bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical biological control of the African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae, a major threat to the European citrus industry
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez J. , Krüger K. , Pérez-Hedo M. , Ruíz-Rivero O. , Urbaneja A. , Tena A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCitrus greening or huanglongbing (HLB) is the main threat to the European citrus industry since one of its vectors, the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae, has recently become established in mainland Europe. In this context, classical biological control programmes should be implemented to reduce the spread of the psyllid. The aims of this study were to: i) disentangle the parasitoid complex of T. erytreae combining morphological and molecular characterization; and ii) to study the biology of its main parasitoids in its area of origin in South Africa for their future importation into Europe. The main citrus producing areas of South Africa were surveyed during 2017. In contrast to previous studies, the parasitoid complex of T. erytreae included three species of primary parasitoids: Tamarixia dryi, Psyllaephagus pulvinatus and another parasitoid of the genus Tamarixia. Molecular analysis showed that it is a new species closely related to T. dryi. Tamarixia dryi was the most abundant parasitoid but its relative abundance varied among sampling sites. The sex ratio (males/females) of T. dryi and Tamarixia sp. decreased with T. erytreae size and became female biased when psyllid nymphs were larger than 0.6 and 1.2 mm2, respectively. These parasitoids were attacked by three species of hyperparasitoids, Aphidencyrtus cassatus, Marietta javensis and a species of the genus Aphanogmus. Aphidencyrtus cassatus, the most abundant hyperparasitoid, tended to emerge from large nymphs, and adult females lived as long as those of T. dryi. The implications of these results are discussed within the framework of the introduction of T. dryi into Europe.
BIN1 favors the spreading of Tau via extracellular vesicles
Authors: Crotti Andrea , Sait Hameetha Rajamohamend , McAvoy Kathleen M. , Estrada Karol , Ergun Ayla , Szak Suzanne , Marsh Galina , Jandreski Luke , Peterson Michael , Reynolds Taylor L. , Dalkilic-Liddle Isin , Cameron Andrew , Cahir-McFarland Ellen , Ransohoff Richard M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite Bridging INtegrator 1 (BIN1) being the second most statistically-significant locus associated to Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease, its role in disease pathogenesis remains to be clarified. As reports suggest a link between BIN1, Tau and extracellular vesicles, we investigated whether BIN1 could affect Tau spreading via exosomes secretion. We observed that BIN1-associated Tau-containing extracellular vesicles purified from cerebrospinal fluid of AD-affected individuals are seeding-competent. We showed that BIN1 over-expression promotes the release of Tau via extracellular vesicles in vitro as well as exacerbation of Tau pathology in vivo in PS19 mice. Genetic deletion of Bin1 from microglia resulted in reduction of Tau secretion via extracellular vesicles in vitro, and in decrease of Tau spreading in vivo in male, but not female, mice, in the context of PS19 background. Interestingly, ablation of Bin1 in microglia of male mice resulted in significant reduction in the expression of heat-shock proteins, previously implicated in Tau proteostasis. These observations suggest that BIN1 could contribute to the progression of AD-related Tau pathology by altering Tau clearance and promoting release of Tau-enriched extracellular vesicles by microglia.
Layer- and subregion-specific electrophysiological and morphological changes of the medial prefrontal cortex in a mouse model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Mitrić Miodrag , Seewald Anna , Moschetti Giorgia , Sacerdote Paola , Ferraguti Francesco , Kummer Kai K. , Kress Michaela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic neuropathic pain constitutes a serious public health problem, but the disease mechanisms are only partially understood. The involvement of different brain regions like the medial prefrontal cortex has already been established, but the comparison of the role of different subregions and layers is still inconclusive. In the current study, we performed patch-clamp recordings followed by anatomical reconstruction of pyramidal cells from different layers of the prelimbic and infralimbic subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex in neuropathic (spared nerve injury, SNI) and control mice. We found that in the prelimbic cortex, layer 2/3 pyramidal cells from SNI mice exhibited increased excitability compared to sham controls, whereas prelimbic layer 5 pyramidal neurons showed reduced excitability. Pyramidal cells in both layer 2/3 and layer 5 of the infralimbic subregion did not change their excitability, but layer 2/3 pyramidal cells displayed increased dendritic length and branching. Our findings support the view that chronic pain is associated with subregion- and layer-specific changes in the medial prefrontal cortex. They therefore provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the chronification of pain.
Rigorous broadband study of the intrinsic ferromagnetic linewidth of monocrystalline garnet spheres
Authors: Pacewicz Adam , Krupka Jerzy , Salski Bartlomiej , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Kopyt Pawel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work demonstrates the first application of direct broadband (1 GHz–30 GHz) quality (Q) factor measurements of the uniform precession mode in magnetised garnet spheres for the accurate determination of the room-temperature intrinsic ferromagnetic linewidth (ΔH). The spheres were enclosed in a subwavelength cavity, so that the measured Q-factor depended mainly on their magnetic losses and the conduction losses of the cavity walls. The contribution of the latter is assessed by means of the recently proposed magnetic plasmon resonance model and has been found to be negligible. A total of 10 samples made from commercially available pure yttrium iron garnet (YIG) and gallium-substituted YIG have been measured, differing in diameter and/or saturation magnetisation Ms. The dependence of the intrinsic ΔH on the internal magnetic field is found to have near-perfect linear dependence, which cannot be said about the typically studied extrinsic ΔH even at high frequencies. It is found that the difference between the two linewidths, which becomes significant at low frequencies, can be attributed to a geometric effect. Due to its fundamental nature, this work is applicable not only to magnetic material characterization, but also to the study of the origins of losses in magnetic materials.
Structural insights into the ability of nucleoplasmin to assemble and chaperone histone octamers for DNA deposition
Authors: Franco Aitor , Arranz Rocío , Fernández-Rivero Noelia , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Martín-Benito Jaime , Segura Joan , Prado Adelina , Valpuesta José M. , Muga Arturo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNucleoplasmin (NP) is a pentameric histone chaperone that regulates the condensation state of chromatin in different cellular processes. We focus here on the interaction of NP with the histone octamer, showing that NP could bind sequentially the histone components to assemble an octamer-like particle, and crosslinked octamers with high affinity. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the NP/octamer complex generated by single-particle cryoelectron microscopy, revealed that several intrinsically disordered tail domains of two NP pentamers, facing each other through their distal face, encage the histone octamer in a nucleosome-like conformation and prevent its dissociation. Formation of this complex depended on post-translational modification and exposure of the acidic tract at the tail domain of NP. Finally, NP was capable of transferring the histone octamers to DNA in vitro, assembling nucleosomes. This activity may have biological relevance for processes in which the histone octamer must be rapidly removed from or deposited onto the DNA.
Low friction of metallic multilayers by formation of a shear-induced alloy
Authors: Cihan Ebru , Störmer Heike , Leiste Harald , Stüber Michael , Dienwiebel Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDuring sliding of metallic surfaces, the near surfaces undergo significant changes in terms of topography, composition and microstructure. Since friction and wear behavior of the materials are strongly influenced by sub-surface deformations, it is fundamental to investigate these effects. Therefore, the present study aims towards a better understanding of the behavior of friction depending on well-defined initial microstructures. By performing sliding experiments on Au-Ni multilayer samples under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, we observe that the individual layer thickness of multilayer systems has a strong influence on friction behavior due to the transition in the dominant deformation mechanism near the surface. The experiments reported here provide a new route for lowering the friction force of metallic material systems in dry contact by providing more stable microstructures and alloy formation. Through ultrafine grains present in the alloy formed by mechanical mixing the number of grain boundaries strongly increases and hence, grain boundary-mediated deformation results in the low friction coefficient.
Entanglement structure of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model as a quantum simulator of a Heisenberg chain
Authors: Morera I. , Polls Artur , Juliá-Díaz Bruno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe consider a quantum simulator of the Heisenberg chain with ferromagnetic interactions based on the two-component 1D Bose-Hubbard model at filling equal to two in the strong coupling regime. The entanglement properties of the ground state of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model are compared to those of the effective spin model as the interspecies interaction approaches the intraspecies one. A numerical study of the entanglement properties of the two-component Bose-Hubbard model is supplemented with analytical expressions derived from the effective spin Hamiltonian. When the pure ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain is considered, the entanglement properties of the effective Hamiltonian are not properly predicted by the quantum simulator.
On-chip photonic decision maker using spontaneous mode switching in a ring laser
Authors: Homma Ryutaro , Kochi Satoshi , Niiyama Tomoaki , Mihana Takatomo , Mitsui Yusuke , Kanno Kazutaka , Uchida Atsushi , Naruse Makoto , Sunada Satoshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEfficient and accurate decision making is gaining increased importance with the rapid expansion of information communication technologies including artificial intelligence. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-chip, integrated photonic decision maker based on a ring laser. The ring laser exhibits spontaneous switching between clockwise and counter-clockwise oscillatory dynamics; we utilize such nature to solve a multi-armed bandit problem. The spontaneous switching dynamics provides efficient exploration to find the accurate decision. On-line decision making is experimentally demonstrated including autonomous adaptation to an uncertain environment. This study paves the way for directly utilizing the fluctuating physics inherent in ring lasers, or integrated photonics technologies in general, for achieving or accelerating intelligent functionality.
SMRT sequencing reveals differential patterns of methylation in two O111:H- STEC isolates from a hemolytic uremic syndrome outbreak in Australia
Authors: Forde Brian M. , McAllister Lauren J. , Paton James C. , Paton Adrienne W. , Beatson Scott A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 1995 a severe haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) outbreak in Adelaide occurred. A recent genomic analysis of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) O111:H- strains 95JB1 and 95NR1 from this outbreak found that the more virulent isolate, 95NR1, harboured two additional copies of the Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) genes encoded within prophage regions. The structure of the Stx2-converting prophages could not be fully resolved using short-read sequence data alone and it was not clear if there were other genomic differences between 95JB1 and 95NR1. In this study we have used Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to characterise the genome and methylome of 95JB1 and 95NR1. We completely resolved the structure of all prophages including two, tandemly inserted, Stx2-converting prophages in 95NR1 that were absent from 95JB1. Furthermore we defined all insertion sequences and found an additional IS1203 element in the chromosome of 95JB1. Our analysis of the methylome of 95NR1 and 95JB1 identified hemi-methylation of a novel motif (5′-CTGCm6AG-3′) in more than 4000 sites in the 95NR1 genome. These sites were entirely unmethylated in the 95JB1 genome, and included at least 177 potential promoter regions that could contribute to regulatory differences between the strains. IS1203 mediated deactivation of a novel type IIG methyltransferase in 95JB1 is the likely cause of the observed differential patterns of methylation between 95NR1 and 95JB1. This study demonstrates the capability of PacBio SMRT sequencing to resolve complex prophage regions and reveal the genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity within a clonal population of bacteria.
A novel method for rapid detection of a Helicobacter pylori infection using a γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-activatable fluorescent probe
Authors: Akashi Taro , Isomoto Hajime , Matsushima Kayoko , Kamiya Mako , Kanda Tsutomu , Nakano Masayuki , Onoyama Takumi , Fujii Masashi , Akada Junko , Akazawa Yuko , Ohnita Ken , Takeshima Fuminao , Nakao Kazuhiko , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green probe (gGlu-HMRG) reacts with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and immediately produces fluorescence, is clinically applied for real-time cancers’ visualization. Since Helicobacter pylori produces GGT, this study aimed to investigate whether gGlu-HMRG can be used to detect H. pylori infections. A wild-type H. pylori strain and the ggt gene-disrupted mutant were cultured and treated with gGlu-HMRG. This fluorescent probe assay was used to quantify GGT activity of H. pylori ex vivo using gastric biopsy specimens. The H. pylori diagnostic capabilities of the assay were determined from altered fluorescence intensity (FI) values at 5 min (FIV-5) and 15 minutes (FIV-15). Distinct fluorescence was identified in wild H. pylori strain, using gGlu-HMRG, whereas no fluorescence was observed in ggt gene-disrupted mutant strain. On ex vivo imaging of gGlu-HMRG, fluorescence intensity increased markedly with time in H. pylori-positive specimens; however, the H. pylori-negative specimens displayed a slight increase in FI. FIV-5 and FIV-15 differed significantly between H. pylori-positive and -negative specimens. FIV-15 differed significantly between H. pylori-positive and -eradicated group. This assay sensitivity and specificity were 75.0% and 83.3% in the antrum and 82.6% and 89.5% in the stomach body. GGT-activatable fluorescence probe is applicable for rapid diagnosis of H. pylori.
Chemical vs entomopathogenic control of Thaumastocoris peregrinus (Hemiptera: Thaumastocoridae) via aerial application in eucalyptus plantations
Authors: Wilcken Carlos Frederico , Dal Pogetto Mário Henrique Ferreira do Amaral , Lima Alexandre Coutinho Vianna , Soliman Everton Pires , Fernandes Bianca Vique , da Silva Isabel Moreira , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Barbosa Leonardo Rodrigues , Zanuncio José Cola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTheThaumastocoris peregrinusspread to eucalyptus plantations in many countries. Chemical control is a questionable measure, mainly due to the environmental impact, high cost and moreover has the use restricted by the forest certifications. Bio-insecticides may have similar efficiency to chemical products to controlT. peregrinus. The chemical thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin, acephate and the microbialBeauveria bassianaandMetarhizium anisopliaeinsecticides were tested at different doses to manageT. peregrinus. The products were sprayed on eucalyptus plants using aircraft and populations of this insect were counted before application and at 1, 14 and 21 days afterwards (DAA). Ten eucalyptus trees were evaluated per plot, with the collection of ten leaves from the middle third of the crown of each tree, and the number ofT. peregrinusnymphs and adults obtained per leaf was determined. All the chemical insecticides had similar control at 1 DAA forT. peregrinusnymphs and adults. At 14 DAA, the number ofT. peregrinusnymphs and adults on eucalyptus leaves was similar for the chemical and microbial insecticide treatments. At 21 DAA the control efficiency ofT. peregrinusnymphs and adults was higher than 80% with all insecticides. The entomopathogenic insecticides have potential for aerial application to controlT. peregrinusnymphs and adults and provide viable and environmentally-friendly alternative to manage this pest.
The Fungal Histone Acetyl Transferase Gcn5 Controls Virulence of the Human Pathogen Candida albicans through Multiple Pathways
Authors: Shivarathri Raju , Tscherner Michael , Zwolanek Florian , Singh Nitesh Kumar , Chauhan Neeraj , Kuchler Karl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFungal virulence is regulated by a tight interplay of transcriptional control and chromatin remodelling. Despite compelling evidence that lysine acetylation modulates virulence of pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unexplored. We report here that Gcn5, a paradigm lysyl-acetyl transferase (KAT) modifying both histone and non-histone targets, controls fungal morphogenesis – a key virulence factor of C. albicans. Our data show that genetic removal of GCN5 abrogates fungal virulence in mice, suggesting strongly diminished fungal fitness in vivo. This may at least in part arise from increased susceptibility to killing by macrophages, as well as by other phagocytes such as neutrophils or monocytes. Loss of GCN5 also causes hypersensitivity to the fungicidal drug caspofungin. Caspofungin hypersusceptibility requires the master regulator Efg1, working in concert with Gcn5. Moreover, Gcn5 regulates multiple independent pathways, including adhesion, cell wall-mediated MAP kinase signaling, hypersensitivity to host-derived oxidative stress, and regulation of the Fks1 glucan synthase, all of which play critical roles in virulence and antifungal susceptibility. Hence, Gcn5 regulates fungal virulence through multiple mechanisms, suggesting that specific inhibition of Gcn5 could offer new therapeutic strategies to combat invasive fungal infections.
Social defeat stress causes selective attenuation of neuronal activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Abe Reimi , Okada Sakura , Nakayama Ryota , Ikegaya Yuji , Sasaki Takuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays key roles in higher cognitive abilities, including mental representations and the regulation of emotion. Previous studies have reported that vmPFC activity is altered in depressed human patients, highlighting this subregion as a major site of dysfunction in neuropsychiatric diseases. To examine how neuronal activity at spike levels in the vmPFC is altered by social defeat stress, we performed electrophysiological multiunit recordings along the dorsoventral axis of the mPFC of freely moving mice. Chronic social defeat stress-susceptible mice showing an impairment in social interaction exhibited significant reductions in the overall spike frequencies of neurons in the vmPFC, but not in the dorsal mPFC. Analysis of local field potentials revealed that the vmPFC generated spatially constrained 20–40 Hz events lasting hundreds of milliseconds, with an average event frequency of 0.05 Hz; during these events, a subset of neurons were transiently inhibited. The frequency of 20–40 Hz events in the vmPFC was reduced in defeated stress-susceptible animals, and this decrease was reversed by systemic ketamine administration. The novel neurophysiological correlates of stress-induced changes in the vmPFC advance the understanding of the neural basis of stress-induced dysregulation of social behavior.
Versican is crucial for the initiation of cardiovascular lumen development in medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Mittal Nishant , Yoon Sung Han , Enomoto Hirokazu , Hiroshi Miyama , Shimizu Atsushi , Kawakami Atsushi , Fujita Misato , Watanabe Hideto , Fukuda Keiichi , Makino Shinji 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVersican is an evolutionary conserved extracellular matrix proteoglycan, and versican expression loss in mice results in embryonic lethality owing to cardiovascular defects. However, the in utero development of mammals limits our understanding of the precise role of versican during cardiovascular development. Therefore, the use of evolutionarily distant species that develop ex utero is more suitable for studying the mechanistic basis of versican activity. We performed ENU mutagenesis screening to identify medaka mutants with defects in embryonic cardiovascular development. In this study, we described a recessive point mutation in the versican 3′UTR resulting in reduced versican protein expression. The fully penetrant homozygous mutant showed termination of cardiac development at the linear heart tube stage and exhibited absence of cardiac looping, a constricted outflow tract, and no cardiac jelly. Additionally, progenitor cells did not migrate from the secondary source towards the arterial pole of the linear heart tube, resulting in a constricted outflow tract. Furthermore, mutants lacked blood flow and vascular lumen despite continuous peristaltic heartbeats. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanistic basis of versican in cardiac development, and this mutant represents a novel genetic model to investigate the mechanisms of vascular tubulogenesis.
The decline of farmland birds in Spain is strongly associated to the loss of fallowland
Authors: Traba Juan , Morales Manuel B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFarmland bird populations have strongly declined across Europe over the last decades due to agriculture intensification, despite successive reforms of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). In parallel, CAP has led to a reduction of fallow land, a critical habitat for biodiversity in agroecosystems. Fallow land in Spain, a country harboring the largest European populations of many endangered farmland birds, has decreased by 1.1 million ha in 15 years. The significant positive relationship between yearly change rates of the Spanish Farmland and Cereal Bird Indices (FBI and CBI) and fallow surface change highlights the adequacy of fallow land cover as an indicator of the state of farmland bird communities at country level. Moreover, the strong and positive association between the reduction in abundance of the fallow specialist little bustard and fallow surface suggests a potential causal link between these two factors. These results highlight the need for a new CAP that guarantees the maintenance of fallow land in European agroecosystems if farmland bird populations are to be conserved.