bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fragility Index, power, strength and robustness of findings in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery: a secondary analysis of data from a study on use of the Fragility Index in sports surgery
Authors: Reito Aleksi , Raittio Lauri , Helminen Olli 
Published: May 2019

Background
A recent study concluded that most findings reported as significant in sports medicine and arthroscopic surgery are not “robust” when evaluated with the Fragility Index (FI). A secondary analysis of data from a previous study was performed to investigate (1) the correctness of the findings, (2) the association between FI, p-value and post hoc power, (3) median power to detect a medium effect size, and (4) the implementation of sample size analysis in these randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods
In addition to the 48 studies listed in the appendix accompanying the original study by Khan et al. (2017) we did a follow-up literature search and 18 additional studies were found. In total 66 studies were included in the analysis. We calculated post hoc power, p-values and confidence intervals associated with the main outcome variable. Use of a priori power analysis was recorded. The median power to detect small (h > 0.2), medium (h > 0.5), or large effect (h > 0.8) with a baseline proportion of events of 10% and 30% in each study included was calculated. Three simulation data sets were used to validate our findings.

Results
Inconsistencies were found in eight studies. A priori power analysis was missing in one-fourth of studies (16/66). The median power to detect a medium effect size with a baseline proportion of events of 10% and 30% was 42% and 43%, respectively. The FI was inherently associated with the achieved p-value and post hoc power.

Discussion
A relatively high proportion of studies had inconsistencies. The FI is a surrogate measure for p-value and post hoc power. Based on these studies, the median power in this field of research is suboptimal. There is an urgent need to investigate how well research claims in orthopedics hold in a replicated setting and the validity of research findings.
STUDI KOMPARASI LIFE CYCLE COST PADA GEDUNG APARTEMEN
Authors: Iskandar Alexander , Alifen Ratna , Budiman Januar 
Published: May 2019

Dalam mendesain suatu gedung apartemen yang ekonomis dan efisien, analisis life cycle cost dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan desain yang paling efisien selama umur pakai bangunan. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, telah didapatkan bahwa biaya energi merupakan komponen biaya terbesar dalam life cycle cost suatu gedung.
Data pada penelitian ini berasal dari manajemen pengelola gedung dan beberapa supplier produk dan peralatan yang di teliti. Analisis penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menjumlahkan biaya awal (C), biaya perawatan (M), biaya operasional (O), biaya penggantian (R) dari tiap produk dan peralatan. Sebelum dijumlahkan semua biaya dikonversikan dengan metode annual cost.
Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan metode LCC pada saat menentukan peralatan mekanikal dan elektrikal yang digunakan pada suatu gedung apartemen dapat menghasilkan penghematan pada biaya pengelolaan gedung. Selain itu penelitian ini menunjukan bahawa sumber pendanaan awal yang berasal dari pinjaman bank tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengambilan keputusan untuk pemilihan suatu produk dan peralatan yang berkaitan dengan energi

In designing an apartment building that is economical and efficient, life cycle cost analysis is needed to obtain the most efficient design for service life of the building. Based on previous studies, it has been found that the energy cost is the largest cost component in the life cycle cost of a building.
The data in this study came from the building management and from multiple suppliers of products and equipment. The analysis is done by summing the initial cost (C), the cost of maintenance (M), operating costs (O), the cost of replacement (R) of each product and equipment. Before all of the costs being added, these costs converted to annual cost method.
This study shows that the use of the LCC method when determining the mechanical and electrical equipment used in an apartment building can result in savings on the building operational cost. In addition, these studies show that the source of initial funding from bank loans does not give effect to the decision making for the selection of a product and equipment related to energy.
Plasmon Based Double‐Layer Hydrogel Device for a Highly Efficient Solar Vapor Generation
Authors: Sun Zeyu , Wang Jiajun , Wu Qinglei , Wang Zongyuan , Wang Zhao , Sun Jie , Liu Chang‐Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSolar vapor generation is a facile and an efficient way for solar energy harvesting, which is applied to address the issue of fresh water extraction from sewage or brine. Several solar vapor generation devices have been developed in the past few years, but the low evaporation rate still remains as a challenge. In this work, a novel double‐layer solar vapor generation device, named as Ag‐PSS‐AG/AG device, is reported. This device is based on the hierarchical composition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and poly (sodium‐p‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) decorated agarose gel (AG). The device reveals a synergetic effect of the two layers with high light‐harvesting and water‐transfer performance, respectively, leading to an ultrahigh vapor generation rate of 2.10 kg m−2 h−1 with a solar thermal efficiency of 92.8% under 1 sun illumination. This high evaporation rate is mainly owing to the powerful light‐thermal conversion of Ag NPs as well as the outstanding water transfer capability of agarose hydrogel. Consequently, this device can be directly used for the purification of sewage and muddy water. It is also promising for applications in separation, humidity management, and others.
Embedding RhPx in N, P Co‐Doped Carbon Nanoshells Through Synergetic Phosphorization and Pyrolysis for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chi Jing‐Qi , Zeng Xiao‐Jun , Shang Xiao , Dong Bin , Chai Yong‐Ming , Liu Chen‐Guang , Marin Melinda , Yin Yadong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRational design and controllable synthesis of well‐defined nanostructures with high stability and Pt‐like activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical for renewable energy conversion. Herein, a unique pyrolysis strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of RhPx nanoparticles (NPs) in N, P co‐doped thin carbon nanoshells (RhPx@NPC nanoshells) that display high electrocatalytic activity and stability over a wide pH range. This strategy involves simultaneous phosphorization and pyrolysis processes that can produce highly‐dispersed RhPx NPs within N, P co‐doped carbon nanoshells and at the same time induce thinning of carbon nanoshells from inside out. The resulting RhPx@NPC nanoshells not only possess Pt‐like activity for HER with low overpotentials to achieve 10 mA cm−2 (22 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4, 69 mV in 1.0 m KOH, and 38 mV in 1.0 m phosphate buffered saline (PBS)) but also provide long‐term durability in a wide pH range. The remarkable HER performance of RhPx@NPC nanoshells is ascribed to the high surface area, abundant mesoporosity, strong catalyst–support interaction, ultrathin carbon encapsulation, and N, P co‐doping. This work provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity and stability desired for reactions that may occur under harsh conditions.
UV‐Triggered Polydopamine Secondary Modification: Fast Deposition and Removal of Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Zeng Yi , Du Xin , Hou Wei , Liu Xiaojiang , Zhu Cun , Gao Bingbing , Sun Liangdong , Li Qiwei , Liao Junlong , Levkin Pavel A. , Gu Zhongze 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the first report in 2007, polydopamine (PDA) coating has shown great potential as a general and versatile method to create functional nanocoatings on arbitrary substrates. Slow kinetics and poor controllability of the coating and secondary modification processes, however, have limited the further development of this attractive method. In this work, it is demonstrated that UV irradiation at 365 nm significantly accelerates the process of secondary modification of a PDA‐coated surface. The kinetics of both thiol and amine modifications of PDA are increased 12‐fold via UV irradiation, while the kinetics of metal ion reduction at the PDA interface is increased more than 550 times. Moreover, it is demonstrated that irradiating a PDA/metal nanoparticle composite surface with UV light at 254 nm leads to dissolution of the deposited metal nanoparticles (MNPs). Finally, grayscale metallic patterns, dynamic deposition, and removal of MNPs on PDA surface are realized with the proposed method.
Small‐Molecule‐Doped Organic Crystals with Long‐Persistent Luminescence
Authors: Han Jiangli , Feng Wenhui , Muleta Desissa Yadeta , Bridgmohan Chelsea Nicole , Dang Yangyang , Xie Guohua , Zhang Haoli , Zhou Xueqin , Li Wei , Wang Lichang , Liu Dongzhi , Dang Yanfeng , Wang Tianyang , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTraditional long‐persistent luminescence (LPL) materials, which are based on inorganic systems containing rare elements and with preparation temperatures of at least 1000 °C, exhibit afterglow times of more than 10 h and can be tuned for different applications. However, the development of this field is hindered due to the large thermal energy consumption and the need for nonrenewable resources. Thus, the development of a “green” design and preparation of LPL materials is of some importance. A doped‐crystalline material based on two metal‐free organic small molecules is easily prepared through ultrasonic crystallization at room temperature. It has a high‐quality, single‐crystalline structure, and visible LPL performance with a duration of more than 6 s upon low‐energy photoexcitation. A green, flexible, and convenient screen‐printing technology for controllable pattern anticounterfeiting is then developed from this purely organic material, which improves the prospects for commercial utilization in the future.
ZnCl2 “Water‐in‐Salt” Electrolyte Transforms the Performance of Vanadium Oxide as a Zn Battery Cathode
Authors: Zhang Lu , Rodríguez‐Pérez Ismael A. , Jiang Heng , Zhang Chong , Leonard Daniel P. , Guo Qiubo , Wang Wenfeng , Han Shumin , Wang Limin , Ji Xiulei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZn batteries potentially offer the highest energy density among aqueous batteries that are inherently safe, inexpensive, and sustainable. However, most cathode materials in Zn batteries suffer from capacity fading, particularly at a low current rate. Herein, it is shown that the ZnCl2 “water‐in‐salt” electrolyte (WiSE) addresses this capacity fading problem to a large extent by facilitating unprecedented performance of a Zn battery cathode of Ca0.20V2O5∙0.80H2O. Upon increasing the concentration of aqueous ZnCl2 electrolytes from 1 m to 30 m, the capacity of Ca0.20V2O5∙0.80H2O rises from 296 mAh g−1 to 496 mAh g−1; its absolute working potential increases by 0.4 V, and most importantly, at a low current rate of 50 mA g−1, that is, C/10; its capacity retention increases from 8.4% to 51.1% over 100 cycles. Ex situ characterization results point to the formation of a new ready‐to‐dissolve phase on the electrode in the dilute electrolyte. The results demonstrate that the Zn‐based WiSE may provide the underpinning platform for the applications of Zn batteries for stationary grid‐level storage.
Efficient Delivery of Nerve Growth Factors to the Central Nervous System for Neural Regeneration
Authors: Xu Duo , Wu Di , Qin Meng , Nih Lina R. , Liu Chaoyong , Cao Zheng , Ren Jie , Chen Xiangjun , He Zhanlong , Yu Wenhai , Guan Jiaoqiong , Duan Suqin , Liu Fang , Liu Xiangsheng , Li Jesse , Harley Dushawn , Xu Bin , Hou Lihua , Chen Irvin S. Y. , Wen Jing , Chen Wei , Pourtaheri Sina , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) plays a central role in the control of sensory and motor functions, and the disruption of its barriers can result in severe and debilitating neurological disorders. Neurotrophins are promising therapeutic agents for neural regeneration in the damaged CNS. However, their penetration across the blood–brain barrier remains a formidable challenge, representing a bottleneck for brain and spinal cord therapy. Herein, a nanocapsule‐based delivery system is reported that enables intravenously injected nerve growth factor (NGF) to enter the CNS in healthy mice and nonhuman primates. Under pathological conditions, the delivery of NGF enables neural regeneration, tissue remodeling, and functional recovery in mice with spinal cord injury. This technology can be utilized to deliver other neurotrophins and growth factors to the CNS, opening a new avenue for tissue engineering and the treatment of CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of 1,6‐Enynes and Oxabenzonorbornadienes
Authors: Ni Jianxiao , Chen Jingchao , Zhou Yongyun , Wang Gaowei , Li Sida , He Zhenxiu , Sun Weiqing , Fan Baomin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions of 1,6‐enynes and oxabenzonorbornadienes was accomplished by using the complex of [Rh(COD)2]BF4 and (R)‐Xyl‐P‐Phos as chiral catalyst. A range of 1,6‐enynes and oxabenzonorbornadienes were well tolerated in the cycloaddition reaction, which afforded various polycyclic products with asymmetric quaternary carbon centers generally in excellent enantioselectivities.magnified image
A Helical Polypeptide‐Based Potassium Ionophore Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐Mediated Apoptosis by Perturbing Ion Homeostasis
Authors: Lee DaeYong , Lee Soo‐Hwan , Noh Ilkoo , Oh Eonju , Ryu Hyunil , Ha JongHoon , Jeong SeongDong , Yoo Jisang , Jeon Tae‐Joon , Yun Chae‐Ok , Kim Yeu‐Chun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerturbation of potassium homeostasis can affect various cell functions and lead to the onset of programmed cell death. Although ionophores have been intensively used as an ion homeostasis disturber, the mechanisms of cell death are unclear and the bioapplicability is limited. In this study, helical polypeptide‐based potassium ionophores are developed to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐mediated apoptosis. The polypeptide‐based potassium ionophores disturb ion homeostasis and then induce prolonged ER stress in the cells. The ER stress results in oxidative environments that accelerate the activation of mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis. Moreover, ER stress‐mediated apoptosis is triggered in a tumor‐bearing mouse model that suppresses tumor proliferation. This study provides the first evidence showing that helical polypeptide‐based potassium ionophores trigger ER stress‐mediated apoptosis by perturbation of potassium homeostasis.
Cytocompatible, Injectable, and Electroconductive Soft Adhesives with Hybrid Covalent/Noncovalent Dynamic Network
Authors: Xu Yong , Patsis Panagiotis A. , Hauser Sandra , Voigt Dagmar , Rothe Rebecca , Günther Markus , Cui Meiying , Yang Xuegeng , Wieduwild Robert , Eckert Kerstin , Neinhuis Christoph , Akbar Teuku Fawzul , Minev Ivan R. , Pietzsch Jens , Zhang Yixin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSynthetic conductive biopolymers have gained increasing interest in tissue engineering, as they can provide a chemically defined electroconductive and biomimetic microenvironment for cells. In addition to low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, injectability and adhesiveness are important for many biomedical applications but have proven to be very challenging. Recent results show that fascinating material properties can be realized with a bioinspired hybrid network, especially through the synergy between irreversible covalent crosslinking and reversible noncovalent self‐assembly. Herein, a polysaccharide‐based conductive hydrogel crosslinked through noncovalent and reversible covalent reactions is reported. The hybrid material exhibits rheological properties associated with dynamic networks such as self‐healing and stress relaxation. Moreover, through fine‐tuning the network dynamics by varying covalent/noncovalent crosslinking content and incorporating electroconductive polymers, the resulting materials exhibit electroconductivity and reliable adhesive strength, at a similar range to that of clinically used fibrin glue. The conductive soft adhesives exhibit high cytocompatibility in 2D/3D cell cultures and can promote myogenic differentiation of myoblast cells. The heparin‐containing electroconductive adhesive shows high biocompatibility in immunocompetent mice, both for topical application and as injectable materials. The materials could have utilities in many biomedical applications, especially in the area of cardiovascular diseases and wound dressing.
Dynamic Nonlinear Image Tuning through Magnetic Dipole Quasi‐BIC Ultrathin Resonators
Authors: Xu Lei , Zangeneh Kamali Khosro , Huang Lujun , Rahmani Mohsen , Smirnov Alexander , Camacho‐Morales Rocio , Ma Yixuan , Zhang Guoquan , Woolley Matt , Neshev Dragomir , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDynamical tuning of the nonlinear optical wavefront allows for a specific spectral response of predefined profiles, enabling various applications of nonlinear nanophotonics. This study experimentally demonstrates the dynamical switching of images generated by an ultrathin silicon nonlinear metasurface supporting a high‐quality leaky mode, which is formed by partially breaking a bound‐state‐in‐the‐continuum (BIC) generated by the collective magnetic dipole (MD) resonance excited in the subdiffractive periodic systems. Such a quasi‐BIC MD state can be excited directly under normal plane wave incidence and leads to a strong near‐field enhancement to further boost the nonlinear process, resulting in a 500‐fold enhancement of the third‐harmonic emission experimentally. Due to sharp spectral features and asymmetry of the unit cell, it allows for effective tailoring of the nonlinear emissions over spectral or polarization responses. Dynamical nonlinear image tuning is experimentally demonstarted via polarization and wavelength control. The results pave the way for nanophotonics applications such as tunable displays, nonlinear holograms, tunable nanolaser, and ultrathin nonlinear nanodevices with various functionalities.
Multifunctional DNA Origami Nanoplatforms for Drug Delivery
Authors: Lu Xuehe , Liu Jianbing , Wu Xiaohui , Ding Baoquan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDNA nanotechnology has been employed in the construction of self‐assembled nano‐biomaterials with uniform size and shape for various biological applications, such as bioimaging, diagnosis, or therapeutics. Herein, recent successful efforts to utilize multifunctional DNA origami nanoplatforms as drug‐delivery vehicles are reviewed. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on gold nanorods, chemotherapeutic drugs, cytosine–phosphate–guanine, functional proteins, gene drugs, and their combinations for optoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunological therapy, gene therapy, and coagulation‐based therapy are summarized. The challenges and opportunities for DNA‐based nanocarriers for biological applications are also discussed.
Activated hippo signal pathway inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in NK/T cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Chang Yu , Fu Xiao‐Rui , Cui Meng , Li Wei‐Ming , Zhang Lei , Li Xin , Li Ling , Sun Zhen‐Chang , Zhang Xu‐Dong , Li Zhao‐Ming , You Xiao‐Yan , Nan Fei‐Fei , Wu Jing‐Jing , Wang Xin‐Hua , Zhang Ming‐Zhi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNatural Killer T–Cell Lymphoma (NKTCL) is a subtype of Non‐Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and its morbidity is ranked the first of T‐Cell Lymphoma. Hippo signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of tumors. However, the role of Hippo signaling pathway in the oncogenesis of NKTCL still remains unclear.MethodsThe expressions of mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (MST1) and Yes‐associated protein (YAP) were investigated by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Cell viability was detected by MTT assays. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell proliferative capacity was detected by colony formation assay. Nude mice xenograft models were established and the tumor sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.ResultsThe expression of MST1 was significantly down‐regulated in NKTCL tissues (n = 30) and cell lines, while the expression of YAP was significantly up‐regulated, and the phosphorylation of YAP was inhibited. Overexpression of MST1, knockdown of YAP, or verteporfin (VP) treatment could inhibit cell proliferation, and promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in NKTCL cells, while knockdown of MST1 and overexpression of YAP promoted cell proliferation. Additionally, Bcl‐2/Bax ratio and downstream effectors of Hippo signaling pathway (c‐myc, survivin, cyclinD1, CTGF, and TEAD) were significantly decreased when MST1 was overexpressed and YAP was knocked down or after VP treatment. Furthermore, our mice model demonstrated that activation of Hippo signal pathway suppressed the tumorigenesis of NKTCL.ConclusionThe activation of Hippo signal pathway via overexpressing MST1 or down‐regulating YAP can inhibit the tumorigenesis of NKTCL.
MicroJet Reactor Technology: An Automated, Continuous Approach for Nanoparticle Syntheses
Authors: Hiemer Julia , Clausing Aline , Schwarz Thomas , Stöwe Klaus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA new design of a confined impinging jet microreactor has been applied for continuous‐flow syntheses of metal chalcogenide nanomaterials. The microjet reactor is an automated, flexible, scalable, and thus industrially viable technology allowing a strict control over process parameters for the design of materials with tunable properties. Due to the short mixing times in the µs to ms range, crystallite nucleation and crystal growth are well separated and enable concentration‐limited particle growth and thus nanoparticle synthesis. The first approaches on the microjet reactor setup presented here were focused on the synthesis of nanocrystalline Ta‐doped tin dioxides and cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. The nanomaterials were characterized by a number of methods like powder X‐ray diffraction and conductivity measurements.
Degradation of red lead pigment in the oil painting during UV aging
Authors: Zhao Yanrui , Wang Jianli , Pan Aizhao , He Ling , Simon Stefan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe degradation product and mechanism of red lead pigment (Pb3O4, minium) in pure powder and in modeled oil painting are dynamically tracked during ultraviolet light aging by the change of color, crystal structure, chemical composition, and surface morphology. After UV aging, the color of pure minium pigment gradually darkens from bright orange‐red into black, but the color of model paint samples made by minium and tung oil binder changes into brownish and whitish color (ΔE* = 56.60). After aging, the crystal structure of Pb3O4 powder is proved to transfer into plattnerite (β‐PbO2) by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, but the degradation product of Pb3O4 in model paint samples is identified as 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2 by the noticeable peaks at 24.8°, 27.4°, and 34.3° in XRD pattern, and two new Fourier transform infrared peaks at 1393 cm−1 and 682 cm−1 attributed to the presence of , and a new peak at 1051 cm−1 in Raman spectroscopy. During UV aging, the model paint samples' surface is verified gradually from wrinkled surface into nanoscale sheet‐like structure and finally a regular hexagonal plate‐like crystal structure, showing hexagonal crystals of hydrocerussit 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2. This reveals the interaction between organic tung oil binder and inorganic minium to accelerate the degradation of Pb3O4 pigment. Therefore, the degradation mechanism is deduced as that CO2 and H+ formed by oxidizing ester/carboxyl groups in tung oil reacts with Pb2+ to yield the white product of 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2. It is believed that this study will contribute much to the complete understanding of the degradation of minium pigment in oil paintings.