bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting “what do tadpoles really eat?” A 10‐year perspective
Authors: Montaña Carmen G. , Silva Supuni D. G. T. M. , Hagyari David , Wager Jakob , Tiegs Lindsey , Sadeghian Cyrus , Schriever Tiffany A. , Schalk Christopher M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Tadpoles are diverse and abundant consumers, and knowledge of their feeding ecology and trophic status is essential in understanding their functional roles within aquatic habitats. Here we revisit Altig, Whiles, and Taylor (2007)'s paper, which highlighted the knowledge gaps in tadpole feeding ecology and the application of modern techniques, such as stable isotope and fatty acid analyses to better quantify dominant food resources, food assimilation, and the trophic status of tadpoles.

We reviewed the ecological studies that have been published since 2007 that used stable isotopes and fatty acid analyses, also metagenomics and ecological stoichiometry analyses. We describe the ecological roles of tadpoles in freshwater ecosystems and identify knowledge gaps regarding tadpole feeding ecology across biogeographic regions.

Worldwide declines in amphibian abundance and diversity create an urgent need to document their feeding ecology and trophic status. As consumers, tadpoles play important functional roles in nutrient cycling, energy flow, and bioturbation. They also exhibit context‐dependent trophic plasticity in response to abiotic and biotic gradients, which complicates understanding of their trophic roles.

Most studies of tadpole trophic ecology have been conducted primarily on species from the families Ranidae, Bufonidae, and Hylidae from Neotropic and Nearctic regions, while species in tropical regions such as Africa and Asia lack ecological information for tadpoles. There continues to be a need for studies of tadpole diets and/or trophic ecology in Africa and Southeast Asia regions where species endemism is threated by the growth of anthropogenic activities.

The majority of studies have focused on trophic ecology of tadpoles from the perspective of single species or at relatively small spatial and temporal scales. Studies that address questions from an ecosystem perspective were scarce, but are critical for conservation and management. Future research should aim to address the role of tadpoles as consumers across broader spatiotemporal scales.
Land supply and urbanization strategy in the Yangtze River Delta region, China
Authors: Zhang Juan‐Feng , Zhang Dan‐Xia , Zhao Guo‐Chao , Zeng Hui , Wen Hai‐Zhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChina's urbanization rate is increasing beyond sustainable levels because it has increased by approximately 1% every year in the last 30 years. As an important part of urban development, the selection of an urbanization strategy has been the focus of local governments. As such, local governments play an important role in urbanization processes by coordinating land supply and population growth. Using the 2009–2013 panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, this research tests the relationship between land supply and population growth to explore the urbanization strategy adopted by local governments. Simultaneous equation models for land supply and population growth are developed in this research. Empirical results identify land supply as the cause and population growth as the effect. Findings suggest that local governments in the YRD choose an aggressive strategy in urbanization which treats land as a tool for accelerating the urbanization.
THE (DIS)CONTINUOUS HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL
Authors: Landwehr Achim 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe political is not given. Understood as the space in which collectives think about how they should live together, the political has existed only since the seventeenth century—according to the thesis of Elías José Palti's Archaeology of the Political. Since then, a central problem of the political, namely how transcendence can be founded on immanence, has been posed in a completely new way. Palti follows this development from the seventeenth to the twentieth century, illustrated by a few individual examples. His reading of the problem is a possible one. But aren't the political questions arising from the combination of transcendence and immanence much older? Can the political really be reduced to the period so often referred to as “modernity”? In contrast to Palti, I would like to emphasize more strongly the continuities in the field of the political—continuities that can be attached to a void, to the search for a foundation that cannot be justified. But even if one may and should argue about the thesis of the book, it proves to be above all a stimulating study and an important contribution to the understanding of the political.
Agricultural field margins provide food and nesting resources to bumble bees (Bombus spp., Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Southwestern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Purvis Emily E.N. , Meehan Matthew L. , Lindo Zoë 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Bumble bees are declining globally, largely due to habitat loss driven by agricultural intensification. Within agriculturally dominated landscapes, semi‐natural habitats (e.g. meadows, wetland edges) are fragmented, increasing the value of uncropped agricultural field margins for providing a source of food, nesting, and hibernation resources to bumble bees.
We compared bumble bee communities sampled in agricultural field margins and semi‐natural habitats across Southwestern Ontario, Canada in order to assess differences in habitat quality. We then examined the effect of floral resources and soil characteristics on the bumble bee communities present in each site, independent of the habitat type classification.
Our data revealed that bumble bee abundance, diversity, and community composition did not differ between habitat types. However, when examined independently of habitat type, bumble bee abundance and diversity increased with floral abundance, floral diversity, the number of rodent holes, and sandy soil texture.
These results suggest that agricultural field margins are not inherently degraded bumble bee habitat and have the potential to provide food and nesting resources comparable to semi‐natural habitats in a fragmented agricultural landscape. Ensuring field margins contain the necessary floral resources and soil characteristics for bumble bees has implications for conservation and mitigating habitat loss caused by the agricultural fields themselves.
Effects of metal phases on microstructure and mechanical properties of microwave‐sintered Ti(C, N)‐based cermet tool
Authors: Ye Jiadong , Yin Zengbin , Yuan Juntang , Li Zhiyuan , Zhu Zhiyong , Hong Dongbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA kind of Ti(C, N)‐based cermet tool material was prepared by microwave sintering. The influence of metal phases (Ni, Co, and Mo) on densification and mechanical properties was studied by orthogonal test. The results indicated that Co was more significant in improving relative density and fracture toughness than Ni, while Ni and Co had the similar effects on increasing the hardness of Ti(C, N)‐based cermet. Mo can improve fracture toughness but decrease hardness. Ti(C, N)‐based cermet with 6 wt% Ni, 6 wt% Co and 6 wt% Mo (TN6C6M6) had the optimal comprehensive mechanical performances, and its fracture toughness and hardness were better than that of Ti(C, N)‐based cermet prepared by conventional sintering. The increasing of sintering temperature promoted the uniformity of microstructure and significantly improved densification and hardness of the Ti(C, N)‐based cermet. The highest fracture toughness of TN6C6M6 (12.41 ± 0.33 MPa·m1/2) was achieved when sintered at 1600°C. For the microwave‐sintered Ti(C, N)‐based cermet, heat preservation period had little effect on densification. The relative density can reach up to 98.6% even though the heat preservation period was 0 minute.
Onchocerciasis (river blindness): larva‐induced eczema (onchodermatitis) from an important oculocutaneous tropical disease spilling over into North America and Europe
Authors: Schwartz Robert A. , Al‐Qubati Yasin , Zieleniewski Łukasz , Shah Radhika , Kapila Rajendra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOnchocerciasis is a leading cause of blindness in the world. It may be seen in temperate climates of the United States and Europe in immigrants and travelers from endemic regions, often linked to poverty and war. One should be aware of an incubation period that can be up to 15 months. In its early stage and throughout its course, onchocerciasis has noteworthy skin findings, facilitating diagnosis, as onchodermatitis resembles common eczema with variable degrees of papular, lichenoid, atrophic, and pigmentary alterations, features not suggestive if one is unaware of an individual's immigration and travel history. The same concept applies for the encysted worms (onchocercomas), as they tend to appear as common skin cysts and benign neoplasms. New methods can be employed to increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Ivermectin is the gold standard of therapy, the use of which has almost miraculously eliminated this disease from large areas of the earth. However, its effect remains isolated to microfilariae and can be devastating in those coinfected with Loa loa. Recently, the symbiotic relationship between adult worms and Wolbachia bacteria has been discovered and, with it, the possibility of adding doxycycline as a treatment option. We also discuss coinfection with HIV and other diseases.
Semi‐automated von Willebrand factor multimer assay for von Willebrand disease: Further validation, benefits and limitations
Authors: Oliver Susan , Vanniasinkam Thiru , Mohammed Soma , Vong Ronny , Favaloro Emmanuel J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionAccurate diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD) enables effective patient management. von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimer analysis provides useful information regarding VWF multimer structure, thereby aiding VWD subtyping and management; however, historically technically challenging assays have had limited utility. This study evaluates the Sebia Hydrasys Hydragel‐11 semi‐automated VWF multimer assay and further validates the Hydragel‐5 gel system, as primarily pertaining to VWD diagnostics and monitoring of therapy.MethodsProvisionally diagnosed (via a reference assay test panel) archived patient samples and prospective test patient samples, including those undergoing desmopressin trial or therapy monitoring, along with commercial and in‐house control material and various external quality assessment (EQA) samples, were analysed. VWF multimers were evaluated for presence, loss or partial loss of high molecular weight (HMWM) and intermediate molecular weight (IMWM) multimers by both visual inspection and densitometric scanning, and comparison with reference assay results.ResultsAll anticipated multimer patterns were reproduced, with patients generally showing multimer profiles matching expected patterns according to VWD type based on reference test panel ‘diagnosis’. Occasional discrepancies were resolved by retesting. The increase in plasma VWF following desmopressin therapy was also clearly demonstrated. Multimer profiles of EQA samples complemented reference test panel results and matched EQA targets. There were some ‘technical’ limitations noted.ConclusionThis easy to use, standardised, semi‐automated multimer analysis system can demonstrate the multimer profile of VWD patients, thus representing an additional laboratory tool for improved diagnosis, thereby facilitating appropriate patient management.
Intraoperative hypotension caused by oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic diagnosis in patients with bladder cancer
Authors: Nohara Takahiro , Kato Yuki , Nakano Taito , Nakagawa Tomomi , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Nakashima Kazufumi , Iijima Masashi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze perioperative blood pressure in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor with photodynamic diagnosis.MethodsA total of 109 consecutive patients who underwent photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor at Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, were included in this study and considered as the photodynamic diagnosis group. Clinical data were collected, and perioperative systolic bladder pressure and vasopressor usage were analyzed. In contrast, consecutive patients who previously underwent conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (without the use of oral 5‐aminolevulinic acid) were used as the control group.ResultsThe systolic blood pressure before anesthesia, lowest systolic blood pressure from the anesthesia induction to the start of operation and lowest systolic blood pressure during operation were significantly lower in the photodynamic diagnosis group. The rate of vasopressor use was significantly higher in the photodynamic diagnosis group. On multivariate analysis, we found that general anesthesia and regular use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitor were associated with an increased risk of hypotension (lowest systolic blood pressure from the anesthesia induction to the start of operation <80 mmHg).ConclusionsOral intake of 5‐aminolevulinic acid can obviously cause a drop in intraoperative blood pressure in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Therefore, urologists and anesthesiologists should consider withdrawal of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and monitor the blood pressure during photodynamic diagnosis‐assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with use of aromatase inhibitors
Authors: Woodford Rachel G. , Becker Gerrie J. , Jain Ankit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLeukocytoclastic vasculitis is an uncommon but important complication of aromatase inhibitor use which may have cosmetic and systemic ramifications. We present a case in which this reaction was observed and aim to compare the characteristics of patients and trajectory of disease in order to assist with early identification and treatment.
Recommendations for current and future countermeasures against sleep disorders and sleep loss to improve road safety in Australia
Authors: Wolkow Alexander P. , Rajaratnam Shantha M. W. , Anderson Clare , Howard Mark E. , Mansfield Darren 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Australian National Road Safety Strategy 2011–2020 framed a 19‐point action plan targeting a 30% reduction in road deaths by 2020. In achieving a 9% reduction to date, it is likely to fail this target. Sleep disorders and sleep loss did not feature prominently in this strategy, despite their high prevalence and effect on drowsiness and crashes. This article gathers sleep experts to provide recommendations addressing driver education and legislation to assist the response to this public health problem. Developments in drowsiness detection and sleep disorders management are also presented that offer innovative countermeasures that could enhance road safety beyond 2020.
Suggested clinical approach for the diagnosis and management of ‘statin intolerance’ with an emphasis on muscle‐related side‐effects
Authors: Sivashanmugarajah Anosh , Fulcher Jordan , Sullivan David , Elam Marshall , Jenkins Alicia , Keech Anthony 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme‐A reductase inhibitors (‘statins’) are first‐line therapies for hyperlipidaemia. For each 1.0 mmoL/L reduction in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, statins reduce the risk of major vascular events by 21% and all‐cause mortality by 9%. Owing to their clinical effectiveness and excellent safety profile, many Australians are prescribed statins. There has been widespread reporting of possible side‐effects, particularly muscle pains. Conversely, statin cessation relating to possible side‐effects exposes patients to increased risk of vascular events and death. Although there is clinical consensus for diagnosing rare side‐effects (e.g. myopathy or rhabdomyolysis), confirming that statins cause other less common side‐effects (e.g. memory impairment) is difficult as strong randomised trial evidence related to statins and non‐muscle‐related side‐effects is lacking. A stepwise approach to possible statin intolerance, consistent definitions and a simple flowchart may improve diagnosis and management. An increasing array of potential treatments is emerging, including intermittent statin dosing, new LDL‐lowering drugs, LDL apheresis and supplements. Optimal statin use and management of statin intolerance should improve cardiovascular care and clinical outcomes.
Intestinal epithelial cells: at the interface of the microbiota and mucosal immunity
Authors: Soderholm Amelia T. , Pedicord Virginia A. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThe intestinal epithelium forms a barrier between the microbiota and the rest of the body. In addition, beyond acting as a physical barrier, the function of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in sensing and responding to microbial signals is increasingly appreciated and likely has numerous implications for the vast network of immune cells within and below the intestinal epithelium. IECs also respond to factors produced by immune cells, and these can regulate IEC barrier function, proliferation and differentiation, as well as influence the composition of the microbiota. The mechanisms involved in IEC–microbe–immune interactions, however, are not fully characterized. In this review, we explore the ability of IECs to direct intestinal homeostasis by orchestrating communication between intestinal microbes and mucosal innate and adaptive immune cells during physiological and inflammatory conditions. We focus primarily on the most recent findings and call attention to the numerous remaining unknowns regarding the complex crosstalk between IECs, the microbiota and intestinal immune cells.
Commitment decisions with demand information updating and a capital‐constrained supplier
Authors: Zhai Youzi , Xue Weili , Ma Lijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study a single two‐echelon supply chain with a capital‐constrained supplier (manufacturer) and a retailer. The supply chain faces a stochastic demand. As the production lead time is long, the market demand is updated during the supplier's production lead time. The supplier needs to determine the production quantity based on the original demand forecast, and the retailer needs to determine the time and quantity to order. The retailer can place an order before the supplier's production (preorder) or after the supplier's production (regular order). We prove the existence of optimal equilibrium solutions under both preorder and regular order strategies. We analytically investigate the order strategies for the supply chain agents under perfect and worthless market information updating. Moreover, we numerically analyze the impact of the information updating quality on the order strategy selection, and the effect of exogenous shocks on the supply chain agents.
A RELIABLE CLINICAL TECHNIQUE FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE EXPERIENCED REALITY AND UNREALITY QUALITIES CONNECTED WITH EVERYDAY LIFE EXPERIENCES IN PSYCHOTIC AND NON‐PSYCHOTIC PERSONS
Authors: Aggernæs A. , Haugsted R. , Myschetzky A. , Paikin H. , Vitger J. 
Published: September 2019

Eight different pairs of positive and negative qualities of experienced reality are defined. It is described in detail how these qualities can be recorded in relation to specified varieties of experience: a) sensory perceptions, b) fantasies, and c) “thinking of actually existing objects or properties in persons.”In a study of 15 non‐psychotic patients it was found with a very high reliability that the three varieties of experience each had their characteristic constellation of positive and negative values of the eight qualities of reality.It is pointed out that knowledge of such normal constellations is a logical prerequisite for being able to classify other varieties of experience (hallucinations, delusions, and others) as being pathological.
Competition model for international comparisons of livestock
Authors: Schaeffer Larry R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInterbull has been responsible for comparing dairy bulls across countries since the mid‐1980s. The current methodology is called MACE (multiple across country evaluations) which has been in use since 1995. Now that genomic data are being utilized in many countries, this has led to two serious problems. The first is that of preselection of young bulls such that the young animals are no longer a random sample of progeny from a sire by dam mating pair. Secondly, some countries are becoming less willing to share genomic data with Interbull. Both issues raise concern over the future of Interbull and international comparisons. This paper suggests a competition model as a potential replacement for MACE. The competition model makes pairwise comparisons between all pairs of bulls within a country and combines these differences across countries through bulls that are used in more than one country. Pedigree information is ignored as are all genomic data because bulls are treated as fixed. The model produces one international ranking of bulls averaging out any genotype by environment interactions which may exist. The competition model is illustrated by a small example. The limitations and advantages of the competition model are discussed.
Minimal defibrillation thresholds and the correlation with implant position in subcutaneous implantable‐defibrillator patients
Authors: Quast Anne‐Floor B.E. , Baalman Sarah W.E. , Van der Stuijt Willeke , Wilde Arthur A.M. , Knops Reinoud E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince the introduction of the subcutaneous implantable‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) knowledge of factors elevating the defibrillation threshold (DFT), have increased. Optimal device positioning most likely results in a decrease in DFT. The PRAETORIAN score is a tool to systematically evaluate S‐ICD implant position and predict conversion success by estimating the DFT on a chest X‐ray. The objective of this study is to determine DFT in de novo S‐ICD patients.MethodsDe novo S‐ICD patients were enrolled with DFT testing using a single 30 J shock or a prespecified step‐down protocol. Chest X‐rays were obtained and implant position was evaluated using the PRAETORIAN score.ResultsFifteen patients, age 47 (±18) years and body mass index (BMI) 25(±3) kg/m2, underwent conversion testing with a single 30 J shock. Fourteen patients (93%) converted successfully. Implant position was optimal in all patients, PRAETORIAN score of 30 (100%). Twelve patients were available for analysis in the step‐down DFT cohort, age 46 years (±15), left ventricular ejection fraction 50% (±15%) and a median BMI of 25.7 kg/m2 (range 23.8‐29.1 kg/m2). No complications occurred during DFT testing. Mean DFT was 29 J (±12 J). Time to shock was 11 seconds (±2 seconds) for a 20 J shock compared with 17 seconds in case of a 70 J shock output. Nearly all patients were implanted with optimal device positioning with the lowest possible PRAETORIAN score of 30 (92%).ConclusionDFT in S‐ICD patients with optimal device positioning is lower than previously reported. Conversion testing using a low shock output reduced time to therapy by 6 seconds on average.