bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P043 Secretome modulation of Caco-2 cell line induced by a multi-strain probiotic
Authors: Petito V , Greco V , Laterza L , Graziani C , Lopetuso L , Scaldaferri F , Urbani A , Gasbarrini A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Probiotics are defined as live, non-pathogenic bacteria that confer health benefits beyond their nutritional value. Particularly VSL#3, a probiotic mix containing 4 strains of Lactobacilli (L. paracasei, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus and L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus*), 3 strains of Bifidobacteria (B. longum**, B. infantis***, B. breve) and Streptococcus thermophilus, has demonstrated efficacy in the management of diseases characterised by increased intestinal permeability such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis.
*Recently reclassified as L. helveticus. **Recently reclassified as B. longum subsp. lactis. ***Recently reclassified as B. infantis subsp. lactis. The aim of the present study was to study secreted bioactive factors to evaluate the mechanisms of action of VSL#3 to enhance intestinal epithelia.

Methods
Two different lots of VSL#3 ( Nutrilinea Srl, Gallarate (VA), Italy, lot #802097 and lot #802100) were used. Caco-2 cell line were treated with a conditioning media (CM) prepared using 1 g of probiotic formula grown in D-MEM cell culture medium (free of serum and antibiotics) at 37°C for 48 h without shaking and in anaerobic conditions. Caco-2 were treated with diluted CM at 1:10 and 1:25 for 24 and 48 h. Media culture for each conditions has been collected and analysed by a deeper proteomics approach. Differential protein expression in was evaluated by shotgun proteomics analysis based on nLC-HDMSE and carried out on Synapt G2-Si mass spectrometer. Protein identification and protein expression analysis were perfomed by Protein Linx Global Server (PLGS v. 3.0.3, Waters Corp).

Results
The analysis of supernatants from Caco-2, treated with CM, showed the presence of bacteria strain-specific proteins. Human proteins synthesised from CaCo-2 were also identified, such as caspase 1, IL8, HSP70, HSP70b, HSP90, HSP105. The production were time- and dose- dependent. In CM diluted 1:10, probiotic derived proteins have been shown to be more expressed at 24 h. Human caspase 1, IL8, HSP 70, HSP 70b, HSP 90, HSP 105 were also found up-regulated in CaCo-2 treated for 24 h with CM diluted 1:10.

Conclusions
This is the first time where a probiotic secretome was explored. The study on probiotic secretome is useful to understand if the probiotic was well reconstituted. Analysis of secretome from CaCo-2 treated with CM helped us to understand the mechanism by probiotics can enhance intestinal barrier: by strengthen the autophagy process, an arm of innate immunity, by overexpression of caspase 1, IL8 and HSP 70, and by HSPs dependent modulation of inflammation.
Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Adalimumab Is Associated With Better Long-term Outcomes Compared With Standard of Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Papamichael Konstantinos , Juncadella Anna , Wong Danny , Rakowsky Shana , Sattler Lindsey A , Campbell James P , Vaughn Byron P , Cheifetz Adam S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] has proven to be effective for optimising anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Nevertheless, the majority of data refer to infliximab and reactive testing or association studies. We aimed to compare the long-term outcome of patients with IBD who received at least one proactive TDM of adalimumab, with standard of care, defined as empirical dose escalation and/or reactive TDM.

Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients on maintenance adalimumab therapy from June 2006 to December 2015 were eligible. We analysed time to treatment failure from start of adalimumab until the end of follow-up [July 2016]. Treatment failure was defined as drug discontinuation for secondary loss of response or serious adverse event or need for IBD-related surgery. Serum adalimumab concentrations and antibodies to adalimumab were measured using the Prometheus homogeneous mobility shift assay.

Results
A total of 382 patients with IBD [Crohn’s disease, n = 311, 81%] were included and received either at least one proactive TDM [n = 53] or standard of care [empirical dose escalation, n = 279; reactive TDM, n = 50]. Patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years [interquartile range, 1.4–4.8 years]. Multiple Cox regression analyses showed that at least one proactive TDM was independently associated with a reduced risk for treatment failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–0.9; p = 0.022).

Conclusions
This multicentre, retrospective cohort study reflecting real-life clinical practice provides the first evidence that proactive TDM of adalimumab may be associated with a lower risk of treatment failure compared with standard of care in patients with IBD.
Predictors of mortality and heart transplantation in patients with Chagas’ cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia treated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
Authors: Gali Wagner L , Sarabanda Alvaro V , Baggio José M , Silva Eduardo F , Gomes Gustavo G , Junqueira Luiz F 
Published: January 2019

AimsData on long-term follow-up of patients with Chagas’ heart disease (ChHD) receiving a secondary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) are limited and its benefit is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of ChHD patients who received a secondary prevention ICD.Methods and resultsWe assessed the outcomes of consecutive ChHD patients referred to our Institution from 2006 to 2014 for a secondary prevention ICD [89 patients; 58 men; mean age 56 ± 11 years; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), 42 ± 12%]. The primary outcome included a composite of death from any cause or heart transplantation. After a mean follow-up of 59 ± 27 months, the primary outcome occurred in 23 patients (5.3% per year). Multivariate analysis showed that LVEF < 35% [hazard ratio (HR) 4.64; P < 0.01] and age ≥ 65 years (HR 3.19; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of the primary outcome. Using these two risk factors, a risk score was developed, and lower- (no risk factors), intermediate- (one risk factor), and higher-risk (two risk factors) groups were recognized with an annual rate of primary outcome of 1.4%, 7.4%, and 20.4%, respectively. A high burden of appropriate ICD therapies (16% per year) and electrical storms were documented, however, ICD interventions did not impact on the primary outcome.ConclusionAmong ChHD patients receiving a secondary prevention ICD, older age (≥65 years) and left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF < 35%) portend a poor outcome and were associated with increased risk of death or heart transplantation. Most patients received appropriate ICD therapies, however, ICD interventions did not impact on the primary outcome.
On the error estimates of a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for second-order elliptic problem with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Chen Gang , Cui Jintao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) methods retain the main advantages of standard discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, including their flexibility in meshing, ease of design and implementation, ease of use within an $hp$-adaptive strategy and preservation of local conservation of physical quantities. Moreover, HDG methods can significantly reduce the number of degrees of freedom, resulting in a substantial reduction of computational cost. In this paper, we study an HDG method for the second-order elliptic problem with discontinuous coefficients. The numerical scheme is proposed on general polygonal and polyhedral meshes with specially designed stabilization parameters. Robust a priori and a posteriori error estimates are derived without a full elliptic regularity assumption. The proposed a posteriori error estimators are proved to be efficient and reliable without a quasi-monotonicity assumption on the diffusion coefficient.
β-Nonintersecting Poisson Random Walks: Law of Large Numbers and Central Limit Theorems
Authors: Huang Jiaoyang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We study the $\beta $ analogue of the nonintersecting Poisson random walks. We derive a stochastic differential equation of the Stieltjes transform of the empirical measure process, which can be viewed as a dynamical version of the Nekrasov’s equation in [7, Section 4]. We find that the empirical measure process converges weakly in the space of cádlág measure-valued processes to a deterministic process, characterized by the quantized free convolution, as introduced in [11]. For suitable initial data, we prove that the rescaled empirical measure process converges weakly in the space of distributions acting on analytic test functions to a Gaussian process. The means and the covariances coincide with those of $\beta $-Dyson Brownian motions with the initial data constructed by the Markov–Krein correspondence. Especially, the covariance structure can be described in terms of the Gaussian free field. Our proof relies on integrable features of the generators of the $\beta $-nonintersecting Poisson random walks, the method of characteristics, and a coupling technique for Poisson random walks.
Correlations Between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and Rectal Gonorrhea Incidence in Men Who Have Sex With Men: Implications for Future HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Trials
Authors: Mullick Charu , Murray Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Using published data, we found a direct correlation between the incidence of rectal gonorrhea and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in men who have sex with men who were not using oral preexposure prophylaxis. HIV incidence was predicted using rectal gonorrhea incidence as the determinant in regression analysis. The observed correlation suggest that rectal gonorrhea incidence can potentially serve as a predictor of HIV incidence. If confirmed with additional data, a quantitative correlation for incidence of the 2 infections could be useful in active-controlled HIV prevention trials where low HIV incidence is expected. Widespread improvements in treatment as prevention and gonorrhea control can negatively impact the correlation and its utility.
MicroRNA-221 and MicroRNA-222 in Common Human Cancers: Expression, Function, and Triggering of Tumor Progression as a Key Modulator
Authors: Amini Sima , Abak Atefe , Sakhinia Ebrahim , Abhari Alireza 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22 nucleotides [nt]), single-stranded RNA oligonucleotides that are regulatory in nature and are often dysregulated in various diseases, including cancer. miRNAs can act as oncomiRs (miRNAs associated with cancer) or tumor suppressor miRNAs and have the potential to be a diagnostic, prognostic, noninvasive biomarker for these diseases. MicroRNA-221 (miR-221) and microRNA-222 (miR-222) are homologous miRNAs, located on the human chromosome Xp11.3, which factored significantly in impairment in the regulation of a wide range of cancers. In this review, we have highlighted the most consistently reported dysregulated miRNAs that trigger human tissues to express cancerous features and surveyed the role of those miRNAs in metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and tumor prognosis. Also, we applied the causes of drug resistance and the role of coordinated actions of these miRNAs to epigenetic changes and selected miRNAs as a potential type of cancer treatment.
A Machine Learning Method for Detecting Autocorrelation of Evolutionary Rates in Large Phylogenies
Authors: Tao Qiqing , Tamura Koichiro , U. Battistuzzi Fabia , Kumar Sudhir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNew species arise from pre-existing species and inherit similar genomes and environments. This predicts greater similarity of the tempo of molecular evolution between direct ancestors and descendants, resulting in autocorrelation of evolutionary rates in the tree of life. Surprisingly, molecular sequence data have not confirmed this expectation, possibly because available methods lack the power to detect autocorrelated rates. Here, we present a machine learning method, CorrTest, to detect the presence of rate autocorrelation in large phylogenies. CorrTest is computationally efficient and performs better than the available state-of-the-art method. Application of CorrTest reveals extensive rate autocorrelation in DNA and amino acid sequence evolution of mammals, birds, insects, metazoans, plants, fungi, parasitic protozoans, and prokaryotes. Therefore, rate autocorrelation is a common phenomenon throughout the tree of life. These findings suggest concordance between molecular and nonmolecular evolutionary patterns, and they will foster unbiased and precise dating of the tree of life.
Virtual Reality Angiogram vs 3-Dimensional Printed Angiogram as an Educational tool—A Comparative Study
Authors: Bairamian David , Liu Shinuo , Eftekhar Behzad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the neurovascular structures has helped preoperative surgical planning. 3D printed models and virtual reality (VR) devices are 2 options to improve 3D stereovision and stereoscopic depth perception of cerebrovascular anatomy for aneurysm surgery.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate and compare the practicality and potential of 3D printed and VR models in a neurosurgical education context.

METHODS
The VR angiogram was introduced through the development and testing of a VR smartphone app. Ten neurosurgical trainees from Australia and New Zealand participated in a 2-part interactive exercise using 3 3D printed and VR angiogram models followed by a questionnaire about their experience. In a separate exercise to investigate the learning curve effect on VR angiogram application, a qualified neurosurgeon was subjected to 15 exercises involving manipulating VR angiograms models.

RESULTS
VR angiogram outperformed 3D printed model in terms of resolution. It had statistically significant advantage in ability to zoom, resolution, ease of manipulation, model durability, and educational potential. VR angiogram had a higher questionnaire total score than 3D models. The 3D printed models had a statistically significant advantage in depth perception and ease of manipulation. The results were independent of trainee year level, sequence of the tests, or anatomy.

CONCLUSION
In selected cases with challenging cerebrovascular anatomy where stereoscopic depth perception is helpful, VR angiogram should be considered as a viable alternative to the 3D printed models for neurosurgical training and preoperative planning. An immersive virtual environment offers excellent resolution and ability to zoom, potentiating it as an untapped educational tool.
Antiretroviral Prescription Pick-up and Physician Follow-up After Hospital Discharge Among Medically Complex People With HIV
Authors: Antoniou Tony , Graves Erin , Plumptre Lesley , Stewart Ann , Chan Carusone Soo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this study, only 22 of 206 (10.7%) socially marginalized individuals living with HIV and multiple comorbid conditions filled a prescription for antiretroviral therapy within 7 days of discharge from an HIV specialty hospital, despite comprehensive discharge planning. Additional interventions facilitating postdischarge continuity of care are required for this population.
Plasmodium vivax Parasite Load Is Associated With Histopathology in Saimiri boliviensis With Findings Comparable to P vivax Pathogenesis in Humans
Authors: Peterson Mariko S , Joyner Chester J , Cordy Regina J , Salinas Jorge L , Machiah Deepa , Lapp Stacey A ,   MaHPIC Consortium, Meyer Esmeralda V S , Gumber Sanjeev , Galinski Mary R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlasmodium vivax can cause severe malaria with multisystem organ dysfunction and death. Clinical reports suggest that parasite accumulation in tissues may contribute to pathogenesis and disease severity, but direct evidence is scarce.MethodsWe present quantitative parasitological and histopathological analyses of tissue sections from a cohort of naive, mostly splenectomized Saimiri boliviensis infected with P vivax to define the relationship of tissue parasite load and histopathology.ResultsThe lung, liver, and kidney showed the most tissue injury, with pathological presentations similar to observations reported from autopsies. Parasite loads correlated with the degree of histopathologic changes in the lung and liver tissues. In contrast, kidney damage was not associated directly with parasite load but with the presence of hemozoin, an inflammatory parasite byproduct.ConclusionsThis analysis supports the use of the S boliviensis infection model for performing detailed histopathological studies to better understand and potentially design interventions to treat serious clinical manifestations caused by P vivax.
Transthoracic Discectomy for Symptomatic Thoracic Disc Herniation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Saadeh Yamaan S , Khalsa Siri S , Smith Brandon W , Joseph Jacob R , Khorfan Rhami F , Park Paul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Thoracic disc herniations are an infrequent occurrence, but can be a cause of significant myelopathy. Diagnosis typically requires a high clinical suspicion that is confirmed with appropriate imaging. Classically, the transthoracic approach for discectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic cases. This video concerns a 48-yr-old woman who presented with worsening mid-back pain and progressive gait difficulty. Her examination was significant for proximal lower extremity muscle weakness, difficulty with tandem gait, and urinary incontinence. Imaging demonstrated a large T7-8 disc herniation causing severe spinal cord compression. The patient underwent T7-8 transthoracic discectomy and interbody fusion. She tolerated the procedure well without complication, and postoperative imaging demonstrated decompression of her spinal cord. On follow-up, she had improved mid-back pain, strength, and ambulatory function.
The patient consented to the recording of this surgical video for potential publication.
Local Government and Health Governance
Authors: Baum Fran 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines how local governance can be most effective in promoting health and then reviews developments in first urban and then rural and regional governance in terms of contributions to health equity, well-being, and sustainability. The chapter notes that while local government can be a positive part of the governance for health, it is not always benign. It can be captured by vested interests whose aim is to profit from development in a city, rather than acting in the interests of the public good. The argument is made that local government requires safeguards so that those who have only a profit motive in mind are not able to capture local authorities or exercise undue influence over them. The characteristics of good local governance are described. Examples are provided of urban and rural local governments acting in the interests of health and equity.
Time Will Tell
Authors: Riess Jones Mari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This book is about time and synchrony and the roles these constructs play in our everyday encounters with events in our world. It focuses on auditory events in music and speech with the aim of demonstrating the potential of concepts such as entrainment and resonance for explaining how we interact, in real time, with these events. The book is divided into two parts. Part I is devoted to introducing basic theoretical concepts such as entrainment and resonance as they apply to rhythmical properties of fast and slow environmental events. Part II applies these concepts to events in music and speech. An overarching theme holds that similar dynamic attending concepts underlie the way we attend to and perceive communicative time patterns in domains of music and speech.
Tuning in to World Events
Authors: Riess Jones Mari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The chapter introduces one of the two major hypotheses in Dynamic Attending Theory (DAT). This is the general attending hypothesis, which maintains that attending to an external event is governed by cortical oscillation(s) involuntarily phase entrained to an event (exogenous entrainment). Selective attending is specifically linked to timed amplitude elevations of exogenously driven oscillations. Voluntary attending can also contribute to momentary attending via selective amplitude elevation of this driven rhythm’s oscillation. Other important topics introduced in this chapter involve phase response curves, which describe driving–driven entrainment, and attending energy curves, which describe allocations of heightened attending energy that figure in expectancy and capture curves of attending. Both regularity and force of the external driving rhythm figure in its entraining potential are described according to the general attending hypothesis.
Tuning in to Slow Events
Authors: Riess Jones Mari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This chapter addresses entrainments in various slow events. It challenges the idea that only slow events that are isochronous are capable of entraining neural oscillations. It tackles entrainments in events that afford quasi-isochronous driving rhythms as well as in events that are markedly non-isochronous (but coherent). Coherent sequences have time patterns as in short-short-long or long-short-short sequences. This is an important chapter as it differentiates two entrainment protocols: traditional mode-locking versus transient mode-locking. Traditional mode-locking is familiar; it describes entrainment when neither the driving rhythm nor the driven rhythm change significantly (fluctuations are all right). Traditional mode-locking is governed by a single (global) attractor. By contrast, transient mode-locking refers to fleeting entrainments to changing driving rhythms, given the persisting period of driven oscillation. This form of mode-locking delivers a series of (local) attractors. This chapter develops these ideas and provides many examples.
Meter and Rhythm
Authors: Riess Jones Mari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The primary goal of this chapter is to establish that meter and rhythm, usually treated as distinctly different structures in music, share similar origins in dynamic attending theory. Against a review of prominent approaches that concentrate on differentiating rhythm from meter, this chapter points out ways in which both types of time structure afford musical driving rhythms. However, meters in music tend to activate metric oscillator clusters in listeners whereas the time patterns of rhythm typically activate rhythmic attractor profiles in listeners. Also discussed in this chapter are accents and distinctions between objective and subjective salience in accents.
Introduction: Questioning the Punitive Paradox
Authors: Koch Insa Lee 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The introduction starts with what many have seen as a worrying paradox: the illiberal turn that liberal democracies have taken with, or perhaps because of, popular support. While commentators have focused on ‘why’ liberal democracy has taken an illiberal turn, the book proposes an alternative starting point that focuses on the ‘how’ and the ‘what’: what democracy means to some of Britain’s most marginalized citizens in the first place and how these citizens engage with the state. It is by shifting the analytical focus to these questions that a more encompassing legacy of state coercion than commonly acknowledged in narratives of the punitive turn can be brought into focus, as well as the possibility of its critique and subversion. The introduction sets out council estates as a historical and ethnographic setting for such a project, outlines the methodology, and introduces the anthropological framework at the core of the book.