bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From acute to persistent low back pain: a longitudinal investigation of somatosensory changes using quantitative sensory testing—an exploratory study
Authors: Marcuzzi Anna , Wrigley Paul J. , Dean Catherine M. , Graham Petra L. , Hush Julia M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Chronic low back pain (LBP) is commonly associated with generalised pain hypersensitivity. It is suggested that such somatosensory alterations are important determinants for the transition to persistent pain from an acute episode of LBP. Although cross-sectional research investigating somatosensory function in the acute stage is developing, no longitudinal studies designed to evaluate temporal changes have been published.

Objectives:
This exploratory study aimed to investigate the temporal development of somatosensory changes from the acute stage of LBP to up to 4 months from onset.

Methods:
Twenty-five people with acute LBP (<3 weeks' duration) and 48 pain-free controls were prospectively assessed at baseline using quantitative sensory testing with the assessor blinded to group allocation, and again at 2 and 4 months. Psychological variables were concurrently assessed. People with acute LBP were classified based on their average pain severity over the previous week at 4 months as recovered (≤1/10 numeric rating scale) or persistent (≥2/10 numeric rating scale) LBP.

Results:
In the persistent LBP group, (1) there was a significant decrease in pressure pain threshold between 2 and 4 months (P < 0.013), and at 4 months, pressure pain threshold was significantly different from the recovered LBP group (P < 0.001); (2) a trend towards increased temporal summation was found at 2 months and 4 months, at which point it exceeded 2 SDs beyond the pain-free control reference value. Pain-related psychological variables were significantly higher in those with persistent LBP compared with the recovered LBP group at all time points (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Changes in mechanical pain sensitivity occurring in the subacute stage warrant further longitudinal evaluation to better understand the role of somatosensory changes in the development of persistent LBP. Pain-related cognitions at baseline distinguished persistent from the recovered LBP groups, emphasizing the importance of concurrent evaluation of psychological contributors in acute LBP.
Supporting Our Team Through Creating Awareness
Authors: Kasales Claudia , Wall Darci , Harer Nora , Goss Sheryl 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries have been and remain a significant issue for sonographers. Despite its importance, the topic of musculoskeletal injury in sonographers has received little attention in the radiology literature. Our goal is to bring this extremely important issue to the forefront, with the hope of initiating conversations and actions leading to improved workplace practices for sonographers.
Serous Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Hwang Hyeonseung , Yu Jeong-Sik , Cho Eun-Suk , Kim Joo Hee , Chung Jae-Joon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Our purpose was to assess the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) of the pancreas in determining the surgical removal compared with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features. For 33 consecutive patients with 34 surgically confirmed SCNs over the past 11 years, preoperative EUS features were compared with those of CT and MRI (CT&MRI). Besides the lesion size and location, a retrospective analysis of the various imaging features was performed by 2 observers to understand the characteristics that determine the need for surgical intervention in terms of multiplicity of locules, calcification, mural thickening, mural nodules, ductal communication, and main pancreatic duct dilatation in addition to the gross morphologic type: microcystic, macrocystic (>1 cm), mixed, or solid. The most common gross morphologic type was mixed lesions, which consisted of microcystic and macrocystic components (15/34; 44%), followed by microcystic (38%), macrocystic (15%), and solid (3%) lesions. A minority (5/34; 18%) of the lesions showed main pancreatic duct dilatation (upstream, n = 3; downstream, n = 0; diffuse, n = 2). Mural nodules or solid components were more frequently noted in EUS (67%) than in CT&MRI (25%; P = 0.001), whereas other findings showed no remarkable difference between EUS and CT&MRI (P > 0.05). In determining the surgical treatment of multiloculated cystic lesions, interpretation of EUS features for the presence of solid component or mural nodules should be more carefully determined, especially in the patients with suggestive features of SCN on CT or MRI to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Stability of combustion waves in a simplified gas–solid combustion model in porous media
Authors: Ozbag Fatih , Schecter Stephen 
Published: March 2018

We study the stability of the combustion waves that occur in a simplified model for injection of air into a porous medium that initially contains some solid fuel. We determine the essential spectrum of the linearized system at a travelling wave. For certain waves, we are able to use a weight function to stabilize the essential spectrum. We perform a numerical computation of the Evans function to show that some of these waves have no unstable discrete spectrum. The system is partly parabolic, so the linearized operator is not sectorial, and the weight function decays at one end. We use an extension of a recent result about partly parabolic systems that are stabilized by such weight functions to show nonlinear stability.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics’.
Periodic waves of the Lugiato–Lefever equation at the onset of Turing instability
Authors: Delcey Lucie , Haragus Mariana 
Published: March 2018

We study the existence and the stability of periodic steady waves for a nonlinear model, the Lugiato–Lefever equation, arising in optics. Starting from a detailed description of the stability properties of constant solutions, we then focus on the periodic steady waves which bifurcate at the onset of Turing instability. Using a centre manifold reduction, we analyse these Turing bifurcations, and prove the existence of periodic steady waves. This approach also allows us to conclude on the nonlinear orbital stability of these waves for co-periodic perturbations, i.e. for periodic perturbations which have the same period as the wave. This stability result is completed by a spectral stability result for general bounded perturbations. In particular, this spectral analysis shows that instabilities are always due to co-periodic perturbations.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Stability of nonlinear waves and patterns and related topics’.
Selective activation of alternative MYC core promoters by Wnt-responsive enhancers
Authors: Bardales Jorge A. , Wieser Evin , Kawaji Hideya , Murakawa Yasuhiro , Darzacq Xavier 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn Metazoans, transcription of most genes is driven through the use of multiple alternative promoters. Although the precise spatio-temporal regulation of alternative promoters is important for proper gene expression, the mechanism that mediates their differential utilization remains unclear. Here, we investigate how the two alternative promoters (P1, P2) that drive MYC expression are regulated. We find that P1 and P2 can be differentially regulated across cell-types, and that their selective usage is largely mediated by distal regulatory sequences. Moreover, we show that in the colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116, Wnt-responsive enhancers preferentially upregulate transcription from the P1 promoter using both transgenic reporter assays and in the context of the endogenous Myc locus upon Wnt induction. In addition, multiple enhancer deletions using CRISPR/Cas9 corroborate the regulatory specificity of P1. Finally, we show that preferential activation between Wnt-responsive enhancers and the P1 promoter is influenced by distinct core promoter elements present in the two MYC promoters. Taken together, our results provide new insights into how enhancers can specifically target alternative promoters and suggest that formation of these selective interactions could allow more diverse combinatorial regulation of transcription initiation.
Scalable approximate Bayesian inference for particle tracking data
Authors: Sun Ruoxi , Paninski Liam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany important datasets in physics, chemistry, and biology consist of noisy sequences of images of multiple moving overlapping particles. In many cases, the observed particles are indistinguishable, leading to unavoidable uncertainty about nearby particles’ identities. Exact Bayesian inference is intractable in this setting, and previous approximate Bayesian methods scale poorly. Non-Bayesian approaches that output a single “best” estimate of the particle tracks (thus discarding important uncertainty information) are therefore dominant in practice. Here we propose a flexible and scalable amortized approach for Bayesian inference on this task. We introduce a novel neural network method to approximate the (intractable) filter-backward-sample-forward algorithm for Bayesian inference in this setting. By varying the simulated training data for the network, we can perform inference on a wide variety of data types. This approach is therefore highly flexible and improves on the state of the art in terms of accuracy; provides uncertainty estimates about the particle locations and identities; and has a test run-time that scales linearly as a function of the data length and number of particles, thus enabling Bayesian inference in arbitrarily large particle tracking datasets.
ALDH1-positive intratumoral stromal cells indicate epithelial differentiation and good prognosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Nastały Paulina , Filipska Martyna , Morrissey Colm , Eltze Elke , Semjonow Axel , Brandt Burkhard , Pantel Klaus , Bednarz-Knoll Natalia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) characterizes tumor-initiating cells in solid tumors, however little is known about its expression in intratumoral stromal cells. Herein, we aimed to dissect its potential dual relevance in prostate cancer (PCa).ALDH1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in tumor and stromal cells in primary PCa and metastasis. It was correlated with clinico-pathological parameters, outcome of patients, and selected protein expression (CK5/6, CK14, CK8/18, CK19, EpCAM, Ki-67, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin).ALDH1 protein was detected in tumor and stromal cells in 16% and 67% of 348 primary PCa, respectively. Tumor cell ALDH1 expression was associated with advanced tumor (T) status (p=0.009), higher Gleason score (p=0.016), shorter time to biochemical recurrence (BR) (p=0.010) and CK14 expression (p=0.023). Stromal cell ALDH1 expression correlated with lower T status (p=0.008), N0 status (p=0.017), lower Gleason score (p=0.016) and longer time to BR (p=0.017). In the subgroup of d’Amico high-risk patients it occurred even to be an independent predictor of good prognosis (multivariate analysis, p=0.050). ALDH1 was found in stroma of tumors characterized by CK8/18 (p=0.033) or EpCAM expression (p<0.001) and rarely by epithelial-mesenchymal transition defined as CK8/18(-)vimentin(+) phenotype (p=0.003). ALDH1 was detected in tumor cells and stroma of 33% and 41% of hormone naive lymph node metastases (n=63), 52% and 24% of castration resistant bone metastases, as well as 89% and 28% of castration resistant visceral metastases (n=21), respectively.We have determined that contrary to tumor cell ALDH1, the presence of stromal ALDH1 is associated with a more differentiated tumor epithelial phenotype in primary PCa, improved clinical outcome, and is less frequent in PCa metastases.AbbreviationsALDH1aldehyde dehydrogenase 1BRbiochemical recurrenceCKcytokeratinCRPCcastration resistant prostate cancerCSCcancer stem cellFFPEformalin fixed paraffin embedded tissueIHCimmunohistochemistryLNMlymph node metastasisOSoverall survivalPSAprostate specific antigenPTprimary tumorREMARKREporting recommendations for tumour MARKer prognostic studiesTMAtissue microarray
HIV-1 Nefs are cargo-sensitive AP-1 trimerization switches in tetherin and MHC-I downregulation
Authors: Morris Kyle L. , Buffalo Cosmo Z. , Stürzel Christina M. , Heusinger Elena , Kirchhoff Frank , Ren Xuefeng , Hurley James H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe HIV accessory protein Nef counteracts immune defenses by subverting coated vesicle pathways. The 3.7 Å cryo-EM structure of a closed trimer of the clathrin adaptor AP-1, the small GTPase Arf1, HIV-1 Nef, and the cytosolic tail of the restriction factor tetherin suggested a mechanism for inactivating tetherin by Golgi retention. The 4.3 Å structure of a mutant Nef-induced dimer of AP-1 showed how the closed trimer is regulated by the dileucine loop of Nef. HDX-MS and mutational analysis were used to show how cargo dynamics leads to alternative Arf1 trimerization, directing Nef targets to be either retained at the trans-Golgi or sorted to lysosomes. Phosphorylation of the NL4-3 M-Nef was shown to regulate AP-1 trimerization, explaining how O-Nefs lacking this phosphosite counteract tetherin but most M-Nefs do not. These observations show how the higher-order organization of a vesicular coat can be allosterically modulated to direct cargoes to distinct fates.
A reproductive arrest program triggered by defects in Piwi and germ granules
Authors: Spichal Maya , Heestand Bree , Billmyre Katherine Kretovich , Frenk Stephen , Ahmed Shawn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn several species, Piwi/piRNA genome silencing defects lead to immediate sterility accompanied by heterochromatin dysfunction and transposon-induced genomic instability, which may cause Piwi mutant sterility. InC. elegans,Piwi pathway mutants transmit a heritable stress through germ cells that induces sterility after growth for several generations. We found that sterile Piwi pathway mutant germ cells displayed inconsistent increases in DNA damage but consistently altered perinuclear germ granules that are known to promote fertility. Germ granule dysfunction did not elicit transposon expression but was sufficient to induce multiple phenotypes found in sterile Piwi silencing mutants, including germline atrophy and regrowth. Furthermore, loss of the germ granule component PGL-1 accelerated sterility in response to deficiency forprg-1/Piwi. Restoration of germ granule function to sterilepgl-1mutants restored their fertility. Together, our results suggest that germ granule defects may promote an adult reproductive arrest phenotype that is responsible for Piwi/piRNA mutant sterility.
The symbiotic complex of Dendroctonus simplex: implications in the beetle attack and its life cycle
Authors: Durand Audrey-Anne , Constant Philippe , Déziel Eric , Guertin Claude 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe eastern larch beetle (Dendroctonus simplex Le Conte) is recognized as a serious destructive forest pest in the upper part of North America. Under epidemic conditions, this beetle can attack healthy trees, causing severe damages to larch stands. Dendroctonus species are considered as holobionts, as they engage in multipartite interactions with microorganisms, such as bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeasts, which are implicated in physiological processes of the insect, such as nutrition. They also play a key role in the beetle’s attack, as they are responsible for the detoxification of the subcortical environment and weaken the tree’s defense mechanisms. The eastern larch beetle is associated with bacteria and fungi, but their implication in the success of the beetle remains unknown. Here, we investigated the bacterial and fungal microbiota of this beetle pest throughout its ontogeny (pioneer adults, larvae and pupae) by high-throughput sequencing. A successional microbial assemblage was identified throughout the beetle developmental stages, reflecting the beetle’s requirements. These results indicate that a symbiotic association between the eastern larch beetle and some of these microorganisms takes place and that this D. simplex symbiotic complex is helping the insect to colonize its host tree and survive the conditions encountered.
Chaos Game Representation: An Alignment-Free Technique for Exploring Evolutionary Relationships of Protein Sequences
Authors: Bhoumik Priyasma , Hughes Austin L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChaos Game Representation (CGR) is an iterative mapping technique, which shows patterns in amino acids or nucleotide sequences. Here we present a method for using CGR to explore evolutionary relationships of protein sequences based on amino acid properties and illustrate the approach with complete sets of protein translations from viral genomes. In an analysis of complete polyprotein sequences from the viral family Flaviviridae, the CGR method was able to cluster members of major viral groups together, but relations within groups were not well resolved in comparison to an alignment-based phylogeny. We applied the method to members of five different families of ssRNA positive-strand viruses, and each family formed a distinct cluster. We also present a method of testing the reliability of clustering in CGR-based trees, which involves the use of multiple random starting points for the CGR process.
Mitochondria-derived vesicles deliver antimicrobial payload to control phagosomal bacteria
Authors: Abuaita Basel H. , Schultz Tracey L. , O’Riordan Mary X. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPathogenic bacteria taken up into the macrophage phagosome are the target of many anti-microbial effector molecules. Although mitochondria-derived antimicrobial effectors such as reactive oxygen species (mROS) are reported to aid in bacterial killing, it is unclear how these effectors reach bacteria within the phagosomal lumen. To examine the crosstalk between mitochondria and phagosomes, we monitored the production and the spatial localization of mROS during methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection. We showed here mROS, specifically hydrogen peroxide (mH2O2) can be delivered into phagosomes via infection-induced mitochondria-derived vesicles, which are generated in a Parkin-dependent manner. Accumulation of mH2O2in phagosomes required TLR signaling and the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, Sod2, which converts superoxide into mH2O2. These data highlight a novel mechanism by which the mitochondrial redox capacity enhances macrophage antimicrobial function by delivering mitochondria-derived effector molecules into bacteria-containing phagosomes.
The flipped university: exploring student progression in football coaching and development
Authors: Griffiths Robert , Probert Jay , Cropley Brendan 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of a foundation degree programme, delivered via a flipped university approach, on student learning, development and employability in the sector of football coaching and development.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed-method design was adopted, whereby current (n=106) and graduate (n=41) students from the programme completed an online course evaluation questionnaire and then follow-up interviews were conducted with 12 of the initial sample to explore the impact of the programme in more detail.

Findings
Participants reported significant benefits of the flipped university approach on their career development, improvement in their inter- and intra-personal skills (e.g. communication, reflection, confidence) and the acquisition of industry relevant knowledge. Recommendations include a greater provision of tailored study support for individuals and broadening the coaching portfolio of students to help address the diversification in Football Community Trust remits.

Research limitations/implications
This study has indicated that new approaches to student learning and development are better suited to preparing young people for the industry in which they seek to gain employment post-education. Sampling a wider range of student perspectives qualitatively would have provided a more thorough insight into their experiences. However, this provides an avenue for future research that seeks to explore the mechanisms through which such approaches to learning facilitate development.

Originality/value
The novel flipped university concept is one that should be considered as a way of better educating and preparing students for employment in the sports industry. It is an approach that could be explored by a wide range of sectors as an alternative to both campus-based higher education and degree apprenticeships.
Sports university education and entrepreneurial intentions
Authors: González-Serrano María Huertas , Valantine Irena , Hervás Josep Crespo , Pérez-Campos Carlos , Moreno Ferran Calabuig 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to understand how the nationality and the sport education system could affect the entrepreneurial intentions (EI) of undergraduate sport science students in two different countries.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 249 undergraduate sport sciences (SS) students from Spain and Lithuania were analysed. The EI questioner questionnaire by Liñán and Chen (2009) was used to compile the data during the 2016-2017 academic year.

Findings
There are significant differences between the sport science students of Spain and Lithuania. The Lithuanian students have significantly higher means in the variables of EI, perceived behaviour control and professional attraction. Moreover, the variables that predict EI are different, and certain path coefficients of the variables are also significantly different.

Research limitations/implications
The sample originates from one university in each country; therefore, these results may not be generalisable to the entire population.

Practical implications
The SS degrees in Lithuania and Spain should follow different educational policies with the objective of fostering EI and increasing the number of entrepreneurs.

Social implications
Creating adequate educational policies to foster entrepreneurship in sports across countries could improve the number of entrepreneurs in the sports sectors; thus, the youth unemployment rate will decrease.

Originality/value
There has been no previous research that analyses the EI of sport science students across contexts through the theory of planned behaviour. Moreover, there are no studies that compare the EI of university students between Spain (Western Europe) and Lithuania (Eastern Europe).
Slack resources and quality performance: case of a mega health care organization
Authors: Ng Artie , Wang Wai Ming 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Prior studies have examined the relationship between budgetary slack and short-termism of management within a profit-seeking business environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamics of slack resources in relation to quality performance of heath care services delivered by a publicly funded organization.

Design/methodology/approach
A longitudinal regression analysis of resource utilization, productivity and the quality of health care services delivered is performed to reveal evidence about the underlying dynamics of heterogeneous slack resources. It attempts to study slack resources in the case of a “mega” health care service provider based in Hong Kong.

Findings
The results suggest that the organization’s cost containment culture, with a strategic focus on productivity measures, has augmented cost effectiveness; however, not all slack resources would enhance quality performance.

Originality/value
This study of a mega health care service provider complements the prior studies of slack resources and points out the challenges of proactively managing any slack resources toward quality performance beyond productivity.