bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in understanding immune phenotypes of thyroid carcinomas: prognostication and emerging therapies
Authors: Liotti Federica , Prevete Nella , Vecchio Giancarlo , Melillo Rosa Marina 
Published: February 2019

Tumors modulate the host immune cells within their microenvironment to avoid recognition and elimination by our immune system, a phenotype called cancer immune escape. Different mechanisms responsible for cancer immune escape that result either in decreased tumor immunogenicity or in increased tumor immunosuppressive activity have been identified. Recently, various immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim to revert tumor immune escape. The aims of this review are to explore the immunological aspects of thyroid cancer and to assess whether these features can be exploited in the prognosis and treatment of advanced forms of this disease. Therefore, we will describe the immune landscape and phenotypes of thyroid cancer, summarize studies investigating the expression of immunomodulatory molecules, and finally describe the preclinical and clinical trials investigating the utility of immunotherapies in the management of thyroid cancer. The aim of this review is to explore the immunological aspects of thyroid cancer and to assess whether these features can be exploited in the prognosis and treatment of advanced forms of this disease. Therefore, we will describe the immune-landscape and phenotypes of thyroid cancer, we will summarize studies investigating the expression of immunomodulatory molecules, and we will finally describe the preclinical and clinical trials investigating the utility of immunotherapies in the management of thyroid cancer.
The understanding of complex syntax in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , Thompson Paul A. , Duta Mihaela , Bishop Dorothy V. M. 
Published: February 2019

Background:Down syndrome (DS) is associated with poor language skills that seem disproportionate to general nonverbal ability, but the nature and causes of this deficit are unclear. We assessed how individuals with DS understand complex linguistic constructions, and considered how cognitive ability and memory and impact the ability of those with DS to process these sentence types.Methods:There were three groups participating in the study: children with DS (n = 33) and two control groups composed of children with cognitive impairment of unknown aetiology (CI) (n = 32) and children with typical development (n = 33). The three groups did not differ on raw scores on a test of non-verbal cognitive ability. Using a newly devised animation task, we examined how well individuals with DS (n = 33) could understand relative clauses, complement clauses and adverbial clauses compared to children with CI and typically developing controls. Participants also completed the Test for the Reception of Grammar-2, three measures of memory (forward and backward digit recall, visuo-spatial memory) and a hearing screen.Results:Results indicated that (1) with the exception of intransitive subject relative clauses, children with DS performed at floor on all other complex sentences, (2) they performed at a significantly lower level than both control groups, and (3) DS status accounted for a significant proportion of the variance over and above memory skills.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that children with DS have a disproportionate difficulty understanding complex sentences compared to two control groups matched on mental age. Furthermore, their understanding of syntax is not completely explained by poor cognitive or memory skills, rather it appears to be a specific deficit that may distinguish children with DS from other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Effect of intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle strengthening exercises on foot parameters and foot dysfunctions in pregnant women: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ramachandra Preetha , Kumar Pratap , Kamath Asha , Maiya Arun G 
Published: February 2019

Background/Aims: The medial longitudinal arch of the foot is supported by both active and passive systems. Focusing on the active system by strengthening the intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles and its effect on the foot parameters in pregnant women has been underresearched. Methods: A total of 86 primigravidae (women who were pregnant for the first time) were recruited at the 18th week of gestation. The control group received routine antenatal exercises and the study group received intrinsic and extrinsic foot exercises along with the routine antenatal exercises. The outcome measures evaluated were foot parameters and foot dysfunctions, which were reassessed at the 24th and 32nd week of gestation. Results: The results suggested that there was a significant difference between the study group and control group in terms of foot width, navicular height, truncated foot length and normalised navicular height truncated, which indicated that there was a significant drop in the arch of the foot (pronation) in the control group compared to the study group (P=<0.001). The foot dysfunctions reported by the study group were significantly less compared to the control group. Conclusions: A comprehensive foot exercise programme was found to be effective in reducing the drop in arch height and also in preventing foot dysfunctions in pregnant women.
Medial and lateral gap laxity differential in computer-assisted kinematic total knee arthroplasty
Authors: McEwen P. , Balendra G. , Doma K. 
Published: February 2019

Aims The results of kinematic total knee arthroplasty (KTKA) have been reported in terms of limb and component alignment parameters but not in terms of gap laxities and differentials. In kinematic alignment (KA), balance should reflect the asymmetrical balance of the normal knee, not the classic rectangular flexion and extension gaps sought with gap-balanced mechanical axis total knee arthroplasty (MATKA). This paper aims to address the following questions: 1) what factors determine coronal joint congruence as measured on standing radiographs?; 2) is flexion gap asymmetry produced with KA?; 3) does lateral flexion gap laxity affect outcomes?; 4) is lateral flexion gap laxity associated with lateral extension gap laxity?; and 5) can consistent ligament balance be produced without releases? Patients and Methods A total of 192 KTKAs completed by a single surgeon using a computer-assisted technique were followed for a mean of 3.5 years (2 to 5). There were 116 male patients (60%) and 76 female patients (40%) with a mean age of 65 years (48 to 88). Outcome measures included intraoperative gap laxity measurements and component positions, as well as joint angles from postoperative three-foot standing radiographs. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were analyzed in terms of alignment and balance: EuroQol (EQ)-5D visual analogue scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), KOOS Joint Replacement (JR), and Oxford Knee Score (OKS). Results Postoperative limb alignment did not affect outcomes. The standing hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was the sole positive predictor of the joint line convergence angle (JLCA) (p < 0.001). Increasing lateral flexion gap laxity was consistently associated with better outcomes. Lateral flexion gap laxity did not correlate with HKA angle, the JLCA, or lateral extension gap laxity. Minor releases were required in one third of cases. Conclusion The standing HKA angle is the primary determinant of the JLCA in KTKA. A rectangular flexion gap is produced in only 11% of cases. Lateral flexion gap laxity is consistently associated with better outcomes and does not affect balance in extension. Minor releases are sometimes required as well, particularly in limbs with larger preoperative deformities. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:331–339.
Defining reference values for the normal tibiofibular syndesmosis in adults using weight-bearing CT
Authors: Patel S. , Malhotra K. , Cullen N. P. , Singh D. , Goldberg A. J. , Welck M. J. 
Published: February 2019

Aims Cone beam CT allows cross-sectional imaging of the tibiofibular syndesmosis while the patient bears weight. This may facilitate more accurate and reliable investigation of injuries to, and reconstruction of, the syndesmosis but normal ranges of measurements are required first. The purpose of this study was to establish: 1) the normal reference measurements of the syndesmosis; 2) if side-to-side variations exist in syndesmotic anatomy; 3) if age affects syndesmotic anatomy; and 4) if the syndesmotic anatomy differs between male and female patients in weight-bearing cone beam CT views. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 50 male and 50 female patients (200 feet) aged 18 years or more, who underwent bilateral, simultaneous imaging of their lower legs while standing in an upright, weight-bearing position in a pedCAT machine between June 2013 and July 2017. At the time of imaging, the mean age of male patients was 47.1 years (18 to 72) and the mean age of female patients was 57.8 years (18 to 83). We employed a previously described technique to obtain six lengths and one angle, as well as calculating three further measurements, to provide information on the relationship between the fibula and tibia with respect to translation and rotation. Results The upper limit of lateral translation in un-injured patients was 5.27 mm, so values higher than this may be indicative of syndesmotic injury. Anteroposterior translation lay within the ranges 0.31 mm to 2.59 mm, and -1.48 mm to 3.44 mm, respectively. There was no difference between right and left legs. Increasing age was associated with a reduction in lateral translation. The fibulae of men were significantly more laterally translated but data were inconsistent for rotation and anteroposterior translation. Conclusion We have established normal ranges for measurements in cross-sectional syndesmotic anatomy during weight-bearing and also established that no differences exist between right and left legs in patients without syndesmotic injury. Age and gender do, however, affect the anatomy of the syndesmosis, which should be taken into account at time of assessment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:348–352.
What is the incidence of late detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip in England?
Authors: Broadhurst C. , Rhodes A. M. L. , Harper P. , Perry D. C. , Clarke N. M. P. , Aarvold A. 
Published: February 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) diagnosed after one-year of age in England, stratified by age, gender, year, and region of diagnosis. Patients and Methods A descriptive observational study was performed by linking primary and secondary care information from two independent national databases of routinely collected data: the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics. The study examined all children from 1 January 1990 to 1 January 2016 who had a new first diagnostic code for DDH aged between one and eight years old. Results The incidence of late-diagnosed DDH was 1.28 per 1000 live births. Within the study population, 754 children were identified with a diagnosis of DDH after one-year of age. Of all late diagnoses, 536 (71.1%) were detected between one to two years of age. There were 608 female patients (80.6%) and 146 male patients (19.4%), giving a female-to-male ratio of 4.2:1. Distribution was evenly spread throughout England. Conclusion The incidence of late-diagnosed DDH has not been reduced from that reported 35 years ago, prior to the introduction of the national selective screening programme for DDH. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:281–287.
Potensi mangrove Avicennia alba sebagai agen fitoremediasi timbal (Pb) dan tembaga (Cu) di Perairan Wonorejo, Surabaya
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati , Yona Defri , Kasitowati Rarasrum Dyah 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. One of the regions in Surabaya which has accumulated the largest pollution levels was the region of Wonorejo. Wonorejo is an area that is used as a mangrove conservation. But,Pb and Cu are heavy metals that have been detected in high concentration in this region. Avicennia albahas been known to have the ability to absorb heavy metals so that mangrove can be used us phytoremediation agent. The purposes of this research were to analyze the concentration of heavy metals (Pb and Cu) in sediments, roots and leaves of Avicennia alba; to understand the potential of Avicennia albaas an agent of phytoremediation. The result showed that Cu concentration was higher than Pb concentration in sediment, roots and leaves. The concentrations of Cu were4.13 ppm - 36.95 ppm and Pb between 3.28 ppm - 23.79 ppm. Based on bioconcentration factor (BCF) Avicennia alba was categorize as excluder (BCF1) of both heavy metals, but concentration oftranslocation factor (TF) of Pb was categorized phytoexstraction (TF1) and Cu was categorized phytostabilization (TF1). The result of the BCF and TF showed that Avicennia alba can absorb heavy metals (Pb and Cu) from the environment, however the mobility of the heavy metals in the mangrove will experience different phytoremediation mechanisms (phytostabilization for Cu; phytoexstractionfor Pb).Keywords: Avicennia alba, Phytoremediation, Factor Bioconcentration, Factor Translocation, Heavy Metal (Pb and Cu) Abstrak. Salah satu kawasan di Kota Surabaya yang mempunyai tingkat akumulasi pencemaran terbesar adalah wilayah Wonorejo. Wonorejo merupakan wilayah yang dimanfaatkan sebagai daerah konservasi mangrove. Namun, Pb dan Cu merupakan logam berat yang terdeteksi dalam jumlah yang tinggi pada wilayah ini.Avicennia alba mempunyai kemampuan menyerap logam berat sehingga mangrove dapat dijadikan sebagai agen fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan Pb dan Cu yang terdapat dalam sedimen, akar dan daun Avicennia alba; untuk mengetahui potensi Avicennia albasebagai agen fitoremediasi logam berat Pb dan Cu. Distribusi Pb dan Cu pada sedimen, akar dan daun menunjukkan Cu lebih tinggi dibandingkan Pb yang berkisar 4.13 ppm - 36.95 ppm untuk Cu dan 3.28 ppm - 23.79 ppm untuk Pb. Berdasarkan nilai faktor biokonsentrasi (BCF) maka Avicennia albaterkategori bersifat excluder (BCF1) untuk kedua logam berat, namun berdasarkan faktor translokasi (TF) Avicennia alba bersifat fitoekstraksi (TF1) terhadap Pb dan fitostabilisasi (TF1) terhadap Cu. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan BCF dan TF maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Avicennia albamampu untuk menyerap logam berat (Pb dan Cu) yang berada pada dilingkungannya namun mobiltas kedua logam berat pada mangrove akan mengalami mekanisme fitoremediasi yang berbeda (fitostabilisasi untuk Cu ; fitoekstraksi untuk Pb).Kata Kunci:Avicennia alba, Fitoremediasi, Faktor Biokonsentrasi, Faktor Translokasi, Logam Berat (Pb danCu)
Efektivitas probiotik BIOM-S terhadap kualitas air media pemeliharaan ikan nila nirwana Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Kamil Taufik Ikhsan , Iskandar Iskandar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract.This research was conducted on May–June 2017 in Hatchery Indoor Maksudi, Astanaanyar, Bandung. This research aims were to find out the optimal BIOM-S probiotic on culture media of Nile tilapia andto evaluate the influence to survival rate and growth of Nile tilapia. This research was conducted by experiment using consisted of five treatments and three repetitions, which were treatment A (control), B (giving probiotic with 0.6 ml/l concentration), C (giving probiotic with 0.8 ml/l concentration), D (giving probiotic with 1.0 ml/l concentration), and E (giving probiotic with 1.2 ml/l concentration). The parameter of this research was the water quality of media culture, includes temperature, dissolved oxygen, acidity (pH), ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite. To find out the optimal concentration of probiotic quality of water parameter was analyzed descriptively. The concentration of optimal probiotic based on the results was 0.8 ml/l, it was able to keep the level of ammonia below 0.021 mg/l.Keywords: Amoniac; Nile tilapia; Probiotic; water qualityAbstrak. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Mei–Juni 2017 di Hatchery Indoor Maksudi, Astanaanyar, Kota Bandung. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimal probiotik BIOM-S yang diaplikasikan pada media pemeliharaan ikan nila, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan nila nirwana. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental, terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perlakuan A (kontrol), B (pemberian probiotik dengan konsentrasi 0,6 ml/l), C (pemberian probiotik dengan konsentrasi 0,8 ml/l), D (pemberian probiotik dengan konsentrasi 1,0 ml/l), dan perlakuan E (pemberian probiotik dengan konsentrasi 1,2 ml/l). Parameter yang diamati adalah kualitas air media budidaya, meliputi suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, amonia, nitrat dan nitrit, yang kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Konsentrasi probiotik yang optimal berdasarkan hasil penelitian yaitu 0,8 ml/l, mampu menjaga kadar amonia dibawah 0,021 mg/l.Kata kunci:Amonia; Kualitas air, Nila nirwana; Probiotik
Secundum Atrial Septal Defect Before and After Surgery
Authors: Madiyono Bambang , Oesman Ismet N. , Sastroasmoro Sudigdo , Putra Sukman Tulus , Soelaeman Eva Jeumpa , Rachmad Kukuh Basuki 
Published: February 2019

Twenty patients with secundum atrial septal defect, who had undergone open heart surgery were studied retrospectively. Girls were more affected than boys; the sex ratio was 1.5 : I. Associated cardiac defects were diagnosed in two patients, one with moderate valvular pulmonic stenosis and the other one with small ventricular septal defect. Typical clinical findings consisted of loud first heart sound, widely fixed split second heart sound and soft ejection systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border were heard in all cases. Mid diastolic murmur due to relative tricuspid stenosis was detected in most cases (75%).
Electrocardiographic findings included right axis deviation, prolonged PR-interval and right atrial enlargement were found in 50%, 15% and 60% of cases, respectively. Incomplete right bundle branch block and right ventricular enlargement were found in all cases, as was cardiomegaly with increased vascular markings were found in all cases. Paradoxical ventricular septal motion and visualization of the atrial septal defect were seen in 95% and 75% of cases, respectively. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 19 patients (95%). The pulmonary-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) ranged from 1.7 to 6.3 (mean 2.9 ± 0.67), and was correlated to the presence of mid diastolic tricuspid flow murmur and paradoxical ventricular septal motion.
Simple closure of the defect was the procedure of choice, but in one patient (5%) pericardial patch was used to close the very large defect. The mortality rate was 10 percent.
Physical retardation was found in all boys and 50% of girls, before surgery. Body weight percentile increased in most cases (61.1 %), while body height percentile increased in only 5.6% of cases, postoperatively. Ejection systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border was still detected in one patient (5.6%). lncomplele right bundle branch block persisted in all cases, while cardiomegaly was still found in 5. 6% of cases followed up six months to five years after surgery. There was no residual left ventricular dysfunction in all cases.
The Afterlife of Gender: Sovereignty, Intimacy and Muslim Funerals of Transgender People in Turkey
Authors: Zengin Aslı 
Published: February 2019

Family and sexual/gender difference play significant roles in the organization of Sunni Muslim rituals of death, practices of mourning, and discourses of grief in Turkey. In these ritual practices, family members hold obligations and rights to the deceased, including washing, shrouding, burying, and praying for the body. These funeral practices represent the dead body in strictly gendered ways. However, when the deceased is a transgender person, his/her/their body can open a social field for negotiation and contestation of sexual and gender difference among religious, medico-legal, familial, and LGBTQ actors. Addressing the multiplicity of such struggles and claims over the deceased body of transgender persons, this article presents a mortuary ethnography that is formed through entanglements between Islamic notions of embodiment, familial order, gender and sexuality regimes, and legal regulations around death in Turkey. Rather than taking sex, gender, and sexual difference as given categories, I address them as a social field of constant and emergent contestation, which in turn marks the gendered and sexual limits of belonging in regimes of belief, family, kinship, and citizenship, and in practices of mourning and grief. I argue that death at the thresholds of sexual and gender regimes presents a space to discover novel connections between sovereignty and intimacy and to examine their coconstitution through the registers of violence endured by the gendered/sexed body.
Özet
Aile ve (toplumsal) cinsiyet farklılığı Türkiye’deki Sünni Müslüman cenaze gelenek ve adetlerinde, yas tutma pratiklerinde ve acı söylemlerinde önemli rol oynar. Cenazeyi yıkamak, kefenlemek, toprağa vermek ve cenaze için dua etmek gibi pratikler ailenin ölen mensubuna karşı sahip olduğu sorumluluk ve haklardan bazılarıdır. Bu pratikler ölen kişiyi katı bir cinsiyet ikiliği içerisinde temsil eder. Fakat ölen kişi bir trans birey ise, ölü bedenin cinsiyeti din, tıp, hukuk, aile ve LGBTQ çevreleri arasında çatışma ve müzakere alanına dönüşebilmektedir. Bu makale ölü trans bedenlerin açtığı bu çoklu hak ve mücadele alanına değinerek, Türkiye’deki İslami beden tasavvuru, aile düzeni, cinsellik ve toplumsal cinsiyet nizamı ve ölümle ilgili hukuki düzenlenmeler sarmalında oluşan bir ölüm etnografisi sunmaktadır. Toplumsal cinsiyet ve cinsellik kategorilerini sorgusuz sualsiz kabul etmek yerine, onların sürekli müzakereye tabi olan ve yeni müzakerelere yol açan toplumsal bir alan olduğunu ve böylece kişilerin din, aile, akrabalık ve vatandaşlık ilişkileri, yas ve acı pratikleri içerisindeki aidiyetliklerinin sınırlarını devamlı çizdiklerini tartışıyorum. Cinsellik ve (toplumsal) cinsiyet düzeninin çeperlerinde gerçekleşen ölümün egemenlik ve mahremiyet/yakınlık arasında kurulan ilişkiyi bizlere yeni şekillerde görme imkanı açtığını ve şiddetin cinsiyetlendirilmiş beden üzerindeki kaydına bakarak ikisinin birbirini karşılıklı olarak nasıl kurduğunu anlayacağımızı iddia ediyorum.
Nilai Didaktis dalam Naskah Nazam Munawwirul Himmah
Authors: Rukiyah Rukiyah 
Published: February 2019

Naskah Nazam Munawwirul Hikmah (NMH) merupakan produk masa lampau yang isinya masih relevan dengan kehidupan masa kini. NMH menceritakan tentang kehidupan setelah kematian yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Untuk mendapatkan makna secara keseluruhan digunakan teori semiotik yang meliputi pembacaan heuristik dan retroaktif atau hermeneutik sehingga didapatkan nilai didaktis:mengingat kematian, tawakal kepada Allah, berpedoman pada Alquran, berbuat adil, bersyukur, dan bertaubat sebelum ajal tiba.