bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deontic commitments in conditional promises and threats: towards an exemplar semantics for conditionals
Authors: SZTENCEL MAGDALENA , CLARKE LEESA 
Published: August 2018

abstractThis paper studies two types of cognitive factors which have been assumed to underpin people’s interpretation of conditional promises and threats: logic and socio-cognitive assumptions about what conditional promisors and threateners are obliged and permitted to do. We consider whether the logic of conditionals is compatible with the socio-cognitive assumptions underlying their interpretation or whether the two come apart. From the classical logical accounts of conditionals, almost all modern theories have inherited a constraint which specifies that a conditional cannot be true if its antecedent is true and consequent false. This logical constraint is widely assumed to constitute, at least partially, a conditional’s semantics, or ‘core meaning’. A replication of Beller et al.’s (2005) study, reported in this paper, calls for revisiting this long-standing, cross-theoretically assumed constraint. As predicted, we have found that, in English, conditional promises are generally consistent with this logical constraint, but threats are not. Our findings provide evidence for the existence of a new usage-based category of conditional threats, and support the claim that the observed logical asymmetry in the interpretation of conditional promises versus threats is just an epiphenomenon of a socio-cognitive symmetry which pertains to people’s assumptions about the deontic commitments of both conditional promisors and threateners. Based on (i) the observed lack of uniform application of the logical constraint and (ii) a consideration of individual variation in the interpretation of conditional promises and threats, we argue that an exemplar approach to conditionals is a plausible option.
The Military-Adventurous Complex: Officers, adventurers, and Japanese expansion in East Asia, 1884–1937
Authors: ORBACH DANNY 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJapanese imperialism was one of the most important driving forces in the history of modern East Asia. One influential group of actors at the grassroots level were the so-called ‘continental adventurers’ (tairiku rōnin)—Japanese nationals who travelled in Korea and China on the lookout for adventures and employment opportunities. Some of them worked part time for the army as spies, translators, and agents for special operations. These adventurers have been studied before as agents of Japanese imperialism, but existing accounts fail to present a convincing model of the mechanism that made their activities effective. The goal of this article is to fill this gap.This mechanism, which I shall hereafter call ‘the military-adventurous complex’, was a lobby of officers, continental adventurers, businessmen, politicians, criminal elements as well as Chinese, Manchurian, and Mongolian revolutionaries. The interests of these contingents were unique but nevertheless intertwining. Despite its decentralized character, the military-adventurous complex had a significant impact on Japanese foreign policy over an extended period. In this article, we shall explore the contours, structure, and modus operandi of that complex, its ambivalent relationship with the Japanese state, as well as several examples of its operations in the early twentieth century. Finally, we shall dwell on the ramifications of the complex on the development of Japanese imperialism.
A mixed-methods evaluation using low-income adult Georgians’ experience with a smartphone-based eLearning nutrition education programme
Authors: Stotz Sarah , Lee Jung Sun , Hall Jori 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo understand low-income adults’ expectations and experiences using an innovative smartphone and theory-based eLearning nutrition education programme, entitled Food eTalk.DesignLongitudinal mixed-methods single case study including a series of focus group and individual interviews, demographic and Internet habits surveys, and user-tracking data. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed using the constant comparative method and digitalized using Atlas.ti. Descriptive statistics were analysed for demographics and user-tracking data.SettingCommunity-based locations including libraries, public housing complexes, schools, safety-net clinics and food pantries.SubjectsLow-income Georgian adults aged ≥18 years (n64), USA.ResultsParticipants found Food eTalk easy to navigate and better designed than expected. Primary themes were twofold: (i) motivation to engage in eLearning may be a formidable barrier to Food eTalk’s success but improved programme content, format and external incentives could mitigate this barrier; and (ii) applying knowledge to change nutrition-related behaviour is challenging. To encourage engagement in eLearning nutrition education, programme format should highlight interactive games, videos, be short in length, and feature content that is relevant and important from the perspective of the priority audience. Examples of these topics include quick and easy recipes, chronic disease-specific diet information and tips to feed ‘picky’ children. Additionally, external incentives may help mitigate barriers to healthful eating behaviour and increase engagement in the programme.ConclusionsThe findings suggest eLearning nutrition education programmes are best designed to match low-income adults’ typical smartphone habits, include content considered particularly relevant by the intended audience and highlight solutions to barriers to healthful eating.
Transition management for organic agriculture under citrus cultivation favors fungal diversity in soil
Authors: Scotton Juliana Cristina , Homma Sérgio Kenji , Costa Wesley Luiz Fialho , Pinto Diego Fontebasso Pelizari , Govone José Silvio , Attili-Angelis Derlene 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present international scenario recognizes organic agriculture as an innovative solution to reduce agrochemicals and practices that degrade the agroecosystem. Yet, the shift from an already well-established agricultural model to a relatively new one is a challenging task and requires further scientific support. This work investigated the influence of transitional management – TM (from conventional to organic agriculture) on the soil fungal community under citrus, in dry and rainy periods. From 2012 to 2015 on, an area in Mogi Guaçú, SP, Brazil was selected, and two treatments were installed: a conventional management (CM) system based on farming practices with agrochemicals and fertilizers use, and another, transition management (TM) based on a 25% reduction per year of the chemical substances used in CM, with soil conditioner bokashi introduced. The performance of the transition system was evaluated in the context of soil fertility and diversity index of fungal taxa, by plate culture isolation, through the richness of Margalef (Dmg), diversity of Shannon (H′) and reverse Simpson (D). Differences in the occurrence and frequency of Paecilomyces, greater under CM and Penicillium, greater under TM, highlighted the influence of the management system employed. Richness and diversity indices were higher under TM. Principal component analysis revealed that 49.9% of the differences in fungal diversity was due to the management system. Only 16.5% was a result of the season of sampling. Four years of reduction/replacement of chemical practices in TM was sufficient to modify and favor some soil fungal taxa and consequently their activity. This research brings promising results to organic agriculture initiatives with relevant results for a tropical climate area.
Selective N-terminal acylation of peptides and proteins with a Gly-His tag sequence
Authors: Martos-Maldonado Manuel C. , Hjuler Christian T. , Sørensen Kasper K. , Thygesen Mikkel B. , Rasmussen Jakob E. , Villadsen Klaus , Midtgaard Søren R. , Kol Stefan , Schoffelen Sanne , Jensen Knud J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMethods for site-selective chemistry on proteins are in high demand for the synthesis of chemically modified biopharmaceuticals, as well as for applications in chemical biology, biosensors and more. Inadvertent N-terminal gluconoylation has been reported during expression of proteins with an N-terminal His tag. Here we report the development of this side-reaction into a general method for highly selective N-terminal acylation of proteins to introduce functional groups. We identify an optimized N-terminal sequence, GHHHn− for the reaction with gluconolactone and 4-methoxyphenyl esters as acylating agents, facilitating the introduction of functionalities in a highly selective and efficient manner. Azides, biotin or a fluorophore are introduced at the N-termini of four unrelated proteins by effective and selective acylation with the 4-methoxyphenyl esters. This Gly-Hisntag adds the unique capability for highly selective N-terminal chemical acylation of expressed proteins. We anticipate that it can find wide application in chemical biology and for biopharmaceuticals.
Early selection of bZIP73 facilitated adaptation of japonica rice to cold climates
Authors: Liu Citao , Ou Shujun , Mao Bigang , Tang Jiuyou , Wang Wei , Wang Hongru , Cao Shouyun , Schläppi Michael R. , Zhao Bingran , Xiao Guoying , Wang Xiping , Chu Chengcai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCold stress is a major factor limiting production and geographic distribution of rice (Oryza sativa). Although the growth range ofjaponicasubspecies has expanded northward compared to modern wild rice (O. rufipogon), the molecular basis of the adaptation remains unclear. Here we reportbZIP73, a bZIP transcription factor-coding gene with only one functional polymorphism (+511 G>A) between the two subspeciesjaponicaandindica, may have facilitatedjaponicaadaptation to cold climates. We show thejaponicaversion of bZIP73 (bZIP73Jap) interacts with bZIP71 and modulates ABA levels and ROS homeostasis. Evolutionary and population genetic analyses suggestbZIP73has undergone balancing selection; thebZIP73Japallele has firstly selected from standing variations in wild rice and likely facilitated cold climate adaptation during initialjaponicadomestication, while theindicaallelebZIP73Indwas subsequently selected for reasons that remain unclear. Our findings reveal early selection ofbZIP73Japmay have facilitated climate adaptation of primitive rice germplasms.
Galectin-9 suppresses B cell receptor signaling and is regulated by I-branching of N-glycans
Authors: Giovannone N. , Liang J. , Antonopoulos A. , Geddes Sweeney J. , King S. L. , Pochebit S. M. , Bhattacharyya N. , Lee G. S. , Dell A. , Widlund H. R. , Haslam S. M. , Dimitroff C. J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLeukocytes are coated with a layer of heterogeneous carbohydrates (glycans) that modulate immune function, in part by governing specific interactions with glycan-binding proteins (lectins). Although nearly all membrane proteins bear glycans, the identity and function of most of these sugars on leukocytes remain unexplored. Here, we characterize the N-glycan repertoire (N-glycome) of human tonsillar B cells. We observe that naive and memory B cells express an N-glycan repertoire conferring strong binding to the immunoregulatory lectin galectin-9 (Gal-9). Germinal center B cells, by contrast, show sharply diminished binding to Gal-9 due to upregulation of I-branched N-glycans, catalyzed by the β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase GCNT2. Functionally, we find that Gal-9 is autologously produced by naive B cells, binds CD45, suppresses calcium signaling via a Lyn-CD22-SHP-1 dependent mechanism, and blunts B cell activation. Thus, our findings suggest Gal-9 intrinsically regulates B cell activation and may differentially modulate BCR signaling at steady state and within germinal centers.
Emerging many-body effects in semiconductor artificial graphene with low disorder
Authors: Du Lingjie , Wang Sheng , Scarabelli Diego , Pfeiffer Loren N. , West Ken W. , Fallahi Saeed , Gardner Geoff C. , Manfra Michael J. , Pellegrini Vittorio , Wind Shalom J. , Pinczuk Aron 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interplay between electron–electron interactions and the honeycomb topology is expected to produce exotic quantum phenomena and find applications in advanced devices. Semiconductor-based artificial graphene (AG) is an ideal system for these studies that combines high-mobility electron gases with AG topology. However, to date, low-disorder conditions that reveal the interplay of electron–electron interaction with AG symmetry have not been achieved. Here, we report the creation of low-disorder AG that preserves the near-perfection of the pristine electron layer by fabricating small period triangular antidot lattices on high-quality quantum wells. Resonant inelastic light scattering spectra show collective spin-exciton modes at the M-point's nearly flatband saddle-point singularity in the density of states. The observed Coulomb exchange interaction energies are comparable to the gap of Dirac bands at the M-point, demonstrating interplay between quasiparticle interactions and the AG potential. The saddle-point exciton energies are in the terahertz range, making low-disorder AG suitable for contemporary optoelectronic applications.
Multi-photon near-infrared emission saturation nanoscopy using upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Chaohao , Wang Fan , Wen Shihui , Su Qian Peter , Wu Mike C. L. , Liu Yongtao , Wang Baoming , Li Du , Shan Xuchen , Kianinia Mehran , Aharonovich Igor , Toth Milos , Jackson Shaun P. , Xi Peng , Jin Dayong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultiphoton fluorescence microscopy (MPM), using near infrared excitation light, provides increased penetration depth, decreased detection background, and reduced phototoxicity. Using stimulated emission depletion (STED) approach, MPM can bypass the diffraction limitation, but it requires both spatial alignment and temporal synchronization of high power (femtosecond) lasers, which is limited by the inefficiency of the probes. Here, we report that upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) can unlock a new mode of near-infrared emission saturation (NIRES) nanoscopy for deep tissue super-resolution imaging with excitation intensity several orders of magnitude lower than that required by conventional MPM dyes. Using a doughnut beam excitation from a 980 nm diode laser and detecting at 800 nm, we achieve a resolution of sub 50 nm, 1/20th of the excitation wavelength, in imaging of single UCNP through 93 μm thick liver tissue. This method offers a simple solution for deep tissue super resolution imaging and single molecule tracking.
Confirmation of GLRA3 as a susceptibility locus for albuminuria in Finnish patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sandholm Niina , Haukka Jani K , Toppila Iiro , Valo Erkka , Harjutsalo Valma , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUrinary albumin excretion is an early sign of diabetic kidney disease, affecting every third individual with diabetes. Despite substantial estimated heritability, only variants in the GLRA3 gene have been genome-wide significantly associated (p-value < 5 × 10−8) with diabetic albuminuria, in Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes; However, replication attempt in non-Finnish Europeans with type 1 diabetes showed nominally significant association in the opposite direction, suggesting a population-specific effect, but simultaneously leaving the finding controversial. In this study, the association between the common rs10011025 variant in the GLRA3 locus, and albuminuria, was confirmed in 1259 independent Finnish individuals with type 1 diabetes (p = 0.0013), and meta-analysis of all Finnish individuals yielded a genome-wide significant association. The association was particularly pronounced in subjects not reaching the treatment target for blood glucose levels (HbA1c > 7%; N = 2560, p = 1.7 × 10−9). Even though further studies are needed to pinpoint the causal variants, dissecting the association at the GLRA3 locus may uncover novel molecular mechanisms for diabetic albuminuria irrespective of population background.
Na/K-ATPase Y260 Phosphorylation–mediated Src Regulation in Control of Aerobic Glycolysis and Tumor Growth
Authors: Banerjee Moumita , Cui Xiaoyu , Li Zhichuan , Yu Hui , Cai Liquan , Jia Xuelian , He Daheng , Wang Chi , Gao Tianyan , Xie Zijian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report here the identification of α1 Na/K-ATPase as a major regulator of the proto-oncogene Src kinase and the role of this regulation in control of Warburg effect and tumor growth. Specifically, we discovered Y260 in α1 Na/K-ATPase as a Src-specific phosphorylation and binding site and that Y260 phosphorylation is required for Src-mediated signal transduction in response to a number of stimuli including EGF. As such, it enables a dynamic control of aerobic glycolysis. However, such regulation appears to be lost or attenuated in human cancers as the expression of Na/K-ATPase α1 was significantly decreased in prostate, breast and kidney cancers, and further reduced in corresponding metastatic lesions in patient samples. Consistently, knockdown of α1 Na/K-ATPase led to a further increase in lactate production and the growth of tumor xenograft. These findings suggest that α1 Na/K-ATPase works as a tumor suppressor and that a loss of Na/K-ATPase-mediated Src regulation may lead to Warburg phenotype in cancer.
Preparation and characterization of Sn/La co-doped TiO2 nanomaterials and their phase transformation and photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhu Xiaodong , Pei Lingxiu , Zhu Ranran , Jiao Yu , Tang Renyong , Feng Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pure, tin (Sn)-doped, lanthanum (La)-doped and Sn/La co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterials were synthesized using sol-gel method followed by calcination at the temperature of 360 °C, 450 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The structures of the nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum (XPS), Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum (DRS), Photoluminescence Spectrum (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Measurements (BET), respectively. The photocatalytic property of the photocatalysts under UV light was evaluated through the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). The results show that the anatase-rutile phase transition is promoted by Sn-doping while La-doping retards the phase transition. However, La doping plays a major role in the process of phase transformation. The photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 is affected by annealing temperature remarkably and the optimal annealing temperature is 450 °C. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is enhanced significantly by Sn and La doping at three different temperatures. Sn/La-TiO2 exhibits the highest degradation rates and the fastest reaction rates probably owing to the synergistic effect of Sn4+ and La3+ ions in inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The formation of extra surface hydroxyl groups and additional surface area are also beneficial for the photocatalytic activity.
Acute Physical Activity Enhances Executive Functions in Children with ADHD
Authors: Benzing Valentin , Chang Yu-Kai , Schmidt Mirko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcute physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity has been shown to improve cognitive functions in children. However, the empirical evidence associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children is still limited, in particular regarding which specific cognitive functions benefit. This study investigated the effects of an acute bout of physical activity on multiple aspects of executive functions (inhibition, switching, and visual working memory) in children with ADHD. Forty-six children (8–12 years old; 82.6% boys) were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of acute exergaming (physical activity of moderate intensity) or to a control condition (sedentary). Executive function performance in inhibition, switching and visual working memory were assessed before and after each condition, using a modified version of both the Flanker and the Color Span Backwards Task. The results revealed that participants in the exergaming group performed significantly faster than those in the control group in terms of both inhibition and switching, but there was no significant difference in the accuracy of the two tasks nor in visual working memory performance. These findings suggest that acute physical activity utilizing exergaming has the potential to improve specific aspects of executive functions (reaction times in inhibition and switching) in children with ADHD.
Complementary iTRAQ-based proteomic and RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analyses reveal a complex network regulating pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit peel colour
Authors: Luo Xiang , Cao Da , Li Haoxian , Zhao Diguang , Xue Hui , Niu Juan , Chen Lina , Zhang Fuhong , Cao Shangyin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeel colour is an important factor affecting the marketability of pomegranate fruits. Therefore, elucidating the genetic mechanism of fruit peel colour development may be useful for breeding pomegranate cultivars with enhanced fruit peel colours. In this study, we combined an iTRAQ-based proteome-level analysis with an RNA sequencing-based transcriptome-level analysis to detect the proteins and genes related to fruit peel colour development in pomegranate. We analysed the ‘Tunisia’ (red fruit) and ‘White’ (white fruit) pomegranate cultivars at two stages of fruit development. A total of 27 differentially abundant proteins (increased abundance) and 54 differentially expressed genes (16 up-regulated and 38 down-regulated) were identified from our proteomics and transcriptomics data. The identified proteins and genes contribute to pomegranate fruit peel colour by participating in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, stilbenoids, diarylheptanoids, gingerols, flavonoids, and phenylpropanoids. Several candidate proteins and genes corresponded to enzymes related to general reactions (PAL, 4CL, DFR, LDOX/ANS, CHS, and F3′5′H) and glycosylation (GT1 and UGAT) of compounds and pigments related to the colour of pomegranate fruit peel. Complementary proteome- and transcriptome-level analyses revealed a complex molecular network controlling fruit peel colour. The candidate genes identified in this study may be useful for the marker-based breeding of new pomegranate cultivars.
A novel ZIC3 gene mutation identified in patients with heterotaxy and congenital heart disease
Authors: Li Shuolin , Liu Sida , Chen Weicheng , Yuan Yuan , Gu Ruoyi , Song Yangliu , Li Jian , Cao Yinyin , Lin Yixiang , Xu Jun , Wang Huijun , Ma Duan , Ma Xiaojing , Sheng Wei , Huang Guoying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHeterotaxy syndrome (HTX) is characterized by left-right (LR) asymmetry disturbances associated with severe heart malformations. However, the exact genetic cause of HTX pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenic mechanism underlying heterotaxy syndrome. Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed for twenty-two candidate genes correlated with LR axis development in sixty-six HTX patients from unrelated families. Variants were filtered from databases and predicted in silico using prediction programs. A total of twenty-one potential disease-causing variants were identified in seven genes. Next, we used Sanger sequencing to confirm the identified variants in the family pedigree and found a novel hemizygous mutation (c.890G > T, p.C297F) in the ZIC3 gene in a male patient that was inherited from his mother, who was a carrier. The results of functional indicated that this ZIC3 mutation decreases transcriptional activity, affects the affinity of the GLI-binding site and results in aberrant cellular localization in transfected cells. Moreover, morpholino-knockdown experiments in zebrafish demonstrated that zic3 mutant mRNA failed to rescue the abnormal phenotype, suggesting a role for the novel ZIC3 mutation in heterotaxy syndrome.