bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Drug Oxidation Activities in Hepatic and Intestinal Microsomes of Individual Common Marmosets, a New Nonhuman Primate Animal Model
Authors: Uehara Shotaro , Oshio Toru , Nakanishi Kazuyuki , Tomioka Etsuko , Suzuki Miyu , Inoue Takashi , Uno Yasuhiro , Sasaki Erika , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models
for preclinical studies. Information for major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is now available
that supports the use of this primate species as an animal model for drug development. Here, we collect and provide
an overview of information on the activities of common marmoset hepatic and intestinal microsomes with respect to
28 typical human P450 probe oxidations.

Results:
Marmoset P450 2D6/8-dependent R-metoprolol O-demethylation activities in hepatic microsomes were
significantly correlated with those of midazolam 1′- and 4-hydroxylations, testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, and progesterone
6β-hydroxylation, which are probe reactions for marmoset P450 3A4/5/90. In marmosets, the oxidation
activities of hepatic microsomes and intestinal microsomes were roughly comparable for midazolam and terfenadine.
Overall, multiple forms of marmoset P450 enzymes in livers and intestines had generally similar substrate recognition
functionalities to those of human and/or cynomolgus monkey P450 enzymes.

Conclusion:
The marmoset could be a model animal for humans with respect to the first-pass extraction of terfenadine
and related substrates. These findings provide a foundation for understanding individual pharmacokinetic
and toxicological results in nonhuman primates as preclinical models and will help to further support understanding
of the molecular mechanisms of human P450 function.
Synthesis of Pyridinyl-benzo[d]imidazole/Pyridinyl-benzo[d]thiazole Derivatives and their Yeast Glucose Uptake Activity In Vitro
Authors: Khan Momin , Ahmad Riaz , Rehman Gauhar , Gul Naeem , Shah Sana , Salar Uzma , Perveen Shahnaz , Khan Khalid Mohammed 
Published: October 2018

Background:Diabetes is the primary cause of fatality and disability all over the world, in recent past, we have reported various classes of compounds as anti-glycating agents and we have also reported benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as a potential class of anti-glycating agents. This encouraged us to evaluate the pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 for yeast glucose uptake activity.Methods:In the present study, an equimolar mixture of pyridine carboxaldehyde derivatives (1 mmol) and sodium metabisulphite (1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred for 10 to 15 min, followed by addition of o-phenylene diamine/2-aminothiophenol (1 mmol) into it and refluxed for 3 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice. Precipitates were formed which were collected by filtration to produce compounds 1-27 in good yields. Recrystallization from methanol yielded pure crystals.Results:Our present study showed that all compounds showed a varying degree of yeast glucose uptake activity in the range IC50 = 36.43-272.20 µM, compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) showed an excellent yeast glucose uptake activity better than the standard.Conclusion:Pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for in vitro yeast glucose uptake activity. Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) demonstrated potent yeast glucose uptake activity as compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). This study identified a number of potential lead molecules which can be helpful in lowering the blood glucose level in hyperglycemia.
Schwannomas of Uncommon Peripheral Locations: Analysis of Imaging Findings of 21 Cases
Authors: Gokaslan Cigdem Ozer , Toprak Ugur , Demirel Emin , Erdim Cagri , Yardimci Aytul Hande , Turan Ceyda Bektas 
Published: October 2018

Background:Schwannomas are benign slow-growing tumors most often associated with the cranial nerves. Schwannomas often originate from the eighth cranial nerve. They may also originate from the peripheral nervous system of the neck and extremities. However extracranial peripheral schwannomas are considered a rare entity.Objective:The knowledge of rare localizations and typical imaging findings will lead to a successfulradiological diagnosis. Therefore, in this study, we present the clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions.Materials and Methods:The hospital database was screened for patients with an extracranial soft tissue mass. Twenty-one cases of schwannomas were found in rare localization. We analyzed the MR images of these patients retrospectively. The MR images were evaluated in terms of tumor location, signal intensity, and enhancement pattern. The histological examination of all the patients confirmed the diagnosis of schwannoma.Results:In 21 patients, the schwannomas were peripheral, localized to upper (n = 6) and lower extremities (n = 11). The remaining four patients had intramuscular schwannomas.:The patients diagnosed with intramuscular schwannomas had schwannomas in sternocleidomastoid, gastrocnemius, triceps muscle and lateral wall of the abdomen. The average long-axis diameter of the tumor was 27.7 mm and the average short-axis diameter was 16.4 mm. The contrast pattern was diffused in eight tumors and peripheral in 13.Conclusion:In this study, we present clinical findings and MRI characteristics of schwannomas with a rare localization involving the peripheral, lower and upper extremity and intramuscular regions.
Broad Spectrum Peptide Vaccine Design Against Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Dewi Sherly Kurnia , Ali Soegianto , Prasasty Vivitri Dewi 
Published: October 2018

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global burden. There is no peptide vaccine found as modality to cure the disease is available due to the weak cellular immune response and the limitation to induce humoral immune response.Methods:Five predominated HCV subtypes in Indonesia (1a, 1b, 1c, 3a, and 3k) were aligned and the conserved regions were selected. Twenty alleles of class I MHC including HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLAC types were used to predict the potential epitopes by using NetMHCPan and IEDB. Eight alleles of HLA-DRB1, together with a combination of 3 alleles of HLA-DQA1 and 5 alleles of HLA-DQB1 were utilized for Class II MHC epitopes prediction using NetMHCIIPan and IEDB. LBtope and Ig- Pred were used to predict B cells epitopes. Moreover, proteasome analysis was performed by NetCTL and the stability of the epitopes in HLA was calculated using NetMHCStabPan for Class I. All predicted epitopes were analyzed for its antigenicity, toxicity, and stability. Population coverage, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed for several best epitopes.Results:The results showed that two best epitopes from envelop protein, GHRMAWDMMMNWSP (E1) and PALSTGLIHLHQN (E2) were selected as promising B cell and CD8+ T cell inducers. Other two peptides, LGIGTVLDQAETAG and VLVLNPSVAATLGF, taken from NS3 protein were selected as CD4+ T cell inducer.Conclusion:This study suggested the utilization of all four peptides to make a combinational peptide vaccine for in vivo study to prove its ability in inducing secondary response toward HCV.
Field evaluation of a novel UV water disinfection system for use in underserved rural communities
Authors: Younis Bassam A. , Mahoney Laura E. , Yao Shiyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReliable, robust, and inexpensive disinfection systems are needed to expand water security in remote and underserviced areas. This paper reports on the deployment and evaluation of a novel UV water disinfection system in a remote rural community. Prior laboratory tests indicated a 7.12 log10 reduction of the bacteriophage MS‐2 at a flow rate of 9.46 L/min, which corresponds to a supplied UV dose 215 mJ/cm2. Further tests in water containing turbidity levels up to 18 NTU showed E. coli removal remaining above the 5 log10 level. Field testing was performed at a Native American reservation in Northern California where the system was used to treat groundwater obtained from a well with a known fecal contamination. The system was powered by solar panel and was operated on‐demand for extended periods. Tests on the treated water showed that the system exceeded the standard of disinfection required for drinking water.Practitioner points

A novel system for water disinfection with UV light is described.

Laboratory and field tests showed high levels of disinfection achieved even at low UVT and high turbidity.

System is robust, reliable and inexpensive to produce thus suitable for use in underserved communities.
Políticas habitacionales e integración. Los cambios en la era neoliberal
Authors: Duhau Emilio 
Published: October 2018

Por diferentes razones y debido a diversos caminos, México, al llegar el siglo XXI, es una nación constituida por una amplia mayoría de familias que habitan una vivienda propia: es hoy, en este sentido, una nación de "propietarios". Para el año 2000, de acuerdo con las cifras definitivas del XII Censo general de población y vivienda, 78.26% de las viviendas particulares eran propiedad de sus habitantes. Como intentaré demostrar en este trabajo, se trata de un hecho claramente relacionado con las políticas habitacionales desarrolladas por el Estado mexicano, en particular durante los últimos treinta años.
Los procesos de traslado forzado debido a desastres naturales. Sistematización de experiencias en Guatemala
Authors: Miner Fuentes Yojana , Villagrán de León Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2018

A lo largo de los siglos, terremotos, deslizamientos, inundaciones y avalanchas de lodo han provocado el desplazamiento temporal y permanente de personas y sus comunidades en Guatemala. Este artículo presenta un resumen de varios ejemplos históricos y recientes de esos desplazamientos forzados o las reubicaciones provocadas por estos desastres, poniendo en relieve cuestiones críticas que han surgido durante los procesos de traslado y reubicación. Un análisis de ejemplos en el marco de la gestión del riesgo y la gobernanza ha conducido a la identificación de problemas críticos que surgen al llevar a cabo estas reubicaciones y las posibilidades para mejorar los procesos en el futuro próximo. El artículo concluye con un resumen de las conclusiones pertinentes de políticas dirigidas a las agencias gubernamentales y la sociedad civil.Abstract:Throughout the centuries, earthquakes, landslides, floods, and lahars have provoked temporary and permanent displacements of people and their communities in Guatemala. This article presents an overview of several historic and recent examples of such forced displacements or relocations triggered by such disasters, highlighting critical issues which have emerged during such relocation processes. An analysis of such examples in the framework of risk management and governance has led to the identification of critical issues which arise when conducting such relocations, and possibilities to improve such processes in the near future. The article concludes with a summary of policy-relevant conclusions targeting government agencies and civil society.Résumé : Tout au long des siècles, séismes, glissements de terrain, inondations et avalanches de boue ont provoqué le déplacement temporaire et permanent des populations et leurs communautés au Guatemala. Cet article présente un résumé des exemples historiques et récents des relocalisations ou déplacements forcés causés par ces catastrophes, mettant en évidence les problèmes critiques qui ont surgi au cours du processus de réinstallation. Une analyse des exemples dans le contexte de la gestion des risques et la gouvernance a conduit à l’identification des problèmes cruciaux qui se posent dans l’exécution de ces délocalisations et les possibilités d’améliorer les processus dans un avenir proche. L’article conclut par un résumé des résultats pertinents des politiques visant aux agences gouvernementales et la société civile.
Representaciones y conductas. Un repertorio de las violencias entre los nahuas de la Sierra Norte de Puebla
Authors: Beaucage Pierre 
Published: October 2018

Entre los nahuas, no hay un equivalente estricto a “violencia”. Sin embargo, la idea de una fuerza excesiva y peligrosa impregna, por una parte, un amplio conjunto de representaciones míticas (violencia fundadora) y ethohistóricas (agresiones y resistencia). También está muy presente en lo cotidiano, en formas múltiples: robos, envidia, brujería y violencia doméstica. A pesar de lo amplio del fenómeno, cuyo corolario es un “discurso de la desgracia”, no se puede hablar aquí de una cultura de la violencia, puesto que nuestros interlocutores dedican mucho esfuerzo a sobrepasarla para construir una felicidad personal y familiar, aunque la sientan muy frágil.Abstract:Among the Nahua, one does not find a strict equivalent to “violence”. Yet, on the one hand, the idea of an excessive, dangerous force permeates a large set of narratives, mythical (founding violence) and ethnohistorical (aggressions and resistance). On the other hand, violence is quite present in daily life, under multiple forms: thefts, “envy” and witchcraft, domestic violence. In spite of this extension, whose corollary is a “discourse of disgrace”, one cannot speak here of a culture of violence, since our interlocutors devote much energy to overcome it in order to build a personal and familial happiness, however frail they may feel it is.Résumé : Chez les Nahuas, il n’y a pas d’équivalent strict à “violence”. Cependant, l’idée d’une force excessive et dangereuse imprègne, d’une part, un vaste ensemble de représentations mythiques (violence fondatrice) et ethnohistoriques (agressions et résistance). Elle est aussi très présente au quotidien, sous de multiples formes : vols, “envie” et sorcellerie, violence domestique. Malgré l’ampleur du phénomène, dont le corollaire est un “discours du malheur”, on ne peut parler ici de culture de la violence, puisque nos interlocuteurs s’attachent à la surmonter pour construire un bonheur personnel et familial, qu’ils sentent cependant fragile.
Violencia de Estado y violencia de género. Las paradojas en torno a los derechos humanos de las mujeres en México
Authors: Hernández Castillo Rosalva Aída 
Published: October 2018

En este artículo, la autora reflexiona sobre el proceso contradictorio vivido en la última década en México: por un lado una política exterior en materia de derechos humanos muy exitosa a nivel internacional, en la que se han ratificado varios instrumentos internacionales en contra de la discriminación y violencia hacia las mujeres; paralelamente existe una política interna en la que la violencia de Estado se justifica en nombre de la “paz social” y se utiliza en contra de las mujeres activistas e integrantes de movimientos sociales.Abstract: In this article, the author reflects on contradictory policies in Mexico during the last decade: on one hand a very successful foreign policy on human rights at international level such as several international instruments against the discrimination and violence. Those instruments have been ratified towards women, but on the other hand, as the author observes, State violence against women justified in the name of “social peace”, used against activist women and members of social movements.Résumé : Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse le processus contradictoire que connaît le Mexique depuis une dizaine d’années. D’un côté, une politique extérieure réussie en matière de droits de l’homme au niveau international et politique qui ratifie les instruments internationaux contre la discrimination et la violence exercées à l’encontre des femmes et, parallèlement, une politique intérieure où la violence d’État est justifiée au nom de la « paix sociale » et s’exerce contre les femmes activistes et les membres de mouvements sociaux.
Con la muerte en el álbum. La fotografía de difuntos en Buenos Aires durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Guerra Diego Fernando 
Published: October 2018

Entre 1840 y las primeras décadas del siglo XX, la fotografía de difuntos fue la manifestación iconográfica más importante de los ritos funerarios de la burguesía rioplatense. Si bien el retrato fue el género artístico predominante en los nacientes Estados nacionales del período, por su función ordenadora del tejido social a la vez que expresión social del individuo, la fotografía no sólo profundizó su difusión social sino que también absorbió y transformó prácticas seculares localmente arraigadas, como la mascarilla mortuoria, los grabados de cabezas yacentes y los retratos al óleo de personas “vivas” que usaban el cadáver como modelo. En el presente artículo se propone recorrer el desarrollo de ese particular género fotográfico durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, a fin de contribuir al conocimiento de una práctica que sigue siendo, aún hoy, un asunto poco abordado por la historiografía.Abstract: From 1840 to the first decades of the XXth Century, death portraiture was the most important manifestation of the funerary rituals of Rio de la Plata bourgeoisie. While portrait was –due to its potential to put in order the social weave and to be a social expression of individuals– a preeminent artistic gender in those brand new nation-states of the period, photography not only multiplied its social diffusion; it also absorbed and transformed secular practices locally rooted like mortuary masks, “lying heads” engravings, and oil painting portraits where the subject seems alive, but the model was a corpse. This article proposes to go through the evolution of this particular photographic gender during the second half of the XIXth century, in order to contribute to a better knowledge of a matter that is –still today– scarcely treated by historiography.Résumé : Entre 1840 et les premières décennies du XXe siècle, la photographie de défunts a été la manifestation iconographique la plus importante des rituels funéraires de la bourgeoisie du Río de la Plata. Si le portrait a été un genre artistique prédominant au sein des nouveaux États nations de la période, tant par sa fonction ordinatrice du tissu social que comme expression sociale de l’individu, la photographie en a approfondi la diffusion sociale ; elle a absorbé et transformé des pratiques séculaires localement enracinées, tels le masque mortuaire, les gravures de portraits de gisants et les peintures à l’huile de personnes “vivantes” qui prenaient le cadavre pour modèle. Cet article propose de suivre le développement de ce genre photographique particulier dans le second XIXe siècle, afin de contribuer à la connaissance d’une pratique qui reste, de nos jours encore, un sujet peu abordé par l’historiographie.
La Mixteca Baja entre la Revolución y la Reforma. Cacicazgo, territorialidad y gobierno, siglos XVIII-XIX
Authors: Béligand Nadine 
Published: October 2018

El nombre de Margarita Menegus se asocia a las obras precursoras sobre el señorío indígena y las cuestiones agrarias de México, tanto en la época colonial como en el siglo de las independencias. El rigor científico de sus demostraciones, su pasión por los archivos y la calidad de sus problemáticas se conjugan en este nuevo libro, del que se puede decir que renueva nuestros conocimientos por más de una razón, puesto que, en él, la autora amplía el campo de sus observaciones a la Mixteca Baja y prolonga su cronología hasta los albores del siglo XX. Es un libro de madurez que recoge los frutos de años de investigación y que, sin discusión, constituye una aportación decisiva a la historia mexicana.
Vencer la derrota. Vivir en la Sierra Zapoteca de México (1674-1707)
Authors: Béligand Nadine 
Published: October 2018

Una fotografía nos permite sumergirnos en esta historia de derrota. Posado en las cimas de la sierra, un aura escruta el horizonte del Valle de las Nubes, telón de fondo de la historia de Los tres mosqueteros de Yasona; aguarda a que la historia le sea revelada. Este libro, que nace del encuentro de un historiador con los archivos judiciales de Oaxaca, es una verdadera lección de historia sobre el poder en un pueblo de la Sierra Zapoteca. Thomas Calvo rompe con la linealidad del relato cronológico en provecho de “la interrogante” que se plantea: la naturaleza de la crisis del siglo XVII en el reino de la Nueva España.
Catálogo florístico de la Reserva Natural del Complejo Endorreico de Utrera (Sevilla, España)
Authors: Bazo Coronilla Eduardo , Juárez Gómez Paola 
Published: October 2018

ResumenLa elaboración de un catálogo florístico es un trabajo fundamental a desarrollar en cualquier ecosistema. Hasta la fecha, la Reserva Natural del Complejo Endorreico de Utrera (Sevilla, España) sólo contaba con una serie de citas corológicas dispersas que dificultan a las administraciones y a la comunidad científica el acceso rápido a una información útil, actualizada y recogida en un texto monográfico. Este trabajo se presenta como la elaboración del primer catálogo florístico de la Reserva Natural del Complejo Endorreico, fruto del trabajo de 17 meses en las tres lagunas que componen el ecosistema: Arjona, Alcaparrosa y Zarracatín. De esta forma, el catálogo florístico del Complejo Endorreico de Utrera pasa, de los 13 taxones citados por el Proyecto Anthos para las cuadrículas de referencia, a estar formado por un total de 171: 162 especies de espermatofitas (94,7%), 6 especies de clorofitas (3,5%) y 3 especies de pteridofitas (1,8%). Para finalizar, se realiza una comparativa entre la riqueza y biodiversidad florística del Complejo Endorreico de Utrera con otros humedales cercanos (marismas de Doñana y Odiel) y se apuntan algunas hipótesis sobre la ausencia detectada de algunas especies, cuya presencia o ausencia deberá ser fruto de nuevos estudios en la zona.Palabras clave: Flora, vegetación lacustre, depresión del Guadalquivir, área protegida, sector hispalense. AbstractFloristic list of the Natural Reserve of Endorheic Complex in Utrera (Sevilla, Spain).The elaboration of a floristic list is a fundamental work to develop in any ecosystem. To date, the Natural Reserve of the Endrerreic Complex of Utrera (Seville, Spain) only had a series of scattered chorological appointments that make it difficult for administrations and the scientific community to quickly access useful information, updated and collected in a monographic text. This work is presented as the elaboration of the first floristic list of the Natural Reserve of the Endrerreic Complex, result of the work of 17 months in the three lagoons that make up the ecosystem: Arjona, Alcaparrosa and Zarracatín.In this way, the floristic list of the Endrereic Complex of Utrera passes, from the 13 taxa mentioned by the Anthos Project for the reference grids, to be made up of a total of 171: 162 species of spermatophytes (94.7%), 6 chlorophytes species (3.5%) and 3 species of pteridophytes (1.8%). Finally, a comparison is made between the richness and floristic biodiversity of the Endrerreic Complex of Utrera with other nearby wetlands (Doñana and Odiel marshes) and some hypotheses are pointed out about the detected absence of some species, whose presence or absence should be the result of new studies in the area.Key words: Flora, lacustrine vegetation, depression of the Guadalquivir river, protected area, Seville sector.