bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of gestural polysigns and gestural sequences in teaching mathematical concepts
Authors: Ovendale Alice , Brookes Heather , Colletta Jean-Marc , Davis Zain 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the conceptual pedagogical value of representational gestures in the context of teaching halving to first graders. We use the concept of the ‘polysign’ as an analytical tool and introduce the notion of a ‘mathematics gesture sequence’ to assess the conceptual role gestures play in explicating mathematical concepts. In our study of four teachers each teaching a lesson on halving, they produced representational polysign gestures that provided multiple layers of information, and chained these gestures in mathematical gestural sequences to spatially represent the operation of halving. Their use of gestures and their ability to use gestures accurately to convey mathematical concepts varied. During the lesson, learners, whose teachers used few representational gestures or used gestures that were conceptually incongruent with the mathematical concept, expressed more confusion than learners whose teachers used conceptually appropriate gestures. While confusion can be a productive part of the learning process, our analysis shows that producing conceptually appropriate gestures may be important in mediating concepts and the transition from concrete and personal symbolic processes to institutional mathematical signs.
Embodied concept mapping
Authors: Marmolejo-Ramos Fernando , Khatin-Zadeh Omid , Yazdani-Fazlabadi Babak , Tirado Carlos , Sagi Eyal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetaphors are cognitive and linguistic tools that allow reasoning. They enable the understanding of abstract domains via elements borrowed from concrete ones. The underlying mechanism in metaphorical mapping is the manipulation of concepts. This article proposes another view on what concepts are and their role in metaphor and reasoning. That is, based on current neuroscientific and behavioural evidence, it is argued that concepts are grounded in perceptual and motor experience with physical and social environments. This definition of concepts is then embedded in theStructure-Mapping Theory(SMT), a model for metaphorical processing and reasoning. The blended view of structure-mapping and embodied cognition offers an insight into the processes through which the target domain of a metaphor is embodied or realised in terms of its base domain. The implications of the proposed embodied SMT model are then discussed and future topics of investigation are outlined.
El infinitivo enunciativo como estrategia atenuante
Authors: Villalba Ibañez Cristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractoEl objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las funciones discursivas que desarrollan los infinitivos enunciativos en los juicios orales, qué tipo de variantes gramaticales pueden presentar, con qué frecuencia aparecen en los juicios orales y, en relación con estas preguntas, valorar si se trata de un mecanismo lingüístico asociado a una comunidad de práctica. Para ello se parte de un corpus de juicios orales españoles. Este género pertenece al registro formal, utiliza el canal oral y está compuesto en su mayor parte por secuencias monológicas. Estas características son, de acuerdo conRidruejo (1992), algunos de los rasgos que favorecen la presencia de este infinitivo. Tras analizar los datos siguiendo una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, se comprobó que los infinitivos enunciativos pueden desarrollar una función procesal, una función estructuradora y una función atenuante. Asimismo, se comprobó que el uso del infinitivo enunciativo se adscribe al discurso de los juristas y, más concretamente, al de los letrados.
Quechuan terms for internal organs of the torso
Authors: Urban Matthias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the terminology for the major internal organs of the torso across the Quechuan language family. From both semasiological and onomasiological points of view, differences in the synchronic organization of the semantic field across individual Quechua varieties as well as the diachronic developments that brought them about are described. Particular attention is also paid to semantic reconstruction within the field at the proto-Quechua level, and, with recourse to recent efforts at internal reconstruction, also beyond. Another recurrent theme is the interrelation between lexical data and the conceptions of anatomy and bodily functions encountered in quechua-speaking communities. A major conclusion is that an engagement with such perspectives allows for a considerably richer understanding of lexical organization in synchrony and diachrony than linguistic data alone could provide.
Areal sound change and the distributional typology of affricate richness in Eurasia
Authors: Nikolaev Dmitry , Grossman Eitan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper makes a contribution to phonological typology by investigating the distribution of affricate-rich languages in Eurasia. It shows that affricate-rich and affricate-dense languages cluster areally within Eurasia and have area-specific histories. In particular, the affricate-rich areas of western Eurasia – a ‘European’ area and a Caucasian area – are not the result of contact-induced sound changes or borrowing, while the two affricate-rich areas of eastern Eurasia – the Hindukush area and the Eastern Himalayan area – are the result of contact. Specifically, affricate-dense areas depend on the emergence of retroflex affricates. Moreover, languages outside these affricate-dense areas tend to lose retroflex affricates.
Two locative constructions in Caijia from the typological perspective of Asian languages
Authors: Lü Shanshan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper sets out to examine two locative constructions found in Caijia, an unclassified language with many Sinitic features spoken in Guizhou province of China, using the framework ofAmeka & Levinson’s (2007)typology of locative predicates (basiclocativeconstruction [blc]). These are the locative verb construction and the positional verb construction, both of which are used to answer the question ‘Where is the X?’. The different syntactic, semantic and pragmatic constraints on the usage of these two main constructions are described and analyzed in detail as well, while the locative verb construction is identified as the basic locative construction.The present paper also studies the core constituents in these two constructions, for example, localizers, which serve to indicate a relative spatial relation between two entities and for whose nominal nature we argue in this paper, a locative verb whose source is ‘live, dwell’, and two types of positional verbs. Even though Caijia is a language very close in its characteristics to Sinitic languages, this study demonstrates certain unusual features, atypical for Sinitic. We also show that Caijia does not bear out all the predictions proposed by Ameka & Levinson for the locative verbs in the languages of the single locative type, nor does it entirely conform with the hierarchy for theblcencoding (Ameka & Levinson 2007).
The on-line emergence of Hebrew insubordinateshe- (‘that/which/who’) clauses
Authors: Maschler Yael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examines the on-line emergence of insubordinate clauses in Hebrew conversation as constrained by local interactional contingencies, questioning traditional notions of grammatical ‘subordination’ and contributing to conceptions of grammar as a locally sensitive, temporally unfolding resource for social interaction. The clauses examined are syntactically unintegrated (unembedded in any matrix clause), or loosely-integrated (cannot be viewed unambiguously as constituting a relative, complement, or adverbial clause), yet they all begin withshe- – the general ‘subordinating conjunction’ in traditional Modern Hebrew grammar. All 102 insubordinateshe- clauses found throughout a 5.5 hour audio-recorded corpus were classified according to their discourse function: modal, elaborative, or evaluative/epistemic. Leaving aside the modal type, the remaining insubordinateshe- clauses (N = 70, 69%) are shown to emerge on-line while speakers are busy performing a variety of tasks and responding to local interactional contingencies. In all of these casesshe- functions as a generic ‘wildcard’ tying back to immediately prior discourse and projecting an elaboration/evaluation of it, in either same- or other-speaker talk. The findings concerning insubordinate clauses suggest a usage-based perspective also on canonical subordinate clauses, positioning canonical and syntactically unintegrated clauses at two ends of a continuum.
A new classifier-based plural morpheme in German Sign Language (DGS)
Authors: Herbert Marjorie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
German Sign Language (DGS) displays variation in the simple plural, the form of which is conditioned by classes of phonological
features within the lexicon. As a consequence, the overt realization of the plural marker is restricted to a small set of nouns
specified for the appropriate phonological features, while the rest are left bare (Pfau &
Steinbach 2005, 2006; Steinbach
2012). Pfau & Steinbach (2005) report a number of ‘alternative
pluralization strategies’ available as repairs for this underspecification, including classifier constructions, spatial
localization, and number and quantifier phrases. I propose a previously undescribed mechanism for plural marking, the
‘classifier-based plural morpheme’ (CLP), grammaticalized from the classifier system into a morpheme in the grammars of individual
DGS signers. Elicitation data show that this morpheme attaches only to nouns which are specified for phonological features that
restrict the realization of the canonical plural marker, adding a new option to the range of pluralization strategies
available.
An Intelligent Exhaust Gas Processing System for Desktop 3D Printer
Authors: Cai Ligang , Li Shunlei , Cheng Qiang , Liu Zhifeng , Cui Wei , Fu Huirong 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
With the rapid development of 3D printing technology, desktop 3D printers have gradually become popular. The mainstream 3D printing technologies are FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), SLA (Stereolithography), and SLS (Selective Laser Sintering). However, these 3D printing technologies will cause environmental problems during printing, and UFP (ultra-fine particles) and some harmful gases and dust will be emitted during work, which will affect human health. There is currently no treatment method for the pollution problem caused by 3D printing. In this paper, an intelligent exhaust gas processing system that can perform adsorption and catalysis is developed for desktop 3D printers such as FDM, SLA, and SLS. Using 51 single-chip microcomputers as the operation and data processing center, on the basis of manual control of the processor switches, a digital universal particle concentration sensor was adopted, and a new type of intelligent exhaust gas treatment system was designed based on the change of the internal particle concentration in the printer. In order to achieve the intelligence of the exhaust gas treatment.
Complications of Cryolipolysis: Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia (PAH) and Beyond
Authors: Khan Misbah 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Cryolipolysis is a fairly popular procedure performed in North America, Europe, and many other countries. Although it is considered a rather safe procedure, there are underreported side effects such as paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH), contour irregularities, skin and soft tissue atrophy, and asymmetries. Our knowledge regarding the prevalence and treatment of such complications is limited.

Objectives
We hereby report a case series of 5 patients treated for various complications of cryolipolysis, including PAH, that persisted for more than 12 months after their last treatment.

Methods
Five patients with various complications of cryolipolysis (4 patients with PAH and 1 with atrophy and indentations) presented in our private office between 2015 and 2018. Three of the 4 patients with PAH were treated at other facilities with ultrasonic liposuction, laser lipolysis, and radiofrequency skin tightening devices respectively. The fourth patient developed PAH after liposuction at another facility. The fifth patient developed several areas of indentations and atrophy and received mesotherapy and lymphatic massages at another facility. All 5 patients were subsequently treated in our office by means of a customized approach specific to their underlying complications.

Results
Near-normal results were achieved in all 5 patients. None of our patients showed any recurrences of their initial complication for which they were treated. All 5 patients were extremely satisfied with their results.

Conclusions
Cryolipolysis, just like any other form of lipolysis, has certain specific adverse effects associated with it, including but not limited to PAH. Complications of cryolipolysis must be individually recognized and treated accordingly.

Level of Evidence: 4
methylGSA: a Bioconductor package and Shiny app for DNA methylation data length bias adjustment in gene set testing
Authors: Ren Xu , Kuan Pei Fen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivationAn important downstream analysis following differential expression from RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) or DNA methylation analysis is the gene set testing to relate significant genes or CpGs to known biological properties. However, the traditional gene set testing approaches result in biased P-values due to the difference in gene length. Existing methods accounting for length bias were primarily developed for RNA-Seq data. For DNA methylation data profiled using the Illumina arrays, separate methods adjusting for the number of CpGs instead of gene length are necessary.ResultsWe developed methylGSA, a Bioconductor package for gene set testing in DNA methylation data. Our accompanying Shiny app provides an interactive way of accessing functions and visualizing the results in methylGSA package.Availability and implementationmethylGSA is available at Bioconductor repository: https://bioconductor.org/packages/methylGSA and Shiny app is available at: http://www.ams.sunysb.edu/%7epfkuan/softwares.html#methylGSA.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Procalcitonin-guided Antibiotic Treatment in Patients With Positive Blood Cultures: A Patient-level Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Meier Marc A , Branche Angela , Neeser Olivia L , Wirz Yannick , Haubitz Sebastian , Bouadma Lila , Wolff Michel , Luyt Charles E , Chastre Jean , Tubach Florence , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Corti Caspar , Jensen Jens-Ulrik S , Deliberato Rodrigo O , Kristoffersen Kristina B , Damas Pierre , Nobre Vandack , Oliveira Carolina F , Shehabi Yahya , Stolz Daiana , Tamm Michael , Mueller Beat , Schuetz Philipp 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Whether procalcitonin (PCT)–guided antibiotic management in patients with positive blood cultures is safe remains understudied. We performed a patient-level meta-analysis to investigate effects of PCT-guided antibiotic management in patients with bacteremia.

Methods
We extracted and analyzed individual data of 523 patients with positive blood cultures included in 13 trials, in which patients were randomly assigned to receive antibiotics based on PCT levels (PCT group) or a control group. The main efficacy endpoint was duration of antibiotic treatment. The main safety endpoint was mortality within 30 days.

Results
Mean duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly shorter for 253 patients who received PCT-guided treatment than for 270 control patients (–2.86 days [95% confidence interval [CI], –4.88 to –.84]; P = .006). Mortality was similar in both arms (16.6% vs 20.0%; P = .263). In subgroup analyses by type of pathogen, we noted a trend of shorter mean antibiotic durations in the PCT arm for patients infected with gram-positive organisms or Escherichia coli and significantly shorter treatment for subjects with pneumococcal bacteremia. In analysis by site of infection, antibiotic exposure was shortened in PCT subjects with Streptococcus pneumoniae respiratory infection and those with E. coli urogenital infections.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis of patients with bacteremia receiving PCT-guided antibiotic management demonstrates lower antibiotic exposure without an apparent increase in mortality. Few differences were demonstrated in subgroup analysis stratified by type or site of infection but notable for decreased exposure in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and E. coli urogenital infections.
Conversion from tacrolimus to belatacept improves renal function in kidney transplant patients with chronic vascular lesions in allograft biopsy
Authors: Pérez-Sáez María José , Yu Bryant , Uffing Audrey , Murakami Naoka , Borges Thiago J , Azzi Jamil , El Haji Sandra , Gabardi Steve , Riella Leonardo V 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundConversion from tacrolimus to belatacept has been shown to be beneficial for an increasing number of kidney transplant (KT) patients. Predicting factors for favorable outcomes are still unknown. We aimed to investigate whether histological vascular lesions at the time of conversion might correlate with greater improvement in renal function post-conversion.MethodsThe study was conducted on a retrospective cohort of 34 KT patients converted from tacrolimus to belatacept. All patients underwent an allograft biopsy prior to conversion. We analyzed the evolution of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 3 and 12 months after conversion.ResultsMedian time to conversion was 6 (2–37.2) months post-transplant. About 52.9% of patients had moderate-to-severe chronic vascular lesions (cv2–3). We observed an increase in eGFR in the whole cohort from 35.4 to 41 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 3 months (P = 0.032) and 43.7 at 12 months (P = 0.013). Nine patients experienced acute rejection post-conversion, with one graft loss observed beyond the first year after conversion. Patients with cv2–3 had significant improvement in eGFR at 12 months (+8.6 mL/min/1.73 m2; 31.6 to 40.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.047) compared with those without these lesions (+6.8 mL/min/1.73 m2; 40.9 to 47.7 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.148).ConclusionsConversion from tacrolimus to belatacept has a beneficial effect in terms of renal function in KT patients. This benefit might be more significant in patients with cv in the biopsy.
First Peoples
Authors: Brennan Sean , Davis Megan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the constitutional silence regarding Australia's First Peoples and the story behind it. In the process, the chapter illuminates the nature of future challenges. It draws attention to the legal domains beyond the founding document of 1901, such as legislation and the common law, as well as government policy and practice, and their interplay with the Constitution, in its original and amended form. The situation regarding Australia's First Peoples is thus analysed through four prisms: sovereignty and treaty-making, rights and freedoms, political participation and decision-making, and constitutional symbolism. Each theme draws on particular events from the past.
Federation
Authors: Crennan Susan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the federation of Australia, which has been described as ‘the greatest political achievement in Australian history’. In fact, this achievement transcended intercolonial rivalries, disparate fiscal policies, and other inequalities and distinctions between the Australian colonies, and personal and political antagonisms. The embodiment of federation, the Australian Constitution, a ‘political instrument’, furthermore combines constitutional monarchy, separate legislative, executive, and judicial powers as in the United States of America, and responsible parliamentary government modelled on the Westminster system and democracy. Federation required national sentiment and a national vision. It also required a willingness to accept compromise to further that national vision, tempered by widespread acceptance of continued dependence on Britain.
Common Law
Authors: Gummow William 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the meaning of the term ‘common law’ and its application in the context of Australian federalism. It discusses some views on common law vis-à-vis the Constitution, as well as the history of the development of common law in Australia. The common law of Australia includes the choice of law rules. The common law choice of law rules select which of the competing State or Territory laws is the lex causae. They apply either directly in the court of the forum, or where federal jurisdiction is exercised, as ‘picked up’ by operation of section 80 of the Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth). A further significant aspect of the development of the common law of Australia is its illustration of the temporal character of the common law.
Co-Operative Federalism
Authors: French Robert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter studies the term ‘co-operative federalism’ and the part it plays in the working of Australia's constitutional arrangements. Co-operative federalism, as practised in Australia, is immanent in the functioning of the federation but has an extra-constitutional dimension. It is designed to serve objectives which go well beyond those achievable by the exercise of Commonwealth legislative power and the separate exercise by the States of their powers. It may well have a tendency to centralize power notwithstanding the intergovernmental agreements and supervisory arrangements involved in its implementation. Every topic which is treated, albeit by consensus, as one requiring co-operative action becomes potentially a topic of which it can be said that it is best dealt with at a national level.
Property
Authors: Weis Lael K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the unique formulation of section 51(xxxi), the expropriation clause found in the Australian Constitution. In particular, the chapter suggests that there are unresolved tensions between the status of section 51(xxxi) as a legislative power-conferring provision and its status as a constitutional guarantee. These tensions are most evident in the High Court's regulatory expropriations jurisprudence. Despite the High Court's insistence that section 51(xxxi) is best understood as a constitutional guarantee and not a supplementary grant of legislative power, the High Court has tackled this key interpretive question by using the same approach used to determine whether a law falls within a grant of legislative power. The chapter suggests that these tensions ultimately betray a deeper ambivalence about the place of rights in Australian constitutionalism.
Religion
Authors: Evans Carolyn 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter turns to section 116 of the Commonwealth Constitution in Australia, which prohibits the Commonwealth from legislating in respect of religion. After an overview of the history and context of section 116, this chapter examines the way that the High Court has interpreted the term ‘religion’, the free exercise clause, and the establishment clause. The definitional issue brings the Court closest to the usual interpretative exercise relevant to other constitutional and statutory provisions. Its case law in this area has been more sophisticated and detailed than has been in the other two areas. With respect to religious freedom and non-establishment, the Court has had a focus on technical aspects of interpretation, parliamentary sovereignty, and limitations of the role of the courts that have allowed it to avoid the necessity of engaging in the deeper, more complex issues that arise in similar constitutional contexts.