bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy via helical tomotherapy: a phase II study
Authors: Du Lei , Zhang Xin Xin , Feng Lin Chun , Chen Jing , Yang Jun , Liu Hai Xia , Xu Shou Ping , Xie Chuan Bin , Ma Lin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term safety and efficacy of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) delivered via helical tomotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods
Between August 2011 and September 2013, 132 newly diagnosed NPC patients were enrolled for a prospective phase II study. The prescription doses delivered to the gross tumor volume (pGTVnx) and positive lymph nodes (pGTVnd), the high risk planning target volume (PTV1), and the low risk planning target volume (PTV2), were 67.5 Gy (2.25 Gy/F), 60 Gy (2.0 Gy/F), and 54 Gy (1.8 Gy/F), in 30 fractions, respectively. Acute toxicities were evaluated according to the established RTOG/EORTC criteria. This group of patients was compared with the 190 patients in the retrospective P70 study, who were treated between September 2004 and August 2009 with helical tomotherapy, with a dose of 70-74 Gy/33F/6.5W delivered to pGTVnx and pGTVnd.

Results
The median follow-up was 23.7 (12–38) months. Acute radiation related side-effects were mainly problems graded as 1 or 2. Only a small number of patients suffered from grade 4 leucopenia (4.5%) or thrombocytopenia (2.3%). The local relapse-free survival (LRFS), nodal relapse-free survival (NRFS), local-nodal relapse-free survival (LNRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and overall survival (OS) were 96.7%, 95.5%, 92.2%, 92.7% and 93.2%, at 2 years, respectively, with no significant difference compared with the P70 study.

Conclusions
Smart delivered via the helical tomotherapy technique appears to be associated with an acceptable acute toxicity profile and favorable short-term outcomes for patients with NPC. Long-term toxicities and patient outcomes are under investigation.
Effect of photon energy spectrum on dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources
Authors: Ghorbani Mahdi , Mehrpouyan Mohammad , Davenport David , Ahmadi Moghaddas Toktam 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of the photon energy spectrum of brachytherapy sources on task group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetric parameters.

Background
Different photon spectra are used for a specific radionuclide in Monte Carlo simulations of brachytherapy sources.

Materials and methods
MCNPX code was used to simulate 125I, 103Pd, 169Yb, and 192Ir brachytherapy sources. Air kerma strength per activity, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and two dimensional (2D) anisotropy functions were calculated and isodose curves were plotted for three different photon energy spectra. The references for photon energy spectra were: published papers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). The data calculated by these photon energy spectra were compared.

Results
Dose rate constant values showed a maximum difference of 24.07% for 103Pd source with different photon energy spectra. Radial dose function values based on different spectra were relatively the same. 2D anisotropy function values showed minor differences in most of distances and angles. There was not any detectable difference between the isodose contours.

Conclusions
Dosimetric parameters obtained with different photon spectra were relatively the same, however it is suggested that more accurate and updated photon energy spectra be used in Monte Carlo simulations. This would allow for calculation of reliable dosimetric data for source modeling and calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning systems.
Screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ found on stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of suspicious microcalcifications without mass: radiological-histological correlation
Authors: Szynglarewicz Bartlomiej , Kasprzak Piotr , Biecek Przemyslaw , Halon Agnieszka , Matkowski Rafal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundCommonly identified on screening mammography breast microcalcifications are the predominant manifestation of ductal carcinomain situ(DCIS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinico-radiological features and histological findings in patients with screen-detected DCIS.Patients and methodsConsecutive 127 patients with pure DCIS found on stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of screen-detected suspicious microcalcifications without mass entered the study. Patient age, type and distribution of microcalcifications, DCIS nuclear grade (NG) and the presence of comedonecrosis were investigated. Association between parameters was statistically analysed with P < 0.05 as a significance level. Results. Powdery microcalcifications were most often clustered while regional were most common of casting-type (P < 0.001). High, intermediate and low NG of DCIS was significantly related to casting-type, crushed stone-like and powdery microcalcifications, respectively (P < 0.01). Low and intermediate NG DCIS were the most common in clustered and grouped microcalcifications while high NG DCIS was the most often when regional distribution was observed (P < 0.05). Comedonecrosis was significantly more common in high NG DCIS (P < 0.01). The association between comedonecrosis and type of microcalcifications was not significant, but with their distribution was close to the significance level (P = 0.07). Patient age was not significantly related to imaging or histological findings.ConclusionsThe association between pattern of mammographic microcalcifications and histological findings related to more aggressive disease can be helpful in optimal surgery planning in patients with screen-detected DCIS, regarding the extent of breast intervention and consideration of synchronous sentinel node biopsy.
Evaluation for VOF Simulation of Flow Field in Asphalt Foaming Chamber Based on Volume Fraction
Authors: Liu Fu-Min , Wang An-Lin , Fu Zhen-Sheng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Asphalt with high viscosity, air, and water constitutes multi-phase turbulent flow accompanied by complex dynamic phenomena such as heat transfer and phase transition in the foaming chamber during the asphalt foaming process. The foaming process is difficult to fully describe by mathematical model. In order to establish the correspondence between the approximate simulation flow field in the foaming chamber and the physical experiment, it is necessary to propose a reasonable evaluation method for the flow field simulation in the foaming chamber. Approximate numerical expression of asphalt foaming process is established by the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase flow calculation method combined with self-defined phase and mass transfer functions. Based on the principle of asphalt foaming, effective foaming area is defined as the area where temperature is ≥100°C, volume fraction of asphalt is ≥0.5, and volume fraction of water vapor is between 0.1 and 0.4. The ratio of the effective foaming area to the total flow field is taken as the evaluation index. The proportion of effective foaming area obtained by asphalt foaming numerical simulation is compared with the expansion rate and half-life obtained by asphalt foaming experiments with three foaming chambers of different sizes. The comparison shows that ratio of effective foaming area has the same tendency as expansion rate and half-life. And the simulation evaluation index is verified. Suggestions are put forward on the structure design of asphalt foaming chamber based on the distribution of effective foaming area. It shows that this method achieves rapid theoretical evaluation of foaming chamber structure and could be used for the optimal design of foaming chamber.
Rapid Disinhibition by Adjustment of PV Intrinsic Excitability during Whisker Map Plasticity in Mouse S1
Authors: Gainey Melanie A. , Aman Joseph W. , Feldman Daniel E. 
Published: April 2018

Rapid plasticity of layer (L) 2/3 inhibitory circuits is an early step in sensory cortical map plasticity, but its cellular basis is unclear. We show that, in mice of either sex, 1 d whisker deprivation drives the rapid loss of L4-evoked feedforward inhibition and more modest loss of feedforward excitation in L2/3 pyramidal (PYR) cells, increasing the excitation-inhibition conductance ratio. Rapid disinhibition was due to reduced L4-evoked spiking by L2/3 parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, caused by reduced PV intrinsic excitability. This included elevated PV spike threshold, which is associated with an increase in low-threshold, voltage-activated delayed rectifier (presumed Kv1) and A-type potassium currents. Excitatory synaptic input and unitary inhibitory output of PV cells were unaffected. Functionally, the loss of feedforward inhibition and excitation was precisely coordinated in L2/3 PYR cells, so that peak feedforward synaptic depolarization remained stable. Thus, the rapid plasticity of PV intrinsic excitability offsets early weakening of excitatory circuits to homeostatically stabilize synaptic potentials in PYR cells of sensory cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInhibitory circuits in cerebral cortex are highly plastic, but the cellular mechanisms and functional importance of this plasticity are incompletely understood. We show that brief (1 d) sensory deprivation rapidly weakens parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory circuits by reducing the intrinsic excitability of PV neurons. This involved a rapid increase in voltage-gated potassium conductances that control near-threshold spiking excitability. Functionally, the loss of PV-mediated feedforward inhibition in L2/3 pyramidal cells was precisely balanced with the separate loss of feedforward excitation, resulting in a net homeostatic stabilization of synaptic potentials. Thus, rapid plasticity of PV intrinsic excitability implements network-level homeostasis to stabilize synaptic potentials in sensory cortex.
Deferoxamine ameliorates adipocyte dysfunction by modulating iron metabolism in ob/ob mice
Authors: Yan Hong-Fa , Liu Zhao-Yu , Guan Zhi-Ang , Guo Chuang 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe mechanisms underlying obesity and anti-obesity processes have garnered remarkable attention as potential therapeutic targets for obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Our prior work has shown the healing efficacy of iron reduction therapies for hepatic steatosis in a rodent model of diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated how iron depletion by deferoxamine (DFO) affected adipocyte dysfunction in the epididymal adipose tissues of ob/ob mice.MethodsMale ob/ob mice were assigned to either a vehicle-treated or DFO-treated group. DFO (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally for 15 days.ResultsWe confirmed that iron deposits were statistically increased in the epididymal fat pad of 26-week-old ob/ob mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. DFO significantly improved vital parameters of adipose tissue biology by reducing reactive oxygen species and inflammatory marker (TNFα, IL-2, IL-6, and Hepcidin) secretion, by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-targeted proteins, and by altering adipocytic iron-, glucose- and lipid-associated metabolism proteins. Meanwhile, hypertrophic adipocytes were decreased in size, and insulin signaling pathway-related proteins were also activated after 15 days of DFO treatment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that dysfunctional iron homeostasis contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance in adipose tissues of ob/ob mice. Further investigation is required to develop safe iron chelators as effective treatment strategies against obesity, with potential for rapid clinical application.
The Activity of Social and Psychological Rehabilitation Centres for Families in Ivano-Frankivsk Region (Ukraine)
Authors: Stynska Victoriia , Tytun Oksana 
Published: April 2018

The article deals with the work of social and psychological services in Ivano-Frankivsk region (Regional Center of social and psychological help in the village Verkhovyna, district Verkhovyna, Municipal social rehabilitation center of mother and child “Mistechko myloserdia sviatogo Mykolaia”, Interregional center of social and psychological rehabilitation of children in the village Medynia, district Galytskyi). The centers aim at implementation of new forms of social support of women, prevention of abandonment and child's social orphanhood, providing social, psychological, pedagogical, medical and legal assistance.
The centers carry out the activity on principles of human rights protection, humanity, legitimacy, availability, mutual respect and confidentiality.
It has been found that the centers aim at: social and psychological diagnostics; psychological and pedagogical help, social and medical care; correction-developing work; adaptation to family environment and legal assistance.
It was concluded that centers of social and psychological rehabilitation of families in Ivano-Frankivsk region due to the wide range of tasks have become special places (schools) of pedagogical, psychological and medical help to the children, young people and families with children in difficult life situations
The Personality of a Teacher in the Good Doing of Academician Ivan Zyazyun (to the 80th Birthday Anniversary)
Authors: Vasianovych Hryhoriy 
Published: April 2018

The article analyzes the works by academician Ivan Zyazyun in the framework of the teacher’s good doing. It is proved that the prominent scientist of Ukraine considered this problem on the humanistic principles of human creation and the existential nature of human existence. I. Zyazyun states that human is the only living being that does not belong to its lineage group from the moment of birth. Its human essence is acquired throughout whole life. I. Zyazyun as the philosopher and the teacher substantiated the opinion, according to which the worldview of a personality becomes determinant in the process of good going. The humanistic worldview of the personality of a teacher allows creating of his/her own activity aimed at mental, spiritual and intellectual development of students, and to treat them as active and equal subjects of the educational process. Good doing of a teacher forms the spiritual elite of the nation. The spiritual elite is distinguished by the fact that it forms the ideals of good, unites the best forces of the nation to make new cultural achievements. The scholar paid considerable attention to the issues of forming common and collective good doing. It allows all the members of the team to act responsibly, actively and productively for the approval of not only individual but also the common good and welfare
A Formação Continuada de Diretoras da Rede de Educação Básica em São José dos Campos-SP
Authors: Pocker Erika Pastorelli , Calil Ana Maria Gimenes Corrêa 
Published: April 2018

Neste artigo se apresenta uma pesquisa referente à formação continuada de diretoras da rede de ensino em São José dos Campos/SP. Inicialmente um grupo focal foi realizado com dez gestoras da Educação Básica, no qual foram expostas opiniões sobre temas como o gerenciamento de conflitos, e a presença da capacitação em seu trabalho. Coletamos apontamentos da literatura especializada sobre os temas discutidos, valendo-se de reflexões sobre a formação do diretor, e as transformações que redefiniram o seu papel. Explorando o conteúdo discutido no encontro com as diretoras, procurou-se oferecer subsídios para um programa de formação continuada oferecida a essas lideranças. anguage:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: AR-SA'>Grupo de Pesquisa Educação, Formação de Professores, Metodologias e Diversidade
El cine como arte: un estudio comparativo de las teorias estéticas de R. Canudo, R Arheim y W. Benjamin
Authors: Frau Pablo 
Published: April 2018

El estudio aborda el proceso inicial de la construcción teórica del cine como arte. El trabajo recupera tres textos fundamentales mostrando como éstos representan tres fases significativas de ese proceso de construcción teórica. Una primera fase, donde el cine es presentado como la culminación de las Bellas Artes tradicionales; una segunda fase, donde el cine empieza a ser entendido como un medio artístico nuevo y con un potencial artístico propio y, finalmente, una tercera fase, donde se plantea la cuestión de la inadecuación de la obra de arte cinematográfica al sistema conceptual estético clásico, la necesidad de un reformulamiento del mismo, las transformaciones que se derivan para el arte, así como la cuestión del impacto sobre la experiencia estética consecuencia de la emergencia de este nuevo medio audiovisual mecanizado.
Norbert Elias e Mozart como outsiders: memórias de infância e figuração social
Authors: Sarat Magda , Suttana Renato 
Published: April 2018

Inspirando-se na obra teórica de Norbert Elias, as ciências humanas têm avançado nos diferentes contextos investigativos, com desdobramentos importantes e variados. O presente artigo é um recorte de pesquisas que temos desenvolvido sobre temas como memória, infância e literatura, com base numa fundamentação teórica elisiana. Particularmente, temos recorrido às contribuições desse pensador para tratar, em especial, os temas da educação e da formação dos indivíduos desde a infância. Neste artigo, utilizando como fontes as obras do próprio Elias e textos biográficos de comentadores, buscaremos elementos que ajudem a compreender a pessoa desse sociólogo brilhante, que no entanto foi considerado um outsider ao longo de sua trajetória humana e intelectual. Sugestionados pelo livro Mozart: sociologia de um gênio, no qual Elias, ao escrever sobre o músico austríaco, revela traços de sua própria personalidade, queremos analisar e enfocar essa trajetória, com ênfase especial nas memórias de infância, às quais Elias recorre para externar suas percepções sobre os outsiders, tema fundamental de suas postulações. Estudaremos também o modo como o conceito de outsider, na modernidade, indica o lugar social do indivíduo no processo civilizador e nos diferentes grupos, marcando as trajetórias coletivas e individuais dos seres humanos. Palavras chave: Norbert Elias — Memória — Infância — Estabelecidos e Outsiders
Brinquedos observados no ambiente domiciliar de lactentes: uma comparação entre meninos e meninas
Authors: Bontorim Bianca Alves Almozara , Miquelote Audrei Fortunato , Coppola Cassiana Do Amaral , Cunha Andrea Baraldi , Padovani Gabriella , Silva Vanessa Araújo , Santos Denise Castilho Cabrera 
Published: April 2018

Introdução: Brinquedos são fonte de estímulo ao desenvolvimento infantil na medida em que proporcionam affordances (possibilidades de ação motora). Embora diversos estudos investiguem affordances no ambiente domiciliar, nenhum observou se há diferenças entre lactentes meninos e meninas. Objetivo: avaliar os brinquedos disponíveis no ambiente domiciliar de bebês do sexo masculino e feminino. Método: Estudo observacional e transversal, no qual participaram 30 lactentes, 15 do sexo feminino, idade média de 7(±1) meses. Para o levantamento dos brinquedos no ambiente domiciliar, foi utilizado o questionário Affordances no Ambiente Domiciliar para o Desenvolvimento Motor– Escala Bebê (AHEMD-IS), dimensões brinquedos de motricidade fina e grossa. Para caracterização do grupo foram coletados dados do nascimento do bebê e da condição econômica da família. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizando o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para baixa quantidade de brinquedos disponíveis no ambiente domiciliar dos lactentes. Não foi observada associação significativa na disponibilidade de brinquedos entre meninas e meninos. Conclusão: Considerando que os brinquedos oferecem oportunidades de ação para o desenvolvimento motor dos bebês, o estudo mostrou restrição de affordances (possibilidades de ação motora) relacionadas a essa dimensão do ambiente, o que pode repercutir no desempenho motor dos lactentes.
Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Algı (BÖTE-TCE Algı) Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: BARAN Bahar , SİYEZ Didem Müge , KAPTANOĞLU Şirin Nur 
Published: April 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri Eğitimi’nde öğrenim görmekte
olan öğrencilerin toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğine yönelik algılarının
belirlenebilmesi için bir ölçek geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Alanyazın
taraması ve yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar ölçeğin madde havuzunun
oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamıştır. Ölçeğin kapsam geçerliğini değerlendirmek
için alan uzmanları deneme maddelerini uygun, madde hafifçe gözden geçirilmeli,
madde ciddi şekilde gözden geçirilmeli ve uygun değil olarak değerlendirmiştir.
Bu çalışmada Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi
(DFA) için iki ayrı çalışma grubu vardır. Birinci çalışma grubu olan 157 (88
erkek ve 69 kadın) öğrenciden elde edilen veriler ile madde analizi, yapı
geçerliği (AFA), güvenirlik analizi ve dış ölçüt geçerliği analizi
yürütülmüştür. Alt üst %27’lik gruplar
belirlenerek yürütülen madde analizi sonrası 36 deneme maddesinden 15 madde
kalmıştır. AFA sonrası ölçekte 14 madde kalmıştır. Ölçek tek faktörlü ve
varyansın %53,89’unu açıklamaktadır. Cronbach Alfa katsayısı 0,93 olarak
bulunmuştur. Dış ölçüt geçerliğini değerlendirmek için, Toplumsal Cinsiyet
Algısı Ölçeği ile geliştirilmiş ölçek arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren Pearson
ilişki katsayısı 0,54 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçekten elde edilen puanların
cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Ardından 197
öğrenciden (122 erkek ve 75 kadın) elde edilen verilerle DFA yapılmış ve tek
faktörlü yapı doğrulanmıştır. Bu grupta da ölçeğin Cronbach alfa katsayısı 0,95
olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak bu ölçeğin BÖTE öğrencilerinin toplumsal
cinsiyet algılarını değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu
söylenebilir.
Prevalence and clinical profile of celiac disease among malnourished children in South Rajasthan, India
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Mandot Sanjay 
Published: April 2018

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is the most common genetically related food intolerance, worldwide. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence and clinical profile of malnourished children.Methods: It was a prospective and observational study. The present study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan. Two hundred and one children were studied. All malnourished children were initially selected and those fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. A detailed interview of all the children/parents was conducted regarding symptoms commonly associated with celiac disease. All cases found positive for t-TGA (>10au/ml) were subjected to upper GI Endoscopy. Subjects were labelled as celiac disease if tissue trans-glutaminase IgA antibodies were >10 au/ml and histopathology was suggestive. Statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA test and Chi-square as per requirements also Fisher exact and Man Whitney were applied.Results: Celiac disease was present in 23.9% of malnourished patients. Most common presenting symptoms were diarrhoea (40.2%), abdominal distension (39.9%) and abdominal pain (36.8%) and most common clinical sign was pallor, which was present in more than three-fourth of the patients (85.9%) followed by multivitamin deficiency (25.4%).Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of Celiac disease in malnourished children. Screening for Celiac disease (especially in presence of diarrhoea and abdominal distension, pain abdomen) should be an essential part of work-up in all malnourished children.