bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical stratification of moth communities in a deciduous forest in Belgium
Authors: De Smedt Pallieter , Vangansbeke Pieter , Bracke Rani , Schauwvliege Warre , Willems Luc , Mertens Jan , Verheyen Kris 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Moths are a diverse and abundant species group, playing important functional roles in many terrestrial ecosystems, as pollinators, herbivores and as bulk food for many other taxa.

Forests are complex ecosystems and beside horizontal variation, they exhibit a very diverse vertical structure, creating a matrix of micro‐niches along the vertical gradient. One could expect that this results in varying moth community assemblages, but the vertical distribution and underlying mechanisms have hardly been investigated in temperate forest ecosystems.

We sampled macro‐moths on a weekly basis for 14 months on a tower in an ancient deciduous forest in Belgium. Alternatingly light and bait traps were used at ground level and at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 m height in the forest. We analysed total moth abundance along the vertical gradient and distribution patterns of individual species and families, using generalised linear mixed‐effects models.

We demonstrated a strong vertical stratification, resulting in distinct moth communities in different strata. The observed patterns were non‐random but related to specific response traits of the species. Notably, we found large differences between families; whereas Geometridae‐moths were much more abundant at ground level, Noctuidae showed a preference for both the ground level and the canopy layer.

Comparing species‐specific patterns within families revealed strong differences between species. We welcome future research to further document vertical stratification patterns and unravel the different underlying mechanisms.
Low dielectric lossBST/PTFEcomposites for microwave applications
Authors: Jiang Pengfen , Bian Jianjiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBa0.3Sr0.475Ce0.03La0.12Ti0.997Mn0.003O3/Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were prepared using powder processing technique. The effects of the ceramic filler volume fraction and the coupling agent on the phase composition, microstructure, dielectric and thermal properties of the composites were investigated in this paper. The ceramic filler dispersion in thePTFEmatrix, thus the dielectric loss, permittivity, and dimensional thermal stability of the composite was considerably improved by the modification ofBSTfiller surface using phenyl trimethoxy silane (PTMS) coupling agent. Variation of the dielectric permittivity of the composite with composition was well fitted by the effective medium theory (EMT) model in the experimental compositional range. The obtained silane‐treated composite with 0.5 VfBSTexhibits extremely low dielectric loss:εr = 16, tanδ = 5.4 × 10−4@1MHz and 5.16 ± 0.6 × 10−3@ 10GHz. TheCTEof the composites was reduced to 43 ppm/°C.
The influence of sonication time on the biogenic amines formation as a critical point in uncured dry‐fermented beef manufacturing
Authors: Wójciak Karolina M. , Stasiak Dariusz M. , Stadnik Joanna , Ferysiuk Karolina , Kononiuk Anna 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this study, the influence of sonication time on the biogenic amines formation as a critical point in uncured dry‐fermented beef manufacturing was studied. Samples of musculus semimembranosus were sonicated at different times (5 and 10 min) using ultrasound cold bath (4 °C) in acid whey (US 40 kHz and acoustic power 480 W). The effect of sonication on biogenic amine (BA) formation was investigated during 93 days of ripening period. Other parameters (pH value, water activity, microbial counts) that might provide further information on the product under study were also determined. The use of ultrasound during beef marinating in acid whey has a positive effect on retarding histamine (HIS), cadaverine (CAD), tyramine (TYR) and putrescine (PUT) formation. Moreover, the sonication treatment did not inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in dry‐fermented beef during the whole ripening period. The pathogen bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium sp., Listeria monocytogenes) were not detected in all samples neither after 31 nor after 93 days of ripening period.
Integration of a clinical pharmacist into a Canadian, urban emergency department: a prospective observational study
Authors: Dryden Lindsay , Dewhurst Norman F 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the clinical and cost implications generated by a newly integrated ED pharmacist in a Canadian urban, university-affiliated tertiary care hospital.

Methods
A pharmacist documented all interventions that took place over a 5-week period. Interventions were assessed by a review panel for clinical significance and probability of harm had the intervention not occurred. Direct medication cost and cost avoidance as a result of interventions were calculated.

Key findings
The ED pharmacist made 421 interventions during the study period, 204 (48%) interventions were accepted at the time they were presented to the prescriber. After review, 53.9% of interventions were considered significant, and 52.9% were given a probability of patient harm of ≥50% had the intervention not occurred. Interventions resulted in an increase in direct medication costs of $1270, but generated a cost avoidance of $160 709. The projected direct medication cost estimate for one year was $13 208 with a cost avoidance of over $1.6 million.

Conclusion
The integration of a pharmacist into a Canadian ED resulted in patient care interventions that were assessed as clinically significant, with a substantial projected cost avoidance.
La distribution des salaires selon la taille de l'entreprise: illustration par le cas des États‐Unis
Authors: COSIC Damir 
Published: August 2018

RésuméLa hausse des disparités salariales aux États‐Unis est abondamment documentée, et expliquée par divers facteurs. L'auteur s'intéresse au rôle en la matière de la taille de l'entreprise, un aspect souvent négligé. Il décompose l'écart dans l'évolution des distributions salariales estimées pour les différentes catégories d'entreprises (grandes, petites et moyennes) en isolant l'effet des caractéristiques observées, celui de leur rendement et les inégalités résiduelles. Il observe une convergence entre les différents types d'entreprises sur la période 1992–2012, ainsi qu'un accroissement global des disparités, tiré par l'évolution dans le haut de la distribution et dans les grandes entreprises, où le poids des inégalités résiduelles est majoré.
La distribución salarial y su relación con el tamaño de la empresa. El caso de los Estados Unidos
Authors: COSIC Damir 
Published: August 2018

ResumenLa desigualdad salarial en los Estados Unidos ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones que no han tenido en cuenta la relación entre el tamaño de empresa y la distribución salarial. En el presente estudio se descomponen las diferencias salariales entre grandes, medianas y pequeñas empresas de 1992 a 2012, identificando los efectos y rendimientos de las características observadas de los trabajadores, así como la desigualdad residual. En ese periodo los tres tamaños de empresa convergieron hacia una mayor uniformidad y hubo un aumento generalizado de la desigualdad salarial, principalmente en la mitad superior de la distribución y en las grandes empresas, que presentan el mayor nivel de desigualdad residual.
A matheuristic for the MinMax capacitated open vehicle routing problem
Authors: Lysgaard Jens , López‐Sánchez Ana Dolores , Hernández‐Díaz Alfredo G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the MinMax‐COVRP (where COVRP is capacitated open vehicle routing problem) is considered as a variation of the COVRP where the objective is to minimize the duration of the longest route. For the purpose of producing high‐quality solutions, elements from the fields of mathematical programming and metaheuristics are combined, resulting in a matheuristic for solving the MinMax‐COVRP. The matheuristic benefits from the diversification produced by a metaheuristic and the intensification from mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP). The initial solution provided by a multistart heuristic is used to seed and accelerate the MILP in which a local branching framework and the separation of k‐path inequalities are suitably combined. Computational experience shows promising results not only improving the initial solution provided by the multistart algorithm, but also ensuring optimality for most of the small‐ and medium‐sized instances.
Electronically conductive porous TiN ceramics with enhanced strength by aqueous gel‐casting
Authors: Chen Fei , Jia Mingyong , Huang Mei , Shen Qiang , Lavernia Enrique J. , Zhang Lianmeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we report on a study of electronically conductive porous TiN ceramics prepared by aqueous gel‐casting. The effects of solid loading, sintering temperature, and sintering aids on the phase composition, microstructure, and volume fraction of porosity of the prepared porous TiN ceramics are studied. The SEM results show that porosity is uniformly distributed in all of the samples studied. With increasing solid loading and sintering temperature, the volume fraction of porosity decreases slowly. Moreover, the relationship between volume fraction of porosity and mechanical and electrical properties has also been investigated. Our results show that adding Y2O3‐TiO2 as combined sintering aids results in a sharp decrease in the volume fraction of porosity, and the volume fraction range changes from 42%‐60% to 28%‐52%. Moreover, adding sintering aids results in an increase in flexural strength and electrical conductivity with a change in maximum value from 34.6 MPa and 2.3 × 104 S∙m−1 to 101.6 MPa and 5.1 × 104 S∙m−1, respectively.
Yb2Si2O7 Environmental barrier coatings with reduced bond coat oxidation rates via chemical modifications for long life
Authors: Lee Kang N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSpallation of environmental barrier coating (EBC) induced by thermally grown oxide (TGO) resulting from steam oxidation is a key EBC failure mode. A logical approach to improve EBC life, therefore, is to reduce TGO growth rates. A study was undertaken to investigate whether TGO growth rates can be reduced by adding modifier oxides. It was based on a hypothesis that modifier oxides dissolve in SiO2 TGO and modify the SiO2 structure, making the TGO less permeable to oxidants. Using a current state‐of‐the‐art EBC (Si/Yb2Si2O7) as the baseline, the Yb2Si2O7 layer was modified by adding Al2O3 or Al2O3‐containing oxide compounds, such as mullite and YAG (Y3Al5O12), and TiO2. EBCs were processed using air plasma spraying. Steam oxidation tests and post‐oxidation test oxidation kinetics, chemistry, microstructure, and phase analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The best modified EBC reduced the TGO thickness by ~87% compared with that of the baseline EBC in 90% H2O + 10% O2 at 1316°C under thermal cycling. Correlations between oxidation kinetics, chemistry, and microstructure of EBC and TGO were used to explain the effect of modifier oxides on reducing TGO growth rates.
Microhardness and optical property of chalcogenide glasses and glass‐ceramics of the Sn–Sb–Se ternary system
Authors: Xue Xuning , Chen Feifei , Lin Changgui , Lin Ruiqiang , Zhang Xiaoyu , Dai Shixun , Zhang Xianghua , Ji Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe microhardness of chalcogenide glasses (ChGs) of the Sn–Sb–Se (SSS) ternary system was investigated, and the correlation of microhardness with the mean coordination number of the SSS ChGs was determined. To prepare infrared‐transparent SSS glass‐ceramics (GCs), two SSS ChGs (A, Sn6.23Sb14.11Se79.66; B, Sn9.8Sb17.22Se72.98; by molar composition) were selected and thermally treated at 433 and 448 K, respectively. The improved microhardness (with values that increased by 11.5% and 7.3% for SSS ChG A and B, respectively) of the resulting SSS GCs is attributed to the formation of Sb2Se3 nanocrystals.
Fabricating ceramics with embedded microchannels using an integrated additive manufacturing and laser machining method
Authors: Hong Yuzhe , Lei Jincheng , Heim Michael , Song Yang , Yuan Lei , Mu Shenglong , Bordia Rajendra K. , Xiao Hai , Tong Jianhua , Peng Fei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of an innovative method to fabricate flexibly embedded microchannels in bulk ceramics of complex geometries. This innovative method is an integration of extrusion freeforming (EFF) and picosecond (PS) laser machining. The bulk ceramic green body of complex geometries was fabricated using the extrusion method. After one green layer was extruded, in‐plane microchannels with variable cross‐section sizes and aspect ratios were fabricated using a picosecond laser. After the microchannels were fabricated, a cover layer was extruded. The green state processed structures ceramics were pressurelessly sintered to a bulk density of ~94%. In this paper, sinuous channels, channel networks, and patterns have been demonstrated. Vertical channels can also be drilled using the picosecond laser layer‐by‐layer with uniform diameters. The wall between the neighboring channels can be as thin as ~60 μm without any observable defects after firing. With the correct paste rheology, the cover layer did not sag into the microchannels and the bonding between layers was excellent. We did not observe any debonding between layers. During extrusion, the gaps between the adjacent filaments can be eliminated by controlling the filament spacing and the distance between needle tip and substrate. After firing, microchannels did not distort or collapse. The laser can cut through multiple layers without damage to the bonding between layers. Due to the uniform shrinkage during pressureless sintering, the green shapes of the microchannels were well preserved.
Does functional diversity increase effectiveness of community care teams? The moderating role of shared vision, interaction frequency, and team reflexivity
Authors: Hofhuis Joep , Mensen Monique , ten Den Lydia M. , van den Berg Annemieke M. , Koopman‐Draijer Marieke , van Tilburg Marianne C. , Smits Carolien H. M. , de Vries Sjiera 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAs interprofessional collaboration becomes more commonplace in health and social care, both scholars and practitioners are searching for ways to make the most out of functionally diverse teams. Earlier research has shown that the presence of different functional backgrounds may lead teams to perform better, because they have a larger pool of knowledge and experience to draw from. Other studies show, however, that functional diversity increases categorization, reduces team cohesion, and complicates interpersonal communication, thereby reducing performance. It remains unclear under which conditions positive or negative outcomes may occur. The present research tested the influence of functional diversity on team identity, team performance, and client satisfaction, and examined factors which may moderate these relationships. Based on earlier studies in this specific context, we focused on three team processes as possible moderators: shared vision, interaction frequency, and team reflexivity. In a survey among health and social care professionals working in community care teams in the Netherlands (n = 167), all three are shown to moderate the relationship between functional diversity and team effectiveness. In the absence of these processes, functional diversity appears to reduce team outcomes, whereas when these processes are present, the relationships are positive. In sum, in order for community care teams to reap the benefits of functional diversity, it is essential that members develop a shared vision, interact frequently, and practice team reflexivity.
IGF2‐derived miR‐483‐3p associated with Hirschsprung's disease by targeting FHL1
Authors: Zhi Zhengke , Zhu Hairong , Lv Xiaofeng , Lu Changgui , Li Yang , Wu Feng , Zhou Lingling , Li Hongxing , Tang Weibing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHSCR (Hirschsprung's disease) is a serious congenital defect, and the aetiology of it remains unclear. Many studies have highlighted the significant roles of intronic miRNAs and their host genes in various disease, few was mentioned in HSCR although. In this study, miR‐483‐3p along with its host gene IGF2 (Insulin‐like growth factor 2) was found down‐regulated in 60 HSCR aganglionic colon tissues compared with 60 normal controls. FHL1 (Four and a half LIM domains 1) was determined as a target gene of miR‐483‐3p via dual‐luciferase reporter assay, and its expression was at a higher level in HSCR tissues. Here, we study cell migration and proliferation in human 293T and SH‐SY5Y cell lines by performing Transwell and CCK8 assays. In conclusion, the knockdown of miR‐483‐3p and IGF2 both suppressed cell migration and proliferation, while the loss of FHL1 leads to opposite outcome. Furthermore, miR‐483‐3p mimics could rescue the negative effects on cell proliferation and migration caused by silencing IGF2, while the FHL1 siRNA may inverse the function of miR‐483‐3p inhibitor. This study revealed that miR‐483‐3p derived from IGF2 was associated with Hirschsprung's disease by targeting FHL1 and may provide a new pathway to understand the aetiology of HSCR.
Biology, role and therapeutic potential of circulating histones in acute inflammatory disorders
Authors: Szatmary Peter , Huang Wei , Criddle David , Tepikin Alexei , Sutton Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHistones are positively charged nuclear proteins that facilitate packaging of DNA into nucleosomes common to all eukaryotic cells. Upon cell injury or cell signalling processes, histones are released passively through cell necrosis or actively from immune cells as part of extracellular traps. Extracellular histones function as microbicidal proteins and are pro‐thrombotic, limiting spread of infection or isolating areas of injury to allow for immune cell infiltration, clearance of infection and initiation of tissue regeneration and repair. Histone toxicity, however, is not specific to microbes and contributes to tissue and end‐organ injury, which in cases of systemic inflammation may lead to organ failure and death. This review details the processes of histones release in acute inflammation, the mechanisms of histone‐related tissue toxicity and current and future strategies for therapy targeting histones in acute inflammatory diseases.
Improvement in treatment satisfaction after switching from liraglutide to dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Takase Takahiro , Nakamura Akinobu , Yamamoto Chiho , Nomoto Hiroshi , Miya Aika , Dannoura Midori , Cho Kyu Yong , Kurihara Yoshio , Manda Naoki , Aoki Shin , Atsumi Tatsuya , Miyoshi Hideaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe compared treatment satisfaction in type 2 diabetes patients taking daily and weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists.Materials and MethodsThe study was a 12‐week, multicenter, open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison trial. The participants were Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes being administered with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, daily for >3 months. Patients were randomly assigned to either continue taking liraglutide once daily (Lira group) or switch to dulaglutide once weekly (Dula group). The primary outcome was the change in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score from baseline to week 12 in the two groups. The secondary outcomes comprised changes in the Diabetes Therapy‐Related Quality of Life score, body mass and glycemic control.ResultsA total of 33 participants were initially enrolled in the trial, and 31 participants completed the protocol. The change in the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire score in the Dula group was significantly greater than that in the Lira group (+0.1 ± 4.7 in the Lira group vs +4.9 ± 5.2 in the Dula group; P = 0.013). The change in Diabetes Therapy‐Related Quality of Life score in the Dula group was significantly greater than that in the Lira group (−3.7 ± 6.9 vs +8.9 ± 15.1; P = 0.007). There were no significant differences between groups in the changes in body mass, plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin.ConclusionsWeekly administration of dulaglutide was superior to liraglutide with regard to treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes, in the absence of any negative effect on glycemic control.
Experimental evolution demonstrates evolvability of preferential nutrient allocation to competing traits in response to chronic malnutrition
Authors: Vijendravarma Roshan K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInvestigating the evolutionary origins of disease vulnerability is an important aspect of evolutionary medicine that strongly complements our current understanding on proximate causes of disease. Life‐history trade‐offs mediated through evolutionary changes in resource allocation strategies could be one possible explanation to why suboptimal traits that leave bodies vulnerable to disease exist. For example, Drosophila melanogaster populations experimentally evolved to tolerate chronic larval malnutrition succumb to intestinal infection despite eliciting a competent immune response, owing to the loss of their intestinal integrity. Here, I test whether evolved changes in resource allocation underlies this trade‐off, by assaying preferential allocation of dietary protein towards growth and tissue repair in the same populations. Using two phenotypic traits, regeneration of intestinal epithelium post‐pathogenic infection and body weight, I show that in accordance with the dynamic energy budget theory (DEB) dietary protein acquired during the larval phase is allocated to both growth and adult tissue repair. Furthermore, by altering the ratio of protein and carbohydrates in the larval diets I demonstrate that in comparison with the control populations, the evolved (selected) populations differ in their protein allocation strategy towards these two traits. While the control populations stored away excess protein for tissue repair, the selected populations invested it towards immediate increase in body weight rather than towards an unanticipated tissue damage. Thus, I show how macronutrient availability and their allocation between traits can alter resistance, and provide empirical evidence that supports the ‘mismatch hypothesis’, wherein vulnerability to disease is proposed to stem from the differences between ancestral and current environment.
Strategic attractiveness and release decisions for cultural goods
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Paolini Dimitri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study how producers of cultural goods can strategically invest in raising the attractiveness of their goods in order to secure the most profitable release dates. In a game‐theoretic setting, where two producers choose their investment expenditure before simultaneously setting the release date of their good, we prove that two equilibria are possible: releases are either simultaneous (at the demand peak) or staggered (one producer delays). In the latter equilibrium, the first‐mover secures its position by investing more in attractiveness. We test this prediction on a dataset of more than 1500 American movies released in 10 countries over 12 years. Results are consistent with the theoretical predictions, indicating that higher budget movies are released closer to seasonal demand peaks.