bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LAL (Lysosomal Acid Lipase) Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bowden Kristin L. , Dubland Joshua A. , Chan Teddy , Xu You-Hai , Grabowski Gregory A. , Du Hong , Francis Gordon A. 
Published: March 2018

Objective—
To explore the role of LAL (lysosomal acid lipase) in macrophage cholesterol efflux and whole-body reverse cholesterol transport.

Approach and Results—

Immortalized peritoneal macrophages from lal
−/−
mice showed reduced expression of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1), reduced production of the regulatory oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol, and impaired suppression of cholesterol synthesis on exposure to acetylated low-density lipoprotein when compared with lal
+/+
macrophages. LAL-deficient mice also showed reduced hepatic ABCG5 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G5) and ABCG8 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G8) expression compared with lal
+/+
mice. LAL-deficient macrophages loaded with [
3
H]-cholesteryl oleate-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein showed impaired efflux of released [
3
H]-cholesterol to apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), with normalization of [
3
H]-cholesteryl ester levels and partial correction of ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux to apoA-I when treated with exogenous rhLAL (recombinant human LAL protein). LAL-deficient mice injected intraperitoneally with lal
−/−
macrophages cholesterol loaded and labeled in the same way exhibited only 1.55±0.35% total injected [
3
H]-cholesterol counts appearing in the feces for 48 h (n=30), compared with 5.38±0.92% in lal
+/+
mice injected with labeled lal
+/+
macrophages (n=27),
P
<0.001. To mimic the therapeutic condition of delivery of supplemental LAL in vivo, injection of labeled lal
−/−
macrophages into lal
+/+
mice resulted in a significant increase in reverse cholesterol transport (2.60±0.46% of
3
H-cholesterol counts in feces at 48 hours [n=19];
P
<0.001 when compared with injection into lal
−/−
mice).

Conclusions—
These results indicate a critical role for LAL in promoting both macrophage and whole-body reverse cholesterol transport and the ability of supplemental LAL to be taken up and correct reverse cholesterol transport in vivo.
“A Good Martha?” Female Leadership and Domestic Life in Radical Pietistic Communities
Authors: Bouldin Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Radical pietistic and renewal movements gave rise to a diverse number of communities throughout northern Europe starting in the late seventeenth century. Many groups practiced a conventicle-style piety, in which they held religious services in private settings such as houses. A distinctive feature of these semi-sequestered communities was the extent to which women took on active roles, sometimes to the point of leading and directing their fellow believers. Focusing on the Netherlandish mystic Antoinette Bourignon and the English Philadelphian Jane Lead, this article examines how these women adapted their religious, social, and domestic activity to meet the functions and demands of community leadership. It argues that Bourignon and Lead redefined and troubled the boundaries between their religious and domestic lives as they sought to practice an individual piety while also transforming private houses into sites of active communal religious life.
Sustaining “the Household of Faith”: Female Hospitality in the Early Transatlantic Quaker Community
Authors: Pullin Naomi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Women occupied a central place in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century transatlantic Quakerism. They acted as prophets, missionaries, authors and spiritual leaders of their communities. Recent scholarship has offered important insights into the unparalleled public roles available to women within the early Quaker community. But little is known about the networks of hospitality that developed across the British Atlantic that made itinerant missionary service possible. The generosity of countless female Quakers to unknown “Friends” remains an underexplored aspect of early Quaker history. Using printed spiritual testimonies and correspondence exchanged between Quaker missionaries and their female hosts, this article shows how ministers were “sustained” during their travels. Active religious service did not have to equate to ministerial work, and networks of female hospitality provided an important accompaniment to the national and transatlantic Quaker mission.
Parentage determination of cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) based on microsatellite DNA markers
Authors: Guo Baoying , Guan Ao , Qi Pengzhi , Lv Zhenming , Wu Changwen , Xu Kaida , Ping Hongling , Shi Huilai 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Microsatellite markers have been used for more than ten years to elucidate parentage relationships in aquaculture species. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of utilizing microsatellite markers for parentage determination in cuttlefish (Sepiella japonica) using simulations and real data analysis. We developed a panel of eight microsatellite markers in our lab. These markers were highly polymorphic with a mean of 10.1 alleles and an average expected heterozygosity value of 0.809. Using five simple sequence repeat markers, an allele frequency data-based simulation indicated that the combined exclusion probability values would be over 99%, whereas the rate of assignment success for the real data set was 91.8%. Mismatches caused by null alleles and scoring errors at microsatellite loci were the major reasons for the discrepancies between the simulations and real data analysis. We concluded that microsatellite markers can be used as a powerful tool to evaluate the effectiveness of enhancement and release programs for S. japonica.
Two new Brazilian species of Neapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 subgenus Neotropion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 with a key to South American species (Brentidae: Apioninae)
Authors: DE SOUSA WESLEY OLIVEIRA , RIBEIRO-COSTA CIBELE STRAMARE 
Published: March 2018

Two new Brazilian species of the genus Neapion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 subgenus Neotropion Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990 (Brentidae: Apioninae) are described and illustrated: Neapion (Neotropion) marquesae sp. n. (Type locality: Brazil, Mato Grosso) and Neapion (Neotropion) diringsi sp. n. (Type locality: Brazil, Amazonas). Neapion (Neotropion) marquesae sp. n. has dense, thin vestiture and raised areas on the elytra (recorded for the first time to the South American Apioninae); Neapion (Neotropion) diringsi sp. n. differs by the sparse vestiture and absence of raised areas. In addition to these characters, the vestiture color pattern and male genitalia characters such as the form of penis, length of the ‘tuning-fork’ shaped sclerite in the internal sac (the largest found in Apioninae) and the form of the tegminal plate are fundamental for the diagnosis of species of this subgenus. We also provide a key to the species of South American Neapion (Neotropion).
A Functional Response Metric for the Temperature Sensitivity of Tropical Ecosystems
Authors: Keppel-Aleks Gretchen , Basile Samantha J. , Hoffman Forrest M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Earth system models (ESMs) simulate a large spread in carbon cycle feedbacks to climate change, particularly in their prediction of cumulative changes in terrestrial carbon storage. Evaluating the performance of ESMs against observations and assessing the likelihood of long-term climate predictions are crucial for model development. Here, we assessed the use of atmospheric growth rate variations to evaluate the sensitivity of tropical ecosystem carbon fluxes to interannual temperature variations. We found that the temperature sensitivity of the observed growth rate depended on the time scales over which atmospheric observations were averaged. The temperature sensitivity of the growth rate during Northern Hemisphere winter is most directly related to the tropical carbon flux sensitivity since winter variations in Northern Hemisphere carbon fluxes are relatively small. This metric can be used to test the fidelity of interactions between the physical climate system and terrestrial ecosystems within ESMs, which is especially important since the short-term relationship between ecosystem fluxes and temperature stress may be related to the long-term feedbacks between ecosystems and climate. If the interannual temperature sensitivity is used to constrain long-term temperature responses, the inferred sensitivity may be biased by 20%, unless the seasonality of the relationship between the observed growth rate and tropical fluxes is taken into account. These results suggest that atmospheric data can be used directly to evaluate regional land fluxes from ESMs, but underscore that the interaction between the time scales for land surface processes and those for atmospheric processes must be considered.
The effects of psychological maladjustments on predicting developmental trajectories of academic burnout
Authors: Lee Min Young , Lee Sang Min 
Published: March 2018

We identified developmental trajectories of academic burnout related to psychological maladjustments (i.e., compulsion and depression) in 7th and 8th grade Korean adolescents. This is vital because it facilitates early awareness of burnout trends and related psychological maladjustments, which might influence mental health problems, thus promoting proactive prevention and intervention before deterioration. We utilized four-wave longitudinal data from 415 adolescents who completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey and Symptom Check List-47. Data were analysed using growth mixture modeling. The results indicated that developmental trajectories of academic burnout can be characterized by three linear trajectories, ‘moderate-maintain’ ( N = 213, 51.33%) which is related to depression, ‘low-deteriorated’ ( N = 15, 3.61%) which is related to compulsion, and ‘well-adjusted’ ( N = 158, 38.07%) which is related to no maladjustment symptoms. This longitudinal study promotes understanding of middle school students who may experience academic burnout and can facilitate early interventions for academic burnout.
Social Classes of Intelligence, Economic Growth and Technological Achievement: Robust Regression and Outlier Detection
Authors: Burhan Nik Ahmad Sufian , Razak Razli Che , Ibrahim Saifuzzaman , Selamat Muhamad Rosli , Rosli Muhamad Ridhwan 
Published: March 2018

A previous study has shown that the intellectual class, which is represented by the 95th percentile intelligence quotient (IQ) at a normal distribution, displayed the strongest impact upon economic growth. Meanwhile, those with average ability (50th percentile IQ) exhibited the second strongest impact, and followed by the non-intellectual class (5th percentile IQ). In addition, the researchers discovered that only the intellectual class was significant for technological progress. As such, this article re-analysed the dataset employed in prior study via robust regression. As a result, after eliminating several outliers, the levels of IQ for the intellectual class and the average ability group displayed equal impacts on economic growth, and the impacts were larger than that of non-intellectual. Furthermore, the IQ of the average ability group was significant for technological achievement, although not as strong as the intellectual class. Besides, the number of professional researchers employed in the research and development (R&D) sector did not reflect similar paramount effects as the impact of the average ability IQ in generating technological development. Thus, based on the conclusions drawn, this study suggests that the R&D sector should employ professionals who possess not only high academic qualifications, but also exceptional levels of cognitive skills, especially to spark new innovations. JEL: J24, O31, O47, Z13
GAMLSS: A distributional regression approach
Authors: Stasinopoulos Mikis D , Rigby Robert A , Bastiani Fernanda De 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: A tutorial of the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) is given here using two examples. GAMLSS is a general framework for performing regression analysis where not only the location (e.g., the mean) of the distribution but also the scale and shape of the distribution can be modelled by explanatory variables.
The role of ultrasound-guided tissue sampling techniques in the management of extra-ocular orbital lesions
Authors: Timmis Antonia , Touska Philip , Uddin Jimmy , Pilcher James 
Published: March 2018

Background Multiple disease processes may arise within the orbit and imaging plays a vital role in the evaluation of such lesions. The anterior orbital contents are readily amenable to evaluation by ultrasonography. Furthermore, the modality can be used to guide tissue sampling (fine needle aspiration or core biopsy) and may obviate the requirement for invasive surgical biopsy. Methods We carried out a retrospective review of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations/core biopsies of extra-ocular orbital lesions undertaken at our institution. The anatomical locations, sonographic appearances and sampling techniques were analysed. Results There were 7 fine needle aspirations and 1 core biopsy carried out during the period analysed. Multimodality imaging was available in all cases. The majority of lesions were located in the region of the lacrimal gland. All procedures were well-tolerated and there were no post-procedure complications. Conclusion Many extra-ocular, orbital neoplasms are amenable to ultrasound-guided tissue sampling and the procedure is well tolerated. However, a clear understanding of orbital anatomy, differential diagnosis and technique is required to enable safe sampling. Furthermore, a collaborative, multimodality approach is imperative for optimal patient management.
Effect of Head Impact Exposures on Changes in Cognitive Testing
Authors: Diakogeorgiou Eleni , Miyashita Theresa L. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Gaining a better understanding of head impact exposures may lead to better comprehension of the possible effects of repeated impact exposures not associated with clinical concussion. Purpose: To assess the correlation between head impacts and any differences associated with cognitive testing measurements pre- and postseason. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 34 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men’s lacrosse players wore lacrosse helmets instrumented with an accelerometer during the 2014 competitive season and were tested pre- and postseason with the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT 3) and Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) computer-based neurocognitive tests. The number of head impacts >20 g and results from the 2 cognitive tests were analyzed for differences and correlation. Results: There was no significant difference between pre- and postseason SCAT 3 scores, although a significant correlation between pre- and postseason cognitive scores on the SCAT 3 and total number of impacts sustained was noted ( r = –0.362, P = .035). Statistically significant improvements on half of the CVS testing components included visual reaction time ( P = .037, d = 0.37), reaction time ( P = .001, d = 0.65), and simple reaction time ( P = .043, d = 0.37), but no correlation with head impacts was noted. Conclusion: This study did not find declines in SCAT 3 or CVS scores over the course of a season among athletes who sustained multiple head impacts but no clinical concussion. Thus, it could not be determined whether there was no cognitive decline among these athletes or whether there may have been subtle declines that could not be measured by the SCAT 3 or CVS.
Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by combined molecular and immunological methods
Authors: Jafari Claudia , Olaru Ioana D. , Daduna Franziska , Ernst Martin , Heyckendorf Jan , Lange Christoph , Kalsdorf Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) may be delayed until culture results become available.We ascertained the accuracy of a stepwise diagnostic algorithm for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary TB by GeneXpert from sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) followed by aMycobacterium tuberculosis-specific BAL ELISPOT assay in patients with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary TB at a clinical referral centre in Germany.Among 166 patients with a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary TB, 81 cases were confirmed byM. tuberculosisculture from sputum and/or BAL. In 66 out of 81 (81.5%) cases, patients initially hadM. tuberculosisdetected by GeneXpert from sputum; in addition, six out of 81 (7.4%) cases were diagnosed by GeneXpert on BAL fluid (together 72 out of 81 (88.9%) patients). Out of the remaining nine patients with negative GeneXpert results from sputum and BAL, BAL ELISPOT identified eight patients with culture-confirmed TB correctly (median time to culture positivity 26 days). At a cut-off of >4000 early secretory antigenic target-6- or culture filtrate protein-10-specific interferon-γ-producing lymphocytes per 1 000 0000 lymphocytes, the specificity of the BAL ELISPOT for active TB was 97%.In low TB incidence countries, nearly all patients with active pulmonary TB can be identified within the first few days of clinical presentation using a stepwise strategy with GeneXpert and BAL ELISPOT.
Hepatic Production of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bienaimé Frank , Ambolet Ariane , Aussilhou Béatrice , Brazier François , Fouchard Marie , Viau Amandine , Barre Pauline , Tissier Anne-Marie , Correas Jean-Michel , Paradis Valérie , Terzi Fabiola , Friedlander Gérard , Knebelmann Bertrand , Joly Dominique , Prié Dominique 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Context
The bone-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 controls phosphate homeostasis and urinary phosphate excretion. FGF23 plasma levels increase in the early stage of renal insufficiency to prevent hyperphosphatemia. Recent evidence suggests that this increase has effects on cardiac and immune cells that compromise patients’ health. Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) have been reported to have higher FGF23 concentrations than other patients with similar renal function. The significance of this finding has remained unknown.

Methods and Results
Analyzing the FGF23 plasma levels in 434 patients with ADPKD and 355 control subjects with a measured glomerular filtration rate (mGFR) between 60 and 120 mL/min per 1.73 m2, we confirmed that patients with ADPKD had higher FGF23 plasma concentrations than controls. Remarkably, this difference did not translate into renal phosphate leakage. Using different assays for FGF23, we found that this discrepancy was explained by a predominant increase in the cleaved C-terminal fragment of FGF23, which lacks phosphaturic activity. We found that FGF23 plasma concentration independently correlated with the severity of cystic liver disease in ADPKD. We observed that, in contrast to control liver tissues, the cystic liver from patients with ADPKD markedly expressed FGF23 messenger RNA and protein. In line with this finding, the surgical reduction of polycystic liver mass was associated with a decrease in FGF23 plasma levels independently of any modification in mGFR, phosphate, or iron status.

Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate that severely polycystic livers produce FGF23 and increase levels of circulating FGF23 in patients with ADPKD.
Determination of Geolocations for Anesthesia Specialty Coverage and Standby Call Allowing Return to the Hospital Within a Specified Amount of Time
Authors: Epstein Richard H. , Dexter Franklin , Diez Christian , Potnuru Paul 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
For emergent procedures, in-house teams are required for immediate patient care. However, for many procedures, there is time to bring in a call team from home without increasing patient morbidity. Anesthesia providers taking subspecialty or backup call from home are required to return to the hospital within a designated number of minutes. Driving times to the hospital during the hours of call need to be considered when deciding where to live or to visit during such calls. Distance alone is an insufficient criterion because of variable traffic congestion and differences in highway access. We desired to develop a simple, inexpensive method to determine postal codes surrounding hospitals allowing a timely return during the hours of standby call.

METHODS:
Pessimistic travel times and driving distances were calculated using the Google distance matrix application programming interface for all N = 136 postal codes within 60 great circle (“straight line”) miles of the University of Miami Hospital (Miami, FL) during all 108 weekly standby call hours. A postal code was acceptable if the estimated longest driving time to return to the hospital was ≤60 minutes (the anesthesia department’s service commitment to start an urgent case during standby call). Linear regression (with intercept = 0) minimizing the mean absolute percentage difference between the distances (great circle and driving) and the pessimistic driving times to return to the hospital was performed among all 136 postal codes. Implementation software written in Python is provided.

RESULTS:
Postal codes allowing return to the studied hospital within the specified interval were identified. The linear regression showed that driving distances correlated poorly with the longest driving time to return to the hospital among the 108 weekly call hours (mean absolute percentage error = 25.1% ± 1.7% standard error [SE]; N = 136 postal codes). Great circle distances also correlated poorly (mean absolute percentage error = 28.3% ± 1.9% SE; N = 136). Generalizability of the method was determined by successful application to a different hospital in a rural state (University of Iowa Hospital).

CONCLUSIONS:
The described method allows identification of postal codes surrounding a hospital in which personnel taking standby call could be located and be able to return to the hospital during call hours on every day of the week within any specified amount of time. For areas at the perimeter of the acceptability, online distance mapping applications can be used to check driving times during the hours of standby call.