bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correcting in situ chlorophyll fluorescence time‐series observations for nonphotochemical quenching and tidal variability reveals nonconservative phytoplankton variability in coastal waters
Authors: Carberry Luke , Roesler Collin , Drapeau Susan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChlorophyll fluorometry is one of the most commonly implemented approaches for estimating phytoplankton biomass in situ, despite documented sources of natural variability and instrumental uncertainty in the relationship between in vivo fluorescence and chlorophyll concentration. A number of strategies are employed to minimize errors and quantify natural variability in this relationship in the open ocean. However, the assumptions underlying these approaches are unsupported in coastal waters due to the short temporal and small spatial scales of variability, as well as the optical complexity. The largest source of variability in the in situ chlorophyll fluorometric signal is nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Typically, unquenched nighttime observations are interpolated over the quenched daytime interval, but this assumes a spatial homogeneity not found in tidally impacted coastal waters. Here, we present a model that provides a tidally resolved correction for NPQ in moored chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The output of the model is a time series of unquenched chlorophyll fluorescence in tidal endmembers (high and low tide extremes), and thus a time series of phytoplankton biomass growth and loss in these endmember populations. Comparison between modeled and measured unquenched time series yields quantification of nonconservative variations in phytoplankton biomass. Tidally modeled interpolation between these endmember time series yields a highly resolved time series of unquenched daytime chlorophyll fluorescence values at the location of the moored sensor. Such data sets provide a critical opportunity for validating the satellite remotely sensed ocean color chlorophyll concentration data product in coastal waters.
Ecophysiology and phylogeny of new terricolous and epiphytic chlorolichens in a fog oasis of the Atacama Desert
Authors: Jung Patrick , Emrich Dina , Briegel‐Williams Laura , Schermer Michael , Weber Lena , Baumann Karen , Colesie Claudia , Clerc Philippe , Lehnert Lukas W. , Achilles Sebastian , Bendix Jörg , Büdel Burkhard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Atacama Desert is one of the driest and probably oldest deserts on Earth where only a few extremophile organisms are able to survive. This study investigated two terricolous and two epiphytic lichens from the fog oasis “Las Lomitas” within the National Park Pan de Azúcar which represents a refugium for a few vascular desert plants and many lichens that can thrive on fog and dew alone. Ecophysiological measurements and climate records were combined with molecular data of the mycobiont, their green algal photobionts and lichenicolous fungi to gain information about the ecology of lichens within the fog oasis. Phylogenetic and morphological investigations led to the identification and description of the new lichen species Acarospora conafii sp. nov. as well as the lichenicolous fungi that accompanied them and revealed the trebouxioid character of all lichen photobionts. Their photosynthetic responses were compared during natural scenarios such as reactivation by high air humidity and in situ fog events to elucidate the activation strategies of this lichen community. Epiphytic lichens showed photosynthetic activity that was rapidly induced by fog and high relative air humidity whereas terricolous lichens were only activated by fog.
Self‐powered nano‐porous aerogel x‐ray sensor employing fast electron current
Authors: Brivio Davide , Albert Steffen , Freund Erica , Gagne Matt P. , Sajo Erno , Zygmanski Piotr 
Published: July 2019

PurposeWe developed a new class of aerogel‐based thin‐film self‐powered radiation sensors employing high‐energy electron current (HEC) in periodic multilayer (high‐Z | polyimide aerogel (PA) | low‐Z) electrode microstructures.MaterialsLow‐Z (Al) and high‐Z (Ta) electrodes were deposited on 50 μm‐thick PA films to obtain sensors with Al‐PA‐Ta‐PA‐Al structures. Sensors were tested with x rays in the 40–120 kVp range and with 2.5 MV, 6 MV, and 6 MV‐FFF linac beams (TrueBeam, Varian). Performance of PA‐HEC sensors was compared to commercial A12 Farmer ionization chamber as well as to radiation transport simulations using CEPXS/ONEDANT with nanometer‐to‐micrometer spatial resolution. The computations included periodic and single‐element structures N x (Al‐PA‐Ta‐PA‐Al) with variable layer thicknesses.ResultsSignal from PA‐HEC sensors was proportional to the simulated net leakage electron current (averaged over the PA thickness). Experimental response was linear with dose and independent of dose rate. Detector responses to different x‐ray sources show higher signals for kVp photon energies, as expected, though a strong signal was obtained for MV energies as well. The signal scaled with total effective area inside the multielemental structures; for example, the yield of a multielement sensor made with 20 Ta layers compared to a single‐element structure with 1 Ta layer of the same total thickness of Ta was 10 times greater for 6 MV beam and 23 times greater for 120 kVp. Beam attenuation per element in the detector was 0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 46%, respectively for 6 MV, 6 MV FFF, 2.5 MV, and 120 kVp.ConclusionWe demonstrated the feasibility of aerogel‐based multilayer HEC radiation detector and its application for flux/dose monitoring of kVp and radiotherapy MV beams with small beam attenuation.
Using an artificial neural network for fast mapping of the oxygen extraction fraction with combined QSM and quantitative BOLD
Authors: Hubertus Simon , Thomas Sebastian , Cho Junghun , Zhang Shun , Wang Yi , Schad Lothar Rudi 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTo apply an artificial neural network (ANN) for fast and robust quantification of the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from a combined QSM and quantitative BOLD analysis of gradient echo data and to compare the ANN to a traditional quasi‐Newton (QN) method for numerical optimization.MethodsRandom combinations of OEF, deoxygenated blood volume (),R2, and nonblood magnetic susceptibility () with each parameter following a Gaussian distribution that represented physiological gray matter and white matter values were used to simulate quantitative BOLD signals and QSM values. An ANN was trained with the simulated data with added Gaussian noise. The ANN was applied to multigradient echo brain data of 7 healthy subjects, and the reconstructed parameters and maps were compared to QN results using Studentttest and Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsIntersubject means and SDs of gray matter were OEF%,Hz,%,ppb for ANN; and OEF =%,Hz,%,ppb for QN, with a significant difference () for,, and. For white matter, they were OEF =%,Hz,%,ppb for ANN; and OEF%,Hz,%,ppb for QN, with a significant difference () for OEF and. ANN revealed more gray–white matter contrast but less intersubject variation in OEF than QN. In contrast to QN, the ANN reconstruction did not need an additional sequence for parameter initialization and took approximately 1 s rather than roughly 1 h.ConclusionANNs allow faster and, with regard to initialization, more robust reconstruction of OEF maps with lower intersubject variation than QN approaches.
Molecular dynamics modeling of a partially saturated clay‐water system at finite temperature
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Wang Miao‐Chun 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe mechanical and hydraulic properties of unsaturated clay under nonisothermal conditions have practical implications in geotechnical engineering applications such as geothermal energy harvest, landfill cover design, and nuclear waste disposal facilities. The water menisci among clay particles impact the mechanical and hydraulic properties of unsaturated clay. Molecular dynamics (MD) modeling has been proven to be an effective method in investigating clay structures and their hydromechanical behavior at the atomic scale. In this study, we examine the impact of temperature increase on the capillary force and capillary pressure of the partially saturated clay‐water system through high‐performance computing. The water meniscus formed between two parallel clay particles is studied via a full‐scale MD modeling at different elevated temperatures. The numerical results have shown that the temperature increase impacts the capillary force, capillary pressure, and contact angle at the atomic scale. The capillary force on the clay particle obtained from MD simulations is also compared with the results from the macroscopic theory. The full‐scale MD simulation of the partially saturated clay‐water system can not only provide a fundamental understanding of the impact of temperature on the interface physics of such system at the atomic scale, but also has practical implication in formulating physics‐based multiscale models for unsaturated soils by providing interface physical properties of such materials directly through high‐performance computing.
Can the simultaneous laparoscopic approach improve the learning of vaginal surgery with meshes in the anatomical model?
Authors: Sanchez‐Ferrer Maria Luisa , Fernández‐Andres Íñigo , Martínez‐Escoriza Juan Carlos , Romero‐Maroto Jesús , Sánchez del Campo Francisco , Gómez‐Pérez Luis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the usefulness of simultaneous laparoscopic assistance to improve understanding of the nonvisible surgical steps in Thiel‐embalmed cadaver models for training in vaginal surgery using vaginal mesh kits and to evaluate opinions of this surgical learning procedure in comparison with other learning models.MethodsRecording of anterior compartment prolapse repair with vaginal mesh kits using an external camera simultaneously with laparoscopic vision during the execution of the procedure at the dissection room. To measure the usefulness of this procedure, we designed an anonymous online survey that was made available to program participants via a computer application (a link to video 1 and the survey is available at encuesta@um.es).ResultsAfter watching the video, 97.2% of participants agreed that laparoscopic vision combined with the vaginal approach was useful in learning this surgical technique, and 95.8% agreed they had learned details of the surgical anatomy of the pelvis. All participants agreed that it should be mandatory to train in these techniques with cadavers before practice with live patients. In addition, 84.7% responded that the cadaveric model was superior to animal and other types of models.ConclusionLaparoscopic inspection of the procedure performed with the vaginal approach allowed a better understanding of the surgical technique by making “visible” the anatomical structures that were commonly only palpated. Use of the cadaverous model was considered most efficient for training in this surgical technique.
Optimized composite finite difference schemes for atmospheric flow modeling
Authors: Appadu Appanah Rao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we use some finite difference methods in order to solve an atmospheric flow problem described by an advection–diffusion equation. This flow problem was solved by Clancy using forward‐time central space (FTCS) scheme and is challenging to simulate due to large errors in phase and amplitude which are generated especially over long propagation times. Clancy also derived stability limits for FTCS scheme. We use Von Neumann stability analysis and the approach of Hindmarsch et al. which is an improved technique over that of Clancy in order to obtain the region of stability of some methods such as FTCS, Lax–Wendroff (LW), Crank–Nicolson. We also construct a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme. Properties like stability and consistency are studied. To improve the results due to significant numerical dispersion or numerical dissipation, we derive a new composite scheme consisting of three applications of LW followed by one application of NSFD. The latter acts like a filter to remove the dispersive oscillations from LW. We further improve the composite scheme by computing the optimal temporal step size at a given spatial step size using two techniques namely; by minimizing the square of dispersion error and by minimizing the sum of squares of dispersion and dissipation errors.
Uptake of genetic counseling among adult children of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in France
Authors: Gauna Cristaldo Fatima Belén , Touzani Rajae , Apostolidis Thémis , Mouret‐Fourme Emmanuelle , Stoppa‐Lyonnet Dominique , Lasset Christine , Fricker Jean‐Pierre , Berthet Pascaline , Julian‐Reynier Claire , Mancini Julien , Noguès Catherine , Bouhnik Anne‐Déborah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveGenetic counseling in at‐risk families is known to improve cancer prevention. Our study aimed to determine the rate of uptake of genetic counseling among adult children of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and to identify the potential psychosocial factors associated with uptake of genetic counseling.MethodsA self‐reported questionnaire was mailed to 328 BRCA1/2 mutation carriers 10 years after BRCA1/2 test disclosure. Of the 233 carriers who returned the questionnaire (response rate = 71%), 135 reported having children over age 18 years and were therefore included in the analysis. Generalized estimating equations models were used to identify the factors associated with uptake of genetic counseling among adult children of mutation carriers.ResultsData were gathered for a total of 296 children (46% male, 54% female). The vast majority were informed about the familial mutation (90.9%) and 113 (38%; 95% CI, 32%‐44%) underwent genetic counseling. This percentage exceeded 80% in women over 40 years. In the multivariate model, female sex, advanced age, mutation in the father, diagnosis of cancer in the mutation‐carrying parent after genetic testing, and good family relationships were all factors associated with higher uptake of genetic counseling.ConclusionsAdult children of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in France do not undergo genetic counseling sufficiently often. Further studies should be conducted on the psychosocial factors that hinder the uptake of genetic counseling among adult children of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data
Authors: Menghini Luigi , Recinella Lucia , Leone Sheila , Chiavaroli Annalisa , Cicala Carla , Brunetti Luigi , Vladimir‐Knežević Sanda , Orlando Giustino , Ferrante Claudio 
Published: July 2019

Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is an herbaceous plant, which can be found in the arid steppes of South Africa, particularly in the Kalahari Desert. As traditional medicine, devil's claw has been long used in the forms of infusions, decoctions, tinctures, powders, and extracts. The main compounds of devil's claw are iridoid glycosides, such as harpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide, which are present in the plant tubers. Additionally, chemical constituents such as sugars (mainly the tetrasaccharide stachyose), triterpenoids (oleanolic and ursolic acid), phytosterols (primarily β‐sitosterol), aromatic acids (caffeic, cinnamic, and chlorogenic acids), and flavonoids (luteolin and kaempferol) can be found in the plant.In order to investigate the applicative potential of devil's claw as therapeutic agent, we performed a review by focusing on its potential role in managing inflammation‐ and oxidative stress‐related diseases, including arthritis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, low‐back pain, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.
Event‐triggered output consensus for heterogeneous multiagent systems with fixed and switching directed topologies
Authors: Liu Xiangdong , Liu Haikuo , Du Changkun , Lu Pingli , Gao Weinan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the event‐triggered output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multiagent systems characterized via fixed and switching directed graphs. With proper state‐dependent triggering functions, two new event‐triggered output consensus control schemes are proposed for each agent to achieve consensus. Notably, under the proposed control protocols, continuous communication among agents is not required in both controllers updating and triggering threshold detection, which means being completely continuous communication free. The communication instances are reduced significantly, and the periodic or high‐frequency communication is restrained. It is also ensured that events cannot be triggered infinitely in finite time (ie, the Zeno behavior is elegantly avoided). Meanwhile, the simulation examples are given to illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Trait dominance and cardiovascular functioning during social stress
Authors: Lee Eimear M. , Hughes Brian M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to stress has been found to be an important indicator of future ill health, and individual differences in personality have been posited to explain disparities in outcomes. Dominance is associated with forceful persons who desire hierarchy in social interactions. This study investigated dominance and CVR during social or asocial stressors. Sixty‐one women, categorized as low, moderate, or high in dominance using the Jackson Personality Research Form, completed a social or asocial stressor while undergoing cardiovascular measurement during baseline, stressor, and recovery phases. A 3 × 2 × 3 analysis of covariance revealed a significant Phase × Stressor × Dominance interaction for systolic blood pressure (SBP). Women with lower and moderate dominance—but not women with higher dominance—exhibited greater SBP responses to stress in the social condition compared with the asocial condition. No significant difference was found for women with higher dominance, indicative of blunted SBP during the social stressor. During recovery, women with lower dominance had marginally elevated SBP in the social condition compared with the asocial condition. The current study extends prior knowledge of the association between dominance and CVR, such that greater dominance was associated with blunted SBP and lower dominance was associated with attenuated recovery to social stress.
Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates the association between social phobia symptoms and self‐reported physical symptoms
Authors: Xing Wanying , Lü Wei , Wang Zhenhong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study sought to investigate the association between social phobia symptoms and self‐reported physical symptoms and the moderation effect of resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) on this link. Data of 5‐min resting RSA, social phobia symptoms assessed by the Social Phobia Scale, and physical symptoms assessed by the Cohen–Hoberman Inventory of Physical Symptoms were collected from 167 undergraduate students. Results indicated that higher levels of social phobia symptoms were associated with higher levels of self‐reported physical symptoms. Resting RSA played the moderating role in the link between social phobia symptoms and self‐reported physical symptoms, such that social phobia symptoms were positively associated with self‐reported physical symptoms among individuals with low resting RSA, whereas this association was nonsignificant among individuals with high resting RSA. These findings suggest that high resting RSA as a physiological marker of better self‐regulation capacity might buffer the effect of social phobia symptoms on physical health.
The strength of pursuing your values: Valued living as a path to resilience among college students
Authors: Ceary Chris D. , Donahue John J. , Shaffer Katharine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough stressful life events (SLEs) frequently relate to negative outcomes, many individuals demonstrate resilience by positively adapting to stressors without significant impairment. Valued living, a key process in the theory underpinning acceptance and commitment therapy is a response style characterized by daily purposeful actions that are linked to important values and may promote resilience in college students. This study examined the main and interactive effects of SLEs and valued living in the prediction of a multidimensional measure of resilience. Results supported a strong positive relationship between resilience and valued living. Further, valued living moderated the association between SLE negative impact scores and resilience (but not the association between cumulative prior year SLEs and resilience). Although SLE negative impact scores were negatively associated with resilience at lower levels of valued living, there was no demonstrated relationship at higher levels of valued living. Implications related to promoting valued living among college students in the service of increasing resilience are discussed.
Phosphorus and sodium contents in commercial wet foods for dogs and cats
Authors: Brunetto Marcio A. , Zafalon Rafael V. A. , Teixeira Fabio A. , Vendramini Thiago H. A. , Rentas Mariana F. , Pedrinelli Vivian , Risolia Larissa W. , Macedo Henrique T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that wet foods for dogs and cats have high levels of sodium and phosphorus due to their composition. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sodium and phosphorus contents in wet pet foods, and compare it to daily requirements for both species. Twenty‐five commercial wet foods for adult animals were evaluated, 13 for dogs and 12 for cats. The analyses’ results were compared to the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF 2018) recommendations. All foods contained phosphorus and sodium amounts above minimum requirements. Three wet foods for dogs exceeded the safe upper limit for phosphorus, and four wet foods for dogs and three for cats exceeded 3.75 g of sodium/1,000 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), considered safe byFEDIAF. No studies were found at the present time evaluating whether higher sodium levels are safe for dogs and cats; however, consumption of high phosphorus diets has been associated with adverse effects on renal function parameters. Therefore, more studies are necessary to investigate the health implications of phosphorus and sodium concentrations observed in some foods evaluated in this research.