bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicic acid limitation drives bloom termination and potential carbon sequestration in an Arctic bloom
Authors: Krause Jeffrey W. , Schulz Isabelle K. , Rowe Katherine A. , Dobbins William , Winding Mie H. S. , Sejr Mikael K. , Duarte Carlos M. , Agustí Susana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe spring diatom bloom in the Arctic Ocean accounts for significant annual primary production leading to the most rapid annual drawdown of water-column pCO2. Late-winter waters in the Atlantic Arctic & Subarctic Provinces (AASP) have lower silicic acid concentrations than nitrate, which suggests diatom blooms may deplete Si before N. Here we test a facet of the hypothesis that silicic acid limitation terminates the spring diatom bloom in the AASP and the sinking of the senescent and dead diatoms helps drive carbon sequestration. During a 6-week study, diatoms bloomed and progressively consumed silicic acid to where it limited their growth. The onset of growth limitation was concurrent with the minimum pCO2 in the surface waters and increases in both the proportion of dead diatoms and the diatom assemblage sedimentation rate. Data reanalysis within the AASP shows a highly significant and positive correlation between silicic acid and pCO2 in the surface waters, but no significant relationship with nitrate and pCO2 was observed unless data were smoothed. Therefore, understanding the future of the AASP spring diatom bloom requires models that explicitly consider changes in silicic acid supply as a driver of this process.
Factors influencing glycaemic stability after neonatal hypoglycaemia and relationship to neurodevelopmental outcome
Authors: Burakevych Nataliia , McKinlay Christopher J. D. , Harris Deborah L. , Alsweiler Jane M. , Harding Jane E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigher and unstable glucose concentrations in the first 48 hours in neonates at risk of hypoglycaemia have been associated with neurosensory impairment. It is unclear what defines and contributes to instability. This was a prospective study of term and late preterm babies (N = 139) born at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia who had interstitial glucose (IG) monitoring and ≥1 hypoglycaemic episode <48 hours after birth (blood glucose concentration <2.6 mmol/l [<47 mg/dl]). For 6-hour epochs after each hypoglycaemic episode, masked IG parameters (time to reach maximum IG concentration [hours]; range, average, maximum and minimum IG concentrations; proportion of IG measurements outside the central band of 3–4 mmol/l [54–72 md/dl]; and total duration [hours] of IG concentrations <2.6 mmol/l) were analysed in tertiles and related to: (i) glycaemic instability in the first 48 hours (defined as the proportion of blood glucose concentrations outside the central band in the first 48 hours); (ii) risk factors and treatment for each episode; and (iii) risk of neurosensory impairment at 4.5 years, or at 2 years if a child was not seen at 4.5 years. Glycaemic instability in the first 48 hours was related to IG instability after hypoglycaemia. Risk factors for hypoglycaemia were not related to IG parameters. Treatment with intravenous dextrose was associated with higher IG maximum and range, and lower minimum compared to treatment with dextrose gel plus breast milk, breast milk alone or formula alone. The risk of neurosensory impairment was increased with both shorter and longer time to reach maximum epoch IG (P = 0.04; lower tertile [0.4–2.2 hours] vs middle [2.3–4.2 hours] OR 3.10 [95% CI 1.03; 9.38]; higher tertile [4.3–6.0 hours] vs middle OR 3.07; [95% CI 1.01; 9.24]). Glycaemic response to hypoglycaemia contributes to overall glycaemic instability in newborns and is influenced by treatment. Slow or rapid recovery of hypoglycaemia appears to be associated with neurosensory impairment.
Gray Matter Alterations in Early and Late Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Evaluated with Synthetic Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Andica Christina , Hagiwara Akifumi , Kamagata Koji , Yokoyama Kazumasa , Shimoji Keigo , Saito Asami , Takenaka Yuki , Nakazawa Misaki , Hori Masaaki , Cohen-Adad Julien , Takemura Mariko Yoshida , Hattori Nobutaka , Aoki Shigeki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtensive gray matter (GM) involvement has been demonstrated in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study was aimed to identify GM alterations in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients using synthetic quantitative MRI (qMRI). We assessed myelin volume fraction (MVF) in each voxel on the basis of R1 and R2 relaxation rates and proton density in 14 early and 28 late (disease duration ≤5 and >5 years, respectively) RRMS patients, and 15 healthy controls (HCs). The MVF and myelin volumes of GM (GM-MyVol) were compared between groups using GM-based spatial statistics (GBSS) and the Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Correlations between MVF or GM-MyVol and disease duration or expanded disability status scale were also evaluated. RRMS patients showed a lower MVF than HCs, predominantly in the limbic and para-limbic areas, with more extensive areas noted in late RRMS patients. Late-RRMS patients had the smallest GM-MyVol (20.44 mL; early RRMS, 22.77 mL; HCs, 23.36 mL). Furthermore, the GM-MyVol in the RRMS group was inversely correlated with disease duration (r = −0.43, p = 0.005). In conclusion, the MVF and MyVol obtained by synthetic qMRI can be used to evaluate GM differences in RRMS patients.
Shortened leukocyte telomere length is associated with reduced pulmonary function and greater subsequent decline in function in a sample of World Trade Center responders
Authors: Clouston Sean A. P. , Edelman Norman H. , Aviv Abraham , Stewart Candace , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine whether shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with more rapid pulmonary function decline in a longitudinal study of World Trade Center (WTC) responders. WTC responders (N = 284) participating in a monitoring study underwent blood sampling and were followed prospectively for spirometric outcomes. A single blood sample was taken to measure LTL using southern blotting. Outcomes included percent-predicted one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%), and the FEV1/FVC ratio. In a subset, percent-predicted diffusing capacity (DLCO%) was also measured. Longitudinal modeling examined prospectively collected information over five years since blood was banked was used to examine the rate of change in pulmonary functioning over time. Severity of WTC exposure was assessed. Shorter LTL was associated with lower FEV1% and FVC% at baseline. For example, 29.9% of those with LTL <6.5 kbps had FEV1% <80% whereas only 12.4% of those with LTL ≥6.5 had FEV1% <80% (RR = 2.53, 95%CI = [1.70–3.76]). Lower DLCO% was also significantly associated with shorter LTL. Longitudinal models identified a prospective association between shorter LTL and greater yearly rates of decline in FEV1% (0.46%/year, 95%CI = [0.05–0.87]) and in the FEV1/FVC ratio (0.19%/year, 95%CI = [0.03–0.36]). There were no associations between severity of exposure and either LTL or pulmonary function. Longitudinal analyses revealed that shorter LTL, but not severity of WTC exposures, was associated with poorer pulmonary functioning and with greater subsequent decline in pulmonary functioning over time. These findings are consistent with the idea that shortened LTL may act as a biomarker for enhanced pulmonary vulnerability in the face of acute severe toxic inhalation exposures.
Catastrophic shear-removal of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the Colorado Plateau by the subducted Farallon slab
Authors: Hernández-Uribe David , Palin Richard M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe causes of Cenozoic uplift of the Colorado Plateau, southwestern USA, are strongly debated, though most hypotheses acknowledge the importance of northwest-directed subduction of the Farallon oceanic plate beneath North America since c. 100 Ma. Existing thermomechanical models suggest that the Farallon slab underthrust the proto-plateau region at ~200 km depth, removing the basal portions of its subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) root, although such small-volume subduction erosion cannot fully account for the degree of uplift observed today. Here we show via petrological modeling of lawsonite-bearing eclogite xenoliths exposed in diatremes in the center of the plateau that the Farallon slab surface penetrated through the proto-plateau SCLM at much shallower depths (~120 km) than these previous estimates, allowing shear-removal of ~80 km of SCLM – a volume up to three-times greater than previously suggested. This removal led to asthenospheric upwelling and isostatic rebound of the plateau region during the late Cretaceous to the Eocene. We posit that similar shear-removal of SCLM likely played a major role in inhibiting cratonic growth and stabilization in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic – when low-angle subduction of oceanic lithosphere was more prevalent than today – accounting for the atypically thin roots existing below many ancient cratons worldwide.
Constructing a three-dimensional graphene structure via bonding layers by ion beam irradiation
Authors: Abdol Mohammad Ali , Sadeghzadeh Sadegh , Jalaly Maisam , Khatibi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the use of the multilayer graphene sheets has been considered more than the single-layer due to the cost-effectiveness and the possibility of mass production. But this type of graphene has some kind of structural weakness due to the weak physical link between its layers. Then, in order to strengthen, many structural modifications are proposed by various techniques to manage the mechanisms at interlayer distances. In this study, the focused ion beam irradiation method has been examined to cross-link and strengthen multi-layer graphene sheets with the help of the molecular dynamics simulation technique. Then, uniaxial and transverse tensile tests were performed to check the mechanical properties of obtained cross-linked multilayer graphene sheets. The results of this research can be considered for the creation of a new class of graphene structures. Such structures could be implemented as a membrane in water desalination or as a storage foam in hydrogen or carbon dioxide storage.
Graphene Oxide increases mammalian spermatozoa fertilizing ability by extracting cholesterol from their membranes and promoting capacitation
Authors: Bernabò Nicola , Machado-Simoes Juliana , Valbonetti Luca , Ramal-Sanchez Marina , Capacchietti Giulia , Fontana Antonella , Zappacosta Romina , Palestini Paola , Botto Laura , Marchisio Marco , Lanuti Paola , Ciulla Michele , Di Stefano Antonio , Fioroni Elena , Spina Michele , Barboni Barbara 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGraphene Oxide (GO) is a widely used biomaterial with an amazing variety of applications in biology and medicine. Recently, we reported the ability of GO to improve the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in swine, a validated animal model with a high predictive value for human fertility. For that reason, here we characterized the mechanisms involved in this positive interaction by adopting an experimental approach combining biological methods (confocal microscopy analysis on single cell, flow cytometry on cell populations and co-incubation with epithelial oviductal cells), physical-chemical techniques (Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimetric Analysis), and chemical methods (mass spectrometry and lipid measurement). As a result, we propose a model in which GO is able to extract cholesterol from the spermatozoa membrane without causing any detrimental effect. In this way, the cholesterol extraction promotes a change in membrane chemical-physical properties that could positively affect male gamete function, modulating sperm signalling function and increasing in this way the fertilizing potential, without losing the ability to physiologically interact with the female environment. In conclusion, these data seem to suggest new intriguing possibilities in engineering sperm membrane for improving assisted reproduction technologies outcomes, even in human medicine.
High α B-crystallin and p53 co-expression is associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Tan Lin , Sha Ling , Hou Ning , Zhang Mei , Ma Qian , Shi Chuanbing 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Objectives: The present study investigated the correlation between α B-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5) and p53 expression in ovarian cancer and further analyzed the relationship between their expression and clinicopathology and the prognostic value of their co-expression in ovarian cancer. Methods: CRYAB and p53 expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry on ovarian cancer tumor tissues from 103 cases and validated in an independent group of 103 ovarian cancer patients. Results: High CRYAB and p53 expression rates in ovarian cancer tissues were 61.17% (63/103) and 57.28% (59/103), respectively, and their expression was positively correlated (r = 0.525, P=0.000). High CRYAB expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.028), lymph node metastasis (P=0.000), distant metastasis (P=0.005), tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.002), and survival (P=0.000), while high p53 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.006), pathological grade (P=0.023), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001), and survival (P=0.000). Further studies found that the high CRYAB and p53 co-expression was also significantly correlated with pathological grade (P=0.024), lymph node metastasis (P=0.000), Distant metastasis (P=0.015), TNM stage (P=0.013), and survival (P=0.000). High expression of either CRYAB or p53 and high co-expression of CRYAB and p53 were significantly correlated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), respectively (P&lt;0.05). Patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression had the worst prognoses among the groups. In addition, multivariate Cox regression models showed that high expression of either CRYAB or p53 and high co-expression of CRYAB and p53 were independent prognostic factors for DFS and OS (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the positive correlation and prognostic value of CRYAB and p53 expression were verified in another independent dataset. Conclusions: We demonstrated that patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression in ovarian cancer have significantly increased risks of recurrence, metastasis, and death compared with other patients. Therefore, more frequent follow-up of patients with high CRYAB and p53 co-expression is required. Our results also suggest that combination therapy with CRYAB inhibitors and p53 blockers may benefit future treatment of ovarian cancer patients with high co-expression of CRYAB and p53.
Otobone®: Three-dimensional printed Temporal Bone Biomodel for Simulation of Surgical Procedures
Authors: Bento Ricardo Ferreira , Rocha Bruno Aragão , Freitas Edson Leite , Balsalobre Fernando de Andrade 
Published: May 2019

Introduction The anatomy of the temporal bone is complex due to the large number of structures and functions grouped in this small bone space, which do not exist in any other region in the human body. With the difficulty of obtaining anatomical parts and the increasing number of ear, nose and throat (ENT) doctors, there was a need to create alternatives as real as possible for training otologic surgeons.
Objective Developing a technique to produce temporal bone models that allow them to maintain the external and internal anatomical features faithful to the natural bone.
Methods For this study, we used a computed tomography (CT) scan of the temporal bones of a 30-year-old male patient, with no structural morphological changes or any other pathology detected in the examination, which was later sent to a 3D printer in order to produce a temporal bone biomodel.
Results After dissection, the lead author evaluated the plasticity of the part and its similarity in drilling a natural bone as grade “4” on a scale of 0 to 5, in which 5 is the closest to the natural bone and 0 the farthest from the natural bone. All structures proposed in the method were found with the proposed color.
Conclusion It is concluded that it is feasible to use biomodels in surgical training of specialist doctors. After dissection of the bone biomodel, it was possible to find the anatomical structures proposed, and to reproduce the surgical approaches most used in surgical practice and training implants.
Bunch physical analysis.
Authors: Widodo P. , Nur F. , Nafisah E. , Forster B. P. , Hasibuan H. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Fresh fruit bunches harvested from the field should be transferred to the physical analysis laboratory as soon as possible to determine: bunch sample weight; the fruit type (Dura, Tenera and Pisifera); stalk weight; total number of spikelets in the bunch; percentage of fertile fruits in the bunch (F/B); number of parthenocarpic fruits in the bunch; number of under-developed fruits in the bunch; fruit set (FS); fruit weight (FWT); percentage of mesocarp in the fruits (M/F); and percentage of mesocarp in the fruit check (M/FC). Spikelets are separated from the stalk (after an overnight fermentation process with ethephon solution) by chopping with an axe. A random sample of spikelets (according to bunch weight) is taken, from which fruits are removed. The separated fruits are classified as either fertile, parthenocarpic or under-developed. A random sample of 30 fertile fruits without any bruising or damage is then taken for nut and oil analysis. But first the fruits should be scraped to clean off the mesocarp from the nut. The data required for calculating various parameters are recorded: fruit type; bunch weight; stalk weight; spikelet number; spikelet sample weight; fruit sample weight; 30 fruit sample weight; wet (fresh) mesocarp weight; and number of nuts.
Fruit sampling.
Authors: Widodo P. , Nur F. , Nafisah E. , Forster B. P. , Hasibuan H. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Both nut analysis and oil analysis require proper sampling. Fertile fruits without any damage (bruising or chopped) are sampled using a randomization box. The randomization box divides the fruit sample into two portions (into two container boxes). Thirty fruits are taken randomly from each box and placed onto two separate trays. The weight deviation between these two replicated trays should be less than 5%.
FLEGT and livelihoods.
Authors: Buchy M. , Hobley M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This review explores the links between the EUs Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Voluntary Partnership Agreements (FLEGT VPA) and forest and wood product-based livelihoods in the signatory and negotiating countries. It is a stock taking exercise of how sustainable livelihoods, within the context of the FLEGT VPA, have been considered in the literature, what have been the most prominent issues considered in the debates and which ones have been overlooked. Given the paucity of references specifically focused on the topic this review has widened to include issues around livelihoods and forests and conditions under which forests can or do contribute to poverty alleviation, tenure and governance arrangements, gender, regulation and formalization, and potential impacts of the VPA. This review concludes with a list of some unanswered questions that remain which perhaps point towards elements of a broader research agenda or policy focus.
Genetics of footrot resistance in small ruminants.
Authors: Azarpajouh S. , Díaz J. C. , Clifford-Rathert C. , Segura Correa J. , Lamberson W. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Footrot is a highly contagious disease with significant economic and animal welfare impacts on the small ruminant livestock industry. Host genetics, environmental conditions, nutrition, foot shape and structure, and age contribute to small ruminants' susceptibility to footrot. Selection for footrot resistance is a promising way to classify susceptible or resistant small ruminants without subjecting them to a pathogenic challenge, to reduce disease prevalence, to improve small ruminants' health and welfare and to produce safe, high-quality food. To date, there has been little focus on footrot resistance heritability and response to selection in small ruminants. This review paper (a) explains footrot and its aetiology in small ruminants, (b) describe genetics of disease resistance and marker-assisted selection, (c) discusses footrot resistance heritability, (d) addresses phenotypic and genetic variation in footrot resistance and selection for footrot resistance, and (e) defines phenotypic and genetic assessment for footrot resistance and footrot gene-marker screening test.
Distribution Pattern of Settlement in 2032 based on Population Density in Bengkulu City
Authors: Putrie Natasya Syafira , Susiloningtyas Dewi , Supriatna  , Pratami Mentari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPopulation and development activities that are increasingly urgent will demand higher settlements. Low population density and become higher along with population growth and centralization at the center which will shape the pattern of settlement spread. The research method used in this study is the Modeling of Cellular Automata and Geographic Information Systems. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns of population distribution in 2032 in the city of Bengkulu. This study shows the CA models in changing temporal land support capacity and forward prediction in 2032 models with physical and social data in Bengkulu City. The study is to help local authorities to better understand and address complex land use systems and develop better land use. The results showed that the distribution pattern in the western part of Bengkulu City had a high level of density and distribution pattern from the settlement of North-East-South clustering had a lower population density and random settlement distribution patterns.
A preliminary results of assessment of BMKG-WRF numerical model daily rainfall forecasts performance using categorical verification
Authors: Fatkhuroyan  , Praja A S , Wati T 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Indonesia Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG) has been using WRF (Weather and Research Forecasting) numerical weather model in forecasting daily rainfall accumulation. The method used to compare the daily rainfall accumulation of WRF forecast results (one to three days forecast) to rain-gauge observation data from 153 meteorological stations from March 2016 to December 2017 by using categorical verification techniques. The results show that the values of Frequency Bias Index (FBI), Proportion Correct (PC), Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm ratio (FAR), and Threat Score (TS) for one-day forecast and three-day forecast in 2016 are mostly lower than 2017. Meanwhile, for 2-days forecast in 2016 generally lower than 2017 except PC and FAR. Molucca-Papua have the highest value of PC (0.63) for one-day forecast while Kalimantan have the highest values of PC (0.67, 0.68) for 2 and 3 days ahead forecast. In contrary, Sumatera have the lowest PC value (0.55) for one-day forecast while Bali-Nusa Tenggara have the lowest PC value (0.58, 0.59) for 2 and 3 days ahead forecast, respectively. It can be concluded that the performance of BMKG WRF quite accurate in forecasting daily rainfall up to three days ahead.