bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
o‐Benzenediol‐Functionalized Carbon Nanosheets as Low Self‐Discharge Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Xiong Ting , Yu Zhi Gen , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xue Junmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWidening the voltage window is often proposed as a way to increase the energy density of aqueous supercapacitors. However, attempting to operate beyond the aqueous supercapacitor stability region can undermine the supercapacitor reliability due to pronounced electrolyte decomposition, which can lead to a significant self‐discharge process. To minimize this challenge, charge injection by grafting o‐benzenediol onto the carbon electrode is proposed through a simple electrochemical cycling technique. Due to charge injection from o‐benzenediol into the carbon electrode, the equilibrium potential of the individual electrode can be reduced. In addition, due to its small molecular size, charge distribution, which is commonly faced by bulk pseudocapacitive materials, is also avoided. The assembled supercapacitor based on the o‐benzenediol‐grafted carbon demonstrated a maximum energy density of 24 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 69 kW kg−1, with a retention of 89 % after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g−1. A low self‐discharge of about 4 h was recorded; this could be attributed to the low driving force arising from the lower equilibrium potential. Thus, the proposed technique may provide insight towards the tuning of the equilibrium potential to attain reliable, high‐performing supercapacitors with a low self‐discharge process.
Suppression of sea clutter and detection of small ship observed by an S‐band Radar
Authors: Sayama Shuji 
Published: July 2018

AbstractI have observed sea clutter including a target (small ship) using an S‐band radar with a frequency of 3.05 GHz, a beamwidth of 1.8°, a pulsewidth of 0.5 μs, and a pulse‐repetition frequency of 1600 Hz. To investigate the sea clutter amplitude statistics, I introduce the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). I have found that the sea clutter amplitudes obey the log‐normal distribution with the shape parameter of σ = 0.385 for entire data and the log‐normal,Weibull, and log‐Weibull distributions with the shape parameters of σ = 0.379‐0.505, c = 2.92‐4.81, and c = 12.33‐15.28, respectively, for data within the beam width of an antenna. The number of the smallest AIC (MAIC) of the log‐normal, Weibull, and log‐Weibull distributions to data are 3, 5, and 4, respectively, from 12 range sweep numbers. I have used the Weibull/CFAR (constant false alarm rate) circuit which is modified a Cell‐Averaging (CA) LOG/CFAR circuit. It is found that small ship is detected and sea clutter is suppressed with improvement of 24.83 dB by Weibull/CFAR.
Evaluation of the performance of Illumina's ForenSeq™ system on serially degraded samples
Authors: Zhang Qingzhen , Zhou Zhe , Liu Qiqi , Liu Liyan , Shao Liting , Zhang Minli , Ding Xiaoran , Gao Yue , Wang Shengqi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe use of next generation sequencing is increasing in the field of forensic genomics. This study assesses the performance of Illumina's MiSeq FGx System in the recovery of forensic genomic sequencing information from degraded and low‐template DNA. The analysis involved a sensitivity study where a range of 1 ng to 5 pg of 2800M DNA was utilized. DNA was artificially and systematically degraded by incubating 2800 M DNA at 98°C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 120 and 180 min (resulting in degradation index values ranging from 0.837 to 232.247). The results revealed the detected allele call frequencies were greater than 80% when the DNA input was > = 50 pg or the degradation index was lower than 72.28. The allele balance was lower than 0.6 when the samples were heated for more than 120 min or the input quantity was less than 25 pg. Our data also indicated that the stutter type and ratio depend on the specific locus, while the sequencing run was the most significant factor in noise occurrence. The results of this study will help laboratories to develop workflows for the analysis of challenging samples using the ForenSeq FGx system.
Light‐induced self‐thermophoresis of Janus spheroidal nanoparticles
Authors: Miloh Touvia , Nagler Jacob 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA theoretical framework is provided for determining the self‐thermophoretic velocity of a light irradiated spheroidal Janus nanoparticle consisting of symmetric dielectric and perfectly conducting semi‐spheroids. The analysis is based on solving the linearized Joule heating problem due to uniform laser irradiance and on explicitly determining the temperature fields inside and outside the particle. We employ the thermoelectric (Peltier‐ Seebeck) methodology to find the surface self ‐ induced temperature gradient and the related slip velocity which determines the autonomous phoretic (self ‐ propulsion) mobility of the Janus particle. Simplified explicit expressions for the self ‐ thermophoretic velocities of spheroidal (prolate and oblate) Janus particles in terms of their aspect ratios are found and few practical limiting cases (i.e., sphere, disk and needle) are also discussed.
Millisecond Dynamics of the Magnetocaloric Effect in a First‐ and Second‐Order Phase Transition Material
Authors: Döntgen Jago , Rudolph Jörg , Gottschall Tino , Gutfleisch Oliver , Hägele Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe millisecond‐dynamics of the magnetocaloric effect in Gd and La‐Fe‐Si‐Mn, which exhibit first‐ and second‐order phase‐transitions, respectively, are investigated. Direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change ΔT are obtained from modulation infrared thermometry with field‐cycling frequencies exceeding 1 kHz at amplitudes of up to 45 mT. The peak amplitude of ΔT(T) shows a dependence on sample thickness and decreases with increasing modulation frequency for both materials despite a frequency independent susceptibility of Gd. The adiabatic ΔT depends quadratically on the external field for Gd while La−Fe−Si−Mn shows a peculiar bucket‐shaped curve for temperatures below the peak maximum. A comparative study of non‐caloric samples shows that dissipative heating by eddy currents or magnetic hysteresis does not explain the observed behavior. The transient ΔT(t) instead suggests a mechanism involving strong temperature gradients at the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic boundaries and underlines the importance of further dynamical studies for a fundamental understanding of the magnetocaloric effect in first‐order materials.
Dramatic evolution of body length due to postembryonic changes in cell size in a newly discovered close relative ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Woodruff Gavin C. , Willis John H. , Phillips Patrick C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding morphological diversity—and morphological constraint—has been a central question in evolutionary biology since its inception. Nematodes of the genus Caenorhabditis, which contains the well-studied model organism C. elegans, display remarkable morphological consistency in the face of extensive genetic divergence. Here, we provide a description of the broad developmental patterns of a newly discovered species, C. sp. 34, which was isolated from fresh figs in Okinawa and which is among the closest known relatives of C. elegans. C. sp. 34 displays an extremely large body size; it can grow to be nearly twice as long as C. elegans and all other known members of the genus. Observations of the timing of developmental milestones reveal that C. sp. 34 develops about twice as slowly as C. elegans. Measurements of embryonic and larval size show that the size difference between C. sp. 34 and C. elegans is largely due to postembryonic events, particularly during the transition from larval to adult stages. This difference in size is not attributable to differences in germ line chromosome number or the number of somatic cells. The overall difference in body size is therefore largely attributable to changes in cell size via increased cytoplasmic volume. Because of its close relationship to C. elegans, the distinctness of C. sp. 34 provides an ideal system for the detailed analysis of evolutionary diversification. The context of over 40 years of C. elegans developmental genetics also reveals clues into how natural selection and developmental constraint act jointly to promote patterns of morphological stasis and divergence in this group.
Effects of ball milling treatment on physicochemical properties and digestibility of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) protein powder
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Chang Sijia , Li Yajing , Kong Liu , Wu Di , Qin Lei , Yu Cuiping , Wu Chao , Du Ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe oyster protein was ball milling treated in this work, and the effects on particle size, conformation, physicochemical properties, and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) were investigated. After ball milling treatment, the particle size obviously decreased, and the protein powder became denser and more homogeneous. The ball milling treatment could not change the primary structure of oyster protein. However, it could affect the secondary structure and physicochemical properties. The disulfide bond increased from 8.18 to 9.14 μmol/g protein, while the protein surface hydrophobicity index increased from 0.088 to 0.176. The decreasing water‐holding capacity from 390% to 226% and the increasing oil‐binding capacity from 91.2% to 189.1% were related to the alterations of conformation and physicochemical properties. Ball milling could also improve the IVPD from 54.6% to 82.4%. These results provided theoretical basis for the application of ball milling treatment in the utilization of oyster protein in the food industry.
Synthetic small RNAs: Current status, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Patel Shreya , Panchasara Happy , Braddick Darren , Gohil Nisarg , Singh Vijai 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSmall regulatory RNAs act at the levels of transcription, posttranscription, and translation, with numerous roles that include binding to protein targets, protein modification, binding to messenger RNA targets, and regulation of gene expression. We discuss the development of a number of riboregulators and riboswitches, highlighting their use in metabolic engineering and genetic control. Riboregulators and riboswitches are self‐assembled RNA molecules that can dynamically change their conformation, acting as regulatory switches that affect biological changes. They have currently been designed, characterized, and implemented in a wide range of organisms and cell types, including bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. We have identified and examined the recent advances in RNA synthetic biology, underlining the potential future development of their use and capabilities, noting how these can be ultimately expanded and improved into novel biotechnological, biomedical, and industrial applications.
Disruption of SOX6 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology for gamma‐globin reactivation: An approach towards gene therapy of β‐thalassemia
Authors: Shariati Laleh , Rohani Fattah , Heidari Hafshejani Nahid , Kouhpayeh Shirin , Boshtam Maryam , Mirian Mina , Rahimmanesh Ilnaz , Hejazi Zahra , Modarres Mehran , Pieper Ina Laura , Khanahmad Hossein 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElevation of Hemoglobin F ameliorates symptoms of β‐thalassemia, a common autosomal recessive disorder. The transcription factor SOX6 plays a key role in the γ to β‐globin gene switching. In the current investigation, a mutation was induced using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the binding domain region of SOX6 to reactivate γ‐globin expression. Three CRISPR/Cas9 cassettes were provided, whose single‐guide RNAs targeted different regions in the SOX6 gene‐binding domain. After transfection of K562 cells with CRISPR a, b and c, and subsequent erythroid differentiation, the indel percentage of the cells was about 30%, 25%, and 24%, respectively. Relative quantification showed that the γ‐globin mRNA level increased to 1.3‐, 2.1‐, and 1.1‐fold in the cells treated with CRISPR/Cas9 a, b, and c, respectively, compared with untreated cells. Our results show that mutation induction in the binding site of the SOX6 gene leads to γ‐globin reactivation. These findings support the idea that CRISPR interrupts the SOX6 binding site, and, as a result, SOX6 is incapable of binding the γ‐globin promoter. In conclusion, SOX6 disruption could be considered as a therapeutic approach for β‐thalassemia treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 was selected for this purpose as it is the most rapidly evolving technology.
Corinthian raisins (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena) antioxidant and sugar content as affected by the drying process: a 3‐year study
Authors: Panagopoulou Eirini A , Chiou Antonia , Nikolidaki Eirini K , Christea Margarita , Karathanos Vaios T 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorinthian raisins or Corinthian currants are dried grape products that account for approximately 3% of dried vine fruit production worldwide. Greece is the major Corinthian raisin producer. In this study Corinthian raisins were produced by applying two traditional drying methods, i.e. sun and shade drying. The drying process effect on the raisin phytochemical and sugar content was assessed; samples obtained over three consecutive crops were evaluated to prevail over climatic condition variations.RESULTSTotal phenolic, flavanol, and anthocyanin content were higher in Corinthian raisins dried under shade as compared with the sun‐dried ones; individual anthocyanidin‐3‐O‐glucosides were also qualitatively and quantitatively higher under shade drying in most cases. Differences were observed in Corinthian raisin phytochemical content among the crop years evaluated. The drying process applied did not discriminatively affect the sugar content of Corinthian raisin.CONCLUSIONDrying under shade was proven superior to sun drying with respect to Corinthian raisin phytochemicals and could be considered as an appealing drying method for the production of dried raisins and perhaps other dried fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Systematical characterization of physiochemical and rheological properties of thermal‐induced polymerized whey protein
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Sun Xiaomeng , Gao Feng , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Cuina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffects of pH (6–8), protein concentration (60–110, g kg−1), heating temperature (70–95 °C) and time (5–30 min) on physiochemical and rheological properties of thermal‐induced polymerized whey protein isolate (PWP) were systematically investigated. Degree of denaturation, particle size, zeta potential, free sulfhydryl group content, surface hydrophobicity and apparent viscosity were determined.RESULTSHeating whey protein above 75 °C at pH 7 or 8 resulted in denaturation of 80–90% whey protein. pH variation had a remarkable influence on particle size of samples (P < 0.05), whereas heating temperature and time did not generate significant changes. Zeta potential of PWP samples fell in the range of −30 to −40 mV. Free sulfhydryl group content of PWP samples decreased with increasing level regarding each factor. Surface hydrophobicity analysis showed that samples at higher pH or concentration became less hydrophobic, and increasing heating temperature or time resulted in higher hydrophobicity index. Time sweep test revealed that increasing protein concentration, heating temperature or time led to higher apparent viscosity. Flow behavior of PWP samples approached Newtonian character as protein concentration, heating temperature or time decreased.CONCLUSIONSystematic data may provide helpful information in designing a heating process for dairy products and application of PWP in the food industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Relation between dichroism of photoalignment azo dyes and their orientation under light wave field
Authors: Dadivanyan Artem K. , Nazarov Artem P. , Barabanova Natalya N. , Belyaev Victor V. , Gevorkyan Edward V. , Bogdanov Dmitriy L. , Borisenko Olga V. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo date, azo dyes are widely used for liquid crystal photoalignment in flat panel displays. The relation of dichroism of azo dyes with their orientation under intensive light wave field is considered. Values of a
parameter, which characterizes orientation order of both molecules and dimers, were obtained as well as energy of their orientation process. Number of cooperatively oriented dye molecules was estimated. The angles distribution functions for different dimers were derived. Dipole electrical transition moments directed on angles close to 90° to the direction of maximal polarizability of dimers were revealed.
Autostereoscopic display based on time‐multiplexed parallax barrier with adaptive time‐division
Authors: Kakeya Hideki , Hayashishita Ayuki , Ominami Masaru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an autostereoscopic display with adaptive time‐division multiplexing parallax barrier. When time‐division triplexing parallax barrier is applied in place of the conventional time‐division quadruplexing parallax barrier, the image becomes brighter without destroying stereoscopy, while the viewing zone without crosstalk is narrowed. Under this trade‐off relationship, comfortable viewing conditions are secured with an adaptive display system where time‐division quadruplexing is applied in a dark environment in which crosstalk stands out and time‐division triplexing is applied in a bright environment, which requires a brighter screen to prevail against the ambient reflection. We theoretically evaluate the viewing zone without crosstalk given by different numbers of time‐division multiplexing.
Magnetic solid‐phase extraction of pyrethroid pesticides in environmental water samples with CoFe2O4‐embedded porous graphitic carbon nanocomposites
Authors: Ma Kaixuan , Zhang Meixing , Miao Shengchao , Gu Xinyue , Li Nan , Cui Shihai , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMagnetic CoFe2O4‐embedded porous graphitic carbon nanocomposites were prepared through a facile solid‐phase thermal reaction with NaCl as a template. The material was applied in the magnetic solid‐phase extraction process coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector to detect the trace fenpropathrin, cyhalothrin, S‐fenvalerate, and bifenthrin in different water samples. The synthesis conditions of nanomaterial including glucose concentration and calcination time on extraction performance for pyrethroid pesticides have been investigated. Different magnetic solid‐phase extraction parameters have been studied, such as the nanomaterial amount, solution pH, eluent types, adsorption time, and the reusability. Under the optimum conditions, good recoveries (80.2–110.9%) were achieved with relative standard deviations of 0.2–5.8%. There are probably hydrophobic interactions and dipole–dipole attractions between nanocomposites and the analytes.
Black Raspberry Seed Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism by Inhibiting Lipogenesis and Promoting Fatty‐Acid Oxidation in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice and db/db Mice
Authors: Lee Hee Jae , Jung Hana , Cho Hyunnho , Lee Kiuk , Hwang Keum Taek 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the beneficial effect of α‐linolenic acid‐rich black raspberry seed (BRS) oil on lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese and db/db mice. Five‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice were fed diets consisting of 50% calories from lard, 5% from soybean, and 5% from corn oil (HFD), or 50% calories from lard and 10% from BRS oil (HFD + BRS oil diet) for 12 weeks. Six‐week‐old C57BL/KsJ‐db/db mice were fed diets consisting of 16% calories from soybean oil (standard diet), 8% from soybean, and 8% from BRS oil, or 16% from BRS oil for 10 weeks. The BRS oil diets lowered the levels of triacylglycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, and total cholesterol in serum and liver of both of the obese and db/db mice as compared with the HFD and standard diet, respectively. mRNA levels of lipogenesis markers including cluster of differentiation 36, fatty‐acid‐binding protein 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c, fatty‐acid synthase, and solute carrier family 25 member 1 in the liver of the BRS oil groups were lower than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. On the other hand, fatty‐acid oxidation markers including carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, hydroxylacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase α, and acyl‐CoA oxidase in the liver of the BRS oil groups were higher than those in the liver of the HFD and standard groups in the obese and db/db mice, respectively. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α mRNA and protein levels increased in the liver and epididymal adipose tissue of the obese and db/db mice fed BRS oil compared with HFD and standard diet, respectively. BRS oil might improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting fatty‐acid oxidation in HFD‐induced obese and db/db mice.
Development, commissioning, and evaluation of a new intensity modulated minibeam proton therapy system
Authors: Farr J. B. , Moskvin V. , Lukose R. C. , Tuomanen S. , Tsiamas P. , Yao W. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeTo invent, design, construct, and commission an intensity modulated minibeam proton therapy system (IMMPT) without the need for physical collimation and to compare its resulting conformity to a conventional IMPT system.MethodsA proton therapy system (Hitachi, Ltd, Hitachi City, Japan; Model: Probeat‐V) was specially modified to produce scanned minibeams without collimation. We performed integral depth dose acquisitions and calibrations using a large diameter parallel‐plate ionization chamber in a scanning water phantom (PTW, Freiburg, Germany; Models: Bragg Peak ionization chamber, MP3‐P). Spot size and shape was measured using radiochromic film (Ashland Advanced Materials, Bridgewater NJ; Type: EBT3), and a synthetic diamond diode type scanned point by point in air (PTW Models: MicroDiamond, MP3‐P). The measured data were used as inputs to generate a Monte Carlo‐based model for a commercial radiotherapy planning system (TPS) (Varian Medical Systems, Inc., Palo Alto, CA; Model: Eclipse v13.7.15). The regular ProBeat‐V system (sigma ~2.5 mm) TPS model was available for comparison. A simulated base of skull case with small and medium targets proximal to brainstem was planned for both systems and compared.ResultsThe spot sigma is determined to be 1.4 mm at 221 MeV at the isocenter and below 1 mm at proximal distances. Integral depth doses were indistinguishable from the standard spot commissioning data. The TPS fit the spot profiles closely, giving a residual error maximum of 2.5% in the spot penumbra tails (below 5% of maximum) from the commissioned energies 69.4 to 221.3 MeV. The resulting IMMPT plans were more conformal than the IMPT plans due to a sharper dose gradient (90‐10%) 1.5 mm smaller for the small target, and 1.3 mm for the large target, at a representative central axial water equivalent depth of 7 cm.ConclusionsWe developed, implemented, and tested a new IMMPT system. The initial results look promising in cases where treatments can benefit from additional dose sparing to neighboring sensitive structures.
Analysis of the immersed boundary method for a finite element Stokes problem
Authors: Saito Norikazu , Sugitani Yoshiki 
Published: July 2018

Convergence results are presented for the immersed boundary (IB) method applied to a model Stokes problem. As a discretization method, we use the finite element method. First, the immersed force field is approximated using a regularized delta function. Its error in the W−1, p norm is examined for 1 ≤ p < n/(n − 1), with n representing the space dimension. Subsequently, we consider IB discretization of the Stokes problem and examine the regularization and discretization errors separately. Consequently, error estimate of order h1 − α in the W1, 1 × L1 norm for the velocity and pressure is derived, where α is an arbitrary small positive number. The validity of those theoretical results is confirmed from numerical examples.