bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarithromycin added to bortezomib‐cyclophosphamide‐dexamethasone impairs health‐related quality of life in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Jarden Mary , Frederiksen Henrik , Vangsted Annette Juul , Do Trung , Kristensen Ida Bruun , Frølund Ulf Christian , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Abildgaard Niels , Gregersen Henrik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe Danish Myeloma Study Group initiated a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded phase II study to investigate the efficacy of adding clarithromycin to cyclophosphamide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone (VCD) induction therapy in transplant eligible, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. The study was prematurely terminated due to severe complications, and no effect of adding clarithromycin was found. The aim of this study was to compare health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) between the two groups and to explore the coherence hereof with adverse event (AE) registration by clinicians.MethodsPatients completed three validated HRQoL questionnaires at inclusion, before cyclophosphamide priming, and two months after high‐dose therapy (HDT). The mean score difference was interpreted by clinically relevant differences between groups. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to compare patient‐reported toxicities with AEs.ResultsOf 58 included patients, 55 participated in the HRQoL reporting. Before cyclophosphamide priming, patients in the clarithromycin group reported clinically relevant reduced HRQoL for eleven domains with persistent reduction in four domains two months after HDT. Poor correlation between patient‐reported toxicities and clinician‐reported AEs was observed.ConclusionsDespite the premature study termination, our data demonstrate impaired HRQoL when clarithromycin was added to the VCD regimen. We found clear underreporting of toxicities by clinicians. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02573935.
Striatal cholinergic interneurons regulate cognitive and affective dysfunction in partially dopamine‐depleted mice
Authors: Ztaou Samira , Lhost Juliette , Watabe Isabelle , Torromino Giulia , Amalric Marianne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEarly non‐motor symptoms such as mood disorders and cognitive deficits are increasingly recognised in Parkinson's disease (PD). They may precede the characteristic motor symptomatology caused by dopamine (DA) neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). It is well known that striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) are emerging as key regulators of PD motor symptom, however, their involvement in the cognitive and affective alterations occurring in the premotor phase of PD is poorly understood. We used optogenetic photoinhibition of striatal ChIs in mice with mild nigrostriatal 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesions and assessed their role in anxiety‐like behaviour in the elevated plus maze, social memory recognition of a congener and visuospatial object recognition. In transgenic mice specifically expressing halorhodopsin (eNpHR) in cholinergic neurons, striatal ChIs photoinhibition reduced the anxiety‐like behaviour and reversed social and spatial short‐term memory impairment induced by moderate DA depletion (e.g., 50% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase TH‐positive neurons in the SNc). Systemic injection of telenzepine (0.3 mg/kg), a preferential M1 muscarinic cholinergic receptors antagonist, improved anxiety‐like behaviour, social memory recognition but not spatial memory deficits. Our results suggest that dysfunction of the striatal cholinergic system may play a role in the short‐term cognitive and emotional deficits of partially DA‐depleted mice. Blocking cholinergic activity with M1 muscarinic receptor antagonists may represent a possible therapeutic target, although not exclusive, to modulate these early non‐motor deficits.
Effects of quorum‐sensing inhibition on experimental periodontitis induced by mixed infection in mice
Authors: Ben Amara Heithem , Song Hyun Y. , Ryu Eunju , Park Ji S. , Schwarz Frank , Kim Byeong M. , Choi Bong‐Kyu , Koo Ki‐Tae 
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to verify, in in vivo settings, whether quorum‐sensing inhibition molecules could attenuate alveolar bone loss induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum co‐infection and reduce the bacterial colonization of periodontal tissues. In BALB/c mice, periodontitis was induced through oral inoculation with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum six times during a 42‐d period. Quorum sensing inhibitors (a furanone compound and D‐ribose) were administered simultaneously with bacterial infection. Linear and volumetric modifications of interproximal alveolar bone levels were compared between groups using micro‐computed tomography. Total bacteria, and P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum DNA in periodontal tissues, were quantified using real‐time PCR. Radiographic linear measurements demonstrated a significant reduction of alveolar bone loss, of approximately 40%, in mice treated with quorum sensing inhibitors when compared with the co‐infection group. This was confirmed by a significant increase of residual bone volume in the test group. While total bacterial genes in the treatment group significantly decreased by 93% in periodontal tissue samples when quorum sensing inhibitors were administered, no significant differences of P. gingivalis DNA were found. Quorum sensing inhibitors reduced periodontal breakdown and bacterial infection in periodontal tissues after co‐infection with P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum.
Control mechanisms and ecosystem‐based management of fishery production
Authors: Ye Yimin , Carocci Fabio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFishery ecosystems are complex and influenced by various drivers that operate and interact at different levels and over multiple scales. Here, we propose a holistic methodology to determine the key mechanisms of fisheries, trophodynamics, and environmental drivers of marine ecosystems, using a multilevel model fitted to data on global catch, effort, trophic level, primary production, and temperature for 130 ecosystems from 1950 to 2012. The model describes the spatial‐temporal dynamics of world fisheries very well with a pseudo R2 = 0.75 and estimates the effects of key drivers of fishery production. The results demonstrate the integrative operation of bottom‐up and top‐down regulated trophic interactions at the global level and great variations in their relative importance among different types of ecosystem. The estimation of key drivers’ effects on marine ecosystems provides practical mechanisms for informed ecosystem‐based fisheries management to achieve the sustainable objectives that are consistent with the needs of specific fisheries.
Relationship Distress as a Mediator of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health: Implications for Clinical Practice with Economically Vulnerable Racial and Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Wheeler Naomi J. , Daire Andrew P. , Barden Sejal M. , Carlson Ryan G. 
Published: September 2018

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are interpersonal sources of distress negatively correlated with physical and mental health, as well as maladaptive intimate partner conflict strategies in adulthood. Economically vulnerable racial and ethnic minorities report the greatest disparities in exposure to ACE, as well as relationship distress and health. Yet, little is known about the connections between ACE, relationship distress, and health. We therefore tested a theoretical model for the mediating role of relationship distress to explain the ACE‐health connection with a sample (N = 96) predominantly racial/ethnic minorities (87%) with low income. We applied partial least squares structural equation modeling with bootstrapping (N = 500). Relationship distress strengthened the predictive relationship between ACE and health, and accounted for 42% of the variance in health. The results provide preliminary support for relationship distress as a social determinant of health disparities with implications for interdisciplinary health intervention.
Discovery and screening of novel metagenome‐derived GH107 enzymes targeting sulfated fucans from brown algae
Authors: Schultz‐Johansen Mikkel , Cueff Marie , Hardouin Kévin , Jam Murielle , Larocque Robert , Glaring Mikkel A. , Hervé Cécile , Czjzek Mirjam , Stougaard Peter 
Published: September 2018

Sulfated fucans, often denoted as fucoidans, are highly variable cell wall polysaccharides of brown algae, which possess a wide range of bioactive properties with potential pharmaceutical applications. Due to their complex architecture, the structures of algal fucans have until now only been partly determined. Enzymes capable of hydrolyzing sulfated fucans may allow specific release of defined bioactive oligosaccharides and may serve as a tool for structural elucidation of algal walls. Currently, such enzymes include only a few hydrolases belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 107 (GH107), and little is known about their mechanistics and the substrates they degrade. In this study, we report the identification and recombinant production of three novel GH107 family proteins derived from a marine metagenome. Activity screening against a large substrate collection showed that all three enzymes degraded sulfated fucans from brown algae in the order Fucales. This is in accordance with a hydrolytic activity against α‐1,4‐fucosidic linkages in sulfated fucans as reported for previous GH107 members. Also, the activity screening gave new indications about the structural differences in brown algal cell walls. Finally, sequence analyses allowed identification of the proposed catalytic residues of the GH107 family. The findings presented here form a new basis for understanding the GH107 family of enzymes and investigating the complex sulfated fucans from brown algae.DatabaseThe assembled metagenome and raw sequence data is available at EMBL‐EBI (Study number: PRJEB28480). Sequences of the GH107 fucanases (Fp273, Fp277, and Fp279) have been deposited in GenBank under accessions MH755451–MH755453.
Oral care as a life course project: A qualitative grounded theory study
Authors: Gibson Barry J. , Kettle Jennifer E. , Robinson Peter G. , Walls Angus , Warren Lorna 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo report on a theory to explain the oral health of older people over the life course.BackgroundThe study of ageing has burgeoned into a complex interdisciplinary field of research, yet there are few studies in oral health from the perspective of older people that bridge the gap between sociology and oral health related research.MethodsA grounded theory study involving a convenience sample of 15 men and 28 women aged between 65 and 91 years across different levels of education. Data were subjected to grounded theory analysis using QSR NVivo 11.0 and where relevant phenomenological theory.ResultsParticipants conceived of oral care as a life course project that resulted from an active plan to keep one's teeth into older age. This involved accessing the social world of dentistry, holding appropriate values, understanding the associated personality types, social practices, goals and outcomes. The life course project is a social project supported by social institutions. It involves ideas about appropriate ageing including how oral health is to be managed at different stages in the life course. The degree to which individuals are able to participate in this project is determined by both individual and social factors.ConclusionsThe theory explains why the loss of a single tooth might be experienced as traumatic but also why older people adapt to their changing oral health. Oral health in older age represented a lifetime's investment in oral care. Future health policies should consider this lifetime investment when considering care for older people.
Translation and validation of the Nepalese version of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index
Authors: Agrawal Santosh Kumari , Shrestha Ashish , Bhagat Tarakant 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo translate and validate the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) (Nepali version) from original English version.BackgroundGrowing numbers of elderly people have problems in different aspects of oral health increasing the demand for dental care services among them GOHAI may be one of the effective means of gathering information on oral health problems of the elderly people.Materials and methodsA total of 168 individuals ≥60 years from seven old‐age homes located in Eastern Nepal were included in the study. The Nepali version of GOHAI was translated and validated.ResultsA total of 168 elderly people (79 male and 89 female participants) completed GOHAI questionnaire. The mean age (±SD) of the participants was 72.49 (±10.00) years. The mean GOHAI score (±SD) was 42.29 (±6.93) and ranged from 17 to 59. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the Nepali version of GOHAI (GOHAI‐N) was 0.74, which is categorised as very good agreement. Analysis of discriminant validity showed that lower mean GOHAI score was seen in study participants with more number of missing and decayed teeth. However, those who had more than one filled surface had higher mean GOHAI score.ConclusionThe Nepali version of the GOHAI exhibited acceptable reliability and validity when used for older people residing in old age homes. The GOHAI‐N showed good consistency and homogeneity among the items.
Predicting falls from behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in older people residing in facilities
Authors: Sato Sei , Kakamu Takeyasu , Hayakawa Takehito , Kumagai Tomohiro , Hidaka Tomoo , Masuishi Yusuke , Endo Shota , Fukushima Tetsuhito 
Published: September 2018

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine whether behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia at the time of admission could be a predictor of falls in older people with dementia residing in geriatric health service facilities.MethodsThree geriatric health services facilities located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, were the targeted facilities. Of the 305 people admitted between May 2013 and November 2014, 242 (74 men, 168 women) who scored ≤20 points on the Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised were targeted for analysis. A total of 15 items from the Long‐term Care Certification Questionnaire Group 4 were used to assess behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and were compared by the presence or absence of falls.ResultsOf the 242 participants, 153 were non‐fallers and 89 were fallers. After adjusting for sex, age, Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale‐Revised, degree of care (which showed a significant relationship with falls in univariate analysis), activities of daily living and history of falls, the influence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia on falls was examined, and showed a significant association with falls and a significant increase of hazard ratio for the behavioral symptoms “wandering” 2.23 (95% confidence interval 1.35–3.68) and “agitation” 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.24–3.04).ConclusionsBecause the risk of falling is high for residents who at the time of admission have the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia of “wandering” and “agitation,” it is necessary to predict the possibility of falling at an early stage, monitor the residents and adjust the environment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1573–1577.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a new screening instrument for atypical odontalgia and persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder
Authors: Durham J. , Stone S. J. , Robinson L. J. , Ohrbach R. , Nixdorf D. R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo develop and preliminarily evaluate a new screening instrument for atypical odontalgia (AO) or persistent dentoalveolar pain disorder (PDAP). To evaluate the instrument's performance in detecting AO/PDAP amongst a heterogeneous group of orofacial pain conditions and pain‐free controls and empirically compare its performance with an established neuropathic screening instrument (S‐LANSS), which is the best available standard.MethodsThe study design was cross‐sectional; subjects recruited included a convenience sample of pain‐free controls (n = 21) and four groups of orofacial pain conditions: AO/PDAP (n = 22); trigeminal neuralgia (n = 21); temporomandibular disorder (n = 41); and acute dental pain (n = 41). The instrument's internal reliability and factor structure were examined alongside its sensitivity and specificity and ROC‐determined threshold score.ResultsThe 9 AO/PDAP‐specific items were found to moderately correlate with the S‐LANSS (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). The 14‐items of the full instrument were examined using exploratory factor analysis and reduced to ten items in a two‐factor structure that explained 96% of the variance. This 10‐item final instrument had a ROC area of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67; 0.88), sensitivity of 77% (95% CI: 55; 92%), and specificity of 69% (95% CI: 60; 77%) with an intentionally higher false‐positive rate than false‐negative rate. In contrast, the S‐LANSS exhibited sensitivity of 32% (95% CI: 14;55%) and specificity of 78% (95% CI: 70;85%) with less optimal false‐positive versus false‐negative rates.ConclusionThis preliminary study confirms the new screening instrument for AO/PDAP merits progression to field testing.
Dietary fibre concentrates produced from papaya by‐products for agroindustrial waste valorisation
Authors: Nieto‐Calvache Jhon Edinson , de Escalada Pla Marina , Gerschenson Lía Noemi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this work, papaya agroindustrial wastes were treated with ethanol and subsequently dehydrated to produce pulp or peel dietary fibre concentrates (DFCs). Hot air convection (CV) and microwave (MW) assisted dehydration were studied. The DFCs produced were mainly composed by cell wall polymers such as cellulose, lignin, proteins and non‐cellulosic carbohydrates. It was found that convective drying produced DFCs with lower uronic acid content than microwave drying. Besides, pulp DFCs dehydrated by MW presented higher values for hydration properties, compared to those reported in literature. Peel DFCs presented better antioxidant properties than those from the pulp. Use of peel tissue, as well as CV produced DFCs with higher values of glass transition temperature. The characteristics found in the DFCs allow concluding that these products may be added in a diverse range of food products, granting benefits that would normally be obtained using several additives.
Inflammatory bowel disease incidence, prevalence and 12‐month initial disease course in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Bhatia Rajesh , Yeoh Sern Wei , Vaz Karl , Studd Corrie , Wilson Jarrad , Bell Sally , Otahal Petr , Venn Alison 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) rates have been reported in Australasia, but no state‐wide studies have yet been performed.AimThis study estimates the 1‐year incidence and point prevalence of IBD in the state of Tasmania, Australia. It also reports clinical outcomes after 12 months of diagnosis in an incident cohort.MethodsA prospective, population‐based study was performed collecting prevalent and incident state‐wide cases from 1 June 2013 to 31 May 2014. Case data were identified from specialist doctors, pathology databases and hospital records. Age‐standardised rates (ASR) were calculated based on World Health Organization 2000 standard population characteristics. Incident cases were followed up 12 months after diagnosis.ResultsThere were 1719 prevalent cases: ASR for IBD, Crohn disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) prevalence rates were 303.9, 165.5, 131.4 and 6.9 per 100 000 respectively. Prevalent CD cases were younger, with greater immunomodulator/biological use and bowel resections. There were 149 incident cases: ASR for IBD, CD, UC and IBDU incidence were 29.5, 15.4, 12.4 and 1.7 per 100 000 respectively. Incident CD cases were more likely than UC or IBDU to require escalation of medical therapy, hospitalisation and bowel resection, especially among those with penetrating or stricturing disease. They had a longer duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis.ConclusionIBD prevalence and incidence rates are high in Tasmania, comparable to data from other Australasian studies and those from Northern Europe and America. Poorer 12‐month clinical outcomes occurred in complicated CD, with greater use of healthcare resources.
The Impacts of a Civic Engagement Cohort Program for Water Quality Professionals
Authors: Kallestad Elizabeth , Chazdon Scott , Bohn Hannah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, researchers report the impact study results of University of Minnesota Extension's civic engagement for water quality cohort program. The cohort curriculum highlights Extension's research‐informed, five‐stage civic engagement model emphasizing process design and process management. Using a non‐random comparison group design, a survey was conducted with participants of three civic engagement cohorts for water quality professionals, as well as a comparison group of water quality professionals not part of a cohort. Survey results were aggregated into the five stages of Extension's civic engagement process: prepare, inquire, analyze, synthesize, and act together. Findings indicated cohort participants experienced significantly better results than members of the comparison group in four of the five stages. A strength of Extension's civic engagement model and curriculum is its emphasis on the collective nature and processual aspects of civic engagement work. Cohort participants received training on civic engagement skills, which are not often emphasized in education for water quality professionals. While both groups reported a high frequency of increased civic engagement skills, cohort participants did not report more frequent collaboration or public engagement behaviors than comparison group members. A challenge for those training water quality professionals is instilling the value of civic engagement skills in addition to the more traditional technical skill sets associated with water quality work. Additionally, ongoing training and organizational support is needed for practitioners to effectively implement new skills and leverage new networks.
On the onset of fracture as a silicon‐based polymer converts into the ceramic phase
Authors: Raj Rishi , Pederiva Luca , Narisawa Masaki , Soraru Gian Domenico 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSilicon‐based polymers evolve into refractory ceramics when heated gradually up to ~1000°C. The conversion is accompanied by the loss of gaseous species, and by a two‐fold increase in density. The shrinkage can produce microcracks if the heating rate is too high, or if the specimen is too thick. This communication builds on earlier work whereby the measurement of gas evolution, and its relationship with viscous flow, are related to the onset of fracture in disk‐shaped green (polymer) samples. The onset is determined as a function of the thickness of the disks, and of the heating rate. The results are presented in the form of a processing map. The overlay with gas evolution, and strain‐rate measurements, suggest that fracture initiates with the release of hydrogen and methane, starting at temperatures near 750°C.