bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
Authors: Fordham Beth , Sugavanam Thavapriya , Hopewell Sally , Hemming Karla , Howick Jeremy , Kirtley Shona , das Nair Roshan , Hamer-Hunt Julia , Lamb Sarah E 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionCognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychological therapy that has been used to improve patient well-being across multiple mental and physical health problems. Its effectiveness has been examined in thousands of randomised control trials that have been synthesised into hundreds of systematic reviews. The aim of this overview is to map, synthesise and assess the reliability of evidence generated from these systematic reviews of the effectiveness of CBT across all health conditions, patient groups and settings.Methods and analysisWe will run our search strategy, to identify systematic reviews of CBT, within the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, and OpenGrey between January 1992 and 25 April 2018. Independent reviewers will sift, perform data extraction in duplicate and assess the quality of the reviews using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (V.2) tool. The outcomes of interest include: health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, psychosis and physical/physiological outcomes prioritised in the individual reviews. The evidence will be mapped and synthesised where appropriate by health problem, patient subgroups, intervention type, context and outcome.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as this is an overview of published systematic reviews. We plan to publish results in peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national academic, clinical and patient conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42017078690.
Born to be Wise: a population registry data linkage protocol to assess the impact of modifiable early-life environmental exposures on the health and development of children
Authors: van den Bosch Matilda , Brauer Michael , Burnett Rick , Davies Hugh W , Davis Zoe , Guhn Martin , Jarvis Ingrid , Nesbitt Lorien , Oberlander Tim , Rugel Emily , Sbihi Hind , Su Jason G , Jerrett Michael 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionDeficiencies in childhood development is a major global issue and inequalities are large. The influence of environmental exposures on childhood development is currently insufficiently explored. This project will analyse the impact of various modifiable early life environmental exposures on different dimensions of childhood development.MethodsBorn to be Wise will study a Canadian cohort of approximately 34 000 children who have completed an early development test at the age of 5. Land use regression models of air pollution and spatially defined noise models will be linked to geocoded data on early development to analyse any harmful effects of these exposures. The potentially beneficial effect on early development of early life exposure to natural environments, as measured by fine-grained remote sensing data and various land use indexes, will also be explored. The project will use data linkages and analyse overall and age-specific impact, including variability depending on cumulative exposure by assigning time-weighted exposure estimates and by studying subsamples who have changed residence and exposure. Potentially moderating effects of natural environments on air pollution or noise exposures will be studied by mediation analyses. A matched case–control design will be applied to study moderating effects of natural environments on the association between low socioeconomic status and early development. The main statistical approach will be mixed effects models, applying a specific software to deal with multilevel random effects of nested data. Extensive confounding control will be achieved by including data on a range of detailed health and sociodemographic variables.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been ethically approved by the Behavioural Research Ethics Board at the University of British Columbia. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scholarly conferences. Through stakeholder engagement, the results will also reach policy and a broader audience.
Stent-screw-assisted internal fixation: the SAIF technique to augment severe osteoporotic and neoplastic vertebral body fractures
Authors: Cianfoni Alessandro , Distefano Daniela , Isalberti Maurizio , Reinert Michael , Scarone Pietro , Kuhlen Dominique , Hirsch Joshua A , Bonaldi Giuseppe 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo describe a new technique to obtain minimally invasive but efficient vertebral body (VB) reconstruction, augmentation, and stabilization in severe osteoporotic and neoplastic fractures, combining two pre-existing procedures. The implant of vertebral body stents (VBS) is followed by insertion of percutaneous, fenestrated, cement-augmented pedicular screws that act as anchors to the posterior elements for the cement/stent complex. The screws reduce the risk of stent mobilization in a non-intact VB cortical shell and bridge middle column and pedicular fractures. This procedure results in a 360° non-fusion form of vertebral internal fixation that may empower vertebral augmentation and potentially avoid corpectomy in challenging fractures.Procedure detailsThis report provides step-by-step procedural details, rationale, and proposed indications for this procedure. The procedure is entirely percutaneous under fluoroscopic guidance. Through transpedicular trocars the VBS are inserted, balloon-expanded and implanted in the VB. Over k-wire exchange the transpedicular screws are inserted inside the lumen of the stents and cement is injected through the screws to augment the stents and fuse the screws to the stents.ApplicationsThis technique may find appropriate applications for the most severe osteoporotic fractures with large clefts, high-degree fragmentation and collapse, middle column and pedicular involvement, and in extensive neoplastic lytic lesions.ConclusionsStent-Screw-Assisted Internal Fixation (SAIF) might represent a minimally invasive option to obtain VB reconstruction and restoration of axial load capability in severe osteoporotic and neoplastic fractures, potentially obviating the need for more invasive surgical interventions in situations that would pose significant challenges to standard vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty.
Losartan prevents the elevation of blood pressure in adipose-PRR deficient female mice while elevated circulating sPRR activates the renin-angiotensin system
Authors: Gatineau Eva , Cohn Dianne M. , Poglitsch Marko , Loria Analia S. , Gong Ming , Yiannikouris Frédérique 
Published: December 2018

Deletion of the prorenin receptor (PRR) in adipose tissue elevates systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the circulating soluble form of PRR (sPRR) in male mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. However, sex differences in the contribution of adipose-PRR and sPRR to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in key organs for blood pressure control are undefined. Therefore, we assessed blood pressure and the systemic and intrarenal RAS status in adipose-PRR knockout (KO) female mice. Blockade of RAS with losartan blunted SBP elevation in HF diet-fed adipose-PRR KO mice. ANG II levels were significantly increased in the renal cortex of HF diet-fed adipose-PRR KO female mice, but not systemically. HF diet-fed adipose-PRR KO mice exhibited higher vasopressin levels, water retention, and lower urine output than wild-type (WT) mice. The results also showed that deletion of adipose-PRR increased circulating sPRR and total hepatic sPRR contents, suggesting the liver as a major source of elevated plasma sPRR in adipose-PRR KO mice. To mimic the elevation of circulating sPRR and define the direct contribution of systemic sPRR to the regulation of the RAS and vasopressin, C57BL/6 female mice fed a standard diet were infused with recombinant sPRR. sPRR infusion increased plasma renin levels, renal and hepatic angiotensinogen expression, and vasopressin. Together, these results demonstrate that the deletion of adipose-PRR induced an elevation of SBP likely mediated by an intrarenal ANG II-dependent mechanism and that sPRR participates in RAS regulation and body fluid homeostasis via its capacity to activate the RAS and increase vasopressin levels. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The elevation of systolic blood pressure appears to be primarily mediated by cortical ANG II in high-fat diet-fed adipose-prorenin receptor knockout female mice. In addition, our data support a role for soluble prorenin receptor in renin-angiotensin system activation and vasopressin regulation.
Relação entre biofábrica e porosidade, coquinas da Formação Morro do Chaves (Barremiano/Aptiano), Bacia de Sergipe-Alagoas, NE-Brasil
Authors: Chinelatto Guilherme Furlan , Kuroda Michelle Chaves , Vidal Alexandre Campane 
Published: December 2018

As coquinas da Formação Morro do Chaves são consideradas rochas análogas aos reservatórios da fase rifte do pré-sal nas bacias de Campos e Santos, são compostas principalmente por conchas e fragmentos de bivalves revelando uma grande variedade da biofábrica e do sistema poroso que possibilita o uso da tafonomia para relacionar o ambiente deposicional dessas rochas com as características de porosidade. Os principais atributos tafonômicos abordados nesse trabalho são: orientação das valvas; empacotamento das conchas; granulometria e seleção; e grau de fragmentação, abrasão e arredondamento. A interpretação dos dados teve como objetivo agrupar as amostras com relação às diferentes características tafonômicas e a porosidade, tendo como ferramenta auxiliar o método de redes neurais artificias (Self-Organization Map — SOM). A análise dos dados resultou em três agrupamentos: A1 com altos valores de porosidade (entre 11 e 23%), cujas características tafonômicas revelam ambientes de alta energia; A2 com valores intermediários de porosidade (entre 7 e 15%), cujas características tafonômicas indicam um ambiente de transição entre alta e baixa energia; por fim, o grupo A3 com menores valores de porosidade (entre 0 e 7%), cuja tafonomia indica ambientes de baixa energia. Como resultado final, as características tafonômicas revelam a energia do ambiente deposicional e é possível associar ambientes de alta energia com as altas porosidades para as coquinas da Formação Morro do Chaves.
Early Follow-Up Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings of Significant Drug-Eluting Stent Malapposition
Authors: Lee Seung-Yul , Ahn Chul-Min , Yoon Hyuck-Jun , Hur Seung-Ho , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Using optical coherence tomography, we evaluated early follow-up findings of significant stent malapposition (SSM) in patients treated with second-generation drug-eluting stent.

Methods and Results:

From the DETECT-OCT randomized trial (Determination of the Duration of the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy by the Degree of the Coverage of the Struts on Optical Coherence Tomography From the Randomized Comparison Between Everolimus- Versus Biolimus-Eluting Stent), a total of 386 patients (390 lesions) who underwent both postintervention and 3-month follow-up optical coherence tomography examinations were included for the present analysis. SSM was defined as a stent that had a strut with a maximal wall-to-strut distance of ≥200 μm. Postintervention, SSM was detected in 175 lesions (44.9%), including 117 lesions with a maximal wall-to-strut distance of ≥200 to <400 μm and 58 lesions with a maximal wall-to-strut distance of ≥400 μm. As the implanted stent diameter-to-reference vessel diameter ratio grew, the risk of postintervention SSM dropped (odds ratio, 0.587; 95% CI, 0.367–0.941;
P
=0.0398). The optimal value that best separated SSM from non-SSM postintervention was a stent diameter-to-reference vessel diameter ratio of 1.0. At 3 months follow-up, the frequency of SSM decreased from 44.9% to 33.6% (131 lesions;
P
=0.0001), mainly driven by the decrease in lesions with a maximal wall-to-strut distance of ≥200 to <400 μm. As the maximal wall-to-strut distance on postintervention optical coherence tomography was larger, the risk of 3-month SSM increased (odds ratio, 1.607; 95% CI, 1.131–2.286;
P
=0.0284). The optimal value that best separated SSM from non-SSM at 3 months follow-up was a maximal wall-to-strut distance postintervention of 230 μm.

Conclusions:
A spontaneous decrease in SSM was observed early in this qualified study with a large number of study patients treated with second-generation drug-eluting stent.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01752894.
Contemporary Reasons and Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Severe, Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis Not Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Tang Liang , Gössl Mario , Ahmed Aisha , Garberich Ross , Bradley Steven M. , Niikura Hiroki , Witt Dawn , Pedersen Wesley R. , Bae Richard , Lesser John R. , Harris Kevin M. , Sun Benjamin , Mudy Karol , Sorajja Paul 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) can be lifesaving, many patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis do not undergo appropriate therapy. This study sought to examine the characteristics, outcomes, and reasons for not pursuing AVR in a contemporary cohort.

Methods and Results:

We examined 548 patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis not treated with AVR through March 2017. Patients were grouped according to AVR appropriateness based on the presence of medical futility. Demographics, rationale for no AVR therapy, and outcomes were assessed. There were 359 (65.5%) potentially appropriate candidates for AVR and 189 (34.5%) others patients with futility. Among potentially appropriate patients, 62.1% had severe symptoms, 74.4% had not been referred for AVR, and 40.1% were low risk. Patient refusal was common (54.6%), with incorrect symptom assignment or aortic stenosis severity classification accounting for nearly all other explanations. Compared with patients with futility, potentially appropriate AVR patients had lower rates of both referral to cardiology or surgery (85.2% versus 92.6%;
P
=0.01) and complete heart team evaluations (10.6% versus 17.5%;
P
=0.02). Palliative consultation occurred in only 124 patients (22.6%) overall and in only 10.0% of those without futility. Overall, the 1-year mortality was 54.7%, with heart failure hospitalization occurring in 19.3%.

Conclusions:
In this contemporary study, two-thirds of patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis treated medically were potentially appropriate AVR candidates and had poor outcomes. Most had incomplete heart team evaluations, commonly had severe symptoms or lesion severity misinterpreted, and were not evaluated by palliative care. Given the potential for beneficial outcomes among those untreated, further efforts to address these shortcomings are needed.
Ascending Aorta Size at Birth Predicts White Matter Microstructure in Adolescents Who Underwent Fontan Palliation
Authors: Zaidi Abbas H. , Newburger Jane W. , Wypij David , Stopp Christian , Watson Christopher G. , Friedman Kevin G. , Rivkin Michael J. , Rollins Caitlin K. 
Published: December 2018

Background

In neonates with single ventricle, smaller ascending aorta diameter is associated with cerebral white matter (
WM
) microstructural abnormalities. We sought to determine whether this association persists into adolescence.

Methods and Results

Ascending aorta
Z
scores were obtained from first postnatal echocardiogram. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging was acquired in adolescence and used to obtain fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity in 33
WM
tract regions of interest. Partial Pearson correlation coefficients were evaluated for associations between ascending aorta
Z
scores and
WM
microstructure measures, adjusting for sex, age at magnetic resonance imaging, scanner field strength, and Norwood status. Among 42 single ventricle patients aged 10 to 19 years, 31 had undergone the Norwood procedure as neonates. Lower ascending aorta
Z
scores were associated with lower fractional anisotropy in bilateral pontine crossing tracts (
P
=0.02), inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (
P
=0.02), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (
P
=0.01); left cingulum–cingulate bundle (
P
=0.01), superior longitudinal fasciculus (
P
=0.04), and superior longitudinal fasciculus–temporal component (
P
=0.01); and right cingulum–hippocampal bundle
(P
=0.009) and inferior cerebellar peduncle (
P
=0.01). Lower ascending aorta
Z
scores were associated with higher radial diffusivity and mean diffusivity in a similar regional pattern but not with axial diffusivity.

Conclusions

In adolescents with single ventricle, smaller aorta diameter at birth is associated with abnormalities of
WM
microstructure in a subset of
WM
tracts, mostly those located in deeper brain regions. Our findings suggest that despite multiple intervening medical or surgical procedures, prenatal cerebral blood flow may have a lasting influence on
WM
microstructure in single‐ventricle patients.
River Discharge and Bathymetry Estimation from Inversion of Surface Currents and Water Surface Elevation Observations
Authors: Simeonov Julian A. , Holland K. Todd , Anderson Steven P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe developed an approach for estimating river discharge and water depth from measurements of surface velocity and water surface elevation, based on analytical velocity–depth and velocity–slope relationships derived from the steady gravity–friction momentum balance and mass conservation. A key component in this approach is specifying the influence of bottom friction on the modeled depth-averaged flow. Accordingly, we considered two commonly used bottom friction parameterizations—a depth-independent Darcy friction coefficient and a depth-dependent friction coefficient based on the Manning’s roughness parameter. Assuming that the bottom friction coefficient is known, the unknown discharge was determined by minimizing the difference between the measured total head profile and the one determined from the velocity–slope relationship. The model performance and its sensitivity to key assumptions were evaluated using existing bathymetry data, and surface velocity and elevation observations obtained during field experiments on the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, and the Hanford reach of the Columbia River. We found that the Manning’s friction parameterization provided superior depth and discharge estimates, compared to the Darcy friction law. For both steady and moderately unsteady flow, inversions based on the Manning’s friction provided discharge and thalweg depth estimates with relative errors not exceeding 5% and 12%, respectively.
Phonosurgical Resection Using Submucosal Infusion Technique for Early Glottic Lesions: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedure?
Authors: Lazio Maria Silvia , Vallin Alberto , Giannini Costanza , Taverna Cecilia , Maggiore Giandomenico , Saraceno Massimo Squadrelli , Gallo Oreste 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the submucosal infusion combined with microflap dissection via laser CO2 as both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for superficial glottic lesions. To define a safe surgical procedure in terms of local control, a morphometric study of surgical margins was performed. Methods: From January 2011 to January 2016, we treated 122 patients with early glottic lesions with phonomicrosurgery. Patients with effective hydrodissection underwent a microflap and type I-II diagnostic cordectomy. In the others, a biopsy was carried out, and in the case of a malignant lesion, a type III to VI cordectomy was performed. Disease-free survival (DFS) for all the lesions was also determined according to comparative assessments of surgical margins. The Voice Handicap Index was used to evaluate functional outcomes. Results: In 27 cases (32%), hydrodissection was effective; specifically, 24 (88.8%) were premalignant lesions, and 3 (11.2%) had a carcinoma. In 56 patients (68%), hydrodissection was not adequate, and a biopsy was performed: 9 (16%) were premalignant and 47 (84%) malignant lesions. The DFS analysis suggests that margins >0.7 mm resulted in a cutoff that can guarantee a safe procedure in the case of effective hydrodissection ( P < .05). Conclusion: Phonomicrosurgery may be both a diagnostic and therapeutic option with oncological efficacy for superficial glottic lesions of undetermined nature when surgical margins exceed 0.7 mm. In case of inadequate hydrodissection, the hypothesis of an infiltrative carcinoma warrants a wider cordectomy.
Straight from the Source: Perceptions of Students with Visual Impairments about Graphic Use
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Wilton Adam P. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction This study analyzed the responses of a survey of students with visual impairments in Canada and the United States about their use of tactile and print graphics. Demographic, Likert scale, and open-ended questions focused on perceptions of quality, preferences, instruction, and strategies. Methods Percentages of agreement for tactile and print graphic users are reported. Comparisons were made between the two groups. Results Students felt positive about the quality of the graphics, but density and complexity were identified as challenges. Students varied as to whether they felt graphics supported their understanding of concepts. Both groups indicated that written descriptions were helpful. Students in this survey were positive about knowing how to use strategies that help them access graphics. Discussion Tactile graphics appear to play an additional role in inclusion for some students. Attention to instructional needs should not overlook students with visual impairments who use print graphics. Additional inclusion of quality written descriptions may support understanding of graphical information. Implications for practitioners Conceptual understanding would be supported by helping students recognize where graphics and descriptions are useful. Timeliness of access to graphics in the classroom and attention to quality graphics that reduce complexity and clutter remain important.
Insights into the Feelings, Thoughts, and Behaviors of Children with Visual Impairments: A Focus Group Study Prior to Adapting a Cognitive Behavior Therapy–Based Anxiety Intervention
Authors: Visagie Lisa , Loxton Helene , Stallard Paul , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction Anxiety is the most common psychological problem reported among children with visual impairments. Although cognitive behavior therapy interventions have proven successful in treating childhood anxiety, it is unclear whether they are suitable and accessible for children who have visual impairments. This study aimed to determine if and how traditional cognitive behavior therapy–based interventions could be adapted for use with this specific population by interviewing children with visual impairments themselves. Methods A qualitative research design was used. Sixteen children with visual impairments (aged 9 to 13 years) participated in two focus group interviews. Participants attended two special schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and content analysis was undertaken. Results Three primary themes emerged from the focus group data: (1) difficulties encountered by children with visual impairments; (2) existing coping strategies; and (3) insight into the concepts of feelings, thoughts and behaviors (central to cognitive behavior therapy). Discussion The emergent themes and their implications for the adaptation of a cognitive behavior therapy–based anxiety intervention are discussed. Implications for practitioners Results provide practitioners with guidelines to consider when using or adapting therapeutic techniques such as cognitive behavior therapy for children with visual impairments.