bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Extensive Ossification of the Posterior Petroclinoid Ligament: An Anatomical Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Haładaj Robert , Polguj Michał , Żytkowski Andrzej , Topol Mirosław , Wysiadecki Grzegorz 
Published: July 2018

Background The posterior petroclinoid dural fold (commonly referred to as a ligament) forms the roof of the trigeminal porus and the roof of the petroclival venous confluence. It lies in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve that crosses it. Due to the low availability of research material, only a few cadaveric studies have been conducted on the microsurgical anatomy of the petroclinoid ligament in cases of its ossification. Thus our report complements earlier studies and provides detailed data on the spatial relationships between the ossified posterior petroclinoid ligament and the trigeminal, oculomotor, and abducens nerves, with special attention to the topographical relationships within the petroclival venous confluence and Dorello's canal.
Case Description Bilateral massive ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament was observed during the dissection of a 76-year-old female cadaver. The presence of an osseous bridge over the trigeminal notch was also detected on the left side. No narrowing of the space occupied by the petroclival venous confluence was observed. However, the dural sheath of the oculomotor nerve was fixed much more than usual.
Conclusions Because the ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament may be considered a factor influencing diagnostic and surgical procedures, neurosurgeons and neuroradiologists should be aware of this variation. Ossification of the posterior petroclinoid ligament may also potentially result in greater susceptibility of the oculomotor nerve to injury.
Investigation and Evaluation of Potential Aerosol Release by Maquet/Getinge Heater–Cooler Units Used during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Schwandtner Sebastian , Reichel Herwig , Jatzwauk Lutz , Matschke Klaus 
Published: July 2018

Background Heater–Cooler units (HCUs) supply tempered water through blood heat exchangers and through warming/cooling blankets to control the body temperature of heart surgery patients. Bacteria which potentially colonize the stored water may escape from the tank into the environment and are carried by the device's cooling air exhaust into the sterile field and finally may infect open chest heart surgery patients. Reports from several countries are connecting the infection of open chest heart surgery patients to airborne transmitted Mycobacteria chimaera which were found in the water of heater–cooler devices. As a consequence of the vigilance system for medical products, we investigated the potential release and the possible transmission of bacteria from the tank water into the sterile operating field.
Materials and Methods In the absence of an evaluation standard for this problem, measurable acceptance criteria for particle releases and a qualitative method for bacteria transmission assessment have been deployed. To assess potential bacteria transmission into the sterile field, tank water of the test devices was inoculated with high concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (reference strain ATCC15442) and operated in an operating room with simulated use.
Results The particle release at the tank lids of the Maquet/Getinge HCU 30 and HCU 40 during the filling of the tubes with water (deaeration) and during the removal of water from the tubes (emptying) increased slightly, but close to the blank readings for the larger particles. As expected, the particle release at the cooling air grids was higher than around the tank openings. Consistent with the particle measurements, no bacteria from the tank water were found in the sterile field during simulated use of all highly inoculated machines in an operating room.
Conclusion In summary, we assess the risk of infecting open chest heart surgery patients with aerosol-transmitted bacteria from water inside the Maquet/Getinge HCU 40, HCU 30 to be negligible, if handled in accordance with common clinical hygienic precautions.
A Report of Five Child Tetanus Cases
Authors: Boyarchuk Oksana , Volyanska Lubov , Synytska Vira , Korytsky Grygoriy , Burbela Emilia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present five cases of generalized tetanus in children 5 to 13 years old, who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Ternopil Regional Children's Hospital (Western Ukraine) during the past 6 years (2012–2017). In our study, four children were unvaccinated and one received the full series of vaccinations. Proper vaccination in cases of infected wound may not prevent the development of the disease but improves the prognosis for recovery. Treatment of tetanus in Ukraine requires standardization of treatment protocols according to the World Health Organization recommendations, including making human tetanus immune globulin available, as specified by evidence-based medicine. Vaccines availability and education of physicians and parents about the benefits of immunization should be priority national health measures to prevent tetanus.
Zwangsbehandlung in der Psychiatrie und Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit: Anthropologie einer Grenzbegegnung
Authors: Valdes-Stauber Juan 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit wird in der Psychiatrie relevant, wenn eine Behandlung aus medizinischer Sicht geboten wäre, aber gleichzeitig gegen den natürlichen Willen des Patienten erfolgen müsste. Eine substitutive Entscheidung bedarf sodann einer normativen Begründung.
Fragestellung Kann die Dialektik zwischen der vom Patienten subjektiv erlebten Entscheidungsgewissheit und der medizinisch gebotenen fürsorglichen Zwangsbehandlung als substitutive Entscheidung, bei angenommener Selbstbestimmungsunfähigkeit seitens des Patienten und zugleich geltendem Gebot der Behandlung bei vorausgesetztem mutmaßlichen Willen, in medizinanthropologischer Sicht reformuliert werden?
Methode Nach Abgrenzung juristischer Begriffe werden Annahmen, die der kanonischen Auffassung von individueller Autonomie zugrunde liegen, herausgearbeitet. Anschließend wird eine Anthropologie des Begegnungsraumes bei Anwendung unfreiwilliger, aber medizinisch gebotener Maßnahmen, ausgehend von der gegebenen Behandlungs(a)symmetrie und der potentiellen Resonanzfähigkeit, entworfen. Auf dieser Basis wird eine Kritik der rein monistischen Auffassung des psychisch Kranken, ohne Berücksichtigung von sozialer Verwobenheit, begründet. Die Argumentation führt zu einer Pragmatik der umsichtigen Entscheidungen unter Unsicherheit.
Ergebnisse Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit als normatives Konzept meint die Sicherstellung der Entscheidungsautonomie als Fähigkeit der umsichtigen Selbstfürsorge. Sie ist als Ergebnis einer ausgewogenen Urteilsfähigkeit der eigenen Intentionen aufzufassen, die eine kontextuelle Erwägung der Kontingenzen und eine Vorausschau der Handlungskonsequenzen berücksichtigt. Die kanonische Dialektik zwischen Souveränität (entsprechend Selbstbestimmungsfähigkeit) und Subsidiarität (entsprechend substitutiver Entscheidung) basiert im hier vorgeschlagenen Modell auf der Annahme von Behandlungsasymmetrie und personaler Resonanzfähigkeit. Bei der Erwägung von substitutiven Entscheidungen sollten die haltgebenden sozialen Mikrosysteme des Patienten Berücksichtigung finden.
Diskussion Die anthropologische Auseinandersetzung mit der Dialektik zwischen Selbstbestimmung und substitutiver Entscheidung führt eher zu einer Besinnung auf individuelle Lösungen mit ungewissem Ausgang als zu kategorischen Entscheidungen. Alle an der substitutiven Entscheidung Beteiligten und relevante Dritte sollten im Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung Berücksichtigung finden.
Ycf48 involved in the biogenesis of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II complex is a seven-bladed beta-propeller protein
Authors: Yu Jianfeng , Knoppová Jana , Michoux Franck , Bialek Wojciech , Cota Ernesto , Shukla Mahendra K. , Strašková Adéla , Pascual Aznar Guillem , Sobotka Roman , Komenda Josef , Murray James W. , Nixon Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex is essential for driving the light reactions of photosynthesis and for producing the oxygen we breathe. Accessory proteins, most of unknown function, are vital for assembling and maintaining PSII activity. Here we provide structural information on Ycf48/HCF136, which is involved in the early steps of PSII assembly and the repair of PSII following damage by light. We show that Ycf48 is a seven-bladed beta-propeller and that a highly conserved arginine patch is important for function. We propose a role for Ycf48 in coordinating the binding of chlorophyll to protein during insertion of chlorophyll-binding proteins into the membrane. Our work provides insights into the assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus used to harvest sunlight.
Promoter-mediated diversification of transcriptional bursting dynamics following gene duplication
Authors: Tunnacliffe Edward , Corrigan Adam M. , Chubb Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Gene transcription occurs in discontinuous bursts. Although bursts are conserved in all forms of life, the causes and implications of bursting are not clear. Here we delineate a specific cause of bursts and contextualize the significance of bursting, using analysis of a gene family encoding 17 identical actin proteins. Although the genes show similar developmental expression, which is coupled in single cells, they show strong differences in bursting dynamics. These distinct bursting patterns indicate that different signals regulate the individual genes and suggest expansion of the family may have allowed diversification of actin gene regulation. By exchanging the promoters of genes, we show that the dominant driver of bursting dynamics is the gene promoter, not the genome context.
Distinguishing neural correlates of context-dependent advantageous- and disadvantageous-inequity aversion
Authors: Gao Xiaoxue , Yu Hongbo , Sáez Ignacio , Blue Philip R. , Zhu Lusha , Hsu Ming , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Despite extensive research on disadvantageous inequity, little is known about advantageous inequity and whether these two types of inequity involve differential neurocognitive mechanisms. We address these questions from the perspective of context dependency and suggest that these two types of inequity are associated with differential neurocognitive substrates, subserved by different brain regions and in particular by the spatial gradient in insular activity. Our findings shed light on how social contexts (i.e., interpersonal guilt) are integrated into social decision making and suggest that the resistance to unequal situations when individuals are in disadvantageous status may primarily stem from their emotional responses, whereas the resistance to unequal situations when individuals are in advantageous status may involve advanced cognitive functions such as mentalizing.
Fatty-acid derivative acts as a sea lamprey migratory pheromone
Authors: Li Ke , Brant Cory O. , Huertas Mar , Hessler Edward J. , Mezei Gellert , Scott Anne M. , Hoye Thomas R. , Li Weiming 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceAnadromous fishes are those that migrate from the ocean into freshwater to reproduce and need to orient toward a suitable spawning stream or risk leaving no offspring. These migrants are known to use olfactory cues to guide stream selection, but the cues’ identities are not known. Incidentally, it is well-known that stream-dwelling larval sea lampreys emit a pheromone that guides conspecific adults ascending freshwater streams. We identified this pheromone as a fatty-acid derivative that attracts migratory adults into the baited channel in a natural spawning stream. These results illustrate an olfactory mechanism whereby lampreys reliably identify and orient toward a proven spawning ground over a large spatial scale and implicate a potential strategy for sea lamprey control.
Estrogen receptor-1 is a key regulator of HIV-1 latency that imparts gender-specific restrictions on the latent reservoir
Authors: Das Biswajit , Dobrowolski Curtis , Luttge Benjamin , Valadkhan Saba , Chomont Nicolas , Johnston Rowena , Bacchetti Peter , Hoh Rebecca , Gandhi Monica , Deeks Steven G. , Scully Eileen , Karn Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The molecular mechanisms leading to the creation and maintenance of the latent HIV reservoir remain incompletely understood. Unbiased shRNA screens showed that the estrogen receptor acts as a potent repressor of proviral reactivation in T cells. Antagonists of ESR-1 activate latent HIV-1 proviruses while agonists, including β-estradiol, potently block HIV reactivation. Using a well-matched set of male and female donors, we found that ESR-1 plays an important role in regulating HIV transcription in both sexes. However, women are much more responsive to estrogen and appear to harbor smaller inducible RNA reservoirs. Accounting for the impact of estrogen on HIV viral reservoirs will therefore be critical for devising curative therapies for women, a group representing 51% of global HIV infections.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Clone 13 infection causes either persistence or acute death dependent on IFN-1, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and host genetics
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. , Ware Brian C. , Horton Lucy E. , Welch Megan J. , Aiolfi Roberto , Zarpellon Alessandro , Ruggeri Zaverio M. , Sullivan Brian M. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
T cell exhaustion and successful therapy to restore T cell function initially uncovered with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Clone (Cl) 13 infection is important for understanding and treating persistent viral infections and cancers in mice and humans. Here, we report that Cl 13 infection in multiple inbred mouse strains elicits opposite phenotypes: acute death in 7 to 9 d associated with a robust T cell response contrasted to suppression of T cell response leading to persistent infection with normal life span. Death was due to pulmonary vascular leakage of fluids and cells into the lung, leading to respiratory failure. Death can be aborted by blocking interferon-1 signaling or deleting CD8 T cells.
Unexpected synergistic HIV neutralization by a triple microbicide produced in rice endosperm
Authors: Vamvaka Evangelia , Farré Gemma , Molinos-Albert Luis M. , Evans Abbey , Canela-Xandri Anna , Twyman Richard M. , Carrillo Jorge , Ordóñez Raziel A. , Shattock Robin J. , O’Keefe Barry R. , Clotet Bonaventura , Blanco Julian , Khush Gurdev S. , Christou Paul , Capell Teresa 
Published: July 2018

Significance
Our paper provides an approach for the durable deployment of anti-HIV agents in the developing world. We developed a transgenic rice line expressing three microbicidal proteins (the HIV-neutralizing antibody 2G12 and the lectins griffithsin and cyanovirin-N). Simultaneous expression in the same plant allows the crude seed extract to be used directly as a topical microbicide cocktail, avoiding the costs of multiple downstream processes. This groundbreaking strategy is realistically the only way that microbicidal cocktails can be manufactured at a cost low enough for the developing world, where HIV prophylaxis is most in demand.
Acid-sensing ion channels emerged over 600 Mya and are conserved throughout the deuterostomes
Authors: Lynagh Timothy , Mikhaleva Yana , Colding Janne M. , Glover Joel C. , Pless Stephan A. 
Published: July 2018

Significance
The conversion of extracellular chemical signals into electrical current across the cell membrane is a defining characteristic of the nervous system. This is mediated by proteins, such as acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), membrane-bound receptors whose activation by decreased extracellular pH opens an intrinsic membrane-spanning sodium channel. Curiously, ASICs had only been reported in vertebrates, despite the homology of many other ion channels in vertebrates and invertebrates. Using molecular phylogenetics and electrophysiological recordings, we discover ASICs from tunicates, lancelets, sea urchins, starfish, and acorn worms. This shows that ASICs evolved much earlier than previously thought and suggests that their role in the nervous system is conserved across numerous animal phyla.
Disadvantaged Early-Life Socioeconomic Circumstances Are Associated With Low Respiratory Function in Older Age
Authors: Cheval Boris , Chabert Clovis , Orsholits Dan , Sieber Stefan , Guessous Idris , Blane David , Kliegel Matthias , Janssens Jean-Paul , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Pison Christophe , Courvoisier Delphine S , Boisgontier Matthieu P , Cullati Stéphane 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Poor lung function in late life may stem from early-life risk factors, but the epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. We investigated whether individuals who experienced disadvantageous socioeconomic circumstances (SEC) in early life showed lower levels of respiratory function in older age, a steeper decline over time, and whether these relationships were explained by adult-life SEC, body mass index, and physical inactivity in older age.

Methods
We used data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (2004–2015). Participants’ peak expiratory flow (PEF) was assessed with a mini-Wright peak flow meter at second, fourth, and sixth waves. Confounder-adjusted linear mixed-effect models were used to examine the associations between early-life SEC and PEF in older age. A total of 21,734 adults aged 50–96 years (46,264 observations) were included in the analyses.

Results
Older adults with disadvantaged early-life SEC showed lower levels of PEF compared with those with advantaged early-life SEC. The association between early-life SEC and late-life PEF persisted after adjusting for adult-life SEC, smoking, physical inactivity, and body mass index. PEF declined with age, but the effect of early-life SEC on this decline was not consistent across robustness and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
Early life is a sensitive period for respiratory health. Further considering the effect of SEC arising during this period may improve the prevention of chronic respiratory diseases.
American Dionysus: Carl W. Hamilton (1886–1967), collector of Italian Renaissance art
Authors: Johnston Tiffany L 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
For nearly a decade Carl W. Hamilton was in possession of one of the most important private collections of Italian Renaissance painting in America. A self-made millionaire from humble beginnings, the young Hamilton captivated the art dealer Joseph Duveen and Duveen’s foremost experts in Italian Renaissance painting, Bernard and Mary Berenson. By inspiring and instructing Hamilton, Duveen and the Berensons hoped to focus his wealth and ambition to create a great collection and thereby profit by both him and the glory of his achievement. Though Hamilton’s personal collection proved ephemeral, many of his most important works of art nevertheless found their way into American public collections. Furthermore, Hamilton’s formative collecting experience – which developed his prejudices and preferences, sharpened his keen negotiating skills and solidified his zeal for collecting – helped to shape two significant collections of Old Masters in the Carolinas: the Museum & Gallery at Bob Jones University and the North Carolina Museum of Art.
Information Management and Pricing in Platform Markets
Authors: Jullien Bruno , Pavan Alessandro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We study platform markets in which the information about users’ preferences is dispersed. First, we show how the dispersion of information introduces idiosyncratic uncertainty about participation decisions and how the latter shapes the elasticity of the demands and the equilibrium prices. We then study the effects on profits, consumer surplus, and welfare of platform design, blogs, forums, conferences, advertising campaigns, post-launch disclosures, and other information management policies affecting the agents’ ability to predict participation decisions on the other side of the market.
The Duration of Symptoms Does Not Impact Clinical Outcomes Following Lumbar Decompression Surgery
Authors: Movassaghi Kamran , Basques Bryce A. , Louie Philip K. , Khan Jannat M. , Derman Peter B. , Nolte Michael T. , Paul Justin C. , Goldberg Edward J. , An Howard S. 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
A retrospective cohort analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess whether duration of symptoms (DOS) has an effect on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar decompression.

Summary of Background Data.
The success of surgical interventions for lumbar spinal stenosis varies depending on numerous factors, including DOS. However, existing literature does not provide a clear indication of the outcome of lumbar decompression surgery in regard to DOS secondary to nerve root compression.

Methods.
Analysis of patients who underwent primary lumbar laminectomy from 2008 through 2015 by one of two senior orthopedic spine surgeons was conducted. Exclusion criteria were as follows: previous lumbar surgery, patient under 18 years of age at time of surgery, or postoperative follow-up less than 3 months. Patients were divided into groups on the basis of preoperative DOS: less than 1 year and 1 year or greater. Patient-reported outcomes were obtained using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, Visual Analog Scales (VAS) scores for the back and leg, 12-Item Short Form Mental and Physical Survey (SF-12) scores, and Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Mental and Physical Survey (VR-12) scores. Patients were surveyed about expectations and postoperative satisfaction.

Results.
Two hundred ten patients were assessed; 108 with DOS of less than 1 year and 102 with DOS of 1 year or more. On multivariate analysis, patients with DOS of 1 year or greater presented with significantly lower SF-12 scores (P = 0.043). No significant differences existed in other outcome survey scores. Reoperation rates were not significantly different (P = 0.904). Both groups reported high levels of satisfaction (odds ratio 0.42, P = 0.483) and that surgery met or exceeded their expectations (odds ratio 1.00, P = 0.308).

Conclusion.
Symptom chronicity did not significantly affect postoperative clinical outcomes, reoperation rates, or patient satisfaction. Nonoperative treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis is often successful but may delay operative intervention. However, results of this study suggest that the delay does not negatively impact surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3