bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method for two‐phase flow in heterogeneous porous media
Authors: Fabien Maurice S. , Knepley Matthew G. , Rivière Béatrice M. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe present a new method for simulating incompressible immiscible two‐phase flow in porous media. The semi‐implicit method decouples the wetting phase pressure and saturation equations. The equations are discretized using a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method. The proposed method is of high order, conserves global/local mass balance, and the number of globally coupled degrees of freedom is significantly reduced compared to standard interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin methods. Several numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the method. These examples include verification of convergence rates by manufactured solutions, common one‐dimensional benchmarks, and realistic discontinuous permeability fields.
Nonvolatile write‐once read‐many‐times memory behaviors of polyimides containing tetraphenyl fluorene core and the pendant triphenylamine or carbazole moieties
Authors: Yang Yanhua , Ding Zijun , Xia Jingcheng , Zheng Youxuan , Ding Shijin , Shen Yingzhong 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTTo better understand the structure–property relationships, two novel aromatic diamines containing tetraphenyl fluorene (TPF) moiety through triphenylamine (TPA) unit and carbazole (Cz) unit modification are designed and synthesized, respectively. Four thermally stable and excellent solubility polyimides are prepared and characterized. The excellent film‐formation ability and thin film stability are investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and atom force microscopy (AFM) measurements, respectively. The memory devices are fabricated, PIs films with low water uptakes sandwiched between indium‐tin oxide (ITO) ground electrode and Al top electrode, and exhibit nonvolatile write‐once read‐many‐times (WORM) memory behaviors with low threshold voltages, due to increasing the retention time through regulating the energy level. The current conduction mechanisms of all devices are linearly fitted by theoretical conduction model. Molecular simulations are used to demonstrate switching mechanism and the memory effects. The experimental results provide a sight for the design‐adjustable switching voltage of memory devices. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1630–1644
Perceived doctor‐patient relationship and its association with demoralization in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Quintero Garzón Leonhard , Koranyi Susan , Engelmann Dorit , Philipp Rebecca , Scheffold Katharina , Schulz‐Kindermann Frank , Härter Martin , Mehnert Anja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced diseases pose a great burden on patients and go hand in hand with existential concerns. Demoralization is considered as a syndrome of existential distress with a perceived inability to cope with loss of meaning in life and feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. Professional health care providers play an important role in providing support for patients and unfavorable conversational styles in their relationship can increase patient's distress. In this study, we examine the association between the patient's perceived relationship to health care providers and demoralization.MethodsWe used baseline data of a randomized control trial intervention study for advanced cancer patients (UICC‐Stage ≥ III; PHQ ≥ 9 and/or Distress‐Thermometer ≥5). We used a subscale of the QUAL‐EC‐P for assessing doctor‐patient relationship, Beck Depression Inventory‐II for depressive symptoms, a modified version of the MSAS as physiological symptom checklist, and the Demoralization Scale to assess demoralization. A hierarchical regression analysis was calculated.ResultsIn our sample of 187 patients with stage III or IV cancer (62% women), demoralization was present in 53.4% (16% moderate demoralization; 37.4% high demoralization) of the patients. Relationship to health care provider was an independent predictor (β = −.33, t(186) = −6.70, P < .001) of demoralization.ConclusionsOur findings underline the importance of the physician‐patient relationship in the context of coping with existential challenges in advanced cancer patients. Trainings on how to communicate and build a sustainable relationship with patients and their specific needs may increase the buffering effect of social support by the physicians on patient's existential distress.
Unscented and square‐root unscented Kalman filters for quaternionic systems
Authors: Menegaz Henrique M.T. , Ishihara João Y. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryProper construction of an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for unit quaternionic systems is not straightforward due to the incompatibility between the algebraic properties of the unit quaternions and the common real vector space operations (additions and scalar multiplications) needed in the steps of a filter algorithm. This work studies, in detail, all UKFs and square‐root UKFs for quaternionic systems proposed in the literature. First, we classify the algorithms according to the preservation of the unity norm of the quaternion variables. Second, we propose two new algorithms: the quaternionic additive unscented Kalman filter (QuAdUKF) and a square‐root variant of it. The QuAdUKF encompasses all known UKFs for quaternionic systems of the literature preserving, in all steps, the norm of the unit quaternion variables. Besides, it can also yield new UKFs with this norm preservation property. The QuAdUKF's square‐root variant has better properties in comparison with all the square‐root UKFs for quaternionic systems of the literature. Numerical experiments for a spacecraft attitude estimation problem illustrate the theoretical results.
Estimating contributions from nursery areas to fish stocks in freshwater systems using otolith fingerprints: The case of the streaked prochilod in the La Plata Basin (South America)
Authors: Avigliano E. , Pisonero J. , Sánchez S. , Dománico A. , Volpedo A. V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStock composition studies using otolith fingerprints have scarcely been developed in freshwater systems. In this context, the La Plata Basin is the second largest fluvial‐marine system of South America, where Prochilodus lineatus is the most important fishery resource. Despite the basin importance, estimation of mixed stock composition has not been explored yet. In this paper, the contribution of the two main nursery areas to two fishing stocks (Uruguay and Paraná rivers) of P. lineatus was evaluated using otolith's core microchemistry, considering two groups: subadult (2 years) and adult (4 years). Estimates were made using two maximum likelihood methods. Chemical composition of young‐of‐year fish caught in nursery areas in 2010 was used as baseline of the models, whereas chemical composition of the core of subadult and adult otoliths was used as sample of unknown origin. Results suggest that the subadult stock from Paraná was not mixed (contribution ~ 100%), whereas the stock from Uruguay had a contribution from the Paraná nursery (1.5 ± 1.2–17.9 ± 3.96%). For the adults, the degree of mixing increased and the contribution from both nursery areas to the Paraná and Uruguay stocks varied between 14.8 ± 4.18% and 85.2 ± 4.18%, respectively. The potential application of otolith fingerprints and maximum likelihood mixture models is here highlighted for determining the relative importance of recruitment sources of fish in the La Plata Basin. Because the contributions of the different nursery areas shared among several nations in turn affect the composition of internationally shared stocks, comprehensive management agreements at the basin level are necessary.
Value creation and value capture in governing shareholder relationships: Evidence from a policy experiment in an emerging market
Authors: Jia Nan , Shi Jing , Wang Yongxiang 
Published: June 2018

Research SummaryProtecting minority shareholders is a central issue in corporate governance. A common tool of empowering minority shareholders is to curb controlling shareholders’ power of expropriating firm value, but this approach was rarely successful because of the resistance from powerful controlling shareholders. We examine an alternative way of empowering minority shareholders without directly fighting with controlling shareholders. A major corporate governance reform in China gave minority shareholders a decision right over certain actions that affected the creation of firm value. We demonstrate that the greater the extent to which minority shareholders’ actions can influence the firm's value ex post, the more value controlling shareholders concede to minority shareholders ex ante. This effect becomes even stronger when controlling shareholders are able to expropriate a larger portion of firm value.Managerial SummaryMinority shareholders often have to contend with excessive extraction of firm value by powerful controlling shareholders, particularly in emerging markets. When this tension is considered as a zero‐sum game in which every gain to controlling shareholders has to come from a loss to minority shareholders, controlling shareholders strongly resist any effort to empower minority shareholders. We propose an alternative approach to empower minority shareholders. A major reform of Chinese listed firms bestowed on minority shareholders decision rights to take certain actions that could ex post create a larger “pie” (firm value) for all shareholders. We find that controlling shareholders give away greater value ex ante to minority shareholders to induce more of these actions. Consequentially, minority shareholders are more effectively empowered when they can affect firm value.
Enhancing ambition levels in nationally determined contributions—Learning from Technology Needs Assessments
Authors: Hofman Erwin , van der Gaast Wytze 
Published: June 2018

Under the Paris Agreement, countries are to develop nationally determined contributions (NDCs) every 5 years, outlining their climate targets and plans. In order to ease this task, countries may use the experiences with the Technology Needs Assessment (TNA) program. In this paper, lessons with TNAs since 2001 are described, and it is analyzed how countries, with a focus on developing countries, may use these lessons in strengthening and implementing their successive NDCs. While some developing countries have already used the results of their TNA process in their NDC development, countries could benefit from following the TNA process, its stakeholder involvement, and the multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methodology, to strengthen their NDCs. Countries face challenges in their NDC with regard to the embedding of the contribution into the national development strategy, getting from plans to implementation, and the mobilization of finance. Through the positive and negative experiences with TNAs, countries can overcome these challenges. It is argued that all countries can use the TNA or parts thereof in their NDC process. For developing countries (mainly Least Developed Countries and Small Island Developing States) the TNA is useful for capacity building, strategy development, and the preparation of projects for investment with international support. Emerging markets and newly‐industrialized countries can use the TNA as a participatory approach for strategy development. Developed countries generally do not need the entire TNA process, but the participatory approaches and MCDA can be used to fine‐tune modeled strategies.This article is categorized under:

Energy and Climate > Economics and Policy
Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Energy and Development > Climate and Environment
Biadjoint scalar tree amplitudes and intersecting dual associahedra
Authors: Frost Hadleigh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe present a new formula for the biadjoint scalar tree amplitudesm(α|β) based on the combinatorics of dual associahedra. Our construction makes essential use of the cones in ‘kinematic space’ introduced by Arkani-Hamed, Bai, He, and Yan. We then consider dual associahedra in ‘dual kinematic space.’ If appropriately embedded, the intersections of these dual associahedra encode the amplitudesm(α|β). In fact, we encode all the partial amplitudes atn-points using a single object, a ‘fan,’ in dual kinematic space. Equivalently, as a corollary of our construction, alln-point partial amplitudes can be understood as coming from integrals over subvarieties in a toric variety. Explicit formulas for the amplitudes then follow by evaluating these integrals using the equivariant localisation formula. Finally, by introducing a lattice in kinematic space, we observe that our fan is also related to the inverse KLT kernel, sometimes denoted$$ {m}_{\alpha^{\prime }}\left(\alpha \Big|\beta \right) $$mα′α|β.
Hypophosphatemia as a Predictor of Organ‐Specific Complications Following Gastrointestinal Surgery: Analysis of 8034 Patients
Authors: Sadot Eran , Zheng Jian , Srouji Rami , Strong Vivian E. , Gönen Mithat , Balachandran Vinod P. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Allen Peter J. , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Kingham T. Peter , Fong Yuman , Weiser Martin R. , Jarnagin William R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOrgan‐specific complications (OSC) remain serious potential sequela of gastrointestinal surgery. Hypophosphatemia correlates with poor outcomes and may be a harbinger of OSC after gastrointestinal surgery. Our goal was to describe and evaluate the relationship between postoperative phosphate levels and OSC.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent pancreatic, colorectal, or gastric resections were analyzed. OSC were defined as those resulting from the failure of at least one anastomosis performed during the primary resection, manifesting as an anastomotic leak, fistula, and/or intra‐abdominal abscess. Postoperative serum phosphate levels and other recognized OSC risk factors were compared among patients who did and did not develop OSC.ResultsA total of 8034 patients who underwent pancreatic (n = 397), colorectal (n = 5808), or gastric (n = 1829) resections were included in the study. In each resection group, the majority of patients experienced hypophosphatemia postresection with the nadir on postoperative day (POD) 2, and the subgroups that developed OSC exhibited lower phosphate levels on POD3–7. On multivariate analysis, lower phosphate level on POD3 remained significantly associated with OSC following pancreatic resection [median (interquartile range) mmol/L, 0.65 (0.53–0.76) vs. 0.71 (0.61–0.84), p = 0.045] and colorectal resection [0.71 (0.61–0.87) vs. 0.77 (0.65–0.94), p = 0.006], and lower phosphate level on POD4 remained associated with OSC following gastric resection [0.87 (0.74–1.03) vs. 0.96 (0.81–1.13), p = 0.049].ConclusionThis study identified a consistent trajectory of serum phosphate levels following 3 different gastrointestinal operations and association between early postoperative phosphate levels and OSC. Persistent lower phosphate levels should raise the level of concern for evolving postoperative leak and may lead to earlier radiographic evaluation and treatment.
Risk Adjustment Is Necessary in Value-based Outcomes Models for Infected TKA
Authors: Courtney P. Maxwell , Boniello Anthony J. , Della Valle Craig J. , Lee Gwo-Chin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 provides the framework to link reimbursement for providers based on outcome metrics. Concerns exist that the lack of risk adjustment for patients undergoing revision TKA for an infection may cause problems with access to care.

Questions/purposes
(1) After controlling for confounding variables, do patients undergoing revision TKA for infection have higher 30-day readmission, reoperation, and mortality rates than those undergoing revision TKA for aseptic causes? (2) Compared with patients undergoing revision TKA who are believed not to have infections, are patients undergoing revision for infected TKAs at increased risk for complications?

Methods
We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for patients undergoing revision TKA from 2012 to 2015 identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes 27486, 27487, and 27488. Of the 10,848 patients identified, four were excluded with a diagnosis of malignancy (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision code 170.7, 170.9, 171.8, or 198.5). This validated, national database records short-term outcome data for inpatient procedures and does not rely on administrative coding data. Demographic variables, comorbidities, and outcomes were compared between patients believed to have infected TKAs and those undergoing revision for aseptic causes. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors associated with complications, readmissions, reoperations, and mortality.

Results
After controlling for demographic factors and medical comorbidities, TKA revision for infection was independently associated with complications (odds ratio [OR], 3.736; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.198-4.365; p < 0.001), 30-day readmission (OR, 1.455; 95% CI, 1.207-1.755; p < 0.001), 30-day reoperation (OR, 1.614; 95% CI, 1.278-2.037; p < 0.001), and 30-day mortality (OR, 3.337; 95% CI, 1.213-9.180; p = 0.020). Patients with infected TKA had higher rates of postoperative infection (OR, 3.818; 95% CI, 3.082-4.728; p < 0.001), renal failure (OR, 36.709; 95% CI, 8.255-163.231; p < 0.001), sepsis (OR, 7.582; 95% CI, 5.529-10.397; p < 0.001), and septic shock (OR, 3.031; 95% CI, 1.376-6.675; p = 0.006).

Conclusions
Policymakers should be aware of the higher rate of mortality, readmissions, reoperations, and complications in patients with infected TKA. Without appropriate risk adjustment or excluding these patients all together from alternative payment and quality reporting models, fewer providers will be incentivized to care for patients with infected TKA.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
Crohn's disease versus Yersinia enterocolitica infection — case report — a difficult differential diagnosis
Authors: Almeida Clarissa Maria Gomes de , Maluf Fauze Camargo , Maluf Feres Camargo , Lanzoni Valeria P. , Kiss Desidério Roberto , Almeida Maristela Gomes de 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this report is to present an unusual case of Crohn's disease affecting the terminal ileum; whose principal differential diagnosis was Yersinia enterolocolitica infection, as the histological features of the resected ileum was common to both diseases. We also describe how the infectious etiology was discarded and the implications for the patient follow-up.
Adult Buried Penis Repair with Escutcheonectomy and Split-Thickness Skin Grafting
Authors: Strother Marshall C. , Skokan Alexander J. , Sterling Matthew E. , Butler Paris D. , Kovell R. Caleb 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Aim
To describe a technique for surgical correction of adult buried penis, including a technique for skin graft harvesting from the escutcheonectomy specimen itself, with an emphasis on remaining open questions in the literature.

Methods
We present our method for surgical correction of adult buried penis with a review of the literature.

Main Outcome Measure
Components of successful buried penis repair include return of directed voiding, elimination of local skin inflammation and infection, improvement in hygiene, return of sexual functioning, cosmesis, and patient satisfaction. To date, there are no broadly accepted tools for comprehensive measurement of outcomes after buried penis repair.

Results
Adult buried penis repair is generally associated with excellent rates of satisfaction and improvement in functioning. Currently available data are extremely limited; however, they do suggest that, when in doubt, more aggressive debridement of diseased tissue combined with split-thickness skin grafting may provide superior outcomes. Split-thickness skin grafts are associated with excellent rates of successful graft take, even in cases of severe preoperative pathology and patient comorbidity. Although these grafts come at the cost of some increased surgical morbidity, they are associated with low rates of major complications. Morbidity can be further significantly decreased by harvesting the graft from the excised escutcheon itself, a technique that we present here.

Conclusion
Surgical correction of adult buried penis is safe and effective; however, future work is required to further optimize outcomes and reduce surgical morbidity.
Surgeons Corner: Cavernoscopy for Rear Tip Extender Removal
Authors: Thirumavalavan Nannan , Hoover Christopher R.V. , Gross Martin S. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Cavernoscopy (using a cystoscope in the corpora) is traditionally used to retrieve rear tip extenders (RTEs) that are embedded at the time of removal or replacement of inflatable penile prostheses.

Aim
To describe indications and techniques of cavernoscopy.

Methods
We describe our preferred method of cavernoscopy to retrieve retained rear tips and present a thorough review of the literature regarding cavernoscopy.

Main Outcome Measure
Ability of cavernoscopy to retrieve embedded rear tips without causing complications.

Results
Cavernoscopy is feasible anecdotally in case reports, but other less-invasive methods of retrieving RTEs seem to have similar efficacy.

Conclusion
Cavernoscopy is a technically feasible procedure that can be attempted as part of a stepwise algorithm for removing retained RTEs.
VII Interpretations and Conjectures
Authors: Ford James A. , Quimby George I. 
Published: June 2018

A comparison of Tchefuncte traits suggests that there are three groupings or foci which at present comprise the Tchefuncte culture. The Copell site on Pecan Island, although a single site, represents the first group. The absence of pottery, presence of artifacts with burials, interment in a cemetery, and other traits tend to isolate this component from other Tchefuncte groupings.The three shell midden sites, Tchefuncte, Little Woods, and Big Oak Island form another grouping. The construction and use of shell middens, presence of certain types of bone and shell artifacts, and styles of chipped flint projectile points differentiate these midden sites from the others.The third grouping is represented by the two mound sites, Lafayette and Lake Louis. The traits of circular mounds, differences in the styles of projectile points, and absence of other Tchefuncte traits delimit this focus.A number of traits held in common, or traits which overlap from one component or site to another, link all of these groupings together to form the Tchefuncte culture. For instance, burial traits and styles of bone implements link the Copell site with the midden sites of the Tchefuncte period. The midden sites and the mound sites are bound together by common types of pottery and pipes. For the reader who disagrees with our interpretations, or who has a better method, we have listed all of our traits in the summaries of each component (Chapter II).
Preceramic Cultures in Chicama and Virú
Authors: Bird Junius B. 
Published: June 2018

This is a tentative résumé of the work done on the preceramic horizons in Chicama and Virú valleys as a part of the Virú Valley Project of 1946. Before summarizing the results of excavations in the old midden deposits, mention should be made of the recent physiographic changes in the Virú Valley. These have a definite connection with the prehistory.The drainage of the south arm of the valley starts at an elevation of slightly over 4000 meters with the two highest forks on the flanks of a 4200 meter peak. This section is today completely ice free, but as the general level for glacial moraines in this part of Peru runs between 3200 and 3400 meters, with one moraine in the Callejon de Huaylas down to 1800 meters, it is obvious that the physiography of the valley was once influenced by water either discharged directly from glaciers or draining from a greater area of condensation.