bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of H2O2 in Near‐Neutral Zn‐air Batteries Enables Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kapaev Roman R. , Leifer Nicole , Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Ohayon Amit , Wu Langyuan , Shalom Menny , Noked Malachi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRechargeable Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) with near‐neutral electrolytes hold promise as cheap, safe and sustainable devices, but they suffer from slow charge kinetics and remain poorly studied. Here we reveal a charge storage mechanism of near‐neutral Zn‐air batteries that is mediated by formation of dissolved hydrogen peroxide upon cell discharge and its oxidation upon charge. This H2O2‐mediated pathway facilitates oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at ~1.5 V vs. Zn2+/Zn, reducing charge overpotentials by ~0.2–0.5 V and mitigating carbon corrosion—a common issue in ZABs. The manifestation of this mechanism strongly depends on the electrolyte composition and positive electrode material, contributing up to ~60 % of the capacity with ZnSO4 solutions and carbon nanotubes. Enhancing the H2O2‐mediated pathway offers a route to higher energy efficiency and durability in near‐neutral ZABs, advancing practical, sustainable energy storage.
Unlocking the Ultrafast Deposition Kinetics within Bi‐Tailored Core‐Shell Structured Carbon Nanofibers for Highly Efficient and Ultrastable Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yuan Menghuan , Wang Hui , Xu Tingting , Chu Ningning , Kong Dezhi , Zeng Longhui , Wang Ye , Bai Xuedong , Seok Park Ho 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSodium metal anodes (SMA), featuring high energy content, low electrochemical potential and easy availability, are a compelling option for sustainable energy storage. However, notorious sodium dendrite and unstable solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) have largely retarded their widespread implantation. Herein, porous amorphous carbon nanofiber embedded with Bi nanoparticles in nanopores (Bi@NC) was rationally designed as a 3D host for SMA. In situ and ex situ characterizations, along with theoretical simulations unlock that the in‐situ formed Na−Bi alloy significantly accelerates sodium metal nucleation and sodium ion diffusion kinetics, enabling uniform sodium plating within the void spaces and a stable SEI outside the carbon nanofiber. Particularly, the Bi@NC electrode achieved a high coulombic efficiency of 99.99 % at 3 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2 in half‐cell tests, a cycle life of 1000 hours at 5 mA cm−2 and 10 mAh cm−2, and sustained performance over 600 cycles under harsh conditions under 30 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2 within symmetrical cells. The full battery assembled with a Na3V2(PO4)3@C cathode and Bi@NC anode delivered long‐term cyclability over 800 cycles, demonstrating its potential for flexible application of sodium‐based energy storage systems. This work highlights the Bi@NC electrode as a promising candidate for high‐performance and flexible sodium metal batteries.
Doping Copper(I) in Ag7 Cluster for Circularly Polarized OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiency of 26.7 %
Authors: Ding Xu‐Yang , Shi Lin‐Xi , Wang Jin‐Yun , Xu Liang‐Jin , Zhang Li‐Yi , Chen Zhong‐Ning 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHetero‐metal doping or substitution to create alloy clusters is a highly appealing strategy for improving physicochemical characteristics as well as tailoring optical and electronic properties, although high‐yield synthesis of alloy clusters with precise positioning of doped metals is a daunting challenge. Herein, we manifest rational synthesis of chiral alloy cluster enantiomers R/S‐Ag6Cu in 85 %–87 % yield by replacing one Ag(I) atom with Cu(I) in homometallic clusters R/S‐Ag7, achieving circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) with a quantum yield beyond 90 %. As a small energy gap (ca. 0.07 eV) between S1 and T1 states facilitates thermally activated delay fluorescence (TADF) through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), the photoluminescence (PL) of R/S‐Ag7 and R/S‐Ag6Cu at ambient temperature originates mostly from TADF (85 % and 86 %) in place of phosphorescence (15 % and 14 %). Relative to those of R/S‐Ag7, copper(I) doping not only triples PL quantum yields of R/S‐Ag6Cu due to accelerating ISC (intersystem crossing) and RISC, but also doubles CPL asymmetry factors of R/S‐Ag6Cu ascribed to rigidizing cluster structure through stronger Ag−Cu interaction apart from dramatically improving thermodynamic stability. Solution‐processable circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) demonstrate high‐efficiency circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) with external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 26.7 %, which is superior to most of red‐emitting OLEDs through solution process.
Preparation of PBAT/PLA Blend Microporous Foam With Excellent Resilience and Cushioning Properties by scCO2 Technology Through Improving Compatibility
Authors: Yang Qifan , Ding Yi , Liu Haiming , Li Shuhong , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe lightweight microcellular foams of polybutylene adipate terephthalate/polylactic acid (PBAT/PLA) with high mechanical strength and excellent resilience and buffering properties were reported using supercritical CO2 foaming technology. The effects of an epoxy chain extender (ST‐CE37B) on the mechanical properties, rheological properties, and dispersion morphology of PBAT/PLA blends were studied. The results showed that ST‐CE37B can act as compatibilizers and the PBAT/PLA blend with 0.5 phr ST‐CE37B exhibited the highest tensile strength (22 MPa). The PBAT/PLA foam with 0.7 phr ST‐CE37B, expansion ratio of 8.0 displayed the minor cell diameter (19.3 μm) and highest cell density (5.44 × 107 cells/cm3), the compressive strength was greater than that of pure PBAT/PLA foam, and the permanent strain was less than 15%. Therefore, compared with other foams, it can withstand larger stress according to the cushioning performance. In addition, this work also discussed the compression rebound performance (resilience) test of foam with the same blending sample, the same cell density, and different cell structures. It was found that foam with a larger cell size (49.2 μ m) showed lower permanent deformation and energy loss coefficient. This study provides a feasible method for preparing high microporous PBAT/PLA foam, expands the application range of biodegradable foam, and has research significance.
Design and Study of Azobenzene‐Modified AESO Photopolymerization Coating for Information Reversible Storage Performance
Authors: Huang Yuhang , Zhu Yingkang , Cao Lijun , Jing Yidan , Xu Zhigang , Tang Guochu , Shu You , Liu Xiaoqing , Zhang Xiaomin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe photo‐induced cis‐trans isomerization of azobenzene molecules, known for their significant color changes, is extensively utilized in the functional modification of polymeric materials. However, the research on the functionalization of biomass‐based polyesters with azobenzene is limited. A key raw material for biomass‐based coatings possess reactive double bonds and excellent film‐forming capabilities, offering significant advantages for azobenzene functionalization in biomass‐based polyester applications. In this study, AESO served as the polyester matrix and acrylate azobenzene derivatives as the functional molecules. Under ultraviolet radiation, AESO underwent a carbon–carbon crosslinking reaction with the azobenzene derivatives to synthesize a novel resin. The coating of this resin on a PET substrate exhibited excellent pencil hardness (3B), adhesion (5B), and solvent resistance. By alternating exposure to ultraviolet and blue light, the coating displayed reversible switching between cis and trans isomers, enabling reversible writing and erasing of patterns. Even after 20 cycles of writing and erasing, high‐resolution patterns could still be observed (clearly visible under a 12x microscope). Furthermore, the image could be retained for up to 2 h under sunlight irradiation. This study presents a new method for functionalizing biobased polyesters.
Bio‐Inspired Graded and Uniform Cylindrical Lattices Fabricated by Material Extrusion 3D Printing: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation
Authors: Oymak Mehmet Akif , Bahce Erkan , Singh Gurminder 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe main requirements of the biomedical and aerospace industries are new and innovative lightweight materials. Bio‐inspired structures, which are inspired by various biological designs, have demonstrated notable advancements over traditional lightweight structures. In this study, bioinspired uniform and graded cylindrical triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) and strut‐based lattice structures were studied for their mechanical qualities and energy absorption capacities fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing using PLA material. It was found that the cylindrical TPMS diamond lattice achieved maximum stress of 78.5 MPa and absorbed 19.14 MJ/m3 of energy, outperforming strut‐based designs with a 48% higher energy absorption than cylindrical BCC lattice structure. Graded designs further improve energy absorption through a better stress distribution. The findings validated the Gibson–Ashby model, highlighting the enhanced load distribution and stress transfer in the strut‐based and TPMS diamond structures. The finite element (FE) model results closely matched the experimental data, confirming its predictive reliability with a maximum error of energy absorption of 7.7%, elastic modulus of 6.9%, and plateau stress of 4.7%. These insights underscore the superior energy absorption and mechanical stability of cylindrical TPMS diamond lattices, indicating their potential for satisfying stringent industrial and technical performance requirements. The novelty of these designs lies in their bioinspired structures and significant enhancements in mechanical performance and energy absorption. Future research should build on these results to design efficient materials tailored to specific needs using FE models to optimize development processes before experimental testing.
A Practical and Metal‐Free Approach Towards Synthesis of Spiro‐Benzazepinoindole Derivatives via Pentafluorophenol Catalyzed Pictet‐Spengler Reaction**
Authors: Bansal Diksha , Nataraj Gokulprasanth , Elanchezhian Chibisree , Sivaganesan Pooja , Das Mrinal Kanti , Chaudhuri Saikat 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe efficient pentaflurophenol‐catalyzed Pictet‐Spengler cyclization was carried out which led to the formation of spirobenzazepinoindole. This article examines the methods and modifications of Pictet‐Spengler cyclization in the synthesis of intricate organic compounds, emphasizing its significance in drug discovery and development. This reaction generally entails the condensation of an amine with an aldehyde or ketone, succeeded by an intramolecular cyclization step catalyzed by pentafluorophenol, an alternate for metal‐mediated catalysts due to its facile characteristics which render it an invaluable asset in organic synthesis and catalysis. Spectroscopic methods like NMR (1H, 13C & DEPT‐135), IR, and mass spectrometry were used to comprehensively analyze the produced spirobenzazepinoindoles. This method signifies the synthesizing spirobenzazepinoindole enhances efficiency, selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness while enabling access to novel compounds with potential pharmacological applications.
Molecular Ontology of the Nucleus of Solitary Tract
Authors: Gasparini Silvia , Almeida‐Pereira Gislaine , Munuzuri Ana Sofia Peraza , Resch Jon M. , Geerling Joel C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) receives visceral information and regulates appetitive, digestive, and cardiorespiratory systems. Within the NTS, diverse processes operate in parallel to sustain life, but our understanding of their cellular composition is incomplete. Here, we integrate histologic and transcriptomic analysis to identify and compare molecular features that distinguish neurons in this brain region. Most glutamatergic neurons in the NTS and area postrema co‐express the transcription factors Lmx1b and Phox2b, except for a ventral band of neurons in the far‐caudal NTS, which include the Gcg‐expressing neurons that produce glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1). GABAergic interneurons intermingle through the Lmx1b+Phox2b macropopulation, and dense clusters of GABAergic neurons surround the NTS. The Lmx1b+Phox2b macropopulation includes subpopulations with distinct distributions expressing Grp, Hsd11b2, Npff, Pdyn, Pou3f1, Sctr, Th, and other markers. These findings highlight Lmx1b–Phox2b co‐expression as a common feature of glutamatergic neurons in the NTS and improve our understanding of the organization and distribution of neurons in this critical brain region.
The Influence Mechanism of Screw Internal Fixation on the Biomechanics of Lateral Malleolus Oblique Fractures
Authors: Shi Xinyuan , Wang Shuanzhu , Gong Yongzhi , Gu Shibo , Feng Haiquan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIt remains inconclusive about the stability and optimal fixation scheme of screw internal fixation for lateral malleolus oblique fractures in clinical practice. In this study, the effects of different screw internal fixation methods on the biomechanics of lateral malleolus oblique fractures were investigated. These efforts are expected to lay a theoretical foundation for the selection of internal fixation methods and rehabilitation training regimens in the treatment of lateral malleolus fractures. A healthy ankle joint model and a lateral malleolus fracture internal fixation model were established based on CT data with the aid of some software. Besides, the effects of screw internal fixation modalities on the fracture displacement of fibula fractures, fibula Von Mises stress, and screw Von Mises stress under different physiological conditions and loading conditions were investigated using finite element methods (FEMs) and in vitro physical experiments. The double screw vertical fibular axis internal fixation approach had the lowest fracture displacement of fibula fractures and screw Von Mises stress values; while the double screw vertical fracture line internal fixation approach had the lowest fibula Von Mises stress values. Under different physiological conditions, the magnitude of the peak Von Mises stress of the fibula and screw was ranked as plantarflexion 20° > plantarflexion 10° > neutral position > dorsiflexion 10° > dorsiflexion 20°; and the magnitude of the peak displacement of the fibula fracture breaks was ranked as plantarflexion 20° > plantarflexion 10° > neutral position > dorsiflexion 20° > dorsiflexion 10°. The results of in vitro physical experiments and finite element analyses were in good agreement, which validated the validity of finite element analyses. The vertical fracture line screw implantation method displays a better load‐sharing ability; while the vertical fibular axis screw implantation method exhibits a better ability to prevent axial shortening of the fibula and also reduces the risk of screw fatigue damage. Overall, the double screw achieves better therapeutic effects than the single screw. Given that the ankle joint has high stability in the dorsiflexion position, it is recommended to prioritize dorsiflexion rehabilitation training, rather than dorsiflexion and plantarflexion rehabilitation training with too large angles, in the treatment of lateral malleolus fractures.
Effects of 5 Nanosilica Concentrations and Humid Environments at 6 Different pH Levels on Fracture Toughness and Moisture Absorption of Dental Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin‎ Reinforced With Silica Nanoparticles: An Explorative Experimental Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Golshokouh Mohammad Ali , Refahati Nima , Saffari Pouyan Roodgar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionNo study has assessed the effects of nanosilica within polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin and environmental pH on resin's fracture resistance and moisture absorption.MethodsA total of 90 specimens were divided into 30 subgroups of three, as per the ASTM D5045 standard: five groups of nanosilica percentages (0%/2%/5%/7%/10%), each ‎divided into six subgroups of pH levels (pH = 5/6/7/8/9, + “dry” control). The specimens were prepared by mixing silica nanoparticles with PMMA powder in a vacuum mixer. Then, the specimens were mixed with a diluent liquid (TEGDMA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. For each of the five weight percentages, 36 samples were produced. The 18 specimens in each group were randomly divided into six subgroups of pH levels. The specimens were kept in containers of liquid at different pH levels at room temperature for 1 week. Their before‐ and after‐storage weights were recorded to calculate moisture absorption. The fracture resistance test was performed (ASTM D5045 standard) using the three‐point bending method. Scanning electron microscopy was performed. Data were analyzed.ResultsBoth nanosilica extents and pH levels significantly affected the fracture toughness with a significant interaction (p < ‎‎0.00001). All post hoc comparisons of different pH levels (except pH= 5 vs. 6) were significant (p < ‎‎0.0001). All post hoc comparisons of different nanosilica concentrations were significant (p < ‎‎0.0001). Both nanosilica extents and pH levels significantly influenced the fracture toughness with a significant interaction (p < ‎‎0.00001). All post hoc comparisons of different pH levels and also between different nanosilica concentrations were significant (p < ‎‎0.0001). The correlation between moisture absorption and fracture toughness was significant (R = −0.382, p = 0.0009).ConclusionsFracture toughness decreases when placed in humid and acidic environments. Also, the samples that were placed in a humid environment suffered a brittle fracture. Increasing silica nanoparticles improved fracture toughness (becoming optimal at 5 wt% nanosilica).Objective and MaterialsThe objective of this study was to investigate the fracture toughness of dental samples made of PMMA reinforced with various percentages of nanosilica at various pH levels. For this purpose, dental resins with various amounts of nanosilica were placed in moist media at different pH values ranging from 5 to 9 (mimicking the normal pH range of the human mouth).
Corticostriatal glutamate‐mediated dynamic therapeutic efficacy of electroacupuncture in a parkinsonian rat model
Authors: Jiang Xinxin , Sun Min , Yan Yitong , Wang Yanhua , Fan Xinyu , Wei Jing , Wang Ke , Liang Peirong , Wang Zirui , Wang Jihan , Wang Xiaomin , Jia Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotor impairments are the defining cardinal features of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting from malfunction of the cortico‐basal ganglia circuit. Clinical data have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation may benefit motor symptoms in PD without adverse effects. However, the specific effects of EA on PD and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of EA stimulation during and after 100 Hz application in a rat model of PD created by unilateral injection of 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA). To establish optimal treatment parameters of EA, motor behaviours were dynamically assessed using open field and rotarod tests. Additionally, we evaluated corticostriatal spine plasticity using immunoelectron microscopy and measured the levels of dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitters through microdialysis, in vivo electrochemistry and high‐performance liquid chromatography. Neural activity dynamics were recorded by measuring local field potentials in both the motor cortex and the striatum. Furthermore, chemogenetic techniques were employed to manipulate corticostriatal glutamatergic neurons and clarify the mechanisms that contribute to the therapeutic benefits of EA in the PD rat model.ResultsChronic EA stimulation resulted in a gradual and long‐lasting alleviation of motor symptoms, independent of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) restoration. Notably, EA stimulation modulated corticostriatal spine plasticity and reduced excessive glutamate transmission in PD model rats. Moreover, EA effectively inhibited aberrant corticostriatal synchronised high‐beta (25–40 Hz) oscillations, which serves as a pathological biomarker of PD. Conversely, chronic chemogenetic activation of corticostriatal glutamatergic neurons hindered these positive outcomes of EA treatment in PD model rats.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on the temporal dynamics and optimal parameters of EA treatment in PD. It emphasises the significance of inhibiting corticostriatal glutamate transmission in EA's therapeutic benefits for PD. Targeting glutamatergic neurons with EA holds promise as a non‐dopaminergic intervention for managing motor symptoms and abnormal neural activity with PD.Key points
EA commonly protects dopaminergic neuronsby reducing neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
New findings reveal that EA alleviates motor symptoms in a parkinsonian rat model without restoring striatal dopamine levels.
EA effectively suppresses excessiveglutamate transmission and high‐beta synchronization, contributing to motorsymptom relief.
Activation of corticostriatalglutamatergic projections may hinder the efficacy of EA.
Pauses in the Dynamics of Handwriting Production: Evidence of Persistent Difficulties in French Students With Dyslexia
Authors: Mazur Audrey , Quignard Matthieu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the persistent difficulties of people with dyslexia concerning writing, few studies examine the impact of dyslexia on the dynamic aspects of written text production. Our objective is to examine the written productions of students with dyslexia (N = 21), compared with matched control students (N = 22), taking into consideration online indicators. They were asked to produce spontaneous narrative and expository texts. The written texts (N = 86) were collected using the Eye and Pen software with digitising tablets. Results show significant differences between the two groups concerning bursts and some pause locations and durations. While previous works conclude that the spelling difficulties of university students do not impact the transcription process anymore, which means that they no longer have effects on the dynamics of writing, and thus on writing fluency, our study qualifies these conclusions. Indeed, our results show that students with dyslexia's word transcription is atypical and problematic in terms of online indicators: they display shorter bursts (number of units written without a pause) and make longer pauses, especially inside and before words and before punctuation signs. The way in which they allocate cognitive resources is still partially altered by cognitive obstacles; their transcription process is also slowed down and disorganises other high‐level cognitive operations.