bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sorption characteristics of subtropical fruit – Lucuma powder
Authors: Durakova A , Bogoeva A , Krasteva R , Gogova T , Krasteva A , Georgieva N 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The current scientific research is focused on the Lucuma powder. We were determined the moisture equilibrium data (adsorption and desorption) at three different temperatures: 10°C, 25°C and 40°C and relative humidity from 0.11 to 0.90, using the static gravimetric method of saturated salt solution. The results showed that the sorption capacity decreased when the temperature increases in the conditions of constant water activity. We were used four different mathematical models – modified Chung–Pfost, modified Oswin, modified Halsey and modified Henderson for description of isotherms of Lucuma powder. According to obtained experimental data, we were recommended the modified Halsey model for description satisfactorily the sorption isotherms of powder.
Fabrication of Fe3Al cladding layers by cold metal transfer arc deposited technique
Authors: Chen Chen , Zhao Jingyu , Zhou Jian , Xue Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fe3Al cladding layers were fabricated on the steel plate using cold metal transfer arc deposited technique. The effect of current intensity on the morphologies, microstructures, and mechanical properties of the cladding layers was investigated. Under low-current conditions, the Fe3Al cladding layer exhibited excellent formability, favourable wettability, and low dilution rate without defects such as gas holes and cracks. The cladding layer was composed of Fe3Al phase and FeAl phase. The microstructure of the cladding layer was divided into a fine grain zone, a columnar grain zone, and an equiaxed grain zone. A transition layer appeared at Fe3Al/steel interface, and the bonding strength between the cladding layer and steel plate was high. With increasing current, cracks were generated at Fe3Al/steel interface and the bonding strength was reduced.
Numerical simulation of Kerr nonlinear systems; analyzing non-classical dynamics
Authors: Agasti Souvik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We simulate coherent driven free dissipative Kerr nonlinear system numerically using Euler’s method by solving Heisenberg equation of motion and time evolving block decimation (TEBD) algorithm, and demonstrate how the numerical results are analogous to classical bistability. The comparison with analytics show that the TEBD numerics follow the quantum mechanical exact solution obtained by mapping the equation of motion of the density matrix of the system to a Fokker-Plank equation . Comparing between two different numerical techniques, we see that the semi-classical Euler’s method gives the dynamics of the system field of one among two coherent branches, whereas TEBD numerics generate the superposition of both of them. Therefore, the time dynamics determined by TEBD numerical method undergoes through a non-classical state which is also shown by determining second order correlation function.
Role of Blood Pressure in Mediating Carotid Artery Dilation in Response to Sympathetic Stimulation in Healthy, Middle-Aged Individuals
Authors: Peace Arron , Pinna Virginia , Timmen Friso , Speretta Guillherme , Jones Helen , Lotto Robyn , Jones Ian , Thijssen Dick 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Carotid artery diameter responses to sympathetic stimulation, i.e., carotid artery reactivity (CAR), represent a novel test of vascular health and relates to cardiovascular disease (CVD)/risk. This study aims to understand the relationship between the increase in blood pressure and carotid artery diameter response during the CAR-test in healthy, middle-aged men.

Methods
Sample consisted of 40 normotensive men (aged 31–59 years) with no history of CVD of currently taking medication. Noninvasive ultrasound was used to measure carotid artery diameter during the cold pressor test (CPT), with CAR% being calculated as the relative change from baseline (%). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured with beat-to-beat blood pressure recording.

Results
CAR% was 4.4 ± 5.4%, peaking at 92 ± 43 seconds. MAP increased from 88 ± 9 mmHg to 110 ± 15 mmHg, peaked at 112 ± 38 seconds, which was significantly later than the diameter peak (P = 0.04). The correlation between resting MAP and CAR% was weak (r = 0.209 P = 0.197). Tertiles based on resting MAP or MAP-increase revealed no significant differences between groups in subject characteristics including age, body mass index, or CAR% (all P &gt; 0.05). Subgroup analysis of individuals with carotid constriction (n = 6) vs. dilation (n = 34), revealed no significant difference in resting MAP or increase in MAP (P = 0.209 and 0.272, respectively).

Conclusion
Our data suggest that the characteristic increase in MAP during the CPT does not mediate carotid artery vasomotion.
Ecometric modelling of tooth shape and precipitation gradients among lemurs on Madagascar
Authors: Fulwood Ethan L 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEcometric modelling relates spatial environmental variables to phenotypic characters to better understand morphological adaptation and help reconstruct past environments. Here, the community means of the dental topography metrics Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) and orientation patch count (OPC) are tested against annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality among lemurs across Madagascar. Dry, seasonal environments are expected to be associated with high DNE and OPC, as lemurs living in these environments are more likely to rely on tougher foods. Ecometric models are also used to calculate ecometric loads for lemur taxa hypothesized to be experiencing evolutionary disequilibria and to reconstruct annual precipitation and precipitation seasonality at the ~500 years BP subfossil cave site of Ankilitelo. DNE was highest in highly seasonal but wet environments. Seasonal exploitation of fallback foods and the availability of new leaves during wet periods may be most important in driving community DNE. OPC was weakly predicted by annual precipitation and seasonality but its distribution appeared to be driven by a stepwise increase in its community values in rainforest environments. The lemur fauna from Ankilitelo appears to resemble communities from moister environments than occur in the spiny desert zone in which the site is situated today.
Right ventricular strain rate during exercise accurately identifies male athletes with right ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Claeys Mathias , Claessen Guido , Claus Piet , De Bosscher Ruben , Dausin Christoph , Voigt Jens-Uwe , Willems Rik , Heidbuchel Hein , La Gerche Andre 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
Athletes with right ventricular (RV) arrhythmias, even in the absence of desmosomal mutations, may have subtle RV abnormalities which can be unmasked by deformation imaging. As exercise places a disproportionate stress on the right ventricle, evaluation of cardiac function and deformation during exercise might improve diagnostic performance.

Methods and results
We performed bicycle stress echocardiography in 17 apparently healthy endurance athletes (EAs), 12 non-athletic controls (NAs), and 17 athletes with RV arrhythmias without desmosomal mutations (EI-ARVCs) and compared biventricular function at rest and during low (25% of upright peak power) and moderate intensity (60%). At rest, we observed no differences in left ventricular (LV) or RV function between groups. During exercise, however, the increase in RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV free wall strain (RVFWSL), and strain rate (RVFWSRL) were significantly attenuated in EI-ARVCs as compared to EAs and NAs. At moderate exercise intensity, EI-ARVCs had a lower RVFAC, RVFWSL, and RVFWSRL (all P < 0.01) compared to the control groups. Exercise-related increases in LV ejection fraction, strain, and strain rate were also attenuated in EI-ARVCs (P < 0.05 for interaction). Exercise but not resting parameters identified EI-ARVCs and RVFWSRL with a cut-off value of >−2.35 at moderate exercise intensity had the greatest accuracy to detect EI-ARVCs (area under the curve 0.95).

Conclusion
Exercise deformation imaging holds promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool to identify intrinsic RV dysfunction concealed at rest. Strain rate appears to be the most accurate parameter and should be incorporated in future, prospective studies to identify subclinical disease in an early stage.
Fluorouracil-induced Takotsubo cardiomyopathy causing cardiogenic shock: a case report of clinical and acute cardiac magnetic resonance imaging features
Authors: Joy George , Eissa Hany , Al Karoudi Riyad , White Steven K 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS) is an extremely rare complication of fluorouracil containing chemotherapy regimes such as FOLFOX used for colorectal cancer, occurring in only five previous case reports. Due to its potentially fatal outcomes, yet infrequent presence in the literature, it is worthwhile reviewing the clinical features and outcomes of this phenomenon.

Case summary
A 54-year-old lady was admitted with cardiogenic shock. A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) showed mid-ventricle to apical hypokinesis and confirmed TTS. She was managed with inotropes and non-invasive ventilation after which she recovered fully both clinically and in her CMR features 6 weeks following discharge.

Discussion
This is the first case showing the acute CMR features of this complication and highlights the need for awareness of this rarely occurring cardiotoxicity. It also shows the potentially fatal phenomenon can be fully reversible when diagnosed and managed promptly even in patients with metastatic cancer and critical illness.
Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, I: animal gains and forage measures in summer
Authors: Pent Gabriel J , Greiner Scott P , Munsell John F , Tracy Benjamin F , Fike John H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The integration of trees into pasture systems can have variable effects on forage and animal growth. Some reports of these systems have indicated that animal gains are similar or better even when tree presence lowers forage yield. Forage production and animal performance were compared in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)-based and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanthose L.)-based silvopasture systems and open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over three summers. Cool season-based, mixed grass pastures were rotationally stocked with four to seven lambs depending on available forage. A rising plate meter was used to estimate pre- and post-graze forage mass. Forage samples of the mixed sward were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Species percent cover was estimated using a modified Daubenmire approach at the same 12 points within each experimental unit every 4 wk during the study. Pre-graze herbage mass was similar (P = 0.0717) in honeylocust silvopastures (5020 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and open pastures (4930 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and lowest (P &lt; 0.0001) in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg·ha−1). Forages in the black walnut and honeylocust silvopastures had similar (P = 0.4867) N concentrations (23.3 ± 0.4 and 23.9 ± 0.4 g·kg−1, respectively), which was greater (P ≤ 0.0003) than that of the forages in the open pastures (21.0 ± 0.4 g·kg−1). Forages in the honeylocust silvopasture had lower (P ≤ 0.0042) NDF concentrations (507 ± 3 g·kg−1) than forages in the black walnut silvopasture and open pastures (mean = 525 ± 3 g·kg−1). Forage species present in the black walnut silvopastures differed from those present in the open and honeylocust systems, which had similar composition. Despite differences in stocking rates, total lamb weight gains per system did not differ (P ≥ 0.7592) among black walnut, honeylocust, and open pasture systems (10 ± 2, 12 ± 2, and 10 ± 2 kg·d−1, respectively). Silvopasture practices can improve land productivity when incorporated into cool season forage pastures.
The Role of the NICU in Father Involvement, Beliefs, and Confidence
Authors: Hearn Gesine , Clarkson Gina , Day Matthew 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Fathers are important to infant outcomes. Infants of involved fathers have improved weight gain, sleep, and psychosocial behaviors. Father involvement with neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants reduces the length of stay.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore and describe involvement, confidence, and beliefs of fathers of infants who were hospitalized in the NICU and discharged home in order to begin to investigate NICU father involvement from a longitudinal perspective.

Methods:
This exploratory qualitative study was conducted 4 to 5 years after the initial NICU stay using telephone interviews. Fathers who participated in this study were selected from participants of a previous NICU study. Qualitative analysis was conducted using standard procedures for grounded theory.

Results:
Nineteen fathers participated in the study. The major themes were “It was scary,” “Just be there,” “It was rough,” “It's not about yourself,” “A special bond,” and “Almost a treat.” The fathers reported that the NICU providers, nurses, and staff helped them to overcome uncertainty and lack of knowledge, which helped them improve their confidence and involvement during the NICU stay.

Implications for Practice:
Fathers see nurses as a source of support. Nurses can encourage fathers to visit regularly and participate in infant care activities. NICU presence aids fathers in developing confidence and knowledge in parenting during their child's infancy, which can set the stage for ongoing involvement.

Implications for Research:
Future work should continue to focus on longitudinal studies of fathering and the role of the NICU in encouraging involvement and parenting readiness.
The Anatomy of the Clavicle and Its In Vivo Relationship to the Vascular Structures: A 2D and 3D Reconstructive Study Using CT Scans
Authors: Steinmetz Garrett , Conant Scott , Bowlin Barrett , Hamilton John , Allen Judd , Stoner Julie , White Christopher 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:
To describe in detail both the proximity and location of the subclavian vessels relative to both the right and left clavicle. This will give surgeons a more precise knowledge of safe and dangerous areas for screw placement during operative stabilization of clavicle fractures.

Methods:
A radiology storage database was reviewed to obtain a total sample of 103 clavicles with no evidence of periclavicular pathology. Each clavicle was divided along its length into 13 specific points of measurement. At each point, the distance and angular position between the clavicle and each subclavian vessel were measured.

Results:
The mean distance of the subclavian artery was greater than 10 mm at all positions. At the most medial point of the clavicle, the right subclavian artery was on average 1 cm closer to the clavicle than on the left. From medial to lateral, in the sagittal plane, the position of the subclavian artery transitions obliquely across the clavicle from a 2 to 6 o'clock position. The mean distance to the subclavian vein is less than 10 mm along the medial half of the clavicle on both sides of the body. In these areas, the position of the subclavian vein to the clavicle transitions from the 3 to 5 o'clock positions from medial to the mid-point of the clavicle.

Conclusions:
The subclavian vein is the vascular structure at highest risk during clavicle fracture fixation. The major area of danger in our study is the medial clavicle with distance being less than 1 centimeter over the entire medial half of the clavicle on both right and left. In this danger area, the subclavian vein courses from 3 to 5 o'clock positions. The subclavian artery is more distant and relatively safer but is closer at the right medial clavicle than the left.
Cutaneous Histiocytic Sarcoma With Cellular Cannibalism
Authors: Nanri Aya , Katayama Eri , Imamura Taichi , Muto Ikko , Saruta Hiroshi , Akiba Jun , Ohshima Koichi , Nakama Takekuni , Ohata Chika 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
Cutaneous histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant tumor. An 82-year-old woman presented with a 4 × 2-cm irregular-shaped red nodule on the left posterior scalp. A biopsy specimen revealed sheets of pleomorphic atypical cells in the dermis and subcutis. A diagnosis of HS was made based on the results of a panel of immunohistochemical stains that revealed positivity of leukocyte common antigen, CD4, CD163, and HLA-DR. At the time of resection, the tumor grew rapidly to 12 × 6.5 × 5 cm in size in 2 months. The resected tumor comprised round, oval, plasmacytoid, and spindled cells. Signet-ring cell type tumor cells were also observed. The histiocytic nature of HS was confirmed owing to the presence of cellular cannibalism, emperipolesis, Langhans giant cell–like cells, Touton giant cell–like cells, foreign-body giant cell–like cells, and hemosiderin laden cells. In some foci, a storiform pattern and fascicular pattern were occasionally observed. Local recurrence occurred shortly after resection. Subsequent radiation therapy showed insufficient effectiveness. It is challenging to make a diagnosis of HS without performing immunohistochemical studies; however, a variety of histiocytic features confirmed in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections may suggest HS.
Differences in regional grey matter volume of the brain are related to mean blood pressure and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive humans
Authors: Kobuch Sophie , Fatouleh Rania H. , Macefield Julius M. , Henderson Luke A. , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: September 2019

Objectives:The brainstem plays a critically important role in the beat-to-beat control of blood pressure, as well as setting mean blood pressure (MBP). We recently showed that regional cerebral blood flow to specific brainstem nuclei is inversely related to resting MBP in healthy normotensive individuals. Here we tested the hypothesis that grey matter volume in these same nuclei, and areas above the brainstem to which they are connected, is also associated with resting MBP and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA).Methods:Structural MRI of the brain and recordings of MSNA and BP were collected in 54 healthy participants. Subjects were divided into a lower MBP group (mean ± SEM 78.8 ± 1.5 mmHg,n=27) and higher MBP group (96.6 ± 1.2 mmHg,n = 27), as well as into a lower MSNA (9.5 ± 0.8 bursts/min,n = 27) and higher MSNA (25.4 ± 1.2 bursts/min,n = 27) group.Results:Regional grey matter volume was higher in the region of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, nucleus tractus solitarius, and medullary raphe in the group with higher MBP and correlated significantly with mean MBP across all participants. Grey matter volume was significantly higher in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anterior and posterior cingulate cortices in the group with lower MSNA and was inversely related to MSNA across all participants.Conclusion:We conclude that small differences in MBP and MSNA are associated with significant differences in grey matter volume in cortical and subcortical regions known to be involved in blood pressure regulation, suggesting that these structural differences contribute to resting MBP and MSNA and can predict the establishment of hypertension.
Concurrent heterozygous Von-Hippel–Lindau and transmembrane-protein-127 gene mutation causing an erythropoietin-secreting pheochromocytoma in a normotensive patient with severe erythrocytosis
Authors: Negro Aurelio , Graiani Gallia , Nicoli Davide , Farnetti Enrico , Casali Bruno , Verzicco Ignazio , Tedeschi Stefano , Ghirarduzzi Angelo , Cannone Valentina , Marco Loredana D.E. , Filice Angela , Gemelli Giuseppe , Giunta Alessandro , Cabassi Aderville 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Mutations of genes related to Krebs cycle enzymes, kinases or to pseudohypoxic signaling pathways, including Von-Hippel–Lindau (VHL) and transmembrane-protein-127 predispose to pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma development. Homozygous loss of function mutation of VHL (VHL 598C>T) gene can associate with polycythemia because of an altered hypoxia sensing.

Patient:
A 19-year-old normotensive man presented with headache, fatigue associated with severe erythrocytosis (hematocrit 76%), high hemoglobin (25.3 g/dl) in normoxic condition. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked hyperplasia of erythroid series. The Janus kinase 2 (V617F) mutation was absent. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed a 8-mm left adrenal pheochromocytoma with tracer uptake on 68GaDOTA-octreotate PET. Twenty-four-hour urinary metanephrine excretion was slightly increased, while normetanephrine, 3-methoxytyramine were normal. Adrenal veins sampling showed high left-side erythropoietin secretion.

Results:
Next-generation sequencing genetic analysis evidenced two concurrent heterozygous mutation of VHL598C>T and of transmembrane-protein-127 c.268G>A. Left side adrenalectomy improved symptoms, erythrocytosis, hemoglobin, and erythropoietin circulating levels. Adrenal histologic sections showed a pheochromocytoma with extensive immunostaining for erythropoietin, but also coexpression of chromogranin A, a marker of chromaffin tissue.

Conclusion:
Congenital polycythemia was clinically diagnosed, mimicking Chuvash polycythemia. Chuvash polycythemia is an autosomal recessive disorder that usually harbors a homozygous mutation of VHL598C>T but not predispose to pheochromocytoma development; in contrast our patient showed for the first time that the concurrent heterozygous VHL and TMEM mutations, resulted in a clinical phenotype of a normotensive patient with polycythemia due to erythropoietin-secreting pheochromocytoma that improved after adrenalectomy.
N-acetylcysteine and atorvastatin alleviates lung injury due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Guo Da-Wei , Wang Chien-Ying , Shih Hsin-Chin 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Acute lung injury is a major cause of death following severe injury and ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We investigated the protective effect of pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and atorvastatin (ATOR) in a mesenteric IR rat model.

Methods:
Male rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: sham; mesenteric IR; and ATOR, NAC, ATOR + NAC (A + N) pretreatment followed by IR. Blood gas and cytokine levels, biochemistry, and cell count were analyzed. Lung injury was evaluated through histopathology and by using the wet-to-dry lung weight (W/D) ratio.

Results:
Following IR, significant changes were noted in biochemistry, cytokine, and lung injury. Compared with those in the IR group, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were lower in all pretreatment groups, and creatinine and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels were lower only in the A + N group. Blood pH and base excess (BE) were higher, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (PvCO2) lowered significantly in the ATOR and A + N groups than those in the IR group, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels increased only in the A + N group. Lung injury scores and W/D indicated significant attenuation in the A + N group. Compared with those in the IR group, tissue tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly lower in all the pretreatment groups and interleukin-1β levels were lower in the A + N group.

Conclusion:
NAC and ATOR decreased inflammation and lung injury following mesenteric IR in rats. NAC and ATOR may alleviate lung injury more efficiently in combination than individually.