bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familles contemporaines et pratiques numériques : quels ajustements pour quelles normes ?
Authors: Balleys Claire , Martin Olivier , Jochems Sylvie 
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche :Le savoir sociologique sur l’articulation entre pratiques numériques et vie familiale reste encore peu développé. C’est dans ce contexte que ce dossier et cet article introductif abordent les négociations conjugales et le lien parent/enfant qui sont transformés par ces pratiques numériques, les formes de surveillance médiées par ces technologies ou au contraire les nouvelles formes d’acquisition de l’autonomie, l’équilibre entre socialisation par les pairs et socialisation familiale ainsi que la relation entre usages de ces technologies et rôles sexués au sein des couples et des familles.Objectifs :Cet article introductif au dossier thématique vise à présenter l’état des recherches actuelles et à problématiser le corpus d’articles sélectionnés.Méthodologie : Grâce à une revue de la littérature, nous situons ce dossier spécial dans le contexte général des publications consacrées, depuis près de vingt ans, aux thématiques à l’interface des travaux sur la famille et des travaux sur les techniques de communications et l’internet.Résultats :Dans la première section, nous constatons qu’il s’agit d’un domaine de recherche à développer. Dans les sections suivantes, nous relevons que les contributions de ce numéro thématique ont amplement montré que les pratiques numériques des familles sont le reflet des normes sociales en vigueur, mais aussi des tensions parfois portées par ces normes. Si le constat n’est en soi pas nouveau (Pasquier, 2018), il est affiné par la multiplicité des acteurs, des discours et des méthodes d’enquête.Conclusions :Au terme du processus d’évaluation et de sélection des articles, ce dossier thématique se pose davantage comme porte-voix de sociologues marqués par un programme relationniste et un langage constructiviste. Ces articles traitent de fait d’intimité et s’inscrivent dans une sociologie du quotidien située au plus près des pratiques ordinaires. Les analyses à connotation déterministes technologiques (Jauréguiberry et Proulx, 2011) y sont de facto moins représentées. Il reste encore beaucoup de chantiers pour les acteurs et actrices de la recherche que toutes ces questions stimulent, et l’évolution des pratiques comme des techniques assurent que ces questions ne seront jamais épuisées.Contribution :Ce dossier thématique participe à cette conversation entre sociologies de l’individu face aux normes, où, pour les uns, l’individu est gouverné par les normes (structuralisme), et pour les autres, l’individu négocie et co-construit les normes de ces “bons usages” (pragmatisme, interactionnisme). De plus, cet article d’introduction au dossier thématique est une brève mais nécessaire archéologie des savoirs sociologiques et francophones sur les familles à l’ère numérique – manière de rappeler l’idée foucaldienne selon laquelle les corpus scientifiques, construits autour d’un objet de recherche, ne sont pas neutres.
Contemporary families and digital practices : which adjustments for which norms ?
Authors: Balleys Claire , Martin Olivier , Jochems Sylvie , Ferrachat Aude 
Published: July 2019

Research Framework :Sociological knowledge about the link between digital practices and family life still needs developing. It is within this context, this journal issue and introductory article explore how marital negotiations and parent-child relationships are being transformed by these digital practices, forms of surveillance mediated by these technologies or, conversely, new ways in which autonomy is attained, the balance between peer and familial socialisation, as well as the connection between gender roles and the ways in which these technologies are used by couples and families.Objectives :This introductory article is designed to present the current state of research on these topics and critically examine the corpus of articles included in this issue.Methodology :Through a review of the literature, we situate this special issue within a broader context of research that, for nearly twenty years, at the intersection of work on the family and work on communication technologies and the internet.Results :In the first section, we suggest that this field of research is yet to be developed. In the following sections, we will show how the articles in this themed issue largely demonstrate that family digital practices reflect current social norms, as well as the tensions these norms may create. Although this analysis is not new (Pasquier, 2018), it is refined by the multiplicity of actors, discourses, and methodologies.Conclusions :As a result of the evaluation and selection of the articles, this themed issue is intended to give a voice to sociologists influenced by a relationist approach and a constructivist language. These articles deal with intimacy and fall within the framework of the sociology of everyday life, taking a close look at ordinary practices. Technologicaly deterministic analyses (Jauréguilberry and Proulx, 2011) are therefore less present. Scholars interested in these topics will find that much remains to be done, and the constant evolution of these practices and technologies ensures that there will always be new questions to address.Contribution :This themed issue contributes to the dialogue between various sociological studies of the individual and his or her relationship to norms, where some believe that the norms govern the individual (structuralism), while others believe that the individual negotiate and co-creates the norms regulating these 'good practices' (pragmatism, interactionism). Moreover, this introductory article will provide a short but necessary survey of French-language sociological knowledge about families in the digital era   –   a way to remind ourselves and our readers of the Foucauldian idea that scientific works about a research topic are not neutral.
Les ressources numériques d’information offertes aux parents belges et canadiens francophones en réponse au problème de la cyberintimidation : une analyse critique du discours
Authors: Bégin Mathieu , T’Kint Alice , Fastrez Pierre , Landry Normand 
Published: July 2019

Cadre de la recherche : Le mot « cyberintimidation » désigne toute situation où une personne ou un groupe communique un contenu à l’aide des technologies socionumériques, dans le but de nuire au bien-être d’une tierce personne. Cette recherche porte sur les ressources numériques d’information (RNI) offertes aux parents belges et canadiens francophones, en réponse à ce problème social.
Objectifs : S’appuyant sur la théorie de l’analyse critique du discours, notre recherche vise à décrire les manières d’agir et les manières d’être les plus souvent proposées aux parents belges et canadiens francophones, puis à les évaluer au regard de ce que la recherche scientifique juge souhaitable dans ce domaine.
Méthodologie : Une analyse du discours de 17 RNI belges et de 35 RNI canadiennes a été réalisée. Toutes les propositions traduisant des manières d’agir et les manières d’être dans ces documents ont été classées dans des catégories d’analyse tirées de la documentation scientifique.
Résultats : Le discours des RNI belges prescrit des modes d’intervention en situation de cyberintimidation qui sont proactifs ; des actions préventives misant sur la promotion du respect d’autrui ; une éducation aux médias prescriptive de bons usages ; l’exercice d’une parentalité démocratique à tendance autoritaire. Le discours des RNI canadiennes prescrit des modes d’intervention en situation de cyberintimidation axés sur le bien-être de l’enfant-victime ; des actions préventives portées sur la compréhension de l’univers sociomédiatique des jeunes ; une éducation aux médias misant sur l’accompagnement et le dialogue ouvert ; l’exercice d’une parentalité démocratique à tendance permissive.
Conclusions : Les deux pays se distinguent sur plusieurs plans en matière de manières d’agir et de manières d’être promues dans les discours des RNI. Nos observations rejoignent les conclusions d’enquêtes montrant que l’exercice de la parentalité en Europe latine se fait selon un modèle plus autoritaire que celui qui est en vogue au Canada.
Contribution : Notre recherche confirme le postulat de la théorie de l’analyse critique du discours selon lequel les discours sont orientés par des connaissances de sens commun (croyances, normes, valeurs) géographiquement et culturellement situées.
Crónica de un viaje. Trabajos sobre la arquitectura teatral y la escenificación del teatro del Siglo de Oro
Authors: Bolaños Donoso Piedad , Reyes Peña Mercedes de los , Palacios Vicente , Ruesga Juan 
Published: July 2019

Este artículo describe la trayectoria de un grupo de trabajo dedicado a la investigación del Teatro del Siglo de Oro, especialmente a la arquitectura teatral de los corrales de comedias, a la maquinaria teatral o tramoya de los mismos y la escenificación de los espectáculos. El origen del equipo, trayectorias individuales y singularidad del grupo, ya que no se adscribe a ninguna institución pública. Y que utiliza la documentación filológica, la arquitectura y la reconstrucción virtual como herramientas vinculadas para ofrecer piezas de difusión, análisis y estudio en la materia que nos ocupa.
La importancia de llamarse Aylan. Fotografía y activismo en tiempos hiperconectados
Authors: González Gea Esther 
Published: July 2019

Resumen: El 3 de septiembre de 2015 muchos medios de comunicación amanecían con alguna de las imágenes tomadas a un niño sirio muerto en playas turcas tratando de huir de un país en guerra. El retrato del niño en cuestión, Aylan Kurdi, en primer plano con el rostro semioculto en la arena, viralizó en la red transformado por el clamor popular en forma de pequeños homenajes o mordaces críticas a la labor de Europa en el conflicto. Por un tiempo, pareció que el rumbo podía cambiar. El presente texto, parte de la relación establecida entre fotografía y guerra, para posteriormente ahondar en por qué esta representación y no otras acabó convirtiéndose en imagen icónica del conflicto sirio.
Palabras clave: Fotografía, guerra, Siria, Aylan Kurdi, imagen viral

Abstract: On 3 September 2015, many media outlets were dawning with some images taken of a Syrian boy killed on Turkish beaches trying to flee a country at war. The portrait of the child in question, Aylan Kurdi, in the foreground with his face half hidden in the sand, was transformed by the popular outcry into a small tribute or a scathing criticism of Europe's work in the conflict. For a while, it seemed like the course could change. This text, based on the relationship between photography and war, explores why this representation, and not others, became an iconic image of the Syrian conflict.
Keywords: Photography, war, Syria, Aylan Kurdi, viral image
Fotografía y post-realidad
Authors: Martí Testón Ana 
Published: July 2019

Resumen:
La ya eterna crisis de los principales valores tradicionales de la fotografía sigue cuestionando su esencia y su papel en nuestra sociedad postmoderna. La abundancia de imágenes que invaden las pantallas de nuestros teléfonos inteligentes ha terminado por conformar una nueva realidad virtual que se superpone a nuestro mundo real y físico hasta prácticamente su total disolución, en lo que vendría a ser un nuevo estado de conciencia, que podríamos definir como post-realidad. El advenimiento de nuevos dispositivos de realidad aumentada ampliaría estos límites para crear un nuevo tipo de imágenes capaces de retratar distintos ámbitos, ya alejados del puro consumo de identidades ficticias surgidos a raíz del uso de redes sociales como Instagram.
Palabras clave: Fotografía, post-realidad, Instagram, Realidad Aumentada
Resumen en inglés:
The already eternal crisis of the main traditional values of photography continues to question its essence and its role in our postmodern society. The abundance of images that invade the screens of our smartphones has ended up shaping a new virtual reality that overlaps our real and physical world until practically its total dissolution, in what would become a new state of consciousness, which we could define as post-reality. The advent of new augmented reality devices would expand these limits to create a new type of images capable of portraying different areas, already removed from the pure consumption of fictitious identities arising from the use of social networks like Instagram.
Key words: Photography, post-reality, Instagram, Augmented Reality
Score production and quantitative methods used by the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners for postexam analyses
Authors: Himelfarb Igor , Shotts Bruce L. , Tang Nai-En , Smith Margaret 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) uses a robust system for data analysis. The aim of this work is to introduce the reader to the process of score production and the quantitative methods used by the psychometrician and data analysts of the NBCE.

Methods:
The NBCE employs data validation, diagnostic analyses, and item response theory–based modeling of responses to estimate test takers' abilities and item-related parameters. For this article, the authors generated 1303 synthetic item responses to 20 multiple-choice items with 4 response options to each item. These data were used to illustrate and explain the processes of data validation, diagnostic item analysis, and item calibration based on item response theory.

Results:
The diagnostic item analysis is presented for items 1 and 5 of the data set. The 3-parameter logistic item response theory model was used for calibration. Numerical and graphical results are presented and discussed.

Conclusion:
Demands for data-driven decision making and evidence-based effectiveness create a need for objective measures to be used in educational program reviews and evaluations. Standardized test scores are often included in that array of objective measures. With this article, we offer transparency of score production used for NBCE testing.
Field Survey of Cassava Susceptibility to Termite Infestation as Influenced by Time, Scale and Management Strategy in Selected Owerri Agricultural Zones, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Ogbedeh K. O. , Epidi T. T. , Dialoke S. A. , Bosah B. O. , Ugwoke F. O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: In Africa, cassava provides a basic daily source of dietary energy and has gained popularity as one of the most important root crops in Nigeria especially in the Southern States. However, a thorough survey on cassava susceptibility to termite infestation in relation to time and management strategy has not received attention by farmers in Owerri (Southeastern Nigeria).
Study Design: Therefore, the need to carry out a field survey of cassava susceptibility to termite infestation as an influence by time, scale and management strategy in selected Owerri Agricultural zones.
Place and Duration of Study: The field survey was conducted in 2016 in four selected Agricultural zones of Owerri, Namely; Ezinnihite Mbaise (Zone 1), Owerri North (Zone 2), Mbaitoli (Zone 3) and Owerri West (Zone 4).
Methodology: A random selection of 30 cassava farmers from each of the study areas was made, totalling 120 respondents. Data were collected through structural questionnaire administration to the respondents on the four selected zones and were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics.
Results: Result shows that cassava stems were more susceptible to termite attack than tubers, especially during dry periods. Equally cassava devastation by termite occurred mostly at planting where newly planted cuttings suffered most. Termite infestation on cassava was more between January and May as well as between October and December. On the other hand, the use of chemical control either singly or in synergy with other non-chemical means to control termites appears to be very popular amongst respondents. Youths and mature adults were actively engaged in cassava farming, but the majority of them were unskilled by virtue of their low literacy levels.
Conclusion: Farmer education is recommended to enable the integration of pest/termite avoidance principle into termite control strategy.
Modeling the regulation of p53 activation by HIF‐1 upon hypoxia
Authors: Wang Ping , Guan Di , Zhang Xiao‐Peng , Liu Feng , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2019

As a famous tumor suppressor, p53 is also activated under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia‐inducuble factor 1, HIF‐1, is involved in the activation of p53 upon hypoxia. However, how p53 is modulated by the HIF‐1 pathway to decide cell fate is less understood. In this work, we developed a network model including p53 and HIF‐1 pathways to clarify the mechanism of cell fate decision in response to hypoxia. We found that HIF‐1α and p53 are activated under different conditions. Under moderate hypoxia, HIF‐1α is activated to induce glycolysis or angiogenesis, and promotes partial accumulation of p53 by inducing PNUTS. Under severe hypoxia, p53 rises to high levels due to ATR‐dependent stabilization and promotes Mdm2‐dependent HIF‐1α degradation. As a result, fully activated p53 triggers apoptosis. Of note, competition for p300 between HIF‐1α and p53 plays a key role in regulating their transcriptional activities. This work may advance the understanding of the mechanism for p53 regulation by HIF‐1 in the hypoxic response.
Infertility Among African American Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Compared to Healthy Women: A Pilot Study
Authors: Angley Meghan , Lim S. Sam , Spencer Jessica B. , Howards Penelope P. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveSome treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause infertility, but the effect of SLE itself on fertility, particularly in African American women, is less clear. We undertook this study to examine infertility experiences in African American women with SLE compared to healthy women.MethodsWe enrolled women ages 22–40 years living in the Atlanta metropolitan area who were diagnosed with SLE after age 17 years. Women who had ever been treated with cyclophosphamide or who had a hysterectomy were excluded. African American women ages 22–40 years who were from the same area and recruited from a marketing list were used for comparison. Women were interviewed about their reproductive histories and goals. Periods of infertility were identified as times when women had regular, unprotected sex for ≥12 months without conceiving after 20 years of age. We separately considered any period of infertility and periods of infertility when attempting pregnancy. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between SLE and time to infertility. Models were adjusted for age, nulliparity, and smoking. An age‐matched analysis was also conducted to examine periods of infertility occurring after SLE diagnosis.ResultsOur sample included 75 women with SLE and 154 women without SLE. SLE was associated with any infertility (adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] 2.08 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.38–3.15]), but less so with infertility when attempting pregnancy (HRadj 1.30 [95% CI 0.62–2.71]). The matched analysis generated similar point estimates.ConclusionWomen with SLE may be more likely to experience episodes of infertility, but this may not translate to an inability to meet reproductive goals.
Co3O4 Nanoparticles with Ultrasmall Size and Abundant Oxygen Vacancies for Boosting Oxygen Involved Reactions
Authors: Li Zhe , Zhang Yan , Feng Yi , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Qiu Kang‐Wen , Dong Cun‐Ku , Liu Hui , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUltrasmall size and abundant defects are two crucial factors for improving the performance of catalysts. However, it is a big challenge to introduce defects into ultrafine catalysts because of the surface tension and self‐purification effect of the nanoparticles. In the present work, physical laser fragmentation with chemical oxidization reaction is combined to synthesize Co3O4 nanoparticles (L‐CO) with ultrasmall size (≈2.1 nm) as well as abundant oxygen vacancies, thus providing an effective solution to the long‐standing contradiction between the size reduction and defect generation. The ultrasmall particle size allows more catalytic sites to be exposed. The surficial oxygen vacancies enhance the intrinsic activity, while the internal oxygen vacancies improve the electron transfer, and all of these benefits make L‐CO an active and durable bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction/evolutions. As the air cathode of zinc–air battery, L‐CO displays excellent rechargeable performance with a power density of ≈337 mW cm−2, outperforming the commercial noble metal couple (Pt/C+RuO2).
Plasma Enabled Conformal and Damage Free Encapsulation of Fragile Molecular Matter: from Surface‐Supported to On‐Device Nanostructures
Authors: Alcaire Maria , Aparicio Francisco J. , Obrero José , López‐Santos Carmen , Garcia‐Garcia Francisco J. , Sánchez‐Valencia Juan R. , Frutos Fabián , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken) , Borrás Ana , Barranco Angel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDamage‐free encapsulation of molecular structures with functional nanolayers is crucial to protect nanodevices from environmental exposure. With nanoscale electronic, optoelectronic, photonic, sensing, and other nanodevices based on atomically thin and fragile organic matter shrinking in size, it becomes increasingly challenging to develop nanoencapsulation that is simultaneously conformal at atomic scale and does not damage fragile molecular networks, while delivering added device functionality. This work presents an effective, plasma‐enabled, potentially universal approach to produce highly conformal multifunctional organic films to encapsulate atomically thin graphene layers and metalorganic nanowires, without affecting their molecular structure and atomic bonding. Deposition of adamantane precursor and gentle remote plasma chemical vapor deposition are synergized to assemble molecular fragments and cage‐like building blocks and completely encapsulate not only the molecular structures, but also the growth substrates and device elements upon nanowire integration. The films are insulating, transparent, and conformal at sub‐nanometer scale even on near‐tip high‐curvature areas of high‐aspect‐ratio nanowires. The encapsulated structures are multifunctional and provide effective electric isolation, chemical and environmental protection, and transparency in the near‐UV–visible–near‐infrared range. This single‐step, solvent‐free remote‐plasma approach preserves and guides molecular building blocks thus opening new avenues for precise, atomically conformal nanofabrication of fragile nanoscale matter with multiple functionalities.