bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cysteine‐Selective Phosphonamidate Electrophiles for Modular Protein Bioconjugations
Authors: Kasper Marc‐André , Glanz Maria , Stengl Andreas , Penkert Martin , Klenk Simon , Sauer Tom , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Krause Eberhard , Cardoso M. Cristina , Leonhardt Heinrich , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe describe a new technique in protein synthesis that extends the existing repertoire of methods for protein modification: A chemoselective reaction that induces reactivity for a subsequent bioconjugation. An azide‐modified building block reacts first with an ethynylphosphonite through a Staudinger‐phosphonite reaction (SPhR) to give an ethynylphosphonamidate. The resulting electron‐deficient triple bond subsequently undergoes a cysteine‐selective reaction with proteins or antibodies. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidates display excellent cysteine‐selective reactivity combined with superior stability of the thiol adducts, when compared to classical maleimide linkages. This turns our technique into a versatile and powerful tool for the facile construction of stable functional protein conjugates.
Betonermüdung – Sicherheiten und Entwicklungspotenziale aktueller Nachweiskonzepte
Authors: Schmidt Boso , Schneider Sebastian , Marx Steffen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDas tatsächliche Sicherheitsniveau bei der Ermüdungsbemessung von druckschwellbeanspruchtem Beton ist derzeit unbekannt. Für die Ermüdungsnachweise werden Sicherheitsbeiwerte verwendet, die aus der statischen Bemessung übernommen wurden, und weitere, teilweise nicht wissenschaftlich begründete Sicherheitselemente implementiert. In diesem Beitrag werden Sicherheiten in aktuellen Nachweiskonzepten nach DIN EN 1992‐1‐1(/NA), DIN EN 1992‐2(/NA) und fib Model Code 2010 diskutiert und Entwicklungspotenziale aufgezeigt. Außerdem werden Ergebnisse bestehender Ermüdungsuntersuchungen stochastisch ausgewertet und mit Wöhlerlinien nach fib Model Code 2010 verglichen. Die vergleichenden Untersuchungen deuten auf ein höheres Sicherheitsniveau des Ermüdungswiderstands im Vergleich zur statischen Bemessung hin.
Expanding the DOPA Universe with Genetically Encoded, Mussel‐Inspired Bioadhesives for Material Sciences and Medicine
Authors: Budisa Nediljko , Schneider Tobias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCatechols are a biologically relevant group of aromatic diols that have attracted much attention as mediators of adhesion of “bio‐glue” proteins in mussels of the genusMytilus. These organisms use catechols in the form of the noncanonical amino acidl‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as a building block for adhesion proteins. The DOPA is generated post‐translationally from tyrosine. Herein, we review the properties, natural occurrence, and reactivity of catechols in the design of bioinspired materials. We also provide a basic description of the mussel's attachment apparatus, the interplay between its different molecules that play a crucial role in adhesion, and the role of post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins. Our focus is on the microbial production of mussel foot proteins with the aid of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) and the use of genetic code engineering to solve some fundamental problems in the bioproduction of these bioadhesives and to expand their chemical space. The major limitation of bacterial expression systems is their intrinsic inability to introduce PTMs. OTSs have the potential to overcome these challenges by replacing canonical amino acids with noncanonical ones. In this way, PTM steps are circumvented while the genetically programmed precision of protein sequences is preserved. In addition, OTSs should enable spatiotemporal control over the complex adhesion process, because the catechol function can be masked by suitable chemical protection. Such caged residues can then be noninvasively unmasked by, for example, UV irradiation or thermal treatment. All of these features make OTSs based on genetic code engineering in reprogrammed microbial strains new and promising tools in bioinspired materials science.
A collaborative CPU‐GPU approach for deep learning on mobile devices
Authors: Valery Olivier , Liu Pangfeng , Wu Jan‐Jan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAs mobile devices become more prevalent, users tend to reassess their expectations regarding the personalization of mobile services. The data collected by a mobile device's sensors provide an opportunity to gain insight into the user's profile. Recently, deep learning has gained momentum and has become the method of choice for solving machine learning problems. Interestingly, training a deep neural network on a mobile device is often mistakenly regarded as cumbersome. For instance, several deep learning frameworks only provide a CPU‐based implementation for prediction tasks on a mobile device. In contrast to servers, a mobile computing environment imposes many domain‐specific constraints that invite us to review the general computing approach used in a deep learning framework implementation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework that has been specifically designed for mobile device platforms. Our approach relies on the collaboration of the multicore CPU and the integrated GPU to accelerate deep learning computation on mobile devices. Our work exploits the shared memory architecture of mobile devices to promote CPU‐GPU collaboration without any data copying. We analyze our approach with regard to three factors: performance/portability trade‐off, power efficiency, and memory management.
The effectiveness of educational methods for cricothyroid membrane identification by dental students: A prospective study using neck photographs and tracheotomy trainers
Authors: Goto Takashi , Kishimoto Toshiyuki , Sakurai Satoru 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accurate identification of the cricothyroid membrane (CTM) by fifth grade dental students, before undergoing the relevant anesthesiology practicum. Moreover, we aimed to determine the educational effectiveness of the cricothyrotomy practicum in anesthesiology. Before the lecture and without prior notification, 119 students were provided with a photograph of a man's neck and instructed to attach a blue sticker to the cricothyrotomy puncture site and to a palpable tracheotomy trainer, after applying sufficient palpation. After this, students attended a 60‐min lecture on the emergency airway management method. Two and 16 days after the lecture and practicum, students were presented with a new neck photograph and the tracheotomy trainer and asked again to place stickers (red stickers: at 2 days; green stickers: at 16 days) on the cricothyrotomy penetration site. The data were analyzed with an image processing software, by superimposing the 119 stickers on the neck photographs and tracheotomy trainers, to visually examine the accuracy of CTM identification. The rate of correct sticker placement in the neck photographs was 41.2% before the lecture, 80.7% 2 days after the lecture, and 77.3% 16 days after the lecture (before vs. 2 and 16 days after, p value < 0.01). For the tracheotomy trainer, the rate was 36.1% before the lecture, 97.5% 2 days after the lecture, and 94.1% 16 days after the lecture (before vs. 2 and 16 days after, p value < 0.01). Furthermore, the proportion of students with mistakes above and below the CTM was higher than that of students with mistakes to the right or left. In conclusion, the rate of accurate CTM identification among dental students was low before they underwent the relevant practicum, but most students were able to identify the CTM accurately after the lecture and practicum in a small class.
A comparison of calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste and zinc oxide eugenol as root filling materials for pulpectomy in primary teeth: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Najjar Rahaf S. , Alamoudi Najlaa M. , El‐Housseiny Azza A. , Al Tuwirqi Amani A. , Sabbagh Heba J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractZinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) has traditionally been used as a root filling material in primary teeth pulpectomy. Calcium hydroxide and iodoform (Ca(OH)2/iodoform) may have advantages as a root canal filling material to evaluate treatment success of Ca(OH)2/iodoform pulpectomy in primary teeth compared with ZOE based on clinical and radiographical criteria. All human clinical studies reporting clinical and radiographical outcomes of Ca(OH)2/iodoform compared with ZOE in primary teeth pulpectomy were identified in digital bibliographic databases. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted relevant study characteristics. Success of treatment was based on an accomplishment of specific clinical and radiographical criteria. Meta‐analyses were performed to appraise study heterogeneity and aggregated statistics. Out of 5,000 articles identified in initial search, 15 articles met all inclusion criteria, while 10 were included in the meta‐analyses. At 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up, there were no statistically significant differences in the clinical and radiographical success rates of Ca(OH)2/iodoform and ZOE. However, ZOE was shown to have statistically significant higher success rates at ≥18‐month follow‐up. On the basis of the findings of this systematic review, we recommend that Ca(OH)2/iodoform be utilized for pulpectomy in primary teeth nearing exfoliation; conversely, ZOE should be utilized when exfoliation is not expected to occur soon. Future randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material. The success of pulpectomy in primary teeth depends on selecting the ideal root canal filling material. It is challenging to select the appropriate filling materials for primary teeth. ZOE or ZOE/iodoform combined with Ca(OH)2 appears to be the materials of choice if primary teeth are not nearing exfoliation. More high‐quality randomized control clinical trials with a long‐term follow‐up period are needed before a reliable conclusion can be drawn as to the best pulpectomy material in primary teeth (systematic review registration number: CRD42016037563).
Spatiotemporal variability in the structure of seagrass meadows and associated macrofaunal assemblages in southwest England (UK): Using citizen science to benchmark ecological pattern
Authors: Smale Dan A. , Epstein Graham , Parry Mark , Attrill Martin J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeagrass meadows underpin a variety of ecosystem services and are recognized as globally important habitats and a conservation priority. However, seagrass populations are currently impacted by a range of biotic and abiotic stressors, and many are in decline globally. As such, improved understanding of seagrass populations and their associated faunal assemblages is needed to better detect and predict changes in the structure and functioning of these key habitats. Here, we analyzed a large dataset—collected by recreational scuba divers volunteering on a citizen science project—to examine spatiotemporal patterns in ecological structure and to provide a robust and reliable baseline against which to detect future change. Seagrass (Zostera marina) shoot density and the abundance of associated faunal groups were quantified across 2 years at 19 sites nested within three locations in southwest UK, by collecting in situ quadrat samples (2,518 in total) during 328 dives. Seagrass shoot density and meadow fragmentation was comparable across locations but was highly variable among sites. Faunal abundance and assemblage structure varied between areas with or without seagrass shoots; this pattern was largely consistent between locations and years. Overall, increased seagrass density was related to increased faunal abundance and explained shifts in faunal assemblage structure, although individual faunal groups were affected differently. More broadly, our study shows that well‐funded and orchestrated citizen science projects can, to some extent, gather fundamental information needed to benchmark ecological structure in poorly studied nearshore marine habitats.
Recent advances in natural products exploitation in Streptomyces via synthetic biology
Authors: Zhao Qiyuan , Wang Liping , Luo Yunzi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNatural products of microbial origin have proven to be the wellspring of clinically useful compounds for human therapeutics. Streptomyces species are predominant sources of bioactive compounds, most of which serve as potential drug candidates. While the exploitation of natural products has been severely reduced over the past two decades, the growing crisis of evolution and dissemination of drug resistant pathogens have again attracted great interest in this field. The emerging synthetic biology has been heralded as a new bioengineering platform to discover novel bioactive compounds and expand bioactive natural products diversity and production. Herein, we review recent advances in the natural products exploitation of Streptomyces with the applications of synthetic biology from three major aspects, including recently developed synthetic biology tools, natural products biosynthetic pathway engineering strategies as well as chassis host modifications.
A statistical approach to improve compound screening in cell culture media
Authors: Puente‐Massaguer Eduard , Badiella Llorenç , Gutiérrez‐Granados Sonia , Cervera Laura , Gòdia Francesc 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is widely used for the production of recombinant proteins due to its high growing capacity and productivity, as well as other cell lines derived later than CHO. Adapting cell culture media for each specific cell line is a key to exploit these features for cost effective and fast product generation. Media supplementation is generally addressed by means of one‐factor‐at‐a‐time or classical design of experiments approaches but these techniques may not be efficient enough in preliminary screening phases. In this study, a novel strategy consisting in folding over the Plackett–Burman design was used to increase cell growth and trastuzumab production of different CHO cell lines through supplementation with nonanimal recombinant compounds. Synergies between compounds could be detected with a reduced number of experiments by using this methodology in comparison to more conventional fractional factorial designs. In the particular case reported here, the sequential use of this modified Plackett–Burman in combination with a Box‐Behnken design led to a 1.5‐fold increase in cell growth (10 × 106 cells/mL) and a two‐fold in trastuzumab titer (122 mg/L) in suspension batch culture.
Geochemistry and zircon U–Pb geochronology of mafic rocks in the Kaiyuan tectonic mélange of northern Liaoning Province, NE China: Constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean
Authors: Guan Qing‐bin , Liu Zheng‐hong , Liu Yong‐jiang , Liu Jin , Wang Shi‐jie , Tian Yi 
Published: March 2019

The Kaiyuan tectonic mélange makes up the western part of the Kaiyuan–Yanji Accretionary Complex Belt, NE China, and there has been a long‐standing controversy about its age and tectonic setting. In this paper, we present new zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical data for the mafic rocks of the Lujiapuzi Formation in the Kaiyuan tectonic mélange, and these data provide insights into the tectonic setting during the late Paleozoic and the evolutionary history of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). SHRIMP U–Pb dating of zircons from samples of albite–actinolite schist and amphibolite yielded a crystallization age of 258 ± 5.5 Ma for the protoliths, suggesting that the protoliths formed during the late Permian. The albite–actinolite schists and amphibolites have similar geochemical characteristics, and they represent metamorphosed basaltic volcanic rocks. Major, rare earth and trace element data show that the mafic rocks have a close affinity with mid‐ocean ridge basalt. REE petrogenetic modelling indicates that the primary magma was generated through the partial melting of a mixed garnet‐ and spinel‐bearing mantle source, and assimilated crustal material and underwent crystal fractionation during ascent. The geochemical features and inherited/xenocrystic zircons in the mafic samples indicate that they formed in a tectonic setting similar to the back‐arc basin. These new findings, together with other previously published data, indicate that the Paleo‐Asian Ocean still existed in the eastern segment of the CAOB during the late Permian to Early Triassic. The Kaiyuan tectonic mélange formed during the Middle Triassic, and its formation may represent the timing of final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean.
Petrogenesis of the Middle Devonian syenites in the Miyun–Huairou Region of Beijing and its tectonic implications
Authors: He Fubing , Xu Xiwei , Dong Jing , Li Ruijie , Li Li , You Shina 
Published: March 2019

Three Devonian magmatic rocks have been identified from the mid‐western part of the Yanshan Thrust‐and‐Fold Belt (YTFB). Here, we present new geochronological, Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic, and whole‐rock chemical data. Our new LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating recognized syenite plutons of ca. 385 Ma, which include Laogongying, Shicheng, and Qiaomaiyu, respectively, around the Yunmeng Mountain in the Miyun–Huairou area of Beijing. Rocks from three plutons are characterized by low SiO2 and high alkali contents, especially high K2O, and they show syenite and foid syenite compositions. They display slight–middle light REE enrichment, no negative or positive Eu anomalies, strong depletion in Rb, Th, U, Nb, Ta, P, Zr, Hf, and Ti, enrichment in Ba, K, and Sr, low contents of Y and Yb, and high Sr/Y ratios. They have a relatively narrow range of isotopic compositions with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.708203 to 0.710477, εNd(t) values from −12.26 to −13.28, and εHf(t) values from −19.92 to −17.96. This study shows the Middle Devonian intrusions were produced by fractional crystallization of a parental magma, which was derived by interaction between mantle‐derived alkaline magmas of a type I‐enriched mantle and pre‐existing continental crust. Tectonic background was likely emplaced in a back‐arc extension environment related to southward subduction of the Palaeo‐Asian oceanic plate or during the cessation of the subduction. Feldspar geothermometer and aluminium‐in‐hornblende barometry studies of the Middle Devonian plutons yielded emplacement temperature of ~700°C and pressure of ~6.5 kbar, indicating the emplacement depths of about 24 km. Combined with previous geobarometry results on the Middle Devonian plutons within the Inner Mongolia Palaeo‐uplift (IMPU) on the northern margin of the NCC, the strong uplift and exhumation the IMPU were identified during Middle Devonian to Late Triassic times. The exhumation was more than 4–5 km than those of the IMPU, resulting in widely absent of Palaeozoic strata within the YTFB.
Synthesis of deuterium‐labelled amlexanox and its metabolic stability against mouse, rat, and human microsomes
Authors: Gan Xinmin , Wilson Michael W. , Beyett Tyler S. , Wen Bo , Sun Duxin , Larsen Scott D. , Tesmer John J.G. , Saltiel Alan R. , Showalter Hollis D. 
Published: March 2019

As part of a program toward making analogues of amlexanox (1), currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, we have synthesized derivative 5 in which deuterium has been introduced into two sites of metabolism on the C‐7 isopropyl function of amlexanox. The synthesis of 5 was completed in an efficient three‐step process utilizing reduction of key olefin 7b to 8 by Wilkinson's catalyst to provide specific incorporation of di‐deuterium across the double bond. Compound 5 displayed nearly equivalent potency to amlexanox (IC50, 1.1μM vs 0.6μM, respectively) against recombinant human TBK1. When incubated with human, rat, and mouse liver microsomes, amlexanox (1) and d2‐amlexanox (5) were stable (t1/2 > 60 minutes) with 1 showing marginally greater stability relative to 5 except for rat liver microsomes. These data show that incorporating deuterium into two sites of metabolism does not majorly suppress Cyp‐mediated metabolism relative to amlexanox.
Are formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues fit for proteomic analysis?
Authors: Bayer Malte , Angenendt Linus , Schliemann Christoph , Hartmann Wolfgang , König Simone 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFormalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded (FFPE)–tissue archives are potential treasure troves in the search for clinically interesting specimens. However, while the FFPE‐treatment provides excellent conservation of the three‐dimensional structure of the tissue and prevents degradation over decades, it also introduces numerous nonspecific and irreversible protein modifications. In this study, we have evaluated several published workflows for FFPE‐tissue by fit‐for‐purpose proteomics technologies. We demonstrate that many protein modifications and cross‐links remain after treatment and conclude that the proteomics of FFPE‐tissue is of value, but clear‐cut limitations must be kept in mind. The analysis of abundant proteins in FFPE is straightforward, but confident identification of low‐level proteins and/or biologically relevant modifications is seriously hampered by the FFPE‐treatment. Peptide assignment should only be performed on high‐quality spectra, even if this is at the cost of lower numbers of protein IDs. As Yergey and Coorssen stated in 2015: “Data quality is considered the primary criterion, and we thus emphasize that the standards of Analytical Chemistry must apply throughout any proteomic analysis.”
The impact of predatory bacteria on experimental periodontitis
Authors: Silva Pedro H. F. , Oliveira Luiz F. F. , Cardoso Renata S. , Ricoldi Milla S. T. , Figueiredo Luciene C. , Salvador Sérgio L. , Palioto Daniela B. , Furlaneto Flávia A. C. , Messora Michel R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the effects of topical administration of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 on experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.MethodsThirty‐two rats were divided into groups C (control), EP, C‐HD100, and EP‐HD100. At day 0, animals of groups EP and EP‐HD100 received cotton ligatures around mandibular first molars (MFM). In groups C‐HD100 and EP‐HD100, 1 mL of suspensions containing B. bacteriovorus HD100 was topically administered in the subgingival region of MFMs at days 0, 3, and 7. Animals were euthanized at day 14. Gingival tissue, hemimandibles, and oral biofilm were collected. Data were statistically analyzed.ResultsGroup EP‐HD100 presented greater bone volume and lower connective tissue attachment loss (CTAL) than group EP (P < 0.05). Group EP‐HD100 presented greater proportions of Actinomyces and Streptococcus‐like species and lower proportions of Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Fusobacterium polymorphum, Eikenella corrodens, Eubacterium nodatum, Campylobacter gracilis, Capnocytophaga sputigena, and Veillonella parvula‐like species than group EP. Group EP‐HD100 presented greater levels of osteoprotegerin and gene expression of interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐10, and forkhead box P3 than group EP (P < 0.05).ConclusionTopical use of B. bacteriovorus
HD100 promotes a protective effect against alveolar bone loss and CTAL in rats with EP.