bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Quality of Food Supplements for Children from 6 to 59 Months Proposed to the Dietary Service of Regional Hospital of Daloa (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Avit Maxwell Beugré Grah , Valery Niaba Koffi Pierre , Marie-Michel Combo Agnan , Binjamin Yao N’zué , Dago Gnakri 
Published: June 2019

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of the infant flours offered to mothers received in the dietary service of the CHR of Daloa.
Introduction: Ivory Coast’s membership in Scaling up Nutrition (SUN) is a momentum in a collective effort to improve the nutrition and nutritional status of the population.
Method : For this purpose, analyses of biochemical compositions, in particular the levels of protein, fat and minerals in the proposed infant flours, were carried out.
Results: The formulations of the flours proposed have high nutritional values. The protein content of compound flours increases proportionally with the amount of soy incorporated. Indeed, for FC2 and FC3 formulations, these contents are 17.12 ± 0.19 g / 100 g (FC3) and 17.50 ± 0.56 g / 100 g (FC2) with a rate of incorporation of 25% soy. In addition, the FC1 flour formulation enriched with peanuts is low in protein with a value of 8.69 ± 0.11 g / 100 g. These flours also had mineral contents in accordance with WHO standards of calcium (> 125 mg / kg), iron (> 4 mg / kg) and zinc (> 0.8 mg / kg). In addition these formulations are highly digestible.
Conclusion: However, to use the proposed meal formulations as food for malnutrition, it would necessarily be necessary to supplement them with available local fruits and vegetables, rich in vitamins and minerals.
Synergistic Pharmacological Effect of Leaf Extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis on Chloramphenicol - Induced Anaemia in Wistar Rats
Authors: Chukwuemeka Nweje- Anyalowu Paul , Aniemeka Anyalogbu Ernest Anayochukwu , Adejoh Idakwoji Precious , Mark-Maria Agatemor Uzuazokaro , Ikechukwu Uroko Robert 
Published: June 2019

Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Telfeira occidentalis (TOAE) administered separately and to establish a possible synergistic interaction when administered concurrently to chloramphenicol- induced anaemic rats.
Materials and Methods: Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Five (5) non- anaemic rats and Twenty (20) anaemic rats were used in this study. The non – anaemic rats served as non- anaemic control and received 1ml dist. H2O. The 25 anaemic rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each (groups 2- 6). Group 2 served as anaemic control and received 1 ml dist. H2O, group 3 served as positive control (reference drug) and received ferrous gluconate (900 mg/kg) while groups 4- 6 received FEAE (200 mg/kg), TOAE (200 mg/kg) and FEAE (100 mg/kg) + TOAE (100 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count.
Results: Chloramphenicol induced a significant decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis produced significant increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly more than either of the extract administered alone.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis show synergistic effect when co-administered. This could be useful in the management of anaemia.
Inkjet Printing of Latex‐Based High‐Energy Microcapacitors
Authors: Torres‐Canas Fernando , Yuan Jinkai , Ly Isabelle , Neri Wilfrid , Colin Annie , Poulin Philippe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicroenergy storage devices are appealing and highly demanded for diverse miniaturized electronic devices, ranging from microelectromechanical system, robotics, to sensing microsystems and wearable electronics. However, making high‐energy microcapacitors with currently available printing technologies remains challenging. Herein, the possibility to use latex polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as aqueous ink for making dielectric capacitors at the microscale is shown. The dielectric properties of printed microcapacitors can be optimized based on a novel approach, i.e., mixing PVDF latex with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to realize dielectric organic nanocomposites. The PVA prevents the coalescence of PVDF nanoparticles and serves as a continuous matrix phase with high dielectric breakdown strength. While the well‐dispersed PVDF nanoparticles serve as highly polarizable and isolated domains, providing large electric displacement under high fields. Consequently, a high discharged energy density of 12 J cm−3 is achieved at 550 MV m−1. These printed microcapacitors demonstrate mechanical robustness and dielectric stability over time.
Sulfur‐Grafted Hollow Carbon Spheres for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ding Jia , Zhang Hanlei , Zhou Hui , Feng Jun , Zheng Xuerong , Zhong Cheng , Paek Eunsu , Hu Wenbin , Mitlin David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSulfur‐rich carbons are minimally explored for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). Here, a large amount of S (38 wt%) is chemically incorporated into a carbon host, creating sulfur‐grafted hollow carbon spheres (SHCS) for KIB anodes. The SHCS architecture provides a combination of nanoscale (≈40 nm) diffusion distances and CS chemical bonding to minimize cycling capacity decay and Coulombic efficiency (CE) loss. The SHCS exhibit a reversible capacity of 581 mAh g−1 (at 0.025 A g−1), which is the highest reversible capacity reported for any carbon‐based KIB anode. Electrochemical analysis of S‐free carbon spheres baseline demonstrates that both the carbon matrix and the sulfur species are highly electrochemically active. SHCS also show excellent rate capability, achieving 202, 160, and 110 mAh g−1 at 1.5, 3, and 5 A g−1, respectively. The electrode maintains 93% of the capacity from the 5th to 1000th cycle at 3 A g−1, with steady‐state CE being near 100%. Raman analysis indicates reversible breakage of CS and SS bonds upon potassiation to 0.01 V versus K/K+. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) analysis provides voltage‐dependent K+ diffusion coefficients that range from 10−10 to 10−12 cm2 s−1 upon potassiation and depotassiation, with approximately five times higher coefficient for the former.
Joint Charge Storage for High‐Rate Aqueous Zinc–Manganese Dioxide Batteries
Authors: Jin Yan , Zou Lianfeng , Liu Lili , Engelhard Mark H. , Patel Rajankumar L. , Nie Zimin , Han Kee Sung , Shao Yuyan , Wang Chongmin , Zhu Jia , Pan Huilin , Liu Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAqueous rechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide batteries show great promise for large‐scale energy storage due to their use of environmentally friendly, abundant, and rechargeable Zn metal anodes and MnO2 cathodes. In the literature various intercalation and conversion reaction mechanisms in MnO2 have been reported, but it is not clear how these mechanisms can be simultaneously manipulated to improve the charge storage and transport properties. A systematical study to understand the charge storage mechanisms in a layered δ‐MnO2 cathode is reported. An electrolyte‐dependent reaction mechanism in δ‐MnO2 is identified. Nondiffusion controlled Zn2+ intercalation in bulky δ‐MnO2 and control of H+ conversion reaction pathways over a wide C‐rate charge–discharge range facilitate high rate performance of the δ‐MnO2 cathode without sacrificing the energy density in optimal electrolytes. The Zn‐δ‐MnO2 system delivers a discharge capacity of 136.9 mAh g−1 at 20 C and capacity retention of 93% over 4000 cycles with this joint charge storage mechanism. This study opens a new gateway for the design of high‐rate electrode materials by manipulating the effective redox reactions in electrode materials for rechargeable batteries.
Atomic‐Level Customization of 4 in. Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Multilayer Alloys for Industrial Applications
Authors: Lim Yi Rang , Han Jin Kyu , Yoon Yeoheung , Lee Jae‐Bok , Jeon Cheolho , Choi Min , Chang Hyunju , Park Noejung , Kim Jung Hwa , Lee Zonghoon , Song Wooseok , Myung Sung , Lee Sun Sook , An Ki‐Seok , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Lim Jongsun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite many encouraging properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), a central challenge in the realm of industrial applications based on TMD materials is to connect the large‐scale synthesis and reproducible production of highly crystalline TMD materials. Here, the primary aim is to resolve simultaneously the two inversely related issues through the synthesis of MoS2(1−x
)Se2x
ternary alloys with customizable bichalcogen atomic (S and Se) ratio via atomic‐level substitution combined with a solution‐based large‐area compatible approach. The relative concentration of bichalcogen atoms in the 2D alloy can be effectively modulated by altering the selenization temperature, resulting in 4 in. scale production of MoS1.62Se0.38, MoS1.37Se0.63, MoS1.15Se0.85, and MoS0.46Se1.54 alloys, as well as MoS2 and MoSe2. Comprehensive spectroscopic evaluations for vertical and lateral homogeneity in terms of heteroatom distribution in the large‐scale 2D TMD alloys are implemented. Se‐stimulated strain effects and a detailed mechanism for the Se substitution in the MoS2 crystal are further explored. Finally, the capability of the 2D alloy for industrial application in nanophotonic devices and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is validated. Substantial enhancements in the optoelectronic and HER performances of the 2D ternary alloy compared with those of its binary counterparts, including pure‐phase MoS2 and MoSe2, are unambiguously achieved.
High‐Lithium‐Affinity Chemically Exfoliated 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Chen Xiudong , Li Yusen , Wang Liang , Xu Yi , Nie Anmin , Li Qianqian , Wu Fan , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Xiang , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Chen Long , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) with reversible redox behaviors are potential electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the sluggish lithium diffusion kinetics, poor electronic conductivity, low reversible capacities, and poor rate performance for most reported COF materials limit their further application. Herein, a new 2D COF (TFPB‐COF) with six unsaturated benzene rings per repeating unit and ordered mesoporous pores (≈2.1 nm) is designed. A chemical stripping strategy is developed to obtain exfoliated few‐layered COF nanosheets (E‐TFPB‐COF), whose restacking is prevented by the in situ formed MnO2 nanoparticles. Compared with the bulk TFPB‐COF, the exfoliated TFPB‐COF exhibits new active Li‐storage sites associated with conjugated aromatic π electrons by facilitating faster ion/electron kinetics. The E‐TFPB‐COF/MnO2 and E‐TFPB‐COF electrodes exhibit large reversible capacities of 1359 and 968 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles with good high‐rate capability.
Single‐Junction Polymer Solar Cells with 16.35% Efficiency Enabled by a Platinum(II) Complexation Strategy
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Feng Kui , Bi Zhaozhao , Ma Wei , Zhang Guangjun , Peng Qiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new strategy of platinum(II) complexation is developed to regulate the crystallinity and molecular packing of polynitrogen heterocyclic polymers, optimize the morphology of the active blends, and improve the efficiency of the resulting nonfullerene polymer solar cells (NF‐PSCs). The newly designed s‐tetrazine (s‐TZ)‐containing copolymer of PSFTZ (4,8‐bis(5‐((2‐butyloctyl)thio)‐4‐fluorothiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐3,6‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine) has a strong aggregation property, which results in serious phase separation and large domains when blending with Y6 ((2,2′‐((2Z,2′Z)‐((12,13‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3,9‐diundecyl‐12,13‐dihydro‐[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4‐e]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2‐g]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2‐b]indole‐2,10‐diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6‐difluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐indene‐2,1‐diylidene))dimalononitrile)), and produces a power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.03%. By adding small amount of Pt(Ph)2(DMSO)2 (Ph, phenyl and DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide), platinum(II) complexation would occur between Pt(Ph)2(DMSO)2 and PSFTZ. The bulky benzene ring on the platinum(II) complex increases the steric hindrance along the polymer main chain, inhibits the polymer aggregation strength, regulates the phase separation, optimizes the morphology, and thus improves the efficiency to 16.35% in the resulting devices. 16.35% is the highest efficiency for single‐junction PSCs reported so far.
Modulating Epitaxial Atomic Structure of Antimonene through Interface Design
Authors: Niu Tianchao , Zhou Wenhan , Zhou Dechun , Hu Xuemin , Zhang Shengli , Zhang Kan , Zhou Miao , Fuchs Harald , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntimonene, a new semiconductor with fundamental bandgap and desirable stability, has been experimentally realized recently. However, epitaxial growth of wafer‐scale single‐crystalline monolayer antimonene preserving its buckled configuration remains a daunting challenge. Here, Cu(111) and Cu(110) are chosen as the substrates to fabricate high‐quality, single‐crystalline antimonene via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Surface alloys form spontaneously after the deposition and postannealing of Sb on two substrates that show threefold and twofold symmetry with different lattice constants. Increasing the coverage leads to the epitaxial growth of two atomic types of antimonene, both exhibiting a hexagonal lattice but with significant difference in lattice constants, which are observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements reveal the strain‐induced tunable bandgap, in agreement with the first‐principles calculations. The results show that epitaxial growth of antimonene on different substrates allow the electronic properties of these films to be tuned by substrate‐induced strain and stress.
High Moisture Barrier with Synergistic Combination of SiOx and Polyelectrolyte Nanolayers
Authors: Qin Shuang , Xiang Sisi , Eberle Bailey , Xie Kelvin , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe lifespan of most organic electronics, and many types of food, depend on the oxygen and moisture barrier of the packaging materials. Despite exhibiting excellent oxygen barrier and being relatively easy to produce, polyelectrolyte multilayer nanocoatings (PEM) show limited moisture barrier. SiOx thin films can exhibit good moisture barrier, but rigidity that leads to cracking is a challenge for flexible packaging. In this work, layer‐by‐layer assembled PEM coatings are paired with inorganic SiOx to form a three‐layer sandwich‐type moisture barrier. The barrier property of this organic/inorganic/organic structure is an order of magnitude better than any individual component or other combination thereof. This behavior is attributed to the underlying PEM layer smoothing the substrate surface and the top PEM layer eliminating defects in the underlying SiOx. This study provides a new twist in the development of flexible films with exceptional moisture barrier.
Spintronics of Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskites: Miraculous Basis of Integrated Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Liao Kun , Hu Xiaoyong , Cheng Yinke , Yu Zhongcheng , Xue Yuxuan , Chen Ye , Gong Qihuang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOP) spintronics aims to make full use of the properties of electron spin. HOP spintronics has recently emerged as a promising field of research because it provides a new precisely manipulable degree of freedom. The flourishing development activity in this field has benefited from the unique intrinsic spin‐related optoelectronic properties of HOPs, which include triplet formation, a large Stark effect, the magneto‐optical effect, polarized light‐related effects, and complex light emission characteristics, which offer the possibility of providing a new way to control the performance of integrated optoelectronic devices through spin interactions between photons and electrons. Along with the continuous improvements in the theoretical research into HOP spintronics, large numbers of novel optoelectronic devices have been proposed and demonstrated experimentally and have shown great potential for fabrication of next‐generation, high‐performance integrated optoelectronic chips. This review provides an overview of the fundamental principles, novel spin‐generated physical effects, and diverse structures of HOP spintronics systems, along with the applications of HOP spintronics in optoelectronic devices, while also undertaking a general review of the remaining challenges and proposing possible development directions that require further study for the application of HOP spintronics to integrated optoelectronic devices.
Continuous‐Wave Pumped Perovskite Lasers
Authors: Mi Yang , Zhong Yangguang , Zhang Qing , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContinuous‐wave (CW) operated lasers are regarded as a stepping stone to the development of electrically driven lasers and crucial for practical application in high‐density integrated optoelectronic devices. Recently, metallic halide perovskites are demonstrated as excellent gain materials for CW lasers owing to their large optical absorption coefficient, low defect density, long diffusion length, and suppressed Auger recombination rate. Here, the latest research advances on CW pumped perovskite lasers are reviewed. First, the recent research advances on CW lasing in perovskite thin film are highlighted. Then, CW lasing in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanowires is briefly introduced. The comparison of lasing thresholds in CW perovskite lasers is made and discussed. Finally, the importance of such perovskite CW lasers is emphasized, while a perspective on the potential opportunities and remaining challenges of perovskite‐based CW lasers is proposed.
Electronic Devices and Circuits Based on Wafer‐Scale Polycrystalline Monolayer MoS2 by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Wang Lin , Chen Li , Wong Swee Liang , Huang Xin , Liao Wugang , Zhu Chunxiang , Lim Yee‐Fun , Li Dabing , Liu Xinke , Chi Dongzhi , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2D layered materials such as graphene and transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation nanoelectronic applications due to their atomically thin thicknesses and unique electronic properties. Among TMDCs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been extensively investigated as a channel material for field‐effect transistor (FET) and circuit realization. However, to date most reported works have been limited to exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets primarily due to the difficulty in synthesizing large‐area and high‐quality MoS2 thin film. A demonstration of wafer‐scale monolayer MoS2 synthesis is reported by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), enabling transistors, memristive memories, and integrated circuits to be realized simultaneously. Specifically, building on top‐gated FETs with a high‐κ gate dielectric (HfO2), Boolean logic circuits including inverters and NAND gates are successfully demonstrated using direct‐coupled FET logic technology, with typical inverters exhibiting a high voltage gain of 16, a large total noise margin of 0.72 VDD at VDD = 3 V, and perfect logic‐level matching. Additionally, resistive switching is demonstrated in a MoS2‐based memristor, indicating that they have great potential for the development of resistive random‐access memory. By virtue of scalable CVD growth capability, the way toward practical and large‐scale electronic applications of MoS2 is indicated.
Within‐plant heterogeneity in fecundity and herbivory induced by localizedDNAhypomethylation in the perennial herbHelleborus foetidus
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. , Medrano Mónica , Pérez Ricardo , Bazaga Pilar , Alonso Conchita 
Published: June 2019

PremisePhenotypic heterogeneity of reiterated, homologous structures produced by individual plants has ecological consequences for plants and their animal consumers. This paper examines experimentally the epigenetic mosaicism hypothesis, which postulates that within‐plant variation in traits of reiterated structures may partly arise from different parts of the same genetic individual differing in patterns or extent of genomicDNAmethylation.MethodsLeaves of paired ramets borne by field‐growingHelleborus foetidusplants were infiltrated periodically over the entire flowering period with either a water solution of the demethylating agent zebularine or just water as the control. The effects of the zebularine treatment were assessed by quantifying genome‐wideDNAcytosine methylation in leaves and monitoring inflorescence growth and flower production, number of ovules per flower, pollination success, fruit set, seed set, seed size, and distribution of sap‐feeding insects.ResultsGenomicDNAfrom leaves in zebularine‐treated ramets was significantly less methylated thanDNAfrom leaves in control ones. Inflorescences in treated ramets grew smaller and produced fewer flowers, with fewer ovules and lower follicle and seed set, but did not differ from inflorescences in untreated ramets in pollination success or seed size. The zebularine treatment influenced the within‐plant distribution of sap‐feeding insects.ConclusionsExperimental manipulation of genomicDNAmethylation level in leaves of wild‐growingH. foetidusplants induced considerable within‐plant heterogeneity in phenotypic (inflorescences, flowers, fecundity) and ecologically relevant traits (herbivore distribution), which supports the hypothesis that epigenetic mosaicism may partly account for within‐plant variation.
Target Identification of a 1,3,4‐Oxadiazin‐5(6H)‐One Anticancer Agent via Photoaffinity Labelling
Authors: Lim Bumhee , Lee Jinah , Kim Byungjin , Lee Rang , Park Jaehyun , Oh Dong‐Chan , Gam Jongsik , Lee Jeeyeon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRational design and synthetic feasibility are critical factors for the photoaffinity labelling (PAL) approach, which can identify protein targets of bioactive small molecules under native cellular conditions. In this study, we developed photoaffinity labelling probes derived from 1,3,4‐oxadiazin‐5(6H)‐ones (OPALs) for LL‐2003, a previously reported potential anticancer agent against IGF‐1R and Src. Our photoaffinity labelling strategy enabled successful photo‐crosslinking of the probes (OPAL‐6 and OPAL‐8) with the target proteins in both mammalian cell lysates and live MCF7, A549, HepG2 and HeLa cells in situ. In vitro and in situ labelling demonstrated different patterns and expression levels of the proteome, and the strongest band for Src appeared in the A549 cell line. An in‐gel fluorescence scan combined with MS/MS analysis of the IGF‐1R overexpressed insect proteome labelled by OPAL‐6 and OPAL‐8 identified the binding location of the synthesized probes.