bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant growth rate and nitrogen uptake shape rhizosphere bacterial community composition and activity in an agricultural field
Authors: Emmett Bryan D. , Buckley Daniel H. , Drinkwater Laurie E. 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Plant–microbial interactions in the rhizosphere are an essential link in soil nitrogen (N) cycling and plant N supply. Plant phenotype and genotype interact with the soil environment to determine rhizosphere community structure and activity. However, the relative contributions of plant identity, phenology and soil resource availability in shaping rhizosphere effects are not well understood.

Four summer annuals and a collection of maize hybrids were grown in a common garden experiment conducted at two levels of organic nutrient availability. Plant biomass, N accumulation, rhizosphere bacterial community composition, and rhizosphere potential extracellular enzyme activity were assessed at vegetative, flowering and grain‐filling stages of maize.

Plant N uptake was strongly coupled with protease activity in the rhizosphere. Temporal trends in rhizosphere community composition varied between plant species. Changes in rhizosphere community composition could be explained by variation in plant growth dynamics.

These findings indicate that species‐level variation in plant growth dynamics and resource acquisition drive variation in rhizosphere bacterial community composition and activity linked to plant N uptake.
Evaluational adjectives
Authors: Silk Alex 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper demarcates a theoretically interesting class of evaluational adjectives. This class includes predicates expressing various kinds of normative and epistemic evaluation, such as predicates of personal taste, aesthetic adjectives, moral adjectives, and epistemic adjectives, among others. Evaluational adjectives are distinguished, empirically, in exhibiting phenomena such as discourse‐oriented use, felicitous embedding under the attitude verb ‘find’, and sorites‐susceptibility in the comparative form. A unified degree‐based semantics is developed: What distinguishes evaluational adjectives, semantically, is that they denote context‐dependent measure functions (evaluational perspectives)—context‐dependent mappings to degrees of taste, beauty, probability, etc., depending on the adjective. This perspective‐sensitivity characterizing the class of evaluational adjectives cannot be assimilated to vagueness, sensitivity to an experiencer argument, or multidimensionality; and it cannot be demarcated in terms of pretheoretic notions of subjectivity, common in the literature. I propose that certain diagnostics for “subjective” expressions be analyzed instead in terms of a precisely specified kind of discourse‐oriented use of context‐sensitive language. I close by applying the account to ‘find x PRED’ ascriptions.
Assessing Engineering Resilience for Systems with Multiple Performance Measures
Authors: Specking Eric , Cottam Bobby , Parnell Gregory , Pohl Edward , Cilli Matthew , Buchanan Randy , Wade Zephan , Small Colin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecently, efforts to model and assess a system's resilience to disruptions due to environmental and adversarial threats have increased substantially. Researchers have investigated resilience in many disciplines, including sociology, psychology, computer networks, and engineering systems, to name a few. When assessing engineering system resilience, the resilience assessment typically considers a single performance measure, a disruption, a loss of performance, the time required to recover, or a combination of these elements. We define and use a resilient engineered system definition that separates system resilience into platform and mission resilience. Most complex systems have multiple performance measures; this research proposes using multiple objective decision analysis to assess system resilience for systems with multiple performance measures using two distinct methods. The first method quantifies platform resilience and includes resilience and other “ilities” directly in the value hierarchy, while the second method quantifies mission resilience and uses the “ilities” in the calculation of the expected mission performance for every performance measure in the value hierarchy. We illustrate the mission resilience method using a transportation systems‐of‐systems network with varying levels of resilience due to the level of connectivity and autonomy of the vehicles and platform resilience by using a notional military example. Our analysis found that it is necessary to quantify performance in context with specific mission(s) and scenario(s) under specific threat(s) and then use modeling and simulation to help determine the resilience of a system for a given set of conditions. The example demonstrates how incorporating system mission resilience can improve performance for some performance measures while negatively affecting others.
Reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents: a content analysis
Authors: Jakobsson Malin , Josefsson Karin , Högberg Karin 
Published: September 2019

Sleeping difficulties are increasingly prevalent among adolescents worldwide and have negative consequences for adolescent health and education. The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for sleeping difficulties as perceived by adolescents. Sleeping difficulties include insufficient sleep, trouble falling asleep, waking up at night or sleep that does not leave an individual rested. Data were collected in 2015 using an open‐ended question. The sample consisted of n = 475 adolescents from a city in Sweden, aged 15–16 years, with self‐assessed sleeping difficulties. The results described the reasons for the adolescents’ sleeping difficulties, at a general, thematic level, as an imbalance between requirements and preconditions, distributed to stress, technology use, poor sleep habits, existential thoughts, needs and suffering. To find a balance in their daily lives, adolescents may need support from parents, school nurses and school health services to deal with their sleeping difficulties.
Sand dunes and valley fills from Preboreal glacial‐lake outburst floods in south‐eastern Norway – beyond the aeolian paradigm
Authors: Hansen Louise , Tassis Georgios , Høgaas Fredrik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA major glacial‐lake outburst flood in the Glomma valley, south‐eastern Norway, took place during the final decay of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet. A combined morphological, geophysical and sedimentological study provides new insight into the variety of processes and deposits of the flood. The studied succession, some tens of metres in thickness, comprises the fill of a major flood basin that developed during hydraulic ponding. Large‐scale sand dunes and bars accumulated downstream of locations with expanding flow. Most notable are 10 m high, concentric dune ridges that accumulated downstream of a topographical constriction hosting a high‐velocity flow. Flow expansion at the outlet generated intense turbulence and scouring. The sand‐loaded eddies helped feeding the semi‐stationary dune ridges that grew vertically and downflow under high aggradation rates. Internal structures vary but reflect an overall shift in sedimentation from prevailing supercritical flow to overall subcritical flow conditions at high flood levels. Loading by water and sediment caused large‐scale, synsedimentary deformation, increasing local accommodation space. Fast‐falling flood levels caused stronger flow locally, while mud and fine sand settled in stagnant pools. The fall caused a significant drop in hydrostatic pressure. This triggered a release of excess pore pressure causing massive dewatering and fluidisation. Water‐escape structures include numerous (sub)vertical pipes. The present study shows that outburst flood‐generated, large‐scale dunes can develop in well‐sorted, fine sand and are thereby easily confused with aeolian deposits. Several dune fields in south‐eastern Norway are here reinterpreted as the product of at least two major flood events. Sandy dune fields with similar characteristics elsewhere in Scandinavia should likely also be reinterpreted, and the role of outburst floods during the final deglaciation of Scandinavia has seemingly been underestimated. The study emphasises the importance of ponding, flow expansion, sorting, rapidly changing pressure conditions and deformation for outburst flood‐related sedimentation.
Serum levels of epithelial‐derived mediators and interleukin‐4/interleukin‐13 signaling after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with allergic asthma
Authors: Kalinauskaite‐Zukauske Virginija , Janulaityte Ieva , Januskevicius Andrius , Malakauskas Kestutis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAllergens are the main trigger that enhances airway type 2 inflammation, and the epithelium is the first line of defense that reacts to its exposure. Therefore, epithelial‐derived mediators, such as interleukin (IL)‐25, IL‐33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and ezrin, may play a role as alarmins in IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling in allergic asthma (AA). We investigated the serum levels of IL‐25, IL‐33, TSLP, ezrin, IL‐4 and IL‐13, after bronchial challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with AA. We examined 18 subjects: nine steroid‐free stable patients with AA sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and nine non‐atopic healthy subjects (HS). Bronchial allergen challenge was performed using inhaled D. pteronyssinus allergen. IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐25, IL‐33, TSLP and ezrin levels in serum were measured by ELISA at two time points ‐ before and 24 hours after bronchial allergen challenge. The serum levels of IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin did not differ between AA and HS groups at baseline. However, after allergen exposure, significant increases in serum levels of IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin were observed only in patients with AA. The serum level of IL‐33 at baseline was significantly higher in the AA group compared with HS, but the allergen challenge did not provoke an increase of this cytokine in any group. IL‐4 and IL‐13 levels were significantly higher at baseline in the AA group compared with HS and, after allergen exposure, were significantly increased in the AA group, with no effect on HS. Thus, the epithelial‐derived mediators IL‐25, TSLP and ezrin, via IL4/IL13 signaling, enhance type 2 inflammation after bronchial challenge with D. pteronyssinus in AA.
TIM‐3: An emerging target in the liver diseases
Authors: Zhao Lizhen , Yu Guoyi , Han Qi , Cui Congxian , Zhang Bei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractT cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain‐containing molecule 3 (TIM‐3) is found expression in the surface of terminally differentiated T cells and belongs to the TIM family of type Ⅰ transmembrane proteins. It binds to the ligand Galectin‐9 and mediates T cell apoptosis. As the research progresses, TIM‐3 is also expressed in Th17, NK, monocyte, which binds to ligand and induce immune peripheral tolerance in both mice and man. Numerous researches have demonstrated that TIM‐3 influences liver diseases, including liver‐associated chronic viral infection, liver fibrosis, liver cancer et al and suggest new approaches to intervention. Currently, targeted therapy of TIM‐3 is a new treatment in the field of immunization. Although many studies have proven that TIM‐3 has an inhibitory effect in vivo, the specific mechanism is not clear. Herein, we summarize the important role of TIM‐3 in the regulation of liver disease and prospects for future clinical research. TIM‐3 will provide new targets for improving clinical liver disease.
The Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT) Applied to Visual Narratives
Authors: Loschky Lester C. , Larson Adam M. , Smith Tim J. , Magliano Joseph P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how people comprehend visual narratives (including picture stories, comics, and film) requires the combination of traditionally separate theories that span the initial sensory and perceptual processing of complex visual scenes, the perception of events over time, and comprehension of narratives. Existing piecemeal approaches fail to capture the interplay between these levels of processing. Here, we propose the Scene Perception & Event Comprehension Theory (SPECT), as applied to visual narratives, which distinguishes between front‐end and back‐end cognitive processes. Front‐end processes occur during single eye fixations and are comprised of attentional selection and information extraction. Back‐end processes occur across multiple fixations and support the construction of event models, which reflect understanding of what is happening now in a narrative (stored in working memory) and over the course of the entire narrative (stored in long‐term episodic memory). We describe relationships between front‐ and back‐end processes, and medium‐specific differences that likely produce variation in front‐end and back‐end processes across media (e.g., picture stories vs. film). We describe several novel research questions derived from SPECT that we have explored. By addressing these questions, we provide greater insight into how attention, information extraction, and event model processes are dynamically coordinated to perceive and understand complex naturalistic visual events in narratives and the real world.
Understanding the role of China's domestic market in the (unequal) growth of world economy
Authors: Chung Sunghoon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the rising role of China's domestic market expansion from 1995 to 2011 in the world economy's growth. China maintained high domestic expenditure growth during the entire period, with even bigger increases in the last years, when the global financial crisis and subsequent economic recovery occurred. The expenditures facilitated rapid growth through high demand for durable goods, which are produced across widely fragmented Asian channels. At the same time, China integrated further into the global economy and imported intermediate goods increasingly became embedded in goods for domestic sale. These two forces combined to magnify the impact of China's market expansion on foreign economies but disproportionately more on its neighbouring countries and sectors related to durable goods production. Specifically, our estimates suggest that the expenditure growth in China over the 2009–11 period added about 1 percentage point to the annual GDP growth rate in Taiwan, Malaysia and Korea, while the NAFTA and EU member countries typically benefited by less than 0.1 percentage point.
Discriminatory features of acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (Wells‐like syndrome) and sterile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's‐like syndrome) in dogs
Authors: Bradley Charles W. , Cain Christine L. , Wong Talia S. , Ferracone Jacquelyn D. , Goldschmidt Kyle H. , Mauldin Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundCanine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with oedema (CAEDE) and sterile neutrophilic dermatosis have overlapping clinical and histopathological features.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify features that differentiate these entities.AnimalsForty dogs.Methods and materialsRetrospective case series. Forty cases with diagnoses of eitherCAEDEand/or sterile neutrophilic dermatosis were included based on histopathological review. Medical records (29 of 40 dogs) were reviewed for clinical findings and historical data. Commercially available immunohistochemical stains for granulocytes and a Luna stain were performed (40 of 40 dogs) to assess the granulocytic infiltrate.ResultsNineteen cases had been previously diagnosed asCAEDE, seven cases had been designated as sterile neutrophilic dermatosis and 14 cases had overlapping features. Based on review and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, 30 cases with >12% eosinophils, enumerated by Luna staining, were diagnosed as eosinophilic dermatitis and oedema. Ten cases were diagnosed as sterile neutrophilic dermatosis. Dogs withCAEDEfrequently had gastrointestinal signs (24 of 30;80%) and pruritus (11 of 30;33%). In dogs with sterile neutrophilic dermatosis, five of 10 (50%) had diagnoses of or histories compatible with immune‐mediated polyarthropathy.Conclusions and clinical importanceIn this case series, CAEDE was encountered more frequently than neutrophilic dermatosis and could be distinguished by the eosinophilic infiltrate, aided by a Luna stain. Concurrent arthralgia was more frequently identified with neutrophilic dermatosis. It remains unclear whetherCAEDEand sterile neutrophilic dermatosis are separate disease entities or varied manifestations of the same disease.
Subcutaneous maternal resveratrol treatment increases uterine artery blood flow in the pregnant ewe and increases fetal but not cardiac growth
Authors: Darby Jack R. T. , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Soo Jia Yin , Lock Mitchell C. , Holman Stacey L. , Bradshaw Emma L. , McInnes Steven J. P. , Voelcker Nicolas H. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Seed Mike , Wiese Michael D. , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: September 2019

Key points
Substrate restriction during critical developmental windows of gestation programmes offspring for a predisposition towards cardiovascular disease in adult life.
This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal resveratrol (RSV) treatment in an animal model in which chronic fetal catheterisation is possible and the timing of organ maturation reflects that of the human.
Maternal RSV treatment increased uterine artery blood flow, fetal oxygenation and fetal weight.
RSV was not detectable in the fetal circulation, indicating that it may not cross the sheep placenta.
This study highlights RSV as a possible intervention to restore fetal substrate supply in pregnancies affected by placental insufficiency.
AbstractSuboptimal in utero environments with reduced substrate supply during critical developmental windows of gestation predispose offspring to non‐communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). Improving fetal substrate supply in these pregnancies may ameliorate the predisposition these offspring have toward adult‐onset CVD. This study aimed to determine the effect of maternal resveratrol (RSV) supplementation on uterine artery blood flow and the direct effects of RSV on the fetal heart in a chronically catheterised sheep model of human pregnancy. Maternal RSV treatment significantly increased uterine artery blood flow as measured by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging, mean gestational fetal and as well as fetal weight. RSV was not detectable in the fetal circulation, and mRNA and protein expression of the histone/protein deacetylase SIRT1 did not differ between treatment groups. No effect of maternal RSV supplementation on AKT/mTOR or CAMKII signalling in the fetal left ventricle was observed. Maternal RSV supplementation is capable of increasing fetal oxygenation and growth in an animal model in which cardiac development parallels that of the human.
Physics-Driven Regularization of Deep Neural Networks for Enhanced Engineering Design and Analysis
Authors: Nabian Mohammad Amin , Meidani Hadi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a physics-driven regularization method for training of deep neural networks (DNNs) for use in engineering design and analysis problems. In particular, we focus on the prediction of a physical system, for which in addition to training data, partial or complete information on a set of governing laws is also available. These laws often appear in the form of differential equations, derived from first principles, empirically validated laws, or domain expertise, and are usually neglected in a data-driven prediction of engineering systems. We propose a training approach that utilizes the known governing laws and regularizes data-driven DNN models by penalizing divergence from those laws. The first two numerical examples are synthetic examples, where we show that in constructing a DNN model that best fits the measurements from a physical system, the use of our proposed regularization results in DNNs that are more interpretable with smaller generalization errors, compared with other common regularization methods. The last two examples concern metamodeling for a random Burgers’ system and for aerodynamic analysis of passenger vehicles, where we demonstrate that the proposed regularization provides superior generalization accuracy compared with other common alternatives.
Effect of the Field Shaper Geometries in Electromagnetic Crimping of Tubes on Rods
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Kore Sachin D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Electromagnetic crimping is a solid state, high-speed, and high strain-rate joining process. Finite element analysis, as well as experimental study, was carried out on three types of field shapers, namely, tapered, taper-stepped, and stepped. In all three field shapers, the effective length, outer diameter, inner diameter, total length, and materials properties were constant. These field shapers were kept inside the same multi-turn solenoid coil for all the experiments. It was found that the taper-stepped field shaper results better regarding impact velocity, Lorentz force, temperature generation, less heating, and uniformity in crimping among the three types of field shapers.
A General Purpose Robotic Hand Exoskeleton With Series Elastic Actuation
Authors: Refour Eric M. , Sebastian Bijo , Chauhan Raghuraj J. , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the design and control of a novel hand exoskeleton. A subcategory of upper extremity exoskeletons, hand exoskeletons have promising applications in healthcare services, industrial workplaces, virtual reality, and military. Although much progress has been made in this field, most of the existing systems are position controlled and face several design challenges, including achieving minimal size and weight, difficulty enforcing natural grasping motions, exerting sufficient grip strength, ensuring the safety of the users hand, and maintaining overall user friendliness. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel, slim, lightweight linkage mechanism design for a hand exoskeleton with a force control paradigm enabled via a compact series elastic actuator. A detailed design overview of the proposed mechanism is provided, along with kinematic and static analyses. To validate the overall proposed hand exoskeleton system, a fully integrated prototype is developed and tested in a series of experimental trials.