bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Knowledge-Based System for Questionnaires Evaluation of Digital Piano Collective Course for Preschool Education Major in Normal Universities
Authors: Li Su , Tian C. Ya 
Published: October 2019

In order to improve the teaching level of digital piano collective course for preschool education major in normal universities and provide high-quality music education for children, a knowledge-based system for questionnaires evaluation of digital piano collective course for preschool education major in normal universities is proposed. The system can collect sufficient data and information, the exact orientation of piano learning, the exact choice of teaching mode by questionnaires. A comprehensive analysis of the students’ characteristics, teachers’ post skills and the orientation of digital piano syllabus in the preschool collective course teaching of digital piano in normal universities is made. Moreover, some countermeasures for perfecting digital piano teaching mode are proposed. As a result, it promotes the level of piano teaching in preschool education major, realizes the goal of arousing students’ enthusiasm for study and reduces teachers’ pressure.
A Simple and Rapid Phosphorescence Probe Based on Mn-Doped ZnS Quantum Dots for Chloramphenicol Detection
Authors: Liu Zhenping , Wang Xianfeng , Hou Jingzhou , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun 
Published: October 2019

An innovative phosphorescence probe based on Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (Mn:ZnS QDs) was developed for selective detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) via inner-filter effect (IFE). Mn:ZnS QDs were synthesized by water method and modified with L-Cysteine for better stability, and the average diameter of the nanometer particle was 3.8[Formula: see text]nm. With the excitation wavelength at 289[Formula: see text]nm, the strong phosphorescence of Mn:ZnS QDs can be emitted at 583[Formula: see text]nm. The excitation spectrum of Mn:ZnS QDs was substantially overlapped with the absorption spectrum of the target CAP. The excited light of Mn:ZnS QDs can be absorbed partially by CAP when they coexist, the phosphorescence intensity decreased with the increasing concentration of CAP, and it has a good linear relationship. Under optimal conditions, the linear relational concentration range achieved four orders of magnitude from 25 to [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), with a detection limit (LOD; [Formula: see text]) down to 0.81[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]. The simple, rapid and low cost IFE phosphorescent probe exhibited satisfactory recoveries ranging from 88.9% to 98.5% for CAP analysis in spiked honey, which shows a potential for routine screening of CAP in ensuring the food safety.
Micropalaeontology and stratigraphical setting of the Cambridge Greensand
Authors: Hart Malcolm B. , Fox Lyndsey R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The stratigraphical position of the Cambridge Greensand is confirmed as lowermost Cenomanian and the hiatus at the Albian/Cenomanian boundary described from a number of localities in SE England and East Anglia. The various sedimentary packages in the uppermost Albian and lowermost Cenomanian record a series of sea-level changes, confirmed by the changes in the foraminiferal assemblages (and other microfossils). The historical disagreements between the stratigraphical interpretations of the microfossils and macrofossils are discussed and resolved.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in a Community-Dwelling Elderly Population
Authors: Rooney Mary R. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Norby Faye L. , Loehr Laura R. , Mosley Thomas H. , Zhang Michael , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Coresh Josef , Folsom Aaron R. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Y. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The prevalence of subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) in the elderly general population is unclear. We sought to define the prevalence of subclinical AF in a community-based elderly population and to characterize subclinical AF and the incremental diagnostic yield of 4 versus 2 weeks of continuous ECG monitoring.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis within the community-based multicenter observational ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) using visit 6 (2016–2017) data. The 2616 ARIC study participants who wore a leadless, ambulatory ECG monitor (Zio XT Patch) for up to 2 weeks were aged 79±5 years, 42% men, and 26% black. In a subset, 386 participants without clinically recognized AF wore the monitor twice, each time for up to 2 weeks. We characterized the prevalence of subclinical AF (ie, AF detected on the Zio XT Patch without clinically recognized AF) over 2 weeks of monitoring and the diagnostic yield of 4 versus 2 weeks of monitoring.

Results:
The prevalence of subclinical AF was 2.5%; the prevalence of subclinical AF was 3.3% among white men, 2.5% among white women, 2.1% among black men, and 1.6% among black women. Subclinical AF was mostly intermittent (75%). Among those with intermittent subclinical AF, 91% had AF burden ≤10% during the monitoring period. In a subset of 386 participants without clinical AF, 78% more subclinical AF was detected by 4 weeks versus 2 weeks of ECG monitoring.

Conclusions:
In our study, the prevalence of subclinical AF was lower than previously reported and monitoring beyond 2 weeks provided substantial incremental diagnostic yield. Future studies should focus on individuals with higher risk to increase diagnostic yield and consider continuous monitoring duration longer than 2 weeks.
Cardiovascular Predictive Value and Genetic Basis of Ventricular Repolarization Dynamics
Authors: Ramírez Julia , van Duijvenboden Stefan , Aung Nay , Laguna Pablo , Pueyo Esther , Tinker Andrew , Lambiase Pier D. , Orini Michele , Munroe Patricia B. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Early prediction of cardiovascular risk in the general population remains an important issue. The T-wave morphology restitution (TMR), an ECG marker quantifying ventricular repolarization dynamics, is strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients with heart failure. Our aim was to evaluate the cardiovascular prognostic value of TMR in a UK middle-aged population and identify any genetic contribution.

Methods:

We analyzed ECG recordings from 55 222 individuals from a UK middle-aged population undergoing an exercise stress test in UK Biobank (UKB). TMR was used to measure ventricular repolarization dynamics, exposed in this cohort by exercise (TMR during exercise, TMR
ex
) and recovery from exercise (TMR during recovery, TMR
rec
). The primary end point was cardiovascular events; secondary end points were all-cause mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, and atrial fibrillation with median follow-up of 7 years. Genome-wide association studies for TMR
ex
and TMR
rec
were performed, and genetic risk scores were derived and tested for association in independent samples from the full UKB cohort (N=360 631).

Results:

A total of 1743 (3.2%) individuals in UKB who underwent the exercise stress test had a cardiovascular event, and TMR
rec
was significantly associated with cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 1.11;
P
=5×10
-7
), independent of clinical variables and other ECG markers. TMR
rec
was also associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.10) and ventricular arrhythmias (hazard ratio, 1.16). We identified 12 genetic loci in total for TMR
ex
and TMR
rec
, of which 9 are associated with another ECG marker. Individuals in the top 20% of the TMR
rec
genetic risk score were significantly more likely to have a cardiovascular event in the full UKB cohort (18 997, 5.3%) than individuals in the bottom 20% (hazard ratio, 1.07;
P
=6×10
-3
).

Conclusions:
TMR and TMR genetic risk scores are significantly associated with cardiovascular risk in a UK middle-aged population, supporting the hypothesis that increased spatio-temporal heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization is a substrate for cardiovascular risk and the validity of TMR as a cardiovascular risk predictor.
Cilostazol Mono and Combination Treatments in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Seung Min , Jung Jin-Man , Kim Bum Joon , Lee Ji-Sung , Kwon Sun U. 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose—
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of cilostazol as a mono or combination (plus aspirin or clopidogrel) treatments compared to conventional single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT, mainly aspirin) for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods—
Randomized controlled trial studies were searched across multiple comprehensive databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane) for review. The primary outcome was recurrent stroke comprising ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Secondary outcomes included ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, and composite outcomes. We performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the identified reports, including 2 recently published randomized controlled trials. In addition, network meta-analysis was performed to compare the relative effects of mono versus combination cilostazol treatments.

Results—
Ten studies were included in this review, 5 of which were assigned to the cilostazol mono group (n=5429) and the other 5 to the combination group (n=2456). The relative risks of recurrent stroke, ischemic stroke, and composite outcomes with cilostazol mono as well as combination treatments were significantly lower than with SAPT without any significant heterogeneity. An indirect comparison of these 3 outcomes revealed the cilostazol combination approach to be superior. The cilostazol mono treatment diminished hemorrhagic stroke more significantly than SAPT and the cilostazol combination did not increase hemorrhagic stroke compared to SAPT. The outcomes from the 2 cilostazol regimens were comparable to SAPT in the case of myocardial infarction.

Conclusions—
Cilostazol is a more effective and safer treatment option than SAPT approaches using mainly aspirin. Cilostazol regimens can also be modified to clinical situations as this drug reduces recurrent and ischemic stroke more efficiently as a combination therapy but is more beneficial for hemorrhagic stroke as a monotherapy.
Early and long-term outcomes comparing neonates, infants, and preadolescents requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for heart failure
Authors: Sabashnikov Anton , Merkle Julia , Azizov Farid , Djordjevic Ilija , Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Tunggal Irawati , Weber Carolyn , Weixler Viktoria , Rustenbach Christian , Zeriouh Mohamed , Kröner Axel , Wahlers Thorsten , Bennink Gerardus 
Published: October 2019

Background: Application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in pediatric patients with severe heart failure steadily increases. Differentiation of outcomes and survival of diverse pediatric groups is of interest for adequate therapy. Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2016, a total of 39 pediatric patients needed veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in our department. Patients were retrospectively divided into three groups: neonates (<30 days), infants (>30 days/<1 year), and toddlers/preadolescents (>1 year). Early outcomes as well as mid- and long-term survival up to 7-year follow-up were analyzed. Results: Basic demographics significantly differed in terms of age, height, and weight among the groups in accordance with the intended group categorization (p < 0.05). Survival after 30 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation application was equally distributed among the groups, and 44% of all patients survived. In terms of survival to discharge, no significant differences were found among groups. In total, 28% of patients survived up to 7 years. Infants were significantly more likely to undergo elective surgery (p < 0.001) and were predominantly weaned off extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, whereas need for urgent surgery (p < 0.001) was significantly higher in neonate group in comparison to other groups. Multinominal logistic regression analysis revealed significantly higher odds for need for re-exposure in infant group in comparison to toddler/preadolescent group as well as for incidence of neurological impairment of toddler/preadolescent group in comparison to neonate group (odds ratio = 14.67, p = 0.009 and odds ratio = 34.67, p = 0.004, respectively). Kaplan–Meier survival estimation analysis revealed no significant differences in terms of mid- and long-term survival among the groups (Breslow p = 0.198 and log-rank p = 0.213, respectively). Conclusion: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a lifesaving therapeutic chance for pediatric patients in the setting of either failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass or failed resuscitation from cardiac arrest. A fair part of patients could be saved by using this technology. Survival rate among the groups was similar.
Is Crop Insurance Creating Welfare Gain in North-east China? How to Improve Policy Implementation?
Authors: Le Shengyue , Sanglestsawai Santi , Bunyasiri ISriya Nitithanprapas , Suchato Ravissa 
Published: October 2019

The article evaluates the expected welfare gain from voluntary partial government-subsidized maize insurance in north-east China. A total of 356 maize-growing households’ risk preferences from Linkou County of Heilongjiang province are examined and their expected welfare gains were analysed by the expected utility theory with each farmer’s unique risk preference. The research found that 217 out of 356 households are rational decision-makers and most of them are risk averse. In term of expected welfare gain, the research pointed out that providing the existing crop insurance creates a welfare gain of about CNY 177 per hectare. However, this estimated welfare gain might be reduced to only CNY 124 per hectare if the local government decided to provide 100 per cent insurance premium subsidy with a lower level of protection at the same fiscal budget. Further, the results indicated that about 36 per cent of the rational households made wrong decisions in buying the crop insurance, and households with fewer family members and a lower portion of non-farming income are more likely to make wrong decisions. Additional education may help these farmers to make better decisions and increase future welfare gain to a potential level of about CNY 275 per hectare on average.
The prognostic value of B7H1 and B7H4 expression in pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis
Authors: Qi Zi-juan , Yu Dan , Chen Chun-hong , Jiang Hong , Li Ran , Kang Yong-ming 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The clinical implications of B7H1 and B7H4 in pancreatic cancer have been described however, the prognostic significance of these genes in pancreatic cancer patients remains inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic role of B7H1 and B7H4 in pancreatic cancer patients. Methods: Electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library) were searched for relevant articles published before May 2019. Meta-analyses were performed by pooling the hazard ratios (HRs) between overall survival or cancer-specific survival and high or low expression of B7H1/B7H4 in pancreatic cancer patients. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed, and sources of variabilities were explored by performing meta-regression. Results: Sixteen studies (1434 patients’ data) were included. Compared with low expression, high expression of B7H1 was associated with significantly poor overall survival (HR 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35, 2.74); P<0.001) and cancer-specific survival (HR 2.46 (95% CI 1.55, 3.90); P<0.001). High expression of B7H4 also predicted poor overall survival (HR 2.38 (95% CI 1.89, 3.00); P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, a significant association between B7H1 and overall survival was observed for trials conducted in China (HR 2.08 (95% CI 1.29, 3.34)) but not in Japan (HR 1.98 (95% CI 1.33, 2.96)); or in studies with <50% patients having high expression (HR 2.02 (95% CI 1.40, 2.91)) but not in studies with >50% patients with high expression (HR 1.40 (95% CI 0.87, 2.26)). Conclusion: The current study suggests that high B7H1 and B7H4 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.
Modeling Ketogenesis for Use in Pediatric Diabetes Simulation
Authors: Pinnaro Catherina , Christensen Gary E. , Curtis Vanessa 
Published: October 2019

Background: Simulation is being increasingly integrated into medical education. Diabetes simulation is well-received by trainees and has demonstrated improved clinical results, including reduced adult inpatient hyperglycemia. However, no pediatric-specific diabetes simulation programs exist for use in medical education. None of the existing diabetes models incorporate ketones as an input or an output, which is essential for use in teaching pediatric diabetes management. Methods: We created a pediatric diabetes simulation incorporating both blood sugar and urine ketones as output. Ketone output is implemented as a state variable but is obfuscated to simulate hospital experience. Blood sugar output is similar to other models and incorporates the current blood sugar, insulin on board (IOB) and carbohydrates on board (COB), and insulin and carbohydrate sensitivities. The program calculates all IOB and COB every 15 minutes based on user input and provides written summary feedback at the end of the simulation about inaccurate dosing and timing. Results: The simulation realistically incorporated both blood glucose and urine ketones in clinically valid and actionable formats. After completing this simulation, 16/17 pediatric residents indicated that they wanted more simulated diabetes cases integrated into their curriculum. Conclusion: Implementing simulation into pediatric diabetes education was feasible and well-received. More work is needed to further study the role of simulation in pediatric diabetes education when used adjunctively or in lieu of lectures when time or resources are limited.
Transcriptional Control of Memory T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Goldrath Ananda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) are optimally positioned at common sites of pathogen exposure, where they elicit rapid and robust antiviral immune responses. However, the molecular signals controlling tissue residency and homeostasis of TRM remain unclear. Exploiting a dual-screening platform integrating computational and RNAi in vivo screening approaches, we have identified transcriptional regulators of TRM differentiation. This strategy revealed numerous transcription factors with indispensable roles in TRM differentiation and homeostasis. Further, we show that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) share a core TRM transcriptional signature, and that these factors control TIL residency. These results provide novel insight into the biology of T cell residency, which could be leveraged to enhance vaccine efficacy or adoptive therapy treatments against cancer.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Kruppel-Like Factors in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Jain Mukesh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Armed with the appreciation that the blood and vascular system share common origins and cooperate to ensure fundamental processes (e.g. blood flow/fluidity, oxygen/nutrient delivery, immunity) essential for organismal survival, we posited that shared molecular pathways may be operative in coordinating the function of both systems. Over the past 2 decades, studies from our group and others have identified a family of transcription factors termed Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) as essential for development, differentiation, and function of cellular constituents of both the hematopoietic and vascular systems. In this presentation, discussion will focus on the role KLFs in control of endothelium and myeloid cell biology in physiology and disease. Specifically, cellular and in vivo evidence will be discussed implicating KLFs as master regulators of all cardinal endothelial functions (permeability, vasoreactivity, blood fluidity, and inflammation). Further, studies demonstrating KLF-control of myeloid cell development, subset specification, and pro-inflammatory activation will be reviewed with particular emphasis on results of efforts altering myeloid KLFs in the context of acute (e.g. bacterial infection, sepsis) and chronic (e.g. atherosclerosis, arterial/venous thrombosis) inflammatory processes. Correlative studies in human subjects will be presented. And finally, insights into how targeting KLFs can be exploited for therapeutic gain will be discussed.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Geographic Trends in Clinical Trials in Lymphoma, 1997-2017
Authors: Oren Ohad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
In order to fulfil their medical and academic mission, clinical trials have to be available to the very populations they are intended to serve. A broad and homogenous geographic distribution is thus paramount to ensure patient fairness as well as to allow optimal generalizability of trial results to real-world populations. We aimed to investigate trends in the geographic distribution of clinical trials in lymphoma performed over the past 2 decades.
Methods
We systematically searched the Clinicaltrials.gov registry for phase 3 and 4 clinical trials in lymphoma conducted between 01/01/1997 and 12/31/2017. We divided the time period into two intervals and analysed the geographic distribution of trials during these time periods. The Gini coefficient, a statistical measure of inequality ranging from 0 (equal distribution) to 1 (most unequal distribution), was calculated for each period.
Results
We found 633 clinical trials in lymphoma conducted between 1997 and 2017 globally. 284 and 349 trials were performed in the 1997-2007 and 2008-2017 time periods, respectively. 127 (50%) and 138 (39.5%) of the trials were done in the US. Hodgkin Lymphoma accounted for 55 (19.3%) and 42 (12.0%) studies in the two time periods. CA, TX, IL and NY were consistently in the upper one-fifth of trial-abundant states (each accounting for 3.5-4.5% of all trials). AK, WY, MT and RI were consistently in the lower one-fifth of trial-abundant states (each accounting for 0.13-0.84% of trials). The trial participation of NY and AK mildly increased during the time period while that of TX and RI decreased. In each of the time periods, the 12 most trial-intense states accounted for 41.5% of all investigations. The 12 least trial-intense states were responsible for 8.8% of all the trials. The extent of geographic inequality increased over the years with the Gini coefficient rising from 0.246 to 0.3 between the first and second study period. The geographical pattern of state-specific trial intensity was strongly mitigated after adjusting for each state's population size.
Conclusions
The geographic distribution of clinical trials in lymphoma in the U.S is not uniform. Our data suggests that the trend of geographic mal-distribution is worsening, a phenomenon that may lead to deleterious public health outcomes. As patients' enrolment continues to be linked to geographic factors, patients' ability to enter clinical trials may be limited and the representation of real-world participants may be skewed (towards particular zip codes, socio-economical status and education levels, etc), consequently affecting the yield and generalizability of clinical trials. Innovative solutions must be devised to minimise any barriers to trial participation for suitable patients.

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.