bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who Revisits Medical Services at a Music Festival?
Authors: Munn Matthew Brendan , Gogaert Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Attendees at music festivals rely upon on-site medical services for their emergency and medical care needs. Patients previously cared for can re-present for services at different times over the course of an event.Aim:To identify the proportion of visits that are repeat presentations at music festivals and discuss themes in the medical care needs of these potentially resource-intensive patients.Methods:This study included a review of prospectively enrolled patients presenting for health services over five years at a number of music festivals in Belgium and Canada. Patient data were extracted from existing databases of visits as well as visit documentation, and linked by name and date of birth to identify repeat visits. Data were de-identified and visit times, triage acuity, chief complaints, treatments, and discharge instructions were extracted.Results:Re-presentations constituted approximately 5% of all on-site medical visits. The majority were for minor care (e.g., wounds, dressings, foot care). Repeat visits for major issues included chronic disease (e.g., asthma, seizures, diabetes) and serial intoxications; these were high risk for transport to hospital. Festival duration was positively correlated with the number of patients with multiple visits. Three or more visits or visits in different years were rare occurrences.Discussion:At music festivals, a small but significant proportion of attendees utilize medical services repeatedly. Most are low acuity issues that could potentially be avoided with counseling or supplies at the initial visit. However, higher acuity re-registrations, both within and between event years, are a higher risk for transport and could benefit from early identification. Having a plan to identify and potentially remove the sicker, higher risk patients from the event could be important for safety and liability.
Young Doctors’ Emergency Medicine Rotation Qualifications and Relation with Self-Confidence
Authors: Taşkın Hasan Can , Soyer Şadiye Hande , Hocagil Abdullah Cüneyt , Koca Şükran , Hocagil Hilal 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Medicine is one of the most important areas of higher education. It is important that undergraduate students are well educated and have theoretical knowledge, but also have good clinical skills after graduating from medical training.Aim:To understand whether the training objectives of the emergency medical internship was completed or not and to find the relationship between young doctors’ self-confidence and what they can do via using Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). In addition, an objective was to consider which learning methods are more useful based on the feedback.Methods:This survey study was performed in 2018 at Bulent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak, Turkey with the students who completed an emergency department rotation in the 2017-2018 education term. The questionnaire was composed by the researchers. It consisted of three parts which were included demographic information and education methods in emergency medicine of internships, questions about knowledge goals and learning goals for basic medicine applications, and RSES to assess young doctors’ self-confidence.Results:96 young doctors with the mean age of 25.22 ± 1.216 years(minimum 23 and maximum 30 years) were in the study5. 3 (55.2%) of which were female. All young doctors were evaluated with RSES4. (4.2%) of which were low self-confidence and 32 (33.3%) of which were high self-confidence. The best useful learning methods were clinical application of interaction with patients (n=828. 5%) and invasive procedures performed on patients (n=727. 5%).Discussion:The more you practice, the more you learn. Practice-based education is an important factor in a young doctor’s life. Besides, the higher self-confidence you have, the more you can. Young doctors with high self-esteem see themselves as qualified to perform applications even in complicated situations. However, more studies are needed to find out whether they could really perform or not.
Analysis of Disaster Related International Consensus Frameworks 2015-2017: Implications for WADEM
Authors: Archer Frank , Spencer Caroline , McArdle Dudley , Pokharel Suresh 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Between 2015 and 2018, a number of influential disaster-related International Consensus Frameworks evolved.Aim:To locate these Frameworks and identify commonalities, potential interactions, and possible implications for WADEM.Methods:A targeted literature review and thematic analysis.Results:The review identified the following Frameworks: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030; Sustainable Development Goals 2030 Agenda; Paris Climate Change Conference; WADEM Position Statement on Climate Change; World Humanitarian Summit; Core Humanitarian Standards; Sphere Handbook, Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response; Habitat111 - the new Urban Agenda; Sphere Guidelines for Urban Disasters; Rockefeller Foundation’s 100 Resilient Cities Project; New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants; Dhaka Declaration on Disability and Disaster Risk Management; WHO Emergency Medical Teams and Accreditation; WADEM’s Disaster Research and Evaluation Frameworks; ALNAP’s Evaluation of Humanitarian Action Guide; and Evidence Aid’s Use of Evidence in the Humanitarian Sector: A Practice Guide.Discussion:All Frameworks used substantial theoretical and/or evidence-based underpinnings, and evolved from structured processes. One subset had major political and government influences while others reflected applied, professional influences. A number of the Frameworks further evolved during 2017-18, providing indicators, international reporting, and interpretative guidelines. Common themes included a desire to improve the quantum and quality of science, evidence-based and accountability, use of Resilience as a conceptual framework, commonalities, and interactions between the new generation humanitarian, development concepts, and traditional disaster concepts, particularly in the global influence of climate change and greater urbanization. Other themes included new paradigms (e.g. international influence of Rockefeller’s Acute Shocks), Chronic Stressors concept, and the anchoring theme of the Sustainable Development Goals and capacity building. The ALNAP, Rockefeller, Sphere, and WADEM Evidence Aid Frameworks provide useful guidelines on how the objectives of these International Consensus Frameworks may be achieved and measured. All Frameworks have implications for the future direction of WADEM.
Portal vein, hepatic vein and circulating plasma amino acids in rats given diets based on lactalbumin, faba bean (Vicia faba) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Rubiot L. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThree experiments were carried out to determine plasma amino acids concentrations in circulating, portal and hepatic blood of growing male Wistar rats given diets containing lactalbumin, faba beans or chickpeas as the only protein source. Diets contained the same amount of digestible energy (15·5 kJ/g) and protein (lactalbumin in controls or legume proteins in the experimental diets; 100 g/kg). Appropriate amounts of essential synthetic amino acids were also added to legume-based diets taking into account their amino acid composition to equalize them to control (lactalbumin) diets. Portal blood flow (8·7±0·3 ml/min) was measured by using a transit-time ultrasound flow probe. Higher (P < 001) plasma concentrations of methionine than of controls were determined in hepatic veins of legume-fed rats. In contrast, lower (P < 001) concentrations of threonine, proline, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine than those of controls were found in faba bean- and chickpea-fed rats. The same result as hepatic was obtained for portal and circulating plasma samples except that alanine and histidine values of legume-fed rats were also lower (P < 001) than controls. Calculated net afferent appearance rates of amino acids to the liver were lower (P < 001) than controls in rats given faba bean and chickpea diets for threonine, alanine, proline, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and lysine. This lower contribution of amino acids to the liver mainly via the portal vein in faba bean or chickpea-fed rats might explain previously reported differences in protein utilization and growth in comparison with animals given other protein sources (lactalbumin).
Effects of dietary protein content and food intake on carcass characteristics and organ weights of growing Iberian pigs
Authors: Nieto R. , Lara L. , García M. A. , Vílchez M. A. , Aguilera J. F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of dietary protein content and level of feeding on carcass characteristics and organs weight were evaluated in 72 male castrated Iberian pigs growing from 15 to 50 kg live weight. Animals were offered six diets providing 223, 192, 175, 156, 129 and 101 g crude ideal protein (CP) (N × 6·25) per kg dry matter (DM) and 14·64, 14·14, 14·37, 14·80, 15·36 and 15·53 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg DM, respectively. Each diet was offered at three levels of feeding : 0·60, 0·80 and 0·95 × ad libitum intake. Mean values of protein, fat, ash and water contents in the carcass determined at 50 kg live weight were 130, 378, 28·2 and 458 g/kg, respectively, with a small but significant effect of CP content of the diet on carcass composition (P <0·001 to P <0·01) favouring both protein and fat content on decreasing dietary protein level. Protein deposition (PD) in the eviscerated carcass reached a maximum value when the diet containing 129 g CP per kg DM was offered (54·6 g/day at the highest feeding level). Nitrogen (N) retention in the carcass represented 70·9% of whole-body N retention and the efficiency of this process (carcass N retention : N intake) increased with declining dietary protein content (P <0·001). Carcass energy retention increased significantly with decreasing dietary CP content (P <0·001) and with feeding level (P <0·001). Raising energy intake resulted in a significant increase on total weight of viscera as proportion of empty body weight (P <0·001). Decreasing the CP content in the diet resulted in a lower proportional shoulder weight (P <0·01) meanwhile the proportion of ham decreased significantly (P <0·05) with increase in feeding level. The proportionate weights of dissectable fat in the shoulder and of intermuscular and subcutaneous fat in the ham increased significantly (P <0·05 and P <0·001) in response to decreasing dietary CP content meanwhile only ham intermuscular fat content increased with feeding level (P <0·001). Thus, decreasing dietary protein concentration from well in excess of requirements and increasing energy intake enhance N and fat retention in the carcass but also increases intermuscular fat content in the ham of the Iberian pig with possible implications for meat quality.
Effect of weaning diet and weaning age on growth, body composition and caecal fermentation of young rabbits
Authors: Xiccato G. , Trocino A. , Sartori A. , Queaque P. I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo weaning diets (C and S) and three weaning ages (21, 25, and 28 days) were compared in a two factorial arrangement to evaluate their effect on growth performance, body composition and caecal fermentation activity of young rabbits. One hundred litters born the same day from multiparous does were used. Sixty litters were early weaned at 21, 25 and 28 days of age (20 litters per weaning age), put in collective cages (nine kits per cage) (W21, W25, and W28 litters) and offered the control diet C (crude protein (CP) : 175 g/kg dry matter (DM); ether extract : 20 g/kg DM; starch : 157 g/kg DM; acid-detergent lignin (ADL) : 60 g/kg DM; digestible energy (DE) : 11·08 MJ/kg DM) or the starter diet S (CP : 173 g/kg DM; ether extract : 41 g/kg DM; starch : 112 g/kg DM; ADL : 51 g/kg DM; DE : 11·31 MJ/kg DM). At 32 days of age, 180 early weaned rabbits (three rabbits from each of the 60 litters above) were selected : 60 animals were slaughtered; 120 animals were placed into individual cages and offered a fattening diet (CP : 166 g/kg DM; ether extract : 23 g/kg DM; starch : 177 g/kg DM; ADL : 49 g/kg DM; DE : 11·26 MJ/kg DM) from 32 to 56 days of age. At 56 days of age, another 60 representative rabbits were slaughtered. The administration of diet S to the early weaned rabbits increased litter weight at 32 days (6160 v. 6027 g;P<005) and gain to food ratio from weaning to 32 days (752 v 666 g/kg;P<0001) compared with diet C. Moreover, empty bodies (EB) of S rabbits were fatter (fat : 45 v. 41 g/kg; P = 001) and had greater energy content (5·92 v 5·71 MJ/kg;P<001). At 56 days of age, no residual effect of the diet was recorded. Weaning age affected growth performance, body composition and caecal fermentation at 32 days of age : EB weight (P<005) and EB protein concentration increased (from 164 to 168 g/kg,P<0·01) while caecal volatile fatty acid concentration decreased (from 71·7 to 53·8 mmol/l;P<0·01) when weaning age was increased from 21 to 28 days. At 56 days of age, no effect (P > 0·05) of weaning age was recorded on growth performance or caecal fermentation traits, but EB protein remained lower in the earliest weaned rabbits (P<0·05). In conclusion, feeding a high-fat low-starch diet to early weaned rabbits stimulated growth and body fat and energy retention of kits at 32 days of age with no effect on caecal fermentation. The early weaning successfully performed at 21 days of age strongly stimulated caecal fermentation but reduced body protein reserves.
Effect of dietary fish oil on biohydrogenation of fatty acids and milk fatty acid content in cows
Authors: Shingfield K. J. , Ahvenjärvi S. , Toivonen V. , Ärölä A. , Nurmela K. V. V. , Huhtanen P. , Griinari J. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMechanisms underlying milk fat conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) responses to supplements of fish oil were investigated using five lactating cows each fitted with a rumen cannula in a simple experiment consisting of two consecutive 14-day experimental periods. During the first period cows were offered 18 kg dry matter (DM) per day of a basal (B) diet formulated from grass silage and a cereal based-concentrate (0·6 : 0·4; forage : concentrate ratio, on a DM basis) followed by the same diet supplemented with 250 g fish oil per day (FO) in the second period. The flow of non-esterified fatty acids leaving the rumen was measured using the omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple indigestible marker method based on Li-Co-EDTA, Yb-acetate and Cr-mordanted straw. Fish oil decreased DM intake and milk yield, but had no effect on milk constituent content. Milk fat trans-11 C18:1, total trans-C18 : 1, cis-9 trans-11 CLA, total CLA, C18 : 2(n-6) and total C18 : 2content were increased in response to fish oil from 1·80, 4·51, 0·39, 0·56, 0·90 and 1·41 to 9·39, 14·39, 1·66, 1·85, 1·25 and 4·00 g/100 g total fatty acids, respectively. Increases in the cis-9, trans-11 isomer accounted for proportionately 0·89 of the CLA response to fish oil. Furthermore, fish oil decreased the flow of C18 : 0(283 and 47 g/day for B and FO, respectively) and increased that of trans-C18 : 1fatty acids entering the omasal canal (38 and 182 g/day). Omasal flows of trans-C18 : 1acids with double bonds in positions from delta-4 to -15 inclusive were enhanced, but the effects were isomer dependent and primarily associated with an increase in trans-11 C18 : 1 leaving the rumen (17·1 and 121·1 g/day for B and FO, respectively). Fish oil had no effect on total (4·36 and 3·50 g/day) or cis-9, trans-11 CLA (2·86 and 2·08 g/day) entering the omasal canal. Flows of cis-9, trans-11 CLA were lower than the secretion of this isomer in milk. Comparison with the transfer of the trans-9, trans-11 isomer synthesized in the rumen suggested that proportionately 0·66 and 0·97 of cis-9, trans-11 CLA was derived from endogenous conversion of trans-11 C18 : 1in the mammary gland for B and FO, respectively. It is concluded that fish oil enhances milk fat cis-9, trans-11 CLA content in response to increased supply of trans-11 C18:1that arises from an inhibition of trans-C18 : 1reduction in the rumen.
Effects of vitamin A deficiency on growth hormone secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in Japanese Black steers
Authors: Oka A. , Iwaki F. , Dohgo T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of vitamin A (retinol) on growth hormone (GH) secretion and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in Japanese Black steers. Thirteen 10-month-old Japanese Black steers were divided into two groups: high vitamin A (H) group and low vitamin A (L) group. The animals in the H group were injected with 20 ml retinol palmitate (303 mg as retinol) intramuscularly every month throughout the experimental period. The steers in the L group were injected with vitamin A similarly at the age of 10 to 14 months. All steers were given vitamin A with the food (approx. 100 μg as retinol per kg diet) at the age of 21 to 30 months to prevent clinical vitamin A deficiency. Blood samples for analyses of vitamin A and IGF-1 were collected every 2 months. Series of blood samples for analyses of GH were collected at 15-min intervals over a 6-h period from each animal at the age of 10, 20, and 30 months. Although there was no difference in food intake between the two groups (P > 0·05), the average daily gain of the H group was greater (P < 0·001) than that of the L group. The carcass weight and subcutaneous fat thickness of the H group were significantly greater (P < 0·05) than those of the L group. The longissimus muscle area (P < 0·01) and marbling score (P < 0·001) of the L group were significantly greater than those of the H group. The serum retinol concentrations of the L group were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 16 months. The serum IGF-1 concentrations of the L group gradually decreased and were significantly lower (P < 0·01) than those of the H group from the age of 18 months. The overall mean concentration, peak height, area under the curve, and nadir of GH in both groups decreased with age. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0·05) in overall mean GH concentration, peak number, peak height, area under the curve, or nadir between the two groups. These results indicate that vitamin A affects the IGF-1 levels, with little or no intermediary effect on GH.
The influence of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural parameters in dairy cows kept in open stables
Authors: Zähner M. , Schrader L. , Hauser R. , Keck M. , Langhans W. , Wechsler B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to assess whether cows are able to cope with the range of climatic conditions they are exposed to in open stables on commercial farms in central Europe. On each of four farms, ten lactating cows were observed over a total of five weeks in winter, spring and summer. Based on continuous measurements of air temperature (–13·8 to 28·7ºC) and relative air humidity (0·26 to 0·99), a mean value of a temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated for each farm and each observation day for night and day.THI had significant effects on skin temperature and body surface temperature (infra-red thermography) both during night and day. Rectal temperature, duration of lying and cortisol concentration in the milk was significantly affected by THI during the day but not during the night. Heart rate and frequency of lying did not significantly covary with THI. Differences between farms and interactions between THI and farm were significant for most parameters. These results suggest that the climatic conditions during the day induced stronger thermoregulatory responses than the conditions during the night. Within the measured range of climatic conditions the cows were hardly exposed to severe cold or heat stress.
The effect of strain of Holstein-Friesian and feeding system on grazing behaviour, herbage intake and productivity in the first lactation
Authors: Linnane M. , Horan B. , Connolly J. , O'Connor P. , Buckley F. , Dillon P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA comparative study of grazing behaviour, herbage intake and milk production was conducted using three strains of Holstein-Friesian (HF) heifer : 33 high production North American (HP), 33 high durability North American (HD) and 33 New Zealand (NZ) animals. Heifers were assigned, within strain, to one of three grass-based feeding systems : (1) the Moorepark (control) system (MP), (2) a high concentrate system (HC), (3) a high stocking rate system (HS). Strain of HF had no significant effect on grazing time or number of grazing bouts. The NZ strain had longer grazing bouts (P< 0.01) and spent a lower proportion of time ruminating (P< 0.05) than both the HP and HD strains. There was a significant strain ✕ feeding system interaction for biting rate. The biting rate of the NZ strain was reduced in the HC system. Biting rates in the HS feeding system were significantly higher (P< 0.001) than in the MP system. Heifers on HC had shorter grazing time (P< 0.01) with grazing bouts of shorter duration (P< 0.01). Increasing stocking rate (HS) decreased the proportion of time ruminating (P< 0.001) and tended to shorten grazing bouts (P = 0.06). The HP strain had higher (P< 0.05) herbage and total dry matter (DM) intakes than the NZ strain, while the HD strain was intermediate. Concentrate supplementation reduced (P< 0.001) herbage DM intake but increased (P< 0.001) total DM intake. The reduction of herbage DM intake per kg of concentrate DM intake (substitution rate) was greater for the NZ than the HP strain. The HP produced significantly higher milk, fat, protein and lactose yields than the NZ, while the HD strain was intermediate. The milk fat content of the NZ was higher than both the HP and HD strains, while the protein content was higher than the HP strain. Concentrate supplementation (HC v . MP) significantly increased yields of milk and milk components. Milk production responses to the HC system were much greater with the HP than the NZ strain. Increasing stocking rate (MP v . HS) significantly decreased milk protein yield. The results indicate that the choice of strain of HF may depend on the feeding system.