bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factor interaction in prevention of torture Reflections based on Carver and Handley’s research (with Comment by the authors of the book and Response by the author of the paper)
Authors: Draminsky Petersen Hans 
Published: May 2018

Summary“Does torture prevention work?” is a very comprehensive book based on commendably profound research in 16 countries. It contains a wealth of very important results concerning the relationship between a multitude of factors in the prevention and occurrence of torture. However, the results described may be interpreted in a manner different to how it was done in the book. The intention of this paper is to draw attention to some challenges in the research design and to give a broader view of the complexity of torture prevention. The book: The authors have identified a host of preventive factors, organised them in clusters (detention law and practice; prosecution (of torturers) law and practice; complaint law and practice; and, monitoring law and practice), and scored them according to whether they fulfil international standards. A torture score comprising frequency, geographical spread and severity of torture was constructed (CHATS). Ill-treatment was excluded. Correlations between preventive factors, clusters and CHATS were calculated. However, the interrelationship between various factors and clusters was not analysed. The main findings included that detention practice had the strongest (negative) correlation to torture and that the torture scoring, pooled for all countries, declined during the study period (1985-2014). Comment: For several reasons, distinguishing ‘more severe torture’ from ‘torture’ is problematic. Excluding illtreatment in the research is also problematic because the border between the two may be blurred and difficult to interpret and it may be manipulated by authorities, leading to falsely low torture incidence. The pooling of data of diverse quality may hide outstanding prevention results. Identification and implementation of best practices is recommended. Preventive means implemented with low quality may give legitimacy to practices in torturing detentions. The quality of preventive actions is key to efficiency. Factors and clusters of preventive means interact in synergy making each other fully effective. A new model for torture prevention is proposed, which emphasises that all preventive means interact together with transparency, lack of corruption and reprisals, forming the practices in detention where torture takes place. The political will to prevent torture is a key factor.
Relationships between parents’ academic backgrounds and incomes and building students’ healthy eating habits
Authors: Hoque Kazi Enamul , Hoque Kazi Fardinul , A/P Thanabalan Revethy 
Published: May 2018

Background
Building healthy eating habit is essential for all people. School and family are the prime institutions to instill this habit during early age. This study is aimed at understanding the impact of family such as parents’ educations and incomes on building students’ healthy eating habits.

Methods
A survey on building students’ eating habits was conducted among primary school students of grade 4 (11 years) and 5 (12 years) from Kulim district, Malaysia. Data from 318 respondents were analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to find the present scenario of their knowledge, attitude and practices towards their eating habits while one-way ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used to find the differences between their practices based on students’ gender, parents’ educations and incomes.

Results
The study finds that the students have a good knowledge of types of healthy food but yet their preferences are towards the unhealthy food. Though the students’ gender and parents’ educations are not found significantly related to students’ knowledge, attitude and practices towards healthy eating habits, parents’ incomes have significant influence on promoting the healthy eating habit.

Discussion
Findings of this study can be useful to guide parents in healthy food choices and suggest them to be models to their children in building healthy eating habits.
Hydrothermally Reduced Graphene Oxide Interfaces for Synthesizing High‐Performance Metal–Organic Framework Hollow Fiber Membranes
Authors: Li Wanbin , Shi Jiali , Li Zhanjun , Wu Wufeng , Xia Yan , Yu Yang , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF) membranes are attracting numerous attentions recently. However, fabrication of ultrathin and precisely molecular sieving MOF membranes, especially with highly processable polymeric hollow fiber substrates, is a great challenge. Here, the defect‐free ZIF‐8 composite hollow fiber membranes with impressive performance for hydrogen permselectivity are fabricated by novel interfacial contra‐diffusion synthesis. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes with good selectivity are prepared on hollow fiber substrates via hydrothermal treatment. By employing the prepared rGO membranes as sharp interfaces to promote the heterogeneous nucleation and control the diffusion of precursors, the ultrathin and uniform MOF membranes with thickness of 150 nm can be regionally crystallized at interfaces by contra‐diffusion synthesis. The prepared ZIF‐8/rGO composite membranes display outstanding separation performance in H2 purification, with permeance over 60 × 10−8 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and H2/CO2, H2/N2 and H2/CH4 selectivities up to 25.3, 70.4, and 90.7, respectively. Moreover, the membranes thus prepared have good reproducibility and long‐term stability.
The Opportunity of a NOx‐free Combustion Engine
Authors: Arlt Wolfgang , Kureti Sven 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Entfernung von im Verbrennungsmotor gebildeten Stickoxiden aus dem Abgas wird heute mit wässrigen Harnstofflösungen (AdBlue) versucht. Zwar wird eine eutektische Mischung eingesetzt, die zu 2/3 aus Wasser besteht, aber ein Schmelzpunkt von −11 °C macht eine Begleitbeheizung notwendig. Zudem gibt es Temperaturfenster, in denen die Stickoxid‐Entfernung überhaupt funktioniert, so dass zum Beispiel direkt nach dem Motorstart keine Stickoxid‐Entfernung möglich ist. In diesem Artikel wird eine bessere technische Lösung über liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) vorgestellt. Die LOHC wären zudem ein CO2‐freier Treibstoff für die Mobilität.
Hierarchically Porous Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulating Carbon‐Coated Mini Hollow FeP Nanoparticles for High Performance Lithium and Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Beibei , Wang Gang , Wang Hui , Bai Jintao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetal phosphides are appealing candidates for lithium and sodium ion batteries due to their moderate discharge plateau, relatively low polarization and impressive theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, the poor capacity retention and limited cycle life are still big problems as for other phase‐transformation‐type anode materials. Herein, we report a novel one‐dimensional hierarchical material, consisting of carbon‐coated mini hollow FeP nanoparticles homogeneously encapsulated in porous carbon nanofibers (denoted as M‐FeP@C) through a low temperature phosphidation method. The M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers deliver high specific capacity, long cycling life stability (542 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 1 A g−1) and excellent rate capability for half and full lithium‐ion batteries. In addition, the M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers show 474 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 as an anode for sodium ion batteries. The outstanding electrochemical performance of the M‐FeP@C hybrid nanofibers for both lithium and sodium storage can be attributed to the advantageous embedding architecture between the mini hollow FeP nanoparticles and double carbon layers scaffold, which offer not only a continuous conducting framework and nanoporous channels for efficient diffusion and transport of ions/electrons, but also provide enough voids to alleviate the volume changes during cycling.
The role of maternal anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa before and during pregnancy in early childhood wheezing: Findings from the NINFEA birth cohort study
Authors: Popovic Maja , Pizzi Costanza , Rusconi Franca , Gagliardi Luigi , Galassi Claudia , Trevisan Morena , Merletti Franco , Richiardi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates associations of maternal eating disorders (bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and purging behaviors) with infant wheezing and examines the effects of eating disorders on several wheezing determinants.MethodWe studied 5,150 singletons from the NINFEA birth cohort. Maternal bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa diagnoses were ascertained from the questionnaires completed in pregnancy and 6 months after delivery, and were analyzed as: ever diagnosis, only before pregnancy, and during pregnancy. Purging behaviors were assessed for 12 months before or during pregnancy. The associations with wheezing between 6 and 18 months of age were assessed in models adjusted for a priori selected confounders.ResultsChildren born to mothers with lifetime eating disorders were at an increased risk of developing wheezing (adjusted OR 1.68; [95% CI: 1.08, 2.60]), and this risk further increased when the disorders were active during pregnancy (2.52 [1.23, 5.19]). Increased risk of offspring wheezing was observed also for purging behaviors without history of eating disorder diagnosis (1.50 [1.10, 2.04]). The observed associations were not explained by comorbid depression and/or anxiety. Bulimia nervosa and/or anorexia nervosa during pregnancy were also associated with several risk factors for wheezing, including maternal smoking, adverse pregnancy outcomes, shorter breastfeeding duration, and day‐care attendance.DiscussionThe associations of maternal eating disorders with offspring wheezing suggest long‐term adverse respiratory outcomes in children of mothers with eating disorders. A better understanding of mechanisms implicated is necessary to help reduce the respiratory disease burden in these children.
NiTi‐Based Elastocaloric Cooling on the Macroscale: From Basic Concepts to Realization
Authors: Kirsch Susanne‐Marie , Welsch Felix , Michaelis Nicolas , Schmidt Marvin , Wieczorek André , Frenzel Jan , Eggeler Gunter , Schütze Andreas , Seelecke Stefan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSolid‐state cooling is an environmentally friendly, no global warming potential alternative to vapor compression‐based systems. Elastocaloric cooling based on NiTi shape memory alloys exhibits excellent cooling capabilities. Due to the high specific latent heats activated by mechanical loading/unloading, large temperature changes can be generated in the material. The small required work input enables a high coefficient of performance. An overview of elastocaloric cooling from basic principles, such as elastocaloric cooling cycles, material characterization, modeling, and optimization, to the design of elastocaloric cooling devices is presented. Current work performed within the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) Priority Program SPP 1599 “Ferroic Cooling”, which is focused on the development and realization of a continuously operating elastocaloric cooling device, is highlighted. The cooling device operates in a rotatory mode with wires under tensile loading. The design allows maximization of cooling power by suitable wire diameter scaling as well as efficiency optimization by implementing a novel drive concept. Finally, computer‐aided design (CAD) models of the discussed solid‐state air cooling device are presented.
Meta‐regression analysis to evaluate relationships between maternal blood levels of placentation biomarkers and low delivery weight
Authors: Goto Eita 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCaution is required for women at increased risk of low neonatal delivery weight.ObjectiveTo evaluate relationships between maternal placentation biomarkers and the odds of low delivery weight.Search strategyDatabases including PubMed/MEDLINE were searched up to May 2017 using keywords involving biomarker names and “low birthweight.”Selection criteriaEnglish language studies providing true‐ and false‐positive, and true‐ and false‐negative results of low delivery weight classified by maternal blood levels of placentation biomarkers (in units of multiple of the mean [MoM]) were included.Data collection and analysisCoefficients representing changes in log odds ratio for low delivery weight per 1 MoM increase in maternal blood placentation biomarkers, and those adjusted for race, sampling period, and/or study quality were calculated.Main resultsAdjusted coefficients representing changes in log odds ratio for low delivery weight per 1 MoM increase in maternal blood levels of α‐fetoprotein (AFP) and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) were significantly greater than 0 (both P<0.001), whereas that for pregnancy‐associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) was significantly less than 0 (P=0.028). Adjusted models explained the higher proportion of between‐study variance better than non‐adjusted models.ConclusionsElevated AFP and β‐hCG, and reduced PAPP‐A in maternal blood were positively associated with odds of low delivery weight.
Discontinuation of long‐acting reversible contraception versus short‐term hormonal methods in urban Ghana: A pilot longitudinal study
Authors: Rominski Sarah D. , Manu Abubakar , Maya Ernest , Morhe Emmanuel S.K. , Dalton Vanessa K. 
Published: May 2018

In this pilot study, women who adopted long‐acting reversible contraception were more likely to still be using their method at 1 year than were women who adopted short‐term hormonal methods.
AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF QUALIFIED AUDIT OPINIONS ON THE TRADING VOLUME AND BID‐ASK SPREAD OF OVER‐THE‐COUNTER FIRMS
Authors: Ameen Elsie C. , Guffey Daryl M. 
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the information content of qualified audit opinions. The announcement of a qualified audit opinion is expected to cause investors' beliefs about the firm to converge. This increase in consensus would be evidenced by an unexpected decrease in trading volume surrounding the initial public announcement. Proportional bid‐ask spread changes are used to test for changes in information asymmetry due to the announcement.After controlling for the effects of earnings announcements, a significant trading volume reaction is found in the week of the announcement for a sample of firms traded over the counter. No significant difference in proportional bid‐ask spread is found. The results suggest that qualified audit opinions do, indeed, convey information to the investing public and this information results in homogeneous beliefs about the firm.
Measures of Drug Prescribing at Care Transitions in an Internal Medicine Unit
Authors: Colombo Fabrizio , Nunnari Pietro , Ceccarelli Giovanni , Romano Angelo Valerio , Barbieri Pietro , Scaglione Francesco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCare transitions represent a common source of drug errors and confusions. The purpose of our prospective observational study was to assess the prevalence of medication discrepancies at care transitions, along with potentially inappropriate medications and potential drug‐drug interactions, in an internal medicine unit of an Italian hospital. Adverse drug reactions that occurred in the 30‐day period after the discharge from the hospital were included. A related‐samples McNemar test was performed for evaluating the effects of hospitalization on the above‐mentioned measures of drug prescribing. Medication discrepancies were frequent both on admission (93.4% [95%CI 0.8749, 0.9713]) and at discharge (78.7% [95%CI 0.7035, 0.8558]), with a significant difference between transition times (−14.7% [95%CI −21.82%, −7.69%]; P < .001)]. A high potentially inappropriate medication use prevalence was revealed without differences between care transitions. Potential drug‐drug interactions were more frequent at admission to the hospital, with a significant difference of 8.2% in the distribution of patients with potential drug‐drug interactions between care transitions. None of the adverse drug reactions recorded on follow‐up was related to unintentional discrepancies, and the prevalence rate of patients with potentially inappropriate medication‐related adverse drug reactions ranged between 4.9% and 6.9%, and the prevalence rate of patients with drug‐drug interaction–related adverse drug reactions was 4.1% of patients. This study is important to raise awareness of the potential dangers medication discrepancies, potentially inappropriate medications, and potential drug‐drug interactions could have on older adults. Clinicians and clinical pharmacologists must collaborate to improve patient care and minimize drug‐related clinical outcomes.
Infant growth outcomes from birth to 12 months of age: findings from the Delta Healthy Sprouts randomized comparative impact trial
Authors: Thomson J. L. , Goodman M. H. , Tussing‐Humphreys L. M. , Landry A. S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveMulticomponent lifestyle modification interventions designed for gestational and early postnatal periods may be key to preventing obesity in children. The primary objective of the study was to determine if infant growth outcomes differed between treatment arms of an 18‐month, maternal, infant and early childhood home visiting project.MethodsPregnant women at least 18 years of age, less than 19 weeks pregnant and residing in a lower Mississippi Delta county were recruited between March 2013 and December 2014. Postnatal data were collected from 24 experimental and 30 control participants between September 2013 and May 2016. Infant growth outcomes were modelled as time‐to‐event data using Kaplan–Meier survival curves with log‐rank tests to determine if survival curves differed between treatment arms.ResultsRetention rates for the experimental and control arms were 88% (21/24) and 83% (25/30), respectively. Approximately three‐fourths of infants in both treatment arms were classified as overweight and experienced rapid weight gain during the first 12 months of life. No differences between median times neither to classification as overweight (3–4 months) nor to experiencing rapid weight gain (6–7 months) were observed between treatment arms.ConclusionsAs compared with a standard educational (control) curriculum, an educational curriculum enhanced with diet and physical activity components was not effective at improving infant growth outcomes.
The Iowa Personality Disorder Screen: A validation study in a psychiatric population that receives long‐term group psychotherapy for personality related problems
Authors: Selvik S.G. , Hummelen B. , Romild U. , Langbehn D.R. , Pedersen G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPersonality disorder (PD) is common among psychiatric patients, and diagnosing such disorders is of great importance for the choice of treatment. Diagnosing PD is a demanding and time‐consuming process. The utilities of several PD screening instruments have been studied in different populations, but not in a population who receives long‐term group psychotherapy.In the current study, we investigate the predictive properties of the Iowa Personality Disorder Screen (IPDS) in a sample of 694 psychiatric outpatients with and without PD who were admitted for psychodynamic long‐term group therapy from 2012 to 2014. The definitive, reference diagnoses were defined according to the SCID‐II, by which 484 patients (68%) warranted a PD diagnosis. The IPDS correctly classified 67.4 percent of all participants. Sensitivity (0.75) and specificity (0.51) were lower than in previous validation studies of IPDS. We discuss possible explanations related to the general concept of PD and, more specifically, to our study sample.Because of the weaker predictive properties of IPDS, we advise caution in use of the IPDS in similar clinical settings. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple Method for Predicting Friction Sensitivity of Quaternary Ammonium‐Based Energetic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Jafari Mohammad , Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein , Joudaki Fatemeh , Mousaviazar Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFriction sensitivity is an important safety parameter for assessment when working with new energetic ionic liquids (EILs) during mixing, pouring, sieving, priming and consolidation operations in working places. This work introduces a reliable method to predict friction sensitivity of quaternary ammonium‐based EILs, which are based on elemental composition of cation and anion of a desired ionic liquid as well as the contribution of specific cations and anions. For 47 EILs, the values of coefficient of determination (R2) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the new model are 0.9057 and 33 N, respectively. High accuracy of the novel method confirms that prediction of friction sensitivity of quaternary ammonium‐based EILs is not necessarily enhanced by greater complexity.
Mediastinal cysts with Mullerian differentiation
Authors: Miura Hiroyuki , Miura Jun , Hirano Hiroshi 
Published: May 2018

Mediastinal cysts with Mullerian differentiation are characterized by oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positive cell linings.We treated four patients with mediastinal cysts with Mullerian differentiation. All patients were female, from 46 to 52 years old, and had BMIs greater than 26 kg/m2. All but one patient with cough were asymptomatic. The tumours were located in the paravertebral areas around the Th‐1–7 vertebrae. There was no left/right difference. All of the preoperative diagnoses were bronchial cysts. Three of the four patients had a history of uterine myoma. Furthermore, antiestrogen therapy was administered to one patient. All of our patients were alive without recurrence for three to eight years after surgery. As long as ectopic epithelia exist, there is a possibility of malignant conversion. Therefore, complete resection of the tumour is necessary.
Exploring Uranyl/Salicylate/Hematite Binary and Ternary Complexes by Attenuated‐Total‐Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Ren Yiming , Wu Qian , Zhong Jingrong , Qin Zhen , Shao Lang , Tang Hao , Kong Chuipeng , Li Yingru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAttenuated‐total‐reflection infrared technique was utilized to investigate the binding mechanisms in uranyl/salicylate/hematite binary and ternary systems at the molecular scale. Uranyl has been found to adsorb onto hematite surfaces in an outer‐sphere mode, similar to uranyl/maghemite system, whereas the desorption process is much longer than the latter which is probably due to different surface structures of the two minerals. Salicylate, as a good analogue of humic acid and other ortho‐hydroxo aromatic acids, binds with the surface mainly through complexation of the carboxylic group with the surface. In the cosorption system of uranyl/salicylate, at a sub‐micromolar concentration onto hematite, only weak interactions are deduced from the shifts of salicylate characteristic peaks. The increasing amount of salicylate have significant influences upon uranyl species and would release uranyl from the surface. The ternary complexes were found for both systems, and the possible structures were predicted through DFT calculations. The results of the present study could provide some information on the organic ligand influences on the uranyl sorption process, especially for the ortho‐hydroxo acromatic acids, such as humic acid.