bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Levels of Satisfaction With Nurse-Patient Communication Among Oncology Patients
Authors: Lam Winsome , Wong Fiona Y. , Chan Angela E. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Nurse-patient communication is of the utmost importance to oncology patients.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the level of satisfaction with nurse-patient communication among oncology patients during their daily routine procedures.

Methods
In this observational study, 25 registered nurses and 94 patients were recruited from an oncology unit. The patients were asked to complete a concern checklist before and after each admission, administration of medication, and wound-dressing procedure. Nonverbal cues expressed by the nurses and patients were noted on the checklist during these nursing procedures.

Results
The results showed that patients at stage 3 cancer and patients receiving admission procedures were significantly more satisfied with their communication with nurses compared with those who were more concerned about the impact of the disease on self-care.

Conclusions
Cancer stage, time of admission, and psychological concern related to self-care ability are the potential factors affecting the satisfaction level of nurse-patient communication.

Implications for Nursing
Emphasis could be placed on utilizing the time of admission to interact with patients in a busy environment to strive for better communication with oncology patients. The results underscore the importance of applying the self-care enhancement approach for hospitalized cancer patients.
Relationships Among Fatigue, Anxiety, Depression, and Pain and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Kelly Debra Lynch , Yang Gee Su , Starkweather Angela R. , Siangphoe Uma , Alexander-Delpech Paula , Lyon Debra E. 
Published: December 2018

Background
With a nearly 89% 5-year survival rate for women with early-stage breast cancer, symptoms are a priority. Healthy lifestyle behaviors may be temporally associated with symptoms; however, evidence is lacking.

Objective
This research examined temporal relationships among healthy lifestyle behaviors and symptoms in women diagnosed with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy.

Methods
This research was part of a study (R01NR012667) approved by the institutional review board. Women (n = 76) providing written informed consent participated in this longitudinal study examining health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and symptoms (fatigue, anxiety, depression, and pain). Participants completed well-validated self-report questionnaires primarily at a clinic visit. Statistical methods included descriptive statistics, linear mixed-effects models, and pairwise comparisons using SAS 9.4; α was set at .05.

Results
Lowest healthy lifestyle behavior scores for physical activity and highest scores for spiritual growth were reported. Significant changes in physical activity and stress management were noted. Fatigued patients had lower physical activity and nutrition scores than did patients without fatigue. Patients with anxiety had lower spiritual growth and interpersonal relation scores than did patients without anxiety. Relationships demonstrated temporal differences.

Conclusions
Breast cancer survivors did not routinely engage in healthy lifestyle behaviors. Significant temporal changes in healthy lifestyle behaviors and symptoms and significant associations among healthy lifestyle behaviors, symptoms, and demographic and clinical factors were noted in this study.

Implications for Practice
Knowing the temporal relationships among these variables provides insight that could be useful for nurses so they can encourage healthy lifestyle behaviors to mitigate symptoms throughout the cancer trajectory.
Call for “High-Dose” Olanzapine Research in Treatment-Resistant Psychosis
Authors: Westermeyer Joseph 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Psychiatric care has entered a new era in which care for treatment-resistant psychiatric disorder has attained priority status. Addressing treatment resistance involves 1) alleviating symptoms and signs of the diagnostic condition, 2) returning the patient to functional capacity, and 3) preventing subsequent recurrence. This approach has achieved considerable momentum in regard to major depressive disorder, as evidenced by early recognition and timely treatment, medication augmentation strategies, mind-body training for the populace at large, effective and efficient psychotherapies, and new biomedical interventions. This report proposes a pharmacotherapy that may qualify for treatment-resistant psychosis, that is, high-dose olanzapine. Considerable thought, planning, resources, and effort would be necessary to test this intervention. This proposal includes suggestions for developing an affordable means of assessing this and future candidates for treatment-resistant psychosis.
Objective Assessment of Disparity Vergence after Treatment of Symptomatic Convergence Insufficiency in Children
Authors: Scheiman Mitchell , Talasan Henry , Alvarez Tara L. 
Published: December 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
This first report of the use of objective measures of disparity vergence as outcome measures for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children provides additional information that is not accessible with clinical tests. The study results also demonstrate that objective measures of vergence could be used in future randomized clinical trials of binocular vision disorders with children.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate changes in objective measures of disparity vergence after office-based vergence/accommodative therapy (OBVAT) for convergence insufficiency in children 12 to 17 years old.

METHODS
In this prospective trial, we recruited 10 participants with normal binocular vision and 12 with convergence insufficiency. All participants with convergence insufficiency were treated with 12 weeks of OBVAT. The primary outcome measure was average peak velocity for 4° symmetrical convergence steps. Other objective outcome measures of disparity vergence included time to peak velocity, latency, and accuracy. Changes in clinical measures (near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence at near) and symptoms were evaluated.

RESULTS
There was a statistically significant increase in peak velocity and more accurate response amplitude to 4° symmetrical convergence step stimuli after OBVAT compared with baseline measurements. Near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence, and symptoms also statistically significantly improved after OBVAT. Ten of the 12 participants met clinical success criteria.

CONCLUSIONS
In this prospective study on the treatment of symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children in which both clinical and objective eye movement measurements were used to evaluate the results of treatment, significant changes were found in symptoms and both clinical and objective measures of disparity vergence after completion of OBVAT in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency.
Association of Dialysis Duration With Outcomes After Kidney Transplantation in the Setting of Long Cold Ischemia Time
Authors: Bonner Keisha , Joshi Gaurang , Seibert Rachel , Kayler Liise K. 
Published: December 2018

Background
There is no mechanism that matches hard-to-place kidneys with the most appropriate candidate. Thus, unwanted kidney offers are typically to recipients with long renal replacement time (vintage) which is a strong risk factor for mortality and graft failure, and in combination with prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT), may promote interactive effects on outcomes.

Methods
Consecutive adult isolated kidney transplants between October 2015 and December 2017 were stratified by vintage younger than 1 year and CIT longer than 30 hours.

Results
Long (n = 169) relative to short (n = 93) vintage recipients were significantly more likely to be younger (32.2 years vs 56.9 years, P = 0.02), black race (40.8% vs 18.3%, P = 0.02), have higher estimated posttransplant survival (52.6 vs 42.0, P = 0.04), and have a comorbid condition (45.6% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02); they were less likely to receive a donation after circulatory death kidney (27.8% vs 39.8%, P = 0.05). Long vintage was significantly associated with length of stay longer than 4 days (45.5% vs 30.1%, P = 0.02), and 30-day readmission (37.3% vs 22.6%, P = 0.02) but not additional operations (17.8% vs 15.1%, P = 0.58), short-term patient mortality (3.0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.70), or overall graft survival (P = 0.23). On multivariate logistic regression, long vintage remained an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.47); however, there was no interaction of vintage and CIT for this outcome (P = 0.84).

Conclusions
Readmission is significantly associated with pretransplant dialysis duration; however, CIT is not a modifying factor for this outcome.
Biomarkers of collagen synthesis predict progression in the PROFILE idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cohort
Authors: Organ Louise A , Duggan Anne-Marie R , Oballa Eunice , Taggart Sarah C , Simpson Juliet K , Kang’ombe Arthur R , Braybrooke Rebecca , Molyneaux Philip L , Leeming Diana J , Karsdal Morten A , Nanthakumar Carmel B , Fahy William A , Marshall Richard P , Jenkins R Gisli , Maher Toby M 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodelling. Measuring this activity provides an opportunity to develop tools capable of identifying individuals at-risk of progression. Longitudinal change in markers of ECM synthesis was assessed in 145 newly-diagnosed individuals with IPF.Serum levels of collagen synthesis neoepitopes, PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 (collagen type 3 and 6), were elevated in IPF compared with controls at baseline, and progressive disease versus stable disease during follow up, (PRO-C3 p<0.001; PRO-C6 p=0.029). Assessment of rate of change in neoepitope levels from baseline to 3 months (defined as ‘slope to month 3’: HIGH slope, slope > 0 vs. LOW slope, slope <=0) demonstrated no relationship with mortality for these markers (PRO-C3 (HR 1.62, p=0.080); PINP (HR 0.76, p=0.309); PRO-C6 (HR 1.14, p=0.628)). As previously reported, rising concentrations of collagen degradation markers C1M, C3M, C6M and CRPM were associated with an increased risk of overall mortality (HR=1.84, CI 1.03 – 3.27, p=0.038, HR=2.44, CI 1.39–4.31, p=0.002; HR= 2.19, CI 1.25–3.82, p=0.006; HR= 2.13 CI 1.21–3.75, p=0.009 respectively).Elevated levels of PRO-C3 and PRO-C6 associate with IPF disease progression. Collagen synthesis and degradation biomarkers have the potential to enhance clinical trials in IPF and may inform prognostic assessment and therapeutic decision making in the clinic.
Urinary biomarkers and cardiovascular outcomes in the UK Biobank: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses
Authors: Zanetti Daniela , Bergman Helene , Burgess Stephen , Assimes Themistocles L. , Bhalla Vivek , Ingelsson Erik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundUrinary biomarkers are associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the nature of these associations is incompletely understood.MethodsWe performed multivariable-adjusted regression models to assess associations of urinary sodium-potassium ratio (UNa/UK), and urinary albumin adjusted for creatinine (UAlb/UCr) with cardiovascular risk factors, CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 478,311 participants of the UK Biobank. Further, we studied above associations separately in men and women, and assessed the causal relationships of these kidney biomarkers with cardiovascular outcomes using the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.ResultsIn observational analyses, UNa/UK showed significant inverse associations with atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), ischemic stroke, lipid-lowering medication and T2D. In contrast, UAlb/UCr showed significant positive associations with AF, CAD, heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, lipid-lowering medication and T2D. We found a positive association between UNa/UK and albumin with blood pressure (BP), as well as with adiposity-related measures. Generally, we detected consistent directionality in sex-stratified analyses, with some evidence for sex differences in the associations of urinary biomarkers with T2D and obesity. After correcting for potential horizontal pleiotropy, we found evidence of causal associations of UNa/UK and albumin with systolic BP (betaSBP≥2.63; betaDBP≥0.85 SD increase in systolic BP per SD change UNa/UK and UAlb/UCr; P≤0.038), and of albumin with T2D (odds ratio=1.33 per SD change in albumin, P=0.023).ConclusionOur Mendelian randomization analyses mirror and extend findings from randomized interventional trials which have established sodium intake as a risk factor for hypertension. In addition, we detect a feed-back causal loop between albumin and hypertension, and our finding of a bidirectional causal association between albumin and T2D reflects the well-known nephropathy in T2D.
Software application profile: GLU: A tool for analysing continuously measured glucose in epidemiology
Authors: Millard Louise A C , Patel Nashita , Tilling Kate , Lewcock Melanie , Flach Peter A , Lawlor Debbie A 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMotivationContinuous glucose monitors (CGM) record interstitial glucose ‘continuously’, producing a sequence of measurements for each participant (e.g. the average glucose every 5 minutes over several days, both day and night). To analyze these data, researchers tend to derive summary variables such as the Area Under the Curve (AUC), to then use in subsequent analyses. To date, a lack of consistency and transparency of precise definitions used for these summary variables has hindered interpretation, replication and comparison of results across studies. We present GLU, an open-source software package for deriving a consistent set of summary variables from CGM data.General featuresGLU performs quality control of each CGM sample (e.g. addressing missing data), derives a diverse set of summary variables (e.g. AUC, and proportion of time spent in hypo-, normo- and hyper-glycaemic levels) covering six broad domains, and outputs these (with quality control information) to the user.ImplementationGLU is implemented in R.AVAILABILITYGLU is available on GitHub at [https://github.com/MRCIEU/GLU]. Git tag v0.1 corresponds to the version presented here.
Genetic analyses of medication-use and implications for precision medicine
Authors: Wu Yeda , Byrne Enda M. , Zheng Zhili , Kemper Kathryn E. , Yengo Loic , Mallett Andrew J. , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M. , Wray Naomi R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is common that one medication is prescribed for several indications, and conversely that several medications are prescribed for the same indication, suggesting a complex biological network for disease risk and its relationship with pharmacological function. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of medication-use may contribute to understanding of disease etiology, generation of new leads relevant for drug discovery and quantify prospects for precision medicine. We conducted GWAS to profile self-reported medication-use from 23 categories in approximately 320,000 individuals from the UK Biobank. A total of 505 independent genetic loci that met stringent criteria for statistical significance were identified. We investigated the implications of these GWAS findings in relation to biological mechanism, drug target identification and genetic risk stratification of disease. Amongst the medication-associated genes were 16 known therapeutic-effect target genes for medications from 9 categories.
Cisandtrans-acting variants contribute to survivorship in a naïveDrosophila melanogasterpopulation exposed to ryanoid insecticides
Authors: Green Llewellyn , Battlay Paul , Fournier-Level Alexandre , Good Robert T. , Robin Charles 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInsecticide resistance is a paradigm of microevolution and insecticides are responsible for the strongest cases of recent selection in the genome ofDrosophila melanogaster. Here we use a naïve population and a novel insecticide class to examine theab initiogenetic architecture of a potential selective response. Genome wide association studies of chlorantraniliprole susceptibility reveal variation in a gene of major effect,Stretchin Myosin light chain kinase(Strn-Mlck), which we validate with linkage mapping and transgenic manipulation of gene expression. We propose that allelic variation inStrn-Mlckalters sensitivity to the calcium depletion attributable to chlorantraniliprole’s mode of action. Genome-wide association studies also reveal a network of genes involved in neuromuscular biology. In contrast, phenotype to transcriptome associations identify differences in constitutive levels of multiple transcripts regulated by cnc, the homologue of mammalian Nrf2. This suggests that genetic variation acts intransto regulate multiple metabolic enzymes in this pathway. The most outstanding association is with the transcription level ofCyp12d1which is also affected incisby copy number variation. Transgenic overexpression ofCyp12d1reduces susceptibility to both chlorantraniliprole and the closely related insecticide cyantraniliprole. This systems genetics study reveals multiple allelic variants segregating at intermediate frequency in a population that is completely naïve to this new insecticide chemistry and it adumbrates a selective response among natural populations to these chemicals.SignificanceAround the world insecticides are being deregistered and banned, as their environmental costs are deemed too great or their efficacy against pest insects is reduced through the evolution of insecticide resistance. With the introduction of replacement insecticides comes the responsibility to assess the way new insecticides perturb various levels of biological systems; from insect physiology to ecosystems. We used a systems genetics approach to identify genetic variants affecting survivorship ofDrosophila melanogasterexposed to chlorantraniliprole. The study population was completely naïve to this insecticide chemistry and yet we find associations with variants in neuromuscular genes and co-regulated detoxification genes. We predict that these variants will increase in populations of this ‘sentinel species’ as these insecticides are applied in the environment.
Measuring rank robustness in scored protein interaction networks
Authors: Bozhilova Lyuba V. , Whitmore Alan V. , Wray Jonny , Reinert Gesine , Deane Charlotte M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundProtein interaction databases often provide confidence scores for each recorded interaction based on the available experimental evidence. Protein interaction networks (PINs) are then built by thresholding on these scores, so that only interactions of sufficiently high quality are included. These networks are used to identify biologically relevant motifs or nodes using metrics such as degree or betweenness centrality. This type of analysis can be sensitive to the choice of threshold. If a node metric is to be useful for extracting biological signal, it should induce similar node rankings across PINs obtained at different reasonable confidence score thresholds.ResultsWe propose three measures—rank continuity, identifiability, and instability—to evaluate how robust a node metric is to changes in the score threshold. We apply our measures to twenty-five metrics and identify four as the most robust: the number of edges in the step-1 ego network, as well as the leave-one-out differences in average redundancy, average number of edges in the step-1 ego network, and natural connectivity. Our measures show good agreement across PINs from different species and data sources. Analysis of synthetically generated scored networks shows that robustness results are context-specific, and depend both on network topology and on how scores are placed across network edges.ConclusionDue to the uncertainty associated with protein interaction detection, and therefore network structure, for PIN analysis to be reproducible, it should yield similar results across different confidence score thresholds. We demonstrate that while certain node metrics are robust with respect to threshold choice, this is not always the case. Promisingly, our results suggest that there are some metrics that are robust across networks constructed from different databases, and different scoring procedures.
Emergence of the East-Central-South-African genotype of Chikungunya virus in Brazil and the city of Rio de Janeiro may have occurred years before surveillance detection
Authors: Souza Thiago Moreno L. , Vieira Yasmine Rangel , Delatorre Edson , Barbosa-Lima Giselle , Luiz Raul Leal Faria , Vizzoni Alexandre , Jain Komal , Mesquita Milene , Bhuva Nishit , Gogarten Jan F. , Ng James , Thakkar Riddhi , Calheiros Andrea Surrage , Monteiro Ana Paula Teixeira , Bozza Patrícia T. , Bozza Fernando A. , Tschoeke Diogo A. , Leomil Luciana , de Mendonça Marcos Cesar Lima , dos Santos Rodrigues Cintia Damasceno , Torres Maria C. , de Filippis Ana Maria Bispo , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , Thompson Fabiano L. , Lemos Cristina , Durovni Betina , Cerbino-Neto José , Morel Carlos M. , Lipkin W. Ian , Mishra Nischay 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBrazil, which is hyperendemic for dengue virus (DENV), has had recentZika(ZIKV) and (CHIKV)Chikungunyavirus outbreaks. Since March 2016, CHIKV is the arbovirus infection most frequently diagnosed in Rio de Janeiro. In the analysis of 1835 syndromic patients, screened by real time RT-PCR, 56.4% of the cases were attributed to CHIKV, 29.6% to ZIKV, and 14.1% to DENV-4. Sequence analyses of CHIKV from sixteen samples revealed that the East-Central-South-African(ECSA) genotype of CHIKV has been circulating in Brazil since 2013 [95% bayesian credible interval (BCI): 03/2012-10/2013], almost a year before it was detected by arbovirus surveillance program. Brazilian cases are related to Central African Republic sequences from 1980’s. To the best of our knowledge, given the available sequence published here and elsewhere, the ECSA genotype was likely introduced to Rio de Janeiro early on 2014 (02/2014; BCI: 07/2013-08/2014) through a single event, after primary circulation in the Bahia state at the Northestern Brazil in the previous year. The observation that the ECSA genotype of CHIKV was circulating undetected underscores the need for improvements in molecular methods for viral surveillance.