bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio as biomarker for cardiovascular health and cognitive function in the elderly diabetic and nondiabetic population: a case–control study
Authors: Ragheb Christina S. , Masry Manal Roshdy El , Elbasel Mohamed , Galal Mai , Rabiee Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerosis plays a crucial role in the progression of cardiovascular disease, which is still a major global health concern. Its onset and advancement are significantly influenced by inflammation, especially when it comes to the immune system’s relationship with hypercholesterolemia. Effective serum biomarkers for atherosclerosis are still elusive, despite continuous research into anti-inflammatory therapies. Both monocytes and high-density lipoprotein play important roles in inflammatory and antioxidant processes, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) provides protective benefits, and monocytes are involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque. The monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR) has emerged as a promising predictor of cardiovascular events, potentially more sensitive than each one’s individual levels. Studies have investigated the relationship between MHR and cardiovascular events in a number of diseases, such as acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease. This study investigates the associations between MHR, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, and cognitive impairment in elderly Egyptian populations, exploring its potential as a diagnostic marker and its role in predicting cognitive decline in diabetic individuals.
Comprehending this intricate correlation is essential for developing preventive measures and targeted interventions for preventing cardiovascular disease and cognitive deterioration in the geriatrics.

Results
The study included 100 participants, 50 with type 2 diabetes and 50 nondiabetic, with a mean age of 67 years. Significant negative correlations were found between MHR and the 3MS test (r: − 0.353, p = 0.012) and (r: − 0.170, p = 0.238) and between carotid femoral PWV and the 3MS test in diabetics and in nondiabetics (r: − 0.453, p = 0.001) in both groups, suggesting a potential link between MHR and cognitive impairment.

Conclusion
This study highlights the complex relationship between monocyte to HDL-C ratio (MHR), atherosclerosis, and cognitive function in the elderly. Positive correlations were found between MHR and carotid intima-media thickness and carotid femoral PWV, suggesting a role for MHR in atherosclerosis. Notably, a negative correlation between MHR and cognitive function in diabetic individuals suggests a potential link between MHR and cognitive decline.
Emerging Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis: Advancing Early Detection and Risk Stratification
Authors: Sojka Aleksandra , Sosin Julia , Pilarz Anna , Stachowiak Julia , Zwierzchowska Maria , Salamon Dariusz , Domagała Wojciech 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Atherosclerosis is a complex, multifactorial disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, including obesity, cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and certain chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. The disease progresses gradually, and often remains unnoticed for years until serious health complications such as coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD) or cerebrovascular disease arise.
Nowadays, the diagnosis of atherosclerosis relies on the identification of specific biological markers, enabling early detection and assessment of disease progression. The most common markers used in clinical practice include low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TGs), and lipoprotein(a) (Lpa). However, considering that atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and its etiology still remains insufficiently elucidated, there is a pressing need for new, more specific biomarkers for its earlier detection.
Aim of the study:
The aim of this study is to summarize the knowledge concerning new potential biomarkers for the early detection of atherosclerosis through analyzing the biological processes associated with the initiation and progression of the disease, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, to better understand its pathophysiology.
Materials and methods:
A systematic review of scientific and medical literature from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted.
Results:
The analysis of available studies indicates that there are numerous potential biomarkers that might be used for the early diagnosis of atherosclerosis, such as molecules associated with inflammation, lipid oxidation, or endothelial damage. However, further research is needed to establish their full clinical utility.
Cost-Aware Calibration of Classifiers
Authors: Yang Mochen , Bi Xuan 
Published: December 2024

Most classification techniques in machine learning are able to produce probability predictions in addition to class predictions. However, these predicted probabilities are often not well calibrated in that they deviate from the actual outcome rates (i.e., the proportion of data instances that actually belong to a certain class). A lack of calibration can jeopardize downstream decision tasks that rely on accurate probability predictions. Although several post hoc calibration methods have been proposed, they generally do not consider the potentially asymmetric costs associated with overprediction versus underprediction. In this research, we formally define the problem of cost-aware calibration and propose a metric to quantify the cost of miscalibration for a given classifier. Next, we propose three approaches to achieve cost-aware calibration, two of which are cost-aware adaptations of existing calibration algorithms; the third one (named MetaCal) is a Bayes optimal learning algorithm inspired by prior work on cost-aware classification. We carry out systematic empirical evaluations on multiple public data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches in reducing the cost of miscalibration. Finally, we generalize the definition and metric as well as solution algorithms of cost-aware calibration to account for nonlinear cost structures that may arise in real-world decision tasks. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: There are no data ethics considerations. The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://doi.org/10.24433/CO.8552538.v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2024.0038 ).
The Role of Lockups in Stock Mergers
Authors: Chen Zhong , Liu Yi , Rossi Stefano 
Published: December 2024

We document the frequent use of stock lockup agreements in mergers and acquisitions (M&As) paid in stock and examine the corporate determinants and consequences of the use and duration of lockups. Lockup agreements prohibit target shareholders from selling shares issued by the acquirer as a means of payment for a prespecified period. We find support for the hypothesis that target shareholders agree to lockups to precommit to hold on to the acquirer’s stock if they believe the merger’s long-term fundamentals are strong. Consistent with our hypothesis, lockups come with larger acquirer announcement returns, particularly when acquirer valuations are high; ex ante, lockup adoption likelihood increases with acquirers’ valuation. Lockups also come with higher deal completion likelihood, shorter merger negotiations, and higher long-term operating performance. We conclude the market interprets lockups as a signal of strong fundamentals, particularly when acquirers’ valuations are high. This paper was accepted by Bo Becker, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00993 .
Tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis with electrocardiogram changes in renal insufficiency elderly
Authors: Wee Hong Chin , Ng Ru Shing , Ong Loke Meng 
Published: December 2024

Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant pathogens has led to increased reliance on broad-spectrum antimicrobials, such as tigecycline. This medicine is commonly used to treat complicated skin and intraabdominal infections as well as community-acquired pneumonia. However, the increasing use of tigecycline has been linked to serious complications, including acute pancreatitis. Case description: We present a case of tigecycline-induced acute pancreatitis in a 78-year-old man with complex medical conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal insufficiency, and triple vessel disease. The patient was initially treated with tigecycline for bilateral dry gangrene of his toes. Six days after initiation of the tigecycline treatment, the patient developed symptoms of acute pancreatitis with electrocardiogram changes. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Tigecycline was stopped promptly, and supportive treatment was initiated. The patient recovered from the acute pancreatitis and was discharged home. He later passed away at home due to his underlying cardiac disease. Conclusions: This case highlights the potential complications of tigecycline therapy, particularly in patients with significant comorbidities.
A rare case of pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema due to crystal methamphetamine abuse
Authors: Abdulmajeed Abdulmajeed K. , Almehrzi Mansour O. , Al-Bazzaz Saba A. , Khalid Farah A. , Fathi Sherif A. , Hefny Ashraf F. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Crystal methamphetamine abuse is a growing concern due to its significant adverse effects on various organ systems. Case description: This report presents a rare case of pneumomediastinum, pneumoretroperitoneum and subcutaneous emphysema resulting from crystal methamphetamine abuse. The exact mechanism linking methamphetamine abuse to pneumomediastinum remains ambiguous. Pneumomediastinum is uncommon with drug abuse, especially if it is smoked and the subject coughs against a closed glottis; however, it is rare to cause such severe presentation. Conclusions: This report discusses the toxic effects of crystal methamphetamine on the respiratory system. It emphasises the importance of increased awareness among clinicians regarding these complications to facilitate timely intervention and prevent life-threatening outcomes.
What do women want from their inflammatory bowel disease team during pregnancy?
Authors: Janiszewski Helen , Younge Lisa , Cooper Joanne , Coad Jane , Moran Gordon W , Greenaway Claire , Bailey Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can increase the risk of pregnancy-related complications such as preterm birth, small for gestational age babies, gestational diabetes and caesarean section. Severe disease activity during pregnancy can further increase said complications. Pregnancy care pathways for women living with IBD may vary depending on the service provision available. While some women can have established relationships with IBD teams, others may have not. Aims and methods: This study aimed to understand the factors and influences that have shaped women's experiences of pregnancy when living with IBD, as well as explore components of maternity care pathways. Women's experiences were obtained through an online survey and a series of one-to-one interviews. Results: This mixed-methods study provides original first-hand insights into what women want from their IBD team during pregnancy, with novel themes identified regarding a need for information about what to expect about their disease activity during pregnancy and reassurance about medication use. Discussion: Without discussion of such possible disease activity in pregnancy, women may make assumptions based upon ‘hearsay’ or have expectations that may not be accurate within the context of their personal experience of disease severity. Women with IBD may also experience additional unnecessary negative psychological or physical effects if evidence-based information is not given about medication. Woman may stop taking medication, risking increased disease activity, or experience additional anxiety about the perceived effects that medication may have on their baby. Conclusions: The provision of specialist IBD care during pregnancy may vary according to service provider; however the IBD multidisciplinary team can be central to ensuring women receive optimal evidence-based care in a timely manner during pregnancy. This will help ensure women feel able to make informed decisions about their care, and avoid experiencing additional psychological and physical effects.
Implementing a physiotherapy-led prehabilitation service and improving inpatient rehabilitation for people with complex colorectal cancer: a service evaluation project
Authors: Finch Alice , Ashford Stephen , Taylor Claire 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims Prehabilitation improves pre-operative functional status which improves post-operative outcomes. There is limited evidence on the role prehabilitation for people with locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer and because of the complex nature of the surgery, patients have particular need for optimisation and specialist rehabilitation. A service evaluation was implemented to evaluate the impact of prehabilitation and increased post-operative rehabilitation in those with locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Methods Exercise-based prehabilitation and an increase in inpatient rehabilitation was implemented for those referred to the complex colorectal cancer clinic (n=59). Hospital length of stay and number of inpatient physiotherapy contacts (therapy sessions) were collected between May 2021 and May 2022 and compared to retrospective data of 44 people who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2019 to help evaluate this project. A range of secondary outcome measures were also collected to assess the impact of prehabilitation, including the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30, 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test, Duke Activity Status Index and a patient questionnaire. Paired sample t-tests were performed to compare the total hospital length of stay for all patients in the retrospective 2018–2019 data group with the prehabilitation data group from 2021–2022. Results A total of 59 patients entered the service between May 2021 and May 2022. A significant difference between the length of stay in the two groups was found (P<0.05, t=0.731). Improvements in the Sit-to-Stand Test and Duke Activity Status Index were demonstrated (P<0.001). Data from the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 showed small but not significant reductions in the severity of physical, fatigue, pain and appetite functioning scales. For the more complex patients, average weekly inpatient physiotherapy contacts per person increased from three in 2018–2019 to seven in 2021–2022. Patient compliance and satisfaction was high following implementation of the service development project. Conclusions Prehabilitation improves pre-operative functional status and combined with effective inpatient rehabilitation, may reduce hospital length of stay for those undergoing complex colorectal cancer surgery. Implications for practice Services that offer surgery for locally advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer should consider implementing a prehabilitation programme to improve pre-operative functional status. For those undergoing more complex surgeries, increased post-operative rehabilitation provision should be considered, as combined with prehabilitation, it may reduce hospital length of stay.
Vertical perception following stroke: a survey of rehabilitation therapists’ opinions on the impact of vertical perception deficits on rehabilitation and recovery
Authors: Shaw Amelia , Johnson Louise , Cook Katherine , Faulkner James 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims Following stroke, people can present with spatial perceptual deficits, which are associated with vertical perception deficits and are known to negatively influence the outcome of rehabilitation. It is not known how vertical perception deficits influence rehabilitation therapists’ assessment and treatment choices. A survey of mainly UK-based physiotherapists and occupational therapists was undertaken to explore views and current practice in relation to vertical perception following stroke. Specifically, the survey investigated rehabilitation therapists’ views on terminology, assessment and treatment, impact on functional outcome and clinical decision making. Methods An online survey was completed by a convenience sample of 70 rehabilitation therapists (52 physiotherapists and 18 occupational therapists). Results Vertical perception deficits were commonly encountered by respondents and were diagnosed mainly through observation. Respondents were confident in their ability to assess and treat vertical perception deficits. Vertical perception deficits were understood to be associated with pushing behaviour, neglect, weight-bearing asymmetry and decreased balance. Respondents understood it was related to severe, right-sided strokes with sensory and proprioceptive loss, but were inconsistent in their awareness of the specific brain regions involved in vertical perception deficits, specifically in posterior circulation strokes. Respondents reported that stroke survivors with vertical perception deficits require longer periods of rehabilitation, and overall have a worse functional outcome than those without. A variety of treatment options were used to address vertical perception deficits. Conclusions Further research should investigate the treatment and assessment used by rehabilitation therapists in relation to vertical perception deficits following stroke. Implications for practice Vertical perception deficits are commonly encountered in stroke rehabilitation. Rehabilitation therapists identify this mainly through observation. There are currently no methods to quantify vertical perception deficits in the clinical environment. Individuals living with vertical perception deficit may require longer periods of rehabilitation. At present, there are no evidence-based interventions to address vertical perception deficits in people who have had a stroke.
Nodular-defect induced degradation of laser damage resistance of 532 nm high reflectivity coating after exposure to gamma rays
Authors: Peng Yunqi , Xia Xusheng , Xia Zhilin , Liu Xuyi , Zhang Weili , Cui Yun , Nasibli Humbet , Qin Yuyang , Shao Jianda , Zhao Yuan’an 
Published: December 2024

The coupling effect of gamma-ray radiation and 532 nm nanosecond laser radiation on optical coatings and substrates was investigated. Fused silica and S-BSL7 glass with 532 nm high reflectivity (HR) coatings were irradiated using 60Co gamma-ray source at a dose rate of 1 Gy/s for a total dose of 1–500 kGy. After irradiation, the samples were subjected to raster scan testing using a laser with a pulse width of approximately 8.6 nanosecond and wavelength of 532 nm to measure their laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT). The results showed that S-BSL7 glass was significantly darkened after gamma-ray irradiation, whereas fused silica did not change color, but E’ color centers appeared at a dose of 500 kGy. All the coated samples maintained a high level of reflectivity. No significant changes are observed in the material structures of the samples. However, the LIDT of the high reflectivity film decreased significantly after 500 kGy irradiation, whereas the LIDT of all other samples showed no obvious degradation. Scanning electron microscopy of the damage pit cross-sections revealed that all the damage was initiated by nodular defects, suggesting that gamma rays affected the nodular structure. We used Monte Carlo simulations to compare the energy deposition and electron excitation conditions of the film with a nodular structure and an intact multilayer structure under gamma-ray irradiation. We found that the nodular structure slightly enhanced the effect of gamma rays on the film. Considering the small size of the nodules, this small enhancement was only apparent under high-dose gamma-ray irradiation. In general, we confirmed that gamma-ray irradiation influenced the LIDT of the 532 nm HR coating through nodular defects other than the coating stack.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 and associated factors among students in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dagnaw Tenagework Eseyneh , Delie Amare Mebrat , Kassie Tadele Derbew , Berihun Sileshi , Tesfa Hiwot , Zewdie Amare 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The World Health Organization (WHO) has not confirmed the eradication of the COVID-19 pandemic or the development of a cure. Ongoing research is necessary to update public understanding, attitudes, and behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to COVID-19 among students in Ethiopia.

Objective
To estimate the pooled proportions and associated factors of knowledge, positive attitude, and prevention practice toward COVID-19 among students in Ethiopia.

Methods
The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered on the PROSPERO database. Data extraction was done using an Excel spreadsheet, and analysis was conducted using STATA. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) grading approach. A narrative summary and random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval were used. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. The results were presented using a forest plot and tables.

Result
Out of 2089 studies reviewed, only 16 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled proportions of COVID-19 good knowledge, positive attitude, and good prevention practice among students in Ethiopia were found to be 62.68% [95% CI 50.96–74.40, I2 = 98.93%], 60.22% [95% CI 51.64–68.80, I2 = 97.68%], 48.47% [95% CI, 44.16–52.78, I2 = 91.45%] respectively. Factors that affected knowledge included marital status, family size, sex, study year, and residency. Knowledge and residency were identified as predictors of attitude. Determinants of practice included knowledge, attitude, sex, study program, and residency.

Conclusion
The pooled proportion of students in Ethiopia with good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices regarding COVID-19 was low. Policymakers, the Ministry of Health, Public Health Institutions, and other stakeholders should intensify their efforts on COVID-19 and develop interventions aimed at females, rural residents, and extension students. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database with ID = CRD42023478234.