bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patches to improve skin wrinkles, dermal density, elasticity and hydration
Authors: Kang G. , Tu T. N. T. , Kim S. , Yang H. , Jang M. , Jo D. , Ryu J. , Baek J. , Jung H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveAlthough dissolving microneedle patches have been widely studied in the cosmetics field, no comparisons have been drawn with the topical applications available for routine use. In this study, two wrinkle‐improving products, adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patches and an adenosine cream, were evaluated for efficacy, with respect to skin wrinkling, dermal density, elasticity, and hydration, and safety in a clinical test on the crow's feet area.MethodsClinical efficacy and safety tests were performed for 10 weeks on 22 female subjects with wrinkles around their eyes. The adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patch was applied once every 3 days, in the evening, for 8 weeks to the designated crow's feet area. The adenosine cream was applied two times per day, in the morning and evening, for 8 weeks to the other crow's feet area. Skin wrinkling, dermal density, elasticity, and hydration were measured by using PRIMOS® premium, Dermascan® C, Cutometer® MPA580, and Corneometer® CM 825, respectively. In addition, subjective skin irritation was evaluated by self‐observation, and objective skin irritation was assessed through expert interviews.ResultsThe adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patches had a similar or better efficacy than the adenosine cream. Both groups showed statistically significant efficacy for almost all parameters (P < 0.05). The dissolving microneedle patches had a long‐lasting effect on the average wrinkle depth (P < 0.05), only showed efficacy in dermal density (P < 0.05), had an early improving effect on elasticity (P < 0.05), and demonstrated better hydration efficacy (P < 0.001). No adverse effects were observed in either group during the test period.ConclusionsIn the clinical efficacy test of four skin‐improvement parameters, adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patches showed the same or better effect than the adenosine cream, although the weekly adenosine dose was 140 times lower. The dissolving microneedle patches caused no adverse reactions. These adenosine‐loaded dissolving microneedle patches are expected to be safe, effective, and novel cosmetics for skin improvement.
In vitro water resistance testing using SPF simulation based on spectroscopic analysis of rinsed sunscreens
Authors: Sohn M. , Malburet C. , Caliskan G. , Büchse A. , Grumelard J. , Chambert M. , Herzog B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWater resistance retention (WRR) is the third performance attribute of sunscreens. Today, the standardized method for testing WRR is performed in vivo. For screening purposes, an in vitro method is highly preferable. Up to now, however, available methods have failed in accurately predicting in vivo WRR. In this study, we examine a novel in vitro approach aimed at enhancing in vivo prediction of WRR.MethodsWe investigated two approaches, including a traditional procedure referred to as the ‘plate method’, which involves measuring in vitro sun‐protection factor (SPF) before and after water immersion, and a new approach termed the ‘solution method’. The latter employed a computational method to calculate the SPF using UV transmittance measurements of a sunscreen solution, obtained by rinsing the substrate without water immersion and with water immersion. It also had a model function for describing film irregularity. The aim was to avoid the effect of substrate‐to‐product affinity on the film distribution, which impacts the measured absolute value of the in vitro SPF occurring in the conventional approach. For both methodologies, we assessed two substrates for the sunscreen application based on different polymers, the widely used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and the ethylene methacrylate acid copolymer (EMA).ResultsThe agreement between in vivo and in vitro WRR values obtained from each of the four test conditions was analysed using different sunscreens. No correlation was found between in vivo and in vitro WRR using the plate method, independently of the plate type. In contrast, the solution method, using EMA plates, revealed a significant correlation between in vivo and in vitro results, with an especially high correlation for in vivo non‐water‐resistant sunscreens. The results of two operators were comparable. The solution method was unsuitable for PMMA plates.ConclusionDespite the small discrepancy remaining between WRR values obtained from the in vitro solution method and in vivo method, which itself shows variability in results, this work provided a new insight into the in vitro testing of water resistance of sunscreens.
The in vitro antimicrobial evaluation of commercial essential oils and their combinations against acne
Authors: Orchard A. , van Vuuren S. F. , Viljoen A.M , Kamatou G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe study investigated the efficacy of commercial essential oil combinations against the two pathogens responsible for acne with the aim to identify synergy and favourable oils to possibly use in a blend.Materials and MethodsAntimicrobial activity was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 2223) and Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 11827), and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (ΣFIC) was calculated. Combinations displaying synergistic interactions were further investigated at varied ratios and the results plotted on isobolograms.ResultsFrom the 408 combinations investigated, 167 combinations were identified as displaying noteworthy antimicrobial activity (MIC value ≤1.00 mg mL−1). Thirteen synergistic interactions were observed against S. epidermidis, and three synergistic combinations were observed against P. acnes. It was found that not one of the synergistic interactions identified were based on the combinations recommended in the layman's aroma‐therapeutic literature. Synergy was evident rather from leads based on antimicrobial activity from previous studies, thus emphasizing the importance of scientific validation. Leptospermum scoparium J.R.Forst. and G.Forst (manuka) was the essential oil mostly involved in synergistic interactions (four) against S. epidermidis. Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. and Thomson (ylang ylang) essential oil was also frequently involved in synergy where synergistic interactions could be observed against both pathogens. The combination with the lowest MIC value against both acne pathogens was Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf (vetiver) with Cinnamomum verum J.Presl (cinnamon bark) (MIC values 0.19–0.25 mg mL−1). Pogostemon patchouli Benth. (patchouli), V. zizanioides, C. verum and Santalum spp. (sandalwood) could be identified as the oils that contributed the most noteworthy antimicrobial activity towards the combinations. The different chemotypes of the essential oils used in the combinations predominantly resulted in similar antimicrobial activity.ConclusionsThe investigated essential oil combinations resulted in at least 50% of the combinations displaying noteworthy antimicrobial activity. Most of the synergistic interactions do not necessarily correspond to the recommended layman's aroma‐therapeutic literature, which highlights a need for scientific validation of essential oil antimicrobial activity. No antagonism was observed.
New thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys – a review
Authors: Zupanc J. , Vahdat‐Pajouh N. , Schäfer E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn the past 10 years, several proprietary processing procedures for nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy were developed to improve the mechanical properties of NiTi endodontic instruments. Beside specific thermal and mechanical treatments, manufacturers introduced several machining procedures (e.g. twisting, electrical discharge machining), as well as techniques for final surface finishing. NiTi alloys used for endodontic instruments can be subdivided into instruments that mainly contain the austenite phase (austenitic: conventional NiTi, M‐Wire, R‐Phase) and those mainly containing the martensite phase (martensitic: CM Wire, Gold and Blue heat‐treated NiTi). Thermomechanically treated NiTi alloys have been reported to be more flexible with improved cyclic fatigue resistance and greater angle of deflection at failure when compared to conventional NiTi. These enhanced properties may be attributed to a modified phase composition containing varying amounts of R‐phase and martensite. Endodontic instruments made of austenitic alloys possess superelastic properties because of stress‐induced martensite transformation and consequently tend to spring‐back to their original form after deformation. In contrast, the martensitic instruments can easily be deformed due to the reorientation of the martensite variants and show a shape memory effect when heated. The use of martensitic alloy results in more flexible instruments, with an increased cyclic fatigue resistance compared with austenitic alloy.
Synthesis and characterization of silica‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and interaction with pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Multari Cristina , Miola Marta , Ferraris Sara , Movia Dania , Žužek Rožman Kristina , Kostevšek Nina , Follenzi Antonia , Verné Enrica , Prina‐Mello Adriele 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between the physico‐chemical properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and their cytotoxicity profile in light of their potential biomedical application as nanocarriers for pancreatic cancer treatment. Two types of SPIONs were tested: magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and silica‐coated magnetite nanoparticles (SiO2‐Fe3O4 NPs). The physico‐chemical properties of the 2 SPIONs were characterized by means of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry (EDS), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Their magnetic properties were quantified as magnetization saturation (Ms) and Remanence. The colloidal stability was investigated by Isoelectric Point Measurements and sedimentation tests. Finally, in vitro characterizations were performed to quantify the half maximal lethal concentration (LC50), by means of High Content Screening Analysis (HCSA), Flow cytometry (FC), and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM). The obtained NPs present a spherical shape and a dimension between 10 and 20 nm, a superparamagnetic behavior and surface charge in agreement with their surface chemistry. The in vitro tests demonstrate that both NPs induce similar levels of cytotoxicity in a PANC‐1 cell model and were internalized, with SiO2‐Fe3O4 NPs associated to a slightly higher cellular internalization, probably due to their higher dispersability.
A comparative study on Cf/PyC/SiC minicomposites prepared via CVI process for hypersonic engine application
Authors: Krishnan Sreejith , Vijay Vipin , Siva Subramania , Painuly Anil , Naithani Neeraj , Devasia Renjith 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCarbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) minicomposites were prepared from three variants of commercially available carbon fibers, viz., T300‐3K, T300J‐3K, and T300‐6K. The SiC matrix infiltration was done via chemical vapor infiltration process using methyltrichlorosilane as the precursor. Minicomposites were characterized for the composition and morphology of the matrix material deposited. It was found that the matrix contains 2H‐SiC along with the major phase 3C‐SiC. Cyclic tensile tests were carried out on the composites to understand the damage mechanism and load bearing characteristics under cyclic loading conditions. The dependence of peak and residual strains on the fiber volume fraction was studied. Oxidation of the CMCs in air at 1500°C was studied and the result was explained based on a five part process.
Positive effect of wrapping poly caprolactone/polyethylene glycol fibrous films on the mechanical properties of 45S5 bioactive glass scaffolds
Authors: Shi Quan , Li Zhi‐Yong , Liverani Liliana , Roether Judith , Chen Qiang , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract45S5 bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds show great potential in bone tissue engineering due to their superior osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity. However, such scaffolds generally possess poor mechanical properties. Here, inspired by the reinforcing principle of confined concrete elements in civil engineering, poly caprolactone (PCL)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) film‐wrapped 45S5 BG scaffolds were prepared by gluing highly porous foam–replicated BG scaffolds and electrospun PCL/PEG films together with a PCL layer. The results showed that the compressive strength of the PCL/PEG film‐wrapped scaffolds was greatly improved, compared to that of unwrapped BG scaffolds. Moreover, the PCL/PEG film exhibited hydrophilicity, responsible for improved cell activity with respect to the hydrophobic PCL one. Thus, the present work introduces a convenient approach to improve the mechanical properties of highly porous bioceramic scaffolds, and is relevant for future robust scaffold design.
Physicochemical properties of ready‐to‐eat extruded nixtamalized maize‐based snacks enriched with grasshopper
Authors: Cuj‐Laines Rubí , Hernández‐Santos Betsabé , Reyes‐Jaquez Damian , Delgado‐Licon Efren , Juárez‐Barrientos José M. , Rodríguez‐Miranda Jesús 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this research was to prepare an extruded snack based on nixtamalized maize flour (Zea mays L.) (NMF) enriched with grasshopper meal (Sphenarium purpurascens Ch.) (GM) using a single screw extruder with a compression screw ratio of 3:1. A central experimental design comprising three independent variables, namely, extrusion temperature (T = 120–180 °C), feed moisture content (FMC = 18–22 g/100 g) and the grasshopper meal proportion (GMP = 0–40 g/100 g), was used. Increasing T decreased (P < 0.05) the expansion index (EI), bulk density (BD) and hardness (H). Increasing the FMC increased (P < 0.05) the EI. Increasing the GMP decreased (P < 0.05) the EI, H and water absorption index (WAI) and increased (P < 0.05) the BD and total colour difference (ΔE). The treatments that resulted in better general acceptability were those that contained a lower GMP. An extruded snack acceptable to the consumer can be obtained from a blend of NMF and GM, and up to 8.11 g/100 g of GM can be incorporated without affecting the physicochemical properties and acceptance of the snack.
Distribution of IFITM3 polymorphism (dbSNP: rs12252) in mestizo populations in four states of Mexico
Authors: López‐Jiménez J. J. , Peña‐Iñiguez D. I. , Fletes‐Rayas A. L. , Flores‐Martínez S. E. , Sánchez‐Corona J. , Rosales‐Gomez R. C. , Montoya‐Fuentes H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryInterferon‐inducible transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) participates in the defense against viral infections. This study identified and compared the frequency of the IFITM3 rs12252 polymorphism in 410 individuals in western Mexico. The western Mexican allelic frequencies (frequency of the “C” allele = 0.18) differ from some American, East Asian and European populations.
Simultaneous detection of ABL1 mutation and IKZF1 deletion in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a customized target enrichment system panel
Authors: Aoe M. , Ishida H. , Matsubara T. , Karakawa S. , Kawaguchi H. , Fujiwara K. , Kanamitsu K. , Washio K. , Okada K. , Shibakura M. , Shimada A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecent clinical outcomes of pediatric Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) vastly improved owing to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). However, the genetic status would be different in each case with ABL1 gene mutation or copy number variants (CNVs) such as IKZF1 deletion. In particular, the TKI resistant clone with ABL1 kinase mutation remains problematic. The comprehensive assessment of genetic status including mutation, insertion and deletion (indel) and CNVs is necessary.MethodsWe evaluated a next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based customized HaloPlex target enrichment system panel to simultaneously detect coding mutations, indel and CNVs. We analysed approximately 160 known genes associated with hematological disorders in 5 pediatric Ph+ALL patients.ResultsMono‐allelic IKZF1 deletions were found in 4 patients at diagnosis. Furthermore, the mono‐allelic deletions were found in exons of RB1, EBF1, PAX5 and ETV6 genes. Bi‐allelic deletions were detected in CDKN2A and CDKN2B genes in 1 patient. ABL1 mutation was also detected in 1 patient at relapse. These results were almost comparable with the results of the multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method or Sanger sequence.ConclusionNext‐generation sequencing‐based custom HaloPlex target enrichment system panel allows us to detect the coding mutations, indel, and CNVs in pediatric Ph+ALL simultaneously, and its results seem comparable with those of other methods.
Early diagnosis of infection occurs in burned patients and verification in vitro
Authors: Zhang M. , Yang L. , Du G. , Duan S. , Liu D. , Gao X. , Li D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the trend of CD64+ neutrophils being present in the peripheral blood of patients with burns and verification in vitro.MethodWe isolated and purified CD64+ neutrophils from healthy people, stimulated cells with inactivated Staphylococcus aureus in vitro to make them proliferate and analyzed them with Modfit 2 analysis software. Patients with burns were divided into two groups, depending on whether there was a complicated infection or not, and 35 healthy participants were enrolled as blank group. WBC and CD64+ neutrophil counts were detected and then analyzed the specificity and sensitivity according to the ROC curve.ResultsThe proliferation index of the CD64+ cells in the experimental wells was significantly higher than that in the control wells (P < .05). The CD64+ cell counts in the peripheral blood of patients in the infection group were significantly higher than patients without infection, but also higher than the healthy people (P < .05). The sensitivity and specificity of CD64+ cellular diagnosis for burn infection were 94.2% and 76.8%, respectively, according to the ROC curve, which were significantly better than those of the WBCs.ConclusionCD64+ cells in the peripheral blood of patients with burns complicated by infection increased significantly, and thus, it can be regarded as an early diagnostic indicator of burns with a concurrent infection.
Clinician researcher career pathway for registered nurses and midwives: A proposal
Authors: Smith Sheree , Gullick Janice , Ballard Jacqueline , Perry Lin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo consider clinician researcher career frameworks and propose a new pathway, integrating university and health service components to support research career progression within nursing and midwifery practice.BackgroundHospitals with research‐active clinicians report fewer adverse events and better patient outcomes. Nursing clinician researcher career development is therefore an international priority, yet positions and expectations associated with this are not always well articulated, with nurses and midwives challenged to accommodate research and clinical careers.DesignThis discussion paper describes nurse/midwife clinician researcher career frameworks and a new pathway that aligns academic and nursing role descriptions.Data sourcesThe new framework was informed by a brief literature search for international framework documents, three Australian state‐based Nurses and Midwives Awards: the Australian Qualifications Framework, publically available University Academic (Research) Award schedules and academic staff descriptions, and state health department and health services publications.Implications for nursingThe implementation of research‐based practice is a key element of nursing and midwifery roles and “advanced practice” position descriptions have well‐defined research expectations. This paper considers structures to support their achievement.ConclusionThis paper provides a blueprint for clinician researcher career development. It elevates the research domain as an equal alongside clinical, managerial and educational clinical career development.
Risk factors for multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria infection in intensive care units: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ang Hui , Sun Xuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsTo identify the risk factors for multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria systematically and provide suggestions and an evidence‐base for clinical measures.BackgroundWith the increase in the social population, changes in human behaviour and ecosystems, as well as economic development, bacteria have gradually produced drug resistance genes. These have swept through intensive care units causing high mortality.MethodsRelevant literature which included case‐control and cohort studies published from January 1999 to March 2017 were searched in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline. Meta‐analysis was performed by using StataSE version 12.0 software.ResultsEighteen studies of 235 publications were eligible. Male gender (OR 1.40, 95%CI 1.09, 1.80), having an operative procedure (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.10, 1.56), a central venous catheter (OR 1.22, 95%CI 1.01, 1.48), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.07, 1.46), previous antibiotic therapy (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.41, 1.96), length of ICU stay (weighted mean difference 8.18, 95%CI 0.27, 16.10), and types of health‐associated infections were the identified risk factors for multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infection in intensive care units; moreover, diabetes mellitus was not.ConclusionSix risk factors were associated with multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacterial infection in intensive care units. Antimicrobial stewardship, infection control, and medical staff prevention care are needed.
The immunomodulatory role of tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer
Authors: Manning Stephanie , Danielson Kirsty M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising mortality rates predicted in the coming decades. In light of this, there is a continued need for improvement in our understanding of CRC biology and the development of novel treatment options. Tumor‐derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) have emerged as both novel cancer biomarkers and functional mediators of carcinogenesis. tEVs are released by tumor cells in abundance and play an important role in mediating tumor cell—immune cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, tEVs are released into the circulation in humans where they could also interact with circulating immune cells. This review aims to describe CRC‐specific tEVs and what is currently known about their role in immunomodulation. In particular, we discuss the ability of CRC‐derived tEVs to affect monocyte differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells, and their effects on T‐cell viability and activity. Finally, the potential for tEVs in the development of immunotherapies will be discussed.