bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wonder Everywhere?
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although writers claimed that the microscope confronted them with the sublime, the objects studied were often surprisingly commonplace. Especially in popular settings, microscopists adapted the longstanding natural-theology trope of the divine in the commonplace to address contemporary concerns that microscopical work required attention to what was trivial, sometimes even repellent. The trope of the common wonder can serve either sacred or secular aims, as is seen in discussions of diatoms, which were both abundant and rare, common and exceptional. Microscopists discussing insects and other possibly repellant objects invoke the repulsive revealed to be wonderful to promise revelations hidden even in what disgusts the observer.
Trained Hands and Tact
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Skeptical tropes (such as patient labor) helped working microscopists manage their concerns about how microscopical observation links the embodied components of observer, instrument, and object in one dynamic, unstable system. Guidebooks for students emphasized the need for painstaking discipline in order to achieve the skilled interactions of eye, hand, and body with the apparatus of observation, perhaps especially slide preparation and the management of focus and of light. Drawing from physiological psychology, microscopists debated how the physical experience of perception, attention, and fatigue might contribute to discovery, learning, and error. Students hoped eventually to achieve tact in the skill of delicate manipulation and, through discipline and training, render this difficult practice habitual and automatic.
Soirée Form
Authors: Kennedy Meegan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The soirée was a commonplace of Victorian polite science and popular microscopical culture. Soirée form engaged aesthetic, literary, and social norms to integrate science, technology, and art, within an imagined community. In texts like Gosse’s Evenings at the Microscope (1859), the microscopical soirée was used as a literary form built on an aesthetic of miscellaneity (especially of intricate or lively objects), an ethic of sociality, and an appeal to affect, often within an explicitly imagined virtual storyspace. The fictional observer in Gosse’s text, like many others, oscillates between wonder and skepticism, romantic and realist approaches to the microscopical image. This convention was remediated as a structure for microscopical photographs and slides, book frontispieces, magic lantern slides, and microcinematic short films.
The Price We Pay for Justice
Authors: Macklem Timothy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There are many reasons to seek justice and even to permit its prioritization over other values from time to time. Yet when justice is understood as a distinct value (rather than as a name for all that is good), its claims are incommensurable with the claims of the many other values that are alternatives to it and that may be in competition with it in any given setting. That means that while it is often open to us to assign to justice some sort of regulatory oversight of the operation of other values in our lives, the assignment is an arbitrary one, born of a practical need to prioritize what has no native claim to priority. More important, it means that when we pursue justice, as we often have excellent reason to do, we pay a price in terms of the other values with which the pursuit of justice is at odds. Most obviously, we neglect all those values the realization of which depends on not keeping score in the manner that the realization of justice not only calls for but depends upon. To be just is not to be many other good things, and much that is important in our lives is lost thereby, such as the practice and pursuit of generosity, kindness, mercy, and love.
Policies, Principles, and Adjudication (c. 1977-82)
Authors: Hart H L A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A previously unpublished paper by H.L.A. Hart responding to some of the work of Ronald Dworkin and found among Dworkin’s papers. For commentary on the origins and background of the paper see Samuel Burry, “H.L.A. Hart’s Lost Essay on Policies, Principles, and Adjudication,” American Journal of Jurisprudence 69 (2024): 000-00.
Diversity on a small scale: phylogeography of the locally endemic dwarf succulent genus Oophytum (Aizoaceae) in the Knersvlakte of South Africa
Authors: Schmidt Sabrina A , Schmiedel Ute , Carstens Frederic , Rau Anna-Lena , Rudolph-Bartsch Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Oophytum (Aizoaceae) is a locally endemic genus of the extremely fast-evolving subfamily Ruschioideae and consists of only two formally accepted species (Oophytum nanum and Oophytum oviforme). Both species are leaf-succulent dwarf shrubs and habitat specialists on quartz fields in the Knersvlakte, a renowned biodiversity hotspot in the arid winter-rainfall Succulent Karoo Biome of South Africa. Quartz fields present specialised patchy habitats with an island-like distribution in the landscape. Oophytum oviforme grows in the south-western part, whereas O. nanum covers most of the remaining Knersvlakte. These species co-occur in a small area, but within different quartz islands. We investigated the effects of the patchy distribution, environmental conditions and potential effects of palaeoclimatic changes on the genetics of Oophytum.

Methods
Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of 35 populations of the genus, covering its entire distribution area, were conducted using four chloroplast DNA markers and an amplified fragment length polymorphism dataset. These were combined with environmental data via a principal component analysis and comparative heatmap analyses.

Key Results
The genetic pattern of the Oophytum metapopulation is a tripartite division, with northern, central and western groups. This geographical pattern does not correspond to the two-species concept of Oophytum. Only the western O. oviforme populations form a monophyletic lineage, whereas the central populations of O. oviforme are genetic hybrids of O. nanum populations. The highly restricted gene flow often resulted in private gene pools with very low genetic diversity, in contrast to the hybrid gene pools of the central and edge populations.

Conclusions
Oophytum is an exceptional example of an extremely fast-evolving genus that illustrates the high speciation rate of the Ruschioideae and their success as one of the leading plant groups of the drought-prone Succulent Karoo Biome. The survival strategy of these dwarf quartz-field endemics is an interplay of adaptation to diverse island habitats, highly restricted gene flow, occasional long-distance dispersal, migration, founder effects and hybridisation events within a small and restricted area caused by glacial and interglacial changing climate conditions from the Pleistocene to the Present. These findings have important implications for future conservation management strategies.
The future, before, and after: Bayesian and multivariate analyses reveal shared and unique neural mechanisms of imagining and remembering the same unique event
Authors: Raz Inon , Gamoran Avi , Nir-Cohen Gal , Trzewik Maayan , Salti Moti , Sadeh Talya , Gilead Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research shows that the brain regions that subserve our ability to remember the past are also involved in imagining the future. Given this similarity in brain activity, it remains unclear how brain activity distinguishes imagination from memory. In the current work, we scanned participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after they performed a highly unique and elaborate activity wherein they went skydiving for the first time in their lives. Multivariate pattern analysis, Bayesian inference, and a tightly controlled experimental design were used to identify the neural activity that differentiates between memory and imagination of the same events. The results showed that large swaths of the default mode network exhibited identical patterns of activity in recollection and imagination; several frontal areas were involved in imagination (but not in recollection). Representational similarity analysis revealed that the left ventral precuneus exhibited different patterns of memory and imagination. Further examination revealed that this subarea may be especially important for recollection of specific episodes. These results advance our understanding of how the critical distinction between the past and future might be manifested in the brain.
Interplay between platelets and coagulation: from protective haemostasis to pathological arterial thrombosis
Authors: Vilahur Gemma , Fuster Valentin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Haemostasis refers to the physiological process aimed at repairing vessel injury and preventing bleeding. It involves four interlinked stages culminating in the formation of a platelet–fibrin haemostatic plug that is eventually dissolved once the vessel heals. In contrast, arterial thrombosis is a pathological condition resulting from atheroma exposure, triggering the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that may obstruct blood flow, leading to the clinical manifestations of ischaemic cardiovascular disease. The following review will provide a comprehensive overview of the finely regulated endogenous antithrombotic mechanisms responsible for maintaining the haemostatic balance and preventing intravascular thrombosis. Thereafter, it will further detail the different stages and mechanisms governing the intricate interplay between the vessel, platelets, and the coagulation cascade in haemostasis, highlighting the most recent advances in platelet biology and function, to further elucidate the differential traits and players contributing to pathological arterial thrombus growth. The review will also delve into the impact of emerging cardiovascular risk factors on tilting the haemostatic balance towards a pro-thrombotic state, thereby increasing the patient’s vulnerability to thrombotic events. Finally, it will underscore the importance of early screening for subclinical atherosclerosis through advanced imaging technologies capable of quantifying plaque burden and metabolic activity since they may set the stage for an increased thrombotic risk. Implementing proactive interventions to halt atherosclerosis progression or inducing its regression at early stages is crucial for preserving haemostasis and reducing the likelihood of ischaemic atherothrombotic disease.
Controlled-source electromagnetic survey in a volcanic area: relationship between stacking time and signal-to-noise ratio and comparison with magnetotelluric data
Authors: Ishizu Keiichi , Ogawa Yasuo , Tseng Kuo Hsuan , Kunitomo Takahiro , Kitaoka Norihiro , Caldwell Grant , Minami Takuto , Serita Sohei , Ichihara Hiroshi , Bertrand Edward Alan , Heise Wiebke 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Although controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods have higher sensitivity to thin resistive bodies than the magnetotelluric (MT) method, their delineation by the inversion requires CSEM data with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This study aims to enhance the SNR of CSEM data by increasing the number of stacks. To efficiently stack long-term data, we use an EM-accurately controlled, routinely operated signal system (ACROSS), which can transmit accurately controlled waveforms by synchronizing the transmitting waveforms with a 10 MHz Global Positioning System signal. We conducted a CSEM survey using the EM-ACROSS in the Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano to demonstrate that the SNR can be improved by extensive observation data and the CSEM inversion can delineate hydrothermal systems, including resistive bodies of vapour-rich reservoirs. Our EM-ACROSS simultaneously transmitted waveforms from two dipoles during a 192-h of the survey; five-component receivers located 4–6 km away from the transmitter captured EM-ACROSS signals ranging between 146 and 192 h. By stacking extensive observation data using a weighted method, the CSEM responses show minimal error levels, with standard errors &lt;2 per cent for most frequencies. The SNR roughly followed the square root of the stacking times. 3-D inversion of the collected CSEM data delineated a relatively resistive body, interpreted as a vapour-dominated reservoir below a cap-rock layer, while the MT inversion failed to recover the same. This highlights the ability of an EM-ACROSS-based CSEM survey to delineate hydrothermal systems including vapour-dominated reservoirs, and provides a compelling rationale for establishing CSEM as a standard methodology in hydrothermal imaging. Furthermore, this study suggests that the enhanced imaging capabilities of CSEM data can be further improved when integrated with MT data.
Symbols of National Importance, Article 6ter Paris Convention and Public Policy and Morality: Ukraine’s State Border Guard Service Before the General Court in T-82/24 ‒ RUSSIAN WARSHIP
Authors: Oprysk Liliia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
24 February 2022, the day that Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, caught many by surprise and prompted an unprecedented use of the Ukrainian flag and other national symbols by public authorities and private entities across the globe. Public attention also led to a spike in applications for trademark registrations of such symbols, including at the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). One of these applications, notably made on behalf of Ukraine’s State Border Guard Service, reached the General Court. The application does not concern a state emblem communicated under Art. 6ter Paris Convention but it certainly does involve a symbol of national importance. While, nearly a hundred years after the adoption of Art. 6ter in 1925, the issue of use and trademark registration of various symbols of national importance is not an exclusive domain of public authorities, it is of interest to society at large, as the public reaction to (over)use of such symbols demonstrates. The article discusses the T-82/24 – RUSSIAN WARSHIP case in light of the cross-border treatment of symbols of national importance under trademark law and the ongoing discussions in Ukraine and at the WIPO. It deals with the prohibition of trademark registration of state symbols and the role of public policy and morality, including in the EUIPO examination of applications made in connection with Russia’s full-scale invasion. The article also reflects more broadly on the treatment of symbols of national importance and the implications of the cross-border use of such symbols for examinations at the EUIPO.
Barriers to integration of health and equity into urban design policies in Regina, Saskatchewan
Authors: Mahani Akram , Lyeo Joonsoo Sean , Fung Agnes , Husack Kelly , Muhajarine Nazeem , Diener Tania , Brown Chelsea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although there is extensive literature on the impact of urban design on health, little is known about the barriers to integrating health into urban design policies. As cities increasingly lead efforts to improve health equity and population health, understanding the perspectives and experiences of municipal actors on health and equity is essential. To address this gap, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 stakeholders engaged with urban design policy- and decision-making at the City of Regina in Saskatchewan, Canada. We analysed our data using a qualitative thematic framework. Our research uncovered a lack of shared understanding of health among municipal actors. Interviewees identified several barriers to integrating health and equity in urban design policies, including inaccessibility of evidence; insufficient resourcing; fragmented governance structure; limited legal power of local governments in Canada; a deeply ingrained culture of individualism and lack of representation. Our findings underscore the importance of adopting an integrated and holistic approach for healthy and equitable urban design. As urbanization continues to bring a greater share of the world’s population into urban areas, it is crucial to understand how municipal governance can foster environments that promote residents’ well-being.
Gonadal hormone abnormalities in young patients with first-episode schizophrenia
Authors: Hu Qiang , Wang Jindong , Liang Jing , Xiu Meihong , Zhang Shuangli , Wu Fengchun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Gonadal hormones have been reported to be involved in the molecular mechanisms of schizophrenia (SCH). However, only a few studies have examined the gonadal hormone dysfunctions in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients, in particular in young patients with SCH. This study was designed to investigate the sex differences in gonadal hormones in young and antipsychotic-naïve FES patients.

Methods
One hundred and sixty-two patients with SCH and 74 healthy controls were recruited, and blood gonadal hormones, including estradiol (E2), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (PROG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (TESTO), were measured in young FES patients and controls.

Results
We found that both male and female young FES patients showed gonadal hormone disturbances at the onset of psychosis. Male patients exhibited a significantly higher rate of abnormal E2 (25.6% vs 3.9%), while female patients had higher rates of abnormal FSH (0% vs 5.3%), PROG (0% vs 21.1%), LH (3.5% vs 17.1%), and TESTO (3.5% vs 13.2%) (all P &lt; .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis further identified that specific gonadal hormone indices, including E2, LH, and TESTO, were factors associated with sex differences in young FES patients, after controlling for age, smoking status, and body mass index.

Conclusions
Our study reveals an overall gonadal hormone imbalance in young antipsychotic-naïve FES patients, highlighting sex differences at the onset of psychosis. Our study provides a foundation for further research into the role of gonadal hormones in the pathophysiology of SCH and the potential for personalized medicine approaches based on hormonal balance. Future studies were warranted to explore these differences and their implications for clinical practice to improve the treatment outcomes for individuals suffering from SCH.
Establishment of epidemiological cut-off values of etimicin: a new fourth-generation aminoglycoside, against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Zhang Ge , Luo Zhengyu , Yang Qiwen , Kang Wei , Zhang Jingjia , Li Jin , Wang Tong , Lin Jie , Yu Yunsong , Zhuo Chuyue , Zhuo Chao , Wang Qihui , Chu Yunzhuo , Chen Zhongju , Sun Ziyong , Guo Dan , Zhang Li , Xu Yingchun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values of etimicin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods
We selected 1500 isolates from five hospitals throughout five cities in China spanning from January 2018 to December 2021 in the study. Minimal inhibit concentrations (MICs) of etimicin were determined using the broth microdilution method. ECOFFs of etimicin against six species were calculated using ECOFFinder software and visual estimation following EUCAST principles.

Results
MICs of etimicin were distributed from 0.064 to &gt;128 mg/L for S. aureus, from 0.125 to &gt;128 mg/L for P. aeruginosa, from 0.25 to &gt;128 mg/L for K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis and A. baumannii, and from 0.5 to &gt;128 mg/L for E. coli. The MIC ECOFF of etimicin was 2 mg/L for K. pneumoniae, 8 mg/L for E. coli and P. mirabilis, 16 mg/L for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, and the tentative ECOFF (TECOFF) of etimicin was 2 mg/L for S. aureus.

Conclusions
(T)ECOFFs of etimicin against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and S. aureus were determined, which will be helpful to differentiate wild-type strains.
Efficacy of nintedanib as a host-directed therapy candidate in the treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Li Xinda , Qi Xueting , Wang Bin , Fu Lei , Chen Xi , Luo Xiaoyi , Chen Xiaoyou , Lu Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The lengthy duration and high frequency of drug resistance associated with currently used antimycobacterial drug treatments have intensified the need for alternative therapies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB.

Methods
MICs and intracellular macrophage cfu counts were tested to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nintedanib and pirfenidone against drug-susceptible and -resistant M. tuberculosis. A chronic murine model of pulmonary infection was used to assay the therapeutic efficacy of nintedanib. Macrophage transcriptome deep sequencing, a confocal assay, siRNA knockdown, Western blotting, quantitative RT–PCR and a cfu assay were used to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of nintedanib.

Results
The MIC90 of nintedanib against M. tuberculosis standard strain H37Rv was 23.56–40.51 mg/L. TB murine model studies showed that nintedanib, coadministered with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, shortened treatment duration, and ameliorated pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. In mechanism studies, transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that nintedanib may eliminate M. tuberculosis through up-regulating macrophage autophagy. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy by using siRNA targeting ATG5 or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine almost completely abolished nintedanib-mediated suppression of M. tuberculosis. Nintedanib induced autophagy by the JAK2/STAT3/Beclin1 pathway. When JAK2 or Beclin1 were knocked down through siRNA, nintedanib no longer inhibited M. tuberculosis. JAK2 activator coumermycin A1 and STAT3 agonist colivelin also reversed this phenotype.

Conclusions
In vitro activity of nintedanib against drug-susceptible and -resistant M. tuberculosis and efficacy in murine infections warrant the continued clinical evaluation of nintedanib as a new adjuvant therapy for standard treatment of TB.
Effects of plant crown characteristics on dispersal kernels of wind-dispersed seeds under low wind speeds
Authors: Qin Xuanping , Liang Wei , Liu Minghu , Xin Zhiming , Wang Zhigang , Zhou Quanlai , Tian Liang , Zong Lu , Zhu Jinlei , Liu Zhimin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plant crown can affect the seed dispersal process. Clarifying the influence of plant crown type on seed dispersal kernel is important for predicting species distribution. However, the impact of different plant crown types on seed dispersal has rarely been tested. To determine the effect of plant crown type on seed dispersal kernel, we conducted wind tunnel experiments in which we investigated seed dispersal average distance, range, kurtosis and skewness of 29 species with different diaspore traits (type of appendage, mass, projected area, shape index, wing loading and terminal velocity) under 3 wind speeds (2, 4 and 6 m•s-1) for seed passing through different crown types (classified based on crown size, branch density and with or without leaves). We fit functions to the seed dispersal distance and found that the Gaussian function had the best fit. Plant crown type had significant effects on dispersal kurtosis and skewness, but not on dispersal average distance and range, of seeds passing through it under low wind speed condition. Width and branch density of plant crown affected dispersal kurtosis, and leaves of plant crown influenced kurtosis and skewness. Increase in wind speed reduced the influence of planting crown on the dispersal kurtosis and skewness. Plant crown had no significant effect on average seed dispersal distance but affected seed dispersal kernel shape, so, the dispersal range of seeds through different plants is invariant while the density of dispersal varies greatly. The information could be helpful for understanding plant metapopulation dynamics.