bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoredox Alkylarylation of N‐Benzyl‐N‐(2‐ethynylaryl)‐Amides with α‐Bromoalkyl Esters: Access to Dibenzazepines
Authors: Zhang Ting‐Ting , Luo Mu‐Jia , Teng Fan , Li Yang , Hu Ming , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new two‐component alkylarylation of N‐benzyl‐N‐(2‐ethynylaryl)amides with α‐bromoalkyl esters using visible light photoredox catalysis promoted by silver salts for producing substituted dibenzazepines is described. Employing α‐bromoalkyl esters to form the alkyl carbon‐centered radicals enables the alkylarylation of alkynes where two carbon‐centered functional groups are introduced across the C≡C bond in a single reaction.magnified image
Small Gold Quantum Probes for Drug‐Free Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Agarwal Ayushi , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan , Tan Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGold quantum dots (QDs) have emerged as a distinct approach for cancer theranostics by using labeled and functionalized chemotherapeutic‐drug to realize its detection and chemotherapeutic functions. However, the toxicity induced by chemical‐based synthesis, their nonspecific accumulation in healthy tissues and organs hamper its translation to clinical applications. QDs are functionalized/labeled to reduce their toxicity and helps the QDs' cellular‐uptake. In addition, labeling increases the overall hydrodynamic size of QDs, which limits the dispersion, impedes efficient renal clearance and causes the accumulation of QDs in organs. Therefore, the unique properties that arise from quantum‐size (less than 5nm) are lost. Reports on the effect of real quantum‐size on cell‐interaction are, to date, limited. In this work, the concept of a small‐sized self‐functionalized pristine bright quantum gold probe (BQGP) for cancer‐theranostics. To the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first time cell‐interaction of BQGPs has been investigated and the results suggest that it can be used for label‐free/drug‐free cancer quantum‐theranostics. The pristine BQGPs demonstrate cancer‐selective cell‐uptake, enabling dosage‐dependent fluorescent detection/differentiation of cancerous‐cells and cancer‐selective cytotoxicity. The fabricated BQGPs demonstrate fluorophore‐free illuminance at a broad‐range of excitation wavelengths and drug‐free cancer‐specific treatment. Moreover, the drug‐free BQGPs may find advantages in fighting drug‐resistant cancers.
High‐Output Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Dual Inductive and Resonance Effects‐Controlled Highly Transparent Polyimide for Self‐Powered Sensor Network Systems
Authors: Lee Jae Won , Jung Sungwoo , Lee Tae Won , Jo Jinhyeong , Chae Hee Young , Choi Keunsu , Kim Jae Joon , Lee Jun Hee , Yang Changduk , Baik Jeong Min 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐output triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are demonstrated based on polyimide (PI)‐based polymers by introducing functionalities (e.g., electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups) into the backbone. The TENG based on 6FDA‐APS PI, possessing the most negative electrostatic potential and the low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, produces the highest effective charge density of about 860 µC m−2 in practical working conditions with the ion injection process. This may be ascribed to the excellent charge‐retention characteristics as well as the enhanced charge transfer capability, which increases the output power by 7 times compared to the commercially available Kapton film‐based TENG. Finally, a 6FDA‐APS‐driven sensor network system is demonstrated, providing the identity of three gases (H2, CO, and NO2) by illuminating the light‐emitting diodes within several seconds.
Role of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in the Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Atiquzzaman Mohammad , Karim Mohammad E. , Kopec Jacek , Wong Hubert , Anis Aslam H. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo elucidate the role of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among osteoarthritis (OA) patients.MethodsThis longitudinal study was based on linked health administrative data from British Columbia, Canada. From a population‐based cohort of 720,055 British Columbians, we selected 7,743 OA patients and 23,229 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐OA controls. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of developing incident CVD (primary outcome) as well as ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke (secondary outcomes). To estimate the mediating effect of NSAIDs, defined as current use of an NSAID according to linked PharmaNet data, in the OA–CVD relationship, we implemented a marginal structural model.ResultsOA patients had a higher risk of developing CVD than controls without OA. After adjusting for socioeconomic status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Romano comorbidity score, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.23 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.17–1.28). The adjusted HRs for congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke were 1.42 (95% CI 1.33–1.51), 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.26), and 1.14 (95% CI 1.07–1.22), respectively. Approximately 41% of the total effect of OA on increased CVD risk was mediated through NSAIDs. For the secondary outcomes, the proportion mediated through NSAIDs was 23%, 56%, and 64% for congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, respectively.ConclusionThe findings of this first study to evaluate the mediating role of NSAIDs in the relationship between OA and CVD suggest that NSAID use contributes substantially to the OA–CVD association.
A multiple‐site field study of stabilized hydrogen peroxide for drinking water disinfection
Authors: Vadasarukkai Yamuna S. , Guo Xinhai (August) , Tyssen Robert , Hares Joanna El , Feyen Ludo , Liss Steven N. , Shubat Jim , Abernethy Robert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examined the impact of changing the secondary disinfectant from chlorine to a stabilized hydrogen peroxide (SHP) in three full‐scale drinking water treatment plants serving small communities in the provinces of Ontario and Newfoundland, Canada. In all three communities, the SHP residuals were maintained within the limits specified by local regulators, with the exception of one of the sites in Newfoundland, where residuals were outside these limits on several occasions during the study. Following the transition to the SHP system, total coliforms and Escherichia coli consistently tested negative (nondetected) in all cases. Switching to the SHP system reduced concentrations of total trihalomethanes to 22–44 μg/L and total haloacetic acids to 47–70 μg/L, corresponding to 72 ± 9 and 67 ± 11% reductions, respectively. The present study indicated that changing the secondary disinfectant to SHP did not negatively affect the polyvinyl chloride and ductileiron pipes in the distribution systems studied.
The Obvious in a Nutshell: Science, Medicine, Knowledge, and History
Authors: De Sio Fabio , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe scope and mission of the history of science have been constant objects of reflection and debate within the profession. Recently, Lorraine Daston has called for a shift of focus: from the history of science to the history of knowledge. Such a move is an attempt at broadening the field and ridding it of the contradictions deriving from its modernist myth of origin and principle of demarcation. Taking the move from a pluralistic concept of medicine, the present paper explores the actual and possible contributions that a history of knowledge can offer to the history of medicine in particular. As we will argue, the history of medicine has always been a history of knowledge, but for good reasons has always stuck to the concept ofmedicineas its object and problem throughout the ages, including the modern,scientificone. We argue that, in the history of medicine, the demarcation between scientific and non‐scientific represents an accident, but is not foundational as in the case of natural science. Furthermore, the history of medicine programmatically played a role in at least two academic domains (history proper and medical education), adjusting historical narratives of medical knowledge to its audience. Accordingly, we underscore that the history of both science and medicine, as traditionally defined, already provides room for almost the whole spectrum of approaches to history. Moreover, their different myths of origin can, and indeed must, be included in the reflexivity of the historical gaze. We argue that the position towards a history of science, medicine, or knowledge is not a question of narrative or theory, rather, it is a question of relevance and awareness of extant contexts.
Partisans and the Use of KnowledgeversusScience
Authors: Staley Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the kind of knowledge that partisans profess in order to contribute to our studies of what has usually been thought of as the “denial of science.” Building on the research of Robert Proctor, Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway, I show that the tobacco interests and climate science skeptics usually described as “doubt mongers” also purveyed forms of certainty and rested their arguments on three different registers of truth: that of narrowly defined “facts” that could sustain a controversy, ideological commitments to free enterprise, and the truths of self‐conscious partisans engaged in battle. Thus, in many respects they have used elements of general knowledge, as well as social, economic and political commitments, to argue against specific scientific findings. Further, at least in the case of climate skeptics, this denial has been in the service of an image of the nature of science and its proper relation to politics. Analyzing significant dichotomies in debates that cross the terrains of science and politics, and knowledge and science, I will argue that a clear articulation of the relations amongst them will be critical to our work to understand the character of climate science denial, but also of the climate sciences themselves.
Fe‐Based Complexes as Styrene Aziridination Catalysts: Ligand Substitution Tunes Catalyst Activity
Authors: Coin Guillaume , Patra Ranjan , Clémancey Martin , Dubourdeaux Patrick , Pécaut Jacques , Lebrun Colette , Castro Ludovic , Maldivi Pascale , Chardon‐Noblat Sylvie , Latour Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs part of our effort to improve our understanding of aziridination mechanism, we used tetra substitution of a diphenol ligand to modify the redox properties of corresponding Fe complexes. This allowed us to confirm that aziridination catalysis by Fe‐based complexes is governed by electron affinity of the active species and further show that it correlates with the FeIII/FeII redox potential.
Mesoporous H‐ZSM‐5 for the Conversion of Dimethyl Ether to Hydrocarbons
Authors: Zimmermann Michael C. , Otto Thomas N. , Wodarz Simon , Zevaco Thomas A. , Pitter Stephan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe potential of hierarchical H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites was studied for the conversion of DME to fuel‐compatible hydrocarbons. For this purpose, hierarchical H‐ZSM‐5 zeolites have been prepared from commercial H‐ZSM‐5 by desilication and organosilane‐directed hydrothermal synthesis. The zeolites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, NH3‐TPD, DRIFTS, and N2 physisorption measurements. The catalysts have been tested in a tube reactor (1 bar, 648 K). The results indicate important structural changes in framework and acidic sites, which are significant for the synthesis of gasoline‐range hydrocarbons.
In Situ Derivatization for Boosted Lithium Storage Performance of Fe7S8/C Hollow Nanospheres
Authors: Dai Lanxuan , Tang Dongmei , Shen Chao , Han Yue , Wu Xiaoyu , Wu Huayu , Diao Guowang , Chen Ming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) with an average diameter of 10 nm were grown in situ on the shell of hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (HMCNs) to form a new type of sesame balls‐like Fe3O4/C hollow nanospheres (HNSs) by thermal decomposition. After vulcanization and phosphating, Fe3O4/C HNSs are transformed into Fe7S8/C HNSs and Fe(PO3)2/Fe2O3/C HNSs, respectively. Compared with Fe3O4/C HNSs and Fe(PO3)2/Fe2O3/C HNSs, Fe7S8/C HNSs display good cycling stability as anode material for lithium ion batteries. When the current density is 1 A g−1, the reversible specific capacity of Fe7S8/C HNSs is 1006 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles. The rate performance and electrochemical properties of Fe7S8/C HNSs are significantly improved. Research shows that the capacitive behavior plays a major role in specific capacity contribution of Fe7S8/C HNSs electrode. The anchoring of Fe7S8 NPs on the shell of HMCNs avoids the aggregation of Fe7S8 NPs, promote the conductivity of composite and boost the delivery of electrons. This idea and expedient method of construction can be broadened to synthesize other hollow nanostructured material with preferable electrochemistry performance.
Synergistic Effects of ppm Levels of Palladium on Natural Clinochlore for Reduction of Nitroarenes
Authors: Gholinejad Mohammad , Oftadeh Erfan , Shojafar Mohammad , Sansano José M. , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAugmenting the modified naturally occurring clay clinochlore with ppm amounts of palladium leads to a new and very effective reagent for the reduction of numerous aromatic nitro species. When palladium nanoparticles are supported on pyridyltriazole‐modified clinochlore, iron within clinochlore acts synergistically with palladium to catalyze the reduction of a wide variety of nitroarenes at room temperature in aqueous media. Based on E‐factor calculations, the catalyst system is found to be in line with green chemistry standards and can be recycled up to five times.
Montelukast modifies simvastatin‐induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Hareedy Mohammad S. , Ahmed Esraa A. , Ali Marwa F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMontelukast (MNK) has prominent anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities. It can protect the liver in different hepatotoxic models in animals. Simvastatin (SMV) is one of commonly used lipid lowering drugs for treatment of dyslipidemia in order to reduce cardiovascular disease. It has severe side effects such as myopathy and hepatotoxicity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effect of MNK on SMV‐induced myopathy and hepatotoxicity. Four groups of male rats: control group which received saline via stomach tube, MNK treated group (received 10 mg/kg/day MNK via stomach tube), SMV treated group (received 30 mg/kg/day SMV via stomach tube), and MNK + SMV (combination) group which received both MNK and SMV. All animals were treated for 14 days before obtaining blood and tissue samples. SMV has both hepatotoxic effects and myopathy. SMV caused a significant increase in myoglobin, creatinine kinase, ALT, AST, ALP, and bilirubin but, it decreased total proteins, globulin and albumin levels. Co‐treatment of SMV and MNK increased the antioxidant activity significantly. MNK modifies partially the myopathic changes and hepatotoxic effect of SMV. Co‐administration of MNK and SMV decreased their toxic potentials on the liver, skeletal muscles, and kidney. They have antioxidant activities when given together that produce muscle and hepatic protective effects.
Spidroin in carbopol‐based gel promotes wound healing in earthworm's skin model
Authors: Abd Ellah Noura H. , Abd El‐Aziz Fatma El‐Zahraa A. , Abouelmagd Sara A. , Abd El‐Hamid Basma N. , Hetta Helal F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpider silk's regenerative, biocompatible, and antimicrobial properties render it a promising biomaterial for wound healing promotion. Spidroin as the main protein component of spider silks was used in this study to evaluate the potential effects on wound healing via topical application of novel spidroin‐containing carbopol 934 (CP934) gel. Spidroin was extracted, formulated into CP934 gel, and characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Spidroin gel was translucent and brownish‐yellow in color. An optimum viscosity was obtained at 0.6% CP934 at neutral pH. Optimized spidroin gel (0.6% CP934) effectively inhibited the growth of clinical bacterial isolates of methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli at 440 μg/mL with MIC values of 0.98, 4.6, and 8.2 μg/mL, respectively. Optimized spidroin gel was evaluated for wound healing via topical application on wounds surgically induced in Allolobophora caliginosa earthworms used as a robust human skin model. After application for three consecutive days, dramatic reductions in wound closure and reepithelialization duration were observed macroscopically and via histological studies (light and electron microscopy) when compared with control. In conclusion, these results show that spidroin gel is a promising promoter for wound healing, and further studies would be directed toward investigating mechanisms underlying this effect.
Plasma amyloid and tau as dementia biomarkers in Down syndrome: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Alhajraf Falah , Ness Deborah , Hye Abdul , Strydom Andre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIndividuals with Down syndrome (DS) are at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Discovering reliable biomarkers which could facilitate early AD diagnosis and be used to predict/monitor disease course would be extremely valuable. To examine if analytes in blood related to amyloid plaques may constitute such biomarkers, we conducted meta‐analyses of studies comparing plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) levels between DS individuals and controls, and between DS individuals with and without dementia. PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for studies investigating the relationship between Aβ plasma concentrations and dementia in DS and 10 studies collectively comprising >1,600 adults, including >1,400 individuals with DS, were included. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform meta‐analyses. Meta‐analyses showed higher plasma Aβ40 (SMD = 1.79, 95% CI [1.14, 2.44], Z = 5.40, p < .00001) and plasma Aβ42 levels (SMD = 1.41, 95% CI [1.15, 1.68], Z = 10.46, p < .00001) in DS individuals than controls, and revealed that DS individuals with dementia had higher plasma Aβ40 levels (SMD = 0.23, 95% CI [0.05, 0.41], Z = 2.54, p = .01) and lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratios (SMD = −0.33, 95% CI [−0.63, −0.03], Z = 2.15, p = .03) than DS individuals without dementia. Our results indicate that plasma Aβ40 levels may constitute a promising biomarker for predicting dementia status in individuals with DS. Further investigations using new ultra‐sensitive assays are required to obtain more reliable results and to investigate to what extent these results may be generalizable beyond the DS population.
A Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Nano‐carbon Black for the Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Chlorogenic Acid
Authors: Teker Tugçe , Hasan Ali Mahmood Hasan , Aslanoglu Mehmet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn electrochemical method was developed for the sensitive determination of chlorogenic acid using a boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) modified with nano‐carbon black (nano‐CB). The active surface areas were found to be 0.059 and 0.146 cm2 for the unmodified BDDE, and nano‐CB/BDDE, respectively. Compared with a BDDE, the nano‐CB/BDDE exhibited a well‐defined redox couple for chlorogenic acid. In addition, the plot of the peak current response changing from a square root to a linear dependence on scan rate is attributed to the transition from planar diffusion to surface behaviour. The anodic and cathodic peak separations (ΔEp) were 97 mV and 14 mV at BDDE and nano‐CB/BDDE, respectively. The decrease in ΔEp at the proposed electrode indicated that the process of chlorogenic acid was greatly accelerated. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) exhibited a dynamic range in which the current versus the concentration of chlorogenic acid were linear from 2.0×10−8 to 2.0×10−6 M with a LOD of 4.1×10−9 M (based on 3Sb/m). The nano‐CB modified BDDE provided improved electrochemical behavior, high electrocatalytic activity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility.
Electrochemical Sensing of Ovalbumin Based on the Interaction between Lysozyme Origin/Tyrosine‐rich Peptides Modified on Magnetic Beads and Oligothreonine/Ovalbumin‐origin Peptide
Authors: Sugawara Kazuharu , Ishizaki Sora , Kuramitz Hideki , Kadoya Toshihiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe developed a highly sensitive electrochemical system for the sensing of ovalbumin (OVA). Lysozyme origin/tyrosine‐rich peptides (RNRCKGTDVQAWY4C) were immobilized on magnetic beads, and the competitive reaction between OVA and oligothreonine/OVA origin peptide probe (T8VLLPDEVSG) could then be measured. In a previous study, the detection of OVA at the 10−13 M level was achieved using RNRCKGTDVQAWY4C‐modified beads via a cross‐linker. To improve the sensitivity to OVA, this system uses T8VLLPDEVSG peptide probe to measure the interaction to RNRCKGTDVQAWY4C immobilized on magnetic beads. The peak of Y4C actually was an electron‐transfer peptide, which represented the oxidation of a phenolic hydroxyl group. First, we confirmed that the oxidation response of Y4C was increased based on an improvement in the electron transfer accessibility by oligothreonine. Next, T8VLLPDEVSG peptide probe was used for the electrochemical sensing of OVA in solutions that contained consistent amounts of RNRCKGTDVQAWY4C on magnetic beads. As a result, the peak current decreased as the concentration of OVA increased. The sensitivity to OVA was improved compared with the use of only RNRCKGTDVQAWY4C on magnetic beads. The OVA detection level was 10−14 M, which approximates the results from antibody‐antigen reactions. Consequently, the proposed system is a powerful new concept in protein sensing.
Square‐wave Voltammetry of Two‐step Surface Electrode Mechanisms Coupled with Chemical Reactions – A Theoretical Overview
Authors: Janeva Milkica , Kokoskarova Pavlinka , Maksimova Viktorija , Gulaboski Rubin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSquare‐wave voltammetry (SWV) of so‐called “surface redox reactions” is seen as a simple and efficient tool to quantify large number of drugs, physiologically active substances and other important chemicals. It also provides elegant methods to get access to relevant kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to many lipophilic compounds. Moreover, with this technique we can study activity of various enzymes by exploring the “protein‐film voltammetry” set up. In this work, we focus on theoretical SWV features of four complex surface electrode mechanisms, in which the electron exchange between the working electrode and the studied redox substrate takes place in two successive steps. While we present large number of calculated square‐wave voltammograms, we give hints to recognize particular two‐step surface mechanism, but also to distinguish it from other similar mechanisms. We present plenty of relevant aspects of surface two‐step surface EE, two‐step surface ECE and surface catalytic EEC’ mechanisms. Moreover, we present for the first time a series of theoretical results related to two‐step surface EECrev mechanism (i. e. two‐step surface reaction coupled to follow‐up reversible chemical step). The simulated voltammetric patterns presented in this work can bring relevant aspects to resolve some experimental situations met in voltammetry of many redox enzymes and other important substances whose electrochemical transformation occurs in two‐steps.