bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation Topical Review on Complementary Medicine and Psychotherapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Torres Joana , Ellul Pierre , Langhorst Jost , Mikocka-Walus Antonina , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , Basnayake Chamara , Ding Nik John Sheng , Gilardi Daniela , Katsanos Konstantinos , Moser Gabriele , Opheim Randi , Palmela Carolina , Pellino Gianluca , Van der Marel Sander , Vavricka Stephan R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] increasingly use alternative and complementary therapies, for which appropriate evidence is often lacking. It is estimated that up to half of all patients with IBD use various forms of complementary and alternative medicine during some point in their disease course. Considering the frequent use of such therapies, it is crucial that physicians and patients are informed about their efficacy and safety in order to provide guidance and evidence-based advice. Additionally, increasing evidence suggests that some psychotherapies and mind–body interventions may be beneficial in the management of IBD, but their best use remains a matter of research. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of some of the most commonly used complementary, alternative and psychotherapy interventions in IBD.
Sex-based differences in outcomes, 30-day readmissions, and costs following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database 2010–14
Authors: Cheung Jim W , Cheng Edward P , Wu , Xian , Yeo Ilhwan , Christos Paul J , Kamel Hooman , Markowitz Steven M , Liu Christopher F , Thomas George , Ip James E , Lerman Bruce B , Kim Luke K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Although catheter ablation has emerged as an important therapy for patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF), there are limited data on sex-based differences in outcomes. We sought to compare in-hospital outcomes and 30-day readmissions of women and men undergoing AF ablation.

Methods and results
Using the United States Nationwide Readmissions Database, we analysed patients undergoing AF ablation between 2010 and 2014. Based on ICD-9-CM codes, we identified co-morbidities and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability-weighting analysis were performed to assess female sex as a predictor of endpoints. Of 54 597 study patients, 20 623 (37.7%) were female. After adjustment for age, co-morbidities, and hospital factors, women had higher rates of any complication [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.39; P &lt; 0.0001], cardiac perforation (aOR 1.39; P = 0.006), and bleeding/vascular complications (aOR 1.49; P &lt; 0.0001). Thirty-day all-cause readmission rates were higher for women compared to men (13.4% vs. 9.4%; P &lt; 0.0001). Female sex was independently associated with readmission for AF/atrial tachycardia (aOR 1.48; P &lt; 0.0001), cardiac causes (aOR 1.40; P &lt; 0.0001), and all causes (aOR 1.25; P &lt; 0.0001). Similar findings were confirmed with inverse probability-weighting analysis. Despite increased complications and readmissions, total costs for AF ablation were lower for women than men due to decreased resource utilization.

Conclusions
Independent of age, co-morbidities, and hospital factors, women have higher rates of complications and readmissions following AF ablation. Sex-based differences and disparities in the management of AF need to be explored to address these gaps in outcomes.
Investigator Engagement: Somewhat Radical Considerations on Practices to Improve Animal Care Program Compliance
Authors: Hankenson F Claire , Hallman Troy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The authors discuss approaches to bolster investigator engagement, inviting investigators to be partners within the Animal Care Program. Regulatory burden in animal research endeavors continues to be reviewed and critiqued; therefore, this article intends to encourage Animal Care Programs to promote transparency and incorporation of unique educational training initiatives to tailor and focus compliance efforts across research programs. Borrowing from concepts of patient engagement, adherence, and enrollment efforts within the medical profession, it is likely that gains in trust, understanding, and communication between stakeholders within animal programs can be achieved without excessive efforts to alter existing approaches. Institutions will continue to be challenged to balance animal welfare expectations with promotion of research missions. This article provides a framework for somewhat radical ideas, including the use of collaborative orientations, assistance with self-evaluations, timely self-reporting, and meaningful and directed trainings, that are all aimed to resonate in contemporary animal care programs and foster investigator engagement in ongoing compliance efforts.
Guideline attainment and morbidity/mortality rates in a large cohort of European haemodialysis patients (EURODOPPS)
Authors: Liabeuf Sophie , Sajjad Ayesha , Kramer Anneke , Bieber Brian , McCullough Keith , Pisoni Ron , Caskey Fergus , Combe Christian , Robinson Bruce M , Jager Kitty J , Massy Ziad A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Haemodialysis patients experience a wide variety of intermediate complications, such as anaemia, hypertension and mineral bone disease (MBD). We aimed to assess the risk of death and hospital admissions as a function of the simultaneous attainment of different guideline targets (for hypertension, anaemia and MBD) in a large European cohort of dialysis patients.

Methods
EURODOPPS is part of the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) international, prospective cohort study of adult, in-centre haemodialysis patients for whom clinical data are extracted from medical records. In the present analysis, 6317 patients from seven European countries were included between 2009 and 2011. The percentages of patients treated according to the international guidelines on anaemia, hypertension and MBD were determined. The overall degree of guideline attainment was considered to be high if four or all five of the evaluated targets were attained, moderate if two or three targets were attained, and low if fewer than two targets were attained. Fully adjusted multivariate Cox models were used to investigate the relationship of target attainment with mortality and first hospital admission.

Results
At baseline, the degree of target attainment was low in 1751 patients (28%), moderate in 3803 (60%) and high in 763 (12%). In the fully adjusted model using time-dependent covariates, low attainment was associated with higher all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.19 (1.05–1.34)] and high attainment was associated with lower all-cause mortality [0.82 (0.68–0.99)]. In a similar model that additionally accounted for death as a competing risk, low and high attainments were not associated with hospital admission.

Conclusion
In a large international cohort of dialysis patients, we have shown that more stringent application of guidelines is associated with lower mortality.
Predicting Cognitive Improvement in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients Using Preoperative Neuropsychological Testing and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers
Authors: McGovern Robert A , Nelp Taylor B , Kelly Kathleen M , Chan Andrew K , Mazzoni Pietro , Sheth Sameer A , Honig Lawrence S , Teich Andrew F , McKhann Guy M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Though it is well known that normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients can cognitively improve after ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), one of the major dilemmas in NPH is the ability to prospectively predict which patients will improve.

OBJECTIVE
To prospectively assess preoperative predictors of postshunt cognitive improvement.

METHODS
This was a prospective observational cohort including 52 consecutive patients with approximately 1-yr follow-up. Patients underwent neuropsychological testing at baseline, postlumbar drainage, and postshunt. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and cortical biopsies were also collected to examine their relationship with postshunt cognitive improvement.

RESULTS
Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-L (RAVLT-L) was the only neuropsychological test to demonstrate statistically significant improvement both postlumbar drain and postshunt. Improvement on the RAVLT-L postlumbar drain predicted improvement on the RAVLT-L postshunt. Patients with biopsies demonstrating Aβ+ Tau+ had lower ventricular CSF Aβ42 and higher lumbar CSF pTau compared to Aβ– Tau– patients. A receiver operating curve analysis using lumbar pTau predicted Aβ+ Tau+ biopsy status but was not related to neuropsychological test outcome.

CONCLUSION
The RAVLT can be a useful preoperative predictor of postoperative cognitive improvement, and thus, we recommend using the RAVLT to evaluate NPH patients. CSF biomarkers could not be related to neuropsychological test outcome. Future research in a larger patient sample will help determine the prospective utility of CSF biomarkers in the evaluation of NPH patients.
Paracetamol and Pain Modulation by TRPV1, UGT2B15, SULT1A1 Genotypes: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Pickering Gisèle , Creveaux Isabelle , Macian Nicolas , Pereira Bruno 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of the genetic polymorphism of enzymes and receptors involved in paracetamol metabolism and mechanism of action has not been investigated. This trial in healthy volunteers investigated the link between paracetamol pain relief and the genetic polymorphism of 23 enzymes and receptors.DesignThis randomized double-blind crossover controlled pilot study took place in the Clinical Pharmacology Department, University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Forty-seven Caucasian volunteers were recruited. The trial consisted of two randomized sessions one week apart with oral paracetamol or placebo, and pain changes were evaluated with mechanical pain stimuli. The genetic polymorphism of 23 enzymes and receptors was studied, and correlations were made with pain relief. All tests are two-sided with a type I error at 0.05.ResultsParacetamol was antinociceptive compared with placebo (222 ± 482 kPaxmin vs 23 ± 431 kPaxmin; P = 0.0047), and the study showed 30 paracetamol responders and 17 paracetamol nonresponders. Responders were characterized by TRPV1rs224534 A allele, UGT2B15rs1902023 TT genotype, and SULT1A1rs9282861 GG genotype (P &lt; 0.05 for all). These findings confirm for the first time the involvement of a specific TRPV1 rs224534 variant in paracetamol antinociception. They also reveal a new antinociceptive role for specific variants of hepatic phase II enzymes associated with paracetamol metabolism.ConclusionsThe study warrants larger clinical trials on these potential genomic markers of paracetamol analgesia in patients. Confirmation of the present findings would open the way to effective individualized pain treatment with paracetamol, the most commonly used analgesic worldwide.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma following Epidermoid Cyst in the Buttock
Authors: Niimi Yosuke , Takeuchi Masaki , Isono Nobuo 
Published: February 2019

Summary:
In the field of plastic surgery, subcutaneous masses in the buttocks are frequently observed. However, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after epidermoid cyst, which appears in the presacral space, is extremely rare. This report described a case of a 71-year-old woman, who previously received a skin incision by a doctor for treating a cystic lesion in the buttock; she was diagnosed with SCC by preoperative biopsy at the authors’ department. In addition, computed tomography suspected that the tumor originated in the presacral space. Under general anesthesia, an extended resection of the malignant tumor with gastrointestinal surgery was performed. After resection, the defect of buttocks region was reconstructed with a V-Y advancement gluteus maximus myocutaneous flap. After pathological examination the tumor was diagnosed as SCC after epidermoid cyst; peplomycin sulfate at 50 mg/d was administered intramuscularly for 2 weeks as chemotherapy. No wound complications were observed after surgery, and no recurrence was noted for 5 years. For managing tumor in the gluteal region, a possibility of malignancy must be considered, and thorough radiographic studies must be pursued before surgery.
Health Departments' Experience With Mumps Outbreak Response and Use of a Third Dose of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine
Authors: Marlow Mariel A. , Moore Kelly , DeBolt Chas , Patel Manisha , Marin Mona 
Published: February 2019

Context:
During January 2016 to June 2017, US health departments (HDs) reported 150 mumps outbreaks. Most occurred among populations with high 2-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage, prompting the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to examine the evidence for use of a third dose of MMR vaccine.

Objective:
To evaluate HD experiences with mumps outbreak control and use of a third MMR dose during outbreaks.

Design:
An online survey assessing mumps outbreak characteristics, outbreak response measures, challenges, and lessons learned from previous outbreaks was distributed to all 81 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists member HDs in August 2017.

Results:
Sixty-one (75%) HDs responded; 46 (75%) had experience with ≥1 mumps outbreak(s) during January 2016 to August 2017. Twenty (43%) HDs recommended a third or outbreak MMR dose during mumps outbreaks; of these, 19 completed the section on use of a third dose and 8 (40%) rated the intervention “somewhat effective” or better. Health departments that used a third/outbreak dose suggested implementing the recommendation early and to a targeted group. Forty-three (73%) HDs reported having a policy for excluding persons without presumptive immunity from outbreak settings; of these, 37 (86%) had some degree of legal authority to implement this policy. Exclusion compliance improved with the use of personalized notification letters, focus groups of excluded persons and the community, and standardized messaging. Other outbreak control measures included cohorting of exposed or susceptible persons, mobile vaccination clinics and home visits, contact monitoring via text messaging, and facilitating student isolation with meal delivery and excused class absences.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed heterogeneity across HDs' mumps outbreak responses but also identified common challenges that will inform future Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance. These results were considered in the October 2017 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation for use of a third dose of MMR vaccine for persons at increased risk for mumps during an outbreak and in the development of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidance for HDs when applying the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation.
Assessing Readability: Are Urogynecologic Patient Education Materials at an Appropriate Reading Level?
Authors: Haller Jasmine , Keller Zachary , Barr Susan , Hadden Kristie , Oliphant Sallie S. 
Published: February 2019

Objective
The National Institutes of Health recommends readability of patient material not exceed sixth-grade level. Our aim was to determine readability of American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) and International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) patient education documents.

Methods
Available English- and Spanish-language IUGA patient information leaflets and AUGS patient fact sheets were scored for grade reading level. Readability assessment was performed using Flesch-Kincaid, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Fry graph formulas for English documents. For Spanish documents, Fernandez-Huerta and SOL readability formulas were utilized. Each document was assessed by a health literacy expert using standards of plain language best practices.

Results
We assessed 86 documents: 18 AUGS, 34 IUGA, and 34 IUGA Spanish documents. Readability combined scores for English AUGS documents ranged from 8th to 12th grade level equivalents, whereas English IUGA documents ranged from 7th to 13th. Combined average readability score for AUGS sheets was 9.9 ± 1.2 grade level equivalents versus 10.5 ± 1.3 for IUGA leaflets. The AUGS documents had lower grade level equivalents on all 3 readability scales. Spanish-language IUGA leaflets had an average readability score of 5.9 ± 0.6 grade level equivalents, with a range of fifth to seventh. Health literacy expert analysis found only 1 document met all the criteria for plain language best practice.

Conclusions
All assessed AUGS and IUGA patient information English documents had readability scores above National Institutes of Health–recommended reading level. Spanish IUGA documents were written at a lower reading level than their English counterparts. To best meet patient education needs, future materials development should emphasize readability and utilization of plain language best practices.
Early Prediction of Antigenic Transitions for Influenza A H3N2
Authors: Castro Lauren A , Bedford Trevor , Meyers Lauren Ancel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInfluenza A/H3N2 is a rapidly evolving virus which experiences major antigenic transitions every two to eight years. Anticipating the timing and outcome of transitions is critical to developing effective seasonal influenza vaccines. Using simulations from a published phylodynamic model of influenza transmission, we identified indicators of future evolutionary success for an emerging antigenic cluster. The eventual fate of a new cluster depends on its initial epidemiological growth rate––which is a function of mutational load and population susceptibility to the cluster––along with the variance in growth rate across co-circulating viruses. Logistic regression can predict whether a cluster at 5% relative frequency will eventually succeed with ∼80% sensitivity, providing up to eight months advance warning. As a cluster expands, the predictions improve while the lead-time for vaccine development and other interventions decreases. By focusing surveillance efforts on estimating population-wide susceptibility to emerging viruses, we can better anticipate major antigenic transitions.
Association the 25(OH) vitamin D status with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Morbidity in Water Sports Elite Athletes
Authors: Umarov Jamshid , Kerimov Fikrat , Toychiev Abdurakhim , Davis Nikolay , Osipova Svetlana 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to identify seasonal changes in total 25(OH) vitamin D (VD) concentrations and determine its influence on acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) morbidity among elite athletes engaged in water sports.METHODSThe study was planned as a prospective, non-interventional, observational study. Study participants included 40 elite athletes and 30 control individuals. Serum levels of 25(OH) VD and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 were detected by ELISA technique. Morbidity and frequency of acute URTI in participants were determined by self-reported questionnaire during the year.RESULTSThe predominance of VD insufficiency was found in both groups of elite athletes and in the control individuals. Prevalence of VD insufficiency/deficiency depends on the season, but independently on the season the highest values were observed among athletes. VD sufficiency was detected in 30% and 13.3% of the control individuals in August and February and only in 10% of swimmers in August. More than 3 episodes of URTI were detected only in the elite athletes in winter-spring. The elevated level of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 was detected in all athletes, but more expressed increase was observed in swimmers.CONCLUSIONSVD insufficiency is quite pronounced among elite athletes engaged in synchronized swimming and in swimmers. It is accompanied with a decrease of IFN-γ, increase of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 level, and elevation of URTI morbidity. Seasonal monitoring and correction of the VD level for normalization of cytokine profile and decrease of URTI morbidity is definitely advised.
What Drives Symbiotic Calcium Signalling In Legumes? Insights And Challenges Of Imaging
Authors: Martins Teresa Vaz , Livina Valerie N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe review the contribution of bioimaging in building a coherent understanding of Ca2+ signalling during legume-bacteria symbiosis. Currently, two different calcium signals are believed to control key steps of the symbiosis: a Ca2+ gradient at the tip of the legume root hair is involved in the development of an infection thread, while nuclear Ca2+ oscillations, the hallmark signal of this symbiosis, controls the formation of the root nodule, where bacteria fix nitrogen. Additionally, different Ca2+ spiking signatures have been associated with specific infection stages. Bioimaging is intrinsically a cross-disciplinary area that requires integration of image recording, processing and analysis. We use experimental examples to critically evaluate previously established conclusions and draw attention to challenges caused by the varying nature of the signal-to-noise ratio in live imaging. We hypothesise that nuclear Ca2+ spiking is a wide-range signal involving the entire root hair, and that Ca2+ signature may be related to cytoplasmic streaming.
Artificial Intelligence for Bioinformatics: Applications in Protein Folding Prediction
Authors: Staples Max , Chan Leong , Si Dong , Johnson Kasey , Whyte Connor , Cao Renzhi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAI recently shows great promise in the field of bioinformatics, such as protein structure prediction. The Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) is a nationwide experiment that takes place biannually, which centered around analyzing the best current systems for predicting protein tertiary structures. In this paper, we research on available AI methods and features, and then explore novel methods based on reinforcement learning. Such method will have profound implications for R&D in bioinformatics and add an additional platform to the management of innovation in biotechnology.
Interplay between the human gut microbiome and host metabolism
Authors: Visconti Alessia , Le Roy Caroline I. , Rosa Fabio , Rossi Niccolo , Martin Tiphaine C. , Mohney Robert P. , Li Weizhong , Rinaldis Emanuele de , Bell Jordana T. , Venter J. Craig , Nelson Karen E. , Spector Tim D. , Falchi Mario 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe human gut is inhabited by a complex and metabolically active microbial ecosystem regulating host health. While many studies have focused on the effect of individual microbial taxa, the metabolic potential of the entire gut microbial ecosystem has been largely under-explored. We characterised the gut microbiome of 1,004 twins via whole shotgun metagenomic sequencing (average 39M reads per sample). We observed greater similarity, across unrelated individuals, for functional metabolic pathways (82%) than for taxonomic composition (43%). We conducted a microbiota-wide association study linking both taxonomic information and microbial metabolic pathways with 673 blood and 713 faecal metabolites (Metabolon, Inc.). Metabolic pathways associated with 34% of blood and 95% of faecal metabolites, with over 18,000 significant associations, while species-level results identified less than 3,000 associations, suggesting that coordinated action of multiple taxa is required to affect the metabolome. Finally, we estimated that the microbiome mediated a crosstalk between 71% of faecal and 15% of blood metabolites, highlighting six key species (unclassified Subdoligranulum spp., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia inulinivorans, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Eubacterium rectale, and Akkermansia muciniphila). Because of the large inter-person variability in microbiome composition, our results underline the importance of studying gut microbial metabolic pathways rather than focusing purely on taxonomy to find therapeutic and diagnostic targets.