bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baddeleyite SK10‐3: A Natural Reference Material for Microbeam U‐Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotopic Measurements
Authors: Chen Ranran , Wu Shitou , Wang Hao , Senger Martin , Paul André Navin , Sylvester Paul J. , Yang Yueheng , Yang Jinhui , Wu Fuyuan 
Published: November 2024

Baddeleyite is an important U‐Pb geochronometer and Hf isotope tracer that commonly occurs as an accessory phase in silica‐undersaturated igneous rocks of terrestrial and extra‐terrestrial origin. Currently, very few well‐characterised, large sized reference materials are available for baddeleyite U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope measurement. In this study, we document a baddeleyite reference material (SK10‐3) of Cenozoic age. SK10‐3 is inclusion‐free and does not contain secondary alteration minerals. The baddeleyite has uniform U‐Pb ages and Hf isotope ratios, within analytical uncertainty, as demonstrated by multiple LA‐ICP‐MS spot analyses (weighted mean 206Pb/238U age: 31.59 ± 0.11 Ma, MSWD = 0.7, n = 197) and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses (arithmetic mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio: 0.282741 ± 59, 2s, n = 188). Seven ID‐TIMS analyses yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 31.592 ± 0.020/0.022/0.040 Ma (n = 7, 2s, MSWD = 2.2). Nine aliquots of MC‐ICP‐MS analyses yielded an arithmetic mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio of 0.282742 ± 8 (2s). We further demonstrate that the method of shallow‐pit (~ 2 μm depth) ablation substantially improves the precision and accuracy of baddeleyite U‐Pb ages. SK10‐3 has a relatively high 176Yb/177Hf ratio (~ 0.007) compared with most other baddeleyites, allowing the precise measurement of βYb and may be useful in generating the βYb‐βHf relationship during LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS Hf isotope measurement. SK10‐3 may be a useful addition to previously distributed baddeleyite reference materials for microbeam‐based U‐Pb geochronology and Hf isotope measurements.
Assessing and tailoring the dilatometric profile of novel chromium‐free refractory raw materials
Authors: Borges Otávio H. , Aneziris Christos G. , Pandolfelli Victor C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReducing dependence on toxic electrofused magnesia‐chromium aggregates is essential to meet demands for eco‐friendly refractories. Some authors have proposed alternative compositions using lab‐scale electrofusion to produce small specimens (< 0.5 g). However, this size limits the evaluation of key refractory properties, such as thermal expansion. As an alternative, this study explored conventional sintering at 1600°C for 5 h and both methods resulted in equivalent chemical and mineralogical compositions. Despite presenting higher porosity (24 % – 30 %) than the electrofused ones (4 % – 6 %), consistent microstructural parameters supported using the sintering route to produce larger specimens (5 × 5 × 25 mm3), which were assessed for dilatometric profiles up to 1400°C. Combined with thermodynamic calculations, Rietveld's refining of X‐ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry, the dilatometric analysis indicated that spinel dissolution in the periclase causes a high expansion during heating, whereas its re‐precipitation results in shrinkage. As this behavior could result in challenges for the refractory lining design, computational thermodynamics was used to find additives capable of increasing this transition temperature. TiO₂ was identified as a promising candidate and its effectiveness was attested.
Addressing Tobacco Use Disorder in Individuals With Mental Health Disorders: The Critical Role of Nurses
Authors: Boonstra N. , Spoelstra S. K. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIndividuals with mental health disorders tend to smoke more frequently and intensely than the general population; however, smoking cessation efforts are still often neglected in mental health care.MethodsThis position paper advocates for creating a more prominent role for mental health nurses in assisting individuals with severe psychiatric disorders to quit smoking.ResultsGiven their extensive patient contact and holistic care approach, mental health nurses are uniquely positioned to lead smoking cessation initiatives. Consequently, there is an urgent need for increased awareness, mandatory professional training and policy support to empower nurses in this critical role.ConclusionsStrengthening the involvement of mental health nurses in smoking cessation programs could lead to reduced premature mortality and improved overall health for individuals with severe mental illnesses.
The Diverse Habitats of Eclogite Formation: Insights From the Mesoproterozoic Glenelg Inlier, Scotland
Authors: Lucas Nicholas A. , Weller Owen M. , Copley Alex , Mottram Catherine M. , Chapman Glenn , McMahon William J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEclogite‐facies rocks provide important constraints on the behaviour of convergent plate boundaries and the geometries of tectonic reconstructions due to the high to ultrahigh pressure conditions at which they form. Many eclogite occurrences are documented near the suture zone of active collisional settings where they are interpreted to mark the approximate location of former ocean basin subduction. Such observations influence tectonic interpretations for older eclogites within more deeply eroded and/or less well‐exposed terranes. The eclogitic Glenelg inlier in northwest Scotland is one such example, with c. 1 Ga eclogites having previously been interpreted as marking the trace of a Grenville‐aged collisional suture zone that defines a third ‘arm’ to the Grenville orogen alongside well‐defined sutures in North America and Scandinavia. Here we use a combination of geochronology, phase equilibrium modelling and accessory‐phase thermometry to show that the eclogite‐facies assemblages were produced at 18–19 kbar and 700°C–750°C from c. 1.1 to 1.0 Ga. Accounting for the foreland basin setting of equivalent‐aged sedimentary rocks in the region and demonstrating the thermal viability of this setting, we show that eclogite formation occurred in deforming foreland crust adjacent to the Grenville orogen, in a setting broadly analogous to fault‐bounded basement uplifts in the forelands of active deformation belts, such as the Himalayas and Andes. Our results demonstrate that eclogite‐facies rocks can form in a greater range of tectonic settings than are sometimes considered, with implications for tectonic reconstructions of collisional zones. In this instance, our results remove the need for a third ‘arm’ of the Grenville orogen by placing Glenelg in a foreland setting, reconciling the absence of plentiful Grenville‐aged metamorphic rocks in northwest Scotland, the sedimentological record and paleomagnetic data in the wider region.
PICOT questions and search strategies formulation: A novel approach using artificial intelligence automation
Authors: Gosak Lucija , Štiglic Gregor , Pruinelli Lisiane , Vrbnjak Dominika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare artificial intelligence (AI)‐based large language models (LLMs) (ChatGPT‐3.5, Bing, and Bard) with human‐based formulations in generating relevant clinical queries, using comprehensive methodological evaluations.MethodsTo interact with the major LLMs ChatGPT‐3.5, Bing Chat, and Google Bard, scripts and prompts were designed to formulate PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) clinical questions and search strategies. Quality of the LLMs responses was assessed using a descriptive approach and independent assessment by two researchers. To determine the number of hits, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Ultimate search results were imported separately, without search restrictions, with the search strings generated by the three LLMs and an additional one by the expert. Hits from one of the scenarios were also exported for relevance evaluation. The use of a single scenario was chosen to provide a focused analysis. Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were also calculated.ResultsIn five different scenarios, ChatGPT‐3.5 generated 11,859 hits, Bing 1,376,854, Bard 16,583, and an expert 5919 hits. We then used the first scenario to assess the relevance of the obtained results. The human expert search approach resulted in 65.22% (56/105) relevant articles. Bing was the most accurate AI‐based LLM with 70.79% (63/89), followed by ChatGPT‐3.5 with 21.05% (12/45), and Bard with 13.29% (42/316) relevant hits. Based on the assessment of two evaluators, ChatGPT‐3.5 received the highest score (M = 48.50; SD = 0.71). Results showed a high level of agreement between the two evaluators. Although ChatGPT‐3.5 showed a lower percentage of relevant hits compared to Bing, this reflects the nuanced evaluation criteria, where the subjective evaluation prioritized contextual accuracy and quality over mere relevance.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the ability of LLMs to formulate PICOT clinical questions and search strategies. AI‐based LLMs, such as ChatGPT‐3.5, demonstrate significant potential for augmenting clinical workflows, improving clinical query development, and supporting search strategies. However, the findings also highlight limitations that necessitate further refinement and continued human oversight.Clinical RelevanceAI could assist nurses in formulating PICOT clinical questions and search strategies. AI‐based LLMs offer valuable support to healthcare professionals by improving the structure of clinical questions and enhancing search strategies, thereby significantly increasing the efficiency of information retrieval.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Therapy for Acquired Trichorrhexis Nodosa: A Case Series
Authors: Chen Xi , Pang Jing , Li Jianke , Wang Xiuhuan , Mi Zihao , Hu Zhenbo , Liu Guoyan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent preclinical studies have demonstrated the potential efficacy of stem cell exosomes in the treatment of hair loss. However, there is a paucity of clinical studies investigating the application of exosomes for this purpose. This case series presents three patients treated with exosomes for acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (ATN), a condition characterized by hair shaft abnormalities and breakage.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of utilizing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes as a novel therapeutic approach for the management of ATN.MethodsA standardized process was employed to prepare 0.1 mL of exosomes, which were subsequently injected into bilateral regions of the patients' scalps at 0.5–1 cm intervals on a monthly basis. Each injection comprised a total volume of 5 mL, and all three patients underwent a minimum of four treatment sessions. The comparative efficacy of the treatment was evaluated using clinical photographs, dermatoscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for all three patients post‐intervention.ResultsThe hair condition of the three patients demonstrated significant improvement, characterized by increased length and density, enhanced pigmentation with a reduced presence of dusty white dots, and the disappearance of dermoscopic black dots and broken hairs. SEM analysis revealed a remarkable recovery in the hair cuticle layers. At the 1‐year follow‐up, hair growth essentially remained normal.ConclusionExosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate efficacy in treating ATN, presenting a novel therapeutic approach for this condition.
A critical race culture cycle study of class inequities in higher education
Authors: Valle Ibette , Covarrubias Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe culture cycle details how cultural ideas, institutional practices, daily interactions, and psychological processes mutually reinforce (and disrupt) social class inequities in U.S. education contexts. Attending to how the intersections of classism, racism, and sexism shape culture cycle processes unearths nuances in social class inequities and their consequences. In this paper, we argue that by taking a critical race perspective to the culture cycle framework, or a critical race culture cycle lens for short, we can more fully interrogate interrelated power structures in educational contexts that dynamically influence each other over time to shape students’ unique psychological realities of marginalization and, importantly, their acts of resistance. To build our argument, we first describe the utility of a culture cycle study of social class inequities. We then illustrate how a critical race culture cycle lens sharpens psychological investigations of these inequities. We offer cultural mismatch theory as an illustrative example for our argument and showcase how such a lens provokes a different set of research questions that attend to power, intersectionality, and resistance. Finally, we discuss how a critical race culture cycle lens offers new opportunities for theory and research in the study of social class inequities more broadly.
Protective Activity of Melatonin Combinations and Melatonin‐Based Hybrid Molecules in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Galvani Francesca , Cammarota Mariarosaria , Vacondio Federica , Rivara Silvia , Boscia Francesca 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe identification of protective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is the mainstay therapeutic goal to modify the disease course and arrest the irreversible disability progression. Pharmacological therapies synergistically targeting multiple pathogenic pathways, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, are prime candidates for neuroprotection. Combination or synergistic therapy with melatonin, whose decline correlates with altered sleep/wake cycle and impaired glymphatic “waste clearance” system in neurodegenerative diseases, has a great therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory neurodegenerative states. Despite the protective outcomes observed in preclinical studies, mild or poor outcomes were observed in clinical settings, suggesting that melatonin combinations promoting synergistic actions at appropriate doses might be more suitable to treat multifactorial neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we first summarize the key melatonin actions and pathways contributing to cell protection and its therapeutic implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). We remark the major controversies in the field, mostly generated by the lack of a common consensus for the optimal dosing, molecular targets, and toxicity. Then, we review the literature investigating the efficacy of melatonin combinations with approved or investigational neuroprotective agents and of melatonin‐containing hybrid molecules, both in vitro and in animal models of AD, PD, and MS, as well as the efficacy of add‐on melatonin in clinical settings. We highlight the rationale for such melatonin combinations with a focus on the comparison with single‐agent treatment and on the assays in which an additive or a synergistic effect has been achieved. We conclude that a better characterization of the mechanisms underlying such melatonin synergistic actions under neuroinflammation at appropriate doses needs to be tackled to advance successful clinical translation of neuroprotective melatonin combination therapies or melatonin‐based hybrid molecules.
Minimally invasive technique to facilitate ultrasound‐guided removal of migrating foreign bodies: eight cases (2022)
Authors: Brincin C. , Anderson O. J. , Field E. J. , Howes C. , Reeve E. , Sutton D. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesMigrating foreign bodies is common in cats and dogs and can be challenging to retrieve. The aim of this study is to describe a minimally invasive ultrasound‐guided technique for the removal of migrating foreign bodies.Materials and MethodsCases were retrospectively recruited from a single referral hospital. Soft tissue swelling with suspected abscessation was identified on CT and the presence of migrating foreign material was confirmed on ultrasound. Foreign body retrieval was performed under ultrasound guidance: a large bore cannula (14G) was placed in direct contact with the foreign body. A pair of 16G flexible grasping forceps was passed through the sheath of the cannula and the foreign material was grasped and removed. Follow‐up was obtained via patient records or telephone conversation.ResultsSeven dogs and one cat were included in this series. This technique was successful in removing foreign material from the neck (n = 4) and retro‐bulbar area (n = 3). One retro‐bulbar foreign body could not be safely removed due to its proximity to the globe. Median procedure duration was 20 minutes (range 5 to 35 minutes). Follow‐up was available for seven cases at a median of 6 months (range 0.5 to 6 months). There was no recurrence of clinical signs in six out of seven cases. The swelling recurred at a different location in one case and no further foreign material was identified.Clinical SignificanceThis technique enabled retrieval of migrating foreign material from the retro‐bulbar and cervical regions. This was an efficient and minimally invasive technique that spared the need for surgical exploration.
Cosmogony and rights of Rarámuri community in the face of forced migration
Authors: Corona Luis Gerardo Ortiz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe article addresses Rarámuri cosmogony and the causes of forced migration within this community. It is a descriptive essay that integrates ius‐historical, documentary, and phenomenological techniques. The main arguments revolve around the threat posed by the destruction of the Rarámuri traditions and natural environment, which affects their sense of belonging and their right to self‐determination. These factors, exacerbated by violence and forced displacement, result in the migration of the communities to nonindigenous territories. The research highlights the need to recognize and protect the rights of this community to prevent their cultural and territorial disappearance.
Mitigating the Impact of Intergenerational Risk Factors on Stunting: Insights From Seven of the Most Food Insecure Districts in South Africa
Authors: Rich Kate , Engelbrecht Liezel , Wills Gabrielle , Mphaphuli Edzani 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA large body of research investigates the determinants of stunting in young children, but few studies have considered which factors are the most important predictors of stunting. We examined the relative importance of predictors of height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) and stunting among children under 5 years of age in seven of the most food‐insecure districts in South Africa using data from the Grow Great Community Stunting Survey of 2022. We used dominance analysis and variable importance measures from conditional random forest models to assess the relative importance of predictors. We found that intergenerational and socioeconomic factors—specifically maternal height (HAZ: Coef. 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.03; stunting: OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.98), birth weight (HAZ: Coef. 0.3, 95% CI 0.16–0.43; stunting: OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.35–0.72) and asset‐based measures of socioeconomic status (HAZ: Coef. 0.17, 95% CI 0.10–0.24; stunting: OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.89)—were the most important predictors of HAZ and stunting in these districts. We explored whether any other factors moderated (weakened) the relationship between these intergenerational factors and child height using conditional inference trees and moderation analysis. We found that being on track for vitamin A and deworming, adequate sanitation, a diverse diet and good maternal mental health moderated the effect of birth weight or mother's height. Though impacts are likely to be small relative to the impact of intergenerational risk factors, these moderating factors may provide promising avenues for helping to mitigate the intergenerational transmission of stunting risk in South Africa.
Genetic Architecture of Immune Cell DNA Methylation in the Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Costa Christina E. , Watowich Marina M. , Goldman Elisabeth A. , Sterner Kirstin N. , Negron‐Del Valle Josue E. , Phillips Daniel ,   Cayo Biobank Research Unit, Platt Michael L. , Montague Michael J. , Brent Lauren J. N. , Higham James P. , Snyder‐Mackler Noah , Lea Amanda J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic variation that impacts gene regulation, rather than protein function, can have strong effects on trait variation both within and between species. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, are often an important intermediate link between genotype and phenotype, yet genetic effects on DNA methylation remain understudied in natural populations. To address this gap, we used reduced representation bisulfite sequencing to measure DNA methylation levels at 555,856 CpGs in peripheral whole blood of 573 samples collected from free‐ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) living on the island of Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico. We used allele‐specific methods to map cis‐methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) and tested for effects of 243,389 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on local DNA methylation levels. Of 776,092 tested SNP–CpG pairs, we identified 516,213 meQTL, with 69.12% of CpGs having at least one meQTL (FDR < 5%). On average, meQTL explained 21.2% of nearby methylation variance, significantly more than age or sex. meQTL were enriched in genomic compartments where methylation is likely to impact gene expression, for example, promoters, enhancers and binding sites for methylation‐sensitive transcription factors. In support, using mRNA‐seq data from 172 samples, we confirmed 332 meQTL as whole blood cis‐expression QTL (eQTL) in the population, and found meQTL–eQTL genes were enriched for immune response functions, like antigen presentation and inflammation. Overall, our study takes an important step towards understanding the genetic architecture of DNA methylation in natural populations, and more generally points to the biological mechanisms driving phenotypic variation in our close relatives.
Deficits in Pre‐ and Post‐transplant Functional, Motor, and Cognitive Deficits Associated With Graft Failure and Mortality in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Donnelly Conor , Patel Suhani S. , Chiang Teresa Po‐Yu , Liyanage Luckmini , Long Jane J. , Levan Macey L. , Varma Manu R. , Singh Rakesh K. , Segev Dorry L. , Massie Allan B. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPretransplant functional, motor, cognitive, and academic deficits are common in pediatric patients requiring heart transplantation (HT); some persist post‐HT. We assessed the association between these quality of life (QoL) deficits and post‐HT outcomes.MethodsUsing SRTR data 2008–2023, we evaluated the functional, motor, cognitive, and academic status of pediatric HT recipients from listing to 15 years post‐HT. We compared all‐cause graft survival among patients with vs. without pre‐HT deficits using Cox regressions. Among patients with a functioning graft at 1 year, we assessed the association between deficits at that time and subsequent graft failure.ResultsIn 6153 HT recipients, 85.3% had pre‐HT functional status ≤ 80%, 53.1% of patients could not tolerate a full academic load; this decreased to 15.2% and 15.0% postoperatively, and was sustained. Definite or probable cognitive deficits were seen in 17.4% of patients and motor delays in 18.6%; both remained stable post‐HT at 18.0% and 16.4%, respectively. Graft survival was worse in those with either pre‐ or post‐HT deficits in functional status. Worse pre‐HT functional status was associated with risk of graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] per 10% decrease = 1.03 1.06 1.08, p < 0.001); worse 1‐year post‐HT functional status was much more strongly associated with risk of graft failure (aHR = 1.13 1.18 1.23, p < 0.001).ConclusionPediatric HT recipients with decreased functional status are at higher risk for graft failure and mortality. These patients may benefit from early intervention aimed at improving functional status.