bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Drinking Water Catchments in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Esembeson Malika , Nkenyi Rene , Peter Ndefon , Joseph Kamgno , Longdoh Njunda Anna 
Published: September 2019

Background: Without readily available water in sufficient quantity, and pathogen-free, man's progress is hindered. Globally, 2 billion people use sources of drinking water that are faecally contaminated and not appropriate for consumption. In Cameroon and specifically in fako division, due to acute piped drinking water shortage, the population uses alternative sources (springs and boreholes). Waterborne diseases are the second and third leading weekly epidemiological disease under surveillance in Fako. To find out some predisposing factors of waterborne diseases in Fako , and to meet up with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): 6.1, by 2030, we sort to start with an assessment of the drinking water catchments in Fako, as we found paucity of studies.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to May 2018 using quantitative and qualitative approaches. An adapted WHO checklist was used for observations around catchment, then a risk assessment was done with a semi quantitative approach. Qualitative data was collected through Focus Group Discussions and In-depth interviews.
Results: Of the 15 water catchments assessed, none of them met all WHO recommendations. We found that 60% have anthropogenic activities at less than 100meters from the catchments with progressive reduction in water volume and risk of contamination. Meanwhile 20% were open springs and consumers fetch water with feet and container deepen in source, while 13.3% were surface water. There was no integrated catchment management with stakeholders in Fako Division.
Conclusion: None of the catchments met WHO recommendations. An integrated drinking water management team and a periodic monitoring of these catchments is imperative.
The Impact of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) on Sustainable Development Projects in Katsina Metropolis
Authors: Muazu Naseer Babangida , Abdullahi Abubakar 
Published: September 2019

Nigeria is facing profound social, economic and environmental impact of population growth, development and environmental constraints. It is apparent that government alone has limited capacity to deal with all these problems. NGOs being one of the most effective partners have been playing supportive roles with the government, in some cases, they are considered more effective to get attached with the grass root level developmental initiatives. However, despite the role NGOs played, their presence and impact is not fully evaluated, recognized and appreciated by many governments and community members. It is for this reason this article attempts to examine whether projects executed by NGOs have any impact on sustainable development in Katsina Metropolis, given special emphasis on projects that dealt with environmental protection, poverty alleviation and health care services. The study further look at whether efficiency of NGOs officials has any impact on success of sustainable development projects execution. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 NGOs beneficiaries in five (5) selected political wards of twelve (12) in Katsina metropolis. Interviews was used to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire from NGOs officials which include; development officers and facilitators in five (5) selected NGO offices operating in Katsina Metropolis namely; Save the Children, Service to Humanity Foundation, Murna Foundation, Katsina Friends of Environment and Makudawa Skills Acquisition. Frequency and chi-square analysis was used to present the results. The findings revealed that NGOs are complementing government efforts towards achieving sustainable development through their projects, and efficiency of NGOs officials has significant impact on success of sustainable development projects executed in the area. The findings of the study can benefit government and NGOs in creating more areas of collaboration in order to achieve sustainable development.
Os caminhos do curso de dança da UNICRUZ (1998-2010)
Authors: Hoffmann Carmen Anita , Zanella Andrisa Kemel , Allemand Débora Souto 
Published: September 2019

<p>O presente texto tem por objetivo visibilizar analiticamente o percurso institucional do Curso de Dança – Licenciatura Plena da UNICRUZ (1998-2010), em Cruz Alta/RS. Para isto, apresenta o seu processo histórico, o pioneirismo, a inserção e relevância para Rio Grande do Sul, especialmente no que se refere à formação superior em dança, bem como suas repercussões na instalação de outros sete cursos de Dança no Estado. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e adota a metodologia da história oral, utilizando como principal instrumento entrevistas semiestruturadas com ex-professores, ex-alunos e pessoas envolvidas. Embora o Curso tenha se consolidado e contribuído para os avanços nos estudos de dança no Rio Grande do Sul, em 2010 formou a última turma. Estes acontecimentos não o aniquilam, eles o tornam inteligível ao percebermos as relações de um Curso com seu tempo. A análise das memórias permitiu avaliar que o curso seguiu uma trajetória consoante às condições do contexto em que se desenvolveu. A história do curso de Dança da UNICRUZ representa um marco na história da educação superior em Dança no Rio Grande do Sul, pois, a partir dele, se instalaram sete outros cursos no Estado.</p>
Preparação corporal e Somaestética na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia 2000 - 2018
Authors: Meira Renata Bittencourt 
Published: September 2019

<span id="docs-internal-guid-882962cc-7b58-e483-8ce4-3f573107321a"><span>Este ensaio apresenta procedimentos e abordagens somáticas em processos de formação em artes cênicas no Curso de Teatro da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) que subsidiam a formulação da noção de </span><span>Materialidade Somaestética </span><span>e engendra os procedimentos </span><span>Ternas</span><span>. Discorre sobre a formação de procedimentos pedagógicos e prática docente na perspectiva da Educação Somática tendo como fonte as reformulações do projeto pedagógico, os planos de ensino e anotações das aulas, no período de 2000 a 2018, em diálogo com estudos de delineamento do campo da Educação Somática e com pesquisas que trataram da inserção de prática somáticas em cursos universitários em contextos diferenciados.</span></span>
Oxygen/Fluorine Dual‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanopolyhedra Enabled Ultrafast and Highly Stable Potassium Storage
Authors: Lu Jian , Wang Changlai , Yu Haolei , Gong Shipeng , Xia Guoliang , Jiang Peng , Xu Pengping , Yang Kang , Chen Qianwang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCarbon‐based materials are promising anodes for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). However, due to the significant volume expansion and structural instability, it is still a challenge to achieve a high capacity, high rate and long cycle life for carbonaceous anodes. Herein, oxygen/fluorine dual‐doped porous carbon nanopolyhedra (OFPCN) is reported for the first time as a novel anode for PIBs, which exhibits a high reversible capacity of 481 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and excellent performance of 218 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1 with 92% capacity retention. Even after 5000 robust cycles at 10 A g−1 with charging/discharging time of around 40 s, an unprecedented capacity of 111 mA h g−1 is still maintained. Such ultrafast potassium storage and unprecedented cycling stability have been seldom reported in PIBs. Quantitative kinetics analysis reveals that both diffusion and capacitance processes are involved in the potassium storage mechanism. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the O/F dual‐doped porous carbon promotes the K‐adsorption ability and can absorb multiple K atoms with slight structural distortion, which accounts for the high specific capacity, outstanding rate capability, and excellent cycling stability of the OFPCN anode.
Atomic Layer Deposition Inducing Integration of Co, N Codoped Carbon Sphere on 3D Foam with Hierarchically Porous Structures for Flexible Hydrogen Producing Device
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Yuting , Liu Jinrun , Liu Chang , Wang Zhijie , Zheng Gengfeng , Huang Gaoshan , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntegration of metal–organic frameworks on deformation tolerant substrates exhibits a promising prospect in flexible electrode applications. A straightforward synthesis utilizing atomic layer deposition pretreating to induce the growth of a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) layer on carbon foam (CF), which maintains high ZIF‐67 loading with a hierarchically porous structure and large surface area of 453 m2 g−1 is presented. With a subsequent pyrolysis process, three‐dimensional composite structures are obtained with Co, N codoped carbon spheres attached firmly on the CF framework, and CF bridges the individual carbon spheres to construct a conductive pathway. The composites are used as a flexible electrode for hydrogen production both in acid and alkaline electrolytes. The advances in the composite structure, such as the hierarchically porous structure, large surface area, and high loading of active material, lead to excellent electrochemical performance in terms of low overpotential of 142 mV and low Tafel slope of 73 mV dec−1 in 0.5 m H2SO4. Most importantly, the composite structure with outstanding flexible property shows good catalytic performance under remarkable deformation, and after 100 repeated compression–recovery cycles, the performance degrades slightly. This work provides a new design of flexible electrode, which is promising for the hydrogen production industry.
Ultracompliant Carbon Nanotube Direct Bladder Device
Authors: Yan Dongxiao , Bruns Tim M. , Wu Yuting , Zimmerman Lauren L. , Stephan Chris , Cameron Anne P. , Yoon Euisik , Seymour John P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe bladder, stomach, intestines, heart, and lungs all move dynamically to achieve their purpose. A long‐term implantable device that can attach onto an organ, sense its movement, and deliver current to modify the organ function would be useful in many therapeutic applications. The bladder, for example, can suffer from incomplete contractions that result in urinary retention with patients requiring catheterization. Those affected may benefit from a combination of a strain sensor and electrical stimulator to better control bladder emptying. The materials and design of such a device made from thin layer carbon nanotube (CNT) and Ecoflex 00–50 are described and demonstrate its function with in vivo feline bladders. During bench‐top characterization, the resistive and capacitive sensors exhibit stability throughout 5000 stretching cycles under physiology conditions. In vivo measurements with piezoresistive devices show a high correlation between sensor resistance and volume. Stimulation driven from platinum‐silicone composite electrodes successfully induce bladder contraction. A method for reliable connection and packaging of medical grade wire to the CNT device is also presented. This work is an important step toward the translation of low‐durometer elastomers, stretchable CNT percolation, and platinum‐silicone composite, which are ideal for large‐strain bioelectric applications to sense or modulate dynamic organ states.
Direct Laser Etching Free‐Standing MXene‐MoS2 Film for Highly Flexible Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Xing , Wang Siliang , Shi Junjie , Du Xiaoyu , Cheng Qinghua , Xue Rui , Wang Qiang , Wang Min , Ruan Limin , Zeng Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with excellent flexibility and high electrochemical performance are essential for portable and miniaturized electronics. In this paper, a laser etching technology with advantages of simple process, low cost, and high machining accuracy is used to directly etch the free‐standing MXene‐molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) film for MSC. As adding MoS2 in MXene effectively improves the electrochemical performance, such as a higher specific capacitance (about 60% higher than pure MXene). Eventually, the maximum specific capacitance of this MSC (based on the total volume of positive and negative electrodes) is 173.6 F cm−3 (1 mV s−1), and the maximum energy density and maximum power density are 15.5 mWh cm−3 and 0.97 W cm−3, respectively. In addition, the MSC also shows the excellent cycle stability and flexibility, e.g., after 6000 charge–discharge cycles and bending up to 150°, the capacitances of the MSC still retain about 98% and 89% of its initial capacitance, respectively. The laser‐etched MSC based on MXene‐MoS2 offers a new idea for future high‐performance micro energy storage devices.
Sn‐Alloy Foil Electrode with Mechanical Prelithiation: Full‐Cell Performance up to 200 Cycles
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Sa , Chen Xinlong , Zhang Can , Liu Wenjian , Fan Huimin , Yu Yue , Huang Yunhui , Li Ju 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelf‐supporting Sn foil is a promising high‐volumetric‐capacity anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), but it suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Here, mechanical prelithiation is adopted to improve ICE, and it is found that Sn foils with coarser grains are prone to cause electrode damage. To mitigate damage and prepare thinner lithiated electrodes, 3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn foil is used that has more refined grains (5–10 µm) instead of Sn (50–100 µm), where the abundant grain boundaries (GBs) offer more sliding systems to release stress and reduce deep fractures. Thus, the thickness of Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn can be reduced to 50 µm, compared to 100 µm LixSn. When the foils contact open air, the Sn‐Li‐O(H) products are more stable than Li‐O(H), thus Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn shows outstanding air stability. The as‐prepared 50 µm foil anode achieves stable 200 cycles in LiFePO4//Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell (≈2.65 mAh cm−2) and the capacity retention is 95%. Even at 5C, the capacity of Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is still up to ≈1.8 mAh cm−2. The cycle life of NCM523//Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn full cell exceeds that of NCM523//Li. Furthermore, 70 µm Lix3Ag0.5Cu96.5Sn is used as double‐sided anode for a 3 cm × 2.8 cm pouch cell and its actual volumetric capacity density is 674 mAh cm−3 after 50 cycles.
Engineering Escherichia coli for propionic acid production through the Wood–Werkman cycle
Authors: Gonzalez‐Garcia Ricardo A. , McCubbin Timothy , Turner Mark S. , Nielsen Lars K. , Marcellin Esteban 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNative to propionibacteria, the Wood–Werkman cycle enables propionate production via succinate decarboxylation. Current limitations in engineering propionibacteria strains have redirected attention toward the heterologous production in model organisms. Here, we report the functional expression of the Wood–Werkman cycle in Escherichia coli to enable propionate and 1‐propanol production. The initial proof‐of‐concept attempt showed that the cycle can be used for production. However, production levels were low (0.17 mM). In silico optimization of the expression system by operon rearrangement and ribosomal‐binding site tuning improved performance by fivefold. Adaptive laboratory evolution further improved performance redirecting almost 30% of total carbon through the Wood–Werkman cycle, achieving propionate and propanol titers of 9 and 5 mM, respectively. Rational engineering to reduce the generation of byproducts showed that lactate (∆ldhA) and formate (∆pflB) knockout strains exhibit an improved propionate and 1‐propanol production, while the ethanol (∆adhE) knockout strain only showed improved propionate production.
Insights into Redox Dynamics of Vanadium Species Impregnated in Layered Siliceous Zeolitic Structures during Methanol Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Vieira Luiz H. , Possato Luiz G. , Chaves Thiago F. , Lee Jason J. , Sulmonetti Taylor P. , Jones Christopher W. , Martins Leandro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSupported transition metal catalysts have been extensively applied to oxidative and reductive processes. The understanding of surface speciation and active site‐support interactions in these materials play a substantial role in developing improved heterogeneous catalysts. Herein, a series of impregnated 3D ferrierite and 2D ITQ‐6 siliceous supports with variable loading of vanadium oxide was prepared. Chemical and structural properties of the materials were studied by X‐ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry, X‐ray absorption, Fourier transform infrared and diffuse reflectance UV‐vis spectroscopies, and temperature‐programmed reduction with H2. Reactivity of the catalyst surface, associated with the incidence of isolated silanol groups, was found to be more effective when vanadium oxides were better dispersed and stabilized than increases in surface area. Differences in activation and the oxidation state dynamic behavior of active sites were then probed by methanol oxidation as a model reaction monitored by in situ FTIR spectroscopy and XANES/MS. By applying isothermal periods of reaction under non‐oxidizing atmosphere and regeneration of catalysts by O2, it was found that, even at distinct rates, all types of sites are accessible during reaction, since a complete reduction to V4+ was observed. However, reoxidation of sites to V5+ is limited and sensitive to the different vanadium species on the surface, and probably, the determinant factor of the distinct V5+/V4+ equilibrium reached for the catalysts when the reaction is carried out under constant oxidizing atmosphere.
Understanding the failure of Bioglass 8625 transponder capsules used in tracking blackbuck antelopes
Authors: Carnrike Talya , Nerf Mitchell , Alter Denise , Reed Kischa , Kalu Peter N. , Campbell Dorr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRadio‐frequency identification (RFID) systems are used in a variety of applications, with animal tracking as one of them. In order to be safely implanted in animals, theRFIDsystems are embedded in Bioglass 8625 capsules. Although these Bioglass transponder chips have proven to be successful in household pets, there is a major concern regarding their use in male Blackbuck antelope where a significant level of failure has been reported. Since there is limited mechanical data on Bioglass 8625, this study was undertaken to provide a preliminary assessment of the reason for the failure. Three‐point bend test and finite element analysis (FEA), based on three possible loading configurations during male Blackbuck antelope fighting, were used in this investigation. The flexural strength of the capsule was found to be 250 ± 50 MPa.FEAanalysis, using the peak fighting force (456 N) of the Blackbuck antelope, showed that the stress distribution resulting from all three loading configurations greatly exceeded the flexural strength of the Bioglass 8625 capsules. It is reasonable to conclude that the Bioglass 8625 capsule is highly likely to fracture under the current condition of utilization. Based onFEAsimulation, a capsule with increased wall thickness has been recommended.
A Facile Preparation of Super Long‐Term Stable Lignin Nanoparticles from Black Liquor
Authors: Ma Mingshuai , Dai Lin , Si Chuanling , Hui Lanfeng , Liu Zhong , Ni Yonghao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWith the increase in lignin availability, materials derived from micro‐ and nano‐scale lignin developed rapidly. However, the tedious processes of raw‐lignin pretreatment and poor stability seriously restrict the large‐scale applications of lignin nanoparticles. To overcome these problems, in this work, a novel green and simple approach was developed to produce super long‐term stable lignin nanoparticles (LTSL NPs). The LTSL NPs were prepared directly from black liquor via an acid precipitation method. The obtained LTSL NPs exhibited well uniformity, excellent dispersibility, controllable size, and super long‐term stability in aqueous media (no apparent size increase or any particle precipitation for 90 days in neutral water medium). Analyses of nuclear magnetic resonance and ion chromatography revealed that LTSL NPs exhibited higher S/G ratio and higher content of hemicellulose comparing with the lignin nanoparticles which obtained from traditional solvent exchange (ethanol/H2O) method. In addition, the size of the LTSL NPs can be well controlled by tuning the degree of acid precipitation (the final pH value). This work not only can promote the development of lignin‐based nanomaterials, but also provides a promising utilization pathway for black liquor that simultaneously achieves the fabrication of lignin materials and hemicellulose application.
Setting priorities for conservation at the interface between ocean circulation, connectivity, and population dynamics
Authors: Boschetti Fabio , Babcock Russell C. , Doropoulos Christopher , Thomson Damian P. , Feng Ming , Slawinski Dirk , Berry Oliver , Vanderklift Mathew A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPopulation persistence in the marine environment is driven by patterns of ocean circulation, larval dispersal, ecological interactions, and demographic rates. For habitat‐forming organisms in particular, understanding the relationship between larval connectivity and meta‐population dynamics aids in planning for marine spatial management. Here, we estimate networks of connectivity between fringing coral reefs in the northwest shelf of Australia by combining a particle tracking model based on shelf circulation with models of subpopulation dynamics of individual reefs. Coral cover data were used as a proxy for overall habitat quality, which can change as a result of natural processes, human‐driven impacts, and management initiatives. We obtain three major results of conservation significance. First, the dynamics of the ecological network result from the interplay between network connectivity and ecological processes on individual reefs. The maximum coral cover a zone can sustain imposes a significant nonlinearity on the role an individual reef plays within the dynamics of the network, and thus on the impact of conservation interventions on specific reefs. Second, the role of an individual reef within these network dynamics changes considerably depending on the overall state of the system: a reef's role in sustaining the system's state can be different from the same reef's role in helping the system recover following major disturbance. Third, patterns of network connectivity change significantly as a function of yearly shelf circulation trends, and nonlinearity in network dynamics make mean connectivity a poor representation of yearly variations. From a management perspective, the priority list of reefs that are targets for management interventions depends crucially on what type of stressors (system‐wide vs. localized) need addressing. This choice also depends not only on the ultimate purpose of management, but also on future oceanographic, climate change, and development scenarios that will determine the network connectivity and habitat quality.