bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of academic education vs. common culture on the climate literacy of university students / Formación académica frente a cultura común en la alfabetización climática de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Meira-Cartea Pablo A. , Gutiérrez-Pérez José , Arto-Blanco Mónica , Escoz-Roldán Amor 
Published: September 2018

This article compares the level of climate literacy observed among university students enrolled on different academic courses, sampled at the start and end of their degrees ( N = 1,149). The study involved distributing a questionnaire about various scientific topics related to Climate Change (CC) and aims to analyse the extent to which differences can be attributed to the influence of the social representations of common culture or to the scientific education received during their academic studies. The initial assumption made is that students who study natural science or engineering degrees and those who are in the final years of their degree course should be significantly more competent regarding the questions made to them than students studying social sciences or humanities and those who are at the start of their university degree. The weight of common culture is also noted as the decisive factor in predominant social representations.
The Prevalence of Orthostatic Hypotension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saedon Nor I’zzati , Pin Tan Maw , Frith James 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with increased risk of falls, cognitive impairment and death, as well as a reduced quality of life. Although it is presumed to be common in older people, estimates of its prevalence vary widely. This study aims to address this by pooling the results of epidemiological studies.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest were searched. Studies were included if participants were more than 60 years, were set within the community or within long-term care and diagnosis was based on a postural drop in systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥20 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥10 mmHg. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Random and quality effects models were used for pooled analysis.

Results
Of 23,090 identified records, 20 studies were included for community-dwelling older people (n = 24,967) and six were included for older people in long-term settings (n = 2,694). There was substantial variation in methods used to identify OH with differing supine rest duration, frequency and timing of standing BP, measurement device, use of standing and tilt-tables and interpretation of the diagnostic drop in BP. The pooled prevalence of OH in community-dwelling older people was 22.2% (95% CI = 17, 28) and 23.9% (95% CI = 18.2, 30.1) in long-term settings. There was significant heterogeneity in both pooled results (I2 &gt; 90%).

Conclusions
OH is very common, affecting one in five community-dwelling older people and almost one in four older people in long-term care. There is great variability in methods used to identify OH.
China’s Mobility Barriers and Employment Allocations
Authors: Ngai L Rachel , Pissarides Christopher A , Wang Jin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChina’s hukou system imposes two main barriers to population movements. Agricultural workers get land to cultivate but are unable to trade it in a frictionless market. Social transfers (education, health, etc.) are conditional on holding a local hukou. We show that the land policy leads to over-employment in agriculture and it is the more important barrier to industrialization. Effective land tenure guarantees and a competitive rental market would correct this inefficiency. The local restrictions on social transfers also act as disincentives to migration with bigger impact on urban migrations than to job moves to rural enterprises.
Feasibility of a Smartphone-Based Tobacco Treatment for HIV-Infected Smokers
Authors: Shuter Jonathan , Kim Ryung S , An Lawrence C , Abroms Lorien C 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Cigarette smoking is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States. It is the leading cause of mortality in this group, and efforts to promote cessation have been largely unsuccessful.

Methods
From 2015 to 2017, we performed a randomized controlled trial of Positively Smoke Free–Mobile (PSF-M) versus standard care. PSF-M is a mobile Web site that offers a 42-day text message-based quit-smoking program with smartphone features including quit-day selection/calendar, educational/motivational videos, and HELP button for cravings.

Results
One hundred individuals enrolled, 48 were randomized to PSF-M (mean age = 45 years, 54% male, 81% black, 31% Latino) and 52 to the standard care condition. All participants were offered a 3-month supply of nicotine patches. Participants randomized to the mobile intervention visited the PSF-M home page a mean of 83 times, viewed 5.6/8 videos, logged in on 13 of 42 possible days, and received 131 texts. Among them, 77% tapped HELP for cravings, and craving response options were used by the following proportions: phone-a-friend, 58%; play-a-game, 29%; play-a-song, 4%. Older age and nonblack race were both associated with higher levels of engagement with the site. Of participants, 61% rated PSF-M very or extremely helpful, and 98% would recommend PSF-M to PLWH family or friends. Abstinence at 3 months, quit attempts, and daily cigarette intake all favored PSF-M over standard care but did not achieve statistical significance in our pilot sample.

Conclusions
Smartphone-based tobacco treatment for PLWH was feasible and achieved moderate–high rates of engagement and satisfaction in a middle-aged, ethnic or racial minority group in the poorest urban community in the United States.

Implications
Cigarette smoking has emerged as the leading killer of PLWH. Behavioral interventions have achieved only limited success in promoting cessation in this population. In this study, we explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a multimodal, Web-based, quit-smoking intervention delivered to PLWH smokers via their smartphones.
Advances in Upper Extremity Scleroderma Wound Care
Authors: Cohen Joshua M. , Sibley Rachel A. , Chiu Ernest S. , Sharma Sheel 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide information about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options for systemic sclerosis.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Describe the pathophysiology, signs, symptoms, and diagnosis of systemic sclerosis.
2. Outline the evidence-based medical and surgical management of systemic sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE:
To perform a targeted review of systemic sclerosis, including epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and medical and surgical management of upper extremity manifestations.

DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION:
An electronic literature review was conducted using PubMed for all publication dates through October 2017. Searches were performed using combinations of terms including “systemic sclerosis,” “scleroderma,” “management,” “upper extremity,” “hypercalcinosis,” “Raynaud’s phenomenon,” “sympathectomy,” and “digital ulcers.” Only full-length articles written in English that discussed the management of upper extremity scleroderma were used.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS:
The epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, upper extremity manifestations, and medical and surgical management of systemic sclerosis were reviewed. The case described in this article reports the utility of microsurgical interventions in the treatment of medically refractory upper extremity systemic sclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Systemic sclerosis is a rare rheumatologic disease that greatly impacts quality of life. Medical management is the mainstay of treatment, propelling an improvement in the dismal 10-year cumulative survival rate from 54% in the 1970s to 66% in the 1990s. However, the pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood, and when medical management fails and the disease inevitably progresses, surgical approaches are critical.
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Simplified-Chinese Version of Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire for Patients in Mainland China
Authors: Zhang Zi-Cheng , Jia Zheng-Yu , Cheng Ya-Jun , Wang Fei , Yang Yi-Lin , Li Ming , Zhou Xiao-Yi , Wei Xian-Zhao 
Published: September 2018

Study Design.
A prospective study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to develop and assess the internal reliability and structure validity of a simplified Chinese version of the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire (SC-NBQ) for evaluation of patients with nonspecific neck pain (NP) in mainland China.

Summary of Background Data.
The NBQ has been cross-culturally translated into several languages with good internal consistency and construct validity to evaluate low back pain and NP. However, the NBQ has been not translated or validated for Chinese-speaking patients.

Methods.
The SC-NBQ was developed by standard cross-translation procedures, and completed by 106 patients with nonspecific NP, along with other self-reported questionnaires, including the Neck Disability Index (NDI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Functional Rating Index (FRI), and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the SC-NBQ were determined.

Results.
The NBQ was successfully translated into Chinese. All patients completed the SC-NBQ twice, and the other instruments. Score distribution demonstrated that there was no floor or ceiling effects of the SC-NBQ. Cronbach α coefficient (α = 0.89) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.97) showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. A good construct validity was shown by strong correlation with HADS (r = 0.75), NDI (r = 0.82), FRI (r = 0.90) and SF-36 physical functioning (r = 0.75), and bodily pain (r = 0.75) subscales.

Conclusion.
The SC-NBQ demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity, and may be used for the evaluation of NP in Chinese-speaking patients.

Level of Evidence: 2
“Rule of Spence” and Dickman's Classification of Transverse Atlantal Ligament Injury Revisited
Authors: Liu Peng , Zhu Jun , Wang Zhong , Jin Yufei , Wang Yingbo , Fan Weili , Liu Mingyong , Zhao Jianhua 
Published: September 2018

Detailed clinical information of 13 adult patients with acute atlantal fractures underwent nonoperative treatment was retrospectively studied. “Rule of Spence” was found inaccurate in predicting either integrity of transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) or atlantoaxial stability, whereas Dickman's classification of TAL injury was more superior to “rule of Spence” on both prediction.

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
To evaluate the prediction accuracy of “Rule of Spence” and Dickman's classification of the transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury on clinical outcomes (mainly focused on atlantoaxial stability) of atlas fractures treated nonoperatively.

Summary of Background Data.
TAL is regarded as primary stabilizer of the atlantoaxial complex. Atlas fractures are categorized as unstable and stable according to TAL injury or not. “Rule of Spence” and Dickman's classification have been widely used to evaluate the integrity of TAL indirectly or directly. However, there is controversy about how to interpret and apply these image measures appropriately in treatment decision making, and comparing the two measures in same cohort has been lack.

Methods.
From January 2013 to December 2015, 13 adult patients with atlas fractures, treated nonoperatively at acute posttraumatic phase and followed up for at least 2 years, were enrolled in the study. Lateral mass offset (LMO) and TAL injury were measured by radiography. Atlantoaxial stability, pain in occipital region, limitation of cervical motion, neurological dysfunction, and quality of daily life were evaluated as clinical outcomes.

Results.
LMO less than 6.9 mm was inaccurate either to exclud TAL injury (4/8, 50% failed) or to predict clinical outcomes (2/8, 25% failed), whereas LMO greater than 6.9 mm was accurate to determine TAL injury (5/5, 100% succeeded) but not to predict atlantoaxial stability (4/5, 80% failed). Two cases with Dickman's classification type I injury (100%) failed to restore C1-2 stability and six of seven type II (85.7%) succeeded. Three patients were indicated for fusion surgery due to instability, and one due to traumatic arthritis. Overall clinical outcomes were satisfactory as pain and quality of life were considered.

Conclusion.
Dickman‘s classification of TAL injury is of higher superiority to “Rule of Spence” in term of the accuracy of predicting atlantoaxial stability of nonoperatively treated atlas fractures.

Level of Evidence: 4
Controversies in the Treatment of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , André Marc , Johnson Peter , Fossa Alexander , Casasnovas Olivier , Engert Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B‐cell‐derived malignancy that mostly affects young adults. Pathologically, HL is divided into classical HL (cHL) and the rare entity of nodular lymphocyte‐predominant HL. Classical HL is characterized by few malignant cells termed Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg cells embedded in an inflammatory background. The treatment of cHL has consistently improved over the last decades so that current standard approaches result in long‐term remission rates in excess of 80%. However, potentially lethal therapy‐related late complications affect an increasing number of survivors. For this reason, issues regarding the optimal treatment of cHL patients are still fiercely debated. Questions under discussion include how treatment can be guided by interim positron emission tomography, the best initial treatment for advanced‐stage disease and the use of targeted drugs such as the antibody–drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin and the anti‐PD‐1 antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab. The identification of patients who should undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation is another unsolved issue. The present article highlights the most relevant clinical trials and addresses controversial open questions in the treatment of cHL.
Pharmaco-fMRI in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial With the Monoaminergic Stabilizer (–)-OSU6162
Authors: Berginström Nils , Nordström Peter , Ekman Urban , Eriksson Johan , Nyberg Lars , Nordström Anna 
Published: September 2018

Objective:
To examine the effects of monoaminergic stabilizer (–)-OSU6162 on brain activity, as measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in patients in the chronic phase of traumatic brain injury suffering from fatigue.

Setting:
Neurorehabilitation clinic.

Participants:
Patients with traumatic brain injury received either placebo (n = 24) or active treatment (n = 28). Healthy controls (n = 27) went through fMRI examination at one point and were used in sensitivity analysis on normalization of BOLD response.

Design:
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design.

Main Measures:
Effects on BOLD signal changes from before to after treatment during performance of a fatiguing attention task.

Results:
The fMRI results revealed treatment effects within the right occipitotemporal cortex and the right orbitofrontal cortex. In these regions, the BOLD response was normalized relative to healthy controls at the postintervention fMRI session. No effects were seen in regions in which we previously observed activity differences between patients and healthy controls while performing this fMRI task, such as the striatum.

Conclusion:
(–)-OSU6162 treatment had influences on functional brain activity, although the normalized regional BOLD response was observed in regions that were not a priori hypothesized to be sensitive to this particular treatment, and was not accompanied by any effects on in-scanner test performance or on fatigue.
MICROPERIMETRY AS A SCREENING TEST FOR HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE RETINOPATHY
Authors: Iftikhar Mustafa , Kaur Ramandeep , Nefalar April , Usmani Bushra , Kherani Saleema , Rashid Isra , Schönbach Etienne , Petri Michelle , Scholl Hendrik P.N. , Shah Syed M. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To assess the sensitivity and specificity of microperimetry as a screening test to detecting hydroxychloroquine retinopathy.

Methods:
Retrospective cohort study. Patients with history of hydroxychloroquine use for more than 5 years and with concomitant microperimetry and multifocal electroretinogram testing were retrospectively reviewed. Microperimetry was considered positive if there were three or more contiguous scotoma points in the parafoveal region. Multifocal electroretinogram was used as gold standard and was considered positive if there was an increased R1/R2 ring ratio (>2.5) or reduced R1 absolute amplitude (<9.0). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of microperimetry were calculated.

Results:
A total of 197 patients were reviewed. Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy was present in 22 (11%) patients. Their mean (SD) age was 54 (14) years, and 96% were women. Their mean (SD) daily dose was 5.7 (1.3) mg/kg, cumulative dose was 2041 (1,548) g, and duration of use was 15 (10) years. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of microperimetry were 73%, 93%, 53%, and 96%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Microperimetry has inferior sensitivity but good specificity in detecting hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (compared with multifocal electroretinogram). As such, it may be a useful ancillary test to exclude retinopathy, especially in high-risk patients or those with conflicting results on different modalities.
MYD88 L265P MUTATION DETECTION IN THE AQUEOUS HUMOR OF PATIENTS WITH VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Miserocchi Elisabetta , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Giuffrè Chiara , Cangi Maria G. , Francaviglia Ilaria , Calimeri Teresa , Ponzoni Maurilio , Pecciarini Lorenza , Bandello Francesco M. , Modorati Giulio M. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To detect the presence of MYD88 L265P mutation in the aqueous humor of patients with cytologically proven vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Methods:
Eight consecutive patients with bilateral vitreoretinal lymphoma (16 eyes) were prospectively evaluated. Genomic DNA was extracted from aqueous samples after paracentesis and vitreous humor samples after diagnostic vitrectomy. MYD88 codon 265 mutation was investigated by both amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction approach and pyrosequencing assay in the aqueous humor of all patients and in the vitreous of 6 patients. A control group of 8 age-matched patients with established diagnosis of noninfectious uveitis was also tested for the presence of MYD88 L265P mutation in the aqueous humor.

Results:
Eight patients (three men, five women) with mean age of 69.5 years (range 50–85 years) were considered. All the patients tested for MYD88 L265P in the vitreous (six) were positive, and this result was consistent with cytological examination in all samples but one. The MYD88 L265P mutation was found in the aqueous of 6 patients (75%), and in 3 of them, the mutation was present in both eyes. Results of MYD88 L265P mutation in aqueous and vitreous sample were consistent in 7 of the 8 eyes with available samples. The aqueous humor of the noninfectious uveitis control group was negative for the detection of MYD88 L265P mutation.

Conclusion:
MYD88 mutation was detected in the aqueous humor of 75% of patients with cytologically proven vitreoretinal lymphoma. This technique may be considered as an additional diagnostic tool in the detection of the disease.
Oral Immunotherapy for Allergic Conjunctivitis Using Transgenic Rice Expressing Hypoallergenic Antigens
Authors: Fukuda Ken , Ishida Waka , Wakasa Yuhya , Takagi Hidenori , Takaiwa Fumio , Fukushima Atsuki 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Pollinosis, or allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis induced by pollen, is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In Japan, Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollinosis is a predominant allergic condition that affects more than one-third of all Japanese individuals. Pharmacological treatments of allergic conjunctivitis include administration of antiallergic eye drops containing an antihistamine or mast cell stabilizer. However, these topical treatments provide transient relief from symptoms. The only available curative treatment for allergic diseases is allergen-specific immunotherapy. Sublingual immunotherapy for pollinosis has been found to be effective for suppression of ocular and nasal symptoms, but patient compliance is low. Oral administration of staple foods engineered to express allergens is a possible means of delivering antigens for immunotherapy, and its convenience would be expected to improve compliance. With the aim of developing more convenient, effective, and safe immunotherapies for allergic diseases, we have generated rice-based edible vaccines expressing antigens derived from dust mites or pollen from Japanese cedar, birch, or ragweed. In this study, we summarize the results of our immunotherapy studies using transgenic rice. Oral immunotherapy with transgenic rice seeds containing hypoallergenic modified forms of Japanese cedar pollen antigens was effective for both preventing allergic conjunctivitis and suppressing established disease in mice. Oral administration of transgenic rice seeds is thus a promising approach to immunotherapy for conjunctivitis and rhinitis induced by Japanese cedar pollen.
Positive allosteric modulators of nonbenzodiazepine γ-aminobutyric acidA receptor subtypes for the treatment of chronic pain
Authors: Johnstone Timothy B.C. , Xie Jennifer Y. , Qu Chaoling , Wasiak David J. , Hogenkamp Derk J. , Porreca Frank , Gee Kelvin W. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Chronic neuropathic pain may be caused, in part, by loss of inhibition in spinal pain processing pathways due to attenuation of local GABAergic tone. Nociception and nocifensive behaviors are reduced after enhancement of tonically activated extrasynaptic GABAAR-mediated currents by agonist ligands for δ subunit–containing GABAARs. However, typical ligands that target δ subunit–containing GABAARs are limited due to sedative effects at higher doses. We used the spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and gp120 models of experimental neuropathic pain to evaluate compound 2-261, a nonbenzodiazepine site positive allosteric modulator of α4β3δ GABAARs optimized to be nonsedative by selective activation of β2/3-subunit–containing GABAARs over receptor subtypes incorporating β1 subunits. Similar levels of 2-261 were detected in the brain and plasma after intraperitoneal administration. Although systemic 2-261 did not alter sensory thresholds in sham-operated animals, it significantly reversed SNL-induced thermal and tactile hypersensitivity in a GABAAR-dependent fashion. Intrathecal 2-261 produced conditioned place preference and elevated dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens of nerve-injured, but not sham-operated, rats. In addition, systemic pretreatment with 2-261 blocked conditioned place preference from spinal clonidine in SNL rats. Moreover, 2-261 reversed thermal hyperalgesia and partially reversed tactile allodynia in the gp120 model of HIV-related neuropathic pain. The effects of 2-261 likely required interaction with the α4β3δ GABAAR because 2-301, a close structural analog of 2-261 with limited extrasynaptic receptor efficacy, was not active. Thus, 2-261 may produce pain relief with diminished side effects through selective modulation of β2/3-subunit–containing extrasynaptic GABAARs.