bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Characteristics of Equatorial Ionization Gradient Above 150 km at Low Solar Activity
Authors: Adebesin B. O. , Adeniyi J. O. , Oladipo O. A. , Olawepo A. O. , Adimula I. A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electron ionization gradient (dN/dh) characteristics were quantitatively presented using data from Ilorin (8.50°N, 4.68°E) Digisonde during low solar activity. Ionogram inversion using calculated average representative profile program was employed in obtaining the profile data. Results were presented for both the minimum and maximum gradient positions above the 150‐km altitude. The daily hours were classified into four segments. Our result revealed that at sunset/postsunset and nighttime hours, the ionization magnitude at the point of maximum gradient during the equinoxes is twice the value in solstices. This feature of the higher ratio in the equinox is less distinct at sunrise/presunrise and noon/postnoon hours and not pronounced at all hours of the minimum gradient position. The time of occurrence of the maximum gradient for the sunrise/prenoon, noon/postnoon, and nighttime hours, respectively, are 07 LT, 17 LT, and 23 LT for all seasons. For this same diurnal segments at the point of minimum gradient, it is 05 LT, 12 LT, and 04 LT, respectively. The height (hdN) at which the highest gradient was reached is ≈310 km, occurring during the sunset/postsunset hours for both the maximum and minimum gradient positions. The lowest (≈235 km) was reached during the sunrise/prenoon hours. hdN at the position of maximum ionization is lower than the real height (hmF2) across all seasons. The percentage difference in dN/dh magnitude at the position of maximum and minimum gradients is lowest at noon/postnoon period and highest at sunrise/prenoon hours. The various physical processes involved were discussed. We established an inverse relationship between the pattern of dN/dh and vertical drift velocity.
Two-dimensional semiconductors in the regime of strong light-matter coupling
Authors: Schneider Christian , Glazov Mikhail M. , Korn Tobias , Höfling Sven , Urbaszek Bernhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are widely dominated by excitons, Coulomb-bound electron–hole pairs. These quasi-particles exhibit giant oscillator strength and give rise to narrow-band, well-pronounced optical transitions, which can be brought into resonance with electromagnetic fields in microcavities and plasmonic nanostructures. Due to the atomic thinness and robustness of the monolayers, their integration in van der Waals heterostructures provides unique opportunities for engineering strong light-matter coupling. We review first results in this emerging field and outline future opportunities and challenges.
Lineage marker synchrony in hematopoietic genealogies refutes the PU.1/GATA1 toggle switch paradigm
Authors: Strasser Michael K. , Hoppe Philipp S. , Loeffler Dirk , Kokkaliaris Konstantinos D. , Schroeder Timm , Theis Fabian J. , Marr Carsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMolecular regulation of cell fate decisions underlies health and disease. To identify molecules that are active or regulated during a decision, and not before or after, the decision time point is crucial. However, cell fate markers are usually delayed and the time of decision therefore unknown. Fortunately, dividing cells induce temporal correlations in their progeny, which allow for retrospective inference of the decision time point. We present a computational method to infer decision time points from correlated marker signals in genealogies and apply it to differentiating hematopoietic stem cells. We find that myeloid lineage decisions happen generations before lineage marker onsets. Inferred decision time points are in agreement with data from colony assay experiments. The levels of the myeloid transcription factor PU.1 do not change during, but long after the predicted lineage decision event, indicating that the PU.1/GATA1 toggle switch paradigm cannot explain the initiation of early myeloid lineage choice.
Ratiometric nanothermometer in vivo based on triplet sensitized upconversion
Authors: Xu Ming , Zou Xianmei , Su Qianqian , Yuan Wei , Cao Cong , Wang Qiuhong , Zhu Xingjun , Feng Wei , Li Fuyou 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTemperature is an essential factor that counts for living systems where complicated vital activities are usually temperature dependent. In vivo temperature mapping based on non-contact optical approach will be beneficial for revealing the physiological phenomena behind with minimized influence to the organism. Herein, a highly thermal-sensitive upconversion system based on triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) mechanism is pioneered to indicate body temperature variation sensitively over the physiological temperature range. The temperature-insensitive NaYF4: Nd nanophosphors with NIR emission was incorporated into the temperature-responsive TTA-upconversion system to serve as an internal calibration unit. Consequently, a ratiometric thermometer capable of accurately monitoring the temperature changes in vivo was developed with high thermal sensitivity (~7.1% K−1) and resolution (~0.1 K).
Rpn11-mediated ubiquitin processing in an ancestral archaeal ubiquitination system
Authors: Fuchs Adrian C. D. , Maldoner Lorena , Wojtynek Matthias , Hartmann Marcus D. , Martin Jörg 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile protein ubiquitination was long believed to be a truly eukaryotic feature, recently sequenced genomes revealed complete ubiquitin (Ub) modification operons in archaea. Here, we present the structural and mechanistic characterization of an archaeal Rpn11 deubiquitinase from Caldiarchaeum subterraneum, CsRpn11, and its role in the processing of CsUb precursor and ubiquitinated proteins. CsRpn11 activity is affected by the catalytic metal ion type, small molecule inhibitors, sequence characteristics at the cleavage site, and the folding state of CsUb-conjugated proteins. Comparison of CsRpn11 and CsRpn11–CsUb crystal structures reveals a crucial conformational switch in the CsRpn11 Ins-1 site, which positions CsUb for catalysis. The presence of this transition in a primordial soluble Rpn11 thus predates the evolution of eukaryotic Rpn11 immobilized in the proteasomal lid. Complementing phylogenetic studies, which designate CsRpn11 and CsUb as close homologs of the respective eukaryotic proteins, our results provide experimental support for an archaeal origin of protein ubiquitination.
Multi-level magma plumbing at Agung and Batur volcanoes increases risk of hazardous eruptions
Authors: Geiger Harri , Troll Valentin R. , Jolis Ester M. , Deegan Frances M. , Harris Chris , Hilton David R. , Freda Carmela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe island of Bali in Indonesia is home to two active stratovolcanoes, Agung and Batur, but relatively little is known of their underlying magma plumbing systems. Here we define magma storage depths and isotopic evolution of the 1963 and 1974 eruptions using mineral-melt equilibrium thermobarometry and oxygen and helium isotopes in mineral separates. Olivine crystallised from a primitive magma and has average δ18O values of 4.8‰. Clinopyroxene records magma storage at the crust-mantle boundary, and displays mantle-like isotope values for Helium (8.62 RA) and δ18O (5.0–5.8‰). Plagioclase reveals crystallisation in upper crustal storage reservoirs and shows δ18O values of 5.5–6.4‰. Our new thermobarometry and isotope data thus corroborate earlier seismic and InSAR studies that inferred upper crustal magma storage in the region. This type of multi-level plumbing architecture could drive replenishing magma to rapid volatile saturation, thus increasing the likelihood of explosive eruptions and the consequent hazard potential for the population of Bali.
Relation of Prenatal Air Pollutant and Nutritional Exposures with Biomarkers of Allergic Disease in Adolescence
Authors: Sordillo Joanne E. , Switkowski Karen M. , Coull Brent A. , Schwartz Joel , Kloog Itai , Gibson Heike , Litonjua Augusto A. , Bobb Jennifer , Koutrakis Petros , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Oken Emily , Gold Diane R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrenatal exposures may be critical for immune system development, with consequences for allergic disease susceptibility. We examined associations of prenatal exposures (nutrient intakes and air pollutants) with allergic disease biomarkers in adolescence. We used data from 857 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a Massachusetts-based pre-birth cohort. Outcomes of interest at follow-up (median age 12.9 years) were fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and total serum IgE. We applied Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression analyses to estimate multivariate exposure-response functions, allowing for exposure interactions. Exposures were expressed as z-scores of log-transformed data and we report effects in % change in FeNO or IgE z-score per increase in exposure from the 25th to 75th percentile. FeNO levels were lower with higher intakes of prenatal vitamin D (−16.15%, 95% CI: −20.38 to −2.88%), folate from foods (−3.86%, 95% CI: −8.33 to 0.83%) and n-3 PUFAs (−9.21%, 95% CI −16.81 to −0.92%). Prenatal air pollutants were associated with higher FeNO and IgE, with the strongest associations detected for PM2.5 with IgE (25.6% increase, 95% CI 9.34% to 44.29%). We identified a potential synergistic interaction (p = 0.02) between vitamin E (food + supplements) and PM2.5; this exposure combination was associated with further increases in FeNO levels.
Ectopic expression of a Brassica rapa AINTEGUMENTA gene (BrANT-1) increases organ size and stomatal density in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ding Qian , Cui Bing , Li Jingjuan , Li Huayin , Zhang Yihui , Lv Xiaohui , Qiu Nianwei , Liu Lifeng , Wang Fengde , Gao Jianwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) family plays a central role in regulating the growth and development of organs in many plants. However, little is known about the characteristics and functions of the AIL family in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). In this study, a genome-wide analysis was performed to identify the members of the AIL family in Chinese cabbage. We identified three ANT genes and six ANT-like genes of Chinese cabbage, most of which were differentially expressed in different organs or tissues. Furthermore, compared with the wild-type line, the size of different organs in the 35S-BrANT-1 line was significantly increased by promoting cell proliferation. Meanwhile, over-expression of BrANT-1 also increases the stomatal number and delays the leaf senescence. Transcriptome analyses revealed that a set of cell proliferation and stoma development genes were up-regulated, while the senescence-associated genes were down-regulated, suggesting these genes may be involved in BrANT-1 regulated processes for controlling organ size, stomatal density and leaf senescence. In summary, this study offers important insights into the characteristics and functions of the ANT genes in Chinese cabbage, and provides a promising strategy to improve yield or head size in Chinese cabbage breeding programs.
Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of exopolysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus geesteranus on alcohol-induced liver injury
Authors: Song Xinling , Liu Zhonghai , Zhang Jianjun , Yang Qihang , Ren Zhenzhen , Zhang Chen , Liu Min , Gao Zheng , Zhao Huajie , Jia Le 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present work investigated the hepatoprotective role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from the mushroom Pleurotus geesteranus with respect to alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Based on a physico-chemical analysis, the EPS produced by Pleurotus geesteranus was identified as a heteropolysaccharide with α-glycosidic bond. The results revealed that prophylactic application of the EPS reduces detrimental alcoholic effects on the liver. This observation was followed by decreased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, CYP2E1 and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, COX-2, NO and iNOS) in the liver homogenates, suggesting that the EPS exhibits anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, the increased activity of hepatic enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) and reduced lipid peroxidation status indicated that the antioxidative effect of the EPS contributes to alleviation of liver injury. Therefore, this study reports that the EPS produced by Pleurotus geesteranus could be considered a potential natural drug or functional food supplement for the prevention of liver damage.
Neural signatures of different behavioral types in fairness norm compliance
Authors: Gianotti Lorena R. R. , Nash Kyle , Baumgartner Thomas , Dahinden Franziska M. , Knoch Daria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFairness norm compliance is critical in any society. However, norm compliant behavior is very heterogeneous. Some people are reliably fair (voluntary compliers). Some are fair to avoid sanctions (sanction-based compliers), and some are reliably unfair (non-compliers). These types play divergent roles in society. However, they remain poorly understood. Here, we combined neural measures (resting electroencephalography and event-related potentials) and economic paradigms to better understand these types. We found that voluntary compliers are characterized by higher baseline activation in the right temporo-parietal junction, suggesting better social cognition capacity compared to sanction-based compliers and non-compliers. The latter two types are differentiated by (a) baseline activation in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex, a brain area known to be involved in self-control processes, and (b) event-related potentials in a classic self-control task. Both results suggest that sanction-based compliers have better self-control capacity than non-compliers. These findings improve our understanding of fairness norm compliance. Broadly, our findings suggest that established training techniques that boost self-control might help non-compliers adhere to fairness norms.
Association Between Left Renal Vein Entrapment and Varicocele Recurrence: A Cohort Study in 3042 Patients
Authors: Li Sen , Liu Qian , Wang Jin , Pang Xueqin , Zhang Youpeng , Cheng Yongbiao , Fu Yao , Guo Jialun , Tang Yong , Zeng Hanqing , Yang Yali , Zhu Zhaohui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recurrence rates after varicocelectomy vary from 0.9% to 32.2%, especially for patients with the left renal vein entrapment (LRVE). This study aims to study the association between LRVE and varicocele recurrence, and to find the risk factors of LRVE. With the design of a cohort study, we included 3042 varicocele patients who would undergo modified inguinal microscope-assisted varicocelectomy (MHMV). 858 (28.21%) patients with LRVE were as the study group, and 2184 (71.79%) patients without LRVE were as the control group. Compared with the control group, BMI was lower (p < 0.001) in study group. Totally, 18 patients had recurrence after surgery, so the recurrence rate was 0.59%. Seventeen patients (1.98%) in study group and 1 patients (0.05%) in control group had recurrence, and significant statistical difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.001). The risk ratio of LRVE for varicocele recurrence is 43.27. In conclusion, the recurrence rate of our MHMV is the lowest (0.59%). There is association between LRVE and varicocele recurrence, and varicocele patients with LRVE have higher probability of recurrence rate after varicocelectomy. BMI could be a risk factor of LRVE. Thus, for varicocele patients, especially those with lower BMI, attentions should be payed to LRVE.
Emerging therapies for mitochondrial diseases
Authors: Hirano Michio , Emmanuele Valentina , Quinzii Catarina M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For the vast majority of patients with mitochondrial diseases, only supportive and symptomatic therapies are available. However, in the last decade, due to extraordinary advances in defining the causes and pathomechanisms of these diverse disorders, new therapies are being developed in the laboratory and are entering human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the current use of dietary supplement and exercise therapies as well as emerging therapies that may be broadly applicable across multiple mitochondrial diseases or tailored for specific disorders. Examples of non-tailored therapeutic targets include: activation of mitochondrial biogenesis, regulation of mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, bypass of biochemical defects, mitochondrial replacement therapy, and hypoxia. In contrast, tailored therapies are: scavenging of toxic compounds, deoxynucleoside and deoxynucleotide treatments, cell replacement therapies, gene therapy, shifting mitochondrial DNA mutation heteroplasmy, and stabilization of mutant mitochondrial transfer RNAs.
Children With Dyslexia Benefit From Orthographic Facilitation During Spoken Word Learning
Authors: Baron Lauren S. , Hogan Tiffany P. , Alt Mary , Gray Shelley , Cabbage Kathryn L. , Green Samuel , Cowan Nelson 
Published: July 2018

PurposeOrthographic facilitation describes the phenomenon in which a spoken word is produced more accurately when its corresponding written word is present during learning. We examined the orthographic facilitation effect in children with dyslexia because they have poor learning and recall of spoken words. We hypothesized that including orthography during spoken word learning would facilitate learning and recall.MethodChildren with dyslexia and children with typical development (n= 46 per group), 7–9 years old, were matched for grade and nonverbal intelligence. Across 4 blocks of exposure in 1 session, children learned pairings between 4 spoken pseudowords and novel semantic referents in a modified paired-associate learning task. Two of the pairings were presented with orthography present, and 2 were presented with orthography absent. Recall of newly learned spoken words was assessed using a naming task.ResultsBoth groups showed orthographic facilitation during learning and naming. During learning, both groups paired pseudowords and referents more accurately when orthography was present. During naming, children with typical development showed a large orthographic facilitation effect that increased across blocks. For children with dyslexia, this effect was present initially but then plateaued.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that children with dyslexia benefit from orthographic facilitation during spoken word learning. These findings have direct implications for teaching spoken vocabulary to children with dyslexia.
Introduction to the Clinical Forum: Working Memory in School-Age Children
Authors: Gillam Ronald B. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to introduce the
LSHSS
Clinical Forum: Working Memory in School-Age Children. All the articles in this clinical forum concern the nature of working memory and its relationship to language and academic skills.

Method
The introduction provides a basic overview of working memory and its importance for explicit and implicit learning and highlights the topics of the 8 articles that comprise the clinical forum.

Conclusion
The articles in this clinical forum provide readers with important information about the current state of our understanding of working memory and its importance for understanding the language and academic skills of school-age children developing typically and those with language and learning difficulties. Articles in this forum also address the practical implications of this knowledge for assessment and intervention.
Adjuvante Elektrostimulationstherapie bei chronischer Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Koch Thomas , Ptok Martin 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die chronische Rhinosinusitis (CRS) zählt in Deutschland zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen und geht nicht selten mit einem
jahrelangen Verlauf einher. Nach der aktuellen deutschen Leitlinie Rhinosinusitis sind für eine symptomatische Therapie der CRS die nasale Anwendung von
Salzlösungen, topische Kortikosteroide, in Einzelfällen auch systemische Kortikosteroide sinnvoll. Die Evidenzlage für andere therapeutische Verfahren wie
Akupunktur, Homöopathie und Phytotherapeutika wird als nicht ausreichend gesehen. In der vorliegenden Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob antiinflammatorische
Effekte einer Elektrostimulationstherapie auch bei einer CRS nachgewiesen werden können.
Methodik randomisierte, prospektive Single center Studie, primäres Setting; 16 Patientinnen und Patienten mit mittelgradig ausgeprägter chronischer
Rhinosinusitis mit Polypen (cRScNP), entsprechend einem Lund / Mackay score von 6–12; heimbasierte Elektrostimulationstherapie (EST) mit amplitudenmoduliertem
Strom (Basisfrequenz von 4000 Hz, Frequenzband von 100–250 Hz) über 2 Wochen adjuvant zu einer leitliniengerechten Sinusitistherapie mit topischen
Kortikosteroiden; Messung der nasalen Stickstoffmonoxid Konzentration und Selbstbewertung der Beschwerden mit dem Fragebogeninstrument SNOT-20 GAV;
Erhebungszeitpunkte t0 vor EST, t1 nach EST, t2 6 Wochen nach t1.
Ergebnisse Die heimbasierte EST wurde von 16 Patientinnen und Patienten durchgeführt. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die bereits seit
langem bekannten positiven Effekte einer Elektrostimulationstherapie bei inflammatorischen Prozessen auch bei einer CRS bestehen.
Diskussion Die adjuvante transsinuidale Elektrostimulation könnte somit die konservative Therapie der CRS bereichern. Weitere Studien mit größeren
Kollektiven sind wünschenswert.
High Incidence of Thrombophilia Detected in Chinese Patients with Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Liu H W , Kwong Y L , Bourke C , Lam C K , Lie A K W , Wei D , Chan L C 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVenous thromboembolism is rare in Chinese. To determine the incidence and disease profile of thrombophilia in Chinese patients with thrombosis, 52 unselected Chinese patients with documented venous thrombosis were studied for the presence of thrombophilia. Levels of antithrombin III (AT III), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) as well as the presence of acquired lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin antibody (ACA) were investigated. Thirty patients were found to be abnormal. These consisted of 5 AT III deficiencies, 9 PC deficiencies, 10 PS deficiencies, 1 combined PC & PS deficiency (all in the heterozygous range), and 5 patients with LA and/or ACA. When the patients with LA and/or ACA are excluded, the incidence of hereditary thrombophilia is 25/47 i.e. 53.2%' which is much higher than those reported in studies of Caucasian patients selected under strict criteria. Family studies performed in 16 cases ot hereditary thrombophilia revealed involvement in 11 cases (68.7%); a total of 36 heterozygous family members were affected, most of which remain asymptomatic. Although 35 events predisposing to thrombosis (27 pregnancies, 1 oral contraceptive consumption and 7 surgical operations) were identified among these index patients, and the heterozygous family members, thrombosis was observed on only 6 occasions (17.1%). The data suggest that pregnancy and surgery do not carry the same degree of thrombotic risk in Chinese as in the Caucasian population with heterozygous AT III, PC and PS deficiency.