bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms for Global Warming Impacts on Madden–Julian Oscillation Precipitation Amplitude
Authors: Bui Hien X. , Maloney Eric D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mechanisms that cause changes in Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) precipitation amplitude under global warming are examined in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Under global warming in representative concentration pathway 8.5, MJO precipitation intensifies in most models relative to current climate while MJO wind circulations increase at a slower rate or weaken. Changes in MJO precipitation intensity are partially controlled by changes in moisture profiles and static stability. The vertical moisture gradient increases in the lower half of the troposphere in response to the surface warming, while the vertical static stability gradient increases due to preferential warming in the upper troposphere. A nondimensional quantity called α has been defined that gives the efficiency of vertical advective moistening associated with diabatic processes in the free troposphere, and has been hypothesized by previous studies to regulate MJO amplitude. The term α is proportional to the vertical moisture gradient and inversely proportional to static stability. Under global warming, the increased vertical moisture gradient makes α larger in models, despite increased static stability. Although α increases in all models, MJO precipitation amplitude decreases in some models, contrary to expectations. It is demonstrated that in these models more top-heavy MJO diabatic heating with warming overwhelms the effect of increased α to make vertical moisture advection less efficient.
Religious Attendance, Religious Importance, and the Pathways to Depressive Symptoms in Men and Women Aged 50 and Over Living in Ireland
Authors: Orr Joanna , Tobin Katy , Carey Daniel , Kenny Rose Anne , McGarrigle Christine 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between religiosity and depressive symptoms longitudinally. Method: We used four waves (2009–2016) of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) to create growth curve models (GCM) of depressive symptoms and religious attendance/importance in a sample aged 50+ in Ireland and structural models to assess the longitudinal associations between religious attendance/importance and depressive symptoms. We tested whether this relationship was mediated by social connectedness. Results: GCM showed that higher religious attendance at baseline was associated with lower baseline depressive symptoms, while higher religious importance was associated with higher baseline depressive symptoms. Social connectedness partially mediated the baseline associations between religious attendance and lower depressive symptoms. There were no associations between religious factors and the development of depressive symptoms over time. Discussion: This study found that the relationship between religion and depressive symptoms is complex, and any protective effect was driven by religious attendance.
Relationship between Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Findings, Tonsil Size, and Polysomnographic Outcomes of Adenotonsillectomy in Children
Authors: Lam Derek J. , Krane Natalie A. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: July 2019

Objective(1) Determine the correlation of awake tonsil scores and preadenotonsillectomy (pre‐AT) sleep endoscopy findings. (2) Assess the relationship between polysomnographic AT outcomes with awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings of tonsil and adenoid obstruction.Study DesignRetrospective case series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsChildren aged 1 to 18 years who underwent sleep endoscopy and AT from January 1, 2013, to August 30, 2016, were included. Pre‐AT sleep endoscopy findings were scored with the Sleep Endoscopy Rating Scale. Awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings were compared with Spearman correlation. Associations between changes in pre‐ and post‐AT polysomnography parameters and (1) awake tonsil scoring and (2) sleep endoscopy scoring were assessed with 1‐way analysis of variance and linear regression.ResultsParticipants included 36 children (mean ± SD age, 6.8 ± 4.3 years; 68% male, 44% obese). Awake tonsil scores and sleep endoscopy ratings were strongly correlated (R = 0.58, P =. 003). Awake tonsil scores were not associated with changes in any polysomnography parameters after AT (all P >. 05), while sleep endoscopy ratings of adenotonsillar obstruction were significantly associated (all P <. 05, R2 = 0.16‐0.35). Patients with minimal adenotonsillar obstruction during sleep endoscopy had less improvement than those with partial or complete obstruction (mean obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index change: −8.2 ± 11.5 vs −15.9 ± 14.3, and −46.8 ± 31.3, respectively; P <. 001).ConclusionsIn children at risk for AT failure, assessment of dynamic collapse with sleep endoscopy may better predict the outcome of AT than awake tonsil size assessment, thus helping to inform surgical expectations.
Risk Factors and Incidence of Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Laryngectomy
Authors: Wang Yiru , Yu Huiqian , Qiao Hui , Li Chan , Chen Kaizheng , Shen Xia 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors and incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingShanghai Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University.Subjects and MethodsA total of 323 patients underwent laryngectomy from April 4, 2018, to December 28, 2018. Perioperative data were collected. The primary outcome was the presence of POD as defined by the Confusion Assessment Method diagnostic algorithm. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with POD.ResultsOf the patients who underwent laryngectomy during the study period, 99.1% were male, with a mean age of 60.0 years. Of these patients, 28 developed POD, with most episodes (88.1%) occurring during the first 3 postoperative days. The type of POD was hyperactive in 7 cases and hypoactive in 21 cases. The mean duration of POD was 1 day. The mean Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 score (a measure of POD severity) was 11.5. For the multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with POD included advanced cancer stage, lower educational level, higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, and intraoperative hypotension lasting at least 30 minutes. Intraoperative dexmedetomidine use was protective against POD.ConclusionThis study identified risk factors associated with POD, providing a target population for quality improvement initiatives. Furthermore, intraoperative dexmedetomidine use can reduce POD.
Predictive Value of First Posttreatment Imaging Using Standardized Reporting in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Hsu Derek , Chokshi Falgun H. , Hudgins Patricia A. , Kundu Suprateek , Beitler Jonathan J. , Patel Mihir R. , Aiken Ashley H. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI‐RADS) is a standardized numerical reporting template for surveillance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our aim was to analyze the accuracy of NI‐RADS on the first posttreatment fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (PET/CECT).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic tertiary hospital.Subject and MethodsPatients with HNSCC with a 12‐week posttreatment PET/CECT interpreted using the NI‐RADS template and 9 months of clinical and radiologic follow‐up starting from treatment completion between June 2014 and July 2016 were included. Treatment failure was defined as positive tumor confirmed by biopsy or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Cox proportional hazards models were performed.ResultsThis study comprised 199 patients followed for a median of 15.5 months after treatment completion (25% quartile, 11.8 months; 75% quartile, 20.2 months). The rates of treatment failure increased with each incremental increase in NI‐RADS category from 1 to 3 (4.3%, 9.1%, and 42.1%, respectively). A Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a strong association between NI‐RADS categories and treatment failure at both primary and neck sites (hazard ratio [HR], 2.60 and 5.22, respectively; P <. 001). In the smaller treatment subgroup analysis, increasing NI‐RADS category at the primary site in surgically treated patients and treatment failure did not achieve statistically significant association (HR, 0.88; P =. 82).ConclusionIncreasing NI‐RADS category at the baseline posttreatment PET/CECT is strongly associated with increased risk of treatment failure in patients with HNSCC.
Altered neural dynamics in occipital cortices serving visual-spatial processing in heavy alcohol users
Authors: Lew Brandon J , Wiesman Alex I , Rezich Michael T , Wilson Tony W 
Published: July 2019

Background: Visual-spatial processing deficits have been previously linked to heavy alcohol use, but the underlying neurological mechanisms are poorly understood. Neuroimaging studies have shown alcohol-related aberrations in occipital cortices that appear to be associated with these neuropsychological deficits in visual-spatial processing, however the neural dynamics underlying this altered processing remains unknown. Methods: Twenty-three adults with high scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption (male: ⩾5, female: ⩾4) were compared to 30 demographically-matched controls with low Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test – Consumption scores (⩽2). All participants completed a visual-spatial processing task while undergoing high-density magnetoencephalography. Time-frequency windows of interest were determined using a data-driven method, and spectrally-specific neural activity was imaged using a beamforming approach. Permutation testing of peak voxel time series was then used to statistically compare across groups. Results: Participants with heavy alcohol use responded slower on the task and their performance was more variable. The magnetoencephalography data indicated strong theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (10–16 Hz), and gamma (62–72 Hz) responses in posterior brain regions across both groups. Following voxel time-series extraction, significant group differences were found in the left and right visual association cortices from about 375–550 ms post-stimulus, such that adults with heavy alcohol use had blunted alpha responses compared to controls. Conclusion: Individuals with heavy alcohol use exhibited aberrant occipital alpha activity during visual-spatial processing. These data are the first to show spectrally-specific differences during visual-spatial processing related to heavy alcohol use, and highlight alcohol’s effect on systems-level neural activity.
Clinical evaluation of anesthesia for high-risk cesarean section at a tertiary medical center: retrospective study for 8 years (2009–2016)
Authors: Kang HW , Kim WY , Jin SJ , Kim YH , Min TJ , Lee YS , Kim JH 
Published: July 2019

Objective The number of high-risk pregnancies is increasing in tertiary medical centers. Therefore, we investigated perioperative outcomes based on risk factors to ascertain proper maternal and neonatal management. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients receiving cesarean sections over an 8-year period. Clinical parameters for anesthesia and the neonatal outcome were compared among high-risk groups after subdivision by the number of clinical risk factors. The groups were as follows: group A (one risk factor), group B (two risk factors), and group C (three or more risk factors). Results Patient age, estimated blood loss (EBL), and volume of transfused red blood cell (RBC) were higher in group B than group A. Birth weight, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, and gestational age were lower while the frequency of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was higher in group B than group A. Group C patients were significantly older than group A or B patients. Birth weight, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and gestational age were significantly lower while frequency of NICU admission was higher in group C than group A and B. Conclusion The number of maternal risk factors was positively associated with adverse outcomes in the neonates.
In Vivo Imaging of Exogenous Progenitor Cells in Tendon Regeneration via Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles
Authors: Kremen Thomas J. , Bez Maxim , Sheyn Dmitriy , Ben-David Shiran , Da Xiaoyu , Tawackoli Wafa , Wagner Shawn , Gazit Dan , Pelled Gadi 
Published: July 2019

Background: Although tendon injuries and repairs are common, treatment of these injuries has limitations. The application of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) is increasingly used to optimize the biological process of tendon repair healing. However, clinically relevant technologies that effectively assess the localization of exogenous MPCs in vivo are lacking. Hypothesis: Exogenous MPCs labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles would allow monitoring of the localization and retention of cells within the site of implantation via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without negatively affecting cell survival or differentiation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Genetically modified C3H10T1/2 MPCs engineered to express luciferase (Luc+) reporter gene were implanted into surgically created Achilles tendon defects of 10 athymic nude rats (Hsd:RH-Foxn1rnu). Of these animals, 5 animals received Luc+ C3H10T1/2 MPCs colabeled with SPIO nanoparticles (+SPIO). These 2 groups of animals then underwent optical imaging with quantification of bioluminescence and MRI at 7, 14, and 28 days after surgery. Statistical analysis was conducted by use of 2-way analysis of variance. At 28 days after surgery, animals were euthanized and the treated limbs underwent histologic analysis. Results: Optical imaging demonstrated that the implanted cells not only survived but also proliferated in vivo, and these cells remained viable for at least 4 weeks after implantation. In addition, SPIO labeling did not appear to affect MPC survival or proliferation, as assessed by quantitative bioluminescence imaging ( P > .05, n = 5). MRI demonstrated that SPIO labeling was an effective method to monitor cell localization, retention, and viability for at least 4 weeks after implantation. Histologic and immunofluorescence analyses of the repaired tendon defect sites demonstrated tenocyte-like labeled cells, suggesting that cell differentiation was not affected by labeling the cells with the SPIO nanoparticles. Conclusion: MRI of exogenous MPCs labeled with SPIO particles allows for effective in vivo assessments of cell localization and retention in the setting of tendon regeneration for at least 4 weeks after implantation. This SPIO labeling does not appear to impair cell survival, transgene expression, or differentiation. Clinical Relevance: SPIO labeling of MPCs appears to be safe for in vivo assessments of MPCs in tendon regeneration therapies and may be used for future clinical investigations of musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.
The body in group analysis
Authors: Hadar Bracha 
Published: July 2019

This article explores the history of the exclusion/inclusion of the body in group analytic theory and practice. At the same time, it aims to promote the subject of the body in the mind of group analysts. The main thesis of the article is that sitting in a circle, face-to-face, is a radical change in the transition Foulkes made from psychoanalysis to group analysis. The implications of this transition have not been explored, and in many cases, have been denied. The article describes the vicissitudes of relating group analysis to the body from the time of Foulkes and Anthony’s work until today. The article claims that working with the body in the group demands that the conductor gives special attention to his/her own bodily sensations and feelings, while at the same time remaining cognizant of the fact that each of the participants is a person with a physical body in which their painful history is stored, and that they may be dissociated because of that embodied history. The thesis of the article is followed by a clinical example. The article ends with the conclusion that being in touch with one’s own body demands a lot of training.
Deep Learning-based Sentiment Analysis: Establishing Customer Dimension as the Lifeblood of Business Management
Authors: Agarwal Sonali 
Published: July 2019

‘First mover advantage does not go to the first company that launches, it goes to the first company that scales’ (Reid Hoffman, co-founder of LinkedIn, ScaleIt, 2016 ). M. Andreesen defines scale-up as a company that has identified its product/market fit and has reached notable proofs of market traction (e.g., profitability, revenues, active users, registered users, market demand). It has been previously established that five interdependent core dimensions can be used to evaluate scale-up: customer, product, team, business model and financials. Most of the business failures result from falling apart of one or more of these dimensions with others. We in our article discuss the ‘customer dimension’ as the essence of scaling up. For running a profitable business, it is crucial to evaluate customers’ reviews, like their perception and expectation from the product and services in terms of service quality, deliverables, staff and management practices and pricing. This will increase customer satisfaction which will further boost the demand and popularity of the brand and business. The customers today are very vocal in sharing their experiences through social media blogs, channels, review sites and so on. These experiences need to be decrypted by the management to understand the customer’s point of view, their apprehensions and expectations. Sentiment analysis is one of the best ways to tap customer feedback. The usual way of analysis involves the bag of words model using ngrams. A more refined version is an ontology-based analysis. Research has also been done using the radial basis function kernel for support vector machines (SVMs) (for recognizing polarity of sentiments). Naïve Bayes algorithms have also been used in some sentiment studies along with linear kernel SVM classifiers. But we realized during the literature review that it is not enough to just classify the text into positive and negative or a few more categories. It is even more important to know which topics are being discussed by the customers, their intention behind the message and further the need to classify them as complaints, suggestions, appreciation or query and so on. Thus, we in our article discuss the solution to all these types of analyses using ‘deep sentiment analysis’. We discuss the case of a few current social topics and introduce ‘recurrent neural networks’ (RNNs) and ‘convolutional neural networks’ (CNNs) for sentiment and intent analysis. These advanced analytical techniques will help in the ‘pivoting’ of businesses by taking desired actions such as improving product quality, improving quality of services and increasing quality checks in areas with maximum negative reviews. This eventually will help start-up ventures in improving customer experience and gradually help in the scaling of ventures.
Coastal flooding and frontline health care services: challenges for flood risk resilience in the English health care system
Authors: Landeg Owen , Whitman Geoff , Walker-Springett Kate , Butler Catherine , Bone Angie , Kovats Sari 
Published: July 2019

Objectives Our objective was to assess the health care system impacts associated with the December 2013 east coast flooding in Boston, Lincolnshire, in order to gain an insight into the capacity of the health care sector to respond to high-impact weather. Methods Semistructured interviews were held with regional strategic decision makers and local service managers within 1 km of the recorded flood outline to ascertain their experiences, views and reflections concerning the event and its associated health impacts and disruption to health care services. A snowballing sampling technique was used to ensure the study had participants across a broad range of expertise. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data analysis was preformed using NVivo (v10) to apply a thematic coding and develop a framework of ideas. Results The results of this case study provide a vital insight into the health care disruption caused by flooding. All sectors of the health care system suffered disruption, which placed a strain on the whole system and reduced the capacity of the sector to respond to the health consequences of flooding and delivering routine health care. The formal recovery phase in Lincolnshire was stood-down on 4th February 2014. The results of this work indicate limitations in preparedness of the health care system for the reasonable worse-case scenario for an east coast surge event. Conclusions The health care sector appears to have limited capacity to respond to weather-related impacts and is therefore unprepared for the risks associated with a future changing climate. Further work is required to ensure that the health care system continues to review and learn from such events to increase climate resilience.
Low-Level Exposure to Arsenic in Drinking Water and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Borron Claire 
Published: July 2019

Background: Exposure to high levels of arsenic in drinking water has been associated with an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer, but the presence of an increased risk at low levels is questionable. Methods: A systematic review and a dose–response meta-analysis were conducted on risk estimates of lung and bladder cancer for exposure to arsenic in drinking water up to 150 µg/L, using a 2-stage approach based on a random-effects model. Results: Five studies of lung cancer were identified; the meta-relative risk (RR) for an increase of 10 µg/L arsenic level was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.99-1.06; P heterogeneity = .05). The meta-analysis of bladder cancer included 8 studies; the meta-RR for an increase of 10 µg/L arsenic level was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07, P heterogeneity = .01). Sensitivity analyses, including a 1-stage meta-regression, confirmed the main findings. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provided evidence of a lack of an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer for exposure to arsenic in drinking water up to 150 µg/L, the highest concentration studied.