bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Ni Species Anchored N‐Doped Carbon Hollow Spheres as Nanoreactors for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ma Shuangshuang , Su Panpan , Huang Wenjuan , Jiang San Ping , Bai Shiyang , Liu Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction to value‐added chemicals is a critical and challenging process for research of sustainable energy. Herein, we synthesize new nickel single atom catalysts embedded in nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres (Ni−N/C‐x) via thermal treatment of Ni salts and nitrogen doped hollow carbon spheres (N/C‐x). The state of Ni species on Ni−N/C‐x can be tuned by the nitrogen species of N/C‐x and pyrrolic‐N favors the formation of atomic Ni species. Two catalysts, namely, Ni−N/C‐1/4 contains more pyrrolic‐N and more amount of atomic Ni species than that on Ni−N/C‐3/2 have been prepared. During all the measurement potential range, Ni−N/C‐1/4 displays a much higher catalytic activity for CO2 reduction to CO than Ni−N/C‐3/2. Within the potential range of −0.63 V to −0.98 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), the faradaic efficiencies of CO on Ni−N/C‐1/4 exceed 70 %. Furthermore, Ni−N/C‐1/4 exhibits high selectivity for CO and excellent stability during 4.5 h of CO2 reduction electrolysis at the potential of −0.78 V versus RHE.
Fast microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis of TiNb2O7 nanoparticles
Authors: Falk Gilberto S. , Rodrigues Neto João B. , Borlaf Mario , Gómez Sergio Y. , Novaes de Oliveira Antonio P. , Hotza Dachamir 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a fast method for synthesizing TiNb2O7 nanoparticles was developed by combining colloidal sol‐gel and microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesis conditions and the subsequent thermal treatments were evaluated analyzing their effect on morphological, structural, and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The results indicated that the hybrid synthesis requires heating at temperature as low as 180°C for only 10 minutes. Therefore, this process is a feasible alternative method for obtaining nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. Subsequent thermal treatments led to the direct crystallization of the TiNb2O7 in the monoclinic phase, observing a direct correlation between the crystallinity and the photocatalytic activity: the higher the better.
Fos‐CreER‐based genetic mapping of forebrain regions activated by acupuncture
Authors: Guo Zhiling , Lin Xiaoxiao , Samaniego Tracy , Isreb Alexander , Cao Stacey , Malik Shaista , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcupuncture increasingly is accepted as a potential therapy for many diseases in the Western world. However, the mechanism of acupuncture is not well understood mechanistically. We have established that manual acupuncture (MA) at the Neiguan (P6) acupoint inhibits excitatory cardiovascular reflex responses through modulation of the autonomic nervous system in the brainstem. It is unclear whether P6 MA activates neurons in the brain regions beyond the brainstem. Thus, we mapped P6 specific neural activation by MA in the forebrain using the Fos‐CreER; Ai9 mice model, which allows for enhanced sensitivity and efficiency compared to conventional immunohistochemical staining. Compared to sham‐MA control without manual stimulation, we find that MA at P6 markedly increases c‐Fos positive neurons in a number of the forebrain regions (n = 5 in each group). These activated regions include accumbens nucleus, caudate putamen, claustrum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdaloid nucleus, ventral posterior division of the thalamic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, ectorhinal cortex, and dorsolateral entorhinal cortex. As MA at P6 activates neurons in relatively broad brain networks beyond the brainstem, our data suggest that acupuncture at this acupoint has the potential to influence physiological functions associated with autonomic and non‐autonomic nervous systems through its effects on multiple brain regions.
Disturbance regulates the density–body‐mass relationship of soil fauna
Authors: van Langevelde Frank , Comor Vincent , de Bie Steven , Prins Herbert H. T. , Thakur Madhav P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTheory on the density–body‐mass (DBM) relationship predicts that the density of animal species decreases by the power of −0.75 per unit increase in their body mass, or by the power of −1 when taxa across trophic levels are studied. This relationship is, however, largely debated, as the slope often deviates from the theoretical predictions. Here, we tested the ability of the DBM relationship to reflect changes in the structure of communities subjected to an anthropogenic disturbance. The slope would become less steep if smaller animals were more impacted by the disturbance than the larger ones, whereas the slope would become steeper if larger animals were more affected than the smaller ones. We tested the changes in the DBM relationship by sampling soil fauna, i.e., nematodes, Collembola, and larger arthropods, from a semiarid grassland before and after spraying diesel fuel as disturbance. We applied three different treatments: a control, a light disturbance, and an intense disturbance. We found that the slopes of the DBM relationships before the disturbance were around −1 as predicted by theory. The slope became more positive (i.e., less steep) just after the disturbance, especially after the intense disturbance as smaller fauna suffered the most and early colonizers had larger body mass. Interestingly, we observed that the slopes converged back to −1 by 2 months post‐disturbance. Our findings show that the response of soil fauna communities to anthropogenic disturbances could explain the large variation in observed slopes of the DBM relationships. We experimentally demonstrate that an animal community, when disturbed, shows a temporal pattern of DBM relationships ranging from deviations from the predicted slope to convergence to the predicted slope with time. We recommend that deviations in the DBM relationships after disturbances can provide insights in the trajectory of community recovery, and hence could be used for biomonitoring.
A distance map regularized CNN for cardiac cine MR image segmentation
Authors: Dangi Shusil , Linte Cristian A. , Yaniv Ziv 
Published: October 2019

PurposeCardiac image segmentation is a critical process for generating personalized models of the heart and for quantifying cardiac performance parameters. Fully automatic segmentation of the left ventricle (LV), the right ventricle (RV), and the myocardium from cardiac cine MR images is challenging due to variability of the normal and abnormal anatomy, as well as the imaging protocols. This study proposes a multi‐task learning (MTL)‐based regularization of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to obtain accurate segmenation of the cardiac structures from cine MR images.MethodsWe train a CNN network to perform the main task of semantic segmentation, along with the simultaneous, auxiliary task of pixel‐wise distance map regression. The network also predicts uncertainties associated with both tasks, such that their losses are weighted by the inverse of their corresponding uncertainties. As a result, during training, the task featuring a higher uncertainty is weighted less and vice versa. The proposed distance map regularizer is a decoder network added to the bottleneck layer of an existing CNN architecture, facilitating the network to learn robust global features. The regularizer block is removed after training, so that the original number of network parameters does not change. The trained network outputs per‐pixel segmentation when a new patient cine MR image is provided as an input.ResultsWe show that the proposed regularization method improves both binary and multi‐class segmentation performance over the corresponding state‐of‐the‐art CNN architectures. The evaluation was conducted on two publicly available cardiac cine MRI datasets, yielding average Dice coefficients of 0.84 ± 0.03 and 0.91 ± 0.04. We also demonstrate improved generalization performance of the distance map regularized network on cross‐dataset segmentation, showing as much as 42% improvement in myocardium Dice coefficient from 0.56 ± 0.28 to 0.80 ± 0.14.ConclusionsWe have presented a method for accurate segmentation of cardiac structures from cine MR images. Our experiments verify that the proposed method exceeds the segmentation performance of three existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. Furthermore, several cardiac indices that often serve as diagnostic biomarkers, specifically blood pool volume, myocardial mass, and ejection fraction, computed using our method are better correlated with the indices computed from the reference, ground truth segmentation. Hence, the proposed method has the potential to become a non‐invasive screening and diagnostic tool for the clinical assessment of various cardiac conditions, as well as a reliable aid for generating patient specific models of the cardiac anatomy for therapy planning, simulation, and guidance.
Postoperative imaging following fetal open myelomeningocele repair: The clinical utility of magnetic resonance imaging and sonographic amniotic fluid volumes in detecting suspected hysterotomy scar dehiscence
Authors: Seaman Rachel D. , Cassady Christopher I. , Yepez Donado Mayel C. , Espinoza Jimmy , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Nassr Ahmed A. , Whitehead William E. , Belfort Michael A. , Sanz Cortes Magdalena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesHysterotomy scar disruption, ranging from myometrial thinning to complete dehiscence, is a well‐established complication of open‐hysterotomy fetal myelomeningocele (MMC) repair. This study sought to (a) determine the feasibility of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting signs of hysterotomy scar disruption and (b) identify the sonographic and clinical signs suggestive of subacute scar dehiscence, including decreasing amniotic fluid index (AFI) and uterine contractions, respectively.MethosA unique index case of suspected hysterotomy dehiscence following MMC repair prompted a retrospective review of 31 total open‐hysterotomy fetal MMC repairs performed at our center, including 21 cases found to have intact hysterotomy scarring and 10 cases of non intact scarring detected at subsequent cesarean delivery. In each case, routine post operative MRI, performed 6 weeks after the MMC repair, was reviewed to evaluate the thickness of the hysterotomy site. Cases were also reviewed for sonographic and clinical patterns preceding delivery, including changes in AFI and the presence or absence of uterine contractions.ResultsOf the 31 total reviewed cases, 21 cases were found to have intact hysterotomy scar sites at the time of cesarean delivery. Among the intact cases, the net change in AFI from the time of MRI to delivery ranged from −45% to 47%, with a mean increase in fluid levels of 8% over an average of 5.6 weeks. The other 11 cases, including the index case, were found to have signs of scar disruption at delivery, including seven with thinned scar sites and four with grossly dehiscent sites. Amongst non‐intact cases, AFI predominately decreased, with a net change ranging from −56% to 9% for a mean change of −24% over an average of 5.4 weeks. Regular uterine contractions close to the time of delivery occurred in 82% of the non intact cases.ConclusionHysterotomy scar disruption can rarely be detected by MRI following MMC repair. Decreasing AFI and contractions may serve as early warning signs of scar dehiscence and should be taken into consideration for obstetric management.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Aerobic and Strengthening Exercises on Physical Function and Pain for Hip Osteoarthritis
Authors: Thompson Austin R. , Christopherson Zach , Marshall Lynn M. , Carlson Hans L. , Carlson Nels L. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundHip osteoarthritis (OA) limits lower extremity physical function. Exercise therapy may improve physical function and reduce pain in patients with hip OA.ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to measure the effect of a structured hip‐specific resistance and aerobic exercise program on physical function and self‐reported pain in adults with hip OA.DesignPilot RCT.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsThirty one adults with radiographic hip OA.InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to a 3‐month structured exercise intervention (n = 21) or a 3‐month waitlist control (n = 10).Main Outcome MeasuresThe 6‐minute walk test was the primary outcome measure. Self‐reported physical function was assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function subscale and pain visual analog scale (VAS). Measures of feasibility were assessed as secondary outcomes.ResultsFrom baseline to 3 months, the median change from baseline in distance covered during the 6‐minute walk test in the intervention group (49 m) was double that of the control group (22 m), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .13). Likewise, the WOMAC physical function subscale score median changes in the intervention group (5 points) were double that of the controls (2 points), although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .06). Median change in pain scores was slightly reduced in each group but not significantly different between groups (P = .53).ConclusionAlthough no statistically significant between‐group differences were found in this pilot RCT, improvements were seen in measures of physical function compared to controls. A larger RCT of this structured exercise program may be warranted.
Zwitterionic Nanohydrogels–Decorated Microporous Membrane with Ultrasensitive Salt Responsiveness for Controlled Water Transport
Authors: Wang Aqiang , Fang Wangxi , Zhang Jingya , Gao Shoujian , Zhu Yuzhang , Jin Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHighly sensitive responsiveness is vital for stimuli‐responsive membranes. However, it is a great challenge to fabricate stimuli‐responsive membranes with ultrahigh gating ratio (the ratio of the salt solution permeating flux to the pure water permeating flux) and high response speed simultaneously. In this work, a salt‐responsive membrane with an ultrahigh gating ratio is fabricated via a facile strategy by grafting zwitterionic nanohydrogels onto a poly(acrylic acid)‐grafting‐poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PAA‐g‐PVDF) microporous membrane. Due to the synergistic effect of two functional materials, PAA chains and zwitterionic nanohydrogels tethered on PAA chains, this stimuli‐responsive membrane exhibits an ultrasensitive salt responsiveness with a gating ratio of up to 8.76 times for Na+ ions, 89.6 times for Mg2+ ions, and 89.3 times for Ca2+ ions. In addition, such zwitterionic nanohydrogels–grafted PAA‐g‐PVDF (ZNG‐g‐PVDF) membranes exhibit very rapid responses to stimuli. The permeating flux changes swiftly while altering the feed solution in a continuous filtration process. The excellent salt‐responsive characteristics endow such a ZNG‐g‐PVDF membrane with great potential for applications like drug delivery, water treatment, and sensors.
Kupferlegierungen: Einsatz einer klassischen Werkstoffgruppe bei Sonderkonstruktionen
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Teich Martien 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBronze und Messing erfreuen sich in den vergangenen Jahren bei einer zunehmenden Zahl an Architekten, insbesondere in Nordamerika und Großbritannien, wieder einer Renaissance. Dabei ist die Verwendung von Kupferlegierungen schon lange Tradition im Bauwesen. Trotzdem gibt es gerade durch neue Fertigungsmethoden, wie der additiven Fertigung oder durch die Kombination aus Nachbearbeitung und Patinierung, vielfältige Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, die zu aufwendigen oder teilweise missverständlichen Diskussionen führen. Dieser Artikel fasst die Grundlagen zur Werkstoffgruppe, zu Normen und Verarbeitung zusammen, gibt mit ausgewählten Muster‐ und Projektbeispielen Einblick in aktuelle Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und schließt mit Erfahrungen ab, die bei der Auseinandersetzung mit der Werkstoffgruppe bei der Fassadenplanung gemacht wurden.
Auswertung von Ermüdungsversuchsdaten zur Überprüfung von Kerbfallklassen nach EC3‐1‐9
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Bartsch Helen , Kuhlmann Ulrike , Drebenstedt Karl , Ummenhofer Thomas , Seyfried Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Neuauswertung des Kerbfallkatalogs nach EC3‐1‐9. Zur konsistenten Kerbfallklassifizierung wurde zunächst eine geeignete statistische Methodik festgelegt. Als Grundlage für die Kerbfallauswertung dient eine strukturierte SQL‐gestützte Datenbank, die neben neueren und eigenen Versuchsdaten zunächst vor allem jene Ermüdungsversuchsdaten umfasst, die im Hintergrunddokument zum EC3‐1‐9 dokumentiert sind. Nach Selektion der aussagekräftigsten Versuchsdaten wurden wichtige Kerbdetails, wie bspw. verschiedene Ausführungsvarianten von Längsschweißnähten, neu ausgewertet. Außerdem wurden eigene Ermüdungsversuche in Verbindung mit numerischen Simulationen durchgeführt, um die Ermüdungsfestigkeit bestimmter Kerbdetails zukünftig zutreffender bewerten zu können. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die analysierten Details häufig höhere Ermüdungswiderstände aufweisen, als derzeit im EC3‐1‐9 dokumentiert ist.
Structural change, institutions and the dynamics of labor productivity in Europe
Authors: Pariboni Riccardo , Tridico Pasquale 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explain the reasons behind the dynamics of labor productivity (LP) growth during a process of institutional and structural change. We show - by means of a theoretical discussion and an empirical analysis, conducted on a sample of 25 European countries for the period 1995–2016 - that four main channels contribute to explaining the evolution of LP. First, the speed of investment, which incorporates innovation and favors an increase of LP growth; second, the speed of Research and Development (R&D), which allows for the creation of new ideas and shows the “dynamism of a society”, having positive effects on LP; third, the deregulation of labor markets and the increase of temporary employment, both of which encourage labor-intensive strategies by firms, with low value-added and low productivity gains; fourth, the direction of structural change, which can take place toward services industries affected by “Baumol’s disease”.
Hydrophobization of cotton fabric with silanes with different substituents
Authors: Makowski T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper hydrophobization of cotton fabric with a range of silanes, differing in number of chlorine atoms and in other substituents, was explored. The fabric modification was carried out in silane solutions in anhydrous toluene and in n-hexane. Water contact angles were measured to characterize hydrophili/phobicity of the modified fabrics. Surfaces of the fibers were analyzed using SEM, EDS and ATR-FTIR. Treatment with dichlorodimethylsilane, dichloro(methyl)phenylsilane, 3-chloropropylmethyldichlorosilane and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)dichloromethylsilane resulted in hydrophobization, whereas trimethylchlorosilane and 3-aminopropyl(diethoxy)methylsilane were inefficient. Mechanisms of coating with the silanes were proposed. Dielectric spectroscopy of the modified fabric demonstrated that resistance was sensitive to efficiency of reactions removing water from the cotton fibers.

Graphic abstract
Science Parks, talent attraction and stakeholder involvement: an international study
Authors: Cadorin Eduardo , Klofsten Magnus , Löfsten Hans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOne aspect of Science Parks development that has come into focus is the attraction of talent, which could include attracting specific expertise, making it easier for firms to be established and reach skilled workers. In order to encompass different contexts, both economic and cultural, a questionnaire was sent to 120 Science Parks, of which 59 (49%) replied. The study included 22 variables, including eleven independent variables according to Science Park stakeholders and characteristics when selecting talent for tenant firms, five control variables, and six variables of Science Park success dimensions. The results show that the characteristics of talent contribute to the park’s success. Universities are the primary source of talent, and the government has a critical role in promoting collaboration between firms and universities. Therefore, park managers should promote links with local universities and the student community as well as strengthen their relationship with government representatives at all levels to receive the necessary support for park development.
Veritism refuted? Understanding, idealization, and the facts
Authors: Nawar Tamer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElgin offers an influential and far-reaching challenge to veritism. She takes scientific understanding to be non-factive and maintains that there are epistemically useful falsehoods that figure ineliminably in scientific understanding and whose falsehood is no epistemic defect. Veritism, she argues, cannot account for these facts. This paper argues that while Elgin rightly draws attention to several features of epistemic practices frequently neglected by veritists, veritists have numerous plausible ways of responding to her arguments. In particular, it is not clear that false propositional commitments figure ineliminably in understanding in the manner supposed by Elgin. Moreover, even if scientific understanding were non-factive and false propositional commitments did figure ineliminably in understanding, the veritist can account for this in several ways without thereby abandoning veritism.
A predictive processing theory of motivation
Authors: Miller Tate Alex James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper I propose minimal criteria for a successful theory of the mechanisms of motivation (i.e. how motivational mental states perform their characteristic function), and argue that extant philosophical accounts fail to meet them. Further, I argue that a predictive processing (PP) framework gives us the theoretical power to meet these criteria, and thus ought to be preferred over existing theories. The argument proceeds as follows—motivational mental states are generally understood as mental states with the power to initiate, guide, and control action, though few existing theories of motivation explicitly detail how they are meant to explain these functions. I survey two contemporary theories of motivational mental states, due to Wayne Wu and Bence Nanay, and argue that they fail to satisfactorily explain one or more of these functions. Nevertheless, I argue that together, they are capable of giving a strong account of the control function, which competing theories ought to preserve (all else being equal). I then go on to argue that what I call the ‘predictive theory’ of motivational mental states, which makes use of the notion of active inference, is able to explain all three of the key functions and preserves the central insights of Wu and Nanay on control. It thus represents a significant step forward in the contemporary debate.