bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 11C‐labeled ubiquinone and ubiquinol via Pd0‐mediated rapid C‐[11C]methylation using [11C]methyl iodide and 39‐demethyl‐39‐(pinacolboryl)ubiquinone
Authors: Goto Miki , Nishiyama Akira , Yamaguchi Takao , Watanabe Kyosuke , Fujii Kenji , Watanabe Yasuyoshi , Doi Hisashi 
Published: December 2018

To enable positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the in vivo kinetics of ubiquinone and ubiquinol, which is referred to as coenzyme Q10, their 11C‐radiolabeled counterparts were synthesized herein. 11C‐Labeled ubiquinone [11C]‐1 was realized by Pd‐mediated rapid C‐[11C]methylation of [11C]CH3I with 39‐demethyl‐39‐(pinacolboryl)ubiquinone, prepared by Ru‐catalyzed olefin metathesis of unradiolabeled ubiquinone with 2‐(pinacolboryl)propene. Subsequent reduction of [11C]‐1 using Na2S2O4 yielded 11C‐labeled ubiquinol [11C]‐2. The synthesis time and [11C]CH3I‐based radiochemical yield of [11C]‐1 were within 36 minutes and up to 53%, while those of [11C]‐2 were within 38 minutes and up to 39%, respectively. After radiopharmaceutical formulation, the qualities of [11C]‐1 and [11C]‐2 were confirmed to be applicable for animal PET studies. The analytical values of [11C]‐1 and [11C]‐2 are as follows: radioactivity of up to 3.5 and 1.4 GBq, molar activity of 21 to 78 and 48 to 76 GBq/μmol, radiochemical purity of greater than 99% and greater than 95%, and chemical purity of greater than 99% and 77%, respectively. The concept behind this radiolabeling procedure is that unradiolabeled natural ubiquinone can be converted to 11C‐radiolabeled ubiquinone and ubiquinol via a pinacolborane‐substituted ubiquinone derivative. Each PET probe was used for molecular imaging using rats to investigate the in vivo kinetics and biodistribution of the coenzyme Q10.
Multicomponent structures in camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns
Authors: Suzuki Takao K. , Tomita Shuichiro , Sezutsu Hideki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnderstanding how morphological structures are built is essential for appreciating the morphological complexity and divergence of organisms. One representative case of morphological structures is the camouflage and mimicry of butterfly wing patterns. Some previous studies have questioned whether camouflage and mimicry are truly structures, considering that they rely on coloration. Nevertheless, our recent study revealed that the leaf pattern ofKallima inachusbutterfly wings evolved through the combination of changes in several pigment components in a block‐wise manner; it remains unclear whether such block‐wise structures are common in other cases of camouflage and mimicry in butterflies and how they come about. Previous studies focused solely on a set of homologous components, termed the nymphalid ground plan. In the present study, we extended the scope of the description of components by including not only the nymphalid ground plan but also other common components (i.e., ripple patterns, dependent patterns, and color fields). This extension allowed us to analyze the combinatorial building logic of structures and examine multicomponent structures of camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns. We investigated various patterns of camouflage and mimicry (e.g., masquerade, crypsis, Müllerian mimicry, Batesian mimicry) in nine species and decomposed them into an assembly of multiple components. These structural component analyses suggested that camouflage and mimicry in butterfly wing patterns are built up by combining multiple types of components. We also investigated associations between components and the kinds of camouflage and mimicry. Several components are statistically more often used to produce specific types of camouflage or mimicry. Thus, our work provides empirical evidence that camouflage and mimicry patterns of butterfly wings are mosaic structures, opening up a new avenue of studying camouflage, and mimicry from a structural perspective.
Whole‐lesion ADC histogram analysis and the spondyloarthritis research consortium of canada (SPARCC) MRI index in evaluating the disease activity of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Wang Fengxian , Chu Chen , Zhu Li , Zhao Cheng , Wei Yu , Chen Weibo , He Jian , Sun Lingyun , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundConventional MRI is limited in quantitative evaluation of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) activity states. A comparison of the effectiveness of the whole‐lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis with the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI index in evaluating the disease activity of AS might aid in this assessment.PurposeTo compare the effectiveness of the whole‐lesion ADC histogram analysis with the SPARCC MRI index in evaluating the disease activity states of AS.Study TypeProspective.PopulationA total of 57 AS patients and 27 healthy matched volunteers were included.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T MR including a diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequence (b = 0, 1000 s/mm2).Statistical TestsOne‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's post‐hoc was used to compare the parameters among different groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the Spearman rank correlation were performed to test the diagnostic performance of all parameters in distinguishing different disease activity states and determining the correlations between them.AssessmentAS disease activity states was evaluated according to the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Initial DWI images and corresponding ADC maps were imported into our in‐house software. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn in all slices and the relevant parameters were derived simultaneously. The SPARCC MRI index scores were counted artificially based on T2‐PDW‐SPAIR images.ResultsThe ADCmean, ADC percentiles, and SPARCC MRI index of the active group were significantly higher than the inactive and control groups (all P < 0.001). The 90th percentile could differentiate the inactive from the control group and the low disease activity group from the inactive group (P = 0.011 and 0.006, respectively). The 50th percentile of the high disease activity group was significantly higher than the low group (P = 0.004), while the SPARCC MRI index of the very high disease activity group was higher than the high group (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionThe whole‐volume ADC histogram analysis was superior to the SPARCC MRI index in assessing AS activity states.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:114–126.
A covalently cross‐linked microporous polymer based micro‐solid phase extraction for online analysis of trace pesticide residues in citrus fruits
Authors: Wei Tianfu , Li Gongke , Zhang Zhuomin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCovalently cross‐linked microporous polymers are a new class of highly cross‐linked porous network materials with large surface area and potential superiority in sample pretreatment. In this work, a covalently cross‐linked microporous polymer was well designed and synthesized by condensation of acylhydrazines in terephthalic dihydrazide with aldehyde groups in 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxaldehyde. The adsorption mechanism was explored and discussed based on π‐π stacking interaction and steric effect. Then, a covalently cross‐linked microporous polymer was employed as the adsorbent of online micro‐solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the enrichment and analysis of trace pesticide residues in citrus fruits. The method was successfully applied to the online analysis of sugar orange and Huangdigan samples with the detection limits of 0.10–0.30 μg/kg. It was satisfactory that chlorpifos and triazophos in real sugar orange and Huangdigan samples could be actually found and quantified at concentrations of 0.20 and 0.51 mg/kg, respectively. The recoveries of sugar orange and Huangdigan samples were in the range of 70.0–103 and 74.0–119% with relative standard deviations of 0.4–9.7 and 0.5–9.2% (n = 3), respectively. The proposed method was accurate, reliable, and convenient for the online simultaneous analysis of trace pesticide residues in citrus fruits.
Incorporation of metal‐organic framework amino‐modified MIL‐101 into glycidyl methacrylate monoliths for nano LC separation
Authors: Pérez‐Cejuela Héctor Martínez , Carrasco‐Correa Enrique Javier , Shahat Ahmed , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks consisting of amino‐modified MIL‐101(M: Cr, Al, and Fe) crystals have been synthesized and subsequently incorporated to glycidyl methacrylate monoliths to develop novel stationary phases for nano‐liquid chromatography. Two incorporation approaches of these materials in monoliths were explored. The metal‐organic framework materials were firstly attached to the pore surface through reaction of epoxy groups present in the parent glycidyl methacrylate‐based monolith. Alternatively, NH2‐MIL‐101(M) were admixed in the polymerization mixture. Using short time UV‐initiated polymerization, monolithic beds with homogenously dispersed metal‐organic frameworks were obtained. The chromatographic performance of embedded UV‐initiated composites was demonstrated with separations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs as test solutes. In particular, the incorporation of the NH2‐MIL‐101(Al) into the organic polymer monoliths led to an increase in the retention of all the analytes compared to the parent monolith. The hybrid monolithic columns also exhibited satisfactory run‐to‐run and column‐to‐column reproducibility.
Diagnostic Performance of Multiparametric Transrectal Ultrasound in Localized Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Study With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zhang Mingbo , Tang Jie , Luo Yukun , Wang Yiru , Wu Meng , Memmott Benjamin , Gao Jing 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of multiparametric transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), including grayscale imaging, color Doppler imaging, shear wave elastography, and contrast‐enhanced ultrasound, to that of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, in the diagnosis of localized prostate cancer (PCa; lesions at stage T2 or lower).MethodsSeventy‐eight patients were prospectively enrolled, including 40 in a benign prostate group and 38 in a localized PCa group (≤T2). The diagnostic performance of multiparametric TRUS and multiparametric MRI in detecting localized PCa was analyzed with surgical and biopsy pathologic results as the references.ResultsMultiparametric TRUS had higher sensitivity, negative predictive value, and accuracy than multiparametric MRI (97.4% versus 94.7%, 96.9% versus 92.3%, and 87.2% versus 76.9%, respectively) for detecting localized PCa. The mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ± SD for multiparametric TRUS was 0.874 ± 0.043 (95% confidence interval, 0.790–0.959), and it was 0.774 ± 0.055 (95% confidence interval, 0.666–0.881) for multiparametric MRI.ConclusionsOur results suggest that multiparametric TRUS has high diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of localized PCa. Multiparametric TRUS is compatible with multiparametric MRI in the detection of localized PCa (≤T2).
Rates of sialoendoscopy and sialoadenectomy in 5,111 adults with private insurance
Authors: Vila Peter M. , Olsen Margaret A. , Piccirillo Jay F. , Ogden M. Allison 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo determine frequencies and trends in sialoendoscopy and sialoadenectomy for the treatment of obstructive, nonneoplastic submandibular gland disease in the United States.MethodsEpidemiologic study of insurance claims from 2006 to 2013 in a large, private insurance claims database. Rates were calculated for patients undergoing one or both index procedures.ResultsA total of 5,111 adults with sialadenitis who underwent sialoendoscopy or submandibular gland excision were included. Mean age was 47.6 years, and patients undergoing sialoendoscopy were less likely to be male (relative risk [RR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78–0.89), more likely to have sialoadenitis without stones (RR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.53–1.66), and had a similar number of comorbidities (RR = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.91–1.06) compared to patients undergoing sialoadenectomy. The most common complication after sialoadenectomy was surgical site infection (1.4%; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8%), and complications after sialoendoscopy were rare. From 2007 to 2013, use of sialoendoscopy increased from 0.13 (95% CI, 0.08–0.18) to 0.42 (95% CI, 0.40–0.45) per 100 thousand people, and sialoadenectomy decreased from 2.41 (95% CI, 2.39–2.42) to 1.43 (95% CI, 1.40–1.44) per 100 thousand. The highest mean rate of sialadenectomy was seen in the south (2.15 per 100,000; 95% CI, 2.13–2.16), the lowest was in the west (1.6 per 100,000; 95% CI, 1.57–1.62), and it decreased in all regions over time.ConclusionUtilization of sialoendoscopy has increased over time, and the overall rate of sialoadenectomy is decreasing. Both procedures are safe for treatment of patients with sialadenitis and sialolithiasis. Future research should examine whether availability of sialoendoscopy leads to a decreased rate of sialoadenectomy in patients with salivary gland disease.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 129:602–606, 2019
Tribological behavior of zirconium phosphate‐1,4‐dimethylpiperazine compound as lubricant additives
Authors: Niu Wenxing , Liu Lei , Xu Hong , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractZirconium phosphate compound, [C6H16N2]0.5Zr‐(H0.5PO4)2•H2O designated as ZrPO4‐DES8 have been synthesised hydrothermally in the presence of 1,4‐dimethylpiperazine (DMP). In this study, small (0.5‐0.8 μm) and large (8‐10 μm) ZrPO4‐DES8 particles were obtained by varying the amount of H3PO4 in the HF ‐ ZrO2‐P2O5‐DMP‐H2O hydrothermal system. The tribological properties of ZrPO4‐DES8 particles as additives in lithium grease were evaluated by using a ball‐on‐disk reciprocating tribometer under different concentrations, loads, and frequencies. The results illustrated that ZrPO4‐DES8 particles improved the lubricating performance of grease substantially. The small‐sized particles exhibited better and more stable friction reduction and anti‐wear performance than larger ones during sliding. The characterisation of a possible wear mechanism was given by observing the worn surface under a three‐dimensional optical profiler, a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The simple synthetic method and superior tribological properties make the ZrPO4‐DES8 become a choice for lubricant additives.
Some transfinite natural sums
Authors: Lipparini Paolo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe study a transfinite iteration of the ordinal Hessenberg natural sum obtained by taking suprema at limit stages. We show that such an iterated natural sum differs from the more usual transfinite ordinal sum only for a finite number of iteration steps. The iterated natural sum of a sequence of ordinals can be obtained as a mixed sum (in an order‐theoretical sense) of the ordinals in the sequence; in fact, it is the largest mixed sum which satisfies a finiteness condition. We introduce other infinite natural sums which are invariant under permutations and show that all the sums under consideration coincide in the countable case.
Categoricity and universal classes
Authors: Hyttinen Tapani , Kangas Kaisa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLet be a universal class with categorical in a regular with arbitrarily large models, and let be the class of all for which there is such that . We prove that is totally categorical (i.e., ξ‐categorical for all ) and for . This result is partially stronger and partially weaker than a related result due to Vasey. In addition to small differences in our categoricity transfer results, we provide a shorter and simpler proof. In the end we prove the main theorem of this paper: the models of are essentially vector spaces (or trivial, i.e., disintegrated).
Controlled‐Release LCST‐Type Nonwoven Depots via Squeezing‐Out Thermal Response
Authors: Käfer Florian , Vilensky Rita , Vasilyev Gleb , Zussman Eyal , Agarwal Seema 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel thermoresponsive fibrous matrix as controlled release depots upon heating is described. The matrix is composed of electrospun fibers of a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)‐type poly(methacrylamide‐co‐N‐tert‐butylacrylamide‐co‐4‐acryloylbenzophenone) P(MAAm‐NtbAAm‐ABP) copolymer. Spherical particles, simulating depots of drugs, are embedded with liquid‐filled inter‐fiber spaces (pores). On heating above 25 °C up to 45 °C, the nanofibers undergo a contraction of about 40%. This solid deformation is attributed to the LCST transition. Fibrous matrix contraction drives expulsion of depots and water solution stored in the pores of the matrix, as evidenced by in situ observations. The liquid flow in the deformable porous medium demonstrates liquid drainage from the matrix as a function of temperature. Experimental results reveal that 70% of the particles are expelled from the matrix upon heating to 45 °C from room temperature. The presented particles encapsulation and release model system using LCST‐type fibrous matrix can be used as a transdermal patch.
Identification of genes associated with cancer progression and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma: Analyses based on microarray from Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases
Authors: Liu Wei , Ouyang Songyun , Zhou Zhigang , Wang Meng , Wang Tingting , Qi Yu , Zhao Chunling , Chen Kuisheng , Dai Liping 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for approximately 40% of all lung cancer patients. There is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms of cancer progression in LUAD and to identify useful biomarkers to predict prognosis.MethodsIn this study, Oncomine database was used to identify potential genes contributed to cancer progression. Bioinformatics analysis including pathway enrichment and text mining was used to explain the potential roles of identified genes in LUAD. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the association of gene expression with survival result.ResultsOur results indicated that 80 genes were significantly dysregulated in LUAD according to four microarrays covering 356 cases of LUAD and 164 cases of normal lung tissues. Twenty genes were consistently and stably dysregulated by more than twofold. Ten of 20 genes had a relationship with overall survival or disease‐free survival in a cohort of 516 LUAD patients, and 19 genes were associated with tumor stage, gender, age, lymph node, or smoking. Low expression of AGER and high expression of CCNB1 were specifically associated with poor survival.ConclusionOur findings implicate AGER and CCNB1 might be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis targets for LUAD.
Distal nerve transfer from the median nerve lumbrical fibers to the distal ulnar nerve motor branches in the palm: An anatomical cadaveric study
Authors: Colonna Michele R. , Pino Davide , Battiston Bruno , d'Alcontres Francesco Stagno , Natsis Konstantinos , Bassetto Franco , Papadopulos Nikolaos A. , Tiengo Cesare , Geuna Stefano 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe aim of the current study is to investigate the first and second lumbrical nerves as potential fibers donors to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve to avoid intrinsic atrophy in high ulnar nerve injuries.MethodsSixteen fresh frozen cadaveric hands were dissected, the radial lumbrical nerves accessed, and a coaptation, either in reverse end‐to‐side or in double end‐to‐side through a bridge nerve graft, was created to the deep motor branch of ulnar nerve.Semithin sections were taken from samples of donor and recipient nerves for qualitative (nerve architecture) and quantitative studies (fiber count and donor/recipient ratio).ResultsThe first lumbrical showed a robust trunk and a superior axon density (9,126.50 ± 2,923.41 axons/mm2) to the ulnar motor branch (7,506.50 ± 1,137.50 axons/mm2 distal to the opponens tunnel and 7,947.75 ± 1,741.24 axons/mm2 before its terminal branching); the ulnar motor branch showed a higher axon number (2,633.51 ± 410.00 distal to the opponens tunnel and 2,345.75 ± 2,101.56 before its terminal branching) than the first lumbrical (1,410.56 ± 823.89); section areas occupied by axons were higher in proximal (0.20 ± 0.16) and distal (0.26 ± 0.20) ulnar samples than the first lumbrical (0.17 ± 0.16).Donor/recipient ratio first lumbrical/deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve were 1:1.86 (distal to the opponens tunnel) and 1:1.67 (at its terminal branching); data about the second lumbrical were ruled out because of bias.ConclusionsA transfer from the first lumbrical nerve to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve in palm is suitable to avoid intrinsic atrophy.
Reconstruction of laryngopharyngectomy defects: Comparison between the supraclavicular artery island flap, the radial forearm flap, and the anterolateral thigh flap
Authors: Reiter Maximilian , Baumeister Philipp 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the application of the supraclavicular artery island flap (SCAIF) for the reconstruction of laryngopharyngectomy defects in comparison with reconstructions with the anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) and the radial forearm flap (RFF).Patients and methodsA retrospective study was performed. We compared indications for surgery, reconstructive techniques, operative time, time of hospitalization, and complication rates between patients treated with SCAIF, RFF and ALT following laryngopharyngectomy. Seventy‐seven patients were included, 18 underwent reconstruction with SCAIF (23%), 36 with RFF (47%), and 22 with ALT (29%). Seventy‐five laryngopharyngectomies (97%) were performed due to oncologic indications, 27 patients (35%) had been treated with prior radiotherapy. Fifty‐seven defects (74%) were partial defects, whereas 20 (26%) were circumferential.ResultsNo statistical differences in operative time between the groups (298 min ± 53 [SCAIF] vs 301 min ± 54 [ALT] vs 302 min ± 47 [RFF]; P = .806) were observed. Preoperative radiation was found to be an independent risk factor for flap loss (P < .001), the development of fistula (P = .032), and pharyngeal stenosis (P = .034) in our cohort. Nevertheless, no differences between the different groups were detected (fistula rate: 11% [SCAIF] vs 14% [ALT] vs 11% [RFF]; P = .944, stenosis rate: 11% [SCAIF] vs 14% [ALT] vs16% [RFF]; P = .874, gastric tube dependency: 28% [SCAIF] vs 23% [ALT] vs16% [RFF]; P = .590).ConclusionThe SCAIF is an equivalent alternative compared to well‐established techniques, such as the RFF and the ALT regarding reconstruction of defects after laryngopharyngectomy.