bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new insight on serum microRNA expression as novel biomarkers in breast cancer patients
Authors: Bahmanpour Zahra , Sheervalilou Roghayeh , Choupani Jalal , Shekari Khaniani Mahmoud , Montazeri Vahid , Mansoori Derakhshan Sima 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is one of the widespread lethal diseases affecting a large number of women worldwide. As such, employing and identifying significant markers for detecting BC in different stages can assist in better diagnosis and management of the disease. Several diverse markers have been introduced for diagnosis, but their limitations, including low specificity and sensitivity, reduce their application. microRNAs (miRNAs), as short noncoding RNAs, have been shown to significantly influence gene expression in different disease pathologies, especially BC. Clearly, among different samples used for detecting miRNA expressions, circulating miRNAs present as promising and useful biomarkers. Among different body fluid samples, serum serves as one of the most reliable samples, thanks to its high stability under various severe conditions and some unique features. Extensive research has suggested that BC‐related miRNAs can remain stable in the serum. The objective of this review is to describe different samples used for detecting miRNAs in BC subjects with emphasis on serum miRNAs. So, this study highlights serum miRNAs with the potential of acting as biomarkers for different stages of BC. We reviewed the possible correlation between potential miRNAs and the risk of early breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer, response to chemotherapy, and relapse.
The genetic association between osteoprotegerin gene polymorphisms and fracture risk in Chinese Han population
Authors: Wu Shuwen , Li Zhiyong , Zhang Jian , Rui Yanxiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article put the genetic association exploration of osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene polymorphisms in promoter region (A‐163G, T‐245G) and fracture risk first and hoped to explain the ethology of fracture. The genotyping of OPG gene polymorphisms was conducted with the method of polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism in 125 fracture patients and 138 relative controls. The genotype frequencies of selected controls based on OPG gene polymorphisms were checked by the χ2 test whether conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). The relative risk was represented with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between gene polymorphism and disease. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also analyzed. The genotypes distributions of selected controls in OPG polymorphisms conformed to HWE. The G allele of A‐163G polymorphism carriers had the tendency to suffer from fracture in the same condition, compared with A allele carriers (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04–2.55). TG and TG/GG genotypes of OPG T‐245G polymorphism also showed the increased risk of fracture development, but not TT genotype (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.15–4.28; OR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.28–4.68). Likely, the mutant allele G had an abnormally higher frequency in cases than controls (14.00% and 6.16%). These two polymorphisms existed the LD and the haplotype G
‐163–G
‐245 obviously increased the risk of fracture. OPG A‐163G, T‐245G polymorphisms were associated with the onset of fracture and both the independent risk factors.
Condensin II subunit NCAPH2 associates with shelterin protein TRF1 and is required for telomere stability
Authors: Wallace Heather A. , Rana Vibhuti , Nguyen Huy Q. , Bosco Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCondensin II subunits are known to be expressed and localized to interphase nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Although some studies have shown that condensin II likely exerts axial compaction forces, organizes chromosome territories, and has possible transcriptional modulatory functions, the full range of condensin II interphase activities are not known. In particular, it is not known if condensin II interphase activities are generally genome‐wide or if they have additional local activities unique to specific chromosomal structures such as telomeres. Here, we find that NCAPH2 interacts with TRF1 and these two proteins co‐localize at telomeres. Depletion of NCAPH2 leads to ATR‐dependent accumulation of 53BP1 and γH2AX DNA damage foci, including damage specific to telomeres. Furthermore, depletion of NCAPH2 results in a fragile telomere phenotype and apparent sister‐telomere fusions only days after NCAPH2 depletion. Taken together these observations suggest that NCAPH2 promotes telomere stability, possibly through a direct interaction with the TRF1 shelterin component, and prevents telomere dysfunction resulting from impaired DNA replication. Because proper telomere function is essential for chromosome integrity these observations reveal a previously unappreciated function for NCAPH2 in ensuring genome and telomere stability.
H19/miR‐30a/C8orf4 axis modulates the adipogenic differentiation process in human adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Kun , Wu Yue , Yang Hao , Hong Pengyu , Fang Xiaodan , Hu Yanjia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) is a critical issue in many obesity‐related disorders. Cytidine‐cytidine‐adenosine‐adenosine‐thymidine (CCAAT) enhancer binding protein α (CEBP‐α) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ are two important lipogenic and adipogenic transcription factors and markers in adipogenic differentiation. Noncoding RNAs participate in adipogenic differentiation. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) H19 is related to multiple cellular differentiation, including adipogenic differentiation; however, its function and precise molecular mechanism in human ADSCs (hADSCs) adipogenic differentiation are unclear. microRNAs that were differentially expressed in adipogenic differentiation and could be targeted by H19 were screened and selected; the regulation and interaction between H19 and miR‐30a were verified. The interaction between miR‐30a and predicted downstream target C8orf4 was validated. The dynamic effects of H19 and miR‐30a on C8orf4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein and adipogenic differentiation were evaluated. miR‐30a negatively regulated H19 with each other through direct binding. As predicted by TargetScan and verified using luciferase reporter gene assays, miR‐30a directly bound to the 3′‐untranslated region of C8orf4 to inhibit its expression; H19 knockdown suppressed while miR‐30a inhibition promoted the mRNA expression and the protein levels of C8orf4 and adipogenic differentiation; the effect of H19 knockdown could be partially reversed by miR‐30a inhibition. The lncRNA H19 serves as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐30a to augment miR‐30a downstream target C8orf4, therefore modulating adipogenic differentiation in hADSCs. From the perspective of lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation, we provided a novel regulatory mechanism of hADSCs adipogenic differentiation.
RETRACTED: Melatonin attenuates TNF‐α‐mediated hepatocytes damage via inhibiting mitochondrial stress and activating the Akt‐Sirt3 signaling pathway
Authors: Song Jie , Lu Chang , Zhao Wei , Shao Xue 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of mitochondrial dysfunction and its molecular mechanism in inflammation‐induced acute liver failure (ALF) remain unknown. Despite the numerous studies performed to date, very few therapies are available for inflammation‐induced ALF. Therefore, our study is aimed to explore the regulatory effects of mitochondrial stress and the Akt‐Sirt3 pathway on the development of TNF‐α‐induced hepatocyte death and assess the therapeutic effects of melatonin on the damaged liver. Our results exhibited that TNF‐α treatment induced hepatocyte damage in vitro; the effect of which was dose‐dependently inhibited by melatonin. At the molecular level, TNF‐α‐treated hepatocytes expressed lower levels of Sirt3 and subsequently exhibited mitochondrial stress. Interestingly, melatonin treatment improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, reversed mitochondrial dynamics, and repressed mitochondrial apoptosis by reversing the decrease in Sirt3 expression after TNF‐α challenge. In addition, we found that melatonin‐regulated Sirt3 expression in a manner dependent on the Akt pathway. Blockade of the Akt pathway abolished the protective exerted by melatonin on mitochondria and hepatocyte under TNF‐α treatment. In conclusion, TNF‐α promotes hepatocyte apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial stress. However, melatonin significantly increases the activity of the Akt/Sirt3 axis and consequently maintains mitochondrial homeostasis, restoring hepatocyte viability in an inflammatory environment. Thus, the information compiled here might provide important perspectives for the use of melatonin in the clinic for preventive and therapeutic applications in patients with ALF based on its anti‐inflammatory and mitochondria‐protective effects.
Triacylglycerol Production in the Snow Algae Chlamydomonas nivalis under Different Nutrient Conditions
Authors: Liu Yu‐chi , Nakamura Yuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEukaryotic microalgae have been known for high competency in the accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG), a representative class of storage lipid. The snow algal species, Chlamydomonas nivalis, is a unique green eukaryotic microalga that can grow and survive in a wide range of temperatures. Although a few metabolomic studies of C. nivalis were conducted, no study has reported on TAG accumulation in C. nivalis. Herein, the present work aimed to investigate TAG production in C. nivalis under nutrient‐starved conditions at 22 °C. Compared to phosphorus starvation, C. nivalis under nitrogen starvation showed a less severe growth defect, greater capacity for TAG production, and simple acyl composition in TAG enriched with 18:1. These features suggest that C. nivalis may be a significant model species to investigate glycerolipid metabolism for basic and applied research.
Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Innervated and Denervated Adipose Tissue from Cafeteria Diet‐Fed Rats
Authors: Marques‐Oliveira Gleuber Henrique , Silva Thaís Marques , Valadares Helder Magno Silva , Raposo Helena Fonseca , Carolino Ruither de Oliveira Gomes , Garófalo Maria Antonieta Rissato , Anselmo‐Franci Janete Aparecida , do Carmo Kettelhut Isis , de Oliveira Helena Coutinho Franco , Chaves Valéria Ernestânia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOur previous studies show that cafeteria diet increases body adiposity, plasma insulin levels, and sympathetic activity to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) of Wistar rats, leading to rapid and progressive changes in the metabolic profile. The identification of suitable reference genes that are not affected by the experimental conditions is a critical step in accurate normalization of the reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), a commonly used assay to elucidate changes in the gene expression profile. In the present study, the effects of the cafeteria diet and sympathetic innervation on the gene expression of adrenoceptor beta 3 (Adrb3) from BAT and WAT were assessed using one of the most stable and one of the least stable genes as normalizers. Rats were fed the cafeteria diet and on the 17th day, interscapular BAT or retroperitoneal WAT was denervated and, 7 days after surgery, the contralateral innervated tissue was used as control. Ten reference genes were evaluated (18S, B2m, Actb, CypA, Gapdh, Hprt1, Rpl32, Tbp, Ubc, and Ywhaz) and ranked according to their stability using the following algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta threshold cycle (ΔC
t) method. According to the algorithms employed, the normalization of Adrb3 expression by the least stable genes produced opposite results compared with the most stable genes and literature data. In cafeteria and control diet‐fed rats, the three most stable genes were Hprt1, Tbp, and Rpl32 for interscapular BAT and Tbp, B2m, and Hprt1 for retroperitoneal WAT, while the least stable genes were 18S, Actb, and Gapdh for both tissues.
The dynamic ocean acidification manipulation experimental system: Separating carbonate variables and simulating natural variability in laboratory flow‐through experiments
Authors: Gimenez Iria , Waldbusser George G. , Langdon Chris J. , Hales Burke R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarbonate chemistry variables such as PCO2, pH, and mineral saturation state (Ω) are commonly thought of as covarying in open‐ocean settings but have decoupled over geologic time‐scales and among modern dynamic coastal margins and estuaries. Predicting responses of vulnerable coastal organisms to past, present, and future ocean acidification (OA) scenarios requires the empirical identification of organismal sensitivity thresholds to individual carbonate chemistry parameters. Conversely, most OA experiments involve chemistry manipulations that result in covariance of carbonate system variables. We developed the Dynamic Ocean Acidification Manipulation Experimental System (DOAMES)—a feed‐forward, flow‐through carbonate chemistry control system capable of decoupling PCO2, pH, or Ω by independently manipulating total alkalinity (TAlk) and total inorganic carbon (TCO2). DOAMES proof‐of‐concept can manipulate source seawater with stable or variable carbonate chemistry and produce experimental treatments with constant and dynamic carbonate chemistry regimes. The combination of dynamic input and output allows for offset treatments that impose a ΔPCO2 on naturally variable conditions. After overcoming several operational challenges, DOAMES is capable of simultaneously generating three different experimental treatments within 1% ± 1% of TCO2 and TAlk targets. The achieved precision and accuracy resulted in the successful decoupling of pH and ΩAr in five trials. We tested the viability of sensitive bivalve embryos raised in DOAMES‐manipulated seawater and found no difference in development when compared to the control, demonstrating DOAMES suitability for organismal studies. DOAMES provides a novel tool to evaluate organismal effects of exposure to decoupled carbonate system variables and to past, current, and future carbonate chemistry scenarios.
Persistent genital arousal disorder: Treatment by neurolysis of dorsal branch of pudendal nerve
Authors: Klifto Kevin , Dellon A. Lee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPersistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD) is a woman's perception that she is in a state of sexual arousal, without the ability of arousal to be satisfied by orgasm. It is the hypothesis of this study that PGAD results from a minimal degree of nerve compression of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve. If this is true, PGAD could be treated by neurolysis of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve.MethodsA retrospective chart review from 2010 through 2018, of those women having neurolysis of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve for PGAD. The main outcome measures were the pre‐operative and post‐operative changes in clitoral symptoms (arousal, numbness, pain).ResultsEight women included in this study were followed more than 26 weeks since surgery (mean = 65, range = 26–144 weeks). Seven of these women had the surgery bilaterally, and each of these had an excellent result, meaning elimination of the arousal symptoms, and the ability to resume normal sexual intercourse. The patient with unilateral decompression of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve was the only patient who had some, versus complete improvement in arousal symptoms. Of the seven women that had pain, six had complete relief and one had partial relief. No major surgical complications were observed.ConclusionThe relief of arousal symptoms by neurolysis of the dorsal nerve to the clitoris supports the hypothesis that PGAD is due to a minimal degree of compression of the dorsal branch of the pudendal nerve.
Spread‐spectrum magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Scheffler Klaus , Loktyushin Alexander , Bause Jonas , Aghaeifar Ali , Steffen Theodor , Schölkopf Bernhard 
Published: April 2019

PurposeA novel method for the acceleration of MRI acquisition is proposed that relies on the local modulation of magnetic fields. These local modulations provide additional spatial information for image reconstruction that is used to accelerate image acquisition.MethodsIn experiments and simulations, eight local coils connected to current amplifiers were used for rapid local magnetic field variation. Acquired and simulated data were reconstructed to quantify reconstruction errors as a function of the acceleration factor and applied modulation frequency and strength.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate a possible acceleration factor of 2 to 4. Simulations demonstrate the challenges and limits of this method in terms of required magnetic field modulation strengths and frequencies. A normalized mean squared error of below 10% can be achieved for acceleration factors of up to 8 using modulation field strengths comparable to the readout gradient strength at modulation frequencies in the range of 5 to 20 kHz.ConclusionSpread‐spectrum MRI represents a new approach to accelerate image acquisition, and it can be independently combined with traditional parallel imaging techniques based on local receive coil sensitivities.
Advancements in magnetic resonance imaging‐based biomarkers for muscular dystrophy
Authors: Leung Doris G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent years have seen steady progress in the identification of genetic muscle diseases as well as efforts to develop treatment for these diseases. Consequently, sensitive and objective new methods are required to identify and monitor muscle pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging offers multiple potential biomarkers of disease severity in the muscular dystrophies. This Review uses a pathology‐based approach to examine the ways in which MRI and spectroscopy have been used to study muscular dystrophies. Methods that have been used to quantitate intramuscular fat, edema, fiber orientation, metabolism, fibrosis, and vascular perfusion are examined, and this Review describes how MRI can help diagnose these conditions and improve upon existing muscle biomarkers by detecting small increments of disease‐related change. Important challenges in the implementation of imaging biomarkers, such as standardization of protocols and validating imaging measurements with respect to clinical outcomes, are also described.
EMG biofeedback or parasacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in children with lower urinary tract dysfunction: A prospective and randomized trial
Authors: dos Reis Joceara Neves , Mello Marcos Figueiredo , Cabral Beatriz Helena , Mello Luiz Figueiredo , Saiovici Samuel , Rocha Flavio Eduardo Trigo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsEvaluate the efficacy of biofeedback and parassacral electric nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of children with lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction.MethodsA prospective, randomized study was approved by our Hospital Ethics Committee. We enrolled 64 children, 43 girls and 21 boys, average age of 9.39 years. The initial evaluation consisted of history, physical examination, urine analyses, voiding diary, uroflow, and ultrasound. Dysfunction voiding symptom score (DVSS) questionnaires were applied pre‐ and post‐treatment. The children were divided into two treatment groups independent of the predominant type of voiding dysfunction (dysfunctional or overactive bladder): biofeedback group and TENS group. The criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the techniques was the resolution of daytime and nighttime symptoms including urinary leakage, improvements in voiding diary, DVSS, and changes in uroflow. After 6 months, the children were reassessed with the same work‐up of baseline.ResultsRegarding daytime symptoms, results for complete response were similar between the two groups (P = 0.483); 54.9% of children treated by the biofeedback group and 60.6% in the TENS group. The same have been observed in the nighttime incontinence with complete resolutions in 29.6% and 25%, respectively (
P = 0.461). Analyzing the voiding diary, uroflow and DVSS questionnaires both groups had significant improvement (
P = 0.001) after treatment. The biofeedback group required fewer sessions than TENS group, 10.9 and 18.1, respectively (
P < 0,001).ConclusionsBoth biofeedback and the TENS are equally effective for treating non‐neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Biofeedback seems to require a lower number of sessions to obtain similar results of the TENS.
An improved mutual authentication protocol based on perfect forward secrecy for satellite communications
Authors: Xu Shuishuai , Liu Xindong , Ma Mimi , Chen Jianhua 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAs the mobile network progresses fast, mobile communications have a far‐reaching influence in our daily life. In order to guarantee the communication security, a myriad of experts introduced many authentication protocols. Recently, Qi et al presented an enhanced authentication with key agreement protocol for satellite communications, and they proclaimed that their protocol could defend various attacks and support varied security requirements. Regrettably, in this paper, we prove that their protocol was fruitless in resisting smart card stolen or loss attack, supporting perfect forward secrecy and had a fundamental error. To solve these problems, we present an improved protocol based on perfect forward secrecy. In addition, the analysis of our improved protocol suggests that it gets possession of faultless security properties and overcomes the flaws in the protocol of Qi et al perfectly. Thus, our improved protocol can be appropriated for the mobile communications.
Thermally‐Induced Reactions of Aromatic Crystalline Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Varga Katarina , Lešić Nikolina , Bogović Barbara , Pisačić Mateja , Panić Barbara , Biljan Ivana , Novak Igor , Vančik Hrvoj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThree types of organic solid‐state reactions, dimerizations, dissociations, and Z‐E isomerizations were investigated by using the transformations of aromatic C‐nitroso compounds in crystalline solids as a convenient molecular model. Here we propose a conceptual frame for solid‐state organic reaction mechanisms by examining activation parameters obtained from kinetic measurements under specific experimental conditions. The possibility of the appearance of a sort of short‐lived intermediate liquid phase that constitutes a critical condition for initiating chemical reaction in crystalline solids, similarly to the mechanism for the thermal solid‐state reactions proposed by Paul and Curtin is discussed. The analogy of the proposed concept with the recent hypothesis about the variable rigidity/softness of the reaction cavity in the enzyme reactions, and with the newest molecular dynamic simulation studies of solid phase transformations was considered.