bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of a Twitter campaign to promote HPV vaccine uptake among racially/ethnically diverse young adult women living in public housing
Authors: Allen Jennifer , Hollander Justin , Gualtieri Lisa , Falconi Tania M. Alarcon , Savir Stephanie , Agénor Madina 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives

This study assessed the feasibility of implementing a one-month Twitter campaign to promote knowledge about the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among low-income women living in public housing.

Methods

We recruited a convenience sample (n=35) of women ages 18-26 years who resided in public housing in Massachusetts. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the campaign. Online assessed changes in HPV knowledge, attitudes, and vaccine intentions before and after the campaign.

Results

Most believed that Twitter was an acceptable educational strategy and remained engaged with the campaign throughout the intervention. There were no changes in HPV knowledge, perceived benefits of or barriers to vaccination, decision self-efficacy, or vaccine intentions. Perceived risk for cervical cancer decreased after the campaign.

Conclusions

The one-month educational campaign was feasible and acceptable but did not result in measurable changes perhaps due to high vaccine awareness and uptake before the intervention.

Practice Implications

Twitter may be a feasible and acceptable method for promoting knowledge about the HPV vaccine, but more research is needed to understand how best to reach low-income women with low levels of vaccine uptake.
Complementray medicine seeking behaviour among Sudanese infertile women
Authors: Babikir Suhad Abdelhamid , Alhassan Gamal Osman , Hamad-Alneil Alnazeir Ibrahim , Alfadl Abubakr Abdelraouf 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

This study was conducted in Sudan, which is a sub-Saharan Africa country with similar problems regarding infertility, to explore the perspectives of currently married infertile Sudanese women on complementray medicine seeking behaviour with more emphasis on traditional self-management strategies.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey involving 203 infertile women in Khartoum, Sudan, using a convenient sampling method at the women’s visits of infertility treatment clinics. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results

Findings of the study revealed that 43.3% of participated women had rich experience with infertility self-management strategies, and 65.0% of them used these strategies to treat infertility. Also 59.1% of the participants mentioned unaffordability of modern treatment as a main factor for trying self-management strategies. 45.3% of the participating women believe that the best strategy for self-management of infertility is Qura’an and Sunna treatment provided by Shaikh. Only 42.9% of the participants agreed with the statement that their ‘cognitive knowledge about self-management of infertility does not encourage its use’.

Conclusion

The study revealed women’s rich experience and wide use of different types of self-management strategies together with formal infertility health care services either simultaneously or subsequently. Also, unaffordability of formal treatment services was reported as one of the most encouraging factors towards seeking traditional treatment options. Therefore, most important literature gap this study hoped to fill is its focus on traditional treatment strategies of infertility, and thereby, can help policy makers and public health activists tailor more efficient plans to handle this complicated problem.
Potential for non-combustible nicotine products to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: a systematic review and synthesis of best available evidence
Authors: Lucherini Mark , Smith Katherine , Hill Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

While some experts have emphasised the potential for e-cigarettes to facilitate cessation among smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES), there is limited evidence of their likely equity impact. We assessed the potential for electronic cigarettes and other non-combustible nicotine-containing products (NCNPs) to reduce inequalities in smoking by systematically reviewing evidence on their use by SES in countries at stage IV of the cigarette epidemic.

Methods

Ten electronic databases were searched in February 2017 using terms relating to e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and socioeconomic status. We included studies published since 1980 that were available in English and examined product use by SES indicators such as income and education. Data synthesis was based on those studies judged to be of medium- to high-quality using guidelines adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme.

Results

We identified 54 studies describing NCNP use by SES across 12 countries, of which 27 were judged of sufficient quality to include in data synthesis. We found mixed patterns of e-cigarette current use by SES, with evidence of higher use among low-income adults but unclear or mixed findings by education and occupation. In contrast, smokeless tobacco current use was consistently higher use among low SES adults. There was very limited evidence on the SES distribution of NRT in adults and of all NCNPs in young people.

Conclusions

The only NCNP for which there are clear patterns of use by SES is smokeless tobacco, where prevalence is higher among low SES groups. While this suggests a potentially positive impact on inequalities in smoking (if NCNP use displaces smoked tobacco use), this has not been seen in practice. These findings do not support the suggestion that e-cigarettes have the potential to reduce social inequalities in smoking, since i) current evidence does not show a clear trend of higher e-cigarette use in population groups with higher tobacco consumption, and ii) the experience of smokeless tobacco suggests that – even where NCNP use is higher among low SES groups – this does not necessarily replace smoked tobacco use in these groups.
DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH NUMBER, HIGH COVERAGE DOG RABIES VACCINATION PROGRAMME IN SRI LANKA
Authors: Soriano Carlos Sánchez , Gibson Andrew D. , Gamble Luke , Bailey Jordana L. Burdon , Green Samantha , Green Mark , Bronsvoort Barend M. deC. , Handel Ian G. , Mellanby Richard J. , Mazeri Stella 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Rabies is estimated to cause 59,000 deaths and economic losses of 8.6 billion USD every year. Despite several years of rabies surveillance and awareness programmes, increased availability of post-exposure prophylaxis vaccinations and dog population control, the disease still remains prevalent in Sri Lanka. This study reports the development and roll-out of a high number, high coverage canine rabies vaccination campaign in Sri Lanka, providing estimates for the vaccination coverage achieved, analysing the local dog demographics, and identifying barriers of attendance to static vaccination clinics. Methods: A mass dog vaccination campaign was undertaken in Negombo, Sri Lanka. The campaign was composed of static point and door-to-door vaccination stages, with a final survey of vaccination coverage. A large volume of data on the distribution, health, and signalment of vaccinated dogs was collected through a mobile phone application. A logistic regression model was developed to investigate which socio-spatial and dog-related factors influenced attendance of owners to static vaccination points. Results: The campaign vaccinated over 7,800 dogs achieving a vaccination coverage of 75.8%. A dog:human ratio of 1:17 was estimated. Most dogs were owned, and the dog population was mostly male, adult, and non-sterilized. Unawareness, unavailability and handling problems were the most common reasons given by owners to explain failure to attend a static vaccination point. The regression analysis showed that increasing distance to a static point, in addition to young age and poor health of the dog, were associated with a decrease in the likelihood of attendance to a static vaccination points. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of high number, high coverage vaccination campaigns in Sri Lanka. The information on dog ecology and barriers of attendance to a static point vaccination clinic will facilitate development of future vaccination campaigns.
The differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to stresses indicate expression and sequence divergences
Authors: Lian Shuaibin , Zhou Yongjie , Liu Zixiao , Gong Andong , Cheng Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Backgroud: Theoretically, paralogous genes generated through whole genome duplications should share identical expression levels due to their identical sequences and chromatin environments. However, functional divergences and expression differences have arisen due to selective pressures and evolutional stresses. A comprehensive investigation of the expression patterns of paralogous gene pairs in response to various stresses and a study of correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs are needed.
Results: In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of paralogous genes under different types of stress and investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs. Firstly, we analyzed the differential expression patterns of the paralogs under four different types of stress (drought, cold, infection, and herbivory) and classified them into three types according to their expression patterns. Secondly, we further analyzed the differential expression patterns under various degrees of stress and constructed the corresponding co-expression networks of differentially expressed paralogs and transcription factors. Thirdly, we investigated the correlations between the expression levels and sequence divergences of the paralogs and identified positive correlations between expression level and sequence divergence. With regard to the sequence divergence, we identified correlations between selective pressure and phylogenetic relationship.
Conclusions: These results shed light on differential expression patterns of paralogs in response to environmental stresses and are helpful for understanding the relations between expression levels and sequences divergences.
Transcriptome Profiling Provides Insights into Molecular Mechanism in Peanut Semi-dwarf Mutant (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Guo Fengdan , Ma Junjie , Shi Suhua , Sun Jinbo , Li Guanghui , Zhao Chuanzhi , Xia Han , Zhao Shuzhen , Wang Xingjun , Hou Lei , Zhao Yanxiu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
BackgroundPlant height is the major agronomic trait and closely correlated to crop yield. Plant height development is an important area of plant developmental biology and numerous studies about its molecular genetic basis had been conducted on model plants and crops. However, little is known on the molecular mechanisms of peanut plant height.ResultsIn this study, a semi-dwarf peanut mutant was identified from Co60 gama ray induced mutant population and designated as semi-dwarf mutant 2 (sdm2). The height of sdm2 was only 59.3% of its wild line Fenghua 1 (FH1) at the mature stage. Both the internode number and internode length of sdm2 were less than those of FH1. Gene expression profiles of stem and leaf from both sdm2 and FH1 were analyzed using high throughput RNA sequencing. The identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways, cell wall synthetic and metabolic pathways. BR, GA and IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways were significantly enriched. The expression of several genes in both BR biosynthesis and signaling were found to be significantly down-regulated in stem and leaf of sdm2 as compared to FH1. Many transcription factor genes were identified as DEGs.ConclusionsA large number of genes were found to be differentially expressed between sdm2 and FH1. These results provide useful information for uncovering the molecular mechanism regulating peanut stem height. It could facilitate identification of causal genes for breeding advanced peanut varieties with semi-dwarf phenotype.
Successful long-term remission through tapering tocilizumab infusions: a single center prospective study
Authors: Ladhari Chayma , Blay Pierre Le , Vincent Thierry , Larbi Ahmed , Rubenstein Emma , Lopez Rosanna Ferreira , Jorgensen Christian , PERS Yves-Marie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Strategic drug therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with prolonged remission is not well defined. According to recent guidelines, tapering biological Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) may be considered. We aimed to evaluate the long-term maintenance of tocilizumab (TCZ) treatment after the progressive tapering of infusions.

Methods

We conducted an exploratory, prospective, single-center, open label study, on RA patients with sustained remission for at least 3 months and treated with TCZ infusions every 4 weeks. The initial re-treatment interval was 6 weeks for the first 3 months. Thereafter, the spacing between infusions was determined by the clinician. Successful long-term maintenance following the tapering of TCZ infusions was defined by patients still treated after two years by TCZ with a minimum dosing interval of 5 weeks.

Results

Thirteen patients were enrolled in the study. Eight out of thirteen were still treated by TCZ after two years. Successful long-term maintenance was possible in six patients, with four patients maintaining a re-treatment interval of 8-weeks or more. We observed 5 patients with TCZ withdrawal: one for adverse drug reaction (neutropenia) and four with secondary failure. Patients achieving successful long-term maintenance with TCZ were significantly younger than those with secondary failure (p<0.05). In addition, RA patients with positive rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, experienced a significantly greater number of flares during our 2-year follow-up (p<0.01).

Conclusions

A progressive tapering of TCZ infusions seems possible in most of the patients. However, larger studies, including more patients, are needed to confirm this therapeutic option.
Cues for different diagnostic patterns of interpersonal violence in a psychiatric sample: an observational study
Authors: Talevi Dalila , Collazzoni Alberto , Rossi Alessandro , Stratta Paolo , Mazza Monica , Pacitti Francesca , Costa Manuela , Crescini Claudio , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background.
Interpersonal violence has increased as a health concern especially in the psychiatry practice over the last decades; nevertheless, most patients with stable mental illness do not present an increased risk of violence and a mental disorder is not a necessary or sufficient cause of violent behaviors. People with mental illness endorse more often a number of risk factors for violence that could confound this association, such as young age and male gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age, gender, and diagnosis on reported levels of interpersonal violence in a sample of people with severe mental illnesses.

Methods.
The sample was composed of 160 inpatients: 73 with psychosis, 53 with mood disorder and 34 with personality disorder. All patients enrolled in the study were assessed for experiences of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal violence using the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale interview. Demographic variables were also collected.

Results.
Violence negatively correlated with age. Compared to males, females were exposed to higher degree of violence (for both victimizations in childhood and adulthood), whereas males were more involved in the perpetration of violence (only for perpetration in childhood). Among diagnoses, personality disorders are associated with higher levels of interpersonal violence. An interaction effect of gender and diagnosis was also observed for expression of violence in adulthood.
Distinct patterns of interpersonal violence did emerge for the diagnostic entities with mood disorder showing a victimization pattern, personality disorders a perpetration pattern and psychoses a less defined pattern.

Conclusions.
The main finding is that psychoses, mood disorders and personality disorders have different patterns of violent experiences when combined with age and gender. This study offers a step towards a better understanding of the extent to which gender and age could affect violent behaviors. Moreover, study findings may increase the comprehension of the reason why some mental disorders, compared to others, are more associated with the risk of victimization or perpetration of violence. These patterns could have pathophysiological or pathoplastic meaning addressing clinical and diagnostic trajectories interacting with other intervening risk factors.
Mortality of site-specific cancer in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ni Liwei , Long Yuming , Yuan Xuya , Xu Jianhao , Tao Jialong , Wu Runhong , Yu Na , Zhang Yusong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have reported contradicting results on the relationship between cancer mortality and schizophrenia. Our aim is to quantify the mortality rate of common site-specific cancers among patients with schizophrenia and to synthesize the available research evidence.
Method: We performed a systemic search of the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. Studies reporting the mortality rate of different cancer in patients with schizophrenia were included. A random-effects model was applied to calculate the pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).
Results: Seven studies consisting of a total of 1,162,971 participants with schizophrenia were included in this meta-analysis. Data regarding mortality risk of breast, colon, lung and prostate cancer among schizophrenia patients were subjected to quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed significant increases in mortality risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.97, 95%CI 1.38–2.83), lung cancer (RR = 1.93, 95%CI 1.46–2.54) and colon cancer (RR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.60–1.80) in patients with schizophrenia compared with those in the general population or control group. The mortality risk of prostate cancer increased in male patients, although no significant difference was detected (RR = 1.58, 95% CI 0.79–3.15). Increased risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer were observed in female patients (RR = 2.49, 95%CI 2.40–2.59 and RR = 2.42, 95%CI 1.39–4.22, respectively) and elevated risks of mortality from lung and colon cancer in male patients (RR = 2.40, 95%CI 2.30–2.50 and RR = 1.90, 95%CI 1.71–2.11, respectively) were detected.
Conclusions: Individuals with schizophrenia have a significantly high risk of mortality from breast, colon, and lung cancer and a high risk of mortality from prostate cancer.
Rural vs urban residence and experience of discrimination among people with severe mental illnesses in Ethiopia
Authors: Forthal Sarah , Fekadu Abebaw , Medhin Girmay , Selamu Medhin , Thornicroft Graham , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Few studies have addressed mental illness-related discrimination in low-income countries, where the mental health treatment gap is highest. We aimed to evaluate the experience of discrimination among persons with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in Ethiopia, a low-income, rapidly urbanizing African country, and hypothesised that experienced discrimination would be higher among those living in a rural compared to an urban setting.

Methods

The study was a cross-sectional survey of a community-ascertained sample of people with SMI who underwent confirmatory diagnostic interview. Experienced discrimination was measured using the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12). Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used to estimate the effect of place of residence (rural vs. urban) on discrimination, adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Of the 300 study participants, 63.3% had experienced discrimination in the previous year, most commonly being avoided or shunned because of mental illness (38.5%). Urban residents were significantly more likely to have experienced unfair treatment from friends (χ2(1)=4.80; p=0.028), the police (χ2(1) =11.97; p=0.001), in keeping a job (χ2(1)=5.43; p=0.020), and in safety (χ2(1)=5.00; p=0.025), and had a significantly higher DISC-12 score than those living in rural areas (adjusted risk ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.33).

Conclusions

Persons with SMI living in urban settings report more experience of discrimination than their rural counterparts, which may reflect a downside of wider social opportunities in urban settings. Initiatives to expand access to mental health care should consider how social exclusion can be overcome in different settings.
Determinants of anemia among HIV positive children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019: A case-control study
Authors: Beletew Biruk Abate , Mengesha Ayelign , Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent poor prognostic marker of HIV disease. The rate of progression and mortality in this subgroup of patients is high compared to non-anemic patients. WHO estimates that over 2 billion people are anemic worldwide and young children bear the world's highest prevalence rate of anemia. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about the determinant factors associated with anemia among HIV positive children. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of anemia among children on highly active anti-retroviral therapy attending hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 350 HIV infected children on HAART attending Hospitals of North Wollo Zone, from February 1 to March 30, 2019. The study participants were selected with consecutive sampling technique. An adapted, interviewer-administered, and pre-tested questionnaire and chart review were employed to collect the data. Besides, blood and stool sample was investigated to determine hematologic indices and to investigate intestinal parasites respectively. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 24 statistical software and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors.
Results: A total of 350 HIV positive children (117 cases and 234 controls) were included in this study with an overall response rate of 100%.On multivariate analysis, variables which have spastically significance association with anemia were; had Amebiasis (AOR = 7.29, 1.22 - 43.56), had history of opportunistic infections (AOR = 9.63, 1.94 - 47.85), had malaria infection (malaria pf) (AOR = 4.37, 1.16 - 16.42),eating non-diversified (AOR = 10.39, 2.25 - 48.0), WGT –Age Z score value between -2_-3 (AOR = 9.80, 2.46 - 39.14),level of adherence (AOR = 2.31, 1.92, 7.77) and being from rural area(AOR = 8.8, 2.07 - 37.79).
Conclusion: In this study having parasitic infections, history of opportunistic infections, being malnourished, poor adherence to ART, caregivers living in the rural area and eating non-diversified foods were significantly associated with anemia among HIV positive children on HAART.This indicates the need of an integrated package of interventions to design anemia prevention program.