bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential semantic processing in patients with schizophrenia versus bipolar disorder: an N400 study
Authors: Raucher-Chéné D. , Terrien S. , Gobin P. , Gierski F. , Caillies S. , Kaladjian A. , Besche-Richard C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:Both bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are associated with language and thought symptoms that probably reflect a semantic memory-related impairment. We conducted a preliminary study to explore the nature of semantic processing in these disorders, using event-related potentials (ERPs).Methods:Twelve patients with BD, 10 patients with SZ and a matched group of 21 healthy controls (HC) underwent EEG recording while they heard sentences containing homophones or control words and performed a semantic ambiguity resolution task on congruent or incongruent targets.Results:Mean N400 amplitude differed between groups for homophones. Patients with SZ made more resolution errors than HC and exhibited a greater N400 congruity effect in ambiguous conditions than BD. In BD, the opposite N400 congruity effect was observed in ambiguous conditions.Conclusion:Results indicated differences in semantic processing between BD and SZ. Further studies with larger populations are needed in order to develop neurophysiological markers of these disorders.Significant OutcomesIn ambiguous conditions, patients with SZ exhibited a greater N400 difference between congruent and incongruent conditions than patients with BD.In ambiguous conditions, patients with SZ exhibited greater N400 amplitude in incongruent conditions than in congruent ones, whereas patients with BD exhibited the opposite N400 congruity effect.Ambiguity resolution results suggest that patients with SZ have difficulty considering the context, while patients with BD overactivate the dominant meaning of homophones and have difficulty inhibiting it.
Food security and obesity: Can passerine foraging behavior inform explanations for human weight gain?
Authors: Pool Ursula 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCommonly used measures of human food insecurity differ categorically from measures determining food security in other species. In addition, human foraging behaviors may have arisen in a divergent evolutionary context from nonhuman foraging. Hence, a theoretical framework based on food insecurity and fat storage in nonhumans may not be appropriate for explaining associations between human food insecurity and obesity.
Hoarding all of the chips: Slot machine gambling and the foraging for coins
Authors: Robinson Mike James Ferrar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPredictions made by the “incentive hope” hypothesis account for overconsumption in unpredictable food environments. However, when applied to uncertain gambling situations, there are several areas where this theory falls short. Most notably, it has trouble explaining why, in slot machine gambling, players are motivated by extended play to spend time trying to resolve uncertainty, rather than hoarding monetary gains.
Simulating exploration versus exploitation in agent foraging under different environment uncertainties
Authors: Chmait Nader , Dowe David L. , Green David G. , Li Yuan-Fang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor artificial agents trading off exploration (food seeking) versus (short-term) exploitation (or consumption), our experiments suggest that uncertainty (interpreted information, theoretically) magnifies food seeking. In more uncertain environments, with food distributed uniformly randomly, exploration appears to be beneficial. In contrast, in biassed (less uncertain) environments, with food concentrated in only one part, exploitation appears to be more advantageous. Agents also appear to do better in biassed environments.
Food-seeking behavior has complex evolutionary pressures in songbirds: Linking parental foraging to offspring sexual selection
Authors: Snyder Kate T. , Creanza Nicole 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe target article addresses increased food-seeking behaviors in times of instability, particularly in passerines. We note that food instability might have intergenerational effects on birds: Nutritional stress during development affects song-learning abilities, associating parental foraging with offspring sexual selection. We explore the implications of these compounding selection pressures on food-seeking motivation during breeding, as well as the hormonal underpinnings of these behaviors.
Spray deposition, adjuvants, and physiochemical properties affect benzobicyclon efficacy
Authors: Brabham Chad , Norsworthy Jason K. , Sandoski Craig A. , Varanasi Vijay K. , Schwartz-Lazaro Lauren M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBenzobicyclon is a new pro-herbicide being evaluated in the Midsouth United States as a post-flood weed control option in rice. Applications of benzobicyclon to flooded rice are necessary for efficacious herbicide activity, but why this is so remains unknown. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to explore how herbicide placement (foliage only, flood water only, foliage and flood water simultaneously) and adjuvants (nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, and methylated seed oil [MSO]) affect herbicide activity. The first experiment focused on importance of herbicide placement. Little to no herbicidal activity (<18% visual control) was observed on two- to four-leaf barnyardgrass, Amazon sprangletop, and benzobicyclon-susceptible weedy rice with benzobicyclon treatments applied to weed foliage only. In contrast, applications made only to the flood water accounted for >82% of the weed control and biomass reduction achieved when benzobicyclon was applied to flood water and foliage simultaneously. The second experiment concentrated on adjuvant type and benzobicyclon efficacy when applied to foliage and flood water simultaneously. At 28 days after treatment, benzobicyclon alone at 371 g ai ha−1 provided 29% and 67% control of three- to five-leaf barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop, respectively. The inclusion of any adjuvant significantly increased control, with MSO providing near-complete control of barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop. Furthermore, we used the physiochemical properties of benzobicyclon and benzobicyclon hydrolysate to derive theories to explain the complex activity of benzobicyclon observed in our study and in field trials. Benzobicyclon applications should contain an oil-based adjuvant and must be applied to flooded rice fields for optimal activity.
Detecting Signals of Large‐Scale Climate Phenomena in Discharge and Nutrient Loads in the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin
Authors: Smits A. P. , Ruffing C. M. , Royer T. V. , Appling A. P. , Griffiths N. A. , Bellmore R. , Scheuerell M. D. , Harms T. K. , Jones J. B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAgricultural runoff from the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin delivers nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to the Gulf of Mexico, causing hypoxia, and climate drives interannual variation in nutrient loads. Climate phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation may influence nutrient export through effects on river flow, nutrient uptake, or biogeochemical transformation, but landscape variation at smaller spatial scales can mask climate signals in load or discharge time series within large river networks. We used multivariate autoregressive state‐space modeling to investigate climate signals in the long‐term record (1979–2014) of discharge, N, P, and SiO2 loads at three nested spatial scales within the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya River Basin. We detected significant signals of El Niño–Southern Oscillation and land‐surface temperature anomalies in N loads but not discharge, SiO2, or P, suggesting that large‐scale climate phenomena contribute to interannual variation in nutrient loads through biogeochemical mechanisms beyond simple discharge‐load relationships.
On the Timescale of Magma Ocean Solidification and Its Chemical Consequences: 2. Compositional Differentiation Under Crystal Accumulation and Matrix Compaction
Authors: Miyazaki Yoshinori , Korenaga Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe solidification of a putative magma ocean sets the stage for subsequent subsolidus mantle convection. Whereas it may have resulted in a compositionally stratified mantle, the efficiency of relevant processes to cause chemical differentiation, such as crystal accumulation and matrix compaction, remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to present the thermochemical structure of end‐member cases where potential differentiation mechanisms are taking full effect. We employ a self‐consistent thermodynamic model to make our model consistent in both thermal and chemical aspects. The accumulation of crystals at the base of magma ocean can enrich the upper mantle with iron, but such a global‐scale compositional stratification is likely to be quickly eliminated by gravitational instability, leaving small‐scale heterogeneities only. On the other hand, the compaction of solid matrix in the deep mantle creates a long‐lasting molten layer above the core‐mantle boundary. Our results suggest that the efficiency of compaction is the key factor to generate compositional stratification during solidification.
Quantifying Regional Sensitivities to Periodic Events: Application to the MJO
Authors: Jenney A. M. , Randall D. A. , Barnes E. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the forecasting community works toward skillfully applying the predictive power of periodic events, it is increasingly useful to quantify regional sensitivities to their influence. We have developed an index to quantify these regional Sensitivities To the Remote Influence of Periodic EventS (STRIPES). Here, periodic events are climate phenomena that smoothly evolve through their life cycles, such as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The STRIPES index compiles the information obtained through composite analysis of variables after a periodic event into a single number, which includes information about the life cycle of the event, and for a range of lags with respect to each stage of the event. The STRIPES index quantifies the strength and consistency of a region's response to the remote event. Because the index can be computed for a single point, it can be plotted on a map to show regional variations. We demonstrate the utility of the STRIPES index by applying it to observations of daily geopotential height, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation totals for winters between 1974 and 2017. Results for geopotential height show strong sensitivities in the extratropics, indicative of the MJO's remote teleconnections. Results for surface stations over eastern North America highlight regions of enhanced sensitivity that agree well with previous studies. This sensitivity is robust in the sense that it is detectable and significant at the level of individual weather stations. The STRIPES index values for the MJO over North America are generally larger for daily maximum than for daily minimum temperature.
Two‐Timescale Carbon Cycle Response to an AMOC Collapse
Authors: Nielsen Søren B. , Jochum Markus , Pedro Joel B. , Eden Carsten , Nuterman Roman 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtmospheric CO2 concentrations (pCO2) varied on millennial timescales in phase with Antarctic temperature during the last glacial period. A prevailing view has been that carbon release and uptake by the Southern Ocean dominated this millennial‐scale variability in pCO2. Here, using Earth System Model experiments with an improved parameterization of ocean vertical mixing, we find a major role for terrestrial and oceanic carbon releases in driving the pCO2 trend. In our simulations, a change in Northern Hemisphere insolation weakens the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) leading to increasing pCO2 and Antarctic temperatures. The simulated rise in pCO2 is caused in equal parts by increased CO2 outgassing from the global ocean due to a reduced biological activity and changed ventilation rates, and terrestrial carbon release as a response to southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The simulated terrestrial release of carbon could explain stadial declines in organic carbon reservoirs observed in recent ice core δ13C measurements. Our results show that parallel variations in Antarctic temperature and pCO2 do not necessitate that the Southern Ocean dominates carbon exchange; instead, changes in carbon flux from the global ocean and land carbon reservoirs can explain the observed pCO2 (and δ13C) changes.
Zika virus infection induces MiR34c expression in glioblastoma stem cells: new perspectives for brain tumor treatments
Authors: Iannolo Gioacchin , Sciuto Maria Rita , Cuscino Nicola , Pallini Roberto , Douradinha Bruno , Vitiani Lucia Ricci , De Maria Ruggero , Conaldi Pier Giulio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with a marked effect on fetal nervous system development. ZIKV treatment has recently been found to also have a benefit against glioblastoma, a highly aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The reported data do not completely explain the mechanism beyond this effect. Nevertheless, in the majority of the cases no adverse effect has been found in healthy adult humans. In this study, we characterized the ZIKV infection mechanism on glioblastoma stem cells, which are considered responsible for the tumor progression and resistance to conventional therapies. Moreover, we explain why the action of this virus is directed to the stem cells in the nervous system counterpart. Our results confirm the effectiveness of ZIKV treatment against glioblastoma, indicating novel molecular targets that can be introduced for more powerful therapies.
Cyclic helix B peptide ameliorates acute myocardial infarction in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory responses
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhang Chao , Jia Jianguo , Wang Lingyan , Zhang Weitao , Li Jiawei , Xu Ming , Rong Ruiming , Zhu Tongyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) is a peptide derivant of erythropoietin with powerful tissue-protective efficacies in a variety of organ injuries, but without erythropoietic effect. However, the role of CHBP in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and related mechanisms are not studied yet. In this study, we found in a murine AMI model that the administration of CHBP could ameliorate cardiac injury, increase the survival rate, inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improve cardiac function and remodeling, and reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and kidney tissue both at 24 h and 8 weeks following AMI. This study suggests that CHBP has the potential to be used as an effective drug in the treatment of AMI.
Bayesian inference of atomistic structure in functional materials
Authors: Todorović Milica , Gutmann Michael U. , Corander Jukka , Rinke Patrick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTailoring the functional properties of advanced organic/inorganic heterogeneous devices to their intended technological applications requires knowledge and control of the microscopic structure inside the device. Atomistic quantum mechanical simulation methods deliver accurate energies and properties for individual configurations, however, finding the most favourable configurations remains computationally prohibitive. We propose a ‘building block’-based Bayesian Optimisation Structure Search (BOSS) approach for addressing extended organic/inorganic interface problems and demonstrate its feasibility in a molecular surface adsorption study. In BOSS, a Bayesian model identifies material energy landscapes in an accelerated fashion from atomistic configurations sampled during active learning. This allowed us to identify several most favourable molecular adsorption configurations for C60 on the (101) surface of TiO2 anatase and clarify the key molecule-surface interactions governing structural assembly. Inferred structures were in good agreement with detailed experimental images of this surface adsorbate, demonstrating good predictive power of BOSS and opening the route towards large-scale surface adsorption studies of molecular aggregates and films.
A MALDI-TOF-based Method for Studying the Transport of BBB Shuttles—Enhancing Sensitivity and Versatility of Cell-Based In Vitro Transport Models
Authors: Arranz-Gibert Pol , Guixer Bernat , Prades Roger , Ciudad Sonia , Giralt Ernest , Teixidó Meritxell 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent decades, peptide blood-brain barrier shuttles have emerged as a promising solution for brain drugs that are not able to enter this organ. The research and development of these compounds involve the use of in vitro cell-based models of the BBB. Nevertheless, peptide transport quantification implies the use of large amounts of peptide (upper micromolar range for RP-HPLC-PDA) or of derivatives (e.g. fluorophore or quantum-dot attachment, radiolabeling) in the donor compartment in order to enhance the detection of these molecules in the acceptor well, although their structure is highly modified. Therefore, these methodologies either hamper the use of low peptide concentrations, thus hindering mechanistic studies, or do not allow the use of the unmodified peptide. Here we successfully applied a MALDI-TOF MS methodology for transport quantification in an in vitro BBB cell-based model. A light version of the acetylated peptide was evaluated, and the transport was subsequently quantified using a heavy internal standard (isotopically acetylated). We propose that this MALDI-TOF MS approach could also be applied to study the transport across other biological barriers using the appropriate in vitro transport models (e.g. Caco-2, PAMPA).
Function and Immunogenicity of Gene-corrected iPSC-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells in Restoring Low Density Lipoprotein Uptake in Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Okada Hirofumi , Nakanishi Chiaki , Yoshida Shohei , Shimojima Masaya , Yokawa Junichiro , Mori Masayuki , Tada Hayato , Yoshimuta Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Kenshi , Yamano Tomoyoshi , Hanayama Rikinari , Yamagishi Masakazu , Kawashiri Masa-aki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGene correction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has therapeutic potential for treating homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) dysfunction. However, few data exist regarding the functional recovery and immunogenicity of LDLR gene-corrected iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) obtained from an HoFH patient. Therefore, we generated iPSC-derived HLCs from an HoFH patient harbouring a point mutation (NM_000527.4:c.901 G > T) in exon 6 of LDLR, and examined their function and immunogenicity. From the patient’s iPSCs, one homozygous gene-corrected HoFH-iPSC clone and two heterozygous clones were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Both types of iPSC-derived HLCs showed recovery of the function of LDL uptake in immunofluorescence staining analysis. Furthermore, these gene-corrected iPSC-derived HLCs showed little immunogenicity against the patient’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. These results demonstrate that LDL uptake of iPSC-derived HLCs from HoFH can be restored by gene correction without the appearance of further immunogenicity, suggesting that gene-corrected iPSC-derived HLCs are applicable to the treatment of HoFH.
It is time to learn from patients like mine
Authors: Gombar Saurabh , Callahan Alison , Califf Robert , Harrington Robert , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClinicians are often faced with situations where published treatment guidelines do not provide a clear recommendation. In such situations, evidence generated from similar patients’ data captured in electronic health records (EHRs) can aid decision making. However, challenges in generating and making such evidence available have prevented its on-demand use to inform patient care. We propose that a specialty consultation service staffed by a team of medical and informatics experts can rapidly summarize ‘what happened to patients like mine’ using data from the EHR and other health data sources. By emulating a familiar physician workflow, and keeping experts in the loop, such a service can translate physician inquiries about situations with evidence gaps into actionable reports. The demand for and benefits gained from such a consult service will naturally vary by practice type and data robustness. However, we cannot afford to miss the opportunity to use the patient data captured every day via EHR systems to close the evidence gap between available clinical guidelines and realities of clinical practice. We have begun offering such a service to physicians at our academic medical center and believe that such a service should be core offering by clinical informatics professional throughout the country. Only if we launch such efforts broadly can we systematically study the utility of learning from the record of routine clinical practice.
Attractive interaction between superconducting vortices in tilted magnetic fields
Authors: Correa Alexandre , Mompeán Federico , Guillamón Isabel , Herrera Edwin , García-Hernández Mar , Yamamoto Takashi , Kashiwagi Takanari , Kadowaki Kazuo , Buzdin Alexander I. , Suderow Hermann , Munuera Carmen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany practical applications of high Tc superconductors involve layered materials and magnetic fields applied on an arbitrary direction with respect to the layers. When the anisotropy is very large, Cooper pair currents can circulate either within or perpendicular to the layers. Thus, tilted magnetic fields lead to intertwined lattices of Josephson and Abrikosov vortices, with quantized circulation across and within layers, respectively. Transport in such intertwined lattices has been studied in detail, but direct observation and manipulation of vortices remains challenging. Here we present magnetic force microscopy experiments in tilted magnetic fields in the extremely quasi-two dimensional superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8. We trigger Abrikosov vortex motion in between Josephson vortices, and find that Josephson vortices in different layers can be brought on top of each other. Our measurements suggest that intertwined lattices in tilted magnetic fields can be intrinsically easy to manipulate thanks to the mutual interaction between Abrikosov and Josephson vortices.
Quantitating excess tissue sodium
Authors: Bhave Gautam 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Using changes in tissue [Na+] concentration alone as done with Na+ MRI may not accurately quantitate excess tissue Na+, particularly in cellular tissues. However, individually quantitating alterations in tissue Na+ and water content as possible with ashing studies may still accurately quantitate excess tissue Na+ in these situations. Furthermore, when tissue [Na+] exceeds plasma [Na+], excess tissue Na+ must be present.