bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-differences in reporting of statin-associated diabetes mellitus to the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Kao David P , Martin James L , Aquilante Christina L , Shalowitz Elise L , Leyba Katarina , Kudron Elizabeth , Reusch Jane E B , Regensteiner Judith G 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is increasingly recognized as a possible consequence of statin therapy. Secondary analysis of randomized clinical trials and limited observational cohort analyses have suggested that women may be more likely than men to experience statin-associated DM. No analyses of real-world drug safety data addressing this question have been published.Research design and methodsThis was a retrospective pharmacovigilance analysis of spontaneously reported adverse drug events (ADEs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System between January 1997 through December 2023. We analyzed cases that mentioned atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin in aggregate as well as cases reporting atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin individually. DM events were identified using the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. We used the proportional reporting ratio to identify increased rates of statin-associated DM events in women and men compared with all other medications, and the reporting OR to compare reporting rates in women versus men.ResultsA total of 18,294,814 ADEs were reported during the study period. Among statin-associated ADEs, 14,874/519,209 (2.9%) reports mentioned DM in women compared with 7,411/489,453 (1.5%) in men, which were both significantly higher than background (0.6%). Statins were the primary-suspected or secondary-suspected cause of the ADE significantly more often in women than men (60 vs 30%), and reporting rates were disproportionately higher in women than in men for all statins. (reporting OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.0)). The largest difference in reporting of statin-associated DM between women and women was observed with atorvastatin.ConclusionsAnalysis of post-marketing spontaneous ADE reports demonstrated a higher reporting rate of DM-associated with statin use compared with other medications with a significantly higher reporting rate in women compared with men. Future studies should consider mechanisms of statin-associated DM moderated by sex.
Evaluation of a strategic academic-government partnership to advance COVID-19 clinical practice guidelines access and uptake in South Africa
Authors: Schmidt Bey-Marrie , Kredo Tamara , Leong Trudy Desirie D , Young Taryn , Jessani Nasreen 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAcademic–government partnerships are important to advance timely, responsive and relevant evidence for decision-making (policy, guideline, law and regulation) deliberations. Deliberate and strategic integrated knowledge translation (KT) approaches within such partnerships have been shown to facilitate evidence-informed decision-making (EIDM). We used Cochrane’s KT Framework to map and analyse COVID-19 response activities instituted by a strategic academic-government partnership to support EIDM during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa.MethodsWe used Cochrane’s KT Framework to map and analyse COVID-19 response activities instituted by a strategic academic–government partnership to support EIDM during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa. The COVID-19 response activities included coproducing rapid therapeutics reviews, engaging stakeholders with review evidence, packaging and disseminating review products, facilitating access to rapid reviews for evidence users and adapting partnership processes for rapid review production.ResultsThis paper highlights the importance of (a) authentic partnerships between evidence producers and users (motivated by context-specific goals, trust and relationships); (b) intentional and systematic stakeholder engagement to promote the rapid exchange of information; (c) using tailored, responsive and relevant KT to promote the uptake of evidence and (d) monitoring and evaluating the implementation of KT to identify lessons learnt and adaptation of KT approaches.ConclusionIn responding to future emergencies, a comprehensive KT strategy, including the expertise of KT practitioners and science communicators to make evidence and guideline recommendations accessible, should be embedded. Additionally, streamlining bureaucratic processes for approving and communicating information; identifying and addressing decision-maker capacity needs; engaging a range of stakeholders and integrating KT in usual decision-making processes, is recommended. Adequate investment by governments is needed for sustaining KT approaches that can enhance EIDM for improving public health outcomes.
Fewer relapses and worse outcomes of patients with late-onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
Authors: Fan Yuxin , Wang Zhouzhou , Wu Yuhang , Zhou Lei , Wang Liang , Huang Wenjuan , Tan Hongmei , Chang Xuechun , ZhangBao Jingzi , Quan Chao 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundTo delineate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of late-onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (LO-MOGAD) and compare them with those of early-onset MOGAD (EO-MOGAD).MethodsThis observational cohort study included 199 adult patients with MOGAD. We reviewed the patients’ demographic and clinical data and performed comparative analyses between EO-MOGAD and LO-MOGAD (onset age 18–50 and ≥50 years, respectively).ResultsAmong the 199 patients, 42 had LO-MOGAD. Compared with patients with EO-MOGAD, those with LO-MOGAD patients exhibited a significantly higher incidence of optic neuritis both at the initial attack (66.67% vs 43.31%, p=0.007) and throughout all attacks (72.15% vs 52.51%, p=0.001). Over a similar disease duration, patients with LO-MOGAD exhibited significantly fewer relapsing courses (45.16% vs 70.97%), higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and visual functional system scores at the last visit (all p<0.05). Compared with patients with EO-MOGAD, those with LO-MOGAD had a significantly lower risk of relapse (HR 0.512, 95% CI 0.268 to 0.978, p=0.034), but higher risks of reaching EDSS ≥2 (HR 2.893, 95% CI 1.524 to 5.494, p<0.001) and visual acuity ≤0.6 (HR 3.097, 95% CI 1.073 to 8.937, p=0.022). Immunosuppressive therapies significantly reduced the annualised relapse rates of patients with LO-MOGAD, although adverse events leading to drug discontinuation and hospitalisation were observed.ConclusionsCompared with patients with EO-MOGAD, patients with LO-MOGAD exhibited fewer relapsing courses but worse disability outcomes and should be actively treated.
Distinct journeys and unique stories: how individuals from multiple professions cultivate careers in healthcare leadership
Authors: Gregor Sarah , Mulholland Alannah Delaine , Brydges Ryan , Bulmer Beverly , Kangasjarvi Emilia , Onyura Betty , Lieff Susan , Ng Stella 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionStrong hospital leadership is critical to navigating the challenges of the Canadian healthcare system. Currently, physicians and nurses tend to be selected to fulfil hospital executive roles. To date, we found only limited research exploring who elsecouldor should be in these roles, or how more diverse groups of professionals navigate the journey into these roles. We sought to interview leaders from multiple professional backgrounds to understand how their career journey led them to their executive role.MethodsWe purposively sampled Canadian hospital executives with diverse professional and educational backgrounds. Through semistructured interviews, we explored their individual leadership journeys, and their experiences working with others along the way. Our team worked together to analyse data using a phenomenographic approach.ResultsFourteen executive-level leaders from diverse professional backgrounds were interviewed. Overall, we noted three main trajectories for people to become hospital leaders: the achievement journey, the unexpected journey and the practical journey. These journeys corresponded to three main identities the champion leader, the discovered leader and the pragmatic leader, respectively. We found that some individuals had multiple trajectories and identities.ConclusionsImproved diversity in executive hospital leadership may support transformational change in healthcare; however, this promise may not be automatically realised. Critical reflection on current hiring processes, career development and mentorship is warranted to support those with diverse and distinct backgrounds to enter and thrive in these roles.
CONUS+ Experiment
Authors: Ackermann N. , Armbruster S. , Bonet H. , Buck C. , Fülber K. , Hakenmüller J. , Hempfling J. , Heusser G. , Lindner M. , Maneschg W. , Ni K. , Rank M. , Rink T. , García E. Sánchez , Stalder I. , Strecker H. , Wink R. , Woenckhaus J. ,   CONUS Collaboration
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The CONUS experiment aims to detect coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE

$$\nu $$

ν

NS) of reactor antineutrinos on germanium nuclei in the fully coherent regime, continuing on this way the CONUS physics program started at the Brokdorf nuclear power plant, Germany. The CONUS setup is installed in the nuclear power plant in Leibstadt, Switzerland, at a distance of 20.7 m from the 3.6 GW thermal power reactor core. The CE

$$\nu $$

ν

NS signature will be measured with the same four point-contact high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors produced for the former experiment, however refurbished and with optimized low energy thresholds of about 160

$$\hbox {eV}_{ee}$$

eV

ee

. To suppress the background in the CONUS detectors, the passive and active layers of the original CONUS shield were modified such to fit better to the significantly changed background conditions at the new experimental location. New data acquisition and monitoring systems were developed. A direct network connection between the experiment and the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK) makes it possible to control and monitor data acquisition in real time. The impact of all these modifications is discussed with particular emphasis on the resulting CE

$$\nu $$

ν

NS signal prediction for the first data collection phase of CONUS. Prospects of the planned upgrade in a second phase integrating new larger HPGe detectors are also discussed.
Brane-vector dark matter and its connection to inflation and primordial gravitational waves
Authors: Nam Cao H. , Hung Tran N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The scalar mode describing the fluctuation of the 3-brane (the observable universe) in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime compactified on a circle is absorbed by the Kaluza–Klein U(1) gauge field, leading to a massive brane-vector living on the 3-brane. The brane-vector can be responsible for dark matter because it is odd under a

$$\textrm{Z}_2$$

Z
2

symmetry, neutral under the Standard Model (SM) symmetries, and couples extremely weak to the SM particles due to its gravitational origin. Interestingly, the brane-vector dark matter could leave particular imprints on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and the primordial gravitational waves. Hence, the precise measurements of the CMB and the observations of the primordial gravitational waves generated during inflation can provide a potential way to probe the extra-dimensions and branes which are the main ingredients of string/M theory.
Line and surface defects in 5D $$N=2$$ SCFT from matter-coupled F(4) gauged supergravity
Authors: Karndumri Parinya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study supersymmetric solutions of matter-coupled F(4) gauged supergravity in the forms of

$$AdS_2\times S^3$$

A
d

S
2

×

S
3

- and

$$AdS_3\times S^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

S
2

-sliced domain walls with a non-vanishing two-form field from the supergravity multiplet. These two types of solutions holographically describe conformal line and surface defects within five-dimensional

$$N=2$$

N
=
2

SCFTs, respectively. In the case of

$$SO(3)\times SO(3)$$

S
O
(
3
)
×
S
O
(
3
)

gauge group obtained by coupling F(4) supergravity to three vector multiplets, we find charged domain wall solutions describing holographic RG flows between two supersymmetric

$$AdS_6$$

A
d

S
6

vacua with a running two-form field supporting the line and surface defects. For a particular case of one vector multiplet with

$$SO(3)\times U(1)$$

S
O
(
3
)
×
U
(
1
)

gauge group, we find solutions describing RG flows from an

$$AdS_6$$

A
d

S
6

vacuum to physically acceptable singular geometries in the presence of defects. This class of solutions can be uplifted to type IIB theory using a consistent truncation obtained from SO(5, 5) exceptional field theory with half-maximal structures.
Kinks and double-kinks in generalized $$\phi ^{4}$$- and $$\phi ^{8}$$-models
Authors: Lima F. C. E. , Casana R. , Almeida C. A. S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Examining the

$$\phi ^{4}$$

ϕ
4

and

$$\phi ^{8}$$

ϕ
8

models within a two-dimensional framework in the flat spacetime and embracing a theory with unconventional kinetic terms, one investigates the emergence of kinks/antikinks and double-kinks/antikinks. We devote our study to obtaining the field configurations with minimal energy, i.e., solutions possessing a Bogomol’nyi–Prasad–Sommerfield’s bound. Next, to accomplish our goal, we adopt non-polynomial generalizing functions, namely, hyperbolic sine and cosine functions: the first produce BPS potentials exhibiting a minimum at

$$\phi =0$$

ϕ
=
0

, facilitating the emergence of genuine double-kink-type configurations. Conversely, the second promotes the rise of kink-type solutions.
Electrochemistry of Pt and Pd Under Pulse Electrolysis Conditions
Authors: Kuriganova Alexandra , Leontyev Igor , Smirnova Nina 
Published: December 2024

Platinum and palladium are the most suitable electrode materials for studying the kinetics and mechanism of various electrochemical processes. Consequently, their behavior in electrochemical systems has been the subject of extensive study. However, the effect of pulse alternating current (PAC) on Pt and Pd in aqueous electrolytes represents a relatively new area of research for electrochemical process technologies. It was demonstrated that employing PAC with a frequency of 50 Hz to platinum in NaOH electrolyte result in the formation of Pt particles (7.6 nm) containing a PtOx phase (0.25 ± 0.03 wt%). The dissolution of platinum in NaCl electrolyte resulted in the formation of only platinum chloride complexes. The palladium in the NaOH electrolyte was passivated when PAC was employing to Pd electrodes. In the NaCl electrolyte, the formation of Pd-PdO particles (42 ± 2 wt% of PdO) was observed. The crystallite size for Pd and PdO was 7.9 and 1.99 nm, respectively. The discrepancy in the chemical properties of two metals belonging to the transition metals of group VIII of the periodic system, which are characterized by the same space group (Fm3m), can be attributed to the combination of electronic and redox properties of Pt and Pd.
Missense Mutant p53 Transactivates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Neighboring p53-Destabilized Cells through the COX-2/PGE2 Pathway
Authors: Nakayama Mizuho , Saito Hiroshi , Murakami Kazuhiro , Oshima Hiroko , Oshima Masanobu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Missense-type p53 mutations have shown to acquire novel oncogenic roles through a gain-of-function mechanism. However, there is intratumor heterogeneity in stabilization of mutant p53 protein, and it has not been well understood about the interaction between p53-stabilized and -destabilized cells in the same tumors. We established mouse intestinal tumor–derived organoids carrying ApcΔ716, KrasG12D, and Tgfbr2−/− mutations with Trp53R270H or Trp53Null mutation (AKTPR270H and AKTPNull, respectively). Using these organoids, we found that the activation level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is significantly higher in AKTPR270H cells compared with AKTPNull cells. Notably, Wnt activation in the AKTPNull cells was significantly increased when co-cultured with AKTPR270H cells. Expression analysis revealed that COX-2 is significantly upregulated in AKTPR270H but not in AKTPNull cells, suggesting that mutant p53 induces the COX-2/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) pathway. Importantly, Wnt activation in co-cultured AKTPNull cells with AKTPR270H was significantly suppressed when treated with the inhibitor of COX-2 or PGE2 receptors EP2/EP4. Furthermore, stimulation with PGE2 increased Wnt signaling activity in AKTPNull cells. These results indicate that the COX-2/PGE2 pathway is activated in the p53-stabilized cells in the missense-type p53-mutant cancer, and secreted PGE2 may transactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neighboring p53-destabilized tumor cells in the intratumor microenvironment. Therefore, targeting stabilized mutant p53 or the COX-2/PGE2 pathway may suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling of both mutant p53–stabilized and –destabilized cells; thus, this can be a possible preventive or therapeutic strategy.

Significance:
There is intratumor heterogeneity in the stabilization of missense mutant p53, and it has been thought that only cells with nuclear accumulation of mutant p53 have oncogenic function. However, using mouse intestinal tumor–derived organoids, we show that mutant p53–stabilized cells transactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neighboring p53-destabilized cells through activating the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. These results suggest that both p53-stabilized cells and p53-destabilized cells contribute to malignant progression through interaction within the intratumor microenvironment.
Inferring laminar origins of MEG signals with optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs): A simulation study
Authors: Helbling Saskia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We explore the potential of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) to non-invasively infer the laminar origins of neural activity. OPM sensors can be positioned closer to the scalp than conventional cryogenic magnetoencephalography (MEG) sensors, opening an avenue to higher spatial resolution when combined with high-precision source space modelling. By simulating the forward model projection of single dipole sources at deep and superficial cortical surfaces onto OPM sensor arrays with varying sensor densities and measurement axes, and employing sparse source reconstruction approaches, we find that laminar inference with OPM arrays is possible at relatively low sensor counts under moderate-to-high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). We observe improvements in laminar inference with increasing spatial sampling densities and measurement axes and demonstrate the advantage of placing the sensors closer to the scalp for inferring the laminar origins of cortical sources. However, challenges remain, such as biases towards both the superficial and deep surfaces at very low SNRs and a notable bias towards the deep surface when combining empirical Bayesian beamformer (EBB) source reconstruction with a whole-brain analysis. Adequate SNR through appropriate trial numbers and shielding, as well as precise co-registration, is crucial for reliable laminar inference with OPMs.
Combination of resistant rootstock and non-fumigant nematicide for the management of Meloidogyne floridensis on tomato
Authors: Poudel Nabin , Nugraha Gema T. , Chowdhury Intiaz A. , Hajihassani Abolfazl 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Meloidogyne floridensis is one of the emerging species of root-knot nematodes in vegetable production in the Southern USA. It can reproduce on commercial vegetable cultivars that have resistance to the common tropical root-knot nematode species (i.e., M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica). The objective of this study was to evaluate the Solanum sisymbriifolium line Sis Syn II as rootstock, in combination with drench application of a non-fumigant nematicide, fluazaindolizine, for managing M. floridensis on tomato. This study was conducted in artificially infested microplots under field conditions at two different locations in Georgia, USA in 2021. Treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design with eight replications at one location and four replications at the other. The tomato cultivar ‘Roadster’ was used as the scion. Control treatments included non-grafted, and ‘Roadster’ grafted onto ‘Roadster’ rootstock (self-grafted). Our results showed that, in both experiments, Sis Syn II (reproduction factor: 0.07) significantly reduced the population of M. floridensis compared to the non-grafted (4.37) and self-grafted (6.86) controls. Similarly, the galling index was lower for Sis Syn II (0.61) compared to the non-grafted (4.13) and self-grafted (3.90) controls. Moreover, grafting onto Sis Syn II increased the average biomass and yield of the tomato in both experiments. However, fluazaindolizine drenching did not exhibit any effect on M. floridensis populations or the yield increment of tomato. Our study demonstrates that Sis Syn II is effective in management of M. floridensis. Grafting the desirable tomato cultivar onto this rootstock can significantly suppress M. floridensis population and increase crop yield.
Coup d’œil, Takt des Urteils and Verstand: The Cognitive Attributes of the Genius for War in Clausewitzian Thought
Authors: Rapin Ami-Jacques 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As a cognitive component of the Verstand (intellect, mind or understanding), coup d’œil is regarded in Clausewitzian thought as more intuitive than tact of judgement. Although this concept is not unrelated to the tactical coup d’œil of 18th-century military writers, it differs in the breadth of the conceptual system into which Clausewitz integrates it. Within this system, the concept also differs from contemporary notions of “strategic intuition” or “battlefield coup d’œil”.
Linking Projected Changes in Seasonal Climate Predictability and ENSO Amplitude
Authors: Amaya Dillon J. , Maher Nicola , Deser Clara , Jacox Michael G. , Alexander Michael A. , Newman Matthew , Dias Juliana , Lou Jiale 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that potential predictability and actual forecast skill have varied throughout the historical record, primarily due to natural decadal variability. In this study, we explore whether and how potential predictability is projected to change in the future as a distinct response to anthropogenic climate change. We estimate the potential predictability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as well as global surface temperature, precipitation, and upper-atmospheric circulation anomalies from 1921 to 2100, within a perfect model framework, using five coupled model large ensembles. We find that historical and projected ENSO amplitude changes generate global-scale shifts in climate predictability via ENSO-driven changes in the signal-to-noise ratio of seasonal forecasts, with a 10% change in Niño-3.4 standard deviation leading to a 14% change in globally averaged forecast skill at 12-month lead. This relationship suggests that potential predictability changes across much of the globe in the coming decades could be linked to anthropogenic climate change of ENSO. However, since current models substantially disagree on the sign and intensity of projected ENSO change, the trajectory of future global predictability changes cannot yet be determined. This problem is demonstrated by widely varying predictability changes seen across the five large ensembles, with models exhibiting a robust increase, robust decrease, or no significant change in predictability, depending upon their respective projected ENSO amplitude trends. Our results highlight the need for climate model development aimed at better capturing past forced and unforced changes to ENSO variability, which is necessary (if not sufficient) to constrain projected changes to climate predictability worldwide.