bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadequate supply and increasing demand for textiles and clothing: second‐hand trade at auctions as an alternative source of consumer goods in Sweden, 1830–1900
Authors: Lilja Kristina , Jonsson Pernilla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDrawing on a study of historical national accounts and statistics, this article shows that a growing supply of mass‐consumption textiles and clothing in Sweden during industrialization did not fully meet increasing demand. As a result, high demand for second‐hand items remained even at the turn of the twentieth century. Records from a local auction house from 1830 to 1900 show that, even in the 1880s, more affluent urban consumers were still active on the second‐hand market. Thereafter, they turned to the market for new goods, while potential demand from labourers and servants continued to be provided for by the second‐hand market. Mechanization meant that more items entered this market. It changed the range and quality of objects available, consequently affecting the attractiveness of second‐hand textiles and clothing. After the 1870s, falling and converging prices can be discerned, while more durable fabrics largely retained their value. We conclude that the consumer revolution (in a broader sense) had by this stage gained a foothold among ordinary Swedish urban households. The auction trade was part of a democratization of consumption. The general lesson is that understanding mass consumption requires research not only into second‐hand consumption, but also into different regional settings.
The use of phenylephrine in the treatment of nephrosplenic entrapment of the large colon in horses
Authors: Pye J. , Nieto J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryNephrosplenic entrapment is a commonly diagnosed cause of acute colic that may be corrected using surgical or non‐surgical methods and has a good prognosis for survival. Intravenous administration of phenylephrine at doses ranging from 20–60 μg/kg given over 5–15 min often followed by forced exercise, various rolling techniques under general anaesthesia, or a combination of therapies has been reported. Correction of the entrapment via exploratory celiotomy may be challenging in certain cases and is hampered by marked splenic enlargement. The case report by Loomes and Anderson (2019) in this issue described a novel method of reducing the size of the spleen by direct intra‐splenic injection of phenylephrine, in a case non‐responsive to intravenous phenylephrine administration, which facilitated surgical correction of the nephrosplenic entrapment.
Macroecological patterns and correlates of ant–tree interaction networks in Neotropical savannas
Authors: Dáttilo Wesley , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimSimilar to species richness, ecological interactions can vary across latitudinal and environmental gradients. Knowing the patterns and drivers of such variation could help us to better understand the role of species interactions in maintaining biodiversity. In this study, we analysed the macroecological patterns of the structure and interaction beta diversity of interaction networks involving trees and ants.LocationTwenty‐nine sites encompassing 20 degrees of latitude throughout the Neotropical savanna.Time period2010–2015.Major taxa studiedTrees and arboreal nesting ants.MethodsFor each site, we built an interaction network and calculated network size, interaction diversity (Shannon diversity of interactions), specialization, modularity, nestedness, and interaction dissimilarity (contribution of each network to the regional pool of possible interactions). We also determined how interaction beta diversity varied among all sampling sites. Net primary productivity (NPP), temperature and rainfall were evaluated as potential correlates of the observed changes in network descriptors and interaction beta diversity.ResultsWe found no latitudinal gradient in network specialization, nestedness or modularity. However, sites at higher latitudes had larger networks, higher interaction diversity and higher interaction dissimilarity, and this was correlated mainly with the latitudinal variation in NPP. Interaction rewiring generated by the reassembly of the interactions between the same species in different sites was the main contributor to the total interaction beta diversity. However, the level of interaction rewiring was independent of the geographical and environmental distance between sampling sites.Main conclusionsAnt–tree network structure remained relatively invariant across the latitudinal and environmental gradient possibly due to high interaction rewiring among the partners. Moreover, our findings show that more productive sites, located at higher latitudes, have high dissimilarity to the regional pool of possible interactions (i.e., strong interaction filtering), indicating that these sites significantly contribute to the maintenance of interaction biodiversity in Neotropical savannas.
The nutraceutical value of grain legumes: characterisation of bioactives and antinutritionals related to diabesity management
Authors: Bosi Sara , Bregola Valeria , Dinelli Giovanni , Trebbi Grazia , Truzzi Francesca , Marotti Ilaria 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBeyond the nutritional value, legumes and particularly common beans are found in several dietary supplements used to treat diabesity (diabetes and obesity). These products contain not only inhibitors of carbohydrate‐hydrolising enzymes (α‐amylase, α‐glucosidase), but also antinutritional factors that can cause adverse effects on human health. In the present research, twenty‐two accessions of grain legumes were screened for bioactive (α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibitors) and antinutritional (lectins, flatulence‐producing sugars, trypsin inhibitors) phytochemicals. Results showed that four accessions had high α‐amylase inhibiting activities (AI > 30%), and particularly the common bean ‘Great Northern’ resulted of interest for its high carbo‐blocker activity (AI = 42.6 ± 0.5%), absence of lectins, low amounts of flatulence‐producing oligosaccharides (2.5 ± 0.2 g/100 g DW) and low anti‐trypsin activity (22.5 ± 4.3 trypsin inhibiting unit/mg DW). The knowledge offered from this work provides leads to the ultimate goal of developing new, more effective and safer dietary supplements for diabesity management.
The effect of simulated digestion on the composition of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in lychee pulp of different cultivars
Authors: Su Dongxiao , Luo Mukang , Liu Hesheng , Qi Xiangyang , Zeng Qingzhu , He Shan , Fen Shilun , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2019

SummarySimulated gastric fluid (SGF) and intestinal fluid (SIF) digestion were used to evaluate the effects of digestion on the composition of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of the pulp of six lychee cultivars. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, procyanidin B2, epicatechin, A‐type procyanidin trimer, procyanidin A2, quercetin‐3‐rutinose‐7‐rhamnoside, rutin and isoquercitrin were quantified using HPLC‐DAD. Lychee pulp had high concentrations of procyanidin B2 (0.30~15.53 mg g−1), procyanidin A2 (0.29~0.52 mg g−1) and quercetin‐3‐rutinose‐7‐rhamnoside (0.16~0.45 mg g−1). SGF and SIF Digestion, which significantly decreased the concentration of procyanidin B2, epicatechin and quercetin‐3‐rutinose‐7‐rhamnoside. But observably increased the concentration of procyanidin A2. Compared with deionized water treatment (DW), the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of different lychee pulps significantly increased after SGF and SIF digestion. After SGF digestion, the ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of lychee pulps increased while the ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability (ABTS) had a slight decline. This shows that simulated digestion improves the bioactive component and antioxidant activity of different varieties of lychee pulp.
Occupational radiation exposure to the head is higher for scrub nurses than cardiologists during cardiac angiography
Authors: Wilson‐Stewart Kelly , Hartel Gunter , Fontanarosa Davide 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to compare the head dose of a cardiologist to scrub and scout nurses during cardiac angiography.DesignA correlational longitudinal quantitative design was used to examine the relationship between the variable of occupational dose to the medical operator when compared with the dose to the scrub and scout nurses.MethodsA quantitative analysis was performed on data collected during coronary angiograms (N = 612) for one cardiologist and 22 nurses performing either the scrub or scout role between May 2015 and February 2017. Analysis was based on log‐transformed dose levels and reported as geometric means and associated 95% confidence intervals.ResultsIt was found that scrub nurses received on average 41% more head dose than the cardiologist during diagnostic procedures and 52% higher doses during interventional cases.ConclusionNurses working in fluoroscopic cardiovascular procedures should be provided with appropriate training and protective equipment, notably lead skull caps, to minimize their occupational radiation exposure.ImpactThere is a notable lack of research evaluating the occupational head and eye exposure to nurses involved in fluoroscopic procedures. This study found that during diagnostic coronary angiograms, the scrub nurses received 41% more occupational head dose than the cardiologist and 52% higher head doses during interventional cases. Radial access resulted in higher doses to scrub nurses than femoral artery access. It is advisable that staff wear protective lead glasses and skull caps and use appropriately positioned ceiling mounted lead shields to minimize the risk of adverse effects of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation.
Secreted factors from cultured dental pulp stem cells promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons and ameliorated neural functions in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice
Authors: Miura‐Yura Emiri , Tsunekawa Shin , Naruse Keiko , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Motegi Mikio , Nakai‐Shimoda Hiromi , Asano Saeko , Kato Makoto , Yamada Yuichiro , Izumoto‐Akita Takako , Yamamoto Akihito , Himeno Tatsuhito , Kondo Masaki , Kato Yoshiro , Nakamura Jiro , Kamiya Hideki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionTransplantation of stem cells promotes axonal regeneration and angiogenesis in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we examined whether the secreted factors in conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED‐CM) had beneficial effects on diabetic polyneuropathy in mice.Materials and MethodsConditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth was collected 48 h after culturing in serum‐free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and separated into four fractions according to molecular weight. Dorsal root ganglion neurons from C57BL/6J mice were cultured with SHED‐CM or DMEM to evaluate the effect on neurite outgrowth. Streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were injected with 100 μL of SHED‐CM or DMEM into the unilateral hindlimb muscles twice a week over a period of 4 weeks. Peripheral nerve functions were evaluated by the plantar test, and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. Intraepidermal nerve fiber densities, capillary number‐to‐muscle fiber ratio, capillary blood flow and morphometry of sural nerves were also evaluated.ResultsConditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth significantly promoted neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons compared with DMEM. Among four fractions of SHED‐CM, the only fraction of <6 kDa promoted the neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. In addition, SHED‐CM significantly prevented decline in sensory nerve conduction velocities compared with DMEM in diabetic mice. Although SHED‐CM did not improve intraepidermal nerve fiber densities or morphometry of sural nerves, SHED‐CM ameliorated the capillary number‐to‐muscle fiber ratio and capillary blood flow.ConclusionsThese results suggested that SHED‐CM might have a therapeutic effect on diabetic polyneuropathy through promoting neurite outgrowth, and the increase in capillaries might contribute to the improvement of neural function.
Osmotic membrane distillation for retention of antioxidant potential in Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit juice concentrate
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Ladaniya Milind S. , Gurjar Manju , Mendke Sachin , Kumar Sunil 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConsumers desire for processed fruit juices which are of higher quality, nutritionally rich, and convenient to prepare and store. Membranes have found many applications throughout the food processing industry. The present study describes the potential use of osmotic distillation process for concentrating Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) juice for the first time and to study its impact on ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity assessed by ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and TPC assays. The flux and concentration factor was also determined to evaluate the performance of the OD process. The juice clarified by the ultrafiltration technique having a TSS of 9.0°Brix was concentrated up to 60.4°Brix. The ascorbic acid content (15.5 mg/100 mL) and antioxidant activity by ABTS (9.69 mmolL−1 Trolox), DPPH (2.77 mmolL−1 Trolox), FRAP (1.33 mmolL−1 Trolox), and TPC content (13 mg GAE L−1) was retained, thus suggesting the use of membrane technology for concentrating fruit juice providing an alternative to the traditionally employed thermal evaporation processes.Practical applicationsThis work offers an alternative to the thermal evaporation method for concentrating Nagpur mandarin juice with less energy consumption, low equipment cost, and less damage to the product and retention of antioxidant compounds, for example, ascorbic acid, which plays an important role in human health. The Nagpur mandarin juice was transformed to concentrate with the osmotic membrane distillation (OD) technique. The concentrate so produced is significantly potential to the food processing industry with retained nutritional qualities, and is suitable for many purposes due to its reduced weight and volume, less handling and storage costs and reduced in water activity with enhancement of product stability. Production of Nagpur mandarin juice concentrate also broadens its potential applications in food industry and its good quality renders it easily acceptable to consumers.
Moisture sorption isotherm and shelf‐life prediction of anticaking agent incorporated spray‐dried soursop (Annona muricata L.) powder
Authors: Chang Lee S. , Karim Roselina , Sabo Mohammed Abdulkarim , Chai Kong F. , Ghazali Hasanah M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) and shelf lives of soursop powders that had been incorporated with two commercial anticaking agents, calcium silicate (CS) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), and inserted into aluminum laminated polyethylene pouches under room (RT, 25 ± 1°C) and elevated (ET, 38 ± 1°C) temperature, maintained at 93 ± 1% RH, were investigated. The powder possessed a Type III Brunauer's classification isotherm curve. The monolayer moisture content (Mo) was 0.023 ± 0.001 g H2O/g ds. A combination of low mean relative percent deviation modulus, E (2.18–3.75%), small sum of square residual, SSR (1.03 × 10−5–8.51 × 10−6), and high coefficient of determination (R2 > .99) indicating the moisture sorption data was sufficiently good fit using GAB model. Powder without anticaking agent stored at ET has the shortest estimated shelf life (~86 days) while 1.0 g/100 g TCP stored at RT exhibited the longest shelf life (~316 days). This study demonstrated that the incorporation of anticaking agents is effective to maintain the quality of powder by extending the shelf life by lowering moisture adsorption. The acceptability of reconstituted soursop powder based on hedonic test showed the scores for all attributes were higher than six.Practical applicationsUp to date, limited information describes the preservative effect of anticaking agents throughout the storage period. Hence, this work provides an insight to look into detail of how the incorporation of anticaking agents improve or retain the quality of the dried powder especially the moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) behavior. To achieve this, enzymatic pre‐treated spray‐dried powder was incorporated with anticaking agent. MSI was carried out and the behavior was determined by fitting the data into Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) model. Prediction of shelf life was studied by considering the critical moisture content (X
c), which is the moisture content of powder that undergoes transition changed. The outcome of this work was expected to be beneficial to food powder industry to comprehend the protective effect of anticaking agents as a functional additive. Production of anticaking agent treated spray‐dried soursop powder was expected to broaden its potential applications as functional ingredient.
Recombinant human interleukin 17A enhances the anti‐Candida effect of human oral mucosal epithelial cells by inhibiting Candida albicans growth and inducing antimicrobial peptides secretion
Authors: Jiang Lanlan , Fang Meifei , Tao Renchuan , Yong Xiangzhi , Wu Tiantian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCandida albicans (C albicans) is the most common fungal pathogen causing opportunistic infections. IL17 (IL17A) is a vital mediator of antifungal immunity. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of recombinant human interleukin 17A (rhIL17A) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells (hOMECs) defending against C albicans infection.MethodsHuman oral mucosal epithelial cells were divided into four groups: C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1), rhIL17A+ (100 μg/L), rhIL17A + C albicans+ (MOI = 0.1, rhIL17A:100 μg/L) and blank control. Then, C albicans growth was observed after 24 hours. Human beta‐2 defensin (hBD‐2), S100A8 and LL‐37 in supernatants and their mRNAs in cells were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, respectively.ResultsIn C albicans+ group, C albicans hyphae formation and the death of infected hOMECs were observed. However, in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group, IL17 inhibited both hypha formation, and C albicans from infecting hOMECs and its further growth. There was no statistical significance in adhesion rates of C albicans to hOMECs. Compared with the control group, the level of hBD‐2 mRNA has increased, while hBD‐2 and hBD‐2 mRNA levels in the rhIL17A + C albicans+ group were the highest. Both hBD‐2 and hBD‐2 mRNA levels were higher in the rhIL17A+ group than in the C albicans+ group. S100A8 and LL‐37 mRNAs have similar trend, and both upregulated after treatment with rhIL17A; however, protein levels were undetectable.ConclusionRecombinant human interleukin 17A may inhibit C albicans from infecting hOMECs by affecting the growth and reproduction of C albicans as well as the formation of hyphae. Besides, rhIL17A might induce hBD‐2, S100A8 and LL‐37 secretion from hOMECs to strengthen their anti‐infective ability.
Effect of Surface Treatment and Cement on Fracture Load of Traditional Zirconia (3Y), Translucent Zirconia (5Y), and Lithium Disilicate Crowns
Authors: Lawson Nathaniel C. , Jurado Carlos A. , Huang Chan‐Te , Morris Geoffrey P. , Burgess John O. , Liu Perng‐Ru , Kinderknecht Keith E. , Lin Chee Paul , Givan Daniel A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine if surface treatment and cement selection for traditional 3 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (3Y‐PSZ), “translucent” 5 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia (5Y‐Z), or lithium disilicate crowns affected their fracture load.Materials and MethodsCrowns with 0.8 mm uniform thickness (96, n = 8/group) were milled of 3Y‐PSZ (Lava Plus), 5Y‐Z (Lava Esthetic), or lithium disilicate (e.max CAD) and sintered/crystallized. Half the crowns were either particle‐abraded with 30 µm alumina (zirconias) or etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid (lithium disilicate), and the other half received no surface treatment. Half the crowns from each group were luted with resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGI, RelyX Luting Plus) and half were luted with a resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2) to resin composite dies. Crowns were load cycled (100,000 cycles, 100 N force, 24°C water) and then loaded with a steel indenter until failure. A three‐way ANOVA examined the effects of material, cement, and surface treatment on fracture load. Post‐hoc comparisons were performed with the Tukey‐Krammer method.ResultsFracture load was signficiantly different for materials and cements (p < 0.0001) but not surface treatments (p = 0.77). All lithium disilicate crowns luted with RMGI failed in fatigue loading cycling; 3Y‐PSZ and 5Y‐Z crowns luted with resin showed a higher fracture load compared with RMGI (p < 0.001). With resin cement, there was no signficant difference in fracture load between 5Y‐Z and lithium disiliciate (p = 1) whereas 3Y‐PSZ had a higher fracture load (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsCement type affected fracture load of crowns but surface treatment did not. The 0.8 mm uniform thick crowns tested benefited from using resin cement regardless of type of ceramic material. Crowns fabricated from 5Y‐Z may be particle‐abraded if luted with resin cement.
Imperforate hymen: Retrospective review from a single tertiary centre of presenting symptoms and diagnostic process
Authors: Lazanyi Mikhaila , Grover Sonia R 
Published: May 2019

AimTo review presentations, diagnostic processes and time to diagnosis of presentations of imperforate hymen at one tertiary paediatric hospital over a 10‐year period. The aim was to improve knowledge, enable targeted education and reduce unnecessary tests and diagnostic delay for this congenital obstructive disorder of the female reproductive tract.MethodsA pragmatic, retrospective, observational study was conducted of all female patients, aged younger than or equal to 18 years of age, presenting to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, over an 18‐year period. Presenting symptom(s), time to diagnosis, investigations ordered and number of health‐care professionals consulted prior to diagnosis were recorded.ResultsA total of 27 patients met eligibility criteria, and 85% presented with pain (23/27). Pain was frequently associated with other symptoms (15/23). Over three quarters of patients consulted more than one health‐care professional prior to diagnosis (22/27). Of the 27 patients, 19 had imaging undertaken prior to diagnosis.ConclusionsPaediatric and adolescent females managed at our tertiary paediatric hospital are experiencing diagnostic uncertainty and the unnecessary ordering of imaging prior to a diagnosis of imperforate hymen. Targeted education is recommended to health professionals managing female paediatric and adolescent patients.