bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field testing & evaluation of the efficacy & duration of effectiveness of a biolarvicide, Bactivec® SC (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis SH-14) in Bengaluru, India
Authors: Uragayala Sreehari , Kamaraju Raghavendra , Tiwari Satyanarayan , Ghosh Susanta Kumar , Valecha Neena 
Published: June 2018

Background & objectives:
Different formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) have been tested against different mosquito vectors and other insects for their residual activity. In the present study, the efficacy and residual activity of a new formulation of Bti (Bactivec Suspension Concentrate) were evaluated against immature stages of Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), in natural habitats in Phase II and Phase III in Bengaluru, India.

Methods:
Preferential breeding habitats of the mosquito species were selected and four dosages (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/50 l) were tested in Phase II trial. Two most effective dosages, 0.5 and 1 ml/50 l were selected for Phase III trial. The evaluation was carried out essentially following the guidelines of the World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme. Pre-treatment and post-treatment densities were recorded at regular intervals, and >80 per cent reduction in pupae was taken as the duration of effectiveness.

Results:
Bactivec SC treated at the dosage of 1 ml/50 l could produce 10-17 days efficacy (>80% reduction in pupae) in clean water habitats tested, whereas 0.5 ml/50 l dosage showed residual activity from 7 to 14 days against Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi in Phase III studies. In polluted water habitats, 4-7 days efficacy could be recorded against Cx. quinquefasciatus in Phase III.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The Bactivec SC formulation was operationally feasible and easy to handle. For the control of Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes in freshwater habitats, 1 ml/50 l dosage was found effective, whereas in polluted water habitats against Cx. quinquefasciatus 5 ml/m2 was found effective.
Social capital, trust in health information, and acceptance of Measles–Rubella vaccination campaign in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Palanisamy B , Gopichandran V , Kosalram K 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Parents' decision about vaccination of children is influenced by social relationships and sources of information. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of social capital and trust in health information on the status of Measles–Rubella (MR) vaccination campaign in Tamil Nadu.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case–control study carried out in Kancheepuram district in Tamil Nadu where the MR vaccination campaign offered by Government of Tamil Nadu had poor acceptance. Cases were parents of children who had refused the MR vaccine and controls were parents having children in the same age group who had accepted the vaccine. Data on social capital and trust in health information were collected by using social capital scale developed by the researchers and trust in the source of information was measured by using simple questions on the level of trust in the information source.

Results:
Nonadministration of MR vaccine was high among young parents and parents of younger children. Vaccine acceptance was higher when it was offered at school (P < 0.000) and also among parents who trusted school teachers (P < 0.003) and other school children (P < 0.014) as source of information. MR vaccine acceptance was less among parents who trusted social media and WhatsApp information. Greater levels of health-related physical social capital led to greater vaccine hesitancy. Multivariate analysis revealed that greater the age of the child, better parental attitudes toward vaccination, poorer health-related physical social capital, and greater trust in health information provided by school teachers led to overall greater acceptance of the MR vaccine.

Conclusion:
Strong homogeneous bonding social capital had a negative influence on MR vaccine acceptance. Schools and school teachers played a vital role in influencing parental decision to vaccinate.
High summertime aerosol organic functional group concentrations from marine and seabird sources at Ross Island, Antarctica, during AWARE
Authors: Liu Jun , Dedrick Jeramy , Russell Lynn M. , Senum Gunnar I. , Uin Janek , Kuang Chongai , Springston Stephen R. , Leaitch W. Richard , Aiken Allison C. , Lubin Dan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Observations of the organic components of the natural aerosol are scarce in
Antarctica, which limits our understanding of natural aerosols and their
connection to seasonal and spatial patterns of cloud albedo in the region.
From November 2015 to December 2016, the ARM West Antarctic Radiation
Experiment (AWARE) measured submicron aerosol properties near McMurdo Station
at the southern tip of Ross Island. Submicron organic mass (OM), particle
number, and cloud condensation nuclei concentrations were higher in summer
than other seasons. The measurements included a range of compositions and
concentrations that likely reflected both local anthropogenic emissions and
natural background sources. We isolated the natural organic components by
separating a natural factor and a local combustion factor. The natural OM was
150 times higher in summer than in winter. The local anthropogenic emissions
were not hygroscopic and had little contribution to the CCN concentrations.
Natural sources that included marine sea spray and seabird emissions
contributed 56 % OM in summer but only 3 % in winter. The natural OM
had high hydroxyl group fraction (55 %), 6 % alkane, and 6 %
amine group mass, consistent with marine organic composition. In addition,
the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the natural sources of
organic aerosol were characterized by amide group absorption, which may be
from seabird populations. Carboxylic acid group contributions were high in
summer and associated with natural sources, likely forming by secondary
reactions.
Reviews and syntheses: Carbonyl sulfide as a multi-scale tracer for carbon and water cycles
Authors: Whelan Mary E. , Lennartz Sinikka T. , Gimeno Teresa E. , Wehr Richard , Wohlfahrt Georg , Wang Yuting , Kooijmans Linda M. J. , Hilton Timothy W. , Belviso Sauveur , Peylin Philippe , Commane Róisín , Sun Wu , Chen Huilin , Kuai Le , Mammarella Ivan , Maseyk Kadmiel , Berkelhammer Max , Li King-Fai , Yakir Dan , Zumkehr Andrew , Katayama Yoko , Ogée Jérôme , Spielmann Felix M. , Kitz Florian , Rastogi Bharat , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Marshall Julia , Erkkilä Kukka-Maaria , Wingate Lisa , Meredith Laura K. , He Wei , Bunk Rüdiger , Launois Thomas , Vesala Timo , Schmidt Johan A. , Fichot Cédric G. , Seibt Ulli , Saleska Scott , Saltzman Eric S. , Montzka Stephen A. , Berry Joseph A. , Campbell J. Elliott 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. For the past decade, observations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS or COS)
have been investigated as a proxy for carbon uptake by plants. OCS
is destroyed by enzymes that interact with CO2 during
photosynthesis, namely carbonic anhydrase (CA) and RuBisCO, where CA
is the more important one. The majority of sources of OCS to the
atmosphere are geographically separated from this large plant sink,
whereas the sources and sinks of CO2 are co-located in
ecosystems. The drawdown of OCS can therefore be related to the
uptake of CO2 without the added complication of co-located
emissions comparable in magnitude. Here we review the state of our
understanding of the global OCS cycle and its applications to
ecosystem carbon cycle science. OCS uptake is correlated well to
plant carbon uptake, especially at the regional scale. OCS can be
used in conjunction with other independent measures of ecosystem
function, like solar-induced fluorescence and carbon and water
isotope studies. More work needs to be done to generate global
coverage for OCS observations and to link this powerful atmospheric
tracer to systems where fundamental questions concerning the carbon
and water cycle remain.
Adherence of safety information on over‐the‐counter product labels and leaflets to the regulatory guidelines in Malaysia
Authors: Mittal Piyush , Gan Xin Yi , Sim Ai Ying , Yeo Jia Qi , Cheng Jiaxin , Shanmugham Suresh , Hasan Syed Shahzad 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the adherence of medication safety information provided on over‐the‐counter (OTC) product labels and patient information leaflets (PILs) to the Malaysian and international regulatory guidelines.MethodsA total of 133 randomly sampled OTC medications (gastrointestinal = 31, pain = 36, skin = 35, coughs and colds = 31) from 17 community pharmacies located around Klang Valley, Malaysia were evaluated. The adherence of relevant safety information provided on the OTC product labels and PILs from the manufacturing companies to the Malaysian and international regulatory guidelines was evaluated.ResultsThe majority of the products (n = 81) were locally manufactured, followed by 34 products from the European region. About 31% (n = 41) of the sampled OTC products were sold without PILs. Overall, 98% of the labels adhered to all the criteria, but none of the PILs adhered to all the parameters. Information on action to be taken in the case of a missed dose (96%), advice on consulting a doctor/pharmacist for further information (92%) and disposal instructions (98%) were generally missing. Surprisingly, none of the PILs included the compulsory statement which is essential for adverse drug reaction reporting. In addition, only 30% of the studied PILs provided information on the date of revision. Overall, imported products had slightly better adherence compared to locally manufactured products.ConclusionThe safety information stated on the OTC products marketed in Malaysia has room for improvement to ensure safe and effective use of these products. A uniform format and collective effort is needed to ensure consumers receive adequate information about OTC products.
Regional surveillance of parasitic infections in wild Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) utilizing a mobile research laboratory platform
Authors: Blanchard Kendall R. , Kalyanasundaram Aravindan , Henry Cassandra , Brym Matthew Z. , Kendall Ronald J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNorthern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), a popular gamebird among hunters, have been declining over recent decades in the Rolling Plains ecoregion. Investigations in the past few years have revealed a high prevalence of eyeworms (Oxyspirura petrowi) and caecal worms (Aulonocephalus pennula) in this ecoregion, prompting a need to better understand their host–parasite interaction and other factors that influence infection. In this study, the efficiency of a mobile laboratory was tested by deploying it to three field sites in the Rolling Plains between July and August of 2017 and collecting cloacal swabs from bobwhites. The DNA was extracted from swabs for quantitative PCR and was run in the mobile and reference laboratory to specifically detectA. pennulaandO. petrowiinfection. When compared with the Wildlife Toxicology's reference laboratory, the mobile laboratory had a 97 and 99% agreement forA. pennulaandO. petrowi, respectively. There were no significant differences in infection levels between field sites. Due to its efficiency, it is proposed that the mobile laboratory would be an effective way to monitor infection levels, in addition to factors that may affect infection such as climate, diapause, and intermediate host populations.
Discovery of the Most Ultra-Luminous QSO Using GAIA, SkyMapper, and WISE
Authors: Wolf Christian , Bian Fuyan , Onken Christopher A. , Schmidt Brian P. , Tisserand Patrick , Alonzi Noura , Hon Wei Jeat , Tonry John L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report the discovery of the ultra-luminous quasi-stellar object SMSS J215728.21−360215.1 with magnitude z = 16.9 and W4 = 7.42 at redshift 4.75. Given absolute magnitudes of M145, AB = −29.3, M300, AB = −30.12, and logLbol/Lbol, ⊙ = 14.84, it is the quasi-stellar object with the highest unlensed UV-optical luminosity currently known in the Universe. It was found by combining proper-motion data from Gaia DR2 with photometry from SkyMapper DR1 and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. In the GAIA database, it is an isolated single source and thus unlikely to be strongly gravitationally lensed. It is also unlikely to be a beamed source as it is not discovered in the radio domain by either NRAO-VLA Sky Survey or Sydney University Molonglo Southern Survey. It is classed as a weak-emission-line quasi-stellar object and possesses broad absorption line features. A lightcurve from ATLAS spanning the time from 2015 October to 2017 December shows little sign of variability.
Chalcomoracin is a potent anticancer agent acting through triggering Oxidative stress via a mitophagy- and paraptosis-dependent mechanism
Authors: Han Haote , Chou Chih-Chien , Li Ruyi , Liu Jiangyun , Zhang Lin , Zhu Wei , Hu Jin , Yang Bingxian , Tian Jingkui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChalocomoracin (CMR), one of the major secondary metabolites found in fungus-infected mulberry leaves, is a potent anticancer agent. However, its anticancer mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated the potent anti-tumor activity and molecular mechanism of CMR both in vitro and in vivo. We showed for the first time that CMR treatment markedly promoted paraptosis along with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, rather than apoptosis, in PC-3 and MDA-MB-231cell lines. Additional studies revealed that ectopic expression of Myc-PINK1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1), a key regulator of mitophagy, rendered LNCap cells susceptible to CMR-induced paraptosis, suggesting that the mitophagy-dependent pathway plays a crucial role in inducing paraptosis by activating PINK1. CMR treatment directly upregulated PINK1 and downregulated Alix genes in MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cell lines. Furthermore, mitophagy signaling and paraptosis with cytoplasmic vacuolation could be blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), indicating the novel pathway was triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. An in vivo MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor model revealed that CMR suppressed tumor growth by inducing vacuolation production through the same signal changes as those observed in vitro. These data suggest that CMR is a potential therapeutic entity for cancer treatment through a non-apoptotic pathway.
Polyaniline photoluminescence quenching induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes enriched in metallic and semiconducting tubes
Authors: Baibarac Mihaela , Matea Adelina , Daescu Monica , Mercioniu Ionel , Quillard Sophie , Mevellec Jean-Yves , Lefrant Serge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe influence of single-walled carbon nanotubes enriched in semiconductor (S-SWNTs) and metallic (M-SWNTs) tubes on the photoluminescence (PL) of polyaniline (PANI), electrosynthesized in the presence of the H2SO4 and HCl solutions, is reported. The emission bands peaked at 407–418 and 440–520 nm indicate that the electropolymerization of aniline (ANI) leads to the formation of short and longer macromolecular chains (MCs), respectively. We demonstrate that the reaction product consists of ANI tetramers (TT) and trimers (TR) as well as PANI-salt. Using Raman scattering and IR absorption spectroscopy, a covalent functionalization of SWNTs with shorter and longer MCs of PANI-salt is demonstrated. The presence of S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs induces a decrease in ANI TT weight in the reaction product mass consisting in S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs covalently functionalized with PANI-emeraldine salt (ES) and PANI-leucoemeraldine salt (LS), respectively. A PANI PL quenching is reported to be induced of the S-SWNTs and M-SWNTs. A de-excitation mechanism is proposed to explain PANI PL quenching.
The chemical NJ15 affects hypocotyl elongation and shoot gravitropism via cutin polymerization
Authors: Jaroensanti-Tanaka Naiyanate , Miyazaki Sho , Hosoi Akito , Tanaka Keisuke , Ito Shinsaku , Iuchi Satoshi , Nakano Takeshi , Kobayashi Masatomo , Nakajima Masatoshi , Asami Tadao 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
We previously found a chemical, designated as NJ15, which inhibited both auxin and brassinosteroid responses in dark-grown Arabidopsis. To study its mode of action, we performed a phenotypic screening of NJ15-low-sensitive lines among mutant pools of Arabidopsis. One line (f127) showed clear NJ15-low-sensitivity in terms of hypocotyl elongation and shoot gravitropism. After further testing, it was determined that DCR, an enzyme involved in cutin polymerization, had lost its function in the mutant, which caused its low sensitivity to NJ15. Fatty acids are the base materials for polymers such as cutin and cuticular wax. We confirmed that NJ15 affects fatty acid biosynthesis, and that it does differently from cafenstrole, a known inhibitor of cuticular wax formation. Based on these results, we propose that the target of NJ15 is likely located within the cutin polymer formation pathway.
Abbreviations: Caf: cafenstrole; DEG: differentially expressed gene; FDR: false discovery rate; FOX: full length cDNA-overexpressor; VLCFA: very-long-chain fatty acid
Which results of the standard test in community weighted mean approach are too optimistic?
Authors: Zelený David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionsCommunity weighted mean (CWM) approach analyses the relationship species attributes (like traits or Ellenberg-type indicator values) to sample attributes (environmental variables). Recently it has been shown to suffer from inflated Type I error rate if tested by standard parametric or (row-based) permutation test. Results of many published studies are likely influenced, reporting overly optimistic relationships that are in fact merely a numerical artefact. Can we evaluate results of which studies are likely to be influenced and how much?MethodsI suggest that hypotheses commonly tested by CWM approach are classified into three categories, which differ by assumption they make about the link of species composition to either species or sample attributes. I used a set of simulated and one simple real dataset to show how is the inflated Type I error rate influenced by data characteristics.ResultsFor hypotheses assuming the link of species composition to species attributes, CWM approach with standard test returns correct Type I error rate. However, for the other two categories (assuming link of species composition to sample attributes or not assuming any link) it returns inflated Type I error rate and requires alternative tests to control for it (column-based and max test, respectively). Inflation index is negatively related to the beta diversity of species composition and positively to the strength of species composition-sample attributes relationship and the number of samples in the dataset. Inflation index is also influenced by modifying species composition matrix (by transformation or removal of species). The relationship of CWM with intrinsic species attributes is a case of spurious correlation and can be tested by column-based (modified) permutation test.ConclusionsThe concept of three hypothesis categories offers a simple tool to evaluate whether given study reports correct or inflated Type I error rate, and how inflated the rate can be.
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra
Authors: Thomas Peter A. , Stone Duncan , La Porta Nicola 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabra Hudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.

Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi‐natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed. Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co‐occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior.

Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year’s growth. Seeds are wind‐dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under‐recorded.

The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm. Fortunately for its long‐term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.
Auto-ignition characteristics of diesel fuel in an O2–CO2 mixture
Authors: Liu Yongfeng , Zhao Tianpeng , Li Zhijun , Wang Fang , Yao Shengzhuo , Liang Xingyu , He Xu 
Published: June 2018

To study diesel fuel auto-ignition in an O2–CO2 mixture, a TZ (temperature zone) model is proposed. The effect of O2 and CO2 on reaction rate is considered. The relationship between temperature and ignition delay time is obtained. Different reduced mechanisms based on steady-state assumptions are applied in three temperature zones (T ≤ 800 K, 800 K < T ≤ 1100 K, T > 1100 K). The TZ model is coupled to KIVA-3V code for simulation calculations. To support the simulations, a constant-volume combustion bomb test bench is set up to visualize diesel fuel auto-ignition in air (21%O2–79%N2), a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture, and a 61%O2–39%CO2 mixture. Ignition delay time and the flame image in these three conditions are compared and analyzed. Then the flame temperature contour and the flame lift-off length in a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture and a 61%O2–39%CO2 mixture are analyzed. The results show that diesel fuel auto-ignition can be achieved in the tested O2–CO2 mixture. The TZ model can predict the auto-ignition characteristics of diesel fuel in a 53%O2–47%CO2 mixture and a 61%O2–39%CO2, with errors of 12% and 10%, respectively. In these two conditions, the ignition delay time and flame lift-off length are shorter than they are in air.
THE REFLECTION OF NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN KYRGUZ POETRY
Authors: Исаева Сайрабубу , Isaeva Sayrabubu 
Published: June 2018

The article is subjected to analyze the poet of «Ak maktym» is laureate of Toktogul State Prize of the Kyrgyz Republic, peoples poet of Kyrgyz Republic A. Omurkanov who is a member of «The spot of the sun» published in 1999.
The author exposing the specific examples reveals the (peculiarity) of novelty was written by on basic of well – known story of national legends, there was a special emphasis on the poets skill in working with creativity (literary) words and expose the bright and accurate images