bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The typification of Zamia erosa and the priority of that name over Z. amblyphyllidia
Authors: Calonje Michael , Meerow Alan W. , Stevenson Dennis W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe lectotype designation of Zamia erosa O.F. Cook & G.N. Collins by Eckenwalder (1980) is corrected to a neotype as it does not constitute original material on which Cook & Collins based their description. The neotype designation is itself superseded, as the specimen selected by Eckenwalder is in serious conflict with the protologue, a conclusion based on over–looked descriptive and geographic information in the protologue, and new collections recently made near the type locality. A new neotype is designated. We have further determined that Z. erosa is an earlier validly published name for the species currently known as Zamia amblyphyllidia D.W. Stev.
Ribosomal RNA genes evolution in Tragopogon: A story of New and Old World allotetraploids and the synthetic lines
Authors: Malinska Hana , Tate Jennifer A. , Mavrodiev Evgeny , Matyasek Roman , Lim K. Yoong , Leitch Andrew R. , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Kovarik Ales 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTragopogon mirus Ownbey and Tragopogon miscellus Ownbey are recent allotetraploids that have formed recurrently within the last 80 years, following the introduction of the diploids T. dubius Scop., T. pratensis L. and T. porrifolius L. from Europe to North America. In some areas, the progenitor diploids still occur along with expanding populations of the allotetraploids, and the polyploids at those locations likely represent descendents of the nearby diploids. In most natural populations of T. mirus and T. miscellus, there are far fewer rDNA units of the common parent (T. dubius) than there are of the other diploid parent and in some rarely occurring individuals, one parental locus was >90% deleted. Nevertheless, in contrast to several ancient Old World allotetraploids, gene copies from both parents are readily detected by molecular methods in both T. mirus and T. miscellus. In one population of T. mirus and herbarium specimens collected at the time of species origin the gene ratios were balanced. Several lineages of T. mirus and T. miscellus were recently successfully resynthesized from diploid species. Among 181 synthetic individuals analyzed, we observed frequent deviations from copy‐number additivity; that is in most cases, the T. dubius homeologs were reduced in copy number. At the epigenetic level, the genes of T. dubius origin dominate expression in most natural and synthetic allopolyploids. The fact that some rDNA genotypes seen in 80‐year‐old allopolyploids are already evident in the first generation of synthetic lines supports the hypothesis that the extent and tempo of rDNA homogenization in older allopolyploids is largely influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes in the early generations. Thus, T. mirus and T. miscellus that formed repeatedly in the wild within the last century represent a unique system to study the early stages of genome evolution following interspecific hybridization and genome duplication. This review summarizes recent works on the rDNA chromosomal organization, repeat and loci inheritance and gene expression.
The evolution and biogeography of alpine species in Ranunculus (Ranunculaceae): A global comparison
Authors: Hörandl Elvira , Emadzade Khatere 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe origin and evolution of alpine floras potentially can be shaped by immigration via long‐distance dispersal or migration over mountain chains. Alternatively, origins of alpine species may be referred to regional speciation via origins from lowland ancestors and adaptation to high altitudes. Moreover, evolutionary histories of alpine species have also been influenced by Quaternary glaciations. Range fluctuations due to climatic oscillations have caused vicariant speciation and secondary con‐ tact hybridization. However, comparative phylogenetic studies on alpine floras from mountain systems of different continents are scarce. Here we review the phylogenetic relationships of alpine species of Ranunculus, an almost cosmopolitan genus with alpine representatives in all major mountain systems of the world. Based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of 245 alpine and lowland species (based on a combined dataset of ITS, matK, trnK and psbJ‐petA sequences), we try to elucidate origins of alpine buttercups. Results suggest that most major mountain systems (European Alpine System, Irano‐Turanian mountains, Himalayas, Central Asian mountains, African mountains, and Andes) have been colonized multiple times independently; only the North American alpine species fall all into one clade. In the European and Irano‐Turanian mountains, recruitment of alpine species from lower altitudes of the same area, and migration within the Tethyan area might have played a major role. The alpine species of the Himalayas, the Central Asian mountains, the North American alpine species and the Arctic species fall into another, distinct clade, which may suggest a northern migration route. The North American alpine clade comprises many lowland species and might have diversified via adaptive radiation. In contrast, the Himalayan species have no lowland source flora and might have originated from immigrants of the Central Asian mountains. Tropical alpine Ranunculi in the mountains of Eastern Africa and in Taiwan have originated after long‐distance dispersal from other continents. The origin of the New Zealand alpines could have been referred to long‐distance dispersal, probably following southern migration routes via the Antarctic and South America. The Andes have been colonized multiple times by related genera of Ranunculus. We conclude that autochthonous origins and regional diversification of buttercups play a major role in northern hemispheric mountain systems, where alpine species could have evolved from rich lowland source floras. In subtropical to tropical mountain systems, and in the Southern Hemisphere, alpine species have been rather recruited via immigration, including long‐distance dispersal from other continents. A high adaptive potential of Ranunculus to alpine habitats might have helped to evolve alpine species all over the world.
Systematics of the Arctioid group: Disentangling Arctium and Cousinia (Cardueae, Carduinae)
Authors: López-Vinyallonga Sara , Romaschenko Kostyantyn , Susanna Alfonso , Garcia-Jacas Núria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe investigated the phylogeny of the Arctioid lineage of the Arctium‐Cousinia complex in an attempt to clarify the conflictive generic boundaries of Arctium and Cousinia. The study was based on analyses of one nuclear (ITS) and two chloroplastic (trnL‐trnT‐rps4, rpl32‐trnL) DNA regions of 37 species and was complemented with morphological evidence where possible. Based on the results, a broadly redefined monophyletic genus Arctium is proposed. The subgenera Hypacanthodes and Cynaroides are not monophyletic and are suppressed. In contrast, the traditional sectional classification of the genus Cousinia is maintained. The genera Anura, Hypacanthium and Schmalhausenia are reduced to sectional level.
A nomenclatural treatment for Logfia Cass. and Filago L. (Asteraceae) as newly circumscribed: Typification of several names
Authors: Andrés-Sánchez Santiago , Galbany-Casals Mercè , Rico Enrique , Martínez-Ortega Montserrat M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA complete nomenclatural treatment of the genera Filago L. and Logfia Cass. is provided, as well as a list of the species included in each genus and subgenus, as they have been newly circumscribed. Nomenclatural types for eleven validly published species names are designated, which correspond to (1) the types of names of widely used and long‐established gen‐ era or subgenera, (2) the names of species that have been chosen as types of the names of newly described or newly delimited subgenera, or (3) recently proposed new combinations at the specific level. In total, one subgeneric name is typified and eleven lectotypes, five epitypes and one neotype are chosen. Among those, a previous attempted typification of F. pygmaea L. is shown to be inadmissible and a new lectotype is chosen and an epitype is selected to support interpretation of a previously designated lectotype. The need to conserve the name F. vulgaris to preserve current usage is documented.
Notes on the typification of Beilschmiedia xizangensis (Lauraceae)
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhang Xue-Wei , Wiersema John H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractErrors in the type citation of Beilschmiedia xizangensis H. P. Tsui are discussed. As originally intended, the holotype collection should be Cheng Shu-zhi & Li Bo-sheng 4694 (PE), not Cheng Shu-zhi & Li Bo-sheng 4649 (PE) or Department of Ecology, Section of Plateau 11052 (PE). The name thus applies to a species of Beilschmiedia distinct from B. robusta.
Atlas Florae Europaeaenotes 17: Typification ofCotoneastertomentosus(Rosaceae) and its synonyms
Authors: Sennikov Alexander N. , Somlyay Lajos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe nameCotoneaster tomentosusand its basionymMespilus tomentosaare shown to be illegitimate because when published both included the earlier legitimate name,M. orientalis. The original circumscription ofM. coccineawas based mostly on the material ofC.tomentosuswith misadditions ofC.nigerandC.integerrimuss. l. Fruit characters of the latter taxon pro vided the species epithet. The previous intended lectotypes ofM.orientalisandM.coccineaare superseded because they were selected from non‐original material; the new lectotypes are designated here. The history of Pál Kitaibel's material ofCotoneasteris traced, and its identity is established.Cotoneaster coccineusis the earliest name available for the red‐fruited cotoneaster with hairy hypanthia native in Europe and would have to be adopted ifM.tomentosais not conserved againstM.orientalis.
Mid‐Miocene divergence of Ionopsidium and Cochlearia and its impact on the systematics and biogeography of the tribe Cochlearieae (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Koch Marcus A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTribe Cochlearieae is among few isolated evolutionary lineages in the mustard family and comprises only about 30 species. Earlier taxonomic concepts recognised five genera that might belong with Cochlearia in this tribe (Bivonaea, Ionopsidium, Minaea, Pastorea, Thlaspi), though Pastorea and Minaea have already been reduced to synonymy of Ionopsidium. Focusing on DNA sequence information from the nuclear‐encoded internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2 and the plastid trnL‐F region, the phylogenetic position of all Ionopsidium species is evaluated within a detailed phylogenetic framework of tribe Cochlearieae. It is shown that the tribe can be divided into two major groups: (i) a central European Cochlearia clade extending its distribution far into northern and arctic regions, and (ii) a western Mediterranean clade comprising all six Ionopsidium species and three Cochlearia species from the Iberian Peninsula nested within Ionopsidium. Consequently, neither Cochlearia nor Ionopsidium represent monophyletic genera. The deep split between the two clades dates back to the middle Miocene, approximately 13.8 million years ago. The divergence times between the different major groups within the Ionopsidium clades predate or are associated with the Messinian salinity crisis in the late Miocene which also agrees with the relictual and phylogenetically isolated status of the tribe. Only taxa of Cochlearia sect. Cochlearia (Cochlearia clade) underwent a rapid and very recent radiation in the mid or late Pleistocene. Four new taxonomic combinations (Ionopsidium aragonensis (H.J. Coste & Soulié) M. Koch, I. aragonensis subsp. navarranum (P. Monts.) M. Koch, I. glastifolium (L.) M. Koch, and I. megalospermum (Maire) M. Koch) and the new tribe Bivonaeeae are proposed to reflect the deep evolutionary split within the group, which is further supported by DNA sequence variation of the nuclear‐encoded, single‐copy gene chalcone synthase (chs).
Phylogenetic inference of New Caledonian lineages of Sapindaceae: Molecular evidence requires a reassessment of generic circumscriptions
Authors: Buerki Sven , Forest Félix , Callmander Martin W. , Lowry II Porter P. , Devey Dion S. , Munzinger Jérôme 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSapindaceae (Sapindales) are a conspicuous and diversified element of the New Caledonian flora, with ca. 67 species (ca. 90 % endemic) in 13 genera (four endemic: Gongrodiscus, Loxodiscus, Podonephelium, Storthocalyx). The phylogeny of New Caledonian Sapindaceae is inferred by adding 97 new samples, encompassing the full distributional and morphological range of the archipelago's genera, to a broad plastid and nuclear DNA sequence dataset that is representative of the family worldwide. Results from phylogenetic analyses indicate that members of the family on New Caledonia belong to two major clades, the Dodonaea group (placed within subfamily Dodonaeoideae) and the Cupania group (subfamily Sapindoideae), which exhibit strikingly different species diversities (ca. 89% of the species on New Caledonia belong to the Cupania group). Results support the monophyly of all four endemic genera and most of those that also occur elsewhere, with the exception of the morphologically similar Austro‐Pacific genera Arytera and Cupaniopsis, both of which have representatives in each of two well‐supported subclades within the Cupania group, suggesting at least two dispersals to New Caledonia (most likely from Australia). The results provide a robust phylogenetic framework for ongoing taxonomic revisions of Sapindaceae genera on New Caledonia and for investigating the spatio‐temporal history of the family in this biogeographically intriguing archipelago, although expanded sampling (including from other areas) and further analyses will be required to resolve generic limits among the taxa currently placed in Arytera and Cupaniopsis.
Phylogenetics of the Chiliotrichum group (Compositae: Astereae): The story of the fascinating radiation in the paleate Astereae genera from southern South America
Authors: Bonifacino José M. , Funk Vicki A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Chiliotrichum group (Compositae: Astereae) is an informal taxonomic group consisting of shrubby daisies that grow mainly in the Andean and Patagonian regions of South America; it is composed of 31 species in 11 genera: Aylacophora, Cabreraea, Chiliotrichiopsis, Chiliophyllum, Chiliotrichum, Haroldia, Katinasia, Lepidophyllum, Llerasia, Nardophyllum, and Ocyroe. We analyzed phylogenetic relationships in the Chiliotrichum group using five DNA regions from two plant genomes: the plastid trnL‐trnF and rpl32‐trnL(UAG) spacers, the rpl16 intron, and the nuclear ribosomal internal and external transcribed spacers, ITS and ETS respectively. The dataset includes 21 ingroup species representing all the genera, and 10 outgroup species belonging to six genera. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses performed on the chloroplast and nuclear data support the monophyly of the group. The four major clades recovered on the basis of the combined nuclear evidence (ITS+ETS) are: (1) Llerasia clade, (2) Nardophyllum clade, (3) Chiliotrichum clade, and (4) a clade formed by Nardophyllum+Llerasia clades. As regards the status of the four non‐monospecific genera, Chiliotrichum (2 spp.) and Llerasia (14 spp.) were recovered as monophyletic, whereas the other two, Nardophyllum (5 spp.) and Chiliotrichiopsis (3 spp.), were not recovered as monophyletic. These two are nonetheless recognized as distinct genera because of robust morphological support despite the lack of resolution in the phylogeny based solely on sequence data. The rest of the genera composing the group are monospecific, and they are scattered among the major clades in the group. The only genus with no clear position is Haroldia. An analysis of the morphological data shows that the presence of paleae, believed to function as a defensive structure for the protection of the achenes, is well correlated with other derived head and floret traits such as the number of florets per head and the type of pappus.
Phylogeny, biogeography, and chromosome evolution of the amphitropical genus Grindelia (Asteraceae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast sequence data
Authors: Moore Abigail J. , Bartoli Adriana , Tortosa Roberto D. , Baldwin Bruce G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGrindelia is among the most taxonomically challenging groups of North American composites. The genus as a whole has an amphitropical distribution, with approximately half of the species native to North America and Mexico and the remainder native to South America. We used DNA sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS and chloroplast psaI‐accD regions to revisit hypotheses on biogeographic history across the genus. Grindelia as a whole is well‐supported and is composed of two sister clades, one native to South America and the other native to North America including Mexico. The North American taxa constitute two clades that largely occur on different sides of the Continental Divide. The diverse radiation of Grindelia in the California Floristic Province appears to be most closely related to species from the Great Basin and Colorado Plateau and evidently descended from drought‐adapted ancestors. Although Steyermark's hypotheses about the relationships of North American Grindelia are not all supported, we did recover a clade corresponding to his Pacific radiation and many of the Mexican and Texan species that he hypothesized to be basal in the genus represent early diverging lineages in our trees. Dunford's cytogenetic data on the North American species of Grindelia were also examined in a phylogenetic context.
Phylogeny of the Dorotheantheae (Aizoaceae), a tribe of succulent annuals
Authors: Klak Cornelia , Bruyns Peter V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDorotheantheae (Aizoaceae) is a small tribe of succulent annual herbs with flat leaves belonging to the generaAethephyllum, Cleretum and Dorotheanthus, which are endemic to the winter–rainfall region of South Africa. Several species are well–known for their conspicuous and striking flowers but others possess very inconspicuous flowers. Analysis of molecular data from combined plastid and nuclear sequences shows that Dorotheanthus is monophyletic while Cleretum is diphyletic, since the two species of Cleretum with lyrate leaves are most closely related to the vegetatively similar, monotypic Aethephyl–lum. In the absence of clear, diagnostic characteristics for separating Cleretum and Dorotheanthus, a revised classification for the Dorotheantheae is proposed in which the tribe consists of a single genus, Cleretum. Within Cleretum, we recognize 14 species, by raising/re–instating two subspecies to species rank and including two that are still undescribed. The major clades occupy distinct climatic and edaphic niches. Repeated shifting from large to small flowers may indicate changes in the breeding system. Since succulence in annuals is rare in the winter–rainfall region of southern Africa, we compare patterns of distribution between Dorotheantheae and the other leaf–succulent annuals in the region, namely in Mesembryanthemum (Aizoaceae) and in Crassula (Crassulaceae). We find that similar to the non–succulent annuals of the Poaceae and the Brassicaceae in this region, the annual species of Mesembryanthemum show a preference for arid areas. In contrast, in Dorotheantheae and in Crassula the hot–spots of diversity lie mainly in the wetter parts of the winter–rainfall area, with a decrease in the number of annual species northwards to the arid, winter–rainfall areas of the Richtersveld and the southern Namib.
Phylogenetic relationships in the species–rich Irano–Turanian genus Alcea (Malvaceae)
Authors: Escobar García Pedro , Pakravan Maneezheh , Schönswetter Peter , Aguilar Javier Fuertes , Schneeweiss Gerald M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Alcea (Malvaceae) includes approximately 50 species of mainly Irano–Turanian distribution and is considered one of the most challenging genera of the Middle East, due to its uniformity and pronounced plasticity in morphological traits. Here, using three molecular markers (nrDNA ITS and the plastid spacers psbA–trnH and trnL–trnF), we present a phylogeny of Alcea and test previous infrageneric taxonomic hypotheses as well as its monophyly with respect to Althaea, a genus with which it has often been merged. We additionally discuss morphological variation and the utility of morphological characters as predictors of phylogenetic relationships. Our results show that while molecular data unambiguously support the circumscription of Alcea inferred from morphology, they prove to be of limited utility in resolving interspecific relationships, suggesting that Alcea,s high species diversity is due to rapid and recent radiation. Our work provides the first phylogeny of Alcea and aims to set the scene for the study of processes underlying species radiation in the Irano–Turanian region, a main centre of species diversity for many medium–sized to large genera that remains greatly understudied.
Phylogeny of Lundia (Bignoniaceae) based on ndhF and PepC sequences
Authors: Kaehler Miriam , Michelangeli Fabián A. , Lohmann Lúcia G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe circumscription of genera belonging to tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) has traditionally been complex, with only a few genera having stable circumscriptions in the various classification systems proposed for the tribe. The genus Lundia, for instance, is well characterized by a series of morphological synapomorphies and its circumscription has remained quite stable throughout its history. Despite the stable circumscription of Lundia, the circumscription of species within the genus has remained problematic. This study aims to reconstruct the phylogeny of Lundia in order to refine species circumscriptions, gain a better understanding of relationships between taxa, and identify potential morphological synapomorphies for species and major clades. We sampled 26 accessions representing 13 species of Lundia, and 5 outgroups, and reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus using a chloroplast (ndhF) and a nuclear marker (PepC). Data derived from sequences of the individual loci were analyzed using parsimony and Bayesian inference, and the combined molecular dataset was analyzed with Bayesian methods. The monophyly of Lundia nitidula, a species with a particularly complex circumscription, was tested using Shimodaira–Hasegawa (SH) test and the approximately unbiased test for phylogenetic tree selection (AU test). In addition, 40 morphological characters were mapped onto the tree that resulted from the analysis of the combined molecular dataset in order to identify morphological synapomorphies of individual species and major clades. Lundia and most species currently recognized within the genus were strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. One species, Lundia nitidula, was not resolved as monophyletic, but the monophyly of this species was not rejected by the AU and SH tests. Lundia sect. Eriolundia is resolved as paraphyletic in all analyses, while Lundia sect. Eulundia is monophyletic and supported by the same morphological characters traditionally used to circumscribe this section. The phylogeny of Lundia contributed important information for a better circumscription of species and served as basis the taxonomic revision of the genus.