bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of future climate change on sugarcane under dryland conditions in Mexico
Authors: Baez‐Gonzalez A. D. , Kiniry J. R. , Meki M. N. , Williams J. R. , Alvarez Cilva M. , Ramos Gonzalez J. L. , Magallanes Estala A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAssessments of impacts of future climate change on widely grown sugarcane varieties can guide decision‐making and help ensure the economic stability of numerous rural households. This study assessed the potential impact of future climatic change on sugarcane grown under dryland conditions in Mexico and identified key climate factors influencing yield. The Agricultural Land Management Alternatives with Numerical Assessment Criteria (ALMANAC) model was used to simulate sugarcane growth and yield under current and future climate conditions. Management, soil and climate data from farm sites in Jalisco (Pacific Mexico) and San Luis Potosi (Northeastern Mexico) were used to simulate baseline yields. Baseline climate was developed with 30‐year historical data from weather stations close to the sites. Future climate for three decadal periods (2021–2050) was constructed by adding forecasted climate values from downscaled outputs of global circulation models to baseline values. Climate change impacts were assessed by comparing baseline yields with those in future decades under the A2 scenario. Results indicate positive impacts of future climate change on sugarcane yields in the two regions, with increases of 1%–13% (0.6–8.0 Mg/ha). As seen in the multiple correlation analysis, evapotranspiration explains 77% of the future sugarcane yield in the Pacific Region, while evapotranspiration and number of water and temperature stress days account for 97% of the future yield in the Northeastern Region. The midsummer drought (canicula) in the Pacific Region is expected to be more intense and will reduce above‐ground biomass by 5%–13% (0.5–1.7 Mg/ha) in July–August. Harvest may be advanced by 1–2 months in the two regions to achieve increases in yield and avoid early flowering that could cause sucrose loss of 0.49 Mg ha−1 month−1. Integrating the simulation of pest and diseases under climate change in crop modelling may help fine‐tune yield forecasting.
Practitioner Review: Emotional dysregulation in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder – implications for clinical recognition and intervention
Authors: Faraone Stephen V. , Rostain Anthony L. , Blader Joseph , Busch Betsy , Childress Ann C. , Connor Daniel F. , Newcorn Jeffrey H. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundBecause emotional symptoms are common in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and associate with much morbidity, some consider it to be a core feature rather than an associated trait. Others argue that emotional symptoms are too nonspecific for use as diagnostic criteria. This debate has been difficult to resolve due, in part, to the many terms used to describe emotional symptoms in ADHD and to concerns about overlap with mood disorders.MethodsWe sought to clarify the nature of emotional symptoms in ADHD by reviewing conceptual and measurement issues and by examining the evidence base regarding specificity of such symptoms for ADHD. We reviewed the various terms used to define emotional symptoms in ADHD, clarify how these symptoms are demarcated from mood disorders, and assess the possibility that symptoms of emotional impulsivity and deficient emotional self‐regulation should be considered as core symptoms. We addressed psychiatric comorbidities, the effects of ADHD treatments on associated emotional dysregulation, and the utility of current rating scales to assess emotional symptoms associated with ADHD.ResultsEmotional symptoms are common and persistent in youth and adults with ADHD. Although emotional symptoms are common in other psychiatric disorders, emotional impulsivity (EI), and deficient emotional self‐regulation (DESR) may be sufficiently specific for ADHD to function as diagnostic criteria.ConclusionsEmotional symptoms in ADHD cause clinically significant impairments. Although there is a solid theoretical rationale for considering EI and DESR to be core symptoms of ADHD, there is no consensus about how to define these constructs sin a manner that would be specific to the disorder. An instrument to measure EI and DESR which demarcates them from irritability and other emotional symptoms could improve the accuracy of diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
Commentary: Whither the epigenetics of child psychopathology? Some reflections provoked by Barker et al. (2018)
Authors: Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. , Fearon Pasco 
Published: April 2018

Barker et al.'s. () review addresses one of the most fundamental questions in the fields of child psychology and psychiatry – How can adverse experiences shape development to a sufficient degree and in profound and enduring ways to create long term risk for later mental disorder and disability? In particular they discuss the plausibility of differential methylation as an epigenetic mechanism by which such exposures can become neuro‐biologically embedded. Our commentary rises six question relating to key issues that need to be addressed as we search for definitive evidence from human studies that such mechanisms actually do make an important causal contribution to abnormal trajectories of development to disorder.
Working Less and Bargain Hunting More: Macroimplications of Sales during Japan's Lost Decades
Authors: SUDO NAO , UEDA KOZO , WATANABE KOTA , WATANABE TSUTOMU 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStandard New Keynesian models have often neglected temporary sales. In this study, we ask whether this treatment is appropriate. We use Japanese scanner data covering the last two decades and find a negative correlation between the frequency of sales and hours worked. We then construct a model that takes households' decisions regarding their allocation of time for work, leisure, and bargain hunting into account. We show that the decline in hours worked explains the rise in the frequency of sales. The real effect of monetary policy shocks weakens by around 40% due to temporary sales, but monetary policy still matters.
Health Literacy Teaching Beliefs, Attitudes, Efficacy, and Intentions of Middle School Health and Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Lai Hsiang‐Ru , Wu Der‐Min , Lee Pi‐Hsia , Jhang Yu‐Siang 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHealth education (HE) courses in schools are vital paths for improving teenagers' health literacy. HE and physical education (PE) teachers lead HE courses, and their teaching intentions and competency influence the effectiveness of the courses and the ability to promote students' health literacy. This study attempted to understand HE and PE teachers' health literacy teaching intentions and professional competency and to investigate their relationships.METHODSThis study adopted a cross‐sectional design. A questionnaire survey was administered to 906 middle school HE and PE teachers in Taiwan by mail, and 545 provided valid data with consent.RESULTSParticipants had a favorable health literacy (47.78/50), positive health literacy teaching beliefs and attitudes, and acceptable efficacy. They intended to implement health literacy instruction within the subsequent year. Teaching beliefs, attitudes, and efficacy were all positively correlated with intentions (all p < .001). Demographic variables, health literacy, and teaching beliefs, attitudes, and efficacy explained 33.5% of the variance of teaching intentions.CONCLUSIONTeaching beliefs, attitudes, and efficacy were crucial predictors of health literacy teaching intentions. To improve students' health literacy, educational authorities and schools should pay attention to HE and PE teachers' intentions and vital factors, thereby enhancing teachers' willingness to perform health literacy instruction.
Leadership Diversity: Effects of Counterstereotypical Thinking on the Support for Women Leaders under Uncertainty
Authors: Randsley de Moura Georgina , Leicht Carola , Leite Ana C. , Crisp Richard J. , Gocłowska Małgorzata A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite societal shifts, women are still underrepresented in leadership positions. Previous research has found that women are often placed in risky and precarious leadership positions. This is likely to be the case when the context (economic, social, political) is uncertain. This article investigates (1) the support given to women leaders with leadership styles that are congruent or not with gender stereotypes, under uncertainty (Study 1) and (2) the role of counterstereotypical thinking in strengthening the support for women leaders who are role congruent (vs. incongruent) under uncertainty (Study 2). Study 1 found a preference for strong, role incongruent women leaders in times of uncertainty (vs. certainty). Study 2 found that this preference can be attenuated and role congruent women leaders perceived as more effective following a counterstereotypical thinking intervention that challenge participants’ social cognitive processing styles. We discuss applied implications regarding how to effectively promote diversity in leadership.
The efficiency of decentralized environmental policies under global pollution and tradable emission permits
Authors: Tsakiris Nikos , Hatzipanayotou Panos , Michael Michael S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe build a two asymmetric regions model with cross‐border pollution related to production. Each region issues emission permits and revenues from their sales finance public pollution abatement. The decentralized level of emission permits is efficient when permits are interregionally tradable and cross‐border pollution is perfect. This result is robust in a variety of cases—for example, when (i) capital is immobile or internationally mobile or only mobile between the two regions, and (ii) revenue from permits sales is transferred to a federal authority.
In vitro evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall fermentability using a dog model
Authors: Musco N. , Calabrò S. , Roberti F. , Grazioli R. , Tudisco R. , Lombardi P. , Cutrignelli M. I. 
Published: April 2018

SummarySix Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall samples were tested by the in vitro gas production technique using dog faeces as inoculum. In particular, the substrates resulted from three different production processes (alcoholic_A, bakers_BA and brewers_BR) and were characterized by two different carbohydrates (mannans + glucans) concentrations nitrogen‐free extract (NFE high and low). Gas production of fermenting cultures was recorded for 72 hr to estimate the fermentation profiles. The organic matter degradability (OMD), fermentation liquor pH, short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) and ammonia (NH3) productions were also measured. All substrates presented a high percentage of OMD (>92%) and moderate fermentability in terms of cumulative volume of gas related to incubated OM (OMCV >50 ml/g) and short‐chain fatty acids production (>25 mmol/g), proving their functional properties. Comparing the substrates, it seems evident that the production process affects the chemical composition of the yeast cell wall in terms of crude protein, ether extract and ash content. Consequently, the in vitro fermentation process was significantly different among substrates for volume of gas, SCFA and ammonia production. Regarding the fermentation rate profiles, the production process influenced mainly the curve shape, whereas the NFE concentration affected the quantity of gas produced per hour. In particular, both S. cerevisiae_BR showed very high percentage of OM degradability, gas and SCFA productions and a fast fermentation process due to their high content of fermentable carbohydrates. On the contrary, both S. cerevisiae_BA yeast cell walls appeared to be less degradable and fermentable, probably due to their high content of ether extract. Regarding both S. cerevisiae_A, the high protein content of these substrates could explain the contrasting in vitro results (high degradability with low gas and SCFA production).
Serologic and fecal markers to predict response to induction therapy in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Otoni Cristiane C. , Heilmann Romy M. , García‐Sancho Mercedes , Sainz Angel , Ackermann Mark R. , Suchodolski Jan S. , Steiner Jörg M. , Jergens Albert E. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundLittle information is available of markers that assess the disease course in dogs with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).ObjectivesEvaluate relationship between disease severity and serum and fecal biomarkers in dogs with idiopathic IBD before and after treatment.AnimalsSixteen dogs with idioptahic IBD and 13 healthy dogs.MethodsProspective case control study. Canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI) clinical score, serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA), and serum and fecal canine calprotectin (cCP) were measured before and after 21 days of treatment.ResultsSerum CRP (median 3.5 mg/L; range: 0.1‐52.4 mg/L), fecal cCP (median 92.3 μg/g; range: 0.03‐637.5 μg/g), and CIBDAI scores significantly increased in dogs with IBD before treatment compared with serum CRP (median 0.2 mg/L; range: 0.1‐11.8 mg/L; P < .001), fecal cCP (median 0.67 μg/g; range: 0.03‐27.9 μg/g; P < .001) and CIBDAI (P < .001) after treatment. No significant associations between CIBDAI scores and before or after treatment serum biomarkers. There was a significant association between fecal cCP and CIBDAI scores before treatment (rho = 0.60, P = .01). CRP and fecal cCP significantly decreased after treatment (median 3.5 mg/L v. 0.2 mg/L; P < .001 and 92.3 μg/g v. 0.67 μg/g; P = .001, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur data indicate that measurement of fecal cCP concentration is a useful biomarker for noninvasive evaluation of intestinal inflammation. Dogs with severe signs of GI disease more often have abnormal markers than dogs having less severe disease.
Characterising infant and young child feeding practices and the consumption of poultry products in rural Tanzania: A mixed methods approach
Authors: de Bruyn Julia , Bagnol Brigitte , Darnton‐Hill Ian , Maulaga Wende , Thomson Peter C. , Alders Robyn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSuboptimal breastfeeding practices, early initiation of complementary feeding, and monotonous cereal‐based diets have been implicated as contributors to continuing high rates of child undernutrition in sub‐Saharan Africa. Nutrition‐sensitive interventions, including agricultural programs that increase access to nutrient‐rich vegetables, legumes, and animal‐source foods, have the potential to achieve sustainable improvements in children's diets. In the quest to evaluate the efficacy of such programs in improving growth and development in the first 2 years of life, there is a role for mixed methods research to better understand existing infant and young child feeding practices. This analysis forms part of a longitudinal study assessing the impact of improvements to poultry health and crop production on diets and growth of 503 randomly selected children from eight rural communities in Manyoni District in central Tanzania. Using an explanatory sequential design, the quantitative phase of data collection was conducted between May 2014 and May 2016, comprising six monthly structured questionnaires, four monthly household‐level documentation of chicken and egg consumption, and fortnightly records of children's breastfeeding status. The subsequent qualitative phase involved in‐depth interviews with a subset of 39 mothers in October 2016. Breastfeeding was almost universal (96.8%) and of long duration (mean = 21.7 months, SD = 3.6), but early initiation of complementary feeding was also common (74.4%; mean = 4.0 months, SD = 1.8), overwhelmingly driven by maternal perceptions of insufficient milk supply (95.0%). Chicken and eggs were infrequently eaten, but close associations between maternal and child consumption patterns (p < .001) suggest the potential for strategies that increase household‐level consumption to bring nutritional benefits to young children.
In rural Gambia, do adolescents have increased nutritional vulnerability compared with adults?
Authors: Schoenbuchner Simon M. , Moore Sophie E. , Johnson William , Ngum Mohammed , Sonko Bakary , Prentice Ann , Prentice Andrew M. , Ward Kate A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdolescents may be particularly susceptible to malnutrition owing to the energy and nutrient costs of the pubertal growth spurt. Here, our aim is to compare differences in selected markers of nutritional status between adolescents and adults in rural Gambia. The Keneba Biobank collects cross‐sectional data and samples for all consenting individuals resident in the West Kiang region of the Gambia. For this study, participants between the ages of 10 and 40 years were selected (n = 4201, females 2447). Height, body mass index, body composition, hemoglobin concentration, fasting glucose concentration, and blood pressure were compared using linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, season of measurement, and residence, across three age groups: early adolescent (10–14.9 years), late adolescent (15–19.9 years), and adult (20–39.9 years). Adolescents, particularly early‐adolescent girls and boys, were shorter, lighter, and leaner than adults. By late adolescence, differences were smaller, particularly in girls where, notably, the prevalence of overweight, hypertension, and impaired fasting glucose was low. Given the importance of maternal health for reproductive outcomes and intergenerational health, the results of the study, albeit with limited biomarkers available, indicate that adolescent girls are no more compromised than adult women or males from the same population.
Atopic dermatitis: Interaction between genetic variants of GSTP1,TNF,TLR2, and TLR4 and air pollution in early life
Authors: Hüls Anke , Klümper Claudia , MacIntyre Elaina A. , Brauer Michael , Melén Erik , Bauer Mario , Berdel Dietrich , Bergström Anna , Brunekreef Bert , Chan‐Yeung Moira , Fuertes Elaine , Gehring Ulrike , Gref Anna , Heinrich Joachim , Standl Marie , Lehmann Irina , Kerkhof Marjan , Koppelman Gerard H. , Kozyrskyj Anita L. , Pershagen Göran , Carlsten Christopher , Krämer Ursula , Schikowski Tamara ,   for the TAG Study Group
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between traffic‐related air pollution (TRAP) and childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) remain inconsistent, possibly due to unexplored gene‐environment interactions. The aim of this study was to examine whether a potential effect of TRAP on AD prevalence in children is modified by selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to oxidative stress and inflammation.MethodsDoctor‐diagnosed AD up to age 2 years and at 7‐8 years, as well as AD symptoms up to age 2 years, was assessed using parental‐reported questionnaires in six birth cohorts (N = 5685). Associations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) estimated at the home address of each child at birth and nine SNPs within the GSTP1, TNF, TLR2, or TLR4 genes with AD were examined. Weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) were calculated from the above SNPs and used to estimate combined marginal genetic effects of oxidative stress and inflammation on AD and its interaction with TRAP.ResultsGRS was associated with childhood AD and modified the association between NO2 and doctor‐diagnosed AD up to the age of 2 years (P(interaction) = .029). This interaction was mainly driven by a higher susceptibility to air pollution in TNF rs1800629 minor allele (A) carriers. TRAP was not associated with the prevalence of AD in the general population.ConclusionsThe marginal genetic association of a weighted GRS from GSTP1, TNF, TLR2, and TLR4SNPs and its interaction with air pollution supports the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in AD.
How Radical Is Too Radical? Public Perception of Taiwanese Environmental Nonprofit Organizations’ Activism*
Authors: Liu Li‐Yin 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThis study sought answers to two important unasked questions: (1) How does the Taiwanese public perceive different types of environmental activism initiated by environmental nonprofit organizations (ENPOs)? And (2) How does culture influence these perceptions?MethodsThis study utilized cultural theory (CT) to develop hypotheses to test data collected through an online survey in Taiwan.ResultsThe evidence confirms what CT predicted: egalitarians tended to consider protest‐based environmental activities as effective and acceptable, while individualists tended to have negative thoughts about the effectiveness and acceptance of protest‐based activities.ConclusionThis study found that CT can also be helpful in studying environmental activism, especially in countries, like Taiwan, where ideological lines and partisan differences on environmental issues are not clear. Moreover, compared to conventional partisan and ideological explanations, CT better explains the determinants of public perceptions regarding environmental activities.
Soil–landscape variability: mapping and building detail information for soil management
Authors: Iticha B. , Takele C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study of soil–landscape relationships at a detailed scale (1:10 000) and its use for soil management was less common in developing countries. The study was conducted in western Ethiopia with the aim to explain the soil variability across landscapes, classify soils into mapping units and produce a map of these soils. This study was performed based on a discrete model of spatial variation. Five soil reference groups: Vertisols, Cambisols, Fluvisols, Luvisols and Leptosols were identified in the study site. Distribution of the soil reference groups was determined by landscape position. Variation in soil texture, colour, pH, exchangeable acidity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (av. P), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), exchangeable potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) was observed within and among soil mapping units (SMUs). Variability was considerably high for exchangeable Ca and CEC. Factor analysis result indicated that variation in soil properties within land unit was comparatively highest in Leptosols of SMU9 (88.87%) and lowest in Vertisols of SMU1 (60.82%). Moderate‐to‐fine scale mapping of soil properties helps to build detail information for soil management. Grouping fields into mapping units that require more or less similar management measure would be an important soil–landscape concept. As a result, mapping units could be used as cost‐effective means of treating variable field so as to optimize the forecasted benefits.