bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress on 2D Group II‐VI Binary Chalcogenides ZnX and CdX (X = S, Se, Te): From a Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Zhou Jia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2D nanomaterials of ZnX and CdX (X = S, Se, and Te) usually produced by colloidal synthesis are coated with various organic ligands; however, recent experimental work on ZnS and ZnSe demonstrates that the organic ligands can be removed with heating, and the freestanding 2D sheets of ZnS and ZnSe are then fabricated. The freestanding zinc chalcogenide single layers demonstrate superior solar water splitting efficiency and photostability, and hold great promise for numerous optoelectronic applications. Here, recent advances in 2D group II‐VI binary chalcogenides ZnX and CdX are presented from a theoretical perspective. Specifically, the article starts with 2D‐layered organic–inorganic hybrid materials of group II‐VI binary chalcogenides ZnX and CdX, and then focuses on the freestanding 2D nanosheets of pristine inorganic ZnX and CdX. Various possible structures of 2D ZnX and CdX proposed by first‐principles calculations, and their unique electronic and optical structures are discussed. It is envisioned that the freestanding 2D‐layered sheets of ZnX and CdX, as well as their derivatives, are potential synthesis targets for a great wealth of applications in energy storage and conversion.
Voltage Control of Perpendicular Exchange Bias in Multiferroic Heterostructures
Authors: Yang Qu , Hu Zhongqiang , Zhang Yao , Su Wei , Cheng YuXin , Peng Bin , Wu Jingen , Zhou Ziyao , He Yun , Cui Wanzhao , Wang Zhiguang , Liu Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPerpendicular exchange bias (EB), which combines perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and ferromagnetic (FM)–anti‐ferromagnetic (AFM) exchange coupling, is extremely important in high‐density AFM spintronics. However, the effective modulation of EB remains challenging, since the alternant spins at the AFM/FM interface are strongly pinned by the AFM layer. Voltage tuning of EB through magnetoelectric coupling provides a potential way to achieve rapid magnetization switching in an energy‐efficient manner. Nevertheless, the interfacial strain mediation of perpendicular EB induced by E‐field remains unexplored. In this work, perpendicular EB nanostructure by room‐temperature fabrication process is obtained, and the voltage tunable perpendicular EB in Pt/IrMn/(Co/Pt)2/Ta/(011) Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 multiferroic heterostructure is demonstrated. To enhance the voltage control effect on perpendicular EB, both strain‐mediated magnetoelectric coupling and ionic liquid gating method are further investigated in the thinned EB system with the structure of Pt/IrMn/Co/Pt/Ta. As a result, the voltage induced lattice distortion effectively transmits to the AFM/FM interface, while the charge accumulation and ion migrations in gating method generate a relatively large hysteresis loop offset that has not been observed before at room temperature. The voltage manipulation of perpendicular EB at room temperature provides new possibilities toward novel AFM devices and memories with great energy‐efficiency and ultrahigh density.
Luminescent, Oxygen‐Supplying, Hemoglobin‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jiang Linye , Bai Haotian , Liu Libing , Lv Fengting , Ren Xueqin , Wang Shu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for cancer treatment. Two parameters that influence the efficacy of PDT are the light source and oxygen supply. Herein, we prepared a system for PDT using hemoglobin (Hb)‐linked conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs), which can luminesce and supply oxygen. Hb catalyzes the activation of luminol, the conjugated polymer poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene] (MEH–PPV) nanoparticles can absorb the chemiluminescence of luminol through chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) and then sensitize the oxygen supplied by Hb to produce reactive oxygen species that kill cancer cells. This system could be used for the controlled release of an anticancer prodrug. The system does not need an external light source and circumvents the insufficient level molecular oxygen under hypoxia. This work provides a proof‐of‐concept to explore smart and multifunctional nanoplatforms for phototherapy.
Contributions of Lorente de Nó to the Nonlinear Circuitry of the Brain
Authors: Carrillo‐Reid Luis , Larriva‐Sahd Jorge 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRafael Lorente de Nó, the youngest disciple of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, made significant and versatile contributions to the broad area of neuroscience. Present assay highlights the groundbreaking contributions of this Spanish investigator to neuronal connectivity. From Lorente de Nó laws of plurality and recurrence of connections among neurons emerged nonlinear connectivity and, therefore, set the foundation to understand the emergent properties of neuronal circuits. The emergence, truthfulness, and applicability of these organizing principles are discussed in the context of their current impact in studying neuronal ensembles. Anat Rec, 303:1215–1220, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Ontogeny of Orbit Orientation in Primates
Authors: Nett Emily M. , Ravosa Matthew J. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTOrbit orientation in primates has been linked to adaptive factors related to activity pattern and size‐related variation in structural influences on orbit position. Although differences in circumorbital form between anthropoids and strepsirrhines appear to be related to interspecific disparities in levels of orbital convergence and orbital frontation, there is considerable overlap in convergence between suborders. Unfortunately, putative links between convergence and frontation across primates, and consequent arguments about primate and anthropoid origins, are likely to be influenced by allometry, the size range of a respective sample, and adaptive influences on encephalization and activity patterns. Such a multifarious system is less amenable to interspecific treatment across higher‐level clades. An ontogenetic perspective is one way to evaluate transformations from one character state to another, especially as they pertain to allometric effects on phenotypic variation. We characterized the ontogeny of orbital convergence and frontation in 13 anthropoid and strepsirrhine species. In each suborder, correlation and regression analyses were used to test hypotheses regarding the allometric bases of variation in orbital orientation. Growth trajectories were analyzed intra‐ and inter‐specifically. Frontation decreased postnatally in all taxa due to the negative scaling of brain vs. skull size. Further, interspecific variation in relative levels of frontation was linked to corresponding ontogenetic transpositions in encephalization that differed within both suborders. In strepsirrhines, postnatal increases in convergence were largely due to the negative allometry of orbit vs. skull size. In contrast, convergence in anthropoids varied little during growth, being unrelated to ontogenetic variation in either relative orbit or interorbit size. Anat Rec, 302:2093–2104, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Meta‐analysis of rare events under the assumption of a homogeneous treatment effect
Authors: Piaget‐Rossel Romain , Taffé Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe studied the performance of several meta‐analysis methods in rare event settings, when the treatment effect is assumed to be homogeneous and baseline prevalences are either homogeneous or heterogeneous. We conducted extensive simulations that included the three most common effect sizes with count data: the odds ratio, the relative risk, and the risk difference. We investigated several important scenarios by varying the level of rareness, the value of the trials’ arms unbalance, and the size of the treatment effect. We found that the Mantel–Haenszel method and the Binomial regression model provided the best results across all the scenarios investigated. The Peto method performed satisfactorily only when the true effect size was not too large and the degree of unbalance moderate. Inverse variance was the least reliable method. The use of a continuity correction factor slightly improved the performance of the inverse variance method but deteriorated that of the Peto and Mantel–Haenszel methods. A method based on median unbiased estimators of the probabilities provided similar results to those obtained when using the inverse variance method with a continuity correction. Therefore, when the treatment effect can be assumed to be homogeneous and for either homogeneous or heterogeneous baseline prevalences, we highly recommend using the Mantel‐Haenszel method without continuity correction (for all the effect sizes) or the Binomial regression model (for the odds ratio only) to meta‐analyze the data.
Breast cancer screening: Impact on care pathways
Authors: Lefeuvre Delphine , Catajar Nathalie , Le Bihan Benjamin Christine , Ifrah Norbert , De Bels Frédéric , Viguier Jérôme , Bousquet Philippe Jean 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundControversy persists concerning screening programs (SPs), related to a potential risk of overdiagnosis or the impact on survival. One of the main questions to be addressed concerns the aggressiveness of the related treatments.MethodsUsing the "Cancer Cohort,” a national‐based cohort (medico‐administrative database), all women between the ages of 50 and 74 years and treated in 2014 for incident breast cancer were compared, according to whether their diagnosis was made following a mammogram performed within the framework of the SP (SP group) or outside it (NSP group).ResultsA total of 23 788 women were identified: 13 530 (57%) in the SP group and 10 258 (43%) in the NSP group. The women in the SP group had a higher rate of in situ or localized invasive breast cancer. They had a higher rate of breast‐conserving surgery (82% vs 70%), and a lower rate of chemotherapy (34% vs 53%). These findings were observed irrespective of the stage. They had a higher rate of pathways involving breast‐conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy. Among women with metastatic cancer, those in the SP group had a lower proportion of liver, lung, brain, and bone metastases, and a higher proportion of lymph node metastases (other than axillary), irrespective of the time to onset of the metastases.ConclusionThe women in whom cancer was diagnosed following a mammogram performed in the context of the SP had less advanced cancer and less aggressive treatments. This observational study helps illustrate the benefit of the SP in France using a different approach.
What patients want
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Patients may have preferences and priorities for their catheterization procedure that may differ from the operator's expectations.
This online survey of normal volunteers suggested that patients place the highest value on same‐day discharge and lesser values for radiation exposure, bleeding risk, and access site.
Patient‐centered care needs to increasingly emphasize same‐day discharge after PCI for highest patient satisfaction.
Multiple mucoceles of the lower lip: A case report
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Kurita Kenichi , Hayashi Hiroki , Minagawa Masashi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA 2‐year‐old girl developed three mucoceles on lower lip, probably due to her habit of rolling lower lip behind the maxillary anterior teeth. The spacing in the dentition and mechanical irritation from habitual lip biting may have caused the mucoceles. At 3 years after excision surgery, the patient remained recurrence‐free.
Racemization and Deracemization through Intermolecular Redox Behaviour
Authors: Engwerda Anthonius H. J. , Meekes Hugo , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Vlieg Elias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractChiral molecules exhibiting a quinone and/or hydroquinone moiety are ubiquitous in natural products and small molecule drugs. Herein, we describe a chiral quinone‐hydroquinone molecule that racemizes through a reversible redox reaction. Using a combined computational and experimental approach, we show that this racemization proceeds via an intermolecular reaction mechanism. Starting from two achiral reactants, this molecule could be obtained in enantiopure form using Viedma ripening.
Linear Relationship between 13C NMR Chemical Shifts and the Bending of sp‐Carbon Chains
Authors: Kreuzahler Mathis , Adam Abdulselam , Haberhauer Gebhard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolyynes show a strictly linear relationship between the energy impact and the bending of the polyyne chain. The energy, which is necessary to bend the acetylenic chain, decreases with the increasing number of acetylene units. A deviation from linearity in polyynes can be realized in solution by violation of the mutual‐exclusion principle between IR and Raman spectra. However, there is still no possibility to measure the extent of the nonlinearity in solution. Herein, we show that the 13C NMR spectroscopy represents an appropriate tool for this as we found an almost perfect linear relationship between the bending of the alkyne chain and the change of the chemical shift of the outer acetylenic carbon atoms. By using molecular bows in which the alkyne chain can be bent by switching the azobenzene unit, this correlation can be proved experimentally. In the future, this correlation should enable the determination of the extent of the bending and the strain energy in polyynes. Consequently, polyynes could be employed as probes for measuring further molecular forces.
Evaluation of left ventricular function in immunoglobulin‐resistant children with Kawasaki disease: a two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography study
Authors: Wang Haiyong , Shang Jing , Tong Minghui , Song Yan , Ruan Litao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) patients who are unresponsive to intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) have a high occurrence of coronary artery lesions (CALs). The characteristics of left ventricular (LV) function alternation in IVIG‐resistant patients are not well‐described.HypothesisTwo‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is a useful technique that can accurately detect myocardium subclinical dysfunction in resistant patients and may assist in differentiating patients with KD at a higher risk of IVIG resistance.MethodsA consecutive sample of 50 IVIG‐resistant patients (25 males, 2.2 ± 0.9 years), 50 IVIG‐responsive patients (27 males, 2.2 ± 0.7 years) and 50 normal subjects (27 males, 2.1 ± 0.9 years) were analyzed using STE, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was utilized to determine the threshold values of STE parameters associated with IVIG resistance.ResultsCompared with normal children, IVIG‐resistant patients had lower global longitudinal strain (GLS) (15.82 ± 3.32 vs 20.01 ± 2.98, P = 0.000) and lower global circumferential strain (GCS) (16.65 ± 3.12 vs 20.11 ± 2.86, P = 0.042). Both GLS and GCS in IVIG‐resistant patients were significantly lower than in IVIG‐responsive patients (15.82 ± 3.32 vs 19.95 ± 3.01, 16.65 ± 3.12 vs 19.01 ± 3.00, P = .000, .030, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated that the absolute values of GLS < 16.8% and GCS < 15.9% were optimal predictors of IVIG unresponsiveness (area under the curve = 0.78, 0.75; sensitivity = 0.83, 0.79; specificity = 0.69, 0.65, respectively).ConclusionIVIG‐resistant patients presented with more severe LV systolic dysfunction compared with IVIG‐responsive patients, which may be the result of myocarditis rather than CALs. STE may be a helpful diagnostic tool that provides supportive criteria to detect KD patients at a higher risk of IVIG resistance.
Identifying and characterizing cancer survivors in the US primary care safety net
Authors: Hoopes Megan , Schmidt Teresa , Huguet Nathalie , Winters‐Stone Kerri , Angier Heather , Marino Miguel , Shannon Jackilen , DeVoe Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPrimary care providers must understand the use patterns, clinical complexity, and primary care needs of cancer survivors to provide quality health care services. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the prevalence and health care needs of this growing population, particularly in safety net settings.MethodsThe authors identified adults with a history of cancer documented in primary care electronic health records within a network of community health centers (CHCs) in 19 states. The authors estimated cancer history prevalence among >1.2 million patients and compared sex‐specific site distributions with national estimates. Each survivor was matched to 3 patients without cancer from the same set of clinics. The demographic characteristics, primary care use, and comorbidity burden then were compared between the 2 groups, assessing differences with absolute standardized mean differences (ASMDs). ASMD values >0.1 denote meaningful differences between groups. Generalized estimating equations yielded adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for select indicators.ResultsA total of 40,266 cancer survivors were identified (prevalence of 3.0% of adult CHC patients). Compared with matched cancer‐free patients, a higher percentage of survivors had ≥6 primary care visits across 3 years (62% vs 48%) and were insured (83% vs 74%) (ASMD, >0.1 for both). Cancer survivors had excess medical complexity, including a higher prevalence of depression, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and liver disease (ASMD, >0.1 for all). Survivors had higher odds of any opioid prescription (aOR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19‐1.27) and chronic opioid therapy (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.32) compared with matched controls (P < .001 for all).ConclusionsIdentifying cancer survivors and understanding their patterns of utilization and physical and mental comorbidities present an opportunity to tailor primary health care services to this population.
Ultrasound‐guided FNA cytology of groin lymph nodes improves the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: Results from a comparative cytohistological study
Authors: Angelico Giuseppe , Santoro Angela , Inzani Frediano , Spadola Saveria , Fiorentino Vincenzo , Cianfrini Federica , Carbone Claudia , Garganese Giorgia , Rossi Esther D. , Scambia Giovanni , Zannoni Gian F. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundLymph node metastases represent the most important negative prognostic predictor in vulvar carcinoma. Therefore, an accurate preoperative assessment of suspicious lymph nodes would be fundamental for a personalized therapy. The aim of this article was to assess the reliability of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the preoperative assessment of nodal metastatic disease in 43 patients with vulvar cancer.MethodsIn total, 43 FNAC specimens of clinicoradiologically suspicious lymph nodes with corresponding nodal resection specimens were collected from 2016 to 2018 at Catholic University Hospital in Rome. Cytohistologic correlation was performed. Patients were treated with wide local excision of the vulvar mass followed by bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy if the tumor involved a lymph node or the vulvar margins.ResultsCytologic examination agreed with histology in 37 of 43 cases (86.04%). The authors observed a positive FNAC result in 14 of 20 histologically confirmed metastatic lymph nodes, 6 false‐negative cases, and no false‐positive results. The sensitivity and specificity of cytological examination were 76.92% and 100%, respectively. All patients with FNAC‐positive results showed metastatic disease in other surgically resected inguinofemoral nodes. Eleven of 29 patients (37.9%) with FNAC‐negative results also showed metastatic disease in subsequent lymphadenectomy specimens, but the extent of metastases was always <1 cm (range, 0.1‐0.6 cm).ConclusionsFNAC of suspicious lymph nodes represents a useful tool in the management of patients with vulvar cancer. A positive result enables the surgeon to immediately perform a bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy thus avoiding an unnecessary sentinel lymph node sampling. Finally, FNAC can also predict the presence and extent of metastatic disease in other surgically resected inguinofemoral lymph nodes.
A small number of residual teeth after the mandibular resection of oral cancer is associated with titanium reconstruction plate exposure
Authors: Hirohata Hiromi , Yanagawa Toru , Takaoka Shohei , Yamagata Kenji , Sasaki Kaoru , Shibuya Yoichiro , Uchida Fumihiko , Fukuzawa Satoshi , Tabuchi Katsuhiko , Hasegawa Shogo , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Sekido Mitsuru , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveReconstruction plates are used to treat patients with a segmental mandibular defect after oral cancer surgery. Reconstruction plate failure analysis has rarely focused on occlusion, which conducts a mechanical force to the mandible and the plate. To determine the prognostic factors, we retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent reconstruction of a mandibular segmental defect with a reconstruction plate and assessed the number of residual paired teeth.Material and MethodsFrom among 390 patients with oral cancer who visited University of Tsukuba Hospital (Tsukuba, Japan) between 2007 and 2017, we selected and analyzed the data of 37 patients who underwent segmental resection of the mandible and reconstruction with reconstruction plates. Prognostic factors evaluated were patient age, sex, TNM classification, plate manufacturer, treatment with radiotherapy or chemotherapy, whether the patient had diabetes or smoked, and whether the patient had a small number of residual paired teeth, plate length, and use of a fibular‐free flap. Among these 37 patients, eight reconstruction plates had intraoral or extraoral exposure and were removed in 5 years.ResultsKaplan–Meier and log‐rank analyses revealed that the prognosis for the 5‐year plate exposure‐free rate was significantly poorer for patients with a small number of residual teeth than for patients with no teeth or those with a large number of residual teeth (.01). Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that a small number of residual teeth was a significant prognostic factor in the loss of a reconstruction plate (hazard ratio: 5.63; 95% confidence interval [1.10, 25.85]; .04).ConclusionsA small number of residual teeth after the segmental resection of oral cancer is significantly involved in reconstruction plate survival and may be important in predicting reconstruction plate prognosis.