bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey
Authors: Murgas F. , Chen G. , Pallé E. , Nortmann L. , Nowak G. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Rayleigh scattering in a hydrogen-dominated exoplanet atmosphere can be detected using ground- or space-based telescopes. However, stellar activity in the form of spots can mimic Rayleigh scattering in the observed transmission spectrum. Quantifying this phenomena is key to our correct interpretation of exoplanet atmospheric properties.
Aims. We use the ten-meter Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) telescope to carry out a ground-based transmission spectra survey of extrasolar planets to characterize their atmospheres. In this paper we investigate the exoplanet HAT-P-11b, a Neptune-sized planet orbiting an active K-type star.
Methods. We obtained long-slit optical spectroscopy of two transits of HAT-P-11b with the Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) on August 30, 2016 and September 25, 2017. We integrated the spectrum of HAT-P-11 and one reference star in several spectroscopic channels across the λ ~ 400–785 nm region, creating numerous light curves of the transits. We fit analytic transit curves to the data taking into account the systematic effects and red noise present in the time series in an effort to measure the change of the planet-to-star radius ratio (Rp∕Rs) across wavelength.
Results. By fitting both transits together, we find a slope in the transmission spectrum showing an increase of the planetary radius towards blue wavelengths. Closer inspection of the transmission spectrum of the individual data sets reveals that the first transit presents this slope while the transmission spectrum of the second data set is flat. Additionally, we detect hints of Na absorption on the first night, but not on the second. We conclude that the transmission spectrum slope and Na absorption excess found in the first transit observation are caused by unocculted stellar spots. Modeling the contribution of unocculted spots to reproduce the results of the first night we find a spot filling factor of δ = 0.62−0.17+0.20 and a spot-to-photosphere temperature difference of ΔT = 429−299+184 K.
An estimate of the k2 Love number of WASP-18Ab from its radial velocity measurements
Authors: Csizmadia Sz. , Hellard H. , Smith A. M. S. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Increasing our knowledge of the interior structure, composition, and density distribution of exoplanets is crucial to make progress in the understanding of exoplanetary formation, migration and habitability. However, the directly measurable mass and radius values offer little constraint on interior structure, because the inverse problem is highly degenerate. Therefore, there is a clear need for a third observable of exoplanet interiors. This third observable can be the k2 fluid Love number which measures the central mass concentration of an exoplanet.
Aims. The aims of this paper are (i) to develop a basic model to fit the long-term radial velocity and TTV variations caused by tidal interactions, (ii) to apply the model to the WASP-18Ab system, and (iii) to estimate the Love number of the planet.
Methods. Archival radial velocity, transit and occultation timing data were collected and fitted using the model introduced here.
Results. The best model fit to the archival radial velocity and timing data of WASP-18Ab was obtained with a Love number of the massive (~10 MJup) hot Jupiter WASP-18Ab: k2,Love = 0.62−0.19+0.55. This causes apsidal motion in the system, at a rate of ~0.0087 ± 0.0033°∕days ≊ 31.3 ± 11.8 arcsec day−1. When checking possible causes of periastron precession, other than the relativistic term or the non-spherical shape of the components, we found a companion star to the WASP-18 system, named WASP-18B which is a probable M6.5V dwarf with ~0.1 M⊙ at 3519 AU distance from the transit host star. We also find that small orbital eccentricities may be real, rather than an apparent effect caused by the non-spherical stellar shape.
CHANG-ES
Authors: Stein Y. , Dettmar R.-J. , Irwin J. , Beck R. , Weżgowiec M. , Miskolczi A. , Krause M. , Heesen V. , Wiegert T. , Heald G. , Walterbos R. A. M. , Li J.-T. , Soida M. 
Published: January 2019

Context. The observation of total and linearly polarized synchrotron radiation of spiral galaxies in the radio continuum reveals the distribution and structure of their magnetic fields. By observing these, information about the proposed dynamo processes that preserve the large-scale magnetic fields in spiral galaxies can be gained. Additionally, by analyzing the synchrotron intensity, the transport processes of cosmic rays into the halo of edge-on spiral galaxies can be investigated.
Aims. We analyze the magnetic field geometry and the transport processes of the cosmic rays of the edge-on spiral starburst galaxy NGC 4666 from CHANG-ES radio data in two frequencies; 6 GHz (C-band) and 1.5 GHz (L-band). Supplementary X-ray data are used to investigate the hot gas in NGC 4666.
Methods. We determine the radio scale heights of total power emission at both frequencies for this galaxy. We show the magnetic field orientations derived from the polarization data. Using rotation measure (RM) synthesis we further study the behavior of the RM values along the disk in C-band to investigate the large-scale magnetic-field pattern. We use the revised equipartition formula to calculate a map of the magnetic field strength. Furthermore, we model the processes of cosmic-ray transport into the halo with the 1D SPINNAKER model.
Results. The extended radio halo of NGC 4666 is box-shaped and is probably produced by the previously observed supernova-driven superwind. This is supported by our finding of an advective cosmic-ray transport such as that expected for a galactic wind. The scale-height analysis revealed an asymmetric halo above and below the disk as well as between the two sides of the major axis. A central point source as well as a bubble structure is seen in the radio data for the first time. Our X-ray data show a box-shaped hot halo around NGC 4666 and furthermore confirm the AGN nature of the central source. NGC 4666 has a large-scale X-shaped magnetic field in the halo, as has been observed in other edge-on galaxies. The analysis furthermore revealed that the disk of NGC 4666 shows hints of field reversals along its radius, which is the first detection of this phenomenon in an external galaxy.
Homogeneous analysis of globular clusters from the APOGEE survey with the BACCHUS code
Authors: Masseron T. , García-Hernández D. A. , Mészáros Sz. , Zamora O. , Dell’Agli F. , Allende Prieto C. , Edvardsson B. , Shetrone M. , Plez B. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Cunha K. , Jönsson H. , Geisler D. , Beers T. C. , Cohen R. E. 
Published: January 2019

Aims. We seek to provide abundances of a large set of light and neutron-capture elements homogeneously analyzed that cover a wide range of metallicity to constrain globular cluster (GC) formation and evolution models.
Methods. We analyzed a large sample of 885 GCs giants from the SDSS IV-Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey. We used the Cannon results to separate the red giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars, not only allowing for a refinement of surface gravity from isochrones, but also providing an independent H-band spectroscopic method to distinguish stellar evolutionary status in clusters. We then used the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing High accUracy Spectra (BACCHUS) to derive metallicity, microturbulence, macroturbulence, many light-element abundances, and the neutron-capture elements Nd and Ce for the first time from the APOGEE GCs data.
Results. Our independent analysis helped us to diagnose issues regarding the standard analysis of the APOGEE DR14 for low-metallicity GC stars. Furthermore, while we confirm most of the known correlations and anticorrelation trends (Na-O, Mg-Al, C-N), we discover that some stars within our most metal-poor clusters show an extreme Mg depletion and some Si enhancement. At the same time, these stars show some relative Al depletion, displaying a turnover in the Mg-Al diagram. These stars suggest that Al has been partially depleted in their progenitors by very hot proton-capture nucleosynthetic processes. Furthermore, we attempted to quantitatively correlate the spread of Al abundances with the global properties of GCs. We find an anticorrelation of the Al spread against clusters metallicity and luminosity, but the data do not allow us to find clear evidence of a dependence of N against metallicity in the more metal-poor clusters.
Conclusions. Large and homogeneously analyzed samples from ongoing spectroscopic surveys unveil unseen chemical details for many clusters, including a turnover in the Mg-Al anticorrelation, thus yielding new constrains for GCs formation/evolution models.
Implementation and validation of the GEANT4/AtRIS code to model the radiation environment at Mars
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Banjac Saša , Röstel Lennart , Terasa Jan C. , Herbst Konstantin , Heber Bernd , Wimmer-Schweingruber Robert F. 
Published: January 2019

A new GEANT4 particle transport model – the Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator (AtRIS, Banjac et al. 2018.J Geophys Res Space Phys123.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026042) – has been recently developed in order to model the interaction of radiation with planets. The upcoming instrumentational advancements in the exoplanetary science, in particular transit spectroscopy capabilities of missions like JWST and E-ELT, have motivated the development of a particle transport code with a focus on providing the necessary flexibility in planet specification (atmosphere and soil geometry and composition, tidal locking, oceans, clouds, etc.) for the modeling of radiation environment for exoplanets. Since there are no factors limiting the applicability of AtRIS to Mars and Venus, AtRIS’ unique flexibility opens possibilities for new studies.Following the successful validation against Earth measurements (Banjac et al. 2018.J Geophys Res Space Phys123.https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026042), this work applies AtRIS with a specific implementation of the Martian atmospheric and regolith structure to model the radiation environment at Mars. We benchmark these first modeling results based on different GEANT4 physics lists with the energetic particle spectra recently measured by the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the surface of Mars. The good agreement between AtRIS and the actual measurement provides one of the first and sound validations of AtRIS and the preferred physics list which could be recommended for predicting the radiation field of other conceivable (exo)planets with an atmospheric environment similar to Mars.
Revising the eclipse prediction scheme in the Antikythera mechanism
Authors: Freeth Tony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn 1901, an extraordinary ancient Greek artefact was discovered in a shipwreck just off the tiny island of Antikythera. It was later shown to be a complex astronomical calculating machine and is now known as the Antikythera Mechanism. In 2005, it was established that it predicted eclipses, using a 7th century BC Babylonian eclipse cycle of 223 lunar months, known as the Saros Cycle. Understanding the complex eclipse prediction scheme on the Antikythera Mechanism has resulted from a fascinating series of discoveries. The eclipse prediction scheme is implemented through descriptive glyphs, inscribed round a 223-month Saros Dial at the rear of the Mechanism: a glyph in a particular month indicates a predicted eclipse. A 2008 publication deciphered the meaning of the glyphs: they indicate whether the predicted eclipse is lunar or solar; the possible visibility of the eclipse; and its time of day. The glyphs also include an alphabetical Index Letter, referring to inscriptions round the Saros Dial, which describe eclipse characteristics. In that publication, the full eclipse prediction scheme was not understood but subsequent work in 2014 made substantial progress. The eclipse characteristics, such as the colour and magnitude of the eclipse, are listed together in the inscriptions, together with a group of Index Letters for the eclipses to which they apply. The deeply puzzling grouping and ordering of these Index Letter Groups was solved with a simple mathematical model, which both explained these groups and the distribution of the glyphs round the Saros Dial—revealing an eclipse prediction scheme of extraordinary sophistication and ambition. Later work in 2016 proposed a radical revision of this eclipse prediction scheme, though it did not challenge the mathematical basis of the scheme. The 2016 scheme implied a completely different picture of the whole of the back plate of the Antikythera Mechanism, destroying its essential mathematical symmetry. This revision is comprehensively refuted here, except for the identification of a new text character in one of the Index Letter Groups, which implies an interesting revision of the 2014 scheme but which preserves the elegant 2014 reconstruction of the back plate of the Antikythera Mechanism.
Linguistic inferiority in software localization
Authors: Id-youss Lahousseine , Alsulaiman Abied 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Software localization constitutes an important economic and cultural activity. It involves producing a version of a software product in a different language (the target language) than the language of the original version (the source language). The technical challenges associated with software localization seem to receive more attention from field specialists, while linguistic matters are considered secondary in importance. This article aims to highlight linguistic requirements in software localization through a study of the Arabic localized version of Skype. In particular, we will demonstrate that the linguistic approach adopted by the localizer is largely literal, and this has ramifications for product quality.
On the productivity of the Italian suffix -ista and the English -ist
Authors: Mattiello Elisa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study compares the Italian suffix -ista with its English counterpart -ist
in terms of productivity. While in English -ist is often used to designate a person who devotes himself to some
science or branch of knowledge (linguist), or refers to an adherent of some creed, doctrine, or art
(idealist), Italian -ista has extended its use to new meanings (e.g. supporter of a
politician, an artist, etc.), and possible bases, from roots to phrases. Moreover, -ista has also extended its
applicability to recent loan words and abbreviations, thus becoming more frequent than -ist and often
corresponding to the -er suffix (e.g. shampooer vs. shampista) or nominal
compounds (e.g. taxi driver vs. tassista) in the formation of agent nouns. The present
contrastive (corpus-based and dictionary-based) analyses confirm that -ista is more productive than
-ist in terms of possible bases and varied meanings, which have entered the Italian lexicon and are available
for the formation of neologisms.
Kinetic study of controlled release of flavor compounds from spray-dried encapsulated yeast powder using dynamic vapor sorption–gas chromatography
Authors: Sultana Afroza , Yoshii Hidefumi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe release profile of d-limonene and ethyl hexanoate was investigated using a dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) system coupled with gas chromatography. The flavors were encapsulated by spray drying using Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells from which β-glucan had been partially extracted. Relative humidity (RH) was stepped from 20% to 50, 60, 70, and 80% at 30, 40, 50, and 60ºC. The maximum release flux for d-limonene and ethyl hexanoate was around 12 and 28 mg/s∙m2∙g-powder at 80% RH and 60ºC incubation. The Weibull distribution function was well fitted with the experimental data to analyze release kinetics. The release mechanism parameter was greater than 1.0, which indicates a controlled release with initial induction time. The activation energy for ethyl hexanoate (6 kJ/mol) was lower than d-limonene (41 kJ/mol) at 80% RH, which indicates higher affinition of ethyl hexanoate to migrate from the lipid bilayer membrane towards the water phase.
The time courses of runners’ recovery‐stress responses after a mountain ultra‐marathon: Do appraisals matter?
Authors: Gaudino Marvin , Martinent Guillaume , Millet Guillaume Y , Nicolas Michel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to: (a) examine the time courses of runners’ recovery‐stress states within the month following a demanding Mountain Ultra‐Marathon (MUM) race; and (b) explore the role of primary and secondary appraisals in these trajectories. Design: A seven‐wave one‐month longitudinal design was used with one measurement point within two days before the race to measure appraisals and six time points within the month following the race to assess recovery‐stress states experienced by athletes. Method: A multilevel growth curve analysis approach was used among a sample of 29 MUM runners. Results: Recovery‐stress states were characterized by distinct trajectories during the month following MUM race. Results of multilevel growth curve analyses showed significant linear increases of general and total recovery, significant linear decreases of general, sport‐specific and total stress and a positive quadratic effect of squared time (U shape over time) on specific recovery. Primary appraisal significantly positively predicted levels of sport‐specific recovery, total, general and sport‐specific stress and significantly negatively predicted total and general recovery. Secondary appraisal significantly negatively predicted total and general stress. Conclusions: This study provided insights into the role played by appraisals on the recovery‐stress states experienced by MUM runners the month following a demanding MUM race. Operational strategies were suggested in order to optimize the recovery‐stress balance and in turn psychological adaptation processes in response to an ultra‐endurance race.
Visualizing the superposition principle of sound waves in both-closed-end resonance tube
Authors: Jaafar Rosly , Mat Daud Anis Nazihah , Md Yusof Mohd Rozni 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this study, we visualized the superposition principle of sound waves in a both-closed-end (BCE) resonance tube. The resonance tube is constructed using an acrylic tube with 2.64 cm internal diameter and 150 cm length, polystyrene beads to illustrate the positions of displacement nodes and antinodes and two identical detachable speakers as source of sound waves at both ends of the tube. The superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube is performed for two conditions: speakers at both ends are in-phase and 180° out-of-phase with each other. The findings indicate that the superposition principle of sound waves in a BCE tube changes the modes of harmonic series in the tube depending on the phase of speakers. The harmonic series in BCE tubes occur at the even mode (n  =  2, 4, 6…) for in-phase speakers and the odd mode (n  =  1, 3, 5…) for out-of-phase speakers. The experimental values of harmonic frequencies differ by less than 6.09% compared to the theoretical values, confirming that the experiment can be used to visualize the superposition principle of sound waves in a resonance tube.
Damping behavior of a harmonic oscillator in self-induced magnetic field of a solenoid
Authors: Raveesha K H , Suma S , Ranjitha R , Rakshitha R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Most oscillators experience damping in their normal operation. In this paper, the damping behaviour of a simple harmonic oscillator made using a low-cost apparatus is examined. The damping coefficient for the (i) self induced magnetic field in a cylindrical solenoid and (ii) air are studied. The magnitude of damping force is evaluated. The results obtained in the experiment are in accordance with the theory of small oscillations. The results indicate that the under damping process is caused in the above two cases. This technique is relevant in magnetic vehicles.
Relative speeds in 2D elastic collisions
Authors: Goh Ker Liang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
When two particles undergo an elastic head-on (1D) collision, both the momentum and kinetic energy of the system of two objects are conserved (Serway and Faughn 2003 College Physics 6th edn (Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Learning) p 168, 171, 172). It is also well-known that the two equations of conservation can be solved in elastic head-on collisions to yield the magnitude of the relative speed of approach of the two particles before the collision equals the magnitude of the relative speed of separation after the collision. In this paper, we show mathematically that for 2D elastic collisions, this relationship between the relative speeds before and after collision holds true.
Benchmarking time-series data discretization on inference methods
Authors: Li Yuezhe , Jann Tiffany , Vera-Licona Paola 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSummaryThe rapid development in quantitatively measuring DNA, RNA and protein has generated a great interest in the development of reverse-engineering methods, that is, data-driven approaches to infer the network structure or dynamical model of the system. Many reverse-engineering methods require discrete quantitative data as input, while many experimental data are continuous. Some studies have started to reveal the impact that the choice of data discretization has on the performance of reverse-engineering methods. However, more comprehensive studies are still greatly needed to systematically and quantitatively understand the impact that discretization methods have on inference methods. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for systematic comparative methods that can help select between discretization methods. In this work, we consider four published intracellular networks inferred with their respective time-series datasets. We discretized the data using different discretization methods. Across all datasets, changing the data discretization to a more appropriate one improved the reverse-engineering methods’ performance. We observed no universal best discretization method across different time-series datasets. Thus, we propose DiscreeTest, a two-step evaluation metric for ranking discretization methods for time-series data. The underlying assumption of DiscreeTest is that an optimal discretization method should preserve the dynamic patterns observed in the original data across all variables. We used the same datasets and networks to show that DiscreeTest is able to identify an appropriate discretization among several candidate methods. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a method for benchmarking and selecting an appropriate discretization method for time-series data has been proposed.Availability and implementationAll the datasets, reverse-engineering methods and source code used in this paper are available in Vera-Licona’s lab Github repository: https://github.com/VeraLiconaResearchGroup/Benchmarking_TSDiscretizations.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improved Outcomes With High-dose Isoniazid in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in Haiti
Authors: Walsh Kathleen F , Vilbrun Stalz Charles , Souroutzidis Ariadne , Delva Sobieskye , Joissaint Guy , Mathurin Laurent , Ocheretina Oksana , Cremieux Pierre , Pape Jean William , Koenig Serena P 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report outcomes for a cohort of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who received high-dose isoniazid in Haiti. Patients who received high-dose isoniazid had a faster time to culture conversion and higher odds of successful outcome, despite high-level isoniazid resistance. This suggests high-dose isoniazid may have effectiveness even with phenotypic resistance.