bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal projections to the anterior olfactory nucleus differentially convey spatiotemporal information during episodic odour memory
Authors: Aqrabawi Afif J. , Kim Jun Chul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus is essential for representing spatiotemporal context and establishing its association with the sensory details of daily life to form episodic memories. The olfactory cortex in particular shares exclusive anatomical connections with the hippocampus as a result of their common evolutionary history. Here we selectively inhibit hippocampal projections to the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) during behavioural tests of contextually cued odour recall. We find that spatial odour memory and temporal odour memory are independently impaired following inhibition of distinct, topographically organized hippocampal-AON pathways. Our results not only reveal a longstanding unknown function for the AON but offer new mechanistic insights regarding the representation of odours in episodic memory.
Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains
Authors: Bykov M. , Bykova E. , Aprilis G. , Glazyrin K. , Koemets E. , Chuvashova I. , Kupenko I. , McCammon C. , Mezouar M. , Prakapenka V. , Liermann H.-P. , Tasnádi F. , Ponomareva A. V. , Abrikosov I. A. , Dubrovinskaia N. , Dubrovinsky L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPoly-nitrogen compounds have been considered as potential high energy density materials for a long time due to the large number of energetic N–N or N=N bonds. In most cases high nitrogen content and stability at ambient conditions are mutually exclusive, thereby making the synthesis of such materials challenging. One way to stabilize such compounds is the application of high pressure. Here, through a direct reaction between Fe and N2 in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, we synthesize three ironnitrogen compounds Fe3N2, FeN2 and FeN4. Their crystal structures are revealed by single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Fe3N2, synthesized at 50 GPa, is isostructural to chromium carbide Cr3C2. FeN2 has a marcasite structure type and features covalently bonded dinitrogen units in its crystal structure. FeN4, synthesized at 106 GPa, features polymeric nitrogen chains of [N42−]n units. Based on results of structural studies and theoretical analysis, [N42−]n units in this compound reveal catena-poly[tetraz-1-ene-1,4-diyl] anions.
Neutralizing negative epigenetic regulation by HDAC5 enhances human haematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment
Authors: Huang Xinxin , Guo Bin , Liu Sheng , Wan Jun , Broxmeyer Hal E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnhancement of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing and engraftment is clinically critical, especially for cord blood (CB) hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we report that specific HDAC5 inhibition highly upregulates CXCR4 surface expression in human CB HSCs and progenitor cells (HPCs). This results in enhanced SDF-1/CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis and increased homing to the bone marrow environment, with elevated SCID-repopulating cell (SRC) frequency and enhanced long-term and secondary engraftment in NSG mice. HDAC5 inhibition increases acetylated p65 levels in the nucleus, which is important for CXCR4 transcription. Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling suppresses HDAC5-mediated CXCR4 upregulation, enhanced HSC homing, and engraftment. Furthermore, activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway via TNFα also results in significantly increased CXCR4 surface expression, enhanced HSC homing, and engraftment. These results demonstrate a previously unknown negative epigenetic regulation of HSC homing and engraftment by HDAC5, and allow for a new and simple translational strategy to enhance HSC transplantation.
Cardiovascular progenitor cells cultured aboard the International Space Station exhibit altered developmental and functional properties
Authors: Baio Jonathan , Martinez Aida F. , Silva Ivan , Hoehn Carla V. , Countryman Stephanie , Bailey Leonard , Hasaniya Nahidh , Pecaut Michael J. , Kearns-Jonker Mary 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe heart and its cellular components are profoundly altered by missions to space and injury on Earth. Further research, however, is needed to characterize and address the molecular substrates of such changes. For this reason, neonatal and adult human cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) were cultured aboard the International Space Station. Upon return to Earth, we measured changes in the expression of microRNAs and of genes related to mechanotransduction, cardiogenesis, cell cycling, DNA repair, and paracrine signaling. We additionally assessed endothelial-like tube formation, cell cycling, and migratory capacity of CPCs. Changes in microRNA expression were predicted to target extracellular matrix interactions and Hippo signaling in both neonatal and adult CPCs. Genes related to mechanotransduction (YAP1, RHOA) were downregulated, while the expression of cytoskeletal genes (VIM, NES, DES, LMNB2, LMNA), non-canonical Wnt ligands (WNT5A, WNT9A), and Wnt/calcium signaling molecules (PLCG1, PRKCA) was significantly elevated in neonatal CPCs. Increased mesendodermal gene expression along with decreased expression of mesodermal derivative markers (TNNT2, VWF, and RUNX2), reduced readiness to form endothelial-like tubes, and elevated expression of Bmp and Tbx genes, were observed in neonatal CPCs. Both neonatal and adult CPCs exhibited increased expression of DNA repair genes and paracrine factors, which was supported by enhanced migration. While spaceflight affects cytoskeletal organization and migration in neonatal and adult CPCs, only neonatal CPCs experienced increased expression of early developmental markers and an enhanced proliferative potential. Efforts to recapitulate the effects of spaceflight on Earth by regulating processes described herein may be a promising avenue for cardiac repair.
The Roles of Serotonin in Decision-making under Social Group Conditions
Authors: Lee Young-A , Goto Yukiori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeople in a social group often have to make decisions under conflict, for instance, to conform to the group or obey authority (subjects at higher social rank in the group). The neural mechanisms underlying how social group setting affects decision-making have largely remained unclear. In this study, we designed novel behavioral tests using food access priority and fear conditioning paradigms that captured decision-making under conflict associated with social group environments in mice and examined the roles of serotonin (5-HT) on these processes. Using these behavioral tests, administration of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, which increased 5-HT transmission, was found to attenuate conflicts in decision-making that may be associated with human cases of social obedience and conformity in mice under group housing. The results suggest that 5-HT plays important roles in the regulation of individual behaviors that organize social group dynamics.
Propolis potentiates the effect of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) against the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Ranfaing Jérémy , Dunyach-Remy Catherine , Louis Laurence , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Sotto Albert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most prevalent bacteria isolated in urinary tract infections (UTI), is now frequently resistant to antibiotics used to treat this pathology. The antibacterial properties of cranberry and propolis could reduce the frequency of UTIs and thus the use of antibiotics, helping in the fight against the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Transcriptomic profiles of a clinical UPEC strain exposed to cranberry proanthocyanidins alone (190 µg/mL), propolis alone (102.4 µg/mL) and a combination of both were determined. Cranberry alone, but more so cranberry + propolis combined, modified the expression of genes involved in different essential pathways: down-expression of genes involved in adhesion, motility, and biofilm formation, and up-regulation of genes involved in iron metabolism and stress response. Phenotypic assays confirmed the decrease of motility (swarming and swimming) and biofilm formation (early formation and formed biofilm). This study showed for the first time that propolis potentiated the effect of cranberry proanthocyanidins on adhesion, motility, biofilm formation, iron metabolism and stress response of UPEC. Cranberry + propolis treatment could represent an interesting new strategy to prevent recurrent UTI.
Tescalcin/c-Src/IGF1Rβ-mediated STAT3 activation enhances cancer stemness and radioresistant properties through ALDH1
Authors: Lee Jei Ha , Choi Soo Im , Kim Rae Kwon , Cho Eun Wie , Kim In Gyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTescalcin (TESC; also known as calcineurin B homologous protein 3, CHP3) has recently reported as a regulator of cancer progression. Here, we showed that the elevation of TESC in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) intensifies epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties, consequently enhancing the cellular resistance to γ-radiation. TESC expression and the phosphorylation (consequent activation) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) were upregulated in CSC-like ALDH1high cells than in ALDH1low cells sorted from A549 NSCLC cells. Knockdown of TESC suppressed CSC-like properties as well as STAT3 activation through inhibition of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), a major signaling pathway of lung cancer stem cells. TESC activated IGF1R by the direct recruitment of proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase c-Src (c-Src) to IGF1Rβ complex. Treatment of IGF1R inhibitor, AG1024, also suppressed c-Src activation, implicating that TESC mediates the mutual activation of c-Src and IGF1R. STAT3 activation by TESC/c-Src/IGF1R signaling pathway subsequently upregulated ALDH1 expression, which enhanced EMT-associated CSC-like properties. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assay demonstrated that STAT3 is a potential transcription activator of ALDH1 isozymes. Ultimately, targeting TESC can be a potential strategy to overcome therapeutic resistance in NSCLC caused by augmented EMT and self-renewal capacity.
Generalized lattice Wilson–Dirac fermions in (1 + 1) dimensions for atomic quantum simulation and topological phases
Authors: Kuno Yoshihito , Ichinose Ikuo , Takahashi Yoshiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Dirac fermion is an important fundamental particle appearing in high-energy physics and topological insulator physics. In particular, a Dirac fermion in a one-dimensional lattice system exhibits the essential properties of topological physics. However, the system has not been quantum simulated in experiments yet. Herein, we propose a one-dimensional generalized lattice Wilson-Dirac fermion model and study its topological phase structure. We show the experimental setups of an atomic quantum simulator for the model, in which two parallel optical lattices with the same tilt for trapping cold fermion atoms and a laser-assisted hopping scheme are used. Interestingly, we find that the model exhibits nontrivial topological phases characterized by gapless edge modes and a finite winding number in the broad regime of the parameter space. Some of the phase diagrams closely resemble those of the Haldane model. We also discuss topological charge pumping and a lattice Gross-Neveu model in the system of generalized Wilson-Dirac fermions.
Transcriptome sequencing and molecular markers discovery in the gonads of Portunus sanguinolentus
Authors: Zhang Yin , Miao Guidong , Wu Qingyang , Lin Fan , You Cuihong , Wang Shuqi , Aweya Jude Juventus , Ma Hongyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCrab culture has gained prominence in the last decade due to the large global market demand for live crabs and crab products. Portunus sanguinolentus is one of the economically important crab species in the Indo-Pacific region, with distinct differences in growth and size between male and female crabs, thus, leading to huge difference in their market values. The culture of P. sanguinolentus is still in its infancy, with crab supplies heavily dependent on wild catch. In order to unravel the molecular differences between male and female crabs, we generated a comprehensive transcriptomic dataset for P. sanguinolentus by sequencing the gonads of both sexes using the Illumina Hiseq 2500 system. Transcriptomes were assembled using Trinity de novo assembly followed by annotation. This transcriptomic data set for P. sanguinolentus would serve as an important reference data for genomic and genetic studies in this crab and related species.
Correlation Between Resistin Level and Metabolic Syndrome Component: A Review
Authors: Mostafazadeh Mostafa , Haiaty Sanya , Rastqar Ali , Keshvari Mahtab 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) has a collection of some abnormal and pathological conditions that cause many critical diseases. Resistin is one of the possible candidates for these pathologies but there are not enough data to prove if resistin has positive, neutral, or negative effects on one or some components of MetS. This review summarizes data about comparing the effects and contribution of resistin in initiation and progression of MetS components and also its different actions between human and other mammalians. This summarized data about the relationship of resistin and MetS components have been obtained from clinical researches and in some cases even animal studies. To find the relevant studies, the search in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus were performed. Human and animal studies on relationships between resistin and MetS (initiation and progression of components) were included in our search. In experiments reported among different human genetic groups as well as the patients with various disease such as diabetes, no significant correlation is shown between FBG and resistin level. Furthermore, this review shows that the results of correlation between resistin and TG, HDL, and central or abdominal obesity were inconsistent. These inconsistencies can arise from different sample size or genetic groups, gender, and also from experimental studies. Therefore, to obtain precise results systematic review and meta-analyses are required.
Die Bedeutung von Qualitätsmanagement in Rehabilitations-Einrichtungen aus Sicht von Qualitätsmanagement-Beauftragten
Authors: Spiegel Marco 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Ziel der Arbeit ist die Evaluation der Bedeutung von QM in Reha-Einrichtungen
Methodik Es wurden acht qualitative Interviews mit QMB aus ambulanten und stationären Einrichtungen im Raum Berlin und Brandenburg geführt. Die
systematische Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte mittels der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring.
Ergebnisse Es zeigen sich Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Bedeutung des QM in ambulanten und stationären Einrichtungen. Für stationäre Einrichtungen ist QM
existentiell, wird aber dennoch nicht uneingeschränkt akzeptiert und in ambulanten Einrichtungen wird es sehr uneinheitlich angewendet und findet zum Teil keine
Anwendung.
Schlussfolgerungen Um die Bedeutung von QM zu erhöhen, muss es vereinfacht werden, damit allen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter ein Zugang ermöglicht
wird. Außerdem sollte QM fester Bestandteil in den Ausbildungen der Medizinfachberufe werden, damit Kenntnis über die Wirkmechanismen von QM besteht. Damit in
ambulanten Einrichtungen die Bedeutung von QM erhöht wird, sollte auch hier die Zertifizierungspflicht eingeführt werden.
Timing and Course of Leucocyte Aggregation in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Galante Alberto , Pietroiusti Antonio , Domenici Bruno , Magrini Andrea , Carta Sandro , Colace Francesco , Dell' Uomo Luigi , Cipriani Cesirio , Argiro Giovanni , Zulli Luigi , Giampaolo Martinelli 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn order to evaluate the pathophysiological relevance and clinical implications of leukocyte rheology in myocardial ischaemia we measured the percentage of aggregated leukocytes in 43 subjects with acute substernal pain before diagnosis. The percentage of aggregated leukocytes was significantly higher in 16 patients with subsequent diagnosis of myocardial infarction with respect to 11 with angina and 16 with non ischaemic chest pain (4.75 ± 0.88, 3.43 ± 0.65 and 1.52 ±0.32 respectively p <0.01). The percentage of aggregated leukocytes was also evaluated in another group of 46 patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction. Among these, aggregated leukocytes were significantly higher in those with residual ischaemia, with respect to those without residual ischaemia (7.4 ± 1.1 vs 3.5 ±0.6, p <0.01).In conclusion, leukocyte aggregation is precociously increased after myocardial ischaemia. It may be a marker of residual ischaemia in patients with myocardial infarction.
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Haemophilic Patients: Clinical Significance of Viral Genotype
Authors: Telfer P T , Devereux H , Savage K , Scott F , Dhillon A P , Dusheiko G , Lee C A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe have undertaken a comprehensive study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and its clinical significance in haemophilic patients. 189 HCV RNA positive patients were typed, using the Simmonds classification scheme, by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in an amplified segment of the 5 non-coding region of the HCV genome. Type 1 was found in 121 (64.0%), type 2 in 23 (12.2%), type 3 in 36 (19.0%), type 4 in 3 (1.6%), type 5 in 2 (1.1%) and mixed infection in 3 (1.6%). There were no type 6 infections and one patient (0.5%) could not be typed. Genotype was not associated with diagnosis, age, or with HIV infection. Type I was associated with higher serum HCV RNA levels, and with a poor response to interferon. Progression to hepatic decompensation has been seen less frequently in those with type 3 compared to type 1 infection (p = 0.07). Three out of eleven patients studied over a longer time course showed a change in genotype, the remainder were persistently infected with HCV type 1. In conclusion, HCV genotype has clinical relevance in the management of haemophilic patients. Those with type 1 are probably more likely to develop serious liver disease and since they respond poorly to inter- feron-α, should be considered for new treatment strategies aimed at sustained clearance of HCV RNA.
Production of Platelet-Activating Factor by Porcine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Culture
Authors: Satoh Kei , Yoshida Hidemi , Imalzumi Tada-Atsu , Koyama Masayuki , Takamatsu Shigeru 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEndothelial cells produce platelet-activating factor (PAF), which is the key process in the interactions between the vascular wall and blood cells. To examine the production of PAF in brain microvasculature we have cultured brain endothelial cells and performed a comparative study with aortic endothelial cells. Fresh porcine brain was homogenized, and microvascular endothelial cells were separated by enzyme digestion. The cells were cultured in medium containing epidermal growth factor and bovine brain extract. Endothelial cells from the aorta of the same animal were cultured in a similar manner. Production of PAF was assessed by ǀ3Hǀacetate incorporation into phospholipids or by radioimmunoassay. Prostacyclin was measured by radioimmunoassay of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1α. The cells produced 1760 ± 403 and 2892 ± 347 dpm/106 cells (n = 4) of PAF when stimulated with brady- kinin and calcium ionophore A23187, each at 1 μM, respectively. Aortic endothelial cells produced 3911 ± 2006 and 8052 ± 2270 dpm/106 cells (n = 4), respectively, and these values were significantly higher than those in brain endothelial cells (p<0.01, U-test). Prostacyclin production was also higher in aortic cells as compared to brain microvascular endothelial cells. In aortic endothelial cells both Ca ionophore A23187 and bradykinin significantly stimulated PMN adherence whereas in brain microvascular cells only Ca ionophore enhanced the adherence. Brain microvascular endothelial cells produce smaller amount of PAF and prostacyclin as compared to aortic endothelial cells, and this fact may imply that the functional integrity of the brain microvascular endothelium is maintained at a low level.
Acadesine Reduces the Frequency of Coronary Artery Reocclusion Following rt-PA Induced Thrombolysis in the Dog
Authors: Young Mark A , Henry Christine , Wong Suzanna , Bullough David , Mullane Kevin 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAcadesine is a ribose-substituted imidazole with antithrombotic properties mediated by adenosine. In view of the beneficial effects of antiplatelet agents on thrombolysis and post-thrombolytic reocclusion, we studied the effects of acadesine on t-PA induced coronary reperfusion and continued patency in anesthetized dogs with electrically-induced coronary artery thrombosis. In 4 groups of dogs we examined the effects of saline and 3 doses of acadesine (0.5,1.0,2.0 mg/kg/min, i.v.) on time to reperfusion, and incidence and time to reocclusion following infusion of t-PA (10 μg/kg/min, i.v.). Acadesine had no effect on time to reperfusion, but significantly (p <0.05) reduced the incidence of reocclusion and prolonged the time to reocclusion at the highest dose tested. In saline treated animals vessels reoccluded in 6 of 7 animals (86%) at 33 ± 6 min after reperfusion. With the lowest dose of acadesine (0.5 mg/kg/min) vessels reoccluded in 3 of 3 animals (100%) at 18 ± 7 min. In animals treated with 1.0 mg/kg/min acadesine, the incidence of reocclusion was reduced, but not significantly (p<0.1) to 2 of 6 (33%), and time to reocclusion was prolonged to 59 ± 11 min (p<0.1). At the highest dose (2.0 mg/kg/min) of acadesine, only 2 of 8 (25%) animals reoccluded (p<0.05), and time to occlusion was prolonged to 80 ± 13 min (p<0.05). Acadesine had no effect on hemodynamics. These results suggest that acadesine might prove beneficial in clinical settings of platelet activation and prothrombotic conditions, such as occur during thrombolysis with t-PA.