bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AKIBAT HUKUM REGULASI TENTANG THRESHOLD DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM LEGISLATIF DAN PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAKIndonesia telah menyelenggarakan 11 kali pemilihan umum (pemilu) sejak tahun 1955. Hingga saat ini, rezim hukum pemilu telah melahirkan banyak regulasi dan ketentuan baru, seperti aturan tentang threshold atau ambang batas. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 52/PUU-X/2012 menyatakan bahwa Pasal 208 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemilu Legislatif terkait dengan ambang batas parlemen (parliamentary threshold) sebesar 3,5% tidak berlaku secara nasional. Melengkapi putusan tersebut, Mahkamah Konstitusi melalui Putusan Nomor 14/PUU-XI/2013 menyebutkan bahwa pemilu tahun 2019 berlaku secara serentak, yang secara yuridis berdampak pada pola penerapan threshold. Rumusan masalah yang akan diurai dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana akibat hukum regulasi tentang threshold dalam pemilihan umum legislatif dan pemilihan presiden pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 52/PUU-X/2012 dan Nomor 14/PUU-XI/2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks negara demokrasi, ambang batas atau threshold diterapkan sebagai batas untuk menyaring kandidat anggota legislatif ataupun presiden yang bersifat open legal policy dan diserahkan kepada pembuat undang-undang.Kata kunci: pemilihan umum legislatif, pemilihan presiden, ambang batas. ABSTRACTIndonesia has held 11 general elections since 1955. Up to now, the regime of general electoral law has given birth to many new regulations and provisions, such as regulations on threshold. The Constitutional Court Decision Number 52/PUU-X/2012 states that Article 208 of Law Number 8 of 2012 concerning the Legislative Election with a parliamentary threshold of 3.5% does not apply on a national scale. Complementing the ruling, the Constitutional Court through Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013 states the 2019 general election applies simultaneously that it may bring juridical effect on the pattern of threshold application. The formulation of the problem to be explained in this analysis is how the legal impact of the regulation on threshold in legislative and presidential elections after the issuance of Constitutional Court Decision Number 52/PUU-X/2012 and Number 14/PUU-XI/2013. This analysis uses a normative juridical research method. The results of the study show that in the context of a democratic country, the threshold is applied as a limit to filter out presidential candidates or legislative members, which is open legal policy and submitted to lawmakers. Keywords: legislative election, presidential election, threshold.
Comparative assessment of the dynamics of individual carcinogenic risk for workers of the main professions of wagon repair production
Authors: Efimova Natalya V. , Sudeikina Natalya A. , Motorov Vladimir R. , Kurenkova Galina V. , Lemeshevskaya Elizaveta P. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction.Part of the population working at carcinogenic enterprises is exposed to double exposure to carcinogens (in industrial and domestic conditions), however, studies to assess the total inhalation exposure is practically not carried out.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of the contribution of working environment factors to the formation of individual carcinogenic risk (ICR) for workers in the main professions in the car repair company, including the assessment of the predicted values of occupational risks in the dynamics of work experience.Materials and methods. There was the calculation of the levels of ICR for workers of the main professions in the wagon wheel, wagon meintenance, wagon assembly workshops. The assessment of exposure for workers is given on long-term average concentrations in the air of the working area and on average annual concentrations in the atmospheric air. When calculating the doses of toxicants in the air of the working area, «standard» parameters of pulmonary ventilation for an adult, body weight, work experience in contact with carcinogenic substances — from 1 to 30 years, the number of days in contact — 240, working time — 8 hours (in accordance with the duration of the working day) were used.Results.Workers of major occupations carcinogenic enterprise levels ICR differ in dozens of times. Calculation of ICR at 30-year work experience showed that in all studied main and auxiliary professions the total ICR was in the 4th range (more than 1,0·10–3). Unacceptable values for the predicted ICR for the professions of «painter», «locksmith-electrician», «impregnator», «mechanic of rolling stock» begin with a 5-year work experience, the least carcinogenic is the work of a tinker, whose risk reaches an unacceptable level after 20 years of the work experience. Among the most dangerous jobs should be attributed to the wagon assembly workshop. In contribution to the ICR the leading carcinogens are benzene, nickel, formaldehyde.Conclusions:The problems of monitoring carcinogens in the production environment, expert assessments to prove the professional genesis of malignant neoplasms were considered; it is noted that the rank number of carcinogenic professions of wagon repair production is as follows: painter, electrician, impregnator, mechanic of rolling stock.
Psychological features of patients with vibration disease in the post-contact period
Authors: Kuleshova Marina V. , Pankov Vladimir A. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) occupies a leading place in the overall structure of chronic occupational pathology. High sensitivity to environmental influences, instability of emotional state, hypochondriac features, rigid stereotype of behavior, propensity to depressive states, dissatisfaction with the state which is often considered by patients as disability are revealed in patients with VD. However, there is almost no information about the psychoemotional state of patients in the post-exposure period.The aim of the study was to study the psychological status of patients with VD in the post-exposure period.Materials and methods. The studies were performed in patients with VD from exposure to local vibration in a connected sample (n=20), including the post-exposure period. For the evaluation of psychological status were used: «Scale of assessment of the level of reactive and personal anxiety», an adapted version of the Minnesota multi-factor personal questionnaire (MMPQ), «Lifestyle index «, the variants of coping behavior was investigated using the methodology of E. Heim.Results. Moderate level of reactive and high level of personal anxiety was revealed in patients with post-exposure period. The MMPQ profile throughout the study period is characterized by a neurotic slope. Patients with VD in the post-exposure period more often use relatively adaptive forms of cognitive strategies, the constructiveness of which depends on the significance and severity of the overcoming situation. Among the options for emotional coping is dominated by adaptive forms. A wide range of behavioral strategies, both constructive and non — constructive, was revealed in patients with post-exposure period; there is a relatively narrow range of intense mechanisms of psychological protection, which are represented by their protective forms — «denial», «displacement», «intellectualization» and «reactive formations».Conclusions: The studies show the persistence in the post-exposure period, previously identified in patients with VD of psychological problems that fi t into the framework developed the theory of sensory conflict of Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, when developing long-term adaptive and non-adaptive reaction is complete the formation of the maladaptive psychological states. In the system of prevention of occupational pathology from the effects of vibration, it is necessary to provide measures of psycho-hygienic and psycho- prevention orientation for psychological adaptation of patients.
Evaluation of an integrated approach to the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with occupational occupational chronic mercury intoxication
Authors: Korchuganova Elena N. , Katamanova Elena V. , Slivnitsyna Natalya V. , Kazakova Polina V. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The issues of studying the central nervous system (CNS) damage under the influence of mercury remain relevant at the present time.The aim of the study was to identify the relationship of dissomnic and psychological disorders in patients in the remote post-exposure period of chronic mercury intoxication (ChMI) and to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme of their therapy.Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients in the long-term period with occupational chronic mercury intoxication (CHMI) and 30 patients in the control group (CG), with complaints of sleep disorders without chronic expressed diseases, not in contact with toxic production factors in professional activity, 84 men — residents of the Irkutsk region from the comparison group to assess the health-related quality of life comparable with patients in social and living conditions and not in contact with harmful production factors. A set of clinical, neurophysiological, psychological and statistical methods was used in study.Results. Based on the data of polysomnographic examination revealed differences in the nature and severity of insomnia in patients of these groups. Confirmed the mixed nature of insomniatic disorders in patients with chronic mercury intoxication. Patients CG revealed changes in the structure of night sleep has focused on intracomesa violations. It was found that patients with CHMI suffer from a more severe form of insomnia compared to patients with CG, which is confirmed by the data of medical and psychological testing. High rates of reactive and personal anxiety, moderate levels of depression and asthenic state, as well as low values of estimates on all scales of health-related quality of life (HRQL), including the total physical and mental components, were revealed in patients with CRMI. Research’s scales HRQL in patients CG with sleep disorders did not reveal any significant differences compared with those in the comparison group, indicating medium and high levels of overall quality of life.Conclusions. The adequacy of the use of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures, including two main methods of treatment of insomnia disorders, is proved by improving the quality and quantity of sleep structure and emotional and personal sphere.
Experience in the use of double broncholytic therapy in occupational practice
Authors: Beigel Elena A. , Kuptsova Natalya G. , Katamanova Elena V. , Ushakova Oksana V. , Lakhman Oleg L. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction.Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading nosological forms of occupational respiratory disease. Numerous studies have shown high effectiveness of the combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium (Ultibro®breezhaler®) on the impact on clinical and functional indicators in the treatment of COPD in General practice.The aim of the investigation the case of occupational COPD with the analysis of the dynamics of functional indicators, tolerance to physical load and evaluation of the quality of life of workers engaged in aluminum production by using combination of indacaterol/glycopyrronium.Materials and methods.The random sampling method included 20 men, workers of aluminum production, with the established diagnosis of professional COPD at the age of 40 to 60 years. The survey was conducted (Borg scale, medical Research Council scale (mMRC) and COPD Assessment Test (CAT). Functional methods of studies were conducted: spirometry, body plethysmography, electrocardiography (ECG) and the six-minute stepper test (6-MST).Results.Against the background of 8 weeks of therapy, the volume of forced exhalation for 1 minute (FEV1) increased by 14.7% and amounted to 67.90% of the due values, the forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC) increased by 11.3% and amounted to 76.95% of the due. According to the body plethysmography (BPG) is set to decrease in residual lung volume on average by 13.4% and static hyperinflation, confirmed by the decrease in functional residual volume (FRV) of 18.8%. During the study period increased physical activity of patients. The average difference between the distance traveled in the six-minute step test before and after treatment was 58.8 m. The analysis of personal data showed that the quality of life of patients improved, the total score in the questionnaire CAT at the beginning of the study was 16.9 points, and after 8 weeks decreased by 63% and amounted to 10.7 points.Conclusions:The Results indicate a positive effect of combination therapy with indacaterol/glycopyrronium on the course and progression of occupational COPD.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar dengan Pendekatan Induktif untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Puspandari Indri , Praja Ena Suhena , Muhtarulloh Fahrudin 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakKemampuan representasi matematis berkontribusi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Di lapangan kemampuan representasi matematis masih rendah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berupa modul dengan pendekatan induktif pada materi persamaan linear satu variabel untuk siswa kelas VII SMP/MTs, mengetahui learning obstacle (hambatan belajar) pada materi persamaan linear satu variabel, mengetahui kevalidan dari modul dan pedoman pembelajaran guru, serta apakah terdapat peningkatan sesudah menggunakan modul ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), tetapi dibatasi hanya sampai tahap ADD dan diujicobakan secara terbatas pada kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Tengahtani. Instrumennya adalah soal tes kemampuan representasi matematis, lembar pedoman wawancara, lembar validasi modul dan lembar validasi pedoman pembelajaran guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat learning obstacle saat dilakukan uji coba soal. Kemampuan representasi matematis siswa mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata sebesar 0,37 yang berarti nilai tersebut memiliki interpretasi sedang. Development of Teaching Materials with an Inductive Approach to Enhance the Capability of Mathematical Representation of Middle School StudentsAbstractThe ability of mathematical representation contributes to mathematics learning achievement. In the field, the ability of mathematical representation is still low. This research was conducted to develop teaching materials in the form of modules with an inductive approach to one variable linear equation material for class VII SMP / MTs students, to know the learning obstacle in one variable linear equation material, to know the validity of teacher learning modules and guidelines, and is there an increase after using this module. This study uses the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), but is limited only to the ADD stage and is tested on a limited basis in class VII Tengahtani 1 Public Middle School. The instruments are test questions of mathematical representation abilities, interview guideline sheets, module validation sheets, and teacher learning guideline validation sheets. The results showed that there was a learning obstacle when testing the problem. The ability of mathematical representation of students has increased with an average of 0.37 which means that the value has a moderate interpretation.
Proses Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa Extrovert dan Introvert SMP Kelas VIII Berdasarkan Tahapan Wallas
Authors: Pangestu Nanda Sriretno , Hasti Yunianta Tri Nova 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakKemampuan berpikir kreatif penting bagi siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika dengan variasi cara. Mengenal kepribadian siswa juga berguna untuk memahami motivasi siswa. Tujuan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif ini mendeskripsikan proses berpikir kreatif siswa dengan tipe kepribadian extrovert dan introvert berdasarkan tahapan Wallas. Subjek penelitian yaitu 2 siswa introvert dan 2 siswa extrovert kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga berkemampuan matematika tinggi. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti. Instrumen bantu berupa soal tes, pedoman wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada tahap persiapan subjek extrovert lebih percaya diri bertanya kepada teman mengenai hal yang kurang dipahami, membaca soal dalam hati, sedangkan subjek extrovert selalu bertanya kepada peneliti dan membaca soal dengan bersuara. Pada tahap inkubasi subjek introvert tidak banyak melakukan aktifitas fisik hanya beristihat sejenak dengan merenung dan berdiam diri sedangkan subjek extrovert mununjukkan aktifitas fisik. Tahapan iluminasi subjek introvert dan exstrovert sama-sama mengembangkan ide dengan cara sebelumnya. Pada tahap verifikasi subjek introvert lebih teliti dibanding subjek extrovert namun sama-sama memiliki variasi cara. Secara umum siswa dengan tipe kepribadian extrovert dan introvert telah memenuhi seluruh tahap proses berpikir kreatif Wallas. Mathematical Creativity Thinking Process of Extrovert and Introvert Student at SMP Class VIII Based on Wallas Stages AbstractThe ability to think creatively is important for students in solving mathematical problems in various ways. Getting to know students' personalities is also useful for understanding student motivation. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study describes the creative thinking process of students with extrovert and introverted personality types based on the stages of Wallas. The research subjects were 2 introverted students and 2 class VIII extroverted students of SMP Negeri 3 Salatiga with high mathematical abilities. The main instrument is the researchers. Auxiliary instruments in the form of test questions, interview guidelines, and documentation. The results of the study show that at the preparation stage the extrovert subject is more confident in asking friends about things that are less understood, reading questions in the heart, while extrovert subjects always ask the researcher and read the questions out loud. At the incubation stage, introverted subjects do not do much physical activity, only take a moment to reflect and remain silent while the subject of extroverts shows physical activity. The stages of illumination of an introvert and extrovert subjects are both developing ideas in a previous way. In the verification phase, the introverted subject is more thorough than the extrovert subject but both have various ways. In general, students with extrovert and introvert personality types have fulfilled all stages of Wallas's creative thinking process.
Hemodiyaliz hastalarında intravenöz kalsitrolden oral kalsitrole geçiş: etkili, güvenilir ve maliyet etkin dönüşüm
Authors: DEMİR Mehmet Emin , KARAHAN İrfan 
Published: May 2019

Amaç:
Kronik böbrek hastalığının en önemli komplikasyonlarından biri kemik mineral
bozukluklarıdır. Hastalığın erken evrelerinden itibaren fosfor, D-vitamini,
FGF-23, kalsiyum ve parathormonun (PTH) da dahil olduğu kompleks bir ilişki
içinde sekonder hiperparatiroidi (sHPT) ortaya çıkmaya başlar ve evre
ilerledikçe görülme sıklığı artar. sHPT’nin vücuttaki olumsuz etkilerini
engellemek ve d-vitamini eksikliğini tamamlamak için hastalara D-vitamini
tedavisi verilmesi gerekmektedir. İntravenöz (i.v.) ilaç uygulamaları tablet
formlara göre oldukça maliyetlidir. Çalışmamızda i.v. kalsitrol kullanan uygun
hastaları oral forma değiştirerek kısa dönem sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem:
Çalışmamıza merkezimizde en az 3 aydır hemodiyaliz programında olan ve tek
nefrolog tarafından tedavileri düzenlenen 115 hasta dahil edildi. Son 3 aydır i.v.
kalsitrol kullanan, malnütrisyonu, aktif enfeksiyonu, uzun süre hastane yatışı
gerektirecek tıbbi bir sorunu olmayan, haftada 3 kez 4 saat hemodiyaliz
seanslarına uyumu tam olan hastalar dahil edildi. Son 3 ay içerisinde hedef PTH
150-600 pg/ml, fosfor &lt; 5,6 mg/dl, kalsiyum &lt; 9,5mg/dl altında olacak
şekilde KDIGO 2012 kılavuzlarına göre i.v. kalsitrol dozları düzenlenmişti ve
bu dozlar yine mevcut parametrelere göre oral formlara değiştirildi. Hastalar 3
ay izlendi. 3 aylık ortalama kalsiyum, fosfor, PTH, KTV, albümin, hemoglonin,
alkalen fosfataz (ALP), c-reaktif protein, kalsiyum x fosfor değerleri i.v. ve
oral formlar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Veri kümeleri S.P.S.S versiyon 17 paket
programı kullanılarak değerlendirildi. p&lt;0,05 (%95 güven aralığında) anlamlı
fark olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular:
Çalışma 25 erkek (%56,8), 19 (%43,2) kadın toplam 44 hasta ile tamamlandı.
Hemodiyaliz hastalarının yaklaşık % 56’sı D vitamini almaktaydı. Oral D
vitamini kullanımı % 0 idi. 3 aylık izlem sonunda i.v. formdan oral forma geçiş
ile serum PTH, kalsiyum ve fosfor değerlerinde istatistiksel anlamlı bir
değişim olmadı. Sonuç

Hemodiyaliz
hastalarında D vitamini eksiliği veya sekonder hiperparatiroidinin tedavisinde D
vitamini replasmanı yapılmaktadır. Güncel kılavuzlarda i.v. D vitaminin oral
forma güvenlik ve etkinlik olarak üstün olmadığı vurgulanmakla birlikte çeşitli
nedenlerle klinik pratikte iv form tercih edilmektedir. Çalışmamızda i.v.
kalsitrol formları oral formlara değiştirildi ve kısa dönem sonuçlarının benzer
olduğu gösterildi. Daha pahalı olan i.v. formların oral forma değiştirilmesi
etkili, güvenilir ve maliyet etkin bulundu. Uygun hastalarda göz önünde
bulundurulmalıdır.
Yahya Kemal’de yolculuk ve şiirin varoluş serüveni
Authors: Aka Pınar 
Published: May 2019

Yahya Kemal 1903-1912 yılları arasında dokuz sene boyunca ülkesinden uzakta, Paris’te yaşamıştır. O yıllarda Türk entelektüellerinin gitmeye can attığı bir kenttir Paris. Yahya Kemal için de bu yolculuk, her şeyden önce kültürel bir zorunluluktur. Ancak o, Fransız kültüründen ve genel anlamda Batı medeniyetinden etkilenmekle birlikte, kendi kültürel mirasını gözardı etmeyecek ve Paris’te Osmanlı şiirini ve tarihini inceleyecek, kültürel kimlik meseleleri üzerinde derinden düşünecektir. Diğer taraftan, Yahya Kemal’in yolculuğunun kişisel ve psikolojik bir boyutu da vardır. Bu boyutun en önemli bileşenini şairin henüz on üç yaşındayken kaybettiği annesi oluşturur. Bu yazıda, Yahya Kemal’in yolculuğunun nasıl şiirsel bir yolculuğa dönüştüğü, metaforlar üzerinden gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. ENGLISH ABSTRACTJourney and poetry’s existential adventure in Yahya KemalYahya Kemal has lived far from his country, in Paris, between 1903 and 1912. In those years Turkish intellectuals are longing to go to this town. For Yahya Kemal, this journey is above all, a cultural necessity. Although he is influenced by French culture and by Occidental civilization, he will not neglect his cultural heritage and will study Ottoman poetry and history and will meditate on cultural identity issues during his stay in Paris. In addition, Yahya Kemal’s journey has also a personal and psychological aspect. His mother whom he has lost when he was only thirteen years old constitutes the main component of this aspect. This article aims to show, by way of keeping track of metaphors, how Yahya Kemal’s journey is transformed to a poetic journey.