bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the drivers of BNDES credit to Brazilian state governments
Authors: Matos Paulo Rogério Faustino , de Jesus Filho Jaime 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to address the discussion on the credit disbursement of US$28.6bn from Brazilian National Economic and Social Development Bank (BNDES) to Brazilian state governments during the period from 2009 to 2014. They try to identify the main drivers of the credit allocation in both cross state and time.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a dynamic balanced panel to estimate the role of technical and socioeconomic variables.

Findings
The results suggest that the states’ need for financing via BNDES exhibits neither inertial nor explosive behavior. The authors find an efficiency elasticity of this resource of 0.20. In addition, the impact of a positive change in the state fiscal status leads to an increase of 2.5 per cent in the indebtedness capacity. Finally, they find that wealthier states are more successful in demanding credit from BNDES.

Practical implications
This analysis of resource allocation is useful for modeling the determinants of international financial institutions as central planners. The authors also invite researchers to discuss the decision-making processes that characterize the federative pact in Brazil.

Originality/value
Although a burgeoning body of literature has examined the role of BNDES as a creditor institution for firms, its relationship with the public sector, in special subnational governments, has been rarely studied.
The New Learning Organisation
Authors: Antonacopoulou Elena P. , Moldjord Christian , Steiro Trygve J. , Stokkeland Christina 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to revive the old idea of the Learning Organisation by providing a fresh conceptualisation and illustration. The New Learning Organisation is conceptualised, focussing on the common good through responsible action. It is positioned as responding to the VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity and Ambiguity, Bennett and Lemoine, 2014) conditions with a VUCA approach to Learning Leadership fostering Institutional Reflexivity and High Agility Organising .

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a new organisational learning framework – the 8As – Sensuous Organisational Learning framework. It illustrates the operationalisation of this framework in PART II through the educational practices and learning culture of the Norwegian Defence University College, Royal Norwegian Air Force Academy’s (RNoAFA) approach to growing (Military) leaders.

Findings
The Sensuous Organisational Learning – 8As – framework illustrates how attentiveness, alertness, awareness, appreciation, anticipation, alignment, activation and agility form an integral part of the New Learning Organisation. Their unique contribution as aspect of a Sensuous Organisational Learning framework is that they explicate how the three principles of Institutional Reflexivity, High Agility Organising and Learning Leadership can be operationalised to serve the common good.

Research limitations/implications
The paper presents a novel way of reviving the Learning Organisation beyond an ideology as a practical approach to responding to VUCA conditions. It introduces a new learning theory and injects a fresh perspective in our understanding of the role and impact of learning in the workplace.

Practical implications
By focussing on Learning Leadership practices that extend previous Organisational Learning frameworks, The New Learning Organisation promoted here focuses on responsible action to serve the common good through Institutional Reflexivity and High Agility Organising.

Social implications
By focussing on how the common good can be better served, the New Learning Organisation becomes a mantra for social change to identify the higher purpose that social actions must serve.

Originality/value
The need for fresh contributions in the Organisational Learning debate is long overdue. This paper marks a new chapter in Organisational Learning research and practice by demonstrating the value of sensousness as a foundation for improving the practical judgements across professional practices.
Discovery of bacteriorhodopsins in Haloarchaeal species isolated from Indian solar salterns: deciphering the role of the N‐terminal residues in protein folding and functional expression
Authors: Verma Dipesh Kumar , Baral Ishita , Kumar Atul , Prasad Senthil E. , Thakur Krishan Gopal 
Published: January 2019

SummaryInteresting optical and photochemical properties make microbial rhodopsin a promising biological material suitable for various applications, but the cost‐prohibitive nature of production has limited its commercialization. The aim of this study was to explore the natural biodiversity of Indian solar salterns to isolate natural bacteriorhodopsin (BR) variants that can be functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. In this study, we report the isolation, functional expression and purification of BRs from three pigmented haloarchaea, wsp3 (water sample Pondicherry), wsp5 and K1T isolated from two Indian solar salterns. The results of the 16S rRNA data analysis suggest that wsp3, wsp5 and K1T are novel strains belonging to the genera Halogeometricum, Haloferax and Haloarcula respectively. Overall, the results of our study suggest that 17 N‐terminal residues, that were not included in the gene annotation of the close sequence homologues, are essential for functional expression of BRs. The primary sequence, secondary structural content, thermal stability and absorbance spectral properties of these recombinant BRs are similar to those of the previously reported Haloarcula marismortui HmBRI. This study demonstrates the cost‐effective, functional expression of BRs isolated from haloarchaeal species using E. coli as an expression host and paves the way for feasibility studies for future applications.
Using human experience to identify drug repurposing opportunities: theory and practice
Authors: Cavalla D. 
Published: January 2019

Retrospective evidence drawn from real‐world experience of a medicine's use outside its labelled indication is one of a number of techniques used in drug repurposing (DRP). Relying as it does on large numbers of real incidences of human experience, rather than individual case reports with limited statistical support, preclinical experiments with poor translatability or in silico associations, which are early‐stage hypotheses, it represents the best validated form of DRP. Cancer is the most frequent of such DRP examples (e.g. aspirin in pancreatic cancer, hazard ratio = 0.25). This approach can be combined with pathway analysis to provide first‐in‐class treatments for complex diseases. Alternatively, it can be combined with prospective preclinical studies to uncover a validated mechanism for a new indication, after which a repurposed molecule is chemically optimized.
Approximate Bayesian Inference for Discretely Observed Continuous-Time Multi-State Models
Authors: Tancredi Andrea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Inference for continuous time multi-state models presents considerable computational difficulties when the process is only observed at discrete time points with no additional information about the state transitions. In fact, for general multi-state Markov model, evaluation of the likelihood function is possible only via intensive numerical approximations. Moreover, in real applications, transitions between states may depend on the time since entry into the current state, and semi-Markov models, where the likelihood function is not available in closed form, should be fitted to the data. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) methods, which make use only of comparisons between simulated and observed summary statistics, represent a solution to intractable likelihood problems and provide alternative algorithms when the likelihood calculation is computationally too costly. In this article we investigate the potentiality of ABC techniques for multi-state models both to obtain the posterior distributions of the model parameters and to compare Markov and semi-Markov models. In addition, we will also exploit ABC methods to estimate and compare hidden Markov and semi-Markov models when observed states are subject to classification errors. We illustrate the performance of the ABC methodology both with simulated data and with a real data example.
The citrus flavanone hesperetin preferentially inhibits slow‐inactivating currents of a long QT syndrome type 3 syndrome Na+channel mutation
Authors: Alvarez‐Collazo Julio , López‐Requena Alejandro , Galán Loipa , Talavera Ariel , Alvarez Julio L. , Talavera Karel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeThe citrus flavanone hesperetin has been proposed for the treatment of several human pathologies, but its cardiovascular actions remain largely unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effect of hesperetin on cardiac electrical and contractile activities, on aortic contraction, on the wild‐type voltage‐gated NaV1.5 channel, and on a channel mutant (R1623Q) associated with lethal ventricular arrhythmias in the long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3).Experimental approachWe used cardiac surface ECG and contraction force recordings to evaluate the effects of hesperetin in rat isolated hearts and aortic rings. Whole‐cell patch clamp was used to record NaV1.5 currents (INa) in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes and in HEK293T cells expressing hNaV1.5 wild‐type or mutant channels.Key resultsHesperetin increased the QRS interval and heart rate and decreased the corrected QT interval and the cardiac and aortic contraction forces at concentrations equal or higher than 30 μmol·L−1. Hesperetin blocked rat and human NaV1.5 channels with an effective inhibitory concentration of ≈100 μmol·L−1. This inhibition was enhanced at depolarized holding potentials and higher stimulation frequency and was reduced by the disruption of the binding site for local anaesthetics. Hesperetin increased the rate of inactivation and preferentially inhibitedINaduring the slow inactivation phase, these effects being more pronounced in the R1623Q mutant.Conclusions and implicationsHesperetin preferentially inhibits the slow inactivation phase ofINa, more markedly in the mutant R1623Q. Hesperetin could be used as a template to develop drugs against lethal cardiac arrhythmias in LQT3.
The impact of inheritance experiences in orphans and vulnerable children support inZimbabwe:Acaregivers' perspective
Authors: Ringson John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the predominant contemporary and traditional coping strategies adopted in Zimbabwe in the past three decades and beyond, challenges and issues related to inheritance continued to affect the livelihood of both orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) and their caregivers. This article is a qualitative phenomenological study seeking to examine the perceptions, views, and feelings of the OVC and their caregivers on their lived experiences in OVC care and support in Zimbabwe. The study focusses on the caregivers' perspectives of the impact of the inheritance experiences in OVC care and support within their tribal local rural communities. In‐depth narrative interviews were conducted with 30 caregivers, corroborated with 10 OVC purposively sampled in the Gutu District of Zimbabwe. The results showed that although the caregivers are doing their best in executing their strategies for OVC care and support, the manipulation and misappropriation of the inheritances from deceased parents or grandparents that were meant to benefit the OVCs are still widespread in the rural communities of Zimbabwe. In conclusion, the study recommends the need for an integrated stakeholders' approach in educating the local rural communities about their inheritance rights.
What Are You Waiting For? Real‐Time Integration of Cues for Fricatives Suggests Encapsulated Auditory Memory
Authors: Galle Marcus E. , Klein‐Packard Jamie , Schreiber Kayleen , McMurray Bob 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpeech unfolds over time, and the cues for even a single phoneme are rarely available simultaneously. Consequently, to recognize a single phoneme, listeners must integrate material over several hundred milliseconds. Prior work contrasts two accounts: (a) a memory buffer account in which listeners accumulate auditory information in memory and only access higher level representations (i.e., lexical representations) when sufficient information has arrived; and (b) an immediate integration scheme in which lexical representations can be partially activated on the basis of early cues and then updated when more information arises. These studies have uniformly shown evidence for immediate integration for a variety of phonetic distinctions. We attempted to extend this to fricatives, a class of speech sounds which requires not only temporal integration of asynchronous cues (the frication, followed by the formant transitions 150–350 ms later), but also integration across different frequency bands and compensation for contextual factors like coarticulation. Eye movements in the visual world paradigm showed clear evidence for a memory buffer. Results were replicated in five experiments, ruling out methodological factors and tying the release of the buffer to the onset of the vowel. These findings support a general auditory account for speech by suggesting that the acoustic nature of particular speech sounds may have large effects on how they are processed. It also has major implications for theories of auditory and speech perception by raising the possibility of an encapsulated memory buffer in early auditory processing.
Taxation and the Environment–Health–Poverty Trap: A Policy Experiment Perspective
Authors: Chen Sumei , He Ling‐Yun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnder pressures related to economic growth and environmental protection, China is facing an increasingly severe “environment–health–poverty” trap risk. Fuel taxation is generally considered an effective policy to counter such a risk. Since 2009 China has raised the fuel tax rate many times to enhance tax reform. However, the effects of this policy remain unknown. Therefore, it is vitally important to estimate the impacts of China's current fuel taxation policy on environment, public health and the national economy. As the first attempt in existing literature on China, this paper builds a general equilibrium framework with the feedback effect of public health on economy. We find that that the fuel tax policy benefits the adjustment of the economic structure and improves human health; however, it is detrimental to economic growth, public welfare and price stability. In this sense, it plays a limited role in reducing the trap risk and might not be sustainable in the long term.
City Size, Population Concentration and Productivity: Evidence from China
Authors: Shen Jie , Chen Chunlai , Yang Mengyu , Zhang Keyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of China's city size and urban population concentration on city productivity by developing a distinctive index based on global nighttime light data. Using the panel data of 280 prefecture cities from 2004 to 2013 and employing dynamic system generalized method of moments and panel threshold model regression techniques, our results show that city size has a positive impact on city productivity; therefore, cities in China still have the potential to expand. While moderate urban population concentration can benefit city productivity, excessively concentrated urban population distribution may impede the growth of city productivity. We also find that the level of labor income significantly affects the impacts of urban agglomeration on labor productivity. Therefore, our results imply that city development policies should focus more on how to appropriately allocate economic activities and adjust population distribution in urban areas according to different stages of economic development.
A luminescence‐based assay for evaluating bactericidal antibody to Borrelia burgdorferi in vaccinated horses’ serum
Authors: Lee J.J. , Hsieh C.L. , Widman J. , Mingala C. , Ardeza Villanueva M. , Feng H. , Divers T. , Chang Y.‐F. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundCurrent serological tests cannot discriminate between bactericidal Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies from others that are merely a response to Borrelia antigenic stimulation.ObjectiveTo develop a sensitive and convenient luminescence‐based serum bactericidal assay (L‐SBA) to identify serum borreliacidal activity.Study designProspective validation study and method comparison.MethodsSerum samples were obtained either from archives of the Animal Health Diagnostic Center at Cornell University (N = 7) or from a vaccination trial (N = 238). Endogenous complement‐inactivated serum sample was incubated with exogenic complement and B. burgdorferi ML23 pBBE22luc, which is able to process luciferin with luciferase and produce luminescence in viable Borrelia. After incubation, a light signal can be detected by using a luminometer to calculate the borreliacidal antibody titre.ResultsComponents of the reaction mixture including spirochetes and complement from various sources and concentrations were tested to identify a reliable recipe for our complement‐mediated L‐SBA. We also applied this L‐SBA on measuring bactericidal antibody activities and calculated the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of serum samples from clinical collections. Furthermore, we analysed the L‐SBA titres and anti‐outer surface protein A (OspA) antibody levels from vaccinated horses using the multiplex assays and found that there is a relationship between results generated using these two different assays. The increases of L‐SBA titres correlated with increases of anti‐OspA antibody titre in sera (r = 0.423).Main limitationsImmunoreactivity of commercial complement may differ from different batches. Clinical protection of borreliacidal antibody levels has not been determined.ConclusionsThe L‐SBA provided a sensitive and easy‐operating platform for the evaluation of bactericidal antibody to B. burgdorferi, and we anticipated L‐SBA would function well as an evaluation tool of vaccine efficiency in the future.
Variation in gait parameters used for objective lameness assessment in sound horses at the trot on the straight line and the lunge
Authors: Hardeman A. M. , Serra Bragança F. M. , Swagemakers J. H. , van Weeren P. R. , Roepstorff L. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundObjective lameness assessment is gaining more importance in a clinical setting, necessitating availability of reference values.ObjectivesTo investigate the between ‐path, ‐trial and ‐day variation, between and within horses, in the locomotion symmetry of horses in regular use that are perceived sound.Study designObservational study with replicated measurement sessions.MethodsTwelve owner‐sound horses were trotted on the straight line and on the lunge. Kinematic data were collected from these horses using 3D optical motion capture. Examinations were repeated on 12 occasions over the study which lasted 42 days in total. For each horse, measurements were grouped as five replicates on the first and second measurement days and two replicates on the third measurement day. Between measurement days 2 and 3, every horse had a break from examination of at least 28 days. Previously described symmetry parameters were calculated: RUD and RDD (Range Up/Down Difference; difference in upward/downward movement between right and left halves of a stride); MinDiff and MaxDiff (difference between the two minima/maxima of the movement); HHDswing and HHDstance (Hip Hike Difference‐swing/‐stance; difference between the upward movement of the tuber coxae during swingphase/stancephase). Data are described by the between‐measurement variation for each parameter. A linear mixed model was used to test for the effect of time, surface and path. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to access repeatability.ResultsMean between‐measurement variation was (MinDiff, MaxDiff, RUD, RDD): 13, 12, 20, 16 mm (head); 4, 3, 6, 4 mm (withers) and 5, 4, 6, 6 mm (pelvis); (HHDswing, HHDstance): 7 and 7 mm. More between‐measurement variation is seen on the first measurement day compared to the second and third measurement days. In general, less variation is seen with increasing number of repetitions. Less between‐measurement variation is seen on hard surface compared to soft surface. More between‐measurement variation is seen on the circle compared to the straight line. Between‐horse variation was clearly larger than within‐horse variation. ICC values for the head, withers and pelvis symmetry parameters were 0.68 (head), 0.76 (withers), 0.85 (pelvis).Main limitationsLunge measurements on a hard surface were not performed.ConclusionsBetween‐measurement variation may be substantial, especially in head motion. This should be considered when interpreting clinical data after repeated measurements, as in routine lameness assessments.
Bleed volume of experimental knee haemarthrosis correlates with the subsequent degree of haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Vøls Kåre Kryger , Kjelgaard‐Hansen Mads , Ley Carsten Dan , Hansen Axel Kornerup , Petersen Maj 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHaemophilic arthropathy is the main morbidity of haemophilia. The individual pathological response to the same number of clinically evident joint bleeds is highly variable; thus, it remains unknown if certain joint bleeding characteristics are critical for the development of arthropathy.AimTo study the relation between bleed volume and subsequent development of arthropathy, we aimed to develop quantitative in vivo imaging of active joint bleeds in a mouse model of haemophilia.MethodsHaemophilia A (F8‐KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice were IV‐dosed with a micro‐CT blood pool contrast agent prior to an induced knee haemarthrosis or sham procedure. The mice were micro‐CT scanned five times the following 2 days to characterise and quantify the induced haemarthrosis in vivo. On Day 14, the mice were euthanized and pathological changes evaluated by histology and micro‐CT. Additionally, bleeding characteristics in vehicle‐treated F8‐KO mice were compared with those of recombinant FVIII (rFVIII)‐treated F8‐KO mice.ResultsF8‐KO mice had a significantly larger bleed volume than WT mice at all scan time points. The bleed volume 12 hours after induction of haemarthrosis correlated with the subsequent degree of arthropathy. Presence of µCT‐detectable bone pathology was associated with a significantly increased bleed volume among F8‐KO mice. rFVIII treatment significantly reduced bleed volume in F8‐KO mice.ConclusionQuantitative in vivo contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT imaging can be used to characterize and quantify joint bleeds in a mouse model of haemophilic arthropathy. The bleed volume correlates with the subsequent degree of arthropathy.