bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additively Manufactured Self-Healing Structures with Embedded Healing Agent Reservoirs
Authors: Davami Keivan , Mohsenizadeh Mehrdad , Mitcham Morgan , Damasus Praveen , Williams Quintin , Munther Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelf-healing materials with the ability to partially or completely restore their mechanical properties by healing the damage inflicted on them have great potential for applications where there is no or only limited access available to conduct a repair. Here, we demonstrate a bio-inspired new design for self-healing materials, where unit cells embedded in the structure are filled with a UV-curable resin and act as reservoirs for the self-healing agent. This design makes the repeated healing of mechanical damage possible. When a crack propagates and reaches one of these embedded reservoirs, the healing agent is released into the crack plane through the capillary action, and after polymerization through UV light exposure, bonds the crack faces. The structures here were fabricated using a stereolithography technique by a layer-by-layer deposition of the material. “Resin trapping” as a unique integration technique is developed for the first time to expand the capability of additive manufacturing technique for creating components with broader functionalities. The self-healing materials were manufactured in one step without any needs for any sequential stages, i.e. filling the reservoir with the healing agent, in contrast with the previously reported self-healing materials. Multiscale mechanical tests such as nanoindentation and three-point bending confirm the efficiency of our method.
Investigation of Phosphate Removal Capability of Blast Furnace Slag in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Yasipourtehrani Sara , Strezov Vladimir , Evans Tim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlast Furnace Slag (BFS) is a by-product of iron making with a potential to be used in different applications. In this research, BFS is used to investigate the phosphate removal ability in wastewater. BFS has the required concentrations of surface calcium to potentially precipitate phosphate from wastewater. Removal of phosphate from wastewater depends on variety of conditions, such as the size of BFS particles, adsorbent dose, contact time and pH. The conditions responsible for phosphate removal from wastewater with BFS were analysed and the phosphate removal capacity optimised according to the BFS chemical content. The results in this work demonstrated that the basicity (CaO/SiO2) of BFS has a reverse effect on phosphate removal capacity. High basicity reduces the capability of BFS for removal of phosphate. BFS composition before and after phosphate removal was determined with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the slag samples added varying concentrations of trace metals Al, Cd, Co and Hg into the treated water, which will need to be further conditioned by dilution with unpolluted water or other treatments before disposal or re-use.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Atrazine under Visible Light Using Novel Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 Nanocomposites
Authors: Alkayal Nazeeha S. , Hussein Mahmoud A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this work, a novel as well as an efficient photocatalyst based Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 nanoparticles have been prepared for the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine using the hydrothermal technique. In order to measure the chemical composition as well as the phase of the novel nanoparticles, different characterization techniques were applied to confirm their structures. Furthermore, the percent of Ag in the Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 nanoparticles has been investigated on the properties of Mg4Ta2O9 (physical and chemical). The phase of new Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 was confirmed via XRD data comparing with pure Mg4Ta2O9 phase. The images of the morphologies for all samples were studied using TEM with pore size distribution around 24 nm for 2.0 wt.% Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 nanocomposite. The new Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 nanoparticles have been applied for atrazine degradation using photocatalytic method. Due to the high BET surface area and low band gap, the nanoparticles with 2.0 wt.% of Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 display the best photocatalyst efficiency for atrazine degradation. Moreover, the application and the limitation of the photodegradation process were estimated. Different conditions effect on atrazine degradation such as dosages of photocatalyst and concentration of atrazine were investigated. The ability of 2.0 wt.% Ag@Mg4Ta2O9 for atrazine degradation was reused for many times with the same efficiency.
Transcriptional profiling of contrasting genotypes revealed key candidates and nucleotide variations for drought dissection in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze
Authors: Parmar Rajni , Seth Romit , Singh Pradeep , Singh Gopal , Kumar Sanjay , Sharma Ram Kumar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTea is popular health beverage consumed by millions of people worldwide. Drought is among the acute abiotic stress severely affecting tea cultivation, globally. In current study, transcriptome sequencing of four diverse tea genotypes with inherent contrasting genetic response to drought (tolerant & sensitive) generated more than 140 million reads.De novoand reference-based assembly and functional annotation of 67,093 transcripts with multifarious public protein databases yielded 54,484 (78.2%) transcripts with significant enrichment of GO and KEGG drought responsive pathways in tolerant genotypes. Comparative DGE and qRT analysis revealed key role of ABA dependent & independent pathways, potassium & ABC membrane transporters (AtABCG22,AtABCG11,AtABCC5 &AtABCC4) and antioxidant defence system against oxidative stress in tolerant genotypes, while seems to be failed in sensitive genotypes. Additionally, highly expressed UPL3HECT E3 ligases and RING E3 ligases possibly enhance drought tolerance by actively regulating functional modification of stress related genes. Further, ascertainment of, 80803 high quality putative SNPs with functional validation of key non-synonymous SNPs suggested their implications for developing high-throughput genotyping platform in tea. Futuristically, functionally relevant genomic resources can be potentially utilized for gene discovery, genetic engineering and marker-assisted genetic improvement for better yield and quality in tea under drought conditions.
Cover crop species have contrasting influence upon soil structural genesis and microbial community phenotype
Authors: Bacq-Labreuil Aurelie , Crawford John , Mooney Sacha J. , Neal Andrew L. , Ritz Karl 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCover crops (plants grown in an agricultural rotation between cash crops) can significantly improve soil quality via sequestering carbon, retaining nutrients, decreasing soil erosion, and maintaining belowground biodiversity. However, little is known about the effects of such plants upon soil structure. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of four species typically used as cover crops and which have contrasting root architecture (viz. clover, black oat, phacelia, tillage radish) on soil structural genesis and the associated modification of microbial community structure in a clay soil. The four plant species were grown in a replicated pot experiment with sieved soil (<2 mm), with unplanted soil as control for 8 weeks. X-ray Computed Tomography was used to quantify the formation of pore networks in 3D and phospholipid fatty acid analysis was performed to characterise the microbial community phenotype. Black oats developed a greater soil-pore connectivity than the other species throughout the growth period, whereas phacelia decreased both the porosity and pore-connectivity. The microbial community phenotype under phacelia was notably different from the other species, with a greater proportion of fungal markers. Thus, different plant species have differential effects upon soil structural genesis and microbial community phenotype, which provides evidence that certain species may be more suitable as cover crops in terms of soil structural conditioning depending upon specific contexts.
A new decomposition mechanism for metal complexes under water-oxidation conditions
Authors: Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi , Feizi Hadi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, water-oxidation reaction by cobalt(II) phthalocyanine, N,N′-bis (salicylidene) ethylenediamino cobalt(II), nickel(II) Schiff base (N,N′-bis (salicylidene)ethylenediamino nickel(II), nickel(II)) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonate tetrasodium, manganese(II) phthalocyanine, 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese(III) chloride, manganese(III) 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine chloride tetrakis(methochloride) was investigated using electrochemistry, UV-vis spectroscopy and spectroelectrochemistry. According to our results, a new decomposition pathway for these metal complexes under water-oxidation conditions was proposed. The produced metal oxide obtained by decomposition of metal complex under water -oxidation conditions not only catalyzes water-oxidation reaction but this metal oxide also accelerates decomposition of the corresponding complex to form higher amounts of the metal oxide. We hypothesize that such a mechanism could be investigated for many metal complexes under different oxidation or reduction reactions.
Development of a Korean Liver Allocation System using Model for End Stage Liver Disease Scores: A Nationwide, Multicenter study
Authors: Lee Juhan , Lee Jae Geun , Jung Inkyung , Joo Dong Jin , Kim Soon Il , Kim Myoung Soo ,   Advisory Committee on Improving Liver Allocation, Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Kim Dong-Sik , Nah Yang Won , Wang Hee-Jung , You Young Kyoung , Yu Hee Chul , Lee Kwang-Woong , Choi Dong Lak , Choi In Seok , Hwang Shin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe previous Korean liver allocation system was based on Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores, but increasing numbers of deceased donors created a pressing need to develop an equitable, objective allocation system based on model for end-stage liver disease scores (MELD scores). A nationwide, multicenter, retrospective cohort study of candidates registered for liver transplantation from January 2009 to December 2011 was conducted at 11 transplant centers. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was used to stratify MELD score ranges according to waitlist survival. Of the 2702 patients that registered for liver transplantation, 2248 chronic liver disease patients were eligible. CART analysis indicated several MELD scores significantly predicted waitlist survival. The 90-day waitlist survival rates of patients with MELD scores of 31–40, 21–30, and ≤20 were 16.2%, 64.1%, and 95.9%, respectively (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the 14-day waitlist survival rates of severely ill patients (MELD 31–40, n = 240) with MELD scores of 31–37 (n = 140) and 38–40 (n = 100) were 64% and 43.4%, respectively (P = 0.001). Among patients with MELD > 20, presence of HCC did not affect waitlist survival (P = 0.405). Considering the lack of donor organs and geographic disparities in Korea, we proposed the use of a national broader sharing of liver for the sickest patients (MELD ≥ 38) to reduce waitlist mortality. HCC patients with MELD ≤ 20 need additional MELD points to allow them equitable access to transplantation. Based on these results, the Korean Network for Organ Sharing implemented the MELD allocation system in 2016.
Reducing tectorial membrane viscoelasticity enhances spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and compromises the detection of low level sound
Authors: Bowling Thomas , Lemons Charlsie , Meaud Julien 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe mammalian cochlea is able to detect faint sounds due to the presence of an active nonlinear feedback mechanism that boosts cochlear vibrations of low amplitude. Because of this feedback, self-sustained oscillations called spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) can often be measured in the ear canal. Recent experiments in genetically modified mice have demonstrated that mutations of the genes expressed in the tectorial membrane (TM), an extracellular matrix located in the cochlea, can significantly enhance the generation of SOAEs. Multiple untested mechanisms have been proposed to explain these unexpected results. In this work, a physiologically motivated computational model of a mammalian species commonly studied in auditory research, the gerbil, is used to demonstrate that altering the viscoelastic properties of the TM tends to affect the linear stability of the cochlea, SOAE generation and the cochlear response to low amplitude stimuli. These results suggest that changes in TM properties might be the underlying cause for SOAE enhancement in some mutant mice. Furthermore, these theoretical findings imply that the TM contributes to keeping the mammalian cochlea near an oscillatory instability, which promotes high sensitivity and the detection of low level stimuli.
Critical evaluation of a putative glucosamine excretion by Aspergillus niger CBS120.49 and Penicillium ochrochloron CBS123.824 under citric acid producing conditions
Authors: Artmann Desirée Josefine , Amrain Werner , Murauer Adele , Ganzera Markus , Vrabl Pamela , Schinagl Christoph Walter , Burgstaller Wolfgang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs one of the most frequently occurring monomers in the biosphere, glucosamine is a valuable metabolite for several applications. Although microbial glucosamine production is still in its infancy, it offers the possibility to circumvent problems associated with traditional production by hydrolysis. Of particular interest is a study with Aspergillus niger, which reports for the first time high glucosamine excretion in the early phase of citric acid production. These results have relevance for both the commercial glucosamine production and deeper insight into the regulation of organic acid excretion in fungi. To investigate glucosamine excretion, we performed bioreactor batch cultivations with Penicillium ochrochloron CBS123.824 and A. niger CBS120.49 using cultivation conditions which are known to trigger the production of citric acid. Glucosamine detection in culture filtrates was achieved by two photometric methods, High performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and HPLC with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS). Surprisingly, we detected no glucosamine at all. Based on a critical review of published data for A. niger, we conclude that the reported high levels of excreted glucosamine might be an experimental artifact. However, growth experiments with glucosamine as a combined or single source for carbon or nitrogen showed that both organisms are in principle able to transport glucosamine across their plasma membrane, which is a prerequisite for the excretion of glucosamine.
Dying for a Meal: An Integrative Review of Characteristics of Choking Incidents and Recommendations to Prevent Fatal and Nonfatal Choking Across Populations
Authors: Hemsley Bronwyn , Steel Joanne , Sheppard Justine Joan , Malandraki Georgia A. , Bryant Lucy , Balandin Susan 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of original research, across adult populations relating to fatal or nonfatal choking on food, to understand ways to respond to and prevent choking incidents.

Method
Four scientific databases (CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched for original peer-reviewed research relating to fatal or nonfatal choking on foods. Data were extracted on study characteristics; factors leading up to, events at the time of, and actions taken after the choking incident; and impacts of choking incidents. An integrative review of the findings across studies identified several risk factors and recommendations to reduce the risk of choking.

Results
In total, 52 studies met the criteria for inclusion in this review, of which 31 were quantitative, 17 were qualitative, and 4 were of a mixed methods design. Studies reported the observations and narratives of bystanders or researchers, or else were large-scale autopsy studies, and included both the general public and people at risk of dysphagia. A range of food types were involved, and several actions were reported in response to food choking. Strategies to reduce the risk of choking were identified in the studies and are presented in 5 main categories.

Conclusions
Factors leading up to choking incidents extend well beyond the individual to the environment for mealtimes; the provision of appropriate mealtime assistance and oral care; and regular monitoring of general health, oral health, and medications. Bystanders' increased awareness and knowledge of how to respond to choking are vital. The results of this review could be used to inform service policy and training, for individuals at risk of choking, the people who support them, and the general public. Further research is needed to explore choking prevention and airway protection in individuals with dysphagia.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121131
The Role of Multiple Articulatory Channels of Sign-Supported Speech Revealed by Visual Processing
Authors: Mastrantuono Eliana , Burigo Michele , Rodríguez-Ortiz Isabel R. , Saldaña David 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The use of sign-supported speech (SSS) in the education of deaf students has been recently discussed in relation to its usefulness with deaf children using cochlear implants. To clarify the benefits of SSS for comprehension, 2 eye-tracking experiments aimed to detect the extent to which signs are actively processed in this mode of communication.

Method
Participants were 36 deaf adolescents, including cochlear implant users and native deaf signers. Experiment 1 attempted to shift observers' foveal attention to the linguistic source in SSS from which most information is extracted, lip movements or signs, by magnifying the face area, thus modifying lip movements perceptual accessibility (magnified condition), and by constraining the visual field to either the face or the sign through a moving window paradigm (gaze contingent condition). Experiment 2 aimed to explore the reliance on signs in SSS by occasionally producing a mismatch between sign and speech. Participants were required to concentrate upon the orally transmitted message.

Results
In Experiment 1, analyses revealed a greater number of fixations toward the signs and a reduction in accuracy in the gaze contingent condition across all participants. Fixations toward signs were also increased in the magnified condition. In Experiment 2, results indicated less accuracy in the mismatching condition across all participants. Participants looked more at the sign when it was inconsistent with speech.

Conclusions
All participants, even those with residual hearing, rely on signs when attending SSS, either peripherally or through overt attention, depending on the perceptual conditions.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8121191
Interpretation through experimental simulations of phase functions revealed by Rosetta in 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko dust coma
Authors: Levasseur-Regourd A. C. , Renard J.-B. , Hadamcik E. , Lasue J. , Bertini I. , Fulle M. 
Published: May 2019

Context.The dust-brightness phase curves that have been measured by the OSIRIS cameras on board the Rosetta spacecraft within the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) present a remarkable flattened u-shape.Aims.Our goal is to compare these phase curves with those of tentatively analog dust samples to assess the key dust properties that might induce this shape.Methods.Light-scattering measurements have been made with the PROGRA2 instrument in the laboratory and in microgravity conditions on samples of different physical properties and compositions that are likely to be representative of cometary dust particles.Results.We find that the brightness phase curves of a series of interplanetary dust analogs that have been recently developed (to fit the polarimetric properties of the inner zodiacal cloud and their changes with heliocentric distance) are quite comparable to those of 67P. Key dust properties seem to be related to the composition and the porosity.Conclusions.We conclude that the shape of the brightness phase curves of 67P has to be related to the presence of a significant amount of organic compounds (at least 50% in mass) and of fluffy aggregates (of a size range of 10–200μm). We also confirm similarities between the dust particles of this Jupiter-family comet and the particles within the inner zodiacal cloud.
Verzögerte Diagnose eines MYH9-assoziierten Syndroms bei einem Mann mit Azoospermie und Kinderwunsch
Authors: Cooper Nina , Sachs Ulrich , Heidinger Kathrin 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 46-jährigen Patienten mit einer seit 20 Jahren bestehenden Diagnose einer chronischen Immunthrombozytopenie. Die Vorstellung des Patienten in unserer Gerinnungsambulanz erfolgte zur Abklärung der Thrombozytopenie und zur Therapieempfehlung vor geplantem Eingriff zur operativen Spermatozoengewinnung bei einer nicht obstruktiven Azoospermie und Kinderwunsch. Kortikosteroide zeigten in der Vergangenheit keinen klinischen Effekt. Klinisch relevante Blutungen waren bisher nicht aufgetreten. Im Alter von 36 Jahren wurde eine Kataraktoperation durchgeführt, ferner bestand ein beginnender Hörverlust im hohen Frequenzbereich. Unsere Untersuchungen ergaben eine Plättchenzahl von 31 × 109/l, ein erhöhtes mittleres Thrombozytenvolumen (MPV 16,8 fl) und keinen Nachweis freier oder gebundener thrombozytärer Autoantikörper. Ein Bernard-Soulier-Syndrom konnte ausgeschlossen werden. Im Blutausstrich zeigten sich Einschlusskörperchen in den neutrophilen Granulozyten. Der Verdacht auf eine MYH9-assoziierte Thrombozytopenie konnte durch eine genetische Untersuchung des MYH9-Gens bestätigt werden (c.5717C>T; p.Thr1906Met [heterozygot]) und eine heterozygote Duplikation des Bereichs des Intron-Exon-Übergangs von Exon 37. Die testikuläre Spermienextraktion konnte erfolgreich mit präoperativer Gabe von Desmopressin i. v. durchgeführt werden. Dieser Fall zeigt, dass Patienten mit einer MYH9-assoziierten Thrombozytopenie als Patienten mit Immunthrombozytopenie fehldiagnostiziert werden können und es dadurch zu falschen Therapieentscheidungen kommen kann. Dabei kann die einfache Beurteilung des mittleren Thrombozytenvolumens und des Blutausstrichs bei der Diagnosefindung sehr hilfreich sein.
Toxische Dermatitis nach Quallenkontakt
Authors: Schneiderat S. , Berndt K. , Heyne S. , Aschoff R. , Abraham S. 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungVerletzungen durch Quallen werden besonders am australischen und asiatischen Pazifik sowie am Atlantik beobachtet. Sie können ausgeprägte Hautreaktionen bis zu systemischen Vergiftungen verursachen. Im Folgenden stellen wir eine 56-jährige Patientin mit einer toxischen Dermatitis an den Beinen nach Quallenkontakt im pazifischen Meer von Vietnam vor. Im klinischen Befund zeigten sich eine Woche nach der initialen Verletzung an den genannten Arealen Ödeme, teils livide Streifen in makulöser bzw. erosiver Form, eine palpable Purpura sowie hämorrhagische Blasen. Im Verlauf heilten diese Hautveränderungen durch eine Lokaltherapie mit topischen Glukokortikoiden mit postinflammatorischen Hyperpigmentierungen und Narben an der rechten Kniekehle ab.