bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verification of Baffle Factor for Straight Pipe Flow
Authors: Artichowicz Wojciech , Łuczkiewicz Aneta , Sawicki Jerzy M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The baffle factor is a parameter widely used to describe flow system characteristics. This indicator is very important in designing disinfection devices. For example, it is used to convert the plug flow time to the actual fluid residence time in the flow system of interest. Its accurate determination is a complex problem requiring tracer experiments or computational fluid dynamics simulations. Therefore, in practice, it is often taken from tables provided in the literature. The literature sources, however, state that the baffle factor for a flow in a straight pipe is equal to unity, which implies the identity between the pipe flow model and the plug flow model. This assumption is doubtful. The aim of the present work is to verify the baffle factor values assumed for the pipe flow. The merit of this study is the analytical derivation of the expression describing the baffle factor value with respect to flow characteristics. To this purpose, the analytical solution of a one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation with a Heaviside initial condition was used. It was demonstrated that the aforementioned assumption is wrong, as the baffle factor for a straight pipe is significantly less than unity.
Using direct transformation approach as an alternative technique to fuse global digital elevation models with GPS/levelling measurements in Egypt
Authors: Elshambaky Hossam Talaat 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Open global digital elevation models (GDEMs) represent a free and important source of information that is available to any country. Fusion processing between global and national digital elevation models is neither easy nor inexpensive. Hence, an alternative solution to fuse a GDEM (GTOPO30 or SRTM 1) with national GPS/levelling measurements is adopted. Herein, a transformation process between the GDEMs and national GPS/levelling measurements is applied using parametric and non-parametric equations. Two solutions are implemented before and after the filtration of raw data from outliers to assess the ability of the generated corrector surface model to absorb the effect of the outliers’ existence. In addition, a reliability analysis is conducted to select the most suitable transformation technique. We found that when both the fitting and prediction properties have equal priority, least-squares collocation integrated with a least-squares support vector machine inherited with a linear or polynomial kernel function exhibits the most accurate behavior. For the GTOPO30 model, before filtration of the raw data, there is an improvement in the mean and root mean square of errors by 39.31 % and 68.67 %, respectively. For the SRTM 1 model, the improvement in mean and root mean square values reached 86.88 % and 75.55 %, respectively. Subsequently, after the filtration process, these values became 3.48 % and 36.53 % for GTOPO30 and 85.18 % and 47.90 % for SRTM 1. Furthermore, it is found that using a suitable mathematical transformation technique can help increase the precision of classic GDEMs, such as GTOPO30, making them to be equal or more accurate than newer models, such as SRTM 1, which are supported by more advanced technologies. This can help overcome the limitation of shortage of technology or restricted data, particularly in developed countries. Henceforth, the proposed direct transformation technique represents an alternative faster and more economical way to utilize unfiltered measurements of GDEMs to estimate national digital elevations in areas with limited data.
A Color Image Encryption Technique Based on Bit-Level Permutation and Alternate Logistic Maps
Authors: Bisht Ankita , Dua Mohit , Dua Shelza , Jaroli Priyanka 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The paper presents an approach to encrypt the color images using bit-level permutation and alternate logistic map. The proposed method initially segregates the color image into red, green, and blue channels, transposes the segregated channels from the pixel-plane to bit-plane, and scrambles the bit-plane matrix using Arnold cat map (ACM). Finally, the red, blue, and green channels of the scrambled image are confused and diffused by applying alternate logistic map that uses a four-dimensional Lorenz system to generate a pseudorandom number sequence for the three channels. The parameters of ACM are generated with the help of Logistic-Sine map and Logistic-Tent map. The intensity values of scrambled pixels are altered by Tent-Sine map. One-dimensional and two-dimensional logistic maps are used for alternate logistic map implementation. The performance and security parameters histogram, correlation distribution, correlation coefficient, entropy, number of pixel change rate, and unified averaged changed intensity are computed to show the potential of the proposed encryption technique.
Studying the effect of large neutral amino acid supplements on oxidative stress in phenylketonuric patients
Authors: Kumru Burcu , Ozturk Hismi Burcu , Kaplan Davut Sinan , Celik Hakim 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress may be one of the causes responsible for mental retardation in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients. Phenylalanine (Phe) reduces antioxidant defense and promotes oxidative stress by causing increase in reactive oxygen-nitrogen species. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of different treatments (amino acid mixture/large neutral amino acid [LNAA] supplements) on oxidative stress which are applied to late-diagnosed patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of LNAA supplements on oxidative stress.

Methods
Twenty late-diagnosed classic PKU patients were included in this study. Patients were classified into two groups: patients under Phe-restricted diet and using Phe-free amino acid mixtures (Group I) (mean age: 13.8 ± 2.8), and patients taking LNAA supplements (Group II) (mean age: 14.8 ± 3.8). Healthy controls (mean age: 13.6 ± 4.8) with ages consistent with the ages of the patients in the experimental groups were included.

Results
Glutathione peroxidase is lower in patients of taking LNAA supplements than the control group (p = 0.022). Coenzyme Q10 is lower in patients of using Phe-free amino acid mixtures than the control group and it is significantly higher in Group II than Group I (p = 0.0001, p = 0.028, respectively). No significant differences were detected in total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, paraoxonase 1 and L-carnitine levels.

Conclusions
Different treatments affect oxidative stress parameters in PKU patients. In this study, although patients were followed up with classic PKU, patient-specific adjuvant antioxidant therapies should be implemented in response to oxidative stress.
Kant über den Selbstbetrug des Bösen
Authors: Welsch Martin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Kantian philosophy, the evil heart is constituted as a system of self-degrading and self-deranging freedom by the coordination of two voluntary acts: the act of establishing radical evil and the act of a voluntary lie to oneself. The consequence is a kind of “madness of freedom”, which characterises the self-deception of evil. By discussing Kantian rhetoric as an elaborate art of writing, this structure will be explored via a new approach to reading ‘On Radical Evil in Human Nature’. The result is that it is the mere possibility of a lie to oneself originating in freedom that makes it impossible to cognise whether one’s heart is good or systematically evil.
Was heißt „Ich denke ist ein empirischer Satz“?
Authors: Kim Hyeongjoo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to clarify the meaning of Kant’s claim that ‘I think’ is an ‘empirical sentence’. In order to do this, I analyze and interpret a passage from B 422 (footnote) in the Critique of Pure Reason, where it is claimed that the ‘I think’ is an empirical sentence. In interpreting this passage, two different approaches come to mind: On the first reading (L1), the statement ‘I think’ is an empirical sentence because it expresses a perception of ‘I am’, i. e. a perception of my own self. On the second reading (L2), the sentence ‘I think’ is empirical in that the ‘I think’ will be activated only when empirical representations are given to intuition. I shall show that these two approaches can be reconciled in the following way: The proposition ‘I think’ can be regarded as an empirical statement in the sense that the activity ‘I think’ always arises together with empirical representations, whereby the ‘I’ cognizes itself simultaneously in its ‘I am’.
Forums as a tool for negotiating knowledge in Higher Education
Authors: Fabbri Manuela 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article discusses an innovative educational experience carried out as part of teaching of the module ‘Technologies of Education’ to third-year students completing the ‘Expert in Social and Cultural Education’ course in the Department of Education Studies at the Bologna and Rimini campuses. The experience examined the use of an online forum as a virtual environment for interactions between students. This experience is based on the hypothesis that significant knowledge can be gained by taking part in learning communities. In particular, this can occur within a deliberately educational digital environment that allows for individual learning to be given a new meaning, thanks to contributions from other participants, which, precisely because of its asynchronous nature, encourages reflective thought. The results are in line with studies that reveal the positive potential of forums: they are shown to be an effective environment for collaborative negotiation and the consolidation of knowledge, as well as for meta-reflection, as they enable topics previously dealt with in the classroom environment to be resumed and reformulated in the context of group discussion.
The “DICA” Endoscopic Classification for Diverticular Disease of the Colon Shows a Significant Interobserver Agreement among Community Endoscopists
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Brandimarte Giovanni , Di Mario Francesco , Nardone Gerardo , Scarpignato Carmelo , Picchio Marcello , Elisei Walter , Group DICA Italian 
Published: March 2019

Background & Aim: An endoscopic classification of Diverticular Disease (DD), called DICA (Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment) is currently available. It scores severity of the disease as DICA 1, DICA 2 and DICA 3. Our aim was to assess the agreement levels for this classification among an endoscopist community setting.Methods: A total of 66 endoscopists independently scored a set of DD endoscopic videos. The percentages of overall agreement on the DICA score and a free-marginal multirater kappa (κ) coefficient were reported as statistical measures of the inter-rater agreement.Results: The overall agreement levels were: 70.2% for DICA 1, 70.5% for DICA 2, 81.3% for DICA 3. The free marginal κ was: 0.553 for DICA 1, 0.558 for DICA 2, 0.719 for DICA 3. The agreement levels among the expert group were: 78.8% for DICA 1, 80.2% for DICA 2, 88.5% for DICA 3. The free marginal κ among the expert group were: 0.682 for DICA 1, 0.712 for DICA 2, 0.828 for DICA 3. The agreement of expert raters on the single item of the DICA classification was superior to the agreement of the overall group.Conclusions: The overall inter-rater agreement for DICA score in this study ranges from moderate to good, with a significant improvement in the expert subgroup of raters. Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment is a simple and reproducible endoscopic scoring system.
Gebelerde cinsel fonksiyon değerlendirmesi: Serum androjen ve fetal cinsiyet ilişkisi
Authors: SARIİBRAHİM ASTEPE Bahar 
Published: March 2019

Giriş:
Hamilelik
sırasında fiziksel ve hormonal değişiklikler sonucunda kadınların cinsel
sağlığı önemli derecede etkilenmektedir.

Amaç:
Hamile Türk kadınlarda cinsel değişiklikler ile androjenik hormonlar ve fetal
cinsiyet ilişkisini değerlendirmek.

Metod:
Bu kesitsel çalışma Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniği'nde değerlendirilen 194
sağlıklı gebeyi içermektedir. Gebe kadınlar, Kadın cinsel işlev ölçeği(KCİÖ) ve
sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilgili sorular
içeren ,kendi kendine uygulanan bir anket doldurdu. Serum androjenleri
aynı zamanda çalışıldı. FSFI toplam ve altgrup
puanları, maternal serum total testosteron , dehidroepiandrosteron
sülfat(DHEAS) ve 1-4 delta androstenedion düzeyleri ölçüldü.

Bulgular:
Türk gebe kadınlarda %68 oranında cinsel işlev bozukluğu bulundu. Cinsel işlev
bozukluğu oranı, gebelik boyunca KCİÖ'nin toplam ve altgrup puanlarını içerir.
KCİÖ'nin toplam ve altgrup puanları trimesterlar arasında farklılık göstermese
de , gebelik haftası ilerledikçe orgazm altgrup puanının azaldığı bulundu.
Bunun yanında gebelik haftası ilerledikçe toplam testosteron artışıyla beraber
DHEAS düzeyinin azaldığı görüldü. Kız fetüslü kadınlarda KCİÖ puanları ve
trimesterlar arasında androjen düzeyleri değerlendirildiğinde, üçüncü
trimesterdaki total testosteron düzeyi ,birinci ve ikinci trimester
düzeylerinden daha yüksek bulundu. Ayrıca ilk trimesterdaki DHEAS düzeyleri
ikinci ve üçüncü trimester seviyelerinden
yüksek bulundu. Erkek fetüsü olan kadınlarda trimesterlar arasında
androjen düzeyleri, KCİÖ toplam ve altgrup puanları açısından anlamlı bir fark
yoktu.

Sonuç:
Türk gebe kadınlarda yüksek bir cinsel işlev bozukluğu oranı (%68) bulundu.
Toplam testosteron, DHEAS ve KCİÖ orgazm altgrup skorunun trimesterlar arasında
farklılık gösterdiği bulundu. Sağlık hizmeti sunanlar antenatal muayenelerde cinsel
sağlık konusunda danışmanlık için daha
çok zaman ayırmalı ve cinsel sağlık ve sorunlar hakkında konuşmak için gebeleri
teşvik etmelidirler.
Kanserli Çocuklarda Febril Nötropeni Ataklarının İncelenmesi
Authors: TÖRET Ersin , Karapınar Tuba Hilkay , Bulut Muhammet , Aksay Ahu , Ay Yılmaz , Oymak Yeşim , Devrim İlker , İnce Dilek Güneş 
Published: March 2019

Giriş: Kanser nedeniyle verilen tedavilerin en önemli yan etkilerinden febril nötropeni morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli nedenidir. Amerika Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği tarafından mevcut nötropeninin yedi günden uzun sürmesinin beklenmesi ve derin nötropeni (mutlak nötrofil sayısı &lt;100/mm3) gibi yüksek risk özelliği olarak kabul edilmektedir. Febril nötropeni atağı sırasında acil yaklaşım geniş spektrumlu antipsödomonal etkinliği olan antibiyoterapinin intravenöz yolla en kısa sürede hastaya uygulanmasıdır. Bu çalışma üçüncü basamak hizmet veren bir hastanenin 27 aylık dönemde kanserli çocukların febril nötropeni ataklarını incelemeyi amaçlamıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2012 ile Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında hematolojik veya solid organ kanseri nedeniyle tedavi edilen olgularda gelişen febril nötropeni atakları retrospektif olarak dosyalarından incelendi. Febril nötropeni; mutlak nötrofil sayısının 500/mm3 altında olması veya 500-1000/ mm3 arasında olup 48 saat içinde 500/mm3 altına düşmesi beklenen durumlara eşlik eden koltuk altından bir kez 38,5˚C ölçülen veya bir saat boyunca 38˚C üzerinde seyreden veya dört saatlik süreçte iki kez 38˚C üzerinde ölçülen ateş varlığı olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: Ortalama yaşı 7,1 ± 5,3 yıl olan 48 hastanın 131 febril nötropeni atağı retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hasta grubunun %75’ini lösemi tanılı olgular oluşturmaktaydı. Ataklar sırasında ilk 24 saatte %69’unun ateş kontrolü sağlandı. Kan veya kateter kültüründe üreme atakların %36’sında, üremelerin %64’ünde ise gram negatif bir bakteri saptandı. Hastalara ampirik olarak başlanan piperasilin-tazobaktam atakların %32’sinde tedavi için yeterli oldu. Destek amacıyla atakların %19’unda granülosit koloni stimüle edici faktör uygulandı.Tartışma:Kanserli çocuklarda kemoterapi sonrasında gelişen kemik iliği baskılanması veya başka nedenlerle kemik iliğinin çalışmadığı durumlarda hastaların morbidite ve mortalitesini en aza indirmek için geniş spektrumlu antibiyoterapi en kısa sürede başlanmalıdır.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Ibrahim Dogan 
Published: March 2019

Dear Readers,
It is a great honor for us to publish Volume 8, No 3 of Global Journal of Information Technology: Emerging Technologies.
Global Journal of Information Technology: Emerging Technologies focuses on contemporary research addressing Information technology including emerging technologies, strategy, change, infrastructure, human resources, sourcing, system development and implementation, communications, technology developments, technology futures, national policies and standards. The journal also publishes articles that advance our understanding and application of research approaches and methods covering information technology, its evolution and future prospects. It is intended to be a multi-disciplinary international journal aimed at revealing results of research on information technology.
A total number of nineteen (19) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of seven (7) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.
We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.
Best regards,
Compostaje de residuos sólidos biodegradables del restaurante institucional del Tecnológico de Costa Rica
Authors: Chaves-Arias Raizeth , Campos–Rodríguez Rooel , Brenes-Peralta Laura , Jiménez-Morales María Fernanda 
Published: March 2019

En procura de un mejor aprovechamiento de los residuos sólidos biodegradables del restaurante Institucional del Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Sede Cartago, se evaluaron tres tratamientos de compostaje para la generación de abono orgánico. Para esto se seleccionaron técnicas de acuerdo a criterio experto y se valoraron variables como pH, humedad, temperatura y eficiencia, con el fin de determinar la más eficiente que permita la valorización del residuo.
Se utilizó un diseño experimental factorial, en el cual se compararon los tres tratamientos denominados Takakura (TK), Microorganismos de Montaña (MM) y Pellets (P) con Residuos Sólidos Biodegradables cada uno, en compostera de volteo y otro directamente en una superficie de concreto en el suelo, con dos repeticiones. El valor de p utilizado fue de 0,05.
Se determinó que el tratamiento Takakura fue el que mejores resultados presentó desde el punto de vista técnico, ambiental y económico, alcanzando la mayor temperatura promedio (53°C) y la fase termófila más rápidamente, manteniendo un pH, cercano a 7, humedad entre 50 y 70% y eficiencia del 81%, por lo que se concluye que este tratamiento es una estrategia viable de economía circular para el aprovechamiento de residuos biodegradables del restaurante institucional del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica.
Predicción de la vida útil en reparaciones de automóviles
Authors: Salazar-Hernández Alicia , Garita-Rodríguez César 
Published: March 2019

El mantenimiento preventivo en un automóvil reduce significativamente el tiempo en que éste se encuentra fuera de funcionamiento; sin embargo, saber con mayor exactitud cuándo se debe realizar este tipo de trabajos y/o reparaciones no es una ciencia cierta. Los talleres mecánicos usualmente proveen de mantenimientos reactivos y hasta el momento no cuentan con una herramienta que le indiquen al usuario cuándo se debe hacer la siguiente visita.
Con la utilización del razonamiento basado en casos, se construyó un sistema informático que toma y procesa información tanto de los estándares del fabricante como también valores ambientales propios del tipo de uso del automóvil, obteniendo así una mayor precisión sobre el comportamiento en carretera y por tanto se puede saber con mayor certeza cuándo se debe reparar nuevamente el automóvil.
Una vez concluído el proyecto, se pudo observar cómo al adaptar la técnica sugerida con una base de datos en crecimiento, tanto de información relevante al automóvil como también de sus similares, los talleres mecánicos que utilicen esta herramienta, son capaces entonces de brindar un mejor servicio a sus clientes, y éstos últimos se ven beneficiados ya que pueden planear mejor el momento de revisiones y mantenimiento, mejorando de esta forma la condición general del automóvil.
Indian Press Coverage of Farmers’ Suicides in Andhra Pradesh: A Content Analysis
Authors: Babu J. Madhu , Rao S. Raja 
Published: March 2019

<p>India, consisting of 16 percent of world population subsists only on 2.4 percent land resources. Agriculture is the only source of livelihood to the two third of the population which gives employment to 57 percent of the workforce. Agriculture in India is often regarded as gambling with monsoons, because of its almost exclusive dependency on precipitation from monsoons. The failure of monsoons leading to a series of droughts, lack of better prices, exploitation by middlemen, and Gene Modified (GM) seed companies who are selling expensive cotton seeds and fertilizers, all of which have led to a series of suicides committed by farmers across India. Farmers' suicides are a complex phenomenon. Since the 1990s farmer suicides in India have made headlines. The journalist Palagummi Sainath highlighted that 17,500 farmers were suicides between 2002 to 2006. The government figures show 14,000 farmers took their own lives in 2011. The total number of farmers’ suicides crossed 3 lakh mark till in 2014. That most suicides occurred in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Punjab. This study seeks to investigate news items on farmers’ suicides in the Indian newspapers. A quantitative content analysis was adopted in this research. This study used two English dailies i.e. The Hindu and The New Indian Express and two Telugu dailies i.e. Eenadu and Andhrajyothi were taken for analysis. It is not a random sample. In this, a purposive sample method was adopted. The selection time period was one year i.e. from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015. Keeping in view ten subject categories have been mainly identified for this research. All the data collected were analyzed simple percentage and mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Chi-square have been used for analysis. </p>
Penggunaan Internet dalam Perpustakaan
Authors: Wibawanto Alwan 
Published: March 2019

Internet merupakan sebuah alat yang berbentuk jaringan dengan sistem komunikasi global yang menghubungkan seluruh jaringan komputer di dunia sehingga segala informasi mudah untuk didapatkan. Begitupun, kehadiran internet di perpustakaan akan sangat berguna dan bermanfaat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi pengguna secara cepat dan tepat tanpa dibatasi oleh ruang dan waktu. Di lingkungan perguruan tinggi, keberadaannya semakin penting karena banyaknya ketersediaan bahan jenis digital dan proses transfer informasi di kalangan sivitas akademika dalam tingkat tertentu berubah karena produsen dan pengguna sudah saling terkoneksi melalui Internet. Tulisan ini membahas tentang pentingnya penggunaan internet di dalam dunia perpustakan karena saai ini sudak banyak koleksi yang berbentuk digital.