bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of radiotherapy for bladder cancer: A population-based study of evolving referral and practice patterns
Authors: Wei Xuejiao , Siemens D. Robert , Mackillop William J. , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Definitive treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer includes either cystectomy or radiotherapy (RT). We describe use of RT and radiation oncology (RO) referral patterns in the contemporary era.
Methods: The Ontario Cancer Registry and linked records of treatment were used to identify all patients who received cystectomy or RT for bladder cancer from 1994–2013. Physician billing records were linked to identify RO consultation before radical treatment. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine patient factors and physician-level variation in referral to RO and use of RT.
Results: A total of 7461 patients underwent cystectomy or RT for bladder cancer from 1994–2013; 5574 (75%) had cystectomy and 1887 (25%) had RT. Use of RT decreased from 43% (126/289) in 1994 to 23% (112/478) in 2008 and remained stable from 2009– 2013 (23%, 507/2202). RO referral rate among all cases decreased from 46% (134/289) in 1994 to 30% (143/478) in 2008; however, the rates began to rise in the contemporary era from 31% (137/442) in 2009 to 37% (165/448) in 2013 (p=0.03). Patient factors associated with use of RT include older age, greater comorbidity, and geographic location. Surgeon-level factors associated with greater preoperative referral to RO include higher surgeon case volume and practicing in a teaching hospital.
Conclusions: One-quarter of patients treated with curative intent therapy for bladder cancer receive RT. While referral rates to RO are increasing, future data will identify the extent to which this has altered practice. Collaborative efforts promoting multidisciplinary care and RO consultation before radical treatment are warranted.
Preoperative pad usage is independently associated with failure of non-adjustable male trans-obturator slings in otherwise well-selected patients
Authors: Zemp Logan , Tong Stephen , Hoy Nathan , Rourke Keith F. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Our objective was to determine which clinical factors are associated with failure to achieve continence after nonadjustable trans-obturator sling in otherwise well-selected men undergoing treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI).
Methods: A retrospective review of AdVance/AdVanceTM XP male sling procedures was performed from December 2006 to May 2017. Patients with known risk factors for sling failure, including severe incontinence (>5 pads), radiation therapy, or detrusor dysfunction, were excluded. The primary outcome was failure to achieve continence, defined as ≤1 pad per day when pad use was ≥2 preoperatively (or 0 pads if preoperative pad use was 1). Covariates included patient age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), diabetes, obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥35), type of prostatectomy, and number of preoperative pads. Descriptive statistics and Cox regression analysis was performed.
Results: Of 158 patients, continence was achieved in 82.3% (n=130) with a mean followup of 42.7 months. Patient-reported satisfaction was 86.7% (n=137) and the 90-day complication rate was 12% (n=19). On univariate Cox regression analysis, increasing age (p=0.02), CCI (p=0.02), and preoperative pad use (p<0.0001) were associated with sling failure, whereas obesity (p=0.95), diabetes (p=0.49), and type of prostatectomy (p=0.88) were not. On multivariate analysis, only increasing preoperative pad use remained associated with sling failure (hazard ratio [HR] 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–16; p=0.008). Patients wearing >3 pads per day were more likely to experience failure (35.5% vs. 13.4%; p=0.007).
Conclusions: Increasing preoperative pad use is independently associated with an increased risk of failure after non-adjustable sling for post-prostatectomy incontinence in otherwise well-selected patients.
Mongolia and the Dilemmas of Deepening Eurasian Continentalism
Authors: Campi Alicia 
Published: September 2018

Mongolia is geographically in the heart of the Asian continent. In the 20th century it was part of the geopolitical “Great Game” among Russia, China, and Japan. In the 21st century, the pull of energy and mineral resource economics has changed the circumstances of the Eurasian continental paradigm and could provide the opportunity for this landlocked, Inner Asian country to find economic success, strengthen its national identity, and raise its globalimage. This paper will examine Mongolian reaction to the various Silk Roadinfluencedpolicies of its neighbors as it struggles not to be ignored in the emerging continental dynamism.
De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of genes related to salt stress response in Glehnia littoralis
Authors: Li Li , Li Mimi , Qi Xiwu , Tang Xingli , Zhou Yifeng 
Published: September 2018

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses affecting plant growth, development, and reproduction. Salt stress also affects the accumulation of some secondary metabolites in plants. Glehnia littoralis is an endangered medicinal halophyte that grows in coastal habitats. Peeled and dried Glehnia littoralis roots, named Radix Glehniae, have been used traditionally as a Chinese herbal medicine. Although Glehnia littoralis has great ecological and commercial value, salt-related mechanisms in Glehnia littoralis remain largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome of Glehnia littoralis in response to salt stress by RNA-sequencing to identify potential salt tolerance gene networks. After de novo assembly, we obtained 105,875 unigenes, of which 75,559 were annotated in public databases. We identified 10,335 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; false discovery rate <0.05 and |log2 fold-change| ≥ 1) between NaCl treatment (GL2) and control (GL1), with 5,018 upregulated and 5,317 downregulated DEGs. To further this investigation, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. DEGs involved in secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, plant signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors in response to salt stress were analysed. In addition, we tested the gene expression of 15 unigenes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to confirm the RNA-sequencing results. Our findings represent a large-scale assessment of the Glehnia littoralis gene resource, and provide useful information for exploring its molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Moreover, genes enriched in metabolic pathways could be used to investigate potential biosynthetic pathways of active compounds by Glehnia littoralis.
Immune Responsive Release of Tacrolimus to Overcome Organ Transplant Rejection
Authors: Wu Jindao , Zheng Zhen , Chong Yuanyuan , Li Xiangcheng , Pu Liyong , Tang Qiyun , Yang Liu , Wang Xuehao , Wang Fuqiang , Liang Gaolin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransplant rejection is the key problem in organ transplantation and, in clinic, immunosuppressive agents such as tacrolimus are directly administered to the recipients after surgery for T‐cell inhibition. However, direct administration of tacrolimus may bring severe side effects to the recipients. Herein, by rational design of two hydrogelators NapPhePheGluTyrOH (1) and Nap
d‐Phe
dPheGluTyrOH (2), a facile method of immune responsive release of tacrolimus is developed from their hydrogels to overcome organ transplantation rejection. Upon incubation with protein tyrosine kinase, which is activated in T cells after organ transplantation, the tacrolimus‐encapsulating Gel 1 or Gel 2 is disassembled to release tacrolimus. Cell experiments show that both Gel 1 and Gel 2 have better inhibition effect on the activated T cells than free drug tacrolimus. Liver transplantation experiments indicate that, after 7 days of treatment of same dose tacrolimus, the recipient rats in the Gel 2 group show significantly extended median survival time of 22 days while the recipients treated with conventional tacrolimus medication have a median survival time of 13 days. It is expected herein that this “smart” facile method of immune responsive release of tacrolimus can be applied to overcome organ transplantation rejection in clinic in the near future.
Truly Low Temperature Sintering of Printed Copper Ink Using Formic Acid
Authors: Hermerschmidt Felix , Burmeister David , Ligorio Giovanni , Pozov Sergey M. , Ward Richard , Choulis Stelios A. , List‐Kratochvil Emil J. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLow cost electronics are targeted by using solution‐based, upscalable printing technologies, focusing on cost‐efficient materials and additive processes to yield conducting structures with minimal material consumption. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can form the basis for such processes. However, due to the susceptibility of Cu to oxidation, the usual postdeposition treatment methods include expensive and instrumentally elaborate flash lamp and laser sintering approaches. A simple, truly low temperature (130 °C), easy to scale process is reported by using formic acid to sinter structures that are inkjet‐printed using an industrial scale CuNP ink. Electrical conductivity of up to 16% bulk Cu is observed when sintering is carried out at 130 °C and more than 25% bulk Cu conductivity is observed above 150 °C. Four‐point measurements and photoemission spectroscopy detail the formation of a conducting Cu film under the influence of formic acid. Adhesion and bending tests confirm the stability of the thin (<500 nm) printed structures to up to 2% tensile strain. The developed sintering process is specifically targeted for flexible low cost and low temperature compatible plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate. The results underline the suitability of the inkjet process for upscalable Cu electrode production in electronic devices.
Mechanical and flow properties of blends of polypropylene and powder coating recyclates with and without addition of maleic anhydride
Authors: Kismet Yilmaz , Wagner Manfred H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this research, from 10% to 40% by weight of hydrolyzed powder coating recyclates were used as filler in polypropylene (PP). Firstly, PP and filler were dry‐mixed and then, in order to get a homogeneous mixture, were extruded at 180°C. The resulting compounds were cooled and granulated, and by use of an injection molding machine at 180–200°C, standard tensile test bars were produced. Tensile stress, three‐point bending strength, and izod impact strength of these specimens containing different types of filler and different filler concentrations were tested. The results are presented, and the effects of type and content of hydrolyzed powder coating waste on the mechanical properties of polypropylene are discussed. Also, the change in melt flow index of polypropylene as a function of filler content is analyzed. Furthermore, the bonding mechanism of filler and matrix material was examined by electron microscopy.
Current concepts on epilepsy management in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Canevini Maria Paola , Kotulska‐Jozwiak Katarzyna , Curatolo Paolo , La Briola Francesca , Peron Angela , Słowińska Monika , Strzelecka Jolanta , Vignoli Aglaia , Jóźwiak Sergiusz 
Published: September 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease affecting approximately 1 in 6,000 people, and represents one of the most common genetic causes of epilepsy.Epilepsy affects 90% of the patients and appears in the first 2 years of life in the majority of them. Early onset of epilepsy in the first 12 months of life is associated with high risk of cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric problems including autism.Prenatal or early infantile diagnosis of TSC, before the onset of epilepsy, provides a unique opportunity to monitor EEG before the onset of clinical seizures, thus enabling early intervention in the process of epileptogenesis.In this review, we discuss the current status of knowledge on epileptogenesis in TSC, and present recommendations of American and European experts in the field of epilepsy.
Impact of genetic variants of GLCCI1 on operational therapy in Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Liu Shuangxi , Che Na , Fan Kai , Xu Feifei , Qin Mali , Zhang Ruxin , Ge Rongmin , Yu Shaoqing 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEndoscopic surgery and postoperative glucocorticoids may effectively control inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, some patients who are insensitive to glucocorticoids have a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that the GLCCI1 polymorphism is related to sensitivity to glucocorticoids, but no study has been conducted in China to investigate the relationship between GLCCI1 polymorphisms and postoperative prognosis of CRS.MethodsA total of 208 CRS patients received routine functional endonasal sinus surgery and then were treated with glucocorticoids. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism was employed to detect the rs37973G/A polymorphism of GLCCI1. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Lund‐Kennedy score, and computed tomography (CT) Lund‐Mackay score were determined 6 months after surgery among patients with different genotypes. Moreover, the polymorphism frequency was compared among different subgroups.ResultsThere were no marked differences in VAS score, Lund‐Kennedy score, or CT Lund‐Mackay score among patients with different genotypes before surgery. In patients with the AA genotype, the changes in VAS score, Lund‐Kennedy score, and CT Lund‐Mackay scores were significantly higher than in patients with the GA/GG genotype (p < 0.05). However, there were no marked differences between patients with the GA genotype and those with the GG genotype (p > 0.05). Compared with patients with non‐eosinophilic sinusitis, the difference between the AA genotype and the GA/GG genotype was more evident in patients with eosinophilic sinusitis (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe rs37973 polymorphism is related to postoperative recovery from CRS for individual sensitivity to glucocorticoids. Furthermore, AA genotype was associated with better treatment response in CRS.
Red‐Shifted Fluorogenic Substrate for Detection of lacZ‐Positive Cells in Living Tissue with Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Kawamata Yu , Kamiya Mako , Tsuda‐Sakurai Kayoko , Tanaka Shinji , Ueno Tasuku , Komatsu Toru , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Okabe Shigeo , Miura Masayuki , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Escherichia coli lacZ gene encoding β‐galactosidase is a widely used reporter, but few synthetic substrates are available for detecting its activity with single‐cell resolution in living samples. Our recently reported fluorogenic substrate SPiDER‐βGal is suitable for this purpose, but its hydrolysis product shows green fluorescence emission, and a red‐shifted analogue is therefore required for use in combination with green fluorescent protein (GFP) markers. Herein, we describe the development of a red‐shifted fluorogenic substrate for β‐galactosidase, SPiDER‐Red‐βGal, based on a silicon rhodol scaffold and a carboxylic group as the intramolecular nucleophile. LacZ‐positive cells were successfully labeled with SPiDER‐Red‐βGal at single‐cell resolution in living samples, which enabled us to visualize different cell types in combination with GFP markers.
Intermolecular Allylic C−H Etherification of Internal Olefins
Authors: Nelson Taylor A. F. , Blakey Simon B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerein we report on the development of an oxidative allylic C−H etherification reaction, utilizing internal olefins and alcohols as simple precursors. Key advances include the use of RhCp* complexes to promote the allylic C−H functionalization of internal olefins and the compatibility of the oxidative conditions with oxidatively sensitive alcohols, enabling the direct etherification reaction. Preliminary mechanistic studies, consistent with C−H functionalization as the rate determining step, are presented.
Novel sulfamate derivatives of menthol: Synthesis, characterization, and cholinesterases and carbonic anhydrase enzymes inhibition properties
Authors: Daryadel Shahla , Atmaca Ufuk , Taslimi Parham , Gülçin İlhami , Çelik Murat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSulfamates have a large spectrum of biological activities including enzyme inhibition. Eight sulfamates derived from menthol (2a–h) were synthesized. Also, in the other section of this study, novel sulfamate derivatives of menthol were tested against some metabolic enzymes including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes (hCAs I and II). The newly synthesized novel menthol sulfamate and menthol carbonyl sulfamate derivatives showed Ki values in the range of 34.37 ± 8.17 to 53.40 ± 10.61 nM against hCA I, 12.91 ± 4.57 to 38.67 ± 6.22 nM against hCA II, 111.17 ± 52.36 to 522.86 ± 120.08 nM against AChE, and 50.01 ± 11.73 to 109.63 ± 50.08 nM against BChE. As a result, the novel menthol sulfamate and menthol carbonyl sulfamate derivatives can be promising Alzheimer's disease drug candidates and novel hCA I and hCA II enzymes inhibitors.
Control Design for Artificial Swarm Mechanical Systems: Dynamics, Uncertainty, and Constraint
Authors: Zhao Xiaomin , Chen Ye‐Hwa , Zhao Han , Dong Fangfang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe consider an artificial swarm system consisting of multiple agents. The agents influence each other through the attraction/repulsion, which is related to the relative positions among them. Here the collective behavior of the agents mimics some biological swarm systems. The dynamic model for each agent is built by taking the uncertainty into account. Based on the dynamic model, we propose three types adaptive robust controls, including switching type, non‐switching type and fractional type, for each agent. The control design weaves together several intrinsic features of kinematics, dynamics, d'Alembert's principle, constraint, and uncertainty.
Doping Graphene into Monodispersed Fe3O4 Microspheres with Droplet Microfluidics for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Na , Li Chunlin , Xie Hua , Liu Yingjia , Liu Jiannan , Gao Jing , Han Jingfeng , Chen Jian , Wei Yingxu , Lin Bingcheng , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGraphene‐doped Fe3O4 monodispersed microspheres are fabricated utilizing a droplet microfluidic technology. The electrochemical performance of the Fe3O4 microspheres as anode material for Li‐ion batteries is enhanced by doping trace graphene in the droplet reactor. The discharge capacity remains 550 mAh/g at 0.1 C after 190 cycles, which is 2 times higher than that of the graphene doped Fe3O4 samples prepared by the traditional precipitation method, and 5 times higher than that of pure Fe3O4 after 100 cycles. The uniform droplet reactor in form of a droplet microfluidic chip might provide a homogeneous microscopic condition for in‐situ electrostatic co‐assembly of the positive‐charged Fe colloids and the negative‐charged graphene oxide sheets to shape a homogeneous solid framework, resulting in homogeneously doping trace graphene into the Fe3O4 microspheres.
C−O Hydrogenolysis of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol to 1,5‐Pentanediol Over Bi‐functional Nickel‐Tungsten Catalysts
Authors: Soghrati Elmira , Kok Poh Chee , Du Yonghua , Gao Feng , Kawi Sibudjing , Borgna Armando 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report a series of bimetallic Ni−WOx catalyst for the ring‐opening of THFA into 15PDO. The structure‐performance relationship of the catalysts was discussed based on extensive characterization using techniques such as BET, H2‐TPR, NH3‐TPD, Pyr‐IR, IPA‐TPD‐MS, XRD, XPS and EXAFS/XANES. The acidity measurements show that higher W density leads to the higher amount of acid density, which could be assigned to the creation of Lewis acid sites mainly on the surface of the calcined catalysts. H2‐TPR profiles of Ni−WOx catalysts show that there is a strong interaction between Ni and W species, enhancing the reducibility of WOx. XRD measurements of calcined Ni−WOx catalysts reveal that the dispersion of Ni particles is enhanced after addition of WOx species. After reduction, different peaks corresponding to metallic Ni and WO3−x are identified for 10Ni−WOx catalysts, as well as new peak assigned to Ni−W intermetallic phase on 10Ni−30WOx catalyst. The formation of Ni−W intermetallic phase was further proved using XPS and EXAFS studies. THFA hydrogenolysis was also conducted under aqueous‐phase conditions over Ni−WOx catalysts, yielding up to 47 % selectivity to 15PDO, along with a highest combined C5 polyols (i. e., 15PDO and 125PTO) selectivity of approximately 64 %. However, the Ni−WOx catalytic system suffers from deactivation process due to the hydrothermal dissolution of the active phase. Further investigation reveals the better stability of metallic tungsten and Ni−W intermetallic phase (Ni4W) against leaching since their corresponding peaks in the XRD patterns of spent catalysts remains nearly unchanged. Finally, 1,4‐dioxane as an organic solvent was employed in THFA hydrogenolysis reaction, resulting in different product distribution, with a THP yield of around 54 %. The catalyst crystalline structure is preserved because of very low Ni and W leaching when 1,4‐dioxane is used as solvent.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Bis(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanes: A Direct Access to Chiral 1,3‐Diamines
Authors: Li Bin , Xu Cong , He Yan‐Mei , Deng Guo‐Jun , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe asymmetric hydrogenation of bis(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanes was described, using chiral cationic ruthenium/monosulfonated diamine complexes to afford chiral bis(tetrahydroquinolin‐2‐yl)methanes in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. The subsequent transformation of these 1,3‐diamines to a new class of chiral 6‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbenes was also developed, which is important but difficult to access.
Symmetry Reduction upon Size Mismatch: The Non‐Icosahedral Intermetalloid Cluster [Co@Ge12]3−
Authors: Liu Chao , Li Lei‐Jiao , Popov Ivan A. , Wilson Robert J. , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Li Jun , Boldyrev Alexander I. , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new complex comprising [Co@Ge12]3– cluster core was synthesized through the reaction of CoMe(PMe3)4 and K4Ge9 in ethylenediamine solution. The pseudo‐D5d geometry of this cluster can be viewed as structurally derived from an icosahedral cage via Jahn‐Teller effect, leading to notable bonding differences from Ih‐[M@E12]q− clusters (E = Sn, Pb with q = 2, 3). The [Co@Ge12]3– cluster represents a structural conundrum. On the basis of the geometric considerations it could be viewed as a sandwich complex. However, chemical bonding analysis revealed that there is a direct covalent multicenter bonding between the two pentagons, thus indicating that the structure should be viewed as an elongated icosahedron. Further theoretical calculations on [M@Ge12]3− (M = Rh, Ir, Mt) indicate that similar compounds of larger‐size metal atoms can drive the complete transformation of [M@Ge12]3− clusters from icosahedron structure to a sandwich one.