bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐Glycan Analysis by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Fluorescent Labeling
Authors: Hanić Maja , Lauc Gordan , Trbojević‐Akmačić Irena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlycans are a class of macromolecules essential for all forms of life. They embellish various proteins and other macromolecules in organisms and are responsible for their proper functioning. Because their complex structure is determined by genetic and environmental factors, analysis of such molecules is rather demanding. Liquid chromatography (high‐performance and ultra‐performance, HPLC and UPLC, respectively) analysis has been used for the purpose of glycoprofiling for years and it is a well‐established method regarding its robustness, reproducibility, and high throughput. Another orthogonal method that is now used in glycoprofiling is capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) because it offers powerful separation and distinct sensitivity. The purpose of the following protocols is to present all steps required for release and fluorescent labeling of total N‐glycans from blood plasma/serum or isolated glycoprotein (for example, IgG) and their subsequent UPLC or CGE analysis. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Raspberry‐Like Microspheres of Core–Shell Cr2O3@TiO2 Nanoparticles for CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Tan Jeannie Z. Y. , Xia Fang , Maroto‐Valer M. Mercedes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo promote the interaction of p–n semiconductors, raspberry‐like microspheres of core–shell Cr2O3@TiO2 nanoparticles have been fabricated through a five‐step process. Raman spectroscopy of products calcined at various temperatures reveal that the titania shell causes crystal distortion of the Cr2O3 core, without changing the microstructures of the fabricated core–shell microspheres. In situ and time‐resolved synchrotron‐based powder XRD reveals the formation of monoclinic TiO2 in the fourth step, but these monoclinic TiO2 nanocrystals undergo a phase transition when the applied calcination temperature is above 550 °C. As a result, TiO2(B), a magnéli phase of Ti4O7 and Cr2Ti6O15 compounds, resulting from inner doping between Cr2O3 and TiO2, is formed. The close interaction of Cr2O3 and TiO2 forms a p–n junction that decreases the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, leading to enhanced production of CH4 by photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
Neuroprotective effects of clavulanic acid following permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats
Authors: Ghanbarabadi Mustafa , Falanji Farahnaz , Rad Abolfazl , Chazani Sharahi Nafiseh , Amoueian Sakineh , Amin Mohamadreza , Molavi Mehdi , Amin Bahareh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe investigated whether clavulanic acid could improve learning and memory, in rats underwent bilateral occlusion of common carotid artery (2VO). Seventy male Wistar rats were subjected to 2VO, with a 1‐week interval between right and left artery occlusions. After 2VO, animals received clavulanic acid (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), from day 8 to 20. Spatial memory was assessed in the Morris water maze, 1 week after the induction of 2VO (day 15). The mRNA expression levels of bcl‐2, bcl2‐associated x protein (bax), caspase‐3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) were measured in the neocortex and hippocampus. Clavulanic acid significantly decreased the escape latency and swimming time in the training trial days. As well, it increased time and distance percentage in the target quadrant, while it decreased such factors in the opposite quadrant in the final trial day, compared to 2VO + normal saline animals. Real time‐PCR data showed a significant higher mRNA expression of bax, caspase 3, and iNOS in the hippocampus and neocortex of 2VO animal compared to nonoccluded rats. APP increased in the neocortex but not hippocampus. Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down‐regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio. Our results reveal a potential therapeutic use of clavulanic acid for cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease.
Rapid and comprehensive evaluation of microalgal fatty acids via untargeted gas chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Morschett Holger , Gätgens Jochem , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDue to their high triacylglyceride content, microalgae are intensively investigated for bio‐economy and food applications. However, lipid analysis is a laborious task incorporating extraction, transesterification and typically gas chromatographic measurement. Co‐elution induces a significant risk of fatty acid misidentification and thus, additional purification steps like thin layer chromatography are needed. Contrary to database matching approaches, solely targeted analysis is facilitated as compound identification is driven by matching retention times or indices with standard substances. In this context, a rapid workflow for the analysis of algal fatty acids is presented. In‐situ transesterification was used to simplify sample preparation and conditions were optimized towards fast processing. If results are needed at the very day of sampling, direct processing without a preceding drying step is feasible to obtain a rough estimate about the occurrence of the major compounds. Coupling gas chromatography and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry enables untargeted analysis. Unknown compounds may be identified by structural reconstruction of their respective fragmentation patterns and by database matching to routinely avoid mismatches by co‐elution of disturbing agents. The developed workflow was successfully applied to derive the exact stereochemistry of all fatty acids from Chlorella vulgaris and a systematic shift depending on physiological state of the cells was confirmed.
One Step Synthesis of Tertiary Co‐doped Graphene Electrocatalyst Using Microalgae Synechococcus elangatus for Applying in Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Sadegh Hassani S. , Ziaedini A. , Samiee L. , Dehghani M. , Mashayekhi M. , Faramarzi M. A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, heteroatom‐doped porous graphene was synthesized by pyrolysis method using microalgae Synechococcus elangatus as a biomass resource. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption‐desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized samples was investigated for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evaluated using microbial fuel cell (MFC).The results revealed that the catalytic activity of the prepared sample including N, S and P atoms on porous graphene (PG) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.%. According to the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements, the onset potential of optimal sample (0.97 V versus RHE) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.% (0.99 V versus RHE). Furthermore, the stability test demonstrated much better tolerance to the methanol crossover effects for the optimal sample in comparison to the Pt/C 20 wt.%.Moreover, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) test showed that the cell potential of the optimal sample is close to Pt/C 2 wt.%, and represented a high peak power density of 31.5 mW m−2, which is comparable to the Pt/C 20wt.% (38.6 mW m−2) cathodes, because of synergistic effect of N, S and P co‐doped carbon structure, which leads to improvement in catalytic activity.
Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species
Authors: Shaughnessy Kevin H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPalladium catalysts have become central to modern organic synthesis, particularly in the context of cross‐coupling reactions to form C−C and C‐heteroatom bonds. The development of highly efficient catalyst systems has seen a transition from the use of in situ‐generated catalysts derived from a ligand source and palladium precursor to the use of preformed palladium‐ligand complexes that can efficiently generate the active species. The design of these systems has focused on optimizing the generation of the LPd(0) species presumed to be the active catalysts with most state‐of‐the‐art ligand systems. This review will highlight the development of Pd(0), Pd(I), and Pd(II) precatalysts that efficiently generate LPd(0) active species with a focus on their activation mechanisms and applications in catalysis.
Assessment of the scale‐up of cervical cancer screening in Abidjan stratified by HIV status
Authors: Boni Simon , Tchounga Boris , Comoe Kouassi , Guie Privat , Adié Mesmin , Horo Apollinaire , Messou Eugène , Ekouévi Didier K. , Dabis François , Adoubi Innocent , Jaquet Antoine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the successes and challenges of scaling up a population‐based cervical cancer (CC) screening program from HIV clinics to various healthcare facilities in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.MethodA retrospective analysis of characteristics, outcomes, and follow‐up of women attending an initial CC screening visit in Abidjan between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected via forms that were systematically completed during CC screening visits. Data from the 2014 population census were used to estimate screening coverage.ResultsAmong 16 169 women attending an initial CC screening, 1616 (10.0%) had a positive VIA test. Among 848 women eligible for immediate cryotherapy, 618 (72.9%) underwent the “see‐and‐treat” approach. The 1‐year follow‐up rate after cryotherapy was 23.1% (143/618), and was higher among women with HIV (111/362, 30.7%) than among other women (32/256, 12.5%) (P=0.001). The estimated coverage of CC screening in Abidjan was 1.2% (95% confidence interval, 0.6–3.1).ConclusionDespite successful expansion of CC screening from HIV clinics to other facilities, the estimated screening coverage of the targeted population remained low. Follow‐up of positively screened and treated women is a major challenge, especially outside HIV clinics, and would benefit from an innovative information system proving unique identification and tracking systems.
Neurosurgical brain tumor detection based on intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging technique: A case report of glioblastoma
Authors: Liu Xin‐Rui , Hsiao Tien‐Yu , Li Yun‐Qian , Chiu Kai‐Shih , Huang Chun‐Jung , Li Shan‐Ji , Lin Ching Po , Zhao Gang , Sun Chia‐Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe delineation of brain tumor margins has been a challenging objective in neurosurgery for decades. Despite the development of various preoperative imaging techniques, the current methodology is still insufficient for clinical practice. We present an intraoperative optical intrinsic signal imaging system for brain tumor surgery and establish a data processing procedure model to localize tumors. From the experimental result of a glioblastoma patient, we observe a relative small oscillation of ΔHbD in tumor region and speculate that vessels in tumor region have poor ability to provide oxygen. We applied the same data processing procedure on the second time data and proclaimed a successful surgery. Figure: Merged ΔHbD image captured prior and posterior to tumor removal.
Cardiac Diffusion: Technique and Practical Applications
Authors: Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Scott Andrew , Ferreira Pedro , Khalique Zohya , Pennell Dudley , Firmin David 
Published: September 2019

The 3D microarchitecture of the cardiac muscle underlies the mechanical and electrical properties of the heart. Cardiomyocytes are arranged helically through the depth of the wall, and their shortening leads to macroscopic torsion, twist, and shortening during cardiac contraction. Furthermore, cardiomyocytes are organized in sheetlets separated by shear layers, which reorientate, slip, and shear during macroscopic left ventricle (LV) wall thickening. Cardiac diffusion provides a means for noninvasive interrogation of the 3D microarchitecture of the myocardium. The fundamental principle of MR diffusion is that an MRI signal is attenuated by the self‐diffusion of water in the presence of large diffusion‐encoding gradients. Since water molecules are constrained by the boundaries in biological tissue (cell membranes, collagen layers, etc.), depicting their diffusion behavior elucidates the shape of the myocardial microarchitecture they are embedded in. Cardiac diffusion therefore provides a noninvasive means to understand not only the dynamic changes in cardiac microstructure of healthy myocardium during cardiac contraction but also the pathophysiological changes in the presence of disease. This unique and innovative technology offers tremendous potential to enable improved clinical diagnosis through novel microstructural and functional assessment. in vivo cardiac diffusion methods are immediately translatable to patients, opening new avenues for diagnostic investigation and treatment evaluation in a range of clinically important cardiac pathologies. This review article describes the 3D microstructure of the LV, explains in vivo and ex vivo cardiac MR diffusion acquisition and postprocessing techniques, as well as clinical applications to date.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:348–368.
Projected changes in rainfall and temperature over the Philippines from multiple dynamical downscaling models
Authors: Villafuerte Marcelino Q. , Macadam Ian , Daron Joseph , Katzfey Jack , Cinco Thelma A. , Ares Emma D. , Jones Richard G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo help meet increasing demands for high‐resolution climate change projections in the Philippines, this study provides the results of multiple dynamically downscaled climate model simulations for projected changes in rainfall and temperature over the country by the mid‐21st century (2036–2065) relative to the baseline period (1971–2000), under the RCP8.5 scenario. The model‐simulated seasonal means of temperature, rainfall, and low‐level wind patterns were first compared with observations during the baseline period. Comparisons made between the model‐derived and APHRODITE observation‐based gridded temperature and rainfall data indicate that the dynamically downscaled simulations provide an overall improvement from their driving global climate models in capturing the spatial patterns of rainfall over the country, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of the country's mean temperature. Future climate projections show that the country's climate is expected to become warmer by the mid‐21st century, with a multi‐model ensemble mean increase of 1.2 to 1.9°C, relative to the baseline period, projected for many parts of the country and across most seasons. Slightly higher increases are projected during the country's hottest season, March–April–May. However, there are large differences in the models' projected rainfall changes by the mid‐21st century across seasons and regions. For most parts of the country, the multi‐model ensemble includes simulations that show increases and simulations that show decreases in rainfall. Nevertheless, there is a tendency of model projections towards wetter conditions over northern and central sections of the country (particularly in the December–January–February season) and drier conditions in the southern region of the country in almost all seasons. The results demonstrate the need for communities in the Philippines to adapt to a future warmer climate and prepare for a range of possible future changes in rainfall and temperature.
Efficacy and Safety of Ablative Resurfacing With A High‐Energy 1,064 Nd‐YAG Picosecond‐domain Laser for the Treatment of Facial Acne Scars in Asians
Authors: Dai Ying‐Xiu , Chuang Ying‐Yen , Chen Po‐Yu , Chen Chih‐Chiang 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThere have been few studies regarding the use of a picosecond‐domain laser for acne scars in Asians. This prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a high‐energy 1,064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond‐domain laser for ablation and resurfacing of facial acne scars in Asians.MethodsSubjects were treated with a 1,064 nm picosecond laser (8 mm spot, 0.7–1.0 J/cm2, 5 Hz) every 4 weeks for three sessions. Two blinded dermatologists evaluated the pre‐ and 3‐month post‐treatment images with a 10‐point improvement scale. Subject pain, global improvement, and satisfaction were also assessed. The Facial Acne Scar Quality of Life (FASQoL) questionnaire was used to evaluate the subjects’ quality of life.ResultsTwenty subjects aged 18–50 years with Fitzpatrick skin type III–V were enrolled. The median dermatologist‐rated improvement score was 3 out of 10. Subjects were satisfied to very satisfied with global improvement. Subjects’ quality of life significantly improved with a median FASQoL score of 10 after treatment compared with 21 before treatment (P < 0.001). Adverse effects were limited to erythema, pain, and edema without postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.ConclusionsThe 1,064 nm picosecond‐domain laser with ablative resurfacing parameters is safe and effective for the treatment of acne scars in Asians. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture of attached and suspended Rhodopseudomonas faecalis in the presence of decomposing fish feed
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Liu Xingguo , Lu Shimin , Liu Chong , Gu Zhaojun , Zeng Xianlei , Ni Qi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn approach to culturing attached and suspended forms of Rhodopseudomonas faecalis by using compound fish feed with tap water in transparent containers is reported in this study. The ratio of fish feed to tap water was 14.3–50.8 g/L, and no other inoculum or substances were added during the culture process. When the ratio of fish feed to tap water was 14.3 g/L, the highest total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total dissolved carbon content recorded in the water in the containers were approximately 730 mg/L, 356 mg/L, and 1,620 mg/L, respectively, during the process of feed decay. Comamonas, Rhodopseudomonas, and Clostridium successively dominated during the culture process. Rhodopseudomonas was the most common dominant genus in both the attached and suspended forms when the water was dark red, and the relative operational taxonomic unit abundance reached 80‒89% and 24.8%, respectively. The dominant species was R. faecalis. The maximum thickness of attached bacteria and the biomass of attached Rhodopseudomonas reached up to 0.56 mm and 7.5 mg/cm2, respectively. This study provides a method for the mass culture of Rhodopseudomonas by using the fermentation of aquatic compound fish feed.
A modified feed U‐slot patch antenna array for airborne very high frequency ice‐penetrating radar
Authors: Awasthi Abhishek K. , Yan Jie‐Bang , Hale Rick , Harish Ayyangar Ranganath , Gogineni Siva Prasad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article presents a 3 × 2 element U‐slot patch antenna array with modified feed for airborne very high frequency applications. The antenna array is designed to upgrade the Multichannel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder/Imager on board the National Aeronautics and Space Administration DC‐8 aircraft. The antenna array is placed in an aerodynamic fairing structure designed for airborne operation. The major objective is to design an antenna array with a wider impedance bandwidth compared to the existing array. Impedance bandwidth improvement is achieved in two steps. First step is by increasing the bandwidth of antenna element itself and the second step is by utilizing the mutual coupling between the elements of the array. To avoid the problem associated with a rigid probe feed, a modified flexible feed is designed, which can withstand the atmospheric and aerodynamic forces at high altitudes. A matching network is used at each antenna element in this array to further improve the impedance matching. The final antenna array with fairing structure achieved a fractional bandwidth of the 62.5% at center frequency of 243.75 MHz.
A miniaturized implantable planar inverted‐F antenna for biotelemetry applications at 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band
Authors: Wu Qiu‐Hai , Xuan Xiu‐Wei , Wang Wei , Li Kun , Zhao Hai‐Bo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis letter proposes an implantable planar inverted‐F antenna for biotelemetry applications, which operates at 2.4 GHz‐2.48 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band. The antenna is miniaturized by loading a shorting metal surface between the radiating patch and the ground. Moreover, biocompatible substrate‐superstrate layers are used to achieve low specific absorption rate (SAR). We study the performance of antennas at different implant depths. The simulated and measured results show the proposed antenna has higher realized gain of −4.5 dB at 2.45 GHz. The impedance bandwidth (−10 dB) of 180 MHz (2.34 GHz‐2.52 GHz) can be obtained. Moreover, this antenna has a lower SAR value of 113.5 W/kg for a 1‐g standard, which satisfies the regulations in the IEEE standard.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis Reduction Using an Exclusive Human‐Milk Diet and Probiotic Supplementation in Infants With 1000–1499 Gram Birth Weight
Authors: Sato Ray , Malai Solyvattey , Razmjouy Behzad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major complication confronting clinicians caring for premature infants. This investigation compares clinical outcomes before and after quality improvement–program interventions in a population of premature infants at intermediate risk for NEC.MethodsThis study is a retrospective single‐center chart review of infants admitted with a birth weight of 1000–1499 g, excluding major congenital anomalies, over a 6‐year period, beginning with implementation of a donor breast‐milk program when mother's own milk was not available. Infants were separated into 2 epochs, before (July 2012–December 2013) and after (April 2014–June 2018) introduction of human milk–derived fortifier (Prolacta) and a daily probiotic (FloraBABY) supplement.ResultsComparing 140 preintervention infants with 265 postintervention infants, NEC was significantly lower in the postintervention group: 5.2% vs 1.1% (P = 0.046). Somatic growth was similar in both epochs.ConclusionsQuality‐improvement initiatives utilizing an exclusive human‐milk diet and daily probiotic supplementation were associated with a decreased incidence of NEC in infants with a birth weight of 1000–1499 g. Implementation of the NEC reduction bundle did not affect infant growth.
Leaving the Slip System ‐ Cross Slip in Continuum Dislocation Dynamics
Authors: Weger Benedikt , Hochrainer Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDislocations are the main contributors to plastic deformation of crystalline materials. An important step towards the description of hardening behavior is the consideration of cross slip, as it drives the exchange of dislocations between slip systems, thus playing a major role in dislocation multiplication or annihilation. In density based continuum theories of dislocations, dislocations are usually considered closed curves within their slip planes. Recent discrete dislocation dynamics simulations, however, suggest that only a small fraction of dislocations is actually closed on a single slip system, due to cross slip and dislocation reactions. We therefore investigate how the kinematics of moving open curves can be considered in dislocation density based models. The assumption of open planar curves leads to modified evolution equations for the dislocation state variables. These extended evolution equations are presented for the theory of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) and for the higher dimensional continuum dislocation dynamics theory (hdCDD). The resulting equations are checked for plausibility by numerical calculations using the finite volume method.