bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is racism a barrier to HIV care continuum engagement among Black People in the United States? A scoping review to assess the state of the science and inform a research agenda
Authors: Ford Chandra L , Cook Mekeila C , Cross Rebecca Israel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
People living with HIV can achieve viral suppression through timely HIV care continuum (HCC) engagement (ie, diagnosis, linkage to HIV care, retention in care, and adherence to prescribed treatment regimens). Black populations have poorer viral suppression, suboptimal HCC engagement, and higher levels of racism-related mistrust. The state of the evidence linking suboptimal HCC engagement to racism among US Black populations is assessed in this article. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 6 English language databases were searched using 3 sets of key terms related to HCC engagement (eg, HIV diagnosis), racism (eg, discrimination), and the population (eg, Black people). To exclude articles, 3 rounds of reviews were conducted and results assessed for interrater reliability (κ = 99.00%; P &lt; 0.00). From 2027 articles initially retrieved, the final set of analyses (n = 32) included clinical and nonclinical samples of people living with or at risk for HIV. Overall, the evidence was conceptually robust but methodologically simple. Studies primarily targeted intrapersonal and interpersonal racism and the late stage of HCC engagement: adherence. Sample-specific prevalence of racism ranged considerably; for example, 20% to 90% of sample members in clinical settings perceived or experienced interpersonal forms of racism. To date, the evidence suggests the relationship between racism and HCC engagement is mixed. Racism is salient among Black people living with or at risk for HIV. It appears not to impede HIV testing, though it may limit retention in HIV care, especially among men who have sex with men.
“I consider myself to be a leader”: a qualitative exploration of early career women family physicians’ intentions to assume a leadership role
Authors: Koempel Annie , Filippi Melissa K , Byrd Madeline , Siddiqi Anam , Bazemore Andrew , Jabbarpour Yalda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the increasing presence of women in US medical schools over the past 25 years, gender equity in medical leadership remains elusive. This qualitative study delves deeper into definitions of institutional leadership roles, who they are designed for, and how women currently contribute in unrecognized and uncompensated leadership positions.

Methods
We recruited family physicians who responded to the American Board of Family Medicine 2022 or 2023 graduate survey. We developed a semistructured interview guide following a modified life history approach to uncover women’s experiences through the stages from residency to workforce. A qualitative researcher used Zoom to interview 25 geographically and racially diverse early career women physicians. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed utilizing NVivo software following an Inductive Content Analysis approach.

Results
Three themes emerged from the data. First, the nature of institutionally recognized leadership positions was largely perceived as bureaucratic and disciplinary, which did not appeal to most participants. Second, women engaged in leadership roles that increased practice efficiency, improved working conditions, and added to their emotional labor—without remuneration. Third, women experienced a tension between work and family, but this did not impact their long-term career goals—which remained focused on patient care or lower-level leadership positions.

Conclusion
Increasing the number of women in leadership positions can be achieved through innovative leadership models that prioritize collaboration, flexibility, and work–life balance. Organizations must revise definitions of leadership to expand it to include the valuable, unrewarded work women undertake that advance their goals and overall patient health.
Excitation of filamentous growth in Dekkera spp. by quorum sensing aromatic alcohols 2-phenylethanol and tryptophol
Authors: Britton Scott J , Dingemans Thijs , Rogers Lisa J , White Jane S , Maskell Dawn L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fungi from the genus Dekkera, also known as Brettanomyces, are significant contaminants in commercial beer and wine production, and when present unintentionally, these non-domesticated yeasts result in the development of undesirable sensorial characteristics, in part due to the production of volatile phenols and acetate esters. The persistence of Dekkera spp. in industrial manufacturing environments can be attributed to its strong bioadhesive properties, allowing it to attach to various surfaces and form biofilms, which often contribute to recurrent contaminations. In other fungi, the yeast-to-filamentous transition is pivotal in enhancing bioadhesive properties, a process tightly regulated by density-dependent quorum-sensing mechanisms. However, there is no documented evidence regarding the influence of fungal quorum-sensing compounds on the yeast-to-filamentous transition in Dekkera, nor is there any evidence of existing quorum-sensing circuits in this genus. In this investigation, two Dekkera spp. were cultivated on a modified nitrogen-limiting synthetic low-ammonium dextrose medium supplemented with exogenous concentrations of quorum-sensing molecules 2-phenylethanol and tryptophol. Following cultivation, whole colonies were imaged and analyzed with a whole colony filamentation algorithm to quantify their filamentation. Our results demonstrate that the quorum-sensing compounds 2-phenylethanol and tryptophol significantly promote the yeast-to-filamentous transition in Dekkera spp., underscoring the broader presence of quorum-regulated social behaviors within this genus.
A new approach to small area estimation: improving forest management unit estimates with advanced preprocessing in a multivariate Fay–Herriot model
Authors: Georgakis Aristeidis , Papageorgiou Vasileios E , Stamatellos Georgios 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Forest inventories are essential for informing sustainable forest management decisions, and small area estimation (SAE) techniques aim to enhance the precision of these inventories, particularly when sample sizes are limited. This study presents a novel approach to SAE by integrating trivariate empirical best linear unbiased prediction Fay–Herriot (FH) models with advanced preprocessing techniques. By employing multivariate Fay–Herriot (MFH) models, the methodology utilizes clustering analysis, variable selection, and outlier treatment to improve the precision of estimates for small areas. A comparative analysis with traditional univariate Fay–Herriot (UFH) models demonstrates that MFH outperforms UFH in estimating key forest attributes such as forest growing stock volume, basal area, and Lorey’s mean tree Height, even in areas with limited sample sizes. The use of auxiliary variables derived from remote sensing data and past censuses proved critical, with remote sensing playing a dual role: aiding in clustering forest management units into larger small areas of interest and serving as covariates in the FH models. The results highlight the effectiveness of MFH1 (assuming independent and identically distributed random effects), which consistently produced estimates with &lt;5% coefficient of variation, indicating high precision. Across all response variables, MFH1 led to reductions in standard errors compared to UFH, with median percentage gains in precision of 17.22% for volume, 13.91% for basal area, and 3.95% for mean height. Mean precision gains were even higher, at 18.27%, 16.51%, and 10.87%, respectively. This study advances SAE methodologies by providing a robust framework for accurately estimating critical forest attributes in challenging scenarios, including geolocation errors, limited sample sizes, and the smallest applicable small areas for area-level models. It highlights the contribution of the correlation between multiple response variables to improving the precision of estimates. The proposed methodology has significant implications for enhancing the accuracy of forest inventories and supporting informed forest management decisions.
De Novo Genome Assembly and Annotation for the Synanthropic Webbing Clothes Moth (Tineola bisselliella): A Globally Distributed, Economically Important Pest
Authors: Alqassar Jasmine D , Aichelman Hannah E , Novick Isabel A , Mullen Sean P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tineola bisselliella, the webbing clothes moth, is an economically important, globally distributed synanthropic pest species and member of the basal moth lineage Tineidae. These moths are facultatively keratinophagous, and their larvae can cause extensive damage, particularly to clothing, textiles, and museum specimens. Despite the economic and phylogenetic importance of T. bisselliella, there is a lack of quality genomic resources for this, or for other species within the Tineidae family. The T. bisselliella genome assembly presented here consists of 30 pseudochromosomes (29 autosomes and 1 Z chromosome) produced using synteny alignment of a preliminary contig-level assembly (256 contigs) to a closely related species, Tinea pellionella. The resulting final pseudochromosome-level assembly is 243.630 Mb and has an N50 length of 8.708 Mb. The assembly is highly contiguous and has similar or improved quality compared to other available Tineidae genomes, with 93.1% (91.8% single copy and 1.3% duplicated) of lepidopteran orthologs complete and present. Annotation of the pseudochromosome-level genome assembly with the transcriptome we produced ultimately yielded 11,259 annotated genes. Synteny alignments between the T. bisselliella genome assembly and other Tineidae genomes revealed evidence for numerous small rearrangements with high synteny conservation. In contrast, a synteny alignment performed between T. bisselliella and Melitaea cinxia, which is thought to have retained the ancestral karyotype (n = 31), revealed a fusion of the ancestral autosome 30 and Z chromosome that led to a reduction in T. bisselliella karyotype size. The reference quality annotated genome for T. bisselliella presented here will advance our understanding of the evolution of the lepidopteran karyotype by providing a chromosome-level genome for this basal moth lineage and provide future insights into the mechanisms underlying keratin digestion in T. bisselliella.
Complex dynamics in peace negotiations: insiders' views on the Colombian experience
Authors: Arévalo Julián 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The study of peace negotiations has traditionally emphasized the conditions leading to peace talks and the effect of external variables on negotiation outcomes. This article draws from the recent experience of Colombia, where peace negotiations took place between the government and the two main guerrilla groups, to investigate the internal dynamics of peace negotiations and the outcomes they produce. In doing so, it connects the fields of conflict resolution and the study of complex systems. The article investigates the elements that help us to understand the different dynamics of the parallel peace talks conducted by the Colombian government with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) in the period between 2010 and 2018, and to draw lessons from Colombia's experience. The comparative qualitative research underpinning the article is based on 23 interviews conducted in 2022 with participants in the peace negotiations, representatives of the international community and experts closely involved in the negotiation processes. The study's main finding is the recognition of negotiation spaces as having the power to transform the relationship between the parties. This contributes to the study of other conflict scenarios, where much emphasis is placed on military variables, as opposed to the potential of negotiation spaces.
Seal-fishery interactions in the Falkland Islands—operational and environmental factors drive resource competition
Authors: Riaz Javed , Büring Tobias , van der Grient Jesse , Winter Andreas , Lee Brendon , Brickle Paul , Baylis Alastair M M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Direct interactions between marine mammals and commercial fisheries are a worldwide conservation challenge. Observer programmes remain the most effective and reliable method for collecting data on these interactions. In the Falkland Islands—home to globally significant seal populations and commercial squid fisheries, seal-fishery interactions have escalated in recent years, prompting management concerns. Complete observer coverage within the squid fishery presents a valuable opportunity to investigate the nature, extent, and drivers of these interactions. Integrating multi-year observer records with extensive ancillary (i.e. vessel logbook and oceanographic) datasets, we examine the operational and environmental factors influencing the occurrence of seal-fishery interactions. Our findings show interactions most frequently occur in the main squid fishing grounds during trawls associated with high catch quantities. Assessment of long-term catch data (both finfish and squid) also suggests the increase in seal-fishery interactions may be caused by collapses in dominant finfish stocks over the past 20 years, constricting foraging resources available to seals. Taken together, our findings indicate resource competition may be a mechanism of interactions. To help mitigate this issue, we advocate for the development of ecosystem-based fisheries management, which considers the trophic effects of fishing practices and the energetic requirements of local marine predator populations.
Prohibited artificial intelligence practices according to Article 5 of the European Union’s regulation on AI—between the ‘too late’ and the ‘not enough’
Authors: Ćemalović Uroš 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In June 2024, the European Union adopted the AI Act (AIA), its first comprehensive legal instrument in this field. Notwithstanding the undoubted importance of the very adoption of this act, it is much less certain whether it will significantly contribute to more trustworthy and human-centric AI tools and systems. Focusing on a critical examination of the provisions of AIA dedicated to the prohibited AI practices, this paper argues that the answer is no, mainly because of the AIA’s late adoption, as well as due to the fact that it did not go far enough in regulating AI.
Parvovirus B19 and Human Herpes Virus 6B and 7 Are Frequently Found DNA Viruses in the Human Thymus But Show No Definitive Link With Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Nowlan Kirsten , Hannolainen Leo , Assimakopoulou Irini M , Dürnsteiner Pia , Sarkkinen Joona , Suokas Santeri , Hedman Lea , Tienari Pentti J , Hedman Klaus , Niku Mikael , Aaltonen Leena-Maija , Huuskonen Antti , Räsänen Jari V , Ilonen Ilkka K , Mäyränpää Mikko I , Dunkel Johannes , Laakso Sini M , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Perdomo Maria F , Kekäläinen Eliisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness resulting from autoantibody-mediated disruption of the neuromuscular junction. Notably, it is also frequently associated with thymic pathology. This study explores the relationship between MG and DNA viruses in the thymus, employing targeted next-generation sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze thymic tissue samples from both patients with MG and healthy controls. We detected human herpes virus 6B and 7, Epstein-Barr virus, and parvovirus B19 (B19V) across various tissue groups. However, no significant enrichment of these viruses was observed in the thymic tissue of patients with MG.
Bayesian analysis of non-communicable diseases risk factors: a focus on the lower-educated population in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md Ismail , Gupta Moumita Datta , Ohi Tahsina Fariha , Rahman Md Mahfuzur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigates non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors, specifically hypertension and diabetes, among Bangladeshi adults with lower educational attainment. With an increasing global burden of NCDs, understanding the dynamics in lower-educated populations becomes crucial for targeted interventions and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.4–curtailing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by one-third by 2030 through prevention and treatment.

Methods
Utilizing data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (2017–2018), a two-stage stratified sampling design identified 7287 lower-educated individuals. Bayesian logistic regression was applied for risk factor analysis.

Results
The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among lower-educated people was 31% and 9.3%, respectively. NCD prevalence (37.3%) underscored a significant health burden. Factors such as gender, age, wealth status, working status, residence and region showed significant associations with NCDs. Bayesian analysis revealed that females were 1.30 times more likely to develop NCDs, while older age groups demonstrated 4.30 times greater likelihood. Employed individuals exhibited a 43% lower risk. Wealthier households showed higher NCD likelihood and residence in the central region was associated with an 11% lower risk.

Conclusions
This study highlights the high risk of developing NCDs among lower-educated females, particularly those ≥35 y of age in Bangladesh. Therefore, targeted interventions for this group are critical to reducing NCD risks, supporting national health objectives and advancing progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals.
Host-specific viral predation network on coral reefs
Authors: Varona Natascha S , Hesketh-Best Poppy J , Coutinho Felipe H , Stiffler Alexandra K , Wallace Bailey A , Garcia Sofia L , Scholten Yun , Haas Andreas F , Little Mark , Vermeij Mark , Luque Antoni , Silveira Cynthia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Viral infections are major modulators of marine microbial community assembly and biogeochemical cycling. In coral reefs, viral lysis controls bacterial overgrowth that is detrimental to coral health. However, methodological limitations have prevented the identification of viral hosts and quantification of their interaction frequencies. Here, we reconstructed an abundance-resolved virus–bacteria interaction network in the oligotrophic coral reef waters of Curaçao by integrating direct microscopy counts with virus-host links obtained from proximity-ligation, prophage integration, and CRISPR spacers. This network of 3013 individual links (97 unique species-level interactions) revealed that the abundance of free viral particles was weakly related to host abundance and viral production, as indicated by the cell-associated virus-to-host ratio (VHR). The viruses with the highest free and cell-associated VHR, interpreted here as highly productive viruses, formed links with intermediate-to-low abundance hosts belonging to Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Planctomycetia. In contrast, low-production viruses interacted with abundant members of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria enriched in prophages. These findings highlight the decoupling between viral abundance and production and identify potentially active viruses. We propose that differential decay rates and burst sizes may explain the decoupling between free viral abundance and production and that lysogenic infections play an important role in the ecology of high-abundance hosts.
When Generalized Trust Matters? Impact of Industrial Tertiarization on Trade Preference Formation
Authors: Fujita Masafumi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Generalized trust has attracted attention as a non-material disposition that affects risk perception in political and economic international cooperation. However, its effect on public support for free trade or trade agreements has been debated. This debate centers on whether the economic impacts of trade are evident or uncertain to ordinary citizens because generalized trust operates only when trade impacts are uncertain and risk perception is crucial. However, the visibility of trade impacts varies significantly depending on the economic environment. This study explores the role of industrial tertiarization, the shift from agriculture and manufacturing to services, in altering the visibility of trade impacts. It hypothesizes that generalized trust shapes trade preferences primarily in highly tertiarized local economies. Using data from the 2016 American National Election Studies and World Values Survey Wave 7, this hypothesis was tested and confirmed. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the influence of generalized trust on trade preferences varies with the level of local tertiarization. It also proposes new causal mechanisms for understanding anti-globalism in developed countries and suggests that the influence of economic impacts on trade preferences may similarly depend on local tertiarization levels.
Knowledge graph-based multi-granularity tacit design knowledge reuse for product design
Authors: Jia Jia , Zhang Yingzhong , Saad Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Decomposing product design into multiple granularities is an effective strategy to implement complex product design. Tacit design knowledge (TDK), adhering to designers’ experience and intuition, plays an essential role in the product design at various granularities, but it is difficult to acquire and reuse due to its implicity. Aiming at this issue, a knowledge graph-based multi-granularity TDK reuse framework for product design is presented. First, the design issue-solving oriented knowledge graph (DSKG) model is employed to indirectly capture TDK, where the design result data are represented as design solution nodes and the design issues that refine design solution are represented as relation edges. An improved ontological concept model is designed as the schema of the DSKG to represent the multi-granularity design knowledge on functions, behaviours, and structures of products. Afterwards, the framework supports two design modes, i.e., top–down design and bottom–up design, where the captured TDK is reused to create the design context and predict design solutions. DSKG embedding is employed for design solution prediction in both design modes, while the design context creation is achieved distinctively. In top–down design, the design issue-solving process starts from the design requirements and then gradually downward refines the design solutions at different granularities with breadth-first strategy, which naturally creates the continuous design context, until moving to the detailed design. In bottom–up design, the target design solution is commonly isolated at specific fine-grained granularity. This paper presents a novel approach to constructing design context based on path-ranking algorithm. Path-ranking algorithm can identify the design solution influence paths to build connections between the design requirements and the isolated design solution and thus construct the design context. Finally, a case study for stamping die design is implemented, which illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the framework. The comparisons with the state-of-the-art design methods are also made to demonstrate the merits of the presented framework.