bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering a Role for the Dorsal Hippocampal Commissure in Recognition Memory
Authors: Postans M , Parker G D , Lundell H , Ptito M , Hamandi K , Gray W P , Aggleton J P , Dyrby T B , Jones D K , Winter M 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe dorsal hippocampal commissure (DHC) is a white matter tract that provides interhemispheric connections between temporal lobe brain regions. Despite the importance of these regions for learning and memory, there is scant evidence of a role for the DHC in successful memory performance. We used diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and white matter tractography to reconstruct the DHC in both humans (in vivo) and nonhuman primates (ex vivo). Across species, our findings demonstrate a close consistency between the known anatomy and tract reconstructions of the DHC. Anterograde tract-tracer techniques also highlighted the parahippocampal origins of DHC fibers in nonhuman primates. Finally, we derived diffusion tensor MRI metrics from the DHC in a large sample of human subjects to investigate whether interindividual variation in DHC microstructure is predictive of memory performance. The mean diffusivity of the DHC correlated with performance in a standardized recognition memory task, an effect that was not reproduced in a comparison commissure tract—the anterior commissure. These findings highlight a potential role for the DHC in recognition memory, and our tract reconstruction approach has the potential to generate further novel insights into the role of this previously understudied white matter tract in both health and disease.
Prediction of complications after paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Zeng Xian , An Jiye , Lin Ru , Dong Cong , Zheng Aiyu , Li Jianhua , Duan Huilong , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our objectives were to identify the risk factors for postoperative complications after paediatric cardiac surgery, develop a tool for predicting postoperative complications and compare it with other risk adjustment tools of congenital heart disease.

METHODS
A total of 2308 paediatric patients who had undergone cardiac surgeries with cardiopulmonary bypass support in a single centre were included in this study. A univariate analysis was performed to determine the association between perioperative variables and postoperative complications. Statistically significant variables were integrated into a synthetic minority oversampling technique-based XGBoost model which is an implementation of gradient boosted decision trees designed for speed and performance. The 7 traditional risk assessment tools used to generate the logistic regression model as the benchmark in the evaluation included the Aristotle Basic score and category, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS-1), Society of Thoracic Surgeons–European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STS-EACTS) mortality score and category and STS morbidity score and category.

RESULTS
Our XGBoost prediction model showed the best prediction performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.82) when compared with these risk adjustment models. However, all of these models exhibited a relatively lower sensitivity due to imbalanced classes. The sensitivity of our optimization approach (synthetic minority oversampling technique-based XGBoost) was 0.74, which was significantly higher than the average sensitivity of the traditional models of 0.26. Furthermore, the postoperative length of hospital stay, length of cardiac intensive care unit stay and length of mechanical ventilation duration were significantly increased for patients who experienced postoperative complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative complications of paediatric cardiac surgery can be predicted based on perioperative data using our synthetic minority oversampling technique-based XGBoost model before deleterious outcomes ensue.
Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model for major adverse cardiovascular events after early stage breast cancer: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Abdel-Qadir Husam , Thavendiranathan Paaladinesh , Austin Peter C , Lee Douglas S , Amir Eitan , Tu Jack V , Fung Kinwah , Anderson Geoffrey M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Develop a score to predict the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after early stage breast cancer (EBC) to facilitate personalized decision-making about potentially cardiotoxic treatments and interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk.

Methods and results
Using administrative databases, we assembled a cohort of women diagnosed with EBC in Ontario between 2003 and 2014, with follow-up through 2015. Two-thirds of the cohort were used for risk score derivation; the remainder were reserved for its validation. The outcome was a composite of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, transient ischaemic attack, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure (HF), or cardiovascular death. We developed the score by regressing MACE incidence against candidate predictors in the derivation sample using a Fine–Gray model. Discrimination was assessed in the validation sample using Wolber’s c-index for prognostic models with competing risks, while calibration was assessed by comparing predicted and observed MACE incidence. The risk score was derived in 60 294 women and validated in 29 810 women. Age, hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, HF, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease were significantly associated with MACE incidence and incorporated into the score. Ten-year MACE incidence was &gt;40-fold higher for patients in the highest score decile compared to the lowest. The c-index was 81.9% (95% confidence interval 80.9–82.9%) at 5 years and 79.8% (78.8–80.8%) at 10 years in the validation cohort, with good agreement between predicted and observed MACE incidence.

Conclusion
Cardiovascular prognosis after EBC can be estimated using patients’ pre-treatment characteristics.
Full-waveform matching of VP and VS models from surface waves
Authors: Khosro Anjom Farbod , Teodor Daniela , Comina Cesare , Brossier Romain , Virieux Jean , Socco Laura Valentina 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThe analysis of surface wave dispersion curves (DCs) is widely used for near-surface S-wave velocity (VS) reconstruction. However, a comprehensive characterization of the near-surface requires also the estimation of P-wave velocity (VP). We focus on the estimation of both VS and VP models from surface waves using a direct data transform approach. We estimate a relationship between the wavelength of the fundamental mode of surface waves and the investigation depth and we use it to directly transform the DCs into VS and VP models in laterally varying sites. We apply the workflow to a real data set acquired on a known test site. The accuracy of such reconstruction is validated by a waveform comparison between field data and synthetic data obtained by performing elastic numerical simulations on the estimated VP and VS models. The uncertainties on the estimated velocity models are also computed.
Physical-activity trajectories during childhood and lung function at 15 years: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Roda Célina , Mahmoud Osama , Peralta Gabriela P , Fuertes Elaine , Granell Raquel , Serra Ignasi , Henderson John , Jarvis Deborah , Garcia-Aymerich Judith 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Although physical activity has many known health benefits, its association with lung function in childhood/adolescence remains unclear. We examined the association of physical-activity trajectories between 11 and 15 years with lung function at 15 years in 2266 adolescents.

Methods
A population-based cohort of 14 305 singleton births alive at 1 year was recruited in the UK population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Physical activity (counts/minute and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) was assessed for 7 days using an accelerometer at 11, 13 and 15 years. We identified sex-specific physical-activity trajectories applying K-means for longitudinal data in children with at least two accelerometer measurements (n = 3584). We then estimated the sex-specific associations of these trajectories with post-bronchodilation lung-function parameters using multivariable linear-regression models (n = 2266, 45% boys).

Results
Fewer than 7% of participants met the WHO physical-activity recommendations (i.e. daily average of at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity). Boys were substantially more active than girls. In both sexes, we identified three distinct physical-activity trajectories (‘low’: 39.8% boys, 45.8% girls; ‘moderate’: 42.9% boys, 41.4% girls; and ‘high’ physical activity: 17.3% boys, 12.8% girls). Girls in the moderate and high physical-activity trajectories had 0.11 L [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.19] and 0.15 L (95% CI: 0.03–0.26) higher forced vital capacity than their less-active peers. No association was observed in boys.

Conclusions
Higher childhood physical activity relates to higher lung-function levels in adolescent girls. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association should be pursued.
Uniqueness of director configuration states for liquid crystals in the case of weak anchoring
Authors: Greco Carlo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In a thin layer of liquid crystal the configuration of the director field depends on the interaction between the elastic properties of the material, the thickness $d$ of the layer, the boundary conditions and the external fields that may have been applied. Suitable combinations of these factors can give rise to distorted configurations (Freedericksz transitions). In this paper we assume the Oseen-Frank model for the energy and that the director field depends only on the direction orthogonal to the layer; we assume also weak anchoring conditions at the two bounding surfaces, and we mainly study the problem of uniqueness of such distorted configurations. More precisely, we first consider the nematic case in the presence of a magnetic field $\mathbf H$, and we prove the uniqueness of the stable configuration provided the magnitude of $\mathbf H$ is between two critical thresholds, simplifying some results already known in the literature, and calculating explicitly the critical thresholds. Then we study the case of a cholesteric liquid crystal without external field. In this case the director field tends to form a right-angle helicoid around a twist axis orthogonal to the layer, and we have distorted configurations (namely oblique helicoid) for suitable value of $d$. Also in this case, with suitable restrictions on the elastic constants in the Oseen-Frank energy, we find two critical thresholds for $d$, and we prove the existence of only one stable director configuration if $d$ is between them.
Face and content validity of a prospective multidimensional performance instrument for service delivery in district health systems in low-income countries: a Delphi study
Authors: Yesuf Elias Ali , Grill Eva , Fröschl Günter , Haile-Mariam Damen , Koller Daniela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Valid performance indicators help to track and improve health services. The aim of this study was to test the face and content validity of a set of performance indicators for service delivery in district health systems of low-income countries.

Methods
A Delphi method with three stages was used. A panel of experts voted (yes vs no) on the face value of performance indicators. Agreement on the inclusion of indicators was a score of &gt;75% and ≥50% during stages one and two, respectively. During stage three, indicators with a mean score of ≥3.8 on a five-point scale were included. The panel also rated the content validity of the overall set of indicators.

Results
The panel agreed on the face value of 59 out of 238 performance indicators. Agreement on the content validity of the set of indicators reached 100%. Most of the retained indicators were related to the capacity of health facilities, the quality of maternal and child health services and HIV care and treatment.

Conclusions
Policymakers in low-income countries could use a set of performance indicators with modest face and high content validity, and mainly aspects of capacity and quality to improve health service delivery in districts.
Liquid Dermal Scaffold With Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Tissue Quality in a Murine Model of Impaired Wound Healing
Authors: Forbes Diana , Russ Breshell , Kilani Ruhangiz , Ghahary Aziz , Jalili Reza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWound repair and regeneration is a multidisciplinary field of research with considerable potential value to the management of deep and large burn injuries. These injuries lack an appropriate tissue scaffold and pro-healing cells making them difficult to heal. An alternative to the often limited autologous skin is a therapy that would restore the essential matrix and cellular components for rapid healing. In this study, they use a novel liquid dermal scaffold capable of gelation in vivo to show that it is biocompatible with adipose-derived stem cells. Using a validated method of wound splinting in a delayed-healing murine model, we show that wounds treated with the scaffold and stem cells had a significant reduction in wound size and had accelerated healing compared with control. The wounds treated with stem cells had increased capillary formation, collagen content, epidermal thickness, and essential growth factor expression in the healed tissue compared with control and liquid scaffold alone. This liquid dermal scaffold combined with cells is a feasible treatment strategy for complex or large burn wounds that are otherwise lacking the appropriate cellular matrix necessary for healing.
Factors Influencing Damage by the Portuguese Millipede, Ommatoiulus moreleti (Julida: Julidae), to Crop Seedlings
Authors: Douglas Josh , Hoffmann Ary , Umina Paul , Macfadyen Sarina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn different parts of the world, the increasing agricultural practice of retaining crop stubble in fields across seasons has led to population increases of soil-dwelling arthropods, primarily detritivorous species. These species typically play a beneficial role in the ecosystem, but some, including the Portuguese millipede (Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas)) can be sporadic pests. To assist in better understanding of pest risk, this study examines why O. moreleti feeds on crop seedlings. For lupin, seedling susceptibility appears to be related to plant properties, with greatly different levels of damage caused to the two cultivated species (Lupinus angustinus and Lupinus albus) and particularly between cultivated and wild-type L. angustinus seedlings. Millipedes feeding on lupin (cultivated L. angustinus), but not lucerne (Medicago sativa), gained a similar amount of weight to those feeding on other foods known to be readily consumed. The life-stage and sex of O. moreleti was found to be related to seedling damage. The presence of crop stubbles (as alternate food sources) did not limit the damage O. moreleti caused to lupin, suggesting that the presence of stubble in a field situation may not preclude feeding on crop seedlings. We discuss how results from these controlled environment trials can build a basis for understanding variable crop damage by O. moreleti in the field.
Innovative use of mesh bolster for adult Morgagni hernia repair
Authors: Azar Nabiel , Azar Robert , Robertson Katie , Gupta Priya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMorgagni hernia is a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia caused by lack of fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane anteriorly leading to a defect in the foramen of Morgagni. These are rare hernias and typically present early in life. Those that do not get repaired during infancy or adolescence often present later in life with variable symptoms including obstruction, incarceration, strangulation, pulmonary symptoms, chest pain, etc. Herein we present an adult case that was found incidentally after a screening computerized tomography (CT) chest scan was done for history of smoking. There are two unique aspects to this case: first, given the large size of her hernia, her only complaint was mild shortness of breath and second, the innovative use of mesh as a suture bolster.
Laser ablation tomography for visualization of root colonization by edaphic organisms
Authors: Strock Christopher F , Schneider Hannah M , Galindo-Castañeda Tania , Hall Benjamin T , Van Gansbeke Bart , Mather Diane E , Roth Mitchell G , Chilvers Martin I , Guo Xiangrong , Brown Kathleen , Lynch Jonathan P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil biota have important effects on crop productivity, but can be difficult to study in situ. Laser ablation tomography (LAT) is a novel method that allows for rapid, three-dimensional quantitative and qualitative analysis of root anatomy, providing new opportunities to investigate interactions between roots and edaphic organisms. LAT was used for analysis of maize roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, maize roots herbivorized by western corn rootworm, barley roots parasitized by cereal cyst nematode, and common bean roots damaged by Fusarium. UV excitation of root tissues affected by edaphic organisms resulted in differential autofluorescence emission, facilitating the classification of tissues and anatomical features. Samples were spatially resolved in three dimensions, enabling quantification of the volume and distribution of fungal colonization, western corn rootworm damage, nematode feeding sites, tissue compromised by Fusarium, and as well as root anatomical phenotypes. Owing to its capability for high-throughput sample imaging, LAT serves as an excellent tool to conduct large, quantitative screens to characterize genetic control of root anatomy and interactions with edaphic organisms. Additionally, this technology improves interpretation of root–organism interactions in relatively large, opaque root segments, providing opportunities for novel research investigating the effects of root anatomical phenes on associations with edaphic organisms.
Arabidopsis IPGA1 is a microtubule-associated protein essential for cell expansion during petal morphogenesis
Authors: Yang Yanqiu , Chen Binqinq , Dang Xie , Zhu Lilan , Rao Jinqiu , Ren Huibo , Lin Chentao , Qin Yuan , Lin Deshu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnlike animal cells, plant cells do not possess centrosomes that serve as microtubule organizing centers; how microtubule arrays are organized throughout plant morphogenesis remains poorly understood. We report here that Arabidopsis INCREASED PETAL GROWTH ANISOTROPY 1 (IPGA1), a previously uncharacterized microtubule-associated protein, regulates petal growth and shape by affecting cortical microtubule organization. Through a genetic screen, we showed that IPGA1 loss-of-function mutants displayed a phenotype of longer and narrower petals, as well as increased anisotropic cell expansion of the petal epidermis in the late phases of flower development. Map-based cloning studies revealed that IPGA1 encodes a previously uncharacterized protein that colocalizes with and directly binds to microtubules. IPGA1 plays a negative role in the organization of cortical microtubules into parallel arrays oriented perpendicular to the axis of cell elongation, with the ipga1-1 mutant displaying increased microtubule ordering in petal abaxial epidermal cells. The IPGA1 family is conserved among land plants and its homologs may have evolved to regulate microtubule organization. Taken together, our findings identify IPGA1 as a novel microtubule-associated protein and provide significant insights into IPGA1-mediated microtubule organization and petal growth anisotropy.
Nitric oxide in plant–fungal interactions
Authors: Martínez-Medina Ainhoa , Pescador Leyre , Terrón-Camero Laura C , Pozo María J , Romero-Puertas María C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Whilst many interactions with fungi are detrimental for plants, others are beneficial and result in improved growth and stress tolerance. Thus, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to restrict pathogenic interactions while promoting mutualistic relationships. Numerous studies have demonstrated the importance of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of plant defence against fungal pathogens. NO triggers a reprograming of defence-related gene expression, the production of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties, and the hypersensitive response. More recent studies have shown a regulatory role of NO during the establishment of plant–fungal mutualistic associations from the early stages of the interaction. Indeed, NO has been recently shown to be produced by the plant after the recognition of root fungal symbionts, and to be required for the optimal control of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Although studies dealing with the function of NO in plant–fungal mutualistic associations are still scarce, experimental data indicate that different regulation patterns and functions for NO exist between plant interactions with pathogenic and mutualistic fungi. Here, we review recent progress in determining the functions of NO in plant–fungal interactions, and try to identify common and differential patterns related to pathogenic and mutualistic associations, and their impacts on plant health.
Formation of ultra-diffuse galaxies in the field and in galaxy groups
Authors: Jiang Fangzhou , Dekel Avishai , Freundlich Jonathan , Romanowsky Aaron J , Dutton Aaron A , Macciò Andrea V , Di Cintio Arianna 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
We study ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in zoom in cosmological simulations, seeking the origin of UDGs in the field versus galaxy groups. We find that while field UDGs arise from dwarfs in a characteristic mass range by multiple episodes of supernova feedback (Di Cintio et al.), group UDGs may also form by tidal puffing up and they become quiescent by ram-pressure stripping. The field and group UDGs share similar properties, independent of distance from the group centre. Their dark-matter haloes have ordinary spin parameters and centrally dominant dark-matter cores. Their stellar components tend to have a prolate shape with a Sérsic index n ∼ 1 but no significant rotation. Ram pressure removes the gas from the group UDGs when they are at pericentre, quenching star formation in them and making them redder. This generates a colour/star-formation-rate gradient with distance from the centre of the dense environment, as observed in clusters. We find that ∼20 per cent of the field UDGs that fall into a massive halo survive as satellite UDGs. In addition, normal field dwarfs on highly eccentric orbits can become UDGs near pericentre due to tidal puffing up, contributing about half of the group-UDG population. We interpret our findings using simple toy models, showing that gas stripping is mostly due to ram pressure rather than tides. We estimate that the energy deposited by tides in the bound component of a satellite over one orbit can cause significant puffing up provided that the orbit is sufficiently eccentric. We caution that while the simulations produce UDGs that match the observations, they under-produce the more compact dwarfs in the same mass range, possibly because of the high threshold for star formation or the strong feedback.