bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granular cell astrocytoma: an aggressive IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma with molecular genetic features of primary glioblastoma
Authors: Vizcaino M. Adelita , Palsgrove Doreen N. , Yuan Ming , Giannini Caterina , Cabrera‐Aldana Eibar Ernesto , Pallavajjala Aparna , Burger Peter C. , Rodriguez Fausto J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGranular cell astrocytoma (GCA) is a rare adult infiltrating glioma subtype. We studied a series of 39 GCAs. Median age of presentation was 57.8 years and most cases developed in the frontal or temporal lobes. Tumors included grade II (n = 14), grade III (n = 11), and grade IV (n = 14) by WHO criteria. Granular cell morphology was diffuse in 31 (79%) cases and partial in eight (21%). Immunohistochemistry showed frequent positivity for GFAP (28 of 31), OLIG2 (16 of 16), and CD68 (27 of 30), but HAM56, CD163, and IBA‐1 histiocytic markers were all negative (22 of 22). IDH1(R132H) was negative in all the cases tested (16 of 16), while ATRX expression was retained (12 of 12). Cytogenetics demonstrated monosomy 10 (6 of 6) cases, +7 in 4 (of 6), −13q in 4 of 6, and −14 in 4 of 6. Next‐generation sequencing demonstrated mutations in PTEN/PIK3 genes in 6/13 (46%), NF1 in 3 of 10 (30%), TP53 in 3 of 13 (23%), PALB2 in 3 of 10 (30%), STAG2 in 3 of 10 (30%), EGFR mutation/amplification in 3 of 13 (23%), and AR in 2 of 10 (20%). CDKN2A/B deletion was identified in 5 of 13 (30%) cases (homozygous deletion in 4). The TERT C228T mutation was identified in 9 of 13 (69%). No mutations were encountered in IDH1, IDH2, CIC, FUBP1, H3F3A, BRAF or ATRX genes. The mean overall survival was 11.3 months. Patients >60 years old at diagnosis had a worse survival than patients <60 years (P = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in survival by WHO grade, extent of granular cell change, sex or MIB‐1 (P > 0.05). GCA is a variant of IDH‐wildtype diffuse glioma with aggressive behavior irrespective of grade and extent of granular cell morphology, and with molecular genetic features corresponding to primary glioblastoma.
Health‐related quality of life experiences in children and adolescents born with esophageal atresia: A Swedish–German focus group study
Authors: Witt Stefanie , Dellenmark‐Blom Michaela , Flieder Sofie , Dingemann Jens , Abrahamsson Kate , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Chaplin John Eric , Ure Benno , Dingemann Carmen , Bullinger Monika , Sommer Rachel , Quitmann Julia Hannah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal atresia (EA) is a rare malformation of the esophagus, which needs surgical treatment. Survival rates have reached 95%, but esophageal and respiratory morbidity during childhood is frequent. Child and parent perspectives and cultural and age‐specific approaches are fundamental in understanding children's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and when developing a pediatric HRQoL questionnaire. We aimed to increase the conceptual and cross‐cultural understanding of condition‐specific HRQoL experiences among EA children from Sweden and Germany and investigate content validity for an EA‐specific HRQoL questionnaire.MethodsEighteen standardized focus groups (FGs) with 51 families of EA children aged 2–17 years in Sweden (n = 30 families) and Germany (n = 21 families) were used to explore HRQoL experiences, which were content analyzed into HRQoL domains. The Swedish HRQoL domains were analyzed first and used as framework to evaluate HRQoL content reported in the German FGs. HRQoL experiences were then categorized as physical, social, and emotional HRQoL burden or resource.ResultsOne thousand nine hundred eight HRQoL statements were recorded. All nine EA‐specific HRQoL domains identified in the Swedish FGs (eating, social relationships, general life issues, communication, body issues, bothersome symptoms, confidence, impact of medical treatment, and additional difficulties due to concomitant anomalies) were recognized in the FGs held in Germany, and no additional EA‐specific HRQoL domain was found. The HRQoL dimensions referenced physical burden (n = 655, 34.5%), social burden (n = 497, 26.0%), social resources (n = 303, 15.9%), emotional burden (n = 210, 11.0%), physical resources (n = 158, 8.3%), and emotional resources (n = 85, 4.5%).ConclusionThis first international FG study to obtain the EA child and his or her parents' perspective on HRQoL suggests Swedish‐German qualitative comparability of the HRQoL domains and content validity for a cross‐cultural EA‐specific HRQoL questionnaire. EA children make positive and negative HRQoL experiences, but prominently related to physical and social burden, which underlines appropriate follow‐up care and future research.
Personal factors associated with the attitudes of nurses towards patients with obesity: a literature review
Authors: Goad E. , Gleeson K. , Jackson S. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis literature review explores the association between body mass index and self‐esteem in nurses, alongside their attitudes towards patients who have obesity. These variables have either previously been linked to weight bias, or with prejudice more generally, but findings in this context are inconclusive. Searches were conducted through Psychology Cross Search, PubMed, Web of Science, Proquest Allied Health Professionals and Google Scholar. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were tabulated and critiqued using appropriate appraisal tools. The literature covered a time span of over 30 years with the type and quality of study methodologies varying. Research was rarely underpinned by theory. As such, no consensus was reached in drawing together the findings but the direction of future research needed to address these issues is discussed. Further research should focus on developing the literature using an appropriate theoretical underpinning in order to better understand the research that has begun further afield.
mGlu1 tonically regulates levels of calcium‐permeable AMPA receptors in cultured nucleus accumbens neurons through retinoic acid signaling and protein translation
Authors: Loweth Jessica A. , Reimers Jeremy M. , Caccamise Aaron , Stefanik Michael T. , Woo Kenneth Kin Yan , Chauhan Nirav M. , Werner Craig T. , Wolf Marina E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn several brain regions, ongoing metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1) transmission has been shown to tonically suppress synaptic levels of Ca2+‐permeable AMPA receptors (CP‐AMPARs) while pharmacological activation of mGlu1 removes CP‐AMPARs from these synapses. Consistent with this, we previously showed in nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that reduced mGlu1 tone enables and mGlu1 positive allosteric modulation reverses the elevation of CP‐AMPAR levels in the NAc that underlies enhanced cocaine craving in the “incubation of craving” rat model of addiction. To better understand mGlu1/CP‐AMPAR interactions, we used a NAc/prefrontal cortex co‐culture system in which NAc MSNs express high CP‐AMPAR levels, providing an in vitro model for NAc MSNs after the incubation of cocaine craving. The non‐specific group I orthosteric agonist dihydroxyphenylglycine (10 min) decreased cell surface GluA1 but not GluA2, indicating CP‐AMPAR internalization. This was prevented by mGlu1 (LY367385) or mGlu5 (MTEP) blockade. However, a selective role for mGlu1 emerged in studies of long‐term antagonist treatment. Thus, LY367385 (24 hr) increased surface GluA1 without affecting GluA2, whereas MTEP (24 hr) had no effect. In hippocampal neurons, scaling up of CP‐AMPARs can occur through a mechanism requiring retinoic acid (RA) signaling and new GluA1 synthesis. Consistent with this, the LY367385‐induced increase in surface GluA1 was blocked by anisomycin (translation inhibitor) or 4‐(diethylamino)‐benzaldehyde (RA synthesis inhibitor). Thus, mGlu1 transmission tonically suppresses cell surface CP‐AMPAR levels, and decreasing mGlu1 tone increases surface CP‐AMPARs via RA signaling and protein translation. These results identify a novel mechanism for homeostatic plasticity in NAc MSNs.
Estimating soil texture from vis–NIR spectra
Authors: Hobley E. U. , Prater I. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVis–NIR spectroscopy is a low‐cost method for proximal soil sensing, enabling rapid analysis of soil texture as an alternative to more laborious analytical methods. In this study we used partial least squares regression (PLSR) and random forest (RF) models trained on vis–NIR spectra of 173 soil samples from across Germany to estimate soil sand (63–2000 µm), silt (2–63 µm) and clay (< 2 µm) contents. Models were trained with different spectral processing methods. Texture was also estimated by averaging results across different models and by calculating each fraction as the difference from 100% of the sum of the other fractions. The PLSR models predicted clay and sand best, whereas RF performed better for predicting silt fractions. Spectral processing did not improve clay predictions, but standardized normal variate spectra predicted the silt fraction best, and log‐inverse spectra improved modelling of the sand fraction. The best models explained > 90% of variance in the evaluation samples of the textural fractions. Residual prediction deviations were > 3 for all fractions, which together with good accuracy indicated excellent model performance. Model averaging across the top three performing models improved the predictive performance of all fractions. Calculating each fraction from the sum of the other two fractions predicted only the sand fraction well, but increased model bias. In addition, we evaluated the models for their reliability at predicting the cumulative sum of the three fractions for samples of unknown textural composition (n = 1186). In a novel approach, we identified poorly predicted samples by propagating errors from the model uncertainties for the individual soil fractions, namely those samples whose cumulative sum lies outside the range covered by 100% ± propagated error from the three fractions. This new method provides the opportunity to optimize analyses efficiently because these samples can be prioritized and used to check and update the models.Highlights
Partial least squares regression and random forest models of vis–NIR spectra predict soil texture reliably.
Cumulative sums of independently predicted fractions enabled error estimation.
Error propagation allowed robust classification of the whole soil texture.
Error propagation identified poorly predicted samples, optimizing laboratory resources.
5‐hydroxytryptophan attenuates imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform dermatitis probably through inhibition of IL‐17A production and keratinocyte activation
Authors: Hsu Peng‐Yang , Yang Hui‐Ju , Yang Tao‐Hsiang , Su Che‐Chun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease with keratinocyte activation and lymphocyte infiltration in the skin. Our previous study found that 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5(OH)Trp), a tryptophan metabolite, alleviated collagen‐induced arthritis and suppressed cytokine production. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 5(OH)Trp in a mouse model for psoriasiform dermatitis, induced by imiquimod (IMQ). We showed that 5(OH)Trp significantly reduced the cumulative scores, epidermal thickness and ki‐67 expression in the skin. In addition, 5(OH)Trp decreased local and systemic inflammation. Moreover, 5(OH)Trp significantly inhibited keratinocyte activation with decrease in IL‐6 production and p‐Erk1/2 and p‐STAT3 expression. 5(OH)Trp also inhibited the differentiation of IFN‐γ‐ and IL‐17A‐expressing CD4+ T cells and related cytokine production (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐17A and IFN‐γ) in splenocytes. In conclusion, 5(OH)Trp can inhibit imiquimod‐induced psoriasiform dermatitis in mice and inhibit activation in keratinocytes and splenocytes.
Balancing resource protection and fishing activity: The case of the European hake in the northern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Pennino Maria Grazia , Vilela Raul , Bellido Jose M. , Velasco Francisco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the fundamental aims of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management is to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the fishery by protecting key life‐cycle habitats, such as recruitment areas. In this study, we apply a hurdle Bayesian hierarchical spatio‐temporal model that describes the abundance of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) recruits in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula. Our findings clearly show four persistent nurseries, the main one being located along the continental shelf of the Artabrian gulf (off La Coruña). The preferential habitats identified for the hake recruits are areas within a bathymetric range of 120–200 m, with 15–16°C of Sea Surface Temperature, a Chl‐a concentration of 0.8–1.2 mg/m3 and low values of seabed rugosity (unconsolidated substrates). Searching for a compromise with fisheries, we also assess the degree of overlap of the main nursery areas with two fisheries footprints, a local one using Vessel Monitoring System data of trawl fishery of Marín, and a global one using Automatic Identification System data of different type of trawlers (bottom otter, beam and midwater trawls). The two fisheries footprints present different degree of overlapping in distinct areas, highlight the need of specific fleet‐adapted management rules in order to protect juvenile stages. We discuss that understanding the distributional patterns associated with key life stages, such as recruitment, and their interaction with fishing activities, is essential for applying appropriate spatial management measures and improving fishery sustainability.
Interventions to support shared decision making for hypertension: A systematic review of controlled studies
Authors: Johnson Rachel A. , Huntley Alyson , Hughes Rachael A. , Cramer Helen , Turner Katrina M. , Perkins Ben , Feder Gene 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypertension (high blood pressure) is a common long‐term health condition. Patient involvement in treating and monitoring hypertension is essential. Control of hypertension improves population cardiovascular outcomes. However, for an individual, potential benefits and harms of treatment are finely balanced. Shared decision making has the potential to align decisions with the preferences and values of patients.ObjectiveDetermine the effectiveness of interventions to support shared decision making in hypertension.Search strategySearches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and PsycINFO up to 30 September 2017.Eligibility criteriaControlled studies evaluating the effects of shared decision‐making interventions for adults with hypertension compared with any comparator in any setting and reporting any outcome measures.ResultsSix studies (five randomized controlled trials) in European primary care were included. Main intervention components were as follows: training for health‐care professionals, decision aids, patient coaching and a patient leaflet. Four studies, none at low risk of bias, reported a measure of shared decision making; the intervention increased shared decision making in one study. Four studies reported blood pressure between 6 months and 3 years after the intervention; there was no difference in blood pressure between intervention and control groups in any study. Lack of comparability between studies prevented meta‐analysis.ConclusionsDespite widespread calls for shared decision making to be embedded in health care, there is little evidence to inform shared decision making for hypertension, one of the most common conditions managed in primary care.
Impact of sex hormones on immune function and multiple sclerosis development
Authors: Ysrraelit María C. , Correale Jorge 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The disease is clearly more common in women, in whom incidence has been rising. Gender differences include: earlier disease onset and more frequent relapses in women; and faster progression and worse outcomes in men. Hormone‐related physiological conditions in women such as puberty, pregnancy, puerperium, and menopause also exert significant influence both on disease prevalence as well as on outcomes. Hormonal and/or genetic factors are therefore believed to be involved in regulating the course of disease. In this review, we discuss clinical evidence for the impact of sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, and testosterone) on MS and attempt to elucidate the hormonal and immunological mechanisms potentially underlying these changes. We also review current knowledge on the relationship between sex hormones and resident CNS cells and provide new insights in the context of MS. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may contribute to the development of new and safer treatments for both men and women.
The GO4KIDDS School Satisfaction Scale
Authors: Perry Adrienne , Charles Meisha , Ncube Busi , Weiss Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSchool experience is an important part of the life of children with developmental disabilities (DD) and their families. Research suggests that parents of children vary in their level of satisfaction with their child's school, but methodology and results have varied and no consistent reliable measure of school satisfaction exists. This paper presents a new brief measure of school satisfaction along with preliminary information on its psychometric properties.MethodParents (n = 185) of children with moderate to severe DD completed a longer questionnaire that included the 9‐item GO4KIDDS School Satisfaction Scale.ResultsThe GO4KIDDS School Satisfaction Scale demonstrates high internal consistency reliability (α = 0.93), good item‐total correlations, and strong correlations with a single‐item rating of school satisfaction.ConclusionsResults support reliability and validity, making the proposed scale valuable for survey research investigating school satisfaction among parents of children with DD.
Screening for syphilis with dual algorithms: analysis of discordant and concordant serology results in a population with a low prevalence of syphilis
Authors: Zhuang Y.‐H. , Liu H. , Tang J. , Wang Y.‐Z. , Zheng X.‐H. , Gong Y. , Xu X.‐F. , Gao X. , Lu R.‐Q. , Ju S.‐G. , Guo L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, many laboratories have switched the traditional screening algorithm (TSA) to reverse screening algorithm (RSA) for the efficiencies in high‐volume syphilis screening. However, confusions have been arisen regarding this paradigm shift.ObjectiveTo compare the performance of two algorithms with head‐to‐head mode.MethodsSera screening for syphilis were tested in parallel with chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST). CIA‐reactive sera from the RSA were reflexively tested with TRUST and confirmed with Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA), while the TRUST‐reactive serology from the TSA were afterwards tested with TPPA.ResultsA total of 110 663 serum samples were screened. The RSA identified 2259 (2.0%) CIA‐reactive results, of which 377 (16.7%) showed TPPA nonreactive results, while the TSA identified 934 (0.8%) TRUST‐reactive results, of which 67 (7.2%) showed TPPA‐nonreactive results. Among the 2259 CIA‐reactive results, 1392 (61.6%) were TRUST‐nonreactive, of which 350 (25.1%) were TPPA‐nonreactive. A total of 182 sera from the 350 TPPA‐nonreactive sera were further tested by a second CIA (VITROS Syphilis TPA, VITROS TPA), of which 155 (85.2%) were nonreactive and 27 (14.8%) were reactive. The 27 VITROS TPA‐reactive sera were further tested with a treponemal Western blot assay (Euroimmun IgG Western Blot, EuroWB), of which 11 (41%) were indeterminate, 6 (22%) were nonreactive and 10 (37%) were reactive. Among the 10 EuroWB‐reactive sera, two seroconverted to TPPA 1:80+/− after 1‐year follow‐up. Of 867 CIA‐reactive/TRUST‐reactive results, 27 (3.1%) were TPPA‐nonreactive.ConclusionsThe RSA identified more patients with reactive treponemal serology. However, it also yielded an increased likely false‐reactive rate compared with the TSA, especially those results with low index values and TRUST‐nonreactive serology, were necessary to retest with a second treponemal test. Further testing results with TPPA, VITROS TPA and EuroWB suggested the false‐reactive CIA screening results and the likely false‐nonreactive TPPA results when the reactive treponemal results screened with RSA were to be identified.
Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing for Older Adults in the United States: 2011 to 2014
Authors: Kabbani Sarah , Palms Danielle , Bartoces Monina , Stone Nimalie , Hicks Lauri A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize antibiotics prescribed to older adults to guide efforts to improve antibiotic use.DesignDescriptive analysis.SettingAmbulatory.ParticipantsAdults aged 65 and older in the United States.MeasurementsInformation on outpatient antibiotic prescriptions dispensed for older adults from 2011 to 2014 was extracted from the IQVIA Xponent database. A chi‐square trend analysis was conducted to assess annual changes in antibiotic prescribing rates. A descriptive analysis of prescribing rates by antibiotic, age group, sex, state, Census region, and provider specialty was conducted.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2014, outpatient antibiotic prescribing rates remained stable in older U.S. adults (P = .89). In 2014, older adults were dispensed 51.6 million prescriptions (1,115 prescriptions/1,000 persons). Persons aged 75 and older had a higher prescribing rate (1,157 prescriptions/1,000 persons) than those aged 65 to 74 (1,084 prescriptions/1,000 persons). Prescribing rates were highest in the South 1228 prescriptions/1,000 persons) and lowest in the West (854 prescriptions/1,000 persons). The most commonly prescribed class was quinolones, followed by penicillins and macrolides. Azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed drug, followed by amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Internists and family physicians prescribed 43% of antibiotic courses.ConclusionOn average, in 2014, U.S. adults aged 65 and older received enough outpatient antibiotic courses for every older adult to receive at least 1. Quinolones and azithromycin are potential targets for assessing the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing in this population. Interventions to improve use targeting internists and family physicians in the South Census region might have the potential to have the greatest effect.