bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of enteroviruses in the production chain of organic lettuce in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Werneck Lucia M. C. , Baptista Marcia Leite , Miagostovich Marize P. , da Silva Edson Elias 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to survey the environmental dissemination of enterovirus (EV) in a site of organic lettuce situated in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For this purpose, a total of 96 environmental samples, including water and lettuce samples obtained in different stages of the production chain (e.g., irrigation water, seedlings, lettuces grown, and washed lettuces ready‐to‐eat), were analyzed. EV genomes were detected in 12.5% (12/96) of the tested samples (eight from irrigation water and 4 from lettuce samples). Levels of viral concentration ranged from 3.37 × 103 to 4.72 × 106 genomic copies per liter (gc L−1) and from 2.14 × 104 to 5.56 × 104 genome copies per 25 grams (gc 25 g−1) for the water and lettuce samples, respectively. Such findings suggest that the use of viruses as human fecal contamination markers must be considered in order to improve food safety in organic supply chains.
In Vitro Gut Metabolism of [U‐13C]‐Quinic Acid, The Other Hydrolysis Product of Chlorogenic Acid
Authors: Naranjo Pinta Martine , Montoliu Ivan , Aura Anna‐Marja , Seppänen‐Laakso Tuulikki , Barron Denis , Moco Sofia 
Published: August 2018

ScopeQuinic acid in its free form is broadly abundant in plants, and can accumulate in copious amounts in coffee, tea, and certain fruits. However, it has been mostly studied as chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic and quinic acids. When chlorogenic acid reaches the colon, it is hydrolyzed by microbial esterases releasing caffeic and quinic acids. While biotransformation of chlorogenic and caffeic acids have been elucidated by in vitro and in vivo studies, the gut metabolism of quinic acid has been so far overlooked.Methods and Results[U‐13C]‐Quinic acid is submitted to a colonic model using human fecal microbiota for assessing its metabolic fate. The metabolite profiles formed along microbial biotransformation are monitored by a combined metabolomics approach, using both 2D GC– and ultra‐HPLC–MS. Six metabolic intermediates are identified by incorporation of isotopic label.ConclusionTwo parallel degradation pathways could be proposed: (1) an oxidative route, leading to aromatization and accumulation of protocatechuic acid, and a (2) reductive route, including dehydroxylation to cyclohexane carboxylic acid. Elucidating the biotransformation of food bioactives by the gut microbiota is of relevance for understanding nutrition, interindividual variability and potential effects on human metabolism.
A Review of Approaches for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Regional River Habitat Restoration Programs
Authors: Roni Philip , Åberg Ulrika , Weber Christine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Large regional programs to restore riverine habitat for fish and aquatic organisms have become common throughout North America, Europe, and elsewhere. Evaluating the effectiveness of projects implemented under these programs—sometimes called programmatic monitoring and evaluation—has proven challenging, and little guidance exists on programmatic monitoring and evaluation approaches and their effectiveness. In this paper, we review different approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of river restoration projects implemented across a region. These programmatic monitoring and evaluation approaches include case studies, meta-analyses, multiple before–after control–impact (mBACI), extensive posttreatment (EPT), intensively monitored watersheds (IMWs), and hybrid programmatic approaches that use a combination of different experimental designs. For each approach, we discuss the pros and cons as well as provide examples. The most appropriate approach depends in part on the questions that the programmatic monitoring and evaluation strives to address, the spatial and temporal scale at which detection of a response is expected, and the scale of inference. Case studies and mBACI approaches can answer questions about individual projects but have several limitations in terms of cost, timely results, and feasibility. A meta-analysis, which can provide broadly applicable results, is dependent upon a large number of case studies being completed. The EPT approach can provide relatively quick and easy-to-interpret results, but it requires a large population of completed projects and careful selection of controls. The IMW approach has been broadly applied in western North America but has had limited success and appears to be tractable only in small catchments where restoration and monitoring can be well controlled. Based on results from recent efforts in the USA and Europe, the most feasible programmatic monitoring and evaluation approach in terms of cost, implementability, and production of timely results appears to be a hybrid approach that uses a combination of the EPT and mBACI approaches.
Influence of the Water/Titanium Alkoxide Ratio on the Morphology and Catalytic Activity of Titania–Nickel Composite Particles for the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Umegaki Tetsuo , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Xu Qiang , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work reports the influence of the water/titanium alkoxide ratio during the preparation of titania–nickel composite particles on their morphology and catalytic activity toward the hydrolysis of ammonia borane. The titania–nickel composite particle catalysts were fabricated by using a sol‐gel method, followed by an activation process in aqueous solution containing sodium borohydride and ammonia borane. From the scanning electron microscopy images and pore‐size distributions calculated from nitrogen sorption data, the particle dispersion was significantly enhanced at ratios above 6000, and increased with increasing water/titanium alkoxide ratio. Stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen were evolved in the presence of all of the prepared titania–nickel composite particle catalysts. The particle dispersion influenced the hydrogen evolution rate from aqueous ammonia borane solution, and the samples with the most highly dispersed particles showed the highest hydrogen evolution rate. The most active catalyst showed an apparent activation energy comparable to that of other reported catalysts and high cycle ability for the hydrolysis of ammonia borane.
Selected properties of polylactide containing natural antiaging compounds
Authors: Moraczewski Krzysztof , Stepczyńska Magdalena , Malinowski Rafał , Budner Bogusław , Karasiewicz Tomasz , Jagodziński Bartłomiej 
Published: August 2018

Polyphenols are a group of chemical compounds that have very good antiaging properties. Natural plant substances may be an excellent source of polyphenols. The paper presents study on polylactide containing from 0.5 to 10 wt% extracts of coffee, cocoa, or cinnamon. Preliminary investigations of antiaging properties of tested extracts were carried out. The selected mechanical and thermal properties have also been determined. The results indicate that tested extracts have good antiaging properties and do not adversely affect properties of polylactide. The obtained materials had similar or even better properties than a reference sample containing a commercial antiaging compound.
The effects of work–family interface on domain‐specific satisfaction and well‐being across nations: The moderating effects of individualistic culture and economic development
Authors: Xu Shan , Wang Yanling , Mu Ren , Jin Jiafei , Gao Feiyi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWork–family conflict (WFC) and work–family enrichment (WFE) have been shown to be important predictors of employees’ domain‐specific satisfaction and well‐being. In this meta‐analysis, we consider how the effects of WFC/WFE on various outcomes differ across different national cultures and economic settings. We hypothesized that WFC would have stronger effects on employees’ domain‐specific satisfaction and well‐being in high individualistic nations and economies with higher levels of economic development, whereas WFE would have stronger effects on employees’ domain‐specific satisfaction and well‐being in low individualistic nations and economies with lower levels of economic development. Results generally supported these hypotheses, suggesting that employees in more individualistic and more developed countries are more sensitive to how work interferes with family life, whereas employees in less individualistic and less developed countries are more sensitive to how work provides material, social, and cognitive resources that help in the fulfillment of family roles. Further research is needed exploring more detailed explanations for these differences and their implications for spillover theory and work–family practices in organizations.
A Bayesian hierarchal modeling approach to shortening phase I/II trials of anticancer drug combinations
Authors: Yada Shinjo , Hamada Chikuma 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn phase I/II anticancer drug‐combination trials, trial design to evaluate toxicity and efficacy has been studied by dividing the trial into 2 stages, followed by seamless execution of the 2 stages. In the first stage, admissible dose combinations in toxicity are identified, followed by patient assignment among the identified admissible dose combinations using adaptive randomization in the second stage. When patients are assigned using adaptive randomization, it is desirable to determine a more appropriate dose combination by taking into consideration both drug efficacy and toxicity; however, during the course of this determination and evaluation of toxicity and efficacy, there remains a concern that the trial duration might be prolonged. Therefore, we proposed a trial design to assign patients adaptively to more appropriate dose combinations in both toxicity and efficacy and to shorten trial duration without compromising trial performance. When selecting the dose combination for subsequent cohorts, unobserved data are treated as missing data, which are imputed using a data augmentation algorithm involving a gamma process. Probabilities associated with toxicity and efficacy are estimated applying a Bayesian hierarchical model to the imputed data, thereby allowing more patients to be assigned more appropriate dose combinations in both toxicity and efficacy through adaptive randomization. Results of simulation studies suggested that the proposed approach shortened trial duration without significantly compromising the performance of the trial as compared with existing approaches. We believe that the proposed approach will expedite drug development time and reduce costs associated with clinical development.
Loss of high‐mobility group N5 contributes to the promotion of human endometrial stromal cell decidualization
Authors: Kimura Machiko , Kajihara Takeshi , Mizuno Yumi , Sato Tomomi , Ishihara Osamu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeHigh‐mobility group N (HMGN) proteins are the only non‐histone proteins that specifically bind within the nucleosome between core histones and DNA. Among them, HMGN5 is one of the candidates that could participate in mouse endometrial decidualization; however, the specific role of HMGN5 remains to be clarified in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs).MethodsPrimary HESCs were isolated from hysterectomy specimens and incubated with or without 8‐bromo‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8‐br‐cAMP) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA).ResultsWe demonstrated that HMGN5 expression in decidualized HESCs stimulated by 8‐br‐cAMP and MPA decreased significantly. The inhibition of HMGN5 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced the major decidual marker genes expression, including IGFBP1 (insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 1) and PRL (prolactin). In addition, microRNA‐542‐3p (miR‐542‐3p), which was identified as a regulatory miRNA of IGFBP1 during decidualization, was significantly suppressed by HMGN5 siRNA. However, the expression of HMGN5 was not alternated by miR‐542‐3p overexpression.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the down‐regulation of HMGN5 plays a role in the promotion of human endometrial stromal decidualization and acts upstream of miR‐542‐3p.
Simplified approach to uncertainty of measurement in the clinical virology laboratory
Authors: Newman Howard , Tshisevhe Vhudzani 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMedical laboratories are required to ensure the quality of their diagnostic results. Quality assurance procedures include quality assessments (internal and external), quality controls (negative, positive, or internal controls), equipment monitoring, and audits. Quality control data may be used to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement. All clinical virology laboratories require a standard operating procedure detailing their consideration of uncertainty of measurement, as this parameter may impact on the overall quality of diagnostic results as well as the clinical interpretation thereof. This review aims to provide a simplified approach to the concept of uncertainty of measurement, specific for clinical virology laboratories.
Intravenous Infusion of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Phase Ia Clinical Trial
Authors: Park Eun Hye , Lim Hee-suk , Lee Seunghee , Roh Kyounghwan , Seo Kwang-Won , Kang Kyung-Sun , Shin Kichul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Based on immunomodulatory actions of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs), in vitro or preclinical studies of hUCB-MSCs have been conducted extensively in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, few human trials have investigated the outcomes of hUCB-MSC infusions. The CURE-iv trial was a phase I, uncontrolled, open label trial for RA patients with moderate disease activity despite treatment with methotrexate. The patients received a single intravenous infusion of 2.5 × 107, 5 × 107, or 1 × 108 cells of hUCB-MSCs for 30 minutes, three patients in each cluster, with an increment of cell numbers when there was no dose-limited adverse event. Clinical and safety assessments were performed during the study period, and serum cytokines were measured at baseline and 24 hours after the infusion. Out of 11 screened RA patients, 9 were enrolled. The participants were predominantly female (78%) and the mean age was 57.4 years. The mean disease duration was 9.5 years, and baseline 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28; using erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was 4.53. There was no major toxicity in all clusters up to 4 weeks after the infusion. Serum erythrocyte sedimentation rate changes at 4 weeks (n = 9) were −7.9 ± 10.4 (p = .0517) and DAS28 changes were −1.60 ± 1.57 (p = .0159). Reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α at 24 hours were observed in the cluster infused with 1 × 108 MSCs. This phase Ia hUCB-MSC infusion trial for established RA patients revealed no short-term safety concerns.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation vs Transfer Hydrogenation in the Reduction of Cyclic Imines
Authors: Facchetti Giorgio , Bucci Raffaella , Fusè Marco , Rimoldi Isabella 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA comparison between the two most common reduction approaches for obtaining chiral amines, asymmetric hydrogenation (AH) versus asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH), was accomplished by using iridium complexes based on atropoisomeric diphosphines and cyclic diamines as ligands respectively. Seven substrates, different in electronic and steric properties, were screened applying both reduction methods. For AH the best results in terms of enantioselectivity (e.e. up to 64%) were obtained by using [Ir(COD)(TetraMe‐BITIOP)]Cl in the presence of DCDMH as additive. ATH was carried out with [IrCp*(CAMPY)Cl]Cl as catalyst, allowing the obtainment of the products with appreciable e.e. (up to 76%).
Comparison of rest‐break interventions during a mentally demanding task
Authors: Blasche Gerhard , Szabo Barbara , Wagner‐Menghin Michaela , Ekmekcioglu Cem , Gollner Erwin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch is scarce on ways to enhance the effect of rest breaks during mentally demanding tasks. The present study investigated the effectiveness of two rest‐break interventions on well‐being during an academic lecture. Sixty‐six students (53 females, mean age 22.5 years) enrolled in two different university classes of 4‐hr duration participated in the study. Two measures of well‐being (fatigue and vigor) were assessed immediately before, after, and 20 minutes after the break. A control condition without a break as well as an unstructured break was compared with breaks either encompassing physical activity or a relaxation exercise. Compared with the nonbreak condition, the unstructured rest break led to an increase in vigor, the exercise break as well as the relaxation break both to an increase in vigor and a decrease in fatigue at 20‐min post break. Compared with the unstructured break, exercise led to an (additional) increase in vigor and relaxation to an (additional) decrease in fatigue at 20‐min post break. Thus, the effects of rest breaks during mentally demanding tasks can be enhanced by engaging in physical activity or relaxation exercises, with effects lasting at least as long as 20 min into the continuation of the task.
Nanofiber‐Directed Anisotropic Self‐Assembly of CdSe–CdS Quantum Rods for Linearly Polarized Light Emission Evidenced by Quantum Rod Orientation Microscopy
Authors: Chakrabarty Arkajyoti , Raffy Guillaume , Maity Mitasree , Gartzia‐Rivero Leire , Marre Samuel , Aymonier Cyril , Maitra Uday , Del Guerzo André 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHybrid soft materials composed of CdSe–CdS nanorods or “quantum rods” (QRs) and the fluorescent 2,3‐didecyloxyanthracene (DDOA) low molecular weight organogelator are obtained through self‐assembly. Spectroscopy, microscopy, and rheology studies show that the QRs and DDOA coassemble, thereby stabilizing the organogels. Depending on the QR load and excitation wavelength, single nanofibers (NFs) of the hybrid gel display either sharp polarized red luminescence (under green excitation), or dual perpendicularly polarized blue and red emissions (under UV excitation). Transmission electron microscopy, microspectroscopy, and quantum rod orientation microscopy (QROM) reveal that QRs align along the organogel NFs with order parameters reaching 76% and 87%. This paves the way for obtaining surfaces of QR/NF assemblies yielding sharp red linearly polarized emission. In addition, this work demonstrates that QRs can be used more generally to probe nanostructured soft materials, even nonemissive ones. QROM allows to establish maps of the orientation of single QRs dispersed onto or within a gel network by measuring the polarization of the emission of the individual QRs. As occurs within this work in which QRs and NFs interact, the orientation of each QR reveals information on the underlying nanostructure (such as surface striation, bundle formation, and helicity).
Taxonomy‐based testing and validation of a new defect classification for health software
Authors: Rajaram Hamsini Ketheswarasarma , Loane John , MacMahon Silvana Togneri , Mc Caffery Fergal 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDefect‐based testing is a powerful tool for finding errors in software. Many software manufacturers avoid this method because it requires a detailed defect taxonomy that is expensive to construct and difficult to validate. The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation is developing SW91, a defect taxonomy to be published as a standard for health software. This paper details three methods to validate SW91 for its comprehensiveness. The initial validations of SW91 were conducted via mapping vulnerabilities from the common weakness enumeration and a dataset from a medical device software development company in Ireland. Taxonomy‐based testing is another validation method proposed in this research, and its applicability was investigated using empirical data from a medical device software development company in Ireland. Finally, the paper details future plans to implement taxonomy‐based testing to improve software quality in medical device software and to validate SW91. This validation will focus on the efficiency, reliability, and ability to perform useful analyses and defect coverage of SW91.
A hybrid approach to testing for nonfunctional faults in embedded systems using genetic algorithms
Authors: Yu Tingting , Srisa‐an Witawas , Cohen Myra B. , Rothermel Gregg 
Published: August 2018

SummaryEmbedded systems are challenging to program correctly, because they use an interrupt‐driven programming paradigm and run in resource‐constrained environments. This leads to various classes of nonfunctional faults that can be detected only by customized verification techniques. These nonfunctional faults are specifically related to usage of resources such as time and memory. For example, the presence of interrupts can induce delays in interrupt servicing and in system execution time. Such delays can occur when multiple interrupt service routines and interrupts of different priorities compete for resources on a given CPU. As another example, stack overflows are caused when the combination of active methods and interrupt invocations on the stack grows too large, and these can lead to data loss and other significant device failures. To detect these types of nonfunctional faults, developers need to estimate worst‐case resource usage. Most existing approaches for calculating such estimates are based on static analysis; however, these have a tendency to overapproximate the resources needed. Dynamic techniques such as random testing, in contrast, often underapproximate resource usage. In this article, we present SimEspresso, a framework that uses a combination of static analysis and a test case generation algorithm to estimate worst‐case resource usage. There are three different worst‐case resource usage scenarios that we consider: (1) worst‐case execution times, (2) worst‐case interrupt latencies, and (3) worst‐case stack usage. SimEspresso first uses static analysis to identify program paths and interrupt interleavings that potentially lead to worst‐case scenarios. It then uses a genetic algorithm to generate test cases that guide program execution down these paths, using these particular interrupt interleavings. We performed an empirical study to evaluate the effectiveness of SimEspresso; our results show that SimEspresso is more effective than static analysis approaches and improves significantly over the state of the art dynamic technique, random test case generation. We also find that when we use only the genetic algorithm, omitting the static analysis, SimEspresso performs almost as effectively, but takes significantly longer to complete its task.