bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress in Time‐Resolved Biosensing and Bioimaging Based on Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Qinqin , Wang Jie , Li Zhiheng , Lv Xiaobo , Liang Ling , Yuan Quan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLuminescent nanomaterials have attracted great attention in luminescence‐based bioanalysis due to their abundant optical and tunable surface physicochemical properties. However, luminescent nanomaterials often suffer from serious autofluorescence and light scattering interference when applied to complex biological samples. Time‐resolved luminescence methodology can efficiently eliminate autofluorescence and light scattering interference by collecting the luminescence signal of a long‐lived probe after the background signals decays completely. Lanthanides have a unique [Xe]4fN electronic configuration and ladder‐like energy states, which endow lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles with many desirable optical properties, such as long luminescence lifetimes, large Stokes/anti‐Stokes shifts, and sharp emission bands. Due to their long luminescence lifetimes, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles are widely used for high‐sensitive biosensing and high‐contrast bioimaging via time‐resolved luminescence methodology. In this review, recent progress in the development of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles and their application in time‐resolved biosensing and bioimaging are summarized. At the end of this review, the current challenges and perspectives of lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles for time‐resolved bioapplications are discussed.
Molecular Imprinting with Functional DNA
Authors: Zhang Zijie , Liu Juewen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMolecular imprinting refers to templated polymerization with rationally designed monomers, and this is a general method to prepare stable and cost‐effective ligands. This attractive concept however suffers from low affinity, low specificity, and limited signaling mechanisms for binding. Acrydite‐modified DNA oligonucleotides can be readily copolymerized into acrylic polymers. With molecular recognition and catalytic functions, such functional DNAs are recently shown to enhance the performance of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in a few ways. First, DNA aptamers are used as macromonomers to enhance binding affinity and specificity of MIPs. Second, DNA can help produce optical signals to follow binding events. Third, imprinting can also improve the performance of catalytic DNA by enhancing its activity and specificity toward the template substrate. Finally, MIP is shown to help aptamer selection. Bulk imprinting, nanoparticle imprinting, and surface imprinting are all demonstrated with DNA. Since both DNA and synthetic polymers are cost effective and stable, their hybrid materials still possess such properties while enhancing the function of each component. This review covers recent developments on the abovementioned aspects of DNA‐containing MIPs, a field just emerged in the last five years, and future research directions are discussed toward the end.
Carbon Dots‐in‐Matrix Boosting Intriguing Luminescence Properties and Applications
Authors: Li Jiyang , Wang Bolun , Zhang Hongyue , Yu Jihong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a new class of luminescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have aroused significant interest because of their fascinating photoluminescence properties and potential applications in biological, optoelectronic, and energy‐related fields. Strikingly, embedding CDs in host matrices endow them with intriguing luminescent properties, in particular, room temperature phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, due to the confinement effect of the host matrix and the H‐bonding interactions between CDs and the matrix. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art strategies for introducing CDs in various host matrices are summarized, such as nanoporous materials, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, potash alum, layered double hydroxides, amorphous silica, etc. The resultant luminescent properties of the composites and their emission mechanisms are discussed. Their applications in bioimaging, drug delivery/release, sensing, and anticounterfeiting are also presented. Finally, current problems and challenges of CDs‐based composites are noted for future development of such luminescent materials.
Beyond Capture: Circulating Tumor Cell Release and Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Wu Lingling , Xu Xing , Sharma Bineet , Wang Wei , Qu Xin , Zhu Lin , Zhang Huimin , Song Yanling , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the most promising “liquid biopsy”, analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provides noninvasive access to obtain biological information of solid tumors. It not only advances the understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumor metastasis, relapse, and chemoresistance, but also promotes the development of precision medicine. Over the past decade, the rapid advances in micro/nanomaterials and microfluidics have overcome the technical challenges of capturing CTCs, allowing efficient enrichment and sensitive detection. Beyond the capture of CTCs, major challenges of in‐depth CTC analysis are the release of CTCs from capture platforms and the inherent heterogeneity in CTCs. A variety of technologies have now emerged for release and single‐cell analysis of CTCs. This review focuses on recent progress along this direction. First, different release strategies are outlined and discussed, including their design principles and characteristics (merits and limitations). Then, existing methods for single CTC analysis at the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional level are summarized. Finally, some perspectives are provided on current development trends, future research directions, and challenges of CTC studies.
Implanting CNT Forest onto Carbon Nanosheets as Multifunctional Hosts for High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhao Changtai , Wang Zhao , Tan Xinyi , Huang Huawei , Song Zhongxin , Sun Yipeng , Cui Song , Wei Qianbing , Guo Wei , Li Ruying , Yu Chang , Qiu Jieshan , Sun Xueliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes are considered an ideal anode for the next‐generation Li batteries with high energy density. However, some intrinsic problems, such as Li dendrite growth and tremendous volume change, inhibit their practical applications. Here, an unstacked microstructure is tailored by planting an N‐doped carbon nanotube (CNT) forest on the surface of biomass‐derived large‐aspect‐ratio N‐doped carbon sheets (CSs) (CS‐CNT), which can effectively overcome the easy aggregation properties of CSs. As the host material for Li metal anode, the N‐doping and unstacked natures of CS‐CNT offer sufficient Li nucleation sites, large surface area, and space for smooth and uniform Li deposition, effectively preventing the formation of dendritic Li. As a result, the cell with this electrode can keep high and stable Coulombic efficiency of 98.8% for over 2000 h, superior to the pure CSs and Cu foil electrodes. Additionally, the symmetric cell exhibits significantly enhanced cycle life up to 1500 h as well as lowered hysteresis. The present study sheds light on the design of unstacked porous carbon materials and offers an opportunity to develop high efficiency Li metal anode.
Genetic Assessment Reveals Population Fragmentation and Inbreeding in Populations of Brook Trout in the Laurel Hill of Pennsylvania
Authors: Beer Stephanie Dowell , Bartron Meredith L. , Argent David G. , Kimmel William G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhether natural or man‐made, landscape features often influence the patterns of genetic variation within a species and can have important conservation implications. This is especially true for Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, which are typically restricted to high‐quality headwater streams. In this study, we characterized the patterns of genetic partitioning and diversity among Brook Trout populations in the Laurel Hill of southwestern Pennsylvania with respect to landscape features and potential barriers to migration. In total, 354 wild Brook Trout samples collected across 10 streams were analyzed using 12 microsatellite loci. Our results showed a wide range of genetic diversity (allelic richness AR = 3.404–7.124; expected heterozygosity He = 0.432–0.727) and effective population size estimates (Ne = 13.5–1,106.6) and indicated that some sites contained small, low‐diversity populations of Brook Trout. Three populations were located upstream of reservoirs; however, our results did not show significant differences in the genetic diversity metrics between upstream and downstream populations. Although isolation by distance could be a factor, the patterns of genetic differentiation revealed minimal contemporary gene flow between watersheds and among most streams. Overall, our results highlight the need for continued population monitoring and habitat restoration for Brook Trout populations in southwestern Pennsylvania.
Endangered species management and climate change: When habitat conservation becomes a moving target
Authors: Wilkening Jennifer , Pearson‐Prestera Wendy , Mungi Ninad Avinash , Bhattacharyya Sabuj 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAs climate conditions continue to shift, species assemblages and composition within ecological communities may be reshuffled in unpredictable ways. Some habitat types may cease to exist while others may expand in size; protecting ecosystems and species in their current locations will become increasingly difficult. Threatened and endangered species are likely to be disproportionately affected by climate change because they are often habitat specialists and relatively rare. In the United States, the 1973 Endangered Species Act has prevented the extinction of many species. The identification and conservation of critical habitat is an important tool for species preservation. But how do we designate and preserve habitat for protected species when we are unsure about future habitat conditions? We address this question based upon the concept of managing for anticipated change, rather than focusing on the maintenance of existing conditions. We used an ecological niche modeling program (MaxEnt) to model current and future climatic niche for an endangered mammal endemic to southern California, USA; the Stephens’ kangaroo rat (SKR, Dipodomys stephensi). Our results indicate that the climatic niche of SKR was governed primarily by precipitation during the dry season, precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature, and mean summer temperature. Projecting current species‐presence relationships to different scenarios predicted for the future revealed substantial loss in climatic niche with increased emission rates. Areas of future suitable climatic niche were evaluated in relation to land ownership and identified as potential reserves or translocation sites, which can aid in conservation planning for this species. Additionally, species vulnerability assessments and a climate‐change analysis tool were utilized to demonstrate how overall understanding of climate change effects can be enhanced. Information presented here can serve as guiding principles for the inclusion of climate change considerations into management plans, and can better inform overall decision‐making related to endangered species management. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Quantum electrodynamics experiments with colliding petawatt laser pulses
Authors: Turcu I. C. E. , Shen B. , Neely D. , Sarri G. , Tanaka K. A. , McKenna P. , Mangles S. P. D. , Yu T.-P. , Luo W. , Zhu X.-L. , Yin Y. 
Published: February 2019

A new generation of high power laser facilities will provide laser pulses with extremely high powers of 10 petawatt (PW) and even 100 PW, capable of reaching intensities of $10^{23}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$ in the laser focus. These ultra-high intensities are nevertheless lower than the Schwinger intensity $I_{S}=2.3\times 10^{29}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$ at which the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that a large part of the energy of the laser photons will be transformed to hard Gamma-ray photons and even to matter, via electron–positron pair production. To enable the investigation of this physics at the intensities achievable with the next generation of high power laser facilities, an approach involving the interaction of two colliding PW laser pulses is being adopted. Theoretical simulations predict strong QED effects with colliding laser pulses of ${\geqslant}10~\text{PW}$ focused to intensities ${\geqslant}10^{22}~\text{W}/\text{cm}^{2}$.
Diets enriched with whole grains reduce premenstrual syndrome scores in nurses: an open-label parallel randomised controlled trial
Authors: Esmaeilpour Mozhgan , Ghasemian Sedigheh , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of some components of whole grains on premenstrual syndrome (PMS), our literature review shows that no clinical trial has studied the effect of whole grain consumption on PMS so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of diets rich in whole grains on PMS among nurses. This study is a parallel controlled clinical trial with a 3-month intervention period in which, after following two menstrual cycles among nurses, 100 nurses diagnosed with PMS were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control, with fifty individuals in each. Those in the intervention group replaced at least four servings of refined grains in their daily diets with whole grains. To supply four servings, 120 g of bread made with whole flour was given to the intervention group on a daily basis. Those in the control group, however, continued their regular daily consumption of grains. The two groups were compared regarding PMS symptoms after adjusting the confounding variables. The repeated measurement test showed that the interaction between the time factor and the experimental group on the mean score of PMS symptoms was significant. That is, the intervention group showed a significant decrease in the general, mood, physical and behavioural symptoms of PMS compared with the controls (P&lt;0·001,P=0·01,P&lt;0·001 andP=0·003, respectively). Therefore, daily consumption of whole grains in place of refined grains can contribute to improvement in PMS symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Effect of an individualised high-protein, energy-restricted diet on anthropometric and cardio-metabolic parameters in overweight and obese Malaysian adults: a 6-month randomised controlled study
Authors: Mitra Soma Roy , Tan Pui Yee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Hipcref (high-protein, energy-restricted, high-vitamin E and high-fibre) diet in Malaysian adults on body composition and metabolic parameters after an intervention period of 6 months. Overweight/obese Malaysian adults (n128; BMI≥23 kg/m2) were randomised to the Hipcref (n65) or control diet (n63). The intervention group received Hipcref diet charts based on their personal preferences. The control group followed a generalised dietary advice based on Malaysian Dietary Guidelines, 2010. All participants were responsible for preparing their own meals. There was a significant treatment group×time effect on anthropometric parameters (P&lt;0·05) on an intention-to-treat basis. Pairwise comparisons revealed that Hipcref diet participants had significant reduction in weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and percentage body fat at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline (P&lt;0·001). The control group had significant increase in weight and BMI at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline (P&lt;0·05). The Hipcref diet group had higher reduction in fasting insulin, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein levels compared with the control group at month 6 (P&lt;0·05). Post-intervention, compared with the control group, the Hipcref diet group was found to consume significantly higher percentage energy from protein, and PUFA, higher energy-adjusted vitamin E (mg) and fibre (g), and lower total energy, lower percentage energy from fat and carbohydrate (P&lt;0·05). The success of the Hipcref diet on overweight/obese Malaysian adults may be due to the combined effect of the nutrient composition of the Hipcref diet.
A Representation Theoretic Study of Non-Commutative Symmetric Algebras
Authors: Chan D. , Nyman A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study Van den Bergh's non-commutative symmetric algebra 𝕊nc(M) (over division rings) via Minamoto's theory of Fano algebras. In particular, we show that 𝕊nc(M) is coherent, and its proj category ℙnc(M) is derived equivalent to the corresponding bimodule species. This generalizes the main theorem of [8], which in turn is a generalization of Beilinson's derived equivalence. As corollaries, we show that ℙnc(M) is hereditary and there is a structure theorem for sheaves on ℙnc(M) analogous to that for ℙ1.
Survey of slug-parasitic nematodes in East and West Flanders, Belgium and description ofAngiostoma gandavensisn. sp. (Nematoda: Angiostomidae) from arionid slugs
Authors: Singh P.R. , Couvreur M. , Decraemer W. , Bert W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA survey for slug-associated nematodes in five locations of East and West Flanders in Belgium revealed the presence of one new and six known slug-parasitic nematodes,Agfa flexilis(Dujardin, 1845),Alloionema appendiculatum(Schneider, 1859),Angiostoma dentiferum(Mengert, 1953),Angiostoma limacis(Dujardin, 1845),Angiostoma norvegicum(Rosset al., 2017) andPhasmarhabditis hermaphrodita(Schneider, 1859).Angiostoma norvegicumandP.hermaphroditaare recorded for the first time in Belgium. The six known species are documented by light microscopy (LM) microphotographs and informative DNA sequences.Angiostoma gandavensisn. sp. (Angiostomatidae), discovered from arionid slugs, is described based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular data. Based on analyses of D2D3 expansion segment of 28S and 18S rDNA sequences, this new species is found to be related toA.limacis,A.norvegicum,A.margaretae(Rosset al., 2011) andA.milacis(Ivanova and Wilson, 2009). The new species can be distinguished from these others based on morphological characters such as the distinctive mucronate structures at the tail tip of both sexes, presence of lateral ala, reflexed female ovaries and the number and arrangement pattern of male genital papillae.
Evaluation of antioxidant and oxidant status of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) naturally infected withHaemonchus contortus
Authors: Rashid S. , Irshadullah M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the antioxidant and oxidant status of goats naturally infected withHaemonchus contortus. Based upon the parasite burden, infection in goats was categorized as heavy (> 500 worms), mild (100–500 worms) or low (< 100 worms). Abomasal tissues from non-infected and infected goats were used for the determination of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases, superoxide content (O2−), protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). A significantly higher level of CAT, GST and GR activity and a lower level of GPx activity were recorded in infected compared to non-infected tissue. A significant increase in the level of AST, ALT, ALP and ACP was found in the abomasal tissue of the infected animals, which was related to the worm burden. The oxidative stress markers were also altered, with a significant decline in GSH levels, whereas MDA, PC and O2−concentrations showed a marked increase. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated that haemonchosis in goats resulted in considerable oxidative stress, which was directly related to the worm burden.
A decade of shaping the futures of polar early career researchers: A legacy of the International Polar Year
Authors: Hindshaw Ruth S. , Mariash Heather , Vick-Majors Trista J. , Thornton Alexander E. , Pope Allen , Zaika Yulia , Lenz Josefine , Nielsen Hanne , Fugmann Gerlis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) is an important legacy of the International Polar Year (IPY). APECS continues to foster engagement in education, outreach and communication (EOC) activities relating to the polar regions and provide training for early career researchers (ECRs). We highlight opportunities for training, leadership and skills development, such as the annual Polar Weeks and Antarctica Day celebrations. Participation and engagement in EOC activities actively contributes to career development by enabling ECRs to develop valuable soft skills such as networking, communication and interdisciplinary knowledge. A pilot survey on EOC engagement highlighted that those who organise events also gain leadership skills such as team management. We discuss several factors contributing to the success of APECS in training the next generation of polar leaders. These include the geographical rather than discipline-specific focus of the organisation, utilisation of online resources, including social media, and the strong links with partner organisations. These examples demonstrate how the EOC legacy of IPY has continued due to APECS’ targeted efforts to create EOC opportunities and provide skills and leadership training for ECRs.
‘The different sets of ideas at the back of our heads’: Dissent and authority at the International Court of Justice
Authors: Mistry Hemi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdditional opinions (AOs) – dissenting opinions, separate opinions and declarations, whether authored individually or jointly – are a distinctive characteristic of the ICJ’s jurisprudence. Few decisions of the International Court of Justice (the Court, ICJ) are delivered without any additional opinion attached to it. Yet, despite their ubiquity, there is still significant disagreement as to their relationship to the authority of the Court and its decisions. Although this disagreement is commonly attributed to the different approaches and attitudes traditionally associated with the ‘civil law’ and ‘common law’ traditions, few ask specifically why those traditions take the approach they do, and even fewer consider the appropriateness of the extension of those attitudes to the ICJ, which of course is neither ‘civil law’ nor ‘common law’. In this article, using the work of Mirjan Damaška, I offer a contextually coherent and contextually contingent understand of the theory and practice of additional opinions at the ICJ upon which engagement with this practice – by judges, scholars and practitioners – can be premised. This effort to understand the relationship between additional opinions and institutional authority will, by its very nature, lead to a broader enquiry into the very nature of institutional authority at the ICJ. Having explained the importance of AOs to the structural integrity of the Court’s authority, I will close this article by highlighting the role of various stakeholders when engaging with that practice to ensure that their institutional function is discharged.