bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Evaluation of Soft Cast (Scotchcast, 3M) and Conventional Rigid and Semi-rigid Coaptation Methods
Authors: Aron D. N. , Foutz T. L. , Thompson S. A. , Rytz U. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA clinically relevant model was created to mechanically evaluate different rigid and semi-rigid coaptation methods. Modulus of elasticity, yield stress, resilience and stiffness was measured to describe material strength and structure stiffness. Rigid Vetcast Plus, 3 M (VCP), new semi-rigid Softcast Scotchcast, 3 M (SC), conventional semi-rigid fibreglass slab reinforced modified Rober t Jone s (SMRJ ) bandages, and modified Robert Jones (MRJ ) bandages were tested with different thicknesses or configurations. Rigid (VCP) was the strongest and stiffest coaptation method. The reason for this was a strong bond between fibres and resin and between layers. New semi-rigid (SC) was the strongest of the semi-rigid coaptation methods followed by (SMRJ ) bandages and (MRJ ) bandages. With semi-rigid (SC) imperfections and voids in bond allowed some shear movement between fibres and resin and between layers giving cylindrical structures some resilience. Stiffness of semi-rigid (SMRJ ) was influenced by the position of the slab relative to the bending plane. Compressed cotton with semi-rigid (MRJ ) had very limited resistance to a bending force.New semi-rigid Softcast Scotch-cat, 3M (SC) was mechanically evaluated in an in vitro external coaptation model and compared to rigid Vetcast Plus, 3M (VCP), semi-rigid fibreglass slab reinforced modified Robert Jones (SMRJ) bandages, and modified Robert Jones (MRJ) bandages. Vetcast Plus (VCP) was overall the strongest, Scotchcast (SC) was the strongest of the semi-rigid coaptation methods.
Effects of a Bone Inducing Agent Derived from a Cultured Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line after Orthotopic and Heterotopic Implantation in the Dog
Authors: McLaughlin R. , Hoskinson J. , Griffon Dominique 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBIA, a Bone Inducing Agent extracted from a cultured human osteosarcoma cell line (Saos–2), is highly osteoinductive in the skeletal muscle of athymic mice and promotes early osseous union of stabilized femoral non-unions in rats. To evaluate its effect in dogs, ten milligrams of BIA mixed with an equal amount of pure bovine collagen type I was compared with 20 mg of bovine collagen alone, a gelatin capsule alone, and fresh autogenous cancellous graft, after orthotopic and heterotopic implantation in Beagles.For osteoinductive bioassays, each implant was placed in the latissimus dorsi muscle of five Beagles for six weeks. Bone formation was evaluated by thoracic radiographs every two weeks and by high detail radiographs and histology six weeks after implantation. To evaluate the effects of BIA after orthotopic implantation, four cortical defects were created in each left femur of four Beagles. One defect on each femur was randomly filled with BIA plus collagen, collagen alone, a gelatin capsule alone, or autogenous cancellous graft. Radiographic evaluation of the femurs was performed every two weeks for eight weeks. Healing of the defects was assessed with high detail radiographs, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, histology and histomorphometry eight weeks after implantation.Ten mg of BIA did not induce bone formation six weeks after heterotopic implantation and did not promote bone healing after orthotopic implantation in the dogs. The discrepancy between these results and those obtained in rodents may be related to immunogenic factors or to the dose of BIA used in this study.BIA, a Bone Inducing Agent extracted from a cultured osteosarcoma cell line is highly osteoinductive in rodents. BIA was evaluated and compared with autogenous cancellous bone graft and bovine collagen after orthotopic and heterotopic implantation in Beagles. Each implant was placed in the latissimus dorsi muscle of five Beagles and in femoral cortical defects of four Beagles. Bone formation was evaluated by radiography, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, histology and histo-morphometry. BIA did not induce bone formation after heterotopic implantation and did not promote bone healing after orthotopic implantation in dogs.
Holding Power of Orthopaedic Screws in Bovine Femoral Heads. A Comparison of Three Cannulated Screws
Authors: McCabe R. P. , Wilson D. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFemoral capital physeal fractures have been successfully repaired with 7.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screws. The holding power of 7.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screws, 8.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screws and 8.0 mm titanium cannulated screws was compared. The 8.0 mm titanium cannulated screw had the highest holding power, the 7.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screw was intermediate and the 8.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screw had the lowest holding power.When placed in the bovine femoral head, 8.0 mm titanium cannulated screws have holding power greater than 8.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screws. A 7.0 mm stainless steel cannulated screw has intermediate holding power.
A Review of 30 Tumours Affecting Joints
Authors: Dyce J. , Houlton J. E. F. , Jefferies A. R. , Whitelock R. G. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe records and radiographs of 30 dogs with histopathologically confirmed tumours affecting joints were reviewed. The previously most commonly reported primary joint tumour, the synovial sarcoma, only represented eight of the 30 cases (27%). However, the radiological appearance of this tumour was very similar to others such as the fibrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibromyxosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, liposarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma. Other tumours recorded were a mast cell tumour, haemangiopericytoma, osteosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and amelanotic melanoma.This study shows that there are joint tumours that have a similar radiographic appearance to synovial sarcomata, and confirms the importance of histopathological diagnosis.This study shows that there are a number of different joint tumours which radiologically resemble synovial sarcoma, and underlines the importance of accurate histopathological diagnosis.
The Microvascular Carpal Foot Pad Flap: Vascular Anatomy and Surgical Technique
Authors: Fowler J. D. , Moens N. M. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe objectives of the study are to describe the vascular anatomy of the carpal foot pad and to describe the surgical technique for its dissection as a free microvascular flap.Sixteen front legs from ten different dogs weighing from 20 to 30 kg were used for the study. All of the dogs were euthanatized for reason unrelated to the study. Dissection of the carpal foot pad with its dominant arterial and venous pedicle was performed and angiographic studies were performed by injection of barium sulphate and “high detailed” radiography.The vascular anatomy of the carpal foot pad was consistent in all of the dogs. The arterial pedicle arises from the caudal interosseous artery and venous drainage is provided by the cephalic vein. A branch of the ulnar nerve parallels the arterial blood supply and may be included in flap dissection. Surgical dissection of the carpal foot pad flap is relatively straight forward. The length and diameter of the arterial and venous pedicle are appropriate for microvascular anastomosis.The carpal foot pad in the dog represents a viable option for microvascular transfer and reconstruction of weight bearing surfaces.Cadaveric dissection was used to study the vascular anatomy of the carpal foot pad in dogs and to assess its potential use as a free microvascular flap.
Unusual Case of a Fractured Anconeal Process in a Boxer
Authors: Kehnscherper G. , Flegel T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn acute weight-bearing lameness in the left front limb following a slight trauma happened in a male, one-year-old Boxer. Clinical and radiographic findings suggested a fractured anconeal process.Such a fracture after mild trauma is uncommon and indicates the possibility of a disorder in the area of the growth plate between anconeal process and ulna. Therefore this case could be related to the complex of the ununited anconeal process, too.A one-year-old Boxer sustained a fracture of the anconeal process following a mild trauma. This case might be related to the complex of the ununited anconeal process.
Lumbosacral Degenerative Stenosis in the Dog
Authors: Moens Y. , Coppens P. , Peremans Kathelijne , Vinck H. , Janssens L. A. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA total of thirtyfive dogs with a Hansen type two disc protrusion of the lumbosacral region were operated upon with a technique consisting of dorsal decompression, dorsal anulectomy and disc curettage. The presurgical signs existed for 14 months (mean) and 97% of the animals had been treated unsuccessfully with antiinflammatory drugs. The mean age at the time of surgery was 7,2 years and the mean weight 28 kg. Seventyone percent of the animals were males. A postsurgical questionnaire was mailed to the owners – mean 30 months – after surgery. The results of the surgery were such that 69% of the owners reported that their dog ameliorated after surgery of which 53% found their dog to be completely cured. Comparing the surgical results of this group with a comparable group of animals operated with a dorsal decompression technique alone (without anulectomy), and of which the owners were questioned with the same questionnaire, yielded identical clinical results. Our conclusion therefore is, that the more aggressive and invasive surgery which is neither suitable nor appropriate in that subgroup of patients with lumbosacral degenerative stenosis, plus a type II Hansen disc protrusion and without any, neurological deficit.The results of the surgical treatment of Hansen type II disc protrusion are described. Owners reported that 69% of the patients improved following the operation and that 53% were cured.
Guided bone regeneration in the treatment of a compound odontoma in a dog
Authors: Nalley W. S. , Wallace D. R. , Marti J. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis case report describes the successful surgical treatment of a canine compound odontoma using guided bone regeneration. A five-month-old male Labrador cross dog was diagnosed with a compound mandibular odontoma. After surgical removal of the denticles and curettage of the lining of the bony cavity, a combination of autogenous cortico-cancellous bone graft and a bovine-derived, purified bone mineral matrix was packed into the defect. A resorbable collagen membrane was then secured over the graft and the gingival tissues sutured. Radiographs taken four months later revealed advanced graft incorporation and bony healing of the mandibular defect. A second surgery was necessary to remove redundant gingival tissue dorsal to the lesion. Eight months after the first operation, radiographs revealed complete bony union and remodeling of the mandibular ramus. It is concluded that grafting of compound mandibular odontomas can be a viable surgical alternative to other more aggressive procedures such as a partial mandibulectomy in the dog.A large mandibular compound odontoma was treated by curettage of the bony cavity, removal of denticles and placement of a combination of autogenous corticocancellous graft and demineralised bone matrix under a resorbable collagen membrane. A second operation was carried out to resect some exhuberant gingival tissue. This treatment restored the integrity of the mandibular bone and avoided aggresive surgical resection.
Ununited anconeal process: lag-screw fixation with proximal ulnar osteotomy
Authors: Hulse D. A. , Bahr A. , Jerram R. M. , Krotscheck U. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryControversy exists as to the clinical outcome in dogs undergoing treatment of an ununited anconeal process. This is particularly true if the dog is seven months of age or more at the time of surgery. Long-term outcome of four cases having undergone lag screw fixation in combination with a proximal ulnar osteotomy as treatment for ununited anconeal process is presented. Age at the time of initial surgery ranged from six to 8.5 months. Time from surgery to final clinical and radiographic evaluation ranged from 23 months to 40 months. Clinical outcome was excellent in all cases with each dog showing an excellent return of limb function and no evidence of pain, crepitus, or joint effusion. Radiographic evaluation showed fusion of the anconeal process with minimal to no progression of osteoarthritis. Results in these cases support the use of lagscrew fixation in concert with an ulnar osteotomy as a treatment method for ununited anconeal process in dogs.Long-term outcome (23 to 40 months) of surgical treatment of ununited anconeal processes with a proximal ulnar osteotomy and lag screw fixation is evaluated in four cases. Clinical outcome was excellent in all cases; there was no evidence of pain, crepitus, or joint effusion. Final radiographic evaluation showed fusion of the anconeal process with minimal to no progression of osteoarthritis.
In vitro comparison of the locking loop and continuous cruciate suture patterns
Authors: Radlinsky M. G. , Renberg W. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study was undertaken to test anew suture pattern. Tenorrhaphy wasperformed on 23 pairs of canine deepgluteal tendons. One tendon in eachpair was repaired using a locking loopsuture pattern while the other wasrepaired using a novel continuouscruciate pattern. The tendons weredistracted in a mechanical testing apparatusat a rate of 50 cm/min. Strength atfailure, energy absorbed at failure, andmode of failure were recorded andcompared. The continuous cruciatepattern was stronger at failure andabsorbed greater energy at failure thanthe locking loop pattern. This studyindicated that the continuous cruciatepattern can be used clinically with theknowledge that its strength characteristicsexceed those of the locking looppattern.A new suture pattern was tested in deep gluteal tendons from cadaver dogs. The continuous cruciate suture pattern was found to be significantly stronger than the locking loop pattern in maximum strength and energy absorbed at failure in canine deep gluteal tendons.
Trochlear femoral fractures in cats: results of seven cases
Authors: Font J. , Marti M. J. , Chico C. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySeven cases of intra-articular fractures of the femoral condyles in cats were reviewed retrospectively. All of the cases involved the trochlea in a pattern that was different from the standard “T” or “L” fracture. Three of the cats were under one year of age. Surgical stabilization involved the use of plates and screws (five cases), crossed screws (one case), and multiple K-wires (one case). Radiographic bony union was demonstrable in all of the cases within 10 weeks. Six (85%) of the cats had a good functional outcome, and one (15%) had a fair outcome (minimum follow-up: four months). Major complications were not observed after post-operative physical and radiological examination.A retrospective study of seven cats with intra-articular fractures of the femoral trochlea was performed. These fractures were different than the standard “T” or L” fracture, and six of the fractures were comminuted.Functional outcome of the surgical repair was graded as good, fair or poor. Six of the cats had a good outcome, and one had a fair outcome.
The equine nuchal ligament 1: structural and material properties
Authors: Bertram J. E. A. , Gellman K. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe nuchal ligament, a large elastic structure in the dorsal cervical region, helps support the head and neck in the horse. During locomotion, the caudal funicular and cranial lamellar regions make the largest contribution to elastic strain energy storage. By storing and returning strain energy, the nuchal ligament reduces the amount of oscillatory head movements. These conclusions are derived from examination of the functional morphology of the equine nuchal ligament, its deformation during head movements, and the measurements of the mechanical properties of the tissue using a loading frame. The modulus of elasticity (Young’s Modulus) was found to be similar to published values for bovine nuchal ligament: 8.4 × 105 (0.2 × 105 S. E.). The measured material properties can be combined with an analysis of tissue strain, and structural organization, to provide detailed estimates of the passive contribution of the nuchal ligament to locomotory motions of the head and neck.
Current concepts in fracture reduction
Authors: Johnson A. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryFracture management includes preoperative planning, implant selection, fracture reduction, implant application, and postoperative patient management. Fracture reduction can be one of the most challenging parts of the process. Time honoured principles, of gradual progressive traction and counter-traction, to anatomically restore the bone contour are still effective methods of fracture reduction (2). However, new concepts have emerged that incorporate: balanced anaesthesia techniques, image guided minimally invasive implant placement, bone alignment (rather than anatomical reconstruction) for comminuted fractures, and additional methods of achieving mechanical leverage (1, 3, 4, 16). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the decision making process for selecting fracture reduction techniques; and to describe those techniques for achieving and maintaining reduction for specific fractures.
Will the Cranial Cruciate Ligament-Deficient Caprine Stifle Joint Develop Degenerative Joint Disease?
Authors: Thomson L. A. , Houlton J. E. F. , Rushton N. , Allen M.J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUnilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) resection was performed in six goats. Controls for this procedure included the contralateral (non-operated) joints and six normal joints. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement throughout the study, whereas all other joints were stable.None of the joints showed gross evidence of degenerative joint disease at necropsy 52 weeks after the operation. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between either the frequency or severity of radiographic abnormalities in the two groups of joints.Despite long-term joint instability, degenerative joint disease did not develop in the CCL-deficient caprine stifle joint. When the goat is used as a model for anterior cruciate ligament-deficiency in man, the significance of any results should be assessed in the light of these findings.The long-term effects of experi-mentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency were studied in goats. All CCL-deficient joints had a positive cranial drawer movement, both immediately after surgery and at the end of the 52 week study. However, there was no evidence of cartilage or meniscal damage at postmortem examination, and stifle radiographs did not reveal evidence of degenerative joint disease.
The Cranial Superficial Epigastric Skin Flap in the Dog
Authors: Bauer M. S. , Steyn P. F. , Toombs Wanda , Orton E.C. , Degner D. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated the angiosome of the cranial superficial epigastric artery and perfusion of the cranial superficial epigastric skin flap using scintigraphy. The results from this study indicate the cranial superficial epigastric skin flap may remain viable in a chronic model.Anastomoses were noted between the cranial and caudal superficial epigastric arterial beds of all skin flaps. The scintigraphic study demonstrated that perfusion of the entire skin flap was maintained, with only the cranial superficial artery and vein intact.
The Effects of Polysulfated Glycosaminoglycan (Adeqtiail®) on Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, Prothrombin Time, Complete Blood Count, Biochemical Profile and Urinalysis in Cats
Authors: Beale B. S. , Clemmons R. M. , Clark Laura , de Haan J. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe effects of a single intramuscular administration of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (PSGAG, Adequan®a) on activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile and urinalysis were determined in six adult cats. An injection of 5 mg/kg of PSGAG was given to three of the cats, and an injection of 25 mg/kg was given to the other three cats. Following a seven-day crossover interval, the doses were reversed. Serial blood and urine samples were collected over a 48-hour period after each injection. Administration of PSGAG resulted in a transient, dose-dependent increase of APTT and PT. Prolonged bleeding from the venipuncture sites in the 25 mg/kg group was observed. Some of the CBC, biochemical profile, and urinalysis values changed following treatment, but clinically significant adverse reactions were not noticed.Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Adequan®) is a heparin analogue with chondroprotective and anticoagulant properties. A single intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan in six healthy adult cats resulted in a transient, dose-dependent increase of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. Minor changes were seen on complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis.
Classification of Fractures of Long Bones in the Dog and Cat: Introduction and Clinical Application
Authors: Unger M. , Montavon P. M. , Heim U. F. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA computer filing system for the classification of fractured long bones in dogs and cats is described. It includes definitions of terms and a method of classification, based on fracture criteria seen on radiographs. This fracture classification was adapted from the AO/ASIF classification in man, to accomodate the special requirements of small animals. The localization and morphology of fractures were characterized with defined conventional terms, in order to assign an alpha-numeric code to each fracture. This coding system may also be used for computer filing of the data. With this classification system, the fractures are ranked in increasing severity and complexity for the various anatomical locations. This provides some prognostic and therapeutic informations. The system was used to code 1038 radiographically documented long bone fractures in dogs and cats. The distribution of fractures, with regard to their localization and morphology, was recorded. The system was easy to apply and proved to be able to supply valuable and reliable data.A computer filing system for the classification of fractured long bones in dogs and cats is described.
Thermographic Evaluation of the Effect of Three Bandage Products and Two Bandage Application Methods on Perfusion of the Equine Distal Extremity
Authors: Kobluk C. N. , Walter Patricia , Trent A. Michelle , Libbey C. , Salazar R. , McCarville Sally 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThermography was used to evaluate the effects of the circulation on the distal equine limb of three wrapping materials (Vetrap® Tape, Equisport™ Equine Support Bandage (ESB) and 1680 denier experimental bandage). The wraps were applied at 100% stretch in a spiral or figure 8 technique. The Vetrap Tape and the ESB applied in a figure 8 technique were not statistically different from the control suggesting no circulatory impairment; however, the ESB and 1680 denier bandage wrapped in a spiral technique had a statistically significant effect suggesting circulatory impairment.Thermography was used to evaluate the effects of the circulation on the distal equine limb of three wrapping materials and two methods of application.