bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Leptin on Marrow Adiposity in Ovariectomized Rabbits Assessed by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Shaojun , Jiang Hongning , Wang Bo , Gu Mingjun , Zhang Ning , Liang Wenwen , Wang Yu 
Published: February 2018

Objective
Leptin acts to influence bone metabolism through indirect hypothalamic relay and direct peripheral pathways. Leptin enhances the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to the osteoblast rather than the adipocyte lineage, but the in vivo impacts of leptin on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced marrow adiposity are poorly understood. In this work, we aimed to address this question.

Methods
Forty-five female New Zealand rabbits were divided into sham + vehicle, OVX + vehicle, and OVX + leptin for 5 months. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were performed to longitudinally evaluate marrow fat fraction and bone density at 0, 2.5, and 5 months, respectively. At the end of experiment, quantitative parameters of marrow adipocytes were assessed by histopathology.

Results
Estrogen-deficient rabbits markedly exhibited expansion of marrow fat in a time-dependent manner, with a variation of marrow fat fraction (+19.7%) at 2.5 months relative to baseline conditions, and it was maintained until 5 months (+49.2%; all P < 0.001), which was accompanied by diminished bone density. Adipocyte diameter, density, and adipocytes area percentage in the OVX controls was increased by 50.7%, 76.3%, and 135.5%, respectively, relative to the sham controls (all P < 0.001). These OVX-induced marrow adiposity and bone loss were partly restored by leptin treatment. Treatment with leptin prevented OVX-induced increases in bone turnover in rabbits.

Conclusions
Early leptin administration inhibits the adipogenic effect of estrogen deficiency in terms of reverting marrow fat expansion seen in OVX rabbits. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may be a useful tool for longitudinal and interventional assessments in osteoporosis.
Maxillary Hypoplasia With Congenital Oligodontia Treated by Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis
Authors: Mishima Sayaka , Yamaguchi Takako , Watanabe Takuma , Komatani Toru , Nakao Kazumasa , Takahashi Katsu , Bessho Kazuhisa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
It is known that congenitally missing teeth can often cause differences in craniofacial morphology; however, there are few reported cases of orthognathic surgical treatment for these patients. Herein, the authors report a rare case of maxillary hypoplasia with congenital oligodontia treated by maxillary distraction osteogenesis with internal device. A 17-year-old male presenting with multiple tooth agenesis and maxillary recession was referred to our hospital for orthognathic surgical treatment. Preoperative simulation surgery was performed using Full-Color 3-dimensional salt model. After surgery, improvement in maxillary recession and occlusal stability was observed. This report demonstrates the advantages of the method used herein, which includes reduction in operating time with increase in the safety of the procedure.
Is There an Association Between Bothersome Urinary Symptoms and Postpartum Depression?
Authors: Doering Andrew D. , Hundley Andrew F. , Hudson Catherine O. , Benedict Jason A. , Lynch Courtney D. , Schaffir Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2018

Objective
Bothersome urinary symptoms are often present postpartum. The objective of this study was to examine the association between bothersome urinary symptoms and screening positive for postpartum depression.

Methods
Women presenting at the routine 6-week postpartum visit were screened for risk of depression with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. A questionnaire comprising delivery characteristics and demographics, 20-item Postpartum Symptom Inventory (PSI), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) short form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) short form, and history of depression and antidepressant use was completed. Scores were then compared.

Results
Data from 104 women were analyzed, with 89% reporting excellent or good health; 73% delivered vaginally; 22% reported a history of depression, and 7% were taking an antidepressant. Twelve percent were classified as at risk of depression. Median UDI score was 5.6 (range, 0–44.4). Median IIQ score was 0 (range, 0–85.7). There was no statistically significant association between bothersome urinary symptoms and the odds of screening positive for depression using either the UDI (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–12.5) or the IIQ (adjusted OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.1–2.9). The UDI score was associated with elevated PSI scores as PSI scores increased by 5.4 points if a woman had a UDI score that was greater than zero versus a UDI score of zero, controlling for education level, age, and whether the patient had a cesarean delivery (95% CI, 2.2–8.6; P = 0.001). The UDI score was not associated with antidepressant use (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 0.5–13.2). The IIQ score had no associations with PSI score (adjusted difference in means, 2.9; 95% CI, −0.9 to 6.8; P = 0.13) or antidepressant use (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.4–9.3).

Conclusions
No statistically significant association between bothersome urinary symptoms and the odds of screening positive for increased risk of postpartum depression was found. Future work in this area is needed.
Validation of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma emergency general surgery grade for skin and soft tissue infection
Authors: Ray-Zack Mohamed D. , Hernandez Matthew C. , Younis Moustafa , Hoch Wyatt B. , Soukup Dylan S. , Haddad Nadeem N. , Zielinski Martin D. 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) present with variable severity. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) developed an emergency general surgery (EGS) grading system for several diseases. We aimed to determine whether the AAST EGS grade corresponds with key clinical outcomes.

METHODS
Single-institution retrospective review of patients (≥18 years) admitted with SSTI during 2012 to 2016 was performed. Patients with surgical site infections or younger than 18 years were excluded. Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis score and AAST EGS grade were assigned. The primary outcome was association of AAST EGS grade with complication development, duration of stay, and interventions. Secondary predictors of severity included tissue cultures, cross-sectional imaging, and duration of inpatient antibiotic therapy. Summary and univariate analyses were performed.

RESULTS
A total of 223 patients were included (mean ± SD age of 55.1 ± 17.0 years, 55% male). The majority of patients received cross sectional imaging (169, 76%) or an operative procedure (155, 70%). Skin and soft tissue infection tissue culture results included no growth (51, 24.5%), monomicrobial (83, 39.9%), and polymicrobial (74, 35.6%). Increased AAST EGS grade was associated with operative interventions, intensive care unit utilization, complication severity (Clavien-Dindo index), duration of hospital stay, inpatient antibiotic therapy, mortality, and hospital readmission.

CONCLUSION
The AAST EGS grade for SSTI demonstrates the ability to correspond with several important outcomes. Prospective multi-institutional study is required to determine its broad generalizability in several populations.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic, level IV.
Learning common and specific patterns from data of multiple interrelated biological scenarios with matrix factorization
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Zhang Shihua 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHigh-throughput biological technologies (e.g., ChIP-seq, RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq) rapidly accelerate the accumulation of genome-wide omics data in diverse interrelated biological scenarios (e.g., cells, tissues and conditions). Data dimension reduction and differential analysis are two common paradigms for exploring and analyzing such data. However, they are typically used in a separate or/and sequential manner. In this study, we propose a flexible non-negative matrix factorization framework CSMF to combine them into one paradigm to simultaneously reveal common and specific patterns from data generated under interrelated biological scenarios. We demonstrate the effectiveness of CSMF with four applications including pairwise ChIP-seq data describing the chromatin modification map on protein-DNA interactions between K562 and Huvec cell lines; pairwise RNA-seq data representing the expression profiles of two cancers (breast invasive carcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma); RNA-seq data of three breast cancer subtypes; and single-cell sequencing data of human embryonic stem cells and differentiated cells at six time points. Extensive analysis yields novel insights into hidden combinatorial patterns embedded in these interrelated multi-modal data. Results demonstrate that CSMF is a powerful tool to uncover common and specific patterns with significant biological implications from data of interrelated biological scenarios.
Predicting the occurrence of variants in RAG1 and RAG2
Authors: Lawless Dylan , Allen Hana Lango , Thaventhiran James ,   NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases Consortium, Hodel Flavia , Anwar Rashida , Fellay Jacques , Walter Jolan E. , Savic Sinisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile widespread genome sequencing ushers in a new era of preventive medicine, the tools for predictive genomics are still lacking. Time and resource limitations mean that human diseases remain uncharacterised because of an inability to predict clinically relevant genetic variants. A strategy of targeting highly conserved protein regions is used commonly in functional studies. However, this benefit is lost for rare diseases where the attributable genes are mostly conserved. An immunological disorder exemplifying this challenge occurs through damaging mutations in RAG1 and RAG2 which presents at an early age with a distinct phenotype of life-threatening immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. Many tools exist for variant pathogenicity prediction but these cannot account for the probability of variant occurrence. Here, we present a method that predicts the likelihood of mutation for every amino acid residue in the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins. Population genetics data from approximately 146,000 individuals was used for rare variant analysis. Forty-four known pathogenic variants reported in patients and recombination activity measurements from 110 RAG1/2 mutants were used to validate calculated scores. Probabilities were compared with 98 currently known human cases of disease. A genome sequence dataset of 558 patients who have primary immunodeficiency but that are negative for RAG deficiency were also used as validation controls. We compared the difference between mutation likelihood and pathogenicity prediction. Our method builds a map of most probable mutations allowing pre-emptive functional analysis. This method may be applied to other diseases with hopes of improving preparedness for clinical diagnosis.
Live Zika virus chimeric vaccine candidate based on a yellow fever 17-D attenuated backbone
Authors: Touret Franck , Gilles Magali , Klitting Raphaelle , Aubry Fabien , de-Lamballerie Xavier , Nougairède Antoine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) recently dispersed throughout the tropics and sub-tropics causing epidemics associated with congenital disease and neurological complications. There is currently no commercial vaccine for ZIKV. Here we describe the initial development of a chimeric virus containing the prM/E proteins of a ZIKV epidemic strain incorporated into a yellow fever 17-D attenuated backbone. Using the versatile and rapid ISA (Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons) reverse genetics method, we compared different constructs and confirmed the need to modify the cleavage site between the pre-peptide and prM protein. Genotypic characterization of the chimeras indicates that emergence of compensatory mutations in the E protein is required to restore virus replicative fitness. Using an immunocompromised mouse model, we demonstrate that mice infected with the chimeric virus produced levels of neutralizing antibodies close to those observed following infection with ZIKV and that pre-immunized mice were protected against viscerotropic and neuroinvasive virus following challenge with a heterologous strain of ZIKV. These data provide a sound basis for the future development of this ZIKV vaccine candidate.
The first set of universal nuclear protein-coding loci markers for avian phylogenetic and population genetic studies
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Simin , Yeh Chia-Fen , Zhang Nan , Chen Guoling , Que Pinjia , Dong Lu , Li Shou-hsien 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMultiple nuclear markers provide genetic polymorphism data for molecular systematics and population genetic studies. They are especially required for the coalescent-based analyses that can be used to accurately estimate species trees and infer population demographic histories. However, in avian evolutionary studies, these powerful coalescent-based methods are hindered by the lack of a sufficient number of markers. In this study, we designed PCR primers to amplify 136 nuclear protein-coding loci (NPCLs) by scanning the published Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) and Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) genomes. To test their utility, we amplified these loci in 41 bird species representing 23 Aves orders. The sixty-three best-performing NPCLs, based on high PCR success rates, were selected which had various mutation rates and were evenly distributed across 17 avian autosomal chromosomes and the Z chromosome. To test phylogenetic resolving power of these markers, we conducted a Neoavian phylogenies analysis using 63 concatenated NPCL markers derived from 48 whole genomes of birds. The resulting phylogenetic topology, to a large extent, is congruence with results resolved by previous whole genome data. To test the level of intraspecific polymorphism in these makers, we examined the genetic diversity in four populations of the Kentish Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) at 17 of NPCL markers chosen at random. Our results showed that these NPCL markers exhibited a level of polymorphism comparable with mitochondrial loci. Therefore, this set of pan-avian nuclear protein-coding loci has great potential to facilitate studies in avian phylogenetics and population genetics.
Temporal Multivariate Pattern Analysis (tMVPA): a single trial approach exploring the temporal dynamics of the BOLD signal
Authors: Vizioli Luca , Bratch Alexander , Lao Junpeng , Ugurbil Kamil , Muckli Lars , Yacoub Essa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundfMRI provides spatial resolution that is unmatched by any non-invasive neuroimaging technique. Its temporal dynamics however are typically neglected due to the sluggishness of the hemodynamic based fMRI signal.New MethodsWe present temporal multivariate pattern analysis (tMVPA), a method for investigating the temporal evolution of neural representations in fMRI data, computed using pairs of single-trial BOLD time-courses, leveraging both spatial and temporal components of the fMRI signal. We implemented an expanding sliding window approach that allows identifying the time-window of an effect.ResultsWe demonstrate that tMVPA can successfully detect condition-specific multivariate modulations over time, in the absence of univariate differences. Using Monte Carlo simulations and synthetic data, we quantified family-wise error rate (FWER) and statistical power. Both at the group and at the single subject level, FWER was either at or significantly below 5%. For the group level, we reached the desired power with 18 subjects and 12 trials; for the single subject scenario, 14 trials were required to achieve comparable power.Comparison with existing methodstMVPA adds a temporal multivariate dimension to the tools available for fMRI analysis, enabling investigations of the evolution of neural representations over time. Moreover, tMVPA permits performing single subject inferential statistics by considering single-trial distribution.ConclusionThe growing interest in fMRI temporal dynamics, motivated by recent evidence suggesting that the BOLD signal carries temporal information at a finer scale than previously thought, advocates the need for analytical tools, such as the tMVPA approach proposed here, tailored to investigating BOLD temporal information.
New 1-(2-pyridinyl)-2-(o-, m-, p-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazoles as corrosion inhibitors for API 5L X52 steel in acid media
Authors: Rodriguez-Clemente Edelmira , Barrera-Pascual Victoria , Cervantes-Cuevas Humberto , Aldana-González Jorge , Uruchurtu-Chavarin Jorge , Romero-Romo Mario , Palomar-Pardavé Manuel 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate the corrosion inhibition capacities of synthesized compounds 1-(2-pyridinyl)-2-(o,m-,p-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazoles in API 5L X52 steel/HCl 1M corrosion system.Design/methodology/approachElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used.FindingsThe studies determined that under stagnant conditions, the durability and efficiency were maintained over 80 per cent for up to 500 h of immersion, while the residence time started to decrease after 150 h at the best inhibitor concentration (150 ppm).Practical implicationsThis work may help to attenuate corrosion problems in the petroleum industry.Originality/valueIt is the first time that 1-(2-pyridiniy)-2-(o-,m-,p-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazoles were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors.
Older workers and i-deals: building win-win working arrangements
Authors: Rice Bridget 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the importance of i-deals, or idiosyncratic deals, especially for older workers in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper briefly reviews recent literature relating to the important benefits older workers bring to organizations and the elements of their work that older workers value.FindingsKeeping older workers in the organization can have important benefits. Enhanced flexibility and autonomy is especially valued by older workers.Research limitations/implicationsAs a brief review, this paper summarizes other literature.Practical implicationsI-deals, or flexible work deals, must respond to the specific needs and desires of older workers. Older workers have increasingly diverse wants and needs, and it is important that they be heard in this regard.Social implicationsAs society ages, managing these challenges will become both more important and challenging.Originality/valueThis paper will be widely read and may drive practical change in organizations.
A centralized platform of open government data as support to applications in the smart cities context
Authors: Vieira Daniel Ianegitz , Alvaro Alexandre 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe development of smart cities (SCs) is a costly process as it requires the implementation of physical infrastructure to meet the demand for data collection. On the other hand, there are open government data (OGD) that are open and free, and can be a first step from the current city evolution to SCs at a more affordable cost. However, these data are available in a decentralized way, in different formats and granularities. To date, the authors have not found any literature work that performs the centralization of OGDs on a single platform. The purpose of this paper is provide a centralized OGD platform.Design/methodology/approachThis work investigates the state-of-the-art literature from the OGD, establishes the research question, design and develop the platform for OGD and accomplish the validation of the platform.FindingsThrough the validations of the platform, advantages were observed in relation to productivity gain for the development of solutions, in the SC context, using the proposed platform.Research limitations/implicationsThe data have been collected in a manual way but for future works, the authors will use the web-crawler for the collection of data.Practical implicationsOne town hall (Sorocaba) is interested in using the platform to analyze the data usage in the simple way and compare with the other nearby towns.Originality/valueIt is a recent work in literature using OGD, and there is no work that centralizes the information about several town halls to provide comparison between them and improve the decision-making.
Student assessment in higher education: embargo or empowerment?
Authors: McPhee Iain , D’Esposito Maria Eugenia Witzler 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis study recruited students who struggled to meet institutional deadlines for summative assessments. Increasing the number of diverse and non-traditional students in higher education (HE) institutions presents challenges in learning and teaching in online, conventional and hybrid contexts, impacting on student academic success. The purpose of this paper is to expand our understanding of student perceptions of the factors involved in academic achievement.Design/methodology/approachUsing qualitative methods and in-depth semi-structured interviews, 14 participants were interviewed. Using Freire’s concept of empowerment, and Bordieu’s concept of habitus, the authors explore student perceptions of assessment.FindingsResults presented thematically indicate that student perceptions of the purpose of the assessment and academic qualification are at odds with institutional habitus. Several embargoes impacting on academic achievement were revealed.Research limitations/implicationsShifting organisational patterns and modes of production within HE institutions have influenced the student experience of academic writing and assessment. Findings highlight the factors that impact on academic success in HE institutions for non-traditional students in particular. Social class and educational background (habitus) are not factors taken into account when students are assessed. This impacts on capacity to achieve academic success.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for curriculum designers, and self-reflective practitioners on issues related to academic success for non-traditional students.Social implicationsThe study uses two case studies from two countries, Scotland and Brazil, both countries have invested heavily to address the twenty-first century learning agenda. Issues of widening access have increased student diversity, however, embargoes on academic achievement remain powerful factors that require further discussion and study.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study how issues of widening access can be mitigated, in particular for non-traditional students.