bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV among Ethiopian Women aged 15-49: Trend Analysis from 2000-2016
Authors: Desta Yemane 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Globally, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is the major route of pediatric HIV infection. In Ethiopia 110, 000 children aged 0 to 14 were living with HIV in 2014. However, this number has been significantly declined to 36,000 in 2018. Deaths of children due to AIDS has also fall down from 23, 000 in 2014 to 1800 in 2018. Even though improvements have been shown in the past 5 years, still the progress is much less slower than the needed. In this sense, improving maternal and child health, enhancing knowledge and awareness of women towards mitigating of MTCT are essential. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate knowledge of MTCT of HIV, associated factors and its trend among women in Ethiopia.Methods

This study included 15683 women obtained from 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were performed to investigate the association between risk factors and MTCT of HIV.Results

Higher education level (Odds Ratio (OR) =1.39, 95%CI=1.15-1.67; P<0.001), belonging to city administration and Harari region (OR =1.53, 95%CI= 1.23-1.90; P<0.001), being divorced or separated (OR =1.37, 95% CI= 1.19-1.58; P<0.001)), having a better wealth (OR =1.44, 95% CI= 1.24-1.68; P<0.001)), mass media exposure (OR =1.20, 95% CI= 1.12-1.29; P<0.001)) and having comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge (OR =1.69, 95% CI= 1.56-1.82; P<0.001) had a strong association with having sufficient knowledge of MTCT. While MTCT knowledge is low (57%) among Ethiopian women, the results show a significant (P<0.001) increase from 2.6% in 2000 to 57% in 2016. Similarly, women in 2016 are 50.40 times more likely to have MTCT of HIV knowledge compared to their counterparts in 2000.Conclusions

Taken together, the findings are of key importance to address knowledge on prevention of MTCT of HIV among women of child-bearing age which are targets of effective approaches for reducing MTCT of HIV.
Integrated approach in the management of skin NTDs: Situational analysis of the integrated screening campaigns of skin diseases (leprosy, Buruli ulcer and yaws) in three health districts of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koffi Aboa Paul , Yao Théodore Ange Kouakou , BAROGUI YVES Thierry , Johnson Roch Christian , Diez Gabriel , Djakeaux Simplice , Zahiri Marie Hélène , Sopoh Ghislain Emmanue l , Santos Silvia , Kingsley Asiedu , Assé Henri 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BackgroundNeglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) comprise 20 communicable diseases that are prevalent in rural poor and remote communities with less access to the health system. For an effective and efficient control, the WHO recommends to affected countries the implementation of integrated control interventions that take into account the different co-endemic NTDs in the same community. However, implementing these integrated interventions involving several diseases with different etiologies, requiring different control approaches and driven by different vertical programs remains a challenge. We report here the results and lessons learned from a pilot test of this integrated approach based on integrated screening of skin diseases in three co-endemic health districts of Côte d'Ivoire, a West African country endemic for Buruli ulcer, leprosy and yaw three skin NTDs. MethodThis cross-sectional study took place from April 2016 to March 2017 in 3 Districts of Côte d’Ivoire co-endemic for BU, leprosy and yaws. It was carried out in 6 stages: identification of potentially co-endemic communities; stakeholder training; social mobilization; mobile medical consultations; case detection and management; and a review meeting.ResultsIn total, 2310 persons were screened with skin diseases. Among them, 07 cases were diagnosed as Buruli ulcer. There were 30 leprosy cases and 15 yaws detected. Other types of ulcerations and skin conditions have been identified and represent the majority of cases detected. We learned from this pilot experience that integration can be successfully implemented in co-endemic communities in Côte d’Ivoire. Health workers are motivated and available to implement integrated interventions instead of interventions focused on a single disease. However, it is essential to provide capacity building, a minimum of drugs and consumables for the care of the patients detected, as well as follow up of detected patients including those with other skin conditions.ConclusionsThe results of this study show that the integration of activities can be successfully implemented in co-endemic communities under the condition of a staff capacity building and a minimal care of the detected patients.
Self reported fall and associated factors among adult people with visual impairment in Gondar, Ethiopia.
Authors: Getnet Moges Gashaw , Janakiraman Balamurugan , Minyihun Amare , Belay Gashaw Jember , Sany Kedir 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Fall is one of the most common and potentially disabling issues among people with visual impairment. Fall is a major public health problem and the leading cause of unintentional injury, disability and premature death worldwide. Several population based studies have reported poor vision as a frequent risk factor for falls yet large number of studies failed clarify the role of visual impairment in falls. Ethiopia lacked estimates of falls among both normal sighted and visual impaired persons. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of and visual related factors, other factors associated with falls among adult people with medically diagnosed visual impairment.Methods

An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among visually impaired adults who were attended ophthalmology clinic in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. Data was collected by interview methods using structured questionnaire, patient record review and physical measurement. A bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model analysis was used to identify factors associated with fall. Adjusted Odds Ratio with corresponding 95% Confidence Interval was computed to show the strength of association.Results

A total of 328 adults with visual impairment participated in the study (97.3% response rate). The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 89 years with mean age of (56.46±14.2 years). The overall cumulative prevalence of self-reported fall among adults with visual impairment was 26.8% with 95%CI (22.0-31.4). The major associated factors of fall identified by multivariate analysis were fear of falling; some concerned: (AOR, 4.12; 95%CI, 1.44-11.76), very concerned fear (AOR, 10.03; 95% CI, 3.03-33.21), medication: (AOR, 4.63; 95% CI 2.14-10.00) and self reported depression: (AOR, 3.46; 95%CI 1.11-10.79).Conclusion

A moderate self-reported prevalence with high rate of fall related injuries was reported adult people with visual impairment participants in this study. The results indicate that strategies to provide fall prevention environment should be developed to reduce this impact of visual impairment and reduce fall and fall related injuries.
Correlational Research on the 3D Digital Models Based Measurement for Periodontal Biotypes of Crown and Gingival Morphology
Authors: Yin Xiao-jie , Wei Bang-yan , Ke Xiu-ping , Zhang Ting , Jiang Meng-yang , Luo Xia-yan , Sun Hui Qiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

This paper aims to quantitatively study the clinical parameters of crown and gingival morphology (CGM) of the maxillary anterior teeth (MAT), and analyze the correlation of parameters between periodontal biotype(PB) and CGM, with a view to providing objective standards for periodontal biotyping.Methods

The 3D maxillary digital models of 56 experimental subjects were obtained through an intra-oral scanner, and an array of parameters measued with the SpaceClaim software, such as gingival angle (GA), papilla width (PW), papilla height (PH), crown length (CL), crown width (CW), crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), bucco-lingual width of the crown (BLW), contact surface width (CSW), and contact surface height/crown length ratio (CS/CL). Then, the PBs were judged through the transparency method of the periodontal probe through the gingival sulcus. Logistic regression was adopted to analyze the independent influence factors of PB, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) used to analyze the optimal cutoff value of independent influence factors.Results

There is statistical difference to the parameters of CGM of the MAT at left and right side. The thick biotype accounts for 69.6%, and the parameters of gender, GA, PW, PH, CW and CW/CL are significantly correlated with PBs (P≤0.043). GA (OR=1.206) and PW (OR=5.048) are the independent predictive factors of PBs, their areas under the ROC curve (AUC) are 0.807 and 0.881, respectively, and their optimal cutoff values are 95.95° and 10.01mm, respectively.Conclusion

The CGMs of the MAT at the left and right side is symmetrical. The thin biotype accounts for a small portion, and GA and PW are the independent influence factors of PBs. When GA is 95.95° and PW is 10.01mm, it is the optimal cutoff value to categorize experimental subjects into thick biotype.
Shaping Force and Torque Values during Canal Shaping using XP Shaper and OneCurve Systems
Authors: Jamleh Ahmed , Alfadley Abdulmohsen , Alghofaili Nasser , Jamleh Hani , Alfouzan Khalid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the magnitude of shaping forces and dynamic torques developed with XP shaper (XPS) and OneCurve (OC) systems during canal shaping of extracted teeth.Methods Thirty-two single-canalled mandibular premolars were divided into two groups: XPS and OC (n=16 each). In XPS and OC, the canals were shaped with their dedicated file inserted three times until it reached the canal length. The experiment was performed while the test sample was surrounded by water under controlled simulated intracanal temperature. The real-time shaping forces and torques induced during canal shaping were observed. The inward and outward peak shaping forces and the peak torques were recorded and used for statistical analysis by using the Mann-Whitney test. The statistical significance was set at 5%.Results In both groups, the developed shaping forces in both directions and the torques increased with the successive file insertions. The inward and outward peak forces of the XPS and OC groups ranged from 0.33 to 3.12 N and from 0.09 to 1.96 N, respectively. The peak torque developed in both groups ranged from 0.12 to 1.52 N.cm. In the three insertions, the XPS showed significantly lower peak forces in both directions (P=0.00). For the peak torque, XPS had significantly lower values in all the insertions (P=0.00).Conclusions The XPS system had significantly lower shaping forces and lower dynamic torque values during canal shaping compared with the OC system.
Phenotypes of Streptococcus mutans isolates in sound and cavitated tooth surfaces and its relationship to early childhood caries in China
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Li Huihui , Guo Zhenfei , Sun Yu , Zheng Qingwei , Hu Fuyong , Guan Junchang , Zhang Kai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

To compare the phenotypes of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans ) strains isolated from sites with different caries susceptibility of a single subject.

Methods

This study was carried out in children with early-childhood caries (ECC) and caries-free (CF). The ECC subjects presented two sites: a cavitated lesion (ECC-C) and a sound surface (ECC-F). The CF subjects presented one sound surface. The following phenotypes were evaluated among these three sites: growth pattern, biofilm, exopolysaccharide (EPS), pH drop, and the expression levels of genes (gtfB, gtfC, spaP, srtA, relA, ffh, srn225147, and srn821798).

Results

All of these phenotypes were detected similarly between ECC-C and ECC-F groups. However, the capacity of biofilm formation, EPS, pH drop and the expression levels of genes (gtfB and spaP) of S. mutans in the CF group were lower compared to those of the ECC group. There was a relatively higher expression of srn821798 compared to that of srn225147 in clinical isolates, and isolates with low expression of srn821798 had lower expression levels of predicted targets (gtfB, gtfC, and spaP).

Conclusions

These data indicate S. mutans isolated from sites with different caries susceptibility of a single subject showed similar characteristics, while the cariogenic potential of the S. mutans isolated from ECC individuals was relatively higher than that of CF subjects.
Comparison of methods for detection of in vitro synergy in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Gaudereto Juliana Januario , Neto Lauro Vieira Perdigão , Leite Gleice Cristina , Sanchez Evelyn , Martins Roberta Ruedas , Prado Gladys Villas Boas do , Rossi Flavia , Guimaraes Thais , Levin Anna Sara , Costa Silvia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The use of combined antibiotic therapy has became an option for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Time-kill (TK) assay is the gold standard method for evaluation of in vitro synergy; however, it is a time consuming and expensive method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro synergy using ETEST and disk diffusion methods that can be used routinely in clinical microbiology laboratories. Sixty-two MDR Gram-negative clinical isolates (28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 20 Acinetobacter baumannii and 14 Serratia marcescens) were submitted to TK, disk approximation (DA) and MIC:MIC ratio synergy methods. Overall, the agreement between the DA and TK assays for P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens isolates ranged from 57 to 93%. MIC:MIC ratio concordance with TK ranged from 57 to 71%. The best agreement with the TK assay was observed using DA method for A. baumannii isolates for the combination of fosfomycin with meropenem (80%; k= 0,60; P= 0,003). The concordance was also higher for combinations with colistin for colistin-resistant A. baumannii isolates by DA and MIC:MIC ratio methods. The DA and MIC:MIC ratio methods are easier to perform and may be a more viable tool for clinical microbiology laboratories. Moreover, more studies with large collection of strains are needed to evaluate these assays.
A longitudinal study on morpho-genetic diversity of pathogenic Rhizoctonia solani from sugar beet and dry beans of western Nebraska
Authors: Das Saurav , Plyler-Harveson T. , Santra Dipak K. , Nielson Kathy A. , Harveson Robert M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Root and stem rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a serious fungal disease of sugar beet and dry bean production in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to analyze morpho-genetic diversity of 38 Rhizoctonia solani isolates from sugar beet and dry bean fields in western Nebraska over 10 years. Morphological features and ISSR-based DNA markers were used to study the morphogenetic diversity. Fungal colonies were morphologically diverse in shapes, aerial hyphae formation, colony, and sclerotia color. Marker analysis using nineteen polymorphic ISSR markers showed polymorphic bands ranged from 15 - 28 with molecular weight of 100bp to 3kb. Polymorphic loci ranged from 43.26 – 92.88%. Nei genetic distance within the population ranged from 0.03 – 0.09 and Shannon diversity index varied from 0.24 – 0.28. AMOVA analysis based on ΦPT values showed 87% variation within and 13% among the population with statistical significance (p<0.05). Majority of the isolates from sugar beet showed nearby association within the population. A significant number of isolates showed similarity with isolates of both the crops suggesting their broad pathogenicity. Isolates were grouped into three different clusters in UPGMA based cluster analysis using marker information. Interestingly, there was no geographical correlation between the isolates. Principle component analysis showed randomized distribution of isolates from the same geographical origin. This information may help in molecular pathotyping of the pathogen for better disease management.
Campylobacter and Rotavirus co-infection in diarrheal children in a referral children hospital in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Vishnu , Sharma Saroj , Rijal Komal Raj , Banjara Megha Raj 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Diarrhea, although easily curable, is a global cause of death for a million children every year. Rotavirus and Campylobacter are the most common etiological agents of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. However, in Nepal, these causative agents are not routinely examined for the diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to determine Campylobacter co-infection associated with Rotaviral diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kanti Children's Hospital (KCH), Kathmandu, Nepal from November 2017 to April 2018. A total of 303 stool specimens from diarrheal children were processed to detect Rotavirus using rapid Rotavirus Ag test kit, and Campylobacter by microscopy, culture and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test of Campylobacter isolates was performed according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines 2015. Of 303 samples, 91 (30.0%) were positive for co-infection with Rotavirus and Campylobacter ; Rotavirus monoinfection was detected in 61 (20.1%), and Campylobacter monoinfection was detected in 81 (26.7%). Patient’s age, month of infection, untreated water and frequent soil contact were the major risk factors for infections. Clinical features such as >9 loose motions per day, fever, vomiting, mild to moderate dehydration, diarrhea persisting 6-9 days and presence of mucus in stool were significant (p<0.05) clinical features and were more severe in coinfection compared to monoinfections in multivariate analysis. The study shows a high rate of Rotavirus and Campylobacter coinfection in children with diarrhea. Diagnostic based management of diarrheal cases can guide the specific treatment. In addition, the associated factors identified in this study can guide clinicians for clinical judgement, diagnosis and treatment.
Investigation of Predictability and Influence factors of the Achieved Lenticule Thickness in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Wu Fang , Yin Houfa , Chen Xinyi , Yang Yabo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the differences between the predicted and achieved lenticule thickness (ΔLT) after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and investigate relationships between ΔLT and refractive errors or lenticule depth in SMILE.

Methods

A total of 184 eyes from 184 consecutive patients who underwent SMILE were included in this prospective study. One eye for each patient was randomly selected and included for statistical analysis. An ultrasound pachymetry measurement and Scheimpflug camera corneal topography were obtained before and at 3 months after SMILE. The achieved lenticule thickness was calculated by comparing the preoperative examinations with postoperative examinations using ultrasound pachymetry and Pentacam software measurements. The pupil center and corneal vertex were selected as the 2 locations for measurement calculation on Pentacam. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare mean pachymetry values using different instruments. An independent t test was performed to evaluate the difference in ΔLT between different cap thicknesses. Linear regression analyses were performed between the VisuMax readout lenticule thicknesses and the measured maximum corneal change, the preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) and each ΔLT.

Results

On average, the achieved lenticule thickness measured with ultrasound pachymetry was 13.02 ± 8.87 μm thinner than the VisuMax readout lenticule thickness. Linear regression analysis showed significant relationships between the predicted and each achieved lenticule thickness. The preoperative SE was significantly related to each ΔLT (ultrasound: R2 =0.279; at corneal vertex: R2 =0.252; at pupil center R2 =0.246). The ΔLT measured by ultrasound pachymetry was significantly smaller in the thick cap group (cap thickness above 120 μm) than in the thin cap group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

An overestimation of achieved lenticule thickness was found in this study. The ΔLT was related to the preoperative SE correction. Furthermore a lager ΔLT was found under a thin cap.
Characteristics And Outcomes of Perforating Trauma With Intraorbital Foreign Body
Authors: Ren Hui , Hu Xiaobing , Zhou Min , Huang Yongheng , Guo Diwen , Jiang Rui , Qian Jiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with perforating trauma with intraorbital foreign body (IOrbFb).

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 31 consecutive patients with perforating trauma and IOrbFb treated in Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University from 2014 to 2018.

Results

30 (96.8%) patients were male and 1 (3.2%) was female. The ocular trauma score (OTS) was 1 in 18 (58.1%) patients, 2 in 8 (25.8%) patients and 3 in 5 (16.1%) patients. At the time of the last follow-up, the visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 3 (9.7%) patients, 6 (19.4%) patients was between 20/50-20/200, 6 (19.4%) was between 20/200 or worse, a total of 16 (51.6%) patients was no light perception and 14 (45.2%) patients underwent evisceration/enucleation.

Conclusions

The prognosis of perforating trauma with IOrbFb is closely related to OTS. Removal of IOrbFbs is safe with current orbital surgery techniques. An emphasis on education and protective eyewear use would be helpful in reducing these injuries.
Improving Prognostic and Fibrotic Evaluation of Chronic Kidney Disease with Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Index Derived Peak Intensity: an observational study
Authors: Xu Yao , Li Hongli , Wang Chunlin , Zhang Minfang , Wang Qin , Xie Yuanyuan , Shao Xinghua , Tian Lei , Yuan Yanhong , Yan Wei , Feng Tienan , Li Fenghua , Ni Zhaohui , Mou Shan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has emerged as a cost-effective novel non-invasive imaging technique to improve the diagnosis and predict CKD progression.
Methods Patients diagnosed with CKD who underwent CEUS with intravenous bolus contrast 1.5 ml SonoVue during 2014 to December 2014 at Ren Ji hospital, Shanghai, China, were enrolled in this study. Time-intensity curves and quantitative indexes were created using QLAB quantification software. Kidney biopsies were analyzed with α-SMA immunohistochemistry. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the risk factors for kidney survival.
Results Out of 167 CKD patients followed for a median of 23.6±11.3 months, 29 (17.4%) exhibited CKD progression with decline in glomerular filtration rate of more than 25% or end-stage renal disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed lower derived peak intensity (DPI) was independently associated with progression of kidney disease. Patients with DPI≤11.98db had more severe renal fibrosis and less likely to recover from CKD progression.
Conclusions This study demonstrated that the DPI is a reliable CEUS parameter for the evaluation of renal function and independent predictor for the prognosis of CKD patients.