bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors and Outcomes of Revisits in Older Adults Discharged from the Emergency Department
Authors: de Gelder Jelle , Lucke Jacinta A. , de Groot Bas , Fogteloo Anne J. , Anten Sander , Heringhaus Christian , Dekkers Olaf M. , Blauw Gerard J. , Mooijaart Simon P. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo study predictors of emergency department (ED) revisits and the association between ED revisits and 90‐day functional decline or mortality.DesignMulticenter cohort study.SettingOne academic and two regional Dutch hospitals.ParticipantsOlder adults discharged from the ED (N=1,093).MeasurementsAt baseline, data on demographic characteristics, illness severity, and geriatric parameters (cognition, functional capacity) were collected. All participants were prospectively followed for an unplanned revisit within 30 days and for functional decline and mortality 90 days after the initial visit.ResultsThe median age was 79 (interquartile range 74–84), and 114 participants (10.4%) had an ED revisit within 30 days of discharge. Age (hazard ratio (HR)=0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.92–0.99), male sex (HR=1.61, 95% CI=1.05–2.45), polypharmacy (HR=2.06, 95% CI=1.34–3.16), and cognitive impairment (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.02–2.88) were independent predictors of a 30‐day ED revisit. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict an ED revisit was 0.65 (95% CI=0.60–0.70). In a propensity score–matched analysis, individuals with an ED revisit were at higher risk (odds ratio=1.99 95% CI=1.06–3.71) of functional decline or mortality.ConclusionAge, male sex, polypharmacy, and cognitive impairment were independent predictors of a 30‐day ED revisit, but no useful clinical prediction model could be developed. However, an early ED revisit is a strong new predictor of adverse outcomes in older adults.
A Better Trigger: Indices for Insurance
Authors: Teh Tse‐Ling , Woolnough Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndex triggers have enabled the extension of insurance to a wide range of risks, by providing a simple mechanism to determine payment. However, the resulting coverage generates basis risk, the variability over time in the level of insurance payouts relative to the level of losses. We analyze basis risk to rank binary and multivalue indices for any risk‐averse individual. Our ranking provides methods to select an index that is optimal for a heterogeneous group and illustrates that higher correlation between loss and index, does not necessarily equate to a better index.
Preparation of large Stardust aluminum foil craters for analysis
Authors: Wozniakiewicz Penelope J. , Kearsley Anton T. , Burchell Mark J. , Price Mark C. , Ishii Hope A. , Cole Michael J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOver the last decade, silica aerogel tracks and aluminum foil craters on the Stardust collector have been studied extensively to determine the nature of captured cometary dust grains. Analysis of particles captured in aerogel has been developed to a fine art, aided by sophisticated preparation techniques, and yielding revolutionary knowledge of comet dust mineralogy. The Stardust foil craters can be interpreted in terms of impacting particle size and structure, but almost all studies of composition for their contents have relied on in situ analysis techniques or relatively destructive extraction of materials. This has limited their examination and interpretation. However, numerous experimental hypervelocity impact studies under Stardust‐Wild 2 encounter conditions have shown that abundant dust components are preserved in foil craters of all sizes. Using some of these analogue materials, we have previously shown that modern, nondestructive scanning electron microscope imaging and X‐ray microanalysis techniques can document distribution of dust remnants both quickly and thoroughly within foil craters prior to any preparation. Here we present findings from our efforts to quantify the amount of residue and demonstrate a simple method of crater shape modification which can bring material into positions where it is much more accessible for in situ analysis, or safe removal of small subsamples. We report that approximately 50% of silicate‐dominated impactors were retained as impact crater residue; however, <3% of organic impactors remained in the craters after impact.
Relationship of nurses’ intrapersonal characteristics with work performance and caring behaviors: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Geyer Nelouise‐Marié , Coetzee Siedine K. , Ellis Suria M. , Uys Leana R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to describe intrapersonal characteristics (professional values, personality, empathy, and job involvement), work performance as perceived by nurses, and caring behaviors as perceived by patients, and to examine the relationships among these variables. A cross‐sectional design was employed. A sample was recruited of 218 nurses and 116 patients in four private hospitals and four public hospitals. Data were collected using self‐report measures. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, hierarchical linear modelling, correlations, and structural equation modeling. Nurses perceived their work performance to be of high quality. Among the intrapersonal characteristics, nurses had high scores for professional values, and moderately high scores for personality, empathy and job involvement. Patients perceived nurses' caring behaviors as moderately high. Professional values of nurses were the only selected intrapersonal characteristic with a statistically significant positive relationship, of practical importance, with work performance as perceived by nurses and with caring behaviors as perceived by patients at ward level. Managers can enhance nurses' work performance and caring behaviors through provision of in‐service training that focuses on development of professional values.
Research frontiers for improving our understanding of drought‐induced tree and forest mortality
Authors: Hartmann Henrik , Moura Catarina F. , Anderegg William R. L. , Ruehr Nadine K. , Salmon Yann , Allen Craig D. , Arndt Stefan K. , Breshears David D. , Davi Hendrik , Galbraith David , Ruthrof Katinka X. , Wunder Jan , Adams Henry D. , Bloemen Jasper , Cailleret Maxime , Cobb Richard , Gessler Arthur , Grams Thorsten E. E. , Jansen Steven , Kautz Markus , Lloret Francisco , O'Brien Michael 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAccumulating evidence highlights increased mortality risks for trees during severe drought, particularly under warmer temperatures and increasing vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Resulting forest die‐off events have severe consequences for ecosystem services, biophysical and biogeochemical land–atmosphere processes. Despite advances in monitoring, modelling and experimental studies of the causes and consequences of tree death from individual tree to ecosystem and global scale, a general mechanistic understanding and realistic predictions of drought mortality under future climate conditions are still lacking. We update a global tree mortality map and present a roadmap to a more holistic understanding of forest mortality across scales. We highlight priority research frontiers that promote: (1) new avenues for research on key tree ecophysiological responses to drought; (2) scaling from the tree/plot level to the ecosystem and region; (3) improvements of mortality risk predictions based on both empirical and mechanistic insights; and (4) a global monitoring network of forest mortality. In light of recent and anticipated large forest die‐off events such a research agenda is timely and needed to achieve scientific understanding for realistic predictions of drought‐induced tree mortality. The implementation of a sustainable network will require support by stakeholders and political authorities at the international level.
Property Rights, Predation, and Productivity*
Authors: del Río Fernando 
Published: February 2018

AbstractI develop a neoclassical growth model with imperfect property rights in which predation entails both waste of resources and deadweight losses. According to the model, in the United States, the welfare costs of crime represent a loss of 18.6 percent of consumption per capita. This loss is 57.8 percent for a country in the average of the last decile of the distribution of an index of business costs of crime across 94 countries. An increase of one standard deviation in the institutional quality index increases GDP per worker by 23 percent for a country in the average of the last decile of its distribution.
Identifying N+N compounding in Modern Standard Arabic and Jordanian Arabic
Authors: Altakhaineh Abdel Rahman Mitib 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aims to identify types of compounds in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Jordanian Arabic (JA) by applying the cross‐linguistic criteria for compoundhood discussed in the relevant literature, with a special focus on English and Hebrew. These criteria – orthographic, phonological, syntactic and semantic in nature – have been proposed to make a distinction between compounds and phrases cross‐linguistically. The analysis reveals that the most reliable cross‐linguistic criteria to distinguish between compounds and phrases in MSA and JA are adjacency and referentiality. With regard to the former criterion, no intervening elements can be inserted between the head and the non‐head of compounds, whilst such insertion is allowed in phrases. With regard to the latter criterion, the non‐head of a compound is normally non‐referential, whereas the non‐head of a phrase is always referential. Other criteria have been found to be partially applicable, e.g. compositionality, possibilities for modification and coordination, and free pluralisation of the non‐head. In this study, I also suggest two reliable criteria that are exclusive to Arabic, or potentially Semitic languages in general. The first criterion is the appearance/absence of the possessive marker li‐/la ‘for/of’ when the first element is definite. The second criterion deals with the appearance/absence of the possessive marker li‐/la ‘for/of’ when the first element is preceded by a cardinal number. The study concludes with recommendations for further research.
Draft Genome Sequence of Plant Growth-Promoting and Drought-Tolerant Bacillus altitudinis FD48, Isolated from Rice Phylloplane
Authors: Kumaravel Sowmya , Thankappan Sugitha , Raghupathi Sridar , Uthandi Sivakumar 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of a temperature-tolerant strain,
Bacillus altitudinis
FD48, is described here. The reads were assembled into contigs with a total size of 3.7 Mb. The genome information will aid in understanding its role in alleviating stress in crop plants as a potential bioinoculant for agricultural applications.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus aerius TR0125, Isolated from the High Atmosphere above Japan
Authors: Satoh Katsuya , Arai Hiroki , Sanzen Toshihiko , Kawaguchi Yuko , Hayashi Hidenori , Yokobori Shin-ichi , Yamagishi Akihiko , Oono Yutaka , Narumi Issay 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Deinococcus aerius
strain TR0125 is a bacterium isolated from the high atmosphere above Japan that shows strong resistance to desiccation, UV-C, and gamma radiation. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
D. aerius
(4.5 Mb), which may provide useful genetic information supporting its biochemical features.
Genome Sequences of Two Single-Stranded DNA Viruses Identified in
Varroa destructor
Authors: Kraberger Simona , Visnovsky Gabriel A. , van Toor Ron F. , Male Maketalena F. , Waits Kara , Fontenele Rafaela S. , Varsani Arvind 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Varroa destructor
is a ubiquitous and parasitic mite of honey bees, infecting them with pathogenic viruses having a major impact on apiculture. We identified two novel circular replication-associated protein (Rep)-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses from
V. destructor
sampled from a honey bee hive near Christchurch in New Zealand.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces sp. Strain DH-12, a Soilborne Isolate from the Thar Desert with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Jiao Junjing , Paterson Julia , Busche Tobias , Rückert Christian , Kalinowski Jörn , Harwani Dharmesh , Gross Harald 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Strain DH-12 exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The 7.6-Mb draft genome sequence gives insight into the complete secondary metabolite production capacity and reveals genes putatively responsible for its antibacterial activity, as well as genes which enable the survival of the organism in an extreme arid environment.
More medicines for children: impact of the EU paediatric regulation
Authors: Nordenmalm Sofia , Tomasi Paolo , Pallidis Chrissi 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionThis paper focuses on the authorisation of new medicines, new indications and new pharmaceutical forms or strengths for use in children and also on the availability of paediatric information in the product information of centrally authorised medicinal products following the enforcement of the Paediatric Regulation on 26 January 2007.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the Paediatric Regulation has led to more medicines available for children in the European Union (EU) and if more information on paediatric use is now available in the product information of medicines authorised via the centralised procedure.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed the centrally authorised medicinal products in the EU that had an approval for an initial marketing authorisation, a type II variation, or a line extension during the years 2004–2006 and 2012–2014. Medicinal products not subjected to the obligations of the Paediatric Regulation were excluded.ResultsIn 2004–2006, 20 new medicines and 10 new indications were centrally authorised for paediatric use compared with 26 new medicines and 37 new indications in 2012–2014. The number of medicines with a new pharmaceutical form or strength for use in children was eight in 2004–2006 and seven in 2012–2014. There was a huge increase in the number of products with changes of paediatric relevance in the summary of product characteristics in 2012–2014 compared with 2004–2006.ConclusionsThe entry into force of the Paediatric Regulation has had a positive impact on paediatric drug development with more medicines available for children in the EU and substantially more information available for clinicians on paediatric use in the product information.
Estimating the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia, Spain: descriptive and comparative data analysis to identify differences in MSM stratified by migrant and Spanish-born population
Authors: Reyes-Urueña Juliana Maria , Campbell Colin N J , Vives Núria , Esteve Anna , Ambrosioni Juan , Tural Cristina , Ferrer Elena , Navarro Gemma , Force Lluis , García Isabel , Masabeu Àngels , Vilaró Josep M , García de Olalla Patricia , Caylà Joan Artur , Miró Josep M , Casabona Jordi 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveUndiagnosed HIV continues to be a hindrance to efforts aimed at reducing incidence of HIV. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia and compare the HIV care cascade with this step included between high-risk populations.MethodsTo estimate HIV incidence, time between infection and diagnosis and the undiagnosed population stratified by CD4 count, we used the ECDC HIV Modelling Tool V.1.2.2. This model uses data on new HIV and AIDS diagnoses from the Catalan HIV/AIDS surveillance system from 2001 to 2013. Data used to estimate the proportion of people enrolled, on ART and virally suppressed in the HIV care cascade were derived from the PISCIS cohort.ResultsThe total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Catalonia in 2013 was 34 729 (32 740 to 36 827), with 12.3% (11.8 to 18.1) of whom were undiagnosed. By 2013, there were 8458 (8101 to 9079) Spanish-born men who have sex with men (MSM) and 2538 (2334 to 2918) migrant MSM living with HIV in Catalonia. A greater proportion of migrant MSM than local MSM was undiagnosed (32% vs 22%). In the subsequent steps of the HIV care cascade, migrants MSM experience greater losses than the Spanish-born MSM: in retention in care (74% vs 55%), in the proportion on combination antiretroviral treatment (70% vs 50%) and virally suppressed (65% vs 46%).ConclusionsBy the end of 2013, there were an estimated 34 729 PLHIV in Catalonia, of whom 4271 were still undiagnosed. This study shows that the Catalan epidemic of HIV has continued to expand with the key group sustaining HIV transmission being MSM living with undiagnosed HIV.
Danish Observational Study of Eldercare work and musculoskeletal disorderS (DOSES): a prospective study at 20 nursing homes in Denmark
Authors: Karstad Kristina , Jørgensen Anette F B , Greiner Birgit A , Burdorf Alex , Søgaard Karen , Rugulies Reiner , Holtermann Andreas 
Published: February 2018

PurposeMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), sickness absence and premature retirement are highly prevalent among eldercare workers. We conducted a prospective observational workplace study with the main purpose to investigate longitudinal associations between physical and psychosocial working conditions and occurrence of MSD and its consequences (pain-related interference with daily work activities and sickness absence) among Danish eldercare workers.ParticipantsAt 20 Danish nursing homes, a total of 941 eldercare workers employed in day and evening shifts were invited to the study. Of those, 553 participated in the baseline measurements, and 441 completed the total period of 12 months follow-up.Findings to dateData were collected from September 2013 to January 2016. Physical and psychosocial working conditions were assessed with multiple methods (observations, accelerometer measurements and work schedules), and multiple levels of information (nursing home, ward, resident and eldercare worker) were incorporated in the data collection. MSD and the consequences hereof were assessed monthly during a 1-year follow-up. Study participants and non-participants were comparable on most of the 27 sociodemographic, health and working condition characteristics at baseline. The exceptions were higher neck–shoulder pain intensity, less sickness absence, more exposure to negative behaviour from residents and a higher percentage of working day shifts and fewer evening shifts among participants compared with non-participants.Future plansThe first publications will report on the associations of physical and psychosocial working conditions with occurrence of MSD and its consequences. In addition, the cohort gives the opportunity to investigate the importance of organisational, management and team factors for distribution of physical work demands and development of MSD among the workers. This will provide important knowledge for future workplace interventions to reduce MSD and sickness absence.
Sensorimotor control of the trunk in sitting sway referencing
Authors: Goodworth Adam D. , Tetreault Kimberly , Lanman Jeffrey , Klidonas Tate , Kim Seyoung , Saavedra Sandra 
Published: February 2018

We developed a sway-referenced system for sitting to highlight the role of vestibular and visual contributions to trunk control. Motor control was investigated by measuring trunk kinematics in the frontal plane while manipulating visual availability and introducing a concurrent cognitive task. We examined motor learning on three timescales (within the same trial, minutes), within the same test session (1 h), and between sessions (1 wk). Posture sway was analyzed through time-based measures [root mean square (RMS) sway and RMS velocity], frequency-based measures (amplitude spectra), and parameterized feedback modeling. We found that posture differed in both magnitude and frequency distribution during sway referencing compared with quiet sitting. Modeling indicated that sway referencing caused greater uncertainty/noise in sensory feedback and motor outputs. Sway referencing was also associated with lower active stiffness and damping model parameters. The influence of vision and a cognitive task was more apparent during sway referencing compared with quiet sitting. Short-term learning was reflected by reduced RMS velocity in quiet sitting immediately following sway referencing. Longer term learning was evident from one week to the next, with a 23% decrease in RMS sway and 9% decrease in RMS velocity. These changes occurred predominantly during cognitive tests at lower frequencies and were associated with lower sensory noise and higher stiffness and integral gains in the model. With the findings taken together, the sitting sway-referenced test elicited neural changes consistent with optimal integration and sensory reweighting, similar to standing, and should be a valuable tool to closely examine sensorimotor control of the trunk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed the first sway-referenced system for sitting to highlight the role of vestibular and visual contributions to trunk control. A parametric feedback model explained sensorimotor control and motor learning in the task with and between two test sessions. The sitting sway-referenced test elicited neural changes consistent with optimal integration and sensory reweighting, similar to standing, and should be a valuable tool to closely examine sensorimotor control of the trunk.
Zeb1 in Stromal Myofibroblasts Promotes Kras-Driven Development of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Sangrador Irene , Molero Xavier , Campbell Fiona , Franch-Expósito Sebastià , Rovira-Rigau Maria , Samper Esther , Domínguez-Fraile Manuel , Fillat Cristina , Castells Antoni , Vaquero Eva C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The transcription factor Zeb1 has been identified as a crucial player in Kras-dependent oncogenesis. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), Zeb1 is highly expressed in myofibroblasts and correlates with poor prognosis. As Kras mutations are key drivers in PDAC, we aimed here to assess the necessity of Zeb1 for Kras-driven PDAC and to define the role of Zeb1-expressing myofibroblasts in PDAC development. Genetically engineered mice with conditional pancreatic KrasG12D and Trp53 mutations (KPC) were crossed with Zeb1 haploinsufficient mice (Z+/−). Extensive PDAC was prominent in all 20-week-old KPC;Z+/+ mice, whereas only low-grade precursor lesions were detected in age-matched KPC;Z+/− littermates, with PDAC developing eventually in KPC;Z+/− aged animals. Zeb1 expression in myofibroblasts occurred early in tumorigenesis and Zeb1 haploinsufficiency retarded native expansion of stromal myofibroblasts during precursor-to-cancer progression. Zeb1 downregulation in mPSC repressed their activated gene profile, impaired their migratory and proliferative activity, and attenuated their tumor-supporting features. Conditioned media from Z+/+ mouse-activated (myofibroblast-like) pancreatic stellate cells (mPSC) boosted Ras activity in pancreatic cancer cells carrying mutant Kras; this effect was not observed when using conditioned media from Z+/− mPSC, revealing a paracrinal cooperative axis between Zeb1-expressing PSC and oncogenic Kras-bearing tumor cells. We conclude that Zeb1-expressing stromal myofibroblasts enable a heterotypic collaboration with the Kras-fated epithelial compartment, thus supporting pancreatic malignancy.
Significance: Zeb1 expression in stromal myofibroblasts supports PDAC development via collaboration with the epithelial compartment bearing oncogenic Kras mutations. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2624–37. ©2018 AACR.