bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A memristor‐sourced key for encrypted power and data synchronous transmission in switched mode power supplies
Authors: Maxwell Chiemeka L. , Wang Zixiang , Yu Dongsheng , Pastor Marek , Yu Samson S. , Alkahtani Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn power and data synchronous transmission (PDST), it is crucial to modulate additional signals onto the voltage bus of the converters. This reduces the cost of monitoring and control of the power grid. There is thus the need to ensure that the data transmitted is well secured. This study, designs an electronic system that uses the common coupling point for PDST. Then Chua's memristive circuit is introduced as an entropy source for generating a random bit sequence for encrypted PDST in a switched mode power supply. The encrypted data signal is modulated using phase shift key modulation. Thereafter, the carrier signal is pulse width modulation modulated to control the switching operation of the power switch. The use of Chua's memristive circuit for generating a random number is not new; however, there is little study directly adopting its use in PDST. This allows for resource sharing since multiple signal sources can share the same bus without interference or security risk. The generated random bits are tested for randomness using National Institute of Standards and Technology test suite and autocorrelation test. MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results both confirm the effectiveness of the proposed data encryption method.
Multi‐stage coordinated planning of energy stations and networks in park‐level integrated energy systems
Authors: Qiu Yue , Yao Yunting , Zhou Suyang , Zhang Hanlin , Bao Yuqing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWith the development of distributed energy resources and intelligent energy management technologies, park‐level integrated energy systems (PIESs) are essential for multi‐energy flow conversion and utilization. However, coordinating the upstream energy sources, internal energy stations, distribution networks, and downstream loads within the PIES framework remains a challenge. Developing a station‐network coordinated planning scheme for PIES confronts challenges, such as overly complex models that are difficult to solve and the difficulty of implementing standard methods for medium and long‐term planning. This paper proposes a multi‐stage coordinated planning approach for PIES, containing energy stations, multi‐energy networks, and load aggregation nodes. The energy equipment and energy networks are precisely modelled to enhance the reliability of the planning scheme. The chance‐constrained programming (CCP) method is adopted to address uncertainties arising from renewable energy generation. Additionally, the improved big‐M method and second‐order cone (SOC) relaxation technique are utilized to manage non‐linear elements, transforming the model into a mixed‐integer second‐order cone programming (MISOCP) form to enhance solution efficiency. A case study illustrates that the proposed method enables effective allocation of equipment and networks, outperforming single‐stage planning by reducing investment costs, enhancing facility utilization rates, and facilitating renewable energy integration.
Pediatric Anatomy of the Anterior Clinoid Process on Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Yıldızoğlu Emek Öykü , Özdemir Erdal , Çetin Rıdvan , Alpergin Baran Can , Beger Orhan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective To show the change in the anterior clinoid process (ACP) morphology in children with advancing age.
Methods Radiologic images of 180 subjects aged 1 to 18 years were included in the work. The length (ACPL), width (ACPW), and angle (ACPA) of ACP, and the distance (DisACPOS) of ACP to the optic strut (OS) were measured. ACP pneumatization and OS location types were noted.
Results ACPL, ACPW, and ACPA, and DisACPOS were measured as 12.34 ± 2.29 mm, 4.52 ± 1.03 mm, 26.26 ± 4.30°, and 5.10 ± 1.12 mm, respectively. ACP pneumatization was identified in 30 (8.3%) sides. Four types regarding its pneumatization were observed: Type 0 in 91.7% out of 360 sides, Type 1 in 2.5%, Type 2 in 3.6%, and Type 3 in 2.2%. Three configurations regarding OS location types were observed as follows: Type C in 3.6% out of 360 sides, Type D in 51.7%, and Type E in 44.7%. Linear function was calculated as y = 9.377 + 0.312 × age for ACPL, y = 3.716 + 0.084 × age for ACPW, and y = 3.808 + 0.136 × age for DisACPOS.
Conclusion ACPL, ACPW, and DisACPOS increased, but ACPA did not vary with advancing ages in children. OS was located more posteriorly in children compared with adults. Most of ACP pneumatization was seen after prepubescent period.
Adverse Outcomes Associated with Progressive Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Sarker Minhazur R. , Canfield Dana , Ferrara Lauren , Ramos Gladys A. , DeBolt Chelsea A. 
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the association between increasing bile acid levels in pregnancies with cholestasis and adverse outcomes.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of singleton, non-anomalous gestations complicated by cholestasis delivered at a single academic medical center from 2005 to 2019. We compared rates of adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by mild cholestasis (initial total bile acid [TBA] <40 μmol/L and peak TBA <40 μmol/L), progressive cholestasis (initial TBA <40 μmol/L and peak TBA ≥40 μmol/L), and severe cholestasis (initial TBA ≥40 μmol/L). Our primary outcome was a composite adverse outcome including spontaneous preterm labor and delivery, umbilical artery pH <7.20, 5-minute Apgar <7, cesarean delivery for nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Analyses were performed using mild cholestasis as the base comparator and a second analysis using severe cholestasis as the base comparator.
Results Of the 1,182 pregnancies complicated by cholestasis, 732 (61.9%) had mild cholestasis, 78 (6.6%) had progressive cholestasis, and 372 (31.5%) had severe cholestasis. After adjusting for confounders including gestational age at diagnosis and using mild cholestasis as the base comparator, both progressive and severe cholestasis were associated with the composite adverse outcome (progressive intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy [ICP] OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.04–2.78 and severe ICP OR 1.60; 95% CI 1.24–2.06). When using progressive cholestasis as the base comparator, there were no statistically significant differences in the primary or secondary outcomes between progressive cholestasis and severe cholestasis.
Conclusion This study highlights the significance of monitoring peak bile acid levels and that some cases of cholestasis may progress in pregnancy and the adverse associations are better reflected by the peak TBA level and not the cholestasis severity at initial diagnosis.
Key Points
Morphing of the Frontal View: Rhinoplasty as a Surface Contour Operation
Authors: Golan Izak , Khodaei Iman , Vasilenko Irina , Palma Pietro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFrontal view morphing is needed for better preoperative consultation and simulation process in rhinoplasty. Restoration of the correct light–shadow interactions in rhinoplasty demands a firm appreciation of the underlying nasal structures. Chiaroscuro is a painting technique of dark and light contrasts that can be utilized in the morphing process, enabling the surgeon to explain possible results. Patients undergoing surgery in 2019. Encounters were divided into three. First visit: history taking, a list of desires and physical examination, photography. Second visit: photo analysis was presented as well as the hypothesis of correction expressed by morphing (morphing with Adobe Photoshop software). We termed the differences between light and shade of the lateral nasal walls, the dorsum and the brow dome line and nose cheek line as the “Chiaroscuro of the nose.” This term is significant in the process of morphing of the frontal view.
We used this method of morphing in the simulation process of 126 patients. The age range was 15 to 59 years old. A total of 67% (84) were females and 33% (42) were males. A total of 43% (54) of the cases were revision cases. At the postoperative visits, all patients were more satisfied with their operative result than with their “morphed” simulation. The chiaroscuro concept of the nose is an essential step in the analysis and morphing processes of the frontal view, and a logical tool in creating a realistic surgical game plan. The morphing of the frontal view enables the surgeon and patients to discuss the possible result with more details and refinements. Morphing may be a good option to educate young surgeons in both preoperative consultation and at the operating theater.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Risk Factors for Unplanned Immediate Hysterectomy in Planned Uterine Preservation Surgery
Authors: Friedrich Lior , Mor Nitzan , Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Kassif Eran , Friedrich Shakad Noah , Weissbach Tal , Castel Elias , Levin Gabriel , Meyer Raanan 
Published: November 2024

Objective Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a term used to describe trophoblast invasion into the uterine wall. The condition can be fatal at labor due to a lack of spontaneous separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, leading to severe hemorrhage. In this study, we aim to evaluate preoperative risk factors for unplanned immediate hysterectomy in PAS uterine-preserving surgeries.
Study Design Preoperative parameters of women who underwent successful uterine-preserving surgery were retrospectively compared with those who underwent an unplanned immediate hysterectomy during these surgeries. A multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors associated with unplanned immediate hysterectomy.
Results Overall, 238 were included in the study's cohort. A total of 86.2% underwent successful uterine-preserving surgery, and 13.8% underwent an unplanned immediate hysterectomy. The number of previous cesarean deliveries (CDs) and the proportion of women with grade 3 preoperative PAS was significantly lower among the successful uterine-preserving group. The proportion of preoperative ultrasound lacunae detection, the number of lacunae observed, loss of clear zone detection, the length of clear zone loss, the proportion of retroplacental hypervascularity, bridging vessels detection, and bladder involvement were significantly lower in the successful uterine-preserving group. In a multivariable regression analysis, the presence of lacunae and loss of clear zone were independently associated with unplanned cesarean hysterectomy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–11.6], p = 0.047, and aOR = 3.67 [95% CI: 1.3–13.2], p = 0.025, respectively].
Conclusion Preoperative assessment of the applicability of a uterine-preserving surgery may be performed using the ultrasound parameters reported in this study.
Key Points
Synthesis of Indenoquinoxalinone-5-(furano, pyrano, and oxepino)spiro Ethers from Alkenylated Propargyl Ethers of Indenoquinoxalinone via Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Kannadasan Sathananthan , Shanmugam Ponnusamy , Padmashrija Ammundi Jayavel Chirranjeevi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA facile and efficient synthetic route for indenoquinoxalinone spiro-oxacyclic systems with small to medium ring sizes has been developed via an efficient ring-closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM) as a key step. The starting material O-alkylated propargylic alcohol of indenoquinoxalinone is synthesized via a two-step protocol: 1. propargylation of ketone followed by 2. alkenylation of the resulting propargyl ethers with alkenyl bromides. Upon being subjected to RCEYM using Grubbs II catalyst, the resulting O-alkenylated propargyl derivative furnished the spiro-ethereal products in good yield. Spectroscopic data and single-crystal XRD analysis characterized the structures of the products. A plausible mechanism is provided.
Herders without borders: transhumance securitisation and the challenges of national security in Ghana and Nigeria
Authors: Nwangwu Chikodiri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs an enduring agricultural practice in Africa, transboundary herding has remained a major source of conflict among agro-land users, especially between the Fulani nomadic pastoralists and peasant farmers/host communities. Although extant studies broadly agree that this herding practice is prone to violence, the actual factors which predispose this agricultural practice to violence vary across studies, ranging from climate change and environmental security, population growth and urbanisation, manipulation of cultural and ethnic identities, insecurity in the Lake Chad area, to the free movement of persons and goods protocols. However, these studies have glossed over how the securitisation of transhumance contributes to the conflict between nomadic herders and peasant farmers in West Africa—which is the focus of the present study. Data for this study were sourced from documentary evidence, including scholarly literature, media reports, and official documents from relevant protocols of the Economic Community of West African States. Relying on the basic assumptions of securitisation theory, the study found that transhumance securitisation as a default state response strategy against agro-land use conflicts between nomadic herders and peasant farmers has become counterproductive in West Africa.
Calorimetry probe for runaway electron heat load measurement at COMPASS
Authors: Caloud J. , Tomesova E. , Ficker O. , Cerovsky J. , Mlynar J. , Adamek J. , Barton P. , Bilkova P. , Bohm P. , Bousek M. , Brotankova J. , Duran I. , Entler S. , Havranek A. , Jerab M. , Kovarik K. , Krbec J. , Kulkov S. , Marcisovsky M. , Sos M. , Tadros M. , Tomes M. , Varavin M. , Vondracek P. , Weinzettl V. ,   COMPASS Team
Published: November 2024

Runaway electrons, accelerated in a tokamak discharge to high energies (tens of MeV), can cause serious damage to plasma facing components. Therefore, it is important to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of tokamak damage. To study the effects of various mitigation strategies, a dedicated diagnostic, the calorimetry probe, was developed at the COMPASS tokamak. This probe successfully measured the heat loads caused by runaway electrons directly, using a set of temperature sensors embedded in a graphite body. Deposited energy measured by the probe ranged from a few hundred joules up to (15 ± 1) kJ, while the mean deposited energy was (4.5 ± 1.1) kJ. The design of the probe and the initial results from 250 discharges covering four experimental campaigns dedicated to runaway electron studies (2019–2021) are presented in this article.
Recent progress on multiferroic hexagonal rare-earth ferrites (h-RFeO3, R = Y, Dy-Lu)
Authors: Li Xin , Yun Yu , Xu Xiaoshan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Multiferroic hexagonal rare-earth ferrites (h-RFeO3
, R= Sc, Y, and rare earth), in which the improper ferroelectricity and canted antiferromagnetism coexist, have been advocated as promising candidates to pursue the room-temperature multiferroics, because of strong spin-spin interaction. The strong interactions between the ferroic orders and the structural distortions are appealing for high-density, energy-efficient electronic devices. Over the past decade, remarkable advances in atomic-scale synthesis, characterization, and material modeling enable the significant progresses in the understanding and manipulation of ferroic orders and their couplings in h-RFeO3 thin films. These results reveal a physical picture of rich ferroelectric and magnetic phenomena interconnected by a set of structural distortions and spin-lattice couplings, which provides guidance for the control of ferroic orders down to the nano scale and the discovery of novel physical phenomena. This review focus on state-of-the-art studies in complex phenomena related to the ferroelectricity and magnetism as well as the magnetoelectric couplings in multiferroic h-RFeO3, based on mostly the recent experimental efforts, aiming to stimulate fresh ideas in this field.
Measurement of atomic oxygen densities using TALIF on a dielectric barrier discharge: insights into the volume above a micro cavity plasma array
Authors: Steuer David , Bentz Brian Z , Youngman Kevin , van Impel Henrik , Böke Marc , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Golda Judith 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharges, particularly micro cavity plasma arrays, offer significant potential for plasma-catalytic research due to their ability to ignite plasma in direct contact with a catalytic surface, enabling the observation of plasma-surface interactions. A key factor in their application is the generation of reactive species, such as atomic oxygen, within the cavities. These species can interact with both the surface (e.g. for activation or cleaning) and the gas being treated (e.g. for oxidation). Given the central role of oxygen atoms in plasma catalysis and their use as a model for more complex species, this work investigates the transport of these atoms out of the cavities. Two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy with picosecond laser excitation is performed in the volume above the cavities. The results are compared with a basic diffusion model. The reactor operates with a He/O2 mixture at a flow rate of 1 slm and atmospheric pressure. Densities of up to 1016 cm−3 are measured near the surface. Time-dependent measurements show that, at a distance of 350 µm from the surface, a density equilibrium is reached within less than 3 ms of reactor operation. Decay times due to ozone formation after the reactor is turned off are on a similar scale. Spatially resolved measurements show that the oxygen density decreases exponentially from the surface but remains detectable up to approximately 1 mm above the surface, indicating significant application potential. Variations in the O2 admixture show a density maximum at 0.4%, confirming previous helium state enhanced actinometry measurements within the cavities.
Measurements of the Solar Coronal Magnetic Field Based on Coronal Seismology with Propagating Alfvénic Waves: Forward Modeling
Authors: Gao Yuhang , Tian Hui , Van Doorsselaere Tom , Yang Zihao , Guo Mingzhe , Karampelas Konstantinos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent observations have demonstrated the capability of mapping the solar coronal magnetic field using the technique of coronal seismology based on the ubiquitous propagating Alfvénic/kink waves through imaging spectroscopy. We established a magnetohydrodynamic model of a gravitationally stratified open magnetic flux tube, exciting kink waves propagating upwards along the tube. Forward modeling was performed to synthesize the Fe xiii 1074.7 and 1079.8 nm spectral line profiles, which were then used to determine the wave phase speed, plasma density, and magnetic field with seismology method. A comparison between the seismologically inferred results and the corresponding input values verifies the reliability of the seismology method. In addition, we also identified some factors that could lead to errors during magnetic field measurements. Our results may serve as a valuable reference for current and future coronal magnetic field measurements based on observations of propagating kink waves.
Divertor footprint modeling due to RMP in HL-2A and role of plasma response
Authors: Dong G.Q. , Liu Y.Q. , Hao G.Z. , Zhang S.L. , Wu N. , Gao J.M. , Sun T.F. , Wang A. , Wang S. , Zhang N. , Wang L. , Li C.Y. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The divertor heat flux footprint is modeled for the HL-2A discharge, in the presence of the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) applied to control the edge-localized mode. Both the magnetic field lines and the guiding-center drift orbits of test thermal ions are traced, based on the computed plasma response to the RMP. Toroidal modeling identifies a reason—a vertical shift of the plasma separatrix—for the observed upper shift of the heat flux footprint during the initial phase of the RMP application in the experiment. While both the field-line tracing and particle orbit tracing replicate the experimental observation reasonably well, the latter approach is found to produce results that better align with the measured heat flux peaking along the divertor leg. A sensitivity investigation of the simulated footprint location and width against the assumed plasma response models—the conventional fluid model, the fluid model with strong parallel sound wave damping (SWD), and magnetohydrodynamic-kinetic hybrid mode—reveals that the fluid model with SWD yields the best agreement with the experiment, due to the fact that this model produces a stronger field response inside the plasma. These toroidal modeling results, while helping explain and interpret the experimental observations in HL-2A, provide physics insight to guide divertor footprint control via RMP in the future high-performance experiments in devices such as HL-3.
Analysis of thermal protection effect and lip passivation of forward-facing cavity at high Mach number
Authors: Duan Zhenkun , Peng Wuyu , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the development of various technologies, the demand for high Mach number (Mach number greater than 8) aircraft is increasing. The requirements for hypersonic drag reduction and thermal protection are constantly increasing. At the present stage, there are relatively few researches on hypersonic drag reduction and thermal protection schemes considering the real gas effect. It is necessary to further study the flow characteristics and rules, and the applicability of drag reduction and thermal protection schemes under high Mach numbers. In this paper, the cylindrical and spherical shapes with Mach 16.5 are simulated. A series of studies are carried out on the forward-facing cavity. It is concluded that the forward-facing cavity can provide a good thermal protection effect, but the drag reduction effect is not good. What is more, the space of the cavity is larger, the diameter is longer, the ratio of the depth and length of the cavity is smaller, and the thermal protection effect is better. In addition, the lip passivation of different configurations of shallow cavity and deep cavity was studied. It is found that different shapes have different results.
Global reliability sensitivity analysis based on subset simulation and space partition method
Authors: Zhao Xiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The global reliability sensitivity analysis assesses how the model’s failure probability is impacted by uncertainty in input variables, and the importance ranking obtained by the analysis can directly provide effective information on how to decrease the structure’s failure probability. The subset simulation method is combined with the space partition method to solve the variables’ significance measure to overcome the problem of low computational efficiency of traditional methods. In accordance with the failure probability of the subset simulation calculation, the samples generated by this process are statistically processed by the space partition method. Based on the features of stratified sampling in subset simulation, the formula of applicable conditional expectation is derived with the probability stratification information as the weight so as to calculate the random variables’ first-order global reliability sensitivity index. Because the quantity of samples utilized in the proposed method is independent of the dimensions of the problem, the computation’s effectiveness is effectively raised. Ultimately, the suggested approach’s validity is confirmed through a practical example.