bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of immune checkpoint receptors Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and T cell Ig and ITIM domain in metastatic versus nonmetastatic choroidal melanoma
Authors: Stålhammar Gustav , Seregard Stefan , Grossniklaus Hans E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurvival in metastasized cutaneous melanoma (CM) has been improved with the advent of inhibitors of immune checkpoints CTLA4 and PD‐1. In contrast, the response rate for inhibition of these checkpoints in uveal melanoma (UM) is very low. Other checkpoints including IDO and TIGIT may be targetable.MethodsSections from 6 patients with UM, who had undergone primary enucleation 1978—1995 and 6 paired liver metastases were stained immunohistochemically (SOX10, Melan‐A, IDO, TIGIT, and CD8). Four tumors from patients who did not develop metastasis during a mean follow‐up of 19 years, and 5 samples each of normal choroidal and liver tissue were included for comparison. The number of cells/mm2 expressing IDO, TIGIT and CD8 was counted with manual and digital image analysis methods. Retrospective data on patient and tumor characteristics was reviewed.ResultsThe number of TIGIT positive cells was significantly higher in primary tumors from patients who eventually developed metastases (mean 4695 cells/mm2) than from patients who didn't (mean 1342 cells/mm2, P < 0.01) and paired metastases (463 cells/mm2, P < 0.01). The number of IDO positive cells was not significantly higher in metastatic tumors (P = 0.079), but the number of IDO and TIGIT positive cells/mm2 correlated in both hot spots (R2 = 0.24, P < 0.01) and full tumor sections (R2 = 0.35, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe expression of immune checkpoint receptor TIGIT is increased in primary uveal melanomas that seed metastases, and correlates with the expression of checkpoint receptor IDO. Both may be future targets for therapy.
Management of subcutaneous facial emphysema secondary to a class V dental restoration
Authors: Mascarenhas Raoul Julio 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageSubcutaneous facial emphysema (SFE) is a potentially serious complication of dental treatment typically associated with surgical removal of teeth using air‐driven handpieces. A case of SFE is presented occurring after routine dental restoration, along with a framework to aid prevention of this complication and guide management where it occurs.
Smoldering type adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma effectively treated with mogamulizumab (anti‐CC chemokine receptor 4 monoclonal antibody)—A case report
Authors: Nishikawa Yotaro , Mochida Kosuke , Kubo Tamaki , Horikawa Nagako , Nemoto Rieko , Amano Masahiro 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageThe use of mogamulizumab needs careful consideration because of severe adverse reactions such as graft‐vs‐host disease. However, refractory specific skin lesions of smoldering type adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma can be effectively treated with mogamulizumab when patients have no opportunity to receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation like our case.
Phosphinine‐Based Ligands in Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Rigo Massimo , Habraken Evi R. M. , Bhattacharyya Koyel , Weber Manuela , Ehlers Andreas W. , Mézailles Nicolas , Slootweg J. Chris , Müller Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA series of substituted phosphinines, 1‐phosphabarrelenes and 5‐phosphasemibullvalenes were synthesized and evaluated for their potential application as ligands in homogeneous catalytic reactions. While their buried volume (%Vbur) was calculated to get insight into the steric properties, [LNi(CO)3] complexes were prepared in order to determine the corresponding Tolman electronic parameter. ETS‐NOCV (extended‐transition‐state natural orbital for chemical valence) calculations on [LAuCl] complexes further allowed an estimation of the σ‐ and π‐contributions to the L−M interaction. AuI coordination compounds of selected examples were prepared and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Finally, the three classes of PIII compounds were successfully used in the AuI‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of N‐2‐propyn‐1‐ylbenzamide, showing very good activities and selectivities, which are comparable with the reported data of cationic phosphorus‐based gold catalysts.
Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Alkenyl Sulfoximines and Alkenyl Aminosulfoxonium Salts with Organozincs by Dual Nickel Catalysis and Lewis Acid Promotion
Authors: Erdelmeier Irene , Bülow Gerd , Woo Chang‐Wan , Decker Jürgen , Raabe Gerhard , Gais Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, the cross‐coupling reaction (CCR) of exocyclic, axially chiral, and acyclic alkenyl (N‐methyl)sulfoximines with alkyl‐ and arylzincs is described. The CCR generally requires dual Ni catalysis and MgBr2 promotion, which is effective in diethyl ether but not in THF. NMR spectroscopy revealed a complexation of alkenyl sulfoximines by MgBr2 in diethyl ether, which suggests an acceleration of the oxidative addition through nucleofugal activation. The CCR of alkenyl sulfoximines generally proceeds in the presence of Ni(dppp)Cl2 as a precatalyst and MgBr2 with alkyl‐ and arylzincs with a high degree of stereoretention at the C and the S atom. CCR of axially chiral alkenyl sulfoximines with Ni(PPh3)2Cl2 as a precatalyst and ZnPh2 does not require salt promotion and is stereoretentive. The reaction with Zn(CH2SiMe3)2, however, demands salt promotion and is not stereoretentive. CCR of axially chiral α‐methylated alkenyl sulfoximines afforded persubstituted axially chiral alkenes with high selectivity. Alkenyl (N‐triflyl)sulfoximines engage in a stereoretentive CCR with Grignard reagents and Ni(PPh3)2Cl2. Ni‐Catalyzed and MgBr2‐promoted CCR of E‐configured acyclic alkenyl sulfoximines and aminosulfoxonium salts with ZnPh2 and Zn(CH2SiMe3)2 is stereoretentive with Ni(dppp)Cl2 and Ni(PPh3)2Cl2. CCRs of acyclic alkenyl sulfoximines and alkenyl aminosulfoxonium salts, carrying a methyl group at the α position, take a different course and give alkenyl sulfinamides under stereoretention at the S and C atom. CCR of acyclic, exocyclic, and axially chiral alkenyl sulfoximines has been successfully applied to the stereoselective synthesis of homoallylic alcohols, exocyclic alkenes, and axially chiral alkenes, respectively.
Noble Metal Corrosion: Halogen Bonded Iodocarbenium Iodides Dissolve Elemental Gold—Direct Access to Gold–Carbene Complexes
Authors: Holthoff Jana M. , Engelage Elric , Kowsari Alexander B. , Huber Stefan M. , Weiss Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA common method to dissolve elemental gold involves the combination of an oxidant with a Lewis base that coordinates to the gold surface, thus lowering the metal's redox potential. Herein we report the usage of organic iodide salts, which provide both oxidative power and a coordinating ligand, to dissolve gold under formation of organo‐gold complexes. The obtained products were identified as AuIII complexes, all featuring Au−C bonds, as shown by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis, and can be isolated in good yields. Additionally, our method provides direct access to N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC‐type) complexes and avoids costly organometallic precursors. The investigated complexes show dynamic behavior in acetonitrile and in the case of the NHC(‐type) complexes, the involved species could be identified as a monocarbene [AuI3(carbene)] and biscarbene complex [AuI2(carbene)2]+.
Microstructure‐ and Theory‐Based Modeling and Simulation of Batteries and Fuel Cells
Authors: Latz Arnulf , Danner Timo , Horstmann Birger , Jahnke Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe quality of digitalized design and development processes for advanced electrochemical technologies depends crucially on the accuracy of available models and the level of details at which simulations can be performed. In this article, an overview is given over recent advances in developing coupled models of transport and electrochemistry and simulation tools to investigate and modify very detailed processes in batteries and fuel cells, two of the decisive electrochemical technologies for future energy markets.
Microkinetic Modeling of Nickel Oxidation in Solid Oxide Cells: Prediction of Safe Operating Conditions
Authors: Neidhardt Jonathan P. , Bessler Wolfgang G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxidation of the nickel electrode is a severe aging mechanism of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolyzer cells (SOEC). This work presents a modeling study of safe operating conditions with respect to nickel oxide formation. Microkinetic reaction mechanisms for thermochemical and electrochemical nickel oxidation are integrated into a 2D multiphase model of an anode‐supported solid oxide cell. Local oxidation propensity can be separated into four regimes. Simulations show that the thermochemical pathway generally dominates the electrochemical pathway. As a consequence, as long as fuel utilization is low, cell operation considerably below electrochemical oxidation limit of 0.704 V is possible without the risk of reoxidation.
Deuterated Curcuminoids: Synthesis, Structures, Computational/Docking and Comparative Cell Viability Assays against Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Laali Kenneth K. , Zwarycz Angela T. , Bunge Scott D. , Borosky Gabriela L. , Nukaya Manabu , Kennedy Gregory D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA series of deuterated curcuminoids (CUR) were synthesized, bearing two to six OCD3 groups, in some cases in combination with methoxy groups, and in others together with fluorine or chlorine atoms. A model ring‐deuterated hexamethoxy‐CUR–BF2 and its corresponding CUR compound were also synthesized from a 2,4,6‐trimethoxybenzaldehyde‐3,5‐d2 precursor. As with their protio analogues, the deuterated compounds were found to remain exclusively in the enolic form. The antiproliferative activities of these compounds were studied by in vitro bioassays against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines, and more specifically in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (HCT116, HT29, DLD‐1, RKO, SW837, and Caco2) and in normal colon cells (CCD841CoN). The deuterated CUR–BF2 adducts exhibited better overall growth inhibition by NCI‐60 assay, while for other CUR–BF2 adducts the non‐deuterated analogues were more cytotoxic. Results of the more focused comparative cell viability assays followed the same trend, but with some variation depending on cell lines. The CUR–BF2 adducts exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity than CURs. Structural studies (X‐ray and DFT) and computational molecular docking calculations comparing their inhibitory efficacy with those of known anticancer agents used in chemotherapy are also reported.
Ivermectin Dosing Strategy to Achieve Equivalent Exposure Coverage in Children and Adults
Authors: Brussee Janneke M. , Schulz Jessica D. , Coulibaly Jean T. , Keiser Jennifer , Pfister Marc 
Published: April 2019

Ivermectin is a commonly used broad‐spectrum antiparasitic drug, yet doses that produce consistent exposure coverage across age have not been characterized, and no data are available in children weighing < 15 kg. First, a population pharmacokinetic model is developed based on data from 200 children and 11 adults, treated with 100–600 μg/kg ivermectin. Second, model‐based simulations are performed to identify a dosing strategy that achieves equivalent exposure coverage in children and adults. Median (90% confidence interval) clearance of 0.346 (0.12–0.73) L/hour/kg in pre–school‐aged (2–5 years) children is similar to 0.352 (0.17–0.69) L/hour/kg in school‐aged (6–12 years) children but higher than in adults (0.199 (0.10–0.31) L/hour/kg), resulting in significantly lower exposure in children following a 200 μg/kg dose. Simulations indicate that a dose increase to 300 and 250 μg/kg in children aged 2–5 and 6–12 years, respectively, will achieve equivalent ivermectin exposure coverage in children and adults.
Amide Synthesis from Thiocarboxylic Acids and Amines by Spontaneous Reaction and Electrosynthesis
Authors: Tang Li , Matuska Jack H. , Huang Yu‐Han , He Yan‐Hong , Guan Zhi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmide bond formation is one of the most important basic reactions in chemistry. A catalyst‐free approach for constructing amide bonds from thiocarboxylic acids and amines was developed. The mechanistic studies showed that the disulfide was the key intermediate for this amide synthesis. Thiobenzoic acids could be automatically oxidized to disulfides in air, thioaliphatic acids could be electro‐oxidized to disulfides, and the resulting disulfides reacted with amines to give the corresponding amides. By this method, various amides could be easily synthesized in excellent yields without using any catalyst or activator. The successful synthesis of bioactive compounds also highlights the synthetic utility of this strategy in medicinal chemistry.
Dynamic behavioral modeling of nonlinear circuits using a novel recurrent neural network technique
Authors: Naghibi Zohreh , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Safari Saeed 
Published: April 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a new method called local‐global feedback recurrent neural network (LGFRNN) is proposed for dynamic behavioral modeling of nonlinear circuits. The structure of the proposed method is based on recurrent neural network and constructed by time‐delayed local and global feedbacks. Adding time‐delayed feedbacks has a great impact on the learning capability of previous neural network‐based methods. Moreover, time‐delayed local feedbacks alleviate the problem of slow convergency of the conventional neural network‐based methods in the training phase. The proposed LGFRNN can be trained only by having sampled input‐output waveforms of the original circuit without knowing the internal details of the circuit. A training algorithm based on real‐time recurrent learning (RTRL) is used to train LGFRNN. After the training phase, the proposed LGFRNN provides accurate macromodel of a nonlinear circuit. The proposed method is more accurate compared with the conventional neural‐based models (which do not benefit from time‐delayed local‐global feedbacks) and also significantly reduces the training time of the conventional models. Moreover, proposed LGFRNN is faster than the existing models in simulation tools. The validity of the proposed method is verified by time‐domain modeling of three nonlinear devices including commercial TI's SN74AHCT540 device, five‐stage complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) receiver, and commercial TI's LM324 power amplifier.
Sitting ducklings: Timing of hatch, nest departure, and predation risk for dabbling duck broods
Authors: Peterson Sarah H. , Ackerman Joshua T. , Herzog Mark P. , Hartman C. Alex , Croston Rebecca , Feldheim Cliff L. , Casazza Michael L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor ground‐nesting waterfowl, the timing of egg hatch and duckling departure from the nest may be influenced by the risk of predation at the nest and en route to wetlands and constrained by the time required for ducklings to imprint on the hen and be physically able to leave the nest. We determined the timing of hatch, nest departure, and predation on dabbling duck broods using small video cameras placed at the nests of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos; n = 26), gadwall (Mareca strepera; n = 24), and cinnamon teal (Anas cyanoptera; n = 5). Mallard eggs began to hatch throughout the day and night, whereas gadwall eggs generally started to hatch during daylight hours (mean 7.5 hr after dawn). Among all species, duckling departure from the nest occurred during daylight (98%), and 53% of hens typically left the nest with their broods 1–4 hr after dawn. For mallard and gadwall, we identified three strategies for the timing of nest departure: (a) 9% of broods left the nest the same day that eggs began to hatch (6–12 hr later), (b) 81% of broods left the nest the day after eggs began to hatch, and (c) 10% of broods waited 2 days to depart the nest after eggs began to hatch, leaving the nest just after the second dawn (27–42 hr later). Overall, eggs were depredated at 10% of nests with cameras in the 2 days prior to hatch and ducklings were depredated at 15% of nests with cameras before leaving the nest. Our results suggest that broods prefer to depart the nest early in the morning, which may best balance developmental constraints with predation risk both at the nest and en route to wetlands.
Differential gene expression in relation to mating system in Peromyscine rodents
Authors: Meléndez‐Rosa Jesyka , Bi Ke , Lacey Eileen A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBehaviors that increase an individual's exposure to pathogens are expected to have important effects on immunoactivity. Because sexual reproduction typically requires close contact among conspecifics, mating systems provide an ideal opportunity to study the immunogenetic correlates of behaviors with high versus low risks of pathogen exposure. Despite logical links between polygynandrous mating behavior, increased pathogen exposure, and greater immunoactivity, these relationships have seldom been examined in nonhuman vertebrates. To explore interactions among these variables in a different lineage of mammals, we used RNAseq to study the gene expression profiles of liver tissue—a highly immunoactive organ—from sympatric populations of the monogamous California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) and two polygynandrous congeners (P. maniculatus and P. boylii). Differential expression and co‐expression analyses revealed distinct patterns of gene activity among species, with much of this variation associated with differences in mating system. This tendency was particularly pronounced for MHC genes, with multiple MHC Class I genes being upregulated in the two polygynandrous species, as expected if exposure to sexually transmitted pathogens varies with mating system. Our results underscore the role of mating behavior in influencing patterns of gene expression and highlight the use of emerging transcriptomic tools in behavioral studies of free‐living animals.
Preparation of a capillary isoelectric focusing column with monolithic immobilized pH gradient and its application on protein separation based on an online capillary isoelectric focusing platform
Authors: Liu Rangdong , Pan Hong , Zheng Yiting , Hu Jing , Cheddah Soumia , Wang Weiwei , Wang Yan , Yan Chao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the presence of methanol and n‐decanol as porogens, a partially filled capillary monolithic column was prepared by in situ reaction of glycidyl methacrylate and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate. Then, Pharmalyte 3–10 was immobilized on this column in order to obtain a capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) column with monolithic immobilized pH gradient (M‐IPG). In addition, an online self‐built platform for protein separation was established on account of the introduction of a cross‐shaped unit and two short‐off valves. In this platform, a cross‐shaped unit was not only used to join the M‐IPG column and a six‐way injection valve (1.5 μL sample loop), but also to supply a volume pool of anode buffer so that the process of injection, focusing and mobilization of samples could be sequentially performed. The short‐off valve in the tee unit or cross‐shaped unit could be used to control the direction of the fluid flow. Using this online cIEF platform and under the optimized conditions, 7‐proteins mixture could be separated and a good linear correlation between pI values and migration times was obtained by the M‐IPG column. Meanwhile, based on the online cIEF platform, human serum proteins and a mixture of Hb A and Hb A1c have been successfully resolved with the newly developed M‐IPG column.
Utilizing SWMM and GIS to identify total suspended solids hotspots to implement green infrastructure in Lucas County, OH
Authors: Bahaya Bernard , Al‐Quraishi Muthana , Gruden Cyndee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research demonstrates that modeling approaches can be used to identify priority areas to implement green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) resulting in improved water quality outcomes. The total suspended solids (TSS) washoff loading from watersheds in Lucas County, Ohio due the municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4) was reported based on 2015 rain data. The highest TSS loading was experienced in the winter season in 80% of the watersheds. Subcatchments with the highest predicted TSS washoff loadings were identified as priority areas or hotspots. In subsequent simulations, GSI implementation in hotspots improved water quality by more than twofold as compared to indiscriminate implementation of GSI. These hotspot maps are being used by regional stormwater stakeholders to focus their urban water quality efforts and to identify site characteristics that may be used to inform environmental policy.
Impacts of successive wildfire on soil hydraulic properties: Implications for debris flow hazards and system resilience
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Youberg Ann M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClimate and land use changes have led to recent increases in fire size, severity, and/or frequency in many different geographic regions and ecozones. Most post‐wildfire geomorphology studies focus on the impact of a single wildfire but changing wildfire regimes underscore the need to quantify the effects of repeated disturbance by wildfire and the subsequent impacts on system resilience. Here, we examine the impact of two successive wildfires on soil hydraulic properties and debris flow hazards. The 2004 Nuttall‐Gibson Complex and the 2017 Frye Fire affected large portions of the Pinaleño Mountains in southern Arizona, creating a mosaic of burn severity patterns that allowed us to quantify differences in wildfire‐induced hydrologic changes as a function of burn severity and recent fire history (i.e. burned in only the Frye Fire or burned in both fires). Field observations after the 2017 Frye Fire indicated debris flow activity in areas burned predominantly at low severity. Many of these areas, however, were also affected by the 2004 Nuttall‐Gibson Complex, suggesting that the relatively short recovery time between the two wildfires may have played a role in the geomorphic response to the most recent wildfire. Field measurements of soil hydraulic properties suggest that soils burned at moderate severity in 2004 and low severity in 2017 have a lower infiltration capacity relative to those that remained unburned in 2004 and burned at low severity in 2017. Simulations of runoff demonstrate that measured differences in infiltration capacity between once‐ and twice‐burned soils are sufficient in some cases to influence the rainfall intensities needed to initiate runoff generated debris flows. Results quantify the impact of wildfire history and burn severity on runoff and debris flow activity in a landscape affected by successive wildfires and provide insight into how the resilience of geomorphic systems may be affected by successive wildfires. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.