bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and prognosticators of stage 4 renal cell carcinoma with pathological T4 primary lesion using a large Canadian multi-institutional database
Authors: Oake Justin D. , Patel Premal , Lavallée Luke T. , Lattouf Jean-Baptiste , Saarela Olli , Klotz Laurence , Moore Ronald B. , Kapoor Anil , Finelli Antonio , Rendon Ricardo A. , Kawakami Jun , So Alan , Drachenberg Darrel E. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate outcomes and prognosticators in patients who underwent radical nephrectomy (RN) or cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), depending on the clinical stage of disease preoperatively, with a pathological T4 (pT4) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) outcome. There is little data on the outcome of this specific subset of patients.
Methods: From 2009‒2016, we identified patients in the Canadian Kidney Cancer information system (CKCis) who underwent RN or CN and were found to have pT4 RCC. Clinical, operative, and pathological variables were analyzed with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with overall survival (OS). Survival curves were created using Kaplan-Meier methods and compared using the log-rank test.
Results: A total of 82 patients were included in the study cohort. Median patient age was 62 years (interquartile range [IQR] 55, 70). The majority of patients had clear-cell histology, 50 (61%), and 14 (17%) had sarcomatoid characteristics. Median followup was 12 months (IQR 3, 24). At last followup, eight (10%) patients are alive with no evidence of disease, 27 (33%) are alive with disease, four (5%) were lost to followup, 36 (44%) died of disease, and seven (8%) died of other causes. Tumor histologic subtype (clear-cell vs. non-clear-cell) (p=0.0032), larger tumor size (cm) (p=0.012), and Fuhrman grade (G4 vs. G2‒G3) (p=0.045) were significantly associated with mortality in a multivariable Cox regression model.
Conclusions: For patients with pT4 RCC after RN or CN, survival is poor. Sarcomatoid features, non-clear-cell histology, and presence of systemic symptoms were associated with worse OS.
Origin of the piezoresistance effects in p-type silicon at high temperature
Authors: Matsuda Kazunori , Nagaoka Shiro , Kajiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
It is shown that not only the hole transfer between the decoupled two valence bands but also the stress-dependent hole effective mass is critical to the explanation of the origin of piezoresistance effects in p-type silicon. The difference between the density-of-state effective masses of heavy hole and light hole bands, which have been assumed equivalent in the decoupled two-band model reported previously, is shown to play an important role in the piezoresistance effects of p-type silicon at room temperature.
Visualization of the grain structure in the filament cross sections
of uniaxially textured high J
c Bi-2223
tapes
Authors: Kametani Fumitake , Oloye T. Abiola , Jiang Jianyi , Osabe Goro , Kobayashi Shinichi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, we extensively used electron backscatter diffraction orientation
imaging microscopy to visualize the grain structure in the flat-rolled
(Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O
x

(Bi-2223) tapes. The thermomechanical process made the grains’
c-axes oriented normal to the tape surface. The 24%
difference in critical current density J
c was caused
by the ∼5° difference in the degree of out-of-plane texture. Although
the in-plane orientations are not controlled, the Bi-2223 grains can form the
domains, each of which consists of the grains with similar in-plane orientation.
Controlling the domain formation could be the next protocol to raise the
J
c of Bi-2223 tapes.
Benzyl alcohol – Method for the determination of benzyl alcohol in workplace air using gas chromatography after thermal desorption [Air Monitoring Methods, 2018]
Authors: Tschickardt M. , Krämer W. , Schmitt R. , Hebisch R. , Brock T.H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2019

Abstract

This analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of benzyl alcohol [
100‐51‐6
] in workplace air in a concentration range of one tenth up to twice the currently valid MAK value of 22 mg/m
3
. With this method simultaneously airborne benzyl alcohol in the gaseous state as well as particles are collected. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a quartz fibre filter located in the sampling head with an adsorption tube filled with Tenax TA® connected downstream using a suitable pump. The flow rate is set to 0.066 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of approx. 4 litres. The collected benzyl alcohol is thermally desorbed and then analysed by means of gas chromatography using two detectors, a FID for quantification and a MSD to recognise potential interferences. The quantitative determination is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a multi‐point calibration. The limit of quantification is 0.24 mg/m
3
based on an air sample of approx. 4 litres.
Magnetoresistance and Spinterface of Organic Spin Valves Based on Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymers
Authors: Zheng Yuanhui , Feng Yaqing , Gao Dong , Zheng Naihang , Li Dong , Jiang Litong , Wang Xiang , Jin Kuijuan , Yu Gui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrganic materials are proposed to be excellent spin transport layers due to their weak hyperfine and spin–orbit coupling interaction. Donor−acceptor‐type polymers PTDCNTVT‐420 and PTDCNTVT‐320 with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) units are employed as the spacers in the organic spin valves, which have more advantages such as solution processing, higher mobility, and large area fabrication. The performance of polymers spin valves based on DPP units with different alkyl side chain lengths are studied. The different top ferromagnetic (FM) electrodes Co and Ni80Fe20 are used for spin detection resulting in obvious distinct magnetoresistance (MR) values. The MR ratio of approaching 30% at 10 K is achieved with the Ni80Fe20 electrodes using PTDCNTVT‐420 with longer alkyl side chain lengths. Moreover, the MR behaviors are observed depending on various temperatures, which are related with the FM electrodes spin injection efficiency. The direct spinterface are also investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, the series of results indicate that the PTDCNTVT polymers can be used as good spin transport model materials and give clues for future polymers spintronic studies.
With a Spirit that Understands: Reflections on a Long‐term Community Science Initiative to End Suicide in Alaska
Authors: Rasmus Stacy M. , Charles Billy , John Simeon , Allen James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis retrospective analysis of a long‐term community‐based participatory research (CBPR) process spans over two decades of work with Alaska Native communities. A call to action from Alaska Native leadership to create more effective strategies to prevent and treat youth suicide and alcohol misuse risk initiated a response from university researchers. This CBPR process transformed into a collaborative effort to indigenously drive and develop solutions through research. The People Awakening project started our team on this translational and transformational pathway through community intervention science in the Central Yup'ik region of Alaska. We examine more deeply the major episodes and their successes and struggles in maintaining a long‐term research relationship between university researchers and members of Yup'ik Alaska Native communities. We explore ways that our CBPR relationship has involved negotiation and engagement with power and praxis, to deepen and focus attention to knowledge systems and relational elements. This paper examines these deeper, transformative elements of our CBPR relationship that spans histories, cultures, and systems. Our discussion shares vignettes from academic and community perspectives to describe process in a unique collaboration, reaching to sometimes touch upon rare ground in emotions, tensions, and triumphs over the course of a dozen grants and twice as many years. We conclude by noting how there are points where, in a long‐term CBPR relationship, transition out of emergence into coalescing and transformation can occur.
Extent of maxillary sinus surgery and its effect on instrument access, irrigation penetration, and disease clearance
Authors: Govindaraju Revadi , Cherian Lisa , Macias‐Valle Luis , Murphy Jae , Gouzos Michael , Vreugde Sarah , Wormald Peter John , Bassiouni Ahmed , Psaltis Alkis James 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundMiddle meatal antrostomy (MMA) provides limited access to the anteromedial and inferior aspect of the maxillary sinus (MS) often resulting in residual disease and inflammatory burden. Newer extended procedures, such as mega‐antrostomy (Mega‐A) and extended modified mega‐antrostomy (EMMA), have been developed to address this limitation. This study assesses the effect of varying extent of MS surgery on irrigation penetration and access of instrumentation.MethodsThe MS of 5 fresh‐frozen cadavers were sequentially dissected. Irrigation was evaluated with a squeeze bottle (SB) in different head positions and using different volumes of fluid. Surgical reach and visualization were examined using common sinus instruments and different angled endoscopes. A disease simulation was also performed to check for residual debris after instrumentation and irrigations.ResultsIrrigation penetration improved as antrostomy size increased (p< 0.0001), with a significant difference observed between the extended procedures and MMA. The effect of the volume was significant for SB (p< 0.0001) but head positions appeared irrelevant (p= 0.613). Overall visualization improved for Mega‐A and EMMA. A similar trend was seen for the reach of the instruments to all sinus wall subsites. EMMA facilitated the most removal of “sinus disease” in the disease simulation model when compared with both MMA and Mega‐A, due to its reach of the anteroinferior aspects of the maxillary sinus.ConclusionsHigh‐volume irrigation using SB achieved good sinus penetration, irrespective of head position. Extended MS procedures appear to further increase irrigation penetration as well as surgical access.
ONO pincer palladium (II) complexes featuring furoylhydrazone ligands: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity towards Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Qian Hengyu , Yu Shuyan , Song Liping , Zhang Tongyan , Yin Zhigang , Zhao Feng , Yang Jiale , Wang Caihong 
Published: July 2019

Four new palladium pincer complexes incorporating ONO type furoylhydrazone ligands have been prepared in good yields. These palladium complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra. X‐ray single crystal analyses of Pd1–Pd4 revealed that the metal center adopted a slightly distorted square planar geometry in which the hydrazone bound the metal ion via the phenolic‐O, azomethine‐N and imidolate‐O atoms. Using these ONO pincer complexes as catalyst, excellent yields of biaryls could be obtained for coupling of arylboronic acids with aryl bromides at a low catalyst loading (0.01 mol%).
Experimental study of falling film flow characteristics outside shaped tubes related to a spiral‐wound heat exchanger
Authors: Liu Liang , Sun Chongzheng , Li Yuxing , Han Hui , Gu Xingyuan , Wang Guocong , Zhou Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the falling film flow and the effects of the marine inclination on the shell‐side flow pattern outside the sinusoidal corrugated tube and the square‐corrugated tube related to a spiral‐wound heat exchanger are experimentally studied using n‐pentane as the testing fluid. The flow field phenomenon and the film thickness are investigated with the utilization of high‐speed camera technology. The results show that the critical Re of the flow regime transition of the falling film outside the square‐corrugated and sinusoidal corrugated tubes is quite different from the critical Re of the flow regime transition of the falling film outside the horizontal circular tube. The tube shape has a certain impact on the falling film flow characteristics. Moreover, under the inclination conditions, the liquid column and liquid film will move toward the inclined side. The resistance ability of the inclination of the square‐corrugated tube is better than the resistance ability of the sinusoidal corrugated tube due to the dragging effect.
Analytical Resolution of the Dark Night Sky (Olbers') Paradox
Authors: Harari Zaki 
Published: July 2019

We derive a spatiotemporal analytical resolution of the dark night sky, or Olbers' paradox, first showing that in an infinitely large universe the cumulative solid angle of the light that is projected upon the celestial sphere by an infinite population of directly observable stars is indeed finite. Using the GAIA DR2 data, we show that the number radial density of the stars that are directly visible has a radial distribution that is quasi‐unimodal, and that such a radial distribution is constrained by the inverse square law, which asymptotically limits the magnitude of the cumulative solid angle of the light that is projected upon the celestial sphere. Second, we show that the temporal summation parameter of the imaging device that samples the celestial sphere projection further limits the cumulative apparent brightness of the image formed on the detector surface of the imaging device. The unaided human eye is a biological imaging device, which in the mode of achromatic dim light sensing known as scotopic vision, has a short temporal summation window of approximately 650 ms, which is determined by retinal photochemistry (Holmes et al., Vision Res., 2017, 140, 33–43; Lamb & Pugh Jr, Prog. Retin. Eye Res., 2004, 23(3), 307–380). This short temporal summation window makes the eye act as a high‐pass power filter, making it incapable of rendering visible those stars that project an apparent brightness below a certain threshold. We show analytically that astronomical objects that individually have an apparent brightness mG > 8 will not contribute to the cumulative apparent brightness of the night sky as seen with the fully dark‐adapted unaided eye under ideal seeing conditions, even when the celestial sphere is tiled completely with an infinite number of such faint objects. Using numerical simulations, we also show that a large‐scale homogeneous star field and a Galactic‐scale inhomogeneous field project collectively a cumulative apparent brightness upon the human retina that is approximately 100 million times fainter than the apparent brightness of the Sun. We show that the cumulative solid angle projected by all the unaided eye visible stars is approximately 5.95×10−13 sr, and the asymptotic cumulative solid angle limiting distance is approximately 2 kpc, which is the radial distance beyond which no significant increase in the cumulative apparent brightness of the night sky can be detected with the unaided eye, even in a large‐scale homogeneous and infinitely large universe with an infinite number of stars.
A right atrial fat ball: Rare case of cardiac lipoma
Authors: Bath Anandbir Singh , Gupta Vishal , Kalavakunta Jagadeesh K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDue to varied presentation, a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis of cardiac lipoma. Treatment should only be reserved for symptomatic patients. This case acknowledges the importance of cardiac MRI in making the diagnosis of cardiac lipoma and further delineating the management options available.
Influence of Reaction Conditions on the Conversion of Methane‐Rich Gases to Fischer‐Tropsch Products
Authors: Schulz Linus Andreas , Selinsek Manuel , Wild Cornelia , Pfeifer Peter , Böltken Tim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvidence is provided that stable operation of a microstructured reactor for steam‐assisted catalytic partial oxidation (sCPOX) and its subsequent coupling with a Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reactor is possible at pressures up to 25 bar. The product composition of the sCPOX was determined and subsequently used as feed composition for a downstream FTS reactor to prove the possibility of coupling with syngas generation. After stable operation was proven in both setups, they were coupled and operated together, feeding the product gas stream of the sCPOX to the FTS. In addition, the negative influence of sulfur in the sCPOX‐gas feed was evaluated.
Differences in beliefs about mood between people with and without bipolar disorder
Authors: Robinson Heather , Jones Steven , Fanshawe Thomas , Lobban Fiona 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsychological models of bipolar disorder (BD), such as the self‐regulation model (SRM; Leventhal, Nerenz, & Steele, 1984), highlight the crucial role of beliefs about mood in relapse vulnerability. To date, no studies have directly compared these beliefs between people with and without BD. Based on the SRM, the current research examined beliefs about mood in people with and without BD and explored the impact of current affect on these beliefs. Fifty euthymic people with a diagnosis of BD and 50 controls were recruited through an online screening study, clinical services, and support organizations. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was used to assess beliefs (according to the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire; Broadbent, Petrie, Main, & Weinman, 2006) across a typical week of everyday life. Data were analysed using multilevel modelling. Forty‐two people with a diagnosis of BD and 50 controls were included in the analyses. Results indicated that the BD group reported less control over mood, a shorter duration of mood, and less understanding of mood and were more likely to report the cause of depressive symptoms as something internal, compared with controls. When controlling for current affect, the BD group also reported more positive consequences, made more internal attributions for hypomanic symptoms, and reported less concern about mood, compared with controls. Findings suggest important differences in beliefs about mood between people with and without BD that are not the result of current affect. These beliefs may be particularly important in understanding underlying vulnerability to future relapse into depression and/or mania.
Bayesian estimation and prediction for Burr‐Rayleigh mixture model using censored data
Authors: Noor Farzana , Sajid Ahthasham , Shah Syed Bilal Hussain , Zaman Mehwish , Gheisari Mehdi , Mariappan Vinayagam 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this study, Burr‐XII and Rayleigh distributions are combined to form a new mixture model that is considered to model heterogeneous data. Our objective is to estimate parameters of the proposed mixture model using Bayesian technique under type‐I censoring. Bayesian parameter estimation for the said mixture model is conducted by using informative priors, ie, gamma and squared root inverted gamma (SRIG) as well as noninformative prior, ie, Jeffrey's prior. Squared error loss function (SELF) and quadratic loss function (QLF) are employed to obtain and Bayes estimators. Properties of the proposed Bayes estimators are highlighted through a simulation study. When prior distributions and loss functions utilized in the study are compared in terms of posterior risks, informative prior found to be more suitable and decision turns out to be in favor of QLF. Prediction limits for the single sample case and two sample case are obtained to provide an insight into future sample data. Application of the proposed model is also elaborated using a real‐life example.
Comparative analysis of cumulative distribution function for TCP congestion window size and triple‐duplicate period
Authors: Patel Sanjeev 
Published: July 2019

SummaryVarious version of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) congestion window model are available in the literature. TCP congestion control is handled in two phases: (a) slow start and (b) congestion avoidance. This paper deals with congestion avoidance phase that is based on additive increase multiplicative decrease (AIMD) mechanism in which window size either increase by one or cuts to half of the previous window size. For distribution of window sizes, a model developed by Yan et al has been presented for two loss indications: (a) triple duplicate (TD) and (b) time‐outs (TOs) only while it does not deal with the window size limitation. It does not allow to cap over the TCP congestion window size if the buffer size is restricted to a fixed value though window size could not move beyond that. The unconstrained window size moves on in the presence of low loss probability. In this paper, we propose a model for the case where the window size is bounded by a maximum value that makes applicable to window size limitation as well. Further, the work has been extended to develop a new model that obtains a cumulative distribution function for TD periods (TDPs). The proposed model is validated on ns‐2, and we conclude that observed results for distribution function are very closed to our proposed model.
The remission phase in type 1 diabetes: Changing epidemiology, definitions, and emerging immuno‐metabolic mechanisms
Authors: Zhong Ting , Tang Rong , Gong Siyuan , Li Juan , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: July 2019

SummaryType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by irreversible islet β cell destruction. During the progression of this disease, some patients with T1DM experience a phase of remission known as honeymoon or partial remission (PR) that is mainly characterized by satisfactory glycemic control and the transient recovery of islet β cell function. This special phase is a good model for studying the mechanism of β cell protection, might serve as a proper intervention period for immunotherapy, and may be related to disease prognosis. This special stage is highly valuable for studies aiming to identify possible targets that may be used to cure T1DM. An in‐depth understanding of the diagnosis, epidemiology, and possible mechanisms of the PR phase is highly needed. In general, patients enter the PR phase approximately 3 months after starting insulin therapy, and this phase could be sustained for 6 to 9 months. Current research increasingly focuses on the metabolic and immunological aspects to constantly update our understanding of this phase. This review concentrates on the PR phase of T1DM to provide a comprehensive outlook of its epidemiology, diagnostic criteria, and underlying immune metabolic mechanisms.