bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Studies on Variability, Heritability and Genetic Gain of Yield and Yield Related Traits in Foxtail Millets (Setaria italic L.)
Authors: Govanakoppa Nagappa , Anilkumar  , S. H, Anitha, , B. R. Jagadeesh, , K. N. Jakir Hussain, 
Published: November 2024

The present work comprised of 40 foxtail millet advanced breeding lines obtained from small millet scheme, MARS, Dharwad. These lines with checks viz., DHFT-109-3 and HMT-100-1 were evaluated in replicated yield trial at millet scheme, MARS, Dharwad, during rabi 2020-21 for assessing genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain among 17 traits. Wide range of variation provides an ample scope for selection of superior and desired advanced breeding lines by the plant breeders for further improvement of these characters. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits under study. In the present study foxtail millet advanced breeding lines exhibited moderate PCV and GCV for the most important economic traits viz., panicle length (18.01 and 15.85 % 15.85% and18.01%), panicle girth (15.25% and 15.45%), productive tiller per plant (18.44% and 19.40%) and straw yield per hectare (19.92% and 21.39%). The high phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for characters viz., specific leaf area (21.08% and 22.44%), specific leaf weight (20.52% and 26.72%), grain yield per plant (9.32% and 10.99 %), grain yield per plot (8.85 % and 10.49%) and straw yield per ha (19.92 and 21.39). Most of the traits viz., plant height(79 %), flag leaf length(98%), flag leaf width ( 80%), number of productive tillers per plant (90%), panicle length(98%), panicle girth (97 %), SPAD at 50 per cent flowering (92%), test weight (63%), specific leaf area (88%), specific leaf weight (87%), grain yield per plant(71%) and straw yield per hectare (87%) showed the high estimates of broad sense heritability (h2 b) indicating the reliability of the estimates for variation between advanced breeding lines and effectiveness of selection.
Trapped Chromatin Fibers Damage Flowing Red Blood Cells
Authors: Roushan Maedeh , Jorfi Mehdi , Mishra Avanish , Wong Keith H. K. , Jorgensen Julianne , Ell Eric , Markmann James F. , Lee Jarone , Irimia Daniel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation and serve antimicrobial functions. One of their antimicrobial mechanisms involves the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), long chromatin fibers decorated with antimicrobial granular proteins that contribute to the elimination of pathogens. However, the release of NETs has also been associated with disease processes. While recent research has focused on biochemical reactions catalyzed by NETs, significantly less is known about the mechanical effect of NETs in circulation. Here, microfluidic devices and biophysical models are employed to study the consequences of the interactions between NETs trapped in channels and red blood cells (RBCs) flowing in blood over the NETs. It has been found that the RBCs can be deformed and ruptured after interactions with NETs, generating RBC fragments. Significant increases in the number of RBC fragments have also been found in the circulation of patients with conditions in which NETs have been demonstrated to be present in circulation, including sepsis and kidney transplant. Further studies will probe the potential utility of RBC fragments in the diagnostic, monitoring, and treatment of diseases associated with the presence of NETs in circulation.
All‐Optical‐Input Transistors: Light‐Controlled Enhancement of Plasmon‐Induced Photocurrent
Authors: Gao Xu Dong , Fei Guang Tao , Zhang Yao , Zhang Li De , Hu Ze Min 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough phototransistors for controlling photocurrent with electricity have been studied intensively for several decades, transistors with all‐optical inputs that can control the photocurrent with light have not been investigated thus far. In this paper, a plasmonic porous Ag/TiO2 transistor is fabricated with all‐optical inputs. One light input acts as the source to generate a plasmonic‐hot‐electron photocurrent, while the other gate light changes the current channel by adjusting the height of an Ag/TiO2 Schottky barrier. As a result, the plasmon‐induced photocurrent generated by the source light can be enhanced by several to one hundred times by controlling the gate light. In addition to signal enhancement, the device can also be used for signal modulation and switching.
Plasmon‐Enhanced Photodetection in Ferromagnet/Nonmagnet Spin Thermoelectric Structures
Authors: Jeon Chul‐Yeon , Baek Kwang Min , Kim Shinho , Kim Dong‐Jun , Jang Min Seok , Jung Yeon Sik , Park Byong‐Guk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe photothermoelectric (PTE) effect that originates from the temperature difference within thermoelectric materials induced by light absorption can be used as the mechanism for a light sensor in optoelectronic applications. In this work, a PTE‐based photodetector is reported using a spin thermoelectric structure consisting of CoFeB/Pt metallic bilayers and its signal enhancement achieved by incorporating a plasmonic structure consisting of Au nanorod arrays. The thermoelectric voltage of the bilayers markedly increases by 60 ± 10% when the plasmon resonance condition of the Au nanorods is matched to the wavelength of the incident laser. Full‐wave electromagnetic simulations reveal that the signal enhancement is due to the increase in light absorption and consequential local heating. Moreover, the alignment of the Au nanorods makes the thermoelectric voltages sensitive to the polarization state of the laser, thereby enabling the detection of light polarization. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid device utilizing plasmonic and spin‐thermoelectric effects as an efficient PTE‐based photodetector.
Melt Electrowriting Allows Tailored Microstructural and Mechanical Design of Scaffolds to Advance Functional Human Myocardial Tissue Formation
Authors: Castilho Miguel , van Mil Alain , Maher Malachy , Metz Corina H. G. , Hochleitner Gernot , Groll Jürgen , Doevendans Pieter A. , Ito Keita , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Malda Jos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEngineering native‐like myocardial muscle, recapitulating its fibrillar organization and mechanical behavior is still a challenge. This study reports the rational design and fabrication of ultrastretchable microfiber scaffolds with controlled hexagonal microstructures via melt electrowriting (MEW). The resulting structures exhibit large biaxial deformations, up to 40% strain, and an unprecedented compliance, delivering up to 40 times more elastic energy than rudimentary MEW fiber scaffolds. Importantly, when human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC‐CM) are encapsulated in a collagen‐based hydrogel and seeded on these microstructured and mechanically tailored fiber scaffolds, they show an increase in beating rate (1.5‐fold), enhanced cell alignment, sarcomere content and organization as well as an increase in cardiac maturation‐related marker expression (Cx43 1.8‐fold, cardiac Actin 1.5‐fold, SERCA2a 2.5‐fold, KCNJ2 1.5‐fold, and PPARGC1a 3.6‐fold), indicative of enhanced iPSC‐CM maturation, as compared to rudimentary fiber scaffolds. By combining these novel fiber scaffolds with clinically relevant human iPSC‐CMs, a heart patch that allows further maturation of contractile myocytes for cardiac tissue engineering is generated. Moreover, the designed scaffold allows successful shape recovery after epicardial delivery on a beating porcine heart, without negative effects on the engineered construct and iPSC‐CM viability.
2D Nanospace Confined Synthesis of Pseudocapacitance‐Dominated MoS2‐in‐Ti3C2 Superstructure for Ultrafast and Stable Li/Na‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Kun , Jiang Hao , Hu Yanjie , Li Chunzhong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExploring a universal strategy to implement the precise control of 2D nanomaterials in size and layer number is a big challenge for achieving ultrafast and stable Li/Na‐ion batteries. Herein, the confined synthesis of 1–3 layered MoS2 nanocrystals into 2D Ti3C2 interlayer nanospace with the help of electrostatic attraction and subsequent cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) directed growth is reported. The MoS2 nanocrystals are tightly anchored into the interlayer by 2D confinement effect and strong MoC covalent bond. Impressively, the disappearance of Li+ intercalated into MoS2 reduction peak is successfully observed for the first time in the experiment, showing in a typical surface‐controlled charge storage behavior. The pseudocapacitance‐dominated contribution guarantees a much faster and more stable Li/Na storage performance. As predicted, this electrode exhibits a very high Li+ storage capacity of 340 mAh g−1 even at 20 A g−1 and a long cycle life (>1000 times). It also shows an excellent Na+ storage capacity of 310 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 with a 1600 times high‐rate cycling. Such impressive confined synthesis strategy can be extended to the precise control of other 2D nanomaterials.
Enhancing Osteosarcoma Killing and CT Imaging Using Ultrahigh Drug Loading and NIR‐Responsive Bismuth Sulfide@Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Lu Yao , Li Lihua , Lin Zefeng , Li Mei , Hu Xiaoming , Zhang Yu , Peng Mingying , Xia Hong , Han Gang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDespite its 5‐year event‐free survival rate increasing to 60–65% due to surgery and chemotherapy, osteosarcoma (OS) remains one of the most threatening malignant human tumors, especially in young patients. Therefore, a new approach that combines early diagnosis with efficient tumor eradication and bioimaging is urgently needed. Here, a new type of mesoporous silica–coated bismuth sulfide nanoparticles (Bi2S3@MSN NPs) is developed. The well distributed mesoporous pores and large surface areas hold great promise for drug protection and encapsulation (doxorubicin (DOX), 99.85%). Moreover, the high photothermal efficiency of Bi2S3@MSNs (36.62%) offers great possibility for cancer synergistic treatment and highly near‐infrared‐triggered drug release (even at an ultralow power density of 0.3 W cm−2). After covalently conjugated to arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptide [c(RGDyC)], the NPs exhibit a high specificity for osteosarcoma and finally accumulate in the tumor cells (tenfold more than peritumoral tissues) for computed tomography (CT) imaging and tumor ablation. Importantly, the synergistic photothermal therapy–chemotherapy of the RGD–Bi2S3@MSN/DOX significantly ablates the highly malignant OS. It is further proved that the superior combined killing effect is achieved by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Hence, the smart RGD–Bi2S3@MSN/DOX theranostic platform is a promising candidate for future applications in CT monitoring and synergistic treatment of malignant tumors.
An On‐Chip SiC MEMS Device with Integrated Heating, Sensing, and Microfluidic Cooling Systems
Authors: Dinh Toan , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Kashaninejad Navid , Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Dao Dzung Viet , Nguyen Nam‐Trung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThere has been increasing interest in electronic systems with integrated microfluidic active cooling modules. However, the failure of 3C‐SiC/Si interface with increasing temperature has prevented the development of 3C‐SiC power electronic devices. Here, all integrated transparent heating, sensing, and cooling systems are developed on a single silicon carbide (SiC) chip for efficient thermal management. SiC nanofilms are grown on a silicon wafer, are transferred to a glass substrate, and then a micro electromechanical system process is employed to fabricate a SiC‐on‐glass system with integrated heaters and temperature sensors. A cooling system is fabricated with microchannel using 3D printing, molding, and plasma assisted bonding. The thermal management of the SiC‐based system shows an excellent capability of heating and detecting temperature as well as effective cooling with an efficiency of from 0.24 to 0.28 and a maximum cooling rate of 0.1 K(µL min−1)−1. The fabrication strategy can be utilized for large production of SiC power nanoelectronics with high efficiency of integrated thermal management systems.
Achieving Self‐Stiffening and Laser Healing by Interconnecting Graphene Oxide Sheets with Amine‐Functionalized Ovalbumin
Authors: Owuor Peter Samora , Tsafack Thierry , Schara Steven , Hwang HyeYoon , Jung Seohui , Salvatierra Rodrigo V. , Li Tong , Susarla Sandhya , Ren Muqing , Wei Bingqing , Vajtai Robert , Tour James M. , Lou Jun , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMimicking the remarkable properties of natural materials such as toughness, self‐stiffening, self‐healing, etc., is useful for several structural, functional, and biomedical applications. The judicious combination of natural and synthetic building blocks to design hybrid materials could offer an alternative route to achieving the aforementioned properties of natural materials. This study reports easily scalable process to synthesize graphene oxide (GO)/egg white hybrid material (polyalbumene) by cross‐linking GO nanosheet with the amine‐based cross‐linker diethylenetriamine (DETA) and egg white. The result is a layered material like nacre, exhibiting high strength and toughness. Abundant functional groups on the GO allow covalent interactions between DETA and egg white protein amino acids. The atomistic simulations reveal that the insertion of GO into the composite has a sizeable impact on the composite's stiffness. As shown by experiments, the hybrid material has an elastic modulus of ≈41 MPa and a ductility of more than 25%. The hybrid material also exhibits a fracture repair property under laser exposure as well as CO2 absorption and stiffening over time, suggesting an adaptable behavior. This work explores the possibility that the combination of synthetic and natural approaches offers a better route to designing advanced, tough, strong, adaptable, and fracture recovering materials.
“Carbon‐Glue” Enabled Highly Stable and High‐Rate Fe3O4 Nanorod Anode for Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Nickel–Copper//Iron Alkaline Battery
Authors: Jiang Yuqi , Zhao Dengfeng , Ba Deliang , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Jinping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe practical application of iron oxide anode in rechargeable alkaline batteries is greatly hampered by the poor electrochemical stability and low rate capability. In addition, flexible solid‐state iron anode‐based rechargeable batteries with distinctive counter electrode coupling are quite lacking. Herein, an interesting “carbon glue” penetration strategy toward Fe3O4 nanorod film anode is proposed. This design not only immobilizes the nanorods and maintains strong adhesion with the current collector but also ensures continuous electrically conductive pathway, resulting in dramatically increased stability (≈99% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and excellent rate performance (1.2 min charging with ≈70.6% initial capacity kept). By pairing with a new‐type Ni0.49Cu0.51O nanowire array cathode, a unique 1.2 V flexible rechargeable nickel–copper//iron alkaline battery is further assembled, which stores energy based on redox electrochemistry of transition metal ions. It delivers high volumetric energy and power densities (7.21 mWh cm−3; 299.30 mW cm−3), and demonstrates outstanding stability up to 5000 cycles. In particular, with the utilization of quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte, the device still maintains good performance upon substantially bending and twisting. This work presents a new concept to design high stability iron anode‐based alkaline batteries and further pushes forward the development of emerging flexible energy storage systems.
Simulation of Many‐Electron Systems That Exchange Matter with the Environment
Authors: Delle Site Luigi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe computational treatment of many‐electron systems capable of exchanging electrons and nuclei with the environment represents one of the outermost frontiers in simulation methodology. The exchanging process occurs in a large variety of natural and artificially induced phenomena which are of major relevance to several leading fields of academic research and modern technology. In this Progress Report, an overview of problems in current materials science and chemical physics is presented where the corresponding computational approaches require the concept of an electronic system with open boundaries. Quantum and quantum/classical computational techniques treat the exchange of electrons with the environment at different computational efficiency, conceptual rigorousness, and numerical accuracy. The overall emerging picture shows a rich availability of interesting ideas, some with a higher weight on the pragmatic side, others with higher weight on the conceptual side; possible combinations, in perspective, may push the field much beyond its current frontiers.
Relativistic Theory and Ab Initio Simulations of Electroweak Decay Spectra in Medium‐Heavy Nuclei and of Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure
Authors: Morresi Tommaso , Taioli Simone , Simonucci Stefano 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this work a novel theoretical and computational method for computing electroweak beta decay spectra of medium and heavy‐mass nuclei, as well as the electronic structure of atomic and molecular systems is developed. In particular, starting from the phenomenological electroweak interaction of the Standard Model (SM) of particles, a general expression of the beta decay rate was derived. Relativistic effects are taken into account by solving the many‐electron Dirac equation from first‐principles. Furthermore, an extension of this approach to include the nucleon‐nucleon interaction at the same level of theory of the electronic correlations has been devised. It is shown that post‐collisional effects, and to a lesser extent the electronic exchange and correlation, can modify significantly the cross‐section only at low energies (<10 keV), while nuclear correlations considerably affect the lineshape of both the absorption and emission spectra particularly in odd‐odd nuclear transitions, where the independent particle approximation, on which the nuclear shell model is framed, is more likely to fail. These findings demonstrate the importance of moving beyond the independent particle picture to obtain an accurate description of the experimental data by adding the many‐body correlations between the spectator and participator hadrons and leptons involved in the decay. The application of our approach to a number of test cases, such as the modeling of beta decay of 36Cl, 63Ni, 129I, 210Bi, 241Pu and of the electron capture of 138La3 + , leads to an extremely good agreement with the relevant experimental data. Finally, the extension of this method to atomic and molecular systems by calculating the electronic structures of 138La3 + and several isomers (MgCN, MgNC) and molecules (HMgCN, MgCNO, and BrCF3) relevant to astrophysical scenarios is presented. This method, which is capable to deal with both nucleonic and electronic degrees of freedom, has far‐reaching implications also in neutrino physics and nuclear astrophysics.
Coherent Spin and Quasiparticle Dynamics in Solution‐Processed Layered 2D Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Giovanni David , Chong Wee Kiang , Liu Yu Yang Fredrik , Dewi Herlina Arianita , Yin Tingting , Lekina Yulia , Shen Ze Xiang , Mathews Nripan , Gan Chee Kwan , Sum Tze Chien 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLayered 2D halide perovskites with their alternating organic and inorganic atomic layers that form a self‐assembled quantum well system are analogues of the purely inorganic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Within their periodic structures lie a hotbed of photophysical phenomena such as dielectric confinement effect, optical Stark effect, strong exciton–photon coupling, etc. Detailed understanding into the strong light–matter interactions in these hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductor systems remains modest. Herein, the intricate coherent interplay of exciton, spin, and phonon dynamics in (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbI4 thin films using transient optical spectroscopy is explicated. New insights into the hotly debated origins of transient spectral features, relaxation pathways, ultrafast spin relaxation via exchange interaction, and strong coherent exciton–phonon coupling are revealed from the detailed phenomenological modeling. Importantly, this work unravels the complex interplay of spin–quasiparticle interactions in these layered 2D halide perovskites with large spin–orbit coupling.
Low Loading of RhxP and RuP on N, P Codoped Carbon as Two Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrode Reactions
Authors: Qin Qing , Jang Haeseong , Chen Lulu , Nam Gyutae , Liu Xien , Cho Jaephil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReducing the consumption of noble metals in energy devices, such as fuel cells, zinc–air batteries, and water splitting cells, is a core issue for achieving an environmentally sustainable society. Herein, two highly efficient electrocatalysts are synthesized, composed of N, P codoped carbon (NPC) modified with noble metals phosphides (RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC) through pyrolysis of a mixture of RhCl3 · xH2O or RuCl3 · xH2O, respectively, with phytic acid. Unlike the reported rhodium and ruthenium phosphides, RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC have a low loading of Rh (≈0.4 wt%) and Ru (≈0.5 wt%) and yet still exhibit excellent trifunctional activities for oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution reactions. For hydrogen evolution, RhxP/NPC shows a Pt‐like activity and excellent durability in acidic medium. Notably, RuP/NPC becomes more active after 2000 cycles in the durability test. For oxygen reduction, both of the catalysts show a half‐wave potential of 0.89 V, which is positively shifted 40 mV relative to that of Pt/C (0.85 V) in 0.1 m KOH. In addition, RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC also exhibit activities superior to that of IrO2 in oxygen evolution. Finally, zinc–air batteries and water splitting cells assembled with RhxP/NPC and RuP/NPC catalysts display good performance.
Comprehensive New Insights and Perspectives into Ti‐Based Anodes for Next‐Generation Alkaline Metal (Na+, K+) Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Nana , Chu Chenxiao , Xu Xun , Du Yi , Yang Jian , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shixue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSodium ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium ion batteries (KIBs) are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems, with a similar “rocking chair” working principle to lithium ion batteries due to their earth abundance and lower cost. One of the major challenges in NIB research is the search for suitable anode materials with long lifetimes and high specific capacities. The research on KIBs is still in its infancy. Titanium‐based anodes present low lattice strain, high safety, and overall stability during cycling, which make them promising for large‐scale systems, especially for stationary batteries. In this review, the latest progress on titanium‐based anodes for NIBs and KIBs is summarized, including titanium dioxide and its composite, Na
x
TiO2 systems, NaTi2(PO4)3, titanates, and MXenes. The synthesis methods, modification methods, and sodium or potassium ion storage mechanisms of titanium‐based anodes are detailed; also the current challenges and future opportunities are discussed.