bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional hippocampal diffusion abnormalities associated with subfield‐specific pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Treit Sarah , Little Graham , Steve Trevor , Nowacki Tom , Schmitt Laura , Wheatley B. Matt , Beaulieu Christian , Gross Donald W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveHippocampal sclerosis (HS) is the most common pathology and best predictor of surgical outcome for medically refractory patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Current clinical MRI methods can detect HS, but subfield pathology is poorly characterized, limiting accurate prediction of seizure‐free outcomes after surgery. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can probe regional microstructural changes associated with focal hippocampal pathology, but is typically limited by low‐resolution whole‐brain acquisitions.MethodsHigh‐resolution (1 × 1 × 1 mm3) DTI, T1, and quantitative T2 of the hippocampus was acquired in 18 preoperative TLE patients and 19 healthy controls. Diffusion images were qualitatively assessed for loss of internal architecture, and whole‐hippocampus diffusion, volume, and quantitative T2 were compared across groups. Regional hippocampal diffusion abnormalities were examined in all subjects and compared to histology in four subjects who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy.ResultsHigh‐resolution mean diffusion‐weighted images enabled visualization of internal hippocampal architecture, used to visually identify HS with 86% specificity and 93% sensitivity. Mean diffusivity (MD) elevations were regionally heterogenous within the hippocampus and varied across TLE patients. The spatial location of diffusion abnormalities corresponded with the location of focal subfield neuron loss, gliosis, and reduced myelin staining abnormalities identified with postsurgical histology in four subjects who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy. Whole‐hippocampus MD and T2 relaxation times were higher, and fractional anisotropy (FA) and volumes were lower in TLE patients relative to controls. Left hippocampus MD correlated with verbal memory in the TLE group.SignificanceVisualization of internal architecture and focal diffusion abnormalities on high‐resolution diffusion imaging suggests potential clinical utility of diffusion imaging in TLE and may have significant implications for surgical planning and prediction of seizure‐free outcomes in individual patients.
Effect of heat treatment temperature on energy storage performance of PAN co‐MMA based carbon nanofibers as freestanding lithium ion batteries anode
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Gurunathan Padalingam , Ramesha Kannadka , Singh Mandeep , Dhakate Sanjay R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile co methyl methacrylate (PAN co‐MMA) based nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning technique and were converted into carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by heating at 1000°C (PAN‐1000), 1800°C (PAN‐1800), and 2200°C (PAN‐2200). Various characterizations such as SEM, TEM, Raman, FT‐IR have been carried out to study the effect of heat temperature on the microstructure of carbon fibers. The carbon nanofiber diameter varies in the range 600‐120 nm for different heat temperatures. Further, these CNFs were evaluated as freestanding anode in Li‐ion batteries. The PAN‐1000 and PAN‐1800 CNFs show stable capacity up to 150 cycles and specific capacity of 254 and 238 mAh g−1 at high discharge rate of 1C; however PAN‐2200 despite of better microstructure and surface area (~60m2/g) shows low specific capacity of 105 mAh g−1mAh/g, that is probably due to distribution of pore structures present in fibers as well as low electrolyte wetting through the carbon fibers electrode observed in post‐cycling SEM analysis. In addition, at higher discharge rate of 3C, PAN‐1000 shows stable cyclability and high capacity of 198 mAh g−1 over 450 cycles and 238 mAh g−1at 1C rate over 500 cycles. The microstructure and pore structure all affect the energy storage performance of PAN‐co MMA based CNFs.
The cell of origin and the leukemia stem cell in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chopra Martin , Bohlander Stefan K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is experimental and observational evidence that the cells of the leukemic clone in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have different phenotypes even though they share the same somatic mutations. The organization of the malignant clone in AML has many similarities to normal hematopoiesis, with leukemia stem cells (LSCs) that sustain leukemia and give rise to more differentiated cells. LSCs, similar to normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are those cells that are able to give rise to a new leukemic clone when transplanted into a recipient. The cell of origin of leukemia (COL) is defined as the normal cell that is able to transform into a leukemia cell. Current evidence suggests that the COL is distinct from the LSC. Here, we will review the current knowledge about LSCs and the COL in AML.
Retrieval analysis of TiN (titanium nitride) coated knee replacements: Coating wear and degradation in vivo
Authors: Łapaj Łukasz , Rozwalka Justyna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionTitanium nitride (TiN) coatings are used in joint arthroplasty to minimize wear and reduce the allergenic potential of metal implants, yet little is known about their performance in knee arthroplasty. This retrieval study examined TiN coated knee replacements to verify in vivo wear and degradation of the coating.Materials and methodsThis study included total and unicompartmental mobile bearing knee replacements retrieved from five patients (eight components) after 13–21 months due to aseptic loosening or infection. Implants were examined using scanning (SEM) and optical microscopy, surface damage was assessed using a semiquantitative scoring system, adhesion was determined using indentation technique testing, surface roughness was measured using contact profilometry.ResultsAlthough good coating adhesion and no gross failure were observed on all retrievals, coating wear and roughening were evident on tibial bearing surfaces. Multiple microscopic defects (pinholes, craters, titanium droplets) were observed on all samples in SEM studies. Microscopic wear scars indicated that particulate defects significantly contributed to coating wear, acting as third bodies.ConclusionTiN coatings of knee replacements undergo wear and degradation related to presence of third bodies and microscopic defects on their surface. Since coating integrity may be compromised in vivo, such implants should be used with caution in metal sensitive patients.
Association between ultrasound morphologic features and histopathological findings of lobular carcinoma
Authors: Malherbe Kathryn , Bresser Philippa 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the incidence and recurrence rates of breast cancer, there are currently no biomarkers to predict which cases will develop into lobular carcinoma (LC).The purpose of this study was to determine the association between ultrasound morphologic characteristics of LC and histopathological classifications.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional study was conducted on the ultrasound images and histopathological reports of 100 patients with a confirmed LC diagnosis between January 2013 and December 2016.ResultsMorphologic ultrasound characteristics most frequently reported in the dataset of positively diagnosed LC patients were; irregular ultrasound shape (86%), hypoechoic echogenicity (88%), poorly circumscribed margin (95%), posterior acoustic enhancement (93%) and absent calcifications (81%). Using Fisher's extract test, it was found that stromal fibrosis, single file type pattern, atypical lobular hyperplasia and LC Grade II were significantly correlated with irregular shape and hypoechoic echogenicity.ConclusionA prognostic predictor tool can be designed from this study's findings which can then be used in practice to raise awareness of the unique morphometric markers related to LC of the breast.
Quantification of growth factors in advanced platelet‐rich fibrin and concentrated growth factors and their clinical efficacy as adjunctive to the GTR procedure in periodontal intrabony defects
Authors: Lei Lihong , Yu Yuanyuan , Han Jiayin , Shi Danhui , Sun Weilian , Zhang Diya , Chen Lili 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe development of platelet concentrated biomaterials has gained increasing awareness for regenerative medicine. With different protocol, derivatives such as advanced platelet‐rich fibrin (A‐PRF), injected platelet‐rich fibrin, and concentrated growth factor (CGF) have been demonstrated effectively in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to compare the level of growth factors releasing from A‐PRF and CGF, and their clinical efficacy in the regenerative management of intrabony defects (IBDs).MethodsThirty‐two blood samples were collected from eight healthy donors and assessed for platelet‐derived growth factor‐αβ, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein‐2, and transforming growth factor‐β1 release at indicated times. In addition, the clinical records of 45 patients (15 per group) who had undergone guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with or without A‐PRF/CGF were retrieved. The probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Intrabony component (IC) depth, radiographic bone level (RBL), and bone defect filling were assessed radiographically.ResultsA‐PRF had a looser fibrin network than the CGF but presented larger amounts of growth factors with a more sustained release period. Although there was no difference in PD reduction, CAL gain, RBL height change and defect filling (%) between A‐PRF and CGF group, both achieved a more favorable clinical result in IC height reduction and defect filling (%) than the control.ConclusionsA‐PRF and CGF have the ability to stimulate a continual and steady release of total growth factors over a 14‐day period. A‐PRF and CGF show a similar effectiveness in periodontal bone regeneration with a potential benefit of improving GTR outcomes in IBD treatment.
Glacial history of the Greenland Ice Sheet and a local ice cap in Qaanaaq, northwest Greenland
Authors: Søndergaard Anne Sofie , Larsen Nicolaj Krog , Olsen Jesper , Strunk Astrid , Woodroffe Sarah 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, we present new information on the glacial history of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) and a local ice cap in Qaanaaq, northwest Greenland. We use geomorphological mapping, 10Be exposure dating of boulders, analysis of lake cores, and 14C dating of reworked marine molluscs and subfossil plants to constrain the glacial history. Our 14C ages of reworked marine molluscs reveal that the ice extent in the area was at or behind its present‐day position from 42.2 ± 0.4 to 30.6 ± 0.3k cal a BP after which the GrIS expanded to its maximum position during the Last Glacial Maximum. We find evidence of early ice retreat in the deep fjord (Inglefield Bredning) at 11.9 ± 0.6 ka whereas the Taserssuit Valley was deglaciated ~4 ka later at 7.8 ± 0.1k cal a BP. A proglacial lake record suggests that the local ice cap survived the Holocene Thermal Maximum but moss kill‐dates reveal that it was smaller than present for a period of time before 3.3 ± 0.1k until 0.9 ± 0.1k cal a BP, following which the ice in the area expanded towards its Little Ice Age extent. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preharvest application of methyl jasmonate increases crop yield, fruit quality and bioactive compounds in pomegranate ‘Mollar de Elche’ at harvest and during postharvest storage
Authors: García‐Pastor María E , Serrano María , Guillén Fabián , Giménez María J , Martínez‐Romero Domingo , Valero Daniel , Zapata Pedro J 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious reports have addressed the effectiveness of postharvest methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments on maintaining quality properties of pomegranate fruit during storage. However, there is no literature regarding the effects of preharvest MeJA treatments on pomegranate ‘Mollar de Elche’ crop yield, fruit ripening, quality attributes and bioactive compounds content (at harvest or after long‐term storage), which were evaluated in this research.RESULTSPreharvest MeJA treatments (1, 5, and 10 mmol L‐1) increased pomegranate crop yield. MeJA at 1 and 5 mmol L‐1 accelerated the on‐tree ripening process, while it was delayed with 10 mmol L‐1. Losses in fruit weight, firmness and organic acids during storage at 10 °C were delayed in MeJA treated fruit, leading to quality maintenance. In addition, MeJA treatments improved arils colour due to increased concentration of total and individual anthocyanins, at harvest and during storage. Total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents and total antioxidant activity [hydrophilic (H‐TAA) and lipophilic (L‐TAA) fractions] were also higher in arils from treated pomegranate fruits than in controls.CONCLUSIONPreharvest treatments with MeJA could be a promising tool to improve pomegranate crop yield, fruit quality and its content in bioactive compounds at harvest and during storage. The higher effects were obtained with MeJA at 5 mmol L‐1 dose, which could be the selected treatment for practical application purposes. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of OptRx™ active optical sensor to monitor soybean response to nitrogen inputs
Authors: Sivarajan Saravanan , Maharlooei Mohammadmehdi , Kandel Herman , Buetow Ryan R , Nowatzki John , Bajwa Sreekala G 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDActive optical crop sensors have been gaining importance to determine in‐season nitrogen (N) fertilization requirements for on‐the‐go variable rate applications. Although most of these active in‐field crop sensors have been evaluated in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.), these sensors have not been evaluated in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production systems in North Dakota, USA. Recent research from both South Dakota and North Dakota, USA indicate that in‐season N application in soybean can increase soybean yield under certain conditions.RESULTSThe study revealed that OptRx™ sensor reading did not show any significant differences from early to midway through the growing season. The NDRE (normalized difference red edge) index data collected towards the end of the growing season showed significantly higher values for some of the N treatments as compared to others in both years. The NDRE values were strongly correlated to grain yield for both years under tiled (r = 0.923) and non‐tiled (r = 0.901) drainage conditions. Certain soybean varieties displayed significantly higher NDRE values over both years. The three varieties tested across years, under both tiled and non‐tiled conditions, showed a significant linear relationship between late August NDRE values and yield (R2 = 0.85 for tiled and R2 = 0.81 for non‐tiled).CONCLUSIONIn this research, the study results show that the OptRx™ sensor has the potential to work for soybean as well, though later in the crop growing season. Further investigation is needed to confirm the use of OptRx™ sensor for variable rate in‐season N applications in soybeans. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Retronasal olfactory function in patients with smell loss but subjectively normal flavor perception
Authors: Liu David Tianxiang , Besser Gerold , Renner Bertold , Seyferth Stefan , Hummel Thomas , Mueller Christian Albert 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe human sense of smell constitutes the main part of flavor perception. Typically, patients with loss of olfactory function complain of diminished perception during eating and drinking. However, some patients with smell loss still report normal enjoyment of foods. The aim of the present study was to compare orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in patients with non‐sinonasal smell loss and subjectively normal flavor perception.MethodsNineteen patients (mean age [range] 52.0 [8–83 years]) with self‐reported olfactory impairment but subjective normal flavor perception were included. Olfactory performance was assessed using the Sniffin’ Sticks (TDI) for orthonasal and the Candy Smell Test (CST) for retronasal function. Visual analogue scales were used for self‐assessment of odor (SOP), taste (STP), and flavor perception (SFP), ranging from 0 (no perception) to 10 (excellent perception).ResultsMean (SD) SFP was 8.0 (1.8). Mean (SD) orthonasal TDI‐score of all patients was 14.4 (5.3, range 6–25.3) with 11 patients classified as anosmic and eight as hyposmic. Mean/SD retronasal CST‐score was 8.8 (2.7, range 3–13) within the range of anosmia/hyposmia. No correlation was found between SFP and the CST (P = .62).ConclusionThe present results showed that despite claiming normal flavor perception, our patients were ortho‐ and retronasally dysosmic using standard tests for olfactory function. Although other explanations could be possible, we suggest that this subjective flavor perception might be due to unconscious memory recall from previously experienced cross‐modal sensory interactions.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1629–1633, 2020
Optical imaging provides rapid verification of static small beams, radiosurgery, and VMAT plans with millimeter resolution
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Ramish , Bruza Petr , Pogue Brian W. , Nelson Nathan , Williams Benjamin B. , Jarvis Lesley A. , Gladstone David J. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeWe demonstrate the feasibility of optical imaging as a quality assurance tool for static small beamlets, and pretreatment verification tool for radiosurgery and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans.MethodsSmall static beams and clinical VMAT plans were simulated in a treatment planning system (TPS) and delivered to a cylindrical tank filled with water‐based liquid scintillator. Emission was imaged using a blue‐sensitive, intensified CMOS camera time‐gated to the linac pulses. For static beams, percentage depth and cross beam profiles of projected intensity distribution were compared to TPS data. Two‐dimensional (2D) gamma analysis was performed on all clinical plans, and the technique was tested for sensitivity against common errors (multileaf collimator position, gantry angle) by inducing deliberate errors in the VMAT plans control points. The technique’s detection limits for spatial resolution and the smallest number of control points that could be imaged reliably were also tested. The sensitivity to common delivery errors was also compared against a commercial 2.5D diode array dosimeter.ResultsA spatial resolution of 1 mm was achieved with our imaging setup. The optical projected percentage depth intensity profiles agreed to within 2% relative to the TPS data for small static square beams (5, 10, and 50 mm2). For projected cross beam profiles, a gamma pass rate >99% was achieved for a 3%/1 mm criteria. All clinical plans passed the 3%/3 mm criteria with >95% passing rate. A static 5 mm beam with 20 Monitor Units could be measured with an average percent difference of 5.5 ± 3% relative to the TPS. The technique was sensitive to multileaf collimator errors down to 1 mm and gantry angle errors of 1°.ConclusionsOptical imaging provides ample spatial resolution for imaging small beams. The ability to faithfully image down to 20 MU of 5 mm, 6 MV beamlets prove the ability to perform quality assurance for each control point within dynamic plans. The technique is sensitive to small offset errors in gantry angles and multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf positions, and at certain scenario, it exhibits higher sensitivity than a commercial 2.5D diode array.
Network Reconstruction and Significant Pathway Extraction Using Phosphoproteomic Data from Cancer Cells
Authors: Buffard Marion , Naldi Aurélien , Radulescu Ovidiu , Coopman Peter J. , Larive Romain M. , Freiss Gilles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProtein phosphorylation acts as an efficient switch controlling deregulated key signaling pathway in cancer. Computational biology aims to address the complexity of reconstructed networks but overrepresents well‐known proteins and lacks information on less‐studied proteins. A bioinformatic tool to reconstruct and select relatively small networks that connect signaling proteins to their targets in specific contexts is developed. It enables to propose and validate new signaling axes of the Syk kinase. To validate the potency of the tool, it is applied to two phosphoproteomic studies on oncogenic mutants of the well‐known phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase (PIK3CA) and the unfamiliar Src‐related tyrosine kinase lacking C‐terminal regulatory tyrosine and N‐terminal myristoylation sites (SRMS) kinase. By combining network reconstruction and signal propagation, comprehensive signaling networks from large‐scale experimental data are built and multiple molecular paths from these kinases to their targets are extracted. Specific paths from two distinct PIK3CA mutants are retrieved, and their differential impact on the HER3 receptor kinase is explained. In addition, to address the missing connectivities of the SRMS kinase to its targets in interaction pathway databases, phospho‐tyrosine and phospho‐serine/threonine proteomic data are integrated. The resulting SRMS‐signaling network comprises casein kinase 2, thereby validating its currently suggested role downstream of SRMS. The computational pipeline is publicly available, and contains a user‐friendly graphical interface (http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3333687).
The infinite epistemic regress problem has no unique solution
Authors: Meester Ronald , Kerkvliet Timber 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article we analyze the claim that a probabilistic interpretation of the infinite epistemic regress problem leads to a unique solution, the so called “completion” of the regress. This claim is implicitly based on the assumption that the standard Kolmogorov axioms of probability theory are suitable for describing epistemic probability. This assumption, however, has been challenged in the literature, by various authors. One of the alternatives that have been suggested to replace the Kolmogorov axioms in case of an epistemic interpretation of probability, are belief functions, introduced by Shafer in 1976. We show that when one uses belief functions to describe the infinite epistemic regress problem, it is no longer the case that the solution is unique. We also argue that this complies with common sense.