bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Degreasing – Finding a New Solution to an Old Problem
Authors: Stemmer David , Kehagias Odi 
Published: June 2018

The South Australian Museum boasts the largest and most comprehensive cetacean collection in Australia, including various large cetacean skeletons. The preparation of these skeletons was done at various locations throughout the history of the Museum until the state government funded a purpose-built preparation facility which opened in 1983.
The well-equipped centre was fitted with a large (2800 L) custom-built liquid-vapour degreaser that used trichloroethylene (TCE) as solvent. Many beautifully degreased skeletons, including a 22 m pygmy blue whale, were prepared during its 15-year operation. An accidental spill of TCE in 1999 led to the decommissioning of the unit.
The decision to abandon the use of the toxic and dangerous TCE has led to a series of experiments to find a benign replacement process that will work either with the existing degreaser or heated maceration vats. Numerous chemicals and treatment methods have been trialled with limited success. However, one particular group of chemicals, glycol ether surfactant compounds, has shown promise and has been the main focus for our ongoing studies.
Glycol ethers are broad-spectrum active solvents characterised by high dilution ratios, low evaporation rates and wide solubility range. Their unique solubility characteristics also allow them to be used as a coupling solvent in more complex situations containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components, and because of their compatibility with non-ionic surfactants, blended formulations with glycol ether solvents may provide a new solution to an old problem.
Replacement of Formalin-Acetic Acid-Alcohol Solution (FAA) in Herbarium Spirit Collections
Authors: Collins Bronwyn , Palmer Jo , Toms Emma , Zich Frank 
Published: June 2018

FAA was used as a fixative and preservative for plant fruit, flowers and other parts pre-1992 at the Australian National Herbarium in Canberra and the Australian Tropical Herbarium in Cairns. In total, approximately 15,000 bottles contained FAA solution. In 2012, the Hazardous Substance classification for formaldehyde was changed from Category 3 to Category 2 in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) as it is now considered that it is probably carcinogenic in humans following inhalation exposure. The basis for lowering the current exposure standard was to provide protection against both sensory irritation and cancer. In response to these changes a FAA replacement program was developed that focused on worker safety during replacement by minimising exposure and managing the manual handling risks of the work, whilst also ensuring best-practice curatorial outcomes for the specimens.
An overview of goals achieved and the lessons learned along the way will be discussed. We hope these may be useful to other collections managers planning formaldehyde replacement programs in their institutions.
Efficient Digitisation of Unaccessioned Specimens in a Large Vertebrate Fossil Collection to Enhance Data Quality and Mitigate Risk
Authors: Ziegler Tim , Day Jessica , Herbu Karina , Blyth-McHale Marie 
Published: June 2018

The Museums Victoria (NMV) Vertebrate Palaeontology Collection holds more than 130,000 specimens, including the single largest collection of vertebrate fossils from the state of Victoria, Australia. Accessioned specimens make up around one third of the collection; however, few of the other, unaccessioned specimens have been catalogued. Vertebrate fossil accession at NMV is carried out in three stages: registration under a permanent specimen number, entry into the database software catalogue Axiell EMu, and barcode-based location tracking using a handheld device linked to an online application (http://mvwise.museum.vic.gov.au). In the past, unregistered specimens have been catalogued or location- tracked only infrequently, and the scale of legacy subcollections makes full registration an impractical goal for unaccessioned specimens. Accurate knowledge of unaccessioned specimens is essential to estimate collection size and composition, and predict future resource needs. Where such knowledge is held by staff but not documented, there is a persistent risk of dissociation or loss. Further, having accessible digital records greatly enhances data discoverability for research and exhibition users.
We describe an EMu-based workflow for unaccessioned specimens in the NMV Vertebrate Palaeontology Collection, which newly documents and tracks specimens without the time burden of prior accession protocols. Minimum-data EMu catalogue records are generated from a handheld MVWISE scanner (based on Apple mobile hardware), with photographs that include the specimen along with any existing metadata or context. These records are immediately linked to trackable barcodes associated with storage locations. Subsequently, relevant taxonomic, stratigraphic or historical information can be cross-referenced to catalogue records en masse, either directly or using import functions. This metadata is accessed efficiently from within Axiell EMu via the specimen photographs, rather than requiring a subsequent physical search. The risks mitigable by this project are discussed, as are reasons commonly cited for not accessioning specimens, and dilemmas and consequences arising from the new approach. We also provide guidance on the rates of data generation, the required and recommended resources to be used, and forecast practical benefits in discovery and use for the collection.
The Treasure of George Vernon Hudson
Authors: Kasper Julia , Sirvid Phil 
Published: June 2018

George V. Hudson, born 1867 in London, developed a strong interest in nature when he was nine years old and began collecting insects. At the age of 13 he wrote and illustrated his first manuscript on insects.
In 1881 Hudson moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a clerk in the post office in Wellington until his retirement in 1919. However, he kept collecting, investigating and describing insects in his spare time, and was determined to present New Zealand’s insect fauna to the general public. He was critical of the formal education system and provided alternative methods of learning through his books. His achievements place him among New Zealand’s distinguished pioneer naturalists.
After Hudson’s death in April 1946, his collection of insects, one of the largest and most valuable private collection in New Zealand, was donated to the Dominion Museum with the condition that it remained intact in its nine original cabinets. These are made from kauri and are full of neatly pinned in sects, Hudson invented his own coding system for labelling his specimens. The numbers that refer to each specimen were recorded in three volumes of register books, where he noted details about the samples. These registers are the only way we can understand the collection. However, since Hudson had a very idiosyncratic handwriting and wrote between lines when he ran out of space, his registers are very hard to read. Also, he changed names, deleted numbers of specimens that were given away and reused those numbers. In short, these registers were living documents that changed with the collection.
This collection is of immense scientific value and it has been well protected in climate-controlled conditions, although quite inaccessible for many years. Now, the kauri cabinets are secured to shelving units bolted to the floor and a wall. This provides protection against flooding and earthquake hazards. The registers and the specimens in the drawers are part of a digitisation program. All the information on the aging register pages were scanned in high resolution. It is now possible to magnify the writing and transfer the data into a database without touching the vulnerable originals. It is also possible to share the scanned pages with volunteers and experts, who can help deciphering Hudson’s notes. The plan is to make some of the pages available online, as part of a citizen science project.
Measuring and Mitigating Mercury Gases in the Museums Victoria Collection.
Authors: Measday Danielle , Goodall Rosemary 
Published: June 2018

For the past six years the conservation and collection management departments at Museums Victoria have been conducting a major survey to determine the type and extent of hazardous substances in the collections to better inform safe handling and storage practices. This paper focuses on mercury compounds in the collection, including mercury chloride applied as a pesticide, mercury sulfide pigments, liquid mercury used in scientific equipment, and mineral specimens such as native mercury and cinnabar. All these compounds can release volatile mercury vapour into storage furniture and have the potential to contaminate both the cabinet and other specimens stored nearby.
Although previous testing had confirmed that the air in storage rooms and workspaces contained no detectable levels of mercury vapour, recent publications by Hawks et al. 2004, Havermans et al. 2015 and Marcotte et al. 2017 showing high levels of mercury vapour inside storage containers in herbaria raised concern that there could be higher than acceptable levels of mercury vapour building up inside storage cabinets at Museums Victoria. This prompted analysis of the headspace in cabinets using a Jerome J405 portable mercury vapour meter. Testing was informed by the results of previous hazards surveys using X-ray fluorescence spectrography to target cabinets where mercury vapour was likely to be present.
Air from cabinets was sampled across the indigenous cultures, history, technology and natural sciences collections. Results showed levels of mercury vapour could be considerably above 25 μg/m3 the Australian time-weighted average (TWA) exposure standard for an 8 hour workday in cabinets of bird skins and indigenous artefacts treated with mercuric chloride pesticides. Results above 150 μg/m3 the temporary emergency exposure level (TEEL) were measured in the mineralogy collection. Mitigation strategies are being implemented to reduce the risks to staff health and contamination of other collection materials, including enclosing mercury-containing species of minerals in gas barrier film, venting high risk cabinets to dissipate vapour before accessing specimens, and engineering controls during the handling of specimens.
La Syrie dans la tête d’Ahmet Davutoğlu
Authors: Josseran Tancrède 
Published: June 2018

Plus qu’un politique, Ahmet Davutoǧlu est d’abord un homme d’idées. Dans ses écrits, l’ancien Premier ministre turc développe la thèse d’un couple turco-syrien victime d’une même lobotomie : la chute de l’Empire ottoman aurait tracé des frontières aussi artificielles qu’injustes. Ces conceptions expliquent la politique d’Ankara en Syrie et son échec final.
Syrie : la poudrière du nord
Authors: Nasr Wassim 
Published: June 2018

Malgré le maintien de l’État central, le théâtre syrien témoigne de la pérennisation de l’influence d’acteurs non étatiques : un morcèlement sans fin des factions rebelles et jihadistes et une mosaïque de milices de plus en plus complexe, sans oublier le YPG kurde. Le journaliste tente ici de dresser un tableau non exhaustif des principaux groupes aujourd’hui actifs dans le nord syrien et des implications de leur présence à moyen et long termes.
Sensibilisation aux coûts et conséquences du spam
Authors: Dagorn Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

<p class="resume">Cet article a pour but de sensibiliser le manager à l’ampleur et à la gravité du phénomène actuel du spam. Après avoir présenté les principales caractéristiques de cette problématique, l’article met en lumière les coûts directs et indirects du spam pour les organisations. Les récentes approches organisationnelles, technologiques et juridiques destinées à inhiber le spam sont exposées. En annexe, une étude pratique menée en avril 2009 auprès de trois organisations représentatives de différents contextes d’exposition au spam, confirme les coûts estimés et montre l’importance de l’application de « meilleures pratiques » managériales et de sécurité dans ce contexte. </p>
Acute Sport-Related Concussion Screening for Collegiate Athletes Using an Instrumented Balance Assessment
Authors: Baracks Joshua , Casa Douglas J. , Covassin Tracey , Sacko Ryan , Scarneo Samantha E. , Schnyer David , Yeargin Susan W. , Neville Christopher 
Published: June 2018

Context: Without a true criterion standard assessment, the sport-related concussion (SRC) diagnosis remains subjective. Inertial balance sensors have been proposed to improve acute SRC assessment, but few researchers have studied their clinical utility.Objective: To determine if group differences exist when using objective measures of balance in a sample of collegiate athletes with recent SRCs and participants serving as the control group and to calculate sensitivity and specificity to determine the diagnostic utility of the inertial balance sensor for acute SRC injuries.Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.Setting: Multicenter clinical trial.Patients or Other Participants: We enrolled 48 participants with SRC (age = 20.62 ± 1.52 years, height = 179.76 ± 10.00 cm, mass = 83.92 ± 23.22 kg) and 45 control participants (age = 20.85 ± 1.42 years, height = 177.02 ± 9.59 cm, mass = 74.61 ± 14.92 kg) at 7 clinical sites in the United States. All were varsity or club collegiate athletes, and all participants with SRC were tested within 72 hours of SRC.Main Outcome Measure(s): Balance performance was assessed using an inertial balance sensor. Two measures (root mean square sway and 95% ellipse sway area) were analyzed to represent a range of general balance measures. Balance assessments were conducted in double-legged, single-legged, and tandem stances.Results: A main effect for group was associated with the root mean square sway measure (F1,91 = 11.75, P = .001), with the SRC group demonstrating balance deficits compared with the control group. We observed group differences in the 95% ellipse sway area measure for the double-legged (F1,91 = 11.59, P = .001), single-legged (F1,91 = 6.91, P = .01), and tandem (F1,91 = 7.54, P = .007) stances. Sensitivity was greatest using a cutoff value of 0.5 standard deviations (54% [specificity = 71%]), whereas specificity was greatest using a cutoff value of 2 standard deviations (98% [sensitivity = 33%]).Conclusions: Inertial balance sensors may be useful tools for objectively measuring balance during acute SRC evaluation. However, low sensitivity suggests that they may be best used in conjunction with other assessments to form a comprehensive screening that may improve sensitivity.
‘Stepping into the painting’: Franz Marc, Mary Oliver and the ekphrastic process
Authors: Ullyatt Tony 
Published: June 2018

This article discusses Mary Oliver’s poem, ‘Franz Marc’s Blue Horses’, as an ekphrastic poem. More specifically, the discussion opens with a brief overview aimed at an understanding of ekphrasis to show how its development through the centuries has altered definitions of what constitutes ekphrasis and how these fresh understandings have broadened its possibilities for the modern poet. Siglind Bruhn’s ideas about the three stages of the ekphrastic process are then outlined. They trace the steps a poet has to follow in order to produce an ekphrastic poem; they follow consecutively, with the second depending on the first, and the third depending on the second. Understanding this process enables readers to appreciate the ways in which Oliver adheres to, or diverts from, it in producing her poem about Franz Marc. The discussion turns to Hans Lund’s typology of the various verbal and visual relationships in ekphrasis that are open to the poet. His typology helps readers to consider answers to the following questions: what elements of the artwork does the poet make use of, and which does she exclude? In what ways are these elements deployed in the creation of her verbal text? And in broader terms, what is the nature of visual and verbal relationship in this particular poem? How tentative might that relationship be? After a description of Franz Marc’s painting, The Tower of Blue Horses, as an Expressionist artwork, the discussion moves on to Mary Oliver ’s poem. The text is conceptualised as Oliver ’s ‘script’ as it takes up Stephen Cheeke’s suggestion ‘to imagine what happens next’ after the poet’s initial interface with the stasis of the artwork’s pregnant moment. The article modifies the frequently used metaphor of the painting as a single frame from a film, replacing the solitary frame with the idea of a single scene as more credible metaphorically, the scene itself being divided into several segments reflecting the poem’s structure. Thus, the punctum temporis (or pregnant moment) as a single scene from a film becomes the guiding metaphor of the article. Then, the article argues that Oliver develops her poem as a filmic narrative, offering readers a series of ‘segments’ depicting various aspects of the evolving narrative as she visualises it. These ekphrastic processes are explored in some detail. Reading the poem in a filmic way allows the poet to controvert the implicit stasis of the painting and, through the transmedialisation of the visual to the verbal, to create a dynamic narrative ‘script’, using the poem’s segmented structure, to explore the text’s meaning by offering readers a vivid evocation of her experience of Marc’s painting.
Phenotypic analysis of milk coagulation properties and mineral content of Pinzgauer cattle breed
Authors: Manuelian Carmen L. , Penasa Mauro , Visentin Giulio , Cassandro Martino , De Marchi Massimo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This study aimed to characterize milk coagulation properties (rennet
coagulation time, curd-firming time and curd firmness 30 min after rennet
addition to milk) and major mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K and Na) in
Pinzgauer dual-purpose cattle breed. The edited dataset consisted of
7763 milk observations from 851 cows reared in 60 herds in the Alpine area of
Bolzano province (Italy). Data were analysed through a linear mixed model
which included stage of lactation, parity and their interaction as fixed
effects, and cow and herd test date as random effects. Rennet coagulation
time, curd-firming time and curd firmness 30 min after rennet addition to
milk averaged 22.66 min, 5.53 min and 16.79 mm, respectively. The most
abundant minerals were P (1495 mg kg−1) and Ca (1344 mg kg−1),
and the least abundant Mg (141 mg kg−1). Compared to their older
contemporaries, early-lactating younger animals yielded milk that was more
favourable for cheese production (i.e. with shorter coagulation time and
stronger curd firmness). Mineral contents were lower in milk of primiparous
than multiparous cows, except for Na. Moreover, Ca, Mg, P and Na contents
decreased from parturition to peak of lactation and increased thereafter,
except for K, which exhibited an opposite trend. Our results showed that
Pinzgauer breed produced milk with better coagulation properties and mineral
content, from a technological point of view, in first than later parities and
in early than late lactation. The characterization of milk coagulation
properties and mineral content in autochthonous breeds is important to
increase their value and marketability of their products.
Body condition status at mating affects gestation length, offspring yield and return rate in ewes
Authors: Cam Mehmet Akif , Garipoglu Ali Vaiz , Kirikci Koray 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The present study was planned to determine the effect of ewe
body condition score (BCS) and parities on fertility, return rate, gestation
length, fecundity, litter size and lamb birth weight. Data were collected
from 284 heads of ewes with first to fifth parity and raised at a state farm
for three consecutive (2002–2004) years. Teaser rams were used to monitor
estrus twice daily in the morning and in the evening from September to
October. BCSs and body weights (BWs) were recorded at mating and postpartum.
The ewes, at mating time in breeding season and within first 6 h after the
expulsion of fetal membranes, were divided into four groups on the basis of
their BCS: thin (BCS = ≤ 2.0; n=70; 38), medium
(BCS = 2.5–3.0; n=122; 142), fat (BCS = 3.5–4.0; n=72; 59) and
very fat (BCS = ≥ 4.5; n= 20;17). BCSs and BWs of ewes at
postpartum were highly correlated with lamb birth weight (R=0.486,
P < 0.01, and R=0.130, P < 0.05, respectively). BCSs and BWs of
ewes at postpartum had positive effects on lamb birth weight
(Y=3.43 ± 0.10 + 0.130 + 0.047 ewe body condition score
(EBCS), P < 0.01;
Y= 2.92 ± 0.42 + 0.018 ± 0.009 ewe body weight
(EBW), P < 0.05 kg of lamb birth weight
per BCS and kilogram of ewe live weight, respectively). The fertility rate,
litter size and fecundity were higher in the medium and fat groups than thin
and very fat groups (χ2= 10.607, P < 0.01). The BW and BCS at
postpartum affected gestation length positively (P < 0.05). Return rate
or number of coitus for conception were higher (P < 0.05) in thin and
very fat groups than medium and fat groups. The data revealed that the ewes
with medium and fat body condition (BCS = 2.5–4.0) scores were
profitable.
Transitional Local Governance and Minority Political Participation in Post War Sri Lanka
Authors: McIntosh Esther M. 
Published: June 2018

In 2011, two years after the end of Sri Lanka’s bitter civil war that spanned three decades, there were more than 600,000 Tamil minority citizens in the country’s Northern Province eligible to vote in local government elections, which took place for the first time since 1998 . The Sri Lankan Tamils, the country’s largest minority group, make up 15.9% of the total population and are geographically concentrated in the northern province where they make up 93% of the population. The northern province looms large in the contemporary socio-political history of Sri Lanka. It was not only the physical battleground between the state’s army and the Liberation Tigers for Tamil Eelam (LTTE), but is symbolic of an ideational clash about how the state should deal with ethnic difference (De Silva 1996; Uyangoda 2007). The defeat of the secessionist LTTE which formerly administered parts of the northern province combine with the state’s preference for a unitary and centralized structure, suggests that it is now in the realist parameters of decentralized local spaces that the elected representatives of Tamil minorities must realize the ideals of local self-government, facilitate the complex needs of minority citizens and engage the Sinhalese-Buddhist nation state. This paper analyses several key acts, the National Policy on Local Government (2009) combined with secondary and empirical research to explore the political underpinnings of decentralization. It argues that understanding the multiple and complex ways in which minority citizens interact with, and participate in, political processes is fundamental to understanding the practice of local representation and self-government at the sub-national level, and within the wider polity of post war Sri Lanka. It contributes to the paucity of empirical research on post-conflict local governance transitions (Shou and Haug 2005, Jackson and Scott, 2006).
Using the Master's Tools to Dismantle the Master's House:The FountainheadReadsDoctor Faustus
Authors: Gerard Allison 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLargely by the use of allegory, Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead repurposes and reinterprets the religious morality of Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus to espouse an Objectivist, rather than theist, view of salvation and damnation. The Faustian narrative no longer belongs to Faustus alone, but is read against itself in order to theorize that giving up one's ego and independence, rather than giving up one's membership to the societal collective, is the straightest road to perdition.