bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased risk for aseptic meningitis after amoxicillin or amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid in males: A signal revealed by subset disproportionality analysis within a global database of suspected adverse drug reactions
Authors: Chandler Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeDrug‐induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) is an inflammation of the membranes of the central nervous system caused by certain medications. It is a rare clinical entity whose risk factors are not yet fully elucidated. A local pattern of disproportionality within a global database of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) revealed an increased reporting of aseptic meningitis and amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (AC) in males. The aim of this report is to explore the clinical probability of a higher risk in males to support the use of statistical methods to identify subgroups at risk for adverse drug reactions.MethodsDisproportionality analysis was performed for all drug‐adverse event (AE) pairs in the entire database and for the subsets of males and females. AC‐aseptic meningitis was highlighted for an increased disproportionality in the male subgroup in the absence of an elevated disproportionality measure for the database overall. A clinical review was undertaken.ResultsClinical review revealed a similar statistical pattern of gender difference observed for amoxicillin, evidence to suggest a delayed type 4 hypersensitivity reaction with Th1 cells as a mechanism for amoxicillin‐aseptic meningitis, the existence of sex differences in immune responses (Th1/Th2), and an analogous increased risk of drug‐induced liver injury by AC in males.ConclusionsSubgroup disproportionality analysis has revealed a larger than expected number of reports of aseptic meningitis after amoxicillin and AC in males. Evidence synthesis supports the statistical finding. Further exploration of spontaneous databases with more extensive analyses could usher in a new era of “precision pharmacovigilance.”
Hydrogen bonding driven self‐assembly of side‐chain amino acid and fatty acid appended poly(methacrylate)s: Gelation and application in oil spill recovery
Authors: Nandi Mridula , Maiti Binoy , Banerjee Soham , De Priyadarsi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTWe report an interesting class of fatty acid appended side‐chain phenylalanine (Phe) containing poly(methacrylate) homopolymers that undergo self‐assembly leading to gelation in selective organic hydrocarbons, due to association among the side‐chain functionalities. Fatty acids of different n‐alkyl chain lengths have been attached to the N‐terminal of the Phe‐based methacrylate and the corresponding homopolymers have been synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These homopolymers undergo gelation in selective organic hydrocarbons. The morphology of these organogels has been characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy which revealed macroporous structure of the organogels. Viscoelastic properties of organogels and the thermoreversible gel‐to‐sol transition have been investigated by rheological measurements. Powder X‐ray diffraction study has been performed to understand the effect of long n‐alkyl chains on the gelation process. FTIR study reveals inter‐/intra‐chain hydrogen bonding which is the driving force of organogelation of the polymers in suitable solvents. In absence of hydrogen bonding interaction, hydrophobic association fails to direct the self‐assembly process and no gelation is observed. An interesting feature of the homopolymeric gelators is that it can selectively congeal the diesel part from an oil–water biphasic mixture, which might be useful in oil spill treatment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 511–521
Geometric calibration of markerless optical surgical navigation system
Authors: Lin Qinyong , Cai Ken , Yang Rongqian , Xiao Weihu , Huang Jinhua , Zhan Yinwei , Zhuang Jian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐to‐image registration is required for image‐guided surgical navigation, but marker‐based registration is time consuming and is subject to manual error. Markerless registration is an alternative solution to avoid these issues.MethodsThis study designs a calibration board and proposes a geometric calibration method to calibrate the near‐infrared tracking and structured light components of the proposed optical surgical navigation system simultaneously.ResultsA planar board and a cylinder are used to evaluate the accuracy of calibration. The mean error for the board experiment is 0.035 mm, and the diameter error for the cylinder experiment is 0.119 mm. A calibration board is reconstructed to evaluate the accuracy of the calibration, and the measured mean error is 0.012 mm. A head phantom is reconstructed and tracked by the proposed optical surgical navigation system. The tracking error is less than 0.3 mm.ConclusionsExperimental results show that the proposed method obtains high accessibility and accuracy and satisfies application requirements.
Microwave‐Assisted Biogenic Synthesis of Metal‐Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide and their Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Gannavarapu Krishna Prasad , Azizighannad Samar , Muthukumar Sai , Mitra Somenath , Dandamudi Rajesh Babu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHerein we report a microwave assisted, fungal (Ganoderma lucidum) extract mediated synthesis of noble metal decorated reduced graphene oxide(r‐GO). The carbon to oxygen ratio increased from 1.46 in GO to 2.72 in r‐GO. The electron rate transfer capabilities of Pt, Pd, Ru, Pt−Pd and Pt−Ru decorated r‐GO were tested in ferri‐ferro coupling reaction. Excellent electrochemical behaviour were observed in their ability to oxidize hydrazine, reduce H2O2, as well as oxygen reduction in alkaline medium and hydrogen evolution in acidic medium. These reactions represent diverse applications in energy production, storage, electrochemical sensing and electro catalysis, thus the method presented here can be quite useful in diverse applications.
(Ni,Co)Se2/NiCo‐LDH Core/Shell Structural Electrode with the Cactus‐Like (Ni,Co)Se2 Core for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Xin , Wu Haijun , Guan Cao , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Dong Yangtao , Pennycook Stephen J. , Wang John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSupercapacitors (SCs) have been widely studied as a class of promising energy‐storage systems for powering next‐generation E‐vehicles and wearable electronics. Fabricating hybrid‐types of electrode materials and designing smart nanoarchitectures are effective approaches to developing high‐performance SCs. Herein, first, a Ni‐Co selenide material (Ni,Co)Se2 with special cactus‐like structure as the core, to scaffold the NiCo‐layered double hydroxides (LDHs) shell, is designed and fabricated. The cactus‐like structural (Ni,Co)Se2 core, as a highly conductive and robust support, promotes the electron transport as well as hinders the agglomeration of LDHs. The synergistic contributions from the two types of active materials together with the superior properties of the cactus‐like nanostructure enable the (Ni,Co)Se2/NiCo‐LDH hybrid electrode to exhibit a high capacity of ≈170 mA h g−1 (≈1224 F g−1), good rate performance, and long durability. The as‐assembled (Ni,Co)Se2/NiCo‐LDH//PC (porous carbon) asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with an operating voltage of 1.65 V delivers a high energy density of 39 W h kg−1 at a power density of 1650 W kg−1. Therefore, the cactus‐like core/shell structure offers an effective pathway to engineer advanced electrodes. The assembled flexible ASC is demonstrated to effectively power electronic devices.
Ionic Liquid‐Controlled Growth of NiCo2S4 3D Hierarchical Hollow Nanoarrow Arrays on Ni Foam for Superior Performance Binder Free Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Cui Yingxue , Zhang Jing , Jin Cen , Liu Yanxia , Luo Wenhao , Zheng Wenjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA significant development in the design of a NiCo2S4 3D hierarchical hollow nanoarrow arrays (HNA)‐based supercapacitor binder free electrode assembled by 1D hollow nanoneedles and 2D nanosheets on a Ni foam collector through controlling ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([OMIm]Cl) concentration is reported. The unique NiCo2S4‐HNA electrode acquires high specific capacity (1297 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, 2.59 C cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2), excellent rate capability (maintaining 73.0% at 20 A g−1), and long operational life (maintaining 92.4% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1), which are superior to those for 1D hollow nanoneedle arrays (HNN) and 2D porous nanoflake arrays (PNF). The outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the novel 3D structure with large specific surface, hollow cores, high porosity as well as stable architecture. In addition, a hybrid supercapacitor applying 3D NiCo2S4‐HNA as the positive electrode and active carbon as the negative electrode exhibits a high energy density of 42.5 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2684.2 W kg−1 in an operating voltage of 1.6 V. Robust cycling stability is also expressed with 84.9% retention after repeating 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, implying their great potential in superior‐performance supercapacitors.
Multifunctional Noncontact Micromanipulation Using Whirling Flow Generated by Vibrating a Single Piezo Actuator
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Shi Qing , Lin Yuqing , Kojima Masaru , Mae Yasushi , Fukuda Toshio , Huang Qiang , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA noncontact method that can achieve immobilization, transportation, and rotation in the microscale is desired in biological micromanipulation. A multifunctional noncontact micromanipulation method is proposed here based on a vibration‐generated whirling flow. Resonance of a cantilever structure is utilized to extend the straight vibration of a single piezo actuator to the 2D circular vibration of a micropipette. The circular vibration in fluids can generate the whirling flow featured with low pressure in the core area and flow velocity gradient. The low pressure can immobilize the objects nearby and transport them together with the micropipette, and the flow velocity gradient is utilized to form a torque to rotate the immobilized object. Experiments of the microbeads are conducted to evaluate the claimed functions and quantify the key parameters that influence the rotation velocity. The cell spheroid is immobilized and rotated for 3D observation, and by assessing the viability of the cells containing in the spheroid, the proposed method is proved noninvasive to living cells. Finally, another important application in operations of mouse egg cells is shown, which indicates that the proposed method is a potential valuable tool in biological micromanipulation.
The reported point centromeres of Scheffersomyces stipitis are retrotransposon long terminal repeats
Authors: Coughlan Aisling Y. , Wolfe Kenneth H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPoint centromeres, found in some ascomycete yeasts such Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are very different in structure from the centromeres of other eukaryotes. They are tiny and nonrepetitive and contain only two short conserved sequence motifs. Until recently, point centromeres were thought to have a single evolutionary origin, in the budding yeast family Saccharomycetaceae. Most yeasts outside this family have centromeres that are many kilobases in size. Some have centromeres consisting of a large inverted repeat sequence, others have centromeric clusters of retrotransposons, and a third group including Candida albicans has centromeres with no conserved sequence features. It was recently reported that Scheffersomyces stipitis has point centromeres with a strongly conserved 125‐bp core sequence, which is unexpected because S. stipitis is only distantly related to the known point‐centromere species. We show here that the 125‐bp core sequence is actually part of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Ty5‐like retrotransposon Tps5, which forms a cluster in the centromeric region of each S. stipitis chromosome. Thus, the LTR of a centromere‐associated retrotransposon confers centromere‐like mitotic stability when cloned into a plasmid. The centromeric regions of S. stipitis contain three types of Tps5 element (Tps5a, Tps5b, and Tps5c) and a noncoding nonautonomous large retrotransposon derivative.
Einleitung
Authors: Krimmer Holger 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Datenreport Zivilgesellschaft bietet erstmals einen Überblick über Stand und Entwicklung von Zivilgesellschaft und bürgerschaftlichem Engagement auf verbindender Grundlage der ganzen Bandbreite vorliegender Erhebungsdaten zu diesen Themen. Ein solcher Zugang ist möglich geworden durch die Zusammenarbeit der entsprechenden Institutionen und Akteure im Forum Zivilgesellschaftsdaten (FZD). Das Forum ist Plattform und Netzwerk aller datenerhebenden Akteure in dem genannten Thema und wurde seit Mai 2016 bis Juli 2018 vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend gefördert und von ZiviZ im Stifterverband organisiert.
Organisierte Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Priemer Jana , Bischoff Antje , Hohendanner Christian , Krebstakies Ralf , Rump Boris , Schmitt Wolfgang 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungWarum benötigen wir empirische Daten zu Vereinen, Stiftungen und anderen gemeinnützigen Organisationen ? Der Großteil bürgerschaftlichen Engagements findet nach wie vor überwiegend in Vereinen und anderen Organisationen des Dritten Sektors statt. Sie bilden also einen organisationalen Rahmen für bürgerschaftliches Engagement (vgl. Abschnitt 4.8). Zudem leisten diese Organisationen vielfältige gesellschaftliche Beiträge.
2D Spatial Distributions for Measures of Random Sequences Using Conjugate Maps
Authors: Li Qingping , Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAdvanced visual tools are useful to provide additional information for modern information warfare. 2D spatial distributions of random sequences play an important role to understand properties of complex sequences. This chapter proposes time sequences from a given logical function of 1D cellular automata in both Poincare map and conjugate map. Multiple measure sequences of Markov chains can be used to display spatial distributions using conjugate maps. Measure sequences are recursively produced by different logical functions generating maps. Possible complementary feature exists between pair functions. Conjugate symmetry relationships between a pair of logical functions in conjugate maps can be observed.
Novel Pseudorandom Number Generation Using Variant Logic Framework
Authors: Zheng Jeffrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCybersecurity requires cryptology for the basic protection. Among different ECRYPT technologies, stream cipher plays a central role in advanced network security applications; in addition, pseudorandom number generators are placed in the core position of the mechanism. In this chapter, a novel method of pseudorandom number generation is proposed to take advantage of the large functional space described using variant logic, a new framework for binary logic. Using permutation and complementary operations on classical truth table to form relevant variant table, numbers can be selected from table entries having pseudorandom properties. A simple generation mechanism is described and shown, and pseudorandom sequences are analyzed for their cycle property and complexity. Applying this novel method, it can play a useful role in future applications for higher performance of cybersecurity environments.
Numerical Prediction of the Microstructure and Stress Evolution During Surface Grinding of AISI 52100 (DIN 100Cr6)
Authors: Rajaei Ali , Hallstedt Bengt , Broeckmann Christoph , Barth Sebastian , Trauth Daniel , Bergs Thomas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGrinding is one of the most important finishing processes in industrial production. During grinding, the workpiece is subjected to thermomechanical loads. Thermal damage can occur in terms of microstructure changes due to a critical temperature history. A holistic model of the relevant physical load fields and their interactions would help describe and predict the influence of grinding loads on the residual stresses in the surface zone of the workpiece. In this paper, a very promising approach is introduced to simulate grinding of the hardened and tempered bearing steel AISI 52100 using the Finite Element Method (FEM). A material model was developed to describe the thermomechanical and metallurgical changes of the bearing steel under the process loads. Material properties were modeled depending on the temperature and microstructure changes. Temperature gradients, microstructure evolution, thermal, and phase transformation strains were integrated in the model to predict the residual stress state after grinding. Experimental and simulative investigations were conducted for pendulum grinding, and the measured and simulated residuals stresses were compared. The depth of the subsurface zone, where thermally influenced microstructural changes occur, varied with changes of the process parameters. Experiments and simulations showed compressive stresses in the re-hardened zone and tensile stresses in the tempered area.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Psychological Interventions in Promoting Preparedness to Armed Conflicts – A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bodas Moran , Siman-Tov Maya , Kreitler Shulamith , Peleg Kobi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveDespite efforts by civil defense authorities, levels of households’ preparedness to emergencies remain insufficient in many countries. Engaging the public in preparedness behavior is a challenge worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of psychological intervention in promoting preparedness behavior to armed conflicts in Israel.MethodsA randomized controlled trial (N = 381) with two control groups and three intervention groups was used. The psychological interventions studied were elevated threat perception, external reward, and manipulation of a cognitive cluster related to preparedness.ResultsThe results of the analysis suggest a significant effect of intervention on the increase of reported preparedness (F4,375= 4.511,P= 0.001). The effect is attributed to the intervention group in which external reward was offered. Participants in this group were about two times more likely to report greater levels of preparedness compared to the control group (RR = 1.855; 95% CI: 1.065, 3.233).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that preparedness behavior can be promoted through external incentives. These are presumably effective motivators because they encourage preparedness while allowing subjects to retain their denial as an adaptive coping mechanism. Innovative thinking is required to overcome the psychological barriers associated with public reluctance to engage in preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;13:713–723)
Active Shooter and Terrorist Event-Related Posttraumatic Stress and Depression: Television Viewing and Perceived Safety
Authors: Fullerton Carol S. , Mash Holly B. Herberman , Morganstein Joshua C. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship of sniper-related television viewing (TV) and perceived safety to posttraumatic stress (PTS) and depressive symptoms during the Washington, DC sniper attacks.MethodsParticipants were 1238 Washington, DC area residents assessed using an internet survey including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, hours of TV, and perceived safety.ResultsAlmost 40% (n = 459) of participants watched at least 2 hours of sniper-related TV daily. TV viewing was associated with lower total perceived safety. After adjusting for demographics, more TV viewing and decreased perceived safety were related to increased PTS and depressive symptoms. TV viewing modified the effect of safety on PTS and depressive symptoms. Among participants with low and high perceived safety, hours of TV were positively associated with PTS; however, the effect was stronger among those with low perceived safety. The relationship of TV to increased depressive symptoms was identified only in participants who reported low perceived safety.ConclusionsThe influence of media exposure and perceived safety have implications for intervention by community leaders and mental health care providers. Recommendations include limiting media exposure during a terrorist event, particularly among those who perceive that their safety is at risk, and targeting safety in communication strategies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:570-576)
Structure and Metamorphism of Markam Gneiss Dome From the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and Its Implications for Crustal Thickening, Metamorphism, and Exhumation
Authors: Zhao Z. B. , Du J. X. , Liang F. H. , Wu C. , Liu X. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGneiss domes developed in the eastern Songpan‐Ganzi Flysch (SGF) belt, located in the hinterland of the Longmen Shan Thrust belt of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. These domes have similar pressure‐temperature (denoted as P‐T below) paths and formed during Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic. One of them, the Markam Gneiss Dome (MGD), is cored by granite and is mantled by a metaturbidite aureole. Our structural observations show top‐to‐the‐south shearing that transposed an upright S1 foliation into a flat‐lying NW‐SE striking S2 composite foliation in the Triassic metaturbidites. Thin sections reveal that the metamorphic index minerals biotite, garnet, and staurolite grew prior to the transposition into S2, whereas kyanite and sillimanite crystallized syn‐S2 development. P‐T pseudosections for the metaturbidites indicate a temperature peak of approximately 618–632 °C and a pressure peak of approximately 6–8 kbar. The highest P‐T condition was immediately followed by isothermal decompression, which is represented by the sillimanite overgrowing andalusite and biotite. Granite was emplaced at ~10‐ to 15‐km depth, during isothermal decompression. Zircon U‐Pb geochronology of metaturbidites, granite, and pegmatite of the MGD indicates that (1) the metaturbidites are younger than 240 Ma, (2) the granite was mainly sourced from the metaturbidites, and (3) deformation leading to the transposition of S1 into S2 mainly occurred ca. 215–170 Ma. Our new P‐T‐D‐t results from the MGD confirm those of other gneiss domes in the SGF and indicate Late Triassic‐Early Jurassic crustal shortening and thickening that probably reflects coeval low‐viscosity crustal flow of the SGF.
A Statistical Study on the Properties of Dips Ahead of Dipolarization Fronts Observed by MMS
Authors: Schmid D. , Volwerk M. , Plaschke F. , Nakamura R. , Baumjohann W. , Wang G. Q. , Wu M. Y. , Zhang T. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMagnetic reconnection in the magnetotail accelerates plasma in short‐duration bursts of fast flows, referred to as bursty bulk flows toward the Earth. These bursty bulk flows are typically accompanied by a sharp increase in the northward magnetic field component, the so‐called dipolarization front (DF). This rapid increase in northward magnetic field is often preceded by a decrease, the so called DF‐dip, where the northward magnetic field component sometimes even changes sign and turns southward. Here we present a statistical study of the DF‐dip of 43 events, using observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission during summer 2017, when MMS's apogee was located in the magnetotail around 25 RE. The 43 events are subdivided into two categories according to their DF‐dip: 20 events where the DF‐dip stays northward (positive DF‐dip category) and 23 events where the DF‐dip turns fully southward (negative DF‐dip category). We find that (1) the magnetic field depression ahead of the DF of the positive DF‐dip events correlates mainly with perpendicular currents and diamagnetic currents flowing ahead of the DF and (2) the magnetic field depression ahead of the DF of the negative DF‐dip events correlates mainly with field‐aligned currents and that this type of events might be (a) earthward moving flux rope‐like structures caused by multiple X‐line reconnection and/or (b) are a result of localized, single X‐line reconnection under a guide field.