bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of mechanical sensitive miR-337-3p alleviates ectopic ossification in rat tendinopathy model via targeting IRS1 and Nox4 of tendon-derived stem cells
Authors: Geng Yiyun , Zhao Xiaoying , Xu Jiajia , Zhang Xudong , Hu Guoli , Fu Sai-Chuen , Dai Kerong , Chen Xiaodong , Patrick Yung shu-huang , Zhang Xiaoling 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tendinopathy, which is characterized by the ectopic ossification of tendon, is a common disease occurring in certain population, such as athletes that suffer from repetitive tendon strains. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of tendinopathy caused by the overuse of tendon is still lacking. Here, we found that the mechanosensitive miRNA, miR-337-3p, had lower expression under uniaxial cyclical mechanical loading in tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) and negatively controlled chondro-osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs. Importantly, downregulation of miR-337-3p expression was also observed in both rat and human calcified tendons, and overexpressing miR-337-3p in patellar tendons of rat tendinopathy model displayed a robust therapeutic efficiency. Mechanistically, we found that the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β was the upstream factor of miR-337-3p that bridges the mechanical loading with its downregulation. Furthermore, the target genes of miR-337-3p, NADPH oxidase 4, and insulin receptor substrate 1, activated chondro-osteogenic differentiation of TDSCs through JNK and ERK signaling, respectively. Thus, these findings not only provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying ectopic ossification in tendinopathy but also highlight the significance of miR-337-3p as a putative therapeutic target for clinic treatment of tendinopathy.
Secular Trends of Ascariasis Infestation and Nutritional Status in Chinese Children From 2000 to 2014: Evidence From 4 Successive National Surveys
Authors: Dong Yanhui , Zou Zhiyong , Hu Peijin , Dong Bin , Wang Zhenghe , Yang Zhaogeng , Wen Bo , Ma Yinghua , Song Yi , Ma Jun , Lau Patrick W C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to assess secular trends and epidemiological status of ascariasis infestations and to explore its effects on the nutritional transition among Chinese children from 2000 to 2014.

Methods
Data were collected from 69 435 Chinese children aged 7-year-olds and 9-year-olds in 4 successive cross-sectional surveys of Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health. Ascariasis infestation was defined by using the Kato-Katz method. Nutritional status was classified into stunting, thinness, overweight, and obesity by WHO definition.

Results
From 2000 to 2014, the ascariasis infestation rates decreased from 9.1% to 1.7%, the stunting and thinness prevalence decreased from 4.3% and 13.8% to 0.7% and 7.1%, while the overweight and obesity prevalence increased from 3.6% and 2.1% to 9.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Compared to children in the ascariasis noninfestation group, those infected with ascariasis had a worse nutritional status. Yet, the disparity in nutritional status between 2 groups disappeared over time. Provinces with a higher gross domestic product per capita simultaneously had lower ascariasis infestation rates, lower stunting and thinness prevalence, and higher overweight and obesity prevalence.

Conclusions
The retardation effects caused by ascariasis infestation on nutritional status in Chinese children seemed to be offset by the rapid economic development and nutritional transition over time; nevertheless, multiple prevention and control measures are still needed and should be continuously strengthened.
Antimicrobial Resistance or Delayed Appropriate Therapy—Does One Influence Outcomes More Than the Other Among Patients With Serious Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Versus Carbapenem-Susceptible Enterobacteriaceae?
Authors: Lodise Thomas P , Berger Ariel , Altincatal Arman , Wang Rosa , Bhagnani Tarun , Gillard Patrick , Bonine Nicole G 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The relative contribution of antimicrobial resistance versus delayed appropriate treatment to the clinical and economic burden of Enterobacteriaceae infections is not well understood.

Methods
Using a large US hospital database, we identified all admissions between July 2011 and September 2014 with evidence of serious Enterobacteriaceae infection. The “index date” was the earliest date on which a culture positive for Enterobacteriaceae was drawn. Infections were classified as carbapenem-resistant (CRE) or carbapenem-susceptible (CSE). Receipt of antimicrobials with activity against all index pathogens on the index date or ≤2 days thereafter was deemed as “timely”; all other instances were “delayed.” Associations between CRE status and delayed appropriate therapy on outcomes were estimated using inverse probability weighting and multivariate regression models (ie, logistic model for discharge destination and composite mortality [in-hospital death or discharge to hospice] or generalized linear model for duration of antibiotic therapy, hospital length of stay [LOS], and costs).

Results
A total of 50 069 patients met selection criteria; 514 patients (1.0%) had CRE. Overall, 67.5% of CSE patients (vs 44.6%, CRE) received timely appropriate therapy (P &lt; .01). Irrespective of CRE status, patients who received delayed appropriate therapy had longer durations of antibiotic therapy and LOS, higher costs, lower likelihood of discharge to home, and greater likelihood of the composite mortality outcome (P for trend &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Delayed appropriate therapy is a more important driver of outcomes than CRE, although the 2 factors are somewhat synergistic. Better methods of early CRE identification may improve outcomes in this patient population.
The Politics of A Modest Proposal: Swift and the Irish Crisis of the Late 1720s
Authors: McBride Ian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Swift’s Modest Proposal (1729) is widely regarded as the most brilliant satire in the English language, but its political context has never been properly explored. Some literary scholars have presented the tract as a parody of political economy; others have concentrated on the imputation of cannibalism, the distinguishing mark of the savage, which Swift redirects away from the natives towards the English settlers and their descendants. But nobody has convincingly related A Modest Proposal to the Irish parliamentary debates and pamphlet discussions of the late 1720s, when three successive harvest failures led to food riots in southern ports, large-scale emigration from the north, and thousands of deaths. Nor has anyone seriously investigated Swift’s hatred of the Irish landlord class, which provides A Modest Proposal with its most powerful, animating grievance. During the 1720s disputes over estate management, leasing practices and the relative merits of tillage and pastoral agriculture reflected the spiralling sense that the colonial mission of Ireland’s Protestant elite was on the point of collapse. Swift joined other patriotic commentators in deploring the conversion of arable land to pasture and the resultant expulsion of communities of villagers. Political economists marshalled statistics to demonstrate that human tenants could be as profitable as livestock. A dramatic deterioration in relations between Ireland’s clerical intelligentsia and the landed elite encouraged a distinct strain of social criticism among Anglican clergymen, who blamed landowners for depopulating the countryside ‐ something that Swift repeatedly associated with those barbarous man-eaters of ancient times, the Scythians. For a century and a half the cultivation of Irish soil had been a barometer of the civilising process; consequently the figure of the grazier had become for Swift the epitome of Irish perversity and self-destruction.
Supplemental oxygen therapy recommendations in patients with sickle cell disease during air travel: A cross-sectional survey of North American health care providers
Authors: Padda Amarjot , Corriveau-Bourque Catherine , Belletrutti Mark , Bruce Aisha A K 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionAir travel may expose patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) to an increased risk of disease-related complications. Several factors are felt to contribute including prolonged hypoxia, dehydration, temperature changes, and stress. The Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) position statement, published in 2007, recommends that SCD patients use supplemental oxygen on flights. While the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recommend that SCD patients dress warmly, stay hydrated, and move about the cabin. Other guidelines do not make specific recommendations.MethodsA cross-sectional online survey was circulated through the Canadian Hemoglobinopathy Association (CanHaem) and American Society of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (ASPHO) listservs to North American health care practitioners (HCPs). Participants were asked to share their air travel recommendations for patients with SCD. Similarly, a patient survey regarding experiences with air travel was circulated through the Sickle Cell Disease Association of Canada (SCDAC) and the Sickle Cell Foundation of Alberta (SCFOA) listservs and discussion boards.ResultsAlthough air travel is perceived to be a risk factor for sickling complications, only 18% of HCPs recommend supplemental oxygen. Most HCPs advise patients to increase hydration, carry analgesics, and wear warm clothes to prevent sickling complications. The patient survey was limited by a low response rate.ConclusionThe majority of HCPs are not routinely recommending prophylactic oxygen to patients with SCD during air travel.
Identification of Differentially Expressed miRNAs between a Wheat K-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line and Its Near-Isogenic Restorer Line
Authors: Li Hongxia , Guo Jinglei , Zhang Chengyang , Zheng Weijun , Song Yulong , Wang Yu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
K-type cytoplasmic male sterility (KCMS) lines were ideal material for three-line hybrid wheat system due to the major role in hybrid wheat production. In this study, the morphology of developing microspore and mature pollen was compared between a KCMS line and its near-isogenic restorer line (KCMS-NIL). The most striking difference is that the microspore was unable to develop into tricellular pollen in the KCMS line. MicroRNA plays vital roles in flowering and gametophyte development. Small RNA sequencing identified a total of 274 known and 401 novel miRNAs differentially expressed between two lines or two developmental stages. Most of miRNAs with high abundance were differentially expressed at the uninucleate stage, and their expression level recovered or remained at the binucleate stage. Further degradome sequencing identified target genes which were mainly enriched in transcription regulation, phytohormone signaling and RNA degradation pathways. Combining with the transcriptome data, a correlation was found between the abnormal anther development, such as postmeiotic mitosis cessation, deformative pollen wall and the chromosome condensation of the vegetative cell, and the alterations in the related miRNA and their targets expression profiles. According to the correlation and pathway analysis, we propose a hypothetic miRNA-mediated network for the control of KCMS restoration.
Iron Biofortification of Staple Crops: Lessons and Challenges in Plant Genetics
Authors: Connorton James M , Balk Janneke 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Plants are the ultimate source of iron in our diet, either directly as staple crops and vegetables or indirectly via animal fodder. Increasing the iron concentration of edible parts of plants, known as biofortification, is seen as a sustainable approach to alleviate iron deficiency which is a major global health issue. Advances in sequencing and gene technology are accelerating both forward and reverse genetic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent progress in iron biofortification using conventional plant breeding or transgenics. Interestingly, some of the gene targets already used for transgenic approaches are also identified as genetic factors for high iron in genome-wide association studies. Several quantitative trait loci and transgenes increase both iron and zinc, due to overlap in transporters and chelators for these two mineral micronutrients. Research efforts are predominantly aimed at increasing the total concentration of iron but enhancing its bioavailability is also addressed. In particular, increased biosynthesis of the metal chelator nicotianamine increases iron and zinc levels and improves bioavailability. The achievements to date are very promising in being able to provide sufficient iron in diets with less reliance on meat to feed a growing world population.
In vitro and in vivo proves of concept for the use of a chemically cross-linked poly(ester-urethane-urea) scaffold as an easy handling elastomeric biomaterial for bone regeneration
Authors: Rohman Géraldine , Changotade Sylvie , Frasca Sophie , Ramtani Salah , Consalus Anne , Langueh Credson , Collombet Jean-Marc , Lutomski Didier 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Bone loss can occur as a result of various pathologies, traumas and injuries and poor bone healing leads to functionally debilitating condition, loss of self-sufficiency and deterioration in life quality. Given the increasing incidence of facial trauma and the emergence of new procedural techniques, advanced scaffolds are currently developed as substitutes for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the capability of a chemically cross-linked ε-caprolactone-based poly(ester-urethane-urea) (PCLU) scaffold to support bone regeneration. In vitro assays demonstrated that PCLU scaffolds could be colonized by cells through direct cell seeding and cell migration from outside to scaffold inside. Moreover, PCLU scaffolds could provide a suitable environment for stem cells proliferation in a 3D spatial arrangement, and allowed osteogenic differentiation under appropriate induction. In vivo results revealed the osteogenic properties of PCLU scaffolds through a drilled-hole femoral bone defect repair improvement in rats. Using histology and microtomography analysis, we showed that PCLU scaffolds fit well the bone cavity and were eventually entrapped between the newly formed trabeculae. Finally, no sign of inflammation or rejection was noticed. We envision that PCLU scaffolds can provide the clinicians with a substitute having appropriate characteristics for the treatment of bone defects.
Fast and cloning-free CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic editing in mammalian cells
Authors: Manna Paul T. , Davis Luther J. , Robinson Margaret S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCHoP-In (CRISPR/Cas9-mediated, Homology-independent, PCR-product Integration) is a fast and cloning-free strategy for genomic editing of mammalian cells. The desired integration fragment is produced as a PCR product, flanked by the Cas9 recognition sequences of the target locus. When co-transfected with the cognate Cas9/guide RNA, double strand breaks are introduced at the target genomic locus and at both ends of the PCR product. This allows incorporation into the genomic locus via hon-homologous end joining. The approach is versatile, allowing N-terminal, C-terminal or internal tag integration and gives predictable genomic integrations, as demonstrated for a selection of key membrane trafficking proteins. The lack of any donor vectors offers advantages over existing methods in terms of both speed and hands-on time. As such this approach will be a useful addition to the genome editing toolkit of those working in mammalian cell systems.
A comparison between power spectral density and network metrics: an EEG study
Authors: Demuru Matteo , La Cava Simone Maurizio , Pani Sara Maria , Fraschini Matteo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPower spectral density (PSD) and network analysis performed on functional correlation (FC) patterns represent two common approaches used to characterize Electroencephalographic (EEG) data. Despite the two approaches are widely used, their possible association may need more attention. To investigate this question, we performed a comparison between PSD and some widely used nodal network metrics (namely strength, clustering coefficient and betweenness centrality), using two different publicly available resting-state EEG datasets, both at scalp and source levels, employing four different FC methods (PLV, PLI, AEC and AECC). Here we show that the two approaches may provide similar information and that their correlation depends on the method used to estimate FC. In particular, our results show a strong correlation between PSD and nodal network metrics derived from FC methods (PLV and AEC) that do not limit the effects of volume conduction/signal leakage. The correlations are less relevant for more conservative FC methods (AECC). These findings suggest that the results derived from the two different approaches may be not independent and should not be treated as distinct analyses. We conclude that it may represent good practice to report the findings from the two approaches in conjunction to have a more comprehensive view of the results.
Explicit control of step timing during split-belt walking reveals interdependent recalibration of movements in space and time
Authors: Gonzalez-Rubio Marcela , Velasquez Nicolas F. , Torres-Oviedo Gelsy 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSplit-belt treadmills that move the legs at different speeds are thought to update internal representations of the environment, such that this novel condition generates a new locomotor pattern with distinct spatio-temporal features compared to those of regular walking. It is unclear the degree to which such recalibration of movements in the spatial and temporal domains is interdependent. In this study, we explicitly altered subjects’ limb motion in either space or time during split-belt walking to determine its impact on the adaptation of the other domain. Interestingly, we observed that motor adaptation in the spatial domain was susceptible to altering the temporal domain, whereas motor adaptation in the temporal domain was resilient to modifying the spatial domain. This nonreciprocal relation suggests a hierarchical organization such that the control of timing in locomotion has an effect on the control of limb position. This is of translational interest because clinical populations often have a greater deficit in one domain compared to the other. Our results suggest that explicit changes to temporal deficits cannot occur without modifying the spatial control of the limb.
Demographic Model for Inheritable Cardiac Disease
Authors: Burghardt Thomas P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe cardiac muscle proteins, generating and regulating energy transduction during a heartbeat, assemble in the sarcomere into a cyclical machine repetitively translating actin relative to myosin filaments. Myosin is the motor transducing ATP free energy into actin movement against resisting force. Cardiac myosin binding protein C (mybpc3) regulates shortening velocity probably by transient N-terminus binding to actin while its C-terminus strongly binds the myosin filament. Inheritable heart disease associated mutants frequently modify these proteins involving them in disease mechanisms. Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) cause single residue substitutions with independent characteristics (sequence location, residue substitution, human demographic, and allele frequency) hypothesized to decide dependent phenotype and pathogenicity characteristics in a feed-forward Neural network model. Trial models train and validate on a dynamic worldwide SNP database for cardiac muscle proteins then predict phenotype and pathogenicity for any single residue substitution in myosin, mybpc3, or actin. A separate Bayesian model formulates conditional probabilities for phenotype or pathogenicity given independent SNP characteristics. Neural/Bayes forecasting tests SNP pathogenicity vs (in)dependent SNP characteristics to assess individualized disease risk and in particular to elucidate gender and human subpopulation bias in disease. Evident subpopulation bias in myosin SNP pathogenicities imply myosin normally engages other sarcomere proteins functionally. Consistent with this observation, mybpc3 forms a third actomyosin interaction competing with myosin essential light chain N-terminus suggesting a novel strain-dependent mechanism adapting myosin force-velocity to load dynamics. The working models, and the integral myosin/mybpc3 motor concept, portends the wider considerations involved in understanding heart disease as a systemic maladaptation.
Predicting the conservation status of Europe’s Data Deficient sharks and rays
Authors: Walls Rachel H.L. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTShark and ray biodiversity is threatened primarily by overfishing and the globalisation of trade, and Europe has been one of the most documented heavily fished regions for a relatively long time. Yet, we have little idea of the conservation status of the hundreds of Data Deficient shark and ray species. It is important to derive some insight into the status of these species, both to understand global extinction rates and also to ensure that any threatened Data Deficient species are not overlooked in conservation planning. Here, we developed a biological and ecological trait model to predict the categorical conservation status of 26 Northeast Atlantic and 15 Mediterranean Sea Data Deficient sharks and rays. We first developed an explanatory model based on all speciesevaluatedon the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM, using maximum body size, median depth (as a proxy for fisheries exposure), and reproductive mode, and thenpredictedthe status of all Data Deficient species. Almost half of Northeast Atlantic (46%,n=12 of 26), and two-thirds of Mediterranean (67%,n=10 of 15) Data Deficient species are predicted to be in one of the three IUCN threatened categories. Northeast Atlantic Data Deficient species arepredictedto be 1.2 times more threatened thanevaluatedspecies (38%,n=36 of 94), whereas threat levels in the Mediterranean Sea are relative for each (66%,n=38 of 58). This case study is intended for extrapolation to the global shark and ray dataset upon completion of the global IUCN Red List assessment. Trait-based, categorical prediction of conservation status is a cost-effective approach towards incorporating Data Deficient species into (i) estimates of lineage-wide extinction rates, (ii) revised protected species lists, and (iii) Red List Indices, thus preventing poorly known species from reaching extinction unnoticed.
A Simulation Study of mRNA Diffusion and Mitochondrial Localization
Authors: Horton Paul 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe have observed a negative correlation between rapid translation initiation of mRNA and their localization at mitochondria. One potential explanation of this anti-correlation is that mRNA which initiate translation away from mitochondria experience a significant drop in mobility and thus remain there. To explore this possibility, we conducted an initial simulation of diffusion and compared those results to gene-specific experimental measurements of mRNA mitochondrial localization.MethodsHere, we conduct a follow-up simulation study to complement the initial one. In particular we attempt a more quantitative analysis, deriving linear scale estimates of mitochondrial localization probability from sequencing based measurements. We compare this data to simulated mitochondrial localization probabilities under a variety of simulation parameter settings.ConclusionsWe conclude that if a change in mRNA mobility after translation initiation is a significant factor in explaining the negative correlation between mRNA localization and translation initiation efficiency, then 1) the effective diffusion coefficient of mRNA must be strongly reduced upon translation initiation (e.g. 20x) and 2) mRNA molecules which have not yet initiated translation when approaching a mitochondrial surface must have a non-zero probability of anchoring there.