bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Internal Iliac Artery Embolization Results in an Unacceptably High Rate of Complications in Patients Requiring Pelvic/Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Lindvall Eric , Davis Jason , Martirosian Armen , Garcia Gustavo , Husak Lisa 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To assess complication rates in patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of pelvic/acetabular fractures with and without pelvic angiography embolization (PAE).

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Setting:
Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients/Participants:
One hundred eleven patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures that required orthopaedic fixation.

Intervention:
Retrospective analysis of outcomes in patients who underwent ORIF of pelvic/acetabular fractures with and without PAE.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Comparison of surgical wound infections, necrosis, and/or fracture nonunions between the PAE group and a control group (no PAE).

Results:
Final study groups consisted of 50 patients in the PAE group and 61 patients in the control group. Ninety-six percent of patients underwent nonselective PAE. Significantly higher complications were noted in the PAE group than in the control group (20% compared with 4.9%; P = 0.020). In addition, posterior surgical approaches combined with internal iliac artery embolization represented the highest complication rate.

Conclusions:
Patients requiring PAE and pelvic/acetabular ORIF should undergo a multidisciplinary treatment approach with the trauma surgeon, interventional radiologist, and orthopaedic surgeon before PAE being performed to decrease complications and avoid nonselective bilateral internal iliac artery embolization.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sustaining participation in multisector health care alliances: The role of personal and stakeholder group influence
Authors: Hearld Larry R. , Alexander Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Cross-sectoral collaborative organizations (e.g., alliances, coalitions) bring together members from different industry sectors to ameliorate multifaceted problems in local communities. The ability to leverage the diverse knowledge and skills of these members is predicated on their sustained participation, which research has shown to be a significant challenge.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate how alliance member perceptions of decision-making influence relate to sustained participation in the alliance and its activities.

Methodology:
An Internet-based survey of 638 members of 15 multistakeholder health care alliances participating in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Aligning Forces for Quality program was conducted. Ordinal logistic regression path analysis was used to estimate the relationship between two types of influence (personal influence and general stakeholder influence), perceived value of alliance participation, and intentions regarding future participation.

Findings:
Alliance members saw less participation value when their personal influence was believed to be lower than the influence of other alliance members (b = −0.09, p < .05). This type of influence was not significantly associated with the anticipated level of future participation. In contrast, imbalances in general stakeholder group influence was not significantly associated with perceived value, but greater imbalances were associated with a decreased likelihood of future participation (OR = 0.52, 95% CI [0.32, 0.83]).

Practice Implications:
Our findings highlight the important yet complicated task of balancing perceptions of influence; leaders must keep the desired outcomes in mind when considering what type of influence to attend to.
CRYOPYRIN-ASSOCIATED PERIODIC SYNDROME–ASSOCIATED UVEITIS AND PAPILLITIS
Authors: Ma Lina , Lee Stacey , Montieth Alyssa , Stephenson Andrew , Foster C. Stephen , Anesi Stephen D. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose:
To report a case of uveitis and papillitis in a patient with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.

Methods:
Case report. A 44-year-old white woman with a long history of inflammatory arthritis, diffuse erythematous rashes and hives, and hearing loss was referred to the Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution for an evaluation of chronic ocular inflammation. She was diagnosed with bilateral papillitis and uveitis after a comprehensive eye examination, which included dilated fundoscopy, optic nerve ocular coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and B-scan ultrasonography. She was later diagnosed with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, an interleukin-1–driven autoimmune disease, as confirmed by genetic testing. Soon after starting treatment with anakinra, a human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, she experienced rapid improvement of her ocular and systemic symptoms, including rash, uveitis, and arthritis.

Results:
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome–associated ocular inflammation in remission with anakinra 100-mg daily subcutaneous injection.

Conclusion:
Anakinra is a very effective treatment for both cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome–associated ocular inflammation.
Level of Compliance in Orthokeratology
Authors: Jun Jiang , Zhiwen Bian , Feifu Wang , Lili Lian , Fan Lu 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To investigate the level of compliance with orthokeratology (ortho-k) guidelines and the main behaviors of poor compliance to guide clinical care.

Methods:
A questionnaire was sent to ortho-k patients in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (EHWMU) in Mainland China who were prescribed ortho-k lenses after January 2013 and have worn ortho-k lenses for more than 1 year to determine the compliance rate for eight wear and care behaviors. Follow-up visit compliance was then investigated among these patients using a retrospective survey.

Results:
A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed, and 405 patients responded. The mean age of the patients was 13.1±3.9 years (range 9–22 years); 60.5% of the patients were female, and 98.3% were younger than 18 years. The full compliance rate was 14.1%, the compliance rate for wear and care behaviors was 18.5%, and the compliance rate for follow-up visits was 63.3%. The three highest noncompliance categories for wear and care behaviors were exposure to nonsterile solution, not removing lens depositions according to the eye care practitioners' (ECPs) recommendations and inadequate hand washing. No correlation was observed between the compliance for wear and care behaviors and age, sex, and wearing experience. The follow-up visit compliance rate significantly decreased from the third month to the ninth month. The common reasons for discontinuing follow-up were lack of time, no symptoms, and inconvenience.

Conclusions:
The level of compliance with ortho-k lens wear in Mainland China is not high, necessitating ECPs to stress to patients the details of wear and care behaviors, especially avoiding exposing lenses to nonsterile solution. Improving monitoring of follow-up visits, particularly within the first 9 months of wearing ortho-k lenses, is needed.
Restoring antiviral immunity with adoptive transfer of ex-vivo generated T cells
Authors: Migliori Edoardo , Chang Mark , Muranski Pawel 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
Latent viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and adenovirus (ADV) often reactivate in immunocompromised patients, contributing to poor clinical outcomes. A rapid reconstitution of antiviral responses via adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) can prevent or eradicate even refractory infections. Here, we evaluate this strategy and the associated methodological, manufacturing and clinical advances.

Recent findings
From the early pioneering but cumbersome efforts to isolate CMV-specific T cell clones, new approaches and techniques have been developed to provide quicker, safer and broader-aimed ex-vivo antigen-specific cells. New manufacturing strategies, such as the use of G-Rex flasks or ‘priming’ with a library of overlapping viral peptides, allow for culturing greater numbers of cells that could be patient-specific or stored in cell banks for off-the-shelf applications. Rapid isolation of T cells using major histocompatibility complex tetramer or cytokine capture approaches, or genetic reprogramming of cells to target viral antigens can accelerate the generation of potent cellular products.

Summary
Advances in the ex-vivo generation of VSTs in academic medical centres and as off-the-shelf blood bank-based or commercially produced reagents are likely to result in broader accessibility and possible manufacturing cost reduction of these cell products, and will open new therapeutic prospects for vulnerable and critically ill immunocompromised patients.
Headache, Chiari I malformation and foramen magnum decompression
Authors: Olszewski Adam M. , Proctor Mark R. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
With increasing use of MRI, more patients are being diagnosed with Chiari I malformation (CM1), many of whom are asymptomatic. When symptoms are present, headache is the most frequent presenting feature, although symptoms can be variable. The purpose of this review is to help primary care clinicians better understand the relationship between an individual's presenting symptoms and the presence of radiographic CM1, and to describe the expected outcomes for patients who undergo decompression surgery.

Recent findings
Recent literature has shown that asymptomatic patients with CM1 tend to have a benign natural history. For symptomatic Chiari malformation, headache is the most common presenting symptom and the majority of patients that present with headache will have symptom improvement after foramen magnum decompression. This improvement is most reliable for patients with classic Chiari-type headache, which are described as occipital or cervical and tussive in nature, but has also been shown in patients with atypical headaches who have undergone surgery.

Summary
CM1 is a common radiographic finding and associated symptoms can be variable. The relevance of this finding to a particular patient and need for intervention must be made on an individual basis.
Efficacy of the Well-Being Index to Identify Distress and Well-Being in U.S. Nurses
Authors: Dyrbye Liselotte N. , Johnson Pamela O. , Johnson LeAnn M. , Satele Daniel V. , Shanafelt Tait D. 
Published: August 2018

Background
Studies suggest there is a high prevalence of burnout and depression among U.S. nurses.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to gauge the capability of the Well-Being Index (WBI) to stratify nurse distress (e.g., low quality of life [QOL], extreme fatigue, burnout, recent suicidal ideation) and well-being (high QOL) and detect those whose level of distress may negatively affect retention or work performance.

Methods
In 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,147 U.S. nurses. The survey included the WBI and standard instruments to assess overall QOL, fatigue, burnout, recent suicidal ideation, patient care errors, and intent to leave current job. We used Fisher exact test and Wilcoxon/two-sample t-test procedures with a 5% Type I error rate and a two-sided alternative.

Results
Of the 812 (26%) nurses who completed the survey, 637 were eligible for the present analysis. Nurses with low mental QOL, extreme fatigue, recent suicidal ideation, or burnout had a higher total score (all ps < .001), resulting in less favorable WBI scores. With a 17% pretest probability of low overall QOL, the WBI score can decrease the posttest probability of low QOL to 2% or increase it to 72%. The likelihood of high overall QOL decreased in a stepwise fashion from 3.38 to 0.04, as the WBI score increased. WBI score also stratified nurses’ likelihood of reporting a recent patient care error and/or intent to leave current job.

Discussion
The WBI is a useful screening tool to stratify both distress and well-being across a variety of domains in nurses and identify those nurses whose severity of distress may negatively affect patient care and retention.
Turning Stability in Individuals With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Conradsson David , Paquette Caroline , Franzén Erika 
Published: August 2018

Background and Purpose:
Although instability during turning is a disabling feature of Parkinson disease (PD), little is known about the associated postural characteristics. Our goals were to compare turning stability between individuals with PD and healthy individuals and to investigate whether dopaminergic medication improves turning stability.

Methods:
Nineteen older adults with mild to moderate PD and 19 healthy individuals walked straight or walked and turned 180° to the right or left. The turning direction was visually cued before (preplanned) or during (unplanned) straight walking. Participants with PD were assessed off and on medication. As a proxy for mediolateral stability, we calculated the difference between pelvis lateral displacement and the lateral edge of the support base.

Results:
While healthy individuals regulated mediolateral stability in a steady-state manner during turning, mediolateral stability in PD was reduced for crossover steps (narrow steps by the foot contralateral to the turning direction) and increased for side steps (widening steps by the foot ipsilateral to the turning direction) (P ≤ 0.008). Individuals with PD turned with narrower step width (P ≤ 0.024) and smaller pelvis displacement than healthy individuals (P ≤ 0.002). Dopaminergic medication only improved mediolateral stability while using side steps to initiate unplanned turns (P < 0.001).

Discussion and Conclusions:
Turning stability was compromised in PD, but only for crossover steps with a narrow support base. As dopaminergic medication showed limited effect on turning stability, rehabilitation plays an important role to promote safe turning strategies with a specific emphasis on sustainment of a wide support base.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A236).
Nationwide Trends in the Utilization of and Payments for Hysterectomy in the United States Among Commercially Insured Women
Authors: Morgan Daniel M. , Kamdar Neil S. , Swenson Carolyn W. , Kobernik Emily K. , Sammarco Anne G. , Nallamothu Brahmajee 
Published: August 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;218:425.e1–425.e18)
Traditionally, the most common surgical care for hysterectomy has been laparotomy followed by inpatient hospitalization. Utilization of hysterectomy is rapidly evolving in the United States.
A Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wound With an Unusual Hand Injury
Authors: Cecchini Matthew J. , Shkrum Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Self-inflicted gunshot wounds are a common cause of firearm-related deaths. The appearance and location of the entry wound, other concomitant findings at autopsy, and correlation with the scene and circumstances are critical in determining the manner of death. A case of a 72-year-old man with a self-inflicted gunshot wound with an unusual injury pattern is described. There was a contact range gunshot entry in the right temple, and an exit wound was seen in the left parietal region. There was a re-entry with an associated exit wound on the left hand.
The Role of Closed Incision Negative Pressure Therapy in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Current Review of the Evidence
Authors: Singh Devinder 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Complex ventral hernia repairs (VHRs) are often complicated by surgical-site occurrences such as infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence, necrosis, as well as hernia recurrence and mesh contamination. A review of current literature was conducted to determine whether the application of negative pressure therapy to closed incisions post abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR)/VHR reduces the risk of postoperative wound complications and hernia recurrence.

Methods:
The PubMed/MEDLINE databases were searched for studies published through January 2018. Higher quality publications that met the following criteria were included: adult patients undergoing AWR/VHR; comparison of closed incision negative pressure therapy with conventional dressings; and documentation of wound complications and/or hernia recurrence.

Results:
Six clinical articles including case report, retrospective controlled review, technique modification papers, systematic review, and meta-analysis are discussed. Scientific mechanism of action and economic analysis are also included. There are no level 1 randomized prospective controlled trials directly looking at closed incision negative pressure therapy dressings in AWR/VHR patients.

Conclusion:
For patients undergoing AWR/VHR, overall current evidence supports a decreased incidence in wound complications when using closed incision negative pressure therapy dressings compared with conventional dressings such as gauze.
Awareness, Willingness, and PrEP Eligibility Among Transgender Women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Jalil Emilia M. , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Velasque Luciane , Ramos Makkeda Alessandra , Luz Paula M. , Moreira Ronaldo I. , Kamel Luciana , Fernandes Nilo M. , Ferreira Ana Cristina G. , Hoagland Brenda , Wagner Sandra , Liu Albert , McFarland Willi , Buchbinder Susan , Veloso Valdilea G. , Wilson Erin ,   for Transcender Study Team
Published: August 2018

Background:
HIV epidemics disproportionately affect transwomen worldwide. Trans-specific guidance, outreach, and interventions to increase pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among transwomen are scarce.

Setting:
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Methods:
We measured awareness and willingness to use PrEP and examined factors associated with those outcomes among transwomen in Rio de Janeiro and estimated how many transwomen would be eligible for PrEP. Data originate from Transcender study, a respondent-driven sampling survey conducted from August 2015 to January 2016. We performed regression models for PrEP awareness and willingness.

Results:
One hundred thirty-one (38.0%) of 345 participants had heard of PrEP. Among transwomen who self-reported as HIV-negative, 162 (76.4%, N = 212 with available data) reported willingness to use it and 163 (66.8%, N = 244) met PrEP behavioral eligibility criteria. Transwomen with health access in the previous 6 months who reported HIV-infected sexual partner and with 8+ years of schooling had increased odds of PrEP awareness. Lower PrEP awareness was associated with condomless anal intercourse and newly diagnosed HIV infection. Younger age and perceiving themselves at risk of HIV infection increased the odds of PrEP willingness. Lower odds of PrEP willingness were associated with concerns about long-term effects of PrEP and with difficulties in getting access to health care due to transphobia.

Conclusion:
Combination of low awareness, high willingness, and substantial PrEP eligibility corroborates transwomen as a key population for HIV prevention. PrEP is a promising and empowering strategy for HIV prevention among transwomen, but trans-specific recommendations are needed to effectively implement PrEP in this population.
Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Surgical Protocols and Facial Growth Outcomes
Authors: Pereira Rui Manuel Rodrigues , Siqueira Niedje , Costa Edna , Vale Dione do , Alonso Nivaldo 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Adequate dentofacial growth is an objective of unilateral cleft lip and palate treatment. No study exists, comparing the dental arch of 5-year-old relationship after 2 treatment protocols: one with single-stage palatoplasty and another with delayed hard palate closure (DHPC). The authors hypothesized that the DHPC protocol provides better dentofacial growth.

Methods:
A single-center, single-surgeon Randomized Clinical Trial was performed to evaluate the maxillomandibular relationships in 2 groups. The intervention group (GI) underwent palatoplasty with DHPC between ages 3 and 4 years; the control group (CG) underwent complete palatoplasty between 9 and 15 months. The authors evaluated oronasal fistulae rates.
The dental arch relationship was evaluated via blinded panels using the Five Year Old Index.
Kappa statistics were calculated to assess reliability. Trials were statistically tested with the t test and chi-squared test.

Results:
Sixty-four patients constituted the study sample. The incidence of oronasal fistulae was 9.4% (GI) and 6.7% (CG). Sixty-two models with an average age of 55 months were available for analysis. Good intra- and inter-rater reliabilities (0.73–0.93 and 0.60–0.94, respectively) were obtained. Average index scores ranging from 2.04 (GI) to 2.76 (CG) were significantly different (P = 0.007). Significant between-group differences (P = 0.006) were found in scores, 1 and 2 in the GI (74%) and CG (52%). When the distributions were compared by the median, a difference was found (P = 0.024) in score, 1 between the GI (31.2%) and CG (3.3%).

Conclusions:
Although the DHPC protocol yielded better outcomes relating to dentofacial growth, other protocols should be investigated and findings verified by other researchers.
effectR: An expandable R package to predict candidate effectors
Authors: Tabima Javier F. , Grünwald Niklaus J. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTEffectors are by one definition small, secreted proteins that facilitate infection of host plants by all major groups of plant pathogens. Effector protein identification in oomycetes relies on identification of open reading frames with certain amino acid motifs among additional minor criteria. To date, identification of effectors relies on custom scripts to identify motifs in candidate open reading frames. Here, we developed the R package effectR that provides a convenient tool for rapid prediction of effectors in oomycete genomes, or with custom scripts for any genome, in a reproducible way. The effectR package relies on a combination of regular expressions statements and hidden Markov model approaches to predict candidate RxLR and CRN effectors. Other custom motifs for novel effectors can easily be implemented and added to package updates. The effectR package has been validated with published oomycete genomes. This package provides a convenient tool for reproducible identification of candidate effectors in oomycete genomes.