bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Candida albicans among HIV Patients Presenting with Oral Thrush in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Thairu Yunusa, , Bob Ukonu, Agwu , Adeoye Aisha Mashood 
Published: July 2019

Background: Candida infections are known contributors to the high morbidity and mortality rates seen in HIV positive patients.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study was carried out at the Microbiology research laboratory, department of Medical Microbiology, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada. The population is made up of two hundred and ten (210) patients who presented with oral thrush between fifteen years and seventy years which comprises of 160 HIV seropositive and 50 non age and sex matched HIV seronegative patients. Culture, Microscopy and ELISA methods were used for isolation of Candida albicans. An interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire was used as the study tool.
Results: The mean age for the isolation of Candida albicans was 30 ± 18.7 years, with the highest proportion of isolates within the age range of 21-30 years accounting for 27.1% of the study population recruited and the lowest proportion of isolates being 41-50 years accounting for 8.0%. From the 210 subjects with Candida albicans in the study, one hundred and sixty (160) representing 76.2 were isolated from HIV seropositive clients and Candida albicans isolation rate among HIV seronegative population was 23.8%.
Conclusion: The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of using Grams reaction methods in the diagnosis of Candida albicans was 22.9%, 95.2% and 82.6%. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of using ELISA methods was 25.7%, 86.7% and 65.9%. In this study, there was preponderance of Candida albicans isolate among the young and the old in HIV seropositive patients but largely isolated from older patients among HIV seronegative patients.
Function Follows Form: Some Affinities Between Pure Icons, Hardcore Architecture and OOO
Authors: Deyong Sarah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSarah Deyong, an associate professor and director of the architecture programme at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, maps the complex relationships contemporary theorists and practitioners have with concepts of ‘form’, which can be traced back to previous avantgardes. She uses the work and publications of architectural collective WAI Think Tank as a microcosm of this complex discourse.
The Little Big Planet of Architectural Imagination: An Interview with NEMESTUDIO's Neyran Turan
Authors: Giamarelos Stylianos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInformed by the radical Italian groups of the 1960s and 1970s, NEMESTUDIO's work addresses all manner of urbanisms in our time of ‘Anthropocene’ geomorphology, global warming and the temporality of construction materials. Architect, historian and theorist Stylianos Giamarelos interviews the San‐Francisco‐based practice's co‐founder Neyran Turan to discover how the planetary scale of her thinking leads her back to the discipline of architecture and its history.
Play it Again: In Conversation with Architect Sam Jacob and Artist Pablo Bronstein
Authors: Butcher Matthew , Pearson Luke Caspar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchitecture and art are symbiotic disciplines. Architect Sam Jacob and artist Pablo Bronstein use tactics of performance, role play and enactment to both provoke and understand their individual practices. Robert Venturi and Aldo Rossi loom large as key influences in their expansive propositions. Guest‐Editors Matthew Butcher and Luke Caspar Pearson met with them in Bronstein's East London studio to discuss the meaning behind their use of historical architectural references within the development of their work.
Architecture Between the Panels: Comics, Cartoons and Graphic Narrative in the (New) Neo Avant‐Garde
Authors: Arana Luis Miguel Lus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAvant‐garde architects from the 1960s onwards drew numerous outside influences into the discipline, reshaping architecture's limits and communicative properties. Architect and researcher Luis Miguel Lus Arana, lecturer in History and Theory of Architecture at the University of Zaragoza in Spain, explores how comic books and cartoons were mobilised by groups such as Archigram, Ant Farm and Utopie to experiment with space and time. This discussion is accompanied by a specially commissioned comic by Lus Arana's alter ego, the cartoonist Klaus, charting this avant‐garde path from the experimental architecture of the mid‐20th century to the protagonists of today.
Application of Ti3C2 MXene Quantum Dots for Immunomodulation and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Rafieerad Alireza , Yan Weiang , Sequiera Glen Lester , Sareen Niketa , Abu‐El‐Rub Ejlal , Moudgil Meenal , Dhingra Sanjiv 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInflammation is tightly linked to tissue injury. In regenerative medicine, immune activation plays a key role in rejection of transplanted stem cells and reduces the efficacy of stem cell therapies. Next‐generation smart biomaterials are reported to possess multiple biologic properties for tissue repair. Here, the first use of 0D titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene quantum dots (MQDs) for immunomodulation is presented with the goal of enhancing material‐based tissue repair after injury. MQDs possess intrinsic immunomodulatory properties and selectively reduce activation of human CD4+IFN‐γ+ T‐lymphocytes (control 87.1 ± 2.0%, MQDs 68.3 ± 5.4%) while promoting expansion of immunosuppressive CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T‐cells (control 5.5 ± 0.7%, MQDs 8.5 ± 0.8%) in a stimulated lymphocyte population. Furthermore, MQDs are biocompatible with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived fibroblasts. Finally, Ti3C2 MQDs are incorporated into a chitosan‐based hydrogel to create a 3D platform with enhanced physicochemical properties for stem cell delivery and tissue repair. This composite hydrogel demonstrates increased conductivity while maintaining injectability and thermosensitivity. These findings suggest that this new class of biomaterials may help bridge the translational gap in material and stem cell‐based therapies for tissue repair and treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Novel Silver–Containing DNA Molecules
Authors: Fardian‐Melamed Natalie , Eidelshtein Gennady , Rotem Dvir , Kotlyar Alexander , Porath Danny 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe quest for a suitable molecule to pave the way to molecular nanoelectronics has been met with obstacles for over a decade. Candidate molecules such as carbon nanotubes lack the appealing trait of self‐assembly, while DNA seems to lack the desirable feature of conductivity. Silver‐containing poly(dG)–poly(dC) DNA (E‐DNA) molecules have recently been reported as promising candidates for molecular electronics, owing to the selectivity of their metallization, their thin and uniform structure, their resistance to deformation, and their maximum possible high conductivity. Ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of E‐DNA presents an elaborate high‐resolution morphology characterization of these unique molecules, along with a detailed depiction of their electronic level structure. The energy levels found for E‐DNA indicate a novel truly hybrid metal–molecule structure, potentially more conductive than other DNA‐based alternatives.
Adlayer‐Free Large‐Area Single Crystal Graphene Grown on a Cu(111) Foil
Authors: Luo Da , Wang Meihui , Li Yunqing , Kim Changsik , Yu Ka Man , Kim Yohan , Han Huijun , Biswal Mandakini , Huang Ming , Kwon Youngwoo , Goo Min , Camacho‐Mojica Dulce C. , Shi Haofei , Yoo Won Jong , Altman Michael S. , Shin Hyung‐Joon , Ruoff Rodney S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo date, thousands of publications have reported chemical vapor deposition growth of “single layer” graphene, but none of them has described truly single layer graphene over large area because a fraction of the area has adlayers. It is found that the amount of subsurface carbon (leading to additional nuclei) in Cu foils directly correlates with the extent of adlayer growth. Annealing in hydrogen gas atmosphere depletes the subsurface carbon in the Cu foil. Adlayer‐free single crystal and polycrystalline single layer graphene films are grown on Cu(111) and polycrystalline Cu foils containing no subsurface carbon, respectively. This single crystal graphene contains parallel, centimeter‐long ≈100 nm wide “folds,” separated by 20 to 50 µm, while folds (and wrinkles) are distributed quasi‐randomly in the polycrystalline graphene film. High‐performance field‐effect transistors are readily fabricated in the large regions between adjacent parallel folds in the adlayer‐free single crystal graphene film.
Toward Flexible Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Point‐of‐Care Diagnostics
Authors: Xu Kaichen , Zhou Rui , Takei Kuniharu , Hong Minghui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy provides a noninvasive and highly sensitive route for fingerprint and label‐free detection of a wide range of molecules. Recently, flexible SERS has attracted increasingly tremendous research interest due to its unique advantages compared to rigid substrate‐based SERS. Here, the latest advances in flexible substrate‐based SERS diagnostic devices are investigated in‐depth. First, the intriguing prospect of point‐of‐care diagnostics is briefly described, followed by an introduction to the cutting‐edge SERS technique. Then, the focus is moved from conventional rigid substrate‐based SERS to the emerging flexible SERS technique. The main part of this report highlights the recent three categories of flexible SERS substrates, including actively tunable SERS, swab‐sampling strategy, and the in situ SERS detection approach. Furthermore, other promising means of flexible SERS are also introduced. The flexible SERS substrates with low‐cost, batch‐fabrication, and easy‐to‐operate characteristics can be integrated into portable Raman spectroscopes for point‐of‐care diagnostics, which are conceivable to penetrate global markets and households as next‐generation wearable sensors in the near future.
Transparent Omniphobic Coating with Glass‐Like Wear Resistance and Polymer‐Like Bendability
Authors: Zhang Kaka , Huang Shuaishuai , Wang Jiandong , Liu Guojun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTransparent omniphobic or anti‐smudge coatings with glass‐like wear resistance and polymer‐like bendability have many potential applications but there are no reports of such materials. We Report herein a molecular composite possessing these properties. The composite is prepared via the photo‐initiated ring‐opening polymerization of the epoxide rings of glycidyloxypropyl polyhedral silsesquioxane (GPOSS). While the desired hardness is provided by the silica core, the flexibility is imparted by the glycidyloxypropyl network. Oil and water repellency is achieved without adversely affecting the other properties by incorporating a low‐surface‐tension liquid lubricant poly(dimethyl siloxane). On the final coating, various organic solvents and water readily and cleanly glide, while complex fluids, such as ink and paint facilely contract. These properties are retained after an initially flat coating sample is rolled into a U‐shape 500 times or is abraded with steel wool.
Emerging Bottom‐Up Strategies for the Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons and Related Structures
Authors: Jolly Anthony , Miao Dandan , Daigle Maxime , Morin Jean‐François 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe solution‐phase synthesis is one of the most promising strategies for the preparation of well‐defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) in large scale. To prepare high quality, defect‐free GNRs, cycloaromatization reactions need to be very efficient, proceed without side reaction and mild enough to accommodate the presence of various functional groups. In this Minireview, we present the latest synthetic approaches for the synthesis of GNRs and related structures, including alkyne benzannulation, photochemical cyclodehydrohalogenation, Mallory and Pd‐ and Ni‐catalyzed reactions.
Anti‐Stokes Stress Sensing: Mechanochemical Activation of Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Photon Upconversion
Authors: Yildiz Deniz , Baumann Christoph , Mikosch Annabel , Kuehne Alexander J. C. , Herrmann Andreas , Göstl Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of methods to detect damage in macromolecular materials is of paramount importance to understand their mechanical failure and the structure–property relationships of polymers. Mechanofluorophores are useful and sensitive molecular motifs for this purpose. However, to date, tailoring of their optical properties remains challenging and correlating emission intensity to force induced material damage and the respective events on the molecular level is complicated by intrinsic limitations of fluorescence and its detection techniques. Now, this is tackled by developing the first stress‐sensing motif that relies on photon upconversion. By combining the Diels–Alder adduct of a π‐extended anthracene with the porphyrin‐based triplet sensitizer PtOEP in polymers, triplet–triplet annihilation photon upconversion of green to blue light is mechanochemically activated in solution as well as in the solid state.
Enhanced sulfur‐resistant methanation performance over MoO3–ZrO2 catalyst prepared by solution combustion method
Authors: Ullah Niamat , Qu Jianglei , Li Zhenhua 
Published: July 2019

Sulfur‐resistant methanation of syngas was studied over MoO3–ZrO2 catalysts at 400°C. The MoO3–ZrO2 solid‐solution catalysts were prepared using the solution combustion method by varying MoO3 content and temperature. The 15MoO3–ZrO2 catalyst achieved the highest methanation performance with CO conversion up to 80% at 400°C. The structure of ZrO2 and dispersed MoO3 species was characterized using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The energy‐dispersive spectrum of the 15MoO3–ZrO2 catalyst showed that the solution combustion method gave well‐dispersed MoO3 particles on the surface of ZrO2. The structure of the catalysts depends on the Mo surface density. It was observed that in the 15MoO3–ZrO2 catalyst the Mo surface density of 4.2 Mo atoms nm−2 approaches the theoretical monolayer capacity of 5 Mo atoms nm−2. The addition of a small amount of MoO3 to ZrO2 led to higher tetragonal content of ZrO2 along with a reduction of particle size. This leads to an efficient catalyst for the low‐temperature CO methanation process.
Control of large scale interconnected systems with input and state delays using decentralized adaptive state observers
Authors: Hashemipour Seyed Hamid , Vasegh Nastaran , Khaki Sedigh Ali 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of decentralized model reference adaptive control (MRAC) for a class of large scale interconnected systems with both state and input delays. The upper bounds of the interconnection terms are considered to be unknown. Time varying delays in the nonlinear interconnection terms are bounded and nonnegative continuous functions and their derivatives are not necessarily less than one. For exact prediction, a decentralized adaptive state observer is designed and a nested predictor based approach is established to predict the future states of the input delay compensation. It is shown that the solutions of uncertain large‐scale time‐delay interconnected systems converge uniformly exponentially to a desired small ball. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is illustrated by two examples.
Scenedesmus obliquusmicroalga‐based biorefinery – from brewery effluent to bioactive compounds, biofuels and biofertilizers – aiming at a circular bioeconomy
Authors: Ferreira Alice , Ribeiro Belina , Ferreira Ana F. , Tavares Marileide L. A. , Vladic Jelena , Vidović Senka , Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Melkonyan Lusine , Avetisova Gayane , Goginyan Vigen , Gouveia Luísa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe circular bioeconomy concept relies on the exploitation of wastes as a feedstock of different biotechnological processes to obtain, as much as possible, a huge spectrum of biochemical components through a biorefinery platform. This work deals with the treatment of brewery effluent through the cultivation ofScenedesmus obliquusmicroalga and the use of the biomass in a complex biorefinery. The treatment proved efficient in the removal of nutrients (N, P and COD removals of 88, 30 and 71% respectively). Several compounds and products were obtained from the biomass, such as: (a) phenols (0.249–1.016 mg GAE mL−1) and flavonoids (0.05–0.167 mg CE mL−1) by subcritical water extraction (SWE) at 120 °C, the extraction efficiency being five times higher at 200 °C; (b) biohydrogen by dark fermentation (67.1 mL H2gVS−1); (c) bio‐oil (64%), biochar (30%) and biogas (6%) by pyrolysis; and (d) enhanced capacity of germination/growth of wheat and barley seeds byS. obliquusculture and biomass (pellet, after centrifugation); better results were obtained with the biomass cultivated in brewery effluent (when compared with synthetic medium), and the biomass pellet was better than the whole culture; barley seeds treated with the pellet from the brewery effluent had the highest germination index (GI) of 85 compared with the control (tap water) GI of 35. The innovative study emphasis was on reducing microalgae production costs, providing environmental benefits in a biorefinery‐basedS. obliquusplatform. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Chromatin Architecture in the Fly: Living without CTCF/Cohesin Loop Extrusion?
Authors: Matthews Nicholas E. , White Rob 
Published: July 2019

The organization of the genome into topologically associated domains (TADs) appears to be a fundamental process occurring across a wide range of eukaryote organisms, and it likely plays an important role in providing an architectural foundation for gene regulation. Initial studies emphasized the remarkable parallels between TAD organization in organisms as diverse as Drosophila and mammals. However, whereas CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin loop extrusion is emerging as a key mechanism for the formation of mammalian topological domains, the genome organization in Drosophila appears to depend primarily on the partitioning of chromatin state domains. Recent work suggesting a fundamental conserved role of chromatin state in building domain architecture is discussed and insights into genome organization from recent studies in Drosophila are considered.
Power gains by using external information in clinical trials are typically not possible when requiring strict type I error control
Authors: Kopp‐Schneider Annette , Calderazzo Silvia , Wiesenfarth Manuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the era of precision medicine, novel designs are developed to deal with flexible clinical trials that incorporate many treatment strategies for multiple diseases in one trial setting. This situation often leads to small sample sizes in disease‐treatment combinations and has fostered the discussion about the benefits of borrowing of external or historical information for decision‐making in these trials. Several methods have been proposed that dynamically discount the amount of information borrowed from historical data based on the conformity between historical and current data. Specifically, Bayesian methods have been recommended and numerous investigations have been performed to characterize the properties of the various borrowing mechanisms with respect to the gain to be expected in the trials. However, there is common understanding that the risk of type I error inflation exists when information is borrowed and many simulation studies are carried out to quantify this effect. To add transparency to the debate, we show that if prior information is conditioned upon and a uniformly most powerful test exists, strict control of type I error implies that no power gain is possible under any mechanism of incorporation of prior information, including dynamic borrowing. The basis of the argument is to consider the test decision function as a function of the current data even when external information is included. We exemplify this finding in the case of a pediatric arm appended to an adult trial and dichotomous outcome for various methods of dynamic borrowing from adult information to the pediatric arm. In conclusion, if use of relevant external data is desired, the requirement of strict type I error control has to be replaced by more appropriate metrics.
Efficient Generation of Hydrazides in Proteins by RadA Split Intein
Authors: Liu Jun , Ekanayake Oshini , Santoleri Dominic , Walker Kelsi , Rozovsky Sharon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein C‐terminal hydrazides are useful for bioconjugation and construction of proteins from multiple fragments through native chemical ligation. To generate C‐terminal hydrazides in proteins, an efficient intein‐based preparation method has been developed by using thiols and hydrazine to accelerate the formation of the transient thioester intermediate and subsequent hydrazinolysis. This approach not only increases the yield, but also improves biocompatibility. The scope of the method has been expanded by employing Pyrococcus horikoshii RadA split intein, which can accommodate a broad range of extein residues before the site of cleavage. The use of split RadA minimizes premature intein N cleavage in vivo and offers control over the initiation of the intein N cleavage reaction. It is expected that this versatile preparation method will expand the utilization of protein C‐terminal hydrazides in protein preparation and modification.
Structure‐Guided Tuning of a Selectivity Switch towards Ribonucleosides in Trypanosoma brucei Purine Nucleoside 2′‐Deoxyribosyltransferase
Authors: Del Arco Jon , Mills Alberto , Gago Federico , Fernández‐Lucas Jesús 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of nucleoside 2′‐deoxyribosyltransferases (NDTs) as biocatalysts for the industrial synthesis of nucleoside analogues is often hindered by their strict preference for 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides. It is shown herein that a highly versatile purine NDT from Trypanosoma brucei (TbPDT) can also accept ribonucleosides as substrates; this is most likely because of the distinct role played by Asn53 at a position that is usually occupied by Asp in other NDTs. Moreover, this unusual activity was improved about threefold by introducing a single amino acid replacement at position 5, following a structure‐guided approach. Biophysical and biochemical characterization revealed that the TbPDTY5F variant is a homodimer that displays maximum activity at 50 °C and pH 6.5 and shows a remarkably high melting temperature of 69 °C. Substrate specificity studies demonstrate that 6‐oxopurine ribonucleosides are the best donors (inosine>guanosine≫adenosine), whereas no significant preferences exist between 6‐aminopurines and 6‐oxopurines as base acceptors. In contrast, no transferase activity could be detected on xanthine and 7‐deazapurines. TbPDTY5F was successfully employed in the synthesis of a wide range of modified ribonucleosides containing different purine analogues.