bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Social Dominance and Altered Neuronal Excitability in the Prefrontal Cortex of Male KCC2b Mutant Mice
Authors: Anacker Allison M. J. , Moran Jacqueline T. , Santarelli Sara , Forsberg C. Gunnar , Rogers Tiffany D. , Stanwood Gregg D. , Hall Benjamin J. , Delpire Eric , Veenstra‐VanderWeele Jeremy , Saxe Michael D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe K‐Cl cotransporter KCC2 is essential in the development of the “GABA switch” that produces a change in neuronal responses to GABA signaling from excitatory to inhibitory early in brain development, and alterations in this progression have previously been hypothesized to play a causal role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated the KCC2b (Slc12a5) heterozygous knockout mouse using a battery of rodent behavioral tests relevant to core and comorbid ASD symptoms. Compared to wild‐type littermates, KCC2+/− mice were normal in standard measures of locomotor activity, grooming and digging behaviors, and social, vocalization, and anxiety‐like behaviors. However, KCC2+/− mice exhibited increased social dominance behaviors and increased amplitude of spontaneous postsynaptic currents in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) that were previously implicated in governing social hierarchy and dominance behaviors. Treatment of wild‐type mouse brain slices with the KCC2 inhibitor VU0240511 increased the amplitude and frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents, partially recapitulating the phenotype of KCC2+/− mice. These findings indicate that the activity of KCC2 plays a role in social dominance, in parallel with effects on PFC signaling, further suggesting that KCC2 function has some relevance to social behavior but without the breadth of impact on autism‐like behavior suggested by previous studies. Further testing could assess whether KCC2 alters other circuits and whether additional factors such as environmental insults may precipitate autism‐related behavioral phenotypes. Autism Research 2019, 12: 732–743. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryA mouse model of altered chloride transporter expression was used to look for a role in behaviors and brain function relevant to autism. There was an imbalance in signaling in the prefrontal cortex, and increased social dominance behavior, although other autism‐related behaviors were not changed. These findings indicate that altered chloride transporter function affects prefrontal cortex function and social dominance without a broader impact on autism‐like behaviors.
Techno‐economic analysis of levoglucosan production via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw in China
Authors: Wang Junqi , Lu Zhoumin , Shah Ajay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe pyrolysis of cotton straw is a promising technology because a large variety of chemical species can be produced from the thermal degradation of biomass. A more promising chemical, levoglucosan, was the subject of this study. A techno‐economic analysis of a plant producing levoglucosan via fast pyrolysis of cotton straw and extraction of levoglucosan from the produced bio‐oil was conducted by modeling a 200 000 ton per year feedstock‐processing plant. Experimental and modeling data were gathered from recent publications and used for analysis. For the modeled feedstock handling capacity, the results indicated that levoglucosan production capacity could reach around 18 000 tons per year. The estimated levoglucosan net production cost, including byproduct credits, was $3.0/kg. Sensitivity analysis also showed that the yield of levoglucosan from bio‐oil, the cotton straw cost, the calcium hydroxide cost, the hydrochloric acid concentration, and the number of days of operation are the main factors in levoglucosan net production costs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The impact of rewarding medium effort and the role of sample size
Authors: Erev Ido , Gilboa Freedman Gail , Roth Yefim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe take the point‐of‐view of designers of incentive systems who cannot reward the behavior they most desire, and must decide whether to reward a less desired behavior. For example, when it is difficult to distinguish between the desired high‐effort strategy from a low‐effort “mimicry” strategy, policy makers may choose instead to reward medium levels of effort. Experiments 1 and 2 examine situations in which participants (the subjects of the policy) base their decisions on personal experience obtained in 100 choices with immediate feedback. The results show that rewarding medium levels of effort is effective in "reckless shortcut" settings (where a low‐effort strategy impairs participants' expected return but provides the best payoff in most cases), and is counterproductive in "treasure‐hunt shortcut" settings (where a low‐effort strategy maximizes the expected return, but provides the worst payoff in most cases). Experiment 3 suggests that this pattern is intensified when participants base their decisions on the experience of other agents. The aggregate choice rates can be captured with a two‐stage naïve sampler model that assumes reliance on small samples of past experiences, and a decrease in the sample size when learning from the experience of others. Importantly, the descriptive value of the reliance on small samples hypothesis is not a result of a tendency to rely on the most recent experiences. These findings can be explained by assuming that people rely on those experiences, which seem most similar to the current task, and that the experiences of others seem less similar.
Inferior parietal lobule and early visual areas support elicitation of individualized meanings during narrative listening
Authors: Saalasti Satu , Alho Jussi , Bar Moshe , Glerean Enrico , Honkela Timo , Kauppila Minna , Sams Mikko , Jääskeläinen Iiro P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionWhen listening to a narrative, the verbal expressions translate into meanings and flow of mental imagery. However, the same narrative can be heard quite differently based on differences in listeners' previous experiences and knowledge. We capitalized on such differences to disclose brain regions that support transformation of narrative into individualized propositional meanings and associated mental imagery by analyzing brain activity associated with behaviorally assessed individual meanings elicited by a narrative.MethodsSixteen right‐handed female subjects were instructed to list words that best described what had come to their minds while listening to an eight‐minute narrative during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The fMRI data were analyzed by calculating voxel‐wise intersubject correlation (ISC) values. We used latent semantic analysis (LSA) enhanced with Wordnet knowledge to measure semantic similarity of the produced words between subjects. Finally, we predicted the ISC with the semantic similarity using representational similarity analysis.ResultsWe found that semantic similarity in these word listings between subjects, estimated using LSA combined with WordNet knowledge, predicting similarities in brain hemodynamic activity. Subject pairs whose individual semantics were similar also exhibited similar brain activity in the bilateral supramarginal and angular gyrus of the inferior parietal lobe, and in the occipital pole.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate, using a novel method to measure interindividual differences in semantics, brain mechanisms giving rise to semantics and associated imagery during narrative listening. During listening to a captivating narrative, the inferior parietal lobe and early visual cortical areas seem, thus, to support elicitation of individual meanings and flow of mental imagery.
Can acetylcysteine ameliorate cisplatin‐induced toxicities and oxidative stress without decreasing antitumor efficacy? A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial involving patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Visacri Marília B. , Quintanilha Júlia C. F. , de Sousa Vanessa M. , Amaral Laís S. , de F. L. Ambrósio Rosiane , Calonga Luciane , Curi Silvia F. B. B. , de T. Leme Mayra F. , Chone Carlos T. , Altemani João M. C. , Mazzola Priscila G. , Malaguti Carina , Vercesi Aníbal E. , Lima Carmen S. P. , Moriel Patricia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe protective antioxidant activity of acetylcysteine (NAC) against toxicity due to cisplatin has been reported in experimental models; however, its efficacy in patients has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of NAC on cisplatin‐induced toxicity and the effect of NAC on clinical response and oxidative stress in patients treated for head and neck cancer. This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial conducted in patients receiving high‐dose cisplatin chemotherapy concomitant to radiotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to groups and received: (a) 600 mg NAC syrup, orally once daily at night for 7 consecutive days or (b) placebo, administered similarly to NAC. Nephro‐, oto‐, hepato‐, myelo‐, and gastrointestinal toxicities, clinical responses, and plasma and cellular markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Fifty‐seven patients were included (n = 28, NAC arm; and n = 29, placebo arm). A high prevalence of most types of toxicities was observed after cisplatin chemotherapy; however, the parameters were similar between the two groups. There was a predominance of partial response to treatment. In the cellular and plasmatic oxidative stress analyses, minor differences were observed. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups for all outcomes. These findings show that low‐dose oral NAC does not protect patients with head and neck cancer from cisplatin‐induced toxicities and oxidative stress. The antitumor efficacy of cisplatin was apparently not impaired by NAC.
Epidermal growth factor‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) suppressed the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by promoting Semaphorin 3B(SEMA3B)
Authors: Hu Jiangfeng , Duan Bensong , Jiang Weiliang , Fu Sengwang , Gao Hengjun , Lu Lungen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimEpidermal growth factor‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1(EFEMP1) has been found to be involved in the occurrence and development of many cancers. The relationship between EFEMP1 and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular mechanism are not fully understood.MethodsReal‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and tissue microarray were used to detect the expression of EFEMP1 in HCC cell lines and tissue. Methylation‐specific PCR assay was used to measure the methylation level of EFEMP1 in HCC cell lines and tissue. To study the function of EFEMP1 on cell function, Huh7 and HepG2 were infected with lentiviral particles expressing EFEMP1. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to examine the effect of EFEMP1 on cell proliferation. Annexin‐VAPC/7‐AAD double were used to detect the effect of EFEMP1 on cell apoptosis. To further detect the effect of EFEMP1 on the development of HCC in vivo, we performed the tumor formation experiment in nude mice. Gene chip was used to detect the expression profile of Huh7 and HepG2 overexpressing EFEMP1. To further screen out the differences, GO analysis and pathway analysis were performed. To study the effects of SEMA3B, specific siRNA was used to inhibit the expression of SEMA3B. Chi‐squared test and rank sum test were used to analyze the relationship between EFEMP1 expression and HCC clinical characteristic.ResultsThe study found that the expression of EFEMP1 was significantly decreased in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues. The expression level of EFEMP1 was related to the TNM (the extent of the tumor, the extent of spread to the lymph nodes, the presence of metastasis) stage and the prognosis of patients with HCC. The decrease of protein expression suggested that the patient prognosis was worse, and the protein level of EFEMP1 may be an independent factor in the prognosis of HCC patients. Promoter methylation may be one of the reasons for EFEMP1 inhibition. EFEMP1 could inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells and promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells to regulate the development of HCC. And EFEMP1 promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells mainly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. EFEMP1 may inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells through the SEMA3B gene in the Axon guidance pathway.ConclusionIn summary, our research revealed the regulation of EFEMP1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in HCC. EFEMP1 may suppress the growth of HCC cells by promoting SEMA3B.
Yeast Synthetic Terminators: Fine Regulation of Strength through Linker Sequences
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Wei Linna , Sheng Yue , Zhang Genlin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe design of improved synthetic components is an important research field in synthetic biology. The terminator, responsible for terminating gene transcription, is a necessary component for yeast gene expression. The efficiency element, the positioning element and the poly(A) site have been identified as the constituent parts necessary for the yeast terminator to perform its function. However, the functions of linker 1 (situated between the efficiency element and the positioning element) and linker 2 [between the positioning element and the poly(A) site] in the terminator are still controversial. Here, we have thus designed and synthesized a yeast synthetic terminator library incorporating random 10 bp linker 1 units. For indirect characterization of the strengths of 266 synthetic terminators with the aid of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), their fluorescence intensity (FI) values were determined; they ranged from 2.3648 to 3.5270, thus indicating that the strength of yeast terminator can be finely adjusted by changing the linker 1 sequence. The strength increased with decreasing GC content in linker 1, with a T‐rich linker 1 helping to enhance terminator strength further. Reducing the stem length can increase the gene expression in cases of weak and medium‐strength terminators but decreases the gene expression of strong terminators. Deletion of linker 2 seems to have a positive effect on weak and medium‐strength terminators. Construction of a lycopene biosynthesis pathway with synthetic terminators effectively regulated lycopene synthesis, thus indicating that it is highly feasible to use terminators for fine regulation of gene and pathway expression.
Brentuximab vedotin as monotherapy for unresectable breast implant‐associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Stack Anthony , Levy Isaac 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageBI‐ALCL is a rare CD30+ T‐cell malignancy, which is known to complicate textured breast implants. The CD30‐targeting immunoconjugate, brentuximab vedotin, has been suggested for invasive BI‐ALCL; however, its efficacy for unresectable BI‐ALCL has not been demonstrated. We present a case of unresectable BI‐ALCL, which was successfully treated with brentuximab vedotin.
Effect of Substituents on Partial Photocatalytic Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Assisted by Polymeric C3N4
Authors: Krivtsov Igor , Ilkaeva Marina , García‐López Elisa I. , Marcì Giuseppe , Palmisano Leonardo , Bartashevich Ekaterina , Grigoreva Ekaterina , Matveeva Ksenia , Díaz Eva , Ordóñez Salvador 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the present work we scrutinize the effect of substituents in the phenyl ring of the benzyl alcohol on its photo‐oxidation to the corresponding benzaldehyde driven by polymeric carbon nitride photocatalyst in aqueous medium. It has been established that electron donating (ED) substituents in para‐ and ortho‐position with respect to the CH2OH‐group promote the reactivity of the substrate without compromising the selectivity towards benzaldehyde formation, maintaining it in the range of 84–98 %, if compared to the unsubstituted molecule. The same observation is true for meta‐substituted benzyl alcohol with an electron withdrawing (EW) group. On the other hand, the presence of ED‐group in meta‐position or EW‐group in para‐position with respect to the CH2OH‐group reduces the reactivity as well as the selectivity towards the aldehyde production, resulting in the values of selectivity ranging from 40 to 80 %. Quantum chemical calculations have allowed to establish that the reactivity correlates with the positive charge on the benzylic carbon in benzyl alcohol cation intermediate, while the selectivity, most probably, is conditioned by a negative charge on the carbon atoms in the phenyl ring being a target for an electrophile attack. The modification of the polymeric C3N4 photocatalyst with H2O2 reduces the unselective benzyl alcohol oxidation, thus favouring the higher selectivity towards benzaldehyde production.
Atomistic Models for Highly‐Dispersed PtSn/γ‐Al2O3 Catalysts: Ductility and Dilution Affect the Affinity for Hydrogen
Authors: Gorczyca Agnès , Raybaud Pascal , Moizan Virginie , Joly Yves , Chizallet Céline 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSupported platinum‐based sub‐nanometric particles play a central role in many catalytic applications. In particular, platinum‐tin active phases supported on γ‐Al2O3 are largely employed for dehydrogenation of alkanes and catalytic reforming of naphtha cuts, although geometric and electronic effects of the active phase in the presence of hydrogen still remains highly debated. Thanks to periodic density functional theory (DFT), we propose structural models of such systems containing thirteen metal atoms (PtxSn13‐x with 0≤x≤13) deposited on the (100) γ‐Al2O3 surface. We thus unravel the intricate effects of the composition (Pt/Sn ratio), of the support (γ‐Al2O3) and the hydrogen coverage on the stability of platinum‐tin sub‐nanometric clusters, in the case where tin is reduced (Sn0). A detailed investigation of the interaction of the supported Pt10Sn3 cluster with hydrogen by velocity‐scaled molecular dynamics provides a mapping of the hydrogen coverage as a function of the operating conditions (T, P(H2)). Our study highlights significant differences between Pt13 and PtxSn13‐x clusters in terms of ductility and dilution (also called ensemble) effects which may be at the origin of the different reactivities usually reported for Pt and PtSn supported catalysts.
Influence of Operating Conditions for Fast Pyrolysis and Pyrolysis Oil Production in a Conical Spouted‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Park Hoon Chae , Lee Byeong-Kyu , Yoo Ho Seong , Choi Hang Seok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFast pyrolysis experiments of larch sawdust were conducted in a conical spouted‐bed reactor to study the influences of reaction temperature, inlet gas velocity, feeding rate, and particle size on the product yield and pyrolysis oil quality. For the first time, the optimal conditions were determined for various pyrolysis operations of such reactor to increase the yield and quality of pyrolysis oil. The results demonstrate that the biomass particle size, reaction temperature, biomass feeding rate, and inlet gas velocity all affected the quality and yield of the pyrolysis oil, in this order.
A “Multi‐Heavy‐Atom” Approach toward Biphotonic Photosensitizers with Improved Singlet‐Oxygen Generation Properties
Authors: Galland Margaux , Le Bahers Tangui , Banyasz Akos , Lascoux Noëlle , Duperray Alain , Grichine Alexei , Tripier Raphaël , Guyot Yannick , Maynadier Marie , Nguyen Christophe , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Andraud Chantal , Monnereau Cyrille , Maury Olivier 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo trispicolinate 1,4,7‐triazacyclonane (TACN)‐based ligands bearing three picolinate biphotonic antennae were synthetized and their Yb3+ and Gd3+ complexes isolated. One series differs from the other by the absence (L1)/presence (L2) of bromine atoms on the antenna backbone, offering respectively improved optical and singlet‐oxygen generation properties. Photophysical properties of the ligands, complexes and micellar Pluronic suspensions were investigated. Complexes exhibit high two‐photon absorption cross‐section combined either with NIR emission (Yb) or excellent 1O2 generation (Gd). The very large intersystem crossing efficiency induced by the combination of bromine atom and heavy rare‐earth element was corroborated with theoretical calculations. The 1O2 generation properties of L2Gd micellar suspension under two‐photon activation leads to tumour cell death, suggesting the potential of such structures for theranostic applications.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Charge Transfer Enables C−C Bond Formation with Traceless Acceptor Groups
Authors: James Michael J. , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Sandfort Frederik , Klauck Felix J. R. , Wagener Felicitas , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development and application of traceless acceptor groups in photochemical C−C bond formation is described. This strategy was enabled by the photoexcitation of electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complexes with visible light. The traceless acceptors, which were readily prepared from amino acid and peptide feedstocks, could be used to alkylate a wide range of heteroarene and enamine donors under metal‐ and peroxide‐free conditions. The crucial role of the EDA complexes in the mechanism of these reactions was explored through combined experimental and computational studies.
Simulating Non‐linear Chemical and Physical (CAP) Dynamics of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE)
Authors: Pravdivtsev Andrey N. , Hövener Jan‐Bernd 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Andrey N. Pravdivtsev and Jan‐Bernd Hövener from Kiel University. The image depicts the essential steps that were used to model NMR signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), much more thoroughly than before. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201806133.
Mixing Yellow and Blue Turns…White!“ – Experiments on Additive Color Mixing with Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIm Beitrag werden Experimente präsentiert, anhand derer das Prinzip der additiven Farbmischung veranschaulicht werden kann. Hierbei werden – im Unterschied zu den klassischen physikalischen Versuchen – fluoreszierende Lösungen eingesetzt, die z. T. mit Hilfe von Alltagsprodukten hergestellt werden können.
Colour in urban places: A case study of Leicester City Football Club blue
Authors: Xu Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBy communicating an integrated story, the Leicester City Football Club blue inherits and persists the history and legacy of the football club, which further provides a stable and consistent meaning for the local sports culture. Colour as a medium and agency creates an intimacy and loyalty between the different ethnic and social groups across local, regional, and global contexts. The case study demonstrated that colour could give place identity through branding practice, identity mediation, and visual culture formation. The process reflected that economic and cultural force had a large impact on place‐making, and could be the decisive influence upon colour symbolism.
Brownian Particles with Rank‐Dependent Drifts: Out‐of‐Equilibrium Behavior
Authors: Cabezas M. , Dembo A. , Sarantsev A. , Sidoravicius V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the long‐range asymptotic behavior for an out‐of‐equilibrium, countable, one‐dimensional system of Brownian particles interacting through their rank‐dependent drifts. Focusing on the semi‐infinite case, where only the leftmost particle gets a constant drift to the right, we derive and solve the corresponding one‐sided Stefan (free‐boundary) equations. Via this solution we explicitly determine the limiting particle‐density profile as well as the asymptotic trajectory of the leftmost particle. While doing so we further establish stochastic domination and convergence to equilibrium results for the vector of relative spacings among the leading particles. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.