bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic structure of PI3-kinase SH3 amyloid fibrils by cryo-electron microscopy
Authors: Röder Christine , Vettore Nicola , Mangels Lena N. , Gremer Lothar , Ravelli Raimond B. G. , Willbold Dieter , Hoyer Wolfgang , Buell Alexander K. , Schröder Gunnar F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh resolution structural information on amyloid fibrils is crucial for the understanding of their formation mechanisms and for the rational design of amyloid inhibitors in the context of protein misfolding diseases. The Src-homology 3 domain of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K-SH3) is a model amyloid system that plays a pivotal role in our basic understanding of protein misfolding and aggregation. Here, we present the atomic model of the PI3K-SH3 amyloid fibril with a resolution determined to 3.4 Å by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The fibril is composed of two intertwined protofilaments that create an interface spanning 13 residues from each monomer. The model comprises residues 1–77 out of 86 amino acids in total, with the missing residues located in the highly flexible C-terminus. The fibril structure allows us to rationalise the effects of chemically conservative point mutations as well as of the previously reported sequence perturbations on PI3K-SH3 fibril formation and growth.
Early progression to active tuberculosis is a highly heritable trait driven by 3q23 in Peruvians
Authors: Luo Yang , Suliman Sara , Asgari Samira , Amariuta Tiffany , Baglaenko Yuriy , Martínez-Bonet Marta , Ishigaki Kazuyoshi , Gutierrez-Arcelus Maria , Calderon Roger , Lecca Leonid , León Segundo R. , Jimenez Judith , Yataco Rosa , Contreras Carmen , Galea Jerome T. , Becerra Mercedes , Nejentsev Sergey , Nigrovic Peter A. , Moody D. Branch , Murray Megan B. , Raychaudhuri Soumya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOf the 1.8 billion people worldwide infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 5–15% will develop active tuberculosis (TB). Approximately half will progress to active TB within the first 18 months after infection, presumably because they fail to mount an effective initial immune response. Here, in a genome-wide genetic study of early TB progression, we genotype 4002 active TB cases and their household contacts in Peru. We quantify genetic heritability ($${\it{h}}_{\it{g}}^2$$

h

g

2

) of early TB progression to be 21.2% (standard error 0.08). This suggests TB progression has a strong genetic basis, and is comparable to traits with well-established genetic bases. We identify a novel association between early TB progression and variants located in a putative enhancer region on chromosome 3q23 (rs73226617, OR = 1.18; P = 3.93 × 10−8). With in silico and in vitro analyses we identify rs73226617 or rs148722713 as the likely functional variant and ATP1B3 as a potential causal target gene with monocyte specific function.
Measurement of the variation of electron-to-proton mass ratio using ultracold molecules produced from laser-cooled atoms
Authors: Kobayashi J. , Ogino A. , Inouye S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExperimental techniques to manipulate cold molecules have seen great development in recent years. The precision measurements of cold molecules are expected to give insights into fundamental physics. Here we use a rovibrationally pure sample of ultracold KRb molecules to improve the measurement on the stability of electron-to-proton mass ratio $$\left( {\mu = \frac{{m_{\mathrm{e}}}}{{M_{\mathrm{p}}}}} \right)$$

μ
=

m

e

M

p

. The measurement is based upon a large sensitivity coefficient of the molecular spectroscopy, which utilizes a transition between a nearly degenerate pair of vibrational levels each associated with a different electronic potential. Observed limit on temporal variation of μ is $$\frac{1}{\mu }\frac{{d\mu }}{{dt}} = (0.30 \pm 1.0) \times 10^{ - 14} \, {\mathrm{year}}^{ - 1}$$

1

μ

d
μ

d
t

=

(

0.30
±
1.0

)

×
1

0

-
14

year

-
1

, which is better by a factor of five compared with the most stringent laboratory molecular limits to date. Further improvements should be straightforward, because our measurement was only limited by statistical errors.
Screening highly active perovskites for hydrogen-evolving reaction via unifying ionic electronegativity descriptor
Authors: Guan Daqin , Zhou Jing , Huang Yu-Cheng , Dong Chung-Li , Wang Jian-Qiang , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFacile and reliable screening of cost-effective, high-performance and scalable electrocatalysts is key for energy conversion technologies such as water splitting. ABO3-δ perovskites, with rich constitutions and structures, have never been designed via activity descriptors for critical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, we apply coordination rationales to introduce A-site ionic electronegativity (AIE) as an efficient unifying descriptor to predict the HER activities of 13 cobalt-based perovskites. Compared with A-site structural or thermodynamic parameter, AIE endows the HER activity with the best volcano trend. (Gd0.5La0.5)BaCo2O5.5+δ predicted from an AIE value of ~2.33 exceeds the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst in electrode activity and stability. X-ray absorption and computational studies reveal that the peak HER activities at a moderate AIE value of ~2.33 can be associated with the optimal electronic states of active B-sites via inductive effect in perovskite structure (~200 nm depth), including Co valence, Co-O bond covalency, band gap and O 2p-band position.
Spin–lattice and electron–phonon coupling in 3d/5d hybrid Sr3NiIrO6
Authors: O’Neal Kenneth R. , Paul Arpita , al-Wahish Amal , Hughey Kendall D. , Blockmon Avery L. , Luo Xuan , Cheong Sang-Wook , Zapf Vivien S. , Topping Craig V. , Singleton John , Ozerov Mykhalo , Birol Turan , Musfeldt Janice L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile 3d-containing materials display strong electron correlations, narrow band widths, and robust magnetism, 5d systems are recognized for strong spin–orbit coupling, increased hybridization, and more diffuse orbitals. Combining these properties leads to novel behavior. Sr3NiIrO6, for example, displays complex magnetism and ultra-high coercive fields—up to an incredible 55 T. Here, we combine infrared and optical spectroscopies with high-field magnetization and first-principles calculations to explore the fundamental excitations of the lattice and related coupling processes including spin–lattice and electron–phonon mechanisms. Magneto-infrared spectroscopy reveals spin–lattice coupling of three phonons that modulate the Ir environment to reduce the energy required to modify the spin arrangement. While these modes primarily affect exchange within the chains, analysis also uncovers important inter-chain motion. This provides a mechanism by which inter-chain interactions can occur in the developing model for ultra-high coercivity. At the same time, analysis of the on-site Ir4+ excitations reveals vibronic coupling and extremely large crystal field parameters that lead to a t2g-derived low-spin state for Ir. These findings highlight the spin–charge–lattice entanglement in Sr3NiIrO6 and suggest that similar interactions may take place in other 3d/5d hybrids.
Globe-LFMC, a global plant water status database for vegetation ecophysiology and wildfire applications
Authors: Yebra Marta , Scortechini Gianluca , Badi Abdulbaset , Beget María Eugenia , Boer Matthias M. , Bradstock Ross , Chuvieco Emilio , Danson F. Mark , Dennison Philip , Resco de Dios Victor , Di Bella Carlos M. , Forsyth Greg , Frost Philip , Garcia Mariano , Hamdi Abdelaziz , He Binbin , Jolly Matt , Kraaij Tineke , Martín M. Pilar , Mouillot Florent , Newnham Glenn , Nolan Rachael H. , Pellizzaro Grazia , Qi Yi , Quan Xingwen , Riaño David , Roberts Dar , Sow Momadou , Ustin Susan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGlobe-LFMC is an extensive global database of live fuel moisture content (LFMC) measured from 1,383 sampling sites in 11 countries: Argentina, Australia, China, France, Italy, Senegal, Spain, South Africa, Tunisia, United Kingdom and the United States of America. The database contains 161,717 individual records based on in situ destructive samples used to measure LFMC, representing the amount of water in plant leaves per unit of dry matter. The primary goal of the database is to calibrate and validate remote sensing algorithms used to predict LFMC. However, this database is also relevant for the calibration and validation of dynamic global vegetation models, eco-physiological models of plant water stress as well as understanding the physiological drivers of spatiotemporal variation in LFMC at local, regional and global scales. Globe-LFMC should be useful for studying LFMC trends in response to environmental change and LFMC influence on wildfire occurrence, wildfire behavior, and overall vegetation health.
The lateral neocortex is critical for contextual fear memory reconsolidation
Authors: de la Fuente Verónica , Medina Candela , Falasco Germán , Urrutia Leandro , Kravitz Alexxai V. , Urbano Francisco J. , Vázquez Silvia , Pedreira María Eugenia , Romano Arturo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMemories are a product of the concerted activity of many brain areas. Deregulation of consolidation and reprocessing of mnemonic traces that encode fearful experiences might result in fear-related psychopathologies. Here, we assessed how pre-established memories change with experience, particularly the labilization/reconsolidation of memory, using the whole-brain analysis technique of positron emission tomography in male mice. We found differences in glucose consumption in the lateral neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala in mice that underwent labilization/reconsolidation processes compared to animals that did not reactivate a fear memory. We used chemogenetics to obtain insight into the role of cortical areas in these phases of memory and found that the lateral neocortex is necessary for fear memory reconsolidation. Inhibition of lateral neocortex during reconsolidation altered glucose consumption levels in the amygdala. Using an optogenetic/neuronal recording-based strategy we observed that the lateral neocortex is functionally connected with the amygdala, which, along with retrograde labeling using fluorophore-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B, support a monosynaptic connection between these areas and poses this connection as a hot-spot in the circuits involved in reactivation of fear memories.
Width dependence of the 0.5 × (2e2/h) conductance plateau in InAs quantum point contacts in presence of lateral spin-orbit coupling
Authors: Das Partha Pratim , Cahay Marc , Kalita Shashikala , Mal Sib Sankar , Jha Alok Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe evolution of the 0.5Go (Go = 2e2/h) conductance plateau and the accompanying hysteresis loop in a series of asymmetrically biased InAs based quantum point contacts (QPCs) in the presence of lateral spin-orbit coupling (LSOC) is studied using a number of QPCs with varying lithographic channel width but fixed channel length. It is found that the size of the hysteresis loops is larger for QPCs of smaller aspect ratio (QPC channel width/length) and gradually disappears as their aspect ratio increases. The physical mechanisms responsible for a decrease in size of the hysteresis loops for QPCs with increasing aspect ratio are: (1) multimode transport in QPCs with larger channel width leading to spin-flip scattering events due to both remote impurities in the doping layer of the heterostructure and surface roughness and impurity (dangling bond) scattering on the sidewalls of the narrow portion of the QPC, and (2) an increase in carrier density resulting in a screening of the electron-electron interactions in the QPC channel. Both effects lead to a progressive disappearance of the net spin polarization in the QPC channel and an accompanying reduction in the size of the hysteresis loops as the lithographic width of the QPC channel increases.
Microridges are apical epithelial projections formed of F-actin networks that organize the glycan layer
Authors: Pinto Clyde Savio , Khandekar Ameya , Bhavna Rajasekaran , Kiesel Petra , Pigino Gaia , Sonawane Mahendra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractApical projections are integral functional units of epithelial cells. Microvilli and stereocilia are cylindrical apical projections that are formed of bundled actin. Microridges on the other hand, extend laterally, forming labyrinthine patterns on surfaces of various kinds of squamous epithelial cells. So far, the structural organization and functions of microridges have remained elusive. We have analyzed microridges on zebrafish epidermal cells using confocal and electron microscopy methods including electron tomography, to show that microridges are formed of F-actin networks and require the function of the Arp2/3 complex for their maintenance. During development, microridges begin as F-actin punctae showing signatures of branching and requiring an active Arp2/3 complex. Using inhibitors of actin polymerization and the Arp2/3 complex, we show that microridges organize the surface glycan layer. Our analyses have unraveled the F-actin organization supporting the most abundant and evolutionarily conserved apical projection, which functions in glycan organization.
Quantum-Inspired Acromyrmex Evolutionary Algorithm
Authors: Montiel Oscar , Rubio Yoshio , Olvera Cynthia , Rivera Ajelet 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObtaining efficient optimisation algorithms has become the focus of much research interest since current developing trends in machine learning, traffic management, and other cutting-edge applications require complex optimised models containing a huge number of parameters. At present, computers based on the classical Turing-machine are inefficient when intent to solve optimisation tasks in complex and wicked problems. As a solution, quantum computers that should satisfy the Deutsch-Church-Turing principle have been proposed but this technology is still at an early stage. quantum-inspired algorithms (QIA) have emerged trying to fill-up an existing gap between the theoretical advances in quantum computation and real quantum computers. QIA use classical computers to simulate some physical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform quantum computations. This paper proposes the quantum-inspired Acromyrmex evolutionary algorithm (QIAEA) as a highly efficient global optimisation method for complex systems. We present comparative statistical analyses that demonstrate how this nature-inspired proposal outperforms existing outstanding quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithms when testing benchmark functions.
Cocaine Induces Inflammatory Gut Milieu by Compromising the Mucosal Barrier Integrity and Altering the Gut Microbiota Colonization
Authors: Chivero Ernest T. , Ahmad Rizwan , Thangaraj Annadurai , Periyasamy Palsamy , Kumar Balawant , Kroeger Elisa , Feng Dan , Guo Ming-Lei , Roy Sabita , Dhawan Punita , Singh Amar B. , Buch Shilpa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCocaine use disorder (CUD), a major health crisis, has traditionally been considered a complication of the CNS; however, it is also closely associated with malnourishment and deteriorating gut health. In light of emerging studies on the potential role of gut microbiota in neurological disorders, we sought to understand the causal association between CUD and gut dysbiosis. Using a comprehensive approach, we confirmed that cocaine administration in mice resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, cocaine-mediated gut dysbiosis was associated with upregulation of proinflammatory mediators including NF-κB and IL-1β. In vivo and in vitro analyses confirmed that cocaine altered gut-barrier composition of the tight junction proteins while also impairing epithelial permeability by potentially involving the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling. Taken together, our findings unravel a causal link between CUD, gut-barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis and set a stage for future development of supplemental strategies for the management of CUD-associated gut complications.
High-speed device synchronization in optical microscopy with an open-source hardware control platform
Authors: Colville Marshall J. , Park Sangwoo , Zipfel Warren R. , Paszek Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAzimuthal beam scanning eliminates the uneven excitation field arising from laser interference in through-objective total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. The same principle can be applied to scanning angle interference microscopy (SAIM), where precision control of the scanned laser beam presents unique technical challenges for the builders of custom azimuthal scanning microscopes. Accurate synchronization between the instrument computer, beam scanning system and excitation source is required to collect high quality data and minimize sample damage in SAIM acquisitions. Drawing inspiration from open-source prototyping systems, like the Arduino microcontroller boards, we developed a new instrument control platform to be affordable, easily programmed, and broadly useful, but with integrated, precision analog circuitry and optimized firmware routines tailored to advanced microscopy. We show how the integration of waveform generation, multiplexed analog outputs, and native hardware triggers into a single central hub provides a versatile platform for performing fast circle-scanning acquisitions, including azimuthal scanning SAIM and multiangle TIRF. We also demonstrate how the low communication latency of our hardware platform can reduce image intensity and reconstruction artifacts arising from synchronization errors produced by software control. Our complete platform, including hardware design, firmware, API, and software, is available online for community-based development and collaboration.
Extracorporeal shock waves protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by upregulating survivin via the integrin-ILK-Akt-Sp1/p53 axis
Authors: Yoon Lee Ji , Chung Jihwa , Hwa Kim Kyoung , Hyun An Shung , Yi Jeong-Eun , Ae Kwon Kyoung , Kwon Kihwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anti-cancer drug; however, it has limited application due to cardiotoxicity. Extracorporeal shock waves (ESW) have been suggested to treat inflammatory and ischemic diseases, but the concrete effect of ESW in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy remain obscure. After H9c2 cells were subjected to ESW (0.04 mJ/cm2), they were treated with 1 μM DOX. As a result, ESW protected cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cell death. H9c2 cells treated with DOX downregulated p-Akt and survivin expression, whereas the ESW treatment recovered both, suggesting its anti-apoptotic effect. ESW activated integrin αvβ3 and αvβ5, cardiomyocyte mechanosensors, followed by upregulation of ILK, p-Akt and survivin levels. Further, Sp1 and p53 were determined as key transcriptional factors mediating survivin expression via Akt phosphorylation by ESW. In in vivo acute DOX-induced cardiomyopathy model, the echocardiographic results showed that group subjected to ESW recovered from acute DOX-induced cardiomyopathy; left ventricular function was improved. The immunohistochemical staining results showed increased survivin and Bcl2 expression in ESW + DOX group compared to those in the DOX-injected group. In conclusion, non-invasive shockwaves protect cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cardiomyopathy by upregulating survivin via integrin-ILK-Akt-Sp1/p53 pathway. In vivo study proposed ESW as a new kind of specific and safe therapy against acute DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.
Catalytic oxidation of toluene, ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene over Ag/MnO2-cordierite molded catalyst
Authors: Zhu Jianan , Zhang Wenrui , Qi Qiuping , Zhang Huawei , Zhang Yaqing , Sun Dekui , Liang Peng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulti-structured Ag/MnO2-cordierite molded catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method and applied to the catalytic oxidation of VOCs. Catalytic activities of Ag/MnO2-cordierite were evaluated by 1000 ppm of toluene, ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene degradation respectively at the air atmosphere, and their physicochemical properties were characterized through multiple techniques containing XRD, SEM, TEM, H2-TPR and XPS. It is found that nanorod Ag/MnO2-cordierite molded catalyst showed prominent catalytic activity for VOCs decomposition and the T90 for toluene, ethyl acetate and chlorobenzene are 275 °C, 217 °C and 385 °C respectively under the space velocity of 10,000 h−1. High valence manganese oxide, more active lattice oxygen proportion and superior low-temperature reducibility were the great contributors to the high activity of the catalyst with nanorod morphology. Studies of space velocity and catalytic stability over nanorod Ag/MnO2-cordierite molded catalyst have confirmed the good catalytic performance, excellent mechanical strength and satisfied anti-toxicity to Cl at higher space velocity, which indicates that this molded catalyst have promise for industrial application.
Prognostic values of novel biomarkers in patients with AL amyloidosis
Authors: Kim Darae , Lee Ga Yeon , Choi Jin-Oh , Kim Kihyun , Kim Seok Jin , Ju Eun-Seon , Jeon Eun-Seok 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs cardiac involvement is the most important prognostic marker in light-chain amyloidosis (AL), revised Mayo staging for AL incorporated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and troponin T (TnT). However, prognostic value of novel biomarkers, such as soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), or osteopontin (OPN) is unknown in AL amyloidosis. We aimed to investigate additive predictive effects of novel biomarkers for overall mortality rates of AL amyloidosis patients. Levels of sST2, GDF15, and OPN were quantified at diagnosis in a total of 73 AL amyloidosis patients at Samsung Medical Center from 2010 to 2016. The median follow-up duration of the censored cases was 18.0 (12.4–28.1) months. A total of 25 deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Two novel biomarkers, sST2 and GDF-15 showed satisfactory predictive performances for both one-year and overall survival from ROC analysis. Best cut-off values for predicting one-year mortality were selected. Elevated sST2 and GDF-15 levels showed significant incremental prognostic values in addition to NT-ProBNP and TnT for overall mortality. Patients were assigned 1 point for elevated sST2 or GDF-15. The mean values of NT-proBNP, TnT, mean LV wall thickness, and septal e′ velocity differed significantly according to the scores. Patients with higher scores showed significantly worse prognosis even in patients with advanced revised Mayo staging. Two novel biomarkers, sST2 and GDF-15, showed satisfactory prognostic value for overall survival of AL amyloidosis patients. Furthermore, sST2 and GDF-15 showed additive incremental values over conventional biomarkers and further discriminated prognosis of patients in advanced stages.