bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ein evolutionärer Ansatz für aufgabenspezifische MobileNet-Topologien
Authors: Mitschke Norbert , Heizmann Michael , Noffz Klaus-Henning 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Infolge sinkender Hardwarepreise und der zunehmenden Automatisierung wird maschinelles Lernen für industrielle Anwendungen wie klassische Sichtprüfungsaufgaben immer interessanter. In diesem Artikel wird ein metaheuristischer Ansatz für die Suche nach einer allgemeinen MobileNet-Topologie nach Howard et al. [7] vorgestellt, der auf differentieller Evolution beruht. Dieser ist in der Lage, anhand eines gegebenen Datensatzes und ohne zusätzliches Vorwissen einen geeigneten Klassifikator zu entwerfen. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Wahl einer geeigneten Fitnessfunktion der Ressourcenbedarf der Inferenz begrenzt. Für typische industrielle Datensätze können neuronale Netze mit Genauigkeiten von über

99

%

99\hspace{0.1667em}\%

gefunden werden, während die Rechendauer dafür relativ kurz bleibt.
Slow NMDA-Mediated Excitation Accelerates Offset-Response Latencies Generated via a Post-Inhibitory Rebound Mechanism
Authors: Rajaram Ezhilarasan , Kaltenbach Carina , Fischl Matthew J. , Mrowka Leander , Alexandrova Olga , Grothe Benedikt , Hennig Matthias H. , Kopp-Scheinpflug Conny 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn neural circuits, action potentials (spikes) are conventionally caused by excitatory inputs whereas inhibitory inputs reduce or modulate neuronal excitability. We previously showed that neurons in the superior paraolivary nucleus (SPN) require solely synaptic inhibition to generate their hallmark offset response, a burst of spikes at the end of a sound stimulus, via a post-inhibitory rebound mechanism. In addition SPN neurons receive excitatory inputs, but their functional significance is not yet known. Here we used mice of both sexes to demonstrate that in SPN neurons, the classical roles for excitation and inhibition are switched, with inhibitory inputs driving spike firing and excitatory inputs modulating this response. Hodgkin–Huxley modeling suggests that a slow, NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated excitation would accelerate the offset response. We find corroborating evidence fromin vitroandin vivorecordings that lack of excitation prolonged offset-response latencies and rendered them more variable to changing sound intensity levels. Our results reveal an unsuspected function for slow excitation in improving the timing of post-inhibitory rebound firing even when the firing itself does not depend on excitation. This shows the auditory system employs highly specialized mechanisms to encode timing-sensitive features of sound offsets which are crucial for sound-duration encoding and have profound biological importance for encoding the temporal structure of speech.
How to run a specialist valve clinic: a collaborative series from the British Heart Valve Society and the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Chambers John B. , Steeds Richard P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As heart valve disease increases in prevalence in an ageing population, comorbidities make patients increasingly hard to assess. Specialist competencies are therefore increasingly important to deliver best practice in a specialist valve clinic and to make best advantage of advances in percutaneous and surgical interventions. However, patient care is not improved unless all disciplines have specialist valve competencies, and there is little guidance about the practical details of running a specialist valve clinic. In this issue of Echo Research and Practice, the British Heart Valve Society (BHVS) and the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) introduce a series of articles to guide all disciplines in how to run a valve clinic.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Yield Component Traits in Intermediate Wheatgrass and Implications in Genomic Selection and Breeding
Authors: Bajgain Prabin , Zhang Xiaofei , Anderson James A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, IWG) is a perennial grain crop with high biomass and grain yield, long seeds, and resistance to pests and diseases. It also reduces soil erosion, nitrate and mineral leaching into underground water tables, and sequesters carbon in its roots. The domestication timeline of IWG as a grain crop spans only 3 decades, hence it lags annual grain crops in yield and seed characteristics. One approach to improve its agronomic traits is by using molecular markers to uncover marker-trait associations. In this study, we performed association mapping on IWG breeding germplasm from the third recurrent selection cycle at the University of Minnesota. The IWG population was phenotyped in St Paul, MN in 2017 and 2018, and in Crookston, MN in 2018 for grain yield, seed length, width and weight, spike length and weight, and number of spikelets per spike. Strong positive correlations were observed among most trait pairs, with correlations as high as 0.76. Genotyping using high throughput sequencing identified 8,899 high-quality genome-wide SNPs which were combined with phenotypic data in association mapping to discover regions associated with the yield component traits. We detected 154 genetic loci associated with these traits of which 19 were shared between at least two traits. Prediction of breeding values using significant loci as fixed effects in genomic selection model improved predictive abilities by up to 14%. Genetic mapping of agronomic traits followed by using genomic selection to predict breeding values can assist breeders in selecting superior genotypes to accelerate IWG domestication.
Quantifying GC-Biased Gene Conversion in Great Ape Genomes Using Polymorphism-Aware Models
Authors: Borges Rui , Szöllősi Gergely J , Kosiol Carolin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
As multi-individual population-scale data become available, more complex modeling strategies are needed to quantify genome-wide patterns of nucleotide usage and associated mechanisms of evolution. Recently, the multivariate neutral Moran model was proposed. However, it was shown insufficient to explain the distribution of alleles in great apes. Here, we propose a new model that includes allelic selection. Our theoretical results constitute the basis of a new Bayesian framework to estimate mutation rates and selection coefficients from population data. We apply the new framework to a great ape dataset, where we found patterns of allelic selection that match those of genome-wide GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). In particular, we show that great apes have patterns of allelic selection that vary in intensity—a feature that we correlated with great apes’ distinct demographies. We also demonstrate that the AT/GC toggling effect decreases the probability of a substitution, promoting more polymorphisms in the base composition of great ape genomes. We further assess the impact of GC-bias in molecular analysis, and find that mutation rates and genetic distances are estimated under bias when gBGC is not properly accounted for. Our results contribute to the discussion on the tempo and mode of gBGC evolution, while stressing the need for gBGC-aware models in population genetics and phylogenetics.
Pain Sensitization, Breastfeeding Effectiveness, and Parental Preferences by Antibiotic Route in Suspected Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Patel Lina , Lin James A. , Guo Rong , Kulkarni Deepa 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) antibiotics have comparable efficacy in treating neonates undergoing sepsis evaluations. There are no clinical data favoring the use of either route regarding newborn pain and parental preferences. We hypothesized that pain associated with IM injections would worsen breastfeeding effectiveness and decrease parental satisfaction, making IV catheters the preferred route.

METHODS:
This prospective cohort study took place in an academic institution with nurseries in 2 separate hospitals, 1 providing IV antibiotics, and the other, IM antibiotics. Newborns receiving 48 hours of antibiotics were compared by using objective pain and breastfeeding scores and parental surveys.

RESULTS:
In 185 newborns studied, pain scores on a 7-point scale were up to 3.4 points higher in the IM compared with the IV group (P &lt; .001). Slopes of repeated pain scores were 0.42 ± 0.08 and −0.01 ± 0.11 in the IM and IV groups, respectively (P = .002). Breastfeeding scores were similar between groups. Parents in the IV group were less likely to perceive discomfort with antibiotic administration (odds ratio [OR] 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06–0.74) but more likely to perceive interference with breastfeeding (OR 26; 95% CI 6.4–108) and bonding (OR 101; 95% CI 17–590) and more likely to prefer changing to the alternate route (OR 6.9; 95% CI 2.3–20).

CONCLUSIONS:
IM antibiotics in newborns are associated with pain sensitization and greater pain than IV dosing. Despite accurately recognizing newborn pain with the IM route, parents preferred this to the IV route, which was perceived to interfere with breastfeeding and bonding.
Factors Influencing Use of Continuous Physiologic Monitors for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Jenkins Ashley M. , Allison Brittany , Timmons Kristen M. , Loechtenfeldt Allison M. , Pope-Smyth Sally T. , Vaughn Lisa M. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:Continuous physiologic monitors (CPMs) generate frequent alarms and are used for up to 50% of children who are hospitalized outside of the ICU. Our objective was to assess factors that influence the decision to use CPMs.METHODS:In this qualitative study, we used group-level assessment, a structured method designed to engage diverse stakeholder groups. We recruited clinicians and other staff who work on a 48-bed hospital medicine unit at a freestanding children’s hospital. We developed a list of open-ended prompts used to address CPM use on inpatient units. Demographic data were collected from each participant. We conducted 6 sessions to permit maximum participation among all groups, and themes from all sessions were merged and distilled.RESULTS:Participants (n = 78) included nurses (37%), attending physicians (17%), pediatric residents (32%), and unit staff (eg, unit coordinator; 14%). Participants identified several themes. First, there are patient factors (eg, complexity and instability) for which CPMs are useful. Second, participants perceived that alarms have negative effects on families (eg, anxiety and sleep deprivation). Third, CPMs are often used as surrogates for clinical assessments. Fourth, CPM alarms cause anxiety and fatigue for frontline staff. Fifth, the decision to use CPMs should be, but is not often, a team decision. Sixth, and finally, there are issues related to the monitor system’s setup that reduces its utility.CONCLUSIONS:Hospital medicine staff identified patient-, staff-, and system-level factors relevant to CPM use for children who were hospitalized. These data will inform the development of system-level interventions to improve CPM use and address high alarm rates.
Evaluation of sexual dimorphism of histochemical activity of phosphatases of the plantar glands of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Kiladze A. B. , Dzhemukhadze N. K. 
Published: May 2019

The activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in the eccrine and sebaceous glands of the skin of the soles of the paws of male and female Norway rats was studied by histochemiсal methods. Using the methods of qualimetric analysis, we presented a digitalized form of the enzyme activity, which made it possible to calculate sexual dimorphism indices, reflecting quantitative differences in the enzymatic activity of the skin glands in males and females of Norway rats. For acid phosphatase activity, the sexual dimorphism index was equal to 0.50 in the eccrine glands and equal to 0.33 in the sebaceous glands. For alkaline phosphatase activity, values of sexual dimorphism indices were equal to –0.25 and 0.33 correspondingly, and for adenosine triphosphatase values of sexual dimorphism indices were equal to –0.33 and 0.50. Digital analogues of the histoenzymatic activity of the skin glands were presented as coordinates in three-dimensional space. Using the methods of analytical geometry, we calculated the values of intersexual distances (1.73 for eccrine glands and 1.73 for sebaceous glands), reflecting the cumulative differences in the activity of three types of phosphatases, which can be considered as an integral indicator of sexual dimorphism. Histochemical activity entropy is significant in the eccrine glands. Male entropy value (0.842 bit) was less than female entropy value (0.915 bit), because total actual activity of the males’ phosphatases was greater (220% of 300%) than total actual activity of the females’ phosphatases (200% of 300%). High entropy level of phosphatase activity was typical for male sebaceous glands (0.998 bit), where the general level of enzymatic activity was significantly reduced (160% of 300%). Because of the highest total actual phosphatase activity of female sebaceous glands (220% of 300%), entropy value was the lowest (0.842 bit). The obtained results show not only sexual dimorphism by histochemical parameters but show different communicational levels of male and female Norway rats, taking into account the important role of the plantar glands as sources of chemical signals determining the character of marking behaviour.
Characteristics of BRAF
V600E Mutant, Deficient Mismatch Repair/Proficient Mismatch Repair, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Series of 287 Patients
Authors: Fouchardière Christelle , Cohen Romain , Malka David , Guimbaud Rosine , Bourien Héloïse , Lièvre Astrid , Cacheux Wulfran , Artru Pascal , François Eric , Gilabert Marine , Samalin-Scalzi Emmanuelle , Zaanan Aziz , Hautefeuille Vincent , Rousseau Benoit , Senellart Hélène , Coriat Romain , Flippot Ronan , Desseigne Françoise , Lardy-Cleaud Audrey , Tougeron David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
BRAF V600E mutations occurring in about 10% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) are usually associated with a poor outcome. However, their prognostic factors are unknown.

Materials and Methods
We built a multicenter clinico-biological database gathering data from patients with BRAFV600E-mutant mCRC treated in one of the 16 French centers from 2006 to 2017. The primary endpoint was to identify prognostic factors using a Cox model.

Results
We included 287 patients (median age, 67 years [28–95]; female, 57%). Their median overall survival was 20.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.97–27.04), and median progression-free survival in the first-line setting was 4.34 months (95% CI, 3.81–5.03). Chemotherapy regimen and biological agents (antiangiogenic or anti-epidermal growth factor receptor) were not associated with overall and progression-free survival. Stage IV disease (synchronous metastases) and absence of curative-intent surgery were statistically associated with poor overall survival. Among the 194 patients with mismatch repair (MMR) status available, overall survival was significantly longer in patients with deficient MMR tumors compared with those with proficient MMR tumors (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.56; p = .009).

Conclusion
Despite that BRAFV600E-mutant mCRCs are associated with poor overall and progression-free-survival, patients with deficient MMR tumors and/or resectable disease experienced a longer survival. These results highlight the importance of MMR testing and resectability discussion in patients with BRAFV600E mCRC in day-to-day practice.

Implications for Practice
Mismatch repair (MMR) testing and resectability discussion in patients with BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) should be performed in day-to-day practice to steer treatment decision making in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant mCRC.
Public services and digital technologies: legal registration in constitutional law
Authors: Voronyuk E. P. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the article is to identify the role and place of digital technologies in public services. Considering the content and importance of the constitutional and legal regulation of public services using digital technologies in the context of the implementation of the constitutionally enshrined social statehood of Russia, the author draws the following conclusion: the objective of the modern State is to fully ensure enforcement of the needs of citizens and the provision of public services using digital technologies.The analysis of doctrinal approaches and normative consolidation of information and technological organization of interaction between citizens and public authorities showed that the innovative way of digital technologies has been chosen and normatively consolidated in modern Russia as the basis for economic development — the basis of Social Statehood. This requires scientific understanding and development of mechanisms for its implementation in social issues in the legal context.Also, the author gives a brief overview of the main risks of introduction of digital technologies in Russian constitutional law at the present stage of development. The paper reveals topical issues in heoretical and practical contexts; the author suggests the ways how they can be resolved.
Ethnocultural training as a factor in preventing ethnic alienation of a personality
Authors: Stepanova A. A. , Symaniuk E. E. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. In the modern world, the expansion of cross-cultural and international contacts, which are not necessarily positive and constructive, is a natural consequence of activisation of territorial and labour mobility of the population. The difficulty of adaptation of migrants to new living conditions belongs to the main causes of tension in interethnic relationship between indigenous peoples and migrants. The process of acculturation of migrants is accompanied by their desire to isolate themselves, which is perceived as a threat by the indigenous population of the country. Relevant scientific problem is the adaptation of migrants to unfamiliar socio-cultural environment without threatening the values of their own ethnic group.The aim of this research was to present the results of approbation of ethnocultural training for the prevention of ethnic alienation and the formation of biethnic identity.Methodology and research methods. The present research was based on the concept of “alienation-identity”. In the course of the ascertaining stage of diagnosis of migrants (n = 410), a set of methods of cross-cultural and ethnic psychology was used. The obtained results were processed through mathematical and statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient. A specially designed training for examinees with high rates on the scale of “alienation” (n=15) was developed and conducted. The results of the control stage of diagnosis were processed through mathematical and statistical procedures using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.Results and scientific novelty. The main characteristics of ethnic alienation are defined: social disadaptation, depression and disharmony of a personality, nostalgia for native culture, individualism, identification with native ethnos. It is revealed that ethnocultural training contributes to the successful adaptation of migrants: personal development, instruction on the accepted standard of behaviour in a multicultural society and acquisition of intercultural communicative competence allow migrants to adapt to a new environment and to feel more confident and comfortable.Practical significance. The proposed methodological tool can be employed by experts, who implement the state programme on the migrants’ adaptation. Moreover, the methodological toolkit can be useful for representatives of social services, workers of information and adaptation centres and staff of other organisations working on migration issues.
Empresas e infância no Brasil: a responsabilidade das corporações em coibir a exploração do trabalho infantil
Authors: Atchabahian Ana Cláudia Ruy Cardia , Magnani Hiromoto Carolina 
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar criticamente as ações do Estado brasileiro para garantir a efetiva interpretação das normas de proteção às crianças e aos adolescentes diante de casos envolvendo a violação de direitos humanos praticados pelas empresas nacionais e internacionais que aqui atuam. A análise ocorre levando em consideração o panorama histórico do desenvolvimento da Teoria da Proteção Integral de crianças e adolescentes, bem como a evolução do arcabouço normativo de proteção da infanto-adolescência no contexto dos Direitos Humanos e Empresas. Por fim, são propostas possíveis soluções aos intérpretes de tais normas para garantir a efetiva responsabilização das empresas que as desrespeitarem. Será utilizado o método indutivo para o alcance das principais conclusões.
Public Private Partnership Operational Model – A Conceptual Study on Implementing Scientific-Evidence-Based Integrated Risk Management at Regional Level
Authors: Lee Yanling , Watanabe Kenji , Li Wei-Sen ,   APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center & National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction 9F, No.200, Sec.3, Beixin Rd., Xindian District, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan,   Nagoya Institute of Technology, Aichi, Japan
Published: May 2019

The 2004 South-East Asia earthquake and tsunami as well as the 2011	Great East Japan Earthquakes and tsunamis caused the greatest economic	losses and challenged the continuity of business operations across the	continents. Thereafter, regions most at risk when the 2016 Kaohsiung	earthquake shook an electronics hub in Southern Taiwan, where lies at the	heart of Apple’s supply chain. The large-scale disasters demonstrate the	fragility of supply chains and the importance of enhancing disaster	resilience through innovative technology and keen collaboration on	information sharing/dissemination, resources allocations and risks	communication/awareness across borders. With review of the global and	regional lessons learn from the large-scale disasters, the increasing	threats from devastating earthquakes and extreme weather call for the	actions to enhance economic security. Base on the practical experience of	DRR project implementations in decades, APEC identifies several key factors	to promote disaster resilience in business sectors while the Sendai	Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) declared to promote the	disaster risk governance and encourages innovation, science and technology	DRR approaches on raising the risk awareness and level of preparedness. At	regional level of disaster risk management, empowering the cross-cutting	collaborations on science and technology as well as enabling the	inter-disciplinary information intelligence platform for communications are	keys to resilient society and human well-being. This paper aims to identify	conceptual model for enhancing regional resilience and connectivity through	public-private partnership. The country-level case studies and comprehensive	regional reviews for promoting inclusive and disaster resilient development	will be cover.