bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal Profile of the QTc Interval Following Moxifloxacin Administration
Authors: Täubel Jörg , Ferber Georg , Fernandes Sara , Camm A. John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the physiological fluctuations in the corrected QT (QTc) interval is important to accurately interpret the variations in drug‐induced prolongation. The present study aimed to define the time course of the effect of moxifloxacin on the QT interval to understand the duration of the responses to moxifloxacin. This retrospective analysis was performed on data taken from a thorough QT 4‐way crossover study with 40 subjects. Each period consisted of a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) day (day –1) and a treatment day (day 1). On both days, ECGs were recorded simultaneously using 2 different systems operating in parallel: a bedside ECG and a continuous Holter recording. The subjects were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: 5 mg and 40 mg of intravenous amisulpride, a single oral dose of moxifloxacin (400 mg), or placebo. Standardized meals, identical in all 4 periods, with similar nutritional value were served. Bedside ECG results confirmed that the moxifloxacin peak effect was delayed in the fed state and showed that the Fridericia corrected QT prolongation induced by moxifloxacin persisted until the end of the 24‐hour measurement period. The use of continuous Holter monitoring provided further insight, as it revealed that the moxifloxacin effect on QTc was influenced by diurnal and nocturnal environmental factors, and hysteresis effects were noticeable. The findings suggested that moxifloxacin prolongs QTc beyond its elimination from the blood circulation. This is of relevance to current concentration‐effect modeling approaches, which presume the absence of hysteresis effects.
Expert consensus statement on the science of HIV in the context of criminal law
Authors: Barré‐Sinoussi Françoise , Abdool Karim Salim S , Albert Jan , Bekker Linda‐Gail , Beyrer Chris , Cahn Pedro , Calmy Alexandra , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Grulich Andrew , Kamarulzaman Adeeba , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Loutfy Mona R , El Filali Kamal M , Mboup Souleymane , Montaner Julio SG , Munderi Paula , Pokrovsky Vadim , Vandamme Anne‐Mieke , Young Benjamin , Godfrey‐Faussett Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionGlobally, prosecutions for non‐disclosure, exposure or transmission of HIV frequently relate to sexual activity, biting, or spitting. This includes instances in which no harm was intended, HIV transmission did not occur, and HIV transmission was extremely unlikely or not possible. This suggests prosecutions are not always guided by the best available scientific and medical evidence.DiscussionTwenty scientists from regions across the world developed this Expert Consensus Statement to address the use of HIV science by the criminal justice system. A detailed analysis of the best available scientific and medical research data on HIV transmission, treatment effectiveness and forensic phylogenetic evidence was performed and described so it may be better understood in criminal law contexts. Description of the possibility of HIV transmission was limited to acts most often at issue in criminal cases. The possibility of HIV transmission during a single, specific act was positioned along a continuum of risk, noting that the possibility of HIV transmission varies according to a range of intersecting factors including viral load, condom use, and other risk reduction practices. Current evidence suggests the possibility of HIV transmission during a single episode of sex, biting or spitting ranges from no possibility to low possibility. Further research considered the positive health impact of modern antiretroviral therapies that have improved the life expectancy of most people living with HIV to a point similar to their HIV‐negative counterparts, transforming HIV infection into a chronic, manageable health condition. Lastly, consideration of the use of scientific evidence in court found that phylogenetic analysis alone cannot prove beyond reasonable doubt that one person infected another although it can be used to exonerate a defendant.ConclusionsThe application of up‐to‐date scientific evidence in criminal cases has the potential to limit unjust prosecutions and convictions. The authors recommend that caution be exercised when considering prosecution, and encourage governments and those working in legal and judicial systems to pay close attention to the significant advances in HIV science that have occurred over the last three decades to ensure current scientific knowledge informs application of the law in cases related to HIV.
Anti-TNF-α restricts dengue virus-induced neuropathy
Authors: Jhan Ming-Kai , HuangFu Wei-Chun , Chen Yi-Fan , Kao Jo-Chi , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Ho Min-Ru , Shen Ting-Jing , Tseng Po-Chun , Wang Yung-Ting , Lin Chiou-Feng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Proinflammatory TNF-α facilitates dengue virus (DENV) infection in endovascular dysfunction and neurotoxicity. The introduction of TNF-α blocking therapy with Abs is performed to test its therapeutic effect in this study. In DENV-infected mice, TNF-α production in the brain accompanied the progression of neurotoxicity and encephalitis. DENV infection caused the loss of hippocampal neurons with TNF-α expression around damaged regions, and immunostaining showed the induction of apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. TNF-α was expressed in active microglia and astrocytes in DENV-infected mice. TNF-α facilitated DENV-induced neurotoxicity in vitro in murine Neuro-2a cells. Using a currently established encephalitic mouse model in which DENV infection causes progressive hunchback posture, limbic seizures, limbic weakness, paralysis, and lethality 7 days postinfection, we showed that TNF-α transgenic mice represented the progressive disease development and administration of neutralizing TNF-α Ab reduced dengue encephalitis and mortality. These results demonstrate an immunopathogenesis of TNF-α for mediating DENV-induced encephalitis-associated neurotoxicity and that targeting TNF-α can be used as a strategy against dengue encephalitis.
Dengue virus infection induces TNF-α expression around the damaged neuronal cells in the brain while TNF-α blockade ameliorates dengue neurotoxicity and encephalitis.
Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and physical properties under no‐till and conventional tillage cotton‐based systems in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Souza Leticia Helena Campos , Matos Eduardo da Silva , Magalhães Ciro Augusto de Souza , de la Torre Élio R. , Lamas Fernando Mendes , Lal Rattan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate soil C and N stocks and soil physical properties under a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) based system using no‐till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). The experiment was established as a randomized block design with four replications of six treatments as follows: [NT1], NT system with crop rotation of cotton/soybean (Glycine max)/maize (Zea mays) + brachiaria (Brachiaria ruziziensis); [NT2], NT system with crop rotation of soybean/maize + brachiaria/cotton; [NT3], NT system with crop rotation of maize + brachiaria/cotton/soybean; [CR1], CT with annual rotation (soybean/cotton); and [CR2], CT with biannual rotation (soybean/soybean/cotton) and [CT1] CT with cotton monoculture. An area of native Cerrado vegetation was used as the reference or baseline. Soil samples were obtained from 0‐ to 5‐, 5‐ to 10‐, 10‐ to 20‐, 20‐ to 30‐, 30‐ to 60‐, and 60‐ to 100‐cm depths. After 9 years of cultivation, soil under NT systems contained higher C concentrations than those under CT (p < 0.05); however, significant differences were restricted to the 0‐ to 5‐cm layer. Stocks of C and N in the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth ranged from 36.2 to 39.8 Mg ha−1 and from 2.00 to 2.22 Mg ha−1, respectively. Despite higher C concentration in the upper layer, NT treatments (NT1, NT2, and NT3) had soil C stocks similar to those of CR1 and CT1. In comparison with Cerrado, C stocks in soil under all cultivated treatments were reduced by 27% in the top 1‐m depth, which represents a C loss of 35 Mg C ha−1 upon conversion from the Cerrado to cultivated land. The least soil bulk density among all treatments was observed for NT1. However, there were no differences in macroporosity and microporosity among NT and CT systems even after 9 years of cultivation. In comparison with CT, principal benefits of NT systems for C sequestration and soil physical improvements are restricted to the surface layer.
Advanced paternal age alone does not adversely affect pregnancy or live‐birth rates or sperm parameters following intrauterine insemination
Authors: Tatsumi Takayuki , Ishida Eri , Tatsumi Kuniko , Okada Yumiko , Saito Takakazu , Kubota Toshiro , Saito Hidekazu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of advanced paternal age on pregnancy outcomes and sperm parameters following intrauterine insemination (IUI). We used IUI data rather than assisted reproductive technology data, which might mask the effects of sperm impairments.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1576 IUI cycles in women under 40 years old between April 2012 and May 2016 at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Japan. The main outcomes were clinical pregnancy and live birth.ResultsThe mean male age was significantly lower in cycles that resulted in pregnancy compared with those without pregnancy (38.0 vs 39.1 years; P < 0.001), with a similar trend for live‐birth cycles. However, there was no relationship between advanced paternal age and pregnancy outcomes after adjusting for confounding factors and correlations within patients using generalized estimating equations, and the age of the female partner was the only factor affecting pregnancy rate. Furthermore, advanced paternal age had no effect on sperm parameters.ConclusionsAdvanced paternal age alone does not adversely affect pregnancy or live‐birth rates or sperm parameters following IUI.
NiFe‐LDH Grown on Three‐Dimensional Cu3P Nano‐Array for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhao Pingping , Nie Hanqiu , Zhou Zirui , Wang Jianbo , Cheng Gongzhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectrocatalysts of highly efficient activity and good stability based on earth‐abundant elements for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are crucially important for the utilization of water splitting and metal‐air batteries. Herein, we explored a facile synthesis of NiFe‐LDH (layered double hydroxide) grown on Cu3P nano‐array by simply solvothermal method. Thanks to the synergistic effect of NiFe‐LDH and Cu3P array, the as‐synthesized Cu3P@NiFe‐LDH/CF exhibited a high electric conductance and a larger double‐layer capacitance, which makes it an excellent nonprecious OER catalyst. The catalytic performance of Cu3P@NiFe‐LDH/CF toward OER exhibited a lowest onset potential (ca. 1.440 V), and a much lower overpotential of 235 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2.
Heterometallic Coordination Polymers with Pyrazine 2,6‐Dicarboxamide: Sequential Metallation of Co(III) and Ag(I)
Authors: Prusty Sidheswari , Purohit Chandra Shekhar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of heterometallic complexes with Co(III) and Ag(I) were prepared by stepwise method. We have utilised 2, 6‐pyrazine dicarboxamide appended with pyridines as building blocks. The pyrazine along with amides act as site for octahedral Co(III) ion, whereas the pyridine part extends the coordination to Ag(I). In the case of 4‐pyridine appended ligand, both pyridine and pyrazine coordinates to Ag(I). Out of three complexes, two were studied in solid state. Among these, one i. e. (5 a) [Co(L1)2]Ag3 is coordinated to three Ag(I) and other i. e. (5 b) [Co(L2)2]Ag.2H2O has an unusual penta‐ coordinated Ag(I). One of the ligand is also studied for Ag(I) coordination in solid state i. e.(3) Ag(H2L1).NO3.2(H2O).
Near Infrared Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles for Optotheranostics
Authors: Huang Ling , Han Gang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBoron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is a class of important emerging fluorescent dyes. Due to their unique chemical and optical properties, near infrared (NIR)‐emitting BODIPY dyes containing nanoparticles have recently been developed for a wide array of cutting‐edge cancer optotheranostic applications. These nanoparticles not only have robust photostability and tunable photophysical properties, but they can also be flexibly tailored to a multitude of functional uses. Based on these outstanding characteristics, such nanoparticles have shown great promise in diagnosis as biological sensors, as well as in their utilization in advanced imaging and photomedicine for cancer treatment. In particular, here, this study first discusses their use as photoswitchable fluorescence probes toward in vitro single‐molecule imaging. Second, this study takes a look at their opportunities for photoacoustic imaging utilization. Third, approaches are discussed to construct new NIR‐absorbing BODIPY nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Fourth, this study delves into the new approach to use such nanoparticles as an emerging version of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) and their biological uses, such as their photoactivation prodrug therapy (PAPT) for cancer. Finally, new biological sensors based on NIR BODIPY nanoparticles are introduced.
Binding Nanosized Cobalt Chalcogenides in B,N‐Codoped Graphene for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Cheng Xiaolong , Li Dongjun , Liu Fanfan , Xu Rui , Yu Yan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA general process is developed to prepare binding nanosized cobalt chalcogenides in B,N‐codoped graphene (CoSe2/BNG and CoS2/BNG). When used as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries, the CoSe2/BNG and CoS2/BNG deliver excellent sodium‐storage performance. The CoSe2/BNG displays a reversible capacity of 270 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. Even at 20 A g−1, it can still give a capacity of 187 mAh g−1. Moreover, the CoS2/BNG shows 387 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, demonstrating its superior high rate performance. The enhanced sodium‐storage properties of the CoSe2/BNG and CoS2/BNG nanocomposites may be attributed to the high conductive graphene network, enhanced sodium storage of B,N‐codoping in graphene, and the small CoSe2 and CoS2 nanocrystallites that shorten the electronic and ionic diffusion length throughout the electrode.
Radiative leptonic decay B → γℓνℓ with subleading power corrections
Authors: Beneke M. , Braun V. M. , Ji Yao , Wei Yan-Bing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe reconsider the QCD predictions for the radiative decayB→ γℓνℓwith an energetic photon in the final state by taking into account the 1/Eγ,1/mbpower-suppressed hard-collinear and soft corrections from higher-twistB-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). The soft contribution is estimated through a dispersion relation and light-cone QCD sum rules. The analysis of theoretical uncertainties and the dependence of the decay form factors on the leading-twist LCDAϕ+(ω) shows that the latter dominates. The radiative leptonic decay is therefore well suited to constrain the parameters ofϕ+(ω), including the first inverse moment, 1/λB, from the expected high-statistics data of the BELLE II experiment.
Surface-displayed porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from cell culture onto gram-positive enhancer matrix particles
Authors: Li Lan , Qiao Xuwen , Chen Jin , Zhang Yuanpeng , Zheng Qisheng , Hou Jibo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Vaccine immunization is now one of the most effective ways to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. Impurity is one of the main factors affecting vaccine safety and efficacy. Here we present a novel innovative PRRSV purification approach based on surface display technology. First, a bifunctional protein PA-GRFT (protein anchor-griffithsin), the crucial factor in the purification process, was successfully produced in Escherichia coli yielding 80 mg/L of broth culture. Then PRRSV purification was performed by incubation of PA-GRFT with PRRSV and gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles, followed by centrifugation to collect virions loaded onto GEM particles. Our results showed that most of the bulk impurities had been removed, and PA-GRFT could capture PRRSV onto GEM particles. Our lactic acid bacteria-based purification method, which is promising as ease of operation, low cost and easy to scale-up, may represent a candidate method for the large-scale purification of this virus for vaccine production.
Long‐term complications of glycogen storage disease type Ia in the canine model treated with gene replacement therapy
Authors: Brooks Elizabeth D. , Landau Dustin J. , Everitt Jeffrey I. , Brown Talmage T. , Grady Kylie M. , Waskowicz Lauren , Bass Cameron R. , D'Angelo John , Asfaw Yohannes G. , Williams Kyha , Kishnani Priya S. , Koeberl Dwight D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGlycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) in dogs closely resembles human GSD Ia. Untreated patients with GSD Ia develop complications associated with glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6Pase) deficiency. Survival of human patients on intensive nutritional management has improved; however, long‐term complications persist including renal failure, nephrolithiasis, hepatocellular adenomas (HCA), and a high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Affected dogs fail to thrive with dietary therapy alone. Treatment with gene replacement therapy using adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV) expressing G6Pase has greatly prolonged life and prevented hypoglycemia in affected dogs. However, long‐term complications have not been described to date.MethodsFive GSD Ia‐affected dogs treated with AAV‐G6Pase were evaluated. Dogs were euthanized due to reaching humane endpoints related to liver and/or kidney involvement, at 4 to 8 years of life. Necropsies were performed and tissues were analyzed.ResultsFour dogs had liver tumors consistent with HCA and HCC. Three dogs developed renal failure, but all dogs exhibited progressive kidney disease histologically. Urolithiasis was detected in two dogs; uroliths were composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. One affected and one carrier dog had polycystic ovarian disease. Bone mineral density was not significantly affected.ConclusionsHere, we show that the canine GSD Ia model demonstrates similar long‐term complications as GSD Ia patients in spite of gene replacement therapy. Further development of gene therapy is needed to develop a more effective treatment to prevent long‐term complications of GSD Ia.
Minimotifs dysfunction is pervasive in neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Young Richard J. , Chen Jingchun , Chen Xiangning , Oh Edwin C. , Schiller Martin R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMinimotifs are modular contiguous peptide sequences in proteins that are important for posttranslational modifications, binding to other molecules, and trafficking to specific subcellular compartments. Some molecular functions of proteins in cellular pathways can be predicted from minimotif consensus sequences identified through experimentation. While a role for minimotifs in regulating signal transduction and gene regulation during disease pathogenesis (such as infectious diseases and cancer) is established, the therapeutic use of minimotif mimetic drugs is limited. In this review, we discuss a general theme identifying a pervasive role of minimotifs in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Beyond their longstanding history in the genetics of familial neurodegeneration, minimotifs are also major players in neurotoxic protein aggregation, aberrant protein trafficking, and epigenetic regulation. Generalizing the importance of minimotifs in neurodegenerative diseases offers a new perspective for the future study of neurodegenerative mechanisms and the investigation of new therapeutics.
The Contexts of Electoral Accountability: Electoral Integrity Performance Voting in 23 Democracies
Authors: Fumarola Andrea 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectoral accountability is typically identified with retrospective economic voting even though it is widely recognized that explaining electors’ assignment of responsibility also implies considering issues other than the economy. Recently, scholars have also stressed the role of election quality in contributing to democratic legitimacy of elected authorities. In this perspective, electoral integrity as a valence issue would influence voters’ behaviour, structuring attitudes about accountability in substantial ways. This effect would also be moderated by individual- and country-level factors. I test these assumptions in 23 countries worldwide using a multilevel analysis of data from the sixth wave of the World Values Survey. Results indicate that the strength of the link between perceptions of electoral integrity and vote for the incumbent seems to be affected by individual characteristics such as partisanship, while it is also moderated by specific contextual characteristics such as government clarity of responsibility and pluralism of the media.
Some Results of the Spectroscopic Study of Four Close Binary Systems of Early Spectral Types
Authors: Galkina T. S. 
Published: July 2018

It is necessary to have quantitative estimates of the intensity of lines (both absorption and emission) to obtain the physical parameters of the atmosphere of components.Some years ago at the Crimean observatory we began the spectroscopic investigation of close binary systems of the early spectral type with components WR, Of, O, B to try and obtain more quantitative information from the study of the spectra of the components.
High-intensity pulsed ion beam composition and the energy spectrum using the time-of-flight method
Authors: Pushkarev A. I. , Isakova Y. I. , Prima A. I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe paper describes a technique for operative control of the high-intensity pulsed ion beam parameters. The time-of-flight diagnostics uses one high-speed Faraday cup sensor with magnetic cut-off of low-energy electrons. The technique makes it possible to determine the composition of the beam (the type of ions and the degree of ionization), the absolute values of the current density of ions and the energy spectrum for each type of ions with an error of <±10%. The technique was tested at different pulsed ion accelerators and ion diodes both with self-magnetic insulation (accelerating voltage of 200–250 kV, ion current density of 20–300 A/cm2) and external magnetic insulation of the electrons (400–500 kV, 200 A/cm2). The article presents a comparative analysis of two types of Faraday cups with magnetic cut-off of the electrons and with electric bias.
Massive decline of the world’s largest king penguin colony at Ile aux Cochons, Crozet
Authors: Weimerskirch Henri , Le Bouard Fabrice , Ryan Peter G. , Bost C.A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKing penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicusMiller) are major consumers in the Southern Ocean. The colony at Ile aux Cochons, Iles Crozet, in the southern Indian Ocean was known in the 1980s as the largest king penguin colony and the second largest penguin colony in the world. However, there have not been any recent estimates of this colony. Aerial photographs taken from a helicopter, and satellite images were used to report on changes in the colony and population sizes over the past 50 years. The colony has declined by 88% over the past 35 years, fromc.500 000 pairs to 60 000 pairs. The possible causes of this decline were explored but no plausible explanation for such an unprecedented decrease in penguin populations was found. The study highlights the use of satellite imagery as a non-invasive technique for population monitoring, and stresses the need for further research on the causes of this alarming trend in this colony.