bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular reconstruction and outcomes of 220 adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantations
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Artemyev A. I. , Sushkov A. I. , Kolyshev I. Yu. , Rudakov V. S. , Shabalin M. V. , Naydenov E. V. , Maltseva A. P. , Svetlakova D. S. 
Published: November 2018

Rationale: Adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation is a viable alternative to whole liver transplantation from a deceased donor. The key aspect of the surgical procedure is the restoration of adequate graft blood flow and maintenance of sufficient volume of well vascularized parenchyma in the donor. Specific features of vascular anatomy in the donor and the recipient can be eventual cause for significant technical difficulties during transplantation. They can also increase the risk of complications and deteriorate graft functioning.Aim: To identify the incidence of various types of afferent and efferent vascularization of right lobe of the liver, potential techniques of vascular reconstructive procedures, rates and types of postoperative complications, as well as immediate surgical results.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data on 220 right lobe liver transplantations adult patients, consecutively performed from 2010 to 2017 in one center. Specific characteristics of liver vascularization in donors and recipients were determined by pre-operative computed tomography and intra-operatively. The information on the types of vascular reconstruction, complications and results of surgical procedures was obtained from patients' medical files.Results: The following variants of blood supply to the right liver lobe were seen most frequently: portal vein trifurcation 22%, shortened trunk of the right portal vein branch 13%, supplementary v. hepatica from SgVIII with a diameter of > 5 mm 22%, supplementary lower right v. hepatica 17%, isolated venous outflow from all right lobe segments 2%, two arteries 2%. In addition, 17% of the recipients had portal vein thrombosis and 1% portal vein fibrosis. During the follow-up all donors remained alive. The rate of surgical complications was 12.5%, among them bile pocket or biloma 8.5%, intra-abdominal bleeding 2.5%, wound complications 1.5%. The rate of early post-operative complications in the recipients was 31.5%, with 4.5% of them being vascular and 15.5% biliary. The 6-months and 4-years survival of the recipients (Kaplan-Meier) was 98% and 95%, respectively.Conclusion: Immediate and longterm survival of the recipients of living donor right lobe live grafts, as well as absence of fatalities among their donors, confirm high effectiveness and expedience of this type of intervention. The observed anatomic variety of blood supply to the right liver lobe stipulates stringent requirements to the quality of preoperative diagnostics, deliberate donor selection, thorough planning of the procedure and high qualification of the surgical team. A relatively high rate of postoperative complications warrants the necessity of an intensive diagnostic monitoring in the early post-operative period and active strategies of their correction.
Simultaneous laparoscopic liver resection: a single-center experience
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Grebenkin E. N. , Chkhikvadze V. D. , Stanojević U. S. , Goncharov S. V. , Ragimov V. A. , Kolesnikov R. V. , Abramov A. A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: About 15 to 25% of colorectal cancer patients have synchronous liver metastasis at diagnosis. In the recent years, the strategy of simultaneous removal of colorectal cancer and liver metastases has been preferred. Development of minimally invasive technologies in abdominal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery allows for active advance to fully laparoscopic approach to these types of interventions.Aim: Comparative analysis of simultaneous and isolated laparoscopic liver resections performed in the Department of Surgery, Russian Research Center of Roentgenoradiology (Moscow).Materials and methods: We have analyzed intra- and postoperative results of 29 laparoscopic procedures for metastatic liver disease. Group 1 included 14 patients who had undergone simultaneous laparoscopic primary tumor resection and laparoscopic liver resection for metastatic disease. Group 2 included 15 patients who had undergone isolated laparoscopic liver resection for metastatic lesions.Results: Mean (± SD) blood loss in the simultaneous and isolated procedures groups was 469 ± 176 and 408 ± 124 mL, respectively (p = 0.2), whereas the duration of surgeries was 296 ± 107 and 204 ± 82 min, respectively (p = 0.01). Conversion rate in the isolated resection group was higher (26% vs. 14%). This difference is to be explained by the learning curve in laparoscopic liver surgery. All liver resections in both groups were carried out in R0 mode. No deaths and significant complications were seen in any of the groups.Conclusion: The study demonstrated feasibility and safety of simultaneous, fully laparoscopic liver resections, including those for difficult localization of primary tumors and metastatic lesions.
İzmir İli Arıcısının Arı Hastalık ve Zararlılarına Bakışı
Authors: TAKMA Çiğdem , KÖSOĞLU Mustafa , TOPAL Erkan , ÖZKIRIM Asli , ÖZSOY TAŞKIRAN Neslihan , KARACA Üzeyir 
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Bu anket çalışmasında; Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Arıcılık Şubesi’ni ziyaret eden İzmir İli arıcılarının arı hastalık ve zararlılarını arıcı gözüyle değerlendirme ve mücadele yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Metot: Anket çalışmaları 2017 yılında, İzmir İli’ndeki 94 arıcı ile yüz yüze yapılmıştır. Anket sorularında arıcıların, koloni sayısı, hastalık ve zararlılarla ilgili eğitim alıp almadıkları, karşılaştıkları arı hastalıkları ve arı zararlılarının neler olduğu, hangi ilaçlama yöntemlerini seçtikleri, arı ürünlerinde kalıntı problemlerini nasıl aşılacağı gibi birçok konuda görüşleri alınmıştır. Sonuçlar yüzde olarak belirtilmiş, cevaplar arası ilişkiler ki-kare testi ile ortaya konulmuştur.Bulgular: Çalışma bulgularına göre; Enstitüyü ziyaret eden İzmir arıcısının %77.7’sinin arıcılığı ek iş olarak yaptığı, %38’inin ilkokul mezunu, %62.8’inin 51 yaş ve üzeri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Arıcıların %42.6’sının 0-50 kovana sahip olduğu, %74.5’inin gezginci arıcılık yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Arıcıların kolonilerinde en sık karşılaştığı sorunun varroa zararlısı olduğu, %47.9’unun kimyasal mücadele yöntemi kullanarak varroaya karşı mücadele ettiği saptanmıştır. Kimyasal mücadelede en çok kullanılan etken madde amitraz olurken, organik mücadelede en çok formik ve oksalik asit kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Arıcıların arı hastalık ve zararlılarından karşılaştıkları en önemli sorunun varroa olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Arıcılar, arı ürünlerinde ilaç kalıntısı sorununun %43.5’inin organik ilaçlarla, %29.0’unun eğitimle ve %17.7’sinin ilaçların doğru kullanımı ile çözülebileceğini bildirmişlerdir.
Evidence-Based Pain Management: Building on the Foundations of Cochrane Systematic Reviews
Authors: Aldington Dominic , Eccleston Chris 
Published: November 2018

We discuss the history and current status of evidence-based medicine for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic pain as it has developed in the Cochrane Collaboration’s Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group. To date, the Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Review Group has published 277 reviews and a further 11 reviews of systematic reviews summarizing the evidence for interventions. The Cochrane Library has readily available high-quality summaries of evidence of pharmacological interventions especially for postsurgical pain but also for chronic musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain. The library covers all forms of intervention, not only pharmacological. The world of evidence-based medicine is changing: most historical trials have been entered into reviews, but the evidence is still not well disseminated and needs to be better translated into decision support. Evidence should be at the heart of policymaking. Much has been achieved in the past 21 years, but there are no grounds for complacency.
The Strengths and Weaknesses of Current US Policy to Address Pain
Authors: Gross Jacob , Gordon Debra B. 
Published: November 2018

Pain is a significant public health problem that needs policy at the national and local level to resolve incidents of insufficient, ineffective, and disparate pain treatment while limiting the risk of inadvertently increasing the use of treatment such as opioids that can result in public harm. The National Pain Strategy serves as the first comprehensive approach to address pain and provides a roadmap with substantial broad and specific policy implications. Although much has been accomplished to date, transitions in political power, available data and funding, and the current opioid epidemic continue to have an impact on implementation of the National Pain Strategy. A sustained, coordinated effort with multipronged policies in many forms on both federal and state levels via regulations, laws, and guidelines is warranted. However, research is needed to evaluate the impact and potential unintended consequences of increased legislation and regulation. Nevertheless, policy related to the management of pain may provide the path to new treatments and models of care to reduce the impact of pain as a public health crisis in this country.
Effect of Remediating Blighted Vacant Land on Shootings: A Citywide Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Moyer Ruth , MacDonald John M. , Ridgeway Greg , Branas Charles C. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To determine if remediating blighted vacant urban land reduced firearm shooting incidents resulting in injury or death. Methods. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in which we assigned 541 randomly selected vacant lots in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to 110 geographically contiguous clusters and randomly assigned these clusters to a greening intervention, a less-intensive mowing and trash cleanup intervention, or a no-intervention control condition. The random assignment to the trial occurred in April and June 2013 and lasted until March 2015. In a difference-in-differences analysis, we assessed whether the 2 treatment conditions relative to the control condition reduced firearm shootings around vacant lots. Results. During the trial, both the greening intervention, −6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −10.6%, −2.7%), and the mowing and trash cleanup intervention, −9.2% (95% CI = −13.2%, −4.8%), significantly reduced shootings. There was no evidence that the interventions displaced shootings into adjacent areas. Conclusions. Remediating vacant land with inexpensive, scalable methods, including greening or minimal mowing and trash cleanup, significantly reduced shootings that result in serious injury or death. Public Health Implications. Cities should experiment with place-based interventions to develop effective firearm violence–reduction strategies. Trial Registration. This trial was registered with the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (study ID ISRCTN92582209; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN92582209 ).
Quantifying the Adequacy of Opioid Analgesic Consumption Globally: An Updated Method and Early Findings
Authors: Scholten Willem K. , Christensen Ann-Eva , Olesen Anne Estrup , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr 
Published: November 2018

Opioid analgesics are the mainstay for treatment of moderate and severe pain but, in many countries, the consumption of these medicines is inadequate. Over time, various groups have published opioid analgesic metrics, including authors from the World Health Organization. They linked consumption to a level considered adequate based on the actual consumption in developed countries. In this study, we present our current results on the adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption. We included statistics for 18 controlled opioid medicines that are primarily used as analgesics, and we developed the Adequacy of Opioid Consumption (AOC) Index. The average of the 20 most developed countries for 2015 is set as equal to an AOC Index of 100. An AOC Index of 100 or higher is considered adequate consumption. The average opioid analgesic consumption of the top-20 countries of the Human Development Index increased from 84 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2000) to 256 morphine milligram equivalents per capita (2015). The extremes we found for 2015 were Germany (AOC Index: 304) and Nigeria (AOC Index: 0.0069). These extremes differ by 44 000 times. Adequacy of opioid analgesic consumption continues to be problematic around the world.
The Use of Distraction Osteogenesis and a Taylor Spatial Frame in the Treatment of a Tibial Shaft Nonunion and Deformity in a Pediatric Patient with Osteopetrosis
Authors: Catanzano Anthony A. , Fitch Robert D. 
Published: November 2018

Case:
Osteopetrosis is a heritable disease that causes brittle bones that are prone to fracture. Furthermore, these brittle bones have a poor healing response and a high risk of subsequent refracture. Many treatment strategies have been described for initial fracture stabilization; however, there is a paucity of literature describing treatment of refractures and subsequent deformity. We present the long-term results of a unique case in which we used a circular external fixator, the TAYLOR SPATIAL FRAME (Smith & Nephew), to correct a deformity in a patient with osteopetrosis who suffered multiple refractures of the tibia.

Conclusion:
We propose the potential use of distraction osteogenesis as an option for fracture and deformity treatment in patients with osteopetrosis.
Laboratory Investigation of Dynamic Strain Development in Sandstone and Carbonate Rocks Under Diametrical Compression Using Digital-Image Correlation
Authors: Nath Fatick , Salvati Peter E. , Mokhtari Mehdi , Seibi Abdennour , Hayatdavoudi Asadollah 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Understanding the mechanical behavior (compression, shear, or tension) of rocks plays an important role in wellbore-stability design and hydraulic-fracturing optimization. Among rock mechanical properties, strain is a critical parameter describing rock deformation under stress with respect to its original condition, yet conventional methods for strain measurement have several deficiencies. In this paper, we analyze the application of the optical method digital-image correlation (DIC) to provide detailed information regarding fracture patterns and dynamic strain development under Brazilian testing conditions. The effects of porosity, rock type, lamination, and saturation (freshwater and brine) on indirect tensile strength are also discussed.
To examine the effect of rock type, 60 samples of sandstone (Parker, Nugget, and Berea) and carbonate rocks (Winterset Limestone, Silurian Dolomite, Edwards Brown Carbonate, and Austin Chalk) were tested under dry and saturated conditions with regard to lamination angle in laminated samples. A photogrammetry system was used to monitor the samples in a noncontact manner while conducting the indirect tensile experiment. DIC depends on the photogrammetry system, which helps to visualize and examine rock-fracture patterns from the recorded images of the rock before and after deformation by assessing the strain development in samples.
The experimental results show the following.
Average tensile strength declines with increasing porosity for homogeneous, laminated, and heterogeneous rock specimens. Lower tensile strengths are observed in carbonate-rock samples compared with sandstones, except for Silurian Dolomite. Saturation reduces rock strength; for homogeneous samples, the highest strength decline (28%) was observed in Berea Sandstone, whereas the largest decrease (65%) for heterogeneous samples was observed in fully heterogeneous Edwards Brown Carbonate samples. Increase of lamination angle (from 0 to 90°) affects the tensile strength. Average tensile strength observed for the Parker and Nugget Sandstones was greater in the direction perpendicular to the lamination direction (θ = 90°) compared with that of the parallel direction (θ = 0°). Fracture patterns examined for homogeneous rocks are nearly centrally propagated and relatively linear. Three different fracture patterns (central fracture, layer activation, and noncentral or mixed mode) were investigated for laminated and heterogeneous samples. Finally, DIC results illustrated the fracture creation and propagation with consistent strain mapping. The homogeneous samples produced a uniform fracture strain until the diametrical split, where the laminated samples were influenced by planes of weakness and fully heterogeneous anisotropic rocks produced winding and erratic fractures.
Unconventional Gas-Dehydration-System Failure Resulting in a Gas-Hydrate Blockage
Authors: Sundramoorthy J. D. , Leknes M. J. , Moodley K.. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
In this paper, we present findings of how liquid-hydrocarbon carry-over from production separators could form solid contaminants that later became a root cause for an unexpected failure of the triethylene glycol (TEG) gas-dehydration unit to deliver dry export gas. This incident was later followed by an unanticipated capillary-aided gas-hydrate blockage inside the gas-export line during a planned-maintenance shutdown. After a detailed operational review before and after a gas-hydrate blockage incident, all sections of the TEG-dehydration tower unit were opened and inspected for (1) any presence of solid contamination and blockages and (2) an evaluation of the presence of potential equipment damage inside the dehydration unit. A compositional analysis with a gas-chromatography/flame-ionization detector (GC/FID), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was conducted on samples collected from the unit to understand its nature. Finally, using a customized gas-hydrate rocking-cell apparatus, gas-hydrate growth was observed under an 8°C subcooling temperature. From vessel inspection, it was found that a liquid-hydrocarbon carry-over results in the accumulation of high-chain hydrocarbon deposits (C19–C36) with some mineral scales inside the unit, even when filtration units are present. These deposits form when liquid carry-over passes through the reboiler unit, which gradually blocks the TEG-distribution spray nozzles, and reduces the efficiency of gas dehydration significantly. Later, with only 20.5% of the spray nozzles in working condition, the differential pressure (dP) across the distribution bar had exceeded its maximal operating limit, causing the distributor bar (VRGF) to split open along the weldment area. Hence, this resulted in total functional failure to continuously deliver dry gas and the formation of gas-hydrate blockage inside the gas-export pipeline. On the basis of the detailed operational review, field testing, compositional analysis, and hydrate-growth observations, the sequence of events that caused a catastrophic capillary-aided gas-hydrate blockage under a shut-in condition even in the presence of a hydrate-risk-management program is presented in this paper.
Daytime Surface Energy Fluxes over Soil Material Remediated Using Thermal Desorption
Authors: O’Brien Peter L. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Casey Francis X. M. , Daigh Aaron L.M. , Heitman Joshua L. , Derby Nathan E. , Khan Eakalak 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Surface energy balance was quantified with micro‐Bowen ratio instrumentation.
Surface energy balance was similar over native topsoil and soils treated with thermal desorption.
Thermal desorption did not alter soil temperature dynamics or evaporation.
A mix of topsoil and thermal desorption–treated soil matched surface energy balance of topsoil best.
Remediation efforts to reduce contaminant concentrations in soils often alter soil properties. Since these alterations can affect the capacity of soil to function, their extent and magnitude may dictate future land use. This study addresses the suitability of soils for agricultural production after remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons using ex situ thermal desorption by quantifying the daytime surface energy balance prior to the growing season. The energy balance was quantified using micro‐Bowen ratio instrumentation to compare non‐contaminated topsoil (A) to both subsoil materials treated by thermal desorption (TD) and a 1:1 mixture (v/v) of TD and A (TDA). Despite differences in soil characteristics, the net radiation, soil heat flux, latent heat flux, and sensible heat flux were each similar among the three reclamation conditions over a period of 18 d. The fluctuations in these fluxes between the three conditions were attributed to natural variability, and they were not large enough to induce apparent inconsistencies in soil temperature dynamics or evaporative losses. Overall, these findings suggest the surface energy balance in thermal desorption–treated soils is similar to that of the native topsoil and that using a mixture of treated soils with native topsoil may even be a better representation of pre‐disturbance conditions.
Crop Residue Management Challenges: A Special Issue Overview
Authors: Clay David E. , Alverson Ronald , Johnson Jane M.F. , Karlen Douglas L. , Clay Sharon , Wang Michael Q. , Bruggeman Stephanie , Westhoff Shaina 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Farmers struggle to maintain and balance economic and environmental sustainability.
Identification of knowledge gaps related to crop residue management.
Discussion of crop residue manage expanded from the U.S. Midwest to a global perspective.
Use of carbon flux tower data to validate simulation models.
Crop residue harvesting impacts soil health, productivity, and greenhouse gas emissions.
The amount of crop residues that can be sustainability removed is highly variable and is a function of many factors including the soil, climatic, and plant characteristics. For example, leaving an insufficient amount of crop residue on the soil surface can be detrimental for soil quality, result in loss of soil organic matter (SOM), and increase soil erosion, whereas leaving excessive amounts can impair soil‐seed contact, immobilize N, and/or keep soils cool and wet. This special issue evolved as an outcome of, “Crop Residues for Advanced Biofuels: Effects on Soil Carbon” workshop held in Sacramento, CA, in 2017. The goal of the special issue is to provide a forum for identifying knowledge gaps associated with crop residue management and to expand the discussion from a regional Midwestern U.S. to a global perspective. Several crop residue experiments as well as simulation modeling studies are included to examine effects of tillage, crop rotation, livestock grazing, and cover crops on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, crop yield, and soil or plant health. The special issue is divided into 4 sections that include (i) Estimating Crop Residue Removal and Modeling; (ii) Cultural Practice Impact on Soil Health; (iii) Residue Removal Impact on Soil and Plant Health; and (iv) Cultural Practice Impact on Carbon Storage and Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Nitrogen Management to Improve Nutritive Value of Endophyte‐Free Tall Fescue Grown on Claypan Soil
Authors: Sweeney Daniel W. , Farney Jaymelynn K. , Moyer Joseph L. 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Nitrogen management affected nutritive value of endophyte‐free tall fescue R4 and stubble hays.
Increases in crude protein of hays across N rates were maximized with late winter and knife application.
Fiber contents of R4 hay increased with N rate to 100 lb/acre when applied in late fall.
Fiber contents of stubble hay were greater with late‐fall N fertilization.