bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic transport in a two-dimensional superlattice engineered via self-assembled nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Kim Youngseok , Gilbert Matthew J. , Mason Nadya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanoscience offers a unique opportunity to design modern materials from the bottom up via low-cost, solution processed assembly of nanoscale building blocks. These systems promise electronic band structure engineering using not only the nanoscale structural modulation, but also the mesoscale spatial patterning, although experimental realization of the latter has been challenging. Here, we design and fabricate a new type of artificial solid by stacking graphene on a self-assembled, nearly periodic array of nanospheres, and experimentally observe superlattice miniband effects. We find conductance dips at commensurate fillings of charge carriers per superlattice unit cell, which are key features of minibands that are induced by the quasi-periodic deformation of the graphene lattice. These dips become stronger when the lattice strain is larger. Using a tight-binding model, we simulate the effect of lattice deformation as a parameter affecting the inter-atomic hopping integral, and confirm the superlattice transport behavior. This 2D material-nanoparticle heterostructure enables facile band structure engineering via self-assembly, promising for large-area electronics and optoelectronics applications.
A global dataset of plant available and unavailable phosphorus in natural soils derived by Hedley method
Authors: Hou Enqing , Tan Xiang , Heenan Marijke , Wen Dazhi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) fractions are critical for understanding soil P dynamics and availability. This paper provides a global dataset of soil P fractions separated by the Hedley method. The dataset also includes key environmental factors associated with soil P dynamics and availability, including climate factors, vegetation, soil and parent material types, soil age, and soil physiochemical properties such as particle size, bulk density, pH in water, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and extractable iron and aluminium concentrations. This dataset includes measures of Hedley P fractions of 802 soil samples and was gathered through a literature survey of 99 published studies. Plant availability of each soil P fraction was noted. We anticipate that the global dataset will provide valuable information for studying soil P dynamics and availability, and it will be fused into earth system models to better predict how terrestrial ecosystems will respond to global environmental changes.
The millimeter-wave spectrum of methyl ketene and the astronomical search for it
Authors: Bermúdez C. , Tercero B. , Motiyenko R. A. , Margulès L. , Cernicharo J. , Ellinger Y. , Guillemin J.-C. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The analysis of isomeric species of a compound observed in the interstellar medium (ISM) is a useful tool to understand the chemistry of complex organic molecules. It could, likewise, assist in the detection of new species.
Aims. Our goal consists in analyzing one of the two most stable species of the C3H4O family, methyl ketene, whose actual rotational parameters are not precise enough to allow its detection in the ISM. The obtained parameters will be used to search for it in the high-mass star-forming regions Orion KL and Sagittarius B2, as well as in the cold dark clouds TMC-1 in the Taurus Molecular Cloud and Barnard 1 (B1–b).
Methods. A millimeter-wave room-temperature rotational spectrum of methyl ketene was recorded from 50 to 330 GHz. The internal rotation analysis of its ground state and first torsional excited state was performed with the rho-axis method employing the RAM36 program.
Results. More than 3000 transitions of the rotational spectrum of the ground state (Kamax = 18) and first torsional excited state (Kamax = 13) of methyl ketene were fitted using a Hamiltonian that contains 41 parameters with a root mean square of 44 kHz. Column density limits were calculated but no lines were detected in the ISM belonging to methyl ketene.
Direct Thrombin Inhibition with Rec-Hirudin CGP 39393 as Prophylaxis of Thromboembolie Complications after Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Eriksson Bengt I , Kälebo Peter , Ekman Steffan , Lindbratt Siv , Kerry Roger , Close Philippe 
Published: August 2018

SummaryHirudin is an anticoagulant originally extracted from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. Using recombinant DNA technology a new compound, recombinant desulphato hirudin CGP 39393 has now been produced. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose in patients undergoing elective hip replacement. This open safety trial represents, to our knowledge, the first experience of recombinant hirudin in orthopedic patients.In this study 48 patients undergoing primary total hip replacement were included and the safety of subcutaneous injections of 10, 15, 20 and 40 mg CGP 39393 twice daily, was evaluated. Prophylaxis was started immediately pre-operatively and continued for 8-10 days. A mandatory bilateral phlebography was performed at the end of the prophylactic treatment period and a clinical follow-up was done 6 weeks after surgery.A major bleeding event occurred in the first 3 patients receiving 40 mg CGP 39393 b.i.d. and the prophylaxis regimen at this dosage level was therefore discontinued. Median values of total blood loss and requirements of blood transfusion in the patients receiving 10-20 mg CGP 39393 were similar to those reported in previous studies on total hip replacement performed at the same centre, using other prophylactic drugs. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was confirmed by phlebography in 5 out of 12 patients in the 10 mg group (41.7%, 95% confidence limits [CL]: 15.2-72.3%), 1 out of 11 patients in the 15 mg group (9.1%, CL: 0.23-41.3%) and 2 out of 20 patients in the 20 mg group (10.0%, CL: 1.2-31.7%) during the prophylaxis period.CGP 39393 was safe and well tolerated, when administered as subcutaneous injections of 10-20 mg twice daily. The dose level of 40 mg CGP 39393 twice daily resulted in serious disturbance of the hemostasis in patients after hip prosthesis surgery.
Revisión del estado actual de la cirugía de reasignación genital en pacientes con disforia de género enfocada en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Silva José Miguel , Torres Castellanos Lynda , Bravo-Balado Alejandra , Puerto Niño Angie , Urazán Juan David , Cardozo Alarcón Andrés Camilo 
Published: August 2018

ResumenLa disforia de género o transexualismo es una condición que comprende a las personas que padecen profundo malestar o rechazo hacia el sexo biológico por cuanto se identifican con el sexo opuesto. Por lo tanto, se asocia a disfunción biopsicosocial y compromiso severo de la calidad de vida. En Colombia se han producido notables avances de índole constitucional y legislativa en las dos últimas décadas, los cuales son discutidos en la presente revisión. En el tratamiento multidisciplinario de los pacientes transexuales, el último paso corresponde a la cirugía de reasignación genital. El propósito de esta revisión es investigar el estado actual de la cirugía de reasignación genital enfocada en el contexto nacional.
Effects of Plasmin on Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Guccione M A , Kinlough-Rathbone R L , Packham M A , Harfenist E J , Rand M L , Greenberg J P , Perry D W , Mustard J F 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe effects of plasmin have been examined because platelets may be exposed to plasmin in vivo and treatment of platelets with plasmin shortens platelet survival. Rabbit plasmin was prepared by urokinase activation of plasminogen immobilized on lysine- Sepharose. Plasmin caused rabbit platelets to aggregate and release the contents of their amine storage granules, but aggregation was slower than in response to ADP or thrombin. EDTA, prostaglandin E1, or creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase were inhibitory, but indomethacin was not. Deaggregation did not occur when platelets had been aggregated by a concentration of plasmin that caused extensive release of granule contents. EDTA or prostaglandin E1 caused deaggregation. Low concentrations of ADP and plasmin acted synergistically in causing platelet aggregation. Plasmin decreased the amounts of platelet membrane glycoproteins that stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent; glycoprotein I was more susceptible than glycoproteins II and III. Concentrations of plasmin that induced the release of amine storage granule contents also released PAS- staining granule gylcoproteins.Platelets incubated with plasmin, washed and resuspended, were not aggregated by ADP, but were aggregated strongly by the combination of fibrinogen and ADP, and bound 125I-fibrinogen to a greater extent than untreated platelets. Platelets preincubated with a high concentration of plasmin were unresponsive to thrombin, but were sometimes aggregated by fibrinogen.Plasmin decreased the buoyant density and increased the median size of platelets. Thus plasmin, as well as ADP and thrombin, may contribute to the density shift observed in platelets from rabbits in which thrombosis and continuous vessel injury have been induced.
Surgery for Deformities of the Thoracic Wall: No More than Strengthening the Patient's Self-Esteem?
Authors: Petersen Claus , Fortmann Caroline 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn most cases, correction of a pectus deformity is performed for cosmetic reasons. The main indication for corrective therapy is impaired body image and self-esteem due to the deformity. In these instances, patients suffer from a lower quality of life that is not correlated with the severity of the chest wall deformity. After correction of a pectus excavatum (PE) or pectus carinatum (PC) patients experience a significant improvement in body image and self-esteem. For many, corrective surgery is life changing as it leaves patients feeling satisfied with the appearance of their chest, and this in turn increases their engagement in social activities. As this correction is mainly performed in adolescence, the treatment has a high impact on the future of patients that is often rooted in decisions made and actions taken during puberty.
Inpatient Admission versus Emergency Department Management of Intussusception in Children: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Amuddhu Sanjena , Chen Yong , Nah Shireen 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Recent literature advocates outpatient emergency department (ED) management of intussusception citing low recurrence rates and postreduction events after uncomplicated ileocolic reduction. However, few studies include both inpatient and outpatient cohorts. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare recurrence rates and length of hospital stay between the groups.
Materials and Methods Studies published in English up to January 2018 were searched from Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases, using a combination of the terms ‘intussusception,’ ‘reduction,’ and ‘management’. A meta-analysis of studies comparing outcomes after successful intussusception reduction in children between inpatients and ED patients was performed.
Results No randomized controlled trials (RCT) were found. Nine observational studies (eight retrospective and one prospective) were included, comprising 546 inpatients and 776 ED cases. There was no statistical difference in overall recurrence rate between inpatients (8.8%) and ED (10.1%) (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74–1.62; P = 0.66; I
2 = 0). Five studies reported early recurrence (<48 hours) with no difference (pooled OR = 1.27; 95% CI 0.46–3.48; P = 0.65; I
2 = 0). Five studies reported postdischarge recurrence rate with no difference (pooled OR = 1.57; 95% CI 0.71–3.48; P = 0.27; I
2 = 34%). Five studies reported recurrence requiring surgery with no difference (pooled OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.32–3.06; P = 0.99; I
2 = 0). Methods of reduction were air, barium, or other contrast enema.
Conclusion Management of intussusception in the ED after uncomplicated reduction appears acceptable. However, evidence levels are low, and RCT should be performed to adequately evaluate the safety of outpatient management of pediatric intussusception.
What Counts in Second Language Oral Communication Ability? The Perspective of Linguistic Laypersons
Authors: Sato Takanori , McNamara Tim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractApplied linguists have developed complex theories of the ability to communicate in a second language (L2). However, the perspectives on L2 communication ability of speakers who are not trained language professionals have been incorporated neither into theories of communication ability nor in the criteria for assessing performance on general-purpose oral proficiency tests. This potentially weakens the validity of such tests because the ultimate arbiters of L2 speakers’ oral performance are not trained language professionals. This study investigates the perspectives of these linguistic laypersons on L2 communication ability. Twenty-three native and non-native English-speaking linguistic laypersons judged L2 speakers’ oral performances and verbalized the reasons for their judgments. The results showed that the participants focus not only on the linguistic aspects of the speaker’s output but also on features that applied linguists have less paid attention to. Even where speaker’s linguistic errors were acknowledged, message conveyance and comprehensibility of the message contributed to their judgment. The study has implications for language testing and the development of tests reflecting the construct of English as a lingua franca.
Back to Basics: Could the Preoperative Skin Antiseptic Agent Help Prevent Biofilm-Related Capsular Contracture?
Authors: Carvajal Jenny , Carvajal Melissa , Hernández Gilma 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Capsular contracture (CC) has remained an unresolved issue throughout history. Strong evidence focuses on bacterial biofilm as its main source. A literature review revealed that more than 90% of bacteria found in capsules and implants removed from patients with Baker grade III-IV CC belong to the resident skin microbiome (Staphylococcus epidermidis, predominant microorganism). The use of an adequate preoperative skin antiseptic may be a critical step to minimize implant contamination and help prevent biofilm-related CC.

Objectives
The authors sought to compare the effect of 2 different antiseptic skin preparations: povidone-iodine (PVP-I) vs chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on CC proportions after primary breast augmentation through a periareolar approach.

Methods
In June of 2014, The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America proposed to use CHG for preoperative skin preparation in the absence of alcohol-containing antiseptic agents as strategy to prevent surgical site infection. The clinical safety committee of a surgical center in Colombia decided to change PVP-I to CHG for surgical site preparation thereafter. The medical records of 63 patients who underwent to primary breast augmentation through a periareolar approach during 2014 were reviewed. In the first 6 months PVP-I was used in 32 patients, and later CHG was employed in 31 patients.

Results
Pearson’s chi-squared test to compare CC proportions between subgroups showed a statistically significant difference. The CC proportion was higher for patients who had antisepsis with PVP-I. CC was absent when CHG was employed.

Conclusions
CHG as preoperative skin antiseptic for primary breast augmentation surgery was more effective than PVP-I to help prevent biofilm-related CC.

Level of Evidence: 3
Generalized integrative principal component analysis for multi-type data with block-wise missing structure
Authors: Zhu Huichen , Li Gen , Lock Eric F 
Published: August 2018

SummaryHigh-dimensional multi-source data are encountered in many fields. Despite recent developments on the integrative dimension reduction of such data, most existing methods cannot easily accommodate data of multiple types (e.g. binary or count-valued). Moreover, multi-source data often have block-wise missing structure, i.e. data in one or more sources may be completely unobserved for a sample. The heterogeneous data types and presence of block-wise missing data pose significant challenges to the integration of multi-source data and further statistical analyses. In this article, we develop a low-rank method, called generalized integrative principal component analysis (GIPCA), for the simultaneous dimension reduction and imputation of multi-source block-wise missing data, where different sources may have different data types. We also devise an adapted Bayesian information criterion (BIC) criterion for rank estimation. Comprehensive simulation studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method in terms of rank estimation, signal recovery, and missing data imputation. We apply GIPCA to a mortality study. We achieve accurate block-wise missing data imputation and identify intriguing latent mortality rate patterns with sociological relevance.
Incorporation of myocardial progenitors at the arterial pole of the heart
Authors: Rammah Mayyasa , Rochais Francesca , Kelly Robert G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The arterial pole of the heart is a hotspot for life-threatening forms of congenital heart defects (CHDs). It is formed by progressive addition of myocardium from epithelial progenitor cells in the second heart field (SHF). SHF cells contribute successively to the right ventricle and proximal and distal outflow tract myocardial walls which, after neural crest influx and cardiac septation, give rise to myocardium at the base of the aorta and pulmonary trunk. SHF cells are characterized by continued proliferation and differentiation delay controlled by an array of transcriptional regulators and signalling pathways which define the SHF progenitor cell niche in pharyngeal mesoderm. Failure of normal SHF deployment leads to a shortened outflow tract and failure of ventriculo-arterial alignment, resulting in a spectrum of conotruncal CHD. We discuss the origins of the SHF in cardiopharyngeal mesoderm and focus on the mechanisms driving SHF deployment, summarizing current understanding of critical signalling pathways and transcription factors.
Origin and development of the cardiac conduction system
Authors: Miquerol Lucile 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The cardiac conduction system represents the ‘wiring’ of the heart and orchestrates the propagation of the electrical activity to synchronize heartbeats. It is built from specialized cardiomyocytes expressing a subset of ion channels and gap junctions indispensable for their electrophysiological properties. Although representing only a very small volume of the heart, the conduction system plays a crucial role in the appearance of cardiac arrhythmias. The cells forming the conduction system are derived from the same cardiac progenitors as the working cardiomyocytes, and the choice between these two fates is acquired during embryonic development. The components of the conduction system are progressively established during cardiac morphogenesis and converge to form an integrated electrical system in the definitive heart. This chapter will discuss recent advances using mouse genetic approaches which have improved understanding of the cellular origin and the transcriptional regulatory networks involved in the development of the conduction system.
The development of coronary vascularization
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. , Silva Pires-Gomes Adriana A. , Pérez-Pomares José Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The coronary vascular system is a complex network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that supports myocardial performance, a topic previously reviewed by other authors. Disruption of coronary blood vessel form and/or function can underlie severe congenital and acquired cardiovascular conditions, from myocardial infarction to sudden death. Coronary blood vessels are an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates and form from multiple cell sources. Accordingly, the developmental complexity of coronary vessel morphogenesis is likely to reflect evolutionary constraints, as well as to explain the origins of coronary congenital anomalies (CCAs). In this chapter we summarize the current knowledge on coronary vascular development and identify the essential mechanistic cellular and molecular components of coronary morphogenesis. We will also provide plausible developmental explanations for some relevant CCAs.
Development of the outflow tract
Authors: Anderson Robert H. , Brown Nigel A. , Bamforth Simon D. , Chaudhry Bill , Henderson Deborah J. , Mohun Timothy J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The definitive cardiac outflow tracts have three components: the intra-pericardial arterial trunks, the arterial roots, and the ventricular outflow tracts. Improved correlations between normal development and cardiac malformations can be obtained by analysing the developing outflow tract in tripartite fashion with proximal, intermediate, and distal components. When first seen, the walls of the entire outflow tract express myocardial markers. With ongoing development, the distal border regresses away from the edges of the pericardial cavity. Subsequently, the distal outflow tract becomes the intra-pericardial arterial trunks, with a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac forming the aortopulmonary septum. The arterial valves form in the intermediate part of the outflow tract. The proximal part eventually becomes transformed into the ventricular outflow tracts, with muscularization of the proximal cushions producing the right ventricular infundibulum. This approach provides rational explanations for the congenital lesions involving the different parts of the outflow tracts.
Can Point-of-Care Ultrasound Predict Spinal Hypotension During Caesarean Section? A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Zieleskiewicz L. , Noel A. , Duclos G. , Haddam M. , Delmas A. , Bechis C. , Loundou A. , Blanc J. , Mignon A. , Bouvet L. , Einav S. , Bourgoin A. , Leone M. 
Published: August 2018

(Anaesthesia 2018;73:15–22)
When spinal anesthesia is administered for cesarean delivery, maternal hypotension occurs in ∼70% of women, due primarily to decreases in systemic vascular resistance and cardiac output. This hypotension can be detrimental to the fetus. Therefore, the ability to identify patients at increased risk for developing spinal-induced hypotension and then implementing preventive strategies in these women could be clinically beneficial. The main purpose of this prospective observational study was to investigate the effectiveness of certain transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) measurements to determine a patient’s intravascular volume and predict her risk of developing hypotension resulting from spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. In addition, they aimed to determine whether certain subgroups at increased risk for hypotension could be identified with this point-of-care echocardiographic examination.
The Effect of Glycopyrrolate on the Incidence of Hypotension and Vasopressor Requirement During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Patel S.D. , Habib A.S. , Phillips S. , Carvalho B. , Sultan P. 
Published: August 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126:552–558)
Spinal-induced hypotension, if not treated, can result in adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes (maternal cardiovascular collapse and fetal acidosis). Glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic with quaternary amine structure, has limited ability to cross-membranes and may thereby have potential to reduce hemodynamic changes after spinal anesthesia in obstetric patients. The authors of this meta-analysis evaluated the literature to determine if prophylactic glycopyrrolate reduces the incidence of hypotension and total vasopressor dose required during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia.