bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of culturable airborne bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of indoor and immediate-outdoor environments of a research institute
Authors: Abiola Isawumi , Abass Adiza , Duodu Samuel , Mosi Lydia 
Published: May 2018

Background:The study was conducted to determine the bacterial composition and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of a research institute at the University of Ghana where workers and students spend about 70-85% of their lives in indoor and immediate-outdoor environments. This is imperative as one-third of the recognized infectious diseases are transmitted through airborne-route. Furthermore, the increasing rate of bacterial antimicrobial resistance associated with such environments poses serious public health challenges.Methods:A total of 42 airborne samples were collected from eight major sites at the Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCMB), using passive bacterial sampling techniques. Standard phenotypic microbiological procedures were used to characterize the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using standard disk diffusion method and guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results:Four groups of bacterial isolates were identified from the total samples collected with Gram positive bacilli as the most common. All the isolates showed resistance to beta lactam and sulfonamide classes of antibiotics with full resistance (100%) to ampicillin and penicillin. In total, seven different anti-biotypes were observed with the highest susceptibility displayed towards tetracycline and gentamycin. Significantly, the various air sampling sites of the institute indicated the presence of bacteria with the majority showing multiple antibiotics resistance.Conclusions:Although the recovery of bacteria from supposed sterile environments calls for attention, the observed low contamination rate as compared to the WHO standard suggests a minimum risk of exposure of students and workers to airborne microbial contamination.
Pulmonary epithelial barrier and immunological functions at birth and in early life - key determinants of the development of asthma? A description of the protocol for the Breathing Together study
Authors: Turner Steve , Custovic Adnan , Ghazal Peter , Grigg Jonathan , Gore Mindy , Henderson John , Lloyd Clare M. , Marsland Ben , Power Ultan F. , Roberts Graham , Saglani Sejal , Schwarze Jurgen , Shields Michael , Bush Andrew 
Published: May 2018

Background. Childhood asthma is a common complex condition whose aetiology is thought to involve gene-environment interactions in early life occurring at the airway epithelium, associated with immune dysmaturation. It is not clear if abnormal airway epithelium cell (AEC) and cellular immune system functions associated with asthma are primary or secondary. To explore this, we will (i) recruit a birth cohort and observe the evolution of respiratory symptoms; (ii) recruit children with and without asthma symptoms; and (iii) use existing data from children in established STELAR birth cohorts. Novel pathways identified in the birth cohort will be sought in the children with established disease. Our over-arching hypothesis is that epithelium function is abnormal at birth in babies who subsequently develop asthma and progression is driven by abnormal interactions between the epithelium, genetic factors, the developing immune system, and the microbiome in the first years of life. Methods. One thousand babies will be recruited and nasal AEC collected at 5-10 days after birth for culture. Transcriptomes in AEC and blood leukocytes and the upper airway microbiome will be determined in babies and again at one and three years of age. In a subset of 100 individuals, AEC transcriptomes and microbiomes will also be assessed at three and six months. Individuals will be assigned a wheeze category at age three years. In a cross sectional study, 300 asthmatic and healthy children aged 1 to 16 years will have nasal and bronchial AEC collected for culture and transcriptome analysis, leukocyte transcriptome analysis, and upper and lower airway microbiomes ascertained. Genetic variants associated with asthma symptoms will be confirmed in the STELAR cohorts. Conclusions. This study is the first to comprehensively study the temporal relationship between aberrant AEC and immune cell function and asthma symptoms in the context of early gene-microbiome interactions.
A situação paradoxal do Papa Francisco
Authors: Domingues Frei Bento 
Published: May 2018

A Igreja é uma realidade histórica, semper reformanda, ao serviço da incarnação do Espírito de Cristo na história humana. A história da Igreja Católica teve dificuldades em discernir o seu caminho no mundo moderno. Quando parecia que o tinha encontrado, no Concílio Vaticano II, deixou questões pastorais decisivas para depois do Concílio e perdeu o rumo acerca das reformas mais urgentes. Conseguiu resultados mediáticos espantosos, mas também sofreu perdas irreparáveis. O deserto teológico foi também o abandono de quem podia contribuir para uma reforma criadora. Os grandes meios de comunicação acabaram por fazer da Igreja a imagem dos escândalos financeiros e a cobertura da pedofilia eclesiástica. O Papa Francisco surgiu com um estilo, uma mensagem, um projeto e uma nova convocatória. Paradoxo: enquanto havia católicas e católicos para as reformas urgentes, estas foram impedidas; agora, que são propostas pelo próprio Papa Francisco, o terreno está ocupado e minado pelos seus adversários. Mas ele não desiste e reúne cada vez mais filhos da Esperança criadora!
Individuell verfestigte Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit
Authors: Bauer Frank , Sieglen Georg 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag vermittelt einen differenzierten Überblick über verfestigte Langzeitarbeitslosigkeit, über verschiedene Strukturmerkmale der Betroffenen sowie deren regionale Verteilung. Fokussiert werden dabei Arbeitslose in Nordrhein-Westfalen, deren Erwerbsbiografien in den vergangenen Jahren von sehr langer Arbeitslosigkeit und sehr kurzen Beschäftigungsepisoden geprägt waren. Neben Entwicklungen im Bestand werden dabei auch Übergänge in Beschäftigung von Arbeitslosen mit unterschiedlichen Dauern kumulierter Arbeitslosigkeit sowie die Dauer dieser Beschäftigungsverhältnisse betrachtet.
The Effect of Interlocking Director Network on Corporate Risk Taking: Lessons from China
Authors: Su Kun , Liu Heng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Using a dataset of Chinese listed companies, this article quantizes the centrality of interlocking director network based on the social network analysis and examines the effect of interlocking director network on corporate risk taking. The empirical results find that when interlocking director networks have a high centrality, network members are more likely to imitate risk-taking behaviors. Marketization and investment opportunities have positive moderating effects, indicating boundary conditions in social network theory.
Factors associated with time between using a drug and injection initiation among people who inject drugs in Kermanshah, Iran
Authors: Noroozi Mehdi , Farhadi Mohammad Hassan , Armoon Bahram , Farhoudian Ali , Shushtari Zahra Jorjoran , Sharhani Asaad , Karimi Salah Eddin , Sayadnasiri Mohammad , Rezaei Omid , Ghiasvand Hesam 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
The transition from non-injection to injection drug use dramatically increases the risk of transmitting HIV and other blood borne infections including hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the transition from first illicit drug use to first injection among drug users.

Methods
Using snowball sampling and convenience sampling through needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), we recruited 500 people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kermanshah, between September and December 2014. Trained interviewers collected data on socio-demographic characteristics, HIV testing and drug-related risk behaviors over the last month prior to interview using a structured questionnaire. Our main outcome variable was first illicit drug use to first injection (TIJ). TIJ was calculated by subtracting age at first drug injection from age of first illicit drug use.

Results
Overall, the average age at first drug use and injection were 21.4 [standard deviation (SD 5.6)] and 22.8 (SD 8.9), respectively. The average duration of injection was 6.0 (SD 4.6) years. Overall, the mean of TIJ for participants was 1.4 (IQR = 2, 4) years. Age of first injecting drug use negatively correlated with TIJ (R
2 = 0.219, p = 0.001). Education level and socioeconomic status (SES), and negatively correlated with TIJ.

Conclusion
Some demographic factors and drug use characteristics including educational level, SES, knowledge of HIV status, age of initiating drug use, being a poly drug user and using methamphetamine were predictors of the time to transition.
MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY PARAMETERS IN A ROMANIAN PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Orboiu S. , Trocan C. , Andrei H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A desideratum of the society, not only in Romania, is the efficiency of the electricity consumption and its passage on green energy in a bigger proportion. This can be achieved by research on various topics chosen from different areas of the economy. One of the most widespread public institutions is education, which is why the results obtained from the research of such a subject can bring major benefits to the entire society. In general, the structure of pre-university education institutions is similar, with classrooms, laboratories equipped with the same types of electric consumers, and very close heating systems. This article proposes a method of monitoring the electrical energy and consumption parameters of a pre-university education institution in Romania. The results obtained are compared to the energy quality standards and will be the basis for a PV system that will be designed to ensure the entire energy consumption of the institution.
Chronischer Schmerz als Sinnkrise
Authors: Bozzaro Claudia , Frede Ursula 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungSchmerzen sind ein negatives Widerfahrnis, das mit allen zur Verfügung stehenden Mitteln abgeschafft werden sollte. In westlichen Gesellschaften scheint diese Annahme einen hohen Grad an Plausibilität zu haben. Entsprechend hoch sind die Erwartungen, die an die Medizin herangetragen werden, ihre Möglichkeiten auszuschöpfen, um eine dauerhafte und umfassende Befreiung von Schmerzen zu gewährleisten. Der chronische Schmerz lässt diese Erwartungen ins Leere laufen. Er konfrontiert nicht nur mit einer Vielzahl körperlicher Beschwerden, sondern auch mit der Begrenztheit menschlicher Einflussmöglichkeiten. Erfahrungen dieser Art lösen bei vielen Betroffenen eine Sinnkrise aus: Sie suchen nach einer Erklärung für ihren Schmerz, nach einem Sinn für ihr Leiden. Im vorliegenden Artikel soll die Bedeutung dieser Dimension in Hinblick auf schmerztherapeutische Formen der Begleitung besprochen werden. Wir werden aufzeigen, dass folgender Perspektivwechsel entscheidend ist: Die Rückwärts-Suche nach dem Warum sollte an Bedeutung verlieren zugunsten einer Vorwärts-Suche nach dem Wozu, d. h. nach dem, was dem Leben des Betroffenen auch dann Sinn und Bedeutung verleihen könnte, wenn frühere Möglichkeiten der Sinnerfüllung und Selbstverwirklichung verloren sind. Aufgabe und Herausforderung für die Medizin werden darin gesehen, den Betroffenen bei seiner Suche nach dem Wozu seines Lebens zu unterstützen, sich dabei weniger an Leitlinien zu orientieren, als vielmehr am Erkrankten.
Othering practices toward new firm owners: empirical insights from South-North firm acquisitions in Germany
Authors: Franz Martin , Fuchs Martina , Henn Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy dealing with the process of othering in the context of acquisitions, this paper seeks to expand the concept of othering to Economic Geography. It argues that multinational companies should not only be viewed as victims of othering in that they suffer from obstructive policies and hostile public opinion, but rather that othering also matters within such firms. As a consequence of the links they establish between different countries, employees in such companies are constantly confronted with various socio-cultural backgrounds and frequently develop rather different expectations of how their counterparts should perform. This contribution analyses how and why managers and works councils in Germany practice distancing or othering towards owners of German firms located in China and India. It shows that othering can be critical within foreign direct investments. We approach the issue of othering by focusing on the sense of superiority of the involved parties, their positions in the company organisation and their related professional ethics, as well as the dynamics of othering that are mobilised in critical situations. The analysis is based on qualitative interviews from two different research projects.
NARRATIVAS PICTÓRICAS: VELAR/DESVELAR
Authors: Alves Nunes dos Santos Lauer 
Published: May 2018

Construção de narrativas pictóricas: velar / desvelar, foi um projeto de pesquisa esenvolvido entre agosto de 2013 e agosto de 2014 que consistiu na representação pictórica de alguns objetos oriundos do ambiente doméstico, especialmente do banheiro: antigos cabides e saboneteiras. A ideia inicial era explorar o brilho oferecido pela superfície desses objetos para retomar algumas noções e conceitos básicos na prática da pintura. Esse exercício levou-me a realizar a mesma pintura repetidas vezes. Inicialmente, essas pinturas dão a impressão de serem iguais, no entanto, uma observação mais atenta revela as diferenças sutis que existem entre cada pintura, o que requer um olhar mais lento e contemplativo, em oposição à imediaticidade da maioria das imagens no nosso entorno cotidiano. PICTORIAL NARRATIVES: VEILING/UNVEILINGAbstract: Constructing pictorial narratives: veiling / unveiling was a research project developed between July 2013 and June 2014. It started as a pictorial representation of some domestic objects, especially objects from the bathroom: vintage hooks and soap dishes. The idea was to use the shining plain surfaces found in these objects to return to some basic painting notions and concepts. This exercise guided me into painting the same painting repeatedly. At first, the paintings seemed all the same, however the subtle differences among them unveiled the direction to the next one, which required a different quality in the act of looking at the painting, being it slow and contemplative, instead of the immediacy of the act of looking required by the images that surround us daily.
Dönme ve resiprokal hareket yapan eğe sistemlerinin kök kanal tedavisi sonrası dentin çatlağı oluşumuna etkisi
Authors: ARI AYDINBELGE Hale , ÖZÇELİK YILMAZ Mine 
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı resiprokal ve dönme hareketi yapan eğe sistemlerinin
preparasyon sonrası dentin çatlağı oluşumuna etkilerinin kıyaslanmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 75
adet mandibular santral kesici diş seçilmiş ve distile su içerisinde çalışmada
kullanılıncaya kadar muhafaza edilmiştir. 15 adet diş preparasyon yapılmaksızın
negatif kontrol grubu olarak ayrılmış, geri kalan 60 diş dönme ve resiprokal
hareketi yapan sistemler kullanılarak prepare edilmiştir. Sonrasında bütün
dişlerden, apekslerinden itibaren 3, 6, 9 mm mesafelerden su soğutması altında
düşük hızlı testere ile yatay olarak kesitler alınmıştır. Bütün kesitler
stereomikroskop yardımı ile incelenmiş ve görüntüler kaydedilmiştir. Üzerinde
çatlak bulunan dişler not edilmiş ve ki-kare testi kullanılarak analiz
edilmiştir. Bulgular: Kontrol
grubundaki örneklerin hiçbirinde çatlak yoktu. Prepare edilen diğer gruplarda
ise çatlak varlığı tespit edildi. 3 mm’lik kesitlerde PU grubunda diğer
gruplara kıyasla daha fazla çatlak tespit edildi. PN grubunun 6 mm’lik
kesitinde diğer kesitlerine kıyasla daha fazla çatlak tespit edildi.

Sonuç: Bu
çalışmada kullanılan bütün eğe yöntemlerinin kanal duvarlarında çatlak
oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir.
A TargetedRNAiScreen RevealsDrosophilaFemale-Sterile Genes That Control the Size of Germline Stem Cell Niche During Development
Authors: Cho Yueh , Lai Chun-Ming , Lin Kun-Yang , Hsu Hwei-Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdult stem cells maintain tissue homeostasis. This unique capability largely depends on the stem cell niche, a specialized microenvironment, which preserves stem cell identity through physical contacts and secreted factors. In many cancers, latent tumor cell niches are thought to house stem cells and aid tumor initiation. However, in developing tissue and cancer it is unclear how the niche is established. The well-characterized germline stem cells (GSCs) and niches in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary provide an excellent model to address this fundamental issue. As such, we conducted a small-scale RNAi screen of 560 individually expressed UAS-RNAi lines with targets implicated in female fertility. RNAi was expressed in the soma of larval gonads, and screening for reduced egg production and abnormal ovarian morphology was performed in adults. Twenty candidates that affect ovarian development were identified and subsequently knocked down in the soma only during niche formation. Feminization factors (Transformer, Sex lethal, and Virilizer), a histone methyltransferase (Enhancer of Zeste), a transcriptional machinery component (Enhancer of yellow 1), a chromatin remodeling complex member (Enhancer of yellow 3) and a chromosome passenger complex constituent (Incenp) were identified as potentially functioning in the control of niche size. The identification of these molecules highlights specific molecular events that are critical for niche formation and will provide a basis for future studies to fully understand the mechanisms of GSC recruitment and maintenance.
Genetic Analyses ofElysMutations inDrosophilaShow Maternal-Effect Lethality and Interactions withNucleoporinGenes
Authors: Hirai Kazuyuki , Wang Zhuo , Miura Kohei , Hayashi Takaaki , Awasaki Takeshi , Wada Moe , Keira Yoko , Ishikawa Hiroyuki O , Sawamura Kyoichi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractELYS determines the subcellular localizations of Nucleoporins (Nups) during interphase and mitosis. We made loss-of-function mutations of Elys in Drosophila melanogaster and found that ELYS is dispensable for zygotic viability and male fertility but the maternal supply is necessary for embryonic development. Subsequent to fertilization, mitotic progression of the embryos produced by the mutant females is severely disrupted at the first cleavage division, accompanied by irregular behavior of mitotic centrosomes. The Nup160 introgression from D. simulans shows close resemblance to that of the Elys mutations, suggesting a common role for those proteins in the first cleavage division. Our genetic experiments indicated critical interactions between ELYS and three Nup107–160 subcomplex components; hemizygotes of either Nup37, Nup96 or Nup160 were lethal in the genetic background of the Elys mutation. Not only Nup96 and Nup160 but also Nup37 of D. simulans behave as recessive hybrid incompatibility genes with D. melanogaster. An evolutionary analysis indicated positive natural selection in the ELYS-like domain of ELYS. Here we propose that genetic incompatibility between Elys and Nups may lead to reproductive isolation between D. melanogaster and D. simulans, although direct evidence is necessary.
Prevalence of Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior of Preschool Children in Relation to Family Structure / Prevalencija agresivnih i prosocijalnih ponašanja djece predškolske dobi u odnosu na strukturu obitelji
Authors: Kokanović Tihana , Opić Siniša 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether there are differences among preschool children pertaining to the exhibition of aggressive and prosocial behavior in relation to family differences. The survey was conducted using the assessment scale for aggressive and prosocial behavior in preschool children PROS / AG (Žužul & Vlahović- Štetić, 1992). The scale consists of 20 variables making up 2 subscales, namely aggressive and prosocial behavior, which are the most common reactions of children in the kindergarten. The sample consisted of children from pre-schools in the Sisak- Moslavina County (N = 669). Mann Whitney test results confirm that there is no difference between only children and children with siblings in relation to the prevalence of manifesting aggressive and prosocial behavior. Also, no differences were found between children from single-parent and two-parent families in the prevalence of those behaviors.Key words: family structure; prosocial and aggressive behavior; preschool institutions.---SažetakCilj je ovog istraživanja bio utvrditi postoji li razlika među djecom predškolske dobi u manifestiranju agresivnih i prosocijalnih ponašanja s obzirom na strukturu obitelji. Ispitivanje je provedeno s pomoću Skale procjene agresivnog i prosocijalnog ponašanja djece predškolske dobi PROS/AG (Žužul i Vlahović-Štetić, 1992). Skala se sastoji od 20 čestica koje čine 2 subskale: agresivno ponašanje i prosocijalno ponašanje, a koje predstavljaju najčešće reakcije djece u dječjem vrtiću. Uzorak ispitanika činila su djeca predškolskih ustanova Sisačko-moslavačke županije (N=669). Rezultati Mann Whitney testa potvrđuju da ne postoji razlika između djece jedinaca i onih koji imaju braću i sestre u prevalenciji manifestiranja agresivnih i prosocijalnih ponašanja. Također nisu potvrđene razlike među djecom iz jednoroditeljskih obitelji i djece koja žive s oba roditelja u prevalenciji manifestiranja navedenih oblika ponašanja.Ključne riječi: struktura obitelji; prosocijalno i agresivno ponašanje; predškolske ustanove.
Muerte inesperada por rickettsiosis: implicaciones médico-legales y epidemiológicas
Authors: Pachar-Lucio José Vicente , Ruíz-Arango José Antonio , Bermúdez-Castillero Sergio Eduardo , Rodríguez de Pachar Geneva 
Published: May 2018

Propósito: dar a conocer un caso de muerte inesperada por rickettsiosis, sus implicaciones médico-legales y epidemiológicas. Temas: infecciones agudas, muerte inesperada, demanda de mala praxis médica y consecuencias epidemiológicas del diagnóstico de enfermedad infecciosa. Desarrollo: este artículo hace referencia al caso de un adolescente, domiciliado en Ciudad de Panamá, que presentó un cuadro clínico infeccioso agudo y letal. Al momento de la necropsia, no se contaba con un diagnóstico que confirmara que se trataba de un caso de rickettsiosis. Conclusiones: los casos de rickettsiosis no son frecuentes; existe la posibilidad de que no sean diagnosticados oportunamente, y por lo tanto, ponen en riesgo epidemiológico a la población. La complejidad y rapidez de las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ocasionar errores diagnósticos y de tratamiento, por lo cual los resultados de la necropsia son indispensables para certificar la causa de muerte y aclarar demandas por mala praxis médica.