bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propofol inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by downregulating Twist
Authors: Zheng Haibo , Fu Yantao , Yang Tongwei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPropofol is a commonly used anesthetic drug with potential antitumor activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferation and antimetastatic mechanisms of propofol in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SMMC‐7721 was treated with different concentrations of propofol. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and cell motility was assessed by the wound healing assay. Cell migration and invasion ability were analyzed by the transwell assay. Protein levels of E‐cadherin, Vimentin, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2), and MMP‐9 were measured by Western blotting. Twist1 gene expression was assessed by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The proliferation, motility, migration, and invasion of SMMC‐7721 cells were inhibited by propofol treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. Propofol treatment downregulated the protein levels of Vimentin, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 while increasing that of E‐cadherin. Propofol treatment inhibited the expression of the Twist1 gene in SMMC‐7721 cells. The overexpression of Twist1 could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of propofol on SMMC‐7721 cells. Propofol inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells by downregulating the expression of Twist1, making it a potential drug for HCC treatment.
Late Pleistocene glaciation in the Mosquito Range, Colorado, USA: chronology and climate
Authors: Brugger Keith A. , Laabs Benjamin , Reimers Alexander , Bensen Noah 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTNew cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure ages from 17 moraine boulders in the Mosquito Range of Colorado suggest that glaciers were at their late Pleistocene (Pinedale) maximum extent at ∼21–20 ka, and that ice recession commenced before ∼17 ka. These age limits suggest that the Pinedale Glaciation was synchronous within the Colorado Rocky Mountain region. Locally, the previous (Bull Lake) glaciation appears to have occurred no later than 117 ka, possibly ∼130 ka allowing for reasonable rock weathering rates. Temperature‐index modeling is used to determine the magnitude of temperature depression required to maintain steady‐state mass balances of seven reconstructed glaciers at their maximum extent. Assuming no significant differences in precipitation compared to modern values, mean annual temperatures were ∼8.1 and 7.5 °C lower, respectively, on the eastern and western slopes of the range with quantifiable uncertainties of + 0.8/−0.9 °C. If an average temperature depression of 7.8 °C is assumed for the entire range, precipitation differences − that today are 15–30% greater on the eastern slope due to the influence of winter/early spring snowfall − might have been enhanced. The temperature depressions inferred here are consistent with similarly derived values elsewhere in the Colorado Rockies and those inferred from regional‐scale climate modeling.
A nutritional and rumen ecological evaluation of the biorefinery by‐product alfalfa silage cake supplemented with Scrophularia striata extract using the rumen simulation technique
Authors: Sarnataro Chiara , Petri Renee M , Spanghero Mauro , Zebeli Qendrim , Klevenhusen Fenja 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBy‐products of the food production chain are gaining importance as feedstuffs for ruminants. Alfalfa silage cake (AC) is an unexploited biorefinery by‐product rich in fiber. The aim of this study was to test AC, using an in vitro rumen simulation technique (Rusitec), for its suitability as a fiber source for cattle. Three diets with similar crude protein (CP) content were formulated; they contained the biorefinery by‐product AC, the original alfalfa silage (OA), or a fiber‐rich hay. As fibrous feedstuffs are known to promote ruminal methanogenesis, we additionally tested a plant extract of Scrophularia striata (60 mg g−1 dry matter) for its methane mitigation and antimicrobial properties.RESULTSDiets containing AC displayed lower nutrient degradability, with the largest difference in CP degradation (P < 0.001). Sequencing of microbial DNA revealed several effects of the diet and of the addition of S. striata extract, but no inhibitory effect on methanogens. Likewise, methane production, which, in general, is lower with AC and OA diets, was not inhibited by S. striata extract, while the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were unaffected.CONCLUSIONAlthough CP degradation of the AC diet was lower, degradation of the fiber fractions was similar among diets. According to the present results, AC can be used as fibrous feedstuff for ruminants. Supplementation with S. striata extract did not inhibit methane formation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil microbial diversity during 30 years of grassland restoration on the Loess Plateau, China: Tight linkages with plant diversity
Authors: Guo Yanqing , Hou Lijun , Zhang Zhiying , Zhang Jianli , Cheng Jimin , Wei Gehong , Lin Yanbing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRestoring ecosystems has been a key strategy to combat land degradation and reverse losses in biodiversity. Because interactions between communities above and below the ground drive key ecosystem processes, they can profoundly influence ecological succession trajectories. However, relatively little empirical information is available for plant–microbial diversity linkages during ecological restoration. Here, using the Illumina platform for bacterial and fungal sequencing, we investigated linkages between soil microbial and plant diversity across a 30‐year chronosequence of restored grasslands on the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China. The results showed that plant, bacterial, and fungal species richness all increased with increased years of grassland restoration, during which their community compositions shifted among six different habitats. The microbial community assembly data were integrated into a co‐occurrence network analysis, revealing greater network complexity in the late restoration stage (25 and 30 years). The alpha and beta diversities of both the bacterial and fungal communities were significantly and positively correlated with plant communities. Bacterial community composition was governed primarily by soil edaphic factors and deterministic processes, whereas fungal community composition was structured mainly by plant community composition and both deterministic and stochastic processes. This evidence strongly suggests that different ecological processes shaped bacterial and fungal communities during ecological restoration of the grasslands. Our results provide insight into the aboveground–belowground associations of restored habitats, which may have implications for ecological restoration practices and biodiversity maintenance in arid and semiarid grassland ecosystems.
Rapid Two‐Photon Polymerization of an Arbitrary 3D Microstructure with 3D Focal Field Engineering
Authors: Yang Dong , Liu Lipu , Gong Qihuang , Li Yan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization is a powerful method for three‐dimensional (3D) precision nanofabrication. To facilitate the fabrication speed, for the first time, single‐exposure or single‐scan two‐photon polymerization of an arbitrary 3D microstructure with smaller or larger volume is demonstrated through focal field engineering. The constraints and the initial conditions of the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm for the retrieval of the incident wavefront are adapted for the shape fidelity and the smoothness of the 3D focal field intensity distribution. As a result, a small 3D microstructure can be polymerized by a single exposure within 0.1 s, while a larger one can be formed by continuous polymerization of slices of the structure with one‐dimensional single scan with a speed of 6 µm s−1. The microlenses that generate vortex beams with different orbital angular momentums are polymerized to demonstrate the high fabrication precision. These pave the way for the rapid two‐photon polymerization of arbitrary 3D structures.
Corrections of myocardial tissue sodium concentration measurements in human cardiac 23Na MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Lott Johanna , Platt Tanja , Niesporek Sebastian C. , Paech Daniel , G. R. Behl Nicolas , Niendorf Thoralf , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Nagel Armin M. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo quantify the tissue sodium concentration (TSC) in cardiac 23Na MRI. To evaluate the influence of different correction methods on the measured myocardial TSC.Methods23Na MRI of four healthy subjects was conducted at a whole‐body 7T MRI system using an oval‐shaped 23Na birdcage coil. Data acquisition was performed with a density‐adapted 3D radial pulse sequence using a golden angle projection scheme. 1H MRI data were acquired at a 3T MRI system to generate a myocardial mask. Retrospective cardiac and respiratory gating were used to reconstruct 23Na MRI data in the diastolic phase and exhaled state. B0 and B1 inhomogeneity and partial volume (PV) effects were corrected. Relaxation times and TSC of ex vivo blood samples and calf muscle were determined. These values were used in the PV correction to estimate myocardial TSC, which was compared with the measured TSC of calf muscle.ResultsWithout any correction the measured myocardial TSC was (54 ± 5) mM. The applied correction methods reduced these values by (48 ± 5)% to (29 ± 3) mM, where PV correction had the largest effect (reduction of (34 ± 1)%). Respiratory and cardiac motion gating decreased the concentrations by (11 ± 1)%. With the applied setup, the corrections of B0 and B1 inhomogeneity (reduction of (3 ± 2)%) had negligible influences on TSC values. The resulting myocardial TSC was approximately 1.4‐fold higher than the measured TSC of calf muscle tissue of the same healthy subjects ((20 ± 3) mM).ConclusionFor quantitative human cardiac 23Na MRI several corrections are needed and ranked for our setup: PV correction, respiratory and cardiac gating, correction for B1 inhomogeneity effects.
Time‐optimized 4D phase contrast MRI with real‐time convex optimization of gradient waveforms and fast excitation methods
Authors: Loecher Michael , Magrath Patrick , Aliotta Eric , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo shorten 4D flow acquisitions by shortening TRs with fast RF pulses and gradient waveforms. Real‐time convex optimization is used to generate these gradients waveforms on the scanner.Theory and MethodsRF and slab‐select waveforms were shortened with a minimum phase SLR excitation and the time‐optimal variable‐rate selective excitation method. Real‐time convex optimization was used to shorten bipolar and spoiler gradients by finding the shortest gradient waveforms that satisfied constraints on scan parameters, gradient hardware, M0, M1, and peripheral nerve stimulation. Waveforms were calculated and TE and/or TR values were compared for a range of scan parameters and compared to a conventional 4D flow sequence. The method was tested in flow phantoms, and in the aorta and neurovasculature of volunteers (N = 10). Additionally, eddy current error was measured in a large phantom.ResultsTEs and TRs were shortened by 21–32% and 20–34%, respectively, compared to the conventional sequence over a range of scan parameters. Bland‐Altman analysis of 2 flow phantom configurations showed flow rate bias of 0.3 mL/s and limits of agreement (LOA) of [−6.9, 7.5] mL/s for a cardiac phantom and a bias of −0.1 mL/s with LOA = [−0.4, 0.2] mL/s for a neuro phantom. Similar agreement was also seen for flow measurements in volunteers (bias = −1.0 and −0.1 mL/s, LOA = [−34.9, 33.0] and [−0.7, 0.6] mL/s). Measured eddy currents were 39% larger with the CVX + mpVERSE method.ConclusionThe real‐time optimized 4D flow gradients and fast slab‐selection excitation methods produced up to 34% faster TRs with excellent flow measurement agreement compared to a conventional 4D flow sequence.
Intact metabolite spectrum mining by deep learning in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain
Authors: Lee Hyeong Hun , Kim Hyeonjin 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo develop a robust method for brain metabolite quantification in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) that maps in vivo brain spectra that are typically degraded by low SNR, line broadening, and spectral baseline into noise‐free, line‐narrowed, baseline‐removed intact metabolite spectra.MethodsA CNN was trained (n = 40 000) and tested (n = 5000) on simulated brain spectra with wide ranges of SNR (6.90–20.74) and linewidth (10–20 Hz). The CNN was further tested on in vivo spectra (n = 40) from five healthy volunteers with substantially different SNR, and the results were compared with those from the LCModel analysis. A Student t test was performed for the comparison.ResultsUsing the proposed method the mean‐absolute‐percent‐errors (MAPEs) in the estimated metabolite concentrations were 12.49% ± 4.35% for aspartate, creatine (Cr), γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), glucose, glutamine, glutamate, glutathione (GSH), myo‐Inositol (mI), N‐acetylaspartate, phosphocreatine (PCr), phosphorylethanolamine, and taurine over the whole simulated spectra in the test set. The metabolite concentrations estimated from in vivo spectra were close to the reported ranges for the proposed method and the LCModel analysis except mI, GSH, and especially Cr/PCr for the LCModel analysis, and phosphorylcholine to glycerophosphorylcholine ratio (PC/GPC) for both methods. The metabolite concentrations estimated across the in vivo spectra with different SNR were less variable with the proposed method (~10% or less) than with the LCModel analysis.ConclusionThe robust performance of the proposed method against low SNR may allow a subminute 1H‐MRS of human brain, which is an important technical development for clinical studies.
Health‐related quality of life in children with early‐stage juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Charuvanij Sirirat , Chaiyadech Chollada 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in physical and psychological disability. This study aimed to measure the health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and identify factors influencing the HRQOL.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in Thai children with JIA and their parents between January and December 2015, using the Thai version of the Pediatrics Quality of Life (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scale.ResultsSixty‐five children (33 girls and 32 boys) were included. The median age of the children was 9.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.4–12.3) years and the median disease duration was 1.1 (IQR 0.2–2.2) years. The physical health subscale had the lowest score, with a median (range) of 78.1 (34.4–100). Twenty‐five (45.4%) children were classified as having suboptimal HRQOL. The school functioning subscale had the lowest score, at 60 (25–100) reported by parents. High disease activity and a disease duration <1 year were significantly associated with suboptimal HRQOL reported by parents, with adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 20.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 291.7) and 5.9 (95% CI 1.2, 33.3), respectively.ConclusionsAlmost half of Thai children with JIA had suboptimal HRQOL. The physical health score was the lowest subscale reported by the children. Early, effective management of disease activity could improve the HRQOL in children with JIA.
Three‐dimensional discrete element method parallel computation of Cauchy stress distribution over granular materials
Authors: Yan Beichuan , Regueiro Richard A. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe paper presents Cauchy stress tensor computation over parallel grids of message passing interface (MPI) parallel three‐dimensional (3D) discrete element method (DEM) simulations of granular materials, considering spherical and nonspherical particles. The stress tensor computation is studied for quasi‐static and dynamic conditions, and its resulting symmetry or asymmetry is discussed within the context of classical continuum mechanics (CCM), granular materials mechanics (GMM), and micropolar continuum mechanics (MCM). The average Cauchy stress tensor computation follows Bagi's and Nicot's formulations and is verified within MPI parallel 3D DEM simulations involving dynamically adaptive compute grids. These grids allow calculation of temporal and spatial distributions of stress across granular materials under static and dynamic conditions. The vertical stress component in gravitationally deposited particle assemblies exhibits nonuniform spatial distributions under static equilibrium, and its zone of maximum value changes during the process of gravitational pluviation and collapse. These phenomena reveal a microstructural effect on stress distribution within granular materials that is attributed to their discrete particulate nature (particle size, shape, gradation, boundary conditions, etc).
Gas/Liquid‐Phase Micro‐Flow Trifluoromethylation using Fluoroform: Trifluoromethylation of Aldehydes, Ketones, Chalcones, and N‐Sulfinylimines
Authors: Hirano Kazuki , Gondo Satoshi , Punna Nagender , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shibata Norio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Norio Shibata at the Nagoya Institute of Technology (Japan). The cover picture shows an image related to the perpetual motion machine of the second kind in the eighteenth century, and “alchemy”. Our biggest challenge on the path to the results presented in this paper was the creation of alchemy using fluorine chemistry. Read the full text of their Communication at 10.1002/open.201800286.
The Association Between Central Nervous System‐Active Medication Use and Fall‐Related Injury in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia
Authors: Hart Laura A. , Marcum Zachary A. , Gray Shelly L. , Walker Rod L. , Crane Paul K. , Larson Eric B. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo examine the association between central nervous system (CNS)‐active medication use and the risk of fall‐related injury in community‐dwelling older adults following dementia onset. Further, to evaluate increased risk at higher doses or with a greater number of CNS‐active medication classes.MethodsParticipants included community‐dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older with a dementia diagnosis participating in the Adult Changes in Thought Study. From automated pharmacy data, a time‐varying composite measure of CNS‐active medication use was created. Central nervous system‐active medication use was classified as current (use within prior 30 days), recent (prior 31–90 days), past (prior 91–365 days), and nonuse (no exposure in prior year). For current users, standardized daily doses (SDDs) were calculated for each CNS‐active medication and summed across medications, and the number of CNS‐active medication classes used was also measured. The outcome was fall‐related injury based on emergency department, inpatient, and outpatient International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) and external cause of injury (E) codes.ResultsAmong 793 subjects, 303 fall‐related injuries occurred over a mean follow‐up of 3.7 years (2907 total person‐years). Relative to nonuse, fall risk was significantly higher for current use (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.59, 95% confidence internal [CI] 1.19–2.12) but not for past or recent use. Among current users, increased risk was seen across SDD levels: HRs (95% CI): 1.77 (1.19–2.62), 1.79 (1.25–2.56), and 1.35 (0.96–1.92) for less than 1 SDD, 1 to less than 2 SDDs, and 2 or more SDDs, respectively (trend test, p=0.14). A trend was seen for increasing risk with a greater number of CNS‐active medication classes; however, this was not statistically significant (trend test, p=0.084).ConclusionsCurrent use of CNS‐active medications was associated with fall‐related injury in community‐dwelling older adults followed from time of dementia onset, with increased risk even with use of low doses.
Gone viral: Content characteristics and relative quality of highly shared school psychology‐related content on Pinterest
Authors: Hall Cristin M. , Breeden Nicole C. , Giacobe Nicklaus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEducational professionals, including school psychologists, are utilizing extant social media platforms to gather ideas, strategies, and resources to serve students with a variety of needs. The concern about the quality of resources remains a consistent reservation by proponents of adherence to best practices and evidence‐based programs. The present study examined a sample (n = 444) of the most highly shared pins in a random sample of content from followers of the National Association of School Psychologists Pinterest account. The research team conducted content‐coding for tool type, content type, the original source of the materials, and functionality and user‐friendliness. Results indicated that there was a high representation of social‐emotional, autism‐related, and intervention‐related material. Allied professionals (such as teachers) disseminated much of the content that was highly shared. Inferential analysis revealed that there were differential patterns of utility, functionality and content types across various original sources from the internet.
Improving abamectin bioavailability via nanosuspension constructed by wet milling technique
Authors: Cui Bo , Lv Yan , Gao Fei , Wang Chunxin , Zeng Zhanghua , Wang Yan , Sun Changjiao , Zhao Xiang , Shen Yue , Liu Guoqiang , Cui Haixin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoorly water‐soluble and photosensitive pesticide compounds are difficult to be formulated as environmentally friendly formulations with high efficacy. Conventional wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate and emulsion in water have disadvantages of dust drift, overuse of organic solvent and low efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to construct a novel formulation to improve the bioavailability of pesticides.RESULTSAn abamectin nanosuspension was developed using a wet‐milling method combined with orthogonal experimental design. The average particle sizes of the abamectin nanosuspension measured by dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were 233, 90 and 140 nm, respectively. The zeta potential and sliding angle on cabbage leaves were −36.9 mV and 62°. Retention and anti‐photolysis were around 1.5 and 1.6 times those of emulsions in water. Furthermore, the biological activity of the nanosuspension towards diamondback moths was approximately twice that of conventional formulations.CONCLUSIONThis study provides an easy and scalable technique for constructing pesticide nanosuspensions. The preparation and composition of the nanosuspension avoid the use of organic solvents. Application of the highly effective nanoformulation will significantly enhance pesticide efficacy, and reduce the dosage and environmental pollution of the pesticide. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry