bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition between Al3+ and Fe3+ binding to human transferrin and toxicological implications: structural investigations using ultra-high resolution ESI MS and CD spectroscopy
Authors: Ott Dorothee B , Hartwig Andrea , Stillman Martin J 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Human serum transferrin (hTF) is an iron binding protein with the primary task of ensuring well-controlled transport of Fe3+-ions in the bloodstream. Furthermore, hTF has been identified as a key component in the trafficking of Al3+-ions from the serum to cells. It is clear that binding alone does not guarantee cellular uptake via the transferrin receptor, since this is determined by the structural properties of the metal–protein complex. The conformation of the metallated hTF is critically important for delivery of Fe3+ or any other metal into the cell. The combination of ultra-high resolution ESI mass spectrometry and CD spectroscopy together provide accurate species distribution of the Fe3+ during stepwise addition to apo-hTF and an indirect indication of the tertiary structure of the metallated protein. These two methods together are extremely fine probes of structural changes as a function of precise metal binding status at micromolar concentrations. Simulation of the precise domain distribution could be determined during the stepwise metallation from 0 to 2 Fe3+ added. Analysis of the ESI-MS data for the stepwise metallation of apo-hTF and Al1 or 2-hTF with Fe3+ was carried out and used to simulate the experimental speciation based on the reported KF values. There are six main conclusions: (1) Fe3+ binds predominantly, initially to the C-lobe. (2) The CD spectral properties indicate that the C-lobe metallation dominates the structural properties of both binding sites; N-lobe metallation modifies the C-lobe structure. (3) Fe3+ metallation of the mixed Al1–2-hTF results in the dominant form of Fe1Al1-hTF. (4) The first Fe3+ bound to Al1-hTF binds predominantly in the C-lobe domain. (5) The CD spectral properties when Fe3+ binds to Al1–2-hTF indicates that Al–N-lobe occupation mirrors the structural effects of N-lobe occupation by Fe3+. (6) With respect to how Al3+ might enter the cell, the formation of a hybrid form Al1Fe1-hTF might enable the Al3+ to enter the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis due to the binding of Fe3+ in the C-lobe of the protein which is primarily responsible for the structure of the metal–protein complex.
Growth after the streaming instability
Authors: Liu Beibei , Ormel Chris W. , Johansen Anders 
Published: March 2019

Context. Streaming instability is a key mechanism in planet formation, clustering pebbles into planetesimals with the help of self-gravity. It is triggered at a particular disk location where the local volume density of solids exceeds that of the gas. After their formation, planetesimals can grow into protoplanets by feeding from other planetesimals in the birth ring as well as by accreting inwardly drifting pebbles from the outer disk.
Aims. We aim to investigate the growth of planetesimals into protoplanets at a single location through streaming instability. For a solar-mass star, we test the conditions under which super-Earths are able to form within the lifetime of the gaseous disk.
Methods. We modified the Mercury N-body code to trace the growth and dynamical evolution of a swarm of planetesimals at a distance of 2.7 AU from the star. The code simulates gravitational interactions and collisions among planetesimals, gas drag, type I torque, and pebble accretion. Three distributions of planetesimal sizes were investigated: (i) a mono-dispersed population of 400 km radius planetesimals, (ii) a poly-dispersed population of planetesimals from 200 km up to 1000 km, (iii) a bimodal distribution with a single runaway body and a swarm of smaller, 100 km size planetesimals.
Results. The mono-dispersed population of 400 km size planetesimals cannot form protoplanets of a mass greater than that of the Earth. Their eccentricities and inclinations are quickly excited, which suppresses both planetesimal accretion and pebble accretion. Planets can form from the poly-dispersed and bimodal distributions. In these circumstances, it is the two-component nature that damps the random velocity of the large embryo through the dynamical friction of small planetesimals, allowing the embryo to accrete pebbles efficiently when it approaches 10−2 M⊕. Accounting for migration, close-in super-Earth planets form. Super-Earth planets are likely to form when the pebble mass flux is higher, the disk turbulence is lower, or the Stokes number of the pebbles is higher.
Conclusions. For the single site planetesimal formation scenario, a two-component mass distribution with a large embryo and small planetesimals promotes planet growth, first by planetesimal accretion and then by pebble accretion of the most massive protoplanet. Planetesimal formation at single locations such as ice lines naturally leads to super-Earth planets by the combined mechanisms of planetesimal accretion and pebble accretion.
Thermal stability of magnetohydrodynamic modes in homogeneous plasmas
Authors: Claes N. , Keppens R. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Thermal instabilities give rise to condensations in the solar corona, and are the most probable scenario for coronal rain and prominence formation. We revisit the original theoretical treatment done by Field (1965, ApJ, 142, 531) in a homogeneous plasma with heat-loss effects and combine this with state-of-the-art numerical simulations to verify growth-rate predictions and address the long-term non-linear regime. We especially investigate interaction between multiple magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes and how they in turn trigger thermal mode development.
Aims. We assess how well the numerical MHD simulations retrieve the analytically predicted growth rates. We complete the original theory with quantifications of the eigenfunctions, calculated to consistently excite each wave mode. Thermal growth rates are fitted also in the non-linear regime of multiple wave–wave interaction setups, at the onset of thermal instability formation.
Methods. We performed 2D numerical MHD simulations, including an additional (radiative) heat-loss term and a constant heating term to the energy equation. We mainly focus on the thermal (i.e. entropy) and slow MHD wave modes and use the wave amplitude as a function of time to make a comparison to predicted growth rates.
Results. It is shown that the numerical MHD simulations retrieve analytically predicted growth rates for all modes, of thermal and slow or fast MHD type. In typical coronal conditions, the latter are damped due to radiative losses, but their interaction can cause slowly changing equilibrium conditions which ultimately trigger thermal mode development. Even in these non-linear wave-wave interaction setups, the growth rate of the thermal instability agrees with the exponential profile predicted by linear theory. The non-linear evolutions show systematic field-guided motions of condensations with fairly complex morphologies, resulting from thermal modes excited through damped slow MHD waves. These results are of direct interest to the study of solar coronal rain and prominence fine structure. Our wave–wave interaction setups are relevant for coronal loop sections which are known to host slow wave modes, and hence provide a new route to explain the sudden onset of coronal condensation.
Surface evolution of the Anhur region on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from high-resolution OSIRIS images
Authors: Fornasier S. , Feller C. , Hasselmann P. H. , Barucci M. A. , Sunshine J. , Vincent J.-B. , Shi X. , Sierks H. , Naletto G. , Lamy P. L. , Rodrigo R. , Koschny D. , Davidsson B. , Bertaux J.-L. , Bertini I. , Bodewits D. , Cremonese G. , Da Deppo V. , Debei S. , De Cecco M. , Deller J. , Ferrari S. , Fulle M. , Gutierrez P. J. , Güttler C. , Ip W.-H. , Jorda L. , Keller H. U. , Lara M. L. , Lazzarin M. , Lopez Moreno J. J. , Lucchetti A. , Marzari F. , Mottola S. , Pajola M. , Toth I. , Tubiana C. 
Published: March 2019

Context. The southern hemisphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) became observable by the Rosetta mission in March 2015, a few months before cometary southern vernal equinox. The Anhur region in the southern part of the comet’s larger lobe was found to be highly eroded, enriched in volatiles, and highly active.
Aims. We analyze high-resolution images of the Anhur region pre- and post-perihelion acquired by the OSIRIS imaging system on board the Rosetta mission. The Narrow Angle Camera is particularly useful for studying the evolution in Anhur in terms of morphological changes and color variations.
Methods. Radiance factor images processed by the OSIRIS pipeline were coregistered, reprojected onto the 3D shape model of the comet, and corrected for the illumination conditions.
Results. We find a number of morphological changes in the Anhur region that are related to formation of new scarps; removal of dust coatings; localized resurfacing in some areas, including boulders displacements; and vanishing structures, which implies localized mass loss that we estimate to be higher than 50 million kg. The strongest changes took place in and nearby the Anhur canyon-like structure, where significant dust cover was removed, an entire structure vanished, and many boulders were rearranged. All such changes are potentially associated with one of the most intense outbursts registered by Rosetta during its observations, which occurred one day before perihelion passage. Moreover, in the niche at the foot of a new observed scarp, we also see evidence of water ice exposure that persisted for at least six months. The abundance of water ice, evaluated from a linear mixing model, is relatively high (>20%). Our results confirm that the Anhur region is volatile-rich and probably is the area on 67P with the most pristine exposures near perihelion.
The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey:ugriimaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
Authors: Kuijken K. , Heymans C. , Dvornik A. , Hildebrandt H. , de Jong J. T. A. , Wright A. H. , Erben T. , Bilicki M. , Giblin B. , Shan H.-Y. , Getman F. , Grado A. , Hoekstra H. , Miller L. , Napolitano N. , Paolilo M. , Radovich M. , Schneider P. , Sutherland W. , Tewes M. , Tortora C. , Valentijn E. A. , Verdoes Kleijn G. A. 
Published: March 2019

Context. The Kilo-Degree Survey (KiDS) is an ongoing optical wide-field imaging survey with the OmegaCAM camera at the VLT Survey Telescope, specifically designed for measuring weak gravitational lensing by galaxies and large-scale structure. When completed it will consist of 1350 square degrees imaged in four filters (ugri).Aims. Here we present the fourth public data release which more than doubles the area of sky covered by data release 3. We also include aperture-matchedZYJHKsphotometry from our partner VIKING survey on the VISTA telescope in the photometry catalogue. We illustrate the data quality and describe the catalogue content.Methods. Two dedicated pipelines are used for the production of the optical data. TheASTRO-WISE information system is used for the production of co-added images in the four survey bands, while a separate reduction of ther-band images using theTHELIpipeline is used to provide a source catalogue suitable for the core weak lensing science case. All data have been re-reduced for this data release using the latest versions of the pipelines. The VIKING photometry is obtained as forced photometry on theTHELIsources, using a re-reduction of the VIKING data that starts from the VISTA pawprints. Modifications to the pipelines with respect to earlier releases are described in detail. The photometry is calibrated to theGaiaDR2Gband using stellar locus regression.Results. In this data release a total of 1006 square-degree survey tiles with stackedugriimages are made available, accompanied by weight maps, masks, and single-band source lists. We also provide a multi-band catalogue based onr-band detections, including homogenized photometry and photometric redshifts, for the whole dataset. Mean limiting magnitudes (5σin a 2″ aperture) and the tile-to-tile rms scatter are 24.23 ± 0.12, 25.12 ± 0.14, 25.02 ± 0.13, 23.68 ± 0.27 inugri, respectively, and the meanr-band seeing is 0.​​″70.
Experimente mit Tierblutübertragung und die erste Mensch-zu-Mensch-Bluttransfusion durch James Blundell, den „Vater der Transfusionsmedizin“
Authors: Offner Robert 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Antike und in der frühen Neuzeit war der Aderlass als Allzweckheilmethode im Sinne der vorherrschenden humoralen Pathologie sehr verbreitet, das Gegenteil, die Bluttransfusion, jedoch nicht. Im Juni 1667 führten Jean-Baptiste Denis und der Chirurg Paul Emmerez in Paris die erste Transfusion von Lammblut in einen Menschen durch. Ein paar Wochen später realisierten die Physiologen Edmund King und Richard Lower auch eine erfolgreiche Bluttransfusion von Tier zu Mensch, aber nach 1668 verlor dieser riskante Eingriff für fast 150 Jahre an Bedeutung. Erst Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts begannen Chirurgen und Ärzte, Tierversuche mit Bluttransfusionen zu wiederholen. Im frühen 19. Jahrhundert bemühte sich der britische Geburtshelfer und Physiologe Dr. James Blundell (1790 – 1877), lebensbedrohliche Blutverluste durch Transfusion menschlichen Blutes zu behandeln. Nach zahlreichen Tierversuchen führte er 1818 die erste menschliche Bluttransfusion bei einem Patienten mit Magenkrebs durch. Die Wirkung hielt jedoch nur wenige Stunden an. Blundell unternahm 1825 die erste erfolgreiche Transfusion menschlichen Blutes, um eine postpartale Blutung zu behandeln. Er benutzte den Ehemann der Patientin als Blutspender und entnahm 4 Unzen Blut aus dessen Arm, um dieses seiner bewusstlosen Frau zu transfundieren. Hierbei verwendete er das selbst entwickelte Transfusionsgerät namens Gravitator. Blundell veröffentlichte 1828 in „The Lancet“ diese erfolgreiche erste Menschenbluttransfusion der Moderne. Bereits 1828 verwirklichten der deutsche Geburtshelfer Dr. Georg A. E. Klett und sein Assistent, der Chirurg Ernst W. Schrägele, in Heilbronn die erste menschliche Bluttransfusion im deutschsprachigen Raum bei einer 41-jährigen Frau, die nach der Geburt viel Blut verloren hatte. Auch diese Behandlung wurde von Erfolg gekrönt. Klett und Schrägele haben darüber im „Medicinischen Correspondenz-Blatt des Württembergischen Ärztlichen Vereins“ berichtet. Es ist somit nicht überraschend, dass gerade Geburtshelfer an der Wiege der modernen Transfusion standen.
Kindergesundheit – welche Rolle spielt die Ernährung aus medizinischer Sicht?
Authors: Riedl Matthias 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungJedes 6. Kind in Deutschland ist übergewichtig und jedes 20. adipös. Im Fokus der Vorbeugung und Behandlung kindlichen Übergewichts und seiner Folgeerkrankungen stehen die Eltern. Neben diversen sozioökonomischen Faktoren des familiären Umfelds ist das Gewicht der Eltern der wichtigste Prädiktor für kindliches Übergewicht: Nicht nur dass diese Eltern ihr eigenes Übergewicht häufig nicht als Problem erkennen, sondern auch nicht das ihrer Kinder. Zusammen mit den frühkindlichen Ernährungsprägungen nach dem Mere-Exposure-Effekt, nach dem das zur Lieblingsspeise wird, was angeboten wurde, zementieren solche Familien krankmachende Ernährungsweisen mit bis zum dreifachen des empfohlenen Zuckerkonsums. Diese Kinder werden anfälliger für Herzkreislauferkrankungen, Diabetes, psychische Störungen und Krebs. Jedes zweite adipöse Kind leidet schon am metabolischen Syndrom. Kindliches Übergewicht sollte daher so früh wie möglich erkannt und im familiären Setting therapiert werden. Bewährt hat sich in der Ernährungstherapie die Anwendung des 20:80 Prinzips im Ernährungscoaching mit der Optimierung möglichst nur weniger, aber dafür relevanter Ernährungsfehler. Als Grundlage sollte das Konstrukt der artgerechten Ernährung dienen: Sie ist vegetarisch basiert, proteinoptimiert und fettliberalisiert. Sie kann ernährungstherapeutische Prinzipien wie die antientzündliche Therapie inkludieren.
Clinical Relevance of Seizure in Pediatric Patients with Isolated Acute Subdural Hematoma without Parenchymal Brain Injury
Authors: Won Sae-Yeon , Dubinski Daniel , Behmanesh Bedjan , Strzelczyk Adam , Seifert Volker , Konczalla Juergen , Freiman Thomas M. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose Isolated acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) in pediatric patients is rare, but it has a major impact on outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence, seizure risk factors, and the outcome of pediatric patients with aSDH.
Methods Within a 10-year period (2007–2016), 10 children with aSDH were identified. Baseline characteristics and these parameters were analyzed: pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (pGCS) score at admission and 24 hours after the operation, hematoma volume/side, and midline shift. Functional outcome was assessed at 3-month follow-up using the King's Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury score.
Results Three subgroups were identified depending on age and etiology: birth-associated, nontraumatic, and traumatic aSDH. The overall incidence of seizures was 60%, and an even higher rate (75%) was observed in children < 1 month of age. Of those patients, two (67%) developed late seizures. Significant predictors for seizures were low pGCS score at admission (p = 0.03) and 24 hours after surgery (p = 0.03) as well as increased midline shift (p = 0.02). Patients with seizures tended to have an unfavorable outcome.
Conclusion Pediatric patients with aSDH are at high risk for seizures, particularly if the pGCS score is low at admission/24 hours after the operation and midline shows a shift. Determining seizure-prone pediatric patients may facilitate early antiepileptic treatment and promote better clinical outcomes.
Impact of Electronic versus Paper-Based Recording before EHR Implementation on Health Care Professionals' Perceptions of EHR Use, Data Quality, and Data Reuse
Authors: Joukes Erik , de Keizer Nicolette , de Bruijne Martine , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Cornet Ronald 
Published: March 2019

Background The implementation of an electronic health record (EHR) with structured and standardized recording of patient data can improve data quality and reusability. Whether and how users perceive these advantages may depend on the preimplementation situation.
Objective To determine whether the influence of implementing a structured and standardized EHR on perceived EHR use, data quality, and data reuse differed for users working with paper-based records versus a legacy EHR before implementation.
Methods We used an electronic questionnaire to measure users' perception before implementation (2014), expected change, and perceived change after implementation (2016) on three themes. We included all health care professionals in two university hospitals in the Netherlands. Before jointly implementing the same structured and standardized EHR, one hospital used paper-based records and the other a legacy EHR. We compared perceptions before and after implementation for both centers. Additionally, we compared expected benefit with perceived benefit.
Results We received 7,611 responses (4,537 before and 3,074 after implementation) of which 5,707 (75%) were from professionals reading and recording patient data. A total of 975 (13%) professionals responded to both before and after implementation questionnaires. In the formerly paper-based center staff perceived improvement in all themes after implementation. The legacy EHR center experienced deterioration of perceived EHR use and data reuse, and only one improvement in EHR use. In both centers, for half of the aspects at least 45% of responders experienced results worse than expected preimplementation.
Conclusion Our results indicate that the preimplementation recording practice impacts the perceived effect of the implementation of a structured and standardized EHR. For almost half of the respondents the new EHR did not meet their expectations. Especially legacy EHR centers need to investigate the expectations as these might be different and less clear cut than those in paper-based centers. These expectations need to be addressed appropriately to achieve a successful implementation.
Pediatric Residency Graduates Preparedness for Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship: The Perspective of First-Year Fellows
Authors: Korbel Lindsey , Backes Carl H. , Rivera Brian K. , Mitchell Courtney C. , Carbajal Melissa M. , Reber Kristina , Bonachea Elizabeth M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to report on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM) fellows' views of self-preparedness upon starting postresidency training.
Study Design We conducted a national survey of first-year NPM fellows in the United States. The validated survey had five major areas: professionalism, psychomotor ability, independence/graduated responsibility, clinical evaluation, and academia. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the free-text answers were categorized.
Results Of 228 potential first-year NPM fellows, 140 (61%) initially responded to the survey. Overall, the fellows perceived themselves positively in professionalism and independence/graduated responsibility domains. Marked variability was observed in perceived preparedness in psychomotor ability, with confidence in neonatal intubation and arterial line placement of 86 and 49%, respectively. Lack of confidence in performing neonatal intubation procedures correlates with lack of attempts. The majority (75%) of fellows reported being interested in academia, but less than half felt capable of writing an article.
Conclusion First-year NPM fellows identified deficiencies in the domains of psychomotor ability and academia. Residency and fellowship programs should partner to address these deficiencies.
Incremental Cost of Prematurity by Week of Gestational Age
Authors: Walsh Eileen , Li Sherian , Black Libby , Kuzniewicz Michael 
Published: March 2019

Objective This study was aimed to compare health care costs and utilization at birth through 1 year, between preterm and term infants, by week of gestation.
Methods A cross-sectional study of infants born at ≥ 23 weeks of gestational age (GA) at Kaiser Permanente Northern California facilities between 2000 and 2011, using outcomes data from an internal neonatal registry and cost estimates from an internal cost management database. Adjusted models yielded estimates for cost differences for each GA group.
Results Infants born at 25 to 37 weeks incur significantly higher birth hospitalization costs and experience significantly more health care utilization during the initial year of life, increasing progressively for each decreasing week of gestation, when compared with term infants. Among all very preterm infants (≤ 32 weeks), each 1-week decrease in GA is associated with incrementally higher rates of mortality and major morbidities.
Conclusion We provide estimates of potential cost savings that could be attributable to interventions that delay or prevent preterm delivery. Cost differences were most extreme at the lower range of gestation (≤ 30 weeks); however, infants born moderately preterm (31–36 weeks) also contribute substantially to the burden, as they represent a higher proportion of total births.
Fast scrambling on sparse graphs
Authors: Bentsen Gregory , Gu Yingfei , Lucas Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Are there bounds on quantum information processing and thermalization in many-body quantum systems? The fast-scrambling conjecture states that quantum information processing times must grow at least logarithmically with the number of degrees of freedom. We derive this result for generic systems. We discuss the nonuniversal relationship between scrambling and many-body quantum chaos, which is often used as a diagnostic for fast scrambling. We also find explicit examples of sparsely connected quantum systems which are fast scramblers, suggesting additional routes to experimentally testing the fast-scrambling conjecture in cold atomic gases. These results clarify for which information-processing tasks quantum black holes may be the fastest quantum systems.