bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribuição espacial e temporal da incidência da hansení­ase em menores de 15 anos em Manaus
Authors: Costa Fernandes Marcos Vinicius , Fontes Esteves Arinte Véras , Dos Santos Cláudia Benetida , De Castro Daniel Barros 
Published: May 2019

Introdução: A hansení­ase é uma doença milenar, permanecendo no século XXI como um grande desafio í saúde pública mundial. Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal da incidência de hansení­ase em menores de 15 anos no municí­pio de Manaus, no perí­odo de 2009 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico de caráter descritivo do tipo ecológico, com unidade de análise dos bairros. Os dados foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações. As unidades de análises foram classificadas de acordo com o grau de endemicidade. Foram calculadas as taxas de incidência para cada ano; em seguida, para analisar a distribuição espacial e temporal foram construí­dos mapas temáticos, com o software QGIS. Resultados: No perí­odo de 2009 a 2015 foram notificados 173 casos novos de hansení­ase em menores de 15 anos em Manaus. Os indicadores apresentaram um gradiente, na distribuição por zonas, apontando cinco áreas onde se concentram bairros com taxas de detecção classificados entre média e elevada incidência, que são os bairros das regiões Norte, Sul, Leste, Centro-sul. Conclusão: O conhecimento detalhado do municí­pio de Manaus, observando o processo saúde-doença da hansení­ase em menores de 15 anos, descreveu a magnitude e distribuição desse problema de saúde pública.Palavras-chave: criança, hansení­ase, epidemiologia.
Education in Southeast Asia: Shaping the Asian Intellectuals
Authors: Padilla-Valdez Nena 
Published: May 2019

With the view that the quality of human resource is the greatest transformational assest, the education of the Asian region strives in building a critical mass of k-economy citizens. Stimulating the educational system to move toward this direction resonates the seriousness of Asian institutions in seiving their traditions, overcoming their intricacies, and embracing uncertainties with positive anticipation. The presence of a critical mass ofÂ academics postulates the urgency of changing organizational needs, and correspondingly increasing their absorptive capacity asÂ they respond to the intense competitive pressures being generated by an increasingly global economy. This paper explores the transitional changes the education system have rendered to boost regional integration. More specifically, it highlights the initiatives higher education institutions have adapted as they align their development thrusts to regional and national expectations. Likewise, it challenges local intellectuals to develop a macro perspective of flexibility while the changing educational priorities converge toward acceptable global practice.
INTEGRATION OF CRITICAL LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING AS A MEANS OF ENHANCING NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF INDONESIA
Authors: Saragih Amrin 
Published: May 2019

Disintegration is now internally threatening Indonesia.Â It is assumed that the problem is caused by cultural misunderstanding.Â The cultural misunderstanding has resulted in intolerance and radicalism of group ideology.Â For years Indonesia with its 250 million populations has been peacefully living together with Pancasila ideology in which unity in cultural diversities is highly appreciated and respected.Â The root of problem lies in the practice of education and obviously the best solution is through education.Â One of the solutions to the problem is by integrating critical literacy principles in the field of Englsih language learning.Â Principles of critical multicultural and global literacy can be integrated in English language learning.Â Theory of systemic functional linguistic (SFL) is in line with and contributes to the principles of critical literacy.Â This paper combines principles of critical literacy and those of SFL in developing language learning materials.Â It is expected that by integration of critical literacy principles and those of SFL in the practice of English language education, Indonesia can avoid disruptions of national disinttegration and regain national unity in harmony.
Application of Markov chains to Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in São Francisco River Basin
Authors: Santos Esdras Adriano Barbosa dos , Stosic Tatijana , Barreto Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho , Campos Laélia , Silva Antonio Samuel Alves da 
Published: May 2019

This work evaluated dry and rainy conditions in the subregions of the São Francisco River Basin (BHSF) using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Markov chains. Each subregion of the BHSF has specific physical and climatic characteristics. The data was obtained from the National Water Agency (ANA), collected by four pluviometric stations (representative of each subregion), covering 46 years of data, from 1970 to 2015. The SPI was calculated for the time scales of six and twelve months and transition probabilities were obtained using the Markov chain. Transition matrices showed that, at both scales, if the climate conditions were severe drought or rainy, switching to another class would be unlikely in the short term. Correlating this information with the probabilities of the stationary distribution, it was possible to find the regions that are most likely to be under rainy or dry weather in the future. The recurrence times calculated for the stations that belong to the semi-arid region were smaller when compared to the value of the return period of the representative station of Upper São Francisco that has higher levels of precipitation, confirming the predisposition of the semi-arid region to present greater chances of future periods of drought.
Sobolev’s Inequality for Riesz Potentials of Functions in Musielak–Orlicz–Morrey Spaces Over Non-doubling Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Ohno Takao , Shimomura Tetsu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to establish a generalization of Sobolev’s inequality for Riesz potentials$I_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(\,\cdot \,),\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}f$of order$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(\,\cdot \,)$with$f\in L^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7},\unicode[STIX]{x1D705},\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}(X)$over bounded non-doubling metric measure spaces. As a corollary we obtain Sobolev’s inequality for double phase functionals with variable exponents.
Detecting Creative Accounting in Businesses in Financial Distress
Authors: Arnis Nikolaos , Karamanis Konstantinos , Kolias Georgios 
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates whether the management of firms in financial distress applies creative accounting techniques in order to fine-tune the elements of their financial statements. For this purpose, the financial statements of 385 Greek bankrupt firms of the trade and manufacturing sectors for the period 2003 to 2014 were analyzed. The sample was divided into two sub periods; in the period before the financial crisis, that is from 2003 to 2008, and the period 2009 to 2014 during which the Greek economy was in crisis and recession. By applying factor analysis, five financial ratios were selected, which formed the independent variables in a Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and Logit models in order to find those firms which, while they were bankrupt they were classified in the last period of their operation as healthy (type I error).By selecting these firms (common to both models), their accounting data for the last two years before they went bankrupt have been investigated in order to determine whether they have been affected by the application of creative accounting methods. The results showed that the management of some of the selected firms applied creative accounting techniques during the last year of operation before their bankruptcy, which led to the manipulation and falsification of the published financial statements during the period before the financial crisis. However, this is not the case for the period 2009 to 2014, because the economic crisis affects the behavior of managers in applying creative accounting, which is owing to the changes in market rules.
Decentralisatie, schaalvergroting en lokale democratie
Authors: Boogers Marcel , Reussing Rik 
Published: May 2019

Decentralization, scaling-up and local democracy
In this article in the series on the local democratic audit, the authors discuss the relationship between decentralization, scaling-up and local democracy. Decentralizations and scaling-up operations have changed the face of local government in the Netherlands considerably in recent decades. What have the consequences for the functioning of local democracy been? Although decentralizations aim to increase democratic control of government tasks, decentralizations appear to have weakened local democracy in two ways. First of all, they have led to a substantial scaling-up of the local government, through municipal amalgamations and especially through the formation of regional partnerships. Regionalization in particular has had all kinds of negative consequences for the functioning of local democracy. Decentralization policy itself has also weakened the steering and controlling role of the city council – certainly in the short term – while decentralization presupposes that the city council has a strong role in coordinating decentralized policy with local wishes and circumstances. We can speak of a ‘double decentralization paradox’ that entails both bottlenecks and opportunities. From the legislator’s side, therefore, an integral vision for the organization of domestic governance is needed.
Van transitie naar transformatie van de jeugdhulp
Authors: Boerma Nanko , Bröcking Bert 
Published: May 2019

From transition to transformation of youth aid. Does the transaction cost theory offer starting points for better quality, less implementation costs and lower administrative costs?
In the implementation of the Dutch Youth Act, since the so-called ‘transition’ of 2015 under the responsibility of the municipalities, there are three major problems: the municipalities are short of money, the implementation of youth aid is accompanied by high administrative burdens and there are serious quality concerns, especially where different care providers must work together for one client. This article deals with the possibilities of the economic transaction cost theory for realizing improvements through organizing more effective collaboration between municipalities and healthcare providers. Transactions are a ‘forgotten’ cost source. There are three sources of transaction costs: limited rationality, opportunistic behavior and ‘asset specificity.’ In this article the authors analyze twelve problems documented in the literature on youth care from this perspective. This creates a framework from which municipalities can tackle these problems in order to improve the quality of youth care, to keep costs under control and to reduce the administrative burden. In a number of sectors and large projects ‘linking zones’ appear to be a way to increase the trust between players in a chain, so that transaction costs fall. Where poor cooperation between chain partners in youth care is a major cause of the problems, municipalities can make significant gains by establishing linking zones with care providers contracted by them. This article outlines the method in a linking zone.
Een wolf onder de wolven. Ethiek en Ethische Commissies in criminologisch onderzoek naar ‘the powerful’
Authors: Faria Rita , Eski Yarin 
Published: May 2019

A wolf among wolves: Ethics committees in criminological research on the powerful
For quite some years now, crimes of ‘the powerful’ have been studied by criminologists. While researching crimes of ‘the powerful’, researchers aim to maintain and safeguard their integrity and ethics. However, there seems to be a friction between, on the one hand, ethics of the researchers themselves and on the other hand, ethics (policies) of universities. Obviously, not only do they have to justify their actions and decisions to themselves and ‘science’ as a whole, they must justify their research to ethics committees (EC’s) of universities. It could result in complex and difficult situations when researchers suspect that EC’s themselves may be instruments and products of the powerful groups they are studying. In that case, EC’s might undermine ethics and research integrity themselves. What do certain EC- ‘conditions’ look like for research ethics and to which extent do they have to be adjusted or reconsidered when criminologists are researching ‘the powerful’? The key question that will be answered in this contribution is as follows: how can criminologist (re)act ethically responsibly when confronted with (un)ethical committees? To answer this and other relevant questions, after reviewing literature, we reflect on a biographical study of a legal arms trader. We then elaborate on the ‘ethics creep’ (Haggerty, 2004) that seems to haunt social sciences nowadays.
Improved differential evolutionary algorithm for nonlinear identification of a novel vibration‐assisted swing cutting system
Authors: Lu Mingming , Wang Hao , Zhao Dongpo , Lin Jieqiong , Gu Yan , Yi Allen 
Published: May 2019

SummaryVibration‐assisted swing cutting (VASC) is a new precision machining technology. VASC not only inherits the characteristics of EVC intermittent cutting but also alleviates the problem of EVC residual height. However, system identification is key if you want to achieve precise control. In order to solve this problem, a new improved differential evolutionary (IDE) algorithm is proposed to identify and optimize the Hammerstein‐Wiener model parameter in VASC system. IDE algorithm is applied to transform the identification problem of the model into the optimization problem in the parameter space, and the optimal solution of the parameter of the model in the parameter space is obtained. Meanwhile, the IDE algorithm and the conventional five differential evolutionary algorithms perform performance comparison tests on six different test functions. The test results show that the IDE algorithm is strengthening the global search capability, accelerate the convergence rate to the global optimal solution, and indicate that the IDE algorithm can be effectively applied to the parameter optimization of Hammerstein‐winner model. Based on the input and output data collected from the experiment, the accuracy of the identification model can be up to 98%, which prove the superiority of the proposed IDE algorithm for system identification.
Beyond Seashells: Bioinspired 2D Photonic and Photoelectronic Devices
Authors: Sun Ziqi , Liao Ting , Li Wenxian , Qiao Yanxin , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe discovery of novel materials that possess extraordinary optical properties are of special interest, as they inspire systems for next‐generation solar energy harvesting and conversion devices. Learning from nature has inspired the development of many photonic nanomaterials with fascinating structural colors. 2D photonic nanostructures, inspired by the attractive optical properties found on the inner surfaces of seashells, are fabricated in a facile and scalable way. The shells generate shining clusters for preying on phototactic creatures through interaction with incident solar light in water. By alternately depositing graphene and 2D ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets to form 2D–2D heterostructures and homostructures, seashell‐inspired nanomaterials with well‐controlled parameters are successfully achieved. They exhibit exceptional interlayer charge transfer properties and ultrafast in‐plane electron mobility and present fascinating nacre‐mimicking optical properties and significantly enhanced light‐response behavior when acting as photoelectrodes. A window into the fabrication of novel 2D photonic structures and devices is opened, paving the way for the design of high‐performance solar‐energy harvesting and conversion devices.
Electrolyte‐Gated Synaptic Transistor with Oxygen Ions
Authors: Huang He‐Yi , Ge Chen , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Liu Chang‐Xiang , Du Jian‐Yu , Li Jian‐Kun , Wang Can , Gu Lin , Yang Guo‐Zhen , Jin Kui‐Juan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArtificial synaptic devices are the essential hardware of neuromorphic computing systems, which can simultaneously perform signal processing and information storage between two neighboring artificial neurons. Emerging electrolyte‐gated transistors have attracted much attention for efficient synaptic emulation by using an addition gate terminal. Here, an electrolyte‐gated synaptic device based on the SrCoOx (SCO) films is proposed. It is demonstrated that the reversible modulation of SCO phase transforms the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 and perovskite SrCoO3−δ
, through controlling the insertion and extraction of oxygen ions with electrolyte gating. Nonvolatile multilevel conduction states can be realized in the SCO films following this route. The synaptic functions such as the long‐term potentiation and depression of synaptic weight, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity, as well as spiking logic operations in the device are successfully mimicked. These results provide an alternative avenue for future neuromorphic devices via electrolyte‐gated transistors with oxygen ions.
Design Principles of Ionic Liquids for Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Tanner Eden E. L. , Curreri Alexander M. , Balkaran Joel P. R. , Selig‐Wober Nadia C. , Yang Andrew B. , Kendig Carter , Fluhr Matthias P. , Kim Nicole , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents have shown great promise in drug delivery applications. Choline‐based ILs, in particular choline and geranic acid (CAGE), have been used to enhance the transdermal delivery of several small and large molecules. However, detailed studies outlining the design principles of ILs for transdermal drug delivery are still lacking. Using two model drugs of differing hydrophilicities, acarbose and ruxolitinib and 16 ILs, the dependence of skin penetration on the chemical properties of ILs is examined. First, the impact of ion stoichiometry on skin penetration of drugs is assessed using CAGE, which evidences that a molar ratio of 1:2 of choline to geranic acid yields the highest delivery. Subsequently, variants of CAGE are prepared using anions with structural similarity to geranic acid and cations with structural similarity to choline at a ratio of 1:2. Mechanistic studies reveal that the potency of ILs in enhancing transdermal drug delivery correlates inversely with the inter‐ionic interactions as determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Using this understanding, a new IL is designed, and it provides the highest delivery of ruxolitinib of all ILs tested here. Overall, these studies provide a generalized framework for optimizing ILs for enhancing skin permeability.
Spore‐Based Water‐Resistant Water‐Responsive Actuators with High Power Density
Authors: Cakmak Onur , El Tinay Hassan O. , Chen Xi , Sahin Ozgur 
Published: May 2019

AbstractActive materials and surfaces that are less intrusive and more compatible with humans and their environment are critical for robotic applications. Humidity‐ and water‐responsive materials are emerging as versatile alternatives to commonly used actuators in robotic systems, due to ease of actuation with humidity gradients and pervasiveness of water in the environment. However, these materials exhibit relatively low work densities and slow responses, and they are degraded when placed in direct contact with water. Recent work has shown that as a humidity‐responsive material, Bacillus spores exhibit high work density actuation. Here, spore‐based actuators containing water‐resistant UV‐curable adhesives are reported. These adhesives improve the work and power density of spore‐based actuators, allow patterning of actuators with lithographic approaches and, importantly, provide water resistance to the resulting actuators. As a result, it is possible to demonstrate spore‐based actuators driven directly with liquid water, which increase the actuation speed and power by nearly 100‐fold. These developments might facilitate broader use of humidity‐ and water‐driven actuators in robotics and related applications.
Nonlinear Few‐Layer MXene‐Assisted All‐Optical Wavelength Conversion at Telecommunication Band
Authors: Song Yufeng , Chen Yunxiang , Jiang Xiantao , Ge Yanqi , Wang Yunzheng , You Kaixi , Wang Ke , Zheng Jilin , Ji Jianhua , Zhang Yupeng , Li Jianqing , Zhang Han 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOptical signal processing based on 2D materials is a hot topic which has attracted rising interests. As a novel class of 2D material, MXene is becoming a promising nonlinear photonics material. In this contribution, MXene Ti3C2Tx, prepared by liquid acid etching method, is developed as a novel all‐optical device by depositing on a microfiber, which shows an excellent nonlinear optical response at the telecommunication band. The as‐fabricated device is employed as a wavelength converter based on the nonlinear four‐wave mixing effect with a conversion efficiency of –59 dB carrying a 10 GHz signal. The proposed all‐optical wavelength converter based on MXene Ti3C2Tx can play a remarkable role in the future of optical communications and optical information processing.
Manipulation for Superposition of Orbital Angular Momentum States in Surface Plasmon Polaritons
Authors: Zhang YuQin , Zeng XiangYu , Ma Li , Zhang RuiRui , Zhan ZiJun , Chen Chao , Ren XiaoRong , He ChangWei , Liu ChunXiang , Cheng ChuanFu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSuperposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states and the structured intensity are providing new approaches for manipulating optical information and light–matter interactions. While superposition of OAMs in free space has been well studied, further extensions to surface plasmon polariton (SPP) confined in near‐field would be crucial for miniaturing and integrating platforms. Here, the plasmonic metasurfaces consisting of rotated nanoslits arranged in a segmented spiral are proposed to realize the superposition of two SPP OAM states. The nanoslit rotation and the azimuthally variant radius of segmented spiral introduce the spin‐dependent geometric phase and position‐dependent dynamic phase, respectively, and combination of two phases generates two incorporating OAM states. By designing metasurfaces with different parameters, the superposition of two different OAM states and complex structured pattern can be achieved. The four degrees of freedom including rotation order q, spiral order m, initial orientation angle α0, and incident circular polarization σ, enable the superposition of SPP OAM states in a straightforward and flexible manner. This work would be of significance for applications of OAMs such as micro‐manipulations, optical trapping, and sensitive angular metrology.