bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Glacial and Holocene sedimentary infill of Lake Mondsee (Eastern Alps, Austria) and historical rockfall activity revealed by reflection seismics and sediment core analysis
Authors: Daxer Christoph , Moernaut Jasper , Taylor Timothy , Haas Jean Nicolas , Strasser Michael 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Glacigenic perialpine lakes can constitute continuous post-last glacial maximum (LGM) geological archives which allow reconstruction of both lake-specific sedimentological processes and the paleoenvironmental setting of lakes. Lake Mondsee is one among several perialpine lakes in the Salzkammergut, Upper Austria, and has been previously studied in terms of paleoclimate, paleolimnology and (paleo)ecology. However, the full extent and environment of Late Glacial to Holocene sediment deposition had remained unknown, and it was not clear whether previously studied core sections were fully representative of 3D sediment accumulation patterns. In this study, the sedimentary infill of Lake Mondsee was examined via high-resolution seismic reflection survey over a 57-km extent (3.5 kHz pinger source) and a sediment core extracted from the deepest part of the lake, with a continuous length of 13.76 m. In the northern basin, seismic penetration is strongly limited in most areas because of abundant shallow gas (causing acoustic blanking). In the deeper areas, the acoustic signal reaches depths of up to 80 ms TWT (two-way travel time), representing a postglacial sedimentary sequence of at least 60-m thickness. Holocene deposits constitute only the uppermost 11.5 m of the sedimentary succession. Postglacial seismic stratigraphy of Lake Mondsee closely resembles those of well-studied French and Swiss perialpine lakes, with our data showing that most of Lake Mondsee’s sedimentary basin infill was deposited within a short time period (between 19,000 BP and 14,500 BP) after the Traun Glacier retreated from the Mondsee area, indicating an average sedimentation rate of about 1.4 cm/yr. Compared to other perialpine lakes, the seismic data from Lake Mondsee reveal little indication of mass movement activities during the Holocene. One exception, however, is rockfalls that originate from a steep cliff, the Kienbergwand, situated on the southern shore of Lake Mondsee, where, in the adjacent part of the lake, seismic profiles show mass transport deposits (MTDs), which extend approximately 450 m from the shore and are mappable over an area of about 45,300 m2. Sediment cores targeting the MTDs show two separate rockfall events. The older event consists of clast-supported angular dolomitic gravels and sands, showing high amounts of fine fraction. The younger event exhibits dolomitic clasts of up to 1.5 cm in diameter, which is mixed within a lacustrine muddy matrix. Radiocarbon dating and correlations with varve-dated sediment cores hint at respective ages of AD 1484 ± 7 for Event 1 and AD 1639 ± 5 for Event 2. As our data show no evidence of larger-scale mass movements affecting Lake Mondsee and its surroundings, we infer that the current-day morphology of the Kienbergwand is the result of infrequent medium-scale rockfalls.
Em Foco a Aritmética do Curso Primário: Um Estudo de Cadernos Escolares e do Manual “Práticas Escolares”
Authors: Borges Rosimeire Aparecida Soares , Oliveira Cristiano José de 
Published: September 2018

Este estudo histórico investigou apropriações das propostas reformistas da Escola Nova no que tange ao ensino da Aritmética para a escola primária em cinco cadernos de um aluno, de terceiro e quarto anos do curso primário, dos anos de 1952 e 1953, respectivamente, e no primeiro volume do manual didático “Práticas Escolares” que teve sua primeira edição em 1940 e décima edição em 1965, de autoria de Antonio D’Ávila. Utiliza-se como base teórico-metodológica a História Cultural na direção de dar significado às apropriações que foram feitas em relação à aritmética da escola primária em tempos da Escola Nova. Há uma predominância da resolução de problemas aritméticos ligados ao cotidiano dos alunos, indicando uma preocupação com a abstração dos conceitos com foco em uma aritmética prática, que tinha por finalidade preparar o aluno para a vida fora da escola após quatro anos de estudo no curso primário. Observa-se uma valorização do aluno como indivíduo, com respeito ao seu ritmo e dificuldades apresentadas na aprendizagem da Aritmética, um dos aspectos marcantes da Escola Nova, o aluno considerado como protagonista do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem, podendo interagir no meio social em uma formação mais humana.Palavras-chave: Aritmética. Ensino Primário. Manual Didático para Professores. Cadernos de aluno. Cultura escolar. História da Educação Matemática.AbstractThis historical study investigated appropriations of the New School for the teaching of Arithmetic for the primary school in five books of a student, of the third and the fourth years of the primary course, of the years of 1952 and 1953, respectively, And in the first Volume of the didactic manual “School Practices” that had its first edition in 1940 and tenth edition in 1965, authored by Antonio D’Ávila. It is used as a theoretical-methodological basis for the Cultural History in the direction of provide meaning the appropriations that were made in relation to the primary school in times of the New School. There is a predominance of solving arithmetic problems related to students’ daily life, indicating a preoccupation with an abstraction of concepts with a focus on an arithmetic practice, whose purpose was to prepare a student for the life outside of school after four years of primary school. It is observed the evaluation of the student as an individual, with respect to its rhythm and difficulties presented in the learning of Arithmetic, one of the markers of the New School, the student considered the protagonist of the process of teaching and learning, being able To interact in the social environment in a more humane formation.Keywords: Arithmetic. Primary school. Didactic Manual for Teachers. Books of a student. School culture. History of Mathematics Education.
Livros Didáticos Integrados para o Ensino Primário Gaúcho: uma Análise da Abordagem das Operações Aritméticas da Soma e Subtração (1960-1978)
Authors: Alves Antonio Mauricio Medeiros 
Published: September 2018

Em meados do século XX um importante movimento de renovação do ensino da Matemática se desenvolveu mundialmente, influenciando as práticas docentes e também a produção didática para o ensino dessa disciplina. Esse texto apresenta um estudo sobre as transformações decorrentes desse movimento na abordagem das operações aritméticas da soma e subtração em três coleções de livros didáticos produzidos no Rio Grande do Sul, para o ensino primário, no período de 1960-1978: Estrada Iluminada e Nossa Terra Nossa Gente (em duas versões). O estudo, de cunho histórico, privilegiou a análise documental de 17 volumes de livros das coleções citadas e adota como referencial teóricometodológico a História Cultural, a partir de autores como Roger Chartier. Verificou-se que as operações aritméticas da soma e da subtração tiveram sua abordagem modificada em função de um novo conteúdo, a Teoria dos Conjuntos.Palavras-chave: Livro Didático. Matemática Moderna. Ensino Primário. Operações Aritméticas.Abstract An important movement of teaching Mathematics renew was developed, in the world, in the middle of the XX century, influencing the teaching practices and also didactic production for the teaching of this discipline. This text presents a study about the results of transformations from this movement in the approach to the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction in three collections of didactic books produced in Rio Grande do Sul for primary education in the period 1960-1978: Estrada Iluminada and Nossa Terra Nossa Gente (in two versions). The historical study was developed in a methodological approach that privileged the documentary analysis of 17 volumes of books of the aforementioned collections and adopts as a theoretical and methodological studies on the Cultural History from authors such as Roger Chartier. It was verified that the arithmetic operations of addition and subtraction had their approach modified in function of a new content,the Set Theory.Keywords: Didactic Book. Modern Mathematics. Primary Education. Arithmetic Operations.
Nonimmune hydrops foetalis: value of perinatal autopsy and placental examination in determining aetiology
Authors: T. Ramya , G. Umamaheswari , V. Chaitra 
Published: September 2018

Background: Authors sought to determine the possible factors in the causation of nonimmune hydrops foetalis by perinatal autopsy with placental examination and to reduce the number of cases in which the cause remains elusive.Methods: Twenty five cases of nonimmune hydrops foetalis were identified in about 200 consecutive perinatal autopsies (including placental examination) performed during a 11 year period. The results were correlated with clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics in an attempt to establish the aetiology.Results: Perinatal autopsy and placental examination confirmed the following aetiologies: cardiovascular causes (8) [isolated (4), syndromic (3) and associated chromosomal (1)], placental causes (5), chromosomal (4) [isolated(3) and associated cardiovascular disease (1)], intrathoracic (3), genitourinary causes (3), infections(1),gastrointestinal lesions (1) and idiopathic causes (1). Placental mesenchymal dysplasia was a unique pathology identified among the placental lesions, which constituted the second most common cause of nonimmune hydrops foetalis. Despite careful examination no cause was identified in one case. In more than 50% of studied cases, autopsy examination either refuted or altered the ultrasound diagnosis completely.Conclusions: The perinatal autopsy in combination with placental study and prenatal imaging represents the most promising tool in the evaluation of aetiology of nonimmune hydrops foetalis. The identification of a cause for nonimmune hydrops foetalis will provide a better correlation with recurrence risk and parental counselling.
Curcumin prevents renal oxidative stress and tissue damage induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion in rats
Authors: Erturk Nazile , Elbe Hulya , Dogan Zumrut , Aktas Serdar , Demirbilek Savas , Ozturk Feral 
Published: September 2018

Background: There is increasing evidence to suggest that curcumin has antioxidant efficacy in renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). However, it has not been investigated whether this effect is dose-dependent or not. The aim of this study is to investigate the dose-dependent effect of curcumin on renal IRI in an experimental rat model.Methods: The rats (n=32) were separated into four groups: sham, I/R, I/R+CUR-50, I/R+CUR-100. Rats were subjected to renal ischemia by clamping bilateral renal pedicles for 60 min, and then reperfused for 3 h. Animals in treatment groups received 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day curcumin orally for 5 days before IRI, respectively. MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT activities were determined in renal tissue. Renal tissue also evaluated histopathologically for mean histopathological damage score.Results: The mean MDA levels in the I/R+CUR-50 and I/R+CUR-100 groups were significantly decreased when compared with the I/R group (p=0.038 and p=0.016, respectively). SOD, CAT and GSH levels of all treatment groups were significantly increased in comparison to that of I/R group (p<0.05, for all). No statistically significant difference between treatment groups were detected (p>0.05). In histological examination, the rats treated with curcumin had nearly normal morphology of the kidney.Conclusions: Curcumin significantly ameliorates the damage of renal IRI by its antioxidant activity. We detected the highest intraperitoneal dose of curcumin reduced the IRI induced oxidative stress as 50 mg/kg per day.
100 Years of Medical Countermeasures and Pandemic Influenza Preparedness
Authors: Jester Barbara J. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Patel Anita , Koonin Lisa , Jernigan Daniel B. 
Published: September 2018

The 1918 influenza pandemic spread rapidly around the globe, leading to high mortality and social disruption. The countermeasures available to mitigate the pandemic were limited and relied on nonpharmaceutical interventions. Over the past 100 years, improvements in medical care, influenza vaccines, antiviral medications, community mitigation efforts, diagnosis, and communications have improved pandemic response. A number of gaps remain, including vaccines that are more rapidly manufactured, antiviral drugs that are more effective and available, and better respiratory protective devices.
Evaluating the Evidence on Sitting, Smoking, and Health: Is Sitting Really the New Smoking?
Authors: Vallance Jeff K. , Gardiner Paul A. , Lynch Brigid M. , D’Silva Adrijana , Boyle Terry , Taylor Lorian M. , Johnson Steven T. , Buman Matthew P. , Owen Neville 
Published: September 2018

Sitting has frequently been equated with smoking, with some sources even suggesting that smoking is safer than sitting. This commentary highlights how sitting and smoking are not comparable. The most recent meta-analysis of sedentary behavior and health outcomes reported a hazard ratio of 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.41) for all-cause mortality. The relative risk (RR) of death from all causes among current smokers, compared with those who have never smoked, is 2.80 (95% CI = 2.72, 2.88) for men and 2.76 for women (95% CI = 2.69, 2.84). The risk is substantially higher for heavy smokers (> 40 cigarettes per day: RR = 4.08 [95% CI = 3.68, 4.52] for men, and 4.41 [95% CI = 3.70, 5.25] for women). These estimates correspond to absolute risk differences of more than 2000 excess deaths from any cause per 100 000 persons per year among the heaviest smokers compared with never smokers, versus 190 excess deaths per 100 000 persons per year when comparing people with the highest volume of sitting with the lowest. Conflicting or distorted information about health risks related to behavioral choices and environmental exposures can lead to confusion and public doubt with respect to health recommendations.
Determinants of Tenancy Sustainment Following Homelessness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boland Leonie , Slade Anita , Yarwood Richard , Bannigan Katrina 
Published: September 2018

Background. Tenancy sustainment—maintenance of a tenancy to avoid a premature end of tenure—is fundamental to prevention of homelessness. Understanding what enables a successful tenancy is essential in informing interventions designed to support people in leaving homelessness. Objectives. To conduct a systematic review identifying determinants associated with tenancy sustainment following homelessness. Search Methods. A detailed search of 12 electronic databases, as well as gray literature sources, was conducted in 2015 and updated in 2016. Selection Criteria. We included all study designs with a population of homeless or formerly homeless individuals in which tenancy sustainment was the primary outcome. Two reviewers independently carried out abstract and full-text reviews. QualSyst, a validated quality appraisal tool, was used in assessing the methodological quality of articles. Data Collection and Analysis. A data extraction form was developed for the review and was completed by a pair of reviewers to ensure accuracy. The heterogeneity of the studies included indicated that a narrative overview of the results was most appropriate. Main Results. Forty-three articles reporting 38 studies were included. Determinants were categorized at 4 levels: individual, interpersonal, community, and structural. Participation in specific programs (e.g., Housing First), receipt of social support, and older age were identified as positive determinants of tenancy sustainment. Conclusions. This systematic review is the first, to our knowledge, to focus solely on tenancy sustainment as a primary outcome. Although a range of determinants associated with tenancy sustainment were identified, it was difficult to draw strong conclusions owing to the heterogeneity of the studies. Despite being a fundamental concept in homelessness research, tenancy sustainment is poorly defined and conceptualized. A deeper understanding of tenancy sustainment will inform the development and evaluation of interventions that support people in leaving homelessness and maintaining tenancies. Public Health Implications. Housing stability is central to preventing homelessness and addressing the numerous public health concerns that can co-occur with homelessness. Our review highlights that a standardized approach to measuring housing stability and more high-quality intervention studies are essential.
Adsorption of Cu2+ and mechanism by natural biofilm
Authors: Cheng Xiaoying , Xu Wenjia , Wang Ningyuan , Mu Yanan , Zhu Jiatian , Luo Jiaqi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The biofilm culturing device fixed on the slides was vertically placed in the commonly called small Li Lake of Jiangnan University. The adsorption experiment of Cu2+ was carried out by mature biofilm. Besides, scanning electron microscope (SEM), polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy spectrum (SEM-EDX) were used to analysis the effect of Cu2+ on the morphological structure of biofilm. The result indicated that when the initial concentration of Cu2+ was 5 mg·L−1, the absorption capacity of Cu2+ by unit mass biofilm is the maximum. More extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were released by biofilm due to the stimulation of Cu2+. EPS was beneficial to the adsorption of Cu2+ by biofilm. After the adsorption of Cu2+, the bacterial diversity index decreased, while there were no significant differences in microbial communities on biofilm. Moreover, the main groups combining Cu2+ were the hydroxyl groups and amide groups in S-EPS and B-EPS. Ion exchange is a mechanism of the adsorption of Cu2+ by EPS.
Biodegradation of main carbon sources in vinasse stillage by a mixed culture of bacteria: influence of temperature and pH of the medium
Authors: Ryznar-Luty Agnieszka , Cibis Edmund , Lutosławski Krzysztof 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine how temperature and the pH influence the progress and efficiency of an aerobic biodegradation process, where major organic pollutants are removed from beet molasses vinasse by a mixed culture of Bacillus bacteria. It was conducted in an aerated bioreactor with a stirring system in four experimental series, each composed of five processes run at temperatures of 27, 36, 45, 54 and 63 °C. In the first and second series, medium pH was not controlled, the initial pH amounted to 6.5 and 8.0, respectively. In the third and fourth series, medium pH was controlled at 6.5 and 8.0, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the pollution load of the vinasse stillage expressed as soluble chemical oxygen demand was removed with an 88.73% efficiency. The bacterial culture assimilated all organic pollutants simultaneously, but the rate of assimilation was different. An exception was the process of betaine assimilation, which intensified only when readily available carbon sources were depleted in the medium. Synthesis and assimilation of organic acids were observed in all experiments. Advantages of the proposed method include: possibility of its use at high temperatures, and no necessity for medium pH adjustment during the process.
Performance evaluation of hybrid OMBR-MD using organic and inorganic draw solutions
Authors: Khan Sher Jamal , Siddique Muhammad Saboor , Shahzad Hafiz Muhammad Aamir 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The performance of two inorganic divalent salts (CaCl2, and MgCl2) and two organic salts (CH3COONa and Mg(CH3COO)2) was compared with commonly used NaCl in an osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) integrated with a membrane distillation (MD) system. The system was investigated in terms of salinity buildup, flux stability, draw solution (DS) recovery and contaminants removal efficiency. Results indicated that organic DSs not only lessen the salt accumulation within the bioreactor but also increase the pollutant removal efficiency by improving biological treatment. Of all the draw solutions, NaCl and CaCl2 produced rapid declines in water flux because of the high salt accumulation in the bio-tank as compared to other salts. The DCMD system successfully recovered all organic and inorganic draw solute concentrations as per OMBR requirements. Membrane flushing frequency for the MD system followed the order Mg(CH3COO)2 &gt; CH3COONa &gt; CaCl2 &gt; MgCl2 &gt; NaCl. More than 90% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4+-N, and PO43−-P was achieved in the permeate for each salt because of the dual barriers of high-retention membranes i.e., forward osmosis and MD.
Neural network for fractal dimension evolution
Authors: Oliveira Alessandra da Silva , Lopes Verônica dos Santos , Filho Ubirajara Coutinho , Moruzzi Rodrigo Braga , de Oliveira André Luiz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The coagulation/flocculation process is an essential step in drinking water treatment. The process of formation, growth, breakage and rearrangement of the formed aggregates is key to enhancing the understanding of the flocculation process. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful technique, which can be used to model complex problems in several areas, such as water treatment. This work evaluated the evolution of the fractal dimension of aggregates obtained through ANN modeling in the coagulation/flocculation process conducted in high apparent color water (100 ± 5 PtCo), using alum as coagulant in dosages varying from 1 to 12 mg Al3+ L−1, and shear rates from 20 to 60 s−1 for flocculation times from 1 to 60 minutes. Based on raw data, the ANN model resulted in optimized condition of 9.5 mg Al3+ L−1 and pH 6.1, for color removal of 90.5%. For fractal dimension evolution, the ANN was able to represent from 95% to 99% of the results.
Improving aeration systems in saline water: measurement of local bubble size and volumetric mass transfer coefficient of conventional membrane diffusers
Authors: Behnisch J. , Ganzauge A. , Sander S. , Herrling M. P. , Wagner M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this study, for the first time, the influence of the design of conventional membrane diffusers on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) and bubble size in tap water (TW) and saline water (SW) was investigated (up to 15 g/L NaCl). By using a new analytical approach, kLa and the bubble size along the ascent of the bubble swarm were measured simultaneously and in real time. The results show that in TW, after collision bubbles merge into larger bubbles by coalescence. In SW, coalescence is inhibited by salt. Due to the smaller bubble size, kLa increases to more than double compared to TW. The results show that in SW, membrane diffusers with dense slit patterns and smaller slit lengths are to be recommended in order to enable improved utilization of oxygen in saline water.