bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inclusion of children with disabilities in oral health research: A systematic review
Authors: Alwadi Maram A. , Baker Sarah R. , Owens Janine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to describe the extent to which oral health research since the advent of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the current movement on the inclusion of voices of children, has been done on or with children with disabilities.MethodsA systematic review of the dental literature for children with disabilities from 2001 to 2017 was conducted. Electronic databases were searched for oral health literature on the involvement of children with disabilities. Each identified article was examined by 2 reviewers against the inclusion criteria and categorized according to the extent to which children with disabilities were involved in oral health research, type of study, children's ages, type of impairment and the country of origin.ResultsThe search included 113 articles after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these papers, 6.2% were classified as research with children, 41.6% used proxies to gain the perspective of children with disabilities and 52.2% were classified as research on children with disabilities. The majority of studies, which attempted some form of inclusion, were from Sweden and India.ConclusionsMost oral health research is conducted on children with disabilities (viewing them as objects) rather than with them (viewing them as active participants). Unlike previous systematic reviews which report an increase in the inclusion of the voices of children in oral health research, children with disabilities were mostly excluded from research. Future research should attempt to use methods which involve children with disabilities as fully as possible in the research process. This ensures that their perspectives are obtained and their voices are heard.
On‐The‐Fly Tracking of Flame Surfaces for the Visual Analysis of Combustion Processes
Authors: Oster T. , Abdelsamie A. , Motejat M. , Gerrits T. , Rössl C. , Thévenin D. , Theisel H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe visual analysis of combustion processes is one of the challenges of modern flow visualization. In turbulent combustion research, the behaviour of the flame surface contains important information about the interactions between turbulence and chemistry. The extraction and tracking of this surface is crucial for understanding combustion processes. This is impossible to realize as a post‐process because of the size of the involved datasets, which are too large to be stored on disk. We present an on‐the‐fly method for tracking the flame surface directly during simulation and computing the local tangential surface deformation for arbitrary time intervals. In a massively parallel simulation, the data are distributed over many processes and only a single time step is in memory at any time. To satisfy the demands on parallelism and accuracy posed by this situation, we track the surface with independent micro‐patches and adapt their distribution as needed to maintain numerical stability. With our method, we enable combustion researchers to observe the detailed movement and deformation of the flame surface over extended periods of time and thus gain novel insights into the mechanisms of turbulence–chemistry interactions. We validate our method on analytic ground truth data and show its applicability on two real‐world simulations.
Effect of socket grafting with deproteinized bone mineral: An RCT on dimensional alterations after 6 months
Authors: Tomasi Cristiano , Donati Mauro , Cecchinato Denis , Szathvary Isacco , Corrà Enrico , Lindhe Jan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine if (i) characteristics of the fresh extraction socket site influenced subsequent dimensional alterations and (ii) placement of deproteinized bovine mineral in the socket affected volumetric change during healing.Materials and methodsTwenty seven subjects and 28 extraction sites were included. Immediately after the removal of the tooth and after 6 months of healing, stone and virtual models of the jaw were produced. A cone beam computerized tomography scan was obtained immediately after extraction and the thickness of the buccal bone wall at the extraction site was measured. Extraction sites were randomly assigned to test or control group. In the test group, extraction sockets were filled with deproteinized bone mineral and covered with a collagen membrane. In the control group, only a collagen membrane was placed.ResultsThe thickness of the buccal bone wall at the extraction site influenced the amount of volume reduction that occurred. Socket grafting influenced the degree of ridge diminution only at sites where the buccal bone wall was thin (≤ 1 mm).ConclusionA graft comprised of collagen‐enriched deproteinized bovine bone mineral, placed to fill extraction sockets failed to influence the overall diminution of the ridge that occurred during healing. The thickness of the buccal bone wall apparently had a significant influence on volumetric alterations of the edentulous ridge following tooth extraction.
Long‐term outcome and quality of life in patients with total colonic aganglionosis in the Netherlands
Authors: Roorda D. , Witvliet M. J. , Wellens L. M. , Schulten D. V. , Sloots C. E. J. , de Blaauw I. , Broens P. M. A. , Oosterlaan J. , van Heurn L. W. E. , van der Steeg A. F. W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTotal colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is a severe form of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) associated with a high morbidity. This study assessed long‐term functional outcome and quality of life (QoL) of patients with TCA in a national consecutive cohort.MethodsSurgical and demographic characteristics in the medical records of all patients (n = 53) diagnosed with TCA between 1995 and 2015 were reviewed. Functional outcome of all nonsyndromal patients, aged ≥ 4 years (n = 35), was assessed using a questionnaire and in medical records. Generic and disease‐specific QoL were assessed using standardized validated questionnaires.ResultsOf 35 patients eligible for follow‐up, 18 (51%) responded to the questionnaires. They were aged 4–19 years. A Duhamel procedure was performed in 67% of these patients and a Rehbein procedure was performed in 33%. In the questionnaire, 65% of the patients reported constipation, 47% faecal incontinence and 53% soiling. Moreover, 18% of patients used bowel management (flushing or laxatives) and 29% had an adapted diet only. Children and adolescents with TCA had worse perception of their general health and were more limited by bodily pain and discomfort compared with healthy peers. Their quality of life is influenced most by frequent complaints of diarrhoea and other physical symptoms.ConclusionChildren and adolescents with TCA report lower health‐related QoL compared with healthy peers, especially in the physical domain. We suggest standardized follow‐up and prospective longitudinal future research on functionality and QoL of these patients.
Modelling the distribution and compositional variation of plant communities at the continental scale
Authors: Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Suárez‐Seoane Susana , Chytrý Milan , Hennekens Stephan M. , Willner Wolfgang , Hájek Michal , Agrillo Emiliano , Álvarez‐Martínez Jose M. , Bergamini Ariel , Brisse Henry , Brunet Jörg , Casella Laura , Dítě Daniel , Font Xavier , Gillet François , Hájková Petra , Jansen Florian , Jandt Ute , Kącki Zygmunt , Lenoir Jonathan , Rodwell John S. , Schaminée Joop H. J. , Sekulová Lucia , Šibík Jozef , Škvorc Željko , Tsiripidis Ioannis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe investigate whether (1) environmental predictors allow to delineate the distribution of discrete community types at the continental scale and (2) how data completeness influences model generalization in relation to the compositional variation of the modelled entities.LocationEurope.MethodsWe used comprehensive datasets of two community types of conservation concern in Europe: acidophilous beech forests and base‐rich fens. We computed community distribution models (CDMs) calibrated with environmental predictors to predict the occurrence of both community types, evaluating geographical transferability, interpolation and extrapolation under different scenarios of sampling bias. We used generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) to assess the role of geographical and environmental drivers in compositional variation within the predicted distributions.ResultsFor the two community types, CDMs computed for the whole study area provided good performance when evaluated by random cross‐validation and external validation. Geographical transferability provided lower but relatively good performance, while model extrapolation performed poorly when compared with interpolation. Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed a predominant effect of geographical distance on compositional variation, complemented with the environmental predictors that also influenced habitat suitability.Main conclusionsCorrelative approaches typically used for modelling the distribution of individual species are also useful for delineating the potential area of occupancy of community types at the continental scale, when using consistent definitions of the modelled entity and high data completeness. The combination of CDMs with GDM further improves the understanding of diversity patterns of plant communities, providing spatially explicit information for mapping vegetation diversity and related habitat types at large scales.
Impact of the Charlson comorbidity index and prognostic nutritional index on prognosis in patients with early gastric cancer after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Iwai Naoto , Dohi Osamu , Naito Yuji , Inada Yutaka , Fukui Akifumi , Takayama Shun , Ogita Kazuyuki , Terasaki Kei , Nakano Takahiro , Ueda Tomohiro , Okayama Tetsuya , Yoshida Naohisa , Katada Kazuhiro , Kamada Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Takeshi , Handa Osamu , Takagi Tomohisa , Konishi Hideyuki , Yagi Nobuaki , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: March 2018

Background and AimWith the aging of society, comorbidities or nutritional status are assessed prior to endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). However, it is uncertain which factors are important for predicting prognosis in EGC patients after ESD. Thus, we aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of ESD for EGC, with respect to comorbidities or nutritional status.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective study involving 708 EGC in 585 patients who were enrolled between April 2007 and March 2012. They were classified into two groups; an elderly (≥80 years) and non‐elderly (<80 years) group. Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were evaluated between the groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences regarding short‐term outcomes. Overall survival (OS) rates in the elderly group were significantly lower than those in the non‐elderly group (P = 0.001). OS rates in patients with a low (≤2) Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were significantly higher than those in patients with a high (≥3) CCI, regardless of age. OS rates in patients with a high (≥47.7) prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were significantly higher than those in patients with a low (<47.7) PNI, regardless of age. In multivariate analysis, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) ≥2 (hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval: 3.23, 1.54–6.75), CCI ≥3 (HR 7.88, 4.50–13.80) and PNI <47.7 (HR 3.44, 2.00–5.90) were significantly associated with OS rate (P < 0.01).ConclusionCCI and PNI can be prognostic indicators for non‐elderly and elderly patients with EGC after ESD.
Children's academic attainment is linked to the global organization of the white matter connectome
Authors: Bathelt Joe , Gathercole Susan E , Butterfield Sally ,   the CALM team, Astle Duncan E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLiteracy and numeracy are important skills that are typically learned during childhood, a time that coincides with considerable shifts in large‐scale brain organization. However, most studies emphasize focal brain contributions to literacy and numeracy development by employing case‐control designs and voxel‐by‐voxel statistical comparisons. This approach has been valuable, but may underestimate the contribution of overall brain network organization. The current study includes children (N = 133 children; 86 male; mean age = 9.42, SD = 1.715; age range = 5.92–13.75y) with a broad range of abilities, and uses whole‐brain structural connectomics based on diffusion‐weighted MRI data. The results indicate that academic attainment is associated with differences in structural brain organization, something not seen when focusing on the integrity of specific regions. Furthermore, simulated disruption of highly‐connected brain regions known as hubs suggests that the role of these regions for maintaining the architecture of the network may be more important than specific aspects of processing. Our findings indicate that distributed brain systems contribute to the etiology of difficulties with academic learning, which cannot be captured using a more traditional voxel‐wise statistical approach.
HpBase: A genome database of a sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
Authors: Kinjo Sonoko , Kiyomoto Masato , Yamamoto Takashi , Ikeo Kazuho , Yaguchi Shunsuke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo understand the mystery of life, it is important to accumulate genomic information for various organisms because the whole genome encodes the commands for all the genes. Since the genome of Strongylocentrotus purpratus was sequenced in 2006 as the first sequenced genome in echinoderms, the genomic resources of other North American sea urchins have gradually been accumulated, but no sea urchin genomes are available in other areas, where many scientists have used the local species and reported important results. In this manuscript, we report a draft genome of the sea urchin Hemincentrotus pulcherrimus because this species has a long history as the target of developmental and cell biology in East Asia. The genome of H. pulcherrimus was assembled into 16,251 scaffold sequences with an N50 length of 143 kbp, and approximately 25,000 genes were identified in the genome. The size of the genome and the sequencing coverage were estimated to be approximately 800 Mbp and 100×, respectively. To provide these data and information of annotation, we constructed a database, HpBase (http://cell-innovation.nig.ac.jp/Hpul/). In HpBase, gene searches, genome browsing, and blast searches are available. In addition, HpBase includes the “recipes” for experiments from each lab using H. pulcherrimus. These recipes will continue to be updated according to the circumstances of individual scientists and can be powerful tools for experimental biologists and for the community. HpBase is a suitable dataset for evolutionary, developmental, and cell biologists to compare H. pulcherrimus genomic information with that of other species and to isolate gene information.
Methods to measure performance of Grapholitha molesta on apples of five varieties
Authors: Wang Yi , Kong Wei‐Na , Zhao Long‐Long , Xiang Hui‐Ming , Zhang Li‐Jun , Li Jie , Ridsdill‐Smith James , Ma Rui‐Yan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHost plants will affect the performance and population dynamics of the polyphagous insect pest Grapholitha molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Cultivar‐level variability needs to be considered in assessing the performance of G. molesta. We evaluated the fitness of G. molesta on five apple varieties in the laboratory by placing eggs on apples and observing their performance including survival, development, and fecundity of the adult insect. Our results demonstrated differences between indices such as larval duration, pupal weight, egg production, length of tunnel, and exiting rate of larvae, which gave similar host rankings. Variety Danxia was less suitable than Jinqing and Shuohong, and more suitable than Empire and Jinxing. However, other indices such as pupal duration, total pre‐oviposition time, and the estimated population parameters resulted in a different host ranking. We calculated weighted fitness scores to overcome the problem of inconsistent rankings. Empire changed from being the second highest ranking variety based on all population parameters to the second lowest using weighted fitness scores. The difference in ranking observed between apple varieties demonstrates the care needed in predicting population performance in the field using single traits.
The effects of post‐compulsory education and training systems on literacy and numeracy skills: A comparative analysis using PISA 2000 and the 2011 survey of adult skills
Authors: Pensiero Nicola , Green Andy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the contribution of post‐compulsory education and training systems to the development of literacy and numeracy skills across OECD countries. While there is extensive cross‐country comparative research on the effects of primary and lower secondary education systems on aggregate skills levels, there has been little comparative analysis of system effects after the end of lower secondary education. This article uses a quasi‐cohort analysis of the tested literacy and numeracy skills of 15‐year‐olds in PISA 2000 and 27‐year‐olds in the 2011 OECD Survey of Adult Skills (SAS) to estimate the gains in different countries in mean levels of competence in literacy and numeracy. We found that Nordic countries (Norway and Sweden) with comprehensive upper secondary education and training systems and German‐speaking countries (Austria and Germany) with dual systems of apprenticeship were particular effective, whilst countries with mixed systems (England, Ireland, Northern Ireland and Spain) showed a relative decline in both literacy and numeracy. The education system characteristics that account for these differences are (a) the inclusiveness – as proxied by high rates of participation at 17/18 and low social gradients of level 3 completion; (b) the esteem of vocational programmes; and (c) curriculum standardisation with regard to the study of maths and the national language.
PlGF and sFlt‐1 levels in patients with non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia: Correlations with markers of iron burden and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Kelaidi Charikleia , Kattamis Antonis , Apostolakou Filia , Poziopoulos Christos , Lazaropoulou Christina , Delaporta Polyxeni , Kanavaki Ino , Papassotiriou Ioannis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundLevels of the angiogenic cytokines placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble Fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) and the angiogenic balance, expressed by sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio, are perturbed in sickle‐cell disease and iron overload, but they have not been evaluated in non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassemia (NTDT).Patients and MethodsWe measured levels of PlGF, sFlt‐1 and vWF:antigen in patients with NTDT of beta‐thalassemia genotype, and correlated them with erythrocytic indices and markers of iron overload, inflammation, and tissue hypoxia. Thirty‐four NTDT patients with mean hemoglobin level of 8.4 g/dL were included in the study along with 20 apparently healthy individuals who served as controls.ResultsFerritin, LDH, and hs‐CRP were higher in patients as compared to controls. We found significant differences between patients and controls in regard to levels of PlGF (52.2 vs 17.2 pg/mL, P < .001), sFlt‐1/PlGF (2 vs 4.7, P < .001), and vWF:antigen (88 vs 77.1 IU/dL, P < .01). There was a strong correlation of ferritin with PlGF (r = .653, P < .001) and with vWF:antigen (r = .503, P = .003).ConclusionsIn this study, we demonstrated an association between increased PlGF and iron overload and the degree of tissue hypoxia in patients with NTDT. High vWF:antigen expressing endothelial damage may be associated with specific NTDT comorbidities.
Multisensory integration of speech sounds with letters vs. visual speech: only visual speech induces the mismatch negativity
Authors: Stekelenburg Jeroen J. , Keetels Mirjam , Vroomen Jean 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that the vision of lip movements can alter the perception of auditory speech syllables (McGurk effect). While there is ample evidence for integration of text and auditory speech, there are only a few studies on the orthographic equivalent of the McGurk effect. Here, we examined whether written text, like visual speech, can induce an illusory change in the perception of speech sounds on both the behavioural and neural levels. In a sound categorization task, we found that both text and visual speech changed the identity of speech sounds from an /aba/‐/ada/ continuum, but the size of this audiovisual effect was considerably smaller for text than visual speech. To examine at which level in the information processing hierarchy these multisensory interactions occur, we recorded electroencephalography in an audiovisual mismatch negativity (MMN, a component of the event‐related potential reflecting preattentive auditory change detection) paradigm in which deviant text or visual speech was used to induce an illusory change in a sequence of ambiguous sounds halfway between /aba/ and /ada/. We found that only deviant visual speech induced an MMN, but not deviant text, which induced a late P3‐like positive potential. These results demonstrate that text has much weaker effects on sound processing than visual speech does, possibly because text has different biological roots than visual speech.
TrkB signalling pathway mediates the protective effects of exercise in the diabetic rat retina
Authors: Allen Rachael S. , Hanif Adam M. , Gogniat Marissa A. , Prall Brian C. , Haider Raza , Aung Moe H. , Prunty Megan C. , Mees Lukas M. , Coulter Monica M. , Motz Cara T. , Boatright Jeffrey H. , Pardue Machelle T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of vision loss. Treatment options for early retinopathy are sparse. Exercise protects dying photoreceptors in models of retinal degeneration, thereby preserving vision. We tested the protective effects of exercise on retinal and cognitive deficits in a type 1 diabetes model and determined whether the TrkB pathway mediates this effect. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Long Evans rats via streptozotocin injection (STZ; 100 mg/kg). Following confirmed hyperglycaemia, both control and diabetic rats underwent treadmill exercise for 30 min, 5 days/week at 0 m/min (inactive groups) or 15 m/min (active groups) for 8 weeks. A TrkB receptor antagonist (ANA‐12), or vehicle, was injected 2.5 h before exercise training. We measured spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity using optokinetic tracking biweekly post‐STZ; retinal function using electroretinography at 4 and 8 weeks; and cognitive function and exploratory behaviour using Y‐maze at 8 weeks. Retinal neurotrophin‐4 was measured using ELISA. Compared with non‐diabetic controls, diabetic rats showed significantly reduced spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity, delayed electroretinogram oscillatory potential and flicker implicit times and reduced cognitive function and exploratory behaviour. Exercise interventions significantly delayed the appearance of all deficits, except for exploratory behaviour. Treatment with ANA‐12 significantly reduced this protection, suggesting a TrkB‐mediated mechanism. Despite this, no changes in retinal neurotrohin‐4 were observed with diabetes or exercise. Exercise protected against early visual and cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats, suggesting that exercise interventions started after hyperglycaemia diagnosis may be a beneficial treatment. The translational potential is high, given that exercise treatment is non‐invasive, patient controlled and inexpensive.