bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Li Yanping , Guasch-Ferré Marta , Willett Walter C , Drouin-Chartier Jean-Philippe , Bhupathiraju Shilpa N , Tobias Deirdre K 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundNut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies.Methods and findingsData collected in three prospective, longitudinal cohorts among health professionals in the US were analysed. We included 27 521 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010), 61 680 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1986 to 2010), and 55 684 younger women (Nurses’ Health Study II, 1991 to 2011) who were free of chronic disease at baseline in the analyses. We investigated the association between changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals and concurrent weight change over 20–24 years of follow-up using multivariate linear models with an unstructured correlation matrix to account for within-individual repeated measures. 21 322 individuals attained a body mass index classification of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at the end of follow-up.Average weight gain across the three cohorts was 0.32 kg each year. Increases in nut consumption, per 0.5 servings/day (14 g), was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all): −0.19 kg (95% CI -0.21 to -0.17) for total consumption of nuts, -0.37 kg (95% CI -0.45 to -0.30) for walnuts, -0.36 kg (95% CI -0.40 to -0.31) for other tree nuts, and -0.15 kg (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11) for peanuts.Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The multivariable adjusted RR for total nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p=0.0036), 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p=0.0002), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91, p<0.0001), respectively. Increasing nut consumption was also associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (RR 0.89–0.98, p<0.01 for all).In substitution analyses, substituting 0.5 servings/day of nuts for red meat, processed meat, French fries, desserts, or potato, chips (crisps) was associated with less weight gain (p<0.05 for all).Our cohorts were largely composed of Caucasian health professionals with relatively higher socioeconomic status; thus the results may not be generalisable to other populations.ConclusionIncreasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing 0.5 servings/day of less healthful foods with nuts may be a simple strategy to help prevent gradual long-term weight gain and obesity.
Screening of a highly inhibitor-tolerant bacterial strain for 2,3-BDO and organic acid production from non-detoxified corncob acid hydrolysate
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhou Yu-Jie , Zhang Wen , Cheng Ke-Ke , Liu Hong-Juan , Zhang Jian-An 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fermentation of chemicals from lignocellulose hydrolysate is an effective way to alleviate environmental and energy problems. However, fermentation inhibitors in hydrolysate and weak inhibitor tolerance of microorganisms limit its development. In this study, atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutation technology was utilized to generate mutant strains of Enterobacter cloacae and screen for mutants with high inhibitor tolerance to acid hydrolysate of corncobs. A highly inhibitor-tolerant strain, Enterobacter cloacae M22, was obtained after fermentation with non-detoxified hydrolysate, and this strain produced 24.32 g/L 2,3-butanediol and 14.93 g/L organic acids. Compared with that of the wild-type strain, inhibitor tolerance was enhanced twofold with M22, resulting in improvement of 2,3-butanediol and organic acid production by 114% and 90%, respectively. This work presents an efficient method to screen for highly inhibitor-tolerant strains and evidence of a novel strain that can produce 2,3-butanediol and organic acids using non-detoxified acid hydrolysate of corncobs.
Land evaluation for crop production in Upper Kabete Campus field, University of Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Mwendwa Samuel M. , Mbuvi Joseph P. , Kironchi Geoffrey 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The study area exhibits a first class catena; variation in soils is a result of differences in drainage and lateral movement of materials. The site was delineated into Soil Mapping Units (SMUs) through augering, into soils differing in macro relief. Slope categories included 0 to 5%, 5 to 8%, 8 to 16%, 16 to 30% and > 30%. Profile pits were opened in the five mapping units using stratified random sampling technique. Identified SMUs include UmIr/F, UmIr/E, UxIr/D, UxIr/C and UxIr/AB in order of decreasing slope gradient. Land suitability classification was based on the top horizons and the FAO 1976 criterion for land evaluation was used. The study aimed at identifying the most suitable areas for envisaging production of common crops grown in the area and limitations to production increase. A table of relevant land qualities and their diagnostic factors was constructed, rated and matched with suitability class-defining criteria to determine current suitability. Potential suitability was determined by considering the possibility of resolving the current limitations.

Results
Mapping unit UmIr/F and UmIr/E qualified as class S2 for the selected crops majorly due to limitations of workability and susceptibility to erosion based on their slope gradient. Nutrient availability and possibility of use of implements also rated as S2. Unit UxIr/D qualified in S2 category due to the same limitations. Mapping unit UxIr/C and UxIr/AB qualified in the S2 category due to limitations of nutrient availability. After improvements, all the mapping units qualified in class S1.

Conclusions
These observations indicate that workability and erosion susceptibility due to steep topography coupled with lack of enough nutrients are the greatest production limitations in the study area. Increasing slope gradient also led to decreasing possibility of use of farm implements. Terracing can reduce the deleterious influence of slope on soil quality, shifting suitability to a higher class, should the steep area be used for cultivation. There is a need for sufficient inputs and cover cropping to maintain high soil quality. Land evaluation should be part of good agricultural practices in any production system.
Modeling and evaluation of the filling process of vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present study, a modified vacuum-assisted compression resin transfer molding (VACRTM) process has been developed to reduce the cycling period. The process uses an elastic bag placed between the upper mold and the preform to replace the mobile rigid mold in compression resin transfer molding. During resin injection, the bag is pulled upward by the vacuum applied in between the upper mold and the bag, and a loose fiber stack is then present. Resin is easily injected into the mold. Once enough volume of resin is injected, the compression pressure is applied on the bag, which compacts the preform and drives the resin through the remaining dry preform. Numerical results show that the bag compression phase is much longer than the resin injection one. A multistage compression strategy can be used to control the compression time. Due to inherent process defects, a higher volume of the injected liquid is essential and thus leads to a longer injection and compression phase in order to inject and squeeze the excess resin. The late compression is very slow in draining the residual resin. As compared with resin transfer molding, VACRTM can reduce the mold-filling time/injection pressure.
Theoretischer Beitrag zur Arbeit von R. Hilsch über das "Wirbelrohr"
Authors: Burkhardt Gerd 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß sich die Vorgänge in einem Wirbelrohr nach R. Hilsch unter geeigneten Vereinfachungen rechnerisch befriedigend genau erfassen lassen. Dies gelingt durch Einführung eines "Trennfaktors" α, der die Trennung des Gases durch den quantitativ wohl kaum erfaßbaren Strömungsmechanismus bei der Entspannung der rotierenden Gasmasse beschreiben soll. Seine Größe und Veränderlichkeit bei Variation der Versuchsbedingungen werden durch eine plausible Näherungsbetrachtung erhalten. Auf diese Weise werden die Temperaturänderung des ausströmenden Gases, die erzielbaren Kälte-bzw. Wärmemengen und der Nutzeffekt berechnet und der Einfluß der verschiedenen Konstruktionsdaten auf diese Werte diskutiert.
Zur Relaxation und Assoziation von polaren Kettenmolekülen in der reinen Flüssigkeit
Authors: Klages G. , Kremmling G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Absorptions-und Dispersionsmessungen im Gebiet von 10 bis 300 m an langkettigen aliphatischen Chloriden und Alkoholen in der reinen Flüssigkeit werden nach der Debye-Rammschen Theorie der Rotationsbehinderung und der Onsagerschen Theorie diskutiert und mit Messungen in der verdünnten Lösung verglichen. Die nichtassoziierenden Chloride zeigen eine größere Dipolbeweglichkeit in der reinen Flüssigkeit, die auf eine besondere Flüssigkeitsstruktur (Parallellagerung der Ketten) zurückgeführt wird. Bei den Alkoholen sinkt die Beweglichkeit durch Assoziation, die mit zunehmender Kettenlänge monoton abnimmt. Die exakte Ermittlung des Assoziationsgrades macht noch Schwierigkeiten, da bei den langkettigen Alkoholen noch eine Dipolbeweglichkeit innerhalb der Komplexe vorhanden ist, was aus dem angedeuteten Auftreten von mehreren Relaxationszeiten und Dipolabsorption im glasigen und kristallinen Zustand geschlossen wird.
Some Aspects of the Interpretation of Corpus Delicti of Trading in Influence in the Context of the Principle Nullum Crimen Sine Lege
Authors: Mickevičiūtė Laura 
Published: September 2019

Taking into consideration the amendments of Article 226 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, the temporal rules of the criminal law, and the content of the principle nullum crimen sine lege (no crime without law), this article assesses the Lithuanian Supreme Court case-law, according to which the provision of the alleged influence feature in Article 226(2) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania has only been explained but not given a new feature of the corpus delicti of passive trading influence.
New Record and Comparison of Some Morphometric Characters of an Endemic Species Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) Populations in Central Anatolia
Authors: ÖZEREN Saniye Cevher , ÖZDEMİR Filiz , ERKAKAN Füsun 
Published: September 2019

Endemic species, Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933) is newly recorded from the İbrala Stream, Yeşildere location , in
endorheic basin of the Central Anatolia. The known distribution of this species in Anatolia previously limited to the Lake
Beyşehir and Eğirdir Basin systems and the river Melendiz in this area. The taxonomic characters of C. pestai population in
the İbrala Stream was discussed with its other populations living in this endorheic basin. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to identify whether there were any statistically significant differences among the populations. Based on
our results, there is a wide variation among the populations in terms of the number of scales on the line lateral, the number
of 1st gill raker and some measurement taxonomic characters. In evaluating these findings, C. mauricii which described as
a new species from Lake Beyşehir is the synonym to C. pestai.
Effects of foot reflexology on dysmenorrhea: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: ALP YILMAZ Figen , BAŞER Mürüvvet 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the effects of foot reflexology on dysmenorrhea.Materials and Methods: A randomize controlled trial design was used. This study included 29 student is in the intervention, 29 student in placebo groups. In the reflexology group, the subjects received 8 reflexology sessions (30 minutes each) in two consecutive mense cycles. The placebo groups , the subjects received 8 foot massage sessions (30 minutes each) in two consecutive mense cycles. To assess the severity of dysmenorrhea, Visual Anolog Scala and Verbal category scale were used in this study.Results: When VAS mean scores of the experimental and placebo groups during 4 follow-up periods were compared, it was found that there is not a statistically signiﬁcant diﬀerence between experimental and placebo groups. Conclusion: Results showed that reflexology and placebo foot massage might be effective in decreasing dysmenorrhea. It is recommended that the students suﬀering from dysmenorrhea problems should be informed on the foot and reflexology massage.
Methodology for Simulation of the Three Components of Seismic Acceleration
Authors: Chiesa Daniela Dalla , Fadel Miguel Letícia Fleck 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCasualties and damages from earthquakes, which cannot be predicted, occur too often. Effective engineering of buildings using seismic‐resistant design is the primary method of mitigating these adverse effects. In this context, it is important to model the seismic excitation. It is known that because of the random characteristics of the phenomenon, it is difficult to elaborate such a model; therefore, numerous studies have been developed to fill some gaps and to improve the existing models in the literature. Based on this assumption, the present article has the objective of collaborating with these studies, proposing a numerical model for the simultaneous generation of the three components of seismic acceleration. The model was developed in the MATLAB (see Data and Resources) program and uses an evolutionary optimization method to determine the appropriate parameters of amplitude and frequency, of a relatively simple mathematical model, that allows generate the three components of seismic acceleration with predetermined characteristics (i.e., peak ground acceleration, duration of strong motion, and frequency content). The results show that the elaborated model is suitable for generation of the three components of seismic acceleration, which allows us to conclude that the model can be used for seismic engineering purposes.
Risk factors for mortality of patients with ceftriaxone resistant e. Coli bacteremia receiving carbapenem versus beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Nasir Nosheen , Ahmed Sara , Razi Samrah , Awan Safia , Mahmood Faisal 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective:
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae predominantly E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteremia have limited treatment options and high mortality. The objective was to determine the risk factors for in-hospital mortality particularly treatment with Carbapenem versus Beta lactam/beta lactamase combination (BL/BLI) in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia.
A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients with sepsis and monomicrobial Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia were enrolled. Factors associated with mortality in patients were determined using logistic regression analysis.
Results:
Mortality rate was 37% in those empirically treated with carbapenem compared to 20% treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.012) and was 21% in those treated with a carbapenem compared to 13% in patients definitively treated with BL/BLI combination therapy (p-value: 0.152). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, only Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ four was significantly associated with mortality (OR: 7.7 CI: 2.6-22.8) while a urinary source of bacteremia was protective (OR: 0.26 CI: 0.11-0.58).
In-hospital mortality in patients with Ceftriaxone resistant E. coli bacteremia did not differ in patients treated with either a carbapenem or BL/BLI combination. However, Pitt bacteremia score of ≥ 4 was strongly associated with mortality.
Association of Length of Stay at Emergency Services in the Outcome of Admitted Patients
Authors: Neupane RP , Raut S , Shrestha TM , Aacharya R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Access block and overcrowding leading to prolonged stay in emergency room is a common problem of Emergency services of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) Kathmandu. Those patients who stayed longer in emergency department might affect continuing care and the ultimate outcome of patients. Study aims to evaluate the association of emergency services length of stay and outcome of admitted patients in wards or Intensive Care Unit at the predefined cut-off value of 6 hour.
Methods: It was a prospective cross sectional comparative study done in TUTH, Kathmandu. Data were collected from records from emergency services, wards, ICU and hospital record section from October, 2018 to April, 2019. Adult patients were grouped in to two groups; Emergency services to wards (ES to Wards) and Emergency services to ICU (ES to ICU). Outcome was compared between those admitted within 6hr and those admitted after 6hr of stay in emergency services.
Results: A total of 2,059 patients were enrolled over 6 months. Out of them, Male were 55.5% and 42.6% patients were at the age of equal to or above 60 years. Total admitted patients who stayed equal to or less than 6 hr in emergency services was 26.7%. It was found that there was no significant association between Emergency services length of stay (ESLOS) and outcome of admitted total patients (p= 0.160) as well as in ICU (p= 0.559) or Ward admitted patients (p= 0.361). Age was found independent predictor for outcome (p= <0.01). Association of ESLOS and age was also found statistically significant (p= 0.02).
Conclusions: Emergency service length of stay is not predictor for outcome of admitted patients.

Key words: Emergency services, intensive care unit, length of stay, mortality.
Serum Estradiol Levels Are Inversely Associated With C-Reactive Protein in Premenopausal Women but Not Postmenopausal Women: a cross–sectional study
Authors: Park Jae-Min , Lee Yong-Jae 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies investigating the link between serum estradiol levels and inflammatory markers have produced inconsistent or conflicting results. We hypothesized that serum estrogen plays differing roles in inflammation according to menopausal status. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between serum estradiol and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in women according to their menopausal status.Methods We examined the association between serum estradiol and high-sensitivity CRP levels based on the menopausal status of 151 premenopausal women aged 21–52 years and in 394 postmenopausal women aged 46–75 years who participated in a health examination program. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using CRP level as the dependent variable.Results Multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum estradiol levels were inversely associated with CRP levels in premenopausal women (β coefficient = -0.298, P = 0.001). However, this was not the case in postmenopausal women after adjusting for age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, mean arterial pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransaminase, and alanine aminotransaminase levels. Serum estradiol levels were inversely associated with CRP in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women.Conclusion Our findings suggest that lower estrogenic activity may at least partly contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation, particularly in premenopausal women.
The High Potential of Ozone Gas to Inactivate Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces During Hydatid Cyst Surgery
Authors: Mahmoudvand Hossein , Harandi Majid Fasihi , Niazi Massumeh , Rouientan Abdolreza , Mohammadi-Moghadam Fazel , Dezaki Ebrahim Saedi 
Published: September 2019

Background:
In medicine, ozone therapy is effectively used in a broad spectrum of
diseases. Reviews have shown that ozone gas demonstrates potent antimicrobial effects against a
wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, such as oral bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasite even
in resistant strains. The present investigation was designed to assess the protoscolicidal effects of
ozone gas on hydatid cysts protoscoleces in vitro and in vivo.

Methods:
Hydatid cyst protoscoleces were acquired from sheep livers that were slaughtered at
Kerman slaughterhouse, Iran. The viability of protoscoleces was assessed by the eosin exclusion
examination after exposure with ozone gas for 1 to 14 min in vitro and ex vivo.

Results:
In this study, in vitro assay showed that ozone gas at the concentration of 20 mg/L killed
85 and 100% of hydatid cyst protoscoleces after 4 and 6 min of treatment, respectively. However,
in the ex vivo analysis, a longer time was needed to confirm a potent protoscolicidal activity such
that ozone gas after an exposure time of 12 min, 100% of the protoscoleces were killed within the
hydatid cyst.

Conclusion:
: In conclusion, the findings of the present study showed that ozone gas at low concentrations
(20 mg/L) and short times (4-6 min) might be used as a novel protoscolicidal drug for use
in hydatid cyst surgery. However, more clinical surveys are required to discover the precise biological
activity of ozone gas in animal and human subjects.
Membongkar Konstruksi Politik di Media Massa Analisis Wacana terhadap Harian Kompas Tahun 2013-2014
Authors: Halwati Umi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: This research is motivated by politics that can not be separated fromthe mass media. The mass media is an effective mediator in the publication ofpolitical ideology in an attempt to win public support. This study is a qualitativeresearch approach of critical discourse analysis Teun A. Van Djik. Results of thisstudy are: in terms of thematic, more news in Kompas takes the theme of presidentialcandidate and direction of the coalition at presidential elections in 2014. In theschematic aspect, Kompas has a systematic scheme from the start the title, leadand body mutually sustainable. In terms of semantics, the meaning is emphasizedKompas in reporting each party has a presidential candidate, but legislative electionand electability figures that will be decisive. In stylistic aspect, Kompas use wordsthat universal, humanistic, and not dry. Kompas also using graphic elements tohighlight or emphasize deemed important by using photos or images and alsographs and put political news in the headline.Keywords: politics, media, discourse analysis.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keberadaan politik yang tidakdapat dipisahkan dari media massa. Media massa merupakan mediator yangefektif dalam publikasi ideologi politik dalam taraf memenangkan dukungan publik.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis wacanakritis Teun A. Van Djik. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: dari segi tematik, pemberitaan diKompas lebih banyak mengambil tema tokoh kandidat capres dan arah koalisipemilihan presiden 2014. Dalam aspek skematik, Kompas mempunyai skemayang sistematis dari mulai judul, lead dan body saling berkesinambungan. Darisisi semantik, makna yang ingin ditekankan Kompas dalam pemberitaannya adalahmasing-masing partai mempunyai kandidat capres, tetapi pileg dan elektabilitastokoh yang akan menjadi penentu. Dalam Dari aspek stilistik, Kompas menggunakankata-kata yang universal, humanistis, dan tidak kering. Menggunakanelemen grafis untuk menonjolkan atau menekankan yang dianggap pentingdengan menggunakan foto atau gambar dan juga grafik serta menaruh beritapolitik dalam headline.Kata kunci: politik, media, analisis wacana.