bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined effects of questioning technique and interviewer manner on false confessions
Authors: Paton Wendy , Bain Stella A. , Gozna Lynsey , Gilchrist Elizabeth , Heim Derek , Gardner Euan , Cairns David , McGranaghan Paul , Fischer Rico 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough it is known that interrogation tactics can elicit false confessions and interviewer manner may determine the outcome of an interview, the combined effects of questioning technique and interviewer manner on false confessions have not been examined empirically. Following a false accusation of theft, participants were interviewed in one of four questioning conditions (minimisation, repetitive questioning, leading questions, and nonleading questions) in which interviewers adopted a stern or friendly manner. Perceptions of pressure to confess and interviewer behaviours were measured. Significantly more false confessions were elicited using nonleading questions rather than repetitive questioning. More false confessions were elicited in the friendly interviewer condition than in the stern interviewer condition. Neither interviewer manner nor questioning technique had a significant effect on subjective ratings of pressure to confess. The finding that false confessions may be elicited in the absence of coercive tactics may have implications for informing best practices in investigative interviewing.
Prediction of Postoperative Vocal Fold Function After Intraoperative Recovery of Loss of Signal
Authors: Schneider Rick , Randolph Gregory , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Barczynski Marcin , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Wu Che‐Wei , Musholt Thomas , Uludag Mehmet , Makay Özer , Sezer Atakan , Teksöz Serkan , Weber Theresia , Sekulla Carsten , Lorenz Kerstin , Özdemir Murat , Machens Andreas , Dralle Henning 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThis multicenter study aimed to 1) evaluate early postoperative vocal fold function in relation to intraoperative amplitude recovery, and 2) determine optimal absolute and relative thresholds of intraoperative amplitude recovery heralding normal early postoperative vocal fold function, both after segmental type 1 and after global type 2 loss of signal (LOS).Study DesignProspective outcome study.MethodsThis study, encompassing nine surgical centers from four countries, correlated intraoperative amplitude recovery with early postoperative vocal fold function using receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsIncluded in this study were 68 patients, 48 women and 20 men, who sustained transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury during thyroid surgery under continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring. Early transient vocal fold palsy was seen in 18 (64%) of 28 patients with ipsilateral segmental LOS type 1, and in 10 (25%) of 40 patients with ipsilateral global LOS type 2. On receiver operating characteristic analysis, relative amplitude thresholds were superior to absolute amplitude thresholds in predicting vocal fold function after LOS type 2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.83 vs. 0.65; P = .01 vs. P = .15; Youden index 44% and 253 µV) and LOS type 1 (AUC: 0.96 vs. 0.97; P < .001 each; Youden index 49% and 455 µV). Amplitude recovery ≥50% of baseline after LOS always indicated intact vocal fold function.ConclusionsWhen the nerve amplitude recovers ≥50% of baseline after segmental LOS type 1 or global LOS type 2, it is appropriate to extend completion thyroidectomy to the other side during the same session.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:525–531, 2019
Gene Expression Subtype Predicts Nodal Metastasis and Survival in Human Papillomavirus–Negative Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Zevallos Jose P. , Mazul Angela L. , Walter Vonn , Hayes David Neil 
Published: September 2018

Objectives/HypothesisGene expression analyses of head and neck cancer have revealed four molecular subtypes: basal (BA), mesenchymal (MS), atypical (AT), and classical (CL). We evaluate whether gene expression subtypes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) can be used to predict nodal metastasis and prognosticate survival.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study and genomic analysis.MethodsOCSCC and LSCC cases were identified from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) head and neck cancer cohort. RNA‐seq by expected maximization (RSEM) was used to quantify gene expression levels from TCGA RNA‐seq data and to assign each case to one of four subtypes. Descriptive statistics were used to describe patient, disease, and treatment characteristics in each subtype. Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier analyses were used to determine associations with survival.ResultsOCSCC cases were comprised primarily of the MS and BA subtypes, whereas LSCC was comprised primarily of CL and AT subtypes. In OCSCC, the MS subtype was significantly associated with higher risk of nodal metastasis. In a subset analysis of clinically T1‐2N0M0 OCSCC, we demonstrate that the MS subtype was predictive of occult nodal metastasis (relative risk = 3.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐10.69). In LSCC, the CL subtype was associated with significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio = 4.32, 95% CI: 1.77‐10.54, P = .001).ConclusionsGene expression analysis reveals potential novel markers of nodal metastasis and survival in human papillomavirus–negative head and neck cancer. Future studies will continue to refine and validate these markers, with the goal of providing molecular risk assessments that guide therapy and improve patient outcomes.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 129:154–161, 2019
Upper‐Airway Stimulation Before, After, or Without Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty: A Two‐Year Perspective
Authors: Steffen Armin , Abrams Nils , Suurna Maria V. , Wollenberg Barbara , Hasselbacher Katrin 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveUpper airway stimulation (UAS) is an effective second‐line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In certain patients, there is a considerable need for advanced programming, notably with inadequate palatal response to therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy (UPPP‐TE) on UAS therapy outcomes from a 2‐year perspective after implantation.MethodsThis study included all consecutive patients implanted with UAS in which a full set of 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up assessments (M12 and M24) were obtained. Cases were analyzed in three groups: patients with UPPP‐TE after (group 1) and before (group 2) UAS, and those without UPPP‐TE (group 3).ResultsTherapy success could be achieved in about 80% of the entire cohort. Groups 2 and 3 did not differ significantly with regard to obesity, Apnea‐Hypopnea Index, or Oxygen Desaturation Index. With regard to initial sleep endoscopy, there were fewer patients without any obstruction at the palatal and oropharyngeal levels and higher prevalence of lateral obstruction patterns at oropharynx in group 1 in contrast to groups 2 and 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed similar results, although group 2 patients underwent UPPP‐TE before UAS implantation.ConclusionUPPP‐TE should be considered in patients with persistent OSA after UAS implantation if the obstruction is identified at the level of velum and oropharynx. Although this approach has higher response rates and better outcomes can be achieved in patients with UAS, there is no indication for patients to routinely undergo UPPP‐TE prior to UAS implantation.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:514–518, 2019
Analysis of pharyngeal edema post‐chemoradiation for head and neck cancer: Impact on swallow function
Authors: Turcotte Maria C. , Herzberg Erica G. , Balou Matina , Molfenter Sonja M. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesEdema is a frequent clinical observation following chemoradiation treatment (CRT) of oral/oropharyngeal cancer and is thought to contribute to post‐CRT swallowing impairment. Our aims were to reliably quantify pharyngeal edema pre‐ and post‐CRT from videofluoroscopic (VF) swallowing studies and to explore the relationship between edema and swallowing impairment. Swallowing impairment was captured using patient‐reported swallowing outcomes (EAT‐10) and with VF confirmation of impairment (DIGEST).Methods40 patients (24 M, age 38–76) with oral/oropharyngeal cancer received radiotherapy (70 Gy, 7 weeks) and 3 weekly doses of cisplatin. VF and EAT‐10 were completed pre‐ and 1‐month post‐CRT. Edema was captured by measuring posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) thickness, vallecular space, and pharyngeal area (PA) on a single post‐swallow rest frame. Wilcoxon sign rank tests and paired t‐tests evaluated within‐subject changes in impairment and edema respectively. A linear mixed effect regression model explored the influence of time, patient‐reported outcomes, and functional impairment on measures of edema.ResultsSwallowing function (EAT‐10 and DIGEST) was significantly worse post‐CRT. PPW thickness (but not vallecular space and pharyngeal area) was significantly worse post‐CRT. PPW thickness was only significantly influenced by time (pre‐ vs. post‐CRT) but not by measures of swallow function.ConclusionOur findings establish the use of PPW thickness as a reliable measure of acute edema in post‐CRT treatment. In this small, retrospective sample, edema was not significantly correlated with either patient‐reported or measured swallow function. Prospective longitudinal work, examining the relationship between objective measures of edema, patient perception of impairment, and swallow function and biomechanics is warranted.Level of Evidence4.
Elongated EABR wave latencies observed in patients with auditory neuropathy caused by OTOF mutation
Authors: Hosoya Makoto , Minami Shujiro B. , Enomoto Chieko , Matsunaga Tatsuo , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesWe sought to determine how the pathology altered electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) in patients with hearing loss by evaluating EABRs in auditory neuropathy patients with OTOF mutations comparing with various types of congenital deafness.MethodsWe included 15 patients with congenital hearing loss, grouped according to pathology: OTOF mutations (n = 4), GJB2 mutations (n = 4), SLC26A4 mutations (n = 4), or cytomegalovirus infections (n = 3). EABRs were recorded when patients underwent cochlear implantation surgery. We evaluated the latencies and amplitudes of the recorded EABRs and compared them statistically between four groups.ResultsThe EABR latencies of Wave III and Wave V, and of the interval between them, were significantly longer in the OTOF mutation group than in the GJB2 and SLC26A4 mutation groups (Wave III) and in all three other groups (Wave V and Wave III‐V latency); amplitudes were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsOur results suggest OTOF mutations cause delayed (or slowed) postsynaptic neurotransmission, although the presumed mechanism involved reduced presynaptic transmission between hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons.Level of EvidenceMainly a case report
A Highly Stretchable, Tough, Self‐Healing, and Thermoprocessable Polyacrylamide–Chitosan Supramolecular Hydrogel
Authors: Dutta Agniva , Maity Supriya , Das Rajat K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolymerization of acrylamide in concentrated aqueous solution in the presence of chitosan and in the absence of covalent cross‐linker leads to the formation of stiff and tough supramolecular polymer hydrogels that are self‐healing, can be stretched up to ≈30 times their original length, and demonstrate rapid self‐recovery, due to the inter‐chain hydrogen bonds between polyacrylamide and chitosan acting as sacrificial bonds to dissipate energy. These gels show thermoplastic behavior and can be molded into different shapes after a heating–cooling cycle, maintaining reasonable mechanical strength. The gels can withstand repeated compressive loading–unloading cycles, exhibiting reliable load‐bearing capacity.
Enhancing the Fracture Resistance and Impact Toughness of Mechanically Frothed Epoxy Foams with Hollow Elastomeric Microspheres
Authors: Song Wenzhe , Tagarielli Vito L. , Lee Koon‐Yang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonporous elastomeric particles are often employed to improve the toughness of brittle epoxy foams but this also decreases their compressive strength and stiffness. Herein, a novel strategy utilizing hollow elastomeric microspheres as toughening agent for epoxy foams is presented. The addition of 0.5 wt.% hollow elastomeric microspheres into epoxy foam leads to a 15% increase in critical stress intensity factor (K
1c) to 0.38 MPa m0.5 and 33% increase in Charpy impact strength (acU
) to 1.05 kJ m−2, respectively, compared to unfilled epoxy foam (K
1c = 0.33 MPa m0.5 and acU
= 0.79 kJ m−2). However, a further increase in the hollow elastomeric microsphere concentration to 1.0 wt.% leads to microsphere agglomeration, which reduces both K
1c and acU
to 0.35 MPa m0.5 and 0.93 kJ m−2, respectively. Nevertheless, the added hollow elastomeric microspheres do not lead to a reduction in the quasi‐static compressive properties of the epoxy foams.
A Self‐Healing Dielectric Supramolecular Elastomer Functionalized with Aniline Tetramer
Authors: Liu Ling , Yan Shu , Zhang Liqun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA new design strategy to produce a supramolecular elastomer with self‐healing and dielectric properties by synthesizing an aniline tetramer (AT)‐functionalized supramolecular elastomer (SE‐AT) is demonstrated. The termination of AT in the supramolecular system not only shortens linear amide molecular chain to decrease glass transition temperature but also destroys the crystallization to achieve amorphous structure. The SE‐AT provides two kinds of noncovalent bonding including π–π stacking and the hydrogen bond, which makes the material more easily healed. The SE‐AT20% can heal mechanical properties within 24 h at room temperature without any external stimulus. The dielectric constant shows a continuous increase overall with increasing AT content. The material exhibits good electro‐mechanical properties, which is attributed to a simultaneous increase in dielectric constant and decrease in modulus. The maximum actuated strain significantly increases with the increasing AT content and the SE‐AT20% reaches 10% at 1 V µm−1. Moreover, SE‐AT exhibits the ability to regain actuated strain on the location of the mechanical damage after self‐healing.
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome–Associated Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Boot Erik , Bassett Anne S. , Marras Connie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a multisystem condition associated with an increased risk of early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsWe review the clinical, neuroimaging, and neuropathological observations, as well as diagnostic challenges, of PD in 22q11.2DS. We conducted a search of PubMed up until June 1, 2018 and personal files to identify relevant publications.Results22q11.2DS‐associated PD is responsible for approximately 0.5% of early‐onset PD. The hallmark motor symptoms and neuropathology of PD, and typical findings of reduced striatal dopamine transporter binding with molecular imaging, are present in 22q11.2DS‐associated PD. Mean age at PD onset in 22q11.2DS is relatively young (∼40 years). Patients with 22q11.2DS‐associated PD show a good response to levodopa.ConclusionsFurther recognition of 22q11.2DS and study of PD in people with 22q11.2DS could provide insights into the mechanisms that cause PD in the general population. 22q11.2DS may serve as an identifiable PD model to study prodromal PD and disease‐modifying treatments.
Dosimetry of small static fields used in external photon beam radiotherapy: Summary of TRS‐483, the IAEA–AAPM international Code of Practice for reference and relative dose determination
Authors: Palmans Hugo , Andreo Pedro , Huq M. Saiful , Seuntjens Jan , Christaki Karen E. , Meghzifene Ahmed 
Published: September 2018

PurposeA joint IAEA/AAPM international working group has developed a Code of Practice (CoP) for the dosimetry of small static fields used in external megavoltage photon beam radiotherapy, published by the IAEA as TRS‐483. This summary paper introduces and outlines the main aspects of the CoP.MethodsIAEA TRS‐483 is a condensation of the wide range of different approaches that have been described in the literature for the reference dosimetry of radiotherapy machines with nominal accelerating potential up to 10 MV that cannot establish the conventional 10 cm × 10 cm reference field, and for the determination of field output factors for relative dosimetry in small static photon fields. The formalism used is based on that developed by Alfonso et al. [Med Phys. 2008;35:5179–5186] for this modality.ResultsThree introductory sections describe the rationale and context of the CoP, the clinical use of small photon fields, and the physics of small‐field dosimetry. In the fourth section, definitions of terms that are specific to the CoP (as compared to previous CoPs for broad‐beam reference dosimetry, such as IAEA TRS‐398 and AAPM TG‐51) are given; this section includes a list of the symbols and equivalences between IAEA and AAPM nomenclature to facilitate the practical implementation of the CoP by end users of IAEA TRS‐398 and AAPM TG‐51. The fifth section summarizes the equations and procedures that are recommended in the CoP and the sixth section provides an overview of the methods used to derive the data provided in IAEA TRS‐483.ConclusionsThis is the first time an international Code of Practice for the dosimetry of small photon fields based on comprehensive data and correction factors has been published. This joint IAEA/AAPM CoP will ensure consistent reference dosimetry traceable to the international System of Units and enable common and internationally harmonized procedures to be followed by radiotherapy centers worldwide for the dosimetry of small static megavoltage photon fields.
The new architects: Brazil, China, and innovation in multilateral development lending
Authors: Serrano Oswald Omar Ramon 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRecent academic works have shed light upon the motives and negotiation dynamics leading to the creation of the New Development Bank (NDB) and Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). We know less about their day‐to‐day activities and if (and if so why) they are being innovative in the field of multilateral development lending. This article evaluates novelty in the two banks. It uncovers and suggests an explanation to the puzzle of why the NDB appears more innovative (in terms of institutional design, staffing, and lending policy guidelines) than the AIIB by exploring the cases of China and Brazil. The two countries played central roles in the set‐up of each the AIIB and NDB. Drawing on extensive field research, the article proposes that their preferences and capability to engage in institutional innovation depend on interests, status, economic power, and regulatory capacity.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of Erwinia asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kloos Robin Q. H. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. L. , Wolf Sarah , Wismans Leonoor , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Uyl‐de Groot Carin A. , Pieters Rob , van der Sluis Inge M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesErwinia asparaginase is used as a second‐line formulation after a neutralizing hypersensitivity reaction to the first‐line formulation of asparaginase. Here, we have performed a cost‐effectiveness analysis of Erwinia asparaginase treatment.MethodsChildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the Dutch Childhood Oncology ALL‐10 or ALL‐11 protocol were included and initially treated with PEGasparaginase in the intensification phase. The total treatment costs of this treatment phase, quality of life (QoL), and life years saved (LYS) were studied for two scenarios: (a) patients were switched to Erwinia asparaginase treatment after a hypersensitivity reaction, or (b) asparaginase would have been permanently stopped.ResultsSixty‐eight patients were included. There was no difference in QoL between patients with and without a hypersensitivity reaction. The mean costs of the intensification phase per patient were $40,925 if PEGasparaginase could be continued, $175,632 if patients had to switch to Erwinia asparaginase, and $21,190 if asparaginase would have been permanently stopped. An extrapolation of the literature suggests that the 5‐year event‐free survival would be 10.3% lower without intensive asparaginase treatment if asparaginase is stopped after a reaction. Thus, the costs per LYS were $1892 for scenario 1 and $872 for scenario 2.ConclusionsSwitching to Erwinia asparaginase increases the costs per LYS by $1020, which is modest in view of the total costs. Moreover, when asparaginase treatment can be completed by switching to Erwinia asparaginase, relapses—and consequential costs—will be avoided. Therefore, from a cost perspective, we recommend a switch to Erwinia asparaginase to complete asparaginase treatment.
Polymorphism and properties of biodegradable poly(1,4‐butylene adipate) tailored using an aliphatic diamide derivative
Authors: Kong Rui , Jia Yuqing , Yang Jinjun , Wang Xiaomin , Sun Yuebing , Lian Jiangru , Chen Jiarui , Kuang Yunqi , Li Yuqin , Huang Minghui 
Published: September 2018

AbstractN,N′‐Ethylenebis(12‐hydroxystearamide) (EBH), an aliphatic diamide organic compound with environmental friendliness, was selected as an effective nucleating agent to be incorporated into poly(1,4‐butylene adipate) (PBA) polyester. EBH increased the crystallization temperature, crystallinity, crystal density and thermal stability, and shortened the crystallization time of PBA. EBH slowed down the critical temperature of the PBAα‐crystal, accelerated theβ‐to‐αphase transition rate and tailored the polymorphic crystalline structure of the PBA probably via the interfacial interaction and/or crystal lattice matching between PBA and EBH. In the presence of EBH, the degradation rate of PBA decreased. The mechanisms of the nucleation, manipulation of the crystal type, acceleratedβ‐to‐αphase transition, enhanced thermal stability and decreased enzymatic degradation rate of PBA are proposed and discussed in detail. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
α‐Fe2O3/Attapulgite‐mediated reaction of benzyl chloride: Synthesis of poly(phenylene methylene)
Authors: Teng Dao‐Guang , Wei Xian‐Yong , Yang Zheng , Zong Zhi‐Min 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThermostable and fluorescent poly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) was synthesized via α‐Fe2O3/attapulgite (α‐Fe2O3/A)‐mediated polymerization of benzyl chloride (BC) in CCl4 in good yields. A carbocationic mechanism was proposed based on the controlling experiment. The structure and properties of PPM were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and UV–vis and fluorescence spectrometry. The results show that PPM possesses outstanding homoconjugation fluorescence and excellent thermal stability with onset decomposition temperature of ca. 420 °C. Recycled α‐Fe2O3/A proved to be still highly active for BC polymerization. Moreover, the strategy features low‐cost and readily accessible starting materials, simple one‐pot operation, and recyclable catalyst, facilitating future applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2280–2285