bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to make positive changes to re-engage and motivate employees after a company downturn
Authors: Rebull Marta 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
What motivates people to work? When jobs are abundant, salaries are competitive, companies are out-perking themselves and the workforce is fickle – is that really motivation? And, how do you continue to motivate employees in a company that struggles with its mission and is experiencing a significant downturn and disengagement? The purpose of this study is to look at the measures Softonic, one of Spain’s most successful tech companies, had to take to motivate, re-engage and give employees a strong sense of purpose after the company suffered a significant downturn.

Design/methodology/approach
Taking an honest look at the situation and tacking head on. Creating a whole new playbook that relies on: Leadership by Example, Ownership and Empowerment, and Development and Recognition.

Findings
When you create a culture of transparency, break down the barriers and empower your employees to reach beyond their limits; they will re-engage and motivate.

Originality/value
This is a case study detailing how new management re-engaged and motivated the workforce of Softonic after a severe company downturn.
Chronological association between alopecia areata and autoimmune thyroid diseases: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kinoshita‐Ise Misaki , Martinez‐Cabriales Sylvia Aide , Alhusayen Raed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe association between alopecia areata (AA) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) has been suggested; however, the chronological relationship between AA and AITD remains elusive. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess the association between AA and AITD focusing on the prevalence of thyroid antibodies, thyroid diseases and serological thyroid dysfunctions, respectively. Data collection was performed in October 2018 by searching for articles in two electronic databases: Medline and Embase. Case–control, cohort and cross‐sectional studies were included. Meta‐analysis of studies eligible for quantitative synthesis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios of thyroid antibodies; thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) and thyroglobulin antibody (TG‐Ab), diagnosed thyroid diseases and serological thyroid dysfunctions. Four hundred and eighty nine research papers were identified and 17 studies with 262 581 patients and 1 302 655 control subjects were included for quantitative synthesis. AA was significantly associated with both TPO‐Ab and TG‐Ab. In comparison, there was no significant association between AA and diagnosed hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and serological hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, AA is significantly associated with the existence of thyroid antibodies rather than with clinical or laboratory thyroid abnormality. Lack of long‐term follow‐up data is a limitation of the existing published work. Our findings do not support routine screening of thyroid diseases for asymptomatic AA patients but highlight the potential future risk of AITD particularly in severe and refractory AA.
Association of Lower Serum Bilirubin With Loss of Residual Kidney Function in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Tsujikawa Hiroaki , Tanaka Shigeru , Hara Masatoshi , Kawai Yasuhiro , Matsukuma Yuta , Torisu Kumiko , Nakano Toshiaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBilirubin is recognized as an endogenous antioxidant, and low serum bilirubin is reported to be associated with the progression of kidney disease. However, it is unclear whether serum bilirubin levels are associated with the loss of residual kidney function (RKF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study investigated the relationship between serum total bilirubin and loss of RKF. We prospectively followed 94 PD patients who started PD in our hospital between June 2006 and May 2016. Ten patients who had chronic liver disease or cirrhosis were excluded. Patients were divided into three groups based on serum total bilirubin concentration tertiles: tertile 1 (T1) < 0.3, T2 = 0.3, and T3 ≥ 0.4 mg/dL. We estimated the relationship between serum bilirubin and loss of RKF, defined as daily urine volume (<100 mL) within 3 years after starting PD, using a Cox proportional hazards model. During the 3‐year observation period, 22 patients lost RKF. The incidence rate of loss of RKF increased linearly with the decrease in serum total bilirubin levels (P for trend < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, low serum total bilirubin level was shown to be an independent predictor of loss of RKF (hazard ratio [HR] for every 0.1 mg/dL decrease, 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–2.51; HR [95%CI] for T2 and T1 [vs. T3] 2.03 [0.65–7.88] and 3.70 [1.00–15.9]). This study suggests that low serum total bilirubin levels are associated with the loss of RKF in PD patients.
Analysis of Young Shoots of ‘Anji Baicha’ (Camellia sinensis) at Three Developmental Stages Using Nontargeted LC‐MS‐Based Metabolomics
Authors: Zeng Chaozhen , Lin Haiyan , Liu Zhixiang , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: June 2019

Abstract‘Anji Baicha’ (Camellia sinensis) is a low‐temperature‐sensitive tea variety. During the development of young shoots, the leaves of ‘Anji Baicha’ exhibit periodic albinism. The quality of ‘Anji Baicha’ is closely related to the color of the fresh leaves, with whiter leaves affording a higher amino acid content and superior sensory quality after processing. However, the metabolic mechanism of its quality formation is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the metabolomic changes of young shoots of ‘Anji Baicha’ and screened for metabolic markers that may be involved in the periodic albinism. Positive‐ and negative‐mode UPLC‐QTOF‐MS was applied to the metabolomic analysis of young leaves of ‘Anji Baicha’ during three developmental stages (i.e., the pre‐albescent, albescent, and regreening stages). The results revealed significant differences in the metabolic profiles of the young leaves at the three stages. The differential metabolites were mainly related to the pathways of flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and amino acid biosynthesis. The concentrations of several amino acids (primarily l‐theanine, l‐glutamate, N2‐acetyl‐l‐ornithine, l‐aspartic acid, d‐proline, l‐glutamine, l‐leucine, and pyroglutamic acid) and 12‐OPDA were significantly higher in the albescent stage. In contrast, during the albescent stages, the concentrations of several carbohydrates (d‐fructose, β‐d‐galactopyranose, 3‐O‐fucopyranosyl‐2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxyglucopyranose, galactose‐β‐1, 4‐xylose acetyl‐maltose, and 2‐fucosyllactose) were significantly lower. Moreover, catechins (mainly epigallocatechin and catechin derivatives), dimeric catechins (primarily proanthocyanidins), and flavonol and flavonol/flavone glycosides (mainly kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, cyanidin, and delphinidin glycosides) were detected at the highest levels in the regreening or pre‐albescent stages. The obtained results enhance the current understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of periodic albinism and quality development formation in ‘Anji Baicha’.Practical ApplicationThe obtained results not only provide information regarding differential metabolites but also advance the understanding of the mechanism of periodic albinism in ‘Anji Baicha’ at the metabolite level and open up new possibilities for the genetic improvement of tea cultivars.
Identification and expression of the 11β‐steroid hydroxylase from Cochliobolus lunatus in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Felpeto‐Santero Carmen , Galán Beatriz , Luengo José M. , Fernández‐Cañon José M. , del Cerro Carlos , Medrano Francisco J. , García José L. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryHydroxylation of steroids has acquired special relevance for the pharmaceutical industries. Particularly, the 11β‐hydroxylation of steroids is a reaction of biotechnological importance currently carried out at industrial scale by the fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. In this work, we have identified the genes encoding the cytochrome CYP103168 and the reductase CPR64795 of C. lunatus responsible for the 11β‐hydroxylase activity in this fungus, which is the key step for the preparative synthesis of cortisol in industry. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum strain harbouring a plasmid expressing both genes forming a synthetic bacterial operon was able to 11β‐hydroxylate several steroids as substrates. This is a new example to show that the industrial strain C. glutamicum can be used as a suitable chassis to perform steroid biotransformation expressing eukaryotic cytochromes.
Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is HV1 certified, not GRAS
Authors: Kampers Linde F. C. , Volkers Rita J. M. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A. P. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPseudomonas putida is rapidly becoming a workhorse for industrial production due to its metabolic versatility, genetic accessibility and stress‐resistance properties. The P. putida strain KT2440 is often described as Generally Regarded as Safe, or GRAS, indicating the strain is safe to use as food additive. This description is incorrect. P. putida KT2440 is classified by the FDA as HV1 certified, indicating it is safe to use in a P1 or ML1 environment.
Optimizing Coalition Air Warfare: The Emergence and Ethical Dilemmas of Red Card Holder Teams
Authors: Jacobsen Katja Lindskov , Saugmann Rune 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRed card holder (RCH) teams have developed during the last two decades of collaborative air interventions undertaken by NATO or groups of like‐minded states under US leadership. In such coalition contexts, different fighter jets are tasked, from a central US headquarter, to strike (or, in military language, ‘engage’) specific targets that have been developed to achieve the objectives of the mission. Yet, prior to a fighter jet from a specific nation striking a target, the national RCH Team must first approve this. Indeed, when a state contributes a fighter jet, the RCH Team has now become part of the package, together with mechanics and other support personnel. In this article, it is this RCH function that we describe in more detail, drawing on interviews with Danish RCH team members. Our aim is to show that this and other ‘on‐the‐ground’ functions are key to understanding how international law – and, importantly, national interpretations thereof – function in practice and influence the conduct of collaborative warfare.
Feasibility of nodal classification for non‐small cell lung cancer by merging current N categories with the number of involved lymph node stations
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Chenlei , Wang Gebang , Yu Zhanwu , Liu Hongxu 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to assess the prognoses of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the current nodal (N) categories of the tumor, node and metastasis (TNM) classification and the number of involved lymph node stations.MethodsFive hundred and seventy patients with NSCLC underwent surgery from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2009 and were analysed retrospectively. Postoperative overall survival was analysed according to two nodal classifications: the current N0, N1, N2 and N3 categories and those based on the number of involved nodal stations: N0, N1a (single N1), N1b (multiple N1), N2a1 (single N2 without N1), N2a2 (single N2 with N1), N2b1 (multiple N2 without N1) and N2b2 (multiple N2 with N1).ResultsFive‐year survival rates were 76.1%, 53.4% and 26.3% for N0, N1 and N2, respectively (P < 0.001). When survival was analysed by the number of involved nodal stations, the groups with significant differences were maintained; otherwise, they were merged, and new codes were assigned as follows for exploratory analyses: NA (N0), NB (N1a), NC (N1b, N2a (i.e., N2a1 and N2a2) and N2b1) and ND (N2b2). Five‐year survival rates were 76.1%, 60.0%, 39.1%, and 11.4% for NA, NB, NC and ND, respectively, and there were significant differences among them. This N classification was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analyses.ConclusionPending prospective and international validation, it is practical to merge the current N categories with the number of involved lymph node stations when evaluating the postoperative prognosis of NSCLC patients.
Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and pathways for oviduct development and defense in prelaying and laying hens
Authors: Yin Lingqian , Yu Lintian , Zhang Long , Ran Jinshan , Li Jingjing , Yang Chaowu , Jiang Xiaosong , Du Huarui , Hu Xiaofang , Liu Yiping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblemThe oviduct plays an indispensable role in the formation of eggs, especially the magnum and uterus. The identification of oviduct development in different stages will help to target candidate genes and pathways in regulation of albumen and eggshell formation, as well as defense mechanism in oviduct and egg.MethodsTo identify the function differences and the molecular defense mechanism of the oviduct and egg, we performed transcriptome sequencing analysis of the magnum and uterus in 120‐d‐old and 300‐d‐old Lohmann layers, three birds in each group.ResultsWith fold changes (log2 ratio) ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.01, RNA‐Seq revealed 1,040 genes expressed differentially in the magnum and 595 genes in the uterus. By combining GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, it served to show that gene activities of the magnum and uterus in prelaying chickens were more likely to concentrate on growth and development, and after egg‐laying, they were mainly inclined to enhance the substances transmembrane transport and secretion activities. We further characterized 1579 new genes, while only 803 of them were functionally annotated. A complex mixture of proteins related to defense was measured in this study. A subset of avian β‐defensins (AvBDs) and ovodefensins (OvoDs), that is, AvBD12, AvBD11, AvBD10, OvoDA1, OvoDB1, OvoDA2, OvoDA3, and OvoDBβ, was detected to express in the magnum of laying hens at high levels.ConclusionCollectively, the identification and functional analysis of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as specific expression of avian defensins, may contribute to understand the development and defense mechanisms of oviduct and eggs.
Risk assessment for antenatal depression among women who have undergone female genital mutilation or cutting: Are we missing the mark?
Authors: Boghossian Araz S. , Freebody John , Moses Rebecca , Jenkins Gregory 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundAlthough prohibited by specific legislation in Australia, patterns of global migration underscore the importance for local clinicians to recognise and manage potential complications associated with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). The incidence of antenatal depression in Australia is 10% and may be higher among those with a history of FGM/C (RANZCOG 2 statement: Perinatal Anxiety and Depression, 2012). The phenomenon of cultural embedding could represent a protective factor against an increase in mental health problems among these women.AimTo determine whether women who have undergone FGM/C are at greater risk of depression in the antenatal period as defined by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).Materials and MethodsA multicentre retrospective case‐control study was performed. Participants who had delivered at either of two hospitals, had migrated from FGM/C‐prevalent countries and who had undergone FGM/C were assessed and compared with the control group, case‐matched by language and religion.ResultsEighty‐nine cases were included with an equal number of matched controls. No significant difference in the EPDS score was demonstrated when analysed as a continuous variable (P = 0.41) or as a categorical variable with a cut‐off score of 12 (P = 0.12). There was no difference in the number of women who identified as having thoughts of self‐harm between the two groups.ConclusionThere was no identified increase in the risk of antenatal depression among women who have undergone FGM/C from high‐prevalence countries. Consideration must be given to the utility of the EPDS in this population, as well as factors such as cultural embedding.
Reading Nearby: Literary Ethnography in a Postsocialist City
Authors: Rosen Matthew 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe solitary reader, sitting quietly surrounded by her thoughts, is a powerful image. But reading is also a deeply social practice. From learning to read to deciding what to read next, a significant amount of literate activity takes place within specific social relationships. Drawing from ethnographic research I conducted between 2015 and 2018, this essay shows how the act of co‐reading has contributed to the emergence of a new literary community based in Tirana, Albania. The broader intention of the essay is to demonstrate the application of the general approach to literary anthropology I call reading nearby.
A Ghost Map of Kigali
Authors: Bolin Annalisa 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYThis piece stems from the effort to understand how to move about the Rwandan capital, which has its own navigational logic. This attempt to establish a ghost map of the city in order to move through it dovetails with my research into how the visible materiality of the past holds the invisible: meaning, memory, significance. In Rwanda, this history, particularly of violence, lies underneath the everyday, demanding to be encountered both in daily life and in attempts to write the city. The essay circumvents the question of to what extent Rwanda’s past determines its future—an oppositional structure—in favor of an interpretation of the past as always present, whether visible or invisible.
An exploration and proposed taxonomy of leisure–befriending for adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Southby Kris 
Published: June 2019

Accessible summary

Taking part in leisure activities is beneficial, yet many adults with learning disabilities are unable to participate in their preferred activities because of cost, because not having anyone to go with or because they do not feel welcome.

Befriending is where someone volunteers to act as a friend. Befriending may be a way for adults with learning disabilities to participate in leisure activities with someone who is not a paid carer or family.

The author spent time with four people with learning disabilities and their befrienders to find out what things they do together and what they both get from it. Friends and family members were also interviewed.

Participants enjoyed the time they spent together. However, they often did the same activities they would do with paid carers or family and the relationship was sometimes quite professional.

Befriending could be a way for adults with learning disabilities to have new, beneficial experiences, but we need to know more about how relationships work.

AbstractBackgroundLeisure time for adults with learning disabilities is often diversionary and spent doing passive, solitary or family‐orientated activities. Befriending, as a hybrid “natural” support, may help adults with learning disabilities overcome the barriers to participation in nonsegregated leisure.Materials and methodsFour case studies of pairs of “befrienders” and “befriendees” were recruited purposively. Participant observation was carried out with each case, followed by semi‐structured interviews with participants and relevant stakeholders. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsBefriending activities were mostly limited to enjoyable yet “casual” leisure activities that adults with learning disabilities might already participate in with family and paid service providers. Negotiating the befriender role between friend and professional was an ongoing challenge.ConclusionsOutcomes of leisure–befriending relationships for adults with learning disabilities are linked to both the nature of relationships and the types of activities undertaken. There are four proposed ideal types of leisure–befriending relationship, yet repeating familiar “casual” leisure activities means adults with learning disabilities risk missing out on novel leisure and social experiences.
Rational design of peptides with enhanced antimicrobial and anti‐biofilm activities against cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Liang Dongsheng , Li Huanying , Xu Xiaohu , Liang Jingheng , Dai Xingzhu , Zhao Wanghong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStreptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is known to be a leading cariogenic pathogen in the oral cavity. Antimicrobial peptides possess excellent properties to combat such pathogens. In this study, we compared the antimicrobial activity of novel linear reutericin 6‐ and/or gassericin A‐inspired peptides and identified LR‐10 as the leading peptide. Antibacterial assays demonstrate that LR‐10 is more active against S. mutans (3.3 μM) than many peptide‐based agents without resistance selection, capable of killing many oral pathogens, and tolerant of physiological conditions. LR‐10 also presented a faster killing rate than chlorhexidine and erythromycin, and appeared to display selective activity against S. mutans within 10 s. S. mutans is usually encased in plaque biofilms. Biofilm inhibitory assays indicated that LR‐10 had excellent inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation of S. mutans and biofilm‐encased cells in vitro at low concentrations (6.5 μM). Consistent with most peptides, LR‐10 kills S. mutans mainly by disrupting the cell membranes. Notably, both hemolytic activity assays and cytotoxicity tests indicated that LR‐10 could keep biocompatible at the effective concentrations. Hence, LR‐10 could be a good candidate for clinical treatment of dental caries.
Matrix metalloproteinases: Expression, regulation and role in the immunopathology of tuberculosis
Authors: Sabir Naveed , Hussain Tariq , Mangi Mazhar Hussain , Zhao Deming , Zhou Xiangmei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) leads to approximately 1.5 million human deaths every year. In pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), Mtb must drive host tissue destruction to cause pulmonary cavitation and dissemination in the tissues. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases capable of degrading all components of pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM). It is well established that Mtb infection leads to upregulation of MMPs and also causes disturbance in the balance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), thus altering the extracellular matrix deposition. In TB, secretion of MMPs is mainly regulated by NF‐κB, p38 and MAPK signalling pathways. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory roles of MMPs in Mtb pathogenesis. Researchers have proposed a new regimen of improved TB treatment by inhibition of MMP activity to hinder matrix destruction and to minimize the TB‐associated morbidity and mortality. The proposed regimen involves adjunctive use of MMP inhibitors such as doxycycline, marimastat and other related drugs along with front‐line anti‐TB drugs to reduce granuloma formation and bacterial load. These findings implicate the possible addition of economical and well‐tolerated MMP inhibitors to current multidrug regimens as an attractive mean to increase the drug potency. Here, we will summarize the recent advancements regarding expression of MMPs in TB, their immunomodulatory role, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets to control the deadly disease.