bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological differentiation of phaeochromocytoma from other malignant adrenal masses: importance of wash-in characteristics on multiphase CECT
Authors: Goroshi Manjunath , Jadhav Swati S , Sarathi Vijaya , Lila Anurag R , Patil Virendra A , Shah Ravikumar , Hira Priya , Sharma Rajaram , Goroshi Shettepppa , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Rojekar Amey , Dalvi Abhay , Bakshi Ganesh , Prakash Gagan , Shah Nalini S , Bandgar Tushar R 
Published: June 2019

Rationale and introduction
To evaluate the computerised tomography (CT) characteristics of phaeochromocytoma (PCC) that differentiate them from other non-benign adrenal masses such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) and adrenal metastases (AM).

Methods
This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute from Western India. Patients presented between January 2013 and August 2016 with histological diagnosis of PCC or other non-benign adrenal mass having adequate reviewable imaging data comprising all four CECT phases were included.

Results
The study cohort consisted of 72 adrenal masses from 66 patients (33 PCC, 22 ACC, 4 PAL, 13 AM). Unlike other masses, majority of PCC (25/33) showed peak enhancement in early arterial phase (EAP). PCC had significantly higher attenuation in EAP and early venous phase (EVP), and higher calculated percentage arterial enhancement (PAE) and percentage venous enhancement (PVE) than other adrenal masses (P < 0.001). For diagnosis of PCC with 100% specificity, PAE value ≥100% and EAP attenuation ≥100 HU had 78.8 and 63.6% sensitivity respectively. ACC were significantly larger in size as compared to PCC and metastasis. The adreniform shape was exclusively found in PAL (two out of four) and AM (4 out of 13). None of the enhancement, wash-in or washout characteristics were discriminatory among ACC, PAL and AM.

Conclusion
Peak enhancement in EAP, PAE value ≥100% and EAP attenuation ≥100 HU differentiate PCC from other malignant adrenal masses with high specificity.
Relationship between BRAF V600E and clinical features in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Yan Changjiao , Huang Meiling , Li Xin , Wang Ting , Ling Rui 
Published: June 2019

Objective
To investigate the mutant status of BRAF gene and analyze its relationship to epidemiological risk factors and clinical outcomes among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the largest, single-institution Chinese cohort to date.

Methods
The medical records of 2048 PTC patients were reviewed in this retrospective study. Single-factor and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to identify risk factors for BRAF V600E mutation. Survival outcomes including distant metastatic and persistent or recurrent PTC were examined, with a mean follow-up time of 23.4 (5–47) months.

Results
The BRAF V600E mutation was present in 83.7% of patients (1715 of 2048). Correlation was found between BRAF V600E mutation and several epidemiological features, including age, concomitant hypertension and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). For the clinicopathological features, BRAF V600E was significantly associated with bilateral multifocality (odds ratio (OR) 1.233, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.063–1.431, P < 0.01) and less lateral lymph node metastases (OR 0.496, 95% CI 0.357–0.689, P < 0.01). Smaller tumor size and advanced disease stage were significant in single-factor analyses but became insignificant after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between BRAF V600E mutation and extrathyroidal invasion, distant metastatic and disease persistence or recurrence.

Conclusion
Part of epidemiological features are independent risk or protective factors for BRAF V600E mutation. The presence of BRAF V600E mutation is not an aggressive prognosis on poor clinical outcomes in PTC. However, the high prevalence of BRAF V600E may provide guidance for surgery strategy and opportunity for targeted treatment in recurrent and advanced stage disease.
Restoration of Proteostasis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Reverses an Inflammation-Like Response to Cytoplasmic DNA inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Williams Ashley B , Heider Felix , Messling Jan-Erik , Rieckher Matthias , Bloch Wilhelm , Schumacher Björn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans possesses a rudimentary innate immune response that serves as a model for various aspects of the human innate immune response. To date, a nematode response to pathogenic cytoplasmic DNA has not been identified...Innate immune responses protect organisms against various insults, but may lead to tissue damage when aberrantly activated. In higher organisms, cytoplasmic DNA can trigger inflammatory responses that can lead to tissue degeneration. Simpler metazoan models could shed new mechanistic light on how inflammatory responses to cytoplasmic DNA lead to pathologies. Here, we show that in a DNase II-defective Caenorhabditis elegans strain, persistent cytoplasmic DNA leads to systemic tissue degeneration and loss of tissue functionality due to impaired proteostasis. These pathological outcomes can be therapeutically alleviated by restoring protein homeostasis, either via ectopic induction of the ER unfolded protein response or N-acetylglucosamine treatment. Our results establish C. elegans as an ancestral metazoan model for studying the outcomes of inflammation-like conditions caused by persistent cytoplasmic DNA and provide insight into potential therapies for human conditions involving chronic inflammation.
Revisión bibliográfica: Efectos del ejercicio en la presión intraocular
Authors: Alemán Ramírez Carolina 
Published: June 2019

Introducción: La relación entre la presión intraocular (PIO) y el ejercicio agudo se ha venido estudiando en los últimos años. Se ha encontrado que el ejercicio agudo tiene un efecto positivo en la PIO; sin embargo, el ejercicio aeróbico y el ejercicio contra resistencia presentan resultados diferentes. En cuanto al ejercicio aeróbico agudo, brinda un efecto positivo en la PIO, ya que esta disminuye. Mientras que el ejercicio contra resistencia presenta una variabilidad en los resultados obtenidos de acuerdo con las investigaciones consultadas.
Propósito: Mostrar los resultados obtenidos de las investigaciones relacionadas con el ejercicio aeróbico y el ejercicio contra resistencia de forma aguda en la presión intraocular, para así poder brindar recomendaciones a poblaciones sanas y con glaucoma.
Método: Revisión de bibliografía, búsqueda de artículos científicos en las siguientes bases de datos: SportDiscus con texto completo, psycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, Google Académico, Research Gate, PubMed.
Resultados: El ejercicio aeróbico agudo pareciera tener un efecto significativo sobre la presión intraocular, pues la disminuye. Este resultado se presenta en personas sedentarias y con glaucoma. Para personas físicamente activas o atletas, para lograr reducir la PIO es necesario realizar ejercicio a intensidades más altas, comparado con personas sedentarias. Con respecto a la duración de ejercicio aeróbico agudo, parece que con solo cinco minutos se produce una disminución sobre la PIO. Al finalizar el ejercicio, el efecto agudo del ejercicio aeróbico se mantiene por un corto tiempo sobre la PIO. Son necesarias más investigaciones de efecto crónico. Igualmente, se necesitan más estudios que involucren variables como sexo y edad dentro de los análisis y no como estadística descriptiva, para así conocer el efecto del ejercicio sobre estas mismas. Con respecto a los ejercicios de contra resistencia, la parte superior del cuerpo aumenta más la PIO, al compararlos con ejercicios de la parte inferior. Los ejercicios de contra resistencia de alta intensidad aumentan la PIO.
Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran que las personas con condición visual normal y con glaucoma pueden realizar ejercicio aeróbico y logran un efecto positivo en su salud visual. Por otro lado, debido a la falta de investigación en ejercicio de contra resistencia, se recomienda que se realicen estudios con intensidades bajas, según los datos obtenidos en esta revisión. Con respecto a la calidad de los estudios encontrados podrían mejorarse los diseños en las investigaciones: la mayoría no contó con grupos controles, tampoco especificaron la intensidad del ejercicio e incluso les faltó incluir aspectos descriptivos necesarios para poder contar con información más clara.
Impacto en la densidad aparente del suelo provocado por el tránsito de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) en arrastre de madera
Authors: Villalobos-Barquero Verónica , Meza-Montoya Alejandro 
Published: June 2019

La degradación de la estructura del suelo producto del aprovechamiento de plantaciones forestales constituye uno de los aspectos más importantes a considerar durante la producción de madera reforestada. Entre los factores que más acentúan esta degradación se encuentra el método de extracción empleado, por esta razón, se evaluó el efecto sobre el suelo provocado por el tránsito constante de los búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis), durante la operación de arrastre de madera. El estudio se realizó en terrenos propiedad de pequeños agricultores de la región Huetar Caribe de Costa Rica, específicamente en Sahara de Batán, Limón. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con dos tratamientos y 4 repeticiones por tratamiento, con el cual se evaluó el paso constante de los animales por las pistas de arrastre. Se determinó la densidad aparente del suelo en cuatro pistas de extracción de madera, esto en cuatro fincas. Las muestras de suelo fueron recolectadas por medio del método del cilindro. Se aplicó la prueba de normalidad, una prueba F para igualdad de varianzas basada en dos muestras y se realizó una comparación de medias. Un total de 32 muestras de suelo fueron estudiadas de las cuales 16 correspondieron a suelo disturbado y las restantes 16 al testigo. La densidad aparente promedio para el suelo disturbado fue de 1.071 g/cm3 mientras que el promedio para las muestras testigo fue de 1.005 g/cm3. Finalmente, se comprobó que ambas densidades aparentes no fueron significativamente diferentes (p-value de 0.0824).
Characteristics and Workload of Pediatricians in China
Authors: Zhang Yongjun , Huang Lisu , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xi , Ke Zheng , Wang Zhaoxi , Chen Qiang , Dong Xiangyu , Du Lizhong , Fang Jianpei , Feng Xing , Fu Jianhua , He Zhixu , Huang Guoying , Huang Songming , Ju Xiuli , Gao Li , Li Li , Li Tingyu , Li Yarui , Liu Geli , Liu Wenjun , Luo Xiaoping , Nong Guangming , Pan Jiahua , Shen Kunling , Song Hongmei , Sun Jinghui , Mu Dezhi , Wang Tianyou , Wang Baoxi , Xiang Wei , Yang Changyi , Yang Shufen , Zhao Zhengyan , Zhu Hua , Zhu Yimin , Zhang Jun , Little Julian , Hesketh Therese , Sun Kun 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Although it is widely believed that China is facing a major shortage of pediatricians, the real situation of the current national status of pediatric human resources and their working conditions has not been evaluated to date.

METHODS:
We administered a survey to 54 214 hospitals from all 31 provinces in mainland China from 2015 to 2016. Hospital directors of all secondary and tertiary hospitals with pediatric services and a random sample (10%) of primary hospitals provided information on number of pediatricians and their educational levels, specialties, workloads, dropout rates, and other hospital characteristics. A data set of medical resources and socioeconomic information regarding each region (1997–2016) was constructed from the Chinese National Statistics Bureau. The Gini coefficient was used to describe the geographical distributions of pediatricians and hospitals.

RESULTS:
There were 135 524 pediatricians in China or ∼4 pediatricians per 10 000 children. Pediatricians’ average educational level was low, with ∼32% having only 3 years of junior college training after high school. The distribution of pediatricians was extremely skewed (Gini coefficient 0.61), and the imbalance of highly educated pediatricians was even more skewed (Gini coefficient 0.68). The dropout rate of pediatricians was 12.6%. Despite an increase in the Chinese government’s financial investment in health over the last decade, physicians have been burdened with a greater workload.

CONCLUSIONS:
Uneven development of the pediatric care system, inadequately trained pediatricians, low job satisfaction, and unmet demand for pediatric care are the major challenges facing China’s pediatric health care system.
The short-term effects of a sports stacking intervention on the cognitive and perceptual motor functioning In geriatrics
Authors: Naidoo R , Moodley K 
Published: June 2019

Background: Sport stacking has been beneficial in improving reaction time, as well as hand-eye-co-ordination; predominantly in children. Sport stacking intervention studies, although limited, have shown improvements in motor and cognitive functioning in both children and adults, post-intervention. Similar intervention studies on geriatrics are limited.
Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a sport stacking physical activity intervention on the motor and cognitive functioning of geriatrics.
Methods: An intact, convenient sample of 58 geriatrics from a retirement home in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa was selected to participate in this study. All participants performed selected motor and cognitive functioning tests, pre- and post-intervention. Twenty eight participants were exposed to an eight-week intervention while the control group (30 individuals) continued with activities as usual.
Results: The intervention group showed improvements in their mean reaction time and plate tapping (hand-eye co-ordination) times. Overall, there were no changes in the balance test results pre- and post-intervention. There were no significant results from the memory and quality of life tests.
Conclusions: A sport stacking activity intervention has the potential to improve motor functioning in geriatrics, and its clinical application is recommended.
PENGGUNAAN LABORATORIUM DALAM MENUNJANG PROSES PEMBELAJARAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN
Authors: Nyangko Leonardo R. , Karo Karo Uli , Hamdani Aam 
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana standar sarana dan prasarana laboratorium pemesinan serta bagaimana cara penggunaan laboratorium dengan sarana dan prasarana yang ada agar menunjang proses pembelajaran praktikum. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 12 Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prasarana pada area kerja mesin bubut, arean mesin frais, area kerja bangku dan area penyimpanan dan instruktur telah memenuhi standar Permendiknas No 40 Tahun 2008. Perbandingan jumlah peserta didik dengan mesin bubut belum memenuhi standar. Perbandingan jumlah peserta dengan mesin frais dan perbandingan jumlah peserta didik dengan ragum sudah memenuhi standar Permendiknas No. 40 Tahun 2008 sehingga dapat menunjang proses pembelajaran praktikum.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI PEMBELAJARAN KELISTRIKAN
Authors: Bisri Hasim , Supriawan Dedi , Permana Tatang 
Published: June 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang terdiri dari dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan tatap muka mengajar yang dilakukan pada kelas XI TKR 2 SMKN 8 Bandung sebanyak 28 siswa. Metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah adalah suatu rencana berupa pola yang didesain dengan pendekatan pemecahan masalah melalui tahap demi tahap yang dilakukan siswa selama mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan untuk mengukur aktivitas belajar siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan lembar observasi dan pengumpulan data untuk mengukur hasil belajar siswa yaitu dengan menggunakan test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut dalam kategori sedang dan kategori tinggi dan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dengan n-gain ternormalisasi pada siklus I dan siklus II berturut-turut dalam kategori sedang dan kategori tinggi. Kesimpulannya bahwa dengan penerapan metode pembelajaran pemecahan masalah dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi pembelajaran kelistrikan Kompetensi Dasar Memperbaiki Sistem Pengapian.
PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF MODEL TUTORIAL DENGAN MEDIA HANDOUT PADA KOMPETENSI GAMBAR TEKNIK
Authors: Doreng Rollyka , Wiharna Ono , Komaro Mumu 
Published: June 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat: mengetahui gambaran hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan media handout dan media interaktif model tutorial pada mata pelajaran gambar teknik; dan mengetahui perbedaan perbandingan peningkatan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran gambar teknik siswa yang menggunakan media handout dan media interaktif model tutorial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design yang dilaksankan pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2015/2016 dengan mengambil sampel 2 kelas yaitu TKR 1 dan TKR 2 di SMK Negeri 8 Bandung. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Instrumen tes (soal pre-test dan post-test) dan Instrumen non tes (lembar judgment media dan lembar judgment materi). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan multimedia interaktif model tutorial membantu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa menjadi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan media handout dengan rata-rata prestasi siswa yang belajar menggunakan media handout mendapatkan nilai N-gain sebesar 0,51 (sedang). Rata-rata prestasi siswa yang belajar menggunakan multimedia interaktif model tutorial mendapat nilai N-gain sebesar 0,54 (sedang). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah multimedia interaktif dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa lebih baik dari pada media handout.
Zernek Barajı Çevresi (Gürpınar-Van)’nin Florası
Authors: DEMİR İbrahim , BEHÇET Lütfi 
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada; Zernek Barajı Çevresi’nin (Gürpınar - Van)Florası araştırıldı.
2007-2009 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın arazi çalışmaları
ile 1856 bitki örneği toplandı. Toplanan bu bitki örneklerinin teşhisi sonucu
alanda; 57 familya ve 300 cins’e ait 500 tür, 135 alttür ve 91 varyete olmak
üzere toplam 726 tür ve türaltı takson tespit edildi. 726 taksonun 2’si Pteridophyta, 724’ü Spermatophyta divisiolarına aittir. Spermatophytaüyelerinden 1’i Gymnospermae
ve 723’ü Angiospermae alt
divisiosuna dahildir. Angiospermae’lerin
632’si Dicotyledoneae ve 91’i Monocotyledoneae sınıfında yer
almaktadır.

Astragalus guzelsuensis F. Ghahrem. – Nejad, L.
Behçet &amp; İ. Demir taksonu araştırma alanımızdan tarafımızdan toplanıp,
bilim dünyasına kazandırılmıştır.

Tip toplamadan bilinen ve Van’ın Çaldıran ilçesinin kuzey doğusunda
toplanıp 1987 yılında yeni bir tür olarak dünyaya tanıtılan Calamintha caroli-henricana Kit Tan &amp; Sorger taksonu,
ikinci defa alanımızdan tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen taksonlardan 12 tanesi B9
karesi için yeni kayıttır.

Alandan toplam 60 endemik takson tespit
edilmiştir. Endemizm oranı ise % 8.26’dır. Endemik ve nadir olan taksonların
tehlike kategorilerine dağılımları şu şekildedir: 2 takson kritik “CR”, 3 takson tehlikede “EN”, 17 takson zarar görebilir “VU”, 17 takson tehdit altına girebilir
“NT”, 34 takson az endişe verici “LC” ve 1 takson veri yetersiz “DD” şeklindedir.

İran-Turan fitocoğrafik bölgesinde yer alan
çalışma alanında tespit edilen taksonların fitocoğrafik bölgelere göre dağılımı
şöyledir; İran-Turan % 44.63, Avrupa-Sibirya %4.55, Akdeniz % 1.10, Öksin %
0.41, Hirkan-Öksin % 0.14 ve çok bölgeli veya fitocoğrafik bölgesi
bilinmeyenler % 49.17’
dir. İçerdikleri tür ve türaltı takson sayılarına göre alanda en büyük ilk 10
familya sırasıyla; Asteraceae 99 (%
13.64), Fabaceae 77 (% 10.61), Brassicaceae, 76 (% 10.47), Lamiaceae 49, (% 6.75), Caryophyllaceae 49 (% 6.75), Poaceae 43 (% 5.92), Scrophulariaceae 33 (% 4.55) Apiaceae 29 (% 3.99), Boraginaceae 29 (% 3.99) ve Liliaceae 26 (% 3.58)’dır.
Gravitasyonel Alan Denklemleri ve Özellikleri
Authors: BATURAY Şilan , BİNBAY Figen 
Published: June 2019

Gravitasyonel etkileşimleri ve buna bağlı olarak evrenin yapısını açıklayan genel görelilik teorisinin temel denklemleri olan ve 1915 yılında Einstein tarafından elde edilen genel görelilik alan denklemlerinin kozmolojik sabit (λ) içeren biçiminin çözümünün elde edilmesinden buyana alan denklemlerinin λ kozmolojik terim ve evrensel gravitasyonel sabitin değişimi ile birlikte düşünülmesi genel görelilik çerçevesinde oldukça ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada, içerisinde bulunan kütle, enerji ve momentumun varlığıyla eğrilen dört boyutlu bir Lorentz manifoldu olan uzay-zamanın eğriliği ile enerji-momentum tensörü arasındaki bağıntının Einstein alan denklemi ile sağlanacağı konusu incelenmiştir. Bu denklemlerin evrenin doğasını anlamaya yönelik getireceği yenilikler üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu bağlamda, evrenin ilk anlardaki (enflasyon evresi) fiziksel durumunun anlaşılmasını sağlayan genel göreliliğin temel ilkelerine dayalı gravitasyonel alan denklemleri kuramsal olarak irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca, son yıllarda tespit edilmeye çalışılan gravitasyonel dalgalar genel görelilik çerçevesinde araştırılmış ve bunların evrenin doğasını incelerken getirdiği yenilikler üzerinde durulmuştur.
3-Boyutlu Minkowski Uzayında İnvolüt-Evolüt Eğrilerinin T*B* ve N*B* -Smarandache Eğrileri
Authors: KALKAN Özgür , ZEYBEK Damla 
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmada; (alpha*,alpha) involüt-evolüt eğri
çifti, alpha* spacelike evolüt eğri
ve alpha* ile bağlantılı
timelike evolüt eğri alpha olmak üzere alpha* eğrisinin Frenet
vektörleri konum vektörleri olarak alındığında T*B* ve N*B* -Smarandache eğrisinin eğrilik ve torsiyonu alpha timelike evolüt
eğrisine bağlı olarak hesaplanmıştır. Son olarak, elde edilen sonuçlar ile
ilgili örnekler verilmiştir.
The Determination on the Science Teaching Candidates’ Awareness about the Recycling
Authors: AKSAN Zeynep , ÇELIKLER Dilek , YENIKALAYCI Nisa 
Published: June 2019

It is possible
with the people’s consciousness and awareness on the recycling that the
vital-importance of recycling becomes common for a healthier environment by
being an act in a society. Thus, it has been aimed to determine the science
students’ awareness of the recycling of wastes in this research. The research
sampling consists of 81 science students in total that they receive their
education at the 1. grade in the Department of Science Teaching in the Faculty
of Education in a state university located north part of Turkey. “The Awareness
Scale on The Recycling”, which was developed by Aksan and Çelikler (2017), has
been used as a data collection tool in this research. When it is considered
that 195.75 is mean of the scores which were obtained by the students from the scale
in the study, it can be highlighed that the awareness about recycling of the
students is high.