bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legend about photoemission discharge
Authors: Sorokin A R 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
It is shown that the currently advertised ‘new form of discharge’ (open discharge) — photoemission with a virtually noneroding cathode and ‘anomalously high’ (near unity) energy efficiency of electron beam (EB) formation — cannot, in fact, be implemented. In reality, such a discharge fits well into the familiar pattern of glow discharges controlled by heavy particle emission. Thus, in known EB sources, an energy efficiency of up to ≈ 0.8 is ensured by fast atoms from ion charge exchange in strong discharge fields. However, charge multiplication and cathode-directed ion drift are both proportional to the flux of cathode electrons (including photoemitted ones), implying that the energy efficiency cannot increase through its contribution. It is this incorrect efficiency measurement methodology which gives the result of an efficiency approaching unity.
Some discussion topics on the representation of the equilibrium Fe – Ni phase diagram and on the nature of the Invar effect
Authors: Zemtsova N D 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a thorough analysis of Fe – Ni phase diagrams published over the last 50 years. It is shown that the differences in drawing the low-temperature part of the phase diagram and in the explanation of the nature of Invar alloys are due to a lack of clear experimental evidence for the absence or occurrence of a particular superstructure in the range of compositions with less than 50% Ni content. The experimental results obtained favor a certain particular phase diagram as yet unpublished in the reference literature, and suggest the possible origin of the Invar effect. The phase diagram analysis and the assumption on the nature of the Invar effect are based on results obtained by structural methods.
Microwave stimulation of dislocations and the magnetic control of the earthquake core
Authors: Buchachenko A L 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Microwave irradiation transforms the elasticity of solids into plasticity by controlling the dislocation mobility via magnetic interactions within the electron spin pairs on the dislocations. In ionic crystals, microwaves cause dislocations to accelerate and increase their mean free path, thus leading to a release of elastic energy; in covalent crystals, microwaves keep dislocations in place, thereby accumulating elastic energy and increasing the crystal strength. Microwave pumping at resonant Zeeman frequencies (in the magnetic resonance regime) is firm evidence of the concepts of electron spin pairs and of the magnetoplasticity phenomenon itself. However, the dominant contribution to the macroscopic transformation of elastic energy into plastic flow comes from nonresonant microwaves. These can be used to control the mechanics of diamagnetic solids, including, importantly, the earthquake focus. The observed correlation between magnetic events (such as magnetic storms and hydrodynamically generated high-power magnetic pulses) and their seismic and tectonic consequences (earthquake frequency and magnitude and deformations) indicates unambiguously that magnetically controlling the earthquake focus provides a realistic means to prevent a catastrophe by transforming large-magnitude earthquakes into weak, low-magnitude events.
On physical processes in an ‘open’ discharge
Authors: Bokhan P A 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper reviews the key features of the ‘open’ photoelectric discharge (FED) used for the high-efficiency generation of electron beams (EBs) in medium-pressure gases and for subnanosecond switching of high-voltage pulses. The energy efficiency of EB generation in both FEDs and anomalous discharges is measured, and conditions for the predominance of photoemission are formulated. It is concluded that the FED is a long-known phenomenon and that the arguments put forward in Usp. Fiz. Nauk 188 1354 (2018) [Physics–Uspekhi 61 1234 (12) (2018)] against its existence are based on simplified discharge models and poorly performed experiments and make use of other authors' results of no direct relevance to the ‘open’ discharge.
Coherent elastic neutrino scattering on atomic nucleus: recently discovered type of low-energy neutrino interaction
Authors: Akimov D Yu , Belov V A , Bolozdynya A I , Efremenko Yu V , Konovalov A M , Kumpan A V , Rudik D G , Sosnovtsev V V , Khromov A V , Shakirov A V 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We present recent results on the first experimental observation of the coherent elastic scattering of the neutrino on atomic nuclei and review other experiments related to the detection and investigation of this process.
On Cepheid Distance Scale Bias Due to Stellar Companions and Cluster Populations
Authors: Anderson Richard I. , Riess Adam G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
State-of-the-art photometric measurements of extragalactic Cepheids account for the mean additional light due to chance superposition of Cepheids on crowded backgrounds through the use of artificial star measurements. However, light from stars physically associated with Cepheids may bias relative distance measurements if the changing spatial resolution along the distance ladder significantly alters the amount of associated blending. We have identified two regimes where this phenomenon may occur: Cepheids in wide binaries and in open clusters. We estimate stellar association bias using the photometric passbands and reddening-free Wesenheit magnitudes used to set up the distance scale. For wide binaries, we rely on Geneva stellar evolution models in conjunction with detailed statistics on intermediate-mass binary stars. For the impact of cluster stars, we have compiled information on the clustered Cepheid fraction and measured the typical cluster contribution in M31 via deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging provided by the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury project. We find that the dominant effect on the distance scale comes from Cepheids in clusters, even though cluster Cepheids are a relatively rare phenomenon. Wide binaries have a negligible effect of 0.004% on H
0 for long-period Cepheids observed in the near-infrared or when considering Wesenheit magnitudes. We estimate that blending due to cluster populations has previously resulted in a 0.23% overestimate of H
0. Correcting for this bias, we obtain

, which remains in 3.3σ tension with the Planck value. We conclude that stellar association bias does not constitute a limit for measuring H
0 with an accuracy of 1%.
False-positive 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-avid benign hepatic tumor: Previously unreported in a male patient
Authors: Sureka Binit , Rastogi Archana , Mukund Amar , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report a case of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)–computed tomography-avid histologically confirmed inflammatory hepatic adenoma in a 77-year-old male patient without any history of steroid, alcohol use. This is the first case report of inflammatory hepatic adenoma in a male patient documented in the published literature showing uptake on 18F-FDG PET. Previous single case report of 18F-FDG PET-avid hepatic adenoma in a male patient was of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-α subtype.
Croire, s’impliquer, s’attacher : perspectives d’intervenants d’unités de longue durée en psychiatrie sur l’expérience d’accompagnement vers le rétablissement
Authors: Turcotte Karl , Dallaire Bernadette 
Published: June 2018

Cette étude qualitative porte sur l’expérience des intervenants dans l’accompagnement au rétablissement dans les unités d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée en psychiatrie de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec. Neuf intervenants de différentes professions (infirmiers, professionnels, éducateurs spécialisés) ont été rencontrés entre février et juin 2014. Chacun a participé à une entrevue semi-dirigée et complété le Recovery Attitude Questionnaire, version à 7 items (RAQ-7). Les propos recueillis font ressortir trois composantes centrales de l’expérience d’accompagnement, à savoir l’espoir, l’implication et l’attachement envers la personne aidée. La relation entre ces trois composantes n’est cependant pas une dynamique fermée, car des facteurs contextuels, environnementaux et interprétatifs sont également en cause ; notamment le fait de côtoyer quotidiennement des usagers présentant des symptômes importants, la culture du milieu d’intervention, ainsi que l’attitude de l’intervenant et les définitions qu’il élabore à propos du concept de rétablissement. La prise en compte de ces facteurs peut favoriser une implantation réussie de modes d’intervention favorables au rétablissement des usagers dans les milieux d’hébergement et de soins de longue durée en psychiatrie.
Mechanically Robust and Thermal Insulating Nanofiber Elastomer for Hydrophobic, Corrosion‐Resistant, and Flexible Multifunctional Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers
Authors: Xiao Junxiong , Zhan Beibei , He Mukun , Qi Xiaosi , Zhang Yali , Guo Hua , Qu Yunpeng , Zhong Wei , Gu Junwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMultifunctionalization of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EMWAMs) presents a promising avenue for their application in complex scenarios. However, the effective integration of multiple supplementary functions into EMWAMs continues to pose a significant challenge. Herein, a novel nanofiber elastomer (NFE) incorporating multicomponent inorganic FeS2/S,N co‐doped carbon nanofibers (NFs) and organic component (Ecoflex) are designed and synthesized. The sulfur doping ratios and species can be effectively modulated via controlling the amount of sulfur and sulfurization temperature. The optimized FeS2/S,N co‐doped carbon NFs/Ecoflex NFE not only exerted an excellent impedance matching characteristic, but also displays boosted conductive loss and polarization loss capacities. Amongst, the designed NFE achieved an ultra‐wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.40 GHz and minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −21.82 dB at the thin matching thickness (≈2.00 mm). Furthermore, FeS2/S,N co‐doped carbon NFs/Ecoflex NFE simultaneously presents greatly improved mechanical property, thermal insulation, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance. Through designing metastructures, the NFE with a periodically closed‐ring resonant structure realized an EAB of 32.64 GHz (ranging from 7.36 to 40.00 GHz). Overall, this research contributes valuable insights for the design of next‐generation EMWAMs with satisfactory multifunctionalities, demonstrating their significant potential for application in smart devices and challenging environments.
Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells via Enhanced Near‐Infrared Absorption and Minimized Energy Losses
Authors: Cui Xinyue , Xie Guanshui , Liu Yuqiang , Xie Xianqiang , Zhang Huarui , Li Hongxiang , Cheng Pei , Lu Guanghao , Qiu Longbin , Bo Zhishan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe compatibility of perovskite and organic photovoltaic materials in solution processing provides a significant advantage in the fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite/organic tandem solar cells. However, additional recombination losses can occur during exciton dissociation in organic materials, leading to energy losses in the near‐infrared region of tandem devices. Consequently, a ternary organic rear subcell is designed containing two narrow‐bandgap non‐fullerene acceptors to enhance the absorption of near‐infrared light. Simultaneously, a unique diffusion‐controlled growth technique is adopted to optimize the morphology of the ternary active layer, thereby improving exciton dissociation efficiency. This innovation not only broadens the absorption range of near‐infrared light but also facilitates the generation and effective dissociation of excitons. Owing to these technological improvements, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells increased to 19.2%. Furthermore, a wide‐bandgap perovskite front subcell is integrated with a narrow‐bandgap organic rear subcell to develop a perovskite/organic tandem solar cell. Owing to the reduction in near‐infrared energy loss, the PCE of this tandem device significantly improved, reaching 24.5%.
Breaking Mass Transport Limit for Hydrogen Evolution‐Inhibited and Dendrite‐Free Aqueous Zn Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jingmin , Cao Leo N. Y. , Li Rongrong , Yang Jun , Li Longwei , Yang Kai , Wang Zhong Lin , Pu Xiong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is commonly accepted that batteries perform better at low current densities below the mass‐transport limit, which restricts their current rate and capacity. Here, it is demonstrated that the performance of Zn metal electrodes can be dramatically enhanced at current densities and cut‐off capacities exceeding the mass‐transport limit by using pulsed‐current protocols. These protocols achieve cumulative plating/stripping capacities of 11.0 Ah cm−2 and 3.8 Ah cm−2 at record‐high current densities of 80 and 160 mA cm−2, respectively. The study identifies and understands the promoted (002)‐textured Zn growth and suppressed hydrogen evolution based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of competing reactions. Furthermore, the over‐limiting pulsed‐current protocol enables long‐life Zn batteries with high mass loading (29 mgcathode cm−2) and high areal capacity (7.9 mAh cm−2), outperforming cells using constant‐current protocols at equivalent energy and time costs. The work provides a comprehensive understanding of the current‐capacity‐performance relationship in Zn plating/stripping and offers an effective strategy for dendrite‐free metal batteries that meet practical requirements for high capacity and high current rates.
Self‐Trapped Excitons in 3R ZnIn2S4 with Broken Inversion Symmetry for High‐Performance Photodetection
Authors: Du Chun , Huang Ziqi , Zhou Jing , Su Jiayun , Yu Peng , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Yan Jiahao , Yao Jiandong , Chen Yicun , Duan Xuanming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExploring novel materials with intrinsic self‐trapped excitons (STEs) is crucial for advancing optoelectronic technologies. In this study, 2D 3R‐phase ZnIn2S4, featuring broken inversion symmetry, is introduced to investigate intrinsic STEs. This material exhibits a broadband photoluminescence (PL) emission with a full width at half maximum of 164 nm and a large Stokes shift of ≈0.6 eV, which arises from the distortion of [ZnS4]6‐ tetrahedral unit induced by the symmetry breaking and strong electron‐phonon coupling. The photophysical properties of the STEs exhibit a high Huang‐Rhys factor (15.0), rapid STEs formation time (166 fs), and extended STEs lifetime (1039 ps), as demonstrated by experimental evidence from temperature‐dependent PL, Raman spectroscopy, and ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. Additionally, STE‐induced photoconductive effect is elucidated, indicating that intrinsic STEs in 3R‐ZnIn2S4 can provide a synergistic effect that enhances absorption capacity, localization, and lifetime by capturing the self‐trapped hole state. Consequently, the 2D 3R‐ZnIn2S4 photodetector exhibits remarkable broad‐spectrum photosensitivity, including a photo‐switching ratio of 11286, response times of less than 0.6 ms, responsivity of 15.2 A W−1, detectivity of 1.02 × 10¹¹ Jones, and external quantum efficiency of 5032% under 375 nm light. These findings provide new ideas for exploring materials with intrinsic STEs to achieve novel high‐performance photodetector applications.
Standing 1D Chains Enable Efficient Wide‐Bandgap Selenium Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Qingxiang , Wang Xia , Li Zongbao , Lu Wenbo , Wen Xin , An Xioayan , Feng Mingjie , Yan Hui‐Juan , Hu Jin‐Song , Xue Ding‐Jiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe recent surge in tandem solar cells and indoor photovoltaics has renewed interest in selenium (Se), the world's first photovoltaic material, due to its intrinsic wide bandgap of ≈1.9 eV, high stability, and non‐toxicity in small quantities when applied in photovoltaics. However, with a 1D chained crystal structure, Se tends to grow crystalline films with a lying orientation—chains parallel to substrates arising from the low surface energy; this results in poor carrier transport across chains held together by weak van der Waals forces. Here a substrate‐heating strategy that facilitates the interfacial bonding between Se and substrate is introduced, enabling the growth of Se films with a standing orientation—chains perpendicular to substrates. This achieves efficient carrier transport along covalently bonded chains. The resulting Se films thereby exhibit a fourfold increase in carrier mobility compared to lying‐oriented Se films. Consequently, Se solar cells are achieved with the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.1% under AM1.5G 1‐sun illumination. The unencapsulated devices exhibit negligible efficiency loss after 1 000 h of storage under ambient conditions.
In Situ Manipulation of Growth Mechanisms in the Vapor–Solid–Solid Growth of GaP Nanowires
Authors: Hu Tianyi , Cao Yuanyuan , Franzén Sara M. , Jacobsson Daniel , Seifner Michael S. , Messing Maria E. , Dick Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVapor–solid–solid (VSS) growth of III‐V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) has long been considered an alternative for the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mode, with the potential to avoid the incorporation of deep‐level impurities into semiconductors and to form compositionally abrupt interfaces. Most research however indicates that VSS growth has a much lower growth rate than observed in the VLS growth regime, explained by the very slow mass transport at the solid seed particle‐NW interface. In this study, the direct observation of the VSS growth of GaP NWs under different mechanisms is reported, by using Ni as a seed material inside an environmental transmission electron microscope. These results reveal that when NWs are grown from seed particles exhibiting the NiGa and Ni2Ga3 phases, classic VSS growth occurs with slow NW growth and interface diffusion as the dominant mass transport pathway. In contrast, when NWs are grown by seed particles containing Ni2P phase, rapid NW growth is observed together with a continuous reshaping of the seed particle. A cation exchange reaction is proposed as the predominant growth mechanism. This research results demonstrate an entirely new variant of the VSS growth mode, opening up new degrees of freedom for tuning NW properties.
Liquid Crystal 3D Optical Waveguides Based on Photoalignment
Authors: Ropač Peter , Hsiao Yu‐Tung , Berteloot Brecht , Ussembayev Yera , Nys Inge , Ravnik Miha , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel design and approach for the realization of liquid crystal optical waveguides using photopatterning as a manufacturing method is presented. The developed method is used to demonstrate straight waveguides of different widths and curved waveguides with different radius of curvature. The waveguides are terminated with +1 or −1 surface defects through which the light incouples/outcouples. The effect of the straight waveguide thickness and the radius of curvature of the curved waveguides on the attenuation of the light in the waveguide is experimentally explored. The experiments are supported with numerical simulations of light propagation through both types of waveguides and outcoupling out of the straight waveguides. Furthermore, the effect of the size of the −1 defect terminations on the outcoupling efficiency is explored using simulations. Based on the presented design and manufacturing approach, liquid crystal optical waveguides of various shapes can be realized accurately with low‐cost.
Machine Learning Approaches in Advancing Perovskite Solar Cells Research
Authors: Subba Subham , Rai Pratika , Chatterjee Suman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe integration of machine learning (ML) with perovskite solar cells (PSCs) signifies a groundbreaking era in photovoltaic (PV) technology. The traditional iterative approaches in PSC research are often time‐consuming and resource‐intensive. In contrast, ML leverages available data and sophisticated algorithms to quickly identify properties and optimize parameters for novel materials and devices. This review explores how ML‐driven approaches are improving various facets of PSCs research, including the rapid screening of novel compositions, enhancing stability, refining device architectures, and deepening the understanding of underlying physics. The paper is structured to gradually familiarize readers with essential terminologies and concepts, ensuring a solid foundation before delving into more intricate topics. A concise workflow and various introductory toolkits for ML are also briefly discussed. Through a detailed analysis of compelling case studies, a basic research framework within ML‐PSC‐integrated research is provided. This comprehensive review can serve as a valuable reference for researchers aiming to understand and leverage ML‐driven approaches in PSCs research, advancing the path for more efficient and sustainable PV technologies.
Targeting the SPC25/RIOK1/MYH9 Axis to Overcome Tumor Stemness and Platinum Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jiang Xingyu , Yang Muwen , Zhang Weijing , Shi Dongni , Li Yue , He Lixin , Huang Shumei , Chen Boyu , Chen Xuwei , Kong Lingzhi , Pan Yibing , Deng Pinwei , Wang Rui , Ouyang Ying , Chen Xiangfu , Li Jun , Li Zheng , Zou Hequn , Zhang Yanna , Song Libing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), platinum resistance, potentially mediated by cancer stem cells (CSCs), often leads to relapse and treatment failure. Here, the role of spindle pole body component 25 (SPC25) as a key determinant promoting stemness and platinum resistance in EOC cells, with its expression being correlated with adverse clinical outcomes is delineated. Mechanistically, SPC25 acts as a scaffolding platform, orchestrating the assembly of an SPC25/RIOK1/MYH9 trimeric complex, triggering RIOK1‐mediated phosphorylation of MYH9 at Ser1943. This prompts MYH9 to disengage from the cytoskeleton, augmenting its nuclear accumulation, thus potentiating CTNNB1 transcription and subsequent activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. CBP1, a competitive inhibitory peptide, can disrupt the formation of the aforementioned trimeric complex, diminishing the activity of the SPC25/RIOK1/MYH9 axis–mediated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, and thus attenuate CSC phenotypes, thereby enhancing platinum efficacy in vitro, in vivo, and in patient‐derived organoids. Therefore, targeting the SPC25/RIOK1/MYH9 axis, which mediates the maintenance of stemness and platinum resistance in EOC cells, may enhance platinum sensitivity and increase survival in patients with EOC.