bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin E Promotes Bone Formation in a Distraction Osteogenesis Model
Authors: Akçay Hüseyin , Kuru Keremcan , Tatar Birkan , Şimşek Fatma 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The long consolidation period of distraction osteogenesis (DO) may lead to complications such as pain, infection, fracture, scar formation, malunion and delayed union. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic Vitamin E application during mandibular DO on new bone regeneration in a rabbit model. 16 adult male 8 months old New Zealand rabbits underwent mandibular lengthening with a distractor for the study. After the latency period of 5 days, the distractor was activated at a rate of 0.5 mm/12 hours for 7 days. Experimental animals received 200 mg/kg injections of α-tocopherol intraperitoneally for 7 days starting with the operation. After the consolidation period of 30 days, rabbits were sacrificed. Lengthened mandibles were obtained and subjected to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), radiologic and histomorphometric analysis. Statistically, bone mineral density and bone mineral content values were found to be significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group during DXA analysis. Rabbits in the experimental group had statistically higher scores in terms of osteoblast, osteoclast, vessel numbers and newly formed bone area than the control group. Results of the present study showed that systemic Vitamin E application during DO may stimulate new bone formation in rabbits and thus results in shortened treatment time.
Pseudoaneurysm of Facial Artery After Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Neto Tiburtino José de Lima , Maranhão Carlos Alexandre de Albuquerque , Neto Patrício José de Oliveira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular branch is to be included common approach for alteration of facial tooth shapes and it is treated technically safe. This conduct can breed various complications, among other things vascular complications. A clinical case has described the development of pseudoaneurysm in the facial artery in a 33-year patient undergoing bilateral osteotomy Le Fort I sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular branch. Subsequently, there was a vascular complication treated by the vascular surgeon that generated a rejection process to the material used for treatment, generating aesthetic damage to the patient and the need for plastic surgery intervention. The leading mode of conduct of vascular injuries are analyzed, and embolization is established to be technically secure conduct.
Myocardial Edema: an Overlooked Mechanism of Septic Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Vasques-Nóvoa Francisco , Laundos Tiago L. , Madureira António , Bettencourt Nuno , Nunes José P.L. , Carneiro Fátima , Paiva José A. , Pinto-do-Ó Perpétua , Nascimento Diana S. , Leite-Moreira Adelino F. , Roncon-Albuquerque Roberto 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Septic cardiomyopathy is an increasingly relevant topic in clinical management of septic shock. However, pathophysiological mechanisms and long-term consequences of sepsis-induced myocardial injury are still poorly understood. Herein, new clinical and histological evidence is provided suggesting an association of myocardial edema formation with tissue injury and subsequent remodeling in septic shock patients. This preliminary data supports myocardial edema as a potentially relevant and largely unexplored mechanism of human septic cardiomyopathy.
Multimorbidity in older adults living with and beyond cancer
Authors: Corbett Teresa , Bridges Jackie 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of review
The current review draws attention to the need for longer term management of multiple conditions in older adults with cancer.

Recent findings
Older people living with and beyond cancer are more likely than younger people to have higher prevalence of multimorbidity leading to an overall increase in illness and treatment burdens, limiting health-related quality of life (QoL), and capacity to self-manage. Older age presents a higher risk of cancer treatment side-effects and development or progression of other conditions, leading to worsening health, long-lasting functional problems, and social isolation. Although many prioritize functional independence and continuance of valued activities over survival, older people living with multimorbidity are more likely to experience poor physical functioning during and beyond cancer treatment.

Summary
Cancer treatment decisions and survivorship plans should be developed in the context of other conditions and in line with the individual's priorities for continued QoL. More research is needed to guide service development and clinical practice in this important area.
Vaginal Estrogen for the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ferrante Kimberly L. , Wasenda Erika J. , Jung Carrie E. , Adams-Piper Emily R. , Lukacz Emily S. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives
We aimed to compare the efficacy of 2 commonly used contemporary vaginal estrogen administrations versus placebo for the prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women with a clinical diagnosis of recurrent UTI (rUTI).

Methods
This was an investigator-initiated, multicenter, single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of vaginal estrogen (delivered via ring or cream) compared with placebo. Postmenopausal women with documented rUTI were randomized to receive either vaginal estrogen (via ring or cream) or placebo cream in a 1:1:1 fashion. The primary outcome was occurrence of UTI at 6 months. After 6 months, open-label use of ring or active cream was offered to all participants for an additional 6 months. Because of slower than expected recruitment, sample size calculations and block randomization schema were revised to combine estrogen groups (ring or cream) for statistical comparisons to placebo cream in a 1:1 fashion.

Results
Thirty-five women were randomized with 9 dropouts (1 ring, 2 cream, and 6 placebo) prior to the 6 months. Intention-to-treat analysis (assuming dropouts as failures) revealed fewer women treated with vaginal estrogen had a UTI within 6 months versus placebo (11/18 vs 16/17, respectively; P = 0.041). Per-protocol analysis revealed fewer subjects treated with vaginal estrogen had a UTI at 6 months (8/15 vs 10/11, respectively; P = 0.036).

Conclusions
Commonly prescribed forms of vaginal estrogen with contemporary dosing schedules prevent UTIs in postmenopausal women with an active diagnosis of rUTI.
Multi-lineage evolution in viral populations driven by host immune systems
Authors: Marchi Jacopo , Lässig Michael , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractViruses evolve in the background of host immune systems that exert selective pressure and drive viral evolutionary trajectories. This interaction leads to different evolutionary patterns in antigenic space. Examples observed in nature include the effectively one-dimensional escape characteristic of influenza A and the prolonged coexistence of lineages in influenza B. Here we use an evolutionary model for viruses in the presence of immune host systems with finite memory to delineate parameter regimes of these patterns in a in two-dimensional antigenic space. We find that for small effective mutation rates and mutation jump ranges, a single lineage is the only stable solution. Large effective mutation rates combined with large mutational jumps in antigenic space lead to multiple stably co-existing lineages over prolonged evolutionary periods. These results combined with observations from data constrain the parameter regimes for the adaptation of viruses, including influenza.
Nucleocytoplasmic Proteomic Analysis Uncovers eRF1 and Nonsense Mediated Decay as Modifiers of ALS C9orf72 Toxicity
Authors: Ortega Juan A. , Daley Elizabeth L. , Kour Sukhleen , Samani Marisa , Tellez Liana , Smith Haley S. , Hall Elizabeth A. , Taylan Esengul Y. , Tsai Yung-Hsu , Gendron Tania F. , Donnelly Christopher J. , Siddique Teepu , Savas Jeffrey N. , Pandey Udai B. , Kiskinis Evangelos 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThe most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 (C9-HRE). While RNA and dipeptide repeats produced by the C9-HRE disrupt nucleocytoplasmic transport, the proteins that become redistributed remain unknown. Here, we utilized subcellular fractionation coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and identified 126 proteins, enriched for protein translation and RNA metabolism pathways, which collectively drive a shift towards a more cytosolic proteome in C9-HRE cells. Amongst these was eRF1, which regulates translation termination and nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). eRF1 accumulates within elaborate nuclear envelope invaginations in patient iPSC-neurons and postmortem tissue and mediates a protective shift from protein translation to NMD-dependent mRNA degradation. Overexpression of eRF1 and the NMD-driver UPF1 ameliorate C9-HRE toxicity in vivo. Our findings provide a resource for proteome-wide nucleocytoplasmic alterations across neurodegeneration-associated repeat expansion mutations and highlight eRF1 and NMD as therapeutic targets in C9orf72-associated ALS/FTD.
The role of iron uptake systems in the pathogenesis of colistin-resistant hypervirulent K.pneumoniae infections
Authors: Dogan Ozlem , Vatansever Cansel , Atac Nazli , Albayrak Ozgur , Karahuseyinoglu Sercin , Sahin Ozgun Ekin , Kilicoglu Bilge Kaan , Demiray Atalay , Ergonul Onder , Gönen Mehmet , Can Fusun 
Published: June 2019

SummaryHere we proposed the hypothesis that hypervirulent colistin resistant K.pneumoniae (ColR-Kp) exhibit high number of virulence factors and have enhanced survival capacity against neutrophil activity.We studied virulence genes of ColR-Kp isolates and neutrophil response in 142 patients with invasive infections.The patients infected with hypervirulent ST101 and ST395 ColR-Kp had higher 30-day mortality (58%, p=0.005 and 75%, p=0.003, respectively. The yersiniabactin biosynthesis gene (ybtS) and ferric uptake operon associated gene (kfu) were significantly higher in ST101 (99%, p=<0.001) and in ST395 (94%, p<0.012). Being in ICU (OR: 7.9; CI: 1.43-55.98; p=0.024), kfu (OR:27.0; CI:5.67-179.65; p<0.001) and ST101 (OR: 17.2; CI: 2.45-350.40; p=0.01) were found to be predictors of 30-day mortality. The uptake of kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp by neutrophils was significantly higher than kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp (78% vs 65%, p<0.001). However, kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp were more resistant to the killing activity of neutrophils than negative ones (7.90 vs 4.22; p=0.001). The kfu+-ybtS+ ColR-Kp stimulated excessive NET formation while the NET’s against kfu--ybtS- ColR-Kp were weak and rare.Iron uptake systems enhance successful survival of K.pneumoniae against neutrophil phagocytic defense, and stimulate excessive NET formation. The drugs targeted to iron uptake systems would be a promising approach for treatment of hypervirulent K.pneumoniae infections.
Tracking the origin of island diversity: insights from divergence with the continental pool in monocots
Authors: Veron Simon , Mouchet Maud , Grandcolas Philippe , Govaerts Rafaël , Haevermans Thomas , Pellens Roseli 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAt their early age, a large proportion of island pools were a partial sampling of mainland pools whatever islands are oceanic or fragments of the mainland. Through time, colonization, diversification, extinctions, have deeply transformed insular and continental communities and therefore the degree to which they share species. We studied the relative importance of these mechanisms by looking at the shared evolutionary history between species pools on islands and continents. Indeed, most of these mechanisms are not neutral regarding phylogeny but are linked to species evolutionary relationships. We measured the phylogenetic divergence between continental and insular monocot communities through metrics of beta Mean Pairwise Distance and beta Mean Nearest Taxon Distance. We first tested the influence of spatial and environmental distance to the continent, two main factors of divergence, but whose explanatory power in a phylogenetic context was still unclear. We showed that both dispersal and enviromental filtering were important to explain divergence, although species that could pass these filters were not phylogenetically clustered. There was however a clear distinction between oceanic and continental islands: a stable climate in the latters was key to the survival of the original biota leading to a high proportion of shared lineages between the mainland and islands. But distance to the continent was only part of the story, we investigated additionnal mechanisms of phylogenetic divergence through their relation to island features and community structure. This showed that the most divergent islands occurred in the tropics and that processes of persistence of original species, diversification in remote archipelagos, neutral colonization on easy-to-reach islands, turnover, and high speciation rates may have driven phylogenetic divergence at a world scale. This study showed how phylogenetic approaches may explain how divergence, or similarity may have arisen and provide new insights in the continental origin of plant diversity on islands.
Towards the minimal proteome of life: Proteome profiles ofBacillus subtilisvegetative cells and spores
Authors: Swarge Bhagyashree , Roseboom Winfried , de Koster Chris G. , Brul Stanley , de Koning Leo J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe method of15N metabolic labelling ofBacillus subtilisenabled mass spectrometric quantification of relative protein levels in the vegetative cells and the spores of this model organism. A total of 1501 proteins have been identified from the combined spore and vegetative cell samples. From these 1086 proteins have been relatively and reproducibly quantified between spores and vegetative cells. Of the quantified proteins, 60% are common to the vegetative cells and spores, indicating that spores host a minimal set proteins sufficient for the resumption of metabolism upon completion of germination. The shared proteins represent, the most basic ‘survival kit’ for life on earth that is known thus far.
XenoCell: classification of cellular barcodes in single cell experiments from xenograft samples
Authors: Cheloni Stefano , Hillje Roman , Luzi Lucilla , Pelicci Pier Giuseppe , Gatti Elena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle-cell sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities to deconvolve the genomic, transcriptomic or epigenomic heterogeneity of complex biological systems. Its application in samples from xenografts of patient-derived biopsies (PDX), however, is limited by the presence in the analysed samples of a mixture of cells arising from the host and the graft.We have developed XenoCell, the first stand-alone pre-processing tool that performs fast and reliable classification of host and graft cellular barcodes. We show its application on a single cell dataset composed by human and mouse cells.Availability and implementationXenoCell is available for non-commercial use on GitLab: https://gitlab.com/XenoCell/XenoCell
The probability distribution of the reconstructed phylogenetic tree with occurrence data
Authors: Gupta Ankit , Manceau Marc , Vaughan Timothy , Khammash Mustafa , Stadler Tanja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe consider a homogeneous birth-death process with incomplete sampling. Three successive sampling schemes are considered. First, individuals can be sampled through time and included in the tree. Second, they can be occurrences which are sampled through time and not included in the tree. Third, individuals reaching present day can be sampled and included in the tree. Upon sampling, individuals are removed (i.e. die).The outcome of the process is thus composed of the reconstructed evolutionary tree spanning all individuals sampled and included in the tree, and a timeline of occurrence events which are not placed along the tree. We derive a formula allowing one to compute the joint probability density of these, which can readily be used to perform maximum likelihood or Bayesian estimation of the parameters of the model.In the context of epidemiology, our probability density allows us to estimate transmission rates through a joint analysis of epidemiological case count data and phylogenetic trees reconstructed from pathogen sequences. Within macroevolution, our equations are the basis for taking into account fossil occurrences from paleontological databases together with extant species phylogenies for estimating speciation and extinction rates. Thus, we provide the theoretical framework for bridging not only the gap between phylogenetics and epidemiology, but also the gap between phylogenetics and paleontology.
The WD40-repeat protein WDR-48 promotes the stability of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP-46 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Hodul Molly , Ganji Rakesh , Dahlberg Caroline L , Raman Malavika , Juo Peter 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTUbiquitination is a reversible post-translational modification that has emerged as a critical regulator of synapse development and function. However, mechanisms that regulate the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that are responsible for the removal of ubiquitin from target proteins are poorly understood. We previously showed that the DUB USP-46 removes ubiquitin from the glutamate receptor GLR-1 and regulates it trafficking and degradation in C. elegans. We found that WD40-repeat proteins WDR-20 and WDR-48 bind and stimulate the catalytic activity of USP-46. Here, we identify another mechanism by which WDR-48 regulates USP-46. We found that increased expression of WDR-48, but not WDR-20, promotes USP-46 abundance in mammalian cells in culture and in C. elegans neurons in vivo. Inhibition of the proteasome promotes the abundance of USP-46, and this effect is non-additive with increased expression of WDR-48. We found that USP-46 is ubiquitinated, and expression of WDR-48 reduces the levels of ubiquitin-USP-46 conjugates and increases the half-life of USP-46. A point mutant version of WDR-48 that disrupts binding to USP-46 is unable to promote USP-46 abundance in vivo. Together, these data support a model in which WDR-48 binds and stabilizes USP-46 protein levels by preventing the ubiquitination and degradation of USP-46 in the proteasome. Given that a large number of USPs interact with WDR proteins, we propose that stabilization of DUBs by their interacting WDR proteins may be a conserved and widely used mechanism to control DUB availability and function.
Radiation‐induced tumor immunity in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Lockney Natalie A. , Zhang Mei , Morris Christopher G. , Nichols Romaine Charles , Okunieff Paul , Swarts Steven , Zhang Zhenhuan , Zhang Bingrong , Zhang Amy , Hoppe Bradford S. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundRadiation‐induced tumor immunity (RITI) influences primary tumor growth and development of metastases in preclinical cancer models with conventional radiotherapy. Antigen‐specific immune responses have also been shown for prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy. We examined whether RITI can be induced in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following proton radiotherapy.MethodsPre‐ and post‐radiotherapy plasma samples from 26 patients with nonmetastatic NSCLC who received radiotherapy between 2010 and 2012 were evaluated by western blotting for IgG and IgM bands to assess RITI response to tumor antigens from lung cancer cell lines. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate any correlation among IgG or IgM and clinical outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐one patients received proton therapy at 2 GyRBE/fraction (n = 17) or 6–12 Gy/fraction (n = 4); five received photon therapy at 2–2.5 GyRBE/fraction. Compared with the pretreatment baseline, new IgG or IgM binding was detected in 27% and 50% of patients, respectively. New IgG bands were detected in the 25–37 kD, 50–75 kD, and 75–100 kD ranges. New IgM bands were detected in the 20–25 kD, 25–37 kD, 37–50 kD, 50–75 kD, and 75–100 kD ranges. There was no difference in IgG and/or IgM RITI response in patients treated with photons versus protons, or in patients who received SBRT compared to standard fractionation (P > 0.05). There was no difference in overall survival, metastasis‐free survival, or local control based on IgG and/or IgM RITI response (P > 0.05).ConclusionRITI can be induced in patients with NSCLC through upregulated IgG and/or IgM. RITI response was not associated with proton versus photon therapy or with clinical outcomes in this small cohort and should be examined in a larger cohort in future studies.
Dilution and microfiltration of particulate corticosteroids for spinal epidural injections: impact on drug concentration and agglomerate formation
Authors: Alcántara Guardado A. , Cooper G. , Weightman A. , Spiess R. , Baker A.D.L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryParticulate corticosteroids have been described to lead to greater pain improvement compared with their non‐particulate counterparts when used in epidural injections. It is hypothesised that filtering may significantly impact their concentration and long‐term efficacy. We investigated if passing particulate suspensions through different commonly‐used filters affects drug dosage. Two particulate corticosteroid formulations, triamcinolone acetonide and methylprednisolone acetate, were mixed at different concentrations with either bupivacaine hydrochloride or 0.9% sodium chloride. Solutions were passed through a 5‐μm and a 0.2‐μm filter. Mass spectroscopy results indicated a complete loss of corticosteroid from the solutions using both filters, and light microscopy imaging demonstrated agglomerate formation, suggesting that filtering interferes with drug dosage. The choice of diluents must also be considered to reduce large agglomerate formation. Clinicians should be aware of the consequences of filtering particulate suspensions and carefully consider the selection of diluent when considering treatment plans.