bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric outcome in patients with a unicornuate uterus after laparoscopic resection of a rudimentary horn
Authors: Sawada Masaaki , Kakigano Aiko , Matsuzaki Shinya , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Mimura Kazuya , Kumasawa Keiichi , Endo Masayuki , Ueda Yutaka , Yoshino Kiyoshi , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimPrevious studies have shown adverse obstetric outcomes of the laparoscopic resection of a rudimentary horn. Our study aimed to investigate the obstetric outcome in our institution and to review previous studies.MethodsUsing a retrospective analysis, data were reviewed from singleton pregnancies with maternal uterine anomalies at a medical center in Osaka, Japan, between January 2011 and March 2016. The uterine anomaly cases were divided into a ‘postlaparoscopic resection of the rudimentary horn’ group (study group) and an ‘other uterine anomalies’ (bicornuate uterus, uterine didelphys and unicornuate uterus) group (control group). Primary outcomes of interest were differences in obstetric outcomes, such as spontaneous preterm birth rate, small for gestational age (SGA) infant rate and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) rate between the study and the control group, and the secondary outcome of interest was mode of delivery in the study group.ResultsData from 40 deliveries were included in the study (7 deliveries: study group, 33 deliveries: control group). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of either mean gestational weeks at delivery (36.4 weeks vs 37.1 weeks; P = .38), cesarean delivery rate (57.1% vs 57.5%; P = 1.0), SGA infant rate (<10th percentile) (0% vs 24.2%; P = .31) and HDP rate (0.0% vs 3.0%; P = 1.0). Three of seven cases with postlaparoscopic resection of the rudimentary horn were able to deliver vaginally without complications.ConclusionOur study shows that the obstetric outcome observed in the study group was similar to that observed in the control group.
Salivary testosterone may not serve as a screening test in the diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism
Authors: Ambroziak Urszula , Kuryłowicz Alina , Kępczyńska‐Nyk Anna , Kondracka Agnieszka , Gajda Sylvia , Sieńko Damian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimThe diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism is still challenging because a set of appropriate, recommended diagnostic tests has not been established. In our study, we aimed to answer the question of whether salivary testosterone is a reliable test to establish the diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism as compared to serum total testosterone (TT) measured either by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) or immunoassay and to assess which set of biochemical tests would be the most appropriate for the identification of biochemical hyperandrogenism.MethodsA total of 39 women, aged 18–45 years, with clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism and 41 healthy individuals, aged 19–45 years, were enrolled in the study. Salivary testosterone was measured using the Salimetrics test. Serum TT was measured either using the LC–MS/MS method or immunoassay, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S) and androstenedione were measured using LC–MS/MS.ResultsIn 15 of 17 (88%) patients with elevated serum TT measured by LC–MS/MS and in 14 of 16 (87%) measured with immunoassay, salivary testosterone showed normal levels. In 11 of 39 women (28%) with normal serum testosterone levels, DHEA‐S was elevated. All patients with elevated androstenedione presented with an elevated concentration of either serum testosterone or DHEA‐S.ConclusionSalivary testosterone measurement may lead to the underdiagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism. Both serum testosterone and DHEA‐S should be measured in the endocrine work‐up toward biochemical hyperandrogenism.
High‐speed railroads and economic geography: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Li Zhigang , Xu Hangtian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOur study shows that high‐speed railroads (HSR) can either polarize or diffuse economic geography based on the sector and distance between cities. Economic activities could agglomerate from distant to core areas, while disperse from core toward its periphery at the same time. Empirical evidence from the 1982 introduction of two major HSRs in Japan, which halved intercity transit time, support this. Noncore areas lost 3–6 percent population; service employment declined 7 percent, whereas manufacturing employment increased by 21 percent. Municipalities within approximately 150 km of Tokyo expanded, while the distant ones contracted. The net result is that the Tokyo metropolitan area agglomerates because of HSR.
Genome size variation and evolution in the grape family Vitaceae
Authors: Chu Zhao‐Fu , Wen Jun , Yang Yong‐Ping , Nie Ze‐Long , Meng Ying 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenome size variation is of fundamental biological importance and has been a longstanding puzzle in evolutionary biology. In the present study, the genome size of 61 accessions corresponding to 11 genera and 50 species of Vitaceae and Leeaceae is determined using flow cytometry. Phylogenetically based statistical analyses were used to infer ancestral character reconstructions of nuclear DNA contents. The DNA 1C‐values of 38 species are reported for the first time, with the largest genome (Cyphostemma humile(N. E. Br.) Desc. ex Wild & R. B. Drumm, 1C = 3.25 pg) roughly 10.48‐fold larger than the smallest (Vitis vulpinaL., 1C = 0.31 pg). The large genomes are restricted to the tribe Cayratieae, and most other extant species in the family possess relatively small genomes. Ancestral genome size reconstruction revealed that the most recent common ancestor for the family had a relatively small genome (1C = 0.85 pg). Genome evolution in Vitaceae has been characterized by a trend towards genome size reduction, with just one episode of apparent DNA accumulation in the Cayratieae lineage. Such contrasting patterns of genome size evolution probably resulted from transposable elements and chromosome rearrangements, while neopolyploidization seems to contribute to recent genome increase in some species at the tips in the family tree.
Free‐running circadian period in adolescents and adults
Authors: Crowley Stephanie J. , Eastman Charmane I. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySleep timing shifts later during adolescence (second decade). This trend reverses at ~20 years and continues to shift earlier into adulthood. The current analysis examined the hypothesis that a longer free‐running circadian period during late adolescence (14–17 years) compared with adulthood (30–45 years) accounts for sleep timing differences. Sex and ancestry were also examined because previous reports find that women and those with African‐American ancestry have shorter free‐running periods. Circadian period was measured using an ultradian dark–light protocol (2 hr dark/sleep, 2 hr dim room light [~20 lux]/wake) over 3.4 days. Dim light melatonin onsets were measured before and after the ultradian protocol, from which the circadian period was derived. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found that free‐running circadian period was similar in adolescents and adults. African‐American adults had shorter free‐running circadian periods compared with adults of other ancestries. This ancestry difference was not seen in the adolescent group. Finally, we observed a non‐significant trend for shorter free‐running circadian periods in females compared with males. These data suggest that age‐related changes in circadian period after late adolescence do not account for sleep timing differences. These data provide further support for ancestry‐related differences in period, particularly in adults. Whether the large difference in circadian period between African‐American and other ancestries emerges later in development should be explored.
Automatic artefact detection in single‐channel sleep EEG recordings
Authors: Malafeev Alexander , Omlin Ximena , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Wichniak Adam , Jernajczyk Wojciech , Riener Robert , Achermann Peter 
Published: March 2018

SummaryQuantitative electroencephalogram analysis (e.g. spectral analysis) has become an important tool in sleep research and sleep medicine. However, reliable results are only obtained if artefacts are removed or excluded. Artefact detection is often performed manually during sleep stage scoring, which is time consuming and prevents application to large datasets. We aimed to test the performance of mostly simple algorithms of artefact detection in polysomnographic recordings, derive optimal parameters and test their generalization capacity. We implemented 14 different artefact detection methods, optimized parameters for derivation C3A2 using receiver operator characteristic curves of 32 recordings, and validated them on 21 recordings of healthy participants and 10 recordings of patients (different laboratory) and considered the methods as generalizable. We also compared average power density spectra with artefacts excluded based on algorithms and expert scoring. Analyses were performed retrospectively. We could reliably identify artefact contaminated epochs in sleep electroencephalogram recordings of two laboratories (healthy participants and patients) reaching good sensitivity (specificity 0.9) with most algorithms. The best performance was obtained using fixed thresholds of the electroencephalogram slope, high‐frequency power (25–90 Hz or 45–90 Hz) and residuals of adaptive autoregressive models. Artefacts in electroencephalogram data can be reliably excluded by simple algorithms with good performance, and average electroencephalogram power density spectra with artefact exclusion based on algorithms and manual scoring are very similar in the frequency range relevant for most applications in sleep research and sleep medicine, allowing application to large datasets as needed to address questions related to genetics, epidemiology or precision medicine.
Functional trait shifts after disturbance reveal broad‐scale variability in temperate forest regional recruitment processes
Authors: Wilfahrt Peter A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuestionDecreased above‐ground biomass and subsequent changes in resource availability exert a strong influence on seedling recruitment in post‐disturbance forests. Ecological trade‐offs underlie recruitment processes, as species vary in resource allocation, dispersal and stress tolerance strategies. Functional traits that indicate resource acquisition–conservation trade‐offs include leaf N content, wood density, maximum height, shade tolerance and drought tolerance, while seed mass can indicate species’ dispersal strategies. This study looks for generality in post‐disturbance trait responses, and asks whether these responses are additionally constrained or amplified by disturbance characteristics, climate and ecological provinces.LocationEastern US temperate forests.MethodsI leveraged a longitudinal, continental‐scale database of post‐disturbance forests to examine recruitment dynamics. Using multivariate, hierarchical Bayesian models, I examined how disturbance affects the traits of seedling layer communities where recruitment dynamics should be most evident, and compared this to undisturbed communities. I also examined how the traits underlying trade‐off axes varied across disturbance properties, ecological provinces and climatic gradients.ResultsAll traits except leaf N showed significant, study‐wide shifts in disturbed communities consistent with expectations of post‐disturbance stands. In undisturbed plots, all traits had significant shifts in the opposite direction to those observed in disturbed plots, except leaf N and drought tolerance, where no change was observed. Disturbance severity increased the magnitude of response of several, but not all, trait responses in disturbed plots. The traits that had significant shifts were idiosyncratic across ecological provinces, indicating unique processes influencing disturbance responses across the system. Moreover, while climate strongly correlated with all traits prior to disturbance in the initial sampling periods, it was not correlated with disturbance responses.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates general, biome‐wide trait shifts towards resource acquisition and bet‐hedging dispersal strategies in post‐disturbance forest seedling communities. At finer spatial scales, the traits underlying these trade‐offs varied, indicating that disturbance‐dependent species differ in life‐history strategies across the system. This variation across ecological provinces appears independent of temperature and precipitation, suggesting that unmeasured abiotic or biotic variables influence recruitment. Seedling recruitment is critical in shaping future adult tree communities, and this study reveals large‐scale contingencies in trait patterns associated with this process.
Reproductive biology and maternal care of neonates in southern African python (Python natalensis)
Authors: Alexander G. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractReproductive strategies such as parental care have been pivotal in evolutionary innovations such as endothermy in birds and mammals. The diversity of reproductive biology across the squamates provides a unique opportunity for elucidating the selective forces responsible for the evolution of various reproductive strategies. Here, I report on the reproductive biology of the southern African python (Python natalensis), based on a 7‐year study of free‐ranging pythons, revealing a behavioural complexity not usually expected for snakes. Mating occurred in the austral winter, with individual males following females for more than 2 months. As is typical for pythons, females brooded eggs by coiling around the clutch. Females are capital breeders; they lost ~40% body mass during a breeding event and did not breed in consecutive years. There was no evidence of the facultative thermogenesis that has been reported in congeners, suggesting that facultative thermogenesis has arisen independently more than once in Python. Reproductive females thermoregulated more carefully than non‐reproductives, maintaining higher, more stable Tbs at all stages of reproduction, especially while brooding. This was achieved by a stereotypic basking regime facilitated by ‘facultative melanism’, with females darkening significantly for the entire breeding event. Mothers remained with neonates at the nest site for approximately 2 weeks after hatching. During this time, mothers alternated between brief bouts of basking on the surface and coiling around the hatched eggs, on which the neonates rested. Neonates formed an aggregation near the burrow entrance to bask during the day, individually returning to the nest intermittently throughout the day. During the night, neonates remained within the mother's coils on the hatched eggs. This study highlights the diversity of reproductive biology within Python and cautions against generalization in this regard. This is the first unambiguous report of maternal care of neonates in an oviparous snake.
Who Are Our People? Toward a Christian Witness against Borders
Authors: Ashworth Justin P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChristian arguments for state borders are grounded in the preferential option for one's people, that is, the conviction that the needs of co‐citizens must be given priority over those of foreigners. Theologians often find support for this conviction in the doctrines of human finitude and divine providence: limited resources make it impossible to love all people equally, so we must choose where to start; since God has providentially placed near‐neighbors (citizens) in our paths, we honor God's design by keeping in mind their proximate needs in our moral deliberations. I argue that there are several flaws in such defenses of borders. First, they overlook the violence inherent in actually‐existing border practices; second, they misidentify fellow citizens as our people, thereby underwriting the church's captivity to state violence. I argue that a sounder theological view of borders requires Christians to adopt a preferential option for God's people. The church catholic is a borderless people committed to bodily solidarity and sharing with the vulnerable. Inasmuch as the church is a people already gathered in anticipation of the final joining of all things in Jesus Christ, ecclesial borderlessness serves as the horizon for all peoples.
Pain after root canal treatment with different instruments: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun C , Sun J , Tan M , Hu B , Gao X , Song J 
Published: March 2018

The aims of this systematic review were to compare the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain after single‐visit root canal treatment using manual, rotary, and reciprocating instruments. An extensive literature search in PubMed,EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify investigations that evaluated the effects of different instruments on postendodontic pain. Meta‐analyses and additional analyses, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses, were conducted. We included seventeen trials in this study. Pooled results showed that patients treated with rotary instruments experienced a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pain (RR, 0.32,p = .0005) and reduced pain intensity than did patients treated with manual instruments. In addition, patients treated with multiple rotary‐file systems experienced a significantly lower incidence of postoperative pain than did those treated with reciprocating systems (RR, 0.73;p < .0001). The use of rotary instruments contributed to a lower incidence and intensity of postoperative pain than did the use of hand files in patients who received single‐visit root canal treatment. In addition, the use of multiple rotary‐file systems contributed to a lower incidence of postoperative pain than did the use of reciprocating systems.
Evidence for heterochrony in the cranial evolution of fossil crocodyliforms
Authors: Godoy Pedro L. , Ferreira Gabriel S. , Montefeltro Felipe C. , Vila Nova Bruno C. , Butler Richard J. , Langer Max C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe southern supercontinent of Gondwana was home to an extraordinary diversity of stem‐crocodylians (Crocodyliformes) during the Late Cretaceous. The remarkable morphological disparity of notosuchian crocodyliforms indicates that this group filled a wide range of ecological roles more frequently occupied by other vertebrates. Among notosuchians, the distinctive cranial morphology and large body sizes of Baurusuchidae suggest a role as apex predators in ecosystems in which the otherwise dominant predatory theropod dinosaurs were scarce. Large‐bodied crocodyliforms, modern and extinct, are known to have reached large sizes by extending their growth period. In a similar way, peramorphic heterochronic processes may have driven the evolution of the similarly large baurusuchids. To assess the presence of peramorphic processes in the cranial evolution of baurusuchids, we applied a geometric morphometric approach to investigate ontogenetic cranial shape variation in a comprehensive sample of notosuchians. Our results provide quantitative morphological evidence that peramorphic processes influenced the cranial evolution of baurusuchids. After applying size and ancestral ontogenetic allometry corrections to our data, we found no support for the action of either hypermorphosis or acceleration, indicating that these two processes alone cannot explain the shape variation observed in Notosuchia. Nevertheless, the strong link between cranial shape variation and size increase in baurusuchids suggests that peramorphic processes were involved in the emergence of hypercarnivory in these animals. Our findings illustrate the role of heterochrony as a macroevolutionary driver, and stress, once more, the usefulness of geometric morphometric techniques for identifying heterochronic processes behind evolutionary trends.
Moral judgment toward relationship betrayals and those who commit them
Authors: SELTERMAN DYLAN , MOORS AMY C. , KOLEVA SPASSENA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn three experimental studies (total N = 1,056), we examined moral judgments toward relationship betrayals, and how these judgments depended on whether characters and their actions were perceived to be pure and loyal compared to the level of harm caused. In Studies 1 and 2, the focus was on confessing a betrayal, whereas in Study 3, the focus was on the act of sexual infidelity. Perceptions of harm/care were inconsistently and less strongly associated with moral judgment toward the behavior or the character, relative to perceptions of purity and loyalty, which emerged as key predictors of moral judgment across all studies. Our findings demonstrate that a diversity of cognitive factors play a key role in the moral perception of relationship betrayals.
Serological surveillance for Tahyna virus (California encephalitis orthobunyavirus, Peribunyaviridae) neutralizing antibodies in wild ungulates in Austria, Hungary and Romania
Authors: Camp J. V. , Haider R. , Porea D. , Oslobanu L. E. , Forgách P. , Nowotny N. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA serosurvey for Tahyna virus (TAHV), a mosquito‐borne California encephalitis orthobunyavirus (Peribunyaviridae) endemic to Europe, was performed to estimate the activity of TAHV on a broad geographic scale. Sera from wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) were collected from Austria, Hungary and Romania. Samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies against TAHV using a virus microneutralization assay. The results demonstrate that TAHV transmission to mammals is widespread in Europe, particularly in the wild boar population where the mean rate of seroconversion is 15.2%.
Family-oriented interventions for adults with acquired brain injury and their families: a scoping review protocol
Authors: de Goumoëns Véronique , Marques Rio Laura , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie 
Published: March 2018

Review question:
The aim of this scoping review is to examine the range and nature of family-oriented interventions that have been developed and/or tested for people with acquired brain injuries (ABI) and their families in all settings. Specifically the review questions are:What are the aims and characteristics (type, delivery mode and duration, provider) of family-oriented interventions available for people with ABI and their families?What types of outcomes have been reported in the literature when testing or implementing family-oriented interventions?
Effectiveness of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrates versus plasma on vitamin K antagonist associated plasma international normalized ratio reversal: a systematic review protocol
Authors: McPhail Andrew , Jokel Dominick 
Published: March 2018

Review question:
The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of Kcentra/Beriplex/Confidex compared to plasma for international normalized ratio (INR) reduction in adult patients (18 years and over) on any vitamin K antagonist therapy?
Caregivers’ experiences of feeding children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review protocol of qualitative evidence
Authors: Taylor Christine , Zhang Melissa , Foster Jann , Novak Iona , Badawi Nadia 
Published: March 2018

Review question/objective:
The overall objective of this systematic review is to identify, critically appraise and synthesize the literature regarding the feeding experiences of caregivers who care for children with cerebral palsy. The specific review question is: What are the experiences of caregivers feeding children with cerebral palsy?