bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity evidence for Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool Revised (QIKAT-R) scores: consequences of rater number and type using neurology cases
Authors: Kassardjian Charles , Park Yoon Soo , Braksick Sherri , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy , Robertson Carrie , Young Nathan , Leep Hunderfund Andrea 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo develop neurology scenarios for use with the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool Revised (QIKAT-R), gather and evaluate validity evidence, and project the impact of scenario number, rater number and rater type on score reliability.MethodsSix neurological case scenarios were developed. Residents were randomly assigned three scenarios before and after a quality improvement (QI) course in 2015 and 2016. For each scenario, residents crafted an aim statement, selected a measure and proposed a change to address a quality gap. Responses were scored by six faculty raters (two with and four without QI expertise) using the QIKAT-R. Validity evidence from content, response process, internal structure, relations to other variables and consequences was collected. A generalisability (G) study examined sources of score variability, and decision analyses estimated projected reliability for different numbers of raters and scenarios and raters with and without QI expertise.ResultsRaters scored 163 responses from 28 residents. The mean QIKAT-R score was 5.69 (SD 1.06). G-coefficient and Phi-coefficient were 0.65 and 0.60, respectively. Interrater reliability was fair for raters without QI expertise (intraclass correlation = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.72) and acceptable for raters with QI expertise (intraclass correlation = 0.66, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.88). Postcourse scores were significantly higher than precourse scores (6.05, SD 1.48 vs 5.22, SD 1.5; p < 0.001). Sufficient reliability for formative assessment (G-coefficient > 0.60) could be achieved by three raters scoring six scenarios or two raters scoring eight scenarios, regardless of rater QI expertise.ConclusionsValidity evidence was sufficient to support the use of the QIKAT-R with multiple scenarios and raters to assess resident QI knowledge application for formative or low-stakes summative purposes. The results provide practical information for educators to guide implementation decisions.
Fosdagrocorat (PF-04171327) versus prednisone or placebo in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, phase IIb study
Authors: Buttgereit Frank , Strand Vibeke , Lee Eun Bong , Simon-Campos Abraham , McCabe Dorothy , Genet Astrid , Tammara Brinda , Rojo Ricardo , Hey-Hadavi Judith 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesGlucocorticoids have anti-inflammatory, transrepression-mediated effects, although adverse events (AEs; transactivation-mediated effects) limit long-term use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of fosdagrocorat (PF-04171327), a dissociated agonist of the glucocorticoid receptor, versus prednisone or placebo.MethodsIn this 12-week, phase II, randomised controlled trial, 323 patients with moderate to severe RA were randomised 1:1:1:1:1:1:1 to fosdagrocorat (1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg), prednisone (5 mg or 10 mg) or placebo, once daily. The primary endpoints (week 8) were American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR20) responses, and percentage changes from baseline in biomarkers of bone formation (procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide [P1NP]) and resorption (urinary N-telopeptide to urinary creatinine ratio [uNTx:uCr]). Safety was assessed.ResultsACR20 responses with fosdagrocorat 10 mg and 15 mg were superior to placebo, and fosdagrocorat 15 mg was non-inferior to prednisone 10 mg (week 8 model-predicted ACR20 responses: 47%, 61%, 69% and 73% vs 51%, 71% and 37% with fosdagrocorat 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg and 15 mg vs prednisone 5 mg, 10 mg and placebo, respectively). Percentage changes from baseline in P1NP with fosdagrocorat 1 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg met non-inferiority criteria to prednisone 5 mg. Corresponding changes in uNTx:uCr varied considerably. All fosdagrocorat doses reduced glycosylated haemoglobin levels. AEs were similar between groups; 63 (19.5%) patients reported treatment-related AEs; 9 (2.8%) patients reported serious AEs. No patients had adrenal insufficiency, treatment-related significant infections or laboratory abnormalities. No deaths were reported.ConclusionIn patients with RA, fosdagrocorat 10 mg and 15 mg demonstrated efficacy similar to prednisone 10 mg and safety similar to prednisone 5 mg.Trial registration numberNCT01393639
Delays in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis in Low-Incidence Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mathiasen Victor Dahl , Hansen Anders Kramer , Eiset Andreas Halgreen , Lillebaek Troels , Wejse Christian 
Published: April 2019

Early detection and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is essential to achieve the goals appointed in the WHO End TB Strategy. Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLA) is the most common manifestation of extrapulmonary TB, but the diagnosis can be challenging in low-incidence countries due to sparse and inconsistent clinical features, resulting in delay. We aimed to summarize and discuss the current literature on patient delay, health care delay, and total delay (i.e., time to first health care contact, diagnosis, and treatment) in patients with TBLA in TB low-incidence countries. A systematic review using PubMed was conducted, searching for studies set in TB low-incidence countries (defined as &#x3c;20 per 100,000 citizens) that reported on health care seeking behaviour, patient delay, health care delay, and/or total delay. Studies were categorized by type of delay and compared. We identified 11 heterogeneous studies with highly variable observations. Mean patient delay varied from 55 to 154 days (range, 14–1,461), mean health care delay from 44 to 94 days (range, 7–224) and median total delay from 77.5 to 122 days (range, 0–2,820). Evidently, more comprehensive insights into the diagnostic pathway and delay in TBLA patients are warranted.
Oligochaetes from underground waters of Oman with descriptions of two new species of Phreodrilidae (Oligochaeta): Antarctodrilus arabicus n. sp. and Phreodrilus stocki n. sp.
Authors: Martínez-Ansemil Enrique , Giani Narcisse , Sambugar Beatrice 
Published: April 2019

The study of twenty-nine oligochaete samples collected in 1996 by J. H. Stock and J. J. Vermeulen (University of Amsterdam), in the Sultanate of Oman, allowed us to draw up an initial inventory of the freshwater oligochaete fauna of the Arabian peninsula, a fauna totally unknown until now. The 147 specimens examined belong to nine species of four families: Phreodrilidae, Naididae, Tubificidae and Enchytraeidae. The Phreodrilidae(2 species) represent more than half of the total specimens; whilst the rest belong mainly to the Naididae.
Two new species of Phreodrilidae (Antarctodrilus arabicus n. sp. and Phreodrilus stocki n. sp.) are described. Both belong to the subfamily Phreodrilinae,until now not reported from north of the tropic of Capricorn. Other identified species include Dero (Dero) zeylanica, Allonais paraguayensis and Doliodrilus puertoricensis, which are for the first time recorded in subterranean habitats.
These studies confirm the hypothesis of the presence of Phreodrilidae in the Arabian peninsula as relict taxa inhabiting refuges in hyporheic/groundwater habitats.
The presence of an oligochaete fauna with marine phyletic affinities in underground waters already highlighted in Europe now equally applies to the Arabian peninsula with the discovery of the tubificid genera Aktedrilus and Doliodrilus in the underground habitats of Oman. As these genera already are well known from the littoral marine or brackish water with a wide range of salinity, we have additional evidence that the migration of interstitial marine meiobenthic tubificid species through water of decreasing salinity may be a way of colonising the subterranean freshwaters.
The present record of Doliodrilus puertoricensis (Limnodriloidinae), previously known from Puerto Rico and Belize in the western Atlantic Ocean, represents a large extension of its known distribution area.
“Large Ocean States”: Sovereignty, Small Islands, and Marine Protected Areas in Global Oceans Governance
Authors: Chan Nicholas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Small island states are typically portrayed as vulnerable and insignificant actors in international affairs. This article traces the emerging self-identification of “large ocean states” that these small island states in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are now employing, juxtaposing their miniscule landmass and populations with the possession of sovereign authority over large swathes of the world’s oceans. Such authority is increasingly being exercised in the context of biodiversity conservation through expanding marine protected areas (an element of both the Sustainable Development Goals and the Aichi Targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity) as an expression of “ecological responsibility.” This new exercise of green sovereignty reinforces state control over spaces previously governed only at a distance, but control made possible only through compromises with nonstate actors to fund, monitor, and govern these MPAs.
The Diplomatic Corps of Things
Authors: Dittmer Jason 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The social history of diplomacy includes many elements, one of which is assemblage, or the material spaces of diplomatic activity and the various bodies they include. Another is the state effect – the documents and objects of diplomacy – as well as the state affect – the more intangible understandings and beliefs that condition diplomacy and lay well outside the state itself. Assemblage, effects, and affects, taken together, must form the basis of a deeper understanding of diplomatic relations and a new diplomatic history.
Sensitivity of Fine-Needle Aspiration and Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis of Low-Grade Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Garrett Samuel L. , Trott Kiley , Sebastiano Christopher , Wolf Michael J. , Rao Neeta K. , Curry Joseph M. , Cognetti David M. , Luginbuhl Adam J. 
Published: April 2019

Objective:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and imaging modalities for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the parotid gland.Methods:Retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with low-grade MEC of the parotid gland following surgical excision between January 2010 and June 2018. Imaging from patients with MEC were randomly mixed with imaging from patients with benign pathology and reviewed in a blinded fashion. Main outcome measure was sensitivity.Results:A total of 24 patients were confirmed to have had low-grade MEC on final pathology, with a total of 31 FNAs performed between them. Twelve of 31 FNAs were positive for low-grade MEC, with a sensitivity of 39%. A total of 27 imaging studies were reviewed, which included 16 patients with low-grade MEC and 11 patients with benign pathology. Of these 27 imaging studies, 10 were declared indeterminate. Of the remaining 17 imaging studies, 13 were reviewed as malignant (11 true positive and 2 false positive) and 4 as benign (4 true negative). Overall magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity for low-grade MEC was 100% (9/9) with 95% CI (0.66-1.0) when considering indeterminate results as positive for malignancy.Conclusion:This study reaffirms that for low-grade MEC, sensitivity of FNA is poor. MRI provides an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of salivary gland neoplasms, due to its increased sensitivity for low-grade MEC when considering indeterminate results as positive. This provides confidence in the diagnosis of benign tumors and allows appropriate counseling of all options to the patient, including observation. Imaging and low threshold of excision should be considered despite an inflammatory or benign FNA.
Full age spectrum equation versus CKD-EPI and MDRD equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate in adults with obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Cai Kedan , Chai Lingxiong , Luo Qun , Dai Zhiwei , Wu Lingping , Hong Yue 
Published: April 2019

Objective To compare the full age spectrum (FAS) equation with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations in predicting glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with obstructive nephropathy. Methods Adult patients with obstructive nephropathy who had undergone a GFR measurement using technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid radioisotope renography were enrolled in the study. The measured GFR was taken as the reference value. Bias, precision and accuracy were compared between the three equations. Kappa test and the Bland–Altman method were used to evaluate the classification and the agreement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to describe the diagnostic accuracy of each equation. Results A total of 327 patients were enrolled. The P30 value for the FAS equation was 60.2% in the overall study cohort. The FAS equation had the highest diagnostic accuracy (ROCAUC = 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84, 0.91) compared with the MDRD equation (ROCAUC = 0.86, 95% CI 0.82, 0.89). The median bias of the FAS equation was significantly higher than that of the MDRD equation (8.7 versus 7.6 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively). Conclusions Despite the drawbacks associated with each equation, the FAS equation was probably closer to ideal to estimate GFR in patients with obstructive nephropathy.
Dentist-related factors influencing the use of vital pulp therapy: a survey among dental practitioners in China
Authors: Li Mengjie , Hu Xiaoli , Li Xiaolan , Lei Shuxiang , Cai Ming , Wei Xi , Deng Dongmei 
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate dentist-related factors associated with the use of vital pulp therapy (VPT) for the treatment of pulp exposures in permanent teeth. Methods This survey-based study sent an online questionnaire to collect data on the demographics of the respondents, the use of VPT and the choice of materials for VPT, to all members of the Society of Endodontology of Guangdong, China. Results A total 183 of 380 members responded (48.2%). The majority (89.6%; 164 of 183) had performed direct pulp capping (DPC) while 55.2% (101 of 183) had performed partial pulpotomy (PP) at least once. The most-cited reason for not performing VPT was unfamiliarity with the technique. Mineral trioxide aggregate was the most commonly used material for both DPC (67.1%; 110 of 164) and PP (73.3%; 74 of 101). Endodontists, compared with general practitioners, preferred to perform DPC and chose calcium silicate materials (CSMs) for VPT (odds ratios 5.81 and 8.07, respectively). DPC and CSMs for VPT were also favoured more by respondents who had practised for > 5 years. Senior respondents were more likely to use PP. Conclusions Speciality, years of practise and age of dentists influenced the decision making and the choice of materials for VPT. Continuing education is essential to promote the clinical use of VPT.
Outcomes of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery in Adolescents
Authors: Ouillette Ryan , Edmonds Eric , Chambers Henry , Bastrom Tracey , Pennock Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Background: Although primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions have been well studied in children and adolescents, the literature lacks information about revision ACL reconstructions in this population. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the outcomes of revision ACL surgeries in the pediatric population. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on all revision ACL reconstructions performed at a single institution between 2009 and 2017. Patient demographic, injury, and operative data from both the initial surgery and the revision were documented. Outcome measures included the Lysholm score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score, Tegner activity score, visual analog scale for pain, Hospital for Special Surgery Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale score, patient satisfaction, ability to return to the same level of sport, and any additional injury and/or surgery. Outcomes of the revision surgeries were compared with our institution’s outcome database of primary ACL reconstructions. Results: During the study period, 60 revision ACL reconstructions were performed in 57 patients. Of these patients, 84% (n = 48) were available for a minimum 2-year follow-up and a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. A greater number of meniscal tears and cartilage injuries were documented in the revision cohort. Compared with the primary cohort, the revision cohort had lower SANE scores, Lysholm scores, and satisfaction. Furthermore, the revision cohort had a higher rate of graft failure than the primary cohort (21% vs 9%, respectively; P = .015), and only 27% of revision patients returned to the same level of sport. In a comparison of revision procedures performed with autograft versus allograft tissue, the autograft patients had higher Lysholm scores than the allograft patients (91 vs 83, respectively; P = .045) and trended toward a lower failure rate (11% vs 27%, respectively; P = .199). Conclusion: Adolescent patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction had more meniscal and cartilage abnormalities, poorer functional outcomes, and higher graft failure rates than patients undergoing primary ACL reconstructions. Additionally, revision procedures performed with allograft tissue resulted in lower Lysholm scores and a trend toward higher failure rates. When an ACL graft fails in a young patient, strong consideration should be given to using autograft tissue for the revision.
The Influence of Consanguinity on Familial Clefting Among Palestinians
Authors: Saeed Omar B. , Moore Meredith Grogan , Zawahrah H. , Tayem M. , Kavoosi Tazheh , van Aalst John A. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Orofacial clefts (OFC) are the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. The relationship between intermarriage (consanguinity) and positive family history for OFC is not well described. Consanguinity rates in developed countries are <1% but are considerably higher in the Middle East (45%). Familial clefting rates in developed countries are under 20% but in the Middle East are reported at 30% or higher. Objective: To determine OFC demographics and to clarify the relationship between consanguinity and familial clefting among Palestinians. Design: The Palestinian Congenial Anomalies Database is based on a 700-question survey administered to mothers of children with congenital anomalies. Orofacial clefts were diagnosed in 540 children. All demographic data were analyzed using χ2 tests with a level of significance at α < .05. Results: Demographics for OFC among Palestinians were similar to other published reports. Overall consanguinity rate was 53% and familial clefting rate was 49%. Parental rates of consanguinity were significantly different for patients with cleft palate. Patients with consanguineous parents had a higher rate of positive family history of clefting (67%). Recurrence of clefts in siblings was significantly higher among those born to consanguineous parents (73%) when compared to nonconsanguineous parents. Conclusion: Consanguinity rates for Palestinians with OFC were higher than those reported in the Middle East. Familial clefting and sibling recurrence rates were also higher than expected. The risk of OFC may be mitigated with improved education about anticipated genetic consequences of consanguinity in high-risk populations such as the southern West Bank.
Adherence and Continued Participation in a Wellness Class for Individuals with Disabilities
Authors: Ware Megan Elizabeth , deMarrais Kathleen B , McCully Kevin K 
Published: April 2019

Background: For individuals with disabilities, adherence and participation in wellness programs is a challenge. Adherence and participation were explored in a wellness class for people with disabilities. Objective: Understand what factors impact participant adherence and participation in the wellness class. Methods: Eight wellness class participants, who have been in the class for 6 to 36 months, were chosen for qualitative interviews. Interview responses were coded and analyzed for overarching themes. Results: A total of 77 codes were obtained from interview data. The primary theme identified from the codes was related to social interaction with the student-trainers, divided into subthemes of social accountability, motivation, supporting classroom environment, and participant-student interaction. Conclusion: The primary factor influencing adherence and participation was related to social interaction with student-trainers. These results suggest that social interaction can play a major role in continued participation in exercise as well as exercise adherence.
Hispanic Community-Engaged Research: Community Partners as Our Teachers to Improve Diabetes Self-Management
Authors: Allen Nancy A. , Colicchio Vanessa D. , Litchman Michelle L. , Gibson Bryan , Villalta Jeanette , Sanchez-Birkhead Ana C. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is a strategy often employed to address public health priorities. We explored how to build effective, trusting relationships with key community stakeholders and a group of Hispanic/Latinos with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to develop culturally appropriate projects. Method In the process of implementing a Patient-Centered Outcome Research Initiative (PCORI) award, our Community Advisory Board (CAB) met monthly to develop a set of comparative effectiveness research questions along with the interventions to develop specific strategies to improve Hispanic/Latino individuals’ self-management of T2D. An agenda was prepared for each meeting targeting the PCORI grant timeline. Notes were taken during these meetings and analyzed to determine effective strategies. Results Ten strategies were identified that led to the success of this CBPR project and to the current sustainability phase. Instrumental to our success was our partnership with a community health worker (CHW) who co-lead this research project. The CHW and CAB individualized general CBPR strategies to make this project successful in their community. Conclusion Our community partners became influential knowledge holders throughout this research process. They improved researchers’ understanding of how to address the needs of Hispanic/Latino individuals with T2D and how community members could become leaders within their community.