bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continued misuse of multiple testing correction methods in population genetics‐A wake‐up call?
Authors: Sethuraman Arun , Gonzalez Nicolette M. , Grenier Christy E. , Kansagra Khyati S. , Mey Ken K. , Nunez‐Zavala Stefany B. , Summerhays Bryce E. W. , Wulf Gwendalyn K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPopulation geneticists often use multiple independent hypothesis tests of Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), Linkage Disequilibrium (LD), and population differentiation, to make broad inferences about their systems of choice. However, correcting for Family‐Wise Error Rates (FWER) that are inflated due to multiple comparisons, is sparingly reported in our current literature. In this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, perform a meta‐analysis of 215 population genetics studies published between 2011 and 2013 to show (i) scarce use of FWER corrections across all three classes of tests, and (ii) when used, inconsistent application of correction methods with a clear bias towards less‐conservative corrections for tests of population differentiation, than for tests of HWE, and LD. Here we replicate this meta‐analysis using 205 population genetics studies published between 2013 and 2018, to show the same continued disuse, and inconsistencies. We hope that both studies serve as a wake‐up call to population geneticists, reviewers, and editors to be rigorous about consistently correcting for FWER inflation.
Characteristics of nicotine vaping products used by participants in the 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
Authors: O’Connor Richard J. , Fix Brian V. , McNeill Ann , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Bansal‐Travers Maansi , Heckman Bryan W. , Cummings K. Michael , Hitchman Sara , Borland Ron , Hammond David , Levy David , Gravely Shannon , Fong Geoffrey T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe regulatory environment for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) varies widely across countries and this will probably affect the devices used, nicotine content and usage, and hence the ability of NVPs to substitute for cigarettes. We aimed to describe the types of NVPs used by current vapers in four countries with varying regulatory and enforcement approaches toward the marketing and sale of NVPs.MethodsData are from wave 1 (July–November 2016) of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (4CV1), conducted among a cohort of current and former smokers, and current NVP users (n = 5147 adults; ≥ 18 years) in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US) reporting either current daily, weekly or occasional NVP use. Devices were described by type, brand, voltage variability and refill capacity. Refill solutions were described by flavour and nicotine content. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were conducted on the overall sample and stratified by country. A multinomial logistic regression examined factors associated with device preference across the whole sample.ResultsThe types of NVPs used differed by pattern of use and country. Exclusive, daily vapers were more likely to use refillable pen‐shaped devices [odds ratio (OR) = 10.0] or refillable box‐shaped devices (OR = 5.4) than disposable cigalike devices, when compared with other (non‐daily/dual) users. Nearly all respondents reported using flavoured NVPs, fruit (28.3%) being the most common flavour. Refillable devices were the most popular: refillable box‐shaped devices were more commonly reported by vapers in AU (36.8%) and US (31.4%), whereas in EN (47.4%) and CA (29.7%), vapers more often reported using refillable pen‐style devices. Most users also reported that their products contained nicotine, even in CA (87.8%) and AU (91.2%), where vaping products containing nicotine were technically illegal.ConclusionsIn Australia, Canada, England and the United States in 2016, refillable nicotine vaping products were the most common type of nicotine vaping products used by daily vapers. Most daily vapers reported using flavoured e‐liquids/refills (with variance across countries) and most reported using products that contain nicotine, even where vaping products with nicotine were banned.
Heredity of interocular similarities in components of refraction: a population‐based twin study among 66‐ to 79‐year‐old female twins
Authors: Pärssinen Olavi , Kauppinen Markku , Halekoh Ulrich , Kaprio Jaakko , Rantanen Taina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine genetic influences on interocular similarities in ocular refraction and components of refraction among elderly female twins.MethodsRefraction was assessed in 94 monozygotic (MZ) and 74 dizygotic (DZ) female twins aged 66–78 years. Absolute values of interocular differences (Aniso variables) in spherical refraction (SR), refractive astigmatism (AST), spherical equivalent (SE), corneal refractive power (CR), corneal astigmatism (CAST), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) were calculated. The differences between sisters in each of the Aniso variables were calculated and graded into two categories, best differentiating the groups, here isometropic and anisometropic values. The cut‐offs for grading as isometropic were AnisoSR < 0.75 D, AnisoAST < 0.5 D, AnisoSE < 1.0 D, AnisoCR < 0.5 D, AnisoCAST < 0.50 D, AnisoACD < 0.1 mm and AniosAL < 0.1 mm. Genetic influences on these traits were investigated by comparing the prevalence of isometropic and anisometropic differences between the MZ and DZ pairs in the Aniso variables and the interrelationships between the Aniso variables.ResultsWhen the Aniso variables were treated as continuous, no significant differences were found between the MZ and DZ subjects. When the proportions of isometropic intratwinpair interocular differences in the Aniso variables in the MZ and DZ cotwins were compared, the prevalences (MZ/DZ) were AnisoSR: 68%/60%; AnisoAST: 66%/57%; AnisoSE: 87%/68%; AnisoCR: 83%/78%; AnisoCAST: 69%/35%; AnisoACD: 77%/63%; and AnisoAL: 76%/60%. The differences were statistically significant for Aniso SE (p = 0.035, Fisher's exact test) and CAST (p = 0.007). The greater homogeneity in the interocular differences between the MZ sisters supports the assumption that isometropia of different elements of refraction is genetically influenced and tending to continue up to older ages. In cases where AnisoSE was <1.0 D, higher CR in one eye was associated with shorter AL (r = −0.398, p < 0.001), thereby contributing to emmetropization, irrespective of zygosity. In the cases of AnisoSE ≥1 D, no similar influence on emmetropization was observed. The difference between sisters in AnisoSE was associated with the intratwinpair difference in Aniso AL, but not with the intratwinpair differences in AnisoCR, irrespective of zygosity.ConclusionThe higher prevalence of similarities in isometropia of the spherical equivalent and corneal astigmatism between the MZ pairs compared to DZ pairs is consistent with the view that genetic influences on the refractive elements of the eye, tending to isometropia, continue into older age. The interrelation between CR and AL tends to maintain isometropia of SE irrespective of zygosity.
Accommodation and near visual function in children with albinism
Authors: Karlén Eva , Milestad Lollo , Pansell Tony 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeAlbinism degrades visual function due to developmental disorders of the eye and visual pathways, larger refractive errors, absent binocularity and poor fixation control. Reading spectacles is commonly prescribed in our clinic and well tolerated. The purpose was to evaluate whether the accommodative response is typical or affected in comparison to a reference group.MethodsTwenty‐two children with albinism (median: 13.5 years) and 12 controls (median: 13 years) underwent a full optometric examination and an objective accommodation measurement (WAM‐5500 @ 6 Hz; Grand Seiko) in response to minus‐lens‐blur (−1, −2 and −3 D) and to a prolonged near viewing task (20 cm) for 5 min.ResultsChildren with albinism displayed less accommodation to minus lens‐blur and during sustained near viewing (p < 0.001) compared to the reference group. Higher visual acuity correlates with a better accommodative response (r ≥ 0.5; p ≤ 0.04). The subjective and objective measures of accommodation did not correlate. The habitual reading distance was always closer than the point towards which the subjects with albinism seemed to accommodate according to the measurements at 20 cm.ConclusionChildren with albinism benefits from reading spectacles due to a combination of close habitual reading distance and a poor accommodation. Objective recording of accommodation is not critical for a correct judgement of near visual function. Children already wearing reading spectacles were those with least accommodative response.
Christ
Authors: Sahinidou Ioanna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe model of God as creation’s ΟΙΚΟΣ or oikos opens up an ecological, panentheistic view of creation within God. God ‘εν’‐in whom the cosmos unfolds – echoes the trinitarian insight of relationality, immanent in God personalized in the oikonomia of creation. A holistic theology realizes that, together with all beings, we must live responsibly. This idea can evoke the religious sense that every being is valuable and that the whole forms a unity. No being can be known as inferior to another. A retrieved eco‐theological view of the scheme of things and our place in it can be a call to respect all life. To know the world neither anthropocentrically nor as isolated beings displaces humans as the central goal of creation and repositions them as partners in its process. New science helps us realize our cosmic interrelated being and a sense of the whole.
The Educational Programme
Authors: Markantonis Evangelos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Orthodox tradition does not reject the material world, but takes on material elements from the creation, and through the divine worship it offers them eucharistically to God. Through this practice, it cultivates a different ethos for humanity: the ethos of respect toward the creation, restraint of egoistic overconsumption, and awareness of personal responsibility, not only for the protection and preservation of the environment, but also for the "salvation of the whole world." This paper discusses "The Use of Plants in the Worship of the Orthodox Church," an experiential educational programme that starts with a focus on the symbolic import of plants used in the worship of the church, but goes far beyond to include the significant role of the flora in the ecosystem. This programme focuses on understanding the relationship of the church with the material world as well as the relationship of the human person with herbal ecosystems and the problems that arise due to human intervention.
Prospects for Ecumenical Ethical Witness
Authors: Iosso Christian , Stephens Darryl W. , Willer Roger A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEcumenical ethics is in need of a methodology for identifying when a common moral witness exists across communions, despite apparent dissimilarities. This essay illustrates, via the case of ecological witness, the promise of internally differentiated convergence as a conceptual catalyst for that identification. Differentiated convergence is linked here with a multidimensional account of ethics to enable close examination of the ecclesial documents of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), the Presbyterian Church (PCUSA), and the United Methodist Church (UMC) – three traditions whose diverse ethical approaches and positions historically have been sources of ecumenical disagreement and contention. This investigation results in (1) the demonstration of a convergent ecumenical witness on the issue of climate change and (2) a methodological contribution to ecumenical ethics.
The soluble fraction of soy protein peptic hydrolysate reduces cholesterol micellar solubility and uptake
Authors: Jia Hui , Tian Lingmin , Zhang Bingcheng , Fan Xin , Zhao Dayun 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPrevious studies have demonstrated that the undigested or insoluble high molecular fraction of soy protein exerts a lowering effect on serum cholesterol by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the intestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between the soluble fraction of soy protein peptic hydrolysate and dietary mixed micelles (DMMs) for cholesterol micellar solubility and uptake. The collected soluble tofu peptic hydrolysate (STPH) components, generated from hard and lactone tofu were evaluated by two in vitro models and a Caco‐2 cell model after tofu soy protein was digested, thus simulating the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that the administration of STPH effectively decreased the cholesterol solubility and uptake by 37.6% and 18.99%, respectively, as detected by the in vitro models and the Caco‐2 cell model. Current findings demonstrated the potential hypocholesterolaemic benefit of the STPH.
Estimation of filler macro‐dispersion in rubber matrix by radiometric stereo microscopy
Authors: OHSER J. , LACAYO‐PINEDA J. , PUTMAN M. , RACK A. , DOBROVOLSKIJ D. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryA new microscopic principle based on radiometric stereo microscopy is presented, which is designed for investigating macro‐dispersion of filler in rubber. The image acquisition is combined with a stereological method of estimating the volume‐weighted size distribution of the filler particles. Experimental results for carbon black filler in rubber obtained by radiometric stereo microscopy are compared with those from microtomography using synchrotron radiation, and, furthermore, a simulation study is used for evaluation. It turns out that using the new three‐dimensional microscopic method, the size distribution of the filler particles can be estimated from fresh cuts of rubber with high accuracy, and thus it is an interesting alternative to well‐established dark field microscopy.Lay DescriptionMacro‐dispersion of globular filler particles in a rubber matrix is an important quantity that depends on manufacturing parameters and influences various rubber properties. Therefore, it must be carefully adjusted during the incorporation process and investigated by industrial quality control (ASTM D7723‐18). Quality control is usually based on freshly made planar sections so‐called fresh cuts through rubber specimen. After stress retention of the rubber one obtains a rough cutting surface in which the filler particles appear as imprints or bumps, called nodges. These nodges can be made visible by classical light microscopy under dark field (DFM) illumination. The systems disperGRADER+ or the disperGRADER Alpha View were specifically designed for rubber inspection. However, it has proved to be very difficult estimating the size distribution of the filler particles from the observed white spots in the DFM image. In any case it is still necessary to compute the size distribution of the filler particles from an estimated size distribution of the section profiles. The latter is numerically unstable, i.e. small errors of the estimated size distribution of the section profiles lead to large errors of the computed filler size distribution.Applying DFM combined with filler dispersion estimation as described in ASTM D7723‐18 appears to be a fingerprint method only. For this reason, the new microscope nSPEC 3D was applied for rubber inspection. The principle used for surface imaging is based on radiometric stereo allowing for perfect three‐dimensional reconstruction of curved surfaces of fresh cuts. From this reconstruction it is possible to measure the height of particle nodges as well as their volumes. Furthermore, we present a new stereological method for estimating the filler size distribution from samples of the height and the volume of the nodges. Finally, microtomography with synchrotron radiation and computer simulation are applied to evaluate accuracy of the presented method.
Research, knowledge transfer, and innovation: The effect of Italian universities’ efficiency on local economic development 2006−2012
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Barra Cristian , Zotti Roberto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe test whether there is a link between the performance of universities, measured through a concept of efficiency, and the economic development of the regions in which they operate. Indicators of teaching, research, and third mission are considered as outputs. To handle endogeneity problems between the efficiency of universities and economic development, a system generalized method of moments and then an instrumental variable approach are used. Our findings reveal that the presence of efficient universities fosters local economic development. Knowledge spillovers occur to areas that are in close geographical proximity to efficient universities. Results are robust to different estimation strategies.
An Antiviral Factor Present in Plants of Chenopodium amaranticolor Locally Infected by Tobacco Necrosis Virus: 1. Extraction, Partial Purification Biological and Chemical Properties
Authors: FACCIOLI G. , CAPPONI R. 
Published: January 2019

In leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor locally infected by Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), 3 days after inoculation an inhibitor of virus biosynthesis was present. Such antiviral factor (AVF) has been extracted, cleared with hydrated calcium phosphate and partially purified by DEAE‐column chromathography. AVF was also present in upper uninoculated leaves of plants inoculated on the lower leaves which acquired a partial systemic resistance against a TNV‐challenge inoculation.AVF binds to Sepharose‐Concavalin‐A and is partially recovered from it by elution buffer containing 4 % α‐methyl‐D‐glucoside. AVF looses its antiviral activity when treated with alkaline phosphate, α‐glucosidase and pronase (under conditions suitable for proteolysis of glycoproteins), while it does not when treated with snake venom phosphodiesterase, β‐glucosidase, lipase and DNase. It seems, therefore to be a phosphorylated glycoprotein. Its production is inhibited by actinomycin D, and this lead to think that its formation depends on the same mechanism which is responsible for the synthesis of cellular RNA, DNA‐dependent.
Induced Resistance to Viral Infection and Soluble Protein Alterations in Cucumber and Cowpea Plants
Authors: COUTTS R. H. A. , WAGIH E. E. 
Published: January 2019

The formation of tobacco necrosis virus‐elicited local lesions led to a localized “resistance” in cowpea leaves and cucumber cotyledons with an “acquired systemic resistance” induced in cucumber first leaves, following homogolous challenge. The “resistance” was against symptom expression rather than against virus multiplication. A similar “resistance” in both species could be elicited by spraying healthy tissue with polyacrylic acid 4 days before inoculation or osmotically‐stressing cowpea leaves 24 h before inoculation.Virus‐elicited necrosis resulted in reproducible alterations to the soluble protein profile of both species. Apparently novel host proteins, termed the α and β fractions in cowpea leaves and the γ fraction in cucumber tissue were induced during necrosis, and quantitatively reduced by concomitant actinomycin D treatment. Tissue of both species showing “resistance” contained either small amounts or more often none of the apparently novel fractions and any direct involvement in “resistance” is thought unlikely. It is proposed that the tissue exhibiting a degree of “resistance” to virus inoculation has an altered susceptibility to infection. This altered susceptibility appears to be engendered by treatments (e.g. PA spraying, osmotic stressing or previous inoculations on the same plants) that reduce the turgidity of the cells to be challenged.
Effect of amino acid deficiency on precaecal amino acid digestibility in broiler chickens
Authors: Siegert Wolfgang , Ganzer Christian , Kluth Holger , Rodehutscord Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we determined whether deficient dietary amino acid (AA) concentrations influence the precaecal (pc) AA digestibility when determined using the regression approach. We mixed two basal diets. Basal diet 1 was deficient in essential AAs, whereas adequate AA concentrations were ensured in basal diet 2 by adding free AAs. Rapeseed cake and full‐fat soya beans as test ingredients were included in the basal diets at levels of 100 and 200, and 150 and 300 g/kg, respectively, at the expense of maize starch. Each diet was tested with six replicates of 10 broiler chickens each. The feed intake of the chickens that were fed diets based on basal diet 2 was similar, whereas the feed intake of the chickens that were fed diets based on basal diet 1 differed considerably. The numerical differences in pc AA digestibility determined with basal diet 1 or 2 ranged from 2.6 percentage points to 20.8 percentage points in rapeseed cake and from 0.5 percentage points to 15.2 percentage points in soya beans. Across all measured AAs, the average differences were 10.1 percentage points and 5.4 percentage points in rapeseed cake and soya beans, respectively. The differences in the estimated pc AA digestibility between the basal diets were probably caused by different basal endogenous AA losses in the digesta between treatments as a consequence of different feed intake. Adequate AA concentrations and test ingredient levels that are specifically adjusted to avoid a negative effect on feed intake are recommended for future studies.
Association Between Rural Residence and Nonfatal Suicidal Behavior Among California Adults: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Margerison Claire E. , Goldman‐Mellor Sidra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveSuicide mortality rates in rural areas of the United States are twice that of rates in urban areas, and identifying which factors—eg, higher rates of suicidal distress, lower rates of help‐seeking behaviors, or greater access to firearms—contribute to this rural/urban disparity could help target interventions.MethodUsing 2015‐2016 data on adult respondents to the California Health Interview Survey (n = 40,041), we examined associations between residence in a rural (vs nonrural) census tract and nonfatal suicidal ideation and attempt.ResultsWe found that living in a rural area was not associated with nonfatal suicidal behavior (OR for past‐year suicidal ideation = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.63‐1.20; OR for past‐year suicide attempt = 0.55, CI: 0.20‐1.48). Women living in rural areas had higher odds of lifetime suicidal ideation compared to women living in nonrural areas, but this difference was not significant (OR = 1.17, CI: 0.94‐1.44). We also found that, among individuals reporting suicidal behavior, there were few rural/nonrural differences in perceived need for treatment, such as seeing a physician or taking a prescription for mental health problems.ConclusionsOur results do not suggest higher suicidal distress or lower treatment‐seeking behaviors as explanations for the rural/urban disparity in suicide mortality rates. Further attention is needed to the unique risk factors driving suicidality in rural areas, as well as exploring heterogeneity in these factors across different rural contexts.