bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Comorbid States and Modified Risk Factors in Patients with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: В. І. Величко  , Я. І. Бажора  , Г. О. Данильчук  
Published: September 2019

The objective: to study the prevalence of comorbid conditions and modified risk factors in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).Materials and methods. A prospective clinical cohort study of 142 patients with BA was conducted. Patients underwent a comprehensive general clinical and instrumental study (history taking, routine physical examination, anthropometry, spirography) and the AST test. The diagnosis was established according to international agreement documents.Results. According to the results obtained, 78 (54.93%) people had low BA control (main group). Patients with controlled asthma – 64 (45.07%) constituted the comparison group. Overweight or obesity was more common (in 41.03% of cases in the main group versus 10.94% of cases in the comparison group) of concomitant diseases. In the second place among comorbid pathology, which aggravates asthma, hypertension was diagnosed. In the main group,in was diagnosed – in 47.43% of patients, in the group of comparison – in 34.38%. In addition, 104 (73.9%) patients had low adherence to basic therapy, and in 67.5% of cases there was no motivation for lifestyle changes. Disorders in the eating pattern were found in 124 (87.32%) patients. Conclusion. Concomitant diseases and modified risk factors aggravate the course of BA and change the response to therapy. Therefore, a personalized clinical approach to a patient with asthma and comorbid conditions and risk factors is always necessary to achieve control of asthma.
Management of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at the Stage of Primary Care: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
Authors: І. Ю. Головач  , Є. Д. Єгудіна  
Published: September 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which many systems and organs are affected, including skin, musculoskeletal system, renal, lungs, hematologic, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. Family physicians should be familiar with the manifestations of lupus to aid in early diagnosis, monitoring patients with mild disease, recognizing warning signs of exacerbation that require referral to a rheumatologist, and helping to monitor disease activity and treatment in patients with moderate to severe disease. The American College of Rheumatology offers 11 classification criteria for SLE diagnosis. If a patient meets at least four criteria, lupus can be diagnosed with 95% specificity and 85% sensitivity. All patients with SLE should receive information about the disease, regular counseling, and medical support. Hydroxychloroquine is the cornerstone of treatment, reducing the frequency of disease flares and other common symptoms. Low doses of glucocorticoids can be used to treat most manifestations of SLE. The use of immunosuppressants and cytotoxic agents depends on depends on the body systems affected. To optimize treatment, to improve chronic care, prevent and screen for the comorbidity presence, strong collaboration between a rheumatologist, a patient, and a family physician is important. In this review, we summarize practical recommendations for family physiacians and provide updated information regarding the early diagnosis and management of a patient with SLE, discuss the main associated diseases that complicate the course of the disease, and recommended preventive measures.
Burden of GB Carcinoma among people from Terai, and Hill/ Himalayan regions of Nepal
Authors: Sapkota Ganga , Mallik Dipendra Kumar , Sapkota Ashok , Dhakal Sunil , Mishra Roshan 
Published: September 2019

Background: GB carcinoma is rare cancer worldwide, but is sixth most common cancer among females in Nepal. Burden of GB carcinoma has geographical and ethnic variation. This study mainly focuses on geographical distribution of GB carcinoma, among Nepalese patients visiting BPKMCH.
Methods and materials: We conducted a retrospective study approved by Department of GI Surgery, BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Datas were collected from Jan 1,2107 to 31st Dec 2017 from medical record sections. Analysis was completed using SPSS.
Results: A total number of 340 patients were recorded, comprising 220 patients with malignancy and 115 patients with benign lesions, and remaining 5 patients files could not be traced. Among malignant patients 158 were female, and 62 were male, with male to female ratio (M: F) of 1:2.5. In malignant group, patients from terai were 70%, hilly and Himalayan region were 30%.
Conclusion: The data provides clue on burden of GB carcinoma being relatively high in female, and terai region of Nepal.
Pre-Emptive Analgesic Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol in Modified radical mastectomy
Authors: Wagle Bhawana , Regmi Yogesh , Shrestha Sudhir , Thapa Pradeep , VishowKarma Suraj , Mandal Meg Raj , Kandel Sujan , Singh Sumit , Mauni Deepak , Khanal Durga 
Published: September 2019

Background: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is associated with significant post-operative pain. Intravenous (iv) paracetamol provides pain relief in most patients who have undergone MRM. It has been observed from previous studies conducted on patients undergoing other surgeries like abdominal surgeries that the analgesic efficacy of iv paracetamol improves when used Pre-emptively. There are no studies done previously on use of iv paracetamol Pre-emptively in MRM.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the post-operative analgesic effects of Pre-emptive intravenous (iv) paracetamol in MRM.
Materials and Methods: Following institutional ethics committee approval, fourty American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I-II patients were assigned in a randomized manner into two groups: Group I received iv paracetamol 1g, in 100mL, 15 minutes before induction and Group II received iv paracetamol 1g, in 100 mL, at the end of the surgery. The time to first analgesic use and the total analgesic consumed in 24 hours was recorded. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained from all patients at 0, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the end of the Surgery.
Results: Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in Group I compared to Group II (p = 0.0329). Rescue analgesic consumption and post-operative VAS pain scores recorded were significantly lower in Group I compared to Group II (p < 0.05) until 24 after surgery.
Conclusion: Pre-emptive iv paracetamol in comparison to intra- operative paracetamol, provided effective and reliable post- operative analgesia after modified radical mastectomy.
Diagnostic value of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging with semiquantitative index (T/N) in Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Mallik Dipendra Kumar , Hong Wei Zhang , Zhu Wei , Wei Ge Yang , Shen Lei , Guang Fu Hu , Sapkota Ganga 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The study in this part was to evaluate the diagnostic value of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) by semi-quantitative method for detection of breast cancer.
Methods: 400 patients with indeterminate breast tumors that underwent BSGI were enrolled in this study. All included lesions were confirmed by postoperative pathology. BSGI evaluation was based on the visual interpretation and semi-quantitative parameters of the higher tumor to non-lesion (T/N) value of CC and MLO. Compared with pathological results, the optimal visual analysis and the value of T/N were calculated through ROC curve analysis. Independent t-test and Pearson linear correlation were applied for statistical analysis.
Results: Tumor to non-lesion (T/N) ratio was available for 279 out of 400 patients. This population comprised 203 patients with malignant and 74 patients with benign lesion. ROC analysis showed critical value of T/N= 1.91, AUC is 0.83 (standard error=0.014, 95% confidence interval); BSGI sensitivity is 83.71% and specificity is 76%. T/N ratio for invasive and non-invasive cancers are 2.70± 0.88, and 2.09±0.44 respectively; the difference between two have statistical significance (t=3.32, P=0.001). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) grade I, grade II, and grade III have T/N ratio of 2.33±0.94, 2.38±0.80, 2.89±0.89 respectively. The T/N differences between grade I and grade II have no statistical significance (t=0.12, P=0.89). The T/N differences between grade I and grade III have no statistical significance (t=1.56, P=0.12). The T/N differences between grade II and grade III have statistical significance (t=3.69, P<0.001). T/N value for tumor size <1cm and >1cm were 1.97±0.79 and 2.46±0.88 respectively; the difference between two have statistical significance (t=3.27, P=0.001).
Conclusion: The semi-quantitative index of T/N correlates with clinico-pathological characteristics of tumor like: size, grade, and invasiveness of breast cancer, and at certain level can be helpful to determine patient’s prognosis.
Comparative analysis between Liquid Based Cytology and Conventional Pap Smears at B P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Pun CB , Shrestha S , Bhatta RR , Pandey G , Uprety S , Bastakoti S , Bhattarai I , Zhigang Miao , Chenpeng Wu 
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective: Liquid based cytology was introduced at B P Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Nepal, on 29th November 2017. The objective of this study was to compare the results of conventional pap smears over six (6) months periods from 29th May 2017 to 28th November 2017 with the results of liquid based cytology smears over six (6) months periods from 29th November 2017 to 28th May 2018.
Methods: This is retrospective study. The results of conventional pap smears over 6 months and the results of liquid based cytology smears over 6 months periods were retrieved and analysed to give overall reporting profiles and compared between the two methods.
Results: The percentage of unsatisfactory smears fell 3.9% by conventional pap smears methods where as the percentage of unsatisfactory smears fell 1.2% by liquid based cytology smears. There was an increase in the number of smears reported as dyskaryosis of any grade by liquid based cytology methods.
Conclusion: The introduction of liquid based cytology led to improvements in unsatisfactory smear rates and also with significant pick up rates of dyskaryosis were maintained and improved.
Standards Practical Tools in Dealing with Climate Change
Authors: Dulbert T Biatna 
Published: September 2019

Drastic climate change is becoming an increasingly serious threat to the survival of living beings on this planet. Various effects have been caused by climate change such as rising temperatures, floods, rising sea level, the uncertain season and other radical changes. Other than forest destruction, as well as industry and transportation use fossil fuels contributed in exacerbating climate change. Indonesia, have adopted identical to the four Green House Gases (GHG) into the SNI via reprints. As a developing country and the condition of Indonesia's forests and peatland in the tropics, it is more easy going deforestation and degradation. Indonesia is concentrated to develop standards in deforestation field based decreased functions of tropical rain forests as carbon sinks are big enough, not to mention the peatland carbon stocks that have high potential around 36 Gton CO2 from 22 million hectares only. The development of ISO standards in measurements and calculations the Greenhouse Effect, Product Recycling, Promoting Environmental good, Energy Efficiency, Consumer Aware Environmental, very useful and contribute to tackle climate change significantly with the implementation of international standards. The most important thing now is how far the destruction of nature caused by human habits that are not environmentally friendly. Increasing understanding about the scale of change needed to tackle global warming, government, business and civil society should be able to perform the necessary steps and face the need to work in partnership to address such a change. In the long term the benefits of addressing climate change will far outweigh the impact costs . But in the short term, governments, business, and civil society will be more willing to bear those costs if they know their counterparts and competitors use standards, as a practical tool in dealing with climate change.
Ekstraksi Sederhana Antosianon dari Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Sudarmi Sri , Subagyo Purwo , Susanti Anna , Wahyuningsih Anggun Sri 
Published: September 2019

Natural dyes can be obtained from the pigments that contained from leaves, fruit, and rind of the plants. Dragon fruit peel is one of the potential natural pigment source. Almost 30-35% of the peel fruit is often simply thrown away as trash. Dragon fruit peel provides natural red color produced by pigment called anthocyanin which can be used as a subtituent from synthetic dyes to natural dyes. This research was objected to find the optimum conditions for anthocyanin extraction of dragon fruit peel. Simple extraction was carried out by using 80% ethanol solvent with variable ratio of the amount of material and solvent (1: 9 to 1:13), temperature (50◦ to 80◦ C) and time (1 to 5 hours). Optimum result was obtained from a ratio F: S 1:11, temperature 50◦C, for 3 hours.
The Effect of Ratio of Formaldehyde/Urea (F/U) using Catalyst of NaOH and NH4OH against Production of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin in Laboratory-Scale
Authors: Syaichurrozi Iqbal 
Published: September 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the ratio of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) and catalysts against the formation of urea-formaldehyde resin. The F/U was varied in 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3. The catalysts used were NaOH and NH4OH. The results showed that density of urea-formaldehyde resin at F/U of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 was 1360, 1370, 1360, 1330 kg/m3 in using catalyst of NaOH and1370, 1370, 1350, 1350 kg/m3 in using catalyst of NH4OH. Meanwhile, the absolute viscosity of urea-formaldehyde resin at F/U of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 was 0.007347672; 0.007723512; 0.007347672; 0.006873174kg/m.s in using catalyst of NaOH dan 0.00879; 0.00827; 0.00813; 0.00643 kg/m.s in using catalyst of menggunakan NH4OH. Resin formed (%)at F/U of 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 was 25.92; 30.19; 28.85; 25 % in using catayst of NH4OH dan 10.71; 11.6; 9.45; 14.28 % in using catalyst of NaOH.
Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Sample of Egyptian Patients
Authors: Amany Ragab Youssef  , Mohamed El-Dosoky  , Mohamed El-Shafey  , Sally Abed  
Published: September 2019

Background. There are insufficient data on the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM), and various components of metabolic syndrome among Egyptian patients. The aim of the present study was to study the association of different SNPs of VDR genes BsmI, ApaI, TaqI and FokI and components of metabolic syndrome and type 2 DM among cohort of Egyptian patients. Methods. The study is a case-control study. Patients included in the study were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 78 patients with type 2 DM; group 2 included 72 patients with metabolic syndrome and one hundred age-matched healthy subjects were served as control group. Full biochemical study and serum 25 hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) were done. Purified DNA was subjected to study with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for genotyping of SNPs of VDR gene. Data were presented as mean and standard deviation, and were analysed as appropriate by using the one-way ANOVA or paired t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to correlate between variables. Results. Study of VDR genetic polymorphism had shown significant increase in the prevalence of Ff genotypes among diabetic patients and patients with manifestations of metabolic syndrome. There was significant negative correlation between 25(OH)D and total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion. The genetic polymorphism of VDR might play a role in the pathophysiology of type 2 DM and metabolic syndrome., however, more longitudinal studies are still required to support these finding.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja tentang Kesehatan Reproduksi dengan Perilaku Seks Bebas di SMK PGRI I Mejayan
Authors: Kusparlina Eny Pemilu 
Published: September 2019

Abortion rates in Indonesia are estimated at 2.3 million per year, around 750,000 of them are carried out by teenagers. The results of the study on the sexual behavior of adolescents in ten public and private high schools in Madiun District in 2012 of 1,250 people (611 male subjects and 639 female subjects) found that 30% of men dating had had sexual relations, while for women as much as 5%. It can be said that every 3 boys are dating, one of them has had sexual relations and they on average start doing it in second and third grade. From the preliminary study conducted, The researcher obtained information from the student affairs department that in 2012-2018 there were 2 students pregnant and forced to be expelled from school.
This study purpose to determine the relationship between adolescent knowledge about reproductive health and free sex behavior at SMK PGRI I Mejayan.
This study used an observational analytic design with a cross sectional design. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling with a sample size of 68 students. Analyze the data using the Kendall Tau correlation test (τ).
The results of the study were 48 students (70.6%) had good knowledge about reproductive health and 51 students (75.0%) had good behavior in the association of free sex. From the results of data analysis with Kendall Tau obtained Zcount (9,96)> Ztable (1,96).
The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between adolescent knowledge about reproductive health with free sex.
MUTU PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS PIYUNGAN BANTUL TAHUN 2018
Authors: Sari Chanif Kurnia , Putri Maristha Monicha 
Published: September 2019

Background : Health center are health service facilities that are required to provide quality, affordable, fair and equitable health services. Based on the overall outpatient waiting time of the Piyungan Bantul Public Health Center in Yogyakarta both from the registration stage, to the examination stage and the waiting stage of the drug each patient takes a long waiting time of more than one hour. The complaint mainly originated from general poly patients, because the number of patients in the general poly was classified as the most daily compared to other poly.
Methods : this type of research is quantitative descriptive using a cross sectional study design. The study population was 4767 patients on average month with a sample of 98 patients using the slovin formula.
Results : from the results of testing using the T test individually obtained the effect of tangible on patient satisfaction 0,099 < 0,05. The influence of reliability on patient satisfaction 0,000 < 0,05. The effect of responsiveness on patient satisfaction was 0,004 < 0,05. The effect of assurance on patient satisfaction 0,001 < 0,05. The influence of emphaty on patient satisfaction 0,004 < 0,05. From the test together, the results of the influence of service quality on patient satisfaction at Public Health Center Piyungan Bantul Yogyakarta 0.000 < 0,05.
Conclusion : there is an influence of service quality (tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, emphaty) on outpatient satisfaction at Public Health Center Piyungan Bantul Yogyakarta.
Keywods : Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Emphaty.
Analisis Biodigester pada Proses Sintesis Biogas dari Sampah Organik Kota Tegal
Authors: Setiyono Joko 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan analisis biodigester pada proses sintesis biogas dari sampah organik kota tegal.Jenis digester yang digunakan untuk pembuatan biogas adalah jenis kubah tetap dari drum plastik dengan volume 120 liter.Komposisi sampah yang digunakan adalah substrat sayuran 50%, daun-daunan 20%, dan kulit buah 30%. Sampah organikdengan massa sebanyak ± 20 kg dipemerasan/ dipress. Kemudian sampah dan air dicampur dengan perbandingan 1:3. laludiberikan penambahan starter EM-4 sebanyak 450 ml pada setiap sampel pengujian. Variasi kadar air dalam sampah 10, 20,30, 40, dan 50% dengan kompisisi sampah yang sama. Proses pembusukan sampah dan pengambilan data dilakukan selama 3hari untuk masing-masing variasi kadar air sampah. Dari hasil pengukuran, kondisi optimum terdapat pada kadar air sampah 20% dalam memproduksi biogas dalam waktu retensi 25 jam pada tekanan 102,55 kPa, suhu 32ºC. dengan volume 95,441liter. Kata kunci: sampah organik, biodigester, kadar air sampah, biogasAbstract: In this research, biodigester analysis on biogas synthesis process of organic waste has performed at Tegal city. Thedigester type which was used for the manufacture of biogas is a fixed dome of plastic drum material with volume of 120 liters.Waste composition which was used as vegetable substrate of 50%, leaf of 20% , and fruit husk of 30%. Organic waste withmass of ± 20 kg was forged / pressed. The organic waste and water than were mixed with the comparison of 1: 3. While, Theaddition of EM-4 starter is amount 450 ml in each test sample. The variation of water content in waste is 10, 20, 30, 40, and50% with the same waste composition. The process of waste decomposition and data retrieval were carried out for 3 days foreach variation of waste water content. From the measurement result, the optimum condition is reached at 20% waste water °content with 25 hours retention at pressure of 102,55 kPa, temperature of 32C and volume of 95,441 liter.Keywords: organic waste, biodigester, wastewater levels, biogas
Efek Penambahan Fe3Mn7 Terhadap Sifat Fisis dan Mekanik α-Fe2O3
Authors: Setiadi Eko Arief 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Preparasi dan karakterisasi pellet α-Fe2O3 dengan penambahan 0, 2, 5 dan 10 %wt. Fe3Mn7 berbasis pada materialalam telah berhasil dilakukan. Proses pencampuran serbuk α-Fe2O3 dan Fe3Mn7 dilakukan dengan menggunakan HEM. ºKemudian campuran serbuk dikasinasi pada suhu 1000C, dikompaksi pada 69 Pa hingga menjadi pellet dan disinter padasuhu 1000 ºC. Karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan adanya fasa dominan α-Fe2O3 dan fasa baru MnO2 dan Fe3O4. Densitas dankekerasan sampel meningkat secara linier seiring dengan kenaikan komposisi Fe3Mn7 yang ditambahkan. Sampel optimum3diperoleh pada sampel α-Fe2O3/10 %wt. Fe3Mn7 dengan nilai bulk density dan kekerasan masing-masing 4,98 g/cm and994,94 HV. Sampel ini termasuk dalam klasifikasi hard magnet dengan nilai magnetisasi saturasi, remanen dan koersivitasmasing-masing sebesar 24,0 emu/g, 10,3 emu/g dan 571,8 Oe.Kata kunci:. α-Fe2O3, Fe3Mn7, densitas, kekerasan, sifat magnetikAbstract: Preparation and characterization of α-Fe2O3 pellet with the addition of 0, 2, 5 and 10 %wt. Fe3Mn7 based on naturalmaterials have been successfully carried out. The process of mixing powder of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3Mn7 was performed usingºHEM. Then, the mix powders were calcined at temperature of 1000 C. After that, the powders were compacted at 69 Pa intopellet and sintered at temperature of 1000ºC. Characterization of XRD shows that the samples have major phase of α-Fe2O3and new phases of MnO2 and Fe3O4. The density and hardness samples increase linearly with increasing of Fe3Mn73composition. The optimum sample with α-Fe2O3/10 %wt. Fe3Mn7 has bulk density and hardness value of 4.98 g/cm and 994.94HV respectively. This sample is classified as semi-hard magnet with magnetization saturation, remanence and coercivity valueof 24.0 emu/g, 10.3 emu/g dan 571.8 Oe respectively.Keywords: α-Fe2O3, Fe3Mn7, density, hardness, magnetic properties