bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF WC–50%Cо MODEL ALLOYS CONTAINING TaC ADDITIVES
Authors: Zaitsev A. A. , Konyashin I. Yu. , Avdeenko E. N. , Shvyndina N. V. , Levashov E. A. 
Published: July 2018

The structure and magnetic properties of model high-cobalt WC–50%Co alloys with different carbon content and 1,6–5,6 wt.% TaC additives are studied. Model alloys are obtained by liquid-phase sintering of powder mixtures at 1420 °C, and their composition is described by the formula: 50%Co + 50%WC + xTaC + yC, where x = 0; 1,6; 2,6; 3,6; 4,6; 5,6 wt.%, y = 0; 0,2; 0,5 wt.%. It is shown that (Ta,W)C phase precipitates are present in all the investigated alloys, whereby at up to 3,6 wt.% TaC concentration the (Ta,W)C grains have a needle shape, and at ³3,6 wt.% TaC concentration the shape of the (Ta,W)C grains becomes spherical. (Ta,W)C phase precipitates are located both in the Co-binder and along the WC grain boundaries. The (Ta,W)C phase lattice parameter in low-carbon alloys lies in the range from 0,4438 nm for the 1,6 % TaC alloy up to 0,4451 nm for the 4,6 % TaC alloy. According to EDX analysis, the concentration of dissolved tungsten in the cobalt phase is independent of the TaC content and strongly depends on the total carbon content, and for alloys with high, elevated and low carbon content it is 7, 12 and 17 wt.%, respectively. TaC addition in alloys with a low and elevated carbon content leads to an increase in coercive force by 875 A/m and a decrease in magnetic saturation by 5–10 Gs·m3/g. The experimental results allowed putting forward a hypothesis about the possibility of forming dispersed tantalumcontaining precipitates in the binder phase.
CONDUCTIVE TIB2–ALN–BN-BASED COMPOSITE SHS CERAMICS
Authors: Karpov A. V. , Konovalikhin S. V. , Borovinskaya I. P. , Sachkova N. V. , Kovalev D. Yu. , Sytschev A. E. 
Published: July 2018

The paper studies the microstructure, phase composition, and electrical conductivity of TiB2–AlN–BN-based composite ceramics obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). Electrical resistivity dependence on temperature was measured in the range Т = 300÷1300 K in a vacuum of 2·10–3 Pa using a standard 4-point DC technique. It is found that higher TiB2 content in the initial composition (from 60 to 80 wt.%) and lower Al content (from 20 to 40 wt.%) results in increased TiN and BN content in synthesis products, and decreased TiB2 and AlN content as a result of TiB2 reaction with nitrogen. Lower Al content in the initial mixture leads to lower AlN content in synthesis products. According to the results obtained, electrical resistivity curves are inconsistent during the «heating–cooling» cycle for all ceramic compositions due to changes in the contact zone of conducting phases in the temperature range Т = 800÷1200 К. Three specific temperature ranges were identified: (I) 300 to 800 K when ρ values increase monotonically with increasing temperature, while heating and cooling ρ(Т) curves coincide completely; (II) Т = 800÷1200 К when electrical resistivity behavior varies – its values strongly depend on the sample heat treatment mode; (III) Т > 1200 К, when coincidence of heating-cooling curves is observed.
Developing and implementing policy for the mandatory labelling of genetically modified food in South Africa
Authors: De Beer Taryn , Wynberg Rachel 
Published: July 2018

Like many other countries, South Africa has come under public pressure to introduce mandatory labelling for genetically modified (GM) foods. Although there is increased understanding of the social and political implications of GM labelling in developed countries, implications for the global South are still poorly understood. South Africa, as a country that consumes, produces and trades GM food, represents a fitting case study of these dimensions in the context of a developing economy. Via policy analysis, stakeholder interviews and document inquiry we offer an overview of the evolution of GM labelling, investigate the central influences on its development and implementation, determine the critical issues and identify the factors impeding or facilitating implementation. Our findings reveal that many significant events and decisions influenced the policy on mandatory GM food labelling in South Africa. They also suggest that several pertinent and problematic issues arose during its development as a result of the contentious nature of GM food labelling; stakeholder opinions, influences, and conflicted positions; and its practical complexity. Key implementation issues included divergent interpretations, and thus high levels of ambiguity; an inefficient National Consumer Commission; a lack of recourse for non-compliance; and the absence of a government-enforcement agency. Lower capacity in developing countries underscores the importance of a participation process that is believable by and inclusive of all actors. Stakeholders’ opinions about the policy development process were affected by their predetermined viewpoints about GMOs. Findings emphasise the influence of larger policy debates about the acceptability of GMOs on participatory processes, and the importance of contextualising GM labelling policies within such debates.
Significance:

The first review of the evolution of mandatory GM food labelling policy in South Africa is provided.
A knowledge gap with regard to GM food labelling in developing countries is filled.
The importance of procedural fairness in determining the degree of stakeholder satisfaction with policy decisions is revealed.
Conduction studies of phrenic nerve in healthy children
Authors: Voitenkov V. B. , Komantsev V. N. , Skripchenko N. V. , Ekusheva E. V. , Klimkin A. V. , Aksenova A. I. 
Published: July 2018

Background. Unlike parameters of phrenic nerve conduction in healthy adults characterized by stability, in children variations with age are observed. The objective is to investigate the M-wave latency and amplitude in electroneurographic (ENG) examination of the phrenic nerve in healthy children of different ages for development of a normative database of neurophysiological data.Materials and methods. 48 healthy children (28 girls and 20 boys) were examined. Mean age was 9.19 ± 5.43 years (1–18 years). ENG examination of the phrenic nerve was performed with the modified standard procedure of stimulation at the level of the outer margin of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with registration of M-wave from standard diaphragm point and parallel registration of the muscle activity from m.deltoideus and m.serratus anterior.Results. Mean values of the M-response latency were 5.64 ± 1.25 ms, amplitude – 0.66 ± 0.34 mV. For age-differentiated subgroups 1–2 years (n = 7), 3–5 years (n = 9), 6–12 years (n = 15), and 13–18 years (n = 17), the latency was 4.96 ± 1.94; 5.01 ± 1.13; 5.42 ± 0.84, and 6.44 ± 1.43 ms, respectively; the amplitude was 1.01 ± 0.37; 0.87 ± 0.31; 0.61 ± 0.24, and 0.45 ± 0.21 mV, respectively. The M-response amplitude values in children aged 1–2 years significantly differed from the values in children aged 6–12 and 13–18 years.Conclusion. ENG examination of the phrenic nerve is a technically uncomplicated procedure, and the obtained data is easy to interpret. During phrenic nerve ENG in children, it is necessary to take age variability of the M-wave latency and amplitude into account. The M-wave amplitude in healthy toddlers (1–2 years old) was significantly lower than in children aged 6–18 years.
Peculiarities of complaints among young women with idiopathic arterial hypotension
Authors: Baev V. M. , Agafonova T. Yu. , Igumnova O. A. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the peculiar features of complaints among young women with idiopathic arterial hypotension (IAH) and determine their frequency.
Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of complaints frequency between two groups of women aged 18–23 was carried out: the test group of patients, suffering from IAH (n = 210) with SAP 97 (92–98) mm Hg and the control group (n = 96) with normal arterial pressure with SAP 123 (121–125) mm Hg.
Results. 58 % of women with IAH walk less than 5 km a day that is reliably more frequently compared to women with normal arterial pressure. Women with IAH, having moderate physical and emotional load, more often have complaints of dyspnea (25 %) and thoracic pains (40 %). When suffering from IAH, patients more often complain of pain in their legs, especially while walking (35 %), dizziness (38 %), pain and paleness of hand and leg fingers in cold (36 %); 12% of women with IAH have nocturia.
Structural-functional peculiarities of left atrium remodeling in patients with different body mass, suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Kostareva R. A. , Khovaeva Ya. B. , Podyanova A. I. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. To study the left atrium (LA) remodeling in patients with different body mass, suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD).
Materials and methods. Seventy two patients with COLD, who were divided into 3 groups, underwent echocardiography: group 1– patients with normal body mass (n = 31), group 2 – patients with excessive weight (n = 21), group 3 – patients with degree I obesity (n = 20).
Results. Among patients with COLD, belonging to group 3, indexed parameters of minimum (15.43 ± 1.62 ml/м2, р = 0.004) and presystolic (20.52 ± 1.88 ml/м², р = 0.03) volumes of LA increased; these patients also demonstrated growth of maximum upper-lower size of LA with elevation of its linear maximum and minimum sizes, when compared with patients of group 1. Patients with different body mass, suffering from COLD, have similar volumes of passive and active depletion and their corresponding fractions. COLD patients with excessive body mass and obesity showed moderate pulmonary hypertension.
Conclusions. Patients with obesity, suffering from COLD, have significantly elevated indexed parameters of presystolic and minimum LA volumes, which can be considered as early markers of impaired function of LA. Increased minimum LA volume can be one of the factors of gas exchange impairment.
Role of serum interleukin-6 in heart failure
Authors: Deokar Smita Amol , Dandekar Sucheta P. , Shinde Ganesh A. , Prabhu Surekha S. , Patawardhan Mugdha 
Published: July 2018

Background: A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation plays the key role in different cardiovascular diseases. But very study has been done so far in relation to serum interleukin-6 in heart failure patients. The aim of the study was to measure serum interleukin-6 in heart failure patients.Methods: Total 22 heart failure patients and 22 age and sex matched controls were included in this study from August 2015 to June 2016 for serum analysis of interleukin-6.Results: serum interleukin-6 was significantly [median(IQR) 14.3(26.2) pg/mL] increased in heart failure patients compared to age and sex matched controls [median(IQR) 0(2.4) pg/mL].Conclusions: Even though little is known about function of interleukin-6 in heart failure patients, this study shows that increased level of IL-6 in heart failure patients plays an important role as a pro-inflammatory marker in development of cardiovascular disease i.e. heart failure.
The prevalence of pulp stones in a Hazaribagh population: a radiographic survey
Authors: Sandhu Harpreet , Bhargava Ankur , Rehan Danish Ahmad , Saigal Sonal 
Published: July 2018

Background: The goal of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of pulp stones in a Hazaribagh population. Any possible associations between pulp stones tooth type and dental arch were also evaluated.Methods: A total of 4625 teeth of 500 patients were examined in our department who came for diagnostic radiograph of posterior teeth. The presence or absences of pulp stones were recorded.Results: Pulp stones were found in 834 (18.03%) of 4625 teeth detected. The occurrence of pulp stones was most significant in among the age groups of 31-50 years of age. The pulp stones were significantly higher in permanent maxillary first and second molars.Conclusions: Pulp stones are not only incidental radiographic findings of the pulp tissue but may also be an indicator of some serious underlying disease. On the other hand, they may provide useful information to predict about the susceptibility of patients for other dystrophic soft tissue calcifications such as urinary calculi and calcified atheromas.
Risk factor analysis among patients with stroke: a cross sectional study at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: B. Rajiv Kumar , Kishan U. , Kumar N. Arun 
Published: July 2018

Background: Study of risk factors of stroke is very important in different settings to confirm their existence and to take necessary steps to prevent them especially in elderly so that incidence of stroke can be brought down. The objective of the present study is to perform the risk factor analysis among patients with stroke.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital from June 2015 to March 2016. A total of 40 patients diagnosed with stroke were included in the present study. Detailed information and all necessary investigations were carried out. Risk factor analysis was done, and categorization was done for certain risk factors.Results: The predominant age group was 6-60 years. The age ranged from 1 month to 67 years. The Male: Female ratio was 14:9. The common etiologies were congenital, post infective and intracranial bleed in 26.1% (n=6) each. Favourable outcome was seen in 82.6% of cases. The failure rate was 17.4%. Most no of cases with favourable outcome was seen in 6-60 years age group, whereas >60 years age group had the most no of cases with poor outcome. The overall mortality rate was 21.6% (n=5). Wound related complication was seen in 1 patient (4.3%). Two (8.7%) patients required VP shunt post ETV. The cause of mortality was aspiration pneumonitis in 3 cases, CSF metastasis and wound infection in 1 cases each.Conclusions: The leading cause as well as risk factor for stroke was found to be hypertension followed by alcohol and smoking.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis in an immunosuppressed patient: a case report
Authors: Dhas Clement J. , A. Murali , C. Yoganathan 
Published: July 2018

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare disease that is characterized by Eosinophil infiltration in one or multiple segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of this condition remains unknown. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis has heterogeneous clinical manifestations that depend upon the location and depth of infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract, and eosinophilia may or may not be present. This article reports a case of Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis in a 57 years old retroviral male patient, who presented with chronic diarrhea, bilateral pedal edema and eosinophilia. Ultimately, the diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was clinched. The rare character of eosinophilic gastroenteritis and its varied clinical presentations often lead to delayed diagnosis and complications. Case reports may help to disseminate knowledge about the disease, thereby increasing the likelihood of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent complications.
Parental perception of girl-child early marriage amongst the Urhobos in Nigeria
Authors: Agege Emmanuel A. , Nwose Ezekiel U. , Odjimogho Stella 
Published: July 2018

Background: This study was on the parental perception of early marriage amongst the Urhobos in the Central District of Delta State. World Health Organization (2013) defined early marriage, or child marriage, as the marriage or union between two people in which one or both parties are younger than 18 years of age. The aims of this research were to assess the parents on four themes including concept of early marriage as well as perceptions on causes, consequences and strategies to mitigate the problems.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey adopted questionnaire that comprised 4-themes and a critical review. A total 360 out of 384 samples were drawn from 8-communities within the local governments in the Central senatorial district of Delta State. The percentages of responses from the respondents categorized on the Likert scale groups were determined.Results: The analysis shows disagreements among respondents’ perception. 60% are yet to acknowledge gender discrimination in the underlying practice of early marriage. 77% admitted that ignorance is a factor. There is also some strong agreement that early marriage was due to unexpected pregnancy. A total of 62.5% of respondents admitted that their daughter married the boys who impregnated them, and all the girls were forced into it by their parents.Conclusions: The observation lies credence that unexpected pregnancy is the highest cause of early marriage. It is hereby inferred that there appear to be ignorance leading parents to force their girls into early marriage because of premarital pregnancy.
Knowledge and practice of the universal precaution among nursing students of Eras’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow
Authors: Hussain Firdous , Khatoon Ruby , Sachan Beena , Srivastava J. P. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk of various occupational hazards in the hospital, including exposure to bloodborne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) infection from sharps injuries and contact with body fluids. All health care workers should routinely use appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure during contact with any patient's blood or body fluids that require universal precautions. The objective of the study was to evaluate both the knowledge and the practice of standard precautions by nursing students in the teaching hospital.Methods: It is a cross sectional study conducted in Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital over a period of two months from November 2014 to December 2014 on nursing students. 100 nursing students were included in this study. All the nurses had been professionally active for 1 year or more in direct patient care and hospital hygiene.Results: Most of the nursing students were aware of the concept of universal precaution. 97% of nursing students used to wash their hands before and after patient care. In reasons for use of universal precaution it was found that100% of nursing student said use of universal precaution is to protect health care worker. While 100% said it protects HCW while handling infectious waste. Nursing students knowledge regarding indications of hand hygiene was found 97.Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the need to implement a programme to improve knowledge on standard precautions.
Perspectivas da análise do (in)visível: a arquitetura discursiva do não verbal
Authors: Souza Tania Conceição Clemente de 
Published: July 2018

Há algum tempo, a análise do não verbal vem despertando nosso interesse, no sentido de se pensar alguns aspectos que são instituídos na e pela discursividade: a materialidade discursiva do não verbal e sua arquitetura e como se textualiza o político em termos não verbais. Estes aspectos perduram no trabalho em pauta, quando colocamos em discussão três conceitos – punctum (BARTHES, 1980), intericonicidade (COURTINE, 2013) e policromia (Souza, 1997 e 2001) -, sublinhando o alcance de cada um desses conceitos na análise da textualidade do não verbal. E investindo na interface destes três conceitos. Calcados em pressupostos da Análise de Discurso, investimos na análise de quatro fotos veiculadas na mídia online, sobre a cobertura do embate da polícia com índios em abril de 2017.
Participação, arte e vivências num território cultural
Authors: Dobry Sylvia Adriana , Boucinhas Caio , Pessoa Denise Falcão 
Published: July 2018

A experiênciaentredocentes da “Escola Esmeralda Becker” na Aldeia de Carapicuíba, eestudantes de pós-graduação da FAU- USP em 1997, cujos objetivos foram: atingir um estudo do meio interdisciplinar, com a arte como eixo principal; reconhecer o local, moradores, cotidiano, seus sonhos;preservar recursos naturais, história,cultura, e também desenvolver um projeto participativo urbano-paisagístico. O entrelaçamento dos processos criativos e seu rebatimento na produção artística individual colaboraram para a reflexão sobreapropriação eidentidade. Expandiram- se horizontes de esperança na preservação histórica e ambiental e aimplantação do projeto – hoje com o nome de Parque Ecológico da Aldeia de Carapicuíba – pela Prefeitura, só foi possível pela participação da comunidade.
The role and place of bioimpedance analysis assessment of body composition of children and adolescents with different body mass
Authors: Girsh Ya. V. , Gerasimchik O. A. 
Published: July 2018

The steady rise of obesity in children and adolescents emphasizes the need for new, integrated approaches to its diagnosis and therapy. When diagnosing obesity and choosing methods for its correction, it is fundamentally important to use reliable methods of estimating the amount of adipose tissue. Using the body mass index is not always sufficient, since it does not provide complete information on quantitative content in the body weight of the patient’s body. For these purposes in clinical medicine use of bioimpedance analysis to assess the indicators, which characterize the basal metabolism, active cell mass, fat and basirova mass and total water content in the body. However, the holding of bioimpedance body composition analysis is currently limited mainly to dietetics and sports medicine, and adult patients. Quite interesting is the use of the bioimpedance method in the pediatric age group for accurate evaluation of body composition of children of various ages and body weight that will allow for dynamic control of all types of metabolism to evaluate the effectiveness of the observation and treatment of patients with overweight and obesity.
Treatment of adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance
Authors: Bogatyreva E. M. , Novik G. A. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of infertility. In addition, polycystic ovary syndrome is often associated with metabolic complications. In most women hyperandrogenic manifestations occur during puberty. Early detection of polycystic ovary syndrome and associated metabolic problems can solve the problem of puberty and prevent infertility, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2 in women of reproductive age. One of the objectives of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the simultaneous use of a combined oral preparation (ethinyl estradiol + drospirenone) and metformin in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome.Materials and methods. 113 adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism from 14 to 19 years were included. 32 of these girls aged 14–18 years with polycystic ovary syndrome were treated with medication ethinyl estradiol + drospirenone. Of these 32 patients, 20 girls with insulin resistance were obtained simultaneously with metformin. The following methods were used: examination, evaluation of hair (Ferriman-Gallwey score), pelviс ultrasound, determination of hormone status (LH, FSH, PRL, 17-OHP, E2 , TSH, DHEA-s, SHBG, T), glucose, insulin, and glucose tolerance test. The diagnostic technique used the Sultan C. criteria of polycystic ovary syndrome (2004).Results.A reduction in the frequency characteristics after treatment was shown: of laboratory hyperandrogenism 90.6% , dermopathy 65.6% , insulin resistance 43.8%, hyperinsulinemia 18.8%, ultrasonic signs of PCOS 34.4%.Conclusions. The study results confirm the efficacy of the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance during puberty by Low-dose combined oral preparation (0.03 mg ethinyl estradiol and 3 mg drospirenone) in combination with metformin.