bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of risk factors for venous thromboembolism in patients with multiple myeloma starting chemotherapy, a real‐world evaluation
Authors: Baker Hailey A. , Brown Alexandra R. , Mahnken Jonathan D. , Shireman Theresa I. , Webb Carol E. , Lipe Brea C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionWithin the first year of diagnosis, up to 1 in 3 multiple myeloma (MM) patients will experience a venous thromboembolism (VTE). The International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) has thromboprophylaxis guidelines that stratify patients into low or high risk for thrombosis and subsequently recommend thromboprophylaxis, but it is unknown if these recommendations are being followed or if they are effective. The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy of the IMWG guidelines and investigate other potential VTE risk factors.MethodsStudy participants were treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 2007 and 2013, and charts were reviewed to extract data. Cases (MM and VTE) were matched to controls (MM and no VTE) at approximately 1:3 ratio based on gender, age (±5 years), and time of MM diagnosis (±5 years).ResultsA total of 80 cases and 211 controls were matched. Most patients (82%) were considered high risk for experiencing a VTE at the time of their MM diagnosis and 18% were considered low risk. Neither risk category (P = 0.16) nor thromboprophylaxis at baseline (P = 0.37) predicted VTE, though cases were more likely than controls to have an increased risk of thrombosis at the time of clot compared to their baseline risk (P = 0.09).ConclusionOur results suggest that IMWG guidelines are not being consistently followed and therefore could not be validated. Additional risk factors were not identified, but risk for VTE may change over time suggesting patients may require ongoing assessment of VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis throughout the disease course.
Symptomatic right coronary anomaly with dynamic systolic intramural obliteration and isolated right ventricular ischemia
Authors: Angelini Paolo , Uribe Carlo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA 52‐year‐old man was referred for an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the left sinus of Valsalva with an intramural course (R‐ACAOS‐IM), accompanied by progressive angina and dyspnea. He had been initially advised to have surgical treatment. Computerized axial tomographic angiography showed he had an ectopic origin from the left sinus of a small RCA, with a course between the aorta and pulmonary artery. His negative treadmill nuclear stress test was prematurely terminated because of angina and dyspnea. At our institution, intravascular ultrasound imaging indicated an intramural course and critically severe phasically changing proximal stenosis (80%–100%). The stenosis was resolved with stent‐angioplasty of the intramural segment. He had no complications and returned quickly to an asymptomatic state with unrestricted physical activity.
Highly flexible infection programs in a specialized wheat pathogen
Authors: Haueisen Janine , Möller Mareike , Eschenbrenner Christoph J. , Grandaubert Jonathan , Seybold Heike , Adamiak Holger , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany filamentous plant pathogens exhibit high levels of genomic variability, yet the impact of this variation on host–pathogen interactions is largely unknown. We have addressed host specialization in the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. Our study builds on comparative analyses of infection and gene expression phenotypes of three isolates and reveals the extent to which genomic variation translates into phenotypic variation. The isolates exhibit genetic and genomic variation but are similarly virulent. By combining confocal microscopy, disease monitoring, staining of ROS, and comparative transcriptome analyses, we conducted a detailed comparison of the infection processes of these isolates in a susceptible wheat cultivar. We characterized four core infection stages: establishment, biotrophic growth, lifestyle transition, and necrotrophic growth and asexual reproduction that are shared by the three isolates. However, we demonstrate differentiated temporal and spatial infection development and significant differences in the expression profiles of the three isolates during the infection stages. More than 20% of the genes were differentially expressed and these genes were located significantly closer to transposable elements, suggesting an impact of epigenetic regulation. Further, differentially expressed genes were enriched in effector candidates suggesting that isolate‐specific strategies for manipulating host defenses are present in Z. tritici. We demonstrate that individuals of a host‐specialized pathogen have highly differentiated infection programs characterized by flexible infection development and functional redundancy. This illustrates how high genetic diversity in pathogen populations results in highly differentiated infection phenotypes, which fact needs to be acknowledged to understand host–pathogen interactions and pathogen evolution.
Effects of soil nitrogen on diploid advantage in fireweed,Chamerion angustifolium(Onagraceae)
Authors: Bales Alex L. , Hersch‐Green Erika I. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn many ecosystems, plant growth and reproduction are nitrogen limited. Current and predicted increases of global reactive nitrogen could alter the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of plant populations. Nitrogen is a major component of nucleic acids and cell structures, and it has been predicted that organisms with larger genomes should require more nitrogen for growth and reproduction and be more negatively affected by nitrogen scarcities than organisms with smaller genomes. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested this hypothesis by examining whether the amount of soil nitrogen supplied differentially influenced the performance (fitness, growth, and resource allocation strategies) of diploid and autotetraploid fireweed (Chamerion angustifolium). We found that soil nitrogen levels differentially impacted cytotype performance, and in general, diploids were favored under low nitrogen conditions, but this diploid advantage disappeared under nitrogen enrichment. Specifically, when nitrogen was scarce, diploids produced more seeds and allocated more biomass toward seed production relative to investment in plant biomass or total plant nitrogen than did tetraploids. As nitrogen supplied increased, such discrepancies between cytotypes disappeared. We also found that cytotype resource allocation strategies were differentially dependent on soil nitrogen, and that whereas diploids adopted resource allocation strategies that favored current season reproduction when nitrogen was limiting and future reproduction when nitrogen was more plentiful, tetraploids adopted resource allocation strategies that favored current season reproduction under nitrogen enrichment. Together these results suggest nitrogen enrichment could differentially affect cytotype performance, which could have implications for cytotypes’ ecological and evolutionary dynamics under a globally changing climate.
The fabrication of poly (polyethylene glycol diacrylate) monolithic porous layer open tubular (mono‐PLOT) columns and applications in hydrophilic interaction chromatography and capillary gas chromatography for small molecules
Authors: Chang Feng , Yue Yunfang , Yang Zihui , Huang Si , Liu Zhihua , Wang Kunmiao , Peng Yan , Chen Yingzhuang , Ma Ming , Chen Bo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe easy shrinkage and swelling of polymer monolithic column when exposed to mobile phase with different polarity is a problem that cannot be ignored. To overcome this drawback, a convenient aqueous two‐phase polymerization approach was used to prepare poly (polyethylene glycol diacrylate, PEGDA) monolithic porous layer open tubular (mono‐PLOT) columns (150 μm). The poly(PEGDA) mono‐PLOT column with homogeneous polymer porous layer was synthesized successfully. A maximum plate number of 41,500 plates per meter for allyl thiourea was obtained under a velocity of 1.8 mm/s. Several kinds of polar molecule were separated on the proposed mono‐PLOT column and a typical hydrophilic interaction retention mechanism was observed. High speed separation of benzoic acids was also carried out, baseline separation of five benzoic acids was successfully achieved within 5 min with a 70 cm mono‐PLOT column at 50°C. Furthermore, the resulting PLOT column was also successfully applied to separate standard analytes of three DNA oxidative damage products and RNA‐modified nucleosides and four chlorophenols. At last, the column could separate alcohols, alkanes, and aromatic isomers via GC. It had more than 20,000 plates per meter for butanol – higher than commercial coatings open tubular columns.
Improving the lifetime of multichannel cognitive radio sensor networks via new spectrum sensing method
Authors: Monemian Maryam , Mahdavi Mehdi , Omidi Mohammad Javad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSNs) are wireless sensor networks implemented with cognitive radio capability to provide spectrum resources for sensors in an opportunistic manner. The application of CRSNs can be found in the paradigm of Internet of Things (IoT) where each sensor represents an object in the IoT paradigm. In order to prevent simultaneous transmissions of Primary Users (PUs) and CRSN nodes, sensors should be aware of the presence of PUs. One of the most common methods for making the sensors aware of the presence of PUs is consecutive spectrum sensing. Since the sensors have the duty of both sensing environment and transmitting the results, their battery lives are highly prone to rapid drain. In addition, the lack of effective management of sensor operations for spectrum sensing may lead to short longevity of the network. In this paper, the energy consumption process of sensors in such networks has been analyzed and an energy‐based algorithm is proposed to appropriately select sensors based on their detection probabilities for spectrum sensing. The analytical and numerical results confirm the improved lifetime and performance based on our proposed algorithm in comparison with the conventional ones. Moreover, the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is significantly lower than that of the existing methods.
On Cute Monkeys and Repulsive Monsters
Authors: Chambers Tod S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhen I heard that a laboratory in China had cloned two long‐tailed macaques, I thought of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. When academics write about the novel, many point out that the reason the creature becomes a “monster” is not that he has any inherently evil qualities but that Victor Frankenstein, the creature's “mother,” immediately rejects him. All later problems can be traced to the fact that Frankenstein does not take responsibility for his creation. While I do not disagree with this, we need to think beyond (or before) Frankenstein's rejection to the reason he rejects it. I would like to suggest that this reason reveals something about how bioethics judges new biological technologies. I suggest that what causes Frankenstein to feel revulsion toward his creation is its unsettling mix of the beautiful and the ugly.
Medical Aid in Dying: Bioethics as Sideshow
Authors: Campbell Courtney S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTwenty years ago, the passage of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act prompted vigorous debate in my bioethics classrooms; now, the issue barely generates a ripple. Instead, we focus on an issue my students' generation will confront, as illustrated by an amendment to the ODDA introduced in the last Oregon legislative session that would have effectively rescinded two core procedural safeguards: patient decision‐making capacity when requesting life‐ending medication and self‐administration of the medication. Patient requests for medication could be stipulated on an advance directive that appoints an “expressly identified agent” authorized, in the event of loss of decision‐making capacity, “to collect and to administer to the patient the prescribed medication.” The amendment heralds a shift from physician‐assisted death to medical aid in dying and from prescriptions ingested by patients to life‐ending medication administered by a physician or even by the patient's “agent.” This prospect generates a bit more angst amongst my students, but their acculturation in the ethics of individual choice prevails. Our discussion about the ethics of medical aid in dying inescapably turns to a deeper issue: is there a professional ethos independent of autonomy?
Acute tryptophan loading decreases functional connectivity between the default mode network and emotion‐related brain regions
Authors: Deza‐Araujo Yacila I. , Neukam Philipp T. , Marxen Michael , Müller Dirk K. , Henle Thomas , Smolka Michael N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt has been shown that the functional architecture of the default mode network (DMN) can be affected by serotonergic challenges and these effects may provide insights on the neurobiological bases of depressive symptomatology. To deepen our understanding of this possible interplay, we used a double‐blind, randomized, cross‐over design, with a control condition and two interventions to decrease (tryptophan depletion) and increase (tryptophan loading) brain serotonin synthesis. Resting‐state fMRI from 85 healthy subjects was acquired for all conditions 3 hr after the ingestion of an amino acid mixture containing different amounts of tryptophan, the dietary precursor of serotonin. The DMN was derived for each participant and session. Permutation testing was performed to detect connectivity changes within the DMN as well as between the DMN and other brain regions elicited by the interventions. We found that tryptophan loading increased tryptophan plasma levels and decreased DMN connectivity with visual cortices and several brain regions involved in emotion and affect regulation (i.e., putamen, subcallosal cortex, thalamus, and frontal cortex). Tryptophan depletion significantly reduced tryptophan levels but did not affect brain connectivity. Subjective ratings of mood, anxiety, sleepiness, and impulsive choice were not strongly affected by any intervention. Our data indicate that connectivity between the DMN and emotion‐related brain regions might be modulated by changes in the serotonergic system. These results suggest that functional changes in the brain associated with different brain serotonin levels may be relevant to understand the neural bases of depressive symptoms.
The asymmetric effect of regulatory fit on moral judgments of other‐oriented lies
Authors: Wu Song , Yuan Tinglanxue , Jin Shenghua 
Published: December 2018

We examined whether regulatory fit effects are asymmetric—namely, whether they occur only among individuals with a promotion focus or a prevention focus. We adopted a task where individuals make moral judgments of other‐oriented lies and conducted three studies. The results indicated that prevention‐focused individuals judged other‐oriented lies based on a vigilant strategy as more moral than lies based on an eager strategy (Studies 1 and 2). Meanwhile for promotion‐focused individuals, there were no differences between eager and vigilant strategies on moral judgments of other‐oriented lies. Additionally, the results suggested that the feeling of rightness is an underlying mechanism of the regulatory fit effects of prevention focus (Study 3).
Considering the role of early discrimination experiences and the parent–child relationship in the development of disruptive behaviors in adolescence
Authors: Savell Shannon M. , Womack Sean R. , Wilson Melvin N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Dishion Thomas J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTDiscrimination has been shown to be related to diminished psychological adjustment and greater risk for substance use when personally experienced by adolescents and when their caregivers experience discrimination. Our research considers the impact of primary caregiver experiences of racial‐ and socioeconomic‐based discrimination in early (age 3–5 years) and late childhood (age 9½) on adolescent disruptive behaviors (age 14) with a large sample of diverse caregiver–child dyads (N = 634). In addition, we examine the potential protective effects of parent–child relationship quality in early and late childhood in buffering the effects of caregiver discrimination on adolescent disruptive behaviors. We also explore possible gender differences in children's vulnerability to engage in disruptive behaviors in the context of caregiver experiences of discrimination. The findings from this study indicate that at trend level, early childhood experiences of primary caregiver discrimination (ages 3–5) predicted adolescent disruptive behaviors, accounting for the effects of more recent (age 9½) caregiver discrimination. In addition, parent–child relationship quality at age 9½ years was found to buffer the effects of late childhood (age 9½) primary caregiver discrimination on adolescent disruptive behaviors for both male and female youth. The findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention techniques that foster healthy and positive primary caregiver–child relationships.
An antioxidant stabilized, chemically cross‐linked UHMWPE with superior toughness
Authors: Oral Ebru , Wannomae Keith K. , Bichara David A. , Micheli Brad , Doshi Brinda N. , O'Brien Caitlin , Nielsen G. Petur , Muratoglu Orhun K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChemical cross‐linking of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) using an organic peroxide followed by high temperature melting results in a large increase in toughness accompanied by a decrease in cross‐link density, which, surprisingly does not compromise the wear resistance. We compared the mechanical properties and wear behavior of a vitamin E blended, chemically cross‐linked and high temperature melted UHMWPE produced by ram extrusion (PRX HTM) to those measured with the clinically available 100‐kGy irradiated and melted UHMWPE (CISM 100). We also assessed the local biocompatibility of PRX‐HTM in rabbit subcutaneous pouch and osteochondral defect models. The ultimate tensile strength and pin‐on‐disc wear rate were similar to CISM 100; whereas the elongation‐at‐break and impact toughness were much higher with PRX‐HTM. The stress intensity factor range at crack inception was also higher with PRX‐HTM. Accelerated aging did not result in any measurable oxidation or changes in mechanical properties. Hip simulator wear rate of acetabular liners made with PRX‐HTM was 0.3 ± 0.4 mg/million‐cycle, similar to that reported for CISM 100 liners. The wear particles were largely spherical with a number‐averaged particle size of 0.95 μm with ~75% of particles below 1 μm. The subcutaneous and osteochondral rabbit implantations showed no histological differences between PRX‐HTM and the control CISM 100. Pre‐clinical wear, mechanical, and biocompatibility testing of PRX HTM showed feasibility for the use of this material as a total joint arthroplasty implant bearing surface. This process has the potential of eliminating the additional step of radiation cross‐linking by combining consolidation and cross‐linking while improving toughness. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1945–1952, 2019.
Nicotine promotes atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice through α1‐nAChR
Authors: Ren Anmin , Wu Hongxian , Liu Liping , Guo Zhenzhen , Cao Qunan , Dai Qiuyan 
Published: December 2018

Abstractα1 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α1nAChR) is an important nicotine receptor that is widely distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. However, the role of α1nAChR in nicotine‐mediated atherosclerosis remains unclear. The administration of nicotine for 12 weeks increased the area of the atherosclerotic lesion, the number of macrophages infiltrating the plaques, and the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α, in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed a high‐fat diet. Nicotine also increased α1nAChR, calpain‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), and MMP‐9 expression in the aortic tissue. Silencing of α1nAChR with an adenoassociated virus decreased the atherosclerotic size, lesion macrophage content, and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines and suppressed α1nAChR, calpain‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression in the nicotine group. In vitro, nicotine‐induced α1nAChR, calpain‐1, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 expression in mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) and macrophages (RAW264.7), and enhanced the migration and proliferation of these cells. The silencing of α1nAChR inhibited these effects of nicotine MOVAS and RAW264.7 cells. Thus, we concluded that nicotine promoted the development of atherosclerosis partially by inducing the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages and inducing an inflammatory reaction. The effect of nicotine on atherogenesis may be mediated by α1nAChR‐induced activation of the calpain‐1/MMP‐2/MMP‐9 signaling pathway.
The underlying pathophysiology association between the Type 2‐diabetic and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wei Huamei , Wang Jianchu , Li Wenchuan , Ma Rihai , Xu Zuoming , Luo Zongjiang , Lu Yuan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Long Xidai , Pu Jian , Tang Qianli 
Published: December 2018

AbstractType 2‐diabetic (T2D) disease has been reported to increase the incidence of liver cancer, however, the underlying pathophysiology is still not fully understood. Here, we aimed to reveal the underlying pathophysiology association between the T2D and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and, therefore, to find the possible therapeutic targets in the occurrence and development of HCC. The methylation microarray data of T2D and HCC were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. A total of 504 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between T2D samples and the controls were identified, whereas 6269 DMGs were identified between HCC samples and the control groups. There were 336 DMGs coexisting in diabetes and HCC, among which 86 genes were comethylated genes. These genes were mostly enriched in pathways as glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, fatty acid, and metabolic pathway as glycosaminoglycan degradation and thiamine, fructose and mannose. There were 250 DMGs that had differential methylation direction between T2D DMGs and HCC DMGs, and these genes were enriched in the Sphingolipid metabolism pathway and immune pathways through natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity and ak‐STAT signaling pathway. Eight genes were found related to the occurrence and development of diabetes and HCC. Moreover, the result of protein‐protein interaction network showed that CDKN1A gene was related to the prognosis of HCC. In summary, eight genes were found to be associated with the development of HCC and CDKN1A may serve as the potential prognostic gene for HCC.