bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giving children a voice: Concept development and foundation of the first Children's council “mental health” in Germany
Authors: Bartnick Christina , Christiansen Hanna , Schneider Silvia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs summarized by the Lancet Psychiatry Commission on youth mental health (McGorry et al., 2024), the statistics on mental disorders in children are alarming and highlight the need to expand and optimize research on childhood mental health. Although patient and public involvement (PPI) of those affected has the potential to boost both the acceptance and outcomes of research studies, the active involvement of young children, that is, primary school children, in mental health research has been neglected.MethodsBased on the results of our systematic literature analysis of PPI of children in mental health research, the concept development of the Children's Council ‘Mental Health’ was administered in cooperation with several stakeholders and focus groups (practitioners and researchers in the field of clinical psychology and psychotherapy across the lifespan, representatives from three self‐help organizations for mental disorders, children's focus group). The concept was further optimized in collaboration with the German Children's Fund (Deutsches Kinderhilfswerk e. V.).ResultsThe Children's Council was successfully founded with five children aged between 6 and 9 years. Participation is positively received, and each meeting is evaluated using visual measurements. The results from the meetings are presented and discussed. They serve as basis for concrete recommendations for involving young children in mental health research.ConclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured approach involving young children in mental health research studies. The main goal of our study is the direct and immediate empowerment of children, in this case primary school children at the age of 6–12 years. This is associated with a child‐friendly exchange on topics related to mental health, as well as the enhancement of the education process on mental disorders and prevention.
Readmission Rate, Predictors, Outcomes, and Burden of Readmission of Hepatorenal Syndrome in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Sohail Abdullah , Chaudhary Ammad J. , Bhinder Muhammad Mujtaba , Zahid Khadija , Brown Kyle 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNationwide US data on readmission rates for patients with cirrhosis admitted with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is lacking. We reviewed 30‐day readmission rates after HRS‐related hospitalizations, the associated predictors of readmissions, and their impact on resource utilization and mortality in the United States.MethodsWe identified all adults admitted with HRS between 2016 and 2019 using the Nationwide Readmission database of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. The primary outcome was all‐cause 30‐day readmission rate. Secondary outcomes were inpatient mortality rate, predictors of readmission, and resource utilization.ResultsWe identified 245 850 hospitalizations of patients admitted for HRS in the United States from 2016 to 2019. Of these, 214 890 met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 59.16 years, and 61.31% were males. Medicare was the most common primary payer (44.82%) followed by Medicaid (25.58%). The readmission rate was 24.6% within 30 days of discharge from index hospitalization. The most common cause of readmission was alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites (14.87%), followed by sepsis (9.32%) and unspecified hepatic failure (9%). The in‐hospital mortality rate for index hospitalization was 29.52% and 14.35% among those readmitted within 30 days. The mean length of stay (12.33 days vs. 7.15 days, p < 0.01) and hospitalization costs ($44 903 vs. $22 353, p < 0.01) were higher for index hospitalizations than readmissions.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that all‐cause 30‐day readmission and in‐hospital mortality rates after the development of HRS were strikingly high. This warrants health policies and interventions at the institutional level, including close post‐hospital discharge follow‐up, to decrease readmission rates, improve patient outcomes, and reduce cost burden.
Preferences of people living with HIV for features of tuberculosis preventive treatment regimens in Uganda: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Aschmann Hélène E. , Musinguzi Allan , Kadota Jillian L. , Namale Catherine , Kakeeto Juliet , Nakimuli Jane , Akello Lydia , Welishe Fred , Nakitende Anne , Berger Christopher , Dowdy David W. , Cattamanchi Adithya , Semitala Fred C. , Kerkhoff Andrew D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionTuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. While 6 months of daily isoniazid remains widely used, shorter regimens are now available. However, little is known about preferences of PLHIV for key features of TPT regimens.MethodsFrom July to November 2022, we conducted a discrete choice experiment among adult PLHIV engaged in care at an urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Participants chose between two hypothetical TPT regimens with five different features (pills per dose, frequency, duration, need for adjusted antiretroviral therapy [ART] dosage and side effects), organized across nine random choice tasks. We analysed preferences using hierarchical Bayesian estimation, latent class analysis and willingness‐to‐trade simulations.ResultsOf 400 PLHIV, 392 (median age 44, 72% female, 91% TPT‐experienced) had high‐quality choice task responses. Pills per dose was the most important attribute (relative importance 32.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.6–33.2), followed by frequency (20.5% [95% CI 19.7–21.3]), duration (19.5% [95% CI 18.6–20.5]) and need for ART dosage adjustment (18.2% [95% CI 17.2–19.2]). Latent class analysis identified three preference groups: one prioritized less frequent, weekly dosing (N = 222; 57%); another was averse to ART dosage adjustment (N = 107; 27%); and the last prioritized short regimens with fewer side effects (N = 63; 16%). All groups highly valued fewer pills per dose. Overall, participants were willing to accept a regimen of 2.8 months’ additional duration [95% CI: 2.4–3.2] to reduce pills per dose from five to one, 3.6 [95% CI 2.4–4.8] months for weekly rather than daily dosing and 2.2 [95% CI 1.3–3.0] months to avoid ART dosage adjustment.ConclusionsTo align with preferences of PLHIV in Uganda, decision‐makers should prioritize the development and implementation of TPT regimens with fewer pills, less frequent dosing and no need for ART dosage adjustment, rather than focus primarily on duration of treatment.
Synergy Effects of HPV E6‐E7 Encoding mRNA and Nucleic Acid Immunostimulators Improve Therapeutic Potential in TC‐1 Graft Tumor
Authors: He Shuang , Niu Haiying , Zhang Lizhi , Tao Zhonge , Qu Quanxin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women globally and the most prevalent cancer in developing countries, which was caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have opened up new avenues for vaccine development and pandemic preparedness with potent scalability, which may possess the potential antitumor effects of an mRNA‐HPV therapeutic vaccine containing nononcogenic E6 and E7 proteins. Here, we reported a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) plus nucleic acid immunostimulators (CPG 1018 and Poly I:C) mRNA vaccine platform. The LNP‐CPG 1018 capsulated HPV E6‐E7 mRNA significantly promoted the maturation of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDC) in vitro and were capable of efficiently migrating to lymph nodes (LN) in vivo. In TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice, the subcutaneous immunization of LNP‐CPG 1018 capsulated HPV E6‐E7 mRNA elicited robust tumor‐specific T‐cell immunity, reshaped the tumor microenvironment, and inhibited tumor growth. In conclusion, the LNP‐CPG 1018 system is a promising delivery platform for facilitating the development of HPV E6‐E7 mRNA cancer vaccines.
In Vitro Characterization of Inhibition Function of Calcifediol to the Protease Activity of SARS‐COV‐2 PLpro
Authors: Chen Junjie , Zhang Yaya , Zhang Bingchang , Wang Zhanxiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTVitamin D3 and its metabolites calcifediol have been recommended as effective drugs for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) therapy in many studies, since the outbreak of this global dramatic pandemic. In this study, we made a striking discovery that Calcifediol demonstrates robust inhibitive effect on the of the papain‐like cysteine protease (PLpro), a critical proteolytic enzyme for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2(SARS‐COV‐2), through a small‐scale FRET‐based screening experiment. The practical bindings of Calcifediol to PLpro were also demonstrated by several in vitro interaction studies. All the evidence had revealed the inhibition might be caused by the targeted binding event. Consequently, our discovery represents a significant finding that the beneficial therapeutic impact of Calcifediol on COVID‐19 may be attributed not only to its immunoregulatory properties but also to its inhibition of PLpro. This finding strongly bolsters the case for the clinical use of Vitamin D3 and its derivative Calcifediol in the treatment of COVID‐19.
Effects of insulin glargine U300 versus insulin degludec U100 on glycemic variability, hypoglycemia, and diet evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes: a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tsai Pin‐Lun , Lin Chia‐Hung , Huang Yu‐Yao , Chen Hsin‐Yun , Lin Yi‐Hsuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impacts of insulin degludec U100 (Deg‐100) and insulin glargine U300 (Gla‐300) on glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 1 diabetes, as well as the impact of major nutrient components on GV in these patients, remain unclear. This was an observational, cross‐sectional, retrospective study. Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients treated with either Deg‐100 or Gla‐300 as basal insulin were enrolled. After the participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, GV indices and major nutrient components were analyzed. Forty patients with type 1 diabetes were enrolled, and 20 participants used Deg‐100, and 20 used Gla‐300. There was no significant difference in major nutrient components between the two groups. Better GV indices of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, mean amplitude of glycemic excursion, AUCn, M‐value, CONGA1, CONGA2, and CONGA4 were noted in the Gla‐300 group versus Deg‐100 group. Compared with patients who received once‐daily injection in the morning (QD), Deg‐100 administration once daily at bedtime (HS) yielded a higher low blood glucose index during both day and nocturnal periods, indicating a higher risk of hypoglycemic events. By contrast, there were significantly lower levels of CONGA1, CONGA2, and CONGA4 during insulin Gla‐300 QD administration than during HS administration, indicating a lower GV of a short interval. In this real‐world study involving type 1 diabetes patients, Gla‐300 appears to offer more stable glucose variability than Deg‐100. Administering once‐daily injections could lower the risk of hypoglycemia in the Deg‐100 group and minimize GV in the Gla‐300 group compared to bedtime injections.
ELAVL1‐dependent SOAT2 exacerbated the pancreatitis‐like cellular injury of AR42J cells induced by hyperstimulation with caerulein
Authors: Sun Yu‐Jing , Chen Hua‐Ying , Lai Xiao‐Qin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPancreatitis is a severe inflammatory condition characterized by damage to the pancreas. Sterol o‐acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) has been reported to aggravate acute pancreatitis, however, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Rat pancreatic exocrine cells (AR42J) were treated with caerulein to induce pancreatitis‐like cellular injury. Cell viability was determined using a cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay, while cell proliferation was analyzed through a 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay. Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were performed to detect levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and TNF‐α. Additionally, Fe2+ levels were analyzed using a colorimetric assay kit, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed with a Cellular ROS Assay kit, and lipid peroxidation was measured using a malondialdehyde assay kit. Glutathione levels were analyzed with a detection assay. Protein and mRNA expression were evaluated through western blotting and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Furthermore, an RNA immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to investigate the association between ELAV‐like RNA binding protein 1 (ELAVL1) and SOAT2. Actinomycin D assay was performed to explore the effect of ELAVL1 depletion on the transcript stability of SOAT2 mRNA. SOAT2 and ELAVL1 expression were upregulated in caerulein‐exposed AR42J cells. Caerulein treatment induced pancreatitis‐like cellular apoptosis, inflammatory response, ferroptosis, and cell proliferation inhibition. Silencing of SOAT2 protected against caerulein‐induced AR42J cell injury. Moreover, ELAVL1 stabilized SOAT2 mRNA expression in AR42J cells. SOAT2 overexpression attenuated the effects induced by ELAVL1 silencing in caerulein‐exposed AR42J cells. Additionally, ELAVL1 knockdown activated the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway by downregulating SOAT2 expression in caerulein‐exposed AR42J cells. SOAT2 silencing protected AR42J cells from caerulein‐induced injury by inactivating the NRF2 pathway. In conclusion, ELAVL1‐dependent SOAT2 exacerbated pancreatic exocrine cell injury by inactivating the NRF2/HO‐1 pathway in pancreatitis. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying pancreatitis and offer potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this condition.
Histopathology of thermal effects in endoscopic ear surgery: An experimental animal study
Authors: Kaya İsa , Şahin Fetih Furkan , Uyanıkgil Yiğit , Tomruk Canberk , Şirin Cansın 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe potential risk of thermal damage in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery has been a concerning issue. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological effects of heat exposure of different durations in external auditory canal (EAC) skin and facial nerve tissues.MethodsThis study was conducted on 20 rabbits assigned equally to five groups according to the endoscope‐transmitted heat exposure duration: Control group (no exposure), 2, 10, 15, and 30 min. At the end of the procedure, EAC skin and the tympanic segment of facial nerve tissue samples were taken surgically and histopathologically examined.ResultsSignificant histopathological thermal damage findings in external auditory canal skin and facial nerve tissues were observed under endoscope‐transmitted heat exposure longer than 15 and 10 min, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that prolonged exposure of the endoscope‐transmitted heat can cause histopathological thermal damage in EAC skin and facial nerve on rabbit subjects.
How Does the Largest Cluster in the Strong Network Rule Granular Soil Mechanics? A DEM Study
Authors: Jin Ziyu , Liu Jiaying , Ma Gang , Hu Chengbao , Yang Qihang , Shi Xiusong , Wang Xinquan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe contact network of granular materials is often divided into strong and weak subnetworks, which play different roles in micromechanics. Within the strong contact network, there exists the largest connected component, that is, the largest cluster, which may connect system boundaries and could be the most important structure in force transmission of the whole system. This paper concerns the particular features of the largest cluster in the strong contact network of granular materials, by considering the combining effects of loading path and particle shape. A series of true triaxial tests with various intermediate principal stress ratios are conducted for granular assemblies of different shaped particles using the discrete element method (DEM). Both the macroscopic stress–strain responses and the microscopic topological changes of the contact network are investigated. It is found that both particle shape and loading path will influence the shear strength and the topological features of the strong network. The threshold (the ratio to the average force) is used to distinguish the strong and weak networks, and a critical threshold can be identified by comparing the network‐based metrics. The largest cluster within the strong network approaching the critical threshold can span the boundaries in each direction with minimum contacts, which occupies a small portion of particles and contacts but transmits a considerable portion of the applied stress. In addition, the similar contribution weight of the largest cluster to the deviatoric stress is identified for granular materials with different particle shapes.
An IRK‐QCD Scheme for the Space Fractional Diffusion Equation and Block‐Lower‐Triangle Preconditioners for the Corresponding Linear Systems
Authors: She Zi‐Hang , Qiu Yi‐Feng , Chen Xu , Lin Fu‐Rong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel high‐order finite difference scheme with temporally and spatially fourth‐order accuracy, called the implicit Runge‐Kutta‐quasi‐compact difference (IRK‐QCD) scheme, is proposed for one‐ and two‐dimensional space fractional diffusion equations (SFDEs). Firstly, the quasi‐compact difference (QCD) operator is used to approximate the space Riemann‐Liouville fractional derivative, which results in a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Then an implicit Runge‐Kutta (IRK) method is applied to discretize the resulted ODEs. The unconditionally stability and the fourth order convergence rate of the IRK‐QCD scheme are theoretically established. Block‐lower‐triangular (BLT) preconditioners are employed for the discretization linear systems. We prove that the eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix lie in disc , independent of discretization step‐sizes and fractional order(s). We also prove that the condition number of the preconditioned matrix has a uniform upper bound. Numerical experiments, including an empirical example, are implemented to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Debunking the Myth: Should Pierre Robin be Credited for Defining the Pierre Robin Sequence?
Authors: Leger Maëlys , Baudouin Robin , Thierry Briac 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Pierre Robin Sequence is a rare craniofacial malformation that invariably combines retrognathism, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, with a prevalence ranging from 1 in 8000 to 1 in 14,000 newborns. Although formally described by the French physician Pierre Robin in 1923, older and even ancient as far back as the Babylonian times, descriptions have been identified. Dr Pierre Robin's perspicacity lay in putting up a treatment for the patients presenting those symptoms. That is why his successors honored his work by naming this disease after him.
The Role of Diet in Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea
Authors: Dedhia Kavita , Tindall Alyssa , Karpink Jillian , Williams Ashley , Giordano Terri , Stallings Virginia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the role of diet quality in children with tympanostomy tube placement (TTP) complicated by tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO).Study DesignThree‐day 24‐hour diet recall.SettingTertiary care medical center.MethodsChildren between the ages of 2 to 6 years old with TTP performed 6 months to 2 years prior to enrollment were included. Children with a history of Down syndrome, cleft palate, craniofacial syndromes, known immunodeficiency, g‐tube dependent, or a non‐English speaking family were excluded. The primary outcome variable was TTO. The primary predictor was total caloric intake measured by percent estimated energy rate (%EER).ResultsA total of 120 families completed the 3‐day diet recall. The median age was 27 months (interquartile range: 7.9‐68.5), with 57% male sex. Most children reported dietary intake within the recommended range percent intake for carbohydrates and fat and less than recommended range for percent vitamin D. Within this cohort 63 (52.5%) participants had >1 TTO episode and 57 (47.5%) 1 TTO episode. Children with an EER% that was average or high were at higher odds of >1 TTO episodes compared to participants with a low EER% with ORs of 4.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 15.6) and 5.7 (95% CI: 1.5, 22.1) respectively.ConclusionChildren with a typical or high total daily caloric intake are approximately 5 to 6 times more likely to have multiple TTO episodes compared to those with low intake.
Stabilization of topology optimization problems using Voronoi tessellations
Authors: Kikis Georgia , Sauren Bjorn , Birk Carolin , Klinkel Sven 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTopology optimization, which is widely used in mechanical and aerospace engineering, has found its way into civil engineering. Here, progress made in additive manufacturing as well as new high‐performance materials allow for the construction of novel and complex geometric designs. Polygonal elements facilitate more flexible mesh generation and proper representation of these complex‐shaped design domains as well as their optimized versions. Additionally, local h‐refinement can be employed efficiently. In this contribution Voronoi tessellations are used, which represent a highly efficient discretization technique that enables the polygonization of any structure. However, special finite element formulations have to be introduced due to the polygonal element geometries. The focus in this contribution lies on the determination of a structure's optimal material distribution, while maximizing its stiffness, that is, minimizing its compliance. The topology optimization problem is analogous to a mixed variational problem and shows the same numerical instability, known as checkerboarding. In this case, in certain regions, void and solid elements are alternating. It is shown that the use of polygonal finite elements with Voronoi tessellations avoids this phenomenon and leads to stable solutions. Several numerical examples are considered and the results are compared to the standard finite element formulation using quadrilateral elements, which are polluted by spurious checkerboard modes.
On the finite Radon transform for the computational homogenization of conductivity
Authors: Jabs Lukas , Schneider Matti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the computational homogenization of thermal conductivity problems using a finite Radon transform as proposed by Derraz and coworkers, implemented using the Fourier slice theorem to allow utilization of the fast Fourier transform‐based frameworks and methods. For the finite Radon transform both the original approach and the consistent approach proposed by Jabs and Schneider are used. The two discretizations are compared to the Moulinec–Suquet discretization using numerical examples. In doing so the convergence of the consistent approach is shown and the discussion of the original Radon approach is extended.
A divergence‐conforming method for flow and double‐diffusive transport
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Khan Arbaz , Méndez Paul E. , Ruiz‐Baier Ricardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe results of a recent extension of the analysis of an ‐conforming method for a model of double‐diffusive flow in porous media introduced in [Bürger, Méndez, Ruiz‐Baier, SINUM (2019), 57:1318–1343] to the time‐dependent case are summarized. These include the efficiency and reliability of residual‐based a posteriori error estimators for the steady, semi‐discrete, and fully discrete problems. The method consists of Brezzi–Douglas–Marini approximations for velocity and compatible piecewise discontinuous pressures, whereas Lagrangian elements are used for concentration and salinity. Novel numerical tests confirm the accuracy of the method and illustrate its application to a salinity‐driven problem of sedimentation.