bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of whole-body radiographs for examining uterine
disorders in sexually intact female rabbits
Authors: Lübke V. Christine , Fehr Michael , Köstlinger Saskia 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective The present study evaluated whole-body radiographs of female
rabbits regarding uterine disorders.
Material and methods Based on radiographs of 143 rabbits, visibility,
size, shape and density of the uterus, nutritional status of the animal and
possible metastasis in other organs were examined. A suspected diagnosis was
deduced. The radiological findings were compared with the results of the
histopathological examination.
Results Especially the nutritional status was important regarding the
visibility of the genital tract. In 99 of the 130 visible uteri (76.2 %), a
pathological alteration was detected. Thereof, endometrial hyperplasia was most
frequently seen (63.6 %), followed by neoplasia (altogether 42.4 %, 39.4 % of
these with adenocarcinoma), endometritis (35.4 %) and other diseases (18.2 %).
Forty-six rabbits showed only one disease, 42 rabbits had two, 10 rabbits three
and one rabbit four different diseases. Among 13 of the 143 uteri that were not
visible in the radiograph four were altered pathologically. In 31 of the 130
rabbits with a visible uterine region (21.7 %) the uterus was unaltered.
Visualising the uterus proved impossible in two of four skinny rabbits (2.8 %),
whereas in all 39 obese rabbits the uterus was visible. Only in one of the four
skinny rabbits was the uterus without pathological findings and six of the 39
obese rabbits showed no pathological alteration, visibility notwithstanding.
Calcification indicated a tumourous occurrence in 23 of 53 cases. Except for one
rabbit, the mineralised neoplasia was an adenocarcinoma (n = 22). Five animals
with calcification in the uterine region showed no abnormalities. Of these, the
calcification of four animals was no longer existent in the radiograph after
ovariohysterectomy. Neoplastic changes in the uterus did not always show
calcification. In 20 of the 44 patients with uterine neoplasia no calcification
was seen. Changes in uterine size occurred in 118 of the 143 rabbits (82.5 %)
and alteration of the uterine shape in 109 of the 143 rabbits (67.1 %).
Conclusion and clinical relevance Thus, the above presented parameters –
especially size, shape and mineralisation – are very important regarding uterine
diseases.
Bewertung der Pansenfüllung von Milchkühen zur Beurteilung
der individuellen Futteraufnahme in der Bestandsbetreuung
Authors: Götze Katharina , Crivellaro Patricia , Pieper Laura , Engelhard Thomas , Staufenbiel Rudolf 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Postpartale Krankheitskomplexe der Milchkuh stehen häufig in
Beziehung mit einer ungenügenden Futteraufnahme (FA) um den Kalbezeitpunkt. Ziel
dieser Studie war, die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Pansenfüllungs(PF)-Score und
der tierindividuellen FA zu untersuchen. Weiterhin sollte geprüft werden, ob der
PF-Score in der Praxis als Maßstab zur Abschätzung der tierindividuellen FA (in
kg Trockenmasse [TM] bzw. Frischmasse [FM] pro Kuh) genutzt werden kann.
Material und Methoden Die PF wurde bei pluriparen Kühen (n = 109) nach dem
durch halbe Noten modifizierten Schema von Zaaijer und Noordhuizen (2003)
täglich zwischen Tag 24 (± 4) ante partum (a. p.) und Tag 9 post partum (p. p.)
sowie an den Tagen 28 (± 2) p. p. und 60 (± 2) p. p. beurteilt. Neben einer
Aufzeichnung der tierindividuellen FA erfolgte deren Messung im
4-Stunden-Rhythmus über 24 Stunden (24-Stunden-Tagesprofile) bei 21 Kühen a. p.
und 10 Kühen p. p.
Ergebnisse Zwischen dem PF-Score und der FA bestand ante und post partum
eine signifikante Beziehung, wobei der Laktationszeitpunkt einen großen Einfluss
auf diesen Zusammenhang hatte. Unmittelbar post partum veränderte sich der
PF-Score bereits bei 3,5 kg zusätzlicher TM-Aufnahme mit einer halben Note.
Dagegen reagierte er ante partum erst, wenn die FA um 18 kg TM herabgesetzt
war.
Schlussfolgerung In der 1. Woche p. p. war der PF-Score ein sensibler
Indikator für die FA. Aufgrund seiner trägen Reaktion ante partum eignete er
sich in diesem Zeitraum nur dazu, Risikotiere zu detektieren, deren FA über
mehrere Tage deutlich reduziert ist.
Klinische Relevanz Die größte Aussagekraft besitzt die Beurteilung der PF
1 Woche p. p. zur Einschätzung des individuellen Anstiegs der FA nach dem
Kalben. Es wird empfohlen, in den ersten 7–9 Tagen p. p. den PF-Score täglich zu
erheben und individuell auszuwerten, um Risikotiere mit verminderter FA zu
detektieren. Ante partum können Kühe, deren FA stark vermindert ist, ebenfalls
detektiert und frühzeitig behandelt werden, um postpartalen Störungen
vorzubeugen. In der Laktation (überprüft an Tag 28 und 60 p. p.) scheint der
PF-Score in Bezug auf die tierindividuelle FA nur eine geringe Aussagekraft zu
besitzen.
Analysis of GDF15 and IGFBP7 in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Support Causality
Authors: Fejzo Marlena , Fasching Peter , Schneider Michael , Schwitulla Judith , Beckmann Matthias , Schwenke Eva , MacGibbon Kimber , Mullin Patrick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective Hyperemesis gravidarum, severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, occurs in up to 2% of pregnancies and leads to significant weight loss, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and ketonuria. It is associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. Familial aggregation studies and twin studies suggest a genetic component. In a recent GWAS, we showed that placentation, appetite, and cachexia genes GDF15 and IGFBP7 are linked to hyperemesis gravidarum (HG). The purpose of this study is to determine whether GDF15 and IGFBP7 are upregulated in HG patients.
Methods We compared serum levels of GDF15 and IGFBP7 at 12 and 24 weeksʼ gestation in women hospitalized for HG, and two control groups, women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP), and women with no NVP.
Results We show GDF15 and IGFBP7 serum levels are significantly increased in women with HG at 12 weeksʼ gestation. Serum levels of hCG are not significantly different between cases and controls. At 24 weeks gestation, when symptoms have largely resolved, there is no difference in GDF15 and IGFBP7 serum levels between cases and controls.
Conclusion This study supports GDF15 and IGFBP7 in the pathogenesis of HG and may be useful for prediction and diagnosis. The GDF15-GFRAL brainstem-activated pathway was recently identified and therapies to treat conditions of abnormal appetite are under intense investigation. Based on our findings, HG should be included.
Recent Developments in Palladium-Catalysed Non-Directed C–H Bond Activation in Arenes
Authors: Jørgensen Kåre , Fernández-Ibáñez M. , Kancherla Sindhu 
Published: February 2019

Over the past decades, organic chemists have focussed on developing new approaches to directed C–H functionalisations, where the site selectivity is steered by the presence of a directing group (DG). Nonetheless, in recent years, more and more non-directed strategies are being developed to circumvent the requisite directing group, making C–H functionalisations more generic. This short review focuses on the latest developments in palladium-catalysed non-directed C–H functionalisations of aromatic compounds.1	Introduction2	C–C Bond Formation2.1	C–H Arylation2.2	C–H Alkylation2.3	C–H Alkenylation2.4	C–H Carbonylation3	C–Heteroatom Bond Formation3.1	C–O Bond Formation3.2	C–N Bond Formation3.3	C–S Bond Formation4	Conclusion
Combining Defects in a Single Nanographene: A Fully Helical Saddle Ribbon
Authors: Cruz Carlos , Castro-Fernández Silvia , Maçôas Ermelinda , Millán Alba , Campaña Araceli 
Published: February 2019

The controlled preparation of well-defined distorted nanographenes by a bottom-up approach based on organic synthesis permits the direct establishment of unprecedented structure–property relationships in carbon nanostructures. The simultaneous incorporation of various defects in nanographenes affords highly curved structures with novel or enhanced photophysical properties. In this sense, we recently reported a fully helical and saddle-shaped nanographene ribbon containing the first undecabenzo[7]helicene unit. Both its linear and nonlinear optical properties are enhanced in comparison with those of other partially π-extended [7]helicenes. Moreover, the new superhelicene exhibits the highest emission dissymmetry factor (g
lum) reported to date for a homochiral nanographene. The combination of both nonlinear and chiroptical properties in nanographenes opens up new possible future applications for those distorted nanostructures.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Embedded Seven-Membered Rings3	Combination of Defects: Seven-Membered Rings and π-Extended Helicenes4	Conclusions and Outlook
Two Clinical Experiences with a New Sarcode: Potentised Mitral Valve in LM Potencies
Authors: Kara Shamini , Wadhwani Gyandas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSarcodes are an important part of homeopathic materia medica, but their use is ambiguous. Mitral valve is yet another addition to the list but lacking in guidelines for therapeutic application based on homoeopathic drug proving data. Two clinical cases are outlined that empirically received potentised mitral valve in ascending LM potencies and experienced an improved quality of life that was corroborated with outcome in relation to impact of daily living (ORIDL). Potentised mitral valve may be a valuable addition to our materia medica after it has been proved according to homoeopathic guidelines.
Endoscopic Resection of a Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma via a Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Hitti Frederick Luke , Lee John Y.K. 
Published: February 2019

A variety of lesions may arise within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Schwannomas and meningiomas are most commonly found in this location. Imaging characteristics of meningiomas include hyperdensity on head computed tomography (CT) and avid contrast enhancement on T1-weighted postcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we present the case of a 49-year-old woman with enlarging right CPA meningioma. The patient reported mild hearing loss on the right but her neurological exam was otherwise benign. Since the lesion was enlarging and symptomatic, the patient was offered resection of the mass for diagnosis and treatment via an endoscopic retrosigmoid approach. We provide a video that illustrates the steps taken to resect this mass endoscopically. After cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was drained to achieve brain relaxation, the tumor was visualized. The tumor had a rich vascular supply and had the appearance of a typical meningioma. The bipolar was used to cauterize the tumor's vascular supply. The tumor capsule was then opened with the microscissors. The round knife, suction, and ultrasonic tissue debrider were used to debulk the tumor. After internal debulking of the tumor, the capsule was dissected off the cerebellum and mobilized. A combination of blunt and sharp dissection was done to free the tumor capsule from the adjacent structures. Inferiorly, the lower cranial nerves were visualized. Tissue pathology confirmed a diagnosis of grade I meningioma. A gross total resection was achieved and the patient remained neurologically stable, postoperatively. Furthermore, T1-weighted postcontrast brain MRI, 1 year after surgery, showed no residual.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/X9c_inLp-So.
Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Case Report
Authors: Jain Shruti , Lamba Chetna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is the most frequent type of neuropathic facial pain affecting one or more branches of trigeminal nerve. Here, a 51-year-old woman diagnosed with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) presented with complaints of pain over right side of the face with redness of the eyes and excessive lachrymation since 5 years with weekly acute episodes of shooting pain. Chelidonium was chiefly prescribed followed by few doses of Spigelia as per indications which provided adequate pain relief. The complaints flared up following stressful circumstances for which Pulsatilla was prescribed after detailed case taking. The frequency, duration and intensity of pain reduced after homoeopathic treatment. The need for conventional medicine was also reduced. This suggests positive role of individualised homoeopathy in the treatment of ITN. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate the role of homoeopathy in ITN.
Redox and pH gradients drive amino acid synthesis in iron oxyhydroxide mineral systems
Authors: Barge Laura M. , Flores Erika , Baum Marc M. , VanderVelde David G. , Russell Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Amino acids are formed from simple organic precursors in iron oxyhydroxide mineral systems that contain geochemical gradients. Redox and pH gradients significantly impact reaction pathways: Amino acids only form when the mineral contains both oxidized and reduced iron, and when the surrounding solution is alkaline. This shows that aqueous, partially reducing iron mineral systems (which would have been common in early-Earth seafloor/vent environments) could have facilitated synthesis and concentration of prebiotic organic molecules relevant for the emergence of life. It also suggests that geochemical gradients in vent environments can drive product selectivity for prebiotic chemistry, perhaps leading to more complex organic reaction systems as these molecules continue to diffuse and react under different conditions within the gradients.
Insights into histidine kinase activation mechanisms from the monomeric blue light sensor EL346
Authors: Dikiy Igor , Edupuganti Uthama R. , Abzalimov Rinat R. , Borbat Peter P. , Srivastava Madhur , Freed Jack H. , Gardner Kevin H. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
All living things must sense and react to their environment. Many single-celled organisms do so by using two-component systems, most simply consisting of a sensor histidine kinase and a response regulator. These systems are involved in pathogenicity pathways and can be targeted by new antibiotics. However, the molecular mechanisms used by histidine kinases to translate sensing into responses are not well understood. To probe this general question, we apply a combination of biophysical techniques to a monomeric histidine kinase that senses blue light to determine the structural changes occurring upon activation. We find these changes to be similar to those predicted for the common dimeric histidine kinases, illustrating that the mechanism of activation is conserved regardless of oligomeric state.
Nitrogen-fixing red alder trees tap rock-derived nutrients
Authors: Perakis Steven S. , Pett-Ridge Julie C. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Tree species that form symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria can naturally fertilize forests by converting atmospheric nitrogen gas into plant-available forms. However, other mineral nutrients that plants require for growth are largely locked in bedrock, and are released only slowly into soil. We used strontium isotopes to trace nutrient sources for six common tree species in a temperate rainforest, including one species from a globally widespread genus known for high rates of biological nitrogen fixation. We found that trees capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen gas were also best able to directly access mineral nutrients from bedrock. This gives nitrogen-fixing trees the unique ability to provide the full suite of essential nutrients required to fuel growth and carbon uptake in forest ecosystems.
Limits to the world’s green water resources for food, feed, fiber, timber, and bioenergy
Authors: Schyns Joep F. , Hoekstra Arjen Y. , Booij Martijn J. , Hogeboom Rick J. , Mekonnen Mesfin M. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Precipitation over land partitions into runoff via surface water and groundwater (blue water) and evapotranspiration (green water). We expand the traditional debate on water scarcity, which solely focuses on blue water, by assessing green water scarcity. The current debate on water scarcity is heavily skewed, since it leaves unnoticed the bulk of water availability––which is green––and the bulk of water use––which is also green. Green water is the main source of water to produce food, feed, fiber, timber, and bioenergy. Thus, to understand how freshwater scarcity constrains the production of these vital goods, explicating and including (limits to) green water use is imperative.
Recovery from tachyphylaxis of TRPV1 coincides with recycling to the surface membrane
Authors: Tian Quan , Hu Juan , Xie Chang , Mei Kaidi , Pham Cuong , Mo Xiaoyi , Hepp Régine , Soares Sylvia , Nothias Fatiha , Wang Yuanyuan , Liu Qiang , Cai Fen , Zhong Bo , Li Dongdong , Yao Jing 
Published: February 2019

Significance
TRPV1 ion channel plays an important role in the transmission and modulation of pain. Desensitization of TRPV1 in nociceptors is adaptable for analgesic therapy. One type of desensitization is tachyphylaxis that reflects reduced TRPV1 responses to repetitive stimuli. To understand the mechanism underlying the whole-cell tachyphylaxis, here we used an orthogonal electro-optical approach integrating electrophysiology and light-sheet microscopy. We show that the intensity of tachyphylaxis is regulated by the strength of inducing stimulation, and that TRPV1 channels undergo activity-gated recycling to regulate their surface expression level thereby the degree of tachyphylaxis. This study provides real-time insights into the establishment of tachyphylaxis and helps to understand desensitization-based analgesics.
Vortex-induced dispersal of a plant pathogen by raindrop impact
Authors: Kim Seungho , Park Hyunggon , Gruszewski Hope A. , Schmale David G. , Jung Sunghwan 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceUnderstanding the spread of spores of plant pathogens, some of which may serve as potential human allergens, is of great importance to plant and animal health. Raindrop impact is known to be a mechanism for dispersing micron-sized pathogenic spores. However, previous studies have focused only on wet splash droplets formed by raindrop impact, which our results suggest are only a minor contributor to spore dispersal. Our experiments show the importance of air vortices resulting from the drop impacts to disperse spores beyond the laminar boundary layer, with the potential for transport over long distances.
Monte Carlo simulations of out-of-field surface doses due to the electron streaming effect in orthogonal magnetic fields
Authors: Malkov Victor N , Hackett Sara L , Wolthaus Jochem W H , Raaymakers Bas W , van Asselen Bram 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The out-of-field surface dose contribution due to backscattered or ejected electrons, focused by the magnetic field, is evaluated in this work. This electron streaming effect (ESE) can contribute to out-of-field skin doses in orthogonal magnetic resonance guided radiation therapy machines.
Using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo package, a phantom is set-up along the central axis of an incident 10

10 cm2 7 MV FFF photon beam. The phantom exit or entry surface is inclined with respect to the magnetic field, and an out-of-field water panel is positioned 10 cm away from, and centered on, the isocenter. The doses from streaming backscattered or ejected electrons, for either a 0.35 T or 1.5 T magnetic field, are evaluated in the out-of-field water panel for surface inclines of 10, 30, and 45°.
The magnetic field focuses electrons emitted from the inclined phantom. Dose distributions at the surface of the out-of-field water panel are sharper in the 1.5 T magnetic field as compared to 0.35 T. The maximum doses for the 0.35 T simulations are 23.2%, 37.8%, and 39.0% for the respective 10, 30, and 45° simulations. For 1.5 T, for the same angles, the maximum values are 17.1%, 29.8%, and 35.8%. Dose values drop to below 2% within the first 1 cm of the out-of-field water phantom. The phantom thickness is an important variable in the magnitude of the ESE dose.
The ESE can produce large out-of-field skin doses and must be a consideration in treatment planning in the MRgRT work-flow. Treatments often include multiple beams which will serve to spread out the effect, and many beams, such as anterior–posterior, will reduce the skin dose due to the ESE. A 1 cm thick shielding of either a bolus placed on the patient or mounted on the present RF coils would greatly reduce the ESE dose contributions. Further exploration of the capabilities of treatment planning systems to screen for this effect is required.
A Primer on AmpC β-Lactamases: Necessary Knowledge for an Increasingly Multidrug-resistant World
Authors: Tamma Pranita D , Doi Yohei , Bonomo Robert A , Johnson J Kristie , Simner Patricia J ,   Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group, Tamma P D , Doi Y , Bonomo R A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Understanding the nuances of AmpC β-lactamase–mediated resistance can be challenging, even for the infectious diseases specialist. AmpC resistance can be classified into 3 categories: (1) inducible chromosomal resistance that emerges in the setting of a β-lactam compound, (2) stable derepression due to mutations in ampC regulatory genes, or (3) the presence of plasmid-mediated ampC genes. This review will mainly focus on inducible AmpC resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Although several observational studies have explored optimal treatment for AmpC producers, few provide reliable insights into effective management approaches. Heterogeneity within the data and inherent selection bias make inferences on effective β-lactam choices problematic. Most experts agree it is prudent to avoid expanded-spectrum (ie, third-generation) cephalosporins for the treatment of organisms posing the greatest risk of ampC induction, which has best been described in the context of Enterobacter cloacae infections. The role of other broad-spectrum β-lactams and the likelihood of ampC induction by other Enterobacteriaceae are less clear. We will review the mechanisms of resistance and triggers resulting in AmpC expression, the species-specific epidemiology of AmpC production, approaches to the detection of AmpC production, and treatment options for AmpC-producing infections.
Tick-borne Encephalitis Vaccine Failures: A 10-year Retrospective Study Supporting the Rationale for Adding an Extra Priming Dose in Individuals Starting at Age 50 Years
Authors: Hansson Karin E , Rosdahl Anja , Insulander Mona , Vene Sirkka , Lindquist Lars , Gredmark-Russ Sara , Askling Helena H 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Southern Sweden is endemic for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), with Stockholm County as one of the high-risk areas. Our aim in this study was to describe cases of vaccine failures and to optimize future vaccination recommendations.

Methods
Patients with TBE were identified in the notification database at the Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention in Stockholm County during 2006–2015. Vaccine failure was defined as TBE despite adherence to the recommended vaccination schedule with at least 2 doses. Clinical data were extracted from medical records.

Results
A total of 1004 TBE cases were identified, 53 (5%) were defined as vaccine failures. In this latter group, the median age was 62 years (6–83). Forty-three (81%) patients were aged &gt;50 years and 2 were children. Approximately half of the patients had comorbidities, with diseases affecting the immune system accounting for 26% of all cases. Vaccine failures following the third or fourth vaccine dose accounted for 36 (68%) of the patients. Severe and moderate TBE disease affected 81% of the cases.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the largest documented cohort of TBE vaccine failures. Vaccine failure after 5 TBE vaccine doses is rare. Our data provide rationale for adding an extra priming dose to those aged ≥50 years.