bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrieval Practice Facilitates Judgments of Learning Through Multiple Mechanisms
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Mengting , Liu Xiaonan L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrior studies have shown that predictions of subsequent performance (i.e., Judgments of Learning, JoLs) following practice tests are more accurate than those following re-study. The majority of studies have suggested that retrieval practice allows people to base their predictions on the current retrieval outcomes so that they assign a higher likelihood of remembering the answers with high confidence. We speculated that other information made available through retrieval practice might also be important for JoLs. In the present study, we asked participants to study word pairs and undergo either a practice test or re-study. Two testing formats (cued-recall and multiple choice) were administrated for practice tests in two separate experiments. After each practice trial, participants rated their confidence in the current retrieval accuracy (test) or confidence in acquisition (re-study), followed by a JoL rating where participants predicted their performance in the final test one day later. The results of both experiments showed that the correlation between JoL ratings and the final accuracy was higher for trials practiced with testing. Moreover, using mediation analyses, we found that this high correspondence was only partially mediated by participants’ confidence in practice tests. More importantly, the reaction time of retrieval also significantly mediated the correspondence between JoLs and the final accuracy, suggesting that participants were able to correctly base their JoLs on multiple sources of information that is made available through retrieval practice. We conclude that practice testing benefits JoLs through multiple mechanisms.
Strategies for understanding dynamic, personalized profiles of host-derived proteins and microbes from human stool
Authors: Casavant Ellen , Dethlefsen Les , Sankaran Kris , Sprockett Daniel , Holmes Susan , Relman David A. , Elias Joshua E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMeasuring host proteins through noninvasive stool-based assays opens new avenues for characterizing states of gastrointestinal health. However, the extent to which these proteins vary over time and between healthy subjects is poorly characterized. Here, we characterize technical and biological sources of variability in mass spectrometry-based measurements of host proteins in stool. We identify the proteins that most vary over time within an individual, and among different individuals. Finally, we examine and compare temporal and inter-individual variation in host protein and bacterial taxonomic profiles of the same fecal specimens. To address these issues, five self-reported healthy individuals were each sampled eight times over four weeks. First, we demonstrate that mass spectrometry-based identification and label-free quantification of stool proteins exhibit non-significant variability (p>0.05) between both technical and preparative replicates for a subset of 78 proteins, supporting the utility of this method for biomarker measurement. Second, although 13 human stool proteins varied significantly in relative abundance over time within individuals, 58 proteins varied significantly (at least four-fold) between subjects. The average pair-wise difference between individuals was greater than the average within-subject difference for both the proteome and microbiome datasets (p<0.0001). Fecal host proteins, like the traditional fecal protein marker, calprotectin, unambiguously pointed to innate and adaptive immune responses. For example, one subject’s fecal protein profile suggested a sub-clinical inflammatory state. From these data, we conclude that host-centric protein measurements in stool reveal a wide range of variation during states of apparent health, and add a valuable complementary insight into host-microbiota relationships.IMPORTANCEHuman proteins in stool hold untapped potential for characterizing gastrointestinal health. To fully harness this potential and create a baseline of healthy stool protein abundances and identifications, it will be important to establish the extent to which these proteins might vary in the absence of disease. This study quantifies the major sources of variation in stool protein abundance data. We assessed technical, preparative, temporal, and inter-subject variability of human protein abundances in stool and found that among these sources, differences between subjects accounted for the greatest amount of variation, followed by temporal differences, and then technical factors. Our paired microbiome analysis found matching patterns of temporal and inter-subject variability. By characterizing multiple variance parameters in host stool protein abundances, our analysis helps to contextualize a wide range of future disease-focused stool studies as well as elucidate host-microbe interactions.
Epilepsy in children in Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Mond Casparia , Vince John D , Duke Trevor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundEpilepsy affects up to 1-4% of children living in low income and middle countries, however there are few studies of the problems faced by children with epilepsy in such settings.AimTo document the characteristics and situation for children with epilepsy in Port Moresby, an urban area in Papua New Guinea, a low-middle income country in the Western Pacific region. To describe the types of epilepsy, associated comorbidities, treatment access and barriers, the adequacy of seizure control, the quality of life and developmental opportunities, and the difficulties faced by children with epilepsy and their families.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study, following children with epilepsy over 18-24 months. Mixed methods evaluations included assessments of seizure control, medications, neurodevelopment, and structured interviews with children and parents, and a parent-diary to record additional information.ResultsForty-seven children with epilepsy were followed for a median of 18 months; 75% were being treated with phenobarbitone. Seizure control improved over time for some children, but inconsistent supply of phenobarbitone hindered better control. Twenty six (55%) children had some developmental delay. Children gave vivid descriptions of their experience of seizures. Most children and parents had a positive view of the future but faced many challenges including financial difficulties, fear of seizures especially at school, restriction of activity and stigma and discrimination.ConclusionComprehensive care for children with epilepsy requires a good knowledge of the individual patient - including their seizure type and comorbidities, their family, and their strengths and vulnerabilities. It requires long term follow up, with a dedicated team of health professionals to provide support.
The use of mixture-density networks in the emulation of complex epidemiological individual-based models
Authors: Davis Christopher N , Hollingsworth T Deirdre , Caudron Quentin , Irvine Michael A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractComplex, highly computational, individual-based models are abundant in epidemiology. For epidemics such as macro-parasitic diseases, detailed modelling of human behaviour and pathogen life-cycle are required in order to produce accurate results. This can often lead to models that are computationally-expensive to analyse and perform model fitting, and often require many simulation runs in order to build up sufficient statistics. Emulation can provide a more computationally-efficient output of the individual-based model, by approximating it using a statistical model. Previous work has used Gaussian processes in order to achieve this, but these can not deal with multi-modal, heavy-tailed, or discrete distributions. Here, we introduce the concept of a mixture density network (MDN) in its application in the emulation of epidemiological models. MDNs incorporate both a mixture model and a neural network to provide a flexible tool for emulating a variety of models and outputs. We develop an MDN emulation methodology and demonstrate its use on a number of simple models incorporating both normal, gamma and beta distribution outputs. We then explore its use on the stochastic SIR model to predict the final size distribution and infection dynamics. MDNs have the potential to faithfully reproduce multiple outputs of an individual-based model and allow for rapid analysis from a range of users. As such, an open-access library of the method has been released alongside this manuscript.Author summaryInfectious disease modellers have a growing need to expose their models to a variety of stakeholders in interactive, engaging ways that allow them to explore different scenarios. This approach can come with a considerable computational cost that motivates providing a simpler representation of the complex model. We propose the use of mixture density networks as a solution to this problem. These are highly flexible, deep neural network-based models that can emulate a variety of data, including counts and over-dispersion. We explore their use firstly through emulating a negative-binomial distribution, which arises in many places in ecology and parasite epidemiology. We then explore the approach using a stochastic SIR model. We also provide an accompanying Python library with code for all examples given in the manuscript. We believe that the use of emulation will provide a method to package an infectious disease model such that it can be disseminated to the widest audience possible.
MRtrix3: A fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation
Authors: Tournier J-Donald , Smith Robert , Raffelt David , Tabbara Rami , Dhollander Thijs , Pietsch Maximilian , Christiaens Daan , Jeurissen Ben , Yeh Chun-Hung , Connelly Alan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMRtrix3 is an open-source, cross-platform software package for medical image processing, analysis and visualization, with a particular emphasis on the investigation of the brain using diffusion MRI. It is implemented using a fast, modular and flexible general-purpose code framework for image data access and manipulation, enabling efficient development of new applications, whilst retaining high computational performance and a consistent command-line interface between applications. In this article, we provide a high-level overview of the features of the MRtrix3 framework and general-purpose image processing applications provided with the software.
Large-scale brain network dynamics provide a measure of psychosis and anxiety in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Zöller Daniela , Sandini Corrado , Karahanoğlu Fikret Işik , Padula Maria Carmela , Schaer Marie , Eliez Stephan , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProdromal positive psychotic symptoms and anxiety are two strong risk factors for schizophrenia in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). The analysis of large-scale brain network dynamics during rest is promising to investigate aberrant brain function and identify potentially more reliable biomarkers. We retrieved and examined dynamics of large-scale functional brain networks using innovation-driven co-activation patterns (iCAPs) and probed into functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms and anxiety. Patients with 22q11DS had shorter activation in cognitive brain networks and longer activation in emotion processing networks. Functional signatures of prodromal psychotic symptoms confirmed an implication of cingulo-prefrontal salience network activation duration and coupling. Functional signatures of anxiety un-covered an implication of amygdala activation and coupling, indicating differential roles of dorsal and ventral sub-divisions of anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices. These results confirm that the dynamic nature of brain network activation contains essential function to develop clinically relevant imaging markers of psychosis vulnerability.
Ion Condensation onto Ribozyme is Site-Specific and Fold-Dependent
Authors: Hori Naoto , Denesyuk Natalia A. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe highly charged RNA molecules, with each phosphate carrying a single negative charge, cannot fold into well-defined architectures with tertiary interactions, in the absence of ions. For ribozymes, divalent cations are known to be more efficient than monovalent ions in driving them to a compact state although often Mg2+ ions are needed for catalytic activity. Therefore, how ions interact with RNA is relevant in understanding RNA folding. It is often thought that the most of the ions are territorially and non-specifically bound to the RNA, as predicted by the counterion condensation (CIC) theory. Here, we show using simulations of Azoarcus ribozyme, based on an accurate coarse-grained Three Site Interaction (TIS) model, with explicit divalent and monovalent cations, that ion condensation is highly specific and depends on the nucleotide position. The regions with high coordination between the phosphate groups and the divalent cations are discernible at very low concentrations when the ribozyme does not form tertiary interactions. Surprisingly, these regions also contain the secondary structural elements that nucleate subsequently in the self-assembly of RNA, implying that ion condensation is determined by the architecture of the folded state. These results are in sharp contrast to interactions of ions (monovalent and divalent) with rigid charged rods in which ion condensation is uniform and position independent. The differences are explained in terms of the dramatic non-monotonic shape fluctuations in the ribozyme as it folds with increasing Mg2+ or Ca2+ concentration.
Being a cleaner in The Netherlands: coping with the dirty work stigma
Authors: van Vlijmen Jorcho 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study aims to explore what it is like to be a cleaner in the Netherlands. Drawing on the dirty work theory, it answers the question of how cleaners in the Netherlands cope with the dirty work stigma.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative approach: 24 cleaners were interviewed and the researcher participated in a three-month cleaning course. By doing so, an insiders’ perspective was taken. Drawing upon the dirty work theory, a thematic analysis was made.

Findings
Cleaners take great pride in their work, but because of their social invisibility, they are not recognized by the people they work for, and they fail in being proud of themselves. This has moral consequences since cleaners start doubting whether they are seen as equal. Eventually, cleaners have an ambivalent relationship with their job.

Practical implications
Given the moral consequences, FM practitioners and researchers should take these findings into account. As FM value is dependent on the quality of the relations between FM and its stakeholders (e.g. cleaners), FM is challenged to think about its responsibilities toward cleaners and other dirty workers in its context.

Originality/value
There is not much research done in cleaning. The research that is done focuses on efficiency and organization of cleaning. Only little research focuses on the cleaner, an insiders’ perspective is scarce.
Floor finish selection in the design of healthcare facilities: a survey of facility managers
Authors: Dixit Manish K. , Singh Shashank , Lavy Sarel , Yan Wei , Pariafsai Fatemeh , Ostadalimakhmalbaf Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to create a knowledge base for decision-making in healthcare design by seeking, analyzing and discussing the preferences of facility managers of healthcare facilities regarding floor finishes and their selection criteria. The goal is to enable a simplified and holistic selection of floor finishes based on multiple criteria. The authors studied floor finish selection in three healthcare units: emergency, surgery and in-patient units.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors completed a literature review to identify types of floor finishes currently used in healthcare facilities and the criteria applied for their selection. Using the literature survey results, a questionnaire was designed and administered to healthcare facility managers. The descriptive statistical analysis and the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests were used for reporting and analyzing the survey data.

Findings
The top five floor finishes used in the healthcare sector were identified as vinyl flooring, vinyl composite tile (VCT), rubber, linoleum and ceramic flooring. The top five selection criteria for floor finishes were durability, infection control, ease of maintenance, maintenance cost and user safety. The non-parametric test results show that the floor finish rankings and selection criteria were similar in the three healthcare units under study.

Originality/value
The most significant contribution of this research is to the design decision-making process of healthcare facilities. These results offer an understanding of what floor finishes are preferred by healthcare facility managers and why. This knowledge is crucial for designers and facility managers to make informed choices and floor finish manufacturers to keep their product line relevant to the industry.
Antecedents and outcomes of relationship quality in casual dining restaurants
Authors: Prayag Girish , Hosany Sameer , Taheri Babak , Ekiz Erdogan Haktan 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study examines the mediating effects of relationship quality (RQ) on the relationship between six antecedents and loyalty and the moderating effects of gender on these relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a convenience sample of 300 respondents as they exited well-known casual dining restaurants in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia.

Findings
With the exception of physical environment, food quality, customer orientation, communication, relationship benefits and price fairness were significant predictors of RQ. RQ partially mediates the relationships between its antecedents and loyalty. Multi-group analyses reveal significant differences between males and females on these relationships.

Research limitations/implications
At the theoretical level, the study contributes to the conceptualization of RQ in tourism and hospitality research. The sample is not representative of all casual dining restaurants in KL, but findings have important implications for restaurant management in terms of relationship marketing, advertising strategies and customer loyalty development.

Originality/value
The study extends existing models of RQ in the hospitality and tourism literature by confirming that RQ is best modeled as a second-order construct consisting of three first-order dimensions: trust, satisfaction and commitment. The study also demonstrates that RQ mediates the relationship between the antecedents of RQ and loyalty. Finally, this research confirms the moderating effects of gender on the hypothesized relationships.
Participation and conflict between local community and institutions in conservation processes
Authors: Cina’ Giuseppe , Demiröz Merve , Mu Qi 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue the many ways in which the conservation and revitalisation processes in Novara carried out over several decades are representative not only of the Italian approach to urban conservation but also of the fruitful relationship between institutional and social bodies.Design/methodology/approachThrough an exploratory study approach, this paper illustrates how social actors contributed to the conservation process of Novara Old Town, and documents the regeneration of two historic complexes, the Castle of Novara and Casa Bossi. To do so, it drew upon content analyses of the official reports and planning tools and a set of semi-structured interviews conducted with the representatives of the community organisations and the Municipal Planning Board.FindingsThe study demonstrates the effectiveness of a third actor whose double role entails cooperation and conflict. The participatory approach applied in these two heritage complexes has proved to be cost-effective because it is inherently able to effect “planning in the public domain” and address socially sustainable outcomes.Originality/valueThe Italian approach to the conservation of historic cities has been widely acknowledged as a “good recipe” in the international context. However, little attention has been paid to how this success story depends on a unique relationship between public bodies and local communities. To fill this gap, the paper shed light on the historic centre of Novara and two particular heritage complexes in terms of the relations of different actors in conservation and regeneration processes.
DoesShariahcommittee composition influenceShariahgovernance disclosure?
Authors: Noordin Nazrul Hazizi , Kassim Salina 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the empirical linkage between the composition ofShariahCommittee and the extent ofShariahgovernance disclosure in 16 licensed Islamic banks in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopted a multiple regression analysis to test the association between the composition ofShariahCommittee and the extent ofShariahgovernance disclosure. A disclosure index was developed to measure the extent ofShariahgovernance disclosure made by the Islamic banks. Whereas to measure the extent ofShariahgovernance disclosure, this study used content analysis as a method of coding qualitative information in the annual reports.FindingsUsing 2009 data, the study found a significant association between different compositions of theShariahCommittee in the Malaysian Islamic banks and theirShariahgovernance disclosure level before the introduction of theShariahGovernance Framework (SGF). However, because of less variation in the composition ofShariahCommittee after the introduction of SGF 2010, a weak linkage was found between the composition ofShariahCommittee and the extent ofShariahdisclosure of Malaysian Islamic banks in 2013.Research limitations/implicationsFindings of this study offer several implications for further improvements of the Malaysian Islamic banking sector in particular, and other Islamic banks globally. As better composition ofShariahCommittee in terms of its size, academic background and other relevant expertise would result in effective monitoring system leading to better practices ofShariahdisclosure, this finding highlights the relevance and important role of theShariahCommittee in improving voluntaryShariahdisclosure level of the Islamic banks. This finding suggests that ample focus has to be channelled in strengthening the composition ofShariahCommittee in crafting future development of SGF in Malaysia. It is also suggested that Islamic banks need to give priority in providing more education and training in various areas of expertise to theirShariahCommittee members that would result in greater confidence of investors, stakeholders and the society on the information disclosed by the banks.Originality/valueThe novelty of this paper lies in highlighting the importance of different composition ofShariahCommittee in determining the extent of voluntary disclosure made onShariahmatters by the Islamic banks.