bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying sequential pattern mining to investigate cerebrovascular health outpatients’ re-visit patterns
Authors: Ou-Yang Chao , Wulandari Chandrawati Putri , Hariadi Rizka Aisha Rahmi , Wang Han-Cheng , Chen Chiehfeng 
Published: July 2018

Background and Objective
Increases in outpatients seeking medical check-ups are expanding the number of health examination data records, which can be utilized for medical strategic planning and other purposes. However, because hospital visits by outpatients seeking medical check-ups are unpredictable, those patients often cannot receive optimal service due to limited facilities of hospitals. To resolve this problem, this study attempted to predict re-visit patterns of outpatients.

Method
Two-phase sequential pattern mining (SPM) and an association mining method were chosen to predict patient returns using sequential data. The data were grouped according to the outpatients’ personal information and evaluated by a discriminant analysis to check the significance of the grouping. Furthermore, SPM was employed to generate frequency patterns from each group and extract a general association pattern of return.

Results
Results of sequence patterns and association mining in this study provided valuable insights in terms of outpatients’ re-visit behaviors for regular medical check-ups. Cosine and Jaccard are two symmetric measures which were used in this study to indicate the degree of association between two variables. For instance, Jaccard values of variable abnormal blood pressure associated with an abnormal body-mass index (BMI) and/or abnormal blood sugar were respectively 47.5% and 100%, for the two-visit and three-visit behavior patterns. These results indicated that the corresponding pair of variables was more reliable when covering the three-visit behavior pattern than the two-visit behavior. Thus, appropriate preventive measures or suggestions for other medical treatments can be prepared for outpatients that have this pattern on their third visit. The higher degree of association implies that the corresponding behavior pattern might influence outpatients’ intentions to regularly seek medical check-ups concerning the risk of stroke. Furthermore, a radiology diagnosis (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging or neck vascular ultrasound) plays an important role in the association with a re-visit behavior pattern with respective 50% and 70% Cosine and Jaccard values in general behavior {f11}∧{f01}. These findings can serve as valuable information to increase the quality of medical services and marketing, by suggesting appropriate treatment for the subsequent visit after learning the behavior patterns.

Conclusions
The proposed method can provide valuable information related to outpatients’ re-visit behavior patterns based on hidden knowledge generated from sequential patterns and association mining results. For marketing purposes, medical practitioners can take behavior patterns studied in this paper into account to raise patients’ awareness of several possible medical conditions that might arise on subsequent visits and encourage them to take preventive measures or suggest other medical treatments.
Perfil epidemiológico da meningite bacteriana no Município de Vitória da Conquista - Bahia, no período de 2008 a 2015
Authors: Magalhães Romário Soares , Santos Milena Soares 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Introdução</strong>: A meningite bacteriana é uma doença infecciosa que representa um importante desafio em saúde pública em todo o mundo. <strong>Objetivo</strong>: Determinar o perfil epidemiológico da meningite bacteriana e analisar as variáveis relacionadas aos casos confirmados no município de Vitória da Conquista-Bahia. <strong>Metodologia:</strong> Estudo de corte transversal, com base em informações secundárias, realizado no período de 2008 a 2015. Dados clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais foram obtidos através das fichas de notificação de meningite bacteriana do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação. As análises foram realizadas através de cálculo de incidência, medidas de tendência central e freqüência simples. <strong>Resultados</strong>: Foram confirmados 171 casos de meningite bacteriana, cuja incidência média para a população total foi de 6,2/100.000 habitantes, com variação de 10,6 em 2010 a 2,6 por 100.000 habitantes em 2014. A maior prevalência dos casos ocorreu entre mulheres (61,4%) e entre os indivíduos menores de 5 anos (30,4%). Os sinais e sintomas mais relatados foram febre, cefaleia e vômito (88,12%; 85,8%; 78,3%; respectivamente) e a tríade clássica de sintomas apareceu em mais da metade dos pacientes (57,8%; 77/131). A taxa de letalidade foi de 17,2% (28/162). Em relação à sazonalidade, houve maior frequência de casos nos meses de maio a outubro. <strong>Conclusão</strong>:<strong> </strong>Os dados demonstram declínio dos casos de meningite nos últimos anos e sugere impacto positivo das estratégias de prevenção implementadas no país. Ressaltamos a importância de novos estudos para avaliar o efeito das vacinas específicas sobre a população e do contínuo monitoramento e ações para o controle da doença.</p>
Análise dos fatores de risco para síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) em motoristas de caminhão
Authors: Sá Renata Thamires Oliveira de , França Igor Macedo Lima de , Catão Carmem Dolores de Sá , Cruz Jackson Borba da 
Published: July 2018

<p><strong>Objetivo.</strong> Verificar quais os fatores de risco relacionados à SAOS e sua associação com a chance de desenvolvê-la em motoristas de caminhão. <strong>Método. </strong>Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo. A coleta de dados foi precedida do TCLE, questionário sintomatológico, questionário de Berlim e medidas antropométricas. A associação foi verificada pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e pela análise de regressão logística univariada e multivariada. <strong>Resultado. </strong>A população constituiu-se de caminhoneiros de três empresas de transporte de cargas da cidade de Campina Grande-PB (n = 65). Detectou-se alteração em pressão arterial (PA), circunferência do pescoço (CP), circunferência abdominal (CA) e IMC em grande parte da população com grande prevalência de obesidade. Verificou-se, a partir do teste qui-quadrado, associação (p &lt; 0,05) entre o risco de desenvolver SAOS, sono durante o dia, tabagismo, CP, CA e IMC. Além disso, foi observado, a partir da análise de regressão que PA diastólica ≥ 90 mmHg, CP ≥ 42 cm, CA ≥ 102 cm e IMC ≥ 30 estavam relacionados com maior propensão à desenvolver SAOS. <strong>Conclusão. </strong>A população estudada apresentou fatores de risco que podem interferir na qualidade de vida e em atividades laborais. </p>
Development and Challenges of Functional Electrolytes for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Lili , Ye Yusheng , Chen Nan , Huang Yongxin , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, as one of the most important candidates of next‐generation batteries, are famous for high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendly benignity. However, issues originating from polysulfide shuttle of common liquid electrolytes (e.g., capacity fade, poor cycle life, and safe issue) have hindered the applications of Li–S batteries in various occasions. This review summarizes the main efforts in the electrolytes of Li–S batteries, including liquid, solid state, and hybrid electrolyte systems. The development of functional electrolytes for Li–S batteries is hopeful to alleviate the problems Li–S batteries faced today. The liquid electrolytes circumvent the polysulfide shuttle and the resultant problems by utilizing different functional solvents, lithium salts, and additives. Solid‐state electrolytes as promising electrolytes are optimized to enhance the ionic conductivity at room temperature and decrease the interfacial resistance. Hybrid electrolytes that consist of two or more single electrolytes may be considered as unique categories because they have the potential advantages than the single electrolyte systems. Challenges and perspectives of Li–S electrolytes are also proposed based on the requirement for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
Uniform Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid Coating to Enhance Oral Delivery of Insulin
Authors: Tian Houkuan , He Zhiyu , Sun Chengxin , Yang Chengbiao , Zhao Pengfei , Liu Lixin , Leong Kam W. , Mao Hai‐Quan , Liu Zhijia , Chen Yongming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOral delivery of protein drugs is an attractive route of administration due to its convenience for repeated dosing and good patient compliance. However, currently oral protein therapeutics show very low bioavailability mainly due to the existence of hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environments, including mucus layers and intestinal epithelial barriers. Herein, using insulin as a model protein therapeutic, the core–shell nanoparticles with thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA‐SH) coating (NPHA‐SH) are produced utilizing a two‐step flash nanocomplexation process to enhance oral delivery efficiency of insulin. A positively charged nanoparticle core is first generated by electrostatic complexation between insulin and N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐3‐trimethyl ammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC), followed by surface coating with HA‐SH. The optimized NPHA‐SH shows an average size of 100 nm with high encapsulation efficiency (91.1%) and loading capacity (38%). In vitro and ex vivo results confirm that NPHA‐SH shows high mucus‐penetration ability, improved intestinal retention and transepithelial transport property due to its thiolated surface and the ability of HA‐SH coating to dissociate from the nanoparticle surface when across the mucosal layer. Oral administration of NPHA‐SH to Type 1 diabetic rats yields high efficacy and an average relative bioavailability of 11.3%. These results demonstrate that the HA‐SH coated core–shell nanoparticles are a promising oral delivery vehicle for protein therapeutics.
Metal Organic Framework Derived Materials: Progress and Prospects for the Energy Conversion and Storage
Authors: Indra Arindam , Song Taeseup , Paik Ungyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExploring new materials with high efficiency and durability is the major requirement in the field of sustainable energy conversion and storage systems. Numerous techniques have been developed in last three decades to enhance the efficiency of the catalyst systems, control over the composition, structure, surface area, pore size, and moreover morphology of the particles. In this respect, metal organic framework (MOF) derived catalysts are emerged as the finest materials with tunable properties and activities for the energy conversion and storage. Recently, several nano‐ or microstructures of metal oxides, chalcogenides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, alloys, carbon materials, or their hybrids are explored for the electrochemical energy conversion like oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, or battery materials. Interest on the efficient energy storage system is also growing looking at the practical applications. Though, several reviews are available on the synthesis and application of MOF and MOF derived materials, their applications for the electrochemical energy conversion and storage is totally a new field of research and developed recently. This review focuses on the systematic design of the materials from MOF and control over their inherent properties to enhance the electrochemical performances.
Advances in Synthesis and Measurement of Charge Transport in DNA‐Based Derivatives
Authors: Zhuravel Roman , Stern Avigail , Fardian‐Melamed Natalie , Eidelshtein Gennady , Katrivas Liat , Rotem Dvir , Kotlyar Alexander B. , Porath Danny 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCharge transport through molecular structures is interesting both scientifically and technologically. To date, DNA is the only type of polymer that transports significant currents over distances of more than a few nanometers in individual molecules. For molecular electronics, DNA derivatives are by far more promising than native DNA due to their improved charge‐transport properties. Here, the synthesis of several unique DNA derivatives along with electrical characterization and theoretical models is surveyed. The derivatives include double stranded poly(G)–poly(C) DNA molecules, four stranded G4‐DNA, metal–DNA hybrid molecular wires, and other DNA molecules that are modified either at the bases or at the backbone. The electrical characteristics of these nanostructures, studied experimentally by electrostatic force microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, are reviewed.
Anelastic and Electromechanical Properties of Doped and Reduced Ceria
Authors: Wachtel Ellen , Frenkel Anatoly I. , Lubomirsky Igor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRoom‐temperature mechanical properties of thin films and ceramics of doped and undoped ceria are reviewed with an emphasis on the anelastic behavior of the material. Notably, the unrelaxed Young's modulus of Gd‐doped ceria ceramics measured by ultrasonic pulse‐echo techniques is >200 GPa, while the relaxed biaxial modulus, calculated from the stress/strain ratio of thin films, is ≈10 times smaller. Oxygen‐deficient ceria exhibits a number of anelastic effects, such as hysteresis of the lattice parameter, strain‐dependent Poisson's ratio, room‐temperature creep, and nonclassical electrostriction. Methods of measuring these properties are discussed, as well as the applicability of Raman spectroscopy for evaluating strain in thin films of Gd‐doped ceria. Special attention is paid to detection of the time dependence of anelastic effects. Both the practical advantages and disadvantages of anelasticity on the design and stability of microscopic devices dependent on ceria thin films are discussed, and methods of mitigating the latter are suggested, with the aim of providing a cautionary note for materials scientists and engineers designing devices containing thin films or bulk ceria, as well as providing data‐based constraints for theoreticians who are involved in modeling of the unusual electrical and electromechanical properties of undoped and doped ceria.
Hollow Metal Nanocrystals with Ultrathin, Porous Walls and Well‐Controlled Surface Structures
Authors: Zhao Ming , Wang Xue , Yang Xuan , Gilroy Kyle D. , Qin Dong , Xia Younan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent developments of a novel class of catalytic materials built on hollow nanocrystals having ultrathin, porous walls, and well‐controlled surface structures are discussed, with a focus on platinum and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). An introduction is given to the critical role of platinum in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and the pressing need to develop a strategy for achieving cost‐effective and sustainable use of this precious metal. How to maximize the mass activity of ORR catalysts based on platinum by rationally engineering the surface structure while increasing the utilization efficiency of atoms is then discussed. After reporting on the synthetic methods involving galvanic replacement and seed‐mediated growth followed by etching, respectively, a number of examples to demonstrate the enhancement in activity and durability for this new class of catalytic materials are showcased. The feasibility to have the methodology extended from platinum to other precious metals such as gold and ruthenium is highlighted. In conclusion, some of the remaining issues and emerging solutions are examined.
Ultraflexible Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors for Conformal Photoplethysmogram Sensors
Authors: Park Sungjun , Fukuda Kenjiro , Wang Ming , Lee Chulhyo , Yokota Tomoyuki , Jin Hanbit , Jinno Hiroaki , Kimura Hiroki , Zalar Peter , Matsuhisa Naoji , Umezu Shinjiro , Bazan Guillermo C. , Someya Takao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFlexible organic optoelectronic devices simultaneously targeting mechanical conformability and fast responsivity in the near‐infrared (IR) region are a prerequisite to expand the capabilities of practical optical science and engineering for on‐skin optoelectronic applications. Here, an ultraflexible near‐IR responsive skin‐conformal photoplethysmogram sensor based on a bulk heterojunction photovoltaic active layer containing regioregular polyindacenodithiophene‐pyridyl[2,1,3]thiadiazole‐cyclopentadithiophene (PIPCP) is reported. The ultrathin (3 µm thick) photodetector exhibits unprecedented operational stability under severe mechanical deformation at a bending radius of less than 3 µm, even after more than 103 bending cycles. Deliberate optimization of the physical dimensions of the active layer used in the device enables precise on/off switching and high device yield simultaneously. The response frequency over 1 kHz under mechanically deformed conditions facilitates conformal electronic sensors at the machine/human interface. Finally, a mechanically stretchable, flexible, and skin‐conformal photoplethysmogram (PPG) device with higher sensitivity than those of rigid devices is demonstrated, through conformal adherence to the flexuous surface of a fingerprint.
DNA Nanotweezers and Graphene Transistor Enable Label‐Free Genotyping
Authors: Hwang Michael T. , Wang Zejun , Ping Jinglei , Ban Deependra Kumar , Shiah Zi Chao , Antonschmidt Leif , Lee Joon , Liu Yushuang , Karkisaval Abhijith G. , Johnson Alan T. Charlie , Fan Chunhai , Glinsky Gennadi , Lal Ratnesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectronic DNA‐biosensor with a single nucleotide resolution capability is highly desirable for personalized medicine. However, existing DNA‐biosensors, especially single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection systems, have poor sensitivity and specificity and lack real‐time wireless data transmission. DNA‐tweezers with graphene field effect transistor (FET) are used for SNP detection and data are transmitted wirelessly for analysis. Picomolar sensitivity of quantitative SNP detection is achieved by observing changes in Dirac point shift and resistance change. The use of DNA‐tweezers probe with high‐quality graphene FET significantly improves analytical characteristics of SNP detection by enhancing the sensitivity more than 1000‐fold in comparison to previous work. The electrical signal resulting from resistance changes triggered by DNA strand‐displacement and related changes in the DNA geometry is recorded and transmitted remotely to personal electronics. Practical implementation of this enabling technology will provide cheaper, faster, and portable point‐of‐care molecular health status monitoring and diagnostic devices.
Repurposing Cyanine NIR‐I Dyes Accelerates Clinical Translation of Near‐Infrared‐II (NIR‐II) Bioimaging
Authors: Zhu Shoujun , Hu Zhubin , Tian Rui , Yung Bryant C. , Yang Qinglai , Zhao Su , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Niu Gang , Sun Haitao , Antaris Alexander L. , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe significantly reduced tissue autofluorescence and scattering in the NIR‐II region (1000–1700 nm) opens many exciting avenues for detailed investigation of biological processes in vivo. However, the existing NIR‐II fluorescent agents, including many molecular dyes and inorganic nanomaterials, are primarily focused on complicated synthesis routes and unknown immunogenic responses with limited potential for clinical translation. Herein, the >1000 nm tail emission of conventional biocompatible NIR cyanine dyes with emission peaks at 700–900 nm is systematically investigated, and a type of bright dye for NIR‐II imaging with high potential for accelerating clinical translation is identified. The asymmetry of the π domain in the S1 state of NIR cyanine dyes is proven to result in a twisted intramolecular charge‐transfer process and NIR‐II emission, establishing a general rule to guide future NIR‐I/II fluorophore synthesis. The screened NIR dyes are identified to possess a bright emission tail in the NIR‐II region along with high quantum yield, high molar‐extinction coefficient, rapid fecal excretion, and functional groups amenable for bioconjugation. As a result, NIR cyanine dyes can be used for NIR‐II imaging to afford superior contrast and real‐time imaging of several biological models, facilitating the translation of NIR‐II bioimaging to clinical theranostic applications.
Tunable Multiplanar Nanowrinkled Surface Platform
Authors: Hughes Bethany , Riazi Seyed‐Shahriar , Romita Lauren , Waldman Stephen D. , Hwang Dae Kun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWrinkled surfaces have extraordinary characteristics, such as enlarged surface area and enhanced adhesion, which form the basis of several emerging applications in electrical, mechanical, and biological processes. Furthermore, wrinkles at a nanoscale display additional ultrahigh functions offering enhanced Raman scattering and superhydrophobicity; however, artificial nanowrinkled morphology is mostly limited to simple planar surfaces. Here, a microfluidics‐based approach to create tunable nanowrinkles on nonplanar surfaces is developed. In this approach, polyethylene glycol microposts using photolithography in a polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic channel are first fabricated. A syringe pump is then used with a washing solvent, ethanol, to remove the excess unpolymerized monomer from the microfluidic channel. In combination with nonuniform photopolymerization, this washing postprocess results in microposts with a fully cured inner layer and a partially cured outer layer. The partially cured layer spontaneously forms nanowrinkles upon plasma treatment. Their wavelengths are tunable by controlling the thickness of the partially cured layer during the washing process. The effect of the flow rate and duration of the washing fluid on the wavelength of nanowrinkle formed is investigated.
A Fully Transient Mechanical Energy Harvester
Authors: Muralidharan Nitin , Afolabi Jeremiah , Share Keith , Li Mengya , Pint Cary L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHere, a novel design of a mechanical energy harvester combining peak power output competitive with state‐of‐the‐art energy harvester devices is reported, but with a design enabling full transience, or dissolution, of the harvester after 30 min upon triggering in basic water. The harvester incorporates a symmetric cell combining LixAl alloy electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol packaging that harvests mechanical energy due to the mechanical–electrochemical stress coupling between the electrodes. Prototype harvester devices demonstrate peak output power of 0.208 µW cm−2 with continuous energy generation up to 1.76 µJ cm−2 at a mechanical input frequency of 0.1 Hz. This work introduces a new class of power systems simultaneously tailored for transience, high‐performance energy harvesting, and operation frequency relevant to wearable technologies.
Sub‐Nanosecond Tuning of Microwave Resonators Fabricated on Ruddlesden–Popper Dielectric Thin Films
Authors: Hagerstrom Aaron M. , Lu Xifeng , Dawley Natalie M. , Nair Hari P. , Mateu Jordi , Horansky Robert D. , Little Charles A. E. , Booth James C. , Long Christian J. , Schlom Darrell G. , Orloff Nathan D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVoltage‐tunable dielectric materials are widely used for microwave‐frequency signal processing. Among tunable dielectric thin films, (SrTiO3)nSrO Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) superlattices have exceptionally low loss at high frequencies. This paper reports the first realization of resonators, a ubiquitous building block of microwave components, fabricated on RP films, and an analysis of their static and dynamic tuning behavior. The RP film has a ferroelectric‐paraelectric phase transition at ≈200 K, and the tunability is strongest at this temperature. The resonators have approximately 2.5% tuning of the resonance frequency at room temperature and 20% tuning at 200 K, and a tuning time scale of less than a nanosecond, which is limited by the measurement circuit rather than material properties.