bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical call for hospital-based domestic violence intervention: The Davis Challenge
Authors: Aboutanos Michel B. , Altonen Maria , Vincent Amy , Broering Beth , Maher Kathryn , Thomson Nicholas D. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
Fifty percent of women killed in intimate partner violence (IPV) were seen by a health care provider within a year of their death. As guest speaker to Virginia Commonwealth University Trauma Center (VCU-TC), Dr. James Davis (Western Trauma Association past president) challenged VCU-TC to develop a hospital-based IPV program. This research examines the development and impact of an integrated hospital/VCU-TC-based IPV program.

METHODS
The IPV survey was carried out to determine need for training and screening. Hospital forensic nurse examiners case logs were evaluated to determine IPV prevalence. An integrated IPV program—Project Empower was developed, consisting of staff education, patient screening, victim crisis fund, and interdisciplinary sexual assault/domestic violence intervention team. Between 2014 and 2018, patients admitted with an IPV consult to Project Empower were entered into a secure database capturing demographics, mechanisms, income data, and social determinants of risk. Program feasibility was evaluated on patient engagement via screening and case management. Program impact was evaluated on crisis intervention, safety planning, and community referral.

RESULTS
Forensic nurse examiner data and IPV survey evaluation noted 20% IPV prevalence and lack of IPV screening and training. The IPV patients (N = 799) were women (90%), unmarried (79%) and African-American (60%). Primary mechanisms were firearm (44%) or stabbing (34%). Survivors were perpetrated by a cohabiting (42%) or dating partner (18%). Monthly income averaged US $622. Forty percent had no health insurance. Advocates provided 62% case management. Survivors received victim crisis funds (16%), safety planning (68%), crisis intervention (78%), sexual and domestic violence education (83%), and community referral (83%). Within 5 years, 35 (4%) were reinjured and seen in the emergency department. Thirty-one (4%) were readmitted for IPV-related injuries. Two deaths were attributed to IPV.

CONCLUSION
Critical call for hospital-based IPV intervention programs as a priority for trauma centers to adopt cannot be underestimated but can be answered in a comprehensive integrated model.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level I.
An Exploration of Falls and Dual Tasking
Authors: Quinn Gillian , Comber Laura , O' Malley Nicola , McGuigan Chris , Galvin Rose , Coote Susan 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To explore the relationship between dual-task cost and falls in people with multiple sclerosis.

Methods:
One hundred participants completed a falls screening questionnaire, Timed Up and Go (TUG), and TUG-Cognitive (TUG-C) at baseline. Dual-task cost was the percentage change in performance between TUG and TUG-C. Falls were recorded prospectively for 3 months.

Results:
Dual-task cost was not associated with increased risk of falls (P = .90, odds ratio = 1.00). Answering yes to a question about problems doing 2 things at once increased likelihood of falls (risk ratio = 2.07).

Conclusion:
A single question asking about dual tasking may be a useful screen for falls risk assessment.
National Variation in Increased Infectious Risk Kidney Offer Acceptance
Authors: Holscher Courtenay M. , Bowring Mary G. , Haugen Christine E. , Zhou Sheng , Massie Allan B. , Gentry Sommer E. , Segev Dorry L. , Garonzik Wang Jacqueline M. 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Despite providing survival benefit, increased risk for infectious disease (IRD) kidney offers are declined at 1.5 times the rate of non-IRD kidneys. Elucidating sources of variation in IRD kidney offer acceptance may highlight opportunities to expand use of these life-saving organs.

Methods.
To explore center-level variation in offer acceptance, we studied 6765 transplanted IRD kidneys offered to 187 transplant centers between 2009 and 2017 using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data. We used multilevel logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with offer acceptance and to calculate the median odds ratio (MOR) of acceptance (higher MOR indicates greater heterogeneity).

Results.
Higher quality kidneys (per 10 units kidney donor profile index; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.95), higher yearly volume (per 10 deceased donor kidney transplants; aOR, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.06-1.10), smaller waitlist size (per 100 candidates; aOR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98), and fewer transplant centers in the donor service area (per center; aOR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91) were associated with greater odds of IRD acceptance. Adjusting for donor and center characteristics, we found wide heterogeneity in IRD offer acceptance (MOR, 1.96). In other words, if listed at a center with more aggressive acceptance practices, a candidate could be 2 times more likely to have an IRD kidney offer accepted.

Conclusions.
Wide national variation in IRD kidney offer acceptance limits access to life-saving kidneys for many transplant candidates.
Favorable Outcome of Lung Transplantation for Severe Pulmonary Graft Versus Host Disease: An Australian Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Kliman David S. , Kotecha Sakhee R. , Abelson David C. , Snell Gregory I. , Glanville Allan R. , Ma David D.F. 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Severe pulmonary chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Few treatments influence outcome, with 5-year overall survival as low as 13%. Lung transplantation (LTx) has been reported in small numbers of patients worldwide.

Methods.
We investigated the outcomes of LTx performed for this indication at 2 large Australian LTx centers.

Results.
Eighteen patients (aged 10–64 y; median, 29.6 y) received bilateral deceased lung transplants for pulmonary chronic GVHD between 2002 and 2017. LTx was performed at a median of 8.6 years after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (range, 2–23 y) with a median interval of 16 months from the time of transplant unit review to LTx. There were 2 early infective deaths and 3 further deaths from pulmonary infection and lung allograft rejection. There were no primary disease relapses. At a median follow-up of 5 years, the 5-year overall survival post-LTx is 80% and comparable to the Australia and New Zealand registry data of 64% for LTx performed for all indications.

Conclusions.
From one of the largest series of deceased LTx for this indication, we conclude that it is a feasible option for selected patients with severe pulmonary GVHD. The outcomes appear superior to that of non–LTx-based therapies and similar to the survival of the general LTx population. Establishing guidance on referral triggers, patient eligibility, organ selection, prophylaxis of allograft rejection, and supportive care would assist hematopoietic and lung transplant units in optimizing resource allocation and patient outcomes.
Practice and Attitudes of Donor Coordinator Roles Regarding Physical Examination of Potential Organ and Tissue Donors in Australia
Authors: Holloway Justine A.C. , Ranse Kristen , Bail Kasia , Jamieson Maggie , Van Haren Frank 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Physical examination of potential organ and tissue donors is standard practice to mitigate risks and optimize outcomes for transplant recipients, but the content and process of the examination has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine current practice of performing a physical examination on potential organ and tissue donors in Australia.

Methods.
An online cross-sectional survey was circulated to all Australian Donor Coordinators (n = 125).

Results.
There were 75 responses (60% response rate) to the online survey. Respondents perform a mean 10.5 physical examinations per year. Inconsistencies were observed in the approach to the physical examination, inclusive of assessment techniques used to perform the examination such as palpation. Specific staff training and education to perform the examination was reportedly provided to 77% of respondents. There was less variation reported in examination findings classified as higher risk and escalation procedures with the 3 most common findings of injection sites / track marks (86%), suspicious moles (77%), and unexplained scarring (51%), and with 97% seeking a second opinion. Current and previously removed melanomas were the main examination findings that stopped a donation from proceeding, as reported to have occurred by 18 respondents.

Conclusions.
This study has identified variations in current physical examination practice and provided the evidence to pursue practice improvement. The inconsistencies can be partly attributed to discrepancies in training and education of staff and no standardized national guidelines to clearly outline expected practice.
Excellent Contemporary Graft Survival for Adult Liver Retransplantation: An Australian and New Zealand Registry Analysis From 1986 to 2017
Authors: Jeffrey Angus W. , Delriviere Luc , McCaughan Geoff , Crawford Michael , Angus Peter , Jones Robert , Macdonald Graeme A. , Fawcett Jonathan , Wigg Alan , Chen John , Gane Ed , Munn Stephen , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: July 2019

Background.
Liver retransplantation is technically challenging, and historical outcomes are significantly worse than for first transplantations. This study aimed to assess graft and patient survival in all Australian and New Zealand liver transplantation units.

Methods.
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using data from the Australia and New Zealand Liver Transplant Registry. Graft and patient survival were analyzed according to era. Cox regression was used to determine recipient, donor, or intraoperative variables associated with outcomes.

Results.
Between 1986 and 2017, Australia and New Zealand performed 4514 adult liver transplants, 302 (6.7%) of which were retransplantations (278 with 2, 22 with 3, 2 with 4). The main causes of graft failure were hepatic artery or portal vein thrombosis (29%), disease recurrence (21%), and graft nonfunction (15%). Patients retransplanted after 2000 had a graft survival of 85% at 1 year, 75% at 5 years, and 64% at 10 years. Patient survival was 89%, 81%, and 74%, respectively. This was higher than retransplantations before 2000 (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis found that increased recipient age (P = 0.001), recipient weight (P = 0.019), and donor age (P = 0.011) were associated with decreased graft survival prior to 2000; however, only increased patient weight was significant after 2000 (P = 0.041). Multivariate analysis found only increased recipient weight (P = 0.042) and donor age (P = 0.025) was significant prior to 2000. There was no difference in survival for second and third retransplants or comparing time to retransplant.

Conclusions.
Australia and New Zealand have excellent survival following liver retransplantation. These contemporary results should be utilized for transplant waitlist methods.
Duration of Antipsychotic Medication Use by Aged Care Facility Residents With Dementia
Authors: Lind Kimberly E. , Raban Magdalena Z. , Georgiou Andrew , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:
Guidelines recommend short-term targeted use of antipsychotic medications for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia only when other strategies have failed. Antipsychotic prescribing in dementia is common internationally, but data on duration of use are limited. Our objectives were to determine duration, time to initiation, and prevalence of antipsychotic use among people with dementia.

Methods:
This work was a retrospective dynamic cohort study of people aged 65 years or above with dementia in 68 residential aged facilities during the period spanning from 2014 to 2017. Medication administration records were used to identify antipsychotic medication use. Medication outcomes (prevalence, duration, and time to initiation) were estimated using regression. Covariates included comorbidities and sociodemographic and facility characteristics.

Results:
A total of 5825 residents with dementia were identified. The annual prevalence of antipsychotic use ranged from 27.6% to 32.6%. Mean time to initiation after admission was 308.4 days (for female individuals) and 173.2 days (for male individuals). An overall 65% of people who used antipsychotics did so for >3 months even without psychiatric comorbidities; mean durations were 212.74 (95% confidence interval: 170.24, 255.25) days (for female individuals) and 216.10 (95% confidence interval: 165.31, 266.89) days (for male individuals) at median ages.

Discussion:
Antipsychotics are often used longer than recommended. Current guidelines and restrictions may be insufficient to limit antipsychotic medication use. Further efforts are needed to ensure that antipsychotic medications are used as recommended in dementia.
Capillary Morphogenesis gene 2 mediates multiple pathways of growth factor-induced angiogenesis by regulating endothelial cell chemotaxis
Authors: Cryan Lorna , Tsang Tsz-Ming , Stiles Jessica , Bazinet Lauren , Lee Sai Lun , Garrard Samuel , Roberts Cody , Payne Jessie , Ackroyd P. Christine , Christensen Kenneth A. , Rogers Michael S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPathological angiogenesis contributes to diseases as varied as cancer and corneal neovascularization. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - VEGF receptor 2 (KDR/VEGFR2) axis has been the major target for treating pathological angiogenesis. However, VEGF-targeted therapies exhibit reduced efficacy over time, indicating that new therapeutic strategies are needed. Therefore, identifying new targets that mediate angiogenesis is of great importance. Here, we report that one of the anthrax toxin receptors, capillary morphogenesis gene 2 (ANTXR2/CMG2), plays an important role in mediating angiogenesis induced by both bFGF and VEGF. Inhibiting physiological ligand binding to CMG2 results in significant reduction of corneal neovascularization, endothelial tube formation and cell migration. We also report the novel finding that CMG2 mediates angiogenesis by regulating the direction of endothelial chemotactic migration without affecting overall cell motility.
Bacterially produced GABA protects neurons from degeneration
Authors: Urrutia Arles , Garcia Victor A. , Fuentes Andres , Caneo Mauricio , Legüe Marcela , Urquiza Sebastián , Ugalde Juan , Burdisso Paula , Calixto Andrea 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegansand its cognate bacterial diet comprise a reliable, widespread model to study diet and microbiota effects on host physiology. Nonetheless, how diet influences the rate at which neurons die remains largely unknown. A number of models have been used inC. elegansas surrogates for neurodegeneration. One of these is aC. elegansstrain expressing a neurotoxic allele of the MEC-4(d) DEG/ENaC channel which causes the progressive degeneration of the touch receptor neurons (TRNs). Using such model, this study evaluated the effect of various dietary bacteria on neurodegeneration dynamics. While degeneration of TRNs was steadily carried and completed at adulthood in the strain routinely used forC. elegansmaintenanceEscherichia coliOP50, it was significantly reduced in environmental and other laboratory bacterial strains. Strikingly, neuroprotection reached more than 40% in theE. coliHT115 strain. HT115 protection was long lasting well into old age of animals and not restricted to the TRNs. Small amounts of HT115 on OP50 bacteria as well as UV-killed HT115 were still sufficient to produce neuroprotection. Early growth of worms in HT115 protected neurons from degeneration during later growth in OP50. HT115 diet promoted the nuclear translocation of the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor, a phenomenon previously reported to underlie neuroprotection caused by downregulation of the insulin receptor in this system. Moreover, adaf-16loss of function mutation abolishes HT115-driven neuroprotection. Comparative genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches pinpointed the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a metabolite differentially produced betweenE. coliHT115 and OP50. HT115 mutant lacking glutamate decarboxylase enzyme genes (gad), which catalyze the conversion of GABA from glutamate, lost the ability to produce GABA and also to stop neurodegeneration. Moreover,in situGABA supplementation or heterologous expression of glutamate decarboxylase inE. coliOP50 conferred neuroprotective activity to this strain. SpecificC. elegansGABA transporters and receptors were required for full HT115-mediated neuroprotection. Together, these results demonstrate that bacterially produced GABA exerts an effect of neuroprotection in the host, highlighting the role of neuroactive compounds of the diet in nervous system homeostasis.
Genome-wide, integrative analysis implicates circular RNA dysregulation in autism and the corresponding circular RNA-microRNA-mRNA regulatory axes
Authors: Chen Yen-Ju , Chen Chia-Ying , Mai Te-Lun , Chuang Chih-Fan , Gupta Sachin Kumar , Yen Laising , Wang Yi-Da , Chuang Trees-Juen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of long non-coding RNAs, are known to be enriched in mammalian brain and neural tissues. While the effects of regulatory genetic variants on gene expression in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been widely reported, the role of circRNAs in ASD remains largely unknown. Here, we performed genome-wide circRNA expression profiling in post-mortem brains from individuals with ASD and controls and identified 60 circRNAs and three co-regulated modules that were perturbed in ASD. By integrating circRNA, microRNA, and mRNA dysregulation data derived from the same cortex samples, we identified 8,170 ASD-associated circRNA-microRNA-mRNA interactions. Putative targets of the axes were enriched for ASD risk genes and genes encoding inhibitory postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins, but not for genes implicated in monogenetic forms of other brain disorders or genes encoding excitatory PSD proteins. This result reflects the previous observation that ASD-derived organoids exhibit overproduction of inhibitory neurons. We further confirmed that some ASD risk genes (NLGN1, STAG1, HSD11B1, VIP, and UBA6) were indeed regulated by an upregulated circRNA (circARID1A) via sponging a downregulated microRNA (miR-204-3p) in human neuronal cells. We provided a systems-level view of landscape of circRNA regulatory networks in ASD cortex samples. We also provided multiple lines of evidence for the functional role of ASD for circRNA dysregulation and a rich set of ASD-associated circRNA candidates and the corresponding circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, particularly those involving ASD risk genes. Our findings thus support a role for circRNA dysregulation and the corresponding circRNA-microRNA-mRNA axes in ASD pathophysiology.
No evidence for functional distinctions across fronto-temporal language regions in their temporal receptive windows
Authors: Blank Idan A. , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe “core language network” consists of left temporal and frontal regions that are selectively engaged in linguistic processing. Whereas the functional differences across these regions have long been debated, many accounts propose distinctions in terms of representational grain-size—e.g., wordsvs.sentences—or processing time-scale, i.e., operating on local linguistic featuresvs.larger spans of input. Indeed, the topography of language regions appears to overlap with a cortical hierarchy reported by Lerner et al. (2011) wherein mid-posterior temporal regions are sensitive to low-level features of speech, surrounding areas—to word-level information, and inferior frontal areas—to sentence-level information and beyond. However, the correspondence between the language network and this hierarchy of “temporal receptive windows” (TRWs) is difficult to establish because the precise anatomical locations of language regions vary across individuals. To directly test this correspondence, we first identified language regions in each participant with a task-based localizer, which confers high functional resolution to the study of TRWs (traditionally based on stereotactic coordinates); then, we characterized regional TRWs with the naturalistic story listening paradigm of Lerner et al. (2011), which augments task-based characterizations of the language network by more closely resembling comprehension “in the wild”. We find no region-by-TRW interactions across temporal and inferior frontal regions, which are all sensitive to both word-level and sentence-level information. Therefore, the language network as a whole constitutes a unique stage of information integration within a broader cortical hierarchy.HighlightsLanguage regions are identified with task-based, participant-specific localization.A progressively scrambled naturalistic story probes regional processing timescales.Widespread sensitivity to scrambling at the timescales of both words and sentences.No processing timescale distinctions across temporal and inferior-frontal regions.These regions all occupy a common, unique stage in a broader processing hierarchy.
Ovarian hormones mediate the prophylactic efficacy of (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in female mice
Authors: Chen Briana K. , LaGamma Christina T. , Xu Xiaoming , Deng Shi-Xian , Brachman Rebecca A. , Suckow Raymond F. , Cooper Thomas B. , Landry Donald W. , Denny Christine A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFemales are more likely than males to develop major depressive disorder (MDD) after exposure to stress. We previously reported that the administration of (R,S)-ketamine before stress can prevent stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male mice but have yet to assess efficacy in female mice or for other compounds, such as the metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine.METHODSWe administered (R,S)-ketamine or its metabolites (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine ((2R,6R)-HNK) and (2S,6S)-HNK at various doses 1 week before one of a number of stressors, including contextual fear conditioning (CFC), learned helplessness (LH), and chronic immobilization stress (CIS), in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice. To examine the interaction between ovarian hormones and stress resilience, female mice also underwent ovariectomy surgery (OVX) and a hormone replacement protocol prior to drug administration.RESULTS(R,S)-ketamine and (2S,6S)-HNK, but not (2R,6R)-HNK, attenuated learned fear in male mice. (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK, but not (2S,6S)-HNK, significantly reduced stress-induced depressive-like behavior in male and female mice. (R,S)-ketamine and (2R,6R)-HNK) were prophylactically effective at a lower dose (10 mg/kg and 0.025 mg/kg, respectively) in female mice than in male mice (30 mg/kg and 0.075 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, ovarian-derived hormones were necessary and sufficient for prophylaxis in female mice.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that prophylactics against stress-induced depressive-like behavior can be developed in a sex-specific manner and that ovarian hormones mediate prophylactic efficacy in females. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the prophylactic efficacy of the metabolites of (R,S)-ketamine in male and female mice.