bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults and Children Engage in Subtle and Fine‐Grained Action Interpretation and Evaluation in Moral Dilemmas
Authors: Blomberg Isa , Schünemann Britta , Proft Marina , Rakoczy Hannes 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the actions of others is fundamental for human social life. It builds on a grasp of the subjective intentionality behind behavior: one action comprises different things simultaneously (e.g., moving their arm, turning on the light) but which of these constitute intentional actions, in contrast to merely foreseen side‐effects (e.g., increasing the electricity bill), depends on the description under which the agent represents the acts. She may be acting intentionally only under the description “turning on the light,” but did not turn on the light in order to increase the electricity bill. In preregistered studies (N = 620), we asked how adults and children engage in such complex subjective action interpretation and evaluation in moral dilemmas. To capture the deep structure of subjects' representations of the intentional structures of actions, we derived “act trees” from their response patterns to questions about the acts. Results suggest that people systematically distinguish between intended main and merely foreseen side‐effects in their moral and intentionality judgments, even when main and side‐effects were closely related and the latter were harmful. Additional experimental conditions suggest that, when given ambiguous information, the majority of subjects assume that agents act with beneficial main intentions. This “good intention prior” was so strong that participants attributed good intentions even when the harmful action was no longer necessary to resolve the dilemma (Study 2). These methods provide promising new ways to investigate in more subtle and fine‐grained ways how reasoners parse, interpret, and evaluate complex actions.
Ergotamine Targets KIF5A to Facilitate Anoikis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bao Bin , Yu Xiaojun , Zheng Wujun , Sun Jiewei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundKinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) has been reported to be closely related to cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of KIF5A on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its potential molecular mechanisms.MethodsUsing bioinformatics analysis methods and molecular experiments, the expression of KIF5A in LUAD was analyzed, with its expression in attached and detached tumor cells assessed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of KIF5A was carried out. The small molecular drug with the highest affinity for KIF5A was screened out through molecular docking experiments, which was validated through cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to measure the expression levels of anoikis‐repressing genes (BCL2, CAV1), as well as anoikis‐inducing gene (PDCD4). CCK‐8 assay was applied to examine cell viability. Cell colony formation experiments were utilized to evaluate cell proliferation ability.ResultsWe observed that KIF5A was highly upregulated in LUAD tissues and cells, with a higher level detected in detached LUAD cells. By resorting to bioinformatics analysis, we discovered that KIF5A was abundant in the anoikis pathway. Knocking down KIF5A reinforced anoikis in LUAD. Further screening identified Ergotamine as the small molecular drug with the highest affinity for KIF5A. The CETSA confirmed the binding relationship between the two. In addition, Ergotamine has a promoting effect on the anoikis of LUAD, while overexpression of KIF5A reversed the effects of Ergotamine on LUAD cells.ConclusionThis project uncovered that the small molecular drug Ergotamine targets and inhibits the expression of KIF5A. Downregulated KIF5A can enhance the anoikis of LUAD. Our results supported the inhibition of KIF5A as an attractive therapeutic strategy for LUAD. This finding provides a new innovative pathway for the treatment of LUAD and offers a strong theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic drugs targeting KIF5A.
Beyond Borders: International Immunosuppression Practices in Pediatric Lung Transplantation
Authors: Wong Erica , Brockmeyer Jake , Benden Christian , Avdimiretz Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCurrent recommendations for lung transplantation immunosuppression do not explicitly target children, and many pharmacotherapies used in pediatrics are extrapolated from adults.MethodsData were collected from an anonymous survey distributed to International Pediatric Lung Transplant Collaborative (IPLTC) members from November 2023 to February 2024. Eligible participants included pediatric lung transplant physicians, pharmacists, or others with expertise in their lung transplant center's protocols. Participant and program demographics were surveyed, including location and transplant volume. Seventeen multiple‐choice questions, text responses, and Likert scale statements covered the following: induction immunosuppression, maintenance immunosuppression, drug monitoring, dose optimization, and expert guidance available in current literature.ResultsAmong the 23 pediatric lung transplant healthcare professionals who responded, 13 respondents (57%) preferred using basiliximab as their standard induction immunosuppression. 3 (13%) prefer rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (rATG), while 7 (30%) consider either rATG or basiliximab for induction. Of 22 responses with 100% completion, 21 of 22 (95.2%) respondents reported a combination of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and corticosteroids (CCS) as their preferred maintenance immunosuppression regimen, reflecting the suggested preferred regimen for pediatric lung transplantation. Feedback on the perception of available evidence‐based or established guidelines revealed the majority (90.0%) of respondents found them to be insufficient for pediatrics.ConclusionThis international survey highlights the variability in immunosuppression practices across pediatric lung transplant programs around the world. The findings underscore a gap in unified, evidence‐based practice guidelines. With strong consensus among respondents on the lack of established guidelines, there is a clear directive for future research to establish standardized practices in pediatric lung transplantation.
Evaluation of skin cancer screening in Germany – a Microsimulation
Authors: Baltus Hannah , Hübner Joachim , Garbe Claudia , Hagenström Kristina , Rohr Maren , Hischke Sandra , Augustin Jobst , Augustin Matthias , Katalinic Alexander , Eisemann Nora 
Published: November 2024

SummaryBackgroundComprehensive skin cancer screening was introduced in Germany in 2008. It is unclear whether subsequently observed changes in the epidemiology of malignant melanoma (MM), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are due to the screening. Simulation models are used to compare different screening scenarios with each other and with observed incidence and mortality trends.MethodsA microsimulation model for MM, SCC, and BCC was programmed and validated separately by sex on skin cancer‐specific mortality data. In addition to the currently practiced screening (biennial offer, annual participation probability 15%), triennial screening, screening with increased participation, e.g., via invitation, and no screening were simulated. Incidence, mortality, costs, and life‐years gained were simulated for 30 years from the start of screening.ResultsCompared with no screening, mortality is reduced by 13.8% in the simulation with current conditions. This effect occurs in the first years after screening starts before reaching a stable level. More screening allows for further increases in incidence, life‐years gained, and costs and decreases in mortality. Comparing simulated and observed effects shows little agreement.ConclusionsThe model is useful for comparing screening scenarios to identify potential optimization opportunities in SCS. Additional, especially risk‐adapted, screening scenarios should be investigated.
Genetic and Habitat Rescue Improve Population Viability in Self‐Incompatible Plants
Authors: Encinas‐Viso Francisco , Thrall Peter H. , Young Andrew G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHabitat fragmentation and the acceleration of environmental change threaten the survival of many plant species. The problem is especially pronounced for plant species with self‐incompatibility mating systems, which are obligate outcrossers, thus requiring high mate availability to persist. In such situations, plant populations suffering decreased fitness could be rescued by: (a) improving local habitat conditions (habitat rescue), (b) increasing the number of individuals (demographic rescue), or (c) introducing new genetic variation (genetic rescue). In this study, we used a spatially and genetically explicit individual‐based model to approximate the demography of a small (N = 250) isolated self‐incompatible population using a timescale of 500 years. Using this model, we quantified the effectiveness of the different types of rescues described above, singly and in combination. Our results show that individual genetic rescue is the most effective type of rescue with respect to improving fitness and population viability. However, we found that introducing a high number of individuals (N > 30) to a small population (N = 50) at the brink of extinction through demographic rescue can also have a positive effect on viability, improving average fitness by 55% compared to introducing a low number of individuals (N = 10) over a long timescale (> 500 years). By itself, habitat rescue showed the lowest effects on viability. However, combining genetic and habitat rescue provided the best results overall, increasing both persistence (> 30%) and mate availability (> 50%). Interestingly, we found that the addition of even a small number of new S alleles (20%) can be highly beneficial to increase mate availability and persistence. We conclude that genetic rescue through the introduction of new S alleles and an increase in habitat suitability is the best management strategy to improve mate availability and population viability of small isolated SI plant populations to overcome the effects of demographic stochasticity and positive density dependence.
MeDi‐TODER: Medical Domain‐Incremental Task‐Oriented Dialogue Generator Using Experience Replay
Authors: Kim Minji , Yoo Joon , Jeong OkRan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought groundbreaking changes to the healthcare domain. Specifically, the integration of a medical dialogue system (MDS) has facilitated interactions with patients, identifying meaningful information such as symptoms and medications from their dialogue history to generate appropriate responses. However, shortcomings arise when MDS lacks access to the patient's cumulative history or prior domain knowledge, resulting in the generation of inaccurate responses. To address this challenge, we propose a medical domain‐incremental task‐oriented dialogue generator using experience replay (MeDi‐TODER) that applies the continual learning technique to the medical task‐oriented dialogue generator. By strategically sampling and storing exemplars from previous domains and rehearsing it as it learns, the model effectively retains knowledge and can respond to the novel domains. Extensive experiments demonstrated that MeDi‐TODER significantly outperforms other models that lack continual learning in both natural language generation and natural language understanding. Notably, our proposed method achieves the highest scores, surpassing the upper‐class benchmarks.
Dynamic Stakeholder Analysis Through Process Mapping
Authors: Rouse Paul , Sherkat Omid , O'Grady Winnie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIdentification of stakeholders and their importance is critical to the design of accountability and performance management systems. Conventional stakeholder analysis approaches provide a static view of stakeholders and overlook that accountability is a dynamic process encompassing multiple temporally separated (or distinct) stages. We approach stakeholder analysis from a process perspective to ensure a more complete identification of stakeholders and to capture the dynamic nature of stakeholder emergence, retirement, and changes in relative importance. We used a participatory action research methodology to investigate contracting services in a community health setting and employed process mapping to reveal contracting activities undertaken in sequential stages of Deming's Plan–Do–Check–Act (PDCA) cycle. Stakeholders engage at different stages with different activities of a process so that in multi‐stage processes, stakeholder analysis needs to be repeated at each stage and is specific to each stage. Our use of the PDCA is broader than traditional applications and provides a suitable framework for a more complete identification of stakeholders across the entire process while aligning well with accountability and management control notions. The contribution is an approach that not only better identifies stakeholders but also recognizes the dynamics of multi‐stage processes for stakeholder interest and influence. The recurring nature of many processes (such as contracting) implies that roles remain the same even if an organization is restructured so that process mapping will still identify roles and stakeholders. This approach can be used by other organizations to better identify stakeholders and their dynamics in the planning and delivery processes.
The synergy between alkylating agents and ERCC1–XPF inhibitors is p53 dependent
Authors: Ciniero Gloria , Pedro Tiago Marques , Dumontet Charles , Elmenoufy Ahmed H. , West Frederick G. , Weinfeld Michael , Gentile Francesco , Tuszynski Jack A. , Cros‐Perrial Emeline , Jordheim Lars Petter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundDNA repair plays a major role in maintaining genomic stability, thus limiting the transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. However, in cancer patients treated with DNA‐targeting drugs, DNA repair can decrease efficacy by removing the damage generated by such molecules that is needed to induce pharmacological activity. Inhibiting DNA repair thus represents an interesting approach to potentiating the activity of chemotherapy in this setting.ObjectivesHere, we continue the characterization of an inhibitor of the interaction between Excision Repair Cross‐Complementing Rrodent repair deficiency complementation group 1 (ERCC1) and Xeroderma Pigmentousum group F (XPF) (B9), two key proteins of nucleotide excision repair.MethodsWe used various cell lines and co‐incubation studies for the determination of cell survival and DNA repair capacities.ResultsWe show that it is synergistic with other platinum derivatives than previously described, and that synergy is lacking in cells not expressing ERCC1 or XPF. Finally, a series of experiments show that potentiation is observed only in cells expressing wild‐type p53.ConclusionOur results confirm the mechanism of action of our ERCC1–XPF inhibitor and give important additional data on this approach to enhance the activity of already existing cancer drugs.
Structure of human phospholipase D3, a single‐strand exonuclease associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Bijelic Aleksandar , Macheroux Peter 
Published: November 2024

Phospholipase D3 (PLD3) has emerged as an important 5′‐exonuclease in charge of removing single‐stranded DNA in lysosomes. Rare genetic variants of the gene encoding PLD3 have been implicated in late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ishii et al. have produced the soluble domain of human PLD3 with the aim of determining its three‐dimensional structure using X‐ray crystallography. The high‐resolution structure (2.3 Å) provides new insights into the biochemical properties of the enzyme and paves the way to a deeper understanding of amino acid replacements affecting the stability and activity of the enzyme.
Association of PADI4 Gene Polymorphisms With Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evidence From 24 Case–Control Studies
Authors: Karimian Mohammad , Mohammadzadeh Fatemeh Zahra 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to investigate the association of rs11203366, rs11203367, rs874881, rs2240340 and rs1748033 polymorphisms of protein‐arginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) gene with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a meta‐analysis that was followed with a bioinformatics approach. The data were collected from reputable articles and underwent quantitative analysis, followed by in silico analysis using some bioinformatics tools. The results showed that rs874881 polymorphism in Latino (G vs. C: OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.11–1.65, p = 0.003; GG + CG vs. CC: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.41–2.89, p = 0.0001; CG vs. CC + GG: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.04–1.83, p = 0.027; GG vs. CC: OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.35–3.23, p = 0.001; CG vs. CC: OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.36–2.87, p = 0.00033) and rs1748033 in Caucasian population (T vs. C: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07–1.45, p = 0.005; TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.09–1.64, p = 0.005, TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.09–1.44, p = 0.001; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.13–2.23, p = 0.007; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.04–1.39, p = 0.015) are associated with increased risk of RA. Moreover, rs11203366 (G vs. A: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.19–1.78, p = 0.0002, GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.01–2.01, p = 0.043; GG + AG vs. AA: OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.45–2.86, p = 0.00004; GG vs. AA: OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.49–3.51, p = 0.0002; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.35–2.76, p = 0.0003) and rs11203367 (T vs. C: OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.23–1.83, p = 0.00007; TT vs. CT + CC: OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.12–2.18, p = 0.009; TT + CT vs. CC: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.43–2.84, p = 0.00007, TT vs. CC: OR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.59–3.71, p = 0.0004; CT vs. CC: OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.30–2.68, p = 0.0007) had an impact in the Latino population. Bioinformatics tools showed the effect of these polymorphisms on gene function. These findings suggest that rs11203366, rs11203367, rs874881 and rs1748033 polymorphisms may be genetic risk factors for RA. Moreover, differences between populations suggest that ethnicity may play an important role in the effect of these polymorphisms on RA risk.
The journey of young scientists in Brazil: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Corsi‐Zuelli Fabiana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs a young scientist in Brazil, my journey began with a modest education in a public school system that often lacked the resources needed to provide students with comprehensive support. However, with persistence and determination, I successfully gained admission to the University of São Paulo, a prestigious institution and one of the top universities in Latin America. My research focuses on the relationship between the nervous and immune systems in psychosis, a topic I am deeply passionate about. In this piece, I will discuss the systemic issues within the Brazilian education and research systems and delve deeper into my own challenges and achievements as a young scientist in Brazil, sharing insights that can inspire others in similar situations.
Unpacking reflexivity, psychological empowerment, and agile project dynamics among information systems professionals
Authors: Hekkala Riitta , Nordbäck Emma 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the reflexivity modes of information systems (IS) professionals and integrate the IS context—including structural, technological, and social properties—with IS professionals' biographical, inner dialogues to theorise about the role of reflexivity modes in their experiences of psychological empowerment. Through the lens of Archer's (2007) three‐stage model of reflexivity and different modes of reflexivity (communicative, autonomous, meta, and fractured), we investigate the experiences of psychological empowerment and project dynamics among IS professionals in IS development work by zooming in on 6 years of three IS professionals' work lives. Our findings make several contributions to theory and practice. First, we elucidate the interplay between reflexivity and psychological empowerment. Second, we show how different IS professionals' approach similar structural, technological, or social circumstances differently (such as agile work practices), depending on their reflexive inner dialogues. This includes showing how different reflexivity modes, focused on various properties of the IS context (structural, technological, and social), becomes entangled with interpersonal dynamics and IS project dynamics.
Application of the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model in Parent–Adolescent Mental Health Knowledge and Depression
Authors: Jiang Yu Lei , Lv Zi Yao , Zhou Yang , Hou Hao , Ao Meng Qin , Fu Yu‐Xin , Zou Huijing , Wang Xiao Qin , Luo Dan , Yang Bing Xiang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the individual and interpersonal association between mental health knowledge (MHK) and depression in adolescents and one of their parents, and to explore whether gender differences exist between fathers and mothers in these associations.MethodsParticipants were 3456 father–adolescent dyads and 4478 mother–adolescent dyads, recruited from eight middle schools in Wuhan, who completed self‐report assessments of MHK and depression from September to October 2021.ResultsWith the application of the actor–partner interdependence model, A positive actor effect between MHK and depression in adolescents was found. Adverse partner effects from fathers' MHK and mothers' MHK to adolescent depression were noted and showed no significant difference. Adolescents' depression was significantly associated with parental depression in both fathers and mothers.ConclusionIt is implied that milder adolescent depression was associated with lower levels of adolescent MHK, along with higher levels of MHK in both fathers and mothers. For parents, it is important to emphasise the improvement of their own MHK and increase their attention to adolescent mental health problems, as this may contribute to enhancing the mental health of adolescents.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis study is instructive and related to family‐based nursing interventions for mental health, emphasising the potential influence of parents in the family on adolescent depressive symptoms. The findings suggest that parental involvement should be encouraged and that the family's role in supporting the child's mental health should be recognised, contributing to the development of relevant policies.ImpactThis study highlights that higher parental MHK is associated with lower levels of adolescent depression, with no gender differences between fathers and mothers. Family‐based nursing interventions that emphasise mental health education for parents may have an impact on improving depression in adolescents.Reporting MethodGuidelines were followed using the STROBE reporting method.Patient or Public ContributionNone.