bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2)-related Immunopathological Responses in the Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Khorramdelazad Hossain , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: June 2019

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play principle roles in recognition of autologous components which have been pointed as the danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) and microbial components which are identified as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMP).The infiltration of various inflammatory cells such as dendritic cells, lymphocytes (CD4+ T, CD8+ T as well as B cells), monocytes and macrophages occur into the central nervous sys­tem (CNS) during multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model named experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The infiltrated leukocytes and residential cells of the CNS express several TLRs (especially TLR2) and their expression are elevated in MS and EAE. TLR2 recognizes a large variety DAMP and PAMP molecules due to its ability to create heterodimers with TLR1, TLR6 and probably TLR10. A wide spectrum of DAMP molecules, including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), HSP70, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), β-defensin 3, surfactant protein A and D, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, gangliosides, serum amyloid A, hyaluronic acid and biglycan are identified by TLR2, whose their expression is increased in MS patients. TLR2 may contribute in the development of MS and EAE diseases through the reinforcement of Th1/Th17 cell-related responses, downregulation of regulatory T cells, induction of IL-17+ γδ T cells, inhibition of oligodendrocyte maturation, induction of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-dependent pathway in microglia, macrophages and astrocytes and inhibition of type I interferons expression. The contribution of TLR2-related immunopathological responses in the MS and EAE pathogenesis and its possible targeting as promising therapeutic potentials are considered in this review.
INTERAÇÕES E SOCIABILIDADES DIGITAIS NA SOCIEDADE INFORMACIONAL
Authors: Araújo Wagner dos Reis Marques , Higa Ayla Yumi 
Published: June 2019

Nos anos 2000 a internet se transformou em uma ferramenta inovadora e essencial para o sujeito na era da comunicação. O uso racional dessa ferramenta de comunicação proporciona descobertas e possibilidades de reformulações da subjetividade do Ser pós-moderno. Nesse sentido, esta discussão busca entender como os indivíduos se integraram à sociedade informacional, antes, porém, traçamos um breve histórico da Internet e da difusão das redes sociais enquanto espaços de sociabilidade e veiculação de informações. Em nossa análise, detemo-nos especialmente no o canal do YouTube “Felipe Neto: Não faz sentido”, onde podemos observar o caso do Ser que se reinventa através de tecnologias digitais.
Terapi Infusa Pekat Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan SOD pada Ginjal Tikus DM Tipe 1
Authors: Hasanah Nuraeni Uswatun , Hasanah Hafidatul , Barroroh Hummatul 
Published: June 2019

<p>Bitter melon (<em>Momordica charantia</em> L.) is one of the <em>Cucurbitaceae</em> families which is useful as traditional antidiabetic medicine. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease indicated by increasing blood sugar levels. The aim of this study to determine the effect of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit on blood glucose levels and SOD activity in three diabetic levels (low, medium, acute) in DM Type 1 of rat kidney. The doses of therapy used were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.80 and 1 mL/200 g body weight (BW). Blood sugar level was measured using enzymatic (glucose oxidase) method and SOD activity using NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium) test. The results showed that the concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit was able to decrease blood glucose levels and increase the SOD activity of DM 1 in the rat kidney. The average ability of the therapy to reduce DM in low, medium, and acute level was 87.21, 84.5 and 55,56%, respectively. In 0.3 mL/200 g Bw dose, concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit reduced blood sugar level to all diabetes levels. The average value of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit in increasing SOD activity was 144.76%.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, infuse, SOD (superoxide dismutase), bitter melon fruit <em>(Momordica charantia L.)</em></p><p> </p><p>Buah pare (<em>Momordica charantia </em>L.) merupakan salah satu keluarga <em>Cucurbitaceae</em> yang bermanfaat sebagai obat tradisional, salah satunya untuk antidiabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah (KGD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi infusa pekat buah pare terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan SOD pada tiga tingkat diabetes yaitu ringan, sedang dan akut pada ginjal tikus DM tipe 1. Dosis yang digunakan yakni 0,15; 0,30; 0,45; 0,60; 0,80; dan 1 mL/200 g BB. KGD diiukur dengan metode enzimatik (glukosa oksidase) dan aktivitas SOD diukur dengan uji NBT (<em>Nitroblue tetrazolium</em>). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi infusa pekat buah pare berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan peningkatan kadar SOD pada ginjal tikus DM 1. Kemampuan rata-rata terapi dalam menurunkan DM tingkat ringan, sedang, dan akut masing-masing sebesar 87,21; 84,5 dan 55,56%. Pada dosis 0,3 mL/200 g BB, terapi infusa pekat buah pare mampu menurunkan KGD terhadap seluruh tingkat DM. Kemampuan rata-rata infusa pekat buah pare dalam meningkatkan kadar SOD sebesar 144,76%.</p><p> </p>Kata Kunci: Diabetes mellitus, infusa, SOD (superoksida dismutase), buah pare (<em>Momordica charantia</em> L.)
Identifikasi Senyawa Kuersetin dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)
Authors: Rustanti Elly , Lathifah Qurrotu A'yunin 
Published: June 2019

<p class="BodyAbstract">Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) have many benefits in our health because the leaves contain many secondary metabolites. One of the secondary metabolites in avocado leaves is quercetin. Quercetin is the largest compound of the flavonols group in which percentage of quercetin and its glycosides is 60-75% of total flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to isolate quercetin compounds from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of avocado leaves and to determine the presence of quercetin compounds in the avocado leaves. The leaves were extracted by maceration using 95% ethanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate. Identification of quercetin compounds using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results of this study indicated that avocado leaf extract contained quercetin compounds with a retention time of 5.83 minutes with molecular weight m/z = 300.50-301.50 [M-H]<sup>+</sup>.</p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><p class="BodyAbstract">Keywords: Avocado leaves, quercetin, LC-MS <strong></strong></p><p class="BodyAbstract"><strong> </strong></p><p class="BodyAbstract">Daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) banyak memiliki kegunaan dalam kesehatan karena mengandung banyak metabolit sekunder. Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun alpukat adalah kuersetin. Kuersetin adalah senyawa kelompok flavonol terbesar yang mana kuersetin dan glikosidanya berada dalam jumlah sekitar 60-75% dari flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi senyawa kuersetin dari fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dan untuk mengetahui adanya senyawa kuersetin dalam daun alpukat. Daun alpukat diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Identifikasi senyawa kuersetin dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa (KC-SM). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam ekstrak daun alpukat mengandung senyawa kuersetin dengan waktu retensi 5,83 menit dengan berat molekul m/z= 300,50-301,50 [M-H]<sup>+</sup>.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci<strong>: </strong>Daun alpukat, kuersetin, KC-SM</p>
Penerapan Media Paper Craft Pada Anak Autis Di TK Islam Ahsanu Amala Sariharjo Sleman
Authors: Wan Nih 
Published: June 2019

<p>Autis merupakan kelainan yang menunjukan seorang anak yang tidak mampu dalam melakukan interaksi social dengan orang lain karena mereka tidak mampu untuk keluar dari dunianya sendiri. Anak autis memiliki kecenderungan suka menyendiri dan senang dengan dunianya tanpa mampu memperhatikan kondidi d lingkungannya. Memiliki tingkat kosentrasi interaksi yang tidak baik dan selalu melakukan hal aneh yang tidak semestinya dilakukan oleh anak normal. Peningkatan konsentrasi dalam belajar seorang anak autis sangat dieprlukan sebagai tindakan untuk merubah cara interaksi social dengan temannya.karena anak autis memiliki tingkat konsetrasi yang buruk untuk berinteraksi dengan lingkungan dan teman-temanya, anak autis lebih suka dengan dunianya sendiri dan asyik ddengan dirinya saat kegiatan pembelajaran.</p><p>Paper craft sebagai salah satu media yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan konsentrasi anak autis merupakan suatu tindakan yang berefek positif pada anak autis. Penggunaan media paper craft ini menjadikan anak autis mampu melakukan interaksi dengan bermain paper craft dan membuat media paper craft menjadi media pembelajaran. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menerapkan media paper craft terhadap anak autis diperoleh hasil persentase antar siklus peningkatan konsentrasi anak dalam mengerjakan tugas selama pembelajaran dari siklus I 50% siklus II 70% dan siklus III 100%. Hasil dari penerapan media paper craft ini menunjukan bahwa media paper craft efektif meningkatkan konsentrasi anak autis daalam kegiatan pembelajaran di TK Islam Ahsanu Amala. Sariharjo, Ngaglik, Sleman.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci:</strong> Autis, Peningkatan Konsentrasi, <em>Paper Craft</em></p>
Compact 999.6 nm Actively Q-Switched Yb3+:LuAlO for Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Laser
Authors: Rudenkov A. , Kisel V. , Yasukevich A. , Hovhannesyan K. , Petrosyan A. , Kuleshov N. 
Published: June 2019

Compact actively Q-switched diode-pumped lasers based on Yb3+-materials are of practical importance for wide range of scientific, industrial and biomedical applications. The aim of this work was to study the Yb3+:LuAlO3 actively Q-switched laser.One of the most promising crystalline hosts for rare-earth ions are Perovskite-like aluminate crystals. Yttrium aluminate crystal YAlO3 (YAP) is a well-known host with good thermal and mechanical properties (thermal conductivity for undoped crystal is about 11 W/m·K and about 8 W/m·K for Yb(5 at.%):YAP) similar to those of YAG. The reduction in the thermal conductivity of doped laser crystal in comparison with host materials is small in the case of ions with close atomic mass and ionic radii such as for Yb3+ and Lu3+. This feature makes LuAlO3 (LuAP) more promising host crystal for doping by Yb3+ ions in contrast to YAP especially for high output power laser systems. In our work, for the first time to the best of our knowledge actively Q-switching laser operation of Yb3+:LuAP single crystal was demonstrated. The maximum average output power of 4.9 W at 50 kHz pulse repetition frequency (PRF) with opt.-to-opt. efficiency of 21 % was obtained with 30 % OC transmittance. Output power as high as 3.3 W with 333 µJ-laser pulses with duration of about 11.5 ns was demonstrated at 10 kHz PRF the corresponding pulse peak power was 29 kW. 97 µJ second harmonic pulses obtained with 29 % conversion efficiency at 10 kHz PRF.Performed investigations show high potential of Yb3+:LuAP crystals as active elements of compact diode pumped actively Q-switched lasers due to high stimulated emission cross-section (≈ 3.74·10-20 cm2) at 999.6 nm wavelength and significant reduction of heat load on the active element when pumping around 980 nm and generation around 999 nm.
Angular Photometry of Biological Tissue by Ellipsoidal Reflector Method
Authors: Bezuglyi M. A. , Bezuglaya N. V. , Ventsuryk A. V. , Vonsevych K. P. 
Published: June 2019

Angular measurements in optics of biological tissues are used for different applied spectroscopic task for roughness surface control, define of refractive index and for research of optical properties. Purpose of the research is investigation of the reflectance of biologic tissues by the ellipsoidal reflector method under the variable angle of the incident radiation.The research investigates functional features of improved photometry method by ellipsoidal reflectors. The photometric setup with mirror ellipsoid of revolution in reflected light was developed. Theoretical foundations of the design of an ellipsoidal reflector with a specific slot to ensure the input of laser radiation into the object area were presented. Analytical solution for calculating the angles range of incident radiation depending on the eccentricity and focal parameter of the ellipsoid are obtained. Also created the scheme of image processing at angular photometry by ellipsoidal reflector.The research represents results of experimental series for samples of muscle tissues at wavelengths 405 nm, 532 nm, 650 nm. During experiment there were received photometric images on the equipment with such parameters: laser beam incident angles range 12.5–62.5°, ellipsoidal reflector eccentricity 0.6, focal parameter 18 mm, slot width 8 mm.The nature of light scattering by muscle tissues at different wavelengths was represented by graphs for the collimated reflection area. The investigated method allows qualitative estimation of influence of internal or surface layers of biologic tissues optical properties on the light scattering under variable angles of incident radiation by the shape of zone of incident light.
Anthropological Critique of the “Marriage by Wife Purchase” Thesis as a Contribution to the Rethinking of Inderdisciplinarity
Authors: Ivanović Zorica 
Published: June 2019

Anthropological research demonstrates that exchanges and transactions related to marriage alliances, regardless of their central organising principle and form, are not governed by the logic of the market but by the logic of gift exchange.Thus, the exchange of women for worthy material goods and valuables (bridewealth), which is (or has been) a dominant form of marriage transactions in Africa and some parts of Asia and Oceania, cannot be understood as commodity exchange and “wife purchase”. The “marriage by wife purchase” thesis, developed within a Victorian evolutionist paradigm, has been rejected in anthropology a long time ago. At the same time, some more recent research showed that the exchange of persons for goods as a principle of marriage exchanges and transactions does not entail only the practice of exchanging women for material goods. In some societies, marriage transactions are based on the principle of exchanging men for goods (groomwealth). This research called into question, once again, not only the “wife purchase” theory but also Levi-Strauss' fundamental assumption about the “exchange of women between groups of men”.
In response to the fact that the “marriage by wife purchase” thesis is still regarded as an adequate explanation not only in the popular discourse but also in the Serbian scientific literature, this article seeks to offer an anthropological critique of the thesis and to draw attention to some key interdisciplinary disagreements that emerge in the interpretation of this particular form of marriage transactions. The article also discusses theoretical and epistemological assumptions which underpin the “marriage by purchase” thesis, as well as the process of critical examination that led anthropology to discard the thesis. From a contemporary anthropological perspective, the article suggests a possibility to explore a cultural and political economy of the gift, since the logic of gift is different from but not diametrically opposed to the logic of commodity exchange.
Anthropology and/as an applied ethics
Authors: Tepavčević Bojan , Milenković Miloš 
Published: June 2019

In the context of the upcoming reactivation of the Serbian Ethnology and Anthropology society and the normalization of the work of professional associations, as well as their occasional adoption of their ethic codes in Serbia, we are analyzing the ethic code of the biggest professional anthropological association in the world- American Anthropology Association (AAA). Starting from the assumption that ethic codes are not „pure“moral algorithms of the desirable/correct, but that they are enriched/burdened with „hidden“ theoretic and methodological assumptions, whether by their direct authors, or on the level of the silent knowledge of the disciplinary community, we are examining what can Serbian ethnological/anthropological community learn from the genesis, structure, function and criticism directed at the ethic code of AAA. We are also considering the thesis that the ethic codes of anthropologic associations are legitimizing narrative practices, not unlike those of magic, through which the discipline is attempting to transform itself from the status of fluid and generally socially unrecognized (and even obscure) occupation into a generally recognized, formally licensed and respectable profession. We suggest for anthropology in Serbia to construct its professional status by forming an alliance with applied ethics offering the services of customization of ethic codes to other professions, through cultural analysis of moral decision-making, as an alternative to legitimizing itself through a contradictory, ethics code burdened with hollow magic principles and theoretical and methodological issues.
The construct in 44°49'14" & 20°27'44"
Authors: Vukanović Maša 
Published: June 2019

Enduringly cities have been birthplaces of mankind’s emerging development whose distinguishing mark was the open flow of people, commodities and ideas. One of the founders of the sociology of the city R.E. Park wrote «Cities are a product of human nature". In today’s global age cities are even more a mirror of the human endeavors, to advance themselves by emphasizing quality,. Among the key qualities is an (authentic) culture. This paper deals with the constitution of authentic culture in a city, and how the now constructed culture contributes to the development of the city.
When the construct is ascertained it denotes the positioning of the city in the race for ranking on the world map. Furthermore the construct reflects on how the development affects the life of the city. Research was conducted on the bohemian quarter of Belgrade known as Skadarlija. Skadarlija is an established symbol in Belgrade’s (urban) topography which we recognize as a conserved milieu in which old city culture is being easily and flamboyantly mediated through eating, drinking and music. When such common place paradigms are deconstructed novel readings arise. Narratives that include the change of communication, how the construct emerged, stories of civil actions and a chain of political decisions, and finally why this area and not some other, emerge.
Serbs, the craziest of all – TV comedy show "Кursadžije" by Grand Production
Authors: Krstić Marija 
Published: June 2019

This pa­per is the re­sult of re­se­arch do­ne on the TV co­medy show (se­ri­es) "Kur­sad­ži­je" by Grand Pro­duc­tion. The at­ten­tion is di­rec­ted to­wards un­der­stan­ding the mo­ti­ves of the Fool (buf­foon) which ap­pe­ars as the cha­rac­te­ri­stic of the main cha­rac­ters in the show. Kur­sad­ži­je (a ro­ugh tran­sla­tion wo­uld be Co­ur­se-at­ten­ding-pe­o­ple) are at­ten­dants of a co­ur­se for Spe­cial Bal­kan For­ces and they are the re­pre­sen­ta­ti­ves of the co­un­tri­es that con­sti­tu­ted the for­mer So­ci­a­li­stic Fe­de­ra­ti­ve Re­pu­blic of Yugo­sla­via. By using the the­o­re­tic gu­i­de­li­nes of Klap­pe’s abo­ut the Fool as a so­cial type, and the analysis of V.Tri­fu­no­vic, I will de­mon­stra­te why all of the Kur­sad­ži­ja’s are Fools and how they are dif­fe­rent one from the ot­her ba­sed on the­ir dif­fe­rent fol­li­es (buf­fo­o­nery, cra­zi­ness). Ha­ving in mind that this is a Ser­bian TV show and that the Ser­bian at­ten­dant of that co­ur­se, Ged­ža Crazy Mi­loj­ko (the Ame­ri­can equ­i­va­lent of Ged­ža co­uld be Red­neck or Hill­billy), is the only one who has the term "Crazy" (Fool) in his na­me, I will par­ti­cu­larly pay at­ten­tion to the mo­ti­ve of "Ser­bian cra­zi­ness", and exa­mi­ne is it a way to emp­ha­si­ze how spe­cial the Serbs are, how uni­que and un­be­a­tably exo­tic, i.e., why is the "Ser­bian cra­zi­ness" va­lued as a po­si­ti­ve one.
Who’s Singing over There? Transnationalism in Post-Yugoslav Popular Music and Its Boundaries
Authors: Mitrović Marijana 
Published: June 2019

The paper examines transnational relations between the states-former Yugoslav republics established through the medium of popular music from 2000 to the present. Drawing on examples from Serbia and Croatia, the paper shows how transnational music stars (e.g. Đorđe Balašević, Momčilo Bajaga Bajagić or Ceca Ražnatović) are seen as symbolic reference points of national ethnopolitical discourse having a constitutive role in processes of identity construction. "Turbo-Folk" musicians from Serbia have also had a symbolic function in both countries, since in Croatia they have represented a cultural resource that enabled distancing from the music genre associated by many urban Croats with the ruralization (and so-called Herzegovinization) of Croatian urban centers. In addition, a study of value judgments about Serbian and Croatian pseudofolk-pop music provides insight into the transnational negotiation of conflicting identities within the ex-Yugoslav context. Finally, the paper shows how ethnonational boundaries drawn by nationalizing ideologies created separate cultural spheres, which have been transnationalized following the disintegration of Yugoslavia.
The role of concentrations gradients on phosphorus and iron dynamics from chemically-dosed horizontal flow wetlands for tertiary sewage treatment
Authors: Barak Jan , Dotro Gabriela , Jefferson Bruce 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examined the dynamics of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) transformations from the surface sludge accumulated in tertiary horizontal flow (HF) treatment wetlands (TW) chemically dosed for P removal. Site surveys showed P was stored in HF TW with and without artificial aeration on average, with instances of P release in the non-aerated site. Controlled experiments revealed storing TW surface sludge for over 24 hours resulted in limited oxygen and nitrate concentrations, resulting in both P and Fe release. The rate of P release increased with increasing water-sludge P concentration gradients, and the reaction could take as little as 10 minutes. Convection had no impact on P transformation rates. The findings suggest mitigation strategies could include the manipulation of the biogeochemical environment by managing oxygen and nitrate concentrations within the wetlands. A better understanding of links between Fe, P, and nitrate is needed to test proactive mitigation strategies for small wastewater treatment plants.