bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering molecular properties of hypermutated gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Hu Wangxiong , Yang Yanmei , Ge Weiting , Zheng Shu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGreat mutational heterogeneity is observed both across cancer types (>1000‐fold) and within a given cancer type, with a fraction harboring >10 mutations per million bases, thus termed hypermutation. We determined the genome‐wide effects of high mutation load on the transcriptome and methylome of two cancer types; namely, colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Briefly, hierarchical clustering of the expression and methylation profiles showed that the majority of CRC and STAD hypermutated samples were mixed and separated from their respective non‐hypermutated samples, exceeding the boundary of tissue specificity. Further in‐detailed exploration uncovered that the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to the perturbation of chromatin remodeling genes.
Protein Intake and Disability Trajectories in Very Old Adults: The Newcastle 85+ Study
Authors: Mendonça Nuno , Granic Antoneta , Hill Tom R. , Siervo Mario , Mathers John C. , Kingston Andrew , Jagger Carol 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether protein intake is associated with better disability trajectories in the oldest adults (≥85) and whether muscle mass and muscle strength would partially mediate this.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNewcastle‐upon‐Tyne and North Tyneside, United Kingdom.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults aged 85 at baseline (N=722).MethodsProtein intake was estimated using two 24‐hour multiple‐pass recalls at baseline. Disability was measured as difficulty performing 17 activities of daily living at baseline and 18, 36, and 60 months. Trajectories were derived using mortality‐adjusted group‐based trajectory modelling. The effect of protein intake (g/kg of adjusted body weight (aBW)/d) on disability trajectories was examined using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsParticipants had 4 distinct disability trajectories (between the ages of 85 and 90: constant very low (AT1), mild (AT2), moderate (AT3), and severe (AT4). Each unit increase in protein (g) per kg of aBW/d was associated with greater odds of AT1 (odds ratio (OR=7.97, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.96–32.43, p = .004) and AT2 (OR=3.28, 95% CI=1.09–9.87, p = .03) than of AT4 over 5 years in models adjusted for selected covariates. Participants with protein intake of 1.0 g/kg aBW/d or more were more likely to belong to AT1 (OR=3.65, 95% CI=1.59–8.38, p = .009) and AT2 (OR=2.12, 95% CI=1.16–3.90, p = .01) than to AT4.ConclusionHigher protein intake, especially 1.0 g/kg aBW/d or more, was associated with better disability trajectories in the oldest adults. These findings will inform new dietary strategies to support active, healthy ageing. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:50–56, 2019.
Immunisation status of children presenting to the emergency department: Linkage of a longitudinal birth cohort with national immunisation data
Authors: Keijzers Gerben , Sweeny Amy , Crilly Julia , Good Norm , Cameron Cate M , Mihala Gabor , Thone Jae , Scuffham Paul A 
Published: November 2018

AimTo describe the relationship between emergency department (ED) diagnosis of infectious disease and immunisation status in children ≤5 years. We also aimed to demonstrate feasibility of proof‐of‐concept linkage between disparate databases.MethodsData from a cohort of 3404 children born in Southeast Queensland/Far North New South Wales between 2006 and 2011 were linked to Australian Childhood Immunisation Registry data and Emergency Department Information System data for presentations between 2006 and 2014. Immunisation status was assigned using the 2009 National Immunisation Program schedule.ResultsOf 1490 children (79% of those consented) with data on immunisation status, 87.2 and 84.6% were fully immunised by 12 and 24 months, respectively. Adding partially immunised children increased this to 93.2 and 91.4% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Nearly two‐thirds of all children made at least one ED presentation. Children presenting to ED with an infectious disease did not differ in immunisation status compared to children with other (non‐infectious disease type) presentations but were younger, more likely to live with other children and had a longer ED stay and higher admission rate. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was more frequently diagnosed in unimmunised children.ConclusionsIn an existing birth cohort, immunisation rates were lower than the national average. RSV was more prevalent in unimmunised children presenting to ED, but immunisation status was not significantly associated with other infectious disease presentations. Linkage between national immunisation data and Australian ED data is feasible and has the potential to identify previously unrecognised factors related to child immunisation status and health‐care utilisation.
Epidemiology of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency‐care practices in the UK
Authors: Conroy M. , O'Neill D. , Boag A. , Church D. , Brodbelt D. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence proportion of road traffic accidents in cats attending emergency out‐of‐hours clinics in the UK, identify major risk factors for road traffic accident occurrence and for survival to discharge.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of a cohort of 33,053 cats in the VetCompass database attending emergency‐care practice between January 1, 2012 and February 15, 2014. Incidence proportion was calculated and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for road traffic accident and survival to discharge following road traffic accident.ResultsIncidence proportion was estimated at 4∙2% (95% confidence interval: 4∙0 to 4∙4%). Cats aged 6 months to 2 years were at increased odds of road traffic accident, as were male cats and crossbred cats. Odds of road traffic accident were highest in the autumn. Spinal injury, abdominal injury and increasing count of injuries were associated with increased odds of death.Clinical SignificanceRoad traffic accident is a frequent presentation in emergency‐care practice. Identification of risk factors for death within the first 24 hours following a road traffic accident can aid veterinarian and owner decision‐making for treatment of cats involved in a road traffic accident.
Women's views about a free breast pump service: Online survey informing intervention development
Authors: McInnes Rhona J. , Gillespie Nicola , Crossland Nicola , Hall Moran Victoria , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImproving breastfeeding outcomes is a global priority; however, in the United Kingdom, continuation of breastfeeding remains low. Growing empirical evidence suggests a free breast pump service might be an acceptable and feasible incentive intervention to improve breastfeeding outcomes and reduce heath inequalities. To inform intervention development, we conducted an online survey with women recruited via social media using snowball sampling. Data were analysed descriptively (closed questions) with qualitative thematic analysis (free text). The survey was completed by 666 women, most of whom had recently breastfed and used a breast pump. Participants agreed that free pump hire (rental/loan; 567 women; 85.1%) or a free pump to keep (408; 61.3%) should be provided. Free text comments provided by 408 women (free pump) and 309 women (free hire) highlighted potential benefits: helping women to continue breastfeeding; express milk; overcome difficulties; and pump choice. Concerns are possible effect on breast milk supply, reduced breastfeeding, pumps replacing good support for breastfeeding, and pump hire hygiene. Personal and societal costs are important issues. Some suggested a pump service should be for low‐income mothers, those with feeding difficulties or sick/preterm infants. A one‐size service would not suit all and vouchers were proposed. Some suggested fees and deposits to prevent waste. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting views about the acceptability of providing a free breast pump hire service. Mothers support and wish to have a say in breast pump service development. Future evaluations should address impact on feeding outcomes, professional support, hygiene for hired pumps, and costs.
High protein diet promotes body weight loss among Brazilian postpartum women
Authors: de Castro Maria Beatriz Trindade , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Araujo Marina Campos , Bezerra Ilana Nogueira , Adegboye Amanda Rodrigues Amorim , Kac Gilberto , Sichieri Rosely 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is evidence in the general population that adhering to a high protein and low carbohydrate diet may help in losing weight. However, there is little evidence among postpartum women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet on weight loss among postpartum women. A parallel‐randomized controlled trial with 94 postpartum women was conducted in a maternity ward in Mesquita county (recruitment from February 2009 to December 2010) and in a polyclinic in Rio de Janeiro city (recruitment from December 2010 to December 2011). Women were randomized to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG), and both groups received an isocaloric diet (1,800 kcal). Additionally, the IG received approximately 25 g of protein obtained from 125 g per week of sardine to increase daily dietary protein content and was advised to restrict carbohydrate intake. The CG received nutritional counselling to follow the national nutrition guidelines (15% protein, 60% carbohydrates, and 25% lipids). A linear mixed‐effects model was used to test the effect of high protein intake and macronutrient intake on weight loss during the postpartum period. Body weight decreased in the IG compared with the CG (ß = −0.325; p = 0.049) among overweight and obese postpartum women. The percentage of energy intake from lipid (ß = −0.023; p = 0.050) was negatively associated with body weight, and carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.020; p = 0.026) was positively associated with body weight over time among all women. Protein intake and lower carbohydrate intake may be used as a dietary strategy to improve body weight loss during the postpartum period.
The role of α2‐adrenergic receptors in hypertensive preeclampsia: A hypothesis
Authors: Maaliki Dina , Issa Khodr , Al Shehabi Tuqa , El‐Yazbi Ahmed , Eid Ali H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreeclampsia, a major disorder of human pregnancy, manifests as persistent hypertension and proteinuria presenting after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Multiple systemic symptoms might be associated with preeclampsia including thrombocytopenia, liver impairment, pulmonary edema, and cerebral disturbances. However, vascular dysfunction remains the core pathological driver of preeclampsia. Defective placental implantation followed by dysfunctional placental spiral artery development promotes a hypoxic environment. Massive endothelial dysfunction characterized by reduced vasodilation, augmented vasoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability and inflammation ensues. Interestingly, the same signaling and inflammatory pathways implicated in preeclampsia appear to be shared with other vascular disorders involving alteration of α2‐AR function. The role of α2‐ARs in the regulation of microcirculatory function has long been recognized, thus raising the question of whether they are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Here, we review possible interplay between signaling and inflammatory pathways common to preeclampsia and α2‐AR function/regulation. We speculate on the potential contribution of these receptors to the observed phenotype and the potential role for their pharmacological modulators as therapeutic interventions with preeclampsia.
In vitro model reveals a role for mechanical stretch in the remodeling response of lymphatic muscle cells
Authors: Hooks Joshua S. T. , Clement Cristina C. , Nguyen Hoang‐Dung , Santambrogio Laura , Dixon J. Brandon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveUsing primary LMCs in vitro, we sought to characterize the impact of LMC remodeling on their functional and molecular response to mechanical loading and culture conditions.MethodsPrimary “wounded leg” LMCs were derived from the hindlimb of three sheep who underwent lymphatic injury 6 weeks prior, while “control leg” LMCs were derived from the contralateral, unwounded, limb. Function of the LMCs was characterized in response to media of variable levels of serum (10% vs 0.2%) and glucose (4.5 vs 1 g/L). Functional and proteomic data were evaluated in LMCs exposed to cyclic stretch (0.1 Hz, 7.5% elongation) for 1 week.ResultsLMCs were sensitive to changes in serum levels, significantly reducing overall activity and collagen synthesis under low serum conditions. LMCs from the remodeled vessel had higher baseline levels of metabolic activity but not collagen synthesis. Cyclic loading induced cellular alignment perpendicular to the axis of stretch and alterations in signaling pathways associated with metabolism. Remodeled LMCs had consistently higher levels of metabolic activity and were more resistant to strain‐induced apoptosis.ConclusionsLMCs exist on a functional spectrum, becoming more active in response to stretching and maintaining phenotypic remodeling in response to local lymphatic/tissue damage.
Targeting LOX‐1 in atherosclerosis and vasculopathy: current knowledge and future perspectives
Authors: Tian Kunming , Ogura Sayoko , Little Peter J. , Xu Suo‐wen , Sawamura Tatsuya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLOX‐1 (lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1; also known as OLR1) is the dominant receptor that recognizes and internalizes oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (ox‐LDLs) in endothelial cells. Several genetic variants of LOX‐1 are associated with the risk and severity of coronary artery disease. The LOX‐1–ox‐LDL interaction induces endothelial dysfunction, leukocyte adhesion, macrophage‐derived foam cell formation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. LOX‐1 activation eventually leads to the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques and acute cardiovascular events. In addition, LOX‐1 can be cleaved to generate soluble LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1), which is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for atherosclerosis‐related diseases in human patients. Of therapeutic relevance, several natural products and clinically used drugs have emerged as LOX‐1 inhibitors that have antiatherosclerotic actions. We hereby provide an updated overview of role of LOX‐1 in atherosclerosis and associated vascular diseases, with an aim to highlighting the potential of LOX‐1 as a novel theranostic tool for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
Evaluation of the quality of acute pain management in a pediatric surgical setting: Validation of a parent proxy modified version of the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire
Authors: Chaw SookHui , Lo YokeLin , Shariffuddin Ina I. , Wong JiaWing , Lee JiaYin , Leong David WeiJie , Ng Kevin WeiShan , Chan Lucy 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundEffective pain management involves a cycle of continual pain assessment, good pain control strategies, and assessment of a standard quality improvement measures. A validated questionnaire that focuses on the quality of postoperative pain management in pediatric surgical patients and parental satisfaction on pain treatment is lacking. We, therefore, modified the revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire to evaluate the quality of postoperative pain management in a pediatric surgical setting. The primary aim of this study was to validate the modified version of revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire.MethodsParents whose children aged below 12 years and were scheduled for elective surgery in a teaching hospital, were approached to participate in this survey. The reliability of the modified version of revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha test, while the construct validity was assessed with a principal component analysis using a varimax rotation. The parental satisfaction with pain treatment received was measured.ResultsA total of 108 parents completed the questionnaire. The internal consistency of the questionnaire shows a Cronbach's alpha of 0.798. Principal component analysis revealed a four‐factor structure of the 12 items which explained 69.7% of the total variance. The factors are “Interference of sleep and activity,” “Pain severity and drowsiness,” “Perception of care,” and “Adverse effects,” respectively. Our study showed that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure for “Interference of sleep and activity” and “Pain severity and drowsiness” factors, but not for “Perception of care” and “Adverse effects.” The results for “Perception of care” and “Adverse effects,” therefore, should be reported as individual items instead of total score. The parental satisfaction with pain treatment given was good (median 8.0; IQR 3.0).ConclusionThe modified version of revised American Pain Society Patient Outcome Questionnaire is a feasible and easy instrument to administer. The questionnaire can be used to obtain feedback from parents about the outcomes and experiences of pain management and is helpful in continuous quality evaluation and improvement in the postoperative care in a pediatric setting.
A retrospective cohort study of melanoma prevalence stratified by body site in a Regional Australian Population 1994‐2017: Site‐specific protective mechanisms
Authors: Slape Dana , Tang Johnson , Lawless Ruth , McCrossin Ian , Frew John W. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundAustralia has the highest incidence of cutaneous melanoma worldwide. Previous studies have identified some body areas (forearms and dorsal hands) have lower rates of melanoma than expected when compared with other similarly exposed areas, leading to the suggestion that endogenous immunological protective mechanisms in certain body sites may exist.Aims and MethodsWe hypothesise that examination of melanoma by body site in a regional Australian setting would demonstrate no significant variation in the incidence of melanoma across highly sun exposed areas including the head and neck and upper limbs. Results were stratified by body site and further examined by univariate correlation analysis by gender, age, body site, Breslow thickness and subtype. Polytomous logistic regression was used to test the difference in risk factors by location of melanoma.ResultsA total of 772 melanomas were included in the analysis. Melanomas of the upper limb were more likely to affect females (OR = 2.415 95%CI: 1.433‐4.072) and more likely to be thinner than other body sites. Compared to other international studies, statistically significant decreased rates of melanoma were seen on the upper limb compared to other areas of the body (X2 = 16.29, P < 0.001). Examination of sites of melanoma on the upper limb showed significantly decreased rate on the distal upper limb given relative body surface areas (X2 = 6.30 P = 0.04).Discussion and ConclusionsOur study was limited by its retrospective nature, and the findings require validation in a larger prospective cohort. Further exploration of such mechanisms may lead to new insights into the immunological mechanisms surrounding cutaneous melanoma.
Cytogenetic relationships, polyploid origin and taxonomic issues in Paspalum species: inter‐ and intraspecific hybrids between a sexual synthetic autotetraploid and five wild apomictic tetraploid species
Authors: Novo P. E. , Galdeano F. , Espinoza F. , Quarin C. L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Paspalum is a noteworthy grass genus due to the forage quality of most species, with approximately 330 species, and the high proportion of those that reproduce via apomixis. Harnessing apomictic reproduction and widening knowledge about the cytogenetic relationships among species are essential tools for plant breeding.

We conducted cytogenetic analyses of inter‐ and intraspecific hybridisations involving a sexual, colchicine‐induced autotetraploid plant of P. plicatulum Michx. and five indigenous apomictic tetraploid (2n = 40) species: P. compressifolium Swallen, P. lenticulare Kunth, two accessions of P. nicorae Parodi, P. rojasii Hack. and two accessions of P. plicatulum. Fertility of the hybrids was investigated and their reproductive system was analysed considering the relative embryo:endosperm DNA content from flow cytometry. Morphological, nomenclatural and taxonomic issues were also analysed.

Cytogenetic analysis suggested that all indigenous tetraploid accessions of five apomictic species are autotetraploid or segmental allotetraploid. If segmental allotetraploids, they probably originated through autoploidy followed by diploidisation processes. Autosyndetic male chromosome pairing observed in all hybrid families supported this assertion. Allosyndetic chromosome associations were also observed in all hybrid families. In the hybrids, the proportion of male parent chromosomes involved in allosyndesis per pollen mother cell varied from 5.5% to 35.0% and the maximum was between 25% and 60%. The apomictic condition of the indigenous male parents segregated in the hybrids.

These results confirm a strong association between autoploidy and apomixis in Paspalum, and the existence of cytogenetic relationships between different species of the Plicatula group. Allosyndetic chromosome pairing and seed fertility of the hybrids suggest the feasibility of gene transfer among species.
The iron status of South African blood donors: balancing donor safety and blood demand
Authors: van den Berg Karin , Swanevelder Ronel , Ingram Charlotte , Lawrie Denise , Glencross Deborah Kim , Hilton Caroline , Nieuwoudt Martin 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDSeveral studies in developed countries have demonstrated high levels of iron deficiency (ID) among blood donors. There is a paucity of data for developing countries where blood shortages remain a major concern.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 4412 donors were enrolled in the study. Specimens were collected for full blood count, iron, transferrin saturation, and ferritin assessment. Donor demographics were recorded. ID was indicated by a ferritin level of less than 20 ng/mL for men and less than 12 ng/mL for women. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels less than 12.5 g/dL. Regression models for predictors of ID were developed.RESULTSA total of 17.5% of all donors had ID, with 16.3% prevalence in women and 18.6% in men. Low hemoglobin had the highest association with ID (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 11.078; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.915–15.505); male donors had twice the odds of ID compared to female donors (AOR, 2.501; 95% CI, 1.964–3.185), while increasing age was associated with lower odds (AOD, 0.965; 95% CI, 0.956–0.975). Among male donors, an interdonation interval of less than 3 months (AOR, 2.679; 95% CI, 1.929–3.720) was associated with ID. Compared to other females combined, colored female donors (AOR, 2.335; 95% CI, 1.310–4.160) had higher odds and black female donors (AOR, 0.559; 95% CI, 0.369–0.845) lower odds of ID.CONCLUSIONID is common among South African donors; low hemoglobin, gender, ethnicity, and past donation history is independently associated with ID. Recommendations aimed at protecting donor health may increase blood shortages in South Africa.