bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO with the CRDS technique at the Izaña Global GAW station: instrumental tests, developments, and first measurement results
Authors: Gomez-Pelaez Angel J. , Ramos Ramon , Cuevas Emilio , Gomez-Trueba Vanessa , Reyes Enrique 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. At the end of
2015, a CO2/CH4/CO cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) was
installed at the Izaña Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station (Tenerife,
Spain) to improve the Izaña Greenhouse Gases GAW Measurement Programme,
and to guarantee the renewal of the instrumentation and the long-term
maintenance of this program. We present the results of the CRDS
acceptance tests, the raw data processing scheme applied, and the response
functions used. Also, the calibration results, the implemented water vapor
correction, the target gas injection statistics, the ambient measurements
performed from December 2015 to July 2017, and their comparison with other
continuous in situ measurements are described. The agreement with other in
situ continuous measurements is good most of the time for CO2 and
CH4, but for CO it is just outside the GAW 2 ppb objective. It seems
the disagreement is not produced by significant drifts in the CRDS CO World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) tertiary standards. The more relevant
contributions of the present article are (1) determination of linear
relationships between flow rate, CRDS inlet pressure, and CRDS outlet valve
aperture; (2) determination of a slight CO2 correction that takes
into account changes in the inlet pressure/flow rate (as well as its
stability over the years), and attributing it to the existence of a small
spatial inhomogeneity in the pressure field inside the CRDS cavity due to the
gas dynamics; (3) drift rate determination for the pressure and temperature
sensors located inside the CRDS cavity from the CO2 and CH4
response function drift trends; (4) the determination of the H2O
correction for CO has been performed using raw spectral peak data instead of
the raw CO provided by the CRDS and using a running mean to smooth random
noise in a long water-droplet test (12 h) before performing the least square
fit; and (5) the existence of a small H2O dependence in the CRDS flow
and of a small spatial inhomogeneity in the temperature field inside the CRDS
cavity are pointed out and their origin discussed.
Ionian Abyssal Plain: a window into the Tethys oceanic lithosphere
Authors: Dannowski Anke , Kopp Heidrun , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Klaeschen Dirk , Gutscher Marc-André , Krabbenhoeft Anne , Dellong David , Rovere Marzia , Graindorge David , Papenberg Cord , Klaucke Ingo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The nature of the Ionian Sea crust has been the subject
of scientific debate for more than 30 years, mainly because seismic imaging
of the deep crust and upper mantle of the Ionian Abyssal Plain (IAP) has not
been conclusive to date. The IAP is sandwiched between the Calabrian and
Hellenic subduction zones in the central Mediterranean. A NNE–SSW-oriented
131 km long seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection profile, consisting
of eight ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones, was acquired in 2014.
The profile was designed to univocally confirm the proposed oceanic nature
of the IAP crust as a remnant of the Tethys and to confute its
interpretation as a strongly thinned part of the African continental crust.
A P-wave velocity model developed from travel-time forward modelling is
refined by gravimetric data and synthetic modelling of the seismic data. A
roughly 6–7 km thick crust with velocities ranging from 5.1 to 7.2 km s−1, top to bottom, can be traced throughout the IAP. In the vicinity of
the Medina seamounts at the southern IAP boundary, the crust thickens to
about 9 km and seismic velocities decrease to 6.8 km s−1 at the crust–mantle
boundary. The seismic velocity distribution and depth of the crust–mantle
boundary in the IAP document its oceanic nature and support the
interpretation of the IAP as a remnant of the Tethys lithosphere with the
Malta Escarpment as a transform margin and a Tethys opening in the NNW–SSE
direction.
Multipoint high-fidelity CFD-based aerodynamic shape optimization of a 10 MW wind turbine
Authors: Madsen Mads H. Aa. , Zahle Frederik , Sørensen Niels N. , Martins Joaquim R. R. A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The wind energy industry relies heavily on computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
to analyze new turbine designs. To utilize CFD earlier in the design
process, where lower-fidelity methods such as blade element momentum (BEM)
are more common, requires the development of new tools. Tools that utilize
numerical optimization are particularly valuable because they reduce the
reliance on design by trial and error. We present the first comprehensive 3-D
CFD adjoint-based shape optimization of a modern 10 MW offshore wind
turbine. The optimization problem is aligned with a case study from
International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 37, making it possible to compare
our findings with the BEM results from this case study and therefore allowing
us to determine the value of design optimization based on high-fidelity
models. The comparison shows that the overall design trends suggested by the
two models do agree, and that it is particularly valuable to consult the
high-fidelity model in areas such as root and tip where BEM is inaccurate. In
addition, we compare two different CFD solvers to quantify the effect of
modeling compressibility and to estimate the accuracy of the chosen grid
resolution and order of convergence of the solver. Meshes up to 14×106 cells are used in the optimization whereby flow details are resolved.
The present work shows that it is now possible to successfully optimize
modern wind turbines aerodynamically under normal operating conditions using
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models. The key benefit of a 3-D RANS
approach is that it is possible to optimize the blade planform and
cross-sectional shape simultaneously, thus tailoring the shape to the actual
3-D flow over the rotor. This work does not address evaluation of extreme
loads used for structural sizing, where BEM-based methods have proven very
accurate, and therefore will likely remain the method of choice.
Entre a casa e a rua, o “espaço”
Authors: Bologna Paula Cristina Corrêa 
Published: April 2019

Prédios abandonados, ao serem ocupados por movimentos de luta por moradia, passam a ser reivindicados como “casa” pelos seus ocupantes. No cotidiano, contudo, o usual é que as pessoas que habitam as ocupações declinem do termo “casa” e se refiram aos seus locais de moradia enquanto um “espaço”. O que sugiro neste artigo é que o uso deste termo pelos militantes não é aleatório, mas possui uma gramática e noções de temporalidade própria. Ademais, sugiro que estes “espaços”, reduto do cotidiano, são locais conformadores de experiencia e de novas sociabilidades que são caras à formação do movimento de moradia enquanto ator político. As reflexões apresentadas neste artigo são o resultado de dois anos de pesquisa etnográfica junto ao Movimento de Moradia da Região Centro (MMRC) e à Ocupação Mauá.
Por que ocupar? Uma narrativa a partir dos moradores da ocupação Dandara, Belo Horizonte
Authors: Machado Beatriz Ribeiro , Silva Douglas Mansur da 
Published: April 2019

As formações de ocupações urbanas são cada vez mais comuns em contextos de grandes cidades. Este fenômeno está diretamente ligado ao déficit habitacional e à segregação socioespacial que induz famílias inteiras a comporem estes prédios e terrenos ocupados em uma perspectiva de luta pelo direito de morar e pelo direito de fazer parte da cidade. Os movimentos sociais de reforma urbana possuem protagonismo político neste processo de acompanhamento dos inúmeros prédios e terrenos ocupados para moradia. Entretanto, por que ocupar? Constituída a ocupação, quais os riscos e os conflitos que passam a fazer parte da rotina destas famílias? Partindo destes questionamentos, o presente trabalho se desenvolve na Ocupação Dandara, localizada na Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, onde mais de 1000 famílias, em meados de 2009, passam a construir suas moradias em um terreno com mais de 315 mil metros quadrados, localizado em área de alto valor imobiliário da cidade. Ao longo de mais de três anos foi possível acompanhar a rotina destes moradores e movimentos sociais envolvidos, buscando a partir da narrativa destes atores, um resgate histórico da construção da ocupação desde seu planejamento até as razões que levaram as diversas famílias a construírem coletivamente seu espaço dentro da cidade.
Cesarean in Adolescents at the Rural Hospital of Neisu (Democratic Republic of Congo): Epidemiological Aspects and Neonatal and Maternal Prognosis
Authors: Jeanine Nadi Aninyesi , Nguma J. D. Bosenge , Nobikana S. , Osundja Likilo , Juakali S. K. V. , Likwekwe Komanda , Bosunga Katenga 
Published: April 2019

Aim: We attempted to determine the epidemiological aspect of cesarean section performed in adolescent girls at Neisu Rural Hospital, DR Congo, and maternal and neonatal prognosis, whereby to contribute to the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study from January 1st, 2016 to June 30th 2018, involving 114 cases of caesarean section of 13 to 19 year-olds. Maternal and perinatal data were analyzed on the SPSS 20.0 software.
Results: The prevalence of caesarean section among adolescents was 24.8%. The majority of female deliveries had a low level of education (80.7%), half were married, 30.7% were transfer cases, 77.2% were primiparous, and 100% christian and 81.6% had not followed quality prenatal consultations. Cesarean section was done in emergency (97.4%) under spinal anesthesia (69.3%) and especially indicated for feto-pelvic disproportion (69.3%). In newborns there was: 1.8% of prematurity; 21.1% of low weight; 14.9% of resuscitation; 3.5% of Apgar <7 in the 5th minute; 9.6% of neonatal infection and 43.9‰ perinatal mortality. Concerning the maternal prognosis: 10.5% of severe anemia; 16.7% of parietal infection; 16.7% endometritis and 8.8‰ of maternal mortality.
Conclusion: The cesarean section in adolescent girls to Neisu is a public health problem and the fetal-maternal prognosis is worrying.
Hygienic Conditions of Selected Eateries within Ibadan Metropolis
Authors: Ajulo Hephzibah Oluwatoyin , Adetunji Veronica Olusola , Ajulo Matthew Olugbenga 
Published: April 2019

Study Design: A questionnaire survey was carried out on 25 eateries from 7 local government areas (LGAs) in Ibadan. Eateries and LGAs were selected by convenience purposive sampling. Four eateries at the most, comprising of standard and substandard types were selected from each of the LGAs. The questionnaire was designed to get information on the hygienic and sanitary condition involved in preparation of the ready to eat chicken meat.
Methodology: Questionnaires were administered to twenty-five eateries in seven LGAs in Ibadan. Data on food handling and preparation practices were obtained from questionnaire filled for each eatery by the representative.
Results: The results showed that most of the chickens were obtained frozen (84%) from cold food shops. Bore hole (88%) was the major source of water. Most (75%) of the prepared chicken were kept in heat regulated show cases. Most of the respondents (91.3%) reported that they were not using the same chopping board for raw and ready to eat food items. Milton was used on utensils and chopping board by most (87.5%) of the respondents. All (100%) the respondents possessed licenses for operation. Majority (88%) of the respondents wore protective clothing while 96% of them always covered their hair. Septic tank latrines were means of disposal by nearly half (54.2%) of the respondents. There was no significant difference P >.05, in hygiene practices of the three classes.
Conclusion: Many eateries were supervised by well trained staff on food safety hygiene but in actual practice, hygienic standards were not thoroughly upheld.
Comparative Study on Color Stability of Denture Reline Polymers when Using Microwave and Chemical Disinfection
Authors: Jabeen Farhat , Gupta Rajeev , Nagpal Archana , Katna Vishal , Mahajan Vishwas , Bali Pragya 
Published: April 2019

This study investigated the color stability of reline resin after two methods of disinfection i.e microwave disinfection and chemical disinfection. A stainless steel mold with a breakaway compartment (10 mm in diameter by 0.7 mm thickness) was made to fabricate specimens of various resins. Each material was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions and applied into the mold. Prior to color stability testing, specimens were cleaned in distilled water for 20 minutes to kill any microorganisms that may had contaminated the discs during fabrication. And then specimens were immersed in Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 200 ml of solution for 15 days and microwaved for 15 days so that it is comparable to chemical disinfection soaking. The color stability of each specimen was measured again using spectrophotometer and values were obtained. The data of ∆E, ∆L, ∆b, ∆a were analysed by 2 way repeated measures ANOVAs test. Significant statistic changes in color parameters ∆L, ∆a, ∆b of the reline resin DPI, Ufi Gel Hard And Kooliner were observed when dentures were disinfected by Sodium Perborate Monohydrate 2% solutions. The color stability of the reline resin was influenced by time, regardless of disinfection or non disinfection. This can be attributed to bleaching (whitening) effect of reline material. Discoloration of resin based materials may be caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are related to internal alterations in material resulting from physicochemical reactions or residual monomer oxidation with time. Thus the initiator, quantity and type of monomer and the polymerisation efficiency can affect the color stability of resin based materials. The color stability deviation value ∆E significantly increased to maximum for chemical disinfectant, least for Control group and intermediate for microwaved group. Ufi Gel showed the highest deviation ∆E and Control Group showed the lowest deviation according to results.
Yield and Physical Quality of the Yellow Passion Fruit under Spacing within Plants and Water Salinity
Authors: Da Silva Macedo João Paulo , Cavalcante Lourival Ferreira , Lobo Jackson Teixeira , Pereira Micaela Benigna , Lima Marcelino Aline Dayanna Alves de , Coelho Bezerra Francisco Thiago , Ferreira Bezerra Marlene Alexandrina 
Published: April 2019

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate the yield and the physical quality of the yellow passion fruit accession ‘Guinezinho’ as a function of the within-row plant spacing, with saline irrigation water in consecutive growing seasons.
Study Design: The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks, with four replicates and 12 plants per parcel, in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, referring to the spacing in the planting lines of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m, and two consecutive growing seasons.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was developed in the municipality of Coronel Ezequiel, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, within the months of April 2013 and October 2014.
Methodology: The seedings were transplanted in the spacings of 3, 6, 9 and 12 m, and distant 2 m within lines according to the treatments; they were conducted in a vertical shoot position (VSP) training system, and daily irrigated during the arid period with saline water (ECiw = 3.4 dS m-1). The following characteristics were evaluated: fruit yield, fruit mass, longitudinal and transversal fruit diameter, pulp yield, peel mass and peel thickness.
Results: The interaction between spacing and growing season exercised a significant effect on the fruit yield, longitudinal fruit diameter, pulp yield, thickness and mass of the peel (P = .05). The variables transversal diameter and fruit mass only varied within the growing seasons (P = .05). The plants cultivated in the 3 m spacing were the most productive in the two seasons, with 23.7 and 36.3 t ha-1, in the first and second seasons, respectively.
Conclusion: The highest yield of the yellow passion fruit accession ‘Guinezinho’ was obtained in the smaller plant spacing in the lines. Except for the pulp yield, the yield and physical quality of the fruits were superior in the second growing season. The irrigation with highly saline water, in this type of soil, did not compromise the productive ability of the passion fruit accession ‘Guinezinho’.
Auditing Practices in the Brazilian Unified Health System: An Integrative Literature Review / Práticas de Auditoria no Sistema Único de Saúde: Uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Santos Elitiele Ortiz dos , Eslabão Adriane Domingues 
Published: April 2019

Objetivo: Analisar as práticas de auditoria no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), e Web of Science. Ao total, utilizando-se os critérios de inclusão e exclusão selecionou-se 12 artigos científicos para análise. Resultados: Os resultados apontam avanços políticos e nas instituições com relação as práticas de auditoria no SUS. Identifica-se também, muitos desafios para fortalecer tais práticas, como a necessidade de qualificar as ferramentas do Departamento Nacional de Auditoria do SUS e melhorar a comunicação entre o componente, estadual, municipal e federal de auditoria. Conclusão: As práticas de auditoria no SUS estão em construção, necessitando de mais estudos e divulgação, afim de que traga contribuições para a prática e o meio acadêmico.Descritores: Auditoria Operativa, Sistema Único de Saúde, Serviços de Saúde, Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde.
Quantitative analysis and assessment of base composition asymmetry and gene orientation bias in bacterial genomes
Authors: Quan Chun‐Lan , Gao Feng 
Published: April 2019

Base composition asymmetry and gene orientation bias are two common genomic structures in bacterial genomes. Here, correlation coefficients between nucleotide disparities and coding sequence (CDS) skew have been calculated, which provides insights into their relationship from an individual genome perspective. Consequently, we find GC and RY disparities correlate significantly with CDS skew, since around 60% of the bacterial genomes under study have correlation coefficients > 0.9. Then, we present a model for quantitative assessment of nucleotide disparity and CDS skew in which a numerical index R2 is used for evaluation. We find that skew curves with higher R2 perform better on the prediction of replication origins in bacteria.
RETRACTED: The long noncoding RNA AK002107 negatively modulates miR‐140‐5p and targets TGFBR1 to induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tang Yun‐Hua , He Guo‐Lin , Huang Shan‐Zhou , Zhong Ke‐Bo , Liao Hui , Cai Lei , Gao Yi , Peng Zhen‐Wei , Fu Shun‐Jun 
Published: April 2019

The abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is associated with human carcinoma. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the function of lncRNA AK002107 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The differential expression of lncRNAs between HCC and paired nontumor tissues was identified using microarrays, and the correlation between the expression of lncRNA AK002107 and the clinical prognosis of HCC was analyzed. We investigated the role of lncRNA AK002107 in HCC tumor biology in vitro using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, and Matrigel invasion assays and in vivo by assessing the growth of xenografted HCC tumors. The potential microRNAs that interact with lncRNA AK002107 were identified using online tools and were verified using PCR and luciferase reporter assay. The levels of TGFBR1, E‐cadherin, and vimentin were determined using western blot assays. We then further investigated the correlation between expression of lncRNA AK002107 with miR‐140‐5p and TGFBR1 expression in HCC tissues. The expression of lncRNA AK002107 is frequently upregulated in HCC samples and cell lines. Patients with HCC who have elevated lncRNA AK002107 expression exhibit poorer overall survival and disease‐free survival. Silencing lncRNA AK002107 expression significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, lncRNA AK002107 directly binds to miR‐140‐5p and significantly inhibits miR‐140‐5p expression. The functions of lncRNA AK002107 in cell growth and tumor invasion are mediated via miR‐140‐5p. lncRNA AK002107 upregulated TGFBR1 expression and then induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting miR‐140‐5p expression. The expression of lncRNA AK002107 inversely correlated with miR‐140‐5p expression and positively correlated with TGFBR1 expression in HCC tissues. In summary, lncRNA AK002107 functions as an oncogene in tumors by inhibiting miR‐140‐5p, targeting TGFBR1, and then inducing EMT. The lncRNA AK002107/miR‐140‐5p/TGFBR1/EMT regulatory network may be a valuable target for the development of novel diagnostic and treatment methods for HCC.
Conjugated Polymers in Bioelectronics: Addressing the Interface Challenge
Authors: Fidanovski Kristina , Mawad Damia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConjugated polymers are the material of choice for organic bioelectronic interfaces as they combine mechanical flexibility with electric and ionic conductivity. Their attractive properties are largely demonstrated in vitro, while the in vivo applications are limited to the coating of inorganic electrodes, where they are used to improve the intimate electronic contact between the device and the tissue. However, there has not been a commensurate rise in the in vivo applications of entirely organic implantable electronic devices based on conjugated polymers. To date, there is no comprehensive understanding of how these devices will interface with real biological systems. With the push toward increasingly thinner and more flexible next generation medical implants, this limitation remains a major detractor in the translation of conjugated polymers toward biological applications. This research news article examines the few reported in vivo studies and attempts to establish why there is such a dearth in the literature.
A Textile‐Integrated Polymer Thermoelectric Generator for Body Heat Harvesting
Authors: Elmoughni Hend M. , Menon Akanksha K. , Wolfe Rylan M. W. , Yee Shannon K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntegrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) into textiles is attractive for body heat harvesting to power wearable electronics. Textile‐integrated TEGs have the advantage of conformity to the body that ensures efficient heat transfer and does not impede movement. Additive printing techniques and solution processable polymer‐based thermoelectric (TE) materials can be used for this purpose. However, a number of fabrication challenges limit the realization of a printed polymer‐based textile TEG using a low cost, scalable, and textile compatible process. In this work, stencil and transfer printing techniques are successfully employed to fabricate a 32‐leg device with a modest fill factor (≈30%) on a commercial sports fabric substrate. PEDOT:PSS and Poly[Na(NiETT)] are formulated into inks and used as the p‐type and the n‐type polymer materials, respectively. The textile‐integrated TE device yields an open circuit voltage of ≈3 mV at ΔT= 3 K. The fabrication process is scaled up to demonstrate an 864‐leg device that yields a voltage output of ≈47 mV. This work is the first demonstration of a textile TEG based on p‐ and n‐type conducting polymers capable of through‐plane body heat harvesting. It serves as a proof‐of‐concept for integrating TE devices into mainstream fabrics and clothing.