bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms associated with tiller suppression under stagnant flooding in rice
Authors: Zhu Guanglong , Chen Yutiao , Ella Evangelina S. , Ismail Abdelbagi M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStagnant flooding (SF) during vegetative growth triggers stem elongation usually at the cost of tiller production in rice, reducing grain yield. To explore physiological mechanisms associated with tillering suppression under SF, three contrasting genotypes (Swarna and Swarna‐Sub1, both sensitive and IRRI154, tolerant) were evaluated under standing water depths of 0, 5, 30 and 50 cm. SF significantly suppressed tiller formation but increased plant height, root biomass, shoot elongation (ratio of plant height before and after flooding), leaf emergency and non‐structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration (in root–shoot junction) in all genotypes at the early stage of development. Chlorophyll concentration in the upper leaves (upper most fully expanded leaf at top) was higher than in lower leaves (lowest green leaf at base), but decreased under SF in both. SF increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at the early stage of treatment, with concomitant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) production by stems and leaves. MDA concentration in root–shoot junction increased but delayed. Tiller number correlated negatively with plant height, shoot elongation, leaf emergency, MDA concentration in leaves and root–shoot junction, root biomass, and NSC concentration in the root–shoot junction. The results suggested existence of compensatory mechanisms between tiller growth and shoot elongation in rice for resilience under SF, where energy is mainly diverted for shoot elongation to escape flooding. The SF‐tolerant genotype produced less H2O2 and maintained energy balance for higher survival and better growth under stagnant flooding.
Forecasted homogenization of high Arctic vegetation communities under climate change
Authors: Stewart Lærke , Simonsen Caroline E. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Schmidt Niels Martin , Pellissier Loïc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimClimate change results in increasing temperature and modified precipitation regimes in the High Arctic. Models can help anticipate the consequences on future biotic dynamics, e.g. vegetation. In rugged terrain, forecasts should consider fine‐scale spatial variability in environmental conditions that are proximally linked to plant performance. Here, we forecasted Arctic plant community response to future climate change using high‐resolution environmental variables.LocationZackenberg in the High Arctic of Greenland.MethodsUsing a combination of remote‐sensing data and field measurements, we interpolated soil moisture and temperature at 1 m resolution together with spatial data on snow cover and solar radiation. We calibrated stacked species distribution models (S‐SDMs) with data from 200 vegetation plots. To explore the sensitivity of Arctic communities to climate change, we forecasted these models under simulated increases in temperature and changes (positive or negative) in snow cover and soil moisture, corresponding to more winter and/or summer precipitation and higher frequencies of summer droughts.ResultsS‐SDMs associated with high‐resolution environmental variables were able to reproduce the spatial variation in species richness and plant community structure along a mountain slope in Zackenberg. Model forecasts under climate change revealed that most species reacted to a combination of changes in soil moisture and temperature, and changes in these two variables resulted in an extensive restructuring of the distributions of species assemblages. In most scenarios, a gradual homogenization of communities was forecasted due to shrub expansion.Main conclusionsIncreasing temperatures and altered soil moisture were predicted to turn the currently highly heterogeneous tundra landscape at Zackenberg into homogenous dwarf‐shrub tundra. Such homogenization of vegetation communities may have profound ramifications for species, interaction webs, and ecosystem processes via modifications to the surface albedo, energy and water balance, as well as snow accumulation and permafrost.
Australian dryland soils are acidic and nutrient‐depleted, and have unique microbial communities compared with other drylands
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Maestre Fernando T. , Koen Terry B. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo compare Australian dryland soils with dryland soils globally.LocationAustralian and global drylands.MethodsWe used data from standardized surveys of soil properties (C, N, and P content and stoichiometry, and pH) and microbes (diversity, composition, and correlation networks) from Australian and global drylands, which occupy three‐quarters of the Australian land mass and are the largest biome on Earth.ResultsWe found that Australian dryland soils were different, exhibiting characteristics of ancient weathered soils. They had lower pH, total and available P, and total N, and greater C:N and C:P ratios than global dryland soils. Australian soils had distinctive microbial community composition and diversity, with more Proteobacteria and fewer Basidiomycota than global dryland soils, and promoted the abundance of specific microbial phylotypes including pathogens, mycorrhizae, and saprobes.Main conclusionsAustralian dryland soils are clearly different from dryland soils elsewhere. These differences need to be considered when managing dryland soils to avoid unreasonable expectations about plant productivity and carbon stocks, or when predicting likely changes in ecosystem processes resulting from global environmental change.
Significance of plasma MACC1 levels on the prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Aifen , Zhang Rui‐Li , Zhang Xia , He Xiao‐Fang , Zhang Jian‐Gang , Yan Wei‐Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe clinical significance of metastasis‐associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) has been investigated but the relevance of peripheral MACC1 levels was rather limited. Herein, our data revealed that plasma MACC1 levels in 117 colorectal cancer patients (CRC) were dramatically higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.001), and with a strong discrimination power between the two groups (AUC = 0.960, P < 0.001). Moreover, MACC1 is an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. When clinical parameters stratified by MACC1low and MACC1high, MACC1 levels exhibited further significant predictive value. Summary, plasma MACC1 levels could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarker, and could improve the prognostic value of traditional prognosticators for colorectal cancer patients.
Healing kinetics of oral soft tissue wounds treated with recombinant epidermal growth factor: Translation from a canine model
Authors: Ben Amara Heithem , Thoma Daniel S. , Schwarz Frank , Song Hyun Young , Capetillo Joseph , Koo Ki‐Tae 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether or not topically administered recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) accelerates the early healing phase of oral soft tissue wounds.MethodsOne day following the creation of palatal defects (n = 6/animal), 14 dogs were allocated to one of the following five groups: spontaneous healing (SH), vehicle ointment (V), vehicle ointment + rhEGF at concentrations of 1 μg/g (EGF1), 10 μg/g (EGF10) or 50 μg/g (EGF50). Topical administration of ointments was repeated twice per day until sacrifice at days 8 and 16. Wound area was clinically monitored. Keratinocytes proliferation (Ki67‐immunolabelling), inflammatory response (IR) and areas of collagen (C) and granulation tissue (GT) were histologically measured. Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunnett correction was used for multiple group statistical comparisons.ResultsClinically, in comparison with SH, a significantly smaller wound area was observed in groups EGF1 and EGF10 at day 8 (p < 0.05). At day 16, wound closure reached 97.8% in group EGF1 compared to 83.2% in group SH, albeit no statistically different. Histologically, at day 8, significantly more GT was observed in group EGF10 compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). At day 16, in addition to a higher Ki67‐immunolabelling, groups EGF1 and EGF10 demonstrated a significant decrease in GT and IR with more deposition of C compared to the other groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionApplication of rhEGF enhanced the early healing of acute oral soft tissue wounds compared to SH, predominantly at concentrations of 1 and 10 μg/g.
Assessment of cross‐protection to heterologous strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum following vaccination with a live‐attenuated coldwater disease immersion vaccine
Authors: Ma Jie , Bruce Timothy J. , Sudheesh Ponnerassery S. , Knupp Christopher , Loch Thomas P. , Faisal Mohamed , Cain Kenneth D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBacterial coldwater disease, caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum, remains one of the most significant bacterial diseases of salmonids worldwide. A previously developed and reported live‐attenuated immersion vaccine (F. psychrophilum; B.17‐ILM) has been shown to confer significant protection to salmonids. To further characterize this vaccine, a series of experiments were carried out to determine the cross‐protective efficacy of this B.17‐ILM vaccine against 9 F. psychrophilum isolates (representing seven sequence types/three clonal complexes as determined by multilocus sequence typing) in comparison with a wild‐type virulent strain, CSF‐259‐93. To assess protection, 28‐day experimental challenges of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry were conducted following immersion vaccinations with the B.17‐ILM vaccine. F. psychrophilum strains used in challenge trials were isolated from several fish species across the globe; however, all were found to be virulent in rainbow trout. The B.17‐ILM vaccine provided significant protection against all strains, with relative percent survival values ranging from 51% to 72%. All vaccinated fish developed an adaptive immune response (as measured by F. psychrophilum‐specific antibodies) that increased out to the time of challenge (8 weeks postimmunization). Previous studies have confirmed that antibody plays an important role in protection against F. psychrophilum challenge; therefore, specific antibodies to the B.17‐ILM vaccine strain appear to contribute to the cross‐protection observed to heterologous strain. The ability of such antibodies to bind to similar antigenic regions for all strains was confirmed by western blot analyses. Results presented here support the practical application of this live‐attenuated vaccine, and suggest that it will be efficacious even in aquaculture operations affected by diverse strains of F. psychrophilum.
Effect of pancreas disease caused by SAV 2 on protein and fat digestion in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Røsæg Magnus Vikan , Rimstad Espen , Guttvik Arne , Skjelstad Bård , Bendiksen Eldar Åsgard , Garseth Åse Helen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSalmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and exocrine pancreas tissue is a primary target of the virus. Digestive enzymes secreted by the exocrine pancreas break down macromolecules in feed into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. The effect of SAV infection on digestion has been poorly studied. In this study, longitudinal observations of PD outbreaks caused by SAV subtype 2 (SAV2) in Atlantic salmon at two commercial sea sites were performed. The development of PD was assessed by measurement of SAV2 RNA load and evaluation of histopathological lesions typical of PD. Reduced digestion of both protein and fat co‐varied with the severity of PD lesions and viral load. Also, the study found that during a PD outbreak, the pen population comprise several subpopulations, with different likelihoods of being sampled. The body length of sampled fish deviated from the expected increase or steady state over time, and the infection status in sampled fish deviated from the expected course of infection in the population. Both conditions indicate that disease status of the individual fish influenced the likelihood of being sampled, which may cause sampling bias in population studies.
Effect of fruit moving speed on online prediction of soluble solids content of apple using Vis/NIR diffuse transmission
Authors: Xia Yu , Huang Wenqian , Fan Shuxiang , Li Jiangbo , Chen Liping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe effect of fruit moving speed on online prediction of soluble solids content (SSC) of “Fuji” apples based on visible and near‐infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy was studied. Diffuse transmission spectra between 615 and 1,045 nm were collected with a commercial online system at speeds of 0.3 m/s (S1), 0.5 m/s (S2), and 0.7 m/s (S3). Compensation models for SSC of each speed alone (local models) and all speeds (global model) were established using partial least squares (PLS). For global model, spectra of each sample were divided into three parts (P1, P2, and P3), three kinds of spectra partition combinations (P12, P13, and P23) were established. Results showed that S3 performed better and the influence of speed on spectra greatly affected SSC evaluation accuracy between local models. Comparatively, global model was insensitive to fruit moving speed variation and effective wavelengths (EWs) selected by competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) after Savitzky–Golay smoothing (SGS) achieved better results than local models. Importantly, 36 EWs selected by CARS after SGS of global‐P13 model achieved the best results with rp and RMSEP of 0.8419, 0.8895, 0.8948 and 0.6281, 0.5318, 0.5196°Brix, respectively. Generally, global‐P13 model with EWs is promisingly applied to online SSC prediction of apple by Vis/NIR diffuse transmission.Practical applicationsIt is of great value to study nondestructive and rapid methods for detecting apple SSC to meet the ever‐growing needs of consumers for continuous supply and high‐quality fruit. The methods and results in this study can provide basic references for Vis/NIR diffuse transmittance online detection of SSC of “Fuji” apple about fruit moving speed variation and model simplification. It is of great social value for developing a real‐time evaluation system of apple SSC in postharvest treatment or focusing on quality changing in storage shelf.
The efficacy of a novel percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy simulator using three‐dimensional printing technologies
Authors: Na Hee Kyong , Ahn Ji Yong , Lee Gin Hyug , Lee Jeong Hoon , Kim Do Hoon , Jung Kee Wook , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and AimWe developed a novel training simulator for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and determined its efficacy and realism in PEG insertion training.MethodsThe gastrostomy simulator was made using three‐dimensional printing and silicone molding technology. The simulator is of two types: pull type and introducer type. We enrolled 20 participants, comprising 10 beginners with no experience of PEG insertion and 10 PEG‐experienced endoscopists. Each participant underwent two training sessions for the two simulator types. We recorded the simulation time, self‐evaluation, and difficulty score based on a 5‐score scale for PEG insertion among the participants. Subsequently, simulator performance was assessed via a questionnaire based on a 7‐point Likert scale.ResultsThe mean time to completion of PEG simulation decreased from 11.9 (5.2) to 9.0 (4.0) min for the pull type and from 13.8 (7.0) to 12.0 (5.8) min for the introducer type in the beginner group. The mean self‐evaluation scores of beginners increased from 2.2 (1.1) to 3.1 (0.7) (pull type) and from 2.2 (1.2) to 3.3 (0.8) (introducer type). The mean procedure difficulty scores of beginners decreased from 3.4 (1.1) to 2.7 (0.9) (pull type) and from 4.4 (0.5) to 3.0 (0.8) (introducer type). The improvement of skill score was 6.3 (1.2) for the beginner group. The general realism score of the simulator for handling was judged to be 6.0 (0.9) by the experienced group.ConclusionsThe three‐dimensional‐printed simulator for PEG insertion can be useful for training of beginner endoscopists and shows good efficacy and realism.
Trends in patient outcome over the past two decades following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukaemia: an ALWP/EBMT analysis
Authors: Canaani J. , Beohou E. , Labopin M. , Ghavamzadeh A. , Beelen D. , Hamladji R.‐M. , Niederwieser D. , Volin L. , Markiewicz M. , Arnold R. , Mufti G. , Ehninger G. , Socié G. , Kröger N. , Mohty M. , Nagler A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) have significantly improved in recent years.ObjectivesTo assess the incremental improvement of transplanted AML patients in the last two decades.MethodsPatients included in this analysis were adult AML patients who underwent allo‐SCT from an HLA‐matched sibling donor (MSD) or HLA‐matched unrelated donor (MUD) in first remission. Patient outcomes were assessed between three cohorts according to the year of transplant (1993–2002, 2003–2007 and 2008–2012).ResultsThe analysis comprised a total of 20 187 patients of whom 4763 were transplanted between 1993 and 2002, 5835 in 2003 and 2007, and 9589 in 2008 and 2012. In multivariate analysis, leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) rates were significantly improved in more recently transplanted patients compared to patients transplanted in 1993–2002 [Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.84, confidence interval (CI) 95%, 0.77–0.92; P = 0.003], a benefit which also extended to improved overall survival (OS; HR = 0.8, CI 95%, 0.73–0.89; P < 0.0001), and decreased nonrelapse mortality (NRM) rates (HR = 0.65, CI 95%, 0.56–0.75; P < 0.0001). Subset analysis revealed that in MSD, the rates of LFS, NRM and OS significantly improved in patients in the more recent cohort with similar results also seen in MUD. Finally, the incidence of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was significantly reduced leading to improved GVHD‐free/relapse‐free survival (GRFS) rates in more recently transplanted patients.ConclusionOutcome of allo‐SCT for AML patients has markedly improved in the last two decades owing to decreased nonrelapse mortality and improved rates of leukaemia‐free survival resulting in significantly longer survival.
Maternal Opioid Use Disorder and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Among Rural US Residents, 2007–2014
Authors: Kozhimannil Katy B. , Chantarat Tongtan , Ecklund Alexandra M. , Henning‐Smith Carrie , Jones Cresta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeOpioid use disorder (OUD) during pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and infant outcomes, including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), and both maternal OUD and NAS are increasing disproportionately among rural residents. This study describes the trajectory and characteristics associated with diagnosis of maternal OUD or NAS among rural residents who gave birth at different types of hospitals based on rural/urban location and teaching status.MethodsHospital discharge data from the all‐payer National Inpatient Sample were used to describe maternal OUD and infant NAS among rural residents from 2007–2014. Hospitals were categorized as rural, urban teaching, and urban nonteaching. We estimated incidence trends by hospital categories, followed by multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify correlates of OUD and NAS among rural residents, stratified by hospital category.FindingsIncidence of maternal OUD increased in all hospital categories, with higher rates (8.9/1,000 deliveries) among rural residents who gave birth at urban teaching hospitals compared with those who gave birth at rural hospitals (4.3/1,000 deliveries) or urban nonteaching hospitals (3.6/1,000 deliveries; P < .001). A similar pattern was observed for infant NAS. In multivariable models, the association between maternal OUD and infant NAS diagnoses and hospital category differed by rurality (micropolitan vs. noncore.)ConclusionsThere has been a sustained increase in both maternal OUD and NAS diagnoses among rural residents. Measured sociodemographic and clinical correlates of maternal OUD and NAS differ by hospital category, indicating variability across hospital locations in patient populations and clinical needs for rural residents with these conditions.
Serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in dogs diagnosed with suspected meningoencephalitis in the UK
Authors: Coelho A. M. , Cherubini G. , De Stefani A. , Negrin A. , Gutierrez‐Quintana R. , Bersan E. , Guevar J. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of antibodies toToxoplasma gondiiandNeospora caninumin a population of dogs with a diagnosis of suspected inflammatory meningoencephalitis.Materials and MethodsMedical records of three referral centres were reviewed from 2008 to 2016 to identify a cohort of dogs diagnosed and treated for suspected inflammatory meningoencephalitis after testing for evidence of exposure to these pathogens.ResultsIn our sample of 400 dogs the prevalence for exposure (IgG>1:50) toToxoplasma gondiiwas 8/201 (3∙98%). Active infection (IgG titre >1:400 or/and an IgM titre >1:64 and/or positive PCR in CSF) was suspected in 1/400 (0∙25%). The prevalence for exposure [Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titre >1:50] and active infection (IFA titres ≥⃒1:400 and/or positive PCR in CSF) withNeospora caninumwere 14/201 (6∙96%) and 9/400 (2∙25%), respectively.Clinical SignificanceIn view of the low prevalence of protozoan infections, the risk associated with starting immunosuppressive medication in dogs with evidence of inflammatory meningitis or encephalitis in the UK appears low.
From pathogen to endophyte: an endophytic population of Verticillium dahliae evolved from a sympatric pathogenic population
Authors: Wheeler David Linnard , Dung Jeremiah Kam Sung , Johnson Dennis Allen 
Published: October 2018

Summary

The fungus Verticillium dahliae causes wilts of several hundred plant species, including potato and mint. Verticillium spp. also colonize sympatric hosts such as mustards and grasses as endophytes. The evolutionary history of and interactions between pathogenic and endophytic of this fungus are unknown.

Verticillium dahliae isolates recovered from sympatric potato, mint, mustard and grasses were characterized genotypically with microsatellite markers and phenotypically for pathogenicity. The evolutionary history of pathogenic and endophytic populations was reconstructed and gene flow between populations quantified.

Verticillium dahliae was recovered from all hosts. Endophytic populations were genetically and genotypically similar to but marginally differentiated from the potato population, from which they evolved. Bidirectional migration was detected between these populations and endophytic isolates were pathogenic to potato and behaved as endophytes in mustard and barley.

Verticillium dahliae colonizes plants as both endophytes and pathogens. A historical host‐range expansion together with endophytic and pathogenic capabilities are likely to have enabled infection of and gene flow between asymptomatic and symptomatic host populations despite minor differentiation. The ability of hosts to harbor asymptomatic infections and the stability of asymptomatic infections over time warrants investigation to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of endophytism and pathogenesis.