bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Geometry of the Set of Symmetric Matrices with Repeated Eigenvalues
Authors: Breiding Paul , Kozhasov Khazhgali , Lerario Antonio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We investigate some geometric properties of the real algebraic variety

$$\Delta $$

Δ

of symmetric matrices with repeated eigenvalues. We explicitly compute the volume of its intersection with the sphere and prove a Eckart–Young–Mirsky-type theorem for the distance function from a generic matrix to points in

$$\Delta $$

Δ

. We exhibit connections of our study to real algebraic geometry (computing the Euclidean distance degree of

$$\Delta $$

Δ

) and random matrix theory.
The “capsular noose”: A new capsular repair technique to diminish dislocation risk after the posterior approach total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Swanson Todd V. , Kukreja Mohit M. , Ballard James C. , Calleja Henry G.M. , Brown Jonathon M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Background:
Post-operative hip dislocation has been commonly associated with primary THA as a troublesome complication after posterior approach. Although several other risk factors have been implicated, techniques of capsular repair and closure have also been described. A new technique for repair of the capsule after posterior, minimally invasive, total hip arthroplasty is described.

Methods:
In Part A of this two-part study, 133 classic repairs of the capsule and external rotators to the greater trochanter (Group 1) were retrospectively compared to 144 capsular noose repairs (Group 2). After minimum 24-month follow up, dislocation was more common in Group 1 than in Group 2 (5.3% vs. 0.69%, p = 0.02). In Part B, 20 consecutive patients were tested intra-operatively for torque and internal rotation to dislocation using three capsular repair techniques.

Results:
The capsular noose repair provided greater resistance to dislocation than no repair (p < 0.01) and to simulated classic repair (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The capsular noose repair may reduce dislocation risk after posterior approach total hip arthroplasty.

Highlights:
Avoiding epistemological silos and empirical elephants in OM: How to combine empirical and simulation methods?
Authors: Chandrasekaran Aravind , Linderman Kevin , Sting Fabian J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProgression of knowledge in operations management (OM) relies on researchers building and testing theories using data from practice. However, standalone empirical research designs have inherent limitations and may not adequately capture complex OM problems. This may result in researchers narrowing the scope of the problems that they create epistemological silos and study empirical elephants. In this introductory article to the special issue, we look at the ways simulation methods can augment and answer questions that are not addressed through traditional empirical methods. We offer a framework regarding how and when to use simulation methods for a given research objectives and design. We conclude by discussing the contingencies of using these methods as well as the role of reviewers and editors in evaluating papers that involve such methods.
Global inequality and the Trump administration
Authors: Mayer Frederick W. , Phillips Nicola 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSince US President Donald J. Trump took office in January 2017, the future of the global economy has looked distinctly uncertain. This is not because a process of clear and purposeful change can be said to be underway. Instead, it is because of a pattern of piecemeal, inconsistent and contradictory fragments of policy, both domestic and international in orientation, in the arenas of trade, taxation, business relations, finance and banking, social and welfare provision, immigration, and environmental protection, whose cumulative significance remains unclear. The modest task of this essay is therefore to sketch the contours, patterns, inconsistencies and confusions presented by the Trump administration's approach to shaping the US economy and, by extension, the global economic order, and on that basis to offer an interpretation of its emerging implications for inequality both within the United States and across the world.
The father–daughter relationship in the wake of maternal death from breast cancer
Authors: Cohen Marie M. , Wellisch David K. , Ormseth Sarah R. , Yarema Valerie G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectives:This paper examines whether a relationship exists between paternal psychological stability and daughters' symptomatology following the death of a wife/mother from breast cancer. Specifically, is there a relationship between paternal parenting style and the daughters' subsequent capacity to form committed relationships later in life?Methods:We assessed 68 adult daughters (average age = 23.5 years) since the mother's breast cancer diagnosis by means of a semistructured clinical interview and psychological testing.Results:The daughters were subdivided into three psychiatric risk groups. Those in the highest risk group were most likely to be single and to have high CES–Depression and STAI–Anxiety scores. Daughters in the highest risk group were also most likely to have fathers who abused substances, fathers who had experienced a serious psychiatric event, and families with the most closed communication about the mother's cancer.Significance of Results:Psychopathology in fathers correlated with increasing anxiety and depression in adult daughters. Daughters at the highest level of risk had the most severe affective states, the most disturbed father–daughter bonding, and the least ability to create successful interpersonal relationships as adults. We suggest specific interventions for these daughters of the lowest-functioning fathers.
The Singapore Convention on Mediation—A Brighter Future for Asian Dispute Resolution
Authors: CHUA Eunice 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn 26 June 2018, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law [UNCITRAL] approved, largely without modification, the final drafts of the Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (the Singapore Convention) and amendments to the Model Law on International Commercial Mediation prepared by Working Group II. These instruments aim to promote the enforceability of international commercial settlement agreements reached through mediation in the same way that the New York Convention facilitates the recognition and enforcement of international arbitration awards. This paper provides a critical analysis of the Singapore Convention, and some commentary from an Asian perspective.
Acid‐Induced Dissolution of Andesite: Evolution of Permeability and Strength
Authors: Farquharson Jamie I. , Wild Bastien , Kushnir Alexandra R. L. , Heap Michael J. , Baud Patrick , Kennedy Ben 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVolcanic systems often host crater lakes, flank aquifers, or fumarole fields that are strongly acidic. In order to explore the evolution of the physical and mechanical properties of an andesite under these reactive chemical conditions, we performed batch reaction experiments over timescales from 1 day to 4 months. The experiments involved immersion of a suite of samples in a solution of 0.125 M sulfuric acid (pH ∼0.6). Periodically, samples were removed and their physical and mechanical properties measured. We observe a progressive decrease in mass, coincident with a general increase in porosity, which we attribute to plagioclase dissolution accompanied by the generation of a microporous diktytaxitic groundmass due to glass dissolution. Plagioclase phenocrysts are seen to undergo progressive pseudomorphic replacement by an amorphous phase enriched in silica and depleted in other cations (Na, Ca, and Al). In the first phase of dissolution (t = 24–240 hr), this process appears to be confined to preexisting fractures within the plagioclase phenocrysts. However, ultimately these phenocrysts tend toward entire replacement by amorphous silica. We propose that the dissolution process results in the widening of pore throats and the improvement of pore connectivity, with the effect of increasing permeability by over an order of magnitude relative to the initial measurements. Compressive strength of our samples was also modified, insofar as porosity tends to increase (associated with a weakening effect). We outline broader implications of the observed permeability increase and strength reduction for volcanic systems including induced flank failure and related hazards, improved efficiency of volatile migration, and attendant eruption implications.
New Capillary Number Definition for Micromodels: The Impact of Pore Microstructure
Authors: Tang Jinyu , Smit Michiel , Vincent‐Bonnieu Sebastien , Rossen William R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new capillary number (Nca) definition is proposed for 2‐D etched micromodels. We derive the new definition from a force balance on a nonwetting ganglion trapped by capillarity. It incorporates the impact of pore microstructure on mobilization. The geometrical factors introduced can be estimated directly from image analysis of the pore network etched in the micromodel, without conducting flow experiments. The improved fit of the new Nca to published data supports its validity. The new definition yields a consistent trend in the capillary‐desaturation curve. The conventional Nca definitions proposed for porous rock give a large scatter in the capillary‐desaturation curve for data in micromodels. This is due to the different type of flow in micromodels, as 2‐D networks, relative to 3‐D geological porous media. In particular, permeability is dominated by channel depth in micromodels with shallow depth of etching, and generally, there is no simultaneous multiphase flow under capillary‐dominated conditions. Applying the conventional definitions to results in micromodels may lead to misleading conclusions for fluid transport in geological formations.
In situ printing of liquid superlenses for subdiffraction-limited color imaging of nanobiostructures in nature
Authors: Jia Boliang , Wang Feifei , Chan Hoyin , Zhang Guanglie , Li Wen Jung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe nanostructures and patterns that exist in nature have inspired researchers to develop revolutionary components for use in modern technologies and our daily lives. The nanoscale imaging of biological samples with sophisticated analytical tools, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has afforded a precise understanding of structures and has helped reveal the mechanisms contributing to the behaviors of the samples but has done so with the loss of photonic properties. Here, we present a new method for printing biocompatible “superlenses” directly on biological objects to observe subdiffraction-limited features under an optical microscope in color. We demonstrate the nanoscale imaging of butterfly wing scales with a super-resolution and larger field-of-view (FOV) than those of previous dielectric microsphere techniques. Our approach creates a fast and flexible path for the direct color observation of nanoscale biological features in the visible range and enables potential optical measurements at the subdiffraction-limited scale.
Transforming insect population control with precision guided sterile males with demonstration in flies
Authors: Kandul Nikolay P. , Liu Junru , Sanchez C. Hector M. , Wu Sean L. , Marshall John M. , Akbari Omar S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe sterile insect technique (SIT) is an environmentally safe and proven technology to suppress wild populations. To further advance its utility, a novel CRISPR-based technology termed precision guided SIT (pgSIT) is described. PgSIT mechanistically relies on a dominant genetic technology that enables simultaneous sexing and sterilization, facilitating the release of eggs into the environment ensuring only sterile adult males emerge. Importantly, for field applications, the release of eggs will eliminate burdens of manually sexing and sterilizing males, thereby reducing overall effort and increasing scalability. Here, to demonstrate efficacy, we systematically engineer multiple pgSIT systems inDrosophilawhich consistently give rise to 100% sterile males. Importantly, we demonstrate that pgSIT-generated sterile males are fit and competitive. Using mathematical models, we predict pgSIT will induce substantially greater population suppression than can be achieved by currently-available self-limiting suppression technologies. Taken together, pgSIT offers to potentially transform our ability to control insect agricultural pests and disease vectors.
Artificial light-driven ion pump for photoelectric energy conversion
Authors: Xiao Kai , Chen Lu , Chen Ruotian , Heil Tobias , Lemus Saul Daniel Cruz , Fan Fengtao , Wen Liping , Jiang Lei , Antonietti Markus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBiological light-driven ion pumps move ions against a concentration gradient to create a membrane potential, thus converting sunlight energy directly into an osmotic potential. Here, we describe an artificial light-driven ion pump system in which a carbon nitride nanotube membrane can drive ions thermodynamically uphill against an up to 5000-fold concentration gradient by illumination. The separation of electrons and holes in the membrane under illumination results in a transmembrane potential which is thought to be the foundation for the pumping phenomenon. When used for harvesting solar energy, a sustained open circuit voltage of 550 mV and a current density of 2.4 μA/cm2 can reliably be generated, which can be further scaled up through series and parallel circuits of multiple membranes. The ion transport based photovoltaic system proposed here offers a roadmap for the development of devices by using simple, cheap, and stable polymeric carbon nitride.
Management der postoperativ prolongierten Parenchymfistel
Authors: Beushausen Christina , Sklenar Stephan Christoph , Kress Julia Ingrid , Eggeling Stephan 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEine protrahierte Parenchymfistel ist eine der häufigsten postoperativen Komplikationen in der Thoraxchirurgie. Für elektive lungenresezierende Eingriffe wird in der Literatur von einer postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel ab einer Dauer von 5 – 7 Tagen gesprochen. Es bestehen mehrere prädiktive Faktoren für die Ausbildung einer protrahierten Fistel, die sich in präoperative, wie beispielsweise die obstruktive Lungenerkrankung, und intraoperative Risikofaktoren, wie pleurale Adhäsionen oder fusionierte Fissuren, unterteilen lassen. Die Therapie der postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel ist sehr individuell und unterscheidet sich unter Umständen je nach Patient erheblich. Es existieren 4 größere Bausteine als Therapieoptionen, die in ihrer Abfolge und Nutzung einen großen Behandlungsspielraum ermöglichen: eine intensivierte konservative Therapie, eine Installation von sklerosierenden Agenzien oder Eigenblut, endoskopische Verfahren oder eine chirurgische Revision. Die Vermeidung, Erkennung und Therapie einer postoperativen protrahierten Parenchymfistel sind alltägliche Aspekte der thoraxchirurgischen Arbeit mit hoher klinischer Relevanz. Neben einigen standardisierten Abläufen wie der Risikoidentifizierung und der diagnostischen Aufarbeitung bei einer protrahierten Fistel ist die Behandlung sehr individuell und erfordert eine große Expertise des behandelnden Chirurgen. Zu einer erfolgversprechenden, zielführenden Therapie scheint es empfehlenswert, sich innerhalb einer Klinik auf eine bestimmte standardisierte Therapieabfolge zu einigen.
Grundlagen der Optik
Authors: Buser Annemarie , Baumbach Peter , von Livonius Bettina 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungAls Augenarzt ist es sehr wichtig zu wissen, ob eine eingeschränkte Sehkraft refraktiv bedingt ist oder ob eine andere Pathologie dahintersteckt. Die Refraktion nimmt daher am Anfang einer jeden Augenuntersuchung einen wichtigen Stellenwert ein. Dafür ist es wichtig, die Grundgesetze der Optik zu kennen. So ist es bei der Anpassung von sphärischen und zylindrischen Gläsern interessant zu wissen, welche Eigenschaften die jeweiligen Linsen haben. Auch sollte man über die Strahlengänge und Brechungsgesetze bei der Anpassung von Brillengläsern und Prismen Bescheid wissen. Zudem sollte man bei der Verordnung von Brillengläsern Hornhautscheitelabstandsänderungen beachten und Umrechnungen für die Stärke von Kontaktlinsen kennen. Nur wenn man ein tieferes Verständnis für die Refraktion und die Korrektion fehlsichtiger Augen hat, kann man auch optimale Sehhilfen bei schwierigeren Refraktionsverhältnissen anpassen.
Endovaskuläre Therapie von Viszeralarterienaneurysmata – geht das immer?
Authors: Aschenbach René , Diamantis Ioannis , Bürckenmeyer Florian , Zanow Jürgen , Settmacher Utz , Teichgräber Ulf Karl-Martin , Franiel Tobias 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEchte Viszeralarterienaneurysmata (VAA) und Viszeralarterienpseudoaneurysmata (VAPA) treten im Stromgebiet des Truncus coeliacus, der A. mesenterica superior und der A. mesenterica inferior auf. Neben der operativen Therapie stellt die endovaskuläre Versorgung viszeraler Aneurysmata sowie Pseudoaneurysmata eine interventionelle Alternativmethode dar, die sich in den letzten beiden Dekaden sprunghaft entwickelt hat und in vielen Zentren als Methode der ersten Wahl gilt. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich durch eine hohe technische Erfolgsrate bei niedriger Komplikationsrate aus. Der vorliegende Artikel zeigt die Grundprinzipien der endovaskulären Versorgung auf und diskutiert den Stellenwert sowie die Limitierungen des Verfahrens.
Craniovertebral Junction Anomalies in Small Breed Dogs with Atlantoaxial Instability: A Multicentre Case–Control Study
Authors: Vidondo Beatriz , Carrera Inés , Hernandez-Guerra Angel , Moissonnier Pierre , Plessas Ioannis , Schmidt Martin , Schnötzinger Dietmar , Forterre Franck , Precht Christina , Waschk Maja 
Published: January 2019

Objective The main purpose of this study was to define criteria to systemically describe craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies and to report the prevalence of CVJ anomalies in small breed dogs with and without atlantoaxial instability (AAI).
Materials and Methods Retrospective multicentre matched case–control study evaluating magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic images of small breed dogs with and without AAI for the presence of CVJ anomalies.
Results One hundred and twenty-two dogs were enrolled (61 with and 61 without AAI). Only dogs with AAI had dens axis anomalies such as separation (n = 20) or a short-rounded conformation (n = 35). Patients with AAI were more likely to have atlantooccipital overlapping based on transection of McRae's line by the dorsal arch of the atlas (odds ratio [OR] = 5.62, p < 0.01), a transection of Wackenheim's clivus line (OR = 41.62, p < 0.01) and rostral indentation of the occipital bone (OR = 2.79, p < 0.05). Patients with AAI were less likely to have a larger clivus canal angle (OR = 0.94, p < 0.01) and larger occipital bone lengths (OR = 0.89, p < 0.05).
Clinical Significance Small breed dogs with AAI are more likely to have other CVJ anomalies such as atlantooccipital overlapping or dens anomalies. The grade of brachycephaly does not differ between patients with and without AAI. Certain objective criteria from human literature were found useful for the assessment of both AAI and atlantooccipital overlapping such as McRae's line, Wackenheim's clivus line, and clivus canal angle. The classification criteria used can help to evaluate CVJ anomalies in a more systematic way.
Residual adenoma after cold snare polypectomy for small colorectal adenomas: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Maruoka Daisuke , Arai Makoto , Akizue Naoki , Ishikawa Kentaro , Kasamatsu Shingo , Taida Takashi , Ishigami Hideaki , Okimoto Kenichiro , Saito Keiko , Matsumura Tomoaki , Nakagawa Tomoo , Katsuno Tatsuro , Kato Naoya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Endoscopic resection of all colonic adenomas prevents the occurrence of colon cancer and death. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinical Guideline recommends resection of all polyps predicted to be adenomas and cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for removal of adenomas ≤ 9 mm on the basis of safety; however, it also states that this recommendation lacks adequate evidence of efficacy. The residual adenoma rate after resection is an important indicator of efficacy, but there have been no reports showing this prospectively. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the residual adenoma rate after CSP of small colonic polyps.
Methods Between March 2015 and April 2017, patients who were endoscopically diagnosed with colorectal adenomas < 9 mm underwent CSP, the site being marked with endoscopic clips. Patients with pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent follow-up colonoscopy 3 weeks after CSP and any post-CSP scars were biopsied. The primary endpoint was the presence of pathological residual adenoma 3 weeks after CSP.
Results Overall, 126 lesions in 39 patients were removed and 125 (99.2 %) were resected en bloc using CSP. Pathologically, 111 lesions (88.1 %) were confirmed as adenomas (4.2 ± 1.5 mm), with 36 of these (32.4 %) determined to be R0 resections. No complications were observed. All 37 patients with pathologically confirmed adenomas underwent follow-up colonoscopy, and 102 of 111 scars were detected in 33 patients. One pathological residual adenoma (0.98 %, 95 % confidence interval 0.02 % – 5.3 %) was identified.
Conclusions CSP appears to be an effective treatment for diminutive and small colorectal adenomas, with a low residual adenoma rate.
Long-term evidence of cultural agenda setting
Authors: Zakakis Nikos , Noikokyris Emmanouil , Bantimaroudis Philemon , Panagiotidis Theodore 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The current study draws evidence from the Smithsonian Institution while examining a classic agenda-setting hypothesis during a
period of 30 years in relation to media attention of the Smithsonian and a behavioral index of public salience, – namely its
long-term, monthly visits. Second, it explores a larger theoretical concern often expressed by scholars in terms of the
agenda-setting function over two different eras, the analog and the digital media periods.
Measuring public opinion formation
Authors: Kowalewski Jennifer , McCombs Maxwell 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor the past 50 years since the seminal agenda-setting study, scholars have continued to make strides in understanding the importance mass communication plays in public opinion formation. Although scholars have measured both first- and second-level agenda setting often using open-ended response, more close-ended measures might assist in measuring the theory, adding to the rich data. This experimental study directly compared open-ended responses shown to gauge an agenda-setting effect with close-ended responses to enhance the assessment of both first- and second-level agenda setting. The findings identified close-ended scales, including news salience, social salience, personal salience, and feelings salience, that add to the precision of measuring the salience of issues and attributes, indicating we have alternative measures to gauge agenda setting.