bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERCEPÇÃO DA PAISAGEM POR ESTUDANTES DE ESCOLAS DE IRATI – PR
Authors: Iurk Mariângela Ceschim , Biondi Daniela , Dlugosz Fernando Luís 
Published: February 2019

Envolvendo estudantes de duas escolas estaduais do município de Irati, realizou-se uma pesquisa com o objetivo de verificar a percepção sobre a paisagem e os elementos que compõe quatro ambientes do município, relacionando com a sua concepção de meio ambiente. Para isso, foram utilizados substitutos de paisagem (fotografias) de pontos turísticos conhecidos da área urbana e rural, quantificado os elementos componentes das mesmas através de análise visual, além de questionários, onde realizou-se pré e pós-testes. Os dados foram analisados através do teste não-paramétrico Wilcoxon, teste do Qui-quadrado e comparação do porcentual obtido. Os resultados do teste Wilcoxon comprovaram que, com relação ao total das séries analisadas, a diferença entre o pré e pós-testes para 34,61% das perguntas realizadas foi altamente significativa ou significativa. Na realização do teste de Qui-quadrado para a verificação se houve diferença de resultados entre as escolas, obteve-se como resultado o valor de P=0,344, onde os desvios não são significativos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a escola é um bom espaço para o aluno apropriar-se de conteúdos sobre a paisagem e contextualizá-los dentro de uma visão ambiental, entrelaçando com a sua vivência, modificando assim a realidade presente e futura.
COMPOSIÇÃO E GEORREFERENCIAMENTO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA NO DISTRITO DE SANTA GERTRUDES, EM PATOS – PB
Authors: Pereira Justino Sérvio Túlio , Gomes Araújo Morais Yasmim Yathiara , Almeida Nascimento Adna Keren de , Souto Patrícia Carneiro 
Published: February 2019

O crescimento desordenado das cidades causa diversos transtornos na arborização urbana. Diante disto, o presente estudo objetivou realizar o levantamento da composição e georreferenciamento da arborização urbana do distrito de Santa Gertrudes, em Patos – PB, visando gerar informações que irão subsidiar novas ações de manejo e planejamento. Para o levantamento de dados, foi utilizado o método de inventário com caráter quantitativo para identificar as espécies existentes, analisar a relação das árvores com instalações urbanas e suas condições fitossanitárias. Foram identificadas 333 árvores, sendo 87,5% das espécies amostradas são exóticas e 12,5% nativas. A espécie que apresentou maior frequência foi Azadirachta indica com 85,29%, indicando homogeneidade na arborização urbana do distrito. Dos indivíduos levantados, apenas 10% apresentaram conflito com a rede elétrica/telefônica e 19% dos indivíduos apresentaram raízes superficiais. Foi diagnosticado que 98% dos indivíduos apresentaram injúrias na copa. A arborização urbana do distrito de Santa Gertrudes, apresentou baixa diversidade vegetal, frequência de espécies irregulares e uso excessivo de plantas exóticas. Sugere-se que ocorra um planejamento e realização de manejo na arborização do distrito, visando a substituição gradual da espécie Azadirachta indica por espécies nativas e mais adequadas a áreas públicas.
FUNÇÃO SOCIOAMBIENTAL DE PRAÇAS PÚBLICAS DE ARACAJU-SE
Authors: Santos Emanuela Carla , Dos Santos Carla Zoaid Alves , Gomes Laura Jane 
Published: February 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar parâmetros de qualidade nas principais praças públicas na cidade de Aracaju e assim verificar se estas estão cumprindo a sua função socioambiental. Foram avaliados por meio de uma matriz de qualidade ambiental, parâmetros físicos, culturais e ambientais e aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com zeladores e garis quando presentes. Os dados foram sistematizados em planilha Excel e apresentados em porcentagem. As praças avaliadas cumprem com sua função socioambiental de alguma forma, porém, ações como a manutenção frequente e a sensibilização dos usuários são importantes para que as praças cumpram o seu papel.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DOIS PROCEDIMENTOS DE AMOSTRAGEM PARA INVENTÁRIO DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DO CENTRO URBANO DE GURUPI-TO
Authors: Rabêlo Dário , Santos André Ferreira dos , Wanderley Romualdo Júlio Cavalcante , Souza Patrícia Aparecida de , Giongo Marcos 
Published: February 2019

Objetivou-se neste estudo comparar dois procedimentos de amostragem (o casual simples e o sistemático), avaliando a sua eficiência para o inventário das árvores do centro urbano de Gurupi-TO. Os dados foram coletados através do levantamento quantitativo total (censo) da arborização em 294 quadras com dimensões de 100 m x 100 m cada. Todas as árvores encontradas nas ruas e avenidas dentro de cada quadra com diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) igual ou maior que 5 cm foram medidas. Para estimar o parâmetro populacional das árvores utilizou-se a variável "número de árvores por quadra". Do total das quadras ou unidades amostrais que compunham a área de estudo, foi obtida uma intensidade amostral de quase 13% (38 quadras) para constituir a amostra dos procedimentos, tanto para o casual simples como para o sistemático. Os resultados da análise estatística mostram um erro de amostragem de 21,72% e 15,65% para os procedimentos casual simples e sistemático, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o procedimento de amostragem sistemática é mais eficiente que o casual simples para fazer o inventário quali-quantitativo da arborização urbana da região central de Gurupi (TO).
DETERMINANTES DO SUCESSO EDUCACIONAL: REFLEXÕES TEÓRICAS SOBRE AS POSSIBILIDADES DE SUCESSO ESCOLAR EM CONTEXTOS DE DESVANTAGEM SOCIAL
Authors: Castro Vanessa Gomes de 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre os possíveis determinantes do sucesso escolar entre os indivíduos em posição social de desvantagem. A posição social tornou-se um importante indicador nas pesquisas em sociologia da educação a partir dos anos sessenta, quando diversos estudos nos Estados Unidos e Europa revelaram incontestáveis associações estatísticas entre os níveis de acesso à escola e os grupos sociais (BARBOSA, 2009). Assim, busca-se confrontar os argumentos das teorias do capital humano, teorias reprodutivistas, teorias neoweberianas e pesquisas empíricas realizadas no Brasil sobre as desigualdades perante o ensino, em relação as possibilidades de sucesso escolar em contextos de desvantagem social.
Fiber fractions, multielemental and isotopic composition of a tropical C4 grass grown under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
Authors: Abdalla Filho Adibe L. , Costa Junior Geovani T. , Lima Paulo M.T. , Soltangheisi Amin , Abdalla Adibe L. , Ghini Raquel , Piccolo Marisa C. 
Published: February 2019

Background
Brazil has the largest commercial herd of ruminants with approximately 211 million head, representing 15% of world’s beef production, in an area of 170 million hectares of grasslands, mostly cultivated with Brachiaria spp. Although nutrient reduction due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has already been verified in important crops, studies evaluating its effects on fiber fractions and elemental composition of this grass genus are still scarce. Therefore, a better understanding of the effects of elevated CO2 on forage quality can elucidate the interaction between forage and livestock production and possible adaptations for a climate change scenario. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations on biomass production, morphological characteristics, fiber fractions, and elemental composition of Brachiaria decumbens (cv. Basilisk).

Methods
A total of 12 octagonal rings with 10 m diameter were distributed in a seven-ha coffee plantation and inside each of them, two plots of 0.25 m2 were seeded with B. decumbens (cv. Basilisk) in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment facility. Six rings were kept under natural conditions (≈390 μmol mol−1 CO2; Control) and other six under pure CO2 flux to achieve a higher concentration (≈550 μmol mol−1 CO2; Elevated CO2). After 30 months under contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentration, grass samples were collected, and then splitted into two portions: in the first, whole forage was kept intact and in the second portion, the leaf, true stem, inflorescence and senescence fractions were manually separated to determine their proportions (%). All samples were then analyzed to determine the fiber fractions (NDF, hemicellulose, ADF, cellulose, and Lignin), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) contents and N isotopic composition.

Results
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration did not influence biomass productivity, average height, leaf, stem, senescence and inflorescence proportions, and fiber fractions (p > 0.05). Calcium content of the leaf and senescence portion of B. decumbens were reduced under elevated atmospheric CO2 (p < 0.05). Despite no effect on total C and N (p > 0.05), lower C:N ratio was observed in the whole forage grown under elevated CO2 (p < 0.05). The isotopic composition was also affected by elevated CO2, with higher values of δ15N in the leaf and stem portions of B. decumbens (p < 0.05).

Discussion
Productivity and fiber fractions of B. decumbens were not influenced by CO2 enrichment. However, elevated CO2 resulted in decreased forage Ca content which could affect livestock production under a climate change scenario.
Analytical Study of the Difference Equation xn+1 = xnxn-6 / xn-5 (±1 – xnxn-6)
Authors: Sanbo Abdualrazaq , Elsayed Elsayed M. , Alzahrani Faris 
Published: February 2019

This paper is devoted to find the form of the solutions of a rational difference equations with arbitrary positive real initial conditions. Specific form of the solutions of two special cases of this equation are given.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO E TECNOLÓGICO DA GERAÇÃO DE SYNGAS UTILIZANDO CATALISADORES
Authors: Guimarães Munique Gonçalves , Ghesti Grace Ferreira , Ferreira Camila Lisdalia Dantas 
Published: February 2019

<p>Com a crescente conscientização sobre o aquecimento global, o aumento do preço e escassez dos combustíveis, é necessário pesquisar e desenvolver fontes de energia alternativas. Uma possível fonte substituta é a biomassa, que apresenta grande quantidade de energia que é perdida durante o processo de decomposição. O biogás é fonte de energia abundante, não poluidora, barata e que não compete por espaço com outras culturas e nem com a produção alimentícia. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo prospectivo que retrate o estágio das pesquisas na área. Foram eleitas as seguintes combinações de palavras para o estudo: “biogas”, “syngas” e “syngas and cataly*”.O trabalho concluiu que as pesquisas sobre syngas e catálise apresentam baixa maturidade e que existe bastante espaço para desenvolvimento tecnológico nessa área incentivado, muita vezes, por políticas públicas específicas em diversos países.</p>
Regioselective Syntheses of 1,2‐Benzothiazine 1‐Imines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of Sulfondiimines
Authors: Bohmann Rebekka Anna , Schöbel Jan‐Hendrik , Unoh Yuto , Miura Masahiro , Bolm Carsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnprecedented 1,2‐benzothiazine 1‐imines have been prepared from sulfondiimines by regioselective rhodium‐catalyzed annulation reactions with diazo keto esters and α‐substituted (pseudo)halo acetophenones as coupling partners. A representative product was characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis, and the applicability of the resulting three‐dimensional heterocycles to Buchwald‐Hartwig‐type amination reactions is shown.magnified image
Au Clusters Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis with Uniquely Reversing Cartilage/Bone Destruction
Authors: Gao Fuping , Yuan Qing , Cai Pengju , Gao Liang , Zhao Lina , Liu Meiqing , Yao Yawen , Chai Zhifang , Gao Xueyun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuper‐small nanoclusters may intrinsically trigger specific molecular pathway for disease treatment in vitro/vivo. To prove the hypothesis the super‐small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, are directly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro/vivo. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the inflammation of joints and the unreversible destruction of the cartilage/bone. Au clusters significantly suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced proinflammatory mediator production in the murine macrophage cell line by inhibiting the signaling pathways that regulate the major proinflammatory mediator genes. In preclinical rat RA studies, Au clusters strongly prevent type II collagen‐induced rat RA without systemic side effects. Compared with the clinical first‐line anchored anti‐RA drug, methotrexate, Au clusters equally inhibit inflammation in vivo. Type II collagen‐induced rat RA is characterized with the destruction of cartilage/bone; treatment with Au clusters reverses the destruction of cartilage/bone to its normal state. This is because Au clusters directly inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclast differentiation and function through the downregulation of osteoclast‐specific genetic marker expression. However the methotrexate almost has no positive effect for this key issue in rat RA therapy. These data prove that the super‐small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, could be a novel candidate nanodrug for RA treatment.
Isolated teeth from La Ferrassie: Reassessment of the old collections, new remains, and their implications
Authors: Becam Gaël , Verna Christine , Gómez‐Robles Aida , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Albessard Lou , Arnaud Julie , Frelat Mélanie A. , Madelaine S. , Schwab Catherine , Souday Caroline , Turq Alain , Balzeau Antoine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe provide the description and comparative analysis of six new teeth from the site of La Ferrassie. Our goal is to discuss their taxonomic attribution, and to provide an updated inventory of Neandertal and modern human remains from La Ferrassie in their associated archeological context.Materials and methodsWe use external and internal anatomy, classic morphometrics, and geometric morphometrics. The teeth from La Ferrassie are compared to several samples of contemporary Neandertals and upper Paleolithic modern humans and to recent modern humans.ResultsThree specimens are classified as Neandertals, two as modern humans, and one remains unclassified.DiscussionBased on the previously known fossil samples and the new teeth reported here, there are currently a minimum of four adult and five immature Neandertal individuals coming from the “Grand Abri” and a minimum of two modern human adult individuals: one from “Grand Abri” and one from “Grotte.” It is noteworthy that the spatial distribution of the recovered Neandertal remains is not restricted to the area where the LF1–LF 8 were found but now covers the full extension of the excavated area. Moreover, while both Neandertal and modern human occupations have yielded isolated human remains, the partial‐to‐complete skeletons only belong to Neandertals. These considerations open new perspectives for the understanding of the occupation and use of the La Ferrassie site.
Genome‐wide analysis of DNA methylation in relation to socioeconomic status during development and early adulthood
Authors: McDade Thomas W. , Ryan Calen P. , Jones Meaghan J. , Hoke Morgan K. , Borja Judith , Miller Gregory E. , Kuzawa Christopher W. , Kobor Michael S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesSocioeconomic status (SES) is a powerful determinant of health, but the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigates whether levels of DNA methylation at CpG sites across the genome are associated with SES in a cohort of young adults in the Philippines.MethodsDNA methylation was assayed with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip, in leukocytes from 489 participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (mean age = 20.9 years). SES was measured in infancy/childhood and adulthood, and was based on composite measures of income, assets, and education. Genome‐wide analysis of variable probes identified CpG sites significantly associated with SES after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Functional enrichment analysis was used to identify biological pathways associated with these sites.ResultsA total of 2,546 CpG sites, across 1,537 annotated genes, were differentially methylated in association with SES. In comparison with high SES, low SES was associated with increased methylation at 1,777 sites, and decreased methylation at 769 sites. Functional enrichment analysis identified over‐representation of biological pathways related to immune function, skeletal development, and development of the nervous system.ConclusionsSocioeconomic status predicts DNA methylation at a large number of CpG sites across the genome. The scope of these associations is commensurate with the wide range of biological systems and health outcomes that are shaped by SES, and these findings suggest that DNA methylation may play an important role.
Dearomatization of 3‐Nitroindoles by a Phosphine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective [3+2] Annulation Reaction
Authors: Li Kaizhi , Gonçalves Théo P. , Huang Kuo‐Wei , Lu Yixin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe dearomatization of 3‐nitroindoles through a chiral‐phosphine‐mediated [3+2] annulation reaction is described. This method makes use of readily available 3‐nitroindoles as an aromatic feedstock and rapidly delivers a wide range of cyclopentaindoline alkaloid scaffolds in a highly enantioselective manner. Notably, phosphine‐triggered cyclization has not been utilized previously in a dearomatization process.
Development and Validation of an 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography–Based Tool for the Evaluation of Joint Counts and Disease Activity in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lee Sang Jin , Jeong Ju Hye , Lee Chang‐Hee , Ahn Byeong‐Cheol , Eun Jung Su , Kim Na Ri , Kang Jong Whan , Nam Eon Jeong , Kang Young Mo 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveClinical joint count assessment is important for detecting synovitis but its reliability is a subject of controversy. This study was undertaken to assess the correlation of positron emission tomography (PET)–derived parameters in 68 joints with disease activity and to compare the reliability of joint counts between PET with computed tomography (CT) and clinical assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe enrolled 91 patients with active RA (69 in a development group and 22 in a validation group) who underwent concurrent 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG)–PET‐CT and clinical disease activity evaluation. PET‐derived parameters were compared with disease activity assessed using clinical joint count parameters. A Disease Activity Score (DAS) using counts of PET‐positive joints was developed, and then validation studies were performed in an independent group.ResultsThe number of PET‐positive joints (of 28 and 68 joints) was significantly correlated with the swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) and the DAS in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐ESR). Intraobserver and interobserver reliability of PET for the affected joint counts were excellent. Interobserver reliability between nuclear medicine physicians and rheumatologists was good for the SJC and TJC in both 28 joints and 68 joints. After multivariate analyses, including ESR and patient's global assessment of disease activity (PtGA) in addition to PET‐derived parameters, the PET/DAS was derived as (0.063 × number of PET‐positive joints in 28 joints) + (0.011 × ESR) + (0.030 × PtGA). A significant correlation between the PET/DAS and the DAS28‐ESR was confirmed in the validation group (P < 0.001).ConclusionPET‐CT could serve as a sensitive and reliable method in the evaluation of disease activity in RA patients, and may be applicable as a research tool, particularly in clinical trials.
Safety and Efficacy of Belimumab Plus Standard Therapy for Up to Thirteen Years in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. , Ginzler Ellen M. , Merrill Joan T. , Furie Richard A. , Stohl William , Chatham W. Winn , Weinstein Arthur , McKay James D. , McCune W. Joseph , Petri Michelle , Fettiplace James , Roth David A. , Ji Beulah , Heath Amy 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) belimumab plus standard of care (SOC) therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients with active, autoantibody‐positive SLE.MethodsThe study was designed as a multicenter, open‐label, continuation study of IV belimumab given every 4 weeks in conjunction with SOC therapy in patients with SLE who completed a phase II, double‐blind study. Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory data were monitored from the first belimumab dose (in either study) until 24 weeks after the final dose. Efficacy assessments included SLE Responder Index (SRI) and flare index scores (each assessed at 16‐week intervals) and glucocorticoid use (assessed at 4‐week intervals).ResultsOf the 476 patients in the parent study, 298 (62.6%) entered the continuation study, of whom 96 (32.2%) remained in the study. Patients received belimumab for up to 13 years (median duration of exposure 3,334.0 days [range 260–4,332 days], total belimumab exposure 2,294 patient‐years, median number of infusions 115.5 [range 7–155]). The percentage of patients with AEs each year remained stable or decreased. Normal serum IgG levels were maintained in the majority of patients over the study, and the rate of infections remained stable. The percentage of patients who achieved an SRI response increased from 32.8% (year 1) to 75.6% of those remaining on treatment at year 12. The glucocorticoid dose was decreased in patients who had been receiving >7.5 mg/day at baseline.ConclusionThis study is the longest to date to assess belimumab treatment in patients with SLE in clinical trials. Belimumab was well tolerated with no new safety concerns, and efficacy was maintained in patients who continued the study. For patients who initially exhibited a satisfactory response to belimumab, the treatment continues to be well tolerated and provides long‐term disease control.