bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep HDR Video from Sequences with Alternating Exposures
Authors: Kalantari Nima Khademi , Ramamoorthi Ravi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA practical way to generate a high dynamic range (HDR) video using off‐the‐shelf cameras is to capture a sequence with alternating exposures and reconstruct the missing content at each frame. Unfortunately, existing approaches are typically slow and are not able to handle challenging cases. In this paper, we propose a learning‐based approach to address this difficult problem. To do this, we use two sequential convolutional neural networks (CNN) to model the entire HDR video reconstruction process. In the first step, we align the neighboring frames to the current frame by estimating the flows between them using a network, which is specifically designed for this application. We then combine the aligned and current images using another CNN to produce the final HDR frame. We perform an end‐to‐end training by minimizing the error between the reconstructed and ground truth HDR images on a set of training scenes. We produce our training data synthetically from existing HDR video datasets and simulate the imperfections of standard digital cameras using a simple approach. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach produces high‐quality HDR videos and is an order of magnitude faster than the state‐of‐the‐art techniques for sequences with two and three alternating exposures.
Randomized clinical study using xenograft blocks loaded with bone morphogenetic protein‐2 or autogenous bone blocks for ridge augmentation – A three‐dimensional analysis
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Bienz Stefan P. , Payer Michael , Hüsler Jürg , Schmidlin Patrick R. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jakse Norbert , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo test whether or not the use of a xenogeneic block loaded with rhBMP‐2 results in superior radiological and profilometric outcomes compared to an autogenous bone block.Materials and methodsTwenty‐four patients randomly received a xenogeneic block loaded with rhBMP‐2 (test) or an autogenous bone block (control) for primary augmentation. The ridge width (RW) was evaluated by means of a CBCT scan after augmentation surgery and at 4 months, prior to implant placement. Surface scans were taken prior to augmentation and at 4 months for profilometric analyses. Data were analyzed with Wilcoxon‐signed rank test, Mann–Whitney test, or nonparametric ANOVA models.ResultsThe median RW after augmentation amounted to 7.13 mm (Q1 = 6.02; Q3 = 8.47) for test and 6.86 mm (Q1 = 5.99; Q3 = 8.95) for control. During 4 months of healing, the total RW decreased statistically significantly and measured 5.35 mm (Q1 = 4.53; Q3 = 6.7) for test and 5.15 mm (Q1 = 3.57; Q3 = 7.24) for control (p = 0.0005). The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.5899). The buccal soft tissue contour slightly increased for test (0.83 mm; Q1 = 0.62; Q3 = 1.87) and control (1.16 mm; Q1 = 0.50; Q3 = 1.44).ConclusionsBoth treatment modalities successfully increased the ridge width to a similar extent. The shrinkage during healing was not greater in the test than in the control group. The impact of hard tissue augmentation on the soft tissue contour was, however, minimal.
Deficiencies in reproductive health counseling in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Phillips Paulina K. , Saha Sumona , Foley David P. , Iruretagoyena Jesus I. , Said Adnan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn liver transplant (LT) recipients of childbearing age, there is often rapid return of fertility post‐transplant. Our aim was to determine whether healthcare providers are documenting reproductive health counseling in LT recipients.MethodsWe performed a review of 365 LT recipients (164 female, 201 male) of childbearing age transplanted between 1994 and 2015 at a single center. We evaluated documentation of reproductive health counseling, content of the counseling and its provider.ResultsReproductive health counseling was documented in 7% of LT recipients (14% of females, 0.5% of males). The transplant team provided the counseling in 56%, obstetrics/gynecology in 35%, and primary care in 9%. Twenty‐four post‐LT pregnancies occurred; these were unplanned in 13%. Miscarriage/stillbirth occurred in 7/24 pregnancies (29%). Mycophenolic acid was used by 20% of female recipients at conception. Only age at transplant (P = 0.001) and post‐LT pregnancy was associated with documentation of reproductive health counseling in female recipients (P = 0.0001).ConclusionDespite rapid return of fertility in reproductive‐aged LT recipients, documentation of reproductive health counseling in this population is rare in men and women. This increases the potential for adverse maternal and fetal outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Longitudinal causal impacts of preschool teacher training on Ghanaian children’s school readiness: Evidence for persistence and fade‐out
Authors: Wolf Sharon , Aber J. Lawrence , Behrman Jere R. , Peele Morgan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPreschool programs have expanded rapidly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but there are widespread concerns about whether they are of sufficient quality to promote children's learning and development. We conducted a large school‐randomized control trial (‘Quality Preschool for Ghana’ – QP4G) of a one‐year teacher training and coaching program, with and without parental‐awareness meetings, designed to improve preschool quality and child development. We followed 3,435 children in 240 schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, a country with universal pre‐primary education. A previous study reported positive impacts of teacher training (but not teacher training plus parental‐awareness meetings) at the end of the implementation year on some dimensions of classroom quality, teacher well‐being, and children's school readiness (Wolf et al., [2019] Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 12, 10–37). The present study analyzed a new round of data collected 1 year after the end of implementation to assess (a) the extent of persistence in impacts on child development and (b) whether such impacts vary by select child, household, and school characteristics. We found impacts of the teacher training intervention on children's overall school readiness were sustained (d = 0.13), but were only marginally statistically significant. When broken down by domain, impacts on social–emotional skills specifically persisted. Persistent negative effects of teacher training plus parental‐awareness meetings varied by the literacy status of the male parent such that negative impacts were concentrated in children in households with non‐literate male heads.
Non‐state authoritarianism and diaspora politics
Authors: ADAMSON FIONA B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiaspora politics has been celebrated as a form of transnationalism that can potentially challenge authoritarian regimes. Arguably, opposition groups and political activists can mobilize beyond the territorial limits of the state, thus bypassing some of the constraints to political organization found in authoritarian states. The literature on transnational and extraterritorial repression complicates this model, for it shows that states can use strategies of ‘long‐distance authoritarianism’ to monitor, intimidate and harass diasporic populations abroad. Yet, non‐state actors in the diaspora also sometimes use such repressive strategies to mobilize internally, gain hegemony within the diaspora, and marginalize or eliminate internal rivals. This raises the question of whether such activities can be understood as non‐state forms of authoritarianism. Cases of diasporic politics pertaining to Turkey and Sri Lanka are briefly explored with a view to examining how state and non‐state forms of transnational repression can, under some conditions, result in the dynamics of competitive authoritarianism within a diaspora. In such cases, ‘ordinary’ members of the diaspora may become caught between multiple forms of transnational repression in addition to potentially experiencing marginalization and securitization in their new home.
Extract of Salicornia europaea in fresh pasta to enhance phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity
Authors: Padalino Lucia , Costa Cristina , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro , Conte Amalia 
Published: June 2019

SummaryExtract from Salicornia europaea was added to durum wheat fresh pasta. Sensory properties, cooking quality, microbiological stability, content in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, before and after pasta digestion were studied. The extract was obtained by ultrasound‐assisted extraction. From the technological point of view the extract did not affect pasta dough and the cooking parameters and sensory properties of the enriched samples were found similar to the control pasta. No antimicrobial effect was exerted by the extract. From the chemical point of view interesting findings were recorded for pasta before and after digestion. Specifically, data of bioaccessible fraction of digested sample showed a significantly higher amount of total phenols and flavonoid content (11.52 mg gallic acid g−1 and 0.55 mg quercetin g−1 respectively) than digested control pasta (9.54 mg gallic acid g−1 and 0.23 mg quercetin g−1 respectively). The antioxidant activity of enriched sample also increased compared to the control pasta (6.20 vs. 2.50 μmoles FeSO4 g−1).
Valorisation of potato wastes
Authors: Torres María D , Domínguez Herminia 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPotato processing industry has a high degree of discarding, which currently has low added value being used primarily for animal feed. However, potato wastes offer a broad range of interesting components such as antioxidants, starch, protein or fibre with potential applications in the food and non‐food industries. The recovery of these high valuable fractions using efficient multistage and multiproduct processes could be of great interest. This short review provides a general overview on the integral valorisation of potato wastes, offering an updated vision of the main residual parts generated during potato harvesting and processing, the high valuable obtained components focusing on the bioactive ones and the potential of the emerging extraction techniques over conventional ones. In addition, innovative applications are discussed to highlight the scientific and applied interest of these underutilised and undervalued fractions and to emphasise the integral valorisation of raw materials.
Reliable Inference in Categorical Regression Analysis for Non‐randomly Coarsened Observations
Authors: Plass Julia , Cattaneo Marco E.G.V. , Augustin Thomas , Schollmeyer Georg , Heumann Christian 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn most surveys, one is confronted with missing or, more generally, coarse data. Traditional methods dealing with these data require strong, untestable and often doubtful assumptions, for example, coarsening at random. But due to the resulting, potentially severe bias, there is a growing interest in approaches that only include tenable knowledge about the coarsening process, leading to imprecise but reliable results. In this spirit, we study regression analysis with a coarse categorical‐dependent variable and precisely observed categorical covariates. Our (profile) likelihood‐based approach can incorporate weak knowledge about the coarsening process and thus offers a synthesis of traditional methods and cautious strategies refraining from any coarsening assumptions. This also allows a discussion of the uncertainty about the coarsening process, besides sampling uncertainty and model uncertainty. Our procedure is illustrated with data of the panel study ‘Labour market and social security' conducted by the Institute for Employment Research, whose questionnaire design produces coarse data.
5x5x5=Creativity: Art as a Transformative Practice
Authors: París Gemma , Hay Penny 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to share ideas from 5x5x5=creativity, a research initiative established in Bath (UK) in 2000, with the aim of developing and embedding a creative and reflective pedagogy in schools and early years settings. 5x5x5=creativity research, in partnership with schools, educators, artists, creative professionals, mentors and cultural centres, aims to raise the aspirations and improve the life chances of children and young people as creative learners. In our research we want to develop creative reflective practice and influence systemic educational change. This research defends the special role of the arts in developing a more flexible concept of education through curiosity and creativity, together with the capacity for the arts for allows ‘possibility thinking’ through a creative and critical pedagogy. In this article we analyse the impact of the artists’ involvement on the development of a creative, reflective pedagogy in schools. As both artists and educators we believe it is necessary to challenge current orthodoxies and establish creative and critical thinking at the heart of learning for both children and adults.
Who is the patient? Tensions between advance care planning and shared decision‐making
Authors: Knight Kerstin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractShared decision‐making takes many forms, involving different kinds of agents who share the requirement that they must have sufficient decision‐making capacity for the decision in question. Advance care planning (ACP) is commonly viewed as a form of shared decision‐making between carers and patients who anticipate losing decision‐making capacity. What is unclear in this situation is the identity status of an individual who has become mentally incapacitated and how to evaluate their rights and interests. This is known as the identity problem of ACP.This paper suggests that the identity problem can be most convincingly addressed by understanding ACP based on narrative views of identity. These views, however, create a tension in our current medico‐legal framework for attributing decision‐making capacity. Current laws and guidelines favour maximum inclusiveness and hence mandate supported decision‐making of those with reduced or only focally preserved decision‐making capacity. Yet, an ACP framework based on narrative identity and the relevant capacities to construct such narratives results in more demanding capacity requirements than current medico‐legal practice requires. The law thus espouses conflicting views as to who can be an appropriate decision‐making authority for patient care. I therefore conclude that the law governing medical care needs to be clearer about how to resolve the identity problem and revisit its position on ACP or supported decision‐making for those who have only focally preserved decision‐making capacity.
An Assessment of Judges’ Self‐Reported Experiences of Secondary Traumatic Stress
Authors: Edwards Charles P. , Miller Monica K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMany judges experience occupation‐specific stress, such as secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, compassion fatigue, and vicarious traumatization. A content analysis of 762 judges’ open‐ended responses to a survey asking whether they had suffered fromSTSrevealed that judges moderately experienced most types of stress. Some case types (e.g., family court) and some job aspects (e.g., gruesome evidence) were particularly stressful. Judges reported both positive (e.g., social support) and negative (e.g., distractions) coping mechanisms. Interventions should be tailored to judges’ characteristics, (e.g., gender), job (e.g., family court), beliefs (e.g., thatSTSdoes not exist), and level of distress.
The total number of white matter interstitial neurons in the human brain
Authors: Sedmak Goran , Judaš Miloš 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the adult human brain, the interstitial neurons (WMIN) of the subcortical white matter are the surviving remnants of the fetal subplate zone. It has been suggested that they perform certain important functions and may be involved in the pathogenesis of several neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, many important features of this class of human cortical neurons remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we analyzed the total number, and regional and topological distribution of WMIN in the adult human subcortical white matter, using a combined immunocytochemical (NeuN) and stereological approaches. We found that the average number of WMIN in 1 mm3 of the subcortical white matter is 1.230 ± 549, which translates to the average total number of 593 811 183.6 ± 264 849 443.35 of WMIN in the entire subcortical telencephalic white matter. While there were no significant differences in their regional distribution, the lowest number of WMIN has been consistently observed in the limbic cortex, and the highest number in the frontal cortex. With respect to their topological distribution, the WMIN were consistently more numerous within gyral crowns, less numerous along gyral walls and least numerous at the bottom of cortical sulci (where they occupy a narrow and compact zone below the cortical‐white matter border). The topological location of WMIN is also significantly correlated with their morphology: pyramidal and multipolar forms are the most numerous within gyral crowns, whereas bipolar forms predominate at the bottom of cortical sulci. Our results indicate that WMIN represent substantial neuronal population in the adult human cerebral cortex (e.g. more numerous than thalamic or basal ganglia neurons) and thus deserve more detailed morphological and functional investigations in the future.
The immunopathogenesis of oral lichen planus—Is there a role for mucosal associated invariant T cells?
Authors: DeAngelis Lara M. , Cirillo Nicola , McCullough Michael J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, T‐cell‐mediated, immune condition of unknown cause. OLP may present with painful symptoms requiring treatment, as well as lesions outside the oral cavity. It is likely that what initiates the OLP disease process is a complex interaction of host susceptibility and environmental triggers. While it is possible that OLP represents a true autoimmune condition against an epithelial autoantigen, the mechanisms that lead to this immune dysregulation are still poorly understood. In this review article, we discuss current concepts relating to the immunopathogenesis of OLP, as well as the potential contributory roles the oral microbiota and mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells.
The role of cyclin‐dependent kinases in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kujan Omar , Huang Gareth , Ravindran Ashwati , Vijayan Monisha , Farah Camile S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major global health problem with a relatively low‐moderate 5‐year survival rate. OSCC is often preceded by lesions and conditions known as oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) that have an increased risk of malignant transformation. Despite advances in diagnostic technology and cancer research, the prognosis of OSCC remains poor as it is frequently detected a late stage. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in oral carcinogenesis provides a platform to identify biomarkers that may allow the early detection of OSCC and accurate prediction of the malignant potential of OPMDs. In addition, specific molecular inhibitors can be developed to target these important pathways and allow advanced therapeutic management to improve the prognosis of this malignancy. A common feature across a number of different cancers is the dysfunction of cell cycle moderator proteins known as cyclin‐dependent kinases. This review summarises the current literature regarding the role of cyclin‐dependent kinases in oral carcinogenesis with a particular focus on cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 (CDK4) and 6 (CDK6). This is of particular relevance as CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors have shown some promising results in other cancer types and are interesting potential treatments for OSCC.
Nationalism, party political discourse and Scottish independence: comparing discursive visions of Scotland's constitutional status
Authors: Whigham Stuart 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article critically examines the predominant narratives which emanated from party political discourse in relation to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Utilising a methodological approach centring on political discourse analysis (Fairclough and Fairclough 2012), this paper analyses party manifestos and constitutional policy documents produced by the three largest political parties represented in the Scottish Parliament, namely, the pro‐independence Scottish National Party, and two pro‐union parties, Scottish Labour and the Scottish Conservative and Unionist Party. The emergent discourse of each party is interrogated by drawing upon pertinent theoretical concepts from previous academic analyses of Scottish nationalism, with particular attention given to those which have deployed modernist and ethnosymbolist theoretical approaches when analysing the Scottish context. This facilitates a critical reflection on the contrasting and nuanced narratives of the Scottish nation's past and future espoused by each political party vis‐à‐vis modernist and ethnosymbolist theory, illustrating the ways in which contrasting theorisations of nationalism are empirically tangible within political discourse and are thus not simply theoretical abstractions.
Role of melanoma inhibitory activity in melanocyte senescence
Authors: Feuerer Lena , Lamm Susanne , Henz Ingmar , Kappelmann‐Fenzl Melanie , Haferkamp Sebastian , Meierjohann Svenja , Hellerbrand Claus , Kuphal Silke , Bosserhoff Anja Katrin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe protein melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is known to be expressed in melanoma and to support melanoma progression. Interestingly, previous studies also observed the expression of MIA in nevi. Concentrating on these findings, we revealed that MIA expression is correlated with a senescent state in melanocytes. Induction of replicative or oncogene‐induced senescence resulted in increased MIA expression in vitro. Notably, MIA knockdown in senescent melanocytes reduced the percentage of senescence‐associated beta‐Gal‐positive cells and enhanced proliferation. Using the melanoma mouse model Tg(Grm1), MIA‐deficient mice supported the impact of MIA on senescence by showing a significantly earlier tumor onset compared to controls. In melanocytes, MIA knockdown led to a downregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, after induction of hTERT in human melanoma cells, p21 regulation by MIA was lost. In summary, our data show for the first time that MIA is a regulator of cellular senescence in human and murine melanocytes.
“Queering” African American religious history
Authors: Greene‐Hayes Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article raises questions about how scholars of African American religions and of Black Queer Studies have historically and historiographically rendered queer and transgender persons as being devoid of a religion of their choosing. It calls for research on LGBTQ+ persons in African American religious history and discusses the necessity of “queering” theories and methods in the study of African American religions. To do this, it traces a genealogy of historians of African American religious history “queering” the study of African American religions in order to analyze the state of the field and chart new directions for future study.