bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological awareness and reading achievement in university students
Authors: Metsala Jamie L. , Parrila Rauno , Conrad Nicole J. , Deacon S. Hélène 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examined morphological awareness and reading achievement in university students in two ways. First, students with and without a self-reported history of reading difficulties were compared on word reading and text reading achievement, and on the reading-related skills of morphological awareness, orthographic processing, and phonological processing. Second, the unique contribution of morphological awareness to reading achievement was examined for a larger sample of first-year university students. Students with a self-reported history of reading difficulties (n = 54) showed moderate to large gaps in each area of reading achievement, and timed reading comprehension appeared more severely impaired than word-reading efficiency. These students had a deficit in morphological awareness that persisted even when (a) phonological awareness and orthographic processing skills, or (b) word-reading accuracy were statistically controlled. In the larger first-year sample (N = 211), morphological awareness contributed to variance in word reading beyond that accounted for by phonological awareness and orthographic processing. Furthermore, of the reading-related skills, only morphological awareness made a unique contribution to reading comprehension beyond variance accounted for by word reading. Taken together, these results demonstrate that morphological awareness makes unique contributions to university students’ reading achievement and is an additional difficulty for students with a self-reported history of reading difficulties.
An innovative approach for the assessment of mood disturbances in patients with eating disorders
Authors: Tecuta Lucia , Fava Giovanni Andrea , Tomba Elena 
Published: April 2019

Objective.Assessment of mood in eating disorders (EDs) has important clinical implications, but the current standard psychiatric classification (DSM-5) has limitations. The aim of the current study is to broaden the evaluation of depressive symptomatology by providing a comprehensive and innovative assessment approach in EDs through instruments that capture clinical phenomena of demoralization, subclinical distress, and psychological well-being.Methods.Seventy-nine patients who met diagnostic criteria for EDs of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth edition (DSM-5) were evaluated for depressive symptoms through Paykel’s Clinical Interview for Depression, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 for major depressive episode and persistent depressive disorder, and the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR) interview for demoralization. Further, self-report inventories encompassing psychological well-being and distress were used.Results.Guilt, abnormal reactivity to social environment, and depressed mood were the most common depressive symptoms in the sample. DSM-defined depressive disorders were found in 55.7% of patients. The DCPR-demoralization criteria identified an additional 20.3% of the sample that would have been undetected with DSM criteria. Both DSM and DCPR diagnostic categories were associated with compromised psychological well-being and distress. Demoralization, unlike depression, was not associated with the severity of ED symptomatology.Conclusion.The findings indicate that a standard psychiatric approach, DSM-5-based, captures only a narrow part of the spectrum of mood disturbances affecting patients with EDs. A broadened clinimetric assessment unravels the presence of demoralization and yields clinical distinctions that may entail prognostic and therapeutic differences among patients who would be otherwise simply labeled as depressed.
Highly compact GaN-based all-digital transmitter chain including SPDT T/Rx switch for massive MIMO applications
Authors: Hühn Florian , Wentzel Andreas , Heinrich Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a fully digital transmitter chain from baseband to antenna, including a modulator, two truly digital (i.e. fully switched) microwave power amplifiers and a transmit/receive switch. Both, amplifier and switch monolithic microwave integrated circuits were implemented in a GaN HEMT process. The novel amplifier design provides greatly reduced complexity, needing only three voltage sources. Measurements were conducted using 5, 20, and 100 MHz wide baseband signals. Carrier frequencies cover the 900 and 2000 MHz bands. For the 5 MHz BB signal an ACLR of over 52 dB is reached, fulfilling the 3GPP specs for base station use while still maintaining a final-stage drain efficiency of 46% at 6.5 dB peak to average power ratio. Full-scale output power at 30 V supply voltage was measured to exceed 3 W at 80% drain efficiency. Further features of this digital amplifier approach include small form factor and frequency agility, making it an ideal candidate for software defined radio.
No Difference in Magnesium Intake between Obese Women and Healthy Controls
Authors: Morais Jennifer Beatriz Silva , de Freitas Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho , Severo Juliana Soares , de Oliveira Ana Raquel Soares , Cruz Kyria Jayanne Clímaco , de Almendra Freitas Betânia de Jesus e Silva , Colli Célia , do Nascimento Marreiro Dilina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Magnesium is a predominantly intracellular ion and plays an important role in energy metabolism and in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. This study aimed to estimate the dietary intake of magnesium and its association with adiposity parameters in obese women. This cross-sectional study included 125 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups: obese group (n = 62) and control group (n = 63). The control group was age-matched. Adiposity parameters determined were weight, body mass index and waist circumference as well as the intake of calories, macronutrients, and magnesium were calculated. The cut-off for obesity was body mass index between 30.0 and 39.9 kg/m2 and for control group was between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2 Food intake was calculated using 3-day food records, and energy consumption as well as the intake of macronutrients and magnesium was calculated using the NutWin software version 1.5. The reference values used were the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for macronutrients and the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for magnesium. The average levels of magnesium found in the diet were lower than those recommended (169.1 ± 64.5 mg Mg/day and 158.5 ± 42.9 mg Mg/day, for obese women and control group, respectively) and the differences between the groups were not statistically different (p > 0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that the association between the dietary intake of magnesium and adiposity was not significant. The results of this study indicate that dietary magnesium does not influence the adiposity parameters in obese women.
Ionospheric Response to the 21 May 2012 Annular Solar Eclipse Over Taiwan
Authors: Liu J. Y. , Yang S. S. , Rajesh P. K. , Sun Y. Y. , Chum J. , Pan C. J. , Chu Y. H. , Chao C. K. , Chang L. C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn annular solar eclipse swept over Taiwan in the early morning on 21 May 2012. This provides an excellent opportunity to study ionospheric response to the solar eclipse mainly due to photochemical effects. Local ground‐based Global Positioning System receivers, an ionosonde, high frequency‐continue wave Doppler sounding systems, and very low frequency receivers are used to observe ionospheric eclipse signatures. These multiinstrument observations show that the extreme total electron content (TEC) depression lags the maximum obscuration by about 5–20 min, while the Doppler frequency shift decreases and increases (i.e., the ionosphere ascends and descends) during first contact‐maximum obscuration and maximum obscuration‐last contact, respectively. The ionosonde data well agree with the TEC and Doppler frequency shift observations. The results show that the extreme TEC depression lag (i.e., delay time) being inversely proportional to the associated maximum obscuration confirms that the photochemical process is essential in Taiwan during the 21 May 2012 annular solar eclipse. A theoretical derivation is proposed for the first time to explain the delay time due to pure photochemical process during solar eclipses.
Self‐Entrainment Motion of a Slow‐Moving Landslide Inferred From Landsat‐8 Time Series
Authors: Lacroix Pascal , Araujo Gael , Hollingsworth James , Taipe Edu 
Published: April 2019

In mountainous environments, slow‐moving landslides (velocities <100 m/year) are a major concern for local populations. Rainfall is often the dominant forcing, and often result in major changes in kinematics which can mask smaller signals related to internal forcings. We focus here on a major (>40 Mm3) slow‐moving landslide in the desert of southern Peru and take advantage of this arid environment to study the internal processes affecting landslide kinematics. We first estimate the ground displacement from time series analysis of Landsat‐8 images, spanning a 5.7‐year period. Systematic artifacts in the optical time series are shown to correlate with topography, as well as vary seasonally. We apply a novel procedure for correcting these artifacts, which significantly reduces noise in the resulting time series, thereby allowing us to precisely resolve landslide displacements. We find landslide velocities of up to 35 m/year, with complex nonlinear interannual pattern, including a period of rapid acceleration. We validate our optically derived time series using Global Navigation Satellite System field measurements and find uncertainties (root‐mean‐square error) on the moving mass of 1.12 to 1.55 m. Sudden acceleration of the landslide body after March 2016 may originate from a mass collapse due to retrogression of the headscarp. By coupling sparse 3‐D Global Navigation Satellite System measurements with dense 2‐D optical time series data, we show that the headscarp retrogression acts like a wedge, resulting in domino‐like tilting of the downward blocks, and accelerates basal sliding over 2 years. These observations reveal that the dynamics of this retrogressive landslide are predominantly controlled by sediment supply and that succession of retrogressive and advancing motions is a self‐entrainment process.
ICEBEAR: An All‐Digital Bistatic Coded Continuous‐Wave Radar for Studies of the E Region of the Ionosphere
Authors: Huyghebaert Devin , Hussey Glenn , Vierinen Juha , McWilliams Kathryn , St‐Maurice J.‐P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Ionospheric Continuous‐wave E region Bistatic Experimental Auroral Radar (ICEBEAR) is a coherent scatter ionospheric radar. It operates at a frequency of 49.5 MHz, which is ideal for observing E region coherent echoes. The radar is located in Saskatchewan, Canada, and is operated by the University of Saskatchewan. The ICEBEAR system uses a continuous‐wave (CW) signal and requires isolation between the receiving and transmitting arrays. This was accomplished through a bistatic setup, where the receiver and transmitter are ≈240 km apart. Currently, the ICEBEAR system implements a pseudo random noise phase modulation on this CW signal to obtain 3‐km range resolution and 5‐s integration time images of E region ionospheric irregularities over a 600 km × 600 km field of view. The center of the field of view is located at ≈58°N, 106°W. The radar design allows for future improvements to temporal and/or spatial resolutions. Each site consists of a linear phased array with 10 equally spaced antennas. This, combined with modern digital radio hardware, provides azimuthal angle of arrival measurements at the receiving array and azimuthal transmission control at the transmitting array. This publication describes the radio hardware and signal processing used by the ICEBEAR radar and emphasizes the unique capabilities of the radar. First ICEBEAR observations from a Kp ≥ 4 event on 10 March 2018, are presented and shown to produce simultaneously the four types of previously characterized E region coherent scatter echoes.
Recent Global Cropland Water Consumption Constrained by Observations
Authors: Chen Yongzhe , Feng Xiaoming , Fu Bojie , Shi Weiyue , Yin Lichang , Lv Yihe 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnder current global warming and accelerated population growth scenarios, cropland irrigation water consumption has become a central issue limiting the sustainability of coupled human‐natural systems. This study proposes a new estimate of recent global cropland water consumption constrained by observations and provides attributions for its recent trend. By incorporating observations, including extracted cropland leaf area index and irrigation threshold data, this study provides improved estimates of recent global cropland evapotranspiration and transpiration as well as irrigation water consumption and withdrawal. The global annual consumption and withdrawal of irrigation water are estimated to be approximately 874 and 1,867 km3 (in 2005), respectively. From 2000 to 2014, a rapid increase in cropland irrigation was detected, especially in water‐deficient areas (i.e., hyperarid, arid, and semiarid regions). Climate change, which mainly consists of rising temperature and reduced moisture conditions, is usually distinguished as the major driving factor. Human‐induced increases in crop canopy cover have also contributed to more irrigation in hyperarid and arid regions. This study also provides suggestions for water‐savings‐targeted cropland management in water‐deficient areas based on the transpiration ratio (i.e., ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration).
Self‐Similar Morphodynamics of Gilbert and Hyperpycnal Deltas Over Segmented Two‐Slope Bedrock Channels
Authors: Lai Steven Yueh Jen , Chiu Yi‐Juei , Wu Fu‐Chun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDelta progradation over segmented two‐slope bedrocks is prevalent in nature, where the bedrock slope upstream or downstream of the slope‐break knickpoint is steepened by continued tectonic uplift or subsidence. Understanding the morphodynamics of the most common types of delta in different slope settings is important for interpreting the observed delta progradation into reservoir and predicting delta evolutions under future tectonic/climate scenarios or anthropogenic interventions. Here, we present an experimental and analytical study demonstrating the morphological responses of Gilbert‐type and hyperpycnal deltas to variations of bedrock slopes. Steepening the upstream slope accelerates shoreline migration; steepening the downstream slope decelerates shoreline migration. In either case, the subaqueous volume is enhanced yet the subaerial volume is reduced. Both types of delta exhibit self‐similar morphologies when evolving over segmented bedrocks. Hyperpycnal deltas, through enhanced sediment fluxes driven by dense underflows, develop larger subaqueous volumes. We further demonstrate the underlying self‐similarities in sediment flux and bed growth rate that come into play for attaining the self‐similar morphologies. The combined effect of flowrate (Q) and sediment supply rate (I) may be characterized by a dimensionless Q/I ratio. Increasing Q/I advances the entire delta. For Gilbert deltas, shoreline migration accelerates with Q/I. For hyperpycnal deltas, shoreline migration exhibits a “first‐accelerate‐then‐decelerate” trend with Q/I in a limited range of slope combinations close to the single‐slope setting, indicating that the effect of Q/I emerges only when the two‐slope effect is weak or absent. Away from this near‐single‐slope range, the two‐slope effect becomes dominant, thus suppressing the effect of Q/I.
Seasonality of Intraseasonal Variability in Global Climate Models
Authors: Nakano M. , Kikuchi K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tropical intraseasonal (30–90 days) oscillation (ISO) displays distinctive behaviors in boreal summer and winter. How well each mode is simulated in climate models has been investigated; however, very few studies have examined whether these modes are simulated in appropriate season. Here we developed diagnostics to assess this aspect and applied these diagnostics to numerous atmosphere‐only and atmosphere–ocean‐coupled models. We found out that all models share serious biases and that they sometimes incorrectly simulate the boreal summer ISO mode even in boreal winter and underestimate the appearance frequency of the boreal summer ISO in boreal summer. Nearly all atmosphere‐ocean‐coupled models show some improvements in the ISO seasonality representation compared to their atmosphere‐only counterparts. It is suggested that good models for simulating the ISO seasonality have good life cycles for each ISO mode and that an accurate reproduction of the seasonal mean low‐level zonal wind is crucial.
Tremor and Inferred Slow Slip Associated With Afterslip of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake
Authors: Ohta Kazuaki , Ito Yoshihiro , Hino Ryota , Ohyanagi Shukei , Matsuzawa Takanori , Shiobara Hajime , Shinohara Masanao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCharacterizing shallow interplate slip is essential for modeling the potential generation of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis. Large postseismic crustal deformation caused by the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake suggests the occurrence of shallow afterslip, but it is unclear what kind of slip is dominant at the shallow plate interface. Here we report episodic tremor activity south of the primary rupture area based on ocean bottom seismometer observations. Five tremor episodes with recurrence intervals of ~60 days show migration behavior and shear mechanisms consistent with plate subduction, indicating the occurrences of the episodic slow slip events in the vicinity of the afterslip area. The association of slow slip events and afterslip sheds new light on the frictional nature and stress state of shallow megathrusts and may help predict the possible rupture extent of future earthquakes.
Origin of Shallow Volcanic Tremor: The Dynamics of Gas Pockets Trapped Beneath Thin Permeable Media
Authors: Girona Társilo , Caudron Corentin , Huber Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLinking volcano‐seismic signals with subsurface processes is crucial to improve the forecasting of volcanic eruptions. One of the most enigmatic signals is shallow volcanic tremor, a highly periodic ground vibration that is typically sourced beneath the crater of active volcanoes, is long lasting (from minutes to years), appears during unrest periods, and frequently precedes eruptions. In this paper, we demonstrate that shallow tremor can be produced by periodic pressure oscillations emerging spontaneously beneath permeable media (e.g., fractured magma caps). These pressure oscillations are the result of three concurrent processes: (a) the transient porous flow of gases through the permeable cap; (b) the temporary accumulation of these gases beneath the cap, forming a gas pocket; and (c) the random supply of volatiles from deeper levels. For highly permeable media (≥10−12 m2; realistic for shallow volcanic edifices), the pressure in subsurface gas pockets is governed by the equation of a linear oscillator; hence, under proper conditions, periodic pressure oscillations emerge during the transfer of gases from the Earth's interior to the surface. Our model is consistent with geophysical data showing that the tremor source is localized at a fixed region and can explain the main characteristics of ground vibrations, including frequency gliding, variations of seismic amplitude prior to eruptions, and the different types of tremor observed. For thin permeable caps (<100 m), we find that different eruption mechanisms (e.g., magma ascent vs. cap sealing) leave distinct footprints in the tremor properties, thus opening new perspectives to forecast the type and style of impending eruptions.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia management in cervical spinal cord injury patients: an exploratory survey of variations to care across specialised and non-specialised units
Authors: McRae Jackie , Smith Christina , Beeke Suzanne , Emmanuel Anton 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Study design
A multi-centre online survey to staff working in specialised and non-specialised acute units.

Objectives
To identify clinical decisions and practices made for acute cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) patients with respiratory impairments and oropharyngeal dysphagia.

Settings
All hospital intensive care units in the UK that admit acute cervical spinal cord injury patients.

Methods
Online distribution of a 35-question multiple-choice survey on the clinical management of ventilation, swallowing, nutrition, oral hygiene and communication for CSCI patients, to multi-disciplinary staff based in specialised and non-specialised intensive care units across UK.

Results
Responses were received from 219 staff members based in 92 hospitals. Of the 77 units that admitted CSCI patients, 152 participants worked in non-specialised and 30 in specialised units. Non-specialised unit staff showed variations in clinical decisions for respiratory management compared to specialised units with limited use of vital capacity measures and graduated weaning programme, reliance on coughing to indicate aspiration, inconsistent manipulation of tracheostomy cuffs for speech and swallowing and limited use of instrumental assessments of swallowing. Those in specialised units employed a multi-discplinary approach to clinical management of nutritional needs.

Conclusions
Variation in the clinical management of respiratory impairments and oropharyngeal dysphagia between specialised and non-specialised units have implications for patient outcomes and increase the risk of respiratory complications that impact mortality. The future development of clinical guidance is required to ensure best practice and consistent care across all units.
Therapeutic targeting of BRCA1 and TP53 mutant breast cancer through mutant p53 reactivation
Authors: Na Bing , Yu Xin , Withers Tracy , Gilleran John , Yao Ming , Foo Tzeh Keong , Chen Chunxia , Moore Dirk , Lin Yong , Kimball S. David , Xia Bing , Ganesan Shridar , Carpizo Darren R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset for which effective therapeutic approaches are needed. A significant proportion of TNBC patients harbor either germline or somatic mutations in BRCA1, or epigenetic silencing of BRCA1, which renders them deficient in DNA repair. Virtually all BRCA1 deficient breast cancers harbor mutations in TP53 suggesting that inactivation of p53 is a requirement for tumor progression in the setting of BRCA1 deficiency. Due to this dependency, we hypothesized that restoring wild type p53 function in BRCA1 deficient breast cancer would be therapeutic. The majority of TP53 mutations are missense, which generate a defective protein that potentially can be targeted with small molecules. Zinc metallochaperones (ZMCs) are a new class of anti-cancer drugs that specifically reactivate zinc-deficient mutant p53 by restoring zinc binding. Using ZMC1 in human breast cancer cell lines expressing the zinc deficient p53R175H, we demonstrate that loss of BRCA1 sensitizes cells to mutant p53 reactivation. Using murine breast cancer models with Brca1 deficiency, we demonstrate that ZMC1 significantly improves survival of mice bearing tumors harboring the zinc-deficient Trp53R172H allele but not the Trp53−/− allele. We synthesized a new formulation of ZMC1 (Zn-1), in which the drug is made in complex with zinc to improve zinc delivery, and demonstrate that Zn-1 has increased efficacy. Furthermore, we show that ZMC1 plus olaparib is a highly effective combination for p53R172H tumor growth inhibition. In conclusion, we have validated preclinically a new therapeutic approach for BRCA1 deficient breast cancer through reactivation of mutant p53.