bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing core competencies for a structured Mentoring Program in Pediatric Residency Training
Authors: Alqanatish Jubran Theeb , Omair Aamir , dubayee Mohammed Al , Kattan Rana , Baig Lubna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Mentoring has been recognized as fundamental to success in career development in young practitioners. An efficient mentoring can improve residents’ learning and enhance their personal and professional skills. In resident training, cooperation and participation from both faculty and residents are key in implementing a mentoring program. Different set of frameworks of core competencies have been described in pediatrics residency training. However, the competencies for the mentoring program within pediatrics residency training never been reported. Thus, we sought to identify and establish core competency for a mentoring program in pediatrics postgraduate residency training.
Methods:
A convenience sample of all the faculty members and residents at the Department of Pediatrics in King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh was recruited for the study. A self-administered questionnaire with 43 items covering the CanMEDS core competencies was used. The seven core competencies of CanMEDS were Medical expert, Communicator, Scholar, Professional, Manager, Health Advocate, and Collaborator.
Result:
The faulty response rate was 76% (n=44 / 58) and residents was 91% (n=62 / 68). Nearly all faculty members and residents reported mentoring to be very important in Pediatrics. Two-thirds of the residents and faculty members reported mentoring to had an important influence on their career. The Medical expert, Scholar, Manager, and Collaborator were identified as essential for mentoring out of all seven core competencies.

Conclusion:
Most of the pediatric residents and faculty surveyed identified mentoring as an important element in Pediatrics. More than two third of the faculty and residents have experienced mentoring at some point in their career and 75% of the faculty members recognize their important role in mentoring the residents. We were able to identify Medical expert, Scholar, Manager, and collaborator as the key core competencies for the mentoring program in pediatrics, reported by both residents and the faculty.
Transcriptome sequencing and whole genome expression profiling of purple-fleshed sweetpotato under salt stress
Authors: Arisha Mohamed Hamed , Aboelnasr Hesham , Yaju Liu , Wei Tang , Fei Gao Run , Hui Yan , Meng Kou , Xin Wang , Yungang Zhang , Qiang Li 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Purple-fleshed sweetpotato (PFSP) is one of the most important crops in the word which helps to bridge the food gap and contribute to solve the malnutrition problem especially in developing countries. Salt stress is seriously limiting its production and distribution. Due to lacking of reference genome, transcriptome sequencing is offering a rapid approach for crop improvement with promising agronomic traits and stress adaptability.
Results: Five cDNA libraries were prepared from the third true leaf of PFSP at seedlings stage (Xuzi-8 cultivar) treated with 200 mM NaCl for 0, 1, 6, 12, 48 hours. Using second and third generation technology, Illumina sequencing generated 170,344,392 clean high-quality long reads that were assembled into 15,998 unigenes with an average length 2178 base pair and 96.55% of these unigenes were functionally annotated in the NR protein database. A number of 537 unigenes failed to hit any homologs which may be considered as novel genes. The current results indicated that sweetpotato plants behavior during the first hour of salt stress was different than the other three time points. Furthermore, expression profiling analysis identified 4, 479, 281, 508 significantly expressed unigenes in salt stress treated samples at the different time points including 1, 6, 12, 48 hours, respectively as compared to control. COG analysis revealed that the highest number of genes was categorized as “post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones” followed by “signal transduction mechanisms”. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that salt stress caused changes in metabolic process (Secondary and amino acids), hormone response, cellular processes and single organism processes. These findings suggest that salt stress tolerance in PFSP plants may be mainly depended on three factors including the balance between protein biosynthesis and degradation, preventing or correcting damage caused by miss-folding due to salt stress and transforming the certain stimulus induced by salt stress into a biochemical signal which activates more genes specifically involved in salt stress tolerance.
Analysis of the gut microbiome of Japanese inflammatory bowel disease patients
Authors: Fukui Yuto , Nakajima Hitoshi , Aoki Kotaro , Toshihide Ohmori , Tateda Kazuhiro , Urita Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, gut microbiome of healthy Japanese individuals differs from that of other populations and gut microbiome of Japanese IBD patients has not been well characterized. We conducted a cross-sectional study to characterize the gut microbiome of Japanese patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).
Methods
Two-hundred and eighty-four IBD patients (39 CD patients and 245 UC patients) and 31 healthy participants were enrolled. Gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using Illumina Miseq.
Results
Significant differences were observed among the gut microbiome of CD patients, UC patients and healthy individuals. Species richness and evenness were significantly lower in patients with active IBD than in healthy individuals. At the genus level, Bifidobacterium was most abundant genera in all three groups. Pathogenic obligate anaerobes such as Prevotella and Veillonella were increased and commensal bacteria such as Ruminococcus was decreased in IBD patients compared with healthy individuals.
Conclusions
CD patients and UC patients showed unique patterns of gut microbiome dysbiosis. Patients with active IBD had severe dysbiotic changes. However, characteristic features of the gut microbiome of Japanese individuals, such as high abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium, were maintained in IBD patients.
Mentalization mediates the relationship between borderline personality features and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in adolescents
Authors: Norup Ditte Aagaard , Bo Sune 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Findings show that deficiencies in the ability to understand mental states are related to many forms of psychopathology. Mentalizing dysfunctions are suggested to be the core pathology underlying borderline personality disorder (BPD). Moreover, research suggests that BPD predicts psychopathology in general and findings display that diminished mentalization is related to a range of psychiatric disorders. As yet, no study has investigated the potential link between borderline personality features, mentalization and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, and whether internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in BPD might be driven by impaired mentalization.
Objective: In a cross-sectional study, 109 patients referred to a child and adolescent psychiatric clinic were assessed with a battery of self-report instruments to asses borderline personality features, mentalization, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology.
Method: Simple mediation model was used to examine whether mentalizing abilities mediated the relationship between borderline features and psychopathology in regard to externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in adolescents.
Results: The results indicated that mentalization mediated the relationship between borderline personality features and both externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in adolescents, indicating that mentalization underlie externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in adolescents with borderline personality features.
Conclusion: The current study is the first empirical study to evaluate mentalization as a mediating factor between adolescents who met full or sub-threshold criteria for BPD and psychopathology. Clinical implications are discussed.
Therapeutic reactance in adolescents: the psychometrics of the Therapeutic Reactance Scale in adolescents
Authors: Inman Richard A. , Sousa Ana Margarida , Cunha Diana , Moreira Paulo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The Therapeutic Reactance Scale (TRS) is a classic measure of psychological reactance, yet only two studies have evaluated its factorial structure. Both proposed different multidimensional structures based on exploratory analyses. Not only is the factorial structure of the TRS unclear, but the scale has yet to be validated in adolescents.
Objective: This study aimed to test the factorial structure of the TRS in adolescents.
Methods: The authors conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and analyses of reliability and validity, with a sample of 1,344 adolescents.
Results: A four-factor model fits well to the data. Three of the four TRS dimensions (not susceptibility to influence, SI) were correlated with the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (HPRS). These three dimensions were also correlated with novelty seeking, cooperativeness and persistence components of personality (Cloninger’s psychobiological model of personality), while SI showed a different pattern.
Conclusions: Overall, this study demonstrates that the TRS is a suitable and potentially useful tool for measuring reactance in adolescents, but the authors propose that practitioners may wish to consider excluding items pertaining to the SI dimension.
Surface grafting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve resistance to fouling of aromatic polyamide thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes using municipal membrane bioreactor effluent
Authors: Kasongo Godwill , Steenberg Chad , Morris Bradley , Kapenda Gracia , Jacobs Nurah , Aziz Mujahid 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Membrane surface modification is a favourable method to handle fouling during wastewater treatment processes. In this study, grafting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through cross-link with Glutaraldehyde was applied to a thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane to enhance the resistance to flux decline. The analytical analyses attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy were performed to evaluate the impact of surface modification. Biofouling using Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial solution and fouling tests using a bench scale reverse osmosis system with a simulated secondary effluent from a membrane bioreactor were used to assess the impact of the surface modification initiated on antifouling properties of the membrane. It was shown that the morphological structure and the chemical properties of the membrane were altered, whereas the pure water flux slightly decreased after modification. Although a slight decrease of salt rejection was observed, the membrane resistance to fouling improved and the biofouling model used revealed the anti-biofouling capacity of the membrane. The flux decline and flux recovery ratios improved with an increase in PVA concentration. The sterilization ratio increased from 33.8 to 36.8% and the pure water flux decline decreased from 46.04 to 25.94% after modification.
Dose-dependent Effects of Esmolol-epinephrine Combination Therapy in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Oyama Yoshimasa , Blaskowsky Justin , Eckle Tobias 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Animal studies on cardiac arrest found that a combination of epinephrine with esmolol
attenuates post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that esmololepinephrine
combination therapy would be superior to a reported cardioprotective esmolol therapy alone in a
mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.

Methods:
C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 60 min of myocardial ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Mice
received either saline, esmolol (0.4 mg/kg/h), epinephrine (0.05 mg/kg/h), or esmolol combined with epinephrine
(esmolol: 0.4 mg/kg/h or 0.8 mg/kg/h and epinephrine: 0.05 mg/kg/h) during reperfusion. After reperfusion, infarct
sizes in the area-at-risk and serum cardiac troponin-I levels were determined. Hemodynamic effects of drugs
infused were determined by measurements of heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) via a carotid
artery catheter.

Results:
Esmolol during reperfusion resulted in robust cardioprotection (esmolol vs. saline: 24.3±8% vs. 40.6±3%
infarct size), which was abolished by epinephrine co-administration (38.1±15% infarct size). Increasing the esmolol
dose, however, was able to restore esmolol-cardioprotection in the epinephrine-esmolol (18.6±8% infarct
size) co-treatment group with improved hemodynamics compared to the esmolol group (epinephrine-esmolol vs.
esmolol: MAP 80 vs. 75 mmHg, HR 452 vs. 402 beats/min).

Conclusion:
These results confirm earlier studies on esmolol-cardioprotection from myocardial IR-injury and
demonstrate that a dose optimized epinephrine-esmolol co-treatment maintains esmolol-cardioprotection with
improved hemodynamics compared to esmolol treatment alone. These findings might have implications for current
clinical practice in hemodynamically unstable patients suffering from myocardial ischemia.
Implementation of Bagged SVM Ensemble Model for Classification of Epileptic States Using EEG
Authors: Kaur Arshpreet , Verma Karan , Bhondekar Amol P. , Shashvat Kumar 
Published: July 2019

Background:
To decipher EEG (Electroencephalography), intending to locate inter-ictal and
ictal discharges for supporting the diagnoses of epilepsy and locating the seizure focus, is a critical
task. The aim of this work was to find how the ensemble model distinguishes between two different
sets of problems which are group 1: inter-ictal and ictal, group 2: controlled and inter-ictal using approximate
entropy as a parameter.

Methods:
This work addresses the classification problem for two groups; Group 1: “inter-ictal vs.
ictal” for which case 1(C-E), and case 2(D-E) are included and Group 2; “activity from controlled vs.
inter-ictal activity” considering four cases which are case 3 (A-C), case 4(B-C), case 5 (A-D) and case
6(B-D) respectively. To divide the EEG into sub-bands, DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) was used
and approximate Entropy was extracted out of all the five sub-bands of EEG for each case. Bagged
SVM was used to classify the different groups considered.

Results:
The highest accuracy for Group 1 using Bagged SVM Ensemble model for case 1 was
observed to be 96.83% with testing data; which was similar to 97% achieved by using training data.
For case 2 (D-E) 93.92% accuracy with training and 84.83% with testing data were obtained. For
Group 2, there was a large disparity between SVM and Bagged Ensemble model, where 76%, 81.66%,
72.835% and 71.16% for case 3, case 4, case 5 and case 6 were obtained. While for training data set,
92.87%, 91.74%, 92% and 92.64% accuracy was attained, respectively. The results obtained by SVM
for Group 2 showed a huge difference from the highest accuracy achieved by bagged SVM for both the
training and the test data.

Conclusion:
Bagged Ensemble model outperformed SVM model for every case with a huge difference
with both training as well as test dataset for Group 2 and marginally better for Group 1.
Simvastatin and ML141 Decrease Intracellular Streptococcus pyogenes Infection
Authors: Caffo Lindy , Sneed Bria L. , Burcham Caroline , Reed Katie , Hahn Nathan C. , Bell Samantha , Downham Olivia , Evans Melissa D. , Fullenkamp Christopher R. , Drinnon Teague K. , Bishop Derron , Bruns Heather A. , McKillip John L. , Sammelson Robert E. , McDowell Susan A. 
Published: July 2019

Background :Recurrent pharyngotonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes develops regardless of whether infecting strains are resistant or susceptible to first-line antimicrobials. Causation for recurrent infection is associated with the use of first-line antimicrobials that fail to penetrate deep tissue and host cell membranes, enabling intracellular S. pyogenes to survive throughout repeated rounds of antimicrobial therapy.Objective:To determine whether simvastatin, a therapeutic approved for use in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, and ML141, a first-in-class small molecule inhibitor with specificity for human CDC42, limit host cell invasion by S. pyogenes.Methods:Assays to assess host cell invasion, bactericidal activity, host cell viability, actin depolymerization, and fibronectin binding were performed using the RAW 267.4 macrophage cell line and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) infected with S. pyogenes (90-226) and treated with simvastatin, ML141, structural analogs of ML141, or vehicle control.Results:Simvastatin and ML141 decreased intracellular infection by S. pyogenes in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition by simvastatin persisted following 1 h washout whereas inhibition by ML141 was reversed. During S. pyogenes infection, actin stress fibers depolymerized in vehicle control treated cells, yet remained intact in simvastatin and in ML141 treated cells. Consistent with the previous characterization of ML141, simvastatin decreased host cell binding to fibronectin. Structural analogs of ML141, designated as the RSM series, decreased intracellular infection through non-cytotoxic, nonbactericidal mechanisms.Conclusion:Our findings demonstrate the potential of repurposing simvastatin and of developing CDC42-targeted therapeutics for eradicating intracellular S. pyogenes infection to break the cycle of recurrent infection through a host-directed approach.
Green and Simple Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Perovskia abrotanoides: Characterization, Optimization and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Mirsadeghi Somayeh , Koudehi Masoumeh F. , Rajabi Hamid R. , Pourmortazavi Seied M. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Herein, we report the biosynthesis procedure to prepare silver nanoparticles as
reduction and capping agents with the aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides.

Methods:
The therapeutic application of silver nanoparticles entirely depends on the size and shape of
the nanoparticles therefore, their control during the synthesis procedure is so important. The effects of
synthesis factors, for example, silver ion concentration, the mass of plant extract, reaction time and extraction
temperature, on the size of silver particles were considered and optimized. Several analytical
methods were used for the characterization of silver NPs including FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometer,
XRD and SEM.

Results:
The results showed that the mean size of the silver particles was about 51 nm. Moreover, the
antibacterial properties of biosynthesized silver NPs were investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration,
minimum bactericidal concentration, and Well-diffusion tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration/
minimum bactericidal concentration values of silver NPs and aqueous plant extract versus
Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli)
were 3.03/0.00, 1.20/0.01, 3.06/0.00, 0.98/1.04, 1.00/0.05 and 1.30/0.03 (mg/mL), respectively.

Conclusion:
The antimicrobial activity study displayed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles by
plant extract have better antimicrobial properties compared to aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides.
In vitro Lipolysis as a Tool for the Establishment of IVIVC for Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Verma Ravinder , Kaushik Deepak 
Published: July 2019

:In vitro lipolysis has emerged as a powerful tool in the development of in vitro in vivo correlation for Lipid-based Drug Delivery System (LbDDS). In vitro lipolysis possesses the ability to mimic the assimilation of LbDDS in the human biological system. The digestion medium for in vitro lipolysis commonly contains an aqueous buffer media, bile salts, phospholipids and sodium chloride. The concentrations of these compounds are defined by the physiological conditions prevailing in the fasted or fed state. The pH of the medium is monitored by a pH-sensitive electrode connected to a computercontrolled pH-stat device capable of maintaining a predefined pH value via titration with sodium hydroxide. Copenhagen, Monash and Jerusalem are used as different models for in vitro lipolysis studies. The most common approach used in evaluating the kinetics of lipolysis of emulsion-based encapsulation systems is the pH-stat titration technique. This is widely used in both the nutritional and the pharmacological research fields as a rapid screening tool. Analytical tools for the assessment of in vitro lipolysis include HPLC, GC, HPTLC, SEM, Cryo TEM, Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) for the characterization of the lipids and colloidal phases after digestion of lipids. Various researches have been carried out for the establishment of IVIVC by using in vitro lipolysis models. The current publication also presents an updated review of various researches in the field of in vitro lipolysis.
Reduction in the Ratio of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Highdensity Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Associated with Increased Risks of Hemorrhagic Transformation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yanan , Wei Chenchen , Song Quhong , Liu Junfeng , Cheng Yajun , Li Yisong , Wu Bo , Liu Ming 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose:
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a potentially serious
complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Whether the ratio of low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) is associated with HT
remains unclear.

Methods:
Ischemic stroke patients within 7 days of stroke onset from January 2016 to November
2017 were included in this study. Lipid profiles were measured within 24h after admission. HT
was determined by a second computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging within 7 days
after admission. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association
between LDL-C/HDL-C and HT.

Results:
We enrolled 1239 patients with AIS (788 males; mean age, 64 ± 15 years), of whom 129
(10.4%) developed HT. LDL-C/HDL-C was significantly lower on admission in patients with HT
than those without HT (2.00 ± 0.89 vs. 2.25 ± 1.02, P=0.009). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of
low LDL-C/HDL-C for HT was 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42-3.01, P＜0.001). After
adjustment for possible confounders, lower LDL-C/HDL-C (≤1.52) was significantly associated
with HT (OR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.02-2.31, P=0.046). Similar results were observed between lower
LDL-C (≤ 4 mmol/L) and HT (OR 4.17, 95% CI: 1.25-13.90, P=0.02). However, no significant
association was found between HT and high HDL-C, low triglycerides or low total cholesterol.

Conclusion:
Lower LDL-C/HDL-C and LDL-C were significantly associated with increased risk
of HT after AIS. Further investigations are warranted to confirm these findings and then optimize
lipid management in stroke patients with lower LDL/HDL-C or LDL-C.