bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-Articular Distal Ulnar Sliding Osteotomy for Ulnar Shortening
Authors: Honigmann Philipp , Steiger Regula 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Ulnocarpal impaction is the most common reason to perform ulnar shortening osteotomy. There are 3 osteotomy techniques for ulnar shortening: transverse, step-cut, and oblique cut
1–3
.
First described by Milch
4
in 1941, extra-articular diaphyseal oblique or transverse shortening is the most frequently performed type of shortening. However, it is associated with a nonunion rate of up to 10%, and irritation by implants requiring removal occurs in up to 28% of cases
5,6
. Intra-articular procedures such as the wafer procedure affect the distal ulnar joint surface, which can lead to stiffness of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) due to scar tissue formation and adhesion of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)
7
. Lapner et al.
8
described increased pressure in the DRUJ after the wafer procedure, which may lead to an early onset of osteoarthritis. Complication rates between 8% for open wafer procedures and 21% for arthroscopic wafer procedures have been described
9
.
Intra-articular shortening has also been described by Slade and Gillon
10
in 2007 and Hammert et al.
11
in 2012 and was tested in cadavers by Greenberg et al.
12
in 2013. This closing wedge technique preserves the distal joint surface of the ulna and also allows for easy correction of the inclination of the hub joint surface of the ulna.
In contrast to the technique of Slade, our described osteotomy is steeper and longer proximally, which allows for fixation with >2 screws
13–16
. Rapid healing of the metaphyseal bone compared with diaphyseal bone is described, and implant removal is necessary less often
14,17,18
.
With the described procedure, the interosseous membrane remains untouched, especially the distal oblique bundle, which additionally provides stability of the DRUJ in 40% of patients
19
.

Description:
A dorso-ulnar approach through the fifth extensor sheath is performed. The ulnocarpal joint and the DRUJ are accessed through an arthrotomy distal and proximal to the TFCC. The foveal attachment of the TFCC and the subsheath of the sixth extensor sheath are visualized. The osteotomy is intra-articular oblique from distal ulnar to proximal radial. Sliding the head of the ulna proximally achieves the desired shortening of up to 5 mm, and the head is fixed using 2, 3, or 4 cannulated headless screws. A slight correction of the axis of the ulnar head is also possible.

Alternatives:
An alternative to this procedure is extra-articular osteotomy using a palmar or dorsal ulnar approach. If necessary, additional ulnocarpal procedures can be performed in an open or arthroscopically assisted manner.

Rationale:
The shortening takes place only in the articular part of the distal aspect of the ulna. This procedure can easily be combined with TFCC repair, synovectomy of the DRUJ, or repair or reconstruction of the lunotriquetral ligament if needed. Shortening of up to 5 mm is possible.
Three Myths About the Oil and Gas Industry’s Future and How To Counter Them
Authors: Epstein Alex 
Published: February 2019

Special Section: The Value and Future of Petroleum Engineering
What are the most important trends in energy? If you follow mainstream press accounts, there are at least three:
The oil and gas industry will soon face radical restrictions as countries respond to climate change.
The rapidly growing electrical vehicle market will make oil obsolete.
The world is quickly moving toward 100% renewable energy.
All of these supposed trends are part of an overarching narrative that says we are in the midst of an energy transition: the world is moving quickly and inevitably away from “dirty” fossil fuels to “green” solar, wind, and batteries.
Regardless of whether the “transition to renewables” narrative is true, the wholesale belief in that narrative poses a threat to oil and gas companies. A recent survey of top fund managers, including BlackRock and HSBC, found that 90% believe international oil and gas companies will be negatively revalued in a few years because of climate and energy transition risks—and many think this negative revaluation has already started.
What’s more, the belief that the industry’s days are numbered will make it increasingly difficult to find and retain top talent—a crucial priority at a time when the industry is already facing the challenge of coping with the “great crew change” brought on by Baby Boomer retirements.
One major way the industry has responded to this is to talk about the benefits of its work: about how oil and gas power our homes, cars, data centers, and hospitals, and about how the industry creates millions of jobs and billions in tax revenue.
All of that is true. But, by itself, it does not counter two core premises:
That oil and gas are easily replaceable by solar, wind, and electric vehicles, which means these benefits are not unique to oil and gas but apply to all sources of energy.
That oil and gas have catastrophic costs—on our health, our environment, and our climate—which means that even significant economic costs of transitioning to alternatives could be worth it.
When I give training workshops to the oil and gas industry on persuasive communication, one of the key concepts I teach is what I call superiorizing. You can’t just talk about the benefits of your product: you have to explain how your product has a superior cost/benefit combination to the alternatives.
Imagine that you sold smartphones and your pitch was, “Our phone is amazing. It makes calls, it holds your music, you can surf the internet.” Well, so does every other phone on the market. Customers won’t buy your phone unless they believe it is superior to the alternatives. That is why Apple doesn’t just talk about the iPhone’s features, but about how they compare to a Samsung or a Google Pixel.
A Review of Field Oil-Production Response of Injection-Well Gel Treatments
Authors: Aldhaheri Munqith , Wei Mingzhen , Zhang Na , Bai Baojun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAs life-span extenders, bulk gels have been widely applied to rejuvenate oil production from uneconomic producers in mature oil fields by improving the sweep efficiency of improved-oil-recovery (IOR)/enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) floods. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the responses of injection-well gel treatments implemented between 1985 and 2014. The survey includes 61 field projects compiled from SPE papers and US Department of Energy reports. Seven parameters related to the oil-production response were evaluated according to the reservoir lithology, formation type, and recovery process, using univariate analysis and stacked histograms. The interquartile-range (IQR) method was used to detect the underperforming and overperforming gel projects. Scatterplots were used to identify the effects of the injected-gel volume and the treatment timing on the treatment response. Pretreatment water cut, recovery factor, and flood life were used as indicators for the treatment timing.Results indicated that gel treatments have very wide ranges of response for injection and production wells and for oil and water rates and profiles. When successfully applied, they, on average, respond after 3.5 months, increase the oil-production rate by 32%, and additionally recover 116,000 STBO per treatment, 15 STBO per gel barrel, or 10 STBO per polymer pound. We identified that gel treatments perform more efficiently in carbonate (CB) than in sandstone (SS) reservoirs and in naturally fractured (NF) formations than in other formation types. In addition, the incremental oil production considerably increases with the channeling strength and the injected-gel volume for all formation types, not just for the matrix-rock (MR) reservoirs. Moreover, gel treatments applied in NF formations have lower productivities in SS than in CB reservoirs using normalized performance parameters.Declining trends were identified for all parameters of the oil-production response with the treatment-timing indicators. The sooner the gel treatment is applied, the faster the response, and the larger the incremental oil production and its rate. It is recommended to allow longer evaluation times for gel treatments applied in MR formations because their response times might extend to several months. Gel treatments will perform more efficiently if they are conducted at water cuts of less than 70%, flood lives of fewer than 20 years, or recovery factors of less than 35%. For different application environments, the present review provides reservoir engineers with updated ideas regarding the low, typical, and high performances of gel treatments when successfully applied, as well as how other treatment aspects affect performance.
Rock Fracture Sorptivity as Related to Aperture Width and Surface Roughness
Authors: Brabazon J.W. , Perfect E. , Gates C.H. , Bilheux H.Z. , Tyner J.S. , McKay L.D. , Horodecky B.B. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Spontaneous imbibition was measured in rock fractures using neutron radiography.
Early‐time uptake of water displacing air showed a square root of time dependency.
Fracture sorptivity was quantified from the slope of the early‐time uptake data.
Fracture sorptivity increased with increasing fracture aperture width.
Fracture sorptivity decreased with increasing fracture surface roughness.
Fractures in low‐porosity rocks can provide conduits for fluid flow. Numerous researchers have investigated fluid flow through fractures under saturated conditions. However, relatively little information exists on spontaneous imbibition in fractures, whereby a wetting fluid displaces a non‐wetting fluid by capillarity. We investigated spontaneous imbibition of water displacing air in a suite of fractured low‐porosity sedimentary and igneous rock cores (5.08‐cm length by 2.54‐cm diameter). Mode I fractures were induced in the cores by compression between opposing parallel flat plates. The following physical properties were measured: bulk density, ρb; solid‐phase density, ρs; porosity, ϕ; contact angle, θe; fracture aperture width, xgeo; and fracture surface roughness, Wr. The wetting front in each fracture was imaged using dynamic neutron radiography. Early‐time uptake exhibited a square root of time dependency, and was quantified by linear regression, with the slope equal to the fracture sorptivity, Sf. Estimates of Sf ranged from 10.1 to 40.5 mm s−0.5, with a median value of 25.0 mm s−0.5. There was a statistically significant effect of rock type on Sf, with igneous rocks generally having lower mean values than sedimentary rocks. Differences in ρb, ρs, ϕ, and θe between the rock types did not contribute significantly to the variation in Sf. However, xgeo and Wr were significantly correlated with Sf. These correlations indicated that Sf increases with increasing xgeo, as predicted by early‐time capillary theory, and decreases with increasing Wr, analogous to the decrease in fracture permeability with increasing surface roughness observed under saturated flow conditions.
Uma Revisão Crítica da Pesquisa Qualitativa em Gestão Territorial: panorama da produção brasileira em administração (2006 -2015)
Authors: Cordeiro Neto José Raimundo , Santana Lizandra Kelly de Araújo , Guedes Nathália Arraes , Leão André Luiz Maranhão de Souza 
Published: February 2019

O presente trabalho trata da produção científica brasileira da área de Administração e que utiliza abordagens qualitativas de investigação, no campo aqui denominado por gestão territorial. Apresenta-se uma pesquisa documental, simultaneamente bibliométrica e de revisão crítica, que analisou a mencionada produção, a partir dos seguintes critérios: orientação paradigmática; lugar ocupado pela teoria no design de investigação; tradição de pesquisa utilizada; tipos de dados presentes; formas de análises desenvolvidas; e critérios de qualidade adotados. A análise foi delimitada ao último decênio de publicações (2006-2015), sob a forma de artigos em periódicos nacionais, nos estratos de maior avaliação do Sistema Qualis/Capes, na área de Administração. Os achados indicam a predominância de perspectivas metodológicas construtivistas e que empregam recursos teóricos na condição de lente de auxílio à análise, sem enquadrar esta última em modelos teoricamente pré-concebidos. Há elevada concentração das estratégias de pesquisa nos estudos de caso e prevalência da análise de conteúdo no tratamento dos dados, os quais, predominantemente, originam-se de documentos e entrevistas. É reduzida, nesse campo, a incorporação de critérios de qualidade em pesquisa qualitativa, sendo que em muitos trabalhos não se identifica o uso explícito de quaisquer deles e que em quase 40% não se esclarece sobre caminho analítico tomado quanto ao material analisado. Ao final, este artigo discute possíveis implicações desses aspectos sobre o processo de produção de conhecimento em gestão territorial – considerando, especialmente, a configuração do campo em termos da natureza dos fenômenos investigados - e lança algumas considerações referentes ao aprimoramento e ampliação da pesquisa desenvolvida.
Agricultura e Ação estatal: a base para reconstrução de Ruanda
Authors: Dos Santos Marco Aurélio Oliveira , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques 
Published: February 2019

As guerras não tiram apenas vidas, trazem incertezas institucionais, desestabilização política, social e, sobretudo, problemas econômicos que limitam a capacidade de reconstrução. O desafio é criar boas condições para que os ativos produtivos sejam usados ao máximo. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar as barreiras que podem limitar o potencial de indução ao crescimento e diferenciação do café ruandês no mercado de cafés diferenciados. Baseou-se em uma análise documental para identificar o processo de transformação da cadeia do café ruandês na tentativa de se posicionar no mercado como produtor de cafés diferenciados e como este processo contribui para agregar valor e alcançar rendas sustentáveis colaborando com a reconstrução no pós-guerra. Observou-se que a ação do Estado criou um ambiente favorável a indução ao crescimento, especialização, divisão do trabalho e acumulo de conhecimento e criação de novas oportunidades mercado cafeeiro. Conclui-se que essa solução não é definitiva para regiões com alta dependência de uma commodity, mas um primeiro passo ao progresso econômico e social por meio do uso eficiente dos ativos.
Da Crise à Oportunidade: uma análise da orientação empreendedora de brasileiros nos EUA
Authors: Penz Daniel , Amorim Bianca Costa , Beuren Elisabete Penz , Nascimento Sabrina Do , Rossetto Carlos Ricardo 
Published: February 2019

Vislumbrando a possibilidade de um novo negócio o empreendedor se depara com as dificuldades do ambiente e com a deterioração das condições econômicas do Brasil, tais aspectos têm estimulado as pessoas a imigrarem, levando consigo o sonho de empreender. Este artigo teve como objetivo geral identificar o grau de Orientação Empreendedora (OE) existente nos brasileiros que optaram por investir seus esforços e iniciaram novos empreendimentos nos EUA. Para alcançar este objetivo, fez-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, com o uso de modelagem de equações estruturais, utilizando o software SmartPLS, a partir de dados primários. A população desta pesquisa é composta por 3.657 empresários brasileiros estabelecidos nos Estados Unidos que estão cadastrados na Associação Brasileira de Empreendedores nos Estados Unidos, a amostra compreende 107 empreendedores. Para gerar os resultados, inicialmente estimou-se o modelo no PLS com todas as questões originais de cada construto, na sequencia, avaliou-se quais possuíram um bom ajuste, na sequencia se avaliou a validade discriminante e a confiabilidade, vencidas estas etapas pode-se verificar os coeficientes estruturais e R2 para então chegar no modelo final. Identificou-se a partir dos dados da pesquisa que a amostra estudada possui as características propostas por Miller (1983) nas seguintes proporções: 56% para inovação, 78% para pró-atividade e 73% para tomada de risco. Esses valores caracterizam os brasileiros que imigraram para os EUA com um comportamento altamente pró-ativo, se comprometem fortemente com a tomada de risco e apostam medianamente nas inovações.
Can Rust Spread Through Temporary Contact?
Authors: Micallef Charles 
Published: February 2019

Background:Despite the process of rusting being well known, it was uncertain whether rust was contagious or not through temporary contact that is, involving no permanent bonding.Objective:The study investigated whether rust could be transmitted through temporary contact using controls.Methods:Eight rusted steel wool rolls, each less than 3.50 g were staggeringly arranged in groups of four onto two non-rusted steel plates, each measuring 400 x 200 mm, with control cells in between. After 10 days, rust stains formed on the plates and the rolls were removed. The conspicuous stains were monitored every month by means of manual tracing. After six monthly observations, the first month tracings were superimposed onto each respective plate.Results:Although intrinsic rust had formed on the control and experimental cells, the original stains remained constant in shape and size.Conclusion:Rust is probably not transmitted to other metals by simple contact
Importancia epistemológica y metodológica de “lo nacional” para el tratamiento actual de las relaciones internacionales
Authors: Dávila Aldás Francisco R. 
Published: February 2019

<p>En este artículo, el autor destaca la importancia teórica y metodológica de “lo nacional” en el tratamiento actual de las relaciones internacionales. Frente a la insistencia, por parte de los ideólogos de la globalización, de la tendencia a la desaparición de las naciones, vale la pena destacar, al contrario, el fuerte resurgimiento de las mismas, tanto como formas de preservar la identidad de sus pueblos como modos peculiares de fortalecerse internamente para proporcionar a los grupos sociales que las integran el más amplio rango de posibilidades para hacer efectivos sus intereses particulares y generales. Todo ello dentro de un concierto internacional cada vez más flexible y ágil, más abierto a las dimensiones planetarias de los problemas, pero también consciente y respetuoso de las múltiples alternativas de solución nacional a los mismos, en un marco de pluralidad y democracia.</p>
Uji Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Daun Tawa Ndokulo (Kleinnhovia hospita Linn) Terhadap Bakteri Enteropatogenik
Authors: Yunus Reni , Malik Nurhayu 
Published: February 2019

<p class="Normal1"><em>Biodiversity in Indonesia stored potential nutritious plants that can be used for the treatment and its potential further development. One plant in southeast Sulawesi, which is an endemic plant is tawa ndokulo (Kleinnhovia</em><em> </em><em>hospita</em><em> </em><em>L) has been studied. This plant containing chemical compound saponin,cardenolin, bufadienol and anthraquinone. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of tawa ndakulo leaf extract (Kleinnhovia hospita L) against enteropathogenic bacteria. This was an experimental laboratory, to design a one-shot case study is a design study with the treatment of the variables followed by observation or measurement of the independent variables.</em><em> </em><em>Test bioactivity tawa ndokulo leaf extract showed levels Minimal inhibitory tawa ndokulo leaf extracts against E.coli is at a concentration of 35%. While the minimal inhibitory concentration tawa ndokulo leaf extract against Salmonella thypu bacteria are at a concentration of 55%. </em><em>Based on Test bioactivity, t</em><em>awa ndokulo leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity against E. coli and Salmonella thypi. </em></p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p>Biodiversitas di Indonesia tersimpan potensi tumbuhan berkhasiat yang dapat dimanfaatkan potensinya untuk pengobatan dan pengembangan lebih lanjut. Salah satu tanaman di Sulawesi tenggara yang merupakan tanaman endemik adalah tawa ndokulo ( Kleinnhovia hospita L). Tanaman ini telah diteliti mengandung senyawa kimia saponin, cardenolinn, bufadienol dan antrakinon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun tawa ndakulo (Kleinnhovia hospita L) terhadap bakteri enteropatogenik.Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratory, dengan desain one-shot case study yaitu suatu desain penelitian dengan perlakukan terhadap variabel yang diikuti dengan pengamatan atau pengukuran terhadap variabel independen. Uji bioaktivitas ekstrak daun tawa ndokulo menunjukkan Kadar Hambat Minimal ekstrak daun tawa ndokulo terhadap bakteri E.coli adalah pada konsentrasi 35 %. Sedangkan kadar hambat minimal ekstrak daun tawa ndokulo terhadap bakteri Salmonella thypi adalah pada konsentrasi 55 %. Berdasarkan uji bioaktivitas ini, diketahui bahwa bahwa ekstrak daun tawa ndokulo efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri E.coli maupun bakteri Salmonella thypi.</p>
Korelasi Lama Menjalani Hemodialisa Dengan Pruritus Pada Pasien Hemodialisa
Authors: Wahyuni Aria , Lawati Uzia Zaida , Gusti Eka 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>Dialysis is a process that aims to remove fluid and waste products from the body when kidney function is unable to carry out the process. One complication that is often experienced by patients is pruritus. This study aims to determine the long-standing relationship of undergoing hemodialysis with pruritus in patients with chronic renal failure. The design of the study was descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population of this study was all patients who underwent hemodialysis amounted to 83 people and all populations taken as samples with the technique used was total sampling. Data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using correlation test. The results showed that the average length of patients undergoing hemodialysis was 20.58 months with minimum and maximum values of 1 month and 98 months. The average score of patients who experience pruritus is 9.40 with a minimum and maximum value of 0 and 19. Relationship analysis showed a long association with hemodialysis with pruritus (p Value 0.023, r = 1). It is expected that nurses can modify the provision of nursing care by providing understanding to patients the importance of maintaining skin to prevent further pruritus by applying prutitus management in the hemodialysis room.</em></p><p> </p><p>Dialisis merupakan proses yang bertujuan untuk mengeluarkan cairan dan produk limbah dari dalam tubuh ketika fungsi ginjal tidak mampu melaksanakan proses tersebut. Salah satu komplikasi yang sering dialami pasien adalah pruritus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan lama menjalani hemodialisa dengan pruritus pada pasien gagal ginjal kronik. Desain penelitiannya adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua pasien yang menjalani hemodialisa berjumlah 83 orang dan semua populasi diambil sebagai sampel dengan teknik yang digunakan adalah adalah total sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata lama pasien yang menjalani hemodialysis adalah 20,58 bulan dengan nilai minimum dan maksimum adalah 1 bulan dan 98 bulan. Rata-rata skor pasien yang mengalami pruritus adalah 9.40 dengan dengan nilai minimum dan maksimum adalah 0 dan 19. Analisis hubungan menunjukkan adanya hubungan lama menjalani hemodialisa dengan pruritus (p Value 0.023, r = 1). Diharapkan perawat dapat memodifikasi pemberian asuhan keperawatan dengan memberikan pemahaman kepada pasien pentingnya menjaga kulit untuk mencegah pruritus lebih lanjut dengan menerapkan manajemen prutitus di ruang hemodialisa.</p>