bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turbine entrainment and passage of potadromous fish through hydropower dams: Developing conceptual frameworks and metrics for moving beyond turbine passage mortality
Authors: Harrison Philip M. , Martins Eduardo G. , Algera Dirk A. , Rytwinski Trina , Mossop Brent , Leake Alf J. , Power Michael , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPotadromous fishes are vulnerable to involuntary entrainment through hydropower turbines. However, turbines can also provide a downstream passage route for potadromous fish. Here, we review evidence for turbine entrainment and passage in potadromous fish, and evaluate the effects of these processes on upstream and downstream populations. We develop conceptual frameworks and metrics to quantify vulnerability to turbine entrainment removals, and to quantify the efficiency of turbines as a downstream passage route. We highlight factors that influence these processes and provide case‐studies demonstrating their applicability. We found that juvenile potadromous fish are being entrained through turbines at rates high enough to impact upstream populations. Given that juvenile passage survival is often high, we argue that turbines provide an important downstream passage route for potadromous fish. We show that entrainment vulnerability is likely a function of interactions between in‐reservoir fish behaviour, habitat configuration and operations and thus not well captured by passage mortality estimates. Similarly, we show that while passage mortality can limit downstream passage efficiency, passage success is also dependent on reservoir and forebay navigation, along with survival and fitness in the downstream river. We advocate for a shift in focus away from estimates of passage mortality and injury, which have previously accounted for the majority of turbine passage research. Instead, we recommend an approach that focusses on quantification of the factors that influence downstream passage efficiency and entrainment vulnerability. Moreover, we highlight the need to better understand the broader scale impacts of these events on upstream and downstream populations.
Managing the fishery commons at Marseille: How a medieval institution failed to accommodate change in an age of globalization
Authors: Grisel Florian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper offers a socio‐historical study of the Prud'homie de pêche (the “Prud'homie”), a common‐pool institution (“CPI”) that has managed the fishery commons at Marseille since the Middle Ages. The evidence presented here sheds light on specific challenges faced by the Prud'homie during the early stages of globalization: one challenge is the import of a new fishing technique (the madrague) in the early 17th century, and another challenge is the arrival of migrant fishermen from Catalonia throughout the 18th century. On this basis, this paper explores the ways in which globalization has impacted the Prud'homie and identifies the mechanisms through which these challenges might threaten the functioning of CPIs.
Analysis of the effect of structural defects on the fatigue strength of RFSSW joints using C‐scan scanning acoustic microscopy and SEM
Authors: Kubit Andrzej , Trzepiecinski Tomasz , Faes Koen , Drabczyk Mateusz , Bochnowski Wojciech , Korzeniowski Marcin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSolid‐state refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) technology offers significant benefits in the fabrication of aluminium structures in the transport and aerospace industries. In this paper, the joining of 1.6‐mm‐thick Alclad 7075‐T6 aluminium alloy sheets is investigated. High‐cycle fatigue strength tests of single‐lap welded joints were carried out on an Instron E10000 testing machine with a limited number of cycles equal to 2 × 106. The welding of overlap fatigue specimens was conducted using an RPS100 spot welder by Harms & Wende GmbH & Co KG. C‐mode scanning acoustic microscopy (C‐SAM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilised to evaluate the joint quality and characterise the microstructure. The paper discusses the effect of the maximum load force and defects (voids, hook, kissing bond, bonding ligament, etc) associated with the material flow in the weld on the failure mechanism. Insufficient plasticisation of sheet material and mixing of the material in the weld area are crucial defects that influence the number of destructive cycles. The weld defects in the joint structure are a source of a decrease in the fatigue life compared with the fatigue life of defect‐free welds. It was also found that RFSSW joint defects can be effectively detected by the nondestructive C‐SAM method.
Pockets of resistance: Response of arid‐land fish communities to climate, hydrology, and wildfire
Authors: Gido Keith B. , Propst David L. , Whitney James E. , Hedden Skyler C. , Turner Thomas F. , Pilger Tyler J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Disturbance regimes of arid regions throughout the world are changing along with global warming. Severity of drought associated with decreased stream discharge and increased frequency and intensity of wildfires are increasing in many of these systems. Combined, these factors can have potentially devastating effects on stream fish communities.

To quantify the response of fish communities to annual variation in climate, hydrology, and wildfire, we used long‐term and spatially extensive datasets from the Gila River drainage, NM, U.S.A. Additionally, we tracked the recovery of multiple fish communities within the study area following extreme drought and associated wildfires that occurred between 2011 and 2013.

Twenty‐nine years of monitoring at six sites, beginning in 1988, indicated that fish community richness and density were negatively associated with drought, as quantified by the Palmer Drought Severity Index. Ordination of fish species densities across these sites further suggested that native species were more sensitive to inter‐annual variation in climate than non‐native fishes.

The resistance and resilience of fishes to drought and ash flows following the most severe series of wildfires on record between 2011 and 2013 were highly variable across sites and species. The percent of common species that were able to resist a significant decline ranged from 0 to 70%, depending on location. As of 2017, all but two species (one native and one non‐native) had recovered at one or more sites.

Although we hypothesised that the response to wildfire and drought that occurred between 2011 and 2013 should vary with body size and species provenance (native or non‐native), this was not supported. Rather, resistance of fish communities to these events appeared to be driven primarily by spatial factors, such as intensity of disturbance, and resilience was driven by species ability to rapidly rebound from severely depressed numbers or immigrate from nearby refuge populations.

Current climate trends suggest an increase in the intensity of disturbance associated with wildfire and drought; thus, maintenance of native biodiversity should focus on preservation of habitat integrity and connectivity among habitats that allows for recolonisation of disturbed habitats.
Analytical Modeling of Well Design in Riverbank Filtration Systems
Authors: Mustafa Shaymaa , Darwish Mohamad , Bahar Arifah , Aziz Zainal Abdul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnalytical studies for well design adjacent to river banks are the most significant practical task in cases involving the efficiency of riverbank filtration systems. In times when high pollution of river water is joined with increasing water demand, it is necessary to design pumping wells near the river that provide acceptable amounts of river water with minimum contaminant concentrations. This will guarantee the quality and safety of drinking water supplies. This article develops an analytical solution based on the Green's function approach to solve an inverse problem: based on the required level of contaminant concentration and planned pumping time period, the shortest distance to the riverbank that has the maximum percentage of river water is determined. This model is developed in a confined and homogenous aquifer that is partially penetrated by the stream due to the existence of clogging layers. Initially, the analytical results obtained at different pumping times, rates and with different values of initial concentration are checked numerically using the MODFLOW software. Generally, the distance results obtained from the proposed model are acceptable. Then, the model is validated by data related to two pumping wells located at the first riverbank filtration pilot project conducted in Malaysia.
Early withdrawal and non‐withdrawal death in the months following hemodialysis initiation: A retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Roetker Nicholas S. , Gilbertson David T. , Liu Jiannong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Whether and how factors associated with elective hemodialysis withdrawal differ from those associated with non‐withdrawal death soon after maintenance hemodialysis initiation have not been well studied.Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed using USRDS data from 2011 to 2014. Patients were randomly categorized 2:1 into training and validation samples. Elective withdrawal deaths were identified using the Death Notification form. Multinomial logistic regression was used to fit a prediction model for three outcome categories (withdrawal, non‐withdrawal death, survival at 6 months) as a function of demographic, comorbidity, and functional status.Findings: The training sample comprised 80,284 hemodialysis patients. Mean age was 71.7 ± 11.4 years, 44.9% were female, 72.9% were white, and 22.8% were black. Within 6 months, 19.1% died, of whom 2099 (2.6%) withdrew and 13,223 (16.5%) died of a non‐withdrawal cause; 13.7% of all deaths were withdrawals. Baseline characteristics and event rates were similar among the 40,142 patients in the validation sample. The model was calibrated adequately and could discriminate moderately well between withdrawal and survival (area under ROC curve [AUC]: 0.77) and between non‐withdrawal death and survival (AUC: 0.73). However, discrimination between withdrawal and non‐withdrawal death was relatively low (AUC: 0.62). Older age and white, compared with non‐white, race were each associated with greater odds of death, and these associations were stronger for withdrawal than for non‐withdrawal death.Discussion: Advanced age and white, as opposed to black, race were most strongly associated with early elective hemodialysis withdrawal compared with non‐withdrawal death. However, it is difficult to differentiate between patients who will experience early withdrawal vs. non‐withdrawal death, as many factors are similarly associated with both outcomes.
Significance of bronchiolocentric fibrosis in patients with histopathological usual interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Tanizawa Kiminobu , Ley Brett , Vittinghoff Eric , Elicker Brett M , Henry Travis S , Wolters Paul J , Brownell Robert , Liu Shuo , Collard Harold R , Jones Kirk D 
Published: February 2019

AimsTo evaluate the clinical significance of bronchiolocentric fibrosis (BCF) in patients with a histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP).Methods and resultsTwo hundred and fifty‐two patients with pathological UIP pattern were identified. Two hundred and fifteen of these patients (215 of 252) had the multidisciplinary diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Prospectively defined clinical, radiological and pathological features (including BCF) were recorded, and peripheral blood MUC5B genotype and telomere length were measured. BCF was observed in 38% (96 of 252) of all patients and 33% (72 of 215) of IPF patients; its presence was associated with a non‐IPF diagnosis on multivariate analysis (odds ratio = 3.71, 95% confidence interval = 1.68–8.19). BCF was not significantly associated with environmental exposures, gastroesophageal reflux, cigarette smoking or radiological patterns. There was no significant association of BCF with MUC5B genotype or telomere length. BCF has no significant impact on survival time.ConclusionsMost patients with BCF and a histopathological pattern of UIP have IPF. However, this combined fibrotic pattern is associated with a non‐IPF multidisciplinary diagnosis, with approximately one‐quarter of these patients being diagnosed as chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia or unclassifiable interstitial fibrosis. The presence of BCF in these patients is not significantly associated with presumed clinical risk factors for bronchiolocentric involvement, radiological findings, MUC5B genotype, telomere length or survival time.
Home‐ranges of tropical Red‐capped Larks are influenced by breeding rather than vegetation, rainfall or invertebrate availability
Authors: Mwangi Joseph , Klaassen Raymond H. G. , Muchai Muchane , Tieleman B. Irene 
Published: February 2019

Home‐range studies have received considerable attention from ecologists but are greatly skewed towards the north temperate areas. Tropical areas offer an ideal setting to tease apart hypotheses about weather, food availability and social interactions as important factors influencing home‐range. In this study, we investigated home‐range and movement patterns of the tropical Red‐capped Lark Callandrella cineria, a year‐round breeding bird with a dynamic social structure. We tracked 56 individuals using radiotransmitters and colour‐ring readings over a 23‐month period. Our objective was to understand year‐round variation in home‐range size in the context of the highly aseasonal and unpredictable variation in weather and resources typical of many equatorial habitats, in addition to the birds’ changing social structure and year‐round breeding. The mean composite monthly home‐range of Red‐capped Larks was 58.0 ha, and the mean individual home‐range size was 19.9 ha, but this varied considerably between individuals. The total number of nests found per month (breeding intensity) best predicted home‐range size of non‐breeding birds, and of breeding and non‐breeding birds combined. We show for the first time that breeding intensity decreases the home‐range size of non‐breeding individuals. Our study also underlines the relevance of conducting more studies in aseasonal tropical areas in order to disentangle effects of weather, food availability and breeding that vary in parallel, peaking simultaneously in most seasonal areas.
Tailoring the multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 by co‐doping Er at Bi site with aliovalent Nb, Mn and Mo at Fe site
Authors: Divya Lakshmi S. , Shameem Banu I. B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSingle phase multiferroic undoped BiFeO3 notoriously suffers due to the poor spin–charge coupling resulting in limitations to device applications. The present work focuses on the tailoring of its multiferroic and magnetoelectric coupling properties by synthesizing multiferroic Bi0.95Er0.05Fe0.98TM0.02O3 (TM = Nb, Mn and Mo) ceramics. The ferroelectric, magnetic, current leakage measurements and magnetoelectric effect were investigated. XRD along with the Reitveld refinement results confirms that all the samples possess perovskite based rhombohedral structure and reveals that doping of (Er, Nb), (Er, Mn) and (Er, Mo) induced the crystallographic distortion in the BFO lattice and hence induced a variation in the bond lengths and bond angle. Dual doping significantly enhanced the electrical, magnetic properties and magnetoelectric coupling as compared to BiFeO3. Doping has lowered the leakage current by three to four orders compared to BFO. The lattice distortion, reduced leakage current and destruction of spin–cycloidal structure could be the origin for these improved features. The (Er, Nb) doped BiFeO3 yields enhanced ferroelectric character with the maximum polarization value of 0.46 µC/cm2, maximum ME coupling of 0.22 mV/cm at a magnetic field of 130 G, an improved magnetization with a remanance value of 0.0903 emu/g and the lowest leakage current density.
Sustainable Luxury Marketing: A Synthesis and Research Agenda
Authors: Athwal Navdeep , Wells Victoria K. , Carrigan Marylyn , Henninger Claudia E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSustainability has become a pervasive issue for the luxury sector, gaining traction with brand managers, scholars, policy‐makers, the media, and academia. The purpose of this paper is to examine the state of sustainable luxury research in marketing and consumer behaviour by critically reviewing and synthesizing the growing but fragmented body of scholarly work on sustainable‐luxury marketing. The paper critically assesses where, how and by whom research on sustainable luxury is being conducted, and it identifies gaps for future investigation. The paper reviews research published between 2007 and 2018 within major peer‐reviewed English‐language scholarly publications in business, marketing, ethics, fashion, food and tourism journals. The research is identified using the keywords sustainable luxury, green luxury, eco‐luxury and organic luxury. Three core themes emerge from this review: (1) consumer concerns and practices; (2) organizational concerns and practices; and (3) international and cross‐cultural issues. The review confirms that research on sustainable luxury is significantly underdeveloped. This paper provides the first critical and comprehensive assessment and categorization of the emergent literature streams on sustainable luxury. The authors argue for a broader, deeper and more critical research agenda on the relationship between sustainability and luxury. Potential avenues for future research on sustainable luxury are proposed, with calls for theoretical and cross‐cultural reflections that tackle broader systemic and institutional issues within the field.
Tainted portfolios: How impairment accounting rules restrict security sales
Authors: Cantrell Brett W. , Yust Christopher G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContrary to claims that fair value accounting exacerbated banks’ securities sales during the recent financial crisis, we present evidence that suggests – if anything – that the current impairment accounting rules served as a deterrent to selling. Specifically, because banks must provide evidence of their ‘intent and ability’ to hold securities with unrealized losses, there are strong incentives to reduce, rather than increase, security sales when market values decline to avoid ‘tainting’ their remaining securities portfolio. Validating this concern, we find that banks incur greater other‐than‐temporary impairment (OTTI) charges when they sell more securities. We then find that banks sell fewer securities when their security portfolios have larger unrealized losses (and thus larger potential impairment charges), and these results are concentrated in banks with homogenous securities portfolios, expert auditors, more experienced managers, and greater regulatory capital slack. Overall, our results suggest that – contrary to critics’ claims – the accounting rules appear to have reduced banks’ propensity to sell their securities during the financial crisis.
The Wage Penalty for Parental Caregiving: Has It Declined Over Time?
Authors: Glauber Rebecca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study analyzed differences in the wage penalty for parental caregiving between early Baby Boomers and the previous generation.BackgroundResearch has explored the association between parental caregiving and women's labor market outcomes, but few studies have conducted cross‐cohort analyses.MethodThis study used nationally representative data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and compared two cohorts of individuals aged 50 to 64. One cohort was born between 1931 and 1941, and the other was born between 1948 and 1953. The 1994 to 2012 waves of the HRS were pooled, and multivariate fixed effects regression models were used to estimate the associations among birth cohort, parental caregiving, and women's and men's log hourly wages.ResultsIntense parental caregiving was associated with a 4.8% reduction in women's wages. Baby Boom women did not fare better than their predecessors. Moreover, despite a substantial increase in Baby Boom men's parental care, the association between caregiving and their labor market outcomes was negligible. Similar to their predecessors, married and unmarried Baby Boom men did not pay wage penalties for parental caregiving.ConclusionThese results extend our understanding of the gendered life course and suggest that parental caregiving may contribute to older women's economic disadvantage.
How passionate individuals regulate their activity with other life domains: A goal‐systemic perspective
Authors: Bélanger Jocelyn J. , Schumpe Birga M. , Nisa Claudia F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivePeople that pursue a passionate activity obsessively (vs. harmoniously) tend to neglect (vs. integrate) other important life domains, yet research has been silent on the psychological mechanism explaining these differences in self‐regulation. The purpose of this research was to address this gap by testing the role of alternative goal suppression.MethodFour studies tested whether harmonious passion is characterized by the pursuit ofmultifinality, the preference for means that gratify multiple goals simultaneously, whereas obsessive passion is characterized by the pursuit ofcounterfinality, the preference for means that serves a focal goal to the detriment of other pursuits. Underlying this relationship is the tendency to suppress goals conflicting with one’s passion.ResultsStudy 1 found cross‐sectional support for these hypotheses. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by demonstrating that the relationship between obsessive passion and counterfinal means is mediated by alternative goal suppression. Study 3 replicated these findings using an experimental manipulation of passion. Study 4 found similar results by experimentally manipulating alternative goal suppression, the mediator, to demonstrate its causal influence on means evaluation.ConclusionsCollectively, the present results demonstrate that passion plays a significant role in the type of means–ends relations preferred for goal pursuits.
Division‐site localization of RodZ is required for efficient Z ring formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Yoshii Yusuke , Niki Hironori , Shiomi Daisuke 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBacteria such as Escherichia coli must coordinate cell elongation and cell division. Elongation is regulated by an elongasome complex containing MreB actin and the transmembrane protein RodZ, which regulates assembly of MreB, whereas division is regulated by a divisome complex containing FtsZ tubulin. These complexes were previously thought to function separately. However, MreB has been shown to directly interact with FtsZ to switch to cell division from cell elongation, indicating that these complexes collaborate to regulate both processes. Here, we investigated the role of RodZ in the regulation of cell division. RodZ localized to the division site in an FtsZ‐dependent manner. We also found that division‐site localization of MreB was dependent on RodZ. Formation of a Z ring was delayed by deletion of rodZ, suggesting that division‐site localization of RodZ facilitated the formation or stabilization of the Z ring during early cell division. Thus, RodZ functions to regulate MreB assembly during cell elongation and facilitates the formation of the Z ring during cell division in E. coli.