bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoreductive Surgery and Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (HIPEC) by Minimally Invasive Approach, an Initial Experience
Authors: Arjona‐Sanchez A. , Rufian‐Peña S. , Sanchez‐Hidalgo J. M. , Casado‐Adam A. , Cosano‐Alvarez A. , Briceño‐Delgado J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe cytoreductive surgery (CRS) associated with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard treatment in patients with carcinomatosis peritoneal from different origins. The use of a minimally invasive approach for this high complex procedure might be an alternative that provides them less morbidity and faster recovery with similar oncologic outcomes.MethodsWe describe the initial experience of CRS and HIPEC done via the laparoscopic route in patients with minimal peritoneal metastases in our Unit from March 2016 to January 2018.ResultsA total of eight patients were operated by this minimally invasive approach. The different diagnoses were low‐grade pseudomyxoma peritonei (2), benign multicystic mesothelioma (2), primary epithelial ovarian carcinomatosis (2) and locally advanced colon carcinoma T4 (2). The median age was 54 (20–62) years, the median PCI was 3 (2–4), the median operative time was 287 min (240–360), complete cytoreduction CC0 was achieved in all the patients, and no major morbidity was observed. The median length of stay was 4.75 days (4–5). After a median follow‐up of 9.5 months, no relapse has been observed.ConclusionThe results suggest that this minimally invasive approach for CRS and HIPEC is feasible and safe in a highly selected group of patients with peritoneal surface malignancies.
Marriage Markets and Intermarriage: Exchange in First Marriages and Remarriages
Authors: Qian Zhenchao , Lichter Daniel T. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Drawing on data from the American Community Survey, we compare patterns of assortative mating in first marriages, remarriages, and mixed-order marriages. We identify a number of ascribed and achieved characteristics that are viewed as resources available for exchange, both as complements and substitutes. We apply conditional logit models to show how patterns of assortative mating among never-married and previously married persons are subject to local marriage market opportunities and constraints. The results reveal that previously married individuals “cast a wider net”: spousal pairings are more heterogamous among remarriages than among first marriages. Marital heterogamy, however, is reflected in systematic evidence of trade-offs showing that marriage order (i.e., status of being never-married) is a valued trait for exchange. Never-married persons are better positioned than previously married persons to marry more attractive marital partners, variously measured (e.g., highly educated partners). Previously married persons—especially women—are disadvantaged in the marriage market, facing demographic shortages of potential partners to marry. Marriage market constraints take demographic expression in low remarriage rates and in heterogamous patterns of mate selection in which previously married partners often substitute other valued characteristics in marriage with never-married persons.
Fast Response of the Tropics to an Abrupt Loss of Arctic Sea Ice via Ocean Dynamics
Authors: Wang Kun , Deser Clara , Sun Lantao , Tomas Robert A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of ocean dynamics in the transient adjustment of the coupled climate system to an abrupt loss of Arctic sea ice is investigated using experiments with Community Climate System Model version 4 in two configurations: a thermodynamic slab mixed layer ocean and a full‐depth ocean that includes both dynamics and thermodynamics. Ocean dynamics produce a distinct sea surface temperature warming maximum in the eastern equatorial Pacific, accompanied by an equatorward intensification of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Hadley Circulation. These tropical responses are established within 25 years of ice loss and contrast markedly with the quasi‐steady antisymmetric coupled response in the slab‐ocean configuration. A heat budget analysis reveals the importance of anomalous vertical advection tied to a monotonic temperature increase below 200 m for the equatorial sea surface temperature warming maximum in the fully coupled model. Ocean dynamics also rapidly modify the midlatitude atmospheric response to sea ice loss.
Translational attenuation and retinal degeneration in mice with an active integrated stress response
Authors: Starr Christopher R. , Pitale Priyamvada M. , Gorbatyuk Marina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn integrated stress response (ISR), identified in several different animal models of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD), is activated following various cellular stresses. The ISR results in the phosphorylation of eIF2α (p-eIF2α) and a consequent halt in protein synthesis. Although generally protective, persistent elevations in p-eIF2α could lead to cell demise. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether ISR activation is associated with diminished translation rates in mice with IRD. Retinal protein extracts from rd16 mice at different time points were analyzed and the retinal levels of protein synthesis were assessed using the SUnSET method. We found that rd16 mice experience persistent ISR activation: p-eIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP were significantly upregulated at P15 and P20. In agreement with ISR activation, we found that rd16 mice experience translational attenuation at P15. Similar to rd16, other IRD models, T17M RHO, and rd10 also demonstrated a decline in protein synthesis, correlating with p-eIF2α elevation. We then assessed the role of PERK and eIF2α in translational attenuation in rd16 using a PERK inhibitor, GSK2606414. We found that while the treatment significantly reduced p-eIF2α, it did not cause a complete recovery in translation. This suggests that eIF2α is not the only or even the primary point of translational control in IRD, and a second node of translational regulation comprising AKT and mTOR should be evaluated. Surprisingly, we found that AKT-mTOR signaling was diminished in rd16 and rd10 retinas, suggesting a potential link between AKT-mTOR and translational inhibition. Therefore, for the first time, this study shows translation attenuation in IRD models, and highlights the potential roles of eIF2α kinases and AKT-mTOR signaling that could grant valuable insight into the potential treatments for IRD.
Long non-coding RNA Lnc-Tim3 exacerbates CD8 T cell exhaustion via binding to Tim-3 and inducing nuclear translocation of Bat3 in HCC
Authors: Ji Jie , Yin Yin , Ju Huanyu , Xu Xiaoliang , Liu Wei , Fu Qiang , Hu Jiaojiao , Zhang Xudong , Sun Beicheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough one of the first comprehensive examinations of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression was performed in human CD8 T lymphocytes, little is known about their roles in CD8 T cells functions during the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we show that Lnc-Tim3 is upregulated and negatively correlates with IFN-γ and IL-2 production in tumor-infiltrating CD8 T cells of HCC patients. Lnc-Tim3 plays a pivotal role in stimulating CD8 T exhaustion and the survival of the exhausted CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, Lnc-Tim3 specifically binds to Tim-3 and blocks its interaction with Bat3, thus suppressing downstream Lck/ NFAT1/AP-1 signaling, leading to nuclear localization of Bat3, and enhancing p300-dependent p53 and RelA transcriptional activation of anti-apoptosis genes including MDM2 and Bcl-2. In summary, Lnc-Tim3 promotes T cell exhaustion, a phenotype which is correlated with compromised anti-tumor immunity, suggesting that Lnc-Tim3 and its associated signaling pathways may influence the outcome of cancer therapies aimed at modulating the acquired immune system.
C/EBPβ enhances platinum resistance of ovarian cancer cells by reprogramming H3K79 methylation
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Xiao-Xue , Li Meng-Chen , Cao Can-Hui , Wan Dong-Yi , Xi Bi-Xin , Tan Jia-Hong , Wang Ji , Yang Zong-Yuan , Feng Xin-Xia , Ye Fei , Chen Gang , Wu Peng , Xi Ling , Wang Hui , Zhou Jian-Feng , Feng Zuo-Hua , Ma Ding , Gao Qing-Lei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChemoresistance is a major unmet clinical obstacle in ovarian cancer treatment. Epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating the malignant phenotype, and has the potential in developing therapeutically valuable targets that improve the dismal outcome of this disease. Here we show that a series of transcription factors, including C/EBPβ, GCM1, and GATA1, could act as potential modulators of histone methylation in tumor cells. Of note, C/EBPβ, an independent prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer, mediates an important mechanism through which epigenetic enzyme modifies groups of functionally related genes in a context-dependent manner. By recruiting the methyltransferase DOT1L, C/EBPβ can maintain an open chromatin state by H3K79 methylation of multiple drug-resistance genes, thereby augmenting the chemoresistance of tumor cells. Therefore, we propose a new path against cancer epigenetics in which identifying and targeting the key regulators of epigenetics such as C/EBPβ may provide more precise therapeutic options in ovarian cancer.
Porous polycarbene-bearing membrane actuator for ultrasensitive weak-acid detection and real-time chemical reaction monitoring
Authors: Sun Jian-Ke , Zhang Weiyi , Guterman Ryan , Lin Hui-Juan , Yuan Jiayin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSoft actuators with integration of ultrasensitivity and capability of simultaneous interaction with multiple stimuli through an entire event ask for a high level of structure complexity, adaptability, and/or multi-responsiveness, which is a great challenge. Here, we develop a porous polycarbene-bearing membrane actuator built up from ionic complexation between a poly(ionic liquid) and trimesic acid (TA). The actuator features two concurrent structure gradients, i.e., an electrostatic complexation (EC) degree and a density distribution of a carbene-NH3 adduct (CNA) along the membrane cross-section. The membrane actuator performs the highest sensitivity among the state-of-the-art soft proton actuators toward acetic acid at 10−6 mol L−1 (M) level in aqueous media. Through competing actuation of the two gradients, it is capable of monitoring an entire process of proton-involved chemical reactions that comprise multiple stimuli and operational steps. The present achievement constitutes a significant step toward real-life application of soft actuators in chemical sensing and reaction technology.
The RNA-binding protein YBX1 regulates epidermal progenitors at a posttranscriptional level
Authors: Kwon Eunjeong , Todorova Kristina , Wang Jun , Horos Rastislav , Lee Kevin K. , Neel Victor A. , Negri Gian Luca , Sorensen Poul H. , Lee Sam W. , Hentze Matthias W. , Mandinova Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe integrity of stratified epithelia depends on the ability of progenitor cells to maintain a balance between proliferation and differentiation. While much is known about the transcriptional pathways underlying progenitor cells’ behavior in the epidermis, the role of posttranscriptional regulation by mRNA binding proteins—a rate-limiting step in sculpting the proteome—remains poorly understood. Here we report that the RNA binding protein YBX1 (Y-box binding protein-1) is a critical effector of progenitors’ function in the epidermis. YBX1 expression is restricted to the cycling keratinocyte progenitors in vivo and its genetic ablation leads to defects in the architecture of the skin. We further demonstrate that YBX1 negatively controls epidermal progenitor senescence by regulating the translation of a senescence-associated subset of cytokine mRNAs via their 3′ untranslated regions. Our study establishes YBX1 as a posttranscriptional effector required for maintenance of epidermal homeostasis.
On Anderson Localization and Chiral Anomaly in Disordered Time-Reversal Invariant Weyl Semimetals: Nonperturbative and Berry Phase Effects
Authors: Makhfudz Imam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWeyl semimetal, a three-dimensional electronic system with relativistic linear energy dispersion around gapless points carrying nontrivial Berry charge, is predicted to exhibit a wealth of unique response and transport properties. A crucial question is whether those properties are robust against disorder and whether Anderson localization occurs. In this work, the effects of nonperturbative topological (vortex loop) excitations and Berry phase in disordered time-reversal invariant 3d Weyl semimetal are studied. It is shown that the chiral symmetry is restored in the nonlinear sigma model describing the diffusons upon disorder average as any net topological term and its delocalization result do not take effect at sufficiently short length scales. Anderson localization occurs at sufficiently strong disorder and we predict that chirality and related phenomena disappear at such transition. Nevertheless, we uncover a mechanism that originates from Berry phase that impedes such localization effect. We show the occurrence of destructive interference between the vortex loops and between scattering paths due to the the vortex loops’ Berry phase which resists the Anderson localization. We emphasize the applicability of our theory to the candidate Weyl materials where we point out the consistency of our theory with a recent experimental finding of the absent chiral anomaly in a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal.
Development of an optogenetic toolkit for neural circuit dissection in squirrel monkeys
Authors: O’Shea Daniel J. , Kalanithi Paul , Ferenczi Emily A. , Hsueh Brian , Chandrasekaran Chandramouli , Goo Werapong , Diester Ilka , Ramakrishnan Charu , Kaufman Matthew T. , Ryu Stephen I. , Yeom Kristen W. , Deisseroth Karl , Shenoy Krishna V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOptogenetic tools have opened a rich experimental landscape for understanding neural function and disease. Here, we present the first validation of eight optogenetic constructs driven by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and a WGA-Cre based dual injection strategy for projection targeting in a widely-used New World primate model, the common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus. We observed opsin expression around the local injection site and in axonal projections to downstream regions, as well as transduction to thalamic neurons, resembling expression patterns observed in macaques. Optical stimulation drove strong, reliable excitatory responses in local neural populations for two depolarizing opsins in anesthetized monkeys. Finally, we observed continued, healthy opsin expression for at least one year. These data suggest that optogenetic tools can be readily applied in squirrel monkeys, an important first step in enabling precise, targeted manipulation of neural circuits in these highly trainable, cognitively sophisticated animals. In conjunction with similar approaches in macaques and marmosets, optogenetic manipulation of neural circuits in squirrel monkeys will provide functional, comparative insights into neural circuits which subserve dextrous motor control as well as other adaptive behaviors across the primate lineage. Additionally, development of these tools in squirrel monkeys, a well-established model system for several human neurological diseases, can aid in identifying novel treatment strategies.
Being right, but losing money: the role of striatum in joint decision making
Authors: Ruissen M. I. , Overgaauw S. , de Bruijn E. R. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractJoint decision-making entails that you sometimes have to go along with the other’s choice even though you disagree. In this situation, a resulting negative outcome may, however, elicit a feeling of satisfaction and an impulse to say “I told you so”. Using fMRI, we investigated the neural correlates of this complex process comprised of both positive and negative outcomes. During a social visual search task, 19 participants gave their advice to a co-actor who then made the decision resulting in a mutual loss or gain. This design allowed direct comparisons of situations that resulted in the same monetary outcome but that differed with respect to the correctness of the initial advice of the participant. Increased striatal activations were found for gains compared to losses and for correct compared to incorrect advice. Importantly, ROI analyses also showed enhanced striatum activation for monetary losses that were preceded by correct compared to incorrect advices. The current study therefore suggests that reward-related neural mechanisms may be involved when being right even in situations that end in monetary losses.
Impact of surface adhesion and sample heterogeneity on the multiscale mechanical characterisation of soft biomaterials
Authors: Megone W. , Roohpour N. , Gautrot J. E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mechanical properties of soft materials used in the biomedical field play an important role on their performance. In the field of tissue engineering, it is known that cells sense the mechanical properties of their environment, however some materials, such as Sylard 184 PDMS (poly(dimethylsiloxane)), have failed to elicit such response. It was proposed that differences in the mechanical properties of such soft materials, at different scales, could account for these discrepancies. Indeed, the variation in the elastic moduli obtained for soft materials characterised at different scales can span several orders of magnitude. This called for a side-by-side comparison of the mechanical behaviour of soft materials at different scales. Here we use indentation, rheology and atomic force microscopy nanoidentation (using different tip geometries) to characterise the mechanical properties of PDMS, poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels at different length scales. Our results highlight the importance of surface adhesion and the resulting changes in contact area, and sample microstructural heterogeneity, in particular for the mechanical characterisation of ultra-soft substrates at the nano- to micro-scale.
Additive and interactive effects of spatial attention and expectation on perceptual decisions
Authors: Zuanazzi Arianna , Noppeney Uta 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpatial attention and expectation are two critical top-down mechanisms controlling perceptual inference. Based on previous research it remains unclear whether their influence on perceptual decisions is additive or interactive. We developed a novel multisensory approach that orthogonally manipulated spatial attention (i.e. task-relevance) and expectation (i.e. signal probability) selectively in audition and evaluated their effects on observers’ responses in vision. Critically, while experiment 1 manipulated expectation directly via the probability of task-relevant auditory targets across hemifields, experiment 2 manipulated it indirectly via task-irrelevant auditory non-targets. Surprisingly, our results demonstrate that spatial attention and signal probability influence perceptual decisions either additively or interactively. These seemingly contradictory results can be explained parsimoniously by a model that combines spatial attention, general and spatially selective response probabilities as predictors with no direct influence of signal probability. Our model provides a novel perspective on how spatial attention and expectation facilitate effective interactions with the environment.
Ocular higher-order aberrations and axial eye growth in young Hong Kong children
Authors: Lau Jason K. , Vincent Stephen J. , Collins Michael J. , Cheung Sin-Wan , Cho Pauline 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis retrospective longitudinal analysis aimed to investigate the association between ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and axial eye growth in Hong Kong children. Measures of axial length and ocular HOAs under cycloplegia were obtained annually over a two-year period from 137 subjects aged 8.8 ± 1.4 years with mean spherical equivalent refraction of −2.04 ± 2.38 D. A significant negative association was observed between the RMS of total HOAs and axial eye growth (P = 0.03), after adjusting for other significant predictors of axial length including age, sex and refractive error. Similar negative associations with axial elongation were found for the RMS of spherical aberrations ($${{\rm{Z}}}_{4}^{0}$$

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and $${{\rm{Z}}}_{6}^{0}$$

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combined) (P = 0.037). Another linear mixed model also showed that greater levels of vertical trefoil $$({{\rm{Z}}}_{3}^{-3})$$
(

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, primary spherical aberration $$({{\rm{Z}}}_{4}^{0})$$
(

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and negative oblique trefoil $$({{\rm{Z}}}_{3}^{3})$$
(

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were associated with slower axial elongation and longer axial length (all P < 0.05). These findings support the potential role of HOAs, image quality and a vision-dependent mechanism in childhood eye growth.
Mercury transport and human exposure from global marine fisheries
Authors: Lavoie Raphael A. , Bouffard Ariane , Maranger Roxane , Amyot Marc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman activities have increased the global circulation of mercury, a potent neurotoxin. Mercury can be converted into methylmercury, which biomagnifies along aquatic food chains and leads to high exposure in fish-eating populations. Here we quantify temporal trends in the ocean-to-land transport of total mercury and methylmercury from fisheries and we estimate potential human mercury intake through fish consumption in 175 countries. Mercury export from the ocean increased over time as a function of fishing pressure, especially on upper-trophic-level organisms. In 2014, over 13 metric tonnes of mercury were exported from the ocean. Asian countries were important contributors of mercury export in the last decades and the western Pacific Ocean was identified as the main source. Estimates of per capita mercury exposure through fish consumption showed that populations in 38% of the 175 countries assessed, mainly insular and developing nations, were exposed to doses of methylmercury above governmental thresholds. Our study shows temporal trends and spatial patterns of Hg transport by fisheries. Given the high mercury intake through seafood consumption observed in several understudied yet vulnerable coastal communities, we recommend a comprehensive assessment of the health exposure risk of those populations.
Resting-state fMRI study of brain activation using low-intensity repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in rats
Authors: Seewoo Bhedita J. , Feindel Kirk W. , Etherington Sarah J. , Rodger Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique used to treat many neuropsychiatric conditions. However, the mechanisms underlying its mode of action are still unclear. This is the first rodent study using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to examine low-intensity (LI) rTMS effects, in an effort to provide a direct means of comparison between rodent and human studies. Using anaesthetised Sprague-Dawley rats, rs-fMRI data were acquired before and after control or LI-rTMS at 1 Hz, 10 Hz, continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) or biomimetic high-frequency stimulation (BHFS). Independent component analysis revealed LI-rTMS-induced changes in the resting-state networks (RSN): (i) in the somatosensory cortex, the synchrony of resting activity decreased ipsilaterally following 10 Hz and bilaterally following 1 Hz stimulation and BHFS, and increased ipsilaterally following cTBS; (ii) the motor cortex showed bilateral changes following 1 Hz and 10 Hz stimulation, a contralateral decrease in synchrony following BHFS, and an ipsilateral increase following cTBS; and (iii) hippocampal synchrony decreased ipsilaterally following 10 Hz, and bilaterally following 1 Hz stimulation and BHFS. The present findings demonstrate that LI-rTMS modulates functional links within the rat RSN with frequency-specific outcomes, and the observed changes are similar to those described in humans following rTMS.