bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Cycles of Along-Track Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity
Authors: Gilford Daniel M. , Solomon Susan , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates relationships between observed tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensities and potential intensity (PI) over the seasonal cycle. To directly compare observed and potential intensities, one must account for month-to-month variability in TC tracks and frequencies. Historical TC best track data and reanalysis PI calculations are combined to develop an along-track record of observed maximum and potential intensities for each storm in the satellite-era (1980–2015) across four ocean basins. Overall, observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles agree well with those of along-track PI. An extreme value theory application shows that at least 25 storms must be observed in a given month to have high confidence that the most intense wind speeds of historical TCs follow along-track PI seasonality. In the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere regions, there are too few observed storms outside their traditional TC seasons, limiting PI applicability across the seasonal cycle. Small intraseasonal along-track PI variabilities in these regions are driven by TC thermodynamic disequilibrium and sea surface temperatures. Thermodynamic disequilibrium drives seasonal cycles of eastern North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity, which minimize in August and maximize in June and October. Western North Pacific along-track PI and observed maximum intensity seasonal cycles are relatively flat, and have a local minimum in August because of reduced thermodynamic efficiency, which is linked to anomalously warm near-tropopause outflow temperatures. Powerful (&gt;65 m s−1) western Pacific TCs historically occur in every month except January, due to a combination of tropopause region and SST seasonal influences.
Anti-inflammatory effect of rosuvastatin using diblock amphiphilic copolymer: Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Aghajanzadeh Mozhgan , Ghannad Farhang , Zamani Mostafa , Andalib Sina , Danafar Hossein 
Published: May 2019

In this study, we synthesized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymers as water soluble nanocarriers to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory characteristic of rosuvastatin-loaded nanocarriers. For determining the structure of prepared nanocarriers, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic scanning calorimetry method. Nano-precipitation method was used for loading of rosuvastatin into copolymeric nanocarriers. The goal of this study is investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of rosuvastatin-loaded nanocarriers in comparison with indomethacin. The paw edema thickness was measured during 4 h after gavage of nanocarriers in acute inflammation-induced rats, and the ability of nanocarriers to inhibit the edema was calculated. Rosuvastatin was loaded in nanocarriers with a loading capacity of 9.38 ± 0.96% and an encapsulation efficiency of 62.50 ± 0.84%; moreover, rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin nanocarriers displayed considerable anti-inflammatory activity in this study. This study indicated that rosuvastatin and rosuvastatin nanocarriers have anti-inflammatory characteristic and we can conclude that in addition to lipid lowering affect, statins have potential for anti-inflammatory activity.
The Potential Effect of Different Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Genes and Disease
Authors: Lin Cheng-Chia , Wu Lawrence Shih-Hsin , Lee Kuei-Fang 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The chromosomal aberrations induced by radiation appear about nonrandomly distributed across the whole genome. Previous studies have shown that chromosomes with high DNA content are less frequently involved in the formation of symmetrical translocations and dicentric chromosomes than expected, whereas smaller chromosomes are more frequently involved. We hypothesized that these translocation regions are linked to radiation sensitivity. Materials and methods: We investigated the frequencies of chromosome translocations induced by radiation exposure and adjusted the results according to chromosome length. We specifically analyzed whole blood samples from 3 participants. The samples were irradiated using 60Co at doses of 0.5, 1, 2.5, and 5 Gy. Traditional Giemsa-trypsin-Wright band staining was performed to identify the translocations in the chromosomes, and results were compared with microarray data generated in our previous study. Results: Our analysis indicated that chromosomes 9q were the most sensitive to translocations after various doses of radiation, and such translocations occurred in the euchromatin region. Chromosomes 1, 9, 15, and 17 were more sensitive to radiation doses of 0.5 Gy. This observation could be useful when selecting sensitive reference chromosomes in the low-dose region. The results of expression profiling analysis for radiation-sensitive regions were similar to those of chromosome translocation analysis. Conclusion: This study shows that some chromosomes or genomic regions are more sensitive to alteration by radiation exposure.
Facebook advertising for recruitment of midlife women with bothersome vaginal symptoms: A pilot study
Authors: Guthrie Katherine A , Caan Bette , Diem Susan , Ensrud Kristine E , Greaves Sharon R , Larson Joseph C , Newton Katherine M , Reed Susan D , LaCroix Andrea Z 
Published: May 2019

Background The MsFLASH (Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health) Network recruited into five randomized clinical trials (n = 100–350) through mass mailings. The fifth trial tested two interventions for postmenopausal vulvovaginal symptoms (itching, pain, irritation, dryness, or pain with sex) and thus required a high level of sensitivity to privacy concerns. For this trial, in addition to mass mailings we pilot tested a social media recruitment approach. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of recruiting healthy midlife women with bothersome vulvovaginal symptoms to participate in the Vaginal Health Trial through Facebook advertising. Methods As part of a larger advertising campaign that enrolled 302 postmenopausal women for the 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Vaginal Health Trial from April 2016 to February 2017, Facebook advertising was used to recruit 25 participants. The target population for recruitment by mailings and by Facebook ads included women aged 50–70 years and living within 20 miles of study sites in Minneapolis, MN and Seattle, WA. Design of recruitment letters and Facebook advertisements was informed by focus group feedback. Facebook ads were displayed in the “newsfeed” of targeted users and included a link to the study website. Response rates and costs are described for both online ads and mailing. Results Facebook ads ran in Minneapolis for 28 days and in Seattle for 15 days, with ads posted and removed from the site as needed based on clinic flow and a set budget limit. Our estimated Facebook advertising reach was over 200,000 women; 461 women responded and 25 were enrolled at a cost of US$14,813. The response rate per estimated reach was 0.22%; costs were US$32 per response and US$593 per randomized participant. The social media recruitment results varied by site, showing greater effectiveness in Seattle than in Minneapolis. We mailed 277,000 recruitment letters; 2166 women responded and 277 were randomized at a cost of US$98,682. The response rate per letter sent was 0.78%; costs were US$46 per response and US$356 per randomized participant. Results varied little across sites. Conclusion Recruitment to a clinical trial testing interventions for postmenopausal vaginal symptoms is feasible through social media advertising. Variability in observed effectiveness and costs may reflect the small sample sizes and limited budget of the pilot recruitment study.
Does Self-Determination Theory help explain the impact of social prescribing? A qualitative analysis of patients’ experiences of the Glasgow ‘Deep-End’ Community Links Worker Intervention
Authors: Hanlon Peter , Gray Cindy M , Chng Nai Rui , Mercer Stewart W 
Published: May 2019

Objectives The Links Worker Programme is a primary care-based social prescribing initiative in Glasgow, Scotland, targeting patients with complex needs in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation. The programme aims to improve wellbeing by connecting patients to appropriate community resources. This study explored the utility of Self-Determination Theory in understanding the reported impacts of the intervention. Methods Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 12 patients (34–64 years, six female) referred to Community Links Practitioners using Self-Determination Theory as a framework. Impact was assessed from participants’ description of their personal circumstances before and after interaction with the Community Links Practitioner. Results Four patients described no overall change in daily life, two described slight improvement and six described moderate or major improvement. Improvers described satisfaction of the three psychological needs identified in Self-Determination Theory: relatedness, competence and autonomy. This often related to greater participation in community activities and sense of competence in social interaction. Patients who benefitted most described a change towards more intrinsic regulation of behaviour following the intervention. Conclusions Understanding the impact of this social prescribing initiative was facilitated by analysis using Self-Determination Theory. Self-Determination Theory may therefore be a useful theoretical framework for the development and evaluation of new interventions in this setting.
Advances in imaging of brain abnormalities in neuromuscular disease
Authors: Angelini Corrado , Pinzan Elena 
Published: May 2019

Brain atrophy, white matter abnormalities, and ventricular enlargement have been described in different neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the substantial advancement of brain imaging in neuromuscular diseases by consulting the main libraries ( Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar) including the more common forms of muscular dystrophies such as dystrophinopathies, dystroglycanopathies, myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, congenital myotonia, and congenital myopathies. A consistent, widespread cortical and subcortical involvement of grey and white matter was found. Abnormalities in the functional connectivity in brain networks and metabolic alterations were observed with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Pathological brain changes with cognitive dysfunction seemed to be frequently associated in NMDs. In particular, in congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs), skeletal muscular weakness, severe hypotonia, WM abnormalities, ventricular dilatation and abnormalities in cerebral gyration were observed. In dystroglycanopathy 2I subtype (LGMD2I), adult patients showed subcortical atrophy and a WM periventricular involvement, moderate ventriculomegaly, and enlargement of subarachnoid spaces. Correlations with clinical features have been observed with brain imaging characteristics and alterations were prominent in congenital or childhood onset cases. In myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) symptoms seem to be less severe than in type 1 (DM1). In Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) cortical atrophy is associated with minimal ventricular dilatation and WM abnormalities. Late-onset glycogenosis type II (GSD II) or Pompe infantile forms are characterized by delayed myelination. Only in a few cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) central nervous system involvement has been described and associated with executive functions impairment.
What do hospital doctors and nurses think wastes their time?
Authors: Bagheri Lankarani Kamran , Ghahramani Sulmaz , Roozitalab Marjan , Zakeri Mohammadreza , Honarvar Behnam , Kasraei Hengameh 
Published: May 2019

Objective: With regard to limitation in national budget, the relevant authorities of healthcare and treatment throughout the globe are seeking the use of available resources in a way that no wastage of money or time—which is, of course, convertible to money—is acceptable. This study sought the opinions of hospital doctors and nurses on those activities at work that wasted their time. Methods: A questionnaire designed to identify activities that waste time during hospital care was completed based on the review of previous studies and including hospital wastes items. The authors designed a questionnaire, which was filled out by 209 nurses and 30 doctors in the surgery wards in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). The items for time wasting activities were extracted from previous studies, and the reliability of the questionnaire was more than 0.785 using Cronbach’s alpha. The response rate was more than 60%. Results: The mean age of the participating nurses and doctors was 30.24 ± 6.85 and 32.77 ± 7.05 years. In all aspects, more time was wasted during the morning and evening shifts in comparison with the night shifts. The activity that was thought to waste time in hospital care the most was paper-based documentation. Preventable wasted time during the shift was 16%–30% in the nurses’ view and 18%–34% in the doctors’ view. For both nurses and doctors, the highest-rated preventable wasted time was related to time spent waiting in ward for lab data responses, transfer of patients, or delivery of care. Conclusion: Hospital working environment is complex, and opportunities for improvement of the efficiency of the nurses’ and doctors’ workload should be analyzed, case by case, in each hospital and work group. Process change (for the decrease in the wasted time for waiting in wards), simple innovative ways (for the decrease in the wasted time for searching the needed equipment), using hospital information system technology for documentation, communication, and the better design of the wards (to decrease the wasted time due to transfer between the ward and restroom) could be helpful for improving efficiency and for a safer and acceptable delivery of care.
Limb threatening thigh hematoma diagnosis accelerated by emergency physician bedside ultrasound
Authors: Eicken John J , Morrow Dustin 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis, specialty consultation, and definitive management to prevent significant morbidity. Traditionally, compartment syndrome is identified by physical exam findings including the presence of pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis involving the affected limb. Identifying the presence of compartment syndrome prior to the onset of signs that portend a poor outcome (i.e. pallor, pulselessness, and paralysis) can be challenging since many other less serious traumatic conditions can lead to paresthesia and pain in a limb. Bedside ultrasound is increasingly being utilized by emergency providers to expedite identification of various emergent diagnoses and guide care for patients who present to emergency departments. Bedside ultrasound allows emergency providers to visualize pathologic processes occurring that may be difficult to identify through traditional physical exam findings. This case report highlights the use of bedside ultrasound to promptly identify the presence of a traumatic thigh hematoma, which led to expedited advanced imaging and specialty consultation for compartment syndrome prior to the onset of physical exam findings consistent with compartment syndrome. Conclusion: The identification of compartment syndrome in the early stages is challenging given the overlap of signs and symptoms with other less emergent conditions. Early diagnosis of compartment syndrome is important to decrease morbidity, which can result from a delayed diagnosis of compartment syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the first case report to describe the use of bedside ultrasound to aid in the diagnosis of compartment syndrome and accelerate the care for a patient who presented with a traumatic thigh hematoma, which rapidly progressed to compartment syndrome and required emergent operative intervention.
Sumatriptan activates TRPA1
Authors: Babes Alexandru , Neacsu Cristian , Fischer Michael JM , Messlinger Karl 
Published: May 2019

Background: Migraine therapy with sumatriptan may cause adverse side effects like pain at the injection site, muscle pain, and transient aggravation of headaches. In animal experiments, sumatriptan excited or sensitized slowly conducting meningeal afferents. We hypothesized that sumatriptan may activate transduction channels of the “irritant receptor,” the transient receptor potential ankyrin type (TRPA1) expressed in nociceptive neurons. Methods: Calcium microfluorometry was performed in HEK293t cells transfected with human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) or a mutated channel (TRPA1-3C) and in dissociated trigeminal ganglion neurons. Membrane currents were recorded in the whole-cell patch clamp configuration. Results: Sumatriptan (10 and 400 µM) evoked calcium transients in hTRPA1-expressing HEK293t cells also activated by the TRPA1 agonist carvacrol (100 µM). In TRPA1-3C-expressing HEK293t cells, sumatriptan had hardly any effect. In rat trigeminal ganglion neurons, sumatriptan, carvacrol, and the transient receptor potential vanillod type 1 agonist capsaicin (1 µM) generated robust calcium signals. All sumatriptan-sensitive neurons (8% of the sample) were also activated by carvacrol (14%) and capsaicin (48%). In HEK293-hTRPA1 cells, sumatriptan (100 µM) evoked outwardly rectifying currents, which were almost completely inhibited by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 (10 µM). Conclusion: Sumatriptan activates TRPA1 channels inducing calcium inflow and membrane currents. TRPA1-dependent activation of primary afferents may explain the painful side effects of sumatriptan.
Energy Market Integration in ASEAN: Locational Marginal Pricing and Welfare Implications
Authors: Chang Youngho , Lee Justin , Xiang Ang Wei , Yi Chua Jing 
Published: May 2019

Energy market integration (EMI) in the ASEAN through the ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is considered to improve the welfare of the economy. In the simulation analyses of cross-border power trading, charging only a tariff as a function of the distance transmitted as access costs appears to ignore the effect of a marginal change in demand or supply from consumers and generators, respectively, on the transmission grid. This, in turn, leads to a poor signal to the market, making suboptimal decisions by economic agents. This study aims to analyse how the locational marginal pricing (LMP) of transmission losses influences an optimal energy mix and energy trading in the ASEAN and derive policy implications for completing the APG. Energy trading with the LMP mechanism of transmission losses appears to provide benefits to the countries under the APG as the total cost of electricity generation declines when power trade increases among ASEAN countries. The underpinnings of positive results strongly suggest that ASEAN member countries seriously consider enhancing grid interconnection to realise the efficiency of power trading infrastructure. JEL Codes: F15, O13, Q49
Excess risk of preterm birth with periconceptional iron supplementation in a malaria endemic area: analysis of secondary data on birth outcomes in a double blind randomized controlled safety trial in Burkina Faso
Authors: Brabin Bernard , Gies Sabine , Roberts Stephen A. , Diallo Salou , Lompo Olga M. , Kazienga Adama , Brabin Loretta , Ouedraogo Sayouba , Tinto Halidou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Iron supplementation before a first pregnancy may improve the future health of mother and baby by reducing maternal anaemia. Iron supplementation could, however, increase malaria infections, notably in primigravidae who are most susceptible. The pathogenicity of other iron-utilizing pathogens could also increase, causing inflammation leading to increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. This paper reports pre-specified secondary birth outcomes from a safety trial in Burkina Faso in an area of high malaria endemicity. Primary outcomes from that trial had investigated effects of long-term weekly iron supplementation on malaria and genital tract infections in non-pregnant and pregnant women.

Methods
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Nulliparous, mainly adolescent women, were individually randomized periconceptionally to receive weekly either 60 mg elemental iron and 2.8 mg folic acid, or 2.8 mg folic acid alone, continuing up to the first antenatal visit for those becoming pregnant. Secondary outcomes were ultrasound-dated gestational age, fetal growth, placental malaria, chorioamnionitis and iron biomarkers. Seasonal effects were assessed. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results
478 pregnancies occurred to 1959 women: 258/980 women assigned iron and folic acid and 220/979 women assigned folic acid alone. Malaria prevalence at the first antenatal visit was 53% (iron) and 55% (controls). Mean birthweight was 111 g lower in the iron group (95% CI 9:213 g, P = 0.033). Mean gestational ages were 264 days (iron) and 269 days (controls) (P = 0.012), with 27.5% under 37 weeks compared to 13.9% in controls (adjRR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.39–3.61) P < 0.001). One-third of babies were growth restricted, but incidence did not differ by trial arm. Half of placentae had evidence of past malaria infection. C–reactive protein > 5 mg/l was more common prior to births < 37 weeks (adjRR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.04–4.10, P = 0.034). Preterm birth incidence during the rainy season was ~ 50% in the iron arm and < 20% in controls (P = 0.001). Chorioamnionitis prevalence peaked in the dry season (P = 0.046), with no difference by trial arm (P = 0.14).

Conclusion
Long-term weekly iron supplementation given to nulliparous women in a malaria endemic area was associated with higher risk of preterm birth in their first pregnancy.
Trial Registration NCT01210040. Registered with Clinicaltrials.gov on 27th September 2010
Prevalence and experience of harassment of people with mental health problems living in the community
Authors: Berzins Kathryn M. , Petch Alison , Atkinson Jacqueline M. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe levels and experiences of harassment of people with mental health problems in the community compared with those of the general population have not been explored.AimsTo measure the levels and experience of harassment experienced by people with mental health problems in the community in Scotland and compare them with the general population.MethodExperiences of harassment were collected by interviewing 165 individuals with mental health problems and a control group of 165 people from the general population.ResultsHarassment in the community was found to be twice as common for individuals with mental health problems (41%) than for those in the general population (15%). The harassment commonly involved verbal abuse referring to the individual's mental health problems and was committed primarily by teenagers and neighbours.ConclusionsHarassment has a significantly higher prevalence among individuals with mental health problems living in the community and is believed to have a detrimental effect on mental health.