bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis and acute complications at the first onset of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children: a nationwide survey in Japan (JP-SHINE study)
Authors: Sato Mai , Ishikura Kenji , Ando Takashi , Kikunaga Kaori , Terano Chikako , Hamada Riku , Ishimori Shingo , Hamasaki Yuko , Araki Yoshinori , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Nakanishi Koichi , Nakazato Hitoshi , Matsuyama Takeshi , Iijima Kazumoto , Yoshikawa Norishige , Ito Shuichi , Honda Masataka ,   the Japanese Pediatric Survey Holding Information of Nephrotic Syndrome (JP-SHINE) study of the Japanese Study Group of Renal Disease in Children
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the epidemiology of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children, complications of INS and the side effects of steroid therapy is scarce.MethodsThe Japanese Pediatric Survey Holding Information of Nephrotic Syndrome, a nationwide cohort study, was conducted by the Japanese Study Group of Renal Disease in Children and enrolled 2099 children with newly diagnosed INS between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012. We conducted a follow-up study of the complications during the first onset and the patients’ prognosis in this cohort.ResultsWe obtained follow-up data on 999 children (672 males) with a median age at onset of 4.5 years [interquartile range (IQR) 2.8–9.4] and a median follow-up period of 4.1 years (IQR 2.5–5.1). At the first onset, 24% of patients experienced severe acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as a serum creatinine increase to a level two or more times the baseline. On logistic regression analysis, age, hematuria, severe hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin &lt;1.0 g/dL) and severe bacterial infection were not independent factors, but female sex {hazard ratio [HR] 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.7]} and hypertension [HR 4.0 (95% CI 2.6–6.0)] were significantly related to AKI. During the observation period, ocular hypertension requiring treatment occurred in 17.4% of patients, among which 0.4% received surgical treatment. Progression to frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in 3 years was seen in 44.2% of the patients and was shown by the Cox regression analysis to be significantly related to younger age and days until remission at the first episode, but not to sex, hematuria, the minimum serum albumin level or AKI. Two patients died during the observation period. One patient showed progression to end-stage kidney disease.ConclusionBased on the results of a multicenter questionnaire survey, the overall survival and renal survival rates were found to be excellent. However, proper management of complications, particularly in AKI and ocular hypertension, is mandatory.
Facial Sensory Restoration After Trigeminal Sensory Rhizotomy by Collateral Sprouting From the Occipital Nerves
Authors: Freeman Lindsey , Wu Osmond C , Sweet Jennifer , Cohen Mark , Smith Gabriel A , Miller Jonathan P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Lesioning procedures are effective for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), but late pain recurrence associated with sensory recovery is common. We report a case of recurrence of type 1A TN and recovery of facial sensory function after trigeminal rhizotomy associated with collateral sprouting from upper cervical spinal nerves.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 41-yr-old woman presented 2 yr after open left trigeminal sensory rhizotomy for TN with pain-free anesthesia in the entire left trigeminal nerve distribution. Over 18 mo, she developed gradual recovery of facial sensation migrating anteromedially from the occipital region, eventually extending to the midpupillary line across the distribution of all trigeminal nerve branches. She reported recurrence of her triggered lancinating TN pain isolated to the area of recovered sensation with no pain in anesthetic areas. Nerve ultrasound demonstrated enlargement of ipsilateral greater and lesser occipital nerves, and occipital nerve block restored facial anesthesia and resolved her pain, indicating that recovered facial sensation was provided exclusively by the upper cervical spinal nerves. She underwent C2/C3 ganglionectomy, and ganglia were observed to be hypertrophic. Postoperatively, trigeminal anesthesia was restored with complete resolution of pain that persisted at 12-mo follow-up.

CONCLUSION
This is the first documented case of a spinal nerve innervating a cranial dermatome by collateral sprouting after cranial nerve injury. The fact that typical TN pain can occur even when sensation is mediated by spinal nerves suggests that the disorder can be centrally mediated and late failure after lesioning procedures may result from maladaptive reinnervation.
Overview of Different Flow Diverters and Flow Dynamics
Authors: Maragkos Georgios A , Dmytriw Adam A , Salem Mohamed M , Tutino Vincent M , Meng Hui , Cognard Christophe , Machi Paolo , Krings Timo , Mendes Pereira Vitor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Over the past decade, flow diverter technology for endocranial aneurysms has seen rapid evolution, with the development of new devices quickly outpacing the clinical evidence base. However, flow diversion has not yet been directly compared to surgical aneurysm clipping or other endovascular procedures. The oldest and most well-studied device is the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED; Medtronic), recently transitioned to the Pipeline Flex (Medtronic), which still has sparse data regarding outcomes. To date, other flow diverting devices have not been shown to outperform the PED, although information comes primarily from retrospective studies with short follow-up, which are not always comparable. Because of this lack of high-quality outcome data, no reliable recommendations can be made for choosing among flow diversion devices yet. Moreover, the decision to proceed with flow diversion should be individualized to each patient. In this work, we wish to provide a comprehensive overview of the technical specifications of all flow diverter devices currently available, accompanied by a succinct description of the evidence base surrounding each device.
Select Committees: Understanding and Regulating the Emergence of the ‘Topical Inquiry’
Authors: Prescott Craig 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reforms to departmental select committees have enhanced their authority and independence within the House of Commons. Some committees have used this enhanced profile to investigate the actions of specific individuals or private corporations or organisations. Typically, this is in response to media reports that allege some form of wrongdoing. As the standing orders of the House of Commons empower committees to scrutinise government departments and agencies, this is a departure from established practices. This article examines the emergence of these ‘topical inquiries’, determining the features that indicate their value. In particular, topical inquiries that fill an ‘accountability gap’ are the most valuable. An accountability gap arises when other forms of scrutiny or accountability are merely performative or have failed. When conducting a topical inquiry, committees are underpinned by parliamentary privilege, meaning that those subject to criticism have little opportunity to respond regardless of any reputational, commercial or other damage caused. Consequently, if thought a desirable function of Parliament, then topical inquiries require enhanced processes to ensure procedural fairness and to address potential human rights concerns. This would require amending the standing orders specifying topical inquiries as a type of inquiry that a select committee could pursue, complying with this enhanced process.
Interstellar extinction law toward the Galactic center. IV. J, H, and Ks bands from VVV red clump stars
Authors: Nagatomo Schun , Nagata Tetsuya , Nishiyama Shogo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We have determined the wavelength dependence of the extinction in the near-infrared bands (J, H, Ks) toward the Galactic center from the VVV (VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea) aperture photometry of the stars in the region |l| ≲ 2${^{\circ}_{.}}$0 and 0${^{\circ}_{.}}$5 ≲ |b| ≲ 1${^{\circ}_{.}}$0; this region consists of 12 VVV tiles. We have found significant systematic discrepancy up to ∼0.1 mag between the stellar magnitudes of the same stars in overlapping VVV tiles. However, by carefully using the positions of red clump stars in color–magnitude diagrams as a tracer of the extinction and reddening, we are able to determine the average of the ratios of total to selective extinction to be $A(K_{\mathrm{s}}) / E(H-K_{\mathrm{s}}) = 1.44\, \pm \, 0.04$, $A(K_{\mathrm{s}}) / E(J-K_{\mathrm{s}}) = 0.423\, \pm \, 0.024$, $A(H) / E(J-H) = 1.25\, \pm \, 0.04$; from these ratios, a steep power law A(λ) ∝ λ−α whose index α is ∼2.0–2.3 in the J, H, Ks wavelength range is estimated. This wavelength dependence is consistent with those obtained with the Mauna Kea Observatory photometric system employed in the Simultaneous 3-color InfraRed Imager for Unbiased Survey camera attached to the Infrared Survey Facility telescope in previous studies. Such a steep decline of extinction toward the longer wavelengths is also in line with recent results based on deep imaging surveys. The determined extinction law seems to be variable in the VVV from tile to tile, and it is not clear how much of this is due to real sight line variations and how much is due to observational systematic effects. Thus, there might be room for improvement of the extinction law determination from the existing VVV data, but this steep extinction law tends to locate heavily reddened objects in the Galactic plane more distant from us when their distance moduli are calculated from the observed reddening values.
Functional Divergence of PIN1 Paralogous Genes in Rice
Authors: Li Yong , Zhu Jianshu , Wu Lingling , Shao Yanlin , Wu Yunrong , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Auxin is a phytohormone that plays an important role in plant growth and development by forming local concentration gradients. The regulation of auxin levels is determined by the activity of auxin efflux carrier protein PIN-formed (PIN). In Arabidopsis thaliana, PIN-formed1 (PIN1) functions in inflorescence and root development. In rice (Oryza sativa L.), there are four PIN1 homologs (OsPIN1a–1d), but their functions remain largely unexplored. Hence, in this study, we created mutant alleles of PIN1 gene—pin1a, pin1b, pin1c, pin1d, pin1a pin1b and pin1c pin1d— using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and used them to study the functions of the four OsPIN1 paralogs in rice. In wild-type rice, all four OsPIN1 genes were relatively highly expressed in the root than in other tissues. Compared with the wild type, the OsPIN1 single mutants had no dramatic phenotypes, but the pin1a pin1b double mutant had shorter shoots and primary roots, fewer crown roots, reduced root gravitropism, longer root hairs and larger panicle branch angle. Furthermore, the pin1c pin1d double mutant showed no observable phenotype at the seedling stage, but showed naked, pin-shape inflorescence at flowering. These data suggest that OsPIN1a and OsPIN1b are involved in root, shoot and inflorescence development in rice, whereas OsPIN1c and OsPIN1d mainly function in panicle formation. Our study provides basic knowledge that will facilitate the study of auxin transport and signaling in rice.
Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) Reveals the Hub Role of Protein Ubiquitination in the Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance in Boea hygrometrica
Authors: Lin Chih-Ta , Xu Tao , Xing Shi-Lai , Zhao Li , Sun Run-Ze , Liu Yang , Moore John Paul , Deng Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Boea hygrometrica can survive extreme drought conditions and has been used as a model to study desiccation tolerance. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis of B. hygrometrica showed that the plant can survive rapid air-drying after experiencing a slow soil-drying acclimation phase. In addition, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to study the transcriptomic datasets. A network comprising 22 modules was constructed, and seven modules were found to be significantly related to desiccation response using an enrichment analysis. Protein ubiquitination was observed to be a common process linked to hub genes in all the seven modules. Ubiquitin-modified proteins with diversified functions were identified using immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry. The lowest level of ubiquitination was noted at the full soil drying priming stage, which coincided the accumulation of dehydration-responsive gene BhLEA2. The highly conserved RY motif (CATGCA) was identified from the promoters of ubiquitin-related genes that were downregulated in the desiccated samples. An in silico gene expression analysis showed that the negative regulation of ubiquitin-related genes is potentially mediated via a B3 domain-containing transcription repressor VAL1. This study suggests that priming may involve the transcriptional regulation of several major processes, and the transcriptional regulation of genes in protein ubiquitination may play a hub role to deliver acclimation signals to posttranslational level in the acquisition of desiccation tolerance in B. hygrometrica.
Identification and Characterization of Apigenin 6-C-Glucosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Isosaponarin in Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum)
Authors: Mashima Kyoko , Hatano Mayu , Suzuki Hideyuki , Shimosaka Makoto , Taguchi Goro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wasabi (Eutrema japonicum) is a perennial plant native to Japan that is used as a spice because it contains isothiocyanates. It also contains an isosaponarin, 4′-O-glucosyl-6-C-glucosyl apigenin, in its leaves, which has received increasing attention in recent years for its bioactivity, such as its promotion of type-I collagen production. However, its biosynthetic enzymes have not been clarified. In this study, we partially purified a C-glucosyltransferase (CGT) involved in isosaponarin biosynthesis from wasabi leaves and identified the gene coding for it (WjGT1). The encoded protein was similar to UGT84 enzymes and was named UGT84A57. The recombinant enzyme of WjGT1 expressed in Escherichia coli showed C-glucosylation activity toward the 6-position of flavones such as apigenin and luteolin. The enzyme also showed significant activity toward flavonols, but trace or no activity toward flavone 4′-O-glucosides, suggesting that isosaponarin biosynthesis in wasabi plants would proceed by 6-C-glucosylation of apigenin, followed by its 4′-O-glucosylation. Interestingly, the enzyme showed no activity against sinapic acid or p-coumaric acid, which are usually the main substrates of UGT84 enzymes. The accumulation of WjGT1 transcripts was observed mainly in the leaves and flowers of wasabi, in which C-glucosylflavones were accumulated. Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that WjGT1 acquired C-glycosylation activity independently from other reported CGTs after the differentiation of the family Brassicaceae.
Phosphoproteomic Profiling Reveals the Importance of CK2, MAPKs and CDPKs in Response to Phosphate Starvation in Rice
Authors: Yang Jian , Xie Meng-Yang , Yang Xiao-Li , Liu Bao-Hui , Lin Hong-Hui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPhosphorus is one of the most important macronutrients required for plant growth and development. The importance of phosphorylation modification in regulating phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in plants is emerging. We performed phosphoproteomic profiling to characterize proteins whose degree of phosphorylation is altered in response to Pi starvation in rice root. A subset of 554 proteins, including 546 down-phosphorylated and eight up-phosphorylated proteins, exhibited differential phosphorylation in response to Pi starvation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis with the differentially phosphorylated proteins indicated that RNA processing, transport, splicing and translation and carbon metabolism played critical roles in response to Pi starvation in rice. Levels of phosphorylation of four mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including OsMAPK6, five calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and OsCK2β3 decreased in response to Pi starvation. The decreased phosphorylation level of OsMAPK6 was confirmed by Western blotting. Mutation of OsMAPK6 led to Pi accumulation under Pi-sufficient conditions. Motif analysis indicated that the putative MAPK, casein kinase 2 (CK2) and CDPK substrates represented about 54.4%, 21.5% and 4.7%, respectively, of the proteins exhibiting differential phosphorylation. Based on the motif analysis, 191, 151 and 46 candidate substrates for MAPK, CK2 and CDPK were identified. These results indicate that modification of phosphorylation profiles provides complementary information on Pi-starvation-induced processes, with CK2, MAPK and CDPK protein kinase families playing key roles in these processes in rice.
Time for a New Strategy in the War on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaeberlein Matt 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a growing threat to the economic and social well-being of developed countries around the globe, but efforts to delay, prevent, or cure this disorder have yet to yield success. I believe the lack of progress largely results from approaches that ignore the most important component of Alzheimer’s disease: biological aging. Major advances have been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that link biological aging to disease. These mechanisms have been formalized as nine hallmarks, or pillars, of aging. Here, I discuss the barriers that have impaired progress and propose specific steps that can be taken to overcome these barriers. The time has come to adopt bold new strategies that tackle biological aging as the root cause of Alzheimer’s disease.
From Motor Learning Theory to Practice: A Scoping Review of Conceptual Frameworks for Applying Knowledge in Motor Learning to Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Kafri Michal , Atun-Einy Osnat 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The importance of motor learning knowledge for physical therapist practice is well known; however, its application is lacking. Conceptual frameworks that place motor learning knowledge within a clinical context are a potential mediator to overcome this gap.

Purpose
This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of the literature to identify and describe the content of such conceptual frameworks in physical therapy/rehabilitation, including the approaches taken in their development and the “elements” or building blocks of motor learning–based interventions within each conceptual framework.

Data Sources
The data sources used were PubMed, CINAHL, and PsychInfo databases.

Study Selection
Articles that were selected had a primary focus on motor learning and its application in physical therapy/rehabilitation and were published between 2000 and 2017.

Data Extraction
Twelve of 62 relevant articles met the inclusion criteria.

Data Synthesis
Papers attempted to translate theoretical knowledge into a coherent, clinically accessible conceptual framework via 3 main approaches: synthesizing selected motor learning elements into original new conceptual frameworks, mapping motor learning elements in current clinical practices, and assembling selected motor learning elements. The elements of motor learning that were common across papers included theoretical concepts (such as “meaningful goal setting” and “active involvement”); practice variables (including the type, frequency, and timing of feedback; the focus of instructions; task breakdown; and the amount, variability, and order of practice); and intervention strategies (task specific and mental practice). Psychological aspects related to self-efficacy and motivation were also considered integral.

Limitations
Papers published before the year 2000 were excluded.

Conclusion
The scoping review revealed that the presentation of motor learning elements in a coherent framework encompassed very diverse approaches and used different categorization systems. In addition, to fully grasp the complexity of clinical practice, motor learning should be coupled with other fields of knowledge.
Paraneoplastic sarcoidosis: a review
Authors: Herron M , Chong S G , Gleeson L , Nicholson S , Fahy R J 
Published: August 2019

Summary

Background
Sarcoidosis is occasionally seen in association with malignancy, both at the time of cancer diagnosis or during follow up.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to identify patients with paraneoplastic sarcoid, their associated malignancies and disease characteristics.

Methods
We identified 289 patients diagnosed histologically with sarcoidosis over a 6-year period in one centre, from 2010 to 2016. Fifty of these patients had a prior or concomitant diagnosis of cancer.

Results
17.3% of sarcoid cases had an associated malignancy. The most common malignancies were Gastrointestinal (20%), Haematological (18%), Lung (12%), Gynaecological (12%) and Head and Neck cancer (12%). 74% of sarcoid cases had pulmonary disease with sarcoid diagnostic tissue obtained most frequently via endobronchial ultrasound fine needle aspiration (68%). Most sarcoid cases (66%) were diagnosed within the first year of their malignancy diagnosis.

Discussion
Careful consideration needs to be given to the possibility that potential cancer recurrences suspected on imaging studies may indeed be sarcoid reactions.
RADIATION PROTECTION IN THE RELEASE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING 131I TREATMENT
Authors: Mattar Essam , Salih Musheera A , Alsafi K , Suliman I I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Radiation measurements were made to support radiation protection decisions and instructions concerning the release of patients receiving 131I treatment in Sudan. In hyperthyroidism, administered activity ranged from 370 to 1110 MBq (average: 817.8 MBq), and air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients varied from 20 to 66 μGy h−1 (average: 47.0 μGy h−1). For thyroid cancer patients, the administered activity ranged from 3700 to 7400 MBq (average: 4816.2 MBq), and the air-absorbed dose rate at 1 m in front of the patients ranged from 3 to 55 μSv h−1 (average: 19.2 μSv h−1). On average, the contamination activity was highest in the patients’ clothes: 11.0 Bq cm−2, followed by the toilet: 6.6 Bq cm−2 and the front bed: 2.9 Bq cm−2. The estimated release times from the confinement were well with the radiation safety criteria, whereas instruction are given concerning precaution times to limit radiation exposure to family members and co-worker.
CHANGES IN BLOOD COUNT AND LYMPHOCYTE MICRONUCLEI IN PIGLETS AFTER WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION
Authors: Jeličová Marcela , Lierová Anna , Šinkorová Zuzana , Pejchal Jaroslav 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Biodosimetry is focused on effects of ionizing radiation at cellular and molecular levels of living organisms so that a qualified retrospective estimate of radiation load can be made. Two biodosimetry methods were evaluated in irradiated piglets: complete blood count analysis and quantification of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes using a micronucleus test. Animals were whole-body irradiated with gamma radiation at doses of 0–10 Gy. The analysis of complete blood count was performed at intervals ranging from 0 to 48 hours. Micronuclei were measured at 4 hours after irradiation. Changes in lymphocyte counts and increased levels of micronuclei reflected received dose of ionizing radiation.