bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Risk Factors of Major NonCommunicable Diseases among Adolescents of Higher Secondary Schools of Kaski, District
Authors: Yadav Dipendra Kumar , Sharma Bhoopendra , Shrestha Naveen , Karmacharya Isha , Yadav Saroj 
Published: November 2018

Background: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of major Non communicable disease risk factors among higher secondary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary students of grade 11 and 12 of Kaski district in Nepal. The study period was from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sample 640 higher secondary students were recruited through two-stage cluster sampling. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for the data collection tool along with other tools which were used such as UNICEF electronic weighing scale, stature meter and mechanical aneroid sphygmomanometer. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Pokhara University. Data were entered into EpiData software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results: The prevalence of smoking was 6.1% which was high in male (11.9%) than female (0.6%). Alcohol consumption practice among the adolescents was 18.9%. Family history of hypertension was seen higher than family history of diabetes.The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%.High prevalence of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP was found in male than female students. Overweight was seen in 6.1% students. Prevalence of obesity was almost equal in both groups.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of smoking, alcoholism among adolescents. Hypertension was more common than diabetes among adolescents.
Air pollution by nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city
Authors: Shevchenko O. , Snizhko S. , Danilova N. 
Published: November 2018

In the article main nitrogen dioxide emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city for time period 1985 - 2012, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceeding. The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide observed in the central part of the city in some months the warm season. The frequency of cases exceeding of MAC in the air usually exceeds 50% and in the warm season 2012 average concentration of NO2 in the air has been very high and frequency of exceeding of MAC reached 100% in almost all monitoring stations. Studies show that in the warm season in the air of Kyiv regularly observed abnormally high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which is a precursor of photochemical smog, and under favorable meteorological conditions will result in the formation of this negative phenomenon in the atmosphere of the city.
Towards theoretical modeling of the sand dunes motion
Authors: Gerasymov O.I. , Andrianova I.S. 
Published: November 2018

The transport of sand by wind is a potent erosion force, creates sand dunes and ripples, and loads the atmosphere with suspended dust aerosols. This article presents a short review of the physics of wind-driven sand. Specifically, we review the physics of saltation, the formation and development of sand dunes and ripples. We also discuss some classes of the governing equations which describe the physics of wind-driven sand and dune formation. We describe selected types of dunes and conditions under which they occur, and also some features of dunes as well as processes that they are involved in. We show that the normalized dunes height collapses using a simple product of the Froude and Reynolds numbers. This would obscure the effects of frictional dissipation, which clearly plays an important role in all mentioned upper process. Ignoring friction, one can construct a simple energy balance between the kinetic energy of the impacting and the potential energy of the dunes, where we assume the dunes thickness is proportional to ds. This produces the following scaling. In other words, was one to increase the grain diameter ds by a factor of 10 ~ i.e., reduce Re by 100! for the same impact conditions, then the frictionless flow would predict a 10-fold reduction in , whereas the experiments suggest a 100-fold reduction. This shows clearly that viscous forces play a role in the granular dunes formation (and their relevant dynamics), as well as gravity and inertia.
These circumstances move us to conclude the vide range of (non-dissipative) hydrodynamic approaches to describe dunes formation and their dynamics just as a robust model approaches.
New geography-mathematic approaches in the tasks of design of distribution of harmful admixtures in an atmosphere
Authors: Bunyakova Yu.Ya. 
Published: November 2018

It is presented a qualitative overview of the new conceptual approaches, which are based on the provisions of the chaos theory, dynamical systems theory, fractal geometry, analysis of Lyapunov exponents, and others, to problems of modeling the propagation of pollution impurities in the atmosphere of industrial cities and predicting the evolutionary dynamics. We summarize the main ideas of these approaches with emphasis on the analysis of time series of concentrations of pollution impurities in the atmosphere, as well as an analysis that shows that the chaotic regime of the time evolution of the characteristics of deterministic dynamical systems, in particular, the application of ecological systems is, in fact, a non-linear phenomenon which in principle can not be described on the basis of the classical linear regular-dynamic models.
Meteorological service for civil defense tasks
Authors: Kovylin G.D. , Bernikov I.S. , Vasilishin V.N. 
Published: November 2018

The place and role of meteorological service for solving problems of population protection against the impact of natural disasters, technological accidents and modern means of destruction (fires, explosions, and terrorist actions) are considered. The shortcomings of the calculation technique and the radar method considered for computing of average wind and explosion (nuclear object accident) power are shown. The ways for solving this problem are developed. The importance and relevance of solving problems related to meteorological service for headquarters of the Civil Defense and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are emphasized, including the necessity of problem solving due to implementation of automatical data computation for meteorological service, development and installation of high-speed meteorological data processing facilities. Proposals to improve the collection, processing and analysis of meteorological and upper-air data required for prediction and assessment of radiation and biological (bacteriological) environment in order to protect the population and the troops are presented.
Development of calculated and normative framework in the field of maximum runoff of rain and spring flood: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Gopchenko E.D. , Romanchuk M.E. , Ovcharuk V.A. 
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the problematic issues related to the definition of the design characteristics of the maximum runoff of rain and spring floods the rare probability of exceedance in the case absence of direct observations for hydrological regime of rivers. A brief review of foreign and domestic methods to determine the maximum runoff of the rivers is discussed. A new calculated and normative framework based on the theory of channel isochronous with using geometric model of slope and streamflow hydrographs are proposed. The formulas proposed by the authors is recommended for practical use, as a supplement to a new regulatory document, which is being developed in Ukraine.
Water balance systems of lakes Yalpuh – Kugurluy (in the period 2006-2014 yy.)
Authors: Gopchenko E.D. , Medvedєva J.S. , Makedonskay J.A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Violation of natural water exchange in the lake Yalpug - Kugurluy led to the deterioration of water quality in lakes and their shoaling and silting of lakes and overgrown with reeds.
Purpose. Water system study mode lakes Yalpug - Kugurluy based on water balance equation and the definition and analysis components of the water balance equation system oz.Yalpuh - Kugurluy. Based on this analysis needs to develop to offer optimal functioning oz.Yalpuh - Kugurluy, in terms of its tiered and hydrochemical regimes as well as perform mathematical modeling of reservoir operation in different administrative actions.
Methods. The article used the methods of analysis in theory, the method of water balance.
Results. Established that the greatest impact on the water regime of lakes in incoming parts are precipitation, the expenditure - the evaporation from the water surface of lakes and water exchange мagee system of lakes Yalpug - Kugurluy and Danube river.
Conclusion. It should be a more detailed investigation of the water regime of lakes, the adoption of recommendations for the improvement of water exchange in lakes as well as improve the quality of water for agricultural purposes.
Soil quality assessment based on reaction of soil solution and content of heavy metals in the southern part of Odessa Region
Authors: Lyashenko G.V. , Prykup L.A. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Land resources suffer from serious anthropogenic influence which negatively influences soil covering. It’s necessary to obtain reliable information about condition of soil to provide rational land using.
Purpose. The objective of this research consists in assessment of quality of soil in the southern part of Odessa Region based on reaction of soil solution and content of heavy metals.
Methods. Assessment of quality of soil covering is carried out on the basis of the established classification of reactions of soil covering and the comparative characteristic of content of heavy metals in soil with indication of maximum permissible concentration of these metals.
Results. Within the territory of the southern part of Odessa Region soils with weakly alkaline and alkaline reactions of soil solution prevail. The areas of soils with neutral reaction don't exceed 23% of the total area of Tatarbunary district. Content of heavy metals is observed in soils of all regions of the southern part of Odessa region.
Conclusion. In order to transfer heavy metals to slow-moving forms liming of soils is carried out with regard to sour soils and gypsuming – with regard to alkaline ones. It is possible to achieve the same purpose through using phosphoric and organic fertilizers. After formation of complexes heavy metals become less mobile and get to vegetation in smaller quantities. It is also possible to reduce intake of heavy metals by vegetation through adding organic ion-exchange substances in soils. Termination of agricultural activity is recommended with respect to the territories where rate of heavy metals’ pollution of air, water, soil and vegetation reaches the level that is critical for human health, and where the system of modern protective methods is no more effective.
Peculiarities of homogeneous areas distribution within the fields of hydrometeorological characteristics in the Northern Pacific during the cold season
Authors: Serga E.N. 
Published: November 2018

In order to investigate horizontal distribution of hydro-meteorological characteristics, statistical analysis techniques, including multidimensional statistical analysis techniques (for example, factor, cluster analysis etc.) are usually applied. These techniques allow obtaining not only fields of particular characteristic by means of plotting appropriate isolines, but determining entire homogeneous areas with typical representative point which helps to compress information considerably and to reveal boundaries of distribution of certain characteristic within the entire spatial aggregation.
Schemes of zoning of fields of difference for monthly average temperatures “underlying surface-air” at 2 m height, of surface flows of latent heat, of zonal aspects of wind speed in the Northern Pacific obtained by means of the Universal Iterative Method of Data Clusterization are offered. The obtained clusterization schemes underwent both physical and statistical analyses having good scientific justification. It is shown that distribution of zonal aspect of wind speed has latitudinal direction, and distribution of flows of latent heat and temperature differences has mainly a focal nature. Analysis of variability of boundaries of homogeneous areas, average values of representative vectors, dispersions, mean-square deviations during future time intervals will allow identifying the specific features of climate variability through the example of the fields of hydrometeorological characteristics under study.
Impact of climate change on quantity and area of forest fires in the northern part of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine
Authors: Balabukh V. O. , Zibtsev S. V. 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study consists in assessment of impact of change of thermal regime, air moisture and weather phenomena on quantity and area of forest fires in the northern part of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine, their possible changes and consequences by the middle of XXI century with regard to modern climatic period for SRESA1B scenario and setting of some proportion of uncertainty of these changes.
The study of regional peculiarities of climate change was performed on the basis of daily meteorological observations over the period of 1961-2013 in the context of Kherson region. To assess impact of weather conditions on fire safety data on number of forest fires and their area in the region over 1996-2013 (about 4 000 cases of fire) were used. The study was carried out using regression and correlation analysis. Calculation projections of climate characteristics’ change resulting in forest fires was performed for the period of 2021-2050 with relation to modern climatic period (1981-2010) using the data of regional climate model REMO with resolution of 25 km initiated by ECHAM5 global model calculation.
It was found that number and area of forest fires in the northern part of the Black Sea Region of Ukraine is largely dependent on thermal regime, moisture and wind regime. Influence of temperature appears to be decisive and affects area of fires rather than their number. For example, increase of annual / summer average air temperature by 1°C can lead to increase of average area of fire almost by 110% and 90% respectively and increase of number of days with atmospheric drought and heat (maximum temperature above 30°C) by 10 days can cause increase of average area of fires by 130% and 80%. At the same time air temperature in September and October has a significant impact on number of fires: increase of monthly average air temperature by 1°C can lead to increase of number of fires by 20%.
Climate change analysis conducted in Kherson oblast resulted in finding that over the recent decades the region faced a significant change of thermal regime, moisture and wind regime, recurrence of weather phenomena affecting number and area of forest fires. These changes led to increase of fire risks in the region. Evaluation of possible changes of these characteristics by the middle of the XXI century showed that the under SRES A1B scenario the region might expect further increase of temperature throughout the year, growth of number of hot days and duration of sultry period. Since these processes are accompanied by increase of duration of dry period these changes will significantly affect fire risk increase – number of forest fires and their area by the middle of the XXI century in Kherson region may significantly grow.
Obtained results can be used to develop plans for adaptation to climate change.
Photosynthetic productivity of spring barley under conditions of climate changes
Authors: Polevoy A. N. , Bozhko L. Yu. , Barsukova O. A. 
Published: November 2018

Harvest of agricultural crops depends on availability of biological properties of plants, aggregate of technological measures for plants growth, peculiarities of soil covering and weather and climate conditions, social importance of products and their economic value.
Crop capacity of spring barley depends on many factors, among which there are the most important ones such as light, heat, moisture, mineral nutrition etc. Climate changes that became particularly noticeable during the recent decade cause change of agro-climatic conditions of spring barley growing, which, in their turn, cause change of rates of crops growth, change of parameters of formation of its productivity which significantly determines the level of crop capacity.
Photosynthetic activity of plants depends mainly on supply of solar radiation as the primary source for all biological and physical processes taking place in plants. According to data of studies the role of solar radiation in plants’ life appears to be multilateral one and is determined not only by patterns of change of elements of plants’ photosynthetic activity depending on each other, but also by the influence of changes of agro-climatic and farming practices, plants’ density, standards and periods of irrigation and nutrition.
The dynamics of berries quality indicators of technical kinds of grapes during a ripening period
Authors: Lyashenko H. V. , Soborova O. M. 
Published: November 2018

The article describes the main indicators of a grapes crop quality - a sugar content in the juice of grapes and a titratable acidity, which give a special taste to the main production of technical kinds of grapes - dry wines. The methods and tools of the laboratory analysis of these indicators, as well as the methodology of a field experience are described .
The results of laboratory and field experiments, conducted in 2015 in the areas of an ampelography and clonal selection department of NSC of "Institute for Winegrowing and Winemaking named after V. E. Tairov" are represented.
The quality of grapes crop was determined for three grades - Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black (respectively medium, later than average and late ripening). Analysis of grape quality indicators was carried out in the dynamics during ripening (from the beginning of ripening to a technical maturity) in four replications for 40 plants on three tiers of the bush - the upper, middle and lower.
It was executed the calculations of glucoacidimetric indicator (GAP) value for grades Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black. The following conclusions were obtained. The greatest rate of change of grapes quality indicators of different ripening technical kinds is observed for the grape with the lowest grade ripening period – Odessa Muscat.
The resulting calculations indicate sufficient indicators value to obtain good quality wine materials for making high quality wines.
Influence of forestry in the South of Ukraine on carbon dioxide control in the atmosphere
Authors: Lyashenko H. V. , Kuznetsova Yu .O. 
Published: November 2018

The article describes the need for and the results of research of the process of carbon dioxide absorption by the largest artificial forest in Europe growing in the South of Ukraine, near the town of Oleshky (Tsuryupynsk), on the Lower Dnieper sands, due to increase of air temperature of the planet. Forecasts of scientists around the world force us to concentrate all possible efforts of the planet to preserve its atmospheric air temperature at the level not exceeding by 1.5 - 2 °C. This forestry aroused scientists’ interest because of its location in the Steppe zone of Ukraine and its origin. The article analyzes the current state of the forest hunting range. The species of trees prevailing in the forest stand and occupying the largest area in terms of age classes are specified. Areas of wood species under study depending on their age are also shown. Study of selected species, namely Crimean pine and Scotch pine, in terms of intensity of carbon dioxide absorption by needles from autumn 2015 to summer 2016 was also carried out. Seasonal performance in the form of graphs with analysis of the process under study was demonstrated. The lowest and the highest values of the process under study were noted down. Obtained results make it possible to analyze the processes of carbon dioxide absorption throughout the year by pinaceous species, namely by Crimean pine and Scotch pine.
Brief overview of meteorological research in the late XX - early XXI century in Ukraine
Authors: Ivus H. P. , Мartazinova V. F. 
Published: November 2018

In the paper the review of the meteorological research in Ukraine at the end of the 20-th century – the beginning of the 21-th century was made. Researches in the field of meteorology are performed mainly by the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute of the State Service of Emergencies of Ukraine and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa State Environmental University (OSENU) and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (TSNUK).
The studies of UkrHMI scientific schools headed by well-known scientists in the field of meteorology were devoted to the development of new theories, methods, models in the field of the weather forecasting and dangerous situations in Ukraine, radiation balance, agrometeorology, climate researches in the Ukraine, numerical modeling of cloud physics and active effects on clouds, numerical methods in analysis and forecast of natural and technogenic processes in the atmosphere.
In OSENU, where two scientific schools are established, the scientists study the formation of severe weather and its forecast, diagnose and forecast mesoscale atmospheric circulations, identify nonlinear interaction between the main global structures, detect the features of circulation processes in high latitudes of the southern hemisphere, conduct systematic studies in the field of numerical modelling of physics and dynamics of atmospheric processes with the Enviro-HIRLAM and HARMONIE models.
Scientists of TSNUK study changes in the total column ozone amount in the atmosphere of Antarctic Region and the mid-latitudes of Northern Hemisphere. The work on analyzing the state of climatic parameters and changing the current climate of Ukraine is being carried out at the KNU.
Spatial and temporal identification of baric systems in low troposphere and midtroposphere
Authors: Samchuk E. V. 
Published: November 2018

According to the terms of synoptic meteorology baric systems of low troposphere and midtroposphere are the main objects for research of large-scale circulation processes. Therefore, knowledge of their typical places of origin, their movement and characteristics is extremely critical.
The purpose of this publication consists in analyzing existing methods and algorithms used for identification and tracking of baric systems in low troposphere and midtroposphere. This will allow for distinguishing the most output data and methods for further usage.
Results. A unified methodology for identification and tracking of baric systems was developed. It is based on a step-by-step identification of isolated clusters of low and high pressure or geopotential height throughout the entire depth of low and middle troposphere from a ground level to a 500 hPa isobaric level. Centers of clusters on different levels over a specific period of time are integrated in a single vertical profile which represents a certain baric system. Tracking of baric system movement is conducted using the method of the nearest neighbor which was improved to ensure more accurate detection of fast-moving and short-living cyclones. A software application for automatic identification of baric systems in the Northern Hemisphere and generation of sets of kinematic maps of natural synoptic periods was developed. A database of baric systems which existed in the Northern hemisphere during 1976-2016 was also created.