bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Large-Scale Mining Fiscal Regime in the Philippines
Authors: Magno Cielo , Guzman Ricardo Rafael S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Economies that derive substantial government revenues from natural resources face the unique challenge of implementing fiscal regimes that deliver a fair share of rents without discouraging private investment in extractive sectors. However, designing progressive and non-distortionary fiscal tools requires an evaluation of the current fiscal regime and the extent to which it captures the resource rent – the surplus return above the value of capital, labor, and opportunity costs incurred to exploit the resource. To evaluate the efficiency of the Philippines’ fiscal regime, we compare the resource rent to government revenues from mining activity. Then, we estimate the effective tax rates under the current fiscal regime and other combinations of fiscal tools. First, we look at aggregated tax payments of all large-scale mining companies over a ten-year period and compare them with the estimated resource rent. Second, we model the different tax regimes using firm-level data from a nickel mine. We propose a fiscal regime for the mining sector in the Philippines that is least distortionary while appropriate given the country’s regulatory context and administrative capacity.
Epistemological Borders and Crossings in the War against ISIS in the Philippines
Authors: Gonzalez Eduardo T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following the approach of Judith Butler in Frames of war: When is life grievable? and similar theoretical perspectives, the paper examines how the war against ISIS in Southern Philippines discursively represents the “other” – the victims of war – as dispensable “collateral damage”. There is no disputing that the siege of Marawi City by an ISIS- inspired group has taken a terrible toll on human life and has exposed the increasing vulnerability of the country to terrorism. Yet, the relation between the state and the displaced victims that emerged, brought forth in and through media reporting and political commentaries, constitutes an epistemological border that casts the military (as the state’s instrument) as the uncontested heroic entity, yet at the same time keeps the dislocated inhabitants – mostly Muslim minorities – out of sight, inaccessible, and in due course ungrievable. Media texts and commentaries, privileging state perspectives and sources, implicitly establish what counts as “grievable” lives. A privileged hegemonic perspective has kept the war victims de-subjectified, rendering their suffering and the grave humanitarian conditions on the ground unproblematic. The paper then looks into how a “desensitized” political discourse is structured by this new cognitive orientation. While some Marawi voices still surface, the focus is on gaining direct public empathy and identification toward a particular side and engendering moral indifference toward the victims. Lastly, the paper looks at epistemological crossings in the form of alternative (and potentially disruptive) discourses that have emerged, despite the narrowed liminal space. It argues that war victims, in a context of new meanings, retain some form of agency that might engender change, and could reemerge as recognizable voices who can participate as full partners in the collective restoration of Marawi and the Muslim community.
Supplement to the knowledge of the Tachinus longicornis-group (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) in China
Authors: CHANG YUAN , LI LI-ZHEN , YIN ZI-WEI 
Published: October 2019

A new species of the Tachinus longicornis-group of the subgenus Tachinoderus Motschulsky, i.e., T. motuoensis Chang, Li & Yin, sp. nov., is described from Xizang, China. New collecting records are provided for T. (Tachinoderus) bilobus Chang, Li & Yin and T. (Tachinoderus) ohbayashii Li, Zhao & Sakai in Hubei.
Interannual Variability of the Overturning and Energy Transport in the Atmosphere and Ocean During the Late Twentieth Century with Implications for Precipitation and Sea Level
Authors: Hieronymus Magnus , Nycander Jonas 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe overturning circulations in the atmosphere and ocean transport energy from the tropics to higher latitudes and thereby modulate Earth’s climate. The interannual variability in the overturning over the last 40 years is found to be dominated by two coupled atmosphere–ocean modes. The first is related to the meridional motion of the intertropical convergence zone and the second to El Niño. Both modes have a strong influence on the sea level variability in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. The interannual variability of the cross-equatorial energy transport is dominated by the first mode, and the variability is larger in the Indo-Pacific Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean or the atmosphere. Our results suggest an important role of oceanic energy transport in setting precipitation patterns in the tropics and a key role of the Indo-Pacific Ocean as a climate modulator.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Different Velopharyngeal Closure Patterns
Authors: Huang Hanyao , Yin Heng , Wang Yang , Chen Nan , Huang Dantong , Luo Xiangyou , Yin Xing , Zheng Qian , Shi Bing , Li Jingtao 
Published: October 2019

Objective: Velopharyngeal (VP) closure has high impact on the quality of life, especially in patients with cleft palate. For better understanding the VP closure, it is important to understand the airflow dynamics of different closure patterns, including circular, coronal, sagittal, and circular with a Passavant’s ridge. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the airflow characteristics of different velopharyngeal closure patterns. Methods: Sixteen adults with no notable upper airway abnormality who needed multislice spiral computed tomography scans as part of their clinical care. Airways were reconstructed. A cylinder and a cuboid were used to replace the VP port in three models of VP port patterns. Flow simulations were carried using computational fluid dynamics. Airflow pressures in the VP orifice, oral cavity and nasal cavity, as well as airflow velocity through the velopharyngeal orifice, were calculated. Results: The airflow dynamics at the velopharynx were different among different velopharyngeal patterns as the area of the velopharyngeal port increased from 0 to 25 mm2. The orifice areas of different closure conditions in four velopharyngeal closure patterns were significantly different. The maximal orifice area for adequate velopharyngeal closure was 7.57 mm2 in the coronal pattern and 6.21 mm2 in the sagittal pattern. Conclusions: Airflow dynamics of the velopharynx were correlated to the velopharyngeal closure patterns. Different closure patterns had different largest permitted orifice areas for getting the appropriate oral pressures for normal speech.
Sustainable ultrasound-assisted ultralow liquor ratio dyeing of cotton fabric with natural turmeric dye
Authors: Ma Xiaofei , Wei Yujuan , Wang Shuo , Zuo Xin , Shen Baolei 
Published: October 2019

Natural dyes are environmentally friendly and have become important alternatives to synthetic dyes in some dyeing products. Therefore, better extraction and dyeing techniques need to be developed for the dyeing process of natural dyes. In this work, cotton fabric was dyed using turmeric extraction solution under an ultralow liquor ratio (materials to liquor ratio of 1:5) and ultrasonic-assisted conditions. Dye extraction using different dispersants and pH values has been investigated and three-factor-three–level Box–Behnken design was employed to explore the dyeing conditions. It was found that sodium dodecyl sulfate systems and ultrasonic waves can effective improve the dyeing depth under neutral condition. The K/ S value can reach 2.53 with ultrasonic power of 200 W, dyeing time of 30 min and temperature of 40℃. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the application of ultrasound did not cause obvious fiber damage. The developed technique could be used in the textile industry to make dyeing cotton fibers with natural dyes more sustainable than it is at present.
Investigating Patient Preferences in Medical Student Attire in the Outpatient Otolaryngology Setting
Authors: Sax Leah , Wong Kevin , Shetty Kunal R. , Devaiah Anand K. , Levi Jessica , Grillone Gregory A. 
Published: October 2019

Background: The authors sought to investigate patient preferences on physician and medical student attire in the outpatient otolaryngology setting. Methods: A prospective sample of 50 (23 males, 27 females) patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic in a North American teaching hospital, Boston, MA, were included. Patients were seen by a researcher wearing a white coat and either (1) a shirt and tie or (2) surgical scrubs, then completed a Likert-style survey evaluating feelings of trust, comfort, and professionalism. Statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Results: Most patients (82%, 41/50) believed that attire was important. Men and older patients were significantly more likely to believe attire was important ( P = .01 and .005, respectively). Patients were significantly more comfortable when seen by a provider wearing a shirt and tie compared to scrubs ( U = 109.5, P = .021); however, there was no difference in feelings of trust or professionalism ( P = .5* and .6*, respectively). Conclusions: Physician attire is important for patients presenting to otolaryngology clinic. Patients favored a white coat with a shirt and tie. Level of Evidence: NA.
Establishing an Animal Model of Single‐Sided Deafness in Chinchilla lanigera
Authors: Banakis Hartl Renee M. , Greene Nathaniel T. , Benichoux Victor , Dondzillo Anna , Brown Andrew D. , Tollin Daniel J. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives(1) To characterize changes in brainstem neural activity following unilateral deafening in an animal model. (2) To compare brainstem neural activity from unilaterally deafened animals with that of normal‐hearing controls.Study DesignProspective controlled animal study.SettingVivarium and animal research facilities.Subjects and MethodsThe effect of single‐sided deafness on brainstem activity was studied in Chinchilla lanigera. Animals were unilaterally deafened via gentamycin injection into the middle ear, which was verified by loss of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Animals underwent measurement of ABR and local field potential in the inferior colliculus.ResultsFour animals underwent chemical deafening, with 2 normal‐hearing animals as controls. ABRs confirmed unilateral loss of auditory function. Deafened animals demonstrated symmetric local field potential responses that were distinctly different than the contralaterally dominated responses of the inferior colliculus seen in normal‐hearing animals.ConclusionWe successfully developed a model for unilateral deafness to investigate effects of single‐sided deafness on brainstem plasticity. This preliminary investigation serves as a foundation for more comprehensive studies that will include cochlear implantation and manipulation of binaural cues, as well as functional behavioral tests.
Adsorption of chlorophenolic compounds on activated clinoptilolite
Authors: Uçar Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, phenol and chlorophenols give rise to many organic pollutants. Concurrently, the occurring of phenolic compounds in aquatic ambit creates potential human health and environmental problems. There are a lot of technologies available for the treatment of organic pollutants. To remove phenol and chlorophenols, adsorption is a wastewater purification method. In this study, natural and activated clinoptilolite were carried out for the removal of phenol, ortho-chlorophenol, para-chlorophenol, and meta-chlorophenol. Activated clinoptilolite was prepared via acid activation and evaluated by means of Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. Phenol and chlorophenols have high adsorption rate, and equilibrium was reached in approximately 30 min. The maximum adsorptions of phenol, ortho-chlorophenol, meta-chlorophenol, and para-chlorophenols on the activated clinoptilolite were 6.7386, 8.6300, 9.5787, and 7.3758 mg g−1, respectively. The affinity order was in the following order: m-CP > o-CP > p-CP > Ph. The adsorption of phenol and chlorophenols decreased after pH = 6.25. Using the thermodynamic data, Gibbs free energy of the activated clinoptilolite was evaluated. The effects of different conditions such as pH, adsorption time, and initial concentration were analyzed. The adsorption rates of phenol and chlorophenols were constituted to be the maximum at approximately pH 6.5. Desorption of phenol and chlorophenols was carried out using ethyl alcohol solution (30%, v/v). The adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols on activated clinoptilolite were evaluated. The equilibrium adsorption data were the best suited to Freundlich adsorption isotherm pattern.
Whirlpool sign of adnexal torsion on CT: where can we find it?
Authors: Jung Sung Il , Park Hee Sun , Jeon Hae Jeong , Yu Mi Hye , Kim Young Jun , Chung Jieun , Jeong Kyungah 
Published: October 2019

Background Whirlpool sign on computed tomography (CT) is pathognomic of adnexal torsion. Purpose To evaluate the visibility and common location of the whirlpool sign in adnexal torsion on CT. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 143 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative CT imaging and subsequent surgically confirmed as adnexal torsion. Two readers independently recorded the presence and location of whirlpool sign in adnexal torsion on CT. Patients with and without whirlpool sign were compared with regard to the size of the adnexal mass and the degree of torsion. Results Whirlpool sign was detected in 60 (42.0%) patients on the transverse CT plane and 79 (55.2%) patients on the coronal CT plane of 143 patients. The sign was significantly better detected on the coronal CT plane than on the transverse CT plane ( P = 0.03). The most common location of the sign included the posterolateral aspect of the adnexal mass on the transverse CT plane (25/60, 41.7%, P = 0.04) and the upper-lateral aspect of the adnexal mass on the coronal CT plane (45/79, 60.0%, P < 0.001). The size of the adnexal mass with whirlpool sign was significantly larger than the mass without whirlpool sign on the transverse CT plane (median 9.6 vs. 8.6 cm, P = 0.03). No significant difference in the degree of torsion was found between patients with and without whirlpool sign on CT ( P = 0.56–0.62). Conclusion Whirlpool sign of adnexal torsion is well detected at the upper-lateral aspect of adnexal mass on the coronal CT plane.
Exponential subtraction in 3D ultrashort echo time imaging to visualize short T2 tissues in tibia
Authors: Li Sha , Huang Xinrui , Li Guozhen , Zhang Yibao , Li Zhaotong , Liu Liangyou , Gao Song 
Published: October 2019

Background Short T2 tissues can be directly visualized by dual-echo ultrashort echo time imaging with weighted subtraction. As a type of post-processing method, exponential subtraction of ultrashort echo time images with an optimal exponential factor is expected to provide improved positive short T2 contrast. Purpose To test the feasibility and effectiveness of exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging and to determine the optimal exponential factor. Material and Methods A dual-echo three-dimensional ultrashort echo time sequence was implemented on a 3-T MRI system. Exponential subtraction was performed on dual three-dimensional ultrashort echo time images of the tibia of seven healthy volunteers with exponential factors in the range of 1.00–3.00 in increments of 0.01. The regions of interest, including cortical bone, marrow, and muscle, were depicted on subtracted images of different exponential factors. Contrast-to-noise ratio values were calculated from these regions of interest and then used to assess the optimal exponential factor. To determine intra-observer agreement regarding region of interest selection, paired intra-observer measurements of regions of interest in all direct subtraction images were conducted with a one-week interval and the paired measurements were assessed using Bland–Altman analysis and paired-samples t-test. Results Cortical bone can be better visualized by using exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging; the suggested optimal exponential factor is 1.99–2.03 in the tibia. Paired measurements showed excellent intra-observer agreement. Conclusion It is feasible to visualize cortical bone of the tibia using exponential subtraction in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time imaging. Compared with weighted subtraction images, exponential subtraction images with an optimal exponential factor provide enhanced visualization of short T2 tissues.
Biochemical changes in knee articular cartilage of novice half-marathon runners
Authors: Qiu Leiyu , Perez Jose , Emerson Christopher , Barrera Carlos M. , Zhong Jianping , Nham Fong , Jose Jean , Lesniak Bryson P. , Kaplan Lee D. , Baraga Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

Objective To evaluate changes in knee articular cartilage of novice half-marathon runners using magnetic resonance imaging T2 relaxation time mapping. Methods Healthy subjects were recruited from local running clubs who met the following inclusion criteria: (i) age 18–45 years; (ii) body mass index less than 30 kg/m2; (iii) had participated in one half-marathon or less (none within the previous 6 months); (iv) run less than 20 km/week; (v) no previous knee injury or surgery; (vi) no knee pain. T2 signals were measured pre- and post-race to evaluate the biochemical changes in articular cartilage after the subjects run a half-marathon. Results A significant increase in the mean ± SD T2 relaxation time was seen in the outer region of the medial tibial plateau (50.1 ± 2.4 versus 54.7 ± 2.6) and there was a significant decrease in T2 relaxation time in the lateral femoral condyle central region (50.2 ± 4.5 versus 45.4 ± 2.9). There were no significant changes in the patella, medial femoral condyle and lateral tibia articular surfaces. Conclusion An increase in T2 relaxation time occurs in the medial tibial plateau of novice half-marathon runners. This limited region of increased T2 values, when compared with complete medial compartment involvement seen in studies of marathon runners, may represent an association between distance run and changes seen in articular cartilage T2 values.
Psychological nursing approach on anxiety and depression of patients with severe urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy – a pilot study
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Hu Yue , Cheng Jing-Xian , Ding Ping 
Published: October 2019

Objective To implement a psychological intervention programme and explore its effects on anxiety and depression in patients with severe urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. Methods This pilot randomized controlled trial recruited patients that underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Patients were randomized to conventional nursing and psychoeducation groups. The primary outcome was the levels of anxiety and depression evaluated by the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) at 3 months after urinary catheter removal. The quality of life (secondary outcome) was evaluated using the incontinence-specific quality of life scale (I-QOL). Results The study analysed 35 patients: 16 received conventional nursing and 19 received a psychoeducational intervention. There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic data and SAS, SDS and I-QOL scores between the two groups at baseline. At 3 months after catheter removal, the SAS and SDS scores in the psychoeducation group were significantly lower compared with the conventional nursing group; and the I-QOL score in the psychoeducation group was significantly higher compared with the conventional nursing group. Conclusion This pilot study suggests that the psychological nursing intervention improved the symptoms of anxiety and depression, and improved quality of life, in patients with severe urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy.
Maternal anxiety, social status, and dental caries formation in children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hatipoğlu Zerrin , Akşit-Bıçak Damla 
Published: October 2019

Objective We sought to evaluate the association of maternal anxiety and social status with caries formation in children. Methods Participants comprised 258 pairs of children and their mothers. We collected information regarding age, sex, birth order of children, and mothers’ education and marital status using a questionnaire. The Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to determine maternal trait anxiety levels. The children underwent oral examination. Total values for decayed, missing, filled, and total permanent/primary teeth (DMFT/dmft) were evaluated according to standards of the World Health Organization. Results No significant relationship was found between the mother's anxiety level and DMFT/dmft scores in their children. A negative correlation was observed between the child’s age and dental caries in children. The sex of the child, mother's education level, and marital status of the mother showed a weak negative correlation with the number of dental caries observed in their children. Conclusion Although social, economic, and environmental factors might contribute substantially to the development of dental caries, we failed to demonstrate a clear relationship between maternal anxiety and social status and dental caries in children. We can therefore conclude that biological factors are decisive in the formation of dental caries among children.
Clinical evaluation of total and high-avidity anti-dsDNA antibody assays for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yuan W , Cao H , Wan P , Shi R , Zhou S , Zheng J 
Published: October 2019

Background This study evaluated the diagnostic performances of total and high-avidity (HA) anti-dsDNA enzyme immunoassays (EIA) in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods A total of 410 serum samples from 217 SLE patients, 54 patients with other systemic autoimmune diseases, and 139 healthy subjects were tested on total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA, as well as three commercial in vitro diagnostic kits: BioPlex 2200 ANA Screen, Kallestad anti-dsDNA EIA, and Crithidia Lucilae IFA. The disease activities of SLE patients were assessed using the modified SLE Disease Activity Index. The diagnostic performances of each assay were analyzed using Analyse-it software. Results The diagnostic performances of the total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA kits were comparable to other commercially available in vitro diagnostic assays. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated an area under the curve ranging from 0.85 to 0.89, with the total anti-dsDNA kit demonstrating the highest sensitivity and the HA kit showing higher specificity. An overall agreement of >90% was observed between the total and HA anti-dsDNA EIA kits and commercially available quantitative anti-dsDNA kits. The ratio of HA to total anti-dsDNA antibody was significantly higher among SLE patients with active disease status and/or kidney damage. All assays exhibited a significant correlation with disease activity and multiple clinical manifestations. Conclusions While the clinical performances of various anti-dsDNA assays showed adequate agreements, the BioPlex 2200 anti-dsDNA assay demonstrated the highest positive likelihood ratio and odds ratio. The HA anti-dsDNA EIA kit in association with the total anti-dsDNA kit provided superior performance in SLE diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.