bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training the Next Generation of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacologists: Insights and Trainee Perspectives Over 10 Years
Authors: Randell Rachel L. , Gelineau‐Morel Rose , Thomas Sydney , Gonzalez Daniel , Leeder J. Steven , Hornik Christoph P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe limited number of researchers with expertise necessary toaddress treatment gaps for children presents an ongoing challenge. The NationalInstitutes of Health established a national Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology T32Training Program in 2012 to train a multidisciplinary, collaborative pediatricclinical pharmacology workforce. We surveyed all current T32 trainees andgraduates since inception to identify strengths and opportunities to enhanceworkforce development. A total of 85 out of 155 (55%) responded, with themajority of respondents being female gender (61%), white race (75%), andworking in academia (75%). Nearly all (97%) reported using clinicalpharmacology in their current position, with 88% planning to remain in clinicalpharmacology in the long term, reinforcing current training efforts. Lifestylefactors and student debt appeared to influence career decisions. Mentors werecritical for introduction and future success in the field. Time and fundinglimitations were perceived as barriers to successful training. There was also apressing need to improve diversity. For workforce development, we suggestsupporting: (1) trainees' lifestyle, by offsetting financial pressures ofresearch training and expanding the geographic footprint of pediatric clinicalpharmacology training; (2) mentorship, by identifying mentors in the field andproviding dedicated support for mentorship; (3) efficiency, by evaluatingcurrent training activities and focusing on activities that maximizeopportunities for future funding; and (4) diversity, by examining barriers todiversity in the workforce in general and expanding early enrichmentopportunities.
Bioengineered lubricin alters the lubrication modes of cartilage in a dose‐dependent manner
Authors: Vishwanath Karan , Su Jin , Colville Marshall J. , Paszek Matthew , Reesink Heidi L. , Bonassar Lawrence J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe low friction nature of articular cartilage has been attributed to the synergistic interaction between lubricin and hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid (SF). Lubricin is a mucinous glycoprotein that lowers the boundary mode coefficient of friction of articular cartilage in a dose‐dependent manner. While there have been multiple attempts to produce recombinant lubricin and lubricin mimetic cartilage lubricants over the last two decades, these materials have not found clinical use due to challenges associated with large scale production, manufacturing, and purification. Recently, a novel method using codon scrambling was developed to produce a stable, full‐length bioengineered equine lubricin (eLub) in large reproducible quantities. While preliminary frictional analysis of eLub and other recombinantly produced forms revealed they can lubricate cartilage, a complete tribological characterization is lacking, with previous studies evaluating the friction coefficient only at a single dose or a single speed. The objective of this study was to analyze the dose‐dependent tribological properties of eLub using the Stribeck framework of tribological analysis. Recombinantly produced eLub at doses greater than 1.5 mg/mL exhibits friction coefficients on par with healthy bovine SF, and a maximal 5 mg/mL dose exhibits a nearly 50% lower friction coefficient than healthy SF. eLub also modulates the shift in lubrication mode of the cartilage from the high friction boundary mode to the low friction minimum mode at high concentrations.
Image quality characterization of near‐eye displays
Authors: Beams Ryan , Zhao Chumin , Badano Aldo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe review the literature and relevant standards related to image quality characterization of medical devices using near‐eye displays (NEDs). First, we discuss the experimental considerations for NED measurements and the methods for aligning the light measuring device (LMD) to the NED. Second, we discuss measurement methods for several critical image quality characteristics, namely luminance, contrast, spatial resolution, geometrical distortion, and spatiotemporal properties including the methods' limitations. These characteristics were selected due to the importance of medical device NED applications. Finally, modeling methods for image quality of NEDs are discussed. Accurate and reproducible evaluation methods for image quality are essential for the safe and effective adoption of augmented and virtual reality NEDs into medical applications.
Alginate/Chitosan Complex Fibers Reinforcement and Their Mechanical Transition Continuum With Water Uptake Increasing
Authors: Huang Hao , Liu Zexin , Jian Hanxin , Yao Yuan , Tan Wenjuan , Yang Shuguang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiving tissues span a remarkable spectrum of modulus ranging from the level of Pa to GPa in a water‐rich environment. Constructing soft and hard materials that match the mechanics of tissues and researching mechanical transition in water, are beneficial for their biological applications. Here, using polyelectrolyte complex fiber as a model system and reinforcing the fiber by stepwisely introducing additional coordination and covalent bonds, this investigated that the water effect on mechanical transition behaviors. Alginate/chitosan fiber (AC fiber) has a single electrostatic bond and shows continuous mechanical transition containing a glassy state, rubbery state, and terminal relaxation (initial modulus lower than 10 MPa) in aqueous solution. Alginate/chitosan/calcium fiber (ACC fiber) has both electrostatic and coordination bonds, which shows the behavior of hard rubber (initial modulus 100 MPa) when water reaches equilibrium. Alginate/chitosan/calcium/polydopamine fiber (ACCP fiber) with triple bonds, including electrostatic, coordination, and covalent bonds, exhibits the behavior like ductile plastics in aqueous solution (initial modulus 1000 MPa). This work not only provides important insight into the toughening mechanism of polyelectrolyte complexes in water but also contributes to the preparation of tissue adaptive implantations.
Circulating tumor DNA methylation detection as biomarker and its application in tumor liquid biopsy: advances and challenges
Authors: Li Lingyu , Sun Yingli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation, an innovative liquid biopsy biomarker, has emerged as a promising tool in early cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis prediction. As a noninvasive approach, liquid biopsy overcomes the limitations of traditional tissue biopsy. Among various biomarkers, ctDNA methylation has garnered significant attention due to its high specificity and early detection capability across diverse cancer types. Despite its immense potential, the clinical application of ctDNA methylation faces substantial challenges pertaining to sensitivity, specificity, and standardization. In this review, we begin by introducing the basic biology and common detection techniques of ctDNA methylation. We then explore recent advancements and the challenges faced in the clinical application of ctDNA methylation in liquid biopsies. This includes progress in early screening and diagnosis, identification of clinical molecular subtypes, monitoring of recurrence and minimal residual disease (MRD), prediction of treatment response and prognosis, assessment of tumor burden, and determination of tissue origin. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives and challenges of ctDNA methylation detection in clinical applications. This comprehensive overview underscores the vital role of ctDNA methylation in enhancing cancer diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatments, and effectively monitoring disease progression, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical practice.
Synergistic Antiemetic Effects of Nerolidol on Domperidone, Hyoscine, and Ondansetron: In Vivo and in Silico Investigations on Receptor Binding Affinity
Authors: Ghosh Situ Sharmita , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Al Hasan Sakib , Akber Ansari Siddique , Aamer Ansari Irfan , Ali Arman , Torequl Islam Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study was designed to measure the potential antiemetic properties of nerolidol (NDL) via in vivo and in silico studies. To induce emesis copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) was administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg (orally) to 2‐day‐old chicks. The test sample (NDL) was given at two doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. b.w. orally. Additionally, aprepitant (16 mg/kg), domperidone (6 mg/kg), hyoscine (21 mg/kg), ondansetron (5 mg/kg), and diphenhydramine (10 mg/kg) were given also orally as positive controls. To observe the modulatory effects of the test sample, combination therapies with reference drugs were also administered to three different groups of animals. Molecular docking and visualization of ligand‐receptor interaction were performed against several emesis‐inducing receptors (5HT3, D2, D3, H1, and M1‐M5) using diverse computational tools. Pharmacokinetics and drug‐likeness of the selected ligands were also calculated. Findings demonstrated that NDL significantly (p <0.05) dose‐dependently lessens the mean number of retches and delays the emetic onset in the chicks. The combined drug therapy with ondansetron exposed better antiemetic activity. In addition, in silico analysis, NDL has greater binding affinity (−7.3 kcal/mol) against M2 and M3 receptors. In conclusion, NDL exerted mild antiemetic activity with synergistic properties through muscarinic receptors.
High entropy alloy reinforcement for superior electromagnetic interference shielding performance in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Küçükelyas Burak , Kaykılarlı Cantekin , Eken Taha Yasin , Erbaş Uğur , Tabakcıoğlu Mehmet Barış 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores the enhancement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites through the integration of equatomic CoCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) particles. Employing mechanical alloying (MA), CoCuFeNi HEA powders were synthesized, revealing a face‐centered cubic structure with crystallite and particle sizes of 14.7 nm and 11.62 μm, respectively. The integration of these HEA particles at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight into epoxy resin, followed by the fabrication of composites using the hand lay‐up technique. Detailed structural analysis of HEA particles confirmed the successful synthesis of equatomic HEAs via MA. Structural analysis of the HEA integrated composites revealed vacancy regions at 5% concentration, a uniform distribution at 10%, and particle agglomeration causing inhomogeneity and vacancies at 15%. The composites demonstrated significant improvements in EMI SE, with the 10% HEA sample showing superior performance compared to the other samples. Specifically, the 10% HEA composite achieved a peak SE of 73.09 dB at 4.72 GHz, attributed to the optimized distribution of HEA particles that enhanced electrical conductivity and reflective properties.Highlights
CoCuFeNi HEA particles were successfully synthesized via MA.
HEA particles were added to epoxy at 5, 10, and 15 wt% for composite fabrication.
Voids were observed in HEA5, uniformity in HEA10, and clustering in HEA15.
EMI shielding was assessed using VNA, SE, dielectric permittivity, and magnetic permeability.
The HEA10 composite achieved peak EMI shielding, 73.09 dB at 4.72 GHz.
Development of Novel Frontsheets With Protective Coatings to Increase the Durability and Reliability of Glass‐Free Lightweight PV Modules
Authors: Voronko Yuliya , Eder Gabriele C. , Reiser Elisabeth , Babin Markus , Oreski Gernot 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, novel PET‐based frontsheet materials with UV‐cured coatings were developed and investigated. UV‐curing urethane acrylates were selected as innovative, fluorine‐free coating systems. Polyurethane coatings exhibit excellent UV resistance, chemical and moisture resistance and, thus, high durability in outdoor applications. A homogeneous application without coating defects such as bubbles, voids or detachments was achieved. Material tests with cross‐cut tests showed no separation from the PET substrate. The water vapor transmission rates and the physical (optical and thermal) and chemical properties of the novel polymeric frontsheets were measured and compared with uncoated reference systems and products already on the market. The aging‐related changes after irradiation and humid heat storage were investigated and described in detail. Based on this comprehensive study, the newly developed frontsheets can be considered a suitable alternative to polymeric frontsheets with fluorine‐containing top layers.
Novel Poly(N‐(1‐cyclohexylethyl)Acrylamide‐co‐Styrene‐co‐Ethyleneglycol Dimethacrylate) Synthesis for Efficient Methylene Blue Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Synthesis
Authors: Sayar Mahmut , Canpolat Mutlu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSynthesis and evaluation of a new polymeric adsorbent for adsorbing methylene blue (MB) from these economical aqueous solutions were investigated. In the first step of the study, N‐(1‐cyclohexylethyl)acrylamide (CEA) monomer was synthesized using S‐(+)‐1‐cyclohexylethylamine and acryloyl and the obtained CEA was analyzed by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR. Then, a poly(CEA‐co‐Styrene‐co‐EGDMA) copolymer was obtained by cross‐linking CEA monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) and styrene monomers by subsequent radical polymerization episodes. FTIR, solid‐NMR, and elemental analysis methods were used for the characterization of this copolymer. In the last step of the study, the obtained poly(CEA‐co‐Styrene‐co‐EGDMA) copolymer was used as an adsorbent to adsorb MB from aqueous solutions. In the study, various factors such as adsorption properties, adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration, and solution pH were investigated. In the study, the most suitable adsorbent dose was determined as 0.1 g, initial solution concentration as 500 mg/L, contact time as 70 min, and pH as 7. Adsorption capacity was determined as 256.4 mg/g at 25 °C. As a result of the analysis of kinetic data, it was found that the model with the highest regression coefficient and the best fit with the experimental data was the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model.
Cobalt‐Promoted Para C─H Amination of 3‐Acetyl Substituted Nitroarenes with Arylhydrazines
Authors: Nguyen Duyen K. , Tran Giang T. H. , Nguyen Tung T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe report a method to furnish substituted 1H‐indazoles via a coupling of 3‐acetyl substituted nitroarenes and arylhydrazines. Reactions progressed in the presence of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate catalyst, TEMPO oxidant, and Cs2CO3 base. Functional groups including bromo, chloro, nitro, and trifluoromethoxy groups were compatible with reaction conditions. The proposed mechanism was based on a nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen para to nitro group. Our method feature a convenient pathway to directly obtain substituted 1H‐indazoles which avoid the use of pre‐functionalized starting materials. Indazole could play a role as the directing group for a palladium‐catalyzed C(sp2)─H arylation with iodobenzene.
Improved Carboxylate Density in Functionalized Biochar for Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Rani Archana , Tiwari Sagar , Sharma Gracy , Bhardwaj Akanksha , Dahiya Amarjeet , Arora Meenu , Babu J. Nagendra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarboxylate appended biochar BCKA was synthesized by a two‐step functionalization of leached rice straw biochar using ethyl 2‐bromoacetate/K2CO3/DMF and hydrolysis to furnish the modfied biochar. The modified biochar was characterized using proximate analysis, CHNS, SS CPMAS 13C NMR, FESEM, FTIR, XPS, BET, and zeta potential. Biochar BCKA was optimized for pH and dose, respectively, as 7 and 0.2 g/L for methylene blue (MB) adsorption with a contact time of 6 h at 298 K. MB removal up to 98% from 20 mg/L dye solution, using BCKA as adsorbent pH 7, 298 K. The nonlinear fit to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, SIPS, and D‐R adsorption isotherm showed a good fit with correlation coefficients (R2) 0.970, 0.969, 0.988, 0.984, and 0.983, respectively, and maximum MB adsorption (qm) of 261 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of MB using BCKA were 38.72 kJ/mol (∆H°), 225.42 J/mole K (∆S°), and negative ∆G° confirming the spontaneity driven by entropy. Kinetic studies showed good nonlinear fit to pseudo‐second order (R2 0.967), intraparticle diffusion (R2 0.977), and Elovich equation (R2 0.958) with chemisorption‐based interaction between BCKA and MB. Chemisorption, particularly ion exchange on the surface of BCKA with MB, is inferred from the D‐R isotherm and kinetic analysis. Column breakthrough studies showed Thomas model fit with qt 267.09 mg/g, and efficiency >80% was retained for two cycles of MB adsorption.
Tunable TiO2‐Heterophase Junctions for Studying and Enhancing Photocatalytic H2 Production Under Visible Light
Authors: Guebli Zakaria , Djediai Houria , Benrabaa Rafik , Meddour‐Boukhobza Laâldja , François Blach Jean , Rubbens Annick , Löfberg Axel , Roussel Pascal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide under visible light was optimized by preparing heterophase compounds (containing two or more phases) by hydrolysis method using TiCl4 as a precursor with different concentrations (0.5, 0.7, 1, and 2) to adjust condensation modes of Ti4+. The structural and textural properties of the synthesized TiO2 multiphase were fully characterized by XRD, Raman scattering, FTIR, BET, MEB‐EDX, XPS, diffuse UV–vis, and EIS spectroscopy. The increase of TiCl4 amount precursor has a significant effect on the heterophase junctions of TiO2 structure and more especially on textural and structural properties. The best specific surface area (131 m2/g) is observed for the sample at high Ti‐content (2 in Ti4+). The anatase phase (79%) is detected only for 0.5 in Ti4+ sample. However, both rutile (R) and brookite (B) phases are present in 0.7, 1, and 2 Ti‐contents. On the one hand, the band gap of 2.9 eV allows titanium dioxide to be active under visible light. In addition, the presence of rutile/brookite heterophase junction contributes significantly to the improvement of active sites for photocatalytic reaction. The separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes contributes to photocatalytic evolution performance under visible light for hydrogen production. The optimal sample (0.7 content in Ti+4 species) which presents in its structure 52% of rutile and 46% of brookite phases presented the highest photocatalytic activity with a 230 µmol/h of hydrogen generation, attributed to the heterophase junctions R52/B46, highly pore size 20.60 nm, and relatively small bandgap energy 2.974 eV. This work opens new horizons on the creation and study of a multiphase TiO2 that works under visible light in the fields of renewable energies and various other fields.
A Multimodal conceptual framework to achieve automated software evolution for context-rich intelligent applications
Authors: Yue Songhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile AI is extensively transforming Software Engineering (SE) fields, SE is still in need of a framework to consider overall all phases to facilitate Automated Software Evolution (ASEv), particularly for intelligent applications that are context-rich instead of conquering each division independently. Its complexity comes from the intricacy of the intelligent applications, the heterogeneity of the data sources, and the constant changes in the context. This study proposes a conceptual framework for achieving automated software evolution, emphasizing the importance of multimodality learning. A Selective Sequential Scope Model (3 S) model is developed based on the conceptual framework, and it can be used to categorize existing and future research when it covers different SE phases and multimodal learning tasks. This research is a preliminary step toward the blueprint of a higher-level ASEv. The proposed conceptual framework can act as a practical guideline for practitioners to prepare themselves for diving into this area. Although the study is about intelligent applications, the framework and analysis methods may be adapted for other types of software as AI brings more intelligence into their life cycles.
Solid–Liquid Diffusion Stresses Leading to Voiding
Authors: Kuziora Stephane Leonard , Aasmundtveit Knut Eilif 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses cavitation within a two-phase solid–liquid enclosed system due to interdiffusion. This mechanism is discussed within the context of solid–liquid interdiffusion bonding for metal systems and the voids which are caused by this mechanism. A case study composed of liquid (Sn), Ni3Sn4, and (Ni) phases was used. The mechanical tension and bubble volume resulting from the mechanically enclosed system during isothermal solidification at 250 °C were calculated using a fitted 1D growth model coupled with thermodynamics. Thermodynamic energy calculations showed that it becomes favorable for cavitation after 6 seconds for a starting liquid pocket of 5 µm3. The critical pressure for this cavitation was  − 0.029 GPa. The volumetric change for the reaction was determined to be  − 12.3 vol pct by a partial molar volume balance. While the volumetric change determined by the thermodynamics found  − 7.2 vol pct. The likely presence of unwettable inclusions in non-pure liquids would circumvent this cavitation mechanism, even though cavitation conditions are present. Meaning cavitation for these systems can only be expected when the liquid metal purity is sufficient. Lastly, the bubble growth is attributed to a combination of thermodynamic bubble growth and Kirkendall vacancies.
The paradox of product scarcity: Catalyzing the speed of innovation diffusion
Authors: Pathak Surya , Balakrishnan P. V. Sundar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProduct shortages are known to slow down the diffusion process. However, we counterintuitively theorize and empirically demonstrate that under specific conditions of social influence, the diffusion process may be accelerated by early product scarcity. Using an Agent-Based framework and Genetic Algorithm-based estimation, we analyzed 20 product categories to identify the critical trade-off influencing diffusion: the interplay of the social influence ratio of waiting customers to adopters, the external influence, and level of product scarcity. Strategic managerial actions can accelerate the adoption of products. For example, in the case of fitness trackers, we were able to simulate speed-up by up to two years compared to the standard Bass model. Importantly, we introduce a novel framework to study competition dynamics, analyzing how the timing of market entry and the production capacity of competitors, along with the initial installed capacity of the pioneering firm affect diffusion speed. This acceleration, whether due to managerial foresight or serendipity, necessitates careful orchestration to harness the enthusiasm of waiting customers and strategically allocate marketing spending on social media platforms, thereby differentially amplifying the influence of adopters and potential customers.