bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The future of geography field course pedagogy in UK higher education
Authors: Woodley Ewan , Barr Stewart , Batty Lesley , Bickerstaff Karen , Darvill Christopher , Ferdous Raihana , Holmes Naomi , Jon Ihnji , Lynch Kenny , Martin Julian , Marvell Alan , McDougall Derek , Pitt Hannah , Singleton Aled , Souch Catherine , Yorke Lynda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractField courses are widely regarded as integral to geography degree programmes, providing students with opportunities for experiential learning, often in unfamiliar international environments. Yet, this key area of pedagogy appears increasingly unsustainable and complex for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) within the context of the urgent need for decarbonisation, increasing financial costs, and the institutional challenges of comprehensively embedding necessary Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) considerations into these activities. Here, we report on a national‐level workshop (April 2024) that brought together a wide range of HE practitioners to discuss the future of UK field course pedagogy, using the fieldwork principles adopted by the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) (RGS‐IBG) in 2020 as a basis for framing future discourse. Using a Three Horizons approach to guide our conversations, we critically explored the (un)sustainability of current academic and institutional practices, alongside future directions and ‘disrupting’ (innovative) practices for promoting transformative change in this area of education. Here, we argue for two sector‐wide discussions that require collaborative engagement with practitioners, institutions and students. Firstly, we highlight the urgent need for transparent and critical reflection on the challenges and hypocrisy of aeromobility in academia and the need for more widespread adoption of low‐carbon (‘slower’) modes of travel. Secondly, we call for the immediate reconceptualization of field course pedagogy to place EDI considerations at the core of field course design and practice, aiding a transition towards Universal Design for Learning (UDL). As such, we call on the geography community in higher education to engage in critical reflection on how we take meaningful and urgent action to address the disconnect between our stated educational values around environmental sustainability and EDI, and our actual educational practices.
Feldversuche zu Geogitter stabilisierten Tragschichten mit gebundenem Oberbau über weichem Untergrund mit hohem Quellvermögen
Authors: Klompmaker Jörg , Shahkolahi Amir , Gallage Chaminda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUm die Stabilisierungs‐ und Bewehrungswirkung von Geogittern in ungebundenen Tragschichten mit gebundenem Oberbau zu untersuchen, wurde 2018 in einem ländlich gelegenen Wohngebiet südlich der Metropole Brisbane, Australien, ein großmaßstäblicher Feldversuch über weichem, hoch quellfähigem Ton durchgeführt. Im Zuge einer Straßensanierung wurden verschiedene Testfelder mit variablen Geogitteranordnungen angelegt, um eine quantitative Bewertung der Stabilisierungs‐ und Bewehrungswirkung durch den Einfluss der verwendeten gelegten und gereckten Geogitter aus monolithischen Stäben zu ermöglichen: sowohl im Hinblick auf ihren anfänglichen Beitrag zur Tragfähigkeitserhöhung als auch auf ihren langfristigen Nutzen hinsichtlich der Verlängerung der Gebrauchstauglichkeit der Asphaltdeckschichten. Während der Bauphase wurden in allen Testfeldern umfangreiche Baugrunduntersuchungen durchgeführt, sodass der anfängliche Zustand des Untergrunds und der ungebundenen Tragschicht ausführlich charakterisiert wurde. Nach Fertigstellung wurden die Testfelder im Rahmen eines Monitorings durch eingebaute Messtechnik fortlaufend überwacht. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Baugrunduntersuchungen, den Bau der Testfelder sowie die Ergebnisse des Monitorings drei Jahre nach Verkehrsfreigabe der Straße.
An enterprise technical architecture for the implementation of the South African National Health Insurance
Authors: Iyamu Tiko , Chitsa Farirai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe South African National Health Insurance (NHI) faces challenges due to a lack of an enterprise technical architecture (ETA) solution, for the implementation. This study aims to propose an ETA, to enable and support the implementation of the South African ETA. The qualitative method was employed in the data collection. Actor‐network theory (ANT) was applied as a lens to examine the data. The findings reveal several critical influencing factors, including readiness assessment, geographical locations of stakeholders; diversity of healthcare facilities; flexibility of technology solutions; and synchronization of processes and patients' data. The study highlights the need to provide governance for the technologies that influence the implementation of NHI. Based on the influencing factors, a framework was developed. The framework is intended to provide architectural governance (principles, standards, and policies), to efficiently and effectively, facilitate, support, and enable the implementation of the South African NHI.
Adolescent mental time travel predicting meaning in life: The potential mediating role of self‐continuity
Authors: Yuan Muzi , Yin Yue , Liu Junsheng , Sang Biao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionKnowing who we are and what we are living for helps us to better adjust in everyday life and confront negative life events, especially for adolescents who are going through critical developmental periods when changes in life could bring both psychopathology risk yet opportunity to achieve a better self. The current study focused on mental time travel, the mental visit to the past or future, and examined the impact on adolescents' perceived meaning in life, with the potential mediating factor of self‐continuity.MethodsA total of 1543 high school students aged 12 to 18 years old (Mage = 15.02, SDage = 1.58, 52% girls) from Jiangsu Province, China were recruited in a two‐wave longitudinal survey that separated by an interval of 6 months. Participants reported their proneness to engage in nostalgia or future prospection at T1 and sense of self‐continuity at T2, while the perceived meaning in life were reported at both time points. The latent structural equation models were established with items as indicators for all study variables.ResultsMental time travel, including both nostalgia and future prospection, facilitated adolescent meaning in life via increased self‐continuity, except that future prospection showed only positive indirect effect, while nostalgia demonstrated direct yet negative impact on meaning in life after accounting for the positive mediation effect.ConclusionsFindings highlighted the distinct effects of the past‐ and future‐oriented mental time travel on adolescent meaning in life, and provided insights for promoting adolescent psychological adjustment.
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for the Symptomatic Treatment of Scleromyxedema: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Lanehart Matthew H. , Johnson Erika S. , Aqui Nicole A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTScleromyxedema is a rare skin mucinosis often associated with systemic involvement and monoclonal gammopathy (MG). No formal recommendation for management with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has been published due to rarity. This paper reports a 42‐year‐old male with progressive scleromyxedema. The patient was treated with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, but the disease progressed. Ultimately, the patient was referred for TPE, which resulted in decreased skin stiffness, improved extremity range of motion, and decreased visibility of papules on the hands. The patient's debilitating dysphagia gradually improved. A review of the literature focusing on clinical response identified five cases of scleromyxedema patients treated with TPE. Three of the five cases reported significant improvement in cutaneous symptoms and range of motion for at least 12 months. Overall, we propose that TPE should be considered an effective supportive treatment for symptomatic relief in severe or refractory scleromyxedema.
Structural and Functional Insight Into YefM–YoeB Complex of Toxin–Antitoxin System From Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Kim Do‐Hee , Lee Yong‐Chan , Jin Chenglong , Kang Sung‐Min , Kang Su‐Jin , Kang Hoon‐Seok , Lee Bong‐Jin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumonia is a Gram‐positive and facultative anaerobic bacterium that causes a number of diseases, including otitis media, community‐acquired pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. With the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains, there is an urgent need to develop antibiotics with a novel mechanism. The toxin–antitoxin (TA) system, which is primarily found in prokaryotes, consists of a toxin and its equivalent antitoxin genes. The YefM–YoeB module is a Type II TA system, where the YoeB toxin functions as a putative mRNA interferase upon activation, while the YefM antitoxin acts as a transcription repressor by binding to its promoter region along with YoeB. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of the YefM–YoeB complex from S. pneumoniae TIGR4 to comprehend the binding mechanism of the TA system. Furthermore, an in vitro ribonuclease activity assay was conducted to identify the ribonuclease activity of the YoeB toxin. Additionally, furthermore, the oligomeric state of the YefM–YoeB complex in solution was investigated, and a DNA‐binding mode was proposed. These structural and functional insights into the YefM–YoeB complex could provide valuable information for the development of novel antibiotics targeting S. pneumonia‐associated diseases.
The Role of Contact and Emotional Intelligence in the Attitudes of General Population Towards Individuals Living With Mental Illness
Authors: Andreopoulou Alexia , Vasiou Aikaterini , Mastrothanasis Konstantinos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMental illness stigma is still a widespread phenomenon with damaging psychological and social consequences. This study is of relevance to the design of appropriate psychiatric services which reinforce the social integration of individuals living with mental illness. It investigates the relationship between contact, emotional intelligence (EI) and attitudes of the general population towards people with mental illness. This study utilized a random sampling method to collect data from 183 participants. Measures included the EI Scale for assessing EI, the level of contact (LOC) Report to examine the LOC with mental illness, and the Attitudes towards Mental Illness Scale to evaluate attitudes towards mental illness. Each of these instruments has been validated in previous research. Data analysis involved Pearson's correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis to explore the relationships between variables. EI and particularly the abilities of use of emotion and other's emotional appraisal were associated with more positive attitudes towards mental illness. conversely, lower levels of contact were associated with higher levels of social care, indicating a complicated relationship between contact and attitudes. The findings highlight that a deeper understanding of the association between contact with individuals living with mental illness and attitudes towards them is needed, focusing on potential mechanisms that might modify this association. Additionally, a focal point that is underlined in this research is the important role of EI in affecting attitudes as it seems to offer promising directions in planning educational programs and stigma reduction interventions.
Estrogen Regulates Mitochondrial Activity Through Inducing Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Tse Margaret Chui Ling , Pang Brian Pak Shing , Bi Xinyi , Ooi Teresa Xinci , Chan Wing Suen , Zhang Jiangwen , Chan Chi Bun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEstrogen is an essential hormone for the development and functional activities of reproductive organs. Recent studies showed that estrogen signaling is also an important regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in a number of tissues, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We report here that estrogen is a stimulator of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis in the skeletal muscle. Estradiol (E2), but not testosterone, induces a dose‐ and time‐dependent BDNF production in cultured myotubes. Estrogen depletion in ovariectomized mice significantly reduced Bdnf expression in the glycolytic myofibers, which could be rescued after E2 administration. Mechanistically, E2 stimulation triggered the tethering of estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not ERβ, to the estrogen‐responsive element on promoter VI of the Bdnf gene in skeletal muscle. When Bdnf production was inhibited by shRNA in C2C12 myotubes, E2‐induced mitochondria activation and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expressions were jeopardized. Collectively, our results demonstrate that BDNF is an underrecognized effector of estrogen in regulating mitochondrial activity and fuel metabolism in the skeletal muscle.
Sarcopenia Is a Prognostic Factor of Adverse Effects and Mortality in Patients With Tumour: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Zhang Jingjing , Zhan Yunfan , Pan Zhe , Liu Qiaohong , Yuan Wei'an 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe relationship between sarcopenia and the prognosis of patients with tumours who received radio‐ and/or chemotherapy still needs to be determined. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and adverse effects and mortality in patients with tumours that received radio‐ and/or chemotherapy, stratified by study design, tumour category, the method sarcopenia assessed, treatment options, study location and among other factors.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched from inception to 15 August 2024, without language restrictions and with a manual search of references for additional articles retrieval. Cohort studies of ≥ 100 patients with tumours that evaluated the association between sarcopenia or muscle mass and the adverse effects or overall survival induced by radio‐ and/or chemotherapy were included.ResultsThirty‐nine studies were included, involving 8966 patients with tumours, including 3383 patients with sarcopenia. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with tumours was 0.42 (95% CI 0.36–0.48, p < 0.001) overall. The prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in Oceania patients 0.60 (95% CI 0.28–0.89, p < 0.001), those with reproductive tumour 0.57 (95% CI 0.30–0.83, p < 0.001), and sarcopenia assessed by the lumbar‐skeletal muscle index 0.46 (95% CI 0.39–0.53, p < 0.001) than in other subgroups, but not show significant differences in sex. Sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of adverse effects in patients who received radio‐ and/or chemotherapy, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.44 (95% CI 1.21–1.71, p < 0.001). Retrospective studies (RR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.24–1.79; p < 0.001), sarcopenia assessed by other methods (RR = 2.98; 95% CI 1.52–5.87; p < 0.001), and patients in Europe (RR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.15–3.22; p = 0.013), received chemoradiotherapy (RR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.23–1.76; p < 0.001), and with head and neck tumours (RR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.17–2.01; p = 0.010) had higher relative risk than other subgroups. Sarcopenia was also associated with reduced overall survival in patients with tumours, with a pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 1.66 (95% CI 1.40–1.96, p < 0.001). Prospective studies (HR = 1.72; 95% CI 0.97–3.07; p = 0.065), sarcopenia assessed by the cervical‐skeletal muscle index (HR = 2.66; 95% CI 1.73–4.09; p < 0.001), and patients in Asia (HR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.50–2.42; p < 0.001), received chemoradiotherapy (HR = 1.85; 95% CI 1.46–2.45; p < 0.001) and with head and neck tumours (HR = 2.35; 95% CI 1.88–2.95; p < 0.001) had higher HR than other subgroups.ConclusionsSarcopenia was associated with a higher risk of adverse effects and mortality in patients with tumours received radio‐ and/or chemotherapy.
Comprehensive data of 5085 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis between 2013 and 2017: Fourth report of a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Katsunori , Beppu Toru , Honda Goro , Kotake Kenjiro , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takahashi Keiichi , Endo Itaru , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Itabashi Michio , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Kotera Yoshihito , Kobayashi Shin , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Kawai Kazushige , Natsume Soichiro , Tabuchi Ken , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Yamaguchi Kensei , Tani Kimitaka , Morita Satoshi , Ajioka Yoichi , Miyazaki Masaru , Sugihara Kenichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) was established to improve treatment outcomes in patients with CRLM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transition in the characteristics and treatment strategies of patients with CRLM and to analyze the prognostic factors. The data of 5085 patients newly diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 were compared with those of 3820 patients from 2005 and 2007. In patients who underwent hepatectomy (n = 2759 and 2163), the number of CRLMs was significantly higher and in the 2013–2017 data than in the 2005–2007 data (median 2 vs. 1; p = .005). Overall survival (OS) rates after diagnosis of CRLM after hepatectomy were better in the 2013–2017 data than that in the 2005–2007 data (5‐year OS, 62.4% vs. 56.7%, p < .001). Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) after hepatectomy was comparable between the groups (5‐year RFS, 30.5% vs. 30.7%; p = .068). Multivariate analyses identified age at diagnosis of CRLM ≥70 years, lymph node metastasis of primary lesion, preoperative carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19–9 value >100 U/mL, number of CRLM 2–4, and R2 resection as independent predictors of OS. Synchronous CRLM, concomitant extrahepatic metastasis, lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis of primary lesion, preoperative CA19‐9 value >100 U/mL, number of CRLM 5–, and nonlaparoscopic approach were selected as that of RFS. Despite having a higher prevalence of advanced stage CRLM in the 2013–2017 patient population compared to the 2005–2007 cohort, prognostic outcomes demonstrably improved in the later period.
In‐utero exposure to tenofovir‐containing pre‐exposure prophylaxis and bone mineral content in HIV‐unexposed infants in South Africa
Authors: Reddy Kerusha , Naidoo Kimesh L. , Lombard Carl , Godlwana Zukiswa , Desmond Alicia C. , Clark Richard , Rooney James F. , Gray Glenda , Moodley Dhayendre 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a common drug of choice for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or as a combination HIV treatment for pregnant women. In‐utero exposure to TDF was found to be associated with lower bone mineral content (BMC) in HIV‐exposed uninfected neonates. Data for infants born to women taking TDF‐PrEP are lacking. The CAP016 randomized control trial was conducted in South Africa between September 2017 and August 2021 and pregnant women either initiated TDF/FTC PrEP in pregnancy (Immediate PrEP arm‐IP) or at cessation of breastfeeding (Deferred PrEP arm‐DP). In a secondary data analysis, we evaluated BMC in HIV‐unexposed infants in the CAP016 trial in the first 18 months of life in association with maternal TDF‐PrEP use during pregnancy.MethodsInfants born to women randomized to the IP arm or DP arm in the CAP016 clinical trial had BMC measurements of the whole body with head (WBH) and lumbar spine (LS) by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 6, 26, 50 and 74 weeks.ResultsOf 481 infants born to women enrolled in the CAP016 clinical trial, 335 (69.6%) infants had a minimum of one DXA scan of the WBH and LS between 6 and 74 weeks of age (168 IP and 167 DP). Women in the IP arm received TDF‐FTC PreP for a median of 19 weeks between initiation in pregnancy and delivery. Using a mixed linear regression model and adjusted for gestational age, sex and ever‐breastfed, the mean difference (95% CI) for BMC of the WBH between IP and DP arms were −0.74 (−8.69 to 7.20), −1.26 (−10.75 to 8.23), −9.17 (−20.02 to 1.69) and 5.02 (−6.74 to 16.78) g at 6, 26, 50 and 74 weeks (p = 0.283). Mean differences in BMC of the LS were 0.07 (−0.10 to 0.23), 0.02 (−0.18 to 0.22), −0.14 (−0.36 to 0.09) and 0.14 (−0.11 to 0.38) g at 6, 26, 50 and 74 weeks, respectively (p = 0.329).ConclusionsIn a randomized controlled trial, there were no differences in BMC of the WBH and LS between infants exposed to in‐utero TDF‐FTC PrEP and unexposed infants in the first 18 months of life.
Current global vitamin and cofactor prescribing practices for primary mitochondrial diseases: Results of a European reference network survey
Authors: Neugebauer Julia , Reinson Karit , Bellusci Marcello , Park Julien H. , Hikmat Omar , Bertini Enrico , Schiff Manuel ,   MetabERN PM‐MD Consortium authors, Rahman Shamima 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrimary mitochondrial diseases (PMD) account for a group of approximately 400 different genetic disorders with diverse clinical presentations and pathomechanisms. Although each individual disorder is rare, collectively they represent one of the largest groups in the field of inherited metabolic disorders. The complexity of PMD results in a continued lack of therapeutic options, necessitating a predominantly symptomatic treatment approach for affected patients. While a subset of diseases responds exceptionally well to treatment with specific vitamins or cofactors, for most PMD systematic reviews were not able to show significant benefit. This is in discrepancy to their continued frequent use among specialists. To gain further insight into the current clinical practice of vitamin and cofactor supplementation among clinicians treating children and adults affected by PMD, we conducted a worldwide cross‐sectional questionnaire study exploring the choice of substances and the specific diseases where they are applied. To our knowledge, this is the first global study exploring this topic and featuring a high response rate from paediatricians. The vast majority (95%, 106/112) of responding specialists recommended the use of vitamins and cofactors, either in an agnostic approach irrespective of the specific PMD or directed to the treatment of specific diseases or phenotypes. Our study highlights significant regional and specialty‐specific differences in supplementation practices. We provide some preliminary insights into specialist‐based opinions regarding the use of vitamins and cofactors in PMD and highlight the need for more rigorous clinical and preclinical investigations and/or clear consensus statements.