bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realism in the Global Age of Modernism in China and the United States
Authors: Chan Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
If realism is often caught up in an oversimplified binary with modernism, what happens when modernist studies become increasingly expansive in geographical, temporal, and generic terms? This chapter reviews the recent critical approaches to reconfiguring the conventional narrative of nineteenth-century European realism’s demise and transition into modernism. Specifically, it traces the reification of the modernism/realism dichotomy back to Cold War ideologies, explores global modernist scholars’ turn toward the Soviet cultural system as an alternative model of world literature, and examines the tendencies in postcolonial and ethnic studies to read peripheral realist texts as ethnographic writing. Paradoxically, the attempt to recuperate realism (especially non-western or peripheral realisms) often ends up reaffirming the biases toward modernist modes of representation as more sophisticated and self-reflective. The second half of this chapter considers the material repercussions of this continual marginalization of realism. It includes a case study of Eileen Chang (Zhang Ailing, 1920–1995), whose celebration as a sinophone global modernist today has largely obscured her repeated attempts to pivot to anglophone realist writing from the 1950s onward. The rise and fall of Chang’s career as an émigré bilingual writer in the United States attests to a deeply politicized and deeply unequal international division of creative labor, in which non-western authors are often relegated to the role of the native informant. For the peripheral writer, realism is not necessarily an aesthetic choice but a political and artistic compromise they must make if they are to gain entry into the Euro-American “global” literary market.
On Assembly
Authors: Abu El-Haj Tabatha , Probert Thomas , Srinivasan Sharath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introducing the Handbook, this chapter takes a fresh look at assembly, arguing it is central to the politics of our time. It begins by contending that a preoccupation with protest and the law surrounding it elides the fact that assembly is a far more extensive and significant phenomenon than its political protest form. Assembly lies at the heart of our existence as social beings, at the foundation of our communities and polities, and at the core of our collective capacity to reshape our lives and worlds. Furthermore, this chapter warns that studying and thinking about assembly only from the perspective of a ‘right’ to be enjoyed may ultimately reinforce a narrow conception of assembly and overemphasize the logics of regulation, thereby excessively taming the potential of assembly as a practice. Unfortunately, the particular way the right has been codified and practically implemented serves to enhance the legitimacy of the dominion of authorities over their subjects rather than enhancing the human freedom that makes assembly worthy of human rights protection in the first place. Taken together, the contributions to this Handbook place assembly front and centre, as a distinct social, political, legal, and managerial object of inquiry and develop a deeper understanding of the existing right, laying the groundwork for imagining a broader and more robust understanding of the phenomenon and construction of the right.
China
Authors: Zhang Qianfan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the horizontal and vertical power structures in the current constitution of China and their relevance to the protection of constitutional rights. While the people’s congresses at the basic levels are supposed to be directly elected, the elections are tightly controlled by the Chinese Communist Party, making them “rubber stamp” legislatures. Constitutional enforcement and the rule of law are further weakened by a lack of judicial independence and a perplexing central–local relationship in which excessive centralization is made infeasible by the nation’s vast size and internal disparities. Ultimately, the best hope for constitutionalism lies in the people themselves, who must rise to safeguard their own rights.
Gender Recognition
Authors: Whittle Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
European human rights following the Second World War came about because of an urgent need for laws to protect minority groups from the type of systemic, institutional, or personal prejudices that led to the holocaust. The UNDHR and the European Convention on Human Rights were framed around the idea of preventing discrimination and were to form our understanding(s) of what citizenship is in modern Europe. Identity politics became a powerful force in Europe as minorities claimed their right not to experience discrimination. This chapter reviews the legal mechanisms of change on the road towards LGBTQI+ equality and finds they are a consequence of judicial decisions driving an equity agenda rather than the equality achievements of any particular social movement. Understanding why this is, and the processes behind change is essential when considering whether the progress achieved can be maintained. Well-funded, often religious, traditionalist populist movements have recently become a significant political force in Europe. In particular they are pushing back against transgender rights and autonomy. Challenging this opposition to transgender rights and autonomy has never been more important than now. The question of how is one of the biggest problems facing modern Europe as we watch the liberal post-Second World War democracies that are the foundation of modern Europe being eroded before our eyes.
Preventing Firearm Injuries and Deaths among Clients: An Action Plan Model for Social Workers
Authors: Conrick Kelsey M , McCollum Olivia , Porter Sarah F , St. Vil Christopher , Kanuha V Kalei , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Moore Megan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Social workers are uniquely positioned to support clients in crisis to reduce firearm access. However, many report needing support in navigating conversations and awareness of available options. Authors sought to understand the decision-making process social workers use, to choose which interventions (e.g., out-of-home storage) are appropriate to reduce firearm access for clients in crisis. Ten individual and group semistructured interviews were conducted with 29 social workers in Washington State; participants discussed experiences with clients at risk of harming themselves and/or others with a firearm and responded to two case examples. Grounded theory was used to develop an action plan model describing how social workers choose which interventions to pursue. Participants described two categories that influence their decision-making process for reducing firearm access for clients in crisis. The first category, sociopolitical context, included structural intersectionality, policies, professional ethics, workplace environment, and values. These influenced the second category, collaborative safety planning intervention for reducing firearm access, a process that included considering client factors, social worker actions, and options for reducing firearm access. This model can be used to develop trainings for social workers to educate them on processes to reduce firearm access for clients in crisis.
Personal data trusts in China: a balance between data sharing and privacy protection
Authors: Meng Zhen , Wang Lu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Compared with the traditional data protection models, data trusts can achieve long-term management of digital assets and promote the effective distribution of data rights. As for personal data trusts in China, the concept of data usufructuary rights can be introduced and combined with the tripartite allocation of data rights to explain the rationality of data trusts. In terms of the construction of China’s data trusts, a bottom-up model of data trusts should be adopted under government supervision; meanwhile, personal data should be divided into private data and public data for separate management.
Embedding cultural perspectives into animal welfare science education through study abroad opportunities
Authors: Makagon Maja M , Topczewska Jadwiga 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Animal welfare is a global issue. The ability of our future workforce to solve global issues is contingent on their understanding of and ability to work with people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Study abroad programming can improve cross-cultural abilities of participating students. Therefore, study abroad opportunities in animal welfare education may be a particularly fruitful approach for preparing students to address animal welfare issues globally. We discuss the value of offering study abroad courses in animal welfare, detail one such course as a case study, and review pedagogical literature related to course design to guide the development of similar programs.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: a neglected clinical manifestation among the tribal population in Nilambur, Kerala, India
Authors: Fathima P A , Shah Harish Kumar , Aiswarya R S , Ajithlal P M , Shailaja T V , Shubin C , Reena K J , Saini Prasanta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Different clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis (cutaneous and visceral) caused by Leishmania donovani have been reported from Kerala, India. Leishmania donovani causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) (also called atypical CL [ACL]) is one of the major health concerns in the Western Ghats belt of the state.

Methods
Skin biopsies of 20 patients with suspected CL from Nilambur, Kerala, were processed for CL diagnosis during the period 2022–2023. Parasite species were characterized using Leishmania-specific Internal Transcribed Spacer-Ⅰ (ITS-Ⅰ) PCR and ITS-Ⅰ RFLP analysis.

Result
A total of 18 cases were confirmed to be CL and the parasite was identified as L. donovani.

Conclusion
These indigenous ACL (CL due to L. donovani) reports from the small foci of Nilambur reveal an emerging endemic zone of leishmaniasis in the Western Ghats.
Regulation and Functions of Long Noncoding RNAs During Meloidogyne incognita Parasitism of Tomato
Authors: Ozdemir Selin , Zadegan Sobhan Bahrami , Sultana Mst Shamira , Coffey Nicole , Rice J. Hollis , Hewezi Tarek 
Published: November 2024

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of various aspects of immune response and plant-pathogen interactions. However, the regulatory function of lncRNAs during plant-nematode interaction remains largely elusive. In this study, we investigated the differential regulation and function of lncRNAs during two different stages of tomato infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. At the early stage of infection, 2,218 and 2,827 lncRNAs were regulated locally in the M. incognita–induced galls and systemically in the neighboring root cells, respectively. However, at the later stage of infection, the number of M. incognita–regulated lncRNAs was dramatically reduced, with only 49 lncRNAs being identified as differentially expressed. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were predicted to encode peptides with functionally annotated domains, providing insights into the potential roles of these peptides in regulating gene expression, RNA stability and splicing, and protein-protein-interactions. Among the differentially expressed lncRNAs, 55 were found to contain putative binding sites for 56 microRNAs (miRNAs). Overexpressing five of these lncRNAs significantly increased tomato resistance to M. incognita, supporting the functional importance of lncRNAs for establishing tomato- M. incognita interaction. Functional analysis of the target mimicry of lncRNAs towards miRNAs resulted in the identification of two novel regulatory modules involving miR47 and miR156e-5p and their targeted genes that regulate tomato responses to M. incognita parasitism. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory functions of lncRNA and open a new avenue to engineer crop plants with enhanced nematode resistance by leveraging the regulatory potential of lncRNAs. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Special Statement: Clinical Quality Measures in Obstetrics
Authors:   Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Combs C.A. , Kern-Goldberger A. , Bauer S.T. ,   Patient Safety and Quality Committee
Published: November 2024

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2024;230(3):B2–B17. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.11.011)
The Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) has issued a special statement on clinical quality measures (CQMs) for obstetrics. The statement is an update to a 2016 statement on the same topic.
Intrapartum Care: Updated Summary of NICE Guidance
Authors: Blackburn R. , Mehmeti A. , Russell S. , Rivers F. , Blott M. 
Published: November 2024

(BMJ. 2024;384:p2885. doi: 10.1136/bmj.p2885)
In 2021, there were around 650,000 births in England and Wales, mostly from straightforward pregnancies without complications. The care and advice regarding the place of birth, pain relief, and labor management significantly affect women’s overall birth experiences and health outcomes. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) issued intrapartum care guidelines in 2014 that were then updated in 2017. This article summarizes new and updated recommendations in 2023, highlighting those based on new evidence and emphasizes shared decision-making between women and health care professionals. These guidelines apply to all pregnant or postpartum individuals, regardless of gender identity. Recommendations are derived from systematic reviews and cost-effectiveness considerations, using GRADE criteria to assess evidence certainty.
Ethical Principles Do Not Support Mandatory Preanesthesia Pregnancy Screening Tests: A Narrative Review
Authors: Jackson S. , Hunter J. , Van Norman G.A. 
Published: November 2024

(Anesth Analg. 2024;138(5):980–991. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006669)
Informed consent has been required in the United States since 1914, though it has been presented with occasional challenging situations in the context of certain procedures or conditions. One of these occasions is increasing concerns surrounding maternal-fetal conflicts and the rights of pregnant patients to undergo elective anesthesia and surgery. This article is a narrative review that examines the ethical principles of pregnancy testing in preanesthesia patients.
Novice Learners’ Perspectives on Obstetric Airway Crisis Decision-Making Training Using Virtual Reality Simulation
Authors: Chan J , Chan C , Chia P , Goy R , Sng BL 
Published: November 2024

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2024;57:103926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103926)
The incidence of failed tracheal intubation during cesarean sections ranges from 1:238 to 1:808 and has not improved in 40 years despite advances in airway equipment and training. Most failures occur after hours with trainee anesthetists, leading to a mortality rate of 1 in 90. Over the past 3 decades, the preference for neuraxial over general anesthesia has increased due to better postoperative analgesia and fewer airway complications. Managing difficult airways in obstetrics is crucial but less common, reducing practice opportunities for trainees. Our curriculum includes didactic teaching and simulations, but current training may be insufficient. Virtual reality (VR) offers a potential solution by providing safe, immersive simulation training and enhancing technical and decision-making skills in managing difficult obstetric airways. The study aims to assess junior residents’ learning needs and perceptions of VR as a training tool.
Effects of Cumulative Duration of Repeated Anesthesia Exposure on Fetal Brain Development in the Ovine Model
Authors: Bleeser T. , Basurto D. , Russo F. , Vergote S. , Valenzuela  , Van den Broucke S. , Kunpalin Y. , Joyeux L. , Van der Veeken L. , Vally J.C. , Emam D. , Van der Merwe J. , Van de Velde M. , Devroe S. , Deprest J. , Rex S. 
Published: November 2024

(J Clin Anesth. 2023;85:111050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.111050)
During nonobstetric surgeries, general anesthesia is necessary in ∼1% of pregnant women. In a recent population cohort, 91% of these women underwent a single anesthesia exposure, averaging 89 minutes. However, 9% experienced multiple exposures. The duration of anesthesia varied: 29% had less than an hour, 49% had 1 to 2 hours, 12% had 2 to 3 hours, 6% had 3 to 5 hours, and 2% had 7 to 13 hours. The FDA issued a warning about potential fetal brain development impairment from repeated or prolonged anesthesia exposure (>3 h). A meta-analysis confirmed that in laboratory animals, repeated or prolonged exposure to general anesthesia results in neuronal injury and neurobehavioral impairments in fetuses. Short exposures (≤3 h) to ≤1 MAC of volatile anesthetics did not show significant neurodevelopmental impairments. Most studies were conducted in mice and rats, whose short gestation periods limit direct human comparisons. The 3-hour exposure in rodents equates to 40 to 47 hours in humans. A recent clinical study found no general population evidence linking prenatal anesthesia exposure to impaired neurodevelopment, though small sample sizes limited findings on prolonged exposure effects.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants Fed Donor Milk or Preterm Infant Formula: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Colaizy T.T. , Poindexter B.B. , McDonald S.A. , Bell E.F. , Waldemar A.C. , Carlson S.J. , DeMauro S.B. , Kennedy K.A. , Nelin L.D. , Sanchez P.J. , Vohr B.R. , Johnson K.J. , Herron D.E. , Das A. , Crawford M.M. , Walsh M.C. , Higgins R.D. , Stoll B.J. ,   and the MILK Trial Investigators
Published: November 2024

(JAMA. 2024;331(7):582–591. doi: 10.1001/jama.2023.27693)
A large, nationwide, randomized clinical trial examining how donor milk and preterm infant formula affect neurodevelopment in premature infants has found that outcomes in both groups were similar. The double-blinded trial was conducted with 483 participants at 15 academic medical centers in the United States that are part of a National Institute of Child Health Neonatal Research Network. Previous studies have shown that preterm infants fed with maternal milk while hospitalized have better neurodevelopment outcomes.
Cosyntropin Prophylaxis With Intrathecal Saline: Impact on Postdural Puncture Headache and Epidural Blood Patch
Authors: Orbach-Zinger S. , Azem K. , Heesen P. , Frenkel A. , Binyamin Y. 
Published: November 2024

(Anaesthesia. 2024;79(1):91–92. doi: 10.1111/anae.16139. PMID: 37816309)
One of the risks of neuraxial procedures for labor analgesia is accidental dural puncture (ADP), which may lead to further complications including postdural headache (PDPH). The most common treatment for PDPH is an epidural blood patch (EBP); however, this treatment is not infallible. An alternative approach includes the injection of prophylactic intravenous cosyntropin following the dural puncture, which may prevent PDPH or reduce the associated symptoms. Following ADP, anesthetists chose to either select a new site for the epidural or to place an intrathecal (IT) catheter. In this retrospective study, cases where an IT catheter was placed and either administration of intrathecal saline (predelivery) and/or prophylactic intravenous (IV) cosyntropin (postdelivery) occurred were examined to determine the impact on PDPH and EBP.
Surgical Sensation During Cesarean Section: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Jiang A. , Perry T. , Walker K. , Burfoot A. , Patterson L. 
Published: November 2024

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2024:57:103935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoa.2023.103935)
Cesarean section (CS) is a significant surgical procedure for young and generally healthy patients, marking a crucial emotional milestone. Neuraxial anesthesia (NA) is preferred for CS due to its safety advantages over general anesthesia, including reduced blood loss, improved postoperative pain control, and decreased neonatal exposure to drugs. While it allows patients and their partners to experience childbirth intimately, NA carries known risks such as hypotension, headache, and inadequate pain relief. Sedation is minimal during CS to ensure neonatal safety and preserve parental bonding. Preoperative anxiety affects postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction, emphasizing the need for comprehensive patient education and counseling. However, there is limited recent data on patients’ perceptions of surgical sensations during CS under NA, highlighting the importance of this study’s detailed assessment to improve patient care and inform future research.
Postpartum Opioid Prescribing and Persistent Use in Western Countries
Authors: Poeran J. , Park C.H. 
Published: November 2024

(Anesth Analg. 2024;138(5):967–969. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006953)
Pain during childbirth varies from person to person, but many women rate their pain as severe and persistent, with roughly 20% of individuals who underwent cesarean delivery reporting scar pain and ∼6% of individuals who had a vaginal delivery reporting perineal or vaginal pain 6 months after delivery. Due to this persistent and severe pain, prescription of opioids directly after birth is not uncommon, but many clinicians are concerned about persistent opioid use that affects up to 2% of those exposed to opioids during the postpartum period. In countries with high numbers of births annually, this translates to a large burden, and solutions are difficult to identify due to varying opioid use patterns across countries and unavailable data in many of them.
The Impact of Telehealth on Buprenorphine Prescribing at a Large Federally Qualified Health Center during COVID-19
Authors: Winters Ann , Walter Eve 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aims to explore the impact of telehealth on buprenorphine prescribing and retention in care for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) seen at a large federally qualified health center (FQHC) the year prior to and following the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of patients with OUD and at least one medical visit to the FQHC between March 1, 2019, and February 28, 2021. This study utilized March 1, 2020, to delineate the beginning of COVID as the FQHC widely instituted telehealth during the month in response to the pandemic. We examined buprenorphine prescribing before and during year 1 of the pandemic; we applied logistic regression to estimate the association between telehealth and buprenorphine prescribing and we assessed buprenorphine retention through survival analysis.

Results
In the year before COVID, 24% of patients (502/2090) received buprenorphine compared with 31% (656/2110) during the first year of COVID (P < 0.01). Patients with at least one telehealth visit were three times more likely to receive buprenorphine compared to those without telehealth (odds ratio: 3.2, confidence interval: 2.1–5.0). Among those who received buprenorphine, those with at least one telehealth visit were retained in buprenorphine care longer (hazard ratio: 2.7, confidence interval: 1.8–3.9).

Conclusions
During the first year of COVID, telehealth was associated with increased likelihood that patients received buprenorphine; those who had telehealth remained in buprenorphine care longer compared to those who only had office-based visits. Increasing buprenorphine access through telehealth can play a significant role in retention in care for OUD.