bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Separation of Enantiomers Based on Novel Chiral Hierarchical Porous Metal‐Organic Gels
Authors: Ma Yu , Li Aijie , Gao Xiaonan , Huang Fang , Kuang Xuan , Yang Peng , Yue Jieyu , Tang Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal‐organic gel (MOG) matrices with tunable pore sizes ranging from micropore to macropore, derived from microporous metal‐organic coordination polymers (PCPs), has attracted great attention for their enhanced pore accessibility compared with the multifunctional PCP materials themselves. The enhanced pore accessibility of chiral MOGs is especially imperative for mass transfer applications, including enantioseparations and purifications. Here, for the first time, a novel hierarchical porous MOG‐coated SiO2, derived from a chiral metal‐organic coordination polymer, is employed as chiral stationary phase for effective high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of enantiomers. The selected enantiomers with diverse functional groups are all efficiently separated in a few minutes with significantly higher resolution.
Refining initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease after follow‐up: A 4‐year prospective clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Quattrone Aldo , Morelli Maurizio , Vescio Basilio , Nigro Salvatore , Le Piane Emilio , Sabatini Umberto , Caracciolo Manuela , Vescio Virginia , Quattrone Andrea , Barbagallo Gaetano , Stanà Carlo , Nicoletti Giuseppe , Arabia Gennarina , Nisticò Rita , Novellino Fabiana , Salsone Maria 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundNo prospective study of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) has investigated the appearance of vertical gaze abnormalities, a feature suggestive of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).ObjectiveTo identify, within a cohort of patients with an initial diagnosis of PD, those who developed vertical gaze abnormalities during a 4‐year follow‐up, and to investigate the performance of new imaging biomarkers in predicting vertical gaze abnormalities.MethodsA total of 110 patients initially classified as PD and 74 controls were enrolled. All patients underwent clinical assessment at baseline and every year up to the end of the follow‐up. The pons/midbrain area ratio 2.0 and the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 were calculated.ResultsAfter 4‐year follow‐up, 100 of 110 patients maintained the diagnosis of PD, whereas 10 PD patients (9.1%) developed vertical gaze abnormalities, suggesting an alternative diagnosis of PSP‐parkinsonism. At baseline, the Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 was the most accurate biomarker in differentiating PD patients who developed vertical gaze abnormalities from those who maintained an initial diagnosis of PD. At the end of follow‐up, both of these biomarkers accurately distinguished PSP‐parkinsonism from PD.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that a number of patients with an initial diagnosis of PD developed vertical gaze abnormalities during a 4‐year follow‐up, and the diagnosis was changed from PD to PSP‐parkinsonism. In PD patients, baseline Magnetic Resonance Parkinsonism Index 2.0 showed the best performance in predicting the clinical evolution toward a PSP‐parkinsonism phenotype, enabling PSP‐parkinsonism patients to be identified at the earliest stage of the disease for promising disease‐modifying therapies. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Four‐year follow‐up results of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor
Authors: Park Yong‐Sook , Jung Na Young , Na Young Cheol , Chang Jin Woo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFollowing the emergence of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound as a promising tool for movement disorder surgery, thalamotomy for essential tremor using this technique has become a useful tool based on its efficacy and lack of adverse effects. Here, we summarize the 4‐year results of previous reports focusing on the durability of effectiveness of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor.MethodsFrom October 2013 to August 2014, 15 patients with intractable essential tremor were enrolled. Twelve of them completed clinical assessment through 4 years of postoperative follow‐up. Tremor severity, task performance, and disability were measured using the Clinical Rating Scale of Tremor.ResultsThe mean age of the 12 patients was 61.7 ± 8.1 years. Maximally delivered energy was 15,552.4 ± 6574.1 joules. The mean number of sonications was 17.3 ± 1.6. The mean postoperative lesion volume was 82.6 ± 29.023 mm3 and in 1 year was a mean of 9.667 ± 8.573 mm3. Four years postoperatively, improvement of the hand tremor score was 56%, that of the disability score was 63%, that of the postural score was 70%, and that of the action score was 63% compared with baseline; all improvements were significant and sustained over the 4‐year period after thalamotomy. There was no permanent adverse effect throughout the 4‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy exhibits sustained clinical efficacy 4 years after the treatment of intractable essential tremor. Adverse events are generally transient. A large cohort of patients who have undergone magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy with longer follow‐up is needed to confirm our findings. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Study of effects of ifenprodil in patients with methamphetamine dependence: Protocol for an exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kotajima‐Murakami Hiroko , Takano Ayumi , Ogai Yasukazu , Tsukamoto Shotaro , Murakami Maki , Funada Daisuke , Tanibuchi Yuko , Tachimori Hisateru , Maruo Kazushi , Sasaki Tsuyoshi , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsPharmacotherapy for methamphetamine dependence has not yet been developed in Japan or elsewhere in the world. Ifenprodil is a blocker of G protein‐activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels that play a key role in the mechanism of action of addictive substances. Our aim is to examine the safety, efficacy, and outcomes of ifenprodil for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsThe recruitment of outpatients with methamphetamine dependence began in January 2018. The patients will be randomized into three arms: placebo, 60 mg/d ifenprodil, or 120 mg/d ifenprodil. Placebo or ifenprodil will be taken for 84 days. We will use Cerocral fine granule 4%®(ifenprodil tartrate). Follow‐up assessments will be conducted for 84 d after the drug administration period. All of the patients will be assessed by self‐administered questionnaires and urine tests. The primary outcome will be the presence or absence of methamphetamine use during the 84‐day administration period in the 120 mg/d ifenprodil and placebo groups. Secondary outcomes will include the number of days and percentage of days of abstinence from methamphetamine use, positive urine for methamphetamine, relapse risk, and drug craving.DiscussionThis study is the first clinical trial of ifenprodil treatment for methamphetamine dependence and is designed as an intervention test with off‐label drug use. The present study is expected to provide evidence of the effects of ifenprodil treatment on methamphetamine dependence.Trial registryThis trial was registered in theUMINclinical trial registry (UMIN000030849; date of registration: January 17, 2018).
Applying Behavioral Insights to Improve Postsecondary Education Outcomes: A Review of Obama Administration Efforts and Next Steps Under the Trump Administration
Authors: Meyer Katharine , Rosinger Kelly Ochs 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmidst growing public concern in the United States over college access and affordability, federal policymakers have implemented many low‐cost, behaviorally‐informed strategies aimed at simplifying the college‐going process and reducing informational barriers. Our paper reviews recent U.S. federal policies and interventions that draw on insights from the behavioral sciences to help students navigate various stages of the college‐going process and summarizes empirical evidence of these efforts on college outcomes, highlighting variations across interventions and for various student populations. We conclude with up‐to‐date discussions of policy proposals and opportunities for behavioral science applications in postsecondary education.
A phenomenological approach for modelling force enhancement and depression in skeletal muscle tissue
Authors: Seydewitz Robert , Siebert Tobias , Böl Markus 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscles are responsible for numerous amount of different motions in mammals such as running, jumping, and climbing. In order to fully describe the complexity of motions it is important to understand muscle contraction. Experimental investigations revealed a dependency of active forces on the contraction history of muscles, but the theory behind is not well understood. In that sense we suggest a phenomenological model to simulate history effects such as force enhancement and depression.
Diabetes and travel insurance costs: let's talk about remission
Authors: Angelopoulou Kleopatra , Leslie Wilma , McCombie Louise , Lean Mike , Hankey Catherine 
Published: February 2019

The growing global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus places enormous burden on health services and affected individuals. As with other medical diagnoses, the presence of type 2 diabetes will impact on premiums for things such as travel insurance. Interventions which result in remission of what was previously viewed as a chronic progressive disease are attracting interest from health service providers and people with the disease.We investigated the influence of type 2 diabetes status on travel insurance through obtaining quotes for a set number of scenarios from a variety of providers. It was found that at this point there is inconsistency across travel insurance providers in terms of the impact of diabetes status on premiums paid with no specific recommendations for people who meet the criteria for remission coding.People with type 2 diabetes, including those who have achieved remission, should be advised to seek quotes from various providers in order to get the most advantageous cover for premiums paid. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons.
When a harmless procedure causes a life‐threatening problem: a case report of metformin‐associated lactic acidosis following a colonoscopy
Authors: Pessoa Ana , Quintela José , Tavares Sofia , Marques Marta , Pereira Joana , Silva Duarte , Pimentel Rodrigo , Pereira José Manuel 
Published: February 2019

Metformin is the preferred initial pharmacologic agent for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although considered safe, it carries a potential life‐threatening risk of lactic acidosis. Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis is believed to be a consequence of metformin inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and has a mortality ranging between 10–50%. However, its outcome is better than lactic acidosis of other cause with similarly severe acid‐base imbalance.In this article, we describe the case of a 72‐year‐old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting to the emergency department with gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severe lactic acidosis (arterial pH 6.6 and lactate 17mmol/L) and acute kidney injury. Upon obtaining collateral history, the diagnosis of severe metformin‐associated lactic acidosis following a colonoscopy preparation was made. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit for organ support, being ultimately discharged home after one month in hospital. At discharge, she had full neurologic recovery, improvement of renal dysfunction and was under glycaemic control with insulin therapy.Metformin‐associated lactic acidosis’ mortality rate is about half that of the mortality rate seen in individuals with lactic acidosis of other cause. Despite current therapies being effective, preventive measures should always be primal. It is important to educate patients to discontinue this medication when appropriate and keep hydrated. Both upper and lower endoscopies should not be undertaken during the same day, as this further worsens dehydration. Other medications capable of impairing renal function should also be reviewed. Copyright ©
Exosomes in Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Chan Brandon Dow , Wong Wing‐Yan , Lee Magnolia Muk‐Lan , Cho William Chi‐Shing , Yee Benjamin K. , Kwan Yiu Wa , Tai William Chi‐Shing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released by all cell types and involved in local and systemic intercellular communication. In the past decade, research into exosomes has swelled as their important role in the mediation of health and disease has been increasingly established and acknowledged. Exosomes carry a diverse range of cargo including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids derived from their parental cell that, when delivered to the recipient cell, can confer pathogenic or therapeutic effects through modulation of immunity and inflammation. In this review, the role of exosomes on mediation of immune and inflammatory responses, and their participation in diseases with a significant inflammatory component is discussed. The considerable potential for exosomes in therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory diseases is also highlighted.
Single‐breath washout and association with structural lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Yammine Sophie , Ramsey Kathryn A. , Skoric Billy , King Louise , Latzin Philipp , Rosenow Tim , Hall Graham L. , Ranganathan Sarath C. ,   AREST CF
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn children with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung clearance index (LCI) from multiple‐breath washout (MBW) correlates with structural lung disease. As a shorter test, single‐breath washout (SBW) represents an attractive alternative to assess the ventilation distribution, however, data for the correlation with lung imaging are lacking.MethodsWe assessed correlations between phase III slope (SIII) of double‐tracer gas SBW, nitrogen MBW indices (LCI and moment ratios for overall ventilation distribution, Scond, and Sacin for conductive and mainly acinar ventilation, respectively) and structural lung disease assessed by chest computed tomography (CT) in children with CF.ResultsIn a prospective cross‐sectional study data from MBW, SBW, and chest CT were obtained in 32 children with CF with a median (range) age of 8.2 (5.2‐16.3) years. Bronchiectasis was present in 24 (75%) children and air trapping was present in 29 (91%). Median (IQR) SIII of SBW was −138.4 (150.6) mg/mol. We found no association between SIII with either the MBW outcomes or CT scores (n = 23, association with bronchiectasis extent r = 0.10, P = 0.64). LCI and Scond were associated with bronchiectasis extent (n = 23, r = 0.57, P = 0.004; r = 0.60, P = 0.003, respectively).ConclusionsAcinar ventilation inhomogeneity measured by SBW was not associated with structural lung disease on CT. Double‐tracer SBW added no benefit to indices measured by MBW.
Conjugate of Doxorubicin to Albumin‐Binding Peptide Outperforms Aldoxorubicin
Authors: Yousefpour Parisa , Ahn Lucie , Tewksbury Joel , Saha Soumen , Costa Simone A. , Bellucci Joseph J. , Li Xinghai , Chilkoti Ashutosh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractShort circulation time and off‐target toxicity are the main challenges faced by small‐molecule chemotherapeutics. To overcome these shortcomings, an albumin‐binding peptide conjugate of chemotherapeutics is developed that binds specifically to endogenous albumin and harnesses its favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for drug delivery to tumors. A protein‐G‐derived albumin‐binding domain (ABD) is conjugated with doxorubicin (Dox) via a pH‐sensitive linker. One to two Dox molecules are conjugated to ABD without loss of aqueous solubility. The albumin‐binding ABD–Dox conjugate exhibits nanomolar affinity for human and mouse albumin, and upon administration in mice, shows a plasma half‐life of 29.4 h, which is close to that of mouse albumin. Additionally, 2 h after administration, ABD–Dox exhibits an approximately 4‐fold higher concentration in the tumor than free Dox. Free Dox clears quickly from the tumor, while ABD–Dox maintains a steady concentration in the tumor for at least 72 h, so that its relative accumulation at 72 h is ≈120‐fold greater than that of free Dox. The improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of ABD–Dox result in enhanced therapeutic efficacy in syngeneic C26 colon carcinoma and MIA PaCa‐2 pancreatic tumor xenografts, compared with free Dox and aldoxorubicin, an albumin‐reactive Dox prodrug currently in clinical development.
Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the Ocellularia clade (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)
Authors: Rivas Plata Eimy , Lücking Robert , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, an extended molecular phylogeny was generated for the Ocellularia clade, which includes about half of the species that were previously separated in the family Thelotremataceae. Three genes (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB2), from a total of 270 OTUs with 136 ingroup species, were sequenced to evaluate whether the core genera, Ocellularia and Myriotrema, form monophyletic clades or split into several lineages. Further, we tested the usefulness of phenotypic characters for circumscrib ing monophyletic groups. Besides a maximum likelihood analysis, we incorporated the novel method of morphology‐based 'phylogenetic binning', which allowed us to weight the morphological characters in those taxa with molecular data available and then predict the phylogenetic classification for over 200 additional species for which no molecular data are currently available. Our results showed that the large genera Myriotrema, Ocellularia, and Stegobolus are polyphyletic. For some of the previously unrecognized lineages, older generic names are available (Rhabdodiscus, Ocellis, Stigmagora, Antrocarpum, Macropyrenium). Some previously separated genera, such as Ampliotrema and Gyrotrema, were found to be nested within a large clade currently recognized as Ocellularia s.l. For this clade, no meaningful generic subdivision could be established based on the available data, and we proposed to recognize distinct subclades at the subgenus level. One new genus, Compositrema, was also discovered, and a second new genus, Glaucotrema, is established for the Myriotrema glaucophaenum group. Further, the genus Rhabdodiscus is reinstated formally. We found a high level of homoplasy (parallel evolution) of phenotype characters previously used for classification purposes, such as excipular carbonization, columella morphology, and ascospore size, septation, and pigmentation. Secondary chemistry, on the other hand, was remarkably uniform in most clades. Some clades also exhibit a high level of disparity of ascoma morphology. Thus, the very distinctive Gyrotrema‐type apothecia occur in a clade nested within and genetically very similar to Ocellularia s.str.
Morphology, ploidy and molecular phylogenetics reveal a new diploid species from Africa in the baobab genus Adansonia (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae)
Authors: Pettigrew FRS Jack D. , Bell Karen L. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Grinan Eunice , Jillani Ngalla , Meyer Jean , Wabuyele Emily , Vickers Claudia E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Adansonia has a disjunct geographical distribution: six species are endemic in Madagascar, one in Africa, and one in Australia. The well‐known African baobab (Adansonia digitata) is an iconic tree with considerable ethnobotanical significance. In contrast to the other seven species, which are diploid, A. digitata is tetraploid. A common ancestor of A. digitata and the other diploid baobab species would be diploid; however, there are no diploid species recorded on the African mainland. Examining variation in floral and pollen characters and chromosome number in specimens from Africa identified a new diploid baobab species, Adansonia kilima sp. nov., which co‐exists with A. digitata in Africa. Adansonia kilima is restricted to moderate elevations (650–1500 m), in contrast to A. digitata, which is widespread throughout Africa but prefers elevations below 800 m. Adansonia kilima is superficially similar to A. digitata, but can be differentiated on the basis of floral morphology, pollen, and chromosome number. We used two chloroplast DNA markers and the nuclear ITS to examine phylogenetic relationships within Adansonia. Three lineages were observed: one containing the Malagasy species, one containing the Australian species, and one containing the African species. The relationships between these clades were difficult to resolve, but a link between the African and Australian clades emerged when the analysis used fewer replicate samples of individual Malagasy taxa, included indel characters and included fewer outgroup taxa. The ITS phylogeny demonstrated that A. digitata and A. kilima are genetically similar, suggesting that tetraploidy evolved relatively recently.
Resolution of the nomenclature for niu‐chang‐chih (Taiwanofungus camphoratus), an important medicinal polypore
Authors: Wu Sheng-Hua , Kirk Paul M. , Redhead Scott A. , Stalpers Joost A. , Dai Yu-Cheng , Norvell Lorelei L. , Yang Zhu-Liang , Ryvarden Leif , Su Ching-Hua , Li Yu , Zhuang Wen-Ying , Yao Yi-Jian , Chen Chee-Jen , Chen Lung-Chung , Yu Zhi-He , Wang Xin-Cun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNiu‐chang‐chih, a medicinal polypore restricted to Taiwan on the endemic tree species Cinnamomum kanehirae, currently goes by the names Antrodia cinnamomea T.T. Chang & W.N. Chou, A. camphorata (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu & al., and Taiwanofungus camphoratus (M. Zang & C.H. Su) Sheng H. Wu & al., the latter two based on Ganoderma camphoratum M. Zang & C.H. Su. The basidiocarps on the holotypes for the two basionyms Antrodia cinnamomea and Ganoderma camphoratum are of niu‐chang‐chih. The first validly published name that was applied to this species was G. camphoratum M. Zang & C.H. Su published in 1990. However, the original type of G. camphoratum consisted of mixed material, consisting chiefly of a basidiocarp of niu‐chang‐chih but also of the spores of another unrelated fungus. The two elements are represented in the original description and accompanying illustrations. Later Chang & Chou (2004) lectotypifed G. camphoratum limiting it to the spores described and illustrated by Zang and Su, the only portion of the original type that Chang and Chou believed to belong in Ganoderma, and applied the name Antrodia cinnamomea Chang & Chou (1995) to niu‐chang‐chih. Many, however, reject Chang and Chou's conclusions and continue to apply the name Ganoderma camphoratum, and combinations based on it (i.e., Antrodia camphoratum, Taiwanofungus camphoratus), to niu‐chang‐chih, relegating Antrodia cinnamomea to synonymy. Based on careful examination of the type of G. camphoratum, it is concluded that the spores upon which Chang and Chou's lectotype is based are a minor admixture with the original gathering of the niu‐chang‐chih specimen and thus cannot serve as the lectotype for the name Ganoderma camphoratum. Ganoderma camphoratum is lectotypified here so as to exclude the spores present in the original holotype that are not from niu‐chang‐chih. Furthermore, since this conclusion could be subject to challenge and the species is exceptionally important medicinally and economically, we also propose to conserve the name with a conserved type that is consistent with the lectotype effected herein. An overview of the taxonomy of niu‐chang‐chih is also provided and a new combination, Taiwanofungus salmoneus, for a related species is effected.