bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding for disease resistance by editing plant susceptibility genes.
Authors: Sun KaiLe Sun KaiLe , Zheng Zheng Zheng Zheng , Jacobsen E. , Visser R. G. F. , Bai YuLing Bai YuLing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Plants are continuously attacked by a broad range of pathogens. World-wide, farmers use large amounts of chemicals to secure crop yield. Breeding for disease resistance is a major objective of breeding activities in order to minimize the yield and quality loss associated with diseases. Although, resistance can often be obtained by introgression of major resistance genes (
R
-genes) from wild crop relatives, resistance conferred by R-genes is rarely durable. Recently, increased research with a focus on suppression of plant immunity has led to the identification of (potential) disease-susceptibility genes (S-genes) in
Arabidopsis
. Taking a few examples of conserved
S
-gene function between
Arabidopsis
and crops, this review demonstrates how to impair plant
S
-genes, complementary to the introgression of
R
-genes, to achieve durable and broad-spectrum resistance.
A novel Ca2+-signal transduction inhibitor, kujigamberol C, isolated from Kuji amber
Authors: Takahashi Honoka , Koshino Hiroyuki , Maruyama Miku , Shinden Hisao , Kimura Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
A novel labdane type diterpenoid, 15-nor-8-labden-13-ol, named kujigamberol C, was isolated from Kuji amber using a modified isolation method to increase the yield of biologically active compounds. The structure was determined using HREIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Kujigamberol C showed growth-restoring activity against mutant yeast via Ca2+-signal transduction.
Soy hydrolysate enhances the isoproterenol-stimulated lipolytic pathway through an increase in β-adrenergic receptor expression in adipocytes
Authors: Ng Su-Ping , Nomura Wataru , Mohri Shinsuke , Takahashi Haruya , Jheng Huei-Fen , Ara Takeshi , Nagai Hiroyuki , Ito Tetsuro , Kawada Teruo , Goto Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Activation of the adipose lipolytic pathway during lipid metabolism is mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), which responds to β-adrenergic stimulation, leading to increased lipolysis. Soy is well known as a functional food and it is able to affect lipolysis in adipocytes. However, the mechanism by which soy components contribute to the lipolytic pathway remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that hydrolyzed soy enhances isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis and activation of PKA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We also found that the expression of β-adrenergic receptors, which coordinate the activation of PKA, is elevated in adipocytes differentiated in the presence of soy hydrolysate. The activity of the soy hydrolysate towards β-adrenergic receptor expression was detected in its hydrophilic fraction. Our results suggest that the soy hydrolysate enhances the PKA pathway through the upregulation of β-adrenergic receptor expression and thereby, increase lipolysis in adipocytes.
The bulk conversion depth of the NV-center in diamond: computing a charged defect in a neutral slab
Authors: Löfgren Robin , Pawar Ravinder , Öberg Sven , Larsson J Andreas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV−) center in diamond has properties that make it a promising candidate for applications such as a qubit in room temperature quantum computing, single-molecule photoluminescence and NMR sensor, and as a single photon source for quantum cryptography. For many of its uses it is desirable to have the NV-center close to the diamond surface. In this work, we use density functional theory simulations to investigate how the distance of the NV− center to a surface, and its orientation, affect its properties, including the zero-phonon-line. We study the three technologically important surfaces terminated with fluorine, oxygen/hydroxyl and nitrogen. Since the NV-center is charged it requires special measures to simulate within a slab-model. We use the recently proposed charging with a substitutional donor in the diamond lattice resulting in a neutral super-cell, which provides very satisfactory results. We have found that the NV-centers properties converge to bulk values already at 5 Å depth.
Comparison of 24-Hour Ambulatory Central Blood Pressure Reduction Efficacy Between Fixed Amlodipine or Up-Titrated Hydrochlorothiazide Plus Losartan: The K-Central Study
Authors: Cho Eun Joo , Lee Hae Young , Sung Ki Chul , Park Sungha , Sohn Il-Suk , Park Chang Gyu , Choi Dong-Ju , Ha Jong Won , Ahn Young Keun , Shin Jinho , Hong Soon-Jun , Kim Soon Kil , Chung Wook-Jin , Yoo Byung Su , Hong Taek Jong , Youn Ho Joong , Cho Myeong-Chan , Chae Shung Chull , Kim Young Jo , Kim Chong-Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study was to evaluate non-inferiority of office mean systolic blood pressure (BP) reduction efficacy and superiority of 24-hour ambulatory central BP reduction efficacy between losartan combined with fixed dose amlodipine (L/A group) and dose up-titrated hydrochlorothiazide (L/H group) according to office BP.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter trial in 231 patients with hypertensive (mean age = 59.2 ± 12.2 years). Patients received losartan 50 mg monotherapy for 4 weeks, followed by additional use of amlodipine 5 mg or hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg for 20 weeks after randomization. The patients who did not achieve the BP goal after 4 weeks’ randomization received an increased dose of 100 mg/5 mg for the L/A group and 100 mg/25 mg for L/H group, respectively. The 24-hour ambulatory central BP was measured at baseline and after 20 weeks’ treatment.

RESULTS
Office mean systolic BP reduction of L/A group was not inferior to L/H group after 4 weeks’ treatment (–17.6 ± 13.3 vs. –14.4 ± 12.6 mm Hg, P = 0.0863) and was not significantly different after 20 weeks’ treatment. (–15.7 ± 14.0 vs. –14.7 ± 15.1 mm Hg, P = 0.6130) The 24-hour ambulatory central systolic BP was significantly more reduced in the L/A group compared with that in the L/H group after 20 weeks’ treatment (–9.37 ± 10.67 vs. –6.28 ± 10.50 mm Hg, P = 0.0407). The 24-hour ambulatory central systolic BP at the completion of the study and its reduction magnitude were independently associated with reductions in aortic pulse wave velocity, pulse pressure, and wave reflection magnitude.

CONCLUSION
Office systolic BP reduction with L/A was not inferior to L/H after 4 week’s treatment. The combination of losartan and amlodipine was more favorable in 24-hour ambulatory central hemodynamics beyond BP-lowering efficacy than the combination of losartan and hydrochlorothiazide, regardless of office BP.

CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION
NCT02294539
Extreme Dipping: Always Means Nocturnal Hypotension?
Authors: Cuspidi Cesare , Caffi Giovanni , Dell’Oro Raffaella , Tadic Marijana , Sala Carla , Grassi Guido , Mancia Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAIMAlthough nocturnal hypotension is considered the key factor responsible for the increased cardiovascular risk associated with the extreme dipping (ED) pattern, no information is available on its prevalence in this setting. Therefore, we have assessed this topic in a cohort of patients referred to a single out-patient hypertension center.METHODSA large database of individual 24-hour ambulatory BP recordings from untreated individuals with a history of hypertension and treated individuals with hypertension was analyzed.RESULTSA total of 339 of 7,074 patients (4.5%) exhibited an ED pattern (207 had a nighttime reduction in both systolic and diastolic BP ≥ 20% compared to daytime values and 132 a nighttime reduction in diastolic BP ≥ 20%). Among patients with ED, the prevalence of nocturnal hypotension varied from 9.1% to 45.0% depending on the criteria used (i.e., mean nighttime BP &lt; 90/50 mm Hg or &lt; 100/60 mm Hg), and the prevalence of nocturnal hypertension (i.e., mean nighttime BP ≥ 120/70 mm Hg) was 19.5%. Compared with untreated patients, those taking antihypertensive drugs were more likely to have nocturnal hypotension and less likely to have nocturnal hypertension.CONCLUSIONSOur findings support the view that ED pattern is a condition not always associated with nocturnal hypotension because a large fraction of ED patients has normal or elevated mean BP nocturnal values.
Definitions of post-coronary artery bypass grafting myocardial infarction: variations in incidence and prognostic significance
Authors: Belley-Cote Emilie P , Lamy André , Devereaux P J , Kavsak Peter , Lamontagne François , Cook Deborah J , Kennedy Kevin , Vincent Jessica , Ou Yongning , Tagarakis George , Whitlock Richard P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Using data from the CORONARY trial (n = 4752), we evaluated the incidence and prognostic significance of myocardial infarction (MI) applying different definitions based on peak postoperative creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme and cardiac troponin levels. We then aimed to identify the peak cardiac troponin during the first 3 postoperative days that was independently associated with a 2-fold increase in 30-day mortality.

METHODS
To combine different assays, we analysed cardiac troponins in multiples of their respective upper limit of normal (ULN). We identified the lowest threshold with a hazard ratio (HR) &gt;2 for 30-day mortality independent of EuroSCORE and on- versus off-pump surgery.

RESULTS
Depending on the definition used based on creatine kinase-MB, the incidence of MI after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) ranged from 0.6% to 19% and the associated HRs for 30-day mortality ranged from 2.7 to 6.9. Using cardiac troponin (1528 patients), the incidence of MI ranged from 1.7% to 13% depending on the definition used with HRs for 30-day mortality ranging from 5.1 to 7.2. The first cardiac troponin threshold we evaluated, 180xULN, was associated with an adjusted HR for 30-day mortality of 7.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.4–17.1] when compared to &lt;130xULN. The next independent threshold was 130xULN with an adjusted HR for 30-day mortality of 7.8 (95% CI 2.3–26.1). The next cardiac troponin tested threshold (70xULN) did not meet criteria for significance.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results illustrate that the incidence and prognosis of a post-CABG MI varies based on the definition used. Validated post-CABG MI diagnostic criteria formulated from their independent association with important clinical outcomes are needed.
The genomes of pecan and Chinese hickory provide insights into Carya evolution and nut nutrition
Authors: Huang Youjun , Xiao Lihong , Zhang Zhongren , Zhang Rui , Wang Zhengjia , Huang Chunying , Huang Ren , Luan Yumeng , Fan Tongqiang , Wang Jianhua , Shen Chen , Zhang Shenmei , Wang Xinwang , Randall Jennifer , Zheng Bingsong , Wu Jiasheng , Zhang Qixiang , Xia Guohua , Xu Chuanmei , Chen Ming , Zhang Liangsheng , Jiang Wenkai , Gao Lizhi , Chen Zhiduan , Leslie Charles A , Grauke L J , Huang Jianqin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) and Chinese hickory (C. cathayensis) are important commercially cultivated nut trees in the genus Carya (Juglandaceae), with high nutritional value and substantial health benefits.

Results
We obtained &gt;187.22 and 178.87 gigabases of sequence, and ~288× and 248× genome coverage, to a pecan cultivar (“Pawnee”) and a domesticated Chinese hickory landrace (ZAFU-1), respectively. The total assembly size is 651.31 megabases (Mb) for pecan and 706.43 Mb for Chinese hickory. Two genome duplication events before the divergence from walnut were found in these species. Gene family analysis highlighted key genes in biotic and abiotic tolerance, oil, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and B vitamins. Further analyses of reduced-coverage genome sequences of 16 Carya and 2 Juglans species provide additional phylogenetic perspective on crop wild relatives.

Conclusions
Cooperative characterization of these valuable resources provides a window to their evolutionary development and a valuable foundation for future crop improvement.
Integrating multiple community perspectives in intervention development
Authors: Molina Yamilï¿½ , Watson Karriem S , San Miguel Liliana G , Aguirre Karen , Hernandez-Flores Mariana , Giraldo Tatiana B , Lucio Araceli , Coronado Nora , Matthews Phoenix A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We offer a framework and exemplify how to integrate multiple community perspectives in research to develop breast cancer screening interventions among Latinas non-adherent to national guidelines. We leverage members of an academic institution’s community consultative service [community engagement advisory board (CEAB) members]; study team members [community health workers (CHWs)] and study-eligible individuals (non-adherent Latinas). First, we asked what was needed from CEAB members (N=17), CHWs (N=14) and non-adherent Latinas (N=20) in one-time semi-structured group consultations and focus groups. Second, we drafted materials. Third, we conducted group consultations and focus groups with a new set of CEAB members (N=13), CHWs (N=17) and non-adherent Latinas (N=16) to reflect on our initial analysis and draft materials. Fourth, we finalized interventions. Certain recommendations were shared across stakeholders and simple to integrate (e.g. costs → access to free services). Some recommendations varied, but complementary integration was possible (e.g. location versus recruitment → multiple recruitment in multiple community areas). Others were distinct across stakeholders and resulted in strategies to recognize participants’ agency and inform their choices about breast cancer screening (e.g. differences in preferred information about screening → personalized information and evidence about all screening options).
Explicit inverse of tridiagonal matrix with applications in autoregressive modelling
Authors: Tan Linda S L 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present the explicit inverse of a class of symmetric tridiagonal matrices, which is almost Toeplitz, except that the first and last diagonal elements are different from the rest. This class of tridiagonal matrices is of special interest in complex statistical models, which uses the first-order autoregression to induce dependence in the covariance structure, for instance, in econometrics or spatial modelling. They also arise in interpolation problems using the cubic spline. We show that the inverse can be expressed as a linear combination of Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind and present results on the properties of the inverse, such as bounds on the row sums, the trace of the inverse and its square and their limits as the order of the matrix increases.
The Effect of Auditory Stimuli on User’s Meditation and Workload in a Brain–Computer Interface Game
Authors: Vasiljevic Gabriel Alves Mendes , de Miranda Leonardo Cunha 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The advancement of Brain–computer interface (BCI) technology allowed for the development of applications not only for physically-impaired users, but for entertainment purposes as well. However, there are still numerous challenges in the development of such applications, as it is not known to which extent external stimuli may interfere with the captured brain signals. Being so, understanding the possible limitations caused by these external stimuli may help developers and designers in the development of future BCI-based applications. This paper presents the results of a controlled experiment designed for investigating the effects of auditory stimuli (AS) on subjects playing a neurofeedback-based game. The experiment consisted of sixteen volunteer subjects who played a total of twelve game matches each, for a total of 144 matches, over the course of three experiment sessions. Statistical analysis and qualitative instruments were employed to investigate key features of the subjects’ interaction with the game over time, especially regarding the influence of AS in both subjects’ performance and self-assessed, subjective workload. It was concluded that the subjects’ level of meditation tends to increase over time, that the self-assessed workload tends to decrease over time, and that the game’s AS did neither significantly influenced the performance nor the subjective workload of the subjects.

Research Highlights
The influence of auditory stimuli (AS) was investigated with a brain–computer interface game. Meditation level and workload were assessed and evaluated in a controlled experiment setup. Subjects’ performance tends to increase over time, while self-assessed workload tends to decrease. The presence of AS did not influenced the subjects’ meditation level and workload.
The Material-Experiential Asymmetry in Discounting: When Experiential Purchases Lead to More Impatience
Authors: Goodman Joseph K , Malkoc Selin A , Rosenboim Mosi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConsumers routinely make decisions about the timing of their consumption, making tradeoffs between consuming now or later. Most of the literature examining impatience considers monetary outcomes (i.e., delaying dollars), implicitly assuming that how the money is spent does not systematically alter impatience levels and patterns. The authors propose an impatience asymmetry for material and experiential purchases based on utility duration. Five studies provide evidence that consumers are more impatient toward experiential purchases compared to material purchases and that this increased impatience is driven by whether the value is extracted over a shorter utility duration (often associated with experiential purchases) or a longer utility duration (often associated with material purchases). Thus, when an experience is consumed over a longer period of time, the results show that impatience can be diminished. Additional results show that the effect holds in both delay and expedite frames and suggest that the results cannot be explained by differences in scheduling, time sensitivity, affect, ownership, future time perspective, or future connectedness.
Genetically encoded orientation probes for F-actin for fluorescence polarization microscopy
Authors: Nakai Nori , Sato Keisuke , Tani Tomomi , Saito Kenta , Sato Fumiya , Terada Sumio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFluorescence polarization microscopy, which can visualize both position and orientation of fluorescent molecules, is useful for analyzing architectural dynamics of proteins in vivo, especially that of cytoskeletal proteins such as actin. Fluorescent phalloidin conjugates and SiR-actin can be used as F-actin orientation probes for fluorescence polarization microscopy, but a lack of appropriate methods for their introduction to living specimens especially to tissues, embryos, and whole animals hampers their applications to image the orientation of F-actin. To solve this problem, we have developed genetically encoded F-actin orientation probes for fluorescence polarization microscopy. We rigidly connected circular permutated green fluorescent protein (GFP) to the N-terminal α-helix of actin-binding protein Lifeact or utrophin calponin homology domain (UtrCH), and normal mEGFP to the C-terminal α-helix of UtrCH. After evaluation of ensemble and single particle fluorescence polarization with the instantaneous FluoPolScope, one of the constructs turned out to be suitable for practical usage in live cell imaging. Our new, genetically encoded F-actin orientation probe, which has a similar property of an F-actin probe to conventional GFP-UtrCH, is expected to report the 3D architecture of the actin cytoskeleton with fluorescence polarization microscopy, paving the way for both the single molecular orientation imaging in cultured cells and the sub-optical resolution architectural analysis of F-actin networks analysis of F-actin in various living systems.
Costs of Oral Complications of Cancer Therapies: Estimates and a Blueprint for Future Study
Authors: Elting Linda S , Chang Yu-Chia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Oral complications of cancer treatment are common; however, their clinical and economic importance is often underappreciated. We reviewed the literature on the economic implications of oral complications, updating a previous report in the predecessor to this issue. We searched the Medline and Scopus databases for papers published as of December 31, 2017 that described the economic consequences of preventing and managing oral complications and reviewed the literature reporting the costs of oral mucositis, xerostomia, and osteonecrosis. Cost estimates were inflated to 2017 US dollars. We identified 16 papers describing the cost of managing mucositis, eight describing the cost of osteoradionecrosis, one describing the cost of bisphosphonate-associate osteonecrosis of the jaw, and four describing the cost of xerostomia. The incremental cost of oral mucositis was approximately $5000–$30 000 among patients receiving radiation therapy and $3700 per cycle among patients receiving chemotherapy. The incremental cost of mucositis-related hospitalization among stem cell transplant recipients exceeded $70 000. Conservative management of osteoradionecrosis (antibiotics, debridement) costs $4000–$35 000, although estimates as high as $74 000 have been reported. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may add $10 000–$50 000 to the cost of therapy. Sialogogues are required for years for the management of xerostomia at a cost of $40–$200 per month. Serious (hospitalization, hyperbaric oxygen therapy) or long-term (sialogogues) outcomes are the major drivers of cost. Future research should address patients’ out-of-pocket costs and the costs of oral complications of new treatments. Multisite studies, particularly those conducted by cooperative groups, should be prioritized.
How Errors Cumulate: Two Examples
Authors: Tourangeau Roger 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article examines the relationship among different types of nonobservation errors (all of which affect estimates from nonprobability internet samples) and between nonresponse and measurement errors. Both are examples of how different error sources can interact. Estimates from nonprobability samples seem to have more total error than estimates from probability samples, even ones with very low response rates. This finding suggests that the combination of coverage, selection, and nonresponse errors has greater cumulative effects than nonresponse error alone. The probabilities of having internet access, joining an internet panel, and responding to a particular survey request are probably correlated and, as a result, may lead to greater covariances with survey variables than response propensities alone; the biases accentuate one another. With nonresponse and measurement error, the two sources seem more or less uncorrelated, with one exception—those most prone to social desirability bias (those in the undesirable categories) are also less likely to respond. In addition, the propensity for unit nonresponse seems to be related to item nonresponse.