bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated charcoal and promotion of growth regulation in wheat seedlings: transcriptome analysis
Authors: Dong Fu-shaung , lv Meng-yu , Wang Jin-ping , Shi Xue-ping , Liu Yong-wei , zhao He , Zhou Shou , Chai Jian-Fang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Activated charcoal (AC) is highly adsorbent and is often used to promote seedling growth in plant tissue culture, although the molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, global transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was performed on 10 day old seedlings prepared from both underground and aboveground growing conditions to provide new insights into seedling growth in the presence of AC.Results

A total of 18,555 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, in which 11,182 were found in roots and 7,373 were found in shoots. In seedlings grown with AC in immature embryo culture, 9,460 DEGs were up-regulated and 7,483 DEGs were down-regulated compared to the control. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that 254 KEGG pathways were enriched in DEGs, 226 of which were common in roots and shoots. Further analysis of major metabolic pathways showed that AC stimulated the expression of nine genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, including PLA, CYP73A, COMT, CYP84A, and 4CL , which promoted cell differentiation and seedling growth. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, AC up-regulated genes related to stress resistance and disease resistance including EIN3, BZR1, JAR1, JAZ, and PR1 , and down-regulated genes related to plant growth inhibition, including BKI1, ARR-B, DELLA, and ABF .Conclusions

Growth medium containing AC not only promoted seedling growth, but also enhanced resistance to stress and disease.
Transcriptomic insights into innate immunity responding to red rot disease in red alga Pyropia yezoensis
Authors: Tang Lei , Qiu Liping , Liu Cong , Mo Zhaolan , Mao Yunxiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis , one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of oomycete necrotrophic pathogen Pythium porphyrae . However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by Pyr. yezoensis during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of infection based on the histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out at different stages of infection to identify the genes related to the innate immune system in Pyr. yezoensis . In total, 2139 up-regulated genes and 1672 down-regulated genes were identified from all the infected groups. Three up-regulated genes encoding extracellular lectin domains (one C-type lectin gene and two L-type lectin genes) were predicted to be p attern r ecognition r eceptors (PRRs) that activate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Several defense mechanisms that were typically regarded as PTI in plants were induced during the infection. These include defensive and protective enzymes, heat shock proteins, secondary metabolites, cellulase, and protease inhibitors. Twenty-three genes that encode typical plant R protein domains (LRR, NBS, or TIR) were found to be up-regulated after infection. They were likely to be regarded as candidates of putative R proteins in Pyr. yezoensis . As a part of E ffector- t riggered i mmunity (ETI), expression of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and hypersensitive cell death response (HR) increased significantly during the infection. The current study suggests that, similar to plants, Pyr. yezoensis possesses a relatively complete innate immune system to counter the invasion of necrotrophic pathogen Pyt. porphyrae . However, innate immunity genes of Pyr. yezoensis appear to be more ancient in origin compared to that in plants.
Modelling the emergence of cognitive styles
Authors: Liedtke Jannis , Fromhage Lutz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Individuals consistently differ in behaviour, exhibiting so-called personalities. In many species, individuals differ also in their cognitive abilities. When personalities and cognitive abilities occur in distinct combinations, they can be described as ‘cognitive styles’. Both empirical and theoretical investigations produced contradicting or mixed results regarding the complex interplay between cognitive styles and environmental conditions. Here we use individual based simulations to show that, under just slightly different environmental conditions, different cognitive styles exist and under a variety of conditions, can also co-exist. Co-existences are based on individual specialization on different resources, or, more generally speaking, on individuals adopting different niches or microhabitats. The results presented here suggest that in many species, individuals of the same population may adopt different cognitive styles. Thereby the present study may help to explain the variety of styles described in previous studies and why different, sometimes contradicting, results have been found under similar conditions.
Effect of Panretinal Photocoagulation on Macular and Disc Vasculature using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Faghihi Houshang , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Khodabandeh Alireza , Mirshahi Ahmad , Ghasemi Fariba , Mirshahi Reza , Khojasteh Hassan , Bazvand Fatemeh , Torkashvand Ali , Hashemi Amirhossein , Tayebi Fereshteh , Faghihi Shahin , Esfahani Mohammad Riazi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the changes of macular vascular density in the superficial capillary (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), Foveal avascular area (FAZ), choroidal flow, macular thickness and parapapillary flow after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).Method: In this prospective interventional non-comparative case series, patients with very severe nonproliferative (NPDR) and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and no significant macular edema who were candidates for panretinal photocoagulation underwent measurement of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at the baseline (1–5 days before PRP), 1, and 5 to 7 months following completion of PRP treatment.Results: Thirty-nine eyes from 21 patients with diabetes were enrolled. foveal SCP (P > 0.1), foveal DCP (P > 0.1), parafoveal SCP (P > 0.1), and parafoveal DCP (P > 0.1) did not change 1 month and 6 months after PRP. The parafoveal inner retina thick slab density was significantly decreased at 6 months after PRP (p=0.015). Deep FAZ area constricted 6 months following PRP (P = 0.075). Based on calculated circularity index, the FAZ area became significantly more circular. (P=0.047). One month after PRP the inside disc vascular density was significantly increased from baseline (p=0.041); while, it was decreased to lower than baseline amount, 6 months after PRP .Conclusion: Although OCTA parameters were not significantly affected by PRP at both short- (1-month) long-term (6-month) follow-up, but FAZ area may be become more circular and regular after PRP may be due to reflow of occluded capillary plexus.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Lian Wen-Qing , Huang Hong-Xing , Li Fa-Jiang , Chen Liang-Hua 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose This meta-analysis aims to assess the prostate cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies published before April 2019. Pooled relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the relationship between history of IBD and prostate cancer risk. Results Fourteen publications involving thirteen cohort studies were eligible. The meta-analysis showed that IBD markedly elevated risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.67). Subgroup analysis by subtype of IBD showed that ulcerative colitis was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09-1.55), while Crohn's disease was not (RR 1.09, 95%CI 0.90-1.34). Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that IBD increases the risk of prostate cancer, particularly in ulcerative colitis men. More prospective cohort studies are required to confirm our findings.
Comparison of prognosis according to tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical node metastasis
Authors: Lee Kwan Ho , Yun Ji Sup , Kim Eun Young , Park Chan Heun , Park Yong Lai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM), which significantly impacts papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients’ prognosis, occurs not uncommonly in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). PTMC is known to have a much better prognosis than non-PTMC, but it has not been known whether there is such a difference even with lateral LNM.
Methods: This retrospective study included a series of 3336 consecutive PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Of them, 206 had lateral LNM and were divided into the PTMC and non-PTMC groups by tumor size (1-cm) for comparing the prevalence of prognostic factors.
Results: LNM was in 157/1131 (13.9%) non-PTMC patients and 49/2205 (2.2%) PTMC patients. Eleven of the 206 (5.3%) lateral LNM cases not found on US were only seen on computed tomography. The prevalence of prognostic factors which include an age of >55 years, >5 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), high metastatic-to-examined LN ratio, and large metastatic LNs (>3 cm) were not significantly different between PTMC and non PTMC group.
Conclusions: In PTC with lateral LNM, the prognosis is likely to be similar regardless of tumor size. Considering the modest risk of lateral LNM in PTMC, FNA and detailed radiologic for small tumor should be encouraged.
Chemotherapy burden of risk-adapted treatment verse surveillance for clinical stage I pediatric testicular cancer: A decision tree model analysis
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Li Hong-chao , Zhang Ji , Liang Hai-tao , Qin Zike , Bian Jun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Different from adult clinical stage I (CS1) testicular cancer, surveillance was recommended for CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. This study was to compare chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance in CS1 pediatric testicular cancer.Methods

We collected clinical utilities from literature and survey. Using decision analysis model, we compared chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance and sensitivity analysis was performed.Results

In base case decision analysis of CS1 pediatric testicular cancer, risk-adapted treatment preferred lower exposure of chemotherapy than surveillance (average: 0.7965 cycle verse 1.3419 cycles). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when relapse rate after primary chemotherapy ≤0.10 and the relapse rate of high-risk group ≥0.40, risk-adapted treatment would expose lower chemotherapy, without association of the proportion of low-risk patients, the relapse rate of low-risk group, relapse rate after salvage chemotherapy and toxicity utility of second-line chemotherapy compared to salvage chemotherapy.Conclusion

Decision analysis demonstrated that risk-adapted treatment was associated with lower exposure of chemotherapy for patients with CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. This might decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity for these high-risk patients and further clinical study was needed.
Association Between a Functional Polymorphism in the MAOA Gene and Both Emotional Coping Style and Neuroticism
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Forero Diego A. , Adan Ana 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: Identification of genetic risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major challenge around the world. Molecular studies of endophenotypes associated with MDD, such as personality traits and coping, are useful for the identification of candidate genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene and scores in coping and neuroticism in young adults. Results: A sample of 251 healthy young participants from Colombia were evaluated with the short forms of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-SF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI-S) and genotyped for MAOA-VNTR polymorphism. A statistically significant association of the functional MAOA-VNTR for scores in both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism was found. Individuals carrying the 4 allele (3/4 or 4/4 genotypes) had higher scores for both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism than individuals with a 3/3 genotype. Our results are the first description about a significant association between a functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene and coping and add evidence to the association of this gene with neuroticism. Our findings support the hypothesis of a broad effect of the MAOA gene on several dimensions of human behavior of psychiatric relevance.
Usare le parole per gestire situazioni di conflitto alla scuola primaria
Authors: Ferrari Stefania 
Published: August 2019

Questo contributo illustra i risultati di un’indagine esplorativa relativa alle modalità di gestione verbale di situazioni di conflitto da parte di bambini della scuola primaria. L’analisi mira a rilevare come gli allievi monolingui e plurilingui di 7-8 anni gestiscono l’atto di protesta in italiano nell’interazione tra pari. Oltre a descrivere alcuni degli usi pragmatici dei bambini delle classi multilingui coinvolte, l’osservazione sperimentale ha l’obiettivo di offrire indicazioni ai docenti per sviluppare interventi didattici rivolti a questa fascia d’età.
Review: Shively, Rachel (2018). Learning and using conversational humor in a second language during study abroad. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.
Authors: De los Heros Susana 
Published: August 2019

This book review focuses on the monographic volume, Learning and using conversational humor in a second language during study abroad, written by Rachel Shively (Illinois State University) and published in 2018 by de Gruyter. The book offers a thorough ethnographic study of L2 Spanish students' use and appropriation of conversational humor and humorous strategies during a semester abroad in Toledo, Spain. Shively also discusses the pedagogical implications of her study and provides practical examples of how humor can be introduced in the L2 classroom.
Reduction of chlorate and regeneration of activated carbon used for chlorate adsorption
Authors: Lakshmanan Shyam , Yung Yen Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) from coal, coconut and palm kernel shell was regenerated after adsorbing chlorate from chlor-alkali plant brine solutions. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) of 17% w/w concentration showed the ability to regenerate AC, with some chlorine gas being released. Regeneration with HCl yielded enhanced adsorption of chlorate. AC from coconut shell adsorbed chlorate better than coal and palm kernel shell AC. Higher chlorate concentration in the influent and lower influent pH resulted in better adsorption. Regeneration of the AC with 17% w/w HCl reduced chlorate to chlorine derivatives. The AC released 107 mg/g of chlorine during the first regeneration and 160–178 mg/g after the second regeneration. During regeneration, coal AC released the highest amount of chlorine at 0.51–0.59 mg/g of chlorate adsorbed followed by palm kernel shell with 0.34–0.36 mg/g, while coconut shell AC released 0.18 mg/g. Scanning electron micrograph of the coconut shell AC carried out after each regeneration showed the structure of AC remained intact, with active sites surfacing on the regenerated AC. Using AC for chlorate adsorption followed by regeneration with 17% w/w HCl may reduce the release of brine and chlorate to the environment from chlor-alkali plants.
Effects of biocrusts and rainfall characteristics on runoff generation in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China
Authors: Guan Hongjie , Cao Rongjiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow the presence of biocrusts regulates runoff generation in the Mu Us Desert is not well known. Runoff experiments under natural and artificial rainfalls and numerical simulations were conducted in semiarid environments to evaluate the effects of biocrust type and rainfall characteristics on runoff. The experimental results showed that the water drop penetration time (WDPT) of the moss-dominated biocrusts was 68.7% higher than that of lichen-dominated biocrusts. Nevertheless, the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for moss-dominated biocrusts was 72.7% lower than that for the lichen-dominated biocrusts. Runoff yield for moss-dominated biocrusts was significantly higher than that for lichen-dominated biocrusts. Runoff yield was mainly explained by rainfall amount (or maximum 5-min rainfall intensity, I5max) (P &lt; 0.001) and WDPT (P = 0.001). The influences of biocrust type, rainfall intensity, and their interaction on runoff coefficient were significant at the probability level of 0.01. The results of numerical simulations concluded that surface runoff was generated for lichen- and moss-dominated biocrusts when rainfall intensity reached 73.5 and 49 mm h–1, respectively. Runoff coefficient in the moss-covered soil increased obviously when rainfall intensity changed from 49 to 73.5 mm h–1. The results suggest that runoff could be changed substantially under increasing trends in rainfall intensity in the Mu Us Desert.
Quercetin Actions on Lipid Profiles in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Wenfang , Gong Xue , Li Minhui 
Published: August 2019

Background:
The lipid profile is associated with metabolic diseases in overweight and obese individuals.
Quercetin treatment is suggested to reduce the risk factors for obesity.

Objective:
The aim of the literature meta-analysis was to determine the range of doses of quercetin administration
on plasma lipid levels in overweight and obese human subjects.

Methods:
Articles searched on EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science through March 20,
2019, were reviewed independently using predetermined selection criteria. The Cochrane collaboration’s tool for
assessing risk of bias was used to assess the quality of the included trials. Heterogeneity was measured using
Cochran's Q test and the I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and the standardized
mean difference (SMD) was considered for measuring the overall effect size.

Results:
Of 176 articles reviewed, 9 randomized clinical trials were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The
pooled results for the effect of quercetin administration on LDL-cholesterol (SMD: -002; 95% CI: -0.15–0.11),
HDL-cholesterol (SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.19–0.07), triglycerides (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.08–0.18), and total
cholesterol (SMD: 0.04; 95% CI: -0.09–0.17) were not significantly different from the control group results.
Quercetin administration at doses of ≥250 mg/day (SMD: -0.58 ; 95% CI: -0.94–-0.22) and total dose ≥14,000 mg
(SMD: -0.58 ; 95% CI: -0.94–-0.22) significantly reduced LDL levels; however, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides,
and total cholesterol levels remained unchanged (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Quercetin administration does not affect plasma lipid levels in overweight and obese individuals.
However, it significantly reduces LDL-cholesterol levels at doses of ≥250 mg/day and total dose ≥14000 mg.
A Case Series of Malign Hyperechoic Breast Lesions
Authors: Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Sari Lütfullah , Temur Hafize Otçu , Toprak Hüseyin , Yildiz Şeyma 
Published: August 2019

Background::
Hyperechoic breast lesions are a rare group of breast masses in routine
practice. Most of these lesions are benign. However, they rarely may be malignant. Hyperechoic
lesions can be evaluated using the same criteria for malignant lesions. Clinical history, mammographic
appearance, and certain sonographic features (non-circumscribed margins, irregular shape,
presence of hypoechoic areas, nonparallel orientation, and association with microcalcifications
can be suggestive of malignancy). In this article, hyperechoic breast lesions with malignant pathology
have been presented.

Methods: :
Seven cases during breast ultrasound examination were detected.

Results::
Four patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 1 patient had invasive lobular carcinoma, 1
patient had high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 1 patient had lymphoma. Ultrasonography
of the breast showed a heterogeneous appearance in all the patients, microcalcification in
two patients, and an ambiguous contour in one patient.

Conclusion::
Hyperechoic breast lesions should be evaluated using specific sonographic criteria to
prevent misdiagnosis and identify patients who require biopsy and further examination.
Effect of Acyclovir Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in an Animal Model of HSV-1 Infection
Authors: Kondel Ritika , Shafiq Nusrat , Kaur Indu P. , Singh Mini P. , Pandey Avaneesh K. , Ratho Radha K. , Malhotra Samir 
Published: August 2019

Background:Acyclovir use is limited by a high frequency of administration of five times a day and low bioavailability. This leads to poor patient compliance.Objectives:To overcome the problem of frequent dosing, we used nanotechnology platform to evaluate the proof of concept of substituting multiple daily doses of acyclovir with a single dose.Methods:Acyclovir was formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, surface charge and morphology and in vitro drug release. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of SLN acyclovir were compared with conventional acyclovir in a mouse model.Results:SLN showed drug loading of 90.22% with 67.44% encapsulation efficiency. Particle size was found to be of 131 ± 41.41 nm. In vitro drug release showed 100% release in SIF in 7 days. AUC0-∞ (119.43 ± 28.74 μg/ml h), AUMC0-∞ (14469 ± 4261.16 μg/ml h) and MRT (120.10 ± 9.21 h) were significantly higher for ACV SLN as compared to ACV AUC0-∞ (12.22 ± 2.47 μg/ml h), AUMC0-∞ (28.78 ± 30.16 μg/ml h) and MRT (2.07 ± 1.77 h), respectively (p<0.05). In mouse model, a single dose of ACV SLN was found to be equivalent to ACV administered as 400mg TID for 5 days in respect to lesion score and time of healing.Conclusion:The proof of concept of sustained-release acyclovir enabling administration as a single dose was thus demonstrated.