bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inconsistent anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in rugby players: a source of injuries?
Authors: Wang Danping , Mahe Gael , Fang Junying , Piscione Julien , Couvet Serge , Retiere Didier , Laporte Sébastien , Vidal Pierre-Paul 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundWe are developing since 2010 with Thales and theFédération Française de Rugby(FFR) M-Rex, a new kind of rugby scrum simulator. The study questioned whether it could improve safety and protect players from injury by using it as a tool for training/coaching the packs.AimTo explore the anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during the engagement of the ruck, because these predictive neck and back muscles contractions protect the spinal cord at the time of impacts, which is crucial to prevent injuries.MethodsWe quantified the kinematics and the EMG activities in high-level front row players during their initial engagement, when scrummaging with M-Rex. All studies were performed with one player interacting with the robot, at first, and then with the three players acting together.ResultsFor most of the tested high-level players, the APA latencies were highly variable from trial to trial even though the engagement resulted in similar impacts. At time, the onset of the electromyography activity in the neck and back muscles showed latencies inferior to 50 ms or even close to zero prior to the impact , which rendered muscle contractions inefficient as APAs. We were also unable to identify clear muscular synergies underlying the APAs because of their great variability on a trial-to-trial basis. Finally, the APAs were not related to the amplitude of the ensuing impact and were asymmetric in most trials. All these characteristics held true, whether the player was playing alone or with two other frontline players.ConclusionOur result suggest that APAs should be systematically tested in high-level rugby players as well as in any high-level sport men at risk of neck and back injuries. Because APAs can be efficiently trained, our study paves the way to design individual position-specific injury prevention programme.
Prevention of sports injuries in children at school: a systematic review of policies
Authors: Göpfert Anya , Van Hove Maria , Emond Alan , Mytton Julie 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundParticipation in sports as a child improves physical and psychological health. Schools need to promote sport while protecting against injury. It is not clear whether increasing evidence on injury prevention generated from professional sport is influencing school sports practices. This study reviewed policies promoting sport safety in schools to determine whether exposure to injury risk is recognised and whether evidence based prevention and management are included.MethodsA search strategy to identify policies for children aged 4–18 years was applied to electronic databases and grey literature sources. Safeguarding policies were excluded. Included policies were critically appraised and synthesised using modified framework analysis.ResultsTwenty-six policies were analysed. Most (57.7%) were from the USA. Ten (38.5%) focused solely on concussion. Synthesis identified primary, secondary and tertiary injury prevention measures relating to people (staff, students and parents), systems, school physical environment and national-level factors.ConclusionsRobust, evidence-based policies for reducing injury risk in school sports are limited. Guidelines with the largest evidence base were focused on concussion, with other school sport guidelines showing limited inclusion of evidence. Where included, evidence focused on injury management rather than prevention and frequently applied evidence from adult to children. Guidance was not specific to the child’s age, gender or developmental stage.
Venous sinus stenting lowers the intracranial pressure in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Patsalides Athos , Oliveira Cristiano , Wilcox Jessica , Brown Kenroy , Grover Kartikey , Gobin Yves Pierre , Dinkin Marc J 
Published: June 2018

AimsWe report the cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (CSF-OP) measurements obtained before and after venous sinus stenting (VSS) in 50 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.MethodsThe CSF-OP was measured with a spinal tap 3 months before and 3 months after treatment. All data were prospectively collected and included patient demographics, weight (kg), body mass index (BMI), acetazolamide daily dosage (mg), procedural details, complications, venous sinus pressures (mm Hg), trans-stenotic pressure gradient (mm Hg), transverse sinus symmetry, and type of venous sinus stenosis.ResultsThe average pretreatment CSF-OP was 37 cm H2O (range 25–77) and the average post-treatment CSF-OP was 20.2 cm H2O (range 10–36), with an average reduction of 16.8 cm H2O (P<0.01). The post-treatment CSF-OP was less than 25 cm H2O in 40/50 patients. The average acetazolamide daily dose decreased from 950 mg to 300 mg at the time of 3-month follow-up (P<0.01). No patient required an increase in acetazolamide dose 3 months after VSS. The average weight before treatment was 95.4 kg with an average BMI of 35.41. There was an average increase in body weight of 1.1 kg at the 3-month follow-up with an average increase in BMI of 0.35 (P=0.03).ConclusionsWe provide evidence that there is a significant decrease in CSF-OP in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension 3 months after VSS, independent of acetazolamide usage or weight loss.
Does UK medical education provide doctors with sufficient skills and knowledge to manage patients with eating disorders safely?
Authors: Ayton Agnes , Ibrahim Ali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders affect 1%–4% of the population and they are associated with an increased rate of mortality and multimorbidity. Following the avoidable deaths of three people the parliamentary ombudsman called for a review of training for all junior doctors to improve patient safety.ObjectiveTo review the teaching and assessment relating to eating disorders at all levels of medical training in the UK.MethodWe surveyed all the UK medical schools about their curricula, teaching and examinations related to eating disorders in 2017. Furthermore, we reviewed curricula and requirements for annual progression (Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP)) for all relevant postgraduate training programmes, including foundation training, general practice and 33 specialties.Main outcome measuresInclusion of eating disorders in curricula, time dedicated to teaching, assessment methods and ARCP requirements.ResultsThe medical school response rate was 93%. The total number of hours spent on eating disorder teaching in medical schools is &lt;2 hours. Postgraduate training adds little more, with the exception of child and adolescent psychiatry. The majority of doctors are never assessed on their knowledge of eating disorders during their entire training, and only a few medical students and trainees have the opportunity to choose a specialist placement to develop their clinical skills.ConclusionsEating disorder teaching is minimal during the 10–16 years of undergraduate and postgraduate medical training in the UK. Given the risk of mortality and multimorbidity associated with these disorders, this needs to be urgently reviewed to improve patient safety.
Coadjoint Orbits, Cocycles and Gravitational Wess–Zumino
Authors: Alekseev Anton , Shatashvili Samson L. 
Published: June 2018

About 30 years ago, in a joint work with L. Faddeev we introduced a geometric action on coadjoint orbits. This action, in particular, gives rise to a path integral formula for characters of the corresponding group [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we revisit this topic and observe that the geometric action is a 1-cocycle for the loop group [Formula: see text]. In the case of [Formula: see text] being a central extension, we construct Wess–Zumino (WZ) type terms and show that the cocycle property of the geometric action gives rise to a Polyakov–Wiegmann (PW) formula with boundary term given by the 2-cocycle which defines the central extension. In particular, we obtain a PW type formula for Polyakov’s gravitational WZ action. After quantization, this formula leads to an interesting bulk-boundary decoupling phenomenon previously observed in the WZW model. We explain that this decoupling is a general feature of the Wess–Zumino terms obtained from geometric actions, and that in this case, the path integral is expressed in terms of the 2-cocycle which defines the central extension. In memory of our teacher Ludwig Faddeev
Dynamic Modeling and Optimal Control of a Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using Imperialist Competitive and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithms
Authors: Salehi Javad , Badr Arman Amini 
Published: June 2018

This paper addresses modeling, stability analysis and control of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind turbines (WTs). In the present work, imperialist competitive and artificial bee colony algorithms are used for optimizing parameters of controllers of a WT with DFIG. Algorithms for optimizing the controllers’ parameters are described. Based on this, an eigenvalue-based objective function is utilized to optimize the parameters. To evaluate the optimized gains, simulations are performed on a single machine-infinite bus system, and the dynamic responses of system with parameters obtained from two optimization techniques are compared.
PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: A Trailblazing and Transformative Journey
Authors: Konstantinopoulos Panagiotis A. , Matulonis Ursula A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
PARP inhibitors have transformed treatment for ovarian cancer, a cancer notable for homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies and aberrant DNA repair, especially in the high-grade serous subtype. PARP inhibitors are now approved for recurrent ovarian cancer as maintenance following response to platinum chemotherapy and BRCA-mutated (BRCAm) cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 24(17); 4062–5. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Ison et al., p. 4066
Inhibition of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 Prevents Stroma-Induced Peritoneal Metastasis in Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Jin Hyejin , Ham In-Hye , Oh Hye Jeong , Bae Cheong A , Lee Dakeun , Kim Young-Bae , Son Sang-Yong , Chwae Yong-Joon , Han Sang-Uk , Brekken Rolf A. , Hur Hoon 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is activated by fibrillar (triple-helical) collagens and collagen IV, which are major components of tumor stroma; thus, DDR1 might be a critical mediator of communication between cancer cells and stroma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DDR1 inhibition on stroma-induced peritoneal metastasis in gastric carcinoma. We analyzed by immunohistochemistry the correlation between DDR1 expression and the pattern of recurrence in gastric carcinoma tissues from a previously characterized and established gastric carcinoma patient cohort. We also cocultured human gastric carcinoma cell lines with gastric cancer–associated fibroblasts (CAF) and investigated DDR1 expression and activation. We evaluated CAF-induced tumorigenic properties of gastric carcinoma cell lines and the effect of a DDR1-specific inhibitor in organotypic cultures and in a peritoneal seeding xenograft animal model. The expression of DDR1 in gastric cancer tissues was positively associated with early recurrence (P = 0.043) and a high incidence of peritoneal recurrence (P = 0.036). We confirmed that coculturing with CAFs elevated DDR1 protein expression in gastric carcinoma cell lines and enhanced gastric carcinoma cell line spheroid formation in organotypic cultures in a tumor cell DDR1-dependent manner. Coimplantation of CAFs with gastric carcinoma cells enhanced peritoneal tumor formation in vivo, an effect that was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of DDR1.
Implications: This study highlights that CAF-induced elevation of DDR1 expression in gastric carcinoma cells enhances peritoneal tumorigenesis, and that inhibition of DDR1 is an attractive strategy for the treatment of gastric carcinoma peritoneal metastasis. Mol Cancer Res; 16(10); 1590–600. ©2018 AACR.
Factors Associated with Gastric Black Spot, White Flat Elevated Mucosa, and Cobblestone-Like Mucosa: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hatano Yu , Haruma Ken , Kamada Tomoari , Shiotani Akiko , Takahari Kosuke , Matsumoto Masatoshi , Uchida Osamu 
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Previous studies have reported a possible relevance between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and 3 new gastric mucosal changes: black spots (BSs), white flat elevated mucosa (WFEM), and cobblestone-like mucosa (CLM). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between these mucosal changes and multiple factors including PPI use. Methods: All subjects who underwent a routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) were successively enrolled. Endoscopists carried out the EGD after being blinded about ­information on patient PPI usage and determined the presence of these mucosal changes. The ratio of each factor was ­compared in cases with and without each gastric finding. Results: Out of 1,214 patients, BSs were recognized in 75 (6.2%) cases, WFEM in 59 (4.9%), and CLM in 41 (3.4%). In logistic regression analysis, PPI use was significantly correlated with all of these findings (BSs: OR 2.94; 95% CI 1.66–5.21), (WFEM: OR 3.58; 95% CI 1.94–6.61), and (CLM: OR 4.57; 95% CI 2.34–9.96), and Helicobacter pylori eradication was related to BSs (OR 3.01; 95% CI 1.73–5.24) and WFEM (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.08–4.11). Decision-tree analyses showed that H. pylori eradication was associated with all findings. Conclusions: All of the considered findings were correlated with PPI and H. pylori eradication.
Temporal Trends in Identification, Management, and Clinical Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Patterson Tiffany , Perkins Gavin D. , Hassan Yahma , Moschonas Konstantinos , Gray Huon , Curzen Nick , de Belder Mark , Nolan Jerry P. , Ludman Peter , Redwood Simon R. 
Published: June 2018

Background—
There is wide variation in survival rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and overall survival remains poor. There is an expert consensus that early reperfusion therapy in ST-elevation reduces mortality. The management of patients without ST-elevation, however, is controversial.

Methods and Results—

The Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project database is a national registry of all hospital admissions in England and Wales treated as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We examined temporal trends, over a 5-year period, of OHCAs identified by Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, admitted to hospital and treated as ACS, the interventional management of these patients and clinical outcomes. Four hundred ten thousand four hundred sixty-two patients were admitted to hospital in England and Wales with ACS. Of these, 9421 presented with OHCA (2.30%). There was an increase in OHCA cases as a proportion of ACS between 2009 and 2013 (1.79% in 2009 versus 2.74% in 2013;
P
trend
<0.001). The rate of coronary angiography+percutaneous coronary intervention increased in ACS patients presenting with OHCA (54.9% in 2009 [876/1595] versus 66.3% in 2013 [884/1334];
P
trend
<0.001). Cox proportional hazards model with time-varying exposure to coronary angiography demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality in both the ST-elevation (hazard ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.28–0.32;
P
<0.05) and non–ST-elevation cohort (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–0.46;
P
<0.001). Predictors of favorable outcome were synonymous with the selection criteria for patients undergoing coronary angiography±percutaneous coronary intervention.

Conclusions—
This observational study showed that selection for coronary angiography±percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with reduced mortality in OHCA patients diagnosed with ACS. These data support the need for a randomized controlled trial.
Multiprotein Complex With TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential-Canonical) Channel, PDE1C (Phosphodiesterase 1C), and A2R (Adenosine A2 Receptor) Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Cardiomyocyte cAMP and Survival
Authors: Zhang Yishuai , Knight Walter , Chen Si , Mohan Amy , Yan Chen 
Published: June 2018

Background:

cAMP plays a critical role in regulating cardiomyocyte survival. Various cAMP signaling pathways behave distinctly or in opposition. We have previously reported that activation of cAMP hydrolysis by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) promotes cardiomyocytes death/apoptosis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the specific cAMP signaling pathway modulated by PDE1C and determine the mechanism by which Ca
2+
/calmodulin-stimulated PDE1C is activated.

Methods:
To study cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis, we used both isolated mouse adult cardiomyocytes in vitro and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. We used a variety of pharmacological activators and inhibitors as well as genetically engineered molecular tools to manipulate the expression and activity of proteins of interest.

Results:

We found that the protective effect of PDE1C inhibition/deficiency on Ang II or doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis is dependent on cAMP-generating adenosine A
2
receptors (A
2
Rs), suggesting that PDE1C’s cAMP-hydrolyzing activity selectively modulates A
2
R-cAMP signaling in cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found that the effects of PDE1C activation on Ang II-mediated cAMP reduction and cardiomyocyte death are dependent on transient receptor potential-canonical (TRPC) channels, in particular TRPC3. We also observed synergistic protective effects on cardiomyocyte survival from the combination of A
2
R stimulation together with PDE1 or TRPC inhibition. Coimmunostaining and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that PDE1C is localized in proximity with A
2
R and TRPC3 in the plasma membrane and perhaps T tubules. It is important to note that we found that doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity and dysfunction in mice are attenuated by the PDE1 inhibitor IC86340 or in PDE1C knockout mice, and this protective effect is significantly diminished by A
2
R antagonism.

Conclusions:

We have characterized a novel multiprotein complex comprised of A
2
R, PDE1C, and TRPC3, in which PDE1C is activated by TRPC3-derived Ca
2+
, thereby antagonizing A
2
R-cAMP signaling and promoting cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis. Targeting these molecules individually or in combination may represent a compelling therapeutic strategy for potentiating cardiomyocyte survival.
A revised dichotomous key for the mangrove crab genus Scylla De Haan, 1833 (Brachyura, Portunidae)
Authors: Vincecruz-Abeledo Chona C. , Lagman Ma. Carmen A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Species identification in mangrove crabs of the genus Scylla De Haan, 1833 is problematic, due to the high intraspecific variation and the continuity of diagnostic features. To determine the hierarchy of characters that are most useful in differentiating Scylla species from the Philippines, 1,185 mangrove crabs were collected from seven sites across the Philippines. Morphological species identification was contrasted with morphometric and molecular techniques. The hierarchy of characters in the existing dichotomous key resulted in the misidentification of 245 samples. Errors stem from asymmetry in the features of the chelipeds and the continuity in the features of the frontal lobe spines. Considering mainly morphological characters, the most reliable traits were the geometric patterns in the swimming and walking legs. Nonetheless, 27 individuals with morphological ambiguities exhibited unique patterns in digested nuclear ITS-1 fragments, unreported in any known species of Scylla. A revised hierarchy of characters resulted in a 97.8% match with molecular species identification.
On the diversity of amphipods inhabiting Sargassum as well as clear areas in Kuwait coastal waters, with an assessment of the effect of turbidity and notes on their abundance, composition, and distribution: a preliminary study
Authors: Ali Mohammad , Al-Ghunaim Aws , Subrahmanyam M. N. V. , Al-Enezi Yousef , Al-Said Turki , Al-Zakri Walid , Al-Adila Hanan , Grintsov Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The distribution and abundance patterns of amphipods associated with Sargassum species were studied on a spatial scale along Kuwait’s coastal waters. Macroalgae, in particular Sargassum spp., are known to host a high biodiversity of marine fauna, particularly amphipods, when compared to non-Sargassum (“clear”) areas. Amphipods are an important component in the food web, being consumed by different stages of fish. Sargassum was sampled from four different stations in Kuwait’s waters to determine the amphipod species composition and density. Physicochemical parameters were measured at the time of sampling at each station, focusing on turbidity, as this can promote variation in the faunal distribution between areas, and it was the only non-biological factor showing a distinctive pattern between stations in this study. The objectives of this study thus were to describe the amphipod biodiversity in Sargassum communities and to measure the difference in diversity between Sargassum and clear areas, while concurrently taking into account the effect of turbidity. The most abundant amphipods represented were Pontocrates sp. (cf. arenarius (Spence Bate, 1858)), Ericthonius sp. (cf. forbesii Hughes & Lowry, 2006), Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973, and Podocerus mamlahensis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016. Among the measured physicochemical parameters, only turbidity had a significant effect on the biodiversity of amphipods (, ) with a negative relationship based on the general linear model test. The effect of Sargassum and non-Sargassum areas on amphipod diversity was statistically not significant (, ). Also, there was no interaction between turbidity and Sargassum/clear areas (, ). However, the diversity was observed to be higher in Sargassum areas of all stations as compared to their clear counterparts, except in Khairan during January 2016, where the situation was the opposite. The abundance was highest in low turbidity, particularly at Salmyia station, compared to the high turbidity conditions at the stations at Failaka and Green Island. The species composition differed as well, the number of species found being the highest in the Sargassum area of Salmyia Station and the lowest at Failaka Island (highest turbidity). Only Salmyia Station (low turbidity) contained 27 species in its Sargassum area, of which only few were present at other stations in both areas. Turbidity affected the diversity of amphipods, and diversity was higher in Sargassum areas at all stations except Khairan in January 2016, but that difference was not significant.