bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refusing cesarean sections to protect fertile futures:
Authors: LOWE LUCY 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWhile cesarean sections are increasingly used worldwide, Somali refugee women in Kenya are rejecting the operation in attempts to protect their future reproductive capacities. In a context of displacement and insecurity, women's reproductive bodies can be crucial to their security and strategies for onward migration. Somali women's resistance to C‐sections mirrors prevalent practices of female circumcision, since they are both perceived by physicians as medically harmful but by women as essential to achieving gendered expectations of marriage and motherhood. The strategic modification and protection of reproductive capacities are situated in multifaceted social and political ruptures, and women's refusal of surgery is part of a long‐term, future‐oriented pursuit of motherhood and survival. [motherhood, refugees, cesarean section, female circumcision, migration, resistance, Somalia, Kenya]
TOOLS FOR RE‐RANDOMIZATION
Authors: Lara Bernardo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWith the rising popularity of field experiments in economics, re‐randomization schemes have emerged as tools to induce balance in observable variables across treatment groups. However, re‐randomization is not fully understood and the methodologies to estimate its effects on the distribution of parameters are still under‐developed. This paper helps to close that gap by suggesting an asymptotically normal re‐randomization scheme and bootstrapping procedure to carry inference under a wide range of estimators and re‐randomization schemes.
News sentiment and sovereign credit risk
Authors: Cathcart Lara , Gotthelf Nina M. , Uhl Matthias , Shi Yining 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe explore the impact of media content on sovereign credit risk. Our measure of media tone is extracted from the Thomson Reuters News Analytics database. As a proxy for sovereign credit risk we consider credit default swap (CDS) spreads, which are decomposed into their risk premium and default risk components. We find that media tone explains and predicts CDS returns and is a mixture of noise and information. Its effect on risk premium induces a temporary change in investors’ appetite for credit risk exposure, whereas its impact on the default component leads to reassessments of the fundamentals of sovereign economies.
Long‐Term Opioid Therapy in Older Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shah Rahul , Chou Lin‐Na , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Raji Mukaila A. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVESTo examine the rates and predictors of long‐term opioid therapy in older cancer survivors.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGTexas, United States.PARTICIPANTSCancer survivors (5 years or more postcancer diagnosis) diagnosed from 1995 to 2008 and who were also Medicare Parts A, B, and D beneficiaries.MEASUREMENTSWe used Medicare Part D event data to calculate the proportion of cancer survivors with a prolonged opioid prescription (90‐day or more supply of opioids/year). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify predictors of prolonged opioid prescribing. All analyses were repeated with a subcohort of opioid‐naïve cancer survivors.RESULTSThe rate of prolonged opioid therapy for cancer patients diagnosed in 2008 was 7.1% prior to cancer diagnosis; it rose to 9.8% within a year of cancer treatments, and to 13.3% at 5 years postdiagnosis. The rate at the sixth year varied by cancer sites: 19.4% in lung cancer and 9.6% in prostate cancer. Among opioid‐naïve survivors, the rate increased from 1.4% to 7.1%, from 5 to 18 years postcancer diagnosis. Cancer survivors diagnosed in 2004 to 2008 had higher rates of opioid prescribing compared to those diagnosed in 1995 to 1998 and 1999 to 2003. Years since diagnosis, a later year of diagnosis, female sex, urban location, lung cancer diagnosis, disability as reason for Medicare entitlement, Medicaid eligibility, one or more comorbidity, and history of depression or drug abuse were predictors of prolonged opioid therapy. Among opioid‐naïve cancer survivors, diagnosis in 2004 to 2008 was the strongest predictor, while a history of drug abuse was the strongest predictor for all the survivors.CONCLUSIONThe rates of prolonged opioid prescribing for older cancer survivors remained high at 5 or more years after cancer diagnosis. Our findings have potential to inform the development of clinical guidelines and public policy to ensure safer and more effective pain treatment in older cancer survivors. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:945–952, 2019.
Sexting and high sexual risk-taking behaviours among school youth in northern Ethiopia: estimating using prevalence ratio
Authors: Abrha Kidan , Worku Alemayehu , Lerebo Wondwossen , Berhane Yemane 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIncreasing access to digital technology to young people in low-income settings has greatly influenced their porngraphy viewing and sexting, receiving and/or sending of sexual explicit materials via electronic devices. These change the sexual communication and behaviour of the young population. However, evidence to attest this change is not available in our setting. Thus, this study examined the relationship of high sexual risk-taking behaviour with sexting and pornography viewing among school youth in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2015 by selecting school youth using a multistage sampling procedure. Data were collected using a pre-validated anonymous facilitator-guided self-administered questionnaire. Poisson regression was run to calculate adjusted prevalence ratio with its 95% confidence intervals. All differences were considered as significant for p values ≤0.05.ResultsIn total, 5924 questionnaires were distributed, and 5306 (89.57%) school youth responded in full to questions related to outcome variables. Of these respondents, 1220 (22.99%; 95% CI 19.45 to 26.96) were involved in high sexual risk-taking behaviour; 1769 (33.37%; 95% CI 30.52 to 36.35) had experienced sexting and 2679 (50.26%; 95% CI 46.92 to 53.61) were viewing pornography. The proportion of high sexual risk-taking behaviour was three-fold among pornography viewers (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) 95% CI 3.02 (2.52 to 3.62)) and two-fold among sexters (APR 95% CI 2.48 (1.88 to 3.27)) as compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsExposure to sexually explicit materials via communication technology is associated with increased high sexual risk-taking behaviour among school youth in northern Ethiopia. Considering these emerged predictors of sexual behaviours in our sexual education programmes, further research in this area is essential.
Simultaneous patient presentation for endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Dalsania Ankur K , Kansagra Akash P 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIncreased demand for endovascular thrombectomy has increased the likelihood of simultaneous patient presentation leading to competing demand for time-critical treatment that could adversely impact patient outcomes. We aimed to quantify the occurrence of simultaneous patient presentation at different patient volumes.MethodsEmpirical distributions for time of patient presentation and case duration were used to probabilistically generate arrival time and case duration for a set annual patient volume, ranging from 1 to 500 cases per year, for 16 000 independent trials at each volume. Time series were generated for each trial to represent the number of cases being performed at each minute of the year. Time series were used to calculate daily thrombectomy demand, annual concurrent demand, and hourly excess demand.ResultsThe patient volumes at which at least one annual occurrence of concurrent demand by two patients was 50% and 97.5% likely were 45 and 101, respectively. The volumes at which at least one annual occurrence of concurrent demand by three patients was 50% and 97.5% likely were 216 and 387, respectively. There was dramatic variation in the occurrence of excess demand by two or more patients throughout the day.ConclusionsThe occurrence of simultaneous presentation by multiple patients for endovascular thrombectomy varies with annual patient volume and time of day. Understanding these trends and the associated patient impact can inform intelligent strategies at regional and national levels for optimizing patient care within real-world financial and operational constraints.
An interdisciplinary approach to inhospital stroke improves stroke detection and treatment time
Authors: Manners Jody , Khandker Namir , Barron Adam , Aziz Yasmin , Desai Shashvat M , Morrow Benjamin , Delfyett William T , Martin-Gill Christian , Shutter Lori , Jovin Tudor G , Jadhav Ashutosh P 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundInhospital stroke (IHS) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, likely related to multiple factors, including delayed time to recognition, associated comorbidities, and initial care from non-stroke trained providers. We hypothesized that guided revision of a formalized ‘stroke code’ system can improve diagnosis and time to thrombolysis and thrombectomy.MethodsIHS activations occurring at a comprehensive stroke center between 2013 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed to guide revisions of an established stroke code protocol to improve provider communication and time to imaging, reduce stroke mimic rate, and improve the use of parallel processing. After protocol implementation, we prospectively collected data between 2016 and 2017 for comparison with the pre-implementation group, including diagnostic accuracy and relevant time points (code call to examination, examination to imaging, and imaging to intervention). We report descriptive statistics for comparison of patient characteristics and time metrics (time to imaging and reperfusion after IHS activation). Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of stroke mimics and time metrics.ResultsThere were 136 cases in the pre-implementation group and 69 in the post-implementation group. A reduction in stroke mimics (52% vs 33%, P=0.01) occurred after protocol initiation. Mean time to imaging after stroke code call was 7.6 min shorter (P=0.026) and mean time from imaging to acute reperfusion therapy was 45.7 vs 19.8 min (P=0.05) in the pre- versus the post-implementation group.ConclusionRevision of an existing IHS protocol was associated with a lower rate of stroke mimics, and a shorter time to intravenous and intra-arterial intervention.
Maturing institutional experience with the transradial approach for diagnostic cerebral arteriography: overcoming the learning curve
Authors: Zussman Benjamin M , Tonetti Daniel A , Stone Jeremy , Brown Merritt , Desai Shashvat M , Gross Bradley A , Jadhav Ashutosh , Jovin Tudor G , Jankowitz Brian Thomas 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDespite growing interest in the transradial approach for neurovascular procedures, prospective data about the learning curve for neurointerventionalists adopting this approach are limited.MethodsA subsequent prospective series of 50 consecutive right transradial diagnostic cerebral arteriograms was compared with our initial institutional experience using a procedural staging system. The primary outcome was the ability to achieve the predefined procedural goals using the radial approach. Secondary outcomes included the technical ability to access and inject each supraaortic artery of interest and the incidence of complications.ResultsThe primary outcome was achieved in 49 patients (98%) compared with 88% in the initial series (p=0.05). One stage 2 failure (2%) occurred. Crossover to the transfemoral approach occurred in one patient (2%) compared with 8% in the initial series (p=0.16). All supraaortic arteries of interest were accessed and injected with success rates between 93% and 100%. There were no major complications and two minor complications.ConclusionNeurointerventionalists can overcome the right transradial learning curve and achieve high success rates and low crossover rates after performing 30–50 cases.
Overexpression of TaBADH increases salt tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Yinglu , Liu Xin , Fu Lianshuang , Qin Peng , Li Tong , Ma Xianfa , Wang Xiaonan 
Published: April 2019

Soil salinization is an important threat to wheat growth and production. Previous transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of the betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene differed significantly between cultivars with strong or weak salinity tolerance. Herein, the BADH gene from the wheat cultivar Dongnongdongmai 1 was cloned and transformed into wild-type Arabidopsis to identify its function in salt tolerance. Root length was calculated at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol L−1 NaCl for 7 d. The relative electrolytic leakage (REL), GB content, and BADH activity were measured at 150 mmol L−1 NaCl for 1 and 3 d. It was determined that BADH activity and the GB content of TaBADH-overexpressed transgenic (TaBADHOE) lines were significantly higher than in wild-type lines. Salt stress analysis showed that the root length of TaBADHOE lines 4, 18, and 19 were 0.44, 0.54, and 0.35 cm, respectively, which were significantly longer than the 0.24 cm roots of the wild-type line in the media containing 150 mmol L−1 NaCl for 7 d. In addition, the RELs of transgenic lines 4, 18, and 19 were 0.37, 0.33, and 0.42, respectively, which is significantly lower than the 0.63 of the wild-type line in media containing 150 mmol L−1 NaCl for 3 d. These results demonstrate that TaBADH significantly increased plant salt tolerance, indicating that genetic transformation of TaBADH may be an effective and sustainable breeding method for increasing salt tolerance in wheat cultivars.
Lung‐Derived SOD3 Attenuates Neurovascular Injury After Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Mai Nguyen , Miller‐Rhodes Kathleen , Prifti Viollandi , Kim Minsoo , O'Reilly Michael A. , Halterman Marc W. 
Published: April 2019

Background
Systemic innate immune priming is a recognized sequela of post‐ischemic neuroinflammation and contributor to delayed neurodegeneration. Given mounting evidence linking acute stroke with reactive lung inflammation, we asked whether enhanced expression of the endogenous antioxidant extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) produced by alveolar type II pneumocytes would protect the lung from transient global cerebral ischemia and the brain from the delayed effects of ischemia‐reperfusion.

Methods and Results
Following 15 minutes of global cerebral ischemia or sham conditions, transgenic SOD3 and wild‐type mice were followed daily for changes in weight, core temperature, and neurological function. Three days after reperfusion, arterial and venous samples were collected for complete blood counts, flow cytometry, and SOD3 protein blotting, and immunohistochemistry was performed on lung and brain tissue to assess tissue injury, blood‐brain barrier permeability, and neutrophil transmigration. Relative to ischemic controls, transgenic SOD3 mice performed better on functional testing and exhibited reduced peripheral neutrophil activation, lung inflammation, and blood‐brain barrier leak. Once released from the lung, SOD3 was predominantly not cell associated and depleted in the venous phase of circulation.

Conclusions
In addition to reducing the local inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia, targeted enrichment of SOD3 within the lung confers distal neuroprotection against ischemia‐reperfusion injury. These data suggest that therapies geared toward enhancing adaptive lung‐neurovascular coupling may improve outcomes following acute stroke and cardiac arrest.
Assessing Change Over Time in Voice Handicap and Voice-Related Perceived Control Using Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Nguyen-Feng Viann N. , Frazier Patricia A. , Stockness Ali , Lunos Scott , Hoedeman Alexis N. , Misono Stephanie 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Voice handicap has generally been measured at a single timepoint. Little is known about its variability from hour to hour or day to day. Voice handicap has been shown to be negatively related to voice-related perceived control in cross-sectional studies, but the within-person variability in voice-related perceived control is also unknown. We aimed to use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to (1) assess the feasibility of EMA to examine daily voice handicap and voice-related perceived control in patients with voice disorders, (2) measure within-person variability in daily voice handicap and perceived control, and (3) characterize temporal associations (eg, correlations over time) between daily voice handicap and perceived control. Methods: Adults with voice problems were recruited from a large public university medical center in the Midwest. They completed baseline measures, followed by twice-daily assessments, including selected items measuring voice handicap and perceived control, and then repeated the baseline measures at the final timepoint. Feasibility was assessed via completion rates. Within-person variability was measured using standard deviations. Temporal associations were characterized using simulation modeling analysis. Results: EMA of voice handicap and perceived control was feasible in this patient population. Momentary voice handicap varied more than perceived control, though both were variable. Multiple patterns of temporal associations between daily voice handicap and perceived control were found. Conclusions: These findings identified important variability in (1) measures of voice handicap and perceived control and (2) their associations over time. Future EMA studies in patients with voice disorders are both feasible and warranted.
Effectiveness of Technologically Enhanced Peer Support in Improving Glycemic Management Among Predominantly African American, Low-Income Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Heisler Michele , Choi Hwajung , Mase Rebecca , Long Judith A. , Reeves Pamela J. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine whether a peer coaching intervention is more effective in improving clinical outcomes in diabetes when enhanced with e-health educational tools than peer coaching alone. Methods The effectiveness of peer coaches who used an individually tailored, interactive, web-based tool (iDecide) was compared with peer coaches with no access to the tool. Two hundred and ninety Veterans Affairs patients with A1C ≥8.0% received a 6-month intervention with an initial session with a fellow patient trained to be a peer coach, followed by weekly phone calls to discuss behavioral goals. Participants were randomized to coaches who used iDecide or coaches who used nontailored educational materials at the initial session. Outcomes were A1C (primary), blood pressure, and diabetes social support (secondary) at 6 and 12 months. Results Two hundred and fifty-five participants (88%) completed 6-month and 237 (82%) 12-month follow-up. Ninety-eight percent were men, and 63% were African American. Participants in both groups improved A1C values (>–0.6%, P < .001) at 6 months and maintained these gains at 12-month follow-up ( >–0.5%, P < .005). Diabetes social support was improved at both 6 and 12 months ( P < .01). There were no changes in blood pressure. Conclusions Clinical gains achieved through a volunteer peer coach program were not increased by the addition of a tailored e-health educational tool.
Veno arterial-extra corporal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of cardiac failure in patients with infective endocarditis
Authors: van den Brink Floris S , van Tooren Rob , Sonker Uday , Klein Patrick , Waanders Frans , Zivelonghi Carlo , Eefting Frank D , Scholten Erik , ten Berg Jurrien M 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Surgery for infective endocarditis imposes great challenges in post-operative circulatory and pulmonary support but the role of veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation in this respect is unclear. Methods: All patients undergoing veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation after infective endocarditis surgery were analysed for age, gender, medical history, microorganisms, clinical outcome, complications and surgical procedure. Results: Between 2012 and 2016, 13 patients received veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation following infective endocarditis surgery. The median age was 62 years (33-73) and 8/13 were male. Previous cardiac surgery was present in nine patients. Surgery for infective endocarditis consisted of a Bentall procedure in 10 patients, 2 of which received concomitant mitral valve surgery and 2 received concomitant coronary artery bypass graft. Valvular surgery alone was performed in three patients. Mortality on veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation was 62% (8/13). Mortality during intensive care unit stay was 77% (10/13). Survival to discharge was 23% (3/13). One patient reached the 1 year survival point. Two patients who survived to discharge have not yet reached the 1 year survival point. Patient-related complications occurred in 54% (7/13) of patients and consisted of haemorrhage at the cannula site in four patients, leg ischaemia in one patient, haemorrhage at another site in one patient and infection of the cannula in one patient. Extra-corporal membrane oxygenation hardware-related complications occurred in one case consisting of clot formation in the oxygenator. Conclusion: Veno-arterial extra-corporal membrane oxygenation in post-cardiotomy patients who were operated on for infective endocarditis is feasible, but outcome is poor.
Safety of gadoterate meglumine in over 1600 children included in the prospective observational SECURE study
Authors: Chang De-Hua , Pracros Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2019

Background To date, few data on the safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in pediatric patients are available. Purpose To assess the safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in routine practice, to detect any case of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) suspicion and to collect efficacy data. Material and Methods The pediatric population of the observational SECURE study comprised 1631 patients scheduled for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadoterate meglumine (dose: 0.1 mmol/kg). Risk factors, MRI types and immediate adverse events (AEs) were systematically recorded. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment were followed up for at least 3 months for detection of any NSF suspicion. Efficacy was assessed by the on-site radiologist in terms of image quality and ability to come to diagnosis. Results The population included 106 children (6.5%) aged <2 years, 815 (50.0%) aged 2 to <12 years and 710 (43.5%) aged 12 to <18 years, with a mean (± SD) age of 10.2 (± 4.9) years. Central nervous system exploration was the most frequent MRI type (80.4%) and main risk factors were any stage of renal insufficiency (9.8%) and allergies (5.2%). Only one AE (vomiting) that was deemed doubtfully related to gadoterate meglumine was observed. No suspicions of NSF were reported. Good to very good image quality was obtained for 98.4% of pediatric patients and diagnosis was established in 99.6% of cases. Conclusion This study confirmed the good safety profile of gadoterate meglumine in routine practice in a large pediatric population. The study is registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/ with the identifier NCT01523873.