bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-restricted feeding for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases in high-stress occupations: a mechanistic review
Authors: Waldman Hunter S , Renteria Liliana I , McAllister Matthew J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Factors such as shift work, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and irregular sleep patterns put men and women employed in high-stress occupations (e.g., firefighters, police officers) at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a new approach to combatting many of these diseases; it places an emphasis on when meals are consumed, rather than calorie content. By only manipulating the eating “window,” and without changing the food composition of the diet, research in rodent models has shown promising results that have health implications in people, such as obesity prevention, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, and cholesterol synthesis. Human trials remain limited and the current data are mixed with regard to TRF and improving health. Present findings suggest the timing of the feeding-fasting window, with feeding taking place in the waking hours and fasting in the evening hours, might offer the greatest benefit for improving cardiometabolic markers. Although additional human trials are needed, TRF might reset and synchronize metabolic “clocks” found throughout the body that are disturbed with obesity, shift work, and frequent eating. Therefore, TRF might offer an effective feeding-fasting paradigm with significant clinical implications for the management and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases observed in individuals in high-stress occupations in the United States and in the US population in general. This review outlines the current rodent and human evidence in these areas and the efficacy of TRF for improving human health.
Helicopter money: survey evidence on expectation formation and consumption behaviour
Authors: Djuric Uros , Neugart Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of helicopter money on expectations and economic outcomes are empirically largely unexplored. We fielded a representative survey among the German population, randomly assigning respondents to various unconventional monetary policy scenarios that raise household income. We find that in all policy treatments people spend almost 40% of the transfer, which is a non-trivial share that could increase aggregate demand. Policies do not raise inflation expectations. Differences in how transfers are implemented appear to be mostly irrelevant because of idiosyncratic behaviour by households that largely does not take into account general equilibrium effects and governments’ future policies.
The nth-order moment of the nuclear charge density and contribution from the neutrons
Authors: Kurasawa Haruki , Suzuki Toshio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe relativistic expression for the $n$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density is presented. For the mean square radius (msr) of the nuclear charge density, the non-relativistic expression, which is equivalent to the relativistic one, is also derived consistently up to $1/M^2$ with use of the Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. The difference between the relativistic and non-relativistic expressions for the msr of the point proton density is also discussed. The $n(\ge 4)$th-order moment of the nuclear charge density depends on the point neutron density. The fourth-order moment yields useful information on the msr of the point neutron density, and is expected to play an important role in electron scattering off neutron-rich nuclei.
Aerobic Exercise Recommendations to Optimize Best Practices in Care After Stroke: AEROBICS 2019 Update
Authors: MacKay-Lyons Marilyn , Billinger Sandra A , Eng Janice J , Dromerick Alex , Giacomantonio Nicholas , Hafer-Macko Charlene , Macko Richard , Nguyen Emily , Prior Peter , Suskin Neville , Tang Ada , Thornton Marianne , Unsworth Karen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Most stroke survivors have very low levels of cardiovascular fitness, which limits mobility and leads to further physical deconditioning, increased sedentary behavior, and heightened risk of recurrent stroke. Although clinical guidelines recommend that aerobic exercise be a part of routine stroke rehabilitation, clinical uptake has been suboptimal. In 2013, an international group of stroke rehabilitation experts developed a user-friendly set of recommendations to guide screening and prescription—the Aerobic Exercise Recommendations to Optimize Best Practices in Care after Stroke (AEROBICS 2013). The objective of this project was to update AEROBICS 2013 using the highest quality of evidence currently available. The first step was to conduct a comprehensive review of literature from 2012 to 2018 related to aerobic exercise poststroke. A working group of the original consensus panel members drafted revisions based on synthesis. An iterative process was used to achieve agreement among all panel members. Final revisions included: (1) addition of 115 new references to replace or augment those in the original AEROBICS document, (2) rewording of the original recommendations and supporting material, and (3) addition of 2 new recommendations regarding prescription. The quality of evidence from which these recommendations were derived ranged from low to high. The AEROBICS 2019 Update should make it easier for clinicians to screen for, and prescribe, aerobic exercise in stroke rehabilitation. Clinical implementation will not only help to narrow the gap between evidence and practice but also reduce current variability and uncertainty regarding the role of aerobic exercise in recovery after stroke.
The politics of exclusion: fighting for patients with Kidney failure in Yemen’s War
Authors: Heller Pérache André , Leeuwen Crystal van , Fall Chiara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
To contribute toward the dialogue on addressing non-communicable and chronic disease in humanitarian emergencies, this article will explore the experiences of Médecins Sans Frontières in attempting to find support for the haemodialysis network in Yemen. With the changing profile of the global disease burden and a broadening concept of emergency health needs to include chronic illness and disability, the aid sector has committed through the World Humanitarian Summit and the Sustainable Development Goals to leave no one behind and thus to meet the health needs of these previously excluded and highly vulnerable people. The civil war in Yemen compromised the medical supply chain supporting the health facilities providing dialysis for patients with end-stage renal disease. The article will critique the aid sector’s slow response to this issue and expose the gap between principles, commitments, and practice related to noncommunicable disease in emergencies.

Method
Following direct experiences from the authors as leaders in the aid response in Yemen, reviews of grey literature from aid and health actors in Yemen were conducted along with a review of literature and policy documents related to noncommunicable disease in emergency. Key informant interviews and press statements supported analysis and events that took place in the time span of roughly 4 years that frames this period of analysis.

Results
Examination of the impacted patient population, interviews, literature and documented events indicates that there is discord between policy, commitments stated by aid donors and practice.

Conclusion
The aid sector must use a more contextualised approach when designing programmes to manage the burden of non-communicable diseases in health contexts where crises occur, particularly for lifesaving forms of therapy. Aid agencies and the global health community must increase pressure on donors and implementing agencies to live up to their commitments to include these patient populations.
Transdiagnostic Dysfunctions in Brain Modules Across Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder: A Connectome-Based Study
Authors: Ma Qing , Tang Yanqing , Wang Fei , Liao Xuhong , Jiang Xiaowei , Wei Shengnan , Mechelli Andrea , He Yong , Xia Mingrui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD), share clinical and neurobiological features. Because previous investigations of functional dysconnectivity have mainly focused on single disorders, the transdiagnostic alterations in the functional connectome architecture of the brain remain poorly understood. We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 512 participants, including 121 with SCZ, 100 with BD, 108 with MDD, and 183 healthy controls. Individual functional brain connectomes were constructed in a voxelwise manner, and the modular architectures were examined at different scales, including (1) global modularity, (2) module-specific segregation and intra- and intermodular connections, and (3) nodal participation coefficients. The correlation of these modular measures with clinical scores was also examined. We reliably identify common alterations in modular organization in patients compared to controls, including (1) lower global modularity; (2) lower modular segregation in the frontoparietal, subcortical, visual, and sensorimotor modules driven by more intermodular connections; and (3) higher participation coefficients in several network connectors (the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and angular gyrus) and the thalamus. Furthermore, the alterations in the SCZ group are more widespread than those of the BD and MDD groups and involve more intermodular connections, lower modular segregation and higher connector integrity. These alterations in modular organization significantly correlate with clinical scores in patients. This study demonstrates common hyper-integrated modular architectures of functional brain networks among patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD. These findings reveal a transdiagnostic mechanism of network dysfunction across psychiatric disorders from a connectomic perspective.
Morphological Profiling of Schizophrenia: Cluster Analysis of MRI-Based Cortical Thickness Data
Authors: Pan Yunzhi , Pu Weidan , Chen Xudong , Huang Xiaojun , Cai Yan , Tao Haojuan , Xue Zhiming , Mackinley Michael , Limongi Roberto , Liu Zhening , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The diagnosis of schizophrenia is thought to embrace several distinct subgroups. The manifold entities in a single clinical patient group increase the variance of biological measures, deflate the group-level estimates of causal factors, and mask the presence of treatment effects. However, reliable neurobiological boundaries to differentiate these subgroups remain elusive. Since cortical thinning is a well-established feature in schizophrenia, we investigated if individuals (patients and healthy controls) with similar patterns of regional cortical thickness form naturally occurring morphological subtypes. K-means algorithm clustering was applied to regional cortical thickness values obtained from 256 structural MRI scans (179 patients with schizophrenia and 77 healthy controls [HCs]). GAP statistics revealed three clusters with distinct regional thickness patterns. The specific patterns of cortical thinning, clinical characteristics, and cognitive function of each clustered subgroup were assessed. The three clusters based on thickness patterns comprised of a morphologically impoverished subgroup (25% patients, 1% HCs), an intermediate subgroup (47% patients, 46% HCs), and an intact subgroup (28% patients, 53% HCs). The differences of clinical features among three clusters pertained to age-of-onset, N-back performance, duration exposure to treatment, total burden of positive symptoms, and severity of delusions. Particularly, the morphologically impoverished group had deficits in N-back performance and less severe positive symptom burden. The data-driven neuroimaging approach illustrates the occurrence of morphologically separable subgroups in schizophrenia, with distinct clinical characteristics. We infer that the anatomical heterogeneity of schizophrenia arises from both pathological deviance and physiological variance. We advocate using MRI-guided stratification for clinical trials as well as case–control investigations in schizophrenia.
PROS: The Programme for the Reform of the Law on Soliciting, 1976–1982
Authors: Connell Kieran 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the late 1970s, a campaign was mounted to reform the legal landscape faced by sex workers, which had remained unaltered since a series of recommendations made in the Wolfenden Report were implemented by the government two decades earlier. While Wolfenden is commonly associated with the arrival of Britain’s ‘permissive’ 1960s, when it came to the issue of prostitution, it helped usher in even more restrictive conditions for sex workers. This article looks at attempts to challenge this status quo by focusing on the Programme for the Reform of the Law on Soliciting (PROS), which was founded in Birmingham in 1976 and became one of the most visible groups advocating for a change in the law. Its activities culminated with the 1982 Criminal Justice Act, which ostensibly abandoned the policy of imprisoning prostitutes on soliciting offences. The case of PROS, I argue, offers a further reminder of the afterlife of the liberalizing ethos associated with the 1960s. Moreover, it provides a different way of engaging with a historical conjuncture more commonly associated with themes such as rising individualism, the fragmentation of left-wing activism, and the arrival of Thatcherism.
No longer failing to treat heart failure
Authors: Parch Jonathan , Powell Chloe 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Heart failure is a leading cause of hospital admissions and death in the United States and worldwide. In 2016, the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Heart Failure Society of America released a joint focused guideline update for the management of patients with Stage C heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. An additional update released in 2017 reinforces the 2016 update's strong recommendation for substituting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers with an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor to reduce morbidity and mortality in selected patients. The 2017 and 2016 updates also support adding a sinoatrial node modulator to further reduce heart rates in patients already maximized on beta-blocker therapy. These innovative therapies can significantly improve patients' quality of life and reduce the healthcare costs associated with managing heart failure.
Mental health first aid training
Authors: Kolmetz Melodie J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Mental Health First Aid course, from the National Council for Behavioral Health in partnership with the Missouri Department of Mental Health, is an 8-hour course that teaches participants how to identify, understand, and respond to signs of mental illnesses and substance use disorders. Sixteen PAs took the course and hope to build a PA network of MHFA trainers.
Atrial tumor thrombus
Authors: Leong Kevin , Kuppasani Kishore , Pyrsopoulos Nikoloas 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus metastasis to the right atrium is rare, generally considered inoperable, and has a poor prognosis. This article describes the management of two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and incidental findings of tumor thrombus invasion into the right atrium.
Associations between professional development benefits and PA career satisfaction
Authors: Wilson Adam B. , Furman Janet , Orozco Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study investigated how professional development benefits offered by employers directly correlate to self-perceptions of leadership potential, committee involvement, and career satisfaction among physician assistants (PAs).

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of the 2015 AAPA National Survey and 2016 AAPA Salary Survey explored the associations between the aforementioned variables. Bivariate correlations were used to evaluate the associations between variables.

Results:
Self-perceived leadership attributes were found to be mildly and positively correlated with the number of committees a PA was involved in (P < .001; correlation coefficient (CC) = 0.245). Of the investigated factors, only leadership potential was significantly correlated with career satisfaction (P ≤ .001; CC = 0.059). The proportion of professional development fees, memberships, and expenses covered by employers had no bearing on career satisfaction (P = .438).

Conclusions:
Irrespective of the benefits received, PAs were satisfied with their careers. Intrinsic rewards may have a greater positive association with career satisfaction than extrinsic benefits alone.
Killer amoebas
Authors: Cooper Amanda Marie , Aouthmany Shaza , Shah Kruti , Rega Paul P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri is a rare and deadly disease that requires prompt treatment with multiple therapies. Although N. fowleri previously was only found in warmer areas, climate change appears to be contributing to its geographic spread. Clinicians should consider PAM when faced with a patient with meningitis, especially if the patient participates in outdoor water activities or practices nasal rinsing.
ECMO as a rescue therapy for cardiogenic shock and a bridge to LVAD
Authors: Freeman Michelle , Lee Marshall 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This article describes a patient who presented with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction that quickly developed into acute cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional medical therapy. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used to manage the patient's heart failure and bridge to a long-term left ventricular assist device.
Leber congenital amaurosis in a young female
Authors: Connelly Abigail M. , Grosel John M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Leber congenital amaurosis is a rare congenital disorder caused by a mutation in any of several different genes that causes rod-cone dystrophy and may eventually lead to blindness. Characteristic findings on fundoscopic examination include retinal pigment migration and macular atrophy. Confirmation can be obtained using electroretinograms and the specific gene can be identified with genetic testing. No treatment is available, but multiple clinical trials are underway.
The Apolipoprotein Allele and Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Older Community-Dwelling Adults in Australia
Authors: Sarant Julia Z. , Bowe Steven J. , McEvoy Mark , Attia John 
Published: October 2019

Objectives:
Previous research has investigated whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ϵ4 allele, which is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline, is also associated with hearing loss in older people. Results of the very limited research to date are conflicting, and sample sizes for all but one study were small. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between the APOE ϵ4 allele and hearing loss in a large, population-based sample of community-dwelling older adults.

Design:
Cross-sectional audiometric data on hearing levels and APOE genotypes for 2006 participants (aged 55 to 85 years) of the Hunter Community Study were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine the association between APOE ϵ4 carrier status and the 4-frequency pure-tone average (0.5 to 4 kHz) in the better hearing ear, and also across individual frequencies in the better ear.

Results:
Observed and expected APOE allele frequency distributions did not differ significantly overall from established general population allele frequency distributions. Unadjusted modeling using better ear pure-tone average showed a statistically significant association between APOE ϵ4 allele status (0, 1, 2 copies) and reduced hearing loss, but when the model was adjusted for age, this was no longer statistically significant. Across individual hearing frequencies, unadjusted regression modeling showed APOE ϵ4 status was significantly associated with a reduction in mean hearing thresholds at 1 and 2 kHz, but again this effect was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for age.

Conclusions:
The results of this study did not provide any evidence of a statistically significant association between APOE ϵ4 allele status and hearing loss for older adults. Further investigation of the effect of homozygous carrier status on hearing thresholds is required.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Incidental Vertebral Marrow Signal Abnormality in Thoracolumbar Spine MRI
Authors: Carlson Hans L. , Thompson Austin R. , Pettersson David R. , Goodwin Brady , Deloughery Thomas G. , Carlson Nels L. , Marshall Lynn M. 
Published: October 2019

Study Design.
A cross-sectional study.

Objective.
This study investigates the prevalence of incidental vertebral marrow signal abnormality (VMSA) in thoracolumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ordered for the evaluation of back and/or leg pain and assess the clinical work-up for VMSAs.

Summary of Background Data.
Patients presenting with back pain are often referred for spine MRI for diagnostic evaluation. VMSA is most frequently found in the lumbar spine and is of clinical concern because it can represent malignancy. Standardized procedures for reporting and managing VMSAs do not exist.

Methods.
The radiology database at the Oregon Health & Science University health system was queried to identify patients with thoracolumbar spine MRI scans performed between January 2014 and June 2016. Patients 16 years or older with MRIs ordered by providers at a multidisciplinary spine specialty clinic for the diagnostic evaluation of back and/or leg pain were included. Radiology reports were searched for keywords pertaining to VMSAs, such as “malignancy.” Medical records of these patients were further reviewed for the clinical work-up and final diagnoses pertaining to the VMSA.

Results.
The study sample included 1503 individual patients, of whom 65 (4%) had MRI radiology reports that described a VMSA. Thirty-one (48%) of the 65 patients with VMSAs had further evaluation recommended by radiology. Ten (32%) of these 31 patients were followed clinically without further diagnostic testing for the VMSA. Of the 65 patients with VMSAs, only one was diagnosed with malignancy (multiple myeloma).

Conclusion.
While VMSAs are not frequently found on thoracolumbar MRIs ordered to evaluate back and/or leg pain, there is a large amount of heterogeneity in how these abnormalities are documented and managed. This may indicate the need for clinical guidelines for the reporting and management of VMSAs detected on spine MRI and for improvement in communication between radiologists and ordering providers.

Level of Evidence: 3