bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EPHA3 enhances macrophage autophagy and apoptosis by disrupting the mTOR signaling pathway in mice with endometriosis
Authors: Xu Hongmei , Gao Yongmei , Shu Yang , Wang Yi , Shi Qingyang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic fibrotic disease characterized by agonizing pelvic pain and low fertility, mainly affecting middle-aged women. The aim of the present study is to assess the potential effects of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A3 (EPHA3) on endometriosis, with emphasis on the autophagy and apoptosis of macrophages via inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.
Methods: The mouse models of endometriosis were established followed by culturing the macrophages and macrophage transfection via the EPHA3 vector, siRNA EPHA3, and RAPA (an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathway). The expression of EPHA3, related factors in the mTOR signaling pathway, macrophage autophagy (autophagy-related gene 3 (Atg3), light chain 3-I (LC3-I), light chain 3-II (LC3-II) and Beclin1) and apoptosis (B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2), bax and fas) were all detected and documented, respectively. The changes of autophagic lysosomes and the apoptosis of macrophages in each group following transfection were also inspected and detected.
Results: The results of the in silico analysis ascertained EPHA3 to be a candidate gene of endometriosis. After successful modeling, the uterine tissues of endometriosis mice presented with a low expression of EPHA3 and activated mTOR signaling pathway. Overexpression of EPHA3 inhibited the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, down-regulated bcl-2 expression, up-regulated the expression of Atg3, LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1, bax and fas, and also promoted the autophagy and apoptosis of macrophages in endometriosis mice.
Conclusion: Altogether, EPHA3 could potentially promote the autophagy and apoptosis of macrophages in endometriosis via inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway, highlighting the potential of EPHA3 as the target to treat endometriosis.
Dual-strand tumor suppressor miR-193b-3p and -5p inhibit malignant phenotypes of lung cancer by suppressing their common targets
Authors: Choi Kyung Hee , Shin Chang Hoon , Lee Woo Joo , Ji Haein , Kim Hyeon Ho 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Emerging studies suggest that microRNAs (miRNAs) play multiple roles in cancer malignancy, including proliferation and acquisition of metastatic potential. Differentially expressed miRNAs responsible for the malignancy of lung cancer were searched by miRNA microarray using a previously established brain metastatic lung cancer model. Twenty-five miRNAs were down-regulated in brain metastatic lung cancer cells. Among those, miR-193b-3p and -5p were chosen for further studies. Their function in metastatic potential and proliferation was examined using Transwell invasion, wound healing, and colony forming assays. The underlying mechanism of tumor-suppressor miR-193b-3p and -5p was explored using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blot, Argonaute 2-RNA immunoprecipitation (Ago2-RIP), and reporter assays. Both strands of miR-193b were down-regulated in brain metastatic lung cancer cells and in tissues from lung cancer patients. Overexpression of miR-193b-3p and -5p inhibited invasive and migratory activities and diminished clonogenic ability. Conversely, inhibition of miR-193b-3p or -5p increased the metastatic potential and colony forming ability. Cyclin D1 (CCND1), Ajuba LIM Protein (AJUBA), and heart development protein with EGF like domains 1 (HEG1) were identified as common target genes of miR-193b-3p and -5p. A reporter assay and an Ago2-RIP experiment showed that both miRNAs directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNA. Knockdown of target gene reduced the proliferative and metastatic potential of primary and metastatic lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrate miR-193b is a dual-strand tumor suppressor and a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer.
Relationship between red cell distribution width and prognosis in patients with breast cancer after operation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yao Deshun , Wang Zhiwu , Cai Haifeng , Li Ying , Li Baosheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We retrospectively enrolled 825 breast cancer patients, who was primarily diagnosed in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2014 and explored the relationship between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and long-term prognosis in patients with breast cancer. There were 412 patients with high RDW (RDW &gt; 13.82) and 413 patients with low RDW (RDW ≤ 13.82). Compared with low RDW group, the high w group has large tumor size (the rate of tumor size &gt;2 cm: 60.7 vs 44.8%, P=0.013). The rate of lymph node metastases was higher in the high RDW group thaten that in the low RDW group (62.1 vs 45.8%, P=0.000). RDW was positively associated with tumor stage. The high RDW tended to be advanced stage (P=0.000). Compared with low RDW group, the high RDW group tended to be higher lymphocyte count (P=0.004), elevated fibrinogen (P=0.043), and elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P=0.000). The Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated elevated RDW was positively associated with disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.004) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.011). The multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the high RDW group had poorer OS (Hazard risk [HR] = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.62–3.21; P=0.024) and DFS (HR = 1.89; 95% CI: 1.28–3.62; P=0.000) compared with low RDW group. The present study found that high pretreatment RDW levels in breast cancer patients were associated with poor OS and DFS. RDW could be a potential predictive factor in differential diagnosis of poor prognosis from all patients.
Functional Anatomy Underlying Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics and Swallowing Performance Goals
Authors: Pearson William G. , Griffeth Jacline V. , Ennis Alexis M. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction requires a thorough understanding of the functional anatomy underlying the performance goals of pharyngeal swallowing. These goals include the safe and efficient transfer of a bolus through the hypopharynx into the esophagus. Penetration or aspiration of a bolus threatens swallowing safety. Bolus residue indicates swallowing inefficiency. Several primary mechanics, or elements of the swallowing mechanism, underlie these performance goals, with some elements contributing to both goals. These primary mechanics include velopharyngeal port closure, hyoid movement, laryngeal elevation, pharyngeal shortening, tongue base retraction, and pharyngeal constriction. Each element of the swallowing mechanism is under neuromuscular control and is therefore, in principle, a potential target for rehabilitation. Secondary mechanics of pharyngeal swallowing, those movements dependent on primary mechanics, include opening the upper esophageal sphincter and epiglottic inversion.

Conclusion
Understanding the functional anatomy of pharyngeal swallowing underlying swallowing performance goals will facilitate anatomically informed critical thinking in the rehabilitation of pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction.
Estimation of ionospheric delay of NavIC/IRNSS signals using the Taylor Series Expansion
Authors: Desai Mehul V. , Shah Shweta N. 
Published: July 2019

The delay in Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)/Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) signals due to the ionosphere are decisive because it leads to significant changes in the positional accuracy of the system. In this paper, we try to estimate the ionospheric time delay (ionodelay) precisely using the local Taylor Series Expansion (TSE) algorithm for a single frequency NavIC/IRNSS system. The performance of the local TSE algorithm is examined by considering two cases. In case I, the TSE was validated under the influence of an intense geomagnetic storm (8 September 2017) by considering NavIC/IRNSS data from the Indian equatorial and Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) regions. In case II, based on the quiet and disturbed days data, the local TSE model was examined at different locations in the local area (<10 km) using two NavIC/IRNSS receivers (i.e. reference and rover). The results of ionodelay and positional accuracy (Three Dimensional Distance Root Mean Square [3DRMS], Circular Error Probability [CEP], and Spherical Error Probability [SEP]) of NavIC/IRNSS for both the cases indicates that the single frequency local TSE algorithm performs the same as the reference dual frequency model, where as the global eight coefficient Klobuchar and the regional Grid Ionospheric Vertical Error (GIVE) model behaves differently. Therefore, the single-frequency TSE model improves the performance of the NavIC/IRNSS receiver in the local area, and the mathematical coefficient computation and additional frequency hardware cost have been reduced, with the acceptance of a maximum 0.8 m of errors.
Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose – Herausforderungen von pflegenden Angehörigen
Authors: Baumann Lisa , Klösch Michael , Greger Markus , Dieplinger Anna , Lorenzl Stefan 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit amyotropher Lateralsklerose (ALS) kann es im Krankheitsverlauf zum Auftreten von Veränderungen im Verhalten und in der Kognition kommen. Ein Teil der Betroffenen entwickelt eine Frontotemporale Demenz. Für die pflegenden Angehörigen stellen diese Veränderungen eine zusätzliche Herausforderung dar.
Ziel der Arbeit Beschreibung der Auswirkungen von krankheitsbedingten Veränderungen in Kognition und Verhalten auf das emotionale Befinden der pflegenden Angehörigen und die genaue Erörterung der resultierenden Belastungen.
Methodik In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mittels verschiedener Suchbegriffe in diversen Datenbanken recherchiert. Im Ergebnisteil erfolgt die Synthese der eingeschlossenen zehn Studien zur Beantwortung des Forschungsinteresses. Die Diskussion umfasst die weitere Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik unter Einbeziehung ergänzender Literatur.
Ergebnisse Veränderungen im Verhalten und in der Kognition können die Entstehung einer Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik bei pflegenden Angehörigen begünstigen. Des Weiteren verweisen die Ergebnisse der Studien auf einen Zusammenhang von Apathie, Enthemmung und exekutiven Dysfunktionen mit einem gesteigerten Belastungsempfinden bei pflegenden Angehörigen.
Schlussfolgerung Veränderungen im Verhalten und in der Kognition bei Patienten mit amyotropher Lateralsklerose wirken sich negativ auf das emotionale Befinden der pflegenden Angehörigen aus und tragen zu einem erhöhten Belastungsempfinden bei. Hinsichtlich dieser krankheitsbedingten Veränderungen bedarf es einer frühzeitigen und ausführlichen Aufklärung der Betroffenen.
Cucurbita pepo–Rhus aromatica–Humulus lupulus Combination Reduces Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Women – A Noninterventional Study
Authors: Gauruder-Burmester Annett , Heim Stefan , Patz Brigitte , Seibt Stephanie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis prospective, noninterventional, multicenter 12-wk study in women with overactive bladder investigated the effectiveness of Granu Fink femina, a herbal combination of seed oil from Uromedic pumpkin (cultivar of Cucurbita pepo), Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumach) bark extract, and Humulus lupulus (hop) cone extract in a clinical setting. Patients documented overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life using questionnaires as well as diaries recording day- and nighttime micturition frequencies, urine leakages during physical activity or at sneezing or coughing, and use of incontinence pads. The full analysis set included 117 women (age: 21 – 78 y). Urination frequency decreased significantly with improvement during daytime in 49, 71, and 77 (out of 99) patients and at night in 45, 63, and 70 (out of 100) patients after 1, 6, and 12 wk, respectively. The mean frequency of leakages and used pads decreased significantly from 0.9 leakages and 2.0 pads at baseline to 0.4 leakages and 1.4 pads after 12 wk. In all measured aspects of overactive bladder-related quality of life, (coping, concern, sleep, social), statistically significant improvement was reached after 1 wk, with further improvement at 6 and 12 wk. Ninety-nine percent of the physicians and 95.4% of the patients rated tolerability as “very good” or “good”. Treatment with Granu Fink femina progressively improved overactive bladder symptoms and related quality of life with significant improvements already after 1 wk. Based on these effects and the observed excellent tolerability profile, Granu Fink femina may be considered a valuable therapeutic option for overactive bladder.
Analysis of Failed Microvascular Decompression in Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Huang Zhenyu , Pu Benfang , Li Fusheng , Liu KaiZhang , Hua Chunhui , Li Changhua , Zhao Changyi , Li Jie , Li Xinyuan 
Published: July 2019

Background Microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely accepted as a definitive therapy for primary trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, some patients may not experience relief of TN symptoms following surgery. In this study, the findings of redo MVD are discussed.Methods Between 2015 and 2017, 205 patients with primary TN underwent MVD surgery in Shanghai Tongren Hospital. Among these patients, 187 had immediate complete relief of symptoms, 8 improved apparently, and 10 reported no symptom relief. Of the 10 patients without relief, 6 underwent reoperation within 5 days, 2 underwent reoperation 3 months after the first procedure, and 2 refused to undergo reoperation.Results The symptoms of those patients who received reoperation disappeared immediately after the surgery. In the second operations, new conflict sites at the motor roots were found in five cases. The real offending vessels were the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) or branch of the SCA in seven cases and the petrosal vein in one case. The nerve was not decompressed completely in either of the two cases. At the 12-month follow-up, no recurrence was found. For the other two patients who did not have reoperation, their symptom persisted. Postoperative complications showed no significant differences between the first and second operations.Conclusion Compression of the motor roots might be one of the causes of TN. Thorough exploration of both sensory and motor roots of the trigeminal nerve is essential to performing a successful MVD operation. Early reoperation for resistant TN after MVD does not increase the incidence of complications.
Contestation of Rhetoric within the Chinese Tradition: An Overview of Confucian Moralistic Rhetoric, Daoist Transcendental Rhetoric, and Mohist Utilitarian Rhetoric
Authors: Lu Xing 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews and compares diverse rhetorical conceptualizations within Chinese rhetorical tradition during the fifth to third century B.C.E. Textual evidence shows that three schools of thoughts, namely Confucianism, Daoism, and Mohism, have contested with and challenged one another on the components and functions of rhetoric. Confucianism is more concerned with the moral character of the speaker while Mohism claims that rhetoric is used for mutual benefit and contains a rational element. Daoism, on the other hand, approaches rhetoric with a transcendental and dialectical outlook. This overview demonstrates the multi-faceted characteristics of ancient Chinese rhetoric.
“Go Home, Purūravas”: Heterodox Rhetoric of a Late Rigvedic Dialogue Hymn
Authors: Thornton Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This essay attempts to de-link the study of the Rigveda from both colonial philology and ongoing Hindu nationalist projects. It brings the rhetoric of form, especially as theorized by Kenneth Burke, to open up space for critics and commentators with a broader range of relationships to Brahmanical liturgy. To further the goal of delinking, it first narrows the scope of analysis to dialogue hymns, which are reminiscent of debates found within Buddhist conversion narratives rendered in versified Sanskrit. It then centers formal linguistic figures that these two layers of Sanskrit poetry have in common. Finally, conceptualizing these formal devices, it uses analytic categories from a South Asian critical tradition (alaṃkāraśāstra). Framed and constrained in this manner and applied to the (ex-)lovers’ quarrel of Purūravas and Urvaśī (in R.V. 10.95), a Burkean analysis reveals an exchange that both satisfies the “appetites” and allays the concerns of conservative audiences, who otherwise might fear that their wives could follow Urvaśī’s example and happily part with their wedded partners-in-sacrifice.
The preliminary study of waste ash of Mpanau steam power plant (Mpanau PLTU)
Authors: Ningsih P , Said I , Aminah S , Tasrik  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Coal Steam Power Plan is nowadays very important because it serves electricity in certain areas in Indonesia. Mpanau Coal Steam Power Plan (Mpanau PLTU) located at Palu (Central Sulawesi, Indonesia) which is a source of electricity for the people who live in Palu and its surrounding area. The energy source of PLTU derived from coal which is a fossil fuel. The use of coal as an energy source creates some environmental problems such as the ash waste (bottom ash and fly ash). Characterization of waste ash from fly ash and bottom ash in qualitatively and quantitatively ways is the first step to evaluate the environmental impacts related to environmental and biological contamination risk. In this research, silica concentration (SiO2) has been determined after separation method by extraction of both ashes from Mpanau PLTU. Silica concentration of bottom ash and fly ash sample was 21.31% and 29.85% respectively. Furthermore, the extraction silica was characterized by using Fourier Transmission Infra-Red (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) to see morphology.
Production of chitosanase from termophylic bacteria isolated from Bora Hotspring
Authors: Razak A R , Satrimafitrah P , Hardi J , Khoridah E N , Asmarni  , Gita M , Dahyana  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The production of chitosanase enzyme was carried out by utilizing isolate of thermophilic bacteria from Bora hot spring in order to determine the optimum condition of its production process. B1211 bacterial isolates with the highest Chitinolytic Index values of 1.71 were used in crude chitosanase production. The crude chitosanase production was performed using a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of four independent variables, in the form of chitosan substrate concentration (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%), agitation speed (60, 90, 120, and 150 rpm), fermentation time (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days), and fermentation temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60°C). The activity of chitosanase as dependent variable was determined by Schales method, which referred to standard curve of D-glucosamine. The results showed that 1% chitosan substrate concentration yielded crude chitosanase with the highest activity of 0.408 U/mL and dissolved protein content of 9.887 mg/mL. Furthermore, the best agitation speed (90 rpm) resulted in 0.385 U/mL chitosanase activity and dissolved protein content of 23.74 mg/mL. In the fermentation time treatment, the 5-day fermentation time resulted in the highest chitosanase activity of 0.384 U/mL with dissolved protein content of 36.52 mg/mL. The fermentation temperature determination showed that the temperature of 60 °C as the preferred treatment with chitosanase activity of 0.569 U/mL and dissolved protein content of 5.752 mg/mL.
Chalcogenide material as high photoelectrochemical performance Se doped TiO2/Ti electrode: Its application for Rhodamine B degradation
Authors: Muzakkar M Z , Umar A A , Ilham I , Saputra Z , Zulfikar L , Maulidiyah M , Wibowo D , Ruslan R , Nurdin M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this research to synthesize the Selenium (Se) doped TiO2/Ti electrode as a novel chalcogenide material by anodizing and dip-coating method. The electrode was applied for Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation test in high-photoelectrochatalytic (PEC) performance. It is found out that the morphology and element containing on Se-TiO2/Ti electrode has honeycomb structure with the element composition of Ti (51.09%), O (36.91%), and Se (12.00%), respectively. In addition, the PEC response test using Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) showed that the optical properties of Se-TiO2/Ti electrode was active under visible light, meanwhile the TiO2/Ti was active under ultraviolet (UV) light. The PEC test using Multi Pulse Amperometry (MPA) technique was exhibited that the 5 ppm RhB corresponded to the degradation of 73.27%.
Slope stability analysis through variational slope geometry using Fellenius Method
Authors: Alfat S , Zulmasri L O M , Asfar S , Rianse M S , Eso R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In previous research about analysis of slope stability on Lalingato Area, Tirawuta Districts, Kolaka Timur Regency, Sulawesi Tenggara, has been obtained slope instability with factor of safety between 0.38 - 0.64. This instability is caused by activity of geological structure, such as; joint. In the other hand, the effect of slope between 44 - 67 degrees are very influential. The study has conducted a theoretical investigation of the variation of slope form to minimize the landslide of slope. There were two schemes to investigate of slope stability as follows; (a) slope variation, and (b) slope terraces variation. The research has used Ms. Excel and Slide software. Based on the result of research was obtained that slopes with terraces will be easily stable. Meanwhile, if angle of the terraced slopes was given 35° - 44°, so factor of safety was 1.28 - 1.75. The future about the research will be developed to investigate slope stability with inhomogeneous material.
Evaluation on performance of cold storage box enveloped with phase change materials
Authors: Gunawati  , Dongoran A H , Setiawan A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Retailing temperature-sensitive-products such as sausages, milk, fishes, poultry, etc. requires extra energy for cooling. It is necessary to develop an-energy-efficient-design of cold storage box to preserve these products during transportation and retailing. This research aims to study the heat flow, temperature distribution and temperature changes within a 5 litter cold box featured by phase change material (PCM). The study begins with design and fabrication of cold box followed by testing and evaluation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. As energy storage, there are four models of 300 ml plastic-bottle filled with PCM i.e (i) plain bottles without holes and grooves, (ii) bottles with one hole, (iii) two-holes bottles with curvatures, and (iv) bottles with four holes without curvatures. There are two type of PCM was prepared to observe the temperature changes in the box, 100 % H2O and 10 vol.% NaCl in H2O. Experimental results show that adding 10 vol.% of NaCl enhances the effectiveness of energy discharging by 73% compared with pure water. CFD simulation explains in detail the temperature distribution and heat flow pattern of each PCM bottles types highlighting an important influence of the shape and number of holes on the rate of heat flow. The best performance of cold box is exhibited by 10% NaCl in H2O filled into plain bottle.
The effect of active layer thickness on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance
Authors: Ulum M S , Sesa E , Kasman  , Belcher W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effect of active layer thickness on the performance of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NP-OPV) devices based on Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as electron donor and 6,6-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as electron acceptor is reported. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed to peak for active layer thickness of around 100 nm, which is very similar to that obtained for bulk heterojunction devices. Increasing the thickness of the active layer beyond of 100 nm decreases the short circuit current, lowering PCE. Decrease in short circuit current and hence device efficiency of NP-OPV devices is due to the serial resistance of the device increase.