bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Letter Verbal Fluency in Spanish-, Basque-, and Catalan-Speaking Individuals: Does the Selection of the Letters Influence the Outcome?
Authors: Olabarrieta-Landa Laiene , Benito-Sánchez Itziar , Alegret Montserrat , Gailhajanet Anna , Landa Torre Esther , López-Mugartza Juan Carlos , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the letters used and the language of administration.

Method
The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E.

Results
Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P.

Conclusion
Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.
High‐speed distance relaying using least error squares method and testing with FPGA
Authors: Liu Shenyi , Jin Xingxing (Shane) , Gokaraju Ramakrishna (Rama) 
Published: June 2019

The demand for high‐speed protective relaying in modern power grids is growing. A relay's fast and secure operation to clear faults is critical, especially for EHV/UHV transmission systems (400 kV and above). This research proposes a sub‐cycle distance relaying, which is based on the least error squares (LES) method, and with a data interface module implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Taking advantage of inherent parallelism and pipelined architecture of the FPGA, the proposed relay design can support real‐time data communications. Also, the flexible and reliable feature of the LES algorithm allows the proposed relay to make a fast and secure trip decision in different scenarios. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the LES‐based relay.
Design and application of electrical power backup and battery charge with a new voltage controller approach for military vehicles
Authors: Aktas Ahmet 
Published: June 2019

Thanks to the increased reliability and performance of power electronics, their use in military areas is very common. Through the developing technology, military land vehicles can have many equipment rather than just a replenishment and military transport duty. For safety and confidentiality, it is not possible to supply the energy of these equipments with the 28 V lead‐acid batteries on the military vehicle during the silent watch (when the vehicle is stationary). In this study, electrical power backup and battery charge circuit has been designed and applied for military land vehicles for this purpose. When providing power to devices and charging the battery in the vehicle, it is important to ensure that the circuit is stable, robust and accordance with military standards. The output voltage of this power circuit is controlled by the use of robust control and nonlinear voltage control methods and this method brings innovation in this field. In this study, voltage surges in power circuit output due to sudden load changes are minimized by the proposed voltage control method. Thus, the conformity of the power circuit to the MIL‐STD‐1275‐E voltage surges standard, which is one of the military standards, is provided by experimental results.
Single‐phase hybrid discontinuous conduction mode SEPIC rectifiers integrated with ladder‐type switched‐capacitor cells
Authors: Kremes William de J. , Costa Paulo J.S. , Illa Font Carlos H. , Lazzarin Telles B. 
Published: June 2019

In this study, a set of new single‐phase pulse‐width modulation (PWM) Single‐ended primary‐inductor converter (SEPIC) rectifiers are proposed, which integrates conventional SEPIC rectifier, three‐state switch (TSS) and switched‐capacitor (SC) concepts. A conventional ladder‐type SC cell is modified so that it can be integrated with the SEPIC rectifier operating in discontinuous conduction mode. The set of new single‐phase PWM SEPIC rectifiers are able to provide: (i) lower‐voltage stress on the semiconductors; (ii) higher‐output voltage; and (iii) a split‐capacitor output voltage. The structure employs a TSS and three different implementations are proposed. Two of them are bridgeless versions, which can provide higher efficiencies. Hence, the proposed structures can support using the SEPIC rectifiers as step‐up in many applications and thus it can broaden its field of use. The topologies and their topological states, a theoretical steady‐state analysis, a theoretical analysis of the ladder‐type SC cell integrated with the SEPIC rectifier, a dynamic model for the control and a design example are discussed herein. Furthermore, a 500 W prototype with a 220 V input voltage, two 200 V split‐output voltages, 400 V total output voltage and 50 kHz switching frequency was designed to corroborate the theoretical study.
Prediction of wind turbine generator bearing failure through analysis of high‐frequency vibration data and the application of support vector machine algorithms
Authors: Turnbull Alan , Carroll James , Koukoura Sofia , McDonald Alasdair 
Published: June 2019

Innovations which help facilitate predictive maintenance strategies have the potential to greatly reduce costs associated with wind turbine O&M by driving efficiency and increasing wind turbine availability. This study uses multiple examples of the same generator bearing failure to provide insight into how condition monitoring systems can be used in to train machine learning algorithms with the ultimate goal of predicting failure and remaining useful life. Results show that by analysing high‐frequency vibration data and extracting key features to train support vector machine algorithms, an accuracy of 67% can be achieved in successfully predicting failure 1–2 months before occurrence. This study reflects on the limitations surrounding a generalised training approach, taking advantage of all available data, showing that if too many different examples are considered of different wind turbines and operating conditions, the overall accuracy can be diminished.
Constraints on positron annihilation kinematics in the inner Galaxy
Authors: Siegert Thomas , Crocker Roland M. , Diehl Roland , Krause Martin G. H. , Panther Fiona H. , Pleintinger Moritz M. M. , Weinberger Christoph 
Published: June 2019

Context. The annihilation of cosmic positrons with electrons in the interstellar medium results in the strongest persistent γ-ray line signal in the sky. For the past 50 yr, this 511 keV emission – predominantly from the galactic bulge region and from a low surface-brightness disk – has puzzled observers and theoreticians. A key issue for understanding positron astrophysics is found in cosmic-ray propagation, especially at low kinetic energies (≲10 MeV).
Aims. We want to shed light on how positrons propagate and the resulting morphology of the annihilation emission. We approach this “positron puzzle” by inferring kinematic information of the 511 keV line in the inner radian of the Galaxy. This constrains propagation scenarios and positron source populations in the Milky Way.
Methods. By dissecting the positron annihilation emission as measured with INTEGRAL/SPI, we derived spectra for individual and independent regions in the sky. The centroid energies of these spectra around the 511 keV line are converted into Doppler shifts, representing the line-of-sight velocity along different galactic longitudes. This results in a longitude-velocity diagram of positron annihilation. From high-resolution spectra, we also determined Doppler-broadening from γ-ray line shape parameters to study annihilation conditions as they vary with galactic longitude.
Results. We found line-of-sight velocities in the 511 keV line that are consistent with zero, as well as with galactic rotation from CO measurements (2–3 km s−1 deg−1), and measurements of radioactive 26Al (7.5–9.5 km s−1 deg−1). The velocity gradient in the inner ±30° is determined to be 4 ± 6 km s−1 deg−1. The width of the 511 keV line is constant as a function of longitude at 2.43 ± 0.14 keV, with possibly different values towards the disk. The positronium fraction is found to be 1.0 along the galactic plane.
Conclusions. The weak signals in the disk leave the question open of whether positron annihilation is associated with the high velocities seen in 26Al or rather with ordinarily rotating components of the Milky Way’s interstellar medium. We confirm previous results that positrons are slowed down to the 10 eV energy scale before annihilation and constrain bulk Doppler-broadening contributions to ≲1.25 keV in the inner radian. Consequently, the true annihilation conditions remain unclear.
Physical model of near-Earth asteroid (1917) Cuyo from ground-based optical and thermal-IR observations
Authors: Rożek A. , Lowry S. C. , Rozitis B. , Green S. F. , Snodgrass C. , Weissman P. R. , Fitzsimmons A. , Hicks M. D. , Lawrence K. J. , Duddy S. R. , Wolters S. D. , Roberts-Borsani G. , Behrend R. , Manzini F. 
Published: June 2019

Context.The near-Earth asteroid (1917) Cuyo was subject to radar and light curve observations during a close approach in 1989, and observed up until 2008. It was selected as one of our ESO Large Programme targets, aimed at observational detections of the Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect through long-term light curve monitoring and physical modelling of near-Earth asteroids.Aims.We aim to constrain the physical properties of Cuyo: shape, spin-state, and spectroscopic and thermo-physical properties of the surface.Methods.We acquired photometric light curves of Cuyo spanning the period between 2010 and 2013, which we combined with published light curves from 1989 to 2008. Our thermal-infrared observations were obtained in 2011. Rotationally resolved optical spectroscopy data were acquired in 2011 and combined with all available published spectra to investigate any surface material variegation.Results.We developed a convex light curve-inversion shape of Cuyo that suggests the presence of an equatorial ridge, typical for an evolved system close to shedding mass due to fast rotation. We determine limits of YORP strength through light curve-based spin-state modelling, including both negative and positive acceleration values, between − 0.7 × 10−8and 1.7 × 10−8rad day−2. Thermo-physical modelling with the ATPM provides constraints on the geometric albedo,pV= 0.24 ± 0.07, the effective diameter,Deff= 3.15 ± 0.08km, the thermal inertia, Γ = 44 ± 9 J m−2s−1∕2K−1, and a roughness fraction of 0.52 ± 0.26. This enabled a YORP strength prediction ofν= (−6.39 ± 0.96) × 10−10rad day−2. We also see evidence of surface compositional variation.Conclusions.The low value of YORP predicted by means of thermo-physical analysis, consistent with the results of the light curve study, might be due to the self-limiting properties of rotational YORP, possibly involving movement of sub-surface and surface material. This may also be consistent with the surface compositional variation that we see. The physical model of Cuyo can be used to investigate cohesive forces as a way to explain why some targets survive rotation rates faster than the fission limit.
Intravitreale Injektionen – welche Informationen aus dem Aufklärungsgespräch bleiben Patienten im Gedächtnis?
Authors: Enders Christian , Ryszka Joanna , Lang Gabriele E. , Strametz Reinhard , Lang Gerhard K. , Werner Jens Ulrich 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die intravitreale operative Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM) ist eine der häufigsten ophthalmologischen Operationen. Eine hohe Therapieadhärenz ist erforderlich, um einen guten Behandlungserfolg zu erreichen. Da der Wissensstand der Patienten um Krankheit und Therapie mit einer erhöhten Therapieadhärenz assoziiert ist, wurde dieser systematisch erhoben.
Patienten und Methode Die Studie wurde als explorative Befragung konzipiert. Insgesamt wurden im Zeitraum von November bis Dezember 2016 100 konsekutive Patienten der Ambulanz einer Universitätsaugenklinik ein anonymisierter, strukturierter Fragebogen mit mehrheitlich geschlossenen Fragen ausgehändigt. Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv.
Ergebnisse Das mediane Alter betrug 73 Jahre. Über die Hälfte der Patienten hatte bereits 3 oder mehr IVOMs an einem Auge bekommen. Die häufigste Erkrankung war eine altersbezogene Makuladegeneration (52%). 64% der Patienten erhofften sich eine Verbesserung des Sehvermögens. 42% der Patienten konnten das verwendete Präparat nicht benennen. 55% der Patienten fühlten sich ausreichend aufgeklärt. 69% der Patienten konnten nicht einschätzen, wie häufig eine Endophthalmitis nach IVOM auftritt.
Schlussfolgerung Der Wissensstand der Patienten bez. Augenerkrankung, Zielsetzung der Therapie und postoperativen Komplikationen wies trotz vorheriger ausführlicher Aufklärung Lücken auf. Standardisierte Informationsblätter sind von den Patienten gewünscht und können helfen, den Wissensstand sowie die Therapieadhärenz zu verbessern.
Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from the Endolichenic Fungus Hypoxylon fuscum
Authors: Basnet Buddha Bahadur , Chen Baosong , Suleimen Yerlan Melsuly , Ma Ke , Guo Shouyu , Bao Li , Huang Ying , Liu Hongwei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs part of our search for new cytotoxic and antimicrobial natural products from endolichenic fungi, 19 compounds including 1 new 10-member lactone (2), 1 new polyacetylene glycoside (3), 1 new brasilane-type sesquiterpenoid glycoside (4), and 2 isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one derivatives (5 and 6) were isolated from the solid culture of the endolichenic fungus Hypoxylon fuscum. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by NMR spectroscopic data, MS, ECD (electronic circular dichroism) calculation, and chemical methods. The cytotoxic effects on K562, SW480, and HEPG2 cell lines and the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were assessed. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against K562, SW480, and HEPG2 cell lines while compounds 1, 9, and 11 displayed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
Care of the Brain-Dead Organ Donor
Authors: Siah Julian W. R. , Sudhan Nazneen , Wijayatilake Dhuleep S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere remains a worldwide shortage of organs for transplantation. If not properly cared for, the organs of patients who are brainstem dead will deteriorate, making them either unsuitable for transplantation or reducing the success rate of transplants. The Medline database was searched with no time limit in January 2019 for English publications using keywords “brainstem death physiology” and “organ donor care.” Full texts of all publications related to care of deceased donors after brainstem death (DBD) were reviewed. Those that were not relevant were excluded. An online search for publications and guidelines produced by international organizations relating to organ donation and care of the organ donor was also preformed, and the results were reviewed.Although there is a low level of evidence to support specific management strategies to optimize the care of potential DBD patients, there is reasonable consensus between different international guidelines on protocolized intensive care unit (ICU) management of potential DBD patients and donor resuscitation targets.Key management concepts include (1) early recognition of brainstem DBD and referral to organ donation services, (2) ICU-led multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach to donor management, (3) shift in ICU teams thinking from management of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) to maintaining organ perfusion and function, (4) early active donor management to normalize donor physiology, and (5) prevention, recognition, and treatment of complications of brainstem death.
Advancing the understanding of placebo effects in psychological outcomes of exercise: Lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Lindheimer Jacob B. , Szabo Attila , Raglin John S. , Beedie Chris 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite the apparent strength of scientific evidence suggesting that psychological benefits result from both acute and chronic exercise, concerns remain regarding the extent to which these benefits are explained by placebo effects. Addressing these concerns is methodologically and at times conceptually challenging. However, developments in the conceptualisation and study of placebo effects from the fields of psychology, neuroscience, pharmacology, and human performance offer guidance for advancing the understanding of placebo effects in psychological responses to exercise. In clinical trials, expectations can be measured and experimentally manipulated to better understand the influence of placebo effects on treatment responses. Further, compelling evidence has shown that the contribution of placebo effects and their underlying neurobiological mechanisms to treatment effects can be measured without administering a traditional placebo (e.g. inert substance) by leveraging psychological factors such as expectations and conditioning. Hence, the purpose of this focused review is to integrate lessons such as these with the current body of literature on placebo effects in psychological responses to exercise and provide recommendations for future research directions.
Cooperative phases and phase transitions of Bose condensed light in dye filled cavities
Authors: Fleurov Victor , Kuklov Anatoly 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Recent realization of Bose–Einstein condensation of light in 2D provides a new platform for studying novel phases and phase transitions. The combination of low effective mass of the confined light and the presence of the dye molecules with randomly oriented directions of the dipolar transition engages a competition between disorder and the tendency to forming algebraic off-diagonal order. The phase diagram of possible phases is constructed at the mean field level. One of the phases is the condensate of photon pairs induced solely by the orientational disorder. Such a geometrical mechanism of pairing has no analogy in other systems.
Analytic solution for a joint Bohm sheath and pre-sheath potential profile
Authors: Martin P , Maass F , Calderón F A , Lastra F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An analytic solution is presented in this paper for the electric potential near a wall in a confined plasma. This is well fitted for both the sheath and pre-sheath regions. In the sheath region, the potential is well adapted to the differential equation proposed by Bohm. In the pre-sheath region, the potential is also well suited, decaying to zero electric field in the plasma, which is a physical condition. The potential is also valid for any value of the parameter K measuring the dimensionless Bohm velocity.
Spectral purity transfer with 5 × 10−17 instability at 1 s using a multibranch Er:fiber frequency comb
Authors: Barbieri Piero , Clivati Cecilia , Pizzocaro Marco , Levi Filippo , Calonico Davide 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this work we describe the spectral purity transfer between a 1156 nm ultrastable laser and a 1542 nm diode laser by means of an Er:fiber multibranch comb. By using both the master laser light at 1156 nm and its second-harmonic at 578 nm, together with the 1542 nm slave laser, we investigate the residual noise between the main comb output, the octave-spanning output, and a wavelength conversion module including non-linear fibers, second-harmonic generation crystal and amplifiers. With an ultimate stability of the system at the level of

at 1 s and accuracy of

, this configuration can sustain spectral transfer at the level required by the contemporary optical clocks with a simple and robust setup.
Hand Gesture Recognition with Skin Detection and Deep Learning Method
Authors: Huang Hanwen , Chong Yanwen , Nie Congchong , Pan Shaoming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gesture recognition, although has been exploring for many years, is still a challenging problem. Complex background, camera angles and illumination conditions make the problem more difficult. Thus, this paper presents a fast and robust method for hand gesture recognition based on RGB video. First we detect the skin based on their color. Then we extract the contour and segment the hand region. Finally we recognize the gesture. The results of experiment demonstrate that the proposed method are efficient to recognize gesture with a higher accuracy than the state of the art.
Video Analysis Technology and Its Application in Badminton Sports Training
Authors: Yunwei LI , Shiwei Jiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Based on the continuous development of computer vision and graphics technology, pattern recognition and image processing technology, intelligent video analysis technology combines these related technologies to establish a mapping relationship between image description and surveillance image. Intelligent video analysis technology has a wide range of applications, such as in military and economic fields. In the process of badminton training, when the trainer explains the action essentials for the athletes, the video replay and analysis management methods are less difficult, lack of science and intuition and it is difficult to meet the trainer’s demand for sports performance evaluation. The analysis and recognition process of badminton video are studied. Based on particle filter prediction, adaptive threshold algorithm is used to achieve adaptive separation of moving targets. The particle filter technology is used to track the trajectory of the athletes and the motion model is constructed. Based on this, the position of the important joint points in the subsequent motion video frames is predicted, so as to track the subsequent motion video frames. When the motion recognition in the badminton training video is used, the conditional random field method is mainly used, which makes the motion recognition rate higher and the false separation rate lower.
Wind and Storage Cooperative Scheduling Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithm
Authors: Qin Jingtao , Han Xueshan , Liu Guojing , Wang Shang , Li Wenbo , Jiang Zhe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wind energy has become one of the most promising new energy sources in the context of the global energy interconnection. However, the inherent uncertainty of wind power and the volatility of its output make it difficult to join the internet for scheduling. The uncertainty of the output must be reduced or even eliminated by certain methods. In this paper, wind power and energy storage are coordinated to eliminate the uncertainty of wind power output, and to reduce the burden on the grid while ensuring the long-term operation of wind farms. This paper first introduces Q-learning in reinforcement learning as a controller. Through a large number of historical wind power data training, the controller has good decision-making ability, so as to reduce the punishment caused by wind power uncertainty; then the Q-learning is improved aiming at the maximum average income of the stage. Finally, the Q-value network is established with conventional Q-learning and improved Q-learning. The DQN algorithm in the deep reinforcement learning algorithm is introduced for deep training and decision-making and the three algorithms are verified. The result proves that the deep reinforcement learning algorithm can achieve better control effect than Q-learning.