bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How common are neurocognitive disorders in patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes? Results from a cross-sectional study in a community cohort of patients in North Wales, UK
Authors: Hobson Peter , Lewis Aled , Nair Hari , Wong Stephen , Kumwenda Mick 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD) affects nearly 9% of global populations and is strongly associated with older age. Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), which include mild cognitive impairment and dementia, are rising as a result of ageing populations throughout the world. This investigation’s aim is to report the frequency of mild to major NCD in a clinical cohort of adults with mild to moderate CKD and diabetes.SettingGlan Clwyd District general Hospital, North Wales, UK.ParticipantsWe enrolled 178 patients with CKD and diabetes, aged 55 years and over with an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 >15 mL/min/1.73 m2, attending a specialist renal and diabetic outpatient clinic.Outcome measuresFrequency of mild and major NCD and the association with the stage of CKD was assessed in all patients attending the specialist clinic. The diagnosis of NCD was based on patient and informant interview, case note review, neuropsychological assessment and application of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5.ResultsThis investigation found 86/178 (48%) of the cohort with an NCD ranging from mild (n=49) to major symptoms (n=37). No association was found with NCD and the stage of CKD. Mild and major NCD was associated poorer outcomes in several cognitive domains, including, language, executive, memory, fluency and attention function (p<0.05).ConclusionsThis is the first UK investigation to report that cognitive changes occur in a significant number of older adults with CKD and diabetes. The unexpected finding was that prior to cognitive assessment, not any of the cohort had a pre-existing diagnosis of cognitive impairment, suggesting that the current prevalence and incidence rates of NCD in the general population are possibly significantly underestimated. Our findings also suggest that the cognitive function of patients with CKD should be screened and monitored routinely as part of their overall care management.
Non-standard treatment for uncomplicatedChlamydia trachomatisurogenital infections: a systematic review
Authors: Krahn Jessica , Louette Aaron , Caine Vera , Ha Shalane , Wong Tom , Lau Tim T Y , Singh Ameeta E 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo review the literature for non-standard treatment options for uncomplicatedChlamydia trachomatis(CT) infections in adolescents and adults.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Cochrane Trials & Systematic Review Databases, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, ClinicalTrials.gov and Health Canada Trials Database were searched for studies in English or French from 1 January 2006 to 6 August 2017. Keywords included CT, anti-infective or anti-bacterial agents, therapy/pharmacotherapy/management.Review methodsIncluded were primary research studies. Outcome measures included clinical or microbiological cure, treatment failure and adverse events. We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias V.2.0 tool for randomised and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for non-randomised studies.Funding sourcePublic Health Agency of Canada.ResultsOf the 6899 records identified through the database search, 11 studies were included. One randomised controlled trial reported that delayed release doxycycline was non-inferior to azithromycin. Two studies examined higher doses of azithromycin but reported no additional benefit. One study looked at a 5-day azithromycin treatment regimen and reported a high cure rate. Two studies reported efficacy of sitafloxacin, and a single study supports the use of levofloxacin. Two phase 2 studies reported efficacy of single-dose rifalazil in both men and women. Only one retrospective study was identified that examined treatment in pregnant women and reported that efficacy with single-dose azithromycin exceeded that of amoxicillin and erythromycin. A single study examining the efficacy of a beta-lactam antibiotic was stopped early due to high treatment failures.ConclusionsThe paucity of existing data highlights the need for further adequately powered studies to evaluate rifalazil, delayed release doxycycline, levofloxacin and other agents for the treatment of uncomplicated CT infections.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073096.
Neighbourhoods, networks and pre-exposure prophylaxis awareness: a multilevel analysis of a sample of young black men who have sex with men
Authors: Chen Yen-Tyng , Kolak Marynia , Duncan Dustin T , Schumm Phil , Michaels Stuart , Fujimoto Kayo , Schneider John A 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveYoung black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) in the USA represent a subgroup that has the highest HIV incidence among the overall population. In the USA, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention intervention to prevent HIV acquisition when taken regularly. Neighbourhood and network factors may relate to PrEP awareness, but have not been studied in YBMSM. This study aimed to examine the relationship of neighbourhood and network characteristics with PrEP awareness among YBMSM.MethodsWe used data collected from a sample of 618 YBMSM in Chicago (2013–2014). Home addresses were collected for participants and enumerated network members. Administrative data (eg, 2014 American Community Survey, Chicago Department of Public Health) were used to describe residence characteristics. Network member characteristics were also collected (eg, sexual partners’ sex-drug use, confidant network members who were also MSM). Multilevel analysis was performed to examine the relationships of neighbourhood and network characteristics to PrEP awareness.ResultsHigher neighbourhood-level educational attainment (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.02, p=0.03) and greater primary care density (aOR 1.38, p=0.01) were associated with greater PrEP awareness; greater neighbourhood alcohol outlet density (aOR 0.52, p=0.004) was associated with less PrEP awareness. Sexual network members residing in the same neighbourhood as the participants (aOR 2.58, p=0.03) and discussions around avoiding HIV acquisition with confidants (aOR 2.26, p=0.04) were associated with greater PrEP awareness.ConclusionsThe results suggest that neighbourhood and network characteristics can influence PrEP awareness in YBMSM. Additional studies are needed to understand the influences of neighbourhood (eg, MSM serving venues) and network (eg, peer to peer communication) characteristics on dissemination of PrEP information, uptake and adherence and the related mechanisms behind the associations.
Analysis of 3D Printed Trapezoidal Interfaces by Means of a Novel Cohesive-Based Analytical Approach
Authors: García-Guzmán L. , Távara L. , Reinoso J. , Justo J. , París F. 
Published: December 2018

The advances in manufacturing techniques allow the generation of new geometric conceptions and open a new paradigm in adhesive joints design. Structured interfaces constitute an excellent method to improve the resistance properties of these kinds of joining systems, Additive Layer Manufacturing (ALM or 3D printing) being an appropriate procedure to perform these designs. In this study, double-cantilever beam (DCB) tests with different trapezoidal patterns are investigated in terms of fracture resistance from experimental and analytical points of view in order to analyze the influence of the geometry in the energy release rate of the structure. The main goal of the current investigation is to examine the system response under the variation of the analytical approach parameters (based on a cohesive-zone model (CZM) technique). Particularly, a wider range of mixed-mode fracture conditions can be integrated by means of establishing different penalty stiffnesses in normal and shear directions, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Finally, a correlation between the experimental and analytical results for the proposed trapezoidal interfaces with different aspect ratios [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] identify the amplitude and wavelength of the interface profile, respectively) is shown. A satisfactory agreement between the predicted and the experimental data is achieved, emphasizing that the relation [Formula: see text] has a significant influence on the results obtained and, therefore, a correct characterization of the joint is needed.
Measuring Perceived Service Innovation Typologies in Retail Industry
Authors: Manohar Sridhar , Kapur Geeta 
Published: December 2018

Purpose: The study is undertaken with two objectives, first to develop a scale that can measure service innovation from customer perspective in retail industry, and second to find out how the developed service innovation measurement scale has an effect on predicting customer’s Word-of-Mouth (WOM), followed by testing the mediation effect of corporate reputation between service innovation and WOM.Methodology: The study followed the Integrated Design Approach that included qualitative studies and quantitative studies in exploring and validating the measurement items for service innovation typologies. The codes that represent the typologies of service innovation were elicited through group discussions with selected customers and validated through in-depth interviews with decision maker/managers of retail industry in different parts of South India. The approved codes were validated through two expert opinion surveys and further authenticated through quantitative approaches such as: Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis with two different sets of samples. Finally, the nomological validity of the developed scale was tested on estimating its effect on Corporate Reputation and WOM.Findings: The developed service innovation scale can be adopted by both researchers and managers in measuring service innovation in retail industry. The path analysis results concluded that service innovation has positive impact on corporate reputation and WOM, where the decision makers/managers can note that if service innovations are brought in frequently, it would make the firm reputed in the market and ultimately results in positive WOM from the customers. The mediation analysis result also gives an insight that even if the service innovation is by a non-reputed retailer, it still gets positive WOM.Originality/Value: The study contributes by providing a unique scale to measure service innovation from customer perspective in retail industry, overcoming the existing Goods-Dominant logic. Further, by empirically testing nomological validity, the effect on non-financial performance is estimated to understand how innovation in services would build corporate reputation that ultimately results in customers’ positive WOM which is wanting in literature on service innovation.
Dissociation of muscle and cortical response scaling to balance perturbation acceleration
Authors: Payne Aiden M. , Hajcak Greg , Ting Lena H. 
Published: December 2018

The role of cortical activity in standing balance is unclear. Here we tested whether perturbation-evoked cortical responses share sensory input with simultaneous balance-correcting muscle responses. We hypothesized that the acceleration-dependent somatosensory signals that drive the initial burst of the muscle automatic postural response also drive the simultaneous perturbation-evoked cortical N1 response. We measured in healthy young adults ( n = 16) the initial burst of the muscle automatic postural response (100–200 ms), startle-related muscle responses (100–200 ms), and the perturbation-evoked cortical N1 potential, i.e., a negative peak in cortical EEG activity (100–200 ms) over the supplementary motor area. Forward and backward translational support-surface balance perturbations were applied at four levels of acceleration and were unpredictable in timing, direction, and acceleration. Our results from averaged and single-trial analyses suggest that although cortical and muscle responses are evoked by the same perturbation stimulus, their amplitudes are independently modulated. Although both muscle and cortical responses increase with acceleration, correlations between single-trial muscle and cortical responses were very weak. Furthermore, across subjects, the scaling of muscle responses to acceleration did not correspond to scaling of cortical responses to acceleration. Moreover, we observed a reduction in cortical response amplitude across trials that was related to a reduction in startle-related—but not balance-correcting—muscle activity. Therefore, cortical response attenuation may be related to a reduction in perceived threat rather than motor adaptation or changes in sensory inflow. We conclude that the cortical N1 reflects integrated sensory inputs simultaneously related to brain stem-mediated balance-correcting muscle responses and startle reflexes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reactive balance recovery requires sensory inputs to be transformed into appropriate balance-correcting motor responses via brain stem circuits; these are accompanied by simultaneous and poorly understood cortical responses. We used single-trial analyses to dissociate muscle and cortical response modulation with perturbation acceleration. Although muscle and cortical responses share sensory inputs, they have independent scaling mechanisms. Attenuation of cortical responses with experience reflected attenuation of brain stem-mediated startle responses rather than the amplitude of balance-correcting motor responses.
Altered A-type potassium channel function in the nucleus tractus solitarii in acquired temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Derera Isabel D. , Smith Katalin Cs. , Smith Bret N. 
Published: December 2018

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is among the leading causes of death in people with epilepsy. Individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a high risk for SUDEP because the seizures are often medically intractable. Neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) have been implicated in mouse models of SUDEP and play a critical role in modulating cardiorespiratory and autonomic output. Increased neuronal excitability of inhibitory, GABAergic neurons in the NTS develops during epileptogenesis, and NTS dysfunction has been implicated in mouse models of SUDEP. In this study we used the pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model of TLE (i.e., pilo-SE mice) to investigate the A-type voltage-gated K+ channel as a potential contributor to increased excitability in GABAergic NTS neurons during epileptogenesis. Compared with age-matched control mice, pilo-SE mice displayed an increase in spontaneous action potential frequency and half-width 9–12 wk after treatment. Activity of GABAergic NTS neurons from pilo-SE mice showed less sensitivity to 4-aminopyridine. Correspondingly, reduced A-type K+ current amplitude was detected in these neurons, with no change in activation or inactivation kinetics. No changes were observed in Kv4.1, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, KChIP1, KChIP3, or KChIP4 mRNA expression. These changes contribute to the increased excitability in GABAergic NTS neurons that develops in TLE and may provide insight into potential mechanisms contributing to the increased risk for cardiorespiratory collapse and SUDEP in this model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of death in epilepsy, and dysfunction in central autonomic neurons may play a role. In a mouse model of acquired epilepsy, GABAergic neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarii developed a reduced amplitude of the A-type current, which contributes to the increased excitability seen in these neurons during epileptogenesis. Neuronal excitability changes in inhibitory central vagal circuitry may increase the risk for cardiorespiratory collapse and SUDEP.
Fluoxetine reverses brain radiation and temozolomide-induced anxiety and spatial learning and memory defect in mice
Authors: Gan Huaiyong , Zhang Qiong , Zhu Bo , Wu Shiwu , Chai Damin 
Published: December 2018

Radiation therapy and concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy are commonly used in treatment of brain tumors, but they may also result in behavioral impairments such as anxiety and cognitive deficit. The present study sought to investigate the effect of fluoxetine on the behavioral impairments caused by radiation and temozolomide treatment. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to a single cranial radiation followed by 6-wk cyclic temozolomide administration and were then treated with chronic administration of fluoxetine. Behavioral tests were carried out to determine the anxiety-like behavior and cognition function of these animals. Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus was measured by electrophysiology, and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Mice treated with radiation and temozolomide showed increased anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment, along with LTP impairment and neurogenesis deficit. Chronic fluoxetine administration could reverse the behavioral dysfunction, enhance LTP, and increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mice treated with radiation and temozolomide showed increased anxiety-like behavior and cognitive impairment. Chronic fluoxetine administration could reverse the behavioral dysfunction. The effect of fluoxetine might be via rescuing the neurogenesis deficit caused by radiation and temozolomide treatment.
Theta-gamma cascades and running speed
Authors: Sheremet A. , Kennedy J. P. , Qin Y. , Zhou Y. , Lovett S. D. , Burke S. N. , Maurer A. P. 
Published: December 2018

Oscillations in the hippocampal local field potential at theta and gamma frequencies are prominent during awake behavior and have demonstrated several behavioral correlates. Both oscillations have been observed to increase in amplitude and frequency as a function of running speed. Previous investigations, however, have examined the relationship between speed and each of these oscillation bands separately. Based on energy cascade models where “…perturbations of slow frequencies cause a cascade of energy dissipation at all frequency scales” (Buzsaki G. Rhythms of the Brain, 2006), we hypothesized that cross-frequency interactions between theta and gamma should increase as a function of speed. We examined these relationships across multiple layers of the CA1 subregion, which correspond to synaptic zones receiving different afferents. Across layers, we found a reliable correlation between the power of theta and the power of gamma, indicative of an amplitude-amplitude relationship. Moreover, there was an increase in the coherence between the power of gamma and the phase of theta, demonstrating increased phase-amplitude coupling with speed. Finally, at higher velocities, phase entrainment between theta and gamma increases. These results have important implications and provide new insights regarding how theta and gamma are integrated for neuronal circuit dynamics, with coupling strength determined by the excitatory drive within the hippocampus. Specifically, rather than arguing that different frequencies can be attributed to different psychological processes, we contend that cognitive processes occur across multiple frequency bands simultaneously with organization occurring as a function of the amount of energy iteratively propagated through the brain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Often, the theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus have been believed to be a consequence of two marginally overlapping phenomena. This perspective, however, runs counter to an alternative hypothesis in which a slow-frequency, high-amplitude oscillation provides energy that cascades into higher frequency, lower amplitude oscillations. We found that as running speed increases, all measures of cross-frequency theta-gamma coupling intensify, providing evidence in favor of the energy cascade hypothesis.
Enhanced visual experience rehabilitates the injured brain inXenopustadpoles in an NMDAR-dependent manner
Authors: Gambrill Abigail C. , Faulkner Regina L. , McKeown Caroline R. , Cline Hollis T. 
Published: December 2018

Traumatic brain injuries introduce functional and structural circuit deficits that must be repaired for an organism to regain function. We developed an injury model in which Xenopus laevis tadpoles are given a penetrating stab wound that damages the optic tectal circuit and impairs visuomotor behavior. In tadpoles, as in other systems, injury induces neurogenesis. The newly generated neurons are thought to integrate into the existing circuit; however, whether they integrate via the same mechanisms that govern normal neuronal maturation during development is not understood. Development of the functional visuomotor circuit in Xenopus is driven by sensory activity. We hypothesized that enhanced visual experience would improve recovery from injury by facilitating integration of newly generated neurons into the tectal circuit. We labeled newly generated neurons in the injured tectum by green fluorescent protein expression and examined their circuit integration using electrophysiology and in vivo imaging. Providing animals with brief bouts of enhanced visual experience starting 24 h after injury increased synaptogenesis and circuit integration of new neurons and facilitated behavioral recovery. To investigate mechanisms of neuronal integration and behavioral recovery after injury, we interfered with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function. Ifenprodil, which blocks GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, impaired dendritic arbor elaboration. GluN2B blockade inhibited functional integration of neurons generated in response to injury and prevented behavioral recovery. Furthermore, tectal GluN2B knockdown blocked the beneficial effects of enhanced visual experience on functional plasticity and behavioral recovery. We conclude that visual experience-mediated rehabilitation of the injured tectal circuit occurs by GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor-dependent integration of newly generated neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recovery from brain injury is difficult in most systems. The study of regenerative animal models that are capable of injury repair can provide insight into cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying repair. Using Xenopus tadpoles, we show enhanced sensory experience rehabilitates the injured visual circuit and that this experience-dependent recovery depends on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor function. Understanding the mechanisms of rehabilitation in this system may facilitate recovery in brain regions and systems where repair is currently impossible.