bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the gap in assessing activities of daily living in resource-constrained rural settings: An integrative review of existing frameworks and instruments
Authors: McAdam Jennifer Claire , Casteleijn Daleen , Franzsen Denise 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The non-availability of indoor piped water and electricity results in alternate forms of personal care and domestic tasks in resource-constrained rural settings. This article examines the applicability of existing measures for the contextual assessment of basic and instrumental Activities of Daily Living (bADLs and iADLs) in these settings.
Method: An integrative review guided by the approach of Lubbe et al (2020) was conducted. Structured database searches of CINAHL, Scopus and Sabinet identified published articles which were subjected to eligibility criteria. Microsoft Excel was used to synthesize data.
Results: The search strategy yielded 591 articles that met the inclusion criteria, from which 187 ADL instruments were identified. Three instruments suited to resource-constrained rural settings were identified.
Conclusion: Occupational therapists should consider that existing ADL frameworks and instruments appear silent on the impact of limited access to household amenities in resource-constrained settings. This constitutes epistemic injustice as many rural households globally do not have potable water or adequate household energy supply. Global South occupational therapy curricula must include contextually relevant ADL frameworks and development of contextually relevant instruments should be prioritised.
Implications for Practice
The findings suggest that existing ADL instruments have limitations when utilised in the Global South, particularly in resource-constrained rural settings. As such, occupational therapists practicing in such settings need to interpret instrument scores with caution and apply contextual clinical reasoning in the best interests of service users. Furthermore, training institutions in the Global South must ensure that the limitations of existing ADL frameworks, models and instruments are made overt within curricula and that research efforts are directed towards the development of contextually relevant ADL instruments.
Charnockite-Quartzite Association in the Rangala-Madulkele Area, Ceylon
Authors: Cooray P. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Basic charnockites several feet thick and completely contained in quartzites of the Khondalite Series are common in the Rangala-Madulkele area of Ceylon. Recently however, extremely Darrow bands of basic charnockites, 1/3 to 1 1/2 inches thick, in quartzite, have been noted. The nature of the field occurrence and the petrographic characteristics of these locks are described. It is concluded that the significant features of these occurrences can be best explained on the assumption that the basic charnockites, at least in this area, are the metamorphosed equivalents of sediments which formed part of the Khondalite Series.
The "Champion Gneiss" in the Archaean Complex of Mysore, Southern India - A Review
Authors: Rama Rao B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Smeeth's classification of the granites and granitic gneisses comprising the major portion of the Archaean Complex of Mysore, into 4 separate epochs of plutonic intrusions starting with the" Champion Gneiss" as the earliest granitic intrusion into the Dharwar System, and his views that each of those intrusions comprise several types resulting from magmatic differentiation and crystallisation need some modifications as the author has already previously pointed out. This paper specially deals with the" Champion Gneiss"; and its position as an independent epoch of granitic intrusion is briefly reviewed and discussed.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the indiscriminate extension of the term "Champion Gneiss"-(the name originally given by Smeeth to a fine grained, opalescent quartz bearing micaceous gneiss, which he believed to be the highly crushed phase of the earliest granitic intrusion into the Dharwar System) to include several other types of schistose acidic and basic rocks which contain such opalescent quartz,:and even to some granites and other rock types which do not contain it, has led to much confusion in the classification, correlation, and correct interpretation of the origin of those types. Describing briefly the chief characteristics of the various types of rocks which have been included under the comprehensive term "Champion Gneiss", the author has now defined the term "Champion Gneiss". discarding from the group several types which cannot by any means be considered as granitic variants. The name is to be restricted only to the island-like exposures of granitic rocks within the schist belts, with their finer-grained marginal types and their undoubted crushed and altered phases.
The granites of this series are considered to have come up or intruded throwing aside their covers and crystallised directly from molten material (magma); the regions where we may expect to find the basement rocks of the Dharwar System, are also indicated.
Transformation of Peninsular Gneiss into Charnockite in Mysore State, India
Authors: Pichamuthu C. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A preliminary account is given in this paper of an example of rock transformation from near the village of Kabbal in southern Mysore State. In an area which is predominantly composed of Peninsular Gneiss, there is a development of charnockite in patches of varying shapes and dimensions. The gneiss is grey. banded and often contorted. It is generally biotitic but contains inclusions of hornblende schist. The charnockite is coarse-grained, greasy looking, and brownish-green in colour. Hypersthene occurs in big crystals. The gneissic foliations can often be traced right through the charnockitc patches,-evidence of the transformation of the banded gneisses into coarse grained charnockites.
Photographs taken in the field and photomicrographs of thin sections of some of the rock types illustrate stages in this interesting mode of formation of charnockites in Peninsular India.
The geological sketch map shows the position of Kabbal in relation to the occurrence of charnockites further south, in and towards the east of the Biligirirangan Hills, an area which forms part of the huge Nilgiri massif in Madras State. The locality described in this paper appears to be situated on the border of a zone of charnockitization where stages in the transformation of foliated gneiss into coarse charnockitc can be seen.
Chromian Antigorite from the Chromite Deposit near Byrapur, Mysore State, India
Authors: Varadarajan S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Scaly aggregates of purple or lavender coloured chromian antigorite occur interlaced with carbonates, in small veins, cutting across the chromite deposit near Byrapllr chromite mines, Mysore State. The physical, optical and chemical characters of the mineral are determined. The axial angle, refractive indices and birefringence of the mineral are higher than those of the normal antigorite, due to the presencc of chromium in the mineral. X-ray and electron microscopy studies of the mineral were made by Dr. G. W. Brindley and C. R. F. De Kimpe, in the Department of Ceramic Technology, Pennsylvania State University, U.S.A. X-ray powder diagram shows that it belongs to serpentine group; electron diffraction proves that the mineral is antigorite. It contains 3.86% of Cr2O3.
Scale of Geotectonic Phenomena
Authors: Warren Carey S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The processes of geotectonics range through fifteen orders of magnitude of length and have an equal spread in time. Many behaviour thresholds exist and because the several physical properties involve different powers of length or time, terms which are quite insignificant on one scale may be the dominant ones in others. No one mental or mathematical model has validity over the whole field; hence models must be deliberately selected for the time-size field of thinking or calculation. Nomenclature should change with field so that it signifies the kind of behaviour relevant to the scale. The time field for impact crater phenomena makes Dietz's astrobleme interpretation of the Vredefort dome extremely improbable.
The Pachmarhi Sandstones - A Statistical Study of Size Analysis
Authors: Saxena S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Pachmarhi formation is exposed in a lensoid outcrop on the northern slopes of the Satpuras. At Pachmarhi proper, the formation is arenaceous and consists of crossbedded sandstones, with intervening pebbly layers, dipping mainly towards the north. About forty samples have been mechanically analysed out of a total of seventy samples collected from three sections of 2000, 900 and 400 feet height. The statistical analysis has yielded certain descriptive measures according to the method of Inman. These measures, obtained on a phi scale, have been graphically analysed to note vertical trends of'central tendency, sorting, skewness and kurtosis in the three sections. Further, some fifteen selected sandstones have been analysed for their moment measures. These moment measures have been plotted on Friedman's graphical representations to find that the sands are very coarse grained and the points for most of the analysed samples fall within an area delimited for sands brought by currents as strong as those of rivers. The C M pattern suggests a winnowed beach sand and is comparable in appearance to one obtained in the case of marginal shelf Red Sea sediments by R. Pass ega.
The original configuration of the basin is supposed to be such that its floor was initially inclined 50 to 60 towards the north, and the rivers and other streams brought materials of gravel to fine clay grade which were spread on the floor of the basin by local currents. Each coset with 6'-10' thickness bounded by pebbly layers has cyclic frequency due to a continued subsidence of the basin along with deposition.
Coralline Algae from Nerinea Beds of Pondicherry South India
Authors: Sastry M. V. A. , Rao B. R. J. , Iqbaluddin  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper gives an account of the Corallinaceae from the Nerinea beds of Pond icherry, South India. Both Corallinae and Melobesieae lire present. Seven genera represented by twelve species of which four are new, are described. Evidence of Distichoplax hiserialis (Dietrich) and the planktonic foraminifera indicate a Palaeocene age for these beds.
Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Stratigraphy of Pondicherry, South India
Authors: Rajagopalan N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Three formal lithological units namely the Valudavur, Mettuveli, and Pondicherry formations have been recognised in the Cretaceous-Lower Tertiary rocks of Pondicherry, South India. The Pondicherry formation is divisible into four informal units viz: the lower marlstone, the algal limestone, the discocyclinid limestone and the upper marlstone. The three formations are defined. A detailed foraminiferal study of these units has shown that the Valudavur and Mettuveli formations are of late Cretaceous age and contain the Globotruncana lapparenti tricarinata and the Globotruncana gansseri assemblage zones. The existence of latest Maestrichtian strata in this area is doubtful. The Pondicherry formation is of Paleocene-Early Eocene age and contains all the planktonic foraminiferal zones established in Trinidad B. W. I. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is clearly definable in terms of the planktonic fauna. Results of a paleoecologic study of the sediments are presented. It appears that the Cretaceous-Early Tertiary sedimentation in the Pondicherry area took place under mid to outer neritic conditions.
Effects of Compression on Concentric Folds and Mechanism of Similar Folding
Authors: Mukhopadhyay D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effect of compressive strain on the thicknesses of concentrically folded beds is discussed. Two sets of graphs have been given illustrating the thickness variation due to compression. If the fold axis is parallel to one of the principal axes of strain the two dimensional strain on the profile plane can be directly determined from these graphs. When this is not so the numerical value obtained from the graphs will only give a qualitative idea of the two dimensional strain. If the fold axis has got a uniform orientation in space it will not be possible to determine the three dimensional strain from thickness measurements. Equations have been given by which the three dimensional strain can be computed if the fold axis has a variable orientation.
It has been shown that in compressed concentric folds there is a critical value of ? (? being the angle between the bedding plane and the normal to the axial plane), below which the fold will show a nearly perfect similar geometry. If in natural compressed concentric folds the maximum value of ? observed falls below this critical value the fold will show a similar geometry. Thus, it is possible to produce similar fold by compressing an initially concentric one.
An Attempt to Determine the Fe-Mg Content of Hornblendes by X-ray Diffractometric Method
Authors: Raychaudhuri Bimalendu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An attempt was made to devise a quick x-ray diffractometric method for determination of Fe-Mg contents of hornblendes based on reflection intensity as a function of composition. Experimental techniques and conditions and the procedure used in indexing reflections in the hornblende diffraction pattern, have been given in detail. The nature and range of various ionic substitutions in hornblendes have been fully discussed and it has been shown that variation in reflection intensity between samples, are caused almost entirely by differences in the extent of Fe-Mg substitution at the octahedral site. Effect on intensity caused by change in lattice parameters resultant from substitution, has also been considered lntensity of (h00) type reflections as a function of Fe-Mg content, was specifically investigated. Calculated and observed intensities of reflections from hornblendes of known compositions, are discussed. It is concluded that within the present limitations of even the best instrumental conditions obtainable in powder work, record of reflection intensity differences caused by compositional difference of up to two Fe ions per unit cell in hornblendes, cannot be measured to a degree of accuracy required to make this criterion useful in detecting compositional differences of the order commonly encountered in natural hornblendes.
Kimberlite Pipe-Rocks of Wajrakarur Area Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Satyanarayana Rao P. , Phadtre P. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rocks of Kimberlite composition have not so far been reported from India. Four 'pipe- rocks' closely approaching the composition of Kimberlite were for the first time located and identified by the authors during the course of investigation for diamonds around Wajrakarur in Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. The paper gives the geology of the pipes including a preliminary study of their mineralogy.
Sedimentation in the Tabbowa Beds of Ceylon
Authors: Money N. J. , Cooray P. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Tabbowa Beds of Ceylon, Upper Jurassic in age, constitute a part of the Gondwana System, and consist mainly of arkose, siltstone and mudstone. In a recent study, five detailed sections with a total thickness of 360 feet were examined, and cyclic sedimentation, channelfill, and cross-bedding are described for the first time in these beds. On the basis of lithology and sedimentary features, the Tabbowa Beds are thought to have been deposited in a transitional environment in a semi-arid climate. The sediments were probably derived from the northwest (that is, the South Indian shield), the source area being one of tectonic instability.
Tectonics of the Cuddapah Basin
Authors: Narayanaswami S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Cuddapah Basin in Andhra Pradesh is a remarkable tectonic and orogenic belt of the unfossiliferous Precambrian rocks of Peninsular India. The paper reviews the stratigraphy and structure of the rocks of the Cuddapah System and Kurnool Series as originally proposed by King and gives the author's conclusions on the detailed structure and tectonics of the Basin. A north-plunging low-amplitude asymmetrical synclinorium having a gently dipping western limb and intensely folded, overfolded and thrusted eastern limb is the major structural element. This is further complicated by a major domal upwarp across the middle of the basin marked by monocjinal flexures of the Kurnool strata in Gani Kalawa area; culminations and depressions at Jammalamadugu, Giddaluru and Srisailam plateau; Eshwarakupam dome of the lower Cuddapahs in the northern part of the Nallamalai hills; and granite domes of Vinukonda area in the north-east extremity.
The relation of the structural elements to the localization of mineral deposits in the Cuddapah Basin is discussed and the necessity for their precise interpretation for exploring the depth extension of the ore mineralization is stressed. The author recommends further detailed structural mapping, especially in the eastern half of the basin, for solving the unsolved problems in the Cuddapah stratigraphy and structure.
Pyroxene-Quartz-Magnetite Rocks from Satnur-Halaguru Area, Mysore State
Authors: Devaraju T. C. , Sadashivaiah M. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The pyroxene-quartz-magnetite rocks occurring in association with the charnockites and other rocks of the Satnur-Halaguru area, which were regarded by many of the early officers of the Mysore Geological Department as members belonging to charnockite series have been reinvestigated. The investigation has brought to light the occurrence in these rocks, of iron-rich minerals like, ferrohypersthene, eulite, hedenbergite, ferroactinolite, iron-rich garnet and the unusual occurrence of pyroxmangite and orthoclase, It is suggested from a detailed study of the field relation, petrology, mineralogy and petrochemistry that the pyroxene-quartz- magnetite rocks form a separate entity, representing metamorphosed iron-rich sediments, which except for their formation under similar metamorphic conditions namely, pyroxene granulite facies, have no relation whatsoever with the intimately associated charnockites of the area.
Reconsideration of Some Problems in the Archaean Complex of Mysore
Authors: Radhakrishna B. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The stratigraphy and age relationships of certain rock formations of Mysore are reviewed and the following points made out. (1) The Peninsular Gneisses as a whole are not intrusive into Dharwars. (2) The existing three fold classification of Dharwars has not taken into consideration the Dharwarian succession in Goa and north Mysore and requires to be revised. The Dharwar sediments were deposited in a narrow geosynclinal trough and did not extend very much beyond their present limits. (3) The name Champion Gneiss should be used only as a local name to designate the micaceous gneisses bordering the Kolar schists and not extended to other formations. (4) The charnockite terrain represents the lower most section of the Archaeans. The Dharwars occupy stratigraphically a higher position than the deep seated charnockites. (5) Basic dykes cutting across the gneisses and schists are pre Cuddapah in age. (6) The term Dharwar should be restricted only as a local name to the schistose rocks of Mysore. The crystalline schists of other regions may represent only a portion of Dharwar or be entirely different.
Geology of Devidhura Area, Almora, U.P.
Authors: Misra R. C. , Sharma R. P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The area around the village Devidhura (79°52'22" : 29°25'30") covering about 250 square miles forms the subject matter of the present study. Two major tectonic units-the Almora nappe and the Krol nappe-separated by the Ladhiya Thrust can be recognized in the area. Crystallines corresponding to the Almora nappe have been thrusted over the sedimentary quartzites (resembling Nagthats) of the Krol nappe.
Summary of the Structural History of the Pre-Delhi Rocks around Sangat, Udaipur District, Central Rajastfian
Authors: Naha K. , Chaudhuri A. K. , Bhattacharya A. C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The metamorphic and migmatitic rocks comprising the Banded Gneissic Complex, the Aravallis and the Raialos around Sangat (25° O5': 73° 45'), central Rajasthan, maintain a structural unity with no decipherable unconformity within them. The rocks have been involved in two generations of folding with the earlier set dominant in the eastern part. The early folds are isoclinal and reclined, with their axial planes dipping and fold axes plunging W to WNW. On these is superimposed a set of open, upright, NNE-trending folds resulting in a dispersal of the earlier axial orientation near Sangat. Further west, with increase in the intensity of the second deformation, the later folds become isoclinal, the earlier axial planes are rotated to vertical attitude, and the traces of the earlier folds are lost except for occasional sharply bent reclined fold hinges. Because of the diverse orientation of the foliation surfaces already folded by the first movement, the later fold axes also show a great variation in plunge.
Disharmonic folding, curving foliation around the fold hinges, absence of planar surfaces oblique to the folded foliation, and folds following the competency rule prove that both the sets of folds were formed essentially by flexural slip. Early mullions unrollable on later axes also point to a flexural slip origin for the later folds.
Juras-Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Sedimentation Around Jabalpur, M.P., and Their Paleogeographic Implications
Authors: Chanda S. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Lameta and jabalpur Groups, which are redefined and described in their type area, are separated by an unconformity at Dalpatpur. The unconformity grades to a paraeonformity of much lesser magnitude in the vicinity of jabalpur town. Local paleocurrents in the type area, directions of truncations and relative rates of change of stratigraphic hiatus across the unconformities and configuration of pre-trappean surface appear to be mutually related to each other. All these features suggest the existence of a westerly slope corresponding to Krishnan's' Narmada Trough' since the Jurassic period. While the Jabalpurs are the products of a typical flood plain in an interior basin, the Lametas appear to represent shallow marine sediments on the stable shelf. The terrigenous constituents of the Jabalpur Group are mainly derived from the pelitic metasediments in the east. The terrigenous constituents of the Lametas, on the other hand, represent a mixed assemblage of detritus derived from the local jabalpurs and pelitic metasediments. Diagenesis of the ]abalpur sediments mainly involves endogenic reconstitution. Exogenic cements in the lametas are mainly derived from the overlying Deccan Trap.