bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ustilago maydis null mutant strains of the RNA-binding protein UmRrm75 accumulate hydrogen peroxide and melanin
Authors: Rodríguez-Piña Alma Laura , Juárez-Montiel Margarita , Hernández-Sánchez Itzell Eurídice , Rodríguez-Hernández Aída Araceli , Bautista Elihú , Becerra-Flora Alicia , López-Villegas Edgar Oliver , Jiménez-Bremont Juan Francisco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUstilago maydis is a dimorphic fungus that has emerged as a model organism for the study of fungal phytopathogenicity and RNA biology. In a previous study, we isolated the U. maydis UmRrm75 gene. The deletion of the UmRrm75 gene affected morphogenesis and pathogenicity. UmRrm75 gene encodes a protein containing three RNA recognition motifs. Here we determined that UmRrm75 has chaperone activity in Escherichia coli using the transcription anti-termination assay. Subsequently, we analyzed the growth of ΔUmRrm75 mutants at 15 °C and 37 °C, observing that mutant strains had reduced growth in comparison to parental strains. UmRrm75 gene expression was induced under these non-optimal temperatures. ΔUmRrm75 mutant colonies displayed a dark-brown color at 28 °C, which was confirmed to be melanin based on spectroscopic analysis and spectrometric data. Furthermore, ΔUmRrm75 mutant strains showed the presence of peroxisomes, and increased H2O2 levels, even at 28 °C. The ΔUmRrm75 mutant strains displayed a higher expression of redox-sensor UmYap1 gene and increased catalase activity than the parental strains. Our data show that deletion of the UmRrm75 gene results in higher levels of H2O2, increased melanin content, and abiotic stress sensitivity.
Development of the Self Optimising Kohonen Index Network (SKiNET) for Raman Spectroscopy Based Detection of Anatomical Eye Tissue
Authors: Banbury Carl , Mason Richard , Styles Iain , Eisenstein Neil , Clancy Michael , Belli Antonio , Logan Ann , Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy shows promise as a tool for timely diagnostics via in-vivo spectroscopy of the eye, for a number of ophthalmic diseases. By measuring the inelastic scattering of light, Raman spectroscopy is able to reveal detailed chemical characteristics, but is an inherently weak effect resulting in noisy complex signal, which is often difficult to analyse. Here, we embraced that noise to develop the self-optimising Kohonen index network (SKiNET), and provide a generic framework for multivariate analysis that simultaneously provides dimensionality reduction, feature extraction and multi-class classification as part of a seamless interface. The method was tested by classification of anatomical ex-vivo eye tissue segments from porcine eyes, yielding an accuracy >93% across 5 tissue types. Unlike traditional packages, the method performs data analysis directly in the web browser through modern web and cloud technologies as an open source extendable web app. The unprecedented accuracy and clarity of the SKiNET methodology has the potential to revolutionise the use of Raman spectroscopy for in-vivo applications.
Cigarette smoke exposure redirects Staphylococcus aureus to a virulence profile associated with persistent infection
Authors: Lacoma Alicia , Edwards Andrew M. , Young Bernadette C. , Domínguez José , Prat Cristina , Laabei Maisem 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTobacco smoking represents the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. Smoking is a recognised risk factor for several pathologies and is detrimental to host immune surveillance and defence. However, the impact of smoking on microbial residents of the nasopharyngeal cavity, in contact with cigarette smoke (CS), is lacking. Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that colonises the human nasopharynx and causes a wide range of infections. We investigated the impact of CS on specific virulence phenotypes important in S aureus pathogenesis. We observed strain-dependent differences following exposure to CS, namely growth inhibition, augmented biofilm formation, increased invasion of, and persistence within, bronchial alveolar epithelial cells. Additionally, we confirm the critical role of a functional accessory gene regulator (Agr) system in mediating increased biofilm development and host cell invasion and persistence following CS exposure. Furthermore, CS exposure resulted in reduced toxin production. Importantly, exposure of S aureus to CS accelerated the frequency of mutations and resulted in a significant increase in gentamicin-resistant small colony variant (SCV) formation. Mutational analysis revealed that CS induced SCVs emerge via the SOS response DNA mutagenic repair system. Taken together, our results suggest that CS redirects certain S aureus strains to a virulence profile associated with persistence.
Cr2Te3 Thin Films for Integration in Magnetic Topological Insulator Heterostructures
Authors: Burn D. M. , Duffy L. B. , Fujita R. , Zhang S. L. , Figueroa A. I. , Herrero-Martin J. , van der Laan G. , Hesjedal T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChromium telluride compounds are promising ferromagnets for proximity coupling to magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) of the Cr-doped (Bi,Sb)2(Se,Te)3 class of materials as they share the same elements, thus simplifying thin film growth, as well as due to their compatible crystal structure. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high quality (001)-oriented Cr2Te3 thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be grown on c-plane sapphire substrate. Here, we present a magnetic and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the chemical and magnetic properties of Cr2Te3 thin films. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measured at the Cr L2,3 edges gives information about the local electronic and magnetic structure of the Cr ions. We further demonstrate the overgrowth of Cr2Te3 (001) thin films by high-quality Cr-doped Sb2Te3 films. The magnetic properties of the layers have been characterized and our results provide a starting point for refining the physical models of the complex magnetic ordering in Cr2Te3 thin films, and their integration into advanced MTI heterostructures for quantum device applications.
Relationship between device acceptance and patient-reported outcomes in Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) recipients
Authors: Tosto Crispino , Adamo Luigi , Craddock Heidi , Di Blasi Maria , Girgenti Rosario , Clemenza Francesco , Carney Robert M. , Ewald Gregory 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe number of Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) implanted each year is rising. Nevertheless, there are minimal data on device acceptance after LVAD implant, and on its relationship with patient-reported outcomes. We designed a cross-sectional study to address this knowledge gap and test the hypothesis that low device acceptance is associated with poorer quality of life, depression and anxiety. Self-report questionnaires were administered to assess quality of life (12-item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire quality of life subscale), level of anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), level of depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) and device acceptance (Florida Patient Acceptance Survey; FPAS) to 101 consecutive patients presenting to LVAD clinic. Regression analysis showed a strong correlation between device acceptance and both psychological distress (p < 0.001) and quality of life (p < 0.001). Analysis of the sub-scales of the FPAS showed that patients had significant body image concerns, but return to function and device-related distress were the main drivers of the observed correlation between device acceptance and patient well-being. Younger age was associated with lower device acceptance (r = 0.36, p < 0.001) and lower quality of life (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that interventions targeting device acceptance should be explored to improve outcomes in LVAD recipients.
Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and wild-type like fALS SOD1 mutants produce cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 via cysteine-dependent redox short-circuit
Authors: Bakavayev Shamchal , Chetrit Nimrod , Zvagelsky Tatiana , Mansour Rasha , Vyazmensky Maria , Barak Zeev , Israelson Adrian , Engel Stanislav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Cu/Zn−superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. In addition to this principal reaction, the enzyme is known to catalyze, with various efficiencies, several redox side-reactions using alternative substrates, including biological thiols, all involving the catalytic copper in the enzyme’s active-site, which is relatively surface exposed. The accessibility and reactivity of the catalytic copper is known to increase upon SOD1 misfolding, structural alterations caused by a mutation or environmental stresses. These competing side-reactions can lead to the formation of particularly toxic ROS, which have been proposed to contribute to oxidative damage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons. Here, we demonstrated that metal-saturated SOD1WT (holo-SOD1WT) and a familial ALS (fALS) catalytically active SOD1 mutant, SOD1G93A, are capable, under defined metabolic circumstances, to generate cytotoxic quantities of H2O2 through cysteine (CSH)/glutathione (GSH) redox short-circuit. Such activity may drain GSH stores, therefore discharging cellular antioxidant potential. By analyzing the distribution of thiol compounds throughout the CNS, the location of potential hot-spots of ROS production can be deduced. These hot-spots may constitute the origin of oxidative damage to neurons in ALS.
A Statistical Test for Differential Network Analysis Based on Inference of Gaussian Graphical Model
Authors: He Hao , Cao Shaolong , Zhang Ji-gang , Shen Hui , Wang Yu-Ping , Deng Hong-wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDifferential network analysis investigates how the network of connected genes changes from one condition to another and has become a prevalent tool to provide a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the molecular etiology of complex diseases. Based on the asymptotically normal estimation of large Gaussian graphical model (GGM) in the high-dimensional setting, we developed a computationally efficient test for differential network analysis through testing the equality of two precision matrices, which summarize the conditional dependence network structures of the genes. Additionally, we applied a multiple testing procedure to infer the differential network structure with false discovery rate (FDR) control. Through extensive simulation studies with different combinations of parameters including sample size, number of vertices, level of heterogeneity and graph structure, we demonstrated that our method performed much better than the current available methods in terms of accuracy and computational time. In real data analysis on lung adenocarcinoma, we revealed a differential network with 3503 nodes and 2550 edges, which consisted of 50 clusters with an FDR threshold at 0.05. Many of the top gene pairs in the differential network have been reported relevant to human cancers. Our method represents a powerful tool of network analysis for high-dimensional biological data.
Active PKG II inhibited the growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells through blocking Raf/MEK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Yan , Cai Qin , Li Wei , Cai Zhensheng , Liu Ying , Li Hongfan , Pang Ji , Chen Yongchang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Despite advances in chemotherapy, ovarian cancer (OC) is still the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. So, it is imperative to explore its mechanism and find novel targets to improve the outcome. Type II cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG II) has been recently reported to inhibit proliferation and metastasis in several tumors. The present study is to clarify the effect of PKG II combined with l-arginine (l-Arg) on OC cells. SKOV3 and A2780 cells were infected with adenovirus coding cDNA of PKG II to increase PKG II expression and l-Arg was applied to activate this kinase. CCK8 assay, Transwell migration and TUNEL assay were applied to detect the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of the OC cells, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the level of total and phosphorylated proteins. Our results showed that co-treatment with PKG II and l-Arg inhibited EGF-induced proliferation and the expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), Cyclin E and N-Cadherin, whereas up-regulated the expression of E-Cadherin, abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of EGF, prevented the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as blocked EGF-triggered Raf-MEK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways. Our results suggested that PKG II activated by l-Arg could inhibit proliferation and migration and promote the apoptosis of OC cells. Based on the above results and our previous data, it is speculated that PKG II is an inhibitor of cancer with extensive effects.
Membrane dynamics in cell migration
Authors: Llanses Martinez Montserrat , Rainero Elena 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Migration of cells is required in multiple tissue-level processes, such as in inflammation or cancer metastasis. Endocytosis is an extremely regulated cellular process by which cells uptake extracellular molecules or internalise cell surface receptors. While the role of endocytosis of focal adhesions (FA) and plasma membrane (PM) turnover at the leading edge of migratory cells is wide known, the contribution of endocytic proteins per se in migration has been frequently disregarded. In this review, we describe the novel functions of the most well-known endocytic proteins in cancer cell migration, focusing on clathrin, caveolin, flotillins and GRAF1. In addition, we highlight the relevance of the macropinocytic pathway in amoeboid-like cell migration.
Neuromuscular Development in Neonates and Postnatal Infants: Implications for Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Dysphagia
Authors: Epperson Hannah E. , Sandage Mary J. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The aim of the current study was to review neuromuscular development, summarize the current body of evidence describing the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy in infants, and identify possible contraindications for the use of NMES in the neonate and young infant.

Method
After a review of the literature describing neuromuscular development, we created a timeline of the developmental processes. Key milestones were determined, and a literature search was conducted to identify potential effects of electrical stimulation on this process.

Results
Current evidence supporting the use of NMES in the pediatric population is limited and of poor quality. Contraindications of the use of NMES in the neonate and young infant were identified, including (a) inhibited expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule that is vital for neuromuscular development, (b) alteration of muscle fiber type metabolic profile away from intended muscle fiber type morphology, and (c) interruption of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor synthesis during neuromuscular junction development.

Conclusion
The use of NMES for the treatment of dysphagia in the neonate and young infant may influence early neuromuscular development in a manner that is not currently well understood. Future research is needed to further understand the effects of NMES on the developing neuromuscular system.
High‐precision motion compensation for very‐high‐resolution SAR imaging
Authors: Zhuang Long , Xu Daobao 
Published: July 2019

A precise motion compensation method is proposed to achieve very‐high‐resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image. The very‐high‐resolution is designed to achieve higher than 0.1 m resolution. For very‐high‐resolution SAR with wider integration angle, it implies that there exists phase error caused by the squint angle. Further, the phase error between the margin and the centre of the beam is azimuth variant. The proposed two‐step motion compensation method can effectively overcome the shortcomings of the normal method and achieve. The real data results with well‐focused very‐high‐resolution SAR images demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Near-infrared polarimetric study of near-Earth object 252P/LINEAR: an implication of scattered light from the evolved dust particles
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Ishiguro Masateru , Kwon Jungmi , Kuroda Daisuke , Im Myungshin , Choi Changsu , Tamura Motohide , Nagayama Takahiro , Kawai Nobuyuki , Watanabe Jun-Ichi 
Published: July 2019

Context.Comets undergo resurfacing due to solar radiation, while their primordial interiors remain unchanged. Multi-epoch observations of comets enable us to characterize a change in sublimation pattern as a function of heliocentric distance, which in turn provides information on the dust environments of comets.Aims.We aim to constrain the size and porosity of ejected dust particles from comet 252P/LINEAR and their evolution near perihelion via near-infrared (NIR) multiband polarimetry. A close approach of the comet to the Earth in March 2016 (~0.036 au) provided a rare opportunity for the sampling of the comet at high spatial resolution.Methods.We made NIRJHKS-band (1.25–2.25μm) polarimetric observations of the comet for 12 days near perihelion, interspersed between broadband optical (0.48–0.80μm) imaging observations over four months. In addition, a dynamical simulation of the comet was performed 1000 yr backward in time.Results.We detected two discontinuous brightness enhancements of 252P/LINEAR. Before the first enhancement, the NIR polarization degrees of the comet were far lower than those of ordinary comets at a given phase angle. Soon after the activation, however, they increased by ~13% at most, showing unusual blue polarimetric color over theJandHbands (−2.55%μm−1on average) and bluing of the dust color in bothJ−HandH−KS. Throughout the event, the polarization vector was marginally aligned perpendicular to the scattering plane (i.e.,θr= 4.6°–10.9°). The subsequent postperihelion reactivation of the comet lasted for approximately 1.5 months, with a factor of ~30 times pre-activation dust mass-loss rates in theRCband.Conclusions.The marked increase in the polarization degree with blue NIR polarimetric color is reminiscent of the behavior of a fragmenting comet D/1999 S4 (LINEAR). The most plausible scenario for the observed polarimetric properties of 252P/LINEAR is an ejection of predominantly large (well within the geometrical optics regime) and compact dust particles from the desiccated surface layer. We conjecture that the more intense solar heating that the comet has received in the near-Earth orbit would cause the paucity of small fluffy dust particles around the nucleus of the comet.
Multivariable statistical analysis of spectrophotometry and spectra of (162173) Ryugu as observed by JAXA Hayabusa2 mission
Authors: Barucci M. A. , Hasselmann P. H. , Fulchignoni M. , Honda R. , Yokota Y. , Sugita S. , Kitazato K. , Deshapriya J. D. P. , Perna D. , Tatsumi E. , Domingue D. , Morota T. , Kameda S. , Iwata T. , Abe M. , Ohtake M. , Matsuura S. , Matsuoka M. , Hiroi T. , Nakamura T. , Kouyama T. , Suzuki H. , Yamada M. , Sakatani N. , Honda C. , Ogawa K. , Hayakawa M. , Yoshioka K. , Cho Y. , Sawada H. , Takir D. , Vilas F. , Hirata N. , Hirata N. , Tanaka S. , Yamamoto Y. , Yoshikawa M. , Watanabe S. , Tsuda Y. 
Published: July 2019

Context.Starting from late June 2018, the JAXA asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa2 acquired a large quantity of resolved images and spectra of the surface of the asteroid (162173) Ryugu.Aims.By studying the visible and near-infrared spectral behavior across the surface of Ryugu using a statistical analysis, we aim to distinguish spectral homogeneous groups and to detect the small heterogeneities. This allows us to better constrain the surface composition variations.Methods.In order to isolate and interpret the difference in the asteroid surface spectral behavior, we applied theG-mode multivariate statistical analysis to a set of pixels containing information of (i) the visible ONC-T spectrophotometry, and (ii) the near-infrared NIRS3 spectra thereby obtaining automatic statistical clustering at different confidence levels.Results.The analysis of both ONC-T and NIRS3 data allows us to highlight small spectral variations on the Ryugu surface. At a 3σconfidence level, only two groups are evident, while going down to 2σmore groups are obtained with differences in spectral slope and band depth.Conclusions.The identified groups have been associated with main morphological surface features. The spectral slope variations that characterize the small groups obtained by ONC-T data analysis, are interpreted as a consequence of space weathering with the presence of more or less fresh material and/or the different grain sizes of the regolith. The variations found analyzing the NIRS3 data are attributed to slightly different contents of hydrated material and different regolith sizes. The distribution on the Ryugu surface of the groups obtained by the analysis of the two instruments indicates a clear spectral dichotomy both between the east and west, and the north and south hemispheres. Small sized regolith grains associated to the redder spectra seem concentrated in the southwestern part of the body.
Einwilligung nach Aufklärung – ein juristisches Update
Authors: Biermann Elmar 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Indikation allein reicht zur Rechtfertigung des ärztlichen Eingriffes nicht. Hinzukommen muss die Einwilligung des durch einen Arzt aufgeklärten Patienten. Sind anstelle des Patienten andere Personen berechtigt, für ihn zu entscheiden, so sind diese aufzuklären. Dabei ist der Patient über sämtliche für die Einwilligung wesentlichen Umstände rechtzeitig und verständlich aufzuklären, ggf. unter Hinzuziehung eines Sprachmittlers bei fremdsprachigen Patienten.
Juristische Stellvertreter in der Medizin: Bevollmächtigte und Betreuer
Authors: Neitzke Gerald 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungJeder Patient hat Rechte. Ein zentrales Recht ist die Zustimmung oder Ablehnung einer medizinisch indizierten Behandlung nach Aufklärung 1. Für einen Patienten, der seine Rechte zum Beispiel wegen einer Bewusstlosigkeit, Demenz oder anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankung nicht selbst wahrnehmen kann, muss ein juristischer Stellvertreter diese Aufgaben übernehmen. Dieser Beitrag stellt dar, wie Bevollmächtigte oder Betreuer in die Entscheidungsfindung eingebunden werden müssen.