bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of innovation in industry
Authors: Ramos Marco Andre Willey , Figueiredo Paulo S. , Pereira-Guizzo Camila 
Published: August 2018

PurposeToday, organizations must be able to create innovative strategies, and creative performance depends on knowing what hinders or stimulates creativity. This paper aims to determine which factors in the workplace environment positively or negatively affect creativity by analyzing individuals’ perceptions in a sample of Brazilian industrial companies.Design/methodology/approachThe discussion is based on the componential theory of creativity and the use of a recognized research instrument (KEYS). A regression analysis was carried out, using eight environmental factors related to creativity. The purpose of the collection is to observe the statistical relationships between the scales of the factors and the results related to creativity.FindingsAmong the eight factors of the original componential theory, only three were found to have a significant impact on the creative process: organizational incentives, challenging work and support from the work group.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample in this study was relatively small, and a larger sample will be required to undertake factor analysis.Practical implicationsPossible implications for the management of innovation in the Brazilian context are discussed in light of these results.Originality/valueThis study contributed to the production of knowledge, still scarce in the country, about the search for creative solutions through the work environment by confirming which factors are significant and determinants of creative performance and challenging factors that had already been proven by other studies in non-Brazilian contexts.
Prospects of applying 3-D printing to economics of remote communities
Authors: Obydenkova Svetlana , Anzalone Nicholas C. , Pearce Joshua M. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeIsolated communities face a variety of inconveniences including severe remoteness, poor roads and extreme climate conditions, resulting in the lack of security of supply chains and exorbitant prices for cargo delivery. This paper aims to investigate the present advantages and prospects of applying 3-D printing to improve economics and everyday life of remote communities, reindeer herder case taken as an example.Design/methodology/approachThis study covers the use of a low-cost open-source 3-D printer (RepRap) capable of fused filament fabrication to reduce operating costs for nomadic reindeer herder groups. Three case studies are provided for reindeer-specific applications to probe economic and technical viability of the technology, namely, ear-tags, electric fence components and lasso accessories.Findings3-D printed objects feature technical characteristics similar to those of analogues available on the market while reducing the price by 63 per cent. Distributed 3-D printing reduces the cost of raw materials by 68 per cent and shipping costs by 50 because of lower trip frequency. If all reindeer herders globally were to adopt distributed manufacturing of the three aforementioned sample items only, their annual savings from such solution would amount to US$2m. The paper discovers other economic, entrepreneurial, technical and environmental opportunities offered by 3-D printing put to service the needs of remote communities.Research limitationsAs the paper is the first-ever study of 3-D printing potential applied to the reindeer husbandry case, it is based on a more thorough analysis of the techno-economic feasibility of the technology, while cultural and entrepreneurial factors have been discussed as preconditions only.Practical implicationsThe paper might serve as a valuable source of information for entrepreneurs, as well as for students and academics for further case studies in this area.Originality/valueIn remote conditions, 3-D printing offers a more sustainable way of good manufacturing. Numerous open source designs already available for specialists, financial effectiveness, environmental benefits and vast opportunities for entrepreneurs are among the most promising advantages of the technology.
Moderating role of education on succession process in small family businesses in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan , Yaseen Muhammad Rizwan 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enhance the longevity and improve the succession process in small family businesses sustaining in Pakistan. Family businesses perform an active role in economic development of any country. Statistics shows, 30/13/3 business transfers into subsequent generation in the interfamily business (Ward, 2016).Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 365 respondents who were either incumbents or successor in 135 small family businesses in Pakistan. Simple linear regression and process control analysis by Andrew Hayes are used for moderating variable analysis in SPSS20.FindingsThe results show that customer focus management, business strategies and governance board have a significant positive impact on the succession process of small family business in Pakistan. There is negative significant moderating impact of education on business strategies and customer focus management while there is no moderating impact of education over governance board and satisfaction with succession.Research limitations/implicationsThis study will help the family business incumbents to focus deliberately on the factors that influence the succession process so that business could be transferred to the subsequent generation successfully.Originality/valueThe previous research does not show the effect of education at different levels and importance of customer focus management toward the succession process.
Force field analysis of Indian automotive strategic sourcing risk management enablers and barriers
Authors: Kumar Sharma Satyendra , Singh Ravinder , Matai Rajesh 
Published: August 2018

PurposeStrategic sourcing and supply risk management have become interesting topics of research in the recent years. Automotive industry experts are increasingly focussing on improving the supply efficiency and performance towards gaining sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to classify, through an exhaustive review of past literature, the various enablers and barriers of strategic sourcing risk management (SSRM) and use them to identify the problems in the automobile sector.Design/methodology/approachFor the purpose of this research, responses were collected through structured questionnaire from respondents belonging to senior management cadre in the industry. Factor analysis and force field analysis tools have been used for analysis.FindingsThrough independent exploratory factor analysis (EFA), four SSRM enablers, namely, supplier risk assessment, data sharing in supply network, partnership with supplier and supply flexibility, were identified. Similarly EFA revealed four SSRM barriers, namely, cost focus,ad hocor poor planning, data security/privy breaches and hard visualization of SSRM benefits. Through a force field analysis, it was found out that the barriers had a higher impact on the SSRM initiatives than enablers.Practical implicationsThe research suggests the ways how managers can reduce the impact of barriers and increase the enabling forces.Originality/valueThis paper enumerates the barriers and enablers together on the same platform to prioritize and evolve strategies to overpower the barriers and strengthen the enablers.
The impact of job and family factors on work stress and engagement among Hong Kong police officers
Authors: Li Jessica C.M. , Cheung Jacky C.K. , Sun Ivan Y. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of demands from three life domains: society, workplace and family and different resources at the individual, family and supervisor levels on occupational stress and work engagement among Hong Kong police officers.Design/methodology/approachA survey based on a random sample of 514 male and female police officers was conducted, and multivariate regression was employed to assess the effects of demands and resources on work stress and work engagement.FindingsFamily–work conflicts, organizational and operational factors affected work stress and work engagement among police officers. Constructive coping was found to be positively related to work stress and negatively associated with work engagement.Research limitations/implicationsSurvey data collected from a single Chinese city may not be generalized to officers in other parts of China or Chinese societies with different social and political contexts.Originality/valueThe present study filled the knowledge gap about factors influencing police stress and engagement. This study provides insights into how to establish relevant contextual measures to reduce police work stress. This study represents one of the first attempts to use a random sample of police officers for the investigation of police stress in Hong Kong.
The Critically Designed Garden
Authors: Adams Jeff , Hyde Wendy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article is concerned with design applied to gardens, using examples from the Chelsea Flower Show in London. There is a discussion of those show gardens that represented Syrian refugees’ gardens in Iraq and the Windrush generation immigration to the UK. The garden designs combine the aesthetics of organic materials and spatial architecture with an implicit critique of topical contemporary social issues. The article concludes by commenting on the risks posed by the reduced and impoverished UK arts education policies for producing the next generation of applied design practitioners.
Optimal insurance under rank‐dependent utility and incentive compatibility
Authors: Xu Zuo Quan , Zhou Xun Yu , Zhuang Sheng Chao 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBernard, He, Yan, and Zhou (Mathematical Finance, 25(1), 154–186) studied an optimal insurance design problem where an individual's preference is of the rank‐dependent utility (RDU) type, and show that in general an optimal contract covers both large and small losses. However, their results suffer from the unrealistic assumption that the random loss has no atom, as well as a problem of moral hazard that provides incentives for the insured to falsely report the actual loss. This paper addresses these setbacks by removing the nonatomic assumption, and by exogenously imposing the “incentive compatibility” constraint that both indemnity function and insured's retention function are increasing with respect to the loss. We characterize the optimal solutions via calculus of variations, and then apply the result to obtain explicitly expressed contracts for problems with Yaari's dual criterion and general RDU. Finally, we use numerical examples to compare the results between ours and Bernard et al.
Glucocorticoids and sympathetic neurotransmitters modulate the acute immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Roggero Eduardo , del Rey Adriana , Wildmann Johannes , Besedovsky Hugo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that natural and adaptive immune responses can trigger neuroendocrine responses. Here, we discuss changes in the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and in autonomic nerves, predominantly of the sympathetic nervous system, in a mouse model of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. The endocrine response includes a marked increased release of glucocorticoid and a decrease of immune‐stimulatory hormones, such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, and growth hormone during infection. These endocrine changes result in reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, increased regulatory/effector T cell ratio, and thymus atrophy. The sympathetic activity in the spleen of infected mice is also markedly reduced. However, the residual sympathetic activity can modulate the immune response to the parasite, as shown by increased mortality and production of proinflammatory cytokines in sympathetically denervated, infected mice. The outcome of the neuroendocrine response is the moderation of the intensity of the immune response to the parasite, an effect that results in delayed mortality in susceptible mice, and favors the course toward chronicity in more resistant animals.
The impact of dementia caregiving on self‐care management of caregivers and facilitators: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Rong , Liu Sheng‐Xin , Robinson Karen M. , Shawler Celeste , Zhou Lei 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundCaregivers of patients with dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD) face special health challenges due to the progressive nature of the disease. Self‐care has crucial importance on individuals’ management of life, health, and well‐being. However, limited evidence is available on self‐care management of dementia and AD caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the influence of caregiving on the self‐care management of dementia and AD caregivers based on the caregivers’ experience. In addition, the facilitators of caregivers’ self‐care management were assessed.MethodsA sample of 45 caregivers of patients with dementia or AD was recruited from a local community in the south‐eastern USA. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed by the method of cross‐case thematic analysis of qualitative data.ResultsAs reported by the caregivers, caregiving negatively influenced their self‐care management, including physical self‐care and mental and social self‐care. Both internal and external facilitators were found that can assist caregivers’ self‐care. Caregivers differ considerably in their demographic characteristics, caregiving tasks, and self needs.ConclusionSelf‐care management of dementia and AD caregivers can be largely affected by caregiving. Awareness, motivation, and knowledge of self‐care, as well as knowledge of health‐care resources, are important prerequisites for caregivers to achieve self‐care management. Given the massive differences in caregiving situations, future intervention studies based on the specific needs of individual caregivers are warranted.
Unraveling avian and reptilian hematology: An optical and electron microscopic study of the buffy coat
Authors: Fontes Pinto Filipe , Lopes Célia , Malhão Fernanda , Marcos Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBlood centrifugation and buffy coats are at the cornerstone of hematology. In mammals, the buffy coat has a layered disposition (from bottom to top) with neutrophils on top of erythrocytes, followed by monocytes/lymphocytes, and platelets. In nonmammals, this distribution is unknown. Recently, the cell tube block (CTB) technique was developed to study the buffy coat, but it was never applied to nonmammal buffy coats.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate using the CTB technique to study reptilian and avian buffy coats and to propose its use for clinical applications.MethodsBlood from five birds and eight reptiles of different species was obtained to make CTBs that were processed for optical/electron microscopy. H&E, Sirius red, and immunohistochemistry staining against CD3 (to label T lymphocytes) were applied to the CTBs.ResultsIn birds, the buffy coat had a layered appearance with the granulocyte layer containing granulocytes (heterophils and eosinophils) and nucleated erythrocytes followed by a mononuclear cell layer containing lymphocytes, monocytes, and thrombocytes. In some animals, a nucleated erythrocyte layer was observed admixed with the granulocyte/mononuclear cell layer. A small clot within the buffy coat was seen in seven reptiles, and less definition of layers occurred in reptiles, with only one or two layers. Lymphocytes appeared toward the top of the buffy coat.ConclusionsFrom a comparative hematology perspective, the buffy coat of mammals differs from that of birds and more from that of reptiles. The CTB technique can be used to study these differences in avian and reptilian hematology, especially to study atypical circulating cells, hemoparasites, or blood cell proportions in health and disease.
Sarcopenia as a Predictive Factor for Response to Upfront Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Authors:   Stangl-Kremser, Mari Andrea , D’Andrea David , Kimura Shoji , Resch Irene , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Klatte Tobias 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> We hypothesized sarcopenia as predictive factor as a response to upfront chemotherapy of muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively studied 30 patients who received upfront cisplatin-based chemotherapy for MIBC (pT2–4 N0/+ M0) before planned radical cystectomy. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated by CT at study baseline and following completion of chemotherapy. Patients were stratified according to the presence of sarcopenia. Endpoints included clinical and pathological response. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Sixteen of the 30 patients (53.3%) had sarcopenia at baseline. The median SMI was 51.2 cm<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup> (IQR 45.6–57.9). Throughout the course of chemotherapy, 22 patients (73.3%) experienced a decline in SMI, which ranged from 1 to 20% (median decline 3%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). All 16 patients with baseline sarcopenia persisted, while 5 of 14 patients (35.7%) without baseline sarcopenia became sarcopenic (<i>p</i> = 0.06). None of the clinical variables were predictive of clinical or pathological response, including SMI (<i>p</i> = 0.78 and <i>p</i> = 0.59), sarcopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.65 and <i>p</i> = 0.16) and SMI kinetics (<i>p</i> = 0.54 and <i>p</i> = 0.77). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Sarcopenia is present in a considerable proportion of patients with MIBC undergoing upfront cisplatin-based chemotherapy before planned RC. SMI decreases during treatment, but neither baseline SMI nor its kinetics is associated with response to chemotherapy.
The Prognostic Role of the Non-Canonical Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients
Authors: Lua Joanne , Qayyum Tahir , Edwards Joanne , Roseweir Antonia K. 
Published: August 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> In the United Kingdom, 8,000 cases of renal cancer are diagnosed each year, with a 5-year survival rate of 50%. Treatment options are limited; a potential therapeutic target is the non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. This pathway plays a role in multiple oncogenic processes in solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-canonical nuclear factor pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> NIK, IKKα, and RelB were investigated via immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 192 patients with clear cell renal cancer. <b><i>Results:</i></b> High cytoplasmic NIK was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (<i>p</i> = 0.006) and 10-year survival stratified from 85% (low) to 65% (high, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Similarly, high cytoplasmic RelB was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (<i>p</i> = 0.041) and 10-year survival stratified from 88% (low) to 73% (high, <i>p</i> = 0.030). When clinicopathological characteristics were assessed, cytoplasmic NIK was associated with survival (<i>p</i> = 0.014), whereas cytoplasmic RelB was associated with increased tumor grade (<i>p</i> = 0.020) and decreased inflammation (<i>p</i> = 0.019). Upon multivariate analysis, it was found that cytoplasmic NIK was independently associated with cancer-specific survival (<i>p</i> = 0.009). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The non-canonical NF-κB pathway is associated with poorer cancer-specific survival in RCC patients, making it a viable target for therapeutic intervention. Furthermore, cytoplasmic NIK is a potential prognostic biomarker for this disease.
High Stakes and Low Bars: How International Recognition Shapes the Conduct of Civil Wars
Authors: Landau-Wells Marika 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
When rebel groups engage incumbent governments in war for control of the state, questions of international recognition arise. International recognition determines which combatants can draw on state assets, receive overt military aid, and borrow as sovereigns—all of which can have profound consequences for the military balance during civil war. How do third-party states and international organizations determine whom to treat as a state's official government during civil war? Data from the sixty-one center-seeking wars initiated from 1945 to 2014 indicate that military victory is not a prerequisite for recognition. Instead, states generally rely on a simple test: control of the capital city. Seizing the capital does not foreshadow military victory. Civil wars often continue for many years after rebels take control and receive recognition. While geopolitical and economic motives outweigh the capital control test in a small number of important cases, combatants appear to anticipate that holding the capital will be sufficient for recognition. This expectation generates perverse incentives. In effect, the international community rewards combatants for capturing or holding, by any means necessary, an area with high concentrations of critical infrastructure and civilians. In the majority of cases where rebels contest the capital, more than half of its infrastructure is damaged or the majority of civilians are displaced (or both), likely fueling long-term state weakness.
Wayward Leadership and the Breakdown of Reform on the Failed Jesuit Mission to the Maronites, 1577-1579
Authors: Clines Robert John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn 1578, at the behest of Syriac Maronite Patriarch Mihail ar-Ruzzy, Pope Gregory XIII sent three Jesuits to Lebanon to assist the Maronites in ecclesiastical reform. However, the mission’s superior, Tommaso Raggio, desired to leave Lebanon, insulted Mihail, and did little to help the Maronites. Within a year of arriving, Raggio was recalled. The mission’s failure due to Raggio’s actions, especially when compared to subsequent successful missions, illuminates three aspects of Catholic missionary activity. First, missionaries and their superiors had to agree on a given mission’s specific objectives. Second, successful missions required missionaries who understood the world in which they found themselves. Third, evangelization was a negotiated process between the clergy and the faithful that often hinged on whether communities felt that missionaries were serving their needs. These three issues point to early modern missionary Catholicism’s need to be conciliatory rather than rigid in its evangelizing and reform efforts.