bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential Biodiversity Change Indicators for Evaluating the Effects of Anthropocene in Ecosystems at a Global Scale
Authors: Branquinho Cristina , Serrano Helena Cristina , Nunes Alice , Pinho Pedro , Matos Paula 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting the impact of global change drivers on biodiversity, the basis of the delivery of goods and services to humans, is a critical task in the Anthropocene Era. This has led to the development of international monitoring networks and frameworks to evaluate changes in biodiversity, the Essential Biodiversity Variables, though still somewhat ineffective. Biodiversity drivers have changed their relative importance in time and space, e.g. due to policies to combat air pollution, the increasing nitrogen pollution or climate change. Hence, to monitor their impact on biodiversity in space and time, we need appropriate Biodiversity Change Indicators and Surrogates, measured through distinct metrics. In this chapter, we propose a conceptual model to select the most cost-effective metrics of biodiversity-change based on both the type and intensity of the drivers that limit or impact biodiversity, and the nature of the Essential Biodiversity Variables which may be affected in each case. We propose ecophysiology-based metrics for low intensity limiting/impacting drivers, affecting organisms’ individual performance; trait-based metrics for medium intensity drivers, affecting the ecological performance of sensitive species before tolerant ones, changing species abundance and community functional traits; taxonomic-based metrics for high driver intensities which may culminate in species loss. We further discuss the utility of remote sensing data to measure some of these indicators or surrogates, allowing to upscale and/or generalize spatial and temporal information.
‘Pulled’ or ‘Pushed’? The Emigration of Portuguese Scientists
Authors: Delicado Ana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter addresses the migration of scientific professionals from Portugal in the past few decades, focusing on the ‘pull’ (which attract skilled workers to a country) and “push” (which repel workers away from the country of origin) factors that drive this migration. Based on official statistics, a questionnaire survey with researchers abroad and semi-structured interviews with returnee scientists, the chapter shows how Portugal, as a semi-peripheral country, has traditionally been a sending rather than a receiving country for scientists. Exit trends were actively encouraged throughout the last few decades by national science policies (training of human resources that provided opportunities for studying and working abroad) and by European policies (of intra-EU mobility). Similarly, the growth of resources in the Portuguese scientific system came to be a factor for attracting foreign scientists to Portugal. Mobility rates, both outbound and return, were high but over time push factors became less significant, as Portugal increased its attractiveness for young researchers wishing to pursue advanced training and even for foreign researchers. However, in later years, the economic crisis and the austerity measures implemented to deal with it, as well as some changes in science policy, have created favourable conditions for an increase in brain drain.
Taking some heat off the NDCs? The limited potential of additional short-lived climate forcers’ mitigation
Authors: Harmsen Mathijs , Fricko Oliver , Hilaire Jérôme , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Drouet Laurent , Durand-Lasserve Olivier , Fujimori Shinichiro , Keramidas Kimon , Klimont Zbigniew , Luderer Gunnar , Aleluia Reis Lara , Riahi Keywan , Sano Fuminori , Smith Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that the greenhouse gas reduction resulting from the current nationally determined contributions (NDCs) will not be enough to meet the overall targets of the Paris Climate Agreement. It has been suggested that more ambition mitigations of short-lived climate forcer (SLCF) emissions could potentially be a way to reduce the risk of overshooting the 1.5 or 2 °C target in a cost-effective way. In this study, we employ eight state-of-the-art integrated assessment models (IAMs) to examine the global temperature effects of ambitious reductions of methane, black and organic carbon, and hydrofluorocarbon emissions. The SLCFs measures considered are found to add significantly to the effect of the NDCs on short-term global mean temperature (GMT) (in the year 2040: − 0.03 to − 0.15 °C) and on reducing the short-term rate-of-change (by − 2 to 15%), but only a small effect on reducing the maximum temperature change before 2100. This, because later in the century under assumed ambitious climate policy, SLCF mitigation is maximized, either directly or indirectly due to changes in the energy system. All three SLCF groups can contribute to achieving GMT changes.
Cerebral Vascular Toxicity of Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Bertrand Luc , Velichkovska Martina , Toborek Michal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHIV infection is associated with comorbidities that are likely to be driven not only by HIV itself, but also by the toxicity of long-term use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indeed, increasing evidence demonstrates that the antiretroviral drugs used for HIV treatment have toxic effects resulting in various cellular and tissue pathologies. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a modulated anatomophysiological interface which separates and controls substance exchange between the blood and the brain parenchyma; therefore, it is particularly exposed to ART-induced toxicity. Balancing the health risks and gains of ART has to be considered in order to maximize the positive effects of therapy. The current review discusses the cerebrovascular toxicity of ART, with the focus on mitochondrial dysfunction.
Management of rectal prolapse (Guda Bhramsa) through Kshara Karma (chemical cauterisation) – a case study
Authors: Bhandari Madan , Chanda Basavaraj , Rao Prasanna N. , B.J Gopikrishna , K.R Sahanasheela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRectal Prolapse is a condition where the rectum protrudes beyond the anus. The explanation of this condition can be traced back to ancient Ayurveda text like Susruta Samhita, Ebers Pappyrus of 1500 B.C., etc. The exact cause of rectal prolapse is unclear but it is predominant on female gender and on people having constipation, previous anorectal surgeries etc. Both partial and complete varieties of rectal prolapse are extremely debilitating because of the discomfort of the prolapsing mass and variety of symptoms like rectal bleed, intermittent constipation or fecal incontinence. Although, diverse modalities of surgical management of rectal prolapse are present, no single optimal procedure is proved and the choice of operation is determined by the patient's age, sex, degree of incontinence, operative risk, as well as by the surgeon's experience. In Ayurveda, Guda Bhramsa (Rectal prolapse) is explained by Acharya Susruta under Kshudra Rogas (chapter of minor diseases) and has elaborated it's conservative management very beautifully. In this case, a female with partial rectal prolapse was treated with Kshara application and managed without complications. So, Kshara application can be a safe and effective alternative for the management of rectal prolapse.
Nine dangerous myths about identity governance
Authors: Brinkerhoff Jackie 
Published: June 2019

We ought to approach the digital revolution with a spirit of optimism and look forward to a future of better, more efficient and insightful business. Yet each week brings a fresh worry about new technology, usually security-related. Stories abound of hacks, botnets, major breaches affecting even the biggest and most powerful organisations in the world. Even entire countries can be knocked offline. 1 There are many myths and misconceptions that surround identity governance. Businesses need to see through them if they are to tackle the constantly changing threat from hackers. The barrage of stories about threats and exploits only makes grasping the nettle of identity governance more important. And rather than seeing it as a box that needs to be checked, organisations need to embrace the opportunity to expand their security beyond the traditional network perimeter and gain insight into, and control over, their data and their entire security estate, says Jackie Brinkerhoff of SailPoint.
Cybercrime has evolved: it's time cyber security did too
Authors: Lee Laura 
Published: June 2019

On August 6, 1991 the web went live to the world. At the time, most people didn't even know what the Internet was, let alone imagine what it would come to mean. What was initially a network of static web pages has become an ever-evolving information ecosystem. From streaming media to banking online to turning the lights on in our homes, the web is now an integral part of our daily lives. The Internet has changed the way we communicate and has helped create a global economy. But with great change comes great opportunity – one that malicious hackers have not been slow to exploit. As the Internet, and what we use it for, evolves every day, so do the tools and techniques used by these hackers. And so organisations need to evolve too. There are five key elements that play a part in ensuring the advancement of a business's cyber security strategy: collaboration, assessment, development, application and apprenticeships, says Laura Lee of Circadence.
Export Tax Reform and the Competitiveness of Imported Soybeans in China
Authors: Muhammad Andrew , Valdes Constanza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExport tax reform in Argentina could improve its competitiveness in China’s soybean market, displacing exports from competing countries like Brazil and the United States. We examined the factors that determine China’s demand for imported soybean products and how export taxes could affect exporting countries. Using import demand and vector autoregression estimates, we conducted simulations of China’s import demand assuming the elimination of export taxes in Argentina. Results indicated that Argentine soybean products could realize gains in the Chinese market, but only in the short run. Projected import demand changes in the long run were insignificant for all exporting countries.
MODELLING SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES IN MORTALITY USING A NEW AFFLUENCE INDEX
Authors: Cairns Andrew J.G. , Kallestrup-Lamb Malene , Rosenskjold Carsten , Blake David , Dowd Kevin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new modelling framework to explain socio-economic differences in mortality in terms of an affluence index that combines information on individual wealth and income. The model is illustrated using data on older Danish males over the period 1985–2012 reported in the Statistics Denmark national register database. The model fits the historical mortality data well, captures their key features, generates smoothed death rates that allow us to work with a larger number of sub-groups than has previously been considered feasible, and has plausible projection properties.
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) Science and the CBRNE Science Medical Operations Science Support Expert (CMOSSE)
Authors: Coleman C. Norman , Bader Judith L. , Koerner John F. , Hrdina Chad , Cliffer Kenneth D. , Hick John L. , James James J. , Mansoura Monique K. , Livinski Alicia A. , Nystrom Scott V. , DiCarlo-Cohen Andrea , Marinissen Maria Julia , Wathen Lynne , Appler Jessica M. , Buddemeier Brooke , Casagrande Rocco , Estes Derek , Byrne Patrick , Kennedy Edward M. , Jakubowski Ann A. , Case Cullen , Weinstock David M. , Dainiak Nicholas , Hanfling Dan , Garrett Andrew L. , Grant Natalie N. , Dodgen Daniel , Redlener Irwin , MacKAY Thomas F. , Treber Meghan , Homer Mary J. , Taylor Tammy P. , Miller Aubrey , Korch George , Hatchett Richard 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA national need is to prepare for and respond to accidental or intentional disasters categorized as chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive (CBRNE). These incidents require specific subject-matter expertise, yet have commonalities. We identify 7 core elements comprising CBRNE science that require integration for effective preparedness planning and public health and medical response and recovery. These core elements are (1) basic and clinical sciences, (2) modeling and systems management, (3) planning, (4) response and incident management, (5) recovery and resilience, (6) lessons learned, and (7) continuous improvement. A key feature is the ability of relevant subject matter experts to integrate information into response operations. We propose the CBRNE medical operations science support expert as a professional who (1) understands that CBRNE incidents require an integrated systems approach, (2) understands the key functions and contributions of CBRNE science practitioners, (3) helps direct strategic and tactical CBRNE planning and responses through first-hand experience, and (4) provides advice to senior decision-makers managing response activities. Recognition of both CBRNE science as a distinct competency and the establishment of the CBRNE medical operations science support expert informs the public of the enormous progress made, broadcasts opportunities for new talent, and enhances the sophistication and analytic expertise of senior managers planning for and responding to CBRNE incidents.
Somebody to Lean On: The Moderating Effect of Relationships on Links Between Social Withdrawal and Self-Worth
Authors: Clifford Brandon N. , Nelson Larry J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious research has discovered different subtypes of social withdrawal based on motivations to approach or avoid social interactions. Each of these motivations are uniquely related to indices of maladjustment during emerging adulthood, including aspects of the self. However, research has yet to investigate whether or not relationship quality moderates these associations. The purpose of this study was to examine whether relationship quality with best friends, romantic partners, mothers, and fathers, respectively, serve as protective factors in the negative links between shyness and avoidance and self-worth. The participants included 519 college students (Mage= 19.87,SD= 1.99, 61% female) from four universities across the United States. Results revealed that relationship quality with both best friends and romantic partners moderated the relation between shyness and self-worth. The differences between parent and peer relationships are discussed.
New plesiosaurid material from the Maastrichtian type area, the Netherlands
Authors: Miedema Feiko , Schulp Anne S. , Jagt John W.M. , Mulder Eric W.A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Here we report on a newly collected, well-preserved vertebral centrum of a plesiosaur from the type area of the Maastrichtian Stage in southern Limburg. The specimen is interpreted as a caudal vertebra that originated from an osteologically immature or juvenile individual, as evidenced by the position of the pedicular facets, the presence of a notochord pit and the absence of fused neural arches. It adds to the meagre record of sauropterygians in the area.
Sedimentology and chemostratigraphy of the terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, South China
Authors: Cui Huan , Xiao Shuhai , Cai Yaoping , Peek Sara , Plummer Rebecca E. , Kaufman Alan J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe terminal Ediacaran Dengying Formation (c. 551.1–538.8 Ma) in South China is one of two successions where Ediacara-type macrofossils are preserved in carbonate facies along with skeletal fossils and bilaterian animal traces. Given the remarkable thickness of carbonate-bearing strata deposited in less than 12.3 million years, the Dengying Formation holds the potential for construction of a relatively continuous chemostratigraphic profile for the terminal Ediacaran Period. In this study, a detailed sedimentological and chemostratigraphic (δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb, δ13Corg, δ34Spyrite, and87Sr/86Sr) investigation was conducted on the Dengying Formation at the Gaojiashan section, Ningqiang County of southern Shaanxi Province, South China. Sedimentological results reveal an overall shallow-marine depositional environment. Carbonate breccia, void-filling botryoidal precipitates and aragonite crystal fans are common in the Algal Dolomite Member of the Dengying Formation, suggesting that peritidal facies were repeatedly karstified. The timing of karstification was likely early, probably soon after the deposition of the dolomite sediments. The presence of authigenic aragonite cements suggests high alkalinity in the terminal Ediacaran ocean. Geochemical analysis of micro-drilled samples shows that distinct compositions are registered in different carbonate phases, which should be considered when constructing chemostratigraphic profiles representative of true temporal variations in seawater chemistry. Integrated chemostratigraphic data suggest enhanced burial of organic carbon and pyrite, and the occurrence of extensive marine anoxia (at least in the Gaojiashan Member). Rapid basinal subsidence and carbonate accumulation during a time of elevated seawater alkalinity and increased rates of pyrite burial may have facilitated the evolutionary innovation of early biomineralizing metazoans.
NAKAYAMA AUTOMORPHISMS OF ORE EXTENSIONS OVER POLYNOMIAL ALGEBRAS
Authors: LIU LIYU , MA WEN 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNakayama automorphisms play an important role in the fields of noncommutative algebraic geometry and noncommutative invariant theory. However, their computations are not easy in general. We compute the Nakayama automorphism ν of an Ore extension R[x; σ, δ] over a polynomial algebra R in n variables for an arbitrary n. The formula of ν is obtained explicitly. When σ is not the identity map, the invariant EG is also investigated in terms of Zhang’s twist, where G is a cyclic group sharing the same order with σ.
‘This sickness is not hospital sickness’: a qualitative study of the evil eye as a source of neonatal illness in Ghana
Authors: Bell April J. , Arku Zelda , Bakari Ashura , Oppong Samuel A. , Youngblood Jessica , Adanu Richard M. , Moyer Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrevious research has described the evil eye as a source of illness for pregnant women and their newborns. This study sought to explore the perceptions of the evil eye among mothers whose newborns had experienced a life-threatening complication across three regions of Ghana. As part of a larger, quantitative study, trained research assistants identified pregnant and newly delivered women (and their newborns) who had survived a life-threatening complication at three tertiary care hospitals in southern Ghana to participate in open-ended, qualitative interviews about their experiences in March–August 2015. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim into English and analysis using the constant comparative method of theme generation. A total of 37 mothers were interviewed, 20 about neonatal illnesses and 17 about maternal illnesses. Six of the 20 mothers interviewed about their newborn’s illnesses spoke at length about the evil eye being a potential cause of newborn illness. The evil eye was described in a variety of terms, but commonalities included a person looking at a pregnant woman, her newborn baby, the baby’s clothes and even the mother’s food, causing harm, even unintentionally. Prevention required mothers covering themselves while pregnant and keeping the baby away from others until it was old enough to ward off the evil eye. Treatment required traditional medicine, yet some indicated that allopathic medicine could help. The evil eye appears to serve a social control mechanism, encouraging pregnant women to dress modestly, stay indoors as much as possible and behave appropriately. The evil eye is a pervasive, universally understood phenomenon across three regions of Ghana, even amongst a hospitalized population receiving allopathic health care for life-threatening complications of childbirth. Understanding the role of the evil eye in newborn illness attribution is important for clinicians, researchers and programmatic staff to effectively address barriers to care seeking.
Number of friends and self-perception among Jamaican children: the role of attractiveness and fluctuating asymmetry
Authors: Jacobson A.S. , Trivers R. , Palestis B.G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe role that physical attractiveness and fluctuating asymmetry (FA), a measure of developmental instability, play in self-perception and peer associations were explored in a well-studied cohort of Jamaican children using a novel research paradigm where subjects were already known to each other for extensive periods of time. The results showed that how attractive a child was perceived by others was significantly positively correlated with self-ratings of attractiveness. Contrary to findings from WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) samples, the study found a reversal in the sex differences in self-perceived attractiveness and self-esteem, where Jamaican females rate themselves more attractive and report higher self-esteem than do males. Attractiveness also predicts overall popularity, as measured by desirability as a friend and the percentage of peers who choose an individual as a friend. Attractive individuals of both sexes were chosen more often as ‘friends’. A significant correlation was also found between an individual’s FA and the average FA of those chosen as friends. However, the effect was primarily due to preferences by males for female friends possessing similar levels of FA, which could be an effective strategy in reducing future mating effort.
Description, molecular characterization and life cycle of Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Clelia clelia (Reptilia: Colubroidea) in Brazil
Authors: Kuzmin Y. , Tkach V.V. , Melo F.T.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. is described from the lungs of the mussurana, Clelia clelia (Daudin, 1803), from vicinities of Lábrea, Amazonas State, Brazil. The species is characterized by the triangular oral opening, the presence of teeth (onchia) in the oesophastome, the excretory glands longer than the oesophagus and the tail abruptly narrowing in its anterior half and gradually tapering in posterior half. Among the Neotropical representatives of the genus, three species are known to possess the onchia in the oesophastome: S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus. Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. differs from S. atroxi and S. viperidicus by its triangular shape of the oral opening and the oesophastome in apical view, vs. round in the latter two congeners. Additionally, S. viperidicus has a larger oesophastome, 13–22 micrometers wide and 13–23 micrometers deep. The new species has relatively longer excretory glands than S. moi. The new species is morphologically and genetically close to S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus, all parasitic in Brazilian snakes, based on the presence of onchia and the comparison of nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene (differences varied between 3.8% and 7.1%). Data on the life cycle of S. mussuranae n. sp. is provided, and the life cycle is typical of the genus Serpentirhabdias, with the combination of direct development and heterogony. Free-living larval stages and the adults of amphimictic free-living generation are described. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + partial 28S region and partial mitochondrial cox1 gene are provided.