bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ship-based MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric NO2, SO2, and HCHO distribution along the Yangtze River
Authors: Hong Qianqian , Liu Cheng , Chan Ka Lok , Hu Qihou , Xie Zhouqing , Liu Haoran , Si Fuqi , Liu Jianguo 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present ship-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical
Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements of tropospheric trace gases'
distribution along the Yangtze River during winter 2015. The measurements
were performed along the Yangtze River between Shanghai and Wuhan, covering
major industrial areas in eastern China. Tropospheric vertical column
densities (VCDs) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2),
and formaldehyde (HCHO) were retrieved using the air mass factor calculated
by the radiative transfer model. Enhanced tropospheric NO2 and SO2
VCDs were detected over downwind areas of industrial zones over the Yangtze
River. In addition, spatial distributions of atmospheric pollutants are
strongly affected by meteorological conditions; i.e., positive correlations
were found between concentration of pollutants and wind speed over these
areas, indicating strong influence of transportation of pollutants from
high-emission upwind areas along the Yangtze River. Comparison of tropospheric
NO2 VCDs between ship-based MAX-DOAS and Ozone Monitoring Instrument
(OMI) satellite observations shows good agreement with each other, with a
Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.82. In this study, the
NO2 ∕ SO2 ratio was used to estimate the relative contributions
of industrial sources and vehicle emissions to ambient NO2 levels.
Analysis results of the NO2 ∕ SO2 ratio show a higher
contribution of industrial NO2 emissions in Jiangsu Province, while
NO2 levels in Jiangxi and Hubei provinces are mainly related to vehicle
emissions. These results indicate that different pollution control strategies
should be applied in different provinces. In addition, multiple linear
regression analysis of ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and odd oxygen (Ox)
indicated that the primary emission and secondary formation of HCHO
contribute 54.4 ± 3.7 % and 39.3 ± 4.3 % to the ambient
HCHO, respectively. The largest contribution from primary emissions in winter
suggested that photochemically induced secondary formation of HCHO is reduced
due to lower solar irradiance in winter. Our findings provide an improved
understanding of major pollution sources along the eastern part of the
Yangtze River which are useful for designing specific air pollution control
policies.
Give me five! – reasons for two-way communication between experts and citizens in relation to air pollution risk
Authors: Loroño-Leturiondo Maria , O'Hare Paul , Cook Simon , Hoon Stephen R. , Illingworth Sam 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Air pollution is a major environmental concern for many populations
worldwide. Communication efforts so far have been based on a one-way
provision of evidence and information from experts to society, and have
arguably failed in their mission to foster a more aware and engaged society,
or to result in cleaner air. Globally we are facing both an air quality
crisis and a communication emergency. This paper focuses on the communication
of air pollution risk, from the threats it poses (e.g. severe impacts to
human health) to the opportunities it can create (e.g. behavioural or
technological alternatives that lead to cleaner air). It supports the case
for moving away from one-way communication, and identifies five key benefits
of a practical two-way communication between experts and citizens in order to
engender positive change and improve global air quality.
EQUIPES DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA E SUAS ESTRATÉGIAS PARA PROTEÇÃO DO SOFRIMENTO NO TRABALHO
Authors: Glanzner Cecilia Helena , Olschowsky Agnes , Duarte Maria de Lourdes Custódio 
Published: April 2018

OBJETIVO: Analisar quais as estratégias defensivas que profissionais de equipes de Saúde da Família utilizam para se proteger do sofrimento no trabalho na perspectiva da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, analítica realizado em três unidades de saúde do sul do Brasil que foram selecionadas intencionalmente. Participaram do estudo todos os profissionais das equipes, totalizando 68 profissionais. As informações foram coletadas por observação e entrevistas coletivas, analisadas conforme Minayo, emergindo duas categorias: estratégias coletivas de defesa e individuais. RESULTADOS: Na primeira categoria, os profissionais apontaram o compartilhamento do trabalho em reuniões; e como estratégias individuais negação, racionalização e reconhecimento. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: Os profissionais têm buscado estratégias de enfrentamento do sofrimento, utilizando seus recursos internos e do coletivo para enfrentá-lo, transformando-o em prazer e saúde.
Desdobramentos da extensão universitária na recém criada Universidade Federal de Sergipe (1968- 1980)
Authors: Lima Ana Paula Soares , Souza Josefa Eliana 
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Essa pesquisa tem por finalidade analisar o surgimento das atividades de extensão na Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) destacando o quanto essas atividades contribuíram para o enriquecimento de educandos e da instituição em si. O recorte cronológico (1968 - 1980) marca o início da ideia de extensão nas Universidades brasileiras através da lei 5.540/68, em especial a UFS, até 1980 com o ápice, mostrando que a extensão juntamente com a pesquisa e o ensino fazem parte do tripé que constroem uma Universidade moderna. As fontes utilizadas para a construção dessa pesquisa foram a análise de relatórios de gestão da época, ofícios, jornais disponibilizados no Arquivo Central da UFS, monografias, artigos, legislações, além de entrevistas. Os pressupostos teórico - metodológicos relacionam - se aos da história da educação e o impacto que essas atividades extensionistas tiveram no crescimento da UFS.
Palavras – chave: Extensão. Universidade Federal de Sergipe. Lei 5.540/68.
Role of Interface Interactions in the Construction of GO‐Based Artificial Nacres
Authors: Wan Sijie , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hierarchical interfacial architecture of nacre inspires the fabrication of novel high performance graphene‐based nanocomposites. Graphene has great promise for applications in aerospace and especially for flexible electronic devices, etc., due to its remarkable mechanical and electrical properties. Thus, it is significant to summarize the role of interface interactions in the construction of nacre‐inspired graphene‐based nanocomposites, which is the distinctive characteristic and important scientific progress of the review. This review first makes a comparison for the interfacial architecture of above biological materials and finds inspiration from nacre to design the interface in graphene‐based nanocomposites, which contains single interface interaction, synergistic interface interactions, and synergistic building blocks. Then, the focus is attached to the effect of different interfacial design strategies on the mechanical and electrical properties of state‐of‐the‐art GO‐based artificial nacres (GANs), including 1D fibers, 2D films, and 3D bulk materials. Additionally, the multifunctional GANs with such functions as fatigue resistance, fire retardant property, and smart nanogating, etc. are also discussed. Moreover, some potential applications and corresponding challenges and solutions of GANs are detailedly summarized. Finally, from the views of theoretical simulation and experimental research, a perspective on the roadmap of GANs in the future is also proposed.
A Stretchable, Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Real‐Time Motion Monitoring
Authors: Lu Cunxin , Chen Jian , Jiang Tao , Gu Guangqin , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStretchable triboelectric nanogenerators have attracted increasing interests in the field of wearable electronics. In this work, a stretchable and flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (SF‐TENG) with a ladder structure that consists of several single‐electrode TENG units on the elastic rubber substrate is developed. The structural design of the ladder‐shaped SF‐TENG is found to greatly improve the mechanical flexibility and stretching ability under small external force, and it works well even under the elongation of 120% and curvature of 90º. The SF‐TENG with optimized structure can have excellent linear response to tensile force and act as a strain sensor. The sensitivities of output voltage to tensile force and tensile displacement can reach 2.01 V N−1 and 0.0412 V mm−1, respectively. Moreover, a SF‐TENG‐based data glove is fabricated to demonstrate the potential application of such TENG in the human–machine interaction through the stone–paper–scissors game.
A Transfer‐Printed, Stretchable, and Reliable Strain Sensor Using PEDOT:PSS/Ag NW Hybrid Films Embedded into Elastomers
Authors: Fan Xi , Wang Naixiang , Yan Feng , Wang Jinzhao , Song Wei , Ge Ziyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStrain sensors can distinguish diverse deformations of target objects and have promising application as electronic skins, health monitors, soft robotics, etc. However, most of strain sensors suffer from reliability issue along with small strain‐sensing region due to the slippages of conducting components and the relaxation of their underlying elastomers. Here, a strain sensor with a sandwiched structure (i.e., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) and Ag nanowires (NWs) are embedded into polydimethylsiloxane) via a transfer‐printing technique is reported. The devices not only show a broad sensing region up to 50% strain with improved sensitivity, but also possess a reliable resistance response with recoverable conductance. The work provides a simple transfer‐printing method to make reliable, stretchable, and sensitive strain sensors for their promising implementation.
“An example for corporate social responsibility”: British American Tobacco's response to criticism of its Myanmar subsidiary, 1999–2003
Authors: MacKenzie Ross 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn 2013, British American Tobacco (BAT) returned to Myanmar a decade after it had left the country under pressure from civil society, international organizations, and the government of the United Kingdom. The company's involvement in a joint venture with an investment branch of the country's military government between 1999 and 2003 resulted in intense scrutiny and criticism based on the military's record of human rights abuses. BAT argued that corporations could not be held accountable for actions of governments in countries in which it operated, and that its presence in Myanmar contributed to economic and social development. It also maintained that its Myanmar subsidiary provided a model of responsible business conduct. The controversy that surrounded BAT's Myanmar subsidiary between 1999 and 2003 has increasing relevance to the current situation in Myanmar, and potential implications for foreign corporations operating in the country.
Complete plastome sequencing fromToona(Meliaceae) and phylogenomic analyses within Sapindales
Authors: Lin Nan , Moore Michael J. , Deng Tao , Sun Hang , Yang Lin‐sen , Sun Yan‐xia , Wang Heng‐chang 
Published: April 2018

Premise of the StudyToona(Meliaceae, Sapindales) is a small genus of five species of trees native from southern and eastern Asia to New Guinea and Australia. Complete plastomes were sequenced for threeToonaspecies to provide a basis for future plastome genetic studies in threatened species ofToona. In addition, plastome structural evolution and phylogenetic relationships across Sapindales were explored with a larger data set of 29 Sapindales plastomes (including members of six out of nine families).MethodsThe plastomes were determined using the Illumina sequencing platform; the phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood byRAxML.ResultsThe lengths of threeToonaplastomes range from 159,185 to 158,196 bp. A total of 113 unique genes were found in each plastome. Across Sapindales, plastome gene structure and content were largely conserved, with the exception of the contraction of the inverted repeat region to excludeycf1in some species of Rutaceae and Sapindaceae, and the movement oftrnI‐GAUandtrnA‐UGCto a position outside the inverted repeat region in some Rutaceae species.DiscussionThe threeToonaplastomes possess the typical structure of angiosperm plastomes. Phylogenomic analysis of Sapindales recovered a mostly strongly supported phylogeny of Sapindales, including most of the backbone relationships, with some improvements compared to previous targeted‐gene analyses.
Integration der Bewehrung beim 3D‐Druck mit Beton
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDer digitale Betonbau ist in jüngster Zeit Gegenstand sehr rasch wachsender Forschungsaktivitäten auf der ganzen Welt geworden. Verschiedene Technologien für den 3D‐Druck mit Beton wurden entwickelt; die Anzahl der Demonstrationsprojekte und praktischen Anwendungen hat exponentiell zugenommen. Die häufigsten dieser Ansätze konzentrieren sich auf Beton als solchen, während die vorgeschlagenen Lösungen für die Eingliederung von Bewehrung noch rudimentär sind und hinter den Konzepten für den Druck mit Beton zurückbleiben. Da die Verwendung von (Stahl‐)Bewehrung in den meisten baulichen Anwendungen unerlässlich ist, wird es dringend erforderlich, die Technologie der Bewehrung von 3D‐gedruckten Bauteilen voranzutreiben. Der Beitrag gibt einen kritischen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsstand hinsichtlich des Bewehrungseinsatzes im digitalen Betonbau und bewertet diverse Ansätze auf deren Kompatibilität mit bekannten Betondruckprozessen und existierendem Regelwerk. Bei der Betrachtung der Stahlbewehrung wird auch auf das an der TU Dresden entwickelte Verfahren des 3D‐Drucks von Stahlstrukturen mittels Gas‐Metall‐Lichtbogenschweißen eingegangen. Des Weiteren werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Bewehrung durch Kurzfasern, Garne und Textil aufgezeigt.
Nest‐building activity as a reproducible and long‐term stroke deficit test in a mouse model of stroke
Authors: Yuan Dong , Liu Chunli , Wu Jiang , Hu Bingren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionNeuroprotective therapeutics achieved from animal studies have not been able to translate into clinical stroke therapies. A major reason may be that the functional tests and outcomes between animal stroke studies and clinical trials are significantly different. Ultimately, functional recovery is most important for stroke patients, but it remains challenging to identify animal functional tests that reflect human stroke deficits. This study aimed to explore whether the nest‐building activity can be used as a functional test of mouse stroke deficit.MethodsForty‐one C57B6 male mice were randomly assigned into a sham‐operated control group and 20‐, 40‐ and 60‐min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) groups. Mice were perfusion‐fixed at 21 days following sham surgery or MCAO. Infarct volumes were assessed under the light microscopy. The nest‐building activity was characterized and quantitatively evaluated.ResultsThe results show that only a small portion of striatum was damaged after 20‐min MCAO. The brain damage areas were expanded from striatum to the neocortex and hippocampus proportionally after 40‐min and 60‐min MCAO, respectively. Consistently, relative to that of the sham‐operated mice, the nest‐building activity was insignificantly altered after 20‐min MCAO, but dramatically and significantly reduced proportionally following 40‐min and 60‐min MCAO, respectively. The nest‐building deficit was a long‐lasting event and could be seen for as long as 14‐21 days of recovery, the longest endpoint of this study.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the nest‐building activity may be a novel, objective, easy to use, highly sensitive, and long‐lasting test that may reflect the multifaceted sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after stroke in humans. Our findings may provide a novel multifaceted test for bridging the gap between animal stroke studies and clinical trials.
Labor may mask a symptom of the rupture of ovarian endometrial cyst: a case report
Authors: Kino Tamina , Obata Soichiro , Osanai Nana , Hashimoto Ayasa , Okada Yukiko , Aoki Shigeru , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessageAs labor may mask a symptom of the rupture of ovarian cyst and delivery is a risk factor of its rupture, the possibility of rupture of ovarian cyst should always be considered during delivery.
Pial arteriovenous fistula of the spine in a child with hemiplegia
Authors: Hatayama Kazuki , Goto Shinichiro , Nishida Ayumi , Inoue Masaru 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessagePial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an extremely rare disease in children. When a child presents with sudden onset of hemiparesis and headache, it is very important to perform spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning for early diagnosis and treatment.
Pasteurella Multocida meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog secondary to severe periodontal disease
Authors: Tun Alexander E. , Benedicenti Leontine , Galban Evelyn M. 
Published: April 2018

Key Clinical MessagePasteurella multocida can cause meningoencephalomyelitis in canine patients with severe periodontal disease. Fever and neutrophilic pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid are likely, and blood culture and/or empiric antibiotic therapy are indicated.
A case series: Association of anaphylaxis with a significant decrease in platelet levels and possible secondary risk of thrombosis
Authors: Peppers Brian P. , Vatsayan Anant , Dalal Jignesh , Bonfield Tracey , Tcheurekdjian Haig , Hostoffer Robert 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionAnaphylaxis is a life threatening systemic inflammatory process that share mediators involved in the coagulation cascade. Platelet activating factor, known to increase platelet aggregation, has also been implicated as an important mediator of anaphylaxis. Although other inflammatory reactions are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, anaphylaxis is currently not reported as one of them. Furthermore the role platelets may have in the perianaphylaxis period is not well understood. We here in present a retrospective case series of three patients that had platelet aberrations suggestive of PAF involvement and clinically significant thrombosis in close relationship with anaphylaxis.ObjectiveTo investigate platelet response before and after anaphylaxis and indirect observation evidence of platelet activating factors involvement with possible increased risk of thrombosis.MethodsA retrospective investigation into medical records including medication administrations times, laboratory, and radiology results. Platelet levels pre‐ and post‐ anaphylaxis were statistically analyzed.ResultsCase 1, a 44 year old man had an anaphylactic reaction shortly after envenomation and subsequently suffered an acute infarction with thrombus in a cerebral artery. Case 2 is a 49 year old man with idiopathic anaphylaxis who developed a deep vein thrombosis after a protracted anaphylaxis event. Case 3 involved an 18 year old female with acute myeloid leukemia was found to have a thrombus in the celiac trunk following anaphylaxis. A paired two‐tailed Wilcoxon test on the subjects pre and post anaphylactic platelet levels resulted in a overall P < 0.0001.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese three cases illustrate the potential role platelets may have in anaphylaxis and possible increased secondary risk for the development of thrombosis. Larger studies are required to determine incidence and risk factors for blood clots following anaphylaxis in order to provide management or screening recommendations.
Dysmobility Syndrome Independently Increases Fracture Risk in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Buehring Bjoern , Hansen Karen E , Lewis Brian L , Cummings Steven R , Lane Nancy E , Binkley Neil , Ensrud Kristine E , Cawthon Peggy M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

We proposed the term “dysmobility syndrome” (DS) to identify individuals with impaired musculoskeletal health, a risk factor for falls and fractures. Whether DS is associated with increased risk of incident fracture is unknown. The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study enrolled 5994 men ages ≥65 years, between March 2000 and April 2002. We used baseline data to determine whether DS increased fracture risk, independent of the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). Men met DS criteria at baseline if they had three or more of the following: appendicular lean mass/height2 &lt;7.26 kg/m2, total body fat &gt;30%, spine or hip T-score ≤ –2.5, grip strength &lt;30 kg, gait speed &lt;1.0 m/s, and one or more fall within 12 months. We examined whether baseline DS increased the risk of hip and major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) over a median of 14 years (IQR, 9 to 15 years). Among 5834 men mean age 74 ± 6 years, 471 (8%) had DS and 635 (11%) experienced an MOF, including 274 (5%) hip fractures. Age (per SD increase) conferred an HR of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.59 to 1.86), DS conferred an HR of 3.45 (95% CI, 2.78 to 4.29) and FRAX calculated with BMD (per %) conferred an HR of 1.10 (95% CI, 1.08 to 1.11) for MOF. Prediction of MOF using the FRAX score provided a concordance value of 0.67 ± 0.012 (concordance values are mean ± SE). Concordance increased to 0.69 ± 0.012 by adding DS and to 0.70 ± 0.012 by adding DS and age to the multivariate model. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that men with both DS and a FRAX risk above the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) treatment thresholds had higher MOF (HR 6.23; 95% CI, 3.10 to 12.54) and hip (HR 7.73; 95% CI, 5.95 to 10.04) fracture risk than men with neither condition. We suggest further studies to determine the optimal criteria for DS, and to test DS as a predictor of falls and fractures, especially in women. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Sex‐specific Alterations in Serology and the Expression of Liver FATP4 Protein in Offspring Exposed to High‐Fat Diet during Pregnancy and/or Lactation
Authors: Zhao Mingqiu , Li Yi , Yao Huihui , Dou Lihua , Zhang Shuya , Zhao Qihong , Li Li 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChanges in dietary composition will have a significant impact on the nutritional status of the mother and the offspring. To examine the relevant hormone level changes during lactation and the expression of fatty acid transporters in the placenta and liver under the condition of a high‐fat (HF) diet, we established HF animal models and conducted a cross‐fostering program to mimic the shift in diet. On gestation day (GD)18, the weight of placenta in the HF group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). HF‐fed male pups had a significantly lower serum insulin level, but the same phenomenon was not found in females. On the contrary, serum triacylglycerol (TAG) level presented a tendency to decrease only in female offspring. Oil red O staining showed lipid accumulation in the HF diet offspring livers. The mRNA levels of FATP4 in the placenta in the HF diet group were significantly upregulated compared to the control diet group (p < 0.05). High‐fat diet (HFD) consumption also altered the liver mRNA levels of FATP4, SREBP‐1, and SCD‐1 in the male offspring, while the changes in protein levels of FATP4 were not observed in either sex. In conclusion, maternal HF diet has a profound impact on offspring growth, metabolism, and the risk of metabolic disorders, which would depend on the exposure period of pregnancy and lactation.