bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Interconnect Reliability and Performance by Converting Tantalum to 2D Layered Tantalum Sulfide at Low Temperature
Authors: Lo Chun‐Li , Catalano Massimo , Khosravi Ava , Ge Wanying , Ji Yujin , Zemlyanov Dmitry Y. , Wang Luhua , Addou Rafik , Liu Yuanyue , Wallace Robert M. , Kim Moon J. , Chen Zhihong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe interconnect half‐pitch size will reach ≈20 nm in the coming sub‐5 nm technology node. Meanwhile, the TaN/Ta (barrier/liner) bilayer stack has to be >4 nm to ensure acceptable liner and diffusion barrier properties. Since TaN/Ta occupy a significant portion of the interconnect cross‐section and they are much more resistive than Cu, the effective conductance of an ultrascaled interconnect will be compromised by the thick bilayer. Therefore, 2D layered materials have been explored as diffusion barrier alternatives. However, many of the proposed 2D barriers are prepared at too high temperatures to be compatible with the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) technology. In addition, as important as the diffusion barrier properties, the liner properties of 2D materials must be evaluated, which has not yet been pursued. Here, a 2D layered tantalum sulfide (TaSx
) with ≈1.5 nm thickness is developed to replace the conventional TaN/Ta bilayer. The TaSx
ultrathin film is industry‐friendly, BEOL‐compatible, and can be directly prepared on dielectrics. The results show superior barrier/liner properties of TaSx
compared to the TaN/Ta bilayer. This single‐stack material, serving as both a liner and a barrier, will enable continued scaling of interconnects beyond 5 nm node.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Glucose Export from Isolated Chloroplasts Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Diacci Chiara , Lee Jee Woong , Janson Per , Dufil Gwennaël , Méhes Gábor , Berggren Magnus , Simon Daniel T. , Stavrinidou Eleni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBiosensors based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) are attractive devices for real‐time monitoring of biological processes. The direct coupling between the channel of the OECT and the electrolyte enables intimate interfacing with biological environments at the same time bringing signal amplification and fast sensor response times. So far, these devices are mainly applied to mammalian systems; cells or body fluids for the development of diagnostics and various health status monitoring technology. Yet, no direct detection of biomolecules from cells or organelles is reported. Here, an OECT glucose sensor applied to chloroplasts, which are the plant organelles responsible for the light‐to‐chemical energy conversion of the photosynthesis, is reported. Real‐time monitoring of glucose export from chloroplasts in two distinct metabolic phases is demonstrated and the transfer dynamics with a time resolution of 1 min is quantified, thus reaching monitoring dynamics being an order of magnitude better than conventional methods.
Biological Lasers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Chen Yu‐Cheng , Fan Xudong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA biolaser utilizes biological materials as part of its gain medium and/or part of its cavity. It can also be a micro‐ or nanosized laser embedded/integrated within biological materials. The biolaser employs lasing emission rather than regular fluorescence as the sensing signal and therefore has a number of unique advantages that can be explored for broad applications in biosensing, labeling, tracking, contrast agent development, and bioimaging. This article reports on the progress in biolasers with focus on the work done in the past five years. In the end, the possible future directions of the biolaser are discussed.
Exploiting Total Internal Reflection Geometry for Terahertz Devices and Enhanced Sample Characterization
Authors: Sun Qiushuo , Chen Xuequan , Liu Xudong , Stantchev Rayko I. , Pickwell‐MacPherson Emma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo promote potential applications of terahertz (THz) technology, more advanced functional THz devices with high performance are needed, including modulators, polarizers, lenses, wave retarders, and antireflection coatings. This work summarizes recent progress in THz components built on functional materials including graphene, vanadium dioxide, and metamaterials. The key message is that, while the choice of materials used in such devices is important, the geometry in which they are employed also has a significant effect on the performance achieved. In particular, devices operating in total internal reflection geometry are reviewed, and it is explained how this geometry is able to be exploited to achieve a variety of THz devices with broadband operation.
Gastrointestinal disorders in Down syndrome
Authors: Bermudez Beatriz E. B. V. , de Oliveira Camila M. , de Lima Cat Mônica N. , Magdalena Neiva I. R. , Celli Adriane 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDown syndrome is the most common human chromosomal disorder. Among clinical findings, one constant concern is the high prevalence of gastrointestinal system alterations. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders at a Down syndrome outpatient clinic during a 10‐year follow‐up period. Data from medical files were retrospectively reviewed from 1,207 patients. Gastrointestinal changes occurred in 612 (50.7%). The most prevalent disorder was chronic intestinal constipation. Intestinal parasite occurred in 22% (mainly giardiasis), gastroesophageal reflux disease in 14%, digestive tract malformations occurred in 5%: 13 cases of duodenal atresia, 8 of imperforate anus, 4 annular pancreases, 2 congenital megacolon, 2 esophageal atresias, 2 esophageal compression by anomalous subclavian and 1 case of duodenal membrane. We had 38/1,207 (3.1%) patients with difficulty in sucking and only three with dysphagia that resolved before the second year of life. Peptic ulcer disease, celiac disease, and biliary lithiasis were less prevalent with 3% each. Awareness of the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders promotes outstanding clinical follow‐up as well as adequate development and greater quality of life for patients with Down syndrome and their families.
Modulierung der Gastaufnahme in Core‐Shell‐MOFs mit sichtbarem Licht
Authors: Mutruc Dragos , Goulet‐Hanssens Alexis , Fairman Sam , Wahl Sebastian , Zimathies Annett , Knie Christopher , Hecht Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEin Zweikomponenten‐Core‐Shell‐MOF vom Typ UiO‐68 mit einem nicht funktionalisierten Inneren für eine effiziente Aufnahme und Lagerung von Gastmolekülen und eine dünne, mit Licht adressierbare Außenschale wurde über eine solvothermische MOF‐Synthese und anschließendem lösungsmittelunterstützten Linkeraustausch hergestellt. Der voluminöse Schalenlinker weist zwei tetra‐ortho‐fluorierte Azobenzoleinheiten auf, um ihre vorteilhaften Photoisomerisierungseigenschaften auszunutzen. Die erhaltenen perfekten, oktaedrischen MOF‐Einkristalle können ausschließlich mit sichtbarem Licht reversibel und mit einer beispiellosen Effizienz zwischen E‐ und Z‐reichen Zuständen geschaltet werden. Aufgrund der hohen Photoschalterdichte pro Pore der Hüllschicht kann deren sterischer Bedarf und damit die molekulare Aufnahme (und Freisetzung) bei Bestrahlung mit grünem und blauem Licht bequem moduliert werden. Daher fungiert die “intelligente” Schale als lichtgesteuerte kinetische Barriere oder “Tor” für die Diffusion von Frachtmolekülen in und aus den MOF‐Kristallen.
Bacterial Diterpene Biosynthesis
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis Minireview summarises recent developments in the biosynthesis of diterpenes by diterpene synthases in bacteria. It is structured by the class of enzyme involved in the first committed step towards diterpenes, starting with type I diterpene synthases, followed by type II enzymes and the more recently discovered UbiA‐related diterpene synthases. A special emphasis lies on the reaction mechanisms of diterpene synthases that convert simple linear precursors through cationic cascades into structurally complex, usually polycyclic carbon skeletons with multiple stereogenic centres. A further main focus of this Minireview is a discussion of how these mechanisms can be unravelled. Downstream modifications to bioactive molecules are also covered.
Major haemorrhage following vascular injury during exchange of cardiac pacemaker leads
Authors: Elrefaey A. , Pai A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAn 80‐year‐old lady suffered loss of cardiac output during an elective pacemaker lead exchange. Right ventricular perforation, cardiac tamponade, vascular lacerations and circulatory shock are known major complications of pacemaker lead exchange and may necessitate aggressive resuscitation. An emergency sternotomy revealed the administered fluid, blood products and resuscitative drugs, which were administered through an upper limb cannula, had likely extravasated at the site of an iatrogenic injury to the superior vena cava. Unfortunately, further resuscitation attempts were unsuccessful. There are no recommendations regarding sites for intravascular access during pacemaker lead exchange and we argue that lower limb veins should be considered for venous access, as the superior vena cava and innominate veins are possible sites of unintentional vascular injury.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Antennaria corymbosa (Asteraceae) and close relatives
Authors: Thapa Ramhari , Bayer Randall J. , Mandel Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2019

PremiseThe genus Antennaria has a complex evolutionary history due to dioecism, excessive polyploidy, and the evolution of polyploid agamic complexes. We developed microsatellite markers from A. corymbosa to investigate genetic diversity and population genetic structure in Antennaria species.Methods and ResultsTwenty‐four novel microsatellite markers (16 nuclear and eight chloroplast) were developed from A. corymbosa using an enriched genomic library. Ten polymorphic nuclear markers were used to characterize genetic variation in five populations of A. corymbosa. One to four alleles were found per locus, and the expected heterozygosity and fixation index ranged from 0.00 to 0.675 and −0.033 to 0.610, respectively. We were also able to successfully amplify these markers in five additional Antennaria species.ConclusionsThese markers are promising tools to study the population genetics of sexual Antennaria species and to investigate interspecific gene flow, clonal diversity, and parentage of Antennaria polyploid agamic complexes.
The impact of resveratrol on toxicity and related complications of advanced glycation end products: A systematic review
Authors: Hajizadeh‐Sharafabad Fatemeh , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Zabetian‐Targhi Fateme , Maleki Vahid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promotes the generation of free radicals, which leads to chronic oxidative stress predisposing to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, and related diseases. This systematic review aimed to determine the effect of resveratrol (RSV) on AGE‐induced toxicity and its deleterious consequences. A comprehensive search was performed through literature were published until December 2018 using relevant keywords. The databases that were used for the search were PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A total of 29 eligible studies were found and included in the review for the analysis. Except one, all studies showed suppressing effects for RSV on the production of AGEs or receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its detrimental consequences including oxidative stress, inflammatory response, cellular immune reactions, insulin response, and atherosclerosis. RSV exerts its effects through influencing RAGE, nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β activities. This review suggests that RSV has got potential to decrease AGEs toxicity and inhibit the AGE‐induced complications. More clinical trials are suggested to evaluate the beneficial effect of RSV on AGEs in chronic metabolic diseases.
Control of antibody high and low molecular weight species by depth filtration‐based cell culture harvesting
Authors: Yu Deqiang , Mayani Mukesh , Song Yuanli , Xing Zhizhuo , Ghose Sanchayita , Li Zheng Jian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDepth filtration‐based harvesting is widely used in mAb manufacturing to remove cell and process‐related impurities. However, it has not been studied on control of product‐related impurities, which are very critical for product quality. In this article, we studied the interactions of depth filter with high and low molecular weight species (HMWs and LMWs) for their direct removal from cell culture. The process parameters (filter, loading, temperature, and flux) were evaluated for adsorption of HMWs and LMWs by depth filters. The adsorption is significantly dependent on filter media and loading capacity and is mainly on the basis of hydrophobic interaction during harvesting. The HMW and LMW species were characterized as HMW1, HMW2, LMW1, and LMW2. The increasing binding from LMW2 to LMW1, HMW1, and HMW2 is correlated with their increasing hydrophobicity score. Adsorption using enriched HMW sample demonstrated similar total protein binding capacity (36–40 g/m2) between depth filters D0HC and X0HC. However, X0HC has stronger HMW binding than D0HC (71% vs 43% of bound protein), indicating more hydrophobic interaction in X0HC. HMW2 DBC on X0HC reached 12 g/m2, similar to protein binding on hydrophobic interaction membrane adsorbers. Further study showed LMW can induce HMW formation. This study provides a critical understanding of HMW and LMW interaction with depth filters. The strategy of HMW and LMW control by depth filtration‐based harvesting was implemented successfully in mAb manufacturing.
Aromatic residues surrounding the active site tunnel of TfCel48A influence activity, processivity, and synergistic interactions with other cellulases
Authors: Hefferon Kathleen L. , Cantero‐Tubilla Borja , Brady John , Wilson David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCel48A of Thermobifida fusca (TfCel48A) is a processive exocellulase that contains an active site tunnel and digests lignocellulosic biomass via synergistic interactions between different cellulases. Cel48A possesses a number of aromatic amino acids lining the tunnel entrance, which are highly conserved across a diverse number of microbial species and appear to play a role in the selection and threading of individual strands of cellulose from highly recalcitrant substrates. In this study, we sought to further elucidate the roles of these tunnel entrance aromatic amino acids by creating a series of double mutants and examining their effect on TfCel48A activity, processivity, and synergistic interactions with the well‐studied processive endocellulase TfCel9A. Our results provide further insight concerning the mechanism of Cel48A kinetics with soluble and insoluble substrates and could play an influential role in the application of Cel48A and other exocellulases for industrial purposes.
BRAF mutation is not associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Bachet J-B , Moreno-Lopez N , Vigano L , Marchese U , Gelli M , Raoux L , Truant S , Laurent C , Herrero A , Le Roy B , Deguelte Lardiere S , Passot G , Hautefeuille V , De La Fouchardiere C , Artru P , Ameto T , Mabrut J Y , Schwarz L , Rousseau B , Lepère C , Coriat R , Brouquet A , Sa Cunha A , Benoist S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
BRAF mutation is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. For patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs), the prognostic impact of BRAF mutation is unknown and the benefit of surgery debated. This nationwide intergroup (ACHBT, FRENCH, AGEO) study aimed to evaluate the oncological outcome of patients undergoing liver resection for BRAF-mutated CRLMs.

Methods
The study included patients who underwent resection for BRAF-mutated CRLMs in 24 centres between 2012 and 2016. A case-matched comparison was made with 183 patients who underwent resection of CRLMs with wild-type BRAF during the same interval.

Results
Sixty-six patients who underwent resection for BRAF-mutated CRLMs in 24 centres were compared with 183 patients with wild-type BRAF. The 1- and 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 46 and 19 per cent for the BRAF-mutated group, and 55·4 and 27·8 per cent for the group with wild-type BRAF (P = 0·430). In multivariable analysis, BRAF mutation was not associated with worse DFS (hazard ratio 1·16, 95 per cent c.i. 0·72 to 1·85; P = 0·547). The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates after surgery were 94 and 54 per cent respectively among patients with BRAF mutation, and 95·8 and 82·9 per cent in those with wild-type BRAF (P = 0·004). Median survival after disease progression was 23·0 (95 per cent c.i. 11·0 to 35·0) months among patients with mutated BRAF and 44·3 (35·9 to 52·6) months in those with wild-type BRAF (P = 0·050). Multisite disease progression was more common in the BRAF-mutated group (48 versus 29·8 per cent; P = 0·034).

Conclusion
These results support surgical treatment for resectable BRAF-mutated CRLM, as BRAF mutation by itself does not increase the risk of relapse after resection. BRAF mutation is associated with worse survival in patients whose disease relapses after resection of CRLM, as for non-metastatic colorectal cancer.
Low level of Cyclin‐D1 correlates with worse prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Wang Qing‐shui , Li Feng , Liao Zi‐qiang , Li Ke , Yang Xin‐liu , Lin You‐yu , Zhao Yi‐lin , Weng Shu‐yun , Xia Yun , Ye Yan , Li Su‐huan , Wang Chen‐yi , Lin Yao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCyclin‐D1 (CCND1) belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family whose members are characterized by abundant expression during the cell cycle. As an oncogene, high level of CCND1 was observed and related to poor prognosis and tumor recurrence in many cancers. In this study, we focused on the role of CCND1 in the clinical outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Gene Expression Omnibus database, The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and immunohistochemical staining were used. The mRNA and protein levels of CCND1 were significantly enhanced in ccRCC tumor tissues. However, the low level of CCND1, but not high level of CCND1, was related to poor prognosis and tumor recurrence in ccRCC. Further analysis showed that CCND1 mRNA level decreased with increasing ccRCC tumor grades and the rate of recurrence in ccRCC patients. In a nomogram model, the CCND1 mRNA level was shown to help predict ccRCC patient recurrence. CCND1 is a strong determinant for prediction of recurrence. The patients with high CCND1 level appear to have a more favorable prognosis together with more frequent low‐grade tumors and low rate of recurrence. This is the first study to investigate the prognostic roles of CCND1 in ccRCC and discovered that CCND1 had an unconventional positive impact on the clinical outcome of ccRCC patients.
Engineering macrophages to phagocytose cancer cells by blocking the CD47/SIRPɑ axis
Authors: Yang Hongcheng , Shao Ruoyang , Huang Hongxin , Wang Xinlong , Rong Zhili , Lin Ying 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe use of immunotherapy has achieved great advances in the treatment of cancer. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the immune defense system, serving both as phagocytes (removal of pathogens and cancer cells) and as antigen‐presenting cells (activation of T cells). However, research regarding tumor immunotherapy is mainly focused on the adaptive immune system. The usefulness of innate immune cells (eg, macrophages) in the treatment of cancer has not been extensively investigated. Recent advances in synthetic biology and the increasing understanding of the cluster of differentiation 47/signal regulatory protein alpha (CD47/SIRPɑ) axis may provide new opportunities for the clinical application of engineered macrophages. The CD47/SIRPɑ axis is a major known pathway, repressing phagocytosis and activation of macrophages. In this article, we summarize the currently available evidence regarding the CD47/SIRPɑ axis, and immunotherapies based on blockage. In addition, we propose cell therapy strategies based on macrophage engineering.
Electrochemical Cathodic Treatment of Mild Steel as a Host for Ni(OH)2 Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Maruthapandian Viruthasalam , Muthurasu Alagan , Dekshinamoorthi Amuthan , Aswathy Raghunandanan , Vijayaraghavan Saranyan , Muralidharan Srinivasan , Saraswathy Velu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts and substrates play a vital role in the electrochemical water splitting process to generate chemical fuel and store renewable energy. The design and development of cost effective and efficient catalysts and substrates is still crucial and progressive towards the commercialization of water electrolyser. Herein, we have shown abundant mild steel (MS) as an efficient substrate as well as a catalyst host for OER by the cathodic treatment followed by the electrodeposited Ni(OH)2 at room temperature. The C MS Ni(OH)2 shows an overpotential (η) of 267 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 66 mV dec−1, and affordable stability at the benchmark scale of 10 mA cm−2 current density operation for 10 h and harsh condition of 100 mA cm−2 current density for 50 h in the continuous electrolysis chronoamperometry test in 1 M KOH. The higher catalytic activity of C MS Ni(OH)2 compared to Ni(OH)2 electrodeposited on MS is due to the interaction of Fe(OH)2/FeOOH and Ni(OH)2/NiOOH. These results suggest a possible way to utilize MS substrates as catalyst and as a host for OER and other electrochemical applications in the future.
Separation of praziquantel enantiomers using simulated moving bed chromatographic unit with performance designed for semipreparative applications
Authors: Cunha Felipe C. , Secchi Argimiro R. , de Souza Mauricio B. , Barreto Amaro G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPraziquantel (PZQ) composes a regular medicine available in a tablet form to fight schistosomiasis and just half of its mass is composed by the active principle (L‐PZQ), the other half, D‐PZQ, is frequently associated to a strong bitter taste. Moreover, optically pure L‐PZQ derivatives could be used in studies about adult and juvenile worms' resistance. Nowadays, these studies use racemic PZQ (rac‐PZQ) as starting point. The D‐PZQ, which would be discarded, could be racemized, coming back as feed concentration in the process. The present work aims to get L‐PZQ and D‐PZQ with high optical purities (more than 97%) and productivity (more than 253 g kgads−1 day−1) towards semipreparative scale for researches involving L‐PZQ, L‐PZQ derivatives, and D‐PZQ racemization. In order to achieve this goal, a built‐in‐house simulated moving bed chromatographic unit with the cellulose tris (3‐chloro‐4‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OZ) as chiral stationary phase (CSP) was used to investigate different scenarios of separation according to a well‐known design method called triangle theory. In all scenarios investigated, at least one of the outlet streams presented high optically purity for one of the enantiomers. Comparison with literature showed superior performance of our unit even at racemic mixture concentrations that were 10 times lower than the racemic concentrations found in literature.