bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audit of training of digital personnel for regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0
Authors: Goryachikh Svetlana P. , Lapteva Svetlana V. , Matushkina Yulia N. , Kalinin Pavel A. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to develop the scientific and methodological provision of an audit of training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 by the example of regional flagship universities of modern Russia.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the method of regression analysis for determining the dependence of the level of digitization of regions’ economy on the competitiveness of their basic universities. The research is performed by the example of regions of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation, in which there are regional flagship universities as of early 2019.

Findings
It is determined that audit of training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 in modern Russia is conducted within the monitoring of the effectiveness of universities by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Most of the indicators that are necessary for the audit of training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 are not taken into account. The data of the monitoring allow compiling a fragmentary idea of the potential of a regional flagship university in training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0, while the results of this training are not assessed or controlled. This leads to low potential and low efficiency of Russia’s regional flagship universities in training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0.

Originality/value
The forms for an audit of training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0 by the regional flagship university are developed. The indicators of the potential and results of the university in training of digital personnel are combined with the existing methodology of evaluation of the effectiveness of universities in Russia. An additional advantage of the authors’ recommendations is the universal character of the developed forms, which allows using them in other countries for an audit of training of digital personnel for the regional economy in the conditions of Industry 4.0.
Impacts of integrated scheme on livelihood and rural housing condition in Nigeria
Authors: Odebode Adedayo Ayodeji 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of integrated rural development scheme on livelihood and rural housing condition in selected rural areas in Osun state. This is prompted by the need to develop effective strategy for improving the rural housing condition in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The impacts of the scheme were measured through survey of 344 participants obtained from 28 active communities out of the 36 communities’ coverage by Rural Development Programme of Justice Development and Peace Makers’s Centre through a multi-stage sampling. Both qualitative and quantitative data were obtained from the respondents. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, frequency distribution, correlation and regression analysis.

Findings
The result revealed that the mode of operation of the integrated scheme is to educate farmers on best farming practices. The integrated scheme had contributed positively to the livelihood of the respondents by providing stable source of finance than any other available finance source options, and it increased assets and skill acquisition and ability to have more combination of livelihood options as a result of the intervention. In addition, the number of respondents without personal accommodation also decreased at a significant proportion after the intervention. Also, notable numbers of respondents have increased access to domestic housing facilities such as, well, pit toilet and electricity. The result of the correlation analysis showed further that respondents with more livelihood assets and larger household size most often have a better housing condition, whereas the regression analysis revealed that change in the household size and change in livelihood assets lead to change in the housing condition. The paper suggest that integrated scheme could be used as a self-financing strategy for both qualitative and quantitative improvement of rural housing in Nigeria if the scheme enjoys the requisite government support in terms of adequacy of finance and more government agency participation for wider coverage.

Originality/value
The paper is one of the pioneering studies in Nigeria.
Seeking signs of transparency: audit, materiality, and monuments to active citizenship in New Delhi
Authors: Webb Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn New Delhi, the Chief Information Commissioner has ordered that municipal councillors should ‘proactively disclose’ details of the amounts spent on public works via Hindi‐language noticeboards displayed in every city ward. As ‘appropriate’ technology designed to reach out to the common people, the noticeboards are part of an ongoing technomoral project to develop and democratize citizen engagement with urban governance. An audit of the noticeboards carried out by Information Commission officials and ‘right to information’ activists reveals that many are badly positioned or assembled from inappropriate materials. As such, they are judged to be unreliable actants in the project to prefigure a more open and transparent city administration. A focus on the materiality and temporal orientation of the noticeboards, however, reveals them to be productive in other ways. We come to understand the noticeboards as monuments to earlier projects of active citizenship and as ongoing sites of contest or collaboration between actors concerned with their audit and remediation.
The Artificial Intelligence Arms Race: Trends and World Leaders in Autonomous Weapons Development
Authors: Haner Justin , Garcia Denise 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutonomous weapons technologies, which rely on artificial intelligence, are advancing rapidly and without sufficient public debate or accountability. Oversight of increased autonomy in warfare is critically important because this deadly technology is likely to proliferate rapidly, enhance terrorist tactics, empower authoritarian rulers, undermine democratic peace, and is vulnerable to bias, hacking, and malfunction. The top competitors in this arms race are the United States, China, Russia, South Korea, and the European Union.
Metformin blunts muscle hypertrophy in response to progressive resistance exercise training in older adults: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter trial: The MASTERS trial
Authors: Walton R. Grace , Dungan Cory M. , Long Douglas E. , Tuggle S. Craig , Kosmac Kate , Peck Bailey D. , Bush Heather M. , Villasante Tezanos Alejandro G. , McGwin Gerald , Windham Samuel T. , Ovalle Fernando , Bamman Marcas M. , Kern Philip A. , Peterson Charlotte A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProgressive resistance exercise training (PRT) is the most effective known intervention for combating aging skeletal muscle atrophy. However, the hypertrophic response to PRT is variable, and this may be due to muscle inflammation susceptibility. Metformin reduces inflammation, so we hypothesized that metformin would augment the muscle response to PRT in healthy women and men aged 65 and older. In a randomized, double‐blind trial, participants received 1,700 mg/day metformin (N = 46) or placebo (N = 48) throughout the study, and all subjects performed 14 weeks of supervised PRT. Although responses to PRT varied, placebo gained more lean body mass (p = .003) and thigh muscle mass (p < .001) than metformin. CT scan showed that increases in thigh muscle area (p = .005) and density (p = .020) were greater in placebo versus metformin. There was a trend for blunted strength gains in metformin that did not reach statistical significance. Analyses of vastus lateralis muscle biopsies showed that metformin did not affect fiber hypertrophy, or increases in satellite cell or macrophage abundance with PRT. However, placebo had decreased type I fiber percentage while metformin did not (p = .007). Metformin led to an increase in AMPK signaling, and a trend for blunted increases in mTORC1 signaling in response to PRT. These results underscore the benefits of PRT in older adults, but metformin negatively impacts the hypertrophic response to resistance training in healthy older individuals. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02308228.
A human tissue‐specific transcriptomic analysis reveals a complex relationship between aging, cancer, and cellular senescence
Authors: Chatsirisupachai Kasit , Palmer Daniel , Ferreira Susana , de Magalhães João Pedro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAging is the biggest risk factor for cancer, but the mechanisms linking these two processes remain unclear. Using GTEx and TCGA data, we compared genes differentially expressed with age and genes differentially expressed in cancer among nine human tissues. In most tissues, aging and cancer gene expression pattern changed in the opposite direction. The exception was thyroid and uterus, where we found transcriptomic changes in the same direction in aging and in their corresponding cancers. The overlapping sets between genes differentially expressed with age and genes differentially expressed in cancer across tissues were enriched for several processes, mainly cell cycle and the immune system. Moreover, cellular senescence signatures, derived from a meta‐analysis, changed in the same direction as aging in human tissues and in the opposite direction of cancer signatures. Therefore, transcriptomic changes in aging and in cellular senescence might relate to a decrease in cell proliferation, while cancer transcriptomic changes shift toward enhanced cell division. Our results highlight the complex relationship between aging and cancer and suggest that, while in general aging processes might be opposite to cancer, the transcriptomic links between human aging and cancer are tissue‐specific.
Longitudinal Associations between Sleep, Intrusive Thoughts, and Alcohol Problems Among Veterans
Authors: Miller Mary Beth , Metrik Jane , Borsari Brian , Jackson Kristina M. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundResearch suggests bidirectional associations between symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sleep disturbance, both of which have been associated with alcohol problems. However, few studies have examined the interplay of these conditions in predicting alcohol problems over time. This study tested 2 competing models: (i) sleep disturbance as a mediator of the association between intrusive thoughts about trauma and alcohol problems and (ii) intrusion symptoms as the mediator of the sleep/alcohol problem association.MethodsVeterans (N = 325, 93% male, 81% White) completed assessments at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months as part of a larger observational study. Zero‐inflated‐negative binomial models were used to examine indirect effects of baseline predictors on (i) yes/no likelihood and (ii) number of 12‐month alcohol problems through 6‐month mediators. Models controlled for past‐year cannabis use and drinks consumed per week at baseline.ResultsThe only significant predictor of alcohol problem likelihood was baseline drinking quantity. Baseline PTSD intrusions had a direct effect on number of alcohol problems at 12 months, with no indirect (mediated) effect through 6‐month sleep disturbance. In the competing model, baseline sleep disturbance had a marginally significant direct effect on 12‐month alcohol problems, with a significant indirect effect through 6‐month PTSD intrusions.ConclusionsPTSD intrusions are associated with more alcohol problems and help explain the long‐term association between sleep and alcohol problems among veterans. Because sleep disturbances are associated with more intrusive thoughts about trauma, we recommend that treatments targeting sleep in the context of PTSD and alcohol use include a cognitive component.
Older people's satisfaction with and utilisation patterns of the Old Age Allowance in Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Govinda Prasad , Sapkota Manisha , Bista Bishnu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe Old Age Allowance in Nepal aims to support the welfare of older people, to improve their social and economic status and to encourage independence. The aim of this study was to assess satisfaction with and utilisation patterns of the Old Age Allowance among older people in Nepal.MethodsA cross‐sectional, quantitative study was conducted in Chitwan, Nepal. Face‐to‐face interviews were carried out with 232 older people asking about demographics, and satisfaction and utilisation of Old Age Allowance.ResultsSeventy‐two per cent of older people expressed satisfaction with the Old Age Allowance. The highest satisfaction level (81.9%) was associated with the satisfaction scale construct of contribution to religious practices. Satisfaction with the allowance was associated with family relationships and dissatisfaction with higher expectations of allowance. The allowance was predominantly utilised for personal expenditure (91.4%), followed by health and medicine (75.0%).ConclusionThe Old Age Allowance is a necessary and important contribution to keeping older people connected with family and community.
Pregnancy and advanced maternal age—The associations between regular exercise and maternal and newborn health variables
Authors: Haakstad Lene A. H. , Voldner Nanna , Bø Kari 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the associations between delayed childbearing and poorer maternal and perinatal outcomes, little is known about these issues in regular exercisers and in women with healthy lifestyles. The aims of the present study were to: (a) compare lifestyle variables and exercise, pregnancy and birth outcomes in women ≥35 years and women <35 years of age, and (b) investigate the associations between regular exercise and maternal health and newborn variables in women of advanced maternal age.Material and methodsHealthy pregnant women (≥35 years, n = 104 and <35 years, n = 362) were allocated to the study from Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Norway. The participants completed a validated self‐administered questionnaire, the Physical Activity Pregnancy Questionnaire (PAPQ) in gestational weeks 32‐36. Prepregnancy body weight (kg) was self‐reported, whereas maternal weight (kg) was measured at gestational weeks 14‐16, 22‐24, 30‐32, and 36‐38. Details of the delivery (gestational week at delivery, mode of delivery, Apgar score) and birthweight (g) were obtained from the hospital’s medical records.ResultsMore women <35 than ≥35 years of age reported to have exercised prepregnancy (83.7% vs 74.0%, P = 0.04) and in the 1st trimester (71.2% vs 61.5%, P = 0.05). At gestational week 36, fewer than 50% were exercising regularly, with no group differences (P = 0.74). Current alcohol use (10.5% vs 3.3%, P = 0.02) and tobacco use (5.8% vs 1.7%, P = 0.02) were higher among women ≥35 than women <35 years, whereas for healthy diet the result was reversed (<35 years 67.1% and ≥35 years 80.8%, P = 0.02). There were higher rates of post‐term birth (13.5% vs 6.4%, P = 0.02) and induction of labor (40.5% vs 27.9%, P = 0.02) in the ≥35 years group, otherwise no other differences were observed in perinatal outcomes. In women with advanced maternal age, exercising ≥2 times weekly was associated with less pelvic girdle pain (40.0% vs 61.1%, P = 0.02), lower gestational weight gain (12.7 ± 4.0 kg vs 15.5 ± 5.5 kg, P < 0.01), fewer had gestational weight gain ≥16 kg (22.0% vs 51.9%, P < 0.01) and a newborn with macrosomia (10.0% vs 37.0%, P < 0.01). The results were unchanged after adjusting for recognized confounders.ConclusionsThe results indicate that regular exercise is associated with improvement in some of the risks of advanced maternal age.
Williams‐Campbell syndrome complicated with pulmonary hypertension and Type 2 respiratory failure: An adult case report
Authors: Liu Meng , Yuan Qing , Zhao Haimeng , Wang Yuguang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWilliams‐Campbell syndrome, is a rare disorder characterized by a deficiency of cartilage in subsegmental bronchi, leading to distal airway collapse and bronchiectasis, which typically affects the fourth‐ to sixth‐order bronchi. This article reported a 31‐year‐old female patient who was diagnosed with Williams‐Campbell syndrome with pulmonary hypertension and Type 2 respiratory failure due to extensive cystic bronchiectasis. CT of the thorax showed the affected bronchi had characteristic ballooning on inspiration and collapse on expiration.
Modelling the current and future biodiversity distribution in the Chilean Mediterranean hotspot. The role of protected areas network in a warmer future
Authors: Fuentes‐Castillo Taryn , Scherson Rosa A. , Marquet Pablo A. , Fajardo Javier , Corcoran Derek , Román María José , Pliscoff Patricio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimMediterranean Chile is part of the five recognized mediterranean‐type climates in the world and harbours a very rich floral diversity. Climate change has been reported as a significant threat to its biodiversity. We used the flora of Mediterranean Chile to analyse how biodiversity patterns, as measured by phylogenetic diversity, genus and species richness will respond to climate change scenarios and identify the areas that will harbour the greatest evolutionary potential and biodiversity richness. We also evaluated how these spatial patterns are depicted within the current network of protected areas.LocationChilean Mediterranean climate‐type Region, South America.MethodsBiodiversity metrics were evaluated for current and future climatic scenarios. Species distribution models were done using Maxent for 1.727 species and 571 genera. Relationships between species/genera gain, loss and turnover were evaluated. For Mediterranean endemic species, loss and gain were also related to life‐form. Finally, variation in species gain, loss and turnover was evaluated in future climate change scenarios within and outside Mediterranean Chile state protected areas.ResultsWe found a general decrease in species richness in the entire Region towards future climate change scenarios. Phylogenetic diversity is predicted to be higher than expected by richness in the north–south of the area and lower than expected by richness in the Andes Mountain. The highest average species and genus loss is predicted to occur outside the protected areas; meanwhile, species and genus gain is higher within them.Main conclusionsFuture biodiversity patterns are reported here for the first time in the Chilean Mediterranean Region. Our findings enhance the importance of the current protected areas to harbour this future variation, despite their reduced number and size along the region.
Regional differences in cell‐mediated immunity in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Pickwell K. , Geerts M. , van Moorsel D. , Hilkman D. , Kars M. , Schaper N. C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo study cell‐mediated immunity in the feet of people with type 2 diabetes with polyneuropathy.MethodsIn a cohort comprising people with type 2 diabetes with polyneuropathy (n = 17) and without polyneuropathy (n = 12) and a healthy control group (n = 12) indurations due to delayed‐type hypersensitivity responses to intracutaneous Candida albicans antigen were determined in the foot and compared with those in the arm (an area relatively spared in diabetic polyneuropathy). The sizes of indurations on the foot were correlated with electromyographic measurements in the participants with diabetes.ResultsNo differences were observed in the median size of indurations between the foot and arm in healthy controls and participants without polyneuropathy; in participants with polyneuropathy, induration sizes on the foot were smaller than on the arm: 0 (95% CI 0 to 1) vs 5 (95% CI 2 to 6) mm (P < 0.01). In participants with diabetes, larger indurations correlated with better nerve function (Spearman's rho 0.35 to 0.39).ConclusionOur findings suggest that diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy negatively affects cell‐mediated immunity in the foot. (Clinical Trials registry no.: NCT01370837)
The Transatlantic HbA1c gap: differences in glycaemic control across the lifespan between people included in the US T1D Exchange Registry and those included in the German/Austrian DPV registry
Authors: Hermann J. M. , Miller K. M. , Hofer S. E. , Clements M. A. , Karges W. , Foster N. C. , Fröhlich‐Reiterer E. , Rickels M. R. , Rosenbauer J. , DeSalvo D. J. , Holl R. W. , Maahs D. M. ,   the T1D Exchange Clinic Network and the DPV initiative
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo compare HbA1c levels across the lifespan in people with type 1 diabetes in the USA with those in Germany/Austria, and to examine potential differences in HbA1c levels between sexes, insulin delivery methods and minority status.MethodsData were extracted from the US T1D Exchange Registry (n=18 381 participants from 73 sites) and from the German/Austrian Prospective Diabetes Follow‐up Registry, the DPV (n=32 643 participants from 362 sites). Mean HbA1c was calculated for each year of age for individuals aged ≤25 years, and at 2‐year age intervals for individuals aged >25 years. Curves for mean HbA1c by age were estimated using locally weighted scatterplot smoothing. HbA1c differences between registries, sexes, insulin delivery methods, and minority status were assessed by age group using multiple linear regression.ResultsIn both registries, mean HbA1c increased by ~11 mmol/mol (1.0%) between the ages of 9 and 18 years, although at quite different absolute levels: from 66 mmol/mol (8.2%) to 77 mmol/mol (9.2%) in the T1D Exchange Registry, and from 56 mmol/mol (7.3%) to 66 mmol/mol (8.2%) in the DPV. Sex differences were observed in the DPV only. In the T1D Exchange Registry, injection users had higher mean HbA1c than pump users across the lifespan, whereas in the DPV higher HbA1c levels in injection users were observed in the age groups 6 to <12 years, 12 to <18 years, and 30 to <50 years (P < 0.001). Minority status was significantly associated with higher HbA1c in most age groups in both registries.ConclusionsSignificant differences in HbA1c were noted between the USA and Germany/Austria, with disparities more pronounced in early childhood through to young adulthood. Further studies should identify causes for these disparities.