bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of soil water‐repellent layer depth on post‐wildfire hydrological processes
Authors: Chen Jingjing , McGuire Kevin J. , Stewart Ryan D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSoil water repellency induced by wildfires can alter hydraulic properties and hydrologic processes; however, the persistence and vertical position (i.e., depth) of water‐repellent layers can vary between systems and fires, with limited understanding of how those variations affect infiltration processes. This study occurred in two forested locations in the south‐central Appalachian Mountains that experienced wildfires in late 2016: Mount Pleasant Wildfire Refuge, Virginia, and Chimney Rock State Park, North Carolina. In each location, sites were selected to represent unburned conditions and low to moderate burn intensities. At each site, we measured the soil water repellency at the surface (ash layer or O horizon) and ~2 cm below the surface (A horizon) using the water drop penetration time method (n= 10–14). Soil water content was also measured over the upper 10 cm of the soil (n= 10), and infiltration tests were conducted using a tension infiltrometer (n= 6–8). The results showed that soil repellency was highest in the surface layer at the Mount Pleasant location and was highest in the subsurface layer at the Chimney Rock location. Soil water content was lower in unburned soil than in burned soil, especially for measurements taken immediately postfire, with soil water content negatively correlated with water repellency. Water repellency in the surface layer significantly reduced relative infiltration rates (estimated as differences between initial and steady‐state rates), whereas subsurface water repellency did not affect relative infiltration. As a result, water repellency persisted longer in sites with surface as opposed to subsurface water repellency. Finally, differences between burned and unburned sites showed that although the wildfires increased the occurrence of water repellency, they did not alter the underlying relationship between relative infiltration and water repellency of the surface soil.
Exploring technology design among mobile entrepreneurs in Kampala: An open space workshop
Authors: Paxling Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInformation and communication technologies (ICTs) are located at the center of international development and considered vital for the progress of the current sustainable development goals. ICTs are embedded in cultural structures and social norms, which provide both possibilities and challenges to the people working with technologies such as mobile phones. Drawing upon theories and methodologies of feminist and postcolonial technosciences, my research objective is an exploration of how young entrepreneurs in Uganda affect and are affected by technology design. This article is based on conversations from an Open space workshop that took place at a tech hub in Kampala in 2012. The theme of the workshop was “The mobile futures of Uganda: sharing visions and challenges for today and tomorrow.” The workshop discussions showcase how norms and values are embedded in technology design and how colonial relationships still linger and affect contemporary design and technology practices. Together with my empirical material, I perform technoscientific stories that discuss challenges in entrepreneurship, working in software development and user design practices. I argue that studying the social and political dimensions of technology design is crucial for forming more inclusive and heterogeneous ICT practices.
Measurement error in discrete health facility choice models: An example from urban Senegal
Authors: Cronin Christopher J. , Guilkey David K. , Speizer Ilene S. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryWe use individual‐level health facility choice data from urban Senegal to estimate consumer preferences for facility characteristics related to maternal health services. We find that consumers consider a large number of quality‐related facility characteristics, as well as travel costs, when making their health facility choice. In contrast to the typical assumption in the literature, our findings indicate that individuals frequently bypass the facility nearest their home. In light of this, we show that the mismeasured data used commonly in the literature produces biased preference estimates; most notably, the literature likely overestimates consumer distaste for travel.
Assessment of simulated osteoporosis in alveolar bone using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Del‐Valle Matheus , Lins Emery , Ana Patricia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that compromises bone resistance and its diagnosis is usually performed using dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Thus, the search for efficient diagnostic methods that do not involve the emission of ionizing radiation is necessary. This study proposed to use the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to evaluate osteoporosis in alveolar bone. Osteoporosis lesions is simulated in vitro in porcine bones, and imaging is performed by OCT and micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT). A developed algorithm is proposed to calculate the optical attenuation coefficient (
μ
t), mean optical attenuation coefficient (), integrated reflectivity (ΔR) and bone density (
BD). The , ΔR and
BD parameters shows a good correlation to micro‐CT parameters (bone volume/tissue volume and total porosity). The
μ
t and methods are negatively impacted by non‐uniform intensities distribution in osteoporosis images. In conclusion,
BD and ΔR analysis demonstrates to be potential techniques for diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis using OCT.
In vivo longitudinal imaging of RNA interference‐induced endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Biswal Nrusingh C. , Fu Xiaoyong , Jagtap Jaidip M. , Shea Martin J. , Kumar Vijetha , Lords Tamika , Roy Ronita , Schiff Rachel , Joshi Amit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer is a major obstacle in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor‐positive (ER+) tumors. Herein, we demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal, noninvasive and semiquantitative in vivo molecular imaging of resistance to three endocrine therapies by using an inducible fluorescence‐labeled short hairpin RNA (shRNA) system in orthotopic mice xenograft tumors. We employed a dual fluorescent doxycycline (Dox)‐regulated lentiviral inducer system to transfect ER+ MCF7L breast cancer cells, with green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression as a marker of transfection and red fluorescent protein (RFP) expression as a surrogate marker of Dox‐induced tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) knockdown. Xenografted MCF7L tumor‐bearing nude mice were randomized to therapies comprising estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen or an ER degrader (fulvestrant) and an estrogen‐treated control group. Longitudinal imaging was performed by a home‐built multispectral imaging system based on a cooled image intensified charge coupled device camera. The GFP signal, which corresponds to number of viable tumor cells, exhibited excellent correlation to caliper‐measured tumor size (P << .05). RFP expression was substantially higher in mice exhibiting therapy resistance and strongly and significantly (P < 1e‐7) correlated with the tumor size progression for the mice with shRNA‐induced PTEN knockdown. PTEN loss was strongly correlated with resistance to estrogen deprivation, tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapies.
CD56−CD16+ NK cells from HIV-infected individuals negatively regulate IFN-γ production by autologous CD8+ T cells
Authors: Ma Meichen , Yin Xiaowan , Zhao Xue , Guo Chenxi , Zhu Xiaoyu , Liu Tingting , Yang Mei , Zhang Zining , Fu Yajing , Liu Jing , Xu Junjie , Ding Haibo , Han Xiaoxu , Chu Zhenxing , Shang Hong , Jiang Yongjun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The percentage of human CD56−CD16+ NK cells increases during chronic infection with human HIV; however, the biologic role of CD56−CD16+ NK cells in HIV infection is unclear. Our results demonstrate that the percentage of CD56−CD16+ NK cells producing IL-10 and TGF-β was higher than CD56dimCD16+ NK cells. CD56−CD16+ NK cells could inhibit IFN-γ production by autologous CD8+ T cells, and this inhibition could be partially reversed by anti-IL-10, anti-TGF-β, or anti-PD-L1 mAbs. CD56−CD16+ NK cells are potential targets for the development of novel immune therapies against HIV infection.
Chikungunya virus modulates the miRNA expression patterns in human synovial fibroblasts
Authors: Agrawal Meghna , Pandey Neha , Rastogi Meghana , Dogra Smriti , Singh Sunit K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes. CHIKV infection leads to polyarthritis and polyarthralgia among patients. The synovial fibroblasts are the primary target for CHIKV. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are the small endogenous noncoding RNAs which posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through their 3′‐untranslated regions. The miRNAs are the key regulators for various pathological processes including viral infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. This study was designed to dissect out the roles of miRNAs during CHIKV (Ross Strain E1: A226V) infection in primary human synovial fibroblasts. The miRNA microarray profiling was performed on the primary human synovial fibroblasts infected by CHIKV. The gene target prediction analysis, enrichment, and network analysis were performed by various bioinformatics analyses. The subset of 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were identified through microarray profiling and were further screened for gene predictions, Gene Ontology, pathway enrichment, and miRNA‐mRNA network using various bioinformatics tools. The bioinformatics analysis indicates the role of DEMs by suppressing the immune response which may contribute to CHIKV persistence in human primary synovial fibroblasts. Our study provides the plausible roles of DEMs, miRNAs, and mRNA interactions and pathways involved in the molecular pathogenesis of CHIKV.
Coniferization of the mixed‐wood boreal forests under warm climate
Authors: Remy Cécile C. , Senici Dominic , Chen Han Y. H. , Bergeron Yves , Lavoie Martin , Paradis Laure , Ali Adam A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMixed‐wood boreal forests are characterized by a heterogeneous landscape dominated by coniferous or deciduous species depending on stand moisture and fire activity. Our study highlights the long‐term drivers of these differences between landscapes across mixed‐wood boreal forests to improve simulated vegetation dynamics under predicted climate changes. We investigate the effects of main climate trends and wildfire activities on the vegetation dynamics of two areas characterized by different stand moisture regimes during the last 9000 years. We performed paleofire and pollen analyses in the mixed‐wood boreal forest of north‐western Ontario, derived from lacustrine sediment deposits, to reconstruct historical vegetation dynamics, which encompassed both the Holocene climatic optimum (ca. 8000–4000 a bp) and the Neoglacial period (ca. 4000 a bp). The past warm and dry period (Holocene climatic optimum) promoted higher fire activity that resulted in an increase in coniferous species abundance in the xeric area. The predicted warmer climate and an increase in drought events should lead to a coniferization of the xeric areas affected by high fire activity while the mesic areas may retain a higher broadleaf abundance, as these areas are not prone to an increase in fire activity. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tourism resilience in the context of integrated destination and disaster management (DM2)
Authors: Filimonau Viachaslau , De Coteau Delysia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe disaster management principles should be integrated into the destination management plans to enhance resilience of tourist destinations to natural disasters. The success of such integration depends on the extent of tourism stakeholder collaboration, but this topic remains understudied, especially in the Caribbean. This paper evaluates tourism resilience in Grenada. It finds that local tourism stakeholders are well aware of the potential damage natural disasters can inflict on the destination but fail to develop effective measures to build destination‐wide and organizational resilience. The paper proposes an action framework to aid tourism stakeholders in Grenada to more effectively plan for disasters.
Experimental probes of silver metal nanoparticle formation kinetics: Comparing indirect versus more direct methods
Authors: Sandoe Haley E. , Watzky Murielle A. , Diaz Steven A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe kinetics of noble metal nanoparticle formation in bottom‐up syntheses are important for controlling and optimizing these methods. Hence, experimental probes that are easily accessible to most laboratories are also of interest. We collected kinetic curves for the formation of silver nanoparticles in a modified Turkevich method with citrate acting as the reducing and stabilizing agent by (i) measuring the change in silver nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance by UV‐visible spectroscopy, a somewhat indirect method, and then also by (ii) measuring the change in silver ion concentration by ion‐selective electrode potentiometry and/or atomic absorption spectroscopy, two more direct methods. The resulting sigmoidal kinetic curves were curvefitted with the Finke‐Watzky two‐step kinetic model of slow, continuous nucleation and fast autocatalytic growth to extract average rate constants. We found that the kinetic curves obtained by following the change in silver ion concentration were apparent mirror images of those constructed by following the change in nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance, and that their respective curvefits displayed the same sigmoidal characteristics. The resultant values of the rate constants for nucleation and growth overlapped within experimental error between the methods and showed similar trends over the range of citrate concentrations studied. The use of multiple probes in this work to follow the kinetics of nanoparticle formation helps fill a need for the comparison and evaluation of different methods available to scientists, particularly those considered easily accessible.
Effects of Pulsed 810 nm Al‐Ga‐As Diode Laser on Wound Healing Under Immunosuppression: A Molecular Insight
Authors: Keshri Gaurav K. , Yadav Anju , Verma Saurabh , Kumar Bhuvnesh , Gupta Asheesh 
Published: September 2019

Background and ObjectivesDysregulated inflammation is one of the major contributing factors for the prevalence of non‐healing chronic wound in immunosuppressed subjects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential non‐thermal, light‐based therapeutic healing intervention for the treatment of impaired wounds.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe present study delineates the underlying molecular mechanisms of PBM 810 nm laser‐induced full‐thickness cutaneous wound repair in immunosuppressed rats at continuous and pulsed wave‐mode with power‐density of 40 mW/cm
2, fluence 22.6 J/cm
2 for 10 minutes daily for 7 post‐wounding days. Molecular markers were assessed using biochemical, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantification, enzyme kinetics and immunoblots analyses pertaining to inflammation, oxidative stress, cell survival, calcium signaling, and proliferation cascades.ResultsResults distinctly revealed that pulsed 810 nm (10 Hz) PBM potentially influenced the cell survival and proliferation signaling pathway by significantly upregulated phospho‐protein kinase B(phospho‐Akt), phospho‐extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase 1 (ERK1), transient receptor potential vanilloid‐3 (TRPV3), Ca2+, calmodulin, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), TGF‐βR3, and Na
+/K
+‐ATPase pump levels. PBM treatment resulted in reduction of exaggerated inflammatory responses evident by significantly repressed levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2), and substance‐P receptor (SPR), as well as inhibited apoptotic cell death by decreasing p53, cytochrome C, and caspase 3 levels (P < 0.05), which, in turn, effectively augment the wound repair in immunosuppressed rats. PBM treatment also lowered 4‐hydroxynoneal (HNE) adduct level and NADP/NADPH ratio and upregulated the GRP78 expression, which might culminate into reduced oxidative stress and maintained the redox homeostasis.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings would be helpful in better understanding of the molecular aspects involved in pulsed 810 nm laser‐mediated dermal wound healing in immunosuppressed rats through regulation of cell survival and proliferation via Ca2+‐calmodulin, Akt, ERK, and redox signaling. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Ultrasonic Treatment on Hydrophilicity and Thermal Stability of Silk
Authors: Wang Wuchao , Rather Luqman Jameel , Gong Kang , Zhou Qi , Zhang Tonghua , Li Qing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSilk is an important natural protein polymer with unique biological and chemical properties. Ultrasonic technology is recently considered as an efficient energy supply for silk wet processing as well as for polymer modification. This study investigates changes in silk hydrophilicity and thermal properties with ultrasonic treatment at different frequencies and for different time durations. Hydrophilicity reflected by moisture absorption and wicking performance of the fabric is measured and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Thermal properties are investigated by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, and derivative thermogravimetric analysis. It is found an improvement in both hydrophilicity and thermal stability of silk after ultrasonic treatment, especially under a lowered frequency and/or under a prolonged treatment time. This is attributed to the realignment of the macro‐molecules as a result of intensive heat and pressure generated from acoustic cavitation during ultrasonic treatment.
Comparative analysis of the composition and function of fecal‐gut bacteria in captive juvenile Crocodylus siamensis between healthy and anorexic individuals
Authors: Lin Mao , Zeng Chenxi , Li Zhongqin , Ma Ying , Jia Xueqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Siamese crocodile (Crocodylus siamensis) is a freshwater, endangered crocodile with high economic value in the farming industry. Gut microflora plays an essential role in host physiological activity, and it contributes significantly to both the health and diseased states of animals. However, thus far, no study has focused on the correlation between diseases and intestinal bacterial communities in crocodilians. Here, we first compared the composition and function of gut microbial communities in captive juvenile C. siamensis suffering from anorexia and healthy crocodile controls using deep amplicon sequencing. The gut microbial diversity of anorexic crocodiles was much lower than the healthy individuals. Obvious changes in gut microbial composition were observed between sick and healthy crocodiles, except for Cetobacterium somerae of phylum Fusobacteria. In particular, the abundance of Bacteroides luti, Clostridium disporicum, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Odoribacter sp. in the gut flora of healthy crocodiles was distinctly higher than the diseased group. Conversely, the species Edwardsiella tarda was overrepresented in the gut of anorexic crocodiles compared to the healthy group. Furthermore, in anorexic crocodiles, the predicted microbial functions that were related to amino acid metabolism, biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites, nucleotide metabolism, replication and repair, and translation were significantly reduced, while signal transduction was significantly enriched. These findings of the present study provide a reference to enrich the field of gut microorganism studies in crocodilians and suggest that alterations in the composition and function of gut bacteria in C. siamensis juveniles may be associated with anorexia in crocodiles.
Neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease: Should the focus be on axons and synaptic terminals?
Authors: Wong Yvette C. , Luk Kelvin , Purtell Kerry , Burke Nanni Samuel , Stoessl A. Jon , Trudeau Louis‐Eric , Yue Zhenyu , Krainc Dimitri , Oertel Wolfgang , Obeso Jose A. , Volpicelli‐Daley Laura A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWhile current effective therapies are available for the symptomatic control of PD, treatments to halt the progressive neurodegeneration still do not exist. Loss of dopamine neurons in the SNc and dopamine terminals in the striatum drive the motor features of PD. Multiple lines of research point to several pathways which may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. These pathways include extensive axonal arborization, mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine's biochemical properties, abnormal protein accumulation of α‐synuclein, defective autophagy and lysosomal degradation, and synaptic impairment. Thus, understanding the essential features and mechanisms of dopaminergic neuronal vulnerability is a major scientific challenge and highlights an outstanding need for fostering effective therapies against neurodegeneration in PD. This article, which arose from the Movement Disorders 2018 Conference, discusses and reviews the possible mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability and potential therapeutic approaches in PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Everything you wanted to know about phase and reference frequency in one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Sheberstov Kirill F. , Sistaré Guardiola Eduard , Jeannerat Damien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fundamental concept of phase discussed in this tutorial aimed at providing students with an explanation of the delays and processing parameters they may find in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse programs. We consider the phase of radio‐frequency pulses, receiver, and magnetization and how all these parameters are related to phases and offsets of signals in spectra. The impact of the off‐resonance effect on the phase of the magnetization is discussed before presenting an overview of how adjustment of the time reference of the free induction decay avoids first‐order correction of the phase of spectra. The main objective of this tutorial is to show how the relative phase of a pulse and the receiver can be used to change the reference frequency along direct and indirect dimensions of NMR experiments. Unusual of phase incrementation with non‐90° angles will be illustrated on one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra.