bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban settlement growth factors through ekistics element approach (Case study: Jember City)
Authors: Farizkha I A , Koesoemawati RR D J , Suprobo R A , Listyawati R N , Hayati N N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Urban Sprawl phenomenon occurs because of the uncontrolled development of urban settlements. The uncontrolled development of these settlements has resulted in a decline in environmental quality due to changes in certain land functions. Ecistic is a tool that is considered appropriate for understanding the settlement. Research uses ecistic elements to see a settlement in one large frame, namely total settlements patterns with a classification scheme related to elements of settlements, namely nature, anthropos, society, shells, networks. This research was conducted to understand the conditions of residential growth to find out the growth factors that occur. Several stages of analysis carried out in this study include identification of settlement characteristics, trend analysis using periodic regional image analysis, as well as analysis of factors that influence settlement development using AHP techniques. The results showed that settlement development began to occur sporadically in the period 2006-2018 to the south with the highest density concentration remaining in the city center. In the physical organization of space, the development of settlements forms an octopus pattern (Octopus/Star Shape Cities). The results of the AHP analysis strengthen these conditions where the location of settlements and activities is the main factor that causes the growth of settlements.
Heritage and the change of meaning: Understanding the urban heritage in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Siregar JP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The heritage of Yogyakarta is always situated in a dynamic environment. The conflicting situation is reflected by the ideological tensions during the creation of historical object in the past and the use of heritage in the present day. This issue leads to the underrated appreciation for the historical meaning. This article reveals the ideological process in the creation of heritage object and the recognition of meaning in the present day. The study uses literature study and in-depth interview to reveal the past and currently perceived meaning. This study provides a basis for understanding the change of meaning in heritage discourse.
The Jakarta Detailed Spatial Plan evaluation based on sustainable development principles
Authors: Drestalita N C , Saputra R T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Jakarta is one of the megacities in the world dealing with sustainability issues where urban planning plays a major role in achieving the city sustainability. This paper aims to analyze the extent to which sustainable development (SD) principles are embodied in the Jakarta Detailed Spatial Plan (RDTR). This aim is achieved by identifying SD principles through literature review based on the three pillars of SD: economy, environment, society. These principles are used to analyze the plan using Qualitative Content Analysis with scoring technique. The result shows that the SD indicators with the highest scores are sustainable transport system, green space and biodiversity, and waste management, while inclusive community, and safety and security have the lowest.
Assessment of structural behavior of torque converter dampener
Authors: Das Ujjwal Kumar , Victoria Vinogradov , Bhaskara Ch 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A Torque Converter Dampener is a primary component for transmittal of power between the Engine and the Transmission. It comprises of three major components – driving cage plates, driven cage plates and set of springs. Being a spring based system, it provides a smooth conversion of torque from engine to the driveline. When the vehicle performs a gearshift, these springs damp the driveline oscillations and they get locked when the vehicle runs at a higher speed. A Torque Converter Dampener assembly is typically subjected to high torque and centrifugal loading and sometimes, there is a chance of breaking of the springs under operating loading conditions. This paper explains detailed method of analyzing Torque Converter Dampener using Finite Element Analysis. Cage plates and springs are modeled accurately with interactions and boundary conditions properly defined similar to actual hardware, in order to capture the physics of the system. As the problem is highly complex in nature, material non linearity, temperature effect and effect of dynamic fluid pressure are not taken into consideration. The analysis process takes care of the spring’s installation followed by applying centrifugal force and torque in alternating sequence. Similar method is repeated for different spring orientation to find out the worst case model and loading sequence. High stress locations on springs and Driving/Driven cage plates are identified and correlated with the actual hardware test results.
Extraction of vibration behavior in conventional and electric drive two-wheeler using order analysis
Authors: Mulla Lalsaheb , Khuba Piyush , Dhere Apeksha , Palanivelu Sakthivel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electrification of automobiles results in new and challenging characteristics of vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) and ride comfort. Optimized architecture of electric vehicles has been evolved for appropriate placement of electric power drives. This paper presents the experiments performed for order analysis technique to predict the vibrational behavior of conventional and electric scooters which was not used in 2-wheelers earlier and used for 4-wheeler noise predictions and for vibration analysis of rotating machinery. Vibrational analysis of source alone in conventional and electric two-wheelers carried out by order analysis and the result is presented through Campbell Diagrams to observe the critical orders along with the variation of the amplitude of vibration as a function of frequency. Target locations’ Vibration Dose Values (VDV) is calculated to assess rider comfort and is compared with the ISO 2631 standard. The higher amplitude of vibration has been observed at 23rd order for electric scooter while for conventional scooter it is noted at 8th and 16th order with reference to the wheel speed. Compared to the conventional scooter, electric scooter exhibits very low overall vibration level and range is away from human perception range resulting in good comfort.
To Optimise the Performance of Electric Powertrain by Tuning the CVT
Authors: Gawade S , Bari J , Anagolkar N , Ashok D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is desperate need to find an alternate power source to run the vehicles. This reasons leads to work on electric vehicles. In India, it has been noticed major part of urban air pollution is caused by auto rickshaw emissions as they are not maintained properly. So switching from conventional rickshaw to electric will significantly reduce this problem in urban areas. Continuously variable transmission (CVT) transfers power uninterrupted due to its infinite gear ratios. Moreover, it allows the motor to run at its optimum speed which ultimately reduces the current consumption. CVT available in current market is design to work efficiently with internal combustion engines. This CVT can be made compatible with pure electric power train by CVT tuning. This paper aims to study and analyses the effect on performance of CVT by varying the mass of flyweights. The driver and driven pulley RPM are measured using DAQ system. This data is then use to obtain gear ratio. The iterations are performed using two different mass of flyweights. The gear ratio verses pulley rpm graphs are compared. The result infers that as the flyweight mass is increase the engagement rpm decreases and up-shift rate increases. This enhances performance of CVT.
Study and control of factors influencing casting shrinkage using DOE and numerical simulation
Authors: Singh Sarabjit , Khanna Dr. Rajesh , Sharma Dr. Neeraj 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to predict the effect of various factors like alloying elements, Inoculation and Carbon Equivalent (CEV) on green sand casting shrinkage defect in gearbox housing, without changing the casting methoding system. Foundries are prone to have defects related to feeding and gating system, sand and process parameters. In some engineering applications, it is very difficult to alter methoding system due to specific casting geometry requirements. If not controlled during development stage, the rejections may seriously affect the productivity. This research work involves the optimization of various factors by DoE and numerical simulation to reduce the shrinkage defect. Unlike the prototype or sample lot trial, mass production of gearbox housing castings has been done in a foundry to achieve the research purpose. Effect of these factors on final casting hardness and tensile strength has also been studied and found to be on positive side, as these parameters are important for satisfactory performance under dynamic loading. Outcome was the reduction in shrinkage porosity from 10.9% to 3.2% with overall saving of 41k USD over the period of 4.5 months. Implication of this study involves standardization of optimum range of alloy elements and inoculation for different grades of grey cast iron.
Vibration Analysis of Heterogeneous Gearbox Faults using EMD Features and SVM Classifier
Authors: Suresh Setti , Naidu VPS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Gearbox is one of the important mechanical power transmission device most commonly used in automobiles and industries to get the desired change in speed and torque. The gearbox fault diagnosis has given utmost importance for its significance in preventing halts of a mechanical system and guaranteeing an advantage of sufficient maintenance. This paper presents the vibration analysis of heterogeneous gearbox faults using EMD features and SVM classifier. The vibration signal is converted into intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with decreasing order of frequencies using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. Feature vector consisting of information theoretic features have been computed for each IMF and concatenated to form a feature set. By using random permutations, the feature set has been divided into training and testing sets. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm has been used as a classification technique to diagnose the gearbox faults, which consists of five-class classification. The accuracy of the developed algorithm has been validated using 100 Monte Carlo runs. A comparative study has been carried between computed features and varying IMF components. The observations made were - clear discrimination of the gearbox faults and improved classification accuracy, which contain - chipped tooth, missing tooth, root fault, surface fault and healthy working state of the gear.
The polylog quotient and the Goncharov quotient in computational Chabauty–Kim theory II
Authors: Dan-Cohen Ishai , Corwin David 
Published: October 2019

This is the second installment in a multi-part series starting with Corwin–Dan-Cohen [arXiv:1812.05707v3]. Building on previous work by Dan-Cohen–Wewers, Dan-Cohen, and F. Brown, we push the computational boundary of our explicit motivic version of Kim’s method in the case of the thrice punctured line over an open subscheme of

Spec
⁡

Z

\operatorname {Spec}\mathbb {Z}

. To do so, we develop a refined version of the algorithm of Dan-Cohen–Wewers tailored specifically to this case. We also commit ourselves fully to working with the polylogarithmic quotient. This allows us to restrict our calculus with motivic iterated integrals to the so-called depth-

1
1

part of the mixed Tate Galois group studied extensively by Goncharov. An application was given in Corwin–Dan-Cohen [arXiv:1812.05707v3], where we verified Kim’s conjecture in an interesting new case.
Innate antipredator behavior can promote infection in fish even in the absence of predators
Authors: Mikheev Victor N , Pasternak Anna F , Morozov Andrew Yu , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNatural enemies—predators and parasites—largely shape the dynamics of ecosystems. It is known that antipredator and antiparasite defense can be mutually conflicting, however consequences of this trade-off for the regulation of infection burden in animals are still poorly understood. We hypothesize that even in the absence of cues from predators, innate antipredator behavior (“ghost of predation past”) interferes with defense against parasites and can enhance the infection risk. As a case study, we explore interactions between a commercial species, the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, and its parasite, the trematode eye-fluke Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. Fish–parasite interactions were tested in compartmentalized tanks where shelters and parasites were presented in different combinations providing various conditions for microhabitat choice and territorial behavior. Shelters were attractive and contestable despite the absence of predators and presence of parasites. The individuals fighting for shelters acquired more than twice the number of cercariae as compared to those in infected shelter-free compartments. Most infected were subordinate fish with a higher ventilation rate. Fish possessing shelters were less vulnerable to parasites than fighting fish. Grouping reduced the infection load, although less efficiently than sheltering. Our data demonstrate that the innate antipredator behavior can undermine antiparasite tactics of the fish and result in higher infection rates. Using our empirical results, we construct a mathematical model which predicts that enriching the environment in fish farming will be beneficial only when a large number of shelters is provided. Using insufficient number of shelters will increase the parasite burden in the fish.
Food Insecurity Is Associated With Lower Levels of Antiretroviral Drug Concentrations in Hair Among a Cohort of Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States
Authors: Leddy Anna M , Sheira Lila A , Tamraz Bani , Sykes Craig , Kashuba Angela D M , Wilson Tracey E , Adedimeji Adebola , Merenstein Daniel , Cohen Mardge H , Wentz Eryka L , Adimora Adaora A , Ofotokun Ighovwerha , Metsch Lisa R , Turan Janet M , Bacchetti Peter , Weiser Sheri D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity is a well-established determinant of suboptimal, self-reported antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, but few studies have investigated this association using objective adherence measures. We examined the association of food insecurity with levels of ART concentrations in hair among women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in the United States.

Methods
We analyzed longitudinal data collected semiannually from 2013 through 2015 from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study, a multisite, prospective, cohort study of WLHIV and controls not living with HIV. Our sample comprised 1944 person-visits from 677 WLHIV. Food insecurity was measured using the US Household Food Security Survey Module. ART concentrations in hair, an objective and validated measure of drug adherence and exposure, were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for regimens that included darunavir, atazanavir, raltegravir, or dolutegravir. We conducted multiple 3-level linear regressions that accounted for repeated measures and the ART medication(s) taken at each visit, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

Results
At baseline, 67% of participants were virally suppressed and 35% reported food insecurity. In the base multivariable model, each 3-point increase in food insecurity was associated with 0.94-fold lower ART concentration in hair (95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.99). This effect remained unchanged after adjusting for self-reported adherence.

Conclusions
Food insecurity was associated with lower ART concentrations in hair, suggesting that food insecurity may be associated with suboptimal ART adherence and/or drug absorption. Interventions seeking to improve ART adherence among WLHIV should consider and address the role of food insecurity.
Putting the Dissemination and Implementation in Infectious Diseases
Authors: Burnham Jason P , Geng Elvin , Venkatram Chinmayi , Colditz Graham A , McKay Virginia R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dissemination and implementation science seeks generalizable knowledge about closing the gap between clinical discovery and actual use in routine practice and public health. The field of infectious diseases enjoys an abundance of highly efficacious interventions (eg, antimicrobial agents, human immunodeficiency virus treatment) which are not adequately used in routine care, thereby missing critical opportunities to improve population health. In this article, we summarize salient features of dissemination and implementation science, reviewing definitions and methodologies for infectious diseases clinicians and researchers. We give examples of the limited use of dissemination and implementation science in infectious diseases thus far, suggest opportunities for application, and provide resources for interested readers to use and apply to their own research and practice.
WHDA-FCM: Wolf Hunting-Based Dragonfly With Fuzzy C-Mean Clustering For Change Detection In SAR Images
Authors: Kumar J Thrisul , Reddy Y Mallikarjuna , Rao B Prabhakara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For the past few years, the automated addressing of changes in remote sensing images plays a significant role. However, the change detection (CD) model often suffers from the issue of speckle noise. More investigations have been proceeded to overcome this obstacle. This paper also considers the same issue and proposes a new CD model in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Here, two SAR images that are captivated at different times will be considered as the input of the detection process. At first, discrete wavelet transform is incurred for image fusion, where the coefficients are optimally selected through a hybrid model that hybridizes the gray wolf optimization and dragonfly (DA) optimization. At last, the fused images after inverse transform are clustered via the fuzzy c-mean (FCM) clustering approach, and a similarity measure is performed between the segmented image and the ground truth image. The proposed model, wolf hunting-based DA with FCM, compares its performance over other conventional methods in terms of measures like accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, negative predictive value, F1 score and Matthews correlation coefficient. Similarly, the negative measures are false positive rate, false negative rate and false discovery rate, and the betterment is proven.
Burrowing Richardson’s ground squirrels affect plant seedling assemblages via environmental but not seed bank changes
Authors: Newediuk Levi J , Hare James F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In grassland ecosystems, burrowing mammals create disturbances, providing habitat for animal species and increasing plant community diversity. We investigated whether seedling assemblages on Richardson’s ground squirrel Urocitellus richardsonii mounds result from seed rearrangement or environmental changes that favor germination of certain species over others. To test whether ground squirrels rearrange the seed bank by burrowing, we compared seed compositions among mounds, burrows, and undisturbed soil. To test whether ground squirrels change environmental conditions, we compared soil nitrate and bare ground cover on and off mounds. We also compared seedlings that germinated on mounds with seedlings that germinated on artificial disturbances from which we removed aboveground vegetation. Soil nitrate and bare ground cover were significantly higher on mounds than artificial disturbances. While seed richness and abundance did not differ among mounds, burrows, and undisturbed soil, seedling richness was reduced on mounds relative to artificial disturbances. Burrowing disturbance favors seedlings that can capitalize on bare ground availability but are less able to immobilize nitrate, as opposed to perennial species that immobilize more nitrate but take longer to establish. Our results suggest that Richardson’s ground squirrels act as ecosystem engineers, although future research following succession on ground squirrel mounds is necessary to understand how they influence plant communities past the seedling stage.
A population-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients
Authors: Sturgeon Kathleen M , Deng Lei , Bluethmann Shirley M , Zhou Shouhao , Trifiletti Daniel M , Jiang Changchuan , Kelly Scott P , Zaorsky Nicholas G 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Aims
This observational study characterized cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk for multiple cancer sites, with respect to the following: (i) continuous calendar year, (ii) age at diagnosis, and (iii) follow-up time after diagnosis.

Methods and results
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program was used to compare the US general population to 3 234 256 US cancer survivors (1973–2012). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using coded cause of death from CVDs (heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and aortic aneurysm/dissection). Analyses were adjusted by age, race, and sex. Among 28 cancer types, 1 228 328 patients (38.0%) died from cancer and 365 689 patients (11.3%) died from CVDs. Among CVDs, 76.3% of deaths were due to heart disease. In eight cancer sites, CVD mortality risk surpassed index-cancer mortality risk in at least one calendar year. Cardiovascular disease mortality risk was highest in survivors diagnosed at &lt;35 years of age. Further, CVD mortality risk is highest (SMR 3.93, 95% confidence interval 3.89–3.97) within the first year after cancer diagnosis, and CVD mortality risk remains elevated throughout follow-up compared to the general population.

Conclusion
The majority of deaths from CVD occur in patients diagnosed with breast, prostate, or bladder cancer. We observed that from the point of cancer diagnosis forward into survivorship cancer patients (all sites) are at elevated risk of dying from CVDs compared to the general US population. In endometrial cancer, the first year after diagnosis poses a very high risk of dying from CVDs, supporting early involvement of cardiologists in such patients.
Fertility History and Cognitive Function in Late Life: The Case of Mexico
Authors: Saenz Joseph L , Díaz-Venegas Carlos , Crimmins Eileen M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Mexico is aging rapidly, which makes identification of life-course factors influencing cognition a public health priority. We evaluate how the number of children one has relates to cognition in Mexico, a rapidly aging country that experienced fertility declines across recent cohorts of older people.

Method
We analyze older adults (age 50+, n = 11,380) from the 2015 Mexican Health and Aging Study. Respondents were categorized by number of children ever born (0–1, 2–3, 4–5, 6+). Using ordinary least squares regression, we estimate independent associations between fertility history and cognition accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, health, and psychosocial factors.

Results
We observed an inverse U-shaped relationship between number of children (peaking at 2–3 children) and cognitive function, regardless of gender. In regression analyses adjusted for confounding variables, having 0–1 (vs 2–3 children) was associated with poorer cognitive function only for females. Regardless of gender, having 6+ (vs 2–3 children) was associated with poorer cognitive function. These associations remained significant even after accounting for socioeconomic, health, employment, and psychosocial factors.

Discussion
Our results suggest fertility history may play a role in late-life cognitive health and provide evidence that both low and high fertility may relate to poorer cognitive function. We discuss differences by gender.