bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thiopurine Methyltransferase Genetic Polymorphisms and Activity and Metabolic Products of Azathioprine in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Pashazadeh Paria , Marjani Abdoljalal , Asadi Jahanbakhash , Khoshnia Masoud 
Published: November 2018

Background:Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, and azathioprine. There is a correlation between thiopurine drug metabolism, response, and toxicity and genetic polymorphism of TPMT. The aim of this study is to assess TPMT genetic polymorphisms activity and metabolic products of AZA in patients with IBD.Methods:Blood samples were obtained from 50 IBD unrelated patients from a private laboratory. We used polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and allele-specific PCRbased assays to determine the TPMT gene for the different variants. A high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC) was carried out to determine the whole blood 6-TGN concentration. Determination of serum TMPT activity was done by ELISA kit.Results:In IBD patients, 46/50 (92%) subjects were homozygous for the wild-type allele (TPMT*1/*1). Mutant TPMT*1/*2 and TPMT*1/*3C alleles were found in 4/46 (8%) and 3/47 (6%) of IBD patients, respectively. TPMT*1/*3B variant was not detected in any of the IBD patients. TPMT enzyme activity was higher in wild-type than that mutant variants TPMT*1/*2 and TPMT*1/*3C, suggesting that there are statistically significant differences between 6-TG levels and polymorphisms of TMPT enzyme. 6-TG levels significantly increased in IBD patients mutant variants TPMT*1/*2 and TPMT*1/*3C.Conclusions:Our results showed that TPMT polymorphisms are associated with 6-TGN levels in patients using AZA. This study suggests that AZA dosage may be determined according to the high or low prevalence of a TPMT genotype. Moreover, the results present the determination of metabolite for assessing possible safe effective dosage of the drug.
Effect of Smoking Methods and Natural Spices on Quality and Consumer Acceptance of Smoked Silver Catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus)
Authors: Olalekan Adeyeye Samuel Ayofemi 
Published: November 2018

Aims and Background:
Fish serves as a good source of dietary protein which is very inexpensive
in relation to other animal protein foods and it is an excellent component of human diet.
This study assessed the effects of smoking methods and natural spices on studied parameters and
consumer acceptance of smoked silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus).

Methods:
One hundred samples of silver catfish were obtained by purposive sampling method. The
fresh fish samples were smoked in two batches, the first batch was smoked with drum smoker and
the second batch with oven smoker while the control was smoked without the natural spices. Rancidity
indices (TVB-N, TMA-N, TBA and pH), microbiological analysis and sensory evaluation
were carried out on smoked fish samples. The recent patents on edible fat blends
(US20020031595A1), long chain fatty acids (WO2008085840A2) and esters of polyunsaturated
fatty acids (US20090023808A1) helped in selecting the analytical methods.

Results:
The results showed that there was statistical significant difference (P≤0.05) between total
volatile base-nitrogen, trimethylamine values and pH of the smoked silver catfish samples treated
with different concentrations of clove, ginger and garlic paste and those samples which were not
treated with clove, ginger and garlic. This study showed that smoking methods has effects on quality
indices, microbial quality and consumer acceptance of smoked silver catfish. Clove, ginger and
garlic have some anti-oxidative effects on rancidity indices of smoked silver catfish as there was
inverse relationship between clove, ginger and garlic and values of peroxide, free fatty acid and thiobarbituric
acid. This was also observed for the microbial quality of the smoked silver catfish.
There was also inverse relationship between clove, ginger and garlic and all the sensory parameters
except for texture and as the concentrations of the natural spices increase the values of the sensory
parameters decrease.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this study showed that smoking methods affects the studied parameters,
microbial quality and consumer acceptance of smoked silver catfish. Addition of clove, ginger and
garlic had anti-microbial and anti-oxidative effects on quality parameters of smoked silver catfish.
There was also a negative correlation between clove, ginger and garlic and all the sensory parameters
except for texture.
Проявление эффектов магнитного упорядочения в проводимости и намагниченности полупроводниковых гетероструктур на основе GaAs при изменении концентрации дельта-слоя примесей марганца
Authors: Моисеев К.Д. , Кудрявцев Ю.А. , Чарикова Т.Б. , Луговых А.М. , Говоркова Т.Е. , Окулов В.И. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCharacteristic effects of magnetic ordering and conduction in semiconductor heterostructures with a GaAs : Be/Ga_0.84In_0.16As/GaAs quantum well and manganese δ-layers of different thickness (from 0.4 to 2 monolayers) were studied based on analysis of magnetic field and temperature dependences, galvanomagnetic effects, and magnetization. An anomalous dependence of the conductivity on the manganese atoms concentration in the δ-layer was observed, which was due to a strong scattering of charge carriers in the structures with the low content of magnetic impurities. Magnetic properties of the heterostructures clearly indicated the magnetic ordering of the impurity system (saturation and hysteresis of the magnetization and fulfillment of the Curie–Weiss law at increasing temperature). Parameters of the magnetic subsystem allowed revealing different types of ordering in the systems with different concentrations of the magnetic impurity. Changing the concentration of the Mn admixture in the δ-layer was shown to influence significantly the conductivity and magnetism in the studied structures.
Электродинамические характеристики твердых растворов Pb(Fe-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Sc-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-W-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- в широком спектральном диапазоне
Authors: Командин Г.А. , Породинков О.Е. , Чучупал С.В. , Серегин Д.С. , Спектор И.Е. , Гончаров Ю.Г. , Буш А.А. , Королева А.Ф. , Торгашев В.И. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe methods of broadband dielectric spectroscopy are used to study the effect of substitution of Fe^3+ by Sc^3+ in Pb(Fe_1 – _ x Sc_ x )_2/3W_1/3O_3 solid solutions of perovskite family on the dielectric response function in the frequency range from 120 Hz up to 100 THz (4 × 10^–9–3 × 10^3 cm^–1). The experimental data are analyzed in the framework of multiparameter dispersion models. The evolution of the dispersion parameters of absorption bands depending on the degree of cation substitution in the B position of perovskite basis of ABO_3 is discussed.
Фазовый переход металл-диэлектрик в тонких пленках диоксида ванадия, легированного железом
Authors: Андреев В.Н. , Климов В.А. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe electrical conductivity of polycrystalline V_(1 – _ x )Fe_ x O_2 films has been investigated in a wide temperature range, which covers both the metal and insulator phase regions. It is shown that with an increase in the iron concentration the metal–insulator phase transition shifts toward lower temperatures, while the temperature range of the transition in doped samples additionally broadens as compared with pure VO_2. To explain the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of the V_(1 – _ x )Fe_ x O_2 insulator phase, a hopping conductivity model has been used, which takes into account the effect of thermal vibrations of atoms on the resonance integral. The values of parameter ε have been calculated as a function of the degree of VO_2 doping.
Теплопроводность монокристаллов твердых растворов на основе ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, стабилизированных оксидами скандия и иттрия, в интервале температур 50-300 K
Authors: Борик М.А. , Кулебякин А.В. , Ломонова Е.Е. , Мызина В.А. , Попов П.А. , Милович Ф.О. , Табачкова Н.Ю. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of single-crystal (ZrO_2)_1 – _ x (Sc_2O_3)_ x ( x = 0.09, 0.10) and (ZrO_2)_1 ‒ _ x _‒ _ y (Sc_2O_3)_ x (Y_2O_3)_ y ( x = 0.003–0.10; y = 0.01–0.025) solid solutions has been experimentally determined in the temperature range 50–300 K. The results are analyzed with allowance made for the phase compositions and features of imperfect crystal structures.
La evaluación del espacio histórico en la prueba ENLACE 2010
Authors: Camargo Arteaga Siddharta 
Published: November 2018

Este texto tiene el propósito de presentar un análisis de la evaluación del aprendizaje de la historia en la prueba ENLACE, en particular se analizó la evaluación del espacio histórico. Se trata de una investigación documental que pretende aportar elementos al análisis de la evaluación educativa estandarizada, así como a la discusión sobre la evaluación de los conocimientos disciplinarios en la educación básica. Para realizar este análisis se tomó como base una prueba en línea y se aplicó la metodología denominada “análisis de reactivos desde lo didáctico” (Padilla Magaña, 2009; 2010). Los resultados encontrados permiten cuestionar la efectividad de la prueba para evaluar el logro educativo de los estudiantes, puesto que presenta reactivos lejanos a los enfoques de los programas oficiales. Ello permite reflexionar sobre la necesidad de encontrar alternativas para evaluar conocimientos disciplinares complejos.
PENAMBAHAN NITROGEN PADA PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR UNTUK PADI RATOON (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Jamilah Jamilah , Rico Putra Andi , Ernita Milda 
Published: November 2018

<p>Percobaan penambahan N pada POC sebagai foliar fertilizer untuk tanaman padi ratoon telah dilaksanakan Di Kota Padang, September 2017 - Januari 2018, Tujuan penelitian mendapatkan kombinasi dari pemberian Nitrogen buatan terhadap POC untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil padi ratoon. Percobaan disusun dalam bentuk split plot, dengan petak utama adalah pemangkasan terdiri atas 2 taraf yaitu; tidak dipangkas dan dipangkas. Anak petak berupa pemberian foliar fertilizer terdiri atas 4 jenis yaitu; 0 (F1); 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Urea (F2); 25 ml L<sup>-1</sup> + Urea (F3); 50 ml L<sup>-1</sup> POC + Urea (F4), diulang 3 kali. Data dianalisis secara statistika menggunakan ANOVA α 5%, jika perlakuan berpengaruh nyata dilakukan dengan uji lanjut BNT α 5%. Parameter antara lain; berat hijauan pangkasan, tinggi tanaman, persentase anakan produktif, umur berbunga dan panen, produksi jerami dan gabah per hektar. Dari hasil percobaan maka disimpulkan bahwa pemberian 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> pupuk N tunggal dari Urea atau menambahkannya ke dalam POC tidak menguntungkan bagi pertumbuhan dan hasil padi ratoon. Pemangkasan tidak menurunkan hasil gabah yang mencapai 5,37 t ha<sup>-1</sup> GKP, dan peroleh usaha tani masih dapat diimbangi dengan adanya HPT sebesar 3,63 t ha<sup>-1</sup> yang sangat penting bagi program integrasi padi dan ternak. </p><p> </p><p><em>The experiment of an addition of N on foliar fertilizer for ratoon rice plant has been done In Padang City, September 2017 to January 2018, in a semi-intensive paddy field, with altitude 10 m above sea level. The experiment was arranged in the form of a split plot, with the main plot being a pruning consisting of 2 levels ie; not pruned and. The subplot of fertilizer foliar consists of 4 types namely; 0 (F1); 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> Urea (F2); 25 ml L<sup>-1</sup> + Urea (F3); 50 ml L<sup>-1</sup> POC + Urea (F4). Experiment repeated 3 times. Data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA 5% if treatment had real effect done with BNT test 5%. Parameters include; the weight of crop forage, plant height, a percentage of productive tillers, flowering age and harvest, straw and paddy production per hectare. From the experimental results, it was concluded that administering 800 mg L<sup>-1</sup> of single N fertilizer from Urea or adding it to POC as foliar fertilizer was not favorable for growth and yield of ratoon rice. Pruning does not reduce grain yield reaching 5.37 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, and earn farming can still be offset by the existence of HPT of 3.63 t ha<sup>-1</sup>.</em></p><p> </p><p> </p>
Cone-beam evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions
Authors: Xu Jintao , Sun Ruonan , Wang Linna , Hu Xiaoying 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and Methods:
The CBCT records of 60 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion (ANB angle ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0) were selected from the CBCT database. According to the condyle position, the patients were divided in three groups: anterior group (CD ≤ −12%), centric group (−12% ≤ CD ≤ +12%), and posterior group (CD ≥ +12%). Three-dimensional (3D) pharyngeal airway models were reconstructed using InvivoDental software 5.1.3. The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were measured in the 3D airway model.

Results:
The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space in the centric group were significantly smaller than those in the posterior group (P &lt; .01). The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were smallest in the anterior group and significantly increased in the centric and posterior groups (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions:
The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences were noted in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions.
Stability of orthodontic treatment outcomes after 1-year treatment with the eruption guidance appliance in the early mixed dentition: A follow-up study
Authors: Myrlund Rita , Keski-Nisula Katri , Kerosuo Heidi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To investigate occlusal stability from the early mixed to the permanent dentition in children after early treatment with the eruption guidance appliance (EGA).

Materials and Methods:
Of 46 participants who received 1-year early EGA treatment, 35 attended a follow-up examination at age 12. Group 1 (n = 21) started their EGA treatment at mean age 7.7 years, and group 2 at 9.1 years. Following 1-year treatment, the EGA was used as a retainer. Changes in overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relationship, and anterior crowding were measured on casts obtained before EGA treatment, after EGA treatment, and at follow-up to evaluate occlusal stability.

Results:
Mean overjet, overbite, sagittal molar relation, and mandibular crowding improved significantly during the study period. Participants with good compliance during the retention period had significantly smaller overjet and overbite values than those with poor compliance.

Conclusions:
Early correction of increased overjet, overbite, and class II molar relation with the EGA is maintainable and can also be effective in the permanent dentition, provided the EGA is worn regularly as a retainer.
Consolidation of municipalities in the newest time
Authors: Blagov Yury 
Published: November 2018

The subject. The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes, the process, the consequencesof the enlargement of municipalities in the Russian Federation.The purpose of this paper is to show that with the initial increase in the number of municipalities,many of them turned out to be incapable of effectively addressing local issues andproviding quality services to the population. In this regard, the reverse process began – theconsolidation of municipalities. As a result, the number of municipalities, especially the rurallevel, has dramatically decreased. The enlargement of municipal formations went arbitrarily,without taking into account the infrastructural and historical unity of the unified urbansettlements.The methodology. The author uses a dialectical method, a method of analysis and synthesis,a formal legal method, a comparative legal method.Results, scope of application. 03.04.2017 Federal Law No. 62-FZ is adopted, which providesfor the transformation of municipal raions and constituent urban and rural settlements intourban districts according to a "simplified procedure", that is, with the consent of the populationexpressed by the representative body of the municipality. In parallel, under considerationin the legal department of the State Duma of the Russian Federation there is a billintroduced by deputy A.P. Markov, offering to introduce a new type of municipal formation– the rural district. In rural districts it is proposed to unite settlements in rural municipalareas. The implementation of this bill will lead to the mass elimination of rural settlements.Actually there are no accurate and exhaustive legislative provisions regulating the territorialboundaries of urban districts, forms of the transformation and abolition of municipalities;moreover, local political and economic elites persistently seek to preserve the single tiermanagement system developed over the decades. As a result of these blemishes, within administrative areas of some RF constituent entities, there are urban districts that consist of the large not urbanized territories with a poorly developed transport, social, economic infrastructure and without any common development goals. The authors conclude that the bias towards municipalities' consolidation in many RF constituent entities is justified and caused by ignoring of the vertical command relations in former areas. At the same time, they point out the need to take into account the town-planning, economic and geographical, socio-demographic factors while transforming municipal areas into urban districts, otherwise, all these transformations are fictitious and turn into revising of powers by local elites.Conclusions. The municipal legal policy of consolidation of municipal entities is aimed at liquidating the settlement level of local self-government, which directly contradicts Part 1 of Art. 131 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which establishes the implementation of local self-government by the population, first of all, at the primary, settlement level.
Judicial protection of the rights of the victim (bank-creditor) after the conclusion of the agreement of assignment of the right (requirements) in the conditions of the intentional bankruptcy of the debtor.
Authors: Truntsevsky Yuri 
Published: November 2018

The subject of analysis in the paper is Russian insolvency legislation? As well as rules ofRussian Criminal Code about insolvency crimes.The purpose of the article is to analyze methods of the judicial protection of the rights ofthe victim (creditor-bank) after the conclusion of the contract of cession of rights (claims)in the context of deliberate bankruptcy of the debtor.The methodology of research includes: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, survey,and statistical method.The results, scope of application. Intentional bankruptcy (Art. 196 of the Russian CriminalCode) violates the legitimate property interests of creditors. In particular, the Bank has theright to appeal to law enforcement agencies with a statement about criminal acts committedagainst the Bank that caused damage to the Bank. The creditor has the right to applyfor recognition as an injured person. Such a creditor is harmed by a crime. In the event thatthe Bank deliberately bankruptcy of the debtor harmed, and there is a causal relationshipbetween such actions and the socially dangerous consequences that have occurred, then,as follows from Part 1 of Art. 44 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, this circumstance is aprerequisite for the recognition of the Bank as a civil plaintiff. Such a bank has the right todeclare in the criminal case a civil claim for damages to the bank. The purpose of this articleis to provide judicial protection of the rights of the victim (creditor bank) after concludingthe contract of assignment of the right (claims) in the circumstances of the debtor's deliberatebankruptcy. The research methods are: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction,questioning and statistical method. The conclusion is drawn that the assignment of claimsunder a civil law contract is not grounds for refusing to recognize the Bank as a victim anda civil plaintiff in a criminal case under Art. 196 of the Criminal Code.Conclusions. The assignment of claims under civil contract is not a ground for refusingrecognition the Bank as the victim and civil plaintiff in a criminal case under Arti. 196 of theCriminal Code.
The application of international treaties of the Russian Federation in the legal proceedings in arbitration courts of Russia
Authors: Kiseleva Olga 
Published: November 2018

The article substantiates the necessity of a system analysis of the processes of applicationof the norms of international treaties by commercial courts of the Russian Federation. Thisneed is justified, at least, by the following: an insignificant amount of special research inthis field in comparison with a similar subject within the courts of general jurisdiction, thecreation of a relatively new body of supranational control over compliance with the normsof international treaties in the field of commercial courts’ practice.The purpose of the study is to identify problems of application of international treaties ofthe Russian Federation arbitration courts of Russia.The author uses methodology of formal legal analysis of Russian legislation and courts’ decisions.The results and scope of it’s application. The author, taking into account the specifics ofcommercial proceedings and the nature of disputes heard in commercial courts, proposedlegal grounds in a concentrated form which allow to state the existence of the obligation toapply the norms of international treaties by Russian commercial courts. Two levels of suchgrounds can be stated – international and domestic.Publication of the texts of international treaties as a problematic segment of their applicability.The article highlights one of the problematic segments of the application process ofthe norms of international treaties for the purpose of more detailed reflection. The practiceof commercial courts demonstrates that in both legislative acts and acts of applying law,the concepts of "official publication" and "bringing to the public" are alternated with eachother. Despite the reform, the procedure of official publication has not acquired the characterof a systemic institution of Russian law. This significantly complicates the activity ofadministering justice with respect to the legislative acts of international law.Conclusions. From the point of view of international law, the state, independently determiningthe procedure and methods of implementing international treaties within its legalsystem, is not limited in its ability to burden itself with the need to abide by additional proceduresnot provided by the international legal system of procedures. Official publication,as a necessary procedure for the entry of a legislative act into the force, represents such anadditional procedure designed to protect more effectively human rights and freedoms andto streamline law enforcement practice. In this connection, the author formulated the provisions,the implementation of which can help in matters of systematization of the institutionof official publication of international treaties of the Russian Federation.