bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular maturation in human preleukemia
Authors: Koeffler HP , Golde DW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow cells from three preleukemic patients with prominent marrow karyotypic abnormalities were studied in liquid culture to determine if the neoplastic clones were capable of maturation. Parallel cytogenetic and cytologic studies were performed in sequentially harvested bone marrow cultures. Maturation, albeit delayed, occurred in cultures from all three patients. By 14 days of culture in vitro, morphologic, cytochemical, and functional evidence of maturation was observed in about 70% of the cells. By day 21, 85% of the cells were mature by these criteria. All but 2 of 249 metaphases from the cultured cells contained the cytogenetic abnormality of the neoplastic clone. We conclude that some preleukemic cells identified by a chromosomal abnormality can mature in vitro. Preleukemia may be viewed as a syndrome of “early leukemia” in which the neoplastic clone is established and manifested functionally as ineffective hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic cell differentiation becomes progressively abnormal with termination in the nearly complete maturational block characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia.
Expression of the major sialoglycoprotein (glycophorin) on erythroid cells in human bone marrow
Authors: Gahmberg CG , Jokinen M , Andersson LC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The major sialoglycoprotein of human erythrocyte membranes (glycophorin) is one of the most-studied membrane proteins. Although the structure is relatively well known, almost nothing is known about its expression in erythroid cells. To study this we raised an antiserum that reacted specifically with this protein. This was accomplished by immunization of rabbits with a preparation of glycophorin followed by absorption with En(a-) erythrocyte membranes, which lack glycophorin. By use of this antiserum and a staphylococcus protein A technique we could establish that only bone marrow cells of erythrocyte lineage express glycophorin at the cell surface. This occurs in basophilic normoblasts and later stages of erythrocyte differentiation, whereas pronormoblasts do not seem to contain glycophorin.
Decrease of mast cells in W/Wv mice and their increase by bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Kitamura Y , Go S , Hatanaka K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Production of tissue mast cells was evaluated in genetically anemic mice of W/Wv genotype and was found to be abnormal. In the skin of adult W/Wv mice the number of mast cells/cm was less than 1% of the number observed in the congeneic +/+ mice. No mast cells were detectable in other tissues of the W/Wv mice. After transplantation of bone marrow cells from +/+ mice the number of mast cells in the skin, stomach, caecum, and mesentery of the W/Wv mice increased to levels similar to those of the +/+ mice. These results show that the W/Wv mouse is a useful tool for the investigations concerning the physiologic roles and the origin of mast cells.
Membrane mechanical properties of ATP-depleted human erythrocytes
Authors: Meiselman HJ , Evans EA , Hochmuth RM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although the relations between the metabolic state and the mechanical properties of human red blood cells (RBC) continue to be of current interest, literature reports in this area are not in agreement. The present investigation was designed to determine several intrinsic mechanical properties of human RBC membranes before and after metabolic depletion via incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. Using micropipette and flow channel techniques, three properties were measured: (1) mu, surface shear modulus of elasticity; (2) K, elastic area compressibility modulus; (3) etap, shear viscosity in the plastic domain. Our results indicate no significant differences in these parameters between fresh and ATP-depleted human RBC membranes. These present data are thus in disagreement with other literature reports indicating large changes in membrane mechanical properties consequent to metabolic depletion. A brief discussion of the possible reasons for this disagreement is presented.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) terminating in multiple myeloma: report of two cases
Authors: Kough RH , Makary AZ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two cases of multiple myeloma (MM) developed late in the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). An 81-yr-old white female developed, after 6 yr of CLL, IgAk MM with sheets of plasma cells abutting sheets of lymphocytes in the bone marrow, multiple pathologic fractures, and 0.26 g/24 free k light chains in the urine. A 74-yr-old white male developed, after 16 yr of CLL, k light chain MM with 20% plasma cells in the bone marrow, multiple panthologic fractures, and 3.7 g/24 hr free k light chains in the urine. In both cases the CLL had responded well to intermittent low-dose chlorambucil therapy, but the MM failed to respond to cyclic melphalanprednisone therapy. A review of 105 cases of CLL seen at the Geisinger Medical Center failed to turn up any other cases of MM developing during the course of CLL. The suggestion that there is an increased prevalence of MM in CLL is an attractive one because both diseases are B cell neoplasms and because of the increased frequency of asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies in CLL found by others.
Synthesis of a peroxidase activity by the cells of hairy cell leukemia: a study by ultrastructural cytochemistry
Authors: Reyes F , Gourdin MF , Farcet JP , Dreyfus B , Breton-Gorius J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nature of cells present in the blood, marrow, and spleen of patients with hairy cell leukemia is largely debated. These cells have been tentatively categorized on the basis of either monocytic or lymphocytic markers, and the accumulating data points to the fact that they share some characteristics of both cell types. Although hairy cells are known to lack myeloperoxidase-positive granules, present in normal human monocytes, we investigated the possible presence of other peroxidase activities differing from the granule-bound myeloperoxidase. The study was carried out with several methods based on the incubation of fixed and unfixed cells in the presence of diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide. A peroxidase activity was found in hairy cells, located always in the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the Golgi apparatus or in any granule. By its cytochemical characteristics it appears to be closely related to that of tissue macrophages, activated blood monocytes, and other nonlymphocytic hematopoietic cells. This peroxidase is not found in lymphocytes with B or T phenotypes.
Detection of factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) in normal plasma
Authors: Nelson JC , Lerner RG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) generated in heat- defibrinated plasma by the addition of thrombin can be measured by 14C- putrescine incorporation into casein. Modification of this assay be substituting 3H-putrescine of high specific activity as the donor amine permits measurement of amine incorporation by plasma even in the absence of added thrombin. Incorporation is calcium dependent, inhibited by iodoacetamide, and absent from congenital factor XIII- deficient plasma and from normal platelets. The transamidating activity detected by radioenzymatic assay catalyzed the formation of gamma-gamma dimers and alpha polymers of fibrin and was thus biologically functional. This fibrin cross-linking activity was absent from factor XIII-deficient plasma. These experiments show (1) some factor XIII is present in plasma as factor XIIIa; (2) this factor XIIIa can cross-link fibrin and thus has biologic activity as well; and (3) this activity is not present in factor XIII-deficient plasma. Factor XIIIa in normal plasma is possibly activated in vivo, perhaps by circulating thrombin, factor Xa, or other proteolytic enzymes.
Microscopic method for assaying F cell production: illustrative changes during infancy and in aplastic anemia
Authors: Dover GJ , Boyer SH , Bell WR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF)-bearing reticulocytes (F reticulocytes) can be detected in peripheral blood by a modification of the microscopic single-cell radial immunodiffusion method. Thereby otherwise inappreciable changes in HbF production can readily be recognized. F reticulocyte frequencies are reporducibly measurable whenever the product of whole blood HbF-bearing red cell (F cell) frequency and reticulocyte frequency is approximately 5 X 10(-4) or greater. Serial analyses of F reticulocytes and nonreticulocyte F cells (F erythrocytes) illustrate that (1) levels of F reticulocytes and F erythrocytes are persistently similar in normal adults with more than 6% F cells and thus cell survival times of F and non-F cells must be essentially the same, (2) changing levels of F reticulocytes can be sensitive predictors of later changes in mature F cell frequencies during infancy and in adults recovering from aplastic anemia, and (3) alterations in F reticulocyte frequency and the amount of HbF per F reticulocyte are discordant in some settings but concordant in others.
Monoclonal IgG anticoagulants delaying fibrin aggregation in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Authors: Galanakis DK , Ginzler EM , Fikrig SM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is paucity of information regarding the prolonged plasma thrombin time known to occur in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Detailed investigations of plasma from two such patients disclosed that IgG accounted for this defect in each case. IgG isolated from plasma of either patient possessed the property of delaying fibrin aggregation and prolonging the clotting times of fibrinogen. Preincubation of IgG from either patient with anti-IgG or anti-Fab (rabbit) serum abolished this anticoagulant property. Moreover, the anticoagulant IgG from the first patient was neutralized with anit-k chain and anti-IgG3, that from the second patient with anti-lambda chain and anti-IgG1 serum. These anticoagulants were also dissimilar with respect to their interactions with fibrin(ogen). IgG from the first patient had no anticoagulant activity against fibrin(ogen) species lacking intact Aalpha chains. IgG from the second patient displayed undiminished anticoagulant effect on such fibrin(ogen) species. We conclude that each anticoagulant interacted with a distinct region(s) on the fibrinogen molecule and that these interactions affect or involve sites that participate in the fibrin self-assembly process.
Human T lymphocyte cell line producing colony-stimulating activity
Authors: Golde DW , Quan SG , Cline MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We derived a permanent human T lymphocyte cell line that elaborates a potent colony-stimulating activity (CSA). The line was established with spleen cells from a patient with a T lymphocyte variant of hairy-cell leukemia. These cells form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, show a proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, and are lysed by antithymocyte globulin. They do not synthesize immunoglobulin, nor do they contain Epstein-Barr virus. CSA is regularly detected in the supernatant medium after 3 days culture. In the presence of PHA there is augmented elaboration of CSA; maximal activity is reached by 2 days and is 20% greater than that produced by a feeder layer of 1 X 10(6) peripheral blood leukocytes. One microliter of the supernatant material stimulated colony formation from the light-density nonadherent fraction of human bone marrow; there was maximal activity between 10 and 50 microliter/ml. Conditioned medium from these cells has little effect in stimulating CFU-C from murine bone marrow. The availability of a human T lymphocyte line producing CSA will provide a source for large quantities of the lymphocyte-derived hormone and permit a definition of factors modulating the interaction of T lymphocytes with granulocyte and monocyte stem cells.
Adriamycin and daunomycin generate reactive oxygen compounds in erythrocytes
Authors: Henderson CA , Metz EN , Balcerzak SP , Sagone AL Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adriamycin and daunomycin produce dose-related cardiac toxicity that may be related to oxygen radicals. Addition of these compounds to human erythrocyte suspensions resulted in stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt activity that was markedly impaired in the absence of oxyhemoglobin. Evidence for generation of hydrogen peroxide by these compounds was provided by oxidation of reduced glutathione, by 14C- formate oxidation, and by the catalase-aminotriazole trapping technique. These experiments indicate that Adriamycin and daunomycin interact with oxyhemoglobin to generate reactive oxygen metabolites. A similar interaction with oxymyoglobin may occur in the heart and produce oxygen radicals that injure cardiac myocytes.
Activation of factor X by factors IXa and VIII; a specific assay for factor IXa in the presence of thrombin-activated factor VIII
Authors: Hultin MB , Nemerson Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We studied the activation of factor X by the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation using a new assay of factor X activation. When factor X tritiated in its sialic acid residues is activated, activation can be measured by the release of tritiated activation peptide, and the initial rate of activation can be determined under varying conditions. In the presence of phospholipid and calcium ions, factor IXa activated factor X slowly without factor VIII, and this activation was blocked by a specific factor IX inhibitor. These data provide strong evidence that factor IXa is the enzyme responsible for factor X activation by the intrinsic pathway. The role of factor VIII was also investigated. Factor VIII could be reproducibly thrombin activated and then stabilized by the addition of 2 mM benzamidine hydrochloride; this suggests that inactivation is due to proteolysis. Neither unactivated nor thrombin-activated factor VIII produced factor X activation without factor IXa. With a constant level of factor IXa, factor X activation was directly proportional to the level of activated factor VIII. With a constant level of activated factor VIII, factor X activation was proportional to the factor IXa concentration. This observation was exploited to develop a specific, sensitive assay for factor IXa.
Release of arachidonic acid from human platelets. A key role for the potentiation of platelet aggregability in normal subjects as well as in those with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Yoshida N , Aoki N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Low (nonaggregating) concentrations of collagen that potentiate platelet aggregation did not induce the formation of measurable amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) but released small but significant amounts of radioactivity from 14C-arachidonic acid-labeled platelets. A major portion of the radioactive compounds released by nonaggregating concentrations of collagen existed as arachidonic acid and a minor part as thromboxane B2. The nephrotic syndrome enhances platelet aggregability, and this effect is abolished by correcting hypoalbuminemia in vitro and in vivo by the addition of albumin, which is the main carrier for free fatty acids, including arachidonic acid. Human albumin (fatty acid free) inhibited collagen-induced aggregation, MDA formation, and release of the radioactivity from 14C-arachidonic acid-labeled platelets in normals as well as in those with nephrotic syndrome. These data support our hypothesis that the main mechanism responsible for the potentiation of platelet aggregation is the release of arachidonic acid from platelet membrane phospholipids via the activation of phospholipase A2. Furthermore, enhanced platelet aggregation in the nephrotic syndrome was at least partly attributable to an increased availability of arachidonic acid released secondary to hypoalbuminemia. Albumin inhibits aggregation probably by binding to released arachidonic acid preventing arachidonic acid from being metabolized to potent aggregating substances, endoperoxides and thromboxane A2. The mechanism of release of arachidonic acid may play a key role in the potentiation of platelet aggregability in normals as well as in pathologic conditions such as the nephrotic syndrome.
Adenosine deaminase, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and cell surface markers in childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Coleman MS , Greenwood MF , Hutton JJ , Holland P , Lampkin B , Krill C , Kastelic JE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this report is to compare measurements of enzymatic activities and cell surface markers as methods of distinguishing subtypes of lymphoid leukemias of childhood. Twenty-six children ages 2- 15 yr were studied. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity was high in blasts from all 20 children with either null or T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The activity of adenosine deaminase per cell was higher (P less than 0.005) and that of TdT lower (p less than 0.05) in T than in null cell lymphoblasts, although there was some overlap in values. Blasts from 3 children with acute lymphoid leukemia were positive for surface-associated immunoglobulins. The neoplastic lymphoid cells from these children differed from T and null cell leukemic lymphoblasts by having very low levels of TdT and adenosine deaminase activity. Measurements of adenosine deaminase and TdT may complement measurements of cell surface markers and distinguish biochemical subtypes of acute lymphoid leukemia.
Hematologic changes during spleen colony development in nonirradiated mice
Authors: Tamai M , Kitamura Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of spleen colony formation in nonirradiated mice was investigated. When the spleen cells of C57BL mice immunized against CBA- T6T6 mice were injected into the nonirradiated BT6F1 (C57BL X CBA-T6T6) hybrid mice, the number of hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-S of C57BL mouse origin that settled in the spleen of the BT6F1 mice continued to decrease in the first 9 days and then started to increase, with a doubling time of about 36 hr. Colonies were detected on the surface of the spleen 16–22 days after the cell injection. The slower appearance of spleen colonies in nonirradiated mice (compared with 6–10 days in the irridiated animals) appears to be due to retarded start of differentiation and to the prolonged doubling time of CFU-S in non- irradiated mice.
Granuloerythropoietic colonies in human bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood
Authors: Fauser AA , Messner HA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Colonies that contain granulopoietic and erythropoietic cells can be grown in specimens of human bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. Growth of these colonies is promoted by media conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) and the addition of erythropoietin on days 4 or 5 to the cultures. Sedimentation velocity profiles for these granuloerythrocytic colonies suggest their origin from single cells (CFU-G/E) rather than from doublets or clumps. This hypothesis is supported by cocultivation of male and female specimens. Cells in granuloerythrocytic colonies that developed in such mixing experiments were either uniformly female by Y- chromatin analysis or contained Y-chromatin bodies in both the granulocytic and erythroid cells.
Parallel decrease of erythrocyte membrane deformability and spectrin solubility at low pH
Authors: Smith BD , La Celle PL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reduction of pH over the range 6.0–4.5 results in a decrease of erythrocyte deformability in parallel with the induced progressive sphericity of cells. At low deformation rates employed, increase of hemoglobin viscosity was not significant. A decrease of membrane elasticity was detected in cells when sphering, the major determinant of cellular deformability, was prevented at pH 5.0 by hyperosmotic medium. The pronounced change of deformability and the reduced elasticity occurred at calculated intracellular pH values at which solubility in vitro of extracted erythrocyte spectrin is also markedly reduced. The parallel decrease of deformability and spectrin solubility supports the hypothesis that spectrin aggregation may contribute to regulation of erythrocyte deformability through effects on shape and membrane elastic characteristics.
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a 14q+ chromosome abnormality
Authors: Roth DG , Cimino MC , Variakojis D , Golomb HM , Rowley JD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An adult patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with a 14q+ marker chromosome is presented. The abnormality resulted from a translocation of material from the long arm of chromosome 11. The leukemic cells were found to be B cells on the basis of surface immunoglobulins, lack of receptors for sheep erythrocytes, and a characteristically low level of adenosine deaminase activity. In other patients with ALL studied by us or reported by others in whom chromosome banding was done, a 14q+ chromosome was present in only one instance, also a case of B cell ALL. These two cases are the only examples of B cell ALL studied with chromosome banding reported to date. The frequent occurrence of a 14q+ chromosome in other malignant lymphoproliferative diseases of B cell origin suggests that a general association may exist between the 14q+ abnormality and B cell neoplasms. Cytogenetic analysis may therefore be useful in defining subtypes of ALL and in relating specific chromosomal abnormalities to lymphoproliferative disorders.
Turnover of antiplasmin, the fast-acting plasmin inhibitor of plasma
Authors: Collen D , Wiman B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human antiplasmin, the fast-acting plasmin inhibitor in plasma, was purified to homogeneity and labeled with 125I. This material, which was indistinguishable from antiplasmin in plasma with respect to several physicochemical and functional properties, was injected intravenously and its turnover measured in control subjects and in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy. In eight control subjects (four healthy persons and four patients with atherosclerosis), the following turnover characteristics were obtained: plasma radioactivity half-life 2.64 +/- 0.32 days, fractional catabolic rate 0.53 +/- 0.09 of the plasma pool per day, intravascular fraction 0.51 +/- 0.05, and synthetic (catabolic) rate 1.4 +/- 0.27 mg/kg/day. The half-life of the plasmin-antiplasmin complex in plasma, measured from the disappearance rate of labeled antiplasmin, plasmin or plasmin-antiplasmin complex during thrombolytic therapy was approximately 0.5 days.
Reduction of salivary tissue factor (thromboplastin) activity by warfarin therapy
Authors: Zacharski LR , Rosenstein R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The coagulant of normal human saliva has been identified as tissue factor (thromboplastin, TF) by virtue of its ability to cause rapid coagulation in plasmas deficient in first-stage coagulation factors and to activate factor x in the presence of factor VII and by virtue of the fact that its activity is expressed only in the presence of factor VII and is inhibited by an antibody to TF. The TF is related to cells and cell fragments in saliva. Salivary TF activity has been found to be significantly reduced in patients taking warfarin. The decline in TF activity during induction of warfarin anticoagulation occurs during the warfarin-induced decline in vitamin-K-dependent clotting factor activity, as judged by the prothrombin time. The decrease in TF activity is not related to a reduction in salivary cell count or total protein content or to a direct effect of warfarin on the assay. It is hypothesized that the mechanism by which warfarin inhibits TF activity may be related to the mechanism by which it inhibits expression of the activity of the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. Inhibition of the TF activity may be involved in the antithrombotic effect of warfarin.