bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entzündliche Gelenkerkrankungen neuraltherapeutisch behandeln
Authors: Günter Uwe 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDie Synovialitis ist sonographisch und histologisch als vermehrte Infiltration von Fibroblasten-ähnlichen Synoviozyten erkennbar, mit fakultativem Erguss. Am häufigsten findet man neben rheumatischen Erkrankungen an kleinen Gelenken eine Gonitis bzw. Gonarthritis reaktiver bzw. infektassoziierter Genese. Diverse Risiken werden diskutiert und weisen auf unterschiedliche Pathogenesen innerhalb des Neuro-Endokrino-Immunsystems hin.Neben der Sympathikus-induzierten Arthritis unterhalten Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktionen bei teilweiser nachgewiesener Individualität der präsentierten Oberflächenstrukturen des Immunzellsystems die synovialen Befunde. Degenerativ induzierte Matrix-Metalloproteinasen provozieren auch proinflammatorische Zytokine sowie deren Gegenregulatoren.Die neuraltherapeutische Behandlung kann mit immunmodulativ wirkenden Lokalanästhetika in vielen Fällen die Beschwerden lindern. Im Artikel wird ein Ausblick auf wichtige Injektionstechniken gegeben.
Klotho Restraining Egr1/TLR4/mTOR Axis to Reducing the Expression of Fibrosis and Inflammatory Cytokines in High Glucose Cultured Rat Mesangial Cells
Authors: Wu Can , Ma Xiaoyu , Zhou Yang , Liu Yv , Shao Ying , Wang Qiuyue 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAnti-aging protein Klotho is closely associated with a variety of chronic diseases and age-related diseases. And Klotho gene deficiency enhances the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), resulting in exacerbating streptozotocin-stimulated diabetic glomerular injury and promoting the progression of early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, it has not yet been elucidated that the mechanism of Klotho function on the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerular injury. What’s more, insulin represents the antilipolytic effect via the mTOR-early growth response factor 1 (Egr1) regulatory axis in mammalian organism. Valsartan reduced the high glucose-activated toll like report 4 (TLR4) expression and inflammatory cytokines via inhibiting Egr1 expression. In this study, we aim to explore the effects of Klotho on Egr1 expression and TLR4/mTOR pathways activity in high glucose cultured rat mesangial cells (RMCs) in vitro. Our study revealed that high glucose upregulated Egr1 to aggravate the inflammation and fibrosis in RMCs. And high glucose activates Egr1/TLR4/mTOR regulatory axis in MCs, indicating that one coherent feedforward loop is formed. Anti-aging protein Klotho may attenuate glomerular inflammation and fibrosis to provide protection against diabetic kidney injury via inhibiting the activity of Egr1/TLR4/mTOR regulatory axis in high glucose conditions. This study complements the function mechanism of Egr1/TLR4/mTOR regulatory axis playing in the pathogenesis of DKD, and provides a new direction and theoretical basis for anti-aging protein Klotho in DKD treatment.
Seltene nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen: Die Magenfunktionsszintigrafie
Authors: Linke Rainer 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungNuklearmedizinische Verfahren erlauben die nicht invasive Erfassung von Organfunktionen des Verdauungstraktes, allerdings wird aufgrund des immer umfangreicher werdenden diagnostischen Spektrums (Atemtest, Ultraschall, Endoskopie, Manometrie, MRT) zunehmend seltener an diese Untersuchungsmethoden gedacht. Dennoch können nuklearmedizinische Verfahren weiterhin einen wichtigen Beitrag in der Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltraktes leisten. So kann szintigrafisch die Magenfunktion visuell und quantitativ erfasst werden. Der Magen hat die Aufgabe, die Nahrung nach der Ösophaguspassage vorübergehend zu speichern und fraktioniert in den Dünndarm zu entleeren. Eine phasische Peristaltik des Magens dient der Durchmischung und Zerkleinerung des Speisebreis. Störungen der Magenfunktion können Beschwerden wie Völlegefühl, Blähungen, epigastrische Schmerzen, Übelkeit und Erbrechen verursachen. Ursächlich für eine Magenfunktionsstörung sind operative Eingriffe (Fundoplikatio, Magenteilresektion), aber auch Stoffwechselerkrankungen (z. B. Diabetes mellitus), Kollagenosen, Gastritiden oder selten auch Tumoren. Zudem müssen auch funktionelle Krankheitsbilder oder Nebenwirkungen von Medikamenten in Betracht gezogen werden. Mit der Magenfunktionsszintigrafie kann das Ausmaß einer Funktionsstörung einfach und schnell erfasst und können Kenntnisse über die Magenentleerung und die peristaltische Aktivität des Magens gewonnen werden. Untersuchungen mit radioaktiv markierten Testspeisen sind physiologisch und nicht invasiv. Je nach zugrundeliegender Erkrankung bzw. Störung finden sich typische Befundkombinationen, die eine differenzial- und artdiagnostische Einordnung ermöglichen.
Macrophage phenotype and bioenergetics are controlled by oxidized phospholipids identified in lean and obese adipose tissue
Authors: Serbulea Vlad , Upchurch Clint M. , Schappe Michael S. , Voigt Paxton , DeWeese Dory E. , Desai Bimal N. , Meher Akshaya K. , Leitinger Norbert 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) maintain adipose tissue homeostasis. However, during obesity ATMs become inflammatory, resulting in impaired adipose tissue function. Oxidative stress increases during obesity, which is thought to contribute to adipose tissue inflammation. To date, the connection between oxidative stress and adipose tissue inflammation remain unclear. In this study, we identify two classes of phospholipid oxidation products in lean and obese adipose tissue, which polarize macrophages to an antioxidant or proinflammatory state, respectively. Furthermore, we show that these phospholipids differently affect macrophage cellular metabolism, reflecting the metabolisms of ATMs found in lean and obese adipose tissue. Identification of pathways controlling ATM metabolism will lead to novel therapies for insulin resistance.
Microscale optoelectronic infrared-to-visible upconversion devices and their use as injectable light sources
Authors: Ding He , Lu Lihui , Shi Zhao , Wang Dan , Li Lizhu , Li Xichen , Ren Yuqi , Liu Changbo , Cheng Dali , Kim Hoyeon , Giebink Noel C. , Wang Xiaohui , Yin Lan , Zhao Lingyun , Luo Minmin , Sheng Xing 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Materials and devices that upconvert photons from low to high frequencies are of tremendous interest for broad applications in bio- and chemical sensing, infrared imaging, display, and photovoltaics. Here we develop self-powered, micrometer-scale optoelectronic upconversion devices for infrared-to-visible photon upconversion. The realized microscale optoelectronic device exhibits a practical efficiency of 1.5% under incoherent low-power illumination, with emission intensity linearly dependent on excitation. Other remarkable advances over conventional approaches include broadband absorption, wide-emission spectral tunability (red, yellow, and blue), and fast dynamics. Encapsulated ultraminiaturized devices can be implanted into subdermal tissues and provide stable operation in behaving animals. Demonstrations of optogenetic stimulation in living animals present their potential for biomedical uses.
Primary productivity below the seafloor at deep-sea hot springs
Authors: McNichol Jesse , Stryhanyuk Hryhoriy , Sylva Sean P. , Thomas François , Musat Niculina , Seewald Jeffrey S. , Sievert Stefan M. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The existence of a chemosynthetic subseafloor biosphere was immediately recognized when deep-sea hot springs were discovered in 1977. However, quantifying how much new carbon is fixed in this environment has remained elusive. In this study, we incubated natural subseafloor communities under in situ pressure/temperature and measured their chemosynthetic growth efficiency and metabolic rates. Combining these data with fluid flux and in situ chemical measurements, we derived empirical constraints on chemosynthetic activity in the natural environment. Our study shows subseafloor microorganisms are highly productive (up to 1.4 Tg C produced yearly), fast-growing (turning over every 17–41 hours), and physiologically diverse. These estimates place deep-sea hot springs in a quantitative framework and allow us to assess their importance for global biogeochemical cycles.
Monitoring molecular nonadiabatic dynamics with femtosecond X-ray diffraction
Authors: Bennett Kochise , Kowalewski Markus , Rouxel Jérémy R. , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: June 2018

Significance
X-ray crystallography has long been used to determine the structure of crystals and molecular samples. More recent advancements in light sources and computational methods made it possible to routinely determine the structure of large proteins. The introduction of X-ray free-electron lasers opens up the possibility to track the dynamics of molecular structures on a femtosecond time scale and to create molecular movies of chemical reactions. The theory of time-independent diffraction is well known. However, time-resolved diffraction techniques pose not only new challenges to experiments but also to their interpretation. In this work, we present a unified theoretical framework that will aid experimental interpretations as well as predictions of types of X-ray diffraction experiments.
Enhanced mRNA delivery into lymphocytes enabled by lipid-varied libraries of charge-altering releasable transporters
Authors: McKinlay Colin J. , Benner Nancy L. , Haabeth Ole A. , Waymouth Robert M. , Wender Paul A. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The transfection of lymphocytes with genetic material is a significant unmet need in immunotherapy and the treatment of many diseases. Current transfection strategies primarily rely on physical methods that must be conducted ex vivo and are often inefficient. We identified mixtures of lipid-varied mRNA delivery vehicles (charge-altering releasable transporters, CARTs) that show enhanced uptake into multiple lymphocyte cell types. The top performing lipid mixtures were rapidly identified using a combinatorial strategy and the resulting information was used to design single-delivery agents incorporating both lipid domains using our two-step organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization. Hybrid-lipid CARTs show >80% mRNA transfection efficiency in vitro and >1.5% lymphocyte transfection efficiency in mice, which is higher than previously reported systems. These materials should enable new immunotherapy strategies and applications.
Bright quantum dots emitting at ∼1,600 nm in the NIR-IIb window for deep tissue fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhang Mingxi , Yue Jingying , Cui Ran , Ma Zhuoran , Wan Hao , Wang Feifei , Zhu Shoujun , Zhou Ying , Kuang Yun , Zhong Yeteng , Pang Dai-Wen , Dai Hongjie 
Published: June 2018

Significance
In vivo fluorescence imaging in near IR-IIb window (1,500–1,700 nm) can provide high spatial and temporal resolution and deep tissue penetration for fundamental research and potential translations. Herein, a bright fluorescent probe emitting at ∼1,600 nm based on lead sulfide (PbS)/CdS quantum dots was developed. The CdS shell helped to chemically passivate and retain the high fluorescence of the PbS core after phase transfer to aqueous solutions for biocompatibility. The 1,600-nm emitting probe allowed noninvasive, millimeter-deep fluorescence imaging at high speeds up to 60 frames per second with micrometer-scale spatial resolution in 2D wide-field and 3D confocal modes. The probes were nontoxic and largely excreted over 1 month, providing a tool for in vivo research of preclinical animal models.
Specific binding of PCBP1 to heavily oxidized RNA to induce cell death
Authors: Ishii Takashi , Hayakawa Hiroshi , Igawa Tatsuhiro , Sekiguchi Takeshi , Sekiguchi Mutsuo 
Published: June 2018

Significance
The binding of human PCBP1 protein to heavily oxidized RNA triggers the induction of apoptosis-related reactions, including the activation of caspase-3 and the cleavage of PARP-1. The introduction of amino acid substitutions in the PCBP1 abolishes this, resulting in the failure of PARP-1 cleavage. Human cells appear to possess a mechanism to induce cell death when their messenger RNAs are severely damaged. This mechanism might be related to the accumulation of abnormal proteins in long-lived cells, such as those in the nervous system.
Exorcism and Religious Politics in Fifteenth-Century Florence
Authors: Walden Justine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines a series of messages concerning politics and geography that the religious order of the Vallombrosans embedded within a series of exorcism manuscripts and addressed to Lorenzo de’ Medici in the late fifteenth century. The Vallombrosans crafted their manuscripts to negotiate a host of troubles: schism over reform, friction with Lorenzo, diminishing social status, increased marginality, competition with rival religious orders, new definitions of orthodoxy, and alternate forms of religious devotion. I frame Vallombrosan troubles and their turn to exorcism as symptomatic of the increased predominance of Mendicant Observants over older orders, and link this shift to a newly active and politicized demonology.
The Renaissance Footprint: The Material Trace in Print Culture from Dürer to Spenser
Authors: Gordon Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article argues that Renaissance print culture appropriated the cultural meanings of the footprint. The potent analogy between the printing press and printing foot informed Reformation debates over Christ’s footprints as objects of devotion and subjects of representation. In sixteenth-century England a model for investigative reading informed by Erasmian humanism was developed in the print projects of George Gascoigne and Edmund Spenser. Experimentation with effects of the press and the material environment of the page culminated in extensive play upon the material and metaphorical sign of the printing foot in Spenser’s “Amoretti.”
Systematic review and meta-regressions: management of eosinophilic esophagitis requires histologic assessment
Authors: Chang J W , Yeow R Y , Waljee A K , Rubenstein J H 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Treatment endpoints in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are response of eosinophilic inflammation and of symptoms. Steroids and diet therapy are effective in inducing histologic response in EoE, but there may be poor correlation between histologic and symptomatic response. Despite this, we find that in clinical practice symptoms are commonly used to guide management without assessing histologic response. We hypothesized that symptom response alone is not reliable in assessing response to therapy and is confounded by endoscopic dilation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-regressions to estimate the association of histologic and symptomatic response, stratified by whether concurrent dilation was permitted. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies describing both histologic and symptomatic responses to dilation, steroid, and diet therapies. We abstracted the proportion of histologic response and symptom response. Studies were stratified by whether dilation was permitted. We performed meta-regressions of the association between the proportions with histologic and symptomatic response, stratified by whether dilation was permitted. We identified 1359 articles, of which 62 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 23 were included providing data on 1202 patients with EoE. Unstratified meta-regression of histologic versus symptomatic response showed moderate association and large heterogeneity (inconsistency index [I2] = 89%). In adult studies in which dilation was allowed, there was weak association between symptomatic and histologic response (β1 = 0.21), minimal symptomatic response of 67% and the heterogeneity persisted, I2 = 77%. In studies that prohibited dilation, maximal symptomatic response was 72% and was moderately associated with histologic response (β1 = 0.39) with less heterogeneity, I2 = 59%. Studies of EoE that permit dilation obscure the relation between histologic and symptomatic response and have a high floor effect for symptomatic response. Studies that prohibit dilation demonstrate moderate association between histologic and symptomatic response, but have a ceiling effect for symptomatic response. Our results demonstrate that success of dietary or medical management for EoE cannot be judged by symptoms alone, and require histologic assessment, particularly if dilation has been performed.
A usability and safety analysis of electronic health records: a multi-center study
Authors: Ratwani Raj M , Savage Erica , Will Amy , Arnold Ryan , Khairat Saif , Miller Kristen , Fairbanks Rollin J , Hodgkins Michael , Hettinger A Zachary 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
To characterize the variability in usability and safety of EHRs from two vendors across four healthcare systems (2 Epic and 2 Cerner). Twelve to 15 emergency medicine physicians participated from each site and completed six clinical scenarios. Keystroke, mouse click, and video data were collected. From the six scenarios, two diagnostic imaging, laboratory, and medication tasks were analyzed. There was wide variability in task completion time, clicks, and error rates. For certain tasks, there were an average of a nine-fold difference in time and eight-fold difference in clicks. Error rates varied by task (X-ray 16.7% to 25%, MRI: 0 to 10%, Lactate: 0% to 14.3%, Tylenol: 0 to 30%; Taper: 16.7% to 50%). The variability in time, clicks, and error rates highlights the need for improved implementation optimization. EHR implementation, in addition to vendor design and development, is critical to usable and safe products.
The electronic elephant in the room: Physicians and the electronic health record
Authors: Kroth Philip J , Morioka-Douglas Nancy , Veres Sharry , Pollock Katherine , Babbott Stewart , Poplau Sara , Corrigan Katherine , Linzer Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesDetermine the specific aspects of health information and communications technologies (HICT), including electronic health records (EHRs), most associated with physician burnout, and identify effective coping strategies.Materials and methodsWe performed a qualitative analysis of transcripts from 2 focus groups and a burnout assessment of ambulatory physicians—each at 3 different health care institutions with 3 different EHRs.ResultsOf the 41 clinicians, 71% were women, 98% were physicians, and 73% worked in primary care for an average of 11 years. Only 22% indicated sufficient time for documentation. Fifty-six percent noted “a great deal of stress” because of their job. Forty-two percent reported “poor” or “marginal” control over workload. Even though 90% reported EHR proficiency, 56% indicated EHR time at home was “excessive” or “moderately high.” Focus group themes included HICT “successes” where all patients’ information is accessible from multiple locations. HICT “stressors” included inefficient user interfaces, unpredictable system response times, poor interoperability between systems and excessive data entry. “Adverse outcomes” included ergonomic problems (eg, eye strain and hand, wrist, and back pain) and decreased attractiveness of primary care. Suggested “organizational changes” included EHR training, improved HICT usability, and scribes. “Personal/resilience” strategies focused on self-care (eg, exercise, maintaining work-life boundaries, and positive thinking).Discussion and conclusionHICT use, while beneficial in many ways for patients and providers, has also increased the burden of ambulatory practice with personal and professional consequences. HICT and clinic architectural and process redesign are likely necessary to make significant overall improvements.
Human Exposure to Radioactivity From Tobacco Smoke: Systematic Review
Authors: Laking George Robert 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco has been known to contain radioactive polonium and lead for 50 years but the literature is divided as to the public health significance. I review the data on tobacco radioactivity and its internalization by smokers.

Methods
Data sources: Reports of lead-210 and polonium-210 content of tobacco leaf, cigarettes, cigarette smoke, and human respiratory tissues, published between 1964 and September 2017. Study selection: Any identified study that reported values for lead-210 and polonium-210 content. Data extraction: Data quality was addressed by comparative review of analytic methods.

Results
The data about radiation content of tobacco and smoke are robust. Early reports suggesting microsievert lifetime doses of inhaled radioactivity to smokers were not borne out. The results remain sensitive to pharmacological assumptions around absorption and redistribution of inhaled radionuclides, and radiobiological assumptions about interaction with human tissues.

Conclusions
Literature on tobacco radioactivity has not fully contended with pharmacological and radiobiological uncertainty, and is therefore divided as to health significance. This does much to explain regulatory inaction over the last half century. Before radiation safety law can offer a vehicle for tobacco control, more must be learnt about the pharmacology and radiobiology of inhaled radionuclides in tobacco smoke.

Implications
This work makes it apparent that the study of tobacco smoke radioactivity has been scientifically stagnant for the last 40 years. The field cannot advance until we improve understanding of the pharmacology and radiobiology of inhaled radionuclides in tobacco smoke. Despite this, a subset of contemporary authors is still suggesting individual health risks about 1000 times higher than can be supported by internationally accepted models.
Infectious Scleritis: What the ID Clinician Should Know
Authors: Guerrero-Wooley Richelle L , Peacock James E 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Scleritis is an inflammatory process involving the outer coating of the globe which is characterized by focal or diffuse hyperemia, moderate to severe pain, and frequent impairment of vision. Most cases of scleritis are autoimmune in nature and are managed with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. Infectious scleritis is a less common entity, occurring in 5%–10% of cases, and requiring directed antimicrobial therapy. We present a case of Nocardia farcinica anterior nodular scleritis diagnosed via positive culture of an excisional biopsy of a scleral nodule. The patient improved after combined surgical and medical therapy with amoxicillin-clavulanate and moxifloxacin for 12 months. Based on a literature review, a summary of reported cases of infectious scleritis is provided, and guidelines pertaining to diagnosis and management are offered.