bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health communication roles in Latino, Pacific Islander, and Caucasian Families: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Pokharel Manusheela , Elrick Ashley , Canary Heather E. , Clayton Margaret F. , Sukovic Masha , Champine Marjan , Hong Soo Jung , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFamily communication about health is critical for the dissemination of information that may improve health management of all family members. Communication about health issues, attitudes, and behaviors in families is associated with life expectancy as well as quality of life for family members. This study addresses family communication about health by examining individual roles for family health communication and factors related to these roles, among families of three different racial/ethnic groups: Caucasians, Latinos, and Pacific Islanders. Data were collected from 60 participants recruited as 30 family dyads, 10 from each group, through qualitative semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted with each participant separately and then together in a dyadic interview. Two coders independently coded interview transcripts using NVivo 11. Results identified the family health communication roles of collector, disseminator, health educator, and researcher. We also identified several factors related to these roles using the lens of family systems theory—the presence of chronic conditions in the family, previous experience, medical education, and family hierarchy. Findings demonstrate many similarities and relatively few differences in the family health communication roles and the related factors among the families of different race/ethnicity. Conclusions highlight implications for future research and intervention development.
Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome and the ketogenic diet
Authors: Schwantje Marit , Verhagen Lilly M. , van Hasselt Peter M. , Fuchs Sabine A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS) is characterised by deficient glucose transport over the blood‐brain barrier and reduced glucose availability in the brain. This causes epilepsy, movement disorders, and cognitive impairment. Treatment with ketogenic diet provides ketones as alternative energy source. However, not all GLUT1DS patients are on dietary treatment (worldwide registry: 77/181 [43%] of patients). The current 25‐year experience allows evaluation of effects and tolerability of dietary treatment for GLUT1DS. To this end, literature was searched up to January 2019 for individual case reports and series reporting (side) effects of dietary treatment for GLUT1DS. Upon aggregation of data for analysis, we identified 270 GLUT1DS patients with dietary treatment with a mean follow‐up of 53 months. Epilepsy improved for 83% of 230 patients and remained unchanged for 17%, movement disorders improved for 82% of 127 patients and remained unchanged for 17%, and cognition improved for 59% of 58 patients and remained stable for 40%. Effects on epilepsy were seen within days/weeks and were most pronounced in patients with early treatment initiation. Effects on movement disorders were noticed within months and were strongest in patients with higher cerebrospinal fluid‐to‐blood glucose ratio. Although side effects were minimal, 18% of 270 patients reported poor compliance. In individual patients, symptoms deteriorated upon low ketosis, poor compliance, or treatment discontinuation. Based on the good tolerability and strong favourable effect of dietary treatment on GLUT1DS symptoms, we advocate dietary treatment in all GLUT1DS patients and prompt diagnosis or screening to allow early treatment.
Elliptical shaped wide slot monopole patch antenna with crossed shaped parasitic element for WLAN, Wi‐MAX, and UWB application
Authors: Jain Pawan K. , Sharma Braj Raj , Jangid Krishan G. , Shekhawat Sumita , Saxena Virender K. , Bhatnagar Deepak 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper illustrates the design and performance of microstrip feed elliptical shaped patch antenna having crossed shaped parasitic element. The overall size of antenna is 40 mm × 40 mm × 1.59 mm. For optimization of the performance of antenna, CST Microwave studio 2014 simulator is used while antenna is tested with available facilities under laboratory conditions. Proposed antenna provides triple impedance bandwidth extended between frequency ranges of 2.28‐2.62 GHz, 2.70‐3.96 GHz, and 5.1‐6.29 GHz with flat gain (close to 3‐5 dBi) in the desired frequency range. Good circular polarization conditions are realized at frequency 5.90 GHz for different sets of elevation and azimuth angles with maximum axial ratio bandwidth close to 600 MHz at the same frequency. The SAR values at desired frequencies are much lower than those for specified frequencies of modern communication systems. This antenna may be a useful structure for Wi‐Fi, WLAN, Wi‐MAX communication bands and lower and median UWB bands.
An iterative multi‐path fully convolutional neural network for automatic cardiac segmentation in cine MR images
Authors: Ma Zongqing , Wu Xi , Wang Xin , Song Qi , Yin Youbing , Cao Kunlin , Wang Yan , Zhou Jiliu 
Published: October 2019

PurposeSegmentation of the left ventricle (LV), right ventricle (RV) cavities and the myocardium (MYO) from cine cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images is an important step for diagnosis and monitoring cardiac diseases. Spatial context information may be highly beneficial for segmentation performance improvement. To this end, this paper proposes an iterative multi‐path fully convolutional network (IMFCN) to effectively leverage spatial context for automatic cardiac segmentation in cine MR images.MethodsTo effectively leverage spatial context information, the proposed IMFCN explicitly models the interslice spatial correlations using a multi‐path late fusion strategy. First, the contextual inputs including both the adjacent slices and the already predicted mask of the above adjacent slice are processed by independent feature‐extraction paths. Then, an atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module is employed at the feature fusion process to combine the extracted high‐level contextual features in a more effective way. Finally, deep supervision (DS) and batch‐wise class re‐weighting mechanism are utilized to enhance the training of the proposed network.ResultsThe proposed IMFCN was evaluated and analyzed on the MICCAI 2017 automatic cardiac diagnosis challenge (ACDC) dataset. On the held‐out training dataset reserved for testing, our method effectively improved its counterparts that without spatial context and that with spatial context but using an early fusion strategy. On the 50 subjects test dataset, our method achieved Dice similarity coefficient of 0.935, 0.920, and 0.905, and Hausdorff distance of 7.66, 12.10, and 8.80 mm for LV, RV, and MYO, respectively, which are comparable or even better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods of ACDC Challenge. In addition, to explore the applicability to other datasets, the proposed IMFCN was retrained on the Sunnybrook dataset for LV segmentation and also produced comparable performance to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.ConclusionsWe have presented an automatic end‐to‐end fully convolutional architecture for accurate cardiac segmentation. The proposed method provides an effective way to leverage spatial context in a two‐dimensional manner and results in precise and consistent segmentation results.
Reevaluating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Essentiality in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Jackson Christopher J , Trushenski Jesse T , Schwarz Michael H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus have a reported dietary requirement for the n-6 C18 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid), but direct provision of the n-6 long-chain (LC) PUFA 20:4n-6 (arachidonic acid) may be a more efficient approach. No quantitative requirement for n-3 fatty acids has been formally recognized for tilapias, but beneficial effects of having both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs in the diet have been reported. To better understand PUFA essentiality in tilapias, we formulated diets to assess the growth performance and tissue fatty acid composition of juvenile Nile Tilapia (mean ± SD = 25.7 ± 0.2 g/fish) that were fed different combinations of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs: a positive control containing menhaden fish oil, a negative control containing hydrogenated soybean oil, and experimental diets containing hydrogenated soybean oil amended with ethyl esters of 18:3n-3; 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6; 22:6n-3; 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6; or 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and 20:4n-6. After 7 weeks, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and specific growth rate were significantly greater among fish that received the positive control feed than among fish that were fed the negative control feed. The addition of n-3 and n-6 PUFA supplements generally improved performance in most cases. No fish showed any gross indications of fatty acid deficiency, although significant differences in fatty acid deficiency indicator ratios (i.e., 20:3n-9 : 20:4n-6 and 22:5n-6 : 22:6n-3) were present in all tissues analyzed. Nile Tilapia that were fed an n-3 PUFA-free diet exhibited significantly elevated 22:5n-6 : 22:6n-3 ratios, indicating a developing n-3 PUFA deficiency. Feeding n-3 PUFAs—as 18:3n-3, 22:6n-3, or a combination of n-3 LC-PUFAs—had a corrective effect on these ratios, affirming the importance of a proper balance of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs to satisfy the essential fatty acid requirements of Nile Tilapia and further illustrating the ability of this species to satisfy physiological demand for LC-PUFAs through de novo biotransformation of C18 PUFAs.
Structural basis of chemokine and receptor interactions: Key regulators of leukocyte recruitment in inflammatory responses
Authors: Bhusal Ram Prasad , Foster Simon R. , Stone Martin J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn response to infection or injury, the body mounts an inflammatory immune response in order to neutralize pathogens and promote tissue repair. The key effector cells for these responses are the leukocytes (white blood cells), which are specifically recruited to the site of injury. However, dysregulation of the inflammatory response, characterized by the excessive migration of leukocytes to the affected tissues, can also lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. Leukocyte recruitment is regulated by inflammatory mediators, including an important family of small secreted chemokines and their corresponding G protein‐coupled receptors expressed in leukocytes. Unsurprisingly, due to their central role in the leukocyte inflammatory response, chemokines and their receptors have been intensely investigated and represent attractive drug targets. Nonetheless, the full therapeutic potential of chemokine receptors has not been realized, largely due to the complexities in the chemokine system. The determination of chemokine–receptor structures in recent years has dramatically shaped our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underpin chemokine signaling. In this review, we summarize the contemporary structural view of chemokine–receptor recognition, and describe the various binding modes of peptide and small‐molecule ligands to chemokine receptors. We also provide some perspectives on the implications of these data for future research and therapeutic development.Importance StatementGiven their central role in the leukocyte inflammatory response, chemokines and their receptors are considered as important regulators of physiology and viable therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the current understanding of chemokine: chemokine–receptor interactions that have been gained from structural studies, as well as their implications for future drug discovery efforts.
Comparison of gut bacterial communities and their associations with host diets in four fruit borers
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Shen Zhongjian , Yu Jianmei , Li Zhen , Liu Xiaoxia , Xu Huanli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobiota that live in the gut of insects have a wide range of effects on host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. They may shape the adaptation of their hosts to different habitats and lifestyles. To characterize the gut microbiota of fruit borers comprehensively, we compared bacterial communities among Grapholita molesta, Conogethes punctiferalis, Carposina sasakii, and Cydia pomonella, which are serious lepidopteran pests. We selected G. molesta as a representative pest to more explicitly test the influence of host dietary niche on the insect gut microbiome, and compared the bacterial microbial communities of G. molesta fed different diets (peach shoots and apple) using Illumina high‐throughput sequencing technology.RESULTSThe results show that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are dominant in their gut microbiota. The C. sasakii had the highest richness values and G. molesta (shoot‐feeding) had the highest diversity, whereas C. pomonella and G. molesta (fruit‐feeding) had the lowest bacterial richness and diversity, respectively. The ANOSIM analysis revealed significant differences in the structure of gut microbiota among different insects. In addition, G. molesta with a different feeding diet had significant differences in gut microbiota composition. PICRUSt analysis indicated that most functional prediction categories were related to metabolism.CONCLUSIONOur results show that gut microbiota composition is affected significantly not only by host species but also host diets. An enhanced understanding of these herbivore‐associated microbial symbionts is essential for understanding the biology and ecology of the host insect, and may offer new possibilities to improve integrated pest‐management strategies for efficient control of fruit borers. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of donor‐acceptor functional groups in N3P3 cyclic‐triphosphazene backbone. Unraveling bonding characteristics from natural orbitals within an extended transition state‐natural orbital for the chemical valence scheme
Authors: Linares‐Flores Cristian , Ramirez‐Tagle Rodrigo , Rojas‐Poblete Macarena , Arratia‐Perez Ramiro , Muñoz‐Castro Alvaro , Guajardo‐Maturana Raul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe formation of cyclophosphazenes containing several ligands or substituent groups gives rise to an attractive derivative set, for development of novel applications, with variable properties. Here, it is possible to unravel the role of different functional groups attached to the N3P3 backbone, to reach a better understanding of the bonding character in the cyclic [─P─N─] skeleton. We employed the extended transition state‐natural orbital for the chemical valence scheme to unravel the σ and π orbital kernels that are involved in the assembling of such structures, by varying the acceptor‐donor characteristics of the ─CF3, ─NO2, ─COOH, ─CN, ─NH2, ─OH, and ─OCH3 groups, where ─NO2 behaves as a stronger electron‐withdrawing substituent rather than ─CF3, ─COOH, and ─CN, denoting that the nature of the ligand‐phosphazene interaction contributes to some degree to the bond strength of the cyclic [─P─N─] backbone. Our results reveal that the electron‐withdrawing ─NO2 group leads to higher σ and π [─P─N─] orbital‐energy contributions, which is reflected in a shortening of the [─P─N─] distance, contrasting with the case of electron‐donating groups such as ─NH2, ─OH, and ─OCH3 within the phosphazene set. These insights allow further variation and modulation of the bonding in the [─P─N─] ring.
Categorical cognition and outcome efficiency in impact investing decisions
Authors: Lee Matthew , Adbi Arzi , Singh Jasjit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryThe emerging practice of “impact investing” optimizes both financial and social outcomes, and thus promises to support hybrid organizations that simultaneously pursue financial and social goals. We argue, however, that impact investing decisions may be prone to behavioral factors that limit their outcome efficiency. In a portfolio allocation task designed to reflect the essential features of an impact investing decision, we find across a range of scenarios that individuals systematically fail to choose investment portfolios that achieve financial and social outcomes efficiently and thereby waste opportunities for value creation. We further show in online and in‐person experiments that outcome inefficiency is related to “categorical cognition”: suppression of categorical labels on investment options increases efficiency.Managerial SummaryThe “impact investing” approach promises to encourage greater financial investments in hybrid organizations that pursue a combination of financial and social goals. We experimentally demonstrate a challenge of this approach: People struggle to identify portfolios of investments that simultaneously optimize across financial and social outcomes. This is partly due to “categorical cognition”: a natural tendency to view investments in terms of known categories rather than the actual outcomes they produce. Our experiments show that removing the labels “for‐profit company,” “charity,” and “social enterprise” from investment options—thus making it more difficult to think about them categorically—increases outcome‐efficient allocations. We therefore show that realizing the full potential of impact investing will require that investors transcend conventional thinking about business and charity as separate domains.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal motility disorders
Authors: Feng Jie , Ali Raja Waqar , Hao Jin-yong , Kong Gui-xiang , Yang Li-hong , Huang Xiao-jun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Esophageal motility disorders which include achalasia, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJ outflow obstruction), jackhammer esophagus (JE), distal esophageal spasm (DES), etc. are rare disease of unknown causes. The diagnosis is based on endoscopy, barium meal, and high-resolution manometry (HRM). With the development of endoscopy, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has emerged as a standard method for the treatment of achalasia.

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to enable gastroenterologists to have a more comprehensive understanding of the application status, technical characteristics, clinical efficacy and future prospect of POEM in the treatment of esophageal motility disorders.

Methods
Through a large number of reading literature, combined with clinical practice, summary and analysis of the indications, procedure, efficacy, complications, and controversies of POEM in the treatment of esophageal motility disorders, as well as the current and future perspectives of POEM were studied.

Results
POEM is safe and effective in the treatment of esophageal motility disorders, but the GERD reflux rate is higher.

Conclusions
POEM can be a new option for the treatment of esophageal movement disorders, but large sample, multi-center, long-term study reports are needed, and it promotes the development of NOTES technology.
Conformational flexibility of adenine riboswitch aptamer in apo and bound states using NMR and an X-ray free electron laser
Authors: Ding Jienv , Swain Monalisa , Yu Ping , Stagno Jason R. , Wang Yun-Xing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Riboswitches are structured cis-regulators mainly found in the untranslated regions of messenger RNA. The aptamer domain of a riboswitch serves as a sensor for its ligand, the binding of which triggers conformational changes that regulate the behavior of its expression platform. As a model system for understanding riboswitch structures and functions, the add adenine riboswitch has been studied extensively. However, there is a need for further investigation of the conformational dynamics of the aptamer in light of the recent real-time crystallographic study at room temperature (RT) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX). Herein, we investigate the conformational motions of the add adenine riboswitch aptamer domain, in the presence or absence of adenine, using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements and analysis of RT atomic displacement factors (B-factors). In the absence of ligand, the P1 duplex undergoes a fast exchange where the overall molecule exhibits a motion at kex ~ 319 s−1, based on imino signals. In the presence of ligand, the P1 duplex adopts a highly ordered conformation, with kex~ 83 s−1, similar to the global motion of the molecule, excluding the loops and binding pocket, at 84 s−1. The µs–ms motions in both the apo and bound states are consistent with RT B-factors. Reduced spatial atomic fluctuation, ~ 50%, in P1 upon ligand binding coincides with significantly attenuated temporal dynamic exchanges. The binding pocket is structured in the absence or presence of ligand, as evidenced by relatively low and similar RT B-factors. Therefore, despite the dramatic rearrangement of the binding pocket, those residues exhibit similar spatial thermal fluctuation before and after binding.
Oral Health–Related Quality of Life After Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Taghat Negin , Werling Malin , Östberg Anna-Lena 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim was to examine how individuals treated for obesity with gastric bypass (GBP) surgery perceived their oral health and oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).

Method
All individuals in one Swedish region who had undergone GBP surgery (n = 1182) were sent a postal questionnaire 2 years after surgery. The questionnaire comprised items on sociodemographics, oral symptoms and the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 to assess the OHRQoL.

Results
The mean age was 47.6 years with 75% females, response rate 55.3%. The self-perceived oral health was rated low by 45% of the respondents. Gender differences were seen, for instance, regarding hypersensitive teeth (men 18.8%, women 30.8%, p = 0.003). Nine out of ten reported at least one oral impact experienced sometimes, fairly or very often, according to the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49). The mean additive OHIP-49 score was 30.3 (SD 36.1). The associations between self-reported oral health and OHRQoL were consistent throughout. Tooth hypersensitivity generated an OR of 2.28 (95% CI 2.28–8.46) of having ≥ 2 impacts on OHRQoL.

Conclusion
A large proportion of individuals having undergone GBP surgery reported problems with their oral health and impacts on their OHRQoL, indicating a need for medical and dental staff—surgeons and general practitioners as well as other health professionals—to offer oral health promotion and prevention measures.
On the Weyl transform for rotationally invariant symbols
Authors: Ortner Norbert , Wagner Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several formulas for the eigenvalues $$\lambda _j$$

λ
j

of the Weyl transforms $$W_\sigma $$

W
σ

of symbols $$\sigma $$
σ
given by radially symmetric distributions are derived. These yield criteria for the boundedness and the compactness, respectively, of the pseudo-differential operators $$W_\sigma .$$

W
σ

.

We investigate some examples by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of $$\lambda _j$$

λ
j

for $$j\rightarrow \infty $$

j
→
∞

.