bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older adult and caregiver needs for patient‐centered outcomes research training in medication optimization
Authors: Brandt Nicole , Lee Merton , Wang Sabrina , Genuit Andrew , Isetts Brian , Cooke Catherine E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundImproved health outcomes and lower costs have been reported with pharmacist‐led patient‐centered approaches to medication optimization in older adults, but heterogeneity in studies has complicated assessments of how well these approaches have worked. Among the challenges in advancing care from patient‐centered research is uncertainty in how well research questions have matched patients' care needs. One strategy is to engage patients, ideally as equal partners, in the preparation, execution, and dissemination of research. The objective of this study was to survey older adults, caregivers, researchers, and pharmacists to better understand the needs for training on patient‐centered outcomes research (PCOR) focusing on medication optimization in older adults.MethodsA 12‐member Community Council was formed to guide the project and to build capacity for engaging older adults, caregivers, researchers, and pharmacists in medication‐related patient‐centered outcomes research. The Community Council consisted of individuals from three regions: Hawaii, Midwest, and Mid‐Atlantic. The Council created a needs assessment survey that was deployed electronically.ResultsThere were 93 Elder Care Network participants who were asked to complete the needs assessment survey and 74 surveys were received resulting in a response rate of 80% but only 68 were completed and included in the analysis. Explaining what PCOR is, sharing examples of how members of the community can participate in research, discussing how community members can work with research teams to answer questions, and helping respondents understand how research can affect them were the top responses.ConclusionsWork of the Elder Care Medicine Network illustrates the importance of understanding the ongoing needs for education that are customized to meet the needs and preferences reported by older adults, caregivers, compared to clinicians and researchers.
Association between visual impairment and recurrent hospitalizations in older US adults
Authors: Nagarajan Niranjani , Leziak Karolina , Zhou Yunshu , Mumby Rachel , Hu Mengyao , Ferrante Lauren E. , De Lott Lindsey B. , Rein David B. , Ehrlich Joshua R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundVisual impairment (VI) is common in older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes. However, the association between objectively assessed VI and recurrent hospitalization remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of different domains of visual function with recurrent hospitalization in older adults in the United States.MethodsWe used data from Round 11 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative survey of Medicare beneficiaries, which included objective measures of distance and near visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we analyzed the association between VI (distance and near acuity <20/40, contrast sensitivity <1 SD below the sample mean) and prior year hospitalization and estimated marginal predicted probabilities of any (≥1) and recurrent (>1) hospitalization. Models were adjusted for demographic factors and comorbid medical conditions and accounted for NHATS complex survey design.ResultsThe sample included 2960 respondents aged 71 and older (median age 81 years; 45% male, 82% non‐Hispanic White). The predicted probability of hospitalization for those with any type of VI was 19.2% (15.9–22.6) versus 16.7% (14.9–18.6) for those without VI. The predicted probability of recurrent hospitalization for those with any type of VI was 7.2% (4.8–9.7) versus 4.1% (3.1–5.2) for those without VI. Near VI was significantly associated with recurrent hospitalization (OR = 2.04 [1.6, 3.61], p = 0.02), independent of other visual function measures, while other types of VI were not.ConclusionNear VI is significantly associated with recurrent hospitalization in older US adults. Future studies should determine whether improving near vision affects the likelihood of recurrent hospitalization.
Incidence and Associated Factors of Postoperative Delirium in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Yating , Li Chengyang , Mu Yan , Wu Tingting , Lin Xiuxia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDelirium is one of the most common and serious complications after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A comprehensive assessment of independent risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) is essential for early detection and prevention.Aims and ObjectivesTo investigate the incidence and independent associated factors of POD in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.DesignProspective cohort design.MethodsA total of 203 patients were enrolled in this study from October 2022 to December 2023 in China. Richmond agitation and sedation scale (RASS) and confusion assessment method‐intensive care unit (CAM‐ICU) were used for assessing delirium symptom. This study analysed various factors for POD, including demographic, physical, psychological, social, spiritual and environmental aspects. Using logistic regression analysis to identify the independent associated factors.ResultsA totla of 60.1% (n = 122) of patients had POD. Of these cases, 86 (70.5%) were hypoactive delirium, 4 (3.3%) were hyperactive delirium and 32 (26.2%) were mixed delirium. Advanced age (OR = 1.069, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.031–1.107; p < 0.001), preoperative depression (OR = 1.847, 95% CI: 1.246–2.736; p = 0.002), postoperative albumin level (OR = 0.921, 95% CI: 0.851–0.997; p = 0.042) and duration of mechanical ventilation (OR > 1.000, 95% CI: 1.000–1.001; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of POD.ConclusionsThe incidence of POD in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB was high. This study identified advanced age, preoperative depression, postoperative albumin level and duration of mechanical ventilation as significant and independent predictors of POD.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study's findings highlight the urgent necessity for improved clinical vigilance and proactive management strategies.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Longitudinal trajectories of sleep inertia among intern nurses with shift work in China: Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Ma Zijuan , Wang Dongfang , Yu Zhijun , Zhang Xiangting , Wu Wenxuan , Zhao Shaochen , Li Yang , Li Yuanyuan , Fan Yunge , Fan Fang 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThere is a growing consensus regarding the significant individual differences in responses to sleep inertia. However, little is known about the longitudinal trajectories of sleep inertia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence rates of sleep inertia, longitudinal trajectories, influencing factors and outcomes among intern nurses with shift work. A total of 1079 intern nurses with shift work completed online surveys at 2 weeks (T1) and 16 weeks (T2) after their clinical internship, respectively. The demographics and willingness to continue working as nurses, circadian type, sleep problems and emotional problems were measured. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to examine predictors for the distinct longitudinal trajectory of sleep inertia, and binary logistic regressions were used to examine the predictive effects of trajectory memberships of sleep inertia on mental health problems (daytime sleepiness, anxiety, depression) at follow‐up. Overall, the incidence rates of severe sleep inertia increased significantly from 20.4% at T1 to 25.3% at T2 among intern nurses with shift work. All participants were classified into four trajectory memberships. Multiple factors were significant predictors of distinct trajectories of sleep inertia. Additionally, individuals with deteriorated and persistent‐high sleep inertia were more likely to develop mental health problems at the subsequent point. Sleep inertia is prevalent among intern nurses with shift work, and its distinct change patterns were associated with multiple risk factors and various adverse outcomes. Therefore, these factors should be considered when designing individualized and appropriate interventions for sleep inertia among medical staff.
A K‐Net‐based deep learning framework for automatic rock quality designation estimation
Authors: Yu Sihao , Wong Louis Ngai Yuen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRock quality designation (RQD) plays a crucial role in the design and analysis of rock engineering. The traditional method of measuring RQD relies on manual logging by geologists, which is often labor‐intensive and time‐consuming. Thus, this study presents an autonomous framework for expeditious RQD estimation based on two‐dimensional corebox photographs. The scale‐invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm is employed for rapid image calibration. A K‐Net‐based model with dynamic semantic kernels, conditional on their actual activations, is proposed for rock core segmentation. It surpasses other prevalent models with a mean intersection over union of 95.43%. The automatic RQD estimation error of our proposed framework is only 1.46% compared to manual logging results, demonstrating its exceptional reliability and effectiveness. The robustness of the framework is then validated on an additional test set, proving its potential for widespread adoption in geotechnical engineering practice.
520 nm and 660 nm light‐emitting diodes modulates pancreatic development and beta cell functions in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Üstündağ Ünsal Veli , Ünal İsmail , Cansız Derya , Beler Merih , Kanagaraj Naveen Krishna , Kumar Amrish Rajendra , Peravali Ravindra , Emekli‐Alturfan Ebru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen and Red LEDs increase insulin production, but their comparative effects on pancreatic and beta cell development are unclear. Zebrafish embryos were divided into three groups: Control (n = 60), Green (G) (n = 60), and Red (R) (n = 60), then irradiated for three days (14 hours/day) with 0.5 W/cm2 G (λpeak = 520 nm, 180 mA) and R (λpeak = 660 nm, 210 mA). At the end of 72 h, pancreatic and beta cells, circadian rhythm, and oxidative stress gene were analyzed using RT‐PCR. Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels were also evaluated. In the Red group, pancreatic area increased by ~97.13% compared to the Control group and by approximately ~62.16% compared to the G group (both p < 0.0001), and no significant difference in beta cell area (p = 0.964). G group insulin expression increased 2.31‐fold compared to R group (p < 0.0001). Red LED treatment increased MDA levels (p < 0.001), oxidative stress (fth1b, nqo1) (p < 0.0001), and per1b during the photophase (p < 0.0001) compared to G group. R LED treatment increases oxidative stress and disrupts circadian rhythm, leading to reduced insulin secretion. The positive effects of G LED treatment have potential for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and pancreatic diseases.
When culture becomes relevant in intercultural lingua franca communication
Authors: Stadler Stefanie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLiterature has argued that (a) culture makes intercultural communication more prone to miscommunication and that (b) culture is a non‐issue in intercultural communication. The former has been linked to differences in cultural norms and communicative practices, while the latter has been attributed to the existence of cultural differences even in intracultural communication. While it is true that culture is not always a relevant factor in intercultural communication, it is also true that culture can cause a rift between interactants. In this paper, I explore when culture becomes a relevant factor in intercultural lingua franca communication and under what circumstances interactants make reference to cultural differences. Drawing on data from a wide variety of intercultural encounters observed in informal interactions collected across East Asia and South‐East Asia, this paper examines the relevance of culture in intercultural communication and looks at how interactants construe their identity as situated in their respective cultural backgrounds.
Finite Element Analysis of Layered Hollow Tapered Roller Bearings: Identifying Optimal Hollowness for Stress Reduction
Authors: Joshi Rajesh , Bassan Gurmitsingh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tapered roller bearings with hollow rollers offer improved roller stiffness, enhanced speeds, and lower running temperatures due to better lubrication. Designing precise tapered roller bearings with hollow rollers is crucial. This study introduces a novel design of a layered hollow roller element aimed at minimizing contact pressure and stresses within the bearing, using a finite element analysis approach. The study successfully employs elastic finite element analysis to determine the optimal hollowness level for the proposed design. The investigation covers hollowness levels from 30% to 80% for the rollers. The minimum contact pressure and von Mises stress were found to be 492.63 and 710.63 N/mm2, respectively. Results indicate that the optimal hollowness, yielding minimum stresses and contact pressure, is at 36%. These design modifications have potential applications in manufacturing industries where bearings are extensively used.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and the liver: balancing therapeutic benefit and adverse events
Authors: De Martin Eleonora , Fulgenzi Claudia A M , Celsa Ciro , Laurent-Bellue Astrid , Torkpour Aria , Lombardi Pasquale , D’Alessio Antonio , Pinato David J 
Published: December 2024

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have led to breakthrough improvements in the management of malignancy including hepatocellular (HCC) and biliary tract cancer, improving decades-old standards of care and increasing patient survival. In both liver tumour types, which commonly arise in the context of liver inflammation and underlying functional impairment, the lack of validated predictors of response underscores the need to balance predicted gains in survival with risk of treatment-related hepatoxicity and decompensation of underlying chronic liver disease.In addition, the liver is implicated in the toxicity associated with ICI therapy for non-liver cancers, which exhibits a high degree of variability in presentation and severity. An accurate assessment is mandatory for the diagnosis and management of ICI-induced liver injury.In this Recent Advances article, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of efficacy and toxicity of anticancer immunotherapy in liver tumours and liver toxicity in extrahepatic malignancies.We compare and contrast characteristics, management strategies and outcomes from immune-related liver injury in patients with chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis or with an underlying healthy liver and discuss the latest findings on how toxicity and decompensation may impact the outlook of patients with liver tumours and extrahepatic malignancies offering insights into the future directions of clinical research and practice in the field.
Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
Authors: Kang Jeonggyu , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Choi Kang‐Un , Choi Hyo‐In , Sung Ki‐Chul 
Published: December 2024

Background
Recent studies have suggested that increased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a risk factor for diabetes. Exploring its relationship with insulin resistance is of interest, necessitating further studies across different sexes and age groups.

Methods and Results

This cohort study involved 119 170 Korean adults with an average age of 39.8 years, none of whom had diabetes at baseline. As part of a health screening, baPWV measurements were taken. Over a median follow‐up period of 5.6 years, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, and questionnaire responses were collected. The risk of developing diabetes was evaluated using a flexible parametric proportional hazards model with data stratified by sex and age group (<40 versus ≥40 years). During the follow‐up period, diabetes was diagnosed in 5966 participants (5.0%). A fully adjusted model found that the hazard ratios for diabetes onset associated with baPWV quartiles Q2 (1171.0–1270.5 cm/s), Q3 (1271.0–1376.0 cm/s), and Q4 (≥1376.5 cm/s) compared with Q1 (<1171.0 cm/s) were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.17), 1.25 (1.14–1.38), and 1.48 (1.34–1.62), respectively (
P
for trend <0.001). A significant sex‐based interaction was noted in this association, with women showing a higher risk of diabetes development. Furthermore, higher baPWV quartiles were associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, defined as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of arterial stiffness, as measured by elevated baPWV, in the development of diabetes and insulin resistance. Notably, this study highlighted a strong association, particularly among women.
The Equal Interests of Injured and Non-Injured States for Communitarian Norms
Authors: Edwards Julian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The International Court of Justice has remained reluctant to define the boundaries of obligations erga omnes and erga omnes partes – referred to conjointly by James Crawford as “communitarian norms”. However, with novel proceedings in South Africa v. Israel and Nicaragua v. Germany brought this year, the Court’s clarity has never been more important. The idiosyncratic feature of communitarian norms is that a State need not be an “injured State” to invoke the breaching State’s responsibility. Yet it is often the case that there is an “injured State” that suffers a direct or special injury for breaches of communitarian norms, in addition to other members of the international community, which also have an interest in ensuring compliance with the obligation in question. In The Gambia v. Myanmar, Judge ad hoc Kreß raised whether the “injured State” would be entitled to dispose of this wider common interest; however, such an entitlement would have profound legal and practical ramifications. It would not only threaten the legal interests held by the collective of States to ensure accountability, but also may force victims to suffer at the hands of recalcitrance, without any remedy. This article advances the contention that all States which are the beneficiaries of the communitarian norm – irrespective of whether or not they are “injured” – have and retain an equal legal interest to invoke responsibility and ensure accountability.
A New Fish in the Sea? The Collocation of the New NATO Mission Appeals Tribunal among International Administrative Tribunals
Authors: Bonito Federico 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Mission Appeals Tribunal, established in 2022, is a new international administrative tribunal designed to provide judicial relief for NATO-led mission personnel challenging administrative decisions affecting their service conditions. However, the peculiarities of its founding instrument and the military context in which it operates raise questions about its precise classification as an international administrative tribunal. This article will shed light on the reasons for establishing this Tribunal, its constitutive process, and the most relevant rules governing its procedure in order to determine how it compares to its counterparts already established in other international organizations. It concludes that, despite this sui generis context, the MAT is a full-fledged international administrative tribunal capable of fostering a level of protection no less intense than that provided by other fora operating in different organizations.
Thailand
Authors: Jayangakula Kitti 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Korea has made significant contributions to international law in various areas, in particular, human rights law. Recently, Korea has evolved significantly over the years, reflecting its growing influence and active engagement on the global stage. Its judiciary has made notable contributions to international law, particularly through landmark rulings on sensitive historical issues in the cases of ‘comfort women’ against Japan. The involvement of South Korea’s judiciary in these cases underscore the judiciary’s role in addressing historical injustices and the effectiveness of this judicial stance navigated the complex interplay between national justice and international diplomacy.
Dietary inclusion of black soldier fly, cricket and superworm in rainbow trout aquaculture: impacts on growth and nutrient profiles
Authors: Drosdowech S. , Chiasson M. , Ma D.W.L. , Huyben D. , Rooney N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inclusion of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds is unsustainable, prompting the need for alternative protein and lipid sources. This study evaluates the impact of diets incorporating defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), adult cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) and superworm (Zophobas morio) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient retention efficiency, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile trout (100.5 ± 0.6 g; mean ± SD) were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 20% fishmeal, and three experimental diets containing a total of 15% defatted black soldier fly meal, full-fat adult cricket meal, or full-fat superworm meal, with partial replacement of fishmeal and fish oil. Growth performance and body indices were unaffected by dietary treatments. Whole carcass content and retention efficiency of protein were higher in fish fed the control and superworm diets compared to those on cricket and black soldier fly diets. Despite reduced retention efficiency of leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and serine, carcass amino acid contents were not affected by dietary treatment. Fatty acid retention efficiency was greater in fish on the black soldier fly diet, though overall lipid content was consistent across diets. Notably, lauric acid and myristic acid levels were elevated in the black soldier fly group, while linoleic acid was higher in fish fed the superworm and cricket diets. Phosphorus retention improved significantly with the black soldier fly treatment, yet nitrogen retention was reduced. These findings suggest that insect meals can partially replace fishmeal and fish oil in trout diets without compromising growth or fatty acid composition.