bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecomorphological and phylogenetic controls on sympatry across extant bats
Authors: Shi Jeff J. , Westeen Erin P. , Katlein Nathan T. , Dumont Elizabeth R. , Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimMacroecological patterns of sympatry can inform our understanding of how ecological and evolutionary processes govern species distributions. Following speciation, both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may determine how readily sympatry occurs. One possibility is that sympatry most readily occurs with ecological divergence, especially if broad‐scale co‐occurrence is mediated by niche differentiation. Time since divergence may also predict sympatry if hybridization and gene flow lead to the collapse of species boundaries between closely related taxa. Here, we test for ecological and phylogenetic predictors of sympatry across the global radiation of extant bats.LocationGlobal.TaxonBats (Order Chiroptera).MethodsWe used a combination of linear mixed‐modelling, simulations and maximum‐likelihood modelling to test whether phylogenetic and ecomorphological divergence between species predict sympatry. We further assess how these relationships vary based on biogeographic realm.ResultsWe find that time since divergence does not predict sympatry in any biogeographic realm. Morphological divergence is negatively related to sympatry in the Neotropics, but shows no relationship with sympatry elsewhere.Main conclusionsWe find that bats in most biogeographic realms co‐occur at broad spatial scales regardless of phylogenetic similarity. Neotropical bats, however, appear to co‐occur most readily when morphologically similar. To the extent that pairwise phylogenetic and morphological divergence reflect ecological differentiation, our results suggest that abiotic and environmental factors may be more important than species interactions in determining patterns of sympatry across bats.
Treatment of periorbital dark circles: Comparative study of carboxy therapy vs chemical peeling vs mesotherapy
Authors: Ahmed Naglaa A , Mohammed Salma S , Fatani Mohammad I 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveEvaluation and comparison of the efficacy and safety of 3 different modalities of treatment for dark circles that function via different modes of action.MethodsIn total, 45 female patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation were randomly selected to participate from those attending the outpatient dermatology clinic of Al‐Zahraa University Hospital within a 6‐month period. Patients were divided into 3 groups, and the groups were subjected to different types of therapy: group A, carboxy therapy; group B, chemical peel; and group C, vitamin C mesotherapy.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected in improvements in pigmentation or the degree of patient satisfaction between any of the groups. However, the mesotherapy group reported more of a burning sensation following treatment than the other 2 groups but also showed a significant improvement in pigmentation and patient satisfaction compared with the carboxy group.ConclusionAll 3 treatment modalities were effective in the reduction in periorbital pigmentation. However, mesotherapy showed a significant improvement in pigmentation and a higher level of patient satisfaction compared with the other types of treatment.
Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA among Chronic and potential Occult HBV patients in resource‐limited settings by Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification assay
Authors: Akram A. , Islam S. M. R. , Munshi S. U. , Tabassum S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTransmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) usually occurs due to the transfusion of blood or blood products from chronic HBV (CHB) or occult HBV‐infected (OBI) patients. Besides serological tests, e.g. HBsAg and anti‐ HBc (total), detection of HBVDNA is necessary for the diagnosis of OBI patients. Different nucleic acid tests (NATs) including real‐ time–Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) are used to detect HBV‐ DNA. The NATs are expensive and require technical expertise which are barriers to introduce them in resource‐limited settings. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay as an alternative to qPCR for the detection of HBV‐DNA in CHB and potential OBI patients in resource‐limited settings. Following the published protocols with some modifications, a LAMP assay was developed for detection of HBV‐DNA by either using a heat block followed by detection in an agarose gel or using a qPCR thermocycler. The LAMP assay was applied to supernatant prepared from heat‐treated serum collected from CHB and potential OBI patients. HBV viral load in serum was measured by qPCR using a single‐step HBV‐DNA quantification kit. Among 200 samples tested, qPCR was capable to detect HBV‐DNA in 25.5% of cases, whereas LAMP assay detected HBV‐DNA in 43.5% cases. The qPCR was able to detect 11 (9.16%) potential OBI cases, whereas LAMP assay identified HBV‐DNA in 43 (35.83%) cases. In addition to tests for HBsAg and/or anti‐HBc (total), detection of HBV‐DNA by LAMP assay may aid in preventing post–transfusion HBV infection in resource‐limited settings.
Frost and leaf‐size gradients in forests: global patterns and experimental evidence
Authors: Lusk Christopher H. , Clearwater Michael J. , Laughlin Daniel C. , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice Iain Colin , Nordenstahl Marisa , Smith Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

SummaryExplanations of leaf size variation commonly focus on water availability, yet leaf size also varies with latitude and elevation in environments where water is not strongly limiting. We provide the first conclusive test of a prediction of leaf energy balance theory that may explain this pattern: large leaves are more vulnerable to night‐time chilling, because their thick boundary layers impede convective exchange with the surrounding air.Seedlings of 15 New Zealand evergreens spanning 12‐fold variation in leaf width were exposed to clear night skies, and leaf temperatures were measured with thermocouples. We then used a global dataset to assess several climate variables as predictors of leaf size in forest assemblages.Leaf minus air temperature was strongly correlated with leaf width, ranging from −0.9 to −3.2°C in the smallest‐ and largest‐leaved species, respectively. Mean annual temperature and frost‐free period were good predictors of evergreen angiosperm leaf size in forest assemblages, but no climate variable predicted deciduous leaf size.Although winter deciduousness makes large leaves possible in strongly seasonal climates, large‐leaved evergreens are largely confined to frost‐free climates because of their susceptibility to radiative cooling. Evergreen leaf size data can therefore be used to enhance vegetation models, and to infer palaeotemperatures from fossil leaf assemblages.
Forest aging, disturbance and the carbon cycle
Authors: Curtis Peter S. , Gough Christopher M. 
Published: May 2018

Contents

Summary
1188

I.
Introduction
1188

II.
Forest aging and carbon storage
1189

III.
Successional trends of NEP in northern deciduous forests
1190

IV.
Mechanisms sustaining NEP in aging deciduous forests
1191

Acknowledgements
1192

References
1192

SummaryLarge areas of forestland in temperate North America, as well as in other parts of the world, are growing older and will soon transition into middle and then late successional stages exceeding 100 yr in age. These ecosystems have been important regional carbon sinks as they recovered from prior anthropogenic and natural disturbance, but their future sink strength, or annual rate of carbon storage, is in question. Ecosystem development theory predicts a steady decline in annual carbon storage as forests age, but newly available, direct measurements of forest net CO2 exchange challenge that prediction. In temperate deciduous forests, where moderate severity disturbance regimes now often prevail, there is little evidence for any marked decline in carbon storage rate during mid‐succession. Rather, an increase in physical and biological complexity under these disturbance regimes may drive increases in resource‐use efficiency and resource availability that help to maintain significant carbon storage in these forests well past the century mark. Conservation of aging deciduous forests may therefore sustain the terrestrial carbon sink, whilst providing other goods and services afforded by these biologically and structurally complex ecosystems.
Root‐expressed phytochromes B1 and B2, but not PhyA and Cry2, regulate shoot growth in nature
Authors: Oh Youngjoo , Fragoso Variluska , Guzzonato Francesco , Kim Sang‐Gyu , Park Chung‐Mo , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough photoreceptors are expressed throughout all plant organs, most studies have focused on their function in aerial parts with laboratory‐grown plants. Photoreceptor function in naturally dark‐grown roots of plants in their native habitats is lacking. We characterized patterns of photoreceptor expression in field‐ and glasshouse‐grown Nicotiana attenuata plants, silenced the expression of PhyB1/B2/A/Cry2 whose root transcripts levels were greater/equal to those of shoots, and by micrografting combined empty vector transformed shoots onto photoreceptor‐silenced roots, creating chimeric plants with “blind” roots but “sighted” shoots. Micrografting procedure was robust in both field and glasshouse, as demonstrated by transcript accumulation patterns, and a spatially‐explicit lignin visual reporter chimeric line. Field‐ and glasshouse‐grown plants with PhyB1B2, but not PhyA or Cry2, ‐blind roots, were delayed in stalk elongation compared with control plants, robustly for two field seasons. Wild‐type plants with roots directly exposed to FR phenocopied the growth of irPhyB1B2‐blind root grafts. Additionally, root‐expressed PhyB1B2 was required to activate the positive photomorphogenic regulator, HY5, in response to aboveground light. We conclude that roots of plants growing deep into the soil in nature sense aboveground light, and possibly soil temperature, via PhyB1B2 to control key traits, such as stalk elongation.
Lower lip capillary malformation associated with lymphatic malformation without overgrowth: Part of the spectrum of CLAPO syndrome
Authors: Downey Camila , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos , Roé‐Crespo Esther , Puig Luis , Baselga Eulalia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCharacteristic lower lip capillary malformation of CLAPO syndrome (Capillary malformation of the lower lip, Lymphatic malformations of the face and neck, Asymmetry, and Partial or generalized Overgrowth) may also occur as an isolated lesion or with only minor anomalies, supporting the concept that there is a spectrum of abnormalities in CLAPO syndrome. Preliminary studies have demonstrated mosaic activating mutations in PIK3CA.
Multiple superficial oral mucoceles after Mycoplasma‐induced mucositis
Authors: Morand Meggie , Hatami Afshin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOral mucoceles are lesions arising mainly from the minor salivary glands and are thought to occur after excretory duct trauma. We report a case of multiple superficial oral mucoceles on a child's labial mucosa after Mycoplasma pneumoniae mucositis. Mucoceles can mimic persistent or recurrent stomatitis and lead to potential errors in management.
Cutaneous fibrolipomatous hamartoma: Report of 2 cases with retrocalcaneal location
Authors: Rodríguez Bandera Ana Isabel , Saylor Drew K. , Beato Maria José , North Jeffrey , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrecalcaneal congenital fibrolipomatous hamartoma is an underreported benign entity that has been described in the literature under different names. We present two cases of unilateral fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) appearing in a unique location: on the posterior aspect of the foot overlying the heel. We propose the term "FLH of the skin" as a more inclusive and less confusing term for this condition, thus allowing distinction with FLH arising from neural tissue. High‐frequency ultrasonography appears to be a useful diagnostic tool that may avoid unnecessary biopsies for this condition.
Erythema multiforme after orf virus infection
Authors: López‐Cedeño Angella , Cañedo Gustavo , Knöpfel Nicole , Colmenero Isabel , Pérez‐Pastrana Esperanza , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe case of a 6‐year‐old boy with multiple, target‐shaped lesions and a crusted nodule on his right index finger is presented. Based on clinical findings and the patient's recent contact with sheep and goats, a diagnosis of orf disease associated with erythema multiforme was suspected. Microscopy studies confirmed the presence of parapoxvirus in the primary lesion. Orf‐induced erythema multiforme is a rare complication of orf in children, possibly related to the presence of orf virus DNA in erythema multiforme lesions.
Converting immunosuppression from an oral suspension to a granule formulation of tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplant recipients
Authors: Malakasioti Georgia , Booth Christine , Marks Stephen D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOS of tacrolimus prepared from tacrolimus powder is not licensed for children. A licensed GF for OS allows flexibility for body weight‐based dose adjustments. This study aimed at exploring the efficacy of conversion from OS to the GF of tacrolimus in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients. Records of 25 pediatric renal transplant recipients aged under 18 years who were switched from an unlicensed tacrolimus OS to GF were reviewed. At day 0, 1 week, and 4‐8 weeks post‐conversion, there were no differences regarding daily tacrolimus dose (3.4 ± 3 vs 3.5 ± 2.9 vs 3.5 ± 2.9 mg/day), trough tacrolimus levels (4.5 ± 2.7 vs 4.2 ± 2.7 vs 4.4 ± 3.1 ng/mL), dose‐normalized trough tacrolimus levels (1.7 ± 1.1 vs 1.5 ± 1.0 vs 1.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL/mg), PCr (65.6 ± 29.4 vs 67.9 ± 30.4 vs 69.8 ± 27.9 μmol/L), and eGFR (73 ± 24.9 vs 68.7 ± 20.2 vs 65.5 ± 18.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) (P > .05). GF dose adjustment was required in 52% of participants. Eighty‐eight percent of patients had to return for repeat tacrolimus levels following dose modifications, generating 33 extra visits (≥2 extra visits for 1/3 of subjects). No rejection episodes occurred in the year after conversion. In conclusion, conversion from tacrolimus OS to GF in stable pediatric renal transplant recipients is safe and efficacious. However, close therapeutic drug monitoring in the immediate post‐conversion period is necessary.
On the Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Microalgae Populations Based on Fluorometric Techniques
Authors: Gsponer Natalia S. , Rodríguez María Claudia , Palacios Rodrigo E. , Chesta Carlos A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, the phytoplankton structure of a freshwater reservoir located in central Argentina (Embalse Río Tercero) was analyzed using Beutler's method (Photosynthesis Research 72: 39–53, 2002), aiming to provide water quality control agencies with a reliable tool for early detection of algae blooms, particularly cyanobacteria. The method estimated the concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) contributed by individual algal groups in a real sample by fitting its fluorescence excitation spectrum to a linear combination of norm spectra of relevant algae groups. To this purpose, norm spectra for five algae genera usually found in Embalse Río Tercero, Microcystis, Chlorella, Cyclotella, Ceratium and Porphyridium, were constructed and posteriorly used to analyze samples collected in the reservoir in years 2014–2016. Results showed that the method worked well for the quick identification of the algae present in the samples, but it tended to overestimate its Chl a contents. This error was attributed to the large heterogeneity of the algal populations due to the aging of cells grown in environmental conditions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Riemerella anatipestifer Isolate 17CS0503
Authors: Busch Anne , Ryll Martin , Immel Alexander , Kornell Sabin , Krause-Kyora Ben , Tomaso Herbert , Hotzel Helmut 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Riemerella anatipestifer
is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family
Flavobacteriaceae
. It is primarily associated with acute septicemia in younger birds. The
R. anatipestifer
isolate 17CS0503 described here was isolated from a Peking duck (
Anas platyrhynchos domesticus
) in Hannover, Germany, in 1999.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Cultured from Infected Zinnia hybrida Plants Grown on the International Space Station
Authors: Urbaniak Camilla , Massa Gioia , Hummerick Mary , Khodadad Christina , Schuerger Andrew , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the whole-genome sequences of two
Fusarium oxysporum
isolates cultured from infected
Zinnia hybrida
plants that were grown onboard the International Space Station (ISS).
Draft Genome Sequence of Mariprofundus micogutta Strain ET2
Authors: Makita Hiroko , Nishi Shinro , Takaki Yoshihiro , Tanaka Emiko , Nunoura Takuro , Mitsunobu Satoshi , Takai Ken 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Mariprofundus micogutta
strain ET2 was isolated in 2014 from a deep-sea hydrothermal field on the Bayonnaise Knoll of the Izu-Ogasawara arc. Here, we report its draft genome, which comprises 2,497,805 bp and contains 2,417 predicted coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequences of Azospirillum brasilense Strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6, Commercially Used in Inoculants for Grasses and Legumes in Brazil
Authors: Hungria Mariangela , Ribeiro Renan Augusto , Nogueira Marco Antonio 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Azospirillum brasilense
strains Ab-V5 and Ab-V6 are largely used in commercial inoculants for grasses and legumes in Brazil. Their genomes were estimated at 6,934,595 and 7,197,196 bp, respectively, and encompass genes related to nitrogen fixation, synthesis of phytohormones, and environmental adaptation. Although the strains differ in phenotypic properties, their genomes are highly similar.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium marinum ATCC 927
T
, Obtained Using Nanopore and Illumina Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Yoshida Mitsunori , Fukano Hanako , Miyamoto Yuji , Shibayama Keigo , Suzuki Masato , Hoshino Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium marinum
is a slowly growing, broad-host-range mycobacterial species. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a
Mycobacterium marinum
type strain that was isolated from tubercles of diseased fish. This sequence will provide essential information for future taxonomic and comparative genome studies of its relatives.
Complete Genome Sequence of Ochrobactrum haematophilum FI11154, Isolated from Kunu-Zaki, a Nigerian Millet-Based Fermented Food
Authors: Diaz Maria , Wegmann Udo , Akinyemi Nwanneka , Oguntoyinbo Folarin A. , Sayavedra Lizbeth , Mayer Melinda J. , Narbad Arjan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Ochrobactrum haematophilum
FI11154 was isolated from kunu-zaki, a Nigerian traditional fermented millet-based food. Here, we present the first complete genome sequence of this species. The genome consists of five replicons and contains genes related to iron uptake and phosphatase activities.
Outcomes following antenatal identification of hydrops fetalis: a single-centre experience from 2001 to 2012
Authors: Gilby Damien M , Mee J Bridie , Kamlin C Omar Farouk , Kornman Louise H , Davis Peter G , Manley Brett James 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the aetiologies and outcomes of pregnancies complicated by hydrops fetalis (HF).Study designCase series of all pregnancies complicated by HF managed at The Royal Women’s Hospital (RWH), Melbourne, Australia, between 2001 and 2012. Multiple pregnancies, and cases where antenatal care was not provided at RWH were excluded. Cases were identified from neonatal and obstetric databases. Data were extracted from maternal and neonatal case files, electronic pathology and radiology reports, and obstetric and neonatal databases.ResultsOver 12 years, 131 fetuses with HF with a median (IQR) gestational age (GA) at diagnosis of 24 (20–30) weeks were included in the analysis. There were 65 liveborn infants with a median (IQR) GA at birth of 33 (31–37) weeks and a median (IQR) birthweight Z-score of 1.4 (0.4–2.2). Overall survival from diagnosis was 27% (36/131) increasing to 55% (36/65) if born alive.ConclusionsThe perinatal mortality risk for fetuses and newborn infants with HF is high with important differences dependent on underlying diagnosis and the time at which counselling is provided. Clinicians need to be aware of the outcomes of both fetuses and neonates with this condition.
Frequency of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease presenting to tertiary care centre in Pakistan: an observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Mukhtar Shahid , Imran Rashid , Zaheer Mohsin , Tariq Huma 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients of Parkinson’s disease (PD) presenting to a movement disorder clinic at a tertiary care centre in Pakistan, and how frequency of NMS is different in male and female patients.Study designObservational, cross-sectional study.SettingTertiary care centre.ParticipantsOut of 102 patients, 85 were included. Inclusion criteria were patients with PD diagnosed according to the UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria, age ≥18 years, able to give consent and have no difficulty in answering questions. Exclusion criteria were diseases that resemble PD, stroke, dementia, patients unable to provide information and history of antipsychotic use.ResultsThe NMSQuest revealed a mean of nearly seven different NMS per patient. Autonomic problems such as constipation (56%) and nocturia (49%) were the most common NMS, while urinary urgency was reported by 35% of patients. Low mood and feeling sad were reported by 47%, whereas feeling anxious/panicky was reported by 36%. Problem with memory was reported by 45% of patients. Feeling of light-headedness and dizziness was reported by 40% of patients. Problems with sexual relationship were reported by 30% of patients. The most common sleep problem was difficulty falling sleep (29%). Pain not related to the musculoskeletal system was reported by 30% of patients. Loss or change in the ability to taste or smell was reported by 29% of patients. The rest of NMS were less than 25% in frequency. Feeling sad or blue, feeling light-headed/dizzy, unexplained pain, unpleasant sensations in the legs, difficulty in swallowing and faecal incontinence were more common in female participants, while problems with sex were more common in male participants.ConclusionNMS are quite prevalent in PD in our population. Certain NMS are more common in women as compared with men. There is a need for a large-scale study to look for the association of different NMS with sex.