bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological classification of critical points for hairy black holes in Lovelock gravity
Authors: Zhang Meng-Yao , Zhou Hou-You , Chen Hao , Hassanabadi Hassan , Long Zheng-Wen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In various fields of mathematical research, the Brouwer degree is a potent tool for topological analysis. By using the Brouwer degree defined in one-dimensional space, we interpret the equation of state for temperature in black hole thermodynamics,

$$T=T(V,x_i)$$

T
=
T
(
V
,

x
i

)

, as a spinodal curve, with its derivative defining a new function f. The sign of the slope of f indicates the topological charge of the black hole’s critical points, and the total topological charge can be deduced from the asymptotic behavior of the function f. We analyze a spherical hairy black hole within the framework of Lovelock gravity, paying particular attention to the topological structure of black hole thermodynamics under Gauss–Bonnet gravity. Here, the sign of the scalar hair parameter influences the topological classification of uncharged black holes. When exploring the thermodynamic topological properties of hairy black holes under cubic Lovelock gravity, we find that the spherical hairy black hole reproduces the thermodynamic topological classification results seen under Gauss–Bonnet gravity.
Distinguishing black holes with and without spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss–Bonnet theories via optical features
Authors: Wang Xi-Jing , Meng Yuan , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Liao Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Spontaneous scalarization in Einstein-scalar-Gauss–Bonnet theory admits both vacuum-general relativity (GR) and scalarized hairy black holes as valid solutions, which provides a distinctive signature of new physics in strong gravity regime. In this paper, we shall examine the optical features of Gauss–Bonnet black holes with spontaneous scalarization, which is governed by the coupling parameter

$$\lambda $$

λ

. We find that the photon sphere, critical impact parameter and innermost stable circular orbit all decrease as the increasing of

$$\lambda $$

λ

. Using observable data from Event Horizon Telescope, we establish the upper limit for

$$\lambda $$

λ

. Then we construct the optical appearances of the scalarized black holes illuminated by various thin accretions. Our findings reveal that the scalarized black holes consistently exhibit smaller shadow sizes and reduced brightness compared to Schwarzschild black holes. Notably, in the case of thin spherical accretion, the shadow of the scalarized black hole is smaller, but the surrounding bright ring is more pronounced. Our results highlight the observable features of the scalarized black holes, providing a distinguishable probe from their counterpart in GR in strong gravity regime.
The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion of thermal equilibrium in scalar–tensor gravity
Authors: Karolinski Numa , Faraoni Valerio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Tolman–Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar–tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the effective gravitational coupling, does not play a role in determining thermal equilibrium. As a result, heat does not sink more in a gravitational field where gravity is stronger.
Brain changes following subchronic exposure to copper oxide nanoparticles: animal experimental data analysis
Authors: Sutunkova Marina P. , Minigalieva Ilzira A. , Shelomentsev Ivan G. , Sakhautdinova Renata R. , Minigalieva Regina F. , Sutunkova Yuliya M. , Nikogoysan Karen M. , Petrov Evgeny Y. , Toropova Liubov V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the health effects of (copper oxide nanparticles) CuO NPs on the brain structure and function in rats. Morphology results showed that the number of axons with the damaged myelin sheath in basal ganglia and the proportion of pathologically altered mitochondria in olfactory bulbs and basal ganglia had increased, while the concentration of myelin basic protein in blood serum remained unchanged. We also have observed the lower body weight gain, signs of hemolytic anemia, an increased platelet count, reduced locomotion and exploratory activity. We propose that the central nervous system and haematopoiesis are the targets for toxicity of CuO NPs administered intranasally during six weeks at the total dose of 0.45 mg/kg body weight.
Analysis of frontier hot spots in teaching and research of internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine in recent 20 years based on CNKI
Authors: Gao Zhen , Yalikun Maimaititusun , Zhang Hongying , Dong Jingcheng 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To understand the research status and hot topics of internal medicine teaching in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in recent 20 years. Methods: The relevant literature on the teaching of Chinese Internal Medicine in the past 20 years (2004–2023) was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the authors, institutions, and keywords were co-occurred and/or cluster analysis by using CiteSpace6.2.R7 and VOSviewer1.6.20 software. Results: A total of 1117 journal articles were included, showing an overall upward trend. The journal with the most published articles is “Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China”, the author is Xiao Yonghua of Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, and the research institution is Henan University of Chinese Medicine, with few cross-team and cross-institutional studies. Keywords “teaching method”, “teaching reform”, “problem-based learning”, “case teaching”, and “clinical teaching” are the research hotspots. “Flipped classroom” and “presentation assimilation discussion” in teaching methods, as well as “curriculum ideology and politics” and “talent cultivation” are possible research directions. Conclusion: Teaching method and teaching reform are the research hotspots of internal medicine teaching in TCM, and the research frontier is the refinement of teaching method, that is, flipped classroom and presentation assimilation discussion, as well as curriculum ideology and politics. However, there is a lack of large sample and multi-center studies.
Improving Availability in a Robotic Application without Loss of Safety
Authors: Rincon Gema , Nicolas Carlos-F. , Poggi Tomaso 
Published: December 2024

In our automated and industrialized world, ensuring safety in human-robot interaction is essential, a complex engineering task especially in dynamic environments. The widespread adoption of collaborative and autonomous robots across various sectors underscores the critical need for robust safety measures.
This article examines the current state of safety in collaborative robotics and proposes a strategy for assessing the safety of the robot task against the indications of existing standards. If the task is not considered safe in the current environment, a new task is sought for the robot, which increases its availability. These addresses dynamic environments where robots and humans coexist, allowing the autonomous robot to make task decisions based on safety considerations.
Critical Minerals
Authors: Reich Martin , Simon Adam C. 
Published: December 2024

Critical minerals are essential for sustaining the supply chain necessary for the transition to a carbon-free energy source for society. Copper, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements are particularly in demand for batteries and high-performance magnets used in low-carbon technologies. Copper, predominantly sourced from porphyry deposits, is critical for electricity generation, storage, and distribution. Nickel, which comes from laterite and magmatic sulfide deposits, and cobalt, often a by-product of nickel or copper mining, are core components of batteries that power electric vehicles. Lithium, sourced from pegmatite deposits and continental brines, is another key battery component. Rare earth elements, primarily obtained from carbonatite- and regolith-hosted ion-adsorption deposits, have unique magnetic properties that are key for motor efficiency. Future demand for these elements is expected to increase significantly over the next decades, potentially outpacing expected mine production. Therefore, to ensure a successful energy transition, efforts must prioritize addressing substantial challenges in the supply of critical minerals, particularly the delays in exploring and mining new resources to meet growing demands.

▪
The energy transition relies on green technologies needing a secure, sustainable supply of critical minerals sourced from ore deposits worldwide.

▪
Copper, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements are geologically restricted in occurrence, posing challenges for extraction and availability.

▪
Future demand is expected to surge in the next decades, requiring unprecedented production rates to make the green energy transition viable.
Unmasking Vitamin B12 Deficiency Misdiagnosed as Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Jamil Maria , Nasser Zeinab , Jamil Dawood , Sheqwara Jawad Z. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Pancytopenia is characterized by a decrease in all three types of blood cells. Instead of being a standalone disease, it acts as a common outcome resulting from various factors, including infections, autoimmune disorders, genetic issues, nutritional deficiencies, and malignancies. Pinpointing the root cause of pancytopenia poses a challenge but is essential for devising an effective treatment plan and predicting the likely prognosis. Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common cause of megaloblastic anemia, pancytopenia, and various neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, diagnosing vitamin B12 deficiency lacks a definitive gold standard.Case Presentation: We present two cases where patients initially exhibited pancytopenia with seemingly normal vitamin B12 levels. Based on a bone marrow biopsy, they were initially diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Subsequent investigations revealed elevated serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels, leading to a revised diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Both patients showed positive responses to adequate vitamin B12 supplementation.Conclusion: Our case series highlights the importance of ruling out alternative causes of dysplasia in MDS when solely morphological abnormalities are observed on a bone marrow biopsy. It also underscores the crucial aspect of assessing MMA and homocysteine levels in individuals with normal vitamin B12 levels when there is a high clinical suspicion of B12 deficiency.
Exploring the Impact of Biological Agents on Protecting Against Experimental Periodontitis: A Systematic Review of Animal‐Based Studies
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Ezequiel , da Silva Barbirato Davi , de Menezes Bruna Silva , Fuly Milenna Silva , Pelegrine Henrique Cassebe Ledo , Bonilha Debora Caliendo , de Alencar Julia Gabrielle Pereira , Theodoro Leticia Helena , de Molon Rafael Scaf 
Published: December 2024

Aim: This systematic review was aimed at addressing the focused question: What is the protective potential of biological agents against alveolar bone resorption during the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP)?Material and Methods: The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework database (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/3P2HY). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of preclinical studies in animal models of EP that examined the effects of biological agents on preventing periodontal bone loss and reducing tissue inflammation. Studies were excluded if they (i) used non‐EP animal models; (ii) focused on antimicrobial agents; (iii) centered on prebiotics or probiotics; (iv) evaluated compounds not classified as biologicals; or (v) included randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, or reviews. Eligibility was determined based on the PI/ECOs framework, and study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk‐of‐bias tool.Results: After screening an initial pool of 5236 records from databases, registries, and hand searches, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 23 biological agents were evaluated across these studies. The majority of studies employed the ligature‐induced model of EP to test the effectiveness of biologicals as preventive or therapeutic interventions. The dosage of biological agents and the duration of disease induction varied depending on the EP model. In all studies, the main outcome—alveolar bone loss, a hallmark of EP—was significantly inhibited by biological agents, which also reduced proinflammatory mediators when compared to untreated controls. A key strength of this review is the high number of studies included, most of which were classified as having low risk of bias. However, a notable limitation is the absence of a meta‐analysis, the short follow‐up periods in the included studies, and the heterogeneity among the compound dosages and route of administration.Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that biological agents are effective in reducing bone loss and mitigating inflammation during EP progression. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings in human populations.
Redo Aortic Root Replacement After Prior Modified Inclusion Versus Total Aortic Root Replacement
Authors: Makkinejad Alexander , Wu Xiaoting , Kim Karen , Fukuhara Shinichi , Patel Himanshu , Ailawadi Gorav , Yang Bo 
Published: December 2024

Background: There is currently little data in the literature evaluating the long‐term outcomes of reoperative aortic root replacement after previous aortic root replacement, and there are no studies comparing how these outcomes differ based on the approach of the initial aortic root replacement. Our objective was to determine the outcomes of reoperative aortic root replacement following prior aortic root replacement with either the total root or inclusion root techniques.Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of 260 patients who underwent redo aortic root replacement from September 1994 to July 2024. Previous root replacements were done with the total root technique in 90 patients and inclusion root technique in 170 patients. The primary outcomes of the study were perioperative complications, operative mortality, and late survival.Results: The median age of the entire cohort was 57 years, and 79% were males. The prior total root group was younger, had more Marfan syndrome, and more concomitant ascending/arch replacement. Perioperatively, the groups had similar recovery times and complication rates, though there was more postoperative sepsis in the prior total root group (5.6% vs. 0.6%), Operative mortality was 4.2% in the whole cohort; 5.6% in the total root group versus 3.5% in the inclusion root group, p = 0.44. Survival at 5 and 10 years was 84% and 70% in the whole cohort, respectively. The 5‐year survival was similar between the groups at 81% in the total root group and 85% in the inclusion root group, p = 0.82. Cox proportional hazards regression showed infection as a primary indication and was a significant risk factor for late mortality (hazard ratio 2.55 [95% CI: 1.45, 4.50], p = 0.001), as was diabetes (HR: 2.00 [95% CI: 1.04, 3.82], p = 0.037), but previous total root versus inclusion root procedure was not (hazard ratio 1.10 [95% CI: 0.58, 2.09], p = 0.77).Conclusions: Reoperative aortic root replacement following prior root replacement can be performed with good short‐ and long‐term outcomes after either total root or inclusion root replacement.
Data from LTβR Agonism Promotes Antitumor Immune Responses via Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: An Disi , Chen Guoying , Cheng Wei-Yi , Mohrs Katja , Adler Christina , Gupta Namita T. , Atwal Gurinder S. , DiLillo David J. , Daly Christopher , Lin John C. , Kuhnert Frank 
Published: December 2024

<div>Abstract<p>The presence of high endothelial venules (HEV) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in solid tumors is correlated with favorable prognosis and better responses to immune checkpoint blockade in many cancer types. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying intratumoral HEV and TLS formation and their contribution to antitumor responses may facilitate the development of improved treatment strategies. Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling is a critical regulator of lymph node organogenesis and can cooperate with antiangiogenic and immune checkpoint blockade treatment to augment tumor-associated HEV formation. In this study, we demonstrated that LTβR signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment via multiple mechanisms to promote antitumor T-cell responses. Systemic activation of the LTβR pathway via agonistic antibody treatment induced tumor-specific HEV formation, upregulated the expression of TLS-related chemokines, and enhanced dendritic cell (DC) and T-cell infiltration and activation in syngeneic tumor models. <i>In vitro</i> studies confirmed direct effects of LTβR agonism on DC activation and maturation and associated DC-mediated T-cell activation. Single-agent LTβR agonist treatment inhibited syngeneic tumor growth in a CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell–dependent and HEV-dependent manner, and the LTβR agonist enhanced antitumor effects of anti-PD-1 and CAR T-cell therapies. An <i>in vivo</i> tumor screen for TLS-inducing cytokines revealed that the combination of LTβR agonism and lymphotoxin ⍺ expression promoted robust intratumoral TLS induction and enhanced tumor responses to anti-CTLA4 treatment. Collectively, this study highlights crucial functions of LTβR signaling in modulating the tumor microenvironment and could inform future HEV/TLS-based strategies for cancer treatments.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> LTβR mediates tumor-specific high endothelial venule formation and immunomodulation of the tumor microenvironment that promotes antitumor immune responses, supporting LTβR agonism as an approach to enhance the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapies.</p></div>
The Untapped Opportunities of Addressing Lifecourse Growth in Mammographic Breast Density and Breast Cancer Prevention in Non-Hispanic Black Women
Authors: Pourali Ghazaleh , Toriola Adetunji T. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This commentary discusses the importance of adiposity and lifecourse growth with mammographic breast density (MBD) in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) women. Although high MBD is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer, the determinants of MBD in NHB women remain understudied. Although adiposity at the time of mammography is most strongly associated with MBD, adiposity as early as ages 10 and 18 years is also independently associated with MBD. The commentary emphasizes the need for future research to identify biological mechanisms underlying the associations of adulthood adiposity and lifecourse growth with MBD in NHB women and how these can be translated to breast cancer prevention. Additionally, it highlights the need for more studies looking at lifecourse growth and microscopic breast tissue characteristics such as terminal duct lobular unit involution and epithelial-to-stromal proportions.
See related article by Bigham et al., p. 1640
Cancer in 2024
Authors:   AACR Cancer Disparities Progress Report 2024 Steering Committee,   AACR Cancer Progress Report 2024 Steering Committee
Published: December 2024

Summary:
Excerpts from the 14th edition of the annual American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Progress Report (https://cancerprogressreport.aacr.org/progress/) and the third edition of the American Association for Cancer Research Cancer Disparities Progress Report (https://cancerprogressreport.aacr.org/disparities/) to US Congress and the public, both released in 2024, highlight significant strides made possible through medical research, much of which is supported by federal investments in the NIH, NCI, FDA, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as recent progress in understanding the overlapping and intersecting causes of cancer disparities and in addressing health inequities through evidence-based public policies.
Zooming In on Agreement-Making: Tracing the BBNJ Negotiations with the MARIPOLDATAbase
Authors: Vadrot Alice B. M. , Langlet Arne , Dunshirn Paul , Fellinger Simon , Ruiz-Rodríguez Silvia C. , Tessnow-von Wysocki Ina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Starting in 2018, the MARIPOLDATAbase has systematically cataloged observations covering the entire Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) negotiations until their conclusion in June 2023. By providing primary data on the whole negotiation process, the MARIPOLDATAbase supports empirical, scholarly work on diverse aspects of international marine biodiversity politics. This research note presents the database, its key features, and how it can be used to trace and map the BBNJ process. Drawing on examples from our own research, we show how we used these data—on actors and alliances, statement length, agreement text, positions, networks, statements, concepts, and meeting formats—to analyze various aspects of agreement-making. We note that our database has specific value for researchers who, in the past, struggled to access the BBNJ negotiations as well as for scholars who wish to follow marine biodiversity negotiations in the future. By facilitating the use of primary negotiation data, the MARIPOLDATAbase structure and content support both broad research areas and specific research questions. We conclude by proposing a methodological shift in the study of global environmental negotiations echoing recent attempts to elevate the ethical standards, data quality, political stakes, and critical reflection on the future of global environmental meetings and their role in global environmental politics (GEP) research.
Neural Basis of Perceptual Surface Qualities and Materials: Evidence from Electroencephalogram Decoding
Authors: Orima Taiki , Wakita Suguru , Motoyoshi Isamu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The human visual system can easily recognize object material categories and estimate surface properties such as glossiness and smoothness. Recent psychophysical and computational studies suggest that the material perception depends on global feature statistics. To elucidate dynamic neural representations underlying surface property and material perception in humans, we measured visual evoked potentials (VEPs) for 191 natural images consisting of 20 categories of materials and then classified material categories and surface properties from the VEPs. As a result, we found that material categories were correctly classified by the VEPs even at latencies of 150 msec or less. The apparent surface properties were also significantly classified within 175 msec (lightness, colorfulness, and smoothness) and after 200 msec (glossiness, hardness, and heaviness). The subsequent reverse-correlation analysis revealed that the VEPs at these latencies are highly correlated with low- and high-level global feature statistics of the surface images, indicating that neural activities about such global features are reflected in the VEPs. Moreover, by using deep generative models (multimodal variational autoencoder models) to reconstruct surface images from the VEPs via style information, we demonstrated that the reconstructed surface images are judged by observers to have very similar material categories and surface properties as the original natural surfaces. These results support the notion that neural representations of statistical features in the early cortical response play a crucial role in the perception and recognition of surface materials in humans.