bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 900-year New England temperature reconstruction from in situ seasonally produced branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs)
Authors: Miller Daniel R. , Habicht M. Helen , Keisling Benjamin A. , Castañeda Isla S. , Bradley Raymond S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Paleotemperature reconstructions are essential for distinguishing
anthropogenic climate change from natural variability. An emerging method in
paleolimnology is the use of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers
(brGDGTs) in sediments to reconstruct temperature, but their application is
hindered by a limited understanding of their sources, seasonal production,
and transport. Here, we report seasonally resolved measurements of brGDGT
production in the water column, in catchment soils, and in a sediment core
from Basin Pond, a small, deep inland lake in Maine, USA. We find similar
brGDGT distributions in both water column and lake sediment samples but the
catchment soils have distinct brGDGT distributions suggesting that
(1) brGDGTs are produced within the lake and (2) this in situ production
dominates the down-core sedimentary signal. Seasonally, depth-resolved
measurements indicate that most brGDGT production occurs in late fall, and at
intermediate depths (18–30 m) in the water column. We utilize these
observations to help interpret a Basin Pond brGDGT-based temperature
reconstruction spanning the past 900 years. This record exhibits trends similar
to a pollen record from the same site and also to regional and global
syntheses of terrestrial temperatures over the last millennium. However, the
Basin Pond temperature record shows higher-frequency variability than has
previously been captured by such an archive in the northeastern United
States, potentially attributed to the North Atlantic Oscillation and volcanic
or solar activity. This first brGDGT-based multi-centennial
paleoreconstruction from this region contributes to our understanding of the
production and fate of brGDGTs in lacustrine systems.
Edith Wharton as Regionalist: A New Context for Reading Summer
Authors: Billips Martha 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Edith Wharton's often disparaging remarks about her New England “predecessors”—Sarah Orne Jewett, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and others—remain well known, and many critics have studied her relationship to these writers and the regional tradition their work exemplifies. This analysis, however, reads Wharton's novel Summer in relationship not only to Jewett's “A White Heron,” but also alongside the story “A Star in the Valley” by another writer in the regional tradition, Mary Noailles Murfree of Tennessee. Comparing these three stories of encounter between an urban, male visitor and a local rural girl suggests the subversive nature of both Jewett's and Wharton's works—something Wharton may not have recognized in Jewett's piece. Moreover, the comparison among the three authors demonstrates that Wharton worked within and against a network of women writers closely associated with the Atlantic Monthly, a network that included writers from the Appalachian South and other locales as well as New England. The analysis reads her final New England novel, Summer, through the lens of this tradition.
Making Sense of the Law and Society Movement
Authors: Blocq Daniel , van der Woude Maartje 
Published: November 2018

Making Sense of the Law and Society Movement
This article aims to deepen scholarly understanding of the Law and Society Movement (L&S) and thereby strengthen debates about the relation between Empirical Legal Studies (ELS) and L&S. The article departs from the observation that ELS, understood as an initiative that emerged in American law schools in the early 2000s, has been quite successful in generating more attention to the empirical study of law and legal institutions in law schools, both in- and outside the US. In the early years of its existence, L&S – another important site for the empirical study of law and legal institutions – also had its center of gravity inside the law schools. But over time, it shifted towards the social sciences. This article discusses how that happened, and more in general explains how L&S became ever more diverse in terms of substance, theory and methods.
OXIDATIVE-REDUCING PROCESSES WITH PARTICIPATION OF MANGANESE IONS INITIATED BY AN ELECTRIC DISCHARGE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Shutov Dmitriy A. , Sungurova Aleksandra V. , Smirnova Kristina V. , Manukyan Anna S. , Rybkin Vladimir V. 
Published: November 2018

The results of experimental studies of the kinetics of oxidation-reduction of Mn7+ ions (MnO4-) in aqueous solutions initiated by the action of a discharge of a direct current of atmospheric pressure in air are analyzed in the article. A solution of potassium permanganate served as a discharge cathode. The range of initial solution concentrations for Mn7+ ions was (0.44-2.5) mmol/l, and discharge currents (20-60) mA. It was found that the discharge action leads to the reduction of Mn7+ ions and discoloration of the solution. At the same time, dark solid particles with a size of 0.1 μm to 20 μm are formed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles are amorphous, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that the powder is manganese oxide (IV). The kinetics of reduction-oxidation of Mn7+ ions is measured. It is shown that the obtained data on the kinetics of the reduction of Mn7+ ions in the best way (the determination coefficient R2≈0.99) can be described by the scheme X↔Y↔Z, where X is the starting material, and Y and Z are the reaction products. The processing of kinetic curves on the basis of this scheme found the effective rate constants of the corresponding stages. It was found that the effective rate constants depend on the initial concentration of the solution. At a discharge current of 20 mA, an increase in the concentration from 0.44 to 2.5 mol/l led to a decrease in the rate constant for the reduction of Mn7+ ions from (2.48 ± 0.5) ·10-2 to (7.2 ± 1.5) ·10-3 s-1, respectively. Possible mechanisms of processes are discussed. It is assumed that the main particles involved in the oxidation reactions of the reduction of manganese ions are H2O2, HO2, OH and solvated electrons that are formed in the solution under the action of a discharge.
For citation:
Shutov D.A., Sungurova A.V., Smirnova K.V., Manukyan A.S., Rybkin V.V. Oxidative-reducing processes with participation of manganese ions initiated by electric discharge in aqueous solution. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 9-10. P. 23-29
« Qu’on leur donne du pain, de l’instruction et de la foi » : réponse de l’Eglise face aux problèmes des jeunes inadaptés en Guadeloupe (1935-1990)
Authors: PALMISTE Claire Lucienne 
Published: November 2018

L’Oeuvre Saint Jean Bosco, fondée en 1944, était gérée par l’Association Protection de l’Enfance (APE) dont la mission était de protéger les enfants abandonnés et les vieillards et de soulager les infirmes et les malades. Saint-Jean Bosco fut créé à la période charnière de transformation des anciennes colonies françaises en départements d’outre-mer. La mission de l’oeuvre était de « protéger, sauver, éduquer les enfants pauvres : orphelins, délaissés et enfants dévoyés ». Face aux contraintes économiques et sociales sa mission évolua, reflétant la tension entre prérogatives de l’Etat sur les enfants en danger moral et actions caritatives de l’Eglise.
En s’appuyant sur les archives diocésaines, cette contribution analysera la singularité de l’Oeuvre Saint Jean Bosco en adoptant une approche diachronique. L’oeuvre se situe à la croisée de plusieurs problématiques : la relation entre le religieux et le séculier en Guadeloupe, les origines et l’évolution de la prise en charge de l’enfance en danger moral avec une prise en compte de l’intérêt de l’enfant, et les conditions qui ont permis le passage d’une structure d’accueil des enfants en danger moral à une structure plus axée sur l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes.
Cancer and mTOR inhibitors in kidney transplantation recipients
Authors: Kao Chih-Chin , Liu Jia-Sin , Chang Yu-Kang , Lin Ming-Huang , Lin Yen-Chung , Chen Hsi-Hsien , Chang Wei-Chiao , Hsu Chih-Cheng , Wu Mai-Szu 
Published: November 2018

Background
Previous studies show that mTOR inhibitors decrease the risk of cancer development after kidney transplantation. However, the effect of cumulative doses of mTOR inhibitors on cancer after kidney transplantation is not well known.

Methods
In the current study, patients were registered into a national database in Taiwan. Between year 2000 and 2013, 4,563 patients received kidney transplantation. They were divided into two groups, according to mTOR inhibitors usage. The cumulative dose of mTOR inhibitors was recorded. Patients were followed-up until de novo cancer development, death, or the end of 2014.

Results
Patients were divided into two groups: mTOR inhibitors users (study group, n = 828) and mTOR inhibitors non-users (control group, n = 3,735). The median follow-up duration was 7.8 years. The risk of de novo cancer (hazards ratio (HR) 0.80, 95% CI [0.60–1.09], p = 0.16) and risk of death (HR 1.14, 95% CI [0.82–1.60], p = 0.43) was not different between mTOR inhibitor user and non-user groups. Neither high- nor low-dose exposure to mTOR inhibitors was associated with increased risk of cancer or mortality. Analysis of cancer subtypes showed no influence by mTOR inhibitors. In addition, the cause of mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.

Discussion
We could not find the association of mTOR inhibitors use and risk of de novo cancer development or mortality in patients with kidney transplantation in Chinese patients. Cumulative exposure to mTOR inhibitors did not change the results.
ORÇAMENTO PARTICIPATIVO: LIMITES, RISCOS E POTENCIALIDADES
Authors: Bodart Cristiano Das Neves 
Published: November 2018

Este paper tem por objetivo discutir algumas das potencialidades de práticas do Orçamento Participativo (doravante OP), bem como os riscos existentes se posto em prática de forma mal sucedida. Adotamos a revisão de literatura, especialmente as contribui- ções de autores que se dedicaram ao tema, tais como, Marquetti, Campos, Pires, Avritzer, Navarro, Ribeiro e Grazia. Destacamos que seus possíveis benefícios não se restringem apenas à sociedade civil, mas também ao poder público e suas limitações estão diretamente relacionadas às questões políticas e técnicas que envolve a efetivação de sua prática.
3D Nanostructured Multielectrode Arrays: Fabrication, Electrochemical Characterization, and Evaluation of Cell–Electrode Adhesion
Authors: Decker Dominique , Hempelmann Rolf , Natter Harald , Pirrung Melissa , Rabe Holger , Schäfer Karl Herbert , Saumer Monika 
Published: November 2018

Abstract3D nanostructures on top of planar multielectrode array (MEA) electrodes increase the surface area and can offer a tight and stable cell–electrode interface, thus leading to a crucial increase of the signal‐to‐noise ratio during measurement. However, each individual cell type might need specific dimensions and an arrangement of nanostructures that fits ideally to a specific cell type. Therefore, a fabrication method of 3D nanostructured MEA chips based on nanoimprint lithography, gold electroplating, and microstructuring techniques is presented which allows the fabrication of a whole set of MEA chips with different nanostructure layouts in one single approach. The chips are characterized using electrochemical methods, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, an impedance measurement method is presented to quantify cell–electrode adhesion of nanostructured and unstructured electrodes using the human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK 293). Double‐layer capacitance, transferred charge, and impedance values of different nanostructure layouts revealed a significant improvement compared to unstructured electrodes. The improvement strongly correlates with the increase of the electrochemical active surface area. Impedance measurement with impedance‐stable HEK 293 cells allows discriminating differences of cell adhesion between the individual nanostructure layouts. A significant increase or decrease of cell–electrode coupling depending on the nanostructure layout is demonstrated.
High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Surface Tailoring of Polypropylene Separator with a Polydopamine/Graphene Layer
Authors: Kim Patrick J. , Pol Vilas G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries suffer from the intrinsic issues associated with poor Coulombic efficiency and dendritic Li growth. Herein, a multifunctional trilayer membrane is reported first by depositing a dual layer of a polydopamine (PDA) and a graphene‐carboxymethyl cellulose (Gr‐CMC) on top of the standard polypropylene separator in order to enhance the cycle performance and electrochemical stabilities of Li metal electrodes. The Gr‐CMC layer of the designed separator has an excellent electrolyte wettability, enhanced electrical conductivity, and additional capacity for Li storage. These strong benefits facilitate the excellent and effective electrochemical reactions and kinetics in both the Li/Cu half‐cell and the Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) full cell. When the PDA/Gr‐CMC separator is employed in both systems, the cycle stability and Coulombic efficiency are dramatically improved and the interfacial impedance between the electrode and the separator is significantly reduced. Electrochemical stability tests at 0 °C further demonstrate the positive potential of the designed separator for facilitating the stable operation of Li metal batteries. The approach not only serves as an effective way of enhancing the life‐time and capacity of Li metal batteries but also can broaden the material options for the development of advanced Li metal batteries.
Maternal breast volume in pregnancy and lactation capacity
Authors: Żelaźniewicz Agnieszka , Pawłowski Bogusław 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesSuccessful breastfeeding, crucial for a child's development, depends on a woman's ability to initiate lactation, milk yield, and composition. Those traits differ among women, but the cause and physiological mechanisms responsible for this variation are not fully understood yet. Growing evidence shows that lactation and milk composition vary among women and depend on maternal traits. The aim of this study was to test whether breast volume and its changes during pregnancy are related to the nutritional quality of breastmilk and to breastfeeding dynamics.Material and MethodsAlmost 93 pregnant women (mean age: 29.67 ± 3.65), participated in the longitudinal study. Breast measurement was performed at each pregnancy trimester using 3D scanning. Milk samples were collected in the beginning of the second month of lactation from 69 women. Milk macronutrient and calorie content were measured. Women were also interviewed on breastfeeding time and frequency.ResultsBreast volume changes during pregnancy were not related to the probability of establishing successful lactation, milk calorie, fat and protein content. We found a negative correlation between milk lactose content and breast volume in the second and third trimester but not with breast volume change. Maternal breast volume in pregnancy was also positively related to the total breastfeeding time (per 24 hr).ConclusionsThe results are in line with the notion that milk macronutrient content tends to be weakly associated with various maternal factors and adverse conditions. However, maternal breast volume and its changes during pregnancy are related with time spent breastfeeding per day, what suggests a positive correlation between breast volume in pregnancy and milk yield.
Shades of complexity: New perspectives on the evolution and genetic architecture of human skin
Authors: Quillen Ellen E. , Norton Heather L. , Parra Esteban J. , Lona‐Durazo Frida , Ang Khai C. , Illiescu Florin Mircea , Pearson Laurel N. , Shriver Mark D. , Lasisi Tina , Gokcumen Omer , Starr Izzy , Lin Yen‐Lung , Martin Alicia R. , Jablonski Nina G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLike many highly variable human traits, more than a dozen genes are known to contribute to the full range of skin color. However, the historical bias in favor of genetic studies in European and European‐derived populations has blinded us to the magnitude of pigmentation's complexity. As deliberate efforts are being made to better characterize diverse global populations and new sequencing technologies, better measurement tools, functional assessments, predictive modeling, and ancient DNA analyses become more widely accessible, we are beginning to appreciate how limited our understanding of the genetic bases of human skin color have been. Novel variants in genes not previously linked to pigmentation have been identified and evidence is mounting that there are hundreds more variants yet to be found. Even for genes that have been exhaustively characterized in European populations like MC1R, OCA2, and SLC24A5, research in previously understudied groups is leading to a new appreciation of the degree to which genetic diversity, epistatic interactions, pleiotropy, admixture, global and local adaptation, and cultural practices operate in population‐specific ways to shape the genetic architecture of skin color. Furthermore, we are coming to terms with how factors like tanning response and barrier function may also have influenced selection on skin throughout human history. By examining how our knowledge of pigmentation genetics has shifted in the last decade, we can better appreciate how far we have come in understanding human diversity and the still long road ahead for understanding many complex human traits.
Design of Single Gold Atoms on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon for Molecular Recognition in Alkyne Semi‐Hydrogenation
Authors: Lin Ronghe , Albani Davide , Fako Edvin , Kaiser Selina K. , Safonova Olga V. , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle‐atom heterogeneous catalysts with well‐defined architectures are promising for deriving structure–performance relationships, but the challenge lies in finely tuning the structural and electronic properties of the metal. To tackle this point, a new approach based on the surface diffusion of gold atoms on different cavities of N‐doped carbon is presented. By controlling the activation temperature, the coordination neighbors (Cl, O, N) and the oxidation state of the metal can be tailored. Semi‐hydrogenation of various alkynes on the single‐atom gold catalysts displays substrate‐dependent catalytic responses; structure insensitive for alkynols with γ‐OH and unfunctionalized alkynes, and sensitive for alkynols with α‐OH. Density functional theory links the sensitivity for alkynols to the strong interaction between the substrate and specific gold‐cavity ensembles, mimicking a molecular recognition pattern that allows to identify the cavity site and to enhance the catalytic activity.
Isovalent Cation Ordering in the Polar Rhombohedral Perovskite Bi2FeAlO6
Authors: De Chandan , Arévalo‐López Ángel M. , Orlandi Fabio , Manuel Pascal , Attfield J. Paul , Sundaresan Athinarayanan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrdering of cations in different structural types occurs when there is a significant difference in the oxidation states and ionic radii of the ions involved. Herein we report an unusual ordering of isovalent cations Fe3+ and Al3+ in the polar rhombohedral R3 double perovskite structure of Bi2FeAlO6 synthesized at high‐pressure (6 GPa) and high‐temperature (1000 °C). This ordered structure is derived from the 1:1 combination of the polar oxides BiFeO3 (R3c) and BiAlO3 (R3c), which results in reduction of symmetry to an R3 structure where the Fe3+ and Al3+ ions are ordered in a rock salt manner. However, these ions remain disordered in BiFe1−xAlxO3 (x=0.2, 0.3, 0.4) perovskites with R3c structure. The ordered compound undergoes antiferromagnetic ordering at TN≈280 K. The butterfly nature of piezoelectric displacement loop further confirms the polar nature of the cation‐ordered Bi2FeAlO6.
A Mass‐Spectrometry‐Based Modelling Workflow for Accurate Prediction of IgG Antibody Conformations in the Gas Phase
Authors: Hansen Kjetil , Lau Andy M. , Giles Kevin , McDonnell James M. , Struwe Weston B. , Sutton Brian J. , Politis Argyris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmunoglobulins are biomolecules involved in defence against foreign substances. Flexibility is key to their functional properties in relation to antigen binding and receptor interactions. We have developed an integrative strategy combining ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM‐MS) with molecular modelling to study the conformational dynamics of human IgG antibodies. Predictive models of all four human IgG subclasses were assembled and their dynamics sampled in the transition from extended to collapsed state during IM‐MS. Our data imply that this collapse of IgG antibodies is related to their intrinsic structural features, including Fab arm flexibility, collapse towards the Fc region, and the length of their hinge regions. The workflow presented here provides an accurate structural representation in good agreement with the observed collision cross section for these flexible IgG molecules. These results have implications for studying other nonglobular flexible proteins.
A Bayesian decision analysis approach to assess voice disorder risks by using acoustic features
Authors: Rufo María J. , Martín Jacinto , Pérez Carlos J. , Paniagua Sandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVocal fold nodules are recognized as an occupational disease for all collective of workers performing activities for which maintained and continued use of voice is required. Computer‐aided systems based on features extracted from voice recordings have been considered as potential noninvasive and low cost tools to diagnose some voice‐related diseases. A Bayesian decision analysis approach has been proposed to classify university lectures in three levels of risk: low, medium, and high, based on the information provided by acoustic features extracted from healthy controls and people suffering from vocal fold nodules. The proposed risk groups are associated with different treatments. The approach is based on the calculation of posterior probabilities of developing vocal fold nodules and considers utility functions that include the financial cost and the probability of recovery for the corresponding treatment. Maximization of the expected utilities is considered. By using this approach, the risk of having vocal fold nodules is identified for each university lecturer, so he/she can be properly assigned to the right treatment. The approach has been applied to university lecturers according to the Disease Prevention Program of the University of Extremadura. However, it can also be applied to other voice professionals (singers, speakers, coaches, actors…).
NMR Characterization of Long‐Range Contacts in Intrinsically Disordered Proteins from Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement in 13C Direct‐Detection Experiments
Authors: Mateos Borja , Konrat Robert , Pierattelli Roberta , Felli Isabella C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) carry out many biological functions. They lack a stable 3D structure and are able to adopt many different conformations in dynamic equilibrium. The interplay between local dynamics and global rearrangements is key for their function. A widely used experimental NMR spectroscopy approach to study long‐range contacts in IDPs exploits paramagnetic effects, and 1H detection experiments are generally used to determine paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) for amide protons. However, under physiological conditions, exchange broadening hampers the detection of solvent‐exposed amide protons, which reduces the content of information available. Herein, we present an experimental approach based on direct carbon detection of PRE that provides improved resolution, reduced sensitivity to exchange broadening, and complementary information derived from the use of different starting polarization sources.