bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling curved interfaces without element‐partitioning in the extended finite element method
Authors: Chin Eric B. , Sukumar N. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we model holes and material interfaces (weak discontinuities) in two‐dimensional linear elastic continua using the extended finite element method on higher‐order (spectral) finite element meshes. Arbitrary parametric curves such as rational Bézier curves and cubic Hermite curves are adopted in conjunction with the level set method to represent curved interfaces. Efficient computation of weak form integrals with polynomial integrands is realized via the homogeneous numerical integration scheme—a method that uses Euler's homogeneous function theorem and Stokes' theorem to reduce integration to the boundary of the domain. Numerical integration on cut elements requires the evaluation of a one‐dimensional integral over a parametric curve, and hence, the need to partition curved elements is eliminated. To improve stiffness matrix conditioning, ghost penalty stabilization and the Jacobi preconditioner are used. For material interface problems, we develop an enrichment function that captures weak discontinuities on spectral meshes. Taken together, we show through numerical experiments that these advances deliver optimal algebraic rates of convergence withh‐refinement (p=1,2,…,5) and exponential rates of convergence withp‐refinement (p=1,2,…,7) for elastostatic problems with holes and material inclusions on Cartesianpth‐order spectral finite element meshes.
Systematic review of technology‐based interventions to improve anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life among patients with prostate cancer
Authors: Qan'ir Yousef , Song Lixin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis review aimed to systematically evaluate the characteristics of technology‐based interventions (TBIs) and their effectiveness on anxiety, depression, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with prostate cancer.MethodsWe identified eligible research reports published in English language between January 1, 2000, and September 15, 2018, from CINAHL; Embase; “Library and Information Science Abstracts”; “Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts”; “Library and Information Science Source”; PsychINFO; and PubMed. We abstracted randomized control trials and quasi‐experimental studies that measured the outcomes related to anxiety, depression, or HRQoL. We extracted the data using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions guideline.ResultsAmong the six randomized control trials and four quasi‐experimental studies that met our inclusion criteria, the TBIs aimed to provide informational, psychosocial, self‐care management, and communication support. About 60‐92% of the participants in six studies completed all required contents and 77‐94% of the participants in four studies logged onto the TBI platform. Compared with the patients in usual care, the TBI users reported a significant reduction in anxiety (N=1 study) and depression (N=2 studies) and improvement in HRQoL (N=2 studies). We also identified the limitations of the existing TBI trials.ConclusionsWe found insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of TBIs in improving health outcomes (anxiety, depression, and HRQOL) among patients with prostate cancer. Future research needs to (1) use rigorous randomized control trials, (2) be sufficiently powered to examine the effects of TBIs, and (3) examine how the effect of TBIs on health outcomes vary by actual intervention use, intervention components, and duration.
Urinary and exhaled biomarkers of exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in atopic asthmatic children
Authors: Barreto Mario , Capi Matilde , Lionetto Luana , Caiazzo Ilaria , Salerno Gerardo , Cardelli Patrizia , Simmaco Maurizio , Villa Maria Pia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundExercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) reflects poor asthma control. Assessing noninvasive biomarkers associated with EIB could help to monitor patients in the pediatric age.AimsTo test exhaled and urinary biomarkers for assessing EIB in atopic asthmatic children.MethodsIn 45 atopic patients (11.1 ± 1.8 years, 25 males) we measured the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), its alveolar (CaNO), and bronchial (J’awNO) components corrected for the trumpet shape of the airways and axial NO diffusion (TMAD), concentrations of urinary adenosine and 8‐hydroxy‐2'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OxodG), blood eosinophils count, total immunoglobulin E , skin prick tests, and baseline spirometry before a treadmill exercise challenge. Forty healthy control subjects participated solely to baseline measurements.ResultsPatients yielded higher FENO and urinary adenosine concentrations than healthy controls. After the challenge, 18 patients (40%) had EIB; these patients had higher levels of CaNO, CaNO TMAD, and urinary adenosine than patients without EIB. Baseline spirometry, FE
NO, JawNO, JawNO TMAD, urinary 8‐OxodG, allergy, and blood eosinophil counts were found similar in both groups. In multiple linear regression, the fall in FEV
1 was explained by CaNO TMAD, urinary adenosine and blood eosinophil count, whereas the fall in FEF
25‐75 was explained by CaNO TMAD and blood eosinophil count. Both CaNO TMAD ≥10.5 ppb and urinary adenosine ≥406 nmol/mmol Cr predicted a fall in FEV
1 ≥10%, while only CaNO TMAD ≥10.5 ppb predicted a fall in FEF
25‐75 ≥26%.ConclusionConcentrations of peripheral airway NO are complementary with urinary adenosine for assessing EIB and promising tools of asthma control in pediatric patients with the atopic phenotype.
The effect of electric current on chemical bonding of hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum nanowire
Authors: Senami Masato , Matsunaga Shunji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of electric current on hydrogen adsorption on an aluminum nanowire surface is studied by using nonequilibrium Green's function method. We choose the models studied in the previous work of one of the authors as an aluminum nanowire model and a hydrogen‐adsorbed one. These nanowire models have conductive ability, because the aluminum part of these models is metallic. It is confirmed that electric current affects the strength of the adsorption of hydrogen atoms, and the change of the bonding of hydrogen to aluminum nanowire surface is larger for larger current. However, the change of the chemical bonding is negligibly small within the bias voltage ≤0.5 V.
Spawning Locations within and among Tributaries Influence Flannelmouth Sucker Offspring Experience
Authors: Cathcart Charles N. , Gido Keith B. , Brandenburg W. Howard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMigratory fishes often spawn across broad spatial scales to limit intraspecific interactions among mature and immature individuals, leading to long‐distance movements of both adults and offspring. Thus, offspring are potentially exposed to a range of environmental conditions throughout their development that affect growth, survival, and recruitment. Migratory suckers (family Catostomidae) can be used to test spatial variation in early life stage experiences for iteroparous fishes. We use the Flannelmouth Sucker Catostomus latipinnis, a fish that is endemic to the American Southwest, to illustrate how larval and juvenile stages are affected by the distance of upstream spawning migration in tributaries that vary in flow regime and habitat availability (i.e., perennial versus intermittent streams). Remote detection of PIT‐tagged migrating adults indicated that spawning and larval rearing sites were distributed over 32 km within McElmo Creek, a perennial tributary to the San Juan River, Utah. Physical sampling of an upstream intermittent tributary, the Mancos River, New Mexico showed that spawning adults—and then larvae—were restricted to within 1 km of the main‐stem river. Quantile regression demonstrated recruitment of larvae to the juvenile stage was significantly (i.e., up to 2 weeks) faster in more upstream reaches of the perennial tributary, potentially due to more constant thermal regimes. Spatial differences in animal community structure at sites with larval Flannelmouth Sucker indicated that the potential for predation and competition was greatest in upstream reaches. Small, rare, and even intermittent tributaries concentrate spawning activity that dictates larval sucker experiences. Conserving, maintaining, and enhancing connectivity via flows synchronized with spawning and rearing are critical steps to protect migratory suckers in arid environments.
Typification ofSalvia×auriculata(Labiatae)
Authors: Rivera Diego , Obón Concepción , Alcaraz Francisco , Reales Antonio , Barreña José Antonio 
Published: June 2019

The group of intermediate sage cultivars of hybrid origin, alternatively ascribed toSalvia fruticosaorS. officinalis, is currently interpreted as an interspecific hybridS. ×auriculata(S. fruticosa×S. officinalis). Neotypification of the nameS. ×auriculatais proposed here.
Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics
Authors: Stouvenakers Gilles , Dapprich Peter , Massart Sebastien , Jijakli M. Haïssam 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.
Aquaponics as an Educational Tool
Authors: Junge Ranka , Bulc Tjasa Griessler , Anseeuw Dieter , Yavuzcan Yildiz Hijran , Milliken Sarah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of possible strategies for implementing aquaponics in curricula at different levels of education, illustrated by case studies from different countries. Aquaponics can promote scientific literacy and provide a useful tool for teaching the natural sciences at all levels, from primary through to tertiary education. An aquaponics classroom model system can provide multiple ways of enriching classes in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), and the day-to-day maintenance of an aquaponics can also enable experiential learning. Aquaponics can thus become an enjoyable and effective way for learners to study STEM content, and can also be used for teaching subjects such as business and economics, and for addressing issues like sustainable development, environmental science, agriculture, food systems, and health. Using learner and teacher evaluations of the use of aquaponics at different educational levels, we attempt to answer the question of whether aquaponics fulfils its promise as an educational tool.
Decoupled Aquaponics Systems
Authors: Goddek Simon , Joyce Alyssa , Wuertz Sven , Körner Oliver , Bläser Ingo , Reuter Michael , Keesman Karel J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTraditional aquaponics systems were arranged in a single process loop that directs nutrient-rich water from fish to the plants and back. Given the differing specific nutrient and environmental requirements of plants and fish, such systems presented a compromise to the ideal conditions for rearing of both, thus reducing the efficiency and productivity of such coupled systems. More recently, designs that allow for decoupling of units provide for a more finely tuned regulation of the process water in each of the respective units while also allowing for better recycling of nutrients from sludge. Suspended solids from the fish (e.g. faeces and uneaten feed) need to be removed from the process water before water can be directed to plants in order to prevent clogging of hydroponic systems, a step that represents a significant loss of total nutrients, most importantly phosphorus. The reuse of sludge and mobilization of nutrients contained within that sludge present a number of engineering challenges that, if addressed creatively, can dramatically increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaponics systems. One solution is to separate, or when there are pathogens or production problems, to isolate components of the system, thus maximizing overall control and efficiency of each component, while reducing compromises between the conditions and species-specific requirements of each subsystem. Another potential innovation that is made possible by the decoupling of units involves introducing additional loops wherein bioreactors can be used to treat sludge. An additional distillation loop can ensure increased nutrient concentrations to the hydroponics unit while, at the same time, reducing adverse effects on fish health from high nutrient levels in the RAS unit. Several studies have documented the aerobic and anaerobic digestion performance of bioreactors for treating sludge, but the benefits of the digestate on plant growth are not well-researched. Both remineralization and distillation components consequently have a high unexplored potential to improve decoupled aquaponics systems.
From Community to Public Libraries: Liberalism, Education, and Self-Government
Authors: Atkin Lara , Comyn Sarah , Fermanis Porscha , Garvey Nathan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the emergence of public libraries in the southern colonies, looking at how access to knowledge, education, and book provision were understood. It focuses primarily on the various meanings attaching to the word ‘public’ in the nineteenth century and on the development of ‘national’ acquisition and collection policies, but it also examines the motivations and catalysts for the development of public libraries more generally, concentrating on the specific, local conditions that led to their establishment and growth, on their connection to political factions concerned with representative government, and on their contribution to a distinctive type of ‘colonial modernity’.
Genus species sp. nov., an underscribed fungus (Taxonomic group) from habit in country with interesting biological properties
Authors: Seifert Keith A. , Rossman Amy Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIf your title is sufficiently engaging, a prospective reader will probably look next at the Abstract. The abstract should include all details necessary for the reader who does not have access to the whole article (i.e. someone looking at the abstract only on-line or in an abstract journal) so that they will know whether it is worth their time or money to obtain the full article. When describing a new species, you should include a summary of the diagnostic characters of the new species, especially the spore characters and dimensions. Make sure to include information about where your fungus was found and what is was growing on. If you have molecular data, it is useful to mention what genes you have sequenced, and what this information tells us about the fungus, such as what family or order it belongs to, and what are the most closely related species. Mention if a key to related species or comparative synoptic table is included, a feature that will increase potential readership.
Prevalence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective descriptive study
Authors: Al-Hassani Ammar , Ahmad Khalid , El-Menyar Ayman , Abutaka Ahmad , Mekkodathil Ahammed , Peralta Ruben , Al Khalil Moustafa , Al-Thani Hassan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction
We aimed to describe the prevalence and pattern of maxillofacial trauma in Qatar.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of trauma registry data at Hamad General Hospital during the period from January 2011 to December 2014. The study included all traumatic maxillofacial patients who underwent CT scan and were admitted during the study period.

Results
A total of 1187 patients with maxillofacial injuries were included in the study and 18.5% of all trauma admissions were related to maxillofacial injuries. Young age and males were predominantly affected. Mechanisms of injury were mainly traffic-related and fall. Orbital injuries were the commonest followed by maxillary injuries. The median and range face abbreviated injury score (AIS) was 2 [1–3] with 66% had a score of 2. Maxillofacial fractures were frequently associated with traumatic brain injuries. One out of five patients was managed with surgery and had median length of stays in ICU and hospital 5 and 7 days, respectively. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 8.3%. Mortality in isolated maxillofacial was low (0.3%) in comparison to 15% in polytrauma patients (p = 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that Injury Severity Score, face AIS and Glasgow Coma Scale were predictors of mortality with age-adjusted odd ratio of 1.15, 2.48 and 0.82; respectively.

Conclusions
Maxillofacial trauma requiring admission is not uncommon in our trauma center and mostly it is mild to moderate in severity. Associated injuries are present in most of the maxillofacial injured patients and further diagnostic investigations should be part of the assessment in maxillofacial injuries.
Readmission Adversely Affects Survival in Surgical Rectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Sophia Y. , Stem Miloslawa , Gearhart Susan L. , Safar Bashar , Fang Sandy H. , Azad Nilofer S. , Murphy Adrian G. , Narang Amol K. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Efron Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundReadmission has received attention as a potential healthcare quality metric. No studies have investigated the relationship between readmission and survival in patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery. The aims of this study were to identify factors associated with 30‐day readmission after rectal cancer surgery and to determine the impact of readmission on overall survival (OS).MethodsPatients who underwent surgical treatment for rectal/rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma stages I–IV were identified using the National Cancer Database (2004–2014). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors for readmission. 2:1 nearest neighbor caliper matching without replacement was used to ensure similarity of patients being compared. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier method along with log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf 110,167 patients, 7045 (6.39%) were readmitted. Factors associated with readmission included higher Charlson comorbidity score, non‐private or no insurance, procedure type, hospitals in the Northeast, South, and Midwest regions, and prolonged length of stay. Within the matched cohort (13,756 non‐readmitted and 6878 readmitted), readmitted patients had worse 5‐ and 10‐year OS regardless of cancer stage (p < 0.001) and procedure type. Five‐ and 10‐year OS were 58.98% and 41.01% for readmitted patients, 64.96% and 43.50% for non‐readmitted patients. Readmitted patients had shorter OS by 13.14 months and increased risk of mortality (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.15–1.25, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThirty‐day readmission after rectal cancer surgery is associated with decreased OS. Efforts to reduce readmissions should be considered to advance cancer care and enhance the potential for improved patient survival.
Change in Skeletal Muscle Following Resection of Stage I–III Colorectal Cancer is Predictive of Poor Survival: A Cohort Study
Authors: Hopkins Jessica J. , Reif Rebecca , Bigam David , Baracos Vickie E. , Eurich Dean T. , Sawyer Michael M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia at time of diagnosis predicts worse survival outcomes. It is currently unknown how changes in muscle mass over time interact with sarcopenia in colorectal patients treated with curative intent. Objectives of this study were to quantify sarcopenia and skeletal muscle loss from time of diagnosis to end of surveillance and determine its effect on survival outcomes after completion of 2 years of surveillance.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of stage I–III colorectal cancer patients from 2007–2009, who underwent resection and had preoperative and 2‐year surveillance computed tomography scans, without recurrence during that time. Body composition analysis was done at both time points to determine lumbar skeletal muscle index, radiodensity and adiposity. Change over time was standardized as a percentage per year. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was used for survival analysis.ResultsOf 667 patients included, median survival from surgery was 7.96 years, with 75 recurrences occurring after 2 years. On average patients lost muscle mass (−0.415%/year; CI −0.789, −0.042) and radiodensity (−5.76 HU/year; CI −6.74, −4.80), but gained total adipose tissue (7.06%/year; CI 4.34, 9.79). Patients with sarcopenia at diagnosis (HR 1.80; CI 1.13, 2.85) or muscle loss over time (HR 1.55; CI 1.01, 2.37) had worse overall survival, with significantly worse joint effect (HR 2.73; CI 1.32, 5.65).ConclusionsSarcopenia at diagnosis combined with ongoing skeletal muscle loss over time resulted in significantly worse survival. Patients with these features who are recurrence‐free at 2 years are more likely to have a non‐colorectal cancer cause of death.