bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elicited imitation as a diagnostic tool of morpho-syntactic processing
Authors: Saturno Jacopo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter evaluates the Elicited Imitation (EI) test as a tool to assess learners’ morpho-syntactic processing abilities. Within the VILLA project, the treatment of the nominative/accusative opposition by 17 Italian L1 initial learners of Polish L2 is observed on the one hand in an EI test paired with a comprehension test and on the other hand in free production. The EI test regularly elicits more accurate output than free production. We argue that this is not because learners simply repeat strings of sounds with no underlying processing but because of the lower communicative pressure exerted by the structured task. Although EI is not equivalent to spontaneous production, it may well represent a good compromise between ecological validity and practicality.
The acquisition of Turkish (genitive-)possessive structures by adult Norwegian learners
Authors: Heiden Emel Türker-van der , Mercan Gözde 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the development of phrasal and clausal (Genitive)-Possessive structures in L2 Turkish. The phrasal structures under scrutiny are possessive noun phrases and nominal phrases/compounds consisting of a bare noun and a following possessive noun. The clausal structures are subordinated noun clauses with verbal predicates nominalized through the -mA and -DIK1 suffixes. The data comprise translations and exam essays of Norwegian university students who received Turkish instruction at the University of Oslo across four semesters over two years. We provide a descriptive analysis of the target and non-target structures produced by these learners. This study may pave the way for a future Processability Theory analysis of these structures in the data from this particular group of L2 learners.
Heritage language development and the promise of Processability Theory
Authors: Montrul Silvina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Heritage language acquisition is a type of early bilingual acquisition that takes place in a specific sociolinguistic environment. The heritage language is a societal minority language, acquired as a first language, either by itself or simultaneously with the majority language. Very often the heritage language is not supported at school, and it is common for heritage speakers to eventually achieve greater fluency and proficiency in the majority language than in the heritage language. As a result the heritage language shows many of the linguistic characteristics of a second language. The acquisition of heritage languages has been approached from different perspectives within linguistics, bilingualism and language acquisition. This chapter considers the applicability of Processability Theory, primarily conceived to explain second language acquisition and processing, to the acquisition of heritage languages.
The dynamics of ethnocentrism in Europe. A comparison of enduring and emerging determinants of solidarity towards immigrants
Authors: Aschauer Wolfgang , Mayerl Jochen 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
This article examines cross-national differences in solidarity towards immigrants in the EU. This concept of solidarity is operationalized through perceived ethnic threat vs. a positive view of multicultural society. The main argument of this article is that ‘classical’ enduring determinants (sociodemographic factors, subjective values and structural factors) are still able to explain ethnocentrism, but these factors are enriched and mediated by a cluster of five emerging explanatory factors which reflect societal malaise. These factors include dissatisfaction with society, political distrust, fear of social decline, lack of recognition, and social distrust. The thesis of societal malaise as a powerful concept to explain contemporary restrictions of macro-solidarity is tested with a Multiple-Group Structural Equation Model using data from 21 countries of the European Social Survey (wave 6 2012). A theory-guided approach is used to categorize European nations into six heterogeneous European areas. Statistical analyses reveal that new emerging factors of societal malaise indeed act as a mediator of classical explanations of ethnocentrism. From a comparative perspective, the determinants of macro-solidarity are strongly heterogeneous throughout the six European areas particularly between the East and West of the European Union.
Meta-ideologies of Textuality: Authorship, Plagiarism, Copyright
Authors: Perlman Marc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFew manifestations of intertextuality are better known than plagiarism and copyright infringement, yet few have been less studied by linguistic anthropologists. A variety of textual ideologies of plagiarism and copyright are evident in English composition pedagogy and intellectual-property law, some more and some less author-centric or committed to the values of individuality and originality. The tension between them is articulated in sophisticated arguments, in the course of which the disputants draw explicit attention to the ideological character of the debate, giving it a reflexive, meta-ideological cast. These lay ascriptions of ideology play a wider variety of roles than do ascriptions by linguistic anthropologists—for example, to delegitimize expansive copyright jurisprudence, ward off plagiarism accusations, and rally support for the cultural commons. To facilitate the analysis, a cognitive account of language ideology is developed along with notions of accentuation, focalization, and peripheralization that can be of use in the study of language ideology more generally.
Atomic source selection in space-borne gravitational wave detection
Authors: Loriani S , Schlippert D , Schubert C , Abend S , Ahlers H , Ertmer W , Rudolph J , Hogan J M , Kasevich M A , Rasel E M , Gaaloul N 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Recent proposals for space-borne gravitational wave detectors based on atom interferometry rely on extremely narrow single-photon transition lines as featured by alkaline-earth metals or atomic species with similar electronic configuration. Despite their similarity, these species differ in key parameters such as abundance of isotopes, atomic flux, density and temperature regimes, achievable expansion rates, density limitations set by interactions, as well as technological and operational requirements. In this study, we compare viable candidates for gravitational wave detection with atom interferometry, contrast the most promising atomic species, identify the relevant technological milestones and investigate potential source concepts towards a future gravitational wave detector in space.
Morphological Ossicles of Sea Cucumber Paracaudina australis from Kenjeran Waters, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Widianingsih Widianingsih , Hartati Retno , Zainuri Muhammad , Anggoro Sutrisno , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti , Mahendrajaya Robertus Triaji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This research aims to study morphological ossicles of sea cucumber Paracaudina australis which belongs to Ordo Molpadida and Family Caudinidae. Samples P australis were taken randomly from the Kenjeran Waters, Surabaya. Samples P. australis were preserved by alchohol 96% for studying ossicles. According the research result, the types of ossicles in dorsal and ventral were dominated by button, rod and eyeglasses shape. In the dorsal tissue and ventral tissue, there are no rod shape bone. Calcarious ring of P. australis conssists of 16 radial shapes and 12 interradial shapes. Ossicles shapes in the anterior tissue are more variety than in the posterior tissue. Its conclude that the eyeglasses shape and number 8 shape are dominant in all of tissue P. autralis.
Rendezvous of a continuous low-thrust cubesat with a satellite*
Authors: El Mabsout Badaoui , Claudé Pierre , Dudeck Michel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We give in this paper a new method optimizing continuously the direction of a low continuous thrust to have rendezvous of a cubesat with a given satellite. We study the rendezvous of a cubesat B, with a satellite A, on an elliptic orbit around the Earth. The cubesat B, with 3 kg mass and low-thrust motor, is on a circular orbit around the Earth. The rendezvous is obtained by making the coincidence between the angular momentum vector and the eccentricity vector of B respectively with those of A, then by adjusting the position of B, at the initial instant of thrusting or by convenient choice of this instant. The thrust acceleration is supposed to be constant. The thrust is continuous and its direction is continuously oriented to optimize the time necessary to make the coincidence between the two orbits. A numerical application is given where A is the satellite ‘Almasat-1’.
A link between heritable parasite resistance and mate choice in dung beetles
Authors: Buzatto Bruno A , Kotiaho Janne S , Assis Larissa A F , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: May 2019

AbstractParasites play a central role in the adaptiveness of sexual reproduction. Sexual selection theory suggests a role for parasite resistance in the context of mate choice, but the evidence is mixed. The parasite-mediated sexual selection (PMSS) hypothesis derives a number of predictions, among which that resistance to parasites is heritable, and that female choice favors parasite resistance genes in males. Here, we tested the PMSS hypothesis using the dung beetle Onthophagus taurus, a species that can be heavily parasitized by Macrocheles merdarius mites, which are known to affect adult survival. We investigated the heritability of resistance to M. merdarius, as well as whether female O. taurus impose a mating bias against males susceptible to mite infestation. Female choice for parasite resistance is difficult to disentangle from the possibility that females are simply choosing less parasitized males due to naturally selected benefits of avoiding contracting those parasites. This is especially likely for ectoparasites, such as mites. We tackled this problem by performing a mate choice trial first, and then measuring a male’s resistance to mite infestation. Resistance to mite infestation exhibited significant levels of additive genetic variance. Although we found no relationship between mating success and parasite resistance, males with greater resistance to infestation mated for longer. If females control copula duration, given that short copulations often result in mating failure, female choice could act on parasite resistance.
Geographical variation in Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris L., 1758) mandibles and the issue of subspecies-level organization: a failure of history?
Authors: Marr Melissa M , MacLeod Norman 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSciurus vulgaris is a widespread, highly polytypic tree squirrel species, under which a large number of subspecies have been described. This study tests the robustness of the current subspecific classification by using geometric morphometrics to quantify morphological variation in mandible shape, along with canonical variates analysis to test hypotheses of morphological distinctiveness. Patterns of mandible allometry were examined in eight out of 16 currently recognized subspecies. The significance of the discriminate functions was tested statistically, and the iterative jackknife procedure was applied to evaluate stability of the subspecies-specific discriminant functions. Applying criteria that focus on shape diagnosability, rather than mean group differences, indicates that most regional subspecific groupings show intergradations and continuity in mandible shape and size and that allometric effects on mandible shape are negligible. Evidence of a distinct subspecies confined to the Iberian Peninsula (Sciurus vulgaris infuscatus) and a discrete group originating from an extinct, 19th century population in Dorset, UK were identified based on these mandibular data. All other regional subspecific groupings were not diagnosably different. These results suggest that most red squirrel subspecies might represent non-diagnosable morphological variants whose taxonomic validity seems doubtful. More generally, our results highlight the importance of applying objective, quantitative and reproducible criteria to the issue of subspecies delimitation.
Body mass index and body composition in relation to 14 cardiovascular conditions in UK Biobank: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Larsson Susanna C , Bäck Magnus , Rees Jessica M B , Mason Amy M , Burgess Stephen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
The causal role of adiposity for several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is unclear. Our primary aim was to apply the Mendelian randomization design to investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI) with 13 CVDs and arterial hypertension. We also assessed the roles of fat mass and fat-free mass on the same outcomes.

Methods and results
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BMI and fat mass and fat-free mass indices were used as instrumental variables to estimate the associations with the cardiovascular conditions among 367 703 UK Biobank participants. After correcting for multiple testing, genetically predicted BMI was significantly positively associated with eight outcomes, including and with decreasing magnitude of association: aortic valve stenosis, heart failure, deep vein thrombosis, arterial hypertension, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary embolism. The odds ratio (OR) per 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI ranged from 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.11; P = 2.6 × 10−3] for pulmonary embolism to 1.13 (95% CI 1.05–1.21; P = 1.2 × 10−3) for aortic valve stenosis. There was suggestive evidence of positive associations of genetically predicted fat mass index with nine outcomes (P &lt; 0.05). The strongest magnitude of association was with aortic valve stenosis (OR per 1 kg/m2 increase in fat mass index 1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.88; P = 3.9 × 10−3). There was suggestive evidence of inverse associations of fat-free mass index with atrial fibrillation, ischaemic stroke, and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that higher BMI and particularly fat mass index are associated with increased risk of aortic valve stenosis and most other cardiovascular conditions.
Extent and spatial distribution of left atrial arrhythmogenic sites, late gadolinium enhancement at magnetic resonance imaging, and low-voltage areas in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: comparison of imaging vs. electrical parameters of fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Chen Juan , Arentz Thomas , Cochet Hubert , Müller-Edenborn Björn , Kim Steven , Moreno-Weidmann Zoraida , Minners Jan , Kohl Peter , Lehrmann Heiko , Allgeier Juergen , Trenk Dietmar , Hocini Meleze , Jais Pierre , Haissaguerre Michel , Jadidi Amir 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsAtrial fibrosis contributes to arrhythmogenesis in atrial fibrillation and can be detected by MRI or electrophysiological mapping. The current study compares the spatial correlation between delayed enhancement (DE) areas to low-voltage areas (LVAs) and to arrhythmogenic areas with spatio-temporal dispersion (ST-Disp) or continuous activity (CA) in atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods and resultsSixteen patients with persistent AF (nine long-standing) underwent DE-magnetic resonance imaging (1.25 mm × 1.25 mm × 2.5 mm) prior to pulmonary vein isolation. Left atrial (LA) voltage mapping was acquired in AF and the regional activation patterns of 7680 AF wavelets were analysed. Sites with ST-Disp or CA were characterized (voltage, duration) and their spatial relationship to DE areas and LVAs <0.5 mV was assessed. Delayed enhancement areas and LVAs covered 55% and 24% (P < 0.01) of total LA surface, respectively. Delayed enhancement area was present at 61% of LVAs, whereas low voltage was present at 28% of DE areas. Most DE areas (72%) overlapped with atrial high-voltage areas (>0.5 mV). Spatio-temporal dispersion and CA more frequently co-localized with LVAs than with DE areas (78% vs. 63%, P = 0.02). Regional bipolar voltage of ST-Disp vs. CA was 0.64 ± 0.47 mV vs. 0.58 ± 0.51 mV. All 28 ST-Disp and 56 CA areas contained electrograms with prolonged duration (115 ± 14 ms) displaying low voltage (0.34 ± 0.11 mV).ConclusionA small portion of DE areas and LVAs harbour the arrhythmogenic areas displaying ST-Disp or CA. Most arrhythmogenic activities co-localized with LVAs, while there was less co-localization with DE areas. There is an important mismatch between DE areas and LVAs which needs to be considered when used as target for catheter ablation.
Low Dose of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Alleviated Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis, Mediated by CD169+ Macrophage Pathway
Authors: Xia Yuan , Tian Ling-min , Liu Yu , Guo Kang-Shun , Lv Min , Li Qiu-Ting , Hao Sheng-Yu , Ma Chun-Hong , Chen Yao-Xing , Tanaka Masato , Bai Wei-bin , Qiu Chun-Hong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease of the intestinal tract in which excessive activation of inflammatory response is correlated. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) is a powerful anti-inflammatory agent, widely existing in fruits and vegetables. However, the role of C3G has rarely been investigated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced colitis.

Methods
In an attempt to elucidate the possible mechanism of IBD and develop new efficient therapeutic methods for colitis, we evaluated the effects of C3G on DSS-induced colitis. DSS-induced colitic C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneal injected with 1ug C3G or phosphate buffer every 2 days, a total of 3 times; the changes in macrophages and regular T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Cytokines and chemokines were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The results showed that C3G treatment did not cause changes in body weight and colon length as much as those of DSS-treated mice only. Cytokine expression levels such as interleukin (IL)- 6, IL-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ (IFN γ) in colons and mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) from C3G-treated mice were lower than those from colitic mice. Meanwhile, C3G injection inhibited the decrease in CCL22 levels and Tregs induction in colitic mice. Furthermore, the activation of macrophages by LPS and increase of CD169+ cells induced by type I IFN could be inhibited by C3G directly in vitro.

Conclusions
The study is the first to demonstrate strong effects of C3G to alleviate DSS-induced colonic damage in mice. The effect of C3G on DSS-induced colitis clearly showed a decrease of CD169+ macrophages in both the colon and mLNs. An increase of CD169+ cells induced by type I IFN could be inhibited by C3G. All these data suggest that the role of C3G in colitic inflammation was mediated at least partially by CD169+ cells and the type I IFN pathway.
Von Uexküll Revisited: Addressing Human Biases in the Study of Animal Perception
Authors: Caves Eleanor M , Nowicki Stephen , Johnsen Sönke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMore than 100 years ago, the biologist Jakob von Uexküll suggested that, because sensory systems are diverse, animals likely inhabit different sensory worlds (umwelten) than we do. Since von Uexküll, work across sensory modalities has confirmed that animals sometimes perceive sensory information that humans cannot, and it is now well-established that one must account for this fact when studying an animal’s behavior. We are less adept, however, at recognizing cases in which non-human animals may not detect or perceive stimuli the same way we do, which is our focus here. In particular, we discuss three ways in which our own perception can result in misinformed hypotheses about the function of various stimuli. In particular, we may (1) make untested assumptions about how sensory information is perceived, based on how we perceive or measure it, (2) attribute undue significance to stimuli that we perceive as complex or striking, and (3) assume that animals divide the sensory world in the same way that we as scientists do. We discuss each of these biases and provide examples of cases where animals cannot perceive or are not attending to stimuli in the same way that we do, and how this may lead us to mistaken assumptions. Because what an animal perceives affects its behavior, we argue that these biases are especially important for researchers in sensory ecology, cognition, and animal behavior and communication to consider. We suggest that studying animal umwelten requires integrative approaches that combine knowledge of sensory physiology with behavioral assays.
Risk to Nonparticipants in HIV Remission Studies With Treatment Interruption: A Symposium
Authors: Eyal Nir , Deeks Steven G 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEthical guidelines and recommendations for human subjects research typically focus on protecting the individuals who directly participate in that research. However, additional people, including sex partners of research participants, can also face harms and burdens from medical studies. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure–related research, a persistent ethical and practical challenge surrounds the use of analytical antiretroviral treatment interruptions. The challenge is usually discussed in relation to risks to study participants, but serious dangers accrue to nonparticipants, including sex partners of study participants. This multidisciplinary supplement relays the risks for nonparticipating sex partners in HIV cure–related studies and addresses the ethical dilemmas raised by these studies, with recommendations for researchers, advocates, sponsors, and oversight bodies.
The importance of health insurance claims data in creating learning health systems: evaluating care for high-need high-cost patients using the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORNet)
Authors: Smith Maureen A , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary S , Yu Menggang , Wang Xinyi , Nordby Peter A , Vogeli Christine , Jaffery Jonathan , Metlay Joshua P 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objective
Case management programs for high-need high-cost patients are spreading rapidly among health systems. PCORNet has substantial potential to support learning health systems in rapidly evaluating these programs, but access to complete patient data on health care utilization is limited as PCORNet is based on electronic health records not health insurance claims data. Because matching cases to comparison patients on baseline utilization is often a critical component of high-quality observational comparative effectiveness research for high-need high-cost patients, limited access to claims may negatively affect the quality of the matching process. We sought to determine whether the evaluation of programs for high-need high-cost patients required claims data to match cases to comparison patients.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study design with multiple measures of before-and-after health care utilization for 1935 case management patients and 3833 matched comparison patients aged 18 years and older from 2011 to 2015. EHR and claims data were extracted from 3 health systems participating in PCORNet.

Results
Without matching on claims-based health care utilization, the case management programs at 2 of 3 health systems were associated with fewer hospital admissions and emergency visits over the subsequent 12 months. With matching on claims-based health care utilization, case management was no longer associated with admissions and emergency visits at those 2 programs.

Discussion
The results of a PCORNet-facilitated evaluation of 3 programs for high-need high-cost patients differed substantially depending on whether claims data were available for matching cases to comparison patients.

Conclusions
Partnering with learning health systems to rapidly evaluate programs for high-need high-cost patients will require that PCORNet facilitates comprehensive and timely access to both electronic health records and health insurance claims data.