bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial effects − site-specific regulation of actin and microtubule organization by septin GTPases
Authors: Spiliotis Elias T. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The actin and microtubule cytoskeletons comprise a variety of networks with distinct architectures, dynamics and protein composition. A fundamental question in eukaryotic cell biology is how these networks are spatially and temporally controlled, so they are positioned in the right intracellular places at the right time. While significant progress has been made in understanding the self-assembly of actin and microtubule networks, less is known about how they are patterned and regulated in a site-specific manner. In mammalian systems, septins are a large family of GTP-binding proteins that multimerize into higher-order structures, which associate with distinct subsets of actin filaments and microtubules, as well as membranes of specific curvature and lipid composition. Recent studies have shed more light on how septins interact with actin and microtubules, and raised the possibility that the cytoskeletal topology of septins is determined by their membrane specificity. Importantly, new functions have emerged for septins regarding the generation, maintenance and positioning of cytoskeletal networks with distinct organization and biochemical makeup. This Review presents new and past findings, and discusses septins as a unique regulatory module that instructs the local differentiation and positioning of distinct actin and microtubule networks.
Supplemental Oxygen Does Not Influence Self-selected Work Rate at Moderate Altitude
Authors: WILLIAMS KIRSTEN A. , BELL KATHRYN , JACOBS ROBERT A. , SUBUDHI ANDREW W. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
It is well known that supplemental oxygen can increase aerobic power output during high-intensity and/or maximal efforts at moderate altitude, yet the effects on self-selected work rate during lower-intensity, submaximal exercise are unknown. We reasoned that if the degree of arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) influences teleoanticipatory regulation of power output, supplemental oxygen given at moderate altitude would increase average power output during exercise performed at self-selected work rates corresponding to RPE 9 (very light) and 13 (somewhat hard).

Methods
Twenty-three subjects (17 males, 6 females) completed one familiarization [fraction of inspired O2 (FIO2) = 0.209] and two blinded, experimental trials (FIO2 = 0.209 and FIO2 = 0.267). In each trial, subjects self-regulated their work rate on a cycle ergometer to maintain RPE 9 for 5 min and RPE 13 for 10 min, before performing an incremental step test to exhaustion (25 W·min−1). Oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and SaO2 via pulse oximetry (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Subjects were asked to guess the experimental condition after each stage of the protocol.

Results
Supplemental oxygen increased SpO2 throughout exercise (~4%; P < 0.001) and was associated with greater peak power output (4% ± 4%; P < 0.001) and V˙O2 (5% ± 10%; P = 0.010) during the incremental test, but did not increase average power output selected during exercise at RPE 9 (P = 0.235) or 13 (P = 0.992). Subjects were unable to perceive the difference in FIO2 at any stage (P > 0.14).

Conclusions
Small increases in inspired oxygen concentration at moderate altitude are imperceptible and do not appear to influence selection of submaximal work rates at RPE ≤ 13.
Intraoperative placement of total hip arthroplasty components with robotic-arm assisted technology correlates with postoperative implant position
Authors: Nodzo S. R. , Chang C-C. , Carroll K. M. , Barlow B. T. , Banks S. A. , Padgett D. E. , Mayman D. J. , Jerabek S. A. 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of implant placement when using robotic assistance during total hip arthroplasty (THA).Patients and MethodsA total of 20 patients underwent a planned THA using preoperative CT scans and robotic-assisted software. There were nine men and 11 women (n = 20 hips) with a mean age of 60.8 years (sd 6.0). Pelvic and femoral bone models were constructed by segmenting both preoperative and postoperative CT scan images. The preoperative anatomical landmarks using the robotic-assisted system were matched to the postoperative 3D reconstructions of the pelvis. Acetabular and femoral component positions as measured intraoperatively and postoperatively were evaluated and compared.ResultsThe system reported accurate values for reconstruction of the hip when compared to those measured postoperatively using CT. The mean deviation from the executed overall hip length and offset were 1.6 mm (sd 2.9) and 0.5 mm (sd 3.0), respectively. Mean combined anteversion was similar and correlated between intraoperative measurements and postoperative CT measurements (32.5°, sd 5.9° versus 32.2°, sd 6.4°; respectively; R2= 0.65; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between mean intraoperative (40.4°, sd 2.1°) acetabular component inclination and mean measured postoperative inclination (40.12°, sd 3.0°, R2= 0.62; p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between mean intraoperative version (23.2°, sd 2.3°), and postoperatively measured version (23.0°, sd 2.4°; R2= 0.76; p < 0.001). Preoperative and postoperative femoral component anteversion were significantly correlated with one another (R2= 0.64; p < 0.001). Three patients had CT scan measurements that differed substantially from the intraoperative robotic measurements when evaluating stem anteversion.ConclusionThis is the first study to evaluate the success of hip reconstruction overall using robotic-assisted THA. The overall hip reconstruction obtained in the operating theatre using robotic assistance accurately correlated with the postoperative component position assessed independently using CT based 3D modelling. Clinical correlation during surgery should continue to be practiced and compared with observed intraoperative robotic values. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1303–9.
A systematic review of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery between 2000 and 2016
Authors: Manta A. , Opingari E. , Saleh A. H. , Simunovic N. , Duong A. , Sprague S. , Peterson D. , Bhandari M. 
Published: October 2018

Aims The aims of this systematic review were to describe the quantity and methodological quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery published during the last 17 years. Materials and Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed, between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2016, were searched for meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery dealing with at least one surgical intervention. Meta-analyses were included if the interventions involved a human muscle, ligament, bone or joint. Results A total of 392 meta-analyses met eligibility criteria, for which the mean AMSTAR quality score was 7.1/11. There was a positive correlation between the year of publication and the quality of the meta-analysis (r = 0.238, p < 0.001). Between 2000 and 2011, the mean AMSTAR score corresponded to that of a medium quality review. However, between 2012 and 2016, the mean scores have been consistently equivalent to those of a high-quality review. The number of meta-analyses published increased 10-fold between 2005 and 2014. Conclusion The quantity and quality of meta-analyses in orthopaedic surgery which have been published has increased, reaching a plateau in 2012. Methodological flaws remain to be addressed in future meta-analyses in order to continue increasing the quality of the orthopaedic literature. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1270–4.
What preoperative factors predict postoperative sitting pelvic position one year following total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Berliner J. L. , Esposito C. I. , Miller T. T. , Padgett D. E. , Mayman D. J. , Jerabek S. A. 
Published: October 2018

Aims The aims of this study were to measure sagittal standing and sitting lumbar-pelvic-femoral alignment in patients before and following total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to consider what preoperative factors may influence a change in postoperative pelvic position. Patients and Methods A total of 161 patients were considered for inclusion. Patients had a mean age of the remaining 61 years (sd 11) with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28 kg/m2 (sd 6). Of the 161 patients, 82 were male (51%). We excluded 17 patients (11%) with spinal conditions known to affect lumbar mobility as well as the rotational axis of the spine. Standing and sitting spine-to-lower-limb radiographs were taken of the remaining 144 patients before and one year following THA. Spinopelvic alignment measurements, including sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, and pelvic incidence, were measured. These angles were used to calculate lumbar spine flexion and femoroacetabular hip flexion from a standing to sitting position. A radiographic scoring system was used to identify those patients in the series who had lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) and compare spinopelvic parameters between those patients with DDD (n = 38) and those who did not (n = 106). Results Following THA, patients sat with more anterior pelvic tilt (mean increased sacral slope 18° preoperatively versus 23° postoperatively; p = 0.001) and more lumbar lordosis (mean 28° preoperatively versus 35° postoperatively; p = 0.001). Preoperative change in sacral slope from standing to sitting (p = 0.03) and the absence of DDD (p = 0.001) correlated to an increased change in postoperative sitting pelvic alignment. Conclusion Sitting lumbar-pelvic-femoral alignment following THA may be driven by hip arthritis and/or spinal deformity. Patients with DDD and fixed spinopelvic alignment have a predictable pelvic position one year following THA. Patients with normal spines have less predictable postoperative pelvic position, which is likely to be driven by hip stiffness. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1289–96.
The role of lumbar lordosis and pelvic sagittal balance in femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Fader R. R. , Tao M. A. , Gaudiani M. A. , Turk R. , Nwachukwu B. U. , Esposito C. I. , Ranawat A. S. 
Published: October 2018

Aims The purpose of this study was to evaluate spinopelvic mechanics from standing and sitting positions in subjects with and without femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We hypothesize that FAI patients will experience less flexion at the lumbar spine and more flexion at the hip whilst changing from standing to sitting positions than subjects without FAI. This increase in hip flexion may contribute to symptomatology in FAI. Patients and Methods Male subjects were prospectively enrolled to the study (n = 20). Mean age was 31 years old (22 to 41). All underwent clinical examination, plain radiographs, and dynamic imaging using EOS. Subjects were categorized into three groups: non-FAI (no radiographic or clinical FAI or pain), asymptomatic FAI (radiographic and clinical FAI but no pain), and symptomatic FAI (patients with both pain and radiographic FAI). FAI was defined as internal rotation less than 15° and alpha angle greater than 60°. Subjects underwent standing and sitting radiographs in order to measure spine and femoroacetabular flexion. Results Compared with non-FAI controls, symptomatic patients with FAI had less flexion at the spine (mean 22°, sd 12°, vs mean 35°, sd 8°; p = 0.04) and more at the hip (mean 72°, sd 6°, vs mean 62°, sd 8°; p = 0.047). Subjects with asymptomatic FAI had more spine flexion and similar hip flexion when compared to symptomatic FAI patients. Both FAI groups also sat with more anterior pelvic tilt than control patients. There were no differences in standing alignment among groups. Conclusion Symptomatic patients with FAI require more flexion at the hip to achieve sitting position due to their inability to compensate through the lumbar spine. With limited spine flexion, FAI patients sit with more anterior pelvic tilt, which may lead to impingement between the acetabulum and proximal femur. Differences in spinopelvic mechanics between FAI and non-FAI patients may contribute to the progression of FAI symptoms. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1275–9.
Pelvic positioning in the supine position leads to more consistent orientation of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Grammatopoulos G. , Gofton W. , Cochran M. , Dobransky J. , Carli A. , Abdelbary H. , Gill H. S. , Beaulé P. E. 
Published: October 2018

Aims This study aims to: determine the difference in pelvic position that occurs between surgery and radiographic, supine, postoperative assessment; examine how the difference in pelvic position influences subsequent component orientation; and establish whether differences in pelvic position, and thereafter component orientation, exist between total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed in the supine versus the lateral decubitus positions. Patients and Methods The intra- and postoperative anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of 321 THAs were included; 167 were performed with the patient supine using the anterior approach and 154 were performed with the patient in the lateral decubitus using the posterior approach. The inclination and anteversion of the acetabular component was measured and the difference (Δ) between the intra- and postoperative radiographs was determined. The target zone was inclination/anteversion of 40°/20° (± 10°). Changes in the tilt, rotation, and obliquity of the pelvis on the intra- and postoperative radiographs were calculated from Δinclination/anteversion using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. Results The mean postoperative inclination/anteversion was 40° (± 8°)/23° (± 9°) with Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° in 74 (21%). Intraoperatively, the pelvis was anteriorly tilted by a mean of 4° (± 10°), internally rotated by a mean of 1° (± 10°) and adducted by a mean of 1° (± 5°). Having Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° was associated with a 3.5 odds ratio of having the acetabular component outside the target zone. A greater proportion of THAs that were undertaken with the patient in the lateral decubitus position had Δinclination and/or Δanteversion > ± 10° (35.3%, 54/153) compared with those in the supine position (4.8%, 8/167; p < 0.001). A greater number of acetabular components were within the target zone in THAs undertaken with the patient in the supine position (72%, 120/167), compared with those in the lateral decubitus position (44%, 67/153; p < 0.001). Intraoperatively, the pelvis was more anteriorly tilted (p < 0.001) and more internally rotated (p = 0.04) when the patient was in the lateral decubitus position. Conclusion The pelvic position is more reliable when the patient is in the supine position, leading to more consistent orientation of the acetabular component. Significant differences in pelvic tilt and rotation are seen with the patient in the lateral decubitus position. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1280–8.
Trends in the surgical treatment of pathological fractures of the long bones
Authors: Willeumier J. J. , van de Sande M. A. J. , van der Wal R. J. P. , Dijkstra P. D. S. 
Published: October 2018

Aims The aim of this study was to assess the current trends in the estimation of survival and the preferred forms of treatment of pathological fractures among national and international general and oncological orthopaedic surgeons, and to explore whether improvements in the management of these patients could be identified in this way. Materials and Methods All members of the Dutch Orthopaedic Society (DOS) and the European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society (EMSOS) were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire containing 12 cases. Results A total of 96 of 948 members of the DOS (10.1%; groups 1 and 2) and 33 of 182 members of the EMSOS (18%; group 3) replied. The estimation of survival was accurate by more than 50% of all three groups, if the expected survival was short (< 3 months) or long (> 12 months). General orthopaedic surgeons preferred using an intramedullary nail for fractures of the humerus and femur, irrespective of the expected survival or the origin of primary tumour or the location of the fracture. Oncological orthopaedic surgeons recommended prosthetic reconstruction in patients with a long expected survival. Conclusion Identifying patients who require centralized care, as opposed to those who can be adequately treated in a regional centre, can improve the management of patients with pathological fractures. This differentiation should be based on the expected survival, the type and extent of the tumour, and the location of the fracture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1392–8.
Kemampuan Campuran Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma sp. untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tanaman Tomat
Authors: Manan Abdul , Mugiastuti Endang , Soesanto Loekas 
Published: October 2018

Ability of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. to Control Tomato Bacterial Wilt DiseaseRalstonia solanacearum is known as the causal agent of bacterial wilt on tomato. The bacteria may infect all stadia of plant growth and decrease tomato production. Biological control using antagonistic microbes is considered as a potential control alternative for the disease. This research was aimed to assay the ability of combination treatment of Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Trichoderma sp. in controlling R. solanacearum and its effect on growth and yield of tomato in the field. The treatments consisted of control (without antagonistic microbes), mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp.; Bacillus sp. B8 + Pseudomonas flourescens P8 + Trichoderma sp.; and Streptomisin sulfat 20%. Antagonistic microbes was applied at planting time, as much as 100 mL per plant. The result showed that mixed combination of Bacillus sp. B8 + Bacillus sp. B11 + Trichoderma sp. was the best treatment in controlling the disease as indicated by delaying incubation period up to 6.2 days, decreasing disease incidence up to 12.3%, increasing plant growth up to 42.80%, and increasing yield up to 14.99%.
PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK PERBATASAN "UN-RESOLVED" DAN "UN-SURVEYED" SEGMEN BIJAELSUNAN-SUBINA-OBEN MELALUI PENDEKATAN BUDAYA
Authors: Kolne Yakobus 
Published: October 2018

Perjanjian perbatasan antar negara merupakan salah satu bentuk perjanjian internasional, yang tentu saja dalam pelaksanaannya mengikuti asas-asas dan kaidah yang lazim dalam hukum internasional. Doktrik hukum internasional mengajarkan bahwa perjanjian tentang batas negara bersifat final sehingga tidak dapat diubah. Berkaitan dengan perjanjian perbatasan antarnegara, masalah krusial yang sering muncul adalah terbentunya negara baru, baik dalam rangka pelaksanaan right for self determination maupun akibat proses separasi lainnya, seperti halnya Timor-Timur melepaskan diri dari Indonesia sebagai akibat jajak pendapat yang dilaksanakan september 1999, dimana mayoritas rakyat Timor-Timur menginginkan lepas dari Indonesia dan berdiri sendiri sebagai sebuah negara yang berdaulat. Secara umum, doktrin yang berlaku adalah clean slate dimana negara baru tidak memiliki keterikatan untuk mempertahankan perjanjian yang dibuat sebelumnya sehingga posisi negara baru vis is vis perjanjian tersebut sepenuhnya bebas menerima atau menolak eksistensi perjanjian. Berdasarkan perspektif hukum perjanjian internasional hal tersebut dianggap wajar, karena perjanjian hanya mengikat para pihak yang membuatnya, dan tidak berlaku terhadap pihak ketiga yang tidak bersedia menundukkan diri pada obyek yang diatur di dalamnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi kawasan perbatasan Indonesia dan Timor Leste khususnya di kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dengan distric Oecuse berbeda sifat dan kondisinya dengan wilayah lain. Permasalahan-permasalahan yang terjadi dikawasan perbatasan dipengaruhi oleh faktyor yang berbeda seperti faktor goegrafis, ketersediaan sumber daya manusia dan alam, kondisi sosial, ekonomi, politik dan budaya serta tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat negara tetangga. Salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi oleh seluruh kawasan perbatasan di Indonesia adalah kemiskinan serta ketersediaan sarana prasarana dasar sosial dan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu sebagai upaya untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah perlu dilakukan komunikasi dan koordinasi dengan masyarakat yang bersengketa secara rutin, perlu adanya sosialisasi secara terus menurus kepada masyarakat dengan memberikan pemahaman mengenai perjanjian perbatasan baik secara hukum, sosial dan budaya sehingga mereka bisa saling menerima dengan tetap menghargai nilai-nilai adat istiadat yang telah disepakati sebelumnya. Selain itu juga dibutuhkan suatu komitmen sehingga masalah perbatasan itu dapat diselesaikan secara damai.
Moral Competence and Aggression Prevention. Updating MCT Pilot Studies Inspired by Georg Lind’s Book How to Teach Morality. Promoting Deliberation and Discussion, Reducing Violence and Deceit (2016)
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Urbańska Adrianna 
Published: October 2018

Aggression in juveniles may increase even in modern societies and manifest itself in countless forms of violence, including harming, persecution, abuse, pressure, hostility, etc. A large number of studies on the evolutionary, psychological and sociological origins of aggression are available. However, we lack cognitive remedies to counter developing tendencies towards aggressive behavior. Georg Lind's book How to teach morality. Promoting deliberation and discussion, reducing violence and deceit (2016) offers such a remedy based on his long–term (1976–2017) experiences with dilemma discussion training. This paper draws on Lind's conception of strengthening socio-moral competence as the most efficient remedy against aggression. It also revisits the ongoing theories of empathy. Finally, it revises the pilot research study that we conducted 2010 among Polish and Swiss juveniles7. That study focused on the following hypotheses: Lind's method of dilemma discussion (KMDD) can train and retrain moral competence in uveniles that show a slight inclination towards aggressive behavior. Strong moral competence may prevent further maldevelopment, in particular interpersonal and collective violence.