bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissipation and the effects of thidiazuron on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content in strawberry
Authors: Yang Guoqiang , Zhao Shan , Gong Jin , Huang Min , Yu Weiwei , Zhang Kankan , Hu Deyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing numbers of fruit swelling agents have been used to improve the fruit rate and production yield of strawberries in recent years. The abuse of fruit swelling agents could lead to an increase in the deformation rate and abnormal coloration of strawberry and a decrease in quality at harvest. Therefore, understanding the harmful effects of fruit swelling agents on strawberry will provide guidance for their reasonable use.RESULTSThe residual determination method for measuring thidiazuron (TDZ) in strawberry was developed and validated by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The recoveries of TDZ in strawberry were 97.9–108.5% with relative standard deviations of 0.9% to 5.3%. The dissipation rates of TDZ were different in strawberries cultivated under field and indoor conditions due to the differences in temperature and humidity. The ascorbic acid content increased when TDZ was applied at 2 mg kg−1. The SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase) and CAT (catalase) activities of strawberry tended to decrease and subsequently increase following the application of TDZ, and the opposite changes occurred on the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of TDZ‐treated strawberry.CONCLUSIONSThe analytical method for measuring TDZ in strawberry that was developed was suitable for dissipation studies on this compound. Antioxidant enzyme activities and the MDA content of strawberry were altered, and some reverse effects, such as membrane damage, were inhibited when TDZ was applied. The data obtained in this study might provide suggestions to reduce the adverse effects of TDZ on strawberry and may help to guide the safe and proper use of TDZ in strawberry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ionic liquid vortex‐simplified matrix solid‐phase dispersion for the simultaneous determination of terpenoids, crocins, quinic acid derivatives and flavonoids in Gardeniae fructus by UHPLC
Authors: Wang Huilin , Li Jin , Gao Xiu‐mei , Chang Yan‐xu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel ionic‐liquid‐based vortex‐simplified matrix solid‐phase dispersion method using 2,6‐dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was established by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector. 2,6‐Dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin was first used as a promising adsorbent in this proposed method for simultaneous determination of eight compounds in Gardeniae fructus. These compounds are terpenoids (geniposidic acid, genipin‐1‐β‐D‐gentiobioside, geniposide, 8‐o‐acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester), crocins (crocin‐I, crocin‐II), quinic acid derivatives (chlorogenic acid), and flavonoids (isoquercitrin), respectively. Several parameters were investigated in the adsorption and desorption processes to obtain the optimal conditions, including 2,6‐dimethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin as sorbent, 0.5 mL 100 mM 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate as the extraction solvent, 2:1 of sample/sorbent ratio, grinding for 2 min and vortexing for 60 s. The recoveries of the eight compounds ranged from 96.6 to 100% (<3.50%). The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.02–0.30 and 0.06–1.25 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, a good linearity was attained with r values (>0.9997). The established method showed higher extraction efficiency and less reagent consumption than traditional matrix solid phase dispersion and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction. Hence, it could be applied for sample preparation and analysis of natural products.
Climate change effects on deer and moose in the Midwest
Authors: Weiskopf Sarah R. , Ledee Olivia E. , Thompson Laura M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTClimate change is an increasing concern for wildlife managers across the United States and Canada. Because climate change may alter populations and harvest dynamics of key species in the region, midwestern states have identified the effects of climate change on ungulates as a priority research area. We conducted a literature review of projected climate change in the Midwest and the potential effects on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces). Warmer temperatures and decreasing snowpack in the region favor survival of white‐tailed deer. In contrast, moose may become physiologically stressed in response to warming, and increasing deer populations spreading disease will exacerbate the problem. Although there is some uncertainty about exactly how the climate will change, and to what degree, robust projections suggest that deer populations will increase in response to climate change and moose populations will decrease. Managers can begin preparing for these changes by proactively creating management plans that take this into account. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society
Analysing determinants of small and medium‐sized enterprise resilience using fuzzy cognitive mapping
Authors: Branco Joana M.P. , Ferreira Fernando A.F. , Meidutė‐Kavaliauskienė Ieva , Banaitis Audrius , Falcão Pedro F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResilience is an increasingly important concept in current socioeconomic landscapes. Due to the competitive global context in which we live, this trend is particularly noticeable in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). Due to their limited resources and capabilities, these firms are exposed to unfavourable scenarios that can threaten their stability, viability, and development (i.e., their resilience). Thus, identifying the determinants of SME resilience and their respective cause‐and‐effect relationships is a vital endeavour because these companies' resilience involves a wide variety of conceptual or theoretical issues that need to be understood more fully. This study proposes the creation of a fuzzy cognitive map as a novel way to analyse the determinants of SME resilience. The fuzzy cognitive map was developed based on the insights obtained during two intensive group meetings with a panel of SME managers and entrepreneurs. The resulting well‐informed, process‐oriented framework contains the determinants that need to be considered in this research context. The static and dynamic analyses carried out produced an improved understanding of the cause‐and‐effect relationships between determinants of SME resilience, which facilitates better strategic planning by these firms' managers. The practical implications, advantages, and limitations of the proposed approach are also discussed.
Genetics of IL6 polymorphisms: Case–control study of the risk of endometrial cancer
Authors: Cai Junhong , Cui Kaiying , Niu Fanglin , Jin Tianbo , Huang Sizhe , Zhang Ying , Bao Shan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Cytokines gene may be important in endometrial cancer development. This study sought to investigate whether the IL4, IL6 two gene genetic variants were associated with susceptibility to endometrial cancer (EC) in Hainan Chinese Han women by a hospital‐based study.MethodsThe genetic polymorphisms for IL4 and IL6 were analyzed by Agena MassARRAY method. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression.ResultsWe observed a significant increase in risk of endometrial cancer of rs1524107 (IL6) (T/C, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.09–2.37, p = 1.55 × 10−2), rs2066992 (IL 6) (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 2.11–4.53, p = 3.13 × 10−9). However, for IL4 gene, no associations emerged the SNP and EC risk.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that IL6 gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with increased EC susceptibility in Hainan Chinese Han women.
Rett syndrome (MECP2) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1) deficiency in a developmentally delayed female
Authors: Brown Madalyn , Ashcraft Paula , Arning Erland , Bottiglieri Teodoro , McClintock William , Giancola Frank , Lieberman David , Hauser Natalie S. , Miller Rebecca , Roullet Jean‐Baptiste , Pearl Phillip , Gibson K. Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe present a patient with Rett syndrome (RTT; MECP2) and autosomal‐recessive succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD; ALDH5A1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 5a1 = SSADH), in whom the current phenotype exhibits features of SSADHD (hypotonia, global developmental delay) and RTT (hand stereotypies, gait anomalies).Methodsγ‐Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) was quantified by UPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry, while mutation analysis followed standard methodology of whole‐exome sequencing.ResultsThe biochemical hallmark of SSADHD, GHB was increased in the proband's dried bloodspot (DBS; 673 µM; previous SSADHD DBSs (n = 7), range 124–4851 µM); control range (n = 2,831), 0–78 µM. The proband was compound heterozygous for pathogenic ALDH5A1 mutations (p.(Asn418IlefsTer39); maternal; p.(Gly409Asp); paternal) and a de novo RTT nonsense mutation in MECP2 (p.Arg255*).ConclusionThe major inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), is increased in SSADHD but normal in RTT, although there are likely regional changes in GABA receptor distribution. GABAergic anomalies occur in both disorders, each featuring an autism spectrum phenotype. What effect the SSADHD biochemical anomalies (elevated GABA, GHB) might play in the neurodevelopmental/epileptic phenotype of our patient is currently unknown.
Deep convolutional neural network for segmentation of thoracic organs‐at‐risk using cropped 3D images
Authors: Feng Xue , Qing Kun , Tustison Nicholas J. , Meyer Craig H. , Chen Quan 
Published: March 2019

PurposeAutomatic segmentation of organs‐at‐risk (OARs) is a key step in radiation treatment planning to reduce human efforts and bias. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) have shown great success in many medical image segmentation applications but there are still challenges in dealing with large 3D images for optimal results. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel DCNN method for thoracic OARs segmentation using cropped 3D images.MethodsTo segment the five organs (left and right lungs, heart, esophagus and spinal cord) from the thoracic CT scans, preprocessing to unify the voxel spacing and intensity was first performed, a 3D U‐Net was then trained on resampled thoracic images to localize each organ, then the original images were cropped to only contain one organ and served as the input to each individual organ segmentation network. The segmentation maps were then merged to get the final results. The network structures were optimized for each step, as well as the training and testing strategies. A novel testing augmentation with multiple iterations of image cropping was used. The networks were trained on 36 thoracic CT scans with expert annotations provided by the organizers of the 2017 AAPM Thoracic Auto‐segmentation Challenge and tested on the challenge testing dataset as well as a private dataset.ResultsThe proposed method earned second place in the live phase of the challenge and first place in the subsequent ongoing phase using a newly developed testing augmentation approach. It showed superior‐than‐human performance on average in terms of Dice scores (spinal cord: 0.893 ± 0.044, right lung: 0.972 ± 0.021, left lung: 0.979 ± 0.008, heart: 0.925 ± 0.015, esophagus: 0.726 ± 0.094), mean surface distance (spinal cord: 0.662 ± 0.248 mm, right lung: 0.933 ± 0.574 mm, left lung: 0.586 ± 0.285 mm, heart: 2.297 ± 0.492 mm, esophagus: 2.341 ± 2.380 mm) and 95% Hausdorff distance (spinal cord: 1.893 ± 0.627 mm, right lung: 3.958 ± 2.845 mm, left lung: 2.103 ± 0.938 mm, heart: 6.570 ± 1.501 mm, esophagus: 8.714 ± 10.588 mm). It also achieved good performance in the private dataset and reduced the editing time to 7.5 min per patient following automatic segmentation.ConclusionsThe proposed DCNN method demonstrated good performance in automatic OAR segmentation from thoracic CT scans. It has the potential for eventual clinical adoption of deep learning in radiation treatment planning due to improved accuracy and reduced cost for OAR segmentation.
Multidisciplinary surgical strategy for dumbbell neuroblastoma: A single‐center experience of 32 cases
Authors: Pio Luca , Blanc Thomas , de Saint Denis Timothé , Irtan Sabine , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Michon Jean , Brisse Hervé , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Joyeux Luc , Odent Thierry , Harte Caroline , Glorion Christophe , Zerah Michel , Sarnacki Sabine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionPrognosis of dumbbell neuroblastoma (NBL) is mainly determined by the sequelae induced by the tumor itself and the neurosurgical approach. However, after primary chemotherapy, surgical management of the residual tumor, especially the spinal canal component, remains controversial.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective cohort study over the last 15 years (2002–2017) including patients treated for NBL with spinal canal extension focusing on timing and type of surgery, complications, and functional and oncological follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐two children (14 M, 18 F) were managed for NBL, with the majority (26) presenting with NBL stroma poor while four had ganglioneuroblastoma intermixed, one nodular, and one ganglioneuroma. All but two patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Upfront laminotomy for spinal cord decompression was performed in two patients; nine patients had extraspinal surgery with a follow‐up neurosurgical procedure in seven cases; eight patients had initial neurosurgery followed by an extraspinal procedure, while six patients underwent a combined multidisciplinary approach. With a median follow up of 3.6 years (0.1–14.9), 29 patients (90.6) are alive and two out of three (19, 65.5%) have functional sequelae.ConclusionPatients with NBL with persistent spinal canal extension of the tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treated at our center had outcomes that compare favorably with the literature. This is likely due to the multidisciplinary approach to optimal surgical strategy and continuous evaluation of the respective risks of tumor progression. Neurological disability results from initial spinal cord compression or the radicular sacrifice required for tumor resection.
Wie sich Tropfen bewegen
Authors: Geyer Florian , Seiler Patrick M. , Vollmer Doris , Berger Rüdiger 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungWie bewegen sich Tropfen über Oberflächen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften? Diese Frage ist bis heute wissenschaftlich aktuell. Moderne Messmethoden eröffnen neue Einblicke in die Reibungseigenschaften solcher Flüssig‐fest‐Kontakte. Die Kräfte, die zum Beispiel kleine Wassertropfen über Untergründe bewegen können, liegen im Mikronewton‐Bereich. Entsprechend empfindlich müssen diese Methoden sein. Sie zeigen, dass Wassertropfen auf rauen wasserabweisenden Oberflächen, zum Beispiel Vogelfedern, wesentlich leichter gleiten als auf glatten hydrophoben Flächen. Der Übergang zwischen Haft‐ und Gleitreibung zeigt ein überraschend ähnliches Verhalten wie die Reibung zwischen zwei Festkörpern. Diese grundlegenden Ergebnisse fließen direkt in die angewandte Forschung ein. Dabei geht es um die Frage, wie eine gute Sicht aus Autos bei Regen sichergestellt werden kann. Auch Sensoren zum autonomen Fahren müssen wasserfrei sein. Davon hängt die Zulassung neuer Automodelle ab.
Membrane preparation from hyperbranched perfluorinated polymers
Authors: Quast Matthew J. , Mueller Anja 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this research, membrane formation with hyperbranched perfluorinated polymers (HBFP) was investigated. To create a tough membrane, HBFP was blended and crosslinked with a tougher linear polymer. Blending only or crosslinking only was not sufficient to create a tough membrane, but combining blending with crosslinking was successful. Miscibility, phase separation, and thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated for a variety of systems. By using a toughening linear polymer with lower polarity, reduced phase separation and improved mechanical properties were seen. Overall, imidazole‐containing HBFPs produced the clearest and toughest blends. These new hyperbranched ionomers and copolymers are strong candidates for future use in anhydrous proton exchange membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 961–972
Ring‐opening polymerization of (Macro)lactones by highly active mononuclear salen–aluminum complexes bearing cyclic β‐ketoiminato ligand
Authors: Huang Hai‐Chao , Wang Bin , Chen Xiao‐Lu , Pan Li , Li Yue‐Sheng 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we explored the catalytic ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of (macro)lactones using salen–aluminum complexes bearing cyclic β‐ketoiminato ligand. The effects of bridge moiety and ring size in the benzocyclane skeleton on the catalytic activity of these complexes were thoroughly investigated. Complex 5 with 2,2‐dimethylpropylene bridge and five‐membered cyclane ring can efficiently catalyze the ROP of ω‐pentadecalactone (ω‐PDL), showing higher catalytic activity (turnover frequency [TOF] up to 309.2 h−1) than the typical Al‐salen analogs bearing salicylaldiminato ligand (TOF = 227.2 h−1). Thus, polyethylene‐like polyester with high‐molecular weight (up to 164.5 kg/mol) could be easily prepared under optimal conditions. In addition, complex 5 can also catalyze the ROP of lactide (LA) and ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) with extremely high activity (TOF is high up to 147.6 h−1 and 4752 h−1, respectively). Here, we demonstrated a rare mono‐nuclear salen‐Al complex that can prompt the ROP of (macro)lactones with unprecedentedly high efficiency. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 973–981
Psychological treatment for family members of children with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐Egea Rocío , Rubio‐Aparicio María , Sánchez‐Meca Julio , Rosa‐Alcázar Ana I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis meta‐analytical study examined the effects of psychological treatments applied to family members of children and adolescents with cancer, as well as the characteristics of the studies that can be associated with their effects.MethodsFour databases were searched between January 1980 and January 2017; the references of the located studies were reviewed, and emails were sent to experts in this topic. Forty articles fulfilled the selection criteria. The standardized mean pretest‐posttest (or pretest–follow‐up) change was used as the effect‐size index for the treatment and control groups.ResultsThe 40 articles included 40 treatment groups and 21 control groups. When treatment and control pretest‐posttest mean effects were compared, psychological interventions revealed positive, statistically significant results for anxiety (dadj = 0.339) and problem‐solving skills (dadj = 0.385) and, to a lesser extent, for posttraumatic stress (dadj = 0.224). No statistically significant differences were found for mood (dadj = 0.147), acute stress (dadj = −0.010), coping skills (dadj = 0.123), social support (dadj = 0.245), or quality of life (dadj = 0.538).ConclusionsPositive effects of mild to moderate magnitude were found in the posttests for some outcome measures. Behavioral interventions seem to be the most promising. Interventions achieved the best results when they were long in duration and low in intensity and when they were applied to family members with young children who were undergoing medical treatment. At follow‐up, the intervention benefits were diminished. The application of psychological interventions is recommended to mitigate the negative psychological repercussions in this population.
Grass blindness
Authors: Thomas Howard 
Published: March 2019

Societal Impact StatementLolium temulentum (darnel) is an almost‐forgotten species that combines the characteristics of a weed, a pasture grass, a cereal, a medicinal herb, a hallucinogen, a religious symbol, and a literary trope. The way in which darnel has disappeared from common experience and memory, particularly in the developed world, has lessons to teach about how passive and active influences can conspire to render people blind to the cultural significance of historically important plants.
Summary
Grasses, even those that feed the world, are easily overlooked. Lolium temulentum (darnel) is a grass species with a long history of human association; but, particularly in those countries with highly mechanised agriculture, it has physically and culturally faded from common experience. Archaeobotanical studies of Neolithic and early agricultural sites consistently find L. temulentum grains alongside remains of cereals. L. temulentum seeds are sources of potent psychotoxins, the products of endophytic fungi, and continued to enter the diet until modern farming methods and food hygiene regulations rendered the species effectively extinct in technologically advanced countries. L. temulentum, alone or in combination with other bioactive sources, was widely used in traditional medicines, often in ritualistic or religious contexts. Its status as a poisonous mimic weed of cereals made darnel a resonant literary trope for malignant subversion with which people would have been completely familiar in the pre‐industrial era. The biblical parable about separating the wheat from the tares (tares was, possibly deliberately, an ambiguous alternative name for darnel) exerted profound religious and political force in the same period, and the Graeco‐Roman belief that stress was able to transform wheat or barley into darnel persisted and justified some fundamental customs and laws of Judaeo‐Christian culture. In the modern era, the not uncommon family or given name “Darnel,” or some variant thereof, faintly reflects the rich history of L. temulentum; though it is likely that most possessors of such names will have long been rendered blind to the plant connection.
Aggregation behavior and non‐covalent functionalization of borofullerenes B28, B38, and B40: A density functional theory investigation
Authors: Yang Le , Li Ying , Hao Debo , Li Lanlan , Peng Huifen , Jin Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFullerene‐like boron clusters (borofullerenes) are rising stars in the field of cluster chemistry. In this work, density functional theory calculations revealed that the recently reported small borofullerenes Bn (n = 28, 38, and 40) are all highly reactive and tend to form dimers and even trimers spontaneously. In addition, the non‐covalent modification of these borofullerenes by various cycloparaphenylene nanorings can form stable host‐guest systems with substantial intermolecular charge transfer at both ground and excited states. Our results demonstrate that the borofullerenes are versatile platform for exohedral functionalization, and are very promising candidates for the design of novel nanomaterials with desirable properties.