bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of discharge recommendations in type 1 diabetes depends on specialist nurse follow‐up
Authors: Tiberg I , Hansson H , Hallström I , Carlsson A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThis paper presents an implementation study following previous research including a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of hospital‐based home care (HBHC), referring to specialist care in a home‐based setting. The aim was to evaluate whether the effects sustained when rolled out into wider practice.MethodsIn 2013–2014, 42 children newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes were included in the study at a university hospital in Sweden and followed for two years. Measurements of child safety, effects of services, resource use and service quality were included. Descriptive statistics were used to present the results and then discussed in relation to the same intervention ofHBHCpreviously evaluated in anRCT.ResultsShorter in‐hospital stay was partially implemented but increased support after discharge by the diabetes nurse was not. The results indicated that the implementedHBHCwas equally effective in terms of child outcomes two years from diagnosis but less effective in terms of parents’ outcome. The results furthermore indicated that the quality of services decreased.ConclusionThe suggested overall conclusion was that the implementedHBHCservices were safe but had become less effective, at least in relation to theHBHCprovided under controlled circumstances.
Population pharmacokinetics of oral ivermectin in venous plasma and dried blood spots in healthy volunteers
Authors: Duthaler Urs , Suenderhauf Claudia , Karlsson Mats O. , Hussner Janine , Meyer zu Schwabedissen Henriette , Krähenbühl Stephan , Hammann Felix 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimsThe anthelminthic ivermectin is receiving new attention as it is being repurposed for new indications such as mass drug administrations for the treatment of scabies or in malaria vector control. As its pharmacokinetics are still poorly understood, we aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in plasma and dried blood spots (DBS), a sampling method better suited to field trials, with special focus on the influence of body composition and enterohepatic circulation.MethodsWe performed a clinical trial in 12 healthy volunteers who each received a single oral dose of 12 mg ivermectin, and collected peripheral venous and capillary DBS samples. We determined ivermectin concentrations in plasma and DBS by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a fully automated and scalable extraction system for DBS sample processing. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using non‐linear mixed effects modelling.ResultsA two‐compartment model with a transit absorption model, first‐order elimination, and weight as an influential covariate on central volume of distribution and clearance best described the data. The model estimates (inter‐individual variability) for a 70 kg subject were: apparent population clearance 7.7 (25%) l h−1, and central and peripheral volumes of distribution 89 (10%) l and 234 (20%) l, respectively. Concentrations obtained from DBS samples were strongly linearly correlated (R2 = 0.97) with plasma concentrations, and on average 30% lower.ConclusionThe model accurately depicts population pharmacokinetics of plasma and DBS concentrations over time for oral ivermectin. The proposed analytical workflow is scalable and applicable to the requirements of mass drug administrations.
Deficits in frontoparietal activation and anterior insula functional connectivity during regulation of cognitive‐affective interference in bipolar disorder
Authors: Ellard Kristen K. , Gosai Aishwarya K. , Felicione Julia M. , Peters Amy T. , Shea Conor V. , Sylvia Louisa G. , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Widge Alik S. , Dougherty Darin D. , Deckersbach Thilo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesBipolar disorders (BD) are characterized by emotion and cognitive dysregulation. Mapping deficits in the neurocircuitry of cognitive‐affective regulation allows for potential identification of intervention targets. This study used functional MRI data in BD patients and healthy controls during performance on a task requiring cognitive and inhibitory control superimposed on affective images, assessing cognitive and affective interference.MethodsFunctional MRI data were collected from 39 BD patients and 36 healthy controls during performance on the Multi‐Source Interference Task overlaid on images from the International Affective Picture System (MSIT‐IAPS). Analyses examined patterns of activation in a priori regions implicated in cognitive and emotional processing. Functional connectivity to the anterior insula during task performance was also examined, given this region's role in emotion‐cognition integration.ResultsBD patients showed significantly less activation during cognitive interference trials in inferior parietal lobule, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, mid‐cingulate, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex regardless of affective valence. BD patients showed deviations in functional connectivity with anterior insula in regions of the default mode and frontoparietal control networks during negatively valenced cognitive interference trials.ConclusionsOur findings show disruptions in cognitive regulation and inhibitory control in BD patients in the presence of irrelevant affective distractors. Results of this study suggest one pathway to dysregulation in BD is through inefficient integration of affective and cognitive information, and highlight the importance of developing interventions that target emotion‐cognition integration in BD.
The development of Messenger bots for teaching and learning and accounting students’ experience of the use thereof
Authors: Schmulian Astrid , Coetzee Stephen A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study reports on the development of two Messenger bots, designed to facilitate the learning of introductory and intermediate accounting. The Messenger bots were developed using a visual development environment that requires no coding knowledge. A thick description of the development of the Messenger bots is provided to encourage replication. It is submitted that instructors, rather than programmers, should take ownership of developing Messenger bots for teaching and learning. Preliminary exploration of the students’ satisfaction yielded positive results. Suggestions are made for specific applications of Messenger bots in teaching and learning and for further research exploring the use of Messenger bots in teaching and learning.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

Mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications (apps) have potential to facilitate effective social constructivist‐based collaborative learning.

Students extensively use MIM apps.

There is reluctance from instructors to engage in after hours MIM student consultation.

Messenger bots can deliver content on demand, using inter alia text, images and video, and the effective use thereof in teaching and learning has not yet been explored.

What this paper adds

Instructors, without coding knowledge, are enabled to develop Messenger bots for teaching and learning.

Social constructivist‐based suggestions for specific teaching and learning applications of Messenger bots are provided.

Preliminary evidence suggests students positively experienced the use of Messenger bots in their learning.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Messenger bots may support instruction in large classes.

Messenger bots may be suited to supplemental instruction rather than replacing face‐to‐face instruction.

Specific teaching and learning applications of Messenger bots should be implemented and the effectiveness thereof explored.
ON THE PROFITABILITY OF RESALE PRICE MAINTENANCE WHEN DEMAND IS UNCERTAIN
Authors: Wang Hao 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA previous study finds that in a market where a manufacturer faces uncertain demand and sells to consumers through competitive retailers, the manufacture wishes to support adequate retail inventories by imposing resale price maintenance (RPM). I show that if retail inventories are allocated to consumers throughfirst‐come‐first‐servedrule rather thanefficient rationingrule in the game with unconstrained retail competition, imposing RPM may not be profitable. It may not encourage more retail inventories either. RPM may also lower consumer surpluses and social welfare. This study casts some doubt on the demand uncertainty theory that supports RPM.
Use of social media in Canadian public administration: opportunities and barriers
Authors: Gintova Maria 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany government agencies in Canada are using social media to communicate with various audiences. Some research, however, shows that government uses social media to publish content available on its websites and does not engage in two‐way interactions. This article examines interaction on Twitter between Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) and Twitter users. It explores established government social media practices and under‐researched experiences and perspectives of government social media users. Although some of the findings are IRCC specific, users’ experiences and perspectives offer valuable insights for any government agency that uses social media.
Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 inhibits the antitumor effect of neutrophils in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Qingjie , Chi Jinghua , Xiang Fenggang , Lin Mei , Wang Wenhong , Wei Fengcai , Feng Yuanyong 
Published: December 2018

Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has multiple functions. In tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), CEACAM1 overexpression is correlated with neutrophil infiltration, and both are associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, the mechanism underlying CEACAM1's effect on neutrophil function in TSCC remains unclear. We cocultured tongue carcinoma cells overexpressing CEACAM1‐4L, CEACAM1‐4S and differentiated HL‐60 cells. This significantly upregulated the expression of MMP‐9, interleukin 8, and VEGF‐A in the differentiated HL‐60 cells and downregulated the expression of TNF‐α, relative to vector and blank control groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, CEACAM1 overexpression in tongue carcinoma cells weakened the cytotoxicity of differentiated HL‐60 cells in the coculture system (P < 0.05). Thus, CEACAM1 expression in TSCC may induce an antitumor to protumor transformation of neutrophils. We performed qRT‐PCR and ELISA to evaluate the underlying mechanism, and found that CEACAM1 expression in tongue carcinoma cells upregulated transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) expression, while blocking of TGF‐β1 inhibited the neutrophils’ changes in the coculture system. Immunohistochemical analysis of clinical specimens revealed strong expression of TGF‐β1 protein in TSCC. TGF‐β1 expression was positively correlated with CEACAM1 expression, lymph node metastasis, and tumor recurrence. Double immunofluorescence results revealed colocalization of CEACAM1 and TGF‐β1 protein in TSCC. A xenograft nude mouse model revealed that CEACAM1 overexpression in TSCC promoted tumor formation and growth, and was associated with more neutrophils infiltration. Our results indicate that CEACAM1 overexpression in TSCC may induce transformation of neutrophils from antitumor to protumor type via TGF‐β1, which may further promote tumor progression.
Children's Experience During Cultural Change
Authors: Gauvain Mary , Munroe Robert L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe process of globalization is widespread, with consequences for social and psychological development. Cultural changes associated with globalization are manifested in children's experiences—how they spend their time, interact with one another, and learn about the world. To illustrate, in this article, we describe findings from research that examined children's behaviors when formal schooling is established, the economic base changes, and small‐scale traditional communities incorporate elements from industrialized societies. The effect of cultural change on children's development is a bidirectional process, and certain characteristics of childhood may make young people more likely to be early adopters of resources that are introduced during change. We conclude by stressing the need for more research and theory on children's contribution to cultural change.
Dual Language and English‐Only Learners’ Expressive and Receptive Language Skills and Exposure to Peers’ Language
Authors: Gámez Perla B. , Griskell Holly L. , Sobrevilla Yaxal N. , Vazquez Melissa 
Published: December 2018

This study examined dual language learners’ (DLLs n = 24) and English‐only (EO n = 20) children's expressive and receptive language in kindergarten (Mage = 5.7 years) as well as the relation to peers’ language use. Expressive language skills (vocabulary diversity, syntactic complexity) were measured in the fall, winter, and spring (2014–2015 year). Receptive language skills (vocabulary, sentence comprehension) were measured in the fall and spring. Findings revealed increases in children's expressive and receptive language, except in terms of syntactic complexity. Moreover, peers’ vocabulary diversity was positively associated with children's vocabulary diversity. Peers’ syntactic complexity was positively associated with children's syntactic complexity and receptive vocabulary. Findings suggest that peers’ language use may influence DLLs’ and EO children's language learning.
Visual Constancies Amidst Changes in Handled Objects for 5‐ to 24‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Burling Joseph M. , Yoshida Hanako 
Published: December 2018

Manual skills slowly develop throughout infancy and have been shown to create clear views of objects that provide better support for visually sustained attention, recognition, memory, and learning. These clear views may coincide with the development of manual skills, or that social scaffolding supports clear viewing experiences like those generated by toddlers during active object exploration. This study used a head‐mounted eye tracker to record 5‐ to 24‐month‐olds’ object views during repeated mother‐infant play sessions (Ns = 18). Results show an early beginning of scaffolding in which parents generate views similar to those of older infants and toddlers, resulting in increased fixations to objects. The finding implicates parents as early scaffolders of object attention and learning.
To reflect human autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid peroxidase (not thyroglobulin) antibodies should be measured in female (not sex-independent) NOD.H2h4 mice
Authors: McLachlan S M , Aliesky H A , Rapoport B 
Published: December 2018

Summary
NOD.H2h4 mice are the most commonly used model for human autoimmune thyroiditis. Because thyroid autoimmunity develops slowly (over months), NOD.H2h4 mice are usually exposed to excess dietary iodide to accelerate and amplify the process. However, unlike the female bias in human thyroid autoimmunity, autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (TgAb) are reported to be similar in male and female NOD.H2h4. We sought evidence for sexual dimorphism in other parameters in this strain maintained on regular or iodized water. Without iodide, TgAb levels are higher in males than in females, the reverse of human disease. In humans, autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) are a better marker of disease than TgAb. In NOD.H2h4 mice TPOAb develop more slowly than TgAb, being detectable at 6 months of age versus 4 months for the latter. Remarkably, unlike TgAb, TPOAb levels are higher in female than male NOD.H2h4 mice on both regular and iodized water. As previously observed, serum T4 levels are similar in both sexes. However, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are significantly higher in males than females with or without iodide exposure. TSH levels correlate with TgAb levels in male NOD.H2h4 mice, suggesting a possible role for TSH in TgAb development. However, there is no correlation between TSH and TPOAb levels, the latter more important than TgAb in human disease. In conclusion, if the goal of an animal model is to closely reflect human disease, TPOAb rather than TgAb should be measured in older female NOD.H2h4 mice, an approach requiring patience and the use of mouse TPO protein.
Improved menstrual function in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome after behavioural modification intervention—A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Oberg Emma , Gidlöf Sebastian , Jakson Ivika , Mitsell Marja , Tollet Egnell Petra , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveLifestyle intervention is the recommended first‐line treatment for overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, the efficacy of lifestyle change in improving reproductive function is still unclear.DesignA randomized controlled trial (RCT) with allocation to a behavioural modification programme (intervention) or minimal intervention (control) for 4 months with a follow‐up at 12 months.PatientsSixty‐eight women, aged 18‐40 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2, fulfilling all Rotterdam PCOS criteria were randomized to treatment.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was improved menstrual regularity. Secondary outcomes were ovulation and pregnancy rates.ResultsAt 4 months, the weight loss was significant in the intervention group (−2.1%, P = 0.002) and nonsignificant in the control group (−1.0%). A higher proportion of patients in the intervention group improved menstrual regularity compared to the control group, mean difference 35% (95% CI: 16‐60), P = 0.003. There was no difference in ovulation rate between groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that intervention was the only predictor of improved menstrual function, OR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.3‐11.9). At 12 months, a total of 54% of the women improved menstrual regularity compared to baseline (P = 0.000) and 43% (P = 0.000) had confirmed ovulation. 38% of the women wishing to become pregnant succeeded within 1 year of study completion.ConclusionsThis is the first RCT in overweight women with PCOS showing efficacy in improving reproductive function following behavioural modification intervention in comparison with minimal intervention. Although extensive weight loss is difficult to achieve in these women, behavioural modification intervention can help improve reproductive function.
The relationship between mesorectal grading and oncological outcome in rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Silva‐Velazco J. , Stocchi L. , Valente M. A. , Church J. M. , Liska D. , Gorgun E. , Kalady M. F. , Kessler H. , Steele S. R. , Delaney C. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe prognostic association between mesorectal grading and oncological outcome in patients undergoing resection for rectal adenocarcinoma is controversial. The aim of this retrospective chart review was to determine the individual impact of mesorectal grading on rectal cancer outcomes.MethodWe compared oncological outcomes in patients with complete, near‐complete and incomplete mesorectum who underwent rectal excision with curative intent from 2009 to 2014 for Stage cI–III rectal adenocarcinoma. We also assessed the independent association of mesorectal grading and oncological outcome using multivariate models including other relevant variables.ResultsOut of 505 patients (339 men, median age of 60 years), 347 (69%) underwent a restorative procedure. There were 452 (89.5%), 33 (6.5%) and 20 (4%) patients with a complete, near‐complete and incomplete mesorectum, respectively. Local recurrence was seen in 2.4% (n = 12) patients after a mean follow‐up of 3.1 ± 1.7 years. Unadjusted 3‐year Kaplan–Meier analysis by mesorectal grade showed decreased rates of overall, disease‐free and cancer‐specific survival and increased rates of overall and distant recurrence with a near‐complete mesorectum, while local recurrence was increased in cases of an incomplete mesorectum (all P < 0.05). On multivariate analyses, a near‐complete mesorectum was independently associated with decreased cancer‐specific survival (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.1–0.7; P = 0.007). There were no associations between mesorectal grading and overall survival, disease‐free survival, overall recurrence or distant recurrence (all P > 0.05).ConclusionMesorectal grading is independently associated with oncological outcome. It provides unique information for optimizing surgical quality in rectal cancer.
A multinational observational study assessing insulin use: Understanding the determinants associated with progression of therapy
Authors: Ray Kausik K. , Kendall David M. , Zhao Zhenxiang , Peng Xiaomei , Caballero A. Enrique , Polonsky William H. , Nordstrom Beth L. , Fan Ludi , Curtis Bradley H. , Davies Melanie J. 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo describe global patterns of insulin treatment and to assess the impact of patient, provider, health system and economic influences on treatment decisions for patients with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsThis prospective cohort study of insulin‐treated patients with T2D was conducted across 18 countries categorized as high, upper‐middle or lower‐middle income regions. Information collected from patients included knowledge of diabetes, experiences and interactions with their healthcare provider. Physician information included specialty, practice size, availability of diabetes support services, volume of diabetes patients treated and time spent per patient. Physicians determined an individualized haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) target for each patient by the start of the study. Changes in T2D therapies and HbA1c were recorded for 2 years.ResultsComplete treatment data were available for 2528 patients. Median age was 61 years and median duration of diabetes was 11.4 years. Changes to treatment regimen occurred in 90.0% of patients, but changes were less common in countries with a higher economic status (P < 0.001). Most treatment changes involved insulin, with changes in dose the most common. Overall predictors of change in insulin therapy included younger age, use of any insulin regimen other than basal only, higher mean baseline HbA1c and longer duration of T2D. HbA1c levels remained constant regardless of regional economic status. At baseline, 20.6% of patients were at their HbA1c target; at 2 years this was 26.8%.ConclusionsAmong insulin‐treated patients with T2D, treatment changes were common; however, only approximately one‐fourth of individuals achieved their HbA1c target.
Kalirin‐7 prevents dendritic spine dysgenesis induced by amyloid beta‐derived oligomers
Authors: Xie Zhong , Shapiro Lauren P. , Cahill Michael E. , Russell Theron A. , Lacor Pascale N. , Klein William L. , Penzes Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSynapse degeneration and dendritic spine dysgenesis are believed to be crucial early steps in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and correlate with cognitive deficits in AD patients. Soluble amyloid beta (Aβ)‐derived oligomers, also termed Aβ‐derived diffusible ligands (ADDLs), accumulate in the brain of AD patients and play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. ADDLs bind to mature hippocampal neurons, induce structural changes in dendritic spines and contribute to neuronal death. However, mechanisms underlying structural and toxic effects are not fully understood. Here, we report that ADDLs bind to cultured mature cortical pyramidal neurons and induce spine dysgenesis. ADDL treatment induced the rapid depletion of kalirin‐7, a brain‐specific guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rac1, from spines. Kalirin‐7 is a key regulator of dendritic spine morphogenesis and maintenance in forebrain pyramidal neurons and here we show that overexpression of kalirin‐7 prevents ADDL‐induced spine degeneration. Taken together, our results suggest that kalirin‐7 may play a role in the early events leading to synapse degeneration, and its pharmacological activation may prevent or delay synapse pathology in AD.