bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with basic and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly participants of a population-based survey: the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study, Norway
Authors: Storeng Siri Høivik , Sund Erik R , Krokstad Steinar 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with the need for assistance in basic and instrumental activities of daily living in Norwegian elderly.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingThe Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), a large population-based health survey in Norway.Participants5050 individuals aged 60–69 years old at baseline in HUNT2 (1995–1997) who also participated in HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included in the study. 676/693 individuals were excluded in the analyses due to missing outcomes.OutcomesNeeding assistance in one or more basic or instrumental activities of daily living reported in HUNT3.ResultsIn adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses, poor self-rated health and depression were the strongest risk factors for needing assistance in one or more basic activities of daily living in HUNT3, with ORs of 2.13 (1.35 to 3.38) and 1.58 (0.91 to 2.73). Poor self-rated health and poor life satisfaction were the strongest risk factors for needing assistance in one or more instrumental activities of daily living in HUNT3, with ORs of 2.30 (1.93 to 2.74) and 2.29 (1.86 to 2.81), respectively. Excessive sitting time, short or prolonged sleeping time, and physical inactivity seemed to be the most important lifestyle risk factors for basic/instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL) disability. The studied factors were, in general, greater risk factors for mortality during follow-up than for ADL/IADL disability. Smoking was the strongest risk factor for mortality during follow-up and non-participation in HUNT3. Smoking and low social participation were the strongest risk factors for non-participation in HUNT3.ConclusionsSubjective health perception, life satisfaction and depression were the strongest risk factors for needing assistance in one or more basic/instrumental activities of daily living later in life. These factors could be possible targets for prevention purposes.
Understanding the role of health information in patients’ experiences: secondary analysis of qualitative narrative interviews with people diagnosed with cancer in Germany
Authors: Blödt Susanne , Kaiser Maleen , Adam Yvonne , Adami Sandra , Schultze Martin , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Holmberg Christine 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo analyse the role and meaning of health information in individuals’ experiences with either breast, colorectal or prostate cancer in order to better understand unmet information needs of people with a cancer diagnosis.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data from a qualitative interview study including narrative interviews and maximum variation sampling. A thematic analysis was conducted, followed by an in-depth analysis based on the principles of grounded theory.SettingInterviewees were sought across Germany through self-help organisations, primary care clinics, rehabilitation facilities, physicians and other healthcare professionals to develop cancer modules for the website krankheitserfahrungen.de (illness experiences.de).ParticipantsWomen with a diagnosis of breast cancer, individuals with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer.ResultsThe meaning and role of information in the illness experiences were clearly associated with gaining control in a seemingly uncontrollable situation in which others —people, the disease— take over. Four categories characterise the ways in which information helped interviewees to regain a sense of control following a diagnosis of cancer: ‘becoming confident in one’s treatment decision’, ‘taking responsibility for one’s situation’, ‘understanding the consequences of the disease and treatment for one’s life’, and ‘dealing with fear’. There was, however, always a fine line between information seeking and becoming overwhelmed by information.ConclusionsInformation needs to be understood as a management tool for handling the disease and its (potential) consequences. Patients’ unmet needs for information might not be easily solved by a simple increase in the amount of information because emotional support and respect for patient autonomy might also play a role. The evaluation of one’s own information behaviour and the information received is closely linked to how the illness unfolds. This makes it challenging to document unmet information needs and satisfaction with information independent of an individual’s illness trajectory over time.
Effect of noise tolerance on non-restorative sleep: a population-based study in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Daniel Y T , Wong Janet Y H , Huang Lixi 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of auditory noise tolerance on non-restorative sleep using an objective audiometric test in a representative sample.DesignA total of 202 Chinese individuals aged 15 years and above were recruited from a population-based household survey. Their non-restorative sleep was assessed by a single item, the degree of feeling refreshed on waking up, on a 0–10 scale, while noise tolerance was measured by the most comfortable level expressed in A-weighted decibels.ResultsThe 202 individuals (106 women) had a mean degree of feeling refreshed on waking up of 6.5 on the 0–10 scale and a mean maximum comfortable sound level of 69.2 dB. A multivariable analysis showed that a 1 dB increase in noise tolerance was associated with a 0.1-unit increase in the degree of feeling refreshed after adjusting for age, education, marital status, occupation, exercise, smoking, alcohol consumption, household noise level, stress, anxiety and depression. Moreover, housewives, non-smokers and individuals who were less anxious or stressed felt significantly more refreshed on waking up.ConclusionPeople with higher levels of noise tolerance experienced more refreshing sleep. Additional clinical consideration of enhancing noise tolerance in patients with sleep complaints is needed.
Meta Salud Diabetes study protocol: a cluster-randomised trial to reduce cardiovascular risk among a diabetic population of Mexico
Authors: Sabo Samantha , Denman Champion Catalina , Bell Melanie L , Cornejo Vucovich Elsa , Ingram Maia , Valenica Celina , Castro Vasquez Maria del Carmen , Gonzalez-Fagoaga Eduardo , Geurnsey de Zapien Jill , Rosales Cecilia B 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionNorthern Mexico has among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in the world. This research addresses core gaps in implementation science to develop, test and scale-up CVD risk-reduction interventions in diabetics through a national primary care health system.Methods and analysisThe Meta Salud Diabetes (MSD) research project is a parallel two-arm cluster-randomised clinical behavioural trial based in 22 (n=22) health centres in Sonora, Mexico. MSD aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSD intervention for the secondary prevention of CVD risk factors among a diabetic population (n=320) compared with the study control of usual care. The MSD intervention consists of 2-hour class sessions delivered over a 13-week period providing educational information to encourage sustainable behavioural change to prevent disease complications including the adoption of physical activity. MSD is delivered within the context of Mexico’s national primary care health centre system by health professionals, including nurses, physicians and community health workers via existing social support groups for individuals diagnosed with chronic disease. Mixed models are used to estimate the effect of MSD by comparing cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Framingham Risk Score, between the trial arms. Secondary outcomes include hypertension, behavioural risk factors and psychosocial factors.Ethics and disseminationThis work is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (1R01HL125996-01) and approved by the University of Arizona Research Institutional Review Board (Protocol 1508040144) and the Research Bioethics Committee at the University of Sonora. The first Internal Review Board approval date was 31 August 2015 with five subsequent approved amendments. This article refers to protocol V.0.2, dated 30 January 2017. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at international conferences and will be shared through meetings with health systems officials.Trial registration numberNCT0280469; Pre-results.
Reliability of single office blood pressure measurements
Authors: Burkard Thilo , Mayr Michael , Winterhalder Clemens , Leonardi Licia , Eckstein Jens , Vischer Annina Salome 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesStandard operating procedures for office blood pressure measurement (OBPM) vary greatly between guidelines and studies. We aimed to compare the difference between a single OBPM and the mean of the three following measurements. Further, we studied how many patients with possible hypertension may be missed due to short-term masked hypertension (STMH) and how many might be overdiagnosed due to short-term white coat hypertension (STWCH).Design and settingIn this cross-sectional, single-centre trial, 1000 adult subjects were enrolled. After 5 min of rest, four sequential standard OBPMs were performed at 2 min intervals in a quiet room in sitting position. We compared the first (fBPM) to the mean of the second to fourth measurement (mBPM). STMH was defined as fBPM <140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic and mBPM systolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg. STWCH was defined as fBPM systolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg and mBPM <140 mm Hg systolic and <90 mm Hg diastolic.ResultsComplete measurements were available in 802 subjects. Between fBPM and mBPM, 662 (82.5%), 441 (55%) and 208 (25.9%) subjects showed a difference in systolic and 531 (66.2%), 247 (30.8%) and 51 (6.4%) in diastolic blood pressure (BP) values of >2 mm Hg, >5 mm Hg and >10 mm Hg, respectively. In 3.4% of initially normotensives STMH and in 34.3% of initially hypertensives, STWCH was apparent.ConclusionsThere are significant differences between a single OBPM and the mean of consecutive BP measurements. Our study provides evidence that a single OBPM should not be the preferred method and should be discouraged in future guidelines.Trial registration numberNCT02552030;Results.
Occupational and educational inequalities in exit from employment at older ages: evidence from seven prospective cohorts
Authors: Carr Ewan , Fleischmann Maria , Goldberg Marcel , Kuh Diana , Murray Emily T , Stafford Mai , Stansfeld Stephen , Vahtera Jussi , Xue Baowen , Zaninotto Paola , Zins Marie , Head Jenny 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesPast studies have identified socioeconomic inequalities in the timing and route of labour market exit at older ages. However, few studies have compared these trends cross-nationally and existing evidence focuses on specific institutional outcomes (such as disability pension and sickness absence) in Nordic countries. We examined differences by education level and occupational grade in the risks of work exit and health-related work exit.MethodsProspective longitudinal data were drawn from seven studies (n=99 164). Participants were in paid work at least once around age 50. Labour market exit was derived based on reductions in working hours, changes in self-reported employment status or from administrative records. Health-related exit was ascertained by receipt of health-related benefit or pension or from the reported reason for stopping work. Cox regression models were estimated for each study, adjusted for baseline self-rated health and birth cohort.ResultsThere were 50 003 work exits during follow-up, of which an average of 14% (range 2–32%) were health related. Low level education and low occupational grade were associated with increased risks of health-related exit in most studies. Low level education and occupational grade were also associated with an increased risk of any exit from work, although with less consistency across studies.ConclusionsWorkers with low socioeconomic position have an increased risk of health-related exit from employment. Policies that extend working life may disadvantage such workers disproportionally, especially where institutional support for those exiting due to poor health is minimal.
Acetylation within the N- and C-Terminal Domains of Src Regulates Distinct Roles of STAT3-Mediated Tumorigenesis
Authors: Huang Chao , Zhang Zhe , Chen Lihan , Lee Hank W. , Ayrapetov Marina K. , Zhao Ting C. , Hao Yimei , Gao Jinsong , Yang Chunzhang , Mehta Gautam U. , Zhuang Zhengping , Zhang Xiaoren , Hu Guohong , Chin Y. Eugene 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of mammalian c-Src N-terminal and C-terminal domains regulate distinct functions. Myristoylation of G2 controls its cell membrane association and phosphorylation of Y419/Y527 controls its activation or inactivation, respectively. We provide evidence that Src–cell membrane association–dissociation and catalytic activation–inactivation are both regulated by acetylation. In EGF-treated cells, CREB binding protein (CBP) acetylates an N-terminal lysine cluster (K5, K7, and K9) of c-Src to promote dissociation from the cell membrane. CBP also acetylates the C-terminal K401, K423, and K427 of c-Src to activate intrinsic kinase activity for STAT3 recruitment and activation. N-terminal domain phosphorylation (Y14, Y45, and Y68) of STAT3 by c-Src activates transcriptionally active dimers of STAT3. Moreover, acetyl-Src translocates into nuclei, where it forms the Src-STAT3 enhanceosome for gene regulation and cancer cell proliferation. Thus, c-Src acetylation in the N-terminal and C-terminal domains play distinct roles in Src activity and regulation.
Significance: CBP-mediated acetylation of lysine clusters in both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of c-Src provides additional levels of control over STAT3 transcriptional activity. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2825–38. ©2018 AACR.
RIPK1 Binds MCU to Mediate Induction of Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake and Promotes Colorectal Oncogenesis
Authors: Zeng Fanxin , Chen Xiao , Cui Weiyi , Wen Wei , Lu Fujian , Sun Xueting , Ma Dongwei , Yuan Ye , Li Zezhong , Hou Ning , Zhao Hong , Bi Xinyu , Zhao Jianjun , Zhou Jianguo , Zhang Yan , Xiao Rui-Ping , Cai Jianqiang , Zhang Xiuqin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is an essential signaling molecule in pathways for cell survival, apoptosis, and necroptosis. We report here that RIPK1 is upregulated in human colorectal cancer and promotes cell proliferation when overexpressed in a colon cancer cell line. RIPK1 interacts with mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) to promote proliferation by increasing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and energy metabolism. The ubiquitination site of RIPK1 (RIPK1-K377) was critical for this interaction with MCU and function in promoting cell proliferation. These findings identify the RIPK1-MCU pathway as a promising target to treat colorectal cancer.
Significance: RIPK1-mediated cell proliferation through MCU is a central mechanism underlying colorectal cancer progression and may prove to be an important therapeutic target for colorectal cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2876–85. ©2018 AACR.
B7-H3 Negatively Modulates CTL-Mediated Cancer Immunity
Authors: Yonesaka Kimio , Haratani Koji , Takamura Shiki , Sakai Hitomi , Kato Ryoji , Takegawa Naoki , Takahama Takayuki , Tanaka Kaoru , Hayashi Hidetoshi , Takeda Masayuki , Kato Sigeki , Maenishi Osamu , Sakai Kazuko , Chiba Yasutaka , Okabe Takafumi , Kudo Keita , Hasegawa Yoshikazu , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Yamato Michiko , Hirotani Kenji , Miyazawa Masaaki , Nishio Kazuto , Nakagawa Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Anti-programmed-death-1 (PD-1) immunotherapy improves survival in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but some cases are refractory to treatment, thereby requiring alternative strategies. B7-H3, an immune-checkpoint molecule, is expressed in various malignancies. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate B7-H3 expression in NSCLCs treated with anti-PD-1 therapy and the therapeutic potential of a combination of anti-PD-1 therapy and B7-H3 targeting.
Experimental Design: B7-H3 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in patients with NSCLC (n = 82), and its relationship with responsiveness to anti-PD-1 therapy and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was analyzed. The antitumor efficacy of dual anti-B7-H3 and anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) antibody therapy was evaluated using a syngeneic murine cancer model. T-cell numbers and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Results: B7-H3 expression was evident in 74% of NSCLCs and was correlated critically with nonresponsiveness to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. A small number of CD8+ TILs was observed as a subpopulation with PD-L1 tumor proportion score less than 50%, whereas CD8+ TILs were still abundant in tumors not expressing B7-H3. Anti-B7-H3 blockade showed antitumor efficacy accompanied with an increased number of CD8+ TILs and recovery of effector function. CD8+ T-cell depletion negated antitumor efficacy induced by B7-H3 blockade, indicating that improved antitumor immunity is mediated by CD8+ T cells. Compared with a single blocking antibody, dual blockade of B7-H3 and PD-L1 enhanced the antitumor reaction.
Conclusions: B7-H3 expressed on tumor cells potentially circumvents CD8+-T-cell–mediated immune surveillance. Anti-B7-H3 immunotherapy combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy is a promising approach for B7-H3–expressing NSCLCs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2653–64. ©2018 AACR.
curácia da cintilografia com 99mTc-Ubiquicidina (29-41) no diagnóstico diferencial de infecções musculoesqueléticas e processos inflamatórios estéreis
Authors: Silva Felipe Rocha , Carvalho Larissa Araújo Dutra de , Alves Bruna Evellyn de Lima , Azevedo Ana Raquel Souza de , Campos Cejana de Mello , Netto Osvaldo Sampaio , Bittencourt Roberto José 
Published: March 2018

O diagnóstico diferencial entre infecção e processo inflamatório não infeccioso é crítico na avaliação de um paciente e sua análise por exames de imagem sensíveis e específicos se faz necessária. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é determinar a acurácia da cintilografia com 99mTc-ubiquicidina (29-41) no diagnóstico diferencial de condições infecciosas e inflamações estéreis. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados de acesso livre Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), PubMed, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Cochrane Library, Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e Health System Evidences com os descritores “ubiquicidin”, “ubiquicidina” ou “UBI” presentes no título ou resumo de artigos publicados entre janeiro de 2000 até janeiro de 2017. A análise dos artigos incluídos sugere que a cintilografia com 99mTc-ubiquicidina (29-41) é um método de elevada acurácia para o diagnóstico diferencial entre infecções musculoesqueléticas e inflamações assépticas.
Supressão de ritmo mu durante exposição a estímulos associados a ansiedade social
Authors: Mello André Amado Ferreira de , Ramos Renato Teodoro 
Published: March 2018

O chamado ritmo mu em eletroencefalografia é um padrão de oscilação caracterizado pelo domínio de frequências na banda de 8-13 Hz e 15-25 Hz. A inibição deste padrão de atividade tem sido associada a atividade de neurônios espelho em áreas motoras e pré-motoras do córtex cerebral. Neurônios espelho, por sua vez, têm sido relacionados à capacidade empática, capacidade esta que pode estar alterada na ansiedade social. O projeto teve como objetivo comparar os padrões de atividade cortical em indivíduos com níveis altos e baixos de ansiedade social durante a observação de uma cena capaz de gerar ansiedade social filmada em duas situações: em terceira pessoa (quando a capacidade empática deve ser evocada) e em primeira pessoa (quando apenas possíveis sentimentos de ameaça a si próprio devem ser evocados). O estudo envolveu 70 voluntários normais selecionados e, a partir da aplicação da escala de Liebowitz para avaliar ansiedade social e da escala EMRI para avaliação da capacidade empática, foram selecionados 16 voluntários, sendo 8 com os maiores escores nestas escalas e 8 com as menores pontuações. A análise inicial do traçado eletroencefalográfico de todos os voluntários não identificou padrões de distribuição de potência de ritmos alpha em regiões fronto-parietais, que poderia sugerir um padrão de atividade associada ao ritmo mu característico de neurônios espelho. No entanto, foi identificada uma diferença significativa na comparação entre padrões de atividade associados a observação dos vídeos em primeira e terceira pessoa (p = 0.007). Esta diferença foi também relevante em regiões occipitais, o que poderia estar relacionado à estimulação visual inerente aos estímulos apresentados. Portanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma correlação clara entre os traços de ansiedade social e empatia com uma possível atividade de neurônios espelho (por meio da inibição do ritmo mu). O estudo, porém, evidenciou uma diferença estatística significativa entre os padrões de atividade cortical associados à observação de cenas em primeira e terceira pessoa, independente dos traços ansiosos. Deve-se observar que o estímulo visual utilizado pode ter sido excessivo, induzindo atividades corticais ligadas à atividade perceptiva visual independente do significado ou do contexto que se procurou transmitir ao observador. O avanço da investigação da hipótese explorada neste projeto demandará novos estudos eventualmente incluindo pacientes com níveis clinicamente relevantes de ansiedade social e a simplificação dos estímulos utilizados.
Provisional Measures in the “Enrica Lexie” Case
Authors: Pratap Ravindra 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
“Enrica Lexie” is yet another landmark case under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos). The provisional measures prescribed by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (itlos) and the Annex vii Arbitral Tribunal share a discernibly significant commonality of result, if not a demonstrably identical approach to the issues contested between the flag state and the coastal state. There was no express finding by itlos on urgency other than in terms of prejudice to the rights of the parties. Whether the Arbitral Tribunal’s Order preserved the parties’ rights would depend in no small measure upon the nature and effectiveness of its decision on the merits. Perhaps the most important common legal development is the appreciation of human rights considerations. While their application might remain a matter of contestation, it would be difficult to characterize the Orders as unfair both for provisional measures as a temporary remedy and for their perceived bearings on the merits of the case.
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Multinational Enterprises: Towards Business and Human Rights in the Americas?
Authors: Londoño-Lázaro María Carmelina , Thoene Ulf , Pereira-Villa Catherine 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article analyses the role of the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) within a business and human rights framework. A qualitative data analysis of cases on multinational enterprises (mnes) identifies the following: that the obligations the IACtHR places upon States explicitly contemplate soft law instruments, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights; and that there exist shared obligations with companies and attempts to regulate mne conduct by establishing conditions for due diligence, such as prior consultation, benefit-sharing and reparation measures for affected communities. Therefore, IACtHR rulings may contribute to the rule of law in so far as they have normative effects on member States, but they can also prove to be ineffective given the nature of corporate conduct and certain non-enforceable responsibilities.