bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The g6 pressure of hot Yang-Mills theory: canonical form of the integrand
Authors: Navarrete Pablo , Schröder York 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present major progress towards the determination of the last missing piece for the pressure of a Yang-Mills plasma at high temperatures at order g6 in the strong coupling constant. This order is of key importance due to its role in resolving the long-standing infrared problem of finite-temperature field theory within a dimensionally reduced effective field theory setup. By systematically applying linear transformations of integration variables, or momentum shifts, we resolve equivalences between different representations of Feynman sum-integrals on the integrand level, transforming those into a canonical form. At the order g6, this results in reducing a sum of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100000) distinct sum-integrals which are produced from all four-loop vacuum diagrams down to merely 21. Furthermore, we succeed to map 11 of those onto known lower-loop structures. This leaves only 10 genuine 4-loop sum-integrals to be evaluated, thereby bringing the finalization of three decades of theoretical efforts within reach.
Methoden, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören – eine quantitative Online-Befragung zu förderlichen und hinderlichen Faktoren (RauS-Studie)
Authors: Werse Bernd , Steimle Larissa , Stöver Heino 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Rauchen ist nach wie vor das größte vermeidbare Gesundheitsrisiko in Deutschland, weshalb eine höhere Erfolgsquote bei der Rauchentwöhnung der Gesundheit aller zugutekommen würde. Um dies zu erreichen, ist eine bessere Kenntnis über Rauchstoppmethoden sowie förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren beim Rauchstopp erforderlich. Daher sollte mit der RauS-Studie untersucht werden, mit welchen Methoden Rauchstoppversuche unternommen wurden, wie hilfreich diese Methoden waren und welche Faktoren dabei als förderlich bzw. hinderlich empfunden wurden.

Methoden
Von März bis Dezember 2022 wurde eine quantitative Online-Befragung unter mindestens 14-jährigen aktuellen oder ehemaligen Raucher*innen (N = 6192) durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
93 % der Stichprobe haben mindestens einmal versucht, mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören. Von den Befragten, die keine E‑Zigaretten/Tabakerhitzer nutz(t)en, ist die „eigene Willenskraft“ die am häufigsten genutzte und als am hilfreichsten wahrgenommene Methode. Von Personen, die E‑Zigaretten/Tabakerhitzer für einen Rauchstopp verwendet haben, werden E‑Zigaretten mit Nikotin am häufigsten genutzt und als am hilfreichsten beurteilt. Gesundheitliche Folgen werden als motivationsfördernd empfunden. An einem Rauchstopp hindern vor allem mit dem Rauchen assoziierte Rituale, während Entzugssymptome eine deutlich geringere Rolle spielen.

Diskussion
Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Fokussierung auf „Nikotinabhängigkeit“ bei der Rauchentwöhnung überdacht und soziale und rituelle Dimensionen stärker angesprochen werden sollten. E‑Zigaretten stellen zumindest für einen Teil der Betroffenen eine durchaus hilfreiche Methode zur Schadensminderung und/oder zum Rauchstopp dar.
Differences in immune-related toxicity between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Ladjevardi Cecilia Olsson , Skribek Marcus , Koliadi Anthoula , Rydén Viktoria , El-Naggar Ali Inan , Digkas Evangelos , Valachis Antonios , Ullenhag Gustav J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immunotherapy with PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors has become an essential treatment strategy for a growing number of malignancies. These treatments have a risk for immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Pooled analyses based on clinical trials show a favorable toxicity profile for treatment with PD-L1 compared to PD-1 inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate differences in IRAEs between patients with advanced solid malignances treated with PD-L1 and PD-1 inhibitors in a real-world setting. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at four Swedish Regions. Patients (n = 605) treated for advanced cancer with a PD-L1 or PD-1 inhibitor in monotherapy between June 2016 and August 2022 were included. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was the most common malignant disease (n = 251; 41.5%), followed by malignant melanoma (n = 173; 28.6%), renal cell carcinoma (n = 71; 11.7%) and urothelial carcinoma (n = 35; 5.8%). Among patients receiving PD-L1 inhibitors, NSCLC (94.4%) was the predominant malignancy, whereas for those treated with PD-1 inhibitor, malignant melanoma constituted the most prevalent malignancy (34.5%). Discontinuation of treatment due to IRAEs overall and IRAEs grade ≥ 2 were significantly less common in patients treated with PD-L1 compared to PD-1 inhibitors [Odds Ratio (OR): 0.38 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.16–0.88) and OR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.35–0.98) respectively]. Any grade IRAE, IRAE grade ≥ 3 and multiple IRAEs were numerically more frequent in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors.In conclusion, our study of patients with advanced solid malignancies in a real-world setting supports the results from clinical trials demonstrating a favorable toxicity profile for PD-L1 inhibitors versus PD-1 inhibitors.
Phase changes in burning precursor-laden single droplets leading to puffing and micro-explosion
Authors: Südholt Benjamin A. , Witte Arne , Smallwood Greg J. , Kaiser Sebastian A. , Mädler Lutz , Jüngst Niklas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen producing metal-oxide nanoparticles via flame spray pyrolysis, precursor-laden droplets are ignited and undergo thermally induced disintegration, called ‘puffing’ and ‘micro-explosion’. In a manner that is not fully understood, these processes are associated with the formation of dispersed phases inside the droplets. This work aims at visualizing the interior of precursor-laden burning single droplets via diffuse back illumination and microscopic high-speed imaging. Solutions containing iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (INN) and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (Sn-EH) were dispersed into single droplets of sub-100 μm diameter that were ignited by passing through a heated coil. At low precursor concentration, 50% of the INN-laden droplets indicate a gas bubble of about 5 μm diameter in the center of the droplet. The bubble persists for several hundred microseconds at a similar size. In almost all of these cases, the bubble expands at some point and the droplet ends up in a micro-explosion. In some of these instances, the droplet’s surface shows spatial brightness modulations, i.e., surface undulations, indicating the formation of a viscous shell. With increasing INN concentration, the fraction of droplets showing surface undulations, gas bubbles, and micro-explosions drastically decreases. This may be associated with a more rigid viscous shell and reduced mobility of bubbles. Bright incandescent streaks originating from the disrupting INN-laden droplets, may indicate sub-micrometer droplets or particles from within the droplets or formed in the gas phase. In contrast, Sn-EH-laden droplets show very fast disruptions, typically less than 10 μs from first visible deformation to ejection of secondary droplets. Bubbles and surface undulations were not observed.
Graphical abstract
Treatment sequences and survival outcomes in advanced HR + HER2- breast cancer patients: a real-world cohort
Authors: Almekinders Cornelia A. M. , Lin Lishi , Beijnen Jos H. , Sonke Gabe S. , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Dezentjé Vincent O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Palliative treatment options for HR + HER2- advanced breast cancer (ABC) patients have increased, but data is lacking about the optimal treatment sequence. We used real-world data from a comprehensive cancer center to describe applied treatment sequences and we determined treatment-related and survival outcomes.

Methods
Patients aged 18 years and older with HR + HER2- ABC treated with systemic treatment were included in this historic cohort study. Sequential treatment schedules, time to treatment discontinuation, time to chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS) were determined, stratified by first-line treatment.

Results
202 patients were included. They received a total of 650 treatment lines (median 3; range: 1–11). 91 (45%), 25 (12%), 24 (12%), 28 (14%), 22 (11%) and 12 (6%) patients started first-line treatment with non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (NSAI), NSAI + cyclin dependent kinase 4/6-inhibitors (CDK4/6i), fulvestrant + CDK4/6i, tamoxifen, chemotherapy and other treatment, respectively. 10, 13, and 14 different treatment regimens were given in first, second and third-line, respectively. Of the patients who started first-line NSAI monotherapy (n = 91), 3 (3%) died before receiving second-line treatment.

Conclusion
In this real-world cohort, we observed a wide variety of different treatment sequences applied in daily clinical practice, some of which were in discordance with the current guidelines. Fear that patients may never get around to treatment with CDK4/6i if a patient did not start with a CDK4/6i was not supported by our study results.
The Samaritan bureaucracy in international transfers
Authors: Coyne Christopher J. , Hall Abigail R. , Alshamy Yahya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConventional wisdom tells us that other-regarding sentiments are desirable as they yield positive social outcomes. However, the consequences of other-regarding behaviors are broadly ambiguous and may have unintended consequences, especially when they must pass through institutional filters. In this paper, we use the Samaritan’s Dilemma model to understand the perverse unintended consequences of institutionalized commitments to resource transfers expressed through international transfer organizations (ITOs), the collection of government and non-government international organizations involved in transferring foreign assistance. To do so, we maintain the core logic of the classic Samaritan’s Dilemma model but alter its assumptions to account for two features of international transfers. First, transfers are channeled through an ITO bureaucracy, which we call a “Samaritan Bureaucracy.” Second, the recipient effects that extend beyond a single person (the target recipient) to include various heterogeneous individuals. We illustrate these effects by analyzing two different harmful recipient effects—reinforcing a corrupt status quo and exacerbating social conflict.
Approximating elements of the middle third Cantor set with dyadic rationals
Authors: Baker Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLet C be the middle third Cantor set and μ be the $$\frac{\log\;2}{\log\;3}$$

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-dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to C. In this paper we study approximations of elements of C by dyadic rationals. Our main result implies that for μ almost every x ∈ C we have $$\# \left\{{1 \le n \le N:\left| {x - {p \over {{2^n}}}} \right| \le {1 \over {{n^{0.01}} \cdot {2^n}}}\,{\rm{for}}\,{\rm{some}}\,p \in \mathbb{N}} \right\}\sim2\sum\limits_{n = 1}^N {{n^{- 0.01}}}.$$
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This improves upon a recent result of Allen, Chow, and Yu which gives a sub-logarithmic improvement over the trivial approximation rate.
Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in Patients Receiving Long-Term Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Longhurst Hilary J. , Cancian Mauro , Grivcheva-Panovska Vesna , Koleilat Majed , Magerl Markus , Savic Sinisa , Stobiecki Marcin , Tachdjian Raffi , Healy Bridget , Yea Christopher M. , Audhya Paul K. , Bouillet Laurence 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLong-term prophylaxis (LTP) has been shown to reduce the frequency of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks; however, attacks occurring in patients receiving LTP have not been well characterized. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the proportion of type I/II HAE (HAE-C1INH) patients who experience attacks while receiving LTP, the characteristics of these attacks, and associated on-demand therapy use. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed to identify studies reporting LTP use with plasma-derived C1 inhibitor (pdC1INH), lanadelumab, berotralstat, androgens, or antifibrinolytics in patients with HAE-C1INH. Forty-five primary studies met the inclusion criteria. In phase 3 trials, attack-free rates were 40% for subcutaneous pdC1INH 60 IU/kg twice weekly at 16 weeks, and 44% for lanadelumab 300 mg every second week at 6 months (77% during steady-state [days 70–182]); there was no difference in attack-free rate for berotralstat 150 mg versus placebo at 24 weeks. Phase 3 studies reported a lower average attack severity with subcutaneous and intravenous pdC1INH versus placebo. With lanadelumab and berotralstat, the prophylactic treatment effect was more pronounced in peripheral attacks than in abdominal and laryngeal attacks. Laryngeal attacks accounted for 2%-7% of all attacks in observational and interventional studies, regardless of the LTP agent received. On-demand therapy was used in 49%-94% of attacks occurring in the presence of LTP. In conclusion, patients receiving LTP experienced attacks in all anatomic locations, including the larynx. Most attacks were treated with on-demand therapy, although outcomes were not reported. Access to on-demand therapy remains essential for all people with HAE-C1INH.
Introducing intermediate wheatgrass as a perennial grain crop into farming systems: insights into the decision-making process of pioneer farmers
Authors: Ginot Christelle , Bathellier Camille , David Christophe , Rossing Walter A. H. , Celette Florian , Duchene Olivier 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe perennial grain intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium, commercial name KernzaTM) has been proposed as a diversification crop for producing forage and grain and providing ecosystem services to farmers. Although a few studies have addressed farmers’ interests in the crop, information is lacking about the links between farmers’ goals and crop management, i.e., how farmers aim at integrating this crop in their systems. Closing this gap, this paper analyzes for the first time the introduction of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) from a farmer perspective, as a set of decision plans and goals. The overarching orientations of the farm and organization of the production system, referred as strategic decisions, interact with short-term crop management (i.e., tactical decisions) and farmers’ goals for IWG. In total, 17 individual semi-structured interviews and 2 collective crop management prototyping workshops in France were used to analyze farmers’ rationales as a function of their farm systems, agronomic constraints, and know-how. The study demonstrates that farmers’ interests in IWG revolved around multiple ecosystem services and financial returns. Three ideal-types of farms testing IWG emerged from the relationships between existing farming systems and goals for IWG. The strategic and tactical decisions regarding the integration and management of IWG were contingent on the farming systems, the goals for IWG, the farmers’ know-how, and their ability to mitigate risks. Implications for the future development of intermediate wheatgrass as a niche innovation are considered based on farmers’ points of view. This study provides insights into the ideas and concerns of French farmers regarding IWG and proposes a framework for discussing the introduction of a new crop in a farm system.
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for direct analysis of liposome-encapsulated compounds
Authors: Yamashita Keishi , Sakakibara Kento , Kouyama Yuta , Sugiyama Hitomi , Ueyama Tomohiro , Nishijima Koji , Uchimura Tomohiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The direct measurement of compounds encapsulated into liposomes without pretreatment allows verification of both the encapsulation efficiency and the release rate of liposomes in their original state. In the present study, the direct analysis of liposomes was conducted via resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (REMPI–TOFMS). When analyte species (2-phenoxyethanol) encapsulated in liposomes were measured online, spike signals appeared in a time profile of the peak area for 2-phenoxyethanol, which suggested a dispersion of the compound in this sample. In addition, the spikes disappeared when the liposomes collapsed following the addition of a Triton X-100 aqueous solution. These results strongly suggest that the appearance of spikes arises from the compound encapsulated into the dispersed liposomes. REMPI–TOFMS has an inherent characteristic of superior selectivity, which suggests that this process would be useful for achieving a precise evaluation of the release properties of target compounds even in a liposome sample containing a large variety of components.

Graphical abstract
Positive public sector stereotypes and their impact on public service delivery: an audit experiment
Authors: Szydlowski Gabriela , de Boer Noortje , Tummers Lars 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There are both negative and positive stereotypes about public sector workers. Most studies focus on negative stereotypes, like the idea that public servants are lazy. We, however, do the opposite. We focus on a positive stereotype: public sector workers are seen as caring and helpful. We test the effects of positive stereotypes on the quality of public service delivery. Using a pre-registered audit experiment in elderly care in the Netherlands and Belgium, we find that activating a pro-social stereotype does not affect the outcome of public service quality in terms of response rate and information provision. However, it does improve the bureaucratic process: public sector workers are friendlier toward citizens. They say around 12% more ‘thank you’ in their replies. Moreover, the citizens’ gender affects the response rate: female citizens receive around 10% more replies. Concluding, we show that positive stereotyping can improve parts of the quality of public service delivery but not all.
A pilot intervention trial to reduce the use of post-procedural antimicrobials after common endourologic surgeries
Authors: Livorsi Daniel J. , Packiam Vignesh T. , Shi Qianyi , Alberding Steven Y. , Carter Knute D. , Brown James A. , Mason James B. , Weiss Jeffrey P. , Steinberg Ryan L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:Post-procedural antimicrobial prophylaxis is not recommended by professional guidelines but is commonly prescribed. We sought to reduce use of post-procedural antimicrobials after common endoscopic urologic procedures.Design:A before-after, quasi-experimental trial with a baseline (July 2020–June 2022), an implementation (July 2022), and an intervention period (August 2022–July 2023).Setting:Three participating medical centers.Intervention:We assessed the effect of a bundled intervention on excess post-procedural antimicrobial use (ie, antimicrobial use on post-procedural day 1) after three types of endoscopic urologic procedures: ureteroscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor or prostate. The intervention consisted of education, local champion(s), and audit-and-feedback of data on the frequency of post-procedural antimicrobial-prescribing.Results:1,272 procedures were performed across all 3 sites at baseline compared to 525 during the intervention period; 644 (50.6%) patients received excess post-procedural antimicrobials during the baseline period compared to 216 (41.1%) during the intervention period. There was no change in the use of post-procedural antimicrobials at sites 1 and 2 between the baseline and intervention periods. At site 3, the odds of prescribing a post-procedural antimicrobial significantly decreased during the intervention period relative to the baseline time trend (0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.45). There was no significant increase in post-procedural unplanned visits at any of the sites.Conclusions:Implementation of a bundled intervention was associated with reduced post-procedural antimicrobial use at one of three sites, with no increase in complications. These findings demonstrate both the safety and challenge of guideline implementation for optimal perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis.This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04196777.
The FossilSimShiny app for simulating under the fossilized birth–death process and plotting the results
Authors: Chambe Titouan , Warnock Rachel C. M. , Barido-Sottani Joëlle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic inferences using combined datasets of both extant and extinct species have grown increasingly popular, in part thanks to the development of the fossilized birth–death (FBD) process. The FBD process provides a powerful model for the evolution of past and present lineages and can be used for both inference and simulation. Simulations in particular are very helpful for new users to gain better understanding of the model and its different components. In this work, we present FossilSimShiny, a visual application for simulating phylogenies, fossil samples, and fossil taxonomies under the FBD process. The app integrates a wide range of simulation models and presents the simulation results in clear, customizable figures. As a teaching tool, FossilSimShiny allows lecturers to create illustration plots and students to directly experiment with the model. For research applications, the app can help researchers save time and effort by testing and calibrating simulation setups before running them on a large scale.
Vision-based dynamic modeling of wheeled-legged robot considering slippage using Gibbs–Appell formulation
Authors: Korayem M. H. , Nikseresht N. , Asadi A. H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the kinematic and dynamic modeling of a wheeled-legged robot (WLR), taking into account kinematic and dynamic slippage. In this regard, the Gibbs–Appell formulation was utilized to derive dynamic equations. Determining the slippage in the wheels for movement equations is a challenging task due to its dependency on factors such as the robot’s postures, velocities, and surface characteristics. To address this challenge, machine vision was used to quantify the slippage of the wheels on the body based on the pose estimation method. This data served as input for movement equations to analyze the robot’s deviation from its path and posture. In the following, the robot’s movement was simulated using Webots and MATLAB, followed by various experimental tests involving acceleration and changes in leg angles on the WLR. The results were then compared to the simulations to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed system modeling. Additionally, an IMU sensor was utilized to measure the robot’s motion and validate against machine vision data. The findings revealed that neglecting the slippage of the wheels in the robot’s motion modeling resulted in errors ranging from 5% to 11.5%. Furthermore, lateral slippage ranging from 1.1 to 5.2 cm was observed in the robot’s accelerated movement. This highlights the importance of including lateral slippage in the equations for a more precise modeling of the robot’s behavior.
Making a market for “The Art of Nepal”: Tracing the flow of Nepali cultural property into the United States
Authors: Sijapati Alisha , Thompson Erin L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA growing number of institutions that hold cultural heritage artifacts are now considering voluntary repatriations in which they choose to return an artifact despite unfilled gaps in their knowledge of its ownership history. But how are institutions to judge whether it is more probable that such gaps conceal theft and illicit export or are innocuous? Attempting to answer this question for Nepal, we examine published and archival records to trace the history of the growth in collecting of Nepali cultural heritage in the United States, with special attention to a 1964 exhibition at New York’s Asia Society Gallery, “The Art of Nepal,” and the activity of the New York dealers Nasli and Alice Heeramaneck. We conclude that the majority of Nepali heritage items in America entered after Nepal prohibited their export.