bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrogenesis of highly fractionated rhyolites in the southwestern Okinawa Trough: Constraints from whole‐rock geochemistry data and Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopes
Authors: Chen Zuxing , Zeng Zhigang , Yin Xuebo , Wang Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Shuai , Shu Yunchao , Guo Kun , Li Xiaohui 
Published: March 2018

In the southwestern Okinawa Trough, a cluster of approximate 70 submarine volcanoes is located at the cross back‐arc volcanic trail (CBVT), with the eruptive products dominated by rhyolites. New whole‐rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopic data and previously available geochemistry data of volcanic rocks from this region are presented to determine the petrogenesis of these rhyolites. The rhyolites have high SiO2 (>70.01 wt.%), K2O + Na2O (6.71–7.16 wt.%) contents and differentiation index (DI) values (DI > 93), and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.99–1.11) and medium‐K calc‐alkaline in composition. The relatively low 104*Ga/Al (2.06–2.17) and FeO*/MgO ratios (4.50–6.62), as well as Zr (91–174 ppm) and Zr + Ce + Nb + Y (175–271) contents suggest that the rhyolites, which contain hornblende, are generally similar to those of typical highly fractionated I‐type granitoids. The rhyolites show arc‐related features such as enrichment in LILEs (Rb, Ba, K), Th, U, Pb, and LREEs ((La/Yb)N = 6.21–6.74) and strong depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, P, Ti) with both nearly identical and more enriched isotopic compositions, including εNd (from −3.2 to −3.5), 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.705552 to 0.705713), δ18O values (+8.1‰ to +8.6‰), and Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.568–18.589, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.641–15.656, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.848–38.904). Based on these characteristics, we propose that subduction‐related basalt magma and crust‐derived magma mixed and homogenized within a shallow magma chamber with a homogeneous “base‐level” isotopic signature of >0·7055 (87Sr/86Sr) and > −3 (εNd). This magma would have then experienced the extensive fractional crystallization of minerals, including plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, sphene, and Fe–Ti oxides, to form the CBVT rhyolites. Our geochemical interpretation of the existence of a long‐lived, convecting magma chamber beneath the CBVT is also consistent with seismic tomography results.
Utilising a multi‐item questionnaire to assess household food security in Australia
Authors: Butcher Lucy M. , O'Sullivan Therese A. , Ryan Maria M. , Lo Johnny , Devine Amanda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIssue addressedCurrently, two food sufficiency questions are utilised as a proxy measure of national food security status in Australia. These questions do not capture all dimensions of food security and have been attributed to underreporting of the problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate food security using the short form of the US Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) within an Australian context; and explore the relationship between food security status and multiple socio‐demographic variables.MethodsTwo online surveys were completed by 2334 Australian participants from November 2014 to February 2015. Surveys contained the short form of the HFSSM and twelve socio‐demographic questions. Cross‐tabulations chi‐square tests and a multinomial logistic regression model were employed to analyse the survey data.ResultsFood security status of the respondents was classified accordingly: High or Marginal (64%, n = 1495), Low (20%, n = 460) or Very Low (16%, n = 379). Significant independent predictors of food security were age (P < 0.001), marital status (P = 0.005), household income (P < 0.001) and education (P < 0.001).ConclusionFindings suggest food insecurity is an important issue across Australia and that certain groups, regardless of income, are particularly vulnerable.So what?Government policy and health promotion interventions that specifically target “at risk” groups may assist to more effectively address the problem. Additionally, the use of a multi‐item measure is worth considering as a national indicator of food security in Australia.
Pathways of airway oxidant formation by house dust mite allergens and viral RNA converge through myosin motors, pannexons and Toll‐like receptor 4
Authors: Zhang Jihui , Chen Jie , Mangat Shannon C. , Perera Baruhupolage Chathuri , Garrod David R. , Robinson Clive 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionIntracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) are generated in human airway epithelial cells by the prothrombinase action of Group 1 house dust mite (HDM) allergens and by ligation of viral RNA sensor Toll‐like receptors (TLRs). We explored signaling convergence between HDM allergens and TLRs in ROS generation because epithelial cells form the primary barrier against inhaled substances and dictate host responses to allergens and viruses.MethodsROS formation by Calu‐3 human airway cells was studied by measuring dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation after activation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (to activate TLR3), CL097 (to activate TLR7), a natural mixture of HDM allergens, or BzATP.ResultsTLR4 activation was identified as an indispensable response element for all stimuli, operating downstream from myosin motor activation, pannexon gating for ATP release and the endogenous activation of prothrombin. Exogenous prothrombin activation by HDM allergens was prevented by SGUL 1733, a novel inhibitor of the proteolytic activity of Group 1 HDM allergens, which thus prevented TLR4 from being activated at source.ConclusionsOur data identify for the first time that endogenously‐generated prothrombin and TLR4 form a shared effector mechanism essential to intracellular ROS generation activated by a group 1 HDM allergen (itself a prothrombinase) or by ligation of viral RNA‐sensing TLRs. These stimuli operate a confluent signaling pathway in which myosin motors, gating of pannexons, and ADAM 10 lead to prothrombin‐dependent activation of TLR4 with a recycling activation of pannexons.
The effect of oral immunotherapy treatment in severe IgE mediated milk, peanut, and egg allergy in adults
Authors: Mäntylä Jarkko , Thomander Tuuli , Hakulinen Auli , Kukkonen Kaarina , Palosuo Kati , Voutilainen Helena , Pelkonen Anna , Kauppi Paula 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe standard care of severe food allergy in both adults and children means avoidance of allergens. In recent years promising results of oral immunotherapy (OIT) have been reported in children. In adults, information on OIT in severe food allergy is very limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to study if OIT is possible in adults.MethodsWe report OIT results in 10 adult patients with milk OIT, nine adult patients with peanut OIT, and four adult patients with egg OIT. The allergy was confirmed with allergen specific IgE tests and oral food challenges (open in milk allergy and double‐blind in peanut and egg allergy). The OIT was performed as open.ResultsThe median dose of protein that led to discontinuation of allergen challenge because of symptoms was 7.5 mg in milk allergy, 25 mg in peanut allergy, and 15 mg in egg allergy. The median period of OIT was 515 days. Currently on OIT are 6/10 milk allergic patients, 4/9 peanut allergic patients and 3/4 egg allergic patients. The median dose of milk protein increased by 60‐fold during OIT compared to the allergen challenge dose. In peanut OIT the median dose increased by eightfold and in egg allergy the dose increased with OIT by 35‐fold. Local itching was the most common side effect of OIT (73.9% of the patients), four patients reported having used epinephrine autoinjector and three patients having needed emergency room treatment.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOIT can be given in adult patients with severe milk, peanut, or egg allergy only in selected cases. OIT leads into desensitization but it is not clear whether persistent tolerance can be achieved. Mild adverse events during OIT are common.
Participation in a Complex and Conflicting Context: Implementing a Shared Diagnosis in a Northern Tunisia Irrigation Scheme
Authors: Hanafi S. , Marlet S. , Jamin J.Y. , Imache A. , Zairi A. , Bahri H. , Rougier J.E. , Bouarfa S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPromoting innovation to improve both productivity and sustainability of irrigated farming systems is crucial for the first question addressed within the Sustainable Development Goals process led by the United Nations. This is a complex task that requires methods and processes which include a diversity of knowledge. For this reason, participatory approaches have been increasingly encouraged. A broad range of methods have been developed in the literature. However, debates on the effectiveness of the results, including questions on how different stakeholders influence results and how the context influences platform processes, remain theoretical. In this article, the authors evaluate the results of a participatory diagnosis aiming to identify the constraints and possible innovations to improve agricultural production in the Brahmi irrigation scheme in Tunisia. The process was implemented with individual interviews and focus groups operationalized through two types of platforms, ‘Community of Practice (CoP)' and ‘Learning and Practice Alliance (LPA)'. We highlighted that both CoP and LPA offer fruitful platforms for the interaction of all stakeholders. However, the results could be biased by the context and the expectations and strategies of powerful participants. Individual interviews are complementary to focus group results, especially in situations where open or latent conflicts exist. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian model comparison for time‐varying parameter VARs with stochastic volatility
Authors: Chan Joshua C. C. , Eisenstat Eric 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe develop importance sampling methods for computing two popular Bayesian model comparison criteria, namely, the marginal likelihood and the deviance information criterion (DIC) for time‐varying parameter vector autoregressions (TVP‐VARs), where both the regression coefficients and volatilities are drifting over time. The proposed estimators are based on the integrated likelihood, which are substantially more reliable than alternatives. Using US data, we find overwhelming support for the TVP‐VAR with stochastic volatility compared to a conventional constant coefficients VAR with homoskedastic innovations. Most of the gains, however, appear to have come from allowing for stochastic volatility rather than time variation in the VAR coefficients or contemporaneous relationships. Indeed, according to both criteria, a constant coefficients VAR with stochastic volatility outperforms the more general model with time‐varying parameters.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Bone Mineral Density: Evidence From a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study and a Candidate Gene Association Study
Authors: van Vliet Nicolien A , Noordam Raymond , van Klinken Jan B , Westendorp Rudi GJ , Bassett JH Duncan , Williams Graham R , van Heemst Diana 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

With population aging, prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and associated fracture risk are increased. To determine whether low circulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels within the normal range are causally related to BMD, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Furthermore, we tested whether common genetic variants in the TSH receptor (TSHR) gene and genetic variants influencing expression of TSHR (expression quantitative trait loci [eQTLs]) are associated with BMD. For both analyses, we used summary-level data of genomewide association studies (GWASs) investigating BMD of the femoral neck (n = 32,735) and the lumbar spine (n = 28,498) in cohorts of European ancestry from the Genetic Factors of Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium. For the MR study, we selected 20 genetic variants that were previously identified for circulating TSH levels in a GWAS meta-analysis (n = 26,420). All independent genetic instruments for TSH were combined in analyses for both femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD. In these studies, we found no evidence that a genetically determined 1–standard deviation (SD) decrease in circulating TSH concentration was associated with femoral neck BMD (0.003 SD decrease in BMD per SD decrease of TSH; 95% CI, –0.053 to 0.048; p = 0.92) or lumbar spine BMD (0.010 SD decrease in BMD per SD decrease of TSH; 95% CI, −0.069 to 0.049; p = 0.73). A total of 706 common genetic variants have been mapped to the TSHR locus and expression loci for TSHR. However, none of these genetic variants were associated with BMD at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. In conclusion, we found no evidence for a causal effect of circulating TSH on BMD, nor did we find any association between genetic variation at the TSHR locus or expression thereof and BMD. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by WileyPeriodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic plasma exchange: Experience in a third level hospital, 2013–2016, Lima (Peru)
Authors: Palma‐Garcia Luis , Velásquez‐Rimachi Victor , Pezo‐Pezo Armando , Roig Joseph , Perez‐Villegas Julio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal procedure which consists of removing the patient's plasma and replacing it with an appropriate replacement fluid. Plasma and blood cells are separated by a centrifugation process. Our department has used TPE for several years, and in 2013 we introduced an institutional apheresis protocol. The main objective of this report is to describe the TPE procedures performed between 2013 and 2016 in the Peruvian population.MethodsWe analyzed the technical and clinical aspects of 864 centrifugal TPE procedures as well as the associated complications. We evaluated 230 patients treated in our institution.ResultsThe therapeutic indications included 16 different diseases: 89.5% (N = 206/230) neurological, 7.3% (N = 17/230) hematological, 1.7% (N = 4/230) rheumatologic, 0.8% (N = 2/230) dermatological and 0.4% (N = 1/230) nephrological. 70.4% (N = 142/230) of patients were diagnosed with Guillain‐Barré syndrome. Albumin 5% solution was the most frequent replacement solution, used in 65.8% (N = 569/864) of the procedures. The mean plasma volume (PV) replaced was 2451.73 ml, corresponding to 1.0 PV in all procedures. Complications occurred in 10.9% (N = 95/864) of the sessions. Allergic reactions were the most common events and cardiopulmonary arrests were recorded in two patients.ConclusionThis is the first report of TPE performed in the Peruvian population. The use of an institutional apheresis protocol was beneficial to improve registries in our service and our professional health attention. This study reports a low rate of complications, suggesting that TPE is safe. There is a need to create a multicenter Peruvian apheresis registry to assess the benefits and risks of TPE in Peru.
Stemness and chemoresistance are imparted to the OC cells through TGFβ1 driven EMT
Authors: Mitra Tulika , Prasad Parash , Mukherjee Pritha , Chaudhuri Susri Ray , Chatterji Urmi , Roy Sib S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the fourth most common gynecological malignancy due to its highly aggressive, recurrent, and drug‐resistant nature. The last two features are rendered by the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Factors like TGFβ1 and their downstream signaling pathways are upregulated in most cancers and are known to induce EMT and stemness, but the exact mechanisms underlying the process remain unelucidated. In our study, TGFβ1 induced enhanced stem‐like properties like high expression of the pluripotent markers SOX2, OCT4a, and NANOG, along with CD44, and CD117 in the OC cells. In addition, increased activity of the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme, formation of compact spheroids, and a quiescent phenotype were observed. In deciphering the mechanism behind it, our data propose ZEB1 transcription factor to play a substantial role in inducing the EMT‐mediated stemness and chemoresistance. Further, in our study, we elucidated the significant contribution of both Smad and non‐Smad pathways like ERK, JNK, and P38 MAPK pathways in the induction of stem‐like characteristics. The novelty of the study also resides with the fact in the expression of different lineage‐specific markers, like CD31, CD45, and CD117 along with CD44 in the TGFβ1‐induced epithelial ovarian cancer spheroids. This suggests a tendency of the spheroidal cells towards differentiating into heterogenic populations, which is a distinctive feature of a stem cell. Taken together, the present study provides an insight to the molecular cues involved in the acquisition of stemness and chemoresistance along with tumor heterogeneity in TGFβ1‐induced OC cells.
Evaluation of the contribution of values clarification to a brief mindfulness meditation intervention for anxiety
Authors: Berghoff Christopher R. , Forsyth John P. , Ritzert Timothy R. , Eifert Georg H. , Anderson Drew A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the incremental effects of a computerized values clarification (VC) activity on anxiety symptomology and quality of life over and above establishment of a mindfulness meditation (MM) practice.MethodAnxious participants (N = 120, Female = 86; Mage = 22.26) were randomly assigned to a 2‐week, 10‐min daily MM practice + control task or a 2‐week, 10‐min daily MM practice + VC task. Pre‐assessments and post‐assessments included well‐established and ideographic self‐report measures.ResultsOverall decreases in past week and past 24‐h anxiety symptom frequency, as well as increased quality of life during the previous 24‐h cycle only. VC did not have a demonstrable impact on outcomes.ConclusionsThough findings are preliminary, brief VC exercises may not enhance outcomes that follow from mindfulness practice. Additional research is needed to isolate specific and shared impacts of mindfulness‐based and values‐based treatment strategies on anxiety symptoms and quality of life.
Using photovoice to treat trauma resulting from gender‐based violence
Authors: Christensen M. Candace 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this project is to demonstrate how photovoice action research (PVAR) aimed at addressing gender‐based violence (GBV) also responds to trauma resulting from GBV. I conducted a content analysis of 17 publications that use PVAR to address GBV to assess for how the PVAR projects also treat trauma symptoms. Briere and Scott's (2015) philosophical approach to trauma therapy is the conceptual framework for data analysis. I developed a priori codes aligned with the philosophical approach and deductively applied them to the data: (a) intrinsic processing; (b) respect, positive regard, and compassion; (c) hope; and (d) the pain paradox. The results reveal how data from the 17 PVAR studies correspond with the 4 philosophical concepts. Practical and research recommendations include using and evaluating PVAR as a tool to treat trauma and contribute to trauma treatment research with underrepresented communities.
Muscular responses to testosterone replacement vary by administration route: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Skinner Jared W. , Otzel Dana M. , Bowser Andrew , Nargi Daniel , Agarwal Sanjay , Peterson Mark D. , Zou Baiming , Borst Stephen E. , Yarrow Joshua F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundInconsistent fat‐free mass (FFM) and muscle strength responses have been reported in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) administering testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) to middle‐aged and older men. Our objective was to conduct a meta‐analysis to determine whether TRT improves FFM and muscle strength in middle‐aged and older men and whether the muscular responses vary by TRT administration route.MethodsSystematic literature searches of MEDLINE/PubMed and the Cochrane Library were conducted from inception through 31 March 2017 to identify double‐blind RCTs that compared intramuscular or transdermal TRT vs. placebo and that reported assessments of FFM or upper‐extremity or lower‐extremity strength. Studies were identified, and data were extracted and validated by three investigators, with disagreement resolved by consensus. Using a random effects model, individual effect sizes (ESs) were determined from 31 RCTs reporting FFM (sample size: n = 1213 TRT, n = 1168 placebo) and 17 reporting upper‐extremity or lower‐extremity strength (n = 2572 TRT, n = 2523 placebo). Heterogeneity was examined, and sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsWhen administration routes were collectively assessed, TRT was associated with increases in FFM [ES = 1.20 ± 0.15 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.49)], total body strength [ES = 0.90 ± 0.12 (0.67, 1.14)], lower‐extremity strength [ES = 0.77 ± 0.16 (0.45, 1.08)], and upper‐extremity strength [ES = 1.13 ± 0.18 (0.78, 1.47)] (P < 0.001 for all). When administration routes were evaluated separately, the ES magnitudes were larger and the per cent changes were 3–5 times greater for intramuscular TRT than for transdermal formulations vs. respective placebos, for all outcomes evaluated. Specifically, intramuscular TRT was associated with a 5.7% increase in FFM [ES = 1.49 ± 0.18 (1.13, 1.84)] and 10–13% increases in total body strength [ES = 1.39 ± 0.12 (1.15, 1.63)], lower‐extremity strength [ES = 1.39 ± 0.17 (1.07, 1.72)], and upper‐extremity strength [ES = 1.37 ± 0.17 (1.03, 1.70)] (P < 0.001 for all). In comparison, transdermal TRT was associated with only a 1.7% increase in FFM [ES = 0.98 ± 0.21 (0.58, 1.39)] and only 2–5% increases in total body [ES = 0.55 ± 0.17 (0.22, 0.88)] and upper‐extremity strength [ES = 0.97 ± 0.24 (0.50, 1.45)] (P < 0.001). Interestingly, transdermal TRT produced no change in lower‐extremity strength vs. placebo [ES = 0.26 ± 0.23 (−0.19, 0.70), P = 0.26]. Subanalyses of RCTs limiting enrolment to men ≥60 years of age produced similar results.ConclusionsIntramuscular TRT is more effective than transdermal formulations at increasing LBM and improving muscle strength in middle‐aged and older men, particularly in the lower extremities.
Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in tissue repair process
Authors: Allegrini Sergio , da Silva Antonio Carlos , Tsujita Maristela , Salles Marcos Barbosa , Gehrke Sergio Alexandre , Braga Francisco José Correa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSynthetic biomaterials submitted to new structural technologies have become ideal for the recovery of traumatized bone tissues and some bone substitutes such as bioactive glass, β‐Tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) are being used in areas of tissue defects. For this study, ACP was produced in the form of fibers and then submitted to cytotoxicity testing. A sample of ACP was inserted into the mandibular region of a patient with a lost implant so after removal and curettage, the remaining bone site was filled with the ACP biomaterial. Preliminary cytotoxicity test was negative. After 15 weeks of healing, a titanium implant was inserted at the site. Clinical and radiographic follow‐up was conducted for 12 months and sequential radiographic analyses revealed tissue formation resembling spongy bone. Images under immunohistochemistry demonstrated efficient deposition and osteoconduction of the newly deposited tissue. Residual portion of the CaO:P2O5outer layers served as a substrate for osteoid matrix deposition, aiding growth, and the results of fiber absorption favored maturation of the new bone tissue.