bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Additional Procedures for Metacarpophalangeal Hyperextension on Simple Trapeziectomy in Thumb Basal Osteoarthritis: A Biomechanical Cadaver Study
Authors: Dumont Charles E. , von Campe Arndt 
Published: April 2019

Background: Patients with advanced osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint (CMC-1) may develop hyperextension of the first metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP-1). No clear clinical benefice has been reported consecutively to the surgical treatment of the MCP-hyperextension combined to a trapeziectomy. The reason of the missing benefit may be due to changes in the thumb position impairing the thumb stability secondary to the surgical procedures. We assessed changes in the transmission of forces at the thumb’s end phalanx following a trapeziectomy combined with the surgical adjustment of the hyperextension of the MCP-1-joint in a biomechanical investigation using cadavers.Methods: The thumb muscles were loaded with nylon cables connected to a tension meter in 8 forearm cadavers. A 6-axis force sensor assessed the termino-lateral key-pinch orthogonal strength vectors at the level of the thumb distal phalanx prior to any surgery, and following a simple trapeziectomy, a trapeziectomy combined to a MCP-1-capsulodesis and the transfer of the extensor pollicis brevis over the metacarpal-1 head, or to an MCP-1-arthrodesis.Results: Combination of the trapeziectomy with the MCP-1- joint palmar capsulodesis and EPB-transfer or with a MCP-arthrodesis in neutral pronation-supination resulted in a significant shift of the thumb in pronation-abduction with respect to the preoperative assessment. The lowest shift was achieved when performing the arthrodesis in 20° supination or by overloading of the adductor pollicis.Conclusions: Combining the trapeziectomy with surgeries addressing the MCP-1-joint hyperextension induced a shift of the thumb in pronation-abduction that could impair the key-pinch stability. When considering additional procedures for MCP-1-joint hyperextension deformities, it should be recommended to fix the EPB-tendon on the radial aspect of the metacarpal head if a tendon transfer is considered, otherwise the MCP joint arthrodesis should be performed in supinated position, in order to achieve lateral key-pinch stability.
Graft Reposition on Flap: Mid-Term Result in Allen Type IV Amputation
Authors: Malshikare Vijay A. 
Published: April 2019

Background: The preferable reconstructive surgical options for Allen type IV finger amputation is replantation. The viable alternate option is bone and nail bed graft repositioning on local flaps. The wider scope of this “graft reposition on flap” (GRF) technique was introspected.Methods: Fifteen patients who sustained type IV amputations of finger tip were operated between 2013 and 2017 by GRF technique. The results, range of motions, functional out come and its feasibility were analyzed and evaluated. A technical modification of GRF was also described within this series of patients.Results: All patients had good nail bed survival and well settled local flaps. Static two-point discrimination (2PD) was of 6.4 mm (average). 14/15 patients had an acceptable shortening of 4mm (average). Overall patients were happy after surgery and returned back to their work. All had excellent range of movements and 0 VAS. The follow up was 1 to 5 years (mean 2.8 years). Wound infection was seen in one patient whom after debridement developed gross shortening and thick nail. None developed nail deformity.Conclusions: The GRF provided an alternative option for Allen type IV amputations of finger tip. It can be well executed in all reconstructive surgical units and in those with a learning curve for replantations surgeries. The results of GRF were proportionate with the available surgical options in terms of appearance, function and outcomes.
Genetic Variants in the 9p21.3 Locus Associated with Glioma Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Dahlin Anna M. , Wibom Carl , Andersson Ulrika , Hougaard David M. , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Deltour Isabelle , Hultman Christina M. , Kähler Anna K. , Karlsson Robert , Hjalmars Ulf , Melin Beatrice 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Genome-wide association studies have identified germline genetic variants in 25 genetic loci that increase the risk of developing glioma in adulthood. It is not known if these variants increase the risk of developing glioma in children and adolescents and young adults (AYA). To date, no studies have performed genome-wide analyses to find novel genetic variants associated with glioma risk in children and AYA.

Methods:
We investigated the association between 8,831,628 genetic variants and risk of glioma in 854 patients diagnosed up to the age of 29 years and 3,689 controls from Sweden and Denmark. Recruitment of patients and controls was population based. Genotyping was performed using Illumina BeadChips, and untyped variants were imputed with IMPUTE2. We selected 41 established adult glioma risk variants for detailed investigation.

Results:
Three adult glioma risk variants, rs634537, rs2157719, and rs145929329, all mapping to the 9p21.3 (CDKN2B-AS1) locus, were associated with glioma risk in children and AYA. The strongest association was seen for rs634537 (odds ratioG = 1.21; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.35; P = 5.8 × 10−4). In genome-wide analysis, an association with risk was suggested for 129 genetic variants (P &lt;1 × 10−5).

Conclusions:
Carriers of risk alleles in the 9p21.3 locus have an increased risk of glioma throughout life. The results from genome-wide association analyses require validation in independent cohorts.

Impact:
Our findings line up with existing evidence that some, although not all, established adult glioma risk variants are associated with risk of glioma in children and AYA. Validation of results from genome-wide analyses may reveal novel susceptibility loci for glioma in children and AYA.
Inflammatory Potential of Diet, Inflammation-Related Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Wirth Michael D. , Merchant Anwar T. , Zhang Jiajia , Shivappa Nitin , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Hebert James R. , Steck Susan E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Chronic inflammation is implicated in pancreatic cancer, and can be modulated by diet and other lifestyle factors. We examined the association between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores and pancreatic cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, and examined effect modification by inflammation-related lifestyle factors, including body mass index, cigarette smoking, diabetes, alcohol drinking, and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Methods:
Energy-adjusted DII scores (E-DII) were computed on the basis of food frequency questionnaire responses for foods and dietary supplements. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted and effect modification was examined by adding a cross-product of each effect modifier with E-DII quintile in the multivariable-adjusted model.

Results:
There were 2,824 primary incident pancreatic cancers diagnosed during a median of 13.4 years follow-up, and there was no association between E-DII scores and pancreatic cancer risk among either men [HRQ5vsQ1, 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–1.16] or women (HRQ5vsQ1, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.82–1.21) in the multivariable-adjusted model, and no association was detected by any cancer stage. The E-DII and pancreatic cancer association was not modified by any of the inflammation-related lifestyle factors examined.

Conclusions:
Results from this large prospective study did not support an association between inflammatory potential of diet and pancreatic cancer, or effect modification by other inflammation-related lifestyle factors.

Impact:
Inflammatory potential of diet may not be related to pancreatic cancer risk. Future cohort studies with more frequent dietary measures could be useful in determining the appropriate timing of dietary intake in relation to pancreatic cancer etiology.
The Effect of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Controlled, Clinical Study
Authors: Kadihasanoglu Mustafa , Aydin Mustafa , Taskiran Mehmet , Kendirci Muammer 
Published: April 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Although prostate cancer releases more prostate-specific antigen (PSA) per unit of prostate volume (PV), data are limited regarding the association between intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) and the PSA level. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The study aim was to evaluate the IPP effect in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. <b><i>Method:</i></b> This study included patients with (<i>n</i> = 119) and without (<i>n</i> = 121) IPP. The age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), PSA level, maximum and average flow rates, PV, hematuria, urinary retention, and post-void residual (PVR) volume were compared between the 2 groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The mean ages were similar between the 2 groups (66.56 ± 8.67 and 66.92 ± 8.7 years, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.747), and there were no statistically significant differences in the IPSS, maximum and average flow rates, hematuria, PVR volume, and urinary retention means (<i>p</i> &#x3e; 0.05). However, the IPP patients had lower total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) levels than those without IPP (3.55 [4.18] vs. 5.26 [5.24] ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.013 and 0.7 [1.09] vs. 1.05 [1.23] ng/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.029, respectively). Moreover, there were strong positive correlations between the IPP grade and the tPSA and fPSA levels (<i>r</i> = 0.262, <i>p</i> = 0.001 and <i>r</i> = 0.254, <i>p</i> = 0.002 respectively). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study demonstrated that IPP results in a decreased PSA level, even with a higher PV.
Ultrasonography Can Replace CT Scans as the Initial Imaging Examination of Ureteral Calculi
Authors: Liu Dan , Wu Jixiang , Chen Shan , Liu Yuexin , Zhang Guangyin , Ping Hao , Qiao Ludong , Zheng Yupeng , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To study the feasibility of ultrasonography (US) as a replacement for CT during the diagnosis of ureteral calculi (UC). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Clinical and imaging data of patients with UC between January 2013 and December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the imaging method, patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A, CT alone; Group B, CT and US, Group C, US alone. Age, location, and the size of stones were compared among the groups. According to the maximum diameter (MD) measured by using CT in Group B, patients were subdivided into 3 groups (subgroup 1–3): MD &#x3c;0.5 cm, 0.5 cm ≤ MD ≤1.0 cm, and MD &#x3e;1.0 cm. The MD measured by US and CT were compared in the subgroups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 1,289 patients with UC were admitted. The use of CT correlated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.000) and stone location (<i>p</i> = 0.004). The sensitivity and specificity of US were 71.3 and 100%. Positive US results correlated with stone size (<i>p</i> = 0.008), but not location (<i>p</i> = 0.861). The mean MDs of the calculi measured by US and CT: in subgroup 1: 0.80 ± 0.31 and 0.35 ± 0.05 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.000); in subgroup 2: 0.94 ± 0.32 and 0.72 ± 0.16 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.000); in subgroup 3: 1.75 ± 0.68 and 1.59 ± 0.52 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.094). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> US confirmed that UC do not require confirmatory CT. US can replace CT as the initial imaging examination of UC.
Brush Sign Is Associated With Increased Severity in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Lucas Neto Lia , Jung Simon , Penas Sara , Panos Leonidas , Heldner Mirjam R. , Fischer Urs , Arnold Marcel , Canhão Patrícia , El-Koussy Marwan , Ferro José M. , Hakim Arsany 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—
The brush sign (BS) is an abnormally accentuated signal drop of the subependymal and deep medullary veins in paramagnetic-sensitive magnetic resonance sequences, previously described in acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to describe the BS in patients with thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses and explore its association with clinical severity, thrombosis extent, parenchymal brain lesion, and clinical prognosis.

Methods—
We assessed consecutive adult patients admitted to 2 university hospitals with diagnosis of acute thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses and imaging assessment with magnetic resonance imaging, including paramagnetic-sensitive sequences. Demographics, imaging findings, clinical presentation, and functional outcome at 3 months were analyzed according to the presence of BS.

Results—

In 118 patients included, BS was observed in gradient-echo T2*weighted (T2*WI) in 16% and susceptibility-weighted imaging in 13% of cases. All patients with BS had thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, or deep venous system. BS was associated with ipsilateral parenchymal lesion (odds ratio, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.9–21.1;
P
=0.002) and higher thrombus load (median [interquartile range] 5 [4–6] versus 2 [2–4]);
P
<0.0001). BS was also associated with focal neurological deficits (OR 4.2; 95%CI, 1.4–12.7,
P
=0.01). The functional outcome at 3 months was not significantly different in patients with BS.

Conclusions—
BS in T2*WI and susceptibility-weighted imaging was observed in approximately one in 7 patients with acute thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. BS was significantly associated with ipsilateral parenchymal brain lesion, extent of thrombosis, and manifestation with focal neurological deficits. This suggests that BS can represent a marker of severity in thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses.
Revision of black fungus gnat species (Diptera, Sciaridae) described from the Hawaiian Islands by D.E. Hardy and W.A. Steffan, and a contribution to the knowledge of the sciarid fauna of the Galápagos Islands
Authors: MOHRIG WERNER , KAUSCHKE ELLEN , BROADLEY ADAM 
Published: April 2019

On the Hawaiian Islands 22 sciarid species were detected, belonging to the following ten genera: Austrosciara Schmitz & Mjöberg, Bradysia Winnertz, Corynoptera Winnertz, Cratyna Winnertz, Epidapus Haliday, Hyperlasion Schmitz, Lycoriella Frey, Phytosciara Frey, Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig and Scatopsciara Edwards. The revision resulted in new combinations for the following five species: Austrosciara hawaiiensis (Hardy) comb. n., Corynoptera prominens (Hardy) comb. n., Cratyna adrostylata (Hardy) comb. n., Cr. longicosta (Hardy) comb. n., and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy) comb. n. Eight species were declared as new synonyms: Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973 = B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n.; B. crassicornis (Skuse, 1890) = B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw, 1901) syn. n. and = B. aspercera Mohrig, 2016 syn. n.; B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912) = B. spatitergum (Hardy, 1956) syn. n.; Corynoptera prominens (Hardy, 1956) = C. gladiota Mohrig, 2004 syn. n.; Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912) = Plastosciara (Plastosciara) latipons Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; Hyperlasion wasmanni (Schmitz, 1918) = Scythropochroa magnisensoria Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy, 1956) = Sc. spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n. These four species are new reports for Hawai‘i, three of them are new to science: Epidapus pallidus (Séguy), Pseudolycoriella nigrofemoralis Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n., Scatopsciara hardyi Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. and Sc. steffani Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. A lectotype was designated for Bradysia radicum (Brunetti) in order to fix the name. All new and revised species are figured. The species Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973, B. ocellaris (Comstock, 1882), B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912), Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912), Pseudolycoriella planiforceps (Steffan, 1971) and Scatopsciara steffani Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. are reported from the Galápagos Islands.
On the Assessment of a Cooling Tower Scheme for High-Resolution Numerical Weather Modeling for Urban Areas
Authors: Yu Miao , González Jorge , Miao Shiguang , Ramamurthy Prathap 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA cooling tower scheme that quantifies the sensible and latent anthropogenic heat fluxes released from buildings was coupled to an operational forecasting system [Rapid Refresh Multiscale Analysis and Prediction of the Beijing Urban Meteorological Institute (RMAPS-Urban)] and was evaluated in the context of the megacity of Beijing, China, during summer months. The objective of this scheme is to correct for underestimations of surface latent heat fluxes in regional climate modeling and weather forecasts in urban areas. The performance for surface heat fluxes by the modified RMAPS-Urban is greatly improved when compared with a suite of observations in Beijing. The cooling tower scheme increases the anthropogenic latent heat partition by 90% of the total anthropogenic heat flux release. Averaged surface latent heat flux in urban areas increases to about 64.3 W m−2 with a peak of 150 W m−2 on dry summer days and 40.35 W m−2 with a peak of 150 W m−2 on wet summer days. The model performance of near-surface temperature and humidity is also improved. Average 2-m temperature errors are reduced by 1°C, and maximum and minimum temperature errors are improved by 2°–3°C; absolute humidity is increased by 5%.
The Thermodynamic Cycles and Associated Energetics of Hurricane Edouard (2014) during Its Intensification
Authors: Fang Juan , Pauluis Olivier , Zhang Fuqing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study expands on a previous analysis of the intensification of Hurricane Edouard (2014) in the isentropic coordinates to further examine the thermodynamic processes that lead to the strengthening of the storm. Thermodynamic cycles are extracted using the methodology known as the Mean Airflow as Lagrangian Dynamics Approximation. The most intense thermodynamic cycle here is associated with the air rising within the hurricane eyewall. Its structure remains mostly steady during the early development of Edouard but evolves rapidly as the storm intensifies. Through intensification, the ascent shifts toward high values of entropy under the effect of enhanced surface heat fluxes and stronger surface winds, while reaching higher altitudes and lower temperatures. The near–rapid intensification onset of Edouard corresponds to an increase in the energy input into the cycle and an increase in the amount of kinetic energy generated. The external heating fluctuates considerably in the two low-level legs with a period of about 16–24 h, indicative of diurnal variation in the thermodynamic cycle. During the intensification of Edouard, the mechanical work production and the Carnot efficiency both increase dramatically, which can be attributed to the increase in energy transport and deepening of the thermodynamic cycle. In addition, there is a substantial increase of the mechanical work done during the horizontal expansion of air parcels near Earth’s surface, and a larger fraction of the kinetic energy generated is used to sustain and intensify the horizontal flow rather than to provide a vertical acceleration in the updrafts.
A Southern Ocean Mechanism for the Interhemispheric Coupling and Phasing of the Bipolar Seesaw
Authors: Thompson Andrew F. , Hines Sophia K. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe last glacial period is punctuated by abrupt changes in Northern Hemisphere temperatures that are known as Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) events. A striking and largely unexplained feature of DO events is an interhemispheric asymmetry characterized by cooling in Antarctica during periods of warming in Greenland and vice versa—the bipolar seesaw. Methane-synchronized ice core records indicate that the Southern Hemisphere lags the Northern Hemisphere by approximately 200 years. Here, we propose a mechanism that produces observed features of both the bipolar seesaw and the phasing of DO events. The spatial pattern of sea ice formation and melt in the Southern Ocean imposes a rigid constraint on where water masses are modified: waters are made denser near the coast where ice forms and waters are made lighter farther north where ice melts. This pattern, coupled to the tilt of density surfaces across the Southern Ocean and the stratification of the ocean basins, produces two modes of overturning corresponding to different bipolar seesaw states. We present evolution equations for a simplified ocean model that describes the transient adjustment of the basin stratification, the Southern Ocean surface density distribution, and the overturning strength as the ocean moves between these states in response to perturbations in North Atlantic Deep Water formation, which we take as a proxy for Greenland temperatures. Transitions between different overturning states occur over a multicentennial time scale, which is qualitatively consistent with the observed Southern Hemisphere lag. The volume of deep density layers varies inversely with the overturning strength, leading to significant changes in residence times. Evidence of these dynamics in more realistic circulation models is discussed.
Do other variables add value to assessment of the risk of colorectal disease using faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin?
Authors: Digby Jayne , Steele Robert JC , Strachan Judith A , Mowat Craig , Anderson Annie S , McCann Rebecca , Law Louise , Fraser Callum G 
Published: April 2019

Background Faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin have been recommended to assist in assessment of patients presenting in primary care with lower bowel symptoms. The aim was to assess if, and which, additional variables might enhance this use of faecal immunochemical tests. Methods Faecal immunochemical test analysis has been a NHS Tayside investigation since December 2015. During the first year, 993 patients attending colonoscopy were invited to complete a detailed questionnaire on demographic background, symptoms, smoking status, alcohol use, dietary fibre, red and processed meat intake, physical activity, sitting time, dietary supplement use, family history of colorectal cancer, adenoma, inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes. Significant bowel disease was classified as colorectal cancer, advanced adenoma or inflammatory bowel disease. Results A total of 470 (47.3%) invitees agreed to complete the questionnaire and 408 (41.1%) did. Unadjusted odds ratios for the presence of significant bowel disease compared with undetectable faecal haemoglobin increased with increasing faecal haemoglobin and for faecal haemoglobin 10–49, 50–199, 200–399 and ⩾400 μg Hb/g faeces were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.16–5.63), 2.47 (0.55–1.03), 6.30 (1.08–36.65) and 18.90 (4.22–84.62), respectively. Rectal bleeding and family history of polyps were the only other variables with statistically significant ( P < 0.05) odds ratios greater than 1.00, being 1.88 (1.13–3.17) and 2.93 (1.23–6.95), respectively. Odds ratios adjusted for all other variables showed similar associations, but only faecal haemoglobin and family history of polyps had significant associations. Conclusions Faecal haemoglobin is the most important factor to be considered when deciding which patients presenting in primary care with lower bowel symptoms would benefit most from referral for colonoscopy.