bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Keratoplasty for Presbyopia: 3-year Results
Authors: Stahl Jason E 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the long-term safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) in the treatment of presbyopia.
METHODS: Ten near-piano presbyopic patients (6 women and 4 men) underwent unilateral CK with standardpressure technique in the non -dominant eye to improve their near vision. Mean age was 51 ?3.1 years (range: 46 to 56 years). Nine of the 10 patients were available for both 1- and 3-year follow-up examinations.
RESULTS: Preoperative mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.17?0.29 diopters (D), yielding a mean near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of JlO. Three years after CK, the mean near UCVA was J3. The mean MRSE at 3 years was -1.06?0.81 D, which represents a 0.25 D change from the MRSE at 1 year. The MRSE in the dominant untreated eyes had a +0.26 D change during the 3-year period, which was not statistically different when compared to the CKtreated eyes during the 3-year postoperative period. No eye lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity or had induced cylinder ^ 0.75 D. Seventy-eight percent had binocular distance UCVA 20/20 or better and near UCVA J3 or better. The average keratometry remained stable at 45.09 D 3 years postoperatively compared to 45.08 D 1 year postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of presbyopia provided safe, effective, predictable, and stable results 3 years following the initial surgery. Refractive stability was similar for both the CK-treated and untreated eyes with a small hyperopic shift noted during the 3-year follow-up period. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:905-910.]
Intraoperative Autorefraction for Combined Phakic Intraocular Lens Explantation and Cataract Surgery
Authors: Leccisotti Antonio 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate intraoperative auto refraction during combined phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) explantation and cataract surgery.
METHODS: Phakic intraocular lens explantation was followed by crystalline lens emulsification and reformation of the anterior chamber with balanced salt solution. Autoref raction was performed intraoperatively with the Nikon Retinomax 2, and the IOL power was calculated using a formula for myopic eyes: IOL for emmetropia = 1.3 x aphakic spherical equivalent refraction + 1.45.
RESULTS: Nineteen myopic eyes of 15 patients with anterior or posterior chamber PIOL (including 6 eyes that had undergone photorefractive keratectomy) were treated. Two months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.56 ?0.40 diopters (D) (range: Oto -1.50 D).
CONCLUSIONS: In myopic eyes, intraoperative a uto- refraction provided a simple and reliable method to calculate IOL power in combined PIOL explantation and cataract surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:931-934.]
Nine-year Follow-up of a Posterior Chamber Phakic IOL in One Eye and LASIK in the Fellow Eye of the Same Patient
Authors: Tsiklis Nikolaos S , Kymionis George D , Karp Carol L , Naoumidi Tatianna , Pallikaris Aristofanis I 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the long-term results (9 years) of LASIK in one eye and phakic intraocular lens (implantable contact lens [ICL]) implantation in the fellow eye of the same patient.
METHODS: A patient with high myopia underwent LASIK with a MEL 60 excimer laser in one eye (spherical equivalent refraction -9.75 diopters [D], 5-mm optical zone with no transition zone) and phakic intraocular lens (STAAR Collamer implantable contact lens [ICL]) implantation (spherical equivalent refraction -9.50 D) in the fellow eye.
RESULTS: At 9 years postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -1.00 in the eye with the ICL and -1.75 D in the eye that underwent LASIK. During the first 6 postoperative months in the LASIK eye, refraction regressed, but remained stable during the remainder of follow-up. Uncorrected visual acuity was 20/25 in the eye with the ICL and 20/30 in the LASIK eye, whereas best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Less night vision problems (glare and halos) were experienced in the eye with the ICL compared to the LASIK eye. Although the patient initially preferred the LASIK procedure, at last follow-up 9 years postoperatively, increased overall satisfaction was reported for the eye with the ICL compared to the LASIK eye.
CONCLUSIONS: Nine years after treatment of high myopia with the ICL and LASIK in the same patient, better quality of vision, stability, and satisfaction score were achieved in the eye with the ICL compared to the eye that had undergone LASIK. No longterm sight-threatening complications were found during followup. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:935-937.]
Correcting Highly Aberrated Eyes Using Large-stroke Adaptive Optics
Authors: Sabesan Ramkumar , Ahmad Kamran , Yoon Geunyoung 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the optical performance of a large-stroke deforma ble mirror in correcting large aberrations in highly aberrated eyes.
METHODS: A large-stroke deformable mirror (Mirao 52 D; Imagine Eyes) and a Shack- Hartmann wavefront sensor were used in an adaptive optics system. Closedloop correction of the static aberrations of a phase plate designed for an advanced keratoconic eye was performed for a 6-mm pupil. The same adaptive optics system was also used to correct the aberrations in one eye each of two moderate keratoconic and three normal human eyes for a 6-mm pupil.
RESULTS: With closed -loop correction of the phase plate, the total root-mean -square (RMS) over a 6-mm pupil was reduced from 3.54 to 0.04 µm in 30 to 40 iterations, corresponding to 3 to 4 seconds. Adaptive optics closed-loop correction reduced an average total RMS of 1.73±0.998 to 0.10±0.017 µm (higher order RMS of 0.39±0.124 to 0.06±0.004 µm) in the three normal eyes and 2.73±1.754 to 0.10±0.001pm (higher order RMS of 1.82±1.058 to 0.05±0.017 µm) in the two keratoconic eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: Aberrations in both normal and highly aberrated eyes were successfully corrected using the large-stroke deformable mirror to provide almost perfect optical quality. This mirror can be a powerful tool to assess the limit of visual performance achievable after correcting the aberrations, especially in eyes with abnormal corneal profiles. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:947-952.]
Long-term Effects on Corneal Keratocytes of Mitomycin C During Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Randomized Contralateral Eye Confocal Microscopy Study
Authors: Midena Edoardo , Gambato Catia , Miotto Stefania , Cortese Marta , Salvi Rudy , Ghirlando Alessandra 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term side effects of mitomycin C (MMC) assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on corneal keratocytes of highly myopic eyes.
METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with bilateral myopia from -7.00 to -14.25 diopters (D) underwent PRK on both eyes, one eye of each patient received topical application of 0.02% MMC for 2 minutes immediately after the PRK procedure. Corneal keratocyte density was quantified by corneal confocal microscopy at baseline and 5 years postoperatively.
RESULTS: Photorefractive keratectomy reduced keratocyte density in the most anterior stromal layer, without a statistically significant difference between MMC and standard treated eyes. Posterior stromal layers showed no signs of keratocyte loss with either techniques.
CONCLUSIONS: Phototherapeutic keratectomy with 0.02% topical MMC has no significant side effects on corneal keratocytes compared to standard PRK, as documented by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1011-S1014.]
A Prospective, Randomized, Contralateral Eye Comparison of Epithelial Laser in situ Keratomileusis and Photorefractive Keratectomy in Eyes Prone to Haze
Authors: Gamaly Tamer O , El Danasoury Alaa , El Maghraby Akef 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare refractive outcome, subepithelial haze, and pain after epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: In this prospective, randomized study, 32 eyes of 16 patients were treated for myopia with epi-LASIK (epi-LASIK group) in one eye and PRK in the fellow eye (PRK group). All patients underwent ablation using the NIDEK EC-5000 CX Il excimer laser platform. Mean patient age was 24.8 years (range: 19 to 35 years). Mean preoperative manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -2.76 diopters (D) (range: -1.00 to -4.88 D). Refractive outcome, subepithelial haze, and pain out to 6 months postoperatively were compared between groups.
RESULTS: At 6 months postoperatively, the mean MRSE was -0.22±0.27 D (range: 0.25 to -0.88 D) in the epi-LASIK group and -0.23 ±0.29 D (range: 0.50 to -1.125 D) in the PRK group. There was no statistically significant difference in the refractive outcomes between groups. By postoperative day 4, 18% of the epi-LASIK group and 7% of the PRK group achieved the final uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA). On day 1 postoperatively, 14% fewer patients in the PRK group experienced pain compared with the epi-LASIK group. On postoperative day 2, 36% fewer patients in the epi-LASIK group experienced pain. Seventy-one percent of patients in the epi-LASIK group and 36% of patients in the PRK group had no haze postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASIK and PRK produced similar refractive outcome. Patients who underwent epi-LASIK experienced faster recovery of vision, less haze, and less pain. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1015-S1020.]
Active Cyclotorsion Error Correction During LASIK for Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism With the NIDEK EC-5000 CX III Laser
Authors: Bharti Sudhank , Bains Harkaran S 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the predictability and accuracy of active cyclotorsion compensation during LASIK for myopia with astigmatism.
METHODS: Fifty-two eyes of 26 patients were divided into two groups; one group (30 eyes) underwent primary LASIK with torsion error correction (TEC [TEC group]) and 22 eyes underwent LASIK without TEC (control group). The NIDEK EC-5000 CX III excimer laser was used for all treatments. All eyes were targeted for emmetropia. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), refractive outcomes, and dispersion and predictability of manifest refractive cylinder were compared between the TEC and control groups. A P value <.01 was considered statistically significant. All outcomes are reported at 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Statistically significantly lower cylinder dispersion and mean manifest refractive cylinder postoperatively were demonstrated in the TEC group (P<.01). Final refractive cylinder for the TEC group was -0.21±0.16 diopters (D) (range: -0.62 to 0.00 D) and -0.56±0.34 D (range: -1.25 to 0.00 D) for the control group. No statistically significant differences in mean MRSE or safety (defined as a loss of 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity) was noted between groups.
CONCLUSIONS: LASIK with active cyclotorsion error correction increases the accuracy of cylinder correction. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1041-S1045.]
Thin-flap LASIK to Increase the Range of Treatments Using the NIDEK EC-5000 CX Excimer Laser
Authors: Grim Millicent , Pablo Rachelle 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the safety, advantages, and disadvantages of two LASIK groups that underwent surgery with a standard -thickness 130-µm microkeratome head (standard thickness group) and a 90-µm microkeratome head (thin flap group) prior to ablation with the NIDEK EC-5000 CX excimer laser.
METHODS: Two hundred seventeen patients (420 eyes) with myopia or hyperopia underwent LASIK with either a 130-µm microkeratome head (137 eyes of 74 patients) or 90-µm microkeratome head (283 eyes of 143 patients). Corneal and stromal bed thickness prior to ablation were measured three consecutive times using ultrasound pachymetry. Averages of the corneal bed with the flap reflected, the flap thickness, and residual stromal bed were calculated for both groups. The postoperative appearance of the flaps and stroma in both groups were compared by slit-lamp examination.
RESULTS: No difference in preoperative corneal thickness was found between groups. Eyes that underwent treatment with the 130-µm microkeratome head had a mean flap thickness of 163.6±29.60 µm (range: 71 to 246 µm). Eyes that underwent treatment with the 90-µm microkeratome head had a mean flap thickness of 113.30±24.26µm (range: 65 to 182 µm). No intraor postoperative complications occurred in either group. Flap appearance was similar in both groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Both 130-µm and 90-µm microkeratome heads have similar predictability. Using a 90-µm microkeratome head leaves a thicker stromal bed for ablation. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1050-S1053.]
Our Experience with Miniperc XS in the Management of Renal Stones
Authors: Sabale Vilas , Pramanik Prasun , Mane Deepakkumar , Satav Vikram , Shah Avreen Singh , Chaudari Niraj , Kandari Ashwani 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Miniperc (MIP) XS (7.5 Fr) nephroscope in the treatment of renal stones up to 20 mm.

Methods:
This was a prospective study that enrolled 65 patients with limited stone burden in calyx or pelvis, which were treated with MIP XS. Primary outcomes included stone-free rates (SFRs), operative time, length of postoperative hospital stay, requirement of analgesic postsurgery, decline in hematocrit, stent requirement, and complications and requirement of ancillary procedure.

Results:
The mean stone size was 17.46 ± 2.9 mm. The patients were treated with MIP XS and had a mean operative time of 38.63 ± 8.4 min, 1.74% drop in hematocrit levels postsurgery and 96.9% SFRs. The length of hospital stay was 55.48 ± 4.6 h. Postoperative fever and nephrostomy leakage occurred in 9 and 1 patients, respectively. Six cases required some drainage procedure (double-J stent/nephrostomy). No patient required blood transfusion.

Conclusion:
This study showed that MIP XS could be considered as an effective treatment option in the treatment of renal stones up to 20 mm as it scores in all the standard parameters used to measure percutaneous nephrolithotripsy outcomes.
Second Repair of Pediatric Inguinal Hernia
Authors: Chen Yi-Sheng , Yang Stephen Shei-Dei , Chen Judy Yi-Chu , Chang Shang-Jen , Chen Ke-Chi 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The objective of this nationwide observational study was to report the rate and risk factors for the second repair after pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Materials and Methods:
Children born from 1998 to 2005 were chosen from a cohort of 1,000,000 cases, which were randomly selected from an insured population of 23 million people in Taiwan (Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005). We identified all hernia repairs in the period of 1998–2012 for the sample population and then used a Cox proportional hazards regression model to analyze the risk factors for the second repair after pediatric inguinal herniorrhaphy.

Results:
The total sample population comprised 79,820 children, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.27:1. During a mean observation period of 11.4 ± 2.2 years, 3339 (4.18%) of the children in the sample population received primary inguinal hernia repair. Of the 251 children (7.52%) who underwent a second repair, 220 were boys (8.13%) and 31 were girls (4.9%); 244 (8.62%) underwent primary unilateral hernia repair, and 7 (1.38%) underwent primary bilateral hernia repair. Considering that bilateral hernia involves unilateral hernia on two sides, the expected recurrence rate after primary unilateral hernia repair was calculated as 0.69%. The calculated rates for late occurrence of contralateral hernia after primary unilateral hernia repair were 11.04%, 7.73%, and 3.28% for children aged 0–1, 1–4, and >4 years, respectively. Significant risk factors for second hernia repair were age at first primary hernia repair and unilateral hernia (P < 0.001). Gender and prematurity were not risk factors for second hernia repair.

Conclusions:
The second repair rate after primary unilateral or bilateral hernia repair was 7.52%. The only risk factor that predicted the second repair was age of <4 years at the time of operation. The expected recurrence rate after any hernia was estimated as 0.69%.
Pressure Compression of the Access Tract for Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Chang Shun-Kai , Cheong Ian-Seng , Cheng Ming-Chin , Jou Yeong-Chin , Chen Chia-Chun , Hu Min-Min 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To obtain adequate hemostasis, we compressed the access tract at the end of operation for tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The clinical results of 216 consecutive patients were evaluated by retrospective chart review.

Materials and Methods:
After stone extraction, an 8F Foley catheter was inserted into the renal pelvis and was then inflated and gently retracted. The working sheath was withdrawn to the renal capsule, the renal access tract was packed with oxidized regenerated cellulose (SurgicelTM) strips, and the tract was compressed with smaller dilators through the working sheath for 5 min.

Results:
Of the 216 patients, 139 were male and 77 were female. The mean age was 56.0 ± 11.7 years. The stone characteristics were renal stones in 146 patients, ureteral stones in 47 patients, and kidney with ureteral stones in 23 patients. The average stone size was 3.6 ± 2.1 cm, and the average operation time was 80.5 ± 30.1 min. The target stones were all removed in each patient and the overall postoperative stone-free rate was 73.6%. The postoperative blood transfusion rate was 1.4% (three patients). Postoperative fever was noted in 23 patients (10.6%) and sepsis was noted in three patients (1.4%). The average postoperative hospital stay was 3.2 ± 1.4 days.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that pressure compression may be an alternative method to minimize hemorrhagic complications during tubeless PCNL.
8-week training in partial minimalist shoe reduces impact force during running
Authors: Azevedo Ana P.S. , Mezencio Bruno , Mochizuki Luis , Valvassori Raisa , Amadio Alberto C. , Serrao Julio C. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeExcessive external load is a likely cause of running injuries. Although minimal running has been suggested as a possible approach to reduce impact and injury risk, an abrupt transition from conventional shoes to minimal running is also related to injuries. Therefore, the partial minimalist shoe has been suggested as a training strategy for a safe transition to
minimal running. The study investigated if 8 weeks of training in partial minimalist shoe could improve impact control of shod and barefoot running.MethodsRecreational runners (12 men, 2 women), inexperienced in minimal running, performed 3 training sessions/week in partial minimalist shoes for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the participants ran on a treadmill at 2.5 m/s under two conditions: in their habitual shoes and barefoot. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) was recorded.ResultsAfter the intervention, reduced values of the first peak (16.7% for shod, 36.7% for barefoot), time to reach the first peak (7.7% for shod, 30.2% for barefoot), and the load rate of the first peak (9.8% for shod, 9.5% for barefoot) were observed for both conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Six subjects dropped out from the intervention.ConclusionsPartial minimalist training improved VGRF variables related to shock attenuation. Thus, the 8-week running training program with partial minimalist shoes was an effective approach to increase impact control. The intervention reduced the impact force in both shod and barefoot running, arising as a feasible option to progressively transition to minimal running.
Silent Narrative
Authors: Bajoria Rishabh 
Published: January 2019

In this article, I describe my public history project seeking to transform a street in Connaught Place, New Delhi, into a militarised Srinagar marketplace. Through this phenomenological project, I aim to make Hindu, middle- class, upper-middle-caste Indians realise that the Indian presence in the Kashmir Valley is a colonial, military occupation. Through this, I want them to reconsider India’s claims of being a secular, liberal-democracy. To contextualise my intervention, I briefly represent the mainstream Indian narrative on Kashmir, both in academia and the wider public space, in the first section of this article. Thus, by highlighting the ‘silences’ in the general understanding of Kashmir, I will demonstrate my project’s contribution to Kashmir’s historiography.
KEYWORDScolonialism; exhibit; phenomenology; India-Occupied Kashmir; historiography; Museum
Improved aerosol correction for OMI tropospheric NO2 retrieval over East Asia: constraint from CALIOP aerosol vertical profile
Authors: Liu Mengyao , Lin Jintai , Boersma K. Folkert , Pinardi Gaia , Wang Yang , Chimot Julien , Wagner Thomas , Xie Pinhua , Eskes Henk , Van Roozendael Michel , Hendrick François , Wang Pucai , Wang Ting , Yan Yingying , Chen Lulu , Ni Ruijing 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Satellite retrieval of vertical column densities (VCDs) of tropospheric
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is critical for NOx pollution and impact
evaluation. For regions with high aerosol loadings, the retrieval accuracy is
greatly affected by whether aerosol optical effects are treated implicitly
(as additional “effective” clouds) or explicitly, among other factors. Our
previous POMINO algorithm explicitly accounts for aerosol effects to improve
the retrieval, especially in polluted situations over China, by using aerosol
information from GEOS-Chem simulations with further monthly constraints by
MODIS/Aqua aerosol optical depth (AOD) data. Here we present a major
algorithm update, POMINO v1.1, by constructing a monthly climatological dataset of aerosol extinction profiles, based on level 2 CALIOP/CALIPSO data over
2007–2015, to better constrain the modeled aerosol vertical profiles. We find that GEOS-Chem captures the month-to-month variation in CALIOP
aerosol layer height (ALH) but with a systematic underestimate by about 300–600 m
(season and location dependent), due to a too strong negative vertical
gradient of extinction above 1 km. Correcting the model aerosol extinction
profiles results in small changes in retrieved cloud fraction, increases in
cloud-top pressure (within 2 %–6 % in most cases), and increases in
tropospheric NO2 VCD by 4 %–16 % over China on a monthly basis in
2012. The improved NO2 VCDs (in POMINO v1.1) are more consistent with
independent ground-based MAX-DOAS observations (R2=0.80, NMB = −3.4 %, for
162 pixels in 49 days) than POMINO (R2=0.80, NMB = −9.6 %), DOMINO v2 (R2=0.68, NMB = −2.1 %), and QA4ECV
(R2=0.75, NMB = −22.0 %) are. Especially on haze days, R2
reaches 0.76 for POMINO v1.1, much higher than that for POMINO (0.68),
DOMINO v2 (0.38), and QA4ECV (0.34). Furthermore, the increase in cloud
pressure likely reveals a more realistic vertical relationship between cloud
and aerosol layers, with aerosols situated above the clouds in certain
months instead of always below the clouds. The POMINO v1.1 algorithm is a
core step towards our next public release of the data product (POMINO v2), and
it will also be applied to the recently launched S5P-TROPOMI sensor.