bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A plastid DNA phylogeny ofDasymaschalon(Annonaceae) and allied genera: Evidence for generic non–monophyly and the parallel evolutionary loss of inner petals
Authors: Wang Jing , Thomas Daniel C. , Su Yvonne C.F. , Meinke Svenja , Chatrou Lars W. , Saunders Richard M.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDasymaschalonand the closely related generaDesmos, FriesodielsiaandMonanthotaxistogether comprise ca. 170 species of trees, shrubs and woody climbers distributed in tropical Africa and tropical Asia. These genera form the desmoid clade, which, because of the presence of diverse flower and fruit syndromes including different types of pollination chambers and moniliform monocarps, offers an opportunity to investigate potentially ecologically significant shifts in flower and fruit characters. Despite its morphological diversity, however, generic delimitation within the desmoid clade is problematic and the intergeneric relationships of the constituent genera are only poorly understood. Bayesian, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses of plastid DNA sequence data (matK, psbA–trnH, ndhF, rbcL, trnL–F; ca. 5.4 kb; 52 taxa) were used to clarify phylogenetic relationships within the desmoid clade. The evolution and taxonomic utility of selected fruit and flower characters was investigated with likelihood and parsimony ancestral character reconstructions. The results indicate problems in the current delimitations ofDasymaschalonandFriesodielsia. Friesodielsiaas currently circumscribed is polyphyletic, with AfricanFriesodielsiaspecies allied to the African genusMonanthotaxis, and only distantly related to Asian representatives. The majority ofDasymaschalonspecies form a strongly supported clade, but three species are more closely related to Asian species ofFriesodielsia. Ancestral character reconstructions indicate that seed number and monocarp shape are of limited value in generic circumscriptions, and that the three–petalled corolla characteristic ofDasymaschalonevolved independently twice within the desmoid clade. Disruptions to homeotic gene expression or strong selective pressure for a partial enclosure of the mature stamens and carpels by the corolla are hypothesised to underlie the parallel evolution of pollination chambers formed by outer petal homologues subsequent to inner petal loss.
Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of theMeiogyne–Fitzalaniaclade (Annonaceae): Generic paraphyly and late Miocene–Pliocene diversification in Australasia and the Pacific
Authors: Thomas Daniel C. , Surveswaran Siddharthan , Xue Bine , Sankowsky Garry , Mols Johan B. , Keßler Paul J.A. , Saunders Richard M.K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMeiogyne(Annonaceae) comprises 15 species of trees and shrubs distributed in India, Indomalaya and Australasia–Pacific. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on limited taxon sampling, have indicated that the small genusFitzalania(2 spp.) is nested withinMeiogyne. The centre of diversity of theMeiogyne–Fitzalaniagroup lies in Australia (6 spp.) and New Caledonia (4 spp.); this is unique in Annonaceae, some of whose Australian and New Caledonian lineages have been hypothesised to have originated in situ from Gondwanan ancestors. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on chloroplast DNA sequence data of 19 accessions, representing 14 of the 17 species in theMeiogyne–Fitzalaniagroup (ca. 8.6 kb) as well as 67 representatives of all major clades of Annonaceae (ca. 5.1 kb), were performed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships ofMeiogyneandFitzalania. The results show that Fitzalania is deeply nested within an Australasian–Pacific clade ofMeiogynespecies. The inclusion of species assigned toChieniodendronandOncodostigmainMeiogyne, as proposed in the most recent revision of Meiogyne, is also corroborated. Fossil–calibrated molecular divergence estimates under an uncorrelated–rates relaxed molecular clock model were used to investigate the timing of the crown group diversification. TheMeiogynecrown group was inferred to have originated in the late Oligocene or Miocene, and initially diversified in continental Southeast Asia, western Malesia and the Philippines. All Australasian–Pacific taxa formed a single derived clade, and most diversification within this clade occurred in the late Miocene and Pliocene. A complex combination of factors such as fragmentation of once wider distribution areas due to climate fluctuations and subsequent vicariance, range expansion by dispersal to Pacific islands and subsequent differentiation, and ecological adaptation to local climatic and edaphic habitat conditions is hypothesised to underlie the diversification ofMeiogynein Australasia and the Pacific.
Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Danaideae (Rubiaceae: Rubioideae): Another example of out–of–Madagascar dispersal
Authors: Krüger Åsa , Razafimandimbison Sylvain G. , Bremer Birgitta 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtensive efforts have been made to resolve the phylogeny of the large coffee family (Rubiaceae) based on molecular data. As a result, several small tribes have been described, but the phylogenies and generic delimitations for many of these groups remain unclear. This study focuses on the small tribe Danaideae that belongs to subfamily Rubioideae and whose generic limits have not previously been addressed with molecular data. It is the sole rubiaceous tribe distributed almost entirely in the Western Indian Ocean region, with the exception of the East AfricanDanais xanthorrhoea. The tribe consists of three genera:Danais, Payera(including the monotypic genusCoursiana), andSchismatoclada. We present the first molecular phylogenetic study of Danaideae including representatives from all three genera and using Bayesian and maximum parsimony methods and sequence data from nuclear DNA (nrITS) and chloroplast DNA(petD, psbA-trnH, rpl32-trnLUAG,rpsl6). Our main objectives were to rigorously test the monophyly of Danaideae as currently circumscribed and assess phylogenetic relationships within the tribe. The findings of this study shed light on the colonization history of the tribe. Our analyses reaffirm the monophyly of Danaideae andDanaisbut reveal the paraphyly ofPayeraandSchismatoclada. The close relationship between the three Danaideae genera andCoursianais supported. However, we found very little support for the inclusion of the latter genus inPayeraas proposed earlier. The tribe is resolved in two morphologically distinct major lineages, the highly supportedDanaisclade with lianescent habit (=Danaissensu Buchner & Puff) and thePayera-Schismatocladaclade with arborescent habit. The Malagasy and Mauritian specimens ofDanais fragransare not closely related, and we restrictD. fragransto the Mauritian taxa and resurrectDanais lyalliiBaker to accommodate the MalagasyD. fragrans. According to our analysis, Madagascar is the origin of all species of Danaideae occurring in the Comoro archipelago, East Africa, and Mauritius. The Mauritian and East AfricanDanaiseach is the result of a single colonization event, while there were at least two independent colonization events to the Comoros.
Phylogenetic placement, delimitation, and relationships among genera of the enigmatic Nelsonioideae (Lamiales: Acanthaceae)
Authors: McDade Lucinda A. , Daniel Thomas F. , Kiel Carrie A. , Borg Agneta Julia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe took a two–tiered approach to test monophyly of Nelsonioideae and place the group within Lamiales, and to determine relationships among taxa within the group. Phylogenetic analysis of a molecular dataset (ndhF+trnL–F) for a broad sample of Lamiales supports monophyly of Nelsonioideae and places the clade with strong support as sister to a lineage composed of all other plants treated as Acanthaceae (Avicennia, Thunbergioideae, Acanthoideae). We propose to treat this entire group as Acanthaceae s.l. and hypothesize that indurate, explosively dehiscent capsules are a synapomorphy for the family, albeit with autapomorphic fruit types in Avicennia and Mendoncia. These results further support monophyly of family–level groups that have emerged from recent studies of Lamiales but are largely unsuccessful in resolving relationships among these groups, as also encountered by other workers. Our results contradict some aspects of relationships that have seemed resolved by earlier studies, notably among Byblidaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Thomandersia, and other Lamiales. Among Nelsonioideae, analysis of sequence data from rapidly evolving genic regions (trnS–G, ndhF–rpl32+rpl32–trnL(UAG), nrITS) and a larger sample of nelso–nioids (i.e., all genera and multiple taxa to represent the diversity of species–rich genera) indicates that Nelsonia and Elytraria are monophyletic with strong support, but with only moderate support for Nelsonia as the first branching clade and Elytraria sister to the remaining nelsonioids. An African clade comprising monospecific Saintpauliopsis sister to Anisosepalum (two of three species sampled) is sister to a clade that includes all sampled members of pantropical Staurogyne plus New World Gynocraterium and Asian Ophiorrhiziphyllon. Gynocraterium is sister to all sampled members of New World Staurogyne; this last clade is sister to a clade comprising the other sampled Staurogyne plus Ophiorrhiziphyllon, which is nested among Asian Staurogyne. The taxonomic implications of these patterns of relationship are discussed. Our results suggest that Nelsonioideae have a complex history of inter–continental dispersals compared to other lineages of Acanthaceae of similar to much larger size in terms of number of species, making it an interesting group for biogeographic study.
Polyploidy and other changes at chromosomal level and in genome size: Its role in systematics and evolution exemplified by some genera of Anthemideae and Cardueae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Vallès Joan , Pellicer Jaume , Sánchez-Jiménez Ismael , Hidalgo Oriane , Vitales Daniel , Garcia Sònia , Martín Joan , Garnatje Teresa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolyploidy is one of the major evolutionary forces in plants and in particular in the largest angiosperm family, the Asteraceae. This chromosome set multiplication directly impacts the nuclear DNA contents, in terms of variation at holoploid and monoploid levels. Other karyological changes such as aneuploidy or dysploidy might produce genome size alterations as well, therefore playing also a relevant role as evolutionary forces. All these factors may promote speciation, thus having systematic implications. In this paper we review the mechanisms associated with genome size variation, as well as their evolutionary consequences at phylogenetic, systematic and even taxonomic levels. To do so, C–values and chromosome numbers have been compiled and complemented with other molecular cytogenetic data to be discussed within their respective molecular phylogenetic frameworks. The case studies come from several genera of the Asteraceae belonging to tribes Anthemideae (Artemisia) and Cardueae (Cheirolophus, Echinops and members of Rhaponticum group), which cover a wide range of life strategies (e.g., life cycles, ecology, geographical distribution).
A fully resolved chloroplast phylogeny of the brassica crops and wild relatives (Brassicaceae: Brassiceae): Novel clades and potential taxonomic implications
Authors: Arias Tatiana , Pires J. Chris 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBrassicas boast an enormous diversity of economically important products. Strikingly, relationships among main lineages are still unknown. The phylogeny of the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) was reconstructed for 89 species using four plastid regions (rpl32­trnL, atpI­atpH,psbD­trnT,ycf6­psbM). Representatives of almost all genera were sampled, covering the entire natural range of the tribe from Central Asia to the western Mediterranean, including four previously unsampled genera (Ammosperma,Eremophyton,Fezia,Pseudofortuynia). Phylogenetic analysis recovered eight well­supported clades in the tribe including a new African clade (Henophyton) comprised of genera that have not been previously sampled. Relationships within and between the eight major clades are strongly supported for the first time. The earliest­divergent lineages in the tribe are the clades Vella and Zilla. Henophyton is sister to the clade that includes the lineages Nigra, Crambe, Cakile, Savignya, and Oleracea. Core Brassiceae—a new clade defined here—is comprised of two subclades: (1) Nigra, Crambe, and Cakile and (2) Savignya and Oleracea. Within the Oleracea lineage, a new Core Oleracea clade is defined. Several genera were confirmed to be polyphyletic or paraphyletic, including Brassica, Erucastrum, Sinapis, Diplotaxis and Cakile. Economically important species belonging to the genera Brassica were primarily distributed across the two most species­rich lineages, Nigra or Oleracea. Collectively, the finding of these novel clades has numerous taxonomic implications.
The realignment of Acosmium sensu stricto with the Dalbergioid clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) reveals a proneness for independent evolution of radial floral symmetry among early­branching papilionoid legumes
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , de Lima Haroldo Cavalcante , Rodrigues Rodrigo Schütz , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Pennington R. Toby , Lavin Matt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genus Acosmium s.l. (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) traditionally included up to 20 tree species mostly from South America. Due mainly to radial floral symmetry, the taxonomy of Acosmium has been historically confounded with four other Papilionoideae genera: Dicraeopetalum, Guianodendron,Leptolobium, and Sweetia. We used comprehensively sampled molecular data from the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS/5.8S) and two plastid DNA (matK, trnL intron) regions in order to evaluate the monophyly of Acosmium s.l. and to shed light on the relationships of its distinct lineages in the context of the Papilionoideae phylogeny. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of all data concurred in resolving a polyphyletic Acosmium s.l. Our data agreed with previous molecular phylogenetic analyses that resolved Dicraeopetalum and Sweetia apart from Acosmium s.l. Unexpectedly, Acosmium s.str., thought to belong to the Genistoid clade, is here strongly resolved within the Dalbergioid Pterocarpus clade. Despite being classified until recently as different sections of Acosmium s.l., Leptolobium and Guianodendron were resolved within the Genistoid clade as part of a Bowdichia clade with the genera Diplotropis and Bowdichia. Our results reveal that radial floral symmetry has evolved independently in all Acosmium segregates and strongly suggest that the primacy given to floral characters involving corolla symmetry and petal differentiation in traditional legume classification has often obscured phylogenetic relationships.
The Bowdichia clade of Genistoid legumes: Phylogenetic analysis of combined molecular and morphological data and a recircumscription of Diplotropis
Authors: Cardoso Domingos , de Lima Haroldo Cavalcante , Rodrigues Rodrigo Schütz , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , Pennington R. Toby , Lavin Matt 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Neotropical Bowdichia clade (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) comprises four genera, Bowdichia, Diplotropis, Guianodendron, and Leptolobium, which are sister to the core Genistoid clade. Bowdichia and Diplotropis at one time were treated as a single genus, whereas Guianodendron and Leptolobium have been synonymized with the distantly related Dalbergioid genus Acosmium because of shared radial floral symmetry. We combined and analysed morphological and molecular data including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS; including ITS1/5.8S/ITS2) and two chloroplast DNA (matK, trnL intron) regions in order to evaluate the monophyly of each genus and the Bowdichia clade. A combined parsimony analysis strongly supported the monophyly of Bowdichia, the paraphyly of Diplotropis, and the independent evolution of radial floral symmetry in Guianodendron and Leptolobium. Leptolobium is sister to Bowdichia and Guianodendron is nested within Diplotropis s.l. Diplotropis is here recircumscribed as to encompass the monophyletic Diplotropis sect. Diplotropis and it is suggested that D. sect. Racemosae deserves segregation into a new genus. Radial floral symmetry has been overemphasised in previous classifications by taxonomists who did not recognize its evolutionary lability. This has resulted in non­monophyletic circumscriptions of genera such as Acosmium.
Embryopsida, a new name for the class of land plants
Authors: Pirani José Rubens , Prado Jefferson 
Published: February 2019

Abstract“Embryophyceae” and Equisetopsida have been used recently to designate the land plants at the rank of class. The former was never validly published. In this paper we propose a new name in the rank of class—Embryopsida Engler ex Pirani & J. Prado—, to replace Equisetopsida C. Agardh, which was used by Chase & Reveal (2009) to apply to all land plants. The new name here proposed follows Art. 16.1(b) of both the Vienna Code and the Melbourne Code and recognizes Adolf Engler’s use of the term “Embryophyta” to name the land plants, i.e., all plants provided with an embryo.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Anabasis foliosa L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Sukhorukov Alexander P. , Jarvis Charles E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe typification of the name Anabasis foliosa L. (≡ Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvelev) (Chenopodiaceae) is discussed. A specimen from LINN is designated as the lectotype.
Partial generic revision of Barbula (Musci: Pottiaceae): Re–establishment of Hydrogonium and Streblotrichum, and the new genus Gymnobarbula
Authors: Kučera Jan , Košnar Jiří , Werner Olaf 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLarge genera, that were defined using a restricted suite of morphological characters, are particularly prone to be polyphyletic. We analysed a representative selection of species traditionally assigned to the genus Barbula, believed to represent the largest genus of the moss family Pottiaceae, but which recently was suggested to be polyphyletic. Special attention was paid to species traditionally assigned to Barbula sect. Hydrogonium and sect. Convolutae, in which phylogenetic relationships are likely to be incongruent with morphological traits, which could have evolved in adaptation to hydric and otherwise extreme habitats. Our phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS and chloroplast rps4 and trnM–trnV sequence data and resolved only the type of the genus, B. unguiculata, plus B. orizabensis, in subfamily Pottioideae, while most of the species occurring in the Northern Hemisphere are part of Trichostomoideae and need to be recognized within the re–established and partly re–defined genera Hydrogonium and Streblotrichum. The phylogenetically and morphologically divergent B. bicolor needs to be removed from Streblotrichum to a newly described genus, Gymnobarbula. Numerous taxonomic changes and nomenclatural novelties, resulting from the molecular, morphological and nomenclatural studies are proposed for taxa of Hydrogonium, particularly within the H. consanguineum clade. Lectotypes are selected for Tortula angustifolia Hook. & Grev. (≡ Hydrogonium angustifolium (≡ Hook. & Grev.) Jan Kučera, comb. nov.), Tortula consanguinea Thwaites & Mitt. (≡ Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp.) and Tortula flavescens Hook. & Grev. (= Hydrogonium consanguineum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Hilp.).
Comparative fruit structure in Hydatellaceae (Nymphaeales) reveals specialized pericarp dehiscence in some early–divergent angiosperms with ascidiate carpels
Authors: Sokoloff Dmitry D. , Remizowa Margarita V. , Macfarlane Terry D. , Conran John G. , Yadav Shrirang R. , Rudall Paula J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe provide the first detailed description of specialized anatomical mechanisms of fruit dehiscence in two sections of Trithuria (Hydatellaceae), a basal angiosperm lineage with a markedly ascidiate carpel. The dehiscent fruits of Hydatellaceae are unique among angiosperms. Earlier studies suggested the follicle as a primitive type of dehiscent angiosperm fruit, developing from a conduplicate carpel. In contrast with follicles, the single–seeded apocarpous (or unicarpellate) dehiscent fruits of Hydatellaceae dehisce by three equally spaced valves separating from three fruit ribs. There is no evidence of pseudomonomery. In mature fruits, all cell layers except the outer epidermis of the ovary are obliterated, so that only one pericarp layer (the exocarp) remains, except in the regions around the vascular bundles and at the fruit apex and base. Morphological cladistic analyses reveal data incongruence between characters describing fruit morphology and other morphological features of Hydatellaceae, including those linked with dioecy/monoecy. As a result, strict consensus trees inferred from maximum parsimony analyses based on each of the two sub–sets of morphological data are more resolved than ones inferred from the analysis of the entire morphological dataset. Fruit characters correspond closely with the recently published molecular phylogeny of the sole genus, Trithuria. The occurrence of an apparently rudimentary mechanical tissue at the fruit apex of most Hydatellaceae with indehiscent fruits suggests that the stem group of Hydatellaceae was characterized by dehiscent fruits with lignified endocarp fibres. The occurrence of Strelitzia–type surface waxes characteristic of Trithuria sect. Trithuria provides further evidence of the homoplasy of this epicuticular wax type at the scale of seed plants.
Zhengyia shennongensis: A new bulbiliferous genus and species of the nettle family (Urticaceae) from central China exhibiting parallel evolution of the bulbil trait
Authors: Deng Tao , Kim Changkyun , Zhang Dai-Gui , Zhang Jian-Wen , Li Zhi-Ming , Nie Ze-Long , Sun Hang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZhengyia shennongensis is described here as a new genus and species of the nettle family (Urticaceae) from Hubei province, central China. The phylogenetic position of Z. shennongensis is determined using DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal ITS and three plastid regions (rbcL, psbA–trnH, trnL–F). Zhengyia shennongensis is readily distinguished from the related genera Urtica, Hesperocnide, and Laportea in the tribe Urticeae by its seed (oblong–globose or subglobose and not compressed achenes, surface densely covered with nipple–shaped protuberances) and stipule morphology (large leaf–like stipules with auriculate and amplexicaulous base and united with stem). Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Zhengyia is a distinct group related to Urtica (including Hesperocnide) species and Laportea cuspidata in tribe Urticeae. The bulbiliferous species of the tribe (L. bulbifera, L. cuspidata, Z. shennongensis) do not form a clade. This result indicates that the bulbil trait evolved in parallel within Urticeae. Our findings highlight the importance of shady and moist habitats in promoting species diversification and the parallel evolution of morphological traits that are likely to be adaptive.
Jaguariba wiersemana gen. nov. et sp. nov., an Early Cretaceous member of crown group Nymphaeales (Nymphaeaceae) from northern Gondwana
Authors: Coiffard Clément , Mohr Barbara A.R. , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary E.C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMorphology and anatomy of a fossil nymphaealean plant, Jaguariba wiersemana gen. nov. et sp. nov. from the late Early Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil, and extant aquatic flowering plants are comparatively studied. Characteristic features indicate that Jaguariba gen. nov. is a member of Nymphaeaceae, and may belong to Nymphaeoideae. The occurrence of both Nymphaeaceae and Cabombaceae (e.g., Pluricarpellatia peltata) in the Lower Cretaceous contradicts recent molecular dating implying a Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary divergence for those families. Furthermore, the morphology of the fossil and sedimentologic and taphonomic data indicate that Jaguariba gen. nov. had an aquatic ecology similar to living Nymphaeaceae. Thus the taxon was part of the aquatic vegetation of the Crato lake in association with Pluricarpellatia peltata, an earlier described cabombaceaen aquatic angiosperm.