bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COLLABORATIVE STRATEGIES FOR SEA LEVEL RISE ADAPTATION IN HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA
Authors: Considine Carol , Steinhilber Emily 
Published: August 2018

INTRODUCTION The Hampton Roads region is located in southeastern Virginia where the Chesapeake Bay meets the Atlantic Ocean. The region includes seventeen municipal governments and has a large federal government presence with 26 federal agencies represented (See Figure 1). The region has a population that exceeds 1.7 million and is home to the deepest water harbor on the U.S. East Coast. Hampton Roads' economy is dependent on the local waterways and houses the world's largest naval facility, the sixth largest containerized cargo complex and supports a thriving shipbuilding and repair industry as well as a tourism industry. However, the region's vast coastline also contributes to its vulnerability from climate change. Hampton Roads is experiencing sea level rise at twice the global rate with regional projections in the January 2017 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) report, Global and Regional Sea Level Rise Scenarios for the United States, of 1.9 feet of sea level rise at the low end and 11.5 feet of sea level rise under the most extreme case between 2000 and 2100 (NOAA, 2017). Planning for adaptation to sea level rise requires regional partnerships and strategies, especially for watersheds that cross municipal boundaries. While many of the municipalities in the region are forward thinking in their approaches to sea level rise, there is not a regional plan for adaptation and current federal funding models do not support analysis of and planning for sea level rise impacts on a regional scale. For coastal communities to be successful in sea level rise adaptation, there has to be a national understanding that water knows no borders and only collaborative problem-solving approaches that cross municipal boundaries will move regions toward adaptation. Functional boundaries of ecosystems or watersheds need to be the focus of adaptation rather than political boundaries of local, state, and federal entities. Coordination and collaboration between entities is the only way to achieve optimal outcomes.
Implications of Spatially Variable Costs and Habitat Conversion Risk in Landscape-Scale Conservation Planning
Authors: van der Burg Max Post , Chartier Neil , Drum Ryan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract“Strategic habitat conservation” refers to a process used by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to develop cost-efficient strategies for conserving wildlife populations and their habitats. Strategic habitat conservation focuses on resolving uncertainties surrounding habitat conservation to meet specific wildlife population objectives (i.e., targets) and developing tools to guide where conservation actions should be focused on the landscape. Although there are examples of using optimization models to highlight where conservation should be delivered, such methods often do not explicitly account for spatial variation in the costs of conservation actions. Furthermore, many planning approaches assume that habitat protection is a preferred option, but they do not assess its value relative to other actions, such as restoration. We developed a case study to assess the implications of accounting for and ignoring spatial variation in conservation costs in optimizing conservation targets. We included assumptions about habitat loss to determine the extent to which protection or restoration would be necessary to meet an established population target. Our case study focused on optimal placement of grassland protection or restoration actions to influence bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus populations in the tallgrass prairie ecoregion of the north central United States. Our results show that not accounting for spatially variable costs doubled or tripled the cost of meeting the population target. Furthermore, our results suggest that one should not assume that protecting existing habitat is always a preferred option. Rather, our results show that the balance between protection and restoration can be influenced by a combination of desired targets, assumptions about habitat loss, and the relative cost of the two actions. Our analysis also points out how difficult it may be to reach targets, given the expense to meet them. We suggest that a full accounting of expected costs and benefits will help to guide development of viable management actions and meaningful conservation plans.
‘This generation’ in Matthew 24:34 as a timeless, spiritual generation akin to Genesis 3:15
Authors: Du Toit Philip La Grange 
Published: August 2018

In this article, the phrase ‘this generation’ [ἡ γενεὰ αὕτη] in Matthew 24:34 is read in terms of the larger category to which it is argued to belong, namely the two respective timeless, spiritual generations akin to Genesis 3:15: the one that bears the right fruit and belongs to God’s kingdom and the other one that bears the wrong fruit and belongs to the kingdom of the devil (the serpent). Such a connotation is especially traced in the three occurrences of the expression γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν [offspring or generation of vipers] in the gospel (Mt 3:7; 12:34; 23:33) and other generational language within the gospel that differentiates these two generations. The same connotations are argued to lie behind the generational language in the other gospels too. Such an understanding of ‘this generation’ would solve the eschatological problems that are often attached to prevalent interpretations thereof and would alleviate much of the charges of anti-Judaism levelled against the gospels.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: The two main areas where this research challenges traditional discourses are (1) on the traditional interpretation that Jesus would envision his contemporary generation to witness his second coming and (2) that generational language in Matthew would be confined to a group of people being time-bound or being defined by racial and/or ethnic affiliation. On an interdisciplinary level, this has implications for (1) the perception of eschatology in Systematic Theology or Biblical Theology, especially in terms of the way in which a distinction is often drawn between Paul and Jesus’ eschatology and (2) the perception of ethnicity or race in the New Testament, which has to do with identity formation and overlaps with both Systematic Theology and Sociology. In other words, Jesus would critique prevalent perceptions of identity by critiquing them on a spiritual level.
Microplots and food security: encouraging replication studies of policy relevant research
Authors: Wood Benjamin Douglas Kuflick , Vasquez Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Replication research is a valuable, yet often misunderstood, tool for increasing our understanding of promising research findings. In this short paper the authors discuss their principles for conducting replication research, explain how they chose a candidate study for replication, describe their replication analysis robustness checks, and give an overview of their approach to interpreting replication results. They also describe some of their lessons learned after working in replication research for over six years.
Volcanic impact on the climate – the stratospheric aerosol load in the period 2006–2015
Authors: Friberg Johan , Martinsson Bengt G. , Andersson Sandra M. , Sandvik Oscar S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present a study on the stratospheric aerosol load during 2006–2015,
discuss the influence from volcanism and other sources, and reconstruct an
aerosol optical depth (AOD) data set in a resolution of 1∘
latitudinally and 8 days timewise. The purpose is to include the “entire”
stratosphere, from the tropopause to the almost particle-free altitudes of
the midstratosphere. A dynamic tropopause of 1.5 PVU was used, since it enclosed almost all
of the volcanic signals in the CALIOP data set. The data were successfully
cleaned from polar stratospheric clouds using a temperature threshold of
195 K. Furthermore, a method was developed to correct data when the CALIOP
laser beam was strongly attenuated by volcanic aerosol, preventing a negative
bias in the AOD data set. Tropospheric influence, likely from upwelling dust,
was found in the extratropical transition layer in spring. Eruptions of both
extratropical and tropical volcanoes that injected aerosol into the
stratosphere impacted the stratospheric aerosol load for up to a year if
their clouds reached lower than 20 km altitude. Deeper-reaching tropical
injections rose in the tropical pipe and impacted it for several years. Our
AODs mostly compare well to other long-term studies of the stratospheric AOD.
Over the years 2006–2015, volcanic eruptions increased the stratospheric AOD
on average by ∼40 %. In absolute numbers the stratospheric AOD and
radiative forcing amounted to 0.008 and −0.2 W m−2, respectively.
Cements based on kaolinite waste
Authors: García Giménez Rosario , Vigil de la Villa Mencía Raquel , Frías Moises , Martínez Ramírez Sagrario , Vegas Ramiro Iñigo , Fernández Carrasco Lucía 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The cement industry involves high-energy consumption that
generates high CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Environmental
concerns can be addressed by replacing parts of Portland cement clinkers with
pozzolanic materials in mortars and concrete. Slag, fly ash and silica fume
are materials considered for the planned replacement. Research studies on
clay minerals, such as kaolinite, are being followed with special attention
by the scientific community and the cement industry. It is well known that these
minerals require an activation process to transform kaolinite (K) into
metakaolinite (MK). MK is an amorphous material from the transformation of K
with high pozzolanic activity, which is its capacity to react with the
portlandite released during the hydration of Portland cement, generating
compounds such as C–S–H gels and some aluminum-phase hydrates. One of the MK
production methods is heat treatment controlled by kaolinite at
temperatures in the range of 600–900 ∘C. Different residues have been used (coal mining,
paper sludge and waste from a drinking water treatment plant) activated at
600 ∘C for 2 h to elaborate blended cements. Due to their good
behaviour as future eco-efficient additions, this research is a study by
x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) of their influence on the performances of blended cement
mixtures (binary and ternary one), with substitutions of pozzolan ratio at
28 days of hydration. The porosity of pozzolanic cements decreases because of the
formation of hydrated phases during pozzolanic reaction.
Mid-Cretaceous paleoenvironmental changes in the western Tethys
Authors: Bottini Cinzia , Erba Elisabetta 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We present a continuous record of surface water temperature and fertility
variations through the latest Barremian–Cenomanian interval (ca.
27 Myr)
based on calcareous nannofossil abundances from the western Tethys. The
nannofossil temperature index, calibrated with TEX86 sea surface
temperatures, suggests that warmest (34–36 ∘C) conditions were
reached during oceanic anoxic event (OAE) 1a onset, the Aptian–Albian
boundary interval hyperthermals (113, Kilian level and Urbino level OAE 1b)
and during a ca. 4 Myr long phase in the middle Albian. Coolest temperatures
(29 ∘C) correspond instead to the late Aptian. Generally warm
conditions characterized the Albian followed by a progressive cooling trend
that started in the latest Albian (at the Marne a Fucoidi–Scaglia Bianca Formation
transition). Temperate conditions occurred in the Cenomanian with frequent
short-term variations highlighted by abundance peaks of the cold-water
nannofossil species E. floralis and R. parvidentatum.
Mid-Cretaceous surface water fertility was rather fluctuating and mostly
independent from climatic conditions as well as from black shales intervals.
Intense warming and fertility spikes were systematically associated
only with black shales of OAE 1a and of the Aptian–Albian boundary
hyperthermals. The Albian–Cenomanian rhythmic black shales are, in fact,
associated with varying long-term climatic and fertility conditions. The
similarity of western Tethys climatic and fertility fluctuations during OAE 1a,
OAE 1b, the middle Albian and OAE 1d with nannofossil-based records from
other basins indicated that these paleoenvironmental conditions were
affecting the oceans at supra-regional to global scale.
The multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0): R code for generating ensembles with dynamic model structure and analysis of epistemic uncertainty from multiple sources
Authors: Walker Anthony P. , Ye Ming , Lu Dan , De Kauwe Martin G. , Gu Lianhong , Medlyn Belinda E. , Rogers Alistair , Serbin Shawn P. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Computer models are ubiquitous tools used to represent systems across many scientific and engineering domains. For any given system, many computer models exist, each built on different assumptions and demonstrating variability in the ways in which these systems can be represented. This variability is known as epistemic uncertainty, i.e. uncertainty in our knowledge of how these systems operate. Two primary sources of epistemic uncertainty are (1) uncertain parameter values and (2) uncertain mathematical representations of the processes that comprise the system. Many formal methods exist to analyse parameter-based epistemic uncertainty, while process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty is often analysed post hoc, incompletely, informally, or is ignored. In this model description paper we present the multi-assumption architecture and testbed (MAAT v1.0) designed to formally and completely analyse process-representation-based epistemic uncertainty. MAAT is a modular modelling code that can simply and efficiently vary model structure (process representation), allowing for the generation and running of large model ensembles that vary in process representation, parameters, parameter values, and environmental conditions during a single execution of the code. MAAT v1.0 approaches epistemic uncertainty through sensitivity analysis, assigning variability in model output to processes (process representation and parameters) or to individual parameters. In this model description paper we describe MAAT and, by using a simple groundwater model example, verify that the sensitivity analysis algorithms have been correctly implemented. The main system model currently coded in MAAT is a unified, leaf-scale enzyme kinetic model of C3 photosynthesis. In the Appendix we describe the photosynthesis model and the unification of multiple representations of photosynthetic processes. The numerical solution to leaf-scale photosynthesis is verified and examples of process variability in temperature response functions are provided. For rapid application to new systems, the MAAT algorithms for efficient variation of model structure and sensitivity analysis are agnostic of the specific system model employed. Therefore MAAT provides a tool for the development of novel or toy models in many domains, i.e. not only photosynthesis, facilitating rapid informal and formal comparison of alternative modelling approaches.
Old Believers and the World of Evil: Images of Evil Forces in Old Believer Art
Authors: Sulikowska-Bełczowska Aleksandra 
Published: August 2018

The article considers the Old Believers’ beliefs about, and the manner of depicting, the Antichrist, the end of the world, Satan and the devils. It discusses how both Old Believer literature and philosophy relate to their art, which was created between the second half of the 17th century and 1917. The subject matter includes popular images from Old Believer iconography, such as images of John the Baptist, the Angel of the Desert, the Archangel Michael, the Archistrategos of the Heavenly Hosts, Saint Nicetas fighting a devil, or Saint George slaying a dragon, as well as several illustration sets from various editions of the Old Believer Annotated Apocalypse. Many of the Old Believer icons, drawings and craftworks from various groups and workshops display angels, but also Satan and the devils. The latter may be considered particularly controversial in the light of the doctrine of icon painting and of the Old Believers’ particular beliefs. The article attempts to answer the question as to what reasons stood behind the fear of such representations and why they were ultimately accepted by the faithful.
Biblical Typologies as Means of Visual Exegesis: The Case of Aleksander Tarasewicz
Authors: Flisowska Zuzanna 
Published: August 2018

In the 1680s Aleksander Tarasewicz produced a cycle of prints illustrating the Thesaurus sacratissimae vitae passionis pretiosissimi sanguinis D. n. Iesu Christi, a prayer book compiled by the Augustine monk Fulgenty Dryjacki. The book was published by the Vilnius Academy publishing house, which was managed by the Jesuits; this publishing house was one of the most important centres of graphic art in the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania. Tarasewicz’s engravings stand out due to their complex iconographic programme and their composition, which refer to illustrations in prayer books that were popular in Western Europe at the time. The most interesting iconographic element are typological scenes from the Bible, which Tarasewicz included in most of the illustrations. Their analysis reveals which prints he used as his models, thus documenting Western aspirations in the art of 17th-century Vilnius.
From Red Ruthenia to Rawa Mazowiecka: the Works of the Anonymous “Master of Pełczyska” as a Contribution to the Geography of Rococo Sculpture in Mazovia
Authors: Wardzyński Michał 
Published: August 2018

Current research on Rococo sculpture in Mazovia and northern Lesser Poland has not taken into consideration Lvov Rococo sculpture. A total of thirteen works by a yet unidentified woodcarving workshop, probably of Lvov provenance, was located at the intersection of these two artistic regions, in the vicinity of Końskie, Opoczno, Przysucha and Rawa Mazowiecka. Its activity, commenced after 1780 in Pełczyska near Wiślica, lasted until ca. 1800, when the reredoses and lesser works of sculpture in Studzianna-Poświętne, Skrzyńsko, Nowy Kazanów, Końskie, Gowarczów, Drzewica, Rawa and Regnów were created. In formal terms, the anonymous “Master of Pełczyska”, as an epigone of the Lvov school of Rococo sculpture, shows a far-reaching dependency on the style of sculptures similar to that in the side altar of the Virgin Mary of Dzików in Tarnogród, in the Zamoyski family fee tail. This reredos was indirectly attributed to master Franciszek Olędzki from Lvov (active since 1771, d. 1792). The oeuvre of the “Master of Pełczyska” constitutes the second-largest assembly of Lvov Rococo sculptures outside the historical Ruthenian lands of the Crown of Poland. At the current stage of research, the discussed works, located at the intersection of the former Sandomierz and Rawa voivodeships, indicate the maximal influential range of these remarkably mobile artists towards the north-west of the Crown of Poland. Their migrations were directly connected, on the one hand, with the artistic crisis that followed the First Partition of the Commonwealth in 1772 and the annexation of Lvov by Austria, and, on the other hand, with the liquidation of monasteries after 1780 and the termination of existing ecclesiastic commissions. The short-lived activity of this workshop in the vicinity of Rawa is an important contribution to the research on the mosaic of external influences on provincial late Rococo sculpture in the fourth quarter of the 18th century in Mazovia.
A participação na construção de espaços políticos pelos umbandistas no município do Rio de Janeiro: visibilidade, reconhecimento e representatividade política/The participation in the construction of political spaces by the umbandists in the municipality of the Rio de Janeiro: visibility, recognition and political representativeness
Authors: Morais Marcelo Alonso 
Published: August 2018

RESUMONo Município do Rio de Janeiro, a crescente intolerância religiosa, a dificuldade de acesso aos espaços públicos e de manutenção dos espaços privados, além da necessidade de adaptação das religiões à Constituição Brasileira, vem levando grupos umbandistas a participar e/ou construir espaços políticos e, consequentemente, agendas públicas que levem em conta as demandas materiais e imateriais das populações envolvidas, criando, assim, condições espaciais que possibilitem visibilidade e efetividade de decisões num contexto democrático. Sendo assim, o artigo procura trazer à baila uma reflexão sobre como os espaços políticos fazem parte das estratégias dos grupos umbandistas no exercício da cidadania na cidade do Rio de Janeiro.Palavras-chave: Espaço – Política - Religião - Cidadania ABSTRACTIn the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, increasing religious intolerance, the difficulty of access to public spaces and the maintenance of private spaces, and the need for adaptation of religions to the Brazilian Constitution, have led Umbandist groups to participate and / or to build political spaces and , consequently, public agendas that take into account the material and immaterial demands of the populations involved, thus creating spatial conditions that allow visibility and effectiveness of decisions in a democratic context. Thus, the article seeks to bring to light a reflection on how political spaces are part of the Umbandist groups’ strategies in the exercise of citizenship in the city of Rio de Janeiro.Keywords: Space - Politics - Religion - Citizenship.
Dos espaços da sociabilidade aos espaços da ação política: transfiguração de ruas e praças em espaços políticos/From spaces of sociability to spaces of political action: transfiguration of streets and squares into political spaces
Authors: Machado Filho Guilherme Felix 
Published: August 2018

RESUMONos últimos anos, o cenário político mundial foi agitado por inúmeras manifestações que sacudiram ruas e praças, transfigurando, assim, em determinados momentos, espaços públicos – espaços do convívio social público - em espaços políticos – espaços da intencionalidade política. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar esse processo de transfiguração a partir de duas perspectivas de análise espacial próprias aos espaços políticos: a forma de organização dos/nos espaços e a exploração de sua visibilidade. Tomando como referência as manifestações ocorridas no Brasil no período de 2015 a 2016, verificou-se que o uso político de ruas e praças não é ocasional, mas resultado de estratégias definidas pelos grupos manifestantes de acordo com suas próprias características, como o tema da manifestação, o número de pessoas e a narrativa a ser criada, e as condições espaciais encontradas, como a visibilidade, o tamanho, a acessibilidade e os símbolos presentes nestes espaços.Palavras-chave: espaço político, ruas e praças, manifestações políticas, ação política. ABSTRACTIn recent years, the world political scene has been agitated by numerous demonstrations that have shaken streets and squares, thus transfiguring, at certain moments, public spaces - public social spaces - in political spaces - spaces of political intentions. Therefore, this article aims to analyze this process of transfiguration from two perspectives of spatial analysis specific to political spaces: the organization of spaces and the exploration of their visibility. Taking as a reference the manifestations that occurred in Brazil in the period from 2015 to 2016, it was verified that the political use of streets and squares is not occasional, but the result of strategies defined by the protesting groups according to their own characteristics, as the theme of the manifestation , the number of people and the narrative to be created, and the spatial conditions found, such as visibility, size, accessibility and symbols present in these spaces.Keywords: political space, streets and squares, political manifestations, political action