bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incompatible trace element geochemistry of the anorthositic achondrite Northwest Africa (NWA) 15118: Relation to diogenites and the Vestan magma ocean
Authors: Sheen A. I. , Tait K. T. , Di Cecco V. E. , Joy B. R. , Bray C. J. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPetrogenetic models for the howardite–eucrite–diogenite (HED) clan of achondrites have been challenged by the lack of substantial plagioclase in the HED record, which is at odds with the chemical composition of diogenites. Northwest Africa (NWA) 15118, an anorthositic achondrite, displays strong isotopic affinities with HEDs and has been proposed as a lunar‐style primary flotation crust of the Vestan magma ocean. Nevertheless, a geochemical link with known HEDs, particularly diogenites, remains to be demonstrated. We present major, minor, and trace element data for plagioclase and orthopyroxene in NWA 15118. Despite textural evidence for post‐crystallization shock and thermal metamorphism, transect major and minor element data reveal that igneous crystallization trends are preserved. Normalized trace element data reveal depletion in Ti, Nb, Hf, Zr in plagioclase and corresponding enrichment in orthopyroxene. Orthopyroxene in NWA 15118 does not plot on the Y versus Ti array formed by diogenite orthopyroxenes, which have a higher Ti/Y ratio. The calculated melt composition in equilibrium with NWA 15118 plagioclase has lower Ti/Y, Ti/Yb, and La/Sm ratios than melts in equilibrium with diogenite orthopyroxenes; differences in the melt compositions cannot be accounted for by the choice of partition coefficients or by single‐stage magmatic processes. Therefore, we argue that NWA 15118 and diogenites are not complementary cumulates that crystallized simultaneously from a global Vestan magma ocean. Furthermore, the modeled evolution curve of such a magma ocean does not produce the composition of NWA 15118 plagioclase equilibrium melts in Ti‐Y‐Yb space, indicating that NWA 15118 is unlikely to have been a primary flotation crust of a global magma ocean. Our findings suggest that the incompatible trace element composition of NWA 15118 likely reflects more complex, multistage magmatic processes and/or source heterogeneities than envisioned in geochemistry‐based HED petrogenetic models proposed to date.
The antisense CircRNA VvcircABH controls salt tolerance and the brassinosteroid signaling response by suppressing cognate mRNA splicing in grape
Authors: Gao Zhen , Su Yifan , Wang Yaru , Li Yeqi , Wu Yue , Sun Xinru , Yao Yuxin , Ma Chao , Li Jing , Du Yuanpeng 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Soil salinization is a major factor limiting the sustainable development of the grape industry. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are more stable than linear mRNAs and are involved in stress responses. However, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying antisense circRNAs in plants remain unclear.

We identified the antisense circRNA VvcircABH through high‐throughput sequencing. Using genetic transformation methods and molecular biological techniques, we analyzed the effects of VvcircABH on the response to salt stress and the mechanisms underlying its effects.

VvcircABH was located in the nucleus and upregulated by salt stress, while the expression level of its cognate gene VvABH (alpha/beta‐hydrolase) was downregulated. VvcircABH overexpression or VvABH silencing greatly enhanced grape salt tolerance. VvcircABH could bind to the overlapping region and inhibits VvABH pre‐mRNA splicing, thereby decreasing the expression level of VvABH. Additionally, VvcircABH repressed the additive effect of VvABH on the interaction between VvBRI1 (brassinosteroid‐insensitive 1) and VvBKI1 (BRI1 kinase inhibitor 1), thus influencing the plant's response to BR, which plays important roles in plant salt tolerance.

We conclude that VvcircABH and VvABH play distinct roles in the salt tolerance and brassinosteroid signaling response, and VvcircABH could govern the expression of VvABH by inhibiting its splicing.
Decades‐old carbon reserves are widespread among tree species, constrained only by sapwood longevity
Authors: Peltier Drew M. P. , Carbone Mariah S. , Ogle Kiona , Koch George W. , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: December 2024

Summary

Carbon reserves are distributed throughout plant cells allowing past photosynthesis to fuel current metabolism. In trees, comparing the radiocarbon (Δ14C) of reserves to the atmospheric bomb spike can trace reserve ages.

We synthesized Δ14C observations of stem reserves in nine tree species, fitting a new process model of reserve building. We asked how the distribution, mixing, and turnover of reserves vary across trees and species. We also explored how stress (drought and aridity) and disturbance (fire and bark beetles) perturb reserves.

Given sufficient sapwood, young (< 1 yr) and old (20–60+ yr) reserves were simultaneously present in single trees, including ‘prebomb’ reserves in two conifers. The process model suggested that most reserves are deeply mixed (30.2 ± 21.7 rings) and then respired (2.7 ± 3.5‐yr turnover time). Disturbance strongly increased Δ14C mean ages of reserves (+15–35 yr), while drought and aridity effects on mixing and turnover were species‐dependent. Fire recovery in Sequoia sempervirens also appears to involve previously unobserved outward mixing of old reserves.

Deep mixing and rapid turnover indicate most photosynthate is rapidly metabolized. Yet ecological variation in reserve ages is enormous, perhaps driven by stress and disturbance. Across species, maximum reserve ages appear primarily constrained by sapwood longevity, and thus old reserves are probably widespread.
Transforming Healthcare in Low‐Resource Settings With Artificial Intelligence: Recent Developments and Outcomes
Authors: Dangi Ravi Rai , Sharma Anil , Vageriya Vipin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial intelligence now encompasses technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics, allowing machines to undertake complex tasks traditionally done by humans. AI's application in healthcare has led to advancements in diagnostic tools, predictive analytics, and surgical precision.AimThis comprehensive review aims to explore the transformative impact of AI across diverse healthcare domains, highlighting its applications, advancements, challenges, and contributions to enhancing patient care.MethodologyA comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. Keywords related to AI applications in healthcare were used to gather data, focusing on studies exploring AI's role in medical specialties.ResultsAI has demonstrated substantial benefits across various fields of medicine. In cardiology, it aids in automated image interpretation, risk prediction, and the management of cardiovascular diseases. In oncology, AI enhances cancer detection, treatment planning, and personalized drug selection. Radiology benefits from improved image analysis and diagnostic accuracy, while critical care sees advancements in patient triage and resource optimization. AI's integration into pediatrics, surgery, public health, neurology, pathology, and mental health has similarly shown significant improvements in diagnostic precision, personalized treatment, and overall patient care. The implementation of AI in low‐resource settings has been particularly impactful, enhancing access to advanced diagnostic tools and treatments.ConclusionAI is rapidly changing the healthcare industry by greatly increasing the accuracy of diagnoses, streamlining treatment plans, and improving patient outcomes across a variety of medical specializations. This review underscores AI's transformative potential, from early disease detection to personalized treatment plans, and its ability to augment healthcare delivery, particularly in resource‐limited settings.
Optimal Frequency of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting for Cardiometabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Crossover Trials
Authors: Yin Mingyue , Xu Kai , Deng Jianfeng , Deng Shengji , Chen Zhili , Zhang Boyi , Zhong Yuming , Li Hansen , Zhang Xing , Toledo Meynard John L. , Diaz Keith M. , Li Yongming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence highlights the efficacy of interruptions in prolonged sitting (i.e., activity/sedentary breaks) for improving cardiometabolic health, but precise conclusions and recommendations regarding the optimal interruption frequency remain poorly defined. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to directly compare the effect of different frequencies of interrupting prolonged sitting on cardiometabolic health and to determine potential moderators. Randomized crossover trials with at least two frequency interruptions compared to a prolonged sitting condition were identified via systematic review. We compared the acute effects of high‐frequency (≤ 30 min per bout, HF) versus low‐frequency (> 30 min per bout, LF) interruption protocols on various cardiometabolic health outcomes via three‐level meta‐analysis with pooled effects evaluated within a random‐effects model and exploration of potential sources of heterogeneity through subgroup analyses. The quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Thirteen studies with 211 participants (24–66 years, 41% female) were included. When comparing HF to LF condition, the HF had a significantly greater reduction in glucose (9 studies [n = 740]; Hedge's g = −0.30, 95% CI [−0.57, −0.03], p = 0.03; I2‐level 3 = 42%, PI [−1.01, 0.41]). However, there was no difference in insulin (4 studies [n = 304]; Hedge's g = −0.22, 95% CI [−0.73, 0.29], p = 0.35; I2‐level 3 = 52%, PI [−1.18, 0.74]), triglyceride (3 studies [n = 484]; Hedge's g = 0.11, 95% CI [−0.10, 0.30], p = 0.29; I2‐level 3 = 0%, PI [−0.10, 0.30]), blood pressure (5 studies [n = 352]; Hedge's g = −0.06, 95% CI [−0.41, 0.28], p = 0.69; I2‐level 3 = 35%, PI [−0.81, 0.62]), and superficial femoral flow‐mediated dilation (3 studies [n = 98]; Hedge's g = −0.42, 95% CI [−2.43, 1.60], p = 0.47; I2‐level 3 = 78%, PI [−4.09, 3.25]) between the two conditions. The quality of evidence was low GRADE for all outcomes. The present study suggests that a higher sedentary interruption frequency might be more efficacious than a lower frequency/higher duration protocol for reducing glucose levels. Based on these findings, interrupting sedentary time at least, every 30 min may be an ideal strategy to improve glucose control.
Severe community‐acquired pneumonia compared to severe community‐acquired Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in Reunion Island: A retrospective study
Authors: Rotini Giacomo , de Mangou Axel , Combe Agathe , Renou Amelie , Combe Chloe , Cally Radj , Lagrange‐Xelot Marie , Allou Nicolas , Miltgen Guillaume , Vidal Charles 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAcinetobacter baumannii (Ab) has emerged in the last decades as a cause of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in tropical and subtropical regions. We previously conducted the first investigation on this topic in France with a case series of severe CAP‐Ab in Reunion Island over an eight‐year period. In the present work, we aim to highlight the specific aspects of CAP‐Ab by comparing our case series with an historical cohort (PAC_RUN), obtained by retrospective chart review (2016–2021) of severe community‐acquired pneumonia cases on Reunion Island, in which CAP‐Ab was ruled out. During the study period, eight CAP‐Ab cases were identified, giving an incidence of 0.1 cases per 100,000 people/year, and an incidence of 16.5 cases per 100,000 people/year for non‐Ab‐related CAP (n = 761). By comparing with non‐Ab‐related CAP, patients had more excessive alcohol use (75% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.005) and lower body mass index (21 vs. 24 kg/m2, p = 0.004). Six cases (75%) of CAP‐Ab occurred during the rainy season (p = 0.06). Mortality was higher (62.5% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.02) and time to death was shorter (median 2 days vs. 7, p = 0.009) in the CAP‐Ab group. Bacteraemic pneumonia was strongly associated with CAP‐Ab (62.5% vs. 15.7%, p = 0.004). Significant differences were found in the need for renal replacement therapy (75% vs. 17.2%, p < 0.001), catecholamine use (100% vs. 54.5%, p = 0.01) and use of invasive mechanical ventilation (100% vs. 62.7%, p = 0.03). Also, in the proportion of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (62.5% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.02), septic shock (100% vs. 40.6%, p < 0.001), and cardiogenic shock (87.5% vs. 15.9%, p < 0.001). Compared to severe non‐Ab‐related CAP, severe CAP‐Ab is characterised by higher mortality, associated with a high frequency of multiple organ failure. Excessive alcohol consumption and malnutrition seem to be risk factors. To improve outcomes, broader spectrum antibiotic therapy must be immediately proposed when CAP‐Ab is suspected.
Kv4 channels improve the temporal processing of auditory neurons in the cochlear nucleus
Authors: Zhang Chuangeng , Wang Meijian , Zhang Tingting , Xie Ruili 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKv4 channels generate A‐type current known to regulate neuronal excitability. Its role in processing timing information is understudied, especially in the auditory system where temporal information is crucial for hearing. In the cochlear nucleus, principal bushy neurons are specialized for temporal processing with distinct biophysical properties owing to their expression of various voltage‐gated ion channels. Previous studies reported conflicting information regarding the expression and potential role of Kv4 channels in these neurons. We explored these questions using electrophysiology in CBA/CaJ mice of either sex. A‐type current was isolated from 88% of bushy neurons using Kv4 channel‐selective blocker Jingzhaotoxin‐X (JZ‐X), which increased the intrinsic excitability of bushy neurons without altering their synaptic input. During high‐rate activity, JZ‐X treatment significantly increased the spike jitter and reduced the firing threshold of bushy neurons. In old mice, A‐type current in bushy neurons reduced in magnitude but maintained current density, accompanied by decreased membrane surface area. In contrast, TEA‐sensitive Kv3 current reduced in both magnitude and current density, indicative of a greater contribution to the altered biophysical properties of bushy neurons during ageing. Our findings suggest that Kv4 channels play significant roles in regulating neuronal excitability and improving the temporal processing of bushy neurons. Such function is likely retained with age and is not the primary mechanism driving compromised temporal processing under age‐related hearing loss.
imageKey points
Most bushy neurons of the cochlear nucleus exhibit Kv4‐mediated A‐type current.
A‐type current regulates neuronal excitability of bushy neurons without contributing to the synaptic transmission at the endbulb of Held.
A‐type current increases the firing threshold and improves the temporal precision of spikes in bushy neurons during high‐rate activity.
A‐type current reduces peak amplitude in bushy neurons during ageing but maintains current density.
Decreased Kv3 current, rather than Kv4 current, likely play more significant roles in altering the biophysical properties of bushy neurons during ageing, contributing to compromised temporal processing during age‐related hearing loss.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Policies in Canadian Nonprofit Sport Organizations: A Management-by-Values Approach
Authors: Lachance Erik L. , Kerwin Shannon , MacCharles Jeffrey D. 
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to examine Canadian nonprofit sport organizations’ (NPSOs) diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) policies through a management-by-values approach. A sample of 757 Canadian national and provincial/territorial NPSOs was used. All NPSOs’ websites were consulted whereby documents were the sole data collection method (i.e., DEI-related publicly available policies and strategic plans to identify espoused values). Data were analyzed thematically according to the strategic plans and DEI policies collected from 69 NPSOs, with the remaining excluded (i.e., no DEI policy and/or espoused values). Results demonstrated that espoused values within the collected strategic plans are not represented in DEI policies. Most DEI policies remain largely intraorganizational and at an intuitive level, with few examples of inspirational-level management-by-values. With a push for values-based management in sport, the management-by-values approach suggests NPSOs’ DEI-related policies are managed intuitively, thereby only communicated internally and not strategically leveraged.
Genomic epidemiology and genetic characteristics of clinical
Campylobacter
species cocirculating in West Bengal, India, 2019, using whole genome analysis
Authors: Morita Daichi , Mukhopadhyay Asish Kumar , Chowdhury Goutam , Maruyama Fumito , Kanda Miyuki , Yamamoto Yuki , Tahara Hidetoshi , Mukherjee Piyali , Bardhan Mainak , Kumagai Takanori , Kitahara Kei , Miyoshi Shin-Ichi , Dutta Shanta , Kuroda Teruo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter
species are the most common pathogens responsible for foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. India is a region with frequent diarrheal infections and a high level of
Campylobacter
infection incidence, but the detailed genomic information is limited. This study aimed to characterize 112 isolates of
Campylobacter
from diarrhea patients at two hospitals in Kolkata, West Bengal, by whole genome analysis. The
Campylobacter
isolates consisted of 90
C
.
jejuni
, 20
C
.
coli
, and 2
C
.
lari
isolates. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that the largest sequence type (ST) populations were ST-2131 in
C. jejuni
and ST-830 in
C. coli
and seven novel STs were found in
C. jejuni
and one in
C. coli
. Notably, ST-2131, which is rarely seen elsewhere, was positive for a sialylated LOS-related gene (
wlaN +neuA + cstIII
) associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Antibiotic resistance factors predicted from the genome sequence included
blaOXA
variants (58.9%),
tet(O)
(54.5%),
tet(W)
(0.9%),
ant(6)-Ia
(0.9%), mutation in GyrA (T86I, T86I+D90N, T86I+P104S, T86I+D90
N
+P104S) (79.5%), and mutation in 23S rRNA (A2075G) (12.5%). In addition to the high drug resistance of
Campylobacter
in Kolkata,
Campylobacter
pathogens were circulating that may be associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. This study indicates the importance of genomic analysis in the surveillance of pathogens, which provides genomic information on genetic diversity, virulence mechanisms, and determinants of antimicrobial resistance.
Wolbachia
strain
w
MelM disrupts egg retention by
Aedes aegypti
females prevented from ovipositing
Authors: Ross Perran A. , Yeatman Ella , Berran Mel S. , Gu Xinyue , Hoffmann Ary A. , van Heerwaarden Belinda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes are well adapted to dry climates and can retain their eggs for extended periods in the absence of suitable habitat.
Wolbachia
strains transferred from other insects to mosquitoes can be released to combat dengue transmission by blocking virus replication and spreading through populations, but host fitness costs imposed by
Wolbachia
, particularly under some environments, can impede spread. We, therefore, assessed the impact of two
Wolbachia
strains being released for dengue control (
w
AlbB and
w
MelM) on fecundity and egg viability following extended egg retention (up to 24 days) under laboratory conditions. Egg viability following retention decreased to a greater extent in females carrying
w
MelM compared to uninfected or
w
AlbB females. Fertility fully recovered in uninfected females following a second blood meal after laying retained eggs, while
w
MelM females experienced only partial recovery. Effects of
w
MelM on egg retention were similar regardless of whether females were crossed to uninfected or
w
MelM males, suggesting that fitness costs were triggered by
Wolbachia
presence in females. The fecundity and hatch proportions of eggs of
w
MelM females declined with age, regardless of whether females used stored sperm or were recently inseminated. Costs of some
Wolbachia
strains during egg retention may affect the invasion and persistence of
Wolbachia
in release sites where larval habitats are scarce and/or intermittent.

IMPORTANCE

Wolbachia
mosquito releases are expanding around the world with substantial impacts on dengue transmission. Releases have succeeded in many locations, but the establishment of
Wolbachia
has been challenging in some environments, and the factors contributing to this outcome remain unresolved. Here, we explore the effects of
Wolbachia
on a novel trait, egg retention, which is likely to be important for the persistence of mosquito populations in locations with intermittent rainfall. We find substantial impacts of the
Wolbachia
strain
w
MelM on the quality of retained eggs but not the
w
AlbB strain. This cost is driven by the
Wolbachia
infection status of the female and can partially recover following a second blood meal. The results of our study may help to explain the difficulty in establishing
Wolbachia
strains at some field release sites and emphasize the need to characterize
Wolbachia
phenotypes across a variety of traits and strains.
The association between oral microbiome and gastric precancerous lesions
Authors: Chen Yifei , Lei Lei , Xia Mengying , Cheng Ran , Cai He , Hu Tao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Gastric precancerous lesions are thought to be precursors in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer through Correa's cascade. Recent studies have investigated the association between the oral microbiome and gastric precancerous lesions. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive synthesis review of the existing literature on the relationship between oral microbiome and gastric precancerous lesions. A systematic review was conducted to characterize the literature on the association between oral microbiome and gastric precancerous lesions. The studies show that oral microbiome is dynamic in individuals with gastric precancerous lesions. Oral-derived microorganisms were colonized in the gastric precancerous lesions. Interactions between oral and gastric microbiomes affect the response of the host immunity. The abnormal proliferation of oral-associated microorganisms may be linked to the reduction of gastric acid. The present review supports the potential association between oral microbiome and gastric precancerous lesions. However, the interactions are complex and multifaceted, which require further investigation.