bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaseous emissions from deep-litter pens with straw or sawdust for fattening pigs
Authors: Nicks B. , Laitat M. , Farnir F. , Vandenheede M. , Désiron A. , Verhaeghe C. , Canart B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree successive batches of fattening pigs were raised on a deep litter of straw in one room and of sawdust in another. The quantities of litter used per pig were 40 kg of straw and 81 kg of sawdust.Once a month, the emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water vapour were measured continuously for 6 days consecutively.Gaseous emissions from pig raising on sawdust-based litter and straw-based litter were respectively 12·16 and 13·61 g per pig per day for ammonia (NH3), 4·96 and 7·39 g per pig per day for methane (CH4), 2·09 and 0·03 g per pig per day for nitrous oxide (N2O), 3·15 and 2·74 kg per pig per day for water (H2O) and 1·32 and 1·30 kg per pig per day for carbon dioxide (CO2). Differences between the emissions of the two litters were significant for N2O and H2O (P 0·01).The nitrogen content of the manures collected at the end of the experiment was 1·47 kg per pig for the straw-based litter and 1·07 kg per pig for that based on sawdust. Nitrogen emissions were calculated under the assumption that no gases volatilized from the litter or from the animals other than NH3 and N2O. With the two litters, about 50% of nitrogen excreted by the pigs was emitted into the atmosphere in the form of N2.
The effect of previous experience of four pasture species on the grazing behaviour of ewes and their lambs
Authors: Phillips C.J.C. , Youssef M.Y.I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFour groups of eight primiparous ewes and their single lambs were grazed for 2 weeks on pasture containing one of four novel grass species – perennial ryegrass, timothy, cocksfoot and red fescue. When subsequently grazed in a field with randomized plots of the four species, both ewes and lambs spent longer grazing the species to which they had been accustomed than was spent by ewes and lambs accustomed to other species. This effect was proportionately greater for the lambs than the ewes, and the lambs responded most to experience of cocksfoot and red fescue. Both ewes and lambs spent most time grazing perennial ryegrass and timothy, and least time grazing red fescue, with cocksfoot intermediate. It is concluded that perennial ryegrass and timothy are grazed by ewes and lambs in preference to cocksfoot and red fescue, but that a two week period of experience will increase the attractiveness of the less-preferred species, particularly to lambs.
The prescription of opioid analgesics to terminal cancer patients:
Impact of physicians' general attitudes and contextual
factors
Authors: PERETTI-WATEL P. , BENDIANE M.K. , OBADIA Y. , FAVRE R. , LAPIANA J.M. , MOATTI J.P. , GROUP THE SOUTH-EASTERN FRANCE PALLIATIVE CARE 
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study aimed to examine factors associated
with the prescription of opioid analgesics to terminal cancer patients,
including physicians' general attitudes toward morphine and
contextual factors.Methods: A survey was conducted among a sample of French
general practitioners (GPs) and oncologists. Respondents were asked to
describe the last three terminally ill patients they had followed up to
death.Results: Overall, 526 GPs and oncologists (global response
rate: 57%) described 1,082 cancer patients, among whom 85.4% received
opioid analgesics. Among other significant predictors (patient age,
cancer type, family assistance), this prescription was less frequent
for female patients followed by male physicians (OR = 0.53), and more
frequent for patients followed by physicians trained in palliative care
(OR = 2.70). On the other hand, physicians' attitudes toward
morphine were not associated with prescription of morphine and other
opioid analgesics.Significance of results: Although nonprescription of opioid
analgesics is only a crude proxy measure for undertreatment of cancer
pain, our findings suggest the need to develop training in palliative
care in order to standardize practices among GPs and specialists. Our
results also highlight the necessity to study pain assessment as an
interaction between the physician and the patient, and to consider
patients' and physicians' respective genders as a key
variable within this interaction.
Unravelling the hidden inter and intra-varietal diversity of durum wheat commercial varieties used in Portugal
Authors: Bento Miguel , Pereira Sónia Gomes , Viegas Wanda , Silva Manuela 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAssessing durum wheat genomic diversity is crucial in a changing environmental particularly in the Mediterranean region where it is largely used to produce pasta. Durum wheat varieties cultivated in Portugal and previously assessed regarding thermotolerance ability were screened for the variability of coding sequences associated with technological traits and repetitive sequences. As expected, reduced variability was observed regarding low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) but a specific LMW-GS allelic form associated with improved pasta-making characteristics was absent in one variety. Contrastingly, molecular markers targeting repetitive elements like microsatellites and retrotransposons – Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and Inter Retrotransposons Amplified Polymorphism (IRAP) – disclosed significant inter and intra-varietal diversity. This high level of polymorphism was revealed by the 20 distinct ISSR/IRAP concatenated profiles observed among the 23 individuals analysed. Interestingly, median joining networks and PCoA analysis grouped individuals of the same variety and clustered varieties accordingly with geographical origin. Globally, this work demonstrates that durum wheat breeding strategies induced selection pressure for some relevant coding sequences while maintaining high levels of genomic variability in non-coding regions enriched in repetitive sequences.
Advances in Quaternary studies and geomorphology in Scotland: implications for geoconservation
Authors: GORDON John E. , BRAZIER Vanessa , HANSOM Jim D. , WERRITTY Alan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTQuaternary deposits and landforms are an integral component of Scotland's geodiversity and natural heritage with intrinsic, scientific, educational, cultural, aesthetic and ecological values. Their conservation is founded on the assessment and safeguard of key protected areas principally for their scientific values. The evaluation of site networks for Quaternary deposits and landforms (including glacial, fluvial, coastal, mass movement, karst and cave features) has evolved since the late 1940s, culminating in the Great Britain Geological Conservation Review (GCR) site assessments undertaken principally between 1977 and the early 1990s. Significant scientific progress since then has arisen, for example, from re-investigation of existing sites and discoveries of new sites, developments in geochronology and the formulation and application of new concepts and models. Both the GCR site lists and the supporting site documentation now require updating in the light of this progress. Today there is greater emphasis on the wider, non-scientific values of geoconservation including, for example, on ecosystem services, links with biodiversity and cultural heritage, geotourism and the benefits for human health and wellbeing through improved understanding of dynamic landscapes, climate change and natural hazards. Involvement of wider public support beyond the geoscience community and fostering better integration of geoheritage within the developing nature conservation agenda, including a land systems approach, protected area planning and management, natural capital and connecting people and nature, will help further to protect our Quaternary geoheritage.
Investigating Loss of Relativistic Electrons Associated With EMIC Waves at Low L Values on 22 June 2015
Authors: Qin Murong , Hudson Mary , Li Zhao , Millan Robyn , Shen Xiaochen , Shprits Yuri , Woodger Leslie , Jaynes Allison , Kletzing Craig 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, rapid loss of relativistic radiation belt electrons at low L* values (2.4–3.2) during a strong geomagnetic storm on 22 June 2015 is investigated along with five possible loss mechanisms. Both the particle and wave data are obtained from the Van Allen Probes. Duskside H+ band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves were observed during a rapid decrease of relativistic electrons with energy above 5.2 MeV occurring outside the plasmasphere during extreme magnetopause compression. Lower He+ composition and enriched O+ composition are found compared to typical values assumed in other studies of cyclotron resonant scattering of relativistic electrons by EMIC waves. Quantitative analysis demonstrates that even with the existence of He+ band EMIC waves, it is the H+ band EMIC waves that are likely to cause the depletion at small pitch angles and strong gradients in pitch angle distributions of relativistic electrons with energy above 5.2 MeV at low L values for this event. Very low frequency wave activity at other magnetic local time can be favorable for the loss of relativistic electrons at higher pitch angles. An illustrative calculation that combines the nominal pitch angle scattering rate due to whistler mode chorus at high pitch angles with the H+ band EMIC wave loss rate at low pitch angles produces loss on time scale observed at L=2.4–3.2. At high L values and lower energies, radial loss to the magnetopause is a viable explanation.
Upper Ocean Response to Rain Observed From a Vertical Profiler
Authors: ten Doeschate A. , Sutherland G. , Bellenger H. , Landwehr S. , Esters L. , Ward B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRainfall induces a vertical salinity gradient directly below the ocean surface, the strength and lifetime of which depend on the size of the rain event, the availability of mixing, and the air‐sea heat fluxes. The presence of rain in turn influences the near‐surface turbulent mixing and air‐sea exchange processes. During a campaign in the midlatitude North Atlantic, the Air‐Sea Interaction Profiler (ASIP) was used to investigate changes in the vertical distribution of salinity (S), temperature (T), and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (ϵ) caused by four rain events. During one of the rain events a strong shallow stratification was formed. The buoyancy effect of this freshwater lens changes the dominant wind‐driven turbulent mixing. The surface momentum flux was limited to a shallow layer, and below it ϵ is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude. For a different rain event of higher‐peak rain rate, the salinity anomaly is smaller and is dispersed deeper into the water column. The difference in ocean response shows that the upper ocean is sensitive to changes in the atmospheric forcing associated with the rain events. The observed salinity anomalies as a function of rain rate and wind speed are compared to relationships from studies with the 1‐D turbulence model GOTM and satellite validation. The observations suggest that the vertical salinity anomaly is best described as a function of total rain. A higher‐resolution prognostic model for sea surface salinity and temperature is shown to perform well in predicting the observed S and T anomalies.
Observations of 5.9‐GHz Radio Propagation and 802.11p Network Performance at Road Junctions
Authors: Clayton C. J. , Stocker A. J. , Alwane S. K. A. , Hassan D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe propagation of 5.9‐GHz radio signals and performance of an 802.11p network were measured at three road junctions each having a different density of buildings. The maximum range for which acceptable performance (defined as where the packet delivery ratio was greater than 90%) was dependent on the junction but lies in the range of 45–70 m. While reflections from transient vehicles were often found to have a small positive impact on network performance, this could not be relied upon to provide a reliable improvement in communications. The received signal strength was dependent on the junction type with the strong reflections from buildings located on the opposite side of a T‐junction leading to higher signal strength. Finally, an empirical relationship between the packet delivery ratio and the received signal strength has been established that will allow modelers to link signal strength to network performance for field conditions.
A Global Plate Model Including Lithospheric Deformation Along Major Rifts and Orogens Since the Triassic
Authors: Müller R. Dietmar , Zahirovic Sabin , Williams Simon E. , Cannon John , Seton Maria , Bower Dan J. , Tetley Michael G. , Heine Christian , Le Breton Eline , Liu Shaofeng , Russell Samuel H. J. , Yang Ting , Leonard Jonathon , Gurnis Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlobal deep‐time plate motion models have traditionally followed a classical rigid plate approach, even though plate deformation is known to be significant. Here we present a global Mesozoic–Cenozoic deforming plate motion model that captures the progressive extension of all continental margins since the initiation of rifting within Pangea at ~240 Ma. The model also includes major failed continental rifts and compressional deformation along collision zones. The outlines and timing of regional deformation episodes are reconstructed from a wealth of published regional tectonic models and associated geological and geophysical data. We reconstruct absolute plate motions in a mantle reference frame with a joint global inversion using hot spot tracks for the last 80 million years and minimizing global trench migration velocities and net lithospheric rotation. In our optimized model, net rotation is consistently below 0.2°/Myr, and trench migration scatter is substantially reduced. Distributed plate deformation reaches a Mesozoic peak of 30 × 106 km2 in the Late Jurassic (~160–155 Ma), driven by a vast network of rift systems. After a mid‐Cretaceous drop in deformation, it reaches a high of 48 x 106 km2 in the Late Eocene (~35 Ma), driven by the progressive growth of plate collisions and the formation of new rift systems. About a third of the continental crustal area has been deformed since 240 Ma, partitioned roughly into 65% extension and 35% compression. This community plate model provides a framework for building detailed regional deforming plate networks and form a constraint for models of basin evolution and the plate‐mantle system.
Investigation Parameters for Sound Induced by Fluid Displacement in Rock Samples
Authors: Mikhailov Dmitry , Sergeev Stanislav 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe conducted laboratory experiments to measure the sound produced during water‐by‐gas and kerosene‐by‐water displacements in samples of Indiana limestone and sandstones with different permeabilities. In water‐by‐gas displacement experiments, intensive sound was detected during the injection of hundreds of pore volumes and even when mobile water saturation was small (~1%). The sound was produced in a wide frequency range starting with frequencies less than 1 kHz; the upper frequencies varied from approximately 15 kHz for high‐permeability sandstone to almost 50 kHz for low‐permeability sandstone. In contrast to the experiments with gas flow through the dry rock samples, where sound appears only at high gas rates corresponding to the Forchheimer flow regime, the displacement produces sound at lower rates, corresponding to Darcy regime. Both the drop rate of sound emission and the sound intensity at the same mobile water saturation were determined to inversely depend on the rock permeability. We found that sound produced by sandstones shows a power law relationship between the number of events and their amplitudes, where the absolute value of the exponent also inversely depends on the rock permeability. In kerosene‐by‐water displacement experiments, the signal was observed at lower frequencies (up to 5 kHz) and only during injection of the first several pore volumes. A model describing the sound generation was suggested; the model considers acoustic events as a train of random pressure pulses corresponding to a Poisson point process. Simulation results demonstrated that the model reasonably reproduces the general trend of sound spectra produced by sandstones.
Elevation Drives Gradients in Surface Soil Temperature Within Salt Marshes
Authors: Alber Merryl , O'Connell Jessica L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevation differences in salt marshes result in numerous ecological consequences as a result of variation in tidal flooding. We demonstrate here that elevation differences are also negatively correlated with soil temperature on the marsh platform, irrespective of tidal flooding. Field observations of soil temperature at 10‐cm depth in a Georgia marsh showed that elevation increases of 0.5 m corresponded to decreases in average soil temperature of 0.9–1.7°C during both winter and summer. Landsat 8 estimates of land surface temperatures across the marsh in dry (nonflooded) scenes also showed that temperature decreased with increasing elevation, which was consistent with soil observations. Similar satellite results were also found in a test marsh in Virginia. Biological reactions are temperature‐dependent, and these findings indicate that metabolic processes will vary over short distances. This is important for accurately estimating marsh metabolism and predicting how changes in temperature will affect future productivity.
Contrasting Evaporative Responses of Ecosystems to Heatwaves Traced to the Opposing Roles of Vapor Pressure Deficit and Surface Resistance
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Dan , Liao Weilin , Rigden Angela , Wang Wen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the evaporative response of ecosystems to heatwaves is critical for managing ecosystem services and water resources, especially under a changing climate. In this study, we examine the land‐atmosphere exchange of water and heat fluxes under heatwave and nonheatwave conditions across five different land cover types, including grasslands, shrublands, croplands, deciduous broadleaf forests, and evergreen needleleaf forests, using data from eddy covariance towers. Results show that net radiation and sensible heat flux increase from nonheatwave to heatwave conditions across all five land cover types but latent heat flux shows contrasting responses to heatwaves. An attribution analysis further demonstrates that heatwave‐induced changes in evaporative fraction are mainly caused by changes in vapor pressure deficit (positive contribution) and changes in surface resistance (negative contribution). The imbalance between the positive and negative contributions varies across the five land cover types and is responsible for their contrasting evaporative responses to heatwaves.
Effective bias warm-up time reduction for MEMS gyroscopes based on active suppression of the coupling stiffness
Authors: Cui Jian , Zhao Qiancheng , Yan Guizhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBias warm-up time is the time required for MEMS gyroscopes to reach a relatively stable state with specified performance after the power supply is turned on, is a critical factor for short time-of-flight navigation applications. This paper demonstrates an effective method to improve the bias warm-up time of a custom-designed MEMS gyroscope operating in split-mode based on open-loop readout scheme with active suppression of the coupling stiffness (ASCS). A semi-quantitative mathematical model for the temperature sensitivity of the bias is established that indicates the resonant frequency of the primary mode, the frequency difference and the coupling stiffness between the primary and sense modes together with the demodulation phase error, and these are the main factors that affect bias warm-up time. Of all these parameters, the stiffness coupling variation contributes the most to the start-up warm-up time, followed by the phase error drift. The experimental result shows that the bias warm-up time decreases from 2000 to 2 s under the condition that the bias stability (1σ) falls into about 10 deg/h within an hour of testing time using closed-loop control for the coupling stiffness, resulting in a reduction of three orders of magnitude. In addition, the bias instability of the gyroscope is improved two-fold from 4 to 2 deg/h with ASCS.
Analysis and test of the central-blue-spot infall hallmark
Authors: Estalella R. , Anglada G. , Díaz-Rodríguez A. K. , Mayen-Gijon J. M. 
Published: May 2019

Aims. The infall of material onto a protostar, in the case of optically thick line emission, produces an asymmetry in the blue- and red-wing line emissions. For an angularly resolved emission, this translates in a blue central spot in the first-order moment (intensity weighted velocity) map.
Methods. An analytical expression for the first-order moment intensity as a function of the projected distance was derived, for the cases of infinite and finite infall radius. The effect of a finite angular resolution, which requires the numerical convolution with the beam, was also studied.
Results. This method was applied to existing data of several star-forming regions, namely G31.41+0.31 HMC, B335, and LDN 1287, obtaining good fits to the first-order moment intensity maps, and deriving values of the central masses onto which the infall is taking place (G31.41+0.31 HMC: 70–120 M⊙; B335: 0.1 M⊙; Guitar Core of LDN 1287: 4.8 M⊙). The central-blue-spot infall hallmark appears to be a robust and reliable indicator of infall.
Endoscopic augmentation of gastroesophageal junction using a full-thickness endoscopic suturing device
Authors: Han Jimin , Chin Matthew , Fortinsky Kyle J. , Sharaiha Reem , Gostout Christopher J. , Chang Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims This preliminary study was conducted to determine the feasibility and safety of endoscopic augmentation of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) using the Apollo OverStitch endoscopic suturing system in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms.
Patients and methods Endoscopic augmentation of GEJ was performed on 10 consecutive patients and the data were analyzed retrospectively. Using a double-channel gastroscope affixed to the endoscopic suturing platform, interrupted sutures were placed on the gastric side of the GEJ in 2 layers in order to create a narrowed and elongated GEJ.
Results Technical success was achieved in all patients, including those with a history of previous antireflux procedures (n = 7) and those with a hiatal hernia (n = 6). The median follow-up duration was 5 mo (range: 2 – 12). The median pre-procedure GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire improved from 20 (range: 11 – 45) to a post-procedure score of 6 (range: 3 – 25) (P = 0.001). The median duration of GERD symptom improvement after the procedure was 1 mo (range: 0.5 – 4). Adverse events were limited to 1 patient who developed nausea and vomiting, which was self-limited.
Conclusions The use of a novel endoscopic suturing technique for the treatment of GERD is feasible and safe. The procedure resulted in short-term GERD symptom improvement. Further prospective studies using refined techniques are currently underway to improve durability and to prove efficacy.
Messverfahren zur objektiven Beurteilung der nasalen
Durchgängigkeit
Authors: Giotakis Aris I. , Innerhofer Veronika , Vent Julia , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Riechelmann Herbert 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Notwendigkeit der objektiven Beurteilung der nasalen Durchgängigkeit im
Rahmen der rhinologischen und allergologischen Diagnostik hat zur Entwicklung
verschiedener Verfahren zur Bestimmung der nasalen Durchgängigkeit (engl.: nasal
patency) geführt. Hierzu zählen die aktive anteriore Rhinomanometrie, PNIF, die
akustische Rhinometrie, die Rhinostereometrie, die optische Rhinometrie, die
minimal cross sectional area Endoskopie, die nasale Schallspektralanalyse, die
Magnetresonanztomografie und die numerische Strömungssimulation. Der vorliegende
Beitrag gibt eine kurze Übersicht über derzeit gängige Verfahren.