bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Inflammatory Scores Do Not Accurately Predict Early Recurrence of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma After Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: de Castro e Borges Filipe , Khajeh Elias , Nikbakhsh Rajan , Ribeiro Catarina , Maeurer Markus , Carvalho Carlos , Gonçalves Gil , Berchtold Christoph , Büchler Markus W. , Mehrabi Arianeb 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDisease recurrence after surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma can affect more than 50% of patients in the first 12 months after resection. The goal of this current systematic review and meta‐analysis is to assess the ability of preoperative inflammatory scores to predict early recurrence after resection and to identify the best candidates for surgical resection.MethodsMedline and Web of Science databases were searched for studies reporting inflammatory scores and oncological outcomes in patients with PDAC after curative‐intent resection. The systematic review revealed that the most common scores were modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index (SII). After, a meta‐analysis was performed to determine the prognostic value of these scores in early recurrence (12 months) after resection. A subgroup analysis was also carried out in patients who had upfront surgery and in those who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The ROBINS‐I tool was used to assess the risk of bias.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 1864 articles, 16 of which were eligible for analysis. The included studies comprised 4460 patients. Nine studies reported outcomes for mGPS, four studies for PNI, seven studies for PLR, eight studies for NLR, and two studies for SII. In the meta‐analysis, mGPS, NLR, and PLR showed significantly higher rates of early recurrence in the high‐score groups compared to the low‐score groups. Analyzing the sensitivity and specificity of these scores showed no significant difference in their diagnostic accuracy (mGPS area under the curve [AUC] = 0.534; NLR AUC = 0.628, and PLR AUC = 0.607). High and low PNI and SII scores demonstrated similar rates of early recurrence.ConclusionmGPS, PNI, PLR, NLR, and SII scores did not show a suitable diagnostic accuracy to predict PDAC recurrence in the first 12 months after resection. Therefore, these inflammatory scores should not be used to select the best candidates or to preclude a possible surgical indication.
Venous Thromboembolism Risk Assessment in Inpatient and Ambulatory Otolaryngology Surgical Patients
Authors: Weitzman Rachel E. , Zhao Karena , Sclafani Matthew S. , Srinivasan Yashes , Stein Eli , Cole Arron , Sclafani Anthony P. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesVenous thromboembolic events (VTEs) are a leading cause of postoperative morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased cost. Recommendations for mechano‐ and chemoprophylaxis are currently based on the 2005 Caprini score, a screening tool developed to identify patients at risk for VTE. The Caprini risk assessment model (RAM) was designed for surgical impatients and has been tested in a number of surgical fields, including otolaryngology. However, the vast majority of otolaryngology cases are performed as ambulatory surgery. Simpler RAMs include the COBRA scoring system and Pannucci‐NSQIP. Here, we evaluate risk stratification of otolaryngology surgical patients and correlate the findings of these three RAMs.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 869 patients undergoing surgery by Weill Cornell faculty otolaryngologists between June and December 2022 was performed. Patient demographics, VTE risk factors, admission status, surgical subservice, and postoperative events were collected, and RAM scores were calculated for each patient. Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis rank‐sum tests were utilized to assess differences in VTE risk scores based on type of procedure and admission status, and Spearman's correlation was utilized to assess agreement between the three different scoring systems. Multivariate linear regressions were utilized to assess variables that impacted the Caprini, COBRA, and NSQIP RAMs.ResultsIn total, two patients developed postoperative venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, there is a strong positive correlation between Caprini and COBRA RAMs (even when broken down by admission status, although it weakens in the inpatient population). There is a moderate positive correlation between Caprini and Pannucci‐NSQIP in the full cohort, but that correlation is lost in the inpatient population.ConclusionsOtolaryngology surgical patients are at low risk of postoperative VTE. Caprini, Pannucci‐NSQIP, and COBRA RAMs correlate well in determining ambulatory patients at risk for postoperative VTE and shorter, simpler RAMS such as COBRA and Pannucci‐NSQIP can be used instead of Caprini RAM.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Hot Spot Induced Thermal Runaway Map for Polymerization Reactors
Authors: Yoder Elijah , Strasser Wayne , Kacinski Robert , Jones Braden 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLow‐Density Polyethylene (LDPE) reactors have the potential for rupture because of thermal runaway from auto‐accelerating chemistry. Pockets of unmixed, highly reactive, LDPE constituents, called hot spots, are often generated by conditions within the reactor and are the main source of thermal runaway. Because of this, there is a need to define thresholds of hot spot conditions that produce runaway. Computational Fluid Dynamics is used to study an isolated LDPE sphere with varying initial temperature, initial catalyst concentration, and volume to determine which combinations promote thermal runaway. It is found that increasing both initial temperature and initial catalyst concentration increased thermal runaway likelihood, while, counter‐intuitively, hot spot volume has no effect. An LDPE runaway map is provided to quantify the combinations that result in safe reactor operation. This allows manufacturers to make more informed control actions and to determine safe reactor conditions based on local mixture composition and temperature alone.
Revealing the Response of Structure and Decomposition Behaviors of 1, 1′‐Azobis‐1, 2, 3‐Triazole to Pressure: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Ming , Gang Xi , Jia Xian‐Zhen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT1, 1′‐azobis‐1, 2, 3‐triazole (C4H4N8, N8) is a novel nitrogen‐rich energetic material with excellent detonation performance, which has received widespread interest. Inspired by recent theories and experiments, the dependence of structural, vibrational, and electronic properties on high pressure up to 10 GPa was systematically investigated using periodic DFT calculations. It was found that the optimized structure belonged to the cis‐N8 structure through comparing the theoretical IR with experimental IR spectra. The third‐order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state for N8 was obtained up to 10 GPa, where the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative were 10.91 GPa and 7.689, respectively. More importantly, the pressure dependence of Laplacian bond order indicated that the five‐membered ring opening was the first step in the decomposition process, and that high pressure could inhibit the decomposition process of N8 due to the reinforcement of non‐covalent interactions. The present work could deepen the understanding of the energetic materials N8 under high pressure, and is of great significance to the blasting and detonation applications of N8.
Research on Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Polysaccharide Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Sen , Cai Yuting , Du Mingjing , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Xinbin , Yuan Huizheng , Xu Zhiwei , Chen Xiangyan , Kan Xinyuan , Zhang Shaohua , Zhong Linlin , Ma Songmei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, various industrial and agricultural problems have been highlighted, and the pollution of heavy metal ions to water bodies has become a considerable serious phenomenon. Adsorption method is an efficient, low‐cost, and easy to implement method for removing heavy metal ions, which does not produce secondary pollution, and has been widely used in water treatment. Polysaccharides are natural polymers, and their hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine groups provide feasibility for the synthesis of hydrogels with various structures. The synthesized polysaccharide hydrogel has the characteristics of high adsorption capacity, specific adsorption, nontoxic, and so on. In this review, the kinds of polysaccharide hydrogels and different synthesis methods were discussed first. Then, the adsorption mechanism and different adsorption modes of polysaccharide hydrogels were reviewed. Finally, the effects of different environmental factors on the adsorption capacity of polysaccharide hydrogel were studied. The future research on the adsorption of heavy metal ions by polysaccharide hydrogels was proposed.
Vergleichende Analyse
Authors: Staub Sabina 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung der beiden im vorangehenden Kapitel dargestellen Fälle, der Kindergartenlehrerinnen Sandra Sommer und Dora Dünki. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Anerkennungsverhältnissen zwischen den Kindergartenlehrerinnen und den Kindern. Dazu werden die Ergebnisse aus der Videointerpretationen verglichen, wobei die Rekonstruktionen entlang der für die Anerkennungsverhältnisse relevanten Kontexte strukturiert werden: der Umgang mit Aufträgen und dem Spiel- und Lernangebot sowie die Herstellung einer Verbindung zum Unterrichtsgegenstand. Im Anschluss erfolgt ein Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus den Interviewinterpretationen. Hierbei werden die Konstruktionen der Kindergartenkinder in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Entwicklungsstand und als zukünftige Erwachsene betrachtet. Abschließend werden die Erkenntnisse aus den Video- und Interviewinterpretationen zusammengeführt, wobei die Herstellung einer generationalen Ordnung als Rahmen dient.
Cardiogenic Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Asztalos Ivor B. , Hill Stephanie N. , Nash Dustin B. , Schachtner Susan K. , Palm Kelsey J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a known cause of morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), but reports about the burden of cardiogenic NEC frequently conflict. To synthesize the extant literature on the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of NEC in patients with CHD. Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched from 1946 through 2023 for studies of NEC in infants 0–12 months of age with CHD. Risk of bias was assessed with validated tools for incidence and risk factors. Pooled estimates were meta-analyzed by risk of bias or synthesized without meta-analysis. Eighty-six studies with a total of 67,924 participants were included. The incidence of cardiogenic NEC was 7.1% (95% CI 4.7–10.5%) in term infants and 13.0% (10.2–16.5%) in low birthweight preterm infants. NEC required surgery in 0.8% (0.5–1.1%) of term and 2.7% (2.0–3.7%) of premature infants, respectively. Only gestational age and birth weight were consistently associated with risk of NEC. Restricting pooled estimates to studies of moderate or low risk of bias significantly reduced the number of studies included. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a common cause of morbidity in infants with CHD, but additional research is needed to determine which infants are at highest risk of developing NEC and would benefit most from a change in management. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to a prespecified protocol registered at the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021282114).
Early remission of deliberate self-harm predicts emotion regulation capacity in adulthood: 12.4 years follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of adolescents with repeated self-harm and borderline features
Authors: Dibaj Iselin Solerød , Tørmoen Anita Johanna , Klungsøyr Ole , Morken Katharina Teresa Enehaug , Haga Egil , Dymbe Kine Johansen , Mehlum Lars 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmotion regulation capacity, critical for adult functioning and mental health, develops strongly during adolescence in healthy individuals. Deficits in emotion regulation is often referred to as emotion dysregulation [ED] and is associated with various mental health problems, including repeated deliberate self-harm [DSH] which peaks in adolescence. Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for adolescents [DBT-A] systematically targets ED through strategies such as changing coping behaviours and has previously been shown to effectively induce DSH remission in adolescents. However, whether such remission is associated with improved emotion regulation capacity in adulthood, and whether this effect is mediated by changes in use of coping strategies has not been previously studied. Prospective long-term follow-up study of an RCT comparing DBT-A with enhanced usual care [EUC] for adolescents presenting to community child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics with borderline personality features and repeated self-harm. Assessments included both structured interviews and self-report at baseline and 1.6, 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-up. In the final follow-up, adult ED was measured and data were collected for 61 (80%) of the original 77 participants. DSH remission was assessed at 1.6 years follow-up, and use of coping strategies at 3.1 and 12.4 years follow-ups. A mediation analysis was conducted within a causal inference framework. Both treatment groups increased their use of functional coping skills from adolescence to adulthood, while only DBT-A was associated with decreases in dysfunctional coping. There was a direct effect of DSH remission 1 year after treatment on adult ED, particularly for participants who did not receive DBT-A. There was a negative association between reductions in dysfunctional coping and adult ED, however this did not mediate the effect of DSH remission. This is the first study to report that early DSH remission in adolescence predicted lower ED in adulthood. These results highlight the importance of early DSH remission and provides new insight into the long-term relationship between DSH and ED. Clinical trial registration information: “Treatment for Adolescents with Deliberate Self-harm”; http://ClinicalTrials.gov/;NCT00675129
Os noise mitigations for benchmarking web browser execution environment performance
Authors: Toufie Zahir , Kabaso Boniface 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWeb browsers have almost since birth sought to host and run feature-rich, compute-intensive and complex applications, within their execution environments (EEs), thereby achieving performance akin to native desktop applications. Studies that have proposed performance improvements to these Web browser EEs together with their respective benchmarks have endeavoured to use proven methodologies with which they confirmed the scientific rigour of those benchmarks, but have often overlooked operating system (OS) noise and the negative impact that it has on benchmarks. This paper identifies the various types of OS noise that exist within a typical Intel-based computer system that utilises a Linux-based OS. While also reviewing what related studies have done to mitigate against them. A series of mitigations were then proposed for the Linux-based system that was then benchmarked using the PolyBench/C benchmarking suite. Whilst not all OS noise was mitigated against, our results confirm that the OS noise mitigations that were provided, significantly reduced OS noise. Further significance of this study is that a more controlled benchmarking environment is made available, due to focusing the CPU processing almost entirely on the benchmarks only, while also enhancing the precision and accuracy of the benchmarks. In this study, we lay down a foundation that will make future Web browser EE as well as any other type of computer software benchmarking more precise and accurate, thereby improving the scientific rigour of those benchmarks.
Machine Learning Aided Modeling of Granular Materials: A Review
Authors: Wang Mengqi , Kumar Krishna , Feng Y. T. , Qu Tongming , Wang Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has become a buzzy word since Google’s AlphaGo beat a world champion in 2017. In the past five years, machine learning as a subset of the broader category of AI has obtained considerable attention in the research community of granular materials. This work offers a detailed review of the recent advances in machine learning-aided studies of granular materials from the particle-particle interaction at the grain level to the macroscopic simulations of granular flow. This work will start with the application of machine learning in the microscopic particle-particle interaction and associated contact models. Then, different neural networks for learning the constitutive behaviour of granular materials will be reviewed and compared. Finally, the macroscopic simulations of practical engineering or boundary value problems based on the combination of neural networks and numerical methods are discussed. We hope readers will have a clear idea of the development of machine learning-aided modelling of granular materials via this comprehensive review work.
Protective effects of Sphaeranthus indicus floral extract against BPS-induced testicular damage in rats occurs through downregulation of RIPK1/3-MLK-driven necroptosis and Fas-FasL-mediated apoptosis
Authors: Iqbal Shabnoor , Omara Timothy , Kahwa Ivan , Mir Khan Usman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBisphenol S (BPS) is one of the monomers preferred in the manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics. Unfortunately, its estrogenic and genotoxic effects are similar to those of bisphenol A. The protective effects of Sphaeranthus indicus floral extract (SFE) against reprotoxic effects of BPS (50 µg/kg per body weight) in rats exposed to it via drinking water was investigated. Different SFE doses (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) were administered via oral gavage for 10 weeks. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results indicated that SFE was rich in polyphenols, with rutin and quercetin being important bioactive molecules modulating BPS-induced necroptosis and apoptosis. Biochemical analyses unveiled that rats administered BPS only exhibited considerable elevation of biomarkers of nitro-oxidative stress, necroptotic (RIPK1/RIPK3 and MLKL), and apoptotic mediators (Fas/FasL and caspase 3/caspase-8). These events caused changes in sperm characteristics (sperm motility, sperm head, and sperm viability), sperm count, and hormonal profile (thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) of the rats. Histological analysis suggested that there was pronounced sloughing of Sertoli cells, reduced spermatogenic cell density, increased levels of seminiferous tubules, and disorganized morphometric parameters related to seminiferous tubules. The SFE supplementation in rats with BPS-containing water restored nitro-oxidative stress biomarkers, which led to the reduction of necroptosis and apoptosis. Reinstatement of all the biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis after SFE supplementations restored the hormonal profile and normal histoarchitecture of the testes. Virtual screening elucidated that the key regulators of the necroptosis are RIPK3-rutin and RIPK1-quercetin complexes. Further studies are needed to assess its pharmacodynamics, kinetics, and effective concentration for daily use in humans.
Fielding the research participant perception survey to evaluate a culturally tailored Latinx cohort study
Authors: Lindo Sierra , Roberts Jamie , Goodrich James , Mella-Velazquez Alejandra , Musty Michael D. , Cheng Alex C. , Kost Rhonda G. , Gonzalez-Guarda Rosa M. , Chatterjee Ranee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Latinx populations are underrepresented in clinical research. Asking Latinx research participants about their research experiences, barriers, and facilitators could help to improve research participation for these populations.

Methods:
The Salud Estres y Resilencia (SER) Hispano cohort study is a longitudinal cohort study of young adult Latinx immigrants whose design and conduct were tailored for their study population. We administered the Research Participant Perception Survey (RPPS) to SER Hispano participants to assess their experiences in the study. We describe overall results from the RPPS and compare results of surveys administered to SER Hispano participants via email versus telephone.

Results:
Of 340 participants who were contacted with the RPPS, 142 (42%) responded. Among respondents, 53 (37%) responded by initial email contact; and 89 (63%) responded by subsequent phone contact. The majority of respondents were between 35 and 44 years of age (54%), female (76%), and of Cuban origin (50%). Overall, research participants expressed high satisfaction with their research experience; 84% stated that they would “definitely” recommend research participation to friends and family, with no significant difference by method of survey administration (P = 0.45). The most common factor that was chosen that would influence future research participation was having summary results of the research shared with them (72%).

Conclusion:
We found that culturally tailored studies can be good experiences for Latinx research participants; and we found that use of the RPPS can be administered successfully, particularly when administered by more than one method, including telephone, to evaluate and to improve research experiences for this population.
Online, asynchronous training in research for residents
Authors: Blackard Jason T. , Knapke Jacqueline M. , Schuckman Stephanie , Veevers Jennifer , Hardie William D. , Yadav Ruchi , Kahn Alexa , Lee Patrick , Terebelo Sima , Ryan Patrick H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scholarly activity is a key component of most residency programmes. To establish fundamental research skills and fill gaps within training curricula, we developed an online, asynchronous set of modules called Research 101 to introduce trainees to various topics that are germane to the conduct of research and evaluated its effectiveness in resident research education. Research 101 was utilised by residents at One Brooklyn Health in Brooklyn, NY. Resident knowledge, confidence, and satisfaction were assessed using pre- and post-module surveys with 5-point Likert scaled questions, open-ended text responses, and a multiple-choice quiz. Pre-module survey results indicated that residents were most confident with the Aligning expectations, Introduction to research, and Study design and data analysis basics modules and least confident with the Submitting an Institutional Review Board protocol and Presenting your summer research modules. Post-module survey responses demonstrated increased learning compared to pre-module results for all modules and learning objectives (p < 0.0001). “This module met my needs” was endorsed 91.4% of the time. The median score for the final quiz that consisted of 25 multiple-choice questions was 23. Thematic analysis of open-ended post-module survey responses identified multiple strengths and opportunities for improvement in course content and instructional methods. These data demonstrate that residents benefit from completion of Research 101, as post-module survey scores were significantly higher than pre-module survey scores for all modules and questions, final quiz scores were high, and open-ended responses highlighted opportunities for additional resident learning.