bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties of bimodal polyethylenes produced with silica nanoparticle supported catalysts
Authors: Liu Hao , Troisi Enrico M. , Goossens Johannes G. P. , Severn John R. , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe rheological properties of bimodal ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) are investigated with an emphasis on the influence of the catalyst support. Bimodal UHMWPEs were produced in a single reactor with double support (DS) and single support (SS) catalyst systems. Dynamic measurements showed that the SS samples have a higher storage modulus at low frequencies than the DS samples with the same weight average molecular weight. After extrusion, the storage modulus of the bimodal DS samples increased to an identical value. The results indicate that the SS sample has a higher homogeneity than the DS sample. The steady‐shear viscosities were measured to determine zero shear viscosities (η0) of the bimodal samples. The results show that the SS samples follow the relation η0 = KMwα with α = 3.19. However, the DS samples exhibit a substantial deviation from this relation especially in the intermediate Mw range around 1000 kg mol−1. The reason for the deviation is attributed to the heterogeneity in DS samples. The results demonstrate that the DS systems do not produce bimodal PEs with an intimate degree of mixing of short and long polymer chains even if silica nanoparticles are used as the support. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47577.
Efficient predictive vibration control of a building‐like structure
Authors: Enríquez‐Zárate Josue , Valencia‐Palomo Guillermo , López‐Estrada Francisco‐Ronay , Silva‐Navarro Gerardo , Hoyo‐Montaño José Antonio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a model predictive controller (MPC) based on Laguerre functions for vibration control. The controller is tested in a building‐like structure consisting on a three‐story building with a passive vibration absorber. The structure is connected to an electromagnetic shaker, which excites the support of the superstructure, providing forces with a wide range of excitation frequencies, including some resonance frequencies of the structure. The overall controller is a hybrid vibration absorber conformed of (i) an active absorber, that is a predictive vibration control scheme, synthesised to actively attenuate the vibratory system response via (ii) a passive absorber, known as a tuned mass damper (TMD), located over the third story building to reduce the vibrations caused by harmonic forces acting on the base of the structure. The proposed predictive control strategy proves to be effective and efficient, improving system's performance with guaranteed stability and feasibility. Experimental and numerical results are included to illustrate the overall system performance.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: Practice patterns, dose selection and factors impacting survival
Authors: Robbins Jared R. , Schmid Ryan K. , Hammad Abdulrahman Y. , Gamblin Thomas Clark , Erickson Beth A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an emerging option for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without consensus regarding optimal dose schemas. This analysis identifies practice patterns and factors that influence dose selection and overall survival, with particular emphasis on dose and tumor size.Materials/MethodsQuery of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) identified patients with unresectable, nonmetastatic HCC who received SBRT from 2004 to 2013. Biological Effective Dose (BED) was calculated for each patient in order to uniformly analyze different fractionation regimens.ResultsA total of 456 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median BED was 100 Gy (22.5‐208.0), which corresponded to the most common dose fractionation (50 Gy in five fractions). Various factors influenced dose selection including tumor size (P < 0.001), tumor stage (P = 0.002), and facility case volume (<0.001). On multivariate analysis, low BED (<75 Gy, HR 2.537, P < 0.001; 75‐100 Gy, HR 1.986, P = 0.007), increasing tumor size (HR 1.067, P = 0.032), elevated AFP (HR 1.585, P = 0.019), stage 3 (HR 1.962, P < 0.001), low‐volume facilities (1‐5 cases HR 1.687, P = 0.006), and a longer time interval from diagnosis to SBRT (>2 to ≤4 months, HR 1.456, P = 0.048; >4 months, HR 2.192, P < 0.001) were associated with worse survival.ConclusionSBRT use is increasing for HCC, and multiple regimens are clinically employed. Although high BED was associated with improved outcomes, multiple factors contributed to the dose selection with favorable patients receiving higher doses. Continued efforts to enhance radiation planning and delivery may help improve utilization, safety, and efficacy.
Disruption of erythroid nuclear opening and histone release in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Zhao Baobing , Liu Hui , Mei Yang , Liu Yijie , Han Xu , Yang Jing , Wickrema Amittha , Ji Peng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMammalian terminal erythropoiesis involves several characteristic phenomena including chromatin condensation and enucleation. One of the newly identified features of terminal erythropoiesis in mouse is a dynamic nuclear opening and histone release process, which is required for chromatin condensation. However, it is unclear whether the same feature is present in human. Here, we use an in vitro human CD34‐positive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell culture system and reveal that nuclear openings and histone release are also identified during human terminal erythropoiesis. In contrast to mouse in which each erythroblast contains a single opening, multiple nuclear openings are present in human erythroblast, particularly during the late‐stage differentiation. The nuclear opening and histone release process is mediated by caspase‐3. Inhibition of caspase‐3 blocks nuclear opening, histone release, chromatin condensation, and terminal differentiation. We confirm the finding of histone cytosolic release in paraffin‐embedded human bone marrow in vivo. Importantly, we find that patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) exhibit significant defects in histone release in the dysplastic erythroblasts. Our results reveal developmentally conserved nuclear envelop and histone dynamic changes in human terminal erythropoiesis and indicate that disruption of the histone release process plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of dyserythropoiesis in MDS.
Recording client sessions during psychotherapy training: From “an absurd idea” to “potent learning”
Authors: McMahon Aisling , Ledden Kathryn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAudio‐ or video‐recording of client sessions is often used in psychotherapy training to develop practitioner skills and improve client services. However, opinion on the value and ethics of this practice is divided, with limited empirical research and no published research in an Irish context. This study aimed to add to the literature, asking two main questions: To what extent are client sessions recorded during psychotherapy training in the Republic of Ireland, and what are Irish psychotherapists’ experiences and attitudes regarding this practice?MethodologyAn online survey was distributed to members of the Irish Association of Humanistic and Integrative Psychotherapy (IAHIP) who subscribe to IAHIP web adverts (30% response rate; N = 120). Data were analysed using SPSS and thematic analysis.FindingsJust under half these Irish psychotherapists reported recording client sessions during training; this practice being significantly less common amongst recent graduates. While a small majority agreed with recording during training, a sizeable one‐third disagreed, with others uncertain. Those with regular experience of recording were most supportive of the practice. Positive themes regarding recording were as follows: “strongly enables learning,” “captures reality,” “invaluable opportunity for trainees to have a witness,” and “accountability and protection for clients,” while negative themes were as follows: “an anxious, inhibiting experience,” “distorts/misses reality,” “trainees’ needs impinging on the therapeutic relationship” and “a breach of confidentiality.”ConclusionIrish psychotherapists have strong yet mixed views about recording, reflecting the power of this practice and its ethical complexity. A recommended training protocol for recording client sessions is offered.
Anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI induces human neutrophils to generate NETs by relying on ROS
Authors: You Yanqiu , Liu Yanhong , Li Fujun , Mu Fengyun , Zha Caijun 
Published: January 2019

Neutrophils participate in the regulation of pathogens by phagocytosis as well as by generating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Antiphospholipid antibodies, particularly those targeting beta‐2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), stimulate monocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells with prothrombotic participation. This study aimed to explore NET generation in response to anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI. A series of experiments involving the separation of primary human leukocytes, NETosis quantification using propidium iodide, exploration of NETosis by fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, examination of free Zn2+ using FluoZin‐3, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) examination with dihydrorhodamine 123 were performed in this study. We found that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI triggered NETosis, resembling phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐induced NETosis in magnitude and morphology. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex in isolation stimulated NETs without relying on p38, protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) 1/2, and zinc signals. NET generation was unaffected by the NADPH oxidase suppressor DP1. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulated ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which may participate in NET generation triggered via the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex. In summary, our results indicate that the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex reinforced NET generation by relying on ROS.The significance of the paper in the context of current knowledgeNeutrophils as one of the first lines of defence and essential in the response to pathogen invasion. They eradicate bacteria via phagocytosis or by releasing antimicrobial proteins in degranulation. In this study, we explored the capability of anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI to stimulate NETosis, demonstrating that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI is a promising method for triggering NET. Anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI induced ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which contributes to NETosis independently of ERK1/2, Zn2+, or AKT. Our results showed that anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI triggered NETosis, resembling PMA‐induced NETosis in magnitude as well as morphology. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex in isolation stimulated NETs without relying on p38, AKT, ERK1/2, or zinc signals. The anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex stimulated ROS generation without relying on NADPH oxidase, which may participate in NET generation triggered via the anti‐β2GPI/β2GPI complex.
In‐Situ Configuration Studies on Segmented DNA Origami Nanotubes
Authors: Zhu Bowen , Guo Jingyang , Zhang Lixia , Pan Muchen , Jing Xinxin , Wang Lihua , Liu Xiaoguo , Zuo Xiaolei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOne‐dimensional nanotubes are of considerable interest in materials and biochemical sciences. A particular desire is to create DNA nanotubes with user‐defined structural features and biological relevance, which will facilitate the application of these nanotubes in the controlled release of drugs, templating of other materials into linear arrays and the construction of artificial membrane channels. However, little is known about the structures of assembled DNA nanotubes in solution. Here we report an in situ exploration of segmented DNA nanotubes, composed of multiple units with set length distributions, by using synchrotron small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Through joint experimental and theoretical studies, we show that the SAXS data are highly informative in the context of heterogeneous mixtures of DNA nanotubes. The structural parameters obtained by SAXS are in good agreement with those determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In particular, the SAXS data revealed important structural information on these DNA nanotubes, such as the in‐solution diameters (≈25 nm), which could be obtained only with difficulty by use of other methods. Our results establish SAXS as a reliable structural analysis method for long DNA nanotubes and could assist in the rational design of these structures.
Ionic Assembly, Anion–π, Magnetic, and Electronic Attributes of Ambient Stable Naphthalenediimide Radical Ions
Authors: Kumar Sharvan , Malik Vikas , Shukla Jyoti , Kumar Yogendra , Bansal Deepak , Chatterjee Ratnamala , Mukhopadhyay Pritam 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganic spin‐based molecular materials are considered to be attractive for the generation of functional materials with emergent optoelectronic, magnetic, or magneto‐conductive properties. However, the major limitations to the utilization of organic spin‐based systems are their high reactivity, instability, and propensity for dimerization. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and magnetic and electronic studies of three ambient stable radical ions (1 a.+, 1 b.+, and 1 c.+). The radical ions 1 b.+ and 1 c.+ with BPh4− and BF4− counter anions, respectively, were synthesized in excellent yields by means of anion metathesis of 1 a.+ with Br− as its counter anion. Notably, synthesis of 1 a.+ was achieved in an ecofriendly, solvent‐free protocol. The radical ions were characterized by means of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, which revealed the discrete nature of the radical ions and extensive hydrogen‐bonding interactions within the radical ions and with the counter anions. Thus, radical ions can be organized to form infinite supramolecular arrays using weak noncovalent interactions. In addition, the Br−, BF4−, and BPh4− anions formed diverse types of anion–π interactions with the naphthalene and imide rings of the radical ions. The radical ions were characterized by means of X‐band electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in solution and in the solid state. Magnetic studies revealed their paramagnetic nature in the range of 10 to 300 K. The radical ions exhibited high resistivity approaching the gigaohm (GΩ) scale. In addition, the radical ions exhibited panchromism.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of high selectivity mixed molybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of propane
Authors: Alasiri Hassan , Ahmed Shakeel , Rahman Faizur , Al‐Amer Adnan , Majeed Uwais B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMolybdenum and vanadium oxide catalysts with varied compositions (Mo/V = 1/1, 7/3, 8/2, and 9/1) were prepared using a modified citrate‐nitrate auto‐combustion method for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene. These catalysts were characterized by BET‐technique, TPR, XRD, SEM, Raman, and UV spectroscopy. The effects of washing and supercritical CO2 drying on catalysts during the preparation steps were investigated. Results show an interaction between the molybdenum and vanadium metal ions in all of these catalysts due to the presence of a peak at 785 cm−1 from the Raman study, which was assigned to a polymolybdovanadate species V‐O‐Mo vibration. This interaction could be efficient for alkane activation reaction. The catalysts were evaluated in a fixed bed micro‐reactor at temperatures in the range of 350–600 °C and at atmospheric pressure. The activity of the catalyst increased by increasing the molybdenum content. All of the catalysts in this study showed 100 % selectivity for propylene in the temperature range of 350–450 °C; however, the propylene selectivity was found to decrease with an increase in the temperature. The highest yield of 4.8 % with 100 % propylene selectivity was obtained for a catalyst with Mo/V ratio of 9:1 at 500 °C.
Automating the Paris System for urine cytopathology—A hybrid deep‐learning and morphometric approach
Authors: Vaickus Louis J. , Suriawinata Arief A. , Wei Jason W. , Liu Xiaoying 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe Paris System for Urine Cytopathology (the Paris System) has succeeded in making the analysis of liquid‐based urine preparations more reproducible. Any algorithm seeking to automate this system must accurately estimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio and produce a qualitative “atypia score.” The authors propose a hybrid deep‐learning and morphometric model that reliably automates the Paris System.MethodsWhole‐slide images (WSI) of liquid‐based urine cytology specimens were extracted from 51 negative, 60 atypical, 52 suspicious, and 54 positive cases. Morphometric algorithms were applied to decompose images to their component parts; and statistics, including the NC ratio, were tabulated using segmentation algorithms to create organized data structures, dubbed rich information matrices (RIMs). These RIM objects were enhanced using deep‐learning algorithms to include qualitative measures. The augmented RIM objects were then used to reconstruct WSIs with filtering criteria and to generate pancellular statistical information.ResultsThe described system was used to calculate the N:C ratio for all cells, generate object classifications (atypical urothelial cell, squamous cell, crystal, etc), filter the original WSI to remove unwanted objects, rearrange the WSI to an efficient, condensed‐grid format, and generate pancellular statistics containing quantitative/qualitative data for every cell in a WSI. In addition to developing novel techniques for managing WSIs, a system capable of automatically tabulating the Paris System criteria also was generated.ConclusionsA hybrid deep‐learning and morphometric algorithm was developed for the analysis of urine cytology specimens that could reliably automate the Paris System and provide many avenues for increasing the efficiency of digital screening for urine WSIs and other cytology preparations.
A surrogate mechanostatistical microstructural model to inform whole hip cortical bone remodelling
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Das Raj , Fernandez Justin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiscale models of bone remodelling which incorporate clinically important features at a wide range of spatial scales are computationally intractable. In addition, there is a large gap in existing bone remodelling literature which deals with Haversian‐level cortical bone remodelling behaviour and its effect on whole organ bone strength. In this study, we present an integration between continuum mechanics and surrogate modelling as an efficient circumvention to the problem of intractability, linked with an intricate 3D cortical bone remodelling algorithm which captures realistic microanatomical features at the Haversian level. The surrogate model predicted clear differentiation in long‐term bone strength changes in clinically significant cases with extremely high computational efficiency.
Can acetaminophen/dimethyl sulfoxide formulation prevent accidental and intentional acetaminophen hepatotoxicity?
Authors: Algfeley Saleh G. , Al‐Rejaie Salim S. , Nagi Mahmoud N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) causes liver injury in experimental animals and humans. The activation step (formation of reactive metabolite, N‐acetyl‐p‐benzoquinone imine by cytochrome P450 system) and the consequent downstream pathway of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation play an important role in APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Formulation of APAP with an inhibitor of the activation step would be ideal to prevent accidental and intentional APAP toxicity. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common colorless, inexpensive solvent, and considered safe in human. We hypothesized that a less hepatotoxic APAP if co‐formulated with DMSO. To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 mice were given toxic dose of APAP (250 mg kg−1, i.p.) mixed with different doses of DMSO (25, 50, 100, and 200 μl kg−1). Six hours after APAP treatment, blood and lives were collected for analysis. In DMSO treated groups, there was dose‐dependent decrease in markers of liver injury, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Maximum protection was obtained with 200 μl DMSO kg−1. DMSO was shown to inhibit the activation step by decreasing the rate of GSH depletion in vivo and inhibiting cytochrome P450 system in vitro. Also the levels of lipid peroxides, nitrate/nitrite, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, and interleukin 1β were decreased significantly. In conclusion, DMSO exerts its protective action by inhibiting the metabolic activation of APAP and thus alleviating the downstream, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and inflammation via indirect inhibition. Our findings suggest that replacing the current APAP with APAP/DMSO formulation could prevent accidental and intentional APAP toxicity.
Spatial environmental complexity mediates sexual conflict and sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Malek Heather L. , Long Tristan A. F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSexual selection is an important agent of evolutionary change, but the strength and direction of selection often vary over space and time. One potential source of heterogeneity may lie in the opportunity for male–male and/or male–female interactions imposed by the spatial environment. It has been suggested that increased spatial complexity permits sexual selection to act in a complementary fashion with natural selection (hastening the loss of deleterious alleles and/or promoting the spread of beneficial alleles) via two (not mutually exclusive) pathways. In the first scenario, sexual selection potentially acts more strongly on males in complex environments, allowing males of greater genetic “quality” a greater chance of outcompeting rivals, with benefits manifested indirectly in offspring. In the second scenario, increased spatial complexity reduces opportunities for males to antagonistically harm females, allowing females (especially those of greater potential fecundities) to achieve greater reproductive success (direct fitness benefits). Here, using Drosophila melanogaster, we explore the importance of these mechanisms by measuring direct and indirect fitness of females housed in simple vial environments or in vials in which spatial complexity has been increased. We find strong evidence in favor of the female conflict‐mediated pathway as individuals in complex environments remated less frequently and produced more offspring than those housed in a simpler spatial environment, but no difference in the fitness of sons or daughters. We discuss these results in the context of other recent studies and what they mean for our understanding of how sexual selection operates.
Effects of prefermentative cold soak on polyphenols and volatiles of Aglianico, Primitivo and Nero di Troia red wines
Authors: Gambacorta Giuseppe , Trani Antonio , Fasciano Cristina , Paradiso Vito Michele , Faccia Michele 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEffectiveness of prefermentative cold soak (PCS) on polyphenols and volatiles extraction during winemaking of three red grape cultivars grown in southern Italy (Aglianico, Primitivo and Nero di Troia) was investigated. Four 200‐L stainless steel horizontal rotary wine fermenters were used. The main result was that PCS improved the extraction of polyphenols and increased the antioxidant activity of wines. Extraction of proanthocyanidins was enhanced (+25%, +14% and +7% for Aglianico, Primitivo and Nero di Troia, respectively) and, consequently, the ratio flavans reactive with vanillin/proanthocyanidin was reduced, thus potentially favoring the chromatic and tannic stabilization of wines. As regards volatiles, PCS increased ester compounds at levels above their odor thresholds, potentially conferring fruity odor to wines. In conclusion, PCS could be favorably introduced in winemaking to enhance the enological potential of Aglianico, Primitivo and Nero di Troia wines.