bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Factors and Ultrasono-findings are Linked to Previous Atherosclerotic Burden and Recurrent Risk
Authors: Cho Kyoung J. , Kim Jihye , Jeon Soung H. , Kim Gyung W. 
Published: July 2019

Background:In the progression of atherosclerosis, platelet activation and the interaction of platelets with leukocytes play a crucial role in arterial thrombus formation and are associated with the pathophysiology of carotid and cerebrovascular disease (CVD), including ischemic stroke. With aged participants, we evaluated and followed up the change in circulating factor and platelet-leukocyte aggregate levels in participants with or without CVD history. This study investigated whether circulating factor changes and ultrasonographic characteristics link to CVD risk and other relating long-term outcomes.Materials & Methods:Two hundred fifteen participants who enrolled in the study were divided into two groups with CVD and without CVD history. We evaluated and analyzed the correlation between ultrasonography-based morphological characteristics and circulating factor-based functional changes in both groups.Results:There was no difference in p-selectin level between both groups. However, activated monocyte and platelet-monocyte aggregate levels were higher in patients with previous CVD than without previous CVD. Circulating factor and ultrasonographical characteristics were correlated in the group with CVD, whereas these factors were not correlated in the group without CVD.Conclusion:We found that circulating blood factor levels showed a different tendency in participants with and without CVD history. The results depict that atherosclerotic severity might depend on the history of CVD and progression of atherosclerosis. We suggest that the circulating factor levels, atherosclerotic severity, and history of CVD are considered in the observation of pathologic progression to manage the development of CVD risks and CVD relating outcomes.
What is Blockchain Technology and its Significance in the Current Healthcare System? A Brief Insight
Authors: Ahmad Syed S. , Khan Shahzad , Kamal Mohammad A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The promising eventual fate of blockchain in healthcare has a lot more extensive prospect.
Blockchain is a novel structure that gives another design to storage and trade of data among different members of
a particular network. In case of a hospital, blockchain takes into consideration the creation of a better treatment
structure by the expert doctor in order to arrange the meeting based on the symptoms of patients throughout the
world by the electronic system. Blockchain technology is crucial for biomedical and human services applications
as social insurance has turned out to be a standout among the most essential rising application areas of the blockchain
distributed ledger technology.

Result:
By and large, blockchain is treated as a conveyed record to store social insurance related information for
allocation, trading, dissecting, footage, and affirming purposes among accomplices. The advantage of blockchain
databases versus traditional dispersed databases is that they are decentralized, permanent, and perfected with
advanced digital payment frameworks and hash chain occasion structure. The blockchain code is an unlocked
resource and can be utilized, altered, and customized by its clients.

Conclusion:
Nowadays, blockchain is expected to be almost universally adopted across medical organizations
around the world. The purpose of this review article is to comprehend the current explored subjects, difficulties,
and future headings in regards to blockchain innovation from the specialized perspective in the health care system.
Healthcare-Associated Infections: Not Only a Clinical Burden, But a Forensic Point of View
Authors: Di Paolo Marco , Papi Luigi , Malacarne Paolo , Gori Federica , Turillazzi Emanuela 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) occur when patients receiving
treatment in a health care setting develop an infection. They represent a major public health problem,
requiring the integration of clinical medicine, pathology, epidemiology, laboratory sciences, and, finally,
forensic medicine.

Methods:
The determination of cause of death is fundamental not only in the cases of presumed malpractice
to ascertain the causal link with any negligent behavior both of health facilities and of individual
professionals, but also for epidemiological purposes since it may help to know the global burden of
HCAIs, that remains undetermined because of the difficulty of gathering reliable diagnostic data. A
complete methodological approach, integrating clinical data by means of autopsy and histological and
laboratory findings aiming to identify and demonstrate the host response to infectious insult, is mandatory
in HCAIs related deaths.

Results:
Important tasks for forensic specialists in hospitals and health services centers are the promotion
of transparency and open communication by health-care workers on the risk of HCAIs, thus facilitating
patients’ engagement and the implementation of educational interventions for professionals
aimed to improve their knowledge and adherence to prevention and control measures.

Conclusion:
HCAIs are a major problem for patient safety in every health-care facility and system
around the world and their control and prevention represent a challenging priority for healthcare institution
and workers committed to making healthcare safer. Clinicians are at the forefront in the war
against HCAIs, however, also forensic pathologists have a remarkable role.
Pesudomance sp. Bacteria Associated with Marine Sponge as a Promising and Sustainable Source of Bioactive Molecules
Authors: Nabil-Adam Asmaa , Shreadah Mohamed A. , Abd El Moneam Nehad M. , El-assar Samy A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The study was conducted to identify the bacterial strain associated with marine
sponge Hyrtiosaff. erectus collected from the Red Sea coastal water and to assess the utilization of
their secondary metabolites for human benefit as antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-viral, anticancer and
anti-inflammatory agent.

Methods:
After biochemical identification of Pesudomance sp. bacterial strain, the total polyphenol
contents, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-viral, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity
of the Pesudomance sp. ethyl acetate extract were investigated by applying different biochemical
assays. Polyphenol contents were investigated using spectrophotometric techniques. Antioxidant
activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and 2,2/-azino-bis
(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radical scavenging activity assays. The cytotoxic effects
were investigated by using the human cancerous cell lines.

Results:
The anti-Alzheimer, anti-viral, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities were determined
using ELISA. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the Pesudomance sp. extract demonstrated the
presence of a large and diverse group of substances such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols,
terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The strong antioxidant activity of the Pesudomance sp. extract
was mainly attributed to the protective role of polyphenols against reactive oxygen. It was also observed
that Pesudomance sp. extract possessed significant anti-Alzheimer activity with 94% at 1 mg.
The extract showed also high antiviral activity (90%) using reverse transcriptase enzymes inhibition
assay. The examination of the anticancer activity by applying two experimental models, i.e., PTK and
SHKI cleared out high significant percentages of 76.19 and 83.09 %; respectively.

Conclusion:
The anti-inflammatory profiling using TNF, COX1, COX2, IL6 also revealed high antiinflammatory
activity with different metabolic pathway of 62.70, 75.444, 79.27 and 54.15 %; respectively.
The present study concluded that ethyl acetate extract of Pesudomance sp. possessed strong antioxidant,
anti-Alzheimer, and anti-viral, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Further studies
are required to purify the bioactive compounds.
Pharmaco-Analytical Study and Phytochemical Profile of Hydroethanolic Extract of Algerian Prickly Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica.L)
Authors: Benattia Farah K. , Arrar Zoheir , Dergal Fayçal , Khabbal Youssef 
Published: July 2019

Background:"Opuntia ficus-indica" (prickly pear) is the cactus member of the Cactaceae family as an important nutrient and food source.Objective:The purpose of this study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of hydroalcoholic extract of prickly pear seeds that cause therapeutic effects.Method:Phytochemical screening based on simple tests and determination of secondary metabolites were performed by High-Performance Liquid with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis. For the pharmacological studies, the anti-inflammatory activity in rats was evaluated by carrageenaninduced inflammation, the description of the sedative activity was carried to the following behavioural tests, and the analgesic effect of the extract was assessed by the resistance induced by acetic acid, and the tail immersion test in mice.Results:The test drug at 500 mg/kg dose showed a significant increase in mean latency in the TAIL FLICK test, and a decrease in the average number of twisting movements in the KOSTER test, thus, a significant anti-inflammatory activity in the pattern of paw edema induced by carrageenan, and an important sedative effect on the central nervous system.Conclusion:These data suggest that the seeds of the cactus "Opuntia ficus-indica" could be a potential source of natural compound and reveal that the hydroethanolic extract of this species is a promising source, as well as a therapeutic agent for the research of new natural active ingredients.
Chitosan-Coated Alginate Nanoparticles Enhanced Absorption Profile of Insulin Via Oral Administration
Authors: Jaafar Mohd H.M. , Hamid Khuriah A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
In this study, four nanoparticle formulations (F1 to F4) comprising varying
ratios of alginate, Pluronic F-68 and calcium chloride with a constant amount of insulin and chitosan as a
coating material were prepared using polyelectrolyte complexation and ionotropic gelation methods to
protect insulin against enzymatic degradation.

Methods:
This study describes the formulation design, optimisation, characterisation and evaluation of
insulin concentration via oral delivery in rats. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) method was developed and validated to quantify insulin concentration in rat plasma. The
proposed method produced a linear response over the concentration range of 0.39 to 50 µg/ml.

Results:
In vitro release study showed that dissolution of insulin in simulated gastric juice of pH 1.2 was
prevented by alginate core and chitosan coating but rapidly released in simulated intestinal fluid (pH
6.8). Additionally, Formulation 3 (F3) has a particle size of 340.40 ± 2.39 nm with narrow uniformity
exhibiting encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 72.78 ± 1.25 % produced highest absorption profile of insulin
with a bioavailability of 40.23 ±1.29% and reduced blood glucose after its oral administration in rats.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, insulin oral delivery system containing alginate and chitosan as a coating
material has the ability to protect the insulin from enzymatic degradation thus enhance its absorption in
the intestine. However, more work should be done for instance to involve human study to materialise
this delivery system for human use.
The Effect of Prescription on the Framework of Lipid Matrix and In Vitro Properties
Authors: Chu Xiao-qin , Zhang Yong , Huang Jie , Li Qian , Li Zheng-guang , Jiang Jian-qin , Gui Shuang-ying 
Published: July 2019

Purpose:
To clarify the inner framework and relative properties in vitro of Lyotropic liquid
crystal (LLC) based on various prescriptions by using hydrophilic sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) and
lipophilic cinnamaldehyde (CA) as model drugs.

Methods:
Phase structures were checked by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and small-angle X-ray
scattering (SAXS). Rheological studies and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared
(ATR-FTIR) analysis were carried out to reveal their molecular interactions. In vitro release and skin
permeation were conducted by Franz diffusion cell.

Results:
PLM and SAXS showed double diamond cubic crystal. All the samples displayed characteristics
of non-Newtonian fluid, and the molecular interactions increased with the reducing water. ATRFTIR
showed that the strongest strength of hydrogen bond emerged in the formulation with 32% water.
Released SH of S2 and S3 arrived over 80%, while S1 only reached 45%, and that of CA was about
23%. Water-rich prescription gave higher percutaneous penetration for hydrophilic drugs, whereas no
significant difference existed in CA permeation.

Conclusion:
Proportion of Phytantriol to water determined the LLC assembling and affected the
dissolving status of hydrophilic substance, thereby impacting on the location sites of guest molecular
interactions among the substances, rheology properties, and finally the release and penetration behavior
in vitro. Adjusting the basic prescription was the key to obtain satisfactory percutaneous delivery and
stability for LLC carrying multi-therapeutic agents.
Vascular Morphology has No Direct Relationship with Atherosclerotic Plaque Burden in Patients with Symptomatic Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis
Authors: Liu Lu , Huo Chengju , Sun Hao , Yang Hua , Zhang Rui , Wang Lexin , Xia Zhangyong 
Published: July 2019

Background:The vascular morphology and the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) have not been fully studied with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI).Objectives:HR-MRI was applied to investigate vascular morphology and atherosclerotic plaque in patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis.Materials and Methods:A total of 343 patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis were enrolled in this study. All the patients were examined by HR-MRI to analyze the morphology of MCA and the M1 segment (MCA-M1), the characteristics and the location of the plaques.Results:The proportion of L-shaped MCA-M1 decreased, while the proportion of S-shaped MCAM1 increased with age. The anterior plaques were the most common in all the patients. The superior plaques were relatively common in patients with L-shaped and U-shaped MCA-M1, while the inferior plaques were relatively common in patients with inverted U-shaped and S-shaped MCAM1. Among all the plaques, the majority were isointense or heterogeneous. The MCA-M1 morphology had no direct relationship with the common risk factors of atherosclerosis and the clinical outcomes of the patients after 12 months of follow up.Conclusion:The morphology of MCA-M1 is not directly related to the plaque burden or the degree of stenosis in patients with symptomatic MCA stenosis. The morphology of MCA-M1 is not associated with the risk factors of atherosclerosis, or the clinical outcomes of the patients.
Human Fetal Pigmented Ciliary Epithelium Stem Cells have Regenerative Capacity in the Murine Retinal Degeneration Model of Laser Injury
Authors: Bammidi Sridhar , Modgil Shweta , Kalra Jaswinder , Anand Akshay 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Retinal degeneration and related eye disorders have limited treatment interventions.
Since stem cell therapy has shown promising results, ciliary epithelium (CE) derived
stem cells could be a better choice given the fact that cells from eye niche can better integrate with
the degenerating retina, rewiring the synaptic damage.

Objective:
To test the effect of human fetal pigmented ciliary epithelium-derived neurospheres in
the mouse model of laser-induced retinal degeneration.

Methods:
C57 male mice were subjected to retinal injury by Laser photocoagulation. Human fetal
pigmented ciliary epithelium was obtained from post-aborted human eyeballs and cultured with
epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF). The six day neurospheres
were isolated, dissociated and transplanted into the subretinal space of the laser injured mice at the
closest proximity to Laser shots. Mice were analyzed for functional vision through electroretinogram
(ERG) and sacrificed at 1 week and 12 week time points. Retinal, Neurotropic, Apoptotic
and proliferation markers were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results:
The CE neurospheres showed an increase in the expression of candidate genes analyzed
in the study at 1 week time point, which sustained for longer time point of 12 weeks.

Conclusions:
We showed the efficacy of human CE cells in the regeneration of retinal degeneration
in murine model for the first time. CE cells need to be explored comprehensively both in disease
and degeneration.
High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Jiann-Der , Hu Ya-Han , Lee Meng , Huang Yen-Chu , Kuo Ya-Wen , Lee Tsong-Hai 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose:
Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability
and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased
awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk
factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts
associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR).

Methods:
We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics
between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression
and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses.

Results:
Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression
analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI
1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major
factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic
stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups
(with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no
prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively).

Conclusions:
Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR
by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients
with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of
OSR.
Herbal Medicine for Vascular Dementia: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Authors: Kim Tae-Hun , Kang Jung Won 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:Vascular dementia (VaD), a severe neurologic condition related to aging of the cerebrovascular structure, has been treated with herbal medications and products. In this overview of systematic reviews (SRs) on the effects of herbal medications, we aimed to summarize the current clinical evidence on the benefits of herbal drugs and to propose an evidence map outlining their effects on VaD.Methods:SRs assessing their effects on cognitive function or performance and the associated safety, published until December 2018, were located from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System. A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 was used to assess their overall confidence. A bubble plot was proposed to present the depth and width of the current status of the evidence supporting the use of individual herbal drugs.Results:Ten SRs (4 on individual herbal medications and 6 on various herbal drugs) were included. The overall evidence on herbal medicines suggests that they are effective in improving cognitive function and performance. Individual herbal medications including FuFangHaiShe, NaoXinTong, YinDanXing- NaoTong, NaoMaiTai, ShenFuTang, and TongXinLuo showed favourable effects when assessed via a minimal mental state examination score but have limited evidence supporting their effectiveness due to the scarcity of randomized controlled trials. Concerning safety, most SRs did not outline the estimated risk ratio of adverse events.Conclusions:Herbal medications might have benefits for VaD patients but they need to be evaluated further.
Antimicrobial Peptides: An Approach to Combat Resilient Infections
Authors: Parai Debaprasad , Dey Pia , Mukherjee Samir K. 
Published: July 2019

Background:It was apparent by the end of 1980s that the success against the threats of bacterial pathogens on public health was an illusion, with the rapid development of resistant strains more than the discovery of new drugs. As a consequence, the remedial services were in the backfoot position of being on the losing side of this never-ending evolutionary war. The quest for new antibiotics to overcome resistance problems has long been a top research priority for the researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. However, the resistance problems remain unresolved due to the abrupt misuse of antibiotics by common people, which has immensely worsened the scenario by disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains around the world.Objective:Thus, immediate action is needed to measure emerging and re-emerging microbial diseases having new resistance mechanisms and to manage their rapid spread among the common public by means of novel alternative metabolites.Conclusion:Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic peptides evolved in a wide range of living organisms and serve as the essential part of the host innate immunity. For humans, these effector molecules either can directly kill the foreign microbes or modulate the host immune systems so that the human body could develop some resistance against the microbial infections. In this review, we discuss their history, structural classifications, modes of action, and explain their biological roles as anti-infective agents. We also scrutinize their clinical potentiality, current limitations in various developmental stages and strategies to overcome for their successful clinical applications.
Antitumor Activity of Cyclodextrin-based Supramolecular Platinum Prodrug In vitro and In vivo
Authors: Zhang Yu-Hui , Wang Jie , Xin Siqintana , Wang Li-Juan , Sheng Xianliang 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Considering the limitations of cisplatin in clinical application, there is
ongoing research to fabricate new platinum-containing prodrug which are highly effective to tumor
cells and have low toxicity to normal cells.

Methods:
In this study, a cyclodextrin-based supramolecular platinum prodrug that is 6,6’-ophenylenediseleno-
bridged bis (β-cyclodextrin)s (CD) and its potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II)
complex was reported. The cytotoxicity experiments were performed to evaluate the anticancer
activities of supramolecular prodrug in vitro by means of MTT assay. The practical application of
supramolecular prodrug in tumor treatment in vivo were evaluated using BALB/c nude mice model
bearing Hela cancer cells.

Results:
Compared with commercial anticancer drug cisplatin, the resultant cyclodextrin-based
platinum prodrug exhibited comparative anticancer effect but with much lower toxicity side effects
in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion:
The cyclodextrin-based supramolecular platinum prodrug displayed antitumor activity
comparable to the commercial antitumor drug cisplatin but with lower side effects both in vitro and
in vivo, implying that the two adjacent cyclodextrin cavities not merely act as desired solubilizer,
but also endowed the prodrug with cell permeability through the interaction of cyclodextrin with
phospholipids and cholesterol on cell membrane.