bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization independent dielectric metasurface for infrared beam steering applications
Authors: Abdelsalam Mostafa , Mahmoud Ahmed M. , Swillam Mohamed A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past years, metasurfaces have been of great interest due to their ability manipulate optical wavefront by introducing a phase gradient across the transverse directions of the wave. This phase gradient was usually realized using plasmonic resonators which had high intrinsic losses. Here, we demonstrate, numerically, a proof of principle of an all-dielectric silicon based metasurface at the infrared (IR) range that manipulates the wave front and achieves beam steering with significantly high transmission. The proposed cross-shaped unit cell design shows high transmission with the ability to fully control the phase of the transmitted wave from 0 to 2π. The metasurface is made of silicon cross resonators, arranged to have a linear phase gradient, on SiO2 substrate which makes the device compatible with most standard semiconductor fabrication techniques.
Direct in situ labeling of target drugs with a fluorophore probe to improve MALDI-MS detection sensitivity in micro-liter plasma
Authors: Li Yi-Shan , Lu Chi-Yu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for symptomatic relief from fever, inflammation, and chronic pain associated with a variety of human disorders. Long-term usage of these drugs can result in severe syndromes; hence, their dose should be controlled carefully and their side effects such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, phototoxicity, acute interstitial nephritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiovascular diseases, and liver injury should be considered. Furthermore, the widely used combination of NSAIDs as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs with other drugs leads to adverse drug–drug interactions. Therefore, development of a throughput method to rapidly screen 20 NSAIDs in biological samples is necessary to safeguard human health. In this work, we selected a suitable fluorophore probe coupled with in situ micro-labeling (<2 min) on stainless plate for the fast detection of NSAIDs in plasma samples at the micro-liter level (5 μL) without complicated sample preparation and separation. Every step undertaken in the protocol was also at the micro-liter level; thus, a small amount of blood collected from the human finger will suffice to determine the drug concentration in blood using the proposed method. Furthermore, the proposed method we developed was also matched the modern trends of green analytical chemistry towards miniaturization of analytical methodologies.
A network approach to cartel detection in public auction markets
Authors: Wachs Johannes , Kertész János 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompeting firms can increase profits by setting prices collectively, imposing significant costs on consumers. Such groups of firms are known as cartels and because this behavior is illegal, their operations are secretive and difficult to detect. Cartels feel a significant internal obstacle: members feel short-run incentives to cheat. Here we present a network-based framework to detect potential cartels in bidding markets based on the idea that the chance a group of firms can overcome this obstacle and sustain cooperation depends on the patterns of its interactions. We create a network of firms based on their co-bidding behavior, detect interacting groups, and measure their cohesion and exclusivity, two group-level features of their collective behavior. Applied to a market for school milk, our method detects a known cartel and calculates that it has high cohesion and exclusivity. In a comprehensive set of nearly 150,000 public contracts awarded by the Republic of Georgia from 2011 to 2016, detected groups with high cohesion and exclusivity are significantly more likely to display traditional markers of cartel behavior. We replicate this relationship between group topology and the emergence of cooperation in a simulation model. Our method presents a scalable, unsupervised method to find groups of firms in bidding markets ideally positioned to form lasting cartels.
A novel integrative approach elucidates fine-scale dispersal patchiness in marine populations
Authors: Schunter C. , Pascual M. , Raventos N. , Garriga J. , Garza J. C. , Bartumeus F. , Macpherson E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDispersal is one of the main determining factors of population structure. In the marine habitat, well-connected populations with large numbers of reproducing individuals are common but even so population structure can exist on a small-scale. Variation in dispersal patterns between populations or over time is often associated to geographic distance or changing oceanographic barriers. Consequently, detecting structure and variation in dispersal on a fine-scale within marine populations still remains a challenge. Here we propose and use a novel approach of combining a clustering model, early-life history trait information from fish otoliths, spatial coordinates and genetic markers to detect very fine-scale dispersal patterns. We collected 1573 individuals (946 adults and 627 juveniles) of the black-faced blenny across a small-scale (2 km) coastline as well as at a larger-scale area (<50 kms). A total of 178 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used to evaluate relatedness patterns within this well-connected population. In our clustering models we categorized SHORT-range dispersers to be potential local recruits based on their high relatedness within and low relatedness towards other spatial clusters. Local retention and/or dispersal of this potential local recruitment varied across the 2 km coastline with higher frequency of SHORT-range dispersers towards the southwest of the area for adults. An inverse pattern was found for juveniles, showing an increase of SHORT-range dispersers towards the northeast. As we rule out selective movement and mortality from one year to the next, this pattern reveals a complex but not full genetic mixing, and variability in coastal circulation is most likely the main driver of this fine-scale chaotic genetic patchiness within this otherwise homogeneous population. When focusing on the patterns within one recruitment season, we found large differences in temperatures (from approx. 17 °C to 25 °C) as well as pelagic larval duration (PLD) for juveniles from the beginning of the season and the end of the season. We were able to detect fine-scale differences in LONG-range juvenile dispersers, representing distant migrants, depending on whether they were born at the beginning of the season with a longer PLD, or at the end of the reproductive season. The ability to detect such fine-scale dispersal patchiness will aid in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of population structuring and chaotic patchiness in a wide range of species even with high potential dispersal abilities.
Two-parameter Hong-Ou-Mandel dip
Authors: Yang Yu , Xu Luping , Giovannetti Vittorio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA modification of the standard Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is proposed which allows one to replicate the celebrated coincidence dip in the case of two-independent delay parameters. In the ideal case where such delays are sufficiently stable with respect to the mean wavelength of the pump source, properly symmetrized input bi-photon states allow one to pinpoint their values through the identification of a zero in the coincidence counts, a feature that cannot be simulated by semiclassical inputs having the same spectral properties. Besides, in the presence of fluctuating parameters the zero in the coincidences is washed away: still the bi-photon state permits to recover the values of parameters with a visibility which is higher than the one allowed by semiclassical sources. The detrimental role of loss and dispersion is also analyzed and an application in the context of quantum positioning is presented.
Targeted exon skipping rescues ciliary protein composition defects in Joubert syndrome patient fibroblasts
Authors: Molinari Elisa , Ramsbottom Simon A. , Srivastava Shalabh , Booth Philip , Alkanderi Sumaya , McLafferty Seamus M. , Devlin Laura A. , White Kathryn , Gunay-Aygun Meral , Miles Colin G. , Sayer John A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JBTS) is an incurable multisystem ciliopathy syndrome. The most commonly mutated gene in JBTS patients with a cerebello-retinal-renal phenotype is CEP290 (alias JBTS5). The encoded CEP290 protein localises to the proximal end of the primary cilium, in the transition zone, where it controls ciliary protein composition and signalling. We examined primary cilium structure and composition in fibroblast cells derived from homozygous and compound heterozygous JBTS5 patients with nonsense mutations in CEP290 and show that elongation of cilia, impaired ciliogenesis and ciliary composition defects are typical features in JBTS5 cells. Targeted skipping of the mutated exon c.5668 G > T using antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy leads to restoration of CEP290 protein expression and functions at the transition zone in homozygous and compound heterozygous JBTS5 cells, allowing a rescue of both cilia morphology and ciliary composition. This study, by demonstrating that targeted exon skipping is able to rescue ciliary protein composition defects, provides functional evidence for the efficacy of this approach in the treatment of JBTS.
Semi-annual seasonal pattern of serum thyrotropin in adults
Authors: Santi Daniele , Spaggiari Giorgia , Brigante Giulia , Setti Monica , Tagliavini Simonetta , Trenti Tommaso , Simoni Manuela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCircannual rhythmicity in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion is proposed, whereas evidences on seasonal peripheral thyroid hormones’ fluctuation are contradictory. This study was designed to evaluate hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) seasonal secretion pattern using a big data approach. An observational, retrospective, big data trial was carried out, including all TSH measurements performed in a single laboratory between January 2010 and December 2017. A large dataset was created matching TSH data with patients’ age, gender, environmental temperature exposure, and free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) when available. The trend and seasonal distributions were analysed using autoregressive integrated moving average models. A total of 1,506,495 data were included in the final database with patients mean age of 59.00 ± 18.44 years. The mean TSH serum levels were 2.08 ± 1.57 microIU/mL, showing a seasonal distribution with higher levels in summer and winter seasons, independently from age, gender and environmental temperatures. Neither fT3 nor fT4 showed a seasonal trend. TSH seasonal changes occurred independently from peripheral thyroid hormone variations, gender, age and environmental temperatures. Although seasonal TSH fluctuation could represent a residual ancestral mechanism to maintain HPT homeostasis, the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear and specific studies are needed to clarify its impacting role in humans.
Assessment of Choroidal Thickness Inside and Outside of Vascular Arcade in Diabetic Retinopathy Eyes Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Do Jeong Kyeong , Park Jae Yong , Kim Bo Na , Kim Jae Suk , Kang Min Ji , Hwang Je Hyung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to characterise the distribution of choroidal thickness (CT) in diabetic retinopathy eyes, inside and outside of the vascular arcade, as well as at the fovea, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Forty-nine healthy eyes, 80 diabetic retinopathy (DR) eyes (59 non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) eyes and 21 proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) eyes) were examined with OCT to obtain nine horizontal lines (far superotemporal, near superotemporal, central, near inferotemporal, far inferotemporal, far superonasal, near superonasal, near inferonasal, far inferonasal) inside and outside of the vascular arcade. Nine points were chosen in 0.5-mm intervals to calculate CT, which was measured at 81 points in each patient. In the DR group, CT decreased significantly, compared with the control group, in all nine horizontal lines except central and near inferotemporal (−29.74 to −36.97 μm, p < 0.05 for all). In the PDR group, CT decreased compared with the NPDR group, in all nine horizontal lines (−6.18 μm to −34.58 μm), but this difference was not significant. In DR eyes, an overall significant reduction of CT was observed inside and outside of the vascular arcade; CT showed a non-significant decrease in PDR eyes, compared with NPDR eyes.
The transcriptome of Darwin’s bark spider silk glands predicts proteins contributing to dragline silk toughness
Authors: Garb Jessica E. , Haney Robert A. , Schwager Evelyn E. , Gregorič Matjaž , Kuntner Matjaž , Agnarsson Ingi , Blackledge Todd A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDarwin’s bark spider (Caerostris darwini) produces giant orb webs from dragline silk that can be twice as tough as other silks, making it the toughest biological material. This extreme toughness comes from increased extensibility relative to other draglines. We show C. darwini dragline-producing major ampullate (MA) glands highly express a novel silk gene transcript (MaSp4) encoding a protein that diverges markedly from closely related proteins and contains abundant proline, known to confer silk extensibility, in a unique GPGPQ amino acid motif. This suggests C. darwini evolved distinct proteins that may have increased its dragline’s toughness, enabling giant webs. Caerostris darwini’s MA spinning ducts also appear unusually long, potentially facilitating alignment of silk proteins into extremely tough fibers. Thus, a suite of novel traits from the level of genes to spinning physiology to silk biomechanics are associated with the unique ecology of Darwin’s bark spider, presenting innovative designs for engineering biomaterials.
Ability of prebiotic polysaccharides to activate a HIF1α-antimicrobial peptide axis determines liver injury risk in zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ran Chao , Ding Qian-wen , Liu Hong-liang , Xie Ming-xu , Yang Ya-lin , Xie Ya-dong , Gao Chen-chen , Zhang Hong-ling , Zhou Zhi-gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNatural polysaccharides have received much attention for their ability to ameliorate hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. However, the potential risks of their use have been less investigated. Here, we show that the exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. casei BL23 reduce hepatic steatosis in zebrafish fed a high-fat diet, while BL23 EPS, but not LGG EPS, induce liver inflammation and injury. This is due to the fact that BL23 EPS induces gut microbial dysbiosis, while LGG EPS promotes microbial homeostasis. We find that LGG EPS, but not BL23 EPS, can directly activate intestinal HIF1α, and increased HIF1α boosts local antimicrobial peptide expression to facilitate microbial homeostasis, explaining the distinct compositions of LGG EPS- and BL23 EPS-associated microbiota. Finally, we find that liver injury risk is not confined to Lactobacillus-derived EPS but extends to other types of commonly used natural polysaccharides, depending on their HIF1α activation efficiency.
Maximizing Treatment Efficiency in Developmental Language Disorder: Positive Effects in Half the Time
Authors: Plante Elena , Mettler Heidi M. , Tucci Alexander , Vance Rebecca 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
When a behavioral treatment is generally efficacious, the central research questions shift to optimized dose delivery. In this study, we determine whether a validated treatment method can be made more effective or efficient by increasing the dose density employed.

Method
Twenty children were treated with Enhanced Conversational Recast methods to treat morphological errors. Half received 24 doses per session within a half hour (approximately 1 dose/1.25 min), and the other received the same number of doses within 15 min (approximately 1 dose/38 s). Generalization of morpheme use was probed throughout treatment and at a 6-week follow-up. Spontaneous use of treated morphemes was also tracked.

Results
Although the treatment was effective overall, there were no significant differences between treatment conditions on any of the outcome measures. Follow-up performance correlated significantly with performance at the end of the treatment period.

Conclusion
Minimal between-groups differences suggest that performance does not suffer when dose rates are compressed into half the time during treatment, making the high-density dose delivery method a more efficient delivery method. This could make time available within a treatment session to address other goals or allow for more classroom instructional time for the child.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8968559
The Relationship Between Language and Planning in Children With Language Impairment
Authors: Larson Caroline , Gangopadhyay Ishanti , Kaushanskaya Margarita , Weismer Susan Ellis 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study examined the relationship between language and planning, a higher order executive function skill, in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children. We hypothesized differences between groups in planning performance and in the role of verbal mediation during planning.

Method
Thirty-one children with SLI and 50 TD age-matched peers (8–12 years) participated in the study. We assessed language ability via a standardized language measure and planning via a dual-task Tower of London paradigm with 3 conditions: no secondary task (baseline), articulatory suppression secondary task (disrupted verbal mediation), and motor suppression secondary task (control for secondary task demand).

Results
We found similar overall accuracy between children with SLI and TD peers on the Tower of London. Children with SLI executed trials more slowly at baseline than TD peers but not under articulatory suppression, and children with SLI spent less time planning than TD children at baseline and under articulatory suppression. There was a significant interaction among group, language ability, and planning time under articulatory suppression. Children with SLI who had relatively better language ability spent less time planning than children with SLI who had poorer language ability when verbal mediation was disrupted. This pattern was reversed for TD children.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for a relationship between language and planning, yet this relationship differed between children with SLI compared to TD peers. Findings suggest that children with SLI use nonlinguistic perceptual strategies to a greater degree than verbal strategies on visuospatial planning tasks and that intervention might address strategy use for planning.
Characteristic analysis and design of novel high‐frequency shell‐type coaxial transformer
Authors: Lee Yoon‐Sun , Kim Kyoung‐Tak , Park Joung‐Hu , Lee Seung‐Jae , Chung Tae‐Kyung , Ro Jong‐Suk 
Published: July 2019

Recently, power conversion systems (PCSs) have exhibited high efficiencies and miniaturisation, and this trend is expected to grow in the future. An important component of the PCS, which accounts for a significant portion of its volume, is the transformer (TR). However, it is difficult to achieve a significant increase in the efficiency and reduction in the volume of a PCS using a conventional TR, as the conventional TRs do not offer much scope for further optimisation. To overcome this limitation imposed by the conventional TRs, a novel and practical high‐frequency coaxial TR, named the shell‐type coaxial TR (SCTR), is proposed in this work. A useful and strategic analysis and design method, which covers the overall development process from the design stage to the experimental validation stage of the proposed high‐frequency SCTR, is also proposed. The usefulness of the proposed SCTR and the analysis and design method are verified by designing an SCTR for a 50 W DC/DC converter and conducting experiments on it. It is found that the use of the proposed technique can cause a significant increase in the efficiency and power density of the PCS
Improved BAQ algorithm for Tiangong‐2 interferometric imaging radar data compression
Authors: Shi Xiaojin , Zhang Yunhua , Dong Xiao 
Published: July 2019

Tiangong‐2 interferometric imaging radar altimeter (InIRA), the first space‐borne radar altimeter in the world, applying a new mechanism of interferometry with short baseline and small incident angle, can achieve wide swath and high accuracy sea surface height measuring. Comparing to traditional altimeter, InIRA can obtain SAR image of observation area, which means InIRA needs higher AD sampling rate. Due to the limitation of satellite on‐board storage and downlink speed, in order to extend the working time of InIRA, data compression algorithm for InIRA must be studied. Block adaptive quantisation (BAQ) is an efficient and widely adopted approach for space‐borne SAR raw data compression. Based on the characters of InIRA echo waveform, this study discusses compressing InIRA raw data by changing quantisation bits and size of blocks of BAQ algorithm to achieve higher compression ratio and less sea surface height error.
CAR-T-Zellen: Update 2019
Authors: Dluczek Sarah , Tretbar Sandy , Fricke Stephan , Köhl Ulrike 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie chimäre Antigenrezeptortherapie (CAR-Therapie) entwickelte sich zu einem der vielversprechendsten immunonkologischen Therapieansätze für die Behandlung von Krebs. Aufgrund der klinischen Erfolge wurden bisher 2 CD19-spezifische CAR-T-Zell-Therapien in den USA und der EU zugelassen. Die bahnbrechenden Ergebnisse weckten sowohl in der Industrie als auch in der Forschung großes Interesse und sorgten für eine rasante Entwicklung in diesem Feld.
Therapie der Sialorrhoe mit Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Bäumer Tobias , Laskawi Rainer , Spittau Björn , Steffen Armin , Winterholler Martin 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie größten Speicheldrüsen sind die paarigen Gl. parotis und Gl. submandibularis. Der erwachsene Mensch produziert 1–1,5 l Speichel am Tag, die er regelmäßig abschluckt. Die häufigste Ursache eines vermehrten Speichelflusses mit einer Ansammlung von Speichel im Mund und Ausfluss (Sialorrhoe) ist eine Störung der Schluckfunktion. Seltener kann die Ursache auch eine vermehrte Speichelsekretion, z. B. medikamentös bedingt, sein. Eine Sialorrhoe beeinträchtigt die Lebensqualität erheblich und ist oft auch sozial stigmatisierend. Die Therapie umfasst konservative Maßnahmen wir die funktionelle Dysphagietherapie, orale oder transdermale Applikation von Anticholinergika sowie, in ausgewählten Fällen, invasive Therapien wie Bestrahlungen und Operationen. Seit 20 Jahren wird auch die lokale Injektion von Botulinumtoxin in die Speicheldrüsen erfolgreich therapeutisch eingesetzt. Durch die Zulassung dieser Therapie durch die europäische Behörde darf diese Maßnahme als Therapie der Wahl bei ausgeprägter, therapieresistenter Sialorrhoe angesehen werden.