bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Optical Binary Fraction in Sparse Stellar Systems
Authors: Li Zhongmu , Mao Caiyan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This work studies the evolution of the fraction of optical binary stars (OBF; not including components such as neutron stars and black holes), which is caused by stellar evolution, and the contributions of various binaries to OBF via the stellar population synthesis technique. It is shown that OBF decreases from 1 to about 0.81 for stellar populations with the Salpeter initial mass function (IMF), and to about 0.85 for the case of the Kroupa IMF, on a timescale of 15 Gyr. This result depends on metallicity, slightly. The contributions of binaries varying with mass ratio, orbital period, separation, spectral types of primary and secondary, contact degree, and pair type to OBF are calculated for stellar populations with different ages and metallicities. The contribution of different kinds of binaries to OBF depends on age and metallicity. The results can be used for estimating the global OBF of star clusters or galaxies from the fraction of a kind of binary. It is also helpful for estimating the primordial and future binary fractions of sparse stellar systems from the present observations. Our results are suitable for studying field stars, open clusters, and the outer part of globular clusters, because the OBF of such objects is affected by dynamical processes, relatively slightly, but they can also be used for giving some limits for other populations.
Did ASAS-SN Kill the Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidate PG1302-102?
Authors: Liu Tingting , Gezari Suvi , Miller M. Coleman 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Graham et al. reported a periodically varying quasar and supermassive black hole binary candidate, PG1302-102 (hereafter PG1302), which was discovered in the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS). Its combined Lincoln Near-Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) and CRTS optical light curve is well fitted to a sinusoid of an observed period of ≈1884 days and well modeled by the relativistic Doppler boosting of the secondary mini-disk. However, the LINEAR+CRTS light curve from MJD ≈52,700 to MJD ≈56,400 covers only ∼2 cycles of periodic variation, which is a short baseline that can be highly susceptible to normal, stochastic quasar variability. In this Letter, we present a reanalysis of PG1302 using the latest light curve from the All-sky Automated Survey for Supernovae (ASAS-SN), which extends the observational baseline to the present day (MJD ≈58,200), and adopting a maximum likelihood method that searches for a periodic component in addition to stochastic quasar variability. When the ASAS-SN data are combined with the previous LINEAR+CRTS data, the evidence for periodicity decreases. For genuine periodicity one would expect that additional data would strengthen the evidence, so the decrease in significance may be an indication that the binary model is disfavored.
A Methodological Proposal for Collecting and Creating Macroscopic Photograph Collections of Tropical Woods with Potential for Use in Deep Learning
Authors: Mata-Montero Erick , Valverde Juan Carlos , Arias-Aguilar Dagoberto , Figueroa-Mata Geovanni 
Published: May 2018

Costa Rica is one of the countries with highest species biodiversity density in the world. More than 2,000 tree species have already been identified, many of which are used in the building, furniture, and packaging industries (Grayum et al. 2003). This rich diversity makes the correct identification of tree species very difficult. As a result, it is common to see in the national market that species are commercialized with mistaken identifications, which makes quality control particularly challenging. In addition, because 90 timber tree species have been classified as “threatened” in Costa Rica, correct identifications are indispensable for law-enforcement.
The traditional system for tree species identification is based on macro and microscopic evaluations of the anatomy of the wood. It entails assesing anatomical features such as patterns of vessels, parenchymas, and fibers. Typically, 7.7 x 10 cm pieces of wood cuts are used to identify the tree species (Pan and Kudo 2011, Yusof et al. 2013). However, assessing these features is extremely difficult for taxonomists because properties of the wood can vary considerably due to environmental conditions and intra-specific genetic variability.
Deep learning techniques have recently been used to identify plant species (Carranza-Rojas et al. 2017a, Carranza-Rojas et al. 2017b) and are potentially useful to detect subtle differences in patterns of vessels, parenchyma, and other anatomical features of wood. However, it is necessary to have a large collection of macroscopic photographs of individuals from various parts of the country (Pan and Kudo 2011). As a first step in the application of deep learning techniques, we have defined a formal, standard protocol for collecting wood samples, physically processing them, taking pictures, performing data augmentation, and using metadata to provide the primary data necessary for deep learning applications. Unlike traditional xylotheque sampling methods that destroy trees or use wood from fallen trees, we propose a method that extracts small size samples with sufficient quality for anatomical characterization but does not affect the growth and survival of the individual.
This study has been developed in three forest permanent plots in Costa Rica, all of which are sites with historical growth data over the last 20 years. We have so far evaluated 40 species (10 individuals per species) with diameters greater than 20 cm. From each individual, a cylindrical sample of 12 mm diameter and 7.5 cm in length was extracted with a cordless drill. Each sample is then cut into five of 8 x 8 x 8 mm cubes and further processed to result in curated xylotheque samples, a dataset with all relevant metadata and original images, and a dataset with images obtained by performing data augmentation on the original images.
Deep learning for weed identification based on seed images
Authors: Pando Francisco , Heredia Ignacio , Aedo Pérez Carlos , Velayos Rodríguez Mauricio , Lloret Iglesias Lara , Calvo Joel 
Published: May 2018

Reliable plant species identification from seeds is intrinsically difficult due to the scarcity of features and because it requires specialized expertise that is becoming increasingly rarer, as the number of field plant taxonomists is diminishing (Bacher 2012, Haas and Häuser 2005). On the other hand, seed identification is relevant in some science domains such as plant community ecology, archaeology, paleoclimatology. Besides, economic activities such as agriculture, require seed identification to assess weed species contained in the "soil seed banks" (Colbach 2014) to enable targeted treatments before they become a problem.
In this work, we explore and evaluate several approaches by using different training image sets with various requisites and assessing their performance with test datasets of different sources.
The core training dataset is provided by the Anthos project (Castroviejo et al. 2017) as a subset of its image collection. It consists of nearly a 1000 images of seeds identified by experts.
As identification algorithm, we will use state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks for image classification (He et al. 2016). The framework is fully written in Python using the TensorFlow (Abadi et al. 2016) module for deep learning.
Validation for preservation: how sustainable are GBIF datasets?
Authors: Philipson Joakim 
Published: May 2018

Validation using schemas and tools like the Darwin Core Archive Validator from GBIF are mainly seen as methods of checking data quality and fitness for use, but are also important for long-term preservation. We may like to think that our present (meta)data standards and formats are made for eternity, but in reality we know that standards evolve, formats change (some even become obsolete with time), and so do our needs for storage, searching and future dissemination for re-use. So we might eventually come to a point where transformation of our archival records and migration to other formats will be necessary. This could also mean that even if the AIPs, the Archival Information Packages stay the same in storage, the DIPs, the Dissemination Information Packages that we want to extract from the archive are subject to change of format. Further, in order for archival information packages to be self-sustainable as required in the OAIS model, it is important to take interdependencies between individual files in the information packages into account, already by the time of ingest and validation of the SIPs, the Submission Information Packages, and along the line at different points of necessary transformation / migration (from SIP to AIP, from AIP to DIP etc.) to counter obsolecense. Validation schemas and transformation code should also be archived together with the AIPs. By ensuring compliance with standards these tools are essential in controlling uniformity of records in a collection, for future needs of transformation and migration to new, sustainable formats. An example is given of the problems encountered in transforming only a small, relatively well defined collection of about 1000 archival items but with substantial variations between them, due to a lack of effective input constraints and validation at ingest.
A further assessment is made of validation errors encountered in some Darwin Core Archives comprising thousands of records from some hundred published datasets, and how these errors might affect a future potential transformation / migration effort. Migration efforts must necessarily be general in scope, while errors in datasets from non-compliance with standards risk being reinforced or aggravated in the transformation process, making the information contained in the resulting records more difficult to interpret. The conclusion is that efforts should be made, e.g. by means of embedded validation measures into upload forms and other methods of information transfer (e.g. ftp, oai-pmh) to ensure as close compliance as possible to standards, already at the time of ingest. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5699-994X
National Scientific Validation for Data in the Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Information sur la Nature et les Paysages - SINP)
Authors: Jomier Rémy , Robert Solène , Dupont Pascal 
Published: May 2018

As part of the Biodiversity Information System on Nature and Landscapes (Système d'Informations Nature et Paysages or SINP), the French National Natural History Museum has been appointed by the French ministry in charge of ecology to develop mechanisms for biodiversity data exchange, especially taxon occurrences (there are also elements on habitat occurrences, geo-heritage, etc.). Given that there are thousands of different sources for datasets, containing over 42 million records, such a development brings into question the underlying quality of data. To add complexity, there can be several layers of quality assurance: one by the producer of the data, one by a regional node, and another one by the national node.
The approach to quality issues was addressed by a dedicated working group, representative of biodiversity stakeholders in France. The resulting documents focus on core methodology elements that characterize a data quality process for, in the first instance, taxon occurrences only. It may be extended to habitats, geology, etc. in the near future.
For scientific validation, two processes are used:
One automated process that uses expertise upstream (automated validation based on previous databases created through the use of said expertise), with several criteria such as comparison with a national taxonomic reference database (TAXREF), and with species reference distributions. The outcomes of this process will indicate error potential and can be used to automatically flag data above a certain threshold for the following process.
A second, manual process, that allows for further scrutiny in order to reach a conclusive evaluation.
The combination of both processes allows experts to focus on data that has a higher likelihood of being erroneous, thus saving time and resources.
One objective of the INPN (Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel, or National Inventory of Natural Heritage), after one or both approaches, is to have each record assigned a confidence level.
The poster will be about National scientific validation of data in the SINP. It will show for whom and why it is done, whether the expertise lies upstream or downstream (manual validation through expert networks), what documents may exist, and what attributes have been considered to be added to the national standards so as to convey the information derived from these processes.
Entry Life-Cycle with automatic Change-History &amp; Provenance Tracking in collaborative Semantic Web Content Management Systems as implemented in SOCCOMAS
Authors: Baum Roman , Grobe Peter , Köhler Christian , Meid Sandra , Quast Björn , Vogt Lars 
Published: May 2018

SOCCOMAS is a ready-to-use Semantic Ontology-Controlled Content Management System (http://escience.biowikifarm.net/wiki/SOCCOMAS). Each web content management system (WCMS) run by SOCCOMAS is controlled by a set of ontologies and an accompanying Java-based middleware with the data housed in a Jena tuple store. The ontologies describe the behavior of the WCMS, including all of its input forms, input controls, data schemes and workflow processes (Fig. 1).
Data is organized into different types of data entries, which represent collections of data referring to a particular material entity, for instance an individual specimen. SOCCOMAS implements a suite of general processes, which can be used to manage and organize all data entry types. One category of processes manages the life-cycle of a data entry, including all required for changing between the following possible entry states:
current draft version;
backup draft version;
recycle bin draft version;
deleted draft version;
current published version;
previously published version.
current draft version;
backup draft version;
recycle bin draft version;
deleted draft version;
current published version;
previously published version.
The processes also allow a user to create a revised draft based on the current published version. Another category of processes automatically tracks the overall provenance (i.e. creator, authors, creation and publication date, contributers, relation between different versions, etc.) for each particular data entry. Additionally, on a significantly finer level of granularity, SOCCOMAS also tracks in a detailed change-history log all changes made to a particular data record at the level of individual input fields. All information (data, provenance metadata, change-history metadata) is stored based on Resource Description Framework (RDF) compliant data schemes into different named graphs (i.e. a URI under which triple statements are stored in the tuple store). All recorded information can be accessed through a SPARQL endpoint. All data entries are Linked Open Data and thus provide access to an HTML representation of the data for visualization in a web-browser or as a machine-readable RDF file. The ontology-controlled design of SOCCOMAS allows administrators to easily customize already existing templates for input forms of data entries, define new templates for new types of data entries, and define underlying RDF-compliant data schemes and apply them to each relevant input field. SOCCOMAS provides an engine for running and developing semantic WCMSs, where only ontology editing, but no middleware and front end programming, are required for adapting the WCMS to one's own specific requirements.
Korean Bio-resource Information System (KOBIS): the Nationwide Infrastructure for Collecting and Integrating Biological Resource Information in Korea
Authors: Park Seong-Jin , Cho Kwang Hoon , KO Daeyeon , Jeon Yong Jin , Jin Tae Eun , Choe Yong Kyung 
Published: May 2018

As a national center for managing biological data, the Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC) provides capabilities and resources to manage and standardize the explosively growing amount of biological data from national Research and Development grants by developing a systematic and integrative approach. The biological data includes biological material resource, genome, and biodiversity data, such as observation, collection, taxonomy, character, and genome information of living organisms. The Korean government has enacted legislature for the collection, management and utilization of biological data in 2009 and, as a follow-up, KOBIC has undertaken the mission to collect and integrate the scattered biological data in Korea. We first made a biological data format for exchanging data between government agencies. After that, the Korean Bio-resource Information System (KOBIS) has been developed. KOBIS is an integrated information system for efficient acquisition and systematic management of biological data. KOBIS contains more than 109,000 species and 12.1 million occurrence records from 107 collaborating institutions from four ministries. KOBIS is a system that establishes a catalog of scientific names by linking species information by ministries. The main function is integrated information search. The results of integrated information search show character information, bibliographic information, electronic book, DNA classification, gene information, photo image, and research achievement. We will continue to focus our efforts on the management of KOBIS for facilitation of information sharing, distribution, and service towards mining biological data.
KOBIS is available at http://www.kobis.re.kr.
Les « regroupements » de la guerre d’Algérie, des « villages stratégiques » ?
Authors: Sacriste Fabien 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Les « regroupements » créés par l’armée française pendant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne (1954-1962) appartiennent à ces lieux que l’historien Christian Gerlach a qualifiés de « villages stratégiques ». Or le terme de « village » est-il bien adapté pour nommer ces espaces d’enfermement d’une population civile autoritairement déplacée ? Fruits d’une stratégie militaire et administrative conduite au cas par cas, les « regroupements » d’Algérie ressemblent le plus souvent à des camps dans lesquels végète une population privée de ses libertés fondamentales et durablement précarisée par un déracinement brutal qui l’expose à la dépendance, aux crises sanitaires et à la surmortalité. Si le terme de « village » s’est imposé pendant la guerre, il convient d’en interroger les usages afin de souligner que, loin d’être ce projet de développement contraint de la société rurale porté par une minorité d’acteurs, le regroupement fut d’abord et surtout un moyen de justifier l’injustifiable : une politique de déplacement forcé de populations civiles menée à grande échelle par l’administration et l’armée françaises – et ce à moins d’une décennie de la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale.
Construire (dans) les marges de l’État, entre politiques de « développement » et stratégies de contre-insurrection (Chaco, Argentine, 1976-1980)
Authors: Colombo Pamela , Buu-Sao Doris 
Published: May 2018

Résumé Pour produire une profonde reconfiguration sociopolitique, la dictature civilo-militaire en Argentine (1976-1983) n’a pas seulement mis en œuvre un système de disparition forcée des personnes, elle a également essayé une réorganisation territoriale et urbaine au niveau national. Nous nous intéressons ici à l’un de ces programmes : la création de villages stratégiques . Notre recherche a pour objectif de comprendre comment l’État met en œuvre des projets d’ingénierie sociale dans lesquels la réinvention spatiale de territoires périphériques a pour objectif de modifier radicalement un groupe social ainsi que la situation économico-politique de la zone concernée. Pour cela, nous analysons la création du village Fuerte Esperanza dans la Province du Chaco, dans le cadre de ce qui a été appelé la « Campagne de l’Ouest » déployée dans la région de « El Impenetrable » (1976-1980). Nous démontrons comment la création de Fuerte Esperanza, sous couvert d’un programme dit de « développement », avait aussi une fonction de contre-insurrection. Nous essayons de comprendre et de déconstruire les discours et les pratiques autour de ces types de programmes d’« action civique militaire ». De plus, nous soutenons pour la première fois qu’il existe des continuités entre la création de ce village et d’autres programmes similaires de la même époque en Argentine (principalement dans la province de Tucumán).
Le droit des étrangers en France : particularités et finalités d’un droit en constante évolution
Authors: Vachet Marie-Sophie 
Published: May 2018

En réglementant l’entrée et le séjour des ressortissants non nationaux sur le territoire français, le droit des étrangers, en tant qu’il constitue une manifestation de la souveraineté l’État, se situe à la croisée des objectifs induits par les exigences de police administrative et de ceux exigés par le respect des droits fondamentaux des individus. Droit qui s’est construit au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et dont le contenu ne cesse d’évoluer au gré des réformes menées en matière d’immigration, le droit des étrangers se caractérise également aujourd’hui par ses nombreuses influences juridiques et jurisprudentielles supranationales. Du fait de la logique de « catégorisation » des individus qu’il opère à travers son code de référence et les nombreux autres textes et conventions bilatérales le composant, l’étude de ce droit, riche et complexe, permet de s’interroger sur la conception juridique de « l’étranger » entendu comme objet et sujet de droit.
Des papas et des bébés crèchent à La Friche
Authors: Latuillière Marion 
Published: May 2018

Si les papas sont restés absents très longtemps de la vie de leurs très jeunes enfants, on observe aujourd’hui de plus en plus de papas au sein des crèches. Qui sont ces « nouveaux pères » ? Comment sont-ils auprès de leurs bébés ? Comment s’organisent-ils avec les mamans ? Autant de questionnements qui nous en apprennent plus sur les papas et les bébés. Mais encore faut-il pouvoir et savoir les accueillir au sein de la crèche, et accompagner professionnellement, dans les structures d’accueil de jeunes enfants, l’évolution de la place des pères auprès de leurs bébés, au sein de leur famille et au sein de l’ensemble de la société.
Politiques de la (non-) représentation
Authors: Fassin Éric 
Published: May 2018

La représentation signifie à la fois, paradoxalement, l’absence de ce qui est représenté et la présence de la représentation. Pour appréhender ce langage de pouvoir du point de vue des minorités, et en particulier des Roms, on peut poser un second paradoxe pour rendre compte de la prolifération d’images et de la rareté des représentants : la surreprésentation des Roms imaginaires, et la sous-représentation des Roms réels. Puis on introduira une nouvelle distinction pour formuler un troisième paradoxe : l’hyper-représentation de la « question rom » dans l’espace public et en même temps la non-représentation du traitement de ces populations par les pouvoirs publics. Cette invisibilisation politique et médiatique est analysée à partir d’expériences d’engagement public à la première personne contre l’antitsiganisme politique. On s’interroge ensuite sur un déplacement qui s’opère dans la représentation, de l’image à la voix, et donc du visible à l’audible, lorsque les premiers concernés, Roms et autres minoritaires, prennent la parole en leur nom propre.