bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry, age and origin of the Mons Claudianus TTG batholith (Egypt): insight into the role of Pan-African magmatism in uniting plates of Gondwana
Authors: ABDEL-RAHMAN ABDEL-FATTAH M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) Mons Claudianus Batholith (MCB) of Egypt is subsolvus, metaluminous to mildly peraluminous, exhibits wide ranges of SiO2, Al2O3, Sr, Rb, Zr, shows large Ba enrichment, is moderately enriched in rare earth elements (REE) and is depleted in K, Ti, Nb, Y, Hf and heavy REE (HREE), reflecting strong arc geochemical signatures. Moderate fractionation of REE and lack of Eu anomaly characterize the MCB. It is typical of high-Al TTGs of volcanic-arc affinities. U–Pb–zircon dating produced a Pan-African age of 664.12 ± 0.38 Ma. The MCB exhibits 87Sr/86Sr isotopic compositions of 0.70352–0.70626 (initial Sr ratio of 0.70259) and 143Nd/144Nd ratios of 0.51261–0.51276 (εNd; –0.5 to +2.4), suggestive of a mantle source. Anatexis of a basaltic slab under eclogitic conditions leaving garnet in the residue produces high-Al TTG rocks characterized by low Yb values (&lt;1.8 ppm). Values (in ppm) of Yb (0.65–1.8), Y (2.2–19), Nb (1.2–6.4), and ratios of Nb/Ta (7–17), (La/Yb)N of 11.7, Sr/Y and Zr/Sm (58 and 45, respectively) are all consistent with anatexis of a basaltic slab under eclogitic conditions, leaving garnet in the residue to produce this high-Al TTG suite. The data conform to magma generation via partial melting (F = 0.25–0.50) leaving 15–25 % garnet in the residue. Voluminous synorogenic magmatic pulses, resulting from slab melting during the closure of the Mozambique Ocean via convergence of east and west Gondwana, produced the MCB and similar large batholiths forming the core of Pan-African belts. These belts welded together vestiges of fragmented Rodinia, assembling them into a united Gondwana.
Characterization of Lithium Ion Battery Materials with Valence Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy
Authors: Castro Fernando C. , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCutting-edge research on materials for lithium ion batteries regularly focuses on nanoscale and atomic-scale phenomena. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is one of the most powerful ways of characterizing composition and aspects of the electronic structure of battery materials, particularly lithium and the transition metal mixed oxides found in the electrodes. However, the characteristic EELS signal from battery materials is challenging to analyze when there is strong overlap of spectral features, poor signal-to-background ratios, or thicker and uneven sample areas. A potential alternative or complementary approach comes from utilizing the valence EELS features (<20 eV loss) of battery materials. For example, the valence EELS features in LiCoO2 maintain higher jump ratios than the Li–K edge, most notably when spectra are collected with minimal acquisition times or from thick sample regions. EELS maps of these valence features give comparable results to the Li–K edge EELS maps of LiCoO2. With some spectral processing, the valence EELS maps more accurately highlight the morphology and distribution of LiCoO2 than the Li–K edge maps, especially in thicker sample regions. This approach is beneficial for cases where sample thickness or beam sensitivity limit EELS analysis, and could be used to minimize electron dosage and sample damage or contamination.
Snow Depth Structure, Fractal Behavior, and Interannual Consistency Over Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland
Authors: Clemenzi I. , Pellicciotti F. , Burlando P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSnow depth patterns over glaciers are controlled by precipitation, snow redistribution due to wind and avalanches, and the exchange of energy with the atmosphere that determines snow ablation. While many studies have advanced the understanding of ablation processes, less is known about winter snow patterns and their variability over glaciers. We analyze snow depth on Haut Glacier d'Arolla, Switzerland, in the two winter seasons 2006–2007 and 2010–2011 to (1) understand whether snow depth over an alpine glacier at the end of the accumulation season exhibits a behavior similar to the one observed on single slopes and vegetated areas; and (2) investigate the snow pattern consistency over the two accumulation seasons. We perform this analysis on a data set of high‐resolution lidar‐derived snow depth using variograms and fractal parameters. Our first main result is that snow depth patterns on the glacier exhibit a multiscale behavior, with a scale break around 20 m after which the fractal dimension increases, indicating more autocorrelated structure before the scale break than after. Second, this behavior is consistent over the two years, with fractal parameters and their spatial variability almost constant in the two seasons. We also show that snow depth patterns exhibit a distinct behavior in the glacier tongue and the upper catchment, with longer correlation distances on the tongue in the direction of the main winds, suggesting spatial distinctions that are likely induced by different processes and that should be taken into account when extrapolating snow depth from limited samples.
On the Relative Robustness of the Climate Response to High‐Latitude and Low‐Latitude Warming
Authors: Hay Stephanie , Kushner Paul J. , Blackport Russell , McCusker Kelly E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo coupled climate models, CESM1 and CanESM2, are used to isolate the climate response to Arctic sea ice loss (high‐latitude warming). The sea ice loss and radiative forcing protocols differ between the sets of experiments. This response is compared to the remaining climate change signal, which is dominated by low‐latitude warming. Some aspects of the wintertime circulation response to sea ice loss are remarkably robust: warming over much of the high latitude and midlatitude; weak cooling over eastern Eurasia, strengthening of the Aleutian Low and Siberian High, equatorward intensification of the lower tropospheric winds, and increased precipitation over high latitudes. Pattern scaling separates the parts of the response that scale with low‐latitude warming and with sea ice loss. The thermal response patterns, for both sea ice loss and low‐latitude warming, are similar between the models. However, the circulation response patterns that scale with low‐latitude warming differ between the models. Preliminary evidence shows that these conclusions apply to other models driven by distinctive sea ice loss protocols.
Diurnal Variation of Liquid Water Path Derived From Two Polar‐Orbiting FengYun‐3 MicroWave Radiation Imagers
Authors: Tang Fei , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMicroWave Radiation Imagers (MWRIs) onboard the afternoon FengYun‐3B (FY‐3B) and midmorning FengYun‐3C (FY‐3C) satellites provide global observations almost 4 times a day at any location. This study examines the diurnal cycle of the liquid water path (LWP) over the southeast Pacific Ocean using MWRI data. A double‐difference calibration method is first used to evaluate the MWRI calibration bias based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager (TMI) measurements. LWP diurnal cycle characteristics are derived from FY‐3B/C MWRI data measured in 2014. The diurnal variation of LWP from combined FY‐3B/C MWRI measurements are consistent with that derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager data. Maximum and minimum LWPs occurred in the early morning and afternoon, respectively. The largest diurnal amplitude (~40% of the mean LWP) was located near 85°W/20°S. The diurnal amplitude varied from season to season. MWRI data can provide important constraints for models simulating the cloud diurnal cycle.
The 1 May 2017 British Columbia‐Alaska Earthquake Doublet and Implication for Complexity Near Southern End of Denali Fault System
Authors: He X. , Ni S. , Zhang P. , Freymueller J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn 1 May 2017, two MW6.2 earthquakes occurred near the border of northwestern British Columbia and Alaska separated by about 2 hr in time. Despite their close distance (~10 km), the two events have different focal mechanisms, with the first featuring a reverse focal mechanism and the second strike slip. Both focal plane solutions are inconsistent with the nearby southeastern Denali fault system. To resolve their ruptured fault planes, we invert for the earthquake point source parameters and analyze rupture directivity via regional and teleseismic waveforms. We also model the near‐field GPS data and relocate the aftershocks to determine the fault planes. The results indicate that the first event ruptured updip along a steep SW‐dipping fault and the second event ruptured to the ESE along a left‐lateral fault. We infer that the earthquake doublet was related to the regional stress field and slip on the active Duke River fault. The involved faults are associated with transpression caused by the oblique collision of the Yakutat block.
Controls on Lunar Basaltic Volcanic Eruption Structure and Morphology: Gas Release Patterns in Sequential Eruption Phases
Authors: Wilson L. , Head J. W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAssessment of mare basalt gas release patterns during individual eruptions provides the basis for predicting the effect of vesiculation processes on the structure and morphology of associated features. We subdivide typical lunar eruptions into four phases: Phase 1, dike penetrates to the surface, transient gas release phase; Phase 2, dike base still rising, high‐flux hawaiian eruptive phase; Phase 3, dike equilibration, lower flux hawaiian to strombolian transition phase; and Phase 4, dike closing, strombolian vesicular flow phase. We show how these four phases of mare basalt volatile release, together with total dike volumes, initial magma volatile content, vent configuration, and magma discharge rate, can help relate the wide range of apparently disparate lunar volcanic features (pyroclastic mantles, small shield volcanoes, compound flow fields, sinuous rilles, long lava flows, pyroclastic cones, summit pit craters, irregular mare patches, and ring moat dome structures) to a common set of eruption processes.
Arctic Sea Level and Surface Circulation Response to the Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Armitage Thomas W. K. , Bacon Sheldon , Kwok Ron 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Arctic Oscillation (AO) is the leading mode of extratropical northern hemisphere atmospheric variability, affecting surface pressure, winds, temperature, and precipitation. Here we use an altimeter sea level record spanning 2003–2014, covering the ice‐covered and ice‐free ocean, to examine the influence of the AO on Arctic sea level and surface geostrophic circulation. AO‐driven alongshore wind anomalies drive cross‐shelf Ekman transport and opposing barotropic sea level anomalies between the shelf seas and deep basins of the Arctic Ocean, with maximum sea level anomaly differences across the shelf‐break of ~3 cm per unit AO index. This pattern of sea level variability generates topographically steered (generally along‐shelf) current anomalies of around 0.5 cm/s per unit AO index. AO‐driven wind variability modulates surface currents associated with Atlantic and Pacific water inflow, with opposing inflow anomalies between the Barents Sea Opening and Bering Strait.
Multiyear Observations of Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes in the Midlatitude Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region by Meteor Radar
Authors: Jia Mingjiao , Xue Xianghui , Gu Shengyang , Chen Tingdi , Ning Baiqi , Wu Jianfei , Zeng Xuanyun , Dou Xiankang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMultiyear high‐frequency gravity wave (GW) momentum fluxes and variances in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region are revealed using four meteor radars along 120°E longitude at Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes for the first time, which are located at Mohe (53.5°N, 122.3°E), Beijing (40.3°N, 116.2°E), Mengcheng (33.3°N, 116.5°E), and Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.2°E), respectively. The seasonal and latitudinal variations of GW momentum fluxes in the midlatitude are discussed. The directions of the monthly mean zonal momentum fluxes are mostly against the background mean zonal winds, which agree well with the selective filtering mechanism. The seasonal variations of meridional momentum fluxes have similar trends over all four stations. The latitudinal variations in the seasonal variation of GW momentum fluxes are mainly due to the latitudinal variations of background winds and GW sources. The unexpected eastward momentum fluxes in winter over Beijing are likely caused by the secondary GWs propagating eastward from the source region over the Tibetan Plateau (25°–40°N, 70–100°E). The GW variances show a V‐shaped structure indicating annual and semiannual variations over four stations in zonal component. A quasi‐4‐month oscillation was observed over Mohe, Mengcheng, and Wuhan in meridional component. The background winds play decisive roles in these GW variance structures.
Nitric Oxide Response to the April 2010 Electron Precipitation Event: Using WACCM and WACCM‐D With and Without Medium‐Energy Electrons
Authors: Smith‐Johnsen Christine , Marsh Daniel R. , Orsolini Yvan , Nesse Tyssøy Hilde , Hendrickx Koen , Sandanger Marit Irene , Ødegaard Linn‐Kristine Glesnes , Stordal Frode 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnergetic electrons from the magnetosphere deposit their energy in the atmosphere and lead to production of nitric oxide (NO) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. We study the atmospheric NO response to a geomagnetic storm in April 2010 with WACCM (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model). Modeled NO is compared to observations by Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment/Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere at 72–82°S latitudes. We investigate the modeled NOs sensitivity to changes in energy and chemistry. The electron energy model input is either a parameterization of auroral electrons or a full range energy spectrum (1–750 keV) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites and European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites/Meteorological Operational satellites. To study the importance of ion chemistry for the production of NO, WACCM‐D, which has more complex ion chemistry, is used. Both standard WACCM and WACCM‐D underestimate the storm time NO increase in the main production region (90–110 km), using both electron energy inputs. At and below 80 km, including medium‐energy electrons (>30 keV) is important both for NO directly produced at this altitude region and for NO transported from other regions (indirect effect). By using WACCM‐D the direct NO production is improved, while the indirect effects on NO suffer from the downward propagating deficiency above. In conclusion, both a full range energy spectrum and ion chemistry is needed throughout the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region to increase the direct and indirect contribution from electrons on NO.
Observed and Simulated Lake Effect Precipitation Over the Tibetan Plateau: An Initial Study at Nam Co Lake
Authors: Dai Yufeng , Wang Lei , Yao Tandong , Li Xiangyu , Zhu Lingjing , Zhang Xiaowen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThousands of lakes are located on the Tibetan Plateau. However, few studies examine the impacts of these lakes on local climate. To investigate lake effect precipitation over the plateau environment, we take Nam Co Lake as a case study, due to its large size and the availability of in situ observations. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, the impacts of Nam Co Lake on downwind precipitation events (i.e., the generation and causes) are studied quantitatively. First, we compare meteorological station observations downwind of the lake with observations from other nearby stations. In total, four stations are located around Nam Co Lake in different directions, and these stations accurately represent the spatial distribution of observed precipitation. The largest amount of precipitation is observed at Nam Co station (downwind) in October, and this precipitation amount is more than twice that observed at the other three stations. Second, simulations are carried out using the WRF model, and the results show that WRF model accurately captures the precipitation events that occurred at Nam Co station in October 2006. Finally, the WRF_lake and WRF_nolake simulations, which do and do not include the lake, respectively, are carried out using the WRF model. Nam Co Lake caused an increase in precipitation of up to 70% downwind of the lake on 24 October 2006. The simulation results also show that the lake caused an increase in precipitation of up to 60% over the lake's area and downwind of the lake in October of 2006.
Using the Linearized Observation Operator to Calculate Observation Space Ensemble Perturbations in Ensemble Filters
Authors: Shlyaeva Anna , Whitaker Jeffrey S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWithin the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service, the hybrid ensemble‐variational system (Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation, GSI) is run together with the 80‐member ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) operationally for the global forecast data assimilation system. EnSRF uses observation operator from GSI: current operational configuration requires 81 runs of GSI in the observation operator mode to run EnSRF (for each of the 80 ensemble members and for the ensemble mean). To reduce data assimilation cycle computation time, a GSI‐EnSRF configuration that requires a single run of the GSI system in the observation operator mode was developed. In this configuration EnSRF uses full observation operator for the ensemble mean and linearized observation operator for the ensemble perturbations. Comparison of the two approaches shows that using linearized observation operator for ensemble perturbations compared to using full observation operator does not change the analysis results significantly and allows to reduce overall data assimilation cycle computation time.
Probabilistic Forecasting of Nitrogen Dynamics in Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Boso Francesca , Marzadri Alessandra , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNitrification‐denitrification processes in the hyporheic zone control the dynamics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species and can lead to production of nitrous oxide, which contributes to the greenhouse effect. We consider DIN dynamics in an advection‐dominated regime, wherein transport and reactions occur along streamlines crossing hyporheic sediments. Our focus is on the impact of uncertainty in both stream water quality and rate constants of the subsurface reactions on predictions of DIN concentrations. We derive equations for a joint probability density function (PDF), and corresponding marginal PDFs and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), of the species concentrations. Their derivation requires a novel closure, which depends on the mean and (co)variance of the species concentrations. We use streamline coordinates to reduce the dimensionality of the PDF/CDF equations and, hence, the computational effort of solving them. For the sake of completeness, we also present similar equations in Cartesian coordinates. By providing a complete probabilistic description of species concentrations at the bedform scale, our PDF/CDF equations allow one to evaluate the impact of random spatiotemporal variability in the inputs on the DIN dynamics. They yield physically based prior distributions for data assimilation and can be deployed to guide measurement campaigns by identifying regions with the largest predictive uncertainty.
Contrasting effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on early and late stage decomposition in a boreal forest
Authors: Sterkenburg Erica , Clemmensen Karina E , Ekblad Alf , Finlay Roger D , Lindahl Björn D 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi have received increasing attention as regulators of below-ground organic matter storage. They are proposed to promote organic matter accumulation by suppressing saprotrophs, but have also been suggested to play an active role in decomposition themselves. Here we show that exclusion of tree roots and associated ectomycorrhizal fungi in a boreal forest increased decomposition of surface litter by 11% by alleviating nitrogen limitation of saprotrophs–a “Gadgil effect”. At the same time, root exclusion decreased Mn-peroxidase activity in the deeper mor layer by 91%. Our results show that ectomycorrhizal fungi may hamper short-term litter decomposition, but also support a crucial role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in driving long-term organic matter oxidation. These observations stress the importance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in regulation of below-ground organic matter accumulation. By different mechanisms they may either hamper or stimulate decomposition, depending upon stage of decomposition and location in the soil profile.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Aberrant mannosylation profile and FTX/miR-342/ALG3-axis
contribute to development of drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Liu Bing , Ma Xiaolu , Liu Qianqian , Xiao Yang , Pan Shimeng , Jia Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrug-resistance is a major problem in acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
chemotherapy. Aberrant changes in specific N-glycans have been observed in leukemia multidrug resistance (MDR).
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as key players in the
development of AML resistance to chemotherapy. In the present study, the N-glycan profiles of membrane proteins were analyzed
from adriamycin (ADR)-resistant U937/ADR cells and sensitive line U937 cells using
mass spectrometry (MS). The composition profiling of high-mannose N-glycans differed in U937/ADR and U937 cell lines.
Lectin microarray showed that the strong binding of membrane proteins was observed
for MAN-M and ConA lectins, which were specific for mannose. These binding were also
validated by flow cytometry. Importantly, the alteration of high-mannose N-glycan was further confirmed by detecting the enzyme
level of ALG family. The altered level of ALG3 was found corresponding to the
drug-resistant phenotype of AML cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.
Mechanistically, miR-342 was found to be dysregulated and inversely correlated to
ALG3 expression, targeting its 3′-UTR. LncRNA FTX was a direct target of miR-342 and
positively modulated ALG3 expression by competitively binding miR-342 in AML cell
lines. Functionally, we found that FTX directly interacted with miR-342 to regulate
ALG3 expression and function, including ADR-resistant cell growth and apoptosis. The
observation suggested that high-mannose N-glycans
and mannosyltransferase ALG3 affected drug-resistance in AML cells. FTX/miR-342/ALG3
axis could potentially be used for the targets to overcome therapeutic resistance in
AML.