bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Kidney Transplant Outcome Based On Different DGF Definitions In Chinese Deceased Donation
Authors: Hu Xiao-jun , Zheng Jin , Li Yang , Tian Xiao-hui , Tian Pu-xun , Xiang He-li , Pan Xiao-ming , Ding Chen-guang , Ding Xiao-ming , Xue Wujun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background. Delayed graft function (DGF) is an important complication of kidney transplantation and can be diagnosed according to different definitions. DGF has been suggested to be associated with the long-term outcome of kidney transplantation surgery. However, the best DGF definition for predicting renal transplant outcomes in Chinese donations after cardiac death (DCDs) remains to be determined.
Method. A total of 372 DCD kidney transplant recipients from June 2013 to July 2017 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University were included in this retrospective study to compare 6 different DGF definitions. The relationships of the DGF definitions with transplant outcome were analyzed, including graft loss (GL) and death-censored graft loss (death-censored GL).Renal function indicators, including one-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and three-year eGFR, and were compared between different DGF groups.
Results. The incidence of DGF varied from 4.19% to 35.22% according to the different DGF diagnoses. All DGF definitions were significantly associated with three-year GL as well as death-censored GL. DGF based on requirement of hemodialysis within the first week had the best predictive value for GL (AUC 0.77), and DGF based on sCr variation during the first three days post-transplant had the best predictive value for three-year death-censored GL (AUC 0.79). Combination of the 48-h sCr reduction ratio and classical DGF can improve the AUC for GL (AUC 0.85) as well as the predictive accuracy for death-censored GL (83.3%).
Conclusion. DGF was an independent risk factor for poor transplant outcome. The combination of need for hemodialysis within the first week and the 48-h serum creatinine reduction rate has a better predictive value for patient and poor graft outcome.
Needs and skills of informal caregivers to care for a dependent person: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dixe Maria , Teixeira Liliana , Areosa Timoteo , Frontini Roberta , Peralta Teresa , Querido Ana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The world is facing many socio-demographic changes, such as an increased average life expectancy and the presence of chronic and non-communicable diseases, which in turn, leads to an enhanced dependency on others. Consequently, the demand for informal caregivers has significantly increased during the past few years. Caring for a dependent person is linked to a series of burdens that often leads to physical, psychological and emotional difficulties. Taking into consideration the difficulties faced by informal caregivers, knowing in which areas of functioning they need more guidance may help to relieve their burden. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to better understand the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver when caring for a dependent person in the different self-care domains. Methods: cross-sectional study using face-to-face interviews. Descriptive and inferential statistics alongside non-parametric statistical techniques such as the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s correlation were used. Results: The average age of the informal caregivers is 58 years old, with the youngest in our sample being 21 years of age. Most of them are female, and 50% of them are children taking care of one of their parents. Most of the dependent people are completely dependent in the areas of comfort and hygiene (53.8%) and medication management (55.9%). The female informal caregivers see themselves as having more competencies in sanitary hygiene than the male ones, with no significant differences in their competencies’ perception in the other areas of self-care. Older caregivers see themselves as less competent in certain areas of self-care such as feeding, mobility, transfers, medication and symptoms management and communication. Most part of the information given to the informal caregiver is about the disease (82.3%) and about the medication management (80.4%). There are still a lot of areas of self-care, where no information, or almost none, is given to the informal caregivers. Conclusions: Prior to home discharge of a dependent person, it is important to acknowledge the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver, to capacitate them in looking after their relatives, in order to help decrease their burden and consequently, decrease the number of hospital readmissions.
Working hard to belong: a qualitative study exploring students from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic backgrounds experiences of pre-registration physiotherapy education
Authors: Hammond John Anthony , Williams Annabel , Walker Saskia , Norris Meriel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background

Previous research has demonstrated that attainment inequalities exist for students from Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups in pre-registration physiotherapy education. While previous research has explored students from BAME backgrounds experience of university, the context of physiotherapy is unique and is under researched. Therefore the purpose of this study was to explore BAME student experiences during their physiotherapy training.Methods

Using a phenomenological approach pre-registration BSc and MSc students from BAME backgrounds from two universities who had completed both academic and clinical modules were invited to participate. Focus groups followed a topic guide developed from the literature and were facilitated by physiotherapy educators from outside the host institution. They were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Analytical triangulation was adopted throughout the research process as a mechanism to enhance rigour.Results

17 students participated from a range of self-identified BAME backgrounds that were also representative of age, gender and course. Themes derived from the data included: feeling an outsider in reflections of belonging, behaviours by others that marginalise BAME and personal strategies to integrate in physiotherapy despite the lack of power and influence. Collectively these themes demonstrate a range of challenges which students from BAME backgrounds face within both an academic and practice learning environment.Conclusions

While this may not be surprising based on other disciplines, this study demonstrates that studying physiotherapy as a student from BAME background requires persistence to overcome a series of many implicit challenges. Understanding the experiences of students from BAME backgrounds presents unique opportunities to educate the profession and co-create opportunities for a more diverse profession with practitioners and educators as role models. There is a need for greater training for educators to listen to these students’ voices and their stories, and understand where institutional structures and practices could be modified to enable BAME student inclusion in physiotherapy education and practice.
Improved Clinical Outcome Using Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined with Radiofrequency Ablation for Patients in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A or B Hepatocellular Carcinoma Regardless of Tumor Size: Results of a Single-center Retrospective Case Control Study
Authors: Ren Yanqiao , Cao Yanyan , Ma Hong , Kan Xuefeng , Zhou Chen , Liu Jiacheng , Shi Qin , Feng Gansheng , Xiong Bin , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background To determine the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (hereafter, TACE-RFA) in treating Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stage A or B (hereafter, BCLC A/B) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and to explore the range of tumor sizes suitable for combination therapy. Methods This retrospective study assessed the consecutive medical records of HCC patients with BCLC A/B who received TACE-RFA or TACE from September 2009 to September 2018. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), therapeutic response, and complications were compared between the two groups. Results Among 2447 patients who received TACE-RFA or TACE, 399 eligible patients were enrolled in our study, including 128 patients in the TACE-RFA group and 271 patients in the TACE group. Compared with the TACE group, the PFS and OS rates of 1,3,5,8 years in the TACE-RFA group were significantly better, with higher objective tumor regression rate and better disease control rate. RFA treatment did not increase the risk of death in patients with HCC, and both liver subcapsular hematoma and bile duct injury were improved by symptomatic treatment.. Serum α-fetoprotein level and treatment method were important independent prognostic factors for OS, whereas albumin, hepatitis B and treatment method were important independent prognostic factors for PFS. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the TACE-RFA group always showed better OS and PFS. Conclusions TACE-RFA had an advantage over TACE alone in prolonging PFS and improving OS in HCC patients with BCLC A/B, and can benefit patients regardless of tumor size.
Testing a pyriproxyfen auto-dissemination station attractive to gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto for the development of novel attract-and-kill strategies for malaria vector control
Authors: Mbare Oscar , Lindsay Steven W. , Fillinger Ulrike 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Larval source management is an effective supplementary tool for malaria vector control although it is not used widely in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored whether an attract-and-kill strategy could contaminate gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto with the insect growth regulator, pyriproxyfen, at a bait-station, for dissemination to larval habitats. Methods A bait-station comprising an artificial pond, containing water was treated with 20 ppm cedrol, an oviposition attractant, was covered with pyriproxfen-treated netting. Three identical semi-field cages were used to assess the potential of gravid Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto to transfer pyriproxyfen from the bait-station to three open ponds. Gravid females were released in the test and one of the control cages that had no pyriproxyfen on its bait-station. No mosquitoes were released in the third cage with a pyriproxyfen-treated station. Transfer of pyriproxyfen to open ponds was assessed by monitoring emergence of late instar insectary-reared An. gambiae sensu stricto larvae introduced into the open ponds. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify the amount of pyriproxyfen carried by a mosquito and the amount transferred to water. Results 86% (95% CI 81-89%) of larvae introduced into the open ponds in the two control cages developed into adults. Transfer of pyriproxyfen to the test cage depended on the distance of the pond from the bait-station. While only 25% (95% CI 22-29%) adult emergence was observed in larvae introduced into ponds 4.4 m from the bait-station, the emergence rates increased to 92% (95% CI 89-94%) in larvae introduced in ponds 10.3 m away. Each mosquito was contaminated with 112 µg (95% CI 93-123 µg) pyriproxyfen, whilst 230 ng/L (95% CI 180-290 ng/L) was transferred by a single female to 100 ml of water. Conclusions Pyriproxyfen was auto-disseminated by gravid females from attractive bait-stations, but mainly to aquatic habitats near the bait station. To make this approach feasible for malaria vector control, stronger attractants and better pyriproxyfen delivery systems are needed.
The relationship of the shear wave elastography findings of patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation and clinical characteristics
Authors: wang qingyuan , zhang jinxin , zhang hanqi , zheng hui , Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to find out whether the shear wave elastography (SWE) findings of patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH)were related to clinical characteristics .
Methods For this purpose,the study group included patients(N=20; 13 male, 7 female) with complaints of unilateral sciatica , with foraminal stenosis caused by one level of LDH (L4-L5 or L5-S1).An gender-and age-matched control group(N=27; 16 male, 11 female) was included.All the patients were examined on both the axial and longitudinal planes bilaterally at the same level using a convex array probe(1- 6MHz,Supersonic Imagine,Aix en Provence,France).
Results The sciatic nerve stiffness measured on longitudinal planes of the affected side was significantly higher than unaffected side (p < 0.001)and the control group (P<0.05).Furthermore,the symptom duration of unilateral LDH is positively correlated with the stiffness the sciatic nerve(r=0.52,p=0.019).
Conclusion According to these findings, ultrasound imaging can be considered as a useful tool to detect changes in the sciatic nerve due to disc herniation. This technique will have a promising prospect for many patients with unilateral LDH in monitoring stiffness during rehabilitation and before or after surgery.
Keywords Ultrasound 、Sciatic nerve、Shear wave elastography、lumbar disc herniation
Adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes is a rare but aggressive histologic subtype in colorectal cancer
Authors: Sheng Hui , Wei Xiaoli , Mao Minjie , He Jincan , Luo Tianqi , Lu Shilin , Zhou Liye , Huang Zhixin , Yang Anli 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Though there have been studies investigating the clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance of mucinous adenocarcinoma (MAC) and signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) compared with classic adenocarcinoma (CA), little is known about the prognosis of adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes (AM) and the differences among these four subtypes. Methods: The statistics of colorectal cancer registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were retrieved and analyzed. We also compared the clinicopathologic and prognostic relevance between CA, SRCC, MAC and AM. Results: The frequencies of these four subtypes were 69.9% (CA, n=15,812), 25.1% (MAC, n=5,689), 3.6% (SRCC, n=814) and 1.4% (AM, n=321). All of MAC, SRCC and AM were significantly related with aggressive features. Only SRCC and AM were independent poor prognostic markers for overall survival by multivariate analysis. The malignancy degree of AM was between MAC and SRCC according to the clinicopathologic associations. The prognosis of AM was significantly worse than MAC but comparable with SRCC. Conclusions: We confirmed the clinicopathologic relevance with aggressive features of MAC and SRCC, as well as the poor prognostic relevance of SRCC by analyzing a large study population. Furthermore, we identified AM as a rare but aggressive histologic subtype in colorectal cancer, which particular attention should be given in clinical practice.
Evaluation of free and total fluoride concentration in mouthwashes via measurement with ion-selective electrode
Authors: Reshetnyak Vladimir Yu. , Nesterova Olga V. , Admakin Oleg I. , Dobrokhotov Denis A. , Avertseva Irina N. , Dostdar Samira A. , Khakimova Dinara 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare free fluoride concentration and total fluoride concentration in mouthwashes.
Methods: Fluorine-containing mouthwashes from various companies and manufacturers (Colgate Total Plax Classic Mint®, Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA; Colgate Total Plax Gentle Mint®, Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA; Colgate Total Plax Fresh Mint®, Colgate-Palmolive, New York, USA; Oral B Advantage®, Procter&Gamble, Cincinnati, USA; Reach Fresh Mint®, Johnson&Johnson, New Brunswick, USA; Foramen®, Laboratorios Foramen, Guarnizo, Spain; Lacalut Sensitive®, Dr. THEISS, Homburg, Germany; Sensodyne®, GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK; Vesna F®, Vita, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Lacalut Fresh®, Dr. THEISS, Homburg, Germany) were selected as study objects. Fluoride measurements were carried out using the fluoride selective electrode.
Results: Free fluoride:total fluoride ratio was more than 80% for six samples (Colgate Total Plax Gentle Mint® - 88%, Colgate Total Plax Fresh Mint® - 99%, Oral B Advantage® - 92%, Reach Fresh Mint® - 92% and 89% for the mouthwash of another batch, Lacalut Sensitive® - 94%) and less than 63% for three samples (Colgate Total Plax Classic Mint® - 56%, Foramen® - 62%, Vesna F® - 61%). Two samples had more than 70% and less than 80% of unbound fluoride, respectively (Sensodyne® - 77%, another batch of Oral B Advantage® mouthwash - 74%). Rinse containing sodium monofluorophosphate (Na2PO3F) (Vesna F®) had more than 50% of free fluoride, while the rinse containing amine fluoride (AmF) (Lacalut Sensitive®) had 94%. The difference in the free fluoride:total fluoride ratio can be explained by binding of fluoride ions by components contained in mouthwashes, such as coloring agents and polymeric compounds. The lowest concentration of free fluoride ions (0.000093 mol/L) was observed for aluminum fluoride (AlF3) rinse (Lacalut Fresh®), while the total fluoride amount was not determined due to possible generation of strong fluoride complexes. This implies that fluoride ions will not be uptaken by tooth tissue and may even be washed away from it, compromising the efficacy of mouthwashes.
Conclusions: The differences in free fluoride: total fluoride ratio between analyzed mouthwashes reveal a need to develop a method for evaluation of free fluorides in mouthwashes for proper updating of national and international guidelines.
Validating surgical procedure codes for inflammatory bowel disease in the Swedish National Patient Register
Authors: Forss Anders , Myrelid Pär , Olén Ola , Everhov Åsa H , Nordenvall Caroline , Halfvarson Jonas , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Validating surgical procedure codes for inflammatory bowel disease in the Swedish National Patient Register Background: About 50% of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and about 20% of those with ulcerative colitis (UC) undergo surgery at some point during the course of the disease. The diagnostic validity of the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) has previously been shown to be high for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but there are little data on the validity of IBD-related surgical procedure codes. Methods: Using patient chart data as the gold standard, surgical procedure codes registered between 1966 and 2014 in the NPR were abstracted and validated in 262 patients with a medical diagnosis of IBD. Of these, 53 patients had reliable data about IBD-related surgery. The positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity and specificity of the surgical procedure codes were calculated. Results: In total, 158 codes were registered in the NPR. 155 of these, representing 60 different surgical procedure codes, were also present in the patient charts and validated using a standardized form. Of the validated codes 153/155 were concordant against the patient charts, corresponding to a PPV of 96.8% (95%CI=93.9-99.1). Stratified in abdominal, perianal and other surgery, the corresponding PPVs were 94.1% (95%CI=88.7-98.6), 100% (95%CI=100-100) and 98.1% (95%CI=93.1-100), respectively. Of 164 surgical procedure codes in the validated patient charts, 155 were registered in the NPR, corresponding to a sensitivity of the surgical procedure codes of 94.5% (95%CI=89.6-99.3). The specificity of the NPR was 98.5% (95%CI=97.6-100). Conclusions: Data on IBD-related surgical procedure codes are reliable, with the Swedish National Patient Register showing a high sensitivity and specificity for such surgery. Keywords: Epidemiology, Inflammatory bowel disease, Validation, National Patient Register, Procedure code
Increment of plasma glucose by exogenous glucagon is associated with present and future renal function in type 2 diabetes a retrospective study from glucagon stimulation test.
Authors: Takada Yasutaka , Fujita Yukihiro , Bessho Ryoichi , Sato Mao , Abe Tomoe , Yanagimachi Tsuyoshi , Sakagami Hidemitsu , Abiko Atsuko , Takiyama Yumi , Ota Tsuguhito , Haneda Masakazu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Glucagon stimulation test (GST) is often employed to assess the insulin reserve of the pancreatic beta cells in diabetic subjects. The clinical significance of the increment of plasma glucose (Δglucose) by exogenous glucagon during GST has not been elucidated. We investigated the relationship between Δglucoseand clinical parameters including the liver and renal function in type 2 diabetic subjects, since we hypothesized that Δglucoseis associated with the liver and renal function reflecting the capacity for gluconeogenesis in the organs.
Methods: A total of 209 subjects with type 2 diabetes who underwent GST during admission were included in this cross-sectional study. We defined the difference between plasma glucose at fasting and 6 min after intravenous injection of 1 mg glucagon as Δglucose. We assessed correlations between Δglucoseand clinical parameters such as diabetic duration, BMI, HbA1c, beta cell function, serum free fatty acids (FFA) which is known to stimulate gluconeogenesis, liver function, the indices of liver function, renal function, and urinary albumin excretion (UAE).
Results: In correlation analysis, Δglucosepositively correlated to FFA and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), but inversely to serum creatinine and cystatin C, although Δglucoseshowed no correlation with both liver function and the indices of residual liver function. Multiple regression analysis revealed that Δglucose was an independent determinant for the eGFR after 1 year, equally BMI, HbA1c, serum lipids, and UAE, which are known as the predictors for the development of chronic kidney disease.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that Δglucoseduring GST might be related to gluconeogenesis in the kidney and could be the determinant of future renal function in type 2 diabetes.