bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating chronic emotional dysregulation and irritability in relation to ADHD and depression genetic risk in children with ADHD
Authors: Nigg Joel T. , Karalunas Sarah L. , Gustafsson Hanna C. , Bhatt Priya , Ryabinin Peter , Mooney Michael A. , Faraone Stephen V. , Fair Damien A. , Wilmot Beth 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundA central nosological problem concerns the etiological relationship of emotional dysregulation with ADHD. Molecular genetic risk scores provide a novel method for informing this question.MethodsParticipants were 514 community‐recruited children of Northern European descent age 7‐11 defined as ADHD or non‐ADHD by detailed research evaluation. Parents‐rated ADHD on standardized ratings and child temperament on the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) and reported on ADHD and comorbid disorders by semi‐structured clinical interview. Categorical and dimensional variables were created for ADHD, emotional dysregulation (implicating disruption of regulation of both anger‐irritability and of positive valence surgency‐sensation seeking), and irritability alone (anger dysregulation). Genome‐wide polygenic risk scores (PRS) were computed for ADHD and depression genetic liability. Structural equation models and computationally derived emotion profiles guided analysis.ResultsThe ADHD PRS was associated in variable‐centered analyses with irritability (β = .179, 95% CI = 0.087–0.280; ΔR2 = .034, p < .0002), but also with surgency/sensation seeking (B = .146, 95%CI = 0.052–0.240, ΔR2=.022, p = .002). In person‐centered analysis, the ADHD PRS was elevated in the emotion dysregulation ADHD group versus other ADHD children (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.03–2.20, Nagelkerke ΔR2 = .013, p = .033) but did not differentiate irritable from surgent ADHD profiles. All effects were independent of variation in ADHD severity across traits or groups. The depression PRS was related to oppositional defiant disorder but not to ADHD emotion dysregulation.ConclusionsIrritability‐anger and surgency‐sensation seeking, as forms of negative and positively valenced dysregulated affect in ADHD populations, both relate principally to ADHD genetic risk and not mood‐related genetic risk.
Fitness consequences of the selfish supergene Segregation Distorter
Authors: Wong Heidi W. S. , Holman Luke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSegregation distorters are selfish genetic elements that subvert Mendelian inheritance, often by destroying gametes that do not carry the distorter. Simple theoretical models predict that distorter alleles will either spread to fixation or stabilize at some high intermediate frequency. However, many distorters have substantially lower allele frequencies than predicted by simple models, suggesting that key sources of selection remain to be discovered. Here, we measured the fitness of Drosophila melanogaster adults and juveniles carrying zero, one or two copies of three different variants of the naturally occurring supergene Segregation Distorter (SD), in order to investigate why SD alleles remain relatively rare within populations despite being preferentially inherited. First, we show that the three SD variants differ in the severity and dominance of the fitness costs they impose on individuals carrying them. Second, SD‐carrying parents produced less fit offspring in some crosses, independent of offspring genotype, indicating that SD alleles can have nongenetic, transgenerational costs in addition to their direct costs. Third, we found that SD carriers sometimes produce a biased offspring sex ratio, perhaps due to off‐target effects of SD on the sex chromosomes. Finally, we used a theoretical model to investigate how sex ratio and transgenerational effects alter the population genetics of distorter alleles; accounting for these additional costs helps to explain why real‐world segregation distorter alleles are rarer than predicted.
Association between periodontitis and medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lorenzo‐Pouso Alejandro I. , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario , Chamorro‐Petronacci Cintia , Gándara‐Vila Pilar , López‐Jornet Pía , Carballo Javier , García‐García Abel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConsensus has yet to be reached about the prevention and treatment of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), which is a treatment sequela of several antiresorptive therapies and other pharmaceutical interventions. Several epidemiologic studies have identified periodontal disease (PD) as a risk factor for this outcome. Thus, the objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to investigate this association and its magnitude. A systematic search in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, and a meta‐analysis were undertaken. Observational studies that gathered information regarding prefixed definitions for both outcomes were selected, and the relevant information was then extracted, and their risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. The protocol of the study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019125646). The initial search yielded 757 eligible records, of which 12 were deemed adequate for inclusion (5 cohort studies and 7 case‐control studies). On a random‐effects meta‐analysis, the risk of PD in MRONJ‐affected sites compared with at‐risk non‐affected patients was significantly greater, with a risk ratio of 2.75 (95% CI: 1.67‐4.52). Nonetheless, from a pooled analysis of three standardized periodontal measures (ie plaque index, clinical attachment loss and probing depth) no significant results were obtained. MRONJ appears to be associated with an increase in prevalence of PD. The direction of this association, and the factors influencing it must be investigated using further prospective data, and likewise, the possibility for using periodontal therapy as a prevention strategy must be looked into. Periodontal screening needs to be made an indispensable requisite for clinicians in order to establish a correct multidisciplinary approach in MRONJ.
Development and validation of a short version of Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire (COMDQ‐15)
Authors: Wiriyakijja Paswach , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano , Hodgson Tim , McMillan Roddy , Shephard Martina , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe adoption of the Chronic Oral Mucosal Disease Questionnaire (COMDQ) into clinical practice has been low, despite its rigorous development process. A potential limitation of the COMDQ is the high response burden to patients. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop and validate a short version of the 26‐item COMDQ.MethodsThe COMDQ data of 520 patients with chronic oral mucosal diseases were randomly divided into two subsamples. Descriptive item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were performed using data from the first subsample for item reduction and development of the shortened COMDQ. The resulting short version was then validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the other subsample. Internal consistency reliability of the short‐form COMDQ was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Criterion validity of this new scale was examined against its original version.ResultsBased upon item analysis, 11 items were dropped. EFA results on the remaining 15 items extracted four factors consistent with the original COMDQ, and CFA results displayed acceptable goodness‐of‐fit indices of this factor structure on different sample. The COMDQ‐15 was then created. Cronbach's alpha of four subscale scores ranged from 0.7 to 0.91, indicating good internal consistency reliability of the COMDQ‐15. Correlations between total and subscale scores of the COMDQ‐15 and its parent scale were high, supporting good criterion validity of this shortened scale.ConclusionThe COMDQ‐15 is a brief, valid and reliable instrument that can give an overview of the patient's quality of life related to their chronic oral mucosal conditions.
A 2‐year randomized blinded controlled trial of a conditionally licensedMoraxella bovoculivaccine to aid in prevention of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis in Angus beef calves
Authors: O'Connor Annette , Cooper Vickie , Censi Laura , Meyer Ella , Kneipp Mac , Dewell Grant 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) in beef cattle has major welfare and production implications. Effective vaccination against IBK would also reduce antibiotic use in beef production.Objective/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy of a conditionally licensed commercial IBK vaccine containingMoraxella bovoculibacterin. Primary working hypothesis was that animals vaccinated with 2 doses of the commercialM. bovoculivaccine would have a lower risk of disease.AnimalsSpring born calves at a university cow‐calf herd. After excluding animals with ocular lesions, calves eligible for prevention assessment in 2017 and 2018 were 163 (81 vaccinated, 82 unvaccinated) and 207 (105 vaccinated, 102 unvaccinated). One hundred sixty two and two hundred and six calves completed the follow‐up period in 2017 and 2018, respectively.MethodsA randomized controlled trial. The trial design was a 2‐arm parallel trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio.ResultsIn both years, calves receiving the vaccine had more IBK. This effect was small. The pooled risk ratio was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 0.84–2.01). The pooled unadjusted difference in mean weight (kg) at weaning was −0.88 (95% confidence interval—7.2‐5.43).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe were unable to document that theM. bovoculibacterin vaccine had a protective effect for the incidence of IBK in our single herd in a 2‐year study.
Hyperinsulinemia does not cause de novo capillary recruitment in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Akerstrom Thorbjorn , Goldman Daniel , Nilsson Franciska , Milkovich Stephanie L. , Fraser Graham M. , Brand Christian Lehn , Hellsten Ylva , Ellis Christopher G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of insulin on blood flow distribution within muscle microvasculature has been suggested to be important for glucose metabolism. However, the “capillary recruitment” hypothesis is still controversial and relies on studies using indirect contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEU) methods.MethodsWe studied how hyperinsulinemia effects capillary blood flow in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp using intravital video microscopy (IVVM). Additionally, we modeled blood flow and microbubble distribution within the vascular tree under conditions observed during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp experiments.ResultsEuglycemic hyperinsulinemia caused an increase in erythrocyte (80 ± 25%, P < .01) and plasma (53 ± 12%, P < .01) flow in rat EDL microvasculature. We found no evidence of de novo capillary recruitment within, or among, capillary networks supplied by different terminal arterioles; however, erythrocyte flow became slightly more homogenous. Our computational model predicts that a decrease in asymmetry at arteriolar bifurcations causes redistribution of microbubble flow among capillaries already perfused with erythrocytes and plasma, resulting in 25% more microbubbles flowing through capillaries.ConclusionsOur model suggests increase in CEU signal during hyperinsulinemia reflects a redistribution of arteriolar flow and not de novo capillary recruitment. IVVM experiments support this prediction showing increases in erythrocyte and plasma flow and not capillary recruitment.
Genome‐wide association mapping of QTLs implied in potato virus Y population sizes in pepper: evidence for widespread resistance QTL pyramiding
Authors: Tamisier Lucie , Szadkowski Marion , Nemouchi Ghislaine , Lefebvre Véronique , Szadkowski Emmanuel , Duboscq Renaud , Santoni Sylvain , Sarah Gautier , Sauvage Christopher , Palloix Alain , Moury Benoit 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this study, we looked for genetic factors in the pepper (Capsicum annuum) germplasm that control the number of potato virus Y (PVY) particles entering the plant (i.e. effective population size at inoculation) and the PVY accumulation at the systemic level (i.e. census population size). Using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) in a core collection of 256 pepper accessions, we obtained 10 307 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the whole genome. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) detected seven SNPs significantly associated with the virus population size at inoculation and/or systemic level on chromosomes 4, 6, 9 and 12. Two SNPs on chromosome 4 associated with both PVY population sizes map closely to the major resistance gene pvr2 encoding the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. No obvious candidates for resistance were identified in the confidence intervals for the other chromosomes. SNPs detected on chromosomes 6 and 12 colocalized with resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) previously identified with a biparental population. These results show the efficiency of GBS and GWAS in C. annuum, indicate highly consistent results between GWAS and classical QTL mapping, and suggest that resistance QTLs identified with a biparental population are representative of a much larger collection of pepper accessions. Moreover, the resistance alleles at these different loci were more frequently combined than expected by chance in the core collection, indicating widespread pyramiding of resistance QTLs and widespread combination of resistance QTLs and major effect genes. Such pyramiding may increase resistance efficiency and/or durability.
Th2 signals are not essential for the anti‐arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis in mice
Authors: Osada Yoshio , Morita Kentaro , Tahara Sayaka , Ishihara Tsubasa , Wu Zhiliang , Nagano Isao , Maekawa Yoichi , Nakae Susumu , Sudo Katsuko , Kanazawa Tamotsu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsMany parasitic helminths are known to alter host immune responses and consequently affect the progression of autoimmune and allergic diseases. The parasitic nematode Trichinella sp has been reported to suppress several experimental diseases in rodents, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type 1 diabetes, colitis, airway inflammation and autoimmune arthritis. We tried to clarify requirement of Th2 cytokines in the anti‐arthritic effects of Trichinella spiralis (Ts) against collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA).Methods and resultsWe infected Ts and then induced CIA in STAT6KO DBA/1 mice, comparing the disease progression with that in wild‐type (WT) DBA/1 mice, Ts significantly mitigated arthritis in WT mice, in addition to the impairment of anti–type II collagen (IIC) IgG production in a subclass‐independent manner. The genetic absence of STAT6 in the mice did not abrogate the anti‐arthritic effects of Ts. Alteration of splenic cytokines was not related to the anti‐arthritic effects of the parasite. Moreover, lack of IL‐10 did not abrogate the anti‐arthritic effects of Ts.ConclusionOur results suggest that the anti‐arthritic effects of Ts do not require host Th2 signals.
The human central nervous system transmits common synaptic inputs to distinct motor neuron pools during non‐synergistic digit actions
Authors: Del Vecchio A. , Germer C. M. , Elias L. A. , Fu Q. , Fine J. , Santello M. , Farina D. 
Published: October 2019

Key points
Neural connectivity between distinct motor neuronal modules in the spinal cord is classically studied through electrical stimulation or multi‐muscle EMG recordings.
We quantified the strength of correlation in the activity of two distinct populations of motor neurons innervating the thenar and first dorsal interosseous muscles during tasks that required the two hand muscles to exert matched or un‐matched forces in different directions.
We show that when the two hand muscles are concurrently activated, synaptic input to the two motor neuron pools is shared across all frequency bandwidths (representing cortical and spinal input) associated with force control.
The observed connectivity indicates that motor neuron pools receive common input even when digit actions do not belong to a common behavioural repertoire.
AbstractNeural connectivity between distinct motor neuronal modules in the spinal cord is classically studied through electrical stimulation or multi‐muscle EMG recordings. Here we quantify the strength of correlation in the activity of two distinct populations of motor neurons innervating the thenar and first dorsal interosseous muscles in humans during voluntary contractions. To remove confounds associated with previous studies, we used a task that required the two hand muscles to exert matched or un‐matched forces in different directions. Despite the force production task consisting of uncommon digit force coordination patterns, we found that synaptic input to motor neurons is shared across all frequency bands, reflecting cortical and spinal inputs associated with force control. The coherence between discharge timings of the two pools of motor neurons was significant at the delta (0–5 Hz), alpha (5–15 Hz) and beta (15–35 Hz) bands (P < 0.05). These results suggest that correlated input to motor neurons of two hand muscles can occur even during tasks not belonging to a common behavioural repertoire and despite lack of common innervation. Moreover, we show that the extraction of activity from motor neurons during voluntary force control removes cross‐talk associated with global EMG recordings, thus allowing direct in vivo interrogation of spinal motor neuron activity.
Then I Saw
Authors: Low U-Wen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 1498, artist Albrecht Dürer published a series of woodcuts depicting scenes from the Book of Revelation, entitled Apocalypse. The impact and reach of Dürer’s work has been widely acknowledged by scholars, and its importance is difficult to overstate. Sixteen images were produced, each depicting scenes from the text of Revelation. This was a remarkable achievement, given the complexity and difficulty of the source material, and has influenced all subsequent depictions of the Apocalypse in the Western tradition. Apocalypse is therefore defined as a paratext, an artifact that affects the reading or interpretation of the original text, in this case the Book of Revelation. This essay will briefly discuss both the origins of Apocalypse and its paratextual influence, particularly with regards to Lucas Cranach’s illustrations for the Luther Bible. This essay will also briefly visually exegete selected Apocalypse illustrations and their engagement with the text of the Book of Revelation.
Alexander of Cotiaeum Teacher, Exegete, Diorthotes
Authors: Montana Fausto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Alexander of Cotiaeum, the cultivated sophistes and one among the teachers of Aelius Aristides and Marcus Aurelius, distinguished himself in linguistic and literary studies, teaching, and cultural communication. Though without achieving brilliant results, he also engaged in some of the questions previously discussed by the most learned scholars. This cultural figure displays some typicality with respect to the average educated personalities (grammatikoi) of the Antonine renaissance. However, current studies are revealing a possible specificity of Alexander’s role: his influence, by way of educational approach, on the making of literary trends and models (canons) of the concurrent high culture, between New Sophistic and Atticism. This paper focuses on the very philological side (diorthosis, or textual criticism) of the composite and complex intellectual profile of Alexander.
The Rhetorical Commentary in Late Antiquity
Authors: Pepe Cristina 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper examines the tradition of rhetorical exegesis on technical works – namely on Hermogenes’ treatises – flourished from the third century AD onwards. A focus on the evidence preserved proves the exegetes’ preference for the commentary format and the significant similarities in the structure and arrangement of the material with other exegetical literature of the same period. Moreover, by discussing further the content and scope of these commentaries, their relationship with teaching practice will be argued.
Micro-CT measurements of within-ring variability in longitudinal hydraulic pathways in Norway spruce
Authors: Adey-Johnson Robin , Mclean J. Paul , Van den Bulcke Jan , Van Acker Joris , McDonald Peter J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to define the variability in the microstructure of Norway spruce within an annual ring by examining differences between earlywood and latewood. In particular, we were interested in obtaining new information on bordered pit occurrence and locations relative to tracheid ends, plus the lumina dimensions and longitudinal overlap of tracheids that collectively define the longitudinal hydraulic pathways. A stacked series of X-ray micro-CT scans of an annual ring of Norway spruce were made and stitched together longitudinally to form a three-dimensional volume. The imaging resolution was carefully chosen to capture both longitudinal and transverse anatomical details. Measurements of tracheid length, overlap, radial lumen diameter, and bordered pit location were made semi-automatically using image analysis. The distribution of radial lumen diameter was used to define earlywood and latewood. Then bordered pit linear density and spatial distribution, tracheid length and overlap were analysed, presented and contrasted for earlywood and latewood. Further differences between earlywood and latewood were found only in bordered pit linear density. Clear trends in radial lumen diameter and pit linear density were observed with radial position within the growth ring. These results provide new information on the variability of the Norway spruce microstructure within an annual ring.
Direct exposure to solar radiation causes radial growth eccentricity at the beginning of the growing season in Robinia pseudoacacia
Authors: Miodek Adam , Gizińska Aldona , Klisz Marcin , Wojda Tomasz , Ukalski Krzysztof , Kojs Paweł 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOur study investigated the effect of stem temperature increase on xylem formation inRobinia pseudoacaciatree-trunks, caused by direct exposure to solar radiation. It is important to determine factors which may improve the concentricity of deposited wood tissue and intensify xylogenesis because a strong irregularity of wood tissue deposited in the radial direction in mature trees ofR. pseudoacaciareduces the commercial value of the wood. Samples of vascular cambium along with adjacent tissues were collected from the southern (illuminated) and northern (shaded) side of tree-trunks growing in the inner and peripheral (thus exposed to direct sunlight) zones of the research plot. Sampling was performed several times during the growing season. The collected material was examined by epifluorescence microscopy and the thickness of deposited tissue comprising cambial xylem derivatives was measured. Deposition of a markedly greater amount of xylem on the southern side of tree-trunks in the peripheral zone of the plot was observed before full leaf development. Instrumental climatic data confirmed that in the early stage of the growing season, temperature on the southern side of the peripheral zone tree-trunk was higher than on the northern side. No clear response in terms of directional deposition of xylem was noticed in the inner zone trees and in peripheral zone trees after full leaf development. This study highlights the importance of temperature increase, caused by solar radiation, forR. pseudoacaciaxylogenesis, which may be considered as a factor that affects the course of the radial growth before full leaf development.