bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VP18 Antibiotics And Orthopedic Surgery Without Implant: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Davies Sophia Campbell , Inserra Chiara , Muserra Gaetana , Bignamini Angelo , Minghetti Paola 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:According to guidelines, antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery without implant is not recommended for the reduction of the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI); however, the evidence level is low. Surveys have shown that preoperative antibiotics for orthopedic procedures without implant are administered routinely by surgeons due to medico-legal concerns. Such practice may have an important impact on costs, side effects and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the objective of the review is to evaluate existing clinical evidence.Methods:A systematic review was performed with the use of Pubmed, EMBASE/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, SBBL-CILEA/METACRAWLER, ISRCTN Registry, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. Trials were initially screened by the title and abstract; secondly, full papers were analysed. The meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials (RCT) with patients undergoing surgery as treatment for any orthopedic impairment that did not need implantation. Heterogeneity analysis of the studies was conducted with chi-square. The statistical analysis of the infection rate was performed using the meta package with the R software. The effect estimate was expressed in risk ratio (RR) and pooled using a random effects model. Study quality assessment was undertaken using the Jadad scale.Results:Of the 184 identified papers, 129 were excluded since they did not meet inclusion criteria and 45 were discarded because they were considered to be duplicate publications. After analyzing the 10 potentially relevant studies, only two were included. The study population consisted of 1,152 patients. No heterogeneity was observed; however, the studies were outdated and associated with a high risk of bias. According to the pooled RR, the incidence of infection in the intervention group was lower than the control group favoring prophylaxis (RR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.16−0.96, p = 0.040).Conclusions:The meta-analysis demonstrated, in contrast to the guidelines, that antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the incidence of SSI in elective orthopedic surgeries without implant; however, the low number of available studies and the high risk of bias show that the effect estimate is not statistically significant. Considering that antibiotic prophylaxis is usually administered in clinical practice, RCTs are required to establish whether antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic procedures without implant is recommended or if this practice could cause more harm.
VP22 Future Trends For Managed Access Agreements In The UK
Authors: Walsh Sean , Tsang Ricky , Turkstra Erika , Macaulay Richard 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:In recent years, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has increasingly agreed to reimburse innovative products with high levels of uncertainty as part of managed access agreements (MAAs) while new data are collected; namely, this has occurred through the new Cancer Drugs Fund (CDF) and highly specialized technology (HST) appraisal pathway. This research aimed to provide a review of ongoing data collection arrangements as part of MAAs agreed with NICE.Methods:We reviewed all current MAAs entered into between the National Health Service (NHS) England and manufacturers as of 24 November 2017 and extracted relevant information related to the data collection arrangements.Results:Thirteen MAAs were identified (10 through the CDF; 3 through HST). All MAAs involved an observational data collection agreement. The source of observational data collection was existing NHS databases (11 MAAs: 85 percent), existing independent registries (1 MMA: 8 percent [ataluren]); bespoke MAA registry maintained by manufacturer (1 MAA: 8 percent [asfotase alfa]), and registries developed as a requirement for regulatory approval and maintained by the manufacturer (1 MAA: 8 percent [elosulfase alfa]). Only 4 MAAs (asfotase alfa, ataluren, elosulfase alfa, and venetoclax) had observational data collection as the sole basis of the data collection agreement. The other 9 MAAs (69 percent; all from the CDF) also required on-going data collection from clinical trials as a key component of the data collection agreement.Conclusions:This research shows that current MAAs have predominantly utilized either ongoing data collection (e.g. from RCTs) or existing registries to date for which limited additional set-up administration and costs would be required. However, NICE plan to increase the use of MAAs, with ongoing NICE consultation for changes in the appraisal process to expand MAAs to include all indications. In future, manufacturers will have more opportunities to explore and leverage innovative and bespoke MAAs to help achieve access.
VP33 Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy For Treating Achalasia: A Rapid Review
Authors: Chen Deborah , Burgess Naomi 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:The best available research and funding policy evidence regarding the regulatory status, patient selection criteria, safety, clinical effectiveness, and financial impact of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for the treatment of achalasia was synthesized for statewide decision making for a South Australian local health network.Methods:A comprehensive systematic search of twenty-three gray literature sources and three published literature databases for international evidence was conducted, based on a priori inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was critically appraised. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted in narrative form.Results:Short-term safety and clinical data from very low-level studies showed that POEM appears to be a relatively safe and clinically effective endoscopic treatment for esophageal achalasia, compared with laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM). One primary safety concern consistently highlighted by the literature was gastroesophageal reflux (GER) after POEM, since no anti-reflux procedure is involved. Operative time and length of hospital stay for POEM were comparable with LHM and potentially favor POEM. The comparative long-term outcomes for the POEM procedure are not known. No studies have investigated the cost-effectiveness of POEM. Conflicting findings were reported on whether POEM is cheaper or more expensive than LHM. POEM is a technically challenging procedure with a substantial learning curve. Patients who undergo POEM may require postoperative surveillance and testing to evaluate procedural success and to identify potential complications. Current literature showed limited analysis and systematic elucidation of an optimal patient group that may best benefit from POEM.Conclusions:The POEM procedure should be carried out at an experimental or trial level only, with strict auditing of results. POEM procedures should ideally be performed at institutions where an adequate level of surgical and critical care backup is available to provide expert care should complications arise. Monitoring of patient outcomes, including symptom improvement, is recommended for clinical assessment and reporting to determine future adoption in the South Australian public health sector.
Disaster Health Management: Do Pharmacists Fit in the Team?
Authors: Watson Kaitlyn E. , Tippett Vivienne , Singleton Judith A. , Nissen Lisa M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn addition to the traditional logistics role, pharmacists are undertaking important new roles in disasters. Despite this, little is known about the level of acceptance of these activities by other providers.ProblemThe aim of this study was to determine the international opinion of disaster and health professionals regarding the emerging roles of pharmacists in disasters.MethodsDelegates at the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine’s (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) 20thCongress in Toronto, Canada (April 2017) were invited to complete an anonymous survey posing eight questions regarding attitudes towards pharmacists’ roles in disasters. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM (IBM Corp.; Armonk, New York USA) SPSS statistical software version 23, and qualitative data were manually coded.ResultsOf the 222 surveys handed out, 126 surveys were completed yielding a 56.8% response rate. Of the respondents, 96.8% (122/126) believed pharmacists had a role in disasters additional to logistics. Out of 11 potential roles pharmacists could perform in a disaster, provided on a 5-point Likert scale, eight roles were given a rating of “Agree” or “Strongly Agree” by 72.4% or more of the participants. Lack of understanding of a pharmacist’s roles and capabilities was the highest described barrier to pharmacists’ roles in disaster management.ConclusionsThis multi-disciplinary disaster health “community” agreed pharmacists have roles in disasters in addition to the established role in supply chain logistics. Participants accepted that pharmacists could possibly undertake numerous clinical roles in a disaster. Several barriers were identified that may be preventing pharmacists from being further included in disaster health management planning and response.WatsonKE,TippettV,SingletonJA,NissenLM.Disaster health management: do pharmacists fit in the team?Prehosp Disaster Med.2019;34(1):30–37.
Increased risk of type 2 diabetes among the siblings of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Huang Mao-Hsuan , Chen Mu-Hong , Huang Kai-Lin , Hsu Ju-Wei , Bai Ya-Mei , Cheng Chih-Ming , Su Tung-Ping , Li Cheng-Ta , Tsai Shih-Jen , Lin Wei-Chen , Yang Albert C. , Chen Tzeng-Ji 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundResearch suggests an association between metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and schizophrenia. However, the risk of metabolic disorders in the unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia remains unclear.MethodsUsing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 3135 unaffected siblings of schizophrenia probands and 12,540 age-/sex-matched control subjects were included and followed up to the end of 2011. Individuals who developed metabolic disorders during the follow-up period were identified.ResultsThe unaffected siblings of schizophrenia probands had a higher prevalence of T2DM (3.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.010) than the controls. Logistic regression analyses with the adjustment of demographic data revealed that the unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia were more likely to develop T2DM (odds ratio [OR]: 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–1.75) later in life compared with the control group. Moreover, only female siblings of schizophrenia probands had an increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07–2.01) during the follow-up compared with the controls.DiscussionThe unaffected siblings, especially sisters, of schizophrenia probands had a higher prevalence of T2DM and hypertension compared with the controls. Our study revealed a familial link between schizophrenia and T2DM in a large sample. Additional studies are required to investigate the shared pathophysiology of schizophrenia and T2DM.
New Paleomagnetic Results From Middle Jurassic Limestones of the Qiangtang Terrane, Tibet: Constraints on the Evolution of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean
Authors: Cao Yong , Sun Zhiming , Li Haibing , Pei Junling , Liu Dongliang , Zhang Lei , Ye Xiaozhou , Zheng Yong , He Xiangli , Ge Chenglong , Jiang Wan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo constrain the relationship between the Qiangtang and Lhasa terranes and the evolution of the Bangong‐Nujiang Ocean (BNO), we carried out a paleomagnetic investigation of the Middle Jurassic limestone from the Shuanghu region in the southern Qiangtang terrane. Stepwise thermal demagnetization succeeded in isolating high‐temperature characteristic directions by either principal component or great circle fitting analyses. The site‐mean direction of the 13 sampling sites was Dg = 334.7°, Ig = 51.2°, kg = 27.9, α95 = 8.0° (in geographic coordinates) and Ds = 245.2°, Is = 54.1°, ks = 113.9, α95 = 3.9° (in stratigraphic coordinates). The paleomagnetic data passed both fold and reversal tests. Both rock magnetic and petrographic investigations suggest a primary magnetization. The paleomagnetic results imply that the paleolatitude of the Qiangtang terrane was 34.6 ± 4.6°N (reference site: 32.7°N, 89.4°E) in the Middle Jurassic. Combined with previous reliable paleomagnetic results, it is suggested that the Qiangtang terrane was situated at a stable paleolatitudinal position and did not undergo obvious N‐S displacement between the Late Triassic and the Middle Jurassic. Comparison with the paleomagnetic results available for the Lhasa terrane implies that the width of the BNO was 2,600 ± 710 km (23.4° ± 6.4°) during the Middle Jurassic. The BNO expanded from the Early to Middle Triassic, reached its maximum width in the Late Triassic, and then shrank until it closed by the Cretaceous.
Heat and Mass Transport in a Vapor‐Dominated Hydrothermal Area in Yellowstone National Park, USA: Inferences From Magnetic, Electrical, Electromagnetic, Subsurface Temperature, and Diffuse CO2 Flux Measurements
Authors: Bouligand Claire , Hurwitz Shaul , Vandemeulebrouck Jean , Byrdina Svetlana , Kass Mason Andrew , Lewicki Jennifer Lynn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVapor‐dominated hydrothermal systems are characterized by localized and elevated heat and gas flux. In these systems, steam and gas ascend from a boiling water reservoir, steam condenses beneath a low‐permeability cap layer, and liquid water descends, driven by gravity (“heat pipe” model). We combine magnetic, electromagnetic, and geoelectrical methods and CO2 flux and subsurface temperature measurements in the Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area in the Yellowstone Caldera to address several fundamental questions: (1) What are the structural and/or lithological controls on heat and mass transport in vapor‐dominated areas? (2) What is the geometry and size of convecting multiphase thermal plumes? (3) Are thermal plumes associated with subsurface rock alteration and demagnetization? Magnetic and electromagnetic data inversions suggest an asymmetric 50‐ to 100‐m thick basin of glacial deposits with the thickest part adjacent to the margin of a rhyolite flow. The 3‐D electrical conductivity model in the glacial basin reveals a narrow vertical conductor interpreted as a focused multiphase plume, which coincides at the ground surface with the heat and CO2 flux maxima. The magnetic data suggest that destruction of magnetic minerals due to rock alteration associated with the hydrothermal plume occurs mainly near the ground surface. We propose a model where the buoyant multiphase plume forms in response to decompression, boiling, and phase separation of pressurized thermal groundwater that discharges from the brecciated base of a rhyolite flow into the basin of glacial deposits. Results from multiphase groundwater flow and heat transport numerical simulations corroborate the first‐order characteristics of this model.
Crustal Shear Wave Velocity Structure of Central Idaho and Eastern Oregon From Ambient Seismic Noise: Results From the IDOR Project
Authors: Bremner Paul M. , Panning Mark P. , Russo R. M. , Mocanu Victor , Stanciu A. Christian , Torpey Megan , Hongsresawat Sutatcha , VanDecar John C. , LaMaskin Todd A. , Foster D. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe developed 3‐D isotropic crustal seismic velocity models of central Idaho and eastern Oregon from the IDOR (western IDaho and eastern ORegon) Passive seismic data. Ambient noise tomography yielded crustal velocity structure from vertical component Rayleigh wave group and phase velocity measurements. Results include a strong shear wave velocity contrast—faster in accreted Blue Mountains terranes west of the western Idaho shear zone (WISZ), slower in the Idaho batholith, emplaced within the Archean Grouse Creek block east of the WISZ—restricted to the upper‐to‐middle crust. In deeper crust not affected by mafic underplating during Columbia River Flood Basalt magmatism, the shear wave velocity of the Mesozoic Olds Ferry continental arc terrane is indistinguishable from that of the Archean Grouse Creek block basement. Crustal columns of the Olds Ferry terrane and the Permian‐Jurassic Wallowa intraoceanic arc terrane are characterized by low seismic velocities, consistent with felsic lithologies down to ∼20 km. West of the WISZ, the Bourne and Greenhorn subterranes of the Baker terrane, an accretionary complex between the arc terranes, have distinct shallow crustal seismic velocities. The Greenhorn subterrane to midcrustal depths is in an overthrust geometry relative to the Bourne subterrane. Lack of mafic lower crust in our results of the Wallowa or Olds Ferry arcs may be due to imbrication of upper crustal felsic plutonic complexes of these arcs. Shortening and thickening of the Blue Mountains arc terranes crust to >30 km, and subduction or delamination of their mafic lower crustal sections is a viable mechanism for growth of a felsic continental crust.
Automated, high-throughput measurement of size and growth curves of small organisms in well plates
Authors: Duckworth James , Jager Tjalling , Ashauer Roman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganism size and growth curves are important biological characteristics. Current methods to measure organism size, and in particular growth curves, are often resource intensive because they involve many manual steps. Here we demonstrate a method for automated, high-throughput measurements of size and growth in individual aquatic invertebrates kept in microtiter well-plates. We use a spheroid counter (Cell3iMager, cc-5000) to automatically measure size of seven different freshwater invertebrate species. Further, we generated calibration curves (linear regressions, all p < 0.0001, r2 >=0.9 for Ceriodaphnoa dubia, Asellus aquaticus, Daphnia magna, Daphnia pulex; r2 >=0.8 for Hyalella azteca, Chironomus spec. larvae and Culex spec. larvae) to convert size measured on the spheroid counter to traditional, microscope based, length measurements, which follow the longest orientation of the body. Finally, we demonstrate semi-automated measurement of growth curves of individual daphnids (C. dubia and D. magna) over time and find that the quality of individual growth curves varies, partly due to methodological reasons. Nevertheless, this novel method could be adopted to other species and represents a step change in experimental throughput for measuring organisms’ shape, size and growth curves. It is also a significant qualitative improvement by enabling high-throughput assessment of inter-individual variation of growth.
Increased throughput and ultra-high mass resolution in DESI FT-ICR MS imaging through new-generation external data acquisition system and advanced data processing approaches
Authors: Kooijman Pieter C. , Nagornov Konstantin O. , Kozhinov Anton N. , Kilgour David P. A. , Tsybin Yury O. , Heeren Ron M. A. , Ellis Shane R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDesorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) is a powerful imaging technique for the analysis of complex surfaces. However, the often highly complex nature of biological samples is particularly challenging for MSI approaches, as options to appropriately address molecular complexity are limited. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) offers superior mass accuracy and mass resolving power, but its moderate throughput inhibits broader application. Here we demonstrate the dramatic gains in mass resolution and/or throughput of DESI-MSI on an FT-ICR MS by developing and implementing a sophisticated data acquisition and data processing pipeline. The presented pipeline integrates, for the first time, parallel ion accumulation and detection, post-processing absorption mode Fourier transform and pixel-by-pixel internal re-calibration. To achieve that, first, we developed and coupled an external high-performance data acquisition system to an FT-ICR MS instrument to record the time-domain signals (transients) in parallel with the instrument’s built-in electronics. The recorded transients were then processed by the in-house developed computationally-efficient data processing and data analysis software. Importantly, the described pipeline is shown to be applicable even to extremely large, up to 1 TB, imaging datasets. Overall, this approach provides improved analytical figures of merits such as: (i) enhanced mass resolution at no cost in experimental time; and (ii) up to 4-fold higher throughput while maintaining a constant mass resolution. Using this approach, we not only demonstrate the record 1 million mass resolution for lipid imaging from brain tissue, but explicitly show such mass resolution is required to resolve the complexity of the lipidome.
Minimising peak current in boundary conduction mode for the four‐switch buck–boost DC/DC converter with soft switching
Authors: Xia Kun , Li Zheng , Qin Yujian , Yuan Yin , Yuan Qingqing 
Published: January 2019

The DC/DC converter needs the inductor to get the desirable increased voltage, which means it is impossible to avoid the power loss. Thus, minimising the inductor current may be a way to suppress the loss. In this study, to achieve higher efficiency of DC/DC converters, the control method to minimise peak current in boundary conduction mode (BCM) of the DC/DC converter is proposed when implementing soft switching of the converter switches. The comprehensive principle to minimise peak current in BCM is studied and the precise conduction time and conduction sequence of four switches of the buck–boost circuit are deduced. On comparing with the bipolar BCM and unipolar BCM, the proposed BCM could effectively reduce the inductor current in the DC/DC converter. Furthermore, low‐voltage and high‐voltage DC experiments were independently designed to verify the proposed control. The experimental results from a prototype of 1 kW DC/DC converter proved that this novel control method could realise the soft switching with the minimising peak current of the buck–boost converter switches and reduce the loss of the whole DC/DC converter.