bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and strategies for hypertension management: qualitative analysis of small primary care practices with varying blood pressure control
Authors: Smolen Jenny R , Wang Jason J , Anane Sheila P 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Electronic health record (EHR) data on blood pressure (BP) control among patients with hypertension show that practices’ rates vary greatly. This suggests providers use different approaches in managing hypertension, and so we aimed to explore challenges small primary care practice providers face and strategies they use to manage patients’ BP. We explored differences between providers with high and low BP control rates to help inform future quality improvement work.

Methods
In 2015, we recruited practices in New York City with five or fewer providers. We employed a stratified purposeful sampling method, using EHR data to categorize small practices into groups based on the proportion of patients with hypertension whose last BP was <140/90: high control (>= 80%), average control (60–80%) and low control (<60%). We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with clinicians from 23 practices—7 high control, 10 average control and 6 low control—regarding hypertension management. We used a combined inductive/deductive approach to identify key themes, and these themes guided a comparison of high and low BP control providers.

Results
Small practice providers reported treatment non-adherence as one of the primary challenges in managing patients’ hypertension, and described using patient education, relationship building and self-management tools to address this issue. Providers differed qualitatively in the way they described using these strategies; high BP control providers described more actively engaging and listening to patients than low control providers did.

Conclusions
How providers communicate with patients may impact outcomes—future quality improvement initiatives should consider trainings to improve patient–provider communication.
Native Species Abundance Buffers Non-Native Plant Invasibility following Intermediate Forest Management Disturbances
Authors: Chance Donald P , McCollum Johannah R , Street Garrett M , Strickland Bronson K , Lashley Marcus A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The biotic resistance hypothesis (BRH) was proposed to explain why intermediate disturbances lead to greater resistance to non-native invasions proposing communities that are more diverse provide greater resistance. However, several empirical data sets have rejected the BRH because native and non-native species richness often have a positive relation. We tested the BRH in a mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forest with a gradient of disturbance intensities including canopy reduction, canopy reduction + fire, and canopy reduction + herbicide and fire. We analyzed data from the study using a combination of Pearson’s correlation and beta regressions. Using species richness, we too would reject BRH because of a positive correlation in species richness between native and non-native plants. However, native species abundance was greatest, and non-native species abundance was lowest following intermediate disturbances. Further, native and non-native species abundances were negatively correlated in a quadratic relation across disturbance intensities, suggesting that native species abundance, rather than richness, may be the mechanism of resistance to non-native invasions. We propose that native species abundance regulates resistance to non-native invasions and that intermediate disturbances provide the greatest resistance because they promote the greatest native species abundance.
Homogenization approximations for unidirectional transport past randomly distributed sinks
Authors: Russell Matthew J , Jensen Oliver E 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Transport in biological systems often occurs in complex spatial environments involving random structures. Motivated by such applications, we investigate an idealized model for solute transport past an array of point sinks, randomly distributed along a line, which remove solute via first-order kinetics. Random sink locations give rise to long-range spatial correlations in the solute field and influence the mean concentration. We present a non-standard approach in evaluating these features based on rationally approximating integrals of a suitable Green’s function, which accommodates contributions varying on short and long lengthscales and has deterministic and stochastic components. We refine the results of classical two-scale methods for a periodic sink array (giving more accurate higher-order corrections with non-local contributions) and find explicit predictions for the fluctuations in concentration and disorder-induced corrections to the mean for both weakly and strongly disordered sink locations. Our predictions are validated across a large region of parameter space.
Beyond digitization? Digital humanities and the case of Hebrew literature
Authors: Marienberg-Milikowsky Itay 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis short article discusses whether it matters if non-computational colleagues fail to understand our (i.e. the digital humanists) work. The case study of the article is Hebrew literature and its community of scholars: surprisingly, despite the fact that the initial conditions are promising, it would appear that the digital humanities do not find access into the departments of Hebrew literature and the journals dedicated to it easy to come by. The article examines the reasons for this and describes a possible remedy for it—one where a conceptual rather than a technical foundation would provide the basis for a fruitful and critical dialogue between computational researchers and the rest. Such an approach is necessary not just for the research of small-scale literatures but also for the development of (computational) literary studies in general.
It’s a Consumptagenic World
Authors: Friel Sharon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter identifies a system in which some of the key drivers of health inequity fuel climate change, which in turn fuels further inequity. This process is based on excessive production and consumption; it constitutes a consumptagenic system. The chapter tracks the evolution of the consumptagenic system through the globalization of a market-based and fossil fuel–dependent economic system. It describes the addiction of this system to economic growth as the ultimate goal and to forms of consumption that are highly polluting. The last parts of the chapter focus on the roles of an industrial food system and urbanization as two central cogs in the consumptagenic system that is pushing our planet toward irreparable destabilization. The subsequent impacts, from climate change and health equity, of both of these systems (industrial food system and urbanization) are then described.
A Sort of Psychodrama
Authors: Margulies Ivone 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the political and cultural contours of the late 1950s impetus for autocritique in France, focusing on two films engaged with antiracist role-play and self-awareness: The Human Pyramid (Jean Rouch, 1959) and Chronicle of a Summer (Rouch and Morin, 1961). The chapter tracks the reception of psychodrama and group dynamics in late 1950s France correlating interests on authenticity, self-determination, and racism apparent in publications such as Arguments (Morin’s coedited journal) to cinema verité’s intent to stage a transformative process on camera. This program coalesces in Chronicle’s notorious postscreening scene, and it also emerges in The Human Pyramid’s suspended resolution in achieving an integration between French and African students at a high school in Ivory Coast. The quandaries of trying to register process in film are highlighted in the fixation with authentic emergent speech in cinema verité and in analyses of the brilliant ruptures of registers in The Human Pyramid.
Ascetic Stages
Authors: Margulies Ivone 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the relationship between the spare, concentrated theatricality aesthetics favored by post-Holocaust cinema and the imperatives of modern and contemporary testimonial reenactment in posttraumatic situations. It examines the convergence between cinema, the courtroom, and in-person reenactment in Rouch, Morin, and Lanzmann’s cinema, discussing how the viewer is implicated in these post-verité reenactments (Williams, Nichols). The chapter looks in particular to the monologue reenactment as a privileged form of testimonial in situations evoking atrocities (Ganda’s monologue in Moi un Noir, Marceline’s in Chronicle of a Summer, and Karski’s in The Karski’s Report). It relates these films’ conflation of past and present to other revisitations of empty sites in Night and Fog and testimony films such as Time of the Ghetto (Rossif, 1961) as well as Loridan Iven’s La petite prairie aux bouleaux. And it discusses the repetitive movements of Lanzmann’s touching camera as a form of phatic reenactment.
The Marvel of Martyrdom
Authors: Moskalenko Sophia , McCauley Clark 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
THE MARVEL OF MARTYRDOM is about how martyrs can change the world and how self-sacrifice can change lives. The book starts with famous and influential martyrs, such as Jesus and Gandhi. But the pinnacles of martyrdom can only be reached via the plains of everyday selflessness. Every martyr examined began with smaller forms of self-sacrifice familiar to everyone—every parent, every lover, every friend. Every famous martyr succeeded in challenging injustice by appealing to people’s capacity to appreciate self-sacrifice and to follow in the martyr’s footsteps with sacrifices of their own. Unravelling how martyr stories spread from a few witnesses to millions of people, the authors consider martyrdom and self-sacrifice together in cases of notable martyrs (Andrej Sakharov) and less-well known ones (The Heaven’s Hundred), fake martyrs (Horst Wessel), and fictional ones (Harry Potter). They identify Seven Ideal Conditions for Martyrdom, an empirically testable framework for how martyr stories go viral. Using studies in criminology, social psychology, and behavioral economics, they propose a theory of how martyrdom can turn peaceful protest into regime-toppling revolutions like the Arab Spring and the Ukrainian Revolution of 2014. Claiming that suicide bombers are martyrs, terrorists have used the power of martyrdom against their Western targets. The book sets the record straight and offers three ways to defend against the psychological threat of terrorism. In the abundance, safety, and individualism of modern Western life, the power of self-sacrifice is not obvious. This book shows how it can make our lives richer and more meaningful.
Prosecuting the President
Authors: Coan Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The first special prosecutor was appointed by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1875. Ever since, presidents of both parties have appointed special prosecutors and empowered them to operate with unusual independence. In short order, such appointments became a standard method for neutralizing political scandals and demonstrating the president’s commitment to the rule of law. This long, mostly forgotten history shows that special prosecutors can do much to protect the rule of law under the right circumstances. It also shows that they are fallible. Many have been thwarted by the formidable challenges of investigating a sitting president and his close associates. Some have abused the powers entrusted to them. Yet such cases are rare. At their best, special prosecutors function as avatars of the people channeling an unfocused popular will to safeguard the rule of law. But special prosecutors can function effectively only if the people care about holding the president accountable. If a president thinks he can fire a special prosecutor without incurring serious political damage, he has the power to do so. Ultimately, only the American people can decide whether the president is above the law. At any given moment, this question can seem like a purely partisan one. All Americans, however, have a profound stake in preserving the “government of laws and not of men” passed down to us by previous generations. Prosecuting the President provides the information every American needs to perform this civic duty intelligently and responsibly.
Turning Cuts into Growth
Authors: Andreas Jan-Justus 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter applies the Index of Policy Activity (IPA) to key climate and energy policies in Germany and the UK over fifteen years. It reveals a mixed picture regarding changes in the intensity of renewable energy and climate policies since the 2007–8 financial crisis, but finds that there has been deliberate and indirect policy dismantling in both states. Active policy dismantling is most evident in the UK. The chapter makes a novel contribution through its application of the IPA’s ‘budget’ indicator and reveals the importance of international targets, such as the European Union’s 2020 Strategy, in keeping governments on track.
Natural Resources, Country Size, and Development
Authors: Auty Richard M. , Furlonge Haydn I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
More than two decades of statistical analysis have failed to establish whether a resource curse exists. This chapter complements the statistical analyses with a nuanced political economy case study approach that recognizes the resource curse as part of a broader rent curse that can be caused by geopolitical rent, regulatory rent, and labour remittances as well as resource rent. Two rent-driven political economy models, which are exemplified by high-rent Trinidad and Tobago and low-rent Mauritius, explain the divergent growth post-1960 in five major global developing regions. This chapter argues that changes in the global intensity of the rent curse reflect policy fashions. A bias to industrialization, mainly through import substitution, proved especially ill-suited to small economies, which comprised the majority of developing economies. However, changing global technology improves prospects for balanced development by facilitating diversification into export services and productive agriculture.
The Rent-Seeking Legacy of the Plantation Economy in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Auty Richard M. , Furlonge Haydn I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The sugar plantation established rent-seeking in Trinidad and Tobago, drawing geopolitical rent from trade preferences, along with an ethnically diverse population living at a basic level of welfare. Colonial efforts to encourage investment to boost productivity and raise the income of a more compact workforce to UK levels coincided with democratization. This had the unintended consequence in Trinidad and Tobago of stimulating excessive rent-seeking, which eliminated plantation profitability in the 1960s. However, this chapter argues that the plantation is a more flexible development institution than both dependency theorists like Best and mainstream economists like Baldwin assume. In contrast to Trinidad and Tobago, Mauritius’s sugar plantations successfully reformed and prospered under developmental government policies running hard budget constraints.
The Staple Trap in High-Rent Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Auty Richard M. , Furlonge Haydn I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The development trajectory of high-rent Trinidad and Tobago since the 1960s provides an example of the staple trap model. An extra-parliamentary disturbance combined with large oil windfalls through 1974–78 and 1979–81 to deflect an initially cautious developmental government into executing an overambitious strategy of gas-based industrialization. The economy experienced a growth collapse when oil prices faltered, which was protracted and sharply reduced average incomes. Eventual recovery relied on monetizing natural gas, however, which proved a minimum diversification away from hydrocarbon dependence, testifying to the inertia of rent-seeking once established. Governments need to build a political consensus to deploy rent for efficient economic growth. Chapter 5 shows how Mauritius achieved this.
Prospective Growth Impacts of Export Services
Authors: Auty Richard M. , Furlonge Haydn I. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Since the 1980s, sophisticated export services in India have outpaced manufacturing in driving rapid growth of the economy and labour productivity. Prior to this, India repressed its emerging comparative advantage in labour-intensive manufactures and agriculture, and created large regulatory rents to pursue a heavy industry big push during 1955–65. A growth collapse of the mid-1960s ushered in two decades of slow economic growth and rising surplus labour until expanding debt forced faster reform. The dynamism of Indian export services reflects light regulation and investment by nationals linked to ICT companies in Silicon Valley and Greater Boston. The Gulf states also generated insufficient employment, but through resource-based industrialization that traced a staple trap trajectory. Governments responded by overexpanding public sector employment, which proved unsustainable and triggered a protracted growth collapse. Gulf governments may need to run undervalued exchange rates if export services are to absorb nationals from the public sector into productive private sector employment.
Liberal Imperialism and Wilkie Collins’s Antonina
Authors: Eastlake Laura 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter outlines how the British empire from the late eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries was transformed from a naval, commercialist enterprise, for which ancient Greece and the maritime Athenian empire had proven a much more fitting parallel, to an expansionist, land-based project, which drew increasingly on Roman models. It outlines how imperial expansion from the 1840s catalysed a shift away from the mercantile manliness of previous centuries, towards the privileging of militaristic masculinities more in keeping with a robust, expanding empire. The second part of the chapter looks in detail at Wilkie Collins’s first published novel Antonina (1850), which, in a marked departure from the ‘antique fictions’ of earlier nineteenth-century novelists, embraces Rome in order to celebrate a liberal imperial style of masculinity and a hybrid Romano-Germanic cultural identity for Britain’s imperial male.
Rome, London, and Condemning the Metropolitan Male
Authors: Eastlake Laura 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the possibilities that ancient Rome afforded to writers of the fin de siècle for exploring the nature of the London metropolis, which was at once the glittering capital of empire and a site of overcrowding, disease, and perceived degeneration. Through an examination of contemporary journalism, literature, and the late Victorian popular theatre phenomenon of the toga play, it traces the growing anxieties among conservative critics like Max Nordau about the moral and physical condition of the London metropolitan male, who became increasingly linked with narratives of decline and fall and with Rome’s more corrupt emperors.
Adding Lithium to Drinking Water for Suicide Prevention—The Ethics
Authors: Ng Jared , Sjöstrand Manne , Eyal Nir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent observations associate naturally occurring trace levels of Lithium in ground water with significantly lower suicide rates. It has been suggested that adding trace Lithium to drinking water could be a safe and effective way to reduce suicide. This article discusses the many ethical implications of such population-wide Lithium medication. It compares this policy to more targeted solutions that introduce trace amounts of Lithium to groups at higher risk of suicide or lower risk of adverse effects. The question of mass treatment with Lithium recalls other choices in public health between population-wide and more targeted interventions. The framework we propose could be relevant to some of these other dilemmas.
Priors and Posteriors in Bayesian Timing of Divergence Analyses: The Age of Butterflies Revisited
Authors: Chazot Nicolas , Wahlberg Niklas , Freitas André Victor Lucci , Mitter Charles , Labandeira Conrad , Sohn Jae-Cheon , Sahoo Ranjit Kumar , Seraphim Noemy , de Jong Rienk , Heikkilä Maria 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The need for robust estimates of times of divergence is essential for downstream analyses, yet assessing this robustness is still rare. We generated a time-calibrated genus-level phylogeny of butterflies (Papilionoidea), including 994 taxa, up to 10 gene fragments and an unprecedented set of 12 fossils and 10 host-plant node calibration points. We compared marginal priors and posterior distributions to assess the relative importance of the former on the latter. This approach revealed a strong influence of the set of priors on the root age but for most calibrated nodes posterior distributions shifted from the marginal prior, indicating significant information in the molecular data set. Using a very conservative approach we estimated an origin of butterflies at 107.6 Ma, approximately equivalent to the latest Early Cretaceous, with a credibility interval ranging from 89.5 Ma (mid Late Cretaceous) to 129.5 Ma (mid Early Cretaceous). In addition, we tested the effects of changing fossil calibration priors, tree prior, different sets of calibrations and different sampling fractions but our estimate remained robust to these alternative assumptions. With 994 genera, this tree provides a comprehensive source of secondary calibrations for studies on butterflies.
A reptilian endogenous foamy virus sheds light on the early evolution of retroviruses
Authors: Wei Xiaoman , Chen Yicong , Duan Guangqian , Holmes Edward C , Cui Jie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) represent host genomic ‘fossils’ of ancient viruses. Foamy viruses, including those that form endogenous copies, provide strong evidence for virus-host co-divergence across the vertebrate phylogeny. Endogenous foamy viruses (EFVs) have previously been discovered in mammals, amphibians, and fish. Here we report a novel endogenous foamy virus, termed ERV-Spuma-Spu, in genome of the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus), an endangered reptile species endemic to New Zealand. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that foamy viruses have likely co-diverged with their hosts over many millions of years. The discovery of ERV-Spuma-Spu fills a major gap in the fossil record of foamy viruses and provides important insights into the early evolution of retroviruses.