bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das diabetische Makulaödem – Patientenkollektiv und Behandlungsrealität in einem deutschen Universitätsklinikum
Authors: Eder Anna Mareike , Sekundo Walter , Besgen Volker , Schulze Stephan 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Das diabetische Makulaödem (DMÖ) ist mit einem relevanten Visusverlust assoziiert. Den aktuellen Goldstandard zur Behandlung dieser Erkrankung stellen intravitreale Injektionen mit einem VEGF-Inhibitor dar, die Zweitlinientherapie eine Behandlung mit intravitrealen Steroiden. Diese Therapie wurde in großen randomisierten Studien bereits umfangreich untersucht. In dieser Arbeit sollen die Patientinnen und Patienten sowie die Therapiemöglichkeiten in einem Real-World-Setting evaluiert werden.
Material und Methoden Es wurden Daten von 176 Augen von 114 Patienten der Augenklinik des Universitätsklinikums Marburg, die im Jahr 2018 mindestens eine intravitreale Injektion bei der Diagnose DMÖ erhalten haben, retrospektiv ausgewertet. Untersucht wurden dabei demografische Charakteristika, Vorbehandlung, durchgeführte Therapien sowie die Entwicklung des Visus und die der zentralen Netzhautdicke. Mithilfe multipler linearer Regressionsanalysen wurde der Einfluss der verschiedenen Variablen auf die abhängigen Variablen Visusänderung (logMAR), Netzhautdickenänderung (µm) sowie Injektionsanzahl untersucht. Dabei wurden ebenso die Einflüsse der Variablen untereinander berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Patienten waren durchschnittlich 64,45 ± 13,79 Jahre alt und überwiegend männlich (61,93%). Mit 71,59% war ein Großteil bereits bez. des DMÖs vorbehandelt. Der Ausgangsvisus lag bei durchschnittlich 0,42 logMAR ± 0,34, der Ausgangswert der zentralen Netzhautdicke bei 369,1 µm ± 118,81. Im beobachteten Zeitraum wurden insgesamt 688 intravitreale Injektionen verabreicht, pro Auge durchschnittlich 3,91 ± 2,22. Es zeigte sich eine durchschnittliche Visusverbesserung um 0,04 logMAR ± 0,18, wobei Augen mit einem schlechteren Ausgangsvisus eine stärkere Visuszunahme verzeichneten. Bezüglich des CRT-Wertes kam es zu einer durchschnittlichen Reduktion um 44,54 µm ± 133,95. Augen mit einem höheren Ausgangswert zeigten eine stärkere Reduktion. In den Regressionsanalysen konnte außerdem erstmalig gezeigt werden, dass bereits vorbehandelte Augen weiterhin vermehrt Injektionen benötigen könnten.
Fazit In dieser Arbeit konnte die Behandlungsrealität des DMÖs in einem deutschen Universitätsklinikum detailliert dargestellt werden. Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, welche Unterschiede zu RCTs existieren und was das Patientenkollektiv charakterisiert.
Spezielle Orthopädische Geriatrie (SOG) – G-BA Modellprojekt zur
Versorgung orthogeriatrischer Patienten mit elektiven orthopädischen
Eingriffen
Authors: Kappenschneider Tobias , Meyer Matthias , Grifka Joachim , Maderbacher Günther 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDurch die demographische Entwicklung ist in den nächsten Jahren und Jahrzehnten
mit einer deutlichen Zunahme geriatrischer Patienten im deutschen
Gesundheitssystem zu rechnen. So wird auch die Anzahl älterer Patienten in den
Fachgebieten Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie weiter erheblich zunehmen. Während
sich die Unfallchirurgie diesbezüglich durch zertifizierte Alterstraumazentren,
der Richtlinie zur Versorgung der hüftgelenknahen Femurfrakturen des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschuss (G-BA) und der geriatrischen frührehabilitativen
Komplexbehandlung mittlerweile gut aufgestellt hat, existieren in der Orthopädie
mit überwiegend elektiven Eingriffen bisher noch keine adäquaten Antworten
hierauf. Doch gerade in der Primär- und Revisionsendoprothetik sowie auch bei
Wirbelsäuleneingriffen ist mit dramatisch steigenden Zahlen älterer,
multimorbider Patienten zu rechnen. Das G-BA Modellprojekt „Spezielle
Orthopädische Geriatrie (SOG)“ evaluiert auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage
erstmals in Deutschland ein speziell auf die Elektivsituation abgestimmtes,
innovatives Versorgungskonzept in der interdisziplinären Behandlung
orthogeriatrischer Patienten bei primärem Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz. In einer
ersten Zwischenanalyse zeigten sich bereits vielversprechende Ergebnisse. Im
Erfolgsfall könnte das Konzept für die Behandlung weiterer Erkrankungen
übernommen und als neue Komplexbehandlung für elektive chirurgische Eingriffe
etabliert werden.
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage is associated with favorable long-term outcomes in patients with advanced liver disease
Authors: Cooper Katherine M. , Winkie Mason , Achebe Ikechukwu , Devuni Deepika , Mehta Savant 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic gallbladder therapy is increasingly used in high-risk surgical patients, but data in advanced liver disease are lacking.
Patients and methods We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of patients with cirrhosis undergoing endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ET-GBD) with cystic duct stenting (n = 55). Short-term outcomes were assessed at Day 30. Long-term outcomes were assessed at 6 months and 1 and 3 years or last known follow-up. Subgroup analyses were completed by location (inpatient vs. outpatient).
Results A total of 52 patients, mean MELD-Na 16, underwent successful ET-GBD (38 inpatient, 14 outpatient). Most patients (n = 48) experienced immediate symptomatic relief. Short-term adverse event rate was 7.7% and 30-day mortality was 1.9%. At 6 months, 86.5% of patients had a favorable outcome; unfavorable outcomes included death (n = 2), recurrent cholecystitis and/or need for urgent cholecystectomy (n = 5). At the end of the study, 80% of patients experienced a favorable outcome including five patients bridged to liver transplant and 20 who had their stent in place with adequate symptom control. Of those with imaging, 65% of patients experienced resolution of cholelithiasis. Recurrent cholecystitis (P = 1.00) and stone resolution (P = 0.35) did not differ in patients with one or two cystic duct stents in place.
Conclusions Transpapillary gallbladder stenting is technically feasible and associated with high rates of clinical success in patients with decompensated liver disease. Stone resolution is common after transpapillary gallbladder stenting and may portend favorable patient outcomes.
Texture and color enhancement imaging versus white light imaging for the detection of colorectal adenomas: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mitev Stefan , Saeed Humza , Rasheed Ch Faizan , Abdullah A , Murvakov Stefan , Sirakov Vassil , Tchernodrinski Stefan , Spassova Zoya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTexture and color enhancement imaging (TXI) is a novel optical technology designed to improve visibility during endoscopy by highlighting subtle differences in morphology and color. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether TXI, compared with conventional white light imaging (WLI), can improve important colonoscopy quality indicators, specifically the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC).We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central for studies comparing TXI to WLI in patients undergoing colonoscopy for any indication. Risk ratios (RRs) and mean differences (MDs) were computed using a random-effects model.We included 1541 patients from three studies, of which two were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). TXI was used in 775 patients (50.3%). Indications for colonoscopy varied, including positive fecal immunochemical test (FIT), surveillance, and diagnostic workup for abdominal symptoms. In the pooled data, TXI significantly increased both ADR (57,8% versus 43.6%; RR 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.46; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%) and APC (MD 0.50; 95% CI 0.37-0.64; P < 0.001; I2 = 0%), compared with WLI. Furthermore, TXI was more effective at detecting nonpolypoid/flat adenomas, proximal/right-sided adenomas, and adenomas ≥ 10 mm in size. Colonoscopies with TXI had shorter withdrawal times.Our meta-analysis demonstrates that TXI significantly improves detection of colorectal adenomas in patients undergoing colonoscopy for various indications. TXI has the potential to improve overall quality of colonoscopy and contribute to colorectal cancer prevention.
Ingestible sensor capsule with extended battery capacity allows early diagnosis of GI malignancy in comorbid patients with occult bleeding and anemia
Authors: Cahyadi Oscar , Ewald Peter , Quast Daniel , Siau Keith , Uhl Waldemar , Schmidt Wolfgang , Torres Reyes Christian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHemoPill is a commercially available ingestible electronic capsule that detects hematin and blood through photometric measurements. An examination with HemoPill requires no special preparation and can be done bedside. Its major advantage is noninvasive luminal blood detection, requiring only a small amount of blood or hematin (> 20 mL) for a positive result, making it especially suitable in multimorbid and/or geriatric patients not primarily fit for endoscopic diagnostic allowing rapid and uncomplicated bleeding detection.Recent clinical reports showed that HemoPill is useful in stratifying patients with anemia and bleeding in the setting of an Emergency Department. The second generation with an extended battery capacity of 9 hours opens the possibility of detecting blood in the middle and lower gastrointestinal tract.Herein we report another advantage of the extended battery capacity allowing noninvasive bleeding detection in the middle and lower gastrointestinal tract, leading to early endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancies with occult bleeding in comorbid patients with severe anemia.
A Portal to Highly Valuable Pyridonyl Vinyl Sulfonyl Fluorides and Aliphatic Sulfonyl Fluorides
Authors: Qin Hua-Li , Zeng Shi-Qi , Fayad Eman , Abu Ali Ola A. , Sun Bing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel and efficient method for selective Michael addition of 2-pyridones to ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) and 1-bromoethene-1-sulfonyl fluoride (BESF) has been developed for constructing a class of pyridonyl aliphatic sulfonyl fluorides and pyridonyl vinyl sulfonyl fluorides in good to excellent yields. This practical method features easy operation, wide substrate scope, and mild reaction conditions.
Percutaneous Cystic Duct Stenting: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Paul Shouvik , Singh Anupam , Irrinki Santosh , Dahiya Divya , Gupta Pankaj 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPercutaneous cholecystostomy involves the placement of a catheter in the gallbladder via image-guided puncture through either a transhepatic or a transperitoneal route. It is most commonly utilized for managing patients with moderate to severe acute cholecystitis who are otherwise unfit for immediate surgery. While the procedure has a high technical success rate, there is significant morbidity, mainly due to catheter-related issues. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided drainage offers the advantage of internal drainage, potentially alleviating catheter-related risks. However, EUS-guided gallbladder drainage requires a high degree of expertise. There are reports of percutaneous cholecystostomy being converted into internal drainage using endoscopic approaches. We report two cases of percutaneous cystic duct stenting.
Perspective on the Influence of Biopsy on the Survival of Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Brainstem Gliomas: A Literature Review
Authors: Biondi-Soares Ádria Gabrielle , Biondi-Soares Luís Gustavo , Pereira Felipe Salvagni , Kus Willian Pegoraro , Batista Ludimila Brito , Formentin Cleiton 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction Diffuse brainstem gliomas (DBG) represent the most common subtype of pediatric brainstem tumors, characterized by a systematically grim prognosis with a median survival rate of 10% two years post-diagnosis. Unlike other brain tumors, diffuse brainstem gliomas have traditionally relied on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a sufficient diagnostic tool, rendering surgical biopsies deemed unnecessary.
Objectives To conduct a literature review aiming to assess whether the performance of surgical biopsies has influenced the survival outcomes of children with diffuse brainstem gliomas.
Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted using electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. The search terms included “glioma” or “diffuse glioma” in conjunction with “pediatric” or “childhood,” combined with “biopsy” or “stereotactic,” and further combined with “brainstem,” “pons,” “pontine,” or “mesencephalon,” along with “survival.” The searches were limited to studies involving pediatric patients (age <18 years) published between 1980 and 2021.
Results The analysis of the presented data revealed morbidity ranging from 0% to 33.3% and mortality from 0% to 2.2%. Transfrontal access was predominantly favored by most authors, followed by transcerebellar approaches. The rate of inconclusive biopsies varied from 0% to 30%.
Conclusion Given the infiltrative nature of diffuse brainstem gliomas; surgical resection is generally deemed impractical. Radiation therapy remains the standard treatment, providing a marginal survival benefit of ∼3 months. There is currently no established chemotherapy protocol for this pathology.
How does colonial history matter for expatriate adjustment? The case of Brazilians in Portugal
Authors: Aguzzoli Roberta , Śliwa Martyna , Lengler Jorge , Brewster Chris , Quatrin Denise Rossato 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe literature on expatriation typically assumes that cultural and institutional familiarity facilitates expatriate adjustment. This assumption underplays the role of the historical context, especially the influence of painful colonial pasts that often lie beneath such familiarity. In addition, seeking to capture expatriate adjustment as a single measure, such literature does not engage with the differences in the extent to which expatriates achieve cognitive, behavioral, and affective adjustment. Using a qualitative study addressing the work experiences of Brazilians living in Portugal, we argue that to fully understand expatriate adjustment, we must pay attention to the historical colonial relationship between the expatriate’s home and host country. Specifically, we discuss the importance of social representations of history for how expatriates narrate, interpret, and act in response to their experiences. Our research makes two theoretical contributions. First, we explain how historical colonial relationships affect expatriate adjustment and how this leads to adjustment only being partial. Second, we develop a nuanced understanding of expatriate adjustment by drawing attention to its three interdependent dimensions (cognitive, behavioral, and affective), showing that an expatriate may be well adjusted in one dimension but less adjusted in another. We call for organizations to engage more, and more critically, with history.
The infrared thermography system on the MAST-U tokamak
Authors: Stobbs J. M. , Tookey A. , Thornton A. J. , Farley T. ,   MAST-U Team
Published: November 2024

Power loading from plasma in the scrape-off layer limits the lifetime of plasma-facing components in tokamak-based power plants. The Mega Ampere Spherical Tokamak Upgrade [W. Morris et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46(5), 1217–1226 (2018)] (MAST-U) features four divertor strike points (SP) owing to its up-down symmetry. This paper introduces the five-camera infrared thermography system, covering all four SPs and their mode of operation on MAST-U. The system employs both medium and long wavelength cameras, offering high frame rates up to 4 kHz and spatial resolutions of down to 3 mm. Postprocessing involves artifact elimination and heat flux calculation using in-house analysis software that incorporates the inverse heat transfer code, THEODOR (THermal Energy Onto DivertOR).
Metal-halide perovskites under pressure: Effect of anisotropic deformation on optoelectronic properties
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Liu Mengyu , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Yuan Haidong , Guo Lixin , Hao Yue , Chang Jingjing 
Published: November 2024

Significant differences from typical semiconductors are observed in organic lead halide perovskites, which arise from the hybrid nature and soft lattice that make them sensitive to external driving forces, such as temperature and pressure. Here, the study employs first-principles calculations to investigate the structural, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of pressure-induced perovskite (FAPbI3). Cubic FAPbI3 (Pm3m) undergoes a series of phase transitions as pressure increases from 0 to 9 GPa: transitioning to a tetragonal phase at ∼2 GPa, an orthorhombic phase around 5 GPa, and eventually to a monoclinic phase near 8 GPa, accompanied by reductions in lattice constant, bond length, and octahedral angle. The anisotropic structural deformation adjusts the bandgap from 1.43 eV at 0 GPa to 1.10 eV at 5 GPa, resulting in a redshift, suggesting that photoelectric conversion efficiency could be enhanced under pressures less than 5 GPa. In addition, increased pressure enhances the ductility of FAPbI3, evident from the anisotropy ratio increasing from 1.2 at 0 GPa to 2.0 at 9 GPa. The significant tunability of FAPbI3 under modest pressure ranges, combined with its increased anisotropy and ductility, opens new paradigms for its optoelectronic applications in extreme environments.
Research on the impact of grinding speed on surface/subsurface damage in monocrystalline silicon by workpiece rotational grinding
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiu , Ma Jiaheng , Liu Ziyuan , Ma Fujian , Wang Ziguang , Zhang Shengfang 
Published: November 2024

To investigate the effect of grinding speed on the surface/subsurface damage of monocrystalline silicon grinding, experiments of grinding monocrystalline silicon wafers with different grinding speeds under the condition of equal abrasive cutting depth were designed based on the workpiece rotation method. The surface morphology, roughness, surface cracks, deformations, and residual stresses after machining were analyzed through comparative experiments, and the reasons for the effect of different machining speeds on the number of cracks and depth of subsurface damage were analyzed in combination with molecular dynamics simulation models. The results indicated that with the increase in grinding speed, the surface quality gradually becomes better. Furthermore, when the grinding speed is 2399 rpm, the surface roughness Ra value formed by Nos. 600 and 5000 grinding wheels is reduced by 22.5% and 31.2%, respectively, compared with 239 rpm. Besides, when grinding with the No. 600 grinding wheel, the higher the grinding speed, the fewer the number of subsurface cracks and the smaller the crack depth. Besides, when the grinding speed is 2399 rpm, the number of cracks is reduced by about 50%, and the depth of cracks is reduced by about 25% compared with 239 rpm. Moreover, when grinding with the No. 5000 grinding wheel, the deformation and residual stress of the silicon wafer gradually decrease with the increase in grinding speed. The deformation formed at a grinding speed of 2399 rpm is about 44% lower than that at 239 rpm. With the increase in grinding speed, the number of cracks, deformation, and residual stress of silicon wafer are reduced. Moreover, the increase in grinding speed will help reduce the damage degree of the crystal structure and the thickness of the damage layer of the silicon wafer, thus improving the quality of the grinding surface.
Understanding secondary school students’ challenges, language learning strategies and future selves at highly selective
EMI schools in Kazakhstan
Authors: Hajar Anas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This qualitative study explores the experiences of 22 Grade 11 students, aged 17–18, studying science subjects at
highly selective English medium instruction (EMI) schools. The study is guided by Dörnyei’s L2 Motivational Self System (namely,
the ideal/ought-to L2 self concepts) and Hajar’s (2019) distinction between compulsory
and voluntary strategies. Specific focus was paid to the participants’ English learning challenges, language learning strategies
(LLSs) and future selves. The data were collected from two rounds of semi-structured individual interviews with 22 participants.
The interview data revealed that most students indicated that although it was their parents’ decision to send them to outstanding
English-medium schools, they gradually realised that studying at this type of school fostered their identity formation as users of
English and helped them visualise their ideal end state. This end state related to professional, intercultural and academic gains.
The students reported that they sometimes faced challenges in understanding new terminology in science, along with using English
to answer their teachers’ questions. Despite these challenges, the students exercised their agency by valuing studying in a
resource-rich EMI environment, using certain effective strategies, and receiving fee-charging private tutoring. This study
highlights the importance of understanding language learners’ motivations for attending English private tutoring and how it
impacts their LLS use and future vision. Also, it reveals how educational policy and the distribution of language learning
resources can affect individuals’ LLS choices and use, and their identity development.
Tuning the bandgap and photoluminescence properties of Ge/Al2O3 multilayer thin films using annealing and ion beam irradiation
Authors: Shekhawat Komal , Mittal Priya , Negi Deepak , Shyam Radhe , Prajapat Pukhraj , Gupta Govind , Singh Fouran , Gupta Mukul , Pandey Subingya , Dobbidi Pamu , Nelamarri Srinivasa Rao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present work reports high energy ion beam irradiation induced modifications in Ge/Al2O3 multilayers (MLs). Ge and Al2O3 ML thin films were deposited using the electron beam evaporation technique. Afterward, the as-deposited films were annealed using rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at different temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 800 °C under high vacuum. At a constant fluence of 5 × 1012 ions cm−2, the annealed films were subjected to irradiation with 80 MeV Ag ions. X-ray diffraction patterns show the crystalline nature of films that were annealed above 500 °C, and the increase in crystallite size of Ge nanocrystals from 4.5 to 5.7 nm is observed for annealed samples. After Ag ion irradiation, the crystallinity of the films deteriorates. The crystallinity and optical bandgap are found to vary with Ag ion irradiation. The band gap of annealed films decreased from 1.1 to 0.97 eV with increase in crystallite size. The band gap of irradiated samples increased than that of pristine films. In addition, photoluminescence (PL) measurements were carried out to investigate the luminescence characteristics of annealed and irradiated ML films, and a wide emission band in the visible region was observed. The basic mechanism for tailoring the optical band gap and PL emission using RTA and ion irradiation is discussed.