bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brand Perception as Related to Age, Income, and Education
Authors: Munn Henry L. 
Published: December 2018

Are some brands seen by the consumer as really different from all other brands? And are there others which are seen as essentially the same? The author gives the principal results of an exploratory investigation of these questions. The implications for marketing strategy are obvious. The crucial question, of course, is whether different consumers differ significantly in their perceptions of brands within specified product classes.
European Markets and American Business
Authors: Malcuit Stanley V. , Slesinger Reuben E. 
Published: December 2018

More and more illustrations are coming into focus that demonstrate the increasing efficiency of foreign producers compared with American manufacturers. Indeed, foreign competition has become a real threat to the economic and marketing supremacy of American firms in world markets. To meet this challenge, growing numbers of American enterprisers are seeking direct overseas investments. This article throws some light on the possibilities and economic opportunities of such investments in Europe.
Authority and Litugical Formation: About a Reformational Dream, a Complex Set of Relationships, and a Play Worth Playing
Authors: Deeg Alexander 
Published: December 2018

The question of authority interrupts self-evident relationships of liturgical praxis and liturgical formation. It makes visible what otherwise would usually remain hidden. Both implicit actors and hidden power structures become identifiable. The Reformation was, among other things, a movement that became powerful by questioning previously dominant power structures. Liturgically it meant a normative centering of liturgical worship on just two active subjects: God and the community. In any case that is how we can describe the liturgical dream of the reformers to which Luther gave special expression in his 1544 Torgau church-dedication sermon. To be sure, this dream was never a reality at any time. For it was above all the pastor who gained control of the worship service; and from the outset, Evangelical worship was threatened by a horizontalizing of liturgical communication that tented to push, along with the community, even ‘God’ into becoming secondary subjects of the liturgy. Hence it is necessary to paint a more realistic picture of those who play a part in the liturgy. This results in a liturgical pyramid at the horizontal base of which we find pastors, the community, and the ‘Agende’ (ritual/tradition/Church), and whose verticals are constituted by the God-relation. Liturgical praxis takes place in the interplay of these poles, whereby in Evangelical Christianity it is usually the pastor who turns out to be the strong liturgical subject (even today in the context of the “Evangelisches Gottesdienstbuch”, 1999). Hence the question: How can we bring about a strengthening of the authority of the community in the God-community word-exchange of the liturgy? This requires liturgical instruction on at least three levels:
Multilevel Factors Influencing Young Mothers’ Breastfeeding: A Qualitative CBPR Study
Authors: Chopel Alison , Soto Danielle , Joiner Bre’Jaynae , Benitez Tina , Konoff Ruth , Rios Lucy , Castellanos Elva 
Published: December 2018

Background: Young mothers (age 14–24 years), who are often low income, are less likely than other mothers to breastfeed for 6 months. They also are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive forms of breast cancer; breastfeeding significantly reduces this risk. While adolescent breastfeeding has been investigated from the perspective of the individual, the social ecological model recognizes the influence of factors at multiple levels. Research aim: The aim was to identify social and structural barriers to and motivators of breastfeeding that young mothers may encounter. Methods: Using a cross-sectional prospective qualitative design with a community-based participatory research approach, we sought to identify influential factors at each social ecological level: individual, relationship, community, and societal/structural. We used purposeful sampling, and enlisted snowball sampling. We interviewed stakeholder experts ( n = 9) and dyads ( n = 6) consisting of a young mother and her decision-making partner. Groups of young mothers ( n = 6 groups) collectively created community maps while discussing their feelings about infant feeding in different locations. Using collaborative data analysis, we identified themes and categorized barriers and facilitators according to the social ecological levels. Results: Four meta-themes emerged: roles, place, stigma, and support. While some barriers and facilitators were similar to those experienced by mothers of all ages, participants reported multiple overlapping stigmas, requiring more support. Conclusion: Young mothers who decide to breastfeed encounter barriers at multiple levels. Policies and programs aiming to increase breastfeeding rates in this group must address these barriers and enlist identified facilitators.
Managing the Gray Market in the European Union: The Case of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Chaudhry Peggy E. , Walsh Michael G. 
Published: December 2018

The emergence of significant trade blocks, such as the European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement, has established the need for studies on managerial strategies to effectively circumvent gray markets in these regional marketplaces. Therefore, this article reviews the necessary market conditions required to foster gray markets by specifically exploring the regulated price and legal environments of the pharmaceutical industry in the EU. The article addresses the significance of, and relationship between, Articles 30 (promoting the free movement of goods within the EU) and 36 (permitting limits on imports and exports in certain cases) of the EU Treaty. Relevant decisions of the European Court of Justice are summarized and analyzed, with particular emphasis on those applying the Exhaustion of Rights Doctrine established in the 1974 landmark case of Centrafarm v. Sterling Drug. The article also examines the limits that the European courts have placed on the doctrine and suggest possible tactics that may be employed by pharmaceutical managers attempting to curtail the distribution of gray market pharmaceuticals. Also addressed are managerial perceptions regarding gray markets in the EU by means of personal interviews with 13 multinational pharmaceutical firms. Four principal themes emerged in the interviews on the topic of parallel imports: the degree to which a firm's exposure to gray markets varies in the EU; the current consolidation of wholesalers to bolster parallel imports; national governments’ overt or covert condonation of parallel imports to reduce the national drug bill; and the lack of managerial control to prevent gray markets. In this connection, the article concludes with a discussion of various anti-gray marketing strategies to facilitate managerial control in this trade block. In general, the manager must employ strategic links between the regulated price and legal framework governing the pharmaceutical marketing environment in the EU with various anti-gray marketing strategies such as supply interference, product differentiation, and marketing information systems.
Fingerprint pattern of bone mineralisation on cemented and uncemented femoral stems: analysis by [18F]-fluoride-PET in a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Ullmark Gösta , Sörensen Jens , Maripuu Enn , Nilsson Olle 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: We present a randomised clinical study using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-PET/CT) to analyse the osteoblastic part of bone metabolism (new bone mineralisation) in periprosthetic bone adjacent to femoral stems following total hip arthoplasty (THA) surgery. Patients with hip osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to THA surgery with cemented or uncemented femoral components. Patients and methods: THA was performed on 26 patients (26 cases) with hip osteoarthritis. The patients received either an uncemented HA-coated femoral stem or a cemented one. The contralateral healthy femur was used as referent for normal bone metabolism. The patients were analysed with clinical score, radiography and F-PET/CT preoperatively, and postoperatively at 6 weeks and 6 months. After 2 years, clinical score and radiography was analysed again. We used the Polar Map system for analysing and presenting the PET results in 13 regions of interest adjacent to the whole stem. Results: The clinical results were good in all patients; there were no major complications. Radiographically, all stems were stable. PET analyses after 6 weeks showed that bone mineralising activity was significantly higher around the uncemented stems, both compared to the cemented group and to the contralateral healthy reference femur group. The cemented group also had elevated activity but only at a barely significant level. Interpretation: Mineralising activity analysed with F-PET/CT was significantly higher for the uncemented group and also decreased at a slower rate. F-PET/CT is a useful new tool for analysing secondary stabilisation of femoral stems after THA. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01623687).
Un Estudio Piloto del Clima Laboral de las Enfermeras Mexicanas: A Pilot Study of Mexican Nurses’ Work Environments
Authors: Squires Allison , Fletcher Jason , Hidalgo Hortensia Castañeda , Nigenda Gustavo 
Published: December 2018

Introducción: Llevar a cabo un estudio piloto para examinar el clima laboral de las enfermeras en México utilizando un instrumento comparable internacionalmente. Métodos: La versión en español de la Escala de Práctica Ambiental del Índice de Trabajo de las Enfermeras fue el instrumento usado en este investigación. Un estudio piloto transversal de 453 enfermeras mexicanas de seis sitios utilizando técnicas de recolección de datos en papel y en línea. El estudio se realizó entre 2011 y 2013. El análisis de componentes principales analizó la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento traducido. Resultados: El instrumento traducido produjo cinco factores, pero las cargas de los ítems difirieron. Sin embargo, el instrumento fue capaz de identificar áreas problemáticas y no problemáticas del ambiente de trabajo de las enfermeras mexicanas. Conclusiones: La versión en español mexicano del instrumento puede evaluar de manera confiable el ambiente de trabajo hospitalario en México.
Melt Blowing Polyoxymethylene Copolymer
Authors: Zhao Ron (Rongguo) 
Published: December 2018

Polyoxymethylene (POM) copolymer is one of the relatively new, high performance engineering polymers. Its high crystallinity provides this polymer with excellent properties, including great tensile strength and stiffness, high toughness, good resilience, and low surface friction. POM also possesses excellent chemical resistance to a wide range of materials, comparing favorably with many thermoplastic polymers. Fine fibered products of POM may find applications in specialty filtration, such as hydrocarbon fuel filtration, and hydraulic fluid filtration. This paper discusses the melt blowing process for POM with an emphasis on the effects of spinnerette setting on the fiber property. It also discusses the relationship of process/web properties for this specific polymer and compares it with that of PP in terms of processability.
Effects of Remnant Tissue Preservation on Tunnel Enlargement After Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Hamstring Tendon
Authors: Masuda Tetsuro , Kondo Eiji , Onodera Jun , Kitamura Nobuto , Inoue Masayuki , Nakamura Eiichi , Yagi Tomonori , Iwasaki Norimasa , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: December 2018

Background: The effects of remnant tissue preservation on tunnel enlargement after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have not yet been established. Hypothesis: The preservation of ACL remnant tissue may significantly reduce the degree and incidence of tunnel enlargement after anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction, while the remnant-preserving procedure may not significantly increase the incidence of tunnel coalition after surgery. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 79 patients underwent anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction. Based on the Crain classification of ACL remnant tissue, 40 patients underwent the remnant-preserving procedure (group P), and the remaining 39 patients underwent the remnant-resecting procedure (group R). There were no differences between the 2 groups concerning all background factors, including preoperative knee instability and intraoperative tunnel positions. All patients were examined using computed tomography and a standard physical examination at 2 weeks and 1 year after surgery. Results: During surgery, the femoral and tibial anteromedial (AM) tunnel sizes in both groups averaged 6.6 and 6.5 mm, respectively. The femoral and tibial posterolateral (PL) tunnel sizes in both groups averaged 6 and 6 mm, respectively. There were no differences in the intraoperative tunnel positions and tunnel sizes between groups. Concerning the femoral AM tunnel, the degree of tunnel enlargement in the oblique coronal and oblique axial views in group P was significantly less than that in group R ( P = .0068 and .0323, respectively). Regarding the femoral AM tunnel cross-sectional area, the degree and incidence of tunnel enlargement in group P were significantly less than those in group R ( P = .0086 and .0278, respectively). There were no significant differences in tunnel coalition between groups. In each group, there were no significant relationships between tunnel enlargement and each clinical outcome. Conclusion: Remnant preservation in anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction reduced enlargement of the femoral AM tunnel and did not increase the incidence of tunnel coalition. This is one of the advantages of remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction.
Wage subsidies targeted to jobseekers with disabilities: subsequent employment and disability retirement
Authors: Angelov Nikolay , Eliason Marcus 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn many countries, a non-negligible percentage of the working-age population has impairments that also entail reduced work capacity, and disability retirement is increasing. Despite this, studies on the effects of policies aimed at enhancing the labour market inclusion among people with disabilities, such as targeted wage subsidies, are surprisingly few. In an attempt to fill this gap, we have studied how wage subsidies affect future labour market outcomes for jobseekers with disabilities, in terms of employment and disability retirement. By using inverse probability weighting applied to rich Swedish register data, we contrast participants in the wage subsidy program to observably similar non-participants during a 19-year period. We find that participation was associated with both positive and negative labour market outcomes. On the negative side, participants were less likely to have unsubsidised employment. On the positive side, leaving the labour market through the disability insurance program was somewhat less common among participants. Moreover, using a broader employment measure including subsidised jobs, the participants were found to be employed to a larger extent, which could be interpreted either as locking-in effects or as fostering labour market inclusion.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Cisplatin and Etoposide in Combination With Veliparib or Placebo for Extensive-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: ECOG-ACRIN 2511 Study
Authors: Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Sica Gabriel L. , Wagner Lynne I. , Wade James L. , Srkalovic Gordan , Lash Bradley W. , Leach Joseph W. , Leal Ticiana B. , Aggarwal Charu , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose Veliparib, a poly (ADP ribose) polymerase inhibitor, potentiated standard chemotherapy against small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) in preclinical studies. We evaluated the combination of veliparib with cisplatin and etoposide (CE; CE+V) doublet in untreated, extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Materials and Methods Patients with ES-SCLC, stratified by sex and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, were randomly assigned to receive four 3-week cycles of CE (75 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 and 100 mg/m2 on days 1 through 3) along with veliparib (100 mg orally twice per day on days 1 through 7) or placebo (CE+P). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Using an overall one-sided 0.10-level log-rank test, the study had 88% power to demonstrate a 37.5% reduction in the PFS hazard rate. Results A total of 128 eligible patients received treatment on protocol. The median age was 66 years, 52% of patients were men, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 for 29% of patients and 1 for 71%. The respective median PFS for the CE+V arm versus the CE+P arm was 6.1 versus 5.5 months (unstratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.75 [one-sided P = .06]; stratified HR, 0.63 [one-sided P = .01]), favoring CE+V. The median overall survival was 10.3 versus 8.9 months (stratified HR, 0.83; 80% CI, 0.64 to 1.07; one-sided P = .17) for the CE+V and CE+P arms, respectively. The overall response rate was 71.9% versus 65.6% (two-sided P = .57) for CE+V and CE+P, respectively. There was a significant treatment-by-strata interaction in PFS: Male patients with high lactate dehydrogenase levels derived significant benefit (PFS HR, 0.34; 80% CI, 0.22 to 0.51) but there was no evidence of benefit among patients in other strata (PFS HR, 0.81; 80% CI, 0.60 to 1.09). The following grade ≥ 3 hematology toxicities were more frequent in the CE+V arm than the CE+P arm: CD4 lymphopenia (8% v 0%; P = .06) and neutropenia (49% v 32%; P = .08), but treatment delivery was comparable. Conclusion The addition of veliparib to frontline chemotherapy showed signal of efficacy in patients with ES-SCLC and the study met its prespecified end point.
Molecular High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma: Defining a Poor-Risk Group That Requires Different Approaches to Therapy
Authors: Sha Chulin , Barrans Sharon , Cucco Francesco , Bentley Michael A. , Care Matthew A. , Cummin Thomas , Kennedy Hannah , Thompson Joe S. , Uddin Rahman , Worrillow Lisa , Chalkley Rebecca , van Hoppe Moniek , Ahmed Sophia , Maishman Tom , Caddy Josh , Schuh Anna , Mamot Christoph , Burton Catherine , Tooze Reuben , Davies Andrew , Du Ming-Qing , Johnson Peter W.M. , Westhead David R. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose Biologic heterogeneity is a feature of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and the existence of a subgroup with poor prognosis and phenotypic proximity to Burkitt lymphoma is well known. Conventional cytogenetics identifies some patients with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 (double-hit lymphomas) who are increasingly treated with more intensive chemotherapy, but a more biologically coherent and clinically useful definition of this group is required. Patients and Methods We defined a molecular high-grade (MHG) group by applying a gene expression–based classifier to 928 patients with DLBCL from a clinical trial that investigated the addition of bortezomib to standard rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy. The prognostic significance of MHG was compared with existing biomarkers. We performed targeted sequencing of 70 genes in 400 patients and explored molecular pathology using gene expression signature databases. Findings were validated in an independent data set. Results The MHG group comprised 83 patients (9%), with 75 in the cell-of-origin germinal center B-cell-like group. MYC rearranged and double-hit groups were strongly over-represented in MHG but comprised only one half of the total. Gene expression analysis revealed a proliferative phenotype with a relationship to centroblasts. Progression-free survival rate at 36 months after R-CHOP in the MHG group was 37% (95% CI, 24% to 55%) compared with 72% (95% CI, 68% to 77%) for others, and an analysis of treatment effects suggested a possible positive effect of bortezomib. Double-hit lymphomas lacking the MHG signature showed no evidence of worse outcome than other germinal center B-cell-like cases. Conclusion MHG defines a biologically coherent high-grade B-cell lymphoma group with distinct molecular features and clinical outcomes that effectively doubles the size of the poor-prognosis, double-hit group. Patients with MHG may benefit from intensified chemotherapy or novel targeted therapies.
Mortality of Adult Patients With Cancer Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit in Chile: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Panay Sergio , Ruiz Carolina , Abarca Marcelo , Nervi Bruno , Salazar Ignacio , Caro Paulo , Muñiz Sabrina , Briones Juan , Bruhn Alejandro , Mondaca Sebastian 
Published: December 2018

PurposeIncreasing numbers of reports have shown acceptable short-term mortality of patients with cancer admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine the mortality of critically ill patients with cancer admitted to the ICU in a general hospital in Chile.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective cohort trial in which we included all patients with cancer admitted to the ICU between July 2015 and September 2016. Demographic, physiologic, and treatment data were registered, and survival at 30 days and 6 months was evaluated. A prespecified subgroup analysis considering the admission policy was performed. These subgroups were (1) ICU admission for full code management and (2) ICU trial (IT).ResultsDuring the study period, 109 patients with cancer were included. Seventy-nine patients were considered in the full code management group and 30 in the IT. The mean age of patients was 60 years (standard deviation [SD], 15), and 56% were male. Lymphoma was the most frequent malignancy (17%), and 59% had not received cancer treatment because of a recent diagnosis. The mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation and Sequential-Related Organ Failure Assessment scores were 22.2 (SD, 7.3) and 7 (SD, 3), respectively. There were no differences in vasopressor, fluid, or transfusion requirements between subgroups. Lactate levels, Sequential-Related Organ Failure Assessment scores (day 1, 3, and 5), complications, and ICU length of stay were similar. In the entire cohort, 30-day and 6-month mortality was 47% and 66%, respectively. There was no difference in mortality between subgroups according to the admission policy.ConclusionPatients admitted to the ICU in a developing country are at high risk for short-term mortality. However, there is a relevant subgroup that achieves 6-month survival, even among patients who undergo an IT.