bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Distal Radius Rim Fractures—Technical Pearls
Authors: Shi Tiffany , Sullivan Lauren , Qazi Uzair , Bhandari P. Laxminarayan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Distal radius fractures are common and vary based on their fracture pattern. Fractures distal to the watershed line are called rim fractures or marginal fractures. In addition to challenges already faced when treating distal radius fractures at other sites, rim fractures pose particular challenges in proper identification, reduction, and stabilization. This article reviews this specific subset of distal radius fractures and its management.
Vanderbilt University Rehabilitation Approach to Zone 2 Tendon Repairs in the Hand
Authors: Stehr Justin , Wimbiscus Mae , Sullivan Lauren E. , Torres-Guzman Ricardo A. , Bhandari Panambur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Zone 2 of the hand, which stretches from the region between the A1 pulley at the distal palmar crease to the insertion of the FDS tendon at the end of the A4 pulley, is notable for its high complication rate following surgery. Many of these complications, such as adhesions, contractures, and tendon rupture, can be avoided through adequate rehabilitation. We document the rehabilitation protocol at Vanderbilt University Medical center, which is characterized by 4 phases. An initial postoperative phase emphasizes shielding the flexor tendons with little motion, a second phase focuses on an orthosis to keep the metacarpophalangeal joints flexed at 45 degrees, a third phase focuses on strengthening exercises, and a fourth phase that focuses on transitioning to normal activities without restriction.
Craniosynostosis
Authors: Sullivan Lauren E. , Li Ruoying , Tong Victoria S. , Jagasia Puja , Bonfield Christopher M. , Golinko Michael S. , Pontell Matthew E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Craniosynostosis is characterized by the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, which can lead to abnormal skull shape and restricted skull growth. Although most cases are present in isolation, some are associated with genetic syndromes, such as Pfeiffer, Muenke, Couzon, Apert, and others, which increases the complexity of care. Today, a spectrum of surgical options to treat craniosynostosis are available and range from traditional open cranial vault remodeling to newer and less invasive suturectomy-based techniques. Which procedure is offered to a patient depends on not only the specific synostosis pattern but also factors such as patient age, the need for additional procedures or interventions, and evidence of elevated intracranial pressure. Thorough consultations with families to discuss achievable goals for cosmesis and function are essential in providing optimal care to each impacted child.
Radial Longitudinal Deficiency
Authors: Bhat Anil K. , Pai G Mithun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Radial longitudinal deficiency (RLD) is a multidimensional congenital hand difference encompassing skeletal, musculotendinous, and joint components. Managing RLD remains challenging, with numerous surgical procedures over the past century failing to achieve a stable, mobile, growing wrist without recurrence of the deformity. This review investigates new therapeutic approaches for RLD, delving into genetic, embryological, and histological aspects, including proximal muscle involvement and causes of recurrence.
A notable association between RLD and preaxial polydactyly, linked to aberrations in the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, is highlighted, suggesting a common embryonic origin. Experimental evidence indicates that ectopic Sonic Hedgehog signaling can result in radial aplasia and preaxial polydactyly. Histopathological studies revealed significant muscle abnormalities in RLD, contributing to deformities and recurrences.
Techniques such as preoperative soft tissue distraction show promise, but recurrence rates persist. Alternative surgical procedures, such as vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint transfer and ulna cuff osteotomy, offer potential improvements by minimizing recurrence and optimizing limb length.
Despite advancements, effective management of RLD requires further research into the interplay between genetic factors, muscle abnormalities, and surgical outcomes. This review underscores the importance of early detection, genetic counseling, and a multidisciplinary approach to enhance long-term functional and aesthetic results for RLD patients.
The
Rickettsia
actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 contribute differently to cell-to-cell spread and pathogenicity
Authors: Tran Cuong J. , Zubair-Nizami Zahra , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Welch Matthew D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Rickettsia parkeri
is an obligate intracellular, tick-borne bacterial pathogen that can cause eschar-associated rickettsiosis in humans.
R. parkeri
invades host cells, escapes from vacuoles into the cytosol, and undergoes two independent modes of actin-based motility mediated by effectors RickA or Sca2. Actin-based motility of
R. parkeri
enables bacteria to enter protrusions of the host cell plasma membrane that are engulfed by neighboring host cells. However, whether and how RickA and Sca2 independently contribute to cell-to-cell spread
in vitro
or pathogenicity
in vivo
has been unclear. Using live cell imaging of
rickA
::Tn and
sca2
::Tn mutants, we discovered both RickA and Sca2 contribute to different modes of cell-to-cell spread. Compared with Sca2-spread, RickA-spread involves the formation of longer protrusions that exhibit larger fluctuations in length and take a longer time to be engulfed into neighboring cells. We further compared the roles of RickA and Sca2
in vivo
following intradermal infection of
Ifnar1
-/-
;
Ifngr1
-/-
double-knockout mice, which exhibit eschars and succumb to infection with wild-type
R. parkeri
. We observed that RickA is important for severe eschar formation, whereas Sca2 contributes to larger foci of infection in the skin and dissemination from the skin to the internal organs. Our results suggest that actin-based motility effectors RickA and Sca2 drive two distinct forms of cell-to-cell spread and contribute differently to pathogenicity in the mammalian host.
T cell mediated impairment of epithelial integrity in Crohn’s disease
Authors: Hamoudi Sarah , Hammoudi Nassim , Bonnereau Julie , Sonn Anthony , Capelle Elisabeth , Bezault Madeleine , Chardiny Victor , Bonnet Joëlle , Minh My-Linh Tran , Gornet Jean-Marc , Baudry Clotilde , Corte Hélène , Maggiori Léon , Toubert Antoine , Becht Etienne , Allez Matthieu , Bourhis Lionel Le 
Published: November 2024

AbstractT lymphocytes play a major role in intestinal homeostasis, with a particular impact on the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, the intestinal mucosa is inflamed, epithelium permeability is increased, and IECs present compositional and functional defects. The role of T lymphocytes interactions with IECs in the physiopathology of CD remains in question. Here, we use a three-dimensional human autologous coculture model between purified intestinal organoids derived from primary tissues of CD and non-inflammatory control patients, and mucosal T lymphocytes extracted from the same location. We show that while in homeostatic context T cells support the proliferation and differentiation balance of organoids, mucosal T lymphocytes from CD patients present a high cytotoxicity against IECs. Importantly, this cytotoxicity is a persistent defect overtime in culture. Organoids also show defective intestinal stem cells (ISCs) proliferation and morphological changes. Single cell RNA sequencing after coculture highlights a general response of T cells to the epithelial microenvironment, and more particularly, an increase activation of a pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells effector population in CD patients compared to controls.Graphical abstract
Resting After Learning Facilitates Memory Consolidation and Reverses Spatial Reorientation Impairments in ‘New Surroundings’ in 3xTg-AD Mice
Authors: Stimmell A. C. , Alday L. J. , Marquez Diaz J. , Moseley S. C. , Cushing S. D , Salvador E. M. , Ragsdale S. M. , Wilber A. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSleep is an essential component of productive memory consolidation and waste clearance, including pathology associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Facilitation of sleep decreases Aβ and tau accumulation and is important for the consolidation of spatial memories. We previously found that 6-month female 3xTg-AD mice were impaired at spatial reorientation. Given the association between sleep and AD, we assessed the impact of added rest on impaired spatial reorientation that we previously observed. We randomly assigned 3xTg-AD mice to a rest (n=7; 50 min pre- & post-task induced rest) or a non-rest group (n=7; mice remained in the home cage pre- & post-task). Mice in both groups were compared to non-Tg, age-matched, non-rest controls (n=6). To confirm that our sleep condition induced sleep, we performed the same experiment with rest sessions for both 3xTg-AD and non-Tg mice (n=6/group) implanted with recording electrodes to capture local field potentials (LFPs), which were used to classify sleep states. Markers of pathology were also assessed in the parietal-hippocampal network, where we previously showed pTau positive cell density predicted spatial reorientation ability (pTau, 6E10, M78, and M22). However, we found that 3xTg-AD rest mice were not impaired at spatial reorientation compared to non-Tg mice and performed better than 3xTg-AD non-rest mice (replicating our previous work). This recovered behavior persisted despite no change in the density of pathology positive cells. Thus, improving sleep in early stages of AD pathology offers a promising approach for facilitating memory consolidation and improving cognition.
Occurrence of a ‘CandidatusPhytoplasma pruni’-Related Strain Associated with Commercial Poinsettias in Turkey
Authors: Benlioglu Kemal , Ozyilmaz Umit , Yurttas Huseyin Faruk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrimaWilld. ex Klotzsch.) is one of Turkey’s most important potted ornamental crops. Potted poinsettia plants exhibiting smaller-sized brilliant red bracts against the green leaves with free-branching were collected from commercial florists in three provinces of Turkey. In iPhyClassifier analysis, the query 16SrDNA sequences of our isolates shared 99.58% identity with that of theCandidatusPhytoplasma pruni. Our leaf samples consistently yielded a product of 0.7 kb by PCR with primers (KFD4F/KFD4R), which was newly designed based on X-Disease group (16SrIII) of phytoplasma secY sequences available in GenBank. The partial 16S rRNA sequences were used for phylogenetic analyses covering 41 taxa from the group of 16SrIII’Candidatus Phytoplasma’ strains, including 14 strains causing disease on poinsettia worldwide. The sequences that caused the same disease in poinsettia plants in Finland, the USA, Mexico, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Canada, including three strains from Turkey, formed a mono-phylogenetic group with a support value of 87%.
The association of Mediterranean plant species with herbivorous arthropods and its effect on pest abundance in organic vineyards
Authors: Santos Renata , Naves Pedro , Morais Rita , Rodrigues Leonor R. , Pina Sílvia , Santos Márcia , Rebelo Maria Teresa , Pereira Patrícia Garcia , Magalhães Sara , Figueiredo Elisabete 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon-crop plant resources, such as hedgerows and adjacent woodland areas, may impact the distribution of pest species in the crop. Knowledge on the associations between plants and arthropods as well as their impact on pest distribution is thus key to adequately manage agroecosystems. We selected a number of native Mediterranean plant species located around organic vineyards in Southern Portugal and determined their associations with species of Auchenorrhyncha and phytophagous tetranychid and tenuipalpid mites, including the main species of vineyard pests in the area. We also tested if the abundance of vineyard pests is affected by the distance to the edge and the species of plants present. Most non-crop plants and ground cover vegetation harbored very low numbers of leafhopper pests.Rubus ulmifoliusandTamarix africanaproved to be a repository of non-pest Auchenorrhyncha species, with the former also serving as winter repository of the pestJacobiasca lybica. Rosa caninaandFraxinus angustifoliahosted abundant populations of the spider miteTetranychus urticae. Still, plots next to plant biodiverse margins harbored fewer numbers ofT. urticae, when compared with plots next to other vineyards. Furthermore, pest abundance in vineyards increased with growing distance to plant biodiverse margins. Our results high-light the benefits of biodiverse margins in reducing pest abundance and point to the importance of a good selection of plant species when managing and planning these non-crop plant resources.
Subcortical nuclei of the human ascending arousal system encode anticipated reward but do not predict subsequent memory
Authors: Lloyd Beth , Miletić Steven , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Isherwood Scott , Tse Desmond H. Y. , Håberg Asta , Forstmann Birte , Nieuwenhuis Sander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubcortical nuclei of the ascending arousal system play an important role in regulating brain and cognition. However, functional MRI of these nuclei in humans involves unique challenges due to their size and location deep within the brain. Here, we used ultra-high-field MRI and other methodological advances to investigate the activity of six subcortical nuclei during reward anticipation and memory encoding: the locus coeruleus, basal forebrain, median and dorsal raphe nuclei, substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Participants performed a monetary incentive delay task, which successfully induced a state of reward anticipation, and a 24-hour delayed surprise memory test. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that activity in all subcortical nuclei increased in anticipation of potential rewards as opposed to neutral outcomes. In contrast, activity in none of the nuclei predicted memory performance 24 hours later. These findings provide new insights into the cognitive functions that are supported by the human ascending arousal system.
Timely neurogenesis enables increased nuclear packing order during neuronal lamination
Authors: Ferme Lucrezia C. , Ryan Allyson Q. , Haase Robert , Modes Carl D. , Norden Caren 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe coordination of cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation is crucial for organogenesis in many tissues, including the central nervous system and other organs that arise from pseudostratified epithelia (PSE). PSE feature densely packed elongated epithelial cells, with nuclei positioned along the apicobasal cell axis in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Also, PSE serve as organ precursors in diverse developmental contexts across evolution. While the role of nuclear movements in PSE has been extensively studied, less is known about whether and how their nuclear packing arrangements and changes of packing state influence tissue morphogenesis. To address this, we analyzed nuclear shapes, sizes and neighborhood statistics by segmenting nuclei in 3D and over development in zebrafish retinal neuroepithelia (RNE). We find that in PSE nuclei exhibit orientational, nematic-like order but remain positionally disordered. This pattern is conserved in other, less packed, neuroepithelia, like the hindbrain, suggesting that nematic-like order is a hallmark of pseudostratification. Our analysis during retinal development also revealed that nuclear packing density increases, approaching theoretical packing limits for disordered monodisperse ellipsoids at stages when the tissue transitions to a laminated neuronal structure. As neurogenesis progresses, nuclear shapes are remodeled, enabling the RNE to shift to a crystalline, ordered structure, while maintaining orientational alignment. Failure to initiate neurogenesis results in severe tissue deformations due to increased buckling instability. Our results thus show an instance where nuclear shape and nuclear positioning and their changes are essential for proper retinal morphogenesis, a phenomenon most likely also found in other tissue arrangements.
Sex-Related Gene Expression in the Posterodorsal Medial Amygdala of Cycling Female Rats Along with Prolactin Modulation of Lordosis Behavior
Authors: Bühler Letícia , de Moura Ana Carolina , Giovenardi Márcia , Goffin Vincent , Rasia-Filho Alberto A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rat posterodorsal medial amygdala (MePD) is sexually dimorphic, has a high concentration of receptors for gonadal hormones and prolactin (PRL), and modulates reproduction. To unravel genetic and functional data for this relevant node of the social behavior network, we studied the expression ofERα, ERβ, GPER1, Kiss1, Kiss1R, PRGR, PRL, PRLR, EGR1, JAK2, STAT5A,andSTAT5Bin the MePD of males and females along the estrous cycle using the RT-qPCR technique. We also investigated whether PRL in the MePD would affect the sexual behavior display of proestrus females by microinjecting saline, the PRL receptor antagonist Del1-9-G129R-hPRL (1 µM and 10 µM), or PRL (1 nM) and Del1-9-G129R-hPRL (10 µM) 3h before the onset of the dark-cycle period. The estrogen-dependent lordosis behavior, indicative of sexual receptivity of proestrus females, was recorded and compared before (control) and after (test) microinjections in these groups. Sex differences were found in the right and left MePD gene expression.ERαandKiss1R,as well asPRL, Short PRLR, andSTAT5Bexpression, is higher in cycling females than males.Kiss1expression is higher in males than females, andGPER1is higher during diestrus than proestrus. Furthermore, Del1-9-G129R-hPRL in the MePD significantly reduced the full display and quotient of lordosis in proestrus females, an effect restored by the co-microinjection of PRL. In conjunction, the expression of studied genes showed specific sex and estrous cycle phase features while, in proestrus, PRL action in the MePD plays an essential role in the display of lordosis during the ovulatory period.HighlightsThe MePD expression ofKiss1is higher in males than females.ERαandKiss1Rexpression is higher in cycling females than males.PRL, Short PRLR,andSTAT5Bexpression is higher in cycling females than males.GPER1expression is higher during diestrus than in proestrus.Del1-9-G129R-hPRL action in the MePD reduced lordosis quotient during proestrus.
Sex-specific Regulation of Fentanyl Reward by the Circadian Transcription Factor NPAS2
Authors: Barko Kelly , Shelton Micah A. , DePoy Lauren M. , Gayden-Kozel Jenesis , Kim Sam-Moon , Puig Stephanie , Xue Xiangning , Parekh Puja K. , Tseng George C. , Williams Benjamin R. , Oliver-Smith Jeffrey , Zhu Xiyu , Freyberg Zachary , Logan Ryan W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSynthetic opioids like fentanyl are highly potent and prevalent in the illicit drug market, leading to tolerance, dependence, and opioid use disorder (OUD). Chronic opioid use disrupts sleep and circadian rhythms, which persist even during treatment and abstinence, increasing the risk of relapse. The body’s molecular clock, regulated by transcriptional and translational feedback loops, controls various physiological processes, including the expression of endogenous opioids and their receptors. The circadian transcription factor NPAS2, highly expressed in the nucleus accumbens, may have a crucial function in opioid-related behaviors. Our study found sex-specific roles for NPAS2-mediated reward behaviors in male and female mice, including in fentanyl seeking and craving. We also identified specific cell types and transcriptional targets in the nucleus accumbens of both mice and humans by which NPAS2 may mediate the impact of fentanyl on brain physiology and in opioid reward-related behaviors. Ultimately, our findings begin to uncover the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm dysfunction and opioid addiction.
Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging biomarkers indicating long lasting post-concussion abnormalities in a youth pig model of mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sanjida Islam , Alesa Netzley , Chenyang Li , Jiangyang Zhang , Bianca Dávila-Montero , Ana Vazquez , Shaun Subbaiah , Avner Meoded , Kirk Munoz , Aimee Colbath , Jie Huang , Ricardo Mejia-Alvarez , Jane Manfredi , Galit Pelled 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) caused by sports-related incidents in children and youth can lead to prolonged cognitive impairments, underscoring the importance of improved diagnosis and comprehension of its enduring impacts on neuropathology. A pig model was chosen for its similarities to the human brain in terms of gyrencephalic structure, size, and regional proportions, and a closed-head mTBI was induced in adolescent pigs. In this study, 12 (n=4 male and n=8 female) 16-weeks old Yucatan pigs were tested; n=6 received mTBI and n=6 received a Sham procedure. This study utilized T1-weighted imaging to assess volumetric alterations in different regions of the brain and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine microstructural damage in white matter. The pigs were imaged at one and three months post-injury. Our volumetric analysis of key white and gray matter regions showed significant longitudinal changes in pigs with mTBI compared to sham controls. The observed volume increases may be attributed to swelling, neuroinflammation, or hyperactivity. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived from DTI images demonstrated an increase in corpus callosum from 1 month to 3 months only in mTBI pigs. Additionally, comparisons of the left and right internal capsules revealed a decrease in FA in the right internal capsule for mTBI pigs, likely due to the impact being slightly localized to the right side of the brain, which may indicate demyelination. Thus, the injury has disrupted the maturation of white and gray matter of the developing brain. This signifies the need for longitudinal investigations after mTBI to comprehensively assess its long-term effects and contribute to the clinical management of concussion in youth.
UCE phylogenomics inform the systematics and geographic range evolution of the harvester ant genusPogonomyrmex
Authors: Graber Leland C. , Johnson Robert A. , Moreau Corrie S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe harvester ant genusPogonomyrmexis common in arid regions of North America, South America, and Hispaniola. Here, we use ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to infer the most comprehensive phylogeny of the genus to date. Our inferred topology largely supports previously hypothesizedPogonomyrmexevolutionary relationships and species groups. Our divergence dating analysis substantially pushes back the age of bothPogonomyrmexand the Pogonomyrmecini tribe, suggesting an early Eocene origin forPogonomyrmex. We infer thatPogonomyrmexlikely originated within the Pacific dominion ecoregion of Northern South America.Pogonomyrmex(excluding thePogonomyrmex mayriclade) likely adapted to cooler and drier climates in the middle Eocene. The genus spread to North America in the late Eocene, likely aided by the ephemeral volcanic islands of the Panama Arc. A smaller group ofPogonomyrmexdispersed to Mesoamerica and North America in the Oligocene and to Hispaniola in the Miocene, most likely out of Mesoamerica. Our results suggest that adaptations to arid environments allowedPogonomyrmexto spread and diversify in regions of the Americas that were actively becoming cooler and drier due to orogeny and other geologic processes.