bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Properties of CY 216 and of Its ACLM and BCLM Components in the Rabbit
Authors: Peyrou V , Lormeau J C , Caranobe C , Gabaig A M , Crepon B , Salvin S , Houin G , Sié P , Boneu B 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study compares some in vivo pharmacological properties of CY 216 and of its ACLM and BCLM components having a molecular weight above and below 5.4 kDa respectively. The anti-factor Xa/anti-thrombin ratio of these compounds determined in a rabbit plasma system were 2.5 and 1.2 for CY 216 and ACLM respectively while BCLM was devoid of anti-thrombin effect. After bolus intravenous injection, continuous infusion and subcutaneous administration, the clearances of anti-factor Xa activity generated by ACLM were, on the average, 2 and 1.5 times higher than those generated by BCLM and CY 216 respectively. The clearances of the anti-thrombin activity were comparable for CY 216 and ACLM, and higher than those of the antifactor Xa activity. The duration of the antithrombotic effect was investigated in the Wessler model after a single subcutaneous injection of 1000 anti-factor Xa units of one of the compounds. Using thromboplastin as thrombogenic stimulus, the most efficient agent was ACLM and the antithrombotic activity was essentially correlated to the circulating anti-thrombin activity. Using human serum as thrombogenic stimulus, ACLM and BCLM were more efficient than CY 216 and the antithrombotic activity was mainly correlated to the anti-factor Xa activity. The ability of the 3 compounds to inhibit venous thrombosis growth was compared: they were found equipotent and the antithrombotic effect was independent of the anti-thrombin activity. The pro-haemorrhagic properties were compared in the rabbit ear model. The activity of the 3 compounds were comparable and significantly less prohaemorrhagic than unfractionated heparin. These results suggest that the haemorrhagic potential of unfractionated heparin and of LMWH is independent of the anti-thrombin and anticoagulant activity, but related to the molecular weight. These observations indicate that factor Xa inhibition is a valuable target to prevent and to treat venous thrombosis and that the anti-factor Xa activity of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) largely contributes to its antithrombotic effect.
Association of Increased Fibrin Turnover and Defective Fibrinolytic Capacity with Leg Atherosclerosis
Authors: Cortellaro M , Cofrancesco E , Boschetti C , Mussoni L , Donati M B , Catalano M , Gabrielli L , Lambardi B , Specchia G , Tavazzi L , Tremoli E , Turri M ,   PLAT Group
Published: July 2018

SummaryPatients with peripheral arterial disease have a high risk of death from cardiovascular events. As defective fibrinolysis associated with leg atherosclerosis has been suggested as a predisposing factor, we sought a relation among decreased fibrinolysis, the presence of leg atherosclerosis and the incidence of thrombotic events in a case control study nested in the PLAT.Fifty-eight patients with coronary and/or cerebral atherothrombotic disease, free of leg atherosclerosis at Doppler examination, were compared with 50 atherosclerotic patients with leg involvement. High D-dimer (153.0 vs 81.3 ng/ml, p <0.001) and tPA antigen before venous stasis (14.4 vs 11.8 ng/ml, p <0.03), and low tPA antigen (6.7 vs 15.6 ng/ml, p <0.01) and fibrinolytic activity released after venous stasis (fibrinolytic capacity: 113.2 vs 281.4 mm2, p <0.001) were found in patients with leg atherosclerosis. D-dimer and fibrinolytic capacity, in addition to age, were selected by stepwise discriminant analysis as characterizing patients with leg atherosclerosis. Moreover, higher D-dimer and tPA inhibitor characterized patients with leg atherosclerosis who subsequently experienced thrombotic events.These findings constitute evidence of high fibrin turnover and impaired fibrinolytic potential in patients with leg atherosclerosis. Thus impaired fibrinolysis may contribute to the prothrombotic state in these patients.
The Effects of Some Synthetic Compounds on In Vitro Fibrinolytic Activity Measured by Different Methods and the Relevance to Activity In Vivo
Authors: Baillie A.J , Sim A. K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe activity of several synthetic compounds, rated from good to poor (or inactive) fibrinolytic activators, has been assessed by two different commonly-used in vitro methods. Compounds shown to be active over a narrow concentration range in the hanging clot test were shown to be inhibitors of plasmin and trypsin in the casein-olytic test. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was shown to increase with increasing substrate concentration and apparent activity in the hanging clot test. Possible explanations and relevance of these observations are discussed.
Influence of Factor VII on the Assay of Factor VIII by the One Stage Method Using Wettable Surface
Authors: Altman Raúl , Rouvier Jorge , Reussi Carlos ,   with the technical assistance of Silvia M. Taboada
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe influence of factor VII activated by Contact Product (i. e. the product of the reaction between factor XII and XI) on the factor VIII determination by the partial thromboplastin time with kaolin is described. There is an important decrease in clotting time when, with a constant amount of factor VIII, the concentration of factor VII is increased. This difference is unimportant from a practical point of view; but this does not distract from the possibility that the minute amount of thrombin generated by the XII-VII pathway may be of great practical interest, because it may be capable of activation factors V and VIII as well as influencing platelet metabolism and thus induce hemostasis, especially when the intrinsic pathway is blocked.
Effect of Lidoflazine (R 7904) on Human Platelet Function in Vitro
Authors: De Clerck F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of lidoflazine and of cinnarizine on human platelet function in vitro was compared to that of dipyridamole.Pre-incubation for 30 min at 37° C of platelet rich plasma with lidoflazine or with dipyridamole 5 ×10–4 M resulted in an appreciable inhibition of collagen aggregation in particular and to a lesser extent of ADP aggregation; cinnarizine was marginally active only.Clot retraction was inhibited by lidoflazine and by dipyridamole. Experiments on biphasic ADP aggregation and C14-serotonin release during aggregation show that lidoflazine reduces the platelet release reaction.The possible mode of action of the compound is discussed.Plasma coagulation and PF – 3 availability were not affected.
Systemic Effects of ADP-induced Platelet Aggregation and Their Modification by Aspirin and by Pyridinolcarbamate
Authors: Kobayashi Itsuro , Didisheim Paul 
Published: July 2018

SummaryADP, AMP, or ATP was injected rapidly intravenously in rats. ADP injection resulted in the f olio wing transient changes: a drop in platelet count, a rise in central venous pressure, a fall in carotid arterial PO2, bradycardia, arrhythmia, flutter-fibrillation, and arterial hypotension. AMP and ATP produced some of these same effects; but except for hypotension, their frequency and severity Avere much less than those following ADP.Prior intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acid or pyridinolcarbamate, two inhibitors of the second wave of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, significantly reduced the frequency and severity of all the above ADP-induced changes except hypotension. These observations suggest that many of the changes (except hypotension) observed to follow ADP injection are produced by platelet aggregates which lodge transiently in various microcirculatory beds then rapidly disaggregate and recirculate.
Changes Associated with Platelet Aging
Authors: Ginsburg D. A , Aster R. H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryCohorts of “young” and “old” platelets were prepared and compared with each other, and with total platelet populations. It was found that approximately 22% of the platelet mass, including phospholipid, cholesterol and protein was lost as the platelets aged in the circulation. No one phospholipid fraction was specifically altered. With aging there was significant reduction in the ability of platelets to respond to aggregating stimuli and to release Pf3. Pf4 activity seemed to be fully preserved and there was no detectable change in specific gravity. Ultrastructural changes seemed to be limited to a decrease in the number of glycogen granules.It is recognised that the observed changes may be a passive consequence of platelet aging. However, it is speculated that loss of platelet substance may in someway be related to a functional role of platelets - perhaps the maintenance of endothelial integrity.It is also postulated, on the basis of the reported findings, that radioisotopic labels such as DFP which give an exponential platelet survival curve bind to a platelet constituent which is lost during the aging process.
The Effect of Adrenaline Infusions and of Muscular Exercise upon the Blood Level of Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic A Factor) in the Rat
Authors: Iversen J. G , Waaler B. A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe activity of factor VIII (antihaemophilic A factor) in rat blood does not increase upon adrenaline infusions or short term muscular exercise. A possible increase in the factor VIII activity in blood of rats was observed during a postoperative period, however. Short-lasting Nembutal anaesthesia had no influence on the factor VIII blood level in rats.
On Intraocular Fibrinolysis
Authors: Pandolfi M , Nilsson Inga Marie , Niléhn J. E 
Published: July 2018

Summary1. Intraocular fibrinolysis can be induced in rabbits by intravenous administration of streptokinase and plasminogen. Enhancement of intraocular fibrinolysis, however, requires a substantial increase in the fibrinolytic activity of the blood. Hence any attempt to induce therapeutic intraocular fibrinolysis by injection of fibrinolytic enzymes without checking the degree of fibrinolysis in the blood is meaningless.2. The blood-aqueous barrier did not show any significant change during fibrinolytic activation.3. Fibrinolytic split products could not be demonstrated in primary and plasmoid aqueous humour, but they were found in plasmoid aqueous after treatment of the animals with streptokinase and plasminogen.4. Intraocular fibrinolysis can be inhibited in primary and plasmoid aqueous by parenteral administration of ε-ACA.
The Kidneys and the Liver as the Organs Regulating the Fibrinolytic System of the Circulating Blood
Authors: Januszko T , Furman M , Buluk K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn experiments on rabbits it was shown by means of interruption and reestablishment of hepatic and renal circulation that these organs play an essential role in the regulation of the fibrinolytic system of the circulating blood. The kidneys are the source of the plasminogen activator secreted in the blood whereas the liver is responsible for the inactivation of the fibrinolytic system.
Human Leukocyte Elastase and Cathepsin G Inactivate Factor VII by Limited Proteolysis
Authors: Anderssen Trude , Halvorsen Hanne , Bajaj S Paul , Østerud Bjarne 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of supernatant from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulated human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) on human factor VII was studied in vitro. The supernatant caused a rapid loss in factor VII coagulant activity by the action of human leukocyte elastase (HLE) and cathepsin G in the supernatant, as demonstrated by the use of specific inhibitors of the two serine proteases, respectively. Preincubation of the supernatant with the elastase inhibitor and the cathepsin G inhibitor preserved 80% and 25% of the clotting activity, respectively. Calcium protected factor VII completely from the supernatant mediated inactivation. Cathepsin G and HLE purified from PMN each destroyed the coagulant activity of factor VII when added to a non-plasma system. There were, however, no effect on factor VII activity when cathepsin G was added to plasma. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS indicated that HLE and cathepsin G cleaved the zymogen in the same manner, producing (a) peptide(s) of low molecular mass and a single large product of 48 kDa. Preincubation of factor VII with calcium ions inhibited the proteolytic action of HLE and cathepsin G. It is suggested that HLE and cathepsin G from activated granulocytes may be partly responsible for the loss in factor VII activity that is observed during sepsis.
Isolation and Properties of Human Vascular Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Allen R A , Pepper D S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryImproved methods for the isolation of human cadaveric endothelial vascular plasminogen activator have been developed. The enzyme was isolated as the native complex with soluble fibrin by a combination of polyethylene glycol precipitation and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified complex was then finally dissociated by affinity chromatography on lysine agarose. The dissociated enzyme was relatively unstable when bioassayed on fibrin plates, however its activity against low molecular weight chromogenic substrates was more stable. The enzymic activity was totally inhibited by DFP, PMSF or DTT and was totally resistant to iodoacetamide or Trasylol, indicating that it was a serine protease but differing in certain respects from urokinase. The specific activity of the native enzyme is ≥ 50,000 CTA units/mg protein, it has a molecular weight of 56,600 and will reform biologically active complexes with soluble fibrin polymers prepared in vitro. Both SFP and various poly-lysine preparations were shown to stimulate the activation of plasminogen by VPA in a spectrophotometric assay based on the rate of plasmin generation assayed against the chromogenic substrate S-2251. Considerable loss of material from purified preparations occurs by adsorption, thus with the limited amount of material available from cadavers, a radioisotopic labelling method was sought using iodination or 3H-DFP labelling, however neither approach was satisfactory. Comparison of VPA activity in cadaveric eluates and in venous occlusion plasma or following infusion of vasopressin analogues showed that all three activities behaved identically in the above purification steps. The affinity of VPA for insoluble fibrin was much higher than that of urokinase, or a human melanoma activator from tissue culture.
Lack of Correlation between Anticoagulant Activity and Phospholipid Hydrolysis by Snake Venom Phospholipases A2
Authors: Condrea Eleonora , Yang Chen-Chung , Rosenberg Philip 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe anticoagulant effects and the simultaneous plasma phospholipid hydrolysis induced by three purified phospholipases obtained from snake venoms, i.e., the basic, relatively toxic N. nigricollis, the neutral, relatively nontoxic H. haemachatus, and the acidic, relatively nontoxic N. n. atra, have been compared. The N. nigricollis phospholipase has a very strong anticoagulant effect at concentrations which induce relatively low levels of phospholipid hydrolysis in plasma. The H. haemachatus and N. n. atra phospholipases become anticoagulant only at high concentrations, and the associated phospholipid hydrolysis is also very high. It is concluded that, while all phospholipases are likely to inhibit coagulation if used in amounts sufficiently large to deplete plasma of phospholipids, strongly active phospholipases, such as N. nigricollis, interfere nonenzymatically with the clotting process before any appreciable phospholipid hydrolysis is reached.
Investigations into the Clinical Utility of Latex D-Dimer in the Diagnosis of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Carter Cedric J , Doyle D Lynn , Dawson Nigel , Fowler Shauna , Devine Dana V 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe serial use of non-invasive tests has been shown to be a safe method of managing outpatients who are suspected of having lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Objective testing has shown that the majority of these outpatients do not have venous thrombosis. A rapid test to exclude DVT in these patients, without the need for expensive and inconvenient serial non-invasive vascular testing, would have practical and economic advantages.Studies measuring the fibrin degradation product D-dimer using enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIA) in patients with veno-graphically proven DVT suggest that it should be possible to exclude this condition by the use of one of the rapid latex bead D-dimer tests.We have examined 190 patients with suspected DVT using both a latex and an EIA D-dimer assay. The latex D-dimer test used in this study was negative in 7 of the 36 proven cases of DVT. This sensitivity of only 80% is not sufficient to allow this type of assay, in its current form, to be used as an exclusion test for DVT. The same plasma samples were tested with an EIA assay. This information was used to mathematically model the effects of selecting a range of D-dimer discriminant cut off points for the diagnosis of DVT. These results indicate that 62% of suspected clinically significant DVT could have this diagnosis excluded, with a 98% sensitivity, if the rapid latex or equivalent D-dimer test could be reformulated to measure less than 185 ng/ml of D-dimer.
Evaluación de la eficacia de fosfomicina trometamol y gentamicina en la profilaxis de la cistoscopia flexible tras el estudio de los patógenos de nuestro entorno
Authors: Planelles Gómez Jorge , Gras Colomer Elena , Pérez Martínez María Ángeles , Bonastre Torró Cristina , Sánchez Sanchís Manuel , Vidal Moreno Juan Francisco 
Published: July 2018

Resumen
Objetivo Optimizar el uso de antibióticos en la profilaxis de la cistoscopia flexible estudiando los patógenos más frecuentes de nuestro entorno y eligiendo el antibiótico según sus antibiogramas.
Métodos Desde Enero del 2015 hasta Noviembre del 2015, se analizaron los urinocultivos de nuestra área, se eligió el antibiótico en función a su sensibilidad frente a los patógenos más frecuentes y se comparó con un antibiótico de amplio espectro. Desde Enero del 2016 hasta Diciembre del 2016, se realizaron las cistoscopias agrupando a los pacientes en: Grupo 1: Pacientes sin profilaxis; Grupo 2: Profilaxis con Gentamicina 240 mg; Grupo 3: Profilaxis con antibiótico seleccionado. Como variables principales se definieron la presencia de bacteriuria asintomática e ITU tras la realización de la cistoscopia flexible.
Resultados Se analizaron 8.530 urinocultivos y se eligió la Fosfomicina Trometamol 3 gr como profilaxis. Se realizaron 244 cistoscopias distribuidas: Grupo 1: 86 (35%); Grupo 2: 72 (30%); Grupo 3: 86 (35%). Se detectó bacteriuria asintomática postcistoscopia en 6 pacientes (2,5%) en el Grupo 1, 7 pacientes (2,9%) en el grupo 2 y 5 pacientes (2%) en el grupo 3 no presentando diferencias significativas (p 0.120). Desarrollaron ITUs postcistoscopia 1 paciente (0,4%) en el Grupo 1, 5 pacientes (2%) en el Grupo 2 y 2 pacientes (0,8%) en el Grupo 3 sin diferencias significativas (p 0.105).
Conclusión La Fosfomicina es tan efectiva como la Gentamicina en la profilaxis de la cistoscopia. Para un uso correcto de los antibióticos, se recomienda el estudio de los patógenos de nuestro entorno.
Relación entre ratio digital (2D:4D) y severidad preoperatoria del cáncer de próstata
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Carlos , Oñate-Celdrán Julián , García-Escudero Damián , Samper-Mateo Paula , Vilchez-Costas Ana , Torres-Roca Marcos , Maldonado-Cárceles Ana , López-Espín José , Martínez-Díaz Francisco , Mendiola-Olivares Jaime , Torres-Cantero Alberto 
Published: July 2018

Objetivo La ratio digital del segundo y cuarto dedo de la mano (2D:4D) es un marcador de la exposición a andrógenos prenatal que presenta un dimorfismo sexual en mamíferos, siendo menor en hombres que en mujeres. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue analizar la asociación entre la ratio 2D:4D (como marcador indirecto del ambiente hormonal intrauterino) y la severidad preoperatoria del cáncer de próstata (CaP).
Material y métodos Se trata de un estudio transversal que incluyó 118 pacientes intervenidos de CaP y con confirmación histológica por biopsia desde abril de 2007 hasta julio de 2015. A cada paciente se le realizó una exploración física y se midió desde la base de la falange proximal hasta el extremo de la falange distal tanto en el cuarto como en el segundo dedo de la mano derecha. La asociación entre la ratio 2D:4D y los indicadores de severidad prequirúrgicos de CaP se realizaron mediante test de medias, correlación de Spearman y regresión lineal simple.
Resultados La ratio 2D:4D se asoció significativamente con el PSA prequirúrgico (p = 0,023) y con el porcentaje de cilindros afectados en la biopsia (p = 0,05)
Conclusión Nuestros resultados sugieren que una mayor exposición androgénica prenatal, reflejado en una ratio 2D:4D disminuida, estaría asociada con una mayor severidad prequirúrgica del CaP.
Profilaxis antibiótica en el manejo conservador de los pacientes con trauma renal: ¿Aún existe controversia?
Authors: García-Perdomo Herney Andrés , Gómez-Puerto Diego Andrés , Zapata-Copete James Alejandro , Manzano-Núñez Ramiro 
Published: July 2018

Resumen
Objetivo Describir la evidencia que existe en la actualidad acerca del uso del antibiótico profiláctico en el manejo conservador del trauma renal.
Material y métodos Decidimos realizar una revisión de la literatura para intentar resolver la controversia existente acerca de la efectividad del uso de antibiótico profiláctico en pacientes con trauma renal para prevenir complicaciones infecciosas.
Resultados El trauma renal es un problema importante en los servicios de urgencias en el mundo. La mayoría corresponden a traumatismos cerrados y principalmente a accidentes de tránsito, aunque pueden ser secundarios a un trauma penetrante. Los abscesos perirrenales son poco frecuentes, se estima que ocurren en menos del 1% de todos los casos de trauma renal y en aproximadamente 5% de los casos de trauma renal penetrante. Dada la baja incidencia de abscesos perirrenales y las diferentes corrientes existe controversia para el tratamiento antibiótico. El manejo es conservador en la mayoría de los casos, y depende del grado de la lesión, el compromiso vascular y el estado hemodinámico del paciente.
Conclusión Aún no existe claridad acerca de la utilización de antibiótico profiláctico en el manejo conservador del paciente con un traumatismo renal, relacionado con el tipo de trauma y el grado de la lesión. Sugerimos el uso de antibiótico profiláctico en pacientes con trauma penetrante grado IV dada la mezcla de ambiente externo, cuerpo extraño y orina, sin embargo, no hay evidencia de alta calidad al respecto.