bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five‐year risk of CIN3 after short‐term HPV‐DNA negativity in cytology‐negative women: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Del Mistro A , Giorgi Rossi P , Frayle H , Pasquale L , Campari C , Ronco G , Zorzi M 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the 5‐year risk of high‐grade lesions in women with a transient high‐risk HPV infection.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingHPV primary testing within population‐based organised cervical cancer screening programmes.PopulationItalian women enrolled in seven pilot projects and attending the second round.MethodsOn the basis of the cytology triage performed on HPV‐positive women, immediate colposcopy or HPV repeat at 12 months was recommended. Data were collected at the subsequent round 3–4 years after HPV infection clearance.Main outcome measuresRates of HPV infection, CIN2+ and CIN3+ detection at subsequent round after HPV clearance, and relative risks (RR) in comparison with HPV‐negative women (with 95% confidence interval).ResultsData on 1230 women (1027 aged 25–64 years and 203 aged 35–64 years) have been analysed. Overall compliance with repeat HPV testing was 84%. In comparison with HPV‐negative women, those with a transient HPV infection had higher proportions of HPV positivity (15% versus 3.7%) and of CIN2+ lesions (0.87% versus 0.23%) in round two; most of these (7/10) were CIN2; no cancers were detected, and CIN3 occurred in 3/1230 (0.24%).ConclusionsHPV‐based protocols for cervical cancer screening allow long intervals for HPV‐negative women; it is important to monitor the clinical outcome in the women with transient high‐risk HPV infection. CIN3 detection is similar to that observed in routine European cytology‐based screening programmes (CIN3+: 2.7‰); 5‐year intervals may provide reasonable protection but longer intervals are not recommended.Tweetable abstractA screening interval of 5 years (but no longer) appears safe in women with transient HPV detection.
Assessing Retrospective National Water Model Streamflow with Respect to Droughts and Low Flows in the Colorado River Basin
Authors: Hansen Carly , Shafiei Shiva Javad , McDonald Spencer , Nabors April 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStreamflow monitoring in the Colorado River Basin (CRB) is essential to ensure diverse needs are met, especially during periods of drought or low flow. Existing stream gage networks, however, provide a limited record of past and current streamflow. Modeled streamflow products with more complete spatial and temporal coverage (including the National Water Model [NWM]), have primarily focused on flooding, rather than sustained drought or low flow conditions. Objectives of this study are to (1) evaluate historical performance of the NWM streamflow estimates (particularly with respect to droughts and seasonal low flows) and (2) identify characteristics relevant to model inputs and suitability for future applications. Comparisons of retrospective flows from the NWM to observed flows from the United States Geological Survey stream gage network over 22 years in the CRB reveal a tendency for underestimating low flow frequency, locations with low flows, and the number of years with low flows. We found model performance to be more accurate for the Upper CRB and at sites with higher precipitation, snow percent, baseflow index, and elevations. Underestimation of low flows and variable model performance has important implications for future applications: inaccurate evaluations of historical low flows and droughts, and less reliable performance outside of specific watershed/stream conditions. This highlights characteristics on which to focus future model development efforts.
Using Steady‐State Backwater Analysis to Predict Inundated Area from National Water Model Streamflow Simulations
Authors: Shastry Apoorva , Egbert Ryan , Aristizabal Fernando , Luo Cehong , Yu Cheng‐Wei , Praskievicz Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNational Water Model (NWM) simulates the hydrologic cycle and produces streamflow forecasts for 2.7 million reaches in the National Hydrography Dataset for continental United States (U.S.). NWM uses Muskingum–Cunge channel routing, which is based on the continuity equation. However, the momentum equation also needs to be considered to obtain more accurate estimates of streamflow and stage in rivers, especially for applications such as flood‐inundation mapping. Here, we used a steady‐state backwater version of Simulation Program for River NeTworks (SPRNT) model. We evaluated SPRNT’s and NWM’s abilities to predict inundated area for the record flood of Hurricane Matthew in October 2016. The Neuse River experienced record‐breaking floods and was well‐documented by U.S. Geological Survey. Streamflow simulations from NWM retrospective analysis were used as input for the SPRNT simulation. Retrospective NWM discharge predictions were converted to stage. The stages (from both SPRNT and NWM) were utilized to produce flood‐inundation maps using the Height Above Nearest Drainage method which uses the local relative heights to find out the local draining potentials and provide spatial representation of inundated area. The inundated‐area accuracies for NWM and SPRNT (based on comparison to a remotely sensed dataset) were 65.1% and 67.6%, respectively. These results show using steady‐state SPRNT results in a modest improvement of inundation‐forecast accuracy compared to NWM.
The complementarity between ecological infrastructure types benefits natural enemies and pollinators in a Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem
Authors: Rosas‐Ramos Natalia , Baños‐Picón Laura , Tormos José , Asís Josep D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnder the current scenario of biodiversity loss across agroecosystems, the preservation of ecological infrastructures is crucial to maintain ecosystem functions and deliver ecosystem services such as pollination or biological control of pests, which largely determine agricultural productivity and food security. The role that ecological infrastructures such as hedges or strips have in enhancing functionally important groups, including predators, parasitoids and pollinators has been reasonably well investigated in temperate areas. However, it is much less documented in agroecosystems from the Mediterranean basin, even though this area has been identified as a biodiversity hotspot for conservation priorities. In a study developed during 2014 in a traditional vineyard agroecosystem in Northern Spain using a combination of different sampling methods, we analysed beneficial arthropod assemblages across four types of linear ecological infrastructures: woodland hedges, rosaceous hedges, grass strips and flower strips. We investigated the value of these elements as a source of predators, parasitoids and pollinators. We show that ecological infrastructures across this Mediterranean vineyard agroecosystem support functionally important groups and that the abundance, richness and distribution of families of each functional group is determined by features characterising the different types of those infrastructures. Ecological infrastructures with a suitable level of structural diversity constitute an important reservoir of predators. On the other hand, parasitoids and pollinators were limited by the availability of hosts, pollen and nectar resources. Flower strips, less complex infrastructures that offer a high amount of floral resources, benefited communities of both parasitoids and pollinators. Because of the variability in habitat preference found among the different functionally important taxa, we highlight the importance of preserving different types of ecological infrastructures across vineyard agroecosystems to maintain well‐structured assemblages of beneficial arthropods and maximise underlying services.
The changing patterns and correlates of population‐level polysubstance use in Australian youth: a multi‐group latent class analysis of nationally representative samples spanning 12 years
Authors: Chan Gary , Connor Jason , Hall Wayne , Leung Janni 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo (1) identify population‐level classes of polysubstance use among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, (2) test if these classes changed over the same period, in terms of class prevalence and probabilities of substance use within each class, and (3) identify demographic and health‐related correlates of polysubstance use.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional nationally representative household surveys.SettingAll Australian states/territories.ParticipantsYoung adult samples (aged 18–30 years; 58% females) from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (n = 20 350)MeasurementsOutcomes were the extent of past‐year use of 10 licit (e.g. alcohol), and illicit substances (e.g. cannabis) were used to derive polysubstance use classes. The correlates were gender, age, psychological distress, general health, language background, personal income, education level, remoteness of residence and socio‐economic index for area of residence.FindingsThree polysubstance use classes were consistently identified between 2004 and 2016 (SSABIC: 188349): minimal users (MU, ~60%), mainly tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users (TAC, ~30%) and extended range polysubstance users (POLY, ~10%). There were substantial changes in use of different substances within each class over the study period. For example, smoking decreased in all classes (P < 0.05), while harmful alcohol use only decreased in the first two classes (P < 0.05). Factors associated with TAC and POLY were similar over the study period. These included: being male and having an English‐speaking background, a high level of psychological distress, suboptimal health and high personal income. Living in an affluent area was associated with reduced likelihood of being TAC, but an increased likelihood of being POLY.ConclusionAt the population‐level among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, six in 10 did not engage in polysubstance use; four in 10 used a limited range of substances (mainly alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) and one in 10 used an extended range of substances. Over time, the types of substance within the extended polysubstance use class changed substantially.
Large‐scale potential RNA editing profiling in different adult chicken tissues
Authors: Shafiei H. , Bakhtiarizadeh M. R. , Salehi A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRNA editing is a post‐transcription maturation process that diversifies genomically encoded information and can lead to transcriptome diversity. Thanks to next‐generation sequencing technologies, a large number of editing sites have been identified in different species. Although this mechanism is well described in mammals, only a few studies have been performed in chicken. Here, candidate or potential RNA editing sites were identified in eight different tissues of chicken (brain, spleen, colon, lung, kidney, heart, testes and liver). We identified 68 A‐to‐G editing sites in 46 genes. Only two of these were previously reported in chicken. We found no C‐to‐T sites, attesting to the lack of this type of editing mechanism in chicken. Similar to mammals, the editing sites were enriched in non‐coding regions, rarely resulted in a change in amino acids, showed a critical role in the nervous system and had a low guanosine level upstream of the editing site and some enrichment downstream from the site. Moreover, in contrast to mammals, editing sites were weakly enriched in interspersed repeats and the number and editing ratio of non‐synonymous sites were higher than for those of synonymous sites. Interestingly, we found several tissue‐specific edited genes, including GABRA3, SORL1 and HTR1D in brain and RYR2 and FHOD3 in heart, that were associated with functional processes relevant to the corresponding tissue. This finding highlights the importance of RNA editing in several chicken tissues, especially the brain, and establishes a foundation for further exploration of this process.
Congenital microcephaly‐linked CDK5RAP2 affects eye development
Authors: Zaqout Sami , Ravindran Ethiraj , Stoltenburg‐Didinger Gisela , Kaindl Angela M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiallelic mutations in the cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit‐associated protein 2 gene CDK5RAP2 cause autosomal recessive primary microcephaly type 3 (MCPH3). MCPH is characterized by intellectual disability and microcephaly at birth, classically without further organ involvement. Only recently, congenital cataracts were reported in four patients of one pedigree with MCPH3. Given the lack of a further pedigree with this phenotype, it remained unclear whether this was a true causal relationship. Here we support the link between CDK5RAP2 and eye development by showing that most Cdk5rap2 mutant mice (an/an) exhibit eye malformations ranging from reduced size of one or both eyes (microphthalmia) to total absence of both eyes (anophthalmia). We also detected increased apoptosis in the an/an retinal progenitor cells associated with more mitotic cells. This indicates an important role of Cdk5rap2 in physiologic eye development.
Ovarian cancer stage, variation in transvaginal ultrasound examination rates and the impact of an urgent referral pathway: A national ecological cohort study
Authors: Ladegaard Baun Marie‐Louise , Falborg Alina Z. , Hjertholm Peter , Petersen Lone K. , Vedsted Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine whether variation in transvaginal ultrasound examination rates in Danish general practice populations is associated with ovarian cancer outcomes, and to explore the impact of the introduction of a cancer patient pathway for ovarian cancer.Material and methodsWe performed a national register‐based cohort study of gynecological cancer‐free women aged 40 years or above, living in Denmark and listed with a specific general practitioner in 2004‐2014. Practice populations were divided into quartiles according to the general practitioners’ transvaginal ultrasound propensity in the preceding year. Associations between transvaginal ultrasound rates and ovarian cancer outcomes were analyzed using Poisson and logistic regression.ResultsWe included 2769 general practices with 1 739 422 listed women, of whom 5325 were diagnosed with ovarian cancer during the study period. Practices varied twofold in transvaginal ultrasound rates before and after the implementation of the cancer patient pathway. Before the cancer patient pathway was introduced, women listed with practices with the highest transvaginal ultrasound rates were diagnosed with earlier stages of ovarian cancer (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.81) and had a higher proportion of borderline tumors (incidence rate ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.75) compared with women least exposed to transvaginal ultrasound. After the cancer patient pathway, no significant differences were identified between the groups.ConclusionsBefore the cancer patient pathway, women exposed most to transvaginal ultrasound were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with early stage ovarian cancer compared with those least exposed to transvaginal ultrasound. After the cancer patient pathway was implemented, the difference disappeared. This suggests that increased awareness and access to transvaginal ultrasound is useful for diagnosing early‐stage ovarian cancer.
Beyond silence or compliance: The complexities of reporting a friend for misconduct
Authors: Hess Megan F. , Treviño Linda K. , Chen Anjier , Cross Rob 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhy do employees fail to report a friend's misconduct, and if they do not report, how else do they cope with this ethical dilemma? Through two field studies, we offer a more nuanced understanding of the range of alternative responses between the extremes of silence (ignoring misconduct) and compliance (reporting), and we illuminate the underlying reasons for these choices. Our results reveal that most employees are inclined to attempt to resolve a friend‐reporting situation themselves, and further, that many employees hesitate to report a friend's misconduct for ethical reasons. Specifically, we show how an ethic of care expressed through empathy for the transgressor may play an important and previously unexamined role in friend‐reporting decisions, drawing attention to the consideration of empathy as a key emotion that can reduce compliance with reporting programmes. In addition to these important contributions to the literature, practitioners should also find this study useful, as it suggests new approaches to help employees better align their choices with the compliance goals of the organisation without sacrificing their valued friendships.
Effects of an extracurricular science intervention on elementary school children's epistemic beliefs: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Schiefer Julia , Golle Jessika , Tibus Maike , Herbein Evelin , Gindele Verena , Trautwein Ulrich , Oschatz Kerstin 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundFurther developing students’ thinking about knowledge and knowing in science (epistemic beliefs) is considered a normative goal of science education in many countries around the world, even for elementary‐school‐aged children.AimsThe goal of the present study was to introduce and evaluate a new intervention in science education aimed at developing children's epistemic beliefs, epistemic curiosity, and investigative interests. The intervention included an inquiry‐based learning approach as well as reflections on epistemic issues because these methods are currently seen as most promising for fostering students’ epistemic beliefs.SampleData were collected from 65 elementary school children in Grades 3 and 4 (58.46% boys, age: M = 8.73, SD = 0.60) who participated in a voluntary extracurricular STEM enrichment programme in south‐west Germany.MethodsWe investigated the effectiveness of the intervention by applying a randomized block design with a treated control group and repeated measures. The effectiveness of the intervention was analysed via multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsThe results indicated that the children assigned to the intervention developed more sophisticated epistemic beliefs and a higher level of epistemic curiosity than the children assigned to the control condition. No intervention effects were found on investigative interests.ConclusionsThe results provide initial evidence for the effectiveness of the intervention and demonstrate that it is possible to improve epistemic beliefs among elementary school children in Grades 3 and 4. The study provides a starting point for understanding how young children develop epistemic beliefs.
Inhaled corticosteroid use during pregnancy among women with asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Robijn Annelies L. , Jensen Megan E. , McLaughlin Karen , Gibson Peter G. , Murphy Vanessa E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStudies demonstrate the prescription rate for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) decreases in early pregnancy, possibly increasing exacerbation risk. This could be related to non‐adherence to prescribed asthma medication or medication cessation by the patient or doctor. ICS use during pregnancy has not previously been summarized in a systematic review.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the use of ICS during pregnancy among asthmatic women, specifically: (1) the prevalence of use, (2) changes of use during pregnancy compared with pre‐pregnancy and (3) medication adherence among ICS users.MethodsWe systematically searched literature in Embase, MEDLINE, CINAL and Cochrane, using terms related to asthma, pregnancy and medication use. All English articles reporting ICS among pregnant women with asthma were included. Prevalence, changes in ICS use during pregnancy and ICS adherence were pooled using STATA (version 15.0, StataCorp USA).ResultsA total of 4237 references were retrieved in the initial search. Screening and review led to the inclusion of 52 articles for one or more aims (Aim 1: N = 45; Aim 2, N = 13; and Aim 3, N = 5). The pooled prevalence of ICS use during pregnancy was 41% (95%CI 36%‐45%); 49% (95%CI 44%‐55%) in Europe, 39% (95%CI 32%‐47%) in Australia and 34% (95%CI 27%‐41%) in North America. In eight prescription databases, ICS prescription rates lowered in the first trimester of pregnancy, compared with pre‐pregnancy, increased in the second trimester and decreased in the third trimester. Five studies reported ICS adherence among pregnant women, using four measures of self‐reported non‐adherence. In two comparable studies, pooled ICS non‐adherence was 40% (95%CI 36%‐44%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of ICS use among pregnant women with asthma is 41% and varies widely between countries and continents, and prescription rates for ICS change throughout pregnancy. More studies are needed to investigate ICS adherence during pregnancy in women with asthma.
What is new about the genetic background of Hirschsprung disease?
Authors: Luzón‐Toro Berta , Villalba‐Benito Leticia , Torroglosa Ana , Fernández Raquel M. , Antiñolo Guillermo , Borrego Salud 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a rare congenital disorder caused by an incorrect enteric nervous system development due to a failure in migration, proliferation, differentiation and/or survival of enteric neural crest cells. HSCR is a complex genetic disease, where alterations at different molecular levels are required for the manifestation of the disease. In addition, a wide spectrum of mutations affecting many different genes cause HSCR, although the occurrence and severity of HSCR from many cases still remain unexplained. This review summarizes the current knowledge about molecular genetic basis of HSCR.
First camera survey in Burkina Faso and Niger reveals human pressures on mammal communities within the largest protected area complex in West Africa
Authors: Harris Nyeema C. , Mills Kirby L. , Harissou Yahou , Hema Emmanuel M. , Gnoumou Isaac T. , VanZoeren Jenna , Abdel‐Nasser Yayé I. , Doamba Benoit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dearth of ecological data from protected areas at relevant scales challenges conservation practice in West Africa. We conducted the first camera survey for Burkina Faso and Niger to elucidate interactions between resource users and mammals in the largest protected area complex in West Africa (W‐Arly‐Pendjari, WAP). We differentiated direct (e.g., poaching) and indirect (e.g., domestic animals) human activities to determine their effects on species richness, composition, and behavior. Livestock was the dominant human pressure while gathering was the most prevalent direct human activity. Human pressure did not influence species richness or composition, but reduced mammal activity with greater consequences from indirect activities. We also found distinct differences among guilds in their behavioral responses to human pressures as wild ungulates exhibited the greatest sensitivities to livestock presence. Our findings, that aggregated socioecological data, transition the WAP complex from the singular mandate of nature conservation to a dynamic coupled human‐natural ecosystem.
Beyond Borders
Authors: Philipsz Susan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe paper argues that museums have focused on the separation of the senses, with galleries dedicated primarily to visual learning modalities, while performance spaces are more likely to preference listening as a dedicated task for the stationary listener. The author/artist argues that gallery architecture and auditorium acoustics can be so well designed that they exclude possibility. Secondarily, she argues that the designs may as likely ignore the auditory to the degree that experience in one space can overwhelm the purpose of adjacent space. This reflection on history, acoustics, and atmosphere are manipulated in three installations to illustrate how creating art in public spaces and museum settings can transform experience. The artist highlights how to manipulate the characteristics of sound, how sound travels, echoes and reverberates, in ways that can extend perception.