bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of routine imaging in pediatric cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Halalsheh Hadeel , Kaste Sue C. , Navid Fariba , Bahrami Armita , Shulkin Barry L. , Rao Bhaskar , Kunkel Michelle , Artz Nathan , Pappo Alberto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOptimal imaging for children with pediatric malignant melanoma (MM) is unknown.MethodsWe reviewed clinical and imaging findings of patients with American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIC‐IV MM treated on our institutional MEL06 trial. All patients had baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT), positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), CT chest, abdomen, and pelvis (CTCAP). Patients on stratum A (PEG‐interferon, where PEG is pegylated; AJCC IIC, IIIA, IIIB; n = 16) had imaging every 6 months; stratum B1 (PEG‐interferon and temozolomide; unresectable measurable disease, metastatic, or recurrent; n = 2) had PET/CT scans every 2 months and brain imaging studies every 4 months; stratum B2 patients (PEG‐interferon and temozolomide; unresectable nonmeasurable, metastatic, or recurrent, n = 3) had imaging every 4 months. Off‐therapy imaging was done every 6 months for 3 years.ResultsThere were 21 patients (11 females, 11 spitzoid, median age 14 years, head/neck [6], trunk [7], extremities [8]). Patients with spitzoid melanoma underwent 236 imaging studies in total (86 PET/CT, 81 CTCAP, 11 CT chest, 10 CT brain, 48 MRI brain) at a median cost per patient of $32,718. Thirteen studies (5.8%) had findings that led to two biopsies (one positive). For conventional MM, 162 studies (61 PET/CT, 57 CTCAP, 8 CT chest, 7 CT brain, and 29 MRI brain) were performed with a median cost per patient of $23,420. Twenty (14%) had findings leading to six biopsies (four positive). At 6.3 years (range 0.4‐9.2), 17 patients remain disease‐free.ConclusionChildren with spitzoid melanoma require minimal imaging at diagnosis and follow‐up. Patients with conventional MM should be imaged according to adult guidelines.
Finite‐time synchronization for memristor‐based BAM neural networks with stochastic perturbations and time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhang Yanping , Li Lixiang , Peng Haipeng , Xiao Jinghua , Yang Yixian , Zheng Mingwen , Zhao Hui 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis paper focuses on the finite‐time synchronization issue of drive‐response memristor‐based bidirectional associative memory neural networks (MBAMNNs) with stochastic perturbations and time‐varying delays. Based on the mathematical model of memristor, definition of finite‐time stability for stochastic differential system and the drive‐response concept, some novel sufficient conditions are given to ensure the finite‐time synchronization of drive‐response MBAMNNs with stochastic perturbations and time‐varying delays. We design novel nonlinear feedback controllers to control the synchronization error to converge zero in a finite time, and the settling time for synchronization can be easily obtained. In addition, as two special cases, the finite‐time synchronization control criteria for bidirectional associative memory neural networks with stochastic perturbations and time‐varying delays and MBAMNNs without stochastic perturbations are also given. Finally, two numerical simulations are showed to demonstrate the correctness of main results.
Liver Resection for Solitary Transplantable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of AFP‐Score
Authors: Menahem Benjamin , Duvoux Christophe , Ganne Nathalie , Mallat Ariane , Seror Olivier , Calderaro Julien , Launoy Guy , Alves Arnaud , Cherqui Daniel , Luciani Alain , Laurent Alexis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, the Liver Transplant French Study Group built the alpha‐fetoprotein‐score (AFP‐score), which improved significantly the prediction of tumor recurrence in case of liver transplantation for HCC when compared to Milan criteria. The aim of the study was to test the AFP score in case of liver resection (LR) for HCC.MethodsFrom 1990 to 2012, 347 patients underwent a liver resection for HCC developed on chronic liver disease (CLD). All patients with solitary HCC <60 mm were included. The primary end point was to investigate if the AFP‐score at the first LR was predictive of recurrence and if recurrence occurred within the AFP‐score. The secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival.ResultsOne hundred and eight patients fulfilled the inclusions criteria. After a median follow‐up of 65.4IQR [13–114] months, recurrence occurred in 64.8% (70/108) patients. Among the study population, 96 were “in AFP‐score” (i.e., ≤2) of whom 60.4% (58/96) developed a recurrence that was cured in curative intent. In contrast, all patients “out AFP‐score” experienced recurrence, and 25% were eligible for curative treatment. At the end of the follow‐up, 26 patients were listed for liver transplantation (LT). Among them, 21 were finally transplanted. The 5‐year OS after salvage LT was 68.5%95%CI [50.2–93.0].ConclusionAFP‐score is a useful tool for patients selection after LR for solitary HCC developed on CLD. For patients “in AFP‐score,” up‐front LR provides good survival and allows to avoid up‐front LT in case of recurrence.
Self-documentary in the emergency department: Perspectives on patients recording their own procedures
Authors: Oyedokun Taofiq , Donauer Andrew , Stempien James , McKay Shari 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesPatients often bring their smartphones to the emergency department (ED) and want to record their procedures. There was no clear ED recording policy in the Saskatoon Health Region nor is there in the new Saskatchewan Health Authority. With limited literature on the subject, clinicians currently make the decision to allow/deny the request to record independently. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare patient and clinician perspectives concerning patients recording, in general, and recording their own procedures in the ED.MethodsSurveys were developed for patients and clinicians with respect to history and opinions about recording/being recorded. ED physicians and nurses, and patients>17 years old who entered the ED with a laceration requiring stitches were recruited to participate; 110 patients and 156 staff responded.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the proportion of patients (61.7% [66/107]) and clinicians (28.1% [41/146]) who believed that patients should be allowed to video record their procedure. There was also a significant difference between clinicians and patients with regard to audio recording, but not “selfies” (pictures). However, with no current policy, 47.8% (66/138) of clinicians said that they would allow videos if asked, with caveats about staff and patient privacy, prior consent, and procedure/patient care.ConclusionContrary to patients’ views, clinicians were not in favour of allowing audio or video recordings in the ED. Concerns around consent, staff and patient privacy, and legal issues warrant the development of a detailed policy if the decision is made in favour of recording.
Diversifying Methodologies: A Haudenosaunee/Settler Approach for Measuring Indigenous-Local Intergovernmental Success
Authors: Alcantara Christopher , Kalman Ian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntergovernmental agreements between municipal and Indigenous governments are rapidly expanding in number and importance in Canada and the United States, yet they remain underexamined in the literature. This article considers how to measure the success of these agreements. It takes as a case study the port divestiture agreement between the City of Cornwall (Ontario, Canada), and a neighbouring Indigenous government, the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne. While the agreement represents a partial success and partial failure by conventional public policy and public administration metrics, these evaluations are different when measured against the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) principle of “one-mindedness.” Findings, which were generated using anthropological and qualitative political science methods, suggest that the use of both Indigenous and non-Indigenous frameworks are required to produce accurate and comprehensive evaluations of these agreements and the outcomes that are produced by them.
An analysis of aging-related genes derived from the Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx)
Authors: Jia Kaiwen , Cui Chunmei , Gao Yuanxu , Zhou Yuan , Cui Qinghua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAging is a complex biological process that is far from being completely understood. Analyzing transcriptional differences across age might help uncover genetic bases of aging. In this study, 1573 differentially expressed genes, related to chronological age, from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, were categorized as upregulated age-associated genes (UAGs) and downregulated age-associated genes (DAGs). Characteristics in evolution, expression, function and molecular networks were comprehensively described and compared for UAGs, DAGs and other genes. Analyses revealed that UAGs are more clustered, more quickly evolving, more tissue specific and have accumulated more single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and disease genes than DAGs. DAGs were found with a lower evolutionary rate, higher expression level, greater homologous gene number, smaller phyletic age and earlier expression in body development. UAGs are more likely to be located in the extracellular region and to occur in both immune-relevant processes and cancer-related pathways. By contrast, DAGs are more likely to be located intracellularly and to be enriched in catabolic and metabolic processes. Moreover, DAGs are also critical in a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, whereas UAGs have more influence on a signaling network. This study highlights characteristics of the aging transcriptional landscape in a healthy population, which may benefit future studies on the aging process and provide a broader horizon for age-dependent precision medicine.
Biogenic volatile release from permafrost thaw is determined by the soil microbial sink
Authors: Kramshøj Magnus , Albers Christian N. , Holst Thomas , Holzinger Rupert , Elberling Bo , Rinnan Riikka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWarming in the Arctic accelerates thawing of permafrost-affected soils, which leads to a release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. We do not know whether permafrost thaw also releases non-methane volatile organic compounds that can contribute to both negative and positive radiative forcing on climate. Here we show using proton transfer reaction–time of flight–mass spectrometry that substantial amounts of ethanol and methanol and in total 316 organic ions were released from Greenlandic permafrost soils upon thaw in laboratory incubations. We demonstrate that the majority of this release is taken up in the active layer above. In an experiment using 14C-labeled ethanol and methanol, we demonstrate that these compounds are consumed by microorganisms. Our findings highlight that the thawing permafrost soils are not only a considerable source of volatile organic compounds but also that the active layer regulates their release into the atmosphere.
Networking chemical robots for reaction multitasking
Authors: Caramelli Dario , Salley Daniel , Henson Alon , Camarasa Gerardo Aragon , Sharabi Salah , Keenan Graham , Cronin Leroy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of the internet of things has led to an explosion in the number of networked devices capable of control and computing. However, whilst common place in remote sensing, these approaches have not impacted chemistry due to difficulty in developing systems flexible enough for experimental data collection. Herein we present a simple and affordable (<$500) chemistry capable robot built with a standard set of hardware and software protocols that can be networked to coordinate many chemical experiments in real time. We demonstrate how multiple processes can be done with two internet-connected robots collaboratively, exploring a set of azo-coupling reactions in a fraction of time needed for a single robot, as well as encoding and decoding information into a network of oscillating reactions. The system can also be used to assess the reproducibility of chemical reactions and discover new reaction outcomes using game playing to explore a chemical space.
Exploiting the tunability of stimulated emission depletion microscopy for super-resolution imaging of nuclear structures
Authors: Sarmento Maria J. , Oneto Michele , Pelicci Simone , Pesce Luca , Scipioni Lorenzo , Faretta Mario , Furia Laura , Dellino Gaetano Ivan , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Bianchini Paolo , Diaspro Alberto , Lanzanò Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImaging of nuclear structures within intact eukaryotic nuclei is imperative to understand the effect of chromatin folding on genome function. Recent developments of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques combine high specificity, sensitivity, and less-invasive sample preparation procedures with the sub-diffraction spatial resolution required to image chromatin at the nanoscale. Here, we present a method to enhance the spatial resolution of a stimulated-emission depletion (STED) microscope based only on the modulation of the STED intensity during the acquisition of a STED image. This modulation induces spatially encoded variations of the fluorescence emission that can be visualized in the phasor plot and used to improve and quantify the effective spatial resolution of the STED image. We show that the method can be used to remove direct excitation by the STED beam and perform dual color imaging. We apply this method to the visualization of transcription and replication foci within intact nuclei of eukaryotic cells.
SIRT6 haploinsufficiency induces BRAFV600E melanoma cell resistance to MAPK inhibitors via IGF signalling
Authors: Strub Thomas , Ghiraldini Flavia G. , Carcamo Saul , Li Man , Wroblewska Aleksandra , Singh Rajendra , Goldberg Matthew S. , Hasson Dan , Wang Zichen , Gallagher Stuart J. , Hersey Peter , Ma’ayan Avi , Long Georgina V. , Scolyer Richard A. , Brown Brian , Zheng Bin , Bernstein Emily 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhile multiple mechanisms of BRAFV600-mutant melanoma resistance to targeted MAPK signaling inhibitors (MAPKi) have been reported, the epigenetic regulation of this process remains undetermined. Here, using a CRISPR–Cas9 screen targeting chromatin regulators, we discover that haploinsufficiency of the histone deacetylase SIRT6 allows melanoma cell persistence in the presence of MAPKi. Haploinsufficiency, but not complete loss of SIRT6 promotes IGFBP2 expression via increased chromatin accessibility, H3K56 acetylation at the IGFBP2 locus, and consequent activation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and downstream AKT signaling. Combining a clinically applicable IGF-1Ri with BRAFi overcomes resistance of SIRT6 haploinsufficient melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Using matched melanoma samples derived from patients receiving dabrafenib + trametinib, we identify IGFBP2 as a potential biomarker for MAPKi resistance. Our study has not only identified an epigenetic mechanism of drug resistance, but also provides insights into a combinatorial therapy that may overcome resistance to standard-of-care therapy for BRAFV600-mutant melanoma patients.
Developing an interatomic potential for martensitic phase transformations in zirconium by machine learning
Authors: Zong Hongxiang , Pilania Ghanshyam , Ding Xiangdong , Ackland Graeme J. , Lookman Turab 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAtomic simulations provide an effective means to understand the underlying physics of structural phase transformations. However, this remains a challenge for certain allotropic metals due to the failure of classical interatomic potentials to represent the multitude of bonding. Based on machine-learning (ML) techniques, we develop a hybrid method in which interatomic potentials describing martensitic transformations can be learned with a high degree of fidelity from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations (AIMD). Using zirconium as a model system, for which an adequate semiempirical potential describing the phase transformation process is lacking, we demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our approach. Specifically, the ML-AIMD interatomic potential correctly captures the energetics and structural transformation properties of zirconium as compared to experimental and density-functional data for phonons, elastic constants, as well as stacking fault energies. Molecular dynamics simulations successfully reproduce the transformation mechanisms and reasonably map out the pressure–temperature phase diagram of zirconium.
Simulated microgravity and the antagonistic influence of strigolactone on plant nutrient uptake in low nutrient conditions
Authors: Liu Guowei , Bollier Daniel , Gübeli Christian , Peter Noemi , Arnold Peter , Egli Marcel , Borghi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHuman-assisted space exploration will require efficient methods of food production. Large-scale farming in presence of an Earth-like atmosphere in space faces two main challenges: plant yield in microgravity and plant nutrition in extraterrestrial soils, which are likely low in nutrients compared to terrestrial farm lands. We propose a plant-fungal symbiosis (i.e. mycorrhiza) as an efficient tool to increase plant biomass production in extraterrestrial environments. We tested the mycorrhization of Solanaceae on the model plant Petunia hybrida using the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under simulated microgravity (s0-g) conditions obtained through a 3-D random positioning machine. Our results show that s0-g negatively affects mycorrhization and plant phosphate uptake by inhibiting hyphal elongation and secondary branching. However, in low nutrient conditions, the mycorrhiza can still support plant biomass production in s0-g when colonized plants have increased SL root exudation. Alternatively, s0-g in high nutrient conditions boosts tissue-specific cell division and cell expansion and overall plant size in Petunia, which has been reported for other plants species. Finally, we show that the SL mimic molecule rac-GR24 can still induce hyphal branching in vitro under simulated microgravity. Based on these results, we propose that in nutrient limited conditions strigolactone root exudation can challenge the negative microgravity effects on mycorrhization and therefore might play an important role in increasing the efficiency of future space farming.
ESCC ATLAS: A population wide compendium of biomarkers for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tungekar Asna , Mandarthi Sumana , Mandaviya Pooja Rajendra , Gadekar Veerendra P. , Tantry Ananthajith , Kotian Sowmya , Reddy Jyotshna , Prabha Divya , Bhat Sushma , Sahay Sweta , Mascarenhas Roshan , Badkillaya Raghavendra Rao , Nagasampige Manoj Kumar , Yelnadu Mohan , Pawar Harsh , Hebbar Prashantha , Kashyap Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEsophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most aggressive malignancy and its treatment remains a challenge due to the lack of biomarkers that can facilitate early detection. EC is identified in two major histological forms namely - Adenocarcinoma (EAC) and Squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), each showing differences in the incidence among populations that are geographically separated. Hence the detection of potential drug target and biomarkers demands a population-centric understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of EC. To provide an adequate impetus to the biomarker discovery for ESCC, which is the most prevalent esophageal cancer worldwide, here we have developed ESCC ATLAS, a manually curated database that integrates genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic ESCC-related genes from the published literature. It consists of 3475 genes associated to molecular signatures such as, altered transcription (2600), altered translation (560), contain copy number variation/structural variations (233), SNPs (102), altered DNA methylation (82), Histone modifications (16) and miRNA based regulation (261). We provide a user-friendly web interface (http://www.esccatlas.org, freely accessible for academic, non-profit users) that facilitates the exploration and the analysis of genes among different populations. We anticipate it to be a valuable resource for the population specific investigation and biomarker discovery for ESCC.
External Fixation versus Unreamed Tibial Intramedullary Nailing for Open Tibial Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fu Qiang , Zhu Lei , Lu Jiajia , Ma Jun , Chen Aimin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractControversy exists over whether the use of external fixation (EF) or unreamed tibial intramedullary nailing (UTN) is optimal for the treatment of open tibial fractures. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in terms of postoperative superficial and deep infection, malunion, delayed union, nonunion and hardware failure between these two treatment methods. So a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. All available randomized controlled trials that compared the clinical results of EF to those of UTN were obtained and the reported numbers of citations for each observed item were extracted to perform data synthesis. Six published randomized controlled trials with a total of 407 cases fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Data analysis revealed that UTN reduced the incidence rates of superficial infection and malunion after fixation compared with EF. However, EF led to a significant reduction in hardware failure. For postoperative deep infection, delayed union and nonunion, the treatment effects were similar between these two groups. Therefore, we recommend UTN over EF for the management of open tibial fractures. However, patients’ postoperative weight bearing should be controlled to avoid hardware failure.
Significant and conservative long-range transport of dissolved organic nutrients in the Changjiang diluted water
Authors: Kwon Hyeong Kyu , Kim Guebuem , Hwang Jeomshik , Lim Weol Ae , Park Jong Woo , Kim Tae-Hoon 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Changjiang River is one of the main nutrient sources in the northwestern Pacific marginal seas. However, most of the previous studies have neglected the long-range transport (>200 km) of riverine nutrients since they are rapidly consumed. In this study, we examined the long-range transport (200–800 km) of nutrients in the surface layer during the summer of 2017. The plots of nutrients against salinity display that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was conservative over ~800 km, while more than 99% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) was removed within 200 km. As a result, in the study region, DON concentrations (avg. 7.0 ± 1.3 µM), which are minor in the river water, were much higher than DIN concentrations (avg. 0.28 ± 0.26 µM). Both nutrients, N and P, showed a similar pattern. Our results suggest that dissolved organic nutrients play a critical role on the long-range transport of riverine nutrients in surface waters and subsequent ecosystem changes.