bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Internet of Things technology in the construction of wisdom museum
Authors: Ke Ge , Jiang Qijie 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe wisdom museum is an advanced development stage for information, digital, and intelligent museums. It utilizes a variety of information technologies such as the Internet of Things and various low‐carbon technologies, such as new energy and energy conservation, and integrates the needs of cultural heritage protection and cultural heritage. The new museum operation method realizes the perfect combination of information technology and traditional culture. It can be based on safety and health and can be collected, protected, and researched for a better education, research, and appreciation heritage through a convenient, efficient, and cultural smart system. Finally, it can be able to disseminate and display the material and intangible heritage of the human and human environment.
Spotting review spammer groups: A cosine pattern and network based method
Authors: Zhang Lu , He Gaofeng , Cao Jie , Zhu Haiting , Xu Bingfeng 
Published: May 2018

SummaryNowadays, online product reviews strongly influence the purchase decision of consumers in e‐commerce platforms. Driven by the immense financial profits, review spammers deliberately post fake reviews to promote or demote their target products. Some spammers are even organized as groups to work together and try to take total control of the sentiment on their target products. To detect such spammer groups, most previous works exploit frequent itemset mining (FIM) to find spammer group candidates and then use unsupervised spamicity ranking methods to identify real spammer groups. However, these methods usually suffer from the problem of threshold setting, ie, high support value finding fewer groups while low support value leading to more coincidentally generated groups and computational inefficiency. Moreover, the unsupervised methods are not able to make good use of labeled instances which are actually obtainable in practice. In this paper, we propose CONSGD, a cosine pattern and heterogeneous information network–based spammer group detecting method. Specifically, the CONSGD uses cosine pattern mining (CPM) to discover tight spammer group candidates with a respective low support value, where the cosine threshold is utilized to avoid coincidentally generated groups. Moreover, CONSGD employs heterogeneous information network classification to identify the real spammer groups, which could utilize the labeled instances and do not rely to the assumption of independent instances. Experiments on real‐life dataset show that our proposed CONSGD is effective and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art spammer group detection methods.
Fast multidimensional reduction and broadcast operations on GPU for machine learning
Authors: Dikbayır Doğa , Çoban Enis Berk , Kesen İlker , Yuret Deniz , Unat Didem 
Published: May 2018

SummaryReduction and broadcast operations are commonly used in machine learning algorithms for different purposes. They widely appear in the calculation of the gradient values of a loss function, which are one of the core structures of neural networks. Both operations are implemented naively in many libraries usually for scalar reduction or broadcast; however, to our knowledge, there are no optimized multidimensional implementations available. This fact limits the performance of machine learning models requiring these operations to be performed on tensors. In this work, we address the problem and propose two new strategies that extend the existing implementations to perform on tensors. We introduce formal definitions of both operations using tensor notations, investigate their mathematical properties, and exploit these properties to provide an efficient solution for each. We implement our parallel strategies and test them on a CUDA enabled Tesla K40 m GPU accelerator. Our performant implementations achieve up to 75% of the peak device memory bandwidth on different tensor sizes and dimensions. Significant speedups against the implementations available in the Knet Deep Learning framework are also achieved for both operations.
Boron Nitride for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Lale Abhijeet , Bernard Samuel , Demirci Umit B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBoron nitride, BN, for hydrogen storage emerged in the beginning of the millennium and there swiftly followed more than 15 years of efforts combining experimental laboratory works and to a greater extent computational predictions. BN has been considered mainly for the storage of molecular hydrogen, H2, by physisorption and/or chemisorption over a wide range of temperatures, that is, between −196 °C and 300 °C. Yet its potential has gone beyond the sorption of H2 as it has been also, although less extensively, involved in chemical H storage. The present review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the main experimental results and findings as well as of the different avenues worth being explored. A key lesson of this survey is that boron nitride may turn out to be a promising material for hydrogen storage at room conditions provided all the predictions come true. The “ball” is now in the lab experimenters’ court.
Valorization of Oleuropein via Tunable Acid‐Promoted Methanolysis
Authors: Cavaca Lídia A. S. , Rodrigues Catarina A. B. , Simeonov Svilen P. , Gomes Rafael F. A. , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Romanelli Gustavo P. , Sathicq Angel G. , Martínez José J. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe acid‐promoted methanolysis of oleuropein was studied using a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts. Exclusive cleavage of the acetal bond between the glucoside and the monoterpene subunits or further hydrolysis of the hydroxytyrosol ester and subsequent intramolecular rearrangement were observed upon identification of the most efficient catalyst and experimental conditions. Furthermore, selected conditions were tested using oleuropein under continuous flow and using a crude mixture extracted from olive leaves under batch. Formation of (−)‐methyl elenolate was also observed in this study, which is a reported precursor for the synthesis of the antihypertensive drug (−)‐ajmalicine.
A secure and enhanced elliptic curve cryptography‐based dynamic authentication scheme using smart card
Authors: R Madhusudhan , Hegde Manjunath , Memon Imran 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn remote system security, 2‐factor authentication is one of the security approaches and provides fundamental protection to the system. Recently, numerous 2‐factor authentication schemes are proposed. In 2014, Troung et al proposed an enhanced dynamic authentication scheme using smart card mainly to provide anonymity, secure mutual authentication, and session key security. By the analysis of Troung et al's scheme, we observed that Troung et al' s scheme does not provide user anonymity, perfect forward secrecy, server's secret key security and does not allow the user to choose his/her password. We also identified that Troung et al's scheme is vulnerable to replay attack. To fix these security weaknesses, a robust authentication scheme is proposed and analyzed using the formal verification tool for measuring the robustness. From the observation of computational efficiency of the proposed scheme, we conclude that the scheme is more secure and easy to implement practically.
Upgrades from a previous device compared to de novo cardiac resynchronization therapy in the European Society of Cardiology CRT Survey II
Authors: Linde Cecilia M. , Normand Camilla , Bogale Nigussie , Auricchio Angelo , Sterlinski Maciej , Marinskis Germanas , Sticherling Christian , Bulava Alan , Pérez Óscar Cano , Maass Alexander H. , Witte Klaus K. , Rekvava Roin , Abdelali Salima , Dickstein Kenneth 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundTo date, there are no data from randomized controlled studies on the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) when implanted as an upgrade in patients with a previous device as compared to de novo CRT. In the CRT Survey II we compared the baseline data of patients upgraded to CRT (CRT‐P/CRT‐D) from a previous pacemaker (PM) or implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) to de novo CRT implantation.Methods and resultsIn the European CRT Survey II, clinical practice data of patients undergoing CRT and/or ICD implantation across 42 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) countries were collected between October 2015 and December 2016. Out of a total of 11 088 patients, 2396 (23.2%) were upgraded from a previous PM or ICD and 7933 (76.8%) underwent de novo implantation. Compared to de novo implantations, upgraded patients were older, more often male, more frequently had ischaemic heart failure aetiology, atrial fibrillation, reduced renal function, worse heart failure symptoms, and higher N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels. Upgraded patients were more often PM‐dependent and less frequently received CRT‐D. Total peri‐procedural, in‐hospital complications and length of hospital stay were similar. Upgraded patients were less frequently treated with heart failure medication at discharge.ConclusionDespite a lack of evidenced‐based data, close to one quarter of all CRT implantations across 42 ESC countries were upgrades from a previous PM or ICD. Despite older age and worse symptoms, the CRT implantation procedures in upgraded patients were equally frequently successful and complications similar to de novo implantations. These results call for more studies.
Molecular and in vitro assessment of some probiotic characteristics of amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum strains from Bulgarian fermented products
Authors: Gotcheva Velitchka , Petrova Galya , Petkova Mariana , Kuzmanova Yordanka , Angelov Angel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the recent years, consumers’ interest in healthy diet opened a new field for functional food development through combining the valuable composition of cereals and the health‐promoting properties of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB with amylolytic properties can assimilate starch in a single‐step process and could be successfully applied as starter cultures offering an efficient nutritional conversion of cereal matrices. The probiotic potential of amylolytic LAB has not been investigated so far, therefore the present study focused on the molecular screening and in vitro tests of five amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum strains to assess their tolerance to high acid and bile salts concentrations and antibiotic resistance as basic characteristics required for probiotic strains selection. Results showed excellent correspondence between the genetic screening and the phenotypic tests performed. Survivability at high acidity and bile salts presence was strain specific, with significant positive effect observed for cultures in stationary phase compared to those in exponential phase. Effect of starch in the medium proved most important to ensure viability of the amylolytic strains, which reveals the excellent potential of amylolytic LAB for commercially relevant probiotic applications. The strains proved to be generally safe in terms of antibiotic resistance. Among the five tested strains, L. plantarum Bom2 showed the best probiotic potential.
Groundhog Day for Medical Artificial Intelligence
Authors: London Alex John 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFollowing a boom in investment and overinflated expectations in the 1980s, artificial intelligence entered a period of retrenchment known as the “AI winter.” With advances in the field of machine learning and the availability of large datasets for training various types of artificial neural networks, AI is in another cycle of halcyon days. Although medicine is particularly recalcitrant to change, applications of AI in health care have professionals in fields like radiology worried about the future of their careers and have the public tittering about the prospect of soulless machines making life‐and‐death decisions. Medicine thus appears to be at an inflection point—a kind of Groundhog Day on which either AI will bring a springtime of improved diagnostic and predictive practices or the shadow of public and professional fear will lead to six more metaphorical weeks of winter in medical AI.
Rescue via Genetic Findings
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTwo articles in this issue of the Hastings Center Report (May‐June 2018) argue that having knowledge of genetic mutations can entail a moral responsibility to rescue others. In the lead article, Madison Kilbride, a philosopher at the Perelman School of Medicine, assigns to the patient, under certain conditions, a task physicians are prohibited from taking on without patient consent: to disclose a finding of a serious, clinically actionable genetic mutation to the patient's relatives who are likely to have the same mutation. Kilbride emphasizes that the responsibility to family members that comes with such a finding has nothing to do with special obligations, duties to people with whom one has special relationships, such as people one lives with, works with, or loves. Rather, Kilbride maintains, the patient's duty to warn is grounded, in the principle of rescue; “another person … who just happens to be the patient's relative … is at risk of suffering serious harm.” In an article on disclosing incidental findings, Haley Sullivan and Benjamin Berkman, both at the National Institutes of Health, consider the ethical professional responsibility of those conducting genetic research on human subjects in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where many people are made vulnerable by the scarcity and inferiority of medical and other resources.
Genetic Privacy, Disease Prevention, and the Principle of Rescue
Authors: Kilbride Madison K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSuppose that you have deeply personal information that you do not want to share. Further suppose that this information could help others, perhaps even saving their lives. Should you reveal the information or keep it secret? With the increasing prevalence of genetic testing, more and more people are finding themselves in this situation. Although a patient's genetic results are potentially relevant to all her biological family members, her first‐degree relatives—parents, children, and full siblings—are most likely to be affected. This is especially true for genetic mutations—like those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes—that are associated with a dramatically increased risk of disease. Fortunately, people are usually willing to share results with their at‐risk relatives. Occasionally, however, a patient refuses to disclose her findings to anyone outside her clinical team.Ethicists have written little on patients’ moral duties to their at‐risk relatives. Moreover, the few accounts that have been advanced are problematic. Some unnecessarily expose patients’ genetic information to relatives who are unlikely to benefit from it, and others fail to ensure that patients’ most vulnerable relatives are informed of their genetic risks. Patients’ duty to warn can be defended in a way that avoids these problems. I argue that the duty to share one's genetic results is grounded in the principle of rescue—the idea that one ought to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risk of harm to another person when the expected harm is serious and the cost or risk to oneself is sufficiently moderate. When these two criteria are satisfied, a patient will most likely have a duty to warn.
Genetic Information, the Principle of Rescue, and Special Obligations
Authors: Liao S. Matthew , MacKenzie Jordan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn “Genetic Privacy, Disease Prevention, and the Principle of Rescue,” Madison Kilbride argues that patients have a duty to warn biological family members about clinically actionable adverse genetic findings. The duty does not stem from the special obligations that we may have to family members, she argues, but rather follows from the principle of rescue, which she understands as the idea that one ought to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risk of harm to another person when the expected harm is serious and the cost or risk to oneself is sufficiently moderate. We doubt, however, whether the principle of rescue can ground a duty to warn in the cases Kilbride envisages, and we suggest that Kilbride may have underappreciated the role that special obligations could play in generating a duty to warn family members.
Returning Incidental Findings in Low‐Resource Settings: A Case of Rescue?
Authors: Mackay Douglas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn a carefully argued article, Haley K. Sullivan and Benjamin E. Berkman address the important question of whether investigators have a duty to report incidental findings to research participants in low‐resource settings. They suggest that the duty to rescue offers the most plausible justification for the duty to return incidental findings, and they explore the implications of this duty for the context of research in low‐resource settings. While I think they make valuable headway on an important problem, in this commentary, I identify a significant difference between the paradigmatic rescue case and the return of incidental findings in low‐resource settings. This difference, I suggest, implies that their framework may be too narrow in scope. If investigators (and their sponsors) really wish to fulfill their duty to rescue, they must consider factors that are left out of Sullivan and Berkman's framework.
Personalized Medicine Is the Postgenomic Condition
Authors: Neuhaus Carolyn P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhen President Obama laid out his vision for the U.S. Precision Medicine Initiative in a 2016 Boston Globe op‐ed, he cautioned, “[I]t only works if we collect enough information first.” “Collecting information” is an apt way to describe the subject of both books reviewed here. Jenny Reardon's The Postgenomic Condition: Ethics, Justice, and Knowledge after the Genome traces the history of the Human Genome Project and efforts around the globe to obtain blood samples to extract not only genetic data but also meaning from them. Barbara Prainsack's Personalized Medicine: Empowered Patients in the 21st Century? concerns the capture of digital, quantifiable, and computable information about nearly all aspects of people's lives in the pursuit of personalized medicine. Reardon and Prainsack critique scientists’ and corporations’ appeals to liberal democracy, justice, and empowerment to collect more and more information about people. They reveal the limitations and frequent superficiality of those appeals and remind us that person‐centric ethics rather than data‐centric research is needed to realize a more democratic, just, and empowered society.
Revealing misleading schemes through operator activity analysis: A factory case study
Authors: Hoarau Marie , Charron Camilo , Mars Franck 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents an activity analysis carried out in an aeronautical factory. The representation of the real process and the operators’ representations were identified. The representation of the real process was elaborated using an abstraction hierarchy, as described by the ecological interface design framework. The operators’ representations were extracted through interviews and observations and described in terms of schemes. The analysis revealed that operators in the studied factory used misleading schemes (i.e., false representations) to organize their activities, resulting in poor performance. We conclude by offering possible remedies, including training aimed at inhibiting the misleading scheme and a simulation tool to convey a more accurate representation.
Nonclinical safety and pharmacokinetics of Miglyol 812: A medium chain triglyceride in exenatide once weekly suspension
Authors: Buss Nicholas , Ryan Patricia , Baughman Todd , Roy Denis , Patterson Claire , Gordon Carolyn , Dixit Rakesh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExenatide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist was originally developed as either a twice daily or once weekly injectable therapeutic for patients with type 2 diabetes. Exenatide QW suspension was developed for use with an autoinjector device, in which the microspheres are suspended in Miglyol 812, a mixture of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). MCTs are a class of lipids whose fatty acid chains contain from six to 12 carbon atoms (medium chain fatty acids or MCFAs). While MCTs are edible oils present in many foods, including foodstuffs containing coconut and palm kernel oils, limited information is available regarding the oral and subcutaneous bioavailability of MCTs as well as safety following subcutaneous injection. These studies were designed to investigate the non‐clinical pharmacokinetics and safety of MCTs. In a single dose pharmacokinetic study, MCFAs were rapidly detected in the plasma of rats following oral administration of either Miglyol 812 or tricaprylin at doses of 10 or 9.48 g kg−1, respectively. Following subcutaneous dosing with Miglyol 812, MCFAs were rapidly absorbed with a similar profile to that following oral dosing. Furthermore, the toxicity of Miglyol 812 alone was evaluated in a 3 month repeat dose toxicology studies in cynomolgus monkeys. In this study, weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.15 g kg−1 did not elicit any treatment‐related effects in cynomolgus monkeys. In conclusion, these studies alongside the available literature data show that Miglyol 812 is a safe excipient for use in subcutaneously administered therapeutics.
Testing and refining the Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) web‐based platform for evaluating the reliability and relevance of in vivo toxicity studies
Authors: Beronius Anna , Molander Linda , Zilliacus Johanna , Rudén Christina , Hanberg Annika 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Science in Risk Assessment and Policy (SciRAP) web‐based platform was developed to promote and facilitate structure and transparency in the evaluation of ecotoxicity and toxicity studies for hazard and risk assessment of chemicals. The platform includes sets of criteria and a colour‐coding tool for evaluating the reliability and relevance of individual studies. The SciRAP method for evaluating in vivo toxicity studies was first published in 2014 and the aim of the work presented here was to evaluate and develop that method further. Toxicologists and risk assessors from different sectors and geographical areas were invited to test the SciRAP criteria and tool on a specific set of in vivo toxicity studies and to provide feedback concerning the scientific soundness and user‐friendliness of the SciRAP approach. The results of this expert assessment were used to refine and improve both the evaluation criteria and the colour‐coding tool. It is expected that the SciRAP web‐based platform will continue to be developed and enhanced to keep up to date with the needs of end‐users.