bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the patency of arterial microvascular anastomoses
Authors: İğde Murat , Onur Öztürk Mehmet , Yaşar Burak , Hakan Bulam Mehmet , Ergani Hasan Murat , Ünlü Ramazan Erkin 
Published: May 2019

Background Microvascular anastomosis patency is adversely affected by local and systemic factors. Impaired intimal recovery and endothelial mechanisms promoting thrombus formation at the anastomotic site are common etiological factors of reduced anastomosis patency. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin derivative belonging to the flavonoid subgroup and is present in green tea (Camellia sinensis). This study investigated the effects of EGCG on the structure of vessel tips used in microvascular anastomoses and evaluated its effects on thrombus formation at an anastomotic site.
Methods Thirty-six adult male Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The right femoral artery was cut and reanastomosed. The rats were divided into two groups (18 per group) and were systemically administered either EGCG or saline. Each group were then subdivided into three groups, each with six rats. Axial histological sections were taken from segments 1 cm proximal and 1 cm distal to the microvascular anastomosis site on days 5, 10, and 14.
Results Thrombus formation was significantly different between the EGCG and control groups on day 5 (P=0.015) but not on days 10 or 14. The mean luminal diameter was significantly greater in the EGCG group on days 5 (P=0.002), 10 (P=0.026), and 14 (P=0.002). Intimal thickening was significantly higher on days 5 (P=0.041) and 10 (P=0.02).
Conclusions EGCG showed vasodilatory effects and led to reduced early thrombus formation after microvascular repair. Similar studies on venous anastomoses and random or axial pedunculated skin flaps would also contribute valuable findings relevant to this topic.
The round-the-clock technique for correction of gynecomastia
Authors: Tarallo Mauro , Di Taranto Giuseppe , Fallico Nefer , Ribuffo Diego 
Published: May 2019

Background Gynecomastia is a common condition that can cause severe emotional and physical distress in both young and older men. Patients in whom symptomatic recalcitrant gynecomastia persists for a long time are potential candidates for surgery.
Methods From January 2014 to January 2016, 15 patients underwent correction of gynecomastia through a single 3-mm incision at our institution. Only patients with true gynecomastia underwent surgery with this new technique. Through the small incision, sharp dissection was performed in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction describing two half-circles. Health-related quality of life and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using a modified version of the Breast Evaluation Questionnaire (BEQ).
Results The patients’ average age was 23.5 years (range, 18–28 years), and their average body mass index was 23.2 kg/m2 (range, 19.2–25.3 kg/m2). One case was unilateral and 14 cases were bilateral. The weight of glandular tissue resected from each breast ranged from 80 to 170 g. No excess skin was excised. Bleeding was minimal. The mean operating time was 25 minutes (range, 21–40 minutes). No complications were recorded. All lesions were histologically benign. The patients’ average score was 3.5 (on a 5-point Likert scale) in all domains of the BEQ for themselves and their partners.
Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated the safety and reliability of a new technique that allows mastectomy through an imperceptible 3-mm incision. We obtained high patient satisfaction scores using our surgical technique, and patients reported considerable improvement in their social, physical, and psychological well-being after surgery.
Borik Asit Uygulanan Farklı Hasat Dönemlerindeki Yeşil Çay Yapraklarının Biyokimyasal Değişikliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SEZEKLER İşıl , COŞKUN Zeynep Mine , ERSÖZ Melike 
Published: May 2019

C. sinensis yapraklarından
elde edilen çayın antioksidatif, pro-oksidatif ve antikarsinojenik gibi değişik
farmakolojik etkileri vardır. Bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişmesi için gereksinim
duyulan bor elementinin eksikliği reaktif oksijen türlerini meydana getirir.
Yüksek bor konsantrasyonunun antioksidan enzim aktivitesini arttırdığı ve
membran fonksiyonlarını reaktif oksijen türlerinin zararlarından koruduğu bilinmektedir.
Çalışmamızın amacı; borik asit uygulanan yeşil çayın farklı dönemlerde hasat
edilen yapraklarındaki biyokimyasal değişikliklerin incelenmesidir. Rize-Çayeli
ilçesinde Çaykur deneme bahçesi 20 parsele ayrıldı. Gruplar,
C. sinensis’e 0 (A grubu), 100 (B
grubu), 300 (C grubu) ve 500 (D grubu) mg/m2 konsantrasyonlarda
borik asit uygulanarak oluşturuldu. Üç farklı hasat döneminde yeşil çay
yaprakları toplandı ve sıvı nitrojende fikse edildi. Yeşil çay ekstrelerinden katalaz (KAT), süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) enzim
aktivitelerinin ve glutatyon (GSH), malondialdehit (MDA) seviyelerinin tayini
yapıldı.
SOD enzim aktivitesi ve GSH seviyesi özellikle
3. hasat döneminde yüksekti, ayrıca B ve D gruplarında A grubuna göre anlamlı
artış vardı (p &lt; 0.05). MDA seviyesinde 1. hasat döneminde B, C ve D
gruplarında, A grubuna göre bir azalma görüldü (p &lt; 0.01). Bulgularımıza
göre, yeşil çay yapraklarının yetiştiği
topraklarda meydana gelen bor eksikliği çayın koruyucu özelliğini düşürebilir.
Bor uygulanan bölgelerden elde edilen çay yaprakları ile antioksidan özelliğine
sahip daha kaliteli ürünler elde edilebilir.
Growth of GaN on a three-dimensional SCAATTM bulk seed by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy using GaCl3
Authors: Iso Kenji , Oozeki Daisuke , Ohtaki Syoma , Murakami Hisashi , Koukitu Akinori 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
GaN with a film thickness of 200–600 μm was grown on the as-grown three-dimensional supercritical acidic ammonia technology (SCAATTM) bulk seed that comprised only semipolar

{
10

1
¯

1
¯

}

planes at a temperature as high as 1390 °C by tri-halide vapor phase epitaxy; further, the GaN film was also characterized. The FWHM value of the X-ray rocking curves was ∼40″, which was almost similar to the value of the used seed. The curvature radii were as large as 40–64 m. Further, the carrier concentrations were observed to be as small as 5.1 × 1017–9.1 × 1017 cm−3. However, the basal plane stacking fault densities were observed to be 3.4 × 101–5.4 × 101 cm−1 and were observed to increase during the growth process because of the as-grown SCAATTM seed surface condition.
Genotypic analyses and virulence characterization ofGlaesserella parasuisisolates from Taiwan
Authors: Lin Wei-Hao , Shih Hsing-Chun , Lin Chuen-Fu , Yang Cheng-Yao , Lin Chao-Nan , Chiou Ming-Tang 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundGlaesserella(Haemophilus)parasuis(G. parasuis) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. MultipleG. parasuisstrains can exist in single animals. Typing techniques are required for identifyingG. parasuisisolates. Different strains within a serovar display varying virulence. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) can assess the heterogeneity. The group 1 virulence-associated trimeric autotransporters (vtaA) gene is an indicator of virulence. The aim of this study was to characterize TaiwaneseG. parasuisisolates via molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR.MethodsOne hundred and forty-five strains were collected between November 2013 and March 2017 in Taiwan and further examined by molecular serotyping, vtaA PCR and ERIC-PCR.ResultsThe dendrogram revealed heterogeneous genetic diversity within many clusters. Partial correlation between the ERIC-PCR clusters of different strains, serovars and lesion patterns was observed. Twelve herds (8.3%) infected with more than one strain. Group 1 vtaA positive rate reached 98.6%.DiscussionThis study showed the high genetic diversity ofG. parasuisin Taiwan by a high discriminatory capability of ERIC-PCR. Group 1 vtaA commonly exists inG. parasuisisolates and may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TaiwaneseG. parasuisisolates.
Aloe vera Bio-Extract Coating Results Better Shelf Life and Fruit Quality Attributes in Pomegranate
Authors: Jena Suchismita , Goyal Ramesh K. , Godhara Anil K. , Mishra Abhilash 
Published: May 2019

Aims: To evaluate the potentiality of bio-extract coatings for achieving extended shelf life with enhance fruit quality attributes in pomegranate under ambient storage condition.
Study Design: The lab experiment conducted in complete randomized design with three repetitions on Mridula cultivar of pomegranate.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted during September 2016 at department of fruit science, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India.
Methodology: Pomegranate freshly harvested fruits were coated with three bio-extracts coatings viz. Aloe vera (50,75 and 100%), ginger (1,2 and 3%) and mints (10,20 and 30%). The coated fruits were stored at ambient room condition in corrugated fiber board boxes for twelve days. Periodically effects of bio-extract coatings, storage period and their interaction were observed for physiological loss in weight, decay loss, juice content, TSS: acid ratio, ascorbic acid content and anthocyanin content.
Results: Surface coating with Aloe vera extract 100% was found most effective in reducing physiological loss in weight (50% less reduction as compared to untreated control) whereas ginger extract 3% in reducing the decay loss of fruits (9.65%) as compared to untreated control (23.36%). Among various treatments, the coating of pomegranate fruits with Aloe vera extract 100% resulted in lowest total soluble solids to acid ratio (32.17%) and significantly highest content of juice (47.17%), anthocyanin (13.98 mg/100 g) and ascorbic acid (12.82 mg/100 g) of the fruits along with highest organoleptic rating. The quality attributes viz. total soluble solids to acid ratio, anthocyanin of fruits increased with progression of storage period, while juice content and ascorbic acid decreased.
Conclusion: Bio-extract coating of Aloe vera (100%) substantially improved the shelf life with retaining better fruit quality attributes under ambient conditions and has the potential to substitute the prevalent chemical coatings for pomegranate.
Plasma Bleomycin Concentrations during Electrochemotherapeutic Treatment of Fibropapillomas in Green Turtles Chelonia mydas
Authors: Donnelly Kyle A. , Papich Mark G. , Zirkelbach Bette , Norton Terry , Szivek Anna , Burkhalter Brooke , Impellizeri Joseph A. , Stacy Nicole I. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis of sea turtles is traditionally treated with surgical debulking techniques that are often associated with prolonged healing and tumor recurrence. Electrochemotherapy was recently described for green turtles Chelonia mydas and can be an alternative to surgery and even general anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to replicate an electrochemotherapy protocol from a previous report and add plasma bleomycin analysis to the treatment. After bleomycin injection into similarly sized tumors of two green turtles and immediate electroporation at two time points, plasma bleomycin reached detectable concentrations that were considerably lower than those found in human studies. At 3 months posttherapy, no healing complications or recurrences were encountered and only scar tissue remained. This study adds further support that electrochemotherapy with bleomycin has the potential to be used as an effective alternative treatment for this complex disease.
Adaptive identification and control of linear periodic systems using second‐level adaptation
Authors: Narendra Kumpati S. , Esfandiari Kasra 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAt the present time, there is a great deal of interest in the adaptive control of systems with rapidly varying parameters. Such problems arise in different forms and in many disciplines including finance, sociology, biology, and engineering. In general, these problems are intractable mathematically and the time variations have to be classified in some form to obtain rigorous results. In this paper, we consider the adaptive identification and control of linear systems with periodically varying parameters (referred to as linear time‐varying periodic (LTP) systems). The class of systems with known periodic parameters has been investigated widely since the pioneering work of Floquet and lends itself to rigorous mathematical analysis. However, very little was known until the early years of the last decade concerning the adaptive control of such systems. The problem was introduced by Xu and explored in detail by Narendra and Zhiling in 2006 and 2009, respectively. In 2012, a new method was introduced in adaptive control by Han and Narendra and is referred to as second‐level adaptation. In this paper, the adaptive identification and control of LTP systems using second‐level adaptation is discussed.
A Robust Nonvolatile Resistive Memory Device Based on a Freestanding Ultrathin 2D Imine Polymer Film
Authors: Liu Jie , Yang Fangxu , Cao Lili , Li Baili , Yuan Kuo , Lei Shengbin , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHere, the synthesis of a wafer‐scale ultrathin 2D imine polymer (2DP) film with controllable thickness from simple benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde (BTA) and p‐phenylenediamine (PDA) building blocks is reported using a Schiff base polycondensation reaction at the air–water interface. The synthesized freestanding 2DP films are porous, insulating, and more importantly, covalently linked, which is ideally suited for nonvolatile memristors that use a conductive filament mechanism. These devices exhibit excellent switching performance with high reliability and reproducibility, with on/off ratios in the range of 102 to 105 depending on the thickness of the film. In addition, the endurance and data retention capability of 2DP‐based nonvolatile resistive memristors are up to 200 cycles and 8 × 104 s under constant voltage stress at 0.1 V. The intrinsic flexibility of the covalent organic polymer enables the fabrication of a flexible memory device on a polyimide film, which exhibits as reliable memory performance as that on the rigid substrate. Moreover, the 2DP‐based memory device shows outstanding thermal stability and organic solvent resistance, which are desirable properties for applications in wearable devices.
Reversible Upconversion Luminescence Modification Based on Photochromism in BaMgSiO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ Ceramics for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Ren Youtao , Yang Zhengwen , Li Mingjun , Ruan Jiufeng , Zhao Jingyuan , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Zhou Dacheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReversible upconversion luminescence modification based on photochromism has received considerable interest due to its potential applications in optical storage and high‐sensitivity optical switches. However, stimulation‐induced bleaching by an external thermal field is generally used for photochromism‐induced reversible upconversion luminescence modification, which limits its practical application. In this work, a gray BaMgSiO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ ceramic is prepared, exhibiting the photochromism from gray to pink color when stimulated by 254 nm light. Interestingly, the pink BaMgSiO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ ceramic can be bleached by either a 473 nm laser or thermal stimulation. The reversible change between gray and pink color exhibits excellent reproducibility over several cycles by alternating between 254 and 473 nm (or thermal) light stimulation. The influence of the reversible photochromism of the BaMgSiO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ ceramic on its upconversion luminescence is investigated. Reversible modification of the upconversion luminescence is demonstrated by alternating between 254 and 473 nm (or thermal) light stimulation. For reversible modulation of the upconversion luminescence, excellent reproducibility is realized after several cycles. As an example, the application of the BaMgSiO4:Yb3+,Tb3+ photochromic ceramic as an anti‐counterfeiting agent is described.
Revisiting Hydroxyalkylation of Phenols with Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Kao Shih‐Chieh , Lin Yi‐Ching , Ryu Ilhyong , Wu Yen‐Ku 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDescribed is a tetrabutylammonium fluoride‐mediated hydroxyalkylation reaction of phenols with cyclic carbonates. This operationally simple method enables the synthesis of a variety of aryl β‐hydroxyethyl ethers in good to excellent yields with a very small amount of catalyst loading (0.1–1 mol%). Of particular note is the efficient conversion of aromatic diols and phloroglucinol to the corresponding bis‐ and tris‐hydroxyethylated products. To further showcase the versatility of this protocol, guaifenesin was prepared with a single step by the condensation of guaiacol and glycerol carbonate. We also developed a flow ethoxylation process permitting the continuous synthesis of multiflorol.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Promoted Direct C−H Cyanoalkylation and Cyanoalkoxylation of Internal Alkenes via Radical C−C Bond Cleavage of Cycloketone Oxime Esters
Authors: Lou Jiang , He Yuan , Li Yunlong , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed alkyl‐Heck‐type cross‐coupling of olefinic C−H bonds has been a challenge in the C−H activation area. Herein, we report FeCl3‐promoted efficient direct C−H cyanoalkylation of internal alkenes, that is, ketene dithioacetals, with cycloketone oxime esters via radical C−C bond cleavage under the redox‐neutral conditions. With CuCl2 as the catalyst under a dioxygen atmosphere direct C−H cyanoalkoxylation of the same internal alkenes was achieved. The cyanoalkylated tetrasubstituted alkene products could be diversely transformed to cyanoalkyl‐funtionalized N‐ and S‐heterocyclic compounds. The mechanistic studies have revealed that these C−H cyanoalkylation and cyanoalkoxylation reactions proceed through a radical pathway.magnified image
The Latent Threat of Community Violence: Indirect Exposure to Local Homicides and Adolescents’ Mental Health in Colombia
Authors: Cuartas Jorge , Roy Amanda L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study examines the relation between adolescents’ indirect exposure to local homicides and mental health disorders and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We employ a sample of 300 adolescents ( representative for Bogotá, Colombia, and geocoded data on violent crimes recorded by the national police. Findings show that one SD increment in local homicides is associated with increments by 0.17 SD in the mental health disorder index and a 0.14 SD increase in the PTSD score index, even after accounting for adolescents’ direct exposure to violence. The estimated effect for PTSD was larger for adolescents’ who were directly exposed to violence and for those living in multidimensionally poor households, whereas no detectable effects were found for adolescents who perceived their residential neighborhood as relatively safe.
Topical corticosteroid irrigations in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Grayson Jessica W. , Harvey Richard J. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has previously been thought to occur secondary to infectious or obstructive etiologies. However, in recent years, primary CRS has been more discretely defined as diffuse airway inflammation, similar to asthma. Adequate medical and surgical therapy are needed to control the inflammation. Our purpose in this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroid treatment.MethodsA focused literature review was conducted and we identified 11 original articles from the years 2013‐2018 evaluating safety or efficacy of topical corticosteroid irrigations.ResultsEleven articles were identified. One study found significant benefit between corticosteroid irrigations versus corticosteroid sprays. Two studies found significant benefit between corticosteroid irrigations compared to saline irrigations while two did not. One study found significant improvement in certain patient populations when using corticosteroid irrigations compared to no irrigation. Five studies found no significant increase in risk of adverse side effects with the use of topical corticosteroids.ConclusionMany factors are associated with efficacious and adequate treatment of primary CRS. The pathology must be correctly diagnosed and be inflammatory in nature. The treatment paradigm should include wide and complete endoscopic sinus surgery for the adequate delivery of topical therapy. Topical therapy should be delivered in large‐volume, low‐pressure devices with adequate dosing. Although there is some systemic absorption, multiple studies have demonstrated that long‐term, daily use of topical corticosteroids does not increase intraocular pressure, suppress the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, or increase the risk of subcapsular cataracts. Therefore, topical corticosteroid irrigations should be considered a part of first‐line medical treatment in postsurgical CRS patients.
Room‐Temperature Activation of H2 by a Surface Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Wang Lu , Yan Tingjiang , Song Rui , Sun Wei , Dong Yuchan , Guo Jiuli , Zhang Zizhong , Wang Xuxu , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) have been implicated in the gas‐phase heterogeneous (photo)catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to CO and CH3OH by In2O3−x(OH)y. A key step in the reaction pathway is envisioned to be the heterolysis of H2 on a proximal Lewis acid–Lewis base pair, the SFLP, the chemistry of which is described as In⋅⋅⋅In‐OH + H2 → In‐OH2+⋅⋅⋅In‐H−. The product of the heterolysis, thought to be a protonated hydroxide Lewis base In‐OH2+ and a hydride coordinated Lewis acid In‐H−, can react with CO2 to form either CO or CH3OH. While the experimental and theoretical evidence is compelling for heterolysis of H2 on the SFLP, all conclusions derive from indirect proof, and direct observation remains lacking. Unexpectedly, we have discovered rhombohedral In2O3−x(OH)y can enable dissociation of H2 at room temperature, which allows its direct observation by several analytical techniques. The collected analytical results lean towards the heterolysis rather than the homolysis reaction pathway.
Bleifreie Halogenid‐Perowskit‐Nanokristalle: Kristallstrukturen, Synthese, Stabilitäten und optische Eigenschaften
Authors: Fan Qianqian , Biesold‐McGee Gill V. , Ma Jianzhong , Xu Qunna , Pan Shuang , Peng Juan , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren gab es rasante Fortschritte bei der Synthese von Bleihalogenid‐Perowskit‐Nanokristallen (NCs) für den Einsatz in Solarzellen, Leuchtdioden, Lasern und Photodetektoren. Sie besitzen eine Reihe faszinierender optischer, excitonischer und Ladungstransporteigenschaften, einschließlich hervorragender Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeuten (PLQY) und abstimmbaren optischen Bandlücken. Die notwendige Verwendung von Blei, einem toxischen Element, gibt jedoch Anlass zu ernsthafter Besorgnis über die zukünftige kommerzielle Entwicklung. Um das Problem der Toxizität zu lösen, wurden in jüngster Zeit intensive Forschungsarbeiten zur Entwicklung bleifreier Halogenid‐Perowskit(LFHP)‐NCs durchgeführt. In diesem Aufsatz geben wir einen Überblick über die derzeit erforschten LFHP‐NCs mit den Schwerpunkten Kristallstruktur, Synthese, optische Eigenschaften und Umgebungsstabilität (z. B. UV‐, Wärme‐ und Feuchtigkeitsbeständigkeit). Darüber hinaus werden Strategien zur Verbesserung der optischen Eigenschaften und Stabilitäten von LFHP‐NCs sowie deren neueste Anwendungen diskutiert.