bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of 3D‐printed Customized Guides in Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Duan Xiao‐jun , Fan Hua‐quan , Wang Fu‐you , He Peng , Yang Liu 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility of 3D printed customized guides assisting the precise drilling of Kirschner wires in subtalar joint arthrodesis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 29 patients (30 subtalar joints) who underwent subtalar joint arthrodesis between 1 July 2013 and 31 December 2017. The customized guides were designed on a full‐scale 3D polylactic acid model made from computed tomography (CT) data of patients by Model Intestinal Microflora in Computer Simulation (MIMICS) software, which were manufactured by 3D printing technology. A total of 14 joints used customized guides (experimental group); the remained 16 joints used the traditional method (control group). The time of drilling the Kirschner wires to the correct position, the time of subtalar fusion, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, and complications were evaluated in both groups.ResultsAll customized guides were successfully manufactured. In the experimental group, it took 2.1 ± 0.7 min to drill the Kirschner wire to the satisfactory position, and 2 cases needed to be re‐drilled; in the control group, it took 4.6 ± 1.9 min to drill the Kirschner wire to the satisfactory position (P < 0.05), and 8 cases needed to be re‐drilled. No serious complications occurred in both groups during and after the surgery. Postoperative radiographic fusion was confirmed in all cases. No significant difference was observed in the fusion time and AOFAS scores 1 year postoperatively between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionIt is safe to apply 3D‐printed customized guides for subtalar joint arthrodesis, which can assist the accurate drilling of Kirschner wires into the appropriate position according to the preoperative plan, and reduce the operation time as well as intraoperative radiation.
Pediatric intensive care unit admission due to respiratory syncytial virus: Retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Kang Ji‐Man , Lee Jina , Kim Yun‐Kyung , Cho Hye Kyung , Park Su Eun , Kim Kyung‐Hyo , Kim Min‐Ji , Kim Seonwoo , Kim Yae‐Jean 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the characteristics and clinical outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)‐related pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization and assessed the palivizumab (PZ) prophylaxis eligibility according to different guidelines from Korea, EU, and USA.MethodsIn this multicenter study, children <18 years of age hospitalized in six PICU from different hospitals due to severe RSV infection between September 2008 and March 2013 were included. A retrospective chart review was performed.ResultsA total of 92 patients were identified. The median length of PICU stay was 6 days (range, 1–154 days) and median PICU care cost was USD2,741 (range, USD556–98 243). Of 62 patients who were <2 years old at the beginning of the RSV season, 33 (53.2%) were high‐risk patients for severe RSV infection. Hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (22.6%) was the most common risk factor, followed by chronic lung disease (11.3%), neuromuscular disease or congenital abnormality of the airway (NMD/CAA) (11.3%), and prematurity (8.1%). The percentage of patients eligible for PZ prophylaxis ranged from 38.7% to 48.4% based on the guidelines, but only two (2.2%) received PZ ≤30 days prior to PICU admission. The median duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in children with NDM/CAA than in those without risk factors (26 days; range, 24–139 days vs 6 days, range, 2–68 days, P = 0.033). RSV‐attributable mortality was 5.4%.ConclusionsChildren <2 years old with already well‐known high risks represent a significant proportion of RSV‐related PICU admissions. Increasing of the compliance for PZ prophylaxis practice among physicians is needed. Further studies are needed to investigate the burden of RSV infection in patients hospitalized in PICU, including children with NMD/CAA.
Development of a Two-Dimensional Thermal Model for Li-Ion Battery Pack With Experimental Validation
Authors: Wang Haoting , Liu Ning , Ma Lin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the development of a two-dimensional two states (2D2S) model for the analysis of thermal behaviors of Li-ion battery packs and its experimental validation. This development was motivated by the need to fill a niche in our current modeling capabilities: the need to analyze 2D temperature (T) distributions in large-scale battery packs in real time. Past models were predominately developed to either provide detailed T information with high computational cost or provide real-time analysis but only 1D lumped T information. However, the capability to model 2D T field in real time is desirable in many applications ranging from the optimal design of cooling strategies to onboard monitoring and control. Therefore, this work developed a new approach to provide this desired capability. The key innovations in our new approach involved modeling the whole battery pack as a complete thermal-fluid network and at the same time calculating only two states (surface and core T) for each cell. Modeling the whole pack as a complete network captured the interactions between cells and enabled the accurate resolution of the 2D T distribution. Limiting the calculation to only the surface and core T controlled the computational cost at a manageable level and rendered the model suitable for packs at large scale with many cells.
Exact Algebraic Solution of an Optimal Double-Mass Dynamic Vibration Absorber Attached to a Damped Primary System
Authors: Asami Toshihiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article presents exact algebraic solutions to optimization problems of a double-mass dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) attached to a viscous damped primary system. The series-type double-mass DVA was optimized using three optimization criteria (the H∞ optimization, H2 optimization, and stability maximization criteria), and exact algebraic solutions were successfully obtained for all of them. It is extremely difficult to optimize DVAs when there is damping in the primary system. Even in the optimization of the simpler single-mass DVA, exact solutions have been obtained only for the H2 optimization and stability maximization criteria. For H∞ optimization, only numerical solutions and an approximate perturbation solution have been obtained. Regarding double-mass DVAs, an exact algebraic solution could not be obtained in this study in the case where a parallel-type DVA is attached to the damped primary system. For the series-type double-mass DVA, which was the focus of the present study, an exact algebraic solution was obtained for the force excitation system, in which the disturbance force acts directly on the primary mass; however, an algebraic solution was not obtained for the motion excitation system, in which the foundation of the system is subjected to a periodic displacement. Because all actual vibration systems involve damping, the results obtained in this study are expected to be useful in the design of actual DVAs. Furthermore, it is a great surprise that an exact algebraic solution exists even for such complex optimization problems of a linear vibration system.
Blood donation from 2006 to 2015 in Zhejiang Province, China: annual consecutive cross-sectional studies
Authors: Hu Wei , Meng Hongdao , Hu Qiuyue , Feng Lijuan , Qu Xianguo 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the basic demographical characteristics of whole blood donors in Zhejiang Province, China, from 2006 to 2015 and to examine the trends in individual characteristics associated with blood donation and the relationship between weight and donation.DesignCross-sectional study comparing characteristics of blood donors and annual donations for the period 2006 to 2015.SettingUrban and rural communities in Zhejiang, China(11 cities, 89 districts or counties and 1379 townships).Participants3 226 571 volunteer blood donors.Outcome measuresVolume of each whole blood donation and donation frequency. All data were collected by trained staff and entered into a standardised electronic information system.ResultsThe number of blood donations generally trended up in Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2015. Donors were predominately males aged 18 to 25 years, but this major donor age group shifted to the 26 to 45 year range by 2015. The rate of repeated blood donation was 30.8 per cent. The blood volume per donation concentrated in 200 mL and 400 mL categories has been gradually shifted to 300 mL and 400 mL. Approximately one-third of donors had a college education. The average weight of donors increased over time for both men and women. Both the blood volume of each donation and donation frequency were proportional to weight.ConclusionsThe trend of voluntary non-remunerated blood donation in Zhejiang province is positive. However, given the expected growth in demand for whole blood, more research is needed to increase both the donor pool and the rate of repeated donation. The relationship between body weight and blood donation warrants further study because while improving nutritional status is associated with higher average donation volume and more frequent donations, overnutrition may lead to poorer quality of donated blood. Blood donation may present a unique opportunity for health education and body weight management to monitor and improve population health.
A gender-transformative approach to improve outcomes and equity among persons with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mollayeva Tatyana , Amodio Vanessa , Mollayeva Shirin , D’Souza Andrea , Colquhoun Heather , Quilico Enrico , Haag Halina (Lin) , Colantonio Angela 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionThe initiation and translation of sex-sensitive and gender-sensitive research programmes into clinically useful considerations for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been difficult. Clinical frameworks are currently not specific according to sex and gender, despite evidence that these constructs influence the incidence, course and outcome of patients with TBI. The present protocol outlines a strategy for a research programme, supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Institute of Gender and Health, which explores sex and gender topics in the context of TBI, with the goal of building an infrastructure to facilitate the implementation of sex/gender-sensitive research findings into clinical considerations.Methods and analysisA comprehensive multistep research programme is proposed to support three research objectives: (1) documentation of important concepts and ideas for education on topics of sex and gender in the TBI context using a knowledge-user feedback framework, current scientific evidence and the research team’s expertise; (2) development of educational materials for patients with TBI, significant others and clinicians providing care that account for sex/gender and (3) testing the application of these educational materials for feasibility and effectiveness. This programme supports the CIHR Institute’s mission by facilitating partnership with knowledge users across clinical, research, academic and community sectors, through a range of platforms and activities.Ethics and disseminationThe Research Ethics Board of the University Health Network has approved the programme. It is anticipated that this work will add significant value to the advancement of the field of sex, gender and health by serving as a model to foster the integration of these constructs across the spectrum of disorders. This will transform clinical practices and ensure that generated knowledge is translated into improved training programmes, policies and health services that are responsive to the diverse needs of men and women with TBI.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018098697
AIDS-related stigmatisation in the healthcare setting: a study of primary healthcare centres that provide services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ehiri John E , Alaofè Halimatou S , Yesufu Victoria , Balogun Mobolanle , Iwelunmor Juliet , Kram Nidal A-Z , Lott Breanne E , Abosede Olayinka 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo assess AIDS stigmatising attitudes and behaviours by prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) service providers in primary healthcare centres in Lagos, Nigeria.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingThirty-eight primary healthcare centres in Lagos, Nigeria.ParticipantsOne hundred and sixty-one PMTCT service providers.Outcome measuresPMTCT service providers’ discriminatory behaviours, opinions and stigmatising attitudes towards persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs), and nature of the work environment (HIV/AIDS-related policies and infection-control guidelines/supplies).ResultsReported AIDS-related stigmatisation was low: few respondents (4%) reported hearing coworkers talk badly about PLWHAs or observed provision of poor-quality care to PLWHAs (15%). Health workers were not worried about secondary AIDS stigmatisation due to their occupation (86%). Opinions about PLWHAs were generally supportive; providers strongly agreed that women living with HIV should be allowed to have babies if they wished (94%). PMTCT service providers knew that consent was needed prior to HIV testing (86%) and noted that they would get in trouble at work if they discriminated against PLWHAs (83%). A minority reported discriminatory attitudes and behaviours; 39% reported wearing double gloves and 41% used other special infection-control measures when providing services to PLWHAs. Discriminatory behaviours were correlated with negative opinions about PLWHAs (r=0.21, p<0.01), fear of HIV infection (r=0.16, p<0.05) and professional resistance (r=0.32, p<0.001). Those who underwent HIV training had less fear of contagion.ConclusionsThis study documented generally low levels of reported AIDS-related stigmatisation by PMTCT service providers in primary healthcare centres in Lagos. Policies that reduce stigmatisation against PLWHA in the healthcare setting should be supported by the provision of basic resources for infection control. This may reassure healthcare workers of their safety, thus reducing their fear of contagion and professional resistance to care for individuals who are perceived to be at high risk of HIV.
Perceptions of Australian physiotherapy students about the potential implementation of physiotherapist prescribing in Australia: a national survey
Authors: Noblet Timothy David , Marriott John F , Jones Taryn , Dean Catherine , Rushton Alison B 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the perceptions of Australian physiotherapy students about (1) the potential implementation and use of non-medical prescribing by physiotherapists in Australia and (2) how physiotherapist prescribing might impact the care that the physiotherapy profession can provide in the future.DesignA cross-sectional descriptive survey of physiotherapy students across Australia was completed using an online questionnaire developed by subject-experts and pretested (n=10) for internal consistency. A hyperlink to the questionnaire was emailed to all students enrolled in any accredited, entry-level Australian university physiotherapy programme. A reminder email was sent 4 weeks later.SettingParticipants completed an online questionnaire.Participants526 physiotherapy students from universities across all states with entry-level programmes.Outcome measuresQuantitative data underwent primary descriptive analysis. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise qualitative data.Results87% of participants supported the introduction of physiotherapist prescribing in Australia. 91% of participants stated that they would train to prescribe following introduction. Participants identified improvements in clinical and cost effectiveness, timely access to appropriate prescription medicines and optimisation of quality healthcare as key drivers for the introduction.ConclusionsStudent physiotherapists support the introduction of physiotherapist prescribing in Australia, reporting potential benefits for patients, health services and the physiotherapy profession. Stakeholders should use the results of this study in conjunction with supporting literature to inform future decisions regarding physiotherapist prescribing in Australia.
Trends of prescribing antimicrobial drugs for urinary tract infections in primary care in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Mulder Marlies , Baan Esmé , Verbon Annelies , Stricker Bruno , Verhamme Katia 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are an important reason to consult a general practitioner (GP). Here, we describe antimicrobial drug prescribing patterns for UTIs by GPs in relation to the Dutch primary care guidelines.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study in the Dutch Integrated Primary Care Information (IPCI)database, which encompasses approximately 2.5 million patients. All patients aged ≥12 years with at least 1 year of follow-up from 1996 to 2014 were extracted from the database. The number of prescriptions and choice of drug type were investigated over time and in different age categories. The choice of antimicrobial drug classes for UTIs and the duration of nitrofurantoin use in women were compared with the Dutch primary care guidelines of 1989, 1999, 2005 and 2013.ResultsThe source population comprised 1 755 085 patients who received 2 019 335 antimicrobial drug prescriptions; 401 655 (35.1%) prescriptions were for UTIs (45.2% in women and 12.6% in men). The proportion of prescriptions for UTIs within all prescriptions with an indication code increased from 5.2% in 1996 to 14% in 2014 in men and from 28% in 1996 to 50% in 2014 in women. In men, UTIs were most frequently treated with fluoroquinolones during the entire study period, whereas fluoroquinolones were only advised as first choice in the latest guideline of 2013. In women, UTIs were increasingly (p<0.05) treated with nitrofuran derivatives with a statistically significant difference after implementation of the guideline of 2005. Compliance to the advised duration of nitrofurantoin prescriptions in women has increased since the guideline of 2005.ConclusionsAntimicrobial drug prescribing for UTIs seemed to have increased over time. Prescribing in line with the UTI guidelines increased with regard to choice and duration of antimicrobial drugs. We showed that databases like IPCI, in which prescription and indication are monitored, can be valuable antibiotic stewardship tools.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of antidepressants in the long-term treatment of major depression: protocol for a systematic review and networkmeta-analysis
Authors: Shinohara Kiyomi , Efthimiou Orestis , Ostinelli Edoardo G , Tomlinson Anneka , Geddes John R , Nierenberg Andrew A , Ruhe Henricus G , Furukawa Toshi A , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionPharmacotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of major depression. At the initiation of antidepressant treatment, both improvement of symptoms in the short term and relapse prevention in the long term should be taken into account. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy and the acceptability of continuation/maintenance treatments and the relative efficacy/acceptability of antidepressants.ObjectiveWe will conduct a pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis (NMA) to examine the relative efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of antidepressants in the long-term treatment of major depression.Methods and analysisWe will include double-blind randomised controlled trials comparing any of the following antidepressants, which we included in our previous NMA of the acute treatment for major depression, with placebo or with another active drug for long-term treatment of major depression: agomelatine, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, trazodone, venlafaxine, vilazodone and vortioxetine. Our primary outcomes will be sustained response and all-cause dropouts. We will include four types of designs that are used to investigate long-term treatment. We will conduct two main analyses. First, we will conduct a pairwise meta-analysis comparing all antidepressants versus placebo to investigate whether continuing antidepressants after achieving a positive response in the acute-phase treatment is beneficial and/or safe. Second, we will conduct an NMA to examine the comparative efficacy and acceptability of the drugs. We will use a novel approach that will combine the results of acute-phase treatment NMA with long-term treatment studies to include all related designs in the NMA. We will ensure the validity of combining different designs and our new approach by checking the distribution of important effect modifiers and consistency of network.Ethics and disseminationThis study did not require ethical approval. We will disseminate our findings by publishing results in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018114561; Pre-results.
Analysis of the challenges in implementing guidelines to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant gram-negatives in Europe
Authors: Tacconelli Evelina , Buhl Michael , Humphreys Hilary , Malek Veronika , Presterl Elisabeth , Rodriguez-Baño Jesús , Vos Margreet C , Zingg Walter , Mutters Nico T 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe main objective of the study was to investigate major differences among European countries in implementing infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and reasons for reduced compliance.DesignAn online survey including experts in IPC and a gap analysis were conducted to identify major limitations in implementing IPC guidelines.SettingEurope.Main outcome measuresFour areas were targeted: (1) healthcare structure, (2) finances, (3) culture and (4) education and awareness. Perceived compliance to IPC measures was classified as low (<50%), medium (50% to 80%) and high (>80%). Countries were classified in three regions: North-Western Europe (NWE), Eastern Europe (EE) and Southern Europe (SE).ResultsIn total, 482 respondents from 34 out of 44 (77.3%) European countries participated. Respondents reported availability of national guidelines to control multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives (MDR-GN) in 20 countries (58.0%). According to participants, compliance with IPC measures ranged from 17.8% (screening at discharge) to 96.0% (contact precautions). Overall, three areas were identified as critical for the compliance rate: (1) number of infection control staff, (2) IPC dedicated educational programmes and (3) number of clinical staff. Analysis of reasons for low compliance showed high heterogeneity among countries: participants from NWE and SE deemed the lack of educational programmes as the most important, while those from EE considered structural reasons, such as insufficient single bed rooms or lacking materials for isolation, as main contributors to the low compliance.ConclusionsAlthough national guidelines to reduce the spread of MDR-GN are reported in the majority of the European countries, low compliance with IPC measures was commonly reported. Reasons for the low compliance are multifactorial and vary from region to region. Cross-country actions to reduce the spread of MDR-GN have to consider structural and cultural differences in countries. Locally calibrated interventions may be fruitful in the future.