bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ Surfactant-based Solid Phase Microextraction of p-cresol in Human Plasma Prior to HPLC Analysis
Authors: Samadi Azam , Jouyban Abolghasem , Amirhaghiian Negar , Tayebi-Khosroshahi Hamid 
Published: June 2019

Background:Uremia is the outcome of the remaining of nitrogenous waste products that are normally removed by the kidneys. Para-cresol (4-methylphenol) can be regarded as a proteinbound uremic toxin. The p-cresol determination in sera is necessary since it is a marker of cardiovascular risk and overall mortality in hemodialysis patients. Among the reported methods, chromatographic ones especially HPLC techniques due to the high sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility have been extensively exploited in analysis of p-cresol in complex mixtures. However, an appropriate sample preparation prior to analysis is necessary for obtaining accurate and precise results.Methods:In this study, the appropriate precipitating agent for p-cresol determination in plasma samples was investigated. Then, in situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction followed by HPLCFL detection was developed and validated for the quantification of p-cresol in plasma samples.Results:According to the results, HCl/heat precipitation method was used for p-cresol microextraction from from plasma samples. In situ surfactant-based solid phase microextraction using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as extraction medium was proposed for pretreatment of plasma samples prior to analysis. The separation was achieved by isocratic elution with sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.8) and acetonitrile (20:80, v/v). Linearity was found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 0.5 to 8 μg mL-1 with the limit of detection and quantification of 0.324 and 0.422 μg mL-1, respectively. The variations for intra-day and inter-day precisions were both less than 8.2% and the extraction recoveries were more than 97%.Conclusion:A validated ISS-SPME followed by HPLC-FL detection reported to determine the total p-cresol concentration of human plasma samples. The traditional liquid-liquid extraction techniques are normally time consuming and require the use of large amounts of toxic organic solvents. In addition, the evaporation of extraction solvent and dissolving the analyte in the mobile phase is commonly used before HPLC analysis. Such a requirement makes the sample preparation process even more tedious and time consuming. ISS-SPME that is the developed ISS-SPE in micro scale, is a simple, rapid and effective sample preparation technique that is appropriate for HPLC-FL analysis.
Calorimetric Sensor for Ethanol Using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic Acid (NTA) Resin Immobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
Authors: Li YongJin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
A simple, fast and economic analytical method for the determination of ethanol
is important for clinical, biological, forensic and physico-legal purposes.

Methods:
Ni2+-NTA resin was used as an immobilization matrix for the simple one-step purification/
immobilization of his6-tagged ADH. Different alcohols with a concentration range of 0.5-50%
V/V, namely methanol, ethanol and propanol were measured using prepared ADH enzyme thermistor.
The ethanol content of Tsingtao beer was tested as a real sample containing alcohol. Reproducibility
and stability of prepared ADH enzyme thermistor were also investigated by repeated measurements.

Results:
In comparison to the controlled pore glass (a common used support for the immobilization
of enzyme) used in thermal biosensor, the use of Ni2+-NTA resin not only led to simple one-step purification/
immobilization by his6-tagged ADH binding to Ni2+-NTA resin, but also made the immobilizing
supports reusable. The prepared biosensor can be used to determine ethanol and methanol by
the calorimetric measurement. A linear range of 1 -32% (V/V) and 2-20% (V/V) was observed for
ethanol and methanol, respectively. The detection limits were 0.3% (V/V) and 1% (V/V) for ethanol
and methanol, respectively. The tested ethanol concentration of Tsingtao beer was 4.5% V/V, which
is comparable with the labeled alcohol by volume (ABV) 4.80%.

Conclusion:
Ni2+-NTA resin, as an immobilization matrix in ET sensor, provides a simple one-step
purification/immobilization for His6-tagged recombinase and a reusable immobilization matrix. The
prepared biosensor exhibits good repeatability and stability. Such a new biosensor shows great promise
for rapid, simple, and cost-effective analysis of ethanol and methanol, both in qualitative and in
quantitative tests.
Gompertz’ Hazard Law as a Network Principle of Aging
Authors: Korf Jakob , Sas Arthur A. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Life-spanning population survivorship curves (the number of survivors versus age) are conventionally regarded as a demographic issue. Most often, the term hazard, the relative mortality per age-interval, is used as a typical survivorship parameter. Population survivorship curves are construed from cross-sectional data (single event per individual; here, mortality).

Objective:
We tested (quantitatively) how Gompertz’ law describes the mortality pattern of a wide variety of organisms, some of them fed with lifespan affecting diets. Moreover, we tested (semi-quantitatively) whether Gompertz’ law describes the disintegration of a (biological) small-world network.

Methods:
The Gompertz tests, explored in demographic data of humans (male/female) and 4 animal species (mice, honeybees, fruit flies, houseflies), were analyzed with conventional software. The Gompertz law was examined in a small-world network model.

Results:
Gompertz' law applies to all cohorts; thus, with or without exposure to experimental conditions. It describes in all cohorts old-age slowing of mortality. Gompertz’ law is compatible with a gradual and random increase of connections in the network model.

Conclusion:
Old-age deceleration of mortality is a characteristic of many populations. Aging has to be understood as a lifetime increasing of excitatory or, alternatively, of decreasing inhibitory (biological) connections, thereby facilitating pathogenic mechanisms.
PERANAN DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DALAM MENGURANGI ANGKA KEKERASAN (Studi Deskriftif Analitis Pada Korban Pornografi dan Narkoba di Banda Aceh)
Authors: Mahlil Mahlil 
Published: June 2019

Kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak di Aceh terus meningkat. Tindak kekerasan tersebut termasuk pelecehan seksual yang terjadi pada anak dan perempuan di Aceh. salah satu penyebabnya adalah karena akses konten porno yang begitu mudah dan penyalahgunaan narkoba yang sangat memprihatinkan. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi Banda Aceh dan Pidie, dengan judul “PERAN DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PROVINSI ACEH DALAM MENGURANGI KASUS KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK AKIBAT FILM PORNO DAN NARKOBA(Studi Pada Kota Banda Aceh dan Kabupaten Pidie)”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan pendekatan deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran DP3AP2KB mencakup sosialisasi, layanan pengaduan dan penanganan. Pendekatan yang dilakukan dengan persuasif, selain itu juga dilakukan pendekatan religi. Faktor pendukung adalah dukungan mulai dari pihak kepolisian, SKPA, LSM dan unsur pimpinan gampong, sedangkan kendala yang dihadapi adalah disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman terhadap undang-undang KDRT dan undang-undang perlindungan anak.
Pendekatan Konseling Islam Lintas Budaya para Da'i Perbatasan terhadap Masyarakat Kabupaten Singkil
Authors: Andriyani Juli , Jarnawi Jarnawi 
Published: June 2019

Kondisi masyarakat di daerah perbatasan sangat heterogen baik suku, agama maupun budaya, dimana kondisi ini cenderung menimbulkan berbagai gesekan di tengah masyarakat. Sejumlah Da’i Perbatasan telah disebar di daerah perbatasan Provinsi Sumatera dan Aceh guna menegakan amr makruf nahi munkar. Kompetensi para Da’i Perbatasan sangatlah bervariatif. Kehadiran Da’i Perbatasan diharapkan mampu meredam konflik, menawarkan pandangan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan masyarakat, menumbuhkan sikap toleransi dan saling menghargai lewat pendekatan psiko, sosio, kultural dan religius, sehingga setiap gesekan kecil mampu diredam agar tidak menimbulkan masalah yang lebih besar. Akan tetapi, dewasa ini kehadiran dan kinerja Da’i Perbatasan tampaknya belum begitu optimal dalam membantu pemerintah menjaga integritas dan harmonisasi di tengah-tengah keberagaman masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini mengungkap permasalahan para Da’i Perbatasan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, upaya yang telah dilakukan Da’i Perbatasan dalam menghadapi berbagai persoalan yang timbul di tengah masyarakat dan konseling multi-kultur yang telah dilaksanakan para Da’i Perbatasan dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Diketahui bahwa (1) dedikasi Da’i Perbatasan yang lemah, kompetensi keilmuan yang terbatas, keahlian yang kurang mumpuni dan tantangan dari masyarakat yang multi-etnis serta pembinaan muallaf yang belum maksimal, (2) upaya yang dilakukan adalah pendekatan persuasif, dakwah mimbar, pengajian dan membudayakan wirid yasin di desa-desa serta bekerjasama dengan lembaga pendidikan/Dayah dalam mendidik anak-anak muallaf untuk menjadi santri, (3) Da’i Perbatasan selama ini telah berupaya membina hubungan baik dengan warga masyarakat di daerah perbatasan dengan melakukan kunjungan ke rumah warga, menghadiri acara pernikahan dan kematian, melakukan komunikasi di tempat-tempat umum dan warung kopi. Hal ini dilakukan atas inisiatif dan kebiasaan para da’i secara sendiri sendiri. Keyword : Konseling Islam Lintas Budaya, Da’i Perbatasan
STRATEGI BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL KABUPATEN (BNNK) ACEH SELATAN DALAM PENANGGULANGAN NARKOBA
Authors: Ismiati Ismiati 
Published: June 2019

Narkoba merupakan isu global yang semakin meresahkan semua pihak, karena berdampak pada psikososial yang menjadi ancaman serius bagi keselamatan manusia. Oleh karena itu memerlukan strategi pencegahan dan penanganan yang tepat agar tidak kalah cepat dengan pengedar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tugas dan fungsi Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten (BNNK) Aceh Selatan. Mendeskripsikan upaya-upaya dan strategi yang telah dilakukan dan implikasinya serta kendala yang dihadapi dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan narkoba. Selain itu untuk mengetahui prosedur penetapan rehabilitasi bagi pecandu dan syarat-syarat rehabilitasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data yang jadi informan adalah kepala bidang pencegahan, penyuluh bidang pencegahan dan kepala bidang rehabilitasi pada Badan Narkotika Nasional Kabupaten (BNNK) Aceh Selatan, serta masyarakat setempat yang pernah terlibat dalam program yang dilaksanakan BNNK Aceh Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor penyebab penyalahgunaan narkoba umumnya karena coba-coba dan pengaruh teman. Shabu-shabu umumnya digunakan oleh orang yang sudah bekerja usia remaja dan dewasa. Anak-anak banyak yang menghirup lem cap kambing. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah dan menangani yaitu mensosialisikan bahaya narkoba kepada masyarakat, siswa, dan perkantoran, melakukan razia, dan menyediakan klinik rawat jalan dan inap. Strategi yang digunakan mengadakan perlombaan di sekolah-sekolah ketika sosialisasi, membentuk satgas anti narkoba dan membentuk relawan di masyarakat dengan pelatihan, membagikan poster, banner yang berisikan pesan-pesan untuk menjauhi narkoba di setiap sekolah, puskesmas, kantor, dan rumah sakit. Melakukan tes urin, pemberantasan di jalan dan hotel. Implikasi dari upaya tersebut adalah partisipasi mayarakat meningkat untuk menjadi relawan anti narkoba, menurunnya angka rawat jalan dan inap. Prosedur penetapan rehabilitasi bagi pecandu adalah keluarga datang sendiri ke klinik BNNK, pihak rehabilitasi melakukan assesement awal yang dilakukan oleh Tim Assesment Terpadu (TAT) gabungan yang terdiri dari tim hukum dan tim medis untuk mengetahui tingkat kecanduan dan hasilnya sebagai dasar untuk menetapkan status pengguna dan mendapatkan rawat inap atau rawat jalan dan sebagai dasar status hukum pengedar dan korban. Korban yang harus rawat inap, dirujuk ke rehabilitasi yang mempunyai kerja sama dengan BNNK. Korban rawat jalan, dilakukan konseling 8-12 kali, tergantung hasil assesment awal. Jika korban cukup dengan intervensi, maka hanya dilakukan intervensi singkat. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk melapor dan merehabilitasi, masih adanya keterlibatan oknum penegak hukum, kurangnya SDM dikarenakan yang mengikuti pelatihan khusus masih terbatas, meningkatnya ladang ganja di beberapa daerah dan masih ada dari masyarakat yang takut untuk melapor pemilik ladang ganja, serta terbatasnya dana untuk upaya pencegahan.
Diabetes Prevalence by Leisure-, Transportation-, and Occupation-Based Physical Activity Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse U.S. Adults
Authors: Divney Anna A. , Murillo Rosenda , Rodriguez Fatima , Mirzayi Chloe A. , Tsui Emma K. , Echeverria Sandra E. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been shown to prevent or delay the development of diabetes. However, little research exists examining how other domains of PA (e.g., occupation based [OPA] and transportation based [TPA]) are associated with diabetes prevalence across diverse racial/ethnic groups. We examined associations between OPA, TPA, and LTPA and diabetes prevalence and whether associations differed by race/ethnicity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants in the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) self-reported domain-specific PA. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported doctor/health professional–diagnosis of diabetes or a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Multivariable log binomial models examined differences in diabetes prevalence by PA level in each domain and total PA among Latinos (n = 3,931), non-Latino whites (n = 6,079), and non-Latino blacks (n = 3,659).

RESULTS
Whites reported the highest prevalence of achieving PA guidelines (64.9%), followed by Latinos (61.6%) and non-Latino blacks (60.9%; P &lt; 0.0009). Participants achieving PA guidelines were 19–32% less likely to have diabetes depending on PA domain in adjusted models. Diabetes prevalence was consistently higher among non-Latino blacks (17.1%) and Latinos (14.1%) compared with non-Latino whites (10.7%; P &lt; 0.0001), but interaction results showed the protective effect of PA was similar across PA domain and race/ethnicity—except within TPA, where the protective effect was 4% greater among non-Latino whites compared with Latinos (adjusted difference in risk differences 0.04, P = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
PA policies and programs, beyond LTPA, can be leveraged to reduce diabetes prevalence among all population groups. Future studies are needed to confirm potentially differential effects of transportation-based active living on diabetes prevalence across race/ethnicity.
Aerobic Fitness and Adherence to Guideline-Recommended Minimum Physical Activity Among Ambulatory Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jarvie Jennifer L. , Pandey Ambarish , Ayers Colby R. , McGavock Jonathan M. , Sénéchal Martin , Berry Jarett D. , Patel Kershaw V. , McGuire Darren K. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
Lifestyle intervention remains the cornerstone of management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, adherence to physical activity (PA) recommendations and the impact of that adherence on cardiorespiratory fitness in this population have been poorly described. We sought to investigate adherence to PA recommendations and its association with cardiorespiratory fitness in a population of patients with T2DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized clinical trial (NCT00424762) was performed. A total of 150 individuals with medically treated T2DM and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or risk factors for ASCVD were recruited from outpatient clinics at a single academic medical center. All individuals underwent a graded maximal exercise treadmill test to exhaustion with breath-by-breath gas exchange analysis to determine VO2peak. PA was estimated using a structured 7-Day Physical Activity Recall interview.

RESULTS
Participants had a mean ± SD age of 54.9 ± 9.0 years; 41% were women, 40% were black, and 21% were Hispanic. The mean HbA1c was 7.7 ± 1.8% and the mean BMI, 34.5 ± 7.2 kg/m2. A total of 72% had hypertension, 73% had hyperlipidemia, and 35% had prevalent ASCVD. The mean ± SD reported daily PA was 34.3 ± 4 kcal/kg, only 7% above a sedentary state; 47% of the cohort failed to achieve the minimum recommended PA. Mean ± SD VO2peak was 27.4 ± 6.5 mL/kg fat-free mass/min (18.8 ± 5.0 mL/kg/min).

CONCLUSIONS
On average, patients with T2DM who have or are at risk for ASCVD report low levels of PA and have low measured cardiopulmonary fitness. This underscores the importance of continued efforts to close this therapeutic gap.
Blood pressure monitoring during liver transplantation: the method of measurement does matter
Authors: Katin M. L. , Dzyadz`ko A. M. , Gurova M. Yu. , Rummo O. O. 
Published: June 2019

Introduction. Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurements are the mainstay for the efficient management of abrupt changes of hemodynamics and perfusion during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Material and methods. The prospective study included 39 patients. We compared the BP values measured in the femoral and radial arteries during the different phases of the OLT.Results. The central systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured invasive in the femoral artery were significantly higher than those measured in the peripheral artery during the anhepatic phase (95.1±10.6 vs. 84.5±9.9 mm Hg, and 66±8.8 vs. 59.7±7.1 mm Hg, respectively), after 5 minutes of reperfusion (91.1±17.3 vs. 78.5±18.4 mm Hg, and 63.9±13.1 vs. 57.7±13.6 mm Hg, respectively), and after 15 minutes of reperfusion (102.2±16.8 vs. 88.1±14.4 mm Hg, and 67.7±10.7 vs. 62.5±10.4 mm Hg, respectively). We found a strong correlation between the differences of SAP and MAP and the dose of norepinephrine administered during the anhepatic phase (r=0.76 and r=0.77 for SAP and MAP, respectively), and after 5 minutes of reperfusion (r=0.71 and r=0.52 for SAP and MAP, respectively). The difference between central and peripheral BPs after 15 minutes of reperfusion mainly depended on the changes in the potassium concentration (r=0.55 for SAP and MAP) and base deficiency (r=0.73 and r=0.82 for SAP and MAP, respectively).Conclusion. Thus, it was proved that the invasive measurement of BP in the femoral artery is a more accurate method compared with that in the radial artery as it is less exposed to high doses of vasopressors and variations in the acid-base state during OLT.
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN ANAK USIA DINI BERBASIS KECERDASAN MAJEMUK (MULTIPLEINTELLIGENCES)
Authors: Prima Ellen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract: Education is a very important thing for children or adults. Education becomes one of the capital for a person to be successful and able to achieve success in his life. Especially Early Childhood Education (PAUD) has developed rapidly. PAUD service is a coaching effort aimed at children from birth up to the age of six that is done through the provision of educational stimulus to assist growth and physical and spiritual development so that children have readiness in entering further education. Therefore, early childhood with their respective potential needs to be given a friendly learning and appreciate every potential of their intelligence. The purpose of this study is to improve the activity and creativity of early childhood education based on multiple intelligences and provide knowledge about the application of learning based on multiple intelligences. This research uses qualitative method of descriptive type. The results of this study indicate that the application of early childhood learning based on multiple intelligences requires educators must have the power of creativity by using various teaching methods that vary.Key words :learning, multiple intelligences, early childhood

Abstrak:Pendidikan adalah hal yang sangat penting untuk diperoleh anak-anak ataupun orang dewasa. Pendidikan menjadi salah satu modal bagi seseorang agar dapat berhasil dan mampu meraih kesuksesan dalam hidupnya. Khususnya Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Layanan PAUD merupakan suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai dengan usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut. Oleh karena itu, anak usia dini dengan potensinya masing-masing perlu diberikan adanya pembelajaran yang ramah dan menghargai setiap potensi kecerdasan yang mereka miliki.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan kreativitas pembelajaran PAUD berbasis kecerdasan majemuk anak dan memberikan pengetahuan tentang penerapan pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan majemuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif jenis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran anak usia dini berbasis kecerdasan majemuk menuntut pendidik harus memiliki daya kreativitas dengan menggunakan berbagai metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi. Kata kunci : pembelajaran, kecerdasan majemuk, anak usia dini
PERENCANAAN PROGRAM KEGIATAN RESPONSIF GENDER
Authors: Wiyani Novan Ardy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract: This paper is structured to provide a description of the planning of gender responsive early childhood programs. The hope is that gender responsive early childhood education programs can shape and develop a gender equitable early childhood outlook. This can be done by preparing a gender responsive early childhood program planning. There are three designs of gender responsive early childhood programs. First, the design of the gender responsive thematic program planning. In this planning design, teachers conceived two gender-responsive themes, namely the theme of my profession and the theme of my hero. Second, the design of gender responsive habits planning program. In this planning design teachers conduct routine annual habituation activities by carrying out carnival activities in order to commemorate the independence day of the Republic of Indonesia and carry out the commemoration activities of Kartini Day. Third, the design of gender responsive parent involvement program planning. There are three design activities in this planning design, namely father day, cooking day, and my father is my teacher.Keywords: planning, activities, early childhood, gender

Abstrak: Tulisan ini disusun untuk memberikan deskripsi tentang perencanaan program kegiatan PAUD responsif gender. Harapannya, program kegiatan PAUD responsif gender dapat membentuk dan mengembangkan pandangan pada anak usia dini yang adil gender. Hal itu dapat dilakukan dengan menyusun perencanaan program kegiatan PAUD responsif gender. Ada tiga desain perencanaan program kegiatan PAUD responsif gender. Pertama, desain perencanaan program pembelajaran tematik responsif gender. Pada desain perencanaan ini guru PAUD memunculkan dua tema yang responsif gender, yaitu tema profesiku dan tema pahlawanku. Kedua, desain perencanaan program pembiasaan responsif gender. Pada desain perencanaan ini guru PAUD melaksanakan kegiatan pembiasaan rutin yang bersifat tahunan dengan melaksanakan kegiatan karnaval dalam rangka memperingati hari kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia dan melaksanakan kegiatan peringatan hari Kartini. Ketiga, desain perencanaan program pelibatan orang tua responsif gender. Ada tiga desain kegiatan pada desain perencanaan ini, yaitu father day, cooking day, dan my father is my teacher.Kata kunci: perencanaan, kegiatan, anak usia dini, gender