bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANKL Inhibition in Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone: A Preclinical Study in a Mouse Model of the Human Disease
Authors: Palmisano Biagio , Spica Emanuela , Remoli Cristina , Labella Rossella , Di Filippo Annamaria , Donsante Samantha , Bini Fabiano , Raimondo Domenico , Marinozzi Franco , Boyde Alan , Robey Pamela , Corsi Alessandro , Riminucci Mara 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia of bone/McCune-Albright syndrome (Polyostotic FD/MAS; OMIM#174800) is a crippling skeletal disease caused by gain-of-function mutations of Gsα. Enhanced bone resorption is a recurrent histological feature of FD and a major cause of fragility of affected bones. Previous work suggests that increased bone resorption in FD is driven by RANKL and some studies have shown that the anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, denosumab, reduces bone turnover and bone pain in FD patients. However, the effect of RANKL inhibition on the histopathology of FD and its impact on the natural history of the disease remain to be assessed. In this study, we treated the EF1α-GsαR201C mice, which develop an FD-like phenotype, with an anti-mouse RANKL monoclonal antibody. We found that the treatment induced marked radiographic and microscopic changes at affected skeletal sites in 2-month-old mice. The involved skeletal segments became sclerotic due to the deposition of new, highly mineralized bone within developing FD lesions and showed a higher mechanical resistance compared to affected segments from untreated transgenic mice. Similar changes were also detected in older mice with a full-blown skeletal phenotype. The administration of anti-mouse RANKL antibody arrested the growth of established lesions and, in young mice, prevented the appearance of new ones. However, after drug withdrawal, the newly formed bone was remodelled into FD tissue and the disease progression resumed in young mice. Taken together, our results show that the anti-RANKL antibody significantly affected the bone pathology and natural history of FD in the mouse. Pending further work on the prevention and management of relapse after treatment discontinuation, our preclinical study suggests that RANKL inhibition may be an effective therapeutic option for FD patients. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Living specimens under field immobilization and smartphone microscopic observation
Authors: Ahmad Zahidi Alifa A. , Chung Dwayne C. K. , Katariya Mayur , Liew Oi Wah , Ng Tuck Wah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this work a single glycerol–water mixture, determined to be most apt at 30% (wt/vol), was used to immobilize Drosophila samples as well as to create a liquid lens for smartphone magnification viewing. This provides the advantage of being able to observe immobilized insects directly in the field rather than in the laboratory. In order to avoid having bubbles in the liquid lens and immobilizing medium that hinder visibility, an approach was developed where a stable pendant drop is moved in tandem with the dispensing tip by gravity and stopped abruptly so that sufficient momentum is transferred to the drop for its dislodgement. With 30% glycerol–water (wt/vol) mixtures, applying a minimal stroke of 10 mm with longitudinal impact delivered a momentum of 0.1464 N/s that allowed transfer of a preselected liquid volume for the processes.
A mathematical morphology approach for a qualitative exploration of drought events in space and time
Authors: Vernieuwe Hilde , De Baets Bernard , Verhoest Niko E. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrought events occur worldwide and possibly incur severe consequences. Trying to understand and characterize drought events is of considerable importance in order to improve the preparedness for coping with future events. In this paper, we present a methodology that allows for the delineation of drought events by exploiting their spatiotemporal nature. To that end, we apply operators borrowed from mathematical morphology to represent drought events as connected components in space and time. As an illustration, we identify drought events on the basis of a 35‐year data set of daily soil moisture values covering mainland Australia. We then extract characteristics reflecting the affected area, duration and intensity from the proposed representation of a drought event in order to illustrate the impact of tuning parameters in the methodology presented. Yet, this paper we refrain from comparing with other drought delineation methods.
Different contributions of Arctic sea ice anomalies from different regions to North China summer ozone pollution
Authors: Yin Zhicong , Yuan Dongmin , Zhang Xinyu , Yang Quan , Xia Shuwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface ozone pollution is the main form of summer air pollution in North China and damages human and ecosystem health. Long‐term meteorological observations show that late spring Arctic sea ice and ozone‐related meteorological conditions are positively correlated; this result was further verified by numerical experiments. The Eurasia teleconnection pattern bridged the sea ice over Gakkel Ridge to the local meteorological conditions associated with O3. The sea ice anomalies over the Canada Basin and the Beaufort Sea mainly influenced the O3 pollution in North China via the summer west Pacific pattern. Furthermore, changes in the relationships were also included. The anticyclonic circulation over North China, that is, the joint centre of the Eurasia teleconnection and west Pacific patterns, could significantly lead to suitable weather conditions to accelerate the photochemical reactions to transfer the precursors to surface ozone. This finding helps to improve the understanding of the interannual variation in ozone pollution in North China.
Synergistic alveolar bone resorption by diabetic advanced glycation end products and mechanical forces
Authors: Moon Jung‐Sun , Lee Su‐Young , Kim Jung‐Ha , Choi Yoon‐Ho , Yang Dong‐Wook , Kang Jee‐Hae , Ko Hyun‐Mi , Cho Jin‐Hyoung , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Kim Won‐Jae , Kim Min‐Seok , Kim Sun‐Hun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and bone diseases is acknowledged. However, the mechanistic pathways leading to the alveolar bone (AB) destruction remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanical forces (MF)‐induced AB destruction in DM and its underlying mechanism.MethodsIn vivo periodontal tissue responses to MF were evaluated in rats with diabetes. In vitro human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were either treated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) alone or with AGEs and MF.ResultsIn vivo, the transcription of VEGF‐A, colony stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1), and Ager was upregulated in diabetes, whereas changes in DDOST and Glo1 mRNAs were negligible. DM induced VEGF‐A protein in the vascular cells of the PDL and subsequent angiogenesis, but DM itself did not induce osteoclastogenesis. MF‐induced AB resorption was augmented in DM, and such augmentation was morphologically substantiated by the occasional undermining resorption as well as the frontal resorption of the AB by osteoclasts. The mRNA levels of CSF‐1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during MF application were highly elevated in diabetes, compared with those of the normal counterparts. In vitro, AGEs treatment elevated Glut‐1 and CSF‐1 mRNA levels via the p38 and JNK pathways, whereas OGT and VEGF levels remained unchanged. Compressive MF especially caused upregulation of VEGF, CSF‐1, and Glut‐1 levels, and such upregulation was further enhanced by AGEs treatment.ConclusionsOverloaded MF and AGEs metabolites may synergistically aggravate AB destruction by upregulating CSF‐1 and VEGF. Therefore, regulating the compressive overloading of teeth, as well as the levels of diabetic AGEs, may prove to be an effective therapeutic modality for managing DM‐induced AB destruction.
On the 4‐methylimidazole behavior at a copper electrode: A view from surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Silva Elaine F. , Wysard Julio S. , Bandeira Merlin C.E. , Mattos Oscar R. , Alves Wagner A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) spectra of 4‐methylimidazole (4‐MeImid) are shown for the first time on a copper electrode and in the presence of chloride. The potential dependence on the spectra reveals that the N1H tautomer is majority close to the open circuit, but the N3H tautomer predominates at more cathodic polarizations. At these latter conditions, 4‐MeImid orientation changes from tilted to perpendicular, and such a behavior is similar to the one of Imid at natural pH. Interesting issues are observed at pH = 2.0: (a) 4‐MeImidH+ is not identified on the metal surface for the whole applied potential range and must be either adsorbed as an ion pair with chloride or in the bulk solution; (b) at open circuit and anodic polarization, its neutral form is the unique azole species present, in contrast to the ImidH+ behavior, which is easily observed in the surface spectra.
Iron oxide nanoparticles: a novel elicitor to enhance anticancer flavonoid production and gene expression in Dracocephalum kotschyi hairy‐root cultures
Authors: Nourozi Elnaz , Hosseini Bahman , Maleki Ramin , Abdollahi Mandoulakani Babak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. is a valuable source of rosmarinic acid (RA) and methoxylated hydroxyflavones (such as xanthomicrol and cirsimaritin) with antioxidative and antiplatelet effects and with antiproliferative potential against various cancer cells. The extensive application of nanotechnology in hairy root cultures is a new sustainable production platform for producing these active constituents. In the present study, hairy roots derived from 4‐week‐old leaves and Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC15834 were used to investigate the impact of various concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe NPs) in two elicitation time exposures (24 and 48 h) on growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC), and some polyphenols. Gene expression levels of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (pal) and rosmarinic acid synthase (ras) were also analyzed.RESULTSIron nanoparticles enhanced biomass accumulation in hairy roots. The treatment time and Fe NP dosage largely improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, TPC and TFC. The highest RA (1194 μg g−1 FW) content (9.7‐fold), compared to controls, was detected with 24 h of exposure to 75 mg L−1 Fe NP, which was consistent with the expression of pal and ras genes under the influence of elicitation. The xanthomicrol, cirsimaritin, and isokaempferide content was increased 11.87, 3.85, and 2.27‐fold, respectively.CONCLUSIONStimulation of D. kotschyi hairy roots by Fe NPs led to a significant increase in the induction and production of important pharmaceutical compounds such as rosmarinic acid and xanthomicrol. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of water deficit and different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the quality of wheat for Chinese fresh white noodles and steamed bread and the composition of storage proteins
Authors: Li Mengfei , Deng Xiong , Xu Xuexin , Liu Nannan , Wang Zhimin , Yan Yueming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNoodles and steamed bread are popular wheat products consumed worldwide, particularly in China and other Asian countries. We performed the first comprehensive study of the influence of water deficits and different nitrogen fertilizer applications on two elite Chinese bread wheat cultivars, Zhongmai 175 and Jimai 22, which are distinct in gluten strength. These wheat cultivars were tested to determine the qualities that are optimal for the production of Chinese fresh white noodles (CFWN) and northern‐style Chinese steamed bread (NCSB), and storage protein composition.RESULTSWater deficit and high nitrogen (N) fertilizer application promoted total grain protein content and the accumulation of gliadins and glutenins, while low N resulted in the opposite results. Water deficit and high N fertilizer in Jimai 22, with medium‐to‐strong gluten strength significantly improved NCSB and CFWN qualities. The quality of CFWN under low N, and that of NCSB under both high and low N conditions, was significantly reduced. However, NCSB and CFWN quality in Zhongmai 175 with weak‐to‐medium gluten strength was not significantly affected by water deficit and different N fertilizer applications. Grain subproteome analysis revealed that considerable cultivar‐specific gliadins and glutenins showed significant accumulation changes in response to water deficit and high / low N fertilizer treatment, which could be responsible for NCSB and CFWN quality changes under different treatments.CONCLUSIONWater deficit and high / low N fertilizer treatments caused changes in cultivar‐specific storage protein composition, resulting in differences in the accumulation of gliadins, glutenins, and the quality of NCSB and CFWN. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Boronic acid‐functionalized agarose affinity chromatography for isolation of tropomyosin in fishes
Authors: Yin Jialuo , Zheng Hongwei , Lin Hong , Sui Jianxin , Wang Bocheng , Pavase Tushar Ramesh , Cao Limin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTropomyosin is now receiving increasing attention because of its significant allergenic activity in various fishery products but its simple and effective isolation still remains a challenging task.RESULTSAn agarose‐based boronate affinity chromatography was produced for the first time to isolate tropomyosin in various fishery products using 3,5‐difluoro‐4‐formyl‐phenylboronic acid as the functional monomer, tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine as the multi‐branched ligand, and agarose gel particles as supporting materials. The agarose concentration, binding pH, and the concentration of elution buffers demonstrated significant effects on separation performance. Under optimized conditions, the purity of the isolated tropomyosin was higher than 90%, with the column adsorption capacity over 1.85 mg mL−1 and the enrichment efficiency over 65%. Such efficiency was also validated with different fish samples including Paralichthys olivaceus, Thunnusthynnus, Oreochromis spp., and Lophius litulon.CONCLUSIONIn comparison with conventional methods, the established affinity chromatography demonstrated excellent biocompatibility (without involving any organic solvent), better speed (from at least 1–2 days to 3–4 h), and simplicity (from at least five steps to three steps). This suggests that it is a novel and promising technique for the isolation of tropomyosin and other glycoproteins (including most allergens) in foodstuffs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Applications of packed and capillary supercritical fluid chromatography in the separation of tocochromanols
Authors: Ng Mei Han , Din Ahmad Kushairi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTocochromanols consisting of tocopherols and tocotrienols, is collectively known as vitamin E. Similarity in their structures, physical and chemical properties rendered the tocochromanols to be subject of chromatography interest. Supercritical fluid chromatography is a highly efficient tool for the separation and analysis of tocochromanols. Separation and analysis of tocochromanols using supercritical fluid chromatography had been carried out in the past using capillary or packed columns. Each of these techniques offer their own advantages and drawbacks. Besides being used for analysis, packed column supercritical fluid chromatography found applications as a purification and content enrichment tool. Emergence of new equipment and stationary phase technologies in recent years also helped in making supercritical fluid chromatography a highly efficient tool for the separation and analysis of tocochromanols. This paper gives an insight into the use of capillary and packed columns in supercritical fluid chromatography for the separation and/or analysis of tocochromanols. The types of stationary phase used, as well as chromatographic conditions are also discussed.
A double‐mode cell to measure pitting and crevice corrosion
Authors: Shen Jing , Song Guang‐Ling , Zheng Dajiang , Wang Ziming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPitting corrosion and crevice corrosion of passivated steels were measured by using a double‐mode syringe electrolyte cell built on an environment chamber. The setup, when set in noncontact mode, could measure pitting potentials and critical temperatures, and crevice corrosion potentials if in contact mode. It could be employed to distinguish the pitting and crevice corrosion damage of reinforcing steel in concrete.
Effect of simulated brazing on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of twin roll cast AA3003
Authors: Verkens Donovan , Revilla Reynier I. , Kosari Ali , Günyüz Mert , Işıksaçan Cemil , Mol Johannes M.C. , De Graeve Iris , Terryn Herman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAluminum alloy (AA) 3003 is widely used as fin and tube material in heat exchangers. In these heat exchangers, the tube and fin material are brazed together by means of an AA4xxx alloy. In this study, the effect of a simulated brazing step on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of a twin roll casted (TRC) AA3003 was studied. In particular, the effect of simulated brazing on the corrosion properties of the centre line segregation (CLS) of alloying elements and the interaction of the intermetallic particles with the surrounding matrix is explored. It is shown that the cross sections are significantly more active than the surface of the TRC AA3003, revealing the importance of the CLS on the corrosion behavior. Furthermore, it is shown that the number of pits and their depths decreased considerably on the exposed cross sections after simulated brazing, especially near the CLS. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements show that after the simulated brazing step the Volta potential difference between the intermetallic particles and the matrix reduced significantly. This change in the Volta potential could be caused by the slight increase of Si content in the matrix.
Influence of surfactant interaction on ultrafine copper powder electrodeposition
Authors: Yue S.X. , Su Y.C. , Luo Z.B. , Yu Q.S. , Tursun R. , Zhang J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUltrafine copper powder with uniform morphology and size was synthesized by electrodeposition. By using the Box‐Behnken design of response surface methodology, to study the interaction between anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants at different concentrations of copper sulfate pentahydrate. The resulting copper powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that it is difficult to obtain uniform copper powder by using a single anionic surfactant. The staggered adsorption mechanism of the non‐ionic surfactant and the anionic surfactant at the interface disperses and stabilizes the micellar interface and prevents continued growth of the copper powder. The resulting copper powder is nearly spherical with uniform morphology and particle size. Through the optimization of the response surface methodology, a nearly spherical copper powder with an average particle size of 0.61 μm and uniform shape was finally obtained.
Investigation on mechanical properties and tribological behaviour of stir cast LM13 aluminium alloy based particulate hybrid composites
Authors: Chelladurai S.J.S. , Murugesan T. , Rajamani T. , Anand S. , Asok S.J.P. , Kumaravel S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLM13 aluminium alloy with boron carbide (0 wt.%–7.5 wt.%) and fly ash (2.5 wt.%) reinforced particulate hybrid composites were fabricated using liquid metallurgy route. Microstructure and mechanical properties viz., hardness, ultimate tensile strength and ductility were investigated. Wear behaviour of composites was tested by varying sliding distance and load. Fracture surface and worn surface of composites were examined using field emission scanning electron microscope. Microstructure of hybrid composites revealed uniform dispersion of particles in LM13 aluminium alloy. Hardness and tensile strength of composites increased with increasing wt.% of boron carbide and fly ash particles. Wear test results showed that addition of particles significantly decreased the weight loss and coefficient of friction. Also cumulative weight loss decreased up to 47.2 % for 10 wt.% of hybrid composites as compared to LM13 aluminium alloy. Fracture surface of composites showed dimples with particle cracking on the surface. Worn surface of LM13 aluminium alloy showed continuous grooves due to ploughing with delamination. However, worn surface of composites showed fine grooves due to the presence of hard reinforcements on the surface. Boron carbide and fly ash reinforced LM13 aluminium hybrid composites exhibited superior mechanical properties with excellent wear resistance as compared to LM13 aluminium alloy.
Experimental and analytical study of residual stresses relaxation in nitrided 42CrMo4 parts
Authors: Rafik B. , Ali T. Mohamed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInitial compressive residual stresses, induced by ionic nitriding treatments, relax during component operating life and it is important to consider the relaxation phenomenon in the design of the component. The paper presents three analytical models (Seungho Han et al., Zaroog and Kodama) to estimate the level of residual stress after cyclic loading. The initial and final residual stresses has been measured after each loading cycle for many load magnitudes using x‐ray diffraction. It was found that about 40 %–50 % of the maximum residual stresses are relaxed during the first cycle. The reduction in the residual stress, are dependent on the applied load because of the plastic deformation caused by the superposition between the nitrided residual stress and the applied load. It was found that the estimated average values by analytical models are comparable with the results of experimental studies after cyclic loading.
Effect of recrystallization and texture on mechanical properties of extruded AA7003 alloy
Authors: Du X. , You J. , Qu Y. , Wang S. , Zhou N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of AA7003 extrusion sheets processed with different parameters were investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the microstructure and texture on the mechanical properties were discussed. The grain morphology and the texture were analyzed by using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. Moreover, the mechanical properties were measured by tensile tests and the tensile fracture morphology was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the maximum recrystallization extent occurred at the extrusion process conditions of T = 450 °C and v = 1 mm/s, and the increase in recrystallization extent had a negative effect on the tensile strength. Moreover, a relatively strong recrystallization cube orientation <100> existed when the extrusion temperature was 470 °C, showing a high tensile strength and elongation. Thus, it can be concluded that the cube texture is beneficial to the tensile strength and elongation in extruded AA7003 alloy.