bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Audit of An Intensive Care Unit of A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Acharya Subash Prasad , Bhattarai Adheesh , Bhattarai Binita 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: The patients with the most severe and life threatening illnesses requiring constant monitoring and support are admitted in the intensive care unit. Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital is the oldest and tertiary referral center hospital in the country with eleven-bedded level III mixed medical surgical ICU. This audit was performed to study the profile of critically ill patients under different headings like diagnosis at admission, primary specialty, outcome of the patients, etc.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was designed and all patients admitted to the intensive care unit of our center between 13 April 2017 and 13 April 2018 (1st Baisakh 2074 to 30th Chaitra 2074) were selected for this study.
Results: A total of 813 patients were admitted in TUTH ICU over a period of one year (2074 B.S.) with male patients being more common. Neurosurgical cases were most common at 199 (24.48 %), followed by respiratory cases at 149 (18.32%) and so on. The overall mortality was 246 (32.8%). The overall surgical cases were more common than medical cases with better outcomes.
Conclusions: This audit presents the profile of patients admitted in a tertiary level hospital in Nepal, their indications and mortality. The most common patients being admitted were Neurosurgical patients and the mortality was significantly higher compared to ICUs in developed countries.
Factors affecting labour productivity of construction worker on construction site: A case of Hanoi
Authors: Tam Nguyen Van , Huong Nguyen Lien , Ngoc Nguyen Bao 
Published: September 2018

Labour productivity of Vietnamese economy in general and of Vietnamese construction industry in particular is low in comparison with other countries. Boosting labour productivity is becoming an urgency and is attracting much attention from both domestic and foreign researchers. This paper focuses on a series of factors affecting labour productivity on construction site in Hanoi. The research aims to evaluate and rate the extent of impact of each factor to labour productivity. By referring to the outcomes of this study, Vietnamese construction contractors will be able to come up with workable solutions which will contribute towards a better performance of construction workers. On that basis, the productivity of construction firms and national economy will be improved correspondingly.
Keywords: productivity; labour productivity; factors affecting; construction worker.
The Philosophy of Kazimierz Twardowski: History and modern interpretation
Authors: Honcharenko Olha Anatoliivna 
Published: September 2018

The program of the Symposium «The Philosophy of Kazimierz Twardowski: History and modern interpretation» dedicated to 150th anniversary of Polish philosopher and teacher Kazimierz Twardowski’s birth has been highlighted. The Symposium was organized by K. Twardowski Philosophical Society of Lviv and the Institute of Philosophy of the University of Warsaw with the support of the Center for Urban History of East Central Europe.
The reports of participants have been reviewed and the events took place within the Symposium have been described.
Risk Factors and Prevention of Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis
Authors: Gadola Liliana , Poggi Carla , Dominguez Patricia , Poggio María V. , Lungo Eliana , Cardozo Claudia 
Published: September 2018

Background Peritonitis is a major complication and the main cause of peritoneal dialysis (PD) failure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate peritonitis risk factors and its prevention with a new peritoneal educational program (NPEP). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a cohort of chronic PD patients, older than 16 years, who began PD in the period 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2015 at a Uruguayan PD center, with follow-up until 31 December 2016. Results The population included 222 cases (219 patients, 128 men), median age 59 (interquartile range [IQR] 47.0 – 72.0) years, median time on PD 17.5 (IQR 6.0 – 36.2) months. Ninety-five patients suffered 1 or more episodes of peritonitis, and they had been on PD for a longer period and had nasal-positive culture more frequently. A NPEP started in September 2008; patients who trained with it, as well as younger patients, had longer peritonitis-free survival. After the NPEP, global peritonitis rates decreased significantly (from 0.48 to 0.29 episodes/patient-year, respectively), particularly gram-positive bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus / coagulase-negative (CoNS) (from 0.26 to 0.12 and 0.21 to 0.07 episodes/patient-year, respectively). In the multivariate Cox analysis of peritonitis risk factors, survival to first peritonitis was significantly associated only with age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.024, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.007 – 1.397, p = 0.007) and the NPEP (HR 0.600, 95% CI 0.394 – 0.913, p = 0.017). Conclusion A multidisciplinary peritoneal educational program may improve peritonitis rates, independently of other risk factors.
Comparative cell biological study of in vitro antitumor and antimetastatic activity on melanoma cells of GnRH-III-containing conjugates modified with short-chain fatty acids
Authors: Lajkó Eszter , Spring Sarah , Hegedüs Rózsa , Biri-Kovács Beáta , Ingebrandt Sven , Mező Gábor , Kőhidai László 
Published: September 2018

Background:Peptide hormone-based targeted tumor therapy is an approved strategy to selectively block the tumor growth and spreading. The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R) overexpressed on different tumors (e.g., melanoma) could be utilized for drug-targeting by application of a GnRH analog as a carrier to deliver a covalently linked chemotherapeutic drug directly to the tumor cells. In this study our aim was (i) to analyze the effects of GnRH-drug conjugates on melanoma cell proliferation, adhesion and migration, (ii) to study the mechanisms of tumor cell responses, and (iii) to compare the activities of conjugates with the free drug.Results:In the tested conjugates, daunorubicin (Dau) was coupled to8Lys of GnRH-III (GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa)) or its derivatives modified with4Lys acylated with short-chain fatty acids (acetyl group in [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and butyryl group in [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa)). The uptake of conjugates by A2058 melanoma model cells proved to be time dependent. Impedance-based proliferation measurements with xCELLigence SP system showed that all conjugates elicited irreversible tumor growth inhibitory effects mediated via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling. GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) were shown to be blockers of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, while [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) rather induced apoptosis. In short-term, the melanoma cell adhesion was significantly increased by all the tested conjugates. The modification of the GnRH-III in position 4 was accompanied by an increased cellular uptake, higher cytotoxic and cell adhesion inducer activity. By studying the cell movement of A2058 cells with a holographic microscope, it was found that the migratory behavior of melanoma cells was increased by [4Lys(Ac)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa), while the GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) and [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) decreased this activity.Conclusion:Internalization and cytotoxicity of the conjugates showed that GnRH-III peptides could guard Dau to melanoma cells and promote antitumor activity. [4Lys(Bu)]-GnRH-III(Dau=Aoa) possessing the butyryl side chain acting as a “second drug” proved to be the best candidate for targeted tumor therapy due to its cytotoxicity and immobilizing effect on tumor cell spreading. The applicability of impedimetry and holographic phase imaging for characterizing cancer cell behavior and effects of targeted chemotherapeutics with small structural differences (e.g., length of the side chain in4Lys) was also clearly suggested.
A Fallback Accretion Model for the Unusual Type II-P Supernova iPTF14hls
Authors: Wang L. J. , Wang X. F. , Wang S. Q. , Dai Z. G. , Liu L. D. , Song L. M. , Rui L. M. , Cano Z. , Li B. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory reported the discovery of an unusual type II-P supernova iPTF14hls. Instead of an ∼100 day plateau as observed for ordinary type II-P supernovae, the light curve of iPTF14hls has at least five distinct peaks, followed by a steep decline at ∼1000 days since discovery. Until 500 days since discovery, the effective temperature of iPTF14hls is roughly constant at 5000–6000 K. In this paper, we propose that iPTF14hls is likely powered by intermittent fallback accretion. It is found that the light curve of iPTF14hls can be well fit by the usual t
−5/3 accretion law until ∼1000 days post discovery when the light curve transitions to a steep decline. To account for this steep decline, we suggest a power-law density profile for the late accreted material, rather than the constant profile as appropriated for the t
−5/3 accretion law. Detailed modeling indicates that the total fallback mass is ∼0.2 M
⊙, with an ejecta mass M
ej ≃ 21 M
⊙. We find the third peak of the light curve cannot be well fit by the fallback model, indicating that there could be some extra rapid energy injection. We suggest that this extra energy injection may be a result of a magnetic outburst if the central object is a neutron star. These results indicate that the progenitor of iPTF14hls could be a massive red supergiant.
Measuring Radial Orbit Migration in the Galactic Disk
Authors: Frankel Neige , Rix Hans-Walter , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Ness Melissa , Hogg David W. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We develop and apply a model to quantify the global efficiency of radial orbit migration among stars in the Milky Way disk. This model parameterizes the possible star formation and enrichment histories and radial birth profiles, and combines them with a migration model that relates present-day orbital radii to birth radii through a Gaussian probability, broadening with age τ as

. Guided by observations, we assume that stars are born with an initially tight age–metallicity relation at given radius, which becomes subsequently scrambled by radial orbit migration, thereby providing a direct observational constraint on radial orbit migration strength

. We fit this model with Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling of the observed age–metallicity distribution of low-α red clump stars with Galactocentric radii between 5 and 14 kpc from APOGEE DR12, sidestepping the complex spatial selection function and accounting for the considerable age uncertainties. This simple model reproduces the observed data well, and we find a global (in radius and time) radial orbit migration efficiency in the Milky Way of

= 3.6 ± 0.1 kpc when marginalizing over all other aspects of the model. This shows that radial orbit migration in the Milky Way’s main disk is indeed rather strong, in line with theoretical expectations: stars migrate by about a half-mass radius over the age of the disk. The model finds the Sun’s birth radius at ∼5.2 kpc. If such strong radial orbit migration is typical, this mechanism indeed plays an important role in setting the structural regularity of disk galaxies.
Implications of a Loop-top Origin for Microwave, Hard X-Ray, and Low-energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Behind-the-limb Flares
Authors: Petrosian Vahé 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Fermi has detected hard X-ray (HXR) and gamma-ray photons from three flares, which according to STEREO occurred in active regions behind the limb of the Sun as delineated by near-Earth instruments. For two of these flares, RHESSI has provided HXR images with sources located just above the limb, presumably from the loop-top (LT) region of a relatively large loop. Fermi-GBM has detected HXRs and gamma-rays, and the Radio Solar Telescope Network has detected microwave emissions with similar light curves. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of these multiwavelength observations assuming that HXRs and microwaves are produced by electrons accelerated at the LT source, with emphasis on the importance of the proper treatment of particle escape from the acceleration-source region and the transrelativistic nature of the analysis. The observed spectra are used to determine the magnetic field and relativistic electron spectra. It is found that a simple power law in momentum (with a cutoff above a few 100 MeV) agrees with all observations, but in energy space, a broken power-law spectrum (steepening at ∼mc
2) may be required. It is also shown that the production of the >100 MeV photons detected by Fermi-LAT at the LT source would require more energy than photospheric emission. These energies are lower than that required for electrons, so that the possibility that all the emissions originate in the LT cannot be ruled out on energetic grounds. However, the differences in the light curves and emission centroids of HXRs and >100 MeV gamma-rays favor a different source for the latter.
An Updated Catalog of Giant Radio Sources
Authors: Kuźmicz Agnieszka , Jamrozy Marek , Bronarska Katarzyna , Janda-Boczar Katarzyna , Saikia D. J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present a catalog of 349 giant radio sources (GRSs including both galaxies and quasars). The database contains all giants known to date from the literature. These GRSs cover the redshift range of 0.016 < z < 3.22 and include radio sources of projected linear sizes larger than 0.7 Mpc, which extend up to 4.7 Mpc. We provide the principal parameters (i.e., exact position of the host in the sky, redshift, angular and projected linear size, red optical magnitude, radio morphology type, total radio flux density, and luminosity) for all the sources, as well as characteristics of the sample. Based on the distribution of GRSs in the sky, we identify regions where there is a paucity of giants, so that future surveys for this type of objects could concentrate primarily in these fields. From the analysis presented here, we estimate a lower limit for the expected number of GRSs as about 2000, for the resolution and sensitivity limits of FIRST, NRAO VLA Sky Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey surveys. Compared with earlier compilations, there is a significant increase in the number of large giants with sizes >2 Mpc, as well as those at high redshifts with z > 1. We discuss aspects of their evolution and suggest that these are consistent with evolutionary models.
Sociologie de l’enfance et sociologie de l’éducation : va-et-vient
Authors: Sirota Régine 
Published: September 2018

Éducation et Sociétés a toujours alterné des dossiers qui revisitent des problématiques classiques et des dossiers sur des questions émergentes. Les numéros deux et trois ont été consacrés à la sociologie de l’enfance. Ce thème s’inscrivait dans les objectifs de la revue qui souhaitait distinguer socialisation et scolarisation. Ce domaine s’est depuis beaucoup développé et a pris son autonomie. Un entretien avec Régine Sirota, qui avait coordonné ce dossier, permet aujourd’hui de retracer ce cheminement : affirmation de problématiques scientifiques, constitution d’une légitimité dans le milieu universitaire, reconnaissance d’une expertise dans le domaine politique. Pour faire apparaître les spécificités de ce questionnement, il était nécessaire de mettre alors provisoirement entre parenthèses les rapports de classe. Ce débat réapparaît aujourd’hui dans les perspectives d’intersectionnalité qui étudient la manière dont les personnes construisent leur identité dans un cadre qui juxtapose les inégalités sociales classiques et les discriminations liées aux origines ethniques, aux traditions culturelles et religieuses.
Les relations entre l’emploi salarié et les interruptions d’études à l’université
Authors: Béduwé Catherine , Berthaud Julien , Giret Jean-François , Solaux Georges 
Published: September 2018

L’activité salariée en cours d’études apparaît parfois comme un facteur explicatif de l’abandon des études universitaires. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet est ici confrontée aux analyses quantitatives et qualitatives menées à partir de données longitudinales issues de l’enquête Conditions de vie 2013 et d’une postenquête réalisée un an plus tard. Cette comparaison permet d’appréhender les évolutions dans le recours à l’activité salariée en parallèle des études et ses conséquences sur la poursuite d’études, tout en soulignant la complexité des trajectoires étudiantes.
Les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles : comment concilier compétitivité internationale et proximité démocratique ?
Authors: Dutercq Yves , Masy James 
Published: September 2018

Les classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles et leurs conditions d’accès constituent un objet de recherche interrogeant directement le principe méritocratique du système français d’éducation et de formation. Or, malgré une série de réformes visant à soutenir leur développement sur l’ensemble du territoire français et à élargir socialement leur recrutement, leur démocratisation reste limitée. Elle se heurte en effet à un ensemble de freins : disparité territoriale de l’offre, défaut d’information et d’aspiration, manque de volontarisme politique. Ces réformes, naviguant entre raison et justice conduisent à une segmentation de plus en plus marquée entre CPGE d’excellence, à vocation internationale et réseau long, et CPGE de proximité, à vocation locale et réseau court.
Note de conjoncture. Autonomie des établissements et justice en éducation : le débat intellectuel et politique sur l’autonomie des établissements scolaires
Authors: Frajerman Laurent 
Published: September 2018

L’autonomie des établissements longtemps au centre des débats a porté de grands espoirs : elle devait permettre une adaptation de l’enseignement aux conditions locales qui rendent plus concrètes les promesses d’égalité. Elle connaît aujourd’hui un incontestable reflux et même une situation paradoxale : les orientations internationales continuent à préconiser la diversification de l’offre d’éducation et l’autonomie locale, mais les administrations centrales s’appuient sur les risques de dérive marchande ou communautariste pour développer des systèmes d’encadrement de plus en plus contraignants. Cet état des lieux est présenté sous deux formes. Une note de conjoncture sur l’actualité de la recherche qui ne permet pas d’établir un lien entre l’autonomie des établissements et la réduction des inégalités. Un entretien avec deux des principaux responsables syndicaux français : Frédérique Rollet est secrétaire générale du principal syndicat enseignant et Philippe Tournier représente le principal syndicat des personnels d’encadrement (chefs d’établissement, inspecteurs...). Tous deux approchent avec prudence la notion d’autonomie et restent attachés à une gouvernance d’État, mais convergent sur le principe de responsabilité : dans le cadre défini par les principes nationaux, les établissements constituent des lieux où la confrontation de l’expérience des acteurs peut contribuer à la construction d’une intelligence collective.
Pour le bien de l’élève. La production du consentement parental dans l’entretien enseignants-parents en milieu défavorisé
Authors: Deshayes Fabien , Payet Jean-Paul , Pelhate Julie , Rufin Diane 
Published: September 2018

Dans le système scolaire genevois, le traitement des difficultés scolaires se caractérise par sa progressivité et un repérage précoce. Il implique régulièrement l’externalisation des solutions vers des dispositifs médico-psychopédagogiques. En milieu défavorisé, ce recours est d’autant plus fréquent que beaucoup de familles sont jugées incapables de participer à l’amélioration des résultats de l’enfant. Dès lors, le rôle des enseignants consiste à convaincre les parents des problèmes de leur enfant et à leur faire accepter leurs constats et les solutions institutionnelles proposées, au nom de l’intérêt de l’élève. À partir de l’observation d’un grand nombre d’entretiens parents-enseignantes dans des environnements défavorisés (n = 150), l’article montre que ce dispositif, présenté publiquement comme un lieu de coopération entre l’école et les familles, s’avère aussi être un espace de production du consentement parental.
Genèse et essor de la culture de l’information au sein du système éducatif français. Vingt ans après, où en est-on ?
Authors: Liquète Vincent 
Published: September 2018

Avec l’essor de la société de l’information, de nombreux chercheurs dans et hors l’espace francophone ont posé la question de la mise en œuvre de politiques de formation à l’information et de la mise en place d’une culture de l’information au moins dans le second degré. Qu’en est-il une vingtaine d’années plus tard au-delà des intentions de départ ? Quelles conceptions de la culture et de l’information ont-elles été privilégiées par le système éducatif français ? Sur quelles appréhensions des apprentissages, des savoirs et des activités, la culture de l’information s’est-elle construite dans les environnements technologiques et numériques émergents ? Le propos s’appuie notamment sur une recherche soutenue par l’ANR française sur l’analyse des translittératies informationnelles.
A Cross-Sectional Survey of British Newly Graduated Nurses' Experience of Organization Empowerment and of Challenging Unsafe Practices
Authors: Mansour Mansour , Mattukoyya Roslyn 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Newly graduated nurses perceive the transition into their new professional role as highly stressful, which may affect their organizational empowerment and assertive communication skills. This study examined newly graduated nurses' perceived level of organizational empowerment, as well as their perceived assertive communication skills, in given hypothetical scenarios.

Method:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 84 newly graduated nurses in four hospitals in eastern England. The study took place between 2015 to 2016.

Results:
Fifty-one nurses completed the survey, for a 61% response rate. The participants reported a moderate level of organizational empowerment but a high level of perceived assertive communication skills. A statistically significant correlation was found between the participants' total empowerment average score and their average score on the given hypothetical speaking up scenarios.

Conclusion:
The findings underscore the importance of empowering newly graduated nurses in their work settings and its association with consolidating their assertive communication behavior.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(10):474–481.