bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjunctival Autograft Combined With Either Preoperative Mitomycin C Injection or Intraoperative Local Mitomycin C Over the Medial Rectus Muscle Tendon in Primary Pterygium Surgery
Authors: Lotfy Ayman , Gad Ahmed A. M. , Abdelrahman Ayman , Samir Ahmed , Abdulhalim Bahaa-Eldin Hasan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the recurrence rate and complications of conjunctival autograft (CAG) combined with preoperative mitomycin C (MMC) injection versus CAG with intraoperative local MMC over the medial rectus muscle tendon in primary pterygium.

Study Design:
Randomized prospective study.

Methods:
This study included 108 eyes of 108 patients with primary fleshy or growing pterygium. All patients were from rural areas and less than 50 years old. Fifty-three patients were treated with injection of 0.1 mL of 0.15 mg/mL MMC into the body of pterygium followed 1 day later by pterygium excision and CAG (group I), and 55 patients were treated with pterygium excision and local application of 0.2 mg/mL MMC for 2 min over the medial rectus tendon followed by CAG (group II). The minimum follow-up period was 18 months.

Results:
Two patients from group I and one patient from group II did not complete the follow-up period and were excluded. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding age, sex, laterality, or follow-up period. Recurrence occurred in 2 eyes in group I (3.92%) and 1 eye in group II (1.85%); (P=0.52). All recurrences occurred in male patients of less than 30 years of age. No significant complications were encountered in both groups.

Conclusions:
Both preoperative MMC injection followed 1 day later by pterygium excision with CAG, and pterygium excision and intraoperative local application of MMC on the medial rectus tendon are successful in treating primary pterygium with low recurrence rate and few complications.
High-Grade Conventional Osteosarcoma of the Mandible Associated With P53 Germline Mutation
Authors: Ginat Daniel , Schulte Jefree , Gooi Zhen , Cipriani Nicole 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
High-grade conventional osteosarcoma of the mandible is a rare entity that can manifest as a rapidly growing mass. The authors report the case of a young adult patient with right mandible pain and swelling and a history of humeral osteosarcoma treated over 1 decade earlier. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass arising from the right mandible that progressed despite induction chemotherapy and the patient underwent surgery. Histopathology revealed the presence of malignant osteoblasts and osteoid, which led to the diagnosis of high-grade conventional osteosarcoma. There were also regional lymph node metastases. Genetic testing revealed a p53 germline mutation. The presence of mandibular osteosarcoma in a young patient should raise the suspicion of an underlying p53 germline mutation. Ultimately, the recurrent tumor regressed with Etoposide and Ifosfamide.
Modification of wheat gluten for improvement of binding capacity with keratin in hair
Authors: Wang Shukun , Meng Danyang , Wang Sisi , Zhang Zhong , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2018

In this study, enzymatic hydrolysis and cationization with epoxypropyldodecyldimethylammonium chloride of wheat protein, an economic protein complex containing great amount of disulfide bonds, were conducted to improve properties such as solubility and disassociation behaviour for recovery of damaged hair when used in shampoo. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were pH 8.2, 55°C with Alcalase for 60 min. After the selected hydrolysis, the degree of hydrolysis, nitrogen solubility index, foaming capacity index, foam stability index, emulsifying activity index and emulsion stability index of hydrolysate with 58.71% of short-chain peptides (less than 1000 Da) were 8.81%, 39.07%, 225%, 56.67%, 9.62 m
2
g
−1
and 49.08, respectively. The cationization was followed to raise the isoelectric point of wheat protein hydrolysate from 7.0 to 10.0, which could facilitate the quaternized protein hydrolysate to adhere to the surface of hair at the range of pH 5–6 of hair care products to form more disulfide bonds. The results show that a shampoo with quaternized wheat proteins hydrolysate possesses excellent properties in recovering damaged hair, making the surface of hair smooth and compact.
Physiological motion of the carotid atherosclerotic plaque quantified using ultrasound B-Mode image analysis
Authors: Kanber Baris , Hartshorne Timothy C. , Garrard James W. , Naylor A. Ross , Robinson Thompson G. , Ramnarine Kumar V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPhysical motion throughout the cardiac cycle may contribute to the rupture of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque, resulting in ischaemic stroke. The purpose of this study was to quantify the physiological motion of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque and to investigate any relationship between the quantified motion parameters and the degree of stenosis, greyscale plaque characteristics, and the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms.MethodsDisplacement, velocity and acceleration of 81 plaques (51% symptomatic, stenosis range 10%-95%) from 51 patients were measured using an automated system employing a block matching algorithm relative to the ultrasound probe and relative to the periadventitial tissues, over a mean duration of 5 cardiac cycles.ResultsAveraged across all plaques, the displacement amplitude was 1.2 mm relative to the probe, and 0.35 mm relative to the periadventitial tissues. Maximum and mean plaque velocities were 4.7 and 1.3 mm/s relative to the ultrasound probe, and 2.4 and 0.70 mm/s relative to the periadventitial tissues. The corresponding acceleration magnitudes were 69 and 22 mm/s2 relative to the probe, and 57 and 18 mm/s2 relative to the periadventitial tissues. There were no significant differences in any of the motion parameters, with respect to the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms, and none of the parameters showed a statistically significant relationship to the degree of stenosis, and the greyscale plaque characteristics (p≤0.05). The technique used was able to detect plaque motion amplitudes above 50μm.ConclusionsThis study provides quantitative data on the physiological motion of the atherosclerotic carotid plaque in-vivo. No significant relationship was found between the measured motion parameters and the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms, the degree of stenosis, and the greyscale plaque characteristics.
Ultrastructure of viruliferous Javesella pellucida transmitting Festuca leaf streak virus (genus Cytorhabdovirus)
Authors: Lundsgaard Thorben 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe ultrastructure of cells in the head and thorax from viruliferous Javesella pellucida transmitting Festuca leaf streak virus was studied. Aggregates of nonenveloped nucleocapsid particles were observed at the periphery of viroplasms located in cytoplasm of salivary gland cells, fat cells, and nerve cell bodies. Aggregates of nucleocapsid particles, not associated with viroplasms, were seen within a distance of about 1 μm from the basal lamina of salivary glands. Enveloped virions, singly or aggregated, were observed in nerve cell axons and/or dendrites.
Investigation of Gluthatione S-Transferase Variants in a Healht Population in Goiânia-Go
Authors: Pereira Lucas Carlos Gomes , Bérgamo Nádia Aparecida , da Silva Reis Angela Adamski , Anunciação Carlos Eduardo , de Paula Silveira-Lacerda Elisangela 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes might influence the detoxification activities of the enzymes predisposing individuals to a lot of disiases. Owing to the presence of these genetic variants, inter-individual and ethnic differences in GSTs detoxification capacity have been observed in various populations. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalenceGSTM1*0/*0, GSTT1*0/*0andGSTP1Ile105Val polymorphisms in 100 healthy individuals from Goiânia - GO.GSTM1andGSTT1polymorphisms were analyzed by a Multiplex-PCR approach, whereasGSTP1polymorphisms were examined by PCR-RFLP. The frequencies ofGSTM1andGSTT1 *0/*0genotypes are 49% and 31%, respectively. The frequencies ofGSTP1Ile/Ile, Ile/Val, and Val/Val genotypes were 40%, 53%, and 7%, respectively. The wild-type (Ile) and variant (Val) allele frequencies were 66.5% and 33.5%, respectively. The combined genotypes distribution ofGSTM1, GSTT1andGSTP1polymorphisms showed 12 possible genotypes present in our population; seven of them have a frequency greater than 5%. The effect of combined genotypes of theseGSTspolymorphisms is still unknown. These findings in healthy population, give us such more information for the future epidemiological and clinical studies. Using to examine the effect of these combinations in drugs metabolism and cancer predisposition, further largest group would be needed, since their frequencies are quite low. To our ofGSTspolymorfisms, this is the first study indicating the frequencies of genetic polimorphisms of GST superfamily in a health population in a Goiania population.
De novo acetate production is coupled to central carbon metabolism in mammals
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Cooper Daniel E. , Cluntun Ahmad A. , Warmoes Marc O. , Zhao Steven , Reid Michael A. , Liu Juan , Wellen Kathryn E. , Kirsch David G. , Locasale Jason W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn cases of nutritional excess, there is incomplete catabolism of a nutritional source and secretion of a waste product (overflow metabolism), such as the conversion of glucose to lactate (the Warburg Effect) in tumors. Here we report that excess glucose metabolism generates acetate, a key nutrient whose source has been unclear. Conversion of pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, to acetate occurs through two mechanisms: 1) coupling to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and 2) a neomorphic enzyme activity from keto acid dehydrogenases that enable it to function as a pyruvate decarboxylase. Furthermore, we demonstrate that glucose-derived acetate is sufficient to maintain acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) pools and cell proliferation in certain limited metabolic environments such as during mitochondrial dysfunction or ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) deficiency. Thus, de novo acetate production is coupled to the activity of central carbon metabolism providing possible regulatory mechanisms and links to pathophysiology.
The interplay of immune components and ECM in oral cancer
Authors: Kwak Yigang , Alsaihati Burair , Zhang Chi , Xu Ying , Cao Sha 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report that in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a vitally important role in defining the characteristics of cancer vs. normal, as it is a compartment with significant enrichment of known OSCC biomarkers, and the number of genes constituting ECM are more prominently upregulated in OSCC than almost all the rest of the cancer types. This is probably due to the constant exposure of oral cavity to external stimuli, resulting in the ECM remodeling, which further is a key player in tumor invasion. While we showed ECM molecules alone could well distinguish oral cancer from normal tissue samples, a significant portion of these predictive ECM molecules, share the same transcriptional regulator, NFKB1, a master regulator of immune response. We further studied the level of involvement of the immune system in OSCC, and found that the immune composition in OSCC is distinctly different from the other cancer types. OSCC has a higher level of infiltration of adaptive immune cells, including B cell, T cell and neutrophil, compared with other cancer types, while a lower level of infiltration of innate immune, including macrophage and monocyte. Previous studies have revealed the roles of ECM and immune system in OSCC development, and our study showed that ECM plays a very prominent role in OSCC, subject to the complex microenvironment in oral cavity, particularly the immune system profile, and our association analysis revealed it is likely the interactions between ECM and immune cells that define the highly invasive property of OSCC.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of river viruses, bacteria and microeukaryotes
Authors: Rossum Thea Van , Uyaguari-Diaz Miguel I. , Vlok Marli , Peabody Michael A. , Tian Alvin , Cronin Kirby I. , Chan Michael , Croxen Matthew A. , Hsiao William W.L. , Isaac-Renton Judith , Tang Patrick K.C. , Prystajecky Natalie A. , Suttle Curtis A. , Brinkman Fiona S.L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFreshwater is an essential resource of increasing value, as clean water sources diminish. Microorganisms in rivers, a major source of renewable freshwater, are significant due to their role in drinking water safety, signalling environmental contamination1, and driving global nutrient cycles2,3. However, a foundational understanding of microbial communities in rivers is lacking4, especially temporally and for viruses5‒7. No studies to date have examined the composition of the free-floating river virome over time, and explanations of the underlying causes of spatial and temporal changes in riverine microbial composition, especially for viruses, remain unexplored. Here, we report relationships among riverine microbial communities and their environment across time, space, and superkingdoms (viruses, bacteria, and microeukaryotes), using metagenomics and marker-based microbiome analysis methods. We found that many superkingdom pairs were synchronous and had consistent shifts with sudden environmental change. However, synchrony strength, and relationships with environmental conditions, varied across space and superkingdoms. Variable relationships were observed with seasonal indicators and chemical conditions previously found to be predictive of bacterial community composition4,8‒10, emphasizing the complexity of riverine ecosystems and raising questions around the generalisability of single-site and bacteria-only studies. In this first study of riverine viromes over time, DNA viral communities were stably distinct between sites, suggesting the similarity in riverine bacteria across significant geographic distances10‒12does not extend to viruses, and synchrony was surprisingly observed between DNA and RNA viromes. This work provides foundational data for riverine microbial dynamics in the context of environmental and chemical conditions and illustrates how a bacteria-only or single-site approach would lead to an incorrect description of microbial dynamics. We show how more holistic microbial community analysis, including viruses, is necessary to gain a more accurate and deeper understanding of microbial community dynamics.
The N-terminus of Sec61p plays key roles in ER protein import and ERAD
Authors: Elia Francesco , Tretter Thomas , Römisch Karin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSec61p is the channel-forming subunit of the heterotrimeric Sec61 complex that mediates co-translational protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In yeast, proteins can also be post-translationally translocated by the hetero-heptameric Sec complex, composed of the Sec61 and the Sec63 complexes. The Sec61 channel is also a candidate for the dislocation channel for misfolded proteins from the ER to the cytosol during ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The structure of the Sec61 complex is highly conserved, but the roles of its N-terminal acetylation and its amphipathic N-terminal helix are unknown so far. To gain insight into the function of the Sec61p N-terminus, we mutated its N-acetylation site, deleted its amphipathic helix, or both the helix and the N-acetylation site. Mutation of the N-acetylation site on its own had no effect on protein import into the ER in intact cells, but resulted in an ERAD defect. Yeast expressing sec61 without the N-terminal amphipathic helix displayed severe growth defects and had profound defects in post-translational protein import into the ER. Nevertheless the formation of the hetero-heptameric Sec complex was not affected. Instead, the lack of the N-terminal amphipathic helix compromised the integrity of the heterotrimeric Sec61 complex. We conclude that the N-terminal helix of Sec61p is required for post-translational protein import into the ER and Sec61 complex stability, whereas N-terminal acetylation of Sec61p plays a role in ERAD.
Enhanced translation expands the endo-lysosome size and promotes antigen presentation during phagocyte activation
Authors: Hipolito Victoria E. B. , Diaz Jacqueline A. , Tandoc Kristofferson V. , Oertlin Christian , Ristau Johannes , Chauhan Neha , Saric Amra , Mclaughlan Shannon , Larsson Ola , Topisirovic Ivan , Botelho Roberto J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms that govern organelle adaptation and remodeling remain poorly defined. The endo-lysosomal system degrades cargo from various routes including endocytosis, phagocytosis and autophagy. For phagocytes, endosomes and lysosomes (endo-lysosomes) are kingpin organelles since they are essential to kill pathogens and process and present antigens. During phagocyte activation, endo-lysosomes undergo a morphological transformation, going from a collection of dozens of globular structures to a tubular network in a process that requires the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Here, we show that the endo-lysosomal system undergoes an expansion in volume and holding capacity during phagocyte activation within 2 h of LPS stimulation. Endo-lysosomal expansion was paralleled by an increase in lysosomal protein levels, but this was unexpectedly largely independent of TFEB and TFE3 transcription factors, known to scale up lysosome biogenesis. Instead, we demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated mechanism of acute organelle expansion via mTORC1-dependent increase in translation, which appears to be mediated by both, S6Ks and 4E-BPs. Moreover, we show that stimulation of RAW cells with LPS alters translation of a subset but not all of mRNAs encoding endo-lysosomal proteins, thereby suggesting that endo-lysosome expansion is accompanied by functional remodelling. Importantly, mTORC1-dependent increase in translation activity was necessary for efficient and rapid antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Collectively, we identified a previously unknown and functionally relevant mechanism for endo-lysosome expansion that relies on mTORC1-dependent translation to stimulate endo-lysosome biogenesis in response to an infection signal.
Cognition and behaviour in learning difficulties and ADHD: A dimensional approach
Authors: Gathercole Susan E. , Astle Duncan A. , Manly Tom ,   the CALM Team, Holmes Joni 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundAcademic underachievement often accompanies the symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/ impulsivity associated with ADHD. The aim of the present study is to establish whether learning difficulties have the same cognitive origins in this comorbid condition as in children who do not have ADHD.MethodsParticipants were 163 school-aged children with learning difficulties. Over a third also had a diagnosis of ADHD. Cognition, behaviour and learning attainments were assessed.ResultsThe sample was distinguished by three cognitive and three behavioural dimensions. Learning was equivalently related to cognitive dimensions for children with and without ADHD. A diagnosis of ADHD was associated only with elevated levels of ADHD symptoms and problems with emotional control.ConclusionsDistinct dimensions underpin academic learning and the control of impulsive and emotional behaviour impaired in ADHD. Phonological deficits are associated with learning problems in literacy and maths, and impairments in nonverbal and executive abilities with mathematical learning difficulties. The comorbid condition of ADHD combined with learning difficulties reflects independent deficits in the cognitive dimensions critical for learning and in the control of impulsive and emotional behaviour.
A transcript-wide association study in physical activity intervention implicates molecular pathways in chronic disease
Authors: Claypool Kajal , Patel Chirag J 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity is associated with decreased risk for several chronic and acute conditions including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, mental health and aging. However, the biological mechanisms associated with this decreased risk are elusive. One way to ascertain biological changes influenced by physical activity is by monitoring changes in how genes are expressed. In this investigation, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study of physical activity, meta-analyzing 20 independent studies to increase power for discovery of genes expressed before and after physical activity. Further, we hypothesize that genes identified in physical activity are expressed in obesity, inflammation, major depressive disorder and healthy aging.ResultsOur analysis identified thirty (30) transcripts induced by physical activity (PA signature), at an FDR < 0.05. Twenty (20) of these transcripts, including COL4A3, CAMKD1, SLC4A5, EPS15L1, RBM33, and CACNG1, are up-regulated and ten (10) transcripts including CRY1, ZNF346, SDF4, ANXA1 and YWHAZ are down-regulated. We find that several of these physical activity transcripts are associated and biologically concordant in direction with body mass index, white blood cell count, and healthy aging.Conclusionspowerful approach, we found thirty genes that were putatively influenced by physical activity, eight of which are inversely associated with body mass index, thirteen inversely associated with white blood cell count, and three associated and concordant with healthy aging. One gene was significant and concordant with major depressive disorder. These results highlight the potential molecular basis for the protective benefit of physical activity for a broad set of chronic conditions.
Reprogramming protein abundance fluctuations in single cells by degradation
Authors: Matalon O , Steinberg A , Sass E , Hausser J , Levy ED 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIsogenic cells living in the same environment show a natural heterogeneity associated with fluctuations in gene expression. When these fluctuations propagate through cellular regulatory networks, they can give rise to noise regulons, whereby multiple genes fluctuate in a coordinated fashion in single cells. The propagation of these fluctuations has been extensively characterized at the transcriptional level. For example, variations in transcription factor concentration induce correlated fluctuations in the abundance of target gene products. Here, we find that such noise regulons can also stem from protein degradation. We expressed pairs of yellow and red fluorescent proteins, subjected them to differential translation or degradation, and analyzed their fluctuations in single cells. While differential translation had little impact on fluctuations, protein degradation was found to be a dominant contributor. A mathematical model to decompose fluctuations arising from multiple sources of regulation revealed that cells with higher protein production capacity also exhibited higher protein degradation capacity. This association uncouples fluctuations in protein abundance from fluctuations in production rate, and can generate orthogonal noise regulons even for proteins relying on the same transcriptional program.