bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representación de los problemas epistemológicos de las doctrinas filosóficas racionalismo, empirismo, positivismo y positivismo lógico
Authors: Morelos Gómez José , De La Hoz Granadillo Efraín Javier 
Published: April 2019

En el presente artículo, se hace una revisión, análisis e interpretación de los problemas epistemológicos y métodos de investigación, desde de las perspectivas filosóficas del racionalismo, empirismo, positivismo y el positivismo lógico, a partir de cado uno de los aportes y divergencias filosóficas de los autores que soportan la construcción de las ciencias sociales. Asimismo, se comprende la esencia de estas doctrinas filosóficas y se analiza la utilidad que cada una concurre y desarrolla, desde su contribución epistemológica a las ciencias, entendida desde la concepción particular que tenga el sujeto investigador frente al fenómeno u objeto estudiado. El tipo de estudio es cualitativo analítico, se consultaron fuentes secundarias con autores que profundizan en el tema. Como resultado, se muestran las características de las doctrinas filosóficas abordadas; así, se concluyó que diversas corrientes epistemológicas del conocimiento científico abordan la validez del conocimiento desde variadas perspectivas en ocasiones complementarias y otras, controvertidas y contradictorias, pero coexisten desde diversos contextos.
Asosiasi Antara Promosi Program Keluarga Berencana dan Perilaku Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi
Authors: Pasaribu Abigail , Tampubolon Lamtiur H. 
Published: April 2019

The growth of the birth rate in Indonesia is not comparable with the availability of labour force and it has an impact on national economic conditions. Therefore, the BKKBN (National Family Planning Coordinating Board) is very active to conduct various forms of promotion of the Family Planning (KB) in order to reduce the birth rate and to achieve a prosperous family. This study seeks to examine the association between the promotion of family planning programs with the use of contraceptive method among the parish of the church which is characterized by a certain ethnic group, in West Jakarta. By using simple random sampling, the questionnaire was distributed to 123 respondents of the 20-44 -year old. This study used simple linear regression analysis and the result showed that there was a very strong relationship between the promotion of family planning programs and the behavior of the use of contraceptive method.
Three-dimensional Hysterosalpingo Contrast Sonography with Lignosal as Contrast for Evaluation of Tubal Patency in the Infertile Women – An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Rao Chegondi V N , Sindhu Chegondi , Kota Murali Krishna 
Published: April 2019

Objectives
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using lignosal (a mixture of lignocaine 2% jelly with normal saline) as a contrast agent for assessing fallopian tubal patency in infertile patients.

Materials and Methods
After obtaining the Institutional Review Board permission, a single center prospective study was conducted to evaluate the validity of 3D-HyCoSy with lignosal to assess the patency of fallopian tubes in infertile women. In total 540 infertile patients were recruited for this study. Bilateral fallopian tube patency was confirmed when fallopian tubes were seen as echogenic tubular structures with peritoneal spill under real-time 3D/2D-HyCoSy.

Results
In the first phase of the study, 2D-HyCoSy without 3D acquisition was made in 20 patients (40 tubes). 2D-HyCoSy with lignosal contrast shown tubal patency in 95% and radiographic hysterosalpingography (HSG) resulted in 97.5% tubal patency with 5% inconclusive results by HyCoSy. In the second phase, data from 520 patients showed bilateral tubal patency in 463 patients (89.03%), unilateral tubal occlusion in 49 patients (9.42%), and bilateral tubal occlusion in eight patients (1.53%). No untoward side effects were noticed and reported by the patients during and after the HyCoSy procedure with lignosal.

Conclusions
3D-HyCoSy with lignosal allowed the entire length of the fallopian tubes to be seen as contrast moved through the fallopian tubes to the fimbrial end. A “shower” of contrast around the ovaries is visualized confirming the peritoneal spill. Use of lignosal provides an alternative imaging method for evaluating the tubal patency in infertile patients.
THE OPINIONS AND PREFERENCES OF THE EUROPEAN BUYERS ON THE FURNITURE AND FURNITURE ACCESSORIES MARKET
Authors: PETRACHE (LANG) Beatrice Georgeta , ISMANA-ILISAN Camelia Maria , CRETOIU Raluca 
Published: April 2019

In this article we aim to analyze the preferences and opinions of European furniture buyers in the context of Germany, Italy, Poland, France and Austria being among the top 10 world furniture manufacturers, accounting for over 19% of the world production and 60% of the European one. We have developed this research given that the furniture industry is an important sector in the economy, employing about one million people at the level of the European Union, in 130,000 companies in the field. The furniture segment is also well represented in the field of innovation also, accounting for 12% of the applications for design registration in the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO). This also reflects on the production of furniture, currently 2/3 of the world’s leading peak production coming from Europe. The research is of a quantitative nature, the technique adopted is the interview, and the research tool is the questionnaire. The purpose of the research is to identify the way and the level at which European consumers’ value furniture accessories in the general context of furniture quality assessment in conjunction with the need for accessory information.
Structure and petrology of the Dadeldhura Group, far western Nepal, Himalaya
Authors: Næraa Tomas , Konnerup-Madsen Jens , Hageskov Bjørn , Paudel Lalu Prasad 
Published: April 2019

The granites, phyllites, schists, and gneisses of the Dadeldhura Group exhibit a significant Himalayan metamorphic imprint. The rocks of the group constitute a synform and the group is delimited by thrusts. The North Dadeldhura Thrust (NDT) zone is dominated by granitic mylonite with subordinate quartzite, quartz-chlorite schist, and amphibolite. In the quartz-chlorite schist from the NDT zone, relict kyanite is observed, which together with recrystallisation textures in the granitic mylonite indicate that low-temperature syn-tectonic retrogression has affected the thrust zone. Prograde garnets with spiral structures from a zone 2–4 km structurally above the base of the NDT are associated with mylonite-like rocks, and indicate distinct prograde shear zones in this area. This suggested that prograde thrust stacking has affected about 4 km wide north belt of the Dadeldhura Group. Rim thermobarometry from the garnet holding rocks shows that the minerals were re-equilibrated at 440–550 °C and 6.5–9.5 kbar. In the southern part of the Dadeldhura Group, textures in quartz and feldspar from the Saukhark Granite-Gneiss indicate that temperatures during recrystallisation were around 450–550 °C. These P–T estimates suggest that most of the now exposed rocks in the Dadeldhura Group experienced prograde epidoteamphibolite facies metamorphism during early orogenic build up and thrusting of the Dadeldhura Nappe. A subsequent syntectonic retrograde phase is observed in the NDT zone as low temperature recrystallisation of quartz and feldspar in mylonitic rocks, and chlorite and quartz in chlorite-grade rocks holding relict kyanite. Retrograde trusting was also focused along a distinct “back thrusting” zone within the northern part of the group.
Research on multi-scale simulation model for single-phase water pipe networks
Authors: Sun J.-L. , Xue R.-J. , Peng M.-J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Fluid transients occur mainly during fluid transfer in the networked pipe systems in nuclear power plants. Research on pipe network simulation is presented in literature. However, there are still some open technical gaps. In this paper, to satisfy the different time step requirements in different stages of nuclear power plant operation, and to improve the accuracy of simulation results, a multi-scale simulation model of single-phase water pipe networks is proposed. Therefore, the pipe networks are divided into control nodes and flow lines in a complete simulation map. The multi-scale simulation is obtained through the combination of simplified equations, time step selection and refined nodes. The accuracy and stability of the simulator are verified by modeling the feed water system of the Chinese experimental fast reactor. In addition, the output is compared with output of the commercial software, Jtopmeret. As a conclusion, the new model calculates results for this feed water system with a higher accuracy under dynamic operations which consistent with theoretical analysis.
The Development of Ilocano Word Lists for Speech Audiometry
Authors: Sagon Reynita R. , Uchanski Rosalie M. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The goal of this work is the creation of word lists, in Ilocano, suitable for use in speech audiometry.

Methods: First, estimates of the distribution of speech sounds and of the most common syllable structures in Ilocano were found from a phonetic transcription analysis of nearly 3000 words obtained from three magazine articles. Second, 372 two-syllable words were rated, for commonness, by fifteen native speakers of Ilocano who currently reside in Hawai’i. Finally, various combinations of two-syllable words were made to produce 50-item lists.

Results: First, an estimate of the distribution of speech sounds in Ilocano was found, with frequencies of occurrence ranging from 22.4%, for the speech sound /a/, to 0.007%, for the speech sound /v/. The syllable-structure analyses revealed that a very small number of distinct monosyllabic words were used very frequently. Two-syllable words were also used frequently, but were attributed to many distinct words. Second, from the rating results, approximately 70% of the two-syllable words in the rating survey were judged as common by 12 or more of the raters.
Finally, four lists of 50 words each were constructed using only common two-syllable words with the most frequent two-syllable structures found in Ilocano. Each word list has a distribution of speech sounds that approximates that found from the phonetic analysis, and hence each list is roughly phonetically-balanced.

Conclusions: These word lists may be of value to otolaryngologists and audiologists who work with native speakers of Ilocano.

Keywords: Ilocano, Ilokano, phonetically-balanced, speech audiometry, word lists
Small - Incision Technique for Med-El Combi 40+™ Implantation
Authors: Chiong Charlotte M. , Mueller Maribel B. , Ungui Erwin Voltaire M. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: 1) To present a technique for implanting the Med-El Combi 40+™ using a small incision with minimal access. 2) To describe the short term postsurgical outcomes in these patients.

Methods: Two patients (1 child and 1 adult) underwent a novel small incision technique for implantation of the Med-El Combi 40+™ cochlear implant device. The short term outcomes in these two patients were described and compared with previous experience using the standard implantation technique citing advantages and possible limitations. As these two patients had bilateral implantation utilizing different techniques on the two sides interesting comparisons could be made on the same individuals.

Results: The preliminary experience with a novel small incision technique for the Med-El Combi 40+™ implantation shows encouraging results in terms of healing and initial performance of these patients.

Conclusion: This small incision technique may be offered to patients especially to those who wish to have bilateral implantations as this allows a less invasive approach, good cosmesis without sacrificing the safety and performance outcomes at least in the short term.

Keywords: cochlear implantation, minimally invasive surgery
Temporalis Muscle-Coronoid Swing and Forehead Skin Island Flap Reconstruction of the Orbit after Maxillectomy
Authors: Carrillo Ryner Jose C. , Caparas Mariano B. 
Published: April 2019

The use of local regional flaps is often the most practical and easy means of reconstruction in the management of head and neck tumors. The temporalis muscle coronoid swing has been used to reconstruct the orbital floor and is described in literature as early as 1983. Difficulty is encountered when the medial wall and orbital floor are completely removed and a temporalis muscle-coronoid swing is rendered insufficient for orbital reconstruction.

Objective: To describe a combination of forehead island flap and temporalis muscle-coronoid swing in orbital reconstruction.

Design: Surgical Innovation/ Case Report.

Subject: 12-year-old female with recurrent maxillary chondroblastic osteosarcoma one year after chemotherapy.

Methods: The course of tumor excision and defect reconstruction is described.

Results: There was no diplopia or other morbidity. There was minimal added operative time for reconstruction with acceptable results.

Conclusion: Local flaps can be combined in order to repair the orbital floor. Acceptable function with minimal cosmetic deformity can be achieved with less extensive surgery.

Keywords: Forehead flap, temporalis muscle, coronoid, orbit, reconstructive surgical procedures, maxillectomy
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Fellizar Kathleen R. , Chiong Charlotte M. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To describe an unusual presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the craniofacial skeleton in a patient previously diagnosed with Pott’s disease.
Methods:
Design: Case report.
Setting: Tertiary care center.
Patient: One (1)
Result: A 30-year old male who previously underwent cervical spine surgery for Pott’s disease, presenting with watery ear discharge and mandibular resorption was initially diagnosed with tuberculosis. On MRI, a mildly contrast-enhancing soft tissue mass involving the left infratemporal and middle cranial fossae consistent with residual or recurrent tumor as well as an inflammatory process was seen. He underwent transtemporal excision of the mass with external auditory canal blind sac closure and obliteration. Final histopathology revealed Langerhans cell histiocytosis. A review of slides of the specimen from the previous spine surgery was done and signed out as Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Conclusion: Langerhans cell histiocytosis occurs rarely, but has frequent head and neck manifestations. It may also be confused with other diseases in the head and neck, such as tuberculosis, in this case. Otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons should be well aware that isolated lesions in the bony framework of the head and neck should include Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the differential diagnosis. Early detection is the key to preventing disease progression and instituting timely definitive management.

Key words: Langerhans cell histiocytosis, watery ear discharge, mandibular resorption
Anterolateral Thigh Flap Reconstruction of Full Thickness Buccal Defect
Authors: Castañeda Samantha S. , Alonzo Daniel M. , Ramos Rodney Marc H. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To present our experience with the anterolateral thigh flap in reconstructing a full thickness defect of the buccal mucosa and cheek.
Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital
Patient: One
Results: A 36 year old male with a T4aN0M0 Stage IVa buccal carcinoma on the left underwent wide excision, marginal mandibulectomy and modified radical neck dissection with preservation of the spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein and sternocleidomastoid muscle. The resultant through-and-through defect of the cheek skin measuring 8 x 6cm and buccal mucosa measuring 6 x 10 cm with a concomitant ¼ upper lip and 1/3 lower lip defect was reconstructed with an anterolateral thigh free flap. The patient recovered uneventfully and underwent adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy 1 month post-operation. At 2 ½ months post-operation, he had no oral incontinence and could resume a normal diet with good speech.
Conclusion: The anterolateral thigh free flap is an excellent soft-tissue flap for reconstruction of a full thickness defect of the buccal area.
Key words: Surgical flap, Carcinoma, squamous cell, Oral cancer
A Ten-Year Review of Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Testing at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center: Patient Demographics and Outcomes
Authors: Tipayno Mary Jane C. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: The study aims to present the clinical and demographic profile of subjects who have undergone Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) test at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center over a 10-year period.
Methods:
Design: Retrospective chart review
Setting: Tertiary children’s hospital
Population: All patients referred for ABR testing from January 1996 to December 2005.
Results: A total of 2783 cases were included in the study with 1.63:1 male-to-female ratio. Almost 50% belonged to the 2-to 5-year old age group. There were 111 different indications for referral, with speech and language disorders ranking first at 38%. Patients with Congenital Rubella had the highest incidence of pathologic ABR results with 90.62%. There was no significant difference in the degree of hearing loss between the pre-school (2-5 years old) and school age (>5 to 10 years old) group. Our patients who presented with speech delay had a much older average age of hearing loss detection by ABR compared to foreign studies.
Conclusion: Speech and developmental delays were the leading causes for ABR referral across age groups with most belonging to the 2-to-5-year old age group. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of hearing loss between the preschool and school-age groups with speech delay. ABR in hearing screening of neonates and children constitutes only a small fraction of the total indications for ABR Testing at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center. Detection of hearing loss at an earlier age may reveal the true burden of illness and facilitate earlier intervention. Universal hearing screening should be performed for all newborns and not just for high risk infants.
Keywords: Hearing loss, Speech delay, Auditory Brainstem Response, ABR
Comparative Study of the Auditory Steady-State Response (ASSR) and Click Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABR) Thresholds among Filipino Infants and Young Children
Authors: Tan Laurence Ian C. , Reyes-Quintos Maria Rina T. , Tantoco Maria Leah C. , Chiong Charlotte M. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To compare the results of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) and click auditory brainstem response (click ABR) among infants and young children tested at the Ear Unit of a Tertiary General Hospital.

Methods:
Design: Cross-sectional Study
Setting: Tertiary General Hospital
Population: Within-subject comparisons of click auditory brainstem response (click ABR) thresholds and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) thresholds among 55 infants and young children, 2 months to 35 months of age referred to the Ear Unit for electrophysiologic hearing assessment.
Results: Click ABR showed strong positive correlation to all frequencies and averages of ASSR. Highest correlation was noted with the average of 1-4 kHz ASSR results with Pearson r = 0.89 (Spearman r=0.80), the average of 2-4 kHz had strong positive correlation r = 0.88 (0.79). Correlation was consistently strong through all ASSR frequencies (0.5 kHz at r=0.86 (0.74), 1 kHz at r=0.88 (0.78), 2 kHz at r=0. 87 (0.79), 4 kHz at r=0.85 (0.76)). Average differences of click ABR and ASSR thresholds were 8.2±12.9dB at 0.5 kHz, 8.6±12.6dB at 1 kHz, 5.3±11.8dB at 2 kHz and 7.8±13.4dB at 4 kHz. Among patients with no demonstrable waveforms by click ABR with maximal click stimulus, a large percentage presented with ASSR thresholds. Of these, 80.5% (33 of 41) had measurable results at 0.5 kHz with an average of 107.3±11.1dB, 85.4% (35 of 41) at 1 kHz with an average of 110.5±11.8dB, 73.2% (30 of 41) at 2 kHz with an average of 111.2±11.1dB and 63.4% (26 of 41) at 4 kHz with and average of 112.2±8.21dB. Auditory steady-state response results were comparable to auditory brainstem response results in normal to severe hearing loss, and provided additional information necessary for complete audiologic assessment especially among patients with severe to profound hearing loss wherein click ABR showed no responses. Up to 85.4% of patients that would have been noted to have no waveforms by click ABR still demonstrated measurable thresholds by ASSR

Conclusion: Our study suggests that ASSR may be the best available tool for assessing children with severe to profound hearing loss, and is a comparably effective tool in overall hearing assessment for patients requiring electrophysiological testing. The advantages of ASSR over click ABR include: 1) detection of frequency-specific thresholds and; 2) the detection of hearing loss thresholds beyond the limits of click ABR.

Key words: Auditory Steady-State Response, ASSR, Auditory Brainstem-Evoked Response, ABR, Hearing Thresholds, Electrophysiologic Testing
An Improvised Tracheostoma Button Fabricated from Disposable Plastic Syringe
Authors: Vencio Reynerio M. , Cruz Emmanuel Tadeus S. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: To design inexpensive, easily fabricated stoma buttons for post-laryngectomy patients with stomal stenosis and patients who require prolonged tracheotomy.

Methods:
Design: Surgical Instrumentation
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Participants: Tracheostoma buttons fabricated from 3 or 5 cc disposable plastic syringes were tested on two post-laryngectomy patients with stomal stenosis and a tracheotomized patient with bilateral vocal cord paralysis.

Results: The tracheostoma buttons were inexpensive and relatively easy to fabricate. They were easily inserted and well tolerated by all three patients, compared to previously-used commercially-available tracheotomy tubes.

Conclusion: In a developing country setting, improvised tracheostoma buttons made from disposable plastic syringes may be viable alternatives to commercially-available stoma buttons or tracheotomy tubes. Clinical trials on more subjects should be conducted to assess parameters for use and long-term efficacy and safety issues.

Keywords: stomal stenosis, tracheostoma/stoma button