluorescence (IF) assay using a microfluidic protocol, an elution step for removing the IF staining agents, a standard FISH staining protocol, followed by automated quantitative cell-by-cell image processing. Moreover, ITH is accurately detected in both cluster and mosaic form using an analysis of spatial association and a mathematical model that allows discriminating true heterogeneity from artifacts due to the use of thin tissue sections. This study paves the way to evaluate ITH with high accuracy and content while requiring standard staining methods.
Chemical composition of essential oil from Folium nelumbinis and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Fan Xiaoyun , Zhang Qing , Lin Xiujun , Chen Yi , Qian Liu , Li Kang , Lu Xu , Zheng Baodong , Chen Lei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study is aim to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil from lotus leaves. The different methods and solvents were selected to extract oils from lotus leaves. About 38 components were found by GC-MS analysis, representing as 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid (34.99%), linoleic acid and hexadecanoic acid. TBARS value, AV value and IV value reflected the various physicochemical indexes and lipid properties of Folium nelumbinis oil. Furthermore, antioxidant activities of the leaf samples were examined by FRAP and DPPH assays. In all systems, twice methanol-decolorized and ultrasonic-assisted essential oil using hexane solvent exhibited a higher potential activitythan than that of other extracts (ethanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether). These results provide a clear picture of the essential oils of Folium nelumbinis and demonstrate that the lotus leaves oil has an huge potential as a kind of chemical additive for the food industry owing to the strong antioxidant capacity.
Who gets lost and why: A representative cross-sectional survey on sociodemographic and vestibular determinants of wayfinding strategies
Authors: Ulrich Susanne , Grill Eva , Flanagin Virginia L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhen we think of our family and friends, we probably know someone who is good at finding their way and someone else that easily get lost. We still know little about the biological and environmental factors that influence our navigational ability. Here, we investigated the frequency and sociodemographic determinants of wayfinding and their association with vestibular function in a representative cross-sectional sample (N = 783) of the adult German-speaking population. Wayfinding was assessed using the Wayfinding Strategy Scale, a self-report scale that produces two scores for each participant representing to what degree they rely on route-based or orientation (map-based) strategies. We were interested in the following research questions: (1) the frequency and determinants of wayfinding strategies in a population-based representative sample, (2) the relationship between vestibular function and strategy choice and (3) how sociodemographic factors influence general wayfinding ability as measured using a combined score from both strategy scores. Our linear regression models showed that being male, having a higher education, higher age and lower regional urbanization increased orientation strategy scores. Vertigo/dizziness reduced the scores of both the orientation and the route strategies. Using a novel approach, we grouped participants by their combined strategy scores in a multinomial regression model, to see whether individuals prefer one strategy over the other. The majority of individuals reported using either both or no strategy, instead of preferring one strategy over the other. Young age and reduced vestibular function were indicative of using no strategy. In summary, wayfinding ability depends on both biological and environmental factors; all sociodemographic factors except income. Over a third of the population, predominantly under the age of 35, does not successfully use either strategy. This represents a change in our wayfinding skills, which may result from the technological advances in navigational aids over the last few decades.
Visual arts marketing in East Asia
Authors: Chang Yu-Chien , Preece Chloe 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, it reviews the background to, and development of the special issue call for papers on the topic of “Visual arts marketing in East Asia”; second, it introduces the four papers and commentary in the issue; and third, it considers some of the key areas with a rich potential for future directions of research.

Design/methodology/approach
The papers in this special issue comprise of both qualitative (e.g. interviews, observation, case studies) and quantitative (surveys) as well as conceptual issues for policy and artists. Moreover, the articles are interdisciplinary, drawing from art history, cultural studies, philosophy and international relations as well as marketing.

Findings
Findings and insights relate to topics such as the structure of the visual arts markets of East Asia, political influences on these arts markets, alternative spaces such as art festivals, ambiance and audience experience in museums and new media initiatives.

Research limitations/implications
The authors believe that all of the papers have implications for future thinking, research, scholarship and practice in the area of arts marketing, particularly for scholars, cultural institutions and artists working in Asia.

Originality/value
As far as the editors are aware, this is the first ever journal special issue on arts marketing in East Asia. In particular, the authors offer some new ideas in thinking about visual arts marketing in Asia as part of this editorial essay, particularly in considering the difficulties for both artists, arts organisations and academics in creating from the “periphery”.
Workplace violence against physicians and medical students in west part of Iran
Authors: Afkhamzadeh Abdorrahim , Mohamadi Bolbanabad Amjad , Moloudi Bayan , Safari Hossein , Piroozi Bakhtiar 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to survey the prevalence of exposure to workplace violence (WPV) including physical violence, verbal abuse, bullying as well as its related factors among physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (KUMS).

Design/methodology/approach
This is a descriptive analytic as well as a cross-sectional study which was carried out on all physicians (general and specialists) and medical students attending teaching hospitals of KUMS in 2014. Overall, 400 participated in this study and data were gathered using a standard questionnaire. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS 20, χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests as well as univariate and adjusted logistic regression.

Findings
The prevalence of physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying among medical students was reported 4.5, 59 and 0.8 percent, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of these violence among general practitioners was 6.9, 72.4 and 0 percent, respectively. Moreover, 11.5, 42.3 and 3.8 percent of specialists had experienced physical violence, verbal abuse and bullying, respectively. Patients and their relatives were the main sources of the violence. Based on the results of multivariate logistic regression, male sex (AOR=2.60, CI: 1.56–4.32) and having shift work (AOR=3.13, CI: 1.67–5.84) were the most significant risk factors for total WPV.

Originality/value
The WPV experienced by physicians and medical students attending teaching hospitals of MUK is high. Health sector authorities should develop and implement proper strategies and interventions aiming at reducing or preventing from incidence of WPV.
Material intelligence as a driver for value creation in IoT-enabled business ecosystems
Authors: Hakanen Esko , Rajala Risto 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify and discuss the role of intelligent materials in the emergence of new business models based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The study suggests new areas for further research to better understand the influences of material intelligence on the business models in industry-wide service ecosystems.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses data from an earlier study of intelligent materials in the steel industry networks. The insights are based on 34 qualitative interviews among 15 organizations in the industry. The data are reanalyzed for this study.

Findings
The observations from the steel industry show how material intelligence can be harnessed for value creation in IoT-based business ecosystems. The results suggest that not all “things” connected to the IoT need to be intelligent, if information related to the things are collected, stored and shared for collaborative value creation among the actors involved in the business ecosystem.

Research limitations/implications
The study discusses how IoT deployments allow businesses to benefit from the velocity and variety of information associated with things and guides future research to study the ways in which value is created through IoT-enabled business models.

Practical implications
Rather than focusing on improving the efficiency of the supply network, the study presents new paths for competitive advantages in the new IoT ecosystems.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the mounting research on the IoT by identifying and discussing the critical aspects of how IoT can transform business models and supply networks within end-to-end ecosystems.
East Mediterranean gas: a new arena for international rivalry
Authors: ElBassoussy Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the international response to the discovery and development of gas fields in the East Mediterranean basin.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies key concepts into a framework and explores the strategies used by nations for developing their influence in the region.

Findings
The key nation states (the USA and Russia) and the supranational EU are notable in their divergent approaches to obtaining access to and influence regarding the gas fields.

Practical implications
The development of the strategies used by the international rivals for access to the resources available from the offshore oil fields is set to be an area for further study.

Originality/value
This paper offers insight into a developing rivalry over energy security, which will a platform for further investigation throughout the exploitation of the “New Gulf” gas fields.
Sub-limit detection in SAW sensors by FFT spectral analysis of frequency time instability
Authors: Nicolae Ionut , Miu Dana , Viespe Cristian 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The detection of H2 concentrations in concentrations undetectable by the conventional detection method of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors based on frequency shift, by correlating analyte presence with Fourier spectra components.

Design/methodology/approach
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and autocorrelation analysis of phase noise in a SnO2-coated SAW sensor was performed. Fourier spectra were obtained by FFT from the SAW sensor resonance frequency instability, in the absence of analyte, and for H2 concentrations between 0.08 and 0.4 per cent.

Findings
All analyte concentrations are below the sensor limit of detection, which is 0.8 per cent for H2. Although these analyte concentrations caused no significant change in the resonance frequency of the SAW resonator, the FFT spectra presented several modifications, namely, the appearance of a new peak and the decrease of randomness. The authors consider that the effect is because of the chaotic behavior of the temporal dependence of the SAW resonance frequency. This explanation is substantiated by the decrease observed in the SAW oscillator autocorrelation function, which is an indication for a chaotic behavior.

Practical implications
As chaotic systems are extremely sensitive to perturbation, measurement methods based on chaos diagnosis could potentially greatly improve the SAW detection.

Originality/value
Fourier spectra components were correlated with analyte presence in concentrations undetectable by the conventional SAW detection method based on frequency shift.
Regulation of lactate metabolism in the acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii
Authors: Schoelmerich Marie Charlotte , Katsyv Alexander , Sung Woung , Mijic Vanessa , Wiechmann Anja , Kottenhahn Patrick , Baker Jonathan , Minton Nigel Peter , Müller Volker 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAcetogenic bacteria compete in an energy‐limited environment by coupling different metabolic routes to their central metabolism of CO2 fixation. The underlying regulatory mechanisms are often still not understood. In this work, we analysed how lactate metabolism is regulated in the model acetogen Acetobacterium woodii. Construction of a ΔlctCDEF mutant and growth analyses demonstrated that the genes are essential for growth on lactate. Subsequent bridging PCR and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the lctBCDEF genes form an operon that was expressed only during lactate metabolism. The lctA gene was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. LctA bound to the intergenic DNA region between lctA and the lct operon in electromobility shift assays, and binding was revoked in the presence of lactate. Further restriction site protection analyses consolidated the lactate‐dependent binding of LctA and identified the binding site within the DNA. Cells grew mixotrophically on lactate and another energy source and showed no diauxic growth. From these data, we conclude that the catabolic lactate metabolism is encoded by the lct operon and its expression is negatively regulated by the DNA‐binding repressor LctA.
Towards patterned bioelectronics: facilitated immobilization of exoelectrogenic Escherichia coli with heterologous pili
Authors: Lienemann Michael , TerAvest Michaela A. , Pitkänen Juha‐Pekka , Stuns Ingmar , Penttilä Merja , Ajo‐Franklin Caroline M. , Jäntti Jussi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBiosensors detect signals using biological sensing components such as redox enzymes and biological cells. Although cellular versatility can be beneficial for different applications, limited stability and efficiency in signal transduction at electrode surfaces represent a challenge. Recent studies have shown that the Mtr electron conduit from Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 can be produced in Escherichia coli to generate an exoelectrogenic model system with well‐characterized genetic tools. However, means to specifically immobilize this organism at solid substrates as electroactive biofilms have not been tested previously. Here, we show that mannose‐binding Fim pili can be produced in exoelectrogenic E. coli and can be used to selectively attach cells to a mannose‐coated material. Importantly, cells expressing fim genes retained current production by the heterologous Mtr electron conduit. Our results demonstrate the versatility of the exoelectrogenic E. coli system and motivate future work that aims to produce patterned biofilms for bioelectronic devices that can respond to various biochemical signals.
A Database of Natural Monthly Streamflow Estimates from 1950 to 2015 for the Conterminous United States
Authors: Miller Matthew P. , Carlisle Daren M. , Wolock David M. , Wieczorek Michael 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuantifying and understanding the natural streamflow regime, defined as expected streamflow that would occur in the absence of anthropogenic modification to the hydrologic system, is critically important for the development of management strategies aimed at protecting aquatic ecosystems. Water balance models have been applied frequently to estimate natural flows, but are limited in the number of predictor variables that can be included. Here, a statistical machine learning technique — random forest modeling — was applied to estimate natural flows at a monthly time‐step from 1950 to 2015 for >2.5 million stream reaches in the conterminous United States (U.S.) using 200 potential predictor variables. We describe the development and documentation of this dataset and assess model performance. Model fit statistics (mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency = 0.85; observed/expected ratio = 0.94) indicate good correspondence between predicted and observed flows at nearly 2,000 streamgages. As an example application of the dataset, the observed streamflow record at a site prior to and after the construction of an upstream reservoir was compared with estimated natural flows to demonstrate the magnitude of seasonal depletions in streamflow due to the reservoir. This dataset can be applied to quantify natural and anthropogenic processes contributing to streamflow depletion or augmentation, and assess associated ecological effects.