bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bleaching forces coral’s heterotrophy on diazotrophs and Synechococcus
Authors: Meunier Valentine , Bonnet Sophie , Pernice Mathieu , Benavides Mar , Lorrain Anne , Grosso Olivier , Lambert Christophe , Houlbrèque Fanny 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Coral reefs are threatened by global warming, which disrupts the symbiosis between corals and their photosynthetic symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae), leading to mass coral bleaching. Planktonic diazotrophs or dinitrogen (N2)-fixing prokaryotes are abundant in coral lagoon waters and could be an alternative nutrient source for corals. Here we incubated untreated and bleached coral colonies of Stylophora pistillata with a 15N2-pre-labelled natural plankton assemblage containing diazotrophs. 15N2 assimilation rates in Symbiodiniaceae cells and tissues of bleached corals were 5- and 30-fold higher, respectively, than those measured in untreated corals, demonstrating that corals incorporate more nitrogen derived from planktonic diazotrophs under bleaching conditions. Bleached corals also preferentially fed on Synechococcus, nitrogen-rich picophytoplanktonic cells, instead of Prochlorococcus and picoeukaryotes, which have a lower cellular nitrogen content. By providing an alternative source of bioavailable nitrogen, both the incorporation of nitrogen derived from planktonic diazotrophs and the ingestion of Synechococcus may have profound consequences for coral bleaching recovery, especially for the many coral reef ecosystems characterized by high abundance and activity of planktonic diazotrophs.
Mixed-halide perovskite synthesis by chemical reaction and crystal nucleation under an optical potential
Authors: Islam Md Jahidul , Yuyama Ken-ichi , Takahashi Kiyonori , Nakamura Takayoshi , Konishi Katsuaki , Biju Vasudevanpillai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of new methods to engineer lead halide perovskite crystals with a controlled band gap and emission properties is an active subject in materials science and chemistry. We present the preparation of mixed-halide lead perovskites by spatially- and temporally- controlled chemical reactions and crystal growth under an optical potential in unsaturated precursor solutions. The crystals are characterized by transmission and photoluminescence spectral measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis. When compared with the spontaneous formation of multiple crystals in saturated precursor solutions, the optical potential creates large single crystals with a high chloride composition, providing distinct blue and green fluorescent crystals of chloride–bromide lead perovskites. We discuss the formation of mixed-halide perovskites from the viewpoints of an increased rate of chemical reaction via the formation and desolvation of precursor complexes and a decreased free energy potential.
Self-assembly of correlated (Ti, V)O2 superlattices with tunable lamella periods by kinetically enhanced spinodal decomposition
Authors: Park Jaeseoung , Kim Gi-Yeop , Song Kyung , Choi Si-Young , Son Junwoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpinodal decomposition, the spontaneous phase separation process of periodic lamellae at the nanometer scale, of correlated oxide ((Ti, V)O2) systems offers a sophisticated route to achieve a new class of mesoscale structures in the form of self-assembled superlattices for possible applications using steep metal–insulator transitions. Here, we achieve the tunable self-assembly of (Ti, V)O2 superlattices with steep transitions (ΔTMI < 5 K) by spinodal decomposition with accurate control of the growth parameters without conventional layer-by-layer growth. Abrupt compositional modulation with alternating Ti-rich and V-rich layers spontaneously occurs along the growth direction because in-plane lattice mismatch is smaller in this direction than in other directions. An increase in the film growth rate thickens periodic alternating lamellae; the phase separation can be kinetically enhanced by adatom impingement during two-dimensional growth, demonstrating that the interplay between mass transport and uphill diffusion yields highly periodic (Ti, V)O2 superlattices with tunable lamellar periods. Our results for creating correlated (Ti, V)O2 oxide superlattices provide a new bottom-up strategy to design rutile oxide tunable nanostructures and present opportunities to design new material platforms for electronic and photonic applications with correlated oxide systems.
Interface-mediated Kirkendall effect and nanoscale void migration in bimetallic nanoparticles during interdiffusion
Authors: Chee See Wee , Wong Zicong Marvin , Baraissov Zhaslan , Tan Shu Fen , Tan Teck Leong , Mirsaidov Utkur 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt elevated temperatures, bimetallic nanomaterials change their morphologies because of the interdiffusion of atomic species, which also alters their properties. The Kirkendall effect (KE) is a well-known phenomenon associated with such interdiffusion. Here, we show how KE can manifest in bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by following core–shell NPs of Au and Pd during heat treatment with in situ transmission electron microscopy. Unlike monometallic NPs, these core–shell NPs did not evolve into hollow core NPs. Instead, nanoscale voids formed at the bimetallic interface and then, migrated to the NP surface. Our results show that: (1) the direction of vacancy flow during interdiffusion reverses due to the higher vacancy formation energy of Pd compared to Au, and (2) nanoscale voids migrate during heating, contrary to conventional assumptions of immobile voids and void shrinkage through vacancy emission. Our results illustrate how void behavior in bimetallic NPs can differ from an idealized picture based on atomic fluxes and have important implications for the design of these materials for high-temperature applications.
Loss of the transcription factor RBPJ induces disease-promoting properties in brain pericytes
Authors: Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Kato Katsuhiro , Giaimo Benedetto Daniele , Nieminen-Kelhä Melina , Arf Hendrik , Ferrante Francesca , Bartkuhn Marek , Zimmermann Tobias , Bixel M. Gabriele , Eilken Hanna M. , Adams Susanne , Borggrefe Tilman , Vajkoczy Peter , Adams Ralf H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSufficient vascular supply is indispensable for brain development and function, whereas dysfunctional blood vessels are associated with human diseases such as vascular malformations, stroke or neurodegeneration. Pericytes are capillary-associated mesenchymal cells that limit vascular permeability and protect the brain by preserving blood-brain barrier integrity. Loss of pericytes has been linked to neurodegenerative changes in genetically modified mice. Here, we report that postnatal inactivation of the Rbpj gene, encoding the transcription factor RBPJ, leads to alteration of cell identity markers in brain pericytes, increases local TGFβ signalling, and triggers profound changes in endothelial behaviour. These changes, which are not mimicked by pericyte ablation, imperil vascular stability and induce the acquisition of pathological landmarks associated with cerebral cavernous malformations. In adult mice, loss of Rbpj results in bigger stroke lesions upon ischemic insult. We propose that brain pericytes can acquire deleterious properties that actively enhance vascular lesion formation and promote pathogenic processes.
Isolating hydrogen in hexagonal boron nitride bubbles by a plasma treatment
Authors: He Li , Wang Huishan , Chen Lingxiu , Wang Xiujun , Xie Hong , Jiang Chengxin , Li Chen , Elibol Kenan , Meyer Jannik , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wu Zhangting , Wang Wenhui , Ni Zhenhua , Miao Xiangshui , Zhang Chi , Zhang Daoli , Wang Haomin , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAtomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often regarded as an elastic film that is impermeable to gases. The high stabilities in thermal and chemical properties allow h-BN to serve as a gas barrier under extreme conditions. Here, we demonstrate the isolation of hydrogen in bubbles of h-BN via plasma treatment. Detailed characterizations reveal that the substrates do not show chemical change after treatment. The bubbles are found to withstand thermal treatment in air, even at 800 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that the h-BN multilayer has a unique aligned porous stacking nature, which is essential for the character of being transparent to atomic hydrogen but impermeable to hydrogen molecules. In addition, we successfully demonstrated the extraction of hydrogen gases from gaseous compounds or mixtures containing hydrogen element. The successful production of hydrogen bubbles on h-BN flakes has potential for further application in nano/micro-electromechanical systems and hydrogen storage.
Identification of a potent benzoxaborole drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Lunde Christopher S. , Stebbins Erin E. , Jumani Rajiv S. , Hasan Md Mahmudul , Miller Peter , Barlow John , Freund Yvonne R. , Berry Pamela , Stefanakis Rianna , Gut Jiri , Rosenthal Philip J. , Love Melissa S. , McNamara Case W. , Easom Eric , Plattner Jacob J. , Jacobs Robert T. , Huston Christopher D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea in young children and causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients, but the only approved treatment is ineffective in malnourished children and immunocompromised people. We here use a drug repositioning strategy and identify a promising anticryptosporidial drug candidate. Screening a library of benzoxaboroles comprised of analogs to four antiprotozoal chemical scaffolds under pre-clinical development for neglected tropical diseases forCryptosporidiumgrowth inhibitors identifies the 6-carboxamide benzoxaborole AN7973. AN7973 blocks intracellular parasite development, appears to be parasiticidal, and potently inhibits the twoCryptosporidiumspecies most relevant to human health,C. parvumandC. hominis. It is efficacious in murine models of both acute and established infection, and in a neonatal dairy calf model of cryptosporidiosis. AN7973 also possesses favorable safety, stability, and PK parameters, and therefore, is an exciting drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis.
Improving risk assessments in conservation ecology
Authors: Ono Kotaro , Langangen Øystein , Stenseth Nils Chr. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConservation efforts and management decisions on the living environment of our planet often rely on the results from statistical models. Yet, these models are imperfect and quantification of risk associated with the estimate of management-relevant quantities becomes crucial in providing robust advice. Here we demonstrate that estimates of risk themselves could be substantially biased but by combining data fitting with an extensive simulation–estimation procedure, one can back-calculate the correct values. We apply the method to 627 time series of population abundance across four taxa using the Gompertz state-space model as an example. We find that the risk of large bias in population status estimate increases with the species’ growth rate, population variability, weaker density dependence, and shorter time series, across taxa. We urge scientists dealing with conservation and management to adopt a similar approach to ensure a more accurate estimate of risk measures and contribute towards a precautionary approach to management.
Quantitative single-cell live imaging links HES5 dynamics with cell-state and fate in murine neurogenesis
Authors: Manning Cerys S. , Biga Veronica , Boyd James , Kursawe Jochen , Ymisson Bodvar , Spiller David G. , Sanderson Christopher M. , Galla Tobias , Rattray Magnus , Papalopulu Nancy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring embryogenesis cells make fate decisions within complex tissue environments. The levels and dynamics of transcription factor expression regulate these decisions. Here, we use single cell live imaging of an endogenous HES5 reporter and absolute protein quantification to gain a dynamic view of neurogenesis in the embryonic mammalian spinal cord. We report that dividing neural progenitors show both aperiodic and periodic HES5 protein fluctuations. Mathematical modelling suggests that in progenitor cells the HES5 oscillator operates close to its bifurcation boundary where stochastic conversions between dynamics are possible. HES5 expression becomes more frequently periodic as cells transition to differentiation which, coupled with an overall decline in HES5 expression, creates a transient period of oscillations with higher fold expression change. This increases the decoding capacity of HES5 oscillations and correlates with interneuron versus motor neuron cell fate. Thus, HES5 undergoes complex changes in gene expression dynamics as cells differentiate.
Bioinspired extracellular vesicles embedded with black phosphorus for molecular recognition-guided biomineralization
Authors: Wang Yingqian , Hu Xiaoxia , Zhang Lingling , Zhu Chunli , Wang Jie , Li Yingxue , Wang Yulan , Wang Can , Zhang Yufeng , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in the regulation of cell physiological activity and the reconstruction of extracellular environment. Matrix vesicles (MVs) are a type of EVs released by bone-related functional cells, and they participate in the regulation of cell mineralization. Here, we report bioinspired MVs embedded with black phosphorus (BP) and functionalized with cell-specific aptamer (denoted as Apt-bioinspired MVs) for stimulating biomineralization. The aptamer can direct bioinspired MVs to targeted cells, and the increasing concentration of inorganic phosphate originating from BP can facilitate cell biomineralization. The photothermal effect of the Apt-bioinspired MVs can also promote the biomineralization process by stimulating the upregulated expression of heat shock proteins and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, the Apt-bioinspired MVs display outstanding bone regeneration performance. Our strategy provides a method for designing bionic tools to study the mechanisms of biological processes and advance the development of medical engineering.
The repressive role of Arabidopsis H2A.Z in transcriptional regulation depends on AtBMI1 activity
Authors: Gómez-Zambrano Ángeles , Merini Wiam , Calonje Myriam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractH2A.Z variant has emerged as a critical player in regulating plant responses to environment; however, the mechanism by which H2A.Z mediates this regulation remains unclear. In Arabidopsis, H2A.Z has been proposed to have opposite effects on transcription depending on its localization within the gene. These opposite roles have been assigned by correlating gene expression and H2A.Z enrichment analyses but without considering the impact of possible H2A.Z post-translational modifications. Here, we show that H2A.Z can be monoubiquitinated by the PRC1 components AtBMI1A/B/C. The incorporation of this modification is required for H2A.Z-mediated transcriptional repression through a mechanism that does not require PRC2 activity. Our data suggest that the dual role of H2A.Z in regulating gene expression depends on the modification that it carries, while the levels of H2A.Z within genes depend on the transcriptional activity.
Mesophyll porosity is modulated by the presence of functional stomata
Authors: Lundgren Marjorie R. , Mathers Andrew , Baillie Alice L. , Dunn Jessica , Wilson Matthew J. , Hunt Lee , Pajor Radoslaw , Fradera-Soler Marc , Rolfe Stephen , Osborne Colin P. , Sturrock Craig J. , Gray Julie E. , Mooney Sacha J. , Fleming Andrew J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe formation of stomata and leaf mesophyll airspace must be coordinated to establish an efficient and robust network that facilitates gas exchange for photosynthesis, however the mechanism by which this coordinated development occurs remains unclear. Here, we combine microCT and gas exchange analyses with measures of stomatal size and patterning in a range of wild, domesticated and transgenic lines of wheat and Arabidopsis to show that mesophyll airspace formation is linked to stomatal function in both monocots and eudicots. Our results support the hypothesis that gas flux via stomatal pores influences the degree and spatial patterning of mesophyll airspace formation, and indicate that this relationship has been selected for during the evolution of modern wheat. We propose that the coordination of stomata and mesophyll airspace pattern underpins water use efficiency in crops, providing a target for future improvement.
A split fluorescent reporter with rapid and reversible complementation
Authors: Tebo Alison G. , Gautier Arnaud 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInteractions between proteins play an essential role in metabolic and signaling pathways, cellular processes and organismal systems. We report the development of splitFAST, a fluorescence complementation system for the visualization of transient protein-protein interactions in living cells. Engineered from the fluorogenic reporter FAST (Fluorescence-Activating and absorption-Shifting Tag), which specifically and reversibly binds fluorogenic hydroxybenzylidene rhodanine (HBR) analogs, splitFAST displays rapid and reversible complementation, allowing the real-time visualization of both the formation and the dissociation of a protein assembly.
A single-nucleus RNA-sequencing pipeline to decipher the molecular anatomy and pathophysiology of human kidneys
Authors: Lake Blue B. , Chen Song , Hoshi Masato , Plongthongkum Nongluk , Salamon Diane , Knoten Amanda , Vijayan Anitha , Venkatesh Ramakrishna , Kim Eric H. , Gao Derek , Gaut Joseph , Zhang Kun , Jain Sanjay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDefining cellular and molecular identities within the kidney is necessary to understand its organization and function in health and disease. Here we demonstrate a reproducible method with minimal artifacts for single-nucleus Droplet-based RNA sequencing (snDrop-Seq) that we use to resolve thirty distinct cell populations in human adult kidney. We define molecular transition states along more than ten nephron segments spanning two major kidney regions. We further delineate cell type-specific expression of genes associated with chronic kidney disease, diabetes and hypertension, providing insight into possible targeted therapies. This includes expression of a hypertension-associated mechano-sensory ion channel in mesangial cells, and identification of proximal tubule cell populations defined by pathogenic expression signatures. Our fully optimized, quality-controlled transcriptomic profiling pipeline constitutes a tool for the generation of healthy and diseased molecular atlases applicable to clinical samples.
STING induces early IFN-β in the liver and constrains myeloid cell-mediated dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus
Authors: Tegtmeyer Pia-Katharina , Spanier Julia , Borst Katharina , Becker Jennifer , Riedl André , Hirche Christoph , Ghita Luca , Skerra Jennifer , Baumann Kira , Lienenklaus Stefan , Doering Marius , Ruzsics Zsolt , Kalinke Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCytomegalovirus is a DNA-encoded β-herpesvirus that induces STING-dependent type 1 interferon responses in macrophages and uses myeloid cells as a vehicle for dissemination. Here we report that STING knockout mice are as resistant to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection as wild-type controls, whereas mice with a combined Toll-like receptor/RIG-I-like receptor/STING signaling deficiency do not mount type 1 interferon responses and succumb to the infection. Although STING alone is dispensable for survival, early IFN-β induction in Kupffer cells is STING-dependent and controls early hepatic virus propagation. Infection experiments with an inducible reporter MCMV show that STING constrains MCMV replication in myeloid cells and limits viral dissemination via these cells. By contrast, restriction of viral dissemination from hepatocytes to other organs is independent of STING. Thus, during MCMV infection STING is involved in early IFN-β induction in Kupffer cells and the restriction of viral dissemination via myeloid cells, whereas it is dispensable for survival.
LobSig is a multigene predictor of outcome in invasive lobular carcinoma
Authors: McCart Reed Amy E. , Lal Samir , Kutasovic Jamie R. , Wockner Leesa , Robertson Alan , de Luca Xavier M. , Kalita-de Croft Priyakshi , Dalley Andrew J. , Coorey Craig P. , Kuo Luyu , Ferguson Kaltin , Niland Colleen , Miller Gregory , Johnson Julie , Reid Lynne E. , Males Renique , Saunus Jodi M. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Coin Lachlan , Lakhani Sunil R. , Simpson Peter T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common special type of breast cancer, and is characterized by functional loss of E-cadherin, resulting in cellular adhesion defects. ILC typically present as estrogen receptor positive, grade 2 breast cancers, with a good short-term prognosis. Several large-scale molecular profiling studies have now dissected the unique genomics of ILC. We have undertaken an integrative analysis of gene expression and DNA copy number to identify novel drivers and prognostic biomarkers, using in-house (n = 25), METABRIC (n = 125) and TCGA (n = 146) samples. Using in silico integrative analyses, a 194-gene set was derived that is highly prognostic in ILC (P = 1.20 × 10−5)—we named this metagene ‘LobSig’. Assessing a 10-year follow-up period, LobSig outperformed the Nottingham Prognostic Index, PAM50 risk-of-recurrence (Prosigna), OncotypeDx, and Genomic Grade Index (MapQuantDx) in a stepwise, multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, particularly in grade 2 ILC cases (χ2, P = 9.0 × 10−6), which are difficult to prognosticate clinically. Importantly, LobSig status predicted outcome with 94.6% accuracy amongst cases classified as ‘moderate-risk’ according to Nottingham Prognostic Index in the METABRIC cohort. Network analysis identified few candidate pathways, though genesets related to proliferation were identified, and a LobSig-high phenotype was associated with the TCGA proliferative subtype (χ2, P < 8.86 × 10−4). ILC with a poor outcome as predicted by LobSig were enriched with mutations in ERBB2, ERBB3, TP53, AKT1 and ROS1. LobSig has the potential to be a clinically relevant prognostic signature and warrants further development.
Primary care implications of the British Thoracic Society Guidelines for bronchiectasis in adults 2019
Authors: Gruffydd-Jones Kevin , Keeley Duncan , Knowles Vikki , Recabarren Ximena , Woodward Alex , Sullivan Anita L. , Loebinger Michael R. , Payne Karen , Harvey Alex , Grillo Lizzie , Welham Sally A. , Hill Adam T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe British Thoracic Society (BTS) Guidelines for Bronchiectasis in adults were published in January 2019, and comprise recommendations for treatment from primary to tertiary care. Here, we outline the practical implications of these guidelines for primary care practitioners. A diagnosis of bronchiectasis should be considered when a patient presents with a recurrent or persistent (>8 weeks) productive cough. A definitive diagnosis is made by using thin-section chest computed tomography (CT). Once diagnosed, patients should be initially assessed by a specialist respiratory team and a shared management plan formulated with the patient, the specialist and primary care teams. The cornerstone of primary care management is physiotherapy to improve airway sputum clearance and maximise exercise capacity, with prompt treatment of acute exacerbations with antibiotics.