bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Orbital‐Oriented Control of Magnetization in Half‐Metallic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Films
Authors: Liu Bo , Niu Wei , Chen Yongda , Ruan Xuezhong , Tang Zhixiong , Wang Xuefeng , Liu Wenqing , He Liang , Li Yao , Wu Jing , Tang Shaolong , Du Jun , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractManipulating spins by ultrafast pulse laser provides a new avenue to switch the magnetization for spintronic applications. While the spin–orbit coupling is known to play a pivotal role in the ultrafast laser‐induced demagnetization, the effect of the anisotropic spin–orbit coupling on the transient magnetization remains an open issue. This study uncovers the role of anisotropic spin–orbit coupling in the spin dynamics in a half‐metallic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 film by ultrafast pump–probe technique. The magnetic order is found to be transiently enhanced or attenuated within the initial sub‐picosecond when the probe light is tuned to be s‐ or p‐polarized, respectively. The subsequent slow demagnetization amplitude follows the fourfold symmetry of the orbitals as a function of the polarization angles of the probe light. A model based on the Elliott–Yafet spin‐flip scatterings is proposed to reveal that the transient magnetization enhancement is related to the spin‐mixed states arising from the anisotropic spin–orbit coupling. The findings provide new insights into the spin dynamics in magnetic systems with anisotropic spin–orbit coupling as well as perspectives for the ultrafast control of information process in spintronic devices.
Optical Anapoles: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Baryshnikova Kseniia V. , Smirnova Daria A. , Luk'yanchuk Boris S. , Kivshar Yuri S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInterference of electromagnetic modes supported by subwavelength photonic structures is one of the key concepts that underpins the nanoscale control of light in metaoptics. It drives the whole realm of all‐dielectric Mie‐resonant nanophotonics with many applications for low‐loss nanoscale optical antennas, metasurfaces, and metadevices. Specifically, interference of the electric and toroidal dipole moments results in a very peculiar, low‐radiating optical state associated with the concept of optical anapole. Here, the physics of multimode interferences and multipolar interplay in nanostructures is uncovered with an intriguing example of the optical anapole. The recently emerged field of anapole electrodynamics is reviewed, explicating its relevance to multipolar nanophotonics, including direct experimental observations, manifestations in nonlinear optics, and rapidly expanding applications in nanoantennas, active photonics, and metamaterials.
Dependance of stress ratio on the Mode I fatigue delamination growth in woven carbon–epoxy composites
Authors: Torres Mauricio , García‐Rivera S. Sugey , Rivas‐López Diego , González‐Velázquez Jorge L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes crack growth behavior of woven carbon fiber reinforced plastics under tension–tension fatigue varying the stress ratio (R). The composite studied here is 3K‐70‐P carbon fiber plain weave with EPOLAM 2015® epoxy resin, manufactured by vacuum bagging procedure. The modified París’ law for composites is used to estimate the delamination crack growth (da/dN) in terms of interlaminar fracture toughness ratio (Gmax/GIC). Delamination's dependence on R factor is discussed, as crack growth rate increases when stress ratio becomes higher. Also, fractographic examination is provided, as fatigue striation density is inversely dependent on fatigue stress ratio.
Compositional and Solvent Engineering in Dion–Jacobson 2D Perovskites Boosts Solar Cell Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ke Weijun , Mao Lingling , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Hoffman Justin , Spanopoulos Ioannis , Mohite Aditya D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHybrid halide 2D perovskites deserve special attention because they exhibit superior environmental stability compared with their 3D analogs. The closer interlayer distance discovered in 2D Dion–Jacobson (DJ) type of halide perovskites relative to 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites implies better carrier charge transport and superior performance in solar cells. Here, the structure and properties of 2D DJ perovskites employing 3‐(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP2+) as the spacing cation and a mixture of methylammonium (MA+) and formamidinium (FA+) cations in the perovskite cages are presented. Using single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, it is found that the mixed‐cation (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13 perovskite has a narrower bandgap, less distorted inorganic framework, and larger PbIPb angles than the single‐cation (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13. Furthermore, the (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13 films made by a solvent‐engineering method with a small amount of hydriodic acid have a much better film morphology and crystalline quality and more preferred perpendicular orientation. As a result, the (3AMP)(MA0.75FA0.25)3Pb4I13‐based solar cells exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency of 12.04% with a high fill factor of 81.04% and a 50% average efficiency improvement compared to the pristine (3AMP)(MA)3Pb4I13 cells. Most importantly, the 2D DJ 3AMP‐based perovskite films and devices show better air and light stability than the 2D RP butylammonium‐based perovskites and their 3D analogs.
Advanced cadaver‐based educational seminar for trauma surgery using saturated salt solution‐embalmed cadavers
Authors: Homma Hiroshi , Oda Jun , Sano Hidefumi , Kawai Kentaro , Koizumi Nobusato , Uramoto Hidetaka , Sato Norio , Mashiko Kazuki , Yasumatsu Hiroshi , Ito Masayuki , Fukuhara Tomomi , Watanabe Yo , Kim Shiei , Hayashi Shogo , Kawata Shinichi , Miyawaki Makoto , Miyaso Hidenobu , Itoh Masahiro 
Published: January 2019

AimSenior surgeons in Japan who participated in “cadaver‐based educational seminar for trauma surgery (CESTS)” subsequently stated their interest in seminars for more difficult procedures. Therefore, we held a 1‐day advanced‐CESTS with saturated salt solution (SSS)‐embalmed cadavers and assessed its effectiveness for surgical skills training (SST).MethodsData were collected from three seminars carried out from September 2015 to January 2018, including a 10‐point self‐assessment of confidence levels (SACL) questionnaire on nine advanced surgical skills, and evaluation of seminar content before, just after, and half a year after the seminar. Participants assessed the suitability of the two embalming methods (formalin solution [FAS] and SSS) for SST, just after the seminar. Statistical analysis resulted in P < 0.0167 comparing SACL results from seminar evaluations at the three time points and P < 0.05 comparing FAS to SSS.ResultsForty‐three participants carried out surgical procedures of the lung, liver, abdominal aorta, and pelvis and extremity. The SACL scores increased in all skills between before and just after the seminar, but were decreased by half a year after. However, SACL scores of each skill did not change significantly, except for external fixation for pelvic fracture at just after and half a year after. The SSS‐embalmed cadavers were evaluated as being more suitable than FAS‐embalmed cadavers for each procedure.ConclusionsAdvanced‐CESTS using SSS‐embalmed cadavers increased the participants’ self‐confidence just after the seminar, which was maintained after half a year in each skill, except external fixation for pelvic fracture. Therefore, SSS‐embalmed cadavers are useful for SST, particularly for surgical repairs.
Adjusting the Reduction Potential of Electrons by Quantum Confinement for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 to Methanol
Authors: Li Ang , Wang Tuo , Li Chengcheng , Huang Zhiqi , Luo Zhibin , Gong Jinlong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe production of CH3OH from the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (PCRR) presents a promising route for the clean utilization of renewable resources, but charge recombination, an unsatisfying stability and a poor selectivity limit its practical application. In this paper, we present the design and fabrication of 0D/2D materials with polymeric C3N4 nanosheets and CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to enhance the separation and reduce the diffusion length of charge carriers. The rapid outflow of carriers also restrains self‐corrosion and consequently enhances the stability. Furthermore, based on quantum confinement effects of the QDs, the energy of the electrons could be adjusted to a level that inhibits the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER, the main competitive reaction to PCRR) and improves the selectivity and activity for CH3OH production from the PCRR. The band structures of photocatalysts with various CdSe particle sizes were also investigated quantitatively to establish the relationship between the band energy and the photocatalytic performance.
A Niobium Oxyiodate Sulfate with a Strong Second‐Harmonic‐Generation Response Built by Rational Multi‐Component Design
Authors: Tang Hong‐Xin , Zhang Yu‐Xiao , Zhuo Chao , Fu Rui‐Biao , Lin Hua , Ma Zu‐Ju , Wu Xin‐Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel niobium oxyiodate sulfate, Nb2O3(IO3)2 (SO4), was fabricated by a rational multi‐component design under moderate hydrothermal conditions. This multi‐component design is inspired by an interesting niobium oxysulfate reaction, which opens a new door for synthetic method to effectively introduce refractory metals such as Nb into crystal structures by hydrothermal synthesis. Nb2O3(IO3)2(SO4) features a cube‐like topological structure with a large phase‐matching second harmonic generation (SHG) response (6×KDP), a wide transparency window (0.38–8 μm), and a high laser damage threshold (LDT) (20×AgGaS2). It has the highest thermostability (stable up to 580 °C under air) among reported non‐centrosymmetric (NCS) iodates and sulfates and is stable in water and even concentrated H2SO4. Furthermore, Nb2O3(IO3)2(SO4) is a unique nonlinear optical (NLO) material among iodates and sulfates, because its SHG effect is mainly caused by the MO6 units rather than the IO3 or SO4 units, which is demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Copper Photoredox Catalyzed A3’ Coupling of Arylamines, Terminal Alkynes, and Alcohols through a Hydrogen Atom Transfer Process
Authors: Sagadevan Arunachalam , Pampana V. Kishore Kumar , Hwang Kuo Chu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe first successful example of the three‐component coupling of N‐alkylanilines, terminal alkynes, and alcohols was achieved at room temperature by a visible‐light‐mediated copper‐catalyzed photoredox hydrogen‐atom transfer process. This method allows preparation of propargylamines through uniquely selective α‐C−H bond activation of unactivated alkylalcohols. Preliminary studies indicate that formation of α‐oxy radical is operative. This approach facilitates rapid access to biologically important propargylamines from methanol as an abundant feedstock.
Size‐Control by Anion Templating in Mechanochemical Synthesis of Hemicucurbiturils in the Solid State
Authors: Kaabel Sandra , Stein Robin S. , Fomitšenko Maria , Järving Ivar , Friščić Tomislav , Aav Riina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSelf‐organization is one of the most intriguing phenomena of chemical matter. While the self‐assembly of macrocycles and cages in dilute solutions has been extensively studied, it remains poorly understood in solvent‐free environments. Provided here is the first example of using anionic templates to achieve selective assembly of differently‐sized macrocycles in a solvent‐free system. Using acid‐catalyzed synthesis of cyclohexanohemicucurbiturils as a model, size‐controlled, quantitative synthesis of 6‐ or 8‐membered macrocycles by spontaneous anion‐directed reorganization of mechanochemically‐made oligomers in the solid state is demonstrated.
Optimierung photodynamischer Krebstherapien auf der Grundlage physikalisch‐chemischer Faktoren
Authors: Yang Mingying , Yang Tao , Mao Chuanbin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDer Einsatz der photodynamischen Therapie (PDT) in der Krebstherapie ist aufgrund der unerwünschten Auswirkungen auf das gesunde Gewebe nie vollständig realisiert worden. Wir fassen hier einige physikalisch‐chemische Faktoren zusammen, die PDT zu einer tragfähigeren und effektiveren Methode machen, um zukünftigen Krebspatienten qualitativ bessere Behandlungsmöglichkeiten bieten zu können. Diese physikalisch‐chemischen Faktoren umfassen Lichtquellen, Träger für Photosensibilisatoren (PS), Mikrowellen, elektrische Felder, Magnetfelder und Ultraschall. Wir diskutieren aktuelle Ergebnisse zur Anwendung der PDT, einschließlich In‐vitro‐ und In‐vivo‐Studien und mit einem Schwerpunkt auf den physikalisch‐chemischen Faktoren der PDT. Eine Vielzahl von fortschrittlichen Techniken, wie z. B. der Einsatz von Röntgenstrahlung als Lichtquelle, die Nutzung von Nanopartikel‐beladenen Stammzellen und bakteriophagen Bionanodrähten als Photosensibilisatorträger sowie die Integration mit der Immuntherapie, sind Teil der Entwicklung des Gebiets.
Die Halogen‐Samarium‐Austauschreaktion: Synthetische Anwendungen und Kinetik
Authors: Anthore‐Dalion Lucile , Benischke Andreas D. , Wei Baosheng , Berionni Guillaume , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSchnelle I/Sm‐ und Br/Sm‐Austauschreaktionen finden statt, wenn unterschiedliche aromatische oder heterocyclische Iodide und Bromide mit nBu2SmCl⋅4 LiCl beziehungsweise mit nBu3Sm⋅5 LiCl behandelt werden. Die erhaltenen Organosamariumreagenzien wurden effizient mit Aldehyden, Ketonen und Iminen abgefangen. Ebenso wurden diese Reagenzien durch Versetzen mit N,N‐Dimethylamiden acyliert, was zu Ketonen führte. Die Geschwindigkeit des Br/Sm‐Austausches wurde anhand eines typischen Arylbromides bestimmt und es wurde gezeigt, dass dieser 8.5×105 mal schneller als der entsprechende Br/Mg‐Austausch abläuft. Diese Beobachtung befürwortet, dass die Geschwindigkeit des Metallaustausches mit dem ionischen Charakter der Kohlenstoff‐Metallbindung und somit mit der Metallelektronegativität zusammenhängt.
The Halogen–Samarium Exchange Reaction: Synthetic Applications and Kinetics
Authors: Anthore‐Dalion Lucile , Benischke Andreas D. , Wei Baosheng , Berionni Guillaume , Knochel Paul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFast I/Sm and Br/Sm exchanges take place when various aromatic or heterocyclic iodides and bromides are treated with nBu2SmCl⋅4 LiCl and nBu3Sm⋅5 LiCl, respectively. The resulting organosamarium reagents were efficiently quenched with aldehydes, ketones, and imines. Also, they undergo acylations when treated with N,N‐dimethylamides leading to ketones. The rate of the Br/Sm exchange for a typical aryl bromide was determined and found to be 8.5×105 faster than the Br/Mg exchange, indicating that the rate of a metal‐exchange is related to the ionic character of the carbon–metal bond and to the metal electronegativity.
Synthesis, structural characterization and cytotoxic activity of triorganotin 5‐(salicylideneamino)salicylates
Authors: Liu Jin , Lin Yichao , Liu Min , Wang Shiqing , Li Yuxiao , Liu Xicheng , Tian Laijin 
Published: January 2019

Six new triorganotin complexes (1a–1c and 2a–2c) of 5‐(salicylideneamino)salicylic acid, [5‐(3‐X‐2‐HOC6H3CH═N)‐2‐HOC6H3COO]SnR3 (X = H, 1; CH3O, 2; R = Ph, a; Cy, b; CH2C(CH3)2Ph, c), have been synthesized by one‐pot reaction of 5‐aminosalicylic acid, salicylaldehyde and triorganotin hydroxide and characterized using elemental analysis and infrared and NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of 1a, 1b, 2a·CH3OH, 2b·CH3OH and 2c·CHCl3 have been determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In non‐coordinated solvent CDCl3, the tin atoms in the complexes are all four‐coordinated. In the crystalline state, these compounds adopt a four‐ or five‐coordination mode. Complex 1a exhibits a 44‐membered macrocyclic tetrameric structure with trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the tin atoms in which the axial positions are occupied by the oxygen atom of carboxylate group of the ligand and the phenolic oxygen atom from the adjacent ligand. The coordination geometry of tin atom in 1b and 2c·CHCl3 is a distorted tetrahedron shaped by three carbon atoms of alkyl groups and a carboxylate oxygen atom of the ligand. In 2a·CH3OH and 2b·CH3OH, the tin atom has a distorted trans‐C3SnO2 trigonal bipyramidal geometry formed by three alkyl groups, a monodentate carboxylate group and a coordinated methanol molecule. The molecules of 2a·CH3OH and 2b·CH3OH are linked via O─H···O hydrogen bonds into a one‐dimensional supramolecular chain and a centrosymmetric R44(22) macrocycle, respectively. Bioassay results against two human tumor cell types (A549 and HeLa) show the complexes are efficient cytostatic agents and may be explored as potential antitumor drugs.
Extraction of neodymium from other fission products by co‐reduction of Sn and Nd
Authors: Xu Hengbin , Zhang Milin , Yan Yongde , Sun Xin , Zheng Yanghai , Qiu Min , Liu Li 
Published: January 2019

High temperature processing is an important method for recovering long‐lived elements from spent nuclear fuel. Electrolysis is the key technology for high temperature processing. The electrochemical behaviors of Sn2+, Nd3+ and the mechanisms of Sn‐Nd alloy formation were investigated on a Mo electrode at 873 K by conducting a series of electrochemical techniques. The results showed the deposition of Nd on inert electrode is a two‐step process in LiCl‐KCl‐SnCl2 (2.0 wt.%) melt system. Subsequently, the electrochemical extraction of Nd from molten chlorides were carried out on the Mo electrode at temperature of 873 K by the potentiostatic electrolysis at −1.2 V for 40 hr. Besides, the extraction efficiency is 97.6%. A series of potentiostatic electrolysis were carried out at potential range between −1.0 and − 1.4 V. The NdSn3 alloy was obtained by electrolysis at −1.2 V. This deposition potential is consistent with the predicted results of the mathematical model. The micro‐chemical analysis and morphology analysis of the deposits was characterized by energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped. The composition of the deposits was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP‐AES).
Synergistic and diminutive effects between triel bond and regium bond: Attractive interactions between π‐hole and σ‐hole
Authors: Zhang Jingru , Wang Zhixin , Liu Shufeng , Cheng Jianbo , Li Wenzuo , Li Qingzhong 
Published: January 2019

High quantum chemical calculations have been performed for binary complexes of MCN···ZX3 (M = Cu, Ag, Au; Z = B, Al; X = H, F) and C2H4···AlX3. The strength of triel bonding depends on the nature of triel and coin metal atoms as well as the F substituents and electron donors. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis confirms a σ‐hole at the M‐C bond end of MCN, engaging in a regium bond with C2H4 in an increasing sequence of AgCN < CuCN < AuCN. The complex C2(CN)4···AuCN is unstable in view of MEPs, but a big attractive interaction energy (−38 kcal/mol) is produced when both molecules approach, which is mainly caused by polarization including orbital interactions. Both types of interactions are strengthened in ternary complex of C2H4···MCN···ZX3 but are weakened in NCAu···C2H4···AlX3 and C2(CN)4···AuCN···ZH3. It is found that the variation from synergistic to diminutive effects can be modulated by four CN groups in C2(CN)4. Interestingly, the binding distances of both interactions have an unexpected change. The cooperativity of both interactions has been explained with MEP and charge transfer. When C2H4 binds with AlX3 or AuCN, its π electron density is greatly decreased and even its MEP becomes positive, but it is still able to participate in a regium bond or a triel bond.
An experimental investigation and kinetic‐modeling study of the phase transformation behavior of glycine in various carboxylic acids
Authors: Polat Sevgi , Sayan Perviz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the phase transformation behavior from β‐glycine (Gly) to α‐Gly was examined in the presence of three different carboxylic acid additives (acetic, tartaric, and citric acid) at three different concentrations. Initially, the structure, morphology, shape parameters, surface functional groups, and elemental properties of the crystals prepared from the additive‐containing and nonadditive media were investigated. The characterization results showed that when compared with the pure medium, both the duration of the phase transformation and physicochemical properties of the α‐Gly crystals were altered in the presence of the three carboxylic acid additives studied. Subsequently, the experimental data obtained from the thermogravimetric analysis of the α‐Gly samples obtained from the additive containing and nonadditive media were modeled using a simplified DAEM kinetic model. On the basis of the data obtained from the distributed activation energy model, the average activation energy for the Gly crystals obtained from the pure medium was calculated to be 90.8 kJ/mol. The value for the crystals obtained from the acetic acid–containing medium was 104.0 higher than that found for the crystals from the pure medium and other two other additives studied. Besides kinetic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis/Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed that the carboxylic acid was adsorbed on the crystal's surface. The amount of acetic, tartaric, and citric acid adsorbed was 2.97, 2.38, and 1.72 mg/g, respectively.
Poly(aspartic acid) surface modification of macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres
Authors: Wu Xiaoyuan , Jiang Wenwei , Luo Yu , Li Jingjing 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNovel macroporous, hydrophilic microspheres with a surface layer of crosslinked poly(aspartic acid) were synthesized. In this study, macroporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) [poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA)] microspheres with pore size around 370 nm were first obtained through the surfactant reverse micelle swelling method, and the poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) was aminated by ethylene diamine to form poly(GMA‐NH2). The polysuccinimide was grafted onto the surface of poly(GMA‐NH2) microspheres and crosslinked by hexamethylendiamine and γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively, and then hydrolyzed to obtain the poly(aspartic acid)‐functionalized macroporous microspheres. The functionalized hydrophilic microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis, mercury porosimetry, and elemental analysis. The metal ion adsorption capacity was also studied. The FTIR, XPS, and elemental analysis confirmed the poly(aspartic acid) functionalization of the poly(GMA‐co‐EGDMA) microspheres. SEM and mercury porosimetry showed there was little effect of this surface chemical modification on microsphere porosity, and the obtained macroporous microspheres exhibited excellent thermal stability and adsorption for Ag(I), presenting great potential for applications in adsorption, fixation, and separation. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47441.