bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyadic connections in the context of group mentoring: A social network approach
Authors: Williams Joanna L. , Molloy Elreda Lauren , Henderson Lora J. , Deutsch Nancy L. , Lawrence Edith C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine how relational ties among all participants in a group mentoring program related to connections within assigned mentor–mentee dyads.MethodsCollege student female mentors (n = 54) and middle school‐aged female mentees (
n = 65) in eight mentoring groups completed social network surveys on multiple occasions, rating all groupmates on connection and effort to reach out.ResultsHierarchical linear models (participants nested in groups) revealed mentors who were rated as being highly connected to multiple mentees had stronger connections within their dyad. For mentees, high ratings on efforts to reach out to others related to the stronger dyadic connection. Mentees reported lower dyadic connection in groups with more segregation by role.ConclusionResults suggest group dynamics matter for one‐on‐one mentoring relationships, but how they matter differs by role. Implications for the use of social network analysis to assess complex settings are discussed.
Determinants of sense of community in congregations
Authors: Itzhaki Yael , Cnaan Ram A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study examined the contribution of personal aspects (i.e., self‐esteem and motivation to lead), social aspects (i.e., number of congregational friends and positive and negative societal conditional regard), and psychological aspects (feelings of loneliness) to the sense of community among congregational members. The study was conducted in Israel among 260 active synagogue members between the ages of 18 and 88 years old (mean = 32.91). Structural equation modeling indicated that social aspects made the most significant contribution to sense of community. A significant direct positive contribution of a number of congregational friends and societal conditional positive regard to sense of community was found. However, societal conditional negative regard made the highest negative direct contribution to sense of community, and motivation to lead made no contribution to sense of community. Self‐esteem made only an indirect positive contribution to sense of community via loneliness, and loneliness made a direct negative contribution to sense of community. Findings highlight the importance of the social aspect as a whole, and of societal conditional regard specifically, in understanding sense of community among congregational members.
Initial experience in synthesis of (2S,4R)‐4‐[18F]fluoroglutamine for clinical application
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhang Lifang , Yang Jianhua , Wu Zehui , Ploessl Karl , Zha Zhihao , Liu Fei , Xu Xiaoxia , Zhu Hua , Yang Zhi , Zhu Lin , Kung Hank F. 
Published: March 2019

We report initial experience in synthesis of (2S,4R)‐4‐[18F]fluoroglutamine, [18F]FGln, which has been used as a tool for monitoring glutamine metabolism in cancer patients. [18F]FGln was prepared by a fully automated PET‐MF‐2V‐IT‐I synthesizer under GMP‐compliant conditions for routine clinical studies. The total radiosynthesis time was about 65 minutes, the decay‐corrected radiochemical yield was 18.0 ± 4.2% (n = 59; failure n = 15), and the radiochemical purity was greater than 90%. In some situations, the yields were low (less than 5%), and the most likely cause of this problem is the initial fluorination step; the fluoride ion might not have been fully activated. In other occasions, low final radiochemical purity was often associated with the failure of the second step—removal of protection groups by anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid. A trace amount of water led to production of undesired 4‐[18F]fluoroglutamic acid. Knowledge learned from the successes and failures of synthesis may be helpful to identify critical steps and pitfalls for preparation of this clinically useful metabolic probe, [18F]FGln, for imaging glutamine utilization in tumor of cancer patients.
Do sharks exhibit heterodonty by tooth position and over ontogeny? A comparison using elliptic Fourier analysis
Authors: Cullen Joshua A. , Marshall Christopher D. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTTooth morphology is often used to inform the feeding ecology of an organism as these structures are important to procure and process dietary resources. In sharks, differences in morphology may facilitate the capture and handling of prey with different physical properties. However, few studies have investigated differences in tooth morphology over ontogeny, throughout the jaws of a single species, or among species at multiple tooth positions. Bull (Carcharhinus leucas), blacktip (Carcharhinus limbatus), and bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) are coastal predators that exhibit ontogenetic dietary shifts, but differ in their feeding ecologies. This study measured tooth morphology at six positions along the upper and lower jaws of each species using elliptic Fourier analysis to make comparisons within and among species over their ontogeny. Significant ontogenetic differences were detected at four of the six tooth positions in bull sharks, but only the posterior position on the lower jaw appeared to exhibit a functionally relevant shift in morphology. No ontogenetic changes in morphology were detected in blacktip or bonnethead sharks. Intraspecific comparisons found that most tooth positions significantly differed from one another across all species, but heterodonty was greatest in bull sharks. Additionally, interspecific comparisons found differences among all species at each tooth position except between bull and blacktip sharks at two positions. These morphological patterns within and among species may have implications for prey handling efficiency, as well as in providing insight for paleoichthyology studies and reevaluating heterodonty in sharks.
Semiautomatic carotid intraplaque hemorrhage volume measurement using 3D carotid MRI
Authors: Liu Jin , Sun Jie , Balu Niranjan , Ferguson Marina S. , Wang Jinnan , Kerwin William S. , Hippe Daniel S. , Wang Amy , Hatsukami Thomas S. , Yuan Chun 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPresence of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) is a known risk factor for stroke and plaque progression. Accurate and reproducible measurement of IPH volume are required for further risk stratification.PurposeTo develop a semiautomatic method to measure carotid IPH volume.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationPatients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy and patients with 16–79% asymptomatic carotid stenosis by ultrasound.Field Strength3T.SequenceSimultaneous noncontrast angiography and intraplaque hemorrhage (SNAP) MRI.AssessmentA semiautomated volumetric measurement of IPH using signal intensity thresholding of 3D SNAP volume was implemented. Fourteen carotid endarterectomy patients were enrolled to determine the signal intensity threshold of IPH using histology. Thirty‐three patients with 16–79% asymptomatic stenosis were scanned twice within 1 month to evaluate reproducibility. The normalized SNAP intensity with the highest Youden index for predicting IPH on histology was used for thresholding. Scan–rescan reproducibility of IPH measurement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV).Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve, Cohen's kappa, intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variance (CV), and paired t‐test.ResultsIPH detection by the algorithm had substantial agreement with manual review (kappa: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83, 1.00) and moderate agreement with histology (kappa: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.68). IPH volume measurements by the algorithm were strongly correlated with histology (Spearman's rho = 0.76, P = 0.002). IPH measurements were also reproducible, with ICCs of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.96), 0.77 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.94), and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.00) for maximum/mean normalized intensity and IPH volume, respectively. The corresponding CVs were 10.6%, 5.2%, and 11.8%.Data ConclusionIPH volume measurements on SNAP MRI are highly reproducible using semiautomatic measurement.Level of Evidence 2Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1055–1062.
Three‐dimensional turbo‐spin‐echo amide proton transfer‐weighted mri for cervical cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: He Yong‐Lan , Li Yuan , Lin Cheng‐Yu , Qi Ya‐Fei , Wang Xiaoqi , Zhou Hai‐Long , Yang Jun‐Jun , Xiang Yang , Xue Hua‐Dan , Jin Zheng‐Yu 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundAmide proton transfer‐weighted (APTw) imaging has shown great potential in the diagnosis of cancer, but has yet not been well studied in cervical cancer.PurposeTo evaluate the image quality and clinical feasibility of APTw MRI for cervical cancer.Study TypeProspective.PopulationIn all, 75 patients with cervical lesions and 49 healthy volunteers.Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) APTw sequence.AssessmentThree radiologists, blinded to the clinical data, independently evaluated APTw image quality with a 5‐point Likert scale on 64 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer. APT values, calculated based on asymmetry of acquired Z‐spectrum with respect to water frequency, using 3D turbo spin echo volume acquisition with B0 correction, were independently measured by two radiologists, twice for each observer, on 52 cervical cancer lesions and 49 normal cervical stroma with a mean region of interest area of 638.6 mm2 and 557.5 mm2, respectively.Statistical TestsInterobserver agreement was evaluated by Kendall's W test. Intra‐ and interobserver interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed. Student's t‐test was used to compare the differences of APT values between cervical cancer and normal cervix; receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed.ResultsMost cases revealed good APTw image quality with excellent agreement (Kendall's W = 0.850, P < 0.001). APT values of cervical cancer and normal cervical stroma were 2.745 ± 0.065 and 1.853 ± 0.059, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.0001). Intraobserver ICCs were 0.963 and 0.960 for two readers. Interobserver ICC was 0.993. Area under the curve (AUC) for differentiating cervical cancer from normal cervical stroma was 0.927. The feasible threshold value for AUC was determined as 2.221 with sensitivity of 84.62% and specificity of 83.66%.Data Conclusion3D TSE APTw MRI is feasible in cervical cancer. Cervical cancer showed significantly higher APT values than normal cervix.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1318–1325.
Home‐Based Exercise in Patients Awaiting Liver Transplantation: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Williams Felicity Rhian , Vallance Alice , Faulkner Thomas , Towey Jennifer , Durman Simon , Kyte Derek , Elsharkawy Ahmed Mohamed , Perera Thamara , Holt Andrew , Ferguson James , Lord Janet M. , Armstrong Matthew James 
Published: March 2019

Frailty is associated with increased mortality both before and after liver transplantation (LT). There are no standardized exercise programs, in particular home‐based exercise programs (HBEPs), for patients awaiting LT. The aim was to investigate the feasibility of such a program in patients awaiting LT. Patients were randomly selected from the Birmingham LT waiting list and provided with a 12‐week HBEP, including average daily step (ADS) targets and twice‐weekly resistance exercises. Feasibility was based on patient eligibility (≥66% of waiting list), target recruitment (≥90% of n = 20), safety (no related serious adverse events), and adherence (≥66% adherence to 6‐week HBEP). Measures of aerobic (incremental shuttle walk test [ISWT], ADS), functional capacity (short physical performance battery test [SPPBT]), and health‐related quality of life (EuroQol 5‐Dimension 5‐Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) and hospital anxiety and depression score [HADS]) were taken at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. 18 patients (50% male; median age, 55 years) were recruited. All domains of the study feasibility criteria were met. ISWT improved after 6 weeks (50 m; P ≤ 0.01) and 12 weeks (210 m; P ≤ 0.01), despite withdrawal of the telephone health calls. Similarly, improvements were seen in ADS (2700/day; P ≤ 0.01) and the SPPBT (2.5; P = 0.02) after 12 weeks. There was no difference in HADS (median difference [MD] –3; P = 0.69), but EQ‐5D‐5L after 12 weeks (17.5%; P = 0.04). In conclusion, a 12‐week HBEP, incorporating both easy‐to‐apply resistance and aerobic exercises, is safe and feasible in patients awaiting LT. Measures of aerobic and functional capacity demonstrate trends toward improvement that warrant further investigation in a randomized controlled trial.
NASH Is the Most Rapidly Growing Etiology for Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure‐Related Hospitalization and Disease Burden in the United States: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Axley Page , Ahmed Zunirah , Arora Sumant , Haas Allen , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Kamath Patrick S. , Singal Ashwani K. 
Published: March 2019

Acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by multiple organ failure (OF) with high short‐term mortality. There is lack of population‐based data on trends on etiology specific ACLF related burden. National Inpatient Sample (2006‐2014) was queried using ICD‐09 codes for admissions with cirrhosis and ACLF (≥2 extrahepatic OF). Of 1,928,764 admissions for cirrhosis between 2006 and 2014, 112,174 (5.9%) had ACLF (4.5%, 1.2%, and 0.2% with ACLF 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The brain was the most common OF in 11.9%, followed by respiratory failure in 7.7%, cardiac failure in 6.3%, and renal failure in 5.6%. ACLF increased by 24% between 2006 and 2014 with a 63% increase in 179,104 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis (3.5% to 5.7%); a 28% increase in patients with 429,306 alcoholic cirrhosis (5.6% to 7.2%); a 25% increase in patients with 1,091,053 with other etiologies (5.2% to 6.5%); and no significant change in 229,301 patients with viral hepatitis (VH) (4.0% to 4.1%). In‐hospital mortality was higher among ACLF patients compared with patients without ACLF (44% versus 4.7%; P < 0.0001). Each NASH‐related ACLF patient compared with other etiologies had a longer mean length of stay (14 versus 12 days), was associated with higher median total charges (US $151,196 versus US $134,597), and had more frequent use of dialysis (45% versus 36%) and longterm care (32% versus 26%; P < 0.0001 for all). Results remained similar in a subgroup analysis after including half of admissions with cryptogenic cirrhosis as NASH. In conclusion, NASH cirrhosis is the most rapidly growing indication for ACLF‐related hospitalization and use of hospital resources. In the setting of improved treatment options for chronic hepatitis, the health care burden of chronic viral‐related liver disease remains stable. Population‐based strategies are needed to reduce the health care burden of cirrhosis, particularly related to NASH.
The Acid/Base Profile of a Large Food Chemical Database
Authors: Santibáñez‐Morán Marisa G. , Rico‐Hidalgo Mariel P. , Manallack David T. , Medina‐Franco José L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMolecular acid/base properties have a significant influence on membrane permeation, metabolism, absorption, and affinity for biological targets. In particular, ionizable groups are critical in the strength of target‐molecule interactions, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. In this study, we estimated the acid/base properties of the food chemicals from FooDB, a public compound collection with more than 22,000 compounds. It was found that the food chemicals have 40.9 % of neutral compounds, which is twice as many as that found in approved drugs. The most common functional groups among the acid groups in the food chemicals were phenols (16.1 %), phosphates (17.3 %), and carboxylates (17.3 %) while the single‐base‐containing compounds were of less interest as they accounted for just 5.5 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic acid/base profiling of food chemicals and it is part of a continued effort to profile food chemicals for their broad interest in several areas such as nutrition and the food industry in general.
Glutamate diffusion in the rat brain in vivo under light and deep anesthesia conditions
Authors: Chen Xi , Tamang Siddartha M. , Du Fei , Ongur Dost 
Published: March 2019

PurposeGlutamate (Glu) is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system and glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in many common and severe neuropsychiatric disorders. In vivo MRS techniques have been developed to measure brain Glu concentration to investigate the pathophysiology of various brain disorders. However, it is difficult to interpret Glu signal changes because Glu plays multiple roles in the brain and is found in multiple microenvironments including cytosolic, vesicular, and extracellular.MethodsIn vivo diffusion‐weighted MRS (DW‐MRS) with low to very high b‐values was performed on the rat prefrontal cortex at 9.4T under both light and deep anesthetic conditions to examine Glu diffusion properties.ResultsSignificant alterations in Glu diffusion as well as reduced Glu concentration were observed under deep anesthesia compared with superficial anesthesia in the absence of similar changes in NAA or creatine.ConclusionThe modifications in Glu diffusion under deep anesthesia might reflect changes in Glu microenvironment. The present work shows that Glu DW‐MRS could be an important tool to explore Glu physiology with changing levels of neuronal activity and synaptic function.
Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Discovery and Genetic Variation in YY-Male and Mixed-Sex Strains of Nile Tilapia Available in the United States
Authors: Delomas Thomas A , Gomelsky Boris , Vu Ninh , Campbell Matthew R , Novelo Noel D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present study was focused on the discovery of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and measuring genetic variation in three YY-male and five mixed-sex Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus strains, which are available in the United States. We performed restriction site-associated DNA sequencing for SNP discovery and genotyping. Overall, 31,813 SNPs were identified and used to measure both intra- and interstrain genetic variation. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from a low of 0.084 in the Miami YY strain to a high of 0.222 in the Miami mixed-sex strain. Two of the three YY groups (Miami YY and Fishgen YY Red) had the lowest He values (0.084 and 0.085, respectively) and the second- and third-lowest observed heterozygosity (Ho) values (both Ho = 0.107). The number of private alleles varied from 90 to 3,795 in different strains and tended to increase with increasing He. Inbreeding, as measured by FIS, was found to be low in all populations, ranging from −0.060 ± 0.004 (mean ± SE) in the Fishgen YY Dark strain to 0.04 ± 0.0093 in the GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) strain; this indicates that the analyzed strains are currently being maintained with approximately random mating of individuals. Genetic differentiation between populations, as measured by pairwise FST, ranged from little differentiation (FST = 0.06 for the Ismailia Canal and GIFT strains) to strong differentiation (FST = 0.32 for the Miami YY and Lake Manzala strains). The discovered SNPs and quantification of genetic variation can be used for parentage determination and high-throughput pedigree reconstruction as well as for determining the optimal interstrain crosses to achieve heterosis.
Patients with Subacromial Pain Syndrome Present no Reduction of Shoulder Proprioception: A Matched Case‐Control Study
Authors: Gomes Bruno S.Q. , Coelho Vanessa K. , Terra Bruno S. , Bunn Priscila S. , Saragiotto Bruno T. , Ferreira Arthur S. , Nogueira Leandro A.C. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundShoulder pain is common among patients with musculoskeletal pain and the prevalence of patients with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS) is high. Despite the high prevalence, there is a lack of an extensive evaluation of the proprioception acuity in patients with SAPS. Knowledge of the proprioceptive deficit would assist clinicians in the proper treatment and may offer an alternative explanation for the mechanisms underlying SAPS, which are poorly understood.ObjectiveTo compare the proprioceptive function of the shoulder in patients with SAPS and matched controls.Study DesignMatched case‐control study.SettingPhysical Functional Rehabilitation Service of an outpatient clinic.ParticipantsA total of 32 consecutive patients with SAPS who sought physical therapy for shoulder pain and 32 healthy participants (control group) matched for age, sex, and handedness.InterventionsAll participants completed a questionnaire containing sociodemographic information, pain intensity and characteristics, the Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe proprioceptive assessment was performed through kinesthesia, passive joint position sense (PJPS), and the active joint position sense (AJPS).ResultsThe groups showed no statistically significant differences in kinesthesia, PJPS, and AJPS for internal or external rotation. The proprioceptive acuity was not associated with pain intensity or functional disability in patients with SAPS.ConclusionsParticipants with SAPS did not present proprioceptive deficits in a pain‐free motion of medial and lateral rotation when compared to their matched controls. The proprioceptive deficit may not be involved with the mechanisms underlying SAPS and seems not to interfere with the clinical outcomes of patients with SAPS.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Effectiveness of High‐Intensity Interval Training for Fitness and Mobility Post Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wiener Joshua , McIntyre Amanda , Janssen Scott , Chow Jeffrey TY , Batey Cristina , Teasell Robert 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) in improving fitness and mobility post stroke.TypeSystematic review.Literature SurveyMedline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for articles published in English up to January 2018.MethodologyStudies were included if the sample was adult human participants with stroke, the sample size was ≥3, and participants received >1 session of HIIT. Study and participant characteristics, treatment protocols, and results were extracted.SynthesisSix studies with a total of 140 participants met inclusion criteria: three randomized controlled trials and three pre‐post studies. HIIT protocols ranged 20 to 30 minutes per session, 2 to 5 times per week, and 2 to 8 weeks in total. HIIT was delivered on a treadmill in five studies and a stationary bicycle in one study. Regarding fitness measures, HIIT produced significant improvements in peak oxygen consumption compared to baseline, but the effect was not significant compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE). Regarding mobility measures, HIIT produced significant improvements on the 10‐Meter Walk Test (10MWT), 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), Timed Up and Go Test, and Rivermead Motor Assessment compared to baseline. The effect of HIIT was significant compared to MICE on the 10MWT and FAC but not on the 6MWT or BBS.ConclusionsThere is preliminary evidence that HIIT may be an effective rehabilitation intervention for improving some aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness and mobility post stroke.Level of EvidenceI.