bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of short‐term re‐presentations to a regional emergency department
Authors: Millhouse Madison GE , Davies Matthew J , Tankel Alan S 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aims to describe the characteristics of early ED re‐presentations in a regional hospital in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of all patients re‐presenting within 72 h of discharge from Coffs Harbour Base Hospital ED, a regional ED, for the 2016–2017 financial year. Presentations were categorised according to their diagnosis and cause for re‐presentation.ResultsOf the 38 986 presentations to the ED within the study period, 2125 patients met re‐presentation inclusion criteria (5.45%). Diagnoses most likely to re‐present were injury/trauma (18.8%), gastrointestinal (14.8%) and psychiatric (12.5%). The most common cause for re‐presentation was disease progression (32.7%). Patients aged over 66 were the most likely to be admitted on re‐presentation (35.8%) followed by the 17–65 age group (24.2%) and the <16 age group (18.7%).ConclusionsRe‐presentations were common, but did not lead to increased admissions. The regional hospital in the present study had a higher 72 h ED re‐presentation rate than the comparative major city hospital. In particular, paediatric and psychiatric re‐presentations were a greater burden to the regional ED. This may be secondary to a lack of alternative services, particularly for these patient groups. Improving these outpatient services may help to reduce the burden of 72 h ED re‐presentations.
On the importance of accounting for intraspecific genomic relatedness in multi‐species studies
Authors: Joly Simon , Flynn Dan F. B. , Wolkovich Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalyses in many fields of ecology are increasingly considering multiple species and multiple individuals per species. Premises of statistical tests are often violated with such datasets because of the non‐independence of residuals due to phylogenetic relationships or intraspecific population structure. If comparative approaches that account for the phylogenetic relationships of species are well developed and their benefits demonstrated, the importance of considering the intraspecific genetic structure, especially in combination with the phylogenetic structure, has rarely been addressed.We investigated whether it is beneficial to account for intraspecific genomic relatedness in multi‐species studies. For this, we used a phylogenetic mixed model to analyse first a suite of simulated data and then results from one example ecological study—a budburst experiment where clippings of 10 tree and shrub species were subjected to different temperatures and photoperiods.We found that accounting for intraspecific genetic structure yields more accurate and precise fixed effects as well as increased statistical power, but more so when the relative importance of the intraspecific to the phylogenetic genetic structure is greater. Analysis of the budburst experiment further showed that accounting for intraspecific and phylogenetic structures yields improved estimates of warming and photoperiod effects and their interaction in explaining the time to budburst.Our results show that statistical gains can be made by incorporating information on the intraspecific genomic relatedness of individuals in multi‐species studies. This is relevant to investigations that are interested in intraspecific variation and that plan to include such observations in statistical tests.
Nursing home resident deaths due to road trauma and the potential roles for nursing home providers to promote public safety
Authors: Lee Hui‐Ching , Ibrahim Joseph E. , Koppel Sjaan , Johnson Marilyn , Bugeja Lyndal 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis commentary aimed to determine whether nursing home (NH) providers have a responsibility for the safe mobility of residents outside the facility.MethodsThe Safe System approach was applied to NH resident road safety, and fatality crash data involving NH residents were reviewed, to identify potential countermeasures to prevent injurious road crashes for older people living in a NH.ResultsViewing NH resident road safety through the Safe System approach identified actions that NH providers can take to actively contribute to: safe roads/roadsides for residents by better land use, infrastructure and design improvements; ensuring vehicles purchased and used for transporting residents have safety features; safe speed zones within and on nearby streets to NH; and safer road user behaviour through ensuring travel care plans for each resident.ConclusionApplying the Safe System approach has provided new and innovative insights into how road safety can be improved for NH residents.
Nine genes abundantly expressed in the epididymis are not essential for male fecundity in mice
Authors: Noda T. , Sakurai N. , Nozawa K. , Kobayashi S. , Devlin D. J. , Matzuk M. M. , Ikawa M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpermatozoa become competent for fertilization during transit through the epididymis. As spermatozoa from the proximal caudal epididymis can fertilize eggs, proteins from the caput and corpus epididymis are required for sperm maturation.ObjectivesMicroarray analysis identified that more than 17,000 genes are expressed in the epididymis; however, few of these genes demonstrate expression restricted to the epididymis. To analyze epididymis‐enriched gene function in vivo, we generated knockout (KO) mutations in nine genes that are abundantly expressed in the caput and corpus region of the epididymis.Materials and methodsKO mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The histology of the epididymis was observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. KO males were caged with wild‐type females for 3–6 months to check fertility.ResultsWe generated individual mutant mouse lines having indel mutations in Pate1, Pate2, or Pate3. We also deleted the coding regions of Clpsl2, Epp13, and Rnase13, independently. Finally, the 150 kb region encoding Gm1110, Glb1l2, and Glb1l3 was deleted to generate a triple KO mouse line. Histology of the epididymis and sperm morphology of all KO lines were comparable to control males. The females mated with these KO males delivered pups at comparable numbers as control males.Discussion and conclusionWe revealed that nine genes abundantly expressed in the caput and corpus epididymis are dispensable for sperm function and male fecundity. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated KO mice generation accelerates the screening of epididymis‐enriched genes for potential functions in reproduction.
Dried blood samples can support monitoring of infliximab concentrations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A clinical validation
Authors: Berends Sophie E. , D'Haens Geert R. A. M. , Schaap Tiny , de Vries Annick , Rispens Theo , Bloem Karien , Mathôt Ron A. A. 
Published: March 2019

AimsTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can optimize the efficacy of infliximab (IFX) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because of the delay between blood samples taken at trough and availability of results, dose adjustments can only be carried out at the next infusion, typically 8 weeks later. Dried blood samples (DBS) performed at home to measure IFX concentrations can reduce the time to adapt dose/dosing interval. Here, we aimed to validate the clinical application of DBS for IFX in IBD patients and to evaluate the feasibility of home sampling.MethodsDBS results from 40 IBD patients on IFX treatment were compared to serum sample results at trough, peak, and 3–5 weeks after IFX infusion. Subsequently, patients performed DBS home sampling one week before the next IFX infusion. These were compared to serum concentrations as predicted by Bayesian analysis.ResultsIFX concentrations from finger prick and venous puncture correlate well. DBS IFX concentrations showed high correlation with serum IFX concentrations (Spearman correlation: ≥0.965), without bias. Passing‐Bablok regression for IFX concentrations in DBS from home sampling also showed no bias (intercept: 1.02 mg L−1 (95% CI −1.77–2.04 mg L−1), slope: 0.82 (95% CI 0.63–1.40)), with reasonable correlation (Spearman correlation: 0.671).ConclusionsTimely adjustment of IFX dose/dosing interval can be facilitated by IFX concentration measurement in home‐sampled DBS. DBS is a reliable method to measure IFX and can be used to predict IFX trough concentrations.
The role of optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy in moderating the relation between health comparisons and subjective well‐being: Results of a nationally representative longitudinal study among older adults
Authors: Hajek André , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesIt has been shown that negative health comparisons (i.e., when one's health is viewed as worse than the health of relevant others) are associated with subjective well‐being (SWB). However, it remains an open question whether negative consequences of health comparisons on SWB might be attenuated by moderating resilience factors. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy moderate the relationship between health comparisons and SWB using a longitudinal approach.DesignData from wave 3 (2008) to wave 5 (2014) of the German Ageing Survey which is a representative sample of community‐dwelling individuals in Germany (≥40 years) were investigated.MethodsValidated scales were used to measure optimism, self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and SWB. Linear fixed effects regressions were used (with n = 17,136 observations).ResultsRegressions revealed that optimism moderates the relationship between negative health comparisons and negative as well as positive affect. Furthermore, self‐efficacy moderates the relationship between negative health comparisons and life satisfaction as well as negative affect. Self‐esteem moderates the relationship between health comparisons and negative as well as positive affect.ConclusionThe study findings suggest that the negative consequences of negative health comparisons might be attenuated by optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy. Thus, programs aiming at increasing optimism, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy might be helpful to maintain SWB.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

One recent study has investigated the relation between health comparisons and subjective well‐being (SWB).

Longitudinal studies are missing investigating the moderating factors in this relation.

What does this study add?

Our longitudinal study examined whether resilience factors moderate the relationship between health comparisons and SWB.

Optimism moderates the relationship between health comparisons and negative as well as positive affect.

Self‐efficacy moderates the relation between health comparisons and cognitive well‐being and negative affect.
Analgesic transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1‐active compounds inhibit native and recombinant T‐type calcium channels
Authors: McArthur Jeffrey R. , Finol‐Urdaneta Rocio K. , Adams David J. 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeT‐type calcium (Cav3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1) channels play central roles in the control of excitability in the peripheral nervous system and are regarded as potential therapeutic pain targets. Modulators that either activate or inhibit TRPV1‐mediated currents display analgesic properties in various pain models despite opposing effects on their connate target, TRPV1. We explored the effects of TRPV1‐active compounds on Cav3‐mediated currents.Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell patch clamp recordings were used to examine the effects of TRPV1‐active compounds on rat dorsal root ganglion low voltage‐activated calcium currents and recombinant Cav3 isoforms in expression systems.Key ResultsThe classical TRPV1 agonist capsaicin as well as TRPV1 antagonists A‐889425, BCTC, and capsazepine directly inhibited Cav3 channels. These compounds altered the voltage‐dependence of activation and inactivation of Cav3 channels and delayed their recovery from inactivation, leading to a concomitant decrease in T‐type current availability. The TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine potently inhibited Cav3.1 and 3.2 channels (KD < 120 nM), as demonstrated by its slow off rate. In contrast, neither the TRPV1 agonists, Palvanil and resiniferatoxin, nor the TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810 modulated Cav3‐mediated currents.Conclusions and ImplicationsAnalgesic TRPV1‐active compounds inhibit Cav3 currents in native and heterologous systems. Hence, their analgesic effects may not be exclusively attributed to their actions on TRPV1, which has important implications in the current understanding of nociceptive pathways. Importantly, our results highlight the need for attention in the experimental design used to address the analgesic properties of Cav3 channel inhibitors.
Action of MK‐7264 (gefapixant) at human P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors and in vivo efficacy in models of sensitisation
Authors: Richards David , Gever Joel R. , Ford Anthony P. , Fountain Samuel J. 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeThe P2X3 receptor is an ATP‐gated ion channel expressed by sensory afferent neurons and is used as a target to treat chronic sensitisation conditions. The first‐in‐class, selective P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptor antagonist, the diaminopyrimidine MK‐7264 (gefapixant), has progressed to Phase III trials for refractory or unexplained chronic cough. We used patch clamp to elucidate the pharmacology and kinetics of MK‐7264 and rat models of hypersensitivity and hyperalgesia to test its efficacy on these conditions.Experimental ApproachWhole‐cell patch clamp of 1321N1 cells expressing human P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors was used to determine mode of MK‐7264 action, potency, and kinetics. The analgesic efficacy was assessed using paw withdrawal threshold and limb weight distribution in rat models of inflammatory, osteoarthritic, and neuropathic sensitisation.Key ResultsMK‐7264 is a reversible allosteric antagonist at human P2X3 and P2X2/3 receptors. Experiments with the slowly desensitising P2X2/3 heteromer revealed concentration‐ and state‐dependency to wash‐on, with faster rates and greater inhibition when applied before agonist compared to during agonist application. The wash‐on rate (τ value) for MK‐7264 at maximal concentrations was much lower when applied before compared to during agonist application. In vivo, MK‐7264 displayed efficacy comparable to naproxen in inflammatory and osteoarthritic sensitisation models and gabapentin in neuropathic sensitisation models, increasing paw withdrawal threshold and decreasing weight‐bearing discomfort.Conclusions and ImplicationsMK‐7264 is a reversible and selective P2X3 and P2X2/3 antagonist, exerting allosteric antagonism via preferential activity at closed channels. Its efficacy in rat models supports its clinical investigation for chronic sensitisation conditions.
Oral administration of a new HRI activator as a new strategy to improve high‐fat‐diet‐induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia through FGF21
Authors: Zarei Mohammad , Pujol Eugènia , Quesada‐López Tania , Villarroya Francesc , Barroso Emma , Vázquez Santiago , Pizarro‐Delgado Javier , Palomer Xavier , Vázquez‐Carrera Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Background and PurposeFGF21 has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus due to its antidiabetic effects, and this has led to the development of long‐acting analogues of FGF21. However, these compounds have some limitations, including a need to be administered by s.c. injection and their prolonged pharmacodynamic effect compared with native FGF21, which might be responsible for their reported side effects.Experimental ApproachWe have previously demonstrated that i.p. administration of haem‐regulated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α kinase (HRI) activators increases hepatic and circulating levels of FGF21. In this study, we examined the effects of p.o. administration of a new HRI activator, EPB‐53, on high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced glucose intolerance, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia, and compared them with those of metformin.Key ResultsEPB‐53 administration for the last 2 weeks, to mice fed a HFD for 10 weeks, reduced body weight gain, improved glucose intolerance, and prevented hepatic steatosis and hypertriglyceridaemia, whereas metformin only ameliorated glucose intolerance. Moreover, EPB‐53, similar to the reported effects of FGF21, reduced lipogenesis in cultured human hepatocytes and in the liver of mice fed a HFD. Administration of EPB‐53 to Fgf21‐knockout mice had no effects, demonstrating that its efficacy is dependent on this hormone.Conclusions and ImplicationsOverall, the findings of this study demonstrate that p.o. administration of HRI activators, by increasing FGF21, is a promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Trust and Discipline: Adolescents’ Institutional and Teacher Trust Predict Classroom Behavioral Engagement following Teacher Discipline
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Fine Adam , Wang Ming‐Te 
Published: March 2019

This daily diary study examined how adolescents’ institutional and teacher‐specific trust predicted classroom behavioral engagement the day after being disciplined by that teacher. Within mathematics classrooms, adolescents (N = 190; Mage = 14 years) reported institutional and teacher‐specific trust and then completed a 15‐day diary assessing teacher discipline and behavioral engagement. The results indicated that, among adolescents with low teacher trust, discipline was unrelated to next‐day behavior. Contrastingly, adolescents with high teacher but low institutional trust became less engaged following discipline, whereas those with high teacher and institutional trust became more engaged. These findings suggest that adolescents interpret discipline within the social context of trust, and adolescents’ trust in the institution and teacher are important for discipline to improve behavior.
Transactional Links Between Social Anxiety Symptoms and Parenting Across Adolescence: Between‐ and Within‐Person Associations
Authors: Nelemans Stefanie A. , Keijsers Loes , Colpin Hilde , van Leeuwen Karla , Bijttebier Patricia , Verschueren Karine , Goossens Luc 
Published: March 2019

This 4‐year longitudinal multi‐informant study examined between‐ and within‐person associations between adolescent social anxiety symptoms and parenting (parental psychological control and autonomy support). A community sample of 819 adolescents (46.1% girls; MageT1 = 13.4 years) reported annually on social anxiety symptoms and both adolescents and mothers reported on parenting. Between‐person associations suggested that adolescent social anxiety symptoms were associated with higher adolescent‐ and mother‐reported psychological control and lower mother‐reported autonomy support. At the within‐person level, however, mothers reported lower psychological control and higher autonomy support after periods with higher adolescent social anxiety symptoms. Our findings illustrate the importance of distinguishing among between‐person and within‐person associations and including perceptions of both dyad members in longitudinal research concerning parenting and adolescent mental health.
Patterns of daily activity among young people with epilepsy
Authors: Ronen Gabriel M , Janssen Ian 
Published: March 2019

AimTo: (1) explore how young people with epilepsy spend time on physical activity, screen‐time, and sleep in a 24‐hour period; (2) compare these findings to young people without epilepsy; and (3) evaluate the findings relative to the Canadian 24‐hour movement guidelines for children and youth.MethodThe study is based on Canadian data from the 2013 to 2014 ‘Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children study’ (HBSC), a cross‐sectional sample of young people aged 10 to 17 years. Three groups participated: 163 young people with epilepsy, 3613 young people with non‐neurological conditions, and 18 339 population norms. Self‐reported activity data were compared across groups.ResultsDemographics were similar across groups. Young people with epilepsy spent 5.8 hours per week on moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity versus 5.6 hours per week in population norms; 32% met the recommended 1 hour or more per day. Screen‐time was 8.7 hours per day versus 7.4 hours per day in population norms; only 5.4% met the 2 hours or less per day recommendation. Sleep duration was 10.2 hours per day versus 9.8 hours per day in population norms, and 50.7% met the recommendation. Overall, 25.7% of young people with epilepsy did not meet any of the guidelines, 60.5% met one, 13.5% met two, and 0.3% met all three recommendations; whereas 2.8% of population norms and 2% of young people with non‐neurological conditions met all three recommendations.InterpretationThese data could inform future interventions and alert policy‐makers, health care professionals, parents, educators, and advocacy‐groups to the low adherence of young people with epilepsy with Canadian guidelines and their risk for poor health.What this paper adds

Young people with epilepsy adhere poorly to Canadian guidelines for daily sleep duration, physical activity, and sedentary screen time.

Young people with epilepsy accumulate more screen‐time than those with non‐neurological conditions or population norms.
Anthropometric measurements to identify undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Duran Ibrahim , Martakis Kyriakos , Rehberg Mirko , Semler Oliver , Schoenau Eckhard 
Published: March 2019

AimTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of anthropometric indicators to identify undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe present study was a monocentric retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data among children and adolescents with CP participating in a rehabilitation program. Undernutrition was defined as a z‐score for dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) determined body fat percentage less or equal to −2.0. The cut‐off values for body mass index (BMI) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the cut‐off values for BMI and height for age of the Robert Koch Institut (RKI) were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 329 children with CP (181 males, 148 females, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–V) were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 12 years 4 months (SD 2y 9mo). The BMI cut‐off values showed the following sensitivities and specificities: WHO, sensitivity of 0.474 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.244–0.711), specificity of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.857–0.928); CDC, sensitivity of 0.632 (95% CI: 0.384–0.837), specificity of 0.819 (95% CI: 0.772–0.861); RKI, sensitivity of 0.789 (95% CI: 0.544–0.939), specificity of 0.732 (95% CI: 0.679–0.781); and for height for age, sensitivity of 0.263 (95% CI: 0.091–0.512), specificity of 0.668 (95% CI: 0.612–0.720).InterpretationBMI had a high specificity but very low sensitivity in identifying undernutrition in children with CP. Z‐scores for height for age had even lower specificity and sensitivity and seemed not to be appropriate for predicting undernutrition in children with CP.What this paper adds

Body mass index (BMI) z‐scores had a high specificity but very low sensitivity in identifying undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Height z‐scores were not appropriate for predicting undernutrition in children with CP.

Undernutrition assessed by BMI was overestimated in children with CP versus when assessed by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA).