bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVT1 (rs13281615) and miR‐146a (rs2910164) polymorphisms affect the prognosis of colon cancer by regulating COX2 expression and cell apoptosis
Authors: Zhang Wanli , Xiao Jun , Lu Xiaoming , Liu Tao , Jin Xin , Xiao Yong , He Xiaoqi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the potential correlation between rs13281615/rs2910164 polymorphisms and the prognosis of colon cancer (CC). Taqman was utilized to genotype the rs13281615/rs2910164 polymorphisms in recruited subjects. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were calculated to study the prognostic values of different genotypes of rs13281615/rs2910164 polymorphisms. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling assays were conducted to establish a potential signaling pathway underlying the role of rs13281615/rs2910164 polymorphisms, whereas bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) as targets of microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a). No significant difference was observed in respect to clinical characteristics among subjects with different genotypes. However, patients genotyped as GG/CC + GC showed the lowest chance of survival, whereas patients of GA + AA/GG genotype showed the highest chance of survival. Moreover, the relative expressions of PVT1, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and COX2 were the lowest and the relative expression of miR‐146a was the highest in GA + AA/GG subjects, validating the roles of PVT1, miR‐146a, and COX2 in CC. In addition, both PVT1 and COX2 were identified as virtual targets of miR‐146a, and the luciferase activities of cells cotransfected with wild‐type PVT1/COX2 and miR‐146a mimics were significantly reduced. Moreover, the presence of PVT1 decreased the level of miR‐146a whereas increasing the messenger RNA and protein levels of COX2, thus establishing a PVT1/miR‐146a/COX2 signaling pathway underlying the pathogenesis of CC. The presence of rs13281615 G > A polymorphism on PVT1 and the rs2910164 C > G polymorphism on miR‐146a contributes to a favorable prognosis in CC patients via modulating the activity of the PVT1/miR‐146a/COX2 signaling pathway.
Ischemic stroke caused by arterial dissection of the internal carotid artery diagnosed by Doppler sonography in a newborn
Authors: Benavente‐Fernández Isabel , Zuazo Ojeda Amaya , Lubián‐López Simón P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternal carotid arterial dissection is a rare and probably underestimated cause of neonatal stroke. We report a case of neonatal stroke underscoring the role of Doppler sonography of the intracranial arteries for the diagnosis and follow‐up tool.
First report of the genomic characterization of rubella viruses circulating in Cameroon
Authors: Obam Mekanda Franck‐Martin , Monamele Chavely Gwladys , Simo Nemg Frédy Brice , Sado Yousseu Francine Berlange , Ndjonka Dieudonné , Kfutwah Anfumbom Kitu Womeyi , Abernathy Emily , Demanou Maurice 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRubella is an acute and contagious viral infection whose gravidity resides in infection during pregnancy, which can result in miscarriage, fetal death, stillbirth, or infants with congenital malformations. This study aimed to describe the genome of rubella viruses (RUBVs) circulating in Cameroon. Throat swabs were collected from health districts as part of the measles surveillance program from 2010 to 2016 and sent to the Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. Samples were amplified by genotyping reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in the search of two overlapping fragments of the gene that encodes the E1 envelope glycoprotein of RUBV. PCR products were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed with MEGA 6 software. Overall, 9 of 43 samples (20.93%) were successfully amplified and sequenced but only eight sequences could be exploited for phylogenetic analysis with respect to the required fragment length of 739 nucleotides. Analysis of viral sequences from Cameroon with other epidemiologically relevant sequences from around the world showed that all RUBVs belonged to lineage L1 of genotype 1G. Cameroon sequences clustered with viruses from West Africa including Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and Ghana with a percentage similarity of 95.4% to 99.2%. This study will enable an update on the molecular epidemiology of RUBV in Cameroon and help in monitoring circulating RUBV for a better implementation of elimination strategies.
Moving the paradigm from stakeholders to beneficiaries in wildlife management
Authors: Decker Daniel J. , Forstchen Ann B. , Siemer William F. , Smith Christian A. , Frohlich R. Kipp , Schiavone Michael V. , Lederle Patrick E. , Pomeranz Emily F. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTWildlife management is evolving in many ways including adaptation of philosophy and practices to contemporary ideas about governance of wildlife as public trust resources. Inherent to good governance is citizen engagement, especially regarding who is engaged and to what ends management efforts are directed. Two decades ago, the profession was encouraged to shift from a client orientation (i.e., a narrow focus on people who pay for services and products) to a stakeholder orientation (i.e., any people affected by or affecting wildlife or its management). We believe that it is time again to broaden thinking about the related questions: wildlife management for whom and for what? We argue that management needs to shift slightly from a stakeholder orientation to a beneficiary orientation. This shift may be less challenging than the earlier call for change but nevertheless has implications for practices of public engagement and for objectives and outcomes of wildlife management that bring the enterprise into better alignment with the expectations of public trust resource management. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Rate coefficients for reactions of OH radicals with CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, and CD4
Authors: Frederickson Louise Bøge , Andersen Simone Thirstrup , Nielsen Ole John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) smog chamber techniques were used to investigate the atmospheric chemistry of the isotopologues of methane. Relative rate measurements were performed to determine the kinetics of the reaction of the isotopologues of methane with OH radicals in cm3 molecule−1 s−1 units: k(CH3D + OH) = (5.19 ± 0.90) × 10−15, k(CH2D2 + OH) = (4.11 ± 0.74) × 10−15, k(CHD3 + OH) = (2.14 ± 0.43) × 10−15, and k(CD4 + OH) = (1.17 ± 0.19) × 10−15 in 700 Torr of air diluent at 296 ± 2 K. Using the determined OH rate coefficients, the atmospheric lifetimes for CH4–xDx (x = 1–4) were estimated to be 6.1, 7.7, 14.8, and 27.0 years, respectively. The results are discussed in relation to previous measurements of these rate coefficients.
Sex distribution and sex data handling in published otolaryngology research
Authors: Liang Jennifer J. , Belcastro Alexandra , Levi Jessica 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize the sex distribution and sex data handling in published otolaryngology research.Study DesignPublished research data analysis.MethodsThe total number of male and female participants, study characteristics, and sex data handling were abstracted from all original studies containing human participants published in five major otolaryngology journals from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 and January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006.ResultsOf the 1,128 studies from 2016 included in the analysis, 88.5% specified the sex of participants. There were 3,605,636 (42.1%) men and 4,515,508 (52.8%) women, with 429,006 (5.0%) participants unspecified. However, the average proportions of male and female participants (wherein studies are weighted the same, regardless of number of participants) were 0.579 and 0.421, respectively. Studies from the United States had a significantly higher proportion of women than studies from outside the United States. Subspecialties varied significantly in proportions. Average sex proportions in 2016 remained similar to those in 2006. For all studies, fewer than 40% of studies used any sex data for reporting of outcomes, for any sex‐related analysis, or for discussion of results.ConclusionsThere was a higher average proportion of male participants than female. Studies originating in the United States included a greater number of female participants than those originating elsewhere, a possible result of explicit sex‐inclusion policies governing research in the United States. Inclusion of women did not changed from 2006 to 2016, but analysis of sex data improved. Improvement of reporting, analysis, and discussion with regard to sex would benefit otolaryngology research and improve treatment for both sexes.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:E420–E427, 2019
Manipulation of Lipid Metabolism During Normothermic Machine Perfusion: Effect of Defatting Therapies on Donor Liver Functional Recovery
Authors: Boteon Yuri L. , Attard Joseph , Boteon Amanda P. C. S. , Wallace Lorraine , Reynolds Gary , Hubscher Stefan , Mirza Darius F. , Mergental Hynek , Bhogal Ricky H. , Afford Simon C. 
Published: March 2019

Strategies to increase the use of steatotic donor livers are required to tackle the mortality on the transplant waiting list. We aimed to test the efficacy of pharmacological enhancement of the lipid metabolism of human livers during ex situ normothermic machine perfusion to promote defatting and improve the functional recovery of the organs. Because of steatosis, 10 livers were discarded and were allocated either to a defatting group that had the perfusate supplemented with a combination of drugs to enhance lipid metabolism or to a control group that received perfusion fluid with vehicle only. Steatosis was assessed using tissue homogenate and histological analyses. Markers for lipid oxidation and solubilization, oxidative injury, inflammation, and biliary function were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and in‐gel protein detection. Treatment reduced tissue triglycerides by 38% and macrovesicular steatosis by 40% over 6 hours. This effect was driven by increased solubility of the triglycerides (P = 0.04), and mitochondrial oxidation as assessed by increased ketogenesis (P = 0.008) and adenosine triphosphate synthesis (P = 0.01) were associated with increased levels of the enzymes acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and acetyl‐coenzyme A synthetase. Concomitantly, defatted livers exhibited enhanced metabolic functional parameters such as urea production (P = 0.03), lower vascular resistance, lower release of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.049), and higher bile production (P = 0.008) with a higher bile pH (P = 0.03). The treatment down‐regulated the expression of markers for oxidative injury as well as activation of immune cells (CD14; CD11b) and reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines in the perfusate (tumor necrosis factor α; interleukin 1β). In conclusion, pharmacological enhancement of intracellular lipid metabolism during normothermic machine perfusion decreased the lipid content of human livers within 6 hours. It also improved the intracellular metabolic support to the organs, leading to successful functional recovery and decreased expression of markers of reperfusion injury.
Convenient Access to α‐Amino‐ω‐Hydroxyl Heterobifunctional PEG and PPO via a Sacrificial Hexahydro‐Triazine Star Strategy
Authors: Blankenburg Jan , Frey Holger 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe anionic ring opening polymerizations of ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) are performed by using 1,3,5‐triethanol hexahydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (TrAz) as a “sacrificial” trifunctional initiator. Well‐defined three‐arm star polymers are obtained with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M
w/M
n < 1.1). Molecular weights range from 3–15 kg mol−1. Since these star polymers possess an acid‐labile hexahydro‐triazine core, acidic hydrolysis leads to cleavage of the arms. This gives access to well‐defined α‐amino‐ω‐hydroxyl heterobifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) in the molecular weight range of 1–5 kg mol−1 and low dispersity M
w/M
n < 1.1. The α,ω‐heterobifunctional polyethers are valuable structures for bioconjugation. Furthermore, an acid‐labile triazine star polymer is directly used as a polyol component for the synthesis of a polyurethane network, which is stable under ambient conditions but degrades rapidly under acidic conditions.
Modulation of autophagy in human diseases strategies to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses
Authors: Xu Shouping , Sui Shiyao , Zhang Xianyu , Pang Boran , Wan Lin , Pang Da 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAutophagy is central to the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis across species. Accordingly, autophagy disorders are linked to a variety of diseases from the embryonic stage until death, and the role of autophagy as a therapeutic target has been widely recognized. However, autophagy‐associated therapy for human diseases is still in its infancy and is supported by limited evidence. In this review, we summarize the landscape of autophagy‐associated diseases and current autophagy modulators. Furthermore, we investigate the existing autophagy‐associated clinical trials, analyze the obstacles that limit their progress, offer tactics that may allow barriers to be overcome along the way and then discuss the therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators in clinical applications.
Calculations of dose point kernels of 64Cu in different media with PENELOPE Monte Carlo code
Authors: Tse Jason , Geoghegan Sean 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe unique decay properties of copper‐64 (64Cu) has made it a radionuclide of interest in theragnostic applications of nuclear medicine. This study aims to calculate the dose point kernels (DPKs) of 64Cu in various media with PENELOPE Monte Carlo code.MethodsMonte Carlo simulations were performed using PENELOPE code (version 2014). To calculate DPKs, the simulation comprised an isotropic point radiation source positioned at the origin of a spherical object of radius 50 cm. The absorbed dose along the radial direction outwards from the point source were scored with a resolution of 20 μm. Validations were firstly performed by calculating the DPKs of monoenergetic electrons and photons in water and the results were compared against the literature values. The continuous energy spectra of the beta minus and positron emissions from 64Cu were numerically modeled and used as inputs to the simulation. DPKs of 64Cu were calculated in water, soft tissue, lung tissue, and cortical bone, including all emissions types.ResultsThe simulations have been successfully validated against literature values. The largest deviations have been observed with 10 keV monoenergetic electrons with the average and maximum dose difference of −1.01% and −10.56%. The modeled energy spectra closely compared with the average energies from Brookhaven Laboratory National Nuclear Data Centre and the combined spectral shapes from the RAdiation Dose Assessment Resource (RADAR). The DPKs of 64Cu demonstrated different radial dose deposition in different media owing to the different physical density and effective atomic number.ConclusionsThe DPKs of 64Cu have been calculated with Monte Carlo simulations in four different media. They will be useful to study the dosimetric properties of 64Cu‐labeled radiopharmaceuticals and perform therapeutic dose planning.
Pflanzenfarben für den industriellen Inkjetdruck
Authors: Hoffmann Jens‐Christoph 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFür einen berührungslosen Druck müssen Färbemittel einen kräftigen, möglichst dunklen Farbton liefern und gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen wie UV‐Licht ausreichend beständig sein. Dafür eignen sich aus der Textilfärbung bekannte Pflanzenfarben.
Die Natur als Labor – Chemieunterricht im Freiland
Authors: Engl Alexander , Risch Björn 
Published: March 2019

Abstract„Natur statt Chemie“, „Chemiefreies Leben“, „Stark ohne Chemie“, die Liste an diesen aus der Werbung entnommenen Slogans ließe sich beliebig erweitern. Doch Chemie kommt überall vor, erst recht in der Natur.
Eine Ruhmeshalle für den Dünger
Authors: Weitze Marc‐Denis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJedes dritte Stickstoffatom im menschlichen Körper hat die Düngemittelindustrie durchlaufen. Dies ist außerhalb der Chemie allerdings nur wenigen bekannt. Das Futurea Science Center setzt hier an und möchte Chemie und Gesellschaft beim Thema Stickstoffdünger zusammenbringen.
Imprägnierung im Schnell‐Check
Authors: Spenner Isabelle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPerfluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe sind schlecht abbaubar, inzwischen ubiquitär und belasten Menschen und Umwelt. Sie sind Bestandteil von Imprägnierungsmitteln für Kleidung und Teppiche. Um die Belastung von Textilien zu analysieren, gibt es ein neues chromatographisches Verfahren mit überkritischem CO2 als Extraktions‐ und Laufmittel: Supercritical Fluid Extraction gekoppelt mit Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.
Blickpunkt Synthese: Neues vom alten Eisen ‐ eisenkatalysierte Kreuzkupplungen
Authors: Boehlich G. Jacob , Schützenmeister Nina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEisen galt als Hoffnungsträger in der Katalysechemie – und inzwischen wird es auch genutzt. Die Bandbreite an Oxidationsstufen, die Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste, der niedrige Preis und die geringe Toxizität machen dieses Übergangsmetall zu einem Allrounder. Trotzdem werden für Kreuzkupplungen nach wie vor Edelmetalle eingesetzt.
Bausteine für den Erfolg: Lehren, lernen, Geld einwerben
Authors: Fröhlich Carla , Vazquez Olalla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIm Juni 2018 fand der zweite Fulbright‐Cottrell Junior Professional Development Workshop in Berlin statt. Der Workshop ist eine praxisbezogene Weiterbildung für Juniorprofessoren und Gruppenleiter, die Aspekte von Lehre, Forschung, Kommunikation und Leitungsfunktionen behandelt. Ziel ist, Juniorprofessoren und Gruppenleitern das nötige Wissen und erprobte Strategien zu vermitteln, damit sie ihre Arbeit effizient verrichten und so zu Führungspersönlichkeiten werden können. An der dreitägigen Veranstaltung beteiligten sich 50 Juniorprofessoren, Gruppenleiter und Postdoktoranden der Chemie, Physik und Astronomie in Deutschland sowie 14 Schulungsleiter, allesamt Professoren, Programmdirektoren oder Referentinnen aus Deutschland und den USA. Die Idee, einen solchen Workshop in Deutschland durchzuführen, stammt von Olalla Vázquez (Universität Marburg, Deutschland) und Carla Fröhlich (NC State University, USA). Der Workshop wurde finanziell vom BMBF und Fulbright Deutschland unterstützt.
Noninvasive ablation of rabbit fetal and placental tissue targets in utero using magnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound
Authors: Piorkowska Karolina , Waspe Adam C. , Wang Tao , Mougenot Charles , Ryan Greg , Drake James M. , Gerstle Justin T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) is a potential noninvasive therapy for fetal conditions. In utero MRgHIFU delivery and proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) thermometry monitoring will control accuracy of HIFU ablation and confirm in situ tissue heating in a rabbit model.MethodsHigh‐resolution 3T MR images were acquired in late‐gestation rabbits (approximately 30 days, n = 5). HIFU sonications, using magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry as a guide, were delivered to achieve necrosis in relevant fetal targets. Thermometry, posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and follow‐up histology confirmed ablation.ResultsPlacentas (n = 14) were treated with 127 ± 34 Wac; thermometry‐indicated temperatures reached 67°C. Lungs (n = 8) were treated with 85 ± 15 Wac and reached 73°C, livers (n = 6) with 80 ± 15 Wac and reached 74°C, and kidneys (n = 5) with 100 Wac and reached 66°C. Histological changes showed focal areas of necrosis with circumferential hemorrhage and/or vasodilation, which transitioned abruptly to healthy tissue.ConclusionMRgHIFU therapy can effectively target and thermally treat specific in utero organs in this acute fetal rabbit model. PRFS gives in situ temperature control of therapy on tissues. Conceivably, MRgHIFU therapy may be applicable to specific fetal organ anomalies clinically and has the potential to improve the overall fetal outcome over traditional invasive surgical procedures.
Protocol for using compound‐specific isotope analysis in environmental forensics
Authors: McLoughlin Patrick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractForensic arguments must be demonstrably objective. A protocol is proposed to supply a framework to achieve this when using data from compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in developing forensic arguments about volatile organic carbon (VOC) contamination in groundwater. The protocol uses a “line of evidence” approach to reiteratively refine a hypothesis by testing it against each of three criteria, modifying the hypothesis if it fails or accumulating supporting evidence if it passes. The criteria are intended to organize data interpretation and to maximize use of both site data and supporting literature. Specifically, the criteria are: 1) degradation: enrichment factors and dual isotope plot (DIP) slopes; 2) hydrogeology: groundwater flow and plume shape; and 3) site history: VOC use and previous remediation work. Each of these criteria is described in detail and examples are provided for these criteria to show how each criterion can be used to identify the more plausible explanation when alternate hypotheses are presented. The protocol built upon these criteria is intended to maximize the use of supporting data and to document that support, as well as to ensure that interpretations are self consistent. The protocol is intended to be flexible and provides the framework to use exceptions as a line of evidence supporting an explanation.
The option value in Jack‐of‐all‐trades investment
Authors: Arend Richard J. 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryThe Jack‐of‐all‐trades model assumes there is demand in the economy not only for individuals who are generalists but also for those who are specialists, and that organizations need multiple skills to succeed. Thus, generalists have the option of acting as self‐employed entrepreneurs while specialists must work for corporations. This model generates empirically testable hypotheses but also holds glaring deficiencies. One deficiency is the exclusion of risk, a deficiency questionable in any model explaining entrepreneurial activity. Adding risk to the model is straightforward, but necessitates the analysis of the option value for individual investments in generalist skills. We discuss how those novel additions change the predictions and applications of the model, and what that implies for the relevant literatures in entrepreneurial human capital, activity and theory assessment.Managerial SummaryIn this conceptual paper, we correct the original Jack‐of‐all‐trades model of entrepreneurial activity for risk (and for uncertainties that can be captured as risk). Decision‐makers in human skills investments can exploit that risk using an options approach. Our correction affects the original model's predictions in several ways, including increasing expected entrepreneurial activity in contexts of high volatility concerning the economic value of such activity. A new set of predictions based on contextual volatility is identified. The new results have implications for generalist skills investments, for when to hire specialists, and for the effects of “weakest link” employees. For potential entrepreneurs, we recommend understanding the value of options thinking in personal skills investments, as well as the effects on scale that tightly held generalist skills imply.