bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reborn Luther
Authors: Hayden-Roy Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the aftermath of the war, German theologians repurposed Luther in the environment of cultural crisis as a living source of renewal. Looking at the founding of the Luther Society in 1919 by Rudolf Eucken as well as the emergence of the “Luther Renaissance,” it considers how Luther is styled as an existential hero in the emerging scholarship of Karl Holl, Emanuel Hirsch, Paul Althaus, and others, where his personal struggle for faith could be appropriated and reenacted by German Protestants to provide a source of identity that could both resist the spirit of Weimar democracy, and provide a sense of living identity for the German Volk. In this setting, the theological bases for Luther’s völkisch identity were fully worked out, as well as his affirmation of charismatic authoritarian leadership as a model for political renewal. This sets the stage for the reception of Luther in the era that would follow with the Nazi seizure of power.
Luther the Anti-Semite (?)
Authors: Hayden-Roy Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 considers the painful topic of Luther’s anti-Jewish writings and the role they played in the Third Reich. It goes back to trace the public reception of Luther’s anti-Jewish writings in the anti-Semitic movements that welled up in the Wilhelmine Reich, and how that passed down into the era after the war, setting up the emergence of Luther in the 1930s as a supportive resource for the policies of the regime towards the Jews. These policies are received quite differently in different parts of the Protestant church—fully affirmed by the “German Christian” wing of the church, but resisted by the Confessing Church, at least as they affected Jewish converts. Both wings drew upon to Luther as a resource, and the contradictions highlighted therein demonstrate why his notorious anti-Jewish invective did not necessarily fit well with the ideological anti-Semitism of the Third Reich.
New horizons in systems engineering and thinking to improve health and social care for older people
Authors: Aujla Navneet , Tooman Tricia , Arakelyan Stella , Kerby Tim , Hartley Louise , O’Donnell Amy , Guthrie Bruce , Underwood Ian , Jacko Julie A , Anand Atul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Existing models for the safe, timely and effective delivery of health and social care are challenged by an ageing population. Services and care pathways are often optimised for single-disease management, while many older people are presenting with multiple long-term conditions and frailty. Systems engineering describes a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to change that is focused on people, system understanding, design and risk management. These principles are the basis of many established quality improvement (QI) tools in health and social care, but implementation has often been limited to single services or condition areas. Newer engineering techniques may help reshape more complex systems. Systems thinking is an essential component of this mindset to understand the underlying relationships and characteristics of a working system. It promotes the use of tools that map, measure and interrogate the dynamics of complex systems. In this New Horizons piece, we describe the evolution of systems approaches while noting the challenges of small-scale QI efforts that fail to address whole-system problems. The opportunities for novel soft-systems approaches are described, along with a recent update to the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, which includes human-centred design. Systems modelling and simulation techniques harness routine data to understand the functioning of complex health and social care systems. These tools could support better-informed system change by allowing comparison of simulated approaches before implementation, but better effectiveness evidence is required. Modern systems engineering and systems thinking techniques have potential to inform the redesign of services appropriate for the complex needs of older people.
C–H functionalization of camphor through emerging approaches
Authors: Sennari Goh , Yamagishi Hiroki , Sarpong Richmond 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Camphor and related monoterpenoid natural products have served as versatile “chiral pool” materials in organic chemistry for over half a century. Historically, many researchers have used a variety of transformations involving orchestrated rearrangements of the bornane skeleton to functionalize the camphor framework, expanding the utility of this chiral building block. Recent developments in C–H functionalization methodologies provide myriad opportunities to derivatize the camphor framework in a selective and predictable fashion. In this review, a short summary of the methods for functionalization of the camphor scaffold using rearrangement chemistry is provided followed by a discussion of emerging methods for directed C–H functionalizations that provide diverse new ways to derivatize the camphor framework.
Application of Polydopamine-Based Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for Highly Sensitive Determination of Aristolochic Acid I from Traditional Chinese Medicine Samples
Authors: Li Huimin , Cao Huina , Zhang Zixin , Tian Fei , Zhang Yi , Wu Lijie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A low cost-effective and simple synthesis method combining magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and high-pressure liquid chromatography was developed for the analysis of aristolochic acids I (AAI) in traditional Chinese medicine samples. A novel polydopamine (PDA) modified magnetic nanoparticles with one single carbon layer (Fe3O4@1C NPs) via one-pot hydrothermal approach was prepared and then successfully employed to extract AAI for the first time. Dopamine (DA) can form a PDA layer on Fe3O4@1C NPs surface through self-polymerization to form Fe3O4@1C@PDA. As a surface modifier of DA, PDA offered more adsorption sites to AAI due to π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The parameters of MSPE were optimized by univariate and multivariate methods (Box–Behnken design) in detail. High degree of linearity was obtained in the range of 0.05–200.0 μg/mL. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.08 and 0.25 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of AAI in spiked Xiaoqinglong mixture samples were in the range of 86.7 to 108.5% with the relative standard deviation of less than 5.2%. Thus, a fast, convenient, sensitive and eco-friendly method was successfully proposed and became a promising approach for the determination of AAI in herbal plants or its preparation in the manufacturing procedure.
Adding traditional and emerging biomarkers for risk assessment in secondary prevention: a prospective cohort study of 20 656 patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rochmawati Ike Dhiah , Deo Salil , Lees Jennifer S , Mark Patrick B , Sattar Naveed , Celis-Morales Carlos , Pell Jill P , Welsh Paul , Ho Frederick K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to explore whether conventional and emerging biomarkers could improve risk discrimination and calibration in the secondary prevention of recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), based on a model using predictors from SMART2 (Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial Disease).

Methods and results
In a cohort of 20 658 UK Biobank participants with medical history of ASCVD, we analysed any improvement in C indices and net reclassification index (NRI) for future ASCVD events, following addition of lipoprotein A (LP-a), apolipoprotein B, Cystatin C, Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), to a model with predictors used in SMART2 for the outcome of recurrent major cardiovascular event. We also examined any improvement in C indices and NRIs replacing creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with Cystatin C–based estimates. Calibration plots between different models were also compared. Compared with the baseline model (C index = 0.663), modest increments in C indices were observed when adding HbA1c (ΔC = 0.0064, P &lt; 0.001), Cystatin C (ΔC = 0.0037, P &lt; 0.001), GGT (ΔC = 0.0023, P &lt; 0.001), AST (ΔC = 0.0007, P &lt; 0.005) or ALP (ΔC = 0.0010, P &lt; 0.001) or replacing eGFRCr with eGFRCysC (ΔC = 0.0036, P &lt; 0.001) or eGFRCr-CysC (ΔC = 0.00336, P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the strongest improvements in NRI were observed with the addition of HbA1c (NRI = 0.014) or Cystatin C (NRI = 0.006) or replacing eGFRCr with eGFRCr-CysC (NRI = 0.001) or eGFRCysC (NRI = 0.002). There was no evidence that adding biomarkers modified calibration.

Conclusion
Adding several biomarkers, most notably Cystatin C and HbA1c, but not LP-a, in a model using SMART2 predictors modestly improved discrimination.
SARS-CoV-2 ORF 3a-mediated currents are inhibited by antiarrhythmic drugs
Authors: Wiedmann Felix , Boondej Emika , Stanifer Megan , Paasche Amelie , Kraft Manuel , Prüser Merten , Seeger Timon , Uhrig Ulrike , Boulant Steeve , Schmidt Constanze 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been linked to cardiovascular complications, notably cardiac arrhythmias. The open reading frame (ORF) 3a of the coronavirus genome encodes for a transmembrane protein that can function as an ion channel. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the SARS-CoV-2 ORF 3a protein in COVID-19-associated arrhythmias and its potential as a pharmacological target.

Methods and results
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) and cultured human fibroblasts were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Subsequent immunoblotting assays revealed the expression of ORF 3a protein in hiPSC-CM but not in fibroblasts. After intracytoplasmic injection of RNA encoding ORF 3a proteins into Xenopus laevis oocytes, macroscopic outward currents could be measured. While class I, II, and IV antiarrhythmic drugs showed minor effects on ORF 3a-mediated currents, a robust inhibition was detected after application of class III antiarrhythmics. The strongest effects were observed with dofetilide and amiodarone. Finally, molecular docking simulations and mutagenesis studies identified key amino acid residues involved in drug binding.

Conclusion
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are potential inhibitors of ORF 3a-mediated currents, offering new options for the treatment of COVID-19-related cardiac complications.
Patient safety in general practice during COVID-19: a descriptive analysis in 38 countries (PRICOV-19)
Authors: Van Poel Esther , Vanden Bussche Pierre , Collins Claire , Lagaert Susan , Ares-Blanco Sara , Astier-Pena Maria Pilar , Gabrani Jonila , Gomez Bravo Raquel , Hoffmann Kathryn , Klemenc-Ketis Zalika , Mallen Christian , Neves Ana Luisa , Ožvačić Zlata , Tkachenko Victoria , Zwart Dorien , Willems Sara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This article aims to examine patient safety in general practice during COVID-19.

Methods
In total, 5489 GP practices from 37 European countries and Israel filled in the online self-reported PRICOV-19 survey between November 2020 and December 2021. The outcome measures include 30 patient safety indicators on structure, process, and outcome.

Results
The data showed that structural problems often impeded patient safety during COVID-19, as 58.6% of practices (3209/5479) reported limitations related to their building or infrastructure. Nevertheless, GP practices rapidly changed their processes, including the appointment systems. Implementation proved challenging as, although 76.1% of practices (3751/4932) developed a protocol to answer calls from potential COVID patients, only 34.4% (1252/3643) always used it. The proportion of practices reported having sufficient protected time in general practitioners’ schedules to review guidelines remained consistent when comparing the pre-COVID (34.2%,1647/4813) with the COVID period (33.2%,1600/4813). Overall, 42.8% of practices (1966/4590) always informed home care services when patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, while this decreased to 30.1% for other major infectious diseases (1341/4458). Most practices reported at least one incident of delayed care in patients with an urgent condition, most often because the patient did not come to the practice sooner (60.4%, 2561/4237). Moreover, 31.1% of practices (1349/4199) always organized a team discussion when incidents happened. Overall, large variations were found across countries and patient safety indicators.

Conclusions
The results demonstrated that European GP practices adopted numerous measures to deliver safe care during COVID-19. However, multilayered interventions are needed to improve infection control and GP practice accessibility in future pandemics.
Increased intrinsic membrane excitability is associated with olivary hypertrophy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Morrison Logan M , Huang Haoran , Handler Hillary P , Fu Min , Jones Deborah M , Bushart David D , Pappas Samuel S , Orr Harry T , Shakkottai Vikram G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the characteristic regions of brainstem degeneration across multiple spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) is the inferior olive (IO), a medullary nucleus that plays a key role in motor learning. The vulnerability of IO neurons remains a poorly-understood area of SCA pathology. In this work, we address this by evaluating IO disease in SCA1, a prototypic inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy, using the genetically-precise SCA1 knock-in (SCA1-KI) mouse. We find that these mice exhibit olivary hypertrophy, a phenotype reminiscent of a degenerative disorder known as hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD). Similar to early stages of HOD, SCA1-KI IO neurons display early dendritic lengthening and later somatic expansion without frank cell loss. Though HOD is known to be caused by brainstem lesions that disrupt IO inhibitory innervation, we observe no loss of inhibitory terminals in the SCA1-KI IO. Additionally, we find that a separate mouse model of SCA1 in which mutant ATXN1 is expressed solely in cerebellar Purkinje cells shows no evidence of olivary hypertrophy. Patch-clamp recordings from brainstem slices indicate that SCA1-KI IO neurons are hyperexcitable, generating spike trains in response to membrane depolarization. Transcriptome analysis further reveals reduced medullary expression of ion channels responsible for IO neuron spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP)—a result that appears to have a functional consequence, as SCA1-KI IO neuron spikes exhibit a diminished AHP. These findings suggest that expression of mutant ATXN1 in IO neurons results in an HOD-like olivary hypertrophy, in association with increased intrinsic membrane excitability and ion channel transcriptional dysregulation.
The prognostic superiority of second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Naiki Taku , Takahara Kiyoshi , Watanabe Hiromitsu , Nakane Keita , Sugiyama Yosuke , Koie Takuya , Shiroki Ryoichi , Miyake Hideaki , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare prognostic outcomes of administering first- or second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and to find prognostic indicators.

Methods
This retrospective study included 198 patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer from 14 institutions associated with Tokai Urologic Oncology Research Seminar. Forty-two patients were treated with combined androgen blockade using first-generation inhibitors (bicalutamide or flutamide), and 156 were treated with second-generation inhibitors (abiraterone/enzalutamide or apalutamide/darolutamide) after primary androgen deprivation therapy failure. We compared survival outcomes of combined androgen blockade using first-generation inhibitors and second-generation inhibitor treatments, and analyzed clinicopathological or serum parameters and survival outcome.

Results
Combined androgen blockade and second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor groups demonstrated median progression-free survival of 10.2 (95% confidence interval: 5.5–12.3) and 26.0 (95% confidence interval: 21.9–38.4; P &lt; 0.001) months, respectively. Cut-off levels for clinical biomarkers were targeted to &lt;0.2 ng/ml prostate-specific antigen levels 3 months after treatment initiation for non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; the patient group that achieved this showed better progression-free survival (median 14.7 months, 95% confidence interval: 10.3–23.9 not achieved, median not applicable, 95% confidence interval: 24.6–not applicable achieved; P &lt; 0.00001). Multivariate analysis revealed significant prognostic factors: second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitor as first-line treatment (odds ratio: 5.05, 95% confidence interval: 1.54–16.6) and a high hemoglobin level (odds ratio: 2.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.26–6.76).

Conclusions
Our findings suggested prostate-specific antigen &lt; 0.2 ng/ml after 3 months may be a practical prognostic indicator of survival outcomes in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Patients showing a high hemoglobin level should be intensively treated with second-generation androgen receptor signaling inhibitors rather than combined androgen blockade using first-generation inhibitors.
Contribution of health insurance to racial and ethnic disparities in advanced-stage diagnosis of 10 cancers
Authors: Pal Choudhury Parichoy , Sineshaw Helmneh M , Freedman Rachel A , Halpern Michael T , Nogueira Leticia , Jemal Ahmedin , Islami Farhad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For many anatomic cancer sites, it is unclear to what extent differences in health insurance coverage contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of stage III and IV disease. Using the National Cancer Database (1 893 026 patients aged 18-64 years, diagnosed between 2013 and 2019), we investigated a potential mediating role of health insurance (privately insured vs uninsured) in explaining racial and ethnic disparities in stage at diagnosis of 10 cancers—breast (female), prostate, colorectum, lung, cervix, uterus, stomach, urinary bladder, head and neck, and skin melanoma— detectable early through screening, physical examination, or clinical symptoms. The analyses provided evidence of mediation of disparities among non-Hispanic Black vs White individuals in 8 cancers (range of proportions mediated: 4.5%-29.1%), in Hispanic vs non-Hispanic White individuals in 6 cancers (13.2%-68.8%), and in non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander vs White individuals in 3 cancers (5.8%-11.3%). To summarize, health insurance accounts for a statistically significant proportion of the racial and ethnic disparities in diagnosis of stage III and IV disease across a range of cancer types.
Transmission properties of longitudinal waves on origami cylindrical shells
Authors: Fang Qian-Yi , Xu Zhu-Long , Yan Ting , Chuang Kuo-Chih 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
In this work, vibrational properties related to longitudinal waves on Miura origami cylindrical shells are investigated. Based on the established kinematic equations of arc Miura-ori with arbitrary side lengths, we designed a Miura-ori cylindrical shell structure that is nearly rigid-foldable, minimizing the unpredictable deformation caused by non-rigid properties. The band structure and transmission properties of the designed origami cylindrical shell were simulated and the influences of geometric parameters on wave propagations were analyzed. Finally, the reliability of the finite element simulation was verified by experiments. Our results reveal that the Miura-ori cylindrical shells also exhibit notable transmission properties with band gaps as well as a dead zone that has not been observed in other periodic cylindrical structure studies. Specifically, the proposed origami cylindrical shell has a wide band gap, a narrow band gap, and a dead zone, which has a lower center frequency of about one-third compared to that of an ordinary cylindrical shell with the same characteristic size and material. This work can serve as a reference for future engineering applications involving origami cylindrical shells.
simba-EoR: early galaxy formation in the simba simulation including a new sub-grid interstellar medium model
Authors: Jones E , Smith B , Davé R , Narayanan D , Li Q 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We update the dust model present within the simba galaxy simulations with a self-consistent framework for the co-evolution of dust and molecular hydrogen populations in the interstellar medium, and use this to explore $z \ge 6$ galaxy evolution. In addition to tracking the evolution of dust and molecular hydrogen abundances, our model fully integrates these species into the simba simulation, explicitly modelling their impact on physical processes such as star formation and cooling through the inclusion of a novel two-phase sub-grid model for interstellar gas. Running two cosmological simulations down to $z \sim 6$ we find that our simba-EoR model displays a generally tighter concordance with observational data than fiducial simba. Additionally we observe that our simba-EoR models increase star formation activity at early epochs, producing larger dust-to-gas ratios consequently. Finally, we discover a significant population of hot dust at $\sim 100$ K, aligning with contemporaneous observations of high-redshift dusty galaxies, alongside the large $\sim 20$ K population typically identified.
The radio-infrared nebula in II Zw 40: clusters forming in colliding elongated clouds
Authors: Beilis Dan , Beck Sara C , Lacy John , Turner Jean L , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Ho Paul T P , Consiglio S Michelle 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
II Zw 40 is a starburst dwarf and merger product, and holds a radio-infrared supernebula excited by thousands of embedded OB stars. We present here observations of three aspects of the supernebula: maps of the K and KU radio continuum that trace dense ionized gas with spatial resolution ${\sim} 0.1^{\prime \prime }$, a spectral data cube of the [S iv]$10.5\,\mu$m emission line that measures the kinematics of the ionized gas with velocity resolution 4.5 km s$^{-1}$, and an ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter Array) spectral cube of the CO(3-2) line that probes the dense warm molecular gas with spatial and velocity resolution comparable to the ionized gas. The observations suggest that the supernebula is the overlap, collision or merger of two star clusters, each associated with an elongated molecular cloud. We accordingly modelled the supernebula with simulations of colliding clusters. The model that best agrees with the data is a grazing collision that has distorted the gas and stars to create the distinctive structures observed. These models may have wide applicability in the cluster-rich regions of young starbursts.
Searching for triple systems unbound by supernovae
Authors: Barboza Karina , Kochanek Christopher S 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
A large fraction of massive stars are found in higher order systems where the presence of a tertiary may significantly modify the system’s evolution. In particular, it can lead to increased numbers of compact object binaries and accelerate their mergers with important implications for gravitational wave observations. Using Gaia, we constrain the number of Galactic supernovae that produce unbound triples. We do this by searching 8 supernova remnants for stars with consistent Gaia parallaxes and paths intersecting near the centre of the supernova remnant at a time consistent with the age of the remnant. We find no candidates for unbound triple systems. Combined with prior work, less than 11.4 per cent of supernovae leave behind unbound triples at a 90 per cent confidence limit. The absence of such systems limits their role in the evolution of massive stars and the formation of merging compact objects.