bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The imperative to move toward a dimension of care in engineering education
Authors: Gunckel Kristin L. , Tolbert Sara 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe push for STEM has raised the visibility of engineering as a discipline that all students should learn. With the release of the Framework for K‐12 Science Education and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), engineering now has an official place in the science curriculum. In both the Framework and the NGSS, engineering is framed as a way to solve the world's greatest problems. Despite this potential, there are troubling aspects in the way that the Framework and NGSS present engineering and how engineering is taken up in the curriculum. In this article, we use critiques of technocracy, utilitarianism, and neoliberalism to analyze the portrayal of engineering in the Framework and NGSS. We claim that the Framework and NGSS promote a technocratic perspective that engineered solutions can all problems, ignoring the socio‐political foundations of many of the world's most pressing problems. Furthermore, both standards documents reflect a utilitarian ethic that promotes all progress as good and ignores issues of justice. Lastly, the Framework and NGSS betray neoliberal foundations that undermine education and engineering as public goods. To address some of these issues, others have argued for a greater emphasis on ethics. In response, we raise cautions because ethical framings present further intractable dilemmas. Instead, we draw on feminist theory to argue for reframing engineering education around an ethos of empathy and care. We call for a dimension of care that situates design problems in the full socio‐political context and centralizes issues of justice. We provide an illustration of how an NGSS example activity for designing solar cookers could incorporate a dimension of care that addresses issues of harm, power and inequality, and ecological (in)stability to provide students with opportunities to weigh and take responsibility for the real costs and benefits of their designs.
Nonlinear soil‐pile interaction for offshore wind turbines
Authors: Markou Athanasios A. , Kaynia Amir M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe current work presents a parametric study, which involves different generalized nonlinear mechanical formulations with different damping characteristics to account for the interaction between a monopile‐supported offshore wind turbine and the surrounding soil. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that recently developed nonlinear mechanical models used so far for the simulation of high‐damping rubber isolators are introduced to describe the nonlinear hysteretic soil behavior. More specifically, the first generalized mechanical model consists of a combination of elastoplastic and trilinear elastic elements (labeled as model 3), while the second model consists of trilinear hysteretic models connected in parallel with trilinear elastic springs and hysteretic dampers used to ensure that the unloading stiffness will be as close as possible to the initial stiffness of the system (labeled as model 4). These newly developed models are compared with well‐known models within the industry, namely, a model that comprises elastoplastic elements (labeled as model 1) and a model that comprises trilinear elastic springs (labeled as model 2). All these models provide exactly the same effective stiffness, but on the other hand different levels of damping are involved in each one of them. The goal of the present work is 3‐fold, introducing novel mechanical models for the simulation of soil behavior, to investigate the effect of different soil damping levels in the response of offshore wind turbines and to highlight the limitations of the commonly used models within the industry. To this end, the differences between the response due to different levels of damping characteristics and modeling approaches are shown, highlighting the importance of soil damping in the overall response of the system.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis: A survey
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Shuai , Liu Bing 
Published: March 2018

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful machine learning technique that learns multiple layers of representations or features of the data and produces state‐of‐the‐art prediction results. Along with the success of deep learning in many application domains, deep learning is also used in sentiment analysis in recent years. This paper gives an overview of deep learning and then provides a comprehensive survey of its current applications in sentiment analysis.This article is categorized under:

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Antenatal non-medical risk assessment and care pathways to improve pregnancy outcomes: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lagendijk Jacqueline , Vos Amber A. , Bertens Loes C. M. , Denktas Semiha , Bonsel Gouke J. , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Been Jasper V. , Steegers Eric A. P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSocial deprivation negatively affects health outcomes but receives little attention in obstetric risk selection. We investigated whether a combination of (1) risk assessment focused on non-medical risk factors, lifestyle factors, and medical risk factors, with (2) subsequent institution of risk-specific care pathways, and (3) multidisciplinary consultation between care providers from the curative and the public health sector reduced adverse pregnancy outcomes among women in selected urban areas in the Netherlands. We conducted a cluster randomised controlled trial in 14 urban municipalities across the Netherlands. Prior to the randomisation, municipalities were ranked and paired according to their expected proportion of pregnant women at risk for adverse outcomes at birth. The primary outcome was delivery of a preterm and/or small for gestational age (SGA) baby, analysed with multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis adjusting for clustering and individual baseline characteristics. A total of 33 community midwife practices and nine hospitals participated throughout the study. Data from 4302 participants was included in the Intention To Treat (ITT) analysis. The intervention had no demonstrable impact on the primary outcome: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.17 (95% CI 0.84–1.63). Among the secondary outcomes, the intervention improved the detection of threatening preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction during pregnancy [aOR 1.27 (95% CI 1.01–1.61)]. Implementation of additional non-medical risk assessment and preventive strategies into general practices is feasible but did not decrease the incidence of preterm and/or SGA birth in the index pregnancy in deprived urban areas.Trial registration Netherlands National Trial Register (NTR-3367).
Not intended, still embarrassed: Social anxiety is related to increased levels of embarrassment in response to unintentional social norm violations
Authors: Bas-Hoogendam Janna Marie , van Steenbergen Henk , van der Wee Nic J.A. , Westenberg P. Michiel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground:Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with altered social norm (SN) processing: SAD-patients rate stories on SN violations as more inappropriate and more embarrassing than healthy participants, with the most prominent effect for stories on unintentional SN violations (i.e. committing a blunder). Until now it’s unknown how levels of social anxiety (SA) are related to ratings of SN violations in the general population, in which SA-symptoms are present at a continuum. More insight in this relationship could improve our understanding of the symptom profile of SAD. Therefore, we investigated the relation between ratings of SN violations and SA-levels in the general population.Methods:Adults and adolescents (n = 87) performed the revised Social Norm Processing Task (SNPT-R) and completed self-report questionnaires on social anxiety. Repeated-measures ANCOVAs were used to investigate the effect of SA on the ratings of inappropriateness and embarrassment.Results:As hypothesized, participants with higher SA-levels rated SN violations as more inappropriate and more embarrassing. Whereas participants with low-to-intermediate SA-levels rated unintentional SN violations as less embarrassing than intentional SN violations, participants with high SA-levels (z-score SA ≥ 1.6) rated unintentional SN violations as equally embarrassing as intentional SN violations.Conclusion:These findings indicate that increased embarrassment for unintentional SN violations is an important characteristic of social anxiety. These high levels of embarrassment are likely related to the debilitating concern of socially-anxious people that their skills and behavior do not meet expectations of others, and to their fear of blundering. This concern might be an important target for future therapeutic interventions.
Formation of in situ VGCFs on carbon fibre felt by chemical vapour infiltration
Authors: Yan Mingyang , Yang Min , Ren Musu , Li Hong , Yu Mingming , Zhang Jiabao , Sun Jinliang 
Published: March 2018

In situ vapour grown carbon fibres (VGCFs) were fabricated on carbon felt by chemical vapour infiltration. In this work, the different conditions of the preparation process were determined to obtain VGCFs in large quantities, namely pressure in the reactor and concentration of the aqueous catalyst precursor solution. Observations regarding the growth process of the VGCFs reveal that the catalyst particles with a round shape and diameters of 1 μm or above are most likely to produce VGCFs. The final results indicate that the diameters of VGCFs range from 80 to 150 nm and that their lengths range from 5 to 30 μm. Furthermore, the lengthening and thickening processes of VGCFs were proved to occur simultaneously in the experiment.
Spectroscopic‐ellipsometry measurement of the optical properties of zinc oxide thin films prepared by sol–gel method: coating speed effect
Authors: Aghgonbad Maryam Motallebi , Sedghi Hassan 
Published: March 2018

In this work, thin films of zinc oxide were prepared by sol–gel spin coating method with different coating speeds of 3600, 4800 and 6000 rpm. Spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis was used to extract the optical constants such as refractive index n, and extinction coefficient k, in the wavelength range of 300–800 nm. The knowledge of both n and k allows the calculation of the important properties such as real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function, the absorption coefficient and the optical bandgap energy. Ellipsometric measurements were collected at an incidence angle of 70°. Also, a computer programming of Kramers–Kronig (KK) relations was used to calculate the optical properties. The ellipsometric results were compared with the parameters obtained by the KK method. It was found that the coating speed in sol–gel method, noticeably affect optical properties of the films. The films were found to exhibit high transmittance and low absorbance in the visible region. The direct optical bandgap of the films was obtained in the range of 3.4–3.7 eV using the ellipsometric method. A decrease in the void fraction of layers with an increment in the coating speed had been seen.
Zervikogener Kopfschmerz
Authors: Frese A. , Schilgen M. , Evers S. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDer zervikogene Kopfschmerz beruht auf einer Dysfunktion der oberen Segmente der Halswirbelsäule mit einem übertragenen Schmerz, der zumeist einsichtig und temporal empfunden wird. Sowohl von der International Headache Society als auch von einer speziellen Arbeitsgruppe liegen klare diagnostische Kriterien vor. Grundlage der Kopfschmerzen ist das Konzept des “referred pain”. Zur Diagnose gehört auch eine manualmedizinische Untersuchung. Differenzialdiagnosen sind Unterformen der Migräne und die temporomandibuläre Dysfunktion. Die Therapie ist primär manualmedizinisch, kann aber durch Analgetika und Adjuvantien ergänzt werden.
Straight from the horse’s mouth
Authors: Lago Sol , Gračanin-Yuksek Martina , Şafak Duygu Fatma , Demir Orhan , Kırkıcı Bilal , Felser Claudia 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We investigated the comprehension of subject-verb agreement in Turkish-German bilinguals using two tasks. The first task elicited speeded judgments to verb number violations in sentences that contained plural genitive modifiers. We addressed whether these modifiers elicited attraction errors, which have supported the use of a memory retrieval mechanism in monolingual comprehension studies. The second task examined the comprehension of a language-specific constraint of Turkish against plural-marked verbs with overt plural subjects. Bilinguals showed a reduced application of this constraint, as compared to Turkish monolinguals. Critically, both groups showed similar rates of attraction, but the bilingual group accepted ungrammatical sentences more often. We propose that the similarity in attraction rates supports the use of the same retrieval mechanism, but that bilinguals have more problems than monolinguals in the mapping of morphological to abstract agreement features during speeded comprehension, which results in increased acceptability of ungrammatical sentences.
Quantification of Torque Teno Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus Is of Limited Value for Predicting the Net State of Immunosuppression After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Nordén Rickard , Magnusson Jesper , Lundin Anna , Tang Ka-Wei , Nilsson Staffan , Lindh Magnus , Andersson Lars-Magnus , Riise Gerdt C , Westin Johan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Major hurdles for survival after lung transplantation are rejections and infectious complications. Adequate methods for monitoring immune suppression status are lacking. Here, we evaluated quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as biomarkers for defining the net state of immunosuppression in lung-transplanted patients.

Methods
This prospective single-center study included 98 patients followed for 2 years after transplantation. Bacterial infections, fungal infections, viral respiratory infections (VRTI), cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia, and acute rejections, as well as TTV and EBV levels, were monitored.

Results
The levels of torque teno virus DNA increased rapidly after transplantation, likely due to immunosuppressive treatment. A modest increase in levels of Epstein-Barr virus DNA was also observed after transplantation. There were no associations between either TTV or EBV and infectious events or acute rejection, respectively, during follow-up. When Tacrolimus was the main immunosuppressive treatment, TTV DNA levels were significantly elevated 6–24 months after transplantation as compared with Cyclosporine treatment.

Conclusions
Although replication of TTV, but not EBV, appears to reflect the functionality of the immune system, depending on the type of immunosuppressive treatment, quantification of TTV or EBV as biomarkers has limited potential for defining the net state of immune suppression.
Surgical Resection of Intramedullary Epidermoid Cyst: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sorenson Thomas , Lanzino Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Intramedullary epidermoid cysts are extremely rare lesions. Preoperative diagnosis can be challenging due to non-specific imaging futures. We illustrate the case of a 32-year-old man who presented with a symptomatic intramedullary mass, which at surgery proved to be an epidermoid cyst. The spinal cord was decompressed by removing the pearl-white keratin material, although the capsule, which was tenaciously adherent to the surrounding spinal cord parenchyma, was only partially removed. In this video, we illustrate the salient surgical points for the resection of this very unusual intramedullary lesion.
Reliability and Criterion Validity of the Smartphone Inclinometer Application to Quantify Cervical Spine Mobility
Authors: Guidetti Laura , Placentino Umberto , Baldari Carlo 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
In this observational study, we compare fluid inclinometer and smartphone measures to analyze active cervical range of motion (ACROM) in healthy individuals.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and the criterion validity of a smartphone application to analyze head movements.

Summary of Background Data:
Recent studies on the reliability and the validity of customized smartphone applications to measure ACROM show good results for frontal and lateral planes’ movement analysis, but poor results for the transverse plane. This can be due to the surrounding magnetic fields that affect the compass application used during head rotation valuation.

Methods:
Twenty-three individuals were asked to perform neck maximal (end-range) movements (frontal flex-extension and left-right side flexion in the sitting position, left-right rotation in the prone position). Two separate examiners took all ACROM measures and were assigned to each device (iPhone 5c and the inclinometer) contemporary for each individual.

Results:
All measurements were taken twice to assess the intraobserver reliability. Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The criterion validity between the 2 instruments was also assessed in terms of the ICC. The procedures used in this investigation for measuring ACROM yielded good validity (Pearson r≥0.99 and ICC≥0.99) between the 2 instruments for all movements. The Bland and Altman’s 95% LoA ranged from −1.8 to 1.15 degrees. Percentage error values ranged from 1% to 3%. The intrarater and the interrater reliabilities were good (ICC≥0.9) for both instruments in all movements including the rotation movements (ICC>0.95). The minimal detectable change (MDC95) ranged from 4 to 8 degrees.

Conclusions:
This study confirms that the tested smartphone is valid and reliable to measure ACROM on the frontal and the sagittal planes; furthermore, it also demonstrates its usefulness for rotation movement analysis, using the inclinometric application.
Lumbar Spinous Process Fixation and Fusion
Authors: Lopez Alejandro J. , Scheer Justin K. , Dahdaleh Nader S. , Patel Alpesh A. , Smith Zachary A. 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
A systematic review.

Objective:
The available literature on interspinous rigid fixation/fusion devices (IFD) was systematically reviewed to explore the devices’ efficacy and complication profile.

Summary of Background Data:
The clinical application of new spinal technologies may proceed without well-established evidence, as is the case with IFDs. IFDs are plate-like devices that are attached to the lateral aspects of 2 adjacent spinous processes to promote rigidity at that segment. Despite almost a decade since the devices’ introduction, the literature regarding efficacy and safety is sparse. Complications have been reported but no definitive study is known to the authors.

Methods:
A systematic review of the past 10 years of English literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The timeframe was chosen based on publication of the first study containing a modern IFD, the SPIRE, in 2006. All PubMed publications containing MeSH headings or with title or abstract containing any combination of the words “interspinous,” “spinous process,” “fusion,” “fixation,” “plate,” or “plating” were included. Exclusion criteria consisted of dynamic stabilization devices (X-Stop, DIAM, etc.), cervical spine, pediatrics, and animal models. The articles were blinded to author and journal, assigned a level of evidence by Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) criteria, and summarized in an evidentiary table.

Results:
A total of 293 articles were found in the initial search, of which 15 remained after examination for exclusion criteria. No class I or class II evidence regarding IFDs was found. IFDs have been shown by methodologically flawed and highly biased class III evidence to reduce instability at 1 year, without statistical comparison of complication rates against other treatment modalities.

Conclusions:
Although IFDs are heavily marketed and commonly applied in modern practice, data on safety and efficacy are inadequate. The paucity of evidence warrants reexamination of these devices’ value and indications by the spine surgery community.
Intraoperative Use of Neuromonitoring in Multilevel Thoracolumbar Spine Instrumentation and the Effects on Postoperative Neurological Injuries
Authors: Cheah Jonathan , Zhang Alan L. , Tay Bobby 
Published: March 2018

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort analysis of a national database between 2005 and 2011.

Objective:
To investigate the current usage of neuromonitoring in patients undergoing multilevel thoracolumbar spine surgery. We hypothesize that the use of neuromonitoring would be associated with a reduced incidence of postoperative neurological injuries.

Summary of Background Data:
Intraoperative neuromonitoring is a common technique utilized in spine surgery to improve safety and reduce neurological injuries. However, the literature remains unclear in defining the populations that benefit from the use of neuromonitoring.

Methods:
The PearlDiver Medicare database was queried to identify patients undergoing multilevel thoracolumbar spine instrumentation (defined as >3 thoracolumbar levels) from 2005 to 2011. The use of neuromonitoring was identified by Current Procedural Terminology codes. Neurological injuries were identified by codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision.

Results:
Within 15,032 patients, the postoperative rate of neurological injury diagnosis was higher when neuromonitoring was used at both 1 week (1.3% vs. 1.0%, P=0.06) and 6 months (5.9% vs. 4.6%, P=0.0005). However, a lower incidence of neurological injury was associated with neuromonitoring in patients undergoing specifically anterior fusion of 4–7 levels, posterior fusion of 7–12 levels, and in adults below 65 years old (P=0.0266, 0.0458, 0.032).

Conclusion:
Within the total Medicare cohort, the use of neuromonitoring was not associated with a decreased rate of neurological injury in multilevel thoracolumbar instrumentation procedures. This is likely due to the possible selection and detection bias of utilizing neuromonitoring when there is an increased risk of neurological injury based on patient-specific pathology and/or surgical procedure. However, despite the overall potential bias, it was appreciated that in subgroups: age below 65 years old, anterior fusion of 4–7 segments, and posterior fusion of 7–12 segments, there was a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of neurological injuries with neuromonitoring.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.