bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain white matter microstructure in end‐stage kidney disease, cognitive impairment, and circulatory stress
Authors: Eldehni Mohamed T. , Odudu Aghogho , Mcintyre Christopher W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Structural and functional brain white matter abnormalities are poorly characterized in patients with end‐stage kidney disease.Methods: We examined the prevalence of the brain white matter microstructure disruption using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging and its association with hemodynamic performance and cognitive defects in 49 incident hemodialysis (HD) patients and compared these to 25 age‐matched normal controls. We analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps of the images, a voxelwise statistical analysis was done using tract‐based spatial statistics. Hemodynamic assessment was done using extrema points analysis model of continuous blood pressure monitoring.Findings: We found significant white matter damage in HD patients compared with normal controls (peak FA 0.471 ± 0.031 vs 0.486 ± 0.022 P = 0.023, peak MD 0.00194 ± 0.000363 10−3 mm2.s−1 vs 0.00167 ± 0.0003 10−3 mm2.s−1 P = 0.002). There was diffuse pattern of white matter damage in HD patients, which was independent of age, gender, and the presence of ischaemic heart disease and diabetes with significantly lower FA values in HD patients than normal controls (0.467 ± 0.037 vs 0.507 ± 0.026, P < 0.05 corrected for family wise error. HD patients had worse cognitive scores that correlated with white matter damage (for peak FA, Montreal cognitive assessment r = 0.478 P = 0.001, Trail A r = −0.486 P = 0.001, Trail B r = −0.464 P = 0.001; for peak MD, Montreal cognitive assessment r = −0.533 P < 0.001, Trail A r = 0.641 P < 0.001, Trail B r = 0.514 P < 0.001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis that included age, smoking, the presence of ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, higher frequency of mean arterial blood pressure extrema points during HD was independently associated with white matter damage (β = −0.296, P = 0.036, Adjusted R2 for the whole model = 0.400).Discussion: End‐stage kidney disease patients on HD have more brain white matter damage and cognitive impairment than age‐matched controls that are linked to hemodynamic functional measures.
The prevalence of histologic atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the corpus has decreased over 15 years in females in the Korean population
Authors: Kwon Young Jae , Kim Nayoung , Baek Sung Min , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Jaebong , Hwang Young Jae , Yoon Hyuk , Shin Cheol Min , Park Young Soo , Kim Jin‐Wook , Lee Dong Ho 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the trends of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) in 2002 subjects without significant gastroduodenal diseases.Materials and MethodsA total of 2002 subjects were prospectively enrolled and divided into three periods (2003‐2007, 2008‐2012, and 2013‐2018). Trends of H pylori and atrophy/IM scored by Updated Sydney System were analyzed according to sex, and multivariate logistic analysis was performed for the risk factors for atrophy/IM.ResultsH pylori‐negative and H pylori‐positive subjects were 1220 (61.0%) and 782 (38.0%), respectively. H pylori positivity decreased from 149/303 (49.2%), 207/515 (40.2%) and 426/1184 (36.0%), in the three periods, respectively (P < 0.001). The prevalence of atrophy (P < 0.001) and IM in the corpus (P < 0.001) significantly decreased over 15 years in females, but not in males. The mean grade of atrophy and IM was higher in males (0.36 and 0.51) than in females (0.28 and 0.41) in the corpus (P = 0.027) and in the antrum (P = 0.006), respectively. Similarly, the mean grade of IM in males (0.34) was higher in females (0.19; P < 0.001) in the corpus. Multivariate analysis showed that old age, study period, and H pylori were statistically significant in atrophy of antrum and corpus, and IM in the corpus. In cases of IM of antrum, old age, H pylori, and smoking were statistically significant.ConclusionA significant decrease in atrophy and IM in the corpus in females over 15 years suggests sex‐ or gender‐specific characteristics.
Nontoxic glasses: Preparation, structural, electrical and biological properties
Authors: Gavinho Sílvia R. , Prezas Pedro R. , Ramos Diogo J. , Sá‐Nogueira Isabel , Borges Joao P. , Lança M. Carmo , Silva Jorge C. , Henriques Célia M. R. , Pires Eduardo , Kumar Jakka Suresh , Graça M. P. F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacterial infections affect about 1 in 5 patients who receive a dental implant within 5 years of surgery. To avoid the implant rejection it is necessary for the development of innovative biomaterials, with addition or substitution of the ions, for implant coatings that promote a strong bond with the new host bone and antibacterial action. The objective of this work was to synthesize a bioactive glass with different silver concentrations to evaluate their antibacterial performance. The glasses were synthesized with up to 2% silver content by melt‐quenching. Structural, morphological, biological, and electrical properties of all samples were studied. The biological behavior was evaluated through cytotoxicity tests and antibacterial activity. The structural analysis shows that the introduction of silver do not promote significant changes, not altering the advantageous properties of the bioglass of the bioglass. It was verified that the glasses with a silver content from 0.5% to 2%, completely prevented the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while being nontoxic toward mammalian cells. Therefore, these bioglasses are promising materials to be used in the production of dental implants with antimicrobial activity.
Impact of standardized templates and skin cancer learning modules for teledermatology consultations
Authors: Cumsky Helen J. L. , Maly Connor J. , Costello Collin M. , Buras Matthew R. , Ranieri LeeAnn M. , Grover Michael L. , Comfere Nneka I. , Nelson Steven A. , Pittelkow Mark R. , Mangold Aaron R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle research has been done in teledermatology to examine the effects of standardized templates and subject‐specific learning modules.MethodsWe performed a prospective study examining the effects of standardized templates and standardized cutaneous oncology learning modules on teledermatology referrals at Mayo Clinic. This data was then compared to previous teledermatology referrals before standardized templates were adopted.ResultsA total of 42 teledermatology consultations were performed during the 4‐month study period. The use of standardized templates resulted in an absolute reduction in face‐to‐face referrals. Teledermatology consultation increased the absolute diagnostic and management concordance by 26.2% (P = 0.02) and 33.3% (P < 0.01), respectively, and decreased the absolute diagnostic and management discordance by 19.1% (P = 0.03) and 31.0% (P < 0.01), respectively. The largest knowledge gaps were identified in cutaneous oncology. Educational intervention improved theoretical referral rates and confidence in diagnosis and management overall.ConclusionThe implementation of standardized intake templates reduces the rate of face‐to‐face referrals. Teledermatology improves primary care‐based dermatological care and reduces theoretical referral rates.
Helper T‐cell signaling and inflammatory pathway lead to formation of calcium phosphate but not calcium oxalate stones on Randall's plaques
Authors: Taguchi Kazumi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Okada Atsushi , Sugino Teruaki , Unno Rei , Ando Ryosuke , Gao Bing , Tozawa Keiichi , Kohri Kenjiro , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo elucidate the difference in the lithogenesis of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones.MethodsRenal papillary tissues were obtained from 23 idiopathic calcium oxalate and seven calcium phosphate stone patients who had undergone endoscopic lithotripsy. Samples were individually collected from two different regions in each patient: the papillary mucosa containing Randall's plaque and mucosa not containing Randall's plaque. A microarray analysis was carried out on those tissues to compare their gene expression patterns. Furthermore, a causal pathway analysis comparing their differences was carried out.ResultsCluster analysis showed that gene expression profiles of calcium phosphate stone patients markedly differed from those of calcium oxalate stone patients. Disease and function analysis showed that Randall's plaque‐containing tissues of calcium phosphate stone‐forming patients had significantly higher movement and migration of mononuclear leukocytes, and lower tendency toward infection and lymph node formation than Randall's plaque‐containing tissues of calcium oxalate stone formers. Additional pathway analysis showed increased immune cell signaling in calcium phosphate formers, such as the helper T cell 1 and 2 pathways, which was confirmed by their messenger ribonucleic acid expression.ConclusionsThe present results show the upregulation of helper T‐cell signaling pathways in Randall's plaque‐containing papillae in calcium phosphate, but not in calcium oxalate stone formers. Thus, helper T‐cell immune responses and the related inflammatory processes seem to lead to the formation of calcium phosphate stones on Randall's plaques.
An MO‐GVNS algorithm for solving a multiobjective hybrid flow shop scheduling problem
Authors: de Siqueira Eduardo Camargo , Souza Marcone Jamilson Freitas , de Souza Sérgio Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the multiobjective hybrid flow shop (MOHFS) scheduling problem. In the MOHFS problem considered here, we have a set of jobs that must be performed in a set of stages. At each stage, we have a set of unrelated parallel machines. Some jobs may skip stages. The evaluation criteria are the minimizations of makespan, the weighted sum of the tardiness, and the weighted sum of the earliness. For solving it, an algorithm based on the multiobjective general variable neighborhood search (MO‐GVNS) metaheuristic, named adapted MO‐GVNS, is proposed. This work also presents and compares the results obtained by the adapted MO‐GVNS with those of four other algorithms: multiobjective reduced variable neighborhood search, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II), and NSGA‐III, and another MO‐GVNS from the literature. The results were evaluated based on the Hypervolume, Epsilon, and Spacing metrics, and statistically validated by the Levene test and confidence interval charts. The results showed the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for solving the MOHFS problem.
Efficacy of a Photovoice‐based video as an online mental illness anti‐stigma intervention and the role of empathy in audience response: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tippin Gregory K. , Maranzan K. Amanda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of a Photovoice‐based video as a novel online anti‐stigma video in reducing mental illness stigma, as well as the role of empathic concern in stigma reduction. Photovoice is a grassroots process by which members of a marginalized group, such as people with a mental illness, document and convey their experience; in this study’s context, the experience of living with a mental illness and the stigma associated with this experience. Canadian undergraduate university students (n = 303; average age = 21) were randomly assigned to view either a Photovoice‐based anti‐stigma intervention video (n = 156) or a control video (n = 147). Compared to the control condition, the Photovoice‐based video was efficacious in reducing mental illness stigma, including reduced fear and anger toward people with a mental illness, decreased perceptions of dangerousness, and decreased desired social distance. In addition, the intervention was efficacious in maintaining reduced desired social distance relative to the control at 1‐month post‐intervention. Finally, empathic concern was found to mediate the relationship between the Photovoice‐based video and reduced mental illness stigma, suggesting that one way the intervention reduced mental illness stigma was by eliciting empathy in the viewer.
Targeting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α/HK2 axis of breast cancer cells: Combined administration of Polydatin and 2‐Deoxy‐d‐glucose
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhu Xinying , Wu Haichong , Jiang Kangfeng , Zhao Gan , Shaukat Aftab , Deng Ganzhen , Qiu Changwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is well established that cancer cells depend upon aerobic glycolysis to provide the energy they need to survive and proliferate. However, anti‐glycolytic agents have yielded few positive results in human patients, in part due to dose‐limiting side effects. Here, we discovered the unexpected anti‐cancer efficacy of Polydatin (PD) combined with 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG), which is a compound that inhibits glycolysis. We demonstrated in two breast cell lines (MCF‐7 and 4T1) that combination treatment with PD and 2‐DG induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, we determined the mechanism of PD in synergy with 2‐DG, which decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen (ROS) levels and suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, the combined treatment inhibited the glycolytic phenotype through reducing the expression of HK2. HK2 deletion in breast cancer cells thus improved the anti‐cancer activity of 2‐DG. The combination treatment also resulted in significant tumour regression in the absence of significant morphologic changes in the heart, liver or kidney in vivo. In summary, our study demonstrates that PD synergised with 2‐DG to enhance its anti‐cancer efficacy by inhibiting the ROS/PI3K/AKT/HIF‐1α/HK2 signalling axis, providing a potential anti‐cancer strategy.
Regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes in the leukaemic bone marrow microenvironment
Authors: Su Meng , Chang Yu‐Ting , Hernandez Daniela , Jones Richard J. , Ghiaur Gabriel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe bone marrow (BM) microenvironment contributes to drug resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM). We have shown that the critical drug metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and cytidine deaminase (CDA) are highly expressed by BM stroma, and play an important role in this resistance to chemotherapy. However, what factors influence the chemoprotective capacity of the BM microenvironment, specifically related to CYP3A4 and CDA expression, are unknown. In this study, we found that the presence of AML cells decreases BM stromal expression of CYP3A4 and CDA, and this effect appears to be at least partially the result of cytokines secreted by AML cells. We also observed that stromal CYP3A4 expression is up‐regulated by drugs commonly used in AML induction therapy, cytarabine, etoposide and daunorubicin, resulting in cross‐resistance. Cytarabine also up‐regulated CDA expression. The up‐regulation of CYP3A4 associated with disease control was reversed by clarithromycin, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4. Our data suggest that minimal residual disease states are characterized by high levels of stromal drug metabolizing enzymes and thus, strong microenvironment‐mediated drug resistance. These results further suggest a potential role for clinically targeting drug metabolizing enzymes in the microenvironment.
Commentary: ‘Ready or not here I come’: developmental immaturity as a driver of impairment and referral in young‐for‐school‐grade ADHD children. A reformulation inspired by Whitely et al. (2019)
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. , Fearon R.M. Pasco 
Published: March 2019

The search for objective biological tests, sufficiently reliable, and predictive enough to be diagnostic of psychiatric disorders, continues apace – yet their discovery remains a distant dream. It seems increasingly unlikely that current diagnostic structures and concepts map biologically in a straight forward way – with heterogeneity within, and sharing across, existing diagnostic boundaries being the biological rule rather than the exception. Indeed, it now appears that the science of biological psychiatry is more likely to redraw those boundaries than it is to confirm and mark them (Sonuga‐Barke, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016, 57, 1). Clinical identification of childhood psychiatric disorders therefore remains, for the foreseeable future at least, an exercise in regulated social perception – reliant on the fallible and subjective judgements of parents, teachers and clinicians. Social perception of this sort is an active and motivated process and therefore prone, like all social perception, to bias and distortions – both systematic and idiosyncratic. Progress has certainly been made over the last 50 years in reducing such judgement bias by, for instance filtering perceptions through the lens of standardised instruments (questionnaires and interviews) with carefully operationalised items and a degree of reliability and validity. However, such instruments often play only a peripheral role in actual diagnostic encounters and when they are used, there is still sufficient ambiguity to leave open plenty of room for interpretation. When we acknowledge that psychiatric diagnoses are social constructions – we are not saying that symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity are not real or do not cluster together in meaningful ways or that they do not cause real distress and disability but that their interpretation and meaning are often informed by social constructs such as ethnic or gender norms and stereotypes (Meyer, Stevenson, & Sonuga‐Barke, Journal of Attention Disorders, 2019).
The role and mechanism of icmF in Aeromonas hydrophila survival in fish macrophages
Authors: Wang Suyun , Yan Qingpi , Zhang Meimei , Huang Lixing , Mao Leilei , Zhang Mengmeng , Xu Xiaojin , Chen Liwei , Qin Yingxue 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSurvival in host macrophages is an effective strategy for pathogenic bacteria to spread. Aeromonas hydrophila has been found to survive in fish macrophages, but the mechanisms remain unknown. In this paper, the roles and possible mechanisms of IcmF in bacterial survival in fish macrophages were investigated. First, a stable silencing strain icmF‐RNAi was constructed by shRNA and RT‐qPCR confirmed the expression of icmF was down‐regulated by 94.42%. The expression of Hcp, DotU and VgrG was also decreased in icmF‐RNAi. The intracellular survival rate of the wild‐type strain was 92.3%, while the survival rate of icmF‐RNAi was only 20.58%. The escape rate of the wild‐type strain was 20%, while that of the icmF‐RNAi was only 7.5%. Further studies indicated that the expression of icmF can significantly affect the adhesion, biofilm formation, motility and acid resistance of A. hydrophila, but has no significant effect on the growth of A. hydrophila even under the stress of H2O2. The results indicated that IcmF of A. hydrophila not only acts as a structural protein which participates in virulence‐related characteristics such as bacterial motility, adhesion and biofilm formation, but also acts as a key functional protein which participates in the interaction between bacteria and host macrophages.
Tissue‐specific Hi‐C analyses of rice, foxtail millet and maize suggest non‐canonical function of plant chromatin domains
Authors: Dong Pengfei , Tu Xiaoyu , Li Haoxuan , Zhang Jianhua , Grierson Donald , Li Pinghua , Zhong Silin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChromatins are not randomly packaged in the nucleus and their organization plays important roles in transcription regulation, which is best studied in the mammalian models. Using in situ Hi‐C, we have compared the 3D chromatin architectures of rice mesophyll and endosperm, foxtail millet bundle sheath and mesophyll, and maize bundle sheath, mesophyll and endosperm tissues. We found that their global A/B compartment partitions are stable across tissues, while local A/B compartment has tissue‐specific dynamic associated with differential gene expression. Plant domains are largely stable across tissues, while new domain border formations are often associated with transcriptional activation in the region. Genes inside plant domains are not conserved across species, and lack significant co‐expression behavior unlike those in mammalian TADs. Although we only observed chromatin loops between gene islands in the large genomes, the maize loop gene pairs’ syntenic orthologs have shorter physical distances in small genome monocots, suggesting that loops instead of domains might have conserved biological function. Our study showed that plants’ chromatin features might not have conserved biological functions as the mammalian ones.
Predictors of Postnatal Care Services Utilization Among Women in Nigeria: A Facility‐Based Study
Authors: Olajubu Aanuoluwapo O. , Olowokere Adekemi E. , Ogundipe Mayowa J. , Olajubu Temitope O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeAdequate utilization of postnatal care (PNC) services is a major contributing factor to reducing maternal mortality among women. Hence, this study was designed to assess the level of utilization of PNC services and its predictors among postpartum women in Ekiti State, Nigeria.DesignThe study adopted a cross‐sectional descriptive design.MethodsA total of 405 postpartum women from primary healthcare centers in five selected local government areas in Ekiti State participated in this study. A self‐structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Data were presented using descriptive (means, frequencies, and percentages) and inferential (Pearson's chi square and binary logistic regression) statistics.FindingsThe mean age of the women was 27 ± 8 years. A preponderance of the respondents (98.8%) were aware of PNC services, of which only 22% utilized PNC services after their last delivery. Those who did not utilize PNC services identified some of the barriers to their utilization, which included poor attitude of the healthcare providers and insufficient financial resources. The rate of utilization was found to be significantly higher among those who were 25 to 34 years of age (p = .03), who had formal education (p = .04), who were employed (p = .01), who had made use of an antenatal care (ANC) clinic (p = .02), and who had a good level of knowledge about PNC (p = .02). Furthermore, a prior experience with PNC services reduced by almost 90% the odds of a mother's subsequent utilization after her last delivery (odds ratio 0.10; confidence interval 0.05–0.24).ConclusionsThe majority of respondents in this study were aware of PNC services, but this did not translate to utilization of the services. Also, the rate of utilization of PNC services was significantly associated with certain sociodemographic factors such as age, educational status, employment status, use of an ANC clinic, and level of knowledge about PNC.Clinical RelevanceThis study provides pertinent knowledge for healthcare providers, especially nurses, who provide PNC services.