bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7th Euro Evo Devo meeting: Report on the “Evolution of regeneration in Metazoa” symposium
Authors: Gazave Eve , Röttinger Eric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegeneration, the ability to restore lost parts of the body, is a widespread phenomenon in animals. While this ability is somehow limited in classical developmental model organisms, a variety of animals are able to regenerate complex structures such as limbs or important parts of their body, upon injury. Despite the recent emergence of regenerative studies using a large variety of metazoans, we still lack a general view of the evolution of animal regeneration. In the context of the 7th EvoDevo meeting that took place in June 2018 in Galway, Ireland, the “Evolution of regeneration in Metazoa” symposium gathered scientists studying the regenerative potential of evolutionarily distant animal species.
Global implementation of PrEP for HIV prevention: setting expectations for impact
Authors: Pyra Maria N , Haberer Jessica E , Hasen Nina , Reed Jason , Mugo Nelly R , Baeten Jared M 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionQuestions remain whether HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can be translated into a successful public health intervention, leading to a decrease in population‐level HIV incidence. We use examples from HIV treatment and contraceptives to discuss expectations for PrEP uptake, adherence, and persistence and their combined impact on the epidemic.DiscussionTargets for PrEP uptake must be based on the local HIV epidemic and will depend on appropriate estimates of the key populations at risk for HIV. However, there is evidence that targets, once established, can successfully be met and that uptake may increase with awareness. Messaging around adherence should include that daily adherence is the goal (except for those MSM for whom event‐driven dosing is a good fit), but perfect adherence should not be a barrier. Ideally, clients persist on PrEP for as long as they are at risk for HIV. While PrEP will be most effective when coverage is focused on high‐risk populations, normalizing rather than stigmatizing PrEP will be highly beneficial.ConclusionsWhile many challenges to PrEP implementation exist, we focused on the three key steps of uptake, adherence and persistence as measurable processes that can lead to improved coverage and decreased HIV incidence.
Water in protein hydration and ligand recognition
Authors: Maurer Manuela , Oostenbrink Chris 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis review describes selected basics of water in biomolecular recognition. We focus on a qualitative understanding of the most important physical aspects, how these change in magnitude between bulk water and protein environment, and how the roles that water plays for proteins arise from them. These roles include mechanical support, thermal coupling, dielectric screening, mass and charge transport, and the competition with a ligand for the occupation of a binding site. The presence or absence of water has ramifications that range from the thermodynamic binding signature of a single ligand up to cellular survival. The large inhomogeneity in water density, polarity and mobility around a solute is hard to assess in experiment. This is a source of many difficulties in the solvation of protein models and computational studies that attempt to elucidate or predict ligand recognition. The influence of water in a protein binding site on the experimental enthalpic and entropic signature of ligand binding is still a point of much debate. The strong water‐water interaction in enthalpic terms is counteracted by a water molecule's high mobility in entropic terms. The complete arrest of a water molecule's mobility sets a limit on the entropic contribution of a water displacement process, while the solvent environment sets limits on ligand reactivity.
Ethanol Lock Therapy Markedly Reduces Catheter‐Related Blood Stream Infections in Adults Requiring Home Parenteral Nutrition: A Retrospective Study From a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Gundogan Kursat , Dave Nisha J. , Griffith Daniel P. , Zhao Vivian M. , McNally Therese A. , Easley Kirk A. , Haack Carla I. , Galloway John R. , Ziegler Thomas R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of central venous catheter (CVC) access for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is associated with catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). There are limited data on the use of ethanol lock therapy (ELT) to prevent CRBSI in adult HPN patients. Our aim was to determine whether the routine institution of ELT decreased the incidence of CRBSI compared with historic controls at Emory University Hospital (EUH) in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.MethodsEUH medical records of adult HPN patients discharged with a tunneled, silicone CVC on ELT were retrospectively studied during a pre‐hoc determined 14‐month observation period (n = 87; 13,386 catheter days) and compared with clinically similar HPN patients from the same institution before institution of the ELT protocol for all appropriate patients. The ELT protocol involved instilling 2 mL of 70% ethanol into each catheter lumen daily after the HPN cycle, following initial flushing with normal saline.ResultsOnly 5 of 87 patients (5.7%) who received ELT were diagnosed with a CRBSI (0.45/1000 catheter days) during observation. We compared these data with our previously published clinically matched patient population from EUH (n = 22) receiving HPN via a silicone CVC without ELT. Of these historical controls, 45.5% were diagnosed with 1 or more CRBSIs (8.7/1000 catheter days) during observation (P < .001 vs the current ELT cohort).ConclusionsIn this retrospective study with historical controls from the same academic center, institution of ELT in adults requiring HPN via a silicone CVC was associated with a marked (19‐fold) reduction in CRBSI.
Underwater polarization‐based single pixel imaging
Authors: Wu Houde , Zhao Ming , Li Fengqiang , Tian Zhiming , Zhao Meijing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper extends single pixel imaging (SPI) to underwater scenario. Backscattering, which is a limiting factor for underwater imaging, is analyzed for the SPI, and the forward model of SPI under backscattering is formulated. Inspired by the polarization‐based descattering technique, we propose the two cross‐polarization SPI detection scheme to eliminate the backscattering light. The descattered image is reconstructed from the cross‐polarization data. Experimentally, we construct the underwater polarization‐based single‐pixel imaging system. And we test our scheme under different turbidity water. It is shown in experiments that our method can provide a clear image at turbid water of 32FTU, where the classical SPI has been severely contaminated by the backscattering, even under the best the polarization state.
SOD3 overexpression alleviates cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Sun Shuaiqi , Gao Ning , Hu Xiqi , Luo Han , Peng Jun , Xia Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke is a deadly disease that poses a serious threat to human life. Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3, ECSOD) is the main antioxidant enzyme that removes superoxide anions from cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SOD3 overexpression on cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats.MethodsGV230‐EGFP‐ECSOD, the recombinant SOD3‐overexpressed vector, was constructed by genetic engineering technology, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were infected with lentiviral packaging. In animal experiment, cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury model rats were successfully established. ECSOD‐MSCs are the MSCs that successfully transfected with SOD3 overexpression vector. The animals were injected with ECSOD‐MSCs (ECSOD‐MSC group), normal MSCs (MSCs group), PBS (PBS group), and not do any processing (Model group) via the tail vein. Then MRI was used to detect the infarct volume of rats, modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS), and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of neurological function and apoptosis‐related genes in rats.ResultsWestern blot analysis revealed that the SOD3 was highly expressed in MSCs. Animal experiments showed that the transplantation of ECSOD‐MSCs significantly reduced the infarct volume of ischemic stroke rats (p < 0.05), significantly improved neurological function in rats (p < 0.05), and found proapoptotic gene, Bax, expression was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), the expression of anti‐apoptotic gene, Bcl‐2, was significantly increased (p < 0.05). The highly expressed SOD3 has no correction with brain infarct volume, and the highly expressed SOD3 has a positive correlation with cell apoptosis. It is speculated that overexpression of SOD3 affects the expression of Bax and Bcl‐2, and improves apoptosis to alleviate ischemic stroke.ConclusionOur results indicated that MSCs transfected with SOD3 can effectively alleviate cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury in rats.
Pectoralis major turnover flap based on thoracoacromial vessels for sternal dehiscence
Authors: Goishi Keiichi , Harada Hiroshi , Keyama Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Tatsuya , Hashimoto Ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of long and deep sternal defects has been challenging. The pectoralis major can be used in the conventional turnover method that requires the internal thoracic vessel. We developed a new turnover pectoralis major flap based on thoracoacromial vessels. The purpose of this report is to present results from 14 patients.MethodsFourteen patients with a mean age of 73.6 years (range, 53–83 years) who had sternal defects underwent reconstruction via this procedure. The defects were caused by mediastinitis and sternal osteomyelitis in six and eight patients, respectively. The internal thoracic artery (ITA) was harvested in two patients. The mean defect size was 2.4 × 15.5 cm (ranging 1–4.3 × 13–18 cm). After elevation of the lateral border of the muscle and ligation of the third to fifth perforators from ITA, the lateral side was turned over and the medial lower portion of the flap was additionally transplanted to the defect.ResultsThe mean flap size was 10.7 × 18 cm (ranging 9–13 × 15–21 cm). For 11 patients, defects healed without any complications. Discharge after flap reconstruction was observed in three patients, two of whom were managed using conservative treatments. Only one patient who needed additional debridement required transplantation of the contralateral pectoral major flap.ConclusionsThis muscle flap is nourished primarily by the thoracoacromial vessel. The long length and large volume of the muscle flap could be successfully turned over with this procedure even in patients that had their internal thoracic artery sacrificed.
High maternal selenium levels are associated with increased risk of congenital heart defects in the offspring
Authors: Guo Yixiong , Yu Ping , Zhu Jun , Yang Shuihua , Yu Jing , Deng Ying , Li Nana , Liu Zhen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether maternal hair or cord blood selenium levels are associated with infant congenital heart defects (CHDs).MethodA hospital‐based case‐control study was performed with samples collected from 2010 to 2014. Selenium levels in maternal hair and fetal cord serum were measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Data from medical records of infants with CHDs were collected. Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the independent association between maternal selenium exposure and fetal CHD.ResultsIn total, 888 pregnant women were included in this study. Median (interquartile range) selenium levels in of maternal hair was similar in the control and CHD group. A significant association was detected between increased maternal hair selenium concentration and CHDs in offspring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.57, 95 %CI, 1.90‐6.70). The association was present in all CHD groups, including septal defects, conotruncal defects, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and anomalous pulmonary venous return.ConclusionHigh maternal selenium level is significantly associated with the occurrence of fetal CHD.
Interfacing neural constructs with the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology: ‘Why' and ‘how'
Authors: Perkins Emily R. , Latzman Robert D. , Patrick Christopher J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) represents a crucial step forward in the empirical refinement of psychiatric nosology. Although grounded in factor analyses of clinical symptoms and affiliated traits, HiTOP encourages research using measures of other types, including neural‐system variables, to clarify coherent processes contributing to the hierarchical structure of psychopathology. However, systematic strategies for interfacing HiTOP dimensions with neural‐system variables have not been put forth. We discuss reasons for considering neurobiological systems in relation to HiTOP (i.e. ‘why') and propose alternative strategies that might be used to develop an interface between HiTOP and neurobiology (i.e. ‘how'). In particular, we highlight potential advantages and limitations of establishing this interface through reference to (i) HiTOP dimensions themselves, or conventional personality trait models linked to HiTOP; (ii) alternative trait constructs designed to link conventional personality models and neurobiological measures; and (iii) mechanistic models of neurobiological processes relevant to HiTOP constructs, derived from computational modelling. We discuss the importance of establishing an interface between HiTOP and neurobiology to develop a more comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of psychopathology and to guide the refinement of the HiTOP model. Such efforts have the potential to guide the development and provision of effective, individualized psychological treatment.
Evaluation of a cuticle protein gene as a potential RNAi target in aphids
Authors: Shang Feng , Ding Bi‐Yue , Ye Chao , Yang Li , Chang Teng‐Yu , Xie Jiaqin , Tang Liang‐De , Niu Jinzhi , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRNA interference (RNAi) has potential as a pest insect control technique. One possible RNAi target is the cuticle protein, which is important in insect molting and development. As an example, here we evaluate the possibility of designing double‐stranded RNA (RNA) that is effective for silencing the cuticle protein 19 gene (CP19) in aphids but is harmless to non‐target predator insects.RESULTSThe sequences of CP19s were similar (86.6–94.4%) among the tested aphid species (Aphis citricidus, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Myzus persicae) but different in the predator Propylaea japonica. Ingestion of species‐specific dsRNAs of CP19 by the three aphids produced 39.3–64.2% gene silencing and 45.8–55.8% mortality. Ingestion of non‐species‐specific dsRNA (dsAcCP19) by Ac. pisum and M. persicae gave gene silencing levels ranging from 40.4% to 50.3% and 43.3–50.8% mortality. The dsApCP19 did not affect PjCP19 expression or developmental duration in P. japonica.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrate that CP19 is a promising RNAi target for aphid control via one dsRNA design. The targeting of genes that are conserved in insect pests but not present in beneficial insects is a useful RNAi‐based pest control strategy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Anionic Se‐Substitution toward High‐Performance CuS1−xSex Nanosheet Cathode for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhitao , Zhu Youqi , Qiao Chen , Yang Shuo , Jia Jian , Rafai Souleymen , Ma Xilan , Wu Shide , Ji Fengqiu , Cao Chuanbao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRechargeable magnesium batteries (rMBs) are promising as the most ideal further energy storage systems but lack competent cathode materials due to sluggish redox reaction kinetics. Herein, developed is an anionic Se‐substitution strategy to improve the rate capability and the cycling stability of 2D CuS1−xSex nanosheet cathodes through an efficient microwave‐induced heating method. The optimized CuS1−xSex (X = 0.2) nanosheet cathode can exhibit high reversible capacity of 268.5 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1 and good cycling stability (140.4 mAh g−1 at 300 mA g−1 upon 100 cycles). Moreover, the CuS1−xSex (X = 0.2) nanosheet cathode can deliver remarkable rate capability with a reversible capacity of 119.2 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1, much higher than the 21.7 mAh g−1 of pristine CuS nanosheets. The superior electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the enhanced reaction kinetics, enriched cation storage active sites, and shortened ion diffusion pathway of the CuS1−xSex nanosheet. Therefore, tuning anionic chemical composition demonstrates an effective strategy to develop novel cathode materials for rMBs.
Tools of the Ethylene Trade: A Chemical Kit to Influence Ethylene Responses in Plants and Its Use in Agriculture
Authors: Depaepe Thomas , Van Der Straeten Dominique 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, ethylene or ethene, is one of the most widely produced organic chemicals worldwide. It serves as a building block for various materials and chemicals, including plastics, ethanol, detergents, and many more. Strikingly, it also acts as a signaling molecule in virtually all physiological processes and during all developmental stages in plant life. Plant biologists consider ethylene to have a tripartite role in plant development; this gaseous molecule can serve as a plant growth regulator, an aging hormone, and as a stress controller, aiding in defense against both biotic and abiotic stressors. Therefore, the regulation of the ethylene status is indispensable in both agricultural and horticultural practices. Since its discovery as a phytohormone, many chemicals have been developed that are able to affect ethylene responses in plants. Here, an extensive overview of the current toolbox of ethylene regulators, their discovery, function, and applications in both the agri‐ and horticultural field is presented. Furthermore, possibilities and considerations related to novel small molecules, such as those emerging from the chemical genetics field, are discussed.
Transforming Growth Factor β-Activated Kinase 1 Regulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation Through Stabilization of Yap1/Taz Proteins
Authors: Onodera Yuta , Teramura Takeshi , Takehara Toshiyuki , Fukuda Kanji 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiation into a variety of cell types, proliferation, and production of clinically useful secretory factors. These advantages make BMMSCs highly useful for cell transplantation therapy. However, the molecular network underlying BMMSC proliferation remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) is a critical molecule that regulates the activation of cell cycling and that Tak1 inhibition leads to quiescence in BMMSCs both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Tak1 was phosphorylated by growth factor stimulations, allowing it to bind and stabilize Yap1/Taz, which could then be localized to the nucleus. We also demonstrated that the quiescence induction by inhibiting Tak1 increased oxidized stress tolerance and improved BMMSC engraftment in intramuscular and intrabone marrow cell transplantation models. This study reveals a novel pathway controlling BMMSC proliferation and suggests a useful method to improve the therapeutic effect of BMMSC transplantation. Stem Cells 2019;37:1595–1605
Virus‐like particles for vaccination against cancer
Authors: Mohsen Mona O. , Speiser Daniel E. , Knuth Alexander , Bachmann Martin F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractActive immunotherapy of cancer aims to treat the disease by inducing effective cellular and humoral immune responses. Virus‐like particle‐based vaccines have evolved dramatically over the last few decades, greatly reducing morbidity and mortality of several infectious diseases and expectedly preventing cervical cancer caused by human papilloma virus. In contrast to these broad successes of disease prevention, therapeutic cancer vaccines remain to demonstrate clinical benefit. Yet, several preclinical and clinical trials have revealed promising results and are paving the way for medical breakthroughs. This study reviews and discusses the recent preclinical development and clinical trials in this field.This article is categorized under:Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based StructuresNanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Choices: Future Trade-Offs and Plausible Pathways
Authors: Lázár Attila N. , Hanson Susan E. , Nicholls Robert J. , Allan Andrew , Hutton Craig W. , Salehin Mashfiqus , Kebede Abiy S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolicy development and management of deltas in the Anthropocene involves the consideration of trade-offs and the balancing of positive and negative consequences for delta functions and the societies that rely on them. This assessment outlines policy-driven and spatial trade-offs that dominate the landscape of choice. It highlights examples of such trade-offs using plausible delta futures and the governance choices associated with them. The analysis is based on modelling broad-scale processes and individual adaptive actions. It highlights how policy choices to maximise economic growth can, for example, have unforeseen consequences such as diminished well-being for some populations. Hence the chapter concludes that trade-offs are a crucial governance challenge for future sustainability of deltas.
The Volta Delta, Ghana: Challenges in an African Setting
Authors: Codjoe Samuel Nii Ardey , Appeaning Addo Kwasi , Addoquaye Tagoe Cynthia , Nyarko Benjamin Kofi , Martey Francisca , Nelson Winfred A. , Jayson-Quashigah Philip-Neri , Atiglo D. Yaw , Adjei Prince Osei-Wusu , Anderson Kirk , Mensah Adelina , Ofori-Danson Patrick K. , Amisigo Barnabas Akurigo , Ayamga Jennifer , Ekow Asmah Emmanuel , Asenso Joseph Kwadwo , Owusu Gertrude , Quaye Ruth Maku , Abu Mumuni 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Volta Delta has fragile biophysical features affected by damming the Volta River and sand mining among other anthropogenic activities. The disrupted ecosystem adversely impacts livelihoods although efforts have been employed to reduce these impacts including both infrastructure and policies. This chapter describes the biophysical and socio-ecological evolution of the delta using data and information from sources including surveys, censuses and stakeholder engagements. It focuses on the interactions between biophysical processes and human activities. It further describes adaptation practices, migration and resettlement in response to these changes. Finally, the chapter explains governance and response to environmental challenges. Though no explicit delta policy exists, national policies and international treaties are gradually replacing customary laws and taboos to help manage and protect environmental resources in the delta.
Fluvial Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-Level Rise
Authors: Darby Stephen E. , Appeaning Addo Kwasi , Hazra Sugata , Rahman Md. Munsur , Nicholls Robert J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe world’s deltas are facing a sustainability crisis, with many at high risk of being ‘drowned’ as a result of relative sea-level rise. The only factor that can potentially offset relative sea-level rise is the deposition of fluvial sediment on the surface of deltas. As a result, an understanding of trends in fluvial sediment supply to deltas is critical for understanding the potential of different deltas to adapt to the threat of drowning. Here trends of sediment supply to three of the world’s deltas (the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mahanadi and Volta) are considered and the prospects for the future of these and other deltas discussed, focusing on how human activity can be modified to promote a more sustainable future for at-risk deltas.