bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin Supported Lipid Monolayer with Unprecedented Mechanical and Dielectric Properties
Authors: Kenaan Ahmad , El Zein Racha , Kilinc Volkan , Lamant Sébastien , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel , Charrier Anne M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe development of ultrathin dielectrics for low power electronics operations, flexible and printed electronics, and field‐effect‐transistor‐based sensors is still a challenge. Here, monolayers of engineered lipids supported on silicon are reported presenting exceptional mechanical and dielectric properties. The lipid monolayers are stabilized using a simple procedure based on a two‐stage reticulation process in both their aliphatic chains and their head‐group. With a thickness lower than 3 nm, such layers are demonstrated to offer exceptional mechanical and dielectric stability with unprecedented low leakage current and dielectric strength. Surprisingly, the mechanical and dielectric pressures required to rupture/breakdown the monolayers are shown to be similar. These results suggest the presence of a strong correlation between mechanical and dielectric properties, as well as between the mechanisms of rupture and breakdown.
Solution‐Processed High‐Performance Tetrathienothiophene‐Based Small Molecular Blends for Ambipolar Charge Transport
Authors: Vegiraju Sureshraju , Lin Chih‐Yu , Priyanka Pragya , Huang Deng‐Yi , Luo Xian‐Lun , Tsai Hsiang‐Chi , Hong Shao‐Huan , Yeh Chia‐Jung , Lien Wei‐Chieh , Wang Chien‐Lung , Tung Shih‐Huang , Liu Cheng‐Liang , Chen Ming‐Chou , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFour soluble dialkylated tetrathienoacene (TTAR)‐based small molecular semiconductors featuring the combination of a TTAR central core, π‐conjugated spacers comprising bithiophene (bT) or thiophene (T), and with/without cyanoacrylate (CA) end‐capping moieties are synthesized and characterized. The molecule DbT‐TTAR exhibits a promising hole mobility up to 0.36 cm2 V−1 s−1 due to the enhanced crystallinity of the microribbon‐like films. Binary blends of the p‐type DbT‐TTAR and the n‐type dicyanomethylene substituted dithienothiophene‐quinoid (DTTQ‐11) are investigated in terms of film morphology, microstructure, and organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) performance. The data indicate that as the DbT‐TTAR content in the blend film increases, the charge transport characteristics vary from unipolar (electron‐only) to ambipolar and then back to unipolar (hole‐only). With a 1:1 weight ratio of DbT‐TTAR DTTQ‐11 in the blend, well‐defined pathways for both charge carriers are achieved and resulted in ambipolar transport with high hole and electron mobilities of 0.83 and 0.37 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. This study provides a viable way for tuning microstructure and charge carrier transport in small molecules and their blends to achieve high‐performance solution‐processable OFETs.
Photoelectric Synergetic Responsive Slippery Surfaces Based on Tailored Anisotropic Films Generated by Interfacial Directional Freezing
Authors: Wang Zubin , Liu Yao , Guo Pu , Heng Liping , Jiang Lei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSmart responsive slippery surfaces are highly desirable for their potential applications in many fields. Although slippery surfaces that respond to a single external stimulus are reported, challenges in fabricating synergetic responsive anisotropic slippery surfaces remain due to limitations in the preparation of the underlying anisotropic substrate. Here, photoelectric synergetic responsive slippery surfaces are fabricated based on anisotropic porous films that are tailored by using an interfacial directional freezing technique using a poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl)/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PCBM) binary system. The anisotropic surface structure of P3HT/PCBM films is facilely tailored by simply tuning the freezing speed, the P3HT/PCBM mass ratio, and the total concentration of solution. A detailed formation mechanism is proposed and elucidated. Moreover, anisotropic slippery surfaces demonstrate remarkable photoelectric synergetic behavior, which is used for the photoelectric synergetic control of droplet sliding and interfacial sentinel oxidative degradation. The in‐depth understanding of the formation mechanism of the anisotropic porous film may enable the interfacial directional freezing method to be extended to the design of other multifunctional anisotropic surfaces. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the design of new types of smart slippery surfaces, which are potentially useful in microfluidics, lab‐on‐chips, photoelectric displays, interfacial microreactors, and other related fields.
Liquid Crystals with Interfacial Ordering that Enhances Responsiveness to Chemical Targets
Authors: Nayani Karthik , Rai Prabin , Bao Nanqi , Yu Huaizhe , Mavrikakis Manos , Twieg Robert J. , Abbott Nicholas L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe development of stimuli‐responsive materials suitable for use in wearable sensors is a key unresolved challenge. Liquid crystals (LCs) are particularly promising, as they do not require power, are light‐weight, and can be tuned to respond to a range of targeted chemical stimuli. Here, an advance is reported in the design of LCs for chemical sensors with the discovery of LCs that assume parallel orientations at free surfaces and yet retain their chemoresponsiveness. The resulting LC‐based sensors are more sensitive and exhibit faster responses than previous LC sensor designs.
NiFe (Oxy) Hydroxides Derived from NiFe Disulfides as an Efficient Oxygen Evolution Catalyst for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries: The Effect of Surface S Residues
Authors: Wang Tanyuan , Nam Gyutae , Jin Yue , Wang Xingyu , Ren Pengju , Kim Min Gyu , Liang Jiashun , Wen Xiaodong , Jang Haeseong , Han Jiantao , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing , Cho Jaephil 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA facile H2O2 oxidation treatment to tune the properties of metal disulfides for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity enhancement is introduced. With this method, the degree of oxidation can be readily controlled and the effect of surface S residues in the resulted metal (oxy)hydroxides for the OER is revealed for the first time. The developed NiFe (oxy)hydroxide catalyst with residual S demonstrates an extraordinarily low OER overpotential of 190 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 after coupling with carbon nanotubes, and outstanding performance in Zn–air battery tests. Theoretical calculation suggests that the surface S residues can significantly reduce the adsorption free energy difference between O* and OH* intermediates on the Fe sites, which should account for the high OER activity of NiFe (oxy)hydroxide catalysts. This work provides significant insight regarding the effect of surface heteroatom residues in OER electrocatalysis and offers a new strategy to design high‐performance and cost‐efficient OER catalysts.
Self‐Suspended Nanomesh Scaffold for Ultrafast Flexible Photodetectors Based on Organic Semiconducting Crystals
Authors: Zhang Lei , Pasthukova Nadiia , Yao Yifan , Zhong Xiaolan , Pavlica Egon , Bratina Gvido , Orgiu Emanuele , Samorì Paolo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSelf‐standing nanostructures are of fundamental interest in materials science and nanoscience and are widely used in (opto‐)electronic and photonic devices as well as in micro‐electromechanical systems. To date, large‐area and self‐standing nanoelectrode arrays assembled on flexible substrates have not been reported. Here the fabrication of a hollow nanomesh scaffold on glass and plastic substrates with a large surface area over 1 mm2 and ultralow leakage current density (≈1–10 pA mm−2 @ 2 V) across the empty scaffold is demonstrated. Thanks to the continuous sub‐micrometer space formed in between the nanomesh and the bottom electrode, highly crystalline and dendritic domains of 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethinyl)pentacene growing within the hollow cavity can be observed. The high degree of order at the supramolecular level leads to efficient charge and exciton transport; the photovoltaic detector supported on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates exhibits an ultrafast photoresponse time as short as 8 ns and a signal‐to‐noise ratio approaching 105. Such a hollow scaffold holds great potential as a novel device architecture toward flexible (opto‐)electronic applications based on self‐assembled micro/nanocrystals.
Thin, Porous, and Conductive Networks of Metal Nanoparticles through Electrochemical Welding on a Liquid Metal Template
Authors: Tang Jianbo , Zhao Xi , Li Jing , Liu Jing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractManipulating particles using a fluid interface has both fundamental implications and technological promises. However, the stabilization of interfacial particle structures remains challenging. This study proposes a room‐temperature particle cross‐linking strategy achieved by introducing a surface transition process to metal particles confined at a liquid metal–electrolyte template, which is electrochemically reducing. The method enables cross‐linking Cu nanoparticles into nanoporous networks of micrometric thickness. It is shown that the particle networks possess remarkable mechanical strength and can be readily isolated and then be transferred onto desired substrates. The electrical properties of the material due to network formation are further highlighted, with a focus on an anomalous electric‐field‐induced resistance reduction effect. Such favorable mechanical property and intriguing conducting behavior forecast promising perspectives of the material for smart sensor applications or novel electronic devices. Meanwhile, the proposed particle cross‐linking method can provide general implications for particle‐based, interface‐assisted fabrication.
Enhancing Molecular Alignment and Charge Transport of Solution‐Sheared Semiconducting Polymer Films by the Electrical‐Blade Effect
Authors: Molina‐Lopez Francisco , Wu Hung‐Chin , Wang Ging‐Ji Nathan , Yan Hongping , Shaw Leo , Xu Jie , Toney Michael F. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractControlling polymer chain alignment through processing is a means of tuning the charge transport of solution‐based conjugated polymers. In this work, a processing strategy is proposed in which an external electric field (E‐field) is applied to the coating blade (E‐blade) to align polymer chain during solution‐shearing, a meniscus‐guided coating technique. A theoretical model based on dielectrophoresis quantitatively describes and predicts the alignment process and is used to guide the selection of the optimal conditions of the applied E‐field. Using these conditions, more than twofold increase in chain alignment is observed for E‐bladed thin films of a diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) semiconducting polymer without affecting other morphological aspects such as film thickness, film coverage, or fiber‐like aggregation. Organic field effect transistors based on the E‐bladed DPP polymer are fabricated at ambient conditions and over areas of a few cm2. They display a threefold improvement in their mobilities and a strong enhancement in charge transport anisotropy compared to films prepared without E‐field. These results reveal a synergistic alignment effect from both the solution‐shearing process and the applied E‐field, and introduce a novel and general approach to control the morphology and the electrical properties of solution‐coated conjugated polymer thin films.
Evolving patterns in the diagnosis and management of allergy‐mediated disorders
Authors: Arianpour Khashayar , Svider Peter F. , Yuhan Brian , Hooda Zamaan , Eloy Jean Anderson , Folbe Adam J. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThis analysis explores the increasing heterogeneity of trends in allergy management under the premise that the practice of allergy has undergone significant changes in national economics, healthcare delivery, and treatment options from 2007 to 2016.MethodsCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data were obtained for: (1) temporal trends in allergy immunotherapy injection (Current Procedural Terminology [CPT] codes 95115, 95117) and testing (CPT 95004, 95024) from 2007 to 2016; (2) geographic trends; and (3) practitioners administering immunotherapy. Although there are no sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) CPT codes, billing for unlisted allergy/immunologic services (CPT 95199) were obtained.ResultsSince 2007, there were 99.5 million allergy tests and 33.5 million immunotherapy injections billed to Medicare beneficiaries. Increases in testing have outpaced rising immunotherapy administration (49.7% vs 19.6% increase). Significant regional variation in testing rates was noted, with the greatest ratio of testing to immunotherapy in the South (0.35) and smallest ratio in the Northeast (0.18). The maximum unlisted allergy services billed was 594 (of which includes SLIT), compared to annual subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) totals in the millions. The majority of immunotherapy in 2016 was administered by allergists/immunologists (51.6%) followed by otolaryngologists (31.2%), trends that have remained consistent since 2012.ConclusionPhysicians have been more aggressive in the workup of allergy‐mediated disorders in recent years. Although differences in allergen load exist, there is tremendous geographic variation in the ratio of testing to immunotherapy. While the role otolaryngologists play in immunotherapy remains stable, allergists manage the majority of patients, reinforcing the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation and outreach. SLIT does not appear to play a significant role in this population.
Vielfältige Nanostrukturen aus Reishülsen‐Biomasse für Energieanwendungen
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Smith Andrew T. , Wang Weixing , Sun Luyi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Umwandlung von Biomasse in hochwertige Produkte hat in jüngster Zeit beträchtliche Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Biomasse aus Reishülsen (“rice husks”, RH) wurde ursprünglich dazu verwendet, Schüttgüter für konventionelle Anwendungen herzustellen, während in den letzten Jahren daraus eine Vielzahl von modernen Nanostrukturen (NS) hergestellt wurden. RH‐basierte Nanostrukturen (RH‐NS) sind kostengünstig und umweltfreundlich, und sie haben viele Eigenschaften, die für Anwendungen in verschiedenen Bereichen vielversprechend sind. Basierend auf der einzigartigen Struktur und den Komponenten der RH wurde eine Reihe von neuartigen, auf Kohlenstoff/Silicium basierenden NS mit herausragenden Eigenschaften erschlossen, die mit herkömmlichen chemischen Reagenzien nur schwer zu synthetisieren sind. Hier werden neueste Forschungsergebnisse zu RH‐NS zusammengefasst, die sich auf Design, Herstellung, Eigenschaften und Anwendungen im modernen Energiebereich beziehen.
Aberrant Expansion and Function of Follicular Helper T Cell Subsets in IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: Chen Yu , Lin Wei , Yang Hongxian , Wang Mu , Zhang Panpan , Feng Ruie , Chen Hua , Peng Linyi , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Yan , Zeng Xiaofeng , Zhang Fengchun , Zhang Wen , Lipsky Peter E. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the number and function of follicular helper T (Tfh) cell subsets in IgG4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD).MethodsMononuclear cells from the peripheral blood and involved tissue of patients with IgG4‐RD were assessed for Tfh cells and their subsets, and levels of B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl‐6), B lymphocyte–induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP‐1), and interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) messenger RNA (mRNA). Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques were used to assess the involved tissue of patients to determine the location of IL‐21, Bcl‐6, and CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells. Furthermore, the ability of circulating Tfh (cTfh) cell subsets to induce B cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation and to produce IgG4 was explored in cell cocultures in vitro.ResultsFrequencies of cTfh cells were significantly increased in the peripheral blood of patients with IgG4‐RD, and even higher frequencies were observed in the involved tissue. Percentages of programmed cell death protein 1 in CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+ cTfh cells were positively correlated with the serum levels of IgG and IgG4, IgG4:IgG ratio, number of involved organs, and frequency of CD19+CD24−CD38high plasmablasts/plasma cells. Levels of BLIMP‐1 and IL‐21 mRNA in peripheral CD4+ T cells were increased in patients with IgG4‐RD compared to healthy controls, and this was correlated with the levels of serum IgG4. Moreover, in the involved tissue, Bcl‐6, IL‐21, and Tfh cells were highly expressed. Compared to cTfh cells from healthy controls, cTfh cells from patients with IgG4‐RD could facilitate B cell proliferation and inhibit B cell apoptosis more efficiently, and enhanced the differentiation of naive B cells into switched memory B cells and plasmablasts/plasma cells, with a resultant increase in the secretion of IgG4. Notably, the cTfh1 and cTfh2 cell subsets were the most effective at providing B cell help.ConclusionTfh cell subsets are expanded in IgG4‐RD and may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling Maintains Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Protects Against Immune Complex–Induced Vascular Injury
Authors: Burg Nathalie , Swendeman Steven , Worgall Stefan , Hla Timothy , Salmon Jane E. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveImmune complex (IC) deposition activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), increases vascular permeability, and leads to organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The bioactive lipid sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), acting via S1P receptor 1 (S1P1), is a key regulator of endothelial cell (EC) barrier function. This study was undertaken to investigate whether augmenting EC integrity via S1P1 signaling attenuates inflammatory injury mediated by ICs.MethodsIn vitro barrier function was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by electrical cell‐substrate impedance sensing. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (p–MLC‐2) and VE‐cadherin staining in HUVECs were assessed by immunofluorescence. A reverse Arthus reaction (RAR) was induced in the skin and lungs of mice with S1P1 deleted from ECs (S1P1 EC‐knockout [ECKO] mice) and mice treated with S1P1 agonists and antagonists.ResultsS1P1 agonists prevented loss of barrier function in HUVECs treated with IC‐activated PMNs. S1P1 ECKO and wild‐type (WT) mice treated with S1P1 antagonists had amplified RAR, whereas specific S1P1 agonists attenuated skin and lung RAR in WT mice. ApoM‐Fc, a novel S1P chaperone, mitigated EC cell barrier dysfunction induced by activated PMNs in vitro and attenuated lung RAR. Expression levels of p–MLC‐2 and disruption of VE‐cadherin, each representing manifestations of cell contraction and destabilization of adherens junctions, respectively, that were induced by activated PMNs, were markedly reduced by treatment with S1P1 agonists and ApoM‐Fc.ConclusionOur findings indicate that S1P1 signaling in ECs modulates vascular responses to IC deposition. S1P1 agonists and ApoM‐Fc enhance the EC barrier, limit leukocyte escape from capillaries, and provide protection against inflammatory injury. The S1P/S1P1 axis is a newly identified target to attenuate tissue responses to IC deposition and mitigate end‐organ damage.
Triple Positivity for Anti–Citrullinated Protein Autoantibodies, Rheumatoid Factor, and Anti–Carbamylated Protein Antibodies Conferring High Specificity for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Verheul Marije K. , Böhringer Stefan , van Delft Myrthe A. M. , Jones Jonathan D. , Rigby William F. C. , Gan Ryan W. , Holers V. Michael , Edison Jess D. , Deane Kevin D. , Janssen Koen M. J. , Westra Johanna , Brink Mikael , Rantapää‐Dahlqvist Solbritt , Huizinga Tom W. J. , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , van der Woude Diane , Toes Rene E. M. , Trouw Leendert A. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveIn rheumatoid arthritis (RA), anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are commonly used to aid in the diagnosis. Although these autoantibodies are mainly found in RA, their specificity is not optimal. It is therefore difficult to identify RA patients, especially in very early disease, based on the presence of ACPAs and RF alone. In addition, anti–carbamylated protein (anti‐CarP) antibodies have diagnostic and prognostic value, since their presence is associated with joint damage in RA patients and also associated with the future development of RA in patients with arthralgia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the value of combined antibody testing in relation to prediction and diagnosis of (early) RA.MethodsA literature search resulted in identification of 12 relevant studies, consisting of RA patients, pre‐RA individuals, disease controls, healthy first‐degree relatives of RA patients, and healthy control subjects, in which data on RF, ACPAs, and anti‐CarP antibody status were available. Using these data, random effects meta‐analyses were carried out for several antibody combinations.ResultsThe individual antibodies were highly prevalent in patients with RA (34–80%) compared to the control groups, but were also present in non‐RA controls (0–23%). For the classification of most subjects correctly as having RA or as a non‐RA control, the combination of ACPAs and/or RF often performed well (specificity 65–100%, sensitivity 59–88%). However, triple positivity for ACPAs, RF, and anti‐CarP antibodies resulted in a higher specificity for RA (98–100%), accompanied by a lower sensitivity (11–39%).ConclusionAs the rheumatology field is moving toward very early identification of RA and possible screening for individuals at maximum risk of RA in populations with a low pretest probability, an autoantibody profile of triple positivity for ACPAs, RF, and anti‐CarP provides interesting information that might help identify individuals at risk of developing RA.
Manganese‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation Reactions
Authors: Yang Xiaoxu , Wang Congyang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOver the past few decades, manganese‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of C=O or C=C/C≡C unsaturated bonds have undergone enormous developments. In this focus review, the hydrosilylation reactions of alkenes, alkynes, and carbonyl‐containing substrates catalyzed by manganese complexes are summarized. Moreover, the mechanisms of the manganese‐catalyzed hydrosilylation are briefly discussed.
An Optimal Tracking Performance of MIMO NCS with Quantization and Bandwidth Constraints
Authors: Cheng Ling‐Li , Zhan Xi‐Sheng , Wu Jie , Han Tao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents an optimal tracking performance of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) networked control systems (NCSs) with quantization and bandwidth constraints. In this study, we simultaneously consider the encoding‐decoding, quantization and bandwidth of communication channel. The optimal tracking performance of NCSs is obtained by spectral factorization technique and partial fraction. The obtained results demonstrate that the optimal tracking performance is influenced by the nonminimum phase zeros and unstable poles as well as their directions for a given plant. In addition, it is shown that characteristics of reference signal, encoding‐decoding, quantization, and bandwidth of communication channel are also closely related to tracking performance. Finally, the efficiency of proposed tracking performance is verified by typical examples.