bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular pathway engineering of key carbon‐precursor supply‐pathways for improved N‐acetylneuraminic acid production in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Liu Yanfeng , Liu Long , Wang Miao , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractN‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) is widely used as a nutraceutical for facilitating infant brain development, maintaining brain health, and enhancing immunity. Currently, NeuAc is mainly produced by extraction from egg yolk and milk, or via chemical synthesis. However, its low concentration in natural resources and its non‐ecofriendly chemical synthesis result in insufficient NeuAc production and environmental pollution, respectively. In this study, improved NeuAc production was attained via modular pathway engineering of the supply pathways of two key precursors—N‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)—and by balancing NeuAc biosynthesis and cell growth in engineered Bacillus subtilis. Specifically, we used a previously constructed GlcNAc‐producing B. subtilis as the initial host for NeuAc biosynthesis. First, we constructed a de novo NeuAc biosynthetic pathway utilizing glucose by coexpressing glucosamine‐6‐phosphate acetyl‐transferase (GNA1), N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase (AGE), and N‐acetylneuraminic acid synthase (NeuB), resulting in 0.33 g/l NeuAc production. Next, to balance the supply of the two key precursors for NeuAc biosynthesis, modular pathway engineering was performed. The optimal strategy for balancing the GlcNAc module and PEP supply module involved the use of an engineered, unique glucose and malate coutilization pathway in B. subtilis, supplied with both glucose (for the GlcNAc moiety) and malate (for the PEP moiety) at high strength. This led to 1.65 g/L NeuAc production, representing a 5.0‐fold improvement over the existing methods. Furthermore, to enhance the NeuAc yield on cell, glucose and malate coutilization pathways were engineered to balance NeuAc biosynthesis and cell growth via the blocking of glycolysis, the introduction of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway, and the overexpression of the malic enzyme YtsJ. NeuAc titer reached 2.18 g/L, with 0.38 g/g dry cell weight NeuAc yield on cell, which represented a 1.32‐fold and 2.64‐fold improvement over the existing methods, respectively. The strategy of modular pathway engineering of key carbon precursor supply pathways via engineering of the unique glucose‐malate coutilization pathway in B. subtilis should be generically applicable for engineering of B. subtilis for the production of other important biomolecules. Our study also provides a good starting point for further metabolic engineering to achieve industrial production of NeuAc by a Generally Regarded As Safe bacterial strain.
Low‐pH production of d‐lactic acid using newly isolated acid tolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii NG7
Authors: Park Hyun Joo , Bae Jung‐Hoon , Ko Hyeok‐Jin , Lee Sun‐Hee , Sung Bong Hyun , Han Jong‐In , Sohn Jung‐Hoon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLactic acid is a platform chemical for the sustainable production of various materials. To develop a robust yeast platform for low‐pH production of d‐lactic acid (LA), an acid‐tolerant yeast strain was isolated from grape skins and named Pichia kudriavzevii NG7 by ribosomal RNA sequencing. This strain could grow at pH 2.0 and 50°C. For the commercial application of P. kudriavzevii NG7 as a lactic acid producer, the ethanol fermentation pathway was redirected to lactic acid by replacing the pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene (PDC1) with the d‐lactate dehydrogenase gene (d‐LDH) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum. To enhance lactic acid tolerance, this engineered strain was adapted to high lactic acid concentrations, and a new transcriptional regulator, PAR1, responsible for acid tolerance, was identified by whole‐genome resequencing. The final engineered strain produced 135 g/L and 154 g/L of d‐LA with productivity over 3.66 g/L/hr at pH 3.6 and 4.16 g/L/hr at pH 4.7, respectively.
The forgotten emotion: An investigation into the lived experience of anger in young men
Authors: Barber Tom 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile substantial research exists into the personal and social effects of anger, relatively little illuminates young men's lived experiences with this emotion. Much of this literature focuses on women's experiences, while few studies have been conducted by clinical practitioners.Research AimThe aim of this research was to explore the lived experience of problematic anger in young men from a phenomenological perspective. It sought to provide insights into what angers young men, how anger affects them psychologically, emotionally and physiologically, and what they do when they experience anger.MethodQualitative phenomenological research was conducted using semi‐structured interviews with a sample of six male participants between the ages of 20 and 25 years. The accounts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).Key FindingsThree main themes were identified. Theme one explores how participants’ anger impacts both their sense of agency and their physical sensations. Theme two illuminated how anger affects participants’ changing self‐concept, their loss of awareness and control and sense of responsibility for actions taken. Theme three highlighted how participants attempt to regain composure.ConclusionThis study addresses the paucity of research into the lived experiences of anger in young men. The findings suggest that anger is an intensely dynamic experience that unfolds with a cumulative impact on young men's ability to retain control over their sense of self, as experienced in time, space, their bodies and relationally.
Moral (dis)engagement with anthropogenic climate change in online comments on newspaper articles
Authors: Woods Ruth , Coen Sharon , Fernández Ana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change (ACC) is widely acknowledged to be morally significant, but little is known about everyday moralising around ACC. We addressed this gap via quantified thematic analysis of 300 online comments to British newspaper articles on ACC, drawing on Bandura's moral disengagement theory. Moral disengagement through denial of ACC was widespread. Other disengagement strategies, such as palliative comparison and diminishing agency, occurred less often. There was also some moral engagement, most often through assertions of the existence of ACC and/or its harmful effects. Moral disengagement was significantly more common in comments on right wing than left wing newspapers, whereas the opposite was true of moral engagement. Although Bandura's framework provided a useful starting point to make sense of ACC moralising, it did not capture moral concerns that extended beyond its “harm/care” remit. In particular, many “denial” comments included a “dishonesty” discourse, whereby ACC proponents were accused of deception for ulterior motives. To classify this discourse as moral disengagement obscures its engagement with a different set of moral issues around trust and honesty. We suggest that Bandura's theory represents one possible “moral landscape” around ACC and could be extended to encompass a broader range of moral concerns.
Prenatal diagnosis of a rare de novo 1q22‐q25.1 chromosomal deletion syndrome using oligo array CGH
Authors: Shariati Gholamreza , Saberi Alihossein , Hamid Mohammad , Galehdari Hamid , Sedaghat Alireza , Abdorasuli Nehzat 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageWe present prenatal diagnosis of a case with a rare de novo interstitial deletion of 1q21‐q25.1 by oligo array CGH and provide detailed information on unbalanced gene content and the breakpoints. The affected fetus was delivered at 37 weeks’ gestation with a unique clinical phenotype.
Kidney hump, no need to jump!
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Bhattacharya Deepti 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageDromedary hump is a prominent focal bulge on the lateral border of the left kidney caused by splenic impression, which can mimic renal neoplasm. It is a benign anatomic variant and exhibits the same imaging characteristics as adjacent renal cortex with normal blood flow pattern on Doppler sonography.
ONIOM Study for Selectivity of Extractants for Extraction of Rare‐Earth Metals
Authors: Dash Swagatika , Mohanty Swati 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA hybrid molecular modelling technique, the ONIOM method, has been used to study the selectivity of various extractants for the extraction of La3+ and Nd3+. MM calculations have been done for the environmental system, whereas DFT calculation has been carried out for the model system. The total ONIOM energy of the metal‐ligand complexes was calculated and the selectivity of La3+ and Nd3+ for D2EPHA, Cyanex 272 as well as PC88A determined based on the interaction energy. The lower energy for Nd complexes compared to La complexes for all three extractants shows preference of Nd over La. The ONIOM calculations infer the stability of the metal complexes in the order of D2EPHA >PC88A >Cyanex 272, which agrees well with the experimental results for both metal ions.
Traditionell oder vegetarisch? – „Es geht um die Wurst!“ im GreenLab_OS
Authors: Beeken Marco , Walf Swantje , Budke Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSchülerlabore an Universitäten erfreuen sich großer Beliebtheit und stellen wertvolle Angebote dar, um den Schulalltag für Schülerinnen und Schüler gewinnbringend zu erweitern. Dennoch existieren Grenzen, wie zum Beispiel hohe Fahrtkosten und lange Fahrtzeiten, die einen Besuch eines außerschulischen Lernortes für Schulen unattraktiv gestalten könnten. Das GreenLab_OS stellt einen außerschulischen Lernort dar, der als stationäres und auch mobiles Lern‐Lehr‐Labor konzipiert ist und zu aktuellen Themen der Nachhaltigkeit, den Erkenntnissen von Pisa und den Vorgaben der Bildungspolitik gestaltet wurde. In diesem Artikel soll zunächst das Konzept und ein Tagesablauf mit den dazugehörigen Experimenten des Schülerlabors vorgestellt werden. Besonders ist, dass dieses Angebot in gleicher Weise sowohl an der Universität, als auch an Schulen angeboten wird. Die Begleitforschung zum GreenLab_OS hat als Ziel, das stationäre Schülerlabor mit der mobilen Variante zu vergleichen. Dabei soll erhoben werden, ob ein mobiles Schülerlabor für die Schülerinnen und Schüler eine Alternative zu stationären Angeboten darstellt und vielleicht sogar zu höheren motivationalen Effekten für den Fachunterricht führen kann. Die Ergebnisse dazu sollen in einem Folgeartikel erscheinen.
Right ventricular base/apex ratio in the assessment of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension: Results from the European Pediatric Pulmonary Vascular Disease Network
Authors: Koestenberger Martin , Avian Alexander , Gamillscheg Andreas , Sallmon Hannes , Grangl Gernot , Burmas Ante , Schweintzger Sabrina , Kurath‐Koller Stefan , Cvirn Gerhard , Hansmann Georg 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEchocardiographic determination of RV end‐systolic base/apex (RVES b/a) ratio was proposed to be of clinical value for assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults.HypothesisWe hypothesized that the RVES b/a ratio will be affected in children with PAH and aimed to correlate RVES b/a ratio with conventionally used echocardiographic and hemodynamic variables, and with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class.MethodsFirst we determined normal pediatric values for RVES b/a ratio in 157 healthy children (68 males; age range, 0.5–17.7 years). We then conducted an echocardiographic study in 51 children with PAH (29 males; age range, 0.3–17.8 years).ResultsRVES b/a ratio was lower compared with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (P < 0.001). In children with PAH, RVES b/a ratio decreased with worsening NYHA class. RVES b/a ratio inversely correlated with RV/LV end‐systolic diameter ratio (ρ = −0.450, P = 0.001) but did not correlate with RV systolic function parameters (eg, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) and correlated with cardiac catheterization–determined pulmonary vascular resistance index (ρ = −0.571, P < 0.001). ROC analysis unraveled excellent performance of RVES b/a ratio to detect PAH in children (AUC: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89–1.00, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe RVES b/a ratio decreased in children with PAH compared with age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects. The RVES b/a ratio inversely correlated with both echocardiographic and hemodynamic indicators of increased RV pressure afterload and with NYHA class, suggesting that RVES b/a ratio reflects disease severity in PAH children.
Dispositional self‐compassion and responses to mood challenge in people at risk for depressive relapse/recurrence
Authors: Karl Anke , Williams Matthew J. , Cardy Jessica , Kuyken Willem , Crane Catherine 
Published: June 2018

This paper explores the relationship between dispositional self‐compassion and cognitive emotion regulation capacities in individuals with a history of depression. Study 1 (n = 403) established that self‐compassion was associated with increased use of positive and decreased use of negative strategies, with small to medium sized correlations. Study 2 (n = 68) was an experimental study examining the association between dispositional self‐compassion, use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and changes in mood and self‐devaluation in participants exposed to a negative mood induction followed by mood repair (mindfulness, rumination, silence). Individuals with higher levels of dispositional self‐compassion showed greater mood recovery after mood induction, and less self‐devaluation across the experimental procedure, independent of their mood‐repair condition or habitual forms of cognitive emotion regulation. These results suggest that self‐compassion is associated with more adaptive responses to mood challenges in individuals with a history of recurrent depression.
Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizing Materials for Point‐of‐Use Water Disinfection with Solar Reactors
Authors: García‐Fresnadillo David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSinglet molecular oxygen (1O2) is a potent electrophile and a strong oxidizing agent and can be easily generated by photosensitization via illumination of appropriate dyes with visible light. This short‐lived reactive oxygen species is able to photooxidize many electron‐rich organic compounds and, therefore, 1O2 can damage many cellular components, such as membrane lipids, proteins and DNA, causing the photoinactivation of microorganisms in water. This Review summarises the most relevant work to date on solar water disinfection by photocatalytic 1O2 production, using photosensitizing materials suitable for their use in solar reactors for water treatment. The prototypes were equipped with compound parabolic collectors of sunlight and designed for point‐of‐use water treatment. The choice of the type of dye (RuII complexes or fullerenes) and polymeric support for the preparation of the 1O2 photosensitizing material, as well as the most important photophysical and operational parameters to be optimized to achieve efficient water disinfection with solar reactors, will be discussed.
Iron(III) N,N‐Dialkylcarbamate‐Catalyzed Formation of Cyclic Carbonates from CO2 and Epoxides under Ambient Conditions by Dynamic CO2 Trapping as Carbamato Ligands
Authors: Bresciani Giulio , Bortoluzzi Marco , Marchetti Fabio , Pampaloni Guido 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEasily available and inexpensive FeIII carbamates were employed in the solvent‐free synthesis of a series of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, in the presence of a cocatalyst. Different experimental conditions (type and concentration of catalyst and cocatalyst, as well as reaction time) were investigated: Fe(O2CNEt2)3 and NBu4Br acted as the best catalyst/cocatalyst combination, allowing the formation of propylene carbonate and 1,2‐butylene carbonate with quantitative yield and selectivity in 24 h. According to NMR and DFT studies, the reaction proceeds with the dynamic trapping of carbon dioxide as a carbamato ligand.
Non‐destructive assessment of retaining wall of former coal mine plant
Authors: Wiggenhauser Herbert , Behrens Matthias , Moser Dorothee , Moryson Ralf M. , Pudovikov Sergey , Herrmann Hans‐Georg 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA large retaining wall (appr. 9 m high and 286 m long) of a former coal mine has been investigated using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), with two low frequency antennas (200 and 400 MHz), and Large Aperture UltraSound (LAUS) to gather information about the condition and inner structure of the wall. Three vertical lines were selected in representative areas of the wall to evaluate the usefulness of Non‐Destructive Testing (NDT) with these two methods. The LAUS results showed the layer structure at one line where the wall was enforced by a concrete shell and were unspecific regarding the inner structure beyond the first layer. GPR results were able to be collected much faster and showed some internal features. Penetration was limited to 2–3 m due to the high absorption in the material.
Out‐of‐plane bending moments in masonry walls – Analysis of different calculation methods
Authors: Mazur René , Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the course of the revision of EN 1996‐1‐1, a new proposal has been made for the calculation of internal forces in frame‐type structures for the determination of bending moments due to slab rotation. In addition to a stiffness reduction for masonry walls in conjunction with the special features of partially supported slabs, which is already usual in Germany, the calculated ever‐present minimum loadbearing capacity of a wall is also increased due to a reduction of the maximum applied load eccentricity. Another major change is the direct implementation of wind loads in the method to determine the internal forces.To ensure that these changes do not lead to a safety deficit or an uneconomic reduction of the loadbearing capacity compared with the current situation, the results of extensive comparative calculations are presented. In addition, it is examined whether the proposal could conflict with further investigations to extend the conditions for application of the simplified design procedures according to EN 1996‐3. It is shown that the new draft provides similar results to the current method and that there are no concerns about its application. Also, the investigations to extend the conditions for application of the simplified calculation methods can be based on the new proposal without concerns.
Concept for determining the load‐bearing capacity of a window fixing
Authors: Scheller Eckehard , Küenzlen Jürgen , Becker Rainer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years the fixing of windows in masonry, in particular in hollow or perforated masonry with thin webs and/or insulation filling, has become a demanding task for which a prior structural design is recommended. For the design of a modern window fixing, a test‐based calculation model was developed on the basis of which an approval was granted.This article was first published in Bautechnik 95 (2018), issue 4, pp. 296–307.
Supporting a comprehensive and coordinated evaluation of the elderly with diabetes by integrating cognitive and physical assessment in the evaluation process
Authors: Natovich Rachel , Gayus Noa , Azmon Michal , Michal Hila , Twito Omri Gury , Yair Tomer , Achiron Romi Noy , Kraviz Neta , Mordenfeld Nadia , Cukierman‐Yaffe Tali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful ageing with diabetes is challenged by co‐morbidities, which may present barriers to self‐care. Currently, measurement of physical and cognitive status is not part of routine care of the older person with diabetes, and these are not taken into account when devising the treatment plan.ObjectiveTo describe a novel approach that integrates cognitive and physical assessment into the routine evaluation of the older person with diabetes and the tailor‐made treatment plan devised accordingly. To provide estimates of the relative contribution of cognitive and physical disabilities in this population.MethodsCognitive and physical assessments were added to the standard evaluation. A composite measure of cognitive and of physical status categorizing each individual to intact, mild, or severe impairment was generated. In addition, all recommendations provided were categorized and tabulated.ResultsOf 119 individuals, over the age of 60 with type 2 diabetes who were referred because of difficulties in managing their disease, 16% and 3% of individuals met the criteria for severe cognitive/physical impairment, respectively, and 42% and 21% met the criteria for mild cognitive/physical impairment; 72%, 12.5%, 61% received recommendations related to intensification of physical activity, cognitive treatment, change in pharmacological agents, respectively. 25% were referred for further emotional treatment.ConclusionsThese data suggest that a substantial proportion of individuals with diabetes over the age of 60 may have cognitive/physical impairment. It highlights the importance of measuring these as part of the multidisciplinary evaluation and being able to provide a tailor made treatment plan.
Soil water potential and temperature sum during reproductive growth control seed dormancy in Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.
Authors: Menegat Alexander , Milberg Per , Nilsson Anders T. S. , Andersson Lars , Vico Giulia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sustainable management of unwanted vegetation in agricultural fields through integrated weed control strategies requires detailed knowledge about the maternal formation of primary seed dormancy, to support the prediction of seedling emergence dynamics. This knowledge is decisive for the timing of crop sowing and nonchemical weed control measures. Studies in controlled environments have already demonstrated that thermal conditions and, to some extent, water availability during seed set and maturation has an impact on the level of dormancy. However, it is still unclear if this applies also under field conditions, where environmental stressors and their timing are more variable. We address this question for Alopecurus myosuroides in south‐western Sweden. We quantified the effects of cumulated temperature and precipitation as well as soil water potential during the reproductive growth phase of A myosuroides on primary seed dormancy under field conditions. Empirical models differing in focal time intervals and, in case of soil water potential, focal soil depths were compared regarding their predictive power. The highest predictive power for the level of primary dormancy of A. myosuroides seeds was found for a two‐factorial linear model containing air temperature sum between 0 and 7 days before peak seed shedding as well as the number of days with soil water potential below field capacity between 7 and 35 days before peak seed shedding. For soil water potential, it was found that only the top 10 cm soil layer is of relevance, which is in line with the shallow root architecture of A. myosuroides. We conclude that for this species the level of dormancy depends on the magnitude and timing of temperature and water availability during the reproductive growth phase. Water availability appears to be more important during maternal environmental perception and temperature during zygotic environmental perception.