bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA‐124: An emerging therapeutic target in cancer
Authors: Jia Xinqi , Wang Xu , Guo Xiaorong , Ji Jingjing , Lou Ge , Zhao Junjie , Zhou Wenjia , Guo Mian , Zhang Maomao , Li Chao , Tai Sheng , Yu Shan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding single‐stranded RNAs, approximately 20‐24 nucleotides in length, known as powerful posttranscriptional regulators. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in cellular processes by changing messenger RNA expression and are widely involved in human diseases, including tumors. It has been reported in the literature that miRNAs have a precise role in cell proliferation, programmed cell death, differentiation, and expression of coding genes. MicroRNA‐124 (miR‐124) has reduced exparession in various human neoplasms and is believed to be related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of malignant tumors. In our review, we focus on the specific molecular functions of miR‐124 and the downstream gene targets in major cancers, which provide preclinical evidence for the treatment of human cancer. Although some obstacles exist, miR‐124 is still attracting intensive research focus as a promising and effective anticancer weapon.
Monozygotic dichorionic diamniotic twins with large interstitial deletion of chromosome 1p
Authors: Yieh Leah , Ramo Christina , Feist Cori , Shaffer Brian L. , Kim Amanda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe describe twins with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 1 with a severe phenotype compared to previously described cases. As genetic testing is more frequently performed, it is important for clinicians to understand the spectrum of clinical findings that can occur with this particular deletion.
Amidine/Phosphine‐Oxide‐Based Nickel Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization and Copolymerization
Authors: Zou Chen , Tan Chen , Pang Wenmin , Chen Changle 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNickel catalyzed copolymerization of olefins with polar co‐monomers remains a great challenge in the field of olefin polymerization. In this contribution, a series of amidine/phosphine‐oxide‐based ligands were synthesized and investigated for nickel catalyzed ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with polar co‐monomers. These nickel catalysts exhibited high catalytic activities (homopolymerization: up to 2.6×106 g (mol of Ni)−1 h−1; copolymerization: up to 1.0×105 g (mol of Ni)−1 h−1;) and good thermal stabilities at 80 °C, generating high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes (Mn up to 8.45×104 g mol−1) as well as copolymers (Mn up to 2.19×104 g mol−1). The Ni center exhibited square planar geometry. The N atom between the imine and phosphine‐oxide moieties exhibited trigonal planar geometry, indicating electron‐donating conjugate effect of the sp2 hybrid N‐atom linker. This electronic effect can increase the electron density on the nickel center and result in enhanced catalytic performance.
Insight into the Formation of COX By‐Products in Methanol‐to‐Aromatics Reaction over Zn/HZSM‐5: Significantly Affected by the Chemical State of Surface Zn Species
Authors: Li Junhui , Gong Qing , Liu Yifei , Kang Rongrong , Yang Chengguang , Qiu Minghuang , Hu Zhonghua , Zhu Zhirong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral Zn‐modified HZSM‐5 catalysts prepared by impregnation or ion exchange were characterized, and tested in methanol‐to‐aromatics (MTA) reaction. The obviously enhanced output of COX by‐products (CO & CO2) was observed over these modified catalysts, although they showed the significantly improved selectivity of aromatics. It was found COX formation is actually determined by the chemical state of surface Zn species. Concretely, both surface ZnO and surface metal‐zinc are the reactive sites for the conversion of methanol to COX and H2. At the initial period of reaction, surface ZnO (no reduction) causes COX (mainly CO2) formation may almost‐exclusively through methanol steam‐reforming. With the extending of reaction‐time, while it′s partially reduced to metal‐zinc which more violently catalyzes the conversion of methanol to COX (both CO and CO2) may through the pathway of first dehydrogenation‐decomposition and subsequent Water‐Gas‐Shift reaction. However, the surface ZnOH+ species as Lewis acid hardly results in COX formation, but significantly promotes aromatization due to its interaction‐dehydrogenation effect. As high as possible ratio of the ZnOH+ in surface Zn species is conducive to both suppressing the side‐reaction which produces COX and incubating the high aromatic selectivity even in the time‐on‐stream reaction. Our work may provide a theoretical guidance for developing the elegant catalyst for the MTA process with high carbon atom utilization.
Thermodynamic Effect of Anion Activity on Electrochemical Reactions Involving Li+ Ions in Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Tatara Ryoichi , Ueno Kazuhide , Dokko Kaoru , Watanabe Masayoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effect of Li+ concentration on the electrochemical reactions of Li metal and graphite electrodes was studied in aprotic ionic liquid (P13TFSA: N‐methyl‐N‐propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide)‐LiTFSA mixtures. The electrode potential of the Li metal was governed not only by the activity of the complex Li+ ions ([Li(TFSA)2]−), but also by the free‐TFSA− anions, because the desolvation step of the complex Li+ ions needed to be considered. With increasing LiTFSA concentration, the electrode potential of the Li metal increased due to increasing [Li(TFSA)2]− activity and decreasing free‐TFSA− activity in the electrolyte solutions, which was supported by Raman spectroscopy results. The Li+ intercalation reaction into the graphite electrode was also investigated. With increasing LiTFSA concentration, the onium cation (P13+) intercalation, which is a well‐known side reaction without a desolvation step, was suppressed and reversible Li+ intercalation into the graphite electrode was observed.
Fast, Facile and Solvent‐Free Dry‐Melt Synthesis of Oxovanadium(IV) Complexes: Simple Design with High Potency towards Cancerous Cells
Authors: Zegke Markus , Spencer Hannah L. M. , Lord Rianne M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA range of oxobis(phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione) vanadium(IV) complexes have been successfully synthesized from cheap starting materials and a simple and solvent‐free one‐pot dry‐melt reaction. This direct, straightforward, fast and alternative approach to inorganic synthesis has the potential for a wide range of applications. Analytical studies confirm their successful synthesis, purity and solid‐state coordination, and we report the use of such complexes as potential drug candidates for the treatment of cancer. After a 24 hour incubation of A549 lung carcinoma cells with the compounds, they reveal cytotoxicity values elevenfold greater than cisplatin and remain non‐toxic towards normal cell types. Additionally, the complexes are stable over a range of physiological pH values and show the potential for interactions with bovine serum albumin.
Enhanced Deep‐Learning Prediction of Molecular Properties via Augmentation of Bond Topology
Authors: Cho Hyeoncheol , Choi Insung S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeep learning has made great strides in tackling chemical problems, but still lacks full‐fledged representations for three‐dimensional (3D) molecular structures for its inner working. For example, the molecular graph, commonly used in chemistry and recently adapted to the graph convolutional network (GCN), is inherently a 2D representation of 3D molecules. Herein we propose an advanced version of the GCN, called 3DGCN, which receives 3D molecular information from a molecular graph augmented by information on bond direction. While outperforming state‐of‐the‐art deep‐learning models in the prediction of chemical and biological properties, 3DGCN has the ability to both generalize and distinguish molecular rotations in 3D, beyond 2D, which has great impact on drug discovery and development, not to mention the design of chemical reactions.
Smoking versus quitting and fear of cancer recurrence 9 years after diagnosis in the American Cancer Society's Longitudinal Study of Cancer Survivors‐I (SCS‐I)
Authors: Westmaas J. Lee , Thewes Belinda , Séguin Leclair Caroline , Lebel Sophie 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) adversely affects quality of life. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of recurrence and may exacerbate FCR among survivors who smoke. FCR also may motivate quitting, but research on whether quitting reduces long‐term survivors' FCR is lacking. Among long‐term survivors of various cancers, the authors investigated relationships between quitting (vs smoking) and FCR, controlling for sociodemographic, cancer‐related, and health‐related variables.MethodsData from the American Cancer Society's Longitudinal Study of Cancer Survivors‐I were used in generalized estimating equations to compare FCR at 3 waves (T1‐T3) after diagnosis between 2 groups; survivors who reported current smoking (n = 196) approximately 9 years after diagnosis (at T3) or who, based on T3 recall of quitting age, had quit smoking after diagnosis (n = 97). T3 cross‐sectional analyses among current smokers examined associations of FCR with smoking level and intentions of quitting.ResultsA significant smoking status × time interaction (P = .003) indicated that only quitters experienced decreases in FCR from T1 to T3 (P = .007). At T3, FCR was significantly lower among quitters than among current smokers (P = .05), and current smokers reported that FCR caused more functioning impairments (eg, disruption of relationships, everyday activities, mood) than quitters (P = .001). Cross‐sectional analyses (T3) among smokers found that heavier smoking predicted less attempts to cope with FCR (P = .04) and that reassurance behaviors (eg, self‐examination for cancer) predicted stronger quitting intentions (P = .02).ConclusionsQuitting smoking lowers FCR, and FCR may disrupt functioning among continuing smokers. Interventions for FCR should be multimodal and should treat both psychological distress and health‐related behaviors such as smoking.
Cervical high‐risk human papillomavirus infection among women residing in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Prevalence, type‐specific distribution, and correlation with cervical cytology
Authors: Ali Mohamed A. M. , Bedair Rania N. , Abd El Atti Rasha M. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe scarcity of updated data on the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries hampers the establishment of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs. The current study estimated the prevalence of cervical high‐risk (HR) HPV infection among women residing in some countries of the GCC and analyzed the correlation between HR‐HPV infection types and cytology results.MethodsIn total, 2478 women residing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain were enrolled in this study. Cervical specimens were subjected to simultaneous liquid‐based cytology and HR‐HPV DNA analysis.ResultsOf 2478 women, 520 (21%) tested positive for HR‐HPV. Other non‐HPV genotype 16 (HPV16)/HPV18 HR‐HPV was the most frequently detected infection type, accounting for 63.7%. Non‐Arab women had a significantly higher HR‐HPV positivity rate compared with Arab women (31.6% vs 16.4%; P < .001). The HR‐HPV positivity rate was highest among women residing in Qatar (31.3%), followed by women living in Bahrain (20%), the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (17.2%), and the United Arab Emirates (14.7%). The overall prevalence of HR‐HPV infections declined significantly with advancing age (P < .001). Women with abnormal cytology had a significantly higher HR‐HPV positivity rate than those with normal cytology (50.6% vs 14.7%; P < .001). The HR‐HPV positivity rate increased as the severity of the cytological lesion increased.ConclusionsThe current study provides updated data on HR‐HPV prevalence in the GCC countries and delivers an evidence base for supporting the introduction of regional/national vaccination and screening programs in these countries.
Competition between Singlet Fission and Spin‐Orbit‐Induced Intersystem Crossing in Anthanthrene and Anthanthrone Derivatives
Authors: Jue Bae Youn , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Majewski Marek B. , Desroches Maude , Morin Jean‐François , Wu Yi‐Lin , Wasielewski Michael R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSinglet and triplet excited‐state dynamics of anthanthrene and anthanthrone derivatives in solution are studied. Triisopropylsilyl‐ (TIPS) or H‐terminated ethynyl groups are used to tune the singlet and triplet energies to enable their potential applications in singlet fission and triplet fusion processes. Time‐resolved optical and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies are used to obtain a mechanistic understanding of triplet formation. The anthanthrene derivatives form triplet states efficiently at a rate (ca. 107 s−1) comparable to radiative singlet fluorescence processes with approximately 30 % triplet yields, despite their large S1‐T1 energy gap (>1 eV) and the lack of carbonyl groups. In contrast, anthanthrone has a higher triplet yield (50±10 %) with a faster intersystem crossing rate (2.7
108 s−1) because of the n‐π* character of the S1←S0 transition. Analysis of time‐resolved spin‐polarized EPR spectra of these compounds reveals that the triplet states are primarily generated by the spin‐orbit‐induced intersystem crossing mechanism. However, at high concentrations, the EPR spectrum of the 4,6,10,14‐tetrakis(TIPS‐ethynyl)anthanthrene triplet state shows a significant contribution from a non‐Boltzmann population of the ms=0 spin sublevel, which is characteristic of triplet formation by singlet fission.
An Analysis on Commercial Screening Kits and Chemical Components in Biomacromolecular Crystallization Screening
Authors: Qin Wei , Xie Si‐Xiao , Zhang Jie , Zhao Dong , He Chun‐Xia , Li Hui‐Jin , Xing Lu , Li Peng‐Quan , Jin Xi , Yin Da‐Chuan , Cao Hui‐Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObtaining diffraction‐quality crystals is still a bottleneck for biomacromolecular structure determination using X‐ray diffraction. In practice, the bottleneck mainly comprises two aspects: difficulties in screening and in optimization, and both of them need screening kits. The paper aims at an investigation of the chemical components employed in 86 common commercial screening kits, and comparison with those in the Biological Macromolecules Crystallization Database (BMCD). First, the 86 screening kits are systematically analyzed in terms of design methods, classification, applicable scope, and manufacturing company. Second, the chemical components applied in these screening kits are investigated in detail in terms of the classification and utilization frequency, which are compared with those in BMCD. Third, four main chemical reagents of screening kits including salts, buffers, precipitants, and additives are analyzed in detail. The top ten utilized chemical components are listed. Last, the paper summarizes new progress and further innovation in crystallization condition screening practice and screening kits design. The analysis result would be a valuable reference for rational selection and design of screening kits, and even for personalized screening of a target biomacromolecule, which would provide new ideas to solve the bottleneck problem of biomacromolecular structure determination.
Bio‐derived Carbon Nanofibres from Lignin as High‐Performance Li‐Ion Anode Materials
Authors: Culebras Mario , Geaney Hugh , Beaucamp Anne , Upadhyaya Prathviraj , Dalton Eric , Ryan Kevin M. , Collins Maurice N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopment of cost‐effective and increasingly efficient sustainable materials for energy‐storage devices, such Li‐ion batteries, is of crucial future importance. Herein, the preparation of carbon nanofibres from biopolymer blends of lignin (byproduct from the paper and pulp industry) and polylactic acid (PLA) or a thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane (TPU) is described. SEM analysis shows the evolving microstructural morphology after each processing step (electrospinning, stabilisation and carbonisation). Importantly, it is possible to tailor the nanofibre porosity by utilising miscibility/immiscibility rules between lignin and the polymer additive (PLA/TPU). PLA blends (immiscible) generate porous structures whereas miscible lignin/TPU blends are solid when carbonised. Electrodes produced from 50 % PLA blends have capacity values of 611 mAh g−1 after 500 charge/discharge cycles, the highest reported to date for sustainable electrodes for Li‐ion batteries. Thus, this work will promote the development of lignocellulose waste materials as high‐performance energy‐storage materials.
Altitudinal biodiversity patterns of seed plants along Gongga Mountain in the southeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zu Kuiling , Luo Ao , Shrestha Nawal , Liu Bo , Wang Zhiheng , Zhu Xiangyun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms underlying elevation patterns in species and phylogenetic diversity remain a central issue in ecology and are vital for effective biodiversity conservation in the mountains. Gongga Mountain, located in the southeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, represents one of the longest elevational gradients (ca. 6,500 m, from ca. 1,000 to 7,556 m) in the world for studying species diversity patterns. However, the elevational gradient and conservation of plant species diversity and phylogenetic diversity in this mountain remain poorly studied. Here, we compiled the elevational distributions of 2,667 native seed plant species occurring in Gongga Mountain, and estimated the species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, species density, and phylogenetic relatedness across ten elevation belts and five vegetation zones. The results indicated that species diversity and phylogenetic diversity of all seed plants showed a hump‐shaped pattern, peaking at 1,800–2,200 m. Species diversity was significantly correlated with phylogenetic diversity and species density. The floras in temperate coniferous broad‐leaved mixed forests, subalpine coniferous forests, and alpine shrublands and meadows were significantly phylogenetically clustered, whereas the floras in evergreen broad‐leaved forests had phylogenetically random structure. Both climate and human pressure had strong correlation with species diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic structure of seed plants. Our results suggest that the evergreen broad‐leaved forests and coniferous broad‐leaved mixed forests at low to mid elevations deserve more conservation efforts. This study improves our understanding on the elevational gradients of species and phylogenetic diversity and their determinants and provides support for improvement of seed plant conservation in Gongga Mountain.
Redox Denaturation of Proteins: Electrochemical Treatment of Egg Plasma
Authors: Taniguchi Daisuke , Handa Akihiro , Kodama Risa , Okada Yohei , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough acid/base reactions are used widely to denature proteins during food processing, the application of reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions are relatively rare in this field. Herein, we demonstrate a “redox denaturation” of proteins, using egg plasma as a model. Electrochemical treatment of egg plasma in the presence of iodide ion (I−) selectively induced intramolecular disulfide bond formations, resulting in a different type of denaturation than that achieved via heat treatment. The reaction mechanism was examined through electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry. Although the involvement of hypervalent iodine (“I+”) cannot be ruled out, molecular iodine (I2) generated at the surface of anode is the most likely oxidizing agent that formed the disulfide bonds. We believe that the redox denaturation of proteins described herein would be a promising approach in food processing and can find practical applications in this field.
Enhancing thermochemical energy storage density of magnesium‐manganese oxides
Authors: King Keith , Randhir Kelvin , Petrasch Joerg , Klausner James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree approaches for enhancing the energy density of magnesium‐manganese oxide porous reactive materials for thermochemical energy storage (TCES) are investigated: adjusting the mole ratio, lowering the oxygen partial pressure during thermal reduction, and transition metal oxide doping. The manganese‐to‐magnesium molar ratios are varied to determine the composition yielding maximal energy density. The increase in energy density by lowering the oxygen partial pressure during the reduction step is also studied. Volumetric oxygen exchange capacities are measured for every case considered. Finally, the effects of doping magnesium‐manganese oxide with cobalt oxide, iron oxide, zinc oxide, and nickel oxide on the TCES properties are examined. We found the optimal Mn/Mg ratio for maximum volumetric energy density is in the vicinity of 1/1, achieving 1813 ± 175, 2178 ± 204, and 2323 ± 281 MJ m−3 for oxygen partial pressures of 0.2, 0.05, and 0.01 atm during thermal reduction, respectively; lowering the oxygen partial pressure below atmospheric during thermal reduction enhances oxygen exchange capacities and improves the energy density between 10%‐42% and 24%‐55% for oxygen partial pressures of 0.05 and 0.01 atm, respectively, with the greatest increases observed for high manganese content samples; and, doped samples exhibit reduced oxygen exchange and questionable reactive stability, thus appearing to reduce energy density.
Comparison of three different lipid removal cleanup techniques prior to the analysis of sulfonamide drug residues in porcine tissues
Authors: Wang Jie , Hu Qiuhui , Li Peng , Fang Yong , Yang Wenjian , Ma Ning , Pei Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA number of 17 sulfonamides (SNs) determination in porcine tissues using two new materials including Enhanced Matrix Removal for Lipid (EMR‐L) and Oasis PRiME hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB), and the conventional liquid–liquid extraction with n‐hexane (LLE) sample preparation methods were evaluated and compared. Samples were extracted uniformly with acidified acetonitrile and cleaned up by the three sample preparation methods, and then, analytes were further separated by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and detected by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or a quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF/MS). The results showed that the matrix effects from the EMR‐L and HLB were significantly lower than that from LLE, suggesting that these two new materials are superior to n‐hexane in the precipitation of proteins and the adsorption of lipids. Moreover, the recoveries of 17 SNs were quantified by the matrix‐matched calibration curve at spiked level of 5, 10, and 20 μg/kg, and 97.0% of the results satisfied method validation requirements. The samples cleaned up by EMR‐L and HLB achieved the highest average recovery in liver and kidney with high moisture content, and muscle which is high in fat, respectively. In addition, Q‐TOF/MS could play a good role in aided verification based on the result of repeated validation test. In summary, either combination of approaches could be used to achieve monitoring purposes; it is still worthwhile to adopt a specific sample preparation method and MS detector for the quantification in a specific matrix.