bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and future trends on automated multidimensional separation techniques employing sorbent‐based extraction columns
Authors: Maciel Edvaldo Vasconcelos Soares , de Toffoli Ana Lúcia , Lanças Fernando Mauro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDetermination of target analytes present in complex matrices requires a suitable sample preparation approach to efficiently remove the analytes of interest from a medium containing several interferers while at the same time preconcentrating them aiming to improve the output signal detection. Online multidimensional solid‐phase separation techniques have been widely used for the analysis of different contaminants in complex matrices such as food, environmental, and biological samples, among others. These online techniques usually consist of two steps performed in two different columns (extraction and analytical column), the first being employed to extract the analytes of interest from the original medium and the latter to separate them from the interferers. The extraction column in multidimensional techniques presents a relevant role since their variations as building material (usually a tube), sorbent material, modes of application, and so on can significantly influence the extraction success. The main features of such columns are subject of constant research aiming improvements directly related to the performance of the separation techniques that utilize multidimensional analysis. The present review highlights the main features of extraction columns online coupled to chromatographic techniques, inclusive for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction, online solid phase and turbulent flow, aiming the determination of analytes present at very low concentrations in complex matrices. It will critically describe and discuss some of the most common instrumental set up as well as comments on recent applications of these multidimensional techniques. Besides that, the authors have described some properties and enhancements of the extraction columns that are used as first dimension on these systems, such as type of column material (poly (ether ether ketone), fused silica, stainless steel, and other materials) and the way that the extractive phase is accommodated inside the tubing (filled and open tubular). Practical applications of this approach in fields such as environment, food, and bioanalysis are also presented and discussed.
Ultrasound Adds No Benefit to Clinical Exam for Predicting Dehydration in Children With Acute Diarrhea in a Resource‐Limited Setting
Authors: Koeller Eva , Robertson Sarah E. , Garbern Stephanie Chow , Monk Grace , Nasrin Sabiha , Alam Nur H. , Levine Adam C. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesDiarrhea is one of the most common and deadly conditions affecting children, causing over 525,000 deaths annually, largely in resource‐limited settings. Appropriate treatment depends on accurate determination of dehydration status. This study evaluated the accuracy of a new model using clinical and ultrasound measurements for predicting dehydration status in children with acute diarrhea.MethodsThe Dehydration: Assessing Kids Accurately (DHAKA) study was a prospective cohort study of children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea presenting to the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Clinical signs and sonographic measurements of the aorta‐to‐inferior vena cava ratio were recorded. Percent weight change with rehydration was used to classify dehydration severity. Logistic regression was used to create a combined DHAKA‐US model based on clinical and sonographic measurements. Area under the curve and calibration slope were used to assess the model's accuracy and compare it to the original DHAKA score model.ResultsA total of 850 children were enrolled, with 736 included in the final analysis. The combined DHAKA‐US model showed equivalent discrimination with the original DHAKA score, with an area under the curve of 0.79 for both models for severe dehydration (95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.84), as well as similar classification (48% versus 50% correctly classified) and calibration (calibration slopes of 0.900 versus 0.904 for presence of any dehydration).ConclusionAdding sonographic measurements to the DHAKA score had no effect on discrimination, classification, or calibration when compared to the original DHAKA score. Clinical signs alone may be the most important predictors of dehydration status in children with diarrhea in limited resource settings.
Impact of Age on Sinus Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Lehmann Ashton E. , Scangas George A. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , El Rassi Edward , Metson Ralph 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the impact of age on patient‐reported quality of life (QOL) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsSix hundred thirty‐six patients with CRS were recruited from 11 otolaryngologic practices and completed the sinonasal‐specific, 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) and general health‐related EuroQol 5‐Dimension (EQ‐5D) questionnaires at baseline and 12 and 24 months after ESS. Patients were grouped chronologically to determine whether age at time of ESS was associated with clinical outcomes.ResultsAges ranged from 18 to 80 years (mean ± standard deviation = 48.5 ± 14.4). Improvement was observed in postoperative SNOT‐22 scores at 12 and 24 months for all decades of life. Similar improvements were observed for EQ‐5D‐based health utility value (HUV) scores in all decades of life, except for the eldest cohort (ages 70–80, N = 33), who did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference at either 12 or 24 months following ESS. In regression analysis, age was not associated with sinonasal‐specific outcomes (change in SNOT‐22 scores) at 12 (P = .507) or 24 months (P = .955). In general health‐related outcomes, however, age was significantly associated with change in EQ‐5D‐based HUV scores from baseline to 12 months following ESS after adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and surgical history (P = .049).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that ESS for adult CRS sufferers offers improved QOL outcomes through the eighth decade of life. The impact of comorbidities on QOL needs to be carefully considered when assessing older patients for sinus surgery.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 128:2681–2687, 2018
Voice Outcomes of Lipoinjection Versus Medialization Laryngoplasty for Nonparalytic Glottic Insufficiency
Authors: M. Dominguez Laura , Villarreal Ricardo , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo compare voice outcomes of autogenous fat injection versus medialization laryngoplasty in patients with glottic insufficiency due to vocal fold paresis or atrophy.MethodsA retrospective review was performed from 2009 to 2017 of all patients who underwent lipoinjection or medialization laryngoplasty (ML) for glottic insufficiency. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, preoperative diagnosis, surgical intervention, Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) and Glottal Function Index (GFI) scores, follow‐up time (minimum 3 months), and concomitant voice therapy.ResultsEighty‐three patients were initially identified and limited to 28 based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Thirty‐five procedures were performed with a total of 15 fat injections and 20 MLs. The mean age was 60.7 years in the lipoinjection group and 55.6 years in the ML group. There was no significant difference in pretreatment VHI‐10 scores between the two groups. Using the lowest recorded voice scores during the follow‐up period, both groups had a significant decrease (P < 0.05) compared to preoperative scores (VHI‐10: fat decreased from 27.8 to 14.2, ML decreased from 30.5 to 9.1; GFI: fat decreased from 13.7 to 5.27, ML decreased from 13.6 to 4.6). When evaluating the entire follow‐up period (median 19 months in fat group, 16.3 months in ML), only the ML group maintained a significant improvement in VHI‐10 (median delta 14.5) and GFI (median delta 7) compared to preoperative scores.ConclusionAlthough both autogenous fat injection and ML result in improved voice scores in the short term, the effect of fat injection appears to be limited, as evidenced by worsening VHI‐10 and GFI scores over time.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1164–1168, 2019
Using Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Katz Shlomit , Kaplan Natan , Grossinger Israel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA diffractive optical element (DOE) uses thin micro‐structure patterns to alter the phase of the light that is propagated through it. Those micro‐structures, once properly designed, can manipulate the light to almost any desired intensity profile or shape. This technology enables many functions and light manipulations which are not feasible with standard refractive optics.In many applications, these functions are highly beneficial and improve system performance significantly. Diffractive optical solutions have many advantages such as: high efficiency, high precision, small dimensions, low weight, and, most importantly, are flexible solutions that meet a variety of different applications' requirements.
Grazing practices affect the soil microbial community composition in a Tibetan alpine meadow
Authors: Yang Fei , Niu Kechang , Collins Courtney G. , Yan Xuebin , Ji Yangguang , Ling Ning , Zhou Xianhui , Du Guozhen , Guo Hui , Hu Shuijin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGrazing is the primary land‐use activity on the Tibetan Plateau and can affect soil microbes and their function through aboveground vegetation removal, animal trampling, and manure deposition. Two distinct grazing systems (i.e., winter grazing [WG] and annual grazing [AG]) dominate on the Tibetan Plateau, but their effects on soil microbes have rarely been assessed. Taking advantage of a 5‐year field experiment that controlled timing and density of grazers via fence exclosures, we examined impacts of different grazing practices on the biomass, diversity, and composition of the soil microbial community in a Tibetan alpine meadow. On the basis of high‐throughput sequencing, we found that grazing had no significant effects on bacterial and fungal α‐diversities but altered their community compositions. Although total soil carbon (TC), total soil nitrogen (TN), and carbon/nitrogen (C/N) were related to both bacterial and fungal community compositions, plant shoot biomass only correlated with bacteria, and soil pH and moisture significantly influenced fungi under grazing. Also, grazing altered plant community composition but did not lead to corresponding changes in bacterial or fungal community composition. Moreover, grazing practices affected the relative abundance of specific bacterial and fungal taxa, reducing Actinobacteria but increasing Basidiomycete fungi in WG. Soil TC and TN were higher, and the soil microbial community was more stable in AG than WG, likely due to more stable litter inputs in AG. Together, these results showed that AG was less disruptive to soil microbes, suggesting that AG may provide a viable option for sustainable utilization and conservation of these fragile alpine systems.
Accidental Double Dirac Cones and Robust Edge States in Topological Anisotropic Photonic Crystals
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Dong , Deng Wei‐Min , Zhao Fu‐Li , Dong Jian‐Wen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDirac cones in photonic systems have many profound applications such as achieving zero‐index materials and nontrivial photonic phases. It is shown that double Dirac cones at the zone boundary can be restored by achieving accidental degeneracy between transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes in 2D photonic crystals with anisotropic permittivity. The topological band gap can be obtained by lifting nontrivial double Dirac cones, each of which is formed by two orthogonally polarized linear branches sharing the same mirror parities. Robust transport of gapless and high transmission of gapped edge states are also demonstrated in topological anisotropic photonic crystals, demonstrating that a high transmission flat‐top spectrum is observed in various working frequency regions even when the interface is no longer straight. This may pave the way to a paradigm for a bandwidth‐controllable robust waveguide in topological photonics.
PEGDA/PVP Microneedles with Tailorable Matrix Constitutions for Controllable Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Gao Ya , Hou Mengmeng , Yang Ruihao , Zhang Lei , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Xue Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolymeric microneedles have attracted increasing interest for transdermal drug delivery owing to the unique advantages of minimal invasiveness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and efficient drug‐loading capacity. However, drug release from polymeric microneedles lacks controllability during transdermal administration. Herein, a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PEGDA/PVP) microneedle patch with tailorable matrix constitutions is designed and fabricated using a two‐step ultraviolet (UV) light‐induced polymerization method. Scanning electron microscopic characterization reveals a non‐uniform interior matrix of microneedles, resulting from the aggregation of PVP in the polymerized PEGDA matrix induced by UV irradiation. The fabricated microneedles are found to show sufficient mechanical strength for skin penetration and they can be removed intact after application. The controllable release property of rhodamine B (RhB)‐loaded PEGDA/PVP microneedles is demonstrated in vitro by tuning the fraction of PVP content. The typical characteristics including initial burst and subsequent sustained release are attributed to the rapid dissolution of PVP and prolonged swelling of PEGDA, respectively. In addition, the microneedle insertion site can be completely recovered within 1 h on a porcine skin, indicating the minimally invasive feature of microneedle‐mediated therapeutic delivery. This scalable microneedle platform may serve as a convenient and effective drug carrier for transdermal delivery of various pharmaceuticals under precise control.
Magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for treatment of essential tremor: A 2‐year outcome study
Authors: Meng Ying , Solomon Benjamin , Boutet Alexandre , Llinas Maheleth , Scantlebury Nadia , Huang Yuexi , Hynynen Kullervo , Hamani Clement , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M. , Lipsman Nir , Schwartz Michael L. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundMagnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound is an emerging, minimally invasive thermoablation technique for medically refractory essential tremor. Beyond the initial year, data regarding efficacy and potential predictors of efficacy are still preliminary.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the outcome at 2 years and the association between lesion volume and outcome 1 year after treatment.MethodsWe reviewed data from 37 patients who underwent unilateral magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy, with primary outcome being dominant tremor subscore of the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor. We used multivariable linear regression to model initial lesion volume with 1‐year outcome, adjusting for other clinically relevant variables.ResultsAlthough we detected a trend in loss of clinical benefit within the first year, the dominant tremor score at 2 years continued to be significantly improved (43.4%, 95% confidence interval 27.8%‐59.0%) from baseline. Secondarily, initial lesion volume is significantly associated with 1‐year outcome.ConclusionOur findings show that magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy results in sustained tremor reduction for medically refractory essential tremor even in the long term, and we highlight areas for improvement.
Current technological trends in biosensors, nanoparticle devices and biolabels: Hi‐tech network sensing applications
Authors: Vigneshvar Senthilkumaran , Senthilkumaran Balasubramanian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiosensors are micro‐analytical devices usually coupled to a bio‐integrated transducer that emits signal to measure specific molecules as an analyte, either qualitatively or quantitatively for various downstream applications. Improved detection methods at quantum level in nanoscale became a reality due to the invention of integrated circuits involving nanoparticle devices and biolabels. Next level of discoveries leads to the identification of novel particulates to improve the specificity and sensitivity for single analyte detection. Although different kinds of biosensors show promise for multifaceted applications in science and technology, certain limitations do exist in terms of portability, selectivity and sensitivity as well as in multi‐analyte detection. Recent methodical advancements involving nanomaterials or nanoparticles/metals in combination with biomarkers or biolabels as sensors provide new insights to solve these limitations to prepare flawless detecting devices. These technical advances are evident in modern‐day sensors including hand‐held, smartphone‐based, wearable and flexible sensors developed for multifaceted applications. This concise review article describes the new technological trends in the development of biosensors integrated to nanoparticle devices and/or biolabels involving hi‐tech network system for better efficiency. Future perspectives on new technological developments for effective combination of several nanomaterials and biolabels with strategic engineering methodology were highlighted.
An effective way regarding to coupling reduction and pattern correction in base station design
Authors: Huang He 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn effective method regarding to coupling reduction and pattern correction in base station antenna design is developed. Initially, a hybrid antenna with one lower band element, two middle band elements, two higher band elements, and a reflector is designed. It is found that a “C‐shaped” current loop is formed by the horizontal radiating arm of the middle band element, its vertical balun ground, and the horizontal reflector. Strong coupling between the lower and middle band elements occurs, making the lower band beamwidth nonconvergent. Hence, a middle band element with comparatively enclosed feeding structure is chosen to interrupt the resonant loop, thus weakening the coupling among those elements. Then, a π‐shaped metal plate and rectangle baffles are added to finely reshape the radiation pattern of these elements. As a result, the coupling between these elements are weakened and the HPBWs of the proposed antenna can keep an extremely stable value of 65° ± 5°. The discovery and analysis of coupling mechanism has great value for improving the radiation performance of the antenna array.
Dual‐mode bandpass filter based on substrate‐integrated waveguide loaded with complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Chaudhury Soumit Samadder , Awasthi Seema , Singh Rajat Kumar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA compact dual‐mode bandpass filter adapted from circular substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) is presented in this paper. The excited modes of the cavity are controlled by introducing metal vias and loading complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) to the cavity. Higher order dual resonant modes are used to generate the passband response. Single ring CSRRs with double splits are loaded in the SIW cavity to provide independent control over the passband resonant modes. The loading of CSRRs contributes to further size reduction of the cavity. The fundamental mode of the cavity is controlled by using optimally configured metal vias. Thus, a nearly symmetric passband response and an improved out‐of‐band response below the dual‐mode passband are achieved by suppressing the fundamental mode. The modified SIW cavity loaded with CSRRs reduces the size of the standard circular cavity by 83%. The proposed bandpass filter has center frequency at 8.7 GHz with 14% fractional bandwidth. 0.7 dB is the measured minimum insertion loss with a return loss better than 20 dB.
A 470‐990 MHz digital‐controlled VCO with temperature compensation
Authors: Su Ching‐Hong , Chen Hsiao‐Chin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 470‐990 MHz ring oscillator with 10‐bit digital control is implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. A complementary to absolute temperature (CTAT) current bias is employed to achieve temperature compensation. Operating from a 1.8 V supply, the oscillator consumes the currents of 5.41 mA and 15.15 mA at 470 MHz and 990 MHz, respectively. Measurement results show that the frequency drift of the oscillator is within 1% from−10 to 80°C.
Diet and Condition of Age-0 Scaphirhynchus Sturgeon: Implications for Shallow-Water Habitat Restoration
Authors: Civiello Anthony P. , Gosch Nathan J. C. , Gemeinhardt Todd R. , Miller Marcus L. , Bonneau Joseph L. , Chojnacki Kimberly A. , DeLonay Aaron J. , Long James M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Insufficient food during early life could limit the population growth of endangered Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the lower Missouri River. Shallow-water habitat restoration is intended to provide nursery benefits, including food, for young sturgeon, but the effect of shallow-water habitat on their diet is unknown. Age-0 Pallid Sturgeon are rare, providing little opportunity for direct evaluation; however, studying the closely related and abundant Shovelnose Sturgeon S. platorynchus may provide valuable information to guide habitat restoration efforts. We compared diet, body condition (lipid content), and change in body weight (24-h bioenergetics simulation) for postdrift, age-0 sturgeon among five reaches ranging widely in shallow-water habitat availability. Lipid content of satiated and emaciated laboratory-reared individuals were compared with that of wild-caught fish. In general, shallow-water habitat availability appeared to have little effect on the variables examined. Regardless of reach, wild-caught fish primarily consumed chironomids, and empty stomachs were rare. Additionally, differences in prey weight, lipid content, or the modeled change in body weight did not usually correspond to differences in shallow-water habitat availability. Instead, we found annual differences, as prey weight consumed and the percentage of fish with modeled weight gain was often higher in 2015 than 2014, while the opposite was true for the percentage of fish with lipid content values that were comparable with the emaciated laboratory standard. Overall, our findings complement recent suggestions that shallow-water habitat restoration efforts, as previously implemented, may not benefit sturgeon populations. Our results coupled with previous research suggest that the lower Missouri River prey base can support a stable Shovelnose Sturgeon population; however, additional research is needed to determine whether this applies to Pallid Sturgeon.