bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline Science: Rapid adipose tissue expansion triggers unique proliferation and lipid accumulation profiles in adipose tissue macrophages
Authors: Muir Lindsey A , Kiridena Samadhi , Griffin Cameron , DelProposto Jennifer B , Geletka Lynn , Martinez-Santibañez Gabriel , Zamarron Brian F , Lucas Hannah , Singer Kanakadurga , O'Rourke Robert W , Lumeng Carey N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Obesity-related changes in adipose tissue leukocytes, in particular adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and dendritic cells (ATDCs), are implicated in metabolic inflammation, insulin resistance, and altered regulation of adipocyte function. We evaluated stromal cell and white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion dynamics with high fat diet (HFD) feeding for 3–56 days, quantifying ATMs, ATDCs, endothelial cells (ECs), and preadipocytes (PAs) in visceral epididymal WAT and subcutaneous inguinal WAT. To better understand mechanisms of the early response to obesity, we evaluated ATM proliferation and lipid accumulation. ATMs, ATDCs, and ECs increased with rapid WAT expansion, with ATMs derived primarily from a CCR2-independent resident population. WAT expansion stimulated proliferation in resident ATMs and ECs, but not CD11c+ ATMs or ATDCs. ATM proliferation was unperturbed in Csf2- and Rag1-deficient mice with WAT expansion. Additionally, ATM apoptosis decreased with WAT expansion, and proliferation and apoptosis reverted to baseline with weight loss. Adipocytes reached maximal hypertrophy at 28 days of HFD, coinciding with a plateau in resident ATM accumulation and the appearance of lipid-laden CD11c+ ATMs in visceral epididymal WAT. ATM increases were proportional to tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy, supporting adipocyte-mediated regulation of resident ATMs. The appearance of lipid-laden CD11c+ ATMs at peak adipocyte size supports a role in responding to ectopic lipid accumulation within adipose tissue. In contrast, ATDCs increase independently of proliferation and may be derived from circulating precursors. These changes precede and establish the setting in which large-scale adipose tissue infiltration of CD11c+ ATMs, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance.
Regional cerebral blood flow in natives at high altitude: An arterial spin labeled MRI study
Authors: Wang Xiaochuan , Wei Wenping , Yuan Fengjuan , Li Shanhua , Lin Jianzhong , Zhang Jiaxing 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundIt is known that a neurologic sequence occurs at high altitudes (HA); hence, cerebral blood flow (CBF) might vary by altitude.PurposeTo use arterial spin labeled (ASL) MRI to evaluate absolute CBF differences between subjects who live at HA and lowlands.Study TypeCohort prospective trial.PopulationIn all, 64 HA Tibetans, 19 lowland Tibetans, and 25 lowland Han subjects.Field Strength/SequenceCBF was measured with the pulsed ASL sequence at 3T.AssessmentCBF was correlated with abode altitude in HA Tibetans; CBF differences among HA Tibetans, lowland Tibetans, and lowland Han subjects was assessed.Statistical TestsPearson correlation assessed the correlation. Independent t‐tests analyzed group differences.ResultsIn HA Tibetans, CBF decreased with altitude in the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, fusiform gyrus, cerebellar tonsil and cortices, and thalamus as well as left middle and inferior temporal gyri and right insula (P < 0.05); HA Tibetans (vs. lowland Tibetans) had lower CBF in the left hemisphere (precuneus, anterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and lingual gyrus) and right hemisphere (superior parietal lobule, precuneus, posterior cingulate gyrus, and cerebellar tonsil), while they had higher CBF in the left inferior parietal lobule, lentiform nucleus, and inferior frontal gyrus (P < 0.05). The overlapping regions, in which CBF in HA Tibetans correlated with altitude and decreased (vs. lowland Tibetans), were selected for region of interest analysis, and the results showed lower CBF in HA Tibetans than lowland Han subjects (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionHA adaptation in Tibetans is associated with a decrease of regional CBF.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:708–717.
The seasons’ length in 21st century CMIP5 projections over the eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Harpaz Tzvi , Saaroni Hadas , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: March 2018

The eastern Mediterranean (EM) is expected to be influenced by climate changes that will significantly affect ecosystems, human health and socio‐economic aspects. One aspect of climate change in this vulnerable area is the length of the seasons, especially that of the rainy winter season against the warm and dry summer.Here, the synoptic seasons’ definition of Alpert, Osetinsky, Ziv, and Shafir (2004a) was applied to an ensemble of eight Coupled Model Inter‐Comparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, under RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 scenarios, to predict the changes in the lengths of EM seasons during the 21st century. It is shown that the ensemble adequately represents the annual cycle of the main synoptic systems over the EM.The analysis further suggests that at the end of the 21st century, the duration of the synoptic summer, characterized by the occurrence of the Persian Trough, is expected to be lengthened by 49%, while the synoptic winter, characterized by the occurrence of the Cyprus Low, is expected to be shortened by 56% under the RCP8.5 scenario. This may lead to substantial changes in the hydrological regime and water resources, reduce the potential of dry farming, increase the risk of fires and air pollution and change the timing of seasonal health hazards.
Fiber‐in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction of caffeine as a molecular tracer in wastewater by electrochemically deposited layered double hydroxide
Authors: Lashgari Maryam , Yamini Yadollah 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModified stainless‐steel wires with a layer of polyaniline conductive polymer were coated by electrochemical deposition with Zn/Al layered double hydroxide to make solid‐phase microextraction fibers. The coating layer was also electrochemically deposited on the inner surface of a stainless‐steel tube. Then, ten prepared fibers were put inside the inner coated tube to make a fiber‐in‐tube solid phase microextraction device. The device was applied for the extraction of caffeine (1,3,7‐trimethylxanthine) from domestic wastewater samples. Extraction conditions including extraction and desorption times, pH and ionic strength of the sample solution, and content of the organic desorption solvent were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the fiber‐in‐tube solid phase microextraction exhibited excellent extraction efficiency toward caffeine. The precision of the method was evaluated. Average relative standard deviation of 5.7% (n = 6) for intraday analysis and 8.3% (n = 5) for interday analysis was obtained. The limits of detection and limits of quantification of the method (at signal to noise ratio of 3 and 10) were obtained as 0.14 and 0.37 ng/mL, respectively. The current study can provide new prospective applications of layered double hydroxide conductive polymer fiber coatings.
Tourist satisfaction and subjective well‐being: An index approach
Authors: Saayman Melville , Li Gang , Uysal Muzaffer , Song Haiyan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to propose an index approach to study the impact of travel experience on tourists' satisfaction and the further impact on their sense of well‐being. Based on the latest development of tourist satisfaction research, that is, the tourist satisfaction indices, this innovative study further extends the two‐stage framework of tourist travel experiences to account for subjective well‐being and subsequently calculates a tourist well‐being index. A questionnaire with 496 respondents was used, which focused on four service sectors' tourist satisfaction indices. From this, a destination overall tourist satisfaction index and a tourist well‐being index were produced using the results of structural equation modelling. Some key findings include the higher the impact of the trip on tourist's sense of well‐being the higher the loyalty towards the destination. Different cultures had different results concerning the trip experiences (satisfaction) and the impact of the latter on their subjective well‐being. Group travellers also had a significantly more positive experience compared with solo travellers. A new innovative indices system capturing tourist satisfaction and its causes and outcomes, in particular its impact on tourist's subjective well‐being, was developed. This research therefore extends work done on the impact of tourist experience and quality of life/subjective well‐being.
A general algorithm for compensation of trajectory errors: Application to radial imaging
Authors: Mani Merry , Magnotta Vincent , Jacob Mathews 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo reconstruct artifact‐free images from measured k‐space data, when the actual k‐space trajectory deviates from the nominal trajectory due to gradient imperfections.MethodsTrajectory errors arising from eddy currents and gradient delays introduce phase inconsistencies in several fast scanning MR pulse sequences, resulting in image artifacts. The proposed algorithm provides a novel framework to compensate for this phase distortion. The algorithm relies on the construction of a multi‐block Hankel matrix, where each block is constructed from k‐space segments with the same phase distortion. In the presence of spatially smooth phase distortions between the segments, the complete block‐Hankel matrix is known to be highly low‐rank. Since each k‐space segment is only acquiring part of the k‐space data, the reconstruction of the phase compensated image from their partially parallel measurements is posed as a structured low‐rank matrix optimization problem, assuming the coil sensitivities to be known.ResultsThe proposed formulation is tested on radial acquisitions in several settings including partial Fourier and golden‐angle acquisitions. The experiments demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to successfully remove the artifacts arising from the trajectory errors, without the need for trajectory or phase calibration. The quality of the reconstruction was comparable to corrections achieved using the Trajectory Auto‐Corrected Image Reconstruction (TrACR) for radial acquisitions.ConclusionThe proposed method provides a general framework for the recovery of artifact‐free images from radial trajectories without the need for trajectory calibration.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2017: Proteinvermittelte dynamische kombinatorische Chemie
Authors: Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDynamisch kombinatorische Chemie ermöglicht es dem Targetprotein, aus einer Bibliothek kovalent, aber reversibel verknüpfter Bausteine den besten Binder auszuwählen. Mit Phagendisplay und Hefedisplay lassen sich vollständig menschliche Antikörper gewinnen, die sich als Medikamentenwirkstoffe eignen. Neuartige Wirkstoffe gegen bakterielle Infektionen greifen direkt die Virulenzfaktoren der Krankheitserreger an oder stören die regulatorischen Systeme eines Bakterienstamms. Damit Biotherapeutika an ihre Wirkorte kommen, müssen sie Zellmembranen überwinden. Dabei helfen spezielle Peptide.
Trendbericht Lebensmittelchemie 2017
Authors: Fahrer Jörg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBei der Herstellung und Zubereitung von Lebensmitteln entstehen Substanzen, die unser Erbgut schädigen und Krebs erzeugen können. Eine physiologische Barriere gegenüber diesen Nahrungskarzinogenen bilden DNA‐Reparaturprozesse, die über die DNA‐Schadensantwort aktiviert und gesteuert werden. Neuere Studien zeigen, wie uns diese Abwehrmechanismen insbesondere vor Darmkrebs schützen.
Antimicrobial Agents and Catheter Complications in Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Keller Sara C. , Dzintars Kathryn , Gorski Lisa A. , Williams Deborah , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesDebate about whether certain antimicrobial agents traditionally considered vesicants increase the risk of catheter complications has led to uncertainty in venous catheter placement protocols. To understand whether patients requiring home‐based outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) should receive peripheral catheters (e.g., midline catheters) versus central venous catheters, and to understand whether certain antimicrobial agents place home‐based OPAT patients at higher risk for catheter complications, we investigated associations between antimicrobial agent(s) and catheter complications.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of patients requiring home‐based OPAT discharged from two urban tertiary care academic medical centers, including telephone surveys and chart abstractions. Multivariable Poisson regressions were used to evaluate: (i) associations between antimicrobial agents traditionally considered vesicants, based on pH or osmolarity, and catheter complication rates, and (ii) associations between antimicrobial agent and rates of catheter complications.ResultsVesicant antimicrobials defined using pH or osmolarity criteria were not associated with an increased rate of catheter complications (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR]: 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–2.96). Vancomycin was associated with an increased rate of catheter complications, as was daptomycin (aIRR: 2.32 [95% CI: 1.20–4.46] and 4.45 [95% CI: 1.02–19.41], respectively). Staphylococcus aureus infections were also associated with an increased rate of catheter complications (aIRR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09–4.19), as were midline catheters (aIRR: 9.44, 95% CI: 2.12–41.97).ConclusionsOur study supports recent guidance identifying vancomycin as a vesicant, among a subset of antimicrobial agents, and removal of pH criteria for identification of vesicants.
Hieb‐ und stichfest
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEin moderner Fechtkampf dauert nur wenige Minuten, eine einzelne Aktion im Mittel zehn Sekunden. Neben der Taktik entscheiden schnelle Bewegungen wie der Ausfallschritt und kaum sichtbare Bewegungen der Waffe über Sieg und Niederlage. Abgesehen von der Mechanik spielen körperliche Voraussetzungen wie die physiologischen Eigenschaften der Muskulatur eine wichtige Rolle.
T‐Cell Immunopeptidomes Reveal Cell Subtype Surface Markers Derived From Intracellular Proteins
Authors: Olsson Niclas , Schultz Liora M. , Zhang Lichao , Khodadoust Michael S. , Narayan Rupa , Czerwinski Debra K. , Levy Ronald , Elias Joshua E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractImmunopeptidomes promise novel surface markers as ideal immunotherapy targets, but their characterization by mass spectrometry (MS) remains challenging. Until recently, cell numbers exceeding 109 were needed to survey thousands of HLA ligands. Such limited analytical sensitivity has historically constrained the types of clinical specimens that can be evaluated to cell cultures or bulk tissues. Measuring immunopeptidomes from purified cell subpopulations would be preferable for many applications, particularly those evaluating rare, primary hematopoietic cell lineages. Here, we test the feasibility of immunopeptidome profiling from limited numbers of primary purified human regulatory T cells (TReg), conventional T cells (Tconv), and activated T cells. The combined T cell immunopeptide dataset reported here contains 13 804 unique HLA ligands derived from 5049 proteins. Of these, more than 700 HLA ligands were derived from 82 proteins that we exclusively identified from TReg‐enriched cells. This study 1) demonstrates that primary, lineage‐enriched T cell subpopulations recovered from single donors are compatible with immunopeptidome analysis; 2) presents new TReg‐biased ligand candidates; and 3) supports immunopeptidome surveys' value for revealing T cell biology that may not be apparent from expression data alone. Taken together, these findings open up new avenues for targeting TReg and abrogating their suppressive functions to treat cancer.
Host‐mediated RNA interference targeting a cuticular protein gene impaired fecundity in the green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Authors: Bhatia Varnika , Bhattacharya Ramcharan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a devastating sap‐sucking insect pest that damages many host plants worldwide and causes billions of dollars of crop losses. Induction of RNA interference (RNAi) through oral feeding of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been demonstrated in aphids. Therefore, host‐mediated delivery of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) specific to vital structural genes of aphids has been envisaged as a tool for the development of resistance against this aphid species.RESULTSCuticular protein (CP) senses seasonal photoperiodism and drives a shift from clonal to sexual generation in aphids. Thus, attenuation of CP gene expression is likely to result in a different reproductive orientation in aphids and thereby affect their fecundity. A gene encoding CP in M. persicae has been targeted for RNAi‐mediated knockdown. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing dsRNA homologous to the MyCP gene was developed. The dsRNA‐transgenics produced gene‐specific siRNAs fed by aphids infesting the transgenics. A reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) study revealed an attenuated level of transcripts of the CP gene in aphid nymphs reared on the transgenic plants. Decreased expression of the CP gene resulted in a noticeable decline in aphid fecundity on the transgenic Arabidopsis plants.CONCLUSIONIncreasing genetic resistance is the only sustainable way of minimizing the use of toxic agrochemicals to protect plants. Host‐mediated RNAi of important insect genes has been proposed as a potential avenue for developing crop resistance against insect pests. This study demonstrated the potential of MyCP dsRNA in developing RNAi‐based resistance to M. persicae. RNAi‐mediated resistance is expected to be more durable compared with other transgenic strategies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Fixation of nitrous oxide (N2O) by 1, 4, 2, 5‐diazadiborinine: A DFT study
Authors: Ghara Manas , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe role of nitrous oxide (N2O) in stratospheric ozone depletion and as a greenhouse gas has inspired the scientific community across the globe in understanding the capture, activation, and decomposition of it. Very recently people have started fixing N2O using frustrated Lewis pairs. In this study, we have tried to analyze the fixation of N2O by 1,4,2,5‐diazadiborinine by applying various computational tools and techniques associated with density functional theory. 1,4,2,5‐Diazadiborinine is taken as the fixing agent because of the ambiphilic nature of the two boron centers within it as reported by Wang et al. There are three possible ways of binding of N2O within it as observed in this study. A free energy surface is also generated for the three possible paths representing their thermochemical as well as kinetic stability. The fixation of N2O may become possible using this species as demonstrated by the current results. The nature of bonding between them is also explored through NBO, EDA, and electron density analyses.
Recent computational studies on transition‐metal carbon–hydrogen bond activation of alkanes
Authors: Guan Jia , Zarić Snežana D , Brothers Edward N. , Hall Michael B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis review on computational studies of transition‐metal promoted CH activation of light linear alkanes will cover computational work published since 2010, following upon seminal reviews by Niu and Hall (Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 353), Vastine and Hall (Coord. Chem. Rev. 2009, 253, 1202), and Balcells et al. (Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 749). The computational studies are surveyed in terms of the mechanistic nature of the CH activation step (oxidative addition, σ‐bond metathesis, 1,2 addition, or electrophilic activation), the type of CH bond being activated (primary or secondary), and the effect of metal, ligand, and alkane size on the reaction process. In addition to the primary focus on theoretical mechanistic investigations via calculated thermodynamics and kinetics, this review aims to bridge the computational and experimental observations and to highlight the insights that computational chemistry delivers to understanding the nature of CH activation of linear alkanes mediated by transition metals.
Adaptive terminal angle constraint interception against maneuvering targets with fast fixed‐time convergence
Authors: Zhang Yao , Tang Shengjing , Guo Jie 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a modified adaptive fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode guidance law is proposed based on the theory of fixed‐time convergence, which is applied for intercepting maneuvering targets considering terminal angle constraint. The proposed guidance law achieves system stabilization within bounded settling time independent on initial conditions and provides no singularity and globally rapid convergence property by accelerating the convergence rate when the system is close to the origin. The upper bound of settling time can be obtained in advance by the controller's parameters. Besides, in order to achieve chattering‐free property, a continuous adaptive switching control is introduced and the achieved acceleration‐magnitude constraints are rigorously enforced. Finally, the fixed‐time convergence of the sliding mode manifold and the system states is demonstrated by Lyapunov stability theory. Extensive numerical simulations are presented to validate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed guidance law.
H∞ control of memristive neural networks with aperiodic sampling and actuator saturation
Authors: Wang Jinling , Jiang Haijun , Ma Tianlong , Hu Cheng 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe H∞ control problem for memristive neural networks with aperiodic sampling and actuator saturation is considered in this paper. A novel approach that is combined with the discrete‐time Lyapunov theorem and sampled‐data system is proposed to cope with the aperiodic sampling problem. On the basis of such method and choosing a polyhedral set, sufficient conditions to determine the ellipsoidal region of asymptotic stability and exponential stability for the estimation error system are obtained through a saturating sampled‐data control. Furthermore, H∞ performance index of memristive neural networks with disturbance is also analyzed, whereas the observer and controller gains are calculated from stability conditions of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the theoretical results is illustrated through the numerical examples.
Synergetic Exfoliation and Lateral Size Engineering of MoS2 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Yin Lisha , Hai Xiao , Chang Kun , Ichihara Fumihiko , Ye Jinhua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenerally, exfoliation is an efficient strategy to create more edge site so as to expose more active sites on molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). However, the lateral sizes of the resultant MoS2 monolayers are relatively large (≈50–500 nm), which retain great potential to release more active sites. To further enhance the catalytic performance of MoS2, a facile cascade centrifugation‐assisted liquid phase exfoliation method is introduced here to fabricate monolayer enriched MoS2 nanosheets with nanoscale lateral sizes. The as‐prepared MoS2 revealed a high monolayer yield of 36% and small average lateral sizes ranging from 42 to 9 nm under gradient centrifugations, all exhibiting superior catalytic performances toward photocatalytic H2 generation. Particularly, the optimized monolayer MoS2 with an average lateral size of 9 nm achieves an apparent quantum efficiency as high as 77.2% on cadmium sulphide at 420 nm. This work demonstrates that the catalytic performances of MoS2 could be dramatically enhanced by synergistic exfoliation and lateral size engineering as a result of increased density of active sites and shortened charge diffusion distance, paving a new way for design and fabrication of transition‐metal dichalcogenides‐based materials in the application of hydrogen generation.