bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing the record: Narrative policy analysis and the politics of emissions trading in New Zealand
Authors: Jackson Inderberg Tor Håkon , Bailey Ian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite extensive debate on the influence of discourse on environmental politics, research has yet fully to reveal how discursive processes affect policy change on issues like climate change. Discourse‐related approaches are also often criticised for critiquing current policy situations but paying limited attention to utilising communication studies to enable policy change. This article explores how narrative policy analysis—a linguistic technique for analysing policy issues where uncertainty and complexity have bred polarisation—can be utilised to recast disputes over climate policy in ways that facilitate compromise and policy change. As a focus, we examine disputes surrounding the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, drawing on elite interviews and documentary analysis to analyse contrasting narratives about the scheme's effectiveness in reducing greenhouse‐gas emissions. The first portrays New Zealand as a trade‐exposed country that makes only minor contributions to global emissions to defend cautious and low‐cost policy. Its rival advocates stronger domestic action even if this entails higher costs. Mapping the contentions, assumptions, and characterisations in these narratives, combined with analysis of recent policy developments, reveal important insights on how narrative policy analysis can be used to enhance understandings of policy change, particularly, the difficulties of attacking opponents' “anchoring narratives”; how analysing minor narratives and differences in narrative alliances can assist in overcoming barriers to policy change; how narrative changes and “narrative diplomacy” prepare the ground for policy change; and the importance of examining issues neglected in polarised debates on climate policy.
Numerical simulation of the influence of fuel temperature and injection parameters on biodiesel spray characteristics
Authors: Geng Limin , Wang Yanjuan , Wang Jue , Wei Youtao , Lee Chia‐fon F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of fuel temperature and nozzle length‐diameter ratio (L/D) on biodiesel spray characteristics, under high injection pressure and high ambient pressure, by numerical method. The analysis of spray characteristics is carried out in conjunction with the transient flow inside nozzle. To achieve this, three‐dimensional calculation grids of spray nozzle and spray domain were setup, and the needle movement was achieved by dynamic mesh technique. The reliability of spray models was validated by experimental results. It was established that the variation in spray tip penetration (STP) and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) is similar at different initial conditions. The STP increases at a faster rate initially and then slows down, whereas the SMD gradually decreases with time after the injection. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the effects of injection parameters on biodiesel spray characteristics was conducted. Compared to the nozzle L/D, injection pressure and fuel temperature have a greater impact on biodiesel spray characteristics. The increase in injection pressure has a significant effect on the velocity distribution, STP and SMD. When the injection pressure is increased from 100 to 200 MPa, the maximum velocity of the spray core zone increases by 33.96%, the STP increases by 27.17%, and the SMD reduces by 14.81%. Furthermore, an increase in fuel temperature mainly affects the concentration distribution and the SMD of atomized droplets. When the fuel temperature is increased from 300 to 350 K, the maximum concentration of axial spray center lowers by 25.41%, and the SMD decreases by 17.19%. However, the increase of L/D chiefly impacts the concentration of axial spray center, but has little effect on other spray parameters. When the nozzle L/D is increased from 4 to 8, the maximum concentration of axial spray center increases by 20.29%.
Analysis of fractures of a hard rock specimen via unloading of central hole with different sectional shapes
Authors: Feng Fan , Chen Shaojie , Li Diyuan , Hu Songtao , Huang Wanpeng , Li Bo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHard rock failure and rockburst hazards under high in situ stresses have been the subject of deep rock mechanics and engineering. Previous investigations employed cubic rock specimens with a central hole for simulation of rock fracturing around deep tunnels at a laboratory scale, while the failure characteristics and crack evolution behavior around different shapes of holes induced by excavation unloading response have been barely considered. A commercially combined finite‐discrete element method (combined FEM/DEM) was used to investigate the failure characteristics and crack propagation process of typical hard rock specimens (marble) via the unloading of central hole with different shapes. Rock heterogeneity was also considered in the model in combination with the engineering reality. The combined FEM/DEM approach was first validated by simulating uniaxial compression and Brazilian tests. Then, the parametrical analysis was conducted in detail on the basis of five different sectional shapes of central holes, including a circle, ellipse, U‐shape, trapezoid, and cube, and two lateral pressure coefficients. Analysis of crack propagation paths, released strain energy, displacement, and average velocity distribution of the monitoring points around the central hole suggests that the failure degree and destruction intensity are strongly related to the sectional shape and lateral pressure coefficients. Hard and brittle rock failure induced by the excavation unloading effect can be classified as stable failure (slabbing failure) and unstable failure (strain rockburst). The cubic, trapezoidal, and U‐shaped holes within the specimen are the most likely to induce unstable failure, while stable failure is the dominant failure pattern around circular and elliptical holes. The lateral pressure coefficient λ was also found to affect failure position and intensity (only for the axisymmetric section) around the central hole. The influence of rock heterogeneity on failure intensity and range around the central hole within the specimen was also discussed. This study emphasizes the importance and necessity of the excavation unloading effect when evaluating surrounding rock failure around deep tunnels.
Quantifying the effect of geomorphology on aeolian dust emission potential in northern China
Authors: Cui Mengchun , Lu Huayu , Wiggs Giles F.S. , Etyemezian Vicken , Sweeney Mark R. , Xu Zhiwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRepresentation of dust sources remains a key challenge in quantifying the dust cycle and its environmental and climatic impacts. Direct measurements of dust fluxes from different landform types are useful in understanding the nature of dust emission and characterizing the dynamics of soil erodibility. In this study we used the PI‐SWERL® instrument over a seasonal cycle to quantify the potential for PM10 (particles with diameter ≤10 μm) emission from several typical landform types across the Tengger Desert and Mu Us Sandy Land, northern China. Our results indicate that sparse grasslands and coppice dunes showed relatively high emission potentials, with emitted fluxes ranging from 10−1 to 101 mg m−2 s−1. These values were up to five times those emitted from sand dunes, and one to two orders of magnitude greater than the emissions from dry lake beds, stone pavements and dense grasslands. Generally, PM10 emission fluxes were seen to peak in the spring months, with significant reductions in summer and autumn (by up to 95%), and in winter (by up to 98%). Variations in soil moisture were likely a primary controlling factor responsible for this seasonality in PM10 emission. Our data provide a relative quantification of differences in dust emission potential from several key landform types. Such data allow for the evaluation of current dust source schemes proposed by prior researchers. Moreover, our data will allow improvements in properly characterizing the erodibility of dust source regions and hence refine the parameterization of dust emission in climate models. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality evaluation of surimi and fish nuggets from Queen fish (Scomberoides commersonnianus)
Authors: Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh , Asgari Foroogh , Oliyaei Najme 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was formulation and evaluation of physicochemical properties of fish and surimi nuggets prepared from Queen fish (Scomberiodes commersonnianus) during 90 days of storage. Chemical analysis showed that surimi nuggets contained less protein, fat, and ash due to washing steps during surimi preparation. The titratable acidity, peroxide, and TBA values for fish nuggets were significantly higher than surimi nuggets during frozen storage (p < .05). Moreover, the textural properties of the products exhibited more firmness of surimi nuggets before cooking compared with fish nuggets (p < .05) and more firmness of fish nuggets after cooking compared with surimi one (p < .05). Furthermore, surimi nuggets were lighter and had lower total bacterial counts rather than fish nuggets during frozen storage (p < .05). SDS‐PAGE of the samples during storage exhibited more intensity of the bands related to α‐actinin, actin, and β‐tropomyosin in surimi nuggets compared with that for fish nuggets. Moreover, the sensory evaluation showed that acceptability of surimi nuggets was more than that for fish nuggets after frozen storage. These results showed that surimi nuggets had higher quality indicators rather than fish nuggets.
Cognitive resilience among APOE ε4 carriers in the oldest old
Authors: Hayden Kathleen M. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Hunter Jaimie C. , Manson JoAnn E. , Sachs Bonnie C. , Shadyab Aladdin H. , Tindle Hilary A. , Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , Mozhui Khyobeni , Snively Beverly M. , Rapp Stephen R. , Resnick Susan M. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesRelatively few APOE ε4+ carriers survive to old age (age 80+) without cognitive impairment (CI); thus, little is known about distinguishing characteristics of resilient APOE ε4+ carriers. Herein, we describe the sociodemographic characteristics of a large sample of resilient APOE ε4+ women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) and compare them to noncarriers and APOE ε4+ women who developed CI before age 80.MethodsWomen were recruited for clinical trials evaluating postmenopausal hormone therapy and incidence of dementia. During posttrial follow‐up, cognitive status was adjudicated annually. Among 5716 women, we compared groups by APOE ε4 status using logistic regression, covarying for treatment, demographics, lifestyle, cardiovascular and physical function, well‐being, and self‐rated general health.ResultsAmong 557 APOE ε4+ women, those who survived to age 80+ without CI had higher baseline self‐rated general health (odds ratio [OR]: 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.04) and cognitive scores (OR: 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.25) than those who did not reach age 80 without CI. Baseline high total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were similar across APOE ε4+ groups but were higher compared with APOE ε4− women. Among women who survived to 80+ without CI, more APOE ε4+ women had a history of high total cholesterol (P = .003) and LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00‐1.01). There were no differences in hypertension, diabetes, or other vascular risk factors in APOE ε4+ women compared with noncarriers.ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of baseline cognitive function and general health for late‐life cognition among ε4+ women.
Social network types and cognitive decline among older Korean adults: A longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Kim Young Bum , Lee Seung Hee 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesSocial network (SN) has been known to impact on cognitive function in late life. However, knowledge regarding the link between SN of various types and cognitive decline (CD) is limited. This study's aim was to investigate which types of SN are associated with reduced risk of CD 2 years later among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsSecondary analysis of data from 1960 cognitively intact adults 65 years of age or older who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) was employed. K‐means cluster analysis was conducted to derive SN types using seven common SN characteristics (marital status, living with children, number of children, frequency of contact with children, frequency of contact with friends, frequency of participation in religious activities, and frequency of participation in social groups). Multivariable linear regression analysis regarding the effects of SN type on CD between 2012 and 2014 was conducted, controlling for covariates.ResultsK‐means cluster analyses identified a model with five types of SN as being most optimal, and they were named diverse/couple, diverse/family, congregant, restricted/married, and widowed. The average CD 2 years later was most pronounced in those in the widowed network. Compared with the widowed, older adults in the diverse/couple network and the congregant network at baseline had a lower risk of CD 2 years after initial assessment.ConclusionsFindings show that older Korean adults embedded in widowed network types are at risk for CD and suggest the importance of having a spouse and religious group activities in maintaining cognitive function in later life.
Metabolomic profiling of blood plasma in patients with primary brain tumours: Basal plasma metabolites correlated with tumour grade and plasma biomarker analysis predicts feasibility of the successful statistical discrimination from healthy subjects – a preliminary study
Authors: Baranovičová Eva , Galanda Tomáš , Galanda Miroslav , Hatok Jozef , Kolarovszki Branislav , Richterová Romana , Račay Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe brain tumours represent a complex tissue that has its own characteristic metabolic features and is interfaced with the whole organism. We investigated changes in basal blood plasma metabolites in the presence of primary brain tumour, their correlation with tumour grade, as well as the feasibility of statistical discrimination based on plasma metabolites. Together 60 plasma samples from patients with clinically defined glioblastoma, meningioma, oligodendrioglioma, astrocytoma, and non‐specific glial tumour and plasma samples from 28 healthy volunteers without any cancer history were measured by NMR spectroscopy. In blood plasma of primary brain tumour patients, we found significantly increased levels of glycolytic metabolites glucose and pyruvate, and significantly decreased level of glutamine and also metabolites participating in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, citrate and succinate, when compared with controls. Further, plasma metabolites levels: tyrosine, phenylalanine, glucose, creatine and creatinine correlated significantly with tumour grade. In general, observed changes are parallel to the biochemistry expected for tumourous tissue and metabolic changes in plasma seem to follow the similar rules in all primary brain tumours, with very subtle variations among tumour types. Only two plasma metabolites tyrosine and phenylalanine were increased exclusively in blood plasma of patients with glioblastoma. Based on metabolite levels, an excellent discrimination between plasma from patient's tumours and controls was attainable. The metabolites creatine, pyruvate, glucose, formate, creatinine and citrate were of the highest discriminatory power.
Serous IFNA3 predicts unfavorable prognosis in lung cancer via abnormal activation of AKT signaling
Authors: Ge Quanxu , Cong Peixia , Ji Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study addresses the demand through datamining The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and elucidates mechanistic involvements of interferon alpha 8 (IFNA8) in lung cancer. The overall survival and disease‐free survival of lung cancer patients in respect to IFNA8 expression level were analyzed. IFNA8 expression levels in both serum and tumor tissue were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic value of serous IFNA8 in lung cancer was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Cell Counting Kit‐8 assays. in vivo pro‐tumor effect of IFNA8 was evaluated using xenograft tumor model. The metastasis‐prone behaviors were determined by Transwell chamber assay and tail vein‐injection in mice. Protein levels of p‐AKT, total AKT, and endogenous reference actin were analyzed by western blot. We uncovered high IFNA8 associated with unfavorable overall survival and disease‐free survival in lung cancer patients from TCGA. We further characterized the aberrant over‐expression of IFNA8 in both peripheral blood and solid tumor from our clinical patient panel, and ROC analysis suggested its potential diagnostic value. Ectopic over‐expression of IFNA8 promoted viability and proliferation in both A549 and H1299 cells in vitro and accelerated xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, IFNA8 facilitated migration, invasion, and metastasis of A549 cells in vivo. Mechanistically, we disclosed the over‐activation of AKT signaling in IFNA8‐proficient A549 cells, inhibition of which completely abolished the pro‐tumor effects of IFNA8. We have identified IFNA8 as a novel biomarker for either diagnostic or prognostic purpose in lung cancer, which is mechanistically associated with abnormal activation of AKT signaling.
Clinical Performance of the Updated Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Algorithm, Which Accounts for the Soft Tissue Thickness: The OsteoLaus Study
Authors: Shevroja Enisa , Aubry-Rozier Bérengère , Hans Gabriel , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Elena , Stoll Delphine , Lamy Olivier , Hans Didier 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Regional soft tissue may have a noise effect on trabecular bone score (TBS) and eventually alter its estimate. The current TBS software (TBS iNsight®) is based on an algorithm accounting for body mass index (BMI) (TBSv3.03). We aimed to explore the updated TBS algorithm that accounts for soft tissue thickness (TBSv4.0). This study was embedded in the OsteoLaus cohort of women in Lausanne, Switzerland. Hip and lumbar spine (LS) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were performed using Discovery A System (Hologic). The incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs) were assessed from vertebral fracture assessments using Genant's method (vertebral MOF) or questionnaires (nonvertebral MOF). We assessed the correlations of bone mineral density (BMD) or TBS with body composition parameters; MOF prediction ability of both versions of TBS; and the differences between Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) adjusted for TBSv3.03 or TBSv4.0. In total, 1362 women with mean ± SD age 64.4 ± 7.5 years and mean ± SD BMI 25.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2 were followed for 4.4 years and 132 experienced an MOF. All the anthropometric measurements of our interest were positively correlated with LS, femoral neck, or hip BMD and TBSv4.0; whereas with TBSv3.03 their correlations were negative. In the models adjusted for age, soft tissue thickness, osteoporotic treatment, and LS-BMD, for each SD decline in TBSv3.03, there was a 43% (OR 1.43; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.83) increase in the odds of having MOF; whereas for each SD decline in TBSv4.0, there was a 54% (OR 1.54; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.00) increase in the odds of having an MOF. Both FRAXs were very strongly correlated and the mild differences were present in the already high-risk women for MOF. This study shows that TBSv4.0 overcomes the debatable residual negative correlation of the current TBS with body size and composition parameters, postulating itself as free from the previously acknowledged technical limitation of TBS. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A density functional theory‐time‐dependent density functional theory investigation of photo‐induced hydrogen bond and proton transfer for 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐6‐carboxylicacid
Authors: Wang Lifei , Wang Yan , Zhao Juan , Sun Haibo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiven the paramount importance of excited‐state relaxation in the photochemical process, excited‐state hydrogen bonding interactions and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are always hot topics. In this work, we theoretically explore the excited‐state dynamical behaviors for a novel 2‐(3,5‐dichloro‐2,6‐dihydroxy‐phenyl)‐benzoxazole‐6‐carboxylicacid (DDPBC) system. As two intramolecular hydrogen bonds (O1H2⋯N3 and O4H5⋯O6) exist in the DDPBC structure, we first check if the double proton transfer form cannot be formed in the S1 state. Then, we explore the changes of geometrical parameters involved in hydrogen bonds, based on which we confirm that the dual intramolecular hydrogen bonds are strengthened on photo‐excitation. The O1H2⋯N3 hydrogen bond particularly plays a more important role in excited state. When it comes to the photo‐induced excitation, we find charge transfer and electronic density redistribution around O1H2 and N3 atom moieties. We verify the ESIPT tendency arising from the O1H2⋯N3 hydrogen bond. In the analysis of the potential energy curves, along with O1H2⋯N3 and O4H5⋯O6, we demonstrate that the ESIPT reaction should occur along with O1H2⋯N3 rather than O4H5⋯O6. This work not only clarifies the specific ESIPT mechanism for DDPBC system but also paves the way for further novel applications based on DDPBC structure in the future.
ACR TI‐RADS: An advance in the management of thyroid nodules or Pandora's box of surveillance?
Authors: Fradin Joel M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerous sets of guidelines have been proposed regarding ultrasound of thyroid nodules. None has been universally accepted. American College of Radiology‐Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (ACR‐TIRADS) has been promoted as an improvement to existing guidelines such as the 2015 revised American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. This commentary compares and contrasts these two guidelines. Adoption of TI‐RADS is likely to result in large‐scale, costly surveillance without clear benefit. Replacement of 2015 revised ATA guidelines by TI‐RADS is not justified. The shortcomings that exist in the ATA guidelines can be addressed as described in this commentary.
Fractional DP‐colorings of sparse graphs
Authors: Bernshteyn Anton , Kostochka Alexandr , Zhu Xuding 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDP‐coloring (also known as correspondence coloring) is a generalization of list coloring developed recently by Dvořák and Postle [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 129 (2018), pp. 38–54]. In this paper we introduce and study the fractional DP‐chromatic number . We characterize all connected graphs such that : they are precisely the graphs with no odd cycles and at most one even cycle. By a theorem of Alon, Tuza, and Voigt [Discrete Math. 165–166 (1997), pp. 31–38], the fractional list‐chromatic number of any graph equals its fractional chromatic number . This equality does not extend to fractional DP‐colorings. Moreover, we show that the difference can be arbitrarily large, and, furthermore, for every graph of maximum average degree . On the other hand, we show that this asymptotic lower bound is tight for a large class of graphs that includes all bipartite graphs as well as many graphs of high girth and high chromatic number.