bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the nonclassicality of pure dephasing
Authors: Chen Hong-Bin , Lo Ping-Yuan , Gneiting Clemens , Bae Joonwoo , Chen Yueh-Nan , Nori Franco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the central problems in quantum theory is to characterize, detect, and quantify quantumness in terms of classical strategies. Dephasing processes, caused by non-dissipative information exchange between quantum systems and environments, provides a natural platform for this purpose, as they control the quantum-to-classical transition. Recently, it has been shown that dephasing dynamics itself can exhibit (non)classical traits, depending on the nature of the system-environment correlations and the related (im)possibility to simulate these dynamics with Hamiltonian ensembles–the classical strategy. Here we establish the framework of detecting and quantifying the nonclassicality for pure dephasing dynamics. The uniqueness of the canonical representation of Hamiltonian ensembles is shown, and a constructive method to determine the latter is presented. We illustrate our method for qubit, qutrit, and qubit-pair pure dephasing and describe how to implement our approach with quantum process tomography experiments. Our work is readily applicable to present-day quantum experiments.
Tropical cyclones act to intensify El Niño
Authors: Wang Qiuyun , Li Jianping , Jin Fei-Fei , Chan Johnny C. L. , Wang Chunzai , Ding Ruiqiang , Sun Cheng , Zheng Fei , Feng Juan , Xie Fei , Li Yanjie , Li Fei , Xu Yidan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs), some of the most influential weather events across the globe, are modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, little is known about the feedback of TCs on ENSO. Here, observational and modelling evidence shows that TC activity in the southeastern western North Pacific can affect the Niño-3.4 index 3 months later. Increased TC activity in July–September can significantly contribute to the intensity of ENSO in October–December by weakening the Walker circulation and enhancing eastward-propagating oceanic Kelvin waves in the tropical Pacific. Thus, the greater the accumulated cyclone energy, the stronger (weaker) the El Niño (La Niña). A new physics-based empirical model for ENSO is constructed that significantly outperforms current models in predicting ENSO intensity from July to December and addressing the problem about the target period slippage of ENSO. Results suggest that TCs may provide significant cross-scale feedback to ENSO.
PPM1D mutations silence NAPRT gene expression and confer NAMPT inhibitor sensitivity in glioma
Authors: Fons Nathan R. , Sundaram Ranjini K. , Breuer Gregory A. , Peng Sen , McLean Ryan L. , Kalathil Aravind N. , Schmidt Mark S. , Carvalho Diana M. , Mackay Alan , Jones Chris , Carcaboso Ángel M. , Nazarian Javad , Berens Michael E. , Brenner Charles , Bindra Ranjit S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPediatric high-grade gliomas are among the deadliest of childhood cancers due to limited knowledge of early driving events in their gliomagenesis and the lack of effective therapies available. In this study, we investigate the oncogenic role of PPM1D, a protein phosphatase often found truncated in pediatric gliomas such as DIPG, and uncover a synthetic lethal interaction between PPM1D mutations and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) inhibition. Specifically, we show that mutant PPM1D drives hypermethylation of CpG islands throughout the genome and promotes epigenetic silencing of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), a key gene involved in NAD biosynthesis. Notably, PPM1D mutant cells are shown to be sensitive to NAMPT inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, within both engineered isogenic astrocytes and primary patient-derived model systems, suggesting the possible application of NAMPT inhibitors for the treatment of pediatric gliomas. Overall, our results reveal a promising approach for the targeting of PPM1D mutant tumors, and define a critical link between oncogenic driver mutations and NAD metabolism, which can be exploited for tumor-specific cell killing.
Arctic closure as a trigger for Atlantic overturning at the Eocene-Oligocene Transition
Authors: Hutchinson David K. , Coxall Helen K. , OʹRegan Matt , Nilsson Johan , Caballero Rodrigo , de Boer Agatha M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT), approximately 34 Ma ago, marks a period of major global cooling and inception of the Antarctic ice sheet. Proxies of deep circulation suggest a contemporaneous onset or strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Proxy evidence of gradual salinification of the North Atlantic and tectonically driven isolation of the Arctic suggest that closing the Arctic-Atlantic gateway could have triggered the AMOC at the EOT. We demonstrate this trigger of the AMOC using a new paleoclimate model with late Eocene boundary conditions. The control simulation reproduces Eocene observations of low Arctic salinities. Subsequent closure of the Arctic-Atlantic gateway triggers the AMOC by blocking freshwater inflow from the Arctic. Salt advection feedbacks then lead to cessation of overturning in the North Pacific. These circulation changes imply major warming of the North Atlantic Ocean, and simultaneous cooling of the North Pacific, but no interhemispheric change in temperatures.
RNA-Seq analysis and de novo transcriptome assembly of Cry toxin susceptible and tolerant Achaea janata larvae
Authors: Dhania Narender K. , Chauhan Vinod K. , Chaitanya R. K. , Dutta-Gupta Aparna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLarvae of most lepidopteran insect species are known to be voracious feeders and important agricultural pests throughout the world. Achaea janata larvae cause serious damage to Ricinus communis (Castor) in India resulting in significant economic losses. Microbial insecticides based on crystalline (Cry) toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been effective against the pest. Excessive and indiscriminate use of Bt-based biopesticides could be counter-productive and allow susceptible larvae to eventually develop resistance. Further, lack of adequate genome and transcriptome information for the pest limit our ability to determine the molecular mechanisms of altered physiological responses in Bt-exposed susceptible and tolerant insect strains. In order to facilitate biological, biochemical and molecular research of the pest species that would enable more efficient biocontrol, we report the midgut de novo transcriptome assembly and clustering of susceptible Cry toxin-exposed and Cry toxin tolerant Achaea janata larvae with appropriate age-matched and starvation controls.
Intensity and Stationarity Analysis of Land Use Change Based on CART Algorithm
Authors: Sang Xiao , Guo Qiaozhen , Wu Xiaoxu , Fu Ying , Xie Tongyao , He Chengwei , Zang Jinlong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLand use directly reflects degree of human development and utilization of land. Intensity analysis of land use is a quantitative method to analyze land use changes. In this paper, land use changes in Tianjin were studied using Thematic Mapper (TM) remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) remote sensing image in 2015. Land use information was extracted using decision tree classification method based on CART (Classification and Regression Trees) algorithm. This paper introduced land use intensity analysis to analyze its change intensity and stationarity, respectively at interval, category and transition levels. Based on the theory, new models were developed in the transition level to analyze land use change pattern. The analysis quantifies the contribution of a certain land categories to land use change during a specific time interval. The change of land use during 1995–2015 indicated that Tianjin experienced rapid urban development with the area of urban land increased by about 7.5%. This study provided a reference for the sustainable development of land use in Tianjin.
Genotoxicity and glucose tolerance induction by acetyltriethylcitrate, substitute plasticizer compared to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Authors: Lee Jae-Wook , Lee Seok Jong , Gye Myung Chan , Moon Eun-Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of phthalates, is classified as probable human carcinogens in EPA, acetyltriethyl citrate(ATEC), one of aliphatic esters, could be applied to DEHP substitute. ATEC is used as plasticizers in cosmetics and nail products. Here, we studied whether ATEC might have genotoxic potential and induce glucose tolerance as compared to DEHP. Genotoxicity was determined by Ames test with histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537) and tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA(pKM101)) strains, chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung(CHL/IU) cells, and micronucleus test with bone marrow cells of CD-1 mice. The number of revertants was not significantly changed in Ames test. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations was less than 5% in ATEC- or DEHP-treated cells for 6 or 24 h. In addition, no statistically significant increase was observed for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and for the ratio of PCE among total erythrocytes at 24 or 48 h after the treatment of mice with ATEC or DEHP. In the meanwhile, blood glucose level (BGL) was increased by the treatment of mice with DEHP or ATEC for 5 consecutive days. Additional 7 days later, BGL by DEHP was recovered to normal level, but not that by ATEC. Then, taken together, our results suggest that ATEC could disrupt glucose metabolism under our experimental conditions. Therefore, although DEHP and ATEC may not be genotoxic, our data should be helpful for persons with the problem in glucose metabolism to choose products containing DEHP or ATEC.
Botryane terpenoids produced by Nemania bipapillata, an endophytic fungus isolated from red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage
Authors: Medina Rebeca P. , Araujo Angela R. , Batista João M. , Cardoso Carmen L. , Seidl Cláudia , Vilela Adriana F. L. , Domingos Helori V. , Costa-Lotufo Leticia V. , Andersen Raymond J. , Silva Dulce H. S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA chemical study of the EtOAc extract of Nemania bipapillata (AT-05), an endophytic fungus isolated from the marine red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis - Falkenbergia stage, led to the isolation of five new botryane sesquiterpenes, including the diastereomeric pair (+)-(2R,4S,5R,8S)-(1) and (+)-(2R,4R,5R,8S)-4-deacetyl-5-hydroxy-botryenalol (2), (+)-(2R,4S,5R,8R)-4-deacetyl-botryenalol (3), one pair of diastereomeric botryane norsesquiterpenes bearing an unprecedented degraded carbon skeleton, (+)-(2R,4R,8R)-(4) and (+)-(2R,4S,8S)-(5), which were named nemenonediol A and nemenonediol B, respectively, in addition to the known 4β-acetoxy-9β,10β,15α-trihydroxyprobotrydial (6). Their structures were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and comparison with literature data of similar known compounds. The absolute configurations of 2, 3 and 4 were deduced by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, while those of 1 and 5 were assigned from vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data. Compound 4 weakly inhibited acetylcholinesterase, whereas compound 1 inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Compounds 1, 3, 5 and 6 were tested against two carcinoma cell lines (MCF-7 and HCT-116), but showed no significant citotoxicity at tested concentrations (IC50 > 50 µM).
Insoluble solids at high concentrations repress yeast’s response against stress and increase intracellular ROS levels
Authors: Moreno Antonio D. , González-Fernández Cristina , Ballesteros Mercedes , Tomás-Pejó Elia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLignocellulosic ethanol production requires high substrate concentrations for its cost-competitiveness. This implies the presence of high concentrations of insoluble solids (IS) at the initial stages of the process, which may limit the fermentation performance of the corresponding microorganism. The presence of 40–60% IS (w/w) resulted in lower glucose consumption rates and reduced ethanol volumetric productivities of Saccharomyces cerevisiae F12. Yeast cells exposed to IS exhibited a wrinkled cell surface and a reduced mean cell size due to cavity formation. In addition, the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased up to 40%. These ROS levels increased up to 70% when both lignocellulose-derived inhibitors and IS were simultaneously present. The general stress response mechanisms (e.g. DDR2, TPS1 or ZWF1 genes, trehalose and glycogen biosynthesis, and DNA repair mechanisms) were found repressed, and ROS formation could not be counteracted by the induction of the genes involved in repairing the oxidative damage such as glutathione, thioredoxin and methionine scavenging systems (e.g. CTA1, GRX4, MXR1, and TSA1; and the repression of cell cycle progression, CLN3). Overall, these results clearly show the role of IS as an important microbial stress factor that affect yeast cells at physical, physiological, and molecular levels.
MitCHAP-60 and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPG-13 Arise from an Inactive hsp60 Chaperonin that Fails to Fold the ATP Synthase β-Subunit
Authors: Wang Jinliang , Enriquez Adrian S. , Li Jihui , Rodriguez Alejandro , Holguin Bianka , Von Salzen Daniel , Bhatt Jay M. , Bernal Ricardo A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe human mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) is a tetradecameric chaperonin that folds proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. An hsp60 D3G mutation leads to MitCHAP-60, an early onset neurodegenerative disease while hsp60 V72I has been linked to SPG13, a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Previous studies have suggested that these mutations impair the protein folding activity of hsp60 complexes but the detailed mechanism by which these mutations lead the neuromuscular diseases remains unknown. It is known, is that the β-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase co-immunoprecipitates with hsp60 indicating that the β-subunit is likely a substrate for the chaperonin. Therefore, we hypothesized that hsp60 mutations cause misfolding of proteins that are critical for aerobic respiration. Negative-stain electron microscopy and DLS results suggest that the D3G and V72I complexes fall apart when treated with ATP or ADP and are therefore unable to fold denatured substrates such as α-lactalbumin, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and the β-subunit of ATP synthase in in-vitro protein-folding assays. These data suggests that hsp60 plays a crucial role in folding important players in aerobic respiration such as the β-subunit of the ATP synthase. The hsp60 mutations D3G and V72I impair its ability to fold mitochondrial substrates leading to abnormal ATP synthesis and the development of the MitCHAP-60 and SPG13 neuromuscular degenerative disorders.
Cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation promotes changes in the intestinal microbiome in mice
Authors: Cabrera-Rubio Raul , Patterson Angela M. , Cotter Paul D. , Beraza Naiara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence point to the relevance of intestinal disfunction and changes in the microbiome composition during chronic liver disease. More specifically, recent studies have highlighted that cholestatic diseases associate with a reduction in the microbiome diversity in patients. Still, the dynamics of the changes in the microbiome composition observed, as well as their implication in contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease remain largely undefined. Hence, experimental mouse models resembling the human pathogenesis are crucial to move forward our understanding on the mechanisms underpinning cholestatic disease and to enable the development of effective therapeutics. Our results show that the bile duct ligation (BDL) experimental model of cholestasis leads to rapid and significant changes in the microbiome diversity, with more than 100 OTUs being significantly different in faecal samples obtained from WT mice at 3 days and 7 days after BDL when compared to control animals. Changes in the microbial composition in mice after BDL included the enrichment ofAkkermansia,Prevotella,Bacteroidesandunclassified Ruminococcaceaein parallel with a drastic reduction of the presence ofFaecalibacterium prausnitzii. In conclusion, our results support that bile duct ligation induces changes in the microbiome that partly resemble the gut microbial changes observed during human cholestatic disease.
Physical performance reflects cognitive function, fall risk, and quality of life in community-dwelling older people
Authors: Ikegami Shota , Takahashi Jun , Uehara Masashi , Tokida Ryosuke , Nishimura Hikaru , Sakai Ayaka , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis report searched for relationships between physical performance and other health indices through a detailed investigation of a randomly sampled cohort from a basic town resident registry. Residents between the age of 50 and 89 years were randomly sampled from the basic resident registry of a cooperating town for construction of a 415-participant cohort that minimized selection bias. Cognitive function measures, annual fall frequency, and SF-8 as an HRQOL measure were the outcomes of interest. The impact of physical function on outcomes was predicted using multivariate regression models with age and gender as covariates. Knee muscle strength, grip strength, one-leg standing time, and two-step test score had a significant impact on cognitive scores and SF-8 physical component summary scores. A shift of -1 standard deviation for grip strength, the stand-up test, and the two-step test increased fall risk by 39%, 23%, and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, diminished physical performance is related to serious problems in older individuals, specifically cognitive deterioration, increased fall risk, and inability to maintain HRQOL. These factors are independent of age and gender. Thus, the higher physical function can be maintained in older people, the better the other conditions appear to remain.
Extraction of Light Using Random Nanocone on Poly(vinyl-butyral) for Flexible OLEDs
Authors: Lee Dong Jun , Yoon In Seon , Park Cheol Hwee , Choi Junhee , Park Young Wook , Ju Byeong-Kwon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, we designed a smooth, highly flexible, mechanically robust poly(vinyl-butyral) (PVB)/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite transparent conducting electrode (TCE) integrated with a random nanocone (RNC) to enhance the light extraction of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The RNC was fabricated by reactive-ion etching (RIE) on AgNW embedded in PVB. As the etching time increased, the size of the RNC became larger. The sheet resistance and transmittance of PVB/AgNW with the RNC was 21.7 Ω/sq and ~87%, respectively. For the PVB/AgNW, the change in sheet resistance was only 2.6% when a 2,000-bend test was performed. The maximum external quantum efficiency was 28.3% when RNC 700 s was used as a green phosphorescent OLED. In addition, for current efficiency and power efficiency, RNC 700 s increased 1.4 times over RNC 0 s. RNC is free of viewing-angle-dependent color and brightness distortion. PVB/AgNW and RNC are practical ways to overcome the brittleness of conventional indium tin oxide and improve the efficiency of flexible OLEDs. Finally, this product is expected to be applied to various flexible optical devices.
Achieving circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection simultaneously using anisotropic coding metasurfaces
Authors: Jing Yao , Li Yongfeng , Zhang Jieqiu , Wang Jiafu , Feng Maochang , Qiu Tianshuo , Wang He , Han Yajuan , Ma Hua , Qu Shaobo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn anisotropic coding metasurface (CM) is proposed for achieving circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection. Different phase coding consequences were independently achieved for two orthogonal linear polarized (LP) waves. Thus by elaborately designing coding sequences of the metasurfaces, different functions can be achieved, respectively for waves polarized along two orthogonal directions. More importantly, for circularly polarized (CP) wave, anisotropic CM can achieve circular-to-linear polarization conversion and beam deflection simultaneously. As a proof, a 1-bit anisotropic CM with 0101…/0101… and 0000…/1111… coding sequences respectively for two orthogonal LP waves was designed. The simulation results indicated that the incident CP wave is deflected into two x-polarized waves in x-o-z plane and two y-polarized waves in y-o-z plane. Both the simulation and experimental results verify the circular-to-linear polarization conversion performance of the anisotropic coding metasurfaces. The proposed anisotropic coding metasurfaces have the potential for the applications of multifunctional devices.
Automated real-time monitoring of human pluripotent stem cell aggregation in stirred tank reactors
Authors: Schwedhelm Ivo , Zdzieblo Daniela , Appelt-Menzel Antje , Berger Constantin , Schmitz Tobias , Schuldt Bernhard , Franke Andre , Müller Franz-Josef , Pless Ole , Schwarz Thomas , Wiedemann Philipp , Walles Heike , Hansmann Jan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) at large scale becomes feasible with the aid of scalable suspension setups in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Innovative monitoring options and emerging automated process control strategies allow for the necessary highly defined culture conditions. Next to standard process characteristics such as oxygen consumption, pH, and metabolite turnover, a reproducible and steady formation of hiPSC aggregates is vital for process scalability. In this regard, we developed a hiPSC-specific suspension culture unit consisting of a fully monitored CSTR system integrated into a custom-designed and fully automated incubator. As a step towards cost-effective hiPSC suspension culture and to pave the way for flexibility at a large scale, we constructed and utilized tailored miniature CSTRs that are largely made from three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA) filament, which is a low-cost material used in fused deposition modelling. Further, the monitoring tool for hiPSC suspension cultures utilizes in situ microscopic imaging to visualize hiPSC aggregation in real-time to a statistically significant degree while omitting the need for time-intensive sampling. Suitability of our culture unit, especially concerning the developed hiPSC-specific CSTR system, was proven by demonstrating pluripotency of CSTR-cultured hiPSCs at RNA (including PluriTest) and protein level.
Chronische Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Schmid HP Eva C. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryDie Niere reguliert beispielsweise den Wasserhaushalt und sorgt für die Ausscheidung schädlicher Stoffe. Eine reduzierte Nierenfunktion verursacht entsprechende klinische Symptome von Müdigkeit bis Perikardentzündung. Man kann eine renale Funktionseinschränkung durch die sinkende glomeruläre Filtrationsrate (GFR) in 5 Stadien einteilen. Entsprechend der Retentionswerte definiert man 4 Stadien.