bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filamin A Is Required for Optimal T Cell Integrin-Mediated Force Transmission, Flow Adhesion, and T Cell Trafficking
Authors: Savinko Terhi , Guenther Carla , Uotila Liisa M. , Llort Asens Marc , Yao Sean , Tojkander Sari , Fagerholm Susanna C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
T cells traffic from the bloodstream into tissues to perform their functions in the immune system and are therefore subjected to a range of different mechanical forces. Integrins are essential for T cell trafficking into the tissues, as they mediate firm adhesion between the T cell and the endothelium under shear flow conditions. In addition, integrins are important for the formation of the contact between the T cell and the APC required for T cell activation. The actin-binding protein filamin A (FlnA) provides an important link between the integrin and the actin cytoskeleton. FlnA has been reported to function as an integrin inhibitor by competing with talin. However, its role in regulating integrin-dependent immune functions in vivo is currently poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated the role of FlnA in T cells, using T cell–specific FlnA knockout mice. We report that FlnA is required for the formation of strong integrin–ligand bonds under shear flow and for the generation of integrin-mediated T cell traction forces on ligand-coated hydrogels. Consequently, absence of FlnA leads to a reduction in T cell adhesion to integrin ligands under conditions of shear flow, as well as reduced T cell trafficking into lymph nodes and sites of skin inflammation. In addition, FlnA is not needed for T cell activation in vivo, which occurs in shear-free conditions in lymphoid organs. Our results therefore reveal a role of FlnA in integrin force transmission and T cell trafficking in vivo.
Comparison of Disease Activity Score in 28 joints with ESR (DAS28), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) & Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data with 3 measures (RAPID3) for assessing disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis at initial presentation
Authors: Kumar B. Siddhartha , Suneetha P. , Mohan Alladi , Kumar D. Prabath , Sarma K.V.S. 
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), disease severity assessment is done using Disease Activity Score in 28 joints with ESR (DAS28). Computing DAS28 is time-consuming, requires laboratory testing and an online calculator. There is a need to validate rapid methods of disease severity assessment for routine daily use. This study was conducted to compare DAS28, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data with 3 measures (RAPID3) to assess the disease activity in patients with RA.

Methods:
We prospectively studied the utility of CDAI, HAQ-DI and RAPID3 scoring in 100 consecutive newly diagnosed, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) naïve adult patients with RA seen during January 2013 and June 2014 at a tertiary care teaching hospital in south India.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 42.1±11.6 yr, there were 82 females. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] symptom duration was 6 (range 4-12) months. The median (IQR) DAS28, CDAI, HAQ-DI and RAPID3 scores at presentation were 7 (6-7), 36 (28-43), 2 (1-2) and 17 (13-19), respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between DAS28 and CDAI (r=0.568; P<0.001); DAS28 and HAQ-DI (r=0.304; P=0.002) and DAS28 and RAPID3 (r=0.404; P<0.001). A ‘slight-to-fair’ agreement was observed in between DAS28 and CDAI (kappa-statistic=0.296). The agreement between DAS28 and HAQ-DI (kappa-statistic=0.007) and RAPID3 (kappa-statistic=0.072) was less robust.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In adult patients with RA, in the setting where illiteracy is high, CDAI emerged as the preferred choice for rapid assessment of severity of disease at the time of initial presentation.
Patients and Consumers
Authors: Downie R 
Published: March 2018

Successive governments of the UK have strongly supported two policies: an NHS free at the point of delivery, and the encouragement of consumer choice. It was natural for governments to think that amalgamating the policies would increase patient satisfaction, improve efficiency and save money. There are many reasons why this has not been well-received by patients and doctors and has not saved money, but the underlying problem is that there is a conceptual misfit between healthcare as public policy and as individual responsibility. Patients in the NHS cannot become consumers and doctors cannot become suppliers of goods and services.
Comparison of Children With and Without ADHD on a New Pictorial Self-Assessment of Executive Functions
Authors: Bar-Ilan Ruthie Traub , Cohen Noa , Maeir Adina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the Pictorial Interview of Children’s Metacognition and Executive Functions’ (PIC–ME’s) reliability and validity, targeting children’s appraisal of their executive function (EF) in daily life.
METHOD. One hundred children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 44 typically developing children (ages 5–10 yr) completed the PIC–ME. Parents completed the PIC–ME and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF).
RESULTS. Cronbach’s α for the child PIC–ME was .914. A high correlation was found between the parent PIC–ME total and the BRIEF (r = .724). Comparisons between groups revealed significant differences on the parent PIC–ME (p &lt; .0001) but none on the child PIC–ME. Children with ADHD identified a median of eight EF challenges they wanted to set as treatment goals.
CONCLUSION. Results support the PIC–ME’s initial reliability and validity among children with ADHD. Children were able to identify several EF challenges and engage in goal setting.
Diurnal variation in middle-atmospheric ozone observed by ground-based microwave radiometry at Ny-Ålesund over 1 year
Authors: Schranz Franziska , Fernandez Susana , Kämpfer Niklaus , Palm Mathias 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present an analysis of the diurnal ozone cycle from 1 year of continuous ozone measurements from two ground-based microwave radiometers in the Arctic. The instruments GROMOS-C and OZORAM are located at the AWIPEV research base at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (79° N, 12° E), and gathered a comprehensive time series of middle-atmospheric ozone profiles with a high time resolution. An intercomparison was performed with EOS MLS and ozone sonde measurements and simulations with SD-WACCM. The measured data sets were used to study the photochemically induced diurnal cycle of ozone in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Throughout the year the insolation in the Arctic changes drastically from polar night to polar day. Accordingly, the seasonal variations in the diurnal ozone cycle are large. In the stratosphere we found a diurnal cycle throughout the entire period of polar day with the largest amplitude in April. In the mesosphere a diurnal cycle was detected in spring and fall. SD-WACCM has been proven to capture the diurnal cycle well and was therefore used to analyse the chemical reaction rates of ozone production and loss at equinox and summer solstice. Furthermore GROMOS-C proved capable of measuring the tertiary ozone layer above Ny-Ålesund in winter.
Design and development of a novel monolithic compliant XY stage with centimeter travel range and high payload capacity
Authors: Fan Shixun , Liu Hua , Fan Dapeng 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This article proposes a novel monolithic compliant spatial parallel XY stage (SPXYS). An important feature of the SPXYS lies in that it can deliver centimeter travel range and sustain large out-of-plane payload while possessing a compact structure, which makes the SPXYS suitable for some special applications such as Ultra-Violet Nanoimprint Lithography and soft-contact lithography. Different from conventional compliant positioning stages, the proposed SPXYS consists of a monolithic spatial parallel linear compliant mechanism (SPLCM) driven by four matching designed voice coil motors (VCMs). The moving platform of the stage is connected to the base by four spatial prismatic-prismatic (PP) joints, which are enveloped from planar PP joint based on the position space reconfiguration (PSR) method to realize desired travel range, payload capacity and compact size. The mechatronic model of the SPXYS is established by integrated using matrix structural analysis (MSA) and the method of images. The design flow chart of the SPXYS is given based on the key parameter sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, a reified SPXYS is designed and manufactured. The analytical design of the stage is confirmed by experiments. The reified stage has a travel range of 20.4 × 20.6 mm2, a compact structure with area ratio 1.87 %, and the resonant frequencies of the two working modes at 22.98 and 21.31 Hz. It can track a circular trajectory with the radius of 4.5 mm. The root mean squares (RMS) tracking error is 2 µm. The positioning resolution is 100 nm. The payload capacity test shows that the reified stage can bear 20 kg out-of-plane payload.
Socioeconomic status and children’s need for hospital services. Implications for need-based resource allocation models
Authors: Kaarboe Oddvar , Carlsen Fredrik 
Published: March 2018

We investigate whether parents´ socioeconomic status affects children´s need for hospital services, and potential implications for need-based resource allocation models. Data are from somatic hospital stays by children below the age of 11 in Norway in 2011. Socioeconomic status is measured by parents’ educational level or income. We find that the educational gradient is dominating the income gradient, and the effects are strong: Hospital expenditures of a child whose mother (father) has not completed secondary education are 51 % (42%) higher than average expenditures. The effect of parents´ educational level is strongest for the youngest children and is mainly due to emergency care. Since we find a negative correlation between the educational attainment and hospital expenditures, we argue that education level of parents should be included in the need-based resource allocation model. Published: Online September 2017. In print December 2017.
Single Accreditation System Update: A Year of Progress
Authors: Buser Boyd R. , Swartwout James E. , Biszewski Maura , Lischka Terri 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In 2014, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) agreed to establish a new, single accreditation system for graduate medical education in the United States. The 5-year transition period, from July 1, 2015, through June 30, 2020, gives AOA training programs time to apply for and receive ACGME accreditation before the AOA ceases its postdoctoral accreditation functions. This article discusses policies to protect osteopathic residents during training, addresses program size, reviews progress at the midpoint of the 5-year transition, and looks at next steps in the establishment of the single accreditation system.
Splenic Primary Follicular Lymphoma With Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of a Case
Authors: Hamura Ryoga , Shiba Hiroaki , Shirai Yoshihiro , Furukawa Kenei , Horiuchi Takashi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2018

Introduction:
Primary splenic lymphoma is a rare condition that accounts for approximately 1% of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. No primary splenic follicular lymphoma with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has been reported in the literature.

Case presentation:
A 41-year-old man was diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and received steroid maintenance treatment with oral prednisolone 13 mg/d for 6 years. However, the platelet counts were 20 × 103 /μL or less. Abdominal enhanced computer tomography (CT) revealed splenomegaly. He underwent laparoscopic splenectomy after preoperative high-dose immunoglobulin preparation (30 mg/d intravenously for 5 days) which were effective in the improvement of platelets count (130 × 103 /μL). The histologic diagnosis was B cell type follicular lymphoma of the spleen. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a t(14; 18)(q32; q21) translocation, which supported the diagnosis of primary follicular lymphoma of the spleen. After the operation, the patient showed satisfactory recovery, and was discharged on postoperative day 7. He remains well with the platelet count of more than 200 × 103 / μl without medication. We herein report such a case.

Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of splenic primary follicular lymphoma with ITP.
SRARP and HSPB7 are epigenetically regulated gene pairs that function as tumor suppressors and predict clinical outcome in malignancies
Authors: Naderi Ali 
Published: March 2018

Deletions of chromosome 1p36 are common in cancers; however, despite extensive studies, there has been limited success for discovering candidate tumor suppressors in this region. SRARP has recently been identified as a novel corepressor of the androgen receptor (AR) and is located on chromosome 1p36. Here, bioinformatics analysis of large tumor datasets was performed to study SRARP and its gene pair, HSPB7. In addition, using cancer cell lines, mechanisms of SRARP and HSPB7 regulation and their molecular functions were investigated. This study demonstrated that SRARP and HSPB7 are a gene pair located 5.2 kb apart on 1p36.13 and are inactivated by deletions and epigenetic silencing in malignancies. Importantly, SRARP and HSPB7 have tumor suppressor functions in clonogenicity and cell viability associated with the downregulation of Akt and ERK. SRARP expression is inversely correlated with genes that promote cell proliferation and signal transduction, which supports its functions as a tumor suppressor. In addition, AR exerts dual regulatory effects on SRARP, and although an increased AR activity suppresses SRARP transcription, a minimum level of AR activity is required to maintain baseline SRARP expression in AR+ cancer cells. Furthermore, as observed with SRARP, HSPB7 interacts with the 14‐3‐3 protein, presenting a shared molecular feature between SRARP and HSPB7. Of note, genome‐ and epigenome‐wide associations of SRARP and HSPB7 with survival strongly support their tumor suppressor functions. In particular, DNA hypermethylation, lower expression, somatic mutations, and lower copy numbers of SRARP are associated with worse cancer outcome. Moreover, DNA hypermethylation and lower expression of SRARP in normal adjacent tissues predict poor survival, suggesting that SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis. In summary, SRARP and HSPB7 are tumor suppressors that are commonly inactivated in malignancies. SRARP inactivation is an early event in carcinogenesis that is strongly associated with worse survival, presenting potential translational applications.
Formation of 30 KeV Proton Isotropic Boundaries During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Dubyagin S. , Ganushkina N. Yu. , Sergeev V. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe study the origin of the 30 keV proton isotropic boundary (IB) in the nightside auroral zone during geomagnetic storms, particularly, to address the recent results that the adiabaticity parameter K (ratio of the magnetic field line curvature radius to the particle gyroradius at the equator) on the IB field line can be much larger comparing to its theoretical estimate K ∼ 8 for the field line curvature (FLC) scattering mechanism. During nine storms in 2011–2013, we investigate ∼2,000 IBs observed by low‐altitude Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) satellites and apply the TS05 magnetospheric model to estimate the K value in the equatorial part of the IB field line. The statistical distribution of the estimated K parameter, while being rather broad, is centered on K = 9–13. For smaller subset of ∼250 IBs, the concurrent magnetic field measurements on board Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction During Substorms probes in the equatorial magnetotail were used to correct the estimated K‐values accounting for the TS05 deviations from the real magnetic configuration. After correction, the K distribution becomes narrower, being still centered on K = 9–12. Different estimates give percentages of events with K < 13, which can be attributed to IBs formed by FLC scattering, between 60% and 80%. Finally, we have not found any dependence of the K distribution on magnetic local time and IB latitude, except for events with IB located at extremely low latitudes (<59°). These findings imply that the FLC scattering is a dominant mechanism of IB formation operating in a variety of magnetospheric conditions.
Dipolarization Fronts With Associated Energized Electrons in Saturn's Magnetotail
Authors: Smith A. W. , Jackman C. M. , Thomsen M. F. , Sergis N. , Mitchell D. G. , Roussos E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present a statistical study of dipolarization fronts within Saturn's magnetotail. Automated methods were used to identify 28 significant southward rotations of the field coupled with enhancements in the electron energy. The observed dipolarizations cover the majority of the magnetotail, though possess a strong dawn‐dusk asymmetry (79% occur postmidnight). Almost half (43%) of dipolarizations occur within 3 hr of another event, though these chains are solely observed postmidnight. Most pitch angle distributions of the heated electron populations show increased relative fluxes parallel or perpendicular to the field, likely due to nonlocal heating effects. The electron temperature and density following the passage of a front are anticorrelated; the temperature increases are accompanied by a decrease in their density. The temperature increases by factors of 4–12, while the density drops by factors of 3–10. Premidnight events consistently show the smallest relative heating and density depletion, suggesting they are observed closer to their generation. In contrast, the location of the postmidnight x‐line is inferred to be more variable, with a large variety of heating factors observed. Forty percent of the events show a strong reduction in water (W+) group fraction, likely related to either the preferential loss of equatorial heavy ions in departing plasmoids or the closure of open field. Two of these events show significant compositional changes suggesting the addition of plasma of external origin; we suggest that these events involved the closure of open field.
Direct Measurements of Mean Reynolds Stress and Ripple Roughness in the Presence of Energetic Forcing by Surface Waves
Authors: Scully Malcolm E. , Trowbridge John H. , Sherwood Christopher R. , Jones Katie R. , Traykovski Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDirect covariance observations of the mean flow Reynolds stress and sonar images of the seafloor collected on a wave‐exposed inner continental shelf demonstrate that the drag exerted by the seabed on the overlying flow is consistent with boundary layer models for wave‐current interaction, provided that the orientation and anisotropy of the bed roughness are appropriately quantified. Large spatial and temporal variations in drag result from nonequilibrium ripple dynamics, ripple anisotropy, and the orientation of the ripples relative to the current. At a location in coarse sand characterized by large two‐dimensional orbital ripples, the observed drag shows a strong dependence on the relative orientation of the mean current to the ripple crests. At a contrasting location in fine sand, where more isotropic sub‐orbital ripples are observed, the sensitivity of the current to the orientation of the ripples is reduced. Further, at the coarse site under conditions when the currents are parallel to the ripple crests and the wave orbital diameter is smaller than the wavelength of the relic orbital ripples, the flow becomes hydraulically smooth. This transition is not observed at the fine site, where the observed wave orbital diameter is always greater than the wavelength of the observed sub‐orbital ripples. Paradoxically, the dominant along‐shelf flows often experience lower drag at the coarse site than at the fine site, despite the larger ripples, highlighting the complex dynamics controlling drag in wave‐exposed environments with heterogeneous roughness.
Diapycnal Mixing in the Southern Ocean Diagnosed Using the DIMES Tracer and Realistic Velocity Fields
Authors: Mackay Neill , Ledwell James R. , Messias Marie‐José , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Brearley J. Alexander , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Jones Daniel C. , Watson Andrew J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this work, we use realistic isopycnal velocities with a 3‐D eddy diffusivity to advect and diffuse a tracer in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, beginning in the Southeast Pacific and progressing through Drake Passage. We prescribe a diapycnal diffusivity which takes one value in the SE Pacific west of 67°W and another value in Drake Passage east of that longitude, and optimize the diffusivities using a cost function to give a best fit to experimental data from the DIMES (Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean) tracer, released near the boundary between the Upper and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water. We find that diapycnal diffusivity is enhanced 20‐fold in Drake Passage compared with the SE Pacific, consistent with previous estimates obtained using a simpler advection‐diffusion model with constant, but different, zonal velocities east and west of 67°W. Our result shows that diapycnal mixing in the ACC plays a significant role in transferring buoyancy within the Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Wind‐Driven Cross‐Shelf Exchange—West Spitsbergen Current as a Source of Heat and Salt for the Adjacent Shelf in Arctic Winters
Authors: Goszczko Ilona , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Onarheim Ingrid H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCross‐shelf exchange can drive substantial hydrographic changes on shelves and along slopes. In this study, time series from moorings, profiles collected by a tagged seal, atmospheric reanalysis data, and weather regimes classification were used to investigate cross‐shelf exchange at the slope‐shelf interface south‐west of Spitsbergen during the four winters 2011–2014. Assessment of Ekman transport (ET) as a driving force and linking cross‐shelf exchange to large‐scale weather patterns were in focus. Strong positive correlations were found between zonal ET and hydrographic observations on the shelf, indicating its strong impact on cross‐shelf exchange. Strong negative correlations were found between the meridional ET and temperature and salinity measured on the shelf in winter 2012, indicating a suppressing role of westerly winds on fresher and colder outflows from the Barents Sea. The ETs in a wider area near the Svalbard Archipelago show substantial variations on short‐term, interannual and long‐term time scales due to changes in large‐scale atmospheric patterns. The regional wind speed shows a significant negative trend in winters between 1992 and 2016. At the same time, cumulative winter zonal ET increased on the north‐western Spitsbergen shelf, indicating a higher overall cross‐shelf exchange along the western Spitsbergen shelf break, while meridional ET south‐west of Spitsbergen decreased, indicating a reduced outflow of fresher and colder water from the Barents Sea. For the time period between 1980 and 2016, the winter air and sea surface temperatures (sea‐ice fraction) exhibit significant positive (negative) trends which even multiplied by factor of 2–3 in winters 2004–2016.