bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of aberrant crypt foci with image-enhanced endoscopy
Authors: Kagemoto Kaizo , Okamoto Koichi , Takaoka Toshi , Sato Yasushi , Kitamura Shinji , Kimura Tetsuo , Sogabe Masahiro , Miyamoto Hiroshi , Muguruma Naoki , Tsuneyama Koichi , Takayama Tetsuji 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Conventional detection of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) with dye-spraying and magnifying observation is labor- and skill-intensive. We performed a prospective non-inferiority study to investigate the utility of image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) for detection of ACF.
Patients and methods Patients with a history of colorectal neoplasm were eligible. The number of ACF in the lower rectum was counted first using IEE magnification with narrow-band imaging (NBI) or blue-laser imaging (BLI), and subsequently using the methylene blue method. The primary endpoint was the ACF detection rate with IEE, i. e., the number of ACF detected with IEE relative to the number of ACF detected with methylene blue. The secondary endpoints were bowel preparation time, ACF detection time, and the detection rate with NBI or BLI.
Results A total of 40 patients were enrolled (NBI 20 and BLI 20). The overall detection rate for ACF with IEE was 81.7 % (503/616; 95 %CI 78.8 – 84.6 %), meeting the primary endpoint. The detection rate for ACF with BLI (84.9 %, 258/304) was significantly higher than with NBI (78.5 %, 245/312; P < 0.05). Both bowel preparation time and ACF detection time were significantly shorter with IEE versus the methylene blue method (P < 0.01, respectively). The detection rates for dysplastic and non-dysplastic ACF with IEE were 84.4 % (27/32) and 80.3 % (469/584), respectively.
Conclusion IEE is able to detect ACF during colonoscopy with sensitivity non-inferior to that of the conventional methylene blue method. IEE is simpler than the methylene blue method and is therefore a potentially useful new tool for ACF detection.
Ergebnisse nach prophylaktischer totaler Gastrektomie bei erblichem diffusem Magenkrebs
Authors: Pantelis Dimitrios , Lingohr Philipp , Hueneburg Robert , Spier Isabel , Vilz Tim , Lau Jan F. , Nattermann Jacob , Aretz Stefan , Strassburg Christian P. , Kalff Jörg C. 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die prophylaktische totale Gastrektomie ist die Therapie der Wahl bei Patienten mit nachgewiesener pathogener Keimbahnmutation im CDH1-Gen und hierdurch hohem Risiko für die Entwicklung eines diffusen hereditären Magenkarzinoms (HDGC). Minimalinvasive Operationsverfahren wurden in den letzten Jahren im Bereich der onkologischen Magenchirurgie etabliert.
Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt 12 Patienten wurden zwischen 2013 und März 2018 in unserem Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen aufgrund einer nachgewiesenen CDH1-Keimbahnmutation betreut und in unserer Klinik prophylaktisch gastrektomiert. Die perioperativen Ergebnisse wurden in einer Datenbank prospektiv erfasst.
Ergebnisse Es erfolgte in 5 Fällen eine offene (Zeitraum: 2013 – 2015) und in 7 Fällen eine minimalinvasive (Zeitraum: 2016 – 2017) prophylaktische Gastrektomie. Das mediane Alter im Gesamtkollektiv (7 Frauen und 5 Männer) lag bei 42 (19 – 60) Jahren. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit betrug 291 ± 72 Minuten (offen: 269 ± 70; minimalinvasiv: 307 ± 75). Die perioperative 60-Tage-Mortalität und die Anastomoseninsuffizienzrate betrugen 0%. Bei 3 Patienten kam es zu postoperativen Komplikationen (jeweils einmal II, IIIa, IVb nach Clavien-Dindo-Klassifikation), entsprechend einer Morbidität von 25% (3/12). Die postoperative Liegedauer lag bei 14,5 ± 6,2 Tagen (offen: 16,2 ± 7,9; minimalinvasiv: 13,3 ± 5,0). Bei 10 Patienten (10/12; 83%) wurden in der histologischen Aufarbeitung intramukosale Karzinome (pT1a) diagnostiziert, 9 davon mit multifokaler Ausbreitung. Fortgeschrittene Karzinome (≥ pT1b) und Lymphknotenmetastasen lagen in keinem Fall vor.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit Verdacht auf ein erhöhtes Risiko für ein hereditäres diffuses Magenkarzinom sollten in einem interdisziplinären Zentrum für erbliche Tumorerkrankungen betreut werden. Die minimalinvasive (laparoskopische) prophylaktische totale Gastrektomie ist ein machbares und sicheres risikoreduzierendes Verfahren bei Patienten mit CDH1-Genmutation und erblichem Magenkrebs. Demzufolge sollte, bei fehlenden Kontraindikationen und vorhandener Expertise, die minimalinvasive Operation bei diesem speziellen Kollektiv das Standardverfahren sein.
Subcutaneous Administration of Insulin is Associated With Regional
Differences in Injection Depot Variability and Kinetics in The
Rat
Authors: Gradel Anna Katrina Jógvansdóttir , Porsgaard Trine , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Brockhoff Per Bruun , Seested Torben , Refsgaard Hanne Hoffmann Frølund 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background In humans, subcutaneous administration of insulin in the
abdominal region or arm is associated with a faster absorption compared to
the thigh or buttocks. We hypothesised that this is partly caused by
differences in injection depot structure and kinetics and that the
variability in insulin exposure differs between injection sites.
Material and methods Regional effects on insulin pharmacokinetics
were evaluated in a series of studies in Sprague Dawley rats dosed
subcutaneously with insulin aspart in the neck or flank. Injection depots
were visualised using µCT after subcutaneous dosing with insulin
aspart mixed with the contrast agent iomeprol, and insulin exposure was
determined between the scans by Luminescent Oxygen Channeling
Immunoassay.
Results Insulin absorption was significantly delayed by subcutaneous
dosing in the flank compared to the neck region (p<0.01 or less).
This delay was associated with smaller depots, as measured by reduced depot
volume and surface area (p<0.001). Furthermore, the delayed
absorption correlated with a slower depot disappearance (p<0.001).
Regional differences in depot variability were not reflected by similar
differences in pharmacokinetic variability.
Conclusion Structure and kinetics of subcutaneous injection
depots—as detected by µCT scans—predict insulin
exposure and may thus contribute to the regional differences in insulin
pharmacokinetics. The present methodology is applicable for visualisation of
insulin injection depots in vivo. Our results did however not support
a link between the variability in depot size and insulin
pharmacokinetics.
Gender Differences in Intra-articular and Extra-articular Injuries Associated with Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Kripesh Aishwarya , Chan Chloe Xiaoyun , Krishna Lingaraj 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFemales are well known to have a two to nine times increase in relative risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture as compared with males. However, there is limited literature available regarding the rates of associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries associated with ACL ruptures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the gender differences in intra-articular and extra-articular injuries associated with ACL ruptures in an acute setting. Therefore, in the cross-sectional study of consecutive patients, all patients who underwent ACL reconstruction in a single institution were identified if they had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done within 6 weeks of sustaining the injury and if their injury was sustained during sports activities. Patients were excluded if they had prior surgery in the affected knee, including revision ACL reconstructions. A musculoskeletal MRI radiologist blinded to the study's purpose then reported the incidence of ligamentous injuries, meniscal tears, chondral injuries, and bone contusions. Correlations were then performed between the patient's gender and the prevalence of these associated injuries. A total of 304 patients were included in the study. Comparison between males and females revealed no gender differences for the associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries of acute ACL rupture. These include the prevalence of medial collateral ligament injuries (p = 0.118), lateral collateral ligament injuries (p = 0.445), medial meniscus injuries (p = 0.874), lateral meniscus injuries (p = 0.612), chondral injuries (p = 0.331), medial (p = 0.143) and lateral femoral condyle bone contusions (p = 0.246), and medial (p = 0.787) and lateral tibial plateau bone contusions (p = 0.765). In conclusion, males and females have similar rates of associated intra-articular and extra-articular injuries after ACL rupture in the acute setting. These include associated collateral ligament injuries, meniscal injuries, chondral injuries, and bone contusions. The level of evidence is Level II.
Thromboelastometry as an Alternative Method for Coagulation Assessment in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Invasive Procedures: A Pilot Study
Authors: Durila Miroslav , Jonas Jakub , Durilova Marianna , Rygl Michal , Skrivan Jiri , Vymazal Tomas 
Published: August 2018

Introduction Standard coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and prothrombin time [PT]) are used for the assessment of coagulation profile in critically ill pediatric patients undergoing invasive interventions such as insertion of central venous catheter, tonsillectomy, laparotomy, etc. However, these tests do not reflect the profile of whole blood coagulation. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) as a point of care (POC) viscoelastic test may serve as an alternative method. Due to its ability to assess coagulation profile of the whole blood, it might yield normal results despite prolonged aPTT/PT results. The aim of this study was to find out if there was any severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures if ROTEM test was normal despite prolonged values of aPTT/PT in pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for the years 2015 to 2017 for pediatric patients with prolonged values of aPTT or PT and normal ROTEM tests—internal thromboelastometry (INTEM) (assessing internal pathway of coagulation) and external thromboelastometry (EXTEM) (assessing external pathway of coagulation)—and we looked for severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures.
Results In 26 pediatric patients (children from 2 months to 17 years old), we found that INTEM and EXTEM tests showed normal coagulation despite prolonged values of aPTT ratio with a median of 1.47 (minimum 1.04 and maximum 2.05), international normalized ratio with a median of 1.4 (minimum 0.99 and maximum 2.10), and PT ratio with a median of 1.30 (minimum 0.89 and maximum 2.11). In these patients, no severe bleeding was observed during interventions or postoperatively.
Conclusion Our data support using thromboelastometry method as an alternative coagulation test for the assessment of coagulation profile in pediatric patients undergoing surgical or other invasive procedures, especially using it as a POC test. All invasive procedures in our study were performed without severe bleeding despite prolonged values of PT/aPTT with normal ROTEM results. It seems that ROTEM assessment of coagulation may lead to decreased administration of fresh frozen plasma and shorten time of patient preparation for intervention.
Energy transfer-enhanced photocatalytic reduction of protons within quantum dot light-harvesting–catalyst assemblies
Authors: Kodaimati Mohamad S. , Lian Shichen , Schatz George C. , Weiss Emily A. 
Published: August 2018

SignificanceA feature of natural photosynthetic systems is their ability to operate with the low photon flux of sunlight, where the absorption of light and transport of photochemical potential to the catalytic centers is efficiency-limiting. Natural systems overcome this limitation through a process called energy transfer, where quanta of energy are gathered by many weakly coupled light-absorbing centers that pass the energy among themselves to funnel it to a single catalytic reaction center. Prior to this report, this type of energy migration-based approach to light-powered chemistry has not been employed in artificial photocatalytic systems. This work demonstrates the viability of energy-transfer–based sensitization in colloidal photocatalytic assemblies and provides a framework for its incorporation into scalable solar energy conversion systems.
Structural basis for the inhibition of poxvirus assembly by the antibiotic rifampicin
Authors: Garriga Damià , Headey Stephen , Accurso Cathy , Gunzburg Menachem , Scanlon Martin , Coulibaly Fasséli 
Published: August 2018

Significance
Most antibiotics do not interfere with viral infections. Rifampicin is a notable exception, as it inhibits several poxviruses, including the causative agent of smallpox. However, the inhibition of viral assembly is unrelated to the antibacterial activity of rifampicin against microbial RNA polymerases. Here, we reveal how the antibiotic prevents the recruitment of an essential scaffolding protein to nascent viral membranes. Based on these results, we provide a structural model of membrane assembly that is distinct from budding through cellular membranes and is most likely conserved in many large DNA viruses. Together, the mechanism of membrane assembly and structural models provide avenues to develop broad spectrum inhibitors against human and animal poxviruses.
Reacting to China’s rise throughout history: balancing and accommodating in East Asia
Authors: Meng Weizhan , Hu Weixing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe rise of China and how other countries respond to China’s rising is widely studied. But little has been done on how other countries reacted to the rise of China throughout history and how China strategically interacted with them. The conventional wisdom holds East Asian international relations did not operate in the Westphalian way and China’s rising in history did not trigger regional balancing actions. In this article, we challenge that view. We argue East Asian international relations were not exceptional to basic rules of the Westphalian system. Each time China rose up, it triggered balancing actions from neighboring regimes, including nomadic empires and settled kingdoms. The neighboring regimes would accommodate China only after they were defeated by China or pro-China regimes propped up in these countries. The Chinese hegemony in East Asian history could not be taken for granted. Over last 2,000 plus years, only during three periods of time (the Qin-Han 秦汉, Sui-Tang 隋唐, and Ming-Qing 明清 dynasties) China could successfully overpower regional resistance and enjoyed a stable tributary relationship with neighboring states. In the rest of time, the Chinese state could not retain hegemony in East Asia.
Multiplicity of disc-bearing stars in Upper Scorpius and Upper Centaurus-Lupus
Authors: Kuruwita Rajika L , Ireland Michael , Rizzuto Aaron , Bento Joao , Federrath Christoph 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
We present observations of disc-bearing stars in Upper Scorpius (US) and Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL) with moderate resolution spectroscopy in order to determine the influence of multiplicity on disc persistence after ${\sim }5\hbox{--}20\, \mathrm{Myr}$. Discs were identified using infrared (IR) excess from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey. Our survey consists of 55 US members and 28 UCL members, using spatial and kinematic information to assign a probability of membership. Spectra are gathered from the ANU 2.3 m telescope using the Wide Field Spectrograph (WiFeS) to detect radial velocity variations that indicate the presence of a companion. We identify two double-lined spectroscopic binaries, both of which have strong IR excess. We find the binary fraction of disc-bearing stars in US and UCL for periods up to 20 yr to be $0.06^{+0.07}_{-0.02}$ and $0.13^{+0.06}_{-0.03}$, respectively. Based on the multiplicity of field stars, we obtain an expected binary fraction of ${\sim }0.12^{+0.02}_{-0.01}$. The determined binary fractions for disc-bearing stars do not vary significantly from the field, suggesting that overall lifetime of discs may not differ between single and binary star systems.
On estimating the atomic hydrogen column density from the H i 21 cm emission spectra
Authors: Saha Preetha , Roy Nirupam , Bhattacharya Mukul 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
The 21 cm hyperfine transition of the atomic hydrogen (H i) in ground state is a powerful probe of the neutral gas content of the Universe. This radio frequency transition has been used routinely for decades to observe, both in emission and absorption, H i in the Galactic interstellar medium as well as in extragalactic sources. In general, however, it is not trivial to derive the physically relevant parameters like temperature, density, or column density from these observations. Here, we have considered the issue of column density estimation from the H i 21 cm emission spectrum for sightlines with a non-negligible optical depth and a mix of gas at different temperatures. The complicated radiative transfer and a lack of knowledge about the relative position of gas clouds along the sightline often make it impossible to uniquely separate the components, and hinders reliable estimation of column densities in such cases. Based on the observed correlation between the 21 cm brightness temperature and optical depth, we propose a method to get an unbiased estimate of the H i column density using only the 21 cm emission spectrum. This formalism is further used for a large sample to study the spin temperature of the neutral interstellar medium.
Effects of two feeding periods of tiamulin fed in combination with chlortetracycline for control and treatment of swine respiratory and enteric disease and subsequent growth performance of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Puls Christopher L , Hammer James M , Eggers Kevin , Graham Amanda , Knopf Brandon , Greiner Laura , Carr Scott N 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of two dietary feeding periods of tiamulin in combination with chlortetracycline for the control and treatment of swine respiratory and enteric disease and subsequent growth performance. The study used 1,151 commercial crossbred barrows and gilts in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were housed in single-sex groups of 25 at a floor space of 0.69 m2/pig. There were two dietary treatments: 1) nonmedicated controls and 2) 39 mg/kg tiamulin + 441 mg/kg chlortetracycline (TIACTC) fed from days 7 to 20 and again days 49 to 62. There were 23 pens per treatment group. Daily observations were made throughout the study, including the number of pigs in each pen coughing, with diarrhea, or showing signs of lameness as well as the number of pigs in each pen requiring individual therapy treatment for each symptom. Pigs were weighed as a group on days 0 (for allocation purposes), 7, 21, 49, 61, 89 (start of marketing), and at time of slaughter. Within pen, animals were selected by visual appraisal and sent for slaughter over 4 wk to a commercial slaughter facility where HCW was collected and used to calculate carcass yield. There was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments for the incidence of morbidity or mortality. Pigs fed TIACTC tended to have less coughing observations (P = 0.10) and less diarrhea observations (P = 0.08) during the study period, and had less observations of lameness (P &lt; 0.001) and required less treatments than nonmedicated controls (P &lt; 0.001). For the overall study period, pigs fed TIACTC had greater (P &lt; 0.05) total BW gain (43.3 kg greater/pen) and greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and ADFI than controls. There was no effect (P &gt; 0.05) of treatment on G:F. Overall, pigs fed TIACTC weighed 1.3 kg heavier (P &lt; 0.05) at the start of marketing and completed the study with an overall BW advantage of 1.6 kg (P &lt; 0.05) compared to controls. The difference between treatments for live BW increased with marketing group (1.0 kg in marketing group 1 and 3.3 kg in marketing group 4). Pigs fed TIACTC had greater (P &lt; 0.05) HCW (1.0 kg) than controls; however, there was no difference (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments for carcass yield. The results of this study suggest that feeding TIACTC was successful at controlling respiratory and enteric disease and, consequently, improved growth performance and carcass weight of grow-finish pigs.
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in systemic sclerosis: an update
Authors: Spierings Julia , van Rhijn-Brouwer Femke C.C. , van Laar Jacob M. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of recently published work on autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Recent findings
Superiority of HSCT vs. intravenous cyclophosphamide pulses was demonstrated in the randomized controlled American Scleroderma: Cyclophosphamide or Transplantation (SCOT) Trial (n = 75), supporting the results from earlier studies. In the SCOT Trial, total body irradiation was used instead of the nonmyeloablative regimens used in other trials, and considered well tolerated during a follow-up time of 4.5 years. Three small uncontrolled prospective cohorts (n = 4, 14 and 18) and one retrospective analyses (n = 18), using various nonmyeloablative regimens, also showed improvement in skin involvement and lung volumes post-HSCT. Transplant-related toxicity and mortality remain an essential issue in HSCT. High treatment-related mortality was reported in one prospective cohort (n = 18), using alemtuzumab as a conditioning agent. Furthermore, cardiac complications, either treatment or disease related, require special attention. In translational studies, trends are reported in number of regulatory T cells and diversity of T-cell receptor repertoire at baseline and post-HSCT correlating with treatment response.

Summary
There is increasing evidence that patients with rapidly progressive SSc may benefit from HSCT. However, optimal patient selection, pretransplantation workup and posttransplant management, still have to be established.
Measurement Techniques and Utility of Hounsfield Unit Values for Assessment of Bone Quality Prior to Spinal Instrumentation
Authors: Zaidi Qasim , Danisa Olumide A. , Cheng Wayne 
Published: August 2018

Study Design.
A systematic review.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of assessing bone quality using computed tomography (CT) attenuation in Hounsfield units (HU).

Summary of Background Data.
Assessing bone quality before spine instrumentation is an essential step of preoperative planning. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been the gold standard for assessing bone mineral density (BMD); however, DEXA can result in spuriously elevated BMD measurements in patients with degenerative disease, compression fractures, and/or vascular calcifications. Measuring vertebral HU values has been proposed as an alternate method of assessing BMD and bone quality.

Methods.
We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE for studies correlating HU to BMD and to spine surgery outcomes.

Results.
HU measurements correlate with success of lumbar interbody fusion (133.7 vs. 107.3 HU) and posterolateral fusion (167 vs. 139.8 HU), cage subsidence (112.4 vs. 140.2 HU), adjacent segment fractures (145.6 vs. 199.4 HU), pedicle screw loosening (116.4 vs. 132.7 HU) and (99.1 vs. 141.2 HU), and risk of incidental durotomy (149.2 vs. 177.0 HU). Intra and inter-rater reliability coefficients are 0.964 and 0.975. The correlation between HU values and BMD in nondegenerative patients is r
2 = 0.52 compared with HU versus BMD in degenerative patients r
2 = 0.18.

Conclusion.
HU value measurement is a simple and rapid technique to assess bone quality that should be performed in all patients with pre-existing CT scans. HU measurement has excellent inter and intra-rater reliability and can be performed on axial or sagittal images. L1 HU threshold values of 110 HU for detecting osteoporosis, and 135 HU for detecting osteopenia are 90% specific. In patients with significant degenerative disease, HU values should be given more credence. Additional high-quality prospective studies comparing HU and DEXA values to patient outcomes are necessary to validate the role of CT measurements in preoperative evaluation.

Level of Evidence: 4