bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diachronic changes in craniofacial morphology among the middle–late Holocene populations from Hehuang region, Northwest China
Authors: He Letian , Liu Wu , Temple Daniel H. , Wang Minghui , Zhang Quanchao , von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study analyzes craniofacial shape variation in the Hehuang region of Northwest China within a population genetic framework, and takes a diachronic approach to explore the relationship betwee cultural discontinuity and biological continuity/discontinuity in the Hehuang region during the middle to late Holocene.Materials and methodsThe sample comprises 76 adult skulls from five archaeological sites, ranging from 4,500 to 1,530 BP. 3D geometric morphometrics, multivariate statistics, quantitative evolutionary genetic and biodistance analyses were performed to study the diachronic variation in craniofacial morphology. Analyses were performed on two cranial modules: the face and the cranial vault, across three major diachronic groups representing the late Neolithic (LNA), the Bronze Age (BA), and the Han‐Jin dynasty (HD).ResultsAverage regional FST for both cranial modules was low, indicating relatively greater variation within diachronic groups than among them. While the LNA and BA groups did not show any significant differences in facial and vault shape, significant craniofacial shape changes were detected between the BA and HD groups.DiscussionThe consistent craniofacial morphology during the LNA and the BA, and the shift in morphology between the BA and the HD indicates that cultural discontinuity does not always coincide with biological discontinuity. The Hehuang population evolved in situ with few changes, despite cultural and dietary changes, until the HD when migrations from the Central Plains are associated with extra‐local gene flow to the area.
North and south: A comprehensive analysis of non‐adult growth and health in the industrial revolution (AD 18th–19th C), England
Authors: Newman Sophie L. , Gowland Rebecca L. , Caffell Anwen C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveStark health inequalities exist in the present day between the North and South of England, with people in the South, overall, experiencing better health across a range of parameters (e.g., life expectancy and number of years spent in good health). Bioarchaeological studies of skeletal remains from cemeteries across this geographical divide have the ability to provide a temporal perspective on the etiology, longevity, and nature of this disparity.MethodsIn total 574 non‐adults (0–17 years) from six urban sites (c. AD 1711–1856) were analyzed from the North and South of England. Measurements of long bone length, cortical thickness, and vertebral dimensions were analyzed alongside both skeletal and dental palaeopathological data to assess patterns of disease and growth disruption between skeletal samples.ResultsThere were few significant differences in growth parameters between the six sites in relation to geographical location. However, the northern‐based sample Coach Lane (North Shields) demonstrated some of the highest rates of pathology, with metabolic disease being particularly prevalent.DiscussionNorthern and southern populations suffered alike from the detrimental environmental conditions associated with urban centers of the 18th–19th centuries. However, the elevated prevalence of vitamin D deficiency seen within the Coach Lane sample is indicative of a regionally specific risk that may be related to latitude, and/or the influence of particular industries operating in the North‐East.
Photoacoustic Imaging of Nanoparticle Transport in the Kidneys at High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Jiang Xingya , Du Bujie , Tang Shaoheng , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Zheng Jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNoninvasive monitoring of kidney elimination of engineered nanoparticles at high temporal and spatial resolution will not only significantly advance our fundamental understandings of nephrology on the nanoscale, but also aid in the early detection of kidney disease, which affects more than 10 % of the worldwide population. Taking advantage of strong NIR absorption of the well‐defined Au25(SG)18 nanocluster, photoacoustic (PA) imaging was used to visualize its transport in situ through the aorta to the renal parenchyma and its subsequent filtration into the renal pelvis at a temporal resolution down to 1 s. High temporal and spatial resolution imaging of Au25(SG)18 kidney elimination allowed the accurate quantification of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of individual kidneys in normal and pathological conditions, broadening the biomedical applications of engineered nanoparticles in preclinical kidney research.
Breaking Symmetry: A Quantitative Analysis of Facial Skeleton Disharmony in Children Born with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Santana Nicole , Starbuck John M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) occurs when craniofacial precursors fail to form or fuse properly during development. The aim of this retrospective, cross‐sectional investigation was to quantify directional asymmetry (DA) of the facial skeleton of children born with Veau Class IV nonsyndromic BCLP. To accomplish this goal, coordinate values of anatomical landmarks were acquired from three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomographic images of the craniofacial skeleton of middle‐ to late‐aged children born with BCLP and age‐ and sex‐matched controls and used to compare patterns of asymmetry variation. Multivariate analyses revealed different patterns of DA variation across samples and identified approximately 30% of DA measures as significantly different. Magnitudes of statistically significant linear distances differ in the craniofacial region, with most smaller DA differences located near the orbits and frontal bone, while larger differences were localized mostly to the midface, alveolar ridge, and nasal borders. Generally, areas of the craniofacial skeleton derived from the maxillary and nasal prominences demonstrated the highest magnitudes of DA. The methods and results presented will be useful to biomedical researchers when identifying the extent to which patients with BCLP diverge from typical developmental expectations. Quantifying DA and assessing local differences across the craniofacial complex can aid medical practitioners when developing treatments to improve BCLP surgical algorithms and outcomes. Anat Rec, 302:1726–1732, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Changes in immune responses of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner followed by feeding on Knotgrass, Polygonum persicaria agglutinin
Authors: Rahimi Vahid , Hajizadeh Jalil , Zibaee Arash , Sendi Jalal Jalali 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is no study implying the effect of plant lectins on insect immune elements in both challenged and non‐challenged conditions with entomopathogenic agents. Lectins may bind to immune receptors on the surface of insect hemocytes, thus inducing or even disabling common immune functions including hemocyte counts, nodulation/encapsulation, phenoloxidase activity, and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides. In the present study, effect of Polygonum persicaria L. agglutinin (PPA) on immune responses of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner was investigated by feeding artificial diet treated to the larvae. Subsequently hemocyte count and expression of some immune‐related genes were considered for analyses. The two groups of larvae including control and PPA‐treated (1%) were divided into four subgroups of intact, Tween‐80 injected, latex‐bead injected and Beauveria bassiana‐injected. Except for intact larvae, the highest numbers of total and differential hemocyte counts were recorded 12 hr postinjection, however, the PPA‐fed larvae showed a significantly lower hemocyte counts compared to control. The number of nodules in PPA‐fed larvae was significantly lower than control, but the injected larvae of both control and PPA showed the highest nodulation 24 hr postinjection. Although the highest activity of phenoloxidase was observed 12 and 24 hr postinjection but its activity significantly decreased in PPA‐fed larvae compared to control. Gene expression of antimicrobial peptides including attacin, cecropin, and peptidoglycan receptor proteins were significantly decreased in artificial diet‐fed larvae containing PPA and then injected by B. bassiana spores and latex bead compared to control. These results clearly indicate adverse effects of PPA on immune responses in H. armigera.
Carboxylic acid consumption and production by Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Conrady Marius , Lemoine Anja , Limberg Michael H. , Oldiges Marco , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum is well‐known as an industrial workhorse, most notably for its use in the bulk production of amino acids in the feed and food sector. Previous studies of the effect of gradients in scale‐down reactors with complex media disclosed an accumulation of several carboxylic acids and a parallel decrease of growth and product accumulation. This study, therefore, addresses the impact of carboxylic acids, for example, acetate and l‐lactate, on the cultivation of the cadaverine producing strain C. glutamicum DM1945Δact3:Ptuf‐ldcCopt and their potential role in scale up related performance losses. A fluctuating power input in shake flask and stirred tank cultivations with mineral salt was applied to mimic discontinuous oxygen availability.Results demonstrate, whenever sufficient oxygen was available, C. glutamicum recovered from previously occurring stressful conditions like an oxygen limiting phase. Reassimilation of acids was detected simultaneously. In cultures, which were supplemented with either acetate or l‐lactate, a rapid cometabolization of both acids in presence of glucose was observed, showing conversion rates of 7.8 and 3.8 mmol gcell dry weight−1 hr−1, respectively. Uptake of these acids was accompanied by increased oxygen consumption. Proteins related to oxidative stress response, glycogen synthesis, and the main carbon metabolism were found in altered concentrations under oscillatory cultivation conditions. (Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD012760). Virtually no impact on growth or product formation was observed. We conclude that the reduced growth and product formation in scale‐down cultivations when complex media was used is not caused by the accumulation of carboxylic acids.
The genomic mutation spectrums of breast fibroadenomas in Chinese population by whole exome sequencing analysis
Authors: Xie Shang‐Nao , Cai Yuan‐Jie , Ma Bo , Xu Yanting , Qian Peng , Zhou Juan‐Di , Zhao Fu‐Guang , Chen Jie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFibroadenomas (FAs) are the most common fibroepithelial lesions and the most common benign tumors of the breast in women of reproductive age. Although MED12 mutations, an overwhelming majority of all mutations, and some other gene mutations have been found in FAs, the genomic landscapes of FAs are still not completely clear and the genomic mutation spectrums of FAs in Chinese population remains unknown. Here, by performing whole exome sequencing of 12 FAs and the corresponding normal breast tissues in Chinese Han population, we observed the somatic and germline landscapes of genetic alterations. We identified 16 recurrently mutated genes with 37 nonsynonymous or frameshift somatic mutations and 27 recurrent somatic copy number variants (CNVs). In these mutated genes, MED12 was the most common in FAs, harboring 6 nonsynonymous/frameshift somatic mutations and 1 CNV. In addition, 6 germline mutations of tumor susceptibility genes in 5 FAs were identified and the tumor mutational burden of the 5 FAs was significantly higher than the other 7 FAs without germline mutations. This study provides genomic mutation spectrums of FAs in Chinese population and expand the genetic spectrum of FAs.
Overexpansion of older generation balloon expandable transcatheter heart valves: An ex‐vivo bench study
Authors: Sathananthan Janarthanan , Sellers Stephanie , Barlow Aaron , Hensey Mark , Landes Uri , Cheung Anson , Ye Jian , Alkhodair Abdullah , Blanke Philipp , Søndergaard Lars , Pibarot Phillippe , Wood David , Leipsic Jonathan , Webb John 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe SAPIEN 3 (S3) transcatheter heart valve (THV) can be over‐expanded beyond its labeled diameter. Overexpansion can be achieved with use of either a compliant or non‐compliant balloon. Objective data regarding the ability to over‐expand older generation balloon expandable valves are limited. We sought to assess the effects of over‐expanding the SAPIEN and SAPIEN XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) valve beyond labeled size (diameter) through an ex‐vivo bench study.Methods and resultsWe assessed SAPIEN and SAPIEN XT THVs, sized 23/26 mm and 23/26/29 mm, respectively. The SAPIEN THVs were explanted samples. Valves were expanded to nominal dimensions, and then incrementally overexpanded with balloons sized 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐mm larger than the recommended diameter. When an appropriate sized non‐compliant balloon was not available, a compliant balloon was utilized. Valves underwent visual and radiographic assessment of overexpansion.SAPIEN THVs with labeled size of 23 and 26 mm could be incrementally overexpanded to midvalve (MV) diameters of 26.7 and 27.4 mm, respectively. SAPIENT XT THVs with labeled size of 23, 26, and 29 mm could be incrementally overexpanded to MV diameters of 26.8, 28.3, and 28.8 mm, respectively. The desired degree of overexpansion was only achieved with use of non‐compliant balloons and not with compliant balloons. The outflow of the SAPIEN and SAPIEN XT had larger diameters than the MV and inflow of the THV.ConclusionOverexpansion of older generation SAPIEN and SAPIEN XT THVs is possible. Achieving the desired degree of overexpansion was only achieved with use of non‐compliant balloons. This has potential implications for the treatment of failed THVs.
Nitrogen‐Doped Hollow Carbonized Cotton Fully Covered with Trumpet‐Like Nanocarbons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Qian Ou , Lin Dou , Han Fangming 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCarbon materials obtained by carbonizing low‐cost natural materials tend to achieve a nearly solid original structure with a smaller specific surface area (SSA), which limits their application in electrochemical energy storage. In this work, by precisely controlling the heating rate and gas flow in the carbonization process, we successfully fabricated hollow carbonized cotton fibers fully covered with trumpet‐like nanocarbons (HCC@TNC) and the nitrogen‐doped product (N−HCC@TNC). N−HCC@TNC achieves a high SSA of 1477 m2 g−1 and specific capacitance of 381 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. Even at 400 A g−1, N−HCC@TNC still retains 77 % of the capacitance at 2 A g−1. Our approach to the hollow carbon fibers with surface trumpet‐like nanocarbons might provide a new way for carbonizing natural materials and low‐cost, high‐performance energy storage devices.
Internally Bridged Hückel Aromatic [46]Decaphyrins: (Doubly‐Twisted‐Annuleno)Doubly‐Twisted‐Annulene Variants
Authors: Soya Takanori , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInternally 3,3′‐biphenyl‐, 2,2′,5,5′‐bithiophene‐, and 2,5‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐bridged [46]decaphyrins were prepared. In addition to the global 46π‐conjugated circuits, the internal core‐modified [32]heptaphyrin‐ and [30]hexaphyrin moieties in 2,2′,5,5′‐bithiophene‐ and 2,5‐thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐bridged [46]decaphyrins also possess doubly twisted topologies (|Lk|=2) and are regarded as (doubly‐twisted‐annuleno)doubly‐twisted‐annulene variants. All these decaphyrins display distinct Hückel aromaticity owing to the global 46π‐electronic networks but the contributions of the local half circuits were almost negligible due to the perpendicular orientation of the bridges.
Clinical and molecular characterization of early‐onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Willauer Alexandra N. , Liu Yusha , Pereira Allan A. L. , Lam Michael , Morris Jeffrey S. , Raghav Kanwal P. S. , Morris Van K. , Menter David , Broaddus Russell , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Huh Winston , Overman Michael J. , Kopetz Scott , Loree Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is increasing in adults younger than 50 years. This study evaluated clinical and molecular features to identify those features unique to early‐onset CRC that differentiate these patients from patients 50 years old or older.MethodsBaseline characteristics were evaluated according to the CRC onset age with 3 independent cohorts. A fourth cohort was used to describe the impact of age on the consensus molecular subtype (CMS) prevalence.ResultsThis retrospective review of more than 36,000 patients with CRC showed that early‐onset patients were more likely to have microsatellite instability (P = .038), synchronous metastatic disease (P = .009), primary tumors in the distal colon or rectum (P < .0001), and fewer BRAF V600 mutations (P < .001) in comparison with patients 50 years old or older. Patients aged 18 to 29 years had fewer adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35‐0.90; P = .015) and an increased prevalence of signet ring histology (OR, 4.89; 95% CI, 3.23‐7.39; P < .0001) in comparison with other patients younger than 50 years. In patients younger than 40 years, CMS1 was the most common subtype, whereas CMS3 and CMS4 were uncommon (P = .003). CMS2 was relatively stable across age groups. Early‐onset patients with inflammatory bowel disease were more likely to have mucinous or signet ring histology (OR, 5.54; 95% CI, 2.24‐13.74; P = .0004) and less likely to have APC mutations (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07‐0.75; P = .019) in comparison with early‐onset patients without predisposing conditions.ConclusionsEarly‐onset CRC is not only distinct from traditional CRC: special consideration should be given to and further investigations should be performed for both very young patients with CRC (18‐29 years) and those with predisposing conditions. The etiology of the high rate of CMS1 in patients younger than 40 years deserves further exploration.
Changes in ecosystem services and an analysis of driving factors for China's Natural Forest Conservation Program
Authors: Huang Longsheng , Wang Bing , Niu Xiang , Gao Peng , Song Qingfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChina's Natural Forest Conservation Program (NFCP) is aimed at improving the fragile and unstable ecological environment and has become one of the largest ecological restoration programs in the world because of its enormous investment and effects. It is important to work out and strengthen new measures to overcome difficulties to promote more ecosystem services and human well‐being in the NFCP. This study focused on how to evaluate the ecosystem services change brought about by implementing the NFCP. Taking the key state‐owned forest areas in the Northeast and Inner Mongolia as the study area, we provide a basic overview of development and construct an evaluation index system and a distributed calculation method for the NFCP to analyze the implications of the NFCP on ecosystem services combined with multi‐source data coupling. An evaluation index system for NFCP ecosystem services was constructed. The system includes five ecological service functions and 12 evaluation indices. The trade‐off and/or synergistic analysis of ecosystem services were carried out. The regional characteristics and changes in the NFCP ecosystem services were emphasized. Although it has not been implemented for a long time, the NFCP has had a great impact on ecosystem services because it reduces soil and water losses, increases soil fertility, strengthens the forest carbon sink and helped the forest accumulate nutrients and purify the atmosphere. Socioeconomic factors affect the NFCP ecosystem services, such as the implementation area of NFCP, investment amount of NFCP, area ratio of nature reserves, and yield of tree stock volume. Policy drivers of the NFCP, changes in the economic structure and reductions in forest yield are the main factors affecting the change in NFCP ecosystem services. Although the NFCP has positively affected the society, the economy, and the ecological environment, it has also generated some problems, such as the improper management of forest resources, shortage of capital investment, staff transfer, etc. The social and economic problems will be transient with implementation of the NFCP, and the structural changes in forestry and agriculture may eventually benefit the forestry workers and other stakeholders.
Seasonal changes in light availability modify the temperature dependence of secondary production in an Arctic stream
Authors: Huryn Alexander D. , Benstead Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLight and temperature are key drivers of ecosystem productivity, but synchrony of their annual cycles typically obscures their relative influence. The coupling of annual light–temperature regimes also drives complementary seasonal cycles of energy supply (primary production) and demand (metabolism), perhaps promoting temporal stability in carbon (C) storage and food web production that may be difficult to discern in most ecosystems. Spring‐fed streams in the Arctic are subject to extreme annual fluctuations in light availability but have relatively stable water temperatures, which allows assessment of the independent effects of light and temperature. We used the unusual annual light and temperature regimes of Ivishak Spring, Alaska, USA (latitude 69° N, annual water temperature range ~4–7°C) to test predictions about the effect of light availability on consumer productivity with minimally confounding effects of temperature. We predicted that (1) annual patterns of secondary production would follow patterns of primary production, rather than temperature, due to organic C limitation during winter darkness when photosynthesis is effectively halted, (2) C limitation would propagate from primary producers upward through several trophic levels, (3) the lack of temperature dependence during winter darkness would be expressed as anomalous Arrhenius plots of growth rates indicating decoupled production‐temperature relationships, and (4) consumer diets would reflect C limitation during winter. As predicted, we found (1) lowest production by macroinvertebrates and Salvelinus malma (Dolly Varden char) at the lowest light levels rather than the lowest temperatures, (2) apparent winter C limitation propagated upward through three trophic levels, (3) anomalous Arrhenius plots indicating lack of temperature dependence of consumer growth rates during winter, and (4) lowest consumption of diatoms (by macroinvertebrates) and invertebrate prey (by S. malma) during winter. Together, these results indicate that light drives annual patterns of animal production in Ivishak Spring, with stable annual temperatures likely exacerbating C limitation of ectotherm metabolism during winter. The timing and severity of winter C limitation in this unusual Arctic‐spring food web highlight a fundamental role for light–temperature synchrony in matching energy supply with demand in most other ecosystem types, thereby conferring a measure of stability in the metabolism of their food webs over annual time scales.