bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of early death in children with pleuropulmonary blastoma in a single center in China
Authors: Chai Xi , Zhang Na , Zhang Dawei , Fu Libing , Yu Tong , Su Yan , Gao Hengmiao , Qian Suyun , Zeng Qi , Ma Xiaoli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivePleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare malignant tumor in childhood that is highly invasive and has poor prognosis. We retrospectively analyzed patients with PPB who died within 30 days in hopes of providing a basis for improving diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed six children with PPB who died within 30 days of admission at our hospital from January 2004 to March 2018, including their clinical features, pathological diagnosis, course of treatment, and major causes of death.ResultsSix patients (two female, four male; median age, 38 months) were included. All patients presented with respiratory symptoms. Chest imaging showed that all tumors had diameters greater than 10 cm, with varying degrees of serous effusion. Four patients underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), one patient underwent exploratory thoracotomy, and one underwent partial tumor resection. Five cases were type III, and another was type II. Four patients developed adverse events while waiting for pathological results after FNA, and four patients were treated with chemotherapy but their tumors failed to decrease in size one to two weeks later. The median hospitalization to death time was 17 days (range, 5–24 days).ConclusionsPPB often presents with respiratory symptoms that rapidly develop into respiratory distress. The rapid tumor enlargement contributes to the disease's progression. Chemoreduction in such tumors is not obviously effective, and the mortality rate is high. The main causes of death were respiratory failure and sepsis. Further clinical studies will be required to evaluate the role of initial biopsy compared with upfront total excision.
The performance of cardio‐biparietal ratio measured by 2D ultrasound in predicting fetal hemoglobin Bart disease during midpregnancy: A pilot study
Authors: Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Sirilert Sirinart , Tongsong Theera 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the performance of cardio‐biparietal ratio measured by real‐time two‐dimensional ultrasound in predicting hemoglobin (Hb) Bart disease among fetuses at risk.MethodThis prospective diagnostic study recruited pregnancies at risk for Hb Bart disease at 17 to 22 weeks' gestation. Cardio‐biparietal ratio and cardiothoracic ratio were measured before cordocentesis for Hb typing. The performance of the cardio‐biparietal ratio and cardiothoracic ratio for identifying affected fetuses was evaluated.ResultsAmong 72 fetuses at risk, 31 were diagnosed as affected by Hb Bart disease. By using a cutoff 0.45, cardio‐biparietal ratio had a sensitivity of 83.9%, specificity of 92.7%, positive predictive value of 89.7%, and negative predictive value of 88.4%, whereas cardiothoracic ratio using cutoff 0.5 had a sensitivity of 94.3%, specificity of 65.1%, positive predictive value of 68.8%, and negative predictive value of 93.3%.ConclusionCardio‐biparietal ratio is a new sonomarker to predict Hb Bart disease among fetuses at risk. This sonomarker is relatively effective and may be useful in areas of high prevalence of alpha thalassemia disease, limited number of experts in prenatal ultrasound, and difficult access to prenatal diagnosis.
High‐Performance UV Protective Waterborne Polymer Coatings Based on Hybrid Graphene/Carbon Nanotube Radicals Scavenging Filler
Authors: Prosheva Marija , Aboudzadeh Mohammad Ali , Leal Gracia Patricia , Gilev Jadranka Blazhevska , Tomovska Radmila 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) degradation is one of the most important challenges of waterborne coatings in exterior applications. One of the ways to address this issue is addition of radical scavenging species within the polymer matrix. Herein, hybrids of graphene (G) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in different ratios are used as radical scavenging species. Evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, it is found that the hybrid made of G/CNTs in ratio of 10:1 efficiently captures and quenches the free radicals. The waterborne polymer composites containing 1 wt% of hybrid G/CNT are synthesized by in situ miniemulsion free radical polymerization using a water soluble initiator. However, due to excellent efficiency to capture free radicals, the polymerization performed using water soluble initiators in the presence of 10:1 G/CNT filler is hindered. This is resolved by physical separation of the free radicals and the scavenging materials within different phases by use of oil soluble initiator. The resulting polymer composites, beside having excellent mechanical resistance, present exceptional stability under accelerated aging conditions during 400 h, suppressing almost completely the UV photodegradation. This is attributed to the efficient radical scavenging of the G/CNTs hybrid filler distributed within polymer matrix, resulting in high‐performance UV protective waterborne composite coatings.
Ab initio calculations on low‐lying electronic states of PdH
Authors: Nabi Fathola A. , Shayesteh Alireza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPotential energy curves for the low‐lying electronic states of PdH have been calculated using the MRCI method with scalar relativistic and spin‐orbit corrections, and all electronic states correlating to the 4d10 (1S), 4d9 5s1 (3D), 4d9 5s1 (1D) and 4d8 5s2 (3F) states of Pd were included. Potential energy curves for the individual Ω states have been obtained, and the experimentally observed spectra of both PdH and PdD isotopologues have been assigned appropriately based on the ab initio results. Einstein A coefficients were calculated for other possible transitions from the low‐lying electronic states to the X2Σ+ ground state. Diagonal and off‐diagonal matrix elements of the spin‐orbit Hamiltonian were calculated for all vibrational levels of the X2Σ+, 12Δ, 12Π, 22Σ+ and 32Σ+ states, and it was found from the eigenvectors that the vibrational wavefunctions of the 12Δ3/2 and 12Π3/2 states are mixed significantly in both PdH and PdD isotopologues.
Monolayer boron‐arsenide as a perfect anode for alkali‐based batteries with large storage capacities and fast mobilities
Authors: Ullah Saif , Denis Pablo A. , Sato Fernando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe investigate, by means of first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the possibility of using hexagonal boron‐arsenide (h‐BAs) as an anode material for alkali‐based batteries. We show that the adsorption strength of alkali atoms (Li, Na, and K) on h‐BAs in comparison with graphene and other related materials changes a little as a function of alkali atom concentration. When the separation between alkali atoms and h‐BAs is less than the critical distance of ~5 Å, the adsorption energy abruptly increases showing fast adsorption without an energy barrier. Furthermore, the low energy barriers of 0.322, 0.187, and 0.0.095 eV for Li, Na, and K, respectively, ensure the fast ionic diffusivities for all the three alkali atoms. Additionally, the addition of these alkali atoms transforms the electronic properties of h‐BAs from semiconducting to metallic, resulting in improved electronic conductivities. Most interestingly, the excellent storage capacities of h‐BAs (~626 mAh/g) for alkali atoms make it a material of similar caliber to that of other popular anode materials. Finally, the average open circuit voltages are calculated and found to be in the desired range. In short, h‐BAs possess every quality that is crucial for an anode material and thus it is interesting to see h‐BAs in alkali‐based battery technologies.
Optimal transport, mean partition, and uncertainty assessment in cluster analysis
Authors: Li Jia , Seo Beomseok , Lin Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn scientific data analysis, clusters identified computationally often substantiate existing hypotheses or motivate new ones. Yet the combinatorial nature of the clustering result, which is a partition rather than a set of parameters or a function, blurs notions of mean, and variance. This intrinsic difficulty hinders the development of methods to improve clustering by aggregation or to assess the uncertainty of clusters generated. We overcome that barrier by aligning clusters via optimal transport. Equipped with this technique, we propose a new algorithm to enhance clustering by any baseline method using bootstrap samples. Cluster alignment enables us to quantify variation in the clustering result at the levels of both overall partitions and individual clusters. Set relationships between clusters such as one‐to‐one match, split, and merge can be revealed. A covering point set for each cluster, a concept kin to the confidence interval, is proposed. The tools we have developed here will help address the crucial question of whether any cluster is an intrinsic or spurious pattern. Experimental results on both simulated and real data sets are provided. The corresponding R package OTclust is available on CRAN.
Bioinspired Polymer Nanocomposites Exhibit Giant Energy Density and High Efficiency at High Temperature
Authors: Xu Wenhan , Liu Jie , Chen Tianwu , Jiang Xiangyu , Qian Xiaoshi , Zhang Yu , Jiang Zhenhua , Zhang Yunhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolymer dielectrics are ubiquitous in advanced electric energy storage systems. However, the relatively low operating temperature significantly menaces their widespread application at high temperatures, such as for hybrid vehicles and aerospace power electronics. Spider silk, a natural nanocomposite comprised of biopolymer chains and crystal protein nanosheets combined by multiple interfacial interactions, exhibits excellent mechanical properties even at elevated temperatures. Inspired by the hierarchical nanostructure of spider silk, poly(aryl ether sulfone) is anchored to the surface of wide bandgap artificial nanosheets to prepare the nanocomposites with nanoconfinement effect. The bioinspired strategy successfully improves the mechanical and electrical performances of the nanocomposite. Owing to the structural‐enabled enhancements, the nanocomposites exhibit excellent breakdown strength and electrical energy storage performance at high temperatures. In detail, giant discharged energy density (2.7 J cm−3) and high charge–discharge efficiency (>90%) are simultaneously achieved at 150 °C and 400 MV m−1. Notably, under 500 MV m−1, the discharged energy density reaches 4.2 J cm−3, which is the record high discharged energy density among polymer‐based dielectrics at 150 °C. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to design high‐temperature polymer dielectrics by constructing nanoconfinement in the nanocomposites.
NiFe/(Ni,Fe)3S2 Core/Shell Nanowire Arrays as Outstanding Catalysts for Electrolytic Water Splitting at High Current Densities
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Ting , Chuah Xui‐Fang , Huang Chun‐Lung , Lin Hao‐Wei , Chen Yu‐An , Lu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNiFe/(Ni,Fe)3S2 core/shell nanowire arrays, fabricated with an anodic aluminum oxide membrane templated electrodeposition followed by sulfur ion exchange, are developed as an outstanding catalyst for electrolytic water splitting. Ni nanowire arrays achieve low overpotentials of 112 and 347 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at current densities of 10 and 400 mA cm−2, respectively, whereas ultralow overpotentials of 224 and 305 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction at current densities of 10 and 400 mA cm−2, respectively, are achieved by NiFe/(Ni,Fe)3S2 core/shell nanowire arrays. The pairing of the Ni nanowire array electrode as the cathode and the NiFe/(Ni,Fe)3S2 core/shell nanowire array electrode as the anode, delivers current densities of 10 and 400 mA cm−2 at ultralow cell voltages of 1.56 and 1.9 V, respectively, for the overall water splitting. The stability of the electrodes is also excellent, exhibiting only minor chronoamperometric decay after 24 h continuous operation at 400 mA cm−2. The nanowire array‐based electrodes, offering extended reaction surface areas and 1D guided charge transport and mass transfer, prove to be a promising new catalyst architecture design for electrocatalytic processes.
Antihepatocarcinogenic activity of whey protein concentrate and lactoferrin in diethylnitrosamine‐treated male albino mice
Authors: Mohammed Marwa M. , Ramadan Gamal , Zoheiry Mona K. , El‐Beih Nadia M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies worldwide. Chemotherapy with cytotoxic agents showed a low response rate with possible toxic effects. Recently, some emphases have been placed on the anticancer properties of bovine whey protein and its components, especially lactoferrin. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the antihepatocarcinogenic activity of bovine whey protein concentrate (WPC, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) and lactoferrin (30 and 60 mg/kg body weight), orally and daily for 14 weeks, in the mice model of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. The results showed that both WPC and lactoferrin (in a dose‐dependent manner) alleviated significantly (P < .001) the elevation in serum markers of liver carcinoma and inflammation in the DEN‐treated mice. Also, they exhibited a great amelioration in the livers' histological structure of the DEN‐treated mice by 37.0% to 66.7%. In addition, they decreased significantly (P < .001) the hepatic DNA fragmentation in the DEN‐treated mice by 23.1% to 32.7%. Only, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin completely modulated the decrease in the activity of liver enzymic antioxidant defense system (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) and improved significantly (P < .01‐.001) the concentration of hepatic reduced glutathione of the DEN‐treated mice. Moreover, the high doses of WPC and lactoferrin reduced significantly (P < .05‐.001) the elevation in the concentrations of hepatic active caspases 3, 8, and 9 of the DEN‐treated mice. In conclusion, both WPC and lactoferrin were effective in inhibiting the hepatocarcinogenic activity of DEN in mice model through their ability to alleviate the hepatic inflammation and apoptosis.
The Way Forward: Food Systems for Enabling Rural Prosperity and Nutrition Security
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we sum up policy recommendations required for creating robust food systems and for moving the country towards a nutrition secure future. In our food systems approach, policy recommendations made are multi-sectoral with an emphasis on (a) improving agricultural productivity with a view to increasing viability of smallholder agricultural systems; (b) increasing economic growth to ensure greater structural transformation and regional prosperity; and (c) linking agriculture and nutrition to ensure health and welfare growth go hand in hand. This approach takes into account the need to integrate efforts to increase rural prosperity, food production, nutrient availability, human capital, urban food security and employment with efforts towards climate change mitigation & adaptation. Such initiatives will be key to eliminate both regional and inter-personal inequality by 2050.
Diet Diversity and the Declining Importance of Staple Grains
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChanging diets poses critical demand-side challenges for food systems. Increase in income, urban growth, processes of globalization and demographic changes have led to a reduction in the relative importance of cereals, while consumption of animal-based protein, processed and purchased foods have increased. We argue that such dietary transitions should move food security debates away from access to calories towards access and affordability of diverse and quality diets. Diet diversification should become a focus for food and agricultural policy. At the same time, food and nutrition policy should also concern itself with the rising instances of obesity and other non-communicable diseases, resulting from changing diets. Finally, given that 65.5 million Indians live in urban slums, urban food security concerns should also be a part of the broader policy discussions.
The Nutrition Transformation: From Undernutrition to Obesity
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOver the last three decades, policy interventions have resulted in a decrease in undernourishment by at least ten percentage points. However, undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency remain a critical public health challenge, especially in less developed states, while the number of overweight individuals has increased drastically in more developed states over the same period. This increase in the triple burden of malnutrition is a matter of great concern due to its impacts on health and welfare. In this chapter, we present evidence that diversifying diets and increasing income is vital for reducing all types of malnutrition. Within households, improving education and information, behavior change, empowering women and improving access to water, sanitation and health infrastructure are essential to tackle undernutrition, hidden hunger and obesity.
Enabling Smallholder Prosperity through Commercialization and Diversification
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs India becomes the world’s most populous nation, the two central concerns for food security is how to increase and diversify food production. Although this is an opportunity for income growth for small farms, rectifying disadvantages owing to low economies of scale and poor access to capital, technology, and mechanization is critical to leverage it. In this chapter, we look at the scope of institutional interventions such as aggregation models in the form of cooperatives and farmer producer organizations in addressing the scale and access disadvantages. We also touch upon the need to revisit the issue of land reforms to enable land tenure systems to improve access to land and access to mechanization and credit.
Template-Based Image Reconstruction from Sparse Tomographic Data
Authors: Lang Lukas F. , Neumayer Sebastian , Öktem Ozan , Schönlieb Carola-Bibiane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe propose a variational regularisation approach for the problem of template-based image reconstruction from indirect, noisy measurements as given, for instance, in X-ray computed tomography. An image is reconstructed from such measurements by deforming a given template image. The image registration is directly incorporated into the variational regularisation approach in the form of a partial differential equation that models the registration as either mass- or intensity-preserving transport from the template to the unknown reconstruction. We provide theoretical results for the proposed variational regularisation for both cases. In particular, we prove existence of a minimiser, stability with respect to the data, and convergence for vanishing noise when either of the abovementioned equations is imposed and more general distance functions are used. Numerically, we solve the problem by extending existing Lagrangian methods and propose a multilevel approach that is applicable whenever a suitable downsampling procedure for the operator and the measured data can be provided. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our method for template-based image reconstruction from highly undersampled and noisy Radon transform data. We compare results for mass- and intensity-preserving image registration, various regularisation functionals, and different distance functions. Our results show that very reasonable reconstructions can be obtained when only few measurements are available and demonstrate that the use of a normalised cross correlation-based distance is advantageous when the image intensities between the template and the unknown image differ substantially.
Feministische Therapie – frauenspezifische Therapie – gendersensible Therapie
Authors: Ruck Nora , Köhne Maria , Beck Max , Knasmüller Florian , Luckgei Vera , Parzer Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungFeministische, frauenspezifische und gendersensible Therapieansätze haben sich als schulenübergreifende Perspektive in den meisten westlichen Ländern seit Anfang der 1970er entwickelt. Sie wurzeln in sogenannten consciousness-raising Gruppen, die sich im Wesentlichen überall dort entwickelt haben, wo es eine zweite Welle der Frauenbewegung gab und stellen eine Querschnittperspektive dar, die keine eigene Therapieschule sein will, sondern darauf abzielt, bestehende psychotherapeutische Theorien und Methoden durch den Einbezug gesellschaftlicher Strukturen und Bedingungen zu ergänzen. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir zunächst einen Abriss der historischen Entwicklung dieser Therapieansätze und gehen dann auf einige Kernbegriffe bzw. Kernmerkmale ein.
Rethinking the Purity of Moral Motives in Business: Kant Against Moral Purism
Authors: Dubbink Wim , van Liedekerke Luc 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMoral purism is a commonly held view on moral worthiness and how to identify it in concrete cases. Moral purists long for a moral world in which (business) people—at least sometimes—act morally worthy, but in concrete cases they systematically discount good deeds as grounded in self-interest. Moral purism evokes moral cynicism. Moral cynicism is a problem, both in society at large and the business world. Moral cynicism can be fought by refuting moral purism. This article takes issue with moral purism. The common strategy to tackle moral purism is to reject the exclusion thesis which states that self-interest and the ‘pure’ moral motive (and thus moral worthiness) exclude each other. We develop a different strategy. We argue that moral purists are mistaken in the way they judge moral worthiness in concrete cases. They employ the wrongprocedureand the wrongcriteria.We develop a proper procedure and proper criteria. We build on Kant, who we argue is unfairly regarded as the champion of moral purism. In order to see how Kant can develop a consistent (non-purist) philosophy, the exclusion thesis must be embedded in Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Properly embedded, Kant turns out to be both anti-purist and anti-cynical.