bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality disorder co‐morbidity in primary care ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapy’ services: A qualitative study exploring professionals' perspectives of working with this patient group
Authors: Lamph Gary , Baker John , Dickinson Tommy , Lovell Karina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA high prevalence of people present to ‘Improving Access to Psychological Therapies’ (IAPT) in England with common mental health disorders and co‐morbid personality disorder. This group have suboptimal treatment outcomes in IAPT. Whilst new short‐term treatment approaches are advocated, no solutions or guidance have been provided. This qualitative study explored IAPT health‐care professional (N = 28) perspectives of working with people who present to IAPT with co‐morbid personality disorder. Individual semi‐structured interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a framework analysis approach. Results identified a lack of skills and confidence in working with this patient group, restrictive service constraints and a treatment gap between the interface of primary and secondary services. Insight into acceptable adaptions to practice are identified that have transferable utility to a wider international audience who can identify people outside of specialist mental health services with common mental health disorders and co‐morbid personality disorder traits. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Should engineers have more influence on safety? A view from a member of the United States Chemical Safety Board
Authors: Engler Rick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMajor chemical incidents continue at industrial facilities in the United States. More effective arguments for a “business case” for safety are necessary, but not sufficient, to achieve prevention. Findings of the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board from its investigations at two oil refineries suggest that greater authority for engineers and safety professionals is a critical requirement to prevent future incidents. Engineers and safety professionals should have greater influence on process design, commissioning, maintenance, and capital and operating budgets. They should be part of the firm's highest level of management and Board of Directors. Engineers should also have the ability to make process hazard analysis an ongoing process and to directly communicate hazards and needed safeguards to senior corporate leaders.
System‐level reliability sensitivity analysis by using weighted average simulation method
Authors: Rashki Mohsen , Azhdary Moghaddam Mehdi , Miri Mahmoud 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn addition to reliability analysis, investigation of the uncertainties' effect on the safety of structures can be regarded as one of the great concerns in engineering fields. The present study provides an efficient perturbation‐based reliability sensitivity analysis approach based on weighted average simulation method (WASM) to attain uncertainties effects on the structures safety. Without asking additional samplings and/or requiring to function derivation (that is necessary in score function method), the proposed approach simultaneously uses the finite difference and weight flexibility feature of WASM to estimate the parameter sensitivities of a reliability problem. The proposed method has also been successfully applied to the improved version of WASM to obtain reliability based sensitivity results with very few samples. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method is examined by solving five analytical and engineering examples with highly nonlinear performance functions and system‐level reliability problems. For each example, results are compared with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation and common reliability methods. It is shown that the method is capable of solving real world system‐level engineering problems efficiently and accurately.
Amberlyst‐15‐catalyzed Procedure for the Synthesis of Novel 2,4‐Dihydroxybenzoyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles and Molecular Modelling Studies for Hsp‐90 Inhibition
Authors: Gunduz Hande , Kumbaraci Volkan , Özkılıç Yılmaz , Tüzün Nurcan Ş. , Talinli Naciye 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNovel 4‐and 5‐(2,4‐dihydroxybenzoyl) triazoles were prepared from o‐alkynoylresorcinols with by the cycloaddition reaction performed with metal free one step protocol using Bronsted acid Amberlyst‐15 as catalyst for the first time. This procedure enables the synthesis of triazoles bearing o,p‐dihydroxybenzoyl group without the need to protection of hydroxyl groups. Products were obtained in good to excellent yields and with the moderate regioisomeric ratios. In addition, Hsp90 inhibition activities of synthesized compounds were examined by molecular modelling studies and promising results were obtained.
Elucidation of Photoluminescence Blinking Mechanism and Multiexciton Dynamics in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Quantum Dots
Authors: Kim Taehee , Jung Seok Il , Ham Sujin , Chung Heejae , Kim Dongho 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHalide perovskites (ABX3) have emerged as promising materials in the past decade owing to their superior photophysical properties, rendering them potential candidates as solar cells, light‐emitting diode displays, and lasing materials. To optimize their utilization into optoelectronic devices, fundamental understanding of the optical behaviors is necessary. To reveal the comprehensive structure–property relationship, CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) of three different sizes are prepared by controlling the precipitation temperature. Photoluminescence (PL) blinking, a key process that governs the emission efficiency of the PQD materials, is investigated in detail by the time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements of individual dots. The nature of the generated species in the course of blinking events is identified, and the mechanism governing the PL blinking is studied as a function of PQD sizes. Further, the practical applicability of MAPbBr3 PQDs is assessed by studying the multiexciton dynamics under high photoexcitation intensity under which most of the display devices work. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy helped in uncovering the volume‐dependent Auger recombination rates, which are further explored by comparing the early‐time transitions related to surface trap states and higher band states.
Growth of Ultraflat PbI2 Nanoflakes by Solvent Evaporation Suppression for High‐Performance UV Photodetectors
Authors: Xiao Han , Liang Tao , Xu Mingsheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2D lead iodide (PbI2) is attracting great interest due to its great potential in the application of UV photodetectors. In this work, a facile solution‐based method is developed to synthesize ultraflat PbI2 nanoflakes for high‐performance UV photodetectors. By maintaining at proximate room temperature and adding an evaporation suppression solvent for slow‐rate crystal growth, high‐quality PbI2 nanoflakes with an ultraflat surface are obtained. The UV photodetectors based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes exhibit a high photoresponsivity of 0.51 A W−1, a high detectivity of 4.0 × 1010 Jones, a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 168.9%, and a rapid response speed including a rise time of 14.1 ms and a decay time of 31.0 ms. The balanced and excellent photodetector performance of these devices paves the road for practical UV photodetection based on 2D PbI2 nanoflakes.
A study on the relationship between metabolism of Cyanobacteria and chemical oxygen demand in Dianchi Lake, China
Authors: He Jia , Zhang Ying , Wu Xue , Yang Yan , Xu Xiaomei , Zheng Binghui , Deng Weiming , Shao Zhi , Lu Lu , Wang Li , Zhou Hongbin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent increases in concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD‐Cr) in Dianchi Lake, China, is an important factor affecting its water quality. Large volumes of cyanobacteria algae have also been recorded in this lake; its growth, distribution and metabolism are believed to directly or indirectly affect water quality. The relationship between metabolism of cyanobacteria and COD‐Cr in Dianchi Lake, and the causes of this relationship, are examined in this study. Results show that the increase of COD‐Cr concentration is closely related to the metabolism of algae, and that organic substances containing nitrogen and sugars, produced by metabolism, contribute to an increase of COD‐Cr to a certain extent. The characteristics of fluorescence spectra of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Waihai area of Dianchi Lake are similar to those of algae culture water, and their dominant substances are protein‐like substances. Algae release organic substances into water during its growth cycle and extracellular organic substances are mainly released during its normal growth and metabolism stages. Once algae cells enter the decline stage, internal organic matter is released during the dying and decomposition stages, resulting in a distinct increase of COD‐Cr. A high concentration of organic matter is present in Dianchi Lake sediments, dominated by native organic matter predominantly derived from aquatic plants and plankton. This finding indicates a potential long‐term risk of organic pollutants being released from dead algae cells into the lake.Practitioner points

There is a distinct positive correlation between COD‐Cr and Chl‐a concentration in Dianchi Lake.

Organic substances containing nitrogen and sugars produced by algae metabolism contributed to COD‐Cr.

The cells die and decompose organic matter content in the water substantially increases, resulting in a distinct increase of COD‐Cr.

Weight >20 kDa are mainly released into the water body during the decomposition of algae cells after mortality.

Organic matter content in the water substantially increases, resulting in a distinct increase of COD‐Cr.
Further evidence for the weak gravity — cosmic censorship connection
Authors: Horowitz Gary T. , Santos Jorge E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have recently shown that a class of counterexamples to (weak) cosmic censorship in anti-de Sitter spacetime is removed if the weak gravity conjecture holds. Surprisingly, the minimum value of the charge to mass ratio necessary to preserve cosmic censorship is precisely the weak gravity bound. To further explore this mysterious connection, we investigate two generalizations: adding a dilaton or an additional Maxwell field. Analogous counterexamples to cosmic censorship are found in these theories if there is no charged matter. Even though the weak gravity bound is modified, we show that in each case it is sufficient to remove these counterexamples. In most cases it is also necessary.
Gust loads on aircraft
Authors: Wu Z. , Cao Y. , Ismail M. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTAn important prerequisite for the design, assessment and certification of aircraft and their associated control systems is a quantitative specification of the environment in which the aircraft is intended to operate, for example, atmospheric gust. Gust loads on aircraft may induce detrimental influences such as increased aerodynamic and structural loads, structural deformation and decreased flight dynamic performance. This paper presents a systematic and comprehensive overview of important concepts and applications of gust loads on aircraft. This overview includes a brief research background, concepts, research techniques, influences and load alleviation measures of gust. Finally, we summarise some potential improvements in the future work. It is also recommended to learn from previous experiences to avoid aviation accidents due to flight through atmospheric gusts and turbulence.
The politics of bank structural reform: Business power and agenda setting in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany
Authors: Howarth David , James Scott 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFollowing the financial crisis, the United Kingdom introduced major structural reforms to address concern about Too-Big-To-Fail (TBTF) banks, while France and Germany adopted much weaker reforms. This is puzzling given the presence of large universal banks engaged in market making activities in all three countries, which suffered significant losses during the international financial crisis, and given the commitments to reform made by political leaders in all three countries. The paper explains this policy divergence by analysing how dynamics of agenda setting contributed to the emergence of policy windows on structural reform. We explain the United Kingdom's decision to delegate the process to an independent commission as an example of venue shifting which helped to insulate the process from industry framing, and resulted in “conflict expansion” by mobilizing a wider coalition of actors in support of bank ringfencing. By contrast, in France and Germany the agenda was tightly managed through existing institutional venues, enabling industry to resist the framing of the issue around TBTF and limiting the role of non-business groups—a process we label as “conflict contraction.” We argue that analysis of agenda setting dynamics provides new insights into the cross-national variability of business power.
Injury Patterns and Outcomes of Victims After the 2016 Jiangsu Tornado in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Injuries Treated at a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Mu Gen hua , Li Xing , Hou Shan shan , Lu Zhong qian , Deng Yi jun 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study is to characterize the injury profiles and outcomes of victims of a tornado in Jiangsu Province, China.Methods:This study retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 144 patients treated at a teaching hospital due to a tornado. Each patient’s demographic data, diagnosis, injury types, causes of injury, infection status, and outcomes were all reviewed.Results:Of the 144 patients, 64 (44.4%) were male, and 80 (55.6%) were female. The patients’ ages ranged from 2 months to 94 years; 91 (63.19%) were admitted within the first 12 h after the disaster. The most frequently injured sites were the body surfaces (24.48%), followed by the limbs and pelvis (21.79%) and chest (20.3%). Soft-tissue injuries and fractures were the most frequent injuries. Traumatic brain injuries were the main causes of death. Tornado-related injuries were primarily caused by flying/falling bricks, wood, and glass. Twenty-three (15.9%) patients suffered from infections, which consisted mainly of skin/soft tissue infections and pneumonia.Conclusions:Destructive tornadoes often cause heavy casualties with little warning. Medical aid agencies must be prepared to accommodate the massive numbers of injured patients after a catastrophe. Proper triage and prompt treatment of injured victims may decrease mortality. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;xx:xxx-xxx).
The effect of wall-normal gravity on particle-laden near-wall turbulence
Authors: Lee Junghoon , Lee Changhoon 
Published: June 2019

We performed two-way coupled direct numerical simulations of turbulent channel flow with Lagrangian tracking of small, heavy spheres at a dimensionless gravitational acceleration of 0.077 in wall units, which is based on the flow condition in the experiment by Gerashchenko et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 617, 2008, pp. 255–281). We removed deposited particles after several collisions with the lower wall and then released new particles near the upper wall to observe direct interactions between particles and coherent structures of near-wall turbulence during gravitational settling through the mean shear. The results indicate that when the Stokes number is approximately 1 on the basis of the Kolmogorov time scale of the flow ($St_{K}\approx 1$), the so-called preferential sweeping occurs in association with coherent streamwise vortices, while the effect of crossing trajectories becomes significant for $St_{K}>1$. Consequently, in either case, the settling particles deposit on the wall without strong accumulation in low-speed streaks in the viscous sublayer. When particles settle through near-wall turbulence from the upper wall, more small-scale vortical structures are generated in the outer layer as low-speed fluid is pulled farther in the direction of gravity, while the opposite is true near the lower wall.
Focusing deep-water surface gravity wave packets: wave breaking criterion in a simplified model
Authors: Pizzo Nick , Kendall Melville W. 
Published: June 2019

Geometric, kinematic and dynamic properties of focusing deep-water surface gravity wave packets are examined in a simplified model with the intent of deriving a wave breaking threshold parameter. The model is based on the spatial modified nonlinear Schrödinger equation of Dysthe (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 369 (1736), 1979, pp. 105–114). The evolution of initially narrow-banded and weakly nonlinear chirped Gaussian wave packets are examined, by means of a trial function and a variational procedure, yielding analytic solutions describing the approximate evolution of the packet width, amplitude, asymmetry and phase during focusing. A model for the maximum free surface gradient, as a function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$, for $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$ the linear prediction of the maximum slope at focusing and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ the non-dimensional packet bandwidth, is proposed and numerically examined, indicating a quasi-self-similarity of these focusing events. The equations of motion for the fully nonlinear potential flow equations are then integrated to further investigate these predictions. It is found that a model of this form can characterize the bulk partitioning of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}$ phase space, between non-breaking and breaking waves, serving as a breaking criterion. Application of this result to better understanding air–sea interaction processes is discussed.
Curcumin attenuates insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in a rat model of intra-uterine growth restriction through insulin signalling pathway and sterol regulatory element binding proteins
Authors: Niu Yu , He Jintian , Ahmad Hussain , Wang Chao , Zhong Xiang , Zhang Lili , Cui Tao , Zhang Jingfei , Wang Tian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic lipid accumulation in intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Rats with a normal birth weight (NBW) or IUGR were fed basic diets (NBW and IUGR groups) or basic diets supplemented with curcumin (NBW-C and IUGR-C groups) from 6 to 12 weeks. Rats in the IUGR group showed higher levels of glucose and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (P< 0·05) than in the NBW group. The livers of IUGR rats exhibited higher (P< 0·05) concentration of TAG and lower (P< 0·05) activities of lipolysis enzymes compared with the normal rats. In response to dietary curcumin supplementation, concentrations of serum insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR, pyruvate, TAG, total cholesterol and NEFA in the liver were decreased (P< 0·05). The concentrations of glycogen and activities of lipolysis enzymes in the liver were increased (P< 0·05) in the IUGR-C group compared with the IUGR group. These results were associated with lower (P< 0·05) phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase B or Akt, glycogen synthase kinase 3β and expressions of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 and fatty acid synthase (FASN); decreased expressions forCd36, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebf1) andFasn; increased (P< 0·05) expression of PPARα; and expressions forPparaand hormone-sensitive lipase in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. Maternal malnutrition caused IR and lipid accumulation in the liver. Curcumin supplementation prevented IR by regulating insulin signalling pathways and attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation.
THE ASSAULT ON INTERNATIONAL ADJUDICATION AND THE LIMITS OF WITHDRAWAL
Authors: McLachlan Campbell 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWithdrawal from international adjudication is a contemporary phenomenon with wide implications. The act of treaty withdrawal is not to be seen as merely the unilateral executive exercise of the individual sovereign prerogative of a State. International law places checks upon the exercise of withdrawal, recognising that it is an act that of its nature affects the interests of other States parties, which have a collective interest in constraining withdrawal. National courts have a complementary function in restraining unilateral withdrawal in order to support the domestic constitution. The arguments advanced against international adjudication in the name of popular democracy at the national level can serve as a cloak for the exercise of executive power unrestrained by law. The submission by States to peaceful settlement of disputes through international adjudication is central, not incidental, to the successful operation of the international legal system.
Feasibility and potential of three-dimensional printing in laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Richard Z , Jackson E , Jung J P , Kanotra S P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe use of three-dimensional printing has been rapidly expanding over the last several decades. Virtual surgical three-dimensional simulation and planning has been shown to increase efficiency and accuracy in various clinical scenarios.ObjectivesTo report the feasibility of three-dimensional printing in paediatric laryngotracheal stenosis and discuss potential applications of three-dimensional printed models in airway surgery.MethodRetrospective case series in a tertiary care aerodigestive centre.ResultsThree-dimensional printing was undertaken in two cases of paediatric laryngotracheal stenosis. One patient with grade 4 subglottic stenosis with posterior glottic involvement underwent an extended partial cricotracheal reconstruction. Another patient with grade 4 tracheal stenosis underwent tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Models of both tracheas were printed using PolyJet technology from a Stratasys Connex2 printer.ConclusionIt is feasible to demonstrate stenosis in three-dimensional printed models, allowing for patient-specific pre-operative surgical simulation. The models serve as an educational tool for patients’ understanding of the surgery, and for teaching residents and fellows.
The World Bank, human rights, and organizational legitimacy strategies: The case of the 2016 Environmental and Social Framework
Authors: Ormaza María Victoria Cabrera , Ebert Franz Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile civil society groups have been urging the World Bank to integrate human rights concepts into its policies, borrower countries have increasingly made the case for flexibility and deference to domestic standards in the implementation of bank-funded projects. This article analyses how the World Bank has navigated these conflicting legitimacy demands in the context of its 2016 Environmental and Social Framework (ESF). Drawing on insights from organizational sociology, we focus on practices of decoupling, which allow organizations to correspond to legitimacy demands by different audiences while not having to substantially adjust their core activities. The labour and indigenous peoples’ safeguards serve as cases in point. Specifically, the article argues that the Bank has decoupled its discourse concerning the ESF from the framework’s actual content by making statements about the ESF’s coherence with key human rights concepts which, upon closer scrutiny, do not fully correspond to its actual requirements. The article also shows how the design of the ESF furthers a decoupling of relevant requirements from its actual implementation. In particular, the confined scope ratione personae of the relevant safeguards and the discretion granted to the Bank’s staff and the borrower to add meaning to undefined key concepts may render their human rights-related requirements in a number of cases inconsequential. By and large, the decoupling practices identified regarding the Bank’s ESF entail problematic effects for the normativity of relevant human rights concepts and may, in the long run, undermine the Bank’s legitimacy as a whole.