bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of local human resources and its effect on foreign subsidiaries in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Manami , Ando Naoki , Nishikawa Hidehiko 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate three different orientations of recruitment (profession-sensitive, language-sensitive and interculture-sensitive recruitment) and their effect on the foreign subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs).

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines the relationship among three different orientations of recruitment and knowledge transfer from parent firms to foreign subsidiaries. Data are collected from local managers in MNCs’ subsidiaries operating in Japan using a questionnaire. The hypotheses are tested by using ordinary least squares resression (OLS).

Findings
The results of this study indicate that each of the three orientations of recruitment positively influences the knowledge transfer of MNCs. In particular, the positive effect of profession-sensitive recruitment is enhanced when foreign subsidiaries are established through acquisition. The positive effect of interculture-sensitive recruitment on knowledge transfer is also strengthened by offering professional training.

Research limitations/implications
This study is subject to several limitations. The sample size is small, and the data were collected from a single country. In addition, the respondents’ positions in an organizational hierarchy have not been taken into account. Despite these limitations, this study can be considered the first step toward future research on the relationship between different orientations of recruitment and intra-organizational knowledge transfer.

Practical implications
The results of this study indicate that not only profession-sensitive recruitment but also language-sensitive and interculture-sensitive recruitment are important for intra-organizational knowledge sharing. This study suggests that local employees with intercultural competence have the potential to improve subsidiary performance through knowledge sharing with parent firms if they are provided with professional training.

Originality/value
This study has empirically examined the complex mechanism of the three important factors (professional, language and intercultural competence) in recruitment and their influence on knowledge transfer. In particular, this study emphasizes language-sensitive recruitment and interculture-sensitive recruitment, which have received less attention than profession-sensitive recruitment in international business research. Moreover, this study focuses on the relationship between recruitment and knowledge sharing in a cross-border setting, which few studies in the human resource management area have examined.
On occurrence of point singularities in orthorhombic media
Authors: Ivanov Yuriy 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDegeneracies of the slowness surfaces of shear (and compressional) waves in low‐symmetry anisotropic media (such as orthorhombic), known as point singularities, pose difficulties during modelling and inversion, but can be potentially used in the latter as model parameter constraints. I analyse the quantity and spatial arrangement of point singularities in orthorhombic media, as well as their relation to the overall strength of velocity anisotropy. A classification scheme based on the number and spatial distribution of singularity directions is proposed. In normal orthorhombic models (where the principal shear moduli are smaller than the principal compressional moduli), point singularities can only be arranged in three distinct patterns, and media with the theoretical minimum (0) and maximum (16) number of singularities are not possible. In orthorhombic models resulting from embedding vertical fractures in transversely isotropic background, only two singularity distributions are possible, in contrast to what was previously thought. Although the total number of singularities is independent of the overall anisotropy strength, for general (non‐normal) orthorhombic models, different spatial distributions of singularities become more probable with increasing magnitude of anisotropy.
Reversing the effects of evolutionary prey naiveté through controlled predator exposure
Authors: Ross Alexandra K. , Letnic Mike , Blumstein Daniel T. , Moseby Katherine E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Inappropriate anti‐predator responses (naiveté) towards introduced predators is a key factor contributing to the extinction and endangerment of prey species world‐wide and the failure of wildlife reintroductions. Here, we test the idea that success of reintroduction can be improved by exposing a predator naïve prey species to introduced predators under controlled conditions (in situ predation) prior to reintroduction, such that prey adopt increased wary behaviours to aid in survival.

We exposed a population of a naïve marsupial, the greater bilby (Macrotis lagotis), to a controlled number of introduced predators (feral cats, Felis catus) for 2 years within a large fenced paddock and then compared the pre‐release behaviour and post‐translocation survival of predator‐exposed and predator‐naïve bilbies over 40 days.

Behavioural assays conducted in a small pen prior to reintroduction suggested that predator‐exposed bilbies were warier as they spent less time moving and more time in cover than predator naïve bilbies.

After translocation, predator‐exposed bilbies were more likely to survive to 40 days and were less likely to be preyed upon by cats than predator‐free bilbies.

Synthesis and applications. Naiveté towards predators is a major problem thwarting successful reintroductions world‐wide. Our study demonstrates that exposure to predators under controlled conditions can increase survival of reintroduced prey and is a promising approach to overcome the problem of naiveté towards introduced predators and the global problem of prey naiveté. Future conservation of naïve prey species may depend on such training methods prior to releasing into areas where predators are present.
Image quality comparison between model‐based iterative reconstruction and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction chest computed tomography in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Lin Sandra , Lin Monica , Lau Kenneth K 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionCystic fibrosis (CF) predominantly affects young adults. Accurate radiological assessment of pulmonary disease is vital for predicting exacerbations, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the image quality of model‐based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) ultra‐low‐dose CT chest (ULD‐CT) in CF evaluation.MethodsWe compared ULD‐CT with standard adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) low‐dose CT (LD‐CT). Subjective assessment of contrast and noise were performed for each study. Background noise, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated and compared between the CT studies. Conspicuity of major structures was assessed. These aspects of image quality were compared to determine whether ULD‐CT was superior to LD‐CT in assessment of CF.ResultsThe ULD‐CT achieved median effective dose of 0.073 mSv, comparable to one standard chest radiograph and significantly lower than the median LD‐CT dose of 1.22 mSv. ULD‐CT had lower subjective contrast and higher subjective noise when compared to LD‐CT. Objectively measured background noise was lower in ULD‐CT (16.33 HU vs 38.53 HU, P < 0.0001) compared to LD‐CT. ULD‐CT had higher median CNR (52.65 vs 22.09, P < 0.0001) and SNR in lung (9.08 vs 7.29, P = 0.002) compared to LD‐CT. ULD‐CT was equal to LD‐CT in identification of trachea, bronchi, pleural and pericardium. Interobserver reliability showed agreement of 80–92%.ConclusionsThe image quality of ULD‐CT is similar to LD‐CT, at 1/16th the dose. MBIR constructed ULD‐CT is an effective imaging modality for CF surveillance, with potential applications in other disease settings.
Increased risk of opportunistic infection in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kim Hyoungyoung , Cho Soo‐Kyung , Lee Jiyoung , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo estimate incidence rate (IR) and risk factors for opportunistic infections (OI) in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsRetrospective cohorts were identified in the Korean National Claims Database. Incident RA cases were recruited in 2010 (n = 14 081). Follow up was ended at the time of development of new OI or at the date of last visit within 12 months of diagnosis. The IR and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of OI in early and overall RA (n = 226 838) over a year were calculated. A multivariable regression model was used to identify risk factors for OI in early RA.ResultsThe IR of OI in early and overall RA were 3.81/100 and 3.67/100 person‐years, respectively. The SIR for OI in early RA was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05‐1.23). Herpes zoster (SIR = 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03‐1.22) and candidiasis (SIR = 2.40, 95% CI, 1.55‐3.54) were common in early RA. Age (50 < age ≤ 60 [OR 1.74, 95% CI, 1.30‐2.33], 60 < age ≤ 70 [OR 1.85, 95% CI, 1.36‐2.52], age > 70 [OR 1.89, 95% CI, 1.34‐2.68]), female sex (OR 1.40, 95% CI, 1.12‐1.74), comorbidities (one comorbidity [OR 1.53, 95% CI, 1.24‐1.89], ≥ two comorbidities [OR 1.84, 95% CI, 1.47‐2.29]), and corticosteroid use of 5 mg/d or more (OR 1.38, 95% CI, 1.13‐1.69) were significantly associated with increased risk of OI in early RA.ConclusionOpportunistic infections, especially for herpes zoster and candidiasis, tend to occur more often in early RA than in overall RA. Age, female sex, comorbidities and corticosteroid use are related to increased OI in early RA patients.
The Price of Being Foreign: Stock Market Penalties Associated with Accounting Irregularities for U.S.‐Listed Foreign Firms
Authors: Ge Weili , Matsumoto Dawn , Wang Emily Jing , Zhang Jenny Li , Thomas Wayne 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe examine the stock market consequences of disclosing accounting irregularities for U.S.‐listed foreign firms. After controlling for the severity of the irregularity and other firm characteristics, we find that foreign firms experience significantly more negative short‐window stock market reactions following irregularity announcements than do U.S. firms. Moreover, for a subsample of 64 irregularities of foreign firms that are listed on both a U.S. and home country stock exchange, we find evidence that restating firms' U.S. investors react more negatively to the same irregularity than their home country investors. This differential market reaction appears related to firm‐specific information risks that are greater for foreign firms than U.S. firms. Collectively, consistent with the reputational bonding hypothesis in prior literature, our results suggest that accounting irregularities cause U.S. investors to reassess the information risk associated with foreign firms.
Comparing the relation between ultrasound‐estimated fetal weight and birthweight in cohort of small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses
Authors: Stephens Katie , Al‐Memar Maya , Beattie‐Jones Suzanne , Dhanjal Mandish , Mappouridou Stephanie , Thorne Elizabeth , Lees Christoph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionSmall‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) confers a higher perinatal risk of adverse outcomes. Birthweight cannot be accurately measured until delivery, therefore accurate estimated fetal weight (EFW) based on ultrasonography is important in identifying this high‐risk population. We aimed to establish the sensitivity of detecting SGA infants antenatally in a unit with a selective third‐trimester ultrasound policy and to investigate the association between EFW and birthweight in these babies.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on non‐anomalous singleton pregnancies delivered after 36 weeks of gestation where SGA (<10th percentile) was diagnosed at delivery. The EFW at the time of the third‐trimester ultrasound scan was recorded using standard Hadlock formulae.ResultsIn 2017, there were 8392 non‐anomalous singleton pregnancies live born after 36 weeks, excluding late bookers. 797 were live‐born SGA <10th percentile for birthweight and 464 <5th percentile, who met our inclusion criteria. The antenatal detection rate of SGA was 19.6% for babies with birthweight <10th percentile and 24.1% <5th percentile. There was a significant correlation between the EFW and birthweight of fetuses undergoing ultrasound assessment within 2 weeks of delivery (P < .001, r = 0.73 (Pearson correlation). For these cases, EFW was greater than the birthweight in 65% of cases. After adjusting all EFWs using the discrepancy between EFW and actual birthweight for those babies born within 48 hours of the scan, the mean difference between the birthweight and adjusted EFW 7 days before delivery was 111 g (95% CI 87‐136 g) and at 14 days was 200 g (95% CI 153‐248 g). Despite adjusting the EFW, 61/213 cases (28.6%) apparently lost weight between the ultrasound scan and delivery.ConclusionsSmall‐for‐gestational‐age infants with a birthweight <10th percentile are poorly identified antenatally with little improvement for those <5th percentile. In SGA babies, ultrasound EFW overestimated birthweight. Discrepancies between birthweight and EFW are not explicable only by the limitations of third‐trimester sonography, a reduction in fetal weight close to delivery in a proportion of liveborn SGA babies is plausible.
Brain activity patterns of phonemic representations are atypical in beginning readers with family risk for dyslexia
Authors: Vandermosten Maaike , Correia Joao , Vanderauwera Jolijn , Wouters Jan , Ghesquière Pol , Bonte Milene 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate whether phonological deficits in dyslexics should be attributed to (a) less specified representations of speech sounds, like suggested by studies in young children with a familial risk for dyslexia, or (b) to an impaired access to these phonemic representations, as suggested by studies in adults with dyslexia. These conflicting findings are rooted in between study differences in sample characteristics and/or testing techniques. The current study uses the same multivariate functional MRI (fMRI) approach as previously used in adults with dyslexia to investigate phonemic representations in 30 beginning readers with a familial risk and 24 beginning readers without a familial risk of dyslexia, of whom 20 were later retrospectively classified as dyslexic. Based on fMRI response patterns evoked by listening to different utterances of /bA/ and /dA/ sounds, multivoxel analyses indicate that the underlying activation patterns of the two phonemes were distinct in children with a low family risk but not in children with high family risk. However, no group differences were observed between children that were later classified as typical versus dyslexic readers, regardless of their family risk status, indicating that poor phonemic representations constitute a risk for dyslexia but are not sufficient to result in reading problems. We hypothesize that poor phonemic representations are trait (family risk) and not state (dyslexia) dependent, and that representational deficits only lead to reading difficulties when they are present in conjunction with other neuroanatomical or—functional deficits.
Baseline hs‐CRP predicts hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Carbone Federico , Elia Edorado , Casula Matteo , Bonaventura Aldo , Liberale Luca , Bertolotto Maria , Artom Nathan , Minetti Silvia , Dallegri Franco , Contini Paola , Verzola Daniela , Pontremoli Roberto , Viazzi Franesca , Viviani Giorgio Luciano , Bertolini Stefano , Pende Aldo , Pisciotta Livia , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundInflammation, overweight and other cardiovascular risk factors might negatively impact on hypertension remission in metabolic syndrome (MetS), independently of the pharmacological treatment. Here, the potential influence of systemic inflammation (assessed by serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hs‐CRP]) on hypertension remission will be investigated in a cohort of hypertensive patients with MetS.Material and MethodsHypertensive patients with MetS (n = 100) were enrolled, treated under current behavior/dietary/pharmacological recommendations and followed up for 12 months. All patients received medications and nutritional advice based on Mediterranean‐like dietary pattern in addition to psychological and physical activity counselling. At baseline (T0), 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) months of follow‐up, clinical data, haematological and biochemical profiles and serum hs‐CRP were measured.ResultsAs compared to T0, at T2 patients displayed improvements in anthropometric and metabolic profiles. At T2, the hypertension remission rate was 13.0%. Serum hs‐CRP did not change overtime in the overall cohort. Surprisingly, patients who experienced hypertension remission were less treated with antihypertensive drugs, but developed a weak improvement in anthropometric measures during follow‐up. The hypertension remission group had lower baseline levels of hs‐CRP as compared to non‐remission. Low baseline hs‐CRP (<2 µg/mL, cut‐off value identified by ROC curve) predicted hypertension remission, independently of antihypertensive treatment implementation, baseline systolic blood pressure and waist circumference improvement.ConclusionsRemission of hypertension in MetS is independently associated with baseline low CRP levels, which might suggest a critical role for inflammation in sustaining high blood pressure levels.
Sex differences in behavior and neuropharmacology of zebrafish
Authors: Genario Rafael , de Abreu Murilo S. , Giacomini Ana C.V.V. , Demin Konstantin A. , Kalueff Allan V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSex is an important variable in biomedical research. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly utilized as a powerful new model organism in translational neuroscience and pharmacology. Mounting evidence indicates important sex differences in zebrafish behavioral and neuropharmacological responses. Here, we discuss the role of sex in zebrafish central nervous system (CNS) models, their molecular mechanisms, recent findings and the existing challenges in this field. We also emphasize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational neuropharmacological research of sex differences, fostering future CNS drug discovery and the search for novel sex‐specific therapies. Finally, we highlight the interplay between sex and environment in zebrafish models of sex‐environment correlations as an important strategy of CNS disease modeling using this aquatic organism.
Fulfilling information needs of patients in online health communities
Authors: Chen Donghua , Zhang Runtong , Feng Jiayi , Liu Kecheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnline health communities (OHCs) experience difficulties in utilising patient reported posts to fulfil the information needs of online patients concerning health related issues.ObjectivesWe aim to propose a comprehensive method that leverages medical domain knowledge to extract useful information from posts to fulfil information needs of online patients.MethodsA knowledge representation framework based on authoritative knowledge sources in the medical field for the OHC is proposed. On the basis of the framework, a health related information extraction process for analysing the posts in the OHC is proposed. Then, knowledge support rate (KSR) and effective information rate (EIR) are introduced as metrics to evaluate changes in knowledge extracted from the knowledge sources in terms of fulfilling the information needs of patients in the OHC.ResultsOn the basis of a data set with 372 343 posts in an OHC, experimental results indicate that our method effectively extracts relevant knowledge for online patients. Moreover, KSR and EIR are feasible metrics of changes in knowledge in terms of fulfilling the information needs.ConclusionsThe OHCs effectively fulfil the information needs of patients by utilising authoritative domain knowledge in the medical field. Knowledge based services for online patients facilitate an intelligent OHC in the future.
Development and initial validation of a Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire to assess critical care nurses’ intention to use physical restraints
Authors: Via‐Clavero Gemma , Guàrdia‐Olmos Joan , Gallart‐Vivé Elisabeth , Arias‐Rivera Susana , Castanera‐Duro Aaron , Delgado‐Hito Pilar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo develop and psychometrically test a Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) questionnaire to assess nurses’ intention to use physical restraints (PRs) in intubated patients.DesignA psychometric instrument validation study conducted in three phases.MethodsA theory‐driven questionnaire was developed. Eight experts validated the content of the preliminary 58‐item questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted including 101 critical care nurses to test the reliability of the items. Construct validity and reliability were tested in a cross‐sectional study of 12 units from eight hospitals in Spain (N = 354) from October ‐ December 2017. Participants completed the questions based on the TPB, and socio‐demographic and professional variables.ResultsThe instrument comprised 48 items. All the direct and indirect constructs exhibited acceptable reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated satisfactory fit indices for factorial structure according to the TPB. Nurses showed favourable attitudes, low perception of social pressure and modest perception of behaviour control. Perceived behavioural control and attitude were moderately positively correlated with the intention to use restraints, whereas subjective norm revealed the lowest correlation. Overall, the model explained 33% of the variance in intention.ConclusionsThe Physical Restraint TPB questionnaire is a 48‐item self‐reporting theoretically based instrument with acceptable reliability and construct validity to identify nurses’ intentions to use PRs in intubated patients.ImpactUnravelling the key determinants of nurses’ intentions to use PRs should be examined to tailor quality improvement projects aimed at de‐implementing restraints use in practice and to promote safer care.