bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Outcome Analysis of Two Posterior Only Approach for Thoracolumbar Fracture
Authors: Singh Deepak Kumar , Gupta Surendra Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Ahmad Faran , Yadav Kuldeep , Kaif Mohammad 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives Most common surgical intervention in thoracolumbar fracture is pedicle screw fixation with posterior decompression through traditional posterior approach. Nowadays, we are doing combined anteroposterior decompression with anteroposterior fixation through posterior only approach. So, we attempt to compare these two approaches in terms of surgical and functional outcome.
Method This is a retrospective study. We included 47 patients of traumatic thoracolumbar fracture between September 2016 and January 2018. Fourteen patients were treated by three-column fixation through posterior only approach and 33 patients were treated with traditional posterior approach. In three-column fixation, transpedicular corpectomy with dynamic mesh cage placement with B/L pedicle screw fixation with 360 canal decompression was done, whereas in traditional posterior approach, only posterior decompression with B/L pedicle screw fixation was done. Parameters for comparison include patients’ parameters, fracture types, operative duration, average blood loss, kyphotic correction, and neurological and functional improvement after 1 week and 3 months postoperatively.
Result The average operative time (150 ± 13.01 minutes) and blood loss (263 ± 40.84 mL) in combined decompression and fixation through posterior only approach were higher than average operative time (120.3 ± 25.43 minutes) and average blood loss (108 ± 27.32 mL) in traditional posterior approach. In traditional surgeries, there was an observed correction of 11.7° ± 3.6° in kyphosis, while in combined surgeries the observed correction in kyphosis was 15.3° ± 4.3°. There is no statistically significant neurological and functional outcome than traditional posterior approach.
Conclusion Combined anteroposterior decompression and stabilization through posterior only approach is convenient for complete decompression of cord, stabilization, and restoration of vertebral height, and there is statistically significant kyphotic correction, pain relief (visual analogue scale), but there is no statistically significant neurological and functional outcome than traditional posterior approach. Most neurosurgeons are familiar to posterior approach; hence, they should be used in unstable thoracolumbar fracture whenever needed, while avoiding various dreaded complication of combined approach.
Translocación de dispositivo intrauterino de cobre a vejiga y litiasis vesical secundaria – Reporte de caso clínico
Authors: Abonia Carlos Hernan , Gomez Milton Cesar , Mosquera Jesus Enrique , Torregroza Miguel Angel , Garcia Diego , Usubillaga Francisco 
Published: July 2019

ResumenEl dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), ha sido utilizado en nuestro medio y en el mundo durante muchos años como método anticonceptivo. Una complicación infrecuente posterior a su inserción es la migración fuera del útero. La localización vesical y complicación con la vesicolitiasis, forman parte de las complicaciones asociadas a la migración. Presentamos un caso de migración de un DIU a la vejiga asociado a la formación de un cálculo entorno a ese dispositivo. Se describe el cuadro clínico, los estudios realizados y el tratamiento.
Emerging Catalyst Control in Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative Hydrofunctionalization Reactions
Authors: Zhu Rong 
Published: July 2019

Oxidative functionalization has emerged as an important pathway in Co-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrofunctionalization reactions. Notably, evidence was found for the participation of organometallic intermediates in such radical-polar crossover processes. These findings provide opportunities for catalyst control that was previously absent in HAT catalysis. In this article, we summarize the recent progress towards this direction involving carbon–heteroatom bond-forming intra- and intermolecular reactions, including work from our own group.1	Introduction2	Oxidative Trapping by Solvents and Intramolecular Nucleophiles3	Intermolecular Oxidative Hydrofunctionalization4	Conclusion and Outlook
Gravitational Autoreposition for Staged Closure of Omphaloceles
Authors: Uecker Marie , Petersen Claus , Dingemann Carmen , Fortmann Caroline , Ure Benno M. , Dingemann Jens 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction Management strategies for large omphaloceles remain controversial. In this study, we discuss the use of GRAVITAS (gravitational autoreposition sutures), the method used at our institution when successful primary closure is deemed questionable. Patient's primary clinical course and long-term outcomes were analyzed.
Materials and Methods This is a single-center retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with omphaloceles treated between 1997 and 2018. Decision for GRAVITAS was made when the defect was estimated too large for primary closure. Traction sutures were placed in the fascia surrounding the defect and then suspended from the top of the incubator to allow gravitational autoreposition of the herniated organs. Ventilation and muscle relaxation were maintained until secondary closure, which was performed after the obtruding viscera had been reduced by repeated adjustment of the suture's tension. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
Results Out of 49 patients with omphaloceles, 12 were treated with GRAVITAS, 33 underwent primary closure, and 4 were treated using Schuster's technique. Mean time to secondary closure after GRAVITAS was 7 ± 10 days. In nine of the patients who had isolated omphalocele, secondary closure was achieved after 4 ± 2 days. Ventilation time was 5 ± 2 days, and time to full feeds was 18 ± 16 days. In three patients (one with Fallot's tetralogy, one with Cantrell's pentalogy, and one with lung hypoplasia), abdominal closure was achieved after 17 ± 15 days. Due to cardiorespiratory comorbidity, ventilation time was >30 days. Five patients received initial closure of the skin and secondary fascial closure after 18 ± 15 months. One patient with prior fascial closure underwent later repair of an abdominal wall hernia. During follow-up (30 ± 35 months), one patient with gastrointestinal obstruction due to adhesions required laparotomy, and one patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease underwent fundoplication.
Conclusion GRAVITAS is a feasible method for staged closure of large omphaloceles when successful primary closure is deemed questionable.
Lactoferrin Reduces Necrotizing Enterocolitis Severity by Upregulating Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhu Haitao , Li Bo , Robinson Shaiya C. , Lee Carol , O'Connell Joshua S. , Bindi Edoardo , Zheng Shan , Sherman Philip M. , Pierro Agostino 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal illness in premature infants characterized by severe intestinal inflammation. Despite medical interventions, NEC mortality remains alarmingly high, which necessitates improved therapies. Lactoferrin is among the most abundant proteins in human milk and has important immunomodulatory functions. While previous studies have indicated protective effects of lactoferrin against neonatal sepsis and NEC, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesize that lactoferrin downregulates inflammation and upregulates proliferation in intestinal epithelium during NEC injury.
Materials and Methods NEC was induced by hypoxia, gavage feeding of hyperosmolar formula and lipopolysaccharide between postnatal day P5 and P9 (n = 8). Breastfed mice were used as control (n = 7). Lactoferrin (0.3 g/kg/day) was administered once daily by gavage from P6 to P8 in both NEC (NEC + Lac; n = 9) and control mice (Cont + Lac; n = 5). Distal ileum was harvested on P9 and analyzed for disease severity, inflammation, and proliferation. Groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and t-test appropriately; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results Compared to NEC group, lactoferrin-treated NEC mice had reduced disease severity, reduced inflammation markers IL-6 and TNF-α expression and increased intestinal stem cell marker Lgr5 + expression. Lactoferrin-treated NEC mice exhibited increased nuclear β-catenin, indicating upregulated Wnt pathway, and increased Ki67 positivity, suggesting enhanced proliferation. Furthermore, lactoferrin administration to control mice did not affect intestinal inflammation as well as Lgr5 + stem cell expression and epithelial proliferation. This supports the safety of lactoferrin administration and indicates that the beneficial effects of lactoferrin are present when intestinal injury such as NEC is present.
Conclusion Lactoferrin administration reduces the intestinal injury in experimental NEC by downregulating inflammation and upregulating cell proliferation. This beneficial effect of lactoferrin in stimulating cell proliferation is mediated by the Wnt pathway. This experimental study provides insights on the mechanism of action of lactoferrin in NEC and the role of lactoferrin in enteral feeding.
Clinical Factors Affecting Condition-Specific Quality-of-Life Domains in Pediatric Patients after Repair of Esophageal Atresia: The Swedish-German EA-QOL Study
Authors: Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Quitmann Julia , Dingemann Jens , Witt Stefanie , Ure Benno M. , Bullinger Monika , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Dingemann Carmen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to identify clinical factors affecting condition-specific health related quality of life (HRQOL) domains in children born with esophageal atresia (EA). This can facilitate preventive care to risk groups of HRQOL impairments.
Materials and Methods A total of 124 Swedish and German families of EA children answered the validated EA-QOL questionnaires (response rate 68%), for evaluation of three HRQOL domains in children 2 to 7 years old (53 parents) and four HRQOL domains in children 8 to 17 years old (62 children/71 parents). Clinical data were collected through medical records and a questionnaire. Statistics included between—group analysis, univariable and stepwise multivariable regression analysis, p < 0.05.
Results Between 2 to 7 years, no primary anastomosis (p = 0.022) and female gender (p = 0.026) predicted worse scores related to “physical health and treatment,” and gastrostomy insertion related to “eating” (p = 0.0001), and “social isolation and stress” (p = 0.001). Between 8 to 17 years, no primary anastomosis (child report), prematurity, esophageal dilatation (parent report) predicted poor HRQOL related to “eating” (p < 0.05), associated anomalies to “body perception” (p = 0.031, parent report), female gender (p = 0.018, child report) and severe EA (p = 0.011 child report, p = 0.004 parent report) to “social relationships,” and severe EA predicted worse “health and well-being” scores (p = 0.004, parent report). An increased number of digestive symptoms (difficulty swallowing food, heartburn, and vomiting), lowered all EA-QOL domain scores in both age groups (p < 0.001). An increased number of respiratory problems (cough, wheezing, airway infections. breathlessness, and chest tightness), lowered scores in two HRQOL domains among children 2 to 7 years (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Impairments within condition-specific HRQOL domains in EA children are found in congenital and surgical subgroups, and notably related to digestive symptoms throughout childhood.
Collective sinking promotes selective cell pairing in planktonic pennate diatoms
Authors: Font-Muñoz Joan S. , Jeanneret Raphaël , Arrieta Jorge , Anglès Sílvia , Jordi Antoni , Tuval Idan , Basterretxea Gotzon 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Planktonic pennate diatoms are a ubiquitous group of microalgae playing a major role as primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. Some species are also known to produce domoic acid, a neurotoxin that causes shellfish poisoning. Their reproduction is mostly accomplished through rapid clonal cell division, but eventual sexual exchange is required for population survival. How do nonswimming organisms find their partners in the water column? We demonstrate that planktonic pennate cells need to sink from surface turbulent waters to more stable environments where encounter rates, and thus pairing for sexual reproduction, are facilitated by viscous torques and collective interactions. This mechanism is key in our understanding of pennate diatom population dynamics and could help to improve prediction of some toxicity episodes.
Roadmap on photonic, electronic and atomic collision physics: III. Heavy particles: with zero to relativistic speeds
Authors: Aumayr Friedrich , Ueda Kiyoshi , Sokell Emma , Schippers Stefan , Sadeghpour Hossein , Merkt Frédéric , Gallagher Thomas F , Dunning F Barry , Scheier Paul , Echt Olof , Kirchner Tom , Fritzsche Stephan , Surzhykov Andrey , Ma Xinwen , Rivarola Roberto , Fojon Omar , Tribedi Lokesh , Lamour Emily , Crespo López-Urrutia José R , Litvinov Yuri A , Shabaev Vladimir , Cederquist Henrik , Zettergren Henning , Schleberger Marika , Wilhelm Richard A , Azuma Toshiyuki , Boduch Philippe , Schmidt Henning T , Stöhlker Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We publish three Roadmaps on photonic, electronic and atomic collision physics in order to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the ICPEAC conference. Roadmap III focusses on heavy particles: with zero to relativistic speeds. Modern theoretical and experimental approaches provide detailed insight into the wide range of many-body interactions involving projectiles and targets of varying complexity ranging from simple atoms, through molecules and clusters, complex biomolecules and nanoparticles to surfaces and crystals. These developments have been driven by technological progress and future developments will expand the horizon of the systems that can be studied. This Roadmap aims at looking back along the road, explaining the evolution of the field, and looking forward, collecting nineteen contributions from leading scientists in the field.
Tuning spinterface properties in iron/fullerene thin films
Authors: Mallik Srijani , Mohd Amir Syed , Koutsioubas Alexandros , Mattauch Stefan , Satpati Biswarup , Brückel Thomas , Bedanta Subhankar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In ferromagnetic (FM) metal/organic semiconductor (OSC) heterostructures charge transfer can occur which leads to induction of magnetism in the non-magnetic OSC. This phenomenon has been described by the change in the density of states in the OSC which leads to a finite magnetic moment at the OSC interface and it is called the ‘spinterface’. One of the main motivations in this field of organic spintronics is how to control the magnetic moment in the spinterface. In this regard, there are several open questions such as (i) which combination of FM and OSC can lead to more moment at the spinterface? (ii) Is the thickness of OSC also important? (iii) How does the spinterface moment vary with the FM thickness? (iv) Does the crystalline quality of the FM matter? (v) What is the effect of spinterface on magnetization reversal, domain structure and anisotropy? In this context, we have tried to answer the last four issues in this paper by studying Fe/C60 bilayers of variable Fe thickness deposited on Si substrates. We find that both the induced moment and thickness of the spinterface vary proportionally with the Fe thickness. Such behavior is explained in terms of the growth quality of the Fe layer on the native oxide of the Si (100) substrate. The magnetization reversal, domain structure and anisotropy of these bilayer samples were studied and compared with their respective reference samples without the C60 layer. It is observed that the formation of spinterface leads to a reduction in uniaxial anisotropy in Fe/C60 on Si (100) in comparison to their reference samples.
High-precision determination of silicon nanocrystals: optical spectroscopy versus electron microscopy
Authors: Köthemann Ronja , Weber Nils , Lindner Jörg K N , Meier Cedrik 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We evaluate different approaches to determine the diameter of silicon nanoparticles in the regime of ultra-small particle sizes (

d
<
5

nm

). The nanocrystals are fabricated using a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process and are embedded in a matrix of SiO2. For characterization, different experimental techniques can be used, ranging from optical measurements such as photoluminescence or nonlinear optical response over transmission electron microscopy. An extensive analysis leads to a high-precision size determination and a good agreement between most of the techniques. Apart from the particle size, additional information can be derived depending on the method of choice, such as exciton fine structure splitting energy, width of the particle size distribution etc. While the nonlinear signal shows the expected enhancement for smaller nanoparticle sizes, it turns out to be inadequate for determination of particle sizes with a high accuracy.
Field-tuned spin excitation spectrum of kπ skyrmion
Authors: Song Chengkun , Ma Yunxu , Jin Chendong , Wang Jinshuai , Xia Haiyan , Wang Jianbo , Liu Qingfang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We study spin wave excitation modes of kπ skyrmion (k = 1, 2, 3) in a magnetic nanodot under an external magnetic field along the z direction using micromagnetic simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. We find that a transition of kπ skyrmion to other skyrmion-like structures appears under some critical external fields, the corresponding spin wave excitations are simulated for each state under magnetic field. For skyrmion, the frequencies of excitation modes increases and then decreases with the low frequency mode splitting at a critical magnetic field. In addition to the well-known two in-plane rotation modes and an out-of-plane breathing mode of skyrmion, more excitation modes are found with a higher k (k = 2, 3). The excitation modes vary as a function of magnetic field, and the excitation frequencies for different modes exhibit a rapid or slight change depending on the field-induced change of magnetization profile. Our study indicates the rich spin wave excitations for kπ skyrmion and opens up the possibility for theoretical or experimental investigation of magnonics application.
Pump-probe nuclear spin relaxation study of the quantum Hall ferromagnet at filling factor ν = 2
Authors: Yang K F , Uddin M M , Nagase K , Mishima T D , Santos M B , Hirayama Y , Yang Z N , Liu H W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T
1 of the ν = 2 quantum Hall ferromagnet (QHF) formed in a gate-controlled InSb two-dimensional electron gas has been characterized using a pump-probe technique. In contrast to a long T
1 of quantum Hall states around ν = 1 that possesses a Korringa-type temperature dependence, the temperature-independent short T
1 of the ν = 2 QHF suggests the presence of low energy collective spin excitations in a domain wall. Furthermore, T
1 of this ferromagnetic state is also found to be filling- and current-independent. The interpretation of these results as compared to the T
1 properties of other QHFs is discussed in terms of the domain wall skyrmion, which will lead to a better understanding of the QHF.
Normal epithelial and triple-negative breast cancer cells show the same invasion potential in rigid spatial confinement
Authors: Ficorella Carlotta , Martínez Vázquez Rebeca , Heine Paul , Lepera Eugenia , Cao Jing , Warmt Enrico , Osellame Roberto , Käs Josef A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The extra-cellular microenvironment has a fundamental role in tumor growth and progression, strongly affecting the migration strategies adopted by single cancer cells during metastatic invasion. In this study, we use a novel microfluidic device to investigate the ability of mesenchymal and epithelial breast tumor cells to fluidize and migrate through narrowing microstructures upon chemoattractant stimulation. We compare the migration behavior of two mesenchymal breast cancer cell lines and one epithelial cell line, and find that the epithelial cells are able to migrate through the narrowest microconstrictions as the more invasive mesenchymal cells. In addition, we demonstrate that migration of epithelial cells through a highly compressive environment can occur in absence of a chemoattractive stimulus, thus evidencing that they are just as prone to react to mechanical cues as invasive cells.
A retrospective evaluation of automated optimization of deep brain stimulation parameters
Authors: Vorwerk Johannes , Brock Andrea A , Anderson Daria N , Rolston John D , Butson Christopher R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective. We performed a retrospective analysis of an optimization algorithm for the computation of patient-specific multipolar stimulation configurations employing multiple independent current/voltage sources. We evaluated whether the obtained stimulation configurations align with clinical data and whether the optimized stimulation configurations have the potential to lead to an equal or better stimulation of the target region as manual programming, while reducing the time required for programming sessions.Approach. For three patients (five electrodes) diagnosed with essential tremor, we derived optimized multipolar stimulation configurations using an approach that is suitable for the application in clinical practice. To evaluate the automatically derived stimulation settings, we compared them to the results of the monopolar review.Main results. We observe a good agreement between the findings of the monopolar review and the optimized stimulation configurations, with the algorithm assigning the maximal voltage in the optimized multipolar pattern to the contact that was found to lead to the best therapeutic effect in the clinical monopolar review in all cases. Additionally, our simulation results predict that the optimized stimulation settings lead to the activation of an equal or larger volume fraction of the target compared to the manually determined settings in all cases.Significance. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of an automatic determination of optimal DBS configurations and motivate a further evaluation of the applied optimization algorithm.
On the dynamics of a smart tensegrity structure using shape memory alloy
Authors: Martins Daniel , Paupitz Gonçalves Paulo José 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A tensegrity system is composed by two types of elements, tensile and compressive parts, which promotes the structural stability of the system, in this case the tensile parts are cables (steel cables), and the compressive parts are bars made of steel. An attractive characteristic of a tensegrity structure is the capability to be deployable, for this reason, is interesting for space applications due to the small volume that occupy in a possible transport to a station outside the earth. In general, these structures can be large with many repetitive cells. In this work, a tensegrity boom structure consisting of ten periodic cells made of bars and cables is studied. The numerical model, obtained by finite element method, is validated experimentally considering the case of one structural cell. In order to make the system adaptable to external excitation, one of the steel cables in the tensegrity is replaced by a SMA (shape memory alloy) cable (nitinol) allowing the dynamics characteristics of the system to be changed according to an electrical current applied SMA. Various configurations for placing the SMA cable are studied with the objective of reducing the vibration amplitudes for harmonic force excitation.