bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job Satisfaction Measurement in the Public and Private Sectors: The Case of Erbil in North Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Hazhar Bahram 
Published: April 2018

This paper is focused on an overview of Job satisfaction Measurement in both the Public and Private Sectors, most specifically in Erbil, the North of Iraq. The private sector is making huge progress in its recruitment policies to get the right people hired and give them better working conditions. This has relatively increased job performance in the private sector. Although there has been an economic slowdown in Iraq caused by political crisis, the level of job satisfaction in the private sector has increased followed by an increase in job performance in the private sector. The private sector in North of Iraq is profitable, making financial gains and great investment and the government of North of Iraq have high expectations that in the years to come, investment in the private sector will yield more profits and enormously contribute to booming the economy of North of Iraq. The private sector continues making the workplaces more comfortable to push up job satisfaction and job performance from below and the government of North of Iraq is eager to make the investment environment in North of Iraq more conducive.
The most important people in every company are the employees. They are important because they play the important roles in given the company a good shape and helping the company to maintain its shape. This means that management of companies has the express duty to keep employees working on their job and even to influence the employees in many ways to remain with the company. If management succeeds to keep employees steadily on the job, it means that employees have been greatly satisfied. To be a satisfied employee, shows that a company’s policies and practices on satisfaction are well upheld. This mean that job satisfaction which is a widely used concept in the process of company’s management and operation is well handled. Job satisfaction element can be well handled but the degree to which it is handled matters more and this greatly determines the retention of every employee. If the degree of handling job satisfaction is high, this will obviously attract and keep employees on the job. But if the degree is low, employees will tend to leave the job. This explains why in measuring job satisfaction, companies should strive to achieve high degree of job satisfaction.
BASIC INGREDIENTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS DURING THE FORMATION OF BEER QUALITY
Authors: Penkina N. , Tatar L. , Оdаrchеnco А. , Demchenko V. 
Published: April 2018

The analysis and comparative description are carried out of varieties of brewing barley light malt and type 90 hops from domestic and foreign producers, as the main plant raw material that forms the quality of beer. The quality indexes of malt samples and hop pellets have been tested for compliance with applicable standards.The obtained results indicate that the varieties of barley malt are homogeneous grain mass, do not contain moldy and damaged grains, weed impurities, have a color from light yellow to gray to yellow. Ten samples of malt of various grades for beer production have been studied in terms of mass fraction of moisture (3.2–3.7%), mass fraction of extract in dry matter of fine malt (82.4–87.5%), degree (0 9–1.2%), the mass fraction of protein substances in dry matter of malt (9.1–10.1%), the Kolbach index (39.1–40.2%), the amount of nitrogenous substances (0.70–0, 74%). It has been established that the quantitative content of β-glucans significantly differs in different varieties: the minimum amount is contained in the malt Château Wien, the maximum is Pilsner Weyermann and Munich.According to the research results, it has been established that barley malt varieties have a pronounced malt aroma and sufficient fermentative activity and can serve as the base in the mash in the production of beer. It is proved that malt samples have an acceptable amount of toxic substances and radionuclides that will not affect the quality of the finished product. In assessing the quality of varieties of hop pellets by organoleptic indicators, the mass fraction of moisture and α-acids, it is established that the samples have the values of the indicators within the permissible limits. The samples have a cylindrical shape of different hues and approximately the same size; pure hop aroma, without an off-aroma; the color on the surface and at the boundary of the pellets meets the requirements of the standard. The mass fraction of α-acids is in the range from 3.0 to 12.7 %. It is revealed that bitter and aromatic hops are used for pellet production. The samples Magnym and Hallertau Perle are classified as bitter varieties. Hop pellets of the varieties Premiant and Sladek are bitter and aromatic.According to the results of the determination of quality indicators, the following ones have been identified as the best: malt – Munich, Pilsner, Carabohemian, hop pellets – Bramling Cross, Mandarina Bavaria and Magnym. The proposed varieties of malt and hops allow obtaining beer with high organoleptic characteristics, colloidal stability and expand the range of the industry by creating new varieties to meet the needs of the consumer.
Analysis of Methyldopa Therapy on sFlt-1 Antiangiogenic Levels in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Herwati Teri Wina , Yulistiani Yulistiani , M Eddy Zarkaty 
Published: April 2018

Methyldopa is the first-line drugs to treat hypertension in pregnancy. It can decrease blood pressure in preeclampsia by affecting a2-adrenoreceptors in central nervous system. However, it could also act by decreasing production of sFlt-1 antiangiogenic protein levels involved in the pathophysiology of hypertention in preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to analyze methyldopa therapy on sFlt-1 antiangiogenic levels in the plasma of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia at the Obstetric Departement, Haji Hospital, Surabaya. This was a prospective study with observational cross-section study design. The sFlt-1 angiogenic levels were observed before and after (48 hours) methyldopa administration in severe preeclampsia patient with or without complications in the period of August to October 2016. Patient received methyldopa 250 mg or 500 mg, three times a day for clinical indications according a standard protocol. The study was approved by the ethical committee of Haji Hospital, Surabaya. There were 19 patients with preeclampsia who met the inclusion criteria, showed a decrease in the levels of sFlt-1 before and 48 hours after methyldopa therapy. Levels of sFlt-1 before methyldopa therapy in a dose of 250 mg was 10.15±10.00 (2.55-34.70) ng/ml and after therapy 8,37±9,20 (0.72-9.20) ng/ml, with a percentage decrease 17.54%. sFlt-1 levels before methyldopa therapy in a dose of 500 mg was 8.05±7.07 (2.55-20.76) ng/ml, after therapy 4.50±2.90 (2.19-9.95) ng/ml, with a percentage decrease 44.16%. Methyldopa therapy could decrease sFlt-1 levels of antiangiogenic factor in patients with severe preeclampsia.
Patients at the Highest Risk for Reherniation Following Lumbar Discectomy in a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martens Frederic , Vajkoczy Peter , Jadik Senol , Hegewald Aldemar , Stieber Jonathan , Hes Robert 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The purposes of the present study were to (1) confirm the risk of recurrent lumbar disc herniation in patients with a large anular defect who had undergone limited discectomy and (2) assess potential risk factors within this population.

Methods:
The patient population was extracted from the control cohort of a prospective, randomized, multicenter controlled trial investigating the efficacy of an anular closure device following standard limited discectomy. All control patients underwent limited discectomy for the treatment of a single-level symptomatic posterior or posterolateral lumbar disc herniation. Only patients presenting with a large anular defect (6 to 10 mm wide by 4 to 6 mm long) were included in the study (n = 278). Baseline demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics were recorded. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Imaging modalities included magnetic resonance imaging, low-dose computed tomography, and radiographs. Symptomatic recurrent lumbar disc herniation was defined as any symptomatic postoperative herniation on either side of the index level. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of demographic and surgical variables associated with the incidence of recurrent lumbar disc herniation was performed.

Results:
The mean anular defect area (and standard deviation) was 39.3 ± 9.1 mm2, and the mean excised nuclear tissue volume was 1.3 ± 0.8 mL. At 2 years, the incidence of symptomatic recurrent lumbar disc herniation was 25.3% (64 of 253), with the herniation occurring at a mean of 264 days after the index procedure. Of the 64 patients with recurrent lumbar disc herniation, 36 underwent a subsequent surgical procedure. Logistic regression analysis identified an increased risk for recurrent lumbar disc herniation in females (odds ratio, 2.2) and in patients with greater anular defect widths (odds ratio, 1.3). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between age and sex (p = 0.005).

Conclusions:
The outcomes of the present study provide the most substantial evidence to date in confirming previous reports of a high risk of reherniation among patients with large anular defects. Among those with large anular defects (width, ≥6 mm), females ≤50 years of age had the highest risk (up to ∼10 times higher) of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. It is recommended that an anular repair or closure should be performed after limited discectomies in patients with large anular defects.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Forecasting failure rate of water pipes
Authors: Kutyłowska M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the results of failure rate prediction by means of support vector machines (SVM) – a non-parametric regression method. A hyperplane is used to divide the whole area in such a way that objects of different affiliation are separated from one another. The number of support vectors determines the complexity of the relations between dependent and independent variables. The calculations were performed using Statistical 12.0. Operational data for one selected zone of the water supply system for the period 2008–2014 were used for forecasting. The whole data set (in which data on distribution pipes were distinguished from those on house connections) for the years 2008–2014 was randomly divided into two subsets: a training subset – 75% (5 years) and a testing subset – 25% (2 years). Dependent variables (λr for the distribution pipes and λp for the house connections) were forecast using independent variables (the total length – Lr and Lp and number of failures – Nr and Np of the distribution pipes and the house connections, respectively). Four kinds of kernel functions (linear, polynomial, sigmoidal and radial basis functions) were applied. The SVM model based on the linear kernel function was found to be optimal for predicting the failure rate of each kind of water conduit. This model's maximum relative error of predicting failure rates λr and λp during the testing stage amounted to about 4% and 14%, respectively. The average experimental failure rates in the whole analysed period amounted to 0.18, 0.44, 0.17 and 0.24 fail./(km·year) for the distribution pipes, the house connections and the distribution pipes made of respectively PVC and cast iron.
A Computational Approach to Identify Novel Potential Precursor miRNAs and their Targets from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Jeyaram Chitra , Philip Manuel , Perumal Rajadurai Chinnasamy , Benny Jubina , Jayakumari Jayasankar Madusoodhanan , Ramasamy Maniramakrishnan Santhana 
Published: April 2018

Background:Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology allow highthroughput RNA-Sequencing to be widely applied in studying coding and non-coding RNA profiling in cells. RNA-Seq data usually contains functional transcriptomic and other small and larger non-coding (nc) RNA sequences. </P><P> Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a small nc-RNA act as epigenetic markers and the expression of their target genes and pathways that regulate Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), a primary malignancy of the liver. The unreported potential novel miRNAs targeting HCC pathways can be identified from the sequenced data.Methods:In this study, we performed a computational identification of novel putative miRNAs and their targets from publicly available high-throughput sequencing Fastq data of human HCC cells HepG2, NorHep and SKHep1, retrieved from NCBI-SRA.Results:Totally, 572 unique known precursor miRNAs and 1062 unique novel miRNAs were identified from HepG2, Nor and SKHep1 HCC cell lines. Interestingly, 140 novel miRNAs were predicted to be extensively involved in targeting genes of HCC related pathways such as apoptosis, cell signaling, cell division, cell-cycle arrest, GPCR, MAPK cascade, TOR signaling, TNFSF11 signaling and liver development.Conclusion:The predicted novel miRNAs reported in the paper might have a vital role in regulating the molecular mechanism of HCC and thus, further studies on these miRNAs will provide significant clues for researchers into the complex biological process of liver cancer.
Mining Gene Expression Profile with Missing Values: An Integration of Kernel PCA and Robust Singular Values Decomposition
Authors: Islam Md. Saimul , Hoque Md. Aminul , Islam Md. Sahidul , Ali Mohammad , Hossen Md. Bipul , Binyamin Md. , Merican Amir Feisal , Akazawa Kohei , Kumar Nishith , Sugimoto Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Gene expression profiling and transcriptomics provide valuable information
about the role of genes that are differentially expressed between two or more samples. It is always
important and challenging to analyse High-throughput DNA microarray data with a number of missing
values under various experimental conditions.
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Objectives: Graphical data visualizations of the expression of all genes in a particular cell provide
holistic views of gene expression patterns, which improve our understanding of cellular systems under
normal and pathological conditions. However, current visualization methods are sensitive to missing
values, which are frequently observed in microarray-based gene expression profiling, potentially
affecting the subsequent statistical analyses.

Methods:
We addressed in this study the problem of missing values with respect to different imputation
methods using gene expression biplot (GE biplot), one of the most popular gene visualization
techniques. The effects of missing values for mining differentially expressed genes in gene expression
data were evaluated using four well-known imputation methods: Robust Singular Value Decomposition
(Robust SVD), Column Average (CA), Column Median (CM), and K-nearest Neighbors (KNN).
Frobenius norm and absolute distances were used to measure the accuracy of the methods.

Results:
Three numerical experiments were performed using simulated data (i) and publicly available colon
cancer (ii) and leukemia data (iii) to analyze the performance of each method. The results showed that CM and
KNN performed better than Robust SVD and CA for identifying the index gene profile in the biplot
visualization in both the simulation study and the colon cancer and leukemia microarray datasets.

Conclusion:
The impact of missing values on the GE biplot was smaller when the data matrix was
imputed by KNN than by CM. This study concluded that KNN performed satisfactorily in generating a
GE biplot in the presence of missing values in microarray data.
Efek Seduhan Kopi Robusta terhadap Profil Lipid Darah dan Berat Badan Tikus yang Diinduksi Diet Tinggi Lemak
Authors: Fatimatuzzahro Nadie , Prasetya Rendra Chriestedy 
Published: April 2018

Dislipidemia yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan Low Density Lipoproteinemia (Hyper-LDL) serta rendahnya kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) termasuk salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya aterosklerosis. Asam klorogenat yang terkandung dalam kopi dapat mencegah penyerapan kolesterol di usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap profil lipid darah dan berat badan tikus yang diberi diet tinggi lemak. Lima belas ekor tikus wistar jantan digunakan pada penelitian ini yang dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu kelompok kontrol (diet standar), hiperlipid (diet tinggi lemak) dan kopi (diet tinggi lemak dan seduhan kopi 3,6ml/hari). Diet tinggi lemak yang diberikan terdiri dari minyak babi dan kuning telur bebek. Pengukuran kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, berat badan, LDL dan HDL dilakukan setelah 4 minggu perlakuan. Hasil uji ANOVA dan LSD menunjukkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL dan HDL pada kelompok kopi berbeda signifikanÂ dengan kelompok hiperlipid hingga sama dengan kondisi normal (kelompok kontrol). Uji ANOVA dan LSD juga membuktikan bahwa berat badan tikus yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak juga menurun hingga sama dengan kondisi normal pada pemberian seduhan kopi. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pemberian seduhan kopi dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL, meningkatkan kadar HDL dan menurunkan berat badan.
Hubungan antara Kadar 25(OH)D3 dan C-Peptida Berdasarkan Lama Sakit pada Anak dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 1
Authors: Suryanto Tjahyo , Tjahjono Harjoedi Adji 
Published: April 2018

Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 1 menjadi masalah kesehatan di banyak negara, dengan keseluruhan peningkatan per tahun diperkirakan sebesar 3%. DM tipe 1 merupakan konsekuensi dari proses destruksi autoimun sel Î² pankreas. Ditemukan hubungan antara defisiensi vitamin D dengan DM tipe 1. Penelitian cross sectional ini dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara kadar 25(OH)D3 dan C-peptida berdasarkan lama sakit pada anak dengan DM tipe 1. Subjek penelitian adalah 26 anak dengan DMÂ tipe 1, status vitamin D pada sampel penelitian didominasi dengan status vitamin D yang tidak normal sebanyak 16 orang (61,5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar 25(OH)D3 yang lebih rendah pada kelompok dengan lama sakit â‰¤ 5 tahun dan secara statistik tidak didapatkan perbedaan kadar 25(OH)D3 yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,403). Didapatkan kadar C-peptida yang lebih tinggi pada kelompok dengan lama sakit â‰¤ 5 tahun dan secara statistik tidak didapatkan perbedaan kadar C-peptida yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok (p=0,137). Hubungan yang tidak signifikan didapatkan antara kadar vitamin D dan kadar C-peptida pada anak DM tipe 1, dengan keeratan hubungan yang lemah dan dengan korelasi bernilai positif (p=0,069; r=0,363). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada anak dengan DM tipe 1 didapatkan kadar 25(OH)D3 dan kadar C-peptida yang rendah. Semakin lama anak menderita DM tipe 1 dan tidak mendapatkan terapi yang adekuat, maka akan semakin rendah kadar 25(OH)D3 dan kadar C-peptida.
Reinterpretasi Filosofis Mitos Seputar Kehamilan dalam Masyarakat Jawa di Surakarta: Dari Imajinatif Kreatif Menuju Filosofis yang Dinamis
Authors: Irmawati Waryunah 
Published: April 2018

The issue is a matter of trust myths contained in the community, which can be thought although not an outcome logic, but not forever the myth of no benefit in people's lives. Myth in view of the philosophical meaning that is both ethics and eistetics. With the understanding of the philosophical community is expected not easily blame others, by giving criticism that it does not need to believe in the myth because it would be detrimental to humans. The approach taken in this research is descriptive qualitative field research. The results of this study indicate that the myths surrounding pregnancy are believed by the public basically has values that can be used in public life who believe in it. Ethics, there is value obedience,Â kindness to health, caution, alert,Â polite and hard-working teachings. While the aesthetic dimension is a subjective aesthetic, in whichÂ balancing theory with characteristic feature has a value of unity, the value of complexity, and the value of seriousness, which is visible in color, words and shapes
Competencias y aprendizajes del docente: Un reto de la globalización
Authors: Moreno Hernández María Elena , Rivera Hernández Jacob Enrique , Rivera Moreno Tania Elena 
Published: April 2018

El estudio analiza las competencias gerenciales, desde la perspectiva de la formación necesaria como fundamento para un desempeño autónomo, de autorrealización personal, para promover las competencias requeridas para abordar de manera pertinente el hecho educativo. La metodología fue descriptiva, documental-bibliográfica, destacando los principios curriculares de visión integral, diversidad humana, globalización, aprendizaje significativo, en armonía con la pertinencia de educar en un contexto diverso y cambiante. Se concluyó la relevancia de concebir al docente como mediador del proceso para el desarrollo humano, creativo, inventivo y descubridor. El docente debe ser un reflejo y más que maestro un continuo estudioso, presto a captar y comprender la percepción de la realidad desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes para así poder guiar y ser partícipe de su desarrollo humano, social, académico y espiritual. Para finalizar, las instituciones educativas, deben considerar como necesario desarrollar la aptitud natural de la inteligencia humana para ubicar todas sus informaciones en un contexto y en un conjunto, es decir, producir conocimiento pertinente. Asimismo, propiciar la comprensión, como medio y fin de la comunicación humana.
Responsabilidad del Estado derivada de la falta o falla en la protección del espacio público
Authors: Mejía Turizo Jorge , Ropain Salas Rina 
Published: April 2018

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como propositivo axial establecer ciertos presupuestos de imputación que permitan la configuración de un nexo de causalidad entre la omisión estatal y un daño derivado de la falta o falla en la protección del espacio público. Para lo cual se ha dispuesto de un diseño metodológico con un tipo de investigación jurídico – descriptivo, un método deductivo, abordado desde un enfoque cualitativo y un paradigma histórico hermenéutico.

Palabras clave:
Responsabilidad del Estado, Falla del servicio, espacio público, daño antijurídico.
Designación de rectores de las universidades públicas en Colombia. Enfoque desde la participación de los estamentos estudiantiles.
Authors: Pérez caballero Roberto 
Published: April 2018

En este artículo de investigación se pretende realizar un análisis de los sistemas actuales de designación o elección de rectores en las universidades públicas de Colombia, aspecto que se estudiará enfocado desde la perspectiva de la participación del sector estudiantil y examinado a la luz de los principios de la democracia participativa y la autonomía universitarias, como dos pilares o instituciones constitucionales, en torno a las cuales pueda desprenderse cierta suerte de tensión.Choice of rectors of public universities in Colombia. Focus from the participation of the student body.