bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet potato vines in diets for growing rabbits on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality
Authors: Klinger Ana Carolina Kohlrausch , Picolli da Silva Leila , de Toledo Geni Salete Pinto , Falcone Diuly Bortoluzzi , Goulart Fernanda Rodrigues 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe use of residues as substitutes for conventional ingredients in animal feed is a promising alternative able to reduce both costs and environmental pollution. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using sweet potato vines (SPV) as a replacement for alfalfa hay in diets for growing rabbits. The performance, carcass characteristics, meat composition and metabolic parameters of the liver were evaluated in 30 New Zealand rabbits weaned at 35 days old and an average weight of 900 g. The animals were allotted into three dietary groups: 0SPV, control diet without SPV; 50SPV, diet with 50% replacement of alfalfa hay by SPV; 100SPV, diet with 100% replacement of alfalfa hay by SPV. The animals were slaughtered at 77 days of age. The liver was collected for analysis of glucose and hepatic glycogen and meat samples were collected for analysis of the chemical composition. The data obtained were statistically compared by analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (0.05). None of the analyzed variables presented differences. It can be concluded, therefore, that SPV may be used as a substitute for alfalfa hay up to 100% in diets for rabbits without impairing the performance and meat composition.
Low sensitivity of a test for anti‐Mullerian hormone to assess presence of ovaries in prepubertal bitches
Authors: Hill JR , Wilkinson J , Mallyon J , Anderson ST 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAnti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) is currently used in several species as an indicator of the number of antral and pre‐antral follicles within the ovaries. Currently, there is some uncertainty on the precision of a single AMH test for detecting the presence of ovarian tissue in prepubertal, pubertal and spayed bitches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the specificity of AMH levels determined using the Gen II AMH ELISA to detect the presence or absence of ovarian tissue in bitches of varying ages.MethodsFrom a large cohort of dogs located at an animal shelter, 36 bitches were assigned to three age groups (< 6 months; 6–18 months and > 2 years of age) plus a group of six spayed bitches.ResultsAMH was below the detectable limit for each spayed bitch (< 0.010 ng/mL) and for 9/10 intact bitches aged less than 6 months. AMH levels were therefore significantly different for these two groups compared with older intact bitches (6–18 months, 0.302 ± 0.135 ng/mL; > 2 years, 0.237 ± 0.210 ng/mL). AMH was undetectable in two intact bitches aged > 2 years of age, which gave a sensitivity of 82% in that group. Overall, the sensitivity of the test was 90% for all bitches aged over 6 months, which highlights that a small percentage of intact females will be incorrectly diagnosed as having no ovarian tissue.ConclusionAMH testing had very low sensitivity in bitches aged less than 6 months and thus it is advisable to delay testing in very young bitches.
Additional evidence for a therapeutic effect of dextromethorphan/quinidine on bulbar motor function in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A quantitative speech analysis
Authors: Green Jordan R. , Allison Kristen M. , Cordella Claire , Richburg Brian D. , Pattee Gary L. , Berry James D. , Macklin Eric A. , Pioro Erik P. , Smith Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

AimsA recent double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover 70‐day trial demonstrated that a fixed combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine (DM/Q) improves speech and swallowing function in most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this study, a subset of participants, many of whom did not substantially improve while on DM/Q, were re‐evaluated using computer‐based speech analyses and expert clinician ratings of the overall severity of speech impairment.MethodsSpeech samples were recorded from the subset of 10 patients at four visits made at approximately 30‐day intervals. The recordings were analysed by automated computer‐based analysis of speech pausing patterns. Severity of speech impairment was rated by three experienced speech‐language pathologists using direct magnitude estimation. Scores on patient‐reported and clinician‐administered scales of bulbar motor involvement were obtained at each visit.ResultsThe effects of DM/Q were detected on several of the objective speech measures, including total pause duration (s) (Cohen's d = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) –1.70, 0.24), pause time (%) (d = 0.77, 95% CI –1.75, 0.21), and mean speech event duration (s) (d = 0.52, 95% CI –0.44, 1.47), but not on clinician ratings of speech or the speech components of the self‐report or clinician‐administered scales.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that even patients with modest improvement while on DM/Q may experience quantifiable improvements in speech when assessed using sensitive and objective measures. This study provides additional evidence of the positive impact of DM/Q on one or more of the neural systems that control bulbar motor function and production of speech.
Compulsory moral bioenhancement should be covert
Authors: Crutchfield Parker 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSome theorists argue that moral bioenhancement ought to be compulsory. I take this argument one step further, arguing that if moral bioenhancement ought to be compulsory, then its administration ought to be covert rather than overt. This is to say that it is morally preferable for compulsory moral bioenhancement to be administered without the recipients knowing that they are receiving the enhancement. My argument for this is that if moral bioenhancement ought to be compulsory, then its administration is a matter of public health, and for this reason should be governed by public health ethics. I argue that the covert administration of a compulsory moral bioenhancement program better conforms to public health ethics than does an overt compulsory program. In particular, a covert compulsory program promotes values such as liberty, utility, equality, and autonomy better than an overt program does. Thus, a covert compulsory moral bioenhancement program is morally preferable to an overt moral bioenhancement program.
NADPH‐oxidase‐derived ROS alters cell migration by modulating adhesions dynamics
Authors: Tamborindeguy Maurício Tavares , Matte Bibiana Franzen , Ramos Grasieli de Oliveira , Alves Alessandro Menna , Bernardi Lisiane , Lamers Marcelo Lazzaron 
Published: August 2018

Background InformationCell migration requires the coordinated activation of structural and signalling molecules, such as the RhoGTPase Rac1. It is known that the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex assembly, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the cell membrane, also relies on Rac1 activation, indicating a possible effect of ROS during cell migration. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NADPH‐oxidase‐derived ROS on the migration process.ResultsUsing time‐lapse videos of CHO.K1 cells plated on fibronectin (2 μg/ml) or collagen (5 μg/cm2), we observed that depletion of ROS by N‐acetyl‐cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), an unspecific antioxidant, or diphenyliodonium (DPI, 10 μM), a NADPH‐oxidase inhibitor, induced a ∼50% decrease in migration speed and severely impacted migration directionality. Then, we analysed the effects of NADPH oxidase on three migratory events: protrusion rate, adhesion process and signalling pathways related to cell migration. DPI induced an increase of ∼3 protrusion/cell, which were 2× faster but had a ∼50% retraction when compared with control. By pull‐down assay, we observed no changes on Rac1 activation, indicating that ROS‐mediated effects were related to downstream molecules, such as adhesion‐related molecules. A reduction of the adhesion marker FAK‐Y397 levels in cells treated with NAC and DPI was observed. In order to analyse adhesion dynamics, CHO.K1 cells transfected with paxillin‐GFP analysed with total internal reflectance fluorescence (TIRF) indicated that DPI (5 μM) induced larger adhesions when compared with control.ConclusionThese results indicate that the local generation of NADPH‐oxidase‐derived ROS can modulate cell migration due to changes on adhesion dynamics and signalling.SignificanceThis study highlights the physiological requirement of ROS for cell migration and the potential use of these molecules as targets to modulate the cell migration process at different diseases.
Cross‐border freight movements in the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Region, with insights from passive GPS data
Authors: Anderson William P. , Maoh Hanna F. , Gingerich Kevin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe Great Lakes and St. Lawrence binational region is one of the most significant concentrations of industrial production on earth and contains the most active corridors for goods movements in the Canada‐United States trade relationship. The history of industrial development in this region involves the exploitation of coal and iron ore for steel production, the development of the railroads and the expansion of commercial agriculture, and the growth of the automotive and other high value‐added manufacturing industries. Canadian and American industrial complexes became increasingly integrated with the support of trade agreements in the latter decades of the 20th century. Development of cross‐border supply chains led to massive international flows of intermediate goods. In this context, the performance of a few key border crossings is of critical economic importance. New information drawn from very large datasets of Global Positioning System records generated by cross‐border truck movements sheds new light on both the spatial patterns of cross‐border goods movement and the performance of border crossings.
Alternating magnetic field enhances cytotoxicity of Compound C
Authors: Akimoto Taisuke , Umemura Masanari , Nagasako Akane , Ohtake Makoto , Fujita Takayuki , Yokoyama Utako , Eguchi Haruki , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe previously reported the efficacy of anti‐cancer therapy with hyperthermia using an alternating magnetic field (AMF) and a magnetic compound. In the course of the study, unexpectedly, we found that an AMF enhances the cytotoxicity of Compound C, an activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor, although this compound is not magnetic. Therefore, we examined the cellular mechanism of AMF‐induced cytotoxicity of Compound C in cultured human glioblastoma (GB) cells. An AMF (280 kHz, 250 Arms) for 30 minutes significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Compound C and promoted apoptosis towards several human GB cell lines in vitro. The AMF also increased Compound C‐induced cell‐cycle arrest of GB cells at the G2 phase and, thus, inhibited cell proliferation. The AMF increased Compound C‐induced reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the AMF decreased ERK phosphorylation in the presence of Compound C and suppressed the protective autophagy induced by this compound. The application of an AMF in cancer chemotherapy may be a simple and promising method, which might reduce the doses of drugs used in future cancer treatment and, therefore, the associated side effects.
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation sensitizes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to the BET inhibitor JQ1
Authors: Fujiwara Hiroaki , Tateishi Keisuke , Kato Hiroyuki , Nakatsuka Takuma , Yamamoto Keisuke , Tanaka Yasuo , Ijichi Hideaki , Takahara Naminatsu , Mizuno Suguru , Kogure Hirofumi , Matsubara Saburo , Nakai Yousuke , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a life‐threatening disease with a poor prognosis. Although genome analysis unraveled some genetic mutation profiles in cholangiocarcinoma, it remains unknown whether such genetic abnormalities relate to the effects of anticancer drugs. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are exclusively found in almost 20% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Recently, the anticancer effects of BET inhibitors including JQ1 have been shown in various tumors. In the present study, we report that the antigrowth effect of JQ1 differs among ICC cells and IDH1 mutation sensitizes ICC cells to JQ1. RBE cells harboring IDH1 mutation was more sensitive to JQ1 than HuCCT1 or HuH28 cells with wild‐type IDH1. JQ1 induced apoptosis only in RBE cells through the upregulation of proapoptotic genes BAX and BIM. We found that the antigrowth effect was not attributed to downregulation of the MYC gene as a well‐known target of JQ1 in various cancer cells. Notably, the forced expression of mutant IDH1 successfully sensitized HuCCT1 cells to JQ1. In addition, AGI‐5198, a selective inhibitor of mutant IDH1 partially reversed the decrease in viability after JQ1 treatment and also suppressed the JQ1‐induced apoptosis in RBE cells. These data suggest that IDH1 mutation contributed to the growth inhibitory effect of JQ1 in RBE cells. Furthermore, given that the effect of mutant IDH1 was not recapitulated in glioblastoma cells, the enhancement of JQ1 sensitivity by IDH1 mutation seems to be specific for ICC cells. Our findings propose a new stratified therapeutic strategy based on IDH1 mutation in ICC.
Cumulative and Differential Effects of Early Child Care and Middle Childhood Out‐of‐School Time on Adolescent Functioning
Authors: Vandell Deborah L. , Lee Kenneth T.H. , Whitaker Anamarie A. , Pierce Kim M. 
Published: August 2018

Effects associated with early child care and out‐of‐school time (OST) during middle childhood were examined in a large sample of U.S. adolescents (N = 958). Both higher quality early child care AND more epochs of organized activities (afterschool programs and extracurricular activities) during middle childhood were linked to higher academic achievement at age 15. Differential associations were found in the behavioral domain. Higher quality early child care was associated with fewer externalizing problems, whereas more hours of early child care was linked to greater impulsivity. More epochs of organized activities was associated with greater social confidence. Relations between early child care and adolescent outcomes were not mediated or moderated by OST arrangements in middle childhood, consistent with independent, additive relations of these nonfamilial settings.
The Effect of Mother–Child Reading Time on Children's Reading Skills: Evidence From Natural Within‐Family Variation
Authors: Price Joseph , Kalil Ariel 
Published: August 2018

Children's exposure to book reading is thought to be an influential input into positive cognitive development. Yet there is little empirical research identifying whether it is reading time per se, or other factors associated with families who read, such as parental education or children's reading skill, that improves children's achievement. Using data on 4,239 children ages 0–13 of the female respondents of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study applies two different methodologies to identify the causal impact of mother–child reading time on children's achievement scores by controlling for several confounding child and family characteristics. The results show that a 1 SD increase in mother–child reading time increases children's reading achievement by 0.80 SDs.
“We Don’t Belong There”: New Geographies of Homelessness, Addiction, and Social Control in Vancouver’s Inner City
Authors: Fast Danya , Cunningham David 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Drawing on eight years of ethnographic research in Vancouver’s inner city, we explore how aligned processes of gentrification and poverty management are producing new geographies of homelessness, addiction, and social control for young people who use drugs and inhabit the social, spatial, and economic margins of urban space. In particular, we examine the emergence of government‐subsidized supportive housing for youth in this setting. Tracing the experiences of a small number of individuals across time, we show how this contemporary mode of urban governance is producing new forms of life and senses of place for young people in the margins, including new kinds of embodied displacement and disappearance in the city. [Youth; Addiction; Homelessness; Housing; Gentrification; Poverty Management; Lines of Flight]
Impact of the Chinese embargo against MIR162 corn on Canadian corn producers
Authors: Schmitz Troy G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 2009, Syngenta created two new insect‐resistant corn varieties known as Agrisure Viptera and Agrisure Duracade, which contain the MIR162 biotechnology‐enhanced genetic trait. These varieties were approved for commercial release in North America in 2010 and were planted in spring 2011. China imposed an embargo on corn imports from North America beginning on November 20, 2013, because of its zero‐tolerance policy with respect to unapproved genetic traits in imported crops. The embargo was not lifted until December 14, 2014. The embargo led to increased availability of North American corn and a reduction in the price of corn realized by Canadian producers. The relative price of a substitute method was applied to weekly data on Ontario corn prices and Saskatchewan feed barley prices. The Chinese embargo against MIR162 corn caused the corn price received by Canadian farmers to drop by an estimated 1.24% or 5.32 cents/bushel. But for the Chinese embargo against MIR162 corn, Canadian corn producers would have realized an estimated additional $29.7 million in revenue in 2013/2014.
The effect of ventilation tube insertion to the health‐related quality of life in a group of children in Southeast Anatolia
Authors: Yazici Alper , Coskun Mehmet Enes 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the influence of ventilation tube insertion to the quality of life in a group of children in Southeast Anatolia by Otitis Media 6‐item (OM6) questionnaire.DesignPatients who underwent ventilation tube insertion due to otitis media with effusion (OME) at Otorhinolaryngology Department of Gaziantep University between December 2016 and April 2017 were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were evaluated with the OM‐6 survey before operation and 6 weeks after surgery.ResultsThe mean age of 45 patients out of 50 accounted for 67.64 ± 42.89 months with 27 (60%) males and 18 (40%) females. The numbers of preoperative and postoperative overall OM6 scores represented a significant improvement with 4.34 and 2.16, respectively. Moreover, each domain of OM6 (physical suffering, hearing loss, speech impairment, emotional distress, activity limitations and caregiver concerns) showed statistically significant difference.ConclusionVentilation tube insertion procedure provided a significant improvement in a group of children in Southeast Anatolia suffering from chronic OME in terms of Quality of Life (QOL) assessed by OM6. We believe that OM6 is a useful tool for evaluating the patients’ health‐related quality of life and for providing additional information to the caregivers’ or families’ enquiries regarding the consequences of surgical intervention.
Incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in patients with diagnosis of pulmonary embolism for the first time in real world
Authors: Yu Yongping , Yang Li , Zhang Yuhai , Dong Liang , Xia Jingwen , Zhu Ning , Han Xinpeng , Fang Liying , Chai Yaqin , Niu Mengjie , Liu Lingli , Yang Xuemin , Qu Shuoyao , Li Shengqing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence and risk factors of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have been well reported. However, in real world, patients diagnosed with PE for the first time were usually composed of acute PE, sub‐acute PE, and chronic PE, and the cumulative incidence and risk factors of CTEPH in this cohort were still unknown.MethodsA prospective, long‐term, follow‐up study was conducted to assess the incidence of symptomatic CTEPH in consecutive patients with PE diagnosed for the first time. Patients with unexplained persistent dyspnea during follow‐up underwent transthoracic echocardiography and, if the findings indicated pulmonary hypertension, ventilation‐perfusion lung scanning and right heart catheterization. CTEPH was confirmed if perfusion defects were present, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) ≤15 mmHg.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of CTEPH in patients with PE diagnosed for the first time was 11.2% at 3 months, 12.7% at 1 year, 13.4% at 2 years, and 14.5% at 3 years. The following factors increased the risk of CTEPH: time from symptoms to treatment of PE ≥1 month (odds ratio (OR), 14.77), intermediate (OR, 37.63) to high risk PE (OR, 39.81), segmental and sub‐segmental branch location of embolism (OR, 8.30) and PE‐related primary risk factors (OR, 5.01). 9.4% of CTEPH patients developed from acute PE, and 90.6% from sub‐acute and chronic PE.ConclusionsIn real world, CTEPH is a relatively common and serious complication in PE patients diagnosed for the first time. Early diagnosis and treatment of PE will decrease the incidence of CTEPH in these unspecified patients.
A cost analysis of early biliary strictures following orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States
Authors: Bhutiani Neal , Jones Jordan M. , Wei David , Goldstein Laura J. , Martin Robert C. G. , Jones Christopher M. , Cannon Robert M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo date, the financial burden of biliary strictures (BS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has remained largely unassessed. This study sought to approximate perioperative costs associated with early BS and delineate where in the hospital these costs are incurred.MethodsThe Premier Healthcare Database was queried for patients undergoing OLT between 2010 and 2016. Patients who did and did not develop early BS were compared with respect to perioperative costs and outcome variables. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate differences between groups.ResultsPatients who developed early BS had a longer length of stay (LOS) (35.3 days vs 17.8 days, P < 0.001) and were less likely to be discharged home (odds ratio = 0.45, P = 0.003). Development of early BS was associated with an incremental cost increase of $81 881 (45.8%, P < 0.001). The greatest relative cost increases were in radiology (+163.5%) and respiratory therapy (+157.1%), while the greatest absolute increase was in room and board (+$27 589).ConclusionsEarly BS after OLT result in higher costs stemming from longer LOS and increased need for various diagnostic studies and therapies. In addition to incentivizing measures that may prevent early BS, hospitals should account for these factors when developing payment schemes for OLT with payors.