bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rekonstruktion der Kommunikation des betrieblichen Ausbildungspersonals in Online-Foren. Eine computerlinguistische Analyse des Online-Forums foraus.de
Authors: Jahn Robert W. 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Ausbilder:innen in der beruflichen Bildung. Während Lehrkräfte an berufsbildenden Schulen relativ stark professionalisiert sind, absolvieren Ausbilder:innen oft nur kurze formale Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen gemäß der Ausbildereignungsverordnung. Um den Mangel an pädagogischen Qualifizierungsangeboten und das Fehlen professioneller innerbetrieblicher Gemeinschaften auszugleichen, nutzen Ausbilder:innen alternative Kommunikationsräume (z. B. Online-Foren) zur Diskussion, zum Informationsaustausch und zur Lösung von Problemen. Trotz ihrer großen Bedeutung für die berufliche Bildung sind empirische Untersuchungen zum betrieblichen Bildungspersonal relativ selten, weil u. a. oftmals kein geeigneter Feldzugang besteht. Aus diesem Grund wird im Beitrag die öffentlich zugängliche, authentische Kommunikation von Ausbilder:innen in Online-Foren analysiert, um die Diskurse in der Ausbildungspraxis im Laufe der Zeit zu rekonstruieren und Zusammenhänge mit bildungspolitischen und ausbildungsmarktlichen Entwicklungen exemplarisch zu analysieren.Die Untersuchung zielt darauf ab, Themen der Ausbildungspraxis zu identifizieren und ihre Bedeutung zu quantifizieren. Als Stichprobe dienen 4827 Beiträge aus den Jahren 2000 bis 2022 aus dem Ausbildungsforum foraus.de. Mithilfe computerlinguistischer Verfahren (structured topic modeling) werden Topics induktiv identifiziert. Das entwickelte Topic-Modell (k = 16) spiegelt zentrale Handlungsfelder der Ausbilder:innentätigkeit sowie bildungs- und berufspolitische Fragen wider. So werden unter anderem Probleme mit Auszubildenden, die Qualifizierung und Professionalisierung des betrieblichen Bildungspersonals oder didaktische Fragen zur Planung und Durchführung der Ausbildung diskutiert. Durch die Quantifizierung der Themen können Veränderungen im Zeitverlauf mit bildungspolitischen und ausbildungsmarktlichen Entwicklungen in Zusammenhang gebracht werden.Die Befunde zeigen anhand dieses Prototyps, dass derartige Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion der Diskurse der Bildungspraxis geeignet sind und auf vergleichbare Kommunikationsformate für Lehrer:innen übertragen werden können.
Associations Among Estrogens, the Gut Microbiome and Osteoporosis
Authors: Kverka Miloslav , Stepan Jan J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
The purpose of this Review was to summarize the evidence on the associations among estrogen status, cellular senescence, the gut microbiome and osteoporosis.

Recent Findings
Indicate that osteoporosis is a global public health problem that impacts individuals and society. In postmenopausal women, a decrease in estrogen levels is associated with a decrease in gut microbial diversity and richness, as well as increased permeability of the gut barrier, which allows for low-grade inflammation. The direct effects of estrogen status on the association between bone and the gut microbiome were observed in untreated and treated ovariectomized women. In addition to the direct effects of estrogens on bone remodeling, estrogen therapy could reduce the risk of postmenopausal osteoporosis by preventing increased gut epithelial permeability, bacterial translocation and inflammaging. However, in studies comparing the gut microbiota of older women, there were no changes at the phylum level, suggesting that age-related comorbidities may have a greater impact on changes in the gut microbiota than menopausal status does.

Summary
Estrogens modify bone health not only by directly influencing bone remodeling, but also indirectly by influencing the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and the resulting changes in immune system reactivity.
From awareness to empowerment: self-determination theory-informed learning analytics dashboards to enhance student engagement in asynchronous online courses
Authors: Lee Jeongwon , Kim Dongho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough learning analytics dashboards (LADs) are being recognized as tools that can enhance engagement—a crucial factor for the success of asynchronous online higher education—their impact may be limited without a solid theoretical basis for motivation. Furthermore, the processes through which students make decisions using dashboards and engage are not well understood. This study aimed to design a LAD informed by self-determination theory and to investigate university students’ experiences with it. The findings, including those from stimulated recall interviews using eye-tracking data, shed light on how the LAD fosters student engagement. Interacting with the LAD fulfilled students’ basic psychological needs. Awareness and reflection on learning status facilitated by the LAD boosted enthusiasm for active learning participation. The LAD offered essential information to support autonomous, strategic decisions, empowering students to take proactive actions toward personal goals while reinforcing their belief in achieving them. Despite its potential benefits, various improvements have been identified to further enhance its effectiveness. Based on the findings, we discuss the implications of this study for future research in the field.
Highly dispersive optical solitons with polarization–mode dispersion for non–local law of self–phase modulation
Authors: Shohib Reham M. A. , Alngar Mohamed E. M. , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Jawad Anwar Ja’afar Mohamad , Hussein Layth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe current paper recovers a variety of highly dispersive optical solitons with non–local form of self–phase modulation structure and having polarization–mode dispersion. Two integration approaches have made this retrieval successful. The soliton solutions are enlisted and presented with the parameter constraints that ensures their existence. A shortcoming of these approaches is that neither one revealed dark soliton solution to the model. This limitation suggests the need to explore additional approaches to obtain dark soliton solutions. This is one of several future avenues of research for the model in this work.
Conceptions of High School Students About the Relevance of Mathematics in Higher Education—their General Perspective and Their Views About Specific Mathematical Requirements
Authors: Rohenroth Dunja , Neumann Irene , Heinze Aiso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mathematics is central to the STEM subjects (science, technology/computer science, engineering, and mathematics) and also to a wide range of non-STEM subjects. Accordingly, it is important that first-year students have adequate mathematical knowledge when they enter higher education. However, it remains unclear whether high school students are aware of the relevance of mathematics in higher education and what, if any, prior mathematical knowledge is relevant in different subjects. Although high school students were found to consider mathematics to be highly relevant, they limited this perceived benefit only to basic mathematics. In addition, university students were found to have incorrect or inadequate ideas about the mathematical content required for and covered in university study programs, which can lead to unfulfilled expectations and, in the worst case, to dropping out of university. This study therefore aims to complement the university students’ perspective with the school students’ perspective. To this end, we investigated 984 high school students’ conceptions of (1) the relevance of mathematics for future studies at a university in general and (2) the specific mathematical requirements in particular subjects. The results show that most students underestimate the relevance of mathematics in several subjects. In detail, we found students to have various vague and inadequate ideas about the specific mathematical requirements of particular subjects. In social sciences, and to some extent in economics, the mathematical requirements were largely underestimated. Such misconceptions may lead students to choose mathematics-intensive subjects when they actually want to avoid mathematics in their university studies.
Role of sleeve gastrectomy in improving metabolic syndrome: an overview
Authors: Poljo Adisa , Kraljević Marko , Peterli Ralph , Müller Beat P. , Billeter Adrian T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) presents a global health challenge characterized by cardiometabolic risk factors like central obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and high fasting glucose levels. Despite lifestyle interventions and medications, the increasing prevalence of MetS calls for effective treatments. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as a promising intervention. This review examines the role of SG in improving MetS outcomes, drawing from a PubMed/Medline literature search. It highlights SG’s multifaceted metabolic effects, including hormonal changes and improved insulin sensitivity, contributing to improved metabolic outcomes. Additionally, SG leads to significant weight loss and effectively addresses comorbidities like hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with low rates of early morbidity and mortality. However, long-term studies indicate that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) provides more sustained weight loss and superior resolution of metabolic comorbidities, whereas SG is associated with fewer early complications and a lower risk of nutritional deficiencies. In conclusion, SG offers a valuable option for managing MetS, providing significant weight loss and comorbidity improvement. Nevertheless, potential long-term complications, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and suboptimal weight response, emphasize careful patient selection and monitoring.
Numerical Study of Near-Field Radionuclides Dispersion Around Barakah Power Plant During Postulated Accidental Release Scenarios
Authors: Almazrouei Fatema Ali , Addad Yacine , Rodgers Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores the assessment of hazards arising from nuclear power plant incidents, informed by the Fukushima catastrophe. It evaluates the environmental impact of noble gases, such as iodine-131 releases, recognizing the limitations of current local computational tools, particularly in predicting near-field dispersion accurately. Utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study validates this approach’s effectiveness in predicting pollutant dispersion around buildings. Among the five turbulence models tested, the Lag Elliptic Blending (EB) k-ε model emerges as the most suitable for simulating radioactive pollutant dispersion due to its superior performance in capturing flow dynamics. The findings underscore the inadequacy of traditional Gaussian plume models in accounting for the effects of buildings on dispersion patterns. Notably, simulations around the Barakah nuclear site located in the United Arab Emirates reveal the significant influence of buildings on the trajectory of radioactive pollutants from hypothetical cracks. Consequently, it advocates caution in relying solely on classical Gaussian plume models for evacuation plans, as they may overlook crucial flow patterns due to building presence, potentially leading to distorted assessments of gas distribution and deposition rates.
Dynamical structures of optical solitons for highly dispersive perturbed NLSE with $$\beta $$-fractional derivatives and a sextic power-law refractive index using a novel approach
Authors: Abdullah Eman H. M. , Ahmed Hamdy M. , Zaghrout Afaf A. S. , Bahnasy Amal Ibrahim Ahmed , Rabie Wafaa B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the highly dispersive perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with $$\beta $$
β
-fractional derivatives, generalized nonlocal laws and sextic-power law refractive index. This equation is crucial for modeling complex phenomena in nonlinear optics, such as soliton formation, light pulse propagation in optical fibers, and light wave control, with potential applications in designing efficient optical communication devices. Furthermore, it provides a framework for understanding the intricate interactions between high dispersion, nonlocality, and complex nonlinearity, contributing to the development of new theories in wave physics. To accomplish this, we use the modified extended direct algebraic method. A variety of distinct traveling wave solutions are furnished. The obtained solutions comprise dark, bright, combo bright-dark and singular soliton solutions. Additionally, singular periodic solutions, rational and exponential solutions. Furthermore, graphical simulations are presented that highlight the distinctive characteristics of these solutions. Compared to Nofal et al. (Optik 228:166120, 2021), the proposed technique produced novel and diversified results. The results showcase the significant influence of fractional derivatives in shaping the characteristics of the soliton solutions, which is crucial for accurately modeling the dispersive and nonlocal effects in optical fibers. The extracted solutions confirmed the efficacy and strength of the current approach. The parameter constraints ensure the existence of the obtained soliton solutions. It is worth noting that the proposed method, being effective, consistent, and influential, can be applied to solve various other physical models and related disciplines.
The Structure of Child Adoption Based on the Relationship Between Adoptive Parents and Adoptive Children in Finland
Authors: Lehti Hannu , Tanskanen Antti O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHumans, like many other primates, possess the ability to adopt, and the practice of child adoption exists across human societies. It is well-known that there are three distinct categories of child adoption—kin adoption (i.e., when a relative adopts a child), intrafamilial adoption (i.e., when a stepparent adopts a child) and stranger adoption (i.e. when a child is unrelated to the adoptive parents). However, there is a lack of studies providing exact information on the relationship between adoptive parents and children. We calculated the relative frequencies of the adoption types using high-quality register data covering all child adoptions in Finland between 1999 and 2021 (n = 7422). Stranger adoption was the most common category of child adoption, followed by intrafamilial adoption, with kin adoption being the least frequent. Among stranger adoptions, it was found that single females were more likely to become adoptive parents than single males. In intrafamilial adoptions, stepfathers were more frequently adoptive parents than stepmothers, and female same-sex couples were more likely to be adoptive parents than male same-sex couples. In the case of kin adoptions, grandparents were the most common adoptive parents, followed by aunts and uncles. Maternal kin were more likely to become adoptive parents than paternal kin. The findings are discussed regarding evolutionary theories on parental investment and substitute parenting.
Evaluating the Reaction Kinetics on the H2 Reduction of a Manganese Ore at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Sarkar Alok , Schanche Trygve Lindahl , Wallin Maria , Safarian Jafar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the hydrogen reduction of Nchwaning manganese ore at elevated temperatures to enhance understanding of reaction kinetics and optimize industrial applications. Experimental investigations were conducted across temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C to observe reduction behavior and identify rate determining steps. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to monitor manganese ore weight loss, facilitating precise measurement of reduction rates. Various kinetic models validated experimental outcomes for H2 reduction, revealing an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 65.76 kJ/mol and an apparent pre-exponential factor (k0) of 319.66 min⁻1. The rate constant (k) exhibited a significant temperature-dependent increase, following the Arrhenius equation where rates approximately doubled every 100 °C, rising from 0.037 min⁻1 at 600 °C to 0.377 min⁻1 at 900 °C. Morphological and compositional analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) assessed structural changes post-reduction. Results demonstrated that pre-reduction temperature critically influences the physical and microstructural properties of the ore particles, particularly above 700 °C, where a notable reduction in BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface area and pore volume indicated sintering within the ore. The rate determining step for this reduction process is most likely the chemical reaction at the gas–solid interface between hydrogen and the manganese ore. These findings highlight advancements in efficient manganese ore reduction processes, with significant implications for metallurgical practices and the hydrogen economy.
Graphical Abstract
Personalism in Generative AI Deployment: Deciding Ethically When Human Creative Expression is at Stake
Authors: Fioravante Rosa , Vaccaro Antonino 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has the potential to automate, integrate or augment human creativity. Current literature reveals that organizations adopting such disruptive technology can both boost or hinder human creativity. Such ambiguity poses an ethical dilemma for decision-makers: while managers are pressured to adopt GAI quickly for optimization, holding on to their economic responsibilities, they must also ensure that its deployment is ethically enrooted and yields people-centered outcomes. This work seeks to discuss and inform managerial decision-making upon GAI deployment, by elucidating how ethically-salient dimensions of human creativity can be safeguarded and supported through GAI adoption. To do so, we draw on Personalism and its account of human creativity, as tied to inner morality and intrinsic dignity of the person. By this way, we present a model that highlights how three core dimensions—uniqueness, relationality, and unpredictability—are essential to preserve the human element in creative tasks in GAI adoption. Overall, this normative work contributes to enhance our knowledge on personalism within organizational studies, to shed new light on how organizations can safeguard the ethical nexus between human creativity and human intrinsic dignity, and to highlight how humanism in business can support people-centered AI deployment.
Struggles over memory?
Authors: Pauls Christina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this contribution, I introduce decolonial memory activism as struggle over meaning (Deutungskampf). Decolonial memory activism is understood as a specific form of memory activism that calls for the decolonization of both memory culture and politics, which necessitates a confrontation with dynamics of violence, power, and oppression. Unlike research that has primarily focused on the contents of collective memory, I argue that decolonial memory activism seeks to fundamentally challenge and transform the epistemological foundations of collective memory itself. Grounded in decolonial theories and drawing from a shared resolution of decolonial memory activists across Germany, I illustrate three interwoven elements of hegemonic knowledge that are being challenged by decolonial memory activism: nationalism, temporality, and the storage model of memory. Through this lens, the paper suggests that an understanding of struggles over memory gains more depth by considering the epistemic dimensions of these struggles. Such an approach opens up new possibilities for peace and conflict research as well as for social and political transformations.
Human spinal height growth: a description of normal spine growth patterns and adult spine height prediction from a longitudinal cohort
Authors: Sanders James O. , Obudzinski Sarah E. , Karbach Lauren E. , Qiu Xing , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study describes spinal growth and predicts future growth by standardizing timing relative to the growth spurt.

Methods
From a longitudinal cohort of normal, healthy children followed through their growth, we identified those who completed their growth and compared spinal heights to chronological age and timing relative to the growth spurt. Anthropometrics and radiographs were correlated to identify heights to C1, T1, and S1 using three separate methods with validation performed by comparing to heights predicted by pelvic width. Heights and spinal lengths were normalized to percentages of adult lengths, and multipliers of growth remaining determined for both age and timing relative to PHV90% (peak height velocity defined by achieving 90% of final height) as adult length divided by current spine length. The age at PHV90% is termed Peak Growth Age (PGA)90%.

Results
Fifty-four subjects completed their growth at the study terminus (35f, 19 m). We identified multipliers allowing calculations of adult spine length based on the child’s current timing relative to peak growth. At PHV90%, children were 90% adult total height and 87% adult spine height. During childhood, spinal growth is 1.55 ± 0.21 cm/yr in girls, 1.14 ± 0.23 cm/yr in boys increasing to 1.75 ± 0.11 cm/yr in girls and 2 ± 0.11 cm/yr in boys during the growth spurt.

Conclusion
This study identifies multipliers of spinal growth determination and identifies their values relative to the adolescent growth spurt timing which is known to be closely related to skeletal maturity. Timing compared to the PGA90% provides reliable predictions of final spine length for both sexes.
Turning the Page on Hardcopy Risk Management Plan Educational Materials: Digitalization Made Possible
Authors: Ng Anabel , Celo Ayn Nova , Fernandes Beliz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract‘Risk Management Plan Educational Materials’ (RMP EMs) are additional risk minimization measures (aRMMs) intended to prevent or reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions associated with the exposure to a medicine, or to reduce their severity or impact on the patient. While the healthcare sector is embracing various digital tools and platforms for educational and/or awareness building purposes, paper-based materials have remained the mainstay approach for implementation of aRMMs by pharmaceutical companies. Novartis in Singapore conducted a pilot on the feasibility of distributing electronic copies of RMP EMs (e-RMP). Post-pilot, e-RMP was officially implemented in Novartis Singapore. A year following the launch of e-RMP, a survey was performed with healthcare professionals (HCPs) to understand end-users’ experience. The survey responses revealed a general preference by both HCPs and patients towards e-RMP. Digital methods of delivering educational aRMMs offer great benefits over traditional paper-based programs. e-RMP significantly reduces the time needed for updated RMP EMs to reach HCPs and their patients/caregivers. This is important to ensure that HCPs and patients/caregivers are made aware of any updates in key safety messages of the products in a timely manner to ultimately ensure patient safety. The successful transition to digital solutions requires purposeful collaborations between key stakeholders of the healthcare ecosystem including regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, HCPs, patients and caregivers. This article aims to provide insights on the digitalization journey of e-RMP, a case study in Singapore, outlining the value but also some of the challenges faced during this transformation.