bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Hierarchical Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr‐LDH Heterostructured Nanorod Arrays with Multiphase Reaction Interfaces for More Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ran Lei , Yin Longwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFabricating hierarchical and highly matched heterostructure with large surface areas and multiple interfaces is an effective approach to enhancing the photo electrochemical performance. Here, well‐aligned hierarchical Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr‐layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanorod arrays are reported, aiming at accelerating charge separation and transfer kinetics. The modifications of Cu7S4 and CoCr‐LDH based on TiO2 have endowed the photoanode a surprising enhancement in both ultraviolet light absorption and charge separation efficiency due to highly matched band alignment. The formation of heterojunction is an effective strategy to prevent photocorrosion of Cu7S4 by attaching protective layers on Cu7S4. Moreover, other than the hierarchical morphology with enlarged active surface areas would provide sufficient active sites for the water oxidation processes and pore channels for the gas escaping, owing to the special band alignment of three components, multiple reaction interfaces are produced and involved in the water splitting process, since the photoinduced holes for water oxidation are simultaneously distributed in CoCr‐LDH and Cu7S4. As expected, this synergistic effect in this ternary Cu7S4/TiO2/CoCr‐LDH heterogeneous photoanode gives rise to a largely enhanced photoconversion efficiency (0.58% at 0.6 V) and photocurrent density (2.04 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V).
Portable Smartphone‐Based Platform for Real‐Time Particle Detection in Microfluidics
Authors: Salafi Thoriq , Zeming Kerwin Kwek , Lim Jia Wei , Raman Rahul , Seah Andrew Wei Ren , Tan Mei Peng , Zhang Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReal‐time particle detection is an integral part of microfluidics for diagnostics. The detection method is typically performed with the use of bulky and expensive instruments including a bench‐top microscope, high‐speed camera, and fluidic pump. This limits the practical applications of microfluidics for real‐time point‐of‐care detection. Here, a portable and low‐cost smartphone microscopy platform is developed for real‐time particle detection in microfluidics based on a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) lens, modular 3D printed accessory, plug‐and‐play paper pump, and a novel particle counting algorithm. The PDMS lens is developed using a new method based on the PDMS precuring and hydrophobic modification on a pillar template to allow for fabrication of various lens shapes with high reproducibility and broad range magnification ratio from 30× to 100×. The modular 3D printed smartphone accessory allows for easy imaging setup to cater for different size of microchannel and the paper pump design provides a convenient single‐step process to drive the fluid. The platform is implemented to count the moving particles in the outlet of microfluidics deterministic lateral displacement with 94% counting accuracy. This platform provides huge potential applications for real‐time point‐of‐care detection that can be integrated with various microfluidic techniques.
Boron Trifluoride Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles and Spiro‐indeneindolones from Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Balasubramani Alagesan , Suresh Eringathodi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn expedient method was demonstrated for the synthesis of 3‐alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindoles from readily available propargylic alcohols and isatin imines in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O as a catalyst under open‐air atmosphere. The above reaction was time‐dependent and further extended to the one‐pot synthesis of highly substituted spiro‐indeneindolones via 1,3‐amino group migration/Friedel‐Crafts cyclization. This methodology, which tolerates a broad variety of functional groups, offers versatile and atom‐economical access to 3‐alkenyl‐3‐amino‐2‐oxindole or spiro‐indeneindolone derivatives in good yield at room temperature.magnified image
Intrinsically Stretchable Resistive Switching Memory Enabled by Combining a Liquid Metal–Based Soft Electrode and a Metal–Organic Framework Insulator
Authors: Yi Xiaohui , Yu Zhe , Niu Xuhong , Shang Jie , Mao Guoyong , Yin Tenghao , Yang Huali , Xue Wuhong , Dhanapal Pravarthana , Qu Shaoxing , Liu Gang , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMechanical flexibility and electrical reliability establish the fundamental criteria for wearable and implantable electronic devices. In order to receive intrinsically stretchable resistive switching memories, both the electrode and storage media should be flexible yet retain stable electrical properties. Experimental results and finite element analysis reveal that the formation of 3D liquid metal galinstan (GaInSn) calabash bunch conductive network in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix allows GaInSn@PDMS composite as soft electrode with the stable conductivity of >1.3 × 103 S cm−1 at the stretching strains of >80% and a fracture strain extreme of 108.14%, while the third‐generation metal–organic framework MIL‐53 thin film with a facial rhombohedral topology enables large mechanical deformation up to a theoretical level of 17.7%. Combining the use of liquid metal–based electrode and MIL‐53 switching layer, for the first time, intrinsically stretchable RRAM device Ag/MIL‐53/GaInSn@PDMS is demonstrated that can exhibit reliable resistive switching characteristics at the strain level of 10%. The formation of fluidic gallium conductive filaments, together with the structural flexibility of the GaInSn@PDMS soft electrode and MIL‐53 insulating layer, accounts for the uniform resistive switching under stretching deformation scenario.
Recent Advances in Black Phosphorus‐Based Electronic Devices
Authors: Tan Wee Chong , Wang Lin , Feng Xuewei , Chen Li , Huang Li , Huang Xin , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe rediscovery of graphene in the recent past has propelled the rapid development of exfoliation and other thin layer processing techniques, leading to a renewed interest in black phosphorus (BP). Since 2014, BP has been extensively studied due to its superior electronic, photonic, and mechanical properties. In addition, the unique intrinsic anisotropic characteristics resulting from its puckered structure can be utilized for designing new functional devices. In retrospect, significant efforts have been directed toward the synthesis, basic understanding, and applications of BP in the fields of nanoelectronics, ultrafast optics, nanophotonics, and optoelectronics. Here, the recent development of BP‐based devices, such as nanoribbon field‐effect transistors, complementary logic circuits, memory devices, and the progress made in meeting the challenges associated with contact resistance, in‐plane anisotropy, and advanced gate stack, are reviewed. Finally, the prospects of 2D materials in meeting the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductor requirements for the year 2030 are discussed.
Interweaving 3D Network Binder for High‐Areal‐Capacity Si Anode through Combined Hard and Soft Polymers
Authors: Liu Tiefeng , Chu Qiaoling , Yan Cheng , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Lu Jun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSi anodes suffer an inherent volume expansion problem. The consensus is that hydrogen bonds in these anodes are preferentially constructed between the binder and Si powder for enhanced adhesion and thus can improve cycling performance. There has been little research done in the field of understanding the contribution of the binder's mechanical properties to performance. Herein, a simple but effective strategy is proposed, combining hard/soft polymer systems, to exploit a robust binder with a 3D interpenetrating binding network (3D‐IBN) via an in situ polymerization. The 3D‐IBN structure is constructed by interweaving a hard poly(furfuryl alcohol) as the skeleton with a soft polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the filler, buffering the dramatic volume change of the Si anode. The resulting Si anode delivers an areal capacity of >10 mAh cm−2 and enables an energy density of >300 Wh kg−1 in a full lithium‐ion battery (LIB) cell. The component of the interweaving binder can be switched to other polymers, such as replacing PVA by thermoplastic polyurethane and styrene butadiene styrene. Such a strategy is also effective for other high‐capacity electroactive materials, e.g., Fe2O3 and Sn. This finding offers an alternative approach in designing high‐areal‐capacity electrodes through combined hard and soft polymer binders for high‐energy‐density LIBs.
Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence from a Remarkably Simple Boron Difluoride Formazanate Dye
Authors: Maar Ryan R. , Zhang Ruizhong , Stephens David G. , Ding Zhifeng , Gilroy Joe B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA boron difluoride formazanate dye that exhibits near‐infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence was produced via a straightforward two‐step synthesis. Examination of its solid‐state structure suggested that the N‐aryl substituents have significant quinoidal character, which narrows the S1–S0 energy gap and leads to the unique optoelectronic properties observed. Cyclic voltammetry studies revealed two oxidation waves and two reduction waves that were electrochemically reversible. Electrochemiluminescence properties were examined in the presence of tri‐n‐propylamine, leading to maximum intensity at 910 nm, at least 85 nm (1132 cm−1) red‐shifted compared to all other organic dyes. This work sets the stage for the development of future generations of dyes for emerging applications, including single‐cell imaging, that require near‐infrared photoluminescence and electrochemiluminescence.
Direct Evidence for the Polymeric Nature of Polydopamine
Authors: Delparastan Peyman , Malollari Katerina G. , Lee Haeshin , Messersmith Phillip B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractInspired by the adhesive proteins of mussels, polydopamine (pDA) has emerged as one of the most widely employed materials for surface functionalization. Despite numerous attempts at characterization, little consensus has emerged regarding whether pDA is a covalent polymer or a noncovalent aggregate of low molecular weight species. Here, we employed single‐molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to characterize pDA films. Retraction of a pDA‐coated cantilever from an oxide surface shows the characteristic features of a polymer with contour lengths of up to 200 nm. pDA polymers are generally weakly bound to the surface through much of their contour length, with occasional “sticky” points. Our findings represent the first direct evidence for the polymeric nature of pDA and provide a foundation upon which to better understand and tailor its physicochemical properties.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization of 13C Nuclei in the Liquid State over a 10 Tesla Field Range
Authors: Orlando Tomas , Dervişoğlu Rıza , Levien Marcel , Tkach Igor , Prisner Thomas F. , Andreas Loren B. , Denysenkov Vasyl P. , Bennati Marina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques play an essential role in natural science and medicine. In spite of the tremendous utility associated with the small energies detected, the most severe limitation is the low signal‐to‐noise ratio. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique based on transfer of polarization from electron to nuclear spins, has emerged as a tool to enhance sensitivity of NMR. However, the approach in liquids still faces several challenges. Herein we report the observation of room‐temperature, liquid DNP 13C signal enhancements in organic small molecules as high as 600 at 9.4 Tesla and 800 at 1.2 Tesla. A mechanistic investigation of the 13C‐DNP field dependence shows that DNP efficiency is raised by proper choice of the polarizing agent (paramagnetic center) and by halogen atoms as mediators of scalar hyperfine interaction. Observation of sizable DNP of 13CH2 and 13CH3 groups in organic molecules at 9.4 T opens perspective for a broader application of this method.
Selective Formation of an FeIVO or an FeIIIOOH Intermediate From Iron(II) and H2O2: Controlled Heterolytic versus Homolytic Oxygen–Oxygen Bond Cleavage by the Second Coordination Sphere
Authors: Cheaib Khaled , Mubarak M. Qadri E. , Sénéchal‐David Katell , Herrero Christian , Guillot Régis , Clémancey Martin , Latour Jean‐Marc , de Visser Sam P. , Mahy Jean‐Pierre , Banse Frédéric , Avenier Frédéric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate that the devised incorporation of an alkylamine group into the second coordination sphere of an FeII complex allows to switch its reactivity with H2O2 from the usual formation of FeIII species towards the selective generation of an FeIV‐oxo intermediate. The FeIV‐oxo species was characterized by UV/Vis absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Variable‐temperature kinetic analyses point towards a mechanism in which the heterolytic cleavage of the O−O bond is triggered by a proton transfer from the proximal to the distal oxygen atom in the FeII‐H2O2 complex with the assistance of the pendant amine. DFT studies reveal that this heterolytic cleavage is actually initiated by an homolytic O−O cleavage immediately followed by a proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) that leads to the formation of the FeIV‐oxo and release of water through a concerted mechanism.
Nitridophosphates: A Success Story of Nitride Synthesis
Authors: Kloß Simon D. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNitridophosphates and phosphorus nitrides are thoroughly investigated classes of nitrides. During thirty years of research, the methods for their synthesis evolved from the condensation of molecular precursors at moderate temperatures and ambient pressures to state‐of‐the‐art high‐pressure and high‐temperature processes. Landmark breakthroughs made in recent years led to a comprehension‐based proficiency in nitridophosphate synthesis that is illustrated by the large compositional and structural diversity of the nitridophosphates known today. Herein, we review the advances made in synthesis with regard to the prevalent problem of nitride synthesis: the susceptibility of nitride ions to oxidation.
Conservation implications of angler misidentification of an endangered fish
Authors: Lyon Jarod P. , Tonkin Zeb , Moloney Paul D. , Todd Charles , Nicol Simon 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Conservation strategies for endangered species often include protection from harvest by humans. Correct species identification is paramount for this form of management to be effective.
Trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis) is a threatened Australian freshwater fish, occupying habitats in the southern Murray–Darling basin. Trout cod, although protected from angling, morphologically resemble Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a species that is a key target of recreational anglers.
During a long‐term mark–recapture study, angler return data were collected both for Murray cod and trout cod.
Up to 40% of trout cod captured were identified by anglers as Murray cod, and the chance of misidentification increased with the increasing size of trout cod, implying that this species could be inadvertently retained by anglers. Moreover, unnecessary angling mortality of adult breeding individuals is likely to delay the time for recovery of this threatened species.
As a large and vocal user group, anglers can play a key role in promoting the conservation of aquatic areas and fish species. There is a need for anglers and fishery managers to understand this problem and to work together on a solution, through the tighter enforcement of regulations where trout cod are present, and through an increased emphasis on education.
Error monitoring in decision‐making and timing is disrupted in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Doenyas Ceymi , Mutluer Tuba , Genç Egemen , Balcı Fuat 
Published: November 2018

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties in social interactions. The cognitive domains that support these interactions include perceptual decision‐making, timing, and error‐monitoring, which enable one to appropriately understand and react to the other individual in communicative settings. This study constitutes a comprehensive exploration of decision‐making and interval timing in ASD as well as the first investigation of error‐monitoring abilities of individuals with ASD regarding their performance in the corresponding domains. We found that children with ASD fared similar to typically developing (TD) children in their first‐order task performance in two‐alternative forced choice perceptual decision‐making and temporal reproduction tasks as well as the secondary tasks (signal detection and free finger tapping tasks). Yet, they had a deficit in error‐monitoring in both tasks where their accuracy did not predict their confidence ratings, which was the case for the TD group. The difference between ASD and TD groups was limited to error‐monitoring performance. This study attests to a circumscribed impairment in error‐monitoring in individuals with ASD, which may partially underlie their social interaction problems. This difficulty in cognitively evaluating one's own performance may also relate to theory of mind deficits reported for individuals with ASD, where they struggle in understanding the mental states and intentions of others. This novel finding holds the potential to inform effective interventions for individuals with ASD that can target this error‐monitoring ability to have broad‐ranging effects in multiple domains involved in communication and social interaction. Autism Res 2019, 12: 239–248 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryDecision‐making, timing, and error‐monitoring are three of many abilities that underlie smooth social interactions. To date, these domains have been only investigated separately, but given their interactive role in social interactions that are impaired in ASD, we conducted the first study to investigate them together. Children with ASD were as successful as typically developing children in their task performances, but unlike them, were unaware of their errors in both decision‐making and timing tasks. This deficit that is limited to error‐monitoring can contribute to unraveling the unique cognitive signature of ASD and to formulating interventions with positive implications in multiple domains.
The effect of decision timing on the willingness to costly reward cooperation and punish noncooperation: Sanctioning the past, the present, or the future
Authors: Molenmaker Welmer E. , de Kwaadsteniet Erik W. , van Dijk Eric 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that sanctions can promote cooperation. However, it is important to know not only that sanctions can work but also under what conditions people are actually willing to sanction cooperation positively (i.e., reward) or noncooperation negatively (i.e., punish). In this article, we demonstrate that people use sanctions less often and sanction more mildly when they decide about sanctioning before (instead of after) the occurrence of others' (non)cooperation (Experiments 1 and 2), regardless of whether they decide directly afterwards or after a time delay (Experiment 2). Moreover, we reveal that beforehand (as compared with afterwards) people have not yet formed clear sanctioning preferences (Experiment 3). These findings corroborate our reasoning that the decision environment beforehand induces nonconsequential reasoning and thereby hampers people's willingness to sanction. We discuss the theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our work.
Diversification benefits of using exchange‐traded funds in compliance to the sustainable development goals
Authors: Miralles‐Quirós José Luis , Miralles‐Quirós María Mar , Nogueira José Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSocially responsible investment has acquired a global dimension beyond moral values, which includes sustainability, risk management, and corporate social responsibility as the main elements. At the same time, from the launch of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) included in the United Nations 2030 Agenda, with its 169 outcomes and 230 indicators, investors are being asked to contribute with their business activities, asset allocations, and investment decisions to solve some of the most urgent problems the world is facing (poverty, clean water, clean energy, decent work and economic growth, and climate action among others). The aim of our research is to analyze the benefits of adding SDGs exchange‐traded funds (ETFs) to a stock–bond portfolio and evaluate the out‐of‐sample performance of four strategies using the returns and volatility forecasts from a rolling sample approach. Our results show that it is possible for investors to obtain benefits from investing in ETFs, which track companies focused on contributing to the SDGs, especially those focused on decent work and economic growth and clear improvements in portfolio performance compared with the initial stock–bond portfolio. These findings are relevant not only for academics but also for active professional managers who can use this technique to add value to investment strategies.
Microfoundations of companies' dynamic capabilities for environmentally sustainable innovation: Case study insights from high‐tech innovation in science‐based companies
Authors: Mousavi Seyedesmaeil , Bossink Bart , van Vliet Mario 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo achieve sustainable development, companies are increasingly putting an emphasis on the creation and the promotion of environmentally sustainable innovations. Environmentally sustainable innovation often involves a significant shift in a new strategic direction. This paper studies this shift from a dynamic capabilities perspective and aims to identify the microfoundations of science‐based companies' dynamic capabilities for high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations. It investigates the development of high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations in two distinctive science‐based companies. To scholars, this study provides an in‐depth process analysis, over time, of how and why microfoundations of dynamic capabilities influence the development of a science‐based company's high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovations. To practitioners in science‐based firms, this process study can function as a frame of reference, enabling the tailoring of a strategy for high‐tech environmentally sustainable innovation.
Beyond symbolic and substantive: Strategic disclosure of corporate environmental information in China
Authors: Meng Xiaohua , Zeng Saixing , Xie Xuemei , Zou Hailiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnder increasing regulatory pressure to disclose environmental impacts, corporate environmental information disclosure (EID) is becoming more prevalent. However, the motives for EID and disclosure approaches (i.e., symbolic or substantive) remain controversial. Using a sample of data for 742 listed manufacturing firms in China across 3 years, we provide evidence to show that the level of EID is significantly positively associated with a firm's advertising intensity and that firms in moderately competitive industries have a higher propensity for adopting an EID‐based differentiated strategy than firms in stronger or weaker competitive industries. We also find that firms that are more sensitive to environmental issues strategically understate their environmental impact when directly facing consumers. Our results suggest that the implementation of corporate EID is strategic and that firms have strong market motives, even under regulatory pressure to demonstrate legitimacy. We discuss this study's contributions to research on EID theory and implications for strategic EID management.