bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helical‐Like 3D Ultrathin Piezoelectric Element for Complicated Ultrasonic Field
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Qian Xuejun , Lam Kwok‐Ho , Chiu Chi Tat , Chen Ruimin , Chen Zeyu , Shung K. Kirk , Yu Ping , Zhou Qifa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe developments of personalized medicine, ultrasound imaging, and contactless “microscopic handle” techniques are pushing ultrasonic transducers toward features of high frequency, device miniaturization, and even novel function. However, the conventional ultrasonic transducer has severely limited the development of novel ideas for applications due to its ordinary ultrasonic field. Although transducer arrays and monolithic acoustic holograms are capable of producing the complicated ultrasonic field, it is still difficult to achieve high frequency, device miniaturization, and novel function simultaneously. Here, a simple but effective approach is introduced that aims at reconstructing the complicated and high‐frequency ultrasonic field via a compact single‐element ultrasonic transducer. The 3D ultrathin piezoelectric element with a complex configuration is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally to produce the desired complicated ultrasonic field. With helical‐like configuration, the single‐element ultrasonic transducer offers efficient noncontact trapping and manipulation of suspended microparticles and biological cells. Moreover, its strong trapping capability leads to the 3D stacking of microparticles, which is a novel and interesting phenomenon achieved by a single‐element ultrasonic transducer. This work brings the possibility of a complicated ultrasonic field for achieving novel high‐frequency ultrasound applications through the design of smart structure ultrathin piezoelectric materials.
Mo6S3Br6: An Anisotropic 2D Superatomic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhong Xinjue , Lee Kihong , Meggiolaro Daniele , Dismukes Avalon H. , Choi Bonnie , Wang Feifan , Nuckolls Colin , Paley Daniel W. , Batail Patrick , De Angelis Filippo , Roy Xavier , Zhu Xiaoyang‐Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials with in‐plane anisotropy are of great interest for directional transport of charge and energy, as exemplified by recent studies on black phosphorus and α‐phase molybdenum trioxide (α‐MO3). Here, a layered van der Waals semiconductor with in‐plane anisotropy built upon the superatomic units of Mo6S3Br6 is reported. This material possesses robust 2D characteristics with a direct gap of 1.64 eV, as determined by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and first‐principles calculations. Polarization‐dependent Raman spectroscopy measurement and density functional theory calculation reveal strong in‐plane anisotropy. These results suggest an effective strategy to explore anisotropic 2D electronic and optoelectronic properties from superatomic building blocks with multifunctionality, emergent properties, and hierarchical control.
Contact Lens Technology: From Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Moreddu Rosalia , Vigolo Daniele , Yetisen Ali K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContact lenses are ocular prosthetic devices used by over 150 million people worldwide. Primary applications of contact lenses include vision correction, therapeutics, and cosmetics. Contact lens materials have significantly evolved over time to minimize adverse effects associated with contact lens wearing, to maintain a regular corneal metabolism, and to preserve tear film stability. This article encompasses contact lens technology, including materials, chemical and physical properties, manufacturing processes, microbial contamination, and ocular complications. The function and the composition of the tear fluid are discussed to assess its potential as a diagnostic media. The regulatory standards of contact lens devices with regard to biocompatibility and contact lens market are presented. Future prospects in contact lens technology are evaluated, with particular interest given to theranostic applications for in situ continuous monitoring the ocular physiology.
Pt‐Based Nanocrystal for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhao Zipeng , Chen Changli , Liu Zeyan , Huang Jin , Wu Menghao , Liu Haotian , Li Yujing , Huang Yu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCurrently, Pt‐based electrocatalysts are adopted in the practical proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), which converts the energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen into electrical power. However, the broad implementation of the PEMFC, like replacing the internal combustion engine in the present automobile fleet, sets a requirement for less Pt loading compared to current devices. In principle, the requirement needs the Pt‐based catalyst to be more active and stable. Two main strategies, engineering of the electronic (d‐band) structure (including controlling surface facet, tuning surface composition, and engineering surface strain) and optimizing the reactant adsorption sites are discussed and categorized based on the fundamental working principle. In addition, general routes for improving the electrochemical surface area, which improves activity normalized by the unit mass of precious group metal/platinum group metal, and stability of the electrocatalyst are also discussed. Furthermore, the recent progress of full fuel cell tests of novel electrocatalysts is summarized. It is suggested that a better understanding of the reactant/intermediate adsorption, electron transfer, and desorption occurring at the electrolyte–electrode interface is necessary to fully comprehend these electrified surface reactions, and standardized membrane electrode assembly (MEA) testing protocols should be practiced, and data with full parameters detailed, for reliable evaluation of catalyst functions in devices.
Solution‐Processed Lead Iodide for Ultrafast All‐Optical Switching of Terahertz Photonic Devices
Authors: Manjappa Manukumara , Solanki Ankur , Kumar Abhishek , Sum Tze Chien , Singh Ranjan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSolution‐processed lead iodide (PbI2) governs the charge transport characteristics in the hybrid metal halide perovskites. Besides being a precursor in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells, PbI2 alone offers remarkable optical and ultrasensitive photoresponsive properties that remain largely unexplored. Here, the photophysics and the ultrafast carrier dynamics of the solution processed PbI2 thin film is probed experimentally. A PbI2 integrated metamaterial photonic device with switchable picosecond time response at extremely low photoexcitation fluences is demonstrated. Further, findings show strongly confined terahertz field induced tailoring of sensitivity and switching time of the metamaterial resonances for different thicknesses of PbI2 thin film. The approach has two far reaching consequences: the first lead‐iodide‐based ultrafast photonic device and resonantly confined electromagnetic field tailored transient nonequilibrium dynamics of PbI2 which could also be applied to a broad range of semiconductors for designing on‐chip, ultrafast, all‐optical switchable photonic devices.
Pb‐Bi Binary Metal All‐Inorganic Absorber Layer for Stability Enhancement in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Jin , Zhang Dan , Ding Lei , Zhang Fanghui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA lead‐bismuth (Pb‐Bi) binary metal based all‐inorganic perovskite film is successfully fabricated and applied as absorber layer to enhance the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unlike the Pb‐only perovskite‐based device, the Pb‐Bi binary metal perovskite based one shows better tolerance to humidity and oxygen. High power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.9% is obtained for the all‐inorganic (PSC). Noticeably, the PCE only reduced by 10% under atmospheric humidity of 40% in four weeks. An electron‐only device also shows reduced trap states. The improved stability and PCE is ascribed to higher quality perovskite film with less trap states and smaller series resistance (Rs) in the device.
CMOS Compatible Transient Resistive Memory with Prolonged Lifetime
Authors: Zhong Shuai , Ji Xinglong , Zhou Yinning , Zhang Yishu , Ye Ai , Zhao Rong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransient resistive memory has attracted widespread attention because of its potential applications in disposable electronics and bioelectronics. Although various memory structures have been reported with good transient behaviors, their incompatibility with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) process has limited large‐scale integration to form transient electronic systems. In addition, the use of highly fluid‐sensitive materials results in memory with a short lifetime in minutes, which is far from being practical. Here, a transient resistive memory is demonstrated with W/Cu/SiO2/W structure that is fully CMOS compatible and has a stable memory performance with high uniformity and excellent transient behaviors in water and biofluids. Furthermore, the dissolution test shows that W is a better electrode choice for prolonging the lifetime of transient memory. Together with a 30 nm Al2O3 encapsulation layer, the device achieves a lifetime of approximately three months at room temperature, which is about four orders of magnitude loner than the best reported transient resistive memories at present. In addition, biocompatibility investigation shows that dissolved memory is not toxic to cell growth and viability, indicating good biocompatibility. This work enables the large‐scale integration of transient resistive memory with other transient components for practical applications.
Blue Electrofluorescence Resulting from Exergonic Harvesting of Triplet Excitons
Authors: Yi Seung Yeon , Ihn Soo‐Ghang , Sim Myungsun , Kim Jong Soo , Kim Inkoo , Chung Yeon Sook , Huh Dal Ho , Kim Sunghan , You Youngmin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdvances in electroluminescence demand the development of emissive molecules capable of utilizing all of the electrogenerated excitons. Here, a molecular strategy to harvest the excitons without relying on late transition metals or thermal activation is designed and evaluated. The key process deployed is an exergonic, El‐Sayed rule‐allowed reverse intersystem crossing (ES‐rISC) from the triplet n–π * transition state to the singlet π–π * transition state, followed by fluorescent decay of the latter. To demonstrate the strategy, a series of fluorescent molecules consisting of a 9,10‐diphenylanthracene core and different carbonyl n–π * units (SY compounds) is created. The compounds display a strong blue fluorescence emission with high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.93. Multilayer organic electroluminescence devices containing the SY compounds exhibit maximum external quantum efficiencies greater than that obtained from a singlet‐exciton‐only control device. This improvement is due to their capacity to utilize triplet excitons for fluorescence emission. The studies demonstrate that exergonic ES‐rISC can serve as a promising pathway for creating inexpensive and tractable organic dopants for high‐efficiency electroluminescence.
Low‐Temperature Processing of Printed Field‐Effect Transistors from Sublimating‐Stabilizer Derived Oxide Nanodispersions
Authors: Divya Mitta , Sethuraman Sivaramakrishnan , Devabharathi Nehru , Mondal Sandeep Kumar , Dasgupta Subho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxide semiconductors are becoming an increasingly attractive choice for solution processed/printed transistors and circuits, as they possess numerous critical advantages over the other printable semiconductor technologies, such as abundance, low‐cost, environmental/thermal stability, nontoxicity, and most importantly, excellent electronic transport properties. However, on the downside, there are also major challenges, one of which is their high process temperatures, especially when they are processed from oxide precursors. In order to address this limitation, here, a general recipe for low temperature curable nanodispersions/nanoinks is proposed using aromatic surfactants that sublimates near room temperature. In this regard, stable nanoinks from In2O3 nanoparticles, with high particle loading, are developed using an inexpensive, nontoxic aromatic compound thymol as the stabilizer; while, thymol sublimates near room temperature (<40 °C), a quick heating at 100 °C is carried out to ensure its complete removal. The printed field‐effect transistors from thymol‐stabilized nanoinks show an on/off ratio >107, a maximum device mobility of 13.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and transconductance values as high as 10 µS µm−1. It is believed that this general route to obtain low temperature curable electronic grade nanodispersions may find applications beyond the printed logic electronics demonstrated in the present study.
Tuning Ni/Al Ratio to Enhance Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage Properties of Nickel–Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Li Gengnan , Zhang Xianghui , Qiu Dantong , Liu Zilin , Yang Chen , Cockreham Cody B. , Wang Baodong , Fu Liangjie , Zhang Jianghao , Sudduth Berlin , Guo Xiaofeng , Sun Hui , Huang Zhangyi , Qi Jianqi , Sun Junming , Ha Su , Wang Yong , Wu Di 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompared with batteries, the advantages of capacitive energy storage include high power, fast charging kinetics, and long cycling stability. Owing to their layered structure and tunable transition metal charge, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have great potential to be applied as pseudocapacitor materials. Here, a systematic experimental study is reported on the impact of the Ni/Al ratio on the structure, morphology, ion transport kinetics, interlayer phenomena, and performance of NiAl‐LDH supercapacitor electrode materials, in which three NiAl‐LDH materials with Ni/Al ratios of 2, 3, and 4, are synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The increase of the Ni/Al ratio results in more open interlayer space resulting in faster ion diffusion kinetics. Although an increase in the Ni/Al ratio introduces more redox active sites, it leads to degradation in crystallinity and morphology, which has a significant negative impact on pseudocapacitance. Electrochemical tests suggest that at Ni/Al = 3, the NiAl‐LDH electrode exhibits optimum specific capacitance of 2128 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with long cycle stability. This work highlights the complex interplay among compositional and structural factors on the kinetic and performance behaviors of NiAl‐LDH materials. Subtle compositional modification is an effective strategy to enhance the pseudocapacitive charge storage property of NiAl‐LDH pseduocapacitor materials.
Family effects on the digit ratio (2D:4D): The role of the interbirth interval
Authors: Králík Miroslav , Hupková Adela , Zeman Tomáš , Hložek Martin , Hlaváček Lukáš , Slováčková Marie , Čuta Martin , Urbanová Petra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesFamily represents the closest social environment that immediately affects human ontogeny from an early prenatal period. This study aimed to assess sibship influences on the second‐to‐fourth digit length ratio (2D:4D ratio).MethodsThe source sample represented 329 children aged 6.5 to 15.8 years (Czech Republic), including a subsample of 75 sibling pairs. A combination of (a) between‐family design (cross‐sectional sample) and (b) within‐family design (pairs of siblings) was used to study the effect of family variables and interbirth interval (IBI) on the 2D:4D ratio.ResultsBirth order, number of siblings (except for younger sisters), and sex ratio in siblings were significantly related to the 2D:4D ratio on the right, left, or both hands. At the same time, the relationships were opposite in males and females for birth order, number of older brothers and number of children in the family––increasing values in these variables increased digit ratio in males but decreased digit ratio in females. Mean difference in 2D:4D ratio (DIFF) within pairs (older minus younger sibling) differed from zero only in the “older sister––younger brother” group, where DIFF did not depend on IBI. On the contrary, in remaining pair types the DIFF tended to change with IBI, the strongest in the “older brother––younger sister” pairs.ConclusionsFamily variables, especially number of older brothers, should be considered as important confounding factors in 2D:4D ratio studies. However, the effect of these variables might be modified by IBI.
Early lifecycle UV‐exposure calibrates adult vitamin D metabolism: Evidence for a developmentally originated vitamin D homeostat that may alter related adult phenotypes
Authors: Lucock Mark , Thota Rohith , Garg Manohar , Martin Charlotte , Jones Patrice , Furst John , Yates Zoe , Jablonski Nina G. , Chaplin George , Veysey Martin , Beckett Emma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesWithin the Developmental Origins of Adult Disease (DOHaD) model, early life environmental exposures can confer a long‐term legacy on human health. This mechanism may be adaptive or maladaptive depending on lifestyle circumstances. This article examines the role of first trimester UV‐exposure on late‐life vitamin D levels, and potentially related adaptive and maladaptive phenotypes (height and osteoporosis respectively).MethodsSix hundred and forty nine subjects were examined for vitamin D2and D3(HPLC) and height (stadiometer). Osteoporosis was assessed with an extensive medical history questionnaire.ResultsSolar irradiance over the first 90 days postconception correlated positively with late‐life vitamin D3(R2= .0140;P= .0082;β= .1075), but not vitamin D2levels. It also correlated positively with female adult height (R2= .170;P= .0103;β= .1291) and negatively with the occurrence of female osteoporosis (P= .0495). All data were adjusted for age and gender as appropriate (unadjusted data also provided). From a contemporary perspective, vitamin D levels varied significantly according to season of blood sampling as might be predicted (P= .0009).ConclusionsIncreased solar irradiance/UV exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy calibrates adult vitamin D metabolism, which is an important hormone in maintaining calcium balance. This may explain how very early lifecycle UV exposure can influence skeletal development (adult height) and modify risk for the skeletal degenerative disorder osteoporosis. The data demonstrate humans are tuned to the world (exposome) in ways we have not yet fully considered, and which are entrained at the earliest phase of the lifecycle.
Widespread aplasia cutis congenita in sibs with PLEC1 and ITGB4 variants
Authors: Kariminejad Ariana , Vahidnezhad Hassan , Ghaderi‐Sohi Siavash , Ghannadan Ali R. , Youssefian Leila , Parsimehr Elham , Faraji Zonooz Mehrshid , Kariminejad Mohammad H. , Uitto Jouni , Najmabadi Hossein , Hennekam Raoul C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by localized or widespread absence of skin. ACC can occur isolated or as part of a syndrome. Here we report two consanguineous families, each with two affected offspring. Affected individuals showed widespread ACC while the skin in between had a normal appearance. Ears and nose of the four patients were underdeveloped, otherwise there were no unusual physical characteristics and no internal organ anomalies. “Whole” exome sequencing (WES) of the mother of Family 1 yielded a pathogenic heterozygote variant in ITGB4. The father and healthy offspring were heterozygous for the same variant. WES of the mother of Family 2 yielded a variant in PLEC1. The father and grandmother, who had a history of two offspring with fatal ACC, were heterozygous for the same variant. PLEC1 and ITGB4 have both been previously been reported in association with ACC. We compare findings in earlier reported individuals with variants in ITGB4 and PLEC1, and provide a short summary of other entities going along with ACC.
Biosynthetic Relationships and Total Syntheses of Naturally Occurring Benzo[c]Phenanthridine Alkaloids
Authors: Bisai Vishnumaya , Saina Shaheeda M. K. , Gupta Aditi , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids sharing a tetracyclic structural motif, are an important class of nitrogen‐containing small molecules and are used for the treatment of a number of diseases. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the occurrence, chemistry, biochemistry, and biological activity of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Synthetic approaches to a number of benzo[c]phenanthridine are disclosed in this Minireview.
Improving Quantum Metrology via Purifying and Distilling Noisy Probe States
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Long , Kong Fan‐Zhen , Chu Wen‐Jing , Yang Ming , Cao Zhuo‐Liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn quantum metrology, the precision of unknown parameter estimation is studied in the quantum regime, and the choice of the probe state plays an important role in determining the precision of the parameter to be estimated. The quality of quantum metrology will be reduced in the presence of quantum noise during the memory time of probe states after preparation. Meanwhile the noisy probe state can be manipulated by different protocols such as single‐qubit purification, entanglement purification, and entanglement distillation etc. In this paper, the effects of these manipulations on the usefulness, that is, quantum Fisher information (QFI), of the noisy probe state in quantum metrology are studied. The results show that joint operations in single‐qubit purification and entanglement purification processes play positive roles in enhancing the QFI of the probe states, and local measurements in entanglement purification and entanglement distillation processes play both positive and negative roles in enhancing the QFI of the probe states. In this sense, single‐qubit purification will always be helpful in parameter estimation by using single qubits as probe, and entanglement purification process maybe more suitable for improving the estimation precision when entangled‐state probe is adopted.
Stable Tetra‐ and Penta‐Anions in the Gas Phase
Authors: Fang Hong , Jena Puru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe quest for stable gas‐phase anions in highly negative charge states has been a great challenge. While multiply charged anions are stabilized in solids and liquids by compensating cations and solvation cells, respectively, stable anions containing less than a hundred atoms in the gas phase and capable of carrying charge beyond −3 is unknown. Here, we report the discovery of thermodynamically stable tetra‐ and penta‐anions, containing less than 50 and 80 atoms, respectively, in the gas phase. A universal model is developed that explains their stability in terms of the synergy between closed shell, high electron affinity, and size and predicts new highly‐charged anions by using the known charged clusters as building blocks. Synthesis of these species can open a new chapter in materials chemistry.
Selective Synthesis of Primary Anilines from NH3 and Cyclohexanones by Utilizing Preferential Adsorption of Styrene on the Pd Nanoparticle Surface
Authors: Koizumi Yu , Jin Xiongjie , Yatabe Takafumi , Miyazaki Ray , Hasegawa Jun‐ya , Nozaki Kyoko , Mizuno Noritaka , Yamaguchi Kazuya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDehydrogenative aromatization is one of the attractive alternative methods for directly synthesizing primary anilines from NH3 and cyclohexanones. However, the selective synthesis of primary anilines is quite difficult because the desired primary aniline products and the cyclohexanone substrates readily undergo condensation affording the corresponding imines (i.e., N‐cyclohexylidene‐anilines), followed by hydrogenation to produce N‐cyclohexylanilines as the major products. In this study, primary anilines were selectively synthesized in the presence of supported Pd nanoparticle catalysts (e.g., Pd/HAP, HAP=hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by utilizing competitive adsorption unique to heterogeneous catalysis; in other words, when styrene was used as a hydrogen acceptor, which preferentially adsorbs on the Pd nanoparticle surface in the presence of N‐cyclohexylidene‐anilines, various structurally diverse primary anilines were selectively synthesized from readily accessible NH3 and cyclohexanones. The Pd/HAP catalyst was reused several times though its catalytic performance gradually declined.