bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of yeast-based additives on rumen fermentation in high- and low-concentrate diets using a dual-flow continuous culture system
Authors: Cagliari Amanda Regina , Magnani Elaine , Loregian Kalista Eloisa , Rigon Fernanda , Casagrande Ana Claudia , Amancio Bruna Roberta , Giacomelli Charles Marcon , da Silva Juliana Bueno , Santos Veronica Lisboa , Marcondes Marcos Inacio , Branco Renata Helena , Del Bianco Benedeti Pedro , Paula Eduardo Marostegan de 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using 3 yeast-based additives as an alternative to sodium monensin on rumen fermentation parameters using a dual-flow continuous fermentation system. Ten fermenters (1,223 ± 21 mL) were used in 2 simultaneous 5 × 5 Latin squares arrangement with 3 periods of 10 d each, with 7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collections. Each Latin square assigning either a low or high level of concentrate to beef cattle diets, with 5 specified treatments: Control: no additives; Blend 1: yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), beta-glucans, fructooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides, and mannanoligosaccharides [1,600 mg/kg dry matter (DM)]; Blend 2: Beta-glucan and mannanoligosaccharide fractions from S. cerevisiae (1,600 mg/kg DM); Yeast Cells: hydrolyzed, inactivated, and spray-dried yeast cells (S. cerevisiae; 2,133 mg/kg DM); monensin (25 mg/kg DM). On days 8, 9, and 10, samples of 500 mL of solid and liquid digesta effluent were mixed, homogenized, and stored at −20 °C. Subsamples of 10 mL were collected for later determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Diets with high-concentrate showed higher organic matter (OM) digestibility but lower crude protein and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibilities (P &lt; 0.01). There were no feed additive effects for DM, OM, and NDF digestibilities (P &gt; 0.05). Total VFA concentration and butyrate concentration were higher for the high-concentrate diet (P &lt; 0.01). Conversely, pH and concentrations of acetate and iso-butyrate were higher for the low-concentrate diet (P &lt; 0.01). Treatments with Blend 1, Blend 2, and Yeast Cells had higher VFA concentrations compared to the control (P = 0.04). Blend 1 treatment exhibited higher propionate concentration in fermenters fed with a high-concentrate diet (P &lt; 0.01). In the high-concentrate diet, Blend 1 had a lower acetate: propionate ratio compared to Control, Yeast Cells, and Blend 2 treatments (P &lt; 0.01). The high-concentrate diet showed higher means for all other parameters: Microbial efficiency, N efficiency, N flow, and Bacterial N flow (P &lt; 0.01). Treatments with Blend 2 and Control showed higher rumen undegradable protein N flow compared to Yeast Cells and Blend 1 treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Our findings imply that yeast-based additives might be used as alternatives to monensin, improving ruminal fermentation and promoting enhanced sustainability in livestock.
Snaplage residue as a fiber source for finishing beef cattle under grazing: effects on residue characteristics, cattle behavior and performance, and carcass traits
Authors: de Lima Italo B G , Cruz Priscila J R , Borges Lucas P C , Gionbelli Mateus P , Ladeira Marcio M , Shike Daniel W , Casagrande Daniel R , Bernardes Thiago F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The snaplage residue presents itself as a potential alternative roughage source in finishing systems, owing to its high fiber concentration which aids in maintaining rumen health. Nevertheless, the performance of animals will hinge on both the allowance and the nutritive value it offers. This study aimed to evaluate different stocking rates of heifers grazing snaplage residue as an exclusive source of fiber on finishing phase performance. The treatments included two stocking rates (SR): i) low stocking rate (LS; 3.5 AU/ha) and ii) high stocking rate (HS; 7.0 AU/ha), which were obtained by modifying the size of the paddocks. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 48; initial body weight = 276 ± 23 kg) were assigned to 16 paddocks (3 heifers/paddock). The concentrate (87% of corn, 3.5% of soybean meal, 3.9% of cottonseed meal, 1.2% of urea, and 4% of mineral; DM basis) was fed ad libitum daily at 0600 hours. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. There was no SR × time effect (P = 0.88) on residue mass. There was less (P &lt; 0.01) total residue mass for HS than LS, and total mass decreased (P &lt; 0.01) over time. There was no SR × time effect (P ≥ 0.16) for behavior characteristics. There was no difference between HS and LS for average residue intake (P = 0.34; 0.44 vs 0.48 kg/d, respectively), concentrate intake (P = 0.84; 7.72 vs 7.78 kg/d, respectively), and daily gain (ADG; P = 0.94; 0.95 vs 0.95 kg/d, respectively), The HS treatment increased (P &lt; 0.01) gain per area (618 vs 309 kg/ha) compared to LS. No differences between SR were observed for carcass characteristics (P ≥ 0.12). The meat’s chemical composition was not different (P ≥ 0.37) between treatments. Overall, the snaplage residue stocking rate did not affect the finishing phase performance of beef heifers, but the greater stocking rate (7.0 AU/ha) increased gain per land area.
Sex-Specific Obesity Paradox in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Jung Hyo Jin , Seo Yu Jin , Jung Jiyun , Lee Jangwook , Park Jae Yoon , Kim Yong Chul , Lee Sung Woo , Ban Tae Hyun , Park Woo Yeong , Kim Kipyo , Kim Hyosang , Kim Kyeongmin , Jung Hee-Yeon , Choi Ji-Young , Cho Jang-Hee , Park Sun-Hee , Kim Chan-Duck , Lim Jeong-Hoon , Kim Yong-Lim 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Although obesity is typically correlated with adverse outcomes in various diseases, certain acute critical illnesses exhibit a phenomenon known as the obesity paradox. This study evaluated sex-specific differences in the prognostic implications of the body mass index (BMI) of patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).

DESIGN:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:
Data from eight tertiary hospitals in Korea.

PATIENTS:
A total of 3805 critically ill patients receiving CRRT. Patients were categorized into four BMI groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
There were 2308 male and 1497 female patients. The 90-day mortality risk significantly differed among BMI groups in the overall patient population and the male subpopulation but not the female subpopulation. Following adjustment for confounding variables, the 90-day mortality risk was higher in the underweight group than in the obese group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05–1.36; p = 0.006). Among male patients, the 90-day mortality risk was higher in both the underweight and normal weight groups than in the obese group (underweight: HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.53; p = 0.002 and normal weight: HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04–1.35; p = 0.010); however, no such association was observed among female patients. Subgroup analysis demonstrated the obesity paradox in male patients of old age, with septic AKI, or with low albumin levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
There were sex differences in the association between BMI and mortality in critically ill patients with severe AKI. Although the precise distribution of fat mass and muscle mass was not identified, obese male patients had a more favorable prognosis, which was not evident among female patients. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex-specific factors in understanding the complex relationship between obesity and mortality in critically ill patients with AKI.
Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Physics Enterprise
Authors: Misseldine Ryan , Kocak Ryan , Dietz Andrew , Leuenberger Ronald , Jordan David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The roles and responsibilities of radiation safety officers (RSO), medical health physicists (MHP) and diagnostic medical physicists (DMP) have evolved significantly over the past 20 years. With the availability of enterprise software systems and aggregated data platforms for various radiologic healthcare systems, the roles of these professions are expanding beyond their original scopes in managing the Radioactive Materials License (RSO, MHP) and Machine Specific Physics Testing (DMP). Workers in medical radiation safety are transitioning from siloed workers working within their specific disciplines as new emerging technology and clinical care require these roles to evolve. This paper aims to demonstrate the value in embracing the change in these roles to better serve the patients and occupational workers RSOs, MHPs, and DMPs serve. As medical physics enterprise solutions evolve, so will the relationships between these valuable stakeholders.
Long-term Follow Up of a Complex Case of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bag Implantation
Authors: Christou Louise , Coupland Sarah E , Hunter Guy , Hussain Rumana 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bag (FCVB) implant is useful in maintaining ocular structure in cases of chronic hypotony secondary to trauma or repeated surgery. There are few published reports of long-term outcomes and no indication of the chronic cellular changes of the adjacent tissues associated with FCVB implantation. We describe one of few FCVB cases in the UK and present histological findings associated with it following secondary enucleation.

Methods:
A 33-year-old man underwent a left primary globe repair following a left penetrating injury and intraocular metal foreign body secondary to a close-range blast injury. Postoperatively, a retinal detachment was detected and a left vitrectomy with lensectomy, retinectomy and silicone oil (SO) insertion was performed. Subsequently, pupillary prolene sutures were used to create a two-chamber eye. Despite this, hypotony, SO in the anterior chamber and upper limb deep vein thromboses (DVTs) occurred postoperatively. He had a complex history of Factor V Leiden with renal thrombosis in childhood. After warfarinisation, his FCVB procedure was uneventful with a good bag SO fill.

Results:
Post-operative outcomes were initially favourable; however, enucleation was necessary almost three years post-implantation due to spontaneous left hyphaema and intractable raised intraocular pressure. Histology revealed extensive intraretinal fibrotic pannus membranes, loss of photoreceptor architecture and focal foreign body-cell reaction.

Conclusions:
A complex case of FCVB implantation following ocular trauma with post-operative complications years later. Long-term outcomes of FCVBs are poorly understood; this case was complicated by the patient’s systemic coagulopathy.
Mediating Role of Financial Toxicity in the Relationships Between Health-Related Quality of Life and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Patients With Cancer
Authors: Xu Binbin , So Winnie K. W. , Choi Kai Chow , Huang Yu , Liu Mei , Qiu Lanxiang , Tan Jianghong , Tao Hua , Yan Keli , Yang Fei 
Published: December 2024

Background
Factors influencing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and financial toxicity (FT) have been found to overlap, and the robust correlation between HRQoL and FT raises the possibility that FT mediates the relationships between the shared risk factors and HRQoL. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited.

Objective
This study aimed to explore whether FT mediates the relationships between HRQoL and its risk factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 1208 participants from 12 hospitals (6 tertiary, 6 secondary) in 6 cities across 3 income-level-diverse provinces in China from February to October 2022. FT and HRQoL were measured using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—General. Twenty-two risk factors for both HRQoL and FT were included for analysis. Mediation analyses were conducted using Mplus 8.3.

Results
FT predominantly mediated the relationships between HRQoL and both annual household income and hospital level. Meanwhile, it partially mediated the relationships of HRQoL with the number of treatment modalities, social support, perceived stress, healthcare provider–patient discussion regarding cancer care costs, and social medical insurance, and the mediating effect accounted for 19.7%, 7.8%, 10.7%, 22.3%, and 46.8% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusions
FT plays a significant mediating role in the associations between HRQoL and some of its risk factors among patients with cancer.

Implications for Practice
Developing a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to cancer care that addresses the unique challenges posed by cancer-related FT is urgently needed to improve the HRQoL among this population.
Supporting physical activity for health: What activities would people with transtibial amputation like to perform?
Authors: Asher Miranda , Diss Ceri , Strike Siobhan 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Participation in physical activity (PA) for health by people with transtibial amputation (PTTA) may moderate comorbidities experienced by this population. It is more likely that interventions which aim to increase participation by PTTA in PA for health will increase participation if the type of PA used is tailored to the preferences of the PTTA.

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the types of PA performed by PTTA, the types of PA PTTA who performed no physical activities would like to adopt, and if these outcomes were influenced by the cause of amputation.

Methods:
The cross-sectional survey was accessible through an online survey tool and in paper format. It was distributed primarily at sports events and relevant locations, which support people with limb differences. A total of 115 PTTA adults (both active and those who did not perform any physical activities) completed the survey, consisting of 65 people with amputation due to traumatic causes and 50 people with amputation due to nontraumatic causes.

Results:
From all PTTA respondents, the most popular current activities were walking (N = 42), going to the gym (N = 39), swimming (N = 35), and cycling (N = 32). For PTTA who did not perform any physical activity, the most popular PA they would like to participate in were walking (N = 10), going to the gym (N = 8), swimming (N = 7), and cycling (N = 6). While there are differences in the hierarchy of popularity of different types of PA depending on the cause of amputation, these results indicate some consistencies.

Conclusions:
Walking, going to the gym, swimming, and cycling appear throughout the results, indicating a potential to encourage PTTA participation in PA for health through these activities.
The Fate of the Frozen Bone Flap: Quantitative and Volumetric Assessment Following Cranioplasty Using the Autologous Bone Flap
Authors: Cherukuri Sai K. , Van Gompel Jamie , Zheng Eugene E. , Vierkant Robert A. , Meira Pazelli Alexandre , Mardini Samir , Morris Jonathan , Sears Victoria A. , Gibreel Waleed 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
The pattern, rate, and natural history of bone flap resorption following cranioplasty with frozen, autologous bone flap has not been fully defined. The authors sought to quantify the progression and natural history of bone flap resorption.

Methods:
Patients who had craniectomy and delayed cranioplasty with stored, frozen bone flap between 2012 and 2022 were included in this study.

Results:
Ninety patients (63% male) were included, with a median age of 44.8 years (range: 4.2–84.4 y) at the time of autologous bone flap cranioplasty. Delayed, autologous cranioplasty occurred at a median time of 29.5 days (range: 2 d–10 y) from the index craniectomy. The median follow-up was 16.6 months (range: 3.4–85.4 mo). Radiographically quantifiable bone flap resorption occurred in 50 patients (56%). During the follow-up, the average percentage volume loss was 17%, with a nonlinear pattern of resorption. Following delayed, autologous cranioplasty, 11 patients had clinically significant bone flap resorption requiring secondary alloplastic cranioplasty at a median time of 13.8 months (range: 5.9–57.2 mo), with a mean percentage volume loss of 61%. Younger age was a risk factor for bone flap resorption (P < 0.05), whereas active smoking, presence of comorbidities, and number of days of bone flap storage were not risk factors for bone flap resorption. Penalized B-spline regression analysis showed that bone flap resorption followed a nonlinear pattern.

Conclusion:
Radiographically quantifiable bone flap resorption occurred in about 56% of patients following delayed autologous cranioplasty. Resorption followed a non-linear pattern. Young age is a risk factor for bone flap resorption.
UltimateSynth: MRI Physics for Pan-Contrast AI
Authors: Adams Rhea , Zhao Walter , Hu Siyuan , Lyu Wenjiao , Huynh Khoi Minh , Ahmad Sahar , Ma Dan , Yap Pew-Thian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used in healthcare for its ability to generate diverse tissue contrasts without ionizing radiation. However, this flexibility complicates downstream analysis, as computational tools are often tailored to specific MRI types and lack generalizability across the full spectrum of scans used in healthcare. Here, we introduce a versatile framework for the development and validation of pan-contrast AI models that can exhaustively cater to the full spectrum of scans achievable with MRI, enabling model deployment across scanner models, scan types, and age groups. Core to our framework is UltimateSynth, a technology that combines tissue physiology and MR physics in synthesizing realistic images across a comprehensive range of contrasts to bolster the AI development life cycle through efficient data labeling, generalizable model training, and thorough performance benchmarking. UltimateSynth is a platform for pan-contrast generalization of contrast-specific tools. We showcase the effectiveness of UltimateSynth by training an off-the-shelf U-Net to generalize anatomical segmentation across over 150,000 unique MRI contrasts, achieving robust tissue volumetric quantification with exceptionally low variability below 2%.
Comparative Analysis of Neural Decoding Algorithms for Brain-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Shevchenko Olena , Yeremeieva Sofiia , Laschowski Brokoslaw 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAccurate neural decoding of brain dynamics remains a significant and open challenge in brain-machine interfaces. While various signal processing, feature extraction, and classification algorithms have been proposed, a systematic comparison of these is lacking. Accordingly, here we conducted one of the largest comparative studies evaluating different combinations of state-of-the-art algorithms for motor neural decoding to find the optimal combination. We studied three signal processing methods (i.e., artifact subspace reconstruction, surface Laplacian filtering, and data normalization), four feature extractors (i.e., common spatial patterns, independent component analysis, short-time Fourier transform, and no feature extraction), and four machine learning classifiers (i.e., support vector machine, linear discriminant analysis, convolutional neural networks, and long short-term memory networks). Using a large-scale EEG dataset, we optimized each combination for individual subjects (i.e., resulting in 672 total experiments) and evaluated performance based on classification accuracy. We also compared the computational and memory storage requirements, which are important for real-time embedded computing. Our comparative analysis provides novel insights that help inform the design of next-generation neural decoding algorithms for brain-machine interfaces used to interact with and control robots and computers.
Hormetic curve of dietary mono- and disaccharide content determines weight gain, gut microbiota composition and cognitive ability in mice
Authors: Bartochowski Piotr , Chwastek Jakub , Zglinicki Bartosz , Pietrzyk Olga , Olech-Kochańczyk Gabriela , Szewc Monika , Bartelik Aleksandra , Torres Julio C. , Karpinski Adam , Jaholkowski Piotr , Klejman Agata , Kochańczyk Marek , Bulska Ewa , Gałęcka Mirosława , Kursa Miron , Konopka Anna , Kiryk Anna , Konopka Witold 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHormesis is defined as dose response phenomenon characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition (Calabrese & Mattson, 2017). To date, low doses of several stressors (intermittent fasting, caloric restriction or selected phytochemicals) have been shown to exert beneficial effects on health (Martin et al., 2006). In the present study, we aimed to determine hormetic factors in a series of diets used in mice. We found that animals fed high-sugar diet (HSD) or high-fat diet (HFD) containing relatively high amounts of mono- and disaccharides become obese compared to animals fed standard diet (STAND) or ketogenic diet (KD) containing low doses of these compounds. Underlying the observed metabolic phenotype may be changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, showing u-shaped features in selected species. It is noteworthy that a short-term dietary regimen of several weeks resulted in difficulties in achieving effective scores on a complex cognitive test based on spatial procedural acquisition in the HSD and HFD groups. Our data identify dietary mono- and disaccharide content (commonly known as sugars) as a critical hormetic factor with beneficial/harmful effects at multiple levels of body function.
CLE4 peptide hormone regulatesde novoshoot regeneration in potato
Authors: Gancheva Maria , Lutova Ludmila 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDe novoshoot regeneration involves reconstitution of stem cells under control of stem cell regulators. The WUSCHEL (WUS) transcription factor acts as a master regulator ofde novoshoot regeneration controlling genotype-dependent regeneration efficiency. Previously we found that potato plants overexpressing theStCLE4gene encodingSolanum tuberosumCLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED peptide hormone exhibited awus-like phenotype with inhibited growth of the shoot apical meristem. We hypothesized that StCLE4 could also modulatede novoshoot regeneration.Methods and resultsIn this study the role of the StCLE4 peptide inde novoshoot regeneration was studied by CRISPR/Cas9 mutant analysis, evaluation of overexpression effects and gene expression analysis. We found thatcle4mutation enhanced shoot regeneration in potato.ConclusionsWe have found a gene in potato, the loss of which can lead to increased shoot formation. These results can be used to improve the efficiency of shoot regeneration in potato.