bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Diet and the Gut Microbiome on Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Gisevius Barbara , Haghikia Aiden , Hirschberg Sarah 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse im Bereich neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen deuten vermehrt darauf hin, dass die Ernährung und damit assoziiert die Zusammensetzung des Darm-Mikrobioms einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Entstehung und den Verlauf verschiedenster Krankheiten haben. Die sogenannte Darm-Hirn Achse, oder präziser die Darm-Mikrobiom-Hirn Achse hat dadurch deutlich an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Dabei kann der Darm das zentrale Nervensystem auf unterschiedliche Weisen beeinflussen, I) direkt durch bakterielle Bestandteile und Metaboliten von Bakterien, II) durch Manipulation der im Körper zirkulierenden Immunzellen, oder III) durch direkten Kontakt, z. B. über den N. vagus.
Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Molekularbiologie, wie das Next Generation Sequencing ermöglichen aufgrund ihres hohen Auflösungsvermögens die genaue Identifikation von Bakterien und die Kompositionen ganzer Mikrobiome. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Interaktionen zwischen dem intestinalen Mikrobiom, dem Metabolom und dem Darm- assoziierten Immunsystem detailliert zu erforschen.
In dieser Arbeit diskutieren wir den Einfluss des Mikrobioms, der Ernährung und den damit verbundenen Gesundheitszustand auf die Neuroregeneration. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Möglichkeit, wie dieses Wissen in Zukunft für therapeutische Zwecke genutzt werden kann.
Energy efficiency in low consistency refining: a study using a Valley beater
Authors: Vaz Álvaro , Espírito-Santo António , Araújo Pedro , Simões Rogério , Silvy Jacques 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the influence of pulp fiber suspensions refining operating variables on energy efficiency coefficient. Three chemical pulps with different average morphological characteristics were used, obtained from bleached kraft Pinus sylvestris, Eucalyptus globulus and Betula verrucosa. The final objective was to establish the chemical pulps refining efficiency parameters. Refining hydromechanics and energy consumption profiles were analyzed. Average normal and tangential forces on pulp suspension in the gap clearance, resulting rotor-stator distance and no-load and refining conditions power consumption were obtained. The refining trials took place in a laboratory Valley beater, and the manipulated variables were charge on the roll and rotor rotation speed. Global relationships for tangential stress and energy efficiencies in terms of rotation speed and rotor-stator gap were obtained. A relationship between energy efficiency and shear stress was obtained. The results have shown that in a Valley beater increased rotor-stator gaps reduce energy efficiency, concomitantly increasing apparent viscosity and reducing shear stress. No-load power was seen to increase with crowding factor, and thus with flocculation. Inversely, crowding factor and ultimately flocculation had an adverse effect on energy efficiency.
Reference values of conditioned pain modulation
Authors: Schliessbach Jürg , Lütolf Christian , Streitberger Konrad , Scaramozzino Pasquale , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Curatolo Michele 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
Endogenous pain modulation can be studied in humans by conditioned pain modulation (CPM): pain induced by a test stimulus is attenuated by a distantly applied noxious conditioning stimulus. The detection of impaired CPM in individual patients is of potential importance to understand the pathophysiology and predict outcomes. However, it requires the availability of reference values.

Methods
We determined reference values of CPM in 146 pain-free subjects. Pressure and electrical stimulation were the test stimuli. For electrical stimuli, we recorded both pain threshold and threshold for the nociceptive withdrawal reflex. Cold pressor test was the conditioning stimulus. The 5th, 10th and 25th percentiles for the three tests were computed by quantile regression analyses.

Results
The average thresholds increased after the conditioning stimulus for all three tests. However, a subset of subjects displayed a decrease in thresholds during the conditioning stimulus. This produced negative values for most of the computed percentiles.

Conclusions
This study determined percentile reference values of CPM that can be used to better phenotype patients for clinical and research purposes. The negative value of percentiles suggests that a slightly negative CPM effect can be observed in pain-free volunteers.

Implications
Pain facilitation rather than inhibition during the conditioning stimulus occurs in some pain-free volunteers and may not necessarily represent an abnormal finding.
Prototype of the Energy Efficient Device for Measurement and Analysis of Impacts During Small Parcel Shipping
Authors: Stančić Ivo , Jukić Jelena , Musić Josip 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Small parcels are unfortunately subjected to different kinds of risks during the transport and delivery process. Shock is the most severe hazard that can result from kicks, drops, or tosses and by which fragile and sensitive content can be damaged or destroyed. Modern-day parcel delivery methods have a severe impact on the possibility of mechanical damage to transported goods. This article deals with the challenge of creating a simple, inexpensive, and modular logger that can measure mishandling and environmental conditions during parcel transport and delivery. The proposed logger is a small electronic device that can be sent together with the shipped content, thus simultaneously detecting and recording possible mishandling incidents during both transport and delivery. The device was successfully tested in several real-life scenarios (with different delivery service providers) and provided valuable insight into small parcel handling during the delivery process.
TP901-1 Phage Recombinase Facilitates Genome Engineering inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Voutev Roumen , Mann Richard S 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMolecular biology techniques have a large impact on biomedical research and the availability of diverse tools to perform genome manipulations advances the ease of executing complicated genetic research. Here, we introduce in the fruit fly another such tool by harnessing the phage recombinase TP901-1 to perform site-directed recombination that leads to recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). The TP901-1 system complements already existing recombination systems and enhances genome engineering in the fruit fly and other organisms.
Sequence Characteristics Distinguish Transcribed Enhancers from Promoters and Predict Their Breadth of Activity
Authors: Colbran Laura L , Chen Ling , Capra John A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Enhancers and promoters both regulate gene expression by recruiting transcription factors (TFs); however, the degree to which enhancer vs. promoter activity is due to differences in their sequences or to genomic context is the subject of ongoing debate. We examined this question by analyzing the sequences of thousands of transcribed enhancers and promoters from hundreds of cellular contexts previously identified by cap analysis of gene expression. Support vector machine classifiers trained on counts of all possible 6-bp-long sequences (6-mers) were able to accurately distinguish promoters from enhancers and distinguish their breadth of activity across tissues. Classifiers trained to predict enhancer activity also performed well when applied to promoter prediction tasks, but promoter-trained classifiers performed poorly on enhancers. This suggests that the learned sequence patterns predictive of enhancer activity generalize to promoters, but not vice versa. Our classifiers also indicate that there are functionally relevant differences in enhancer and promoter GC content beyond the influence of CpG islands. Furthermore, sequences characteristic of broad promoter or broad enhancer activity matched different TFs, with predicted ETS- and RFX-binding sites indicative of promoters, and AP-1 sites indicative of enhancers. Finally, we evaluated the ability of our models to distinguish enhancers and promoters defined by histone modifications. Separating these classes was substantially more difficult, and this difference may contribute to ongoing debates about the similarity of enhancers and promoters. In summary, our results suggest that high-confidence transcribed enhancers and promoters can largely be distinguished based on biologically relevant sequence properties.
Klaipėdos akmens masės keramika (XIV–XVIII amžius)
Authors: Ziabreva Viktorija 
Published: January 2019

In the early ages of the town of Klaipėda, stoneware production came from either the German production centers of Siegburg, Lower Saxony, Langerwehe, Waldenburg, Aachen/Raeren, Cologne, Frechen, Westerwald, Altenburg, Annaberg or from the centers located in England, London: Woolwich, Fullham and Lambeth factories and from the Nottingham production center. Earliest stoneware pieces, dated from the second half of the 13th c. to early 16th c., were distributed among the Castle and the early colonists’ town areas. The growth of this kind of vessels in the town coincides with the historical data on urban construction. Four functional groups of stoneware were identified in the studied material from Klaipėda. According to the stoneware data, it was possible to clarify the dating of some stoneware vessels and cultural layers in the Town area of Klaipėda.
Keywords: stoneware ceramics, import, the clarification of the cultural layers, the Middle Ages, Klaipėda.
Tarp viduramžių archeologijos, paveldo apsaugos ir archeologijos vadybos. Pokalbis su prof. dr. Albinu Kuncevičiumi
Authors: Merkevičius Algimantas 
Published: January 2019

With this conversation we aim to introduce to our readers one of the most well-known present-day Lithuanian archaeologists – Prof. PhD Albinas Kuncevičius, who heads the Archaeological Department at Vilnius University and whose 60th anniversary was commemorated at the end of this year. This conversation also discusses some issues important to the entire archaeological field of Lithuania.
Keywords: Medieval Archaeology, heritage protection, Vilnius University, Dubingiai Castle, Vilnius Lower Castle, archaeological management
The Depressed Class Of Elderly: Case Studies Of Elderly Population Among Lower Income Households
Authors: Saha Sumita , Sengupta Somrita 
Published: January 2019

India is often interpreted as a country which is still influenced by the values of gerontocracy as well as joint family households. However modernizing trends are affecting the nooks and corners of every part of the society, and India is no left behind. The present paper seeks to explore the domain of physical and mental well being of the elderly population among the lower income households in the country. The findings of the paper show that in lower income households, nuclear families values are gradually penetrating, which is transforming the elderly- family interactions. It is seen that the elderly population which were previously acknowledged as the head of the household or one of the major decision maker are gradually sidelined or excluded from the household affairs. Awareness of being excluded is often a primary reason behind the degrading physical and mental well being of the elderly populace. They are often treated as an unwanted liability, which will be relieved only with their deaths. Case studies of 20 elderly respondents have been taken to explore the physical and mental health of the elderly populace among the lower income households.
ANN Circuit Application of Complementary Resistive Switches
Authors: UÇAR Erdem , KARAKULAK Ertuğrul , MUTLU Reşat 
Published: January 2019

Artificial neural networks are successfully used for classification,
prediction, estimation, modeling and system control. However, artificial neural
networks integrated circuits are expensive and not matured enough. Memristors
or memristive systems which show a nonvolatile memory behavior has a high
potential for use in artificial neural network circuit applications. Some
memristive synapse or memristive neural network applications already exist in
literature. The complementary memristor or resistive switch memories have been
suggested as an alternative to one-cell memristor memories. Their sensing is
more difficult and complex than the others. The complementary memristor memory
topologies with a sensing node are also inspected in literature. To the best of
our knowledge, a neural network circuit which is based on the complementary
resistive switches with a sensing/writing node does not exist in literature
yet. In this paper, several neural
network circuits which are based on the complementary resistive switches with a
sensing/writing node have been designed and examined for the first time in
literature. Their analysis are given and simulations are performed to verify
their operation. We expect that such a complementary resistive switch
implementation may find use in artificial neural networks chips in the future.
Optic Disc Segmentation based on Template Matching and Active Contour Method
Authors: ARSLAN TUNCER Seda 
Published: January 2019

This paper proposes a
hybrid method that is capable of automatically implementing the Optic Disc (OD)
segmentation. In the hybrid method, two steps were performed. First, the
location of the OD was determined by template matching. Second, the OD location
coordinates obtained in the first stage were given as inputs to the Active
Contour Method applied to complete the OD segmentation. Furthermore, as part of
this study, Android based a program was
developed to allow physicians the ability to independently access the proposed
hybrid method results from anywhere and to add comments. Thus, the physician
would be able to instantly track the patient. Performance evaluation of the
proposed hybrid method was done separately for both localization and
segmentation. The success of localization was confirmed on the basis of whether
the determined coordinates corresponded to the OD. The segmentation process was
assessed according to the parameters, as derived from a confusion matrix. The
average Dice coefficient obtained for all images was 0.943, while the average
values of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity parameters for all images were
calculated as 0.90, 0.961 and 0.931, respectively. The final results obtained
from the proposed hybrid method were checked by a physician, who observed that
the OD was successfully segmented.
Benchmarking of Regression Algorithms and Time Series Analysis Techniques for Sales Forecasting
Authors: CATAL Cagatay , ECE Kaan , ARSLAN Begum , AKBULUT Akhan 
Published: January 2019

Predicting the sales amount as close as to the
actual sales amount can provide many benefits to companies. Since the fashion
industry is not easily predictable, it is not straightforward to make an
accurate prediction of sales. In this
study, we applied not only regression methods in machine learning, but also
time series analysis techniques to forecast the sales amount based on several
features. We applied our models on Walmart sales data in Microsoft Azure
Machine Learning Studio platform. The following regression techniques were
applied: Linear Regression, Bayesian Regression, Neural Network Regression,
Decision Forest Regression and Boosted Decision Tree Regression. In addition to
these regression techniques, the following time series analysis methods were implemented:
Seasonal ARIMA, Non-Seasonal ARIMA, Seasonal ETS, Non -Seasonal ETS, Naive
Method, Average Method and Drift Method. It was shown that Boosted Decision Tree
Regression provides the best performance on this sales data. This project is a
part of the development of a new decision support system for the retail
industry.
Determination of the best interpolation method in estimating the concen-tration of environmental air pollutants in Tehran city in 2015
Authors: Eslami Akbar , Ghasemi Seyed Mehdi 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the important issues in developing coun-tries, due to increased population and industrialization. In this research, the spatial distribution of ambient air concentration such as CO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, O3 and Air quality Index (AQI) in Tehran city in 2015 were evaluated using different deterministic ( inverse distance weighted, local polynomial, global polynomial, radial basis functions) and geostatistical (Kriging, Cokrig-ing) methods.

Materials and methods: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Error (ME) using cross-evaluation methods were used to control the accuracy of the interpolation. To find the secondary variables in the cokriging method, the Pearson coefficient of each pollutant was calculated with another pollutant.

Results: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that all data followed normal distribution. Also the results indicated that in most cases, geostatistical meth-ods were the best methods to estimate ambient air concentration. Finally, after selecting the best interpolation method, the zoning map of the pollutant was drawn with ArcGIS.

Conclusion: The results of 71 methods showed that in most cases, the geosta-tistical method is better than the deterministic method
Preparing emission factors of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydro-carbons and nitrogen oxides for cigarette
Authors: Talaiekhozani Amirreza , Amani Ali Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Thousandths dangerous chemicals are found in cigarette smoke. Each day millions cigarettes are consumed and its smoke is emitted in the atmosphere. Although several studies have been carried out on ciga-rette smoke, there is no reliable emission factor for pollutants emitted from burning cigarette. The aim of this study is to prepare four emission factors to estimate amount of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides per each cigarette.

Materials and methods: In this study a set of experiments was designed to achieve this aim. Different brands of cigarettes were prepared and then they was burned by a vacuum pump. Their cigarettes smoke was analyzed by a gas analyzer to find the concentration of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in the cigarettes smoke. Next, the average emission factor for complete burning of a cigarette was calculated.

Results: High amount of pollutants could be found in cigarette smoke. The results revealed that 0.01 mg of hydrocarbons, 0.13 mg of carbon monoxide, 0.5 mg of carbon dioxide and 0.01 mg of nitrogen oxides are emitted during complete burning of each cigarette.

Conclusion: If the number of consumed cigarettes was available, these emis-sion factors can be used to understand the share of cigarette smoke in air pol-lution of large cities to understand whether cigarette consumption is effective on air pollution.
MENGATASI KETERBATASAN SARANA PRASARANA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI [OVERCOMING FACILITIES LIMITATIONS AFFECTING PHYSICAL EDUCATION LEARNING ACTIVITIES]
Authors: Widiastuti Widiastuti 
Published: January 2019

<p>Movement and physical activity are at the center of physical education and the availability of adequate facilities is necessary for the success of learning activities. The limited availability of facilities can hinder physical education classes from running effectively and as expected. A physical education learning strategy is needed to overcome difficulties due to limited physical education facilities. This research is qualitative based on a case study. The instruments used in this research are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data is analyzed descriptively. The research shows that the teaching and learning strategies used to overcome limited physical education facilities can include the modification of teaching materials to suit the available facilities, modification of the facilities to suit the teaching materials, or adjusting the available time allocation for the class.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Pembelajaran di dalam pendidikan jasmani tidak lepas dari aktivitas jasmani atau gerak, sehingga sarana prasarana merupakan faktor penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan kegiatan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Kondisi sarana prasarana yang terbatas dapat menghambat pelaksanaan pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan strategi pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sarana prasarana tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan tentang strategi pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani dalam mengatasi keterbatasan sarana prasarana. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Instrumen penelitian berupa observasi, wawancara, dan kuisioner. Data diolah dengan analisis deskripsi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk mengatasi keterbatasan sarana prasarana adalah dengan pemilihan materi pendidikan jasmani yang disesuaikan dengan sarana prasarana yang ada di sekolah, memodifikasi sarana prasarana, dan menyesuaikan alokasi waktu yang tersedia.</p>
EDUCATING HUMANS: EMBRACING VULNERABILITY AND RESISTING DECADENCE
Authors: Sesanker Colena 
Published: January 2019

Césaire called a civilization incapable of solving the problems it creates a decadent civilization and Gordon, in his Disciplinary Decadence, demonstrates the decadence of modern disciplines of knowledge production. In their insistence on completeness, anything outside of those totalizing systems are, by definition, problems. This creates problem phenomena: aspects of reality that are therefore not properly understood as reality. Gordon demonstrates that, in order to dismantle the systems of justification that produce intractable problems by denying reality, it is not enough to simply change the content of our education – we must also change the methodology that produces a warped view of reality that cuts us off from all social reality, including the social aspects of ourselves. Gordon’s diagnosis of disciplinary decadence has implications for not just what we teach, not just who teaches but, more fundamentally, how we must teach and how we must learn, in order to facilitate liberation.
Keywords: decadence; pedagogy; maturity; embodiment; vulnerability.
Life Course Approaches to the Causes of Health Disparities
Authors: Jones Nancy L. , Gilman Stephen E. , Cheng Tina L. , Drury Stacy S. , Hill Carl V. , Geronimus Arline T. 
Published: January 2019

Reducing health disparities requires an understanding of the mechanisms that generate disparities. Life course approaches to health disparities leverage theories that explain how socially patterned physical, environmental, and socioeconomic exposures at different stages of human development shape health within and across generations and can therefore offer substantial insight into the etiology of health disparities. Life course approaches are informed by developmental and structural perspectives. Developmental perspectives emphasize how socially patterned exposures to risk factors during sensitive life stages shift health trajectories, whereas structural perspectives emphasize how social identity and position within socially patterned environments disproportionately allocate risk factors and resources, resulting in altered health trajectories. We conclude that the science of health disparities will be advanced by integrating life course approaches into etiologic and intervention research on health disparities. The following 4 strategies are offered to guide in this process: (1) advance the understanding of multiple exposures and their interactions, (2) integrate life course approaches into the understanding of biological mechanisms, (3) explore transgenerational transmission of health disparities, and (4) integrate life course approaches into health disparities interventions.