bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Articular cartilage lesions associated with complete lateral meniscal tears in the dog
Authors: Krier Elizabeth M. , Johnson Tiffany A. , Breiteneicher Adam H. , Peycke Laura E. , Hulse Don A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe articular cartilage (AC) lesions associated with complete lateral meniscal tears in dogs.Study designObservational series.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with arthroscopic evidence of a complete lateral meniscal tear and associated AC lesions.MethodsMedical records of dogs with arthroscopic evidence of complete lateral meniscal tear and associated AC lesions between March 2006 and December 2017 were examined for arthroscopic findings.ResultsThe cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) was intact in 11 of 17 dogs, partially ruptured but competent in 4 of 17 dogs, and completely ruptured in 2 of 17 dogs. All dogs had grossly normal caudal cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, and AC of the medial compartment. In each dog, a complete radial tear of the caudal body of the lateral meniscus was associated with degenerative osteoarthritis (OA) of the lateral compartment of the stifle. The Outerbridge score of the lateral tibial condyle and lateral femoral condyle was 5 of 5 in 15 dogs, 3 of 5 in 1 dog, and 4 of 5 in 1 dog.ConclusionDogs with complete tears of the lateral meniscus developed degenerative OA of the lateral compartment of the stifle leading to AC loss and clinical dysfunction.Clinical significanceComplete lateral meniscal tears may occur as isolated injuries in dogs with a functional CrCL.
Long‐term postoperative effects of administration of allogeneic blood products in 104 dogs with hemangiosarcoma
Authors: Ciepluch Brittany J. , Wilson‐Robles Heather M. , Pashmakova Medora B. , Budke Christine M. , Ellison Gary W. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of administering allogeneic blood products (ABP) on the progression of hemangiosarcoma in dogs.Study designMulti‐institutional, retrospective study.Sample populationOne hundred four dogs with hemangiosarcoma that survived until postoperative discharge from the hospital.MethodsMedical records of dogs that had been operated on for hemoangiosarcoma were reviewed for signalment, presence of a hemoabdomen, presence of metastatic disease, and whether the dog had received chemotherapy or Yunnan Baiyao. Data that were collected were compared between dogs that received perioperative ABP and those that did not. Disease‐free interval was compared between groups. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to obtain univariate descriptive statistics for time to clinical decline. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to analyze association or effect of potential predictor variables.ResultsThe median disease‐free interval (DFI) was shorter in the 67 dogs that received a blood transfusion (76 days; range, 1‐836) than in the 37 dogs that did not receive a blood transfusion (120 days; range, 38‐916). According to the multivariable Cox regression model, administration of blood products (P = .04) and the presence of gross metastatic disease at the time of surgery (P < .01) shortened the DFI, whereas administration of Yunnan Baiyao (P = .01) prolonged the DFI.ConclusionAllogeneic blood product administration was associated with a shorter disease‐free interval in this population. However, we could not demonstrate the association between blood products and shorter DFI because of confounding factors.Clinical significanceDogs that receive ABP at the time of surgical therapy for hemangiosarcoma may have accelerated disease progression compared with dogs that do not receive ABP.
ATP in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area enhances the CO2 chemoreflex control of breathing
Authors: da Silva Eliandra N. , Horta‐Júnior José de Anchieta C. , Gargaglioni Luciane H. , Dias Mirela B. 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
ATP is known to modulate the chemosensitivity of some brain areas. However, whether the ATP contributes specifically to the mechanism of chemoreception in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area (LH/PFA) remains to be determined.

What is the main finding and its importance?
ATP, acting on the LH/PFA, enhances the hypercapnic ventilatory response in rats during wakefulness, in the dark period. Our results highlight the importance of ATP as a modulator of central chemoreception and provide new insight regarding the mechanisms involved in LH/PFA chemosensitivity and the sleep–wake differences in the CO2/H+‐dependent drive to breathe.

AbstractThe lateral hypothalamus/perifornical area (LH/PFA) is a central chemoreceptor site, which acts in an arousal state‐dependent manner. It has been shown that purinergic signalling through ATP influences the CO2/H+ responsiveness of other chemosensitive regions, but it is unknown whether ATP is also involved in the mechanisms that underlie LH/PFA chemoreception. Here, we studied the effects of microdialysis of a P2X‐receptor agonist [α,β‐methylene ATP (α,β‐meATP), 10 mm] and a non‐selective P2‐receptor antagonist [pyridoxal‐phosphate‐6‐azophenyl‐2′,4′‐disulfonate (PPADS), 1 mm] into the LH/PFA of conscious rats on ventilation in room air and in 7% CO2. In the dark (active) phase, but not in the light, microdialysis of α,β‐meATP caused an augmented hypercapnic ventilatory response during wakefulness, but not during non‐REM sleep (P < 0.001). PPADS caused no change in CO2 ventilatory responses in either the dark period or the light period. Our data suggest that ATP in LH/PFA contributes to the hypercapnic ventilatory response in conscious rats during wakefulness in the dark phase of the diurnal cycle.
NHA2 promotes cyst development in an in vitro model of polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Prasad Hari , Dang Donna K. , Kondapalli Kalyan C. , Natarajan Niranjana , Cebotaru Valeriu , Rao Rajini 
Published: September 2018

Key points
Significant and selective up‐regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHA2 (SLC9B2) was observed in cysts of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Using the MDCK cell model of cystogenesis, it was found that NHA2 increases cyst size. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of NHA2 inhibits cyst formation in vitro.
Polycystin‐1 represses NHA2 expression via Ca2+/NFAT signalling whereas the dominant negative membrane‐anchored C‐terminal fragment (PC1‐MAT) increased NHA2 levels.
Drugs (caffeine, theophylline) and hormones (vasopressin, aldosterone) known to exacerbate cysts elicit NHA2 expression.
Taken together, the findings reveal NHA2 as a potential new player in salt and water homeostasis in the kidney and in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease.
AbstractAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 encoding polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2), respectively. The molecular pathways linking polycystins to cyst development in ADPKD are still unclear. Intracystic fluid secretion via ion transporters and channels plays a crucial role in cyst expansion in ADPKD. Unexpectedly, we observed significant and selective up‐regulation of NHA2, a member of the SLC9B family of Na+/H+ exchangers, that correlated with cyst size and disease severity in ADPKD patients. Using three‐dimensional cultures of MDCK cells to model cystogenesis in vitro, we showed that ectopic expression of NHA2 is causal to increased cyst size. Induction of PC1 in MDCK cells inhibited NHA2 expression with concordant inhibition of Ca2+ influx through store‐dependent and ‐independent pathways, whereas reciprocal activation of Ca2+ influx by the dominant negative membrane‐anchored C‐terminal tail fragment of PC1 elevated NHA2. We showed that NHA2 is a target of Ca2+/NFAT signalling and is transcriptionally induced by methylxanthine drugs such as caffeine and theophylline, which are contraindicated in ADPKD patients. Finally, we observed robust induction of NHA2 by vasopressin, which is physiologically consistent with increased levels of circulating vasopressin and up‐regulation of vasopressin V2 receptors in ADPKD. Our findings have mechanistic implications on the emerging use of vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists such as tolvaptan as safe and effective therapy for polycystic kidney disease and reveal a potential new regulator of transepithelial salt and water transport in the kidney.
Commissural communication allows mouse intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate neurons to encode interocular differences in irradiance
Authors: Pienaar A. , Walmsley L. , Hayter E. , Howarth M. , Brown T. M. 
Published: September 2018

Key pointsUnlike other visual thalamic regions, the intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/vLGN) possess extensive reciprocal commissural connections, the functions of which are unknown.Using electrophysiological approaches, it is shown that commissural projecting IGL/vLGN cells are primarily activated by light increments to the contralateral eye while cells receiving commissural input typically exhibit antagonistic binocular responses.Across antagonistic cells, the nature of the commissural input (excitatory or inhibitory) corresponds to the presence of ipsilateral ON or OFF visual responses and in both cases antagonistic responses disappear following inactivation of the contralateral thalamus.The steady state firing rates of antagonistic cells uniquely encode interocular differences in irradiance.There is a pivotal role for IGL/vLGN commissural signalling in generating new sensory properties that are potentially useful for the proposed contributions of these nuclei to visuomotor/vestibular and circadian control.AbstractThe intergeniculate leaflet and ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (IGL/vLGN) are portions of the visual thalamus implicated in circadian and visuomotor/vestibular control. A defining feature of IGL/vLGN organisation is the presence of extensive reciprocal commissural connections, the functions of which are at present unknown. Here we use a combination of multielectrode recording, electrical microstimulation, thalamic inactivation and a range of visual stimuli in mice to address this deficit. Our data indicate that, like most IGL/vLGN cells, those that project commissurally primarily convey contralateral ON visual signals while most IGL/vLGN neurons that receive this input exhibit antagonistic binocular responses (i.e. excitatory responses driven by one eye and inhibitory responses driven by the other), enabling them to encode interocular differences in irradiance. We also confirm that this property derives from commissural input since, following inactivation of the contralateral visual thalamus, these cells instead display monocular contralateral‐driven ON responses. Our data thereby reveal a fundamental role for commissural signalling in generating new visual response properties at the level of the visual thalamus.
Strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes in sporting organisations targeting poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, risky alcohol use or tobacco use: a systematic review
Authors: McFadyen Tameka , Chai Li Kheng , Wyse Rebecca , Kingsland Melanie , Yoong Sze Lin , Clinton-McHarg Tara , Bauman Adrian , Wiggers John , Rissel Chris , Williams Christopher Michael , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe primary aim for this review is to determine the effectiveness of strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes in sporting organisations. The secondary aims are to describe the cost or cost-effectiveness and adverse effects of such strategies and to examine the effects of those implementation strategies on individual’s diet, physical activity, obesity, alcohol use or tobacco use.MethodsWe conducted searches of academic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL), trial registers and hand searches of selected journals. Studies were included if they were conducted at a sporting venue; described a strategy to improve implementation of policies, practices or programmes focusing on one or more health risks (diet, physical inactivity, obesity, alcohol or tobacco use), and included a parallel control group. Two authors independently screened citations and extracted data. The results of included studies were synthesised narratively.ResultsOf the 5926 citations screened three studies met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were randomised controlled trials. Two studies sought to improve the implementation of nutrition-related policy and practices and one study sought to improve implementation of alcohol-related policy and practices. Each study reported improvement in at least one measure of policy or practice implementation. Two studies reported individual-level outcomes and found a reduction in excessive alcohol consumption and an increase in purchase of fruits and vegetables at the sports club ground. Two studies assessed club revenue as a potential adverse effect, neither reported significant between-group differences on these measures.ConclusionThere is a sparse evidence base regarding the effectiveness of strategies to improve the implementation of policies, practices or programmes targeting chronic disease risk factors in sporting clubs. While all studies reported some improvements in implementation, for some multistrategic implementation strategies it is difficult to determine the extent to which such effects are generalisable.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016039490.
The association between mentoring and training outcomes in junior doctors in medicine: an observational study
Authors: Ong John , Swift Carla , Magill Nicholas , Ong Sharon , Day Anne , Al-Naeeb Yasseen , Shankar Arun 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo determine quantitatively if a positive association exists between the mentoring of junior doctors and better training outcomes in postgraduate medical training within the UK.DesignObservational study.Participants117 trainees from the East of England Deanery (non-mentored group) and the recently established Royal College of Physicians (RCP) Mentoring scheme (mentored group) who were core medical trainees (CMTs) between 2015 and 2017 completed an online survey. Trainees who received mentoring at the start of higher specialty training, incomplete responses and trainees who were a part of both the East of England deanery and RCP Mentoring scheme were excluded leaving 85 trainees in the non-mentored arm and 25 trainees in the mentored arm. Responses from a total of 110 trainees were analysed.Main outcome measuresPass rates of the various components of the Membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) (UK) examination (MRCP Part 1, MRCP Part 2 Written and MRCP Part 2 PACES), pass rates at the Annual Review of Competency Progression (ARCP), trainee involvement in significant events, clinical incidents or complaints and trainee feedback on career progression and confidence.ResultsMentored trainees reported higher pass rates of the MRCP Part 1 exam versus non-mentored trainees (84.0% vs 42.4%, p<0.01). Mentored international medical graduates (IMGs) reported higher pass rates than non-mentored IMGs in the MRCP Part 2 Written exam (71.4% vs 24.0%, p<0.05). ARCP pass rates in mentored trainees were observed to be higher than non-mentored trainees (95.8% vs 69.9%, p<0.05). Rates of involvement in significant events, clinical incidents and complaints in both groups did not show any statistical difference. Mentored trainees reported higher confidence and career progression.ConclusionsA positive association is observed between the mentoring of CMTs and better training outcomes. Further studies are needed to investigate the causative effects of mentoring in postgraduate medical training within the UK.
Are short-stem prostheses superior to conventional stem prostheses in primary total hip arthroplasty? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Liang Hao-Dong , Yang Wei-Yi , Pan Jian-Ke , Huang He-Tao , Luo Ming-Hui , Zeng Ling-Feng , Liu Jun 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveCementless total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with reliable clinical results and high patient satisfaction. Short-stem prostheses (SS) were designed to achieve superior preservation of proximal bone stock and stability compared with those of conventional-stem prostheses (CS). This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the proximal bone remodelling, revision rate, Harris Hip Score, radiolucent line and maximum total point motion values of both SS and CS for primary THA.MethodRelevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving SS and CS in primary THA were identified from electronic databases, such as EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library.ResultUltimately, 12 RCTs involving 1130 patients (1387 hips) were included. The results showed that compared with CS, SS resulted in less bone mineral density (BMD) changes in Gruen zone 7 at 1 year and 2 years postoperatively (mean difference (MD)=5.11; 95% CI, 1.61, 8.61; P=0.30; and MD=4.90; 95% CI, 1.01, 8.79; P=0.17, respectively). No difference in BMD changes was found for Gruen zone 1 (MD=2.66; 95% CI, −3.31, 8.64; P<0.00001), and no differences were observed for the revision rate (relative risk (RR)=1.52; 95% CI, 0.71, 3.26; P=0.94), Harris Hip Score (MD=−0.38; 95% CI, −1.02, 0.26; P=0.89) or stem migration (MD=0.02; 95% CI, −0.07, 0.11; P=0.04).ConclusionOur results suggest that compared with CS, SS may provide superior bone remodelling and similar survival rates and clinical outcomes. However, the short-term follow-up of the included studies was inadequate to determine the long-term performance of SS.
Development of the individualised Comparative Effectiveness of Models Optimizing Patient Safety and Resident Education (iCOMPARE) trial: a protocol summary of a national cluster-randomised trial of resident duty hour policies in internal medicine
Authors: Shea Judy A , Silber Jeffrey H , Desai Sanjay V , Dinges David F , Bellini Lisa M , Tonascia James , Sternberg Alice L , Small Dylan S , Shade David M , Katz Joel Thorp , Basner Mathias , Chaiyachati Krisda H , Even-Shoshan Orit , Bates David Westfall , Volpp Kevin G , Asch David A 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionMedical trainees’ duty hours have received attention globally; restrictions in Europe, New Zealand and some Canadian provinces are much lower than the 80 hours per week enforced in USA. In USA, resident duty hours have been implemented without evidence simultaneously reflecting competing concerns about patient safety and physician education. The objective is to prospectively evaluate the implications of alternative resident duty hour rules for patient safety, trainee education and intern sleep and alertness.Methods and analysis63 US internal medicine training programmes were randomly assigned 1:1 to the 2011 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education resident duty hour rules or to rules more flexible in intern shift length and number of hours off between shifts for academic year 2015–2016. The primary outcome is calculated for each programme as the difference in 30-day mortality rate among Medicare beneficiaries with any of several prespecified principal diagnoses in the intervention year minus 30-day mortality in the preintervention year among Medicare beneficiaries with any of several prespecified principal diagnoses. Additional safety outcomes include readmission rates, prolonged length of stay and costs. Measures derived from trainees’ and faculty responses to surveys and from time-motion studies of interns compare the educational experiences of residents. Measures derived from wrist actigraphy, subjective ratings and psychomotor vigilance testing compare the sleep and alertness of interns. Differences between duty hour groups in outcomes will be assessed by intention-to-treat analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved the protocol and served as the IRB of record for 40 programmes that agreed to sign an Institutional Affiliation Agreement. Twenty-three programmes opted for a local review process.Trial registration numberNCT02274818; Pre-results.
Physical activity-related injuries among university students: a multicentre cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Gao Yang , Cai Weicong , Gao Lijie , Wang Jingjing , Liang Jiehui , Kwok Heather , Jia Cunxian , Li Liping 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and preliminarily explore possible risk factors of physical activity-related injury (PARI) occurrences among Chinese university students via a multicentre mixed survey.DesignCross-sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 4758 undergraduates graded 1–3 in nine universities in three Chinese cities were enrolled via cluster random sampling and completed the self-administered online questionnaires during March and April 2017.Main outcome measuresPARI in the past 12 months.ResultsOf the 4758 participants, 1081 sustained PARI in the past 12 months, with an overall PARI incidence rate of 22.7% (27.3% (367/1343) in males and 20.9%(714/3415) in females). Around one-quarter of the injured (26.4%) suffered from PARI over at least three episodes. More than half of the injured subjects experienced physical activity (PA) absenteeism and sought medical attention. All PA indicators were significantly and positively associated with PARI, with a frequency of sports and leisure-time vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) participation being the strongest (adjusted OR: 1.079, 95% CI: 1.018 to 1.144). Moreover, males (OR=1.199), Shantou students (OR=4.239), year 1 students (OR=1.287), university and other sports team members (OR=1.717–2.360) and those with insufficient sleep time (OR=1.262–1.333) were also at a higher risk of PARI.ConclusionsPARI is prevalent among university students in China. The frequency of sports and leisure-time VPA participation was most strongly associated with PARI among all PA indicators. These data can inform future programmes for injury intervention among university students. Safety issues should also be emphasised when promoting PA among the public to reduce PARI.