bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and morphological characterization of Mawsonascaris vulvolacinata n. sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) and associated histopathology in a wild caught cowtail stingray, Pastinachus ater
Authors: Shamsi Shokoofeh , Dang Mai , Zhu Xiaocheng , Nowak Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere are limited reports of infectious agents affecting Australian cowtail stingrays. In the present study, a new species of ascaridoid nematode belonging to the genus Mawsonascaris is described. The most distinct characteristic features were observed in females (the presence of a polar spine in the eggs and a flap‐like projection in the vulval area). An identification key for Mawsonascaris spp. is provided. Additionally, internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences were obtained for the new species. Alignment of the ITS sequence of the specimens in the present study with those deposited in GenBank showed that there exists no other highly similar sequence. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in a distinct grouping of our specimens supporting morphological distinction from previously described Mawsonascaris spp. Histology was used to investigate the pathology caused by the infection. Necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis were evident at the border of the nodules formed by parasite. A large number of parasites were present in muscularis mucosae and submucosa but not in the muscularis of the stomach. The parasites were associated with an increased inflammatory response, which was also found in the muscularis mucosae and submucosa. Similar pathology has been described in elasmobranchs infected by cestodes, although with more severe lesions.
Susceptibility of Caligus rogercresseyi collected from the native fish species Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier) to antiparasitics applied by immersion
Authors: González Gómez Margarita P. , Ovalle Loreto , Menanteau Mylena , Spinetto Claudia , Oyarzún Renato , Rivas Mario , Oyarzo Cristian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA major challenge for Chilean salmon farming is infestation by the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi. In addition, there is evidence that a loss of chemotherapeutic treatment efficacy against important fish pathogens is occurring in salmon farming, including antiparasitic efficacy. Currently, there are known techniques that allow the determination of the susceptibility profile of parasites to antiparasitic treatment. However, there is scarce information about both threshold values and categorization of antiparasitic susceptibility for C. rogercresseyi. Bioassay technique allowed the determination of both mean values and the natural variation of EC50%, which were contrasted with available susceptibility thresholds. Results allowed to determine that parasites from the native fish host, Eleginops maclovinus, are susceptible to azamethiphos, deltamethrin and cypermethrin treatments, showing a high susceptibility profile to antiparasitics.
Attentional Control Explains Covariation Between Symptoms of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety During Adolescence
Authors: Brooker Rebecca J. , Moore Mollie N. , Van Hulle Carol A. , Beekman Charles R. , Begnoche J. Patrick , Lemery‐Chalfant Kathryn , Goldsmith H. Hill 
Published: May 2019

Symptoms of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety are common during adolescence and frequently co‐occur. However, the genetic and environmental influences that underlie this co‐occurrence are understudied. Using a large twin sample (N = 1,017), we examined cross‐sectional genetic and environmental influences on ADHD and anxiety symptoms during childhood. We also explored whether these influences were shared with attentional control, a putative mechanism for symptom comorbidity. We found evidence for common genetic and nonshared environmental influences on the covariation among attentional control, ADHD, and anxiety symptoms, supporting the putative role of attentional control as a mechanism by which comorbid problems may develop. Genetic factors also accounted for symptom co‐occurrence after controlling for covariation with attentional control, suggesting the presence of additional unmeasured mechanisms.
Understanding the crispy–crunchy texture of raw red pepper and its change with storage time
Authors: Alvarez María Dolores , Velarde Cristina , Barrios Laura , Herranz Beatriz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRed sweet peppers held in cold storage were periodically sampled at 1‐week intervals over a 3‐weeks period using three‐point bending, puncture, cutting, and Volodkevich (coupled with acoustic emission) tests, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and other physicochemical measurements. At each sampling, tissue specimens were soaked in mannitol solutions (0.0–0.9M) and puncture test, dimension changes and CLSM were used to identify degrees of turgidity present in osmotically manipulated pepper tissue. Pepper texture became crumbly with increased storage time due to softening and wilting processes. The Young's modulus, derived from the bending test using the single‐edge notched bend geometry without notches decreased progressively during cold storage and resulted as the best mechanical parameter for measuring the loss of whole‐tissue stiffness by both decreased cell wall stiffness and turgor pressure. Osmotic adjustment indicated that the pepper structure is extremely anisotropic, with the specimen's “average” relative thickness (RT) being the dimension change more affected. Incipient plasmolysis was evident in the highest mannitol concentration (0.9M), therefore, the turgor pressure of nonsoaked tissue could not be inferred. However, significant correlations were found between RT and puncture parameters such as initial slope, initial and final distances, and the number of flesh and skin force peaks, which depended on the dilation or shrinkage caused by the osmotic adjustment. During storage, soaked tissues had lower crunchy texture than nonsoaked, reflecting that cell wall stiffness plays a more significant role in determining pepper crunchiness than cell turgor pressure.
Student and clinician identities: how are identities constructed in interprofessional narratives?
Authors: Rees Charlotte E , Kent Fiona , Crampton Paul E S 
Published: May 2019

ContextAlthough the literature on professional identity formation in medical education is increasing, it is scant by comparison on student and clinician identities within interprofessional contexts. We therefore adopt a novel discursive approach to identities to explore how soon‐to‐become graduates and workplace‐based clinicians construct their own and others’ identities in interprofessional student–clinician (IPSC) interaction narratives.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative narrative interview study with 38 students and 23 clinicians representing the fields of medicine, midwifery, nursing, occupational therapy, paramedicine and physiotherapy. Through framework analysis, we identified the breadth of student and clinician identity constructions across 208 IPSC interaction narratives, and explored how common constructions differed by narrative and narrator. Through in‐depth positioning analysis, we explored how student and clinician identities are discursively positioned within two selected IPSC interaction narratives.ResultsWe identified 11 common constructions of student identities and eight common constructions of clinician identities across all 208 narratives. We found differences in identity constructions across positively versus negatively evaluated narratives, and student versus clinician narrators, highlighting the rhetorical nature of narratives. Our in‐depth positioning analysis of two narratives illustrates how one student and one clinician discursively positioned theirs and others’ identities during interprofessional interactions, and how identities vary depending on narrators’ evaluations of their stories. Although both positioning analyses illustrate how the narrators’ language serves to reproduce the common societal discourse of interprofessional conflict, the clinician narrative also draws on the competing discourse of interprofessional collaboration.ConclusionsAlthough some of the identities support previous uniprofessional research, our findings illustrate greater breadth and depth in terms of student and clinician identities within interprofessional contexts. We encourage educators to embed identities curricula into existing workplace learning for students and clinicians to help them make sense of their developing professional and interprofessional identities. Workplace educators should facilitate meaningful IPSC interactions to promote interprofessional learning and collaboration.
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae XopQ protein suppresses rice immune responses through interaction with two 14‐3‐3 proteins but its phospho‐null mutant induces rice immune responses and interacts with another 14‐3‐3 protein
Authors: Deb Sohini , Gupta Mahesh K. , Patel Hitendra K. , Sonti Ramesh V. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMany bacterial phytopathogens employ effectors secreted through the type‐III secretion system to suppress plant innate immune responses. The Xanthomonas type‐III secreted non‐TAL effector protein Xanthomonas outer protein Q (XopQ) exhibits homology to nucleoside hydrolases. Previous work indicated that mutations which affect the biochemical activity of XopQ fail to affect its ability to suppress rice innate immune responses, suggesting that the effector might be acting through some other pathway or mechanism. In this study, we show that XopQ interacts in yeast and in planta with two rice 14‐3‐3 proteins, Gf14f and Gf14g. A serine to alanine mutation (S65A) of a 14‐3‐3 interaction motif in XopQ abolishes the ability of XopQ to interact with the two 14‐3‐3 proteins and to suppress innate immunity. Surprisingly, the S65A mutant gains the ability to interact with a third 14‐3‐3 protein that is a negative regulator of innate immunity. The XopQS65A mutant is an inducer of rice immune responses and this property is dominant over the wild‐type function of XopQ. Taken together, these results suggest that XopQ targets the rice 14‐3‐3 mediated immune response pathway and that its differential phosphorylation might enable interaction with alternative 14‐3‐3 proteins.
Flp, a Fis‐like protein, contributes to the regulation of type III secretion and virulence processes in the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Leng Ming , Lu Zhuo‐Jian , Qin Zuo‐Shu , Qi Yan‐Hua , Lu Guang‐Tao , Tang Ji‐Liang 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe ability of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) to cause disease is dependent on its ability to adapt quickly to the host environment during infection. Like most bacterial pathogens, Xcc has evolved complex regulatory networks that ensure expression and regulation of their virulence genes. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a Fis‐like protein (named Flp), which plays an important role in virulence and type III secretion system (T3SS) gene expression in Xcc. Deletion of flp caused reduced virulence and hypersensitive response (HR) induction of Xcc and alterations in stress tolerance. Global transcriptome analyses revealed the Flp had a broad regulatory role and that most T3SS HR and pathogenicity (hrp) genes were down‐regulated in the flp mutant. β‐glucuronidase activity assays implied that Flp regulates the expression of hrp genes via controlling the expression of hrpX. More assays confirmed that Flp binds to the promoter of hrpX and affected the transcription of hrpX directly. Interestingly, the constitutive expression of hrpX in the flp mutant restored the HR phenotype but not full virulence. Taken together, the findings describe the unrecognized regulatory role of Flp protein that controls hrp gene expression and pathogenesis in Xcc.
Motivation and Intervention in the Northern Ireland Peace Process: An Interview with President Bill Clinton
Authors: Spencer Graham 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe role of former U.S. President William Jefferson Clinton in the Northern Ireland peace process has been acknowledged as an example of political risk‐taking and leadership driven by political interests and strategic post–Cold War aims. The tendency to examine Clinton's role from the perspective of international and global policy objectives, however, has obscured consideration of his motivational role in the Northern Ireland peace process and of how he moved between encouragement and intervention to help the political parties reach a settlement. This article, which is drawn from an extended interview conducted with Clinton in 2017, seeks to paint a more comprehensive picture of Clinton's participation in the peace process, showing how his combination of motivational and interventional skills enabled him to help convince others of the need to take risks for peace and gave him greater influence and leverage over the peace process as a result.
High‐resolution anal manometry: Repeatability, validation, and comparison with conventional manometry
Authors: Gosling Jonathan , Plumb Andrew , Taylor Stuart A. , Cohen Richard , Emmanuel Anton V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccurate measurement of anal sphincter function is potentially of value in defining treatment of common pelvic floor disorders. The aim of this study was to establish repeatability and validate high‐resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) by comparison to conventional manometry (CM). Arising from this work would be definitive normal range data.MethodsEighty healthy volunteers (40 female) underwent a test‐retest repeatability study. A 16‐channel water‐perfused HRAM catheter was compared to an 8‐channel conventional catheter using a station pull‐through technique.Key ResultsHigh‐resolution anorectal manometry had similar precision to conventional manometry when measuring resting pressure (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 0.73 vs 0.68, HRAM vs CM) and squeeze increment (ICC 0.90 vs 0.94, HRAM vs CM). HRAM measured resting pressures 10% lower than CM and squeeze pressure 27% higher than CM.Conclusions and InferencesHigh‐resolution anorectal manometry is a valid technique with comparable precision to CM. HRAM measurements differ considerably to CM, and a new set of normal values must be used.
Loss‐of‐function mutations in the melanocortin‐3 receptor gene confer risk for human obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ehtesham Sahar , Qasim Anila , Meyre David 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe association between rare coding loss‐of‐function (LOF) mutations in the melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R) gene and human obesity is controversial. To fill this gap of knowledge, we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of genetic association studies in all ages and ethnicities. Two reviewers independently performed risk of bias assessment and extracted data. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, BIOSIS Preview, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and reference lists of relevant studies. All case‐control, cross‐sectional, prospective, and retrospective studies that evaluated prevalence of rare (less than 1% frequency) coding partial/complete LOF mutations in MC3R among individuals with obesity and normal weight were included. Our systematic search identified 1925 references relevant to the present review. Six studies were deemed eligible. Meta‐analysis of 2969 individuals with obesity and 2572 with normal weight showed a positive association between rare heterozygous coding partial/complete LOF mutations in MC3R and obesity in children and adults of European, North African, and Asian ancestries (odds ratio = 3.07; 95% CI, 1.48‐7.00; P = 4.2 × 10−3). Our data demonstrates that rare partial/complete LOF mutations in the coding region of MC3R confer three‐time increased risk of obesity in humans, and implies that rare genetic variants with intermediate effects contribute to the missing heritability of obesity.
Identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) in cowpea
Authors: Miesho Belay , Hailay Mehari , Msiska Ulemu , Bruno Awio , Malinga Geoffrey M. , Obia Ongom Patrick , Edema Richard , Gibson Paul , Rubaihayo Patrick , Kyamanywa Samuel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCowpea is an important legume crop widely grown in sub‐Saharan Africa for food and feed. However, it is largely challenged by bruchid, a serious storage pest resulting in losses in quantity and quality of grains. Therefore, this research was designed to contribute to the breeding of cowpea resistance to bruchid through the identification of candidate genes associated with resistance to bruchid. A total of 217 mini‐core cowpea accessions were genotyped and phenotyped for their reactions to bruchid. To determine the genomic regions linked with bruchid resistance, 41,948 polymorphic SNP markers were used. Genome‐wide association study identified 11 SNPs linked to the average number of eggs, holes, insect emergence and development period and Dobie susceptibility index. Gene search via Phytozome identified six candidate genes (Vigun08g132300, Vigun08g158000, Vigun06g053700, Vigun02g131000, Vigun01g234900 and Vigun01g201900) associated with the resistance traits. These candidate genes could be incorporated into the farmers preferred but susceptible cowpea varieties to bruchid. The SNP markers associated with the resistance traits can be used in marker‐assisted breeding for accurate and rapid screening of cowpea resistant genotypes to bruchid.
Effect of oestrous resynchronization on the reproductive efficiency of zebu cows
Authors: Faleiro Nilson Shonholzer , Neves Kedson Alessandri Lobo , Pereira Luciano Leite , Silva Cleidson Manoel Gomes da , Vale William Gomes , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a resynchronization strategy before the return of oestrus in cows diagnosed as not pregnant after fixed‐time artificial insemination (TAI). A total of 839 cows, approximately 45 days post‐partum, were synchronized using TAI. On day 0, intravaginal progesterone‐releasing devices were inserted and 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate was administered. Eight days later (D8), the progesterone‐releasing devices were removed and oestradiol cypionate (0.5 mg, eCG [300 IU]) and prostaglandin (7.5 mg) were administered. All cows were inseminated between 48 and 56 hr after device removal (D10). Thirty days after TAI, cows that were not diagnosed as pregnant by ultrasound were immediately resynchronized and again inseminated at a fixed time. The hormonal protocol used in the first and second rounds of TAI was the same. The pregnancy rate after the first TAI was 52%, and after the second TAI, it was 49%. The increase in the total pregnancy rate (synchronization + second oestrous synchronization) compared to a single synchronization was 23.5%. In conclusion, resynchronization of oestrus and ovulation in zebu cows that had previously undergone TAI protocols is effective in increasing the reproductive efficiency.
An Embedded Experiment for Targeted Non-Response Follow-Up in Establishment Surveys
Authors: Kaputa Stephen J. , Thompson Katherine Jenny , Beck Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2019

Summary
The US Census Bureau is investigating adaptive non-response follow-up strategies for single-unit businesses in the 2017 Economic Census. The paper describes an embedded split-panel field experiment in the 2015 Annual Survey of Manufactures that tests two adaptive non-response follow-up designs. With the first design, non-responding establishments in the experimental group received a reminder letter either by certified mail (expensive) or standard mail (inexpensive) based on an optimal allocation that assigns a higher proportion of the certified letters to domains that initially have low unit response rates. This targeted allocation procedure ensures that all units receive some form of non-response follow-up but saves cost over the current procedure that sends a certified letter to all non-responding units. The second studied adaptive design restricts the non-response follow-up for the probability subsample of non-respondents selected for the targeted allocation. We compare the quality effects of the two studied adaptive non-response follow-up designs, examining effects on response, respondent sample balance and collected data quality.
How well aligned are common core textbooks to students’ development in area measurement?
Authors: Hong Dae S. , Choi Kyong Mi , Runnalls Cristina , Hwang Jihyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmong dozens of factors that influence mathematics teaching in the elementary classroom, textbooks endure as a significant contributor to the conversation. While teachers have many considerations while lesson planning, the textbook often forms an important launch point in determining what to include in lessons and how to do so. It follows that discrepancies between textbooks and research‐recommended pathways for learning may lead to concerns or issues with pacing in the classroom. To explore this idea further, this study examined the alignment between three popular Common Core–aligned textbooks series and learning trajectories with respect to the topic of area measurement. Our findings indicated key differences in the ways textbooks presented area lessons and research‐recommended ways of learning area topics, including a lack of appropriate area topic coverage in early grades and a mismatch of timing of concepts in later grades. The results indicated that the standards‐based textbooks examined may lack attention to important topics in the pacing of area instruction, and suggest the need to inform both preservice and inservice teachers about the gap between textbook lessons and area learning trajectories so that development steps in area learning trajectory can be included in lesson plans.
Tweeting Blame in a Federalist System: Attributions for Disaster Response in Social Media Following Hurricane Sandy
Authors: Canales Kristine L. , Pope JoEllen V. , Maestas Cherie D. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveAttribution of responsibility for government performance in a federalist system is challenging but necessary for democratic accountability. We identify competing hypotheses for how attributions for government performance might arise in social media and test our expectations using data drawn from Twitter following Hurricane Sandy.MethodWe use a novel linguistic approach to measure blame attributions in text and compare patterns of blame attributions toward multiple levels of government over time.ResultsSocial media blame attributions emerge at the outset of the storm and are more likely to center on federal actors, followed by local actors. State actors received the least blame. We find similar patterns in retweets.ConclusionOur results suggest that social media privileges attributions that target broadly salient national political actors; however, social media accounts of disaster may make it easier for the public to assess performance of local and state government.