bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1,10‐Phenanthroline Carboxylic Acids for Preparation of Functionalized Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Abel Anton S. , Yu Mitrofanov Alexander , Yakushev Aleksei A. , Zenkov Ilya S. , Morozkov Gleb V. , Averin Alexei D. , Beletskaya Irina P. , Michalak Julien , Brandès Stéphane , Bessmertnykh‐Lemeune Alla 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSynthetic approaches to 1,10‐phenanthroline‐3‐carboxylic acid (2), 1,10‐phenanthroline‐3,8‐dicarboxylic acid (3) and their functionalized derivatives were investigated. Acids 2 and 3 were prepared in good yields from bromophenanthrolines via palladium‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation. Moreover, butyl 8‐bromo‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐3‐carboxylate was obtained in acceptable yield (25–35%) by ceasing the carbonylation of the dibromide 5 after 30–70% consumption of the starting compound. To prepare functionalized derivatives of acids 2 and 3, the reactions of butyl 8‐bromo‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐3‐carboxylate and diethyl 4,7‐dichloro‐1,10‐phenanthroline‐3,8‐dicarboxylate with various nucleophiles were investigated. SNAr reactions are suitable for the synthesis of 4,7‐diazido‐, dimethoxy‐ and diamino‐substituted 3,8‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)phenanthrolines, including the macrocyclic derivatives. The bromine atom at position 8 of the phenanthroline ring reacts with nucleophiles only in the presence of the palladium catalysts. The scope of these reactions was briefly investigated conducting Sonogashira, Suzuki‐Miyaura and Hirao reactions. Hydrolysis of the functionalized esters of phenanthroline leads to corresponding acids in good yields.
Orthologous nuclear markers and new transcriptomes that broadly cover the phylogenetic diversity of Acanthaceae
Authors: Morais Erica B. , Schönenberger Jürg , Conti Elena , Antonelli Alexandre , Szövényi Péter 
Published: September 2019

PremiseInformation on orthologous groups of genes, their sequence variability, and annotation is required for project design in phylogenetic reconstruction. This resource is unavailable for the flowering plant family Acanthaceae (>4000 species).MethodsWe compared transcriptome sequences spanning the extant diversity of Acanthaceae in order to provide a set of orthologous low‐copy nuclear genes and assess their utility for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within this group of plants.ResultsWe present new transcriptome assemblies for eight species representing all major clades of Acanthaceae. The assemblies of five of these species are entirely based on new sequence data. Of these five species, three are from subfamilies for which no genomic resources were previously available (Nelsonioideae and Thunbergioideae). These five new transcriptomes are more complete than all others from public databases. Furthermore, we provide alignments with sequence information, annotation, and statistics for potential phylogenetic utility of 1619 orthologous low‐copy nuclear markers.DiscussionOur method of inferring assemblies from multiple pooled tissue samples delivers more complete transcriptomes than any available ones from Acanthaceae. We make available to the community new resources (e.g., sequence information, variability, and annotation of orthologous low‐copy nuclear genes) that will help phylogenetic reconstruction in Acanthaceae.
SnS2/N‐Doped Graphene as a Superior Stability Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries by Inhibiting “Shuttle Effect”
Authors: Sheng Chuanchao , Zhang Chaofei , Shen Xiaoxiao , Zhao Shulin , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping , Wang Jing , Chen Yuhui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries are promising supplements to lithium‐ion batteries considering the abundance of potassium. However, the high reactivity of metallic potassium and low capacity of graphite anode are great challenges. A high capacity anode material is desired. Herein, we synthesize a tin sulfide/N‐doped reduced graphene oxide composite (SnS2/N‐rGO), in which tin sulfide nanoparticles are dispersed on the N‐doped graphene layer. It shows a high reversible capacity of 645.2 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and 402 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1. In situ X‐ray powder diffraction of the discharge process is carried out. KSn forms as a final product and K2S5 forms as an important discharge intermediate. Nitrogen‐doping immobilizes the tin sulfide particles and inhibits the loss of polysulfide intermediate. Therefore, 97.3 % of discharge capacity remains after 100 cycles. This result sheds light on the rational design of anode materials with large volume change for potassium ion batteries.
Single‐Ion Conducting Poly(Ethylene Oxide Carbonate) as Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Meabe Leire , Goujon Nicolas , Li Chunmei , Armand Michel , Forsyth Maria , Mecerreyes David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle‐ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SIPE) have attracted a lot of interest for application in high energy density lithium metal batteries. SIPEs possess lithium transport numbers close to unity, which does not provoke concentration gradients and holds the promise of limiting lithium dendrite formation. In this article, we have optimized a single‐ion polymer incorporating the most successful chemical units in polymer electrolytes, such as ethylene oxide, carbonate, and a lithium sulfonimide. This single‐ion poly(ethylene oxide carbonate) copolymer was synthesized by polycondensation between polyethylene glycol, dimethyl carbonate, and a functional diol including the pendant sulfonamide anionic group and the lithium counter‐cation. By playing with the monomer stoichiometry, the crystallinity and ionic conductivity were optimized. The best copolymer showed high ionic conductivity values of 1.2×10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C. Lithium interactions and mobility were studied by lithium‐pulsed field gradient, lithium diffusion, NMR relaxation time measurements, and FTIR‐ATR analysis. High lithium mobility is observed, which is due to the weakly coordinating chemical environment in the polymer and also that the sulfonamide in the SIPE adopts to a greater extent the cis conformation, which is known to promote lithium mobility. Finally, the performance of the singe‐ion conducting poly(ethylene oxide carbonate) was compared in lithium symmetric cells versus an analogous conventional salt in polymer electrolyte, showing improved performance in lithium plating and stripping.
Management and intensity of medical end‐of‐life care in people with colorectal cancer during the year before their death in 2015: A French national observational study
Authors: Tanguy‐Melac Audrey , Aguade Anne‐Sophie , Fagot‐Campagna Anne , Gastaldi‐Ménager Christelle , Sabaté Jean‐Marc , Tuppin Philippe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe care pathway of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) 1 year prior to death, their causes of death and the healthcare use, and associated expenditure remain poorly described together. People managed for CRC (2014‐2015), covered by the national health insurance general scheme and who died in 2015 were selected from the national health data system. A total of 15 361 individuals (mean age: 75 years, SD: 12.5 years) were included, almost 66% of whom died in short‐stay hospital (SSH), 9% in hospital at home (HaH), 4% in rehabilitation units (Rehab), 6% in skilled nursing homes (SNH), and 15% at home. At least one other cancer was identified for one‐third of these people. Almost one‐half of people presented cardiovascular comorbidity, 21% had chronic respiratory disease, and 13% had a neurological or degenerative disease. During the last month of life, 83% were admitted at least once to SSH, 39% had at least one emergency department admission, 17% were admitted to an intensive care unit, 15% received at least one chemotherapy session (<60 years: 27%), and 5% received oral chemotherapy. Eighty‐eight percent of the 60% of individuals who received hospital palliative care (HPC) vs 75% of those without HPC were admitted to SSH at least once during the last month. Cancer was the main cause of death for 84% (SSH: 85%, home: 77%) and corresponded to CRC for 64% of them. The mean annual expenditure per person during the last year of life was €43 398 (SSH: €48 804). This study suggests a relatively high level of HPC use during the year before death for people with CRC in France. High rates of emergency department, intensive care, and chemotherapy use were observed during the last month of life. However, management is very largely SSH‐based with a small proportion of deaths at home.
Cell‐Wall‐Targeting Antibiotics Cause Lag‐Phase Bacteria to Form Surface‐Mediated Filaments Promoting the Formation of Biofilms and Aggregates
Authors: Jin Yuchen , Zheng Hewen , Ibanez Arizza Chiara S. , Patil Pankaj D. , Lv Suqi , Luo Minrui , Duncan Thomas M. , Luk Yan‐Yeung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAntibiotics are known to promote bacterial formation of enhanced biofilms, the mechanism of which is not well understood. Here, using biolayer interferometry, we have shown that bacterial cultures containing antibiotics that target cell walls cause biomass deposition on surfaces over time with a linear profile rather than the Langmuir‐like profiles exhibited by bacterial adherence in the absence of antibiotics. We observed about three times the initial rate and 12 times the final biomass deposition on surfaces for cultures containing carbenicillin than without. Unexpectedly, in the presence of antibiotics, the rate of biomass deposition inversely correlated with bacterial densities from different stages of a culture. Detailed studies revealed that carbenicillin caused faster growth of filaments that were seeded on surfaces from young bacteria (from lag phase) than those from high‐density fast‐growing bacteria, with rates of filament elongation of about 0.58 and 0.13 μm min−1, respectively. With surfaces that do not support bacterial adherence, few filaments were observed even in solution. These filaments aggregated in solution and formed increased amounts of biofilms on surfaces. These results reveal the lifestyle of antibiotic‐induced filamentous bacteria, as well as one way in which the antibiotics promote biofilm formation.
Comparison of the chemical and textural properties of germ‐remaining soft rice grains from different spikelet positions
Authors: Ma Zhao‐Hui , Chen Heng‐Xue , Lyu Wen‐Yan , Cheng Hai‐Tao , Chen Yun , Wang Yong‐Bing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesRice with very low amylose content tends to have a good taste, while germ‐remaining rice is nutritive because it retains nutrient‐rich embryos. We cultivated a batch of new germ‐remaining rice varieties with very low amylose content, and good nutrition and taste. We tested the differences in taste quality between superior and inferior grains.FindingsThe plumule ratio of superior grain was significantly higher than that of inferior grain. The elasticity of the surface layer and whole layer of superior grains was greatly reduced, whereas quality of balance (stickiness/hardness) and tackiness were increased. The proportion of apparent amylose content (AAC) and amylopectin long‐chain branching (Fb3) decreased, whereas the proportion of medium‐length branches (Fb1+2) increased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that small value of aspect ratio and low proportion Fb3, especially the former, can improve the quality of balance of rice. Moreover, plumule ratio showed a high correlation with grain shape and filling degree.ConclusionsTherefore, for the specially developed rice, plumule ratio and edibility can be improved by promoting grain plumpness and weight ratio of the embryo, especially the inferior grain.Significance and noveltyFor rice taste improving, the contribution of grain filling was greater than that of chemical changes in the endosperm composition, and breeders should pay attention to grain shape improvement and filling to improve the taste of rice.
Rapid and In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles in Redox Multilayer Film for Biosensor Applications
Authors: Sun Yi‐xin , Ren Ke‐feng , Liu Xiang‐sheng , Ji Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFerrocene‐grafted poly(ethyleneimine)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEI‐Fc/PAA) multilayer films were constructed via layer‐by‐layer assembly. When the PEI‐Fc/PAA films were immersed in HAuCl4 solution, Fc and the AuIII were converted to Fc+ and Au0, respectively, via the redox reaction of Fc and HAuCl4, and the PEI‐Fc/PAA@Au nanoparticles (NPs) multilayer films were rapidly fabricated. SEM and TEM results showed Au NPs were distributed homogeneously throughout the thickness of the whole film. The electron transfer behavior of PEI‐Fc/PAA@Au NPs multilayer films was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The results indicated that the Au NPs greatly improve the conductivity of multilayer films and thus enhance the electrochemical properties of films. The PEI‐Fc/PAA@Au NPs films were further used for the fabrication of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor, which showed good catalytic ability for the reduction of H2O2. This approach is expected to expand the routes towards rapid fabrication of Au NPs into multilayer films.
The demography of hurricane effects on two coral populations differing in dynamics
Authors: Edmunds Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn most tropical coral reefs, decades of disturbances have ratcheted down coral cover to create low abundance communities. In such a state, the reefs of St. John, US Virgin Islands, were hit by two Category 5 hurricanes in September 2017, yet the effects on two sites dominated by Orbicella annularis were minor in terms of coral cover. To explore the implications of this outcome, the fates of O. annularis colonies were determined from photoquadrats and used to prepare size‐based matrix models for the year preceding the storms and the four months bracketing the storms. The populations displayed contrasting dynamics from 1988 to July 2017, with coral cover declining from 43% to 5% at Yawzi Point but remaining at ~30% at Tektite. Over this period, colony sizes declined, with ≥82% having planar areas ≤50 cm2 (i.e., the smallest size class) by July 2017, and while densities declined from 47 to 8 colonies/m2 at Yawzi Point, they increased from 36 to 51 colonies/m2 at Tektite. Hurricanes Irma and Maria depressed coral cover by 1–4%, transitioned colonies into the smallest size class (>87% by November), killed 27% and 5% of the colonies in the smallest size class at Yawzi Point and Tektite, respectively, and depressed the 5‐yr intrinsic rate of population growth (λ) to 0.53–0.87. Twenty‐year projections suggested these demographic effects will not have ecologically meaningful impacts on population size, at least compared to projections initiated assuming Hurricanes Irma and Maria had not occurred. With low cover of O. annularis distributed among many small colonies, future disturbances may play more important roles in winnowing the few remaining host genotypes rather than further depressing coral cover.
Grasshopper phenological responses to climate gradients, variability, and change
Authors: Nufio César R. , Buckley Lauren B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSpecies have responded to recent climate change via pronounced, but often variable, shifts in seasonal timing (phenology). Can this variability be accounted for by comparing responses along an elevational gradient and among species differing in seasonal timing and traits? We resurveyed montane grasshopper communities along a 1300‐m elevational gradient to examine phenological responses to ~50 yr of climate warming. Phenological responses were elevation dependent, influenced by relative warming (which was more pronounced at higher elevations) and by substantial interannual variability in available growing degree‐days (GDDs). The total number of GDDs available for development within a season declines with elevation, and correspondingly high‐elevation populations required fewer GDDs to reach adulthood. Although phenological advancements were particularly pronounced at higher elevations, consistent with a greater magnitude of climate warming, species as a whole initiated and completed development earlier in warmer years. During warm years, phenological advances were most pronounced early in development, and the timing of adulthood tended to occur earlier (at a similar or greater accumulation of GDDs). Phenological advancement was also more pronounced in early season species, which exhibit developmental plasticity to capitalize on warming. Interactions with elevation were also strongest for the early season species. Our study shows the importance of incorporating developmental information to understand the environmental and organismal mechanisms that drive variable phenological responses and suggests that the phenological impacts of warming will be concentrated early in development, among early season species, and at high elevations. Considering these drivers of phenological variability can aid understanding and predicting climate‐induced changes to community and ecosystem structure.
Designing multi‐scale hierarchical monitoring frameworks for wildlife to support management: a sage‐grouse case study
Authors: O'Donnell Michael S. , Edmunds David R. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Heinrichs Julie A. , Coates Peter S. , Prochazka Brian G. , Hanser Steve E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPopulation monitoring is integral to the conservation and management of wildlife; yet, analyses of population demographic data rarely consider processes occurring across spatial scales, potentially limiting the effectiveness of adaptive management. Therefore, we developed a method to identify hierarchical levels of organization (i.e., populations) to define multiple spatial scales, specifically intended to help guide appropriate conservation and management actions. This approach can support mobile species with high site fidelity where surveys occur on birthing/breeding grounds or migratory stopovers. Our approach used a graph‐based clustering algorithm (Spatial K'luster Analysis by Tree Edge Removal) that explicitly included habitat selection information at multiple scales and further refined with constraint‐based rules. We applied these concepts to greater sage‐grouse leks (breeding grounds), a species of conservation concern, in two different ecological contexts (Nevada and Wyoming, USA). The constraint‐based rules accounted for inter‐lek movement distances based on literature and field studies in Nevada from 2012 to 2016, included methods to support a spatially balanced monitoring design, and identified barriers to movements among leks based on resistance surfaces. We evaluated the performance of our hierarchical clusters in Nevada using independent data from radio‐marked sage‐grouse, and we found the finest‐scaled cluster level captured ~90% of sage‐grouse movements and mid‐level scales captured ~97–99% of movements. We expected comparable performance for Wyoming, where we lacked radio‐marked sage‐grouse for an evaluation, because genetic studies estimate similar dispersal distances to our ~15 km inter‐lek movement distance in Nevada. For sage‐grouse and other mobile species with high site fidelity, our approach to defining these frameworks could prove valuable for conservation and management applications, such as improving estimation of scale‐dependent population trends and guiding the prescription of management actions at spatial scales that align with identified threats. Specific to sage‐grouse, our analysis sets the stage for designing a monitoring framework that relies on comparison of short‐ and long‐term population trends across our defined spatial scales and identifies and disentangles factors driving local (e.g., habitat quality) and regional (e.g., climate) population changes, thereby supporting scale‐dependent management and research needs for adaptive management practices.
Recreational water monitoring: Nanofluidic qRT‐PCR chip for assessing beach water safety
Authors: Shahraki Abdolrazagh Hashemi , Heath Daniel , Chaganti Subba Rao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImproved recreational water monitoring using rapid molecular genetic methods would decrease both public health risks and unnecessary beach closures. Hence, we developed a novel nanofluidic quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) in the OpenArray platform to (a) detect and quantify fecal indicator bacteria (FIBs; N = 2), (b) identify contaminant sources (microbial source tracking (MST); N = 7), and (c) detect human virulent pathogens (virulence gene markers; N = 15). Our water monitoring OpenArray plate reliably detects as few as two template copies/hole (OpenArray® well), with some marker sensitivities as low as single‐copy detection. The OpenArray plate showed high target sequence specificity and returned expected patterns of contaminants for fecal and sewage samples. We found Canada geese and seagulls were the leading causes of contamination at beaches that tested positive for coliforms. When we incorporated robotic DNA extraction, we were able to process samples from water to FIBs, MST, and waterborne pathogen detection and quantification within four hours. Our monitoring TaqMan qPCR assays in the OpenArray platform is uniquely valuable for regulatory agencies charged with beach water safety as well as for researchers interested in human health implications of aquatic microbial community structure.
Hyperpolarized Metabolic Imaging Detects Latent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Domains Surviving Locoregional Therapy
Authors: Perkons Nicholas R. , Kiefer Ryan M. , Noji Michael C. , Pourfathi Mehrdad , Ackerman Daniel , Siddiqui Sarmad , Tischfield David , Profka Enri , Johnson Omar , Pickup Stephen , Mancuso Anthony , Pantel Austin , Denburg Michelle R. , Nadolski Gregory J. , Hunt Stephen J. , Furth Emma E. , Kadlecek Stephen , Gade Terence P. F. 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Advances in cancer treatment have improved survival; however, local recurrence and metastatic disease—the principal causes of cancer mortality—have limited the ability to achieve durable remissions. Local recurrences arise from latent tumor cells that survive therapy and are often not detectable by conventional clinical imaging techniques. Local recurrence after transarterial embolization (TAE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) provides a compelling clinical correlate of this phenomenon. In response to TAE‐induced ischemia, HCC cells adapt their growth program to effect a latent phenotype that precedes local recurrence.

Approach and Results
In this study, we characterized and leveraged the metabolic reprogramming demonstrated by latent HCC cells in response to TAE‐induced ischemia to enable their detection in vivo using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of 13carbon‐labeled substrates. Under TAE‐induced ischemia, latent HCC cells demonstrated reduced metabolism and developed a dependence on glycolytic flux to lactate. Despite the hypometabolic state of these cells, DNP‐MRSI of 1‐13C‐pyruvate and its downstream metabolites, 1‐13C‐lactate and 1‐13C‐alanine, predicted histological viability.

Conclusions
These studies provide a paradigm for imaging latent, treatment‐refractory cancer cells, suggesting that DNP‐MRSI provides a technology for this application.