bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Good planning is half the battle!” – but how are experiments planned by parent‐child‐dyas?
Authors: Emmerich Katharina , Sommer Katrin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDer Versuchsplanung kommt als Gelenkstelle zwischen Forschungsfrage und Experiment bei der Bewältigung von Experimentieraufgaben des Typus Guided Inquiry eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Allerdings ist bekannt, dass Schülerinnen und Schüler diverse Schwierigkeiten haben, eine Versuchsplanung zu konzipieren. In der vorliegenden Studie soll untersucht werden, wie Kinder und Eltern gemeinsam Experimentieraufgaben des Typus Guided Inquiry planen und ob Eltern dabei als Lernbegleitende fungieren können. 46 Eltern‐Kind‐Paare wurden während des Bearbeitens einer Experimentieraufgabe audiographiert und die Daten mittels Qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring kategoriengeleitet ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich, dass auch im Zusammenwirken von Kindern und Eltern u. a. die Variablenkontrollstrategie nicht sicher beherrscht wird und die Festlegung der zu gewinnenden Beobachtungsdaten nur selten erfolgt. Eine Erklärung könnte sein, dass den Teilnehmenden das entsprechende Methodenwissen zur Phase der Versuchsplanung fehlt.
Luminescence Mechanisms of Quaternary Zn−Ag−In−S Nanocrystals: ZnS:Ag, In or AgInS2:Zn?
Authors: Fujiki Hikari , Hamanaka Yasushi , Chen Shijia , Kuzuya Toshihiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHighly emissive Zn−Ag−In−S nanocrystals have attracted attention as derivatives of I–III–VI2‐type nanocrystals without the use of toxic elements. The wide tunability of their luminescence wavelengths is attributed to the controllable bandgap of the solid solution between ZnS and AgInS2. However, enhancement of the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL‐QY) depending on the chemical composition has not been elucidated. Here, the luminescence mechanisms of Zn−Ag−In−S nanocrystals were studied from the perspective of ZnS doped with Ag and In, although previous research has proposed a hypothesis that Zn is a radiative recombination centre in the AgInS2 host. The Zn−Ag−In−S nanocrystals were synthesized by systematically varying the Zn, Ag, and In contents. The nanocrystals exhibit a structure in which a part of the Zn in the cubic ZnS is substituted with Ag and In. Luminescence was ascribed to a donor‐acceptor pair (DAP) recombination between electrons trapped in In donors and holes trapped in Ag acceptors. The composition‐dependent enhancement of PL‐QYs was attributed to an increase in donor and acceptor concentrations. The DAP characteristics were maintained over a wide range of Ag and In contents because of the localized character of the band edge states dominated by Ag and In orbitals, as suggested formerly by simulation.
Activation of CH4, NH3, and N2 by Tantalum Ions, Clusters and Their Oxides: What Can Be Learnt from Studies of Ions in the Gas Phase
Authors: Siegele Flora , Tschurl Martin , Schooss Detlef , Heiz Ueli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe emission control of harmful compounds and greenhouse gases and the development of alternative, sustainable fuel sources is a major focus in current research. A solution for this problem lies in the development of efficient catalytic materials. Here, gas phase model systems represent prominent examples for obtaining fundamental insights on reaction properties of prospective catalytic systems. In this work, we review results from studies of tantalum clusters and their oxides in the gas phase and discuss insights with a potential relevance for applied systems. We focus on reactions that are essential for sustainable chemistry in the future. In detail, we address the activation of methane, which may enable the transformation of a greenhouse gas to a chemical feedstock, and we discuss the activation of NH3, which may function as an alternative energy carrier whose unwanted emission needs to be curbed in future applications. Finally, we consider the activation of N2 as a third reaction, since reducing the high energy demand of ammonia synthesis still bears significant challenges. While tantalum may be an interesting catalytic material, the discussed studies may also serve as benchmark for investigations of other materials.
The Securitization of Social Reintegration in Southern Thailand's Armed Conflict
Authors: Buranajaroenkij Duanghathai , Hayes Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the challenges of social reintegration of men involved in the insurgency in the Southernmost provinces of Thailand. Social reintegration involves men taking up their family, economic, and cultural roles in their community. In Southern Thailand, the reintegration process is not adequately desecuritized as the notion of security held by the Thai Military and State clashes with the rights of former detainees accused of involvement in the armed conflict. The data was collected through multiple means, including interviews with 31 informants (comprising former detainees and their family members, authorities, and staff of non‐governmental organizations), alongside focus group discussions and a dialogue process. This study shows that social reintegration is complex to achieve when the State pursues a security‐centric approach that involves close monitoring and denial of rights of movement and work. The findings of this study illuminate the necessity for three paradigm shifts to improve the social reintegration of former detainees in Thailand's Southern Provinces. First, it urges a redefined threat perception, recognizing former detainees as citizens with rights rather than inherent security risks. Second, it advocates for a collaborative approach, integrating civilian oversight and local stakeholders to reduce tensions and build community trust. Finally, the study proposes adaptive securitization policies responsive to evolving conflict dynamics, allowing for gradual desecuritization as reintegration advances. Together, these shifts aim to balance security needs with effective reintegration, fostering sustainable peace and community resilience in the region.
Variation in flower morphology associated with higher bee diversity in urban green spaces
Authors: Sinno Serena , MacInnis Gail , Lessard Jean‐Philippe , Ziter Carly D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUrbanization is a leading threat to biodiversity, but scientifically informed management of urban ecosystems can mitigate negative impacts. For wild bees, which are declining worldwide, careful consideration of flower choice in public and private green spaces could help preserve their diversity. While floral density and species richness are both linked to wild bee diversity, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are not fully understood. Here, we tested two hypotheses relating the influence of floral trait composition to bee species richness, which we have termed the within‐trait diversity and optimal floral trait hypotheses. Specifically, we assessed whether variation in bee richness relates to variation in the weighted variance (trait diversity) and mean (optimal trait) of floral traits observed in urban green spaces across the city of Montreal, Canada. Our analyses focused on two floral traits relating to pollinator feeding success: nectar sugar concentration and corolla length. After accounting for variation in floral density among sites, bee richness was positively related to community‐weighted variance in corolla length, supporting the within‐trait diversity hypothesis. These findings suggest that management practices that increase the diversity of flower morphologies in urban green spaces can promote the persistence of wild bee communities in cities.
Seafloor sediment microtopography as a surrogate for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Authors: Schenone Stefano , Hewitt Judi E. , Hillman Jenny , Gladstone‐Gallagher Rebecca , Gammal Johanna , Pilditch Conrad , Lohrer Andrew M. , Ferretti Eliana , Azhar Mihailo , Delmas Patrice , Thrush Simon F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMarine soft sediments play crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles and biodiversity. Yet, with organisms often hidden in the sediment, they pose challenges for effective monitoring and management. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing sediment microtopography as a proxy for ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. Combining field sampling, benthic chamber incubations, and advanced Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry techniques, we investigated the relationships between microtopographic features and various ecological parameters across diverse subtidal habitats. Our findings reveal strong associations between sediment microtopography and environmental variables, benthic fluxes, biodiversity metrics, and community functional traits, with microtopography consistently explaining more than 50% of the variance in the data. This research demonstrates the potential of sediment microtopography as a cost‐effective and scalable tool for assessing soft‐sediment ecosystem dynamics and informing conservation strategies. By providing insights into the links between habitat structure and ecological processes, this study advances our understanding of marine benthic ecology and opens new possibilities for habitat assessment applications worldwide.
Mechanical Behavior and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Sandstone Under Different Cyclic Loading and Unloading Disturbance Rates
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Bin Liu , Ling Chunwei , Ren Qingshan , Xu Baohui , Hu Xuyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe frequency of dynamic disasters is escalating in deep coal mining, with an increasing number of disasters induced by the combined static and dynamic loading. To investigate the mechanical behavior of deep sandstone under mining, cyclic disturbance, uniaxial cyclic loading, and unloading tests with equal amplitude were conducted at four different disturbance rates on the basis of static loading. The influence of loading and unloading disturbance rates on mechanical properties, fracture characteristics, acoustic emission (AE) temporal‐spatial evolution, and fractal characteristics of AE spatial distribution were analyzed. The results show that the peak strength of rock samples initially decreases and then increases as the disturbance rate increases. During the cyclic loading and unloading disturbance stage, AE exhibits a significant Kaiser effect under different disturbance rates. The higher the disturbance rate, the greater the number of cycles with high amplitude AE, but fewer high amplitude AE occur during the loading to peak failure stage. The increment of the damage variable is positively correlated with the loading and unloading disturbance rate overall. The AE spatial fractal dimension in rock samples decreases under different loading and unloading disturbance rates, stabilizing at a range of 2.1–2.3. As the loading and unloading disturbance rate increases, the decreasing magnitude in fractal dimension during the cyclic loading and unloading stage first increases and then decreases, with a relatively smaller decrease during the loading to peak failure stage.
Optimizing Solar Energy Harvesting: A K‐Means Clustering Approach for Enhanced Efficiency and Viability
Authors: Bin Li , Shahzad Muhammad , Farhan Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Sanaullah , Saif Mubaarak Abdulrahman Abdu , Bitew Girmaw Teshager 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, photovoltaic (PV) solar energy has played a crucial role in the global transition toward renewable energy, contributing to 46% of the electric capacity. It has emerged as a primary source; however, optimizing energy utilization and solar panel efficiency to maximize absorbed solar radiation remains a significant challenge. Additionally, it addresses the optimization of solar energy generation and the mitigation of potential overheating issues in dual‐axis solar tracking systems. Despite its importance, PV power generation is hindered by uncertainty and intermittency, posing obstacles to achieving a stable and reliable power supply. This research introduces an innovative synthesis method for a typical solar radiation year (TSRY) based on K‐means clustering to maximize energy harvest. The K‐means algorithm, a fundamental image processing technique, is utilized to classify images into distinct groups. This approach enhances energy generation potential, panel efficiency, and the long‐term sustainability of solar energy systems compared to conventional methods.
Exploring the Impact of Different Processing Techniques on Quality and Flavor Characteristics in Hoki Steak Soups
Authors: Miao Xiaoqing , Li Jing , Li Shuang , Li Guodong , Dong Xiuping , Jiang Pengfei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of different processing methods (boiling, oil boiling, and stir frying) on the flavor of hoki steak soups. The quality of different fillet broths was explored by pH, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and color. E‐nose, E‐tongue, and gas chromatography‐ion mobility spectrometry (GC‐IMS) combined with free amino acids (FAAs) were used to analyze the flavor of hoki steak soups. Key compounds were screened by relative odor activity value (ROAV). The variable influence on projection (VIP) was used to identify the differential compounds. The E‐nose and E‐tongue were able to distinguish hoki steak soups. A total of 47 volatile compounds were characterized by GC‐IMS. n‐Pentanal (M) was the key component for the difference between hoki steak soups. There were six substances with ROAV ≥ 1. The results showed that the hoki steak soup boiled for 2 h in the stir‐frying group had a lower fishy odor.
Potassium Release From the Habenular Astrocytes Induces Depressive‐Like Behaviors in Mice
Authors: Aizawa Hidenori , Matsumata Miho , Oishi Laura Ayaka Noguera , Nishimura Fumie , Kasaragod Deepa Kamath , Yao Xintong , Tan Wanqin , Aida Tomomi , Tanaka Kohichi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe habenula has been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression, primarily because of its role in the modulation of the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, which play a role in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Despite growing evidence supporting the role of the habenula in behavioral regulation, the process by which neural cells develop in the habenula remains elusive. Since the habenular anlage is found in the prosomere 2 domain expressing transcription factor Dbx1 in mouse embryos, we hypothesized that the Dbx1‐expressing prosomere domain is a source of astrocytes that modulate neuronal activity in the habenula. To address this, we examined the cell lineage generated from Dbx1‐expressing cells in male mice using tamoxifen‐inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the Dbx1 promoter. Perinatal induction of Cre activity labeled cells migrating radially from the ventricular zone to the pial side of the habenular anlage, and eventually showed astrocyte‐like morphology with expression of the marker protein, S100β, for mature astrocytes in the habenula of the adult mouse. Photostimulation of astrocytes expressing ChR2 released potassium ions into the extracellular space, which in turn excited the neurons with an increased firing rate in the lateral habenula. Finally, photostimulation of habenular astrocytes exacerbated depression‐like phenotypes with reduced locomotor activity, exaggerated despair behavior and impaired sucrose preference in open‐field, tail suspension and sucrose preference tests, respectively. These results indicated that the Dbx1‐expressing perinatal domain generated astrocytes that modulated neuronal activity via the regulation of extracellular potassium levels.
Therapeutic Potential of Growth Hormone in Peripheral Nerve Injury: Enhancing Schwann Cell Proliferation and Migration Through IGF‐1R‐AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Chen Jiaqian , Zhang Tingcheng , Wang Chaohu , Niu Peirong , Huang Liehao , Guo Rongrong , Wu Chengdong , Zhang Huarong , Wu Zhiyong , Qi Songtao , Liu Yi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a prevalent condition characterized by the demyelination of affected nerves. The challenge of remyelinating these nerves and achieving satisfactory functional recovery has long been a persistent issue. The specific contributions of growth hormone (GH) in the aftermath of PNI have remained ambiguous. Our investigations have demonstrated that GH not only enhances neurological function scores but also promotes remyelination within a three‐week period. Further in vivo studies corroborated that GH facilitates nerve function improvement by mitigating neuronal apoptosis. In vitro, the ideal concentration of GH for exerting effects on Schwann cells (SCs) has been identified as 80 ng/mL. Subsequent research uncovered GH's profound impact on SCs proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration. Through RNA sequencing and additional experiments, it was discovered that GH treatment elevates the phosphorylation levels of IGF‐1R, AKT, and ERK. Moreover, the GH‐induced proliferation and migration of SCs were significantly diminished by the inhibition of the IGF‐1R pathway, achieved through pre‐treatment with Linsitinib. The outcomes of this investigation suggest that GH can significantly enhance the proliferation and migration of SCs, presenting it as a viable option for PNI repair.
Risk Factors Influencing Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) Following Dental Extraction Among Osteoporotic Patients in Taiwan
Authors: Wei Ling‐Ying , Cheng Yi‐Wen , Chiu Wei‐Yih , Kok Sang‐Heng , Chang Hao‐Hong , Cheng Shih‐Jung , Lee Jang‐Jaer 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimAntiresorptive therapy (ART) is commonly used in osteoporotic patients to prevent bone loss. This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in osteoporotic patients receiving dental extraction during ART.Materials and MethodsData were collected from 937 patients with 1067 dental extractions conducted between January 2003 and May 2022, including 519 patients on oral alendronate, 276 on denosumab, and 172 on zoledronate. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to assess potential risk factors.ResultsRegression model analysis revealed older age (AOR 1.09 per year; 95% CI, 1.06–1.12) and drug treatment exceeding 24 months (AOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.29–3.30) as significant risk factors. A drug interruption of 3 or more months prior to tooth extraction lowered MRONJ risk (AOR 0.11; 95% CI, 0.07–0.17). Stratified by drug type, denosumab users had significantly lower risk of MRONJ after extraction (AOR 0.14; 95% CI, 0.07–0.27) compared to those on other medications. Factors of drug duration ≥ 24 months, < 3 months of interruption, and posterior mandibular tooth extraction posed the highest synergistic MRONJ risk (AOR 80.29; 95% CI, 33.05–195.09).ConclusionOur results suggest an association between a three‐month ART interruption prior to tooth extraction and reduced MRONJ risk, especially in long‐term ART patients undergoing posterior mandibular extractions. However, these findings require validation through prospective randomized controlled trials.Clinical RelevanceScientific Rationale for Study: The study fills crucial knowledge gaps regarding MRONJ risks in osteoporotic patients undergoing dental extraction during antiresorptive therapy (ART), providing a foundation for informed clinical decisions.Principal Findings: Noteworthy findings include elevated MRONJ risk with older age and prolonged ART, the protective effect of a 3‐month ART interruption, and denosumab users showing significantly reduced postextraction MRONJ risk.Practical Implications: Implementing a 3‐month ART interruption before dental extraction is recommended to reduce MRONJ occurrences.
Association Between Spinal Manipulation, Butalbital Prescription, and Medication Overuse Headache in Adults With Tension‐Type Headache: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Trager Robert J. , Williamson Timothy J. , Makineni Pratheek S. , Morris Lindsay H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsButalbital is an acute headache medication commonly prescribed for tension‐type headache (TTH), although discouraged by guidelines due to a risk of medication overuse headache (MOH). Considering spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) may reduce TTH frequency and intensity, we hypothesized adults with TTH receiving chiropractic SMT would be less likely to receive a butalbital prescription over 2 years versus matched controls not receiving SMT. We secondarily compared likelihood of MOH between cohorts.MethodsWe searched a United States medical records database of patients attending academic medical centers for adults with TTH, from 2013 to 2024, excluding those diagnosed with other headaches and seen in inpatient/emergency settings. We divided patients into two cohorts: (1) SMT and (2) non‐SMT, using propensity matching to control for demographics and other variables associated with likelihood of butalbital prescription and MOH.ResultsThree thousand one hundred and sixteen patients remained per cohort after matching. The incidence of butalbital prescription was lower in the SMT cohort compared to the non‐SMT cohort (SMT: 1.7%; non‐SMT: 3.8%), yielding an RR (95% CI) of 0.46 (0.33–0.63; p < 0.001). The incidence of MOH was lower in the SMT cohort versus non‐SMT cohort (SMT: 0.5%; non‐SMT: 1.2%), yielding an RR (95% CI) of 0.44 (0.25–0.80; p < 0.001).ConclusionAdults receiving chiropractic SMT had a significantly lower likelihood of butalbital prescription and, tentatively, MOH compared to matched controls not receiving SMT. These findings support current guideline recommendations favoring SMT in TTH care, though future studies should replicate and compare these findings with other nonpharmacologic clinicians and interventions.
The effects of parental marital quality on preschool children's social–emotional competence: The chain mediating model of parent–child and sibling relationships
Authors: Xiao Xiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the swift advancements in China's education system and society, preschool children's social–emotional competence is becoming increasingly important for adapting to complicated situations. While research shows parental marital quality as a key factor, studies on its specific mechanisms within the Chinese context are limited. Grounded in the framework of family systems theory and incorporating perspectives from the spillover hypothesis, emotional security theory, and attachment theory, this research explores how parental marital quality influences preschool children's social–emotional competence, emphasizing the mediating roles of parent–child and sibling relationships in China. This study examined 227 preschool children (124 boys and 103 girls) from two‐child families in six kindergartens across China as research participants. Mother reports on the quality of marital, sibling, and parent–child relationships were collected cross‐sectionally to assess the direct and indirect effects on children's social–emotional competence using path models. Results show that parental marital quality positively influences preschool children's social–emotional competence. Additionally, parent–child and sibling relationships not only serve as independent mediators but also create a chain mediating effect. This finding emphasizes the importance of parental marital quality in shaping preschool children's social–emotional competence. It underscores the necessity of nurturing healthy parent–child and sibling interactions via family education.