bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 300 THz tabletop radar range system with sub-micron distance accuracy
Authors: Blanche Pierre-Alexandre , Neifeld Mark , Tuo Mingguang , Xin Hao , Peyghambarian N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe are presenting a compact radar range system with a scale factor of 105. Replacing the radio frequency (RF) by optical wavelength (300 THz), the system easily fit on a tabletop. We used interferometric time-of-flight to reproduce radar ranging measurements. Sub-micron range accuracy was achieved with a 100 fs laser pulse, which correspond to 3 cm for a s-band (3 GHz) radar. We demonstrated the system potential on a simple target, and compared the results with radio frequency measurement using a vector network analyzer. We also present measurement with a more realistic model, a 3D printed reproduction of the USS Arizona battleship, for which a 3D model is extracted from the ranging data. Together with our previous demonstration of radar cross section measurement with a similar system, this report further validates our proposal to use optics to simulate radar properties of complex radio frequency systems.
Nanometre-scale pattern formation on the surface of a photochromic crystal by optical near-field induced photoisomerization
Authors: Nakagomi Ryo , Uchiyama Kazuharu , Suzui Hirotsugu , Hatano Eri , Uchida Kingo , Naruse Makoto , Hori Hirokazu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe observed nanometre-scale optical near-field induced photoisomerization on the surface of a photochromic diarylethene crystal via molecular structural changes using an optical near-field assisted atomic force microscope. A nanometre-scale concavity was formed on the sample surface due to locally induced photoisomerization. By using this optical near-field induced local photoisomerization, we succeeded in generating a pattern of alphabet characters on the surface of the diarylethene crystal below the optical wavelength scale. Further, by exploiting the photochromism of the investigated material, erasure of the generated pattern was also confirmed, where the evolution of the pattern during erasure depended on the local spatial characteristics of the crystal. These experimental findings demonstrate the fundamental abilities of photochromic crystals in dynamic memorization in nanometre-scale light–matter interactions.
Tracking health seeking behavior during an Ebola outbreak via mobile phones and SMS
Authors: Feng Shuo , Grépin Karen A. , Chunara Rumi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe recent Ebola outbreak in West Africa was an exemplar for the need to rapidly measure population-level health-seeking behaviors, in order to understand healthcare utilization during emergency situations. Taking advantage of the high prevalence of mobile phones, we deployed a national SMS-poll and collected data about individual-level health and health-seeking behavior throughout the outbreak from 6694 individuals from March to June 2015 in Liberia. Using propensity score matching to generate balanced subsamples, we compared outcomes in our survey to those from a recent household survey (the 2013 Liberian Demographic Health Survey). We found that the matched subgroups had similar patterns of delivery location in aggregate, and utilizing data on the date of birth, we were able to show that facility-based deliveries were significantly decreased during, compared to after the outbreak (p < 0.05) consistent with findings from retrospective studies using healthcare-based data. Directly assessing behaviors from individuals via SMS also enabled the measurement of public and private sector facility utilization separately, which has been a challenge in other studies in countries including Liberia which rely mainly on government sources of data. In doing so, our data suggest that public facility-based deliveries returned to baseline values after the outbreak. Thus, we demonstrate that with the appropriate methodological approach to account for different population denominators, data sourced via mobile tools such as SMS polling could serve as an important low-cost complement to existing data collection strategies especially in situations where higher-frequency data than can be feasibly obtained through surveys is useful.
Health intelligence: how artificial intelligence transforms population and personalized health
Authors: Shaban-Nejad Arash , Michalowski Martin , Buckeridge David L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdvances in computational and data sciences for data management, integration, mining, classification, filtering, visualization along with engineering innovations in medical devices have prompted demands for more comprehensive and coherent strategies to address the most fundamental questions in health care and medicine. Theory, methods, and models from artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the health care landscape in clinical and community settings and have already shown promising results in multiple applications in healthcare including, integrated health information systems, patient education, geocoding health data, social media analytics, epidemic and syndromic surveillance, predictive modeling and decision support, mobile health, and medical imaging (e.g. radiology and retinal image analyses). Health intelligence uses tools and methods from artificial intelligence and data science to provide better insights, reduce waste and wait time, and increase speed, service efficiencies, level of accuracy, and productivity in health care and medicine.
Negative-capacitance and bulk photovoltaic phenomena in gallium nitride nanorods network
Authors: Thakre Atul , Kushvaha Sunil Singh , Kumar M. Senthil , Kumar Ashok 
Published: September 2018

An enhanced self-powered near-ultraviolet photodetection phenomenon was observed in epitaxial gallium nitride (GaN) nanorod networks grown on an intermediate layer of N:GaN on a nitridated HfO2(N:HfO2)/SiO2/p-Si substrate.
A Study of Social Media Utilization by Individuals With Tinnitus
Authors: Deshpande Aniruddha K. , Deshpande Shruti Balvalli , O'Brien Colleen 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
As more people experience tinnitus, social awareness of tinnitus has consequently increased, due in part to the Internet. Social media platforms are being used increasingly by patients to seek health-related information for various conditions including tinnitus. These online platforms may be used to seek guidance from and share experiences with individuals suffering from a similar disorder. Some social media platforms can also be used to communicate with health care providers. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of tinnitus-related information on social media platforms.

Method
The present investigation analyzed the portrayal of tinnitus-related information across 3 social media platforms: Facebook (pages and groups), Twitter, and YouTube. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the platforms using the key words “tinnitus” and “ringing in the ears.” The results on each platform were manually examined by 2 reviewers based on social media activity metrics, such as “likes,” “followers,” and “comments.”

Results
The different social media platforms yielded diverse results, allowing individuals to learn about tinnitus, seek support, advocate for tinnitus awareness, and connect with medical professionals. The greatest activity was seen on Facebook pages, followed by YouTube videos. Various degrees of misinformation were found across all social media platforms.

Conclusions
The present investigation reveals copious amounts of tinnitus-related information on different social media platforms, which the community with tinnitus may use to learn about and cope with the condition. Audiologists must be aware that tinnitus sufferers often turn to social media for additional help and should understand the current climate of how tinnitus is portrayed. Clinicians should be equipped to steer individuals with tinnitus toward valid information.
The Value of Detailed First-Trimester Ultrasound Anomaly Scan for the Detection of Chromosomal Abnormalities
Authors: Tekesin Ismail 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the performance of first-trimester ultrasound screening involving a detailed anomaly scan for the detection of trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy, Turner syndrome and trisomy 21.
Methods Data of pregnant women who underwent aneuploidy screening at 11–13 weeks of gestation was retrospectively analyzed. Crown-rump length (CRL), fetal nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and nasal bone (NB) anatomy, blood flow across the tricuspid valve (TV) and through the ductus venosus (DV) were assessed. Furthermore, a detailed scan for fetal anatomical anomalies (FA) was carried out. Performance of these markers was assessed by logistic regression and ROC analyses for different screening models.
Results 4005 fetuses were analyzed. 3856 were euploid, 149 aneuploid (trisomy 18: 40; trisomy 13: 14; triploidy: 3; Turner syndrome: 17; trisomy 21: 75 cases). 70–100 % of the fetuses with trisomy 18 and 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome but only 34.7 % with trisomy 21 had at least one fetal defect. Considering all aneuploidies, the detection rate (DR) for screening based on MA+NT+NB+TV+DV was 90.6 % and improved to 96.0 % if an FA was added (fixed false-positive rate: 3 %). If screening was based on MA+NT+FA, the detection rate for all aneuploidies was 85.2 %. However, the DR for trisomy 18, trisomy 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome (excluding trisomy 21) was 94.6 %, indicating the high diagnostic value of an anomaly scan for these aneuploidies.
Conclusion Incorporation of a detailed fetal anomaly scan (FA) into first-trimester screening algorithms can improve the detection rates for trisomy 18 and 13, triploidy and Turner syndrome.
Interpreting Osteogenesis Imperfecta Variants of Uncertain Significance in the Context of Physical Abuse: A Case Series
Authors: Canter Jennifer , Rao Vinod , Palusci Vincent , Kronn David , Manaster Michal , Altman Robin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnexplained childhood fracture(s) warrant consideration of physical abuse and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Genetic OI testing may identify “variants of unknown significance (VUS).” Interpretation of VUS in context of potential abuse may have protective, criminal, and medical impacts. This case series explores practices regarding clinicians' interpretation of VUS during child abuse evaluations. Variability was noted regarding factors considered for interpreting clinical significance. Based on these cases, recommendations for careful and thorough evaluation are detailed, including proposed use of a limited follow-up skeletal survey in 3 months, as a consideration to assess healing of prior fractures and to look for any additional injuries.
Augmented energy balance data analysis to correct slope bias due to non-linearity: joint analysis of heat production and energy balance data with reference to ruminants.
Authors: Dhanoa M. S. , Sanderson R. , Cammell S. B. , Haines M. J. , Lopez S. , France J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A holistic statistical modelling procedure for the analysis of energy balance (EB) studies is proposed in this review. We show that a switch from EB-based analysis to heat production (HP)-based analysis has some advantages. The use of augmented EB data with a fasting HP estimate is proposed to correct slope bias due to non-linearity. This is facilitated by joint or parallel analysis of HP and EB data. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy intake (MEI) will lead to an increased HP attributed to greater energy cost of digestion and other metabolic processes following an exponential-like trajectory. This will correspondingly introduce a diminishing-returns-like non-linearity in the EB versus MEI relationship because HP and EB complement each other. This makes the assumption of linearity somewhat erroneous unless the MEI range is very close to the maintenance level. By using non-linear regression models (e.g. diminishing returns curves), we do not need to impose the assumption of linearity of the relationship EB versus MEI. In this study, we show how estimates of FHP, derived from the analysis of HP data (scaled by metabolic weight), can be included in EB data analysis allowing for the estimation of unbiased curvature-based slope parameters.
Surfable Surveys: Using Web-Based Technology to Reach Newsroom Respondents
Authors: Adams Terry , Cleary Johanna 
Published: September 2018

This study deconstructs some of the challenges and successes in using Web-based tools to survey three groups of broadcast news personnel: news directors, producers, and show directors. In conducting two recent newsroom-based research projects, we found that Web-based survey methods offer many conveniences, including ease of design, the elimination of the data-entry phase of the project, and flexibility in question type, question order, and skip patterns. Although broadcast news personnel use a great deal of technology in their day-to-day work and are comfortable with Web interface, the use of this method in survey research didn't result in higher response rates. Significant follow-up communication to nonrespondents was still necessary. Another primary difficulty in the use of Web-based survey methods in newsrooms was the inability to easily access e-mail and contact information for potential respondents. The unspoken obstacle in newsroom survey research is the reluctance of industry professionals to dedicate time to research initiatives and the academic approach dictating certain protocols. On the basis of our experiences in fielding these two projects, several logistical suggestions for the creation and deployment of Web surveys are offered.
Retracted: Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera on copper nanoparticle induced toxicity in Cyprinus carpio assessed by histology and oxidative stress markers
Authors: Noureen Aasma , Jabeen Farhat , Tabish Tanveer A , Zahoor Muhammad Kashif , Ali Muhammad , Iqbal Rehana , Yaqub Sajid , Chaudhry Abdul Shakoor 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) enter the environment mainly through waste water effluents, accidental spillage, and industrial runoffs. This is worrying because NPs can enter the human body owing to their large aspect-to-size ratio and reactive surfaces that facilitate their penetration through biological barriers and thus can induce oxidative stress in host cells. Therefore, there is a growing concern about the toxicity of NPs, which needs to be addressed. Thus, this study investigated the ameliorative effects of Moringa
oleifera seed extract (MOSE) in Cyprinus
carpio exposed to copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs). For the in vivo assessment of the shielding effects of MOSE, 240 samples of C. carpio (40–45 g) were randomly allocated to 24 experimental tanks (10 fish/tank of 40 L) 24 h prior to the start of this experiment. The experimental fish were faced with the water-born exposure of a pre-determined dose of 1.5 mg Cu-NPs/l along with pre- and post-treatment with different doses (100 or 200 or 300 mg l−1) of MOSE for 28 days. The MOSE showed significant ameliorative effect on the antioxidant defense, in response to the elevated levels of Cu-NP-induced oxidative stress. It also played a protective role as indicated by the suppression of the histological alterations in the gills and liver of fish exposed to the Cu-NPs. It was concluded that the Cu-NP-induced toxicity in C. carpio was ameliorated by the use of MOSE in this study. Moreover, the post-Cu-NP treatment stage showed more protective effects of MOSE than the pre-Cu-NP treatment phase. Further studies are suggested to determine the optimum dose and delivery method of MOSE for similar or different NP exposed fish.
Histological and Anthropometric Changes in the Aging Nose
Authors: Helal Hesham Aly , Ghanem Mohamed Abdel Mohsen , Al-Badawy Ahmed Mohamed , Abdel Haleem Mohamed Mammdouh , Mousa Manal Hassan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Rhinoplasty in the elderly requires different surgical approaches due to the morphological and structural changes affecting the nose over time.

Objectives
In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate the age-related cellular and architectural changes of nasal cartilages and soft tissue attachments.

Methods
This prospective study included 80 patients who underwent rhinoplasty. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age. Group I included 40 patients ranging in age from 19 to 39 years. Group II included 40 patients aged at least 40 years. Samples from nasal cartilages (upper lateral, lower lateral, and septum) and nasal attachments (interdomal, inter-cartilaginous, and septo-crural) were taken. All specimens were evaluated histologically to detect age-related changes. A modified version of the Mankin grading scale was used to score each nasal cartilage sample. All attachment samples were examined by image analysis for quantitative assessment. The results were correlated to preoperative anthropometric measurements of nasolabial angle and nasal projection.

Results
Histologically, in group II, the cartilage matrix showed fibrinoid degeneration with a significant decrease in the number of chondrocytes and increased perichondrial fibrosis compared with group I. Attachments in group II showed a lower number of blood vessels and decreased percentage of collagen bundles. Modified Mankin scores were significantly higher in group II, indicating weak cartilages compared with group I. There was negative correlation and significance between projection, nasolabial angle, cartilages, and attachments in study groups. The linear regression model revealed that the lower lateral cartilage is the cartilage that is most affected by the aging process.

Conclusions
These findings not only enhance our current understanding of the natural changes that occur in the nose during aging but may also affect surgical decision-making when grafting or suturing are considered during rhinoplasty.

Level of Evidence: 2
Quality of Life After Epilepsy Surgery in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Maragkos Georgios A , Geropoulos Georgios , Kechagias Konstantinos , Ziogas Ioannis A , Mylonas Konstantinos S 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Pediatric epilepsy surgery is a treatment modality appropriate for select patients with debilitating medication-resistant seizures. Previous publications have studied seizure freedom as the main outcome of epilepsy surgery. However, there has been no systematic assessment of the postoperative life quality for these children.

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the quality of life (QOL) long-term outcomes after surgery for intractable epilepsy in pediatric patients.

METHODS
A systematic search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed. Studies reporting questionnaire-assessed QOL at least 12 months postoperatively were included. QOL means and standard deviations were compared between surgically and medically managed patients, between the preoperative and postoperative state of each patient, and were further stratified into patients achieving seizure freedom, and those who did not. Meta-analysis was performed using fixed effects models for weighted mean differences (WMD), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and sensitivity analyses. Funnel plots and Begg's tests were utilized to detect publication bias.

RESULTS
The search yielded 18 retrospective studies, reporting 890 surgical patients. Following epilepsy surgery, children had significant QOL improvement compared to their preoperative state (WMD: 16.71, 95% CI: 12.19-21.22, P < .001) and better QOL than matched medically treated controls (WMD: 12.42, 95% CI: 6.25-18.58, P < .001). Patients achieving total seizure freedom after surgery had significant postoperative QOL improvement (WMD: 16.12, 95% CI: 7.98-24.25, P < .001), but patients not achieving seizure freedom did not achieve statistical significance (P = .79).

CONCLUSION
Epilepsy surgery can effectively improve QOL in children with medication-resistant seizures, through seizure freedom, which was associated with the greatest improvement in life quality.
Implications of Inflammasomes in Human Diseases: NLRP3 Inflammasome and Animal Models
Authors: Sakimoto Tohru 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Danger-associated molecular patterns, such as nuclear or cytosolic proteins released outside the cell or exposed on the cell surface after tissue injury, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and nucleic acid, stimulate the formation of a large protein complex called the inflammasome. The inflammasome is a cytosolic complex of 3 proteins that cleaves and releases interleukin-1β. Recent studies have characterized a multitude of inflammasome ligands of both endogenous and exogenous origins. Moreover, using various animal models, the implications of inflammasomes in human diseases have been elucidated for multifaceted diseases such as metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Alzheimer disease, and certain inflammatory skin diseases. This article reviews several of these conditions and discusses the different models proposed for inflammasome involvement, including animal models of the cornea.
Ocular Surface Reconstruction with the Autologous Conjunctival Epithelium and Establishment of a Feeder-Free and Serum-Free Culture System
Authors: Yamagami Satoru , Yokoo Seiichi , Sakimoto Tohru 
Published: September 2018

Abstract:
Transplantation of the autologous cultured corneal limbal epithelium and oral mucosal epithelium is a standard technique for ocular surface reconstruction under corneal limbal stem cell deficiency. As an option for bilateral cases, we recommend utilization of autologous conjunctivae for ocular surface reconstruction. Autologous conjunctival epithelium sheet transplantation was effective for bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency without symblepharon or severe keratinization. Moreover, we established a feeder-free and serum-free culture system of the limbal epithelium. This system can be applied for culturing conjunctival epithelia. Autologous cultured conjunctival epithelium transplantation is a practical option for treating bilateral corneal limbal stem cell deficiency.
Evaluation of Corneal Epithelial Thickness Imaged by High Definition Optical Coherence Tomography in Healthy Eyes
Authors: Baghdasaryan Elmira , Tepelus Tudor C. , Marion Kenneth M. , Bagherinia Homayoun , Sadda SriniVas R. , Hsu Hugo Y. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate corneal epithelial thickness (CET) and corneal thickness (CT) in healthy eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods:
Thirty-six healthy eyes were imaged using the Cirrus high-definition (HD)-optical coherence tomography device. The average CET and CT were assessed using Cirrus Review Software within predefined concentric corneal ring-shaped zones. Specific regions of CET (superior, inferior, temporal, nasal, superonasal, inferotemporal, superotemporal, and inferonasal) were also assessed. The difference between zones was compared between males and females.

Results:
The average CET was 48.3, 47.1, 46.1, and 45.8 μm in the 4 concentric zones (0–2, 2–5, 5–7, and 7–9 mm), respectively (P < 0.001). The average CT was 533.5, 550.8, and 579.4 μm in the 3 zones (0–2, 2–5, and 5–7 mm), respectively (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant correlation between CET and CT in any of the measured zones. Males had thicker corneas than did females in each of the 3 CT zones (P < 0.05), but CET did not differ significantly. The CET superonasal–inferotemporal in 2.0 to 5.0 mm and CET superotemporal–inferonasal in 5.0- to 7.0-mm zones were significantly thinner in males than in females (−1.15 vs. 0.9 μm, −3.5 vs. −1.9 μm), respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Optical coherence tomography-based analysis of CET reveals that it is thinner in the periphery, whereas the total corneal thickness is greater. Although total CT seems to be influenced by sex, CET is not. Regional and sex-based variations in CT may need to be considered when assessing corneal and epithelial alterations in the setting of disease.