bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte-Specific SR-BI Gene Transfer Corrects Cardiac Dysfunction in
Scarb1
-Deficient Mice and Improves Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Muthuramu Ilayaraja , Amin Ruhul , Aboumsallem Joseph Pierre , Mishra Mudit , Robinson Emma Louise , De Geest Bart 
Published: July 2018

Objective—

We investigated the hypothesis that HDL (high-density lipoprotein) dysfunction in
Scarb1
−/−
mice negatively affects cardiac function both in the absence and in the presence of pressure overload. Second, we evaluated whether normalization of HDL metabolism in
Scarb1
−/−
mice by hepatocyte-specific SR-BI (scavenger receptor class B, type I) expression after E1E3E4-deleted adenoviral AdSR-BI (E1E3E4-deleted adenoviral vector expressing SR-BI protein in hepatocytes) transfer abrogates the effects of total body SR-BI deficiency on cardiac structure and function.

Approach and Results—

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation was performed at the age of 14 weeks, 2 weeks after saline injection or after gene transfer with AdSR-BI or with the control vector Adnull. Mortality rate in
Scarb1
−/−
TAC mice was significantly increased compared with wild-type TAC mice during 8 weeks of follow-up (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.14–3.61). Hepatocyte-specific SR-BI gene transfer performed 2 weeks before induction of pressure overload by TAC potently reduced mortality in
Scarb1
−/−
mice (hazard ratio, 0.329; 95% CI, 0.180–0.600). Hepatocyte-specific SR-BI expression abrogated increased cardiac hypertrophy and lung congestion and counteracted increased myocardial apoptosis and interstitial and perivascular fibrosis in
Scarb1
−/−
TAC mice.
Scarb1
−/−
sham mice were, notwithstanding the absence of detectable structural heart disease, characterized by systolic and diastolic dysfunction and hypotension, which were completely counteracted by AdSR-BI transfer. Furthermore, AdSR-BI transfer abrogated increased end-diastolic pressure and diastolic dysfunction in
Scarb1
−/−
TAC mice. Increased oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant defense systems in
Scarb1
−/−
mice were rescued by AdSR-BI transfer.

Conclusions—
The detrimental effects of SR-BI deficiency on cardiac structure and function are nullified by hepatocyte-specific SR-BI transfer, which restores HDL metabolism.
MicroRNA-199a-3p and MicroRNA-199a-5p Take Part to a Redundant Network of Regulation of the NOS (NO Synthase)/NO Pathway in the Endothelium
Authors: Joris Virginie , Gomez Elvira Leon , Menchi Lisa , Lobysheva Irina , Di Mauro Vittoria , Esfahani Hrag , Condorelli Gianluigi , Balligand Jean-Luc , Catalucci Daniele , Dessy Chantal 
Published: July 2018

Objective—
Members of the microRNA (miR)-199a family, namely miR-199a-5p and miR-199a-3p, have been recently identified as potential regulators of cardiac homeostasis. Also, upregulation of miR-199a expression in cardiomyocytes was reported to influence endothelial cells. Whether miR-199a is expressed by endothelial cells and, if so, whether it directly regulates endothelial function remains unknown. We investigate the implication of miR-199a products on endothelial function by focusing on the NOS (nitric oxide synthase)/NO pathway.

Approach and Results—
Bovine aortic endothelial cells were transfected with specific miRNA inhibitors (locked-nucleic acids), and potential molecular targets identified with prediction algorithms were evaluated by Western blot or immunofluorescence. Ex vivo experiments were performed with mice treated with antagomiRs targeting miR-199a-3p or -5p. Isolated vessels and blood were used for electron paramagnetic resonance or myograph experiments. eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activity (through phosphorylations Ser1177/Thr495) is increased by miR-199a-3p/-5p inhibition through an upregulation of the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B) and calcineurin pathways. SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) and PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) upregulation was also observed in locked-nucleic acid–treated cells. Moreover, miR-199a-5p controls angiogenesis and VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) production and upregulation of NO-dependent relaxation were observed in vessels from antagomiR-treated mice. This was correlated with increased circulated hemoglobin-NO levels and decreased superoxide production. Angiotensin infusion for 2 weeks also revealed an upregulation of miR-199a-3p/-5p in vascular tissues.

Conclusions—
Our study reveals that miR-199a-3p and miR-199a-5p participate in a redundant network of regulation of the NOS/NO pathway in the endothelium. We highlighted that inhibition of miR-199a-3p and -5p independently increases NO bioavailability by promoting eNOS activity and reducing its degradation, thereby supporting VEGF-induced endothelial tubulogenesis and modulating vessel contractile tone.
Malnutrition and Mortality in Frail and Non-Frail Older Adults Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Goldfarb Michael , Lauck Sandra , Webb John G. , Asgar Anita W. , Perrault Louis P. , Piazza Nicolo , Martucci Giuseppe , Lachapelle Kevin , Noiseux Nicolas , Kim Dae H. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Lefèvre Thierry , Labinaz Marino , Lamy Andre , Peterson Mark D. , Arora Rakesh C. , Morais José A. , Morin Jean-Francois , Rudski Lawrence G. , Afilalo Jonathan ,   On behalf of the FRAILTY-AVR Investigators
Published: July 2018

Background:
Older adults undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) are at risk for malnutrition. The association between preprocedural nutritional status and midterm mortality has yet to be determined.

Methods:
The FRAILTY-AVR (Frailty in Aortic Valve Replacement) prospective multicenter cohort study was conducted between 2012 and 2017 in 14 centers in 3 countries. Patients ≥70 years of age who underwent transcatheter or surgical AVR were eligible. The Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form was assessed by trained observers preprocedure, with scores ≤7 of 14 considered malnourished and 8 to 11 of 14 considered at risk for malnutrition. The Short Performance Physical Battery was simultaneously assessed to measure physical frailty, with scores ≤5 of 12 considered severely frail and 6 to 8 of 12 considered mildly frail. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was 30-day composite mortality or major morbidity. Multivariable regression models were used to adjust for potential confounders.

Results:

There were 1158 patients (727 transcatheter AVR and 431 surgical AVR), with 41.5% females, a mean age of 81.3 years, a mean body mass index of 27.5 kg/m
2
, and a mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Predicted Risk of Mortality of 5.1%. Overall, 8.7% of patients were classified as malnourished and 32.8% were at risk for malnutrition. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form scores were modestly correlated with Short Performance Physical Battery scores (Spearman
R
=0.31,
P
<0.001). There were 126 deaths in the transcatheter AVR group (19.1 per 100 patient-years) and 30 deaths in the surgical AVR group (7.5 per 100 patient-years). Malnourished patients had a nearly 3-fold higher crude risk of 1-year mortality compared with those with normal nutritional status (28% versus 10%,
P
<0.001). After adjustment for frailty, Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Predicted Risk of Mortality, and procedure type, preprocedural nutritional status was a significant predictor of 1-year mortality (odds ratio, 1.08 per Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form point; 95% CI, 1.01–1.16) and of the 30-day composite safety end point (odds ratio, 1.06 per Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form point; 95% CI, 1.001–1.12).

Conclusions:
Preprocedural nutritional status is associated with mortality in older adults undergoing AVR. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether pre- and postprocedural nutritional interventions can improve clinical outcomes in these vulnerable patients.
To Treat or Not to Treat?
Authors: Levine Steven R. , Weingast Sarah Z. , Weedon Jeremy , Stefanov Dimitre G. , Katz Patricia , Hurley Dana , Kasner Scott E. , Khatri Pooja , Broderick Joseph P. , Grotta James C. , Feldmann Edward , Panagos Peter D. , Romano Jose G. , Bianchi Riccardo , Meyer Brett C. , Scott Phillip A. , Kim Doojin , Balucani Clotilde 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose—
The 2015 updated US Food and Drug Administration alteplase package insert altered several contraindications. We thus explored clinical factors influencing alteplase treatment decisions for patients with minor stroke.

Methods—
An expert panel selected 7 factors to build a series of survey vignettes: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), NIHSS area of primary deficit, baseline functional status, previous ischemic stroke, previous intracerebral hemorrhage, recent anticoagulation, and temporal pattern of symptoms in first hour of care. We used a fractional factorial design (150 vignettes) to provide unconfounded estimates of the effect of all 7 main factors, plus first-order interactions for NIHSS. Surveys were emailed to national organizations of neurologists, emergency physicians, and colleagues. Physicians were randomized to 1 of 10 sets of 15 vignettes, presented randomly. Physicians reported the subjective likelihood of giving alteplase on a 0 to 5 scale; scale categories were anchored to 6 probabilities from 0% to 100%. A conjoint statistical analysis was applied.

Results—
Responses from 194 US physicians yielded 156 with complete vignette data: 74% male, mean age 46, 80% neurologists. Treatment mean probabilities for individual vignettes ranged from 6% to 95%. Treatment probability increased from 24% for NIHSS score =1 to 41% for NIHSS score =5. The conjoint model accounted for 25% of total observed response variance. In contrast, a model accounting for all possible interactions accounted for 30% variance. Four of the 7 factors accounted jointly for 58% of total relative importance within the conjoint model: previous intracerebral hemorrhage (18%), recent anticoagulation (17%), NIHSS (13%), and previous ischemic stroke (10%).

Conclusions—
Four main variables jointly account for only a small fraction (<15%) of the total variance related to deciding to treat with intravenous alteplase, reflecting high variability and complexity. Future studies should consider other variables, including physician characteristics.
Recommendations for In Situ and Remote Sensing Capabilities in Atmospheric Convection and Turbulence
Authors: Geerts Bart , Raymond David J. , Grubišić Vanda , Davis Christopher A. , Barth Mary C. , Detwiler Andrew , Klein Petra M. , Lee Wen-Chau , Markowski Paul M. , Mullendore Gretchen L. , Moore James A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecommendations are presented for in situ and remote sensing instruments and capabilities needed to advance the study of convection and turbulence in the atmosphere. These recommendations emerged from a community workshop held on 22–24 May 2017 at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Four areas of research were distinguished at this workshop: i) boundary layer flows, including convective and stable boundary layers over heterogeneous land use and terrain conditions; ii) dynamics and thermodynamics of convection, including deep and shallow convection and continental and maritime convection; iii) turbulence above the boundary layer in clouds and in clear air, terrain driven and elsewhere; and iv) cloud microphysical and chemical processes in convection, including cloud electricity and lightning.The recommendations presented herein address a series of facilities and capabilities, ranging from existing ones that continue to fulfill science needs and thus should be retained and/or incrementally improved, to urgently needed new facilities, to desired capabilities for which no adequate solutions are as yet on the horizon. A common thread among all recommendations is the need for more highly resolved sampling, both in space and in time. Significant progress is anticipated, especially through the improved availability of airborne and ground-based remote sensors to the National Science Foundation (NSF)-supported community.
Co-production in primary schools: a systematic literature review
Authors: Honingh Marlies , Bondarouk Elena , Brandsen Taco 
Published: July 2018

Co-production is the involvement of citizens in the design and delivery of services. In primary schools, this involves parents working with teachers to improve the educational development of their children. In this contribution, we present the results of a systematic literature review on co-production in primary schools to establish what research has been conducted and to what extent there is evidence on the effectiveness of co-production in this context. After three subsequent steps of literature selection, an initial database of 3121 articles was reduced to 122 articles which were then carefully analysed. Generally, co-production in education tends to be aimed at specific groups, which makes it hard to generalize, but some findings appear more generally applicable. Co-production does appear to improve students’ knowledge acquisition. Parent–teacher relationships can be difficult and ambiguous, but teacher training appears to be an effective tool for improving co-production. Points for practitioners Although co-production in schools is increasingly popular, it has been tested mostly for specific socioeconomic groups. Further testing is necessary to know whether it would work as a mainstream method. Co-production in school requires a tailor-made approach. The evidence suggests that it is only effective if it is adapted to the specific context. It is therefore misleading to speak of co-production in schools as a single phenomenon; there are many different types of co-production in schools. Investing in teacher training turns out to be helpful in overcoming initial resistance.
Think tanks in politically embedded knowledge regimes: does the “revolving door” matter in China?
Authors: Zhu Xufeng 
Published: July 2018

This article conceptualizes a “politically embedded knowledge regime” in which political power is deeply embedded in administrative and personal networks between bureaucratic decision-makers and their professional consultants. To demonstrate the features of the politically embedded knowledge regime, I evaluate the effects of the revolving door on Chinese think tanks. I empirically find that the revolving door has a negligible contribution to the influence and revenue of think tanks in China. Moreover, the revolving door has significantly negatively effects on the personal social network building of think-tankers. Heterogeneous analysis and propensity score matching are conducted to present the robustness of regression results. Points for practitioners The “revolving door” has always been regarded as an essential factor for the prosperity of American think tanks. It has now become the prevailing recruitment strategy for global think tanks. In particular, the Chinese government and academia are embracing the revolving door mechanism for the development of Chinese think tanks. Nevertheless, no systematic empirical research has been conducted to evaluate the exact effects of the revolving door on Chinese think tanks. My empirical findings reveal that the developmental experiences of American think tanks may not be as effective when applied to other countries with different knowledge regimes.
Phenomenology of the stop: street-level bureaucracy and everyday citizenship of marginalized groups
Authors: Nisar Muhammad Azfar 
Published: July 2018

Limited access to public space for marginalized groups remains an understudied theme in citizenship research in public administration. To address this important research gap, using ethnographic research methods, this article investigates the influence of street-level policing on the everyday citizenship of the Khawaja Sira – a marginalized genderqueer group in Pakistan. Everyday citizenship is conceptualized as the inalienable, equal right of every citizen to be present, visible, and mobile in the public space of a polity. The discussion highlights that through selective implementation of law, hyper-surveillance and moral policing, frontline workers can contribute to curtailing the citizenship of marginalized social groups. Theoretical and practical implications that underscore the intersections of mobility, everyday spaces and administrator–citizen interactions are also discussed. Points for practitioners • Through selective implementation of law, hyper-surveillance and moral policing, frontline workers can contribute to curtailing the citizenship of marginalized social groups. • Access to public space is often disproportionately denied to marginalized social groups like the members of the LGBT community. • The frontline workers of various departments should be educated about the unique identity and requirements of marginalized groups to improve street-level service delivery.
Integrity of the Untorn Articular-Sided Tendon in Bursal-Sided Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear: A Comparative Study of Apoptotic Activity in Torn and Untorn Layers
Authors: Yang Hyo , Lee Hyo-Jin , Lee Yun-Gyoung , Kim Jang-Woon , Kim Yang-Soo 
Published: July 2018

Background: Conversion to full-thickness tear in partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) is based on the quality and thickness of the normal-looking untorn rotator cuff layer. However, whether the untorn tendon is a healthy tissue remains to be elucidated. Purpose: To compare the apoptotic gene expression of the untorn articular layer with the torn bursal layer in PTRCTs. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Tendon tissues were harvested from 20 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery for partial-thickness rotator cuff repair. As a control group, the tissues were harvested during intramedullary nail fixation in 10 proximal humeral fractures. In the experimental group, the samples were harvested from 2 sites: the torn bursal-sided tendon and the untorn articular-sided tendon. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was conducted for basic histological evaluation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect apoptosis of tissue cells. The expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 was confirmed immunohistochemically. Western blot analysis was used to assay the caspase activities. Results: In H&E staining, the direction of collagen bundles in untorn tendon was disoriented when compared with those of control tendon. However, the shape of the nuclei was not different, although the nuclei of the untorn tendon showed apoptosis in the TUNEL staining similar to those of the torn tendon. The immunohistochemical staining of caspase 3, 8, and 9 was increased concomitantly in untorn and torn tendons. All of the caspase activities in the untorn articular layer and torn bursal layer were significantly higher than in controls ( P < .05). However, no significant differences were found between the two layers ( P > .05). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that apoptotic gene expression is increased not only in the torn bursal layer but also in the untorn articular layer of PTRCTs. Clinical Relevance: The untorn articular layer of PTRCTs is abnormal, which triggers postoperative pain and further rotator cuff tears. Therefore, treatment of the abnormal untorn articular layer is essential in bursal-sided PTRCTs.
The Acceleration of Privatization: Understanding State, Power Bloc, and Capital Accumulation in Turkey
Authors: Zaifer Ahmet 
Published: July 2018

This article seeks to explain the post-2001 acceleration of privatization in Turkey. Employing a Marxian analytical framework, the article argues that the acceleration of privatization in Turkey in the post-2001 period was the result of a powerful combination of support from the power bloc (i.e., fractions of capital) in Turkey, which has been achieved with a major subordination of labor. The power bloc saw previously unavailable advantages in supporting privatization within the context of the post-2001 domestic capital accumulation regime, and therefore acted to restructure the legal and institutional framework of the state to weaken the resistance of labor and facilitate the participation of potential investors in privatization tenders. This interpretation challenges the dominance of institutionalist accounts, which draw on the legal-institutional framework and/or national interest-based discourses without considering how the changing relations among different fractions of capital and between capital and labor within the constitutive dynamics of domestic capital accumulation exerted significant influence on the acceleration of privatization. JEL Classification: P160; F50
Frequent Indoor Tanners’ Beliefs About Indoor Tanning and Cessation
Authors: Glanz Karen , Jordan Amy , Lazovich DeAnn , Bleakley Amy 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: Indoor tanning is associated with an increased risk of developing skin cancer. In the United States, nearly 1 in 5 white women aged 18 to 25 are indoor tanners. This study elicited beliefs about tanning indoors and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Design: Semi-structured interviews. Participants and Setting: Forty 18- to 25-year-old white females who engaged in frequent indoor tanning participated in either in-person or telephone interviews. Most were college students from southeastern Pennsylvania and Delaware. Method: A semi-structured interview was used to elicit beliefs about indoor tanning and quitting or cutting back. Data analyses using NVivo and multiple coders identified key themes about going and quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning. Results: Key themes stated as reasons for indoor tanning included improving physical appearance, social acceptance, increased confidence, and happiness. The main themes identified as advantages of quitting/cutting back on indoor tanning were to decrease skin cancer risk and save money. Perceived disadvantages of quitting/cutting back included themes of concerns about being pale and a decline in self-confidence. The prospect of saving money and warm weather were seen as facilitating quitting/cutting back. Conclusion: Findings suggest the necessity of addressing appearance concerns, psychological benefits associated with feeling more attractive, and short-term gains such as saving money. These findings provide a foundation for developing effective anti-indoor tanning communication.