bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective evaluation of ventricular assist device risk scores’ capacity to predict cardiopulmonary exercise parameters
Authors: Dorken Gallastegi Ander , Öztürk Pelin , Demir Emre , Engin Çağatay , Nalbantgil Sanem , Yağdı Tahir , Özbaran Mustafa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Risk scores for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy are known to predict morbidity and adverse events in addition to mortality. This study evaluates the capacity of popular LVAD risk scores to predict cardiopulmonary exercise parameters.

METHODS
Adult patients undergoing continuous flow LVAD implantation were prospectively followed. Five risk scores were calculated before implantation: Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), MELD excluding international normalized ratio (MELD-XI), MELD including sodium (MELD-Na), HeartMate2 Risk Score (HMRS) and Destination Therapy Risk Score (DTRS). Cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) were performed before and after implantation; peak oxygen consumption (vO2max), the lowest ventilation to carbon dioxide output ratio (vE/vCO2) and exercise time were measured.

RESULTS
Ninety-two patients were implanted during the study period; of these, 30 patients completed preimplantation and postimplantation CPETs (CPET cohort). The mean preimplantation and postimplantation CPET dates were 29 ± 10 days before and 109 ± 5 days following implantation. CPET parameters significantly improved after implantation (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, MELD, MELD-XI, MELD-Na and HMRS independently predicted both preimplantation and postimplantation vE/vCO2, while MELD-Na and HMRS were also independent predictors of preimplantation and postimplantation vO2max, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Four preimplantation LVAD risk scores (HMRS, MELD, MELD-Na and MELD-XI) independently predict important cardiopulmonary exercise parameters such as vE/vCO2 and vO2 max in LVAD therapy. Out of these 4 risk scores, MELD-Na and HMRS appear to be the best predictors of preimplantation and postimplantation CPET parameters, respectively.
Three-dimensional printing in adult cardiovascular medicine for surgical and transcatheter procedural planning, teaching and technological innovation
Authors: Ferrari Enrico , Gallo Michele , Wang Changtian , Zhang Lei , Taramasso Maurizio , Maisano Francesco , Pirelli Luigi , Berdajs Denis , von Segesser Ludwig Karl 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D)-printing technologies in cardiovascular surgery have provided a new way to tailor surgical and percutaneous treatments. Digital information from standard cardiac imaging is integrated into physical 3D models for an accurate spatial visualization of anatomical details. We reviewed the available literature and analysed the different printing technologies, the required procedural steps for 3D prototyping, the used cardiac imaging, the available materials and the clinical implications. We have highlighted different materials used to replicate aortic and mitral valves, vessels and myocardial properties. 3D printing allows a heuristic approach to investigate complex cardiovascular diseases, and it is a unique patient-specific technology providing enhanced understanding and tactile representation of cardiovascular anatomies for the procedural planning and decision-making process. 3D printing may also be used for medical education and surgical/transcatheter training. Communication between doctors and patients can also benefit from 3D models by improving the patient understanding of pathologies. Furthermore, medical device development and testing can be performed with rapid 3D prototyping. Additionally, widespread application of 3D printing in the cardiovascular field combined with tissue engineering will pave the way to 3D-bioprinted tissues for regenerative medicinal applications and 3D-printed organs.
IgG immune complexes with Staphylococcus aureus protein A enhance osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by stimulating Fc receptors and TLR2
Authors: Kamohara Asana , Hirata Hirohito , Xu Xianghe , Shiraki Makoto , Yamada Sakuo , Zhang Jing-Qi , Kukita Toshio , Toyonaga Kenji , Hara Hiromitsu , Urano Yasuteru , Yamashita Yoshio , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Kukita Akiko 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a main pathogen of osteomyelitis and protein A is a virulence factor with high affinity for IgG. In this study, we investigated whether S. aureus affects the differentiation and bone resorption of osteoclasts through the IgG-binding capacity of protein A. Staphylococcus aureus pre-treated with serum or IgG showed marked enhancement in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption compared to non-treated S. aureus or a protein A-deficient mutant. Blocking of the Fc receptor and deletion of the Fcγ receptor gene in osteoclast precursor cells showed that enhanced osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus IgG immune complexes (ICs) was mediated by the Fc receptor on osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs but not the protein A-deficient mutant was markedly reduced in osteoclast precursor cells of Myd88-knockout mice. Moreover, NFATc1, Syk and NF-κB signals were necessary for osteoclastogenesis stimulated by S. aureus ICs. The results suggest the contribution of a of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-Myd88 signal to the activity of S. aureus ICs. We further examined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that is known to be enhanced by FcγR-TLR cross-talk. Osteoclasts induced by S. aureus ICs showed higher expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and marked stimulation of proton secretion of osteoclasts activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, injection of S. aureus, but not the protein A-deficient mutant, exacerbated bone loss in implantation and intra-peritoneal administration mouse models. Our results provide a novel mechanistic aspect of bone loss induced by S. aureus in which ICs and both Fc receptors and TLR pathways are involved.
Impact of Temperature Storage Conditions of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs on Parasitism by Anastatus reduvii (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)
Authors: Ogburn Emily C , Walgenbach James F 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys Stål, is an invasive species of Asian origin that is an important agricultural pest in the eastern United States. Sentinel egg masses are tools used to assess the impact of natural enemies on H. halys populations. To determine the effect of host egg age and storage conditions on their susceptibility to parasitism, H. halys eggs were stored at different temperatures for different lengths of time and then exposed to Anastatus reduvii (Howard), a native natural enemy of H. halys occurring in eastern North America. For eggs stored at 15, 20, and 25°C and then exposed to A. reduvii, the number of host eggs from which parasitoid offspring emerged declined with age of eggs. Control eggs (exposed to parasitoids without being stored) and those eggs stored for only 5.5 degree-days (DD) (=0.5 days) at 25°C yielded the highest percentage of parasitoids at 88.2 and 88.3%, respectively. For eggs stored at 20 and 25°C for 7.3 DD to about 36 DD, offspring emerged from about 58 to 73% of eggs, and total parasitism (emerged + unemerged parasitoids) ranged from about 70 to 80%. Parasitoid emergence was significantly lower for host eggs stored at 15°C for comparable times at 20 and 25°C. Stink bugs nymphs hatched from <0.6% of all eggs. Parasitoid-induced host egg abortion was an important component of egg mortality caused by A. reduvii, with underdeveloped stink bug nymphs, undifferentiated cell contents, and parasitoid host feeding occurring across all storage treatments.
Dreams of Destiny and Omens of Greatness: Exceptionalism in Ottoman Political and Historical Thought
Authors: Menchinger Ethan L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article uses dreams, portents, and prognostications as an entry point into what some scholars have recently called ‘Ottoman exceptionalism’. Drawing on sources in Turkish and Arabic, it traces beliefs about the Ottoman dynasty and empire’s superiority, divine favour, and special role in history from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. I begin with the ‘seeds’ of the topic in the empire’s early years and myths of origin, including a number of dream stories, before moving to full-scale political exceptionalism. Looking closer, I then identify an eschatological strand in the lead-up to the Islamic millennium that centred on the dynasty’s role in the end time. The millennium’s uneventful passing led to the dissolution of this strand but not of ideas about exceptionalism itself, which in later forms turned inward, depicting the empire as ‘eternal’ and projecting its rule to an undetermined future period.
Assessing the risks to United States and Canadian mammals caused by climate change using a trait-mediated model
Authors: McCain Christy M 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA set of 182 populations of 76 mammal species in the United States and Canada, examined in natural conditions with minimized disturbances or management effects, shows that responses to climate change include negative responses, such as elevational range contractions, upward shifts and decreases in abundance, positive responses, such as range expansions, and no detectable responses. Responses vary among and within mammal species but many are correlated with species traits, particularly the responses linked to high extinction risks (= climate change risk: decreases in population sizes, range contractions, local extirpations). The traits showing the strongest links to differential responses to climate change are 1) body size—large mammals respond more often and most negatively to climate change, 2) activity times—few mammals with flexible active times respond to climate change, and 3) spatial distribution—high-latitude and high-elevation mammals responded more often to climate change. Using these traits and two approaches to trait weighting, I modeled the relative climate change risk for all 328 terrestrial, nonvolant mammal species in the United States and Canada across 10 levels of risk (low = 1–2, moderate = 3–4, moderate-high = 5–6, high = 7–8, very high = 9–10). The models predicted that 15% of these mammalian species are in the high- and very high-risk categories, including species from most orders. Many mammal populations and species listed as of conservation concern due to other human impacts by national or international agencies are also predicted by my models to be in the higher categories of climate change risk. My intention for these models is to clarify for managers and researchers which, where, and how mammals are responding to climate change relatively independent of other anthropogenic stressors (e.g., large-scale habitat change, overhunting) and to provide a preliminary assessment of species most in need of careful monitoring for climate change impacts.
Improving the accuracy of simulated chaotic N-body orbits using smoothness
Authors: Hernandez David M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Symplectic integrators are a foundation to the study of dynamical N-body phenomena, at scales ranging from planetary to cosmological. These integrators preserve the Poincaré invariants of Hamiltonian dynamics. The N-body Hamiltonian has another, perhaps overlooked, symmetry: it is smooth, or, in other words, it has infinite differentiability class order (DCO) for particle separations greater than 0. Popular symplectic integrators, such as hybrid methods or block adaptive stepping methods do not come from smooth Hamiltonians and it is perhaps unclear whether they should. We investigate the importance of this symmetry by considering hybrid integrators, whose DCO can be tuned easily. Hybrid methods are smooth, except at a finite number of phase space points. We study chaotic planetary orbits in a test considered by Wisdom. We find that increasing smoothness, at negligible extra computational cost in particular tests, improves the Jacobi constant error of the orbits by about 5 orders of magnitude in long-term simulations. The results from this work suggest that smoothness of the N-body Hamiltonian is a property worth preserving in simulations.
Clocking the formation of today’s largest galaxies: wide field integral spectroscopy of brightest cluster galaxies and their surroundings
Authors: Edwards Louise O V , Salinas Matthew , Stanley Steffanie , Holguin West Priscilla E , Trierweiler Isabella , Alpert Hannah , Coelho Paula , Koppaka Saisneha , Tremblay Grant R , Martel Hugo , Li Yuan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The formation and evolution of local brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) is investigated by determining the stellar populations and dynamics from the galaxy core, through the outskirts and into the intracluster light (ICL). Integral spectroscopy of 23 BCGs observed out to $4\, r_{e}$ is collected and high signal-to-noise regions are identified. Stellar population synthesis codes are used to determine the age, metallicity, velocity, and velocity dispersion of stars within each region. The ICL spectra are best modelled with populations that are younger and less metal-rich than those of the BCG cores. The average BCG core age of the sample is $\rm 13.3\pm 2.8\, Gyr$ and the average metallicity is $\rm [Fe/H] = 0.30\pm 0.09$, whereas for the ICL the average age is $\rm 9.2\pm 3.5\, Gyr$ and the average metallicity is $\rm [Fe/H] = 0.18\pm 0.16$. The velocity dispersion profile is seen to be rising or flat in most of the sample (17/23), and those with rising values reach the value of the host cluster’s velocity dispersion in several cases. The most extended BCGs are closest to the peak of the cluster’s X-ray luminosity. The results are consistent with the idea that the BCG cores and inner regions formed quickly and long ago, with the outer regions and ICL forming more recently, and continuing to assemble through minor merging. Any recent star formation in the BCGs is a minor component, and is associated with the cluster cool core status.
Tolerance to Selenoprotein Loss Differs between Human and Mouse
Authors: Santesmasses Didac , Mariotti Marco , Gladyshev Vadim N 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMouse has emerged as the most common model organism in biomedicine. Here, we analyzed the tolerance to the loss-of-function (LoF) of selenoprotein genes, estimated from mouse knockouts and the frequency of LoF variants in humans. We found not only a general correspondence in tolerance (e.g., GPX1, GPX2) and intolerance (TXNRD1, SELENOT) to gene LoF between humans and mice but also important differences. Notably, humans are intolerant to the loss of iodothyronine deiodinases, whereas their deletion in mice leads to mild phenotypes, and this is consistent with phenotype differences in selenocysteine machinery loss between these species. In contrast, loss of TXNRD2 and GPX4 is lethal in mice but may be tolerated in humans. We further identified the first human SELENOP variants coding for proteins varying in selenocysteine content. Finally, our analyses suggested that premature termination codons in selenoprotein genes trigger nonsense-mediated decay, but do this inefficiently when UGA codon is gained. Overall, our study highlights differences in the physiological importance of selenoproteins between human and mouse.
TSPO deficiency induces mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to hypoxia, angiogenesis, and a growth-promoting metabolic shift toward glycolysis in glioblastoma
Authors: Fu Yi , Wang Dongdong , Wang Huaishan , Cai Menghua , Li Chao , Zhang Xue , Chen Hui , Hu Yu , Zhang Xuan , Ying Mingyao , He Wei , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The ligands of mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) have been widely used as diagnostic biomarkers for glioma. However, the true biological actions of TSPO in vivo and its role in glioma tumorigenesis remain elusive.

Methods
TSPO knockout xenograft and spontaneous mouse glioma models were employed to assess the roles of TSPO in the pathogenesis of glioma. A Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer was used to evaluate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in TSPO knockout and wild-type glioma cells.

Results
TSPO deficiency promoted glioma cell proliferation in vitro in mouse GL261 cells and patient-derived stem cell–like GBM1B cells. TSPO knockout increased glioma growth and angiogenesis in intracranial xenografts and a mouse spontaneous glioma model. Loss of TSPO resulted in a greater number of fragmented mitochondria, increased glucose uptake and lactic acid conversion, decreased oxidative phosphorylation, and increased glycolysis.

Conclusion
TSPO serves as a key regulator of glioma growth and malignancy by controlling the metabolic balance between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
1. TSPO deficiency promotes glioma growth and angiogenesis.
2. TSPO regulates the balance between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
Acquired Personality Disturbances After Meningioma Resection Are Strongly Associated With Impaired Quality of Life
Authors: Barrash Joseph , Abel Taylor J , Okerstrom-Jezewski Katrina L , Zanaty Mario , Bruss Joel E , Manzel Kenneth , Howard Matthew , Tranel Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Some patients experience long-term declines in quality of life following meningioma resection, but associated factors are not well understood.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether long-term declines in quality of life (specifically impaired adaptive functioning) after meningioma resection are associated with specific personality disturbances that often develop with lesions in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).

METHODS
We studied 38 patients who underwent resection of meningioma, 18 of whom had vmPFC lesions and 20 with lesions elsewhere (non-vmPFC). A total of 30 personality characteristics were rated by spouse or family, and a neuropsychologist blindly rated adaptive functioning an average of 3.8 yr postresection. Relevant personality disturbance was defined by a priori process: the presence of “conjoint personality disturbance” required specific disturbances in at least 2 of 4 types of disturbance: executive disorders, disturbed social behavior, emotional dysregulation, and hypoemotionality.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients had impaired adaptive functioning: 12 had vmPFC lesions and 2 had non-vmPFC lesions. Fourteen patients had conjoint personality disturbance, and 12 of them had impaired adaptive functioning. By contrast, among the 24 patients who did not have conjoint personality disturbance, only 2 had impaired adaptive functioning. Mediation analysis showed that the association between vmPFC lesions and impaired adaptive functioning was mediated by the negative impact of acquired personality disturbance on adaptive functioning.

CONCLUSION
Anterior skull base meningiomas plus resection surgery may result in specific personality disturbances that are highly associated with impaired adaptive functioning at long-term follow-up. These patients may benefit from early counseling regarding potential personality changes and their implications for adaptive functioning.
Anatomic and Thermometric Analysis of Cranial Nerve Palsy after Laser Amygdalohippocampotomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Huang Yuhao , Leung Steven A , Parker Jonathon J , Ho Allen L , Wintermark Max , Patel Sohil H , Pauly Kim Butts , Kakusa Bina W , Beres Shannon J , Henderson Jaimie M , Grant Gerald A , Halpern Casey H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive therapy for treating medication-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Cranial nerve (CN) palsy has been reported as a procedural complication, but the mechanism of this complication is not understood.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the cause of postoperative CN palsy after LITT.

METHODS
Four medial temporal lobe epilepsy patients with CN palsy after LITT were identified for comparison with 22 consecutive patients with no palsy. We evaluated individual variation in the distance between CN III and the uncus, and CN IV and the parahippocampal gyrus using preoperative T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Intraoperative MR thermometry was used to estimate temperature changes.

RESULTS
CN III (n = 2) and CN IV palsies (n = 2) were reported. On preoperative imaging, the majority of identified CN III (54%) and CN IV (43%) were located within 1 to 2 mm of the uncus and parahippocampal gyrus tissue border, respectively. Affected CN III and CN IV were more likely to be found < 1 mm of the tissue border (PCNIII
= .03, PCNIV
< .01; chi-squared test). Retrospective assessment of thermal profile during ablation showed higher temperature rise along the mesial temporal lobe tissue border in affected CNs than unaffected CNs after controlling for distance (12.9°C vs 5.8°C; P = .03; 2-sample t-test).

CONCLUSION
CN palsy after LITT likely results from direct heating of the respective CN running at extreme proximity to the mesial temporal lobe. Low-temperature thresholds set at the border of the mesial temporal lobe in patients whose CNs are at close proximity may reduce this risk.
5. Isolated head drop: first symptom of anti-synthetase syndrome
Authors: Parker Lucy , Soliotis Fotini 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Head drop is an unusual clinical manifestation of myositis or neuromuscular weakness, and typically requires extensive investigation to identify the underlying pathology. Case report data are limited on this topic.

Case description
A 72-year-old man with a background of extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) negative mixed connective tissue disease, trigeminal neuralgia, interstitial nephritis and ischaemic heart disease presented with an isolated head drop. On further prompting, he confirmed mild shortness of breath on exertion. He had sclerodactyly but no features of mechanic’s hands. Serum creatinine kinase was 1398 IU/L. Electromyography was myelopathic. Muscle biopsy taken from the neck was inconclusive. He had a strongly positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) test, and borderline myositis ENA panel result with borderline positive anti-EJ antibody.
The myositis panel result prompted further investigation for underlying interstitial lung disease. Pulmonary function testing revealed a restrictive picture, with KCO of 82%. High resolution computed tomography showed areas of fine interstitial fibrotic change in all lobes.
He was treated with a reducing course of oral prednisolone and 15mg weekly oral methotrexate with an excellent clinical response, with resolution of the head drop and normalisation of serum CK value. Repeat pulmonary function testing remains stable after 5 months.

Discussion
This is an unusual presentation of presumed anti-synthetase syndrome. As methotrexate had already been prescribed before the underlying lung pathology was identified with resulting excellent clinical response and stable respiratory symptoms, a multi-disciplinary decision was made to continue with this choice of disease modifying agent. The decision to use methotrexate in the presence of interstitial fibrosis is always difficult, and requires close liaison between rheumatology and respiratory colleagues.

Key learning points
Positive anti-synthetase antibodies should prompt further investigation for underlying interstitial lung disease. Head drop can be a first symptom of autoimmune myositis and warrants further investigation.

Conflicts of interest
The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.