bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular Risk and β‐Amyloid Are Synergistically Associated with Cortical Tau
Authors: Rabin Jennifer S. , Yang Hyun‐Sik , Schultz Aaron P. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Hedden Trey , Viswanathan Anand , Gatchel Jennifer R. , Marshall Gad A. , Kilpatrick Emily , Klein Hannah , Rao Vaishnavi , Buckley Rachel F. , Yau Wai‐Ying Wendy , Kirn Dylan R. , Rentz Dorene M. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveNeuropathological studies have demonstrated that cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology frequently co‐occur in older adults. The extent to which cerebrovascular disease influences the progression of AD pathology remains unclear. Leveraging newly available positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we examined whether a well‐validated measure of systemic vascular risk and β‐amyloid (Aβ) burden have an interactive association with regional tau burden.MethodsVascular risk was quantified at baseline in 152 clinically normal older adults (mean age = 73.5 ± 6.1 years) with the office‐based Framingham Heart Study cardiovascular disease risk algorithm (FHS‐CVD). We acquired Aβ (11C‐Pittsburgh compound B) and tau (18F‐flortaucipir) PET imaging on the same participants. Aβ PET was performed at baseline; tau PET was acquired on average 2.98 ± 1.1 years later. Tau was measured in the entorhinal cortex (EC), an early site of tau deposition, and in the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an early site of neocortical tau accumulation associated with AD. Linear regression models examined FHS‐CVD and Aβ as interactive predictors of tau deposition, adjusting for age, sex, APOE ε4 status, and the time interval between baseline and the tau PET scan.ResultsWe observed a significant interaction between FHS‐CVD and Aβ burden on subsequently measured ITC tau (p < 0.001), whereby combined higher FHS‐CVD and elevated Aβ burden was associated with increased tau. The interaction was not significant for EC tau (p = 0.16).InterpretationElevated vascular risk may influence tau burden when coupled with high Aβ burden. These results suggest a potential link between vascular risk and tau pathology in preclinical AD. Ann Neurol 2019; 1–8 ANN NEUROL 2019;85:272–279.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Coumarins withtert‐Butyl and Terpene Substituents
Authors: Popova Svetlana A. , Shevchenko Oksana G. , Chukicheva Irina Y. , Kutchin Aleksander V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCoumarins with terpene andtert‐butyl substituents were synthesized via Pechmann condensation reaction. New derivatives were investigated in different model system for the exhibition of antioxidant, radical scavenging and membrane‐protective activities. It has been found that 4‐methylcoumarin derivatives with monoterpene moieties exhibit high antioxidant activities. The most active and promising for further investigations is 5‐hydroxy‐6,8‐diisobornyl‐4‐methylcoumarin, containing two isobornyl substituents on the benzopyran ring.
Three‐year clinical outcomes after dual‐therapy COMBO stent placement: Insights from the REMEDEE registry
Authors: Kalkman Deborah N. , Kerkmeijer Laura S. , Woudstra Pier , Menown Ian B. A. , Suryapranata Harry , den Heijer Peter , Iñiguez Andrés , van 't Hof Arnoud W. J. , Erglis Andrejs , Arkenbout Karin E. , Muller Philippe , Koch Karel T. , Tijssen Jan G. , Beijk Marcel A. M. , de Winter Robbert J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe bio‐engineered COMBO stent (OrbusNeich Medical BV, The Netherlands) is a dual‐therapy pro‐healing stent. This novel technology may allow a shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stenting. We present the first 3 year clinical outcomes of patients treated with COMBO stent.Methods and resultsThe prospective, multicenter, investigator‐initiated, all‐comers REMEDEE Registry evaluates clinical outcomes after COMBO stent treatment. A 1,000 patients were enrolled between June 2013 and March 2014. Patients had a mean of 65 years ±11, 26% of the patients were females and 18% diabetics. More than 50% of patients presented with acute coronary syndrome, 60% of treated lesions were AHA/ACC lesion type B2 or C. Target lesion failure (TLF) at 3 year follow‐up occurred in 10.7% of patients (N = 105). The separate components cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization occurred in 4.1%, 2.0%, and 7.1%, respectively of patients. Definite stent thrombosis (ST) was observed in 0.7% of all patients. At 3‐year follow‐up there were only 73 patients taking DAPT.ConclusionsAt 3‐year follow‐up, patients treated with COMBO stent in the present large prospective all‐comers cohort, continue to show good clinical outcomes.Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01874002.Condensed abstractThe COMBO stent is a sirolimus‐eluting stent with a luminal anti‐CD34‐antibody layer, that binds endothelial progenitor cells. These cells can differentiate to endothelial cells and stimulate early endothelialization of the stent. The REMEDEE Registry is the first large, multicenter, prospective, cohort study evaluating the clinical outcomes of 1,000 all‐comers patients treated with COMBO stent. Target lesion failure at 3 year follow‐up was 10.7% and the rate of definite ST was 0.7%.
B‐type natriuretic peptide is associated with remodeling and exercise capacity after transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis
Authors: Sato Kimi , Kumar Arnav , Krishnaswamy Amar , Mick Stephanie , Desai Milind Y. , Griffin Brian P. , Kapadia Samir R. , Popović Zoran B. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundWe aimed to assess longitudinal changes of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in aortic stenosis (AS) patients treated by transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).MethodsFrom our TAVR database, we identified 193 consecutive patients with severe symptomatic AS who underwent TAVR and were prospectively followed using serial BNP levels and echocardiography. Patients were divided into subgroups according to type of left ventricular (LV) remodeling as having normal LV mass and relative wall thickness, or showing concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), and eccentric hypertrophy (EH).ResultsAt baseline, 30 patients (16%) had EH, 115 (60%) had CH, 37 (19%) had CR, and 11 (6%) had normal LV geometry. After TAVR, BNP decreased in the first 30 days, with further improvement during follow‐up. Patients with EH had higher BNP at baseline (P < 0.01) and a greater subsequent decrease (P < 0.001). During the median follow‐up of 1331 days (interquartile range: 632‐1678), 119 (62%) patients died. BNP showed a time‐dependent association with all‐cause mortality both in a univariable (hazards ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04‐1.47, P = 0.017), and in a multivariable model with Society of Thoracic Surgeons score and baseline BNP forced into the analysis (HR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.001‐1.73, P = 0.049). Elevated BNP was associated with a larger LV end‐diastolic volume index (P < 0.001) and shorter 6‐minute walk test distance (P = 0.013) throughout follow‐up.ConclusionIn patients with AS, BNP was associated with LV remodeling phenotypes and functional status before and after TAVR. Elevated BNP levels were associated with poor prognosis.
Concentration Dependence of Ion Pairing in Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: Cha Seoncheol , Lee Minho , Kim Doseok 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInfrared vibrational spectroscopy was used to probe concentration‐dependent ion pair dissociation of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids with three different halide anions (I−, Br−, and Cl−) in deuterated chloroform. Dissociation of the ion pairs at low concentrations of ionic liquids was found to be the easiest for ionic liquid with Cl− anion, the most electronegative anion among the three investigated. This anomalous trend of ion pair dissociation was explained in terms of varying interaction strength between the solvent (CDCl3) and the anions investigated.
Formation of Growth‐Mediated Gold Nanoflowers: Roles of the Reducing Agent and Amine‐Modified, Single‐Strand DNA Sequences
Authors: Lone Shahbaz Ahmad , Sadhu Kalyan K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe formation of growth‐mediated structures from gold nanoparticle seeds was studied in the presence of amine‐modified single‐strand DNA sequences and reducing agents such as hydroxylamine and hydroquinone. In the case of hydroxylamine, spherical gold nanoparticle seeds (0.45 nM) were incubated with amine‐modified single‐strand DNA probes PMR (amine‐5′‐ACATCAGT‐3′) and PML (amine‐5′‐GATAAGCT‐3′), which resulted in gold nanoflowers and nanospheres, respectively. When the concentration of the nanoparticle seeds was varied (0.15–0.45 nM), only the PMR sequence showed growth‐mediated development of gold nanoflowers. The size of the gold nanoparticles obtained is independent of the seed concentration for both PMR and PML sequences. In contrast, in the presence of the reducing agent hydroquinone, the growth processes are identical in for both the sequences. At a lower seed concentrations (0.15 nM), gold nanoflowers of larger size were observed for both sequences, whereas at higher seed concentrations (0.45 nM), much smaller gold nanospheres resulted. The formation and stability of nanoflowers and nanospheres for PMR and PML with hydroxylamine‐based reduction were further studied in detail with diverse controlled amine‐modified (5′‐, 3′‐ and both end‐modified) and non‐modified DNA sequences with other mutants of these two sequences.
Impact of an auditory hallucinations simulation on trainee and newly qualified clinical psychologists: A mixed‐methods cross‐sectional study
Authors: Riches Simon , Khan Fareeha , Kwieder Shifaa , Fisher Helen L. 
Published: December 2018

Simulation training is an effective teaching tool enabling learners to gain a subjective understanding of a range of skills. Our aim in this study was to pilot and evaluate a newly designed simulation of auditory hallucinations as a future training tool for clinicians. This was a mixed‐methods study in two parts. In Phase 1, trainee and qualified clinical psychologists (N = 25) attended the London‐based immersive art exhibition, Altered States of Consciousness, which included an auditory hallucinations simulation. The exhibition aimed to improve understanding of what it feels like to hear voices by providing members of the public with an individualized simulation of auditory hallucinations. Participants completed pre/post‐exhibition measures of their mood and attitudes towards auditory hallucinations and other unusual sensory experiences. In Phase 2, a subgroup of Phase 1 participants (N = 15) took part in a semi‐structured interview and completed the post‐exhibition questions again approximately 6 months later. Post‐exhibition, there were significant increases in understanding what it feels like to hear voices (large effect), compassion towards people who hear voices (large effect), and comfort talking to people who hear voices (medium effect). Scores were partially maintained at follow‐up. Participants reported that the simulation provided numerous benefits to their training and clinical practice, including increases in subjective understanding, compassion, and confidence, and suggested several future training applications for the simulation, including with a range of health care professionals. Therefore, we conclude that this simulation has potential for training clinical psychologists and other health care professionals who work with people who experience auditory hallucinations.
Deep Learning in Image Cytometry: A Review
Authors: Gupta Anindya , Harrison Philip J. , Wieslander Håkan , Pielawski Nicolas , Kartasalo Kimmo , Partel Gabriele , Solorzano Leslie , Suveer Amit , Klemm Anna H. , Spjuth Ola , Sintorn Ida‐Maria , Wählby Carolina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractArtificial intelligence, deep convolutional neural networks, and deep learning are all niche terms that are increasingly appearing in scientific presentations as well as in the general media. In this review, we focus on deep learning and how it is applied to microscopy image data of cells and tissue samples. Starting with an analogy to neuroscience, we aim to give the reader an overview of the key concepts of neural networks, and an understanding of how deep learning differs from more classical approaches for extracting information from image data. We aim to increase the understanding of these methods, while highlighting considerations regarding input data requirements, computational resources, challenges, and limitations. We do not provide a full manual for applying these methods to your own data, but rather review previously published articles on deep learning in image cytometry, and guide the readers toward further reading on specific networks and methods, including new methods not yet applied to cytometry data. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Analytic‐based product opinion detection algorithm for twitter microblogging network
Authors: M Nirmala , Babu M. Rajasekhara 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTwitter, with an ever‐increasing user base, has greatly influenced the opinion and purchase habits of the common masses. This has in turn forced the product firms to get involved with sentiment analysis which enables them to mine the actual opinion about their product and make business decisions accordingly. Even though a majority of the existing methods detect sentiment of the tweet with a reasonable accuracy, few ignore emoticons while others consider them as stop words. Emoticons have enabled the users to express their emotion more accurately which eliminates the ambiguity that can arise with usage of words. The trending popularity of emoticons among the users combined with its ease of usage makes it highly lucrative in sentiment analysis. Hence, mining the product opinion without considering the emoticons will severely undermine the accuracy and reliability of the opinion. Moreover, sarcasm detection is still an uncharted territory in opinion mining and is exceedingly difficult to factor it in. Sarcastic tweets when left undetected will affect the accuracy of the opinion. Therefore, the polarity of the individual words and emoticons of the tweets are computed using linguistic analysis. The sarcastic tweets are then classified and eliminated based on their anomalous polarity. By placing a higher emphasis on emoticons, the proposed emoticon‐based linguistic opinion algorithm yields satisfactory results when compared with other traditional and state of the art approaches.
Household food insecurity is associated with binge‐eating disorder and obesity
Authors: Rasmusson Grace , Lydecker Janet A. , Coffino Jaime A. , White Marney A. , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundFood insecurity stems from limited financial resources. Yet, paradoxically, food insecurity is associated with overeating and excess weight. One subcategory of overeating is binge eating, which includes eating an unusually large amount of food while feeling a concurrent sense of loss of control. Associations between binge‐eating disorder and food insecurity are not known, yet this is important to examine because binge eating is associated with more severe mental and physical health problems than overeating or obesity alone.MethodSurvey respondents (N = 1,250) were recruited online. Participants were categorized into study groups: healthy weight (HW), binge‐eating disorder (BED), and obesity (OB). Using HW as a reference group, hierarchical logistic regressions evaluated the extent to which low and very low food security were associated with BED and OB.ResultsLow food security and very low food security were both associated with increased likelihood of BED and OB group membership.ConclusionsResults highlight the need to devote resources towards policy revisions, preventative interventions, and psychiatric treatments aimed at decreasing the overall association of food insecurity with BED and obesity among low‐income Americans.
Body condition influences ontogeny of foraging behavior in juvenile southern elephant seals
Authors: Orgeret Florian , Cox Sam L. , Weimerskirch Henri , Guinet Christophe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOntogeny of diving and foraging behavior in marine top predators is poorly understood despite its importance in population recruitment. This lack of knowledge is partly due to the difficulties of monitoring juveniles in the wild, which is linked to high mortality early in life. Pinnipeds are good models for studying the development of foraging behaviors because juveniles are large enough to robustly carry tracking devices for many months. Moreover, parental assistance is absent after a juvenile departs for its first foraging trip, minimizing confounding effects of parental input on the development of foraging skills. In this study, we tracked 20 newly weaned juvenile southern elephant seals from Kerguelen Islands for up to 338 days during their first trip at sea following weaning. We used a new generation of satellite relay tags, which allow for the transmission of dive, accelerometer, and location data. We also monitored, at the same time, nine adult females from the colony during their post‐breeding trips, in order to compare diving and foraging behaviors. Juveniles showed a gradual improvement through time in their foraging skills. Like adults females, they remarkably adjusted their swimming effort according to temporal changes in buoyancy (i.e., a proxy of their body condition). They also did not appear to exceed their aerobic physiological diving limits, although dives were constrained by their smaller size compared to adults. Changes in buoyancy appeared to also influence their decision to either keep foraging or return to land, alongside the duration of their haul outs and choice of foraging habitat (oceanic vs. plateau). Further studies are thus needed to better understand how patterns in juveniles survival, and therefore elephant seal populations, might be affected by their changes in foraging skills and changes in their environmental conditions.
Evaluating consumptive and nonconsumptive predator effects on prey density using field time‐series data
Authors: Marino J. A. , Peacor S. D. , Bunnell D. B. , Vanderploeg H. A. , Pothoven S. A. , Elgin A. K. , Bence J. R. , Jiao J. , Ionides E. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDetermining the degree to which predation affects prey abundance in natural communities constitutes a key goal of ecological research. Predators can affect prey through both consumptive effects (CEs) and nonconsumptive effects (NCEs), although the contributions of each mechanism to the density of prey populations remain largely hypothetical in most systems. Common statistical methods applied to time‐series data cannot elucidate the mechanisms responsible for hypothesized predator effects on prey density (e.g., differentiate CEs from NCEs), nor can they provide parameters for predictive models. State‐space models (SSMs) applied to time‐series data offer a way to meet these goals. Here, we employ SSMs to assess effects of an invasive predatory zooplankter, Bythotrephes longimanus, on an important prey species, Daphnia mendotae, in Lake Michigan. We fit mechanistic models in an SSM framework to seasonal time series (1994–2012) using a recently developed, maximum‐likelihood–based optimization method, iterated filtering, which can overcome challenges in ecological data (e.g., nonlinearities, measurement error, and irregular sampling intervals). Our results indicate that B. longimanus strongly influences D. mendotae dynamics, with mean annual peak densities of B. longimanus observed in Lake Michigan estimated to cause a 61% reduction in D. mendotae population growth rate and a 59% reduction in peak biomass density. Further, the observed B. longimanus effect is most consistent with an NCE via reduced birth rates. The SSM approach also provided estimates for key biological parameters (e.g., demographic rates) and the contribution of dynamic stochasticity and measurement error. Our study therefore provides evidence derived directly from survey data that the invasive zooplankter B. longimanus is affecting zooplankton demographics and offer parameter estimates needed to inform predictive models that explore the effect of B. longimanus under different scenarios, such as climate change.
Characterization of regulatory T cells in obese omental adipose tissue in humans
Authors: Wu Dan , Han Jonathan M. , Yu Xin , Lam Avery J. , Hoeppli Romy E. , Pesenacker Anne M. , Huang Qing , Chen Virginia , Speake Cate , Yorke Ekua , Nguyen Nam , Sampath Sharadh , Harris David , Levings Megan K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObesity‐associated visceral adipose tissue (AT) inflammation promotes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In mice, lean visceral AT is populated with anti‐inflammatory cells, notably regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing the IL‐33 receptor ST2. Conversely, obese AT contains fewer Tregs and more proinflammatory cells. In humans, however, there is limited evidence for a similar pattern of obesity‐associated immunomodulation. We used flow cytometry and mRNA quantification to characterize human omental AT in 29 obese subjects, 18 of whom had T2D. Patients with T2D had increased proportions of inflammatory cells, including M1 macrophages, with positive correlations to body mass index. In contrast, Treg frequencies negatively correlated to body mass index but were comparable between T2D and non‐T2D individuals. Compared to human thymic Tregs, omental AT Tregs expressed similar levels of FOXP3, CD25, IKZF2, and CTLA4, but higher levels of PPARG, CCR4, PRDM1, and CXCL2. ST2, however, was not detectable on omental AT Tregs from lean or obese subjects. This is the first comprehensive investigation into how omental AT immunity changes with obesity and T2D in humans, revealing important similarities and differences to paradigms in mice. These data increase our understanding of how pathways of immune regulation could be targeted to ameliorate AT inflammation in humans.
Deep echo state networks with uncertainty quantification for spatio‐temporal forecasting
Authors: McDermott Patrick L. , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong‐lead forecasting for spatio‐temporal systems can entail complex nonlinear dynamics that are difficult to specify a priori. Current statistical methodologies for modeling these processes are often highly parameterized and, thus, challenging to implement from a computational perspective. One potential parsimonious solution to this problem is a method from the dynamical systems and engineering literature referred to as an echo state network (ESN). ESN models use reservoir computing to efficiently compute recurrent neural network forecasts. Moreover, multilevel (deep) hierarchical models have recently been shown to be successful at predicting high‐dimensional complex nonlinear processes, particularly those with multiple spatial and temporal scales of variability (such as those we often find in spatio‐temporal environmental data). Here, we introduce a deep ensemble ESN (D‐EESN) model. Despite the incorporation of a deep structure, the presented model is computationally efficient. We present two versions of this model for spatio‐temporal processes that produce forecasts and associated measures of uncertainty. The first approach utilizes a bootstrap ensemble framework, and the second is developed within a hierarchical Bayesian framework (BD‐EESN). This more general hierarchical Bayesian framework naturally accommodates non‐Gaussian data types and multiple levels of uncertainties. The methodology is first applied to a data set simulated from a novel non‐Gaussian multiscale Lorenz‐96 dynamical system simulation model and, then, to a long‐lead United States (U.S.) soil moisture forecasting application. Across both applications, the proposed methodology improves upon existing methods in terms of both forecast accuracy and quantifying uncertainty.