bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neural mechanisms of social reward in early psychosis
Authors: Fett Anne-Kathrin J , Mouchlianitis Elias , Gromann Paula M , Vanes Lucy , Shergill Sukhi S , Krabbendam Lydia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In chronic psychosis, reduced trust is associated with a neural insensitivity to social reward and reduced theory of mind (ToM). Here we investigate whether these mechanisms could underlie emerging social impairments in early psychosis. Twenty-two participants with early psychosis and 25 controls (male, 13–19 years) participated in two interactive trust games against a cooperative and unfair partner. Region of interest neuroimaging analyses included right caudate, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), involved in reward and ToM processing. Both groups showed similar levels of trust (i.e. investments). However, individuals with psychosis failed to activate the caudate differentially in response to cooperation and unfairness while making decisions to trust. During cooperative returns, patients showed reduced and controls increased caudate activation. Patients demonstrated greater rTPJ activation than controls, possibly pointing towards compensatory mechanisms. Effects were associated with Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence vocabulary scores. No group differences emerged in mPFC activation. Early psychosis is associated with an aberrant neural sensitivity to social reward. This could foster reduced social motivation and social isolation. Absent behavioural differences in early, relative to chronic psychosis could indicate that trust is achieved through increased compensatory demand on ToM.
Effect of innovation policy mix on innovation efficiency: Evidence from Chinese wind power industry chain
Authors: Wang Xiaozhen , Jiang Zihao , Zheng Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Wind power (WP) is a long-term strategic energy alternative for China to cope with energy shortage and environmental crisis. Yet, how innovation policies precisely affect innovation efficiency (IE) of WP industry remains poorly understood. Therefore, based on the micro-data of Chinese WP-listed companies, this article measures the IE of enterprises in different links of wind power industry chain (WPIC), and discusses the effects of innovation policy and its mix on IE. The results show that there exists non-efficiency problems in Chinese WP industry during 2014–7, but the innovation of enterprises in the upstream of WPIC is DEA efficient. IE of enterprises in the midstream presents a U-shape, which fluctuates periodically in downstream. In addition, neither a single policy nor a policy mix has a significant impact on IE of enterprises in the upstream and midstream of WPIC, but has a significant negative effect on that of the downstream.
Orbital Bone Decompression for Non-Thyroid Eye Disease Proptosis
Authors: Limongi Roberto Murillo , Feijó Eduardo Damous , Rodrigues Lopes e Silva Marlos , Akaishi Patrícia , Velasco e Cruz Antônio Augusto , Christian Pieroni-Gonçalves Allan , Pereira Filipe , Devoto Martin , Bernardini Francesco , Marques Victor , Tao Jeremiah P. 
Published: August 2019

Orbital decompression may have a role in improving proptosis in non-thyroid eye disease entities.

Purpose:
To report a multicenter large case series of orbital decompression for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of cases of orbital decompression performed by 9 experienced orbital surgeons from different countries from 2014 to 2017 for non-thyroid eye disease proptosis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) negative vector (high axial length or shallow orbit), 2) inflammatory, and 3) tumor. Types of orbital decompression and Hertel exophthalmometry (preoperative and minimum 6 months postoperative) were recorded. Charts were also assessed for serious complications. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was recorded according to the above groups.

Results:
The analysis included 41 orbits of 29 patients (14 women and 15 men) with a mean age of 38.9 years (ranging from 9 to 74; standard deviation (SD) 15.66). There were 17 orbits of 11 patients in the negative vector group, 16 orbits of 10 patients in the inflammatory group, and 8 orbits of 8 patients in the tumor group. The mean reduction of proptosis was 2.95 mm in the negative vector group, 2.54 mm in the inflammatory group, and 5.75 mm in the tumor group. There were no serious complications.

Conclusions:
Orbital decompression was safe and effective in reducing proptosis for non-thyroid eye disease indications in this series. The amount of exophthalmometry improvement was less in the inflammatory orbitopathy group compared with other proptosis etiology groups.
Successful endoscopic hemoclipping and conservative management for typhoid fever complicated by massive intestinal bleeding and acute pancreatitis
Authors: Cho Joon Hyun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Massive intestinal bleeding as a complication of typhoid fever has rarely been reported due to the advent of antibiotics. In addition, although several literatures have been issued on the use and success of endoscopic modalities in cases of massive typhoid ulcer bleeding, few have described hemostasis by endoscopic hemoclipping.

Patient concerns:
We describe a case of a 61-year-old Korean female who presented acute episodes of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding during admission to local hospital with a provisional diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis. She had returned from a trip to Southeast Asia 3 weeks prior to admission

Diagnoses:
After the result of blood culture was identified as Salmonella typhi, we could make a diagnosis of typhoid fever complicated by massive intestinal bleeding and acute pancreatitis based on elevated serum lipase and computerized tomography (CT) findings.

Interventions:
The patient was treated successfully by two repeat colonoscopic hemostasis procedures involving the deployment of hemoclips on ulcers in the terminal ileum and 10-day course of intravenous ciprofloxacin

Outcomes:
The patient was stable and reported no further episodes of intestinal bleeding or fever during the follow-up time. In addition, acute pancreatitis, which is a rare complication of typhoid fever, resolved without complication on follow-up CT and a laboratory study.

Lessons:
Considering the risk of procedure-related complications such as perforation of the small intestine wall, which become thin and friable due to ulceration, mechanical hemostasis methods, such as hemoclipping, might be safer than coagulation, when the bleeding spot can be identified and is not multiple, as in our case. In addition, our case demonstrates that S. typhi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of massive lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage, especially in the setting of recent travel in South or Southeast Asia.
Association of mRNA expression levels of Cullin family members with prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Liu Aiyu , Zhang Shizhen , Shen Yanwen , Lei Rui , Wang Yannan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cullin proteins couple with RING-finger proteins, adaptor proteins and substrate recognition receptors to form E3 ubiquitin ligases for recognizing numerous substrates and participating in a variety of cellular processes, especially in genome stability and tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic values of Cullins in breast cancer remain elusive.
A “Kaplan–Meier plotter” (KM plotter) online survival analysis tool was used to evaluate the association of individual Cullin members’ mRNA expression with overall survival (OS) in breast cancer patients.
Our results revealed that elevated mRNA expression of CUL4A and PARC were significantly associated with poor OS for breast cancer patients. While high mRNA expression of CUL2, CUL4B, and CUL5 were correlated with better survival for breast cancers.
The associated results suggested that some Cullin members could serve as new predictive prognostic indicators for breast cancer.
Antenatal infection and intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants
Authors: Huang Jinglan , Meng Junjie , Choonara Imti , Xiong Tao , Wang Yibin , Wang Huiqing , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to summarize current evidence evaluating the association between antenatal infection and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants.

Materials and methods:
We searched for published articles on antenatal infection and IVH in 3 English (PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO) and 3 Chinese (VEIPU, CNKI, and WANFANG) databases on May 19, 2019. In addition, the references of these articles were screened. The included studies had to meet all of the following criteria: preterm infants (<37 weeks); comparing antenatal infection with no infection; the outcomes included IVH (all grades), mild IVH, or sereve IVH; the type of study was randomized controlled trial or cohort study.

Results:
A total of 23 cohort studies involving 13,605 preterm infants met our inclusion criteria. Antenatal infection increased the risk of IVH (odds ratios ([OR] 2.18, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.58–2.99), mild IVH (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.09–3.49) and severe IVH (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.52–4.61). For type of antenatal infection, the ORs and 95% CI were as follows: 2.21 (1.60–3.05) for chorioamnionitis, 2.26 (1.55–3.28) for histologic chorioamnionitis, 1.88 (1.22–2.92) for clinical chorioamnionitis, and 1.88 (1.14–3.10) for ureaplasma.

Conclusions:
Antenatal infection may increase the risk of developing IVH in the preterm infant. The evidence base is however of low quality and well-designed studies are needed.
Combination of noninvasive methods in diagnosis of infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis, a retrospective study in China
Authors: Yu Huaying , Li Baijia , Li TinChiu , Zhang Songying , Lin Xiaona 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study means to investigate a combination of noninvasive methods in diagnosis of minimal or mild endometriosis expecting to narrow down the range of laparoscopic exploration for female infertility.
It is a retrospective case control study of totally 447 patients suspected unexplained infertility before surgery were eligible from May 2012 to February 2017. Of these, 299 patients were laparoscopy-proved minimal or mild endometriosis group, the remaining 148 patients served as control group (normal pelvis). Preoperative age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, body mass index, baseline follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, serum CA125, clinical symptoms, findings on vagino-recto-abdominal examinations and pregnancy prognosis had been recorded. Every variable and their combinations were evaluated.
Any single factor had limited diagnostic value. The cut-off value for CA125 was 19.25 IU/L. Parallel testing had a higher sensitivity at 81.3%. Serial tests of vagino-recto-abdominal examination combined with dysmenorrhea or positive CA125 got reasonable sensitivity (51.4% and 49%), remarkable high specificities (95.7% and100%) and Positive Predictive Value (96.4% and 100%). Multivariate logistic regression identified the following factors in decreasing order of importance: (1) vagino-recto-abdominal examinations, (2) CA125, (3) dysmenorrhea, their ORs being 16.148, 3.796, and 2.809, respectively. The spontaneous pregnancy rate (50.8%) in minimal or mild endometriosis was higher than control (35.6%, P = .043).
A combination of noninvasive diagnostic methods had certain preoperative diagnostic value of minimal or mild endometriosis, which might benefit some patients from avoiding laparoscopic surgery.
Serum metabolome and targeted bile acid profiling reveals potential novel biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Ma Zhenhua , Wang Xiaomei , Yin Peiyuan , Wu Ruihong , Zhou Lina , Xu Guowang , Niu Junqi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aims to determine the non-invasive, reliable and sensitive biochemical parameters for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI).
Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) were used to profile the serum metabolome and quantify 15 targeted bile acid metabolites, respectively, in samples obtained from 38 DILI patients and 30 healthy controls.
A comparison of the resulting serum metabolome profiles of the study participants revealed significant differences between DILI patients and healthy controls. Specifically, serum palmitic acid, taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid (GCA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) levels were significantly higher, and serum lysophosphatidylethanolamine levels were significantly lower in DILI patients vs healthy controls (P < .001). Furthermore, the SRM assay of bile acids revealed that the increase in GCA, taurocholic acid (TCA), TUDCA, glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic sulfate (GCDCS), and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) corresponded to a higher degree of liver damage. These results also indicate that serum concentrations of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) were significantly lower in patients with severe DILI, when compared to healthy controls, and that this decrease was closely correlated to the severity of liver damage.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that bile acids could serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and severity of DILI.
Hyperglycemia is associated with poor in-hospital outcome in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Li , Lu Meihua , Hu Wei , Xiu Shuangling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Fasting hyperglycemia is associated with poor neurologic outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but its relationship with in-hospital outcome in elderly patients remains largely unknown. To assess the association of in-hospital outcome with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at admission in individuals with AIS.
This retrospective propensity score-matched case–control study included patients aged over 60 years suffering from AIS and who were admitted to the emergency department from November 2013 to October 2016. Subjects were grouped into the poor-outcome and good-outcome groups based on mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
The poor- and good-outcome groups comprised 74 and 1927 cases, respectively, before propensity score matching (PSM), and 74 and 296 cases, respectively, after PSM. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that initial FPG after admission was associated with poor in-hospital outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that initial FPG after admission was an independent predictor of poor in-hospital outcome (odds ratio = 1.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.037–1.188, P = .003).
This study used PSM and strongly suggests that FPG is an independent predictive factor of poor in-hospital outcome in elderly patients with AIS. High initial FPG levels after admission may predict poor in-hospital outcome. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
The Use of Closing Questions in Qualitative Research
Authors: Sowicz Timothy Joseph , Sefcik Justine S. , Teng Helen L. , Irani Elliane , Kelly Terri-Ann , Bradway Christine 
Published: August 2019

Background
Scarce and differing reasons for including closing questions in qualitative research exist, but how data generated from these questions are used remains uncertain.

Objectives
The purpose of the study was to understand if and how researchers use closing questions in qualitative research, specifically the research questions were: (a) “Why do qualitative researchers include or exclude closing questions during interviews?” and (b) “How do qualitative researchers use data from closing questions?”

Methods
A qualitative descriptive design using a single, asynchronous, web-based, investigator-designed survey containing 14 items was used to collect data. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Codes were developed from the qualitative data. Subcategories were derived from similar codes, and these subcategories were further scrutinized and were used to create broad categories.

Results
The number of respondents per question ranged from 76 to 99; most identified nursing and sociology as their academic disciplines, lived in the United States, and were involved in qualitative research for 1–10 years. Data, the interview, the interviewee, and the interviewer were broad categories to emerge as reasons for including closing questions. Only one respondent reported a reason for excluding closing questions. The uses of closing question data were described in four broad categories: analysis, data, the interview guide, and inquiry.

Discussion
Researchers frequently included closing questions in qualitative studies. The reasons for including these questions and how data are used vary, and support limited previously published literature. One unique reason, adding “new breath” to the interview, emerged. Study findings can aid qualitative researchers in deciding whether to include closing questions.
Does Staged Breast Reduction before Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy Decrease Complications? A Matched Cohort Study between Staged and Nonstaged Techniques
Authors: Salibian Ara A. , Frey Jordan D. , Karp Nolan S. , Choi Mihye 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Nipple-sparing mastectomy in patients with large, ptotic breasts is a reconstructive challenge. Staged breast reduction before prophylactic nipple-sparing mastectomy has been shown to decrease complications; however, a direct comparison of outcomes between staged and nonstaged techniques is lacking.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all patients that underwent staged breast reduction before nipple-sparing mastectomy was conducted. Staged cases were matched to nonstaged nipple-sparing mastectomy cases according to known risk factors for complications. Individual staged cases with appropriate matches in all these categories were then each paired to two nonstaged cases according to the nearest higher and lower mastectomy weight. Staged and nonstaged cohorts were compared with regard to demographics, operative characteristics, and reconstructive outcomes.

Results:
Eighteen staged breast reductions were identified, performed at an average of 5.0 months before nipple-sparing mastectomy. Staged reductions were matched to 36 prophylactic nonstaged reductions. Average combined mastectomy weight (breast reduction and mastectomy weight) in the staged group was significantly higher than in the nonstaged group (992.6 g versus 640 g; p = 0.0004), although isolated mastectomy weights were comparable (607.1 g versus 640.0 g, respectively; p = 0.6311). Major mastectomy flap necrosis rates were significantly lower in the staged cohort than in the nonstaged cohort (0 percent versus 22.2 percent, respectively; p = 0.0415). Rates of minor mastectomy flap necrosis, partial nipple necrosis, and explantation trended lower in the staged cohort.

Conclusion:
In patients with large breast size, staged breast reduction before nipple-sparing mastectomy had significantly lower rates of major flap necrosis compared with nonstaged cases after controlling for other known risk factors for complications.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Changing trends in proportional incidence and net survival of screened and nonscreened breast cancers among women in England
Authors: Wu Haiyan , Wong Kwok , Lu Shou-En , Broggio John , Zhang Lanjing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundUptake of breast cancer screening has been decreasing in England since 2007, and may increase proportional incidence of nonscreened cancers. However, recent trends in proportional incidence and net-survivals of screened and nonscreened breast cancers are unclear.MethodsWe extracted population-based proportional incidence and age-standardized 5-year net-survivals from Public Health England, for English women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed during 1995-2011 (linked to death certificates, followed through 2016). Piecewise log-linear models with change-point/joinpoint were used to estimate temporal trends. We conducted a quasi-experimental study to test the hypothesis that the trend-change year of proportional incidence coincided with that of 5-year net-survival.ResultsAmong 254,063 women in England with invasive breast cancer diagnosed during 1995-2011, there was downward-to-upward trend-change in proportional incidence of nonscreened breast cancers (annual percent change[APC]=5.6 after 2007 versus APC=-3.5 before 2007, P<0.001) in diagnosis-year 2007, when steeper upward-trend in age-standardized 5-year net survival started (APC=5.7 after 2007/2008 versus APC=0.3 before 2007/2008, P<0.001). Net-survival difference of screened versus nonscreened cancers also significantly narrowed (18% in 2007/2008 versus 5% in 2011). Similar associations were found in all strata of race, cancer stage, grade and histology, except in Black patients or patients with stage I, stage III, or grade I cancer.ConclusionsThe downward-to-upward trend-change in proportional incidence of nonscreened breast cancers is associated with steeper upward-trend in age-standardized 5-year net survival among English women in recent years. Survival benefits of breast cancer screening appear decreasing in recent years. The data support reduction of breast cancer screening in some patients.
Smoking, DNA methylation and lung function: a Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate causal relationships
Authors: Jamieson Emily , Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Wootton Robyn E. , Guyatt Anna L. , Battram Thomas , Burrows Kimberley , Gaunt Tom R. , Tobin Martin , Munafò Marcus , Smith George Davey , Tilling Kate , Relton Caroline , Richardson Tom G. , Richmond Rebecca C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhether smoking-associated DNA methylation has a causal effect on lung function has not been thoroughly evaluated. We investigated the causal effects of 474 smoking-associated CpGs on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using methylation quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association data for FEV1. We found evidence of a possible causal effect for DNA methylation on FEV1 at 18 CpGs (p<1.2×10−4). Replication analysis supported a causal effect at three CpGs (cg21201401 (ZGPAT), cg19758448 (PGAP3) and cg12616487 (AHNAK) (p<0.0028). DNA methylation did not clearly mediate the effect of smoking on FEV1, although DNA methylation at some sites may influence lung function via effects on smoking. Using multiple-trait colocalization, we found evidence of shared causal variants between lung function, gene expression and DNA methylation. Findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for improving lung function and possibly smoking cessation, although large, tissue-specific datasets are required to confirm these results.