bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study: lenticule quality of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in rabbits
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhao Feng , Han Tian , Zhao Jing , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate lenticule surface characteristics of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for hyperopia correction in.
Methods: The left and right eyes of 8 rabbits were divided into two groups. The right eyes were assigned to a hyperopia group, and the left eyes to a myopia group. The rabbits received SMILE procedures with +3.00 D and –3.00 D correction for the hyperopia and myopia groups, respectively. Extracted lenticules were examined via scanning electron microscopy. Lenticules from odd-numbered rabbits were accessed with the anterior surface, and lenticules from even-numbered rabbits were observed with the posterior surface. A previously established scoring system was used to evaluate lenticule surface characteristics. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the scores between the two groups.
Results: All procedures were performed successfully, and the lenticules were extracted smoothly. One myopia lenticule that was facing downward was handled failed in preparation for imaging, thus 15 lenticules were ultimately graded. Twelve lenticules exhibited smooth surfaces, and regularly arranged tissue bridges were observed in almost all regions. Three lenticules exhibited a partially rough surface and irregularities affecting more than 10% of the lenticules (2 in the hyperopia group and 1 in the myopia group). There was no significant difference between the scores of the surfaces of the lenticules in the two groups (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The surface quality of lenticules after SMILE for hyperopia correction may be comparable to that of myopia lenticules. Future studies should concentrate on the clinical effect of human hyperopia lenticules.
Ocular disorders in renal transplant patients in Ethiopia.
Authors: Tigabu Lemlem Tamrat , Gebrehanna Ewenat 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background : Renal transplantation has become a very successful and routine procedure of all organ transplant procedures. Visual loss is a rare but potentially devastating ocular complication of organ transplantation. Postoperative therapy with immunosuppressant, steroids and the cause of the end stage renal disease were said to be associated with the development of eye disorders like cataract, high intraocular pressure ,ocular surface disorders, opportunistic infections and neurotoxic conditions. Nowadays, Post transplant patients have better survival rates and enjoy improved quality of life so one should look for complications on time and solve them accordingly. The objective of this study is to determine ocular problems in renal transplant recipients in Ethiopian patients.
Methods: It is a across sectional study done at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College(SPHMMC) from October 2017 to December 2018. All post renal transplant patients who were having follow up at renal transplant unit were taken for the study. Descriptive analysis was done to determine means, frequencies and proportions of the various variables.
Result : There were a total of 135 renal transplant subjects including 95(70.4%) male and 40(29.6 %) female . The mean age of all the study subjects were 34.4+ 12.1(Range 10 - 69) years. The cause of renal diseases is not known in majority of the study subjects 112(83%).More than 95% of all the study subjects were on multiple immunosuppressant therapy. Of all the individuals examined 128(94.8%) of them have one or more eye problems. The most prevalent ocular abnormality detected were dry eye 76(59.4%), optic neuropathies 10 (7.9%),Cataract 8(6.2%) and retinal pigment abnormality 9(7%). There were no significant sight threatening complications observed in relation to the immunosuppressive therapy or the diseases itself.
Conclusions : Dry eye is the most commonest eye problem identified among renal transplant patients which is not related to the prolonged use of immunosuppressives or the end stage renal disease.
Key words: Renal transplant, immunosuppressive, ocular complication, end stage renal disease.
Ocular surface analysis and automatic non-invasive assessment of tear film breakup location, extension and progression in patients with glaucoma
Authors: Guarnieri Adriano , Carnero Elena , Bleau Anne-Marie , Castaño Nicolás López de Aguileta , Ortega Marcos Llorente , Moreno-Montañés Javier 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background

Tear film stability is the key event in ocular surface diseases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate spatial and temporal progression of the tear film break-up using an automatic non-invasive device.

Methods

Non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT) parameters, such as First NITBUT (F-NITBUT) and Average NITBUT (A-NITBUT), were evaluated in 132 glaucoma and 87 control eyes with the Keratograph 5M device. Further analysis of this data was used to determine size, location and progression of tear film break-up with automatically identified break-up areas (BUA). The progression from First BUA (F-BUA) to total BUA (T-BUA) was expressed as Dry Area Growth Rate (DAGR). Differences between both groups were analysed using Student t-test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between parametric variables and Spearman in the case of non-parametric variables.

Results

F-NITBUT was 11.43±7.83 seconds in the control group and 8.17±5.73 in the glaucoma group (P=0.010). A-NITBUT was 14.04±7.21 and 11.82±6.09 seconds in control and glaucoma groups, respectively (P=0.028). F-BUA was higher in the glaucoma group than in the control group (2.73 and 2.28; P=0.022) and was more frequently located at the centre of the cornea in the glaucoma group (P=0.039). T-BUA was also higher in the glaucoma group than in the control group (13.24% and 9.76%; P=0.012) and the DAGR was steeper in the glaucoma group than in the control group (34.38º and 27.15º; P=0.009).

Conclusions

Shorter NITBUT values and bigger, more central tear film break-up locations were observed in the glaucoma group than in the control group. The DAGR indicates that tear film rupture is bigger and increases faster in glaucomatous eyes than in normal eyes.
Efficacy and safety of Dexmedetomidine for prevention of withdrawal syndrome in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Protocol for a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, non-profit clinical trial (TIP-15-01)
Authors: Mondardini Maria Cristina , Conti Giorgio , Caramelli Fabio , Sperotto Francesca , Daverio Marco , Caligiuri Maria Francesca , Vitale Francesca , Cecini Maria Teresa , Piastra Marco , Mancino Aldo , Pettenazzo Andrea , Amigoni Angela 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: Prolonged treatment with analgesic and sedative drugs in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) may lead to undesirable effects as dependence and tolerance. Moreover, during the analgosedation weaning patients may develop clinical signs of withdrawal, known as withdrawal syndrome (WS). Some studies indicated that dexmedetomidine, a selective α2-adrenoceptors agonist, may be useful to prevent WS, but no clear evidences still support this data. Aims of the present study are to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing the occurrence of WS during the analgosedation weaning, to evaluate its safety, to identify its optimal dose-range and to quantify its ability in reducing time of weaning, time of mechanical ventilation and PICU-stay. Methods: We will perform a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to treatment A (dexmedetomidine) or treatment B (placebo). Treatments will be started 24 hours before the analgosedation-weaning and will be continued throughout the whole weaning time. Efficacy of treatments will be evaluated by monitoring the signs of WS using the withdrawal assessment tool version 1 score (WAT-1). If WAT-1 score is ≥3, dexmedetomidine/placebo-dose will be increased following a defined protocol. Thus, efficacy will be compared between treatment groups. Safety will be assessed collecting any potentially-related adverse event. Clinical or sedation characteristics will be analyzed to assess any significant association with outcome measures. The sample size assuring a power of 95% is 80 patients for each group (N total=160 patients). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University-Hospital S.Orsola-Malpighi of Bologna on 22 March 2017. Discussion: The present trial will allow to clearly assess the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in reducing the occurrence of WS during the weaning of analgosedation drugs. In addition, the study will provide a unique insight into the safety profile of dexmedetomidine. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03645603, registered on 24 August 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03645603. Retrospectively registered on EudraCT with ID 2015-002114-80, registered on 2 Jan 2019.
An 8-year follow-up for a woman with a spinal meningeal melanocytoma in S1 Nerve Root: a case report and literature review
Authors: Yin Mengchen , Xu Jinhai , Ye Jie , Ma Junming , Mo Wen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background: Primary melanocytic neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS) are rare lesions arising from leptomeningeal melanocytes. These lesions produce neural deficits that resemble those of a meningioma or a schwannoma radiologically
Case presentation: A tumor around the left S1 root with an extension into the left paraspinal compartment was identified in a 32-year-old female with persistent left leg pain for 6 months. The tumor was hyper-intense on T1-weighted image and hypo-intense on T2-weighted image with a homogeneous enhancement. The clinical features, radiologic presentations, treatment choice and pathologic characteristic were illustrated. The treatment outcome was compared with those reported in the previous literature. The tumor was en-bloc resected with the S1 nerve root reserved. Grossly, the tumor was a soft, capsulated, well-circumscribed black pigmented lesion. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for HMB-45, S-100 protein and vimentin. The patient’s symptoms were greatly relieved postoperatively. No signs of local recurrence were observed.
Conclusion：Spinal meningeal melanocytoma inside the nerve root is rare and benign. It is difficult to diagnose and often misdiagnosed as schwannoma or meningioma. HMB-45 has been suggested as a significant marker for the diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma. Complete surgical resection is recommended as the primary treatment. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other treatments can be selected as adjuvant therapies, but their effects are controversial. The recurrence and metastasis rates also remain unclear.
Key word: spinal meningeal melanocytoma; nerve root; HMB-45; surgical resection; literature review
Strategies for the Recruitment and Retention of Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Alzheimer Disease and Dementia Clinical Research
Authors: Wong Roger , Amano Takashi , Lin Shih-Yin , Zhou Yuanjin , Morrow-Howell Nancy 
Published: March 2019

Background:Racial/ethnic minorities have among the highest risks for Alzheimer disease and dementia, but remain underrepresented in clinical research studies.Objective:To synthesize the current evidence on strategies to recruit and retain racial/ethnic minorities in Alzheimer disease and dementia clinical research.Methods:We conducted a systematic review by searching CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Scopus. We included studies that met four criteria: (1) included a racial/ethnic minority group (African American, Latino, Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander); (2) implemented a recruitment or retention strategy for Alzheimer disease or dementia clinical research; (3) conducted within the U.S.; and (4) published in a peer-reviewed journal.Results:Of the 19 included studies, 14 (73.7%) implemented recruitment strategies and 5 (26.3%) implemented both recruitment and retention strategies. Fifteen studies (78.9%) focused on African Americans, two (10.6%) on both African Americans and Latinos, and two (10.5%) on Asians. All the articles were rated weak in the study quality. Four major themes were identified for the recruitment strategies: community outreach (94.7%), advertisement (57.9%), collaboration with health care providers (42.1%), and referral (21.1%). Three major themes were identified for the retention strategies: follow-up communication (15.8%), maintain community relationship (15.8%), and convenience (10.5%).Conclusion:Our findings highlight several promising recruitment and retention strategies that investigators should prioritize when allocating limited resources, however, additional well-designed studies are needed. By recruiting and retaining more racial/ethnic minorities in Alzheimer disease and dementia research, investigators may better understand the heterogeneity of disease progression among marginalized groups. PROSPERO registration #CRD42018081979.
De Novo Assembly and Transcriptome Profiling of Ethiopian Lowland Bamboo Oxytenanthera Abyssinica (A. rich) Munro Under Drought and Salt Stresses
Authors: Adem Muhamed , Beyene Dereje , Feyissa Tileye , Zhao Kai , Jiang Tingbo 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Bamboos are perennial grasses classified under family Poaceae and subfamily Bambusoideae and are among the fastest growing plants on earth. Despite ecological and economic significances, Ethiopian lowland bamboo (O. abyssinica) lacks global gene expression under abiotic stress.

Methods:
Plastic pot germinated seedlings of O. abyssinica were subjected to 200 µm NaCl and 25% PEG-6000 (Poly Ethylene glycol) to induce salt and drought stress, respectively. Using the Illumina sequencing platform, fifteen cDNA libraries were constructed and sequenced to generate the first drought and salt stress transcriptome profiling of the species so as to elucidate genome-wide transcriptome changes in response to such stresses.

Results:
Following quality control, 754,444,646 clean paired-ends reads were generated, and then de novo assembled into 406,181 unigenes. Functional annotation against the public databases presented annotation of 217,067 (53.4%) unigenes, where NCBI-Nr 203,777, Swissport 115,741, COG 81,632 and KEGG 80,587. Prediction of Transcripts Factors (TFs) have generated 4,332 TFs organized into 64 TF families. Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) provided 65,471 genes where 569 genes belong to all stresses. Protein families with a higher number of differentially expressed genes include bZIP (49), WRKY (43), MYB (38), AP2/ERF (30), HD-ZIP (25) and MYB related (21).

Conclusion:
In addition to revealing the genome-wide level appraisal of transcriptome resources of the species, this study also uncovered the comprehensive understanding of key stress responsive protein-coding genes, protein families and pathways which could be used as the basis for further studies.
Investigating Micronucleus Changes in Mouse Lymphocytes Due to Exposure to Silica Dust
Authors: Golbabaei Farideh , Gholami Abdollah , Teimori-Boghsani Gholamheidar , Kianmehr Mojtaba , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: March 2019

Background and Objectives:Occupational exposure to silica dust has multiple consequences, including genetic complications. One of the genetic complications is Micronucleus (MN) changes; therefore, this study aims to evaluate the rate of MN formation in mouse lymphocyte cells due to exposure to silica dust.Materials and Methods:Totally 72 male mice BALB/c were selected and categorized into five exposure groups with 12 mice in exposure to the concentrations of 1.3, 3, 8, 12, and 17 mg/m3of 99% pure silica dust and a control group. The mice were exposed to silica dust in which they were exposed for 8 hours a day, 6 days a week, and for 1, 2, 3, and 4 months. Then, blood samples were taken from the mice and the rate of MN formation in their lymphocyte cells was evaluated. The results were analyzed via SPSS software version 21 (P<0.05).Results:Maximum and minimum averages of dust concentration, related to boxes 1 and 5, were 17 mg/m3and 1.3 mg/m3, respectively. Maximum rate of MN formation was observed in the fourth month of exposure and in group 1 with the value of 21.6±1.15, and minimum rate of MN formation was observed in the third month of exposure and in control group with the value of 3±1. Average of MN frequencies in each of the exposure month was significant related to the control group (P=0.001). There was a direct and significant correlation between exposure concentrations of exposed group and average rate of MN formation (r=0.679).Conclusions:More than 3 months exposure to silica dust may lead to significant MN formation in lymphocytes of mice BALB/c in comparison with the control group.
GEMİ YAPIMINDA KULLANILAN AHŞAP MALZEMELERDE OLUŞAN BİYOFİLM VE FOULİNG
Authors: Bülbül Zübeyde , Filik Nurdan 
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada; ağaç malzemeden yapılan gemi, tekne, yat gibi suyla temas eden odun
materyalinin zamanla üzerinde oluşan, biyofilm (mikrop tabakası), fouling
(kirlenme), biyofouling (biyolojik kirlenme) tabakaları anlatılmıştır. Bunun
yanı sıra ahşap gemi yapımında tercih edilen ağaç türleri ve suyla temas eden
ahşap yüzeyinde oluşan mikroorganizmalar ve biyofilm üzerinde durulmuştur.
Biyofilm oluşumu beraberinde orada bulunan bakterilerin virülens gücü gemi
personelinin sağlığını kötü yönde etkileyecektir ve aynı zamanda ahşap
materyali korozyona uğratarak mali anlamda da zarar oluşturacaktır. Bu nedenle
biyofilm, fouling, biyofouling
oluşumların engellenmesi gemi endüstrisi açısından önem arz etmektedir. Ahşap
seçiminde bütün bu doğa tahribatına karşı dayanıklılık esas alınmalıdır. Tekne
yapımında kullanılan ağaç malzeme maruz kaldığı hızlı adaptasyonu, higroskopik
özelliği, bünyesinde bulundurması gereken nem oranı ve direnç özelliklerine
göre belirlenip çalışmanın piyasada rehber olması öngörülmüştür. Bu araştırmada
gemi yapımında en uygun ahşap malzemelerin tespitine yardımcı olmak
amaçlanmıştır.
ESTIMATION OF METHANE GENERATION AND ENERGY POTENTIAL OF NIGDE LANDFILL SITE USING FIRST ORDER MATHEMATICAL MODELLING APPROACHES
Authors: Gök Gülden 
Published: March 2019

Methane content of landfill gas is approximately 50%. Methane has a significant calorific and economic value, rather than its greenhouse effect. Therefore, it is essentially important to estimate future LFG and methane production in terms of usage and management policies. More than a few models have been used to computerize prospective methane trends based on deposited waste characters and climatic information. This study aims to calculate LFG and methane production using different models. The model inputs were adopted from field measurements, waste characterization, meteorological information, and technical papers prepared by Conestoga-Rovers &amp; Associates (CRA), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This study indicates that the first order models have different outcomes for Niğde Landfill Site and the increase in methane generation potential value causes higher generation volumes of LFGs for the future. The maximum total LFG production is estimated as 600 million m3 with a methane potential of 126 m3/ton and total methane yield for the same method was calculated as 312.5 million m3. This study also estimates the maximum electricity generation from LFG. The maximum electricity generation was estimated 6.9 million kWh for 2042.
YAPRAKLI VE İĞNE YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLARDA HOMOJEN ÖZ IŞINLARIN MORFOLOJİK İŞLEMLERLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: ERGÜN Halime 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, yapraklı ve iğne yapraklı ağaçlarda (Abies alba Mill, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Tilia cordata Mill, Betula alba, Juglans regia L. Walnut, Ulmus scabra Mill) bulunan homojen öz ışınları görüntü işleme metotları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Öz ışınları paranşim hücrelerin bir araya gelmesiyle oluşur ve teğet kesitte gözenekli bir yapıya sahiptir. Küçük paranşim hücrelerinden oluştuğu için eşikleme işleminden sonra büyük bölgeler görüntüden çıkarılmıştır. Yükseklik/genişlik oranı fazla olan bölgeler de görüntüden silinmiştir. Morfolojik işlemlerden biri olan kapama işlemi ile paranşim hücreleri birleştirilerek öz ışınları bulunmuştur. Birleşmeyen ve öz ışını olamayan bölgeler silinmiştir. Genişleme ve doldurma işlemi ile öz ışınların son şekli belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar görsel ve istatistiksel olarak verilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonucunda; en fazla ve en az öz ışını sırasıyla Ulmus scabra Mill. ve Abies alba Mill. de tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenmek istenen yapıya uygun görüntü işleme tekniklerinden faydalanılarak öz ışınları otomatik olarak bulan sistemler, odun anatomisi çalışmalarının kısa sürede ve daha kolay bir şekilde yapılmasını sağlamaktadır.
PENERAPAN SISTEM VALUE STREAM MAPPING UNTUK PENINGKATAN HASIL PRODUKSI SPAREPART SEPEDA MOTOR MAINSTAND 2SD
Authors: Fajrian Maulana 
Published: March 2019

Consumers of two-wheeled vehicles in Indonesia continue to increase every year. This encourages manufacturers of two-wheeled vehicles to meet consumer needs by making vehicles in a timely manner. The biggest problem in two-wheel manufacturing companies is mainly the amount of delivery delay with a percentage of 67 percent originating from the line welding robot so that shipments to customers are not met. The purpose of this study is to improve production by applying the value stream mapping system. In the initial stage, cycle time, transportation time and lead time are analyzed. Next is the identification of waste that occurs on the Mainstand 2SD line for improvement using relayout. After improvement, relayout lead time fell from 12 days to 6 days or down 50 percent. After improvement, production results have not reached the target with an average of 22.18 parts per hour while the target of 24 parts per hour is equivalent to the average yield of 7220.60 parts per month while the target is 8184 parts per month which means achieving the target of 94 percent.
Bakır ve Pirinç Talaşı ile Takviye Edilmiş Boru Bağlantı Elemanlarının İki Farklı Üretim Türü İçin (SEC) Özel Enerji Tüketim Modeli
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Burak , KÜÇÜK Özkan 
Published: March 2019

TS 11 EN 10242 Standartlara uygun
ölçülerde ve geometrilerde üretimi yapılan boru bağlantı elemanlarının
(fittings); havacılık, otomotiv ve makine üretimi gibi önemli alanlar başta
olmak üzere, bina içi doğalgaz ve su tesisatlarına kadar birçok sektörde yaygın
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fittings malzemelere tek seferde diş açma işlemi,
genelde CNC Freze tezgâhlarında ve özel diş açma makinelerinde yapılmaktadır.
Ayrıca üniversal torna tezgâhlarında da kademeli diş açma işlemi ile de
fittings malzemeler üretilmektedir. Özellikle Amerika ve Hindistan'da otomotiv
sektörü ve makine ekipmanları için üretilen
alüminyum alaşımlı fittings malzemeler, bu çalışmada hurda pirinç ve
bakır talaşıyla belirli oranda alaşımlandırılmıştır. Literatürde ilk defa boru
bağlantı elemanlarının, endüstride seri üretim koşulları dikkate alınarak, CNC
Freze'de kılavuzla diş açma ve tornada kademeli diş açma işlemleri ile yapılmış
ve karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada, parametre olarak devir
sayısı, alaşım tipi ve tezgah türü seçilmiş ve enerji güç dönüşüm denklemleri
kullanılarak özel enerji tüketimi değerini (SEC (Specific Energy Consumption))
optimum yapan şartlar belirlenmiştir. Optimum şartların belirlenmesinde,
Taguchi Yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen malzemelerin içyapıları ve sertlik
değişimleri incelenmiştir. SEC sonuçları incelendiğinde %73,91 oranda işleme
tipinin ve %26,05 oranda da devir sayısının etkili olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Bu
sonuçlara göre tezgah türü olarak CNC freze, devir sayısı olarak 180 RPM ve
alaşım tipi olarak da %8 Prinç Takviyeli 6061 Alüminyum alaşımı seçildiğinde
optimum şartlar elde edilmiştir.