bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients With Breast Cancer: Report From a National Hospital–Based Cancer Registry in Argentina, 2012 to 2016
Authors: Abriata María Graciela , Macías Guillermo Raúl 
Published: January 2019

Purpose To describe sociodemographic, epidemiologic, and clinical characteristics of patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer and registered in the Institutional Tumor Registry of Argentina (RITA) as of April 2016. Methods This was an observational, descriptive case study in patients who were diagnosed with breast cancer between April 2012 and April 2016 and registered in RITA. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done, including delay from symptoms to first consultation, delay from diagnosis to treatment (opportunities), as well as patients’ survival (Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests). Results There were 4,883 identified patients and 4,950 tumors. The mean age of patients was 57.6 years (median, 56 years); 60% of patients had completed elementary studies, 46.8% had some health coverage, and 85.4% of diagnoses were made by tumor histology (TNM stage: T2 19%, N0 20%, M0 29.1%; clinical stages II and III: 34.7%). In terms of morphology, 89.6% of primary tumors had malignant behavior (76% ductal, 8% lobular); and for immunohistochemistry, 34.3% were estrogen receptor positive/progesterone receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative. The longest delays analyzed were from diagnosis date to the beginning of first treatment. Survival rates were 96% for up to 24 months and 84.7% for up to 36 months. Conclusion For the first time in Argentina, there is systematized information on the care of oncology patients at public health institutions, which is useful for improving patients’ care. We found that RITA collects important information for the identification of groups with similar sociodemographic and clinical characteristics that could show different vulnerabilities along the disease process.
Why Didn't Paris Burn in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries?
Authors: Garrioch David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeveral European cities experienced devastating fires in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and some burned repeatedly. Paris did not. Yet there, as elsewhere, the central quarters were crowded, and wood was widely used. People relied on naked flames for heating, cooking, and lighting and for most industrial processes. This article suggests that a combination of interconnected factors explains Paris's good fortune and differentiated it from other cities. It enjoyed a climate that reduced the likelihood of bad fires and provided abundant water, assisted by a geology that also offered fire-resistant building materials. These factors helped its inhabitants fight fires with surprising success, even before the creation of a permanent fire service. The nature of the city's economy also helped, because there were few concentrations of highly combustible products, and its various institutions of government collaborated to make both preventive measures and fire control more effective.Plusieurs grandes villes européennes ont connu au moins un incendie dévastateur au cours des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles, mais Paris échappa à ce fléau. Et pourtant, comme dans d'autres villes, les habitants utilisaient le feu pour se chauffer, pour s'éclairer, et dans l'industrie. Cet article suggère qu'une série de facteurs, pris ensemble, explique ce phénomène et différencie Paris de beaucoup d'autres villes modernes. Un climat favorable réduisait la probabilité de graves incendies et assurait une abondance d'eau, alors que le sous-sol fournissait des matières de construction bon marché et assez résistantes au feu. Ces éléments favorisaient la lutte contre l'incendie, en général efficace même avant la création des pompiers. L'économie de la ville nécessitait peu de stockage de produits combustibles, ce qui réduisait encore le risque. Enfin, les mesures prises par les différentes juridictions administratives et policières, qui travaillaient ensemble de façon étonnamment harmonieuse, rendaient les mesures préventives et de contrôle relativement efficaces.
Imperial Ideologies in the Second Empire
Authors: Carroll Christina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines Napoléon III's attempt to reimagine the Second Empire during the early 1860s in the face of growing public frustration with France's domestic and foreign politics. It argues that Napoléon III sought to secure the Second Empire's popularity by associating it with the legacy of ancient Rome and the memory of Napoléon I. He also worked to expand the meaning of the empire's identity by defining it not only as a political program within France but also as an expansive, multinational structure. The article shows that this vision of empire came into focus in a series of political conflicts over the Mexican expedition and the ideal organization of Algeria. Its examination of this conversation surrounding empire and its meanings highlights how discourses of European racial superiority over colonial others intersected with arguments about the organization of the French state in nineteenth-century imperial thought.Cet article examine les tentatives de Napoléon III pour réinventer le Second Empire au début des années 1860. Face au mécontentement populaire avec sa politique intérieure et extérieure, l'empereur essaya de renforcer le soutien populaire au Second Empire en l'associant avec l'héritage de Rome antique et la mémoire de Napoléon Ier. Il voulut également élargir la signification de l'Empire en le définissant non seulement comme un programme politique hexagonal mais aussi comme une structure multinationale étendue. Cette vision de l'empire se clarifia à travers une série de débats sur l'invasion du Mexique et l'organisation idéale de l'Algérie. Dans le cadre de la pensée impériale du dix-neuvième siècle, les discours de supériorité raciale des Européens vis-à-vis des sujets coloniaux se croisèrent avec des idées sur l'organisation étatique française.
Memory and Resistance
Authors: DeLappe Joseph 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Joseph DeLappe is a visual artist and activist. Images and texts in this feature detail a diversity of creative projects and actions that challenge and question our contemporary militaristic context. These works explore the intersections of art, technology, social engagement, and interventionist strategies. The included projects utilize digital processes, interruptive strategies, and participatory processes as tools for political, social, and creative transformation.
Tunneling nanotubes, a novel mode of tumor cell–macrophage communication in tumor cell invasion
Authors: Hanna Samer J. , McCoy-Simandle Kessler , Leung Edison , Genna Alessandro , Condeelis John , Cox Dianne 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The interaction between tumor cells and macrophages is crucial in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined a novel mechanism of intercellular communication, namely membranous actin-based tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), that occurs between macrophages and tumor cells in the promotion of macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion. The presence of heterotypic TNTs between macrophages and tumor cells induced invasive tumor cell morphology, which was dependent on EGF–EGFR signaling. Furthermore, reduction of a protein involved in TNT formation, M-Sec (TNFAIP2), in macrophages inhibited tumor cell elongation, blocked the ability of tumor cells to invade in 3D and reduced macrophage-dependent long-distance tumor cell streaming in vitro. Using an in vivo zebrafish model that recreates macrophage-mediated tumor cell invasion, we observed TNT-mediated macrophage-dependent tumor cell invasion, distant metastatic foci and areas of metastatic spread. Overall, our studies support a role for TNTs as a novel means of interaction between tumor cells and macrophages that leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Günaydın Şenay , Küçük Mehmet , Günaydın Uluğ Mutlu 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the importance of using endocan as a biomarker in deciding the setting of treatment and predicting prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
Methods: This prospective, case-control study was conducted at Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital between November 20, 2016 to March 20th 2017. Blood samples were obtained from 63 patients who were admitted to internal medicine clinic due to CAP and 25 volunteers without active infection. Serum samples were centrifuged at 1000G for 15 minutes and stored at -20ºC. Samples were analyzed using human ESM1 (endocan) (Lot No: AK0017MAR0830) (Elabscience, Texas, USA) kit with Robonik (Mumbai, India) ELISA Plate Reader and Washer. Demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. CURB-65, qSOFA and Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores were calculated. Primary endpoint of the study was 30-days mortality.
Results: Mean serum endocan levels of the study group and the control group were 30.99±3.3 pg/ml and 246.5±49.95pg/ml, respectively. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.005). 30-days mortality rate was 12.7% with eight patients, three of which died subsequently in the ICU. When patients were classified according to PSI and CURB-65 scores, endocan levels of PSI class ≥4 and CURB-65 ≥2 individuals were found to be significantly different than the control group. ROC analysis showed that serum endocan levels less than 64.96pg/ml has 85.2% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity for PSI class ≥4 and 82.4% sensitivity and 55.6% specificity for CURB-65 score ≥2.
Conclusion: Serum endocan levels are significantly lower in patients with community-acquired pneumonia than the control group.
How to cite this:Gunaydin S, Kucuk M, Gunaydin UM. The role of Endocan as a Prognostic Biomarker in community-acquired pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):117-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.280
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Die Unterschenkelvenenthrombose – eine Erkrankung für Spezialisten
Authors: Herold J. , Bauersachs R. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungFür Patienten mit proximalen Thrombosen oder Lungenembolien ist die antikoagulatorische Behandlung klar definiert. Sind distale Venen thrombosiert gibt es in den aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien widersprüchliche Empfehlungen, welche von therapeutischer Antikoagulation über 3 Monate oder länger, über intermediäre Antikoagulation über einen kürzeren Zeitraum bis hin zum Verzicht auf Antikoagulation bei klinischer Überwachung reichen. Dieser Artikel soll hierüber anhand der Zusammenstellung aktueller Studien, Leitlinien und Expertenmeinungen die doch meist patientenindividuelle Therapieempfehlung kritisch beleuchten und dann erleichtern.
Comparative study of the in vitro phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of six medicinal plants
Authors: Nwonuma Charles O. , Adelani-Akande Tabitha A. , Osemwegie Omorefosa O. , Olaniran Abiola F. , Adeyemo Toluwani A. 
Published: January 2019

Background: This study sought to investigate the antimicrobial activity of six plants used in traditional medicine in Africa. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the six medicinal plant extracts (aqueous and ethanol) were evaluated against Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 21784), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27856) were Aspergillus fumigatus using the agar-well diffusion protocol. The activities of these extracts were compared with the positive controls chloramphenicol and griseofulvin. Similarly, the phytochemicals from the extracts were qualitatively assayed and their percentage yield calculated by standard methods. Results: The bacterial organisms used, P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa, were slightly-to-highly susceptible to aqueous and ethanolic extracts from the various test plants, while A. fumigatus was insensitive to the treatments. The ethanolic extracts of the sampled plants showed superior inhibitory performance on the target bacteria to the aqueous extracts. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta, Moringa oleifera and Cola nitida showed inhibitory consistency against the target bacteria. Superior inhibitory activity was observed for ethanol extracts of A. melegueta seed and M. oleifera pod against P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa. Variations in phytochemicals were noticed across solvents and plant parts for all plants. Phenols were detected in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. nitida and Cola acuminate, but relatively appeared denser in extracts of A. melegueta seed and Chrysophyllum albidium fruits. The extracts of C. nitida, C. acuminate and A. melegueta tested positive for the presence of flavonoids, which were undetected in C. albidium and M. oleifera seed and pod extracts. None of the extracts showed the presence of every phytochemical assayed during the study. Conclusions: Extracts of the medicinal plants assessed in this study showed antibacterial potential. Developing new methodologies that preserve the bioactive potency of phyto-extracts for optimal microbicidal activity is promising for development of safe, non-reactive pharmaceuticals.
Progression free survival in Iraqi breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant 3D conformal radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Naqqash Manwar Abdulelah , Al-Bdaer Enas Khudhair , Saleh Saleh Wieeam Abdulfattah , Al-Shewered Ahmed Salih 
Published: January 2019

Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in Iraq, accounting for one-third of female cancers in the Iraqi Cancer Registry. Radiotherapy confers beneﬁts for local control and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with breast cancer. This study aimed to assess PFS in patients treated by hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and correlate PFS with patients' clinical and pathological profiles. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 299 women with breast cancer treated at Baghdad Radiation Oncology Center between October 2017 and May 2018. Regarding radiotherapy, 4005 cGy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks was adopted as standard practice for patients undergoing mastectomy and 4005 cG in 15 fractions + 1000 cG in 5 fractions as a booster dose for women undergoing breast-conserving surgery. Results: Age ranged from 25 to 75 years, and the mean age was 49.9±10.99 years. The most common stage was T2 (156, 53.9%), which mostly comprised luminal A (105, 36.3%). The results showed a high frequency of N1 (109, 37.2%), with luminal A (69, 23.4%). Relapse occurred in 35/299 (11.7%) patients, and the chest wall was a common relapse site in 9 of these patients (25.9%). Conclusions: We conclude that adjuvant radiotherapy reduces locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis and mortality rate.
Tobacco smoking and nicotine delivery alternatives: patterns of product use and perceptions in 13 countries
Authors: Riahi Farhad , Rajkumar Sarah , Yach Derek 
Published: January 2019

Background: Smoking tobacco products remains a significant public health problem. The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World commissioned a 13-country survey to gain a clearer understanding of the current landscape of smoking behavior and preferences across the world. Methods: Over 17,000 participants in 13 countries, representing different regions and income groups, answered questions on their smoking patterns and product use, their social context, their motivation to smoke, quit, or switch, and their perception of risks of products and substances. Rim weighting was done for each country to align responses with population demographics, and an additional 200 smokers for each country were surveyed to achieve sufficient sample size for sub-analyses of smoker data. Results: The observed prevalence of smoking ranged from an age-adjusted high of 57.5% in Lebanon to 8.4% in New Zealand among men, with lower rates for women. The majority of smokers were between 25-54 years old, had daily routines and social patterns associated with smoking, used boxed cigarettes, and rated their health more poorly compared to never smokers. Among a range of products and substances, smokers tended to give both cigarettes and nicotine the highest harm ratings. Smokers in high income countries were largely familiar with electronic nicotine delivery systems; the most commonly given reasons for using them were to cut down or quit smoking. A majority of smokers had tried to quit at least once, and while many tried without assistance, motivations, intentions, and methods for smoking cessation, including professional help, nicotine replacement therapies or medications, or electronic cigarettes, varied among countries. Conclusions: Smoking is deeply integrated in smokers’ lives worldwide. Although a majority of smokers have tried to quit, and are concerned for their health, they do not seek help. Smokers lack understanding of the harmful components of smoking tobacco products and the risk profile of alternatives.
ПЕСОЧНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ КАК МЕТОД КОРРЕКЦИИ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Starostina Lyubov Dmitrievna , Filippova Mariya Anatolevna 
Published: January 2019

В статье освещается работа детского психолога по коррекции эмоциональных проблем детей дошкольного возраста. В качестве метода коррекции используется песочная терапия – Sandplay, включенная в систему пихолого-педагогических занятий с детьми в детском саду.Цель – выявление эффективности коррекции и условий необходимых для успешной реализации метода в работе педагога-психолога дошкольного образовательного учреждения.Методология и методы исследования. Исследование базируется на концепциях аналитической психологии, психологических учениях о роли игры и эмоций в психическом развитии ребенка. Применены методы теоретического анализа, беседы, наблюдения, экспертных оценок, количественно-качественного анализа результатов.Результаты. На основании данных психологического обследования была разработана программа коррекции с применением метода песочной терапии. Эффективность проведенной работы отразилось в нормализации уровня эмоциональной возбудимости, нейтрализации невротических симптомов, эмоционального благополучия. Рассмотрены условия обеспечивающие успешность применения метода в деятельности педагога-психолога дошкольного образования.Область применения результатов. Программа может быть рекомендована психологам системы дошкольногообразования. Диагностический блок программы будет полезен в психопрофилактической, медико-реабилитационной работе по части изучения динамики изменений в результате применения любого психотерапевтического метода по коррекции эмоциональных нарушений в детском возрасте.
Infração juvenil feminina e socioeducação: um enfoque cultural e de gênero
Authors: Oliveira Maria Cláudia Santos Lopes de , Costa Daniela Lemos Pantoja , Camargo Carolina Knihs de 
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo analisa resultados de uma pesquisa-intervenção, em que se investigou como as adolescentes em medida socioeducativa estrita de liberdade vivenciam os efeitos dos valores de gênero predominantes no sistema de justiça juvenil. Realizou-se uma Oficina de Gênero, com 10 encontros e 11 participantes do sexo feminino. Os posicionamentos que emergiram em diálogos, durante os encontros, foram analisados, chegando-se a quatro categorias: (a) (des)igualdade de direitos entre os gêneros; (b) estereótipos sobre o comportamento infracional feminino; (c) invisibilização da mulher; (d) impactos da lógica social repressiva sobre as adolescentes. Discute-se que: as adolescentes infratoras são objeto de um duplo estigma – como adolescentes em conflito com a lei e como pessoas do sexo feminino; os princípios garantistas e protetivos da lei não impedem que ocorra preconceito e discriminação de gênero, tornando as necessidades e perspectivas das adolescentes invisíveis ao sistema socioeducativo, onde persiste uma orientação para objetivos repressiva e sexista, que se converte em barreira para a igualdade de oportunidades de desenvolvimento humano, entre meninos e meninas.
Impactos do livro de uma mulher vítima na vivência de violência conjugal de outras mulheres
Authors: Guimarães Fabrício Lemos , Diniz Gláucia Ribeiro Starling 
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo compreender os impactos da história de uma personagem/mulher vítima na vivência de violência conjugal de outras mulheres, por meio da leitura, resposta a questionário e reflexão grupal sobre o livro "Mas ele diz que me ama: graphic novel de uma relação violenta". As participantes foram 20 mulheres que estavam em acompanhamento psicossocial encaminhadas pela justiça. A estratégia metodológica utilizada facilitou um contexto de reflexão sobre comparações entre as histórias pessoais das participantes e a da personagem do livro; favoreceu a percepção de suas próprias anestesias relacionais; contribuiu para a conscientização e a nomeação da violência vivenciada. Essa proposta de pesquisa-intervenção mostrou seu potencial e utilidade como método de pesquisa e como modelo de intervenção clínica.
‘Selfies’ − an effective communication aid to solve periodontal and implant diseases
Authors: Kelleher Martin , Ower Philip 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: If a picture paints a thousand words, then ‘selfies’ can be a very effective communication aid in getting patients to understand and accept their responsibilities for their periodontal diseases and/or their implant health maintenance. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Once patients have a well-lit visual record on their mobile phones of where their real gum problems are located and understand their responsibilities in solving these, they are much more likely to clean effectively around their problem areas including their implants. Mouthwashes are not the solution for periodontal problems, in spite of very dubious advertising claims. Effective, repeated, physical removal of their bio-film is the key message. Having a long-term record on their mobiles of how to remove their pathogenic plaque more effectively is a powerful way to reinforce that message.
The application of occlusion in clinical practice part 2: the taking of occlusal records
Authors: Mehta Shamir , Banerji Subir 
Published: January 2019

The second part of this series of three articles aims to consider the clinical steps when taking intra-occlusal records. It will also address the subsequent transfer of the outcomes onto an appropriate form of articulator. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The clinical steps to record the various intra-occlusal positions and their rationale are important to appreciate when undertaking rehabilitation or study of the stomatognathic system (SGS).
Orofacial granulomatosis in children − a review
Authors: Patel Maalini , Davis Gemma , John Rebecca , Cowie Rachel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Orofacial granulomatosis (OFG) is an uncommon chronic inflammatory disorder that can present in childhood. It has a range of clinical manifestations with the common features being lip swelling and oral ulceration. It can be idiopathic or associated with systemic granulomatous conditions such as Crohn's disease and sarcoidosis. Patients presenting with features suggestive of OFG, with or without gastrointestinal symptoms, should be referred promptly to secondary care. The management of OFG is often challenging and includes dietary restrictions; topical, intralesional and systemic corticosteroids; and other systemic immunomodulatory drugs. This condition can lead to significant psychological morbidity for the child if left untreated. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orofacial granulomatosis can present in childhood and its features may be first noted on routine check-up with a general dental practitioner (GDP).