bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Typhoon Center Localization Using Geostationary Satellite Imagery
Authors: Zhou Yuxuan , Min Min , Li Jun , Cao Zhiqiang , Gao Ling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn accurate center localization in near real‐time is critical for tropical cyclone (TC) monitoring and forecasting. This study presents a robust algorithm for localizing typhoon centers using the Chinese geostationary (GEO) meteorological satellite. The results using the Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard Fengyun‐4A (FY‐4A) satellite data, achieving a mean absolute error (MAE) of 29.4 km across various typhoon intensities in the Western North Pacific, superior to other baseline methods. By harnessing the multi‐spectral imagery from the FY‐4A and incorporating an attention mechanism, it significantly boosts the deep learning convolutional neural network's ability to identify typhoon cloud features and their centers, even during their initial and weakest stages, which is laudable because these are the most difficult for center fixing even for human analysts. Remarkably, it requires just a single moment satellite imagery to locate the center of typhoon, enabling automated updates of the typhoon centers in near real‐time applications.
Heterogeneous Tarim Cratonic Crust Induced by a Mantle Plume and Its Effect on Later Tectonic Evolution Based on Multi‐Frequency Receiver Functions Imaging
Authors: Li Wentao , Wang Xu , Liang Xiaofeng , Zuo Sicheng , Li Shilin , Qu Chen , Tian Xiaobo , Chen Ling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt remains controversial whether the interaction between a mantle plume and a craton destabilizes or reinforces the craton. The Tarim basin, with a craton core, a Permian Large Igneous Province, and internal deformation, is an ideal place to investigate this interaction. Here, we construct high‐resolution S‐wave velocity structures down to 15 km in depth using multi‐frequency receiver functions from two temporary seismic arrays that largely cover the Tarim Basin. Our results reveal a strong velocity‐increasing discontinuity across the basin and several large‐scale high‐Vs anomalies. The discontinuity is flat at about 3.5 km depth in the majority of eastern Basin but is uplifted and folded to ∼3 km depth around the Bachu Uplift in the central‐western basin and depressed to more than 6 km depth in the northwestern and southwestern basin. The high‐Vs anomalies, with an average Vs of ∼3.4 km/s, are concentrated under this discontinuity around the Bachu Uplift. Analysis with drilling data, experimental rock‐physics data and previous geophysical observations indicates that the discontinuity corresponds to the top of early Permian strata, and the high‐Vs anomalies are the magmatic intrusions from the early Permian mantle plume. There is strong deformation around the Bachu Uplift formed during Cenozoic Indian‐Eurasian collision, exhibiting a strong spatial correlation with the Permian magmatic intrusions. This suggests that the western Tarim Craton, compared to the east, may be weakened in strength by the Permian mantle plume and exhibits more localized Cenozoic deformation.
Structural Controls on Megathrust Slip Behavior Inferred From a 3D, Crustal‐Scale, P‐Wave Velocity Model of the Alaska Peninsula Subduction Zone
Authors: Acquisto T. , Bécel A. , Canales J. P. , Beaucé E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn subduction zones, along‐strike and downdip variations in megathrust slip behavior are linked to changes in properties of the subducting and overriding plates. Although marine geophysical methods provide insights into subduction zone structures, most surveys consist of sparse 2D profiles, limiting our understanding of first‐order controls. Here, we use active‐source seismic data to derive a 3D crustal‐scale P‐wave velocity model of the Alaska Peninsula subduction zone that encompasses both plates and spans the Semidi segment and SW Kodiak asperity. Our results reveal modest variations within the incoming plate, attributed to a series of fracture zones, seamounts and their associated basement swell, collectively contributing to plate hydration. Basement swell appears to modulate the distribution and type of sediment entering the trench, likely impacting observed variations in slip behavior. The overriding plate exhibits significant heterogeneity. The updip limit and width of the dynamic backstop are similar between the SW Kodiak asperity and eastern Semidi segment, but differ significantly from the Western Semidi segment. These distinctions likely account for differences in earthquake rupture patterns and interseismic coupling among these segments. Additionally, high‐velocities in the mid‐lower forearc crust coincide with the location of megathrust slip during the Mw 8.2 2021 Chignik event. We interpret these velocities as intracrustal intrusions that contributed to the deep rupture of the 2021 event. Our findings suggest that the contrasting structural and material properties of both the incoming and overriding plates influence the spatially complex and semi‐persistent segmentation of the megathrust offshore the Alaska Peninsula.
Impact of Oversimplified Parameters on BVOC Emissions Estimation in China: A Sensitivity Analysis Using the WRF‐CLM4‐MEGAN Model
Authors: Shang Fang , Yin Lifei , Liu Mingxu , Liu Bing , Xu Tingting , Li Mengmeng , Cai Xuhui , Kang Ling , Zhang Hongsheng , Yue Xu , Song Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions estimation models are driven by various physical factors. Many studies use weather forecasting models coupled with simple BVOC emission algorithms, where the physical factors driving variations in emissions are largely oversimplified. This study employs the land surface scheme CLM4 (Community Land Model version 4) coupled in the advanced Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), and the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) algorithms embedded within CLM4, to quantify the effects of three simplified parameters on BVOC emission estimates in China. Our sensitivity analysis results show that the annual BVOC emissions estimated using 2‐m air temperature are about 48% lower than those estimated using leaf temperature in our study. Neglecting the shaded fraction of the canopy leads to a 1.7 times increase in total annual BVOC emissions compared to the separate treatment of sunlit and shaded leaves. Employing fixed values in the default WRF‐CLM4‐MEGAN results in a 51% reduction in total BVOC emissions in July compared to using dynamic weather history for the past few days. Each scenario is evaluated against field measurements, revealing that enhancing a single parameterization does not necessarily lead to improved model performance. Uncertainties from specific simplified parameters can be partially masked by other factors, and vice versa, which therefore pose limitations on overall model performance. Our findings highlight the non‐negligible impact of the three oversimplified parameters and their underlying physical processes on BVOC emission estimates, while also deepening the understanding of uncertainties in BVOC emission modeling.
Discovery of new AMR drugs targeting modulators of antimicrobial activity using in vivo silkworm screening systems
Authors: Tabuchi Fumiaki , Mikami Kazuhiro , Miyauchi Masanobu , Sekimizu Kazuhisa , Miyashita Atsushi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Global concerns about drug-resistant bacteria have underscored the need for new antimicrobial drugs. Emerging strategies in drug discovery include considering the third factors that influence drug activity. These factors include host-derived elements, adjuvants, and drug combinations, which are crucial in regulating antimicrobial efficacy. Traditional in vivo assessments have relied on animal models to study drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Alternative models, such as silkworms, are being explored to overcome the ethical and financial barriers associated with mammalian models. The silkworm has been proven effective in evaluating ADMET and in highlighting the therapeutic potential enhanced by third factors. Host factors (either mammalian or non-mammalian) enhance the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial agents such as lysocin E. Additionally, using d-cycloserine to potentiate vancomycin has successfully combated vancomycin-resistant infections in silkworms. Leveraging silkworms in drug discovery could establish a novel screening method incorporating interactions with third factors, whether host related or non-host-related, thus promising new pathways for identifying antimicrobial drugs with unique mechanisms of action.
Mapping global public perspectives on mRNA vaccines and therapeutics
Authors: Xu Jiaxiang , Wu Zhengdong , Wass Lily , Larson Heidi J. , Lin Leesa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development and rollout of mRNA vaccines during COVID-19 marked a significant advancement in vaccinology, yet public hesitation to vaccination was prevalent, indicating the potential risk that future mRNA-based medical innovations will fail to be adopted. Utilizing a combined approach of large language models with manual validation and unsupervised machine learning, we conducted a social listening analysis to assess attitudes towards mRNA vaccines and therapeutics on Twitter from June 2022 to May 2023, contrasting online perspectives with data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Our findings reveal widespread negative sentiment and a global lack of confidence in the safety, effectiveness, and trustworthiness of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics, with frequent discussions of severe vaccine side effects, rumors, and misinformation. This underscores the need for targeted communication strategies to foster acceptance of medical treatments and strengthen public trust in order to enhance societal resilience to future health challenges.
An investigation into the shifting landscape preferences of rural residents in Taiwan and their relationship with ecological indicators
Authors: Ning Fuer , Wang Hui , Chien Yu-Chen , Pan Haozhang , Ou Sheng-Jung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization has significantly altered landscape environments in both urban and rural regions, and these landscapes have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in human well-being. This study develops a coherent framework that integrates landscape change, landscape ecological indicators, and landscape preferences within the context of the evolving landscape environments of rural communities in Taiwan. Four distinct types of rural communities were selected, and a quantitative methodology was employed to investigate the variations and transformations in landscape preferences among rural residents in the context of landscape change. A qualitative methodology was employed to investigate the relationship between landscape ecological indicators and landscape preferences. The study’s findings indicate significant temporal variations in residents’ landscape preferences, with landscape beauty, stewardship, and coherence emerging as key determinants in the evaluation of these preferences. Landscape ecological indicators were found to be significantly correlated with variables such as landscape complexity, landscape beauty, openness, naturalness, and comprehensive landscape assessment. The findings of this study indicate that design planners, land managers, and public sector organizations can employ multidimensional thinking in the management of rural landscapes to align with the visual aesthetic preferences of rural residents.
Thermo-fluid characteristics and exergy analysis of a twisted tube helical coil
Authors: Abdelmagied Mahmoud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present investigation, the exergy of an innovative technique involving the integration of curved helical tubes with twisted passages was experimentally presented. This technique aims to improve the thermofluid characteristics by involving the swirl intensity of fluid flow in a twisted tube helical coil (TTHC). Six identical geometries with different pitch ratios
$$\Upsilon$$
of 36 mm, 54 mm, and ∞ (smooth/no twisted) were experimentally explored at two different inner tube profiles of triangular and square cross-sections in counter flow arrangements. The experimental runs were carried out at 10,300 ≤ Re

i
≤ 37,800 and 2400 ≤ Re

o
≤17,600 for both the inner and annulus fluids, respectively. The results showed that the Nusselt number, Nu, increased by 39.6% and 41.5% for triangular and square inner twisted cross-section profiles, respectively, at a
$$\it \Upsilon$$
of 36 mm at the expense of increasing f by 37.6% and 60.7%, respectively. The results also showed that the thermal performance factor reached 1.3 and 1.25 for a
$$\it \Upsilon$$
of 36 mm for the triangular and square inner twisted tube profiles, respectively. A comprehensive study is performed to analyze the TTHC from thermal, frictional, and exergetic viewpoints. New correlations for expecting the annulus Nu

o
and f

o
are presented.
Early life adversity blunts the subjective and physiological relaxation response in healthy adults
Authors: Gaertner Raphaela J. , Burkart Manuel , Richter Louisa , Schnell Pius , Finkhäuser Matthias , Klink Elea S. C. , Denk Bernadette F. , Meier Maria , Bentele Ulrike U. , Wienhold Stella , Kossmann Katharina E. , Pruessner Jens C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile Early Live Adversity (ELA) is a known risk factor for mental and physical diseases, the investigation into the mechanisms behind this connection is ongoing. In the present study, we investigated whether ELA blunts the relaxation response in healthy adults. Using a within-subjects design, we employed a paced breathing exercise (four seconds inhale, six seconds exhale) and a 360° nature video as relaxation interventions while measuring physiological relaxation using heart rate variability and subjective relaxation using the Relaxation State Questionnaire. A total of 103 participants (63.11% female; agemean = 22.73 ± 3.43 years) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to assess ELA retrospectively. For subjective relaxation, a blunted relaxation reaction was associated with lower scores of paternal care and higher scores of paternal overprotection, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional abuse. For heart rate variability emotional abuse in interaction with nicotine consumption was related to a blunted relaxation response. This indicates that experiencing ELA negatively affects the relaxation capability in a healthy sample and emphasizes the importance of assessing relaxation at a physiological and subjective level.
Transfer learning model for anomalous event recognition in big video data
Authors: Taha Roqaia Adel , Youssif Aliaa Abdel-Halim , Fouad Mohamed Mostafa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVideo surveillance faces challenges due to the need for improved anomalous event recognition techniques for human activity recognition. Growing security concerns make standard CCTV systems insufficient because of high monitoring costs and operator exhaustion. Therefore, automated security systems with real-time event recognition are essential. This research introduces a semantic key frame extraction algorithm based on action recognition to minimize frame volume big video data. This approach has not been previously applied with ResNet50, VGG19, EfficientNetB7, and ViT_b16 models for recognizing anomalous events in surveillance videos. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in achieving high accuracy rates. The proposed method addresses the challenges posed by large volumes of frames generated by surveillance videos, requiring effective processing techniques. A large number of videos from the UCF-Crime dataset were used for proposed model evaluation, including both abnormal and normal videos during the training and testing phase. EfficientNetB7 achieved 86.34% accuracy, VGG19 reached 87.90%, ResNet50 attained 90.46%, and ViT_b16 excelled with 95.87% accuracy. Compared to state-of-the-art models from other studies, the transformer model (ViT_b16) outperformed these algorithms, demonstrating significant improvements in recognizing anomalous events.
Innovative anti-proliferative effect of the antiviral favipiravir against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using green nanoemulsion and eco-friendly assessment tools
Authors: Abd-Elrasheed Eman , Fahim Sally A. , Nessim Christine K. , El-Helaly Sara Nageeb 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTelomerase enzyme prevents telomere shortening during division, having human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as its catalytic subunit. Favipiravir (FAV), an RNA-dependent RNA polymerases inhibitor, shared structural similarity with hTERT and thus assumed to have cytotoxic effect on cancer cells, in addition to its prophylactic effect to immunocompromised cancer patients. Nanoemulsion (NE) is a potential tumor cells targeting delivery system, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy at the intended site, mitigating systemic toxicity, and overcoming multidrug resistance. The objective of this study is to develop a green FAV nanoemulsion (FNE) that is environmentally friendly and safe for patients, while aiming to enhance its cytotoxic effects. The study also highlights the environmental sustainability of the developed RP-HPLC method and assesses its greenness impact. The FNE formulation underwent thermodynamic stability testing and invitro characterization. Greenness was assessed using advanced selected tools like the Analytical Eco-Scale (AES), Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep), and green analytical procedure index (GAPI). The cytotoxic potential of FNE was screened against MCF-7 breast cancer and Vero normal cell lines using SRB assay. Stable and ecofriendly FNE was formulated having a particle size (PS) of 25.29 ± 0.57 nm and a zeta potential of -6.79 ± 5.52 mV. The cytotoxic effect of FNE on MCF-7 cells was more potent than FAV with lower IC50 while FNE showed non-toxic effect on VERO normal cell line. Therefore, the FAV nanoemulsion formulation showed targeted cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells while being non-toxic on normal Vero cells.
Effect of tin oxide particle size on epoxy resin to form new composites against gamma radiation
Authors: Elsafi Mohamed , Abdel-Gawad Esraa H. , El-Nahal Mohamed A. , Sayyed M. I. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to assess the shielding performance of a novel lead-free epoxide material against ionizing radiation. The effect of variation in particle size and concentration of tin oxide (SnO), which was added to epoxy resin polymer (ER), on its radiation shielding properties has been investigated in this research. Ten samples of ER samples incorporated with different concentrations (0%,20%,40%,60%) of SnO microparticles, nanoparticles, and both sizes combined were prepared and assessed. The linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) were measured experimentally through the collimated gamma-ray beam at 0.0595 MeV, 0.6617 MeV, 1.1730 MeV, and 1.330 MeV emitted from Am-241, Cs-137 and Co-60, respectively (to cover all energy range of gamma rays) for all samples with various concentrations and particle sizes of SnO. The other radiological shielding parameters such as half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and radiation protection efficiency (RPE) were estimated and compared for all different samples. The results prove that the increasing of the concentration and reducing the particle size of SnO leads to the enhancement of the radiation protection properties of the ER polymer. Moreover, it was observed that the incorporation of SnO micro- and nanoparticles together improves the radiation shielding properties of ER samples. Conclusively, the reinforcing of ER polymer material matrix by micro/nanoparticles of SnO as composite with enhanced radiation shielding specifications was highlighted.
The degree of toxoplasmosis and testicular histomorphometry in rats
Authors: Hegazy Mamdouh , Elghanam Walaa , Aboulfotouh Nora , Sheta Heba , El-Tantawy Nora 
Published: November 2024

AbstractToxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) ranks as the third most common parasitic parasite worldwide, and it is estimated that > 60% of the population is infected with T. gondii worldwide at some point in their lives. So. Therefore, it is highly curious that T. gondii could be a potential cause of idiopathic infertility that is incidental to male partners, who are responsible for nearly 50% of cases. Testicular histomorphometric analysis was developed to investigate fertility problems. The objective of this experimental study was to assess the impact of toxoplasmosis on spermatogenesis indicated by histomorphometric changes in rat testes and its correlation with the degree of infection in the brain. Ninety male Wistar albino rats were infected with T. gondii, and 30 male rats composed the control group. The studied parameters were investigated from the seventh week until the twelfth week postinfection by estimating the body weight, the weight of the testes, histopathological examination, and metric analysis of the testes. Each time, correlations were detected between the investigated parameters and the infection severity calculated by estimating the cyst burden in brain homogenates and brain lesion grading of stained histological sections.Our findings demonstrated a significant adverse impact of toxoplasmosis on absolute body weight, testis weight, and testis histomorphometry. The grading of brain lesions and the number of brain cysts paralleled each other. There was a reverse correlation between the gonado-somatic index and the number of brain cysts and brain lesion grade. There was a statistically significant correlation between the brain cyst count and the brain lesion grade and the indices 20 A, 20b, 250, and 200 of the testes metric analysis. Conclusion: Our results revealed that toxoplasmosis has an adverse impact on male rat spermatogenic cells, which in turn affects spermatogenesis and fertility. This impact is significantly correlated with the degree of latent infection in the brain.
Knowledge, attitudes, and concerns about psilocybin and MDMA as novel therapies among U.S. healthcare professionals
Authors: Wang Erin , Mathai David S. , Gukasyan Natalie , Nayak Sandeep , Garcia-Romeu Albert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPsychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) with substances like psilocybin and MDMA has shown promise for conditions including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and MDMA may become approved medicines in the coming decade. This study assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding PAT among 879 U.S. healthcare professionals via anonymous online survey. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify predictors of openness to clinical use. Most participants (71.2%) were female and White (85.8%), with a mean (SD) age of 45.5 (12.7) years. Registered nurses (25.4%) and physicians (17.7%) comprised the largest professional groups. Respondents endorsed strong belief in therapeutic promise, and moderate openness to clinical use and support for legal access to both substances, with higher overall ratings for psilocybin compared to MDMA. Objective knowledge items revealed low knowledge of therapeutic uses, risks, and pharmacology. Primary concerns were lack of trained providers, financial cost, and potential contraindications. Prior psychedelic use, self-rated knowledge, younger age, and professional role predicted openness to clinical use of psilocybin and MDMA, with physicians reporting lower openness. As psychedelics continue to garner popular and scientific interest, results indicate a pressing need for additional formal training to provide balanced, evidence-based information from trusted sources.