bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis on the clinical outcomes in Korea: a population-based approach
Authors: Lee Sung Woo , Lee Na Rae , Son Soo Kyung , Kim Jimin , Sul Ah Ram , Kim Yunjung , Park Jung Tak , Lee Jung Pyo , Ryu Dong-Ryeol 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere has been paucity of data regarding the secular trend of adverse outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) as compared with hemodialysis (HD) in Korea. 96,596 patients who started dialysis between 2004–2015 in Korea were identified using the National Health Insurance Service database. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval, CI) of PD over HD for mortality was 1.31 (1.27–1.36; P < 0.001) in the period of 2004–2007 and 1.21 (1.16–1.27; P < 0.001) in the period of 2008–2011. However, the hazard of PD over HD for mortality turned out to be insignificant in the period of 2012–2015. Similar trend was noted for nonfatal cardiovascular events (CVEs). In subgroup analysis, the hazard of PD over HD for mortality was evident, regardless of the status of age, diabetes, and comorbidity burden in 2004–2011. In 2012–2015, however, the hazard of PD over HD for mortality was insignificant when follow up was censored at one year, which became significant when follow up follow up was censored at three or five year. In conclusion, the mortality of PD over HD in Korea has been significantly improved, a finding that was paralleled by the improved nonfatal CVEs.
DNA methylation of dopamine-related gene promoters is associated with line bisection deviation in healthy adults
Authors: Schmitz Judith , Kumsta Robert , Moser Dirk , Güntürkün Onur , Ocklenburg Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHandedness and language lateralization are the most investigated phenotypes among functional hemispheric asymmetries, i.e. differences in function between the left and the right half of the human brain. Both phenotypes are left hemisphere-dominant, while investigations of the molecular factors underlying right hemisphere-dominant phenotypes are less prominent. In the classical line bisection task, healthy subjects typically show a leftward attentional bias due to a relative dominance of the right hemisphere for visuospatial attention. Based on findings of variations in dopamine-related genes affecting performance in the line bisection task, we first tested whether DNA methylation in non-neuronal tissue in the promoter regions ofDBH,SLC6A3, andDRD2are associated with line bisection deviation. We replicated the typical behavioral pattern and found an effect of DNA methylation in theDBHpromoter region on line bisection deviation in right-aligned trials. A second exploratory analysis indicated that an overall DNA methylation profile of genes involved in dopamine function predicts line bisection performance in right-aligned trials. Genetic variation in dopamine-related genes has been linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental trait associated with rightward attentional bias. Overall, our findings point towards epigenetic markers for functional hemispheric asymmetries in non-neuronal tissue not only for left hemisphere-dominant, but also for right hemisphere-dominant phenotypes.
Finding missed cases of familial hypercholesterolemia in health systems using machine learning
Authors: Banda Juan M. , Sarraju Ashish , Abbasi Fahim , Parizo Justin , Pariani Mitchel , Ison Hannah , Briskin Elinor , Wand Hannah , Dubois Sebastien , Jung Kenneth , Myers Seth A. , Rader Daniel J. , Leader Joseph B. , Murray Michael F. , Myers Kelly D. , Wilemon Katherine , Shah Nigam H. , Knowles Joshua W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an underdiagnosed dominant genetic condition affecting approximately 0.4% of the population and has up to a 20-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease if untreated. Simple screening strategies have false positive rates greater than 95%. As part of the FH Foundation′s FIND FH initiative, we developed a classifier to identify potential FH patients using electronic health record (EHR) data at Stanford Health Care. We trained a random forest classifier using data from known patients (n = 197) and matched non-cases (n = 6590). Our classifier obtained a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.88 and sensitivity of 0.75 on a held-out test-set. We evaluated the accuracy of the classifier′s predictions by chart review of 100 patients at risk of FH not included in the original dataset. The classifier correctly flagged 84% of patients at the highest probability threshold, with decreasing performance as the threshold lowers. In external validation on 466 FH patients (236 with genetically proven FH) and 5000 matched non-cases from the Geisinger Healthcare System our FH classifier achieved a PPV of 0.85. Our EHR-derived FH classifier is effective in finding candidate patients for further FH screening. Such machine learning guided strategies can lead to effective identification of the highest risk patients for enhanced management strategies.
Novel role of Snail 1 in promoting tumor neoangiogenesis
Authors: Zhang Yi-Kun , Wang Hua , Guo Yu-Wei , Yue Yang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Snail1 plays an important role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during tumor metastasis; however, whether Snai1 potentiates the process of neoangiogenesis is completely unknown. In the present study, tube formation assay was used to evaluate neoangiogenesis in vitro. The expression of Snai1 and other pro-neoangiogenic factors was measured by quantitative real time PCR. Tumor derived endothelial cells (TDECs) were stimulated with fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) or VEGF and formed more tubes compared with untreated, whereas cells treated with Sulforaphane had less tube formation. Silencing SNAI1 significantly attenuated tube formation accompanied by decreased CD31, CD34, and VWF expression in TDECs compared with control. In contrast, overexpression of Snai1 led to more CD31, CD34, and VWF expression and tube formation. To determine if the observed effects of SNAI1 on tube formation was a global phenomenon, the same assay was conducted in normal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). SNAI1 silencing did not have any effect on tube formation in MSCs. The expression of TIMP2, ENG, and HIF1A was up-regulated 3-fold or higher after silencing SNAI1, and ID1, VEGFA, PLG, LECT1, HPSE were shown down-regulated. Taken together, our study elucidates an important role of EMT inducer Snai1 in regulating tumor neoangiogenesis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for overcoming tumor EMT.
A Decade of Disproportionality: A State-Level Analysis of African American Students Enrolled in the Primary Disability Category of Speech or Language Impairment
Authors: Robinson Gregory C. , Norton Pamela C. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study aimed to determine if African American students were disproportionately represented between the years of 2004 and 2014 in the primary disability category of Speech or Language Impairment (S/LI) under the 2004 reauthorized Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act.

Method
S/LI enrollment data from the Office of Special Education Programs and general enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics were analyzed to compare the risk of primary S/LI category enrollment of African American students to that of all other students. Risk ratios with 99% confidence intervals were calculated for each state across the 10 years studied.

Results
An average of 75% of states disproportionately represented African American students in the S/LI category each year; on average, 62% underrepresented African American students, and 14% overrepresented them. A post hoc analysis of the relationship between African American student representation and population densities revealed that states with high African American population densities almost exclusively underrepresented African American students and states with low densities tended toward a proportionate representation.

Conclusions

African American students were largely underrepresented in the category of S/LI in the years studied. These findings, alongside historic and chronic overrepresentation in other categories of special education, are discussed in the context of the fragmented harm theory (
Payne, 1984
;
Voulgarides, 2018
;
Voulgarides, Zwerger, & Noguera, 2013
) and the disability rights and critical race theory (
Annamma, Connor, & Ferri, 2013
).

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7967024
Insulintherapie beim Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Kress Stephan 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGUm einer physiologischen Insulinwirkung bei der Mahlzeit näher zu kommen, wurden kurzwirksame analoge Insuline entwickelt, die schneller, kürzer und mit einem höheren Wirkspiegel wirksam sind. Dadurch haben kurzwirksame analoge Insuline eine höhere Effektivität, Effizienz und weniger Hypoglykämien gegenüber Normalinsulinen. Der Patient schätzt die Vorteile eines geringeren Therapieaufwandes. Bei den langwirksamen analogen Insulinen war das Ziel der Weiterentwicklung, möglichst gleichmäßige 24 Stunden wirksame, flache Wirkprofile zu entwickeln. Dadurch konnte die Hypoglykämiegefahr gegenüber NPH-Insulinen, insbesondere nachts, verringert werden. Durch 24-Stunden-Wirkung kann der Betazellstress minimiert und die residuale Insulinsekretionsleistung wieder gesteigert werden. Das Erreichen glykämischer Ziele gelingt daher besser gegenüber NPH-Insulinen. Für die Wahl des Spritzzeitpunktes haben 24 Stunden wirksame analoge Insuline eine maximale Freiheit. Das oft fehlerhafte Schwenken von NPH-Insulinen und der daraus entstehende Dosisfehler ist bei langwirksamen Analoginsulinen nicht mehr notwendig.
Alterations of the Short-Term Variation of the Fetal Heart Rate after Antenatal Maternal Betamethasone Administration: Validation with Two Different Computational Algorithms
Authors: Kouskouti Christina , Jonas Hella , Levidou Georgia , Regner Kerstin , Kainer Franz 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Introduction Antenatal betamethasone administration in the context of foetal lung maturity enhancement has a transient impact on the short-term variation (STV) of the foetal heart rate. There are currently various algorithms for computing the STV, each one resulting in different STV values. We studied the results of betamethasone administration on the STV using 2 different algorithms in order to investigate whether the effects of steroids on the STV depend on the algorithm used or not.
Materials and Methods In the context of a larger, single-centre, prospective, observational study, we gathered CTG traces under and without the influence of steroids in order to study their effect on the STV using 2 different computational algorithms (STV240 and STV16).
Results A total of 285 CTGs were registered and subsequently analysed with both algorithms. When compared to the STV240 and STV16 without or at least 72 h after the first intramuscular corticosteroid administration, a transient increase of both the STV240 and STV16 was documented in the first 24 h, followed by a transient decrease of both the STV240 and STV16 between 24 h and 72 h after the first intramuscular corticosteroid injection.
Conclusion Our results confirmed that betamethasone administration has a transient but significant effect on the STV independently of the algorithm used. These observations stress once again the fact that a decreased STV within the first 72 h after maternal bethametasone administration should not be an indication for early delivery.
Spontaneous Heterotopic Triplet Pregnancy with a Two Viable Intrauterine Embryos and an Ectopic One with Right Tubal Rupture
Authors: Guimarães Adriano Carvalho , Reis Luciano Dias de Oliveira , Leite Fabio Chaves , Reis Cassiana Franco Dias dos , Costa Alex Paula , Araujo Walter Junior Boim de 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeterotopic pregnancy (HP) is defined as the simultaneous development of an intra- and an extra uterine gestation. The occurrence of a spontaneous triplet HP is an exceptionally rare medical condition. We report the case of a young woman with spontaneous heterotopic triplets at 8 weeks of gestation, with a misdiagnosis of topic twins and acute appendicitis. The ectopic tubal pregnancy was ruptured and a salpingectomy was performed by laparotomy. The intrauterine pregnancy progressed uneventfully. The two healthy babies were delivery by cesarean section at 36 ± 2 weeks of gestation. Heterotopic triplets with ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy represent a special diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the obstetrician. A high rate of clinical suspicion and timely treatment by laparotomy or laparoscopy can preserve the intrauterine gestation with a successful outcome of the pregnancy.
More refined typology and design in linguistic relativity
Authors: Bernabeu Pablo , Tillman Richard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLinguistic relativity is the influence of language on other realms of cognition. For instance, the way movement is expressed in a person’s native language may influence how they perceive movement. Motion event encoding (MEE) is usually framed as a typological dichotomy.Path-in-verblanguages tend to encode path information within the verb (e.g., ‘leave’), whereasmanner-in-verblanguages encode manner (e.g., ‘jump’). The results of MEE-based linguistic relativity experiments range from no effect to effects on verbal and nonverbal cognition. Seeking a more definitive conclusion, we propose linguistic and experimental enhancements. First, we examine state-of-the-art typology, suggesting how a recent MEE classification across twenty languages (Verkerk, 2014) may enable more powerful analyses. Second, we review procedural challenges such as the influence of verbal thought and second-guessing in experiments. To tackle these challenges, we propose distinguishing verbal and nonverbal subgroups, and having enough filler items. Finally we exemplify this in an experimental design.
Assaying neural activity of children during video game play in public spaces: a deep learning approach
Authors: Sujatha Ravindran Akshay , Mobiny Aryan , Cruz-Garza Jesus G , Paek Andrew , Kopteva Anastasiya , Contreras Vidal José L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjective. Understanding neural activity patterns in the developing brain remains one of the grand challenges in neuroscience. Developing neural networks are likely to be endowed with functionally important variability associated with the environmental context, age, gender, and other variables. Therefore, we conducted experiments with typically developing children in a stimulating museum setting and tested the feasibility of using deep learning techniques to help identify patterns of brain activity associated with different conditions.Approach. A four-channel dry EEG-based Mobile brain-body imaging data of children at rest and during videogame play (VGP) was acquired at the Children’s Museum of Houston. A data-driven approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) was used to describe underlying feature representations in the EEG and their ability to discern task and gender. The variability of the spectral features of EEG during the rest condition as a function of age was also analyzed.Main results. Alpha power (7–13 Hz) was higher during rest whereas theta power (4–7 Hz) was higher during VGP. Beta (13–18 Hz) power was the most significant feature, higher in females, when differentiating between males and females. Using data from both temporoparietal channels to classify between VGP and rest condition, leave-one-subject-out cross-validation accuracy of 67% was obtained. Age-related changes in EEG spectral content during rest were consistent with previous developmental studies conducted in laboratory settings showing an inverse relationship between age and EEG power.Significance. These findings are the first to acquire, quantify and explain brain patterns observed during VGP and rest in freely behaving children in a museum setting using a deep learning framework. The study shows how deep learning can be used as a data driven approach to identify patterns in the data and explores the issues and the potential of conducting experiments involving children in a natural and engaging environment.
Generic adaptation pathways for coastal archetypes under uncertain sea-level rise
Authors: Haasnoot Marjolijn , Brown Sally , Scussolini Paolo , Jimenez Jose A , Vafeidis Athanasios T , Nicholls Robert J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Adaptation to coastal flood risk is hampered by high uncertainty in the rate and magnitude of sea-level rise. Subsequently, adaptation decisions carry strong risks of under- or over-investment, and could lead to costly retrofitting or unnecessary high margins. To better allocate resources timely and effectively, and achieve long-term sustainability, planners could utilise adaptation pathways, revealing the path-dependencies of adaptation options. This helps to identify low-regret short-term decisions that preserve options in an uncertain future, while monitoring to detect signals to adapt. A major barrier to the application of adaptation pathways is limited experience. To facilitate this, here we generalize this pathways approach for six common coastal archetypes, resulting in generic pathways suitable to be adjusted to local conditions. This provides a much richer analysis of coastal adaptation than provided by any previous analysis, by assessing the solution space and options over time for a variety of coastal regions. Based on this analysis, we find that the number of adaptation options declines while sea-level rises. For some archetypes, it becomes clear that long-term thinking is needed now, about if, how and when to move to transformative options, such as planned retreat, which may presently not be considered or acceptable. Our analysis further shows that coastal adaptation needs to start earlier than anticipated, especially given time required for local debate and choice and to implement measures.
On the KDM-CCA Security from Partial Trapdoor One-Way Family in the Random Oracle Model
Authors: Chang Jinyong , Bian Genqing , Ji Yanyan , Xu Maozhi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In PKC 2000, Pointcheval presented a generic technique to make a highly secure cryptosystem from any partially trapdoor one-way function in the random oracle model. More precisely, any suitable problem providing a one-way cryptosystem can be efficiently derived into a chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) secure public key encryption (PKE) scheme. In fact, the overhead only consists of two hashing and a XOR. In this paper, we consider the key-dependent message (KDM) security of the Pointcheval’s transformation. Unfortunately, we do not know how to directly prove its KDM-CCA security because there are some details in the proof that we can not bypass. However, a slight modification of the original transformation (we call twisted Pointcheval’s scheme) makes it possible to obtain the KDM-CCA security. As a result, we prove that the twisted Pointcheval’s scheme achieves the KDM-CCA security without introducing any new assumption. That is, we can construct a KDM-CCA secure PKE scheme from partial trapdoor one-way injective family in the random oracle model.
Mapping social media attention in Microbiology: identifying main topics and actors
Authors: Robinson-Garcia Nicolas , Arroyo-Machado Wenceslao , Torres-Salinas Daniel 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to map and identify topics of interest within the field of Microbiology and identify the main sources driving such attention. We combine data from Web of Science and Altmetric.com, a platform which retrieves mentions to scientific literature from social media and other non-academic communication outlets. We focus on the dissemination of microbial publications in Twitter, news media and policy briefs. A two-mode network of social accounts shows distinctive areas of activity. We identify a cluster of papers mentioned solely by regional news media. A central area of the network is formed by papers discussed by the three outlets. A large portion of the network is driven by Twitter activity. When analyzing top actors contributing to such network, we observe that more than half of the Twitter accounts are bots, mentioning 32% of the documents in our dataset. Within news media outlets, there is a predominance of popular science outlets. With regard to policy briefs, both international and national bodies are represented. Finally, our topic analysis shows that the thematic focus of papers mentioned varies by outlet. While news media cover the wider range of topics, policy briefs are focused on translational medicine and bacterial outbreaks.
Defining a State-Owned Enterprise in International Investment Agreements
Authors: McLaughlin Mark 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The objective of this article is to establish a unified conceptual framework for State-owned enterprises in international investment law. I hope to furnish drafters and negotiators with the tools to define such enterprises in accordance with their policy concerns. The central thesis is that five definitional criteria must be considered: (i) separate legal personality; (ii) extent and form of control; (iii) eligible governmental units; (iv) nature of activity; and (v) purpose of activity. While variations within each criterion can reflect the policy choices of contracting parties, failure to adequately delimit the boundaries of all five will confer discretion on arbitrators to do so.
Application of this framework to existing international investment agreements reveals that many bilateral investment treaties are insufficiently precise as to the definition of State-owned enterprises. However, the Trans Pacific Partnership addresses all five criteria, and limits the scope of covered entities to those that are ‘principally engaged in commercial activities’ and have an ‘orientation towards profit making’. China’s strategic initiatives could necessitate a response that would further fragment the international investment regime. Furthermore, interpretive issues remain in relation to the scope of ‘effective influence’ and determining the purpose of investment activity.