bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorants: General survey
Authors: Towns Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis survey shows how colorants are not only ubiquitous in modern life, but also pervade many fields of science and technology. It reveals their diversity with respect to properties, origin of color, applications, composition and usage. After opening with a technical definition of “colorant”, this survey exemplifies the huge assortment of uses to which colorants are put. It highlights the breadth of characteristics, other than color, that are of importance to the roles of “functional colorants”. Following a description of the technical distinction between the terms “dye” and “pigment”, the survey discusses the differences between these two colorant types from the perspective of how their color arises and the ways in which they are exploited, then goes on to demonstrate that particular colorants may be applied in certain instances as a dye and in others as a pigment. It outlines the wide ranges of composition, properties and economics of commercial colorants. This survey closes with a look at the nomenclature of colorants and the means by which they are classified into practically useful categories. It is intended to prepare the reader for the enormous technical and commercial variety that one encounters when dealing generally with colorants.
Activity Profiles of Top-Class Players and Referees and Accuracy in Foul Decision-Making During Korean National League Soccer Games
Authors: Joo Chang Hwa , Jee Haemi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Joo, CH and Jee, H. Activity profiles of top-class players and referees and accuracy in foul decision-making during Korean national league soccer games. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2530–2540, 2019—The aims of this study were to compare the activity profiles between the top-class referees and players and elucidate the factors related to foul decision-making. Three hundred thirty-five elite-level players and referees were analyzed for distance covered during 20 matches of nationally held 2016 Korean league competitions. Distance covered by the players and referees was analyzed for the activity zones (slow walking, walking, jogging, running, high-intensity running, and sprinting) and 15-minute match periods. Mean distance between foul play and referee locations, foul plays, and 15-minute match periods were compared with the foul decision errors. Foul play and decision error rates (%) were also analyzed per segmented pitch zone. Although the total distance covered during a match and distances covered by jogging, running, and sprinting were significantly different between the players and referees, differences were within 1%. Significant differences in the distance covered before and after halftime were observed. The greatest distance between the foul play and referee locations, number of foul plays, and number of foul decision errors were observed at the 75-minute match period. Finally, the greater number of foul plays was observed in the neutral and attacking zones, and the foul decision errors were observed in the right defensive and left attacking zones 1. In conclusion, although the activity profiles may be different, referees should maintain certain level of physical fitness to match that of the players. To reduce the number of foul decision errors, factors such as match time, foul occurring location, and distance between foul play and referee locations should be considered.
Dose-Response Relationship Between Internal Training Load and Changes in Performance During the Preseason in Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Figueiredo Diogo H. , Figueiredo Diego H. , Moreira Alexandre , Gonçalves Helcio R. , Dourado Antonio C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Figueiredo, DH, Figueiredo, DH, Moreira, A, Gonçalves, HR, and Dourado, AC. Dose-response relationship between internal training load and changes in performance during the preseason in youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2294–2301, 2021—The aim of this study was to describe training intensity distribution based on the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and heart rate (HR) methods and examine the dose-response relation between internal training load (ITL) and change in performance of 16 youth soccer players (mean ± SD age: 18.75 ± 0.68 years, height: 175.3 ± 5.5 cm, body mass: 68.7 ± 6.5 kg, and body fat: 10.7 ± 1.2%) belonging to a Brazilian first division team during a 3-week preseason. The sRPE and HR data were registered daily to calculate the ITL and the training intensity distribution, in 3 intensity zones (low, moderate, and high). The Yo-yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-yo IR1) was evaluated before and after experimental period. The total time spent in the low-intensity zone (HR method) was greater (p < 0.01) compared with the moderate- and high-intensity zones. No difference was observed between training intensity zones determined by the sRPE method (p > 0.05). Negative correlations were observed between weekly mean sRPE-TL (r = −0.69), Edward's-TL (r = −0.50), and change in Yo-yo IR1. Linear regression indicated that weekly mean sRPE-TL (F
1;14 = 13.3; p < 0.01) and Edward's-TL (F
1;14 = 4.8; p < 0.05) predicted 48.7 and 25.5% of the variance in performance change, respectively. Stepwise linear regression revealed that these 2-predictor variables (F
2;13 = 18.9; p < 0.001) explained 74.5% of the variance in performance change. The results suggest that the sRPE and HR methods cannot be used interchangeably to determine training intensity distribution. Moreover, sRPE-TL seems to be more effective than the HR-based TL method to predict changes in performance in youth soccer players.
Effects of Water Immersion Methods on Postexercise Recovery of Physical and Mental Performance
Authors: Ahokas Essi K. , Ihalainen Johanna K. , Kyröläinen Heikki , Mero Antti A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ahokas, EK, Ihalainen, JK, Kyröläinen, H, and Mero, AA. Effects of water immersion methods on postexercise recovery of physical and mental performance. J Strength Cond Res 33(6): 1488–1495, 2019—The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 3 water immersion interventions performed after active recovery compared with active recovery only on physical and mental performance measures and physiological responses. The subjects were physically active men (age 20–35 years, mean ± SD 26 ± 3.7 years). All subjects performed a short-term exercise protocol, including maximal jumps and sprinting. Four different recovery methods (10 minutes) were used in random order: cold water immersion (CWI, 10° C), thermoneutral water immersion (TWI, 24° C), and contrast water therapy (CWT, alternately 10° C and 38° C). All these methods were performed after an active recovery (10-minute bicycle ergometer; heart rate [HR] 120–140 b·min−1, 60–73% from age-calculated maximum HR), and the fourth method was active recovery (ACT) only. Within 96 hours after exercise bouts, recovery was assessed through a 30-m maximal sprint test, maximal countermovement jump (CMJ), self-perceived muscle soreness and relaxation questionnaires, and blood lactate, creatine kinase, testosterone, cortisol, and catecholamine levels. The self-perceived feeling of relaxation after 60-minute recovery was better (p < 0.05) after CWI and CWT than ACT and TWI. Statistically significant differences were not observed between the recovery methods in any other marker. In the 30-m sprint test, however, slower running time was found in ACT (p < 0.001) and CWT (p = 0.005), and reduced CMJ results (p < 0.05) were found in ACT when the results were compared with baseline values. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that CWI and CWT improve the acute feeling of relaxation that can play a positive role in athletes' performance and well-being.
Effects of Interlimb Asymmetries on Acceleration and Change of Direction Speed: A Between-Sport Comparison of Professional Soccer and Cricket Athletes
Authors: Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Brazier Jon , Jarvis Paul , Chavda Shyam , Bromley Tom , Turner Anthony 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bishop, C, Read, P, Brazier, J, Jarvis, P, Chavda, S, Bromley, T, and Turner, A. Effects of interlimb asymmetries on acceleration and change of direction speed: a between-sport comparison of professional soccer and cricket athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2095–2101, 2021—The first aim of this study was to quantify and compare asymmetries among professional soccer and cricket athletes. The second aim was to examine the association between asymmetries and performance within both groups. Professional soccer (n = 18) and cricket (n = 23) athletes performed single-leg countermovement jumps, single-leg drop jumps (SLDJs), a 10-m sprint, and 505 change of direction speed (CODS) tests. Interlimb asymmetries were calculated as a standard percentage difference, Mann-Whitney U tests conducted to establish systematic bias between groups, and Spearman's r correlations used to establish the relationship between asymmetry scores and speed and CODS performance. Soccer athletes sprinted faster, jumped higher, and had a greater reactive strength index (RSI) score than cricket athletes (p < 0.05). However, cricketers showed reduced ground contact times compared with footballers during the SLDJ (p < 0.05). The cricket group showed significantly greater jump height (asymmetry = 11.49 vs. 6.51%; p = 0.015) and RSI (asymmetry = 10.37 vs. 5.95%; p = 0.014) asymmetries compared with soccer players. These metrics were also associated with slower 505 times in the cricket group only (r = 0.56 –0.74; p < 0.01). These results show that between-limb asymmetries exhibit no association with speed and CODS in elite soccer players but are associated with reduced CODS in elite cricketers. Thus, the reduction of interlimb asymmetries may be of greater consideration when working with cricket vs. soccer athletes.
The Köhler Effect: A Motivational Strategy for Strength and Conditioning
Authors: Hill Christopher R. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING (SC) SETTINGS ARE INCREASINGLY USING THE BENEFITS OF GROUP TRAINING. HOWEVER, RESEARCH IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY HAS LARGELY FOUND PEOPLE DO NOT WORK AS HARD WHEN IN GROUP SETTINGS. MORE RECENT EVIDENCE SUGGESTS WITH THOUGHTFUL DESIGN OF GROUPS AND THE TASK STRUCTURE, THE EFFORT LOSSES PREVIOUSLY SEEN CAN BE TURNED INTO EFFORT GAINS. THIS ARTICLE WILL REVIEW RESEARCH THAT EXAMINES 1 PARTICULAR MOTIVATION GAIN SEEN IN THE LITERATURE, THE KÖHLER EFFECT. SPECIFICALLY, THIS ARTICLE WILL PROVIDE PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS OF HOW THE KÖHLER EFFECT CAN BE HARNESSED AND USED IN SC SETTINGS.
Visual and MSR Grades of Lumber Are Not 2-parameter Weibulls and Why This May Matter
Authors: Verrill Steve P. , Owens Frank C. , Kretschmann David E. , Shmulsky Rubin , Brown Linda S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It has been common practice to assume that a 2-parameter Weibull probability distribution is suitable for modeling lumber strength properties. Previous work has demonstrated theoretically and empirically that the modulus of rupture (MOR) distribution of a visual grade of lumber or of lumber that has been binned by modulus of elasticity (MOE) is not a 2-parameter Weibull. Instead, the tails of the MOR distribution are thinned via pseudo-truncation. Simulations have established that fitting 2-parameter Weibulls to pseudo-truncated data via either full or censored data methods can yield poor estimates of probabilities of failure. In this article, we support the simulation results by analyzing large In-Grade type data sets and establishing that 2-parameter Weibull fits yield inflated estimates of the probability of lumber failure when specimens are subjected to loads near allowable properties. In this article, we also discuss the censored data or tail fitting methods permitted under ASTM D5457, Standard Specification for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load and Resistance Factor Design.
An Efficient Multiangle Weight Updated Haralick and Relevance Vector Machine Algorithm for Classifying Diabetic Foot from Medical Thermal Image
Authors: Gopinath Masila PandiaSankar , Prabu Sevugan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Skin temperature assessment has gained attention in recent years for its ability to detect diabetes-related foot complications. Early detection of the complications can prevent devastating consequences. Hence, in this article, an efficient multiangle weight updated Haralick (MAWH) algorithm–based foot thermal image processing system is proposed for classification of features into diabetic and nondiabetic categories. Initially, the Gaussian noises in the medical infrared footprint images are preprocessed by the median filter. Then, the features from the preprocessed images are processed by the MAWH, primitive tint feature extraction, and convoluted Tamura pattern algorithms. From the extracted features, the optimal features are selected by the genetic algorithm–differential evolution–based feature subset algorithm. By exploiting the selected features, the relevance vector machine classifier classifies the features as diabetic or nondiabetic. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is compared with existing algorithms. The validation results prove that the proposed algorithm is more optimal than the existing algorithms for all metrics.
Major Depressive Disorder Association with Unsuccessful In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) of Primary Infertile Women
Authors: M.B., Ch.B. F.I.B.M.S.Psych. Shalan Joodah Rhemah Al-Abbudi, 
Published: April 2019

Background: Women who go through unsuccessful IVF treatment were at increased risk of depressive disorders.
Objective: investigate the association between the unsuccessful IVF and depression among women with primary infertility.
Methods: a cross-sectional study included infertile women attending fertility center. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compiled. Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) to identify mental illnesses; DSM-V criteria for depression and Hamilton-17 Scale for severity of depression, were used.
Results: high prevalence of depression among infertile women 80%. Unsuccessful IVF were 46%. About 26 % of infertile women with unsuccessful IVF were depressed. Depression was significantly associated with education, monthly income, duration of marriage, smoking, medication, chronic illness, and religion.
Conclusion: Depressive disorders are the most frequently observed disorder among infertile women exposed to unsuccessful IVF
On the record with Judge Jody Kollapen
Authors: Nako Nontsasa 
Published: April 2019

With the revelations by Bosasa officials at the State Capture Enquiry, held in early 2019, laying bare the corrupt links between prisons, detention centres and border control, and high ranking political and government officials, the time is ripe to excavate the capitalist interests that fuel incarceration in this country. How did the prison industrial complex overtake the lofty principles that ushered in the South African democratic era? Judge Jody Kollapen is well-placed to speak to about the evolution of the South African prison from a colonial institute that served to criminalise and dominate 'natives', to its utility as instrument of state repression under apartheid, to its present manifestation in the democratic era. He has laboured at the coalface of apartheid crime and punishment through his work as an attorney in the Delmas Treason Trial, and for the Sharpeville Six, and also worked as a member of Lawyers for Human Rights, where he coordinated the 'Release Political Prisoners' programme, Importantly, Justice Kollapen had a ringside seat at the theatre of our transition from apartheid to democracy as he was part of the selection panel that chose the commissioners for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). Many questions can be asked of the South African TRC including whether it was the best mechanism to deal with the past and whether it achieved reconciliation. What concerns us here is its impact on crime and punishment in the democratic era. If our transition was premised on restorative justice, then shouldn’t that be the guiding principle for the emerging democratic state? In line with this special edition’s focus on the impact of incarceration on the marginalized and vulnerable, Judge Kollapen shares some insights on how the prison has fared in democratic South Africa, and how imprisonment affects communities across the country. As an Acting Judge in the Constitutional Court, a practitioner with a long history of civic engagement, and someone who has thought and written about criminalization, human rights and prisons, Judge Kollapen helps us to think about what decolonization entails for prisons in South Africa.
Nano-ion-exchangers - a new class of reactive materials
Authors: Dolgonosov Anatoly M. , Khamizov Ruslan Kh. , Kolotilina Nadezhda K. 
Published: April 2019

Nano-sized particles of functional polymers i.e. nano-ion-exchangers (NIEX), are unusual objects
which simultaneously behave as the hyper-charged ions and the solid ion exchangers. Due to similar charges, they form very stable colloidal systems. This paper is devoted to theoretical and practical study of the proper- ties of nano-exchangers, methods for their preparation, the technique of experiments being practically un- known, and the opportunities for their application.
The results of dynamic experiments are given for sorption of nano-exchangers and the ions of back- ground solutions on the beds of macro-particles of usual cationic and anionic resins. It is shown how to ob- tain the NIEX hydrosols with the desired ionic composition, and the concept of the standard state hydrosol is defined. The possibility for solid-phase exchange of counter ions between contacting particles of the same polarity is demonstrated.
The possibilities and advantages of using nano-ion-exchangers in chemical analysis are demonstrat- ed by different examples: preparation of separating phases for ion chromatography, application as modifier in capillary electrophoresis and using in photo-luminescence. The prospects of nano-ion-exchangers for drug delivery are also shown.
Effect of temperature on adsorption and chromatography of polystyrene macromolecules
Authors: Eltekov Anton Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Study of the effect of temperature on the parameters of adsorption and liquid chromatography of
molecules and macromolecules constantly attracts the attention of specialists. The potential benefits of ele- vated temperature column, particularly enhanced kinetic and transport properties, which are based on the reduction of mobile phase viscosity and increase the diffusion of analyte at high temperature, began to be actively used for the rapid analysis of molecules and macromolecules by chromatographic methods in recent years. It is now recognized that temperature is an important tool to optimize chromatographic parameters, such as retention, selectivity and efficiency, particularly for macromolecules
The effect of temperature on adsorption and liquid chromatography of polystyrene macromolecules on silicas has been investigated by static and .chromatographic methods. The sign and value of the tempera- ture adsorption coefficient depend on many factors, namely, the chemical nature of the solvent, the chemical structure of macromolecules and adsorbent surface chemistry. Thus temperature elevation in the chromato- graphic system alters the macromolecular coil dimensions and total energy of elution of solvent molecules from the adsorption space of the porous adsorbents. Keeping these factors in view we can find the sign of the temperature adsorption coefficient. Diffusion coefficients increase in proportion to temperature, thus effi- ciency is usually enhanced, too, as peaks become more narrow. Prospects for optimization of the chromato- graphic process and, above all, the efficiency of separation of components of mixtures, include the effect of temperature on the adsorption of the components and their retention in the chromatographic column.
Концентрирование некоторых антибиотиков фторхинолонового ряда методом магнитной твердофазной экстракции на наночастицах магнетита
Authors: Egunova Olga R. , Shtykov Sergei N. 
Published: April 2019

Исследовано влияние рН, природы буферного раствора, способа и времени установления
сорбционного равновесия, концентрации антибиотика, температуры на степень извлечения, констан- ту распределения и коэффициент концентрирования энрофлоксацина, левофлоксацина и пефлоксаци- на на наночастицах магнетита, модифицированных полиэтиленимином. Показано, что количествен- ное извлечение антибиотиков в интервале концентраций 10-6-10-5 М со степенью извлечения 95-98% возможно при рН 3-4 из объема 50 см3 при использовании 18 мг наномагнетита. Получена изотерма сорбции, которая согласуется с моделью Ленгмюра. Методом просвечивающей микроскопии опреде- лены форма и размеры модифицированных наночастиц магнетита.
Влияние природы растворителей на сорбционные свойства тонкослойных пластинок «Sorbfil», модифи- цированных наночастицами тиакаликс[4]арен/SiO2
Authors: Taneeva Alina V. , Novikov Vyacheslav F. , Ziyatdinova Ramilya V. , Stojkov Ivan I. , Budnikov Herman K. 
Published: April 2019

Проведена оценка влияния физико-химической природы органических растворителей на сорбционные свойства силикагеля, модифицированного наночастицами тиакаликс[4]арен/SiO2, в условиях восходящей тонкослойной хроматографии на пластинках «Sorbfil». Установлено, что модификация поверхности тонкослойных пластинок наноструктурированным модификатором приводит к существенному повышению времени удерживания органических растворителей, что может служить способом регулирования селективности разделения анализируемых сорбатов. Найдены закономерности, связывающие длину сорбционного слоя со временем удерживания стандартных сорбатов, а также оценен их вклад в тип межмолекулярного взаимодействия в системе сорбат-сорбент.
Влияние топологии молекул на сорбцию производных 1,2,4-триазола и 1,2,4-триазина неполярными сорбентами в условиях жидкостной хроматографии
Authors: Karaseva Irina N. , Karasev Maksim O. , Kurbatova Svetlana V. 
Published: April 2019

Исследована зависимость хроматографического удерживания производных 1,2,4-триазина и 1,2,4-триазола из водно-ацетонитрильных растворов на октадецилсиликагеле, пористом графитированном углероде и сверхсшитом полистироле от строения молекул сорбатов. Получены корреляции между топологическими индексами, физико-химическими характеристиками и факторами удерживания указанных соединений для условий обращенно-фазовой высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии.