bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ CVD Derived Co–N–C Composite as Highly Efficient Cathode for Flexible Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Yang Zhen‐Dong , Yang Xiao‐Yang , Liu Tong , Chang Zhi‐Wen , Yin Yan‐Bin , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo promote the development of high energy Li–O2 batteries, it is important to design and construct a suitable and effective oxygen‐breathing cathode. Herein, activated cobalt‐nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube/carbon nanofiber composites (Co‐N‐CNT/CNF) as the effective cathodes for Li–O2 batteries are prepared by in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The unique architecture of these electrodes facilitates the rapid oxygen diffusion and electrolyte penetration. Meanwhile, the nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube/carbon nanofiber (N‐CNT/CNF) and Co/CoNx serve as reaction sites to promote the formation/decomposition of discharge product. Li–O2 batteries with Co‐N‐CNT/CNF cathodes exhibit superior electrochemical performance in terms of a positive discharge plateau (2.81 V) and a low charge overpotential (0.61 V). Besides, Li–O2 batteries also present a high discharge capacity (11512.4 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1), and a long cycle life (130 cycles). Meanwhile, the Co‐N‐CNT/CNF cathode also has an excellent flexibility, thus the assembled flexible battery with Co‐N‐CNT/CNF can work normally and hold a wonderful capacity rate under various bending conditions.
Controlling Nucleation in Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Guan Xuze , Wang Aoxuan , Liu Shan , Li Guojie , Liang Feng , Yang Ying‐Wei , Liu Xingjiang , Luo Jiayan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRechargeable batteries are regarded as the most promising candidates for practical applications in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. In recent decades, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been extensively studied due to their ultrahigh energy densities. However, short lifespan and poor safety caused by uncontrollable dendrite growth hinder their commercial applications. Besides, a clear understanding of Li nucleation and growth has not yet been obtained. In this Review, the failure mechanisms of Li metal anodes are ascribed to high reactivity of lithium, virtually infinite volume changes, and notorious dendrite growth. The principles of Li deposition nucleation and early dendrite growth are discussed and summarized. Correspondingly, four rational strategies of controlling nucleation are proposed to guide Li nucleation and growth. Finally, perspectives for understanding the Li metal deposition process and realizing safe and high‐energy rechargeable LMBs are given.
A Hierarchical 3D Nanostructured Microfluidic Device for Sensitive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Jalali Mahsa , AbdelFatah Tamer , Mahshid Sahar Sadat , Labib Mahmoud , Sudalaiyadum Perumal Ayyappasamy , Mahshid Sara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient capture and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria from body fluids lead to early diagnostics of bacterial infections and significantly enhance the survival rate. We propose a universal nano/microfluidic device integrated with a 3D nanostructured detection platform for sensitive and quantifiable detection of pathogenic bacteria. Surface characterization of the nanostructured detection platform confirms a uniform distribution of hierarchical 3D nano‐/microisland (NMI) structures with spatial orientation and nanorough protrusions. The hierarchical 3D NMI is the unique characteristic of the integrated device, which enables enhanced capture and quantifiable detection of bacteria via both a probe‐free and immunoaffinity detection method. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate probe‐free capture of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and immunocapture of methicillin‐resistant‐Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our device demonstrates a linear range between 50 and 104 CFU mL−1, with average efficiency of 93% and 85% for probe‐free detection of E. coli and immunoaffinity detection of MRSA, respectively. It is successfully demonstrated that the spatial orientation of 3D NMIs contributes in quantifiable detection of fluorescently labeled bacteria, while the nanorough protrusions contribute in probe‐free capture of bacteria. The ease of fabrication, integration, and implementation can inspire future point‐of‐care devices based on nanomaterial interfaces for sensitive and high‐throughput optical detection.
Aggregated inference
Authors: Huo Xiaoming , Cao Shanshan 
Published: July 2018

Aggregated inference on distributed data becomes more and more important due to the larger size of data collected in different industries. Modeling and inference are needed in the case where data cannot be obtained at a central location; aggregated statistical inference is a major tool to solve the aforementioned problems. In the literature, problems under the setting of regression model (more generally, M‐estimator) are extensively studied. There are at least two popular techniques for distributed estimation: (a) averaging estimators from local locations and (b) the one‐step approach, which combines the simple averaging estimator with a classical Newton's method (using the local Hessian matrices) to generate a “one‐step” estimator. It is proved that under certain assumptions, the above constructed estimators enjoy the same asymptotic properties as the centralized estimator, which is obtained as if all data were available at a central location. We review the aforementioned two major estimations. It can be seen that, in Big‐Data problems, dividing the data to multiple machines and then using the aggregation technique to solve the estimation problem in parallel can speed up the computation with little compromise of the quality of the estimators. We discuss potential extensions to other models, such as support vector machine, principle component analysis, and so on. Numerical examples are omitted due to the space limitation; they can be easily found in the literature.This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Knowledge Discovery
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Statistical Models > Fitting Models
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Modeling Methods and Algorithms
Eyebrow semantic description via clustering based on Axiomatic Fuzzy Set
Authors: Li Danyang , Ren Yan , Du Tao , Liu Wanquan 
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we aim to extract the eyebrow semantic descriptors based on the Axiomatic Fuzzy Set (AFS) theory. First, we normalize the image of the eyebrows and automatically mark it by using a recently proposed facial landmarks detector. Second, a recent clustering algorithm based on AFS theory for eyes semantics abstraction is used to cluster these detected eyebrow landmarks and give semantic descriptors for each eyebrow. Finally, BU‐4DFE and Multi‐PIE databases are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the eyebrow descriptions with different expressions and similar expressions are investigated and we show that the semantic descriptors are closely related to expressions. The experimental results show that the eyebrow semantic concepts obtained by the AFS clustering algorithm are better than the results produced by the traditional clustering methods (k‐means and FCM) in terms of consistency for different expressions.This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Effect of Processing Parameters and Shape of Blade on the Solidification of Single-Crystal CMSX-4 Ni-Based Superalloy
Authors: Szeliga Dariusz 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The effect of mold withdrawal velocity, heater and pouring temperatures and the thickness of blade root on the solidification parameters and shape of the liquidus isotherm as well as microstructure of single-crystal CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy, manufactured by the Bridgman method, has been analyzed in the article. The temperature gradient G, solidification rate v and location of the liquidus isotherm were determined in relation to the radiation baffle on the basis of temperature measurements conducted in nine test points along the height of castings (140 mm) with different thicknesses of root (27, 15 and 7 mm) and withdrawal velocities of 3 and 5 mm/min. The increase of root thickness, relative to the airfoil, resulted in the rise of inhomogeneity of solidification parameters as well as the primary dendrite arm spacing and unsteady state solidification along the whole blade height. However, in the case of blade with constant thickness, the steady-state solidification was created at the distance of 65 to 130 mm from its base. The increase of mold withdrawal velocity caused the decrease of temperature gradient. However, the solidification rate was different from the mold withdrawal velocity, especially in the root and middle part of the airfoil. The increase of heater temperature resulted in a rise of temperature gradient and reduction of the curvature of the liquidus isotherm, whereas the pouring temperature did not affect the solidification parameters in the blade. Particularly unfavorable conditions of the solidification process could occur in the middle part of the airfoil and root because of the lowest value of G/v and the largest primary dendrite arm spacing.
Comprehensive simulation of metagenomic sequencing data with non‐uniform sampling distribution
Authors: Liu Shansong , Hua Kui , Chen Sijie , Zhang Xuegong 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundMetagenomic sequencing is a complex sampling procedure from unknown mixtures of many genomes. Having metagenome data with known genome compositions is essential for both benchmarking bioinformatics software and for investigating influences of various factors on the data. Compared to data from real microbiome samples or from defined microbial mock community, simulated data with proper computational models are better for the purpose as they provide more flexibility for controlling multiple factors.MethodsWe developed a non‐uniform metagenomic sequencing simulation system (nuMetaSim) that is capable of mimicking various factors in real metagenomic sequencing to reflect multiple properties of real data with customizable parameter settings.ResultsWe generated 9 comprehensive metagenomic datasets with different composition complexity from of 203 bacterial genomes and 2 archaeal genomes related with human intestine system.ConclusionThe data can serve as benchmarks for comparing performance of different methods at different situations, and the software package allows users to generate simulation data that can better reflect the specific properties in their scenarios.
The 2018 Revision to the Process of Care Model for Management of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Giraldi Annamaria , Hackett Geoff , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Rubio-Aurioles Eusebio , Trost Landon , Hassan Tarek A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition the treatment of which over the years has expanded from specialty care settings to various other clinical settings. A Process of Care Model was developed in 1999 to provide primary care physicians with guidance in the diagnosis and management of ED.AimThis update to the Process of Care Model aims to reflect current ED management practices, because the study of ED has changed since 1999.MethodsUpdates to the Process of Care Model were developed during a meeting of international experts from diverse disciplines. The updated model is data-driven, evidence-based, and relevant to a wide range of healthcare providers.Main Outcome MeasuresThis article summarizes the results of the expert meeting and focuses on ED management. The evaluation of ED is discussed in a separate article.ResultsThe updated model presents modification of risk factors and correction of comorbidities frequently associated with ED as critical parts of patient management. Patients should be encouraged to make positive lifestyle changes such as improving diet and increasing physical exercise. Lifestyle changes may be accompanied by the first-line medical therapies of sexual counseling and therapy, which takes into consideration patient sexual dynamics and pharmacotherapy with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is).Clinical ImplicationsThe updated model provides guidance regarding risk factors associated with ED, their modification, sexual counseling, and PDE5I selection, dosing, and patient education.Strengths and LimitationsThis update leverages the extensive clinical expertise and experience of the authors to provide updated, comprehensive guidance for ED management. The model reflects the views and experiences of a limited number of contributors; however, these authors draw upon a diverse array of clinical specialties and are regarded as experts in their fields. Additionally, no meta-analyses were performed to further support the ED evaluation guidelines presented.ConclusionEffective management of ED may be achieved through a combination of patient risk factor modification and first-line therapy, taking into consideration any patient comorbidities known to be associated with ED. Treatment goals should be individualized to restore sexual satisfaction to the patient and/or couple and improve quality of life based on the patient’s expressed needs and desires.
Extracorporeal Transseptal Penile Prosthesis Implantation for Extreme Cases of Corporeal Fibrosis: Shaeer Implantation Technique
Authors: Shaeer Osama , Shaeer Kamal 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Penile prosthesis implantation into scarred corporeal bodies is one of the most challenging procedures in prosthetic urologic surgery, especially following infection and extrusion of a penile implant. Several instruments and techniques have been used for making dilatation of scarred corporeal bodies easier and safer in expert hands. Nevertheless, in some cases, implantation is not possible.

Aim
This work presents extracorporeal transseptal implantation as a last resort in such cases.

Methods
In 39 patients with extensive corporeal fibrosis, penile prosthesis implantation is attempted. After failure of alternative techniques, extracorporeal implantation is resorted to in 10 patients. The corpus spongiosum is identified and protected. Diathermy knife is used to cut a longitudinal window into 1 corpus cavernosum, through the septum and into the contralateral corpus cavernosum. A single semirigid implant rod is inserted through the window at the base of the penis, halfway through. The 2 limbs of the rod are bent upward toward the glans, to assume a U shape. The limbs of the U are brought together at midshaft by a gathering suture passed through the corpora cavernosa and septum. The tips of the U are anchored under the glans.

Outcomes
Achievement of acceptable coital relationship.

Results
The procedure allowed acceptable coital relationship and concealment in 9/10 cases. In 1 case, infection occurred. Reimplantation with the same method was performed 6 months later, and the implant survived adequately. Perforation, migration, and urethral injury were not encountered.

Clinical Implications
This technique may help salvage abandoned cases with corporal fibrosis, particularly when the necessary expertise for alternative techniques is unavailable or when such techniques fail.

Strengths & Limitations
The technique presented is fairly straightforward and safe. However, the number of cases and duration of follow-up are limited.

Conclusion
Extracorporeal transseptal penile prosthesis implantation can salvage cases with severe corporeal fibrosis when all alternatives fail.
Impact of apolipoprotein E genotypes on vitamin E and memantine treatment outcomes in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Belitskaya‐Lévy Ilana , Dysken Maurice , Guarino Peter , Sano Mary , Asthana Sanjay , Vertrees Julia E. , Pallaki Muralidhar , Llorente Maria , Love Susan , Schellenberg Gerard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionBecause apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes are known risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), they have been measured in clinical trial participants to determine their effect on treatment outcome.MethodsWe determined APOE genotypes in a subset of subjects (N = 415) who participated in a randomized controlled trial of vitamin E and memantine in 613 veterans with mild‐to‐moderate AD.ResultsSimilar to the primary study, substudy participants receiving vitamin E also had slower functional decline than those receiving placebo. Overall, there was no difference in the rate of functional decline between APOE ε4 allele carriers and noncarriers. A significant interaction was observed between treatment and the APOE genotype on AD progression: ε4 carriers declined faster than noncarriers in the vitamin E plus memantine treatment arm.DiscussionAPOE genotypes may modulate AD treatment response and should be included in the design of future randomized controlled trials.
“The God of Time is Heritage of Mine”
Authors: Ripanti Francesco , Mariotti Samanta 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDuring the 2014 excavation campaign at Vignale an impressive late antique mosaic depicting Aion, the God of Time, was discovered. This artifact of 100 m2became a milestone for outreach activities; fund-raising, theatrical performances, and archaeological trekking sessions were tailored to this finding, in collaboration with local associations. The discovery of the mosaic consolidated the promotional lines followed for this project, on-site and off-site, capable of engaging different audiences. Taking into account the recent debate about emotion as an essential constituent of the heritage-making process, a preliminary analysis of these initiatives questions the existence and the development of an emotional connection between the public and the archaeological site. Since an emotional connection emerged, further analyses and studies need to specify the kinds of emotive connection that occur. Assessment of the emotional impact intrinsic to public outreach will provide clues to transforming the “intellectual” emotion of discovery into a shared and valuable emotion for the benefit of both the archaeological project and its stakeholders.
Why Are Heritage Interpreters Voiceless at the Trowel's Edge? A Plea for Rewriting the Archaeological Workflow
Authors: Perry Sara 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT“Heritage interpretation” is generally conceived as the development and presentation of knowledge about the past for public audiences. Most obviously evidenced in descriptive signs, guides, and related media installed on archaeological and cultural sites, heritage interpretation has more than a half century of theory and applied practice behind it, yet it continues to sit uncomfortably within the typical archaeological workflow. While the concept can be criticized on many fronts, of concern is the lack of recognition that it is of equal relevance to both nonexpert and expert audiences (as opposed to nonexpert audiences alone). Our profession appears to rest on an assumption that archaeologists do their own kind of interpretation—and, separately, nonexperts require a special approach that heritage interpreters must facilitate but that field specialists have no need for—or from which little obvious expert benefit can be derived. For this reason, it is rare to find heritage interpreters embedded in primary fieldwork teams. Here I call for a rethinking of the traditional workflow, with a view to integrating the heritage interpretation tool kit and heritage interpreters themselves into our basic field methodologies. Their direct involvement in disciplinary process from the outset has the potential to transform archaeological interpretation overall.
Stochastic nonzero-sum games: a new connection between singular control and optimal stopping
Authors: De Angelis Tiziano , Ferrari Giorgio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper we establish a new connection between a class of two-player nonzero-sum games of optimal stopping and certain two-player nonzero-sum games of singular control. We show that whenever a Nash equilibrium in the game of stopping is attained by hitting times at two separate boundaries, then such boundaries also trigger a Nash equilibrium in the game of singular control. Moreover, a differential link between the players' value functions holds across the two games.
Kesten's bound for subexponential densities on the real line and its multi-dimensional analogues
Authors: Finkelshtein Dmitri , Tkachov Pasha 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study the tail asymptotic of subexponential probability densities on the real line. Namely, we show that the n-fold convolution of a subexponential probability density on the real line is asymptotically equivalent to this density multiplied by n. We prove Kesten's bound, which gives a uniform in n estimate of the n-fold convolution by the tail of the density. We also introduce a class of regular subexponential functions and use it to find an analogue of Kesten's bound for functions on ℝd. The results are applied to the study of the fundamental solution to a nonlocal heat equation.
Uniqueness for measure-valued equations of nonlinear filtering for stochastic dynamical systems with Lévy noise
Authors: Qiao Huijie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the paper we study the Zakai and Kushner–Stratonovich equations of the nonlinear filtering problem for a non-Gaussian signal-observation system. Moreover, we prove that under some general assumption, the Zakai equation has pathwise uniqueness and uniqueness in joint law, and the Kushner–Stratonovich equation is unique in joint law.
On Seneta–Heyde scaling for a stable branching random walk
Authors: He Hui , Liu Jingning , Zhang Mei 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We consider a discrete-time branching random walk in the boundary case, where the associated random walk is in the domain of attraction of an α-stable law with 1 < α < 2. We prove that the derivative martingale Dn converges to a nontrivial limit D∞ under some regular conditions. We also study the additive martingale Wn and prove that n1/αWn converges in probability to a constant multiple of D∞.
Local asymptotics for the area under the random walk excursion
Authors: Perfilev Elena , Wachtel Vitali 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study the tail behaviour of the distribution of the area under the positive excursion of a random walk which has negative drift and light-tailed increments. We determine the asymptotics for local probabilities for the area and prove a local central limit theorem for the duration of the excursion conditioned on the large values of its area.
Forward-reverse expectation-maximization algorithm for Markov chains: convergence and numerical analysis
Authors: Bayer Christian , Mai Hilmar , Schoenmakers John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe develop a forward-reverse expectation-maximization (FREM) algorithm for estimating parameters of a discrete-time Markov chain evolving through a certain measurable state-space. For the construction of the FREM method, we develop forward-reverse representations for Markov chains conditioned on a certain terminal state. We prove almost sure convergence of our algorithm for a Markov chain model with curved exponential family structure. On the numerical side, we carry out a complexity analysis of the forward-reverse algorithm by deriving its expected cost. Two application examples are discussed.
On the significands of uniform random variables
Authors: Berger Arno , Twelves Isaac 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For all α > 0 and real random variables X, we establish sharp bounds for the smallest and the largest deviation of αX from the logarithmic distribution also known as Benford's law. In the case of uniform X, the value of the smallest possible deviation is determined explicitly. Our elementary calculation puts into perspective the recurring claims that a random variable conforms to Benford's law, at least approximately, whenever it has large spread.