bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbapenems vs β-Lactam Monotherapy or Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Yan , Chen Lingyuan , Jiang Junsong , Li Xianshu , Huang Tianguo , Liang Xueyan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) result in significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Carbapenem-resistant sepsis has increased dramatically in the last decade, resulting in infections that are difficult to treat and associated with high mortality rates. To prevent further antibacterial resistance, it is necessary to use carbapenem selectively. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of carbapenems vs alternative β-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of cIAIs.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Medline (via Ovid SP), and Cochrane library databases were systematically searched. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing carbapenems vs alternative β-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy for the treatment of cIAIs.

Results
Twenty-two studies involving 7720 participants were included in the analysis. There were no differences in clinical treatment success (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71–1.05; I2 = 35%), microbiological treatment success (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.71–1.09; I2 = 25%), adverse events (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.87–1.09; I2 = 17%), or mortality (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.68–1.35; I2 = 7%). Patients

treated with imipenem were more likely to experience clinical or microbiological failure than those treated with alternative β-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy.

Conclusions
No differences in clinical outcomes were observed between carbapenems and noncarbapenem β-lactams in cIAIs. Patients treated with imipenem were more likely to experience clinical or microbiological failure than those treated with alternative β-lactam monotherapy or combination therapy.
Risk factors, awareness of disease and use of medications in a deprived population: differences between indigent natives and undocumented migrants in Italy
Authors: Fiorini Gianfrancesco , Cerri Cesare , Magri Flavia , Chiovato Luca , Croce Laura , Rigamonti Antonello E , Sartorio Alessandro , Cella Silvano G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Undocumented migrants experience many health problems; a comparison with a suitable control group of natives living in the same socio-economic conditions is still lacking.

Methods
Demographic data and data on risk factors, chronic conditions and dietary habits were obtained for 6933 adults (2950 Italians and 3983 undocumented migrants) receiving medical assistance from 40 non-governmental organizations all over the country.

Results
Attributed to the fact that these were unselected groups, differences were found in their demographic features, the main ones being their marital status (singles: 50.5% among Italians and 42.8% among migrants; P &lt; 0.001). Smokers were more frequent among Italians (45.3% versus 42.7% P = 0.03); the same happened with hypertension (40.5% versus 34.5% P &lt; 0.001). Migrants were more often overweight (44.1% versus 40.5% P &lt; 0.001) and reporting a chronic condition (20.2% versus 14.4% P &lt; 0.001). Among those on medications (n = 1354), Italians were fewer (n = 425) and on different medications. Differences emerged also in dietary habits.

Conclusions
Differences in health conditions exist between native-borns and undocumented migrants, not because of a bias related to socio-economic conditions. Further studies are needed to design sustainable health policies and tailored prevention plans.
Mergers, Innovation, and Entry-Exit Dynamics: Consolidation of the Hard Disk Drive Industry, 1996–2016
Authors: Igami Mitsuru , Uetake Kosuke 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
How far should an industry be allowed to consolidate when competition and innovation are endogenous? We develop a stochastically alternating-move game of dynamic oligopoly and estimate it using data from the hard disk drive industry, in which a dozen global players consolidated into only three in the last 20 years. We find plateau-shaped equilibrium relationships between competition and innovation, with heterogeneity across time and productivity. Our counterfactual simulations suggest the current rule-of-thumb policy, which stops mergers when three or fewer firms exist, strikes approximately the right balance between pro-competitive effects and value-destruction side effects in this dynamic welfare trade-off.
Behçet disease
Authors: Lee Debra 
Published: September 2019

Abstract:
Behçet disease (BD) is a rare yet complicated chronic inflammatory condition related to vasculitis that may present with multiorgan involvement. BD has a number of potential clinical presentations, with painful oral and genital lesions being the most common. Outcomes of BD range from recurring, painful, transient rashes to life-threatening episodes. Primary care NPs are in a key position to develop suspicion for BD based on clinical presentation of combined manifestations. This article uses a case study to explore the diagnosis of BD.
A randomized, double-blind, crossover intervention study of traffic-related air pollution and airway inflammation in healthy adults
Authors: Han Bin , Zhang Nan , Zhao Ruojie , Zhang Liwen , Xu Jia , Yang Wen , Bai Zhipeng , Vedal Sverre 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may increase the risk of respiratory disease. The components of TRAP that are responsible for its respiratory toxicity are largely unknown. The objective was to identify the component(s) of TRAP that cause airways inflammation using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and randomized interventions.

Methods:
A randomized, double-blind, crossover intervention study was conducted in which 39 healthy university students spent 2 hours next to a busy road. During exposure, participants wore either a powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) or an N95 facemask. PAPRs were fitted with a fine particle (PM2.5) filter, a PM2.5 and volatile organic carbon (VOC) filter, or a sham filter, and were blinded to filter type. The four interventions (three PAPR filters and N95) were assigned randomly for each participant and separated by at least 1 week. FENO was measured before and immediately after each roadside exposure, and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after exposure.

Results:
With the sham PAPR filter, the mean postexposure FENO increased an average of 2.3 ppb (±4.4) compared with the pre-exposure level. Similar increases in FENO were seen with both the PM2.5 PAPR filter and the N95 mask, but no increase was seen with the combination PM2.5 and VOC PAPR filter.

Conclusions:
Because PAPR filters do not filter inorganic gases (e.g., NO2 or carbon monoxide), it is concluded that the VOC component of TRAP rather than either the particulate matter or the inorganic gases component is responsible for the airway inflammation caused by TRAP exposure.
Linking the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 to the TBI-QOL Anxiety and Depression Item Banks
Authors: Boulton Aaron J. , Tyner Callie E. , Choi Seung W. , Sander Angelle M. , Heinemann Allen W. , Bushnik Tamara , Chiaravalloti Nancy , Sherer Mark , Kisala Pamela A. , Tulsky David S. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To link scores on commonly used measures of anxiety (7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; GAD-7) and depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) to the Traumatic Brain Injury Quality of Life (TBI-QOL) measurement system.

Setting:
5 Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems.

Participants:
A total of 385 individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (31% complicated mild; 14% moderate; and 54% severe).

Design:
Observational cohort.

Main Measures:
GAD-7, PHQ-9, TBI-QOL Anxiety v1.0 and TBI-QOL Depression v1.0.

Results:
Item response theory–based linking methods were used to create crosswalk tables that convert scores on the GAD-7 to the TBI-QOL Anxiety metric and scores on the PHQ-9 to the TBI-QOL Depression metric. Comparisons between actual and crosswalked scores suggest that the linkages were successful and are appropriate for group-level analysis. Linking functions closely mirror crosswalks between the GAD-7/PHQ-9 and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), suggesting that general population linkages are similar to those from a TBI sample.

Conclusion:
Researchers and clinicians can use the crosswalk tables to transform scores on the GAD-7 and the PHQ-9 to the TBI-QOL metric for group-level analyses.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak From the Orbital Roof During Orbital Exenteration
Authors: Curragh David S. , Valentine Rowan , Selva Dinesh 
Published: September 2019

Cerebrospinal fluid leaks are rarely encountered by orbital surgeons, but can occur during dacryocystorhinostomy, orbital decompression, orbital exenteration, and enucleation. The authors present a case of cerebrospinal fluid leak from an injury to the orbital roof during orbital exenteration with the use of monopolar cautery. This was repaired with multilayer closure. Surgeons performing orbital exenteration must be aware of the possibility of this complication when using monopolar electrocautery to transect the orbital contents at the apex during an exenteration.
Injury to the orbital roof with monopolar cautery during orbital exenteration can result in cerebrospinal fluid leak, and orbital surgeons must be aware of the possibility of its occurrence.
Implementation of Evidence-Based Recommendations for Preventive Services in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Ngo-Metzger Quyen A. , Mabry-Hernandez Iris R. , Kim Jane , Adsul Prajakta , Higginbotham Laura B. , Hoffman-Hogg Lori , Smith Mark W. , Doherty Julia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest integrated health care system in the United States. To date, there has been scant research on how VHA adopts clinical preventive services guidelines and how U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendations factor into the process.

Methods:
Researchers conducted semistructured interviews with eight VHA leaders to examine how they adopt, disseminate, and measure adherence to recommendations. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and aggregated into a database to enable sorting and synthesis. Themes were identified across the key informant interviews.

Results:
The development of VHA clinical prevention guidelines is coordinated by the National Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. A VHA Advisory Committee discusses and votes to approve or disapprove each guideline. Several factors can impact the ability of a veterans affairs medical center to implement a guideline, such as local system capacity and priorities for quality improvement. Methods to promote implementation include electronic reminders, educational events, and a robust performance measurement system.

Conclusions:
Provision of evidence-based clinical preventive services is an important part of VHA's effort to provide high-quality care for Veterans. Recent achievements in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and Hepatitis C screening highlight VHA's successful approach to implementation of preventive services guidance.
Specialized Pilonidal Care
Authors: Delshad Hajar R. 
Published: September 2019

Introduction
In March 2014, a specialized Pilonidal Care Clinic was started at Boston Children's Hospital to standardize care; evaluate predictors of pilonidal treatment success/failure; decrease morbidity; and improve outcomes, including recurrences and quality of life.

Methods
A staging system for pilonidal disease was developed. Patients were treated with shaving and improved hygiene until inflammation and drainage subsided, then underwent pit-picking under local anesthesia and/or laser epilation, and followed for recurrences.

Results
In bivariate analysis, mild disease severity, longer duration of care in Pilonidal Care Clinic, undergoing pit-picking procedure, and female gender were statistically significant predictors of treatment success. Using multivariate regression analysis, we found that laser epilation independently led to statistically significant disease resolution. To date, the provider team (physician, physician assistant, and registered nurse) have performed >400 laser procedures without a single adverse event—establishing laser epilation as a safe, easy, and effective procedure to utilize in the treatment of pilonidal disease. Analyzing the initial 58 patients who underwent pit picking, only six patients required intraoperative treatment. Of patients with complete follow-up (n = 51), 47 (92%) were symptom- and recurrence-free for an average of 5 months without requiring narcotics or experiencing postoperative morbidity.

Conclusion
Minimally invasive pilonidal care with pit picking and/or laser epilation is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment approach offering lower recurrence rates with minimal morbidity and avoidance of major operations.
Outcomes and Predictive Factors of Electroacoustic Stimulation Rehabilitation in Children With Limited Low-Frequency Hearing
Authors: Nam Gi-Sung , Song Mee Hyun , Choi Jae Young , Jung Jinsei 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
To evaluate the clinical feasibility and auditory benefits of hearing rehabilitation using electroacoustic stimulation (EAS) after cochlear implantation (CI) and to identify the predictive factors for successful EAS rehabilitation in children with limited low-frequency hearing.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral hospital.

Patients:
Seventeen children (21 ears) under the age of 15 years with residual low-frequency hearing who underwent CI using hearing preservation techniques.

Intervention:
Patients underwent CI using hearing preservation techniques, and the postoperative audiograms were obtained to evaluate the hearing preservation rate. EAS rehabilitation was applied in patients with successful low-frequency hearing preservation.

Outcome Measures:
Improvements in speech perception in both quiet and noise conditions were compared between the EAS mode and the CI-only mode. The predictive factors for successful EAS rehabilitation in children were analyzed.

Results:
Functional low-frequency residual hearing less than or equal to 85 dB at 250 and 500 Hz was achieved postoperatively in six of 21 ears, and successful EAS rehabilitation was possible in nine of 21 ears. Better speech perception scores were observed in quiet conditions using the EAS mode compared with the CI-only mode, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Significantly, better scores were observed in noise conditions with the EAS mode compared with the CI-only mode. Postoperative low-frequency pure-tone average was the only significant predictive factor of successful EAS rehabilitation.

Conclusion:
CI surgery using hearing preservation techniques with EAS rehabilitation should be performed in children, even in patients with limited residual hearing, to improve auditory outcomes.
Intraoperative Monitoring of Auditory Function During Lateral Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Trecca Eleonora M. C. , Riggs William J. , Hiss Meghan M. , Mattingly Jameson K. , Cassano Michele , Prevedello Daniel M. , Adunka Oliver F. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
We present a unique case of a patient with a jugular foramen tumor with serviceable hearing. This study discusses the audiometric results and intraoperative electrocochleographic (ECochG) findings recorded during tumor removal to illustrate the potential utility of this technique in skull base surgery.

Patients:
A 22-year-old female patient presented with a jugular foramen schwannoma and associated symptoms of right-sided otalgia, mild hearing loss, and blurry vision.

Interventions:
Intraoperative ECochG responses during an infratemporal fossa approach: click and tone burst (1, 2, 4 kHz) stimuli were used and presented at 90 dB nHL.

Main Outcome Measures:
Intraoperative ECochG testing using frequency-specific tone bursts and clicks before and after tumor resection.

Results:
The compound action potential magnitudes, cochlear microphonic, and summation potential were recorded pre- and post-tumor removal. For statistical analysis, a paired t test with significance set at p < 0.05 was used. The compound action potential magnitudes increased at all test frequencies (p < 0.01) while the summation potential and cochlear microphonic remained relatively stable (p > 0.05). Audiometric testing demonstrated an improvement of the preoperative mild right-sided hearing loss after tumor resection (pure-tone average for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz of 30 dB HL preoperation and 7.5 dB HL after tumor resection).

Conclusions:
Intraoperative ECochG may allow for real-time monitoring during complex skull base surgery.
Colorectal cancer detection by biomarker quantification in noninvasively collected colorectal mucus: preliminary comparison of 24 protein biomarkers
Authors: Loktionov Alexandre , Soubieres Anet , Bandaletova Tatiana , Mathur Jai , Poullis Andrew 
Published: September 2019

Objectives
Noninvasive colorectal cancer detection and screening remain global diagnostic challenges because the existing stool tests either lack sensitivity or are complex and expensive. Moreover, colorectal cancer screening uptake is low due to stool sampling inconvenience. We have developed a simple and patient-friendly noninvasive technique for collecting highly informative colorectal mucus. In this study, we aimed to comparatively assess a range of candidate biomarkers in colorectal mucus samples for colorectal cancer detection.

Methods
The study included 17 patients with colorectal cancer and 35 healthy controls, who provided noninvasively collected colorectal mucus samples. Protein biomarker quantification in these samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays allowed comparing diagnostic performances of 24 candidate biomarkers that comprised haemoglobin, d-dimer, M2-pyruvate kinase, carcinoembryonic antigen, C-reactive protein, calprotectin, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, protein S100A12, tumour necrosis factor α, clusterin, soluble cytokeratin 18, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, citrullinated histone H3, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, periostin, vascular endothelial growth factor A, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and mucin 2. Tested biomarkers were ranked for colorectal cancer detection efficiency using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
High area under the curve values between 0.943 and 0.768 were observed for haemoglobin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, M2-pyruvate kinase, peptidyl arginine deiminase 4, C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase 9, epidermal growth factor receptor, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and calprotectin.

Conclusion
Quantification of protein biomarkers in noninvasively collected samples of colorectal mucus certainly allows detecting colorectal cancer. Further clinical evaluation of the optimal biomarkers identified by this study is needed.
Gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis on risk factors for poor short-term outcomes
Authors: Figueirôa Gonçalo , Pimentel-Nunes Pedro , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Libânio Diogo 
Published: September 2019

Objective
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is now established as the first option to manage early gastric neoplasms, but its efficacy may vary according to diverse factors. We aimed to systematically identify risk factors for poor short-term outcomes of gastric ESD with the purpose to improve patients’ selection and management.

Methods
Three online databases (MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge and Scopus) were searched (last search on June 2018) for poor outcomes of gastric ESD (deep submucosal invasion, piecemeal/incomplete resection, noncurative resection and local recurrence).

Results
One hundred five studies were included referring to 52.126 ESDs. Undifferentiated histology and upper location (vs lower) were associated with submucosal invasion [odds ratio (OR) = 2.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62–3.61] and OR = 3.20 (1.04–9.86), respectively] and deep submucosal invasion [OR = 2.98 (2.02–4.39) and OR = 2.35 (1.45–3.81), respectively]. Lesion size greater than 30 mm and ulceration were associated with piecemeal resection [OR = 2.78 (1.17–6.60) and OR = 2.76 (1.23, 6.20), respectively]. Lesion size greater than 30 mm, ulceration, upper location and fibrosis were risk factors for incomplete resection [OR = 3.83 (2.68–5.49), OR = 4.06 (1.62–10.16), OR = 3.71 (2.49–5.54) and OR = 4.46 (1.66–11.96), respectively]. A noncurative resection was more often observed for lesions located in the upper third of the stomach [OR = 1.49 (1.24–1.79)], depressed morphology [OR = 1.49 (1.04–2.12)] and those outside standard criteria [OR = 3.56 (2.31–5.48)]. Older age was significantly linked with local recurrence rates [OR = 3.08 (1.13–5.02)].

Conclusion
Several risk factors influence poor efficacy short-term outcomes of gastric ESD that may be used to inform both patients and health providers about the expected efficacy.
Factors Affecting Uncertainty in Women with High-Risk Pregnancies
Authors: Schmuke Ashley D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the state of the science on uncertainty in high-risk pregnancy and identify factors that influence uncertainty in women diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy.

Data Sources:
Primary research articles from CINAHL, Ovid, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PsycINFO written in English, without date restrictions.

Study Selection:
Nineteen articles were identified, including 14 qualitative studies and 5 quantitative studies.

Data Extraction:
This integrative review was guided by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology. Studies were graded on level and quality of evidence as per Dearholt, Dang, and Sigma Theta Tau International.

Data Synthesis:
Studies were synthesized by using constant comparative methods according to factors influencing, outcomes of, and management of uncertainty.

Conclusion:
Uncertainty is a prominent theme in women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy. Uncertainty is influenced by various personal, pregnancy-related, demographic, and healthcare-related factors. Findings may offer insight and empathy for healthcare professionals. Nurses who understand significance of uncertainty in adjusting to two conflicting life events have the opportunity to help women in their understanding of a high-risk diagnosis during pregnancy through anticipatory guidance. Future research is needed to explore factors affecting uncertainty and to understand the experience of high-risk pregnancy to develop interventions aimed at mitigating uncertainty in high-risk pregnant women.