bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early arrival at breeding grounds: Causes, costs and a trade‐off with overwintering latitude
Authors: Rotics Shay , Kaatz Michael , Turjeman Sondra , Zurell Damaris , Wikelski Martin , Sapir Nir , Eggers Ute , Fiedler Wolfgang , Jeltsch Florian , Nathan Ran 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarly arrival at breeding grounds is of prime importance for migrating birds as it is known to enhance breeding success. Adults, males and higher quality individuals typically arrive earlier, and across years, early arrival has been linked to warmer spring temperatures. However, the mechanisms and potential costs of early arrival are not well understood.To deepen the understanding of arrival date differences between individuals and years, we studied them in light of the preceding spring migration behaviour and atmospheric conditionsen route.GPSand body acceleration (ACC) data were obtained for 35 adult white storks (Ciconia ciconia) over five years (2012–2016).ACCrecords were translated to energy expenditure estimates (overall dynamic body acceleration;ODBA) and to behavioural modes, andGPSfixes were coupled with environmental parameters.At the interindividual level (within years), early arrival was attributed primarily to departing earlier for migration and from more northern wintering sites (closer to breeding grounds), rather than to migration speed. In fact, early‐departing birds flew slower, experienced weaker thermal uplifts and expended more energy during flight, but still arrived earlier, emphasizing the cost and the significance of early departure. Individuals that wintered further south arrived later at the breeding grounds but did not produce fewer fledglings, presumably due to positive carry‐over effects of advantageous wintering conditions (increased precipitation, vegetation productivity and daylight time). Therefore, early arrival increased breeding success only after controlling for wintering latitude. Males arrived slightly ahead of females. Between years, late arrival was linked to colder temperaturesen routethrough two different mechanisms: stronger headwinds causing slower migration and lower thermal uplifts resulting in longer stopovers.This study showed that distinct migratory properties underlie arrival time variation within and between years. It highlighted (a) an overlooked cost of early arrival induced by unfavourable atmospheric conditions during migration, (b) an important fitness trade‐off in storks between arrival date and wintering habitat quality and (c) mechanistic explanations for the negative temperature–arrival date correlation in soaring birds. Such understanding of arrival time can facilitate forecasting migrating species responses to climate changes.
Review article: Common emergency department presenting complaints of prisoners: A systematic review
Authors: Harel Nadav , Moskovitch Jeremy T , Weiland Tracey J , Augello Michael R 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrisoners are a particularly vulnerable minority group whose healthcare needs and management differ substantially from the general population. The overall burden of disease of prisoners is well documented; however, little is known regarding the aetiology and frequency of prisoners’ acute medical complaints requiring an ED visit. Objectives of the review were to identify, review and appraise existing literature regarding prisoners’ presentations to EDs. We performed systematic electronic searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science using MeSH terms and keywords. Two reviewers abstracted data and conducted quality appraisal using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross‐Sectional Studies. Nine articles met the predefined inclusion criteria. Apart from two European studies in the past 5 years, there is a scarcity of literature primarily addressing the common presenting complaints to EDs by prisoners. Existing studies demonstrated that prisoners have a disproportionately high burden of traumatic, infectious and psychiatric disease requiring emergency treatment. With the increasing number of emergency presentations made by prisoners each year, it is vital that further research is undertaken to identify trends of these acute medical complaints in order to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes for prisoners.
How to predict fine resolution occupancy from coarse occupancy data
Authors: Groom Quentin J. , Marsh Charles J. , Gavish Yoni , Kunin William E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The area of occupancy (AOO) is a widely used index in conservation assessments, notably in criteria B2 of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red‐list. However, IUCN guidelines require assessing AOO at finer resolution than is generally available. For this reason, extrapolation techniques have been proposed to predict finer AOO from coarser resolution data.

Here, we apply 10 published downscaling models to the distributions of a large number of plant and bird species' in contrasting landscapes. We further compare the output of two ensemble models, one relying on all 10 downscaling models and one a subset of five models that can be fit rapidly and robustly, with minimal oversight required. We further compare the accuracy of downscaled predictions with respect to species prevalence.

Across all landscapes and taxa, the models predicted AOO consistently. Some, such as the power law and Hui models, were nonlinear with respect to species prevalence. Some models consistently over or under predicted, such as the Nachman and Poisson models. Furthermore, some models proved to give more variable predictions than other models, e.g. Nachman and power law. For these reasons, none of these models are suitable for downscaling if used individually. The Thomas model was also rejected, because it is too computationally intensive, even though its predictions are relatively unbiased. The most effective model, when used by itself, was the improved binomial model. However, the two ensemble models were able to provide accurate predictions of AOO with low variability compared to using any one single model. There was no significant loss in performance using the simpler ensemble model, and therefore this solution is the least computationally intensive and requires least user oversight.

Our results show that downscaling models could be potential tools to reliably estimate AOO for conservation assessments. Under circumstances where there is no a priori reason to prefer one model over another then an ensemble of these models may be the best solution for batch analysis of IUCN status under criteria B2. Moreover, we foresee the use of downscaling for the production of other biodiversity indicators, such as for invasive species monitoring.
Clinical Usefulness of the Iowa Gambling Task in Severe Alcohol Use Disorders: Link with Relapse and Cognitive‐Physiological Deficits
Authors: Maurage Pierre , Lannoy Séverine , Dormal Valérie , Blanco Marine , Trabut Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDecision‐making impairments have been repeatedly evaluated in severe alcohol use disorders (SAUD) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). The IGT, capitalizing on strong theoretical background and ecological significance, allowed identifying large‐scale deficits in this population and is now a standard decision‐making assessment in therapeutic settings. However, the clinical usefulness of the IGT, particularly regarding its ability to predict relapse and its link with key cognitive‐physiological deficits, remains to be clarified.MethodsThirty‐eight recently detoxified patients with SAUD and 38 matched healthy controls performed the IGT, a neuropsychological task using monetary rewards to assess decision making under uncertainty and under risk. Disease characteristics (e.g., duration and intensity), cognitive abilities, psychopathological comorbidities, and physiological damage were also measured, as well as relapse rates 6 months later.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with SAUD presented a dissociation between preserved decision making under uncertainty and impaired decision making under risk. In the SAUD group, while relapsers (55% of the sample) presented lower global cognitive functioning and stronger liver damage than nonrelapsers at detoxification time, no difference was found between these subgroups for the IGT. IGT results were not related to alcohol‐consumption characteristics or cognitive‐physiological deficits.ConclusionsSAUD is not related to a global IGT deficit, as suggested earlier, but rather to a specific impairment for decision making under risk. This deficit is not associated with other disease‐related variables and has no relapse prediction power. These results question the clinical usefulness of the IGT as a tool identifying key treatment levers and guiding (neuro)psychological rehabilitation.
Ethanol (EtOH)‐Related Behaviors in α‐Synuclein Mutant Mice and Association of SNCA SNPs with Anxiety in EtOH‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Persyn Wolfgang , Houchi Hakim , Papillon Charles‐Antoine , Martinetti Margaret , Antol Johann , Guillaumont Cyrille , Dervaux Alain , Naassila Mickael 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundData have shown a role of α‐synuclein in anxiety and also in addiction, particularly in alcohol use disorders (AUD). Since the comorbidity between AUD and anxiety is very high and because anxiety is an important factor in ethanol (EtOH) relapse, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of α‐synuclein in moderating EtOH intake, the anxiolytic effects of EtOH, and EtOH withdrawal–induced anxiety and convulsions in mice. The study aimed to determine whether SNCA variants moderated anxiety in EtOH‐dependent patients.MethodsWe analyzed the moderator effect of 3 SNCA Tag‐single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tag‐SNPs) rs356200, rs356219, and rs2119787 on the anxiety symptoms in 128 EtOH‐dependent patients. We used the C57BL/6JOlaHsd Snca mutant mice to assess EtOH intake; sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of EtOH in a test battery comprising the open field, the light–dark box, and the elevated plus maze; and both anxiety and convulsions induced by EtOH withdrawal.ResultsOur results demonstrated a reduction in both EtOH intake and preference and also a lack of sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of EtOH in α‐synuclein mutant mice. Results on anxiety‐like behavior were mixed, but mutant mice displayed increased anxiety when exposed to a low anxiogenic environment. Mutant mice also displayed an increase in handling‐induced convulsion scores during withdrawal after EtOH inhalation, but did not differ in terms of EtOH withdrawal–induced anxiety. In humans, we found a significant association of the rs356219 SNP with a high level of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory score >15) and the rs356200 SNP with a positive familial history of AUD.ConclusionsOur translational study highlights a significant role of α‐synuclein in components of AUD.
Antennal asymmetry is not associated with social behaviour in Australian Hymenoptera
Authors: Freelance Christopher B , Majoe Megha , Tierney Simon M , Elgar Mark A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLateralisation of biological form and function are well known for vertebrates and are being increasingly documented among invertebrates in recent years. Behavioural lateralisation in insects, together with asymmetrical distributions of antennal sensilla, has been linked to the communication challenges faced by social, but not solitary, insects. Recent evidence on patterns of asymmetry in insects outside of the Hymenoptera suggests that this explanation for antennal sensilla asymmetry may not be phylogenetically constrained. We explore this possibility by examining the distribution of antennal sensilla in three species of ants (Formicidae), the meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus (Dolichoderinae), the green tree ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Formicinae) and the shield ant Meranoplus sp. (Myrmicinae) in which colony organisation is eusocial, and two species of nomiine bees, Mellitidia tomentifera and Reepenia bituberculata (Halictidae: Nomiinae), where colony organisation is not eusocial. Our results demonstrate that while there are differences in the left–right asymmetry of antennal sensilla basiconica in workers of the formicine ant I. purpureus, there is no consistent sensilla asymmetry across the five species. We find a negative correlation between antennal sensilla density and body size in R. bituberculata, which was not apparent in the other species. Our results contradict the suggestion that asymmetrical distribution of antennal sensilla is associated with the evolution of eusocial behaviour.
A randomised trial of serratus anterior plane block for analgesia after thoracoscopic surgery
Authors: Park M. H. , Kim J. A. , Ahn H. J. , Yang M. K. , Son H. J. , Seong B. G. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe evaluated the effect of pre‐operative serratus anterior plane block on postoperative pain and opioid consumption after thoracoscopic surgery. We randomly allocated 89 participants to block with 30 ml ropivacaine 0.375% (n = 44), or no block without placebo or sham procedure (n = 45). We analysed results from 42 participants in each group. Serratus anterior plane block reduced mean (SD) remifentanil dose during surgery, 0.12 (0.06) mg.h−1 vs. 0.16 (0.06) mg.h−1, p = 0.016, and reduced mean (SD) fentanyl consumption in the first 24 postoperative hours, 3.8 (1.9) μg.kg−1 vs. 5.7 (1.6) μg.kg−1, p = 0.000004. Block also reduced the worst median (IQR [range]) pain scores reported in the first 24 postoperative hours: 6 (5–7 [3–10]) vs. 7 (6–7 [3–10]), p = 0.027. Block decreased dissatisfaction with pain management, categorised as ‘highly unsatisfactory’, ‘unsatisfactory’, ‘neutral’, ‘satisfactory’ or ‘highly satisfactory’: 1/2/21/18/0 vs. 1/14/15/11/1, p = 0.0038. There were no differences in the rates of nausea, vomiting, dizziness or length of hospital stay. Serratus anterior plane block may be used to reduce pain and opioid use after thoracoscopic lung surgery.
General and sex profile of women with partner affected by premature ejaculation: results of a large observational, non‐interventional, cross‐sectional, epidemiological study (IPER‐F)
Authors: Verze P. , Arcaniolo D. , Imbimbo C. , Cai T. , Venturino L. , Spirito L. , Califano G. , La Rocca R. , Mirone V. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundCouple distress is a crucial point in premature ejaculation (PE). PE has been associated with significant bother, interpersonal problems, and dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse for both men and their partners.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of PE on female sexuality in female partners of men affected from PE. Secondary objectives were to assess the impact of PE on female sexual quality of life, to assess the presence of sexual problems of the male partner, and to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of comorbidities.Materials and methodsAdult women aged 18 to 80 years old, sexually active, were randomly sampled from the patient lists of General Practitioners in Italy and were included in this observational, non‐interventional, cross‐sectional epidemiological study. Subjects were asked to fill: a general questionnaire regarding anthropometric data, lifestyle, marital status, education, occupation, economic conditions, general health status, comorbidities, and sexual habits; the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Female (SQoL‐F); the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS‐R‐PE); the Self‐rating Depression Scale (SDS); and Self‐rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). In addition, females reported about their partner's ejaculation time and the presence of sexual dysfunctions.ResultsA total of 3,104 women were included. Mean age was 45.1 years. Woman with PE partners presented a higher percentage of sexual dysfunction and reported more anxiety compared with female partners of men not affected from PE (42.69% vs. 20.56% and 30.95% vs. 15,34%, respectively). In addition, they referred more sexual dysfunction in their partners. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, arthritis, heart diseases, thyroid disease, a history of menopause, or hysterectomy resulted in significantly more prevalence in women with PE partners.Discussion and conclusionsFemale partners of PE patients present an increased prevalence of sexual distress, a reduced quality of sexual life, and an increased anxiety score when compared to women whose partners are not affected from PE.
Vamorolone treatment improves skeletal muscle outcome in a critical illness myopathy rat model
Authors: Akkad Hazem , Cacciani Nicola , Llano‐Diez Monica , Corpeno Kalamgi Rebeca , Tchkonia Tamara , Kirkland James L. , Larsson Lars 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimCritical illness myopathy (CIM) is a consequence of modern critical care, leading to skeletal muscle atrophy/paralysis with negative consequences for mortality/morbidity and health care costs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been proposed to trigger CIM. Here, we compare outcomes of two GCs, the commonly used prednisolone and the newly developed dissociative vamorolone in response to the intensive care unit (ICU) condition for 5 days, ie, sedation, immobilization, and mechanical ventilation.MethodsRats were divided into a 0‐day sham‐operated control group, and three groups exposed to 5 days ICU condition during treatment with prednisolone (PRED) or vamorolone (VAM) or none of these GCs (ICU‐group). Survival, body and muscle weights, cytokine concentrations, regulation of muscle contraction in single fast‐ and slow‐twitch muscle fibres, myofibrillar protein expression and protein degradation pathways were studied.ResultsCritical illness myopathy geno‐ and pheno‐types were confirmed in the ICU group. However, VAM and PRED groups showed reduced atrophy/weakness than the ICU group, and muscle specific differences with more severe negative effects on fast‐twitch muscle fibres in the PRED than the other groups.ConclusionThese results show that vamorolone provides a GC intervention superior to typical GCs in improving CIM outcomes. Further, the findings do not support the notion that moderate‐dose GC treatment represents a factor triggering CIM.
Are radio‐contrast agents commonly used in discography toxic to the intact intervertebral disc tissue cells?
Authors: Karaarslan Numan , Yilmaz Ibrahim , Ozbek Hanefi , Yasar Sirin Duygu , Kaplan Necati , Caliskan Tezcan , Ozdemir Cigdem , Akyuva Yener , Ates Ozkan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the literature, there have been no studies showing clear results on how radio‐contrast pharmaceuticals would affect intact disc tissue cells. In this context, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of iopromide and gadoxetic acid, frequently used in the discography, on intact lumbar disc tissue in pharmaco‐molecular and histopathological level. Primary cell cultures were prepared from the healthy disc tissue of the patients operated in the neurosurgery clinic. Except for the control group, the cultures were incubated with the indicated radio‐contrast agents. Cell viability, toxicity and proliferation indices were tested at specific time intervals. The cell viability was quantitatively analysed. It was also visually rechecked under a fluorescence microscope with acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Simultaneously, cell surface morphology was analysed with an inverted light microscope, while haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining methodology was used in the histopathological evaluations. The obtained data were evaluated statistically. Unlike the literature, iopromide or gadoxetic acid did not have any adverse effects on the cell viability, proliferation and toxicity (P < 0.05). Although this study reveals that radio‐contrast pharmaceuticals used in the discography, often used in neurosurgical practice, can be safely used, it should be remembered that this study was performed in an in vitro environment.
Editorial perspective: Treatment of complex maltreatment – beyond the NICE guideline? Manuals, muddles or modules
Authors: Bentovim Arnon , Vizard Eileen , Gray Jenny 
Published: August 2018

Providing adequate treatment services for maltreated children is a considerable challenge. The recently updated NICE guideline on Child abuse and neglect (NICE guideline [NG276] 2017, London) includes recommendations on intervention for a variety of parenting contexts, and different forms of maltreatment at various stages of identification: ‘Early Help for families showing possible signs of abuse and neglect’, and ‘Therapeutic interventions for children, young people and families, after child abuse and neglect’. The fifteen evidence‐based manualised approaches to be considered for use by practitioners are valuable and backed up by appropriate research on effectiveness. Approaches are selected which could be applied to more than one form of maltreatment. However, the manualised approaches reviewed by NICE have differing theoretical frameworks and attempting to put together an intervention for more complex forms of maltreatment, based solely on these approaches, may result in confusion and muddle. In practice, polyvictimisation or multipart maltreatment is now seen as the rule, rather than the exception. In these cases, whole sibships may be affected, with children of different ages and stages of development presenting with differing needs. As a result, there is a cumulative, negative impact on their health and development. As Macdonald et al. (Health Technology Assessment, 2016, 20, 1) state, ‘Most children experience more than one form of maltreatment, and there is growing recognition of the need to better take into account children's profiles of maltreatment in order to improve policy and practice’ (p. 38). Marchette and Weisz (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2017, 58, 970) draw attention to the paradox that there are many focal treatment manuals in the child mental health field, which have contributed to practice, but which are not used widely in everyday practice, due to a focus on single disorders rather than the reality of comorbid, co‐occurring problems. Few practitioners or service providers have the time or resources to learn a different approach for each disorder or problem type. A solution is the development of modular approaches. Effective practice elements can be ‘distilled’ from the intervention approaches recommended by NICE and from other evidence‐based interventions identified (Bentovim and Elliott, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2014 43, 270). Practice elements can be integrated into a flexible modular approach to intervention which can be tailored to fit the complex profiles of those maltreated children, young people and their families whom practitioners work within their everyday practice.