bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of landscape context on short‐ and long‐term forest change following a severe ice storm
Authors: Lloren Jed Immanuel , Fahrig Lenore , Bennett Joseph R. , Contreras Thomas A. , McCune Jenny L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhen deforestation results in small forest fragments surrounded by a non‐forest matrix, forest stands within these fragments experience changes in structure and community composition. They also continue to experience natural disturbances like hurricanes and ice storms. It remains unclear whether the landscape context of forest stands influences plant community response to natural disturbances.Using data from surveys of forested plots in the years immediately following and 19 years after a severe ice storm, we measured changes in woody stem density, species richness and beta diversity.Plots with greater storm damage had greater gains in stems and species, and greater shifts in community composition. In addition, there were interactions between the degree of storm damage and landscape context. The short‐term effects of storm damage were magnified in plots with less forest on the surrounding landscape and farther from the forest edge. In plots with high damage, a return towards pre‐storm conditions over the long‐term occurred more often in plots farther from the forest edge compared to those close to the edge.Synthesis. Future climate scenarios predict increases in severe weather and accompanying ecosystem disturbance. Our results show that it is important to consider landscape context when assessing the response of forest communities to such disturbances.
From ‘There is No Alternative’ to ‘Maybe There are Alternatives’: five Challenges to Economic Orthodoxy after the Crash
Authors: Hunt Tom , Stanley Liam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrior to the 2008 financial crisis, politicians famously told the public and themselves that ‘there is no alternative’ to a neoliberal economic paradigm. Fast‐forward to 2019 and there is, instead, the sense that ‘maybe there are alternatives’. However, when many observers and commentators look back to the 2008 crisis, they see a general continuity with what went before. In order to gain a better understanding of this ‘interregnum’, we map five sets of ideas and practices that challenge the policies, ideas, and conventions of pre‐crash orthodoxy. In doing so, we argue that there has been a fundamental transformation in legitimate public discourse about the economy since 2008: ideas and practices that were previously unimaginable or illegitimate in mainstream economic debate are now commonplace. Although this does not represent a ‘paradigm shift’, it represents significant political change that is important to understand and interrogate on its own terms.
Negligible risk of prenatal ductus arteriosus closure or fetal renal impairment after third‐trimester paracetamol use: evaluation of the German Embryotox cohort
Authors: Dathe K , Frank J , Padberg S , Hultzsch S , Meixner K , Beck E , Meister R , Schaefer C 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveRisk of fetotoxicity after paracetamol exposure in the third trimester.DesignObservational cohort study and retrospective case assessment.SettingGermany, 2008–2017.PopulationPregnant women exposed to paracetamol.MethodsProspectively enrolled third‐trimester pregnancies that had been exposed to paracetamol (604) were compared with pregnancies exposed to paracetamol in the first and/or second trimester only (1192). Exclusion criteria were exposure to nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the second or third trimester. Additionally, the Embryotox ‘adverse drug reaction in pregnancy’ database was screened for cases of fetotoxicity.Main outcome measuresThe prenatal study end points focused on narrowing or closure of ductus arteriosus Botalli, late fetal death, and oligohydramnios. The postnatal end points included patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), primary pulmonary hypertension (PPHT), and impaired renal function.ResultsIn both cohorts, no fetus with intrauterine narrowing or closure of the ductus arteriosus Botalli was reported (0/604 versus 0/1192). Oligohydramnios was diagnosed at a similar frequency in both cohorts: 1.3% (8/604) versus 1.6% (19/1192). There was one stillbirth in the study cohort (1/604, 0.2%) and four stillbirths in the comparison cohort (4/1192, 0.3%). The rates of PDA in neonates were similar: 0.7% (4/615) versus 0.7% (9/1212). PPHT as well as serious postnatal renal disorders were reported once in each cohort. In 12 out of 96 retrospective cases, there were indicators for study end points; however, co‐exposure to NSAIDs or complex situations weaken the assumption of paracetamol toxicity.ConclusionsFetal cardiovascular or renal toxicity of maternal third‐trimester paracetamol use appears to be negligible.Tweetable abstractParacetamol use in the third trimester does not seem to be associated with a relevant risk of fetotoxicity.
An Efficient Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometric Approach to Detection and Quantification of the Mescaline Content of Commonly Abused Cacti from the Echinopsis Genus
Authors: Longo Cameron M. , Musah Rabi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnregulated cacti from the genus Echinopsis are used recreationally as mescaline‐containing alternatives to the outlawed peyote. Echinopsis‐derived plant materials appear in a variety of nondescript forms, making rapid assessment of whether they are mescaline‐containing materials or simply innocuous plant‐derived food products, very challenging. Reported here is a DART‐HRMS approach for the rapid detection of mescaline in whole plant material and a validated method for the quantification of mescaline in cactus tissue, using mescaline‐d9 as the internal standard. Calibration curves exhibited R2 values of ≥0.995, and the method exhibited a LLOQ and a linear range of 1 ppm and 1–100 ppm, respectively. Application of the method to commercially available Echinopsis spp. yielded results consistent with previous studies performed by GC‐ and LC‐MS, with mescaline levels of <2% dry weight in all cases. Therefore, DART‐HRMS is a suitable technique for the rapid screening of mescaline and its subsequent quantification within complex plant‐derived matrices.
Crosstalk between bacterial conjugation and motility is mediated by plasmid‐borne regulators
Authors: Luque Ainara , Paytubi Sonia , Sánchez‐Montejo Javier , Gibert Marta , Balsalobre Carlos , Madrid Cristina 
Published: July 2019

SummaryPlasmid conjugation is a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism. The acquisition of a plasmid may cause a perturbation of the cell functions in addition to provide advantageous properties for the recipient cell, such as the gaining of antibiotic resistances. The interplay between plasmid and chromosomal functions has been studied using the IncHI1 plasmid R27. Plasmids of the incompatibility group HI1, isolated from several Gram‐negative pathogens, are associated with the spread of multidrug resistance. Their conjugation is tightly regulated by temperature, being repressed at temperatures within the host (37°C). In this report, we described that at permissive temperature, when conjugation of plasmid R27 is prompted, a reduction in the motility of the cells is observed. This reduction is mediated by the plasmid‐encoded regulators TrhR/TrhY, which together with HtdA form a plasmid‐borne regulatory circuit controlling R27 conjugation. TrhR/TrhY, required to induce R27 conjugation, is responsible for the downregulation of the flagella synthesis and the consequent decrease in motility. TrhR/TrhY repress, direct or indirectly, the expression of the specific flagellar sigma subunit FliA and, consequently, the expression of all genes located bellow in the flagellar expression cascade.
Dentinal dysplasia type 1: A 3D micro‐computed tomographic study of enamel, dentine and root canal morphology
Authors: Ranjitkar Sarbin , Yong Robin , Wu I‐Cheng , Gully Grant , Farmer Daniel , Watson Ian , Heithersay Geoffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDentine dysplasia type 1 is a rare and complex dental anomaly. Our aim was to conduct a morphometric assessment of a dentinal dysplasia type 1c (DD1c) caries‐free mandibular second molar, extracted due to symptomatic apical periodontitis. Controls consisted of five intact mandibular second molars. Micro‐computed tomography analysis showed that the DD1c volume % for enamel, dentine/cementum and pulp chamber fell in the 0.36th, 99.97th and 0.09th percentiles of the control teeth (P < 0.01). It also revealed an extremely complicated root canal system in the DD1c tooth with a varying degree of dentine mineralisation and aberrant dentine deposition in the pulp chamber. A crack extending from the external tooth surface to the pulp chamber was identified as a potential site for microbial invasion. Clinical implications include preventive measures and early intervention in reversible pulpitis. Conclusion: Micro‐CT imaging can be useful in establishing post‐extraction diagnosis of cracks and phenomic characterisation of tooth anomalies.
Predictors of clinically urgent intracranial pathology at neuroimaging in children with complex febrile seizures: a retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Guillou Tifenn , Carbajal Ricardo , Rambaud Jérome , Titomanlio Luigi , de Pontual Loic , Biscardi Sandra , Nissack‐Obiketeki Gisèle , Pellegrino Béatrice , Charara Oussama , Angoulvant François , Denis Julien , Chalard Francois , Morel Baptiste , Loschi Solène , Chappuy Hélène , Guedj Romain 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the prevalence of clinically urgent intracranial pathology (CUIP) in children visiting the emergency department with a complex febrile seizure (CFS).MethodsRetrospective cohort review. We analysed the visits of patients for a CFS from January 2007 to December 2011 in seven paediatric emergency departments. Our main outcomes were the proportions of CUIP diagnosed between day 0 and 1 and within 30 days after the index visit.ResultsFrom 1 183 487 visits, 839 were for a CFS and 130 (15.5%) of these had a neuroimaging performed within 30 days (CT scan for 75 visits [8.9%], MRI for 30 visits [3.6%] and both for 25 visits [3.0%]). Three CUIP were diagnosed between day 0 and 1 (0.4% [CI‐95%: 0.1‐1.3]), 5 within 30 days after the index visit (0.7% [CI‐95%: 0.2‐1.7]) but none among the 630 visits of children presenting with a normal neurological clinical examination (0% [95% CI: 0.0‐0.7]), nor among the 468 presenting only with multiple seizure (0% [95% CI: 0.0‐1.0]).ConclusionIn children with a CFS, CUIP is rare event in the subgroup of children with a normal neurological clinical examination and in those with brief generalised multiple seizures.
Drug information centre queries and responses about drug interactions over 10 years—A descriptive analysis
Authors: Tukukino Carina , Wallerstedt Susanna M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany people are treated with ≥1 drug, implying that risks of drug interactions need to be considered. The aim of this study was to describe drug interaction queries from healthcare professionals to a drug information centre in Sweden over 10 years focusing on drugs frequently asked about and the advice provided. Advice was recorded in mutually exclusive groups: Avoid, Adjust dose, Separate intake, Vigilance or No problem. For queries with Avoid, Adjust dose or Separate intake advice, alerts were extracted from an interaction database (Janusmed). Of 4335 queries to the centre in 2008‐2017, 589 (14%) concerned interactions. Most were posed by physicians (91%) and concerned a specific patient (83%) before treatment initiation (76%). Sertraline, warfarin and methotrexate were the most frequently asked about, whereas queries about cyclophosphamide and rifampicine occurred most often in relation to the number of exposed patients. Advice provided in 557 (95%) replies comprised Avoid: n = 85 (15%), Adjust dose: n = 57 (10%), Separate intake: n = 17 (3%), Vigilance: n = 235 (42%) or No problem: n = 163 (29%). In all, 113 (71%) of 159 queries with Avoid/Adjust dose/Separate intake advice elicited an action alert on Janusmed, whereas 31 (20%) did not result in any alert at all. Summarized, seven in ten replies from the drug information centre recommended an explicit drug treatment action, regarding either specific prescribing aspects, for instance dose adjustments, or active follow‐up including monitoring potential adverse reactions and/or laboratory results. Readily accessible decision support regarding drug interactions often provides relevant action alerts, but cannot be solely relied on.
Hypoxic augmentation: The tale of a strange contraction
Authors: Vanhoutte Paul Michel , Leung Susan Wai Sum 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlmost fifty years ago, experiments on isolated veins showed that acute hypoxia augments venoconstrictor responses in vitro and that such facilitation relied on anaerobic glycolysis. Over the years, this phenomenon was extended to a number of arterial preparations of different species and revisited, from a mechanistic point of view, with the successive demonstration that it depends on calcium handling in the vascular smooth muscle cells, is endothelium‐dependent and requires the production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). However, rather than the vasodilator cyclic nucleotide 3′,5′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), its canonical product, the latter enzyme produces 3′,5′‐cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) instead during acute hypoxia; this non‐canonical cyclic nucleotide facilitates the contractile process in the vascular smooth muscle cells. This ‘biased’ activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase appears to involve stimulation of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO‐1). The exact interactions between hypoxia, anaerobic metabolism and NQO‐1 leading to biased activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase remain to be established.
FAS‐mediated apoptosis impairment in patients with ALPS/ALPS‐like phenotype carrying variants on CASP10 gene
Authors: Miano Maurizio , Cappelli Enrico , Pezzulla Agnese , Venè Roberta , Grossi Alice , Terranova Paola , Palmisani Elena , Maggiore Rosario , Guardo Daniela , Lanza Tiziana , Calvillo Michaela , Micalizzi Concetta , Pierri Filomena , Vernarecci Chiara , Beccaria Andrea , Corsolini Fabio , Lanciotti Marina , Russo Giovanna , Ceccherini Isabella , Dufour Carlo , Fioredda Francesca 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAutoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is a congenital disorder that results in an apoptosis impairment of lymphocytes, leading to chronic lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity, mainly autoimmune cytopenias. FAS gene defects are often responsible for the disease, the phenotype of which can vary from asymptomatic/mild forms to severe disease. More rarely, defects are associated to other genes involved in apoptosis pathway, such as CASP10. Few data are available on CASP10‐mutated patients. To date, two CASP10 mutations have been recognized as pathogenic (I406L and L258F) and others have been reported with controversial result on their pathogenicity (V410l, Y446C) or are known to be polymorphic variants (L522l). In this study, we evaluated apoptosis function in patients with an ALPS/ALPS‐like phenotype carrying CASP10 variants. Molecular findings were obtained by next generation sequencing analysis of genes involved in immune dysregulation syndromes. Functional studies were performed after inducing apoptosis by FAS‐ligand/TRIAL stimulation and analysing cell death and the function of CASP10, CASP8 and PARP proteins. We identified 6 patients with an ALPS (n = 2) or ALPS‐like (n = 4) phenotype, carrying I406L (n = 1),V410l (n = 2),Y446C (n = 1) heterozygous CASP10 variants or the L522l polymorphisms (n = 2) associated with another polymorphic homozygote variant on CASP8 or a compound heterozygous mutation on TNFRSF13C. Apoptosis was impaired in all patients showing that such variants may play a role in the development of clinical phenotype.
Effect of moderate exercise under hypoxia on Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
Authors: Santos Samile A. , Lira Fábio S. , Silva Edgar T. , Caris Aline V. , Oyama Lila M. , Thomatieli‐Santos Ronaldo V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction and objectiveModerate exercise performed in normoxia can be immunostimulatory, while strenuous exercise can be immunosuppressive. However, less is known about the effects of exercise under hypoxia on cytokines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an acute exercise session performed under hypoxia similar to an altitude of 4200 m on cytokine balance. Our hypothesis was that exercise, even of moderate intensity, associated with hypoxia may induce different changes in relation to the normoxic condition.MethodsEight healthy male volunteers were exercised on a treadmill for 1 hour at an intensity of 50% VO2peak under normoxic or hypoxic condition (4200 m). Blood samples were collected at rest and immediately 1 hour after the exercise, respectively to determine cytokines, hormones and metabolites. The two‐way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test were used and the significance adopted was P < .05.ResultsWhile IL‐2, the IL‐2/IL‐4 ratio and glutamine decreased under hypoxia, IL‐6 and IL‐1ra increased. There were increases in the IL‐2/IL‐4 ratio, IL‐6, IL‐1ra and IL‐10/TNF‐α in normoxia. There were no differences in cortisol or glucose.ConclusionModerate exercise under hypoxia condition changes the Th1/Th2 balance including IL‐2, IL‐4 and TNF‐α cytokines, suggesting a Th2 response after 1 hour rest.
Ecological correlates of extinction risk in Chinese amphibians
Authors: Chen Chuanwu , Chen Cangsong , Wang Yanping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimChina is one of the countries with the richest amphibian biodiversity in the world. Among the 408 Chinese amphibians, 174 species are considered threatened according to the China Biodiversity Red List in 2015. However, to date, which species traits or extrinsic factors are correlated with extinction risk in Chinese amphibians is rarely examined. The aims of this study were thus to identify the patterns and correlates of extinction risk in Chinese amphibians and to determine whether patterns and processes are similar between species with either small or large geographic distributions.LocationChina.MethodsWe obtained twelve species traits and four extrinsic factors that have been commonly linked to the extinction risk of amphibians. After phylogenetic correction, these factors were tested separately and in combination to identify their correlations with extinction risk in all Chinese amphibians, and in small‐ranged and large‐ranged species.ResultsGeographic range size and elevational range were the most important predictors of extinction risk in all Chinese amphibians. Although extinction risk in small‐ranged amphibians was predominantly determined by small elevational range, in large‐ranged amphibians it was driven by geographic and elevational ranges, body size, human exploitation index and adult microhabitat. Small‐ranged amphibians had a higher percentage of threatened species than large‐ranged species. However, the body size distributions were not statistically different between these two amphibian subgroups.Main conclusionsOur findings suggest that conservation priority should be given to species with small geographic and elevational ranges. Small‐ranged and large‐ranged amphibians should be conserved with different strategies because the factors influencing extinction risk differ between these two groups. In specific, the reduction of habitat loss should be a primary focus of management efforts because species with small geographic and elevational ranges are particually vulnerable to habitat loss. Conservation efforts should also focus on protecting large‐bodied species and preventing human overexploitation for the effective conservation of large‐ranged amphibians.
Differences in treatment and monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia with regard to age, but not sex: Results from a population‐based study
Authors: Lauseker Michael , Gerlach Roman , Worseg Wenke , Haferlach Torsten , Tauscher Martin , Hasford Joerg , Hoffmann Verena S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are established guidelines for treatment and monitoring of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but little is known about routine care. Data on ICD‐10 codes as well as prescribed medications were available for 10.5 million patients in the statutory health insurance system in Bavaria for the years 2010 to 2016. Also, data on the molecular and cytogenetic monitoring were integrated. A total of 1714 adult patients with CML were observed. Only 50.8% received more than 67.5 daily doses per quarter year (target: 91.5) while 18.2% did not receive any tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). The median number of daily doses was at least 80 doses per quarter year for all age groups in men, but decreased to 62 doses in elderly women. With this exception, no differences between men and women were observed. The percentage of patients without any TKI increased with age. The median number of molecular examinations was 3.54 independent of age and sex. Even in a highly developed country, still a considerable number of patients with CML seem to not receive adequate treatment, whereas molecular monitoring can be considered satisfactory.
Safety of tapering tacrolimus dose in patients with well‐controlled anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive myasthenia gravis
Authors: Nishida Y. , Takahashi Y. K. , Kanai T. , Nose Y. , Ishibashi S. , Sanjo N. , Uzawa A. , Oda F. , Ozawa Y. , Kuwabara S. , Noguchi E. , Suzuki S. , Nakahara J. , Suzuki N. , Ogawa T. , Yokoyama K. , Hattori N. , Konno S. , Fujioka T. , Kawaguchi N. , Hatanaka Y. , Sonoo M. , Kaneko J. , Ogino M. , Nishiyama K. , Nomura K. , Yokota T. 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeTapering immunosuppressants is desirable in patients with well‐controlled myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the association between tapering of calcineurin inhibitor dosage and reduction‐associated exacerbation is not known. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency of reduction‐associated exacerbation when tacrolimus is tapered in stable patients with anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive MG, and to determine the factors that predict exacerbations.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 115 patients in whom tacrolimus dosage was tapered. The reduction‐associated exacerbation was defined as the appearance or worsening of one or more MG symptoms <3 months after the reduction.ResultsTacrolimus dosage was successfully tapered in 110 patients (96%) without any exacerbation. Five patients (4%) experienced an exacerbation, but symptoms were reversed in all patients when the tacrolimus dose was increased to the previous maintenance level. No patient developed an MG crisis. The age at onset was significantly earlier (30 vs. 56 years, P = 0.025) and the reduction in dosage was significantly larger (2.0 vs. 1.0 mg/day, P = 0.002) in patients with reduction‐associated exacerbation than in those without exacerbation. The cut‐off values determined in a receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis were 52 years (sensitivity, 57%; specificity, 100%) for the age at onset and 1.5 mg (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 100%) for the dose reduction.ConclusionTapering of tacrolimus was possible in most patients with well‐controlled anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibody‐positive MG. Early age at onset and a large reduction from maintenance dosage were associated with exacerbation. Reductions ≤1.5 mg/day from the maintenance dosage should be considered for patients with late‐onset disease.