bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Achievements of NEDO Durability Projects on SOFC Stacks in the Light of Physicochemical Mechanisms
Authors: Yokokawa H. , Suzuki M. , Yoda M. , Suto T. , Tomida K. , Hiwatashi K. , Shimazu M. , Kawakami A. , Sumi H. , Ohmori M. , Ryu T. , Mori N. , Iha M. , Yatsuzuka S. , Yamaji K. , Kishimoto H. , Develos‐Bagarinao K. , Shimonosono T. , Sasaki K. , Taniguchi S. , Kawada T. , Muramatsu M. , Terada K. , Eguchi K. , Matsui T. , Iwai H. , Kishimoto M. , Shikazono N. , Mugikura Y. , Yamamoto T. , Yoshikawa M. , Yasumoto K. , Asano K. , Matsuzaki Y. , Sato K. , Somekawa T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAchievements of NEDO durability projects on SOFC mode are summarized with a focus on the physicochemical mechanisms characterized by diffusion properties of cell components and chemical reactions of cell components with gaseous impurities. Ni sintering and depletion including impurity (P, B, S) effects have been examined in terms of the surface/interface energies of Ni/oxide cermet anodes. The conductivity degradation due to the transformation of the cubic YSZ electrolyte was found to be characterized in terms of two time constants for the reductive and the oxidative regions to be determined by the Y‐diffusivity and its enhancement on NiO internal reduction in YSZ, while observed gaps in conductivity degradation behavior between stacks and button cells were ascribed to differences in those physicochemical properties involved, namely cation diffusion and kinetics associated with NiO internal reduction. The cathode performance degradation due to sulfur poisoning exhibits a variety of dependences on the microstructure (dense or porous) of doped‐ceria interlayers, the thickness of YSZ electrolyte and the humidity in the anode atmosphere, suggesting effects of protons in the cathode vicinity and the SrO activity changes during fabrication the LSCF/GDC/YSZ multilayers. Some defect chemical considerations were made on how such defects are affected by fabrication processes.
Total Synthesis of Fontanesine B and Its Isomer: Their Antiproliferative Activity against Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Abe Takumi , Itoh Tomoki , Terasaki Masaru 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA concise synthesis of pyrano[3,2‐e]indole alkaloid fontanesine B by a Fischer indolization is described. This key Fischer indolization starts with the pyran‐ring and alkene intact, facilitating potential synthetic applications. Furthermore, fontanesine B and its isomer were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity against human colorectal cancer cells. The isomer of fontanesine B showed higher antiproliferative activity than the natural product, fontanesine B (2).
Human α defensins promote the expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐8 under high‐glucose conditions: Novel insights into the poor healing of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Meng Lanxia , Guo Xingchen , Yang Xilin , Liu Hongyue , Yu Mosheng , Wu Yingliang , Zhu Zhanyong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSustained infection and chronic inflammation are the most common features and complex mechanisms of diabetic foot disease. In this study, we examined the expression and functional roles of human endogenous α defensins in diabetic foot ulcer. The expression levels of human α defensins HNP1, HNP3, and HNP4 were significantly higher in the wound center than the edge of diabetic foot ulcers. And the inflammatory cytokine interleukin IL‐8 (IL‐8) was also highly expressed in wound exudates. In human foreskin fibroblasts, these human α defensins were found only slightly to affect IL‐8 expression directly. hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) is the main clinical indicator of diabetic foot disease. Advanced glycation end products of bovine serum albumin (AGE‐BSA), as HbA1c analogue, was found to promote IL‐8 expression. Human α defensins, in the presence of AGE‐BSA, further significantly promoted IL‐8 expression. These findings showed that human α defensins aggravated the inflammatory response in diabetic foot ulcers patients, providing new insights in to the poor healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
Who gets certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology and why: A diversity survey
Authors: Frost Joel C. , Molinari Victor , Dobbs Debra , Edgar Veronica B. , Jones Katherine S. , Pietz Christina , Badana Adrian N. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the profile of diversity among specialists certified by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).MethodA survey of ABPP specialists consisting of 18 demographic questions, and two questions regarding board certification and experience with diversity.ResultsAlthough ABPP specialists appear to be more diverse in certain aspects, especially regarding sex/gender (female, 43% vs 34% in prior survey), the majority remain non‐Hispanic, White in race/ethnicity (87%), followed by only 3% Black, and 3% Hispanic/Latinx representation. Recognition as a specialist, job requirement, and professional expectations were the top three reasons for board certification. The top three themes regarding specialists’ experiences with diversity were (a) Need for active outreach and mentoring, (b) ABPP does a good job regarding diversity, and (c) Make it more affordable.ConclusionWith the need for a competent and diverse workforce, ABPP will continue to conduct this survey to determine the progress that has been made in increasing the diversity of certified specialists.
IGFBP‐2 stimulates calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 activation leading to AMP‐activated protein kinase induction which is required for osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Xi Gang , D'Costa Susan , Wai Christine , Xia Shalier K. , Cox Zach C. , Clemmons David R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInsulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins‐2 (IGFBP‐2) function coordinately to stimulate osteoblast differentiation. Induction of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is required for differentiation and is stimulated by these two factors. These studies were undertaken to determine how these two peptides lead to activation of AMPK. Enzymatic inhibitors and small interfering RNA were utilized to attenuate calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) activity in osteoblasts, and both manipulations resulted in failure to activate AMPK, thereby resulting in inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. IGFBP‐2 and IGF‐I stimulated an increase in CaMKK2, and inhibition of IGFBP‐2 binding its receptor resulted in failure to induce CaMKK2 and AMPK activation. Injection of a peptide that contained the IGFBP‐2 receptor‐binding domain into IGFBP‐2−/− mice activated CaMKK2 and injection of a CaMKK2 inhibitor into normal mice inhibited both CamKK2 and AMPK activation in osteoblasts. We conclude that induction of CaMKK2 by IGFBP‐2 and IGF‐I in osteoblasts is an important signaling event that occurs early in differentiation and is responsible for activation of AMPK, which is required for optimal osteoblast differentiation.
Forecasting for remanufacturing: The effects of serialization
Authors: Goltsos Thanos E. , Syntetos Aris A. , van der Laan Erwin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRemanufacturing operations rely upon accurate forecasts of demand and returned items. Return timing and quantity forecasts help estimate net demand (demand minus returns) requirements. Based on a unique data set of serialized transactional issues and returns from the Excelitas Group and one of their defense contractors, Qioptiq, we assess the empirical performance of some key methods in the area of returns forecasting. We extend their application (for net demand forecasting), by considering that demand is also subject to uncertainty and thus needs to be forecast. Information on remanufacturing costs allows for an evaluation of the inventory implications of such forecasts under various settings. A foray into the literature on information technologies enables a discussion on the interface between information availability and forecast accuracy and utility. We find that serialization accounts for considerable forecast accuracy benefits, and that the accuracy of demand forecasts is as important as that of returns. Further, we show how the combined returns and demand forecast uncertainty affects the inventory performance. Finally, we identify opportunities for further improvements for the operations of Qioptiq, and for remanufacturing operations in general.
Pre‐Hispanic Maya fisheries and coastal adaptations in the northern lowlands from the Classic (500–900 AD) to Postclassic (900–1400 AD) periods
Authors: Jiménez Cano Nayeli G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent studies of fish remains at Mayan settlements from the Classic (500–900 AD) and Postclassic (900–1400 AD) periods are examined. These analyses deepen our understanding of ancient Maya fishing practices and coastal ecosystems and call into question traditional paradigms of environmental stability in the northern Maya lowlands. The effects of droughts recorded during the Maya collapse (800–1000 AD) led to an overall reduction in freshwater inflow into the estuaries combined with episodic increases of sedimentary output. The latter fostered the development of muddy bottoms along the coast, in particular around estuaries formed by underwater river discharges. Ecological characterization and trophic level shifts of fish assemblages from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean shores help elucidate environmental stress episodes. These findings set a preliminary baseline for pre‐Hispanic Maya fisheries, which can further our understanding of present day fisheries along the Maya coast.
Survival of children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma in a prospective clinical care project in Uganda
Authors: McGoldrick Suzanne M. , Mutyaba Innocent , Adams Scott V. , Larsen Anna , Krantz Elizabeth M. , Namirembe Constance , Mooka Peter , Nabakooza Susan , Ndagire Mariam , Mubiru Kelvin , Nabwana Martin , Nankinga Rose , Gerdts Sarah , Gordon‐Maclean Cristin , Geriga Fadhil , Omoding Abrahams , Sessle Erica , Kambugu Joyce , Uldrick Thomas S. , Orem Jackson , Casper Corey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurpose“Endemic” Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a common childhood cancer in Africa. Social and treatment factors may contribute to poor survival. With the aim of improving BL outcomes in Uganda, we undertook a comprehensive project (BL Project) that provided diagnostic support, access to standard chemotherapy, nutritional evaluations, and case management. We evaluated survival of children with BL in the context of the project.Patients and methodsPatients followed by the BL Project who consented to research were enrolled in this study. Children with a pathology diagnosis consistent with BL were eligible. Data were collected prospectively. First‐line chemotherapy generally consisted of six cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, low‐dose methotrexate (COM). We used Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses to evaluate factors associated with overall survival (OS).ResultsBetween July 2012 and June 2017, 341 patients with suspected BL presented to the BL Project. One hundred eighty patients with a pathology‐based diagnosis were included in this study. The median age was seven years (interquartile range, 5–9), 74% lived ≥100 km from the Uganda Cancer Institute, 61% had late‐stage disease, 84% had ECOG performance status < 3, 63% reported B‐symptoms, and 22% showed neurologic symptoms. Fewer than 10% abandoned therapy. The four‐year OS rate was 44% (95% CI, 36%–53%). In a multivariate model, ECOG status was significantly associated with mortality.ConclusionThe BL Project reduced effects of lacking supportive care and oncology resources, and allowed patients from Uganda to receive curative intent therapy with minimal loss to follow‐up. Nonetheless, OS remains unacceptably low. Improved therapeutic approaches to endemic BL are urgently needed in Africa.
The roles of spatial frequency in category‐level visual search of real‐world scenes
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVisual object recognition appears to be effortless and virtually instantaneous for humans. A number of previous investigations have suggested that visual perception follows a coarse‐to‐fine processing sequence in which low‐spatial‐frequency (LSF) information provides a coarse representation of an object for an initial guess and guides the fine processing of the object based on high‐spatial‐frequency (HSF) information. A category‐level visual search of real‐world scenes shares many aspects of processing mechanisms with object recognition. However, a key difference between them is the target template in visual search that is generally known in advance. In the present study, we investigated the role of spatial frequency information in the category‐level visual search of real‐world scenes with three behavioral experiments. In Experiment 1, we showed that the representation of the target template, which is held in short‐term memory, had biased attention more towards LSF information than HSF information in the probe trials. In Experiments 2 and 3, we further demonstrated that the near‐threshold LSF information could implicitly facilitate object recognition compared with HSF information, thereby providing supporting evidence that the LSF information of the target template implicitly facilitates target recognition and search performance. These findings support the role of the coarse‐to‐fine principle in rapid visual search performance of real‐world scenes.
The influence of axial ligands on the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of salen‐Mn complexes in the asymmetric epoxidation
Authors: Yang Liu , Hu Xingbang , Wu Youting 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric epoxidation of indene catalyzed by Jacobsen catalysts with different axial ligands (Cl−, Br−, OAc−, CF3CO2−, N(CH3)2−, and NO3−) was theoretically investigated. The spin states and approach vectors were taken into consideration. The axial ligands can affect the steric conformation of the catalysts. Furthermore, the structure distortion during the formation of the transition state is responsible for the enantioselectivity, and this distortion is also highly related to the axial ligands. These ligands have nonnegligible influence on both the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity. Changing the axial ligand can even turn the enantioselectivity from (S, R)‐ to (R, S)‐enantiomer. The influence of axial ligand on the enantioselectivity is comparable with that induced by the salicylidene ring modification. Controlling the catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of salen‐Mn complexes by simply changing the axial ligand deserves to be paid more attention.
Copolymer Particles with Incorporated Gold and Silver Nanoparticles to Absorb Short‐Wavelength Scattering in Full‐Color Photonic Glasses
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jea , Kumar Santosh , Choi Jin Woo , Kim Vincent Young , Lee Jae‐Suk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhotonic glasses (PGs) have fascinated researchers because the structural colors that are reflected from PGs are angle independent. However, low color saturation, especially for colors at longer wavelengths, is an obstacle for realizing full‐color PGs. It is reported that the form‐factor‐(FF)‐derived reflections that degrade the color saturation of PGs can be removed by embedding Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) into copolymers. Styrene and 4‐vinylpyridne copolymer particles are prepared and used as nanotemplates to synthesize AgNPs and AuNPs. The wavelength of the FF‐derived reflections in relation to the diameter of the particles is estimated. NPs with an absorption spectrum corresponding to the calculated values are then selectively embedded in the copolymer particles. PGs fabricated with AgNP‐ and AuNP‐embedded copolymer particles exhibit fewer FF‐derived reflections owing to the surface‐plasmon‐resonance‐induced absorption of the embedded NPs. Using these FF‐reduced PGs, angle‐independent full‐color PG pigments are realized.
Terahertz power calibration using absolute reference calorimeter
Authors: Iida Hitoshi , Kinoshita Moto , Amemiya Kuniaki , Tojima Yuya 
Published: June 2019

Here, we demonstrate an accurate terahertz (THz) power calibration toward tens of nanowatt levels at room temperature. A power reference standard based on a calorimeter with extremely low noise is realized by introducing vacuum insulation panels utilized for thermal insulation. The standard provides a measurement capability of 26.7 nW with the expanded uncertainty of 4.2% (k = 2) at 1 THz. The direct‐comparison calibration of a commercially available power meter is performed by considering its detectable power levels using the standard. A thermopile‐type power meter is used as the device under test, and its calibration factors are determined at 1 and 1.5 THz over a power‐level range of 0.66–1.56 µW. We evaluate the measurement uncertainties of the calibration and find a relative expanded uncertainty of 4.8–9.0% (k = 2). © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
p53‐Dependent pathway and the opening of mPTP mediate the apoptosis of co‐cultured Sertoli‐germ cells induced by microcystin‐LR
Authors: Wu Jinxia , Liu Haohao , Huang Hui , Yuan Le , Liu Chuanrui , Wang Yueqin , Cheng Xuemin , Zhuang Donggang , Xu Min , Chen Xinghai , Losiewicz Michael D. , Zhang Huizhen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrocystin‐LR (MC‐LR), a potent endotoxin, can induce reproductive toxicity. In order to investigate the role and mechanisms of apoptosis (p53‐dependent and mitochondrial pathways) of germ cells induced by MC‐LR, the co‐cultured primary Sertoli‐germ cells from Sprague‐Dawley rats were used for the experiments. Expression levels of proteins, genes, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were obtained after exposing co‐cultured Sertoli‐germ cells to MC‐LR with or without the addition of the p53 inhibitor, pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α), and MMP inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA). Results indicated that MC‐LR could activate p53‐dependent pathway‐associated proteins in Sertoli‐germ cells, leading to a decrease in MMP (indicating the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore [mPTP] and the release of Cytochrome‐c [Cyt‐c]) from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and eventually the induction of apoptosis. PFT‐α inhibited the expression ofp53, ameliorated the MMP of the co‐cultured Sertoli‐germ cells, and prevented the release of Cyt‐c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, which reduces the occurrence of apoptosis. Similarly, the decreased release of Cyt‐c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and the declined level of apoptosis in Sertoli‐germ cells induced by MC‐LR were observed after the addition of CsA. These results indicated that the apoptosis of the co‐cultured Sertoli‐germ cells induced by MC‐LR was mediated by the p53‐dependent pathway, with the involvement of the opening of mPTP.
Is the (traditional) Galilean science paradigm well suited to forensic science?
Authors: Crispino Frank , Roux Claude , Delémont Olivier , Ribaux Olivier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor more than 10 years, forensic science has been at best, criticized for its lack of scientific foundations and at worst, presented as an oxymoron. An exclusive focus on standard operating procedures and quality management could cause forensic science to fall short of addressing the epistemological issue initiated by judges. This is particularly so in rapidly changing times, including digital transformation of society and decentralization of forensic services. As a consequence, the present understanding of forensic science by both scientists and its stakeholders is questioned. It is argued that that forensic science fundamental principles and, more broadly, forensic science philosophy are pivotal to the reliable application of science to address security and justice questions.This article is categorized under:Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Epistemology and MethodJurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Communication across Science and LawJurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Nasogastric Tube on Demand is Rarely Necessary After Pancreatoduodenectomy Within an Enhanced Recovery Pathway
Authors: Kleive D. , Sahakyan Mushegh A. , Labori K. J. , Lassen K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based guidelines for enhanced recovery (ERAS) pathways after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) are available. Routine use of nasogatric tube (NGT) after PD is not recommended. This study aims to evaluate the need for NGT reinsertion after PD performed within an ERAS setting.MethodsIt is a prospective observational study of all patients undergoing PD in a tertiary referral hospital within the study period from 2015 throughout 2016. Pre‐ and postoperative variables were collected. Patients requiring NGT reinsertion were identified. Comparative analysis of patients with and without a NGT reinsertion was performed, as well as multivariate analysis for risk factors for on‐demand NGT reinsertion.ResultsTwo‐hundred and one patients were included. In total, 45 (22.4%) patients required NGT reinsertion after PD. A total of 32 (15.9%) patients underwent a relaparotomy. Reinsertion of NGT in patients not undergoing a relaparotomy occurred in 26 (15.4%) patients. The presence of a major postoperative complication was a risk factor for reinsertion of NGT, OR 5.27 (2.54–10.94, p = 0.001). Patients with the need for a NGT reinsertion had a higher frequency of major postoperative complications and relaparotomy compared to patients without the need of a NGT reinsertion, 26 (57.8%) versus 32 (20.5%), p < 0.001 and 19 (42.2%) versus 13 (8.3%), p < 0.001, respectively.ConclusionRoutine use of NGT after PD is not justified within an ERAS setting. Immediate removal of the NGT after the procedure can be performed safely, and reinsertion on demand is rarely necessary in uncomplicated courses.
Application of SHS in the Manufacture of (NiAl/Ni3Al)/TiB2 Composite
Authors: Hyjek P. , Sulima I. , Jaworska L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the advantages and the method of application of the SHS process in the manufacture of (NiAl/Ni3Al)/TiB2 composites. A comparison was made between sinters manufactured by FAST/SPS using two different routes to process the substrates, which formed the composite matrix. The evaluation criteria were based on measurements of selected physical, mechanical, and tribological properties, and on microstructure examinations. The evaluation has indicated a preferable method for the manufacture of composites, where the SHS reaction takes place during compaction of the powder mixture. This produces a sinter characterized not only by the high degree of sintering, and high values of the Young’s modulus and HV1 hardness, but also by the satisfactory resistance to tribological wear. Additionally, the use of this process saves energy and reduces product-making cost, owing to a less expensive technique of making individual substrates.
In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Nanoscale Electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Maoyu , Árnadóttir Líney , Xu Zhichuan J. , Feng Zhenxing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nanoscale electrocatalysts have exhibited promising activity and stability, improving the kinetics of numerous electrochemical reactions in renewable energy systems such as electrolyzers, fuel cells, and metal-air batteries. Due to the size effect, nano particles with extreme small size have high surface areas, complicated morphology, and various surface terminations, which make them different from their bulk phases and often undergo restructuring during the reactions. These restructured materials are hard to probe by conventional ex-situ characterizations, thus leaving the true reaction centers and/or active sites difficult to determine. Nowadays, in situ techniques, particularly X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), have become an important tool to obtain oxidation states, electronic structure, and local bonding environments, which are critical to investigate the electrocatalysts under real reaction conditions. In this review, we go over the basic principles of XAS and highlight recent applications of in situ XAS in studies of nanoscale electrocatalysts.