bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enteric Glia: S100, GFAP, and Beyond
Authors: Grundmann David , Loris Eva , Maas‐Omlor Silke , Huang Wenhui , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Schäfer Karl‐Herbert 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSince several years, the enteric nervous system (ENS) is getting more and more in the focus of gastrointestinal research. While the main interest was credited for years to the enteric neurons and their functional properties, less attention has been paid on the enteric glial cells (EGCs). Although the similarity of EGCs to central nervous system (CNS) astrocytes has been demonstrated a long time ago, EGCs were investigated in more detail only recently. Similar to the CNS, there is not “the” EGC, but also a broad range of diversity. Based on morphology and protein expression, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, or Proteolipid‐protein‐1 (PLP1), several distinct glial types can be differentiated. Their heterogeneity in morphology, localization, and transcription as well as interaction with surrounding cells indicate versatile functional properties of these cells for gut function in health and disease. Although NG2 is found in a subset of CNS glial cells, it did not colocalize with the glial marker S100 or GFAP in the ENS. Instead, it in part colocalize with PDGFRα, as it does in the CNS, which do stain fibroblast‐like cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, there seem to be species dependent differences. While GFAP is always found in the rodent ENS, this is completely different for the human gut. Only the compromised human ENS shows a significant amount of GFAP‐positive glial cells. So, in general we can conclude that the EGC population is species specific and as complex as CNS glia. Anat Rec, 302:1333–1344, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Predicting Incident Clinically Apparent Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sparks Jeffrey A. , He Xintong , Huang Jie , Fletcher Elaine A. , Zaccardelli Alessandra , Friedlander H. Maura , Gill Ritu R. , Hatabu Hiroto , Nishino Mizuki , Murphy David J. , Iannaccone Christine K. , Mahmoud Taysir G. , Frits Michelle L. , Lu Bing , Rosas Ivan O. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Shadick Nancy A. , Doyle Tracy J. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity and risk of RA‐associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD).MethodsWe investigated disease activity and risk of RA‐ILD using the Brigham RA Sequential Study (BRASS, 2003–2016). All patients were diagnosed as having RA according to accepted criteria. Disease Activity Scores in 28 joints (DAS28) and covariate data were measured prospectively at annual study visits. Diagnosis of RA‐ILD was determined by review of images from clinically indicated chest computed tomography scans. We analyzed patients without RA‐ILD at baseline. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for RA‐ILD, using annually updated DAS28 data, with adjustment for known RA‐ILD risk factors (age, sex, smoking status, RA duration, and serologic status). We performed alternative analyses that did not censor at the time of missing DAS28 data and included adjustment for use of methotrexate, use of glucocorticoids, presence of bone erosions, and presence of rheumatoid nodules.ResultsAmong 1,419 participants, the mean ± SD age was 55.8 ± 14.2 years, and 68.6% were seropositive for either cyclic citrullinated peptide or rheumatoid factor. We identified 85 incident cases of RA‐ILD during a mean ± SD follow‐up duration of 8.9 ± 4.2 years per patient. The moderate/high disease activity group had a multivariable HR of 2.22 (95% CI 1.28–3.82) for RA‐ILD compared to the remission/low disease activity group. Risk of RA‐ILD increased across disease activity categories: multivariable HR 1.00 (reference) for remission, 1.41 (95% CI 0.61–3.28) for low disease activity, 2.08 (95% CI 1.06–4.05) for moderate disease activity, and 3.48 (95% CI 1.64–7.38) for high disease activity (P for trend = 0.001). For each unit increase in the DAS28, the risk of RA‐ILD increased by 35% (95% CI 14–60%). Results were similar in analyses that included follow‐up for missing DAS28 data and with adjustment for use of methotrexate, use of glucocorticoids, presence of bone erosions, or presence of rheumatoid nodules.ConclusionActive articular RA was associated with an increased risk of developing RA‐ILD. These results suggest that decreasing systemic inflammation may alter the natural history of RA‐ILD development.
Reducing or Maintaining the Dose of Subcutaneous Tocilizumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Remission: A Randomized, Open‐Label Trial
Authors: Sanmarti Raimon , Veale Douglas J. , Martin‐Mola Emilio , Escudero‐Contreras Alejandro , González Carlos , Ercole Liliana , Alonso Rocío , Fonseca João E. ,   the ToSpace Study Group
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of increasing the dose interval of subcutaneous tocilizumab (TCZ‐SC) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who are in clinical remission.MethodsRA patients with active disease and an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) or to a biologic agent were entered into a single‐arm treatment phase with 162 mg of TCZ‐SC administered once weekly (TCZ‐SC 162 mg qw) as monotherapy or in combination with a csDMARD for 24 weeks. Patients who achieved clinical remission at weeks 20 and 24 were randomized to continue with the same regimen or to switch to 162 mg TCZ‐SC administered every 2 weeks (TCZ‐SC 162 mg q2w) for 24 weeks (open‐label). Patients with a Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28) of <2.6 were considered to be in clinical remission.ResultsIn total, 179 (45%) of 401 patients in the single‐arm phase achieved clinical remission and were randomized to continue to receive TCZ‐SC 162 mg qw (n = 89) or to switch to TCZ‐SC 162 mg q2w (n = 90) for 24 weeks. At week 48, significantly more patients treated with TCZ‐SC 162 mg qw remained in clinical remission compared to patients who received TCZ‐SC 162 mg q2w (90% versus 73%; P = 0.004). The results of other efficacy measures revealed greater efficacy with TCZ‐SC 162 mg qw, but none of the efficacy outcomes in this group were significantly different from those in patients treated with TCZ‐SC 162 mg q2w, except for the mean change from baseline in the DAS28 score at week 48 (mean change −4.07 points [SD 1.29] versus −3.65 points [SD 1.35]; P = 0.034). Tolerability and safety parameters were similar between the treatment groups.ConclusionIncreasing the dose interval of TCZ‐SC in patients with RA was associated with a lower likelihood of maintaining remission after 24 weeks and was not associated with better tolerability. However, most patients were able to sustain remission with a half‐dose of TCZ‐SC, and therefore this strategy deserves further investigation.
A review: Nanofibrous scaffold in possible prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease
Authors: Cheraghi Mostafa , Pooria Ali 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanofibrous scaffolds have potential to improve coronary stent applications by promoting endothelial recovery on the stent surface and aids regeneration of cardiac tissues. Presently, scaffolds fabricated via electro‐spinning are been widely used because of their ability to bio‐mimic the precise anatomical structure of the protein fibers. Properties like convenience to spin on several components and functionalization with several bioactive molecules have signify the use of nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review highlights some recent applications of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in the treatment and management of cardiac arterial diseases and engineering new cardiac tissues.
Neue Ergebnisse zu epoxidharzbasiertem Polymerfeinbeton mit und ohne GFK‐Bewehrung
Authors: Arendt Stephan , La Magna Riccardo , Schmeck Michel , Schmid Volker , Gengnagel Christoph 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolymerbeton stellt, analog zum klassischen zementgebundenen Beton, ein heterogenes Gemisch aus Zuschlag und Bindemittel dar. Eine Substitution des Zements durch Epoxidharz hat tiefgreifende Auswirkungen auf die mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften sowie auf Herstellungsprozesse. Aufgrund seiner hohen Druck‐ und Zugfestigkeit, guten chemischen Beständigkeit, seines guten Haftverbunds auf unterschiedlichsten Werkstoffen und seiner kurzen Erhärtungszeit wird Polymerbeton bisher vorwiegend für Reparaturen von Normalbetonen und bei aggressiven Umweltbedingungen eingesetzt. Notwendige bauaufsichtliche Zulassungen beschränken sich meist auf Druckbeanspruchungen im Polymerbeton oder exakte Bauteilspezifikationen. Die hier vorgestellte Forschung beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von GFK‐bewehrtem Polymerbeton zur Herstellung kaltgegossener lösbarer Verbindungsdetails in stabförmigen Tragwerken aus schlanken Holz‐ oder faserverstärkten Kunststoff‐Querschnitten. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst neue Forschungsergebnisse zu unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften von bewehrtem und unbewehrtem epoxidharzbasiertem Polymerfeinbeton vorgestellt. Basierend auf Druckversuchen an Prismen werden die Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher epoxidharzbasierter Polymerbetone in Abhängigkeit von den Komponenten Zuschlag, Bindemittel und Luftporengehalt dargestellt. Im Anschluss werden die mechanischen Eigenschaften unter Zug und Biegung präsentiert. Darüber hinaus wird ein Materialmodell zur Bestimmung des Elastizitätsmoduls von Polymerbetonen basierend auf der Zusammensetzung des Polymerbetons vorgestellt.
A Functionally Graded Cathode Architecture for Extending the Cycle‐Life of Potassium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Gilmore Paul , Sundaresan Vishnu B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPotassium‐Oxygen (K−O2) batteries have a high theoretical energy density of 935 Wh kg−1 due to a single‐electron redox process in the reversible formation of potassium superoxide. Despite this advantage, standard K−O2 batteries have limited cycle‐life (5‐10) due to molecular oxygen crossover from cathode to anode, resulting in side reactions forming undesired superoxide on the anode. In this article, a K−O2 battery fabricated with a functionally‐graded cathode (FGC) architecture is presented to address oxygen crossover at the cathode. This K−O2 battery lasts >125 cycles with minimal loss in coulombic efficiency when charged/discharged to 300 μAh (238 μAh cm−2). The FGC is comprised of a carbon fiber layer, microporous carbon and polypyrrole doped with hexafluorophosphate. It provides a scalable architecture for regulating K+ ion and oxygen transport at the cathode trilayer (liquid‐solid‐air) interface. The PPy(PF6) formed on the cathode is observed to have an ORR rate two orders greater than that of carbon‐based electrodes, as it promotes the reversible formation of potassium superoxide at the cathode, minimizes the transport of molecular oxygen into the electrolyte, and subsequently improves anode stability and cycle‐life of the K−O2 battery. These improvements in performance with FGC come at a marginal increase in K−O2 battery material cost, which is estimated to be $44 kWh−1. The combination of performance and cost kWh−1 makes this architecture the most cost‐effective electrochemical energy storage device for stationary applications.
Biomass catalytic gasification performance over unsupported Ni‐Ce catalyst for high‐yield hydrogen production
Authors: Granados‐Fernández Rafael , Cortés‐Reyes Marina , Poggio‐Fraccari Eduardo , Herrera Concepción , Larrubia María Á. , Alemany Luis J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCatalytic gasification of a residual biomass, obtained from yellow horn (YH) (Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge), an energy crop, was conducted to obtain a fuel gas rich in hydrogen. Unsupported nickel‐based catalyst modified with cerium was developed, characterized, and used in the advanced catalytic gasification of this residual biomass, using H2O + CO2 as the gasifying agent. Tests were performed in a thermobalance coupled to a mass spectrometer to identify the different steps involved in the gasification process and to correlate them with the estimated kinetic parameters. The sequential processes identified were: dehydration‐devolatilization, pyrolysis and gasification. The main pyrolysis step presented a calculated activation energy value of 102 kJ mol−1. A positive effect was observed for the catalyst in the syngas obtained. A synergistic effect of CO2 and H2O used as gasifying agents was found in the gas yield. Hydrogen production was promoted by several reforming and cracking reactions, aided by CeO2‐NiO catalyst able to co‐activate H2O + CO2. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Membrane‐assisted biorefinery of microalgae to obtain enriched fractions of bioderived molecules
Authors: Djamai Wissam , Mazzei Rosalinda , Bazzarelli Fabio , Dahmani Benamar , Giorno Lidietta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroalgae represent an important source of valuable bioproducts (such as food, nutraceuticals, antioxidants, and pigments) and biofuel. They grow spontaneously in surface water and represent a contaminant that has to be separated. There is thus an urgent need to develop technologies to harvest and refine them. Depending on the microalgae species, different biocompounds can be found and appropriate separation and purification methods must be refined and selected. In this work, microalgae harvested in the Hammam Boughrara dam, situated in Tlemcen (north‐west of Algeria), were used as source to recover and fractionate bio‐derived molecules using membrane‐assisted processes. This study identified a suitable strategy to fractionate biomolecules using ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. To maintain a stable permeate flux it was necessary to decrease the complexity of the solution prior to UF. This was achieved by separating triacylglycerols (TAGs) and pigments, after breaking cells, by solid–liquid–liquid extraction with a green solvent. The UF of the remaining aqueous phase permitted a recovery factor of 70% of the proteins and more than 85% of the carbohydrates in the retentate. The TAGs that were not recovered in the green solvent, and remained in the aqueous phase, were separated in the permeate with a purity of about 70% and a recovery factor of about 60%. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Association of IFT88 gene variants with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Authors: Barba Amanda , Urbina Christian , Maili Lorena , Greives Matthew R. , Blackwell Steven J. , Mulliken John B. , Chiquet Brett , Blanton Susan H. , Hecht Jacqueline T. , Letra Ariadne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) is a common birth defect with multifactorial etiology. Genetic studies have identified numerous gene variants in association with NSCLP. IFT88 (intraflagellar transport 88) has been suggested to play a major role in craniofacial development, as Ift88 mutant mice exhibit cleft palate and mutations in IFT88 were identified in individuals with NSCLP.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of IFT88 single nucleotide gene variants (SNVs) with NSCLP in a large family data set consisting of non‐Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanic families.MethodsNine SNVs in/nearby IFT88 were genotyped in 482 NHW families and 301 Hispanic NSCLP families. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan® chemistry. Single‐ and pairwise‐SNV association analyses were performed for all families stratified by ethnicity and family history of NSCLP using the family‐based association test (FBAT), and association in the presence of linkage (APL). Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple testing and p values ≤.0055 were considered statistically significant.ResultsSignificant association was found between IFT88 rs9509311 and rs2497490 and NSCLP in NHW all families (p = .004 and .005, respectively), while nominal associations were found for rs7998361 and rs9509307 (p < .05). Pairwise association analyses also showed nominal associations between NSCLP in both NHW and Hispanic data sets (p < .05). No association was found between individual variants in IFT88 and NSCLP in Hispanics.ConclusionsOur results suggest that variation in IFT88 may contribute to NSCLP risk, particularly in multiplex families from a non‐Hispanic white population.
Reversing ROS‐mediated neurotoxicity by chlorogenic acid involves its direct antioxidant activity and activation of Nrf2‐ARE signaling pathway
Authors: Yao Juan , Peng Shoujiao , Xu Jianqiang , Fang Jianguo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChlorogenic acid (CA), the ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid, is one of the most abundant polyphenols in coffee, and has multiple pharmacological functions. The present study is designed to explore the protection provided by CA against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative damages in the rat pheochromocytoma cells, and the underlying mechanisms engaged in this process. CA displays robust free radical‐scavenging activity in vitro. More importantly, CA strikingly rescues the cells from the H2O2‐mediated oxidative insults. Mechanistic studies revealed that CA upregulates a panel of phase II cytoprotective species, such as heme oxygenase‐1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, glutathione, thioredoxin reductase 1, and thioredoxin 1. This neuroprotection is dependent on the activation of the transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), as knockdown of Nrf2 abolishes such effect. Our results demonstrate that CA provides dual neuroprotection via directly neutralizing free radicals and indirectly inducing expression of Nrf2‐driven cytoprotective enzymes, and suggest a potential therapeutic usage of CA as a neuroprotective agent. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and our discovery may also contribute to understanding the beneficial effects of regular coffee consumption. © 2019 BioFactors, 45 (4):616–626, 2019
Antibacterial mechanisms of GN‐2 derived peptides and peptoids against Escherichia coli
Authors: Saporito Paola , Mojsoska Biljana , Løbner Olesen Anders , Jenssen Håvard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEscherichia coli is the main etiological agent of urinary trait infections, able to form biofilms in indwelling devices, resulting in chronic infections which are refractory to antibiotics treatment. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm properties exerted against E. coli ATCC 25922, by a set of peptoids and peptides modeled upon the peptide GN‐2, previously reported as a valid antimicrobial agent. The putative antimicrobials were designed to evaluate the effect of cationicity, hydrophobicity and their partitioning on the overall properties against planktonic cells and biofilms as well as on LPS binding, permeabilization of Gram‐negative bacteria membranes and hemolysis. The data demonstrated that peptides are stronger antimicrobials than the analogue peptoids which in return have superior anti‐biofilm properties. In this study, we present evidence that peptides antimicrobial activity correlates with enhanced LPS binding and hydrophobicity but is not affected by partitioning. The data demonstrated that the enhanced anti‐biofilm properties of the peptoids are associated with decreased hydrophobicity and increased penetration of the inner membrane, compared to that of their peptide counterpart, suggesting that the characteristic flexibility of peptoids or their lack of H‐bonding donors in their backbone, would play a role in their ability to penetrate bacterial membranes.
Risk of immune‐related pneumonitis for PD1/PD‐L1 inhibitors: Systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yafang , Fan Haiyu , Li Ning , Du Juan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmune‐related pneumonitis is a clinically relevant and potentially life‐threatening adverse event. We performed a systematic review and network meta‐analysis to compare the risk of immune‐related pneumonitis among different PD1/PD‐L1 inhibitor‐related therapeutic regimens.MethodsRandomized controlled trials with PD1/PD‐L1 inhibitors were identified through comprehensive searches of multiple databases. Both published and unpublished data were extracted. Bayesian NMA was performed using random‐effects models. All‐grade (Grade 1‐5) and high‐grade (Grade 3‐5) immune‐related pneumonitis were estimated using odds ratios (ORs).ResultsA total of 25 studies involving 16 005 patients were included. Compared with chemotherapy, the ORs of immune‐related all‐grade and high‐grade pneumonitis were significant for nivolumab (all‐grade: OR = 6.29, 95% CrI: 2.67‐16.75; high‐grade: OR = 5.95, 95% CrI: 2.35‐17.29), pembrolizumab (all‐grade: OR = 5.78, 95% CrI: 2.79‐13.24; high‐grade: OR = 5.33, 95% CrI: 2.49‐12.97), and nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy (all‐grade: OR = 14.82, 95% CrI: 5.48‐47.97; high‐grade: OR = 15.26, 95% CrI: 5.05‐55.52). Compared with nivolumab, nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy was associated with an increased risk of all‐grade pneumonitis (OR = 2.34, 95% CrI: 1.07‐5.77). Nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy had the highest risk of both all‐grade and high‐grade pneumonitis among PD1/PD‐L1 inhibitor‐related therapeutic regimens.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that compared with chemotherapy, PD‐1 inhibitor may result in a higher risk of immune‐related pneumonitis. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy had the highest pneumonitis risk. These findings could be taken into account by the physicians in decision making.
Determinants of quality prostate cancer survivorship care across the primary and specialty care interface: Lessons from the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Radhakrishnan Archana , Henry Jennifer , Zhu Kevin , Hawley Sarah T. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Hofer Timothy , Wittmann Daniela A. , Sales Anne E. , Skolarus Ted A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWith over 3 million US prostate cancer survivors, ensuring high‐quality, coordinated cancer survivorship care is important. However, implementation of recommended team‐based cancer care has lagged, and determinants of quality care across primary and specialty care remain unclear. Guided by the theoretical domains framework (TDF), we explored multidisciplinary determinants of quality survivorship care in an integrated delivery system.MethodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with primary (4) and specialty (7) care providers across 6 Veterans Health Administration clinic sites. Using template analysis, we coded interview transcripts into the TDF, mapping statements to specific constructs within each domain. We assessed whether each construct was perceived a barrier or facilitator, examining results for both primary care providers (PCPs) and prostate cancer specialists.ResultsCancer specialists and PCPs identified 2 primary TDF domains impacting their prostate cancer survivorship care: Knowledge and Environmental context and resources. Both groups noted knowledge (about survivorship care) and procedural knowledge (about how to deliver survivorship care) as positive determinants or facilitators, whereas resources/material resources (to deliver survivorship care) was noted as a negative determinant or barrier to care. Additional domains more commonly referenced by cancer specialists included Social/professional role and identity and Goals, while PCPs reported the domain Beliefs about capabilities as relevant.ConclusionsWe used the TDF to identify several behavioral domains acting as determinants of high‐quality, team‐based prostate cancer survivorship care. These results can inform prostate cancer survivorship care plan content, and may guide tailored, multidisciplinary implementation strategies to improve survivorship care across the primary and specialty care interface.