bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the stellar properties of HD 219134 to the internal compositions of its transiting exoplanets
Authors: Ligi R. , Dorn C. , Crida A. , Lebreton Y. , Creevey O. , Borsa F. , Mourard D. , Nardetto N. , Tallon-Bosc I. , Morand F. , Poretti E. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The harvest of exoplanet discoveries has opened the area of exoplanet characterisation. But this cannot be achieved without a careful analysis of the host star parameters.
Aims. The system of HD 219134 hosts two transiting exoplanets and at least two additional non-transiting exoplanets. We revisit the properties of this system using direct measurements of the stellar parameters to investigate the composition of the two transiting exoplanets.
Methods. We used the VEGA/CHARA interferometer to measure the angular diameter of HD 219134. We also derived the stellar density from the transits light curves, which finally gives a direct estimate of the mass. This allowed us to infer the mass, radius, and density of the two transiting exoplanets of the system. We then used an inference model to obtain the internal parameters of these two transiting exoplanets.
Results. We measure a stellar radius, density, and mass of R⋆ = 0.726 ± 0.014 R⊙, ρ⋆ = 1.82 ± 0.19 ρ⊙, and M⋆ = 0.696 ± 0.078 M⊙, respectively; there is a correlation of 0.46 between R⋆ and M⋆. This new mass is lower than that derived from the C2kSMO stellar evolutionary model, which provides a mass range of 0.755−0.810 (±0.040) M⊙. Moreover, we find that planet b and c have smaller radii than previously estimated of 1.500 ± 0.057 and 1.415 ± 0.049 R⊕ respectively; this clearly puts these planets out of the gap in the exoplanetary radii distribution and validates their super-Earth nature. Planet b is more massive than planet c, but the former is possibly less dense. We investigate whether this could be caused by partial melting of the mantle and find that tidal heating due to non-zero eccentricity of planet b may be powerful enough.
Conclusions. The system of HD 219134 constitutes a very valuable benchmark for both stellar physics and exoplanetary science. The characterisation of the stellar hosts, and in particular the direct determination of the stellar density, radius, and mass, should be more extensively applied to provide accurate exoplanets properties and calibrate stellar models.
Abundances of disk and bulge giants from high-resolution optical spectra
Authors: Forsberg R. , Jönsson H. , Ryde N. , Matteucci F. 
Published: October 2019

Context. Observations of the Galactic bulge suggest that the disk formed through secular evolution rather than gas dissipation and/or mergers, as previously believed. This would imply very similar chemistry in the disk and bulge. Some elements, such as the α-elements, are well studied in the bulge, but others like the neutron-capture elements are much less well explored. Stellar mass and metallicity are factors that affect the neutron-capture process. Due to this, the enrichment of the ISM and the abundance of neutron-capture elements vary with time, making them suitable probes for Galactic chemical evolution.
Aims. In this work, we make a differential comparison of neutron-capture element abundances determined in the local disk(s) and the bulge, focusing on minimising possible systematic effects in the analysis, with the aim of finding possible differences/similarities between the populations.
Methods. Abundances are determined for Zr, La, Ce, and Eu in 45 bulge giants and 291 local disk giants, from high-resolution optical spectra. The abundances are determined by fitting synthetic spectra using the SME-code. The disk sample is separated into thin- and thick-disk components using a combination of abundances and kinematics.
Results. We find flat Zr, La, and Ce trends in the bulge, with a ~0.1 dex higher La abundance compared with the disk, possibly indicating a higher s-process contribution for La in the bulge. [Eu/Fe] decreases with increasing [Fe/H], with a plateau at around [Fe/H] ~−0.4, pointing at similar enrichment to α-elements in all populations.
Conclusions. We find that the r-process dominated the neutron-capture production at early times both in the disks and bulge. Further, [La/Eu] ratios for the bulge are systematically higher than for the thick disk, pointing to either a) a different amount of SN II or b) a different contribution of the s-process in the two populations. Considering [(La+Ce)/Zr], the bulge and the thick disk follow each other closely, suggesting a similar ratio of high-to-low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars.
The highly inflated giant planet WASP-174b
Authors: Mancini L. , Sarkis P. , Henning Th. , Bakos G. Á. , Bayliss D. , Bento J. , Bhatti W. , Brahm R. , Csubry Z. , Espinoza N. , Hartman J. , Jordán A. , Penev K. , Rabus M. , Suc V. , de Val-Borro M. , Zhou G. , Chen G. , Damasso M. , Southworth J. , Tan T. G. 
Published: October 2019

Context. The transiting exoplanetary system WASP-174 was reported to be composed by a main-sequence F star (V = 11.8 mag) and a giant planet, WASP-174b (orbital period Porb = 4.23 days). However only an upper limit was placed on the planet mass (<1.3 MJup), and a highly uncertain planetary radius (0.7−1.7 RJup) was determined.
Aims. We aim to better characterise both the star and the planet and precisely measure their orbital and physical parameters.
Methods. In order to constrain the mass of the planet, we obtained new measurements of the radial velocity of the star and joined them with those from the discovery paper. Photometric data from the HATSouth survey and new multi-band, high-quality (precision reached up to 0.37 mmag) photometric follow-up observations of transit events were acquired and analysed for getting accurate photometric parameters. We fit the model to all the observations, including data from the TESS space telescope, in two different modes: incorporating the stellar isochrones into the fit, and using an empirical method to get the stellar parameters. The two modes resulted to be consistent with each other to within 2σ.
Results. We confirm the grazing nature of the WASP-174b transits with a confidence level greater than 5σ, which is also corroborated by simultaneously observing the transit through four optical bands and noting how the transit depth changes due to the limb-darkening effect. We estimate that ≈76% of the disk of the planet actually eclipses the parent star at mid-transit of its transit events. We find that WASP-174b is a highly-inflated hot giant planet with a mass of Mp = 0.330 ± 0.091 MJup and a radius of Rp = 1.435 ± 0.050 RJup, and is therefore a good target for transmission-spectroscopy observations. With a density of ρp = 0.135 ± 0.042 g cm−3, it is amongst the lowest-density planets ever discovered with precisely measured mass and radius.
Relationship of Biological Markers of Body Fat Distribution and Corticosteroidogenic Enzyme Activities in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: de Medeiros Sebastião Freitas , de Medeiros Matheus Antonio Souto , Barbosa Bruna Barcelo , Yamamoto Márcia Marly Winck 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study is to determine the impact of different anthropometric measurements of fat distribution on baseline sex-steroid concentrations and corticosteroidogenic enzyme activity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to those with regular menstrual cycles. The current cross-sectional study included 106 normal cycling controls and 268 polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria, were divided in normoandrogenemic (n=91) and hyperandrogenemic (n=177). Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormone parameters were assessed and correlated with corticosteroidogenic enzyme activities in all three groups. Corticosteroidogenic enzyme activities were calculated using product-to-precursor ratios. Regarding sex-steroids individually, anthropometric parameters correlated with the concentrations of several androgens in polycystic ovary syndrome patients, most of them in patients with biochemical hyperandrogenism. The androgen precursors androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone were less correlated with anthropometric parameters. The 17,20 lyase activity, in both Δ4 and Δ5 pathways, correlated with several anthropometric measurements in normo- and hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome patients. The 17,20 lyase enzyme activity (Δ4 pathway) also correlated with conicity index, visceral adiposity index, and lipid accumulation product in the control group. 17-Hydroxylase activity positively correlated with waist-height ratio in both polycystic ovary syndrome groups. In contrast, 17-hydroxilase negatively correlated with the conicity index. Anthropometric markers of adiposity are associated with androgen levels and their precursors in blood. Body fat distribution correlates with the activities of some steroidogenic enzyme in both normo-and hyperandrogenemic polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. The molecular mechanisms involved in these associations are largely unclear and more investigations are required.
Top-Ten Pitfalls in Rotator Cuff Ultrasound
Authors: Griffith James F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractShoulder ultrasound is a commonly performed imaging study that can accurately determine the presence of rotator cuff tendinosis and tears, as well as subacromial-subdeltoid bursal and long head of biceps tendon pathology. High accuracy depends on an awareness of imaging pitfalls that can be encountered and lead to over- or underdiagnosis of rotator cuff pathology. Ten common pitfalls of rotator cuff ultrasound scanning are presented along with ways to avoid these pitfalls.
Top-Ten Pitfalls When Imaging Osteoporosis
Authors: Cheng Xiaoguang , Griffith James F. , Chan Wing P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOsteoporosis will become even more prevalent as the world population ages. Radiologists are well placed to recognize this disease that often first manifests on routine imaging studies. Most radiologists encounter patients with osteoporosis during their normal daily reporting. Osteoporosis is prone to potential pitfalls on imaging, and the more common of these are outlined in this review.
Musculoskeletal Tuberculosis: A Multifaceted Foe
Authors: Kumar Uma , Dasgupta Sauvik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) still remains a global epidemic, and India accounts for one-fourth of the world's TB burden. The incidence of extrapulmonary TB has relatively remained constant, but with the introduction of antitumor necrosis factor, there has been a surge in pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB cases presenting to rheumatologists. Musculoskeletal TB accounts for 10 to 30% of all cases of extrapulmonary TB, with spondylitis (Pott's spine) being the most common manifestation. Manifestations mimicking autoimmune spondylitis are seen in 10% of cases. Tubercular arthritis most commonly presents with large joint monoarthritis, but oligo- or polyarticular involvement is also seen. Poncet's disease is a form of reactive arthritis occurring in patients with pulmonary or extrapulmonary TB, which is rarely seen with good response to antitubercular treatment. Quite often, there is delay in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal TB due to absence of constitutional symptoms. Treatment of musculoskeletal TB involves prolonged course of antitubercular treatment, and surgical interventions are limited to special cases.
Smoking and Tobacco Use: Ill Effects on Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Health, and Adolescent (RMNCHA) Program—A Review
Authors: Mittal Suneeta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMost people are aware that tobacco causes cancer, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and major health problems, leading to high morbidity and mortality; however, many are not aware of its ill effects on the reproductive health of men and women as well as their children. This article has summarized the current research evidence from literature search to date, including prevalence of tobacco use, types of tobacco use, its effects on male and female fertility, pregnancy and their progeny in utero, neonatal period, childhood, adolescence, and subsequent well-being, with both active and passive smoking and smokeless tobacco use. Although antitobacco campaigns show horrifying visuals linked to tobacco use, not much progress has been made in controlling its use. Publicizing these harmful effects on pregnancy and progeny, making public aware, screening women coming for infertility or antenatal care on any form of tobacco use, and helping them to quit tobacco use may help the National Tobacco Control program, as parents are more concerned if they learn that there is harm to their fertility and progeny. Indirectly, it will help to improve reproductive, maternal, neonatal, child, and adolescent health.
Efficacy of Phenylephrine in Preventing Hemodynamic Responses of Oxytocin during Elective Cesarean Section: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Mohta Medha , Kumar Vijay , Agarwal Rachna , Chilkoti Geetanjali T. , Duggal Sakshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study compared hemodynamic changes and occurrence of complications following oxytocin administration with a prior injection of phenylephrine 100 μg or normal saline during elective cesarean section. Sixty-six healthy term parturients with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancy undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were studied. They received either intravenous phenylephrine 100 μg or normal saline before oxytocin 3 IU was administered over 30 seconds. Oxytocin dose was repeated depending on the adequacy of uterine tone. There was no significant change in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures during the initial 3 minutes following oxytocin administration in the phenylephrine group but a significant fall in mean and diastolic pressures in the saline group. Heart rate did not change significantly, and no significant complications occurred in either of the groups. To conclude, phenylephrine 100 μg administered before oxytocin injection maintained hemodynamic parameters better than normal saline injection during elective cesarean section.
Aggressive, Multidisciplinary Staged Microsurgical Resection of a Giant Cervicomedullary Junction Chordoma
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Dogan Ihsan , Wieland Aaron M. , Pyle Mark , Başkaya Mustafa K. 
Published: October 2019

Chordomas of the cranial base are locally destructive tumors since they are surrounded by significant complex neurovascular structures. Thus, their surgical removal is challenging, recurrence rates are high, and their therapeutic strategies remain controversial.In this video, we present a 47-year-old man with a recent onset of swallowing difficulties, hoarseness, and weight loss for several weeks. In the neurological examination, he had complete paralysis of the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th cranial nerves. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a heterogeneously enhancing expansile invasive mass lesion centered within the clivus and involving the C1, the occipitocervical junction, the retropharynx, and the hypoglossal canal. The decision was made to proceed with multiple staged surgeries. In the first surgical stage, we performed a mastoidectomy with the infralabyrinthine approach to perform a test clip ligation of the sigmoid sinus and to resect the tumor component that extended into the infralabyrinthine space. In the second stage, we performed a far-lateral transcondylar approach for tumor resection and occipitocervical fusion. In the third stage, we used a transoral approach with endoscopic assistance to complete the excision of the remaining tumor in the retropharyngeal space and anterior aspect of C1 and C2 bodies that were not accessible in the first two stages.The surgeries and postoperative course were uneventful. Postoperative MRI showed a gross total resection of the tumor. Histopathology indicated a chordoma. The patient subsequently received proton radiotherapy and has continued to do well without recurrence at 14 months' follow-up.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/uP9OSlKg_rE.
Bacterial Pneumonias in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Van de Louw Andry , Mirouse Adrien , Peyrony Olivier , Lemiale Virginie , Azoulay Elie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the overall improvement in survival of cancer patients and the widespread use of novel immunotherapy drugs for malignant as well as nonmalignant diseases, the prevalence of immunosuppression is rising in the population. Immunocompromised patients are particularly exposed to pulmonary infections which remain a leading cause for acute hypoxic respiratory failure and intensive care unit admission. Although fungal or opportunistic infections are always a concern, bacterial pneumonia remains the most common cause of pulmonary infection, is associated with a significant mortality, and has some specificity in this population. Adequate and timely prevention, diagnosis, and management of bacterial pneumonias require knowledge about the complex interplay between host factors (type and severity of immunosuppression) and bacterial pathogenesis, to improve the outcome. We provide an overview of bacterial pneumonias in immunocompromised patients including their epidemiology, risk factors with respect to the pattern of immunosuppression, microbiological characteristics, diagnostic approach, management, and prevention.
Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein: Biomarker or Potential Drug Target?
Authors: Samanta Basabdatta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIschemic heart disease is currently an epidemic affecting individuals worldwide. Increased incidence along with earlier onset of disease has led to the constant search for biomarkers that will help in earlier identification and treatment of at risk individuals. Small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) is the atherogenic subtype of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). It is smaller in size and higher in density in comparison to other LDL subtypes. Higher levels of sdLDL have beenfound to be associated with increased incidence of ischemic heart disease and adverse outcomes. Properties including decreased resistance to oxidative stress and prolonged residence time in the circulation account for its increased atherogenic potential. Hence intervention approaches targeting sdLDL directly in at risk individuals may be beneficial.Genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors affect sdLDL levels.But the main determining factor is the level of triglycerides (TGs). Higher TG levels are associated with higher levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) 1 and sdLDL. Various drugs have been used for targeting sdLDL with varying outcomes; drugs tried out include statins, fibrates, niacin, cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Future prospects include modification of enzymes involved in fatty acid and TG synthesis, for example, lipoprotein lipase and acyl CoA carboxylase. However, further research is still necessary to draw clear guidelines for sdLDL reduction therapy in coronary artery disease treatment and prevention.
Visual Evidence: Increasing Usability of Systematic Reviews in Health Systems Guidelines Development
Authors: Smith Connor J. , Jungbauer Rebecca M. , Totten Annette M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Integration of evidence from systematic reviews is an essential step in the development of clinical guidelines. The current practice for reporting uses a static structure that does not allow for dynamic investigation. A need exists for an alternate reporting modality to facilitate dynamic visualization of results to match different end-users' queries.
Objectives We developed a dynamic visualization of data from a systematic review using the commercial product Tableau and assessed its potential to permit customized inquiries.
Methods Data were selected and extracted from a previously completed systematic review. The resulting dataset was then used to develop an interactive, web-based report designed for use by a guidelines development committee.
Results A novel example of combining existing reporting standards for systematic review data and modern reporting tools was developed to investigate potential benefits of a dynamic report. Demonstrations of the report to clinicians sitting on previous and future guideline committees received positive feedback for its potential benefit in guidelines development. The report received a runner-up award during the design challenge at the 2018 Workshop on Visual Analytics in Health Care.
Conclusion The use of interactive, accessible data may increase the use of systematic reviews and aid decision makers in developing evidence-based practice changes.
Viral Encephalitis: A Hard Nut to Crack
Authors: Shukla Alka , Gangwar Mayank , Rastogi Sonam , Nath Gopal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractViral encephalitis is inflammation of brain that manifests as neurological complication of viral infections. There are quite a good number of viruses, for example, human herpes virus, Japanese encephalitis, and enteroviruses that can result in such a dreadful condition. Geographical location, age, gender, immune status, and climatic conditions also contribute to the establishment of this disease in an individual. Clinical signs and symptoms include fever, headache, altered level of consciousness, changed mental status, body ache, seizures, nausea, and vomiting. Effective management of this disease relies on timely diagnosis that in turn depends on apt and suitable investigation techniques. Traditional investigations have thinned out these days owing to the fact that advanced molecular technologies have been introduced to the diagnostic field. Treatment of viral encephalitis mainly involves symptomatic relieve from fever, malaise, myalgia along with measures to reduce viral load in the patient. This review mentions about all the possible aspects of viral encephalitis starting from etiology to the management and preventive measures that include immunization and vector control.