bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer drought decreases Leymus chinensis productivity through constraining the bud, tiller and shoot production
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Shi Yujie , Ao Yunna , Yu Dafu , Wang Jiao , Gao Song , Knops Johannes M. H. , Mu Chunsheng , Li Zhijian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtreme drought events can directly decrease productivity in perennial grasslands. However, for rhizomatous perennial grasses it remains unknown how drought events influence the belowground bud bank which determines future productivity. Ninety‐day‐long drought events imposed on Leymus chinensis, a rhizomatous perennial grass, caused a 41% decrease in the aboveground biomass and a 28% decrease in belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased due to decrease in both the parent and the daughter shoot biomass. The decreases in daughter shoot biomass were due to reductions in both the shoot number and each individual shoot weight. Most importantly, drought decreased the bud bank density by 56%. In addition, drought induced a bud allocation change that decreased by 41% the proportion of buds that developed into shoots and a 41% increase in the buds that developed into rhizomes. Above results were supported by our field experiment with watering treatments. Thus, a 90‐day‐long summer drought event decreases not only current productivity but also future productivity, because the drought reduces the absolute bud number. However, plasticity in plant development does partly compensate for this reduction in bud number by increasing bud development into rhizomes, which increases the relative allocation of buds into future shoots, at the cost of a decrease in current shoots.
Data‐driven glass/ceramic science research: Insights from the glass and ceramic and data science/informatics communities
Authors: De Guire Eileen , Bartolo Laura , Brindle Ross , Devanathan Ram , Dickey Elizabeth C. , Fessler Justin , French Roger H. , Fotheringham Ulrich , Harmer Martin , Lara‐Curzio Edgar , Lichtner Sarah , Maillet Emmanuel , Mauro John , Mecklenborg Mark , Meredig Bryce , Rajan Krishna , Rickman Jeffrey , Sinnott Susan , Spahr Charlie , Suh Changwon , Tandia Adama , Ward Logan , Weber Rick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractData‐driven science and technology have helped achieve meaningful technological advancements in areas such as materials/drug discovery and health care, but efforts to apply high‐end data science algorithms to the areas of glass and ceramics are still limited. Many glass and ceramic researchers are interested in enhancing their work by using more data and data analytics to develop better functional materials more efficiently. Simultaneously, the data science community is looking for a way to access materials data resources to test and validate their advanced computational learning algorithms. To address this issue, The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) convened a Glass and Ceramic Data Science Workshop in February 2018, sponsored by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (AMTech) program. The workshop brought together a select group of leaders in the data science, informatics, and glass and ceramics communities, ACerS, and Nexight Group to identify the greatest opportunities and mechanisms for facilitating increased collaboration and coordination between these communities. This article summarizes workshop discussions about the current challenges that limit interactions and collaboration between the glass and ceramic and data science communities, opportunities for a coordinated approach that leverages existing knowledge in both communities, and a clear path toward the enhanced use of data science technologies for functional glass and ceramic research and development.
Reproductive biology and population structure of white warehou Seriolella caerulea and silver warehou Seriolella punctata in the austral zone off Chile
Authors: Chong Liu , Flores Andrés , Quiroz Juan Carlos , Contreras Francisco , Wiff Rodrigo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing an extensive database compiled by scientific observers aboard commercial fishing operations between 1984 and 2014, we describe the maturity and size structures of white warehou Seriolella caerulea and silver warehou Seriolella punctata from by‐catch of the trawling industrial fisheries operating in the austral zone off Chile. Macroscopic maturity stages and gonadosomatic (IGS) index show mature females throughout the year and a pronounced spawning period in both austral autumn and winter seasons, with an IGS peak in July for S. punctata and August for S. caerulea. Reproductive patterns in both species show an extended spawning season (July to September) across the area between 43 and 47° S. Length–mass relationships showed significant differences between sexes in both species, where females reach a larger size. Fork length at 50% maturity was 43.5 cm for S. caerulea and 37.2 cm for S. punctata. Female catch composition is dominated by adult fish (96% for S. caerulea and 86% for S. punctata). Currently, both species are exploited with no assessment and management‐decision framework. Therefore, information regarding reproductive biology and demographic traits becomes an important baseline to ensure adequate fisheries management for both species.
Biomass‐dependent emission of environmental DNA in jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus juveniles
Authors: Horiuchi Tomoya , Masuda Reiji , Murakami Hiroaki , Yamamoto Satoshi , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) from juvenile jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus was detected in tanks with 1, 3, 10, or 30 individuals per tank. Quantitative PCR using a set of species‐specific primers and a probe revealed that the concentration of eDNA increased almost linearly with the density of fish. The coefficient of determination (R2) in the linear regression was lower than values previously reported for freshwater fishes in similar settings.
A shocking discovery of threat risks on newly described species of weakly electric fishes
Authors: Tagliacollo Victor A. , Camelier Priscila , Zanata Angela M. , Reis Roberto E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate relationships between species traits and publication date in the weakly electric osteoglossiform Mormyroidea (African knifefish and elephantfishes) and the ostariophysan Gymnotiformes (Neotropical knifefishes). It is investigated whether body size and geographic distribution area are correlated with publication date and whether extinction risk differs between both phylogenetically distant and geographically isolated clades. Statistical modelling indicates that the number of new species described annually is stable in mormyroids and clearly increasing in gymnotiforms. Best‐fitting generalised linear models (GLM) indicate that the newly discovered species are more often of small‐bodied, predominantly narrowly distributed and more likely to be threatened with extinction. These characteristics are more pronounced in mormyroids when compared with gymnotiforms, suggesting that some African electric fishes may live an ephemeral existence after formal description. Despite taxonomic work has been more intense in the Neotropics than in Africa in the recent decades, there is evidence that the African continent represents the next frontier of species descriptions. Taxonomic studies are fundamental for the understanding of richness and distribution and hence extinction risk assessment and conservation, of these remarkable convergent fish clades.
The effect of sacral massage on labor pain and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Karaduman Serap , Akköz Çevik Semra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimNonpharmacologic pain control methods, which are increasingly becoming widespread in coping with labor pain, are the methods that allow women to completely relax without using any medication and direct them to perceive the pain at the lowest level. This study was conducted to determine the effect of sacral massage on labor pain and anxiety.MethodsThis study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study at Bağcılar Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic between March and October 2016. In all, 60 women, 30 of whom were in the control group and 30 of whom were in the experimental group, constituted the research sample. The women in the experimental group were administered a massage to the sacral region for 30 min. The questionnaire form, birth action follow‐up form, postpartum interview form, visual analog scale (VAS) and state‐trait anxiety inventory were used to collect data in the study.ResultsThe latent phase VAS averages (3.57 ± 1.43), active phase VAS averages (7.03 ± 1.5) and transition phase VAS averages (8.83 ± 1.78) of the experimental group were found to be statistically significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .05).ConclusionIt was concluded that sacral massage applied during labor reduced women's labor pain, lowered the levels of concern and anxiety, led to greater feelings of satisfaction among pregnant women in terms of labor, positively affected the perception of labor and had no fetal side effects.
Toward safer thanatopraxy cares: formaldehyde‐releasers use
Authors: Varlet Vincent , Bouvet Alain , Cadas Hugues , Hornung Jean‐Pierre , Grabherr Silke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman cadavers constitute very useful educational tools to teach anatomy in medical scholarship and related disciplines such as physiology, for example. However, as biological material, human body is subjected to decay. Thanatopraxy cares such as embalming have been developed to slow down and inhibit this decay, but the formula used for the preservation fluids are mainly formaldehyde (FA)‐based. Very recently, other formulas were developed in order to replace FA, and to avoid its toxicity leading to important environmental and professional exposure concerns. However, these alternative FA‐free fluids are still not validated or commercialized, and their efficiency is still under discussion. In this context, the use of FA‐releasing substances, already used in the cosmetics industry, may offer interesting alternatives in order to reduce professional exposures to FA. Simultaneously, the preservation of the body is still guaranteed by FA generated over time from FA‐releasers. The aim of this review is to revaluate the use of FA in thanatopraxy cares, to present its benefits and disadvantages, and finally to propose an alternative to reduce FA professional exposure during thanatopraxy cares thanks to FA‐releasers use.
Food bolus‐forming ability predicts incidence of aspiration pneumonia in nursing home older adults: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hase Takashi , Miura Yuka , Nakagami Gojiro , Okamoto Shigefumi , Sanada Hiromi , Sugama Junko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFood boluses in the pharynx without enough bolus formation sometimes cause aspiration among older adults; however, the relationship between food bolus‐forming ability and incidence of aspiration pneumonia is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between food bolus‐forming ability and incidence of aspiration pneumonia by evaluating the condition of chew‐swallow managing food transported into the pharynx.MethodsA prospective observational study conducted in a nursing home for the elderly between April 2016 and February 2018. Seventy‐three residents who swallowed thickened liquids and consistent boluses without aspiration were included. Food boluses were graded into three categories in the pharynx using videoendoscopic evaluation. Boluses that retained their original shape were defined as Grade 1. A mixture of large and small boluses was defined as Grade 2. Boluses that had completely transformed into a paste were defined as Grade 3. The relationship between the bolus formation grade and incidence of aspiration pneumonia over 6‐month follow‐up was investigated.ResultsSeventeen residents developed aspiration pneumonia. The incidence rate of aspiration pneumonia was highest among residents with Grade 1 boluses, at an incidence rate of .187 cases per person‐month (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.097‐0.359). Cox regression showed residents with Grade 1 boluses had a hazard ratio of 4.548 (1.393‐14.85) for incidence of aspiration pneumonia compared with residents who had Grade 2 or 3 boluses.ConclusionInsufficient food bolus‐forming ability predicted high incidence of aspiration pneumonia. Healthcare professionals should evaluate the food bolus‐forming ability, as well as swallowing function, to prevent aspiration pneumonia.
Determination of gastrointestinal passage rate using three different markers in laying hens
Authors: Kolakshyapati Manisha , Bailey Craig , Zimazile Sibanda Terence , Morgan Natalie , Ruhnke Isabelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe titanium dioxide (TiO2) marker technique is currently widely practiced as a method to evaluate gastrointestinal (GI) passage rate in poultry. However, this method requires sacrificing the animal to obtain digesta samples, is labour‐intensive and eliminates the possibility of follow‐up studies with the same individual. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the radiographic methods barium‐impregnated polyethylene spheres (BIPS) and barium sulphate (BaSO4) suspension are in agreement with the TiO2 technique and can be used as an alternative method for GI passage rate determination in laying hens. Whole‐body radiographs were taken at different time points. Hens of group 3 (n = 55) were orally inoculated with 5 g of feed mixed with 0.15 g TiO2, 5 hens per time point sacrificed, and whole gastrointestinal organs (crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine and large intestine) were collected and analysed for TiO2 content. The average marker passage rate of hens administered BaSO4 was significantly faster than those administered BIPS (gizzard: 15.2 hr vs. 43.2 hr; small intestine: 15.2 hr vs. 38.4 hr, respectively). A greater percentage of BIPS remained in the crop at 0, 0.5, 2, 3 and 8 hr post‐inoculation (p.i.) and in the gizzard at 2, 24, 36 and 48 hr p.i. (all p < 0.05) compared to TiO2. In conclusion, the evaluation of the GI transit time is feasible using BIPS, TiO2 and BaSO4. The evaluation of the GI transit time using BIPS and BaSO4 needs further investigation.
Treatment adherence and support for people who inject drugs taking direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C infection
Authors: Read Phillip , Gilliver Rosie , Kearley John , Lothian Rebecca , Cunningham Evan B. , Chronister Karen J. , Dore Gregory J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA community‐based public health facility in Sydney, Australia, the Kirketon Road Centre (KRC), provides health care to people who inject drugs (PWID), homeless and other marginalized people. Since March 2016, KRC has provided treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs). We aimed to evaluate treatment adherence amongst clients taking DAAs in a highly marginalized population. All clients who commenced DAA therapy prior to March 2018 at KRC were included in this observational cohort with a subset of clients attending daily or weekly for enhanced adherence support and dosing. Demographic, behavioural, clinical measures and medication dosing were recorded, and adherence was calculated as the proportion of doses taken during the expected treatment duration. Factors associated with adherence were examined using logistic regression. A total of 242 individuals commenced DAA therapy, of whom 79 (32%) received enhanced adherence support. Enhanced support was associated with homelessness, daily injecting, Aboriginality, mental health co‐morbidity and poly‐drug use (all P < .001). Overall adherence was 86%, and 92% of patients missed one or more doses (median 10, IQR 4‐24). At least 90% adherence during planned duration was seen in 38%, but increased to 66% by continuing therapy beyond planned duration. Intention‐to‐treat SVR12 was 68% and 66% in the enhanced adherence support sub‐population, with 29% lost to follow‐up by SVR12 testing. There were only 2 (0.8%) documented virological failures. Per‐protocol SVR12 was 99% and 96% in the enhanced adherence support sub‐population. In conclusion, adherence support may benefit those with multiple markers of marginalization. Extension of therapy beyond planned duration is a pragmatic strategy to enhance completion. Strategies to improve follow‐up, particularly post‐treatment are required.
A systematic review and meta‐analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs
Authors: Jambhekar Anisha , Robin Elisabeth , Le Boedec Kevin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe pathogenic role of mycoplasmas in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of dogs is debated, because mycoplasmas can be isolated from both healthy and sick dogs.ObjectivesTo critically assess available data from controlled observational studies on the role of 4 mycoplasma species in LRT disease of dogs.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analyses.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched for relevant publications. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses, stratified by mycoplasmal species, were performed using a random effects Bayesian model with noninformative priors to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association betweenMycoplasma cynos,Mycoplasma canis,Mycoplasma spumans, andMycoplasma edwardiiand LRT disease in dogs.ResultsFive studies were included from 1201 references identified. All studies dealt withM. cynos, whereas 3 dealt with the other mycoplasma species. A significant association was found betweenM. cynosand LRT disease (Bayesian OR, 3.60; CI, 1.31‐10.29). Conversely,M. canis,M. spumans, andM. edwardiiwere not significantly associated with LRT signs (Bayesian OR, 1.06; CI, 0.10‐14.63; Bayesian OR, 3.40; CI, 0.16‐54.27; and Bayesian OR, 1.04; CI, 0.05‐23.54, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults support a pathogenic role ofM. cynosand a commensal role ofM. canisandM. edwardiiin LRT in dogs. Although the association was not significant based on the CI, the point estimate of the Bayesian OR was relatively high forM. spumans, making its role less clear.Mycoplasma cynos‐specific polymerase chain reaction should be considered on samples from dogs with LRT.
Conjuring Biosecurity in the Post‐Ebola Kissi Triangle: The Magic of Paperwork in a Frontier Clinic
Authors: Frankfurter Raphael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article considers the increasing centrality of biosecurity and epidemiological surveillance as key priorities for the Sierra Leonean health care system after the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak. Amid this broad shift from conceiving of clinics as sites primarily for the provision of therapeutics to instead sites for disease surveillance and threat mitigation, paperwork regimes have proliferated within remote facilities that are out of stock of nearly all supplies and unable to address even the most basic of infectious diseases. Drawing on fieldwork in one such clinic in the region in which Ebola first emerged, I describe one nurse whose endless paperwork tasks seem to have transformed into a type of magical therapeutic practice, resonant with other forms of local text‐based healing. Thus, I reflect on the ways that the logics of the fetish—and the emergent ambiguities and perils therein—come to operate through paperwork for local healing practices and biosecuritization efforts alike.
Lingering stereotypes: Salience bias in philosophical argument
Authors: Fischer Eugen , Engelhardt Paul E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany philosophical thought experiments and arguments involve unusual cases. We present empirical reasons to doubt the reliability of intuitive judgments and conclusions about such cases. Inferences and intuitions prompted by verbal case descriptions are influenced by routine comprehension processes which invoke stereotypes. We build on psycholinguistic findings to determine conditions under which the stereotype associated with the most salient sense of a word predictably supports inappropriate inferences from descriptions of unusual (stereotype‐divergent) cases. We conduct an experiment that combines plausibility ratings with pupillometry to document this “salience bias.” We find that under certain conditions, competent speakers automatically make stereotypical inferences they know to be inappropriate.
Identifying a human rights–based approach to obesity for States and civil society
Authors: Patterson David , Buse Kent , Magnusson Roger , Toebes Brigit 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObesity and its comorbidities pose daunting challenges to global health and development in the 21st century. This paper reviews some commonalities between obesity and another global health challenge, the pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). International human rights law was an important catalyst for civil society movements that helped to overcome inertia and generate political will for State action in response to HIV and AIDS. Drawing on the HIV experience, the authors propose a conceptual model for a human rights–based response to obesity founded on the twin pillars of State obligations and civil society engagement. Framing States' obligations to address the global obesity pandemic as a matter of international law, informed by the examples of the United Nations “International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights” and the General Comments of the United Nations human rights treaty bodies on HIV and AIDS, provides a normative framework to guide State actions and opportunities to engage the extensive accountability mechanisms of the United Nations international human rights system. In addition, it provides civil society organizations with the language and tools to demand State action on obesity. The authors call for similar authoritative guidance for States on the application of international human rights law to obesity.