bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING NURSES’ COMPLIANCE IN IMPLEMENTING STANDARD PRECAUTIONS IN GOVERNMENT HOSPITAL IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sagita Rina Wijayanti 
Published: October 2019

Background:Nosocomial infection is infections that occur in patients when they are hospitalized. Data in several countries found that hundreds of millions patients worldwide are exposed to nosocomial infection each year. Standard precautions are applied to prevent infections in the hospital. The results of observations and interviews on nurses at Wates Regional Public Hospital found non-compliance of nurses in implementing standard precautions.Objective:The aim of this study is to determine factors affecting nurses’ compliance in Wates Regional Public Hospital, Yogyakarta.Method: This was cross sectional study, using questionnaire and standard precautions compliance check list. Observation was conducted twice on june 26th to July 7th, 2018. The subjects were 103 nurses in 10 inpatients room, taken by total sampling. Data was analyzed by pearson, spearman and mann whitney u test as bivariate, and also linier regression as multivariate.Result:The result of this study indicate that there were significant relationship between gender, standard precautions knowledge, motivation and work experience with nurses’ (p < 0,05), while there were insignificant relationship between age, education level, attitude, risk perception, preventive efficacy, risk taking personality, needle punctured experience, workload, infection knowledge, work stress, obstacles in standard precautions, the availability of personal protective equipment, safety climate and safety performance feedback with nurses’ compliance (p > 0.05). Multivariate test indicate that motivation has a dominant influence on nurses’ compliance.Conclusion and Suggestion: Factors influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions include motivation, work experience and risk taking personality. The dominant factor influencing nurse compliance with standard precautions is motivation. Suggestions from this study are to improve the completeness of facilities and tools related to standard precautions, monitoring and evaluation of nurses’ compliance. Further study needs to be held related to standard precautions each component include hand washing, personal protective equipment usage, care equipment decontamination, safe injecting practices, sharp objects and waste management.Key words:nosocomial infection, compliance to standard precaution, Wates Regional Public Hospital 1: Wates Regional Public Hospital2: Master in Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM
Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Ulat Jerman (Zophobas morio L.) dengan Metode Transesterifikasi Langsung Menggunakan Pelarut N-Heksana Metanol
Authors: Oktaviani Cahyaningtyas  , Zulmanelis Zulmanelis , Darsef Darsef 
Published: October 2019

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu reaksi optimum pembuatan biodiesel dari ulat jerman (Zophobas morio L.) menggunakan katalis H2SO4 dengan metode transesterifikasi langsung. Variasi yang dilakukan adalah waktu reaksi 8, 12, 16, dan 20 jam pada dua kondisi berbeda (perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:2 dan 1:5). Hasil dari penelitian inimenunjukkan belum ditemukan waktu optimum pada kedua kondisi. Ditemukan kondisi produk biodiesel paling berpotensi yang telah memenuhi dua dari tiga parameter standar biodiesel yaitu pada kondisi perbandingan pelarut n-heksana metanol 1:5 dengan waktu reaksi 20 jam menghasilkan 20mL biodiesel, densitas 0,8950 g mL-1, viskositas kinematik 12,17 cSt, dan bilangan asam 0,41 mg KOH/g sampel. Berdasarkan uji GC-MS pada biodiesel paling berpotensi didapatkan 4 jenis metil ester yaitu metil palmitat, metil palmitoleat, metil linoleat dan metil stearat.
Kata kunci: Biodiesel, metil ester, transesterifikasi langsung, ulat jerman
Abstract
The aims for this studies was to determine the optimum reaction time of biodiesel from superworm (Zophobas morio L.) using H2SO4 catalyst by direct transesterification method. Reaction times 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours in two different conditions (comparison of hexane-methanol solvents 1:2 and 1:5) were investigated. The results of this study have not yet found optimal time in both conditions. It was found that the most potential condition of biodiesel products had fulfilled two of the three standard biodiesel parameters, was the condition of the comparison of hexane-methanol 1:5 solvents with a reaction time of 20 hours producing 20 mL biodiesel, density 0.8950 g mL-1, kinematic viscosity 12.17 cSt, and acid number 0,41 mg KOH/g sample. The GC-MS result showed the methyl ester from biodiesel product are contains methyl palmitate, methyl palmitoleate, methyl linoleic, and methyl stearat
Keywords: Biodiesel, direct transesterification, methyl ester, superworm
An Ultra-Short Femoral Neck-Preserving Hip Prosthesis
Authors: Christiansen Janus D. , Ejaz Ashir , Nielsen Poul T. , Laursen Mogens 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a diaphyseal stem may risk bone loss. In order to save proximal bone stock in young patients with a high activity level and a long life expectancy, the interest in short stems has evolved. The purpose of this prospective observational cohort study was to evaluate the fixation of, and bone remodeling around, the Primoris femoral neck-preserving hip implant.

Methods:
Fifty younger patients with end-stage osteoarthritis were managed with the Primoris hip implant. We evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and implant migration using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). A region-of-interest (ROI) protocol for 4 ROIs was applied to assess BMD. The association between BMD and migration was evaluated to determine the fixation of the Primoris implant and bone remodeling in the proximal part of the femur. Follow-up evaluation was performed at regular intervals from day 1 (baseline) until 24 months after surgery.

Results:
The major stem migrations were subsidence (Y axis; mean, 0.38 mm) at 6 weeks and varus tilt (rotation) (Z axis; mean, 0.93°) at 6 to 12 months. In ROI4 (the calcar area), a significant gain in bone was found with a mean difference of 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8% to 7.4%; p < 0.02) at 24 months postoperatively. Significant bone loss was found in ROI1 and ROI2, with a mean difference of −4.9% (95% CI, –7.4% to –2.4%; p = 0.0003) and −8.9% (95% CI, −11.5% to –6.2%; p = 0.0001), respectively. Linear regression and multivariate regression analysis showed a significant negative association between maximal total point motion and BMD (p = 0.02, R2 = 15%; and p < 0.05, R2 = 26%, respectively).

Conclusions:
The Primoris component showed satisfactory primary stability with promising results at the 24-month follow-up. DXA scans showed limited stress-shielding with the proximal loading pattern of the Primoris. Better bone quality was associated with less implant migration.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Use of Standardized Letters of Recommendation for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applications
Authors: Samade Richard , Balch Samora Julie , Scharschmidt Thomas J. , Goyal Kanu S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Standardized letters of recommendation (SLORs) were introduced to provide a more objective method of evaluating applicants for orthopaedic surgery residency positions. We sought to establish whether there exists an association between the SLOR summative rank statement (SRS), which is a question that asks the letter-writing authors where they would rank a student relative to other applicants, and success in matching into orthopaedic surgery residency.

Methods:
We reviewed 858 applications to an orthopaedic surgery residency program from 2017 to 2018. Data on 9 assessment categories, SRSs, and written comments in the SLORs were extracted. The match success of applicants was determined by an internet search algorithm. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the SRSs and match success. The Spearman correlation was performed between the SRSs and other variables.

Results:
Only 60% of all LORs were SLORs. With 24% of the SLORs, a supplemental letter was used. Median percentile rank ranged from 90% to 100% for the 9 categories in the SLORs. Recommendations of “high rank” or higher were found in 88% of the SRSs. The mean of the SLOR SRSs was associated with match success.

Conclusions:
The mean of the SLOR SRSs was associated with match success. However, the SLOR is not uniformly used. Future efforts should be devoted to improving question design and validity in order to better discriminate among applicants, increase adherence to the rating scale, and quantify the strength of the written comments in the SLOR.
The Biological Fitness of Bone Progenitor Cells in Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator Waste
Authors: El-Jawhari Jehan J. , Ganguly Payal , Churchman Sarah , Jones Elena , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: October 2019

Background:The biological waste collected during use of the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA; DePuy Synthes) has been described as an abundant source of bone progenitor cells with a comparable osteogenic gene profile to donor-matched iliac crest bone marrow (IC-BM). However, it is not clear whether these RIA-waste (RIA-W) cells are biologically fit. We aimed to evaluate the stress levels and functions of RIA-W progenitor cells.Methods:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were tested in freshly collected bone progenitor cells (defined as CD45lowCD271highcells) using flow cytometry. ROS levels induced in these cells by hypoxia and/or oxidative stress as well as by an experimental simulation of the RIA procedure were also measured. Furthermore, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression levels, proliferation, and senescence of culture-expanded RIA-W and IC-BM mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were compared.Results:RIA-W and donor-matched IC-BM CD45lowCD271highcells were 97% and 98% viable, but the ROS levels were significantly higher for RIA-W cells than for IC-BM cells (p = 0.0020). Also, ROS induced by hypoxia, oxidative stress, and both were higher for RIA-W cells (p = 0.0312, 0.0156, and 0.0703, respectively). Dilution with saline solution, suction pressure, and irrigation reduced cell viability, with a positive correlation with the ROS level (p = 0.0035). The RIA-W and IC-BM colony-forming cells (average, 96,100 and 11,500, respectively) showed comparable ALP levels. Furthermore, culture-expanded RIA-W and IC-BM MSCs showed comparable ROS levels, ALP levels, susceptibility to death, and proliferation.Conclusions:Although freshly collected RIA-W bone progenitor cells appeared to be transiently stressed, these cells were as viable as IC-BM cells and present in greater numbers. The proliferation and osteogenesis of both cell types were comparable.Clinical Relevance:The RIA waste bag contains bone progenitor cells with promising potential for regenerative applications, and should not be wasted.
The Usefulness of Meta-Analyses to Hip and Knee Surgeons
Authors: Park Kwan J. , Lambert Bradley S. , Brown Landon D. , Le Daniel T. , Chaliki Kalyan , Lee Joshua , Rossano Ayane , Benjamin Kaitlin , Moreno Michael R. , Incavo Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Comprehensive systematic reviews of results from homogenous or heterogeneous clinical trials, meta-analyses are used to summarize and to interpret studies. Proponents believe that their use can increase study power and improve precision results. Critics emphasize that heterogeneity between studies and bias of individual studies compromise the value of results. The methodology of meta-analyses has improved over time, utilizing statistical analysis to reduce bias and examining heterogeneity. With an increasing trend of meta-analyses in orthopaedic literature, this study aimed to investigate quality and clinical utility of meta-analyses for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty.

Methods:
A systematic review of total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty meta-analyses in 3 major orthopaedic journals from January 2000 to August 2017 was performed. Three authors independently reviewed eligible meta-analyses. A quality assessment was conducted using the Oxman-Guyatt Index. Reporting quality was assessed using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Two high-volume, fellowship-trained, attending surgeons specializing in total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty independently, in a blinded fashion, reviewed 24 of the highest-scored meta-analyses.

Results:
There were 114 studies meeting eligibility criteria, 25 published from 2000 to 2009 and 89 published from 2010 to 2017, a 3.6-fold increase. The mean Oxman-Guyatt Index score was 3.89 points, with 12 high-quality studies, 87 moderate-quality studies, and 15 low-quality studies. The mean PRISMA score for all meta-analyses was 22.2 points, with 79% classified as low to moderate. Only 23 studies listed the Level of Evidence, and 8 were Level-I studies and 9 were Level-II studies. Studies with >15 randomized controlled trials were associated with higher PRISMA and Oxman-Guyatt Index scores. In 12 articles, we were unable to decipher the types of studies included. Only 39.4% of studies showed the risk of bias. Of the 24 studies identified as high quality per the PRISMA statement, 71% were determined to be either clinically unimportant or inconclusive.

Conclusions:
The number of total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty meta-analyses has markedly increased over the past decades. The majority of published meta-analyses from 3 major orthopaedic journals were not performed in accordance with established PRISMA guidelines.

Clinical Relevance:
Many published meta-analyses are low to moderate quality, and clinicians should cautiously draw conclusions from poorly executed meta-analyses.
Expert-Based Consensus on the Principles of Pavlik Harness Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Kelley S.P. , Feeney M.M. , Maddock C.L. , Murnaghan M.L. , Bradley C.S. ,   the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group
Published: October 2019

Update
This article was updated on August 14, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 1, in the byline, the text that had read “S.P. Kelley, MBChB, PhD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), M.M. Feeney, BSc, MSc, BMBS, C.L. Maddock, BSc, MMASc, M.L. Murnaghan, MD, MEd, FRCS, and C.S. Bradley, BScPT, MSc, on behalf of the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group*” now reads “S.P. Kelley, MBChB, PhD, FRCS(Tr&Orth), M.M. Feeney, BSc, MSc, BMBS, C.L. Maddock, BSc, MMASc, M.L. Murnaghan, MD, MEd, FRCS, C.S. Bradley, BScPT, MSc, and the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI) Study Group*”.
An erratum has been published: JBJS Open Access. 2020;5(3):e18.00054ER.

Background:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common orthopaedic disorder in newborns. While the Pavlik harness is one of the most frequently used treatments for DDH, there is immense variability in treatment parameters reported in the literature and in clinical practice, leading to difficulties in standardizing teaching and comparing outcomes. In the absence of definitive quantitative evidence for the optimal Pavlik harness management strategy for DDH, we addressed this problem by obtaining international expert-based consensus on the subject.

Methods:
An initial list of items relevant to Pavlik harness treatment was derived by a review of the literature. Delphi methodology was used to guide serial rounds of surveying and obtaining feedback from content matter experts from the International Hip Dysplasia Institute (IHDI), which continued in the same manner until consensus based on standard statistical analysis was reached. This was followed by a corroboration of face validity to derive the final set of management principles.

Results:
Four rounds of structured surveying were required to reach consensus. Following 2 rounds of peer review, and from an initial list of 66 items in 8 categories, we were able to derive 2 simplified, yet comprehensive, print-friendly tables consisting of 28 items in 8 categories to assist clinicians in managing DDH with a Pavlik harness. The tables contain principles of treatment initiation, application and follow-up of the harness, complications, weaning, and end-of-treatment decision-making as well as specific criteria based on the severity of the DDH. Furthermore, highly contentious items were identified as important areas of future study.

Conclusions:
We developed a comprehensive set of principles based on expert consensus to assist clinicians in the management of DDH using the Pavlik harness. This study also generated a list of the most controversial areas in the nonoperative management of DDH, which should be considered high priority for future study to further refine and optimize outcomes.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Minimizing Cross Flow Among Fractured Stages in Horizontal Wells Using the D-Exponent Calibrated GR Data
Authors: He Yan , Wu Jun , Ershaghi Iraj 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a method for examining the potential of fracture stimulation in horizontal wells targeting unconventional oil plays. The observation of crossflow among fractures has been of great concern as this phenomenon affects the productivity of producing wells. The cause is related to the effectiveness of fracturing stages, which by itself depends on the rock lithology and brittleness.
We identified interaction among fractured intervals from diagnostic modeling of performance data that exhibited cross flows in the wellbore. On wells exhibiting the most prolonged duration of crossflow, we noted the disadvantages of equal space fracturing. We then used the drilling parameters from MWD data for individual wells and computed the d-exponent profiles and noted significant differences in rock brittleness as characterized by their d-exponent data. We examined the d-exponent data using the Hurst coefficient. Wells exhibiting a trend with uniform H coefficient showed the least indications of cross flows from performance data while in wells with significant cross flows we see the nonuniformity of the d-exponent profile examined with the H coefficient method. It is our observation that before fracturing, interval selection with GR log can be enhanced if supplemented with the trend analysis of the d-exponent data.
Equivalent Circulation Density Optimization: Can Flow Regimes Significantly Affect the Relationship Between Equivalent Circulation Density and Flow Rate?
Authors: Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Alkinani Husam H. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Al-Alwani Mustafa A. , Lian David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Flow rate (Q) affects many drilling operations and parameters such as equivalent circulation density (ECD), hoisting and lowering the drillstring, and breaking gel strength during circulation. The aim of this work is to understand the relationship between ECD and Q based on flow regimes (e.g. laminar, transitional, and turbulent) to avoid or at least minimize the unwanted consequence during drilling practice.
Field data from over 2000 wells drilled in Iraq were collected and analyzed to identify the physical relationship between flow regimes and ECD to enhance the drilling rates. After visualizing the whole dataset, a decision was made to break down the data into three parts based on flow regimes (e.g. laminar, transitional, and turbulent). Descriptive data mining techniques were utilized to establish the relationship between flow regimes and ECD. By achieving better control of ECD in the well, not only faster and cheaper operations are possible, but also safety will be improved.
Previous studies and literature showed that flow regimes can tremendously affect ECD. Many studies have been conducted to understand the relationship between Q and ECD. Nevertheless, the consideration of flow regimes was not implemented in these studies. Inconsistency in the literature results was identified, some concluded the relationship between Q and ECD to be direct, and others showed it to be inverse. Thus, this paper will eliminate this discrepancy in the literature, and it will show that the flow regimes have a pivotal role in the relationship between Q and ECD.
The results of this paper showed that if the flow regime is laminar, the relationship between ECD and Q is inverse. However, in transitional and turbulent flow regimes, the relationship between ECD and Q is direct. That is because, in the laminar flow regime, the cutting will fall out of suspension due to low Q, which will cause a cutting bed to be built and decreases ECD. As Q increases (entering the transitional and turbulent flows) the cutting bed will be eroded, and most of the cuttings will be suspended in the fluid which will increase ECD.
This study examines and expands the understanding between how the characteristics of flow regimes affect ECD. Additionally, this paper will eliminate the discrepancy in the literature about this relationship between ECD and Q.
Investigation of Rock Properties of the Marcellus Formation – An Experimental Study
Authors: Khalil Rayan , Emadi Hossein , Elwegaa Khalid 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Marcellus formation has begun to attract more attention from the oil and gas industry. Despite being the largest shale formation and biggest source of natural gas in the United States, it has been the subject of little research. To fill this gap, this study experimentally examined the rock properties of twenty core samples from the formation.
Five tests were performed on the core samples: X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scan, porosity, permeability, ultrasonic velocity, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). CT-scans were performed to identify the presence of any existing fracture(s). Additionally, helium was injected into the core samples at four different pressures (100 psi, 200 psi, 300 psi, and 400 psi) to determine the optimal pressure for porosity measurements. Complex Transient Method was employed to measure the permeabilities of the core samples. Ultrasonic velocity tests were conducted to calculate the dynamic Young's moduli (E) and the Poisson's ratios (ν) of the core samples at various confining pressures (in increments of 750 psi between 750 psi and 4,240 psi). Finally, the mineralogical compositions of the core samples were determined using the XRD test.
The results of the CT-scan experiments revealed that seven core samples contained fractures. The porosity tests yielded an optimal pressure of 200 psi for porosity measurement. The measured porosities of the samples were between 6.43% and 13.85%. The permeabilities of the samples were between 5 nD and 153 nD. The results of the ultrasonic velocity tests revealed that at the confining pressure of 750 psi, the compressional velocity (Vp) ranged from 18,411 ft/s to 19,128 ft/s and the average shear velocities (Vs1 and Vs2) ranged from 10,413 ft/s to 11,034 ft/s. At the same confining pressure, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio ranged from 9.8 to 10.8 million psi and 0.25 to 0.28, respectively. Increase in the confining pressure resulted in increases in the Vp, Vs, Young's moduli, and Poisson's ratios of the samples. The results of the XRD test revealed that the samples were composed of calcite, quartz, and dolomite.
This study is one of the first to characterize core samples obtained from the formation outcrop by performing five tests: CT-scan, porosity, permeability, ultrasonic velocity, and XRD. The results provide detailed insights to researchers working on the formation rock properties.