bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Active Site and CO2‐Interacting Surface Species in Dry Reforming of Methane over Strontium Promoted Ni Catalyst Supported by Lanthanum‐Zirconia
Authors: Acharya Kenit , Al‐Fatesh Ahmed S. , Fakeeha Anis H. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Alothman Othman , Jan Hammad Ahmad , Alarifi Naif , Abu‐Dahrieh Jehad K. , Kumar Rawesh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of global warming, the dry reforming of methane (DRM) has gained significant attention due to its ability to simultaneously deplete two greenhouse gases, i. e. CH4 and CO2, and generate syngas. Herein, strontium‐promoted Lanthanum‐zirconia supported Ni catalysts are investigated for DRM and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, surface area and porosity, FTIR‐RAMAN spectroscopy, and temperature‐programmed experiments. The Ni/LaZr catalyst contains formate and oxycarbonate‐like CO2‐interacting species, while strontium‐promoted catalysts have additional ionic CO32− species. The current catalyst system of 2 % strontium‐promoted Ni/LaZr has active sites derived from three types of NiO: easily reducible, moderately interacted, and strongly interacted. During the DRM reaction over the current system, CO2 is a better oxidant than O2 for removing carbon deposits. Additionally, the catalysts attain higher reducibility under oxidizing gas (CO2) and reducing gas (H2) during the DRM reaction. For optimal hydrogen yield of approximately 60 % within 420 minutes of operation over Ni2Sr/LaZr catalyst, a balance between the population of active site Ni and CO2‐interacting surface species is necessary.
Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic Onset on the Early Careers of Pediatric Oncology Health Professionals and Researchers: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Young Investigators Committee, Young SIOP Network, and Young SIOPE
Authors: Bryan Gemma , Guolla Louise , Villanueva Gabriela Inés , Cohen‐Gogo Sarah , Casanovas Alejandra , Medina Rina , Revon‐Riviere Gabriel , Coltin Hallie , Kahalley Lisa S. , Withycombe Janice S. , van Ewijk Roelof , Schoot Reineke A. , Cash Thomas , Baertschiger Reto M. , McAleer Mary Frances , Benedetti Daniel J. , Greengard Emily , Kitko Carrie L. , Green Adam L. , Dhall Girish , Esbenshade Adam J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe COVID‐19 pandemic onset had a global debilitating impact on individuals and on burgeoning careers. In 2021, the Children's Oncology Group Young Investigators Committee, Young SIOP (International Society of Paediatric Oncology) Network, and Young SIOPE (European Society for Paediatric Oncology) co‐sponsored a survey to explore the impacts of the first year of the pandemic on early‐career pediatric oncology professionals with respect to working practices, productivity, professional and career development, personal wellbeing, and changing childcare needs.MethodsThe survey comprised demographic, multiple‐choice, and free‐text questions, and was distributed via email and social media with English, French, and Spanish versions available. Descriptive statistics and chi‐square tests were used to compare quantitative data by self‐designated gender and country of origin. Qualitative data were described using content analysis.ResultsProfessionals (N = 499, 26.3% male, 77.2% MDs) in 48 countries (77.6% high income) responded in English (79.4%), Spanish (12.4%), and French (8.2%). Respondents had difficulty obtaining and keeping jobs (26.9%), worsened overall academic productivity (50.7%, with higher rates among bench scientists, p < 0.01), and decreased career opportunities (40.9%). Childcare challenges impacted 56.7% of respondents and was felt more negatively among women (p = 0.008) and in high‐income settings (p < 0.0001). Qualitative data (n = 300) highlighted these differences were often attributable to diminished professional/personal boundaries and impacted their personal wellbeing.ConclusionThe COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted early‐career academic and clinical professionals working in pediatric oncology, with unique challenges noted among those with childcare responsibilities. Career disruptions that resulted from the pandemic should be considered and mitigated by governing bodies and hiring institutions.
Late Events Occurring After 5 Years in Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Kreimer Sara , Xue Wei , Qumseya Amira , Lautz Timothy B. , Shenoy Archana , Hiniker Susan , Casey Dana , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Arndt Carola 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRhabdomyosarcoma is the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, and 5‐year overall survival exceeds 70%. With more long‐term survivors, it is critical to understand the frequency of late events, including recurrence, second malignant neoplasm, and death, occurring 5 years after diagnosis, and the variables associated with these events. We report late events in patients enrolled on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group and Children's Oncology Group trials from 1997 to 2013 including D9602, D9803, D9802, ARST0331, ARST0431, ARST0531, and ARST08P1. A late event occurred in 2.9% of 5‐year event‐free survivors supporting guidelines to limit surveillance for these events to 5 years from diagnosis.
Impact of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Preventive and Acute Care Utilization in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Catanzarite Ashley , Bouck Jillian R. , Matthes Megan , Goubeaux Derrick L. , Carter Allie , LaMotte Julia E. , Jacob Seethal A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience significant healthcare disparities; however, there is little known on the impact of psychosocial stressors and neighborhood disadvantage on preventive and acute care utilization in this population.ProcedureA retrospective data collection was performed for all patients cared for at a comprehensive pediatric sickle cell center in the Midwest who had also completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT), a validated caregiver‐reported measurement of family psychosocial risk, from September 2021 through December 2022. Patient age, payor, primary language, frequency of acute and missed preventive care visits, as well as Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) scores were collected for 256 patients.ResultsThe average state ADI was 6.3 (±2.9), and the majority of patients were in the Very Low or Low COI categories. Total PAT score (p = 0.003), state ADI (p < 0.001), and state COI (p < 0.001) were all significantly correlated with missed SCD clinic visits, with increased odds of a missed visit with increasing neighborhood disadvantage (OR 1.22, p < 0.001). The odds of acute care were also increased in those with higher family psychosocial risk (OR 1.76, p < 0.011), though this was not seen with ADI or COI, suggesting an additional effect of family stressors and resilience on acute care utilization.ConclusionsThis highlights the importance of regular, universal social and psychological risk screening, as well as inclusion of psychosocial team members in SCD programs to identify and readily address risk factors that impact child outcomes in a minoritized chronic disease population.
Biologics Used for Psoriasis: A Drug Utilization Study Based on Two Nationwide Danish Data Sources
Authors: Engel‐Andreasen Nanna Philbert , Hallas Jesper , Jensen Peter , Egeberg Alexander , Reilev Mette 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeBiological treatment has been a game changer in the management of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. In Denmark, biological treatment for psoriasis is registered in two data sources. We aimed to describe the utilization of biologics for psoriasis in Denmark using data from both data sources separately.MethodsWe used data from two different nationwide Danish data sources: The healthcare registries and the clinical quality database, Dermbio. Utilization patterns were described by three different parameters: (1) distribution of drugs used in the first treatment episodes, (2) treatment cascade on a population level, and (3) drug survival using Kaplan Meier (KM) analysis and the proportion of patients covered (PPC) method.ResultsFrom January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2018, we found 1878 users of biologics in the healthcare registries and 2264 in Dermbio. Adalimumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab were the most common first‐choice treatments throughout the study period. According to the healthcare registries, it was most common to have more than one treatment episode with the same drug. In Dermbio, most were registered to have only one observable treatment episode overall in the study period. Ustekinumab showed the longest drug survival in both databases. Drug survival was longer for all biologics in Dermbio than in the healthcare registries.ConclusionAdalimumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab were the most common first‐choice treatments in Denmark. Overall, ustekinumab showed the longest drug survival. We observed important differences in treatment cascades and drug survival between Dermbio and the healthcare registries, which should be considered when using these data sources to perform drug utilization studies on biologics.
Advancing optical transparency in 3D‐printed PLA parts using chemical post‐processing
Authors: Kumar Atish , Kumar Narendra , Puttapati Sampath Kumar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFused filament fabrication (FFF) is an increasingly popular three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology known for its ability to produce complex 3D models at a low‐cost using polymer materials. Despite its advantages, the poor surface finish and high layer resolution in FFF‐printed parts have hindered its wider adoption, particularly for applications requiring high transparency. Thus, the current study investigates the transparency evaluation of chemically post‐processed 3D‐printed transparent polylactic acid (PLA) parts, focusing on enhancing optical transparency. Fused Filament Fabrication was employed to produce transparent parts made from PLA filament, which were subsequently treated at various time settings using various solvents, including tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform or trichloromethane (TCM), and ethyl acetate (EA). This study examines the impact of chemical post‐processing on the surface roughness, transparency, mechanical properties, and dimensional accuracy of solvent treated parts. It has been found that the THF solvent with 40 s of immersion time resulted in a maximum transmittance of 74.66% and minimum surface roughness of 1.777 μm. Based on this finding a case study was also conducted to apply the findings of the current investigation to a practical application. The findings highlight the potential of chemical‐based post‐processing techniques to improve the optical properties of 3D printed PLA, offering a promising approach for applications in optics, medical devices, and consumer goods requiring transparent components.Highlights
Effect of chemical post‐processing on 3D‐printed PLA parts was investigated.
Tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and ethyl acetate were used as solvents.
Surface roughness, transparency, hardness, and dimensional accuracy were analyzed.
Reported a maximum transmittance of 74.66% and minimum surface roughness of 1.777 μm.
Pediatric physiotherapy management of airway clearance therapy and exercise: Data from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry
Authors: Webb Elizabeth M. , Holland Anne E. , Chang Anne B. , Middleton Peter G. , Thomson Rachel , Wong Conroy , Jayaram Lata , Holmes‐Liew Chien‐Li , Morgan Lucy , Lee Annemarie L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegular airway clearance techniques (ACTs) and exercise are recommended for children with bronchiectasis, but current clinical practice and their predictors are unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to describe current use of ACTs and exercise among Australian children with bronchiectasis and identify associated predictors.MethodsPhysiotherapy‐specific data of 397 children (median age = 8 were extracted from the Australian Bronchiectasis Registry. A multivariate analysis was undertaken to identify predictors associated with the use of regular ACTs and physical exercise.ResultsRegular ACTs were undertaken by 118 (30%) children while 192 (48%) engaged in regular exercise. Physical exercise was the most common ACT modality (n = 83, 20%). The likelihood of regular ACT increased in children whose sputum isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.69–8.89) and was 50% higher for every respiratory exacerbation in the previous 12‐months that required hospitalization (OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.15–1.95). For every year older in age, children had increased odds of engaging in physical exercise (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.34) or using an ACT device (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.05–1.34). Regular exercise was twice as likely in the presence of bibasal bronchiectasis (OR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.14‐5.16), yet less likely in those with ≥1 hospitalizations in the previous 12‐months (OR = 0.76, 0.95% CI 0.57–1.03).ConclusionApproximately one‐third of children with bronchiectasis undertake regular ACTs while physical exercise was undertaken in approximately one in two children. Age, frequent respiratory exacerbations requiring hospitalization and the extent of disease are predictors of undertaking regular ACTs and exercise. Identification of these factors may assist in tailoring ACT, exercise and ACT modality prescription in clinical practice.
Azithromycin for Preventing Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Yali , Huang Zhifeng , Wang Yanqiong , Lin Binchun , Zhao Depeng , Yang Chuanzhong , Chen Xueyu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo test the effect of azithromycin in reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) risk in extremely preterm infants (EPI) without pulmonary infection.Study DesignA retrospective cohort study was performed in EPI in a tertiary unit from September 2018 to September 2022. Since only Ureaplasma species positive infants were treated with azithromycin, we included infants without Ureaplasma species (no azithromycin treatment) and those diagnosed with Ureaplasma species colonization (azithromycin treatment) in the study, while infants with Ureaplasma species pneumonia were excluded. The primary outcome was grade II+ BPD, defined as BPD of grade II or higher according to the updated NICHD criteria (2018). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent association between grade II+ BPD and azithromycin treatment.ResultsA total of 237 EPIs were included in the current study, of which 202 infants were classified as no azithromycin treatment (Ureaplasma species negative) and 35 infants were classified as azithromycin treatment (Ureaplasma species colonization). Clinical characteristics were similar between groups. Infants treated with azithromycin had a significantly lower rate of grade II+ BPD (8.6% vs. 31.2%, p = 0.006), and shorter duration of invasive ventilation (0 vs. 3 days, p = 0.045) compared to untreated ones. After adjusting for confounders, azithromycin treatment was significantly associated with reduced risk of grade II+ BPD in the whole cohort (odd ratio [OR] 0.211, 95% CI: 0.056, 0.786, p = 0.020], and infants absent of other pulmonary infection (OR 0.115, 95% CI: 0.014, 0.979, p = 0.048).ConclusionAzithromycin is associated with a reduced risk of grade II+ BPD in EPIs, likely due to its anti‐inflammatory effect.
Baseline Impulse Oscillometry Metrics Differentiate Asthmatic Children From Non‐Asthmatic Children Across Ethnicity/Race: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Kim Iris , Shin Hye‐Won , Galant Stanley 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdentifying the asthmatic early to prevent permanent airway remodeling and the progression of the disease is desirable. In children, baseline impulse oscillometry has been found effective in identifying asthma in some studies but not others.ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to utilize a meta‐analysis to determine whether there were significant peripheral airway differences between asthmatic and non‐asthmatic children across ethnicity/race, utilizing baseline impulse oscillometry (IOS) to establish its usefulness as a diagnostic tool in this age group.MethodsThis was a comprehensive search of published literature on pediatric oscillometric studies evaluating younger children (mean age ranging from 4.3 to 6 years) and older children (mean age ranging from 8.7 to 11.4 years) from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Middle East. Inclusion criteria required the primary variable resistance at 5 Hertz (R5) (kPa/L/s) or (cmH2O/L/s) for both control and asthmatic subjects, and excluded studies if asthmatics had uncontrolled disease.ResultsOur data show that there are significantly higher R5 and area of reactance (AX) and lower reactance at 5 Hertz (X5) in both younger and older asthmatic children compared to healthy controls from various countries.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis firmly establishes that baseline oscillometry metrics, resistance and reactance, are effective in identifying the asthmatic child across age and the ethnicities/races evaluated.
Efficacy of whole body vibration on fascicle length and joint angle in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy
Authors: Ali Mostafa S. , Saleh Marwa S. , Awad Ahmed S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveEnhancing joint range of motion is regarded as one of the most long‐term goals in the management of cerebral palsy (CP). With CP, there are well‐documented changes in the neurological drive to skeletal muscle, which leads to modifications in the architecture of the muscles. Whole‐body vibration (WBV) is one intervention to modify muscle and joint. However, its efficacy needs to be accurately studied. This study investigates the effects of WBV on fascicle length, knee joint angle and function in children with spastic hemiplegic CP.MethodsEighty children with hemiplegic CP aged 4–6 years were enrolled. Participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control group received a designated physical therapy program and the experimental group received a designated physical therapy program in addition to WBV. Program was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Goniometry, ultrasonography and gross motor function measurements were used to measure knee extension joint angle, fascicle length of hamstrings and function, respectively.ResultsThe results of this study indicated that, designed physical therapy program with WBV could increase the active range of motion in knee extension (p = 0.001) and fascicle length of hamstring (p = 0.001) muscles as well as improve function in children with hemiplegic CP (p = 0.001).Implication for Physiotherapy PracticeAccording to the findings, the use of WBV can be considered as an effective treatment in increasing the range of motion of knee extension and fascicle length and finally improving function in children with CP.
Analysis of Medical Rehabilitation Needs of 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Victims: Adıyaman Example
Authors: Akbaş Esin , Bayramlar Kezban 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNatural disasters, particularly earthquakes, result in numerous injuries, including spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, limb amputations, fractures, and peripheral nerve injuries. This study aimed to investigate the types of orthopedic injuries sustained by earthquake survivors who require long‐term rehabilitation, as well as to assess the rehabilitation programs, orthoses, prostheses, and assistive devices employed.MethodsThis descriptive analysis was conducted at a physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. Data on earthquake survivors were recorded retrospectively. The study included survivors who presented to the clinic between April 15, 2023, and May 1, 2024, with injuries sustained during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023. The types of orthopedic injuries, rehabilitation programs, and orthoses‐prostheses used were documented.ResultsData from 223 earthquake survivors were analyzed. Among these, 97 (43.5%) had compartment syndrome, 65 (29.1%) had amputations, 57 (25.6%) had fractures, 20 (9%) had peripheral nerve injuries, 12 (5.4%) had soft tissue injuries, and two (0.9%) had dislocations. Physiotherapy was provided to 211 (94.6%) patients, occupational therapy to 56 (25.1%), amputation rehabilitation to 65 (29.1%), and electrotherapy to 12 (5.3%). Prostheses were fitted for 37 (16.5%) amputees, orthoses were used by 57 (25.6%) patients, and 103 (46.1%) required assistive devices.ConclusionAmong earthquake‐related injuries requiring medical rehabilitation, compartment syndrome was the most common. The rehabilitation process of patients who developed compartment syndrome and amputation continues 1 year after the earthquake. Adults were the most frequently affected age group. The data obtained in this study will help plan local health services to coordinate medical rehabilitation in earthquakes.
Synthesis of antibiofilm (1R,4S)‐(−)‐fenchone derivatives to control Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Authors: Wang Delong , Li Yunpeng , Li Linjing , Chen Yizhe , Min Shuoling , Wang Yong , Feng Juntao , Zhou Jianbo , Zhang Zhijia , Fang Yali 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiofilm plays a crucial role in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) infection. We identified (1R,4S)‐(−)‐fenchone (FCH) as the most potent antibiofilm agent against Pst among 39 essential oil compounds. Subsequently, we synthesized a series of FCH oxime ester and acylhydrazine derivatives to explore more potent derivatives.RESULTSII3 was screened out as the most potent derivative, exhibiting a minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration of 60 μg mL−1 and a lowest concentration with maximal biofilm inhibition (LCMBI) of 200 μg mL−1, lower than those of FCH (80 and 500 μg mL−1, respectively). II3 and FCH showed minimum inhibitory concentration values >1000 μg mL−1 and similar maximal biofilm inhibition extents of 48.7% and 49.5% at their respective LCMBIs, respectively. Meanwhile, neither of them influenced cell viability or the activity of metabolic enzymes at their respective LCMBIs. II3 at its LCMBI significantly reduced biofilm thickness, extracellular polysaccharide content, and pectinase and cellulase production indices. In vivo assay results indicated that II3 could preventatively reduce the bacterial contents in tomato leaves at its LCMBI, and when combined with kasugamycin (KSG) (10 μg mL−1), II3 achieved the same level of bacterial reduction as the sole application of KSG (70 μg mL−1), thereby reducing the required dosage of KSG. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that II3 can down‐regulate biofilm‐related genes and inhibit PsyR/PsyI quorum sensing system, which differs from the bactericidal mechanisms.CONCLUSIONThese results underscore the potential of II3 as an antibiofilm agent for the control of Pst or FCH as a promising natural candidate for future in‐depth optimization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.