bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration and ranking of Valiantzas reference evapotranspiration equations under the humid climate of northeast India
Authors: Pandey Vanita , Pandey P. K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study aims to compare and calibrate seven different types of Valiantzas (Valiz) ET0 equations against FAO Penman–Monteith (P-M) equation at three sites under the humid climatic condition of northeast India. In the first stage, the different Valiantzas equations were ranked based on their original coefficient (OC) at each site. In the second stage, Valiz equations were assessed based on local calibrated coefficient (LCC). In the third stage, the selected Valiz equations were assessed based on global calibrated coefficient (GCC) considering pooled data for all the selected stations. The ranking of equations was done using a summative form of global positioning index (GPI). Different Valiantzas equations showed different performances relative to the sites having similar climate class (warm and temperate). With the OC, the Valiz 7 is ranked one at Dibrugarh and Shillong, and Valiz 2 for Aizawl. After local calibration, again, Valiz 7 is best at Dibrugarh and Shillong while Valiz 6 is best at Aizawl. With global calibration coefficient, Valiz 7 ranked best at all three selected stations. The suitable equations identified for the region are Valiz 7, Valiz 6 if full data are available, and Valiz 2 under limiting data conditions.
Identifying common ground for sustainable water data management: the case of California
Authors: Mayton Holly M. , Story S. Drew 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Natural resource management will continue to be increasingly important in the face of impending climate change and population growth, respectively, impacting supply-side and demand-side constraints. Water resources, the subject of this paper, require sustainable management to provide drinking water for society, habitat and ecological water for the environment, and a myriad of industrial water uses, including agriculture, power generation, and manufacturing. In addition to technologies that increase water supply or reduce demand, the effective management of data, specific to water resources, will be crucial in the immediate and long-term future. With diverse water data generators, collectors, synthesizers, users, and policymakers, an integrated system of water data management has potential to ensure sustainable water resource management. To bring this potential to fruition, this work synthesizes published recommendations, as well as those of water experts, and best practices from examples of water data management to provide a preliminary assessment for larger ongoing efforts to improve data for water decision-making in California. Stakeholder collaboration, data standardization, increased data collection, and data transparency and accessibility are among the most common and most important recommendations for sustainably developing and managing an integrated water data management system.
The pain of water: a household perspective of water insecurity and inequity in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Molden Olivia C. , Khanal Anoj , Pradhan Nita 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper draws on participatory research with 47 household water managers over the dry, pre-monsoon, and monsoon season, alongside expert knowledge of water management in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley. Doing so, it presents the perspectives of water managers to highlight three dimensions of water security that existing approaches often overlook. First, experiences of water security vary greatly between households over the year, even within a relatively small geographic area. Second, social connections and landownership play an important role in mediating these experiences. Third, coping with poor water supply places a burden on certain household members. This paper argues that addressing water inequities and insecurities demands research, development and policy responses to look beyond the main pipe network and engage with the variety of ways in which households secure water.
Management priorities for aquifers in El Bajío in Guanajuato state, Mexico
Authors: Flores Horacio , Morales Jorge Luis , Mora-Rodríguez Jesús , Carreño Gilberto , Delgado-Galván Xitlali 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The arrival of new industries in some municipalities of ‘El Bajío’ in Guanajuato state, Mexico, has brought about appreciable economic development and human impacts, but has also caused changes in the management of the aquifers from which they get water for their operations. In some cases, the aquifers are overexploited and contaminated at different levels. A number of agencies have the main responsibility for managing, protecting and conducting studies on water use in both municipalities and the state and, in this context, experts from these agencies were consulted as part of this study about what environmental, social, economic and hydrological aspects had the highest priority when considering the establishment of a new industry in the zone. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology was used. Results show that hydrological aspects were the most important and, within them, treatment and reuse of water had the highest priority. It was concluded, therefore, that for the experts to reuse water in some activities and productive processes must be an option to decrease the water extraction from aquifers, supposing that the treatment process complied with the required regulations. Given the present conditions in the region, we can affirm that these results are applicable to the whole of El Bajío.
Spatial and temporal variation of salt ions in the surface water of Shule River Valley in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Guo Quan en , Li Bao guo , Nan Li li , Nie Zhong nan , Cao Shi yu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the quality of the Shule River water for irrigational purposes. Surface water samples were collected along the course of the river in May and October 2012. The samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), bicarbonate, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Surface water was generally alkaline (average pH 8.17) and water pH and total dissolved solids in May were higher than those in October. EC ranged from 0.24 to 2.15 mS cm−1. Sodium was identified as the dominant cation, sulphate was identified as the dominant anion in May for both samples of river water but, in October, the dominant anions are respectively sulphate, bicarbonate and chloride from the upper region to the lower region. The total dissolved solids, chloride and sodium were found to exceed the permissible limits for irrigation water in the lower region. According to the principal factor analysis results, among water quality parameters measured in this study, chloride is the best indicator for monitoring water quality. The results revealed a deteriorating water quality in the lower region of the river.
Treatment of highly-colored surface water by a hybrid microfiltration membrane system incorporating ion-exchange
Authors: Miyoshi T. , Takahashi Y. , Suzuki T. , Nitisoravut R. , Polprasert C. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the performance of a hybrid membrane filtration system to produce industrial water from highly-colored surface water. The system consists of a membrane filtration process with appropriate pretreatments, including coagulation, pre-chlorination, and anion exchange (IE) process. The results of the pilot-scale experiments revealed that the hybrid system can produce treated water with color of around 5 Pt-Co, dissolved manganese concentration of no more than 0.05 mg/L, and a silt density index (SDI) of no more than 5 when sufficient coagulant and sodium hypochlorite were dosed. Although the IE process effectively reduced the color of the water, a moderate increase in the color of the IE effluent was observed when there was a significant increase in the color of the raw water. This resulted in a severe membrane fouling, which was likely to be attributed to the excess production of inorganic sludge associated with the increased coagulant dosage required to achieve sufficient reduction of color. Such severe membrane fouling can be controlled by optimising the backwashing and relaxation frequencies during the membrane filtration. These results indicate that the hybrid system proposed is a suitable technology for treating highly-colored surface water.
Дискусійні питання хірургічного лікування переломів pilon
Authors: Betz I.G. 
Published: October 2018

Однією з ознак сучасного розвитку травматології є значне поширення технологій заглибного остео­синтезу, і розробки АО вже набули світового значення. Але з ряду об’єктивних причин цей процес має не тільки позитивні, але й негативні наслідки. Велика кількість ранніх гнійно­некротичних ускладнень і пізніх порушень регенерації пов’язана зі значною травматичністю відкритої репозиції кісткових відламків і накістковим (внутрішньокістковим) остеосинтезом, коли ушкодження тканини внаслідок операційної травми ставляться на межу виживання. Особливо наочно це проявляється при високоенергетичній травмі дистального відділу гомілки (pilon), де ускладнення досягають 54 %. Переваги заглибного остеосинтезу можна вважати реалізованими тільки в тому випадку, коли досягнуто анатомічну репозицію і надійну фіксацію кісткових відламків, що виключають необхідність додаткової іммобілізації, що передбачає раннє функціональне лікування без ризику вторинного зміщення. Однак такі результати при ушкодженнях pilon (зокрема, при багатоосколкових імпресійних деструкціях дистального метаепіфіза гомілки) застосуванням накісткового остеосинтезу технічно не можуть бути досягнуті. Такі ситуації необхідно прогнозувати на етапі передопераційного планування і приймати оперативні рішення, оскільки сумнівний результат занурювальної фіксації не виправдовує високого ризику ускладнень і значних матеріально­технічних зусиль. Альтернативою накісткового остеосинтезу значною мірою може бути позаосередковий остеосинтез, що характеризується універсальністю, малоінвазивністю, відповідністю біологічних принципів, а тому не має тяжких незворотних ускладнень. Відносна обмеженість репонуючих можливостей цих технологій може бути значною мірою обумовлена використанням функціонального ремоделювання суглобових поверхонь на підставі застосування сучасних методів функціонального ортезування. Мета дослідження: підвищити ефективність та зменшити кількість ускладнень хірургічного лікування переломів pilon шляхом використання фізіологічних малотравматичних технологій. Матеріалом для роботи є аналіз результатів лікування 42 хворих із відкритими та закритими ушкодженнями pilon всіх основних типів у постраждалих обох статей і різних вікових груп. Передопераційне планування та подальша тактика хірургічного лікування залежали від наявності або відсутності відкритого ушкодження, результатів дистракційного рентгенологічного тесту, характеру ушкодження малогомілкової кістки. Основним методом фіксації був позаосередковий остеосинтез за допомогою односторонніх стрижневих апаратів різних типів, що використовуються в необхідних схемах монтажу. Внаслідок лікування отримано 31 % відмінних, 36 % добрих, 28 % задовільних і 5 % незадовільних результатів. Результати лікування вказують на надійність технології щодо профілактики тяжких інвалідизуючих ускладнень завдяки її відповідності біологічним принципам.
POTENSI Bacillus spp. DARI RIZOSFER TANAMAN KEDELAI UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)
Authors: Oktania Poppy , Marwan Husda , Asniwita Asniwita 
Published: October 2018

Bacillus merupakan rizobakteri yang dapat menghambat patogen tanaman dengan mekanisme antagonis berupa antibiosis. Bacillus spp. dapat mengendaliakan penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh Sclerotium rolfsii pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. dari rizosfer tanaman kedelai untuk mengendalikan penyakit rebah kecambah pada tanaman kedelai. Pelaksanaan pengujian bakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in planta. Pengujian secara in planta menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 14 perlakuan terdiri atas 2 perlakuan kontrol (sehat dan sakit), 1 perlakuan menggunakan fungisida, dan 11 perakuan menggunakan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan bakteri Bacillus spp. berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase rebah kecambah. Terdapat beberapa isolat mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah sebelum muncul kepermukaan tanah dan semua bakteri Bacillus spp. mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah setelah muncul kepermukaan tanah pada tanaman kedelai.
Kata kunci : rizobakteri, Bacillus spp., penyakit rebah kecambah, Sclerotium rolfsii
THE DECISION OF VISITING AND TOURISTS BEHAVIOUR AFTER VISITING TANGGO RAJO TOURISM PLACE IN JAMBI CITY
Authors: OCTAVIA ADE , SRIAYUDHA YAYUK 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to (1) know how much influence the product quality of tourisism against the decision of visiting Tanggo Rajo tourism place in Jambi City, (2) Analyze how much influence the decision against tourists behavior after visiting Tanggo Rajo tourism place in Jambi City. In this study, the factors which are considered to affect the decision of visiting are tourist attractions, transportation, accommodation, supporting facilities and infrastructure. The population of this research is the community that resides in the town of Jambi. Unit sample 100 people representing various respondents among groups of people. Data analysis in this study using multiple linear regression techniques with test tool SPSS.
Kesejahteraan Siswa: Studi Komparatif Siswa Berdasar Keikutsertaan Kegiatan Tahfidz
Authors: Fauziyyah Muthi' , Karyani Usmi 
Published: October 2018

Menghafal Al-Qur’an mempunyai keutamaan besar, hal ini membuat sekolah berbasis agama Islam menyelenggarakan kegiatan tahfidz Al-Qur’an. Siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan tahfidz selain menguasai mata pelajaran umum, siswa juga dituntut untuk menghafal Al-Qur’an. Hal tersebut dapat membuat kekhawatiran siswa akan terbebani banyak kewajiban sehingga merasa tertekan dan tidak sejahtera di sekolah. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan kesejahteraan siswa antara yang mengikuti kegiatan tahfidz Al-Qur’an dan tidak mengukti kegiatan tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey pada 150 siswa SMP X di Surakarta, terdiri dari 75 siswa peserta tahfidz Al-Qur’an (laki-laki: 4 orang; Perempuan: 71 orang) dan 75 siswa bukan peserta tahfidz (laki-laki: 17 orang; perempuan: 58 orang), rata-rata berusia 13 tahun. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kesejahteraan siswa adalah Skala Kesejahteraan Siswa. Data yang terkumpul diuji dengan menggunakan tehnik analisis statistik parametrik melalui uji t Independent Sample t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan kesejahteraan siswa antara yang mengikuti kegiatan tahfidz Al-Qur’an dan siswa yang tidak mengikuti kegiatan tahfidz Al-Qur’an. Kata Kunci : kesejahteraan siswa, menghafal, tahfidz
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Aqueous Dispersion for Enteric Coating of Pantoprazole Sodium Pellets
Authors: Han Min , Yu Qin , Liu Xuerong , Hu Fuqiang , Yuan Hong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate a novel aqueous dispersion (Eudragit® L100-55) f or e nteric c oating o f drugs. Three different casting solutions, Eudragit® L100-55 aqueous dispersion, Eudragit® L 100-55 o rganic s olution, and Eudragit® L30D-55 aqueous dispersion, were used to prepare free films by the casting method. Drug-loaded pellets, prepared by the extrusion-spheronization method, were coated with one of these three coating solutions using the fluidized-bed spray coating technology. Properties of the free films were thoroughly investigated. Films formed by Eudragit® L100-55 aqueous dispersions showed similar properties to those formed by Eudragit® L100-55 organic solution regarding thermodynamic properties, moisture permeability, solubility and acid tolerance ability. Furthermore, the performance of the novel film was better than that formed by Eudragit® L30D-55 aqueous dispersion. Among the three enteric coating solutions, Eudragit® L100- 55 aqueous dispersion will be a promising aqueous dispersion for enteric coating and can be used in the development of enteric-coated preparations.
Vitamin D in Critically Ill Patients - From Molecular Damage Interactions to Clinical Outcomes Benefits. When, Why, How?
Authors: Moise Alida 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Vitamin D - „the sunshine vitamin” is essential for the good functioning of the human body. The most important forms of the vitamin D are the vitamin D2 and the vitamin D3, both biologically inactived. Vitamin D can come from: diet or nutritiv suplimentts and skin. The activation of vitamin D is effect in two steps to the physiologically active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. The biological actions of Vitamin D involve regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level and are mediated through binding to a Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). Vitamin D has multiple roles: hormonale/ nonhormonale, skeletale/nonscheletale, genomice/nongenomice. Interesting is inversely corelation between Vitamin D and total body fat (BMI) and correlation between Vitamin D and cognitive impairment, especially Alzheimer Disease or delirium during hospitalisation. The curent recomandations regarding the supplying with Vitamin D are different for regions of the globe, also differ depending on the baseline serum Vitamin D and on the desired effect. So, potential nonskeletal effects occur at levels >30ng/ml, above 50-75ng/ml, serum level who should become the target of the supplementation. The loading dose should be considered perioperatively for rapid effects. In conclusion, Vitamin D is more than just a vitamin. It is a substance with multiple roles in body’s economy, and in recent years there has been an interest in the relation be tween vitamin D deficiency and obesity or cognitive impairment. The majority of the data supports association, not causation, of low vitamin D levels. In other words, much of data does not clearly support the idea that vitamin D supplementation in a patient with low vitamin D levels reduces the risk of these diseases. But, the supplimentation is very easy and no harm might be done.
"El tabaco se ha mulato": Globalizing Race, Viruses, and Scientific Observation in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Cheng Jih-Fei 
Published: October 2018

This article traces the earliest identified recorded descriptor for viral infection: the racialized Spanish expression "el tabaco se ha mulato" ("the tobacco has become mulatto"). The phrase appears in the late nineteenth-century travel writing of French colonial scientist Jules Crevaux, written as he journeyed through post-Spanish Independence Colombia and observed the demise of the once-thriving tobacco industry. I theorize the literary translations and visualizations, or what I call "visual translations," of the phrase across scientific and historical texts that cite Crevaux to track the refraction of racial, gender, and sexual discourses in virology. I argue that the phrase refers to the historically dispossessed Indigenous and Black subjects of the nascent Colombian republic and their resistance to subjection when forced to work the tobacco fields. The article historicizes virus discovery at the juncture between science, nation-building, global industrialization, and the disciplining of race and sex under the long shadow of Euro-American empire. Drawing upon Ed Cohen's concept of "viral paradox," Nayan Shah's notion of "strangerhood," and Mel Y. Chen's framework for thinking about "queer animacies," I deconstruct the visual, conceptual, and etymological roots of the phrase "el tabaco se ha mulato" to argue that the expression renders the virus as both "queer" and "strange" to the nation. The virus signifies the mulato subject as a stubborn challenge to racial hierarchies and to the host-guest-parasite relation, both of which are foundational to the social organization of the nation and polis. This signification insistently refuses the human/non-human binary that undergirds racial regimes and biological conceptions of life. In turn, I expand historical thinking about race, submit that pandemics result from global industrial resource extraction rather than merely poor hygiene, and offer a framework for "queer decolonizing."
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the determination of Darifenacin Hydrobromide in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Acharya Ankit , Satish N.K. , Manoj L. , Chitti Renukaradhya 
Published: October 2018

The main objective of present study is to develop and validate a new, simple, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method for the determination of Darifenacin Hydrobromide (DFH) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The separation and quantification of the drug was achieved on a RP C18 column (250×4.6mm, 5μm) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile: buffer (50:50), pH 3.0 ± 0.2 at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with detection of analyte at 287 nm. The separation was achieved with in 4.0 ± 0.3 min. The method showed good linearity in the range of 10-100 μg/mL. The intra and inter day RSD ranged from 0.20-0.58%. The recovery (mean ± SD) of low, medium and high concentrations were 98.50 ± 0.20, 100.27 ± 0.15 and 100.90 ± 0.09 respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.31 and 0.61 μg/mL, respectively. It can be concluded that the present method could be superior over the methods which were reported earlier. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 13, No. 1, 2017, Page: 36-44
Effect of R & D Investment on Performance of Banking Sector in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Shaheen , Fatima Samreen , Fatima Nausheen 
Published: October 2018

Research and development activity initiates and promotes new production, increase knowledge level, and introduces new techniques of technology implementation and production. The current study presents and unveils the diversifying behavior of variables affecting the performance of banking sector and R&D investment association. cross sectional fixed effect model and random effect model utilizing ordinary least square methods were applied to secondary data collected from reliable sources of annual reports published by banks listed on Pakistan stock exchange and further such data was verified from state bank of Pakistan official sire .the data range from 2012-2017 and only 10 private banks were considered as sample size which were listed on Pakistan stock exchange. The intense literature guide that the performance of banks is affected by ROA, ROE, AND EPS. Furthermore Hausman test ass applied and it was concluded that when firm’s performance is dependent variable then fixed effect is better and thee is relationship between R&D investment and performance of banks.
Key words: R &D Investment, Performance of banking sector, banking sector in Pakistan