bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descamando o nu: o sentido do despido na arte contemporânea
Authors: Mello Júlia , Oliveira Cláudia 
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da construção do corpo nu como categoria estética na cultura ocidental e da subversão da sua associação com o belo, proporcional e harmônico feita através da valorização do corpo “cru”e despido da arte contemporânea. O estudo de Kenneth Clark (1956) tem grande relevância para a manutenção da concepção do nu como elemento central da arte europeia, da idealização do maior grau de sofisticação da arte. Algo totalmente diferente do despido que, segundo o autor, implica em constrangimento e vulnerabilidade. A partir de elementos da metodologia visual crítica e da sua articulação com o feminismo, exploramos o significado de “nu”e “despido”considerando autores como John Berger (1999), Lynda Nead (1992) e Frances Borzello (2012). Os resultados revelam que o nu descamado, o corpo despido e “obsceno”no cenário da arte contemporânea, mostra-se como um importante objeto de práticas culturais que questionam convenções pré-estabelecidas.
Arte contemporânea e o retorno da censura: caso Queermuseu e suas adjacências
Authors: Selistre Jacks Ricardo , Duarte Mariana 
Published: June 2019

O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo realizar uma análise da censura no panorama artístico brasileiro, focando na exposição QueerMuseu: Cartografias da Diferença na Arte Brasileira, que foi precocemente fechada em Porto Alegre no ano de 2017. Busca-se compreender de que maneira a história da arte foi construída, relacionando com as imposições sistêmicas que levam à construção e à manutenção de um cânone que rege a instituição da arte, deste modo analisa-se como ocorrem as exclusões presentes no sistema de arte hegemônico, perpassando pela questão da censura, em sua origem no Brasil de 1964, até os dias atuais. Ainda realiza-se uma análise sobre os tipos de censura possíveis nas sociedades contemporâneas, explorando desde as censuras governamentais às censuras que são desenvolvidas socialmente através dos discursos.
Redaktionelt forord
Authors: Gjerlevsen Simona Zetterberg , Møller Andreas Hjort , Møller Lis 
Published: June 2019

Fiktionaliseret historie er på mode. I fantasy som serierne Game of Thrones og Outlander, der trækker på historisk funderede motiver og forestillingsverdener. Med fænomener som steampunk, der monterer artefakter fra Victoriatiden ind i andre historiske sammenhænge. I computerspil som Call of Duty: WWII, der repræsenterer Anden Verdenskrig. Sidste år blev betegnelsen “exofiktion” udråbt som en afløser for litteraturens autofiktive tendens. Nu skulle litteraturen ikke længere beskæftige sig med forfatterjeget, men med kendte og historiske personer.
I dette nummer af Passage viser mødet mellem historie og fiktion sig i forskellige afskygninger på tværs af historiske perioder og medier. Nummeret afspejler, hvor langt tilbage tendensen til at bruge fiktionen for at forstå fortiden går og samtidig, hvordan sådanne manifestationer har ændret sig. Nummeret sætter også fokus på de mere problematiske sider af fiktionaliseret historie. Eksempelvis blev Jim Lyngvilds fiktionaliserede fremstilling af vikinger i forbindelse med Nationalmuseets vikingeudstilling i 2018 voldsomt kritiseret af museumsfolk og historikere, som var kritisk indstillede over for en sammenblanding af historie og fiktion på et historisk museum, hvor publikum forventer at møde fakta og ikke fiktion. En fejlrepræsentation af fortiden kan være problematisk, også selvom det er i en traditionel fiktiv genre eller med tydelige tegn på fiktionalitet, fordi læseren, beskueren eller forbrugeren får en fejlopfattelse af fortiden og dens personer. Men fiktionaliseret historie kan i bedste fald give en historisk bevidsthed gennem sit billedskabende potentiale, som historieskrivningen har svært ved at fremstille. Fiktionaliseret historie er altså ikke simpel. Det indebærer komplicerede strategier, der trækker historiske, mediemæssige, kommercielle og sommetider etiske spørgsmål med sig. Samtidig med, at fiktionali­seret historie kan være en vej til viden om en given historisk periode, begivenhed eller person, røber den med sin vinkel og sit særlige greb på historien sin egen tids historiske specificitet. Det har vi med dette nummer af Passage søgt at vise gennem en række forskelligartede bidrag.
Origin of acceptor diffusion into silicon substrate during GaN growth by metal organic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Matsumoto Koji , Ono Toshiaki , Honda Yoshio , Torigoe Kazuhisa , Kushimoto Maki , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the change in carrier concentration near the surface of a silicon substrate during gallium nitride (GaN) growth with an aluminum nitride (AlN) buffer layer. It was observed that aluminum, gallium, and carbon diffused into the silicon substrate during the growth process and that the carrier concentration increased with increasing concentration of aluminum and gallium impurities. The gallium that diffused into the silicon substrate was identified as having originated from the gallium that decomposed on the reactor wall during the growth process and the gallium introduced onto the silicon substrate during GaN growth. In contrast, the amount of aluminum that diffused into the substrate was influenced by the duration of the trimethylaluminum (TMAl) flow: a long duration of the TMAl flow step before AlN growth led to a high aluminum concentration near the substrate surface.
Comparison of therapeutic effects of different mesenchymal stem cells on rheumatoid arthritis in mice
Authors: Zhang Qing , Li Qihong , Zhu Jun , Guo Hao , Zhai Qiming , Li Bei , Jin Yan , He Xiaoning , Jin Fang 
Published: June 2019

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and nonspecific autoimmune disease, which leads to joint destruction and deformity. To investigate the potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, we compared the therapeutic effects of bone marrow derived MSCs (BMSCs), umbilical cord derived MSCs (UCs), and stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

Methods
A total of 24 DBA/1 mice were infused with type II collagen to induce RA in the experimental model. MSC-treated mice were infused with UCs, BMSCs, and SHED, respectively. Bone erosion and joint destruction were measured by micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) analysis and hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were measured by immunohistochemistry and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results
Systemic delivery of MSCs significantly improved the severity of the symptoms related to CIA to greater extent compared with the untreated control group. Micro-CT revealed reduced bone erosions in the metatarsophalangeal joints upon treatment with MSCs. Additionally, according to histologic evaluation, reduced synovitis and articular destruction were observed in MSC-treated groups. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum and joints decreased with treatment by MSCs.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that systemic infusion of UCs, BMSCs, and SHED may significantly alleviate the effects of RA. The therapeutic effect of BMSCs was greater than that of SHED, while the UCs were shown to have the best therapeutic effect on CIA mice. In conclusion, compared with BMSCs and SHED, UCs may be a more suitable source of MSCs for the treatment of patients with RA.
Phytochemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Unripe and Ripe Dennettia tripetala (DT) Fruits
Authors: Akpakpan Ekam I. , Onyeike Eugene N. , Ogunka-Nnoka Charity U. 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To determine phytochemical and nutritive value of unripe and ripe pepper fruit.
Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry Department, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, between the period of April and July, 2018.
Methodology: Phytochemical, proximate, minerals and vitamin composition were carried out using standard methods.
Results: The unripe fruit of DT had significant (P<0.05) higher concentrations of terpenes, phytosterol, steroid, oxalate, saponin, alkaloid and phytate when compared to the ripe fruit; while tannins, phenol, flavonoid, coumarin, cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides were higher in the ripe fruit compared to the unripe fruit. The ash and lipid content of DT fruits were significantly (p< 0.05) higher in the ripe DT fruit than unripe DT fruit; while the carbohydrate and the crude fibre content were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the unripe than the ripe DT fruit. The energy value (kcal/100 g sample) calculated from Atwater factors of 4, 9, 4 for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins was 347.2 for unripe and 331.4 for ripe DT fruits. Potassium composition of DT fruits were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the ripe fruit than the unripe fruit, while zinc was higher in the unripe fruit than the ripe fruit. The concentration of Na, Se, Pb, Ca, Fe and Cu did not differ significantly (p<0.05) between the two fruits. DT fruits possessed a significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations of vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B7, B9, B12 and C than the ripe fruit; while the unripe fruits showed a significantly higher concentrations of Vitamin B6 and K than the ripe fruit.
Conclusion: Therefore, unripe and ripe DT fruits may be consumed as potential sources of nutrients and phytochemicals which may be significant as dietary supplements.
Sources of Potassic Fertilization in Soybean Production under Different Irrigation Blades
Authors: Bianchini Hudson Carvalho , Marques Douglas Jose 
Published: June 2019

Aims: The objective of this research was to evaluate the physiological and biometric parameters of the soybean crop in potassic fertilization sources under different irrigation blades. Two potassium sources (ground rock, “phonolite”, with 9% K2O and potassium chloride with 60% K2O) and five irrigation blades (30, 70, 100, 130 and 160% of the recommended blade) were used.
Study Design: The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with ten treatments and four replications, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, totaling 40 vessels.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Agronomy, UNIFENAS, between March 2018 and November 2018.
Methodology: Soil moisture was determined through tensiometers, using a water potential of -30kPa, considered adequate for the soybean crop. At the end of the crop cycle, the weight of shoot dry matter, weight of 1000 seeds, weight of seeds standardized to 13% moisture, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids, besides nutrient content of the leaf tissue, were evaluated.
Conclusion: KCl favors the accumulation of dry matter, weight of 1000 grains and grain production in the soybean crop in the different irrigation blades. Phonolite increases calcium and magnesium contents in the leaves, independently of the irrigation blade used, also favoring the increase in phosphorus and sulfur contents when soil moisture increases.
Biochemical study of sortase E2 from Streptomyces mobaraensis and determination of transglutaminase cross‐linking sites
Authors: Anderl Anita , Ferlemann Cathrin , Muth Marius , Henkel‐Gupalo Antonina , Ebenig Aileen , Brenner‐Weiß Gerald , Kolmar Harald , Fuchsbauer Hans‐Lothar 
Published: June 2019

Distinct streptomycetes such as Streptomyces mobaraensis produce the protein cross‐linking enzyme transglutaminase. Bioinformatic analysis predicted the occurrence of seven sortases exerting transpeptidation reactions similarly to transglutaminase. Here, we report the production and characterization of sortase E2 (Sm‐SrtE2) solubilized by removal of its membrane anchor domain. Sm‐SrtE2 activity was measured using pentapeptides predicted to be cell wall sorting signals of putative sortase substrate proteins. Preferred linkage to Gly3 by Sm‐SrtE2 was in the order LAETG>>LAHTG>>LAQTG~LANTG>LARTG. Chaplin 1 from S. mobaraensis was further demonstrated to be an excellent substrate of both the intrinsic Sm‐SrtE2 and transglutaminase. The unexpected discovery showing Gln‐62 and Gln‐65 of Δ1–50‐Sm‐SrtE2 as transglutaminase cross‐linking sites suggests that low enzyme stability might be due to anchor domain truncation and a disordered N terminus.
Tailoring the Mechanical Properties of 3D Microstructures Using Visible Light Post‐Manufacturing
Authors: Gernhardt Marvin , Blasco Eva , Hippler Marc , Blinco James , Bastmeyer Martin , Wegener Martin , Frisch Hendrik , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe photochemistry of anthracene, a new class of photoresist for direct laser writing, is used to enable visible‐light‐gated control over the mechanical properties of 3D microstructures post‐manufacturing. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties (hardness, complex elastic modulus, and loss factor) of the microstructures are measured over the course of irradiation via dynamic mechanical analysis on the nanoscale. Irradiation of the microstructures leads to a strong hardening and stiffening effect due to the generation of additional crosslinks through the photodimerization of the anthracene functionalities. A relationship between the loss of fluorescence—a consequence of the photodimerization—and changes in the mechanical properties is established. The fluorescence thus serves as a proxy read‐out for the mechanical properties. These photoresponsive microstructures can potentially be used as “mechanical blank slates”: their mechanical properties can be readily adjusted using visible light to serve the demands of different applications and read out using their fluorescence.
Encapsulation of Plasmid DNA by Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Gene Transportation and Expression
Authors: Li Yantao , Zhang Kai , Liu Porun , Chen Mo , Zhong Yulin , Ye Qingsong , Wei Ming Q. , Zhao Huijun , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe intracellular delivery and functionalization of genetic molecules play critical roles in gene‐based theranostics. In particular, the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) with safe nonviral vectors for efficient intracellular gene expression has received increasing attention; however, it still has some limitations. A facile one‐pot method is employed to encapsulate pDNA into zeolitic imidazole framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and ZIF‐8‐polymer vectors via biomimetic mineralization and coprecipitation. The pDNA molecules are found to be well distributed inside both nanostructures and benefit from their protection against enzymatic degradation. Moreover, through the use of a polyethyleneimine (PEI) 25 kD capping agent, the nanostructures exhibit enhanced loading capacity, better pH responsive release, and stronger binding affinity to pDNA. From in vitro experiments, the cellular uptake and endosomal escape of the protected pDNA are greatly improved with the superior ZIF‐8‐PEI 25 kD vector, leading to successful gene expression with high transfection efficacy, comparable to expensive commercial agents. New cost‐effective avenues to develop metal–organic‐framework‐based nonviral vectors for efficient gene delivery and expression are provided.
Generation of an immortalized erythroid progenitor cell line from peripheral blood: A model system for the functional analysis of Plasmodium spp. invasion
Authors: Scully Erik J. , Shabani Estela , Rangel Gabriel W. , Grüring Christof , Kanjee Usheer , Clark Martha A. , Chaand Mudit , Kurita Ryo , Nakamura Yukio , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Duraisingh Manoj T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMalaria pathogenesis is caused by the replication of Plasmodium parasites within the red blood cells (RBCs) of the vertebrate host. This selective pressure has favored the evolution of protective polymorphisms in erythrocyte proteins, a subset of which serve as cognate receptors for parasite invasion ligands. Recently, the generation of RBCs from immortalized hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has offered a more tractable system for genetic manipulation and long‐term in vitro culture, enabling elucidation of the functional determinants of host susceptibility in vitro. Here we report the generation of an immortalized erythroid progenitor cell line (EJ cells) from as few as 100 000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It offers a robust method for the creation of customized model systems from small volumes of peripheral blood. The EJ cell differentiation mirrored erythropoiesis of primary HSCs, yielding orthochromatic erythroblasts and enucleated RBCs after eight days (ejRBCs). The ejRBCs supported invasion by both P. vivax and P. falciparum. To demonstrate the genetic tractability of this system, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt the Duffy Antigen/Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) gene, which encodes the canonical receptor of P. vivax in humans. Invasion of P. vivax into this DARC‐knockout cell line was strongly inhibited providing direct genetic evidence that P. vivax requires DARC for RBC invasion. Further, genetic complementation of DARC restored P. vivax invasion. Taken together, the peripheral blood immortalization method presented here offers the capacity to generate biologically representative model systems for studies of blood‐stage malaria invasion from the peripheral blood of donors harboring unique genetic backgrounds, or rare polymorphisms.
Temperature‐Dependent Nucleation and Growth of Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Yan Kang , Wang Jiangyan , Zhao Shuoqing , Zhou Dong , Sun Bing , Cui Yi , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is essential to develop a facile and effective method to enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium metal anodes for building high‐energy‐density Li‐metal based batteries. Herein, we explored the temperature‐dependent Li nucleation and growth behavior and constructed a dendrite‐free Li metal anode by elevating temperature from room temperature (20 °C) to 60 °C. A series of ex situ and in situ microscopy investigations demonstrate that increasing Li deposition temperature results in large nuclei size, low nucleation density, and compact growth of Li metal. We reveal that the enhanced lithiophilicity and the increased Li‐ion diffusion coefficient in aprotic electrolytes at high temperature are essential factors contributing to the dendrite‐free Li growth behavior. As anodes in both half cells and full cells, the compact deposited Li with minimized specific surface area delivered high Coulombic efficiencies and long cycling stability at 60 °C.
Carbonylation of C−N Bonds in Tertiary Amines Catalyzed by Low‐Valent Iron Catalysts
Authors: Nasr Allah Tawfiq , Savourey Solène , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Nicolas Emmanuel , Cantat Thibault 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first iron catalysts able to promote the formal insertion of CO into the C−N bond of amines are reported. Using low‐valent iron complexes, including K2[Fe(CO)4], amides are formed from aromatic and aliphatic amines, in the presence of an iodoalkane promoter. Inorganic Lewis acids, such as AlCl3and Nd(OTf)3, have a positive influence on the catalytic activity of the iron salts, enabling the carbonylation at a low pressure of CO (6 to 8 bars).
Bacteria‐Resistant Single Chain Cyclized/Knotted Polymer Coatings
Authors: Xu Qian , A Sigen , Venet Manon , Gao Yongsheng , Zhou Dezhong , Wang Wei , Zeng Ming , Rotella Chiara , Li Xiaolin , Wang Xi , Lyu Jing , Rodriguez Brian J. , Wang Wenxin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFurther to conventional linear, branched, crosslinked, and dendritic polymers, single chain cyclized/knotted polymers (SCKPs) have emerged as a new class of polymer structure with unique properties. Herein, the development of bacteria‐resistant SCKPs is reported and the effect of this structure on the resistance of polymer materials to bacteria is investigated. Four SCKPs were synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) homopolymerization of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) and then crosslinked by UV light to form SCKP films. Regardless of MVM type used, the resulting SCKP films showed much higher resistance to bacteria, and up to 75 % less bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, in comparison with the corresponding non‐SCKP films. This is due to the altered surface morphology and hydrophobicity of the SCKP films. These results highlight the critical role of the SCKP structure in enhancing the resistance of polymeric materials to bacteria.
Physicochemical evaluation of nanocomposite hydrogels with covalently incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Olad Ali , Eslamzadeh Morad , Mirmohseni Abdolreza 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTo avoid the negative effect of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets aggregation in aqueous solutions on physicochemical properties of GO incorporated nanocomposite hydrogels, poly(vinyl alcohol)‐functionalized GO (GO‐es‐PVA) are synthesized and are used for preparation of nanocomposite hydrogels. By graft copolymerization of GO‐es‐PVA with poly(AA‐co‐AAm) chains, the nanocomposite hydrogel samples with covalently incorporated GO‐es‐PVA are achieved. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and SEM and EDAX techniques confirm successful synthesis process. It is clear that GO‐es‐PVA content has significant effect on physicochemical properties of nanocomposite hydrogels, such as improvement of the water uptake properties, porosity, and gel strength. The hydrogel sample with 1:80 mass ratio of GO‐es‐PVA/AAm has the best physicochemical properties due to the optimum amount of GO‐es‐PVA, which gives the hydrogel proper viscoelasticity as well as fine porosity and water uptake rate. Interpenetration of PVA chains into the polymeric networks makes the movement of the polymer chains easier, which leads to softer polymeric networks. This phenomenon is called plasticizing effect. The plasticizing nature of PVA and its high hydrophilicity are the main reasons for the fine physicochemical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48025.
Vertical Clinging and Leaping Ahead: How Bamboo Has Shaped the Anatomy and Physiology of Hapalemur
Authors: Hemingway Holden W. , Burrows Anne M. , Omstead Kailey M. , Zohdy Sarah , Pastor Juan Francisco , Muchlinski Magdalena N. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Hapalemur sps. and Prolemur simus (bamboo lemurs, collectively) stand out from the relatively homogeneous lemurids because they are bamboo feeders and vertical clingers and leapers. This unique diet presents equally unique challenges, like its verticality, toughness, and toxicity. The bamboo lemurs share the generalized anatomy of the other lemurids, but also display some well‐documented skeletal adaptations, perhaps to overcome the problems presented by their specialization. Soft‐tissue adaptations, however, remain largely unexplored. Explored here are possible soft‐tissue adaptations in Hapalemur griseus. We compare H. griseus with other lemurids, Propithecus, Galago, Tarsier, and a tree shrew. Based on the available anatomical and physiological data, we hypothesize that Hapalemur and Prolemur species will have differences in hindlimb morphology when compared with other lemurids. We predict that H. griseus will have more hindlimb muscle mass and will amplify muscle mass differences with increased type II muscle fibers. Relative hindlimb muscle mass in H. griseus is less than other prosimians sampled, yet relative sural muscle mass is significantly heavier (P < 0.01) in H. griseus. Results show that the soleus muscle of H. griseus has a higher amount of type II (fast) fibers in plantarflexors. These findings indicate although H. griseus shares some generalized lemurid morphology, its diet of bamboo may have pushed this generalized lemurid to an anatomical extreme. We suspect additional bamboo‐specific adaptations in their anatomy and physiology will be uncovered with further examination into the anatomy of the bamboo lemurs. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 303:295–307, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy