bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of TTT Curves for Additively Manufactured Inconel 625
Authors: Lindwall G. , Campbell C. E. , Lass E. A. , Zhang F. , Stoudt M. R. , Allen A. J. , Levine L. E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The ability to use common computational thermodynamic and kinetic tools to study the microstructure evolution in Inconel 625 (IN625) manufactured using the additive manufacturing (AM) technique of laser powder-bed fusion is evaluated. Solidification simulations indicate that laser melting and re-melting during printing produce highly segregated interdendritic regions. Precipitation simulations for different degrees of segregation show that the larger the segregation, i.e., the richer the interdendritic regions are in Nb and Mo, the faster the δ-phase (Ni3Nb) precipitation. This is in accordance with the accelerated δ precipitation observed experimentally during post-build heat treatments of AM IN625 compared to wrought IN625. The δ-phase may be undesirable since it can lead to detrimental effects on the mechanical properties. The results are presented in the form of a TTT diagram and agreement between the simulated diagram and the experimental TTT diagram demonstrate how these computational tools can be used to guide and optimize post-build treatments of AM materials.
Beyond Curvature: Prevalence and Characteristics of Penile Volume-Loss Deformities in Men With Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Margolin Ezra J. , Pagano Matthew J. , Aisen Carrie M. , Onyeji Ifeanyi C. , Stahl Peter J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Non-curvature penile deformities associated with loss of erect penile volume are often overlooked and have not been thoroughly investigated.

Aim
To describe the prevalence and functional impact of penile volume-loss deformities in our cohort of men with Peyronie’s disease (PD).

Methods
We retrospectively examined medical records of patients with PD consecutively evaluated by a specialized urologist from December 2012 to June 2016. We excluded patients with prior surgical correction of PD, prior penile prosthesis, and inadequate erection during office examination. All patients underwent deformity assessment of the erect penis after intracavernosal injection. The assessment included measurement of penile curvature; evaluation for hourglass deformities, indentations, and distal tapering; and application of axial force to assess for penile buckling. Prior to the deformity assessment, each patient completed the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire and was asked if he experienced psychological distress and functional impairment related to his penile deformity.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary clinical parameters that we evaluated were presence or absence of axial instability, functional impairment, psychological distress, penile pain, erectile dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, sexual dissatisfaction, decreased sexual activity, and decreased sexual desire.

Results
128 patients met criteria for inclusion. 83 patients (65%) had volume-loss deformities. Unilateral indentations, hourglass deformities, and distal tapering were present in 50 (39%), 30 (23%), and 16 (13%) patients, respectively. Penile curvature &lt;10° degrees was present in 115 patients (90%). After controlling for angle of curvature, patients with volume-loss deformities had significantly higher rates of axial instability (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5, P = .01) and psychological distress (OR = 2.6, P = .03), as well as decreased sexual activity (OR = 2.7, P = .02), than patients with non–volume-loss deformities.

Conclusion
Volume-loss penile deformities are highly prevalent in men with PD. These deformities are associated with penile axial instability and psychological distress, which may contribute to decreased frequency of sexual activity.
Age constraints and tectonic settings of metallogenic and magmatic events in the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area
Authors: Prokopiev A.V. , Borisenko A.S. , Gamyanin G.N. , Pavlova G.G. , Fridovsky V.Yu. , Kondrat’eva L.A. , Anisimova G.S. , Trunilina V.A. , Ivanov A.I. , Travin A.V. , Koroleva O.V. , Vasiliev D.A. , Ponomarchuk A.V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper presents new isotope geochronological data for several mineral deposits, ore occurrences, and related igneous bodies (plutons and dikes) in the Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area, eastern Yakutia. Twenty-one 40Ar/39Ar mica and four U–Pb zircon dates provide the first age constraints on key metallogenic units in the area. The dating results allow correlation between tectonic, magmatic, and metallogenic events. The sampled mineral deposits within the Adycha–Taryn fault zone in the southeastern Verkhoyansk–Chersky orogen apparently formed at the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary during the final phase of the collision between the Siberian (North Asian) craton and the Kolyma–Omolon microcontinent (Kupol’noe deposit and the early metallogenic pulse of the Malotarynskoe deposit, ~ 143–144 Ma) and in the latest Early Cretaceous, in the beginning of the orogen collapse (Tallalakh and Dora-Pil’ deposits and the Malotarynskoe late metallogenic pulse, ~ 126 Ma). According to the suggested new classification of metallogenic units, these deposits belong to the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous Yana–Kolyma metallogenic belt. The Kyuchus deposit (~ 106 Ma), the Deputatsky ore cluster (~ 106–113 Ma), and the Khotoidokh deposit (~ 116 Ma) in the northern Verkhoyansk–Kolyma folded area belong to the North Verkhoyansk metallogenic belt. Their origin was associated with accretional and collisional processes that produced the Novosibirsk–Chukotka orogen in the middle Cretaceous. The Mangazeya ore cluster (~ 100 Ma, Early–Late Cretaceous boundary) in the southwestern end of the North Tirekhtyakh magmatic transverse belt belongs to the West Verkhoyansk metallogenic belt. The Nezhdaninskoe, Zaderzhnoe, Kurum, and Kuta deposits of the South Verkhoyansk area (~ 125–120 and ~ 100–95 Ma) can be joined into a single Verkhoyansk–Okhotsk metallogenic belt. The belt resulted from accretion and collision along the East Asian active continental margin and the related formation of the South Verkhoyansk orogen in the Early Cretaceous.
Mesozoic lithospheric mantle of the northeastern Siberian craton (evidence from inclusions in kimberlite)
Authors: Tychkov N.S. , Yudin D.S. , Nikolenko E.I. , Malygina E.V. , Sobolev N.V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Several thousand clinopyroxene, garnet, and phlogopite inclusions of mantle rocks from Jurassic and Triassic kimberlites in the northeastern Siberian craton have been analyzed and compared with their counterparts from Paleozoic kimberlites, including those rich in diamond. The new and published mineral chemistry data make a basis for an updated classification of kimberlite-hosted clinopyroxenes according to peridotitic and mafic (eclogite and pyroxenite) parageneses. The obtained results place constraints on the stability field of high-Na lherzolitic clinopyroxenes, which affect the coexisting garnet and decrease its Ca contents. As follows from analyses of the mantle minerals from Mesozoic kimberlites, the cratonic lithosphere contained more pyroxenite and eclogite in the Mesozoic than in the Paleozoic. It virtually lacked ultradepleted harzburgite–dunite lithologies and contained scarce eclogitic diamonds. On the other hand, both inclusions in diamond and individual eclogitic minerals from Mesozoic kimberlites differ from eclogitic inclusions in diamond from Triassic sediments in the northeastern Siberian craton. Xenocrystic phlogopites from the D’yanga pipe have 40Ar/39Ar ages of 384.6, 432.4, and 563.4 Ma, which record several stages of metasomatic impact on the lithosphere. These phlogopites are younger than most of Paleozoic phlogopites from the central part of the craton (Udachnaya kimberlite). Therefore, hydrous mantle metasomatism acted much later on the craton periphery than in the center. Monomineral clinopyroxene thermobarometry shows that Jurassic kimberlites from the northeastern craton part trapped lithospheric material from different maximum depths (170 km in the D’yanga pipe and mostly ≤ 130 km in other pipes). The inferred thermal thickness of cratonic lithosphere decreased progressively from ~ 260 km in the Devonian–Carboniferous to ~ 225 km in the Triassic and to ~ 200 km in the Jurassic, while the heat flux (Hasterok–Chapman model) was 34.9, 36.7, and 39.0 mW/m2, respectively. Dissimilar PT patterns of samples from closely spaced coeval kimberlites suggest different emplacement scenarios, which influenced both the PT variations across the lithosphere and the diamond potential of kimberlites.
The Zaderzhninskoe gold deposit: mineral composition, fluid inclusions, and age (South Verkhoyansk region)
Authors: Kondrat’eva L.A. , Anisimova G.S. , Zaitsev A.I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Based on results of study of the regional position, chemical composition of ores, fluid inclusions, and age relationships between mineralization and igneous rocks, we propose a geological and genetic model for the formation of gold mineralization of the Zaderzhninskoe deposit. Mineralization is located in the tectonic node of the intersection of two regional structures in the supraintrusive zone of a latent granitoid pluton among the terrigenous rocks of the Verkhoyansk complex, which are regionally metamorphosed to the greenschist facies. The sequential deposition of three types of mineralization—Au–quartz (including early low-gold Au–As and late productive Au–Pb–Zn mineralization), Au–rare-metal, and Au–silver—has been established. The Au–Bi (Te) assemblage contains native bismuth, bismuthinite, hedleyite, Bi sulfotellurides, gustavite group minerals, and secondary minerals—Bi oxides and Bi tellurites with low-grade gold. Hg-containing electrum and kustelite, Ag–Sb and Ag–Pb–Sb sulfosalts, stutzite, Te–Pb-containing canfieldite, freibergite, and Au and Ag sulfides are indicator minerals of the Au–Ag (Sb) assemblage. Ore formation occurred at temperatures from 90 to 340 °C, with the participation of lowly and moderately concentrated solutions with CO2 ± CH4 ± N2 gas phase. A decrease in temperature from Au–quartz mineralization (200–220 °C) to the late epithermal one (160 °C) and a slight increase in the concentration of solutions (up to 10 wt.% NaCl equiv.) have been established. The deposit resulted from the intricate multistage geodynamic evolution of the South Verkhoyansk region. Ore-forming processes are associated with the evolution of magmatic objects. Dating of igneous rocks yields the following ages: diorites—130–137 Ma (Rb–Sr), spessartites—126 ± 3 Ma (Rb–Sr), and kersantites—115 ± 1.7 Ma (Ar/Ar). Early concordant Au–quartz (Au–As) mineralization of the deposit is comparable with metamorphic-related Au–quartz veins of the Yur–Bular type, and its age is taken as &gt; 137 Ma. The time of formation of Au–quartz (Au–Pb–Zn) mineralization is estimated at 123.5 ± 1.6 Ma (Ar/Ar) and is coeval with the time of intrusion of the Early Cretaceous granitoids of the South Verkhoyansk region. The imposed low-temperature mineralization undoubtedly has a younger age. Its formation was followed by the successive deposition of Au–rare-metal mineralization at the final stage of formation of granitoid plutons (~ 120 Ma) and Au–Ag mineralization in the period 100 ± 5 Ma, i.e., the time of formation of late-stage granodiorite–granite intrusions.
Nodular monazite from placers in the Kular Ridge (Arctic Siberia, Russia): composition and age
Authors: Lazareva E.V. , Zhmodik S.M. , Prokopiev A.V. , Karmanov N.S. , Sergeenko A.I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nodular monazite occurs in metamorphic rocks worldwide and has zonal REE patterns. This paper focuses on the composition of nodular monazite hosted by Permian black shales of the Kular Ridge in the Kular–Nera terrane. This monazite variety (called kularite in the Russian literature) reaches commercial amounts in placers of the area. The contents of Ce, Nd, and La in the analyzed monazite nodules show correlations at Ce/Nd = 14.39La + 0.0919 (in apfu) and Ce/Nd = 0.2318La + 0.1135 (in wt.%) and vary regularly from core to rim. All monazite compositions fall on this trend, but specific grains may plot in its different parts. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that monazite forms via an intermediate precursor (LnPO4·2H2O). The Ce:La:Nd changes in different grains record Eh–pH variations during nucleation and a gradual temperature increase during subsequent growth. The Ce:La:Nd ratio changes partly in grain rims as a result of oxidative dissolution. Judging by the tectonic setting, REE came to the Kular–Nera rocks from the weathered Tomtor Nb–REE deposit, being transported by the Paleo-Khatanga River with monazite nanoparticles bound to the surface of clay minerals.
Phenanthrene biomarkers in the organic matter of Precambrian and Phanerozoic deposits and in the oils of the Siberian Platform
Authors: Kashirtsev V.A. , Parfenova T.M. , Golovko A.K. , Nikitenko B.L. , Zueva I.N. , Chalaya O.N. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The composition and distribution of phenanthrenes (polyaromatic compounds) have been studied in chloroform extracts from dispersed organic matter (OM) of clayey, siliceous, carbonate, and terrigenous rocks of different ages and facies and from some oils of the Siberian Platform. Phenanthrenes have been analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. High contents of 1,7,8-trimethylphenanthrene and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene are present in the OM of Vendian and Cambrian carbonate-shale deposits and in ancient oils of the Nepa–Botuobiya and Anabar anteclises. The OM of Permian continental deposits and oils of the Vilyui syneclise is dominated by 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene (retene). A triangular diagram for identification of the types of original OM of rocks and classification of genetically related oils has been constructed based on the assessment of phenanthrene biomarker distribution. Putative pathways of the formation of phenanthrene biomarkers are discussed.
A Rule Book on the Shelf? Tallinn Manual 2.0 on Cyberoperations and Subsequent State Practice
Authors: Efrony Dan , Shany Yuval 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article evaluates acceptance of the Tallinn Rules by states on the basis of eleven case studies involving cyberoperations, all occurring after the first Tallinn Manual was published in 2013. Our principal findings are that (1) it is unclear whether states are ready to accept the Tallinn Rules; (2) states show uneven interest in promoting legal certainty in cyberspace; and (3) a growing need for coordinated response to cyberattacks may induce states to consider more favorably the Tallinn Rules.
THE ROLE OF FATHERS IN THE CRIMINAL CAREERS OF JUVENILES IN ITALY
Authors: Pieroni Luca , Lanari Donatella 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to estimate whether fathers involved in the criminal justice system contribute toward determining their children’s criminal activities. We use a unique dataset for Italy, which follows the antisocial behavior of a representative cohort of young criminals aged 14 to 24. Our correlation estimates indicate that fathers involved in criminal activities predict significant recidivism rates by their children. When the transmission mechanisms of fathers were proxied to include a set of observable individual and family variables, our regression estimates showed that almost half the father–child correlation is not explained by the controls. More importantly, estimating the father–child association restricting to fathers in prison, we find that this correlation is significantly large for “theft and drugs,” which suggests that this forced absence acts as a potential determinant of children’s criminal careers.
Beyond the ratio test
Authors: Jameson G. J. O. 
Published: October 2018

D'Alembert's ratio test, a very basic plank in the theory of infinite series, can be stated as follows:Suppose that an > 0 for all n ≥ 1. Then:
(i)if for some n0 and some ρ < 1, we have for all n ≥ n0, then is convergent;(ii)if for some n0, we have for all n ≥ n0, then is divergent.
The mitochondrial genome of Dipetalonema gracile from a squirrel monkey in China
Authors: Zhang P. , Ran R.K. , Abdullahi A.Y. , Shi X.L. , Huang Y. , Sun Y.X. , Liu Y.Q. , Yan X.X. , Hang J.X. , Fu Y.Q. , Wang M.W. , Chen W. , Li G.Q. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDipetalonema gracile is a common parasite in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), which can cause malnutrition and progressive wasting of the host, and lead to death in the case of massive infection. This study aimed to identify a suspected D. gracile worm from a dead squirrel monkey by means of molecular biology, and to amplify its complete mitochondrial genome by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The results identified the worm as D. gracile, and the full length of its complete mitochondrial genome was 13,584 bp, which contained 22 tRNA genes, 12 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, one AT-rich region and one small non-coding region. The nucleotide composition included A (16.89%), G (20.19%), T (56.22%) and C (6.70%), among which A + T = 73.11%. The 12 protein-coding genes used TTG and ATT as start codons, and TAG and TAA as stop codons. Among the 22 tRNA genes, only trnS1AGN and trnS2UCN exhibited the TΨC-loop structure, while the other 20 tRNAs showed the TV-loop structure. The rrnL (986 bp) and rrnS (685 bp) genes were single-stranded and conserved in secondary structure. This study has enriched the mitochondrial gene database of Dipetalonema and laid a scientific basis for further study on classification, and genetic and evolutionary relationships of Dipetalonema nematodes.
Development and feasibility assessment of a collaborative stepped care intervention for management of depression in the mental health in primary care (MeHPriC) project, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Adewuya Abiodun O. , Adewumi Tomilola , Momodu Olufisayo , Olibamoyo Olushola , Adesoji Olabanji , Adegbokun Adedayo , Adeyemo Suraju , Manuwa Olufikunayo , Adegbaju Dapo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of a primary care worker-led psychological intervention as the main feature of a collaborative stepped care for depression that is effective, affordable, culturally acceptable, tailored to patients’ clinical condition and easily integrate-able into the primary care schedule in Nigeria.MethodsUsing the Medical Research Council framework, in the first stage (modelling/theoretical development), experts reviewed and distilled evidence from literature to form the intervention components. In the second (formative) stage, local stakeholders were consulted on the practical application and feasibility of the proposed intervention. The third (piloting) stage involved testing for the clinical efficacy and acceptability of the components of the draft interventionResultsThe final intervention components included a 2-stage screening (red-flagging and further evaluation), psychoeducation, low-intensity psychological therapy (problem-solving therapy for primary care), antidepressant prescription, proactive mobile telephony adherence support and referral to the mental health specialist if needed. At 3 months, 71.6% of depressed patients on the intervention improved. The intervention was perceived to be acceptable and useful by over 70% of health workers and clients and had high ratings (>70% score) by expert panels on intervention simplicity, facilitation strategies, and quality of delivery.ConclusionsThe development and feasibility testing of our integrated intervention encompassed review of current literature, expert opinions and consultation with local stakeholders and end users. Our intervention package was largely deemed acceptable, relevant, useful, and feasible. Important lessons learnt with this process will help in future intervention developments.
Psychopathologic structure of bipolar disorders: exploring dimensional phenotypes, their relationships, and their associations with bipolar I and II disorders
Authors: Baek Ji Hyun , Ha Kyooseob , Kim Yongkang , Cho Young-ah , Yang So Yung , Choi Yujin , Jang Sung-Lee , Park Taesung , Ha Tae Hyon , Hong Kyung Sue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundGiven its diverse disease courses and symptom presentations, multiple phenotype dimensions with different biological underpinnings are expected with bipolar disorders (BPs). In this study, we aimed to identify lifetime BP psychopathology dimensions. We also explored the differing associations with bipolar I (BP-I) and bipolar II (BP-II) disorders.MethodsWe included a total of 307 subjects with BPs in the analysis. For the factor analysis, we chose six variables related to clinical courses, 29 indicators covering lifetime symptoms of mood episodes, and 6 specific comorbid conditions. To determine the relationships among the identified phenotypic dimensions and their effects on differentiating BP subtypes, we applied structural equation modeling.ResultsWe selected a six-factor solution through scree plot, Velicer's minimum average partial test, and face validity evaluations; the six factors were cyclicity, depression, atypical vegetative symptoms, elation, psychotic/irritable mania, and comorbidity. In the path analysis, five factors excluding atypical vegetative symptoms were associated with one another. Cyclicity, depression, and comorbidity had positive associations, and they correlated negatively with psychotic/irritable mania; elation showed positive correlations with cyclicity and psychotic/irritable mania. Depression, cyclicity, and comorbidity were stronger in BP-II than in BP-I, and they contributed significantly to the distinction between the two disorders.ConclusionsWe identified six phenotype dimensions; in addition to symptom features of manic and depressive episodes, various comorbidities and high cyclicity constructed separate dimensions. Except for atypical vegetative symptoms, all factors showed a complex interdependency and played roles in discriminating BP-II from BP-I.