bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial Boycotting and Conscientious Breach of Contract
Authors: Mills Chris , Saprai Prince 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this article we argue that commercial boycotting is not an uncontested economic right. Rather, the practice of boycotting often requires further moral justification. We argue that this justification should not rely solely on the consequences of boycotting, nor should it rely solely on the complicity of the consumer. We suggest that both justifications are subject to pressing objections. In light of these objections, we outline an alternative non‐consequentialist justification of commercial boycotting that is grounded in the moral values of conscience and personal integrity. We then explore the scope of this justification in the legal realm. We focus on cases where consumers lack freedom of exchange due to their contractual obligations and conclude by defending a qualified legal right to breach contracts on conscientious grounds.
LncRNA HOXA11‐AS promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by repressing miR‐214‐3p
Authors: Zhan Meixiao , He Ke , Xiao Jing , Liu Fei , Wang Haihe , Xia Zhenglin , Duan Xiaopeng , Huang Rui , Li Yong , He Xu , Yin Hua , Xiang Guoan , Lu Ligong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccumulating studies supported that lncRNAs played important roles in tumorigenesis. LncRNA HOXA11‐AS was a novel lncRNA that has been proved to involved in several tumours. However, the role of HOXA11‐AS in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be explained. In our study, we showed that HOXA11‐AS expression was up‐regulated in the HCC tissues, and the higher expression of HOXA11‐AS was associated with the advanced stage in the HCC samples. In addition, we indicated that the expression of HOXA11‐AS was up‐regulated in HCC cell lines (Hep3B, SMMC‐7721, MHCC97‐H and BEL‐7402) compared with normal liver cell lines (HL‐7702). Overexpression of HOXA11‐AS promoted HCC proliferation and invasion and induced the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and knockdown of HOXA11‐AS suppressed the HCC cell proliferation and invasion. However, we showed that miR‐214‐3p expression was down‐regulated in the HCC tissues and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR‐214‐3p suppressed HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, we indicated that overexpression of HOXA11‐AS decreased the miR‐214‐3p expression and the expression of miR‐214‐3p was negatively related with the HOXA11‐AS expression in HCC samples. Ectopic expression of HOXA11‐AS increased HCC proliferation and invasion and induced EMT through inhibiting miR‐214‐3p expression. These data suggested that HOXA11‐AS/miR‐214‐3p axis was responsible for development of HCC.
MUC1‐C drives myeloid leukaemogenesis and resistance to treatment by a survivin‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Stroopinsky Dina , Rajabi Hasan , Nahas Myrna , Rosenblatt Jacalyn , Rahimian Maryam , Pyzer Athalia , Tagde Ashujit , Kharbanda Akriti , Jain Salvia , Kufe Turner , Leaf Rebecca K. , Anastasiadou Eleni , Bar‐Natan Michal , Orr Shira , Coll Maxwell D. , Palmer Kristen , Ephraim Adam , Cole Leandra , Washington Abigail , Kufe Donald , Avigan David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAcute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive haematological malignancy with an unmet need for improved therapies. Responses to standard cytotoxic therapy in AML are often transient because of the emergence of chemotherapy‐resistant disease. The MUC1‐C oncoprotein governs critical pathways of tumorigenesis, including self‐renewal and survival, and is aberrantly expressed in AML blasts and leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). However, a role for MUC1‐C in linking leukaemogenesis and resistance to treatment has not been described. In this study, we demonstrate that MUC1‐C overexpression is associated with increased leukaemia initiating capacity in an NSG mouse model. In concert with those results, MUC1‐C silencing in multiple AML cell lines significantly reduced the establishment of AML in vivo. In addition, targeting MUC1‐C with silencing or pharmacologic inhibition with GO‐203 led to a decrease in active β‐catenin levels and, in‐turn, down‐regulation of survivin, a critical mediator of leukaemia cell survival. Targeting MUC1‐C was also associated with increased sensitivity of AML cells to Cytarabine (Ara‐C) treatment by a survivin‐dependent mechanism. Notably, low MUC1 and survivin gene expression were associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with AML. These findings emphasize the importance of MUC1‐C to myeloid leukaemogenesis and resistance to treatment by driving survivin expression. Our findings also highlight the potential translational relevance of combining GO‐203 with Ara‐C for the treatment of patients with AML.
IRX5 promotes NF‐κB signalling to increase proliferation, migration and invasion via OPN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Liyuan , Song Fangfang , Sun Hualing , Zhang Lu , Huang Cui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIroquois homeobox gene 5 (Irx5) is a highly conserved member of the Iroquois homeobox gene family. Members of this family play distinct and overlapping roles in normal embryonic cell patterning and development of malignancies. In this study, we observed that IRX5 was abnormally abundant in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and cell lines. We used gain‐ and loss‐of‐function methods to overexpress and knockdown IRX5 expression in the TSCC cell line CAL27. Our results elucidated that elevated levels of IRX5 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of TSCC cells, whereas stable or transient knockdown of IRX5 expression suppressed TSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. As a transcription factor, IRX5 performed this function by targeting osteopontin (OPN) promoter and activating the NF‐κB pathway. Finally, studies in xenograft tumour model showed that IRX5 significantly enhanced OPN expression and promoted tumour growth. Taken together, our study elucidates a promotive effect of IRX5 in TSCC through the connection with OPN. These findings reveal the new molecular mechanism of TSCC, which may potentiate its use as a novel molecular therapy target for TSCC.
Chronic ethanol exposure of human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial cells induces cancer stem cell phenotype through SATB2
Authors: Yu Wei , Ma Yiming , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe incidence of pancreatic cancer is on the rise. Risk factors for pancreatic cancer include alcohol toxicity and metabolic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism by which chronic alcohol consumption contributes to pancreatic cancer is not well understood. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the effects of long‐term chronic ethanol exposure on the transformation of human pancreatic normal ductal epithelial (HPNE) cells. Our data showed that ethanol‐transformed HPNE cells were more progressively transformed exhibiting spheroids and colonies, and anchorage‐independent growth. These transformed cells contained high levels of reactive oxygen species and induced SATB2 expression. Furthermore, during ethanol‐induced cellular transformation, cells gained the phenotypes of cancer stem cells (CSCs) by expressing pluripotency maintaining factors (Oct4, Sox2, cMyc and KLF4) and stem cell markers (CD24, CD44 and CD133). Ethanol‐induced SATB2 can bind to the promoters of KLF4, Oct4, cMyc, Sox2, Bcl‐2 and XIAP genes. Suppression of SATB2 expression in ethanol‐transformed HPNE cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and markers of CSCs and pluripotency. These data suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may contribute toward the development of pancreatic cancer by converting HPNE cells to cancer stem‐like cells.
Tattoo‐associated uveitis with or without systemic sarcoidosis: a comparative review of the literature
Authors: Kluger N. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown aetiology characterized by the presence of non‐caseating epithelioid cell granulomas in multiple organs, mainly the lungs and the lymphatic system. It is also one of the leading cause of inflammatory eye diseases. For the past 70 years, sarcoidal granulomas on tattoos and permanent make‐up have been documented. They can be the first and sometimes unique cutaneous manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis. A few cases of sarcoidosis with uveitis and granulomatous reactions within tattoos have been described. However, since the end 60s, a singular entity has been reported associating isolated uveitis with granulomatous cutaneous reaction restricted to tattoos in the notable absence of systemic sarcoidosis. It remains unclear whether this entity must be distinguished from sarcoidosis. This review summarizes the currently available data on this topic and compares cases of sarcoidosis with granulomatous tattoo reaction and uveitis to the cases without notable sarcoidosis. We propose the acronym TAGU (TAttoo Granulomas with Uveitis) as an exclusion diagnosis that emcompasses the patients for whom we fail to find any sarcoidosis or other causes after extensive investigation.
Contract contingency in vertically related markets
Authors: Bacchiega Emanuele , Bonroy Olivier , Petrakis Emmanuel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the last years, courts are increasingly inclined to consider precontractual arrangements as binding contracts, endowing them with commitment value that can be used strategically by the party that proposes them. We study the optimal precontractual arrangement offers of an upstream monopolist producing an essential input that may sell to two vertically differentiated downstream firms. These arrangements concern the exclusivity and the contingency of the contracts to be signed. Once the precontractual arrangements have been determined, the terms of the contracts are negotiated between the upstream supplier and the downstream firm(s). The distribution of bargaining power during the contract terms negotiations is the main driving force of the monopolist's choices. A powerful supplier always opts for an exclusive contract. By contrast, a weaker supplier offers nonexclusive contracts and makes each of them contingent or noncontingent such as to guarantee the most favorable outside option in its negotiations.
Experimental induction of mouthrot in Atlantic salmon smolts using Tenacibaculum maritimum from Western Canada
Authors: Frisch K , Småge S B , Vallestad C , Duesund H , Brevik Ø J , Klevan A , Olsen R H , Sjaatil S T , Gauthier D , Brudeseth B , Nylund A 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMouthrot, or bacterial stomatitis, is a disease which mainly affects farmed Atlantic salmon, (Salmo salar, L.), smolts recently transferred into salt water in both British Columbia (BC), Canada, and Washington State, USA. It is a significant fish welfare issue which results in economic losses due to mortality and antibiotic treatments. The associated pathogen is Tenacibaculum maritimum, a bacterium which causes significant losses in many species of farmed fish worldwide. This bacterium has not been proven to be the causative agent of mouthrot in BC despite being isolated from affected Atlantic salmon. In this study, challenge experiments were performed to determine whether mouthrot could be induced with T. maritimum isolates collected from outbreaks in Western Canada and to attempt to develop a bath challenge model. A secondary objective was to use this model to test inactivated whole‐cell vaccines for T. maritimum in Atlantic salmon smolts. This study shows that T. maritimum is the causative agent of mouthrot and that the bacteria can readily transfer horizontally within the population. Although the whole‐cell oil‐adjuvanted vaccines produced an antibody response that was partially cross‐reactive with several of the T. maritimum isolates, the vaccines did not protect the fish under the study's conditions.
A Call for Theoretically Informed and Empirically Validated Military Family Interventions
Authors: Gewirtz Abigail H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough multiple evidence‐based family interventions exist, less than a handful have been developed or rigorously tested specifically for military families. Indeed, few interventions available to military families are theory based or empirically validated; most have good face validity but little data on efficacy or effectiveness. This article argues for an emphasis on the rigorous evaluation, via pragmatic randomized controlled trials, of theory‐based family interventions to strengthen and support military families. Data are provided from a theory‐based, empirically validated parenting program for families (After Deployment, Adaptive Parenting Tools, or ADAPT) to demonstrate the potential for randomized controlled trials to yield rich data about family functioning beyond program outcomes. Opportunities to generate theoretically informed, evidence‐based family interventions for military families will contribute not only to testing theories about military families but also to advancing well‐being for the next generation of service members and their families.
Multiplex gene editing in rice with simplified CRISPR‐Cpf1 and CRISPR‐Cas9 systems
Authors: Wang Mugui , Mao Yanfei , Lu Yuming , Wang Zhidan , Tao Xiaoping , Zhu Jian‐Kang 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe developed simplified single transcriptional unit (SSTU) CRISPR systems for multiplex gene editing in rice using FnCpf1, LbCpf1 or Cas9, in which the nuclease and its crRNA array are co‐expressed from a single Pol II promoter, without any additional processing machinery. Our SSTU systems are easy to construct and effective in mediating multiplex genome editing.
Direct manipulation of metallic nanosheets by shear force microscopy
Authors: BI Z. , CAI W. , WANG Y. , SHANG G. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMicro/nanomanipulation is a rapidly growing technology and holds promising applications in various fields, including photonic/electronic devices, chemical/biosensors etc. In this work, we present that shear force microscopy (ShFM) can be exploited to manipulate metallic nanosheets besides imaging. The manipulation is realized via controlling the shear force sensor probe position and shear force magnitude based on our homemade ShFM system under an optical microscopy for in situ observation. The main feature of the ShFM system is usage of a piezoelectric bimorph sensor, which has the ability of self‐excitation and detection. Moreover, the shear force magnitude as a function of the spring constant of the sensor and setpoint is obtained, which indicates that operation modes can be switched between imaging and manipulation through designing the spring constant before experiment and changing the setpoint during manipulation process, respectively. We believe that this alternative manipulation technique could be used to assemble other nanostructures with different shapes, sizes and compositions for new properties and wider applications.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: Overview and Current Recommendations
Authors: Folk Diane M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHypertensive disorders of pregnancy include chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, preeclampsia‐eclampsia, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. These disorders are an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Although advances in effective treatments have been made, current research has yet to identify a biochemical or diagnostic imaging marker to reliably predict preeclampsia. Despite current guidelines that address diagnosis and management of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, health care providers may overlook or be unaware of signs that require immediate evaluation and treatment. This article reviews the definitions of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, diagnosis, pathophysiology of preeclampsia, indications for treatment, neurologic sequelae, and counseling about the implications of hypertension in pregnancy for subsequent health.
Decision Making about Hospital Arrival among Low‐Risk Nulliparous Women after Spontaneous Labor Onset at Home
Authors: Edmonds Joyce K. , Miley Kathleen , Angelini Kimberly J. , Shah Neel T. 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionPostponing hospital admission until the active phase of labor is a recommended strategy to safely reduce the incidence of primary cesarean births. Success of this strategy depends on women's decisions about when to transfer from home to the hospital, a process that is largely absent from research about childbirth. This study aimed to determine the decision‐making criteria used by women about when to go to the hospital after the self‐identification of labor onset at home.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted at an academic medical center with a sample of 21 nulliparous women who went into spontaneous labor at home and had term, singleton, and vertex‐presentation births. The purposive sample consisted of women who decided to stay at home or go to the hospital in early labor. Birth narratives from in‐depth interviews conducted in the postpartum period using a semistructured interview guide were subjected to content analysis. The verbatim transcriptions of the interviews were coded and categorized into a set of decision criteria.ResultsCriteria used by women in deciding to go to the hospital or stay at home in early labor included the degree of certainty with the self‐identification of labor onset, ability to cope with labor pain, influence of social network members, health care provider advice, and concerns about travel to the hospital. Perception of childbirth risk and the need for reassurance about the normalcy of symptoms and fetal well‐being also influenced women's decisions.DiscussionWomen use a common set of criteria in deciding when to arrive at the hospital during labor. Antenatal education and telephone triage interventions that incorporate the considerations of women deciding to seek or delay hospital admission in childbirth may facilitate health seeking in more advanced labor. Symptom recognition education about early labor onset and progression could reduce decisional uncertainty.
Cranial morphology in Mollisquama sp. (Squaliformes; Dalatiidae) and patterns of cranial evolution in dalatiid sharks
Authors: Denton John S. S. , Maisey John G. , Grace Mark , Pradel Alan , Doosey Michael H. , Bart Henry L. , Naylor Gavin J. P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDalatiid sharks are members of a family of predominantly small, midwater meso‐ and bathypelagic chondrichthyans. The family is notable for both its number of monotypic genera and high morphological disparity. Three of the seven dalatiid genera are known only from holotype specimens (Mollisquama parini) or from only a handful of specimens (Euprotomicroides zantedeschia, Heteroscymnoides marleyi), with the only detailed anatomical work consistent across all taxa being studies of dentition. Here, we present detailed anatomical description of the second‐ever specimen of Mollisquama (Mollisquama sp.) covering chondrocranial, jaw, dental, and muscular anatomy, derived from a phase‐contrast synchrotron microtomographic scan. Mollisquama sp. is unique among dalatiids in possessing a deep carinal process, extending ventrally from the bar between the subethmoid region and basal angle in squaloid sharks, containing a large fenestra infiltrated by the suborbitalis muscle. Mollisquama sp. also exhibits additional possibly diagnostic features, including a planar configuration of the labial cartilages and the absence of labial folds; a pad‐like orbital process on the palatoquadrate; and the origination of the suborbitalis muscle solely on the carina, rather than the intraorbital wall. Character optimization of anatomical data onto a phylogeny of dalatiid sharks suggests Mollisquama sp. to be among the most specialized in the family, expanding the existing dalatiid morphospace. However, the functional significance of such transformations remains unclear. Synchrotron‐derived data, which do not require chemical pretreatment of specimens, may elucidate soft‐tissue functional correlates in future studies of undersampled taxa, such as dalatiids.
Mothers' and Fathers' Well‐Being in Parenting Across the Arch of Child Development
Authors: Meier Ann , Musick Kelly , Fischer Jocelyn , Flood Sarah 
Published: May 2018

Limited research on parental well‐being by child age suggests that parents are better off with very young children despite intense time demands of caring for them. This study uses the American Time Use Survey Well‐Being Module (N = 18,124) to assess how parents feel in activities with children of different ages. Results show that parents are worse off with adolescent children relative to young children. Parents report the lowest levels of happiness with adolescents relative to younger children, and mothers report more stress and less meaning with adolescents. Controlling for contextual features of parenting including activity type, solo parenting, and restorative time does not fully account for the adolescent disadvantage in fathers' happiness or mothers' stress. This study highlights adolescence as a particularly difficult stage for parental well‐being and shows that mothers shoulder stress that fathers do not, even after accounting for differences in the context of their parenting activities.
Influence of backrest angle on swallowing musculature activity and physical strain during the head lift exercise in elderly women compared with young women
Authors: Koshi N. , Matsumoto H. , Hiramatsu T. , Shimizu Y. , Hagino H. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe head lift exercise (HLE) is the most common exercise for strengthening the swallowing musculature in clinical situations. This study investigated whether a change in the backrest angle of a bed influences swallowing musculature activity and physical strain during the HLE and whether it can generate an appropriate exercise load for swallowing musculature activity for older women compared with younger women. Participants were 10 elderly women and 10 young women, each of whom performed the HLE with a backrest randomly angled at 0°, 15°, 30° and 45°. The activity of the suprahyoid, infrahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles was assessed with electromyography. The perception of fatigue was measured with the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. The activity of the infrahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles in elderly women was significantly lower when the angle of the backrest was raised to 45° vs 0°. In both groups, the Borg rating decreased significantly at the 30° and 45° backrest positions vs the 0° and 15° positions. The activity required for the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles in elderly women at a 30° backrest position was almost equal to the activity required by these muscles in young women at a 0° backrest position. In elderly women, it is possible that the HLE with the backrest at a 30° angle may be easier and provide a more appropriate exercise load for strengthening the swallowing muscles.