bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed dormancy and longevity variability of Hirschfeldia incana L. during storage
Authors: Mira Sara , Veiga-Barbosa Luciana , Pérez-García Félix 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe studied the variability of germination, dormancy and viability loss of Hirschfeldia incana seeds in relation to seed size. Seeds were stored at 35°C under humid [75% relative humidity (RH)] or dry (33% RH) conditions. Seed germination and electrolyte leakage were evaluated periodically. Small seeds had lower longevity at humid or dry storage conditions (5 or 407 days, respectively) than large or intermediate seeds (7–9 or 536–727 days, respectively). Moreover, H. incana shows variability in seed dormancy related to seed size within a population, with small seeds having lower dormancy (13%) than intermediate (50%) or large seeds (72%). Dormancy was partially released after a short storage at 35°C and humid conditions. Under dry storage conditions, endogenous dormancy cycles were observed for over a year, and longer times of storage had a dormancy-breaking effect through dry after-ripening. Results suggest a dual strategy producing non-dormant seeds with low longevity that will germinate immediately after dispersal, and seeds with greater longevity that will delay germination. Membrane permeability increased linearly with ageing at both humid and dry storage (R2 = 0.60). Small seeds showed greater conductivity than intermediate or large seeds (0.7, 0.4 or 0.3 mS g–1 dry weight, respectively, at the 80% germination). The conductivity test could be used to evaluate the quality of H. incana seeds and would allow us to identify dormant (non-germinating) seed lots as viable. However, the influence of storage conditions and variability within a seed population on seed longevity should be taken into account when evaluating seed quality.
Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitorL.) larvae inclusion in diets for free-range chickens: effects on meat quality and fatty acid profile
Authors: Dabbou S. , Gasco L. , Lussiana C. , Brugiapaglia A. , Biasato I. , Renna M. , Cavallarin L. , Gai F. , Schiavone A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of a diet containing yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitorL.; TM) larva meal on quality parameters (pH24, color and drip losses), proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of meat from free-range chickens. A total of 140 medium-growing hybrid female chickens were free-range reared and randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: a control group and a TM group, in which TM meal was included at 75 g kg−1as fed in substitution of corn gluten meal. Each group consisted of five pens as replicates, with 14 chicks per pen. At 97 days of age, ten birds (two birds/pen) from each feeding group were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Quality parameters and proximate composition of breast and thigh meat were not affected by treatment. The effects of dietary TM larva meal on the FA profile of thigh meat were negligible. Breast meat from TM-fed chickens showed higher oleic and α-linolenic acid percentages as well as lower atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indexes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that TM inclusion in diets for free-range chickens did not prejudice meat quality traits. The obtained results confirm that TM can be considered a promising insect protein source for the poultry feed industry.
Institutional transformation and development from an economic transition perspective: the case of Argentina
Authors: Perényi Áron , Esposto Alexis , Bamforth Jill 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEconomic reforms and political changes often take place simultaneously. The outcomes of reforms in transitional countries depend on the sequence of these changes. Kornai developed his transition framework based on Central and Eastern Europe, and extended it to Asian nations. This article builds on Kornai's model and the institutional dialogue of economic development to construct and apply a model of transformation for Latin America. The aim is to better explain the relationship between institutional transformation and developmental outcomes over time. Our analysis utilises historical information and the views of current political leaders in Argentina. The analysis performed reflects on institutional performance, and evaluates the applicability of the proposed Latin American transition framework in practice. Based on the empirical evidence presented, we argue that economic transition is a path-dependent phenomenon, and that our model explaining the interaction of economic and political changes provides an explanation for the performance of institutional transformation in Argentina.
Proof‐of‐Concept Modeling of a New Groundwater Sampling Approach
Authors: Hou Deyi , Luo Jian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis note provides a proof‐of‐concept modeling study to examine the theoretical feasibility of a new groundwater sampling approach, the high‐stress low‐flow approach, for improving the representativeness of groundwater samples and shortening the sampling duration. The approach consists of two‐phase pumping: an initial high pumping rate followed by low‐flow purging and sampling. We conceptualize the sampling process by pumping in a fully penetrating, large‐diameter well in a confined aquifer and mixing within the well screened zone, which are characterized by the aquifer‐responding time scale for aquifer water dominating the inflow ratio and the well‐mixing time scale, respectively. We derive an analytical solution to evaluate the sample concentration and representativeness. Results show that higher pumping rates in phase 1 create larger drawdowns and overstressed flow fields when switching to lower pumping rates in phase 2, thereby slowing down the drawdown within the well and preventing downward movement of the well casing water. As a result, the ratio of aquifer water into the well screened zone and in water pumped can rise sharply at the pumping‐switch moment, and the aquifer‐responding time scale and groundwater sampling duration can be significantly shortened. The proposed high‐stress low‐flow approach is particularly effective in systems limited by long aquifer‐responding time scales, which are typically encountered in low‐permeability aquifers. Based on the analytical solution, we also provide preliminary guidelines and graphic tools to select the pumping rate ratio and the switching time. Our proof‐of‐concept modeling study demonstrates great potential of the new groundwater sampling approach in field applications.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Variations in the Reykjanes Geothermal Reservoir From Seismic Noise Interferometry
Authors: Sánchez‐Pastor Pilar , Obermann Anne , Schimmel Martin , Weemstra Cornelis , Verdel Arie , Jousset Philippe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Reykjanes Geothermal System (RGS) is a high‐temperature geothermal system located on the Reykjanes peninsula, a transtensional plate‐boundary zone located on the southwestern tip of Iceland. The area is characterized by high seismicity, recent volcanism, and high‐temperature geothermal fields. We use seismic noise records from April 2014 to August 2015 to study stress changes and potential deformation of the subsurface caused by injection and production operations at RGS through seismic interferometry. We retrieve continuous time series of waveform similarity values and seismic velocity changes during this period. The S‐transform of the similarity values allows us to clearly identify three variations in the mechanical properties of the Reykjanes peninsula related to rapid changes of RGS production. In addition, we observe a slow seismic velocity decrease of 0.36%/year in the reservoir due to the water deficit and seasonal variations associated with the energy production demand.
Network Effects and Handling of the Geocenter Motion in Multi‐GNSS Processing
Authors: Zajdel R. , Sośnica K. , Dach R. , Bury G. , Prange L. , Jäggi A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBoth, the network configuration and the way of terrestrial reference frame (TRF) realization, affect the global geodetic products delivered from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) data processing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in GNSS products, such as station coordinates, Earth rotation parameters, geocenter coordinates (GCC), and satellite orbits delivered from the double‐difference multi‐GNSS (GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo) processing, which may arise from (1) using a homogeneous and inhomogeneous network of multi‐GNSS stations, (2) different approaches to the TRF realization using minimum constraint conditions, and (3) different approaches to handling of GCC in GNSS global processing. The questionable quality of GCC delivered from the global GNSS solutions is described with a special attention to network effects and system‐specific parameters. We found that Galileo can provide GCC, whose quality corresponds to the GPS series. Moreover, the GCC from Galileo is of a better quality than those based on GLONASS data, despite the same number of nominal orbital planes and a much lower number of active satellites. When the No‐Net‐Translation constraint is not applied on the GNSS network, the station coordinate repeatability is worsened by about 70%, 55%, and 25% for the north, east, and up components, respectively, compared to the solution when applying No‐Net‐Translation and when having the network origin consistent with the international TRF. We thus infer that the No‐Net‐Translation condition is mandatory in global GNSS solutions.
Oxygen therapy in premature low birth weight infants is associated with capillary loss and increases in blood pressure: a pilot study
Authors: Raghuraman Rajendra P. , Duffy Donovan , Carroll Veronica A. , Manyonda Isaac , Antonios Tarek F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) and premature birth are known risk factors for future cardiovascular disease and in particular essential hypertension (EH). Capillary rarefaction (CR) is an established hallmark of EH and is known to occur in individuals with a history of LBW. We previously reported that LBW infants do not have CR at birth but rather increased capillary density (CD). We hypothesized that LBW infants undergo a process of accelerated CR in early life, triggered in part by oxygen therapy. We studied 26 LBW infants, of whom 10 infants received oxygen therapy, and compared them to 14 normal birth weight (NBW) infants. We measured CD at 1, 5 and 10 days after birth and again after 40 weeks adjusted gestational age equivalent to birth at full term. We confirmed that LBW infants had higher CD at birth compared to NBW infants and found that significant structural CR occurred at term age in LBW infants who had received oxygen therapy (mean difference −22 capillaries/field, p = 0.007) and in those who did not receive oxygen therapy (mean difference −29 capillaries/field, p < 0.001) compared to baseline at birth. Both LBW groups showed a significant rise in BP at 40 weeks adjusted term age and the rise in systolic (mean difference 24 mm Hg, p < 0.0001) and diastolic BP (mean difference 14 mm Hg, p < 0.001) was more pronounced in the oxygen treated group compared to the nonoxygen group (mean difference 14 mm Hg, p = 0.043 and mean difference = 9 mm Hg p = 0.056 respectively). In conclusion, oxygen therapy in premature LBW infants may induce significant increases in their BP in early life.
Structural basis for the acetylation of histone H3K9 and H3K27 mediated by the histone chaperone Vps75 in Pneumocystis carinii
Authors: Chen Yiping , Zhang Yang , Ye Hui , Dou Yanshu , Lu Deren , Li Xiaolu , Limper Andrew H. , Han Junhong , Su Dan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRtt109 is a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that is a potential therapeutic target in conditioned pathogenic fungiPneumocystis carinii (P. carinii). The histone chaperone Vps75 can stimulate the Rtt109-dependent acetylation of several histone H3 lysines and preferentially acetylates H3K9 and H3K27 within canonical histone (H3–H4)2tetramers. Vps75 shows two protein conformations assembled into dimeric and tetrameric forms, but the roles played by multimeric forms of Vps75 in Rtt109-mediated histone acetylation remain elusive. InP. carinii, we identified that Vps75 (PcVps75) dimers regulate H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation by directly interacting with histone (H3–H4)2tetramers, rather than by forming a Vps75-Rtt109 complex. For PcVps75 tetramers, the major histone-binding surface is buried within a walnut-like structure in the absence of a histone cargo. Based on crystal structures of dimeric and tetrameric forms of PcVps75, as well as HAT assay data, we confirmed that residues 192E, 193D, 194E, 195E, and 196E and the disordered C-terminal tail (residues 224–250) of PcVps75 mediate interactions with histones and are important for the Rtt109 inP. carinii(PcRtt109)-mediated acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27, both in vitro and in yeast cells. Furthermore, expressing PcRtt109 alone or in combination with PcVps75 variants that cannot effectively bind histones could not fully restore cellular growth in the presence of genotoxic agents that block DNA replication owing to the absence of H3K9 and H3K27 acetylation. Together, these data indicate that the interaction between PcVps75 and histone (H3–H4)2tetramers is a critical regulator of the Rtt109-mediated acetylation of H3K9 and H3K27.
Variability in snake skin microbial assemblages across spatial scales and disease states
Authors: Walker Donald M , Leys Jacob E , Grisnik Matthew , Grajal-Puche Alejandro , Murray Christopher M , Allender Matthew C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Understanding how biological patterns translate into functional processes across different scales is a central question in ecology. Within a spatial context, extent is used to describe the overall geographic area of a study, whereas grain describes the overall unit of observation. This study aimed to characterize the snake skin microbiota (grain) and to determine host–microbial assemblage–pathogen effects across spatial extents within the Southern United States. The causative agent of snake fungal disease, Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, is a fungal pathogen threatening snake populations. We hypothesized that the skin microbial assemblage of snakes differs from its surrounding environment, by host species, spatial scale, season, and in the presence of O. ophiodiicola. We collected snake skin swabs, soil samples, and water samples across six states in the Southern United States (macroscale extent), four Tennessee ecoregions (mesoscale extent), and at multiple sites within each Tennessee ecoregion (microscale extent). These samples were subjected to DNA extraction and quantitative PCR to determine the presence/absence of O. ophiodiicola. High-throughput sequencing was also utilized to characterize the microbial communities. We concluded that the snake skin microbial assemblage was partially distinct from environmental microbial communities. Snake host species was strongly predictive of the skin microbiota at macro-, meso-, and microscale spatial extents; however, the effect was variable across geographic space and season. Lastly, the presence of the fungal pathogen O. ophiodiicola is predictive of skin microbial assemblages across macro- and meso-spatial extents, and particular bacterial taxa associate with O. ophiodiicola pathogen load. Our results highlight the importance of scale regarding wildlife host–pathogen–microbial assemblage interactions.
Culturing the ubiquitous freshwater actinobacterial acI lineage by supplying a biochemical ‘helper’ catalase
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Kang Ilnam , Seo Ji-Hui , Cho Jang-Cheon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The actinobacterial acI lineage is among the most successful and ubiquitous freshwater bacterioplankton found on all continents, often representing more than half of all microbial cells in the lacustrine environment and constituting multiple ecotypes. However, stably growing pure cultures of the acI lineage have not been established despite various cultivation efforts based on ecological and genomic studies on the lineage, which is in contrast to the ocean from which abundant microorganisms such as Prochlorococcus, Pelagibacter, and Nitrosopumilus have been isolated. Here, we report the first two pure cultures of the acI lineage successfully maintained by supplementing the growth media with catalase. Catalase was critical for stabilizing the growth of acI strains irrespective of the genomic presence of the catalase-peroxidase (katG) gene. The two strains, representing two novel species, displayed differential phenotypes and distinct preferences for reduced sulfurs and carbohydrates, some of which were difficult to predict based on genomic information. Our results suggest that culture of previously uncultured freshwater bacteria can be facilitated by a simple catalase-supplement method and indicate that genome-based metabolic prediction can be complemented by physiological analyses.
KLF5 regulated lncRNA RP1 promotes the growth and metastasis of breast cancer via repressing p27kip1 translation
Authors: Jia Xiaoting , Shi Lejuan , Wang Xiaorong , Luo Liyun , Ling Li , Yin Jiang , Song Ying , Zhang Zhijie , Qiu Ni , Liu Hao , Deng Min , He Zhimin , Li Hongsheng , Zheng Guopei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggest that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) play important roles in human cancer. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the potential involvement of lncRNAs in breast cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we characterized a novel lncRNA, RP1-5O6.5 (termed as RP1). We found that RP1 was highly expressed in breast cancer and predicted poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays showed that RP1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RP1 maintained the EMT and stemness states of breast cancer cells via repressing p27kip1 protein expression. RP1 combined with the complex p-4E-BP1/eIF4E to prevent eIF4E from interacting with eIF4G, therefore attenuating the translational efficiency of p27kip1 mRNA. Furthermore, we found that p27kip1 evidently downregulated Snail1 but not ZEB1 to inhibit invasion of breast cancer cells. Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was positively correlated with RP1 in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, we demonstrated that KLF5 recruited p300 to the RP1 promoter to enhance RP1 expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that KLF5-regulated RP1 plays an oncogenic role in breast cancer by suppressing p27kip1, providing support for the clinical investigation of therapeutic approaches focusing on RP1.
Microarray profiling and co-expression network analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs in ovarian cancer
Authors: Gao Ce , Zhao Di , Zhao Qing , Dong Dandan , Mu Lin , Zhao Xuejun , Guo Man , Xu Aili , Fang Lei , Liu Qian , Che Jianhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of human diseases, such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we identified EOC-related lncRNAs and performed lncRNA and mRNA microarray analyses using IOSE80, a normal ovary cell line, and two ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP) to investigate the potential roles of lncRNAs in EOC. lncRNA-HEIH expression in EOC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, we generated a lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network in order to identify lncRNA-expression trends and potential lncRNA target genes. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay, respectively, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. We identified 3527 differentially expressed lncRNAs upon comparison of the lncRNA profiles from IOSE80 with those of SKOV3 cell lines, with 11 differentially expressed lncRNAs confirmed by qPCR. Both pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated the involvement of lncRNAs, especially HEIH and LINC-PINT, in multiple biological processes. Furthermore, in vitro knockdown experiments confirmed that suppression of HEIH expression inhibited EOC cell proliferation. Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the role of these lncRNAs in EOC carcinogenesis and progression.
Asymmetric synthesis of tetrazole and dihydroisoquinoline derivatives by isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions
Authors: Xiong Qian , Dong Shunxi , Chen Yushuang , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions were proven to be simple, elegant and facile strategies for the synthesis of highly valuable nitrogen-containing heterocycles, their asymmetric versions accessing to optically active nitrogen heterocyclic compounds are rather limited. Here, we illustrate that, relying on the enantioselective addition of simple isocyanides to C=C bonds, several isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions are realized in the presence of a chiral MgII-N,Nʹ-dioxide catalyst. In the reaction among isocyanide, TMSN3, and alkylidene malonate, three- or four-component reactions could be precisely controlled by modulating reaction conditions, supplying two types of enantioenriched tetrazole-derivatives in moderate to high yields. Possible catalytic cycles via a key zwitterionic intermediate, and the vital roles of H2O or excess ligand are provided based on control experiments. Moreover, taking advantage of this zwitterionic intermediate as a 1,3-dipole, an enantioselective dearomative [3+2] annulation reaction of nonactivated isoquinolines is achieved, furnishing chiral 1,2-dihydroisoquinolines in good to excellent results.
Surface oxidation mechanism of a refractory high-entropy alloy
Authors: Osei-Agyemang Eric , Balasubramanian Ganesh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh-entropy alloys (HEAs) synthesized using refractory elements are being strongly considered as candidates for high temperature structural applications. The role of compositional changes of HEA surfaces due to oxidation is crucial to sustain the material properties, but a detailed description of the thermodynamic mechanism driving the adsorption of oxygen on such complex surfaces is absent. We examine and explain the reaction process of oxygen on a representative refractory HEA surface using first principles and atomistic thermodynamic models. The HEA surface is highly reactive to oxygen yielding a full monolayer coverage at temperatures between 300 and 1500 K. The preferential adsorption of oxygen to specific sites of the HEA surface is attributed to the electronic configuration of the bonding shells of the constituent surface atoms. On further oxygen addition, the oxygen atoms diffuse into the bulk regions of the alloy. Manipulation of temperature and oxygen pressure reveals that it is difficult to rid the alloy surface of oxygen even at extremely low pressures of 10−9 bar at 2000 K.