bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical composition of two warm‐season perennial grasses subjected to proportions of defoliation
Authors: Schmitt Daniel , Padilha Deisy Andrade , Dias Kamila Maciel , Santos Gabriela Trevisan , Rodolfo Giselle Regina , Zanini Guilherme Doneda , Sbrissia André Fischer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to assess the effect of pre‐grazing heights and proportions of defoliation on morphological and chemical composition of the grazing layer of two warm‐season perennial grasses of contrasting structures (tall tufted grass—elephant grass, Exp. I; small size stoloniferous grass—kikuyu grass, Exp. II) under intermittent stocking management. The treatments were as follows: Exp. I—factorial arrangement between two pre‐grazing heights (90 and 120 cm) and two proportions of defoliation (removal of 50% or 70% of the initial pre‐grazing heights); Exp. II—four pre‐grazing heights (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm) combined with the same proportion of defoliation (50% of the initial pre‐grazing heights). Forage samples were collected at pre‐grazing heights and clipped into the grazing layer (cutting heights defined by treatments). The following variables were analyzed: (a) forage mass; (b) proportion of leaves, stems, and dead material; (c) crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents. In a general way, there were no significant differences in morphological and chemical composition of the grazing layer of treatments with proportions of defoliation of 50%. Although the treatments of 70% (Exp. I) and 10 cm (Exp. II) showed some differences, both targets impaired the grazing process and were considered as unpractical under field situations. It was concluded that forage chemical composition of warm‐season perennial grasses does not change in the upper half of the sward within a range of pre‐grazing heights, provided moderate proportions of defoliation (around 50%) are used.
Correlation between hepatic oxidative damage and clinical severity and mitochondrial gene sequencing results in biliary atresia
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Xu Jiayin , Xia Mingyang , Yang Yifan , Shen Zhen , Chen Gong , Dong Rui , Zheng Shan 
Published: February 2019

AimTo assess the level of hepatic oxidative damage and its correlation with clinical severity in biliary atresia (BA), and to understand BA mitochondrial gene sequencing.MethodsForty‐eight BA patients and 28 control subjects (20 hepatoblastoma and 8 cholestasis patients) were enrolled. Hepatic oxidative damage was assessed by the expression of oxidation and antioxidant genes, and the correlation between oxidative damage and BA incidence, liver inflammation, and fibrosis was evaluated. Moreover, 8‐hydroxyguanine (8‐OHdG), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, and mitochondrial gene sequences were determined to evaluate oxidative mtDNA damage in BA.ResultsThe expression of oxidation gene cytochrome b‐245 beta chain (CYBB) in BA was significantly increased and patients with a higher CYBB expression had the higher risk of BA incidence, liver inflammation, and cirrhosis. However, the expression of antioxidant genes was significantly decreased, and glutathione S‐transferase alpha 1 (GSTA1) negatively correlated with BA incidence and cirrhosis. When GSTA1 mRNA expression was <0.5487, the sensitivity was 80.85% and the specificity was 80% for BA diagnosis. Moreover, 8‐OHdG was increased, whereas mtDNA copy number was significantly decreased in BA. Using mitochondrial gene sequencing, 10 mutation sites were identified, and one family showed a maternal inheritance in genetic loci 15 326.ConclusionsIn BA, oxidative damage positively correlated with BA incidence, liver inflammation, and cirrhosis. GSTA1 could be a novel diagnostic indicator. Genetic loci 15 326 could be a maternal genetic mutation site. Taken together, antioxidation therapy after Kasai surgery might have great potential in relieving liver inflammation and fibrosis in BA patients.
New roles and challenges for health information specialists: professional changes over the years
Authors: Pizzarelli Scilla , Cammarano Rosaria Rosanna , Sampaolo Letizia , Della Seta Maurella 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, guest writers from the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Italy, the leading scientific technical body of the Italian National Health Service present a historic case study considering the role and evolution of the information specialists at their institution over a twenty year period. The paper places a particular emphasis on the initiatives undertaken in consumer health information and health literacy promotion, in order to improve public health in Italy. Areas covered include the development of online health information provision, early strategies to support the improvement of health literacy, and national projects and collaborations.H.S.
Valproic acid and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome: a systematic review of descriptive studies
Authors: Rashid Muhammed , Kashyap Ananth , Undela Krishna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractValproic acid (VPA) is a commonly used antiepileptic drug (AED). Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis are the rare but fatal cutaneous adverse drug reactions for VPA. We aimed to identify and critically evaluate all the literature of SJS in association with VPA and to describe the clinical features of the condition. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed from inception to December 2017 and updated in July 2018 without any restrictions, and the references of included studies were also searched. The descriptive studies discussing any patients who experienced SJS followed by the use of VPA alone or along with any other AED for its main indication were included. Two authors were independently involved in the study selection and data extraction. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or by the discussion with a third reviewer. A total of 19 studies including 17 case reports and two case series of 98 were included in the review. In all studies, the dose of VPA ranged from 100 mg/day to a maximum dose of 1,000 mg/day and was administered for indications including epilepsy, seizures, schizophrenic affective disorders, and bipolar disorder. The mortality seen with severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions can be decreased by immediate withdrawal of opposing medications, providing symptomatic relief, and offering supportive care, all of which are the mainstay of controlling the condition. It is essential for healthcare professionals to be aware of the importance of monitoring SJS or any other cutaneous reactions followed by the use of valproic acid even though the incidence is low, but it is injurious to the patient.
Revisiting diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis: Borderline cases without anemia exist
Authors: Li Peng , Shahmarvand Nahid , Lynch David , Gotlib Jason R. , Merker Jason D. , Zehnder James L. , George Tracy I. , Ohgami Robert S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionMyelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN‐RS‐T) is a rare disease in the 2016 revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Diagnostic criteria include the following: persistent thrombocytosis (>450 × 109/L) with clustering of atypical megakaryocytes, refractory anemia, dyserythropoiesis with ring sideroblasts, and the presence of the spliceosome factor 3b subunit (SF3B1) mutation. It is unclear if anemia should be a required criterion for this diagnosis as cases which show all other features of MDS/MPN‐RS‐T but without anemia exist.MethodsWe searched for borderline cases of MDS/MPN‐RS‐T in which refractory anemia was absent at diagnosis in two major academic institutes.ResultsThree cases without anemia were identified. These cases all showed other classic morphologic and clinical features of MDS/MPN‐RS‐T, including thrombocytosis, atypical megakaryocytes with clustering, and characteristic SF3B1 and JAK2 V617F mutations.ConclusionGiven these findings, the requirement of refractory anemia as a diagnostic criterion for MDS/MPN‐RS‐T should be re‐evaluated. Removal of refractory anemia as a diagnostic criterion would incorporate current borderline cases and extend the spectrum of this disorder.
Longitudinal pathways linking family risk, neural risk processing, delay discounting, and adolescent substance use
Authors: Kim‐Spoon Jungmeen , Lauharatanahirun Nina , Peviani Kristin , Brieant Alexis , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Bickel Warren K. , King‐Casas Brooks 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCurrent theories in neuroscience emphasize the crucial role of individual differences in the brain contributing to the development of risk taking during adolescence. Yet, little is known about developmental pathways through which family risk factors are related to neural processing of risk during decision making, ultimately contributing to health risk behaviors. Using a longitudinal design, we tested whether neural risk processing, as affected by family multi‐risk index, predicted delay discounting and substance use.MethodOne hundred and fifty‐seven adolescents (aged 13–14 years at Time 1, 52% male) were assessed annually three times. Family multi‐risk index was measured by socioeconomic adversity, household chaos, and family risk‐taking behaviors. Delay discounting was assessed by a computerized task, substance use by questionnaire data, and risk‐related neural processing by blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) responses in the amygdala during a lottery choice task.ResultsFamily multi‐risk index at Time 1 was related to adolescent substance use at Time 3 (after controlling for baseline substance use) indirectly through heightened amygdala sensitivity to risks and greater delay discounting.ConclusionsOur results elucidate the crucial role of neural risk processing in the processes linking family multi‐risk index and the development of substance use. Furthermore, risk‐related amygdala activation and delay discounting are important targets in the prevention and treatment of substance use among adolescents growing up in high‐risk family environments.
Frontal brain delta‐beta correlation, salivary cortisol, and social anxiety in children
Authors: Poole Kristie L. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCorrelated activity of slow‐wave (e.g. delta) and fast‐wave (e.g. beta) frontal brain oscillations is thought to be an electrophysiological correlate of individual differences in neuroendocrine activity and anxiety in adult samples. We know, however, relatively little about the physiological and functional correlates of delta‐beta coupling in children.MethodWe examined whether longitudinal patterns of children's basal salivary cortisol and social anxiety across two visits separated by 1 year were associated with frontal brain delta‐beta correlation in children (Mage = 7.59 years, SD = 1.70). At Time 1 (T1), resting baseline electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were collected from the children and delta and beta power was measured, and at both T1 and Time 2 (T2), basal salivary cortisol was measured, and parents reported on children's symptoms of social anxiety.ResultsUsing latent class growth curve analysis, we found that children's salivary cortisol across visits was characterized by a high, stable class (53%), and a low, unstable class (47%), and children's social anxiety was characterized by a high, stable class (50%) and a low, stable class (50%). Using Fisher's r‐to‐z transformation, we found that frontal EEG delta‐beta correlation was significantly stronger among children with high, stable salivary cortisol levels (compared to the low, unstable class; z = 2.11, p = .02), and among children with high, stable social anxiety levels (compared to the low, stable class; z = 1.72, p = .04).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that longitudinal patterns of neuroendocrine stress activity and social anxiety may be associated with the correlation of EEG power in slow and fast frontal brain oscillations as early as childhood.
Sunbed use legislation in Europe: assessment of current status
Authors: Longo M.I. , Bulliard J.L. , Correia O. , Maier H. , Magnússon S.M. , Konno P. , Goad N. , Duarte A.F. , Oláh J. , Nilsen L.T.N. , Peris K. , Karls R. , Forsea A.M. , del Marmol V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of UV‐emitting tanning devices for cosmetic purposes is associated with an increased risk of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Young women are the most frequent users, therefore, there is an increasing concern about the regulation of sunbed use.ObjectiveThe primary objective is to assess the current legislation on sunbed use among European countries.MethodsWe developed a 30‐item questionnaire to gather the most relevant information about sunbed use legislation. The questionnaire was sent to Euromelanoma coordinators and to designated coordinators out of the Euromelanoma network.ResultsWe obtained a response rate of 64%. More than 25% of the countries did not report any specific legislation. Roughly one‐third of the countries does not have a restriction for minors. Even in countries with a specific legislation, a lack or insufficient enforcement of age limit was observed in up to 100% of the inspections based on the PROSAFE report from 2012. Self‐tanning devices were reported in 50%, and almost 40% of countries do not require supervision of use. Although a warning display is required in 77% of cases, a signed informed consent is not required in 80%. In the vast majority of cases, the number of licensed or closed tanning centres is unknown.ConclusionsDespite the evidence of its harmful effects, and its frequent use by young people, many of whom are at high risk of skin cancer because of fair skin, a significant number of European countries lack a specific legislation on tanning devices. In order to limit the access of young people to sunbeds, a more strictly enforced regulation is needed, as well as regulation regarding advertisement, and location of tanning centres, in addition to health promotion campaigns that target the vulnerable population of young women seeking its use for improved cosmesis.
Cancer league actions against sunbed use for skin cancer prevention
Authors: Yared W. , Boonen B. , McElwee G. , Ferguson M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe incidence of non‐melanoma and melanoma skin cancer has been rising in Europe. Although the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer has since 2009 classified sunbeds as a Group 1 carcinogen, sunbed use, especially by those under the age of 18, continues to be a concern. As the only platform for cancer leagues in Europe, the Association of European Cancer Leagues decided to explore interest and actions by its member leagues at the national level against sunbed use, to share experiences and to provide background information on possible future collective actions at the EU level.
Epidemiological evidence of carcinogenicity of sunbed use and of efficacy of preventive measures
Authors: Gandini S. , Doré J.‐F. , Autier P. , Greinert R. , Boniol M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe International Agency for Research on Cancer classified, in July 2009, exposure to artificial tanning devices (sunbeds) as carcinogenic to humans. This classification was based on evidence from epidemiological and experimental animal studies. The present chapter will review these epidemiological evidences. The summary risk estimates from 27 epidemiological studies obtained through a meta‐analysis showed an increased risk of melanoma: summary relative risk (SRR) = 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.34]. The risk was higher when exposure took place at younger age (SRR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.36–1.85). The risk was independent of skin sensitivity or population and a dose response was evident. A meta‐analysis of 12 studies was conducted for non‐melanoma skin cancers and showed a significantly increased risk for basal cell carcinoma (SRR = 1.29; 95% CI 1.08–1.53) and for squamous cell carcinoma (SRR = 1.67; 95% CI 1.29–2.17). As for melanoma, the risk for other skin cancers increased for first exposures at young age. Epidemiological studies have gradually strengthened the evidence for a causal relationship between indoor tanning and skin cancer and they fit with prior knowledge on relationship between UV exposure and skin cancer. Additionally, several case–control studies provided consistent evidence of a positive association between use of sunbed and ocular melanoma, also with greater risk for first exposures at younger age. Preventive measures based on information on risk or by requiring parental authorization for young users proved to be inefficient in several studies. The significant impact of strong actions or total ban, such as performed in Iceland, or a total ban of sunbed use, as in Brazil or Australian states, needs to be further assessed.
Genotypic diversity among Shewanella spp. collected from freshwater fish
Authors: Paździor Ewa , Pękala‐Safińska Agnieszka , Wasyl Dariusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDifferent Shewanella species are isolated both from healthy and from diseased fish. To date, contemporary methods do not provide sufficient insight to determine species and detail differentiation between tested strains. Bacteria isolated from cultured (n = 33), wild (n = 12) and ornamental (n = 6) fish, as well as several reference strains, were tested by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ERIC‐PCR and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) assays. Our study indicates that isolates collected from freshwater fish were genetically diverse. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, bacteria were clustered into groups S. putrefaciens, S. xiamenensis and S. oneidensis. Some isolates were classified only to genus Shewanella; thus, 16S rRNA gene analyses were not enough to determine the species. ERIC‐PCR revealed 49 different genotype profiles indicating that the method might be useful for differentiation of Shewanella isolates irrespectively to species identification, contrary to PFGE which is not suitable for Shewanella typing.
Neuroprotective effect of pharmacological postconditioning on cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion-induced injury in mice
Authors: Grewal Amarjot Kaur , Singh Nirmal , Singh Thakur Gurjeet 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection rendered via pharmacological postconditioning in cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion-induced injury in mice.

Methods
Pharmacological postconditioning is strategy which either involves hindering deleterious pathway or inducing modest stress level which triggers intracellular defence pathway to sustain more vigorous insult leading to conditioning. Hence, in current research we explored the potentiality of CGS21680 (0.5 mg/kg; i.p), an adenosine A2A receptor agonist and PTEN inhibitor, SF1670 (3 mg/kg; i.p.) to trigger postconditioning after inducing cerebral global ischaemia (17 min) and reperfusion (24 h)-induced injury via occlusion of both carotid arteries. Mice were also given treatment with LY294002 (1.5 mg/kg; i.p.), a PI3K inhibitor and adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, Istradefylline (2 mg/kg; i.p.), to establish the precise mechanism of postconditioning. Various biochemical and behavioural parameters were assessed to examine the effect of pharmacological postconditioning.

Key Findings
Pharmacological postconditioning induced with CGS21680 and SF1670 attenuated the infarction along with improved behavioural and biochemical parameters in comparison with ischaemia–reperfusion control group. The outcome of postconditioning with CGS21680 and SF1670 was significantly reversed by LY294002 and Istradefylline, respectively.

Conclusions
The neuroprotective effects of CGS21680 and SF1670 postconditioning on cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury may be due to PI3K/Akt pathway activation.
Endothelin-1 increases CHSY-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells via transactivation of transforming growth factor β type I receptor induced by type B receptor endothelin-1
Authors: Seif Faezeh , Little Peter J , Niayesh-Mehr Reyhaneh , Zamanpour Masoumeh , Babaahmadi-Rezaei Hossein 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
TGF-β through hyperelongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains leads to binding of low-density lipoproteins to the proteoglycans. The vasoactive peptide, endothelin-1 (ET-1), plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. This study addressed the question whether ET-1 by activating the Rho kinase and cytoskeletal rearrangement can transactivate the TGF-β receptor leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factor Smad2 and increased expression of the GAG chain synthesizing enzyme such as chondroitin synthase-1 (CHSY-1) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs).

Methods
In this study, intermediates in ET-1-induced Smad2C phosphorylation and the protein level of CHSY-1 were identified and quantified by Western blotting.

Key findings
Endothelin-1 caused time-dependent phosphorylation of Smad2C which was inhibited in the presence of the endothelin B receptor antagonist, BQ788. The response to ET-1 was inhibited by the Rho/ROCK kinase antagonist, Y27632 and by cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization but the ET-1-mediated pSmad2C was not inhibited by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, GM6001. ET-1 increased CHSY-1 protein level, which was inhibited in the presence of BQ788, cytochalasin D and Y27632.

Conclusions
Endothelin-1 signalling via the ETB receptor utilizes cytoskeletal rearrangement and Rho kinase but not MMPs leading to TβRI transactivation signalling and phosphorylation of Smad2C and through this pathway increased the level of CHSY-1.
Individuals with Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities at Work?! Activities in Special Day Service Centers in Germany
Authors: Munde Vera S. , Vlaskamp Carla 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAll individuals have the right to participate in activities. Therefore, productive work or other meaningful activities can promote the individuals' quality of life. While realizing work related activities for individuals with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is an issue in clinical practice in general, special day service centers in Germany intend to provide work related activities for all individuals of the target group. The aim of the present study was to analyze the activities of all special day service centers in a northern urban region of Germany, in order to describe to what extent such activities could promote the work related quality of life of the individuals with PIMD. Four special day service centers participated in the present study. Data were collected in a diary for one individual with PIMD per group (n = 30). Goals and content were analyzed focusing on the relation with a work related quality of the life model (operationalized as interaction, experience of competences, and self‐determination). The results show that communication and self‐efficacy (as parts of interaction and experience of competences) are often goal and/or content of the presented activities. Stimulation of self‐determination was rarely ticked as a goal. The most important conclusion of the present study is that participation in work related activities of individuals with PIMD is possible. Including elements such as communication, motor activation, and experience of self‐efficacy, the activities can be described as activities promoting the quality of life in individuals with PIMD. Still, different types of special day service centers are needed. Focusing on either work related activities, education, and/or leisure activities accounts for the different needs of individuals with PIMD according to their different characteristics and different phases of life.