bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing disparities in representation in knowledge generation and guideline development
Authors: Almeida Carlos P. B. , Andom Afom T. , Casseus Alain , Do Jacquelyn-My , Gelin Alain , Lecca Leonid , Luma Maxo , Mazzi Michael , Mitnick Carole D. , Mugunga Jean Claude , Ndayizigiye Melino , Nguyen Natalie , Tamirat Meseret , Tefera Girum , Toussaint Sterman , Tovar Marco , Tzelios Christine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB) is a major global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and lower-middle-income countries (LLMICs). The World Health Organization (WHO) generates guidance to address the problem. Here, we explore the extent to which guidance and related knowledge are generated by experts living in the most-affected countries and consider the results in the context of the movement to decolonize global health.

Methods
We examined the composition of World Health Organization (WHO) MDR/RR-TB treatment Guideline Development Groups (GDGs) from 2016 to 2022. We classified GDG members according to the MDR/RR-TB burden and World Bank income level of the country of their institutional affiliation. We also searched PubMed to identify peer-reviewed publications from 2016 to 2023 which emanated from individual-patient-data meta-analysis like those done for Guideline review, and classified the publication authors according to the same indicators.

Results
There were 33 high-burden MDR/RR-TB countries during the time period. Of these, 72.1% were LLMICs and none was high-income. In contrast, only 30.3% of WHO GDG members and 10.4% of peer-reviewed publication authors were from LLMICs. Representatives from high-MDR/RR-TB-burden countries comprised 34.3% of WHO GDG members and 14.7% of authors of guideline-related publications.

Conclusions
The important imbalance between the geographical distribution of lived experience with MDR/RR-TB and the distribution of individuals generating knowledge and guidance on treatment of MDR/RR-TB can have clinical and resource implications. Countries may reject or defer guideline adoption because of a mismatch between that guidance and local disease epidemiology. Funding conditioned on compliance with guidelines can exacerbate health inequalities. The movement to decolonize global health considers representation disparities as epistemic injustice, that is unfair treatment in the process of generating, sharing, or receiving knowledge. Reform is possible in many of the institutions involved in generation of global health knowledge, such as: meaningful participation of LLMICs in projects as a requirement for research funding, improved attention to the epistemic and geographical location of journal editorial staff, and broader inclusion in guidelines committees. Better alignment of participation in knowledge generation with burden of disease holds potential for reducing inequality and improving relevance of guidance for the lived experience with MDR/RR-TB.
Association of radiomic features with genomic signatures in thyroid cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Luciano Neila , Orlandella Francesca Maria , Braile Mariantonia , Cavaliere Carlo , Aiello Marco , Franzese Monica , Salvatore Giuliana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
There is a growing interest on the association of radiomic features with genomic signatures in oncology. Using computational methods, quantitative radiomic data are extracted from various imaging techniques and integrated with genomic information to construct predictive models aimed at advancing diagnostic strategies in cancer patient management. In this context, the aim of this systematic review was to assess the current knowledge on potential application of this association in patients with thyroid cancer (TC).

Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted by querying three different databases (PubMed, Scopus and Embase) to identify studies published until June 2024, focusing on the potential association of radiomics and genomics in patients with TC. Pertinent data were subsequently extracted, and the methodological quality was evaluated using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2).

Results
From the initial analysis, a total of 853 papers were identified. After removing duplicates and applying eligibility criteria, we ultimately evaluated 7 articles. It was observed that the most commonly utilized imaging technique for TC examination was ultrasound (US), followed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Regarding genomic techniques, sequencing and polymerase chain reaction were the most commonly employed methods to validate genetic alterations. The association of radiomic features with genomic signatures demonstrated promising performance in predicting metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes or RET/PTC rearrangements. The effectiveness of models based on US-radiomic features in predicting BRAFV600E mutation in patients with TC requires further investigation.

Conclusion
Although this systematic review has several limitations, primarily related to the limited amount of available literature data, the association of radiomic features with genomic signatures demonstrates a potential as non-invasive tool to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of TC diagnosis and prognosis.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024572292.
Preoperative cognitive training for the prevention of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lau Ka To , Chiu Lok Ching Sandra , Fong Janet Shuk Yan , Chan Albert Kam Ming , Ho Kwok Ming , Lee Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) are associated with major morbidity and mortality after surgery. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether preoperative cognitive training could reduce POD and POCD in patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods
Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified from CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception to April 30, 2024. Two independent reviewers extracted data on trial characteristics and risk of bias for each trial. We rated the quality of reporting of cognitive training interventions using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) and evaluated the overall certainty (quality) of evidence using The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Random-effects models were used to summarize the treatment effect of cognitive training. Post hoc trial sequential analyses (TSA) were performed for POD and POCD to differentiate between “no evidence of effect” and “evidence of no effect.”

Results
Seven trials (four high risk and three unclear risk of bias) involving 864 participants (mean or median age between 66 and 73 years old) were considered eligible and subject to meta-analysis. The quality of reporting cognitive training interventions was fair to moderate. Most cognitive prehabilitation programs were home-based, unsupervised, computerized interventions requiring 2.3–10 h over 1–4 weeks before surgery. Cognitive prehabilitation did not reduce POD (risk ratio [RR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.18; I2 = 30%; low certainty of evidence in five trials) or early POCD after surgery (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.58–1.49; I2 = 67%; very low certainty of evidence in four trials) compared to usual care. Nonetheless, TSA suggested that the sample sizes were insufficient to exclude the effectiveness of preoperative cognitive training in reducing POD or POCD. The participants’ compliance rate was either not reported or mostly below 70%.

Conclusions
Current evidence is insufficient to determine the beneficial effect of preoperative cognitive training on POD or POCD. Given the well-established benefits of long-term cognitive training on cognition in the elderly, the design of future cognitive prehabilitation trials should be adequately powered and incorporated with strategies to improve patient compliance.
Conceptualizing mental health stigma in organizational settings: a sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Wu Jasper Zhao Zhen , Zayts-Spence Olga , Fortune Zoë 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sociolinguistic research on workplace mental health stigma is scarce and consequently, there are a lack of relevant conceptual models. Drawing on Goffman’s notion of stigma as a ‘language of relationships’, and Heller’s concept of ‘discursive space’, this paper offers a conceptual model of how stigma is produced and reinforced in workplace settings. Specifically, the model maps the complex discursive processes of mental health stigmatization through workplace discursive practices.

Methods
The model is empirically grounded and draws on 23 in-depth participant interviews with professional services employees in Hong Kong. Through a meta-discursive analysis of the employees’ experience in the workplace, the paper investigates how mental health stigma is produced in the workplace.

Results
Conceiving the workplace as a discursive space, the model demonstrates that mental health stigma unfolds across three discursive layers, namely immediate encounters, organizational practices, and societal ideologies. Mediated by discursive practices, such as identity management, stigma is both produced and perpetuated across the three layers.

Conclusions
The paper provides a model for analyzing the production of mental health stigma through dynamic discursive activities in the workplace. By doing so, it offers a way to systematically map how stigma, brought about through discourse in organizational settings, can regulate both interpersonal relationships and resource allocation (such as career prospects).
A qualitative exploration of active ingredients and mechanisms of action of an online singing programme with mothers experiencing postnatal depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: SHAPER-PNDO study
Authors: Burton Alexandra , Bind Rebecca H. , Davis Rachel , Greenwood Lorna , Lee Ching Yin , Estevao Carolina , Hazelgrove Katie , Miller Celeste , Priestley Kristi , Rebecchini Lavinia , Osborn Tim , Dye Hannah , Dazzan Paola , Woods Anthony , Crane Nikki , Pariante Carmine M. , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Social distancing restrictions and the suspension of in-person treatment and support contributed to an increase in postnatal depression during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Creative health interventions can help to alleviate anxiety and depression, with studies showing that singing is particularly effective for supporting the mental health of new mothers. We adapted an in-person group singing programme (Breathe Melodies for Mums (M4M)) to online delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic to support the mental health of new mothers, and, in a feasibility study, found improvements in postnatal depression (PND) symptoms at 6-month follow up. The current qualitative study aimed to explore how and why M4M-online impacted the mental health of those taking part.

Methods
We took a theory-based approach using the INgredients iN ArTs in hEealth (INNATE) Framework of ‘active ingredients’ and the Multi-level Leisure Mechanisms Framework of ‘mechanisms of action’ to identify and categorise intervention components and change mechanisms. Iterative consensus building between three researchers was complemented by qualitative semi-structured online interviews with 24 women experiencing PND symptoms who took part in M4M-online. Data were analysed inductively using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Consistency was found between the online and in-person interventions in active ingredients relating to project design, content, programme management and the composition of the group. Key differences were in the social and contextual ingredients. Psychological, social and behavioural mechanisms for improved mental health and wellbeing included: (1) Increased self-confidence as a mother, (2) Increased positive emotional responses, (3) A supported exploration of self-dentity, (4) Reduced loneliness and isolation, (5) Increased social bonding and connections with family and (6) Enhanced sense of time through new routines.

Conclusions
Participating in online group singing can support new mothers experiencing PND by triggering psychological, social and behavioural responses that lead to improved mental health. Key programme features are identified which can be used to design future online creative health interventions or tailor in-person activities for remote delivery to support populations who may face practical and social barriers to attending in-person.
Retinal cytoarchitecture is preserved in an organotypic perfused human and porcine eye model
Authors: Chan Darren , Zhang Jenny Wanyu , Won Gah-Jone , Sivak Jeremy M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPathobiology of the intact human retina has been challenging to study due to its relative inaccessibility and limited sample availability. Thus, there is a great need for new translational models that can maintain human retinal integrity and cytoarchitecture. The role of physiologic intraocular pressure (IOP) and fluid flow on retinal tissue has not been well studied. Here, we present an ex vivo organotypic model to assess the impact of physiological intraocular perfusion on retinal cytoarchitecture and cell survival. We demonstrate that retinal cytoarchitecture is remarkably well preserved following re-establishment of physiological IOP and aqueous humor dynamics for up to 24 h in ex vivo whole globe porcine and human eyes, comparable to freshly preserved control eyes. Accordingly, cell death was minimized in the perfused retinas, which also displayed normal markers of cellular metabolism and astrogliosis. These results are in marked contrast to contralateral control eyes without active perfusion, which displayed excessive cell death and disrupted cytoarchitecture at the same time point. These experiments demonstrate the critical impact that physiological pressure and fluid flow have on retinal tissue, and introduce a new pre-clinical model to study human and porcine retinal health and degeneration in a relevant biomechanical setting.
A single-base deletion in exon 2 of Hd1 delineates monogenic recessive photoperiod insensitivity in aromatic Joha rice: a novel allele for seasonal adaptability
Authors: Reddy Bodeddula Jayasankar , Baradkar Shreekant M. , Manogna Tamma V. S. S. , Bordoloi Dibosh , Bihani Subhash C. , Barua Nagendra Sarma , Baruah Akhil Ranjan , Das Bikram Kishore , Mondal Suvendu , Sarma Debojit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Assam's aromatic Joha rice is a unique rice class famous for its aroma, taste, and nutritional benefits, which fetch high market prices in domestic and international markets. Joha landraces are inherently poor yielders due to their strong aroma and predominantly photoperiod sensitivity. Hybridization involving non-aromatic HYVs improves yield with concomitant loss of quality. In this context, mutation breeding, a sustainable approach where genetic mutations are induced to create desirable traits, often provides useful allelic variation in specific morpho-agronomic traits. The present study delves into the genetic characterization of a photoperiod-insensitive mutant. As part of our mutation breeding programme, this mutant was isolated from a gamma ray-induced M2 population of a Joha rice landrace, Kon Joha.

Results
The mutant was unique, and a single recessive gene conditions the induced photoperiod insensitivity. Mutant gene tagging involved 402 SSR and InDel markers, and later polymorphic markers were used for bulk segregant analysis (BSA) in the F2 population of ‘mutant × Kalijeera (distant parent)’. BSA revealed an association between the SSR marker RM527 and this mutant trait. This marker is present on chromosome 6 of the rice genome. Using chromosome 6-specific SSR markers in polymorphic screening and BSA revealed another associated marker, RM19725, for the mutant trait. The genomic interval between RM527 and RM19725 harbors a photoperiod-insensitive gene, Hd1, on chromosome 6. Cloning and sequencing of Hd1 genomic fragments from the parents and mutants revealed a single-base deletion in exon 2, leading to a frameshift mutation in the Hd1 protein. This mutation in exon 2 leads to severe structural abnormalities in the CCT domain of the Hd1 protein that is critical for the interaction of the repressing complex with conserved response elements in the florigen gene under long-day conditions, thereby causing photoperiod insensitivity.

Conclusions
The mutant's pleasant aroma and other quality characteristics, comparable to those of the parent cultivar, hold significant promise. They expand its potential use in a structured breeding programme aimed at developing high-value aromatic Joha rice. This rice, resilient to winter- and summer-growing environments and with broad seasonal adaptability, could revolutionize the rice market. The practical value of our research is underscored by this exciting possibility.
Forecasting returns with machine learning and optimizing global portfolios: evidence from the Korean and U.S. stock markets
Authors: Chun Dohyun , Kang Jongho , Kim Jihun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study employs a variety of machine learning models and a wide range of economic and financial variables to enhance the forecasting accuracy of the Korean won–U.S. dollar (KRW/USD) exchange rate and the U.S. and Korean stock market returns. We construct international asset allocation portfolios based on these forecasts and evaluate their performance. Our analysis finds that the Elastic Net and LASSO regression models outperform traditional benchmark models in predicting exchange rate and stock market returns, as evidenced by their superior out-of-sample R-squared values. We also identify the key factors crucial for improving the accuracy of forecasting the KRW/USD exchange rate and stock market returns. Furthermore, a machine learning-driven global portfolio that accounts for exchange rate fluctuations demonstrated superior performance. Global portfolios constructed using LASSO (Sharpe ratio = 3.45) and Elastic Net (Sharpe ratio = 3.48) exhibit a notable performance advantage over traditional benchmark portfolios. This suggests that machine learning models outperform traditional global portfolio construction methods.
Humanitarian aid practices on the Thai-Myanmar border after the coup: beyond depoliticization and inequality
Authors: Hou Tingyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021, conflicts have escalated, leading to a contraction of humanitarian space. While local actors have increasingly played a crucial role in adapting to the crisis, they encounter significant constraints within the aid system. This study explores the complex dilemmas of humanitarian aid localization on the Thailand-Myanmar border, focusing on challenges related to unequal power dynamics and depoliticized bureaucratic practices. The research finds that bureaucratic and managerial approaches to depoliticization limit the autonomy of local actors, impair their decision-making capabilities, and reduce humanitarian issues to technical and administrative problems, neglecting the intricate political context of the border crisis. The tension between control and flexibility, intertwined with systemic inequalities, further marginalizes the political subjectivity of refugees, and hinders the effective advancement of the localization process. This paper argues that reforming the humanitarian aid system should shift beyond depoliticization and inequality, emphasizing the importance of respecting marginalized subjectivities to establish a genuine foundation of trust and achieve aid justice.
IL-33 triggers lung autophagy in anaphylaxis mice models
Authors: Haggag Nawal Zakaria , El-Shinnawy Nashwa Ahmed , Badr Gamal , Yousef Hany N. , Abd-Elhalem Sahar Sobhy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The relationship between the alarming cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) and lung autophagy in systemic anaphylaxis mouse models is not yet fully elucidated, hence, the current study attempts to explain the regulation of lung autophagy in systemic anaphylactic mouse models. IL-33 plays a critical role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy regulation via insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).

Results
The results of the present study confirmed the induction of systemic anaphylaxis in mice through the elevated mast cell mediators in the peritoneal lavage. Consequently, lung stress triggered IL-33 secretion that influenced autophagy markers; IGFBP-3, activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), autophagy related gene 4B (ATG4B), p62, microtubule-associated protein light chain3-II (LC3-II) as well as DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 1 (DRAM1).

Conclusion
This research is a trial to investigate lung autophagy in compound 48/80 or ovalbumin-induced systemic anaphylaxis mouse models and pay a particular attention to the role of IL-33 in lung autophagy in such models.

Graphical abstract
Changing epidemiology and treatment responses in autoimmune liver diseases: a 14-year retrospective analysis from a tertiary care center
Authors: Bahçeci Buğra Kaan , Küçükdemirci Ömer , Ustaoğlu Müge , Eruzun Hasan , Bektaş Ahmet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) over a 14-year period in a tertiary center. Additionally, we assessed factors influencing treatment response and relapse, with a particular focus on the rising incidence rates and gender distribution trends.

Materials and methods
A total of 120 patients diagnosed with autoimmune liver diseases between January 2005 and December 2018 were included in this single-center study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment responses were evaluated based on established criteria for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).

Results
The study revealed an increasing trend in AIH diagnoses, particularly among males, over across the two 7-year periods analyzed (2005–2011 vs 2012–2018). Despite standard treatment, a notable proportion of patients experienced treatment failure or relapse. Cirrhosis at diagnosis and delayed diagnosis were associated with poorer treatment responses. Furthermore, portal plasma cell infiltration on liver biopsy was significantly associated with relapse.

Discussion and conclusion
Our findings indicate an increasing prevalence of AIH, particularly among males, highlighting the need for early diagnosis and improved predictive markers for treatment response. The significant association between portal plasma cell infiltration and relapse warrants further investigation. Although limited by the study’s retrospective design and sample size, these results suggest that multicenter studies could provide valuable insights into the management of AILDs.