bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of the fire behaviour of façade equipped with aluminium composite material‐based claddings—Model validation at intermediate scale
Authors: Dréan Virginie , Girardin Bertrand , Guillaume Eric , Fateh Talal 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIncreasing the energy performance of buildings is a crucial sustainable development objective. However, building features, products, mounting, and fixing of façade components have a large impact on fire safety. Authors in previous study performed façade fire propagation tests according to ISO13785‐1 on different combinations of ACM claddings and insulants.In this paper, simulations are performed to reproduce three of these tests. The model is validated with the aforementioned experimental results, including details in terms of thermal conditions in the system. This allows better understanding of the fire propagation on the overall system. Additional information, such as the relative contribution of the cladding and the insulant, are investigated numerically. The fire behaviour of each component of the overall system is thus validated.Simulations and tests performed show that the ACM cladding is the most important element driving the global fire behaviour of façade types considered. In particular, ACM‐PE–based cladding systems show large fire propagation whatever the insulant.This series of simulations is a part of a larger study including several steps of increasing complexity. Once the model for the fire behaviour of façade system is validated at intermediate scale, larger façade systems will be investigated numerically to evaluate the influence of scaling.
Determination of the protein quality of almonds (Prunus dulcis L.) as assessed by in vitro and in vivo methodologies
Authors: House James D. , Hill Kristen , Neufeld Jason , Franczyk Adam , Nosworthy Matthew G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlmonds (Prunus dulcis), such as all nuts, are positioned within the protein foods grouping within the current U.S. Dietary Guidelines. The ability to make claims related to the protein content of almonds, within the United States, requires substantiation via the use of the Protein Digestibility‐Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS). The present study was designed to provide current estimates of PDCAAS, using both in vivo and in vitro assays, of key almond varietals from the 2017 California harvest. Additionally, historical protein and amino acid composition data on 73 separate analyses, performed from 2000 to 2014, were analyzed. Amino acid analysis confirmed lysine as the first‐limiting amino acid, generating amino acid scores of 0.53, 0.52, 0.49, and 0.56 for Butte, Independence, Monterey, and Nonpareil varietals, respectively. True fecal protein digestibility coefficients ranged from 85.7% to 89.9% yielding PDCAAS values of 44.3–47.8, being highest for Nonpareil. Similar, albeit lower, results were obtained from the in vitro assessment protocol. Analysis of the historical data again positioned lysine as the limiting amino acid and yielded information on the natural variability present within the protein and amino acid profiles of almonds. Comparison of the 2017 AA profile, averaged across almond varietals, to the historical data provided strong evidence of persistence of amino acid composition and indices of protein quality over time.
Study on the shelf life and quality characteristics of highland barley fresh noodles as affected by microwave treatment and food preservatives
Authors: Tuersuntuoheti Tuohetisayipu , Wang Zhenhua , Zheng Yanyan , Wang Shuai , Wang Ziyuan , Wu Yan , Liang Shan , Li Xinping , Zhang Min 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work, the effect of microwave (MW), ε‐poly‐L‐lysine (ε‐PL), calcium propionate (CP), and their combinations on the shelf life and quality characteristics of highland barley fresh noodle (HBFN) was studied. Firstly, the mixed flour was treated by MW (800 W) for different time. Subsequently, HBFN was prepared by mixing flour and sterilized water with addition of 0.04% ε‐PL combined with different concentrations of CP (0.025%, 0.020%, 0.015%) and stored at 25 ± 1°C. Changes of total plate count (TPC), moisture content, water state, textural properties, color, and pH in HBFN were monitored during storage. The results indicated that microwave treatment (40 s) provided 30% reduction of initial TPC of the flour without decline of noodle quality. Shelf life of HBFN treated with MW + ε‐PL (0.04%) + CP (0.02%/0.025%) reached 80 and 88 hr, respectively, and had good edible qualities during storage.
Sensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum
Authors: Ashida Reiko , Cerminara Nadia L. , Edwards Richard J. , Apps Richard , Brooks Jonathan C. W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cerebellum is involved in a wide range of behaviours. A key organisational principle from animal studies is that somatotopically corresponding sensory input and motor output reside in the same cerebellar cortical areas. However, compelling evidence for a similar arrangement in humans and whether it extends to cognitive functions is lacking. To address this, we applied cerebellar optimised whole‐brain functional MRI in 20 healthy subjects. To assess spatial overlap within the sensorimotor and cognitive domains, we recorded activity to a sensory stimulus (vibrotactile) and a motor task; the Sternberg verbal working memory (VWM) task; and a verb generation paradigm. Consistent with animal data, sensory and motor activity overlapped with a somatotopic arrangement in ipsilateral areas of the anterior and posterior cerebellum. During the maintenance phase of the Sternberg task, a positive linear relationship between VWM load and activity was observed in right Lobule VI, extending into Crus I bilaterally. Articulatory movement gave rise to bilateral activity in medial Lobule VI. A conjunction of two independent language tasks localised activity during verb generation in right Lobule VI‐Crus I, which overlapped with activity during VWM. These results demonstrate spatial compartmentalisation of sensorimotor and cognitive function in the human cerebellum, with each area involved in more than one aspect of a given behaviour, consistent with an integrative function. Sensorimotor localisation was uniform across individuals, but the representation of cognitive tasks was more variable, highlighting the importance of individual scans for mapping higher order functions within the cerebellum.
Disrupted brain functional networks in drug‐naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder assessed using graph theory analysis
Authors: Chen Ying , Huang Xiaoqi , Wu Min , Li Kaiming , Hu Xinyu , Jiang Ping , Chen Lizhou , He Ning , Dai Jing , Wang Song , He Manxi , Guo Lanting , Sweeney John A. , Gong Qiyong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have revealed functional brain network abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the results have been inconsistent, potentially related to confounding medication effects. Furthermore, specific topological alterations in functional networks and their role in behavioral inhibition dysfunction remain to be established. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 51 drug‐naïve children with ADHD and 55 age‐matched healthy controls. Brain functional networks were constructed by thresholding the partial correlation matrices of 90 brain regions, and graph theory was used to analyze network topological properties. The Stroop test was used to assess cognitive inhibitory abilities. Nonparametric permutation tests were used to compare the topological architectures in the two groups. Compared with healthy subjects, brain networks in ADHD patients demonstrated altered topological characteristics, including lower global (FDR q = 0.01) and local efficiency (p = 0.032, uncorrected) and a longer path length (FDR q = 0.01). Lower nodal efficiencies were found in the left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex in the ADHD group (FDR both q < 0.05). Altered global and nodal topological efficiencies were associated with the severity of inhibitory cognitive control deficits and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD (p <0 .05). Alterations in network topologies in drug‐naïve ADHD patients indicate weaker small‐worldization with decreased segregation and integration of functional brain networks. Deficits in the cingulo‐fronto‐parietal attention network were associated with inhibitory control deficits.
Electronic medical records and medical procedure choice: Evidence from cesarean sections
Authors: Freedman Seth , Hammarlund Noah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines how hospital adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) impacts medical procedure choice in the context of cesarean section deliveries. It provides a unique contribution by tying the literature on EMR diffusion to the literature on the utilization of expensive medical technology and provider practice style. Exploiting within‐hospital variation in three types of EMR adoption, we find that computerized physician order entry, an advanced EMR system that typically incorporates decision support, reduces C‐section rates for low‐risk mothers by 2.5%. Obstetric‐specific EMR systems and physician documentation have no statistically significant effect on C‐section rates. In addition, we find that the computerized practitioner order entry effect occurs predominantly in hospitals that were already performing fewer C‐sections and does not change the behavior of already high‐intensity providers.
Nitrate subsurface transport and losses in response to its initial distributions in sloped soils: An experimental and modelling study
Authors: Xie Meixiang , Šimůnek Jirka , Zhang Zhanyu , Zhang Pingcang , Xu Jinxin , Lin Qingming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransport and losses of nitrate from sloped soils are closely linked to nitrogen fertilizer management. Previous studies have always focused on different types of fertilizer applications and rarely analysed various initial nitrate distributions as a result of nitrogen fertilizer applications. Under certain conditions, both subsurface lateral saturated flow and vertical leaching dominate nitrate losses. Soil tank experiments and HYDRUS‐2D modelling were used to better understand the subsurface nitrate transport and losses through lateral saturated flow and vertical leaching under various initial nitrate distributions. Low (L: 180 mg L−1), normal (N: 350 mg L−1), and high (H: 500 mg L−1) nitrate concentrations were used in five different distributions (NNNN, NLLN, LHHL, LNLN, and HNHN) along the slope of the tank. The first two treatments (NNNN and NLLN) were analysed both experimentally and numerically. Experiments were conducted under 12 rainfall events at intervals of 3 days. The HYDRUS‐2D model was calibrated and validated against the experimental data and demonstrated good model performance. The other three treatments (LHHL, LNLN, and HNHN) were investigated using the calibrated model. Nitrate concentrations in purple sloped soils declined exponentially with time under intermittent rainfalls, predominantly in the upper soil layers. Non‐uniform initial nitrate distributions contributed to larger differences between four locations along the slope in deeper soil layers. The non‐uniform nitrate distribution either enhanced or reduced decreases in nitrate concentrations in areas with higher or lower initial nitrate concentrations, respectively. Higher nitrate concentrations at the slope foot and along the slope were reduced mainly by lateral flow and vertical leaching, respectively. Increasing nitrogen application rates increased subsurface nitrate losses. Mean subsurface lateral nitrate fluxes were twice as large as mean vertical leaching nitrate fluxes. However, due to longer leaching durations, total nitrate losses due to vertical leaching were comparable with those due to lateral flow, which indicated comparable environmental risks to surface waters and groundwater.
Treasuries variance decomposition and the impact of monetary policy
Authors: Kontonikas Alexandros , Nolan Charles , Zekaite Zivile , Lamla Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of monetary policy shifts on Treasuries over the last three decades. We decompose unexpected excess returns on 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year Treasuries in three components related to revisions in expectations (news) about future excess returns, inflation, and real interest rates. We evaluate the impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policy shocks on returns and their components. Our results indicate that expansionary monetary policy shocks are associated with declining inflation expectations and higher Treasuries' returns.
Crystal structure of the flagellin protein FlaG from Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Tsai Jia‐Yin , Yeh Yi‐Hung , Lin Lun‐Der , Sun Yuh‐Ju , Hsiao Chwan‐Deng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlagella, comprising flagellin proteins, are essential virulence factors for Helicobacter pylori to colonize human stomach mucosa. The flagellin‐associated flaG operon of H. pylori consists of the flaG, fliD, and fliS genes under the control of a σ28‐dependent promoter. The flaG gene is involved in chemotaxis and motility. We cloned, expressed, and purified the H. pylori flaG gene encoding the flagellin protein HpFlaG. Sequence alignment revealed that HpFlaG exhibits low sequence identity with other FlaG proteins. Overall, N‐terminal sequences of FlaG proteins are mostly divergent, and C‐terminal regions might be important for dimer interactions between protein subunits. Here, we report the crystal structure of the N‐terminal truncated protein (NT‐HpFlaG), as determined by multiwavelength anomalous dispersion at a resolution of 2.7 å. The overall structure of NT‐HpFlaG consists of two helices and three strands, folded into a palm‐like conformation. Two monomers strongly interact as a dimer by hydrophobic coiled‐coil interactions. Based on our structure, we suggest that the functional state of HpFlaG is as a dimer.
Relationships of protein biomarkers of the urokinase plasminogen activator system with expression of their cognate genes in primary breast carcinomas
Authors: Sereff Seth B. , Daniels Michael W. , Wittliff James L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgrounduPA, its receptor uPAR, and inhibitors PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 play key roles in membrane remodeling/invasion and in predicting response to chemotherapy. We identified novel relationships of these biomarkers with ER/PR that indicate clinical utility for assessing breast carcinoma outcomes.MethodsRetrospective studies were performed with de‐identified results of (a) uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1; (b) estrogen (ER) and progestin receptor (PR); and (c) clinical outcomes. Relative expression of 22 000 genes from microarray of RNA from LCM‐procured breast cancer cells was used with R Studio version 3.4.1.ResultsPrimary ER/PR status was related to uPA, uPAR, or PAI‐1 levels. ER− or PR− cancers expressed elevateduPA,uPAR, andPAI2mRNA compared to ER+ or PR+ cells. Inverse relationships between ER/PR protein and expression ofuPA,uPAR, andPAI‐2were observed, whereas HER2 status was unrelated. qPCR analyses showedRERGandNQO‐1expressions were elevated in uPA− lesions, whileCD34andEDG‐1were elevated in uPAR− cancers.ERBB4was overexpressed in PAI‐1+ carcinomas. Cox regression analyses revealed relationships of ER/PR status and uPA system members with regard to clinical outcomes of breast cancer.ConclusionsuPA, uPAR, PAI1, orPAI2expression was increased in either ER− or PR− cancers similar to that of protein content in ER−/PR− carcinomas, suggesting sex hormones regulate the uPA system in breast cancer. Results revealed protein content of uPA system members was related to ER/PR status of primary lesions. Use of LCM‐procured carcinoma cells uncovered relationships between expression of known cancer−associated genes and protein content of uPA system members. Collectively, results indicate evaluation of ER and PR protein of primary breast cancers combined with analyses of uPA, uPAR, and PAI‐1 protein content improves assessment of clinical outcomes.
Establishing the minimum clinically important difference for the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24)
Authors: Thomas Charlene , McAllister Marion 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo establish the smallest change in genetic counseling outcome that is meaningful for patients, the aim of this study was to establish the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID) for the Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24). GCOS‐24 is a patient‐reported outcome measure for clinical genetics services. Secondary aims included understanding what patients deem important for reaching this score. Participants were 74 new patients recruited from the All Wales Medical Genetics Service, between April 2016 and December 2016. An anchor‐based, global transition question methodology was used to identify the MCID, by asking participants how much meaningful change they experienced following their genetics appointment, and comparing this with GCOS‐24 change scores. This ensured that the established score was clinically meaningful to patients. Comments from a free text response box were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis. The mean score of the group who felt “a little better” was determined to be the MCID. The MCID was established to be a GCOS‐24 score increase of 10.3 points after a clinical genetics appointment. This score was significantly different from the group “neutral” (0.64 points), using an independent samples t test. Themes identified as important for reaching the MCID included “future and family”. These findings contribute to interpretability of GCOS‐24 and provide some useful insights for genetic counseling service development.
Synthesis and In Vitro Urease Inhibition of Some Novel Benzimidazole‐based Hydrazones
Authors: Menteşe Emre , Sökmen Bahar Bilgin 
Published: July 2019

A novel series of N′‐(substituted benzylidene)‐2‐(5,6‐dichloro‐2‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl)acetohydrazides and N′‐(1‐(substituted phenyl)ethylidene)‐2‐(5,6‐dichloro‐2‐methyl‐1H‐benzimidazol‐1‐yl)acetohydrazides were synthesized and then studied for their urease inhibitory activities using thiourea as a standard drug. All newly synthesized compounds were found to exhibit potent inhibitory properties against urease enzyme in the range of IC50 = 0.0155 ± 0.0039–0.0602 ± 0.0071 μM, when compared with the thiourea as standard (IC50 = 0.5115 ± 0.0233 μM). All target molecules were characterized by 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, IR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Discovery of Novel Sulfonamide‐Based 5‐Arylidenerhodanines as Effective Carbonic Anhydrase (II) Inhibitors: Microwave‐Assisted and Ultrasound‐Assisted One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Anti‐CA II Screening Studies
Authors: Mermer Arif , Demirbas Neslihan , Cakmak Ummuhan , Colak Ahmet , Demirbas Ahmet , Alagumuthu Manikandan , Arumugam Sivakumar 
Published: July 2019

The synthesis of N‐substituted‐5‐arylidenerhodanines was carried out by the optimized one‐pot sequential four‐component procedure with the condensation between 4‐aminobenzenesulfonamide, suitable aldehyde, ethyl bromoacetate, and carbon disulfide. In addition to traditional method, microwave‐irradiated and ultrasound‐irradiated techniques were implemented in water at ambitious conditions, and the target compounds were obtained in high yields and purity without purification methods. The enzyme inhibition activity of newly synthesized compounds on carbonic anhydrase (II) was also evaluated. The reference inhibitor molecule was sulfanilamide, the IC50 value of which was 3.5 μM. It was also found that the IC50 values of all examined molecules were in nanomolar level and much smaller than those of sulfanilamide. The inhibition between 93.5 and 99.6% was observed in the presence of new compounds synthesized in the present study at the accessible maximum concentration in the reaction mixtures. 5j, among the tested compounds possessing the lowest IC50 value, was found to be the most potent carbonic anhydrase (II) inhibitor.
Ginkgo biloba extract may alleviate viral myocarditis by suppression of S100A4 and MMP‐3
Authors: Wang Wei , Ma Ke , Liu Jiangtao , Li Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractViral myocarditis (VMC) is an inflammatory cardiac disease caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) that leads to heart failure or sudden death. However, efficient therapeutic strategies for VMC remain lacking. Ginkgo biloba extract was previously demonstrated to have anti‐inflammatory activity and had been used in prevention and therapy of some cardiovascular diseases (ie myocardial infarction), indicating Ginkgo biloba extract may be a potential drug for the treatment of VMC. This study was, for the first time, to investigate the intervention effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on VMC model mice and explore its potential mechanisms. As a result, VMC mice model was successfully established by CVB3 infection, exhibiting significantly higher viral titer, serum creatine kinase isoenzyme level, heart weight/body weight ratio, histopathologic scores, collagen volume fraction (CVF), and significantly increased expression of S100A4 and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) at protein and messenger RNA levels compared with the control group. Also, the expression of S100A4 and MMP‐3/CVF was positively correlated. Ginkgo biloba extract treatment significantly reversed the trend in all the above parameters. Thus, Ginkgo biloba extract may be a promising therapeutic approach against VMC because it improved myocardial injury and alleviated the degree of myocardial fibrosis through suppression of S100A4 and MMP‐3.
Root coverage procedures for treating single and multiple recession‐type defects: An updated Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Ortega Maria Aparecida Salinas , Sukekava Flávia , Rotundo Roberto , Kalemaj Zamira , Buti Jacopo , Prato Giovan Paolo Pini 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis updated Cochrane systematic review (SR) evaluated the efficacy of different root coverage (RC) procedures in the treatment of single and multiple gingival recessions (GR).MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only of at least 6 months’ duration evaluating Miller's Class I or II GR (≥3 mm) treated by means of RC procedures. Five databases were searched up to January 16, 2018. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted thoroughly.ResultsWe included 48 RCTs in the SR. The results indicated a greater GR reduction for subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) + coronally advanced flap (CAF) compared to guided tissue regeneration with resorbable membranes (GTR rm) + CAF (mean difference [MD]: −0.37 mm). There was insufficient evidence of a difference in GR reduction between acellular dermal matrix grafts (ADMG) + CAF and SCTG + CAF or between enamel matrix derivative (EMD) + CAF and SCTG + CAF. Greater gains in the keratinized tissue width (KTW) were found for SCTG + CAF when compared to EMD + CAF (MD: −1.06 mm), and SCTG + CAF when compared to GTR rm + CAF (MD: −1.77 mm). There was insufficient evidence of a difference in KTW gain between ADMG + CAF and SCTG + CAF.ConclusionsSCTG, CAF alone or associated with another biomaterial may be used for treating single or multiple GR. There is also some evidence suggesting that ADMG appear as the soft tissue substitute that may provide the most similar outcomes to those achieved by SCTG.