bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictor of Treatment Response in Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salami Simpa S. , Singhal Udit , Spratt Daniel E. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Schonhoft Joseph D. , Graf Ryon , Louw Jessica , Jendrisak Adam , Dugan Lyndsey , Wang Yipeng , Tomlins Scott A. , Dittamore Ryan , Feng Felix Y. , Morgan Todd M. 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Using nonenrichment-based, potentially more sensitive Epic Sciences circulating tumor cell (CTC) platform, we sought to detect and characterize CTCs in untreated, high-risk localized prostate cancer and to evaluate their clinical implication. METHODS Between 2012 and 2015, blood samples were prospectively collected from patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing either radiotherapy (XRT) plus androgen deprivation therapy or radical prostatectomy (RP) with curative intent. Samples were analyzed with the Epic Sciences platform with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, CD45, cytokeratin (CK), and androgen receptor (AR) N-terminal staining. CTC counts were correlated with biochemical recurrence (BCR). RESULTS A diversity of CTC subtypes, including CK-positive, CK-negative, AR-positive, and CTC clusters, were observed in 73.3% (33 of 45) of patients with evaluable data. The median follow-up was 14.2 months (range, 0.5 to 43.7 months). BCR occurred more frequently in the RP group than XRT (15 of 26 v one of 19), with most patients in the XRT group continuing to receive androgen deprivation therapy. A higher proportion of metastatic events were observed in the RP group (five of 26 v one of 19). In the RP group, BCR and development of metastases were associated with a higher total number of CTCs, AR-positive CTCs, and CTC phenotypic heterogeneity. One patient who developed BCR and metastases quickly after RP had diverse phenotypical CTC subtypes, and single-cell genomic analyses of all detectable CTCs confirmed common prostate cancer copy number alterations and PTEN loss. CONCLUSION CTCs can be identified in most patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer before definitive therapy using the Epic Sciences platform. If confirmed in a larger cohort with longer follow-up, phenotypic and genomic characterization of CTCs pretherapy may provide an additional means of risk stratifying patients with newly diagnosed high-risk disease and potentially help identify patients who could require multimodal therapy.
The Gulf Boycott Coalition
Authors: Parrott R. Joseph 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the late 1960s and 1970s, American activists rediscovered southern Africa and began formulating broad-based strategies to challenge American complicity with unjust systems of colonialism and apartheid. The Gulf Boycott Coalition (GBC) was one early success. Founded in Dayton, Ohio, by the progressive Congregation for Reconciliation, the GBC drew upon civil rights sentiment and the nascent corporate responsibility movement to mobilize against Gulf Oil operations in the Portuguese colony of Angola. This interview with Rev. Richard Righter details the founding, operation, and impact of the GBC both locally and nationally. It reveals some of the ways leftist politics and religiously inspired social justice movements intersected to fuel transnational activism during this period, as well as the underappreciated—but vital—roles transitory movements played in expanding political attention to southern African struggles for self-determination.
Re-evaluation of the causes of variation among mouse aggregation chimaeras
Authors: West John D. , Tang Pin-Chi , Everett Clare A. , MacKay Gillian E. , Flockhart Jean H. , Keighren Margaret A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The composition of adult mouse aggregation chimaeras is much more variable than X-inactivation mosaics. An early theoretical model proposed that almost all the extra variation in chimaeras arises, before X-inactivation occurs, by spatially constrained, geometrical allocation of inner cell mass (ICM) cells to the epiblast and primitive endoderm (PrE). However, this is inconsistent with more recent embryological evidence. Analysis of published results for chimaeric blastocysts and mid-gestation chimaeras suggested that some variation exists among chimaeric morulae and more variation arises both when morula cells are allocated to the ICM versus the trophectoderm (TE) and when ICM cells are allocated to the epiblast versus the PrE. Computer simulation results were also consistent with the conclusion that stochastic allocation of cells to blastocyst lineages in two steps, without the type of geometrical sampling that was originally proposed, could cause a wide variation in chimaeric epiblast composition. Later allocation events will cause additional variation among both chimaeras and X-inactivation mosaics. We also suggest that previously published U-shaped frequency distributions for chimaeric placenta composition might be explained by how TE cells are allocated to the polar TE and/or the subsequent movement of cells from polar TE to mural TE.
Enhanced Enantioselectivity Achieved at Low Hydrogen Pressure for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Methyl Acetoacetate over a Tartaric Acid NaBr-Modified Raney Nickel Catalyst: A Kinetic Study
Authors: Choliq Azka Azkiya , Nakae Rio , Watanabe Mariko , Misaki Tomonori , Fujita Morifumi , Okamoto Yasuaki , Sugimura Takashi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
To ensure high enantiopurity of the product, enantio-differentiating hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate over a (R,R)-tartaric acid-modified Raney nickel catalyst is normally performed under elevated H2-pressure (∼10 MPa). In this study, higher enantioselectivity than previously reported for methyl acetoacetate was achieved (92% ee) under low H2-pressure of 0.42 MPa. Effects of reaction conditions on the enantioselectivity and hydrogenation rate were investigated using a low-pressure reaction system (&lt;0.5 MPa of H2). It was found that impurities in the solvent greatly reduce the enantioselectivity of MAA. The low-pressure reaction system enabled a satisfactory kinetic approach. The reaction rate was well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood formalism, verifying the previous assumption that the addition of adsorbed hydrogen to the substrate interacting with surface tartrate is a rate-determining step.
The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon
Authors: Chiu C-H. , Chen P. , Yeh W-L. , Chen A. C-Y. , Chan Y-S. , Hsu K-Y. , Lei K-F. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesPlatelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) has been proved to enhance tenocyte proliferation but has mixed results when used during rotator cuff repair. The optimal PRFM preparation protocol should be determined before clinical application. To screen the best PRFM to each individual’s tenocytes effectively, small-diameter culture wells should be used to increase variables. The gelling effect of PRFM will occur when small-diameter culture wells are used. A co-culture device should be designed to avoid this effect.MethodsTenocytes harvested during rotator cuff repair and blood from a healthy volunteer were used. Tenocytes were seeded in 96-, 24-, 12-, and six-well plates and co-culture devices. Appropriate volumes of PRFM, according to the surface area of each culture well, were treated with tenocytes for seven days. The co-culture device was designed to avoid the gelling effect that occurred in the small-diameter culture well. Cell proliferation was analyzed by water soluble tetrazolium-1 (WST-1) bioassay.ResultsThe relative quantification (condition/control) of WST-1 assay on day seven revealed a significant decrease in tenocyte proliferation in small-diameter culture wells (96 and 24 wells) due to the gelling effect. PRFM in large-diameter culture wells (12 and six wells) and co-culture systems induced a significant increase in tenocyte proliferation compared with the control group. The gelling effect of PRFM was avoided by the co-culture device.ConclusionWhen PRFM and tenocytes are cultured in small-diameter culture wells, the gelling effect will occur and make screening of personalized best-fit PRFM difficult. This effect can be avoided with the co-culture device. Cite this article: C-H. Chiu, P. Chen, W-L. Yeh, A. C-Y. Chen, Y-S. Chan, K-Y. Hsu, K-F. Lei. The gelling effect of platelet-rich fibrin matrix when exposed to human tenocytes from the rotator cuff in small-diameter culture wells and the design of a co-culture device to overcome this phenomenon. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:216–223. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.85.BJR-2018-0258.R1.
Learner-Centered Professional Development: A Model to Increase Inclusion for Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability
Authors: Jimenez Bree A. , Barron Tammy 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In the current climate of universal accessibility, it is not surprising that more students with disabilities are being served in inclusive contexts. Although the reported increase in inclusion rates are promising, the rate of increase of students with moderate to severe disabilities is thought to be much lower and inclusion is still a struggle for the students with the highest needs. Questions emerge regarding the effectiveness of teaching practices in relation to progress towards specific curricular goals, at least in part because of concerns about dependence on sophisticated teacher skills for meaningful inclusion to occur. General consensus in the field is that professional development may provide support to teachers to adequately serve students with disabilities. We sought to implement a model of professional development which first explored the unique strengths and needs of an individual student or small group of students with a moderate or severe disability who were already being served in the general education classroom. We were able to tailor the learner-centered professional development package based on the needs of the team as they work directly with this population to implement embedded instruction and team collaboration to address the content areas.
Aspect of Criminality in Default of Loans Given by Banks: The Indian Scenario
Authors: Sarkar Arindam 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The study aims to address the issue of criminality in wilful default of loans given by banks in India by clarifying the thin line of demarcation between genuine and deliberate reasons for default of loans and suggest remedies to establish the demarcation in a more objective manner. The paper is a descriptive one based on secondary data, wherein tools like historical, factual and descriptive analysis have been used. It was found that it is not impossible to differentiate between genuine and deliberate reasons for loan defaults and stakeholders can identify & establish criminal intent behind such defaults if an objective criteria is followed. Suitable provisions under different acts and statues needs to be introduced to curb financial activities of errant borrowers and prosecute them criminally. Criminality aspect in case of wilful default of loans can thus be established if sufficient provisions of law are made available to the banking system.
Evaluation of the uncanny valley hypothesis based on declared emotional response and psychophysiological reaction
Authors: Ratajczyk Dawid , Jukiewicz Marcin , Lupkowski Pawel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The uncanny valley (UV) hypothesis suggests that the observation of almost human-like characters causes an increase of discomfort. We conducted a study using self-report questionnaire, response time measurement, and electrodermal activity (EDA) evaluation. In the study, 12 computer-generated characters (robots, androids, animated, and human characters) were presented to 33 people (17 women) to (1) test the effect of a background context on the perception of characters, (2) establish whether there is a relation between declared feelings and physiological arousal, and (3) detect the valley of the presented stimuli. The findings provide support for reverse relation between human-likeness and the arousal (EDA). Furthermore, a positive correlation between EDA and human-likeness appraisal reaction time upholds one of the most common explanations of the UV – the categorization ambiguity. The absence of the significant relationship between declared comfort and EDA advocates the necessity of physiological measures for UV studies.
A functionally-analytic method for modelling axial-symmetric flows of ideal fluid
Authors: Plaksa Sergiy A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We consider axial-symmetric stationary flows of the ideal incompressible fluid as an important case of potential solenoid fields. We use an integral expression of the Stokes flow function via the corresponding complex analytic function for solving a boundary value problem with respect to a steady streamline of the ideal incompressible fluid along an axial-symmetric body. We describe the solvability of the problem in terms of the singularities of the mentioned complex analytic function. The obtained results are illustrated by concrete examples of modelling of steady axial-symmetric flows.
Next-generation sequencing reveals mutations in RB1, CDK4 and TP53 that may promote chemo-resistance to palbociclib in ovarian cancer
Authors: El Shamieh Said , Saleh Fatima , Assaad Shafka , Farhat Fadi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBecause of the profound heterogeneity of ovarian cancer at the clinical, cellular and molecular levels, herein we discuss the molecular findings at the protein and genetic levels seen in our patient. Immunohistochemistry showed a complete loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog, this observation was the reason behind prescribing the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. However, there was no response to treatment. Next-generation sequencing analysis was performed showing a nonsense mutation, p.R552X inretinoblastoma 1(RB1). This nonsense variation will possibly lead to a truncated protein lacking the domain responsible for interaction with E2F, an event that will induce cell cycle progression and, thus, be responsible for the chemo-resistance to palbociclib.
Notes on Cumulative Entropy as a Risk Measure
Authors: Tahmasebi Saeid , Parsa Hojat 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Di Crescenzo and Longobardi
[Di Crescenzo and Longobardi, On cumulative entropies,
J. Statist. Plann. Inference 139 2009, 12, 4072–4087]
proposed the cumulative entropy (CE) as an alternative to the differential entropy. They presented an estimator of CE using empirical approach. In this paper, we consider a risk measure based on CE and compare it with the standard deviation and the Gini mean difference for some distributions. We also make empirical comparisons of these measures using samples from stock market in members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries.
Preconcentration of morphine in urine sample using a green and solvent-free microextraction method
Authors: Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad , Balali-Mood Mahdi , Es’haghi Zarrin , Asoodeh Ahmad , Ghorani-Azam Adel 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ability of extraction and preconcentration of small amounts of substances from biological samples is very important in medical toxicology. On the other hand, minimal use of organic solvents is an important issue to prevent environmental damage. In the present study, we developed a new solid phase microextraction fiber using plant extracts as sorbent for extraction and preconcentration of morphine in urine sample. For this purpose, raw carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were functionalized with tobacco extracts. Functionalization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy in addition to scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The functionalized CNTs were coated on polypropylene hollow fiber. The results of HPLC analysis showed that the produced fiber could preconcentrate a very low concentration of morphine (0.25 ng/ml) in small volume of urine samples. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for the produced fiber were determined 0.25 ng/ml and 0.825 ng/ml, respectively, and recovery of the fiber was determined 89% at LOQ. The produced fiber provided a recyclable and solvent free method for extraction of a trace amount of morphine, which can be successfully used for up to 30 times with no significant loss in the extraction efficiency.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones
Authors: Cui Yingna , Li Changping , Bao Ming 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are successfully used as powerful and recyclable catalysts and solvents for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs). The acidity of DESs is the main factor that determines catalytic activity. DESs, based on p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) and choline chloride (ChCl), exhibits the highest catalytic activity. ChCl/2PTSA is suitable for a vast variety of aromatic aldehydes with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, different β-diketonates, and urea or thiourea to obtain the corresponding DHPMs. Furthermore, DESs can be recycled easily after synthesis. The reused DESs achieve catalytic efficiency six times without significant changes. This study will provide a new green catalyst and efficient process for the synthesis of DHPMs.
Mechanical behaviour of acetylated rubber wood subjected to artificial weathering
Authors: Olaniran Samuel Oluyinka , Etienne Cabane , Keplinger Tobias , Olufemi Babatola , Rüggeberg Markus 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rubber wood utilization in Nigeria has become a viable alternative because of over-exploitation of more durable species. The use of rubber wood in its native form has some disadvantages including dimensional instability, low durability and susceptibility to weathering in outdoor uses. However, it may be improved through chemical modification such as acetylation. In this study, we revealed the effectiveness of acetylation on the protection of rubber wood against weathering in terms of weight loss (WL), colour change, lignin degradation, and mechanical properties. Acetylation was carried out using two different reaction times to achieve weight percent gains (WPG) of around 7% and 10%. Understanding of the effect of acetylation and subsequent weathering on mechanical properties was enabled by analysing wood chemistry with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and Raman spectroscopy. The mechanical tests of weathered unmodified and acetylated rubber wood revealed a decrease of tensile stiffness of the unmodified samples as a function of weathering time, while stiffness was retained for the acetylated samples. Weathered unmodified samples showed a bi-phasic stress-strain pattern with a high strain at breakage indicating a slippage of fibres under stress due to degradation of the middle lamella. This was hardly visible for acetylated samples. Thus, acetylation was shown to be effective for protecting rubber wood used in outdoor conditions.
Klimatheorie, Statistik, Revolutionsbegriff. Die Transformation der Wahrnehmung der Vergangenheit in Europa zwischen dem 17. und dem 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kleinschmidt Harald 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Dynamisierung der europäischen Vergangenheitswahrnehmung um 1800 ist oft beobachtet, aber selten an konkreten Vorgängen festgemacht worden. Im Besonderen wird die Genese der Wahrnehmung des Bruchs zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart an drei Komponenten untersucht, der physischen Umwelt anhand der Klimatheorie, der von Menschen gestalteten Umwelt anhand der Statistik sowie der Wahrnehmung des Wandels anhand des Revolutionsbegriffs. An die Stelle der theoretischen Bestimmung reversiblen Wandels als Aufgabe der älteren Klimatheorie trat die irreversiblen Wandel vermeintlicher „Rassen“ darstellende Historiografie. Hatte die ältere Statistik die Optimierung der Stabilität der Welt der Staaten angestrebt, so sollte die neuere Statistik die Verbessung der Gesellschaft dienen durch gezielte Förderung von Faktoren der Dynamik des Wandels. Schließlich bezeichnete der Revolutionsbegriff seit den frühen 1780er Jahren Vorgänge des grundlegenden, tiefgreifenden und linearen, das heißt irreversiblen Wandels von und in Staaten. Gemeinsam mit den beiden anderen Komponenten trug der neue Revolutionsbegriff zu der Wahrnehmung eines Bruchs zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart bei, der durch Beschreibungen irreversibler dynamischer Wandlungsvorgänge zu überbrücken war. Diese Transformation der Vergangenheitswahrnehmung war zunächst spezifisch europäisch und darf nicht als universal gültig vorausgesetzt werden.
Meaning, reasoning, and common knowledge
Authors: Warner Richard 
Published: May 2019

Abstract“Pragmatics involves perception augmented by some species of ‘ampliative‘ inference—induction, inference to the best explanation, Bayesian reasoning, or perhaps some special application of general principles special to communication, as conceived by Grice … —but in any case a sort of reasoning” (Korta, Kepa & John Perry. 2015. Pragmatics. In The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Metaphysics research lab, Stanford, CA: Stanford University:1). Pragmatics assumes that one’s competence as speaker is sufficient to allow one to construct, in range of significant cases, plausible accounts of how speakers and audiences reason. The question is that are those who attribute reasoning to speakers and audiences suffering a “curious mental derangement” that prevents them from seeing that reasoning is rare?
I consider four responses. (1) Speakers and audiences do reason to the extent pragmatic explanations require; they just typically do not do so consciously. (2) The second reply concedes that speakers and audiences often do not reason even unconsciously in any relevant detail, but it insists that attributions of reasoning can nonetheless be, and often are, explanatory. (3) The third reply is a response to objections to the second. It identifies reasoning with information processing steps. (4) The fourth view is that a speaker’s utterance provides an audience evidence for what the speaker means, but the audience typically does not reason to a conclusion about what the speaker means.
I reject the first three replies and embrace the fourth, but I argue that attributions of reasoning in pragmatics can still play a significant explanatory role.
Riesz basis of exponential family for a hyperbolic system
Authors: Intissar Abdelkader , Jeribi Aref , Walha Ines 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper studies a linear hyperbolic system with boundary conditions that was first studied under some weaker conditions in [8, 11].
Problems on the expansion of a semigroup and a criterion for being a Riesz basis are discussed in the present paper.
It is shown that the associated linear system is the infinitesimal generator of a

C
0

{C_{0}}

-semigroup; its spectrum consists of zeros of a sine-type function, and its exponential system

{

e

λ
n

⁢
t

}

n
≥
1

{\{e^{\lambda_{n}t}\}_{n\geq 1}}

constitutes a Riesz basis in

L
2

⁢

[
0
,
T
]

{L^{2}[0,T]}

.
Furthermore, by the spectral analysis method, it is also shown that the linear system has a sequence of eigenvectors, which form a Riesz basis in Hilbert space, and hence the spectrum-determined growth condition is deduced.