bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Necessity of Renewing Islamic Thought and Reinvigorating Religious Understanding
Authors: Madjid Nurcholish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A native of Java, educated through college level at Islamic schools, Nurcholish Madjid (Indonesia, born 1939) rose to national prominence in the late I 960s as leader of the Islamic Students Association. In a speech of January 2, 1970, the first of two translated here, Madjid called for deep-seated changes in Islam to keep pace with changes in the world, even using the controversial term secularism.1 He had not intended for this speech to be circulated or published-indeed, he later called the talk’s bluntness “a tactical blunder”-but he did not disavow the ideas expressed in the speech. The second talk translated here, delivered in 1972, was an attempt to develop these ideas further, and his 1984 doctoral dissertation under Fazlur Rahman at the University of Chicago (see chapter 31 )-on thethirteenth-to-fourteenth-century Islamic reformer lbn Taymiyya-sought to “reexplain” his views with greater historical and philosophical sophistication.3 Still an active and controversial figure in Indonesian Islamic debates, Madjid now heads a private Islamic research institute.
Islam and Humanism
Authors: Dia Mamadiou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mamadiou Dia (Senegal, born 191 I) was a schoolteacher, a headmaster, and a journalist before turning to politics in the mid-I 940s. He served as a senator of the French Republic, representing Senegal; then after independence, he was prime minister of Senegal for four years. Dia’s long collaboration with President Leopold Sedar Senghor, a non-Muslim, symbolized the relative absence of religious strife in Senegal, where the population is more than four-fifths Muslim. Nonetheless, Dia broke with Senghor in 1962 and was jailed for a dozen years. During his incarceration, Dia turned from politics to religion, integrating his fervent socialism into a theory of”lslamic humanism.”1In a series of books on Islam published after his release from prison, Dia argues that interpretation of Islam must respond positively to the modern world, as Christianity has. Dia refers frequently to recent French theology for inspiration and methodological guidance-the effect being an opacity somewhat different from the Qur’anic exegesis of other works in this book. cares there, but to draw from thence elements for the renovation and revitalization of Islamic philosophy.
Islam and Modernity
Authors: Rahman Fazlur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan-United States, 19 19-1988) was born and raised in the British colonies that would later become Pakistan. He embarked on an academic career that took him to graduate degrees at Punjab University and Oxford and teaching positions in Islamic philosophy in England and Canada. He returned to Pakistan in 1961 to lead the Central Institute of Islamic Research in Karachi, a state-sponsored organization that Rahman mobilized to battle religious traditionalists and radicals. Rahman’s modernist views were controversial: “his detractors referred to him as ‘the destroyer of hadiths [traditions of the Prophet]’ because of his insistence on judging the weight of hadith reports in light of the overall spirit of the Qur’an.”1 Rahman returned to academia in 1968 as a professor at the University of Chicago, where he continued to argue for a modem reinterpretation of lslam. “A measure of this leading thinker’s impact,” a colleague wrote after Rah man’s death in 1988, “is that wherever I have traveled in the world ... I have never met a Muslim scholar or other specialist on Islam who has not heard of Fazlur Rahman or who is neutral about his contributions.” those people who have been once as much as touched by traditional education, remain forever irreconcilably estranged from modem learning.”4 In the same work he quotes Muhammad ‘Abduh [Egyptian modernist, 1849-1905] as saying to him, after bemoan ing the plight of al-Azhar [University in Cairo], about the Egyptian products of Western education, “These are even more misguided.
Islam and the Challenge of the Modern World
Authors: Akhtar Shabbir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Shabbir Akhtar (Pakistan-England, born 1960) attended college in England and received his doctorate in the philosophy of religion in Canada. He worked for a time as a local community relations officer in England, but his calling appears to be broader in scope. Since the late 1980s, Akhtar has published a series of books that aim to speak for the Islamic community of England. At the same time, Akhtar has also taken on the role of religious reformer within this community. One of his primary themes is the need to con front and learn from modernity-a challenge that contemporary Islamic theology has shied away from, he argues.1 In A Faith for All Seasons, excerpted here, Akhtar is so successful at representing secular perspectives that “a number of Muslims felt he had lost his faith, and he was heavily criticised in the Muslim press.” theologies of scripture but also with the sometimes recalcitrant realities of a world and human nature under their usual tuition.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Authors: Kolb Robert , Hêche Aymeric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The period 1 August 2022–July 2023 is characterized by an intense activity. The International Court of Justice’s docket has never been so full, and the trend is clearly upwards. Four judgments were issued, the International Court of Justice ruled on four applications for provisional measures, and numerous hearings were conducted. The judgments were very different in scope and subject matter: law of international watercourses was at the heart of Chile v. Colombia, interpretation of treaties in Iran v. United States, the “Monetary Gold” principle in Guyana v. Venezuela, and the existence of customary international law in Nicaragua v. Colombia.
Postpartum Emergency Department Use Following Midwifery-Model vs Obstetrics-Model Care
Authors: Sorbara Carla , Ray Joel G. , Darling Elizabeth K. , Chung Hannah , Podolsky Sho , Stukel Therese A. 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e248676)
Midwives work in conjunction with obstetrics professionals and collaborate with other specialists when clinically indicated. Women receiving obstetrics care are often discharged quickly after birth and have only 1 follow-up visit at 6 weeks postpartum.
US Public Opinion About Reproductive Health Care in School-Based Health Centers
Authors: Haeder Simon F. , Marthey Daniel , Skinner Daniel 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Contraception 2024;132:110374)
Reproductive education and health services for adolescents are extremely variable, depending on location and community access. Restrictions on abortion and the end of Medicaid continuous enrollment have contributed to regressions in access to different varieties of reproductive health care, and thus research targeting ways to mitigate these regressions is paramount.
Exploring Global Barriers to Optimal Ovarian Cancer Care: Thematic Analysis
Authors: Sfeir Selina , Allen Lucy , Algera Marc Daniël , Morton Rhett , Farrell Rhonda , Brennan Donal , van Driel Willemien J. , Rijken Marcus J. , Eiken Mary , Sundar Sudha S. , Coleman Robert L. 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005449)
Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate, with a great deal of variation both within countries and between countries; the highest mortality rates are observed in countries with poor access to healthcare. Previous research has suggested that disparities in survival rates can stem from stage differences at the time of diagnosis, but in addition to this, there are observable differences that remain within each stage.
Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care: An ASCO Policy Statement
Authors: Tucker-Seeley Reggie , Abu-Khalaf Maysa , Bona Kira , Shastri Surendra , Johnson Wenora , Phillips Jonathan , Masood Azam , Moushey Allyn , Hinyard Leslie 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from JCA Oncol Pract 2024;20(5):621–630)
Factors that affect access to health care and represent conditions out of an individual’s control are collectively known as social determinants of health (SDOHs); health-related social needs (HRSNs) are related to these, being unmet needs that affect health and health care. In the United States, disparities in health care that are related to both SDOHs and HRSNs are prevalent despite years of research and efforts to minimize them.
Extradigital Symplastic Glomus Tumor and Review of the Literature
Authors: Niklinska Eva B. , Miller Jonathan , Zwerner Jeffrey P. , Boyd Alan S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
Symplastic glomus tumors are a rare subtype of glomus tumor defined by nuclear atypia without additional markers of malignancy such as large size, deep location, or atypical/prevalent mitotic figures. Glomus tumors, including the symplastic subtype, most commonly present in the subungual area with rarer extradigital presentation. To our knowledge, there have been less than 25 cases of symplastic glomus tumors described in the literature. Herein, we present a case of extradigital symplastic glomus tumor with review of the literature.
Latissimus Dorsi Free Flap: Subfascial Flap Dissection in a Case of Scalp and Forehead Reconstruction
Authors: Reynoso Rafael , Echeverría Alfonso , Mejia Rivera Samaria Estefania , Villasana Sánchez Jazmín 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Total avulsion of the scalp represents a therapeutic challenge with no consensus nowadays. Currently, microsurgical reimplantation is the reconstructive procedure of choice, but in case it is not feasible, the literature does not define an ideal treatment for an immediate reconstruction. We present the case of an 18-year-old woman with total avulsion of the scalp and forehead skin without possibility of reimplantation. We performed the surgical reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi free flap, and to achieve greater malleability, the flap was harvested without fascia. A large coverage was immediately achieved, and 1 year after the procedure, the patient showed excellent cranial symmetry and a high level of satisfaction. The optimal treatment of total avulsion of the scalp with no option of reimplantation remains a challenge. In our case, the subfascial dissection increased the flap area to cover the defect. Our procedure could be considered as an alternative surgical strategy in flap harvest, but more cases are needed.
Technique and Expected Benefit of Intraoperative Perfusion Imaging of Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Schäfer Benedikt , Freund Gerrit , Orr Jonah , Nolte Kay , Weis Joachim , Bahm Jörg , Beier Justus P. 
Published: November 2024

Summary:
Peripheral nerve surgery, particularly in cases of nerve compression syndrome (NCS), necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of intraneural blood flow, as localized reductions in nerve perfusion are integral to the etiopathogenesis of such conditions. Although nerve perfusion is currently guided by morphologic characteristics, this assessment is subjective and prone to bias. Intraoperative fluorescence-assisted perfusion imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) is an established tool in flap and lymphatic surgery to objectively assess perfusion intraoperatively. However, only a few unspecific applications of ICG in peripheral nerve surgery have been published so far. In this study, we performed intraoperative perfusion imaging using ICG in 16 consecutive operations within the peripheral nervous system, including microsurgical reconstructions after obstetric brachial plexus injury, decompression for NCS, and vascularized ulnar nerve interposition transfers. Our findings show the utility of ICG in delineating healthy perfusion borders at proximal and distal stump levels after neuroma resection, and we demonstrate a correlation between histological findings and these clinically observed perfusion patterns. In NCS cases, we demonstrate that ICG imaging is effective in highlighting reduced perfusion predecompression and improved perfusion postdecompression. Additionally, ICG proved valuable for assessing perfusion of free vascularized nerve grafts. Intraoperative ICG perfusion imaging is a valuable tool during surgery of the peripheral nervous system, providing insights into the etiopathogenesis of NCS and aiding in the visualization of perfusion. This study underscores the potential of ICG in nerve surgery and its applicability for improving surgical outcomes and advancing our understanding of peripheral nerve pathologies.
Novel Technique to Close Stellate Corneal Lacerations
Authors: Brooks Steven E. , Johnson Alex , Kreuger Emily A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The study was performed to evaluate and optimize a novel technique to close stellate corneal lacerations in a wet laboratory environment.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-one ex vivo porcine eyes with standardized, experimentally created stellate corneal lacerations were assigned to one of three surgical repair techniques. In Group 1 (n = 9), lacerations were closed with simple interrupted sutures only. In Group 2 (n = 7), a large-radius central purse string was used in addition to simple interrupted sutures. In Group 3 (n = 5), a small-radius central purse string was used in addition to simple interrupted sutures. Wound stability was assessed by determining the intraocular pressure (IOP) at which wound leak occurred.

Results:
Group 3 eyes demonstrated a mean wound leak IOP of 56.1 mm Hg (range 32–90.3) compared with groups 1 and 2, which demonstrated mean wound leak IOPs of 6.4 mm Hg (range 1.9–19) and 13.3 mm Hg (range 2.8–31), respectively. These differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.015, respectively, compared with Group 3).

Discussion:
The use of a small-radius internal purse-string suture, when combined with simple interrupted sutures, produced a highly effective watertight closure in experimentally created stellate corneal lacerations, significantly outperforming approaches using only interrupted sutures or a large-radius purse string. The use of a small-radius purse-string suture should be considered for clinical use in the repair of stellate corneal lacerations.
The case for geography in nursing practice
Authors: Krainak Kelly S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The discipline of geography is an increasingly necessary lens required to understand population-level diseases. Syndemics, or co-occurring diseases or epidemics within a specific population, are contextualized by place—preexisting social, economic, and political structures. Nurse practitioners are well-positioned to critically assess the impact of geography on patient health and well-being. This perspective provides a brief summary of syndemic crises, with a case example in the West Virginia coalfields. The position of this paper is one that supports geography, in addition to social determinants of health, as a framework for syndemics. A geographic perspective provides a more comprehensive picture of marginalized populations and regions facing the phenomenon. Given the significance of holistic nursing, attention to the role of geography in syndemics provides an increased dimension of care and treatment.
Decreased mortality in patients with fragility fracture of a fracture liaison service coordinated by Chile's first nurse practitioner
Authors: Leyan Sandra , Olate Catalina Vidal , Klaber Ianiv , Kelly-Weeder Susan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Fragility fractures have significant sequelae, including pain, loss of mobility, and increased risk of mortality. Fracture liaison services (FLS) represent a coordinated, interdisciplinary approach to secondary prevention and reduce mortality.

Purpose:
To investigate the effectiveness and patient outcomes regarding readmission and mortality of a newly developed, nurse practitioner (NP) coordinated FLS in Chile.

Methodology:
Retrospective longitudinal analysis of 214 patients who agreed to participate in a FLS was conducted. Variables studied include patient age, gender, anatomical fracture site, dual x-ray absorptiometry scans, medication, readmission information, and mortality. Demographics and clinical data were collected and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate statistics. Kaplan–Meier curves and log-rank tests were performed to compare survival curves between those who did and did not participate in the FLS.

Results:
The study sample was predominantly female (85%) with a mean age of 76 (SD: 12; range 41–101) years. The most frequently noted fracture sites were hip (n = 167), wrist (n = 132), and spine (n = 72). At one-year follow-up, the FLS group had a significantly lower mortality (5%, 10 patients) than those who did not participate in the program (12% [N = 50], p = .005). The Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients who participated in the FLS had significantly better survival rates than those who did not participate.

Conclusions:
Significantly improved survival rates were observed in FLS patients. Chile's first FLS demonstrated improved patient outcomes, specifically a reduced mortality in patients who were enrolled in the FLS.

Implications:
The NP role was fundamental in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with osteoporosis.
Diagnosis and Management of Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: A Comprehensive Review of Major Guidelines
Authors: Giouleka Sonia , Tsakiridis Ioannis , Emmanouilidou Garyfallia , Boureka Eirini , Kalogiannidis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Importance
Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) represents a significant contributor of maternal and neonatal morbidity complicating a significant proportion of pregnancies worldwide.

Objective
The aim of this review was to summarize and compare the most recently published guidelines on the diagnosis and management of this critical pregnancy complication.

Evidence Acquisition
A comparative review of 3 recently updated national guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada on PPROM was conducted.

Results
There is an overall agreement that the diagnosis of PPROM should be mainly based on sterile speculum examination and patient’s history, followed by additional tests in equivocal cases, although the accuracy and contribution of both ultrasound and amniotic proteins tests in the diagnosis remain debatable. Following PPROM confirmation, all guidelines recommend the performance of vaginal and rectal swabs, the evaluation of fetal and maternal status, the administration of antibiotics and corticosteroids, and the immediate induction of labor, if severe complications are identified. Expectant management from viability until late preterm period is universally recommended; nevertheless, there are discrepancies on the optimal timing of delivery. Magnesium sulfate should be administered in case of imminent preterm delivery; however, there is no consensus on the upper gestational age limit. Recommendations on inpatient and outpatient management of PPROM are also inconsistent. Moreover, there is no common guidance on the use of tocolysis or antibiotic regimens. Finally, all medical societies agree that closer surveillance of future pregnancies is required.

Conclusions
PPROM remains the most common identifiable risk factor of preterm delivery, despite constant improvement in prenatal provision of care. Thus, the establishment of consistent international practice protocols for the timely and accurate diagnosis and the optimal management of this complication seems of vital importance and will hopefully lead to significant reduction of the associated adverse outcomes.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to (1) describe the diagnostic methods of PPROM; (2) identify all the PPROM-related complications indicating immediate delivery; and (3) explain the appropriate management techniques of PPROM based on gestational age.
Implications of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure on Childhood Neurodevelopmental Outcomes: A Summary of the Clinical Evidence
Authors: Sheffield Sydney Mei , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Murphy Susan Kay , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Schaumberg Jordan Enns 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Importance
Cannabis is commonly used by pregnant patients for alleviation of pregnancy-associated symptoms. Multiple national medical associations have recommended against prenatal cannabis use, yet misinformation regarding its safety and efficacy remains prevalent in public discourse. Effective and evidence-based patient counseling on prenatal cannabis use requires a thorough understanding of the existing data on fetal neurodevelopment.

Objective
The aim of this study was to summarize the existing clinical literature on the impacts of intrauterine cannabis exposure on offspring neurodevelopment.

Evidence Acquisition
Articles were identified via literature search in PubMed and OVID; relevant articles were reviewed.

Results
Limited data have shown associations between intrauterine cannabis exposure and (1) increased startles and difficulty with consolation in the neonatal period, (2) memory challenges, verbal reasoning challenges, and diminished academic performance during early childhood, and (3) inattention, hyperactivity, and aggression during early childhood. Further research with large and diverse samples that use objective measures of cannabis use across multiple time points in pregnancy is required to assess causation, the true extent of impacts, and dose-dependent effects.

Conclusions and Relevance
The existing clinical data regarding the impacts of prenatal cannabis use on fetal neurodevelopment are limited by important confounders like genetic predisposition, concomitant tobacco and other substance use during pregnancy, and low socioeconomic status. However, the theoretical and demonstrated associations between prenatal cannabis use and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes are compelling enough to warrant complete abstinence during pregnancy, pending further research. Providers can utilize this summary to offer data-driven guidance on prenatal cannabis use for pregnant patients.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, certified nurse midwives, family physicians, and prenatal doulas

Learning Objectives
After reading this article, the provider will be better able to describe the pharmacologic impacts of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in pregnancy; discuss the existing clinical literature regarding impacts of prenatal cannabis use on fetal neurodevelopment; and explain how to provide evidence-based and patient-centered counseling on prenatal cannabis use.