bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative Data for Two Working Memory Tasks in Spanish-Speaking US-Dwelling Adults
Authors: Seider T , Gooding A , Marquine M J , Suarez P , Rivera Mindt M , Heaton R K , Artiola i Fortuny L , Cherner M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Working memory assessment is an important component of a neuropsychological evaluation. The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Third Edition Letter Number Sequencing subtest (LNS) are two commonly used measures of working memory. Demographic variables (age, education, ethnicity, and country of origin) can impact performance on these measures, underscoring the need for demographically adjusted norms when utilizing these tests. We aimed to develop normative data for the PASAT and LNS for Spanish-speaking adults living in the US.

Participants and Method
The PASAT and LNS were administered to Spanish-speaking adults living in the US-Mexico border regions of California and Arizona as part of a larger normative effort in this population. Two hundred and forty-nine participants completed the PASAT and a subset (n = 202) also completed LNS. Ages ranged from 19-60 and education from 0-20 years.

Results
Older age was associated with lower scores on LNS (p &lt; .01), but not the PASAT. Lower education was associated with lower scores on both tests (ps &lt; .001). Females obtained lower raw scores than males on the PASAT (ps &lt; .003), and there were no significant main effects of gender on LNS raw scores. Raw-to-scaled score conversions were calculated for the PASAT-50 item, PASAT-200 item, and LNS, and fractional polynomial equations were developed to calculate demographically-adjusted T-scores accounting for age, education, and gender. Published norms for English-speaking non-Hispanic Whites drastically overestimated rates of impairment (defined as T-score &lt; 40) on both the PASAT and LNS.

Conclusions
The use of the population-specific normative data may improve detection of working memory dysfunction in Spanish-speaking adults living in the US and contribute to improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning in this population.
Application of the ECLECTIC Framework on a Pediatric Case
Authors: Moss N , MacDonald B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The ECLECTIC Framework (Fujii, 2018) provides seven components that are pertinent for understanding culturally diverse cases. Education and literacy, Culture and acculturation, Language, Economics, Communication, Testing situation, Intelligence conceptualization, and Context of immigration may impact neuropsychological test performance. Presented within this pediatric case study are examples of common difficulties encountered in conducting evaluations with ethnic and linguistic minorities, as well as considerations to increase equity and validity throughout the evaluation process.

Case Description
Maria is a 10-year-old, Spanish speaking female who moved from Cuba to the United States in November 2017. Maria relocated with her mother, who was pregnant at the time, and the family lives with Maria’s maternal great aunt. Per evaluations completed in Cuba, Maria has a history of intellectual disability, scoliosis, and untreated seizures. Although not documented, Maria’s mother reported that Maria has a prior diagnosis of “mild autism” made in Cuba. Maria receives special education services in the United States and previously received services in Cuba. Home language and academic instruction are in Spanish.

Diagnostic Impressions and Outcomes
Cognitive abilities are severely impaired and similar to those of a child between the ages of 2 and 4, with social skills showing more delay. Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, with accompanying intellectual (Intellectual Disability, Severe) and language impairments is confirmed. A family history of intellectual deficits due to a genetic condition was reported. Consultations with both Neurology and Genetics/Dysmorphology services are highly recommended to understand the etiology of Maria’s significant and globally diffused impairments.

Discussion
For pediatric cases, the ECLECTIC Framework requires the components to consider the child in the context of their family and the intersectionality between parent and child.

References
Fujii, D. E. (2018) Developing a cultural context for conducting a neuropsychological evaluation with a culturally diverse client: The ECLECTIC framework. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 32(8), 1356-1392, DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2018.1435826.
Cultural and Linguistic Competency Training from a Socially Responsible Neuropsychology Model: Perspectives from Trainees
Authors: Diaz-Santos M , Suarez P , Cavanagh L , Yañez J , Ramirez E , Gracian E , Cagigas X E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Cultural Neuropsychology Program (CNP) is the sole bilingual clinical training program specifically focused on culturally and linguistically competent neuropsychological services to the Latino/a population in the UCLA Health System. Following the Socially Responsible Neuropsychology Model (SRN; Suarez et al., 2016), trainees learn the best practices in providing equitable clinical care to all patients irrespective of their background. The current paper discusses various trainees’ professional development in the process of becoming culturally and linguistically competent clinical neuropsychologists.

Method
The use of case studies illustrates the competency paradigm shift trainees encounter when systematically integrating the SRN model with their clinical training. Three components of the model are emphasized: (1) integration of Etic and Emic approaches during the clinical intake, (2) merging psychometric properties with qualitative processes to compensate for the cultural-linguistic limitations of mainstream gold-standard neuropsychological tools, and (3) becoming an advocate through this social justice framework.

Outcomes
All trainees were previously exposed to the foundational - and typically required - knowledge-based competency model of understanding and appreciating cultural-individual differences and diversity in neuropsychology. Attaining cultural and linguistic competency through the SRN model, however, requires a salient paradigm shift in all skill-based competencies that trainees may not have been prepared for through their previous education.

Discussion
By presenting trainees’ perspectives regarding their professional development, the importance of the explicit and systematic integration of fundamental brain-behavior relationships with the SRN model early in graduate training is highlighted. In so doing, this approach can ultimately augment the number of culturally- and linguistically-competent neuropsychologists needed to reduce health disparities.

References
Suárez, P., Casas, R., Lechuga, D., Cagigas, X. Socially Responsible Neuropsychology in Action: Another Opportunity for California to Lead the Way. Feature in The California Psychologist. Fall of 2016.
The False Hope of Becoming a Neuropsychologist. A Call for Action!
Authors: Furtado M , Ríos-Vázquez I , Sanderson Brown S , Belén K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The Problem
According to the Census Bureau, the number of immigrants living in the US will increase to 69 million by 2060. Unfortunately, the number of international neuropsychologists who practice in the U.S. is behind in terms of this expected shift in the population. This is not due to a lack of interest - as many international students are accepted into neuropsychology doctoral programs each year. However, the acquisition of appropriate postdoctoral training proves to be a significant challenge. In general, the required two-year postdoctoral positions in neuropsychology are competitive, as they should be; however, international students are at a remarkable disadvantage. They cannot stay in the U.S. without a sponsor for a visa after a year of graduating, thus placing them in a disadvantaged state to secure a neuropsychology postdoctoral position.

The Impact
Given the projected population changes, neuropsychological assessments will have to be adjusted, new norms will need to be collected, and providers who speak non-English languages will be in higher demand. International neuropsychologists contribute to the field of neuropsychology through the addition of cultural competence, the enrichment in our understanding of cognition across racial and ethnic groups, and the development and selection of tests from a different perspective. In addition, they strengthen research pursuits, increase access to high-quality healthcare service to minorities, and provide quality service to non-English speaking patients. Finally, they can disseminate quality neuropsychological services throughout the world.

Call for Action
We encourage all neuropsychologists to create an action plan to support international students. There are many ways in which this could be accomplished: advocate to your human resource department to sponsor international students, educate yourself on the barriers and the process of sponsoring a work/training visa, and assist international students in strengthening their training experience with research, authorship, and collaboration.
The Kinematics of Breasts Implanted With a Reduced Mass Implant: A Pilot Study
Authors: Norris Michelle , Jones Melissa , Mills Chris , Blackmore Tim , Inglefield Chris , Wakefield-Scurr Joanna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast implants may increase breast skin tension and interact with surrounding tissues to alter breast position and motion during dynamic activity. Reducing implant mass and changing implant location (submuscular/subglandular) may also affect breast kinematics and the subsequent loads on breast structures.

Objectives
The aim of this pilot study was to describe the kinematics of breasts augmented with reduced-mass implants during standing, walking, and running, compared with natural breasts, and to provide insight into how implant location (submuscular/subglandular) alters breast kinematics.

Methods
Two breast augmentation participants (12–15 months postsurgery: 32AA presurgery, anatomical submuscular 255 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant; 32A presurgery, anatomical subglandular 285 cc B-Lite reduced-mass implant) and 2 natural-breasted participants of similar breast size and anthropometrics were recruited. Nipple and torso positional data were recorded with electromagnetic sensors during standing, walking, and running. Nipple kinematics relative to the torso were calculated.

Results
The B-Lite participants both displayed greater nipple projection and elevation during standing and a 50% reduction in nipple acceleration during walking, when compared with their natural counterparts. During running, the B-Lite subglandular participant displayed decreased nipple kinematics compared with her natural counterpart and lower nipple kinematics compared with the B-Lite submuscular participant during walking and running.

Conclusions
A combination of implant location (subglandular) and reduced mass minimized nipple kinematics during running. Reducing nipple kinematics during dynamic activity may decrease the loading on breast structures, helping to decrease ptosis and increase the longevity of procedure outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 4
Applying citizen science to gene, drug and disease relationship extraction from biomedical abstracts
Authors: Tsueng Ginger , Nanis Max , Fouquier Jennifer T , Mayers Michael , Good Benjamin M , Su Andrew I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Biomedical literature is growing at a rate that outpaces our ability to harness the knowledge contained therein. To mine valuable inferences from the large volume of literature, many researchers use information extraction algorithms to harvest information in biomedical texts. Information extraction is usually accomplished via a combination of manual expert curation and computational methods. Advances in computational methods usually depend on the time-consuming generation of gold standards by a limited number of expert curators. Citizen science is public participation in scientific research. We previously found that citizen scientists are willing and capable of performing named entity recognition of disease mentions in biomedical abstracts, but did not know if this was true with relationship extraction (RE).

Results
In this article, we introduce the Relationship Extraction Module of the web-based application Mark2Cure (M2C) and demonstrate that citizen scientists can perform RE. We confirm the importance of accurate named entity recognition on user performance of RE and identify design issues that impacted data quality. We find that the data generated by citizen scientists can be used to identify relationship types not currently available in the M2C Relationship Extraction Module. We compare the citizen science-generated data with algorithm-mined data and identify ways in which the two approaches may complement one another. We also discuss opportunities for future improvement of this system, as well as the potential synergies between citizen science, manual biocuration and natural language processing.

Availability and implementation
Mark2Cure platform: https://mark2cure.org; Mark2Cure source code: https://github.com/sulab/mark2cure; and data and analysis code for this article: https://github.com/gtsueng/M2C_rel_nb.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Debridement, Antibiotics, and Implant Retention Is a Viable Treatment Option for Early Periprosthetic Joint Infection Presenting More Than 4 Weeks After Index Arthroplasty
Authors: Löwik Claudia A M , Parvizi Javad , Jutte Paul C , Zijlstra Wierd P , Knobben Bas A S , Xu Chi , Goswami Karan , Belden Katherine A , Sousa Ricardo , Carvalho André , Martínez-Pastor Juan Carlos , Soriano Alex , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The success of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) in early periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) largely depends on the presence of a mature biofilm. At what time point DAIR should be disrecommended is unknown. This multicenter study evaluated the outcome of DAIR in relation to the time after index arthroplasty.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated PJIs occurring within 90 days after surgery and treated with DAIR. Patients with bacteremia, arthroscopic debridements, and a follow-up &lt;1 year were excluded. Treatment failure was defined as (1) any further surgical procedure related to infection; (2) PJI-related death; or (3) use of long-term suppressive antibiotics.

Results
We included 769 patients. Treatment failure occurred in 294 patients (38%) and was similar between time intervals from index arthroplasty to DAIR: the failure rate for Week 1–2 was 42% (95/226), the rate for Week 3–4 was 38% (143/378), the rate for Week 5–6 was 29% (29/100), and the rate for Week 7–12 was 42% (27/65). An exchange of modular components was performed to a lesser extent in the early post-surgical course compared with the late course (41% vs 63%, respectively; P &lt; .001). The causative microorganisms, comorbidities, and durations of symptoms were comparable between time intervals.

Conclusions
DAIR is a viable option in patients with early PJI presenting more than 4 weeks after index surgery, as long as DAIR is performed within at least 1 week after the onset of symptoms and modular components can be exchanged.
Retrospective cohort study of individuals born with low birthweight: implications for screening practices
Authors: Zhao Xixi , Kratzke Andrea K , Ballout Fatima , Kimura Robert E , Jandeska Sara E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies have established an association between low birthweight (LBW) and future kidney disease, but few have explored the progression of kidney dysfunction through the pediatric years leading up through adolescence and young adulthood.

Methods
To better understand the temporal effects of birthweight on kidney disease progression, we conducted a retrospective cohort study comparing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between LBW (&lt;2500 grams) and normal birthweight (NBW) infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at our institution from 1992 to 2006.

Results
Age at follow-up ranged 1–26 years old. GFR was found to be significantly lower in participants born with LBW than those born with NBW, with a mean difference of 5.5 mL/min/1.73m2 (P &lt; 0.01). These differences were found in the adolescent and young adult age group over 9 years of age, specifically in the extremely low birthweight group (ELBW) whose birthweight was less than 1000 grams.

Conclusions
We recommend screening for CKD in ELBW individuals starting at the age of 9 years old, regardless of their previous medical history.
Cadmium exposure and MEG3 methylation differences between Whites and African Americans in the NEST Cohort
Authors: House John S , Hall Jonathan , Park Sarah S , Planchart Antonio , Money Eric , Maguire Rachel L , Huang Zhiqing , Mattingly Carolyn J , Skaar David , Tzeng Jung Ying , Darrah Thomas H , Vengosh Avner , Murphy Susan K , Jirtle Randy L , Hoyo Cathrine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant associated with a wide range of health outcomes including cancer. However, obscure exposure sources often hinder prevention efforts. Further, although epigenetic mechanisms are suspected to link these associations, gene sequence regions targeted by Cd are unclear. Aberrant methylation of a differentially methylated region (DMR) on the MEG3 gene that regulates the expression of a cluster of genes including MEG3, DLK1, MEG8, MEG9 and DIO3 has been associated with multiple cancers. In 287 infant–mother pairs, we used a combination of linear regression and the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to determine if maternal blood Cd concentrations were associated with offspring CpG methylation of the sequence region regulating a cluster of imprinted genes including MEG3. Correlations were used to examine potential sources and routes. We observed a significant geographic co-clustering of elevated prenatal Cd levels and MEG3 DMR hypermethylation in cord blood (P = 0.01), and these findings were substantiated in our statistical models (β = 1.70, se = 0.80, P = 0.03). These associations were strongest in those born to African American women (β = 3.52, se = 1.32, P = 0.01) compared with those born to White women (β = 1.24, se = 2.11, P = 0.56) or Hispanic women (β = 1.18, se = 1.24, P = 0.34). Consistent with Cd bioaccumulation during the life course, blood Cd levels increased with age (β = 0.015 µg/dl/year, P = 0.003), and Cd concentrations were significantly correlated between blood and urine (ρ > 0.47, P < 0.01), but not hand wipe, soil or house dust concentrations (P > 0.05). Together, these data support that prenatal Cd exposure is associated with aberrant methylation of the imprint regulatory element for the MEG3 gene cluster at birth. However, neither house-dust nor water are likely exposure sources, and ingestion via contaminated hands is also unlikely to be a significant exposure route in this population. Larger studies are required to identify routes and sources of exposure.
Pharmacogenomic polygenic response score predicts ischaemic events and cardiovascular mortality in clopidogrel-treated patients
Authors: Lewis Joshua P , Backman Joshua D , Reny Jean-Luc , Bergmeijer Thomas O , Mitchell Braxton D , Ritchie Marylyn D , Déry Jean-Pierre , Pakyz Ruth E , Gong Li , Ryan Kathleen , Kim Eun-Young , Aradi Daniel , Fernandez-Cadenas Israel , Lee Ming Ta Michael , Whaley Ryan M , Montaner Joan , Gensini Gian Franco , Cleator John H , Chang Kiyuk , Holmvang Lene , Hochholzer Willibald , Roden Dan M , Winter Stefan , Altman Russ B , Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Kim Ho-Sook , Gawaz Meinrad , Bliden Kevin P , Valgimigli Marco , Marcucci Rossella , Campo Gianluca , Schaeffeler Elke , Dridi Nadia P , Wen Ming-Shien , Shin Jae Gook , Fontana Pierre , Giusti Betti , Geisler Tobias , Kubo Michiaki , Trenk Dietmar , Siller-Matula Jolanta M , ten Berg Jurriën M , Gurbel Paul A , Schwab Matthias , Klein Teri E , Shuldiner Alan R ,   for the ICPC Investigators
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Clopidogrel is prescribed for the prevention of atherothrombotic events. While investigations have identified genetic determinants of inter-individual variability in on-treatment platelet inhibition (e.g. CYP2C19*2), evidence that these variants have clinical utility to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs) remains controversial.

Methods and results
We assessed the impact of 31 candidate gene polymorphisms on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated platelet reactivity in 3391 clopidogrel-treated coronary artery disease patients of the International Clopidogrel Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ICPC). The influence of these polymorphisms on CVEs was tested in 2134 ICPC patients (N = 129 events) in whom clinical event data were available. Several variants were associated with on-treatment ADP-stimulated platelet reactivity (CYP2C19*2, P = 8.8 × 10−54; CES1 G143E, P = 1.3 × 10−16; CYP2C19*17, P = 9.5 × 10−10; CYP2B6 1294 + 53 C &gt; T, P = 3.0 × 10−4; CYP2B6 516 G &gt; T, P = 1.0 × 10−3; CYP2C9*2, P = 1.2 × 10−3; and CYP2C9*3, P = 1.5 × 10−3). While no individual variant was associated with CVEs, generation of a pharmacogenomic polygenic response score (PgxRS) revealed that patients who carried a greater number of alleles that associated with increased on-treatment platelet reactivity were more likely to experience CVEs (β = 0.17, SE 0.06, P = 0.01) and cardiovascular-related death (β = 0.43, SE 0.16, P = 0.007). Patients who carried eight or more risk alleles were significantly more likely to experience CVEs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–2.76, P = 0.01] and cardiovascular death (OR = 4.39, 95% CI 1.35–14.27, P = 0.01) compared to patients who carried six or fewer of these alleles.

Conclusion
Several polymorphisms impact clopidogrel response and PgxRS is a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes. Additional investigations that identify novel determinants of clopidogrel response and validating polygenic models may facilitate future precision medicine strategies.