bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Spinal Epidural Tubercular and Pyogenic Abscess of Cervical Spine without Bony Involvement
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Patil Swapnil , Bhende Bhagyashri , Patel Mehool , Dhall Gagan , Nayak Naren 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTSpinal epidural abscess (SEA) presents with vertebral body involvement. SEA is mostly pyogenic in developed countries, but in developing countries, tuberculosis is more common cause. Young female presented with fever, neck, and right upper limb pain for 1 month followed by acute onset weakness in the right upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging study of cervical spine showed contrast-enhancing lesion in C2–C3 epidural region. Surgery-aided by initiation of antibacterial and antitubercular treatment based on culture and histopathological study of pus helped us to get good clinical outcome. One should always keep in mind possibility of tubercular abscess while treating cases of spinal epidural lesions, though it is rare in the absence of osseous involvement. Pyogenic and tubercular abscess can present concurrently and sending pus for culture and sensitivity is must as it plays important role in identifying dual organisms.
Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Association with Psychiatric Morbidity in a Rural Setting
Authors: Mehra Aseem , Grover Sandeep , Agarwal Arun , Bashar Mohammad , Avasthi Ajit 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of elder abuse in a rural setting. In addition, the study aimed to evaluate the association of elder abuse with psychiatric morbidity and demographic factors. Methodology: A total of 125 elderly (age ≥55 years) were evaluated for psychiatric diagnosis as per the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) criteria by the qualified psychiatrist and were evaluated on Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale for elder abuse. Results: More than half (58.4%) of the participants had one psychiatric disorder, with depression being the most common. Elder abuse was seen in more than one-third (41.6%) of the study participants. Those with psychiatric morbidity had significantly higher prevalence of abuse. None of the demographic factors was associated with abuse. Conclusion: Elder abuse is highly prevalent in rural setting, especially among those with psychiatric morbidity. Implications: Considering the high prevalence of elder abuse, there is an urgent need to address the problem. Public awareness, education, and sensitization of people toward the abuse are need of the day.
Developing Normative Reference Values for Nerve Conduction Studies of Commonly Tested Nerves among a Sample Pakistani Population
Authors: Shivji Zaitoon , Jabeen Anita , Awan Safia , Khan Sara 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Most neurophysiology departments around the world establish their own normative data. However, ethnic differences are not taken into account. Our aim was to establish normal nerve conduction studies (NCS) data for routinely tested nerves in individuals of Pakistani (South Asian) origin and to compare with Western published data. Materials and Methods: One hundred healthy adults’ nerves were assessed, using standardized techniques. Individuals were grouped into age groups. Gender differences were assessed. Results: Of the 100 volunteers, 49 were female and 51 were male. Their mean age was 39.8 years. Findings showed statistically significant prolongation of median distal motor latency (DML) and F-wave latency with age and reduction of median, ulnar, and sural sensory amplitudes as age increased. Gender differences showed consistent difference in the normal values for median, ulnar, and peroneal DMLs and respective F-wave latencies, which were significantly shorter in females. Sensory amplitudes of tested upper extremity nerves were significantly lower in males. Comparing with available data, our findings are similar to the Saudi population but significantly different from the American and multiethnic Malaysian populations. Pakistani individuals generally have significantly higher amplitudes and faster conduction velocities with similarities to South Asian studies. Conclusions: We recommend normative NCS parameters for commonly tested nerves for the Pakistani population, using standardized techniques to ensure highest quality testing and outcomes.
Enteral nutrition; uncomplicated? Can we achieve the target?
Authors: Taşar Pınar , Türkan Halil , Gezer Zehra , Kerimoğlu Demet , Koç Adife , Kılıçturgay Sadık 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Enteral nutrition (EN) is safe, well tolerated and efficient nutritional support for patients with functional gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The major problems of EN are intolerance of the nutrition products and problems of achieving the targeted dose. This is a prospective observational study investigating the nutrition related problems, solutions to those problems, and the time for achieving the targeted dose in patients who received EN in our inpatient clinic and intensive care unit.
Methods: This prospective study was made between 11/01/2015-11/01/2016. This study evaluated patients demographic findings, nutrition status, daily calculated calories (25 kcal/kg/day), daily calculated protein dose (1.5 gr/kg/day), daily delivered calories, daily delivered protein dose, whether or not additional parenteral nutrition applied, biochemical parameters (blood sugar, Na, K, Ca, Mg, cholesterol, liver function tests, urea, CRP, albumin, prealbumin), intolerance issues, complications and EN termination reasons.
Results: Considering 2258 patients hospitalized during this period, a total of 70 patients (3.1%) were applied EN (Female/Male: 30/40, The mean age of the patients was 60±16.5 years). The average application time is 11.5 (2-42) days. Among these patients, 26 had an NRS-2002 score ≥3, and only 6 had a BMI<18.8. The rate of calorie and protein application was lower than the calculated, respectively, 37.14% and 52.8% of the cases. It was observed that 40.54% of total malignant patients were subjected to immunonutrition. There were GI tract related problems in 20 patients. Diarrhea was the most important problem during enteral support. Oral supplementation intolerance problem was observed in 20% of the population. Hyperglycemia was detected in 35.7% of the patients, and more than half of them were between 200-300 mg/dL levels. Almost 53% of the patients had malignancy, however, only 5 of them had prescription for oral supplementation during discharge.
Conclusion: EN was performed less than required with inaccurate calories and protein intake, and immunonutrition protocols in malignant patients are not properly complied and oral supplement prescription for those patients is rarely given after hospital discharge. Additionally, product intolerance is seriously frequent, and product and dosage changes should be done more actively.
Technological Insights on Philistine Culture: Perspectives from Tell es-Safi/Gath
Authors: Maeir Aren M. , Ben-Shlomo David , Cassuto Deborah , Chadwick Jeffrey R. , Davis Brent , Behar Adi Eliyahu , Frumin Suembikya (Sue) , Gur-Arieh Shira , Hitchcock Louise A. , Horwitz Liora K. , Manclossi Francesca , Rosen Steven A , Verduci Josephine , Weiss Ehud , Welch Eric L. , Workman Vanessa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMore than a century of study of the Philistines has revealed abundant remains of their material culture. Concurrently, our understanding of the origins, developmental processes, and socio-political matrix of this fascinating culture has undergone major changes. Among other facets, Philistine technology has been discussed, but in our opinion, a broad view of its importance for understanding Philistine culture is still lacking. The more than twenty years of excavation at Tell es-Safi/Gath, one of the central sites in Iron Age Philistia, offer an opportunity to review a broad range of technology-related evidence from this site, and from this to suggest a current interpretation of Philistine technology within the broader picture of the Iron Age and the processes, mechanisms, interactions, and identity politics of this culture.
Witch Hunts in and around Pärnu 1641–1642
Authors: Ruben Aarne 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis article explores the shadowy Pärnu witch trials of 1641‒42, including an edited and annotated transcript of the trials. The file is preserved in the Estonian Historical Archives, EAA. f. 915 (County Court of Pärnu), n.1, s.1, pages 54‒70 and 83‒90, with a comprehensive explanation. The trial in Pärnu was the most detailed known trial in the territory of Estonia. The author shows how tense societal relations led to real anger in the economic top-down hierarchy. As is common in a microhistory, the article reveals the life of the peasant Laÿske Martt, the first person actually accused and the instigator of the following tragic consequences.
Litanies of Poetic Seerhood: Magical Epithets in Modern Literary History
Authors: Poutiainen Hannu 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe nineteenth century, to a far greater degree than any other period, acclaimed its poets and writers with overwhelmingly spiritual honorifics: rather than mere poets and writers, they were priests and magicians, oracles and prophets, sorcerers and seers. In this essay, rather than repeat the various narratives in which literature is exalted as a secular religion and credited for salvaging magic from modern disenchantment, my aim, more philosophical than strictly historiographical, is to consider these honorifics as magical epithets—terms that give to their object the reputation of being magical—that are made effective by following a logic of their own: attributed to writers in acts of readerly judgment, these epithets, when the act of their attribution carries emotional conviction, are experienced as magical and thereby make themselves true in the moment in which they are uttered.
Théorie des ensembles flous : une application à l’assurance indicielle au Burkina Faso
Authors: Tiemtore Abel 
Published: March 2019

L’assurance indicielle, considérée dès son introduction dans les pays en développement comme un puissant outil de stabilisation des revenus des paysans et de réduction de la pauvreté, a très vite désenchanté ses promoteurs. L’évolution de la demande de cette assurance est particulièrement décevante dans la majeure partie des pays qui l’ont expérimenté. Au Burkina Faso, on constate une forte baisse des adhésions et partant des superficies et des sommes assurées. La principale raison évoquée par les producteurs est l’absence d’indemnisations ou le très faible niveau d’indemnisation en cas de perte de production (risque de base). La présente étude propose l’utilisation des techniques de classification floue qui autorise l’appartenance partielle à des classes à indemniser pour réduire le risque de base et augmenter l’attractivité de l’assurance indicielle au sein des producteurs de coton au Burkina Faso. Nous avons montré que l’application de la technique de classification floue augmente significativement la probabilité d’être indemnisé (de plus de trois fois par rapport à son niveau actuel) mais aussi la prime de l’assurance. Toutefois selon Elabed et Carter (2014a), les producteurs seraient prêts à payer des sommes substantielles pour atténuer ou éliminer totalement le risque de base.
How systematic reviews cover practitioners' issues: A study on Stack Exchange communities
Authors: Cartaxo Bruno , Pinto Gustavo , Kamei Fernando , Monteiro Danilo , Queda Fabio , Soares Sergio 
Published: March 2019

Context: One of the goals of Evidence-Based Software Engineering is to leverage evidence from research to practice. However, some studies suggest this goal has not being fully accomplished.
Objective: This paper proposes a strategy to assess how systematic reviews cover practitioners' issues in software engineering.
Method: We selected 24 systematic reviews identified by a comprehensive tertiary study. Using search strings of the selected systematic reviews, we queried most relevant practitioners' issues on five active Stack Exchange communities, a professional and high-quality Question & Answer platform. After examining more than 1,800 issues, we investigated how findings of the selected systematic reviews could help to solve (i.e. cover) practitioners' issues.
Results: After excluding false positives and duplicates, a total of 424 issues were considered related to the selected systematic reviews. This number corresponds to 1.75% of the 26,687 most relevant issues on the five Stack Exchange communities. Among these 424 issues, systematic reviews can successfully cover 14.1% (60) of them. Based on a qualitative analysis, we identified 45 recurrent issues spread in many software engineering areas. The most demanded topic is related to agile software development, with 15 recurrent issues identified and 127 practitioners' issues as a whole.
Conclusions: An overall coverage rate of 14.1% reveals a good opportunity for conducting systematic reviews in software engineering to fill the gap of not covered issues. We also observed practitioners explicitly demanding for scientific empirical evidence, rich in context and oriented to specific target audiences. Finally, we also provided guidelines for researchers who want to conduct systematic reviews more connected with software engineering practice.
Pain neuroscience education on YouTube
Authors: Heathcote Lauren C. , Pate Joshua W. , Park Anna L. , Leake Hayley B. , Moseley G. Lorimer , Kronman Corey A. , Fischer Molly , Timmers Inge , Simons Laura E. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe Internet in general, and YouTube in particular, is now one of the most popular sources of health-related information. Pain neuroscience education has become a primary tool for managing persistent pain, based in part on the discovery that information about pain can change pain. Our objective was to examine the availability, characteristics, and content of YouTube videos that address the neuroscience of pain.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of videos on YouTube using the search terms “pain education”, “what is pain”, and “pain brain” in January 2018. Videos were included if they were in English, were under 10 minutes long, and included information on the neuroscience of pain. Videos were coded for (i) descriptive characteristics (e.g., number of views, duration on YouTube), (ii) source and style, (iii) whether or not they addressed seven pre-determined target concepts of pain neuroscience education (e.g., ‘Pain is not an accurate marker of tissue state’), and (iv) how engaging they were.ResultsWe found 106 unique videos that met the inclusion criteria. The videos ranged from having four views to over five million views (Mdn= 1,163 views), with the three most highly viewed videos accounting for 75% of the total views. Animated videos were much more highly viewed than non-animated videos. Only a small number of videos had been posted by a clearly-identifiable reputable source such as an academic or medical institution (10%), although a number of videos were posted by healthcare professionals and professional medical societies. For a small number of videos (7%), the source was unclear. We found 17 videos that addressed at least one target concept of pain neuroscience science education, only nine of which were considered to be at least somewhat engaging. The target concept ‘Pain is a brain output’ was considered to be well addressed by the most videos (N = 11), followed by ‘Pain is a protector’ (N = 10). We found only one video that adequately addressed all seven target concepts of pain neuroscience education.DiscussionYouTube contains a variety of videos that practitioners, patients, and families may view to access pain neuroscience education information. A small portion of these videos addressed one or more target concepts of pain neuroscience education in an engaging manner. It is yet to be determined to what extent patients are able to learn information from these videos, to what extent the videos promote behavior change, and thus to what extent the videos may be useful for clinical practice.
A Retrospective Review of Rifampicin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis between 2015 and 2017 in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Nwalozie R. M. , Agbagwa O. E. , Mac-Fiberesima G. 
Published: March 2019

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a significant challenge for the control of TB in Nigeria.
Aim: The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant TB at the point of initial diagnosis among subjects suspected of TB.
Methods: A retrospective review of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and rifampicin resistance detected by GeneXpert™ analysis between 2015 and 2017 in Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital was carried out.
Results: A total of 6733 samples were received and analyzed in the period under review, 1252 (19%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 5841 (81%) were negative. The prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.56%, 20.11% and 16.86% from 2015 to 2017 respectively. There was a significant decline in the prevalence of MTB from 2015 to 2017 (c2 = 33.59, p = 0.0001). Rifampicin (RIF) resistance was 5.42%, 5.86% and 6.22% respectively from 2015 to 2017; but the trend was not statistically significant (c2 = 0.21; p = 0.6418).
Conclusion: The study showed that despite a decrease in the prevalence of tuberculosis infection there was an increase in rifampicin resistance from 5.42% to 6.22% between 2015 and 2017. There is an urgent need to improve the management of TB in the Port Harcourt metropolis to improve treatment outcomes and to prevent the proliferation of drug resistant strains.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Degradation and Plasmid Profile of Marine Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Petroleum Contaminated Marine Environments of Niger Delta Nigeria
Authors: Uba Bright Obidinma 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine the aromatic hydrocarbons degradability and plasmid profile of the marine bacteria isolated from Rivers State contaminated marine environments of Niger Delta.
Study Design: Nine treatments and the controls designs were set up in triplicates containing 100 mL of sterile modified mineral basal medium in 500 mL conical flasks supplemented with 1 mg /L of xylene, anthracene and pyrene each; nine marine hydrocarbon degraders and incubated at 24 ºC for 24 days study. The nine treatments and control set ups designated as ANT1, XYL2, PYR3, ANT4, PYR5, ANT6, XYL7, XYL8, PYR9 and CTRL (Without hydrocarbons) were used to determine the aromatic hydrocarbons degradability and plasmid profile of the marine bacteria.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa between September, 2015 and March, 2018.
Methodology: A laboratory scale study was carried on six composite samples of the sediment and water samples from the three studied areas using enrichment, screening, selection, morphological, biochemical, degradation and plasmid assays.
Results: The findings revealed that the three sampling sites harbour a lot of efficient aromatic degrading bacterial strains belonging to the genera: Providencia, Alcaligenes, Brevundimonas, Myroides, Serratia, and Bacillus able to significantly (P = .05) tolerate and grow on the aromatic hydrocarbons. The bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 significantly (P = .05) removed 99.50 ± 0.05 % and 60.00 ± 0.02 % in weights of xylene and pyrene, respectively while Alcaligenes faecalis PYR5 significantly (P =.05) degraded 97.40 ± 0.01 % in weight of anthracene. The degradations of the respective hydrocarbons were found to be plasmid mediated with plasmid sizes between 200 bp - 1.2 kbp.
Conclusion: Thus, the excellent degradative abilities of these bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 could be exploited for bioremediation purposes in Nigeria.
Expression of disease‐related miRNAs in white‐matter lesions of progressive multiple sclerosis brains
Authors: Tripathi Ajai , Volsko Christina , Datta Ushasi , Regev Keren , Dutta Ranjan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNA (miRNA) expression in the serum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has been correlated with white matter (WM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. The expression levels and cellular specificity of the target genes of these miRNAs are unknown in MS brain.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze and validate the expression of miRNAs, previously reported as dysregulated in sera of MS patients, in white‐matter lesions (WMLs) of progressive MS brains.MethodsWe performed global miRNA expression profiling analysis in demyelinated WMLs of progressive MS brains (n = 5) and compared the significantly altered miRNAs to previously identified miRNAs from sera of MS patients. Top dysregulated miRNAs common between the two datasets were validated in an independent cohort of MS brains by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization.ResultsAmong the miRNAs that were significantly changed in WML tissues, 11 were similar to pathogenic and 12 were common to protective miRNAs previously identified in sera and correlating with WM MRI abnormalities. Importantly, the expression levels of 58% of the protective miRNAs (7 of 12) were decreased in MS lesions compared to surrounding normal‐appearing tissue. Target genes of these miRNAs were also altered in MS lesions and queries of cell‐specific databases identified astrocytes and microglia as the key cellular expressers of these genes in MS brains.ConclusionsWe identified miRNAs that correlate with MRI abnormalities in lesioned tissue from MS brains.
A method for increasing empirical discriminability and eliminating top‐row preference in photo arrays
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Jones Alyssa R. , Goodsell Charles A. , Carlson Maria A. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Whittington Jane E. , Lockamyeir Robert F. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIt is important to consider the two parameters of signal detection theory, discriminability and response bias, when evaluating eyewitness identification from simultaneous lineups. On the basis of the diagnostic feature‐detection hypothesis, we tested a method for increasing discriminability that encourages eyewitnesses to carefully rank each lineup member based on match to their memory for a perpetrator. This procedure increased empirical discriminability and also eliminated a response bias that is largely overlooked in the literature: Participants were biased to choose from the top row of the six‐pack (2 × 3) lineup commonly used in the United States. We argue that suspect position in the simultaneous lineup is an important variable to consider for researchers and the criminal justice system. We also encourage researchers to test the ranking procedure to determine if such a simple set of instructions could be utilized by police to help eyewitnesses correctly sort innocent versus guilty suspects.