bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially resolved diffuse imaging for high‐speed depth estimation of jet injection
Authors: Brennan Kieran A. , Ruddy Bryan P. , Nielsen Poul M. F. , Taberner Andrew J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the use of spatially resolved diffuse imaging to track a fluid jet delivered at high speed into skin tissue. A jet injector with a short needle to deliver drugs beneath the dermis, is modified to incorporate a laser beam into the jet, which is ejected into ex vivo porcine tissue. The diffuse light emitted from the side and top of the tissue sample is recorded using high‐speed videography. Similar experiments, using a depth‐controlled fiber optic source, generate a reference dataset. The side light distribution is related to source depth for the controlled‐source experiments and used to track the effective source depth of the injections. Postinjection X‐ray images show agreement between the jet penetration and ultimate light source depth. The surface light intensity profile is parameterized with a single parameter and an exponential function is used to relate this parameter to source depth for the controlled‐source data. This empirical model is then used to estimate the effective source depth from the surface profile of the injection experiments. The depth estimates for injections into fat remain close to the side depth estimates, with a root‐mean‐square error of 1.1 mm, up to a source depth of 8 mm.
Long noncoding RNA (MEG3) in urinal exosomes functions as a biomarker for the diagnosis of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC)
Authors: Liu Fei , Chen Yuedong , Liu Rongfu , Chen Bin , Liu Chunxiao , Xing Jinchun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptor‐7 (TLR7) is functionally involved in the pathogenesis of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis (HIC). In addition, maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is implicated in many urethral diseases. In this study, we aimed to verify the hypothesis that exosomal MEG3 in urine can be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for HIC.MethodsElectron microscopy was utilized to observe the distribution of urinary exosomes between the case group and the control group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was utilized to compare the diagnostic values of MEG3 and miR‐19a‐3p. Computational analysis and luciferase assay were conducted to identify the correlation between MEG3 and miR‐19a‐3p as well as between TLR7 and miR‐19a‐3p. In addition, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to establish the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of HIC.ResultsWhen age and gender distributions are excluded, urinary exosomes were equally distributed between case and control groups. The area under the curve of MEG3 was larger than that of miR‐19a‐3p, indicating that MEG3 has a better value in the diagnosis of HIC. In addition, patients with HIC showed elevated MEG3 expression and inhibited miR‐19a‐3p expression, thus establishing a negative correlation between MEG3 and miR‐19a‐3p. MEG3 and TLR7 were both identified as targets of miR‐19a‐3p, establishing a MEG3/miR‐19a‐3p/TLR7 signaling pathway, in which MEG3 enhances the expression of TLR7 via inhibiting the expression of miR‐19a‐3p.ConclusionMEG3 level was upregulated in patients with HIC. In addition, MEG3 downregulated miR‐19a‐3p expression while upregulating TLR7 expression. Furthermore, MEG3 contributes to the pathogenesis of HIC. Therefore, exosomal MEG3 in urine can be used as a biomarker for HIC diagnosis.
MiR‐1827 functions as a tumor suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma by targeting MYC and FAM83F
Authors: Fan Gongchun , Xu Peng , Tu Peng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe bioactivity of microRNA‐1827 (miR‐1827) in lung adenocarcinoma cells would be explored. The expression level of gene and miR‐1827 in 76 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent counterparts were analyzed by a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Primary lung adenocarcinoma cells were derived from patients’ tissues. These cells were treated with miR‐1827 agomir to mimic the upregulation of endogenous miR‐1827. The malignant degree of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro was evaluated by cell proliferation, colony formation, transwell invasion, and apoptosis assays. Western blot analysis was used to observe the transition of lung adenocarcinoma cells from epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal. Target genes of miR‐1827 were predicted by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the interaction between miR‐1827 and candidate messenger RNAs was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay and AGO2‐RNA immunoprecipitation. Besides, the effect of miR‐1827 on tumors was verified by in vivo experiments. Transient gene overexpression was achieved by plasmids transfection. In this study, we found that the expression of miR‐1827 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and its low expression was significantly correlated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis of patients. miR‐1827 overexpression remarkably reduced the malignancy of primary lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. MYC and FAM83F were identified as two targeted genes of miR‐1827 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The levels of these two genes were upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, and their high expression was significantly associated with the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and poor prognosis of patients. Overexpression of MYC or FAM83F attenuated the effects of miR‐1827 on primary lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that miR‐1827 inhibited tumor growth by reducing the levels of MYC and FAM83F. In conclusion, miR‐1827 might repress the development of lung adenocarcinoma by targeting oncogenic genes MYC and FAM83F.
Reflections from novice youth participatory action researchers: Emphasis on critical gender perspectives
Authors: Pech Alexandria S. , Valencia Bryant G. , Romero Andrea J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRooted in multiracial feminist theory, this research investigated the roles of adults engaged in youth participatory action research (YPAR) projects focused on developing critical perspectives of gender, power, and critical hope with the youth of color. Across 10 weeks, two novice adult facilitators documented ethnographic observations (i.e., voice memos) of their experiences collaborating with youth in YPAR. Voice memos were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. Our findings highlight how we deconstructed adultism, prioritized humanizing youth, and integrated critical gender perspectives to understand gender as a mechanism of systemic oppression. Our purpose was to capture moments of breakthroughs, realizations, and tensions as scholars contending with inexperience in YPAR and share our journey with other researchers interested in YPAR. We provide recommendations for adults to develop pathways towards humanity for the youth of color, collective resistance and take social justice action steps towards a critically hopeful future.
Quality of collaboration within health promotion partnerships: Impact on sense of community, empowerment, and perceived projects' outcomes
Authors: Cicognani Elvira , Albanesi Cinzia , Valletta Luana , Prati Gabriele 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommunity coalitions or intersectoral partnerships have long been advocated for the promotion of population health. In the present study, we assessed the quality of the functioning of health promotion partnerships created within a large community health promotion program implemented by the Emilia‐Romagna region located in the north‐east of Italy (2014–2016). In particular, we aimed to test the effectiveness of partnership working in strengthening participants' empowerment, sense of community and ultimately, the outcomes of a well‐functioning partnership, conceptualized as including perceived effectiveness of health promotion interventions developed by the partnership, trust in their implementation and personal commitment in health promotion in the future. Participants were 238 stakeholders (e.g., health professionals, representatives of local administrations, teachers, representative of community and volunteer organizations, and citizens) formally included in six partnerships lead by six major local health services. Using Bayesian structural equation modeling, we found that a higher perceived quality of collaboration within the partnership enhances the outcomes of a well‐functioning partnership, by strengthening their sense of a health‐promoting community and empowerment. Sense of community responsibility did not predict future commitment in health promotion. The study findings suggest that community members' ownership and feeling of responsibility, as well as empowerment constitute positive partnership processes.
MicroRNAs: Small molecules with a large impact on pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Hemmatzadeh Maryam , Shomali Navid , Yousefzadeh Yousef , Mohammadi Hamed , Ghasemzadeh Aliyeh , Yousefi Mehdi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs critical mediators in biological processes, microRNAs (miRNAs) which are small and endogenous noncoding RNAs have been associated with disease progression, cell proliferation, and development. Pre‐eclampsia (PE), a pregnancy‐related disorder with no early markers or symptoms is recognized as the main reason for fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity in the initial steps or even during pregnancy, worldwide. Clinical symptoms usually appear in the third trimester of the pregnancy. Although numerous research have unraveled several aspects of placenta development abnormalities associated with abnormal trophoblastic invasion and angiogenesis modification, many questions about the PE pathogenesis remains unanswered. A large number of studies have shown the important role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in the PE prognosis and diagnosis. Here, the latest investigations about the PE and placental miRNAs expression, as well as, the crucial role of miRNA molecules including miR‐210 and miR‐155 which are deregulated in patients with PE, will be argued.
HIV testing services in healthcare facilities in South Africa: a missed opportunity
Authors: Mabuto Tonderai , Hansoti Bhakti , Kerrigan Deanna , Mshweshwe‐Pakela Nolundi , Kubeka Griffiths , Charalambous Salome , Hoffmann Christopher 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSouth Africa (SA) has the world's highest burden of HIV infection (approximately 7.2 million), yet it is estimated that 23.5% women and 31.5% of men are unaware that they are living with HIV. The 2015 national South African HIV testing guidelines mandate the universal offer of HIV testing services (HTS) in all healthcare facilities.MethodsA multi‐prong approach was used from January 2017 to June 2017 to evaluate the current implementation of HTS in ten facilities in the Ekurhuleni District of SA. First, we conducted patient exit interviews to quantify engagement in HTS services. Second, we systematically mapped the flow of individual patients through the clinic.ResultsWe conducted a total of 2989 exit interviews and followed 568 patients for value stream mapping. Overall self‐reported testing acceptance was high at 84.7% (244), but <10% of the patients (288) were offered testing. Female patients were more likely to be offered testing (233/2046, 11.4% vs. 55/943, 5.8% in males; chi‐square p < 0.005), and also more likely to accept testing (203/233, 87.1% vs. 41/55, 74.6% in males; chi‐square p = 0.02). Value stream mapping revealed that patients offered HIV testing had a total visit time of 51 minutes more (95% CI: 30‐72) compared to those not offered testing.ConclusionsThe poor delivery of HTS appears to be due to a failure to recommend HTS and the added time burden placed on those accepting testing. There were significant differences in both the offer and acceptance of testing by gender. Health system issues need to be addressed to improve HTS delivery.
Genomic instability of TnSMU2 contributes to Streptococcus mutans biofilm development and competence in a cidB mutant
Authors: Turner Matthew E. , Huynh Khanh , Carney O’neshia V. , Gross Dennis , Carroll Ronan K. , Ahn Sang‐Joon , Rice Kelly C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is a key pathogenic bacterium in the oral cavity and a primary contributor to dental caries. The S. mutans Cid/Lrg system likely contributes to tolerating stresses encountered in this environment as cid and/or lrg mutants exhibit altered oxidative stress sensitivity, genetic competence, and biofilm phenotypes. It was recently noted that the cidB mutant had two stable colony morphologies: a “rough” phenotype (similar to wild type) and a “smooth” phenotype. In our previously published work, the cidB rough mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative stress, and RNAseq identified widespread transcriptomic changes in central carbon metabolism and oxidative stress response genes. In this current report, we conducted Illumina‐based genome resequencing of wild type, cidB rough, and cidB smooth mutants and compared their resistance to oxidative and acid stress, biofilm formation, and competence phenotypes. Both cidB mutants exhibited comparable aerobic growth inhibition on agar plates, during planktonic growth, and in the presence of 1 mM hydrogen peroxide. The cidB smooth mutant displayed a significant competence defect in BHI, which was rescuable by synthetic CSP. Both cidB mutants also displayed reduced XIP‐mediated competence, although this reduction was more pronounced in the cidB smooth mutant. Anaerobic biofilms of the cidB smooth mutant displayed increased propidium iodide staining, but corresponding biofilm CFU data suggest this phenotype is due to cell damage and not increased cell death. The cidB rough anaerobic biofilms showed altered structure relative to wild type (reduced biomass and average thickness) which correlated with decreased CFU counts. Sequencing data revealed that the cidB smooth mutant has a unique “loss of read coverage” of ~78 kb of DNA, corresponding to the genomic island TnSMU2 and genes flanking its 3′ end. It is therefore likely that the unique biofilm and competence phenotypes of the cidB smooth mutant are related to its genomic changes in this region.
Discretization Approaches to Model Metal Cutting with Lagrangian, Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian and Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics formulations
Authors: Sridhar Praveen , de Payrebrune Kristin M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith significant technological growth and computing power it is possible to simulate metal cutting processes with different discretization techniques. Classically the Lagrangian or Eulerian finite element formulations are used to model metal cutting process. Lagrangian approach is accurate with it's representation of the domain boundary, but requires a re‐meshing procedure to avoid element distortions. Eulerian approach provides a steady state solution of the chip‐workpiece separation, however its limitation lies in the treatment of convective terms during motion. The Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian method can be used to combine the advantages of both methods and avoid the disadvantages. In the Lagrangian framework, use of a meshless technique– Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has its advantage in large strain deformation problems without the need for re‐meshing algorithms. This work compares the LAG, ALE and SPH approaches by modelling a turning process.
A single‐center experience using alemtuzumab, fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa as conditioning for transplantation in pediatric patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Authors: Bhatt Sima T. , Schulz Ginny , Hente Monica , Slater Ashley , Murray Lisa , Shenoy Shalini , Bednarski Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immune deficiency characterized by defective neutrophil function and increased risk of life‐threatening infections. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is curative for CGD, and conditioning regimen impacts transplant‐related outcomes. We report a single‐center prospective study (NCT01821781) of four patients with CGD transplanted using a reduced‐intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) containing alemtuzumab, fludarabine, melphalan, and thiotepa. Patients had early immune reconstitution with low incidence of infections. Disease‐free survival was 75% at a median of five years after transplant. This RIC regimen presents an alternative approach for transplant of patients with CGD who may not tolerate busulfan‐based conditioning.
Comparing ground‐based observations and a large‐eddy simulation of shallow cumuli by isolating the main controlling factors of the mass flux distribution
Authors: Sakradzija Mirjana , Klingebiel Marcus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe distribution of mass flux at the cloud base has long been thought to be independent of large‐scale forcing. However, recent idealized modelling studies have revealed its dependence on some large‐scale conditions. Such dependence makes it possible to isolate the observed large‐scale conditions, which are similar to those in large‐eddy simulations (LES), in order to compare the observed and modelled mass flux distributions. In this study, we derive for the first time the distribution of the cloud‐base mass flux among individual shallow cumuli from ground‐based observations at the Barbados Cloud Observatory (BCO) and compare it with the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) LES case study. The procedure of cloud sampling in LES mimics the pointwise measurement procedure at the BCO to provide a mass flux metric that is directly comparable with observations. We find a difference between the mass flux distribution observed during the year 2017 at the BCO and the distribution modelled by LES that is comparable to the seasonal changes in the observed distribution. This difference between the observed and modelled distributions is diminished and an extremely good match is found by subsampling the measurements under a similar horizontal wind distribution and area‐averaged surface Bowen ratio to those modelled in LES. This provides confidence in our observational method and shows that LES produces realistic clouds that are comparable to those observed in nature under the same large‐scale conditions. We also confirm that the stronger horizontal winds and higher Bowen ratios in our case study shift the distributions to higher mass flux values, which is coincident with clouds of larger horizontal areas and not with stronger updrafts.
Two‐sample test based on classification probability
Authors: Cai Haiyan , Goggin Bryan , Jiang Qingtang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRobust classification algorithms have been developed in recent years with great success. We take advantage of this development and recast the classical two‐sample test problem in the framework of classification. Based on the estimates of classification probabilities from a classifier trained from the samples, a test statistic is proposed. We explain why such a test can be a powerful test and compare its performance in terms of the power and efficiency with those of some other recently proposed tests with simulation and real‐life data. The test proposed is nonparametric and can be applied to complex and high‐dimensional data wherever there is a classifier that provides consistent estimate of the classification probability for such data.
Flammrichten normal‐ und hochfester Baustähle
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Schäfer Dirk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBedingt durch ein großes Parameterfeld und instationäre Temperatur‐ und Dehnungsverteilungen erscheint der Prozess des Flammrichtens relativ komplex. So basiert das Flammrichten bis heute insbesondere hinsichtlich der erzielbaren Verformungen eher auf – wenn auch plausiblen – Erfahrungswerten als auf ingenieurtechnischen Ansätzen. Hinsichtlich der Materialbeeinflussung existieren hingegen technische Regeln, die Festigkeits‐ und Zähigkeitseinbußen ausschließen sollen. Bei Einsatz hochfester Sorten verändern sich jedoch die Verhältnisse im Vergleich zu normalfesten Stählen, denn mit zunehmender Streckgrenze werden die erzielbaren Verformungen kleiner. Zum Ausgleich dieses Effekts werden oft höhere Temperaturen und Haltezeiten gewählt, was jedoch das Risiko einer Materialbeeinflussung erhöht. Für das Flammrichten hoch‐ und höchstfester Stähle sind also solche Konstellationen zu erforschen, die zu einem nach wie vor einfachen und sicheren Ergebnis führen. Dies zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag in zwei Teilen, indem er die werkstofftechnischen Mechanismen für das Flammrichten auch bei hohen Streckgrenzen klärt. Ausgehend davon werden Anwendungskorridore abgeleitet und Vorschläge für die Verbesserung bestehender Regeln gemacht.In diesem ersten Teil des Beitrags werden das Prinzip des Flammrichtens normal‐ und hochfester Stähle nebst den Zusammenhängen zwischen Thermodynamik, Metallurgie und Mechanik vorgestellt sowie anhand von Versuchen an Kleinproben die experimentelle und numerische Ermittlung des Wärmeeintrags und der Temperaturen gezeigt.Der zweite Teil widmet sich den Verformungen und Zwangsmomenten aus dem Flammrichtprozess, der Beeinflussung des Materials und zwei Beispielen zur Vorhersage der Ergebnisse aus dem Flammrichten.
Stahl – Baumaterial der Moderne
Authors: Werner Frank , Zimmermann Gerd 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDie Stahlbauweise durchlief in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jh. eine dynamische Entwicklung. Als erste der modernen Bauweisen musste sie auf vielen Gebieten wesentliche Grundlagen schaffen. Die vielfältigen Einsatzgebiete, wie Skelettbauten, unterschiedlichste Hallen‐ und Brückenkonstruktionen, Kuppeln, Maste, riesige Behälter u. v. m., verlangten nach sicheren, zuverlässigen und ökonomischen Lösungen bei höchst unterschiedlichen Anforderungen. Der Werkstoff Stahl hat der Moderne wesentliche Chancen eröffnet und diese Epoche eindrucksvoll geprägt.Die Erzeugung von Bessemerstahl (1855) und Siemens‐Martin‐Stahl (1865) bildete die Basis für entscheidende Fortschritte in der Qualität des Materials. Es begann die Massenerzeugung von Baustahl. Ende der 1930er‐Jahre war das grundlegende Sortiment der Baustähle geschaffen.Die Technologie der Stahlbearbeitung mit hydraulischen Scheren und Pressen mit über 1 000 t Druck erlaubte schon zum Ende des 19. Jh. eine sehr effektive Produktion. Nach der Jahrhundertwende fanden Autogenschneidbrenner, Pressluftwerkzeuge und elektrisch betriebene Werkzeuge rasch Eingang in den Herstellungsprozess. Der Stahlbau produzierte immer auf industrieller Grundlage. Das Nieten bildete die beherrschende Verbindungstechnik zum Ende des 19. Jh. In den 1920er‐Jahren begann sich die Schweißtechnik ernsthaft zu etablieren. Damit wurden neue, konstruktiv klare, material‐ und herstellungseffektive Details und Baugruppen möglich.