bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of fluorinated polyacrylate surfactant‐free core–shell latex by RAFT‐mediated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly: Effects of the concentration of hexafluorobutyl acrylate
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Yao Hongtao , He Renyan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA simple method for preparing fluorinated polyacrylate surfactant‐free latex was developed by RAFT‐mediated polymerization‐induced self‐assembly, in which the fluorinated polyacrylate copolymers formed a core–shell spherical morphology. The influence of the concentration of hexafluorobutyl acrylate on the properties of latex was systematically studied. The results showed that the average particle size increased, and the monomer conversion gradually increased with increasing the length of the second segment (PHFBA). And the monomer conversion progressively decreased, and average particle size gradually increased as the concentration of monomer (HFBA) increased from 2 wt% to 6 wt%. Furthermore, the thermal stability and the water contact angle of the film increased as the concentration of HFBA increased, and the water contact angle of film can be up to 127.3° when the concentration of HFBA was 6 wt%. XPS also showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process.
Preparation and properties of hydroxyl‐terminated cationic waterborne polyurethanes for cathodic electrodeposition coatings
Authors: He Xiaoling , Zhang Xindan , He Jingwei , Liu Fang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated cationic waterborne polyurethanes (HCWPUs) were synthesized using N‐methyldiethanolamine (N‐MDEA) as internal emulsifier and mixed with cross‐linker of nonionic waterborne blocked polyisocyanate (NWBI) to prepare cathodic electrodeposition (CED) coatings. The effects of N‐MDEA content, NCO/OH molar ratio, neutralization degree, and NWBI content on the performance of HCWPUs emulsion and relevant CED coatings were investigated. The results showed that 7.5 wt.% of N‐MDEA content, 0.9/1 of NCO/OH molar ratio, and 100% of neutralization degree were the optimal experimental parameter for synthesizing excellent performance HCWPUs. Incorporation of nonionic waterborne blocked isocyanate could significantly promote the hardness, adhesion, and solvent resistance of CED coatings without influencing the emulsion stability and coatings thermostability.
Physical and electrochemical properties of PVA/TiO2 nanocomposite membrane
Authors: Abdel‐Hady Esam E. , Mohamed Hamdy F. M. , Abdel‐Hamed Mohamed Osman , Gomaa Mahmoud M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA casting method becomes used for the preparation of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/TiO2 nanocomposite. Characterization of the casting membranes was done using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis, and AC impedance method. Surface morphology, element analysis, and distributions were investigated by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM/EDX). Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the membranes under study, while their crystallinity was checked by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The FTIR spectra suggest a strong interaction between TiO2 and PVA nanoparticles, whereas WAXD results indicated that the amalgamation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the PVA matrix lowers the main crystallinity of PVA. The free volume size for PVA/TiO2 with cross‐linker decreases suggest that the filling of the cavities by Ti3+ and O− ions as well as complex formation, that is, lead to a lower value of permeability. Because of their lower cost, higher thermal and lower permeability, the cross‐linked PVA/TiO2 membrane was considered to use in alkaline direct methanol fuel cells.
Cutoff points for continuous metabolic risk score in adolescents from southern Brazil
Authors: Reuter Cézane Priscila , Andersen Lars Bo , de Moura Valim Andréia Rosane , Reuter Éboni Marília , Borfe Leticia , Renner Jane Dagmar Pollo , de Mello Elza Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThere is no consensus on the best diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the child and adolescent population. Thus, the present study aimed to establish cutoff points for a continuous metabolic risk score (cMetS) in adolescents from southern Brazil.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted between 2014 and 2015. The sample consisted of 1739 schoolchildren (985 girls), aged 10‐17 years. cMetS was calculated by sum of the Z‐score of the following parameters: waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Three diagnostic criteria of MetS were used to create cut points for cMetS.ResultsThe best cutoff point for cMetS was set at 3.40 for boys (sensitivity: 100.0%, specificity: 92.9%, AUC: 0.978) and 3.61 for girls (sensitivity: 100, 0%, specificity: 93.1%, AUC: 0.991). For these cutoff points, metabolic risk was found in 8.9% of adolescents (9.4% for boys and 8.5% for girls). A linear relationship was found between the mean values of cMetS and the number of components of MetS (mean cMetS −1.09 for no component present and 6.66 for 3 or more components).ConclusionsThe use of cMetS is valid for adolescents and can detect a greater proportion of students with metabolic risk, compared to the current criteria for diagnosis of MetS.
Heritability estimation of 2D:4D finger ratio in a Chuvashian population‐based sample
Authors: Kalichman Leonid , Batsevich Valery , Kobyliansky Eugene 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the familial correlations and heritability of 2D:4D ratio traits using a large population‐based sample of ethnically homogeneous pedigrees from Chuvasha and Bashkortostan Autonomies of the Russian Federation.MethodsWe calculated the familial correlations and performed a heritability analysis of 2D:4D ratio traits in a sample of 1541 subjects (803 men and 738 women, mean age 47.78 ± 16.89 years, range 18‐90 years).ResultsFamilial correlations of 2D:4D ratio traits showed no significant correlation for spouses; however, parent‐offspring (0.15‐0.28, P < .001) and sibling correlations (0.13‐0.38, P < .009) were found to be significant. Heritability (H2) of visual classification of 2D:4D ratio was 0.36 for the left and 0.28 for the right hand; finger ratio was 0.55 and 0.66, respectively; the ray ratio was 0.49 and 0.59, respectively, thus indicating the existence of a clear familial aggregation of 2D:4D ratio variation in the Chuvashian pedigrees, which cannot be explained only by common environmental effects.DiscussionResults of our study suggest familial aggregations of finger ratio variation (for all traits) in Chuvashian pedigrees. No evidence of assortative mating was found.
Brain and cord imaging features in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Cacciaguerra Laura , Meani Alessandro , Mesaros Sarlota , Radaelli Marta , Palace Jacqueline , Dujmovic‐Basuroski Irena , Pagani Elisabetta , Martinelli Vittorio , Matthews Lucy , Drulovic Jelena , Leite Maria Isabel , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo validate imaging features able to discriminate neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders from multiple sclerosis with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, brain and spinal cord scans were evaluated from 116 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients (98 seropositive and 18 seronegative) in chronic disease phase and 65 age‐, sex‐, and disease duration–matched multiple sclerosis patients. To identify independent predictors of neuromyelitis optica diagnosis, after assessing the prevalence of typical/atypical findings, the original cohort was 2:1 randomized in a training sample (where a multivariate logistic regression analysis was run) and a validation sample (where the performance of the selected variables was tested and validated).ResultsTypical brain lesions occurred in 50.9% of neuromyelitis optica patients (18.1% brainstem periventricular/periaqueductal, 32.7% periependymal along lateral ventricles, 3.4% large hemispheric, 6.0% diencephalic, 4.3% corticospinal tract), 72.2% had spinal cord lesions (46.3% long transverse myelitis, 36.1% short transverse myelitis), 37.1% satisfied 2010 McDonald criteria, and none had cortical lesions. Fulfillment of at least 2 of 5 of absence of juxtacortical/cortical lesions, absence of periventricular lesions, absence of Dawson fingers, presence of long transverse myelitis, and presence of periependymal lesions along lateral ventricles discriminated neuromyelitis optica patients in both training (sensitivity = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.84–0.97; specificity = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.78–0.97) and validation samples (sensitivity = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.66–0.92; specificity = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.71–0.99). MRI findings and criteria performance were similar irrespective of serostatus.InterpretationAlthough up to 50% of neuromyelitis optica patients have no typical lesions and a relatively high percentage of them satisfy multiple sclerosis criteria, several easily applicable imaging features can help to distinguish neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:371–384.
Cerebellar degeneration correlates with motor symptoms in Huntington disease
Authors: Singh‐Bains Malvindar K. , Mehrabi Nasim F. , Sehji Tvesa , Austria Micah D. R. , Tan Adelie Y. S. , Tippett Lynette J. , Dragunow Mike , Waldvogel Henry J. , Faull Richard L. M. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveHuntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by variable motor and behavioral symptoms attributed to major neuropathology of mainly the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. The role of the cerebellum, a brain region involved in the coordination of movements, in HD neuropathology has been controversial. This study utilizes postmortem human brain tissue to investigate whether Purkinje cell degeneration in the neocerebellum is present in HD, and how this relates to disease symptom profiles.MethodsUnbiased stereological counting methods were used to quantify the total number of Purkinje cells in 15 HD cases and 8 neurologically normal control cases. Based on their predominant symptoms, the HD cases were categorized into 2 groups: “motor” or “mood.”ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant 43% loss of Purkinje cells in HD cases with predominantly motor symptoms, and no cell loss in cases showing a major mood phenotype. There was no significant correlation between Purkinje cell loss and striatal neuropathological grade, postmortem delay, CAG repeat in the IT15 gene, or age at death.InterpretationThis study shows a compelling relationship between Purkinje cell loss in the HD neocerebellum and the HD motor symptom phenotype, which, together with our previous human brain studies on the same HD cases, provides novel perspectives interrelating and correlating the variable cerebellar, basal ganglia, and neocortical neuropathology with the variability of motor/mood symptom profiles in the human HD brain. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:396–405.
Development of a high‐performance polysulfone hybrid ultrafiltration membrane using hydrophilic polymer‐functionalized mesoporous SBA − 15 as filler
Authors: Wang Haidong , Lu Xiaofei , Lu Dongwei , Wang Panpan , Ma Jun 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA novel polysulfone hybrid ultrafiltration membrane was developed by blending hydrophilic poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(PEGMA)] grafted mesoporous SBA‐15 [SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA)] as filler. The hydrophilic SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA) fillers were synthesized via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The effects of the SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA) fillers on the prepared hybrid membranes were systematically investigated. Compared with pristine SBA‐15 fillers, SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA) fillers contributed to higher hydrophilicity and a more developed pore structure in the hybrid membranes. Specifically, SBA‐15 grafted with a moderate P(PEGMA) molecular weight could better preserve the valid open‐ended filler pore structure in the membrane matrix, thus facilitating membrane permeability. The pure water flux of the as‐prepared polysulfone (PSF)/SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA) membrane was three times that of the PSF/SBA‐15 membrane (271.7 L m−2 h−1 vs. 88.2 L m−2 h−1) with similar membrane selectivity. Moreover, the PSF/SBA‐g‐P(PEGMA) membranes showed improved antifouling property. This work paves the way for developing high‐performance hybrid membranes by blending of hydrophilic polymer‐functionalized mesoporous fillers in the future. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47353.
Mechanical, acoustic, and thermal performances of shear thickening fluid–filled rigid polyurethane foam composites: Effects of content of shear thickening fluid and particle size of silica
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Ling Lei , Wang Xiaoxiao , Jiang Qian , Liu Bobo , Lin Jia‐Horng , Lou Ching‐Wen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTShear thickening fluid (STF) features a rheological property, and rigid polyurethane (PU) foams feature low thermal conductivity and excellent acoustic insulation. In this study, an STF/PU rigid foam composite sandwich structure was designed using different contents (0, 0.5, 1, or 1.5 wt %) of STF that contained 14 nm, 40 nm, or 75 nm silicon dioxide (SiO2). The effects of STF content and silica size on the cell structure, mechanical performance, acoustic absorption, and thermal performance of the STF/PU foam were explored. The test results show that STF/PU foam exhibited three characteristic acoustic absorption peaks, and the maximum acoustic absorption coefficient reached 0.841. STF addition increased compression, bending strength, and maximum acoustic coefficient, as well as initial mass loss temperature. STF‐filled PU foam composites containing 14 nm and 40 nm SiO2 had a mild rise in thermal insulation. The rigid STF/PU foam composites with a cell structure had the maximum thermal conductivity of 0.22 W m−1 K−1 and sound absorption coefficient of 0.841, which confirm that they are a good candidate for sound‐absorbing energy conservation materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47359.
Strengthen flame retardancy of epoxy thermoset by montmorillonite particles adhering phosphorus‐containing fragments
Authors: Liu Zhen , Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun , Chen Yajun , Xu Bo 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPhosphaphenanthrene derivative tri‐(3‐DOPO‐2‐hydroxypropan‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trione (TGD) and organo‐modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were jointly introduced into the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured by 4,4‐diamino‐diphenylmethane (EP) to investigate their flame retardant behaviors. With only addition of 0.5%OMMT and 2.5%TGD, epoxy thermoset achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 33.7% and passed UL 94 V‐0 rating test. Compared with the combustion behaviors of 3%OMMT/EP and 3%TGD/EP, an obvious synergistic flame retardant effect between OMMT and TGD can be concluded in OMMT/TGD/EP. Meanwhile, the FTIR spectra of gas‐phase and condensed‐phase products further proved this synergistic effect working in a physical way. On one hand, the co‐existence of hydroxyl‐containing TGD enabled montmorillonite (MMT) particles to filtrate and adhere more smoke fragments. On the other hand, the co‐action of MMT help the polar phosphorus‐containing fragments from TGD better strengthened char layer, enhancing the barrier and protective effect of residue. The synergistic flame retardant effect from OMMT/TGD system endowed themselves with higher flame retardant efficiency, and epoxy thermoset with better flame retardant performance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 47500.
Morphology and thermal expansion in large HDPE injection moldings
Authors: Leung Mathew , Gnatowski Marek , Sun Grace , Stanese Adrian , Wong Tonny 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTMorphology and linear coefficients of thermal expansion (LCTE) within the wall of a large (10 kg) injection molded container were evaluated. The study employed polarized light microscopic birefringence techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as thermal mechanical analysis to determine the LCTE anisotropy in the skin and core of the wall. A difference in crystallinity between skin and core was found, and a region with distinct lamellas was seen under SEM without sample etching. A large variability in anisotropy of the LCTE was found in the relatively thick (~700 μm) skin of the molding. The LCTE differences between skin and core were attributed to molecular orientation related to resin flow. LCTE anisotropy as an important source of residual stress in the transition zone between skin and core was confirmed by fractographic analysis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47507.
Design of multifunctionalized piperazine polymer and its activity toward pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Jalageri Manohara Dhulappa , Malgar Puttaiahgowda Yashoda , Parambil Ajithkumar Manayan , Kulal Ananda 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe study intends to design a simple and powerful synthesis of piperazine‐methacrylate monomer and its homopolymer. The synthesized piperazine‐methacrylate monomer was polymerized by solution polymerization technique in the presence of free‐radical initiator azobis(2‐methylpropionitrile) resulting in the formation of multifunctionalized piperazine polymer. The structural investigation was done by FTIR and NMR (1H and 13C NMR). The thermal properties and degradation of the polymer were examined by DSC and TGA techniques. The polymer exhibited glass transition temperature (Tg) at 88.4 °C. The polymer surface was found to be soft and nonporous which was examined by FESEM. The synthesized polymeric compound exhibited good antimicrobial activity against Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli, tubercular variant Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition at a range of 15.60–19.33, 15.33–17, and 15.67–18 mm diameter, respectively. The polymer also showed good activity against fungus Candida albicans with a zone of inhibition at a range of 16.33–22 mm diameter. The percentage inhibition of microorganisms increased with increase in concentration (1.5–12 mg) which is carried out by optical density method. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47521.
Imaging Bioluminescent Exogenous Stem Cells in the Intact Guinea Pig Cochlea
Authors: Schomann Timo , Mezzanotte Laura , de Groot John C. M. J. , Löwik Clemens W. G. M. , Frijns Johan H. M. , Huisman Margriet A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTStem‐cell‐based therapy may be used to replace damaged or lost neurons in the cochlear nerve of patients suffering from severe‐to‐profound sensorineural hearing loss. In order to achieve functional recovery in future clinical trials, knowledge about survival of grafted cells and their differentiation into functional neurons is a prerequisite. This calls for non‐invasive in vivo visualization of cells and long‐term monitoring of their survival and fate after cochlear transplantation. We have investigated if molecular optical imaging enables visualization of exogenous cells in the intact cochlea of guinea pig cadaver heads. Transduced (stem) cells, stably co‐expressing fluorescent (copGFP) and bioluminescent (Luc2) reporter molecules, were injected into the internal auditory meatus or directly into the cochlea through the round window. After injection of the cells into the internal auditory meatus, a bright bioluminescent signal was observed in the cavum conchae of the auricle, indicating that light generated by Luc2 is passing through the tympanic membrane and the external auditory meatus. Similar results were obtained after injection of the cells through the round window membrane, either directly into the scala tympani or in Rosenthal's canal within the modiolus of the basal cochlear turn. Imaging of the auditory bulla demonstrated that the bioluminescent signal passes through the tympanic membrane and crevices in the bony wall of the bulla. After opening the auditory bulla, the bioluminescent signal was emanating from the round window. This is the first study demonstrating that bioluminescence imaging enables visualization of luciferase‐expressing cells injected into the intact guinea pig cochlea. Anat Rec, 303:427–440, 2020. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Differential Changes in the Number and Morphology of the New Neurons after Chronic Infusion of Wnt7a, Wnt5a, and Dkk‐1 in the Adult Hippocampus In Vivo
Authors: Ortiz‐Matamoros Abril , Arias Clorinda 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn the adult hippocampus of many mammals, a particular microenvironment in the neurogenic niche regulates the proliferation, self‐renewal, and differentiation of neuronal stem cells. In this proliferative niche, a variety of molecules provide a finely regulated molecular signaling that controls stem cell properties. During development, Wnt signaling has been implicated in cell fate determination and proliferation, in the establishment of cell polarity, as well as a cue for axonal growth and dendrite orientation. In the adult brain, this pathway also participates in the stem cell self‐renewal and neuronal differentiation. However, the effects of the chronic Wnt signaling modulation in the adult hippocampus, through the infusion of Wnt7a, Wnt5a, and Dkk‐1, on the rate of neurogenesis and on the induction of neurite arborization have not been studied. In this study, we show that Wnt7a and Wn5a further increased the rate of newly generated neurons. However, Wnt5a exerted additional effects by promoting neurite growth and neurite misorientation in the dentate gyrus of adult rats. The chronic exposure to Dkk‐1 also generated aberrant location of growing neurites. These results suggest that the interplay of canonical and non‐canonical Wnt ligands participates in neuronal stem cell proliferation and in the establishment of proper neurite maturation. Anat Rec, 302:1647–1657, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Sodium‐Ion Hybrid Battery Combining an Anion‐Intercalation Cathode with an Adsorption‐Type Anode for Enhanced Rate and Cycling Performance
Authors: Lang Jihui , Li Jinrui , Zhang Fan , Ding Xuan , Zapien Juan A. , Tang Yongbing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are based on natural abundant and low‐cost materials and show a good chemical safety. They have thus become an alternative battery technology to conventional lithium‐ion batteries. However, SIBs usually suffer from poor rate capability and insufficient cycling performance caused by the sluggish reaction kinetics of the large Na+ ions, restricting their practical application. Herein, we report a novel sodium‐ion hybrid battery (SHB) combining an anion intercalation‐type graphite cathode material with an adsorption‐type hierarchical porous carbon anode material. The hierarchical porous amorphous carbon is derived from a natural biomass template with macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐ pores as well as high specific surface area, which are beneficial for fast adsorption/desorption of Na+ ions. Consequently, attributed from the hybrid battery design, this SHB exhibits excellent rate capability and cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 80 mAh g−1 at 2 C over a voltage window of 0–3.8 V and capacity retention of 87 % after 1000 cycles at 10 C.