bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LightAuth: A Lightweight Sensor Nodes Authentication Framework for Smart Health System
Authors: Adil Zain Ul Islam , Iqbal Khan Majid , Sanam Kahkishan , Malik Saif U. R. , Moqurrab Syed Atif , Srivastava Gautam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCounterfeit medical devices pose a threat to patient safety, necessitating a secure device authentication system for medical applications. Resource‐constrained sensory nodes are vulnerable to hacking, prompting the need for robust security measures. Token‐based authentication schemes, such as one‐time passwords (OTPs), smart cards, key fobs, and mobile authentication apps, along with certificate‐based authentication methods, such as client and code‐signing, employ cryptographic frameworks like elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) and physical unclonable functions (PUF). However, these methods face challenges, including block sequence issues and susceptibility to side‐channel attacks. To address these issues, we propose a framework for mutual authentication using private Ethereum. This framework integrates private Ethereum and cryptographic techniques for encrypting and decrypting data using mathematical algorithms to overcome block sequence issues and side‐channel attacks. Similarly, fog nodes are utilised to enhance local computing, storage, and networking capabilities for sensors. The framework is evaluated using metrics such as communication costs, execution costs, and computation costs based on Ethereum gas consumption. The performance of the LightAuth framework is compared with that of the Smart Contracts Against Counterfeit IoMT (SCACIoMT) framework, designed for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. The effectiveness of LightAuth is verified through formal security analysis using BAN logic.
DSL‐Driven Approaches and Metamodels for Chatbot Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ouaddi Charaf , Benaddi Lamya , Bouziane El Mahi , Jakimi Abdeslam , Chehri Abdellah , Saadane Rachid 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChatbots have emerged as ubiquitous tools for enhancing user interaction across various platforms, from customer service to personal assistance. They are computer programs that simulate and process human conversation, either written, spoken or both. However, developing efficient chatbots remains a challenge, primarily due to the intricate nature of critical components of chatbots like natural language understanding (NLU) requiring a subscription from intent recognition providers like Dialogflow and Amazon Lex. This makes chatbots closely linked to NLP services and can be locked in. Recently, various research studies have provided solutions to reduce the workload of developers and designers. These approaches have proposed model‐driven development via domain‐specific languages (DSLs), which make the chatbot development process more accessible and more automated. This advancement aims to enhance effectiveness in chatbot development by leveraging DSLs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DSLs for developing chatbots, with the first contribution comprising various research topics, tools, approaches, and technologies employed to implement DSLs. Second, this work aims to assess and contrast the primary DSLs currently available for chatbot development, focusing on presenting the key elements used in constructing these DSLs. Third, this study identifies the challenges and limitations of using DSLs in chatbot development.
Mechanical Behavior of Multiple Edge‐Cracked Nanobeams by Taking Into Account the Multiple Cracks Effects
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Ronchei Camilla , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBy exploiting the stress‐driven model, within the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a novel nonlocal analytical model is proposed in order to simulate the mechanical behavior of multiple edge–cracked nanobeams by taking into account the multiple cracks effects. According to the present model, the nanobeam is split in correspondence with each of the
edge cracks, thus obtaining
beam segments, connected to each other by means of massless elastic rotational springs. Firstly, the proposed model is validated by considering experimental data available in the literature, related to bending tests on two cantilever microbeams, each of them containing a single edge crack (i.e.,
). Then, the model is employed to simulate a bending test on a cracked cantilever microbeam containing two edge cracks (i.e.,
) and a parametric study is performed by varying both the crack depth, the distance between cracks, and the characteristic length of the material in order to investigate the influence of such parameters on the microbeam mechanical response.
Dynamic Responses of Soil Organic Carbon to Urbanization: A Global Perspective
Authors: Xu Fangjin , Zhao Shuqing , Li Shuangcheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRapid global urbanization has a complex impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Through its direct and indirect impacts on soil formation and development, urbanization greatly influences SOC stocks. However, the extent to which urbanization affects SOC stocks globally remains unclear. In this study, we utilized an urban–rural gradient approach to assess the effects of urbanization on SOC stocks at both global and national scales. First, we calculated the urbanization intensity (UI) at a 1 km scale globally, categorizing urbanization into three stages: low (0 ≤ UI ≤ 25), medium (25 < UI ≤ 75), and high (75 < UI ≤ 100). Additionally, we distinguished the contributions of natural factors and human activities and analyzed the effects of land‐use changes in eight representative cities. We found the following: (1) The SOC stocks exhibit distinct trends with increasing UI, but when UI is low or high, an increase in UI is associated with decreasing SOC stocks (reductions of 6.8% and 5.4% at a depth of 30 cm; 6.4% and 3.2% at a depth of 100 cm, respectively). (2) Changes in human activities are the main drivers of SOC stock changes during urbanization. At low and medium urban intensities, the contributions of human activities reach 98% and 89%, respectively. Additionally, land‐use transitions are closely correlated with SOC stock changes, particularly in areas near the urban core, across different climate zones. (3) The response of SOC to urbanization varies across climatic zones. In water‐scarce arid climates, attention should be given to the negative effects of urbanization, and more targeted measures should be taken to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of urban soils. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between urbanization and SOC stocks, underscoring the need for tailored strategies to manage soil carbon in urban environments.
Historical Geographies of Engineering: Knowledges, Practices, Identities
Authors: Dishington Rachel 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on established scholarship in the historical geography of science, the history of technology and science and technology studies, this paper argues for the significance of an historical geography of engineering. Large‐scale and transformative infrastructure projects have been a common focus in historical geography, however comparatively little attention has been paid to the engineers responsible for designing and implementing them. This paper reviews recent work which has foregrounded engineers and their work across diverse times and places. It conceptualises engineering in three ways: as a form of knowledge about the world that is connected to, but distinct from, science; as a set of practices undertaken in specific locations; and as an identity that, since the profession's origin in the 18th century, has enabled individuals to claim expertise in relation to environmental management and therefore exert power over land, territory and people. The article reviews geographical inquiry that foregrounds these perspectives on engineering and suggests future directions for research in the field.
Official Turnover and Embodied Carbon Emissions: Evidence From Industrial Linkages in China's Prefecture‐Level Cities
Authors: Wang Xuheng , Chen Jieping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCarbon emission is the most critical environmental pollution issue today. However, regional trade and industrial linkages have changed the traditional carbon emission pattern. As a public product with strong negative externalities, carbon emissions inevitably lead to severe consequences if the market is allowed to adjust itself. Therefore, public policies made by government officials have an important role in environmental governance and emission reduction. This paper uses China's Multi‐regional Input‐Output (MRIO) table and official turnover data of 269 prefecture‐level cities in China for the empirical test. The results show that official turnover has a significant positive impact on embodied carbon emissions between regions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inter‐provincial turnover of officials and the turnover between regional central cities results in more significant embodied carbon emissions. Further research finds that the longer the officials stay in their previous positions or as new local government leaders, the greater the embodied carbon emissions caused by their turnover. In addition, the turnover of officials affects interregional embodied carbon emissions by promoting regional entrepreneurship, venture capital and structure transformation of industries. The findings of this paper provide essential enlightenment for optimizing Chinese local government governance and promoting the transformation of the economic development mode.
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Dual/Triple/Quadruple Regimens Both in First‐Line and Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Benito Belén Martínez , Nyssen Olga P. , Gisbert Javier P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapies encompassing one or more antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) has lately decreased. Vonoprazan (VPZ), a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, provides higher gastric acid suppression than PPIs. We performed a meta‐analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of VPZ in H. pylori eradication therapies.MethodsStudies were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2023. Efficacy was evaluated by intention‐to‐treat analysis. Data were combined by meta‐analyzing risk differences (RD). Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgrouping.ResultsSeventy‐seven studies (24 randomized clinical trials) evaluated 44,162 patients (22,297 receiving VPZ and 21,865 PPIs). Overall VPZ efficacy was 88% (95% CI = 87%–90%): 86%, 88%, and 94% for dual/triple/quadruple‐VPZ‐containing therapies. VPZ efficacy was 87% (86%–89%) in first‐line and 90% (87%–93%) in rescue therapy. VPZ performed better than PPIs in treatment‐naïve patients (87% vs. 70%; RD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.11–0.15) and when using triple regimens. No significant differences were observed in rescue and quadruple therapies. In patients with clarithromycin‐resistant infection, VPZ‐based therapies demonstrated an 81% efficacy (76%–85%), surpassing PPIs (76% vs. 40%; RD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.24–0.43). For clarithromycin‐susceptible strains, VPZ efficacy was 92% (89%–95%), similar to PPIs. VPZ adverse events rate was 19% (16%–21%), comparable to PPI‐based regimens (18% vs. 13%, respectively; RD = 0.00, 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.02, p = 0.57).ConclusionsThe efficacy of VPZ‐based regimens was over 85% in all treatment combinations. In treatment‐naïve and clarithromycin‐resistant patients, VPZ performed better than PPIs. In rescue therapy, in clarithromycin‐susceptible patients or when quadruple regimens were prescribed, this advantage was not confirmed. Tolerability was similar in both regimens.
Microwave dielectric properties of Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system with low‐sintering temperature
Authors: Li Wen‐Bo , Pang Li‐Xia , Wang Xiao‐Long , Liu Wei‐Guo , Yao Xiaogang , Lin Huixing , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhou Di 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the low‐loss and temperature‐stable Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system, synthesized via a solid‐state process at low‐sintering temperatures ranging from 840°C to 900°C The structure, microstructure and microwave properties of the Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) ceramics as a function of the sintering temperature were studied. The results of XRD patterns and microstructure characterization showed that the main phase in compositions belong to tetragonal scheelite and tetragonal structure. The ceramic composition Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce), sintered at 840°C–900°C for 2 hours, demonstrated excellent microwave dielectric properties, exhibiting relative dielectric constant (εr) of 13.9–14.4, Q × f value of about 31 100 (at 9.66 GHz) – 48 600 GHz (at 9.33 GHz), and temperature coefficient of –8.1 to –1 ppm/°C. Our work designs temperature‐stable microwave dielectric ceramics with low‐sintering temperature for LTCC technology applications.
Putting skin in the game: a descriptive study of lower extremity ulcers in general medical inpatients
Authors: Wong Melanie , Daly Stuart , Katanas Jeremy , Shea Hermione , Upton Larelle , Puyk Kathy , Thayaparan Archana , Kern Johannes S. , Gibbs Harry , Aung Ar Kar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLower extremity ulcers contribute a significant burden to patient care. Targeted investigation and management are pertinent to improving patient outcomes. We evaluated the aetiology, risk factors, investigations and management of lower extremity ulcers in general medicine patients. There was evidence of under‐ordering of appropriate investigations, and over‐treatment for infection. We proposed a quality improvement initiative to optimise lower extremity ulcer care.
Jungian Psychodrama and Nursing Education
Authors: Yüceyurt Nil Küçük 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNursing, by its philosophy, is the process of providing quality care with an existential, humanitarian and holistic approach. In this context, nursing education aims to develop the intellectual, emotional and social skills of students to the greatest extent by reinforcing them with ideals. The psychodrama method, which can be a significant part of the therapeutic process of individuation and self‐realisation, may be seen as a way for this. Psychodrama, which is a group psychotherapy method, is practiced worldwide under different styles and schools for the therapeutic processes of individuals. Jungian psychodrama is an approach that combines analytical psychology and drama therapy and aims to discover and transform the inner worlds of individuals. This article discusses the fundamental concepts and principles of Jungian psychodrama, the relationships of psychodrama with the profession of nursing, education in this profession and how Jungian psychodrama can be employed in nursing.
Temperature‐dependent heat transfer deterioration in ordered graphene/ceramic composites
Authors: Zhang Baoxi , Zhou Xiaohan , Zhang Zhanxiang , Rui Shenglong , Wang Jiangwen , Zhang Weiwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBoosting heat transfer of ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs) with dimensional‐crossover graphene has become an increasing challenge for improving the thermal protective performance of new‐generation spacecraft. Yet its characteristics of anisotropic and high interfacial thermal resistance inevitably cause heat transfer deterioration at high temperatures. Here we develop a few ZrB2/graphene/ZrB2 interface‐dominated diffuse models that are driven by bonding configurations and thermal converger. It has been found that forming stronger bonding configurations by Zr‐C interfacial bonding and designing a preferred thermal converger by ordered graphene are both unarguable ways of suppressing high‐temperature heat transfer deterioration. Each Zr‐C interfacial bonding serves as an independent sluice gate to accelerate heat flow. More high‐frequency phonons are excited at high temperature, which augments the interfacial thermal conductance from 38.5 to 335.4 MW·m−2·K−1 at 700 K. Impressively, a concept of thermal converger inspires us to adopt ordered graphene for changing the diverging behavior in isotropic ZrB2 composites. Its convergent process combines with anisotropic characteristics to transform the isotropic heat flow into the highly ordered graphene. Their thermal conductance can be regulated from minimum (2.5) to maximum (80.8 W·m−1·K−1) by rotating the ordered graphene from 90° to 7.5°. This work paves an optimal way for manipulating the heat transfer of UHTCs.
Species Traits and Island Biogeography: Wing Metrics Linked to Avian Dispersal Ability Predict Species Occurrence on Remote Islands Worldwide
Authors: Bastidas‐Urrutia Ana Maria , Biber Matthias F. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Fritz Susanne A. , Kreft Holger , Tobias Joseph A. , Weigelt Patrick , Hof Christian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimWe assessed the influence of island isolation on the composition of insular bird assemblages with a particular focus on species traits associated with dispersal. To do so, we tested whether ecomorphological metrics of dispersal ability, namely hand‐wing index and Kipp's distance, increase with increasing island isolation.LocationGlobal.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe integrated global datasets of island characteristics with distribution and ecomorphological trait information of birds; our final dataset comprised information for 2034 native, resident and terrestrial species inhabiting 2399 islands. Species restricted to islands were removed to avoid potentially confounding effects of speciation, such as the evolution of flightlessness or poor flight on islands. Using the generalised additive models, we tested for the relationship between hand‐wing index or Kipp's distance and island isolation, accounting for the effects of island area and spatial autocorrelation. We performed the analyses separately for (i) continental and oceanic islands and (ii) for all terrestrial birds and for passerine birds only.ResultsHand‐wing index and Kipp's distance were positively related to island isolation on oceanic islands, that is bird communities on more isolated oceanic islands were composed of species with wings that had a higher aspect ratio and were more elongated. However, this relationship did not hold for continental islands. We found these patterns to be consistent for all terrestrial birds as well as for passerine birds only.Main ConclusionOur study provides strong evidence that island isolation influences the trait composition of island bird assemblages at a global scale. Our results highlight the variation of dispersal‐related ecomorphological traits among bird assemblages on islands, suggesting that these traits play an important role in mediating the influence of island isolation on community assembly processes on islands.
Identifying Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Dental Setting in an Asian Population—A Clinical Risk Model
Authors: Chee Hoe Kit , Abbas Frank , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , Tjakkes Geerten Has , Htoon Hla Myint , Li Huihua , de Waal Yvonne , Vissink Arjan , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the glycaemic status of Asian patients in a tertiary care dental setting and develop a risk model for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM).Material and MethodsA total of 1074 participants completed a diabetes risk test questionnaire, full‐mouth periodontal examination and a point‐of‐care HbA1c finger‐prick blood test. Univariable logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of potential factors to predict DM, with confirmed diabetes as the outcome. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection was employed to develop the final models for predicting DM.ResultsSixty‐five (6.1%) and 83 (7.7%) of the 1074 participants were medically confirmed with T2DM and prediabetes, respectively. The ‘best’ predictive risk model for DM included body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, smoking and a diagnosis of Stage III/IV or severe periodontitis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.717 (95% confidence interval, CI [0.689–0.744]) and 0.721 (95% CI [0.693–0.748]), respectively. Including the oral health measure marginally increased the AUC.ConclusionsDental patients clinically diagnosed with advanced periodontitis in combination with high BMI, positive family history of DM and smoking are potentially at high risk for DM and should be screened for DM and referred for medical confirmation and management.
Can a warm and supportive adult protect against mental health problems amongst children with experience of adversity? A twin‐differences study
Authors: Stock Sarah E. , Lacey Rebecca E. , Arseneault Louise , Caspi Avshalom , Crush Eloise , Danese Andrea , Latham Rachel M. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Newbury Joanne B. , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Fisher Helen L. , Baldwin Jessie R. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems, but many children who experience ACEs do not develop such difficulties. A warm and supportive adult presence in childhood is associated with a lower likelihood of developing mental health problems after exposure to ACEs. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal, as previous research has not accounted for genetic and environmental confounding.MethodsWe used the twin‐difference design to strengthen causal inference about whether a warm and supportive adult presence protects children exposed to ACEs from mental health problems. Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population‐representative birth cohort of 2,232 same‐sex twins. ACEs were measured prospectively from ages 5 to 12. Maternal warmth was assessed at ages 5 and 10 through maternal speech samples. Adult support was assessed through child reports at age 12. Mental health problems were assessed through interviews at age 12 with parents and teachers and participants at age 18.ResultsAmong children exposed to ACEs, those who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had lower levels of mental health problems at ages 12 and 18. In monozygotic twin‐difference analyses, the protective effects of maternal warmth and adult support on mental health were attenuated by 70% for maternal warmth and 81% for adult support, compared to phenotypic analyses. Twins who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had minimal or no difference in mental health compared to their co‐twins, concordant for ACE exposure.ConclusionsThe apparent protective effect of a warm, supportive adult against mental health problems following ACEs is largely explained by genetic and environmental confounding. This suggests that interventions which boost maternal warmth and adult support should be supplemented by components addressing wider family environments and heritable vulnerabilities in children exposed to adversity, to improve mental health.