bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Analytical Solution for Preferential Infiltration and Wetting
Authors: Stewart Ryan D. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
New model simulates relative infiltration and wetting depth due to preferential flow.
Solution normalizes parameters to account for soil properties and initial conditions.
Preferential flow estimations match closely with dual‐permeability HYDRUS‐1D results.
Preferential flow wetting depths decrease as volume of macropore domains increase.
Model provides new insight into preferential flow dynamics during rainfall events.
Macropores induce preferential flow in many soils, creating the need for parsimonious solutions to describe nonequilibrium infiltration and wetting processes. This study applied the Green–Ampt infiltration model within a dual‐domain framework to distinguish water movement through the soil matrix vs. through macropores. Using a nondimensional parameter set to generalize the results, the developed equations enabled estimates of infiltration and depth of wetting due to preferential flow during constant‐intensity rain. The analysis revealed that infiltration partitioning varies with time, with flow regimes changing at time of ponding of the matrix and again at time of ponding in the macropores. The results also showed that the fraction of infiltration due to preferential flow increases as a function of rainfall and relative volume of the macropore domain. Conversely, macropore volume has an inverse relationship with wetting depth: all other factors being equal, infiltration due to preferential flow becomes proportionally greater than matrix infiltration as macropore volume decreases. Finally, the proposed infiltration and wetting equations were compared with numerical simulations of the Richards equation for dual‐permeability soils. The analytical solutions closely approximated the numerical results, with root mean square deviation values ≤0.15 and simulated wetting depths within 35% of one another, even as modeled times to ponding varied by 5 to 80%. Altogether, the theoretical framework developed in this study provides new insight into preferential flow dynamics during rainfall events.
Probabilistic Inversion of Multiconfiguration Electromagnetic Induction Data Using Dimensionality Reduction Technique: A Numerical Study
Authors: Moghadas Davood 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
DCT‐based inversion of EMI data successfully recovers subsurface conductivity images.
Training image‐based parameterization ensures accurate subsurface characterization.
Using ECa data pseudosection as a training image provides an adequate prior.
Low‐frequency loop–loop electromagnetic induction (EMI) offers several key advantages over many other geophysical techniques for proximal soil sensing. Yet, because of problems with the inversion of measured apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) data, application of EMI for geophysical imaging and interpretation is limited. In this study, a Bayesian inference was used to obtain electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCIs) from multiconfiguration ECa data. This approach allows analysis of highly nonlinear problems and renders an ensemble of models obtained from the posterior distribution that can be used to explore parameter uncertainty. In this respect, generalized formal likelihood function was used to more accurately describe the sensitivity of the posterior distribution to residual assumptions. Discrete cosine transform (DCT) was employed as a model compression technique to reduce the number of unknown parameters in the inversion. The DCT parameterization was performed using training image (TI)‐based geostatistical simulations considering the ECa data pseudosection as a TI. The potential of the proposed approach was examined through different theoretical scenarios. The estimated subsurface EMCI shows excellent agreement with the original synthetic models subject to the appropriate choice of prior information. Moreover, DCT parameterization reduces the number of unknown parameters, increasing accuracy of the inversion with the Bayesian procedure. The proposed approach ensures accurate and high‐resolution characterization of subsurface conductivity layering from measured ECa values.
Combination of Memantine and 6-Chlorotacrine as Novel Multi-Target Compound against Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kaniakova Martina , Nepovimova Eugenie , Kleteckova Lenka , Skrenkova Kristyna , Holubova Kristina , Chrienova Zofia , Hepnarova Vendula , Kucera Tomas , Kobrlova Tereza , Vales Karel , Korabecny Jan , Soukup Ondrej , Horak Martin 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It is characterized
as a multi-factorial disorder with a prevalent genetic component. Due to the unknown etiology, current treatment
based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and N–methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) antagonist is
effective only temporary. It seems that curative treatment will necessarily be complex due to the multifactorial nature
of the disease. In this context, the so-called “multi-targeting" approach has been established.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to develop a multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) combining the support for
the cholinergic system by inhibition of AChE and at the same time ameliorating the burden caused by glutamate excitotoxicity
mediated by the NMDAR receptors.

Methods:
We have applied common approaches of organic chemistry to prepare a hybrid of 6-chlorotacrine and memantine.
Then, we investigated its blocking ability towards AChE and NMDRS in vitro, as well as its neuroprotective
efficacy in vivo in the model of NMDA-induced lessions. We also studied cytotoxic potential of the compound and
predicted the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Results:
novel molecule formed by combination of 6-chlorotacrine and memantine proved to be a promising multipotent
hybrid capable of blocking the action of AChE as well as NMDARs. The presented hybrid surpassed the
AChE inhibitory activity of the parent compound 6-Cl-THA twofold. According to results it has been revealed that
our novel hybrid blocks NMDARs in the same manner as memantine, potently inhibits AChE and is predicted to
cross the blood-brain barrier via passive diffusion. Finally, the MTDL design strategy was indicated by in vivo results
which showed that the novel 6-Cl-THA-memantine hybrid displayed a quantitatively better neuroprotective effect
than the parent compound memantine.

Conclusion:
We conclude that the combination of two pharmacophores with a synergistic mechanism of action into a
single molecule offers great potential for the treatment of CNS disorders associated with cognitive decline and/or
excitotoxicity mediated by NMDARs.
Synthesis of New Galanthamine-Peptide Derivatives Designed for Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Vezenkov Lyubomir T. , Tsekova Daniela S. , Kostadinova Ivanka , Mihaylova Rositsa , Vassilev Nikolay G. , Danchev Nikolai D. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Although no effective treatment for the Alzheimer’s disease currently exist,
some drugs acting as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, like galanthamine have positively affected such
patients. β- and/or γ-secretase inhibitors are another type of potential drugs. Here we report synthesis of
new peptide-galanthamine derivatives, with expected inhibitory activity against both Acetylcholinesterase
and β-secretase.

The aim of this work is obtaining new peptide derivatives of galanthamine with decreased

Objectives: toxicity compared to galanthamine.

Methods:

Syntheses were conducted in solution using fragment condensation approach. The new derivatives
were characterized by melting points, angle of optical rotation, NMR and Mass spectra. Acute toxicity
was determined on mice, according to a Standard protocol. All new compounds were tested in vitro
for cytotoxic activity in a panel of human (HEP-G2, BV-173) and murine (Neuro-2a) tumor cell lines
via a standard MTT-based colorimetric method.

Results:

New derivatives of galanthamine containing shortened analogues of β-secretase inhibitor (Boc-
Asn-Leu-Ala-Val-OH) and either nicotinic or isonicotinic residue, both connected with a linker (L-Asp)
to position 11 of galanthamine were obtained. In vivo toxicity of some new compounds was found up to
1000 mg/kg. Cell toxicity screening against the tumor cell lines showed negligible growth-inhibiting
properties of the galanthamine derivatives.

Conclusion:

Synthesis of new galanthamine derivatives comprising peptide moiety and nicotinic acid or
isonicotinic acid is reported. Acute toxicity studies reveal they are about 100 times less toxic than galanthamine.
This effect is due to the peptide fragment. Cytotoxicity studies show good correlation with
low toxicity results. These results are encouraging for the application of this class compounds as medicines.</P>
Conformational Mobility Study in Mono Quinone Derivative of Calix[4]arene by Low Temperature NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Hassibi Elham , Ganjali Saeed Taghvaei , Hashemi Mohamad Mahmoodi , Zadmard Reza , Dehaghi Shahram Moradi 
Published: February 2019

:Calix[4]monoquinone (3) has been synthesized by oxidation of rigid cone conformation of tripropoxy calix[4]arene (2), and conformational characteristics of this molecule have been studied by means of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) and HH- correlated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HH-COSY NMR). On the basis of the data that have been obtained, free Gibbs energy of activation (ΔG#) for quinone ring interconversion process of 3 was determined 12.3±0.05 Kcal/mol by coalescence approximation method.
Dysregulated Interleukin -33/ST2 Pathway Perpetuates Chronic Inflammation in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Wang Xuan , Shao Xiaoqing , Liu Xinhao , Qin Qiu , Xu Jian , Zhang Jin A. 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by
chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland with unknown etiologies. Recently, interleukin-33/ST2 (IL-
33/ST2) pathway reveals its participation in the process of several autoimmune diseases. In this study,
the role of IL-33/ST2 pathway in the development of HT is investigated.

Methods:
The levels of plasma IL-33, sST2 and the frequency of circulating CD4+ST2L+T cells in 30
HT patients and 20 healthy controls were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
and flow cytometry respectively. The mRNA expressions of related molecules in IL-33/ST2 pathway
in thyroid tissues (12 HT patients and 10 controls) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RTqPCR).
The protein expressions of IL-33 and ST2 were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry
staining.

Results:
The mRNA expressions of plasma IL-33 and sST2 were elevated in HT patients, with an increased
ratio of IL-33/sST2. The number of CD4+ST2L+ T cells in PBMCs of HT group was significantly
increased when compared to the control group (CON) by Flow cytometry assay. MRNA Expression
of IL-33 and ST2 in thyroid tissue and the level of IL-1β and IL-18 were significantly upregulated
in HT patients, while IL-5 was down-regulated in HT patients, compared to CON. The expression
of IL-1β and IL-18 were positively correlated with the expression of IL-33. Results of western
blot and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with qPCR.

Conclusion:
IL-33/ST2 pathway participates in HT via affecting the production of inflammatory cytokines.
Effect of Human Platelet Lysate in Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Vennila Rosy , Sundaram Raja Sundari M. , Selvaraj Sakthivel , Srinivasan Prasanna , Pathak Surajit , Rupert Secunda , Rajagopal Surendran 
Published: February 2019

Background:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly preferred in clinical therapy for repair and regeneration of diseased tissues for their multipotent properties. Conventionally, MSCs have been cultured in media supplemented with animal derived serum, however, it is ideal to expand MSCs in media containing supplements of human origin for clinical therapy. Currently, a number of human derived products are being studied as an alternative to animal sources. Amongst these, platelet lysate (PL) has gained interest in the culture of MSCs without affecting their phenotypic property.Objective:In this study, we used various concentration of PL (2.5, 5, 7.5 & 10%) in the growth medium of MSCs to identify the least concentration of PL that could be an effective alternative to animal products.Methods:MSCs were isolated from Wharton’s Jelly by using explant method and expanded in various concentration of PL supplemented medium against the standard FBS containing medium. WJ-MSCs were characterised as per the minimal criteria proposed by International Society for Cell therapy (ISCT), Proliferation study by BrdU assay, gene expression study by qRT-PCR, sterility test for bacteria, Mycoplasma by PCR and endotoxin detection by LAL assay.Results:Whartons jelly derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) cultured using standard medium supplemented with various concentration of PL exhibited enhanced proliferation and differentiation potential, unaltered immunophenotypic property and genetic stability when compared with the commercial medium containing 10% FBS.Conclusion:The least concentration of PL for an ideal expansion of MSCs was found to be 2.5% and was comparable to FBS.
From Teaching of Sundanese’s Teenager Speaking Ability In Batam: Spoken Discourse Analysis
Authors: Silitonga Frangky , Astuti Lilis Puji 
Published: February 2019

The local language is a language that used as a characteristic of the tribe or certain people and spoken in a region within a nation. It is used as a communications tool in everyday life of the tribes who lived either on a small area, province or a wider area. The existence of local language is closely related to the existence of tribes and culture which is generated from one generation to another. Sundanese language is one of the thousands of languages that exist in Indonesia, which is become the main supporting elements of the traditions and customs of the Sundanese tribe itself. Sundanese language speaking ability is one of the important aspects in terms of preservation of Sundanese culture. By using Sundanese language in daily conversation in the family, by then it is rooted in the way of life and habits of children in the Sundanese family, in order to maintain love their ancestor language. But some Sundanese families in Batam, including the teenager, think that the Sundanese language is not necessary to be learned at this era. Some of the reasons were that because it is not been taught in school, neither a prime requirement in entering college and not considered as a priority language in entering job field, which is in demand of a foreign language beside the Indonesian language. Therefore, it slowly will disappear from the Sundanese people itself. Through her observation, she found only a few families are aware of the importance of maintaining Sundanese as prime cultural characteristic. The observations to the 11 (eleventh) teenagers have shown that only 24 % categorized has the ability in speaking Sundanese language.
EFEK ANTIDIABETIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa) PADA TIKUS DIABETES YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN
Authors: Lestari Ira Cinta 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRAKDaun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) diketahui memiliki efek anti hiperglikemik dengan menghambat aktivitas enzim pencerna karbohidrat a-glucosidase, namun efeknya pada kondisi diabetes belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antidiabetik ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa (EEDMD) terhadap berat badan dan kadar glukosa darah tikus model diabetes. Studi eksperimental dengan rancangan post test only control group design dilakukan terhadap subjek 45 ekor tikus Sprague Dawley. Subjek dikelompokkan dalam kontrol normal, kontrol diabetes diberi pelarut dan diabetes diberi 7mg/200g, 14mg/200g, and 28mg/200g EEDMD secara peroral, sekali sehari selama 3, 14 dan 25 hari. Model tikus diabetes dibuat dengan injeksi streptozotosin dan nicotinamide. Hasil analisa statistik berat badan dan kadar glukosa puasa antar kelompok terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Sehingga kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian EEDMD memiliki efek antidiabetik pada tikus diabetes yang dinduksi stretozotosin.Kata kunci: Diabetes Mellitus, Phaleria Macrocarpa, Ekstrak Etanol, Streptozotosin, Antidiabetik ABSTRACTPhaleria macrocarpa leaf has been known to have anti-hyperglycemic effects by inhibiting the activity of a-glucosidase carbohydrates digestive enzyme, but the systemic effect on diabetic condition is unknown yet. This study was conducted to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of Phaleria macrocarpa leaf (EEPML) on body weight and blood glucose levels of diabetic rat model. This was a quasi experimental study with post test only control group design. Fourty five male Sprague Dawley rats were classified into normal control group, diabetic control group with solvent, diabetic with 7mg/200g, 14mg/200g, and 28mg/200g of EEPML peroral administration, once a day for 3, 14 and 25 days. The diabetic rat model was made by streptozotocin and nicotinamide injection. Results : Statistical analysis of mean body weight and fasting blood glucose level showed there were significant differences between treatment groups. Conclusion : Administration of EEPML is able to affect the body weight and blood glucose level of diabetic rat model. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Phaleria Macrocarpa, Ethanolic Extract, Streptozotocin, Antidiabetic
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN PROTEIN DAN KADAR INTERLEUKIN-6 DENGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA REMAJA PUTRI STATUS GIZI LEBIH
Authors: Agustina Tri , Indarto Dono , Sugiarto Sugiarto 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRAKStatus gizi lebih dan anemia merupakan gangguan gizi yang sering muncul pada remaja putri. Remaja putri berisiko tinggi terjadi gangguan gizi tersebut karena cenderung mengalami peningkatan kebutuhan zat gizi, pembatasan pola konsumsi dan penyimpangan pola konsumsi. Asupan protein yang tinggi akan diubah menjadi lemak dan disimpan menjadi jaringan adiposa. Pada status gizi lebih, inflamasi kronik terjadi di jaringan lemak dan terjadi peningkatan sekresi sitokin proinflamasi, seperti interleukin 6 (IL-6). Kadar IL-6 yang tinggi meningkatkan kadar hepsidin, yang dapat menurunkan kadar besi (Fe) dalam sirkulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuanmenganalisis hubungan antara asupan protein dan kadar IL-6 dengan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) pada remaja putri status gizi lebih. Data asupan protein menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam dan SQ-FFQ (semi quantitativefood frequency questionare). Kadar IL-6 diukur dengan pemeriksaan ELISA. Kadar Hb diukur dengan metode cyanmethaemoglobin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asupan protein dan kadar IL-6 tidak berhubungan dengan kadar Hb (p=0,132) dan (p= 0,607). Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan untuk menganalisis hubungan status gizi lebih pada remaja putri dengan kejadian anemia, seperti kadar hepsidin, globin dan feritin. Kata kunci: Asupan Protein, Kadar IL-6, Kadar Hb, Remaja Putri, Status Gizi Lebih ABSTRACTOvernutritional status and anemia are nutritional disorders that often occur in female adolescents. Female adolescents are at high risk of nutritional disorders because they tend to experience an enhanchement nutritional needs, restrictions on consumption patterns and eating disorder. High protein intake will be converted into fat and stored into adipose tissue. In overnutrition adolescents, chronic inflammation occurs in fat tissue and also increasing proinflamation sitokin secretion, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). High levels of IL-6 increases hepsidin levels, and decreases iron (Fe) level in circulation. This study aims to analyze the corelation of protein intake and IL-6 level with haemoglobin level in overnutrition female adolescents. Data of protein intake is taken through 24 hours food recall and SQ-FFQ (semi quantitative-food frequency questionare). IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA while Hb level is obtained thorugh cyanmethaemoglobin method. The results of this study there is no corelation between protein intake and IL-6 level toward Hb level (p=0,132) and (p= 0,607). It is suggested for other researcher to analyze corelation between overnutrition state in female adolescents and anemia symptomps such as hepsidin, globin, and feritin level.Keywords: Protein Intake, IL-6 Levels, Hemoglobin Levels, Adolescent Girls, Overnutritional Status
Un estudio sobre los macrocentros de interés (McI). Una aportación teórica para los estudios actuales de disponibilidad léxica
Authors: Pérez Durán Marco Antonio 
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo trata de hacer una aportación teórica a la teoría de la disponibilidad léxica actual con el concepto de Macrocentro de Interés (McI) para aprovecharlo en la selección de los centros de interés que se utilizan en los trabajos de este tipo. Esto implica caracterizar este concepto y dar cuenta de su estructura interna para finalmente justificar su relevancia en el ámbito de los estudios actuales de disponibilidad léxica. Para ello, se hace la revisión teórica de la psicolingüística, de la semántica estructural y cognitiva como punto de partida en el análisis de este nuevo concepto y, también, la descripción de cómo se va construyendo este término a partir del vocablo hasta llegar a la idea del McI. Original recibido: 2017/09/29Dictamen enviado al autor: 2018/01/12Aceptado: 2018/08/22
Democratización, clases sociales e identidades polí­ticas en la formación de la Argentina contemporánea
Authors: Giménez Sebastián Reinaldo 
Published: February 2019

En el presente artí­culo nos proponemos analizar cómo las ciencias sociales -y principalmente los estudios que buscaron aunar las herramientas de la disciplina histórica con las de la sociologí­a- abordaron el proceso de “democratización” en nuestro paí­s. Para ello, prestamos particular atención a aquellos trabajos que se preguntaron por la manera en que la formación de las clases sociales en la Argentina de la primera mitad del siglo XX impactó sobre las formas de concebir las jerarquí­as y de construir el lazo social y polí­tico. Encontramos en estos trabajos hipótesis muy significativas y herramientas analí­ticas muy productivas para abordar la problemática referida. Pero también hallamos algunos déficits, principalmente en lo que hace a cómo se concibe la relación entre estado y sociedad. En las conclusiones, por lo tanto, esbozamos algunas lí­neas analí­ticas para seguir reflexionando sobre la cuestión con nuevos interrogantes y puntos de vista.
La inserción laboral de los jóvenes: un concepto histórico, ambiguo y societal
Authors: Verdier Éric , Vultur Mircea 
Published: February 2019

Los conceptos principales que se utilizan hoy en dí­a para analizar la situación en el mercado laboral de las diferentes categorí­as de fuerza de trabajo son a menudo heredados del periodo de los Trente Glorieuses (N de la T: Edad de oro del capitalismo, en español). Un concepto que se convirtió enun objeto de investigación, que varios trabajos trataron de circunscribir y de definir de varias maneras, es el de inserción laboral. Los objetivos de este artí­culo son: a) mostrar el carácter histórico de la noción de inserción laboral, b) analizar la ambigüedad de sus definiciones proteiformes, utilizadas en gran parte por los investigadores en función de sus preocupaciones especí­ficas de investigación y c) resaltar el aspecto societal de la inserción laboral a partir de una mirada comparativa sobre el contenido de esta concepción y de su utilización en Francia y en Quebec. Este proceso nos llevará a un amplio cuestionamiento sobre la adecuación de este concepto a la realidad de los recorridos de formación y del mundo del trabajo contemporáneosque sufren profundas y rápidas transformaciones y requieren nuevas conceptualizaciones más detalladas y más rigurosas.
Cristina Vicente Lucas (Trad.)