bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Responses of Dissolved Black Carbon and Dissolved Lignin to Seasonal Hydrological Changes and an Extreme Rain Event
Authors: Bao Hongyan , Niggemann Jutta , Huang Dekun , Dittmar Thorsten , Kao Shuh‐Ji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHydrology, especially extreme hydrological events, has been recognized as an important driver of the land‐to‐ocean export of terrigenous dissolved organic matter (tDOM). Nevertheless, how various types of tDOM that differ in source and reactivity respond to changes in hydrology is not known. Seasonal and event exports of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved black carbon (DBC), and dissolved lignin were studied in a small subtropical river. We found that seasonal variations in DBC concentration were significantly related to hydrology, while DOC and dissolved lignin were not. In contrast, DOC, DBC, and dissolved lignin changed similarly during an extreme rain event. The variation magnitudes of DOC, DBC, and dissolved lignin concentrations were in the lower end compared to other rivers, which may be related to the limited coverage of wetlands and riparian vegetation and poor development of organic‐rich soil. Dilution effects were observed when the runoff exceeded 0.4 mm/hr, and the fluxes of both DBC and dissolved lignin decreased during the runoff peak, which was caused by surface flow and potentially by removal processes during peak discharge. Our results suggest that the influence of hydrology varies with tDOM source and reactivity and that high enough runoff (e.g., 0.7 mm/hr in the Jiulong River) may not enhance the export rate of tDOM. However, our study was carried out in a small watershed with limited wetlands and riparian vegetation, and more studies are needed to verify whether this trend is consistent among global rivers.
Statistical Occurrence and Distribution of High‐Amplitude Whistler Mode Waves in the Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Tyler E. , Breneman A. , Cattell C. , Wygant J. , Thaller S. , Malaspina D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe present the first statistical analysis with continuous data coverage and nonaveraged amplitudes of the prevalence and distribution of high‐amplitude (>5 mV/m) whistler mode waves in the outer radiation belt using 5 years of Van Allen Probes data. These waves are most common above L = 3.5 and between magnetic local time of 0–7 where they are present 1–4% of the time. During high geomagnetic activity, high‐amplitude whistler mode wave occurrence rises above 30% in some regions. During these active times the plasmasphere erodes to lower L and high‐amplitude waves are observed at all L outside of it, with the highest occurrence at low L (3.5–4) in the predawn sector. These results have important implications for modeling radiation belt particle interactions with chorus, as large‐amplitude waves interact nonlinearly with electrons. Results also may provide clues regarding the mechanisms which result in growth to large amplitudes.
Polygenic predictors of age-related decline in cognitive ability
Authors: Ritchie Stuart J. , Hill W. David , Marioni Riccardo E. , Davies Gail , Hagenaars Saskia P. , Harris Sarah E. , Cox Simon R. , Taylor Adele M. , Corley Janie , Pattie Alison , Redmond Paul , Starr John M. , Deary Ian J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPolygenic scores can be used to distil the knowledge gained in genome-wide association studies for prediction of health, lifestyle, and psychological factors in independent samples. In this preregistered study, we used fourteen polygenic scores to predict variation in cognitive ability level at age 70, and cognitive change from age 70 to age 79, in the longitudinal Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. The polygenic scores were created for phenotypes that have been suggested as risk or protective factors for cognitive ageing. Cognitive abilities within older age were indexed using a latent general factor estimated from thirteen varied cognitive tests taken at four waves, each three years apart (initialn = 1091 age 70; finaln = 550 age 79). The general factor indexed over two-thirds of the variance in longitudinal cognitive change. We ran additional analyses using an age-11 intelligence test to index cognitive change from age 11 to age 70. Several polygenic scores were associated with the level of cognitive ability at age-70 baseline (range of standardizedβ-values = –0.178 to 0.302), and the polygenic score for education was associated with cognitive change from childhood to age 70 (standardizedβ = 0.100). No polygenic scores were statistically significantly associated with variation in cognitive change between ages 70 and 79, and effect sizes were small. However,APOEe4 status made a significant prediction of the rate of cognitive decline from age 70 to 79 (standardizedβ = –0.319 for carriers vs. non-carriers). The results suggest that the predictive validity for cognitive ageing of polygenic scores derived from genome-wide association study summary statistics is not yet on a par withAPOEe4, a better-established predictor.
MiR-210-3p protects endometriotic cells from oxidative stress-induced cell cycle arrest by targeting BARD1
Authors: Dai Yongdong , Lin Xiang , Xu Wenzhi , Lin Xiaona , Huang Qianmeng , Shi Libing , Pan Yibin , Zhang Yinli , Zhu Yunshan , Li Chao , Liu Lulu , Zhang Songying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEndometriosis is associated with benign but adversely developed cysts in the extrauterine environment. The oxidative imbalanced environment induces DNA damage and affects cell cycle progression of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and endometrial epithelial cells, but how endometriotic cells maintain proliferation in the presence of oxidative stress is not clear. Growing evidence has indicated that the ectopic hypoxic microenvironment and oxidative stress can stimulate the growth of endometriotic cells, which is mainly due to the increase of HIF-1α. We found that the master hypoxia-associated miRNA miR-210-3p was increased in stromal and glandular cells of ectopic lesions compared with that of eutopic and normal endometria and was consistent with the expression of HIF-1α and the local oxidative stress-induced DNA damage predictor 8-OHdG. Moreover, miR-210-3p was upregulated in ESCs and Ishikawa cells under hypoxic conditions but not in normoxic culture. Knockdown of miR-210-3p induced a G2/M arrest of ESCs and Ishikawa cells under hypoxia, while no effect was found under normoxia. BARD1 was identified as a target of miR-210-3p. BARD1 expression was decreased in endometriotic tissues compared with eutopic and normal endometria and negatively correlated with the expression of miR-210-3p. Multivariate regression analysis showed that BARD1 downregulation could serve as an indicator for endometriotic severity. Our results suggest that miR-210-3p attenuates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint by inactivating BRCA1 complex function in response to DNA damage under hypoxia via targeting the 3′ untranslated region of BARD1 mRNA. Endometriotic mouse model experiments showed that intraperitoneal injection of the miR-210-3p inhibitor or vitamin C suppressed the growth of endometriotic lesions. Together, our results demonstrate that endometriotic cells inhibit BARD1/BRCA1 function by upregulating miR-210-3p, which might be the underlying mechanism for endometriotic cell maintenance of growth in oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-210-3p and administration of vitamin C are promising approaches for the treatment of endometriosis.
Evolution of the electrochemical interface in sodium ion batteries with ether electrolytes
Authors: Li Kaikai , Zhang Jun , Lin Dongmei , Wang Da-Wei , Li Baohua , Lv Wei , Sun Sheng , He Yan-Bing , Kang Feiyu , Yang Quan-Hong , Zhou Limin , Zhang Tong-Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEther based electrolytes have surfaced as alternatives to conventional carbonates allowing for enhanced electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries; however, the primary source of the improvement remains poorly understood. Here we show that coupling titanium dioxide and other anode materials with diglyme does enable higher efficiency and reversible capacity than those for the combination involving ester electrolytes. Importantly, the electrolyte dependent performance is revealed to be the result of the different structural evolution induced by a varied sodiation depth. A suit of characterizations show that the energy barrier to charge transfer at the interface between electrolyte and electrode is the factor that dominates the interfacial electrochemical characteristics and therefore the energy storage properties. Our study proposes a reliable parameter to assess the intricate sodiation dynamics in sodium-ion batteries and could guide the design of aprotic electrolytes for next generation rechargeable batteries.
Genomic characterization of genes encoding histone acetylation modulator proteins identifies therapeutic targets for cancer treatment
Authors: Hu Zhongyi , Zhou Junzhi , Jiang Junjie , Yuan Jiao , Zhang Youyou , Wei Xuepeng , Loo Nicki , Wang Yueying , Pan Yutian , Zhang Tianli , Zhong Xiaomin , Long Meixiao , Montone Kathleen T. , Tanyi Janos L. , Fan Yi , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Hu Xiaowen , Zhang Lin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA growing emphasis in anticancer drug discovery efforts has been on targeting histone acetylation modulators. Here we comprehensively analyze the genomic alterations of the genes encoding histone acetylation modulator proteins (HAMPs) in the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and observe that HAMPs have a high frequency of focal copy number alterations and recurrent mutations, whereas transcript fusions of HAMPs are relatively rare genomic events in common adult cancers. Collectively, 86.3% (63/73) of HAMPs have recurrent alterations in at least 1 cancer type and 16 HAMPs, including 9 understudied HAMPs, are identified as putative therapeutic targets across multiple cancer types. For example, the recurrent focal amplification of BRD9 is observed in 9 cancer types and genetic depletion of BRD9 inhibits tumor growth. Our systematic genomic analysis of HAMPs across a large-scale cancer specimen cohort may facilitate the identification and prioritization of potential drug targets and selection of suitable patients for precision treatment.
Loss of BCL9/9l suppresses Wnt driven tumourigenesis in models that recapitulate human cancer
Authors: Gay David M. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Müller Miryam , Hodder Michael C. , Hedley Ann , Clark William , Leach Joshua D. , Jackstadt Rene , Nixon Colin , Huels David J. , Campbell Andrew D. , Bird Thomas G. , Sansom Owen J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDifferent thresholds of Wnt signalling are thought to drive stem cell maintenance, regeneration, differentiation and cancer. However, the principle that oncogenic Wnt signalling could be specifically targeted remains controversial. Here we examine the requirement of BCL9/9l, constituents of the Wnt-enhanceosome, for intestinal transformation following loss of the tumour suppressor APC. Although required for Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and regeneration, Bcl9/9l deletion has no impact upon normal intestinal homeostasis. Loss of BCL9/9l suppressed many features of acute APC loss and subsequent Wnt pathway deregulation in vivo. This resulted in a level of Wnt pathway activation that favoured tumour initiation in the proximal small intestine (SI) and blocked tumour growth in the colon. Furthermore, Bcl9/9l deletion completely abrogated β-catenin driven intestinal and hepatocellular transformation. We speculate these results support the just-right hypothesis of Wnt–driven tumour formation. Importantly, loss of BCL9/9l is particularly effective at blocking colonic tumourigenesis and mutations that most resemble those that occur in human cancer.
A three-dimensional ratiometric sensing strategy on unimolecular fluorescence–thermally activated delayed fluorescence dual emission
Authors: Li Xuping , Baryshnikov Gleb , Deng Chao , Bao Xiaoyan , Wu Bin , Zhou Yunyun , Ågren Hans , Zhu Liangliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVisualized sensing through fluorescence signals is a powerful method for chemical and physical detection. However, the utilization of fluorescent molecular probes still suffers from lack of precise signal self-calibration in practical use. Here we show that fluorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence can be simultaneously produced at the single-molecular level. The thermally activated delayed fluorescence serves as a sensing signal with its wavelength and lifetime both altered correlating to polarity, whereas the fluorescence always remains unchanged as an internal reference. Upon the establishment of a three-dimensional working curve upon the ratiometric wavelength and photoluminescence lifetime vs. polarity, disturbance factors during a relevant sensing process can be largely minimized by such a multiple self-calibration. This strategy was further applied into a precise detection of the microenvironmental polarity variation in complex phospholipid systems, towards providing new insights for convenient and accurate diagnosis of membrane lesions.
Inactive Tlk associating with Tak1 increases p38 MAPK activity to prolong the G2 phase
Authors: Liaw Gwo-Jen , Chiang Chuen-Sheue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo guard genome integrity, response mechanisms coordinately execute the G2/M checkpoint in responding to stress. p38 MAPK is activated to prolong the G2 phase for completion of damage repair. Tlk activity is required for DNA repair, chromosome segregation and G2 recovery. However, the involvement of Tlk in G2 recovery differs from previous findings that Tlk overexpression delays the G2/M transition. To clarify this difference, genetic interaction experiments were performed using the second mitotic wave as model system. The results indicate that Tlk overexpression prolongs the G2 phase through p38 MAPK activation, independent of Tlk kinase activity. The results of co-immunoprecipitation, database search and RNAi screening suggest that eEF1α1 and Hsc70-5 links Tlk to Tak1. Reduced gene activities of Tlk, Hsc70-5, eEF1α1 and/or Tak1 couldn’t prolong the G2 phase induced by heat shock, indicating that these proteins work together to elevate p38 MAPK activity. In contrast, a high level of wild type Tlk decreases phosphorylated p38 MAPK levels. Thus, the difference is explained by a dual function of Tlk. When under stress, inactive Tlk increases p38 MAPK activity to prolong the G2 phase, and then activated Tlk modulates activities of p38 MAPK and Asf1 to promote G2 recovery afterwards.
In-situ behavioural and physiological responses of Antarctic microphytobenthos to ocean acidification
Authors: Black James G. , Stark Jonathan S. , Johnstone Glenn J. , McMinn Andrew , Boyd Philip , McKinlay John , Wootherspoon Simon , Runcie John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is predicted to alter benthic marine community structure and function, however, there is a paucity of field experiments in benthic soft sediment communities and ecosystems. Benthic diatoms are important components of Antarctic coastal ecosystems, however very little is known of how they will respond to ocean acidification. Ocean acidification conditions were maintained by incremental computer controlled addition of high fCO2 seawater representing OA conditions predicted for the year 2100. Respiration chambers and PAM fluorescence techniques were used to investigate acute behavioural, photosynthetic and net production responses of benthic microalgae communities to OA in in-situ field experiments. We demonstrate how OA can modify behavioural ecology, which changes photo-physiology and net production of benthic microalgae. Ocean acidification treatments significantly altered behavioural ecology, which in turn altered photo-physiology. The ecological trends presented here have the potential to manifest into significant ecological change over longer time periods.
Association of Hepatitis C and B Virus Infection with CKD and Impact of Hepatitis C Treatment on CKD
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xu Hongqin , Wu Ruihong , Yu Ge , Sun Haibo , Lv Juan , Wang Xiaomei , Chi Xiumei , Gao Xiuzhu , Kong Fei , Zhang Mingyuan , Hang Lei , Jiang Jing , Pan Yu , Niu Junqi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection greatly increases the risk of nephropathy. In this observational study, we aimed to explore the relationship between viral hepatitis infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD), identify risk factors, and determine the effect of antiviral treatment on CKD in Chinese patients with chronic HCV infection. A total of 2,435 study subjects were enrolled and divided into four groups: the HCV infection, HBV infection, HBV and HCV co-infection, and uninfected control groups. Of these, 207 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) were given standard dual therapy [subcutaneous injection of recombinant interferon (IFN)-α2b and oral ribavirin (RBV)] for 48 weeks. We found that the prevalence of CKD gradually increased with age in all groups and was significantly increased in patients 60 years or older. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that persistent HCV infection was significantly associated with CKD [odds ratio (OR), 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.66; P = 0.013], whereas there was no significant link between CKD and spontaneous HCV clearance (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.79–1.90; P = 0.364), HBV infection (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.44–1.19; P = 0.201), or HBV/HCV co-infection (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.81–2.40; P = 0.234). Notably, after anti-HCV therapy, the serum creatinine concentration was significantly decreased (76.0, 75.5–79.4 μmol/L) from the pretreatment level (95.0, 93.0–97.2 μmol/L), both in patients who showed an end of treatment virological response (ETVR) and those who did not (P < 0.001). Also, in both the ETVR and non-ETVR groups, the percentages of patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 increased significantly (P < 0.001), whereas the percentages of those with an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 significantly decreased (P < 0.001). In conclusion, persistent HCV infection was independently associated with CKD, and antiviral treatment with IFN plus RBV can improve renal function and reverse CKD in HCV-infected patients.
Web-based display of protein surface and pH-dependent properties for assessing the developability of biotherapeutics
Authors: Hebditch Max , Warwicker Jim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProtein instability leads to reversible self-association and irreversible aggregation which is a major concern for developing new biopharmaceutical leads. Protein solution behaviour is dictated by the physicochemical properties of the protein and the solution. Optimising protein solutions through experimental screens and targeted protein engineering can be a difficult and time consuming process. Here, we describe development of the protein-sol web server, which was previously restricted to protein solubility prediction from amino acid sequence. Tools are presented for calculating and mapping patches of hydrophobicity and charge on the protein surface. In addition, predictions of folded state stability and net charge are displayed as a heatmap for a range of pH and ionic strength conditions. Tools are evaluated in the context of antibodies, their fragments and interactions. Surprisingly, antibody-antigen interfaces are, on average, at least as polar as Fab surfaces. This benchmarking process provides the user with thresholds with which to assess non-polar surface patches, and possible solubility implications, in proteins of interest. Stability heatmaps compare favourably with experimental data for CH2 and CH3 domains. Display and quantification of surface polarity and pH/ionic strength dependence will be useful generally for investigation of protein biophysics.
The oxytocinergic system mediates synchronized interpersonal movement during dance
Authors: Josef Liad , Goldstein Pavel , Mayseless Naama , Ayalon Liat , Shamay-Tsoory Simone G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBecause the oxytocinergic (OT) system has previously been linked to regulation of complex social cognition and behavior, we examined whether intranasal administration of OT would modulate synchronization during a real-life dance paradigm. The current study examined pairs of friends while dancing after intranasal administration of OT or placebo. Motion tracking software and a computational model were utilized to measure synchrony between the partners as manifested in the velocity of their movements. In line with our predictions, OT increased synchrony between partners. This effect was stronger for individuals with higher trait empathy scores. We concluded that the OT system plays an important role in promoting interpersonal synchrony during dance, suggesting that OT underlies the kinesthetic dimension of empathy. Although the biological mechanisms underlying empathy have been studied extensively, scientifically validated knowledge about the kinesthetic dimension of empathy is still lacking. The current study supports the hypothesis that interpersonal synchronization in body movement could be a marker of kinesthetic empathy.
Beech Wood Pyrolysis in Polyethylene Melt as a Means of Enhancing Levoglucosan and Methoxyphenol Production
Authors: Kumagai Shogo , Fujita Kohei , Takahashi Yusuke , Nakai Yumi , Kameda Tomohito , Saito Yuko , Yoshioka Toshiaki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecycling wood/plastic composites in municipal and industrial wastes currently represents a challenge which needs to be overcome. In this work, we considered the concept of independent pyrolysis of wood and plastic in wood/plastic mixtures for enabling a versatile catalytic process design which is capable of producing recoverable final products from both components. In order to reveal the influence of plastic on wood pyrolysis, the pyrolysis of beech wood (BW, wood material) in a polyethylene (PE) melt (polyolefin material) was performed at 350 °C. The combined use of thermogravimetric analysis, product recovery studies, in situ radical characterisations, and microscopic analysis revealed the influence of the PE melt on the BW pyrolysis. More specifically, a physical prevention of the intermolecular condensation and hydrogen abstraction from PE pyrolysates in the liquid/solid phase was observed. These interactions enhanced the production of levoglucosan and methoxyphenols by factors of 1.7 and 1.4, respectively, during the BW pyrolysis in the PE melt. Based on these results, we concluded that the observed synergistic effects could potentially control the yield and quality of useful products, as well as the utilisation of mixed wood/plastic wastes, which cannot be effectively recycled otherwise.
Stronger responses in the visual cortex of sighted compared to blind individuals during auditory space representation
Authors: Campus Claudio , Sandini Giulio , Amadeo Maria Bianca , Gori Monica 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt has been previously shown that the interaction between vision and audition involves early sensory cortices. However, the functional role of these interactions and their modulation due to sensory impairment is not yet understood. To shed light on the impact of vision on auditory spatial processing, we recorded ERPs and collected psychophysical responses during space and time bisection tasks in sighted and blind participants. They listened to three consecutive sounds and judged whether the second sound was either spatially or temporally further from the first or the third sound. We demonstrate that spatial metric representation of sounds elicits an early response of the visual cortex (P70) which is different between sighted and visually deprived individuals. Indeed, only in sighted and not in blind people P70 is strongly selective for the spatial position of sounds, mimicking many aspects of the visual-evoked C1. These results suggest that early auditory processing associated with the construction of spatial maps is mediated by visual experience. The lack of vision might impair the projection of multi-sensory maps on the retinotopic maps used by the visual cortex.