bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive carbon priming, microbial response and biochar persistence in a Vertisol with varied inputs of biochar and labile organic matter
Authors: Fang Yunying , Singh Bhupinder P. , Nazaries Loïc , Keith Alexander , Tavakkoli Ehsan , Wilson Neil , Singh Balwant 
Published: March 2019

There has been great interest in biochar application to soil for long‐term carbon (C) sequestration. However, the interactive priming of organic C mineralization, including shifts in microbial community structure and the persistence of biochar in a clayey soil amended with biochar and labile organic matter (LOM) over a relatively long period (i.e. years) remain poorly understood. A 2‐year incubation study was carried out with δ13C‐depleted biochars produced from Eucalyptus saligna Sm. wood biomass at 450 and 550°C. Each of the biochars (at 2%, w/w) in combination with LOM, such as sugarcane residue at input rates of 0, 1, 2 or 4% w/w, were mixed with a C4‐dominated Vertisol. The interactive effect of biochar and LOM on the structure of the microbial community was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). Our results showed that at the small LOM rates (0 and 1%), there was a positive priming effect of biochar on organic C in soil (i.e. native soil organic C (SOC) + LOM‐C)), which shifted to being negative when the LOM input was increased to 2 or 4%. Over the 2 years, mineralization of C from the 450°C biochar (1.2–1.7%) was significantly greater than that for 550°C biochar (0.6–1.0%), and the positively primed mineralization of biochar‐C by LOM was enhanced by the increasing rates of LOM input. The negative priming of native SOC + LOM‐C mineralization by biochar was greater at large than small inputs of LOM, which would have been facilitated by greater shifting in fungal communities, while enhancing biochar‐C mineralization and possibly soil aggregation. In conclusion, over the long term, the amount of LOM stabilized by biochar was greater than that of positively primed biochar‐C mineralization by LOM, in particular at the large LOM input. Biochar can persist in soil on a centennial scale and decreases the turnover of native SOC + LOM‐C over the long term, whereas LOM input can shift microbial communities, favouring LOM stabilization in the biochar‐amended Vertisol.Highlights

Do C priming, biochar persistence and microbial response change 2 years after biochar–LOM inputs?
Examined interactive C priming (stable‐C isotope), microbial community structure and biochar MRT.
Priming of SOC ± LOM‐C by biochar and vice‐versa increased with LOM inputs.
Biochar–LOM interaction (2‐year) shifted microorganisms, favouring LOM‐C stabilization in a Vertisol.
Common trends in recruitment dynamics of north‐east Atlantic fish stocks and their links to environment, ecology and management
Authors: Zimmermann Fabian , Claireaux Marion , Enberg Katja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecruitment dynamics are challenging to assess or predict because of the many underlying drivers that vary in their relevance over time and space. Stock size, demographic and trait composition, condition and distribution of spawning fish and the spatio‐temporal dynamics of trophic and environmental interactions all influence recruitment processes. Exploring common patterns among stocks and linking them to potential drivers may therefore provide insights into key mechanisms of recruitment dynamics. Here, we analysed stock‐recruitment data of 64 stocks from the north‐east Atlantic Ocean for common trends in variation and synchrony among stocks using correlation, cluster and dynamic factor analyses. We tested common trends in recruitment success for relationships with large‐scale environmental processes as well as stock state indicators, and we explored links between recruitment success and demographic, environmental and ecological variables for a subset of individual stocks. The results revealed few statistically significant correlations between stocks but showed that underlying common trends in recruitment success are linked to environmental indices and management indicators. Statistical analyses confirmed previously suggested relationships of environmental–ecological factors such as the subpolar gyre and Norwegian coastal current with specific stocks, and indicated a large relevance of spawning stock biomass and demographics, as well as predation, whereas other suggested relationships were not supported by the data. Our study shows that despite persistent challenges in determining drivers of recruitment due to poor data quality and unclear mechanisms, combining different data analysis techniques can improve our understanding of recruitment dynamics in fish stocks.
Director overconfidence
Authors: Beavers Randy , Mobbs Shawn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine overconfident chief executive officer (CEO) directors and find they attend more board meetings, are more likely to serve on the nominating or the compensation committee, have more independent directorships, and foster higher attendance rates on boards. Boards with overconfident directors are more likely to appoint a better prepared and more reputable CEO following a turnover. These newly appointed CEOs are also more likely to be overconfident. This evidence indicates overconfident CEO directors exhibit significant influence on the board and over the firm's CEO selection.
Synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplementation on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults
Authors: Yamada Minoru , Kimura Yosuke , Ishiyama Daisuke , Nishio Naohito , Otobe Yuhei , Tanaka Tomoya , Ohji Shunsuke , Koyama Shingo , Sato Atsushi , Suzuki Mizue , Ogawa Hideyuki , Ichikawa Takeo , Ito Daisuke , Arai Hidenori 
Published: March 2019

AimThe objective of this trial was to investigate the synergistic effects of bodyweight resistance exercise and a protein supplement with vitamin D on skeletal muscle in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults.MethodsThis was a four‐arm randomized controlled trial. Sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults were recruited for this trial. After screening, a total of 112 older adults were randomly allocated among four groups; 28 older adults each were enrolled in the combined resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation group, the exercise alone group, the nutritional supplementation alone group, and the control group. Participants in the combined group and exercise alone groups took part in a bodyweight resistance exercise program for 12 weeks. Protein and vitamin D supplements were provided every day for 12 weeks for the participants in the combined group and nutritional supplementation alone groups. We assessed the echo intensity of participants’ thigh muscle using ultrasonography, measured their appendicular muscle mass using a bioelectrical impedance data acquisition system, and tested their knee extension strength and physical function.ResultsParticipants in the combined group had a significantly greater improvement in rectus femoris echo intensity and knee extension torque than those in the other groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the combined program increased appendicular muscle mass in sarcopenic older adults (P < 0.05), but not in older adults with low physical function with normal muscle mass.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed the synergistic effect of bodyweight resistance exercise and protein supplement with vitamin D on muscle quality and muscle strength in sarcopenic or dynapenic older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 429–437.
Anterior osteophyte resection of the ankle joint to increase range of motion in haemophilic ankle arthropathy
Authors: Yoo Myung Chul , Jeong Bi O. , Ahn Jungtae 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionHaemophilic ankle arthropathy may cause joint bleeding, pain, stiffness, erosion and progressive motion limitations, including a decreased range of motion (ROM) secondary to anterior osteophyte impingement.AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the ROM and symptoms after synovectomy and anterior osteophyte resection for haemophilic ankle arthropathy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 41 ankles in 35 patients with haemophilic arthropathy who underwent arthroscopic and/or open synovectomy. The mean follow‐up period was 59.5 months. Indications for the procedure included a lack of improvement with conservative management, and the presence of haemarthrosis and arthralgia. We assessed radiographic images, ankle joint range of motion, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle‐Hindfoot score and patients’ subjective satisfaction preoperatively and at the last follow‐up.ResultsArthroscopic synovectomy was performed in 32 ankles, open synovectomy in 6, and arthroscopic synovectomy with additional mini‐open debridement in 3. Ankle dorsiflexion improved from a mean of 2.7° preoperatively to a mean of 7.5° at the final follow‐up (P = 0.003), whereas plantar flexion improved from a mean of 30.7° preoperatively to a mean of 32.7° at the final follow‐up (P = 0.276). The AOFAS score improved from 62.2 preoperatively to 79.1 at the final follow‐up (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was “excellent” in 11 ankles, “good” in 22, “fair” in 3 and “poor” in 5.ConclusionArthroscopic and/or open synovectomy with anterior osteophyte resection and early rehabilitation in adolescents and adults with haemophilic ankle arthropathy showed improved ankle dorsiflexion and AOFAS scores.
Prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis C among Brazilian male patients with haemophilia: A long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Carmo Ricardo Andrade , Martins Marina Lobato , Chaves Daniel Gonçalves , Dezanet Lorenza Nogueira Campos 
Published: March 2019

People with haemophilia represent a population with a high prevalence of HCV infection due to the use of blood components and plasma‐derived clotting factor concentrates before the introduction of viral‐inactivating procedures (in the 1980s) and screening for HCV (in the 1990s). About 80% of HCV‐infected patients have chronic HCV infection, and at least 20% develop end‐stage liver disease. The aim of the study was to assess current anti‐HCV positivity in a large cohort of Brazilian haemophilia patients and to determine associated factors with HCV exposure. The study retrospectively analysed medical records of all male haemophilia patients attended the main public referral blood centre in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from January 1985 to January 2015. Sociodemographic, epidemiological and serological characteristics were collected of all participants tested for anti‐HCV. Among 724 patients enrolled in the study, anti‐HCV was positive in 259 resulting in a seroprevalence of 35.8% (95% CI: 32.3%‐39.3%). Factors independently associated with previous exposure to HCV were as follows: age older than 30 years, moderate to severe haemophilia, detection of inhibitor at least once in lifetime and previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or HIV infection. Otherwise, exclusive previous use of inactivated clotting factors resulted in a significant decrease in the chance of positivity for anti‐HCV. At the end of cohort period, patients with positive anti‐HCV had a 3‐fold higher risk of death. This study showed that hepatitis C infection remains a critical problem for Brazilian haemophilia patients and reinforced the need to unify efforts to eradicate it.
Developing and applying a deductive coding framework to assess the goals of Citizen/Community Jury deliberations
Authors: Scott Anna Mae , Sims Rebecca , Degeling Chris , Carter Stacy , Thomas Rae 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPublic participation in health policy decision making is thought to improve the quality of the decisions and enhance their legitimacy. Citizen/Community Juries (CJs) are a form of public participation that aims to elicit an informed community perspective on controversial topics. Reporting standards for CJ processes have already been proposed. However, less clarity exists about the standards for what constitutes a good quality CJ deliberation—we aim to begin to address this gap here.MethodsWe identified the goals that underlie CJs and searched the literature to identify existing frameworks assessing the quality of CJ deliberations. We then mapped the items constituting these frameworks onto the CJ goals; where none of the frameworks addressed one of the CJ goals, we generated additional items that did map onto the goal.ResultsThis yielded a single operationalized deductive coding framework, consisting of four deliberation elements and four recommendation elements. The deliberation elements focus on the following: jurors’ preferences and values, engagement with each other, referencing expert information and enrichment of the deliberation. The recommendation elements focus on the following: reaching a clear and identifiable recommendation, whether the recommendation directly addresses the CJ question, justification for the recommendation and adoption of societal (rather than individual) perspective. To explore the alignment between this framework and the goals underlying CJs, we mapped the operationalized framework onto the transcripts of a CJ.ConclusionResults suggest that framework items map well onto what transpires in an actual CJ deliberation. Further testing of the validity, generalizability and reliability of the framework is planned.
Development of predictive regression model for perceived hair breakage in Indian consumers
Authors: Kaushik Vaibhav , Nihul Pratiksha , Mhaskar Sudhakar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo predict consumer‐perceived hair breakage based on parameters from three distinct categories 1) hair strand parameters‐like curvature, stiffness and tensile strength indices; 2) hair matrix or bulk parameters‐like smoothness, detangling, frizz & volume and; 3) biological factors like age, hair density.MethodsConsumer‐relevant evaluation techniques were employed in a uniquely designed protocol to obtain real‐life data from the consumers’ head without impacting or damaging their hair. Hairs of 50 Indian female subjects in the age group of 20–40 years were characterized using various instrumental techniques for parameters mentioned above, apart from the hair breakage count. Multiple regression analysis was performed over the data collected to arrive at a regression equation connecting the hair breakage observed with the key parameters impacting hair breakage. Validation of the model was performed by collecting additional set of hair characterization data for 18 Indian subjects with same recruitment parameters.ResultsA second order, non‐linear multi‐regression equation was proposed for consumer‐perceived hair breakage with five predictors. A reasonable correlation (R2 = 0.76) was observed between predicted and observed consumer hair breakage values for the validation set. Apart from the hair surface lubrication parameters (smoothness and detangling forces), inherent extensional strength parameters and biologically relevant parameter – hair density – were found to influence the consumer hair breakage. The proposed model offers different insights into the interplay of parameter. The impact of the key parameters was documented on the consumer hair breakage and the same was found to fit well with the available knowledge.ConclusionsCurrent work demonstrates the usefulness of regression modelling in understanding complex consumer‐relevant parameters by taking a holistic view of consumer hair breakage as a combination of various parameters measured individually at lab scale. The proposed regression equation serves as a tool for product developers to understand the physical parameters of impact when it comes to consumer‐perceived hair breakage and make required changes to the formulation. The method presented can be used to develop model for subjects from other geographies and eventually a generalized model can be proposed.
Hydrothermal synthesis of pseudocubic BaTiO3 nanoparticles using TiO2 nanofibers: Study on photocatalytic and dielectric properties
Authors: Kaya İsmail Cihan , Kalem Volkan , Akyildiz Hasan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, TiO2 nanofibers were fabricated via the electrospinning method followed by air annealing. Then, Ti‐requirement in the conventional hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO3 stoichiometry was supplied by using these nanofibers. The microstructural and compositional properties of BaTiO3 nanoparticles were studied using SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. The structural analysis showed that the cubic symmetry was the dominant one in the BaTiO3 nanoparticles, whereas Raman spectroscopy indicated the coexistence of cubic symmetry with the tetragonal polymorph. The nanoparticles displayed higher photocatalytic reactivity under UV‐A light compared to visible irradiation during decomposition of methylene blue dye and reached 24.2% and 18.8% degradation, respectively, after 1 hour. Furthermore, the dielectric properties were investigated using sintered compacts of these nanoparticles. Among the employed temperatures for sintering, the highest relative density (90%) and dielectric constant (2165 at 1 MHz) were obtained at 1250°C and 5 hours. This study revealed that the electrospun TiO2 nanofiber precursor can successfully be used for the production of nanoscale barium titanate particles suitable for various applications.
Treg programming and therapeutic reprogramming in cancer
Authors: Moreno Ayala Mariela A. , Li Zehui , DuPage Michel 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment is the major challenge impeding cancer immunotherapy today. Regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) are prevalent in nearly all cancers and, as immunosuppressive regulators of immune responses, they are the principal opponents of cancer immunotherapy. However, disabling Tregs systemically causes severe autoimmune toxicity, hastening the need for more selective methods to target intratumoural Tregs. In this review, we discuss a burgeoning new modality to specifically target tumour‐infiltrating Tregs (TI‐Tregs) by reprogramming their functionality from immunosuppressive to immune stimulatory within tumours. As the basis for therapeutic selectivity of TI‐Tregs, we will focus on the defining features of Tregs within cancer: their highly activated state controlled by the engagement of key surface receptors, their distinct metabolic programme, and their unique transcriptional programme. By identifying proteins and pathways that distinguish TI‐Tregs from other Tregs in the body, as well as from the beneficial antitumour effector T‐cells within tumours, we highlight mechanisms to selectively reprogramme TI‐Tregs for the treatment of cancer.
Microbial composition changes on the surface of strawberries from the field and market by 16SrDNA sequencing
Authors: Dai Baoling , Yang Hua , Dai Xianjun , Wang Wen , Wu Shenggan , Zhao Xueping , Xiao Yingping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFresh fruit is indispensable as a part of a daily diet; however, it commonly harbors large and diverse bacteria populations, including some important human pathogens. To determine the microbial composition on the surface of a strawberry, and structural changes of microbial composition from the field and market, 16SrDNA sequencing of 32 samples collected from production field (B) and market (M), which were divided into Groups I through III, was performed in this study. As a result, the 3,073 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were clustered, and 5 phyla and 10 genera were dominant across all samples. When comparing I.B with I.M, Acinetobacter, Buchnera, and Bradyrhizobium were higher in I.B (p > 0.05), while Bacteroides, Pseudomonas, and Shewanella were higher in I.M (p > 0.05). Comparing II.B with II.M, Campylobacter was dominant in II.B, while most of the top10 genera decreased in II.M, except Acinetobacter, which presented an overwhelming richness, with an average relative abundance of 65.657 ± 1.071% (p = 0.002). Comparing III.B with III.M, Buchnera decreased in III.M, while Shewanella increased. Additionally, a certain number of opportunistic pathogens that included Acinetobacter were present in some samples. Therefore, analysis of microbial composition changes on the surface of strawberries is important for ensuring the biological safety of strawberries.Practical applicationsThis paper focused on determining the microbial composition on the surface of strawberry and comparing its structural changes of microbial composition from the field and market. The study results will be helpful for ensuring the biological safety of strawberries as well as a scientific basis for the traceability of microbial contamination of strawberries.
Discovery of new depigmenting compounds and their efficacy to treat hyperpigmentation: Evidence from in vitro study
Authors: Lajis Ahmad Firdaus B. , Ariff Arbakariya B. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryHuman skin pigmentation is a result of constitutive and facultative pigmentation. Facultative pigmentation is frequently stimulated by UV radiation, pharmacologic drugs, and hormones whereby leads to the development of abnormal skin hyperpigmentation. To date, many state‐of‐art depigmenting compounds have been studied using in vitro model to treat hyperpigmentation problems for cosmetic dermatological applications; little attention has been made to compare the effectiveness of these depigmenting compounds and their mode of actions. In this present article, new and recent depigmenting compounds, their melanogenic pathway targets, and modes of action are reviewed. This article compares the effectiveness of these new depigmenting compounds to modulate several melanogenesis‐regulatory enzymes and proteins such as tyrosinase (TYR), TYR‐related protein‐1 (TRP1), TYR‐related protein‐2 (TRP2), microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), extracellular signal—regulated kinase (ERK) and N‐terminal kinases (JNK) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK). Other evidences from in vitro assays such as inhibition on melanosomal transfer, proteasomes, nitric oxide, and inflammation‐induced melanogenesis are also highlighted. This article also reviews analytical techniques in different assays performed using in vitro model as well as their advantages and limitations. This article also provides an insight on recent finding and re‐examination of some protocols as well as their effectiveness and reliability in the evaluation of depigmenting compounds. Evidence and support from related patents are also incorporated in this present article to give an overview on current patented technology, latest trends, and intellectual values of some depigmenting compounds and protocols, which are rarely highlighted in the literatures.