bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Patterns of Extreme Precipitation and Urban Signatures in Metropolitan Areas
Authors: Zhang Yongyong , Pang Xuan , Xia Jun , Shao Quanxi , Yu Entao , Zhao Tongtiegang , She Dunxian , Sun Jianqi , Yu Jingjie , Pan Xinyao , Zhai Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObservations show that metropolitan areas throughout China, which are experiencing rapid urbanization, may have enhanced extreme precipitation. However, the underlying urban‐induced mechanism is poorly understood, particularly for entire characteristics of extreme precipitation. Focusing on the Beijing metropolitan area, we investigate regional patterns of extreme precipitation characterized by magnitude, frequency, duration, and timing metrics according to daily observations from 1975 to 2015 at 20 weather stations. Urbanization effects are explored by physical metrics of urbanization, including area, complexity, fragmentation, and dominance deduced from five periods of land use maps. Results show that the magnitudes and frequencies of extreme precipitation have decreased over time, the consecutive precipitation days have been extended, and the Julian date of maximum precipitation has been delayed. Temporal trends at ~40% of weather stations are significant. According to precipitation metrics and geographical features, three representative regions are identified: the central urban region, the windward slope of topographic area, and the mountainous region. Compared with the metrics in mountainous region, the magnitudes of windward slope and central urban region are 24.3–60.6% and 5.9–47.3% greater, respectively; the frequencies are increased by 1.17 and 1.10 days, respectively; and the average date of maximum precipitation values are delayed by 7.0 and 4.0 days, respectively. The magnitudes and frequencies are enhanced by expansion of urban area, complexity, fragmentation, dominance, and heat islands. The durations are positive for urban area and dominance but negative for urban complexity, fragmentation, and heat islands. Furthermore, the effects in central urban region are more significant due to high urbanization rates.
The Influence of Sediment‐Derived Dissolved Organic Matter in the Vistula River Estuary/Gulf of Gdansk
Authors: Reader Heather E. , Thoms Franziska , Voss Maren , Stedmon Colin A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) concentrations in sediment porewaters are often orders of magnitude higher than in the overlying water column resulting in a diffusive flux of DOM from sediments. The intensity and fate of this DOM flux is poorly understood. The Gulf of Gdansk in the Southern Baltic Sea is dominated by the Vistula River, one of the largest and most anthropogenically impacted rivers in the Baltic Sea catchment. The sediment characteristics of the region are varied, from mixed sandy conditions near shore to mud sediments in the Gdansk Deep. We investigated the significance of sediment‐derived DOM in the Gulf of Gdansk in comparison to that supplied by the river. Sediment‐derived DOM in the region was found to have an organic matter fluorescence signature distinct from the DOM in the water column. The visible wavelength fluorescence could be used to distinguish organic matter from near shore sediments influenced by riverine sources and organic matter from deeper offshore sediments, influenced by more pelagic sources. Ultraviolet‐A wavelength fluorescence dominated the sediment flux but was rapidly removed in bottom waters suggesting that it may contribute to bottom water oxygen consumption. While there is potential for DOM fluxes from sediments in the Gulf of Gdansk, the high background pelagic concentration of DOM in these waters and the much stronger influence of the Vistula River can mask the contributions from sediments.
Water Mass Versus Sea Level Effects on Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Isotope Ratios in the Atlantic Ocean During the LGM
Authors: Völpel R. , Mulitza S. , Paul A. , Lynch‐Stieglitz J. , Schulz M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDepth transects of benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes from the Atlantic Ocean show that glacial‐interglacial changes are larger at deep (> ~2,000 m) than at intermediate water levels. Our model results suggest that the smaller changes in the upper 1,000 m of the water column are a result of the glacial sea level lowering of about 120 m, leading to warmer temperatures of around 1 °C and hence a smaller glacial‐interglacial stable oxygen isotope difference. In contrast, a shoaling of the water mass boundary to ~2,000‐m water depth between the northern and southern source waters is caused by the expansion of a cold (close to the freezing point) southern source water in the abyssal ocean, increasing the oxygen isotope values of benthic foraminifera from the Last Glacial Maximum in the deep Atlantic. These two effects explain the different amplitudes of glacial‐interglacial stable oxygen isotope differences in the upper and deeper water column of the Atlantic Ocean.
Investigation of prevention of mother to child HIV transmission program from 2011 to 2017 in Suzhou, China
Authors: Gong Tian , Wang Huiying , He Xiuyu , Liu Juning , Wu Qianlan , Wang Jing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe vertical transmission of HIV, from mother to child remains one of the biggest challenges all over the world. This study evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT) program from 2011 to 2017 in Suzhou. A total of 107 HIV positive women were enrolled in the program, of which 11 were diagnosed through premarital examination, and 96 women were diagnosed through prenatal examination. Among the 96 pregnant women, 67 gave birth to 68 live neonates. Only one infant was diagnosed HIV infected because the HIV positive mother did not enter the PMTCT program until delivery. The HIV prevalence in Suzhou city showed a low-level tendency. To increase the prenatal health utility and antiretroviral medication compliance of the migrant population in Suzhou, there are improvements to make in order to achieve the 90-90-90 targets.
New equivalent circuit model of UHVDC converter transformer winding for surge propagation investigation
Authors: He Shuang , Liu Yuhao , Zhao Zheng , Li Chenjie , Wang Yifeng , Ren Ziyuan , Qian Hai , Deng Jun 
Published: December 2018

An accurate computational model of transformer winding for potential distribution analysis under impulse voltage is very important for the design of transformer inter‐turn insulation, especially for large capacity transformers such as ultrahigh‐voltage DC (UHVDC) converter transformer. Quite a lot of equivalent circuit models for transformer winding have been proposed assuming that the influence of magnetic core is negligible at frequencies >10 kHz, which is not always valid in practice. Lightning impulse or very fast transient overvoltage waveforms usually contain abundant frequency components >10 kHz. To obtain a more accurate model, here, a new equivalent circuit representation of UHVDC converter transformer winding is given taking into consideration of comprehensive frequency characteristic of core lamination stack. Taking account of the skin effect, the equivalent relative permeability of lamination stack are investigated and implemented in the calculation of frequency‐dependent parameters such as resistance, self‐inductance, and mutual inductance. The equivalent circuit model is realised in ATP and the surge propagation process in the winding; the winding potential distribution under transient overvoltage is studied carefully. The representation of the iron core loss in the equivalent circuit is discussed. The new proposed model may provide more accurate winding potential distribution prediction for transformer inter‐turn insulation design.
Optimal planning of renewable energy source and energy storage in a medium‐ and low‐voltage distributed AC/DC system in China
Authors: Huang Lei , Chen Zexin , Cui Qiong , Zhang Jiyuan , Wang Hao , Shu Jie 
Published: December 2018

As the quantity of DC load and distributed generation system increases in China, AC/DC distribution system is arousing more and more research interest for its high‐efficiency distribution ability. In this study, the optimal size and location of renewable energy source (RES) and energy storage in a medium‐ and low‐voltage distributed AC/DC system is studied. A modelling method for the optimisation of such hybrid AC/DC system is developed. The objective of the proposed optimisation method is to minimise the life cycle cost of the system with consideration of the life span of RES. The planning method is based on energy balances and constraints of system operation. The utility requirements and subsidy in China for such system are also considered in the planning process. The method is demonstrated in a 10 kV and low‐voltage distributed AC/DC system considering installing photovoltaic system, wind turbines, and electric storage system. The provided results indicate that the method is effective and applicable for the optimisation of the size and location of RES in distributed AC/DC system. The life cycle cost of such system is significantly reduced with the subsidy of the Chinese government compared with the system without RES.
Photoionization models for extreme Lyα λ1216 and Hell λ1640 line ratios in quasar halos, and PopIII vs. AGN diagnostics
Authors: Humphrey A. , Villar-Martín M. , Binette L. , Raj R. 
Published: December 2018

Aims. We explore potential mechanisms to produce extremely high Lyα/HeII flux ratios, or to enhance the observed number of Lyα photons per incident ionizing photon, in extended active galactic nucleus (AGN) photoionized nebulae at high-redshift.
Methods. We computed models to simulate, in the low density regime, photoionization of interstellar gas by the radiation field of a luminous AGN. We have explored the impact of ionization parameter, gas metallicity, ionizing spectrum, electron energy distribution, and cloud viewing angle on the relative fluxes of Lyα, HeII and other lines, and on the observed number of Lyα photons per incident ionizing photon. We have compared our model results with recent observations of quasar Lyα halos at z ∼ 3.5.
Results. Low ionization parameter, a relatively soft or filtered ionizing spectrum, low gas metallicity, κ-distributed electron energies, or reflection of Lyα photons by neutral hydrogen can all result in significantly enhanced Lyα relative to other lines (≥10%), with log Lyα/HeII reaching values of up to 4.6. In the cases of low gas metallicity, reflection by HI, or a hard or filtered ionizing spectrum, the observed number of Lyα photons per incident ionizing photon is itself significantly enhanced above the nominal Case B value of 0.66 due to collisional excitation, reaching values as high as 5.3 in an “extreme case” model which combines several of these effects. We find that at low gas metallicity (e.g. Z/Z⊙ = 0.1) the production of Lyα photons is predominantly via collisional excitation rather than by recombination. In addition, we find that the collisional excitation of Lyα becomes much more efficient if the ionizing continuum spectrum has been pre-filtered through an optically thin screen of gas closer to the AGN (e.g. by a wide-angle, feedback-driven outflow). We also show that the Lyα and HeII emission line ratios of a sample of previously studied quasars at z ∼ 3.5 are consistent with AGN-photoionization of gas with moderate to low metallicity and/or low ionization parameter, without requiring exotic ionization or excitation mechanisms such as strong line-transfer effects. In addition, we present a set of UV-optical diagnostic diagrams to distinguish between photoionization by Pop III stars and photoionization by an AGN.
Der Helfer aus den Anden
Authors: Vigl Sebastian 
Published: December 2018

SummaryRatanhia ist zum Beispiel bei Entzündungen im Mundraum, bei Hämorrhoiden und bei Durchfällen ein geschätztes Mittel. Ein spanischer Botaniker hat die Pflanze wurde im heutigen Peru entdeckt, wo sie vor allem als Zahnerhaltungsmittel verwendet wurde. Die Pflanze ist ein Halbschmarotzer und bildet weitläufige Wurzeln aus. Diese werden therapeutisch verwendet.
Wer darf was?
Authors: Oberhauser Anette 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWürde man das Zahnheilkundegesetz im Wortlaut interpretieren, bräuchten Zahnärzte für naturheilkundliche Behandlungen im Mundbereich eine Heilpraktikerzulassung. Heilpraktiker wiederum dürften diverse Behandlungen im Mundbereich durchführen, zum Beispiel Zahnstörfelder neuraltherapeutisch unterspritzen. Die Rechtsprechung ignoriert eine streng wörtliche Auslegung des Zahnheilkundegesetzes unter anderem aus Gründen der Patientensicherheit.
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome in Children after Near-Drowning: Long-Term Outcome and Impact on the Families
Authors: Kirsch Andreas , Hessenauer Melanie , Aust Holger , Berweck Steffen , Sperl Wolfgang , Betzler Cornelia , von Stülpnagel-Steinbeis Celina , Staudt Martin , Kluger Gerhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmong 131 children admitted to our institution for early phase rehabilitation after freshwater near-drowning (ND) between the year 1986 and 2000, 87 were in unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) for at least 4 weeks after the accidents. An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the families after 0.5 to 15.0 years (median: 4.6) and 48 mothers and 51 fathers of 55 of these 87 children were interviewed after 6.6 to 23.8 years (median: 13.8) of ND. At the time of the interviews, 8/55 children were able to perform daily living activities independently, 36/55 children were not able to do so (many of them suffered from chronic medical conditions like spasticity or disorders of swallowing), and 11/55 children had died. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was, however, similar to the normal population for mothers, and even higher for fathers. Furthermore, the ND accident had apparently not lead to a higher rate of separations of parents but had increased their likelihood to have further children. Feelings of guilt were highly prevalent (23/47 mothers, 20/47 fathers), and correlated with lower HRQoL of the respective parent. We found correlations between duty of supervision and feelings of guilt and between outcome and HRQoL for only the fathers. In conclusion, we found that after 4 weeks in UWS, the long-term neurological outcome of pediatric ND victims is often but not always poor. Despite often severe disabilities or death of the child during long-term care, parents surprisingly report little impact on their HRQoL, on the stability of their partnership or on their wish to have further children. Our findings may help parents and physicians to choose the best treatment for a child in UWS due to different etiologies striking the balance between rehabilitation and palliative care.
Assessing and Improving Documentation of Pediatric Brain Death Determination within an Electronic Health Record
Authors: Ceneviva Gary , Thomas Neal , Krawiec Conrad 
Published: December 2018

Background/Objective Pediatric brain death determination (BDD) can be subject to interprovider variability of documentation, resulting in diagnosis credibility. The aim of this study was to describe our approach to assessing pediatric BDD documentation and documentation variation in the electronic health record (EHR).
Methods This was a single institution cross-sectional review of pediatric patients younger than 18 years determined to meet brain death criteria. We assessed electronic documentation and evaluated for the presence of contributing factors that can interfere with the brain death documentation based on our institutional brain death evaluation policy (core body temperature, systolic blood pressure within an acceptable range, sedative/analgesic drug effects, and neuromuscular blockade).
Results In total, 33 pediatric brain death patients were identified. This review revealed pediatric BDD documentation consistency (n, %) as follows: performance of the first pediatric brain death clinical examination with temperature above 36°C (27, 81.8%), systolic blood pressure above the defined range (29, 87.9%), more than 24 hours following admission (28, 84.8%); performance of the second pediatric brain death clinical examination with temperature above 36°C (32, 97%), more than 12 hours following the first examination (26, 89.7%); and ensuring sedative infusions were discontinued within the recommended cutoff period prior to pediatric BDD (28, 84.8%). Clinical neurologic examinations were fully documented.
Conclusions Pediatric BDD is a rare process subject to documentation omissions and error. Our findings highlight the variability of pediatric BDD electronic documentation among different providers and specialties at our institution. An approach to improving pediatric BDD documentation may start with completing a standardized electronic brain death document.
Counterpoint: Mediation Formulas With Binary Mediators and Outcomes and the “Rare Outcome Assumption”
Authors: VanderWeele Tyler J , Valeri Linda , Ananth Cande V 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn their accompanying article, Samoilenko and Lefebvre (Am J Epidemiol. 2019;188(7):1203–1205) correctly note 2 typographical errors in the formulas presented in a 2011 paper on placental abruption by Ananth and VanderWeele (Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(1):99–108). Fortunately, to the best of our knowledge, researchers are using our methods papers and Dr. VanderWeele’s 2015 book on mediation analysis (Explanation in Causal Inference; Oxford University Press, New York, New York), rather than the paper on placental abruption, to carry out their direct and indirect effect analyses; and in our methods papers and the book, the formulas are correct. The formulas discussed by Samoilenko and Lefebvre and in our work make reference to a “rare outcome assumption.” In evaluating this assumption, it is important to note that the outcome is to be relatively rare across all strata defined by the exposure and the mediator—a point that is often neglected.
Clinical trials, progression-speed differentiating features and swiftness rule of the innovative targets of first-in-class drugs
Authors: Li Ying Hong , Li Xiao Xu , Hong Jia Jun , Wang Yun Xia , Fu Jian Bo , Yang Hong , Yu Chun Yan , Li Feng Cheng , Hu Jie , Xue Wei Wei , Jiang Yu Yang , Chen Yu Zong , Zhu Feng 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Drugs produce their therapeutic effects by modulating specific targets, and there are 89 innovative targets of first-in-class drugs approved in 2004–17, each with information about drug clinical trial dated back to 1984. Analysis of the clinical trial timelines of these targets may reveal the trial-speed differentiating features for facilitating target assessment. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of all these 89 targets, following the earlier studies for prospective prediction of clinical success of the targets of clinical trial drugs. Our analysis confirmed the literature-reported common druggability characteristics for clinical success of these innovative targets, exposed trial-speed differentiating features associated to the on-target and off-target collateral effects in humans and further revealed a simple rule for identifying the speedy human targets through clinical trials (from the earliest phase I to the 1st drug approval within 8 years). This simple rule correctly identified 75.0% of the 28 speedy human targets and only unexpectedly misclassified 13.2% of 53 non-speedy human targets. Certain extraordinary circumstances were also discovered to likely contribute to the misclassification of some human targets by this simple rule. Investigation and knowledge of trial-speed differentiating features enable prioritized drug discovery and development.
PconsC4: fast, accurate and hassle-free contact predictions
Authors: Michel Mirco , Menéndez Hurtado David , Elofsson Arne 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Residue contact prediction was revolutionized recently by the introduction of direct coupling analysis (DCA). Further improvements, in particular for small families, have been obtained by the combination of DCA and deep learning methods. However, existing deep learning contact prediction methods often rely on a number of external programs and are therefore computationally expensive.

Results
Here, we introduce a novel contact predictor, PconsC4, which performs on par with state of the art methods. PconsC4 is heavily optimized, does not use any external programs and therefore is significantly faster and easier to use than other methods.

Availability and implementation
PconsC4 is freely available under the GPL license from https://github.com/ElofssonLab/PconsC4. Installation is easy using the pip command and works on any system with Python 3.5 or later and a GCC compiler. It does not require a GPU nor special hardware.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Operative outcome of patients at low, intermediate, high and ‘very high’ surgical risk undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement with sutureless and rapid deployment prostheses: results of the SURD-IR registry
Authors: Santarpino Giuseppe , Berretta Paolo , Fischlein Theodor , Carrel Thierry P , Teoh Kevin , Misfeld Martin , Savini Carlo , Kappert Utz , Glauber Mattia , Villa Emmanuel , Meuris Bart , Mignosa Carmelo , Albertini Alberto , Martinelli Gianluca , Folliguet Thierry A , Shrestha Malak , Solinas Marco , Laufer Günther , Phan Kevin , Yan Tristan , Di Eusanio Marco 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The ideal strategy for the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis in patients of varying risk categories has become a debated topic in the last years: should the transcatheter or surgical approach be adopted? The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of low-, intermediate-, high- and very high-risk patients undergoing sutureless, rapid deployment aortic valve replacement.

METHODS
From 2007 to 2017, data on a total of 3651 patients were collected from the Sutureless and Rapid Deployment Aortic Valve Replacement International Registry (SURD-IR). Of these, 2057 patients who underwent primary isolated aortic valve replacement were considered for this analysis and classified as being at low (EuroSCORE <5; n = 500), intermediate (EuroSCORE 5–10; n = 901), high (EuroSCORE 11–20; n = 500) and very high (EuroSCORE >20; n = 156) preoperative risk.

RESULTS
Overall, a less invasive approach was used in 74.1% of patients and represented the most frequent (>50%) approach in all risk categories. The Perceval prosthesis was used more frequently than other devices, especially in patients at high and very high risk. Hospital mortality was 1.6%, 0.8%, 1.9% and 2.7% in low-, intermediate-, high- and very high-risk patients, respectively, with no significant differences among subgroups. Similarly, postoperative complication rates were similar across the different risk categories.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical aortic valve replacement using sutureless, rapid deployment biological valve prostheses is associated with excellent results and represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. This seems to be particularly true in patients with a higher risk profile.