bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Reducing Power of Plasma and Serum in Hypoprothrombinemia and Hemophilia
Authors: Pálos L. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNormal plasma (or serum) reduces methylene blue into its colourless leukomethylene blue form as a result of heating. If the prothrombin complex (= prothrombin + factors VII, IX and X) of the plasma is decreased by dicoumarin treatment or removed by adsorption, the reducing time of methylene blue will be shortened significantly. The plasma (serum) of hemophilic patients (type A), similarly to hypoprothrombinemia, reduced methylene blue more rapidly than the plasma (serum) of normal individuals. Our examinations indicated a competition for H+, between the prothrombin complex and methylene blue and between the antihemophilic globulin and methylene blue. If prothrombin complex or antihemophilic globulin are absent from the plasma, more H+ will be available for the methylene blue resulting in its more rapid reduction into the colourless form of leuko-methylene blue.The competition could be ėxplained that both prothrombin complex and antihemophilic globulin contain free -S-S bonds acting as an oxidizing—reducing system.
News and relations
Authors: Suhr Carla 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper is a pragma-philological examination of the textual labels and visual features in the titles and title pages of 53 early modern sensationalist news pamphlets. The analysis shows that certain textual labels are favored over others, that textual labels were not highlighted until the 1640s, and that before that time the overall visual layout of the title page was a more important genre marker than textual labels. These developments in the conventionalization of textual labels can be tied in with increasing literacy and access to printed texts of the unlearned masses that were the primary readership of these pamphlets.
Spatio-temporal systems in Chaucer
Authors: Nakayasu Minako 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper presents a systematic analysis of synchronic spatio-temporal systems in Chaucer’s language against the background of research in historical pragmatics and discourse analysis. The data consists of The Canterbury tales (fiction) and A treatise on the astrolabe (handbook). After defining spatio-temporal systems, I carry out a frequency study of the speaker’s use of spatio-temporal elements, by comparing the two registers and contrasting proximal and distal elements. A qualitative analysis then highlights typical patterns of spatio-temporal elements in discourse. It reveals how proximal or distal elements combine in conveying a proximal or distal perspective and how these perspectives change in discourse.
Common to the North of England and to New England
Authors: Ruano-García Javier 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the British English dialect material behind the compilation of John Russell Bartlett’s Dictionary of Americanisms. It focuses on evidence furnished by six historical dialect glossaries and dictionaries quoted by Bartlett, which include John Ray’s A collection of English words not generally used (1674, 1691) and James O. Halliwell’s Dictionary of archaic and provincial words (1847). My aim is to determine the function of these works in Bartlett’s dictionary, exploring their lexicographical treatment and their geographic labels, so as to ascertain whether the transatlantic link specified between varieties of American and British English relied on any of them in particular. I also examine the four editions of Bartlett’s dictionary and study the impact of the policy concerning the admission of Americanisms on the material found in British English regional sources.
Betwixt, amongst, and amidst
Authors: Hotta Ryuichi 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to examine, using historical corpora, the diachronic development of variants of the function words between, among, and amid with emphasis on the variants with final /st/, i.e. betwixt, amongst, and amidst. In Present-day English, the variants with final /st/ have a more formal, literary, or archaic ring to them than their counterparts without it. In older English, however, the former variants were more widely used than they are today. This paper addresses how individual variants – especially ones with final /st/ – came into being, how they competed with one another in terms of frequency in each period, and how this resulted in the Present-day English distribution.
Predictors and Long-term Outcome of Sexual Function After Surgical Treatment for Single-level Lumbar Disk Herniation Among Patients in a German Spine Center
Authors: Elsharkawy Alaa E. , Lange Bettina , Caldas Fernando , Alabbasi Abdel H. , Klassen Peter D. 
Published: June 2018

Study Design:This is a retrospective, self-controlled cohort study, at a single center.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of sexual function after surgical treatment of single-level lumbar disk herniation (LDH).Summary of Background Data:The impact of surgical treatment on sexual activity is still unknown and not well researched.Materials and Methods:In total, 114 patients who underwent disk surgery for LDH between 2009 and 2015 were included in the study (mean age, 46.9 y). Two separate questionnaires evaluating general health and all aspects of sexual function were administered to all patients.Results:Satisfaction with the overall outcome of surgery was reported by 84.2% of patients. In total, 82 patients (71.9%) rated their current sexual life as normal with no additional pain, 22 (19.3%) reported a normal sex life with some additional pain, and 2 reported that (2.6%) pain prevents them from having any sex life at all. Compared with their state before LDH and spine surgery, 79 patients (69.3%) rated their sexual function as quantitatively and qualitatively the same as before surgery, 19 patients (16.7%) as better, and 16 patients (14.0%) as worse. The ability to experience orgasm, complete intercourse, experience sexual desire, and experience sexual arousal was reported to be the same as before surgery by 87 (76.3%), 75 (65.8%), 79 (69.3%), and 85 (74.6%) patients, respectively. After surgery, 16 patients (14%) explored new sexual positions. Sexual function receives insufficient attention from physicians. Women reported more general and sexual problems such as decreased sexual desire and interest, taking medication, and seeking regular medical attention. Predictors of the outcome were leg pain, the intensity of back and leg pain, and the professional status of the patient.Conclusions:Lumbar disk surgery has a positive effect on sexual function. The majority of patients returned to their normal sexual activities in long-term follow-up.
Cochlear Patency After Translabyrinthine Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery
Authors: Hill Fiona C.E. , Grenness Alasdair , Withers Shannon , Iseli Claire , Briggs Robert 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
To determine the temporal occurrence of fluid signal changes on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2MRI) that occur in the cochlear lumen after translabyrinthine surgery.

Study Design:
Retrospective case control study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral neurotology center.

Subjects and Methods:
Seventy-one patients were identified who underwent translabyrinthine removal of a vestibular schwannoma between 2010 and 2014; of these 49 were included as they had postoperative T2 MRI at 6, 18, and 48 months available postsurgery. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were scored base on fluid signal changes within the cochlea.

Results:
In total, 147 magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed on 49 patients. In the cohort analysis 86% of patients showed evidence of fluid signal changes 48 months postoperatively. Ninety-five percent of patients who went on to demonstrate loss of fluid signal at 48 months had already shown changes at 6 months postsurgery. The majority of cochlea signal changes identified at 6 months were minor (72% Grade 1) while at 48 months this had progressed to severe (71% Grade 2 or 3). Of the patients with a normal cochlea at 6 months 78% maintained a normal cochlea to the 48-month scan.

Conclusion:
Cochlear signal changes suggestive of fibrosis occurred in most patients following translabyrinthine removal of vestibular schwannoma. Given the early onset of cochlear fluid signal changes on T2MRI, and the progression of these changes on subsequence imaging, cochlear implantation would ideally need to be performed either simultaneous to translabyrinthine surgery or as an early second-stage procedure to maximize the chance of a successful electrode insertion, or one can consider a placeholder as well.
CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein-mediated co-editing and counterselection in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Foster Andrew J. , Martin-Urdiroz Magdalena , Yan Xia , Wright Sabrina , Soanes Darren M. , Talbot Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is the most serious pathogen of cultivated rice and a significant threat to global food security. To accelerate targeted mutation and specific gene editing in this species, we have developed a rapid plasmid-free CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing method. It has previously been reported in M. oryzae that transformation with plasmids expressing Cas9 can generate specific mutations using sgRNAs, directing the endonuclease to specific genes. We show, however, that expression of Cas9 is highly toxic to M. oryzae, rendering this approach impractical. We demonstrate that using purified Cas9 pre-complexed to RNA guides to form ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), provides an alternative and very effective gene editing procedure. When used in combination with oligonucleotide or PCR-generated donor DNAs, generation of strains with specific base pair edits, in-locus gene replacements, or multiple gene edits, is very rapid and straightforward. Additionally, we report a novel counterselection strategy which allows creation of precisely edited fungal strains that contain no foreign DNA and are completely isogenic to the wild type. Together, these developments represent a scalable improvement in the precision and speed of genetic manipulation in M. oryzae and are likely to be broadly applicable to other fungal species.
Statin treatment and the risk of depression
Authors: Köhler-Forsberg Ole , Gasse Christiane , Petersen Liselotte , Nierenberg Andrew A. , Mors Ole , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe effect of statin treatment on the risk of developing depression remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between statin treatment and depression in a nationwide register-based cohort study with up to 20 years of follow up. We identified all statin users among all individuals born in Denmark between 1920 and 1983. One non-user was matched to each statin user based on age, sex and a propensity score taking several potential confounders into account. Using Cox regression we investigated the association between statin use and: I) redemption of prescriptions for antidepressants, II) redemption of prescriptions for any other drug, III) depression diagnosed at psychiatric hospitals, IV) cardiovascular mortality and V) all-cause mortality. A total of 193,977 statin users and 193,977 non-users were followed for 2,621,282 person-years. Statin use was associated with I) increased risk of antidepressant use (hazard rate ratio (HRR)=1.33; 95% confidence interval (95%-CI)=1.31-1.36), II) increased risk of any other prescription drug use (HRR=1.33; 95%-CI=1.31-1.35), III) increased risk of receiving a depression diagnosis (HRR=1.22, 95%-CI=1.12-1.32) - but not after adjusting for antidepressant use (HRR=1.07, 95%-CI=0.99- 1.15), IV) reduced cardiovascular mortality (HRR=0.92, 95%-CI=0.87-0.97) and V) reduced all-cause mortality (HRR=0.90, 95%-CI=0.88-0.92). These results suggest that the association between statin treatment and antidepressant use was unspecific (equivalent association between statins and other drugs) and that the association between statin use and depression diagnoses was mediated by antidepressant use. Thus, statin users and non-users appear to be equally likely to develop depression, but the depression is more often detected/treated among statin users.
Systematic biases in disease forecasting - the role of behavior change
Authors: Eksin Ceyhun , Paarporn Keith , Weitz Joshua S. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIn a simple susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, the initial speed at which infected cases increase is indicative of the long-term trajectory of the outbreak. Yet during real-world outbreaks, individuals may modify their behavior and take preventative steps to reduce infection risk. As a consequence, the relationship between the initial rate of spread and the final case count may become tenuous. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis by comparing the dynamics arising from a simple SIR epidemic model with those from a modified SIR model in which individuals reduce contacts as a function of the current or cumulative number of cases. Dynamics with behavior change exhibit significantly reduced final case counts even though the initial speed of disease spread is nearly identical for both of the models. We show that this difference in final size projections depends critically in the behavior change of individuals. These results also provide a rationale for integrating behavior change into iterative forecast models. Hence, we propose to use a Kalman filter to update models with and without behavior change as part of iterative forecasts. When the ground truth outbreak includes behavior change, sequential predictions using a simple SIR model perform poorly despite repeated observations while predictions using the modified SIR model are able to correct for initial forecast errors. These findings highlight the value of incorporating behavior change into baseline epidemic and dynamic forecast models.
Blind Restoration Algorithm Using Residual Measures for Motion-Blurred Noisy Images
Authors: Shah Mayana , Dalal U. D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Image de-blurring is an inverse problem whose intent is to recover an image from the image affected badly with different environmental conditions. Usually, blurring can happen in various ways; however, de-blurring from a motion problem with or without noise can pose an important problem that is difficult to solve with less computation task. The quality of the restored image in iterative methods of blind motion de-blurring depends on the regularization parameter and the iteration number, which can be automatically or manually stopped. Blind de-blurring and restoration employing image de-blurring and whiteness measures are proposed in this paper to automatically decide the number of iterations. The technique has three modules, namely image de-blurring module, whiteness measures module, and image estimation module. New whiteness measures of hole entropy and mean-square contingency coefficient have been proposed in the whiteness measures module. Initially, the blurred image is de-blurred by the employment of edge responses and image priors using point-spread function. Later, whiteness measures are computed for the de-blurred image and, finally, the best image is selected. The results are obtained for all eight whiteness measures by employing evaluation metrics of increase in signal-to-noise ratio (ISNR), mean-square error, and structural similarity index. The results are obtained from standard images, and performance analysis is made by varying parameters. The obtained results for synthetically blurred images are good even under a noisy condition with ΔISNR average values of 0.3066 dB. The proposed whiteness measures seek a powerful solution to iterative de-blurring algorithms in deciding automatic stopping criteria.
Prevalence of HFpEF in Isolated Severe Secondary Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Naser Jwan A. , Harada Tomonari , Reddy Yogesh N. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Michelena Hector I. , Scott Christopher G. , Kennedy Austin M. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Eleid Mackram F. , Borlaug Barry A. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceSecondary tricuspid regurgitation (STR) is observed in multiple cardiac and pulmonary diseases. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common cause of STR that may be overlooked, along with precapillary etiologies of pulmonary hypertension (PH).ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of HFpEF and precapillary PH in patients with severe STR of undefined etiology (isolated STR) referred for exercise right heart catheterization (RHC), and to evaluate the performance of noninvasive measures to identify HFpEF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study included consecutive adults with severe STR in the absence of EF less than 50%, hemodynamically significant left-sided valve disease, congenital heart disease, infiltrative or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, or prior cardiac procedures who underwent rest-and-exercise RHC between February 2006 and June 2023 at Mayo Clinic and transthoracic echocardiography less than 90 days prior. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) was defined by at least 3 of 4 or 2 of 3 abnormal diastolic parameters (medial e’, medial E/e’, tricuspid regurgitation [TR] velocity, left atrial volume index). HFpEF was diagnosed when pulmonary arterial wedge pressure was at least 15 mm Hg at rest, at least 19 mm Hg with feet up, or at least 25 mm Hg during exercise. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 to March 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe prevalence of HFpEF and precapillary PH in severe isolated STR was determined, and performance of noninvasive measures to identify HFpEF was evaluated.ResultsOverall, 54 patients with severe isolated STR (mean [SD] age, 70.8 [12.5] years; 34 [63%] female) were identified. The primary indication for RHC was evaluation of TR prior to potential intervention in 36 patients (67%), evaluation of PH in 13 (24%), and confirmation of HFpEF in 5 (9%). HFpEF was identified in 40 patients (74%) but was recognized prior to RHC in only 19 patients (35%). Of the 14 remaining patients without HFpEF, precapillary PH was diagnosed in 10 (71%). Guideline-defined DD was absent in 24 patients (60%) who were subsequently diagnosed with HFpEF. Left atrial emptying fraction (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98) and strain (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) had robust discrimination for HFpEF.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings suggest that HFpEF is underdiagnosed and should be rigorously evaluated for in patients with severe isolated STR, along with precapillary PH, as both have distinct requirements for management. Resting DD based on current guidelines is insufficiently sensitive in these patients, indicating a pressing need for other noninvasive diagnostic tools, such as left atrial function assessment.
Enhanced Macrophages Engulfment by Peptide‐Templated Nanoassemblies Targeting SIRPα and Suppressing Oxidative Stress for Atherosclerosis Pro‐Efferocytotic Therapy
Authors: Jiang Weixi , Wang Xiaoting , An Hongjin , Guo Xun , Chen Li , Yu Luodan , Chen Yu , Ren Jianli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrompt removal of apoptotic cells via macrophage‐mediated efferocytosis is an emerging approach for atherosclerosis treatment, because these diseased cells directly contribute to vascular inflammation and secondary necrosis in plaques. Despite blocking CD47 can restore impaired efferocytosis by inhibiting “don't eat me” signals, the currently available CD47 antibody (CD47‐Ab)‐based therapy may accelerate off‐target clearance of healthy cells due to the ubiquitous expression of CD47 on viable cells. Here, a peptide‐templated nanoassembly (PTna‐1) engineered to induce synergistic enhancement of engulfment by macrophages is reported. Through self‐assembled polypeptides with multiple functional motifs, the nanoassembly can specifically target p32‐overexpressing macrophages and bind to the Ig‐V‐like domain of SIRPα but not to CD47, thereby normalizing intraplaque efferocytosis and alleviating persistent inflammation. Concurrently, disassembled PTna‐1 released manganese porphyrins with photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging capability to suppress oxidative stress and synergistically enhance macrophage phagocytosis through the RhoA/ROCK1 pathway. Compared with CD47‐Abs, PTna‐1 promoted a more significant reduction in lesion area and plaque stabilization without affecting the incidence of anemia in atherosclerotic mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that PTna‐1 treatment decreased the expression of inflammation‐related proteins in plaques. Overall, these peptide‐driven nanoassemblies employing a SIRPα‐specific blockade strategy provide a distinct paradigm of pro‐efferocytotic therapy for atherosclerosis.
Electrostatic Field Regulate Interfacial Hole Transfer for Photocatalytic Valorization of Biopolyols
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Zhou Hongru , Kong Fanhao , Dou Zhaolin , Yang Jingxuan , Wang Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis has shown power in the valorization of biomass while controlling the selectivity is a long‐standing goal and challenge, especially for the complex and reactive bio‐polyols. The selectivity control of photocatalytic biopolyols reforming to formic acid (FA) or CO is realized via engineering the electrostatic field on TiO2 semiconductor. The electrostatic field is generated by surface modification with anion adsorbates, which can alter the trap states of photoexcited holes and regulate interfacial hole transfer to the surface‐bound species, thereby strongly affecting photocatalytic activity. Taking formic acid dehydration as an example, a shallow trap of photoexcited holes on pristine TiO2 favors the dehydration of FA to CO, while a deep trap of photoexcited holes after introduced anion adsorbates makes FA stable. Based on this result, the selectivity is successfully tuned in the photocatalytic oxidation of biopolyols via controlling electrostatic field. A wide range of biopolyols can be selectively converted into FA or CO. This work presents an effective strategy to manipulate reaction pathways via generating electric field.
Hyaluronic Acid‐Based 3D Bioprinted Hydrogel Structure for Directed Axonal Guidance and Modeling Innervation In Vitro
Authors: Honkamäki Laura , Kulta Oskari , Puistola Paula , Hopia Karoliina , Emeh Promise , Isosaari Lotta , Mörö Anni , Narkilahti Susanna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNeurons form predefined connections and innervate target tissues through elongating axons, which are crucial for the development, maturation, and function of these tissues. However, innervation is often overlooked in tissue engineering (TE) applications. Here, multimaterial 3D bioprinting is used to develop a novel 3D axonal guidance structure in vitro. The approach uses the stiffness difference of acellular hyaluronic acid‐based bioink printed as two alternating, parallel‐aligned filaments. The structure has soft passages incorporated with guidance cues for axonal elongation while the stiff bioink acts as a structural support and contact guidance. The mechanical properties and viscosity differences of the bioinks are confirmed. Additionally, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) ‐derived neurons form a 3D neuronal network in the softer bioink supplemented with guidance cues whereas the stiffer restricts the network formation. Successful 3D multimaterial bioprinting of the axonal structure enables complete innervation by peripheral neurons via soft passages within 14 days of culture. This model provides a novel, stable, and long‐term platform for studies of 3D innervation and axonal dynamics in health and disease.