bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of short-term monocular deprivation is not simple: separate effects on parallel and cross-oriented dichoptic masking
Authors: Baldwin Alex S. , Hess Robert F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractShort-term deprivation of the input to one eye increases the strength of its influence on visual perception. This effect was first demonstrated using a binocular rivalry task. Incompatible stimuli are shown to the two eyes, and their competition for perceptual dominance is then measured. Further studies used a combination task, which measures the contribution of each eye to a fused percept. Both tasks show an effect of deprivation, but there have been inconsistencies between them. This suggests that the deprivation causes multiple effects. We used dichoptic masking to explore this possibility. We measured the contrast threshold for detecting a grating stimulus presented to the target eye. Thresholds were elevated when a parallel or cross-oriented grating mask was presented to the other eye. This masking effect was reduced by depriving the target eye for 150 minutes. We tested fourteen subjects with normal vision, and found individual differences in the magnitude of this reduction. Comparing the reduction found in each subject between the two masks (parallel vs. cross-oriented), we found no correlation. This indicates that there is not a single underlying effect of short-term monocular deprivation. Instead there are separate effects which can have different dependencies, and be probed by different tasks.
Extramitochondrial Assembly of Mitochondrial Targeting Signal Disrupted Mitochondrial Enzyme Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Authors: Noree Chalongrat 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSupramolecular assembly of metabolic enzymes has been studied both in vivo and in vitro for nearly a decade. Experimental evidence has suggested a close relationship between enzymatic activity and enzyme assembly/disassembly. However, most cases were studied with the cytosolic enzymes. Here, I report the evidence for a mitochondrial enzyme with its ability in forming visible intracellular structures. By removing the mitochondrial targeting sequence, yeast mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (Ald4p) exhibits reversible supramolecular assembly in the cytoplasm, thus creating a useful system for further characterization of the regulatory factors that modulate the assembly/disassembly of this mitochondrial enzyme.
Transient adhesion in a non-fully detached contact
Authors: Liu Zheyu , Lu Hongyu , Zheng Yelong , Tao Dashuai , Meng Yonggang , Tian Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractContinuous approaching and detaching displacement usually occurs in an adhesion test. Here, we found a transient adhesion force at the end of a non-fully detached contact. This force occurred when the nominal detaching displacement was less than the traditional quasi-static theory predicted zero force point. The transient adhesion force was ascribed to interfacial adhesion hysteresis, which was caused by the cracking process of the contact and the deformation competition between the sphere and supporting spring. Results indicated that the testing of adhesion can be significantly affected by different combinations of stiffnesses of the contact objects and the supporting spring cantilever. This combination should be carefully designed in an adhesion test. All these results enabled increased understanding of the nature of adhesion and can guide the design of adhesive actuators.
Heterogeneity Analysis and Diagnosis of Complex Diseases Based on Deep Learning Method
Authors: Li Xiong , Liu Liyue , Zhou Juan , Wang Che 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnderstanding genetic mechanism of complex diseases is a serious challenge. Existing methods often neglect the heterogeneity phenomenon of complex diseases, resulting in lack of power or low reproducibility. Addressing heterogeneity when detecting epistatic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can enhance the power of association studies and improve prediction performance of complex diseases diagnosis. In this study, we propose a three-stage framework including epistasis detection, clustering and prediction to address both epistasis and heterogeneity of complex diseases based on deep learning method. The epistasis detection stage applies a multi-objective optimization method to find several candidate sets of epistatic SNPs which contribute to different subtypes of complex diseases. Then, a K-means clustering algorithm is used to define subtypes of the case group. Finally, a deep learning model has been trained for disease prediction based on graphics processing unit (GPU). Experimental results on pure and heterogeneous datasets show that our method has potential practicality and can serve as a possible alternative to other methods. Therefore, when epistasis and heterogeneity exist at the same time, our method is especially suitable for diagnosis of complex diseases.
The salience of self, not social pain, is encoded by dorsal anterior cingulate and insula
Authors: Perini Irene , Gustafsson Per A. , Hamilton J. Paul , Kämpe Robin , Zetterqvist Maria , Heilig Markus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe human neural correlates of social rejection have attracted significant research interest, but remain subject to vigorous debate. Specifically, it has been proposed that a matrix of brain regions overlapping with the classical pain matrix, and including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the anterior insular cortex (AI) is critical for processing of social rejection. The present study expands on this conceptualization, by showing that these areas are involved in processing of self-relevant social evaluation, irrespective of valence. Forty healthy adolescents (N = 20 females) were tested in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. We used a novel paradigm that balanced participants’ experience of rejection and acceptance. In addition, the paradigm also controlled for whether the social judgment was towards the participants or towards other fictitious players. By creating a “self” and “other” distinction, we show that right AI and dACC are involved in processing the salience of being judged by others, irrespective of the quality of this judgment. This finding supports the idea that these regions are not specific to social rejection or even to pain or metaphorically painful experiences, but activate to self-relevant, highly salient information.
Acetylcholine and necroptosis are players in follicular development in primates
Authors: Du Yongrui , Bagnjuk Konstantin , Lawson Maralee S. , Xu Jing , Mayerhofer Artur 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAcetylcholine (ACh) in the ovary and its actions were linked to survival of human granulosa cells in vitro and improved fertility of rats in vivo. These effects were observed upon experimental blockage of the ACh-degrading enzyme (ACH esterase; ACHE), by Huperzine A. We now studied actions of Huperzine A in a three-dimensional culture of macaque follicles. Because a form of programmed necrotic cell death, necroptosis, was previously identified in human granulosa cells in vitro, we also studied actions of necrostatin-1 (necroptosis inhibitor). Blocking the breakdown of ACh by inhibiting ACHE, or interfering with necroptosis, did not improve the overall follicle survival, but promoted the growth of macaque follicles from the secondary to the small antral stage in vitro, which was correlated with oocyte development. The results from this translational model imply that ovarian function and fertility in primates may be improved by pharmacological interference with ACHE actions and necroptosis.
Power production prediction of wind turbines using a fusion of MLP and ANFIS networks
Authors: Morshedizadeh Majid , Kordestani Mojtaba , Carriveau Rupp , Ting David S.‐K. , Saif Mehrdad 
Published: April 2018

Access to accurate power production prediction of a wind turbine in future hours enables operators to detect possible underperformance and anomalies in advance. This may enable more proactive and strategic operations optimisation. This study examines common Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) data over a period of 20 months for 21 pitch regulated 2.3 MW turbines. In this study, an algorithm is proposed to impute values of data that are missing, out‐of‐range, or outliers. It is shown that an appropriate combination of a decision tree and mean value for imputation can improve the data analysis and prediction performance by the creation of a smoother dataset. In addition, principal component analysis is employed to extract parameters with power production influence based on all available signals in the SCADA data. Then, a new data fusion technique is applied, combining dynamic multilayer perceptron (MLP) and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) networks to predict future performance of wind turbines. This prediction is made on a scale of one‐hour intervals. This novel combination of feature extraction, imputation, and MLP/ANFIS fusion performs well with favourably low prediction error levels. Thus, such an approach may be a valuable tool for turbine power production prediction.
Kosten-Effektivitäts- und Kosten-Nutzwert-Analysen der Antirefluxmedizin
Authors: Gockel Ines , Lange Undine Gabriele , Schürmann Olaf , Jansen-Winkeln Boris , Sibbel Rainer , Lyros Orestis , von Dercks Nikolaus 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die laparaskopische Antirefluxplastik und die medikamentöse Therapie mit Säureblockern sind Goldstandard der Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxerkrankung. Aufgrund begrenzter Ressourcen bei gleichzeitig steigenden Gesundheitsbedürfnissen und -kosten sollen in der vorliegenden Arbeit beide Methoden nicht nur hinsichtlich des medizinisch besten Resultats, sondern auch in Bezug auf ihre gesundheitsökonomische Überlegenheit untersucht werden.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine elektronische Literaturanalyse in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISRCTN (International Standard Randomization Controlled Trial Number) sowie in der NHS Economic Evaluation Database bis 01/2017. Eingeschlossen wurden nur Studien, welche als Zielparameter die Effektgrößen QALY (=Quality-Adjusted Life Years) (unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Lebensqualitäts-Scores) im Vergleich von laparoskopischer Fundoplikatio und medikamentöser Therapie umfassten. Kriterien, anhand derer die Studien gegenübergestellt und verglichen wurden, waren die Effektgrößen QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years) bzw. daraus resultierend ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio=inkrementelle Kosten-Effektivitäts-Relation)/ICUR (Incremental Cost-Utility Ratio=inkrementelle Kosten-Nutzen-Relation). Je inkludierter Publikation wurde anhand dieser Parameter die Superiorität des jeweiligen Verfahrens herausgearbeitet.
Resultate Es konnten insgesamt 18 vergleichende Studien in der aktuellen Literatur zu o. g. Suchbegriffen identifiziert werden, die die definierten Einschlußkriterien erfüllten. 6 Studien konnten final in unsere Analysen eingeschlossen werden. Es zeigt sich bei 3 der 6 analysierten Publikationen eine bessere Kosteneffektivität zugunsten der laparoskopischen Fundoplikatio. Limitationen sind aufgrund unterschiedlicher Zeithorizonte, Evidenzlevel der Studien und zugrundeliegender Ressourcen/Kosten der Analysen, verschiedener Gesundheitssysteme und angewandter Lebensqualitäts-Instrumente gegeben.
Schlussfolgerung Künftige prospektiv-randomisierte Studien müssen diesen Vergleich noch ausführlicher untersuchen. Zudem findet sich ein großes Potenzial für weitere Studien in der gesundheitsökonomischen Beurteilung von Früherkennungs- und Präventionsmaßnahmen der Refluxerkrankung bzw. des Barrett-Ösophagus und -Karzinoms.
Anabolic Activity of a Soy Extract and Three Major Isoflavones in C2C12 Myotubes
Authors: Zheng Wenya , Hemker Marie , Xie Mingyong , Soukup Sebastian , Diel Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIsoflavones have been reported to stimulate muscle growth. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine anabolic activity and associated molecular mechanisms of a soy extract (SoyEx), isoflavone aglycones, and a mixture simulating the composition of SoyEx in C2C12 myotubes. C2C12 cells were differentiated into myotubes. The effects of SoyEx, genistein, daidzein, glycitein, and the mixture of genistein-daidzein-glycitein (Mix) on myotube diameter and number were determined. In addition, the expression of genes and proteins associated with anabolic activity was analyzed. Treatment with SoyEx, genistein, and Mix led to a significant increase of myotube diameter and an increase of the number of myotubes per area compared to the control cell. The increase of diameter by SoyEx was antagonized by an antiestrogen, not by an antiandrogen. Furthermore, gene expressions of insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R), as well as protein expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC), were significantly increased by SoyEx, genistein, and Mix. The effects induced by genistein and Mix were comparable to SoyEx. In conclusion, SoyEx displays an anabolic activity in C2C12 myotubes by binding to ER and modulating IGF-1 and MHC expression. Our studies with isoflavone aglycones and Mix indicate that the isoflavone aglycone with the highest anabolic bioactivity in SoyEx is genistein.
Clinical Use of Navigation in Lateral Skull Base Surgery: Results of a Multispecialty National Survey among Skull Base Surgeons in Germany
Authors: Ottenhausen Malte , Lenarz Thomas , Jödicke Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Objective To analyze the current clinical use of navigation at the lateral skull base among skull base surgeons in Germany.
Methods A web-based questionnaire was provided to surgeons being head of the department and member of one of the following scientific societies: German Society of Head and Neck Surgery, Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Neurosurgery, and German Skull Base Society. Replies were recorded anonymously. The questionnaire included the estimated case load per year and percent of surgery performed with navigation (middle and posterior fossa), type of navigation, estimates of intraoperative inaccuracy, and reasons for not using navigation.
Results Eighty nine out of 99 replies met requirements for final analysis. Overall, 37% of skull base surgeons use navigation on a regular basis (15% use no navigation). Optical tracking is more frequently used than magnetic tracking (71 vs 19). At the middle fossa, ENT surgeons split into routine users (n = 10/36) and rare users (n = 16/36), the latter stating navigation inaccuracy as a major reason for neglecting navigation. Neurosurgeons use navigation at the middle fossa significantly more often and criticize navigation inaccuracy less. At the posterior fossa, navigation is used less frequently by both ENT and neurosurgeons with similar rates of estimated inaccuracy.
Conclusions A moderate use of navigation at the lateral skull base was demonstrated. Insufficient accuracy causes ENT surgeons to frequently omit navigation at the middle fossa (not neurosurgeons) and posterior fossa (also neurosurgeons). Higher intraoperative navigation accuracy is needed to enhance the use of navigation at the lateral skull base.
Volumetry in the Assessment of Pituitary Adenoma Resection: Endoscopy versus Microscopy
Authors: Wang Anthony , Shah Ashish , Sidani Charif , Gaynor Brandon , Dockrell Simon , Burks S. , Sargi Zoukaa , Casiano Roy , Morcos Jacques 
Published: April 2018

Background Assessment of the extent of resection after surgical resection of pituitary adenomas is most commonly reported in terms of the presence or absence of residual tumor. A quantitative comparison of volumetric resection between endonasal endoscopy (EE) and microsurgery (MS) has rarely been done.
Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on a consecutive series of 154 patients with pituitary adenomas treated by the same surgeon at a single institution. We employed volumetric analysis pre- and postoperatively on two cohorts of pituitary adenoma patients treated through MS (n = 37) versus EE approach (n = 117).
Results Volumetric analysis revealed a higher incidence of complete resection (64.4 vs. 56.8%) and mean volume reduction in the EE cohort (92.7 vs. 88.4%), although not significant. Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the EE group (7.7% vs 24.3%, p = 0.015). Subgroup analysis identified that patients with preoperative tumor volumes >1 mL were less likely to recur through EE (7.8 vs. MS: 29.6%; p = 0.0063). A higher incidence of complete resection was also noted in patients with favorable Knosp grades (0–1) (EE: 87.8 vs. MS: 63.2%; p = 0.036). Postoperative complication rates were not significantly different between both techniques.
Conclusion Both microscopy and endoscopy are well-tolerated, effective approaches in the treatment of pituitary adenomas. Our series demonstrated that EE may be superior to MS in preventing tumor recurrence and achieving a complete resection in certain subsets of patients. EE provides a slight advantage in tumor control outcomes that may justify the paradigm shift to pure endoscopy at our center.
Spezielle Palliativmedizin bei nicht-onkologischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Bausewein Claudia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPalliative medicine has become an integral part of the German healthcare system in recent years. However, patients with non-malignant diseases have less access to palliative care than patients with oncological diseases. These patients comprise a heterogeneous group of chronic lung and heart diseases, neurological and geriatric diseases. Their symptom burden and their palliative care needs are similar to those of oncological patients, but earlier in the disease process. Physical aspects of the disease process are different from psychological, social and spiritual aspects. General medical and specialized palliative care should be offered depending on the complexity of patient’s needs. Screening tools are helpful in identifying patients who need palliative care early in the course of the disease. Advance planning should be an integral part of caring for these patients.
Why is the recognition of credentials not just a matter of good will? Five theories and the Austrian case
Authors: Pfeffer Thomas , Skrivanek Isabella 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
We live in a period of heightened internationalisation of population movement for work, education, and varied forms of forced and voluntary migration. Recognition of qualifications earned by the individuals concerned is a key practical, social, and psychological issue for themselves, as well as impacting on prospective employers, host communities and nations, and a variety of political and cultural debates. This paper analyses the education and qualification system in Austria, a longstanding recipient country for migration, and develops a theoretical framework for classifying institutional procedures that can recognise foreign degrees and the results of both non-formal and informal learning. It argues that both technocratic objectives and moral claims for a quick (or centralised) simplification of these procedures are unrealistic but identifies complementary measures to improve the situation incrementally. Additionally, the paper compares five theoretical approaches – namely human capital theory, theories of credentialism and professionalism, neo-institutionalism, and systems theory – which provide different explanations for the function of credentials in education and their use in labour markets, and offer new perspectives on the contribution of credentials to cultural diversification and to socio-economic inequality. This comparison helps us to understand the potential of and the challenges for recognition in different sectors of qualification systems.
Carrageenan :the difference between PNG and KCL gel precipitation method as Lactobacillus acidophilus encapsulation material
Authors: Setijawati D , Nursyam H , Salis H 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The study on the effects of using of materials and methods in the preparation of the microcapsules Lactobacillus acidophilus towards the viability has been done. The research method used is experimental laboratory design. Variable research was kind of material (A) as the first factor with sub factor (A1 = Eucheuma cottonii) (A2 = Eucheuma spinosum) (A3 = mixture of Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum 1:1 ratio), while the second factor is a method of extraction to produce caragenan (B) with sub factor (B1 = Philipine Natural Grade modification) (B2 = KCl gel Press Precipitation). Analysis of different influences uses Analysis Of Varians followed by Fisher’s test. Analysis of data uses Mini tab 16. The results shows that the kind of extraction factors and methods gave significantly different effects on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus. The highest mean of Viablity obtained in the treatment of materials with a mixture of Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum and used KCl Gel Press method is equal to 7.14 log (CFU / mL). It is ssuggested using of kappa-iota carrageenanmixture asencapsulation material with KCl Gel Press method on Lactobacillus acidophilus microencapsulation process because it treatment gavethe highest average of Lactobacillus acidophilus viability.
MRI and Neuropsychological Correlates in African Americans With Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Authors: Waldron-Perrine Brigid , Kisser Jason E , Brody Aaron , Haacke E Mark , Dawood Rachelle , Millis Scott , Levy Phillip 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAfrican Americans (AAs) are at high risk for hypertension (HTN) and poor blood pressure (BP) control. Persistently elevated BP contributes to cardiovascular morbidity. White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are a definable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) marker of cerebrovascular injury linked to impairments in higher level thinking (i.e., executive functions), memory formation, and speed of perceptual-motor processing.METHODSThis subinvestigation evaluated neuropsychological functioning in association with WMH on brain MRIs in 23 otherwise-healthy hypertensive AAs participating in an NIH-funded study of the effects of vitamin D on BP and cardiac remodeling in AA patients 30–74 years of age with HTN and left ventricular hypertrophy. Neuropsychological assessment included psychomotor processing speed [(Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) and Trail Making Test], executive functioning (Controlled Oral Word Association Test and Trail Making Test Part B), memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test), and fine motor functioning (Finger Tapping).RESULTSSignificant correlations (P &lt; 0.05) were found between volume of periventricular lesions and trails A (r = 0.51) and dominant hand finger tapping speed (r = −0.69) and between subcortical lesion volume and trails A (r = 0.60), both dominant (r = −0.62) and nondominant hand finger tapping speed (r = −0.76) and oral SDMT (r = −0.60); higher lesion volumes correlated to worse neuropsychological performance.CONCLUSIONSPsychomotor tests including the Trail Making Test and finger tapping speed are sensitive indicators of subclinical deficits in mental processing speed and could serve as early markers of deep subcortical cerebrovascular injury in otherwise-healthy individuals with uncontrolled chronic HTN.