bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight-port multiband MIMO antenna design with high isolation for 5G smartphones
Authors: Lumina A. Vincy , Manoharan Sangeetha , Kumar Sachin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design and analysis of a compact eight-port multiband multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G smartphones. The proposed antenna structure is designed using meandering elements, as radiator, on the FR4 substrate of 150 × 80 × 0.8 mm with loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.02 and relative permittivity (εr) of 4.4. The proposed antenna resonates at 2.4, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz, and it covers the bandwidth of 2%, 6.28%, and 2.53%, respectively. The measured results provide an omnidirectional radiation pattern with 58%–78% of efficiency in all operating bands. The eight-port multiband MIMO design provides a high isolation of 17.5 dB, envelope correlation coefficient < 0.04, diversity gain of 9.98 dB, total active reflection coefficient < −10 dB, and channel capacity loss of <0.25 bits/s/Hz. Also, the hand phantom is designed to analyze the reflection coefficients and efficiency of the proposed antenna.
A guide for planning triangulation studies to investigate complex causal questions in behavioural and psychiatric research
Authors: Treur Jorien L. , Lukas Eva , Sallis Hannah M. , Wootton Robyn E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
At the basis of many important research questions is causality – does X causally impact Y? For behavioural and psychiatric traits, answering such questions can be particularly challenging, as they are highly complex and multifactorial. ‘Triangulation’ refers to prospectively choosing, conducting and integrating several methods to investigate a specific causal question. If different methods, with different sources of bias, all indicate a causal effect, the finding is much less likely to be spurious. While triangulation can be a powerful approach, its interpretation differs across (sub)fields and there are no formal guidelines. Here, we aim to provide clarity and guidance around the process of triangulation for behavioural and psychiatric epidemiology, so that results of existing triangulation studies can be better interpreted, and new triangulation studies better designed.

Methods
We first introduce the concept of triangulation and how it is applied in epidemiological investigations of behavioural and psychiatric traits. Next, we put forth a systematic step-by-step guide, that can be used to design a triangulation study (accompanied by a worked example). Finally, we provide important general recommendations for future studies.

Results
While the literature contains varying interpretations, triangulation generally refers to an investigation that assesses the robustness of a potential causal finding by explicitly combining different approaches. This may include multiple types of statistical methods, the same method applied in multiple samples, or multiple different measurements of the variable(s) of interest. In behavioural and psychiatric epidemiology, triangulation commonly includes prospective cohort studies, natural experiments and/or genetically informative designs (including the increasingly popular method of Mendelian randomization). The guide that we propose aids the planning and interpreting of triangulation by prompting crucial considerations. Broadly, its steps are as follows: determine your causal question, draw a directed acyclic graph, identify available resources and samples, identify suitable methodological approaches, further specify the causal question for each method, explicate the effects of potential biases and, pre-specify expected results. We illustrated the guide’s use by considering the question: ‘Does maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy cause offspring depression?’.

Conclusions
In the current era of big data, and with increasing (public) availability of large-scale datasets, triangulation will become increasingly relevant in identifying robust risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes. Our hope is that this review and guide will provide clarity and direction, as well as stimulate more researchers to apply triangulation to causal questions around behavioural and psychiatric traits.
Climate Conundrum: A Wet or Dry European and Northern African Climate During the Middle Miocene
Authors: Acosta R. P. , Burls N. J. , Pound M. J. , Bradshaw C. D. , McCoy J. , Gibson M. , O’Keefe J. M. K. , Feakins S. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnd of 21st‐century hydroclimate projections suggest an expansion of subtropical dry zones, with Mediterranean and Sahel regions becoming much drier. However, paleobotanical assemblage evidence from the middle Miocene (17‐12 Ma), suggests both regions were instead humid environments. Here we show that by modifying regional sea surface temperatures (SST) in an Earth System Model (CESM1.2) simulation of the middle Miocene, the increased ocean evaporation and integrated water vapor flux overrides any drying effects associated with warming‐induced land‐surface evaporation driven by atmospheric CO2 concentrations. These modifications markedly reduce the bias in the model‐data comparison for this period. A vegetation model (BIOME4) forced with simulated climatologies predicts both regions were dominated by mixed forest, which is largely consistent with the paleobotanical record. This study unveils the potential for wetter subtropical Mediterranean climates associated with warming, presenting an alternative scenario from future drying projections with localized SST warming governing regional climate change.
Long Term Global Ionospheric Total Electron Content Trend Analysis
Authors: Natali M. Paula , Urutti Anabella , Castaño Juan Manuel , Zossi Brunos S. , Duran Trinidad , Meza Amalia , Elias Ana G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSimulations based on physical models of the thermosphere‐ionosphere system suggest that the ionosphere will sink as the thermosphere cools and contracts in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. As a consequence, long‐term trends can be expected in ionospheric parameters such as: total electron content (TEC), the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, and its peak height, hmF2. Since early 1990s, foF2 and hmF2, though to a lesser extent, have been widely analyzed to find these trends. This study shows long‐term TEC trends for the period 1999–2023 from available global International GNSS service TEC maps. Using F30, F10.7 or MgII as proxies to filter out the effect of solar EUV, the trends are negative, not only for the mean global value but also for most regions with very few exceptions. This would align with the greenhouse effect hypothesis, even though our results show higher negative trend values than expected theoretically.
SUMOylation of TP53INP1 is involved in miR-30a-5p-regulated heart senescence
Authors: Hong Yi-Xiang , Wu Chan , Li Jing-Zhou , Song Fei , Hu Yu , Han Yue , Mao Yi-Jie , Wu Wei-Yin , Wang Yan , Li Gang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeart senescence is critical for cardiac function. This study aimed to characterize the role and mechanism of action of miR-30a-5p in cardiac senescence. miR-30a-5p was downregulated in aged mouse hearts and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). In vivo, using a combination of echocardiography and different molecular biological approaches, we investigated the role of miR-30a-5p knockout or overexpression in natural- or D-galactose-induced heart aging in mice. In vitro, using RNA sequencing and a series of molecular biology methods, the mechanism by which miR-30a-5p regulates cardiac senescence was explored in cardiomyocytes. miR-30a-5p knockout mice showed aggravated natural- or D-galactose-induced heart aging compared to wild-type littermate mice, with significantly decreased heart function, an increased number of γH2AX-positive cells, reduced telomere length, and upregulated p21 and p53 expression. Cardiac-specific knockdown of miR-30a-5p using adeno-associated virus 9 in D-galactose-induced senescent wild-type mice resulted in effects similar to those observed in knockout mice. Notably, the overexpression of miR-30a-5p in wild-type murine hearts alleviated D-galactose-induced heart senescence by improving heart function, increasing telomere length, decreasing the number of γH2AX-positive cells, and downregulating p53 and p21 expression. This was confirmed in D-galactose-treated or naturally aged NRCMs. Mechanistically, TP53INP1 was identified as a target of miR-30a-5p by mediating the SUMOylation of TP53INP1 and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus to interact with p53. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that cardiac-specific TP53INP1 deficiency ameliorates miR-30a-5p knockout-aggravated cardiac dysfunction and heart senescence. This study identified miR-30a-5p as a crucial modulator of heart senescence and revealed that the miR-30a-5p–TP53INP1–p53 axis is essential for heart and cardiomyocyte aging.
Deep learning-assisted object recognition with hybrid triboelectric-capacitive tactile sensor
Authors: Xie Yating , Cheng Hongyu , Yuan Chaocheng , Zheng Limin , Peng Zhengchun , Meng Bo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTactile sensors play a critical role in robotic intelligence and human-machine interaction. In this manuscript, we propose a hybrid tactile sensor by integrating a triboelectric sensing unit and a capacitive sensing unit based on porous PDMS. The triboelectric sensing unit is sensitive to the surface material and texture of the grasped objects, while the capacitive sensing unit responds to the object’s hardness. By combining signals from the two sensing units, tactile object recognition can be achieved among not only different objects but also the same object in different states. In addition, both the triboelectric layer and the capacitor dielectric layer were fabricated through the same manufacturing process. Furthermore, deep learning was employed to assist the tactile sensor in accurate object recognition. As a demonstration, the identification of 12 samples was implemented using this hybrid tactile sensor, and an recognition accuracy of 98.46% was achieved. Overall, the proposed hybrid tactile sensor has shown great potential in robotic perception and tactile intelligence.
SIRT6-dependent functional switch via K494 modifications of RE-1 silencing transcription factor
Authors: Zaretsky Adam , Venzor Alfredo Garcia , Eremenko Ekaterina , Stein Daniel , Smirnov Dmitrii , Rabuah Yuval , Dryer Rebecca , Kriukov Dmitrii , Kaluski-Kopatch Shai , Einav Monica , Khrameeva Ekaterina , Toiber Debra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) is a key repressor of neural genes. REST is upregulated under stress signals, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, but although it is upregulated, its function is lost in Alzheimer’s Disease. However, why it becomes inactive remains unclear. Here, we show that the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT6 regulates REST expression, location and activity. In the absence of SIRT6, REST is overexpressed but mislocalized, leading to a partial loss of its activity and causing it to become toxic. SIRT6 deficiency abrogates REST and EZH2 interaction, perturbs the location of REST to the heterochromatin Lamin B ring, and leads to REST target gene overexpression. SIRT6 reintroduction or REST methyl-mimic K494M expression rescues this phenotype, while an acetyl-mimic mutant loses its function even in WT cells. Our studies define a novel regulatory switch where, depending on SIRT6 presence, the function of REST is regulated by post-translational modifications on K494 (Ac/me), affecting neuronal gene expression.
A mild case of Cockayne syndrome with a novel start-loss variant of ERCC8
Authors: Matsuoka Taro , Yoshida Takeshi , Kora Kengo , Yano Naoko , Taura Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takashi , Tozawa Takenori , Mori Jun , Chiyonobu Tomohiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a progressive multisystem disorder characterized by growth failure, microcephaly, developmental delay, and photosensitivity. The characteristic symptoms appear during early childhood in most patients with CS. Herein, we report a mild case of CS with a novel start-loss variant in ERCC8 that did not show the characteristic symptoms of CS during early childhood and exhibited sudden growth failure after the age of 10 years.
Integration of molecular coarse-grained model into geometric representation learning framework for protein-protein complex property prediction
Authors: Yue Yang , Li Shu , Cheng Yihua , Wang Lie , Hou Tingjun , Zhu Zexuan , He Shan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructure-based machine learning algorithms have been utilized to predict the properties of protein-protein interaction (PPI) complexes, such as binding affinity, which is critical for understanding biological mechanisms and disease treatments. While most existing algorithms represent PPI complex graph structures at the atom-scale or residue-scale, these representations can be computationally expensive or may not sufficiently integrate finer chemical-plausible interaction details for improving predictions. Here, we introduce MCGLPPI, a geometric representation learning framework that combines graph neural networks (GNNs) with MARTINI molecular coarse-grained (CG) models to predict PPI overall properties accurately and efficiently. Extensive experiments on three types of downstream PPI property prediction tasks demonstrate that at the CG-scale, MCGLPPI achieves competitive performance compared with the counterparts at the atom- and residue-scale, but with only a third of computational resource consumption. Furthermore, CG-scale pre-training on protein domain-domain interaction structures enhances its predictive capabilities for PPI tasks. MCGLPPI offers an effective and efficient solution for PPI overall property predictions, serving as a promising tool for the large-scale analysis of biomolecular interactions.
Marine and terrestrial contributions to atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic species
Authors: Breuninger Esther S. , Tolu Julie , Aemisegger Franziska , Thurnherr Iris , Bouchet Sylvain , Mestrot Adrien , Ossola Rachele , McNeill Kristopher , Tukhmetova Dariya , Vogl Jochen , Meermann Björn , Sonke Jeroen E. , Winkel Lenny H. E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArsenic, a toxic element from both anthropogenic and natural sources, reaches surface environments through atmospheric cycling and dry and wet deposition. Biomethylation volatilizes arsenic into the atmosphere and deposition cycles it back to the surface, affecting soil-plant systems. Chemical speciation of deposited arsenic is important for understanding further processing in soils and bioavailability. However, the range of atmospheric transport and source signature of arsenic species remain understudied. Here we report significant levels of methylated arsenic in precipitation, cloud water and aerosols collected under free tropospheric conditions at Pic du Midi Observatory (France) indicating long-range transport, which is crucial for atmospheric budgets. Through chemical analyses and moisture source diagnostics, we identify terrestrial and marine sources for distinct arsenic species. Estimated atmospheric deposition fluxes of methylated arsenic are similar to reported methylation rates in soils, highlighting atmospheric deposition as a significant, overlooked source of potentially bioavailable methylated arsenic species impacting plant uptake in soils.
High-speed and low-power molecular dynamics processing unit (MDPU) with ab initio accuracy
Authors: Mo Pinghui , Zhang Yujia , Zhao Zhuoying , Sun Hanhan , Li Junhua , Guan Dawei , Ding Xi , Zhang Xin , Chen Bo , Shi Mengchao , Zhang Duo , Lu Denghui , Wang Yinan , Huang Jianxing , Liu Fei , Li Xinyu , Chen Mohan , Cheng Jun , Liang Bin , E Weinan , Dai Jiayu , Zhang Linfeng , Wang Han , Liu Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMolecular dynamics (MD) is an indispensable atomistic-scale computational tool widely-used in various disciplines. In the past decades, nearly all ab initio MD and machine-learning MD have been based on the general-purpose central/graphics processing units (CPU/GPU), which are well-known to suffer from their intrinsic “memory wall” and “power wall” bottlenecks. Consequently, nowadays MD calculations with ab initio accuracy are extremely time-consuming and power-consuming, imposing serious restrictions on the MD simulation size and duration. To solve this problem, here we propose a special-purpose MD processing unit (MDPU), which could reduce MD time and power consumption by about 103 times (109 times) compared to state-of-the-art machine-learning MD (ab initio MD) based on CPU/GPU, while keeping ab initio accuracy. With significantly-enhanced performance, the proposed MDPU may pave a way for the accurate atomistic-scale analysis of large-size and/or long-duration problems which were impossible/impractical to compute before.
Do smaller P300 amplitudes in schizophrenia result from larger variability in temporal processing?
Authors: Wilson Mareike , Joos Ellen , Giersch Anne , Bonnefond Anne , Tebartz van Elst Ludger , Hecker Lukas , Kornmeier Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe P3b is a prominent event-related potential (ERP) with maximal amplitude between 250 ms and 500 ms after the onset of a rare target stimulus within a sequence of standard non-target stimuli (oddball paradigm). Several studies found reduced P3b amplitudes in patients with schizophrenia compared to neurotypicals. Our work and the literature suggest that temporal imprecision may play a large pathophysiological role in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated whether reduced P3b amplitudes result from reduced neural activity (power) or temporal imprecision (inter-trial phase coherence; ITC) in delta and theta bands, using two EEG datasets from different studies with different oddball paradigms (Study 1: 19 patients with schizophrenia and 17 matched controls, Study 2: 26 patients and 26 controls). Both studies revealed typical P3b ERP components with smaller amplitudes in patients. Reduced ITC in patients was found in the delta band, which correlated with P3b peak amplitudes for all participant groups (ρ = 0.58–0.89). In Study 1, we also found significant differences between patients and controls in ITC in the theta band, which also correlated with P3b peak amplitudes (patients’ ρ = 0.64, controls’ ρ = 0.54). This was not found in Study 2. The results indicate that P3b amplitude reduction in patients with schizophrenia is linked to a reduction in temporal precision of neural activity. These results expand the notion of imprecision in temporal processing at phenomenological, psychological, and neurological levels that have been related to disturbances of the sense of self. They confirm that temporal imprecision may be more important than the reduction of neural activity itself.
Widespread and systematic effects of fire on plant–soil water relations
Authors: Baur Martin J. , Friend Andrew D. , Pellegrini Adam F. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWildfire activity and the hydrological cycle are strongly interlinked. While it is well known that wildfire occurrence and intensity are controlled by water availability, less is known about the effects of wildfire on plant and soil water cycling, especially at large scales. Here we investigate this by analysing fire impacts on the coupling between plant and soil water content, at the global scale, using remote sensing of soil moisture, vegetation water content and burned area. We find a strong effect of fire on plant–soil water relations, accelerating soil moisture loss by 17% and leading to faster gains in vegetation water content by 62%, both of which are positively related to fire severity and largest in forests. This effect is spatially extensive, with accelerated soil moisture loss found in 67%, and increased vegetation water content gain found in 67% of all analysed burned areas. After fire, plants also tended to have less control on their water content (that is, were more anisohydric). In summary, fire changes ecosystem functioning by increasing ecosystem water losses and shifting the relationship between soil and vegetation water budgets. With climate change, wildfire is likely to play an increasingly important role in ecosystem water cycling and subsequent ecosystem recovery.
A mass spectrometry-based peptidomic dataset of the spermosphere in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seeds
Authors: Saccaram Chandrodhay , Brosse Céline , Collet Boris , Sourdeval Delphine , François Tracy , Bernay Benoît , Corso Massimiliano , Rajjou Loïc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe spermosphere, a dynamic microenvironment surrounding germinating seeds, is shaped by the complex interactions between natural compounds exuded by seeds and seed-associated microbial communities. While peptides exuded by plants are known to influence microbiota diversity, little is known about those specifically exuded by seeds. In this study, we characterised the peptidome profile of the spermosphere for the first time using seeds from eight genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) grown in two contrasting production regions. An untargeted LC-MS/MS peptidomic analysis revealed 3,258 peptides derived from 414 precursor proteins of common bean in the spermosphere. This comprehensive peptidomic dataset provides valuable insights into the characteristics of peptides exuded by common bean seeds in the spermosphere. It can be used to identify peptides with potential antimicrobial or other biological activities, advancing our understanding of the functional roles of seed-exuded peptides in the spermosphere.
Private aviation is making a growing contribution to climate change
Authors: Gössling Stefan , Humpe Andreas , Leitão Jorge Cardoso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCommercial aviation’s contribution to climate change is growing, but the global role of private aviation is not well quantified. Here we calculate the sector’s CO2 emissions, using flight tracker data from the ADS-B Exchange platform for the period 2019 to 2023. Flight times for 25,993 private aircraft and 18,655,789 individual flights in 2019-2023 are linked to 72 aircraft models and their average fuel consumption. We find that private aviation contributed at least 15.6 Mt CO2 in direct emissions in 2023, or about 3.6 t CO2 per flight. Almost half of all flights (47.4%) are shorter than 500 km. Private aviation is concentrated in the USA, where 68.7% of the aircraft are registered. Flight pattern analysis confirms extensive travel for leisure purposes, and for cultural and political events. Emissions increased by 46% between 2019-2023, with industry expectations of continued strong growth. Regulation is needed to address the sector’s growing climate impact.