bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling of Primate Forearm Muscle Architecture as It Relates to Locomotion and Posture
Authors: Leischner Carissa L. , Crouch Michael , Allen Kari L. , Marchi Damiano , Pastor Francisco , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIt has been previously proposed that distal humerus morphology may reflect the locomotor pattern and substrate preferred by different primates. However, relationships between these behaviors and the morphological capabilities of muscles originating on these osteological structures have not been fully explored. Here, we present data about forearm muscle architecture in a sample of 44 primate species (N = 55 specimens): 9 strepsirrhines, 15 platyrrhines, and 20 catarrhines. The sample includes all major locomotor and substrate use groups. We isolated each antebrachial muscle and categorized them into functional groups: wrist and digital extensors and flexors, antebrachial mm. that do not cross the wrist, and functional combinations thereof. Muscle mass, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), reduced PCSA (RPCSA), and fiber length (FL) are examined in the context of higher taxonomic group, as well as locomotor/postural and substrate preferences. Results show that muscle masses, PCSA, and RPCSA scale with positive allometry while FL scales with isometry indicating that larger primates have relatively stronger, but neither faster nor more flexible, forearms across the sample. When accounting for variation in body size, we found no statistically significant difference in architecture among higher taxonomic groups or locomotor/postural groups. However, we found that arboreal primates have significantly greater FL than terrestrial ones, suggesting that these species are adapted for greater speed and/or flexibility in the trees. These data may affect our interpretation of the mechanisms for variation in humeral morphology and provide information for refining biomechanical models of joint stress and movement in extant and fossil primates. Anat Rec, 301:484–495, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating volume estimates for buried shell deposits: A comparative experimental case study using ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity under varying soil conditions
Authors: Kenady Selene L. , Lowe Kelsey M. , Ridd Peter V. , Ulm Sean 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSampling issues represent a persistent problem in shell matrix research, particularly for large shell deposits. When small samples are taken from large buried deposits it is almost impossible, under current research practices, to understand how representative that sample is of the overall deposit. This case study tests a novel method for creating a better understanding of the buried deposits from which excavated samples are taken, thereby allowing for improved sampling strategies and a better understanding of how representative those samples are of the overall site. The case study employs two geophysical survey methods, ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity, to investigate buried shell deposits under experimental conditions. The survey results were used to create volume estimations and three‐dimensional (3D) models of buried shell deposits. This method is novel to shell matrix research and the current case study was designed to test the viability of the method under differing conditions. As well as testing the two geophysical methods, surveys were conducted under different moisture levels, soil types and survey transect spacings. Results showed that the 3D models and volume estimates of the deposit were successful in creating a representative understanding of the nature of the buried deposit, but with varying degrees of accuracy. GPR results created more accurate volume estimates and 3D models than the electrical resistivity results. Both geophysical methods produced more accurate results under drier conditions, though the electrical resistivity produced more visually distinct results with higher moisture levels. Analysis of the volume results revealed an error margin (to a confidence level of 95%) of 9.5% ± 15.5% for the GPR, and 44.5% ± 31.5% to 56 ± 70.5% for the electrical resistivity, depending on the interpretation method used to create the models.
A computer‐based educational tool for simulating multifactorial experiments of physical processes
Authors: Concha Antonio , Delgado Chavez Ana Cristina , Balagurusamy Nagamani , Narayanasamy Rajeswari , Gadi Suresh K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, challenges in designing example problems of multifactorial experiments for an academic purpose are identified, and an algorithm for simulating multifactorial experiments is presented. It is based on a proposed mathematical function, which mimics a physical system, can be employed for any number of finite factors, and contains a unique peak, with which a unique optimal solution for an experiment is guaranteed. The proposed algorithm is implemented on an application developed with JavaScript, HTML, and CSS, which has been tested in the classroom for highlighting all characteristics of experimental design.
Npom‐Protected NONOate Enables Light‐Triggered NO/cGMP Signalling in Primary Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Stroppel Anna S. , Paolillo Michael , Ziegler Thomas , Feil Robert , Stafforst Thorsten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDiazeniumdiolates (NONOates) are a class of nitric‐oxide‐releasing substances widely used in studies of NO/cGMP signalling. Because spatiotemporal control is highly desirable for such purposes, we have synthesised a new Npom‐caged pyrrolidine NONOate. A kinetic analysis together with a Griess assay showed the photodependent release of NO with high quantum yield (UV light). In primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), our compound was reliably able to induce fast increases in cGMP, as measured with a genetically encoded FRET‐based cGMP sensor and further validated by the phosphorylation of the downstream target vasodilator‐stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Thanks to their facile synthesis, good decaging kinetics and capability to activate cGMP signalling in a fast and efficient manner, Npom‐protected NONOates allow for improved spatiotemporal control of NO/cGMP signalling.
Design of a Short Thermally Stable α‐Helix Embedded in a Macrocycle
Authors: Wu Haifan , Acharyya Arusha , Wu Yibing , Liu Lijun , Jo Hyunil , Gai Feng , DeGrado William F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough helices play key roles in peptide–protein and protein–protein interactions, the helical conformation is generally unstable for short peptides (10–15 residues) in aqueous solution in the absence of their binding partners. Thus, stabilizing the helical conformation of peptides can lead to increases in binding potency, specificity, and stability towards proteolytic degradation. Helices have been successfully stabilized by introducing side chain‐to‐side chain crosslinks within the central portion of the helix. However, this approach leaves the ends of the helix free, thus leading to fraying and exposure of the non‐hydrogen‐bonded amide groups to solvent. Here, we develop a “capped‐strapped” peptide strategy to stabilize helices by embedding the entire length of the helix within a macrocycle, which also includes a semirigid organic template as well as end‐capping interactions. We have designed a ten‐residue capped‐strapped helical peptide that behaves like a miniprotein, with a cooperative thermal unfolding transition and Tm≈70 °C, unprecedented for helical peptides of this length. The NMR structure determination confirmed the design, and X‐ray crystallography revealed a novel quaternary structure with implications for foldamer design.
1,3‐Dioxolane: A Strategy to Improve Electrode Interfaces in Lithium Ion and Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: La Monaca Andrea , De Giorgio Francesca , Soavi Francesca , Tarquini Gabriele , Di Carli Mariasole , Paolo Prosini Pier , Arbizzani Catia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBatteries with increased specific energy will play a crucial role in future electrical energy. Indeed, high specific energy means increased driving ranges in electric vehicles and can also improve the efficient use of the renewable energy. Lithium batteries, including lithium ion batteries (LIBs), with a high specific energy can be achieved with the use of high‐potential and/or high specific capacity cathodes. We exploit the ability of 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) to polymerize at voltages higher than 4 V to produce a protective polymer layer in situ on two different cathodes. Specifically, DOL was polymerized on high‐voltage LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) and on high‐capacity sulfur electrodes in order to reduce the electrode/electrolyte interface reactivity of these cathode materials and to improve cycling performance.
Investigating the Role of Oxygen Vacancies and Lattice Strain Defects on the Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Property of Alkali Metal (Li, Na, and K) Doped ZnO Nanorod Photoanodes
Authors: Karmakar Keshab , Sarkar Ayan , Mandal Kalyan , Khan Gobinda Gopal 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis work demonstrates the significance of defect engineering in tuning the visible‐light‐driven photoelectrochemical property of alkali metal (Li, Na, and K) doped ZnO nanorods. The large concentration of oxygen vacancies introduced into the sub‐bandgap, because of alkali metal doping, serve as the light‐absorbing donor sites and also photoelectron recombination centers, resulting in the enhanced photocurrent and hole separation in the valance band. The lattice strain developed in the nanorods, owing to doping, contributes to the easy electron transportation and mobility. Defect engineering also tunes the electronic structure of photoanodes, resulting in bandgap modification and band edge engineering, boosting charge‐carrier migration and reduced electron−hole pair recombination for enhanced oxygen evolution.
Synthesis of Functionalized Difluorocyclopropanes: Unique Building Blocks for Drug Discovery
Authors: Bychek Roman M. , Levterov Vadym V. , Sadkova Iryna V. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDifluorocyclopropane‐containing building blocks for drug discovery were synthesized from the functionalized alkenes and TMSCF3/NaI. Novel fluorinated acids, amines, amino acids, alcohols, ketones and sulfonyl chlorides were obtained.
Dynamic Protein–Metal Ion Networks: A Unique Approach to Injectable and Self‐Healable Metal Sulfide/Protein Hybrid Hydrogels with High Photothermal Efficiency
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Liang Kaixin , Jiang Xingxing , Yang Minghui , Liu You‐Nian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new strategy is proposed to fabricate adaptable protein‐based hydrogel networks with both injectable and self‐healable properties. By mixing proteins and metal ions under alkaline conditions, the metal ions can crosslink proteins into protein–metal ion dynamic networks. Subsequently, the metal ions can react with the cysteine residues of protein to in situ form corresponding metal sulfide NPs with ultra‐small size, which leads to nanocomposite hydrogels with adaptable structures. This approach is general and a series of metal sulfide NP in situ embedded nanocomposite hydrogels were obtained. As an example, a Bi2S3–BSA hydrogel with tunable networks is shown to serve as an injectable, self‐healable photothermal agent for the treatment of tumors. Our finding paves a new avenue for the preparation of injectable and self‐healable hydrogels with potential applications in biomedicine.
Light Regulation of DNA Minicircle Dimerization by Utilizing Azobenzene C‐Nucleosides
Authors: Grebenovsky Nikolai , Goldau Thomas , Bolte Michael , Heckel Alexander 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough DNA has the ability to form almost every desired shape, the usability of DNA nanostructures can be limited due to the lack of functionality. To functionalize nanoscale structures, light‐responsive moieties like photoswitchable azobenzenes can be introduced into DNA. Upon UV irradiation, the isomerization of the azobenzene moiety causes destabilization of the neighboring base pairs leading to decreased binding ability. The linker strategy of the azobenzene to the DNA alters the performance of the switching behavior significantly. We hereby report the utilization of four different azobenzene C‐nucleosides and compare their features in a nanoarchitecture model with the help of gel‐electrophoresis and atomic force microscope‐imaging.
On the chiroptical properties of racemic crystals
Authors: Kahr Bart , Martin Alexander T. , Ernst Karl‐Heinz 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn a recent letter on the “Optical activity from racemates”, discussed at the 16th International Conference on Chiroptical Spectroscopy in Rennes (June 2017), scientists claimed to have measured the circular dichroism of colored, racemic crystals of two transition metal complexes, observations that “serve to correct a clear deficit in our understanding of the optical properties of racemates.” In fact, there is no deficit in our understanding of the optical properties of racemates. Moreover, the measurements presented are unconvincing as evidence of circular dichroism measured in anisotropic crystals and therefore do not inform our understanding of the specific crystals investigated, or racemates generally speaking.
Chiroptical and vibrational spectroscopic study of genuine and counterfeit medicines containing tadalafil
Authors: Králík František , Jirmásek Patrik , Kuchař Martin , Setnička Vladimír 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe production and distribution of counterfeit pharmaceuticals present a serious problem worldwide. This is true especially in case of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction, where consumers often prefer buying them anonymously from unverified sources. In this study, genuine and counterfeit Cialis® 20 mg tablets were analyzed by electronic circular dichroism, vibrational circular dichroism, and infrared spectroscopy. The characteristic spectral patterns were identified by comparison with the spectra of tadalafil standard as an active pharmaceutical ingredient, and its presence was confirmed in all samples. The amount of tadalafil, however, was markedly lower in the case of counterfeit tablet as the observed band intensities were considerably lower. No other significant differences between the genuine and counterfeit tablets were revealed. Ab initio density functional theory calculations provided a detailed description of the stable conformers of tadalafil in a solution and enabled thorough interpretation of the experimental spectra.
Preparation of Tetradentate Copper Chelators as Potential Anti‐Alzheimer Agents
Authors: Zhang Weixin , Huang Daya , Huang Meijie , Huang Ju , Wang Dean , Liu Xingguo , Nguyen Michel , Vendier Laure , Mazères Serge , Robert Anne , Liu Yan , Meunier Bernard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe uncontrolled redox activity of metal ions, especially copper, in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) should be considered the origin of intense oxidative damage to neurons in the AD brain. To obtain low‐molecular‐weight copper chelators that act as tetradentate ligands, we designed new compounds based on an 8‐aminoquinoline motif with a lateral chain attached at the 2‐position of the aromatic ring. Some of these new ligands, termed TDMQ for TetraDentate MonoQuinolines, are specific for copper chelation. Full characterization of these ligands is reported, as well as their affinities for CuII, and their capacities to inhibit oxidative stress induced by copper–amyloids activated by a reductant. Such metal ligands can be considered as potential anti‐AD agents, as they should be able to regulate the homeostasis of copper in brain tissue.
Cancer in the older adult: Implications for therapy and future research
Authors: Sedrak Mina S. , Hurria Arti 
Published: February 2018

Based on aging of the cancer population and growth in the number of cancer survivors, this is an opportune time to invest in and accelerate research of interventions to mitigate the risk of accelerated aging. The discoveries emerging from such research will be far reaching, because they ultimately will improve the well‐being and quality of life of the growing population of older cancer survivors.See also pages 1279‐1287.
Practical privacy‐preserving deep packet inspection outsourcing
Authors: Li Jie , Su Jinshu , Chen Rongmao , Wang Xiaofeng , Chen Shuhui 
Published: February 2018

SummaryHardware‐based middleboxes are ubiquitous in computer networks, which usually incur high deployment and management expenses. A recently arising trend aims to address those problems by outsourcing the functions of traditional hardware‐based middleboxes to high volume servers in a cloud. This technology is promising but still faces a few challenges from different aspects, including privacy concerns, middlebox functionality, and performance. In this paper, we propose two practical approaches to implementing a cloud‐based DPI middlebox. The outsourced DPI middlebox performs payload inspection over encrypted traffic while preserving the privacy of both communication data and inspection rules. Our first approach employs a modified reversible sketch structure, which is used for efficient error‐free membership testing, and our second approach extends the famous AC pattern matching algorithm to the cipher text domain. We utilize unkeyed one‐way hash functions instead of complex cryptographic protocols to achieve the privacy preservation requirements. Our system supports a wide range of real‐world inspection rules. We conduct evaluations on the ClamAV rule set, and the experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposals.
Micropolarity and Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Ability of Environmentally Friendly Anionic Reverse Micelles Explored by UV/Vis Absorption of a Molecular Probe and FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Girardi Valeria R. , Silber Juana J. , Falcone Ruben Darío , Correa N. Mariano 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the present work we show how two biocompatible solvents, methyl laurate (ML) and isopropyl myristate (IPM), can be used as a less toxic alternative to replace the nonpolar component in a sodium 1,4‐bis‐2‐ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT) reverse micelles (RMs) formulation. In this sense, the micropolarity and the hydrogen‐bond ability of the interface were monitored through the use of the solvatochromism of a molecular probe (1‐methyl‐8‐oxyquinolinium betaine, QB) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Our results demonstrate that the micropolarity sensed by QB in ML RMs is lower than in IPM RMs. Additionally, the water molecules form stronger H‐bond interactions with the polar head of AOT in ML than in IPM. By FTIR was revealed that more water molecules interact with the interface in ML/AOT RMs. On the other hand, for AOT RMs generated in IPM, the weaker water–surfactant interaction allows the water molecules to establish hydrogen bonds with each other trending to bulk water more easily than in ML RMs, a consequence of the dissimilar penetration of nonpolar solvents into the interfacial region. The penetration process is strongly controlled by the polarity and viscosity of the external solvents. All of these results allow us to characterize these biocompatible systems, providing information about interfacial properties and how they can be altered by changing the external solvent. The ability of the nontoxic solvent to penetrate or not into the AOT interface produces a new interface with attractive properties.
Aryl Sulfonates as Initiators for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography: Applications in Epoxy‐Based Hybrid Materials
Authors: Torti Edoardo , Protti Stefano , Bollanti Sarah , Flora Francesco , Torre Amalia , Brusatin Giovanna , Gerardino Annamaria , Businaro Luca , Fagnoni Maurizio , Della Giustina Gioia , Mezi Luca 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo perfluoroaryl sulfonates were tested as initiators for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV)‐promoted polymerization of silica‐based hybrid organic‐inorganic films containing epoxy moieties. One of the sulfonates was able to strongly improve the polymerization efficiency in the tested materials and behaved much better than the commercial photoacid generator diphenylsulfonium (4‐phenylthiophenyl)diphenylsulfonium triflate. Furthermore, lithographic patterns with sub‐micrometric resolutions were achieved by irradiating resists containing the selected sulfonate (1 % molar concentration) at very low EUV doses (about 10 mJ cm−2). The proposed combination of specifically designed perfluoroaryl sulfonates and hybrid organic‐inorganic materials is a starting point to develop high‐performance and cost‐effective EUV‐sensitive resists for the microelectronic industry.
Facile Photoinduced Generation of Hydroxyl Radical on a Nitrocellulose Membrane Surface and its Application in the Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Tai Chao , Zhang Shaodong , Yin Yongguang , Dai Zhifeng , Li Yanbin , Jiang Guibin , Cai Yong , Huang Chunhua , Shi Jianbo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA simple, clean, and efficient method has been developed for generating hydroxyl radicals on a nitrocellulose membrane (NCM) under light of wavelengths greater than 280 nm. Hydroxyl radicals formed on the NCM surface, diffusing into the bulk solution under irradiation. Radical generation was shown to be dependent on the nature of the NCM and light, and independent of the properties of the bulk solution. The quantum yield for hydroxyl radicals from the NCM was 1.72×10−4, which is approximately 2.46 times that from TiO2. This hydroxyl radical generation method was preliminarily applied in the photodegradation of organic pollutants, in which electrostatic interactions between the pollutant molecules and the NCM surface were found to play a key role. Further applications of this hydroxyl radical generation method should be assessed.
A novel reliable and secure communication scheme for cognitive radio networks using concatenated kernel codes
Authors: Pavan Kumar C. , Selvakumar R. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryCognitive radio networks have emerged as a possible solution for the spectrum scarcity problem. Cognitive radio networks involve heterogeneous entities as part of it for facilitating spectrum sharing. Ensuring reliability and security in such scenario is inevitable for the licensed users (primary users) as well as for the unlicensed users (secondary users). To address the challenges of reliable and secure communication for the secondary users, in this paper, a novel reliable and secure communication framework is proposed. A class of group codes called concatenated kernel codes is used to achieve reliability and techniques of fundamental cutset and fundamental circuit to achieve security in terms of authentication of sender. It is shown that the proposed communication framework provides reliability mitigating the continuous interference of primary users and security by defending against the cryptanalytic attacks such as replay attack, related key attack, and man‐in‐the‐middle attacks. The theoretical basis of the proposed framework is validated, and its performance is evaluated through simulations.