bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular systematics and character evolution in the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)
Authors: Kistenich Sonja , Timdal Einar , Bendiksby Mika , Ekman Stefan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Ramalinaceae is the fourth‐largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds with evolutionary relationships. Tropical members of the family remain particularly understudied, including the large genusPhyllopsora. We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU,RPB1, RPB2) for 149 species associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. We used ancestral state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. Our results indicate that the Ramalinaceae have arisen from an ancestor with long, multiseptate ascospores living in humid temperate forests, and that the phyllopsoroid growth form has evolved multiple times within the family. Based on our results using integrative taxonomy, we discuss sister‐relations and taxon‐delimitation within five well‐supported clades: TheBacidia, Biatora‐, Ramalina‐, Rolfidium‐, andToninia‐groups. We reduce six genera into synonymy and make 49 new nomenclatural combinations. The generaBacidia, Phyllopsora, PhyscidiaandToniniaare polyphyletic and herein split into segregates. We describe the two generaBellicidiaandParallopsoraand resurrect the generaBibbya, Kiliassia, Sporacestra, andThalloidima. According to our new circumscription, which also includes some additional changes, the family Ramalinaceae now comprises 39 genera.
Typification of species names in Dichondra (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Delgado Geadelande Carolino , Staples George , Buril Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDichondra is a genus of creeping and sprawling herbs with reniform leaves, entire leaf margins and inconspicuous flowers. It is included in the tribe Dichondreae (Convolvulaceae). Dichondra is a taxonomically complex genus with multiple unsolved nomenclatural problems. We propose lectotypes for Dichondra argentea, D. parvifolia, D. macrocalyx and D. sericea and a neotype for Demidofia repens, the basionym of Dichondra carolinensis.
Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity
Authors: Borsch Thomas , Flores‐Olvera Hilda , Zumaya Silvia , Müller Kai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIresine is a neotropical genus of the Amaranthaceae with most of the species diversity in Mexico and Mesoamerica. It has suffered a complex classification history with considerably diverging views on the genus concept. We have carried out a phylogenetic analysis of Iresine and allied genera using sequence data of combined plastid introns (including the matK CDS) and spacers as well as ITS, and a dense sampling of species. Trees depict a clade of Iresine with Irenella and Woehleria deeply nested. This clade is sister to the remainder of Gomphrenoideae including Hebanthe and Trommsdorffia (≡ Pedersenia). One of two maximally supported subclades of Iresine comprises mostly species restricted to the Mexican highlands and adjacent areas, whereas the other subclade is composed of more widespread Mexican‐Mesoamerican taxa. Pollen grains of Iresine and relatives were examined using high‐resolution SEM, which yielded a matrix of 15 pollen characters. Ancestral character state reconstruction shows dodecahedral grains (in I. angustifolia and I. nigra) to have evolved within the Iresine clade, not involving the complete suite of character shifts associated with metareticulate pollen but just an increase of aperture diameter and a slight decrease of mesoporia width. To the contrary, four character state transformations occurred in the common ancestor of core Gomphrenoideae that led to metareticulate pollen (shifts to a distal orientation of punctae and microspines, to a sunken position of apertures relative to the distal part of mesoporia resulting in narrow mesoporia higher then wide, and a reduction in the diameter of mesoporia). The Iresine clade is characterized by pollen with well‐separated ektexinous aperture membrane bodies, rounded or triangular, and gradually tapering into a single spine. For the monophyletic genus Iresine, 35 species are currently accepted. We provide a taxonomic backbone (including one new combination, one new name and several lectotypifications) that also comments on the current understanding of species delimitation.
Linear-Quadratic Model for Planning Neutron Therapy with the Use of U-120 Cyclotron
Authors: Лисин Валерий , Lisin V. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: To estimate the feasibility of using linear-quadratic model (LQM) for planning neutron therapy regimens by the criterion of early radiation-induced reactions.
Material and methods: The LQM, which described the reaction of tissues to fractionated irradiation, was used. The results obtained were compared with similar results found on the basis of the TDF model successfully used for neutron therapy planning.
Results: The LQM parameters αn and βn for radiation induced skin damage were found. The dependence of a single dose of neutrons on the number of therapy sessions was obtained. This dependence was in good agreement with the analogous dependence found by the TDF model, which indicated the correctness of the method for calculating it. When using LQM for planning neutron therapy, the issue related with the time intervals between sessions was considered. For this purpose, the comparative calculations of the ratio of the total effect, determined by the LQM, and the TDF factor were carried out. The difference between the compared values did not exceed 6 %, thus allowing the time interval for planning neutron therapy using LQM to be excluded.
Two methods to control the damage to normal tissue using LQM were considered. The first method was based on the evaluation of part of the used tolerance of the irradiated tissue, and the second one was carried out by transferring the applied dose fractionation regimen of neutron therapy to the isoeffective standard regimen of photon therapy.
Conclusion: It was shown that LQM can be used for planning neutron therapy regimens in cancer patients by the criterion of early radiation-induced reactions. The results obtained extend the potential of radiobiological planning of neutron therapy and can serve as a basis for the development of the method of using LQM in prediction of late radiation-induced complications.
At the Crossroads of Sustainability: The Natural Recompositioning of Architecture
Authors: Eufrasia Miguel 
Published: October 2018

It is widely acknowledged that the mantra of sustainability has triggered a fundamental reversal in the core of design practice: If the original purpose of architecture was to protect humans from the destructive actions of nature, today it should protect nature from the damaging actions of humans. But sustainable design is far from being a coherent body of fully totalized ideas: it has a broad spectrum of disputing interpretations that oscillate between the deterministic models of energy control and technological efficiencies, and the moralistic and romantic approaches that attempt to see in nature and natural processes a fundamental way to de-escalate the global urban footprint and its associated patterns of consumption.However, mainstream green design has been evolving by progressively absorbing the narrative of deep ecology. Nature has been being integrated into architecture literally, by inserting vegetation onto buildings; digitally, by bringing environmental data into the design process (climate records, wind streams, sun rotation and air flows are computed, modelled and effectually shape architectures), and transcendentally, by claiming that sustainable architecture nurtures “the existing and evolving connections between spiritual and material consciousness.” The acknowledgement of the inexorable affiliation between architecture and the environment is, of course, not exactly new. What is distinctive today is the reification of the role of nature in architecture as an ideological stance, now totally intertwined with state-of-art data processing and the market-driven tools brought by Natural Capitalism.This paper will examine emblematic “green” buildings produced by leading architects such as Pelli Clarke Pelli, William McDonough, Stefano Boeri, Norman Foster and BIG in the light of Tim Morton’s, Slavoj Zizek and Bruno Latour’s critique of nature. It will illustrate how, despite being able to successfully forge new creative freedoms by exploring hybridizations between the domains of design and science, sustainability’s self-righteous “naturalistic” narrative is enabling a vision of the architect as an “expert manager” focused on producing projects of ecologic “beautification” while assumed to be “saving the world,” effectively depoliticizing the architectural practice. Nevertheless, these examples attest that there is a vast and fertile field of ideas to be explored and in this regard it is important to underline that we are still in the embryonic outset of the engagement of architecture with sustainability.
Global Connectivity and Function of Descending Spinal Input Revealed by 3D Microscopy and Retrograde Transduction
Authors: Wang Zimei , Maunze Brian , Wang Yunfang , Tsoulfas Pantelis , Blackmore Murray G. 
Published: October 2018

The brain communicates with the spinal cord through numerous axon tracts that arise from discrete nuclei, transmit distinct functions, and often collateralize to facilitate the coordination of descending commands. This complexity presents a major challenge to interpreting functional outcomes from therapies that target supraspinal connectivity after injury or disease, while the wide distribution of supraspinal nuclei complicates the delivery of therapeutics. Here we harness retrograde viral vectors to overcome these challenges. We demonstrate that injection of AAV2-Retro to the cervical spinal cord of adult female mice results in highly efficient transduction of supraspinal populations throughout the brainstem, midbrain, and cortex. Some supraspinal populations, including corticospinal and rubrospinal neurons, were transduced with >90% efficiency, with robust transgene expression within 3 d of injection. In contrast, propriospinal and raphe spinal neurons showed much lower rates of retrograde transduction. Using tissue clearing and light-sheet microscopy we present detailed visualizations of descending axons tracts and create a mesoscopic projectome for the spinal cord. Moreover, chemogenetic silencing of supraspinal neurons with retrograde vectors resulted in complete and reversible forelimb paralysis, illustrating effective modulation of supraspinal function. Retrograde vectors were also highly efficient when injected after spinal injury, highlighting therapeutic potential. These data provide a global view of supraspinal connectivity and illustrate the potential of retrograde vectors to parse the functional contributions of supraspinal inputs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe complexity of descending inputs to the spinal cord presents a major challenge in efforts deliver therapeutics to widespread supraspinal systems, and to interpret their functional effects. Here we demonstrate highly effective gene delivery to diverse supraspinal nuclei using a retrograde viral approach and combine it with tissue clearing and 3D microscopy to map the descending projectome from brain to spinal cord. These data highlight newly developed retrograde viruses as therapeutic and research tools, while offering new insights into supraspinal connectivity.
Shared Genomic Regions Underlie Natural Variation in Diverse Toxin Responses
Authors: Evans Kathryn S , Brady Shannon C , Bloom Joshua S , Tanny Robyn E , Cook Daniel E , Giuliani Sarah E , Hippleheuser Stephen W , Zamanian Mostafa , Andersen Erik C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Phenotypic complexity is caused by the contributions of environmental factors and multiple genetic loci, interacting or acting independently. Studies of yeast and Arabidopsis often find that the majority of natural variation across phenotypes is attributable to independent additive quantitative trait loci (QTL). Detected loci in these organisms explain most of the estimated heritable variation. By contrast, many heritable components underlying phenotypic variation in metazoan models remain undetected. Before the relative impacts of additive and interactive variance components on metazoan phenotypic variation can be dissected, high replication and precise phenotypic measurements are required to obtain sufficient statistical power to detect loci contributing to this missing heritability. Here, we used a panel of 296 recombinant inbred advanced intercross lines of Caenorhabditis elegans and a high-throughput fitness assay to detect loci underlying responses to 16 different toxins, including heavy metals, chemotherapeutic drugs, pesticides, and neuropharmaceuticals. Using linkage mapping, we identified 82 QTL that underlie variation in responses to these toxins, and predicted the relative contributions of additive loci and genetic interactions across various growth parameters. Additionally, we identified three genomic regions that impact responses to multiple classes of toxins. These QTL hotspots could represent common factors impacting toxin responses. We went further to generate near-isogenic lines and chromosome substitution strains, and then experimentally validated these QTL hotspots, implicating additive and interactive loci that underlie toxin-response variation.
Em teu ventre: quando a ficção é mais verossímil
Authors: Domingos Ana Cláudia Munari 
Published: October 2018

A literatura, em sua gênese, tem profundo sentido nos mitos e nas narrativas que explicam o funcionamento do mundo – desde as vozes coletivas e sustentadoras da coletividade, até a lógica da civilização e o sentimento do homem sobre si próprio. A prosa contemporânea, sobretudo o romance, está fundada principalmente nessa última questão, na quebra entre esse mundo e o sujeito. Desde então, memórias coletivas, como as das guerras, e subjetivas, a exemplo de muitas biografias, têm-se dividido entre as principais tendências da escritura, conforme a importância dos acontecimentos e das pessoas que o vivem – ora temos sido mais empáticos com o que nos rodeia, ora somos mais centralizados em questões individuais, marca esta da mentalidade contemporânea. Em Em teu ventre, novela de 2015, o escritor português José Luís Peixoto contraria um pouco essa tendência, ao ficcionalizar uma história que faz parte do imaginário cristão: as aparições de Nossa Senhora em Fátima, Portugal, em 1917. Este trabalho busca compreender o entrelaçamento dos elementos referenciais factuais e a figuração das personagens, bem como a elaboração fictícia, pelo preenchimento dos vazios que a história nunca contou, através da observação do narrador e em torno do significado de memória a partir de Maurice Halbwachs (2004).
Chanson, circulation et mémoire: l’exemple de Sou eu mesmo, o trocado – Non, je ne regrette rien de Maria Bethânia
Authors: Muñoz Juan Manuel López , Andrade Rafael Batista 
Published: October 2018

Dans cette étude, nous présentons une analyse de la chanson dialogique Sou eu mesmo, o trocado – Non, je ne regrette rien de Maria Bethânia (2016) à partir de la théorie de la circulation des discours développée par le groupe Ci-Dit (notamment LOPEZ-MUÑOZ; MARNETTE; ROSIER, 2009) et de l’apport maingueneaunien en analyse du discours. Notre étude révèle l’efficacité de ces théories pour la (re)catégorisation discursive de textes génériquement hybrides. ***Canção, circulação e memória: o exemplo de Sou eu mesmo, o trocado – Non, je ne regrette rien de Maria Bethânia***Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma análise da canção dialógica de Maria Bethânia Sou eu mesmo, o trocado – Non, je ne regrette rien (2016) a partir da teoria da circulação discursiva desenvolvida pelo grupo Ci-Dit (em particular LÓPEZ-MUÑOZ; MARNETTE; ROSIER, 2009) e da contribuição de Maingueneau à análise do discurso. Nosso estudo revela a eficácia dessas teorias para a (re)categorização discursiva de textos genericamente híbridos.Palavras-chave: Memória; Discurso; Paratopia; Cenografia; Canção; Poesia.
Eine alternative Abferkelbucht im Feldversuch – direkter Vergleich zweier Abferkelsysteme
Authors: Spindler Elisabeth , Klein Sandrina , Reese Sven , Patzkéwitsch Dorian , Erhard Michael 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Direkter Vergleich einer alternativen Abferkelbucht mit einem konventionellen Kastenstand mit Fokus auf Tierwohl und -leistung. Material und Methoden: Über ein Jahr wurden in sieben Durchgängen Daten von 129 Sauen und deren 2109 Ferkeln (davon 1935 lebend geboren) erfasst. 65 Sauen (Versuchsgruppe, VG) waren in einer Abferkelbucht mit zu öffnendem Stand, 64 Sauen (Kontrollgruppe, KG) in einem Kastenstand eingestallt. Erfasst wurden der Body Condition Score (BCS) der Sauen sowie Verluste und Gewicht bei den Ferkeln. Die Beurteilung fand 9–10 Tage nach Einstallen der Muttersau (Beurteilungszeitpunkt 1 = BZP1) und 21 Tage später (BZP2) statt. In der VG wurde der Stand 5–17 Tage nach dem Abferkeln geöffnet. Das Versuchsprotokoll sah eine Öffnung nach Tag 7 vor, weshalb die Auswertung sowohl nach Tagen (Zeitraum [ZR] 1 von Tag 1–7, ZR2 ab Tag 8) als auch nach Standöffnung (offen: Gruppe Vo, geschlossen: Gruppe Vg) erfolgte. Ergebnisse: Die durchschnittlichen Ferkelzunahmen unterschieden sich nicht signifikant (VG: 5169,4 ± 787,9 g; KG: 5304,2 ± 873,3 g). Der BCS der Sauen zum BZP1 (VG: 3,30 ± 0,47; KG: 3,33 ± 0,52) war in beiden Gruppen annähernd gleich, während die Sauen der VG an BZP2 signifikant (p = 0,001) besser konditioniert waren (VG: 2,82 ± 0,54; KG: 2,50 ± 0,48). Die Gesamtverluste differierten zwischen VG und KG nicht signifikant. Die relativen Erdrückungsverluste waren von Tag 1–7 in der VG mit geschlossener Bucht signifikant (p = 0,016) geringer als in der KG. Ab Tag 8 zeigte sich in Gruppe Vo kein signifikanter Unterschied zur Gruppe Vg. Die durchschnittliche Anzahl lebend geborener Ferkel pro Sau betrug in der VG 15,1, in der KG 14,9. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Mit Fixierung der Sau in den ersten Lebenstagen der Ferkel erwies sich die getestete Abferkelbucht hinsichtlich der Produktionsdaten in diesem Betrieb als Alternative zum Kastenstand. Da Verluste nicht nur mit dem Haltungssystem verbunden sind, könnte eine Kombination dieser tierfreundlicheren Abferkelbucht mit einer anderen Genetik (weniger Ferkel/Wurf) ähnliche Aufzucht-ergebnisse erbringen wie das konventionelle System.
Pilot Randomized Trial of a Pharmacy Intervention for Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Ruddy Margaret , Fuh Charn-Xin , Zangardi Mark L. , Chio Christine , Kim E. Bridget , Li Barbara Kong Mui , Long Ying , Blouin Gayle C. , Lage Daniel , Ryan David P. , Greer Joseph A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Temel Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Oncology clinicians often struggle with managing medications and vaccinations in older adults with cancer. We sought to demonstrate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of integrating pharmacists into the care of older adults with cancer to enhance medication management and vaccination administration.

Methods
We randomly assigned patients aged ≥65 years with breast, gastrointestinal, or lung cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy to the pharmacy intervention or usual care. Patients assigned to the intervention met with a pharmacist once during their second or third chemotherapy infusion. We obtained information about patients' medications and vaccinations via patient report and from the electronic health record (EHR) at baseline and week 4. We determined the number of discrepant (difference between patient report and EHR) and potentially inappropriate (Beers Criteria assessed by nonintervention pharmacists blinded to group assignment) medications. We defined the intervention as feasible if &gt;75% of patients enrolled in the study and received the pharmacist visit.

Results
From January 17, 2017, to October 27, 2017, we enrolled and randomized 60 patients (80.1% of patients approached). Among those assigned to the intervention, 96.6% received the pharmacist visit. At week 4, intervention patients had higher rates of acquiring vaccinations for pneumonia (27.6% vs. 0.0%, p = .002) and influenza (27.6% vs. 0.0%, p = .002) compared with usual care. Intervention patients had fewer discrepant (5.82 vs. 8.07, p = .094) and potentially inappropriate (3.46 vs. 4.80, p = .069) medications at week 4, although differences were not significant.

Conclusion
Integrating pharmacists into the care of older adults with cancer is feasible with encouraging preliminary efficacy for enhancing medication management and improving vaccination rates.

Implications for Practice
Results of this study showed the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of an intervention integrating pharmacists into the care of older adults with cancer. Notably, patients assigned to the intervention had fewer discrepant medications and were more likely to acquire vaccinations for pneumonia and influenza. Importantly, this work represents the first randomized controlled trial involving the integration of pharmacists into the outpatient oncologic care of older adults with cancer. In the future, a larger randomized trial is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of this care model to enhance medication management and improve vaccination outcomes for older patients with cancer.
Оценка распространенности злокачественных новообразований в России с применением модели заболеваемость-смертность
Authors: Турсун-заде Рустам Тимурович 
Published: October 2018

В данной работе предпринимается попытка оценки непубликуемых производных показателей онкологической заболеваемости и смертности в населении РФ с использованием таблиц множественного выбытия – популяционной модели рака Д. Дюшен в сложившихся условиях ограниченной доступности медико-демографических данных. Смоделированные таким образом показатели (средний возраст заболевания злокачественными новообразованиями (ЗНО), средняя ожидаемая продолжительность болезни, распространенность ЗНО в населении и средний возраст смерти от ЗНО) позволят определить, происходит ли в России рост распространенности ЗНО и является ли этот рост результатом экспансии заболеваемости ЗНО (понимаемой как среднее увеличение времени, прожитого в состоянии нездоровья, обусловленного этим заболеванием)?
Показано, что в России наблюдается сонаправленный рост среднего возраста заболевания ЗНО и среднего возраста смерти от ЗНО с приматом последнего. Результатом этих изменений является увеличение среднего числа лет, прожитых с ЗНО, а также рост распространенности ЗНО в населении РФ. Отмечены локализации с наибольшим и наименьшим наблюдаемым ростом распространенности ЗНО, а также локализации исключения из выраженной тенденции к этому росту.
На основании проведенного анализа можно утверждать, что в России происходит экспансия заболеваемости ЗНО, выраженная в увеличении среднего числа лет, прожитого в состоянии неполного здоровья. Исключением является локализация «ЗНО губы, полости рта, глотки и пищевода» (С00-С15) у женщин, для которой отмечается компрессия заболеваемости, выраженная в сокращении числа лет, прожитых с ЗНО.