bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three new approaches to genomic selection
Authors: Wang Lizhi , Zhu Guodong , Johnson Will , Kher Mriga 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConventional genomic selection approaches use breeding values to evaluate individual plants or animals and to make selection decisions. Multiple variants of breeding values and selection approaches have been proposed, but they suffer two major limitations. First, selection decisions are not responsive to changes in time and resource availability. Second, selection decisions are not coordinated with related decisions such as mating and resource allocation. We present three new genomic selection approaches that attempt to address these two limitations, which were designed by engineering students in a class project at Iowa State University. Compared with previous approaches using the same data set from the literature, two of these engineering approaches were found to be comparable to the state of the art, and the third one significantly dominated all the previous approaches.
The repressor and co‐activator HsfB1 regulates the major heat stress transcription factors in tomato
Authors: Fragkostefanakis Sotirios , Simm Stefan , El‐Shershaby Asmaa , Hu Yangjie , Bublak Daniela , Mesihovic Anida , Darm Katrin , Mishra Shravan Kumar , Tschiersch Bettina , Theres Klaus , Scharf Christian , Schleiff Enrico , Scharf Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlants code for a multitude of heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs). Three of them act as central regulators of heat stress (HS) response in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). HsfA1a regulates the initial response, and HsfA2 controls acquired thermotolerance. HsfB1 is a transcriptional repressor but can also act as co‐activator of HsfA1a. Currently, the mode of action and the relevance of the dual function of HsfB1 remain elusive. We examined this in HsfB1 overexpression or suppression transgenic tomato lines. Proteome analysis revealed that HsfB1 overexpression stimulates the co‐activator function of HsfB1 and consequently the accumulation of HS‐related proteins under non‐stress conditions. Plants with enhanced levels of HsfB1 show aberrant growth and development but enhanced thermotolerance. HsfB1 suppression has no significant effect prior to stress. Upon HS, HsfB1 suppression strongly enhances the induction of heat shock proteins due to the higher activity of other HS‐induced Hsfs, resulting in increased thermotolerance compared with wild‐type. Thereby, HsfB1 acts as co‐activator of HsfA1a for several Hsps, but as a transcriptional repressor on other Hsfs, including HsfA1b and HsfA2. The dual function explains the activation of chaperones to enhance protection and regulate the balance between growth and stress response upon deviations from the homeostatic levels of HsfB1.
Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Hosking Anna‐Marie , Makdisi Joy , Ortenzio Francesca , de Feraudy Sebastien , Smith Janellen , Linden Kenneth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA 6‐month‐old boy was referred to our burn unit with a recurrent bullous dermatitis, fever, and emesis, originally diagnosed as staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) at an outside hospital. Infectious workup was negative and shave biopsy revealed a dense, diffuse dermal infiltrate of mast cells, consistent with diffuse cutaneous bullous mastocytosis—a rare variant of cutaneous mastocytosis. Treatment included a prolonged course of corticosteroids and antihistamines. Recognition of this rare form of mastocytosis is important, as it can be easily mistaken for other pediatric bullous diseases and is associated with life‐threatening complications including vasodilation, anaphylactic shock, gastrointestinal bleeding, and death.
A unique case of pressure‐induced alopecia following EEG monitoring
Authors: Kunapareddy June , White Chris , Davis Cindy , Nousari Carlos 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a unique case of pressure‐induced alopecia (PIA) in a 11‐year‐old boy following the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes on the scalp for 4 days. PIA is caused by localized ischemia leading to vascular congestion and discrete, often circumscribed patches of hair loss within 3‐28 days of pressure interface. The synchronous conversion of follicles from anagen to catagen or telogen phase is the most distinctive finding of PIA. PIA is a nonscarring alopecia which often resolves over time without treatment.
Surgical treatment outcomes of infantile hemangioma in children: Does prior medical treatment matter
Authors: Tangtatco Jennifer Aileen , Freedman Carolyn , Phillips John , Pope Elena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFirst‐line treatment for problematic infantile hemangiomas (IH) consists of systemic corticosteroids or, more recently, beta‐blockers, while treatment failures or residual lesions may require surgical intervention. There is limited knowledge if prior medical intervention is associated with a better surgical outcome. This retrospective cohort study revealed that medical intervention, whether systemic steroids or beta‐blockers, did not influence ultimate surgical outcomes when compared with patients who were not medically treated. However, patients who received prior medical treatment and those who received beta‐blockers underwent surgical intervention at an earlier age.
Linear epitopes in Onchocerca volvulus vaccine candidate proteins and excretory‐secretory proteins
Authors: Lagatie Ole , Verheyen Ann , Van Dorst Bieke , Batsa Debrah Linda , Debrah Alex , Stuyver Lieven J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn our previous study, a proteome‐wide screen was conducted to identify linear epitopes in this parasite's proteome, resulting in the discovery of three immunodominant motifs. Here, we investigated whether such antigenic peptides were found in proteins that were already known as vaccine candidates and excretome/secretome proteins for Onchocerca volvulus This approach led to the identification of 71 immunoreactive stretches in 46 proteins. A deep‐dive into the immunoreactivity profiles of eight vaccine candidates that were chosen as most promising candidates for further development (Ov‐CPI‐2, Ov‐ALT‐1, Ov‐RAL‐2, Ov‐ASP‐1, Ov‐103, Ov‐RBP‐1, Ov‐CHI‐1, and Ov‐B20), resulted in the identification of a poly‐glutamine stretch in Ov‐RAL‐2 that has properties for use as a serodiagnostic marker for O. volvulus infection. A peptide ELISA was developed, and the performance of this assay was evaluated. Based on this assessment, it was found that this assay has a sensitivity of 75.0% [95% CI: 64.9%‐83.5%] and a specificity of 98.5% [95% CI: 94.6%‐99.8%]. Furthermore, 8.7% reactivity in Asian parasite‐infected individuals (8 out of 92) was observed. Besides this identification of a linear epitope marker, the information on the presence of linear epitopes in vaccine candidate proteins might be useful in the study of vaccines for river blindness.
Parasites and allergy: Observations from Brazil
Authors: de Andrade Candace M. , Carneiro Valdirene L. , Cerqueira Jéssica V. , Fonseca Hellen F. , Queiroz Gerson A. , Costa Ryan S. , Alcantara‐Neves Neuza M. , Cooper Philip , Figueiredo Camila A. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBrazil is a middle‐income country undergoing the epidemiological transition. Effects of changes in daily life habits and access to clean water, sanitation and urban services on a growing urban population have contributed to a double burden of both infectious and noncommunicable chronic diseases. Studies have indicated that parasite infections may modulate the human immune system and influence the development of allergic conditions such as asthma. However, there is no consensus in the published literature on the effects of parasitic infections on allergy, perhaps as a consequence of factors determining the epidemiology of these infections that vary between populations such as age of first infection, duration and chronicity of infections, parasite burden and species, and host genetic susceptibility. In this review, we discuss the observations from Brazil concerning the relationship between parasite infections and allergy.
Regulation of flowering by green light depends on its photon flux density and involves cryptochromes
Authors: Meng Qingwu , Runkle Erik S. 
Published: September 2018

Photoperiodic lighting can promote flowering of long‐day plants (LDPs) and inhibit flowering of short‐day plants (SDPs). Red (R) and far‐red (FR) light regulate flowering through phytochromes, whereas blue light does so primarily through cryptochromes. In contrast, the role of green light in photoperiodic regulation of flowering has been inconsistent in previous studies. We grew four LDP species (two petunia cultivars, ageratum, snapdragon and Arabidopsis) and two SDP species (three chrysanthemum cultivars and marigold) in a greenhouse under truncated 9‐h short days with or without 7‐h day‐extension lighting from green light (peak = 521 nm) at 0, 2, 13 or 25 μmol m−2 s−1 or R + white (W) + FR light at 2 μmol m−2 s−1. Increasing the green photon flux density from 0 to 25 μmol m−2 s−1 accelerated flowering of all LDPs and delayed flowering of all SDPs. Petunia flowered similarly fast under R + W + FR light and moderate green light but was shorter and developed more branches under green light. To be as effective as R + W + FR light, saturation green photon flux densities were 2 μmol m−2 s−1 for LDP ageratum and SDP marigold and 13 μmol m−2 s−1 for LDP petunia. Snapdragon was the least sensitive to green light. In Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediated promotion of flowering under moderate green light, whereas both phytochrome B and cryptochrome 2 mediated that under R + W + FR light. We conclude that 7‐h day‐extension lighting from green light‐emitting diodes can control flowering of photoperiodic ornamentals and that in Arabidopsis, cryptochrome 2 mediates promotion of flowering under green light.
Effect of negative motivation on the behavioral and autonomic correlates of deception
Authors: Suchotzki Kristina , Gamer Matthias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn forensic contexts, lying is often motivated by the will to avoid negative consequences (e.g., an arrest). Previous research investigating the effect of motivation on deception has, however, nearly exclusively focused on the effect of positive motivation (e.g., via financial rewards). In the current study, we aimed to replicate previous studies on the behavioral and autonomic correlates of deception and to investigate the influence of negative motivation on those correlates. Participants committed a mock theft and underwent a questioning procedure in which they had to truthfully and deceptively answer questions about the committed mock crime and a control crime. Half of the participants completed the procedure without any specific motivation, whereas the other half of the participants was told that lies detected by a computer algorithm would result in an unpleasant electric stimulation. Results revealed longer reaction times, larger skin conductance responses, and a relative heart rate slowing for lying compared to truth telling. The latter two effects were larger in the motivation compared to the control condition. Results are in line with the motivation impairment hypothesis and effects of positive motivation on the autonomic correlates of information concealment. The observation that a higher motivation increased rather than decreased deception effects is promising for forensic contexts. The possible explanation that these effects could be related to fear conditioning should stimulate future research on the stability of differences between lying and truth telling in people who experienced no or only seldom punishment for deception in their learning history.
Boom‐and‐bust production cycles in animal seafood aquaculture
Authors: You Weiwei , Hedgecock Dennis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough aquaculture has grown nearly exponentially over the last six decades, providing 31.6 million metric tons of animal seafood in 2015, its rate of growth has slowed over the last 15 years. Here, we use case studies, drawn mostly from Asian shellfish culture, to suggest that ‘boom‐and‐bust’ production cycles – periods of rapid growth followed by collapse – cause significant losses of seafood production and to illustrate the duration and repetition of boom‐and‐bust cycles. Next, using the global FAO database for aquaculture production from 1950 to 2015, we investigate whether boom‐and‐bust cycles occur more broadly and whether they are playing a role in the declining rate of global aquaculture production. Focusing on FAO production records with maxima before 2011, allowing time for collapse, we categorize production in each record, relative to its maximum value, as sustained, depleted, collapsed or lost. We find 278 of 453 records (61.4%) show collapsed or lost production, although production in most of these records comprises only a tiny fraction of global output. The top 30 records in the collapsed or lost categories do account for 2.4% of cumulative production over the 66‐year record of animal seafood aquaculture. We identify a strong association between short boom phases (5 years or less) and the probability that production will be lost and use this, as well as maximum annual production and year of maximum production, to model the probability of loss. Ecological limits and market problems are the most often discussed causes of boom‐and‐bust production cycles, but we focus, here, on disease as a major proximal cause of collapse and raise the hypothesis that inbreeding depression may often be an ultimate cause by exacerbating disease susceptibility.
Colour Flow Mapping examination: An useful screening test for the early diagnosis of ductus venosus patency in canine newborns
Authors: Melandri Monica , Barella Gabriele , Aiudi Giulio , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Alonge Salvatore 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuctus venosus (DV) closure plays a key role in hepatic circulation adaptation to postnatal metabolic function, and DV patency might develop a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS). The noninvasive Color Flow Mapping (CFM) examination, a validated method to diagnose CPSS in adult dogs, is routinely performed to assess DV closure after birth in humans. This study aimed to describe the feasibility of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the DV after birth and to determine its closure time in healthy Great Dane neonates. Patency of DV in serial Color Flow Mapping (CFM) examinations and bodyweight (BW) were recorded on Days 0‐3‐6‐9 in 24 neonates that were classified as having patent (PDV) or closed ductusvenosus (CDV) basing on CFM signal presence/absence. Since the 3rd day, DV diameter was recorded. Data were analysed by ANOVA (p < 0.05). All dogs resulted healthy 1 year later. The number of PDV and CDV puppies at birth was not different on Day 3 (24 and 0 vs. 22 and 2, PDV and CDV, respectively), whereas it resulted different on Days 6 (24 and 0 vs. 14 and 10) and 9 (24 and 0 vs. 0 and 24); on Day 3, it was different compared to Days 6 and 9; on Day 6, it was different from Day 9. Reduction of DV diameter resulted positively related to neonatal BW growth. The CFM evaluation of DV closure after birth in Great Dane puppies represents a feasible technique. Present results suggest the time of functional closure in normal neonates within 9 days after birth. Thus, CFM examination, as an early screening test for DV patency evaluation, performed 10 days after birth, may identify suspicious dogs at risk that would require further investigations. Further studies are needed to deepen the role of a delayed closure in low bodyweight and preterm puppies.
Intra‐ovarian dynamic blood flow in pseudopregnant rabbits during prostaglandin F2α‐induced luteolysis
Authors: Troisi Alessandro , Orlandi Riccardo , Maranesi Margherita , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Brecchia Gabriele , Parillo Francesco , Boiti Cristiano , Zerani Massimo , Polisca Angela 
Published: September 2018

ContentsIn the present study, we evaluated the dynamic changes of intra‐ovarian blood flow, by real‐time colour‐coded and pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, as well as the immunopresence of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor (FP) and peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations in pseudopregnant rabbit after PGF2α treatments at either early‐ (4 days) and mid‐luteal (9 days) stages. During the pre‐treatment observation interval of one hour, the ovarian blood flows showed a fluctuating pattern. Independently of luteal stage, PGF2α administration caused a fourfold decline in the blood flow within 40 min that was followed 50 min later by a reactive hyperaemia that lasted several hours, while the resistive index showed an opposite trend. Twenty‐four hour later, the blood flow was one half that measured before PGF2α injection. At day 4 of pseudopregnancy, PGF2α did not affect peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations, but at day 9, it caused functional luteolysis as progesterone levels declined 6 hr later to reach basal values after 24 hr. The changes in the ovarian blood flows of pseudopregnant rabbits receiving PGF2α were accompanied by simultaneous changes in the resistance index. This biphasic response in the blood flow and vascular resistances likely reflects reactive hyperaemia following vasoconstriction. By immunohistochemistry, strong positive immune reaction for FP was detected in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells of ovarian arteries, veins and capillaries. In conclusion, these results suggest that PGF2α could acutely regulate the ovarian blood flow of pseudopregnant rabbits, even if there is no evidence of a blood flow reduction anticipating luteolysis.
Drug resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis
Authors: Miotto Paolo , Zhang Ying , Cirillo Daniela Maria , Yam Wing Cheong 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the deadliest infectious disease and the associated global threat has worsened with the emergence of drug resistance, in particular multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) and extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) End‐TB Strategy advocates for universal access to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, this is not widely available and/or it is still underused.The majority of drug resistance in clinical MTB strains is attributed to chromosomal mutations. Resistance‐related mutations could also exert certain fitness cost to the drug‐resistant MTB strains and growth fitness could be restored by the presence of compensatory mutations. Understanding these underlying mechanisms could provide an important insight into TB pathogenesis and predict the future trend of MDR‐TB global pandemic. This review covers the mechanisms of resistance in MTB and provides a comprehensive overview of current phenotypic and molecular approaches for drug susceptibility testing, with particular attention to the methods endorsed and recommended by the WHO.
Analyzing ethnoracial mobilization
Authors: Reyes Daisy Verduzco , Ragon Kathleen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines scholarship about ethnoracial mobilization written by sociologists within the subfields of social movements and race and racism. We situate our synthesis within critiques put forward by other scholars about the treatment of ethnoracial movements within the social movement subfield. Using these critiques as launching points, we find two broad patterns in the literature: (a) a focus on ethnoracial social movements that decenters race, at times treating it as an independent variable and (b) a focus on mobilizations for racial equity that treats race as a dynamic and constructed process. Within the latter focus, we note research that investigates ethnoracial mobilization at the macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐levels. We call for more research on movements that specifically consider the mobilization and construction of ethnoracial identities. In doing so, we provide a conceptual map of the field and make suggestions for how social movement scholars employing distinct theoretical foci can engage in ethnoracial analysis. Finally, we hypothesize why there might be a dearth of research within the social movement subfield that engages in critical analysis of ethnoracial dynamics of social movements.
Direct observation of dislocation nucleation in pyrite using combined electron channelling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction
Authors: Rogowitz Anna , Zaefferer Stefan , Dubosq Renelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCrystal‐plastic deformation is one of the main mechanisms that can accommodate large amounts of strain within the lithosphere. Despite the requirement of understanding dislocation nucleation and arrangement, the only accepted method for direct observation of dislocations in geological materials so far is transmission electron microscopy. Herein, we present a study using a combination of electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to visualize and analyse crystal defects in pyrite deforming close to the crystal plastic to brittle transition zone. Structures in focus include (a) dislocation nucleation at crack‐tips and (b) the reactivation of mode I cracks accompanied by the nucleation of dislocations and crystal‐plastic behaviour resulting in the development of complex dislocation structures and low‐angle grain boundaries. EBSD maps reveal an increase in misorientation towards micro‐cracks, consistent with a greater dislocation density along cracks observed by ECCI.
Abdominal pain, unconsciousness, and skin rash after lung transplantation
Authors: Amon Elisa , Huzly Daniela , Kalbhenn Johannes , Hettich Ina , Kotter Elmar , Bansbach Joachim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLong‐term success of lung transplantation is limited by allograft dysfunction and frequent infections. Varicella zoster virus infection (VZV) is one of the most common opportunistic infections among solid organ transplantation recipients. However the occurrence of visceral involvement or disseminated disease, as seen after bone marrow transplantation, is rare. We report a case of a 59‐year‐old woman who underwent double‐lung transplantation with a fatal visceral and disseminated varicella zoster virus infection.
Removal of phenolic compounds from raw industrial wastewater by Achromobacter sp. isolated from a hydrocarbon‐contaminated area
Authors: Gracioso Louise H. , Vieira Paula B. , Baltazar Marcela P. G. , Avanzi Ingrid R. , Karolski Bruno , Nascimento Claudio A. O. , Perpetuo Elen A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe discharge of raw industrial wastewaters, specifically coking wastewater, represents a severe environmental problem. In this work, a phenol‐degrading aerobic strain isolated from a hydrocarbon contaminated site, Achromobacter sp. C‐1, was tested for degrading raw coking wastewater to explore its potential for use in biological treatment. Initially, phenol degradation was reached after 24 h of inoculation in synthetic wastewater [600 mg/L of phenol]. The maximum specific degradation rate was 0.436 h–1 found in the concentration 300 mg/L. In a raw industrial wastewater containing a mixture of phenols as carbon source [phenol 370 mg/L, m‐cresol 100 mg/L and o‐cresol 60 mg/L], 90% biodegradation of a mixture of phenols was achieved after 80 h of inoculation. Following the biodegradation process to remove the colour from the wastewater, polishing was performed by activated carbon adsorption, resulting in a clear wastewater (without colour and contaminants) ready for industrial reuse purposes. These results provided useful information about use of the phenol‐degrading bacteria for bioaugmentation in industrial wastewater treatment improving the quality of final wastewater. The quality of the resulting wastewater was confirmed by mass spectrometry analysis. This work shows the biodegradation process could be a cost‐effective and promising solution for the treatment and reuse of phenolic wastewater.