bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
fMRI‐Based Brain Responses to Olfactory Stimulation with Two Putatively Orexigenic Functional Food Ingredients at Two Different Concentrations in the Pig Model
Authors: Coquery Nicolas , Menneson Sophie , Meurice Paul , Janvier Régis , Etienne Pierre , Noirot Virginie , Val‐Laillet David 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNatural plant extracts are increasingly used as functional feed ingredients in animal husbandry and food ingredients in human alternative medicine to improve welfare and health. We investigated in 20 growing pigs via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) the brain blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) responses to olfactory stimulation with two sensory functional feed ingredients, A and B, at two different concentrations. Functional ingredient A contained extracts from Citrus sinensis (60% to 80%), and ingredient B contained a mixture of extracts Oreganum vulgarae (40% to 55%) and Cymbopogon flexuosus (20% to 25%). Increased concentration of ingredients induced a higher activation in reward and cognitive areas compared to lower concentrations. Moreover, considering both ingredients at the highest concentration, the ingredient A elicited higher brain responses in brain areas involved in hedonism/pleasantness compared to ingredient B, and more specifically in the caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings shed new light in the scope of emotion regulation through olfactory modulation via sensory functional ingredients, which opens the way to further preclinical studies in animal models and translational research in the context of nutrition, welfare, and health.Practical ApplicationFunctional food/feed ingredients are gaining interest for improving health and welfare in humans and animals. Besides representing an alternative to antibiotics for example, food ingredients and their sensory characteristics might have a positive impact on emotions and consequently on well‐being. Functional brain imaging in large animals such as in the pig model is a promising approach to investigate the central and behavioural effects of food ingredients, and determine the most effective blends and concentrations to modulate internal and emotional states.
Are individual investors liquidity providers around earnings announcements? Evidence from an emerging market
Authors: Chen Zhijuan , Lin William T. , Ma Changfeng , Wang Kent 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe first document that both buying and selling by individual investors before earnings announcements are negatively correlated with post‐event abnormal returns using a unique dataset that allows us to precisely identify individual investor trading. Next, we show that both buying and selling by individual investors before earnings announcements not only are positively associated with contemporaneous returns, but also respond positively to past returns. This is consistent with the idea that individual investors act as liquidity providers (demanders) when they sell (buy) before earnings announcements. Individual investor buying and individual investor selling after earnings announcements confirm this point.
Guanyin's Limbo: Icons as Demi‐Persons and Dividuating Objects
Authors: Palmer David A. , Tse Martin M. H. , Colwell Chip 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTHow do objects and humans relationally constitute one another? In this article, we examine statues of Guanyin, the bodhisattva of compassion, in Hong Kong to illuminate the forms of personhood and agency that arise through human–icon relations in a modern metropolis. We follow the life course of Guanyin statues, investigating their production, circulation, animation, and disposal—teasing out worshippers’ contradictory discourses on whether the deity is present in the statue or in the mind of the worshipper. These ethnographic observations lead us to consider how anthropological debates about the nature of cultural objects asrepresentationsor asagentsparallel Guanyin practices and discourses in Hong Kong. We suggest how the ambivalent status of Guanyin statues is negotiated for practitioners as “demi‐persons” and can be understood for anthropologists through the concept of the “dividuating object.” [material religion, animism, agency, personhood, icon, Hong Kong]
Effect of terminal arrangement of tryptophan on biological activity of symmetric α‐helix‐forming peptides
Authors: Shao Changxuan , Li Weizhong , Lai Zhenheng , Akhtar Muhammad Usman , Dong Na , Shan Anshan , Ma Deying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is traditionally believed that the distribution of tryptophan (Trp) residues is critical for the novo design of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, there is scarce knowledge regarding Trp residues arrangement at the head group level. Thus, a set of α‐helical AMPs containing different Trp residue arrangements at the N‐/C‐terminal of sequence were designed to increase the strategy database and analyze their biological activities. The arrangement of the N‐terminal Trp residue significantly improved the bacteriostatic activity of the peptides, but the C‐terminal Trp residue arrangement reduced the biocompatibility of them. WL and LW were effective against Gram‐negative microbes and had high selectivity for bacteria as compared to human erythrocytes and mammalian cells. They both maintained a relatively desirable activity in the presence of physiological salts and serum. It is observed through electron microscope, flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy that target peptides can penetrate bacterial cell membrane and kill it by damaging cell membrane integrity. Collectively, we determined the structure–activity relationship of Trp residue distributions in a symmetric sequence structure and filled the gap in knowledge related to Trp arrangements at the head group level. The obtained results will be helpful in designing of artificial peptide‐based antimicrobials.
Differential associations of allergic disease genetic variants with developmental profiles of eczema, wheeze and rhinitis
Authors: Clark Hannah , Granell Raquel , Curtin John A. , Belgrave Danielle , Simpson Angela , Murray Clare , Henderson A. John , Custovic Adnan , Paternoster Lavinia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic diseases (eczema, wheeze and rhinitis) in children often present as heterogeneous phenotypes. Understanding genetic associations of specific patterns of symptoms might facilitate understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms.ObjectiveTo examine associations between allergic disease‐related variants identified in a recent genome‐wide association study and latent classes of allergic diseases (LCADs) in two population‐based birth cohorts.MethodsEight previously defined LCADs between birth and 11 years: “No disease,” “Atopic march,” “Persistent eczema and wheeze,” “Persistent eczema with later‐onset rhinitis,” “Persistent wheeze with later‐onset rhinitis,” “Transient wheeze,” “Eczema only” and “Rhinitis only” were used as the study outcome. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate associations between 135 SNPs (and a polygenic risk score, PRS) and LCADs among 6345 individuals from The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Heterogeneity across LCADs was assessed before and after Bonferroni correction. Results were replicated in Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study (MAAS) (n = 896) and pooled in a meta‐analysis.ResultsWe found strong evidence for differential genetic associations across the LCADs; pooled PRS heterogeneity P‐value = 3.3 × 10−14, excluding “no disease” class. The associations between the PRS and LCADs in MAAS were remarkably similar to ALSPAC. Two SNPs (a protein‐truncating variant in FLG and a SNP within an intron of GSDMB) had evidence for differential association (pooled P‐values ≤ 0.006). The FLG locus was differentially associated across LCADs that included eczema, with stronger associations for LCADs with comorbid wheeze and rhinitis. The GSDMB locus in contrast was equally associated across LCADs that included wheeze.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWe have shown complex, but distinct patterns of genetic associations with LCADs, suggesting that heterogeneous mechanisms underlie individual disease trajectories. Establishing the combination of allergic diseases with which each genetic variant is associated may inform therapeutic development and/or predictive modelling.
BRAF mutation analysis by ARMS‐PCR refines thyroid nodule management
Authors: Li Xinyang , Li Enling , Du Jing , Wang Jiadong , Zheng Bing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules leads to nearly 25% indeterminate nodules, while BRAFV600E mutation helps to predicting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the clinical validity and utility of the BRAFV600E mutation detected using preoperative FNA samples in a large cohort were rarely reported.AimTo explore the clinical significance of the BRAFV600E mutation on preoperative diagnosis and decision‐making in a large FNA cohort in China.DesignThis was a prospective study of BRAFV600E mutation analysis using an amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (ARMS‐PCR) in FNA samples.PatientsThe study involved 2640 samples from 2307 patients undergoing FNA procedures in a Chinese medical centre.ResultsA high mutation rate of 86.7% was found in the PTC population. For indeterminate thyroid nodules, the malignant rate of BRAFV600E+ and BRAFV600E− was 87.8% and 39.5% in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) III, and 88.2% and 31.8% in the BSRTC IV, respectively. A cost‐effective diagnostic model combining both BSRTC grading and BRAFV600E mutation status showed the highest sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 85.4%. Central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) was independent of the BRAF mutation status and accounted for 34.2% of the patients with PTC. CT values of BRAFV600E of patients with PTMC were significantly lower in young patients and patients with CLNM.ConclusionsThe combined analysis of cytological results and BRAFV600E mutation is highly recommended in BRAFV600E high‐prevalence regions, including China. Prophylactic central neck dissection should be performed in selected patients without regard to the BRAF mutation status.
Heterogeneous consumers and differentiated food markets: Implications for quality signaling in food supply chains
Authors: Hobbs Jill E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Fellow's address begins by noting several recent consumer food trends and the changing way in which we perceive value‐added. I then focus on the topic of heterogeneity in consumer behavior, reviewing contributions from the literature that enhance our ability as economists to model and measure heterogeneity. Supply chain responses to consumer heterogeneity are examined, including a discussion of information flows within supply chains and the role of certification and verification. I close with a consideration of policy implications flowing from consumer heterogeneity.
Making structured decisions for reintroduced populations in the face of uncertainty
Authors: Panfylova Julia , Ewen John G. , Armstrong Doug P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStructured decision‐making (SDM) has become popular in natural resource management but has been underused in reintroduction programs. We illustrate how conservation managers can use SDM to guide management decisions after initial reintroduction, when data are still limited and uncertainty around vital rates estimates is high. In 2013, the hihi (Notiomystis cincta), an endangered New Zealand forest bird, was reintroduced to Bushy Park (BP), a managed conservation reserve. High post‐release mortality in females led to the population remaining small after 2 years, raising the question of whether more females should be released. We built a model to evaluate three management alternatives, including no further translocation and translocations of 15 additional females (from the only possible source population) in either 2015 or 2016. The fundamental objectives identified were to maximize the number and persistence of female hihi in BP, minimize the impact on the source population, and minimize costs. Our decision analysis incorporated uncertainties in parameter estimation, model selection, and demographic stochasticity. It produced distributions of final scores for each management alternative based on population projections for both the BP population and source population, and objective weights assigned by stakeholders. Although the distributions of final scores overlapped greatly, the “no translocation” alternative was largely stochastically dominant over other management options, that is, it was clearly the best choice in most projections and the choice was ambiguous in the remaining projections. The decision was also unaffected by variation in stakeholder values. Although the underlying modeling was complex, the output provided a simple visualization of outcomes that allowed the recovery group to make an informed decision (no further translocation) that fully considered the uncertainties.
Pregnancy as a transition: First‐time expectant couples′ experience with alcohol consumption
Authors: Gouilhers Solène , Meyer Yvonne , Inglin Sophie , Pfister Boulenaz Stéphanie , Schnegg Céline , Hammer Raphaël 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMost official healthcare guidelines apply the precautionary principle by recommending that pregnant women abstain from any alcohol consumption. However, a number of women continue drinking alcohol while pregnant. The aim of this study was to investigate couples′ experiences of the issue of alcohol consumption during pregnancy as a transitional process.Design and MethodsThirty semi‐directive joint interviews were conducted with couples expecting their first child in Switzerland. Interviews were analysed thematically with the help of ATLAS.ti.ResultsCouples endorsed the imperative of changing drinking habits and all the women reduced their alcohol consumption, although some reported difficulties. First, we identified three themes describing how couples experienced the woman′s change of drinking habits as a smooth transition: Internalisation of risk discourses, abstinence as a social norm and embodiment of alcohol aversion. Second, we emphasised four kinds of difficulties that couples encountered in their everyday lives: burden of risk discourses, conflicting advice, social occasions and desire for alcohol.Discussion and ConclusionsThis paper makes a significant contribution by examining prenatal drinking change as a transition. In this conceptualisation, the change of alcohol consumption is a relational process that is shaped by multiple changes and social norms. Our findings have important implications for practice. First, health professionals should be aware of the difficulties women experience when they abstain from alcohol during pregnancy. Second, our findings suggest the importance of a patient‐centred approach that considers the role of the partner in supporting a pregnant woman′s change of alcohol consumption.
Longitudinal evaluation of myocardial function in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Poon Chuen Y. , Wilson Dirk G. , Joshi Suchita , Fraser Alan G. , Kotecha Sailesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimPreterm births and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) are associated with pulmonary vascular disease and altered myocardial function. We serially assessed up to 1 year of age the effects of RDS on global and regional myocardial function of preterm infants, compared to preterm and term controls using conventional echocardiography parameters, tissue Doppler velocities and deformation analysis.Methods and resultsA total of 120 infants (30 preterm [PT] with RDS, 30 PT controls without RDS, and 60 term controls) underwent conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography within 72 hours of birth, at corrected term age for the preterm infants, at 1 month corrected, and at 1 year corrected age. At birth, compared to preterm and term controls, the PT‐RDS group had decreased right ventricular (RV) long‐axis function, systolic velocity, peak systolic strain, shorter pulmonary arterial acceleration time (PAAT), and lower ratio of PAAT to RV ejection time (PAAT:RVET). Preterm infants had left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction at birth (lower early diastolic myocardial velocity, mitral E velocity, and mitral E:A ratio), and reduced long‐axis systolic velocities and shortening. Differences between groups disappeared by 1 month corrected age, except PAAT:RVET which remained lower in the PT‐RDS group. At 1 year, RV function was normal in PT‐RDS apart from systolic strain rate, and LV function was normal apart from lower stroke volume and shortening, relative to body weight.ConclusionPT‐RDS had lower left and right ventricular systolic and diastolic function at birth which improved over time, suggesting postnatal maturation of cardiac function and resolution of lung disease.
The postembryonic transformation of the shell in emydine box turtles
Authors: Cordero Gerardo A. , Stearns Samantha , Quinteros Kevin , Berns Chelsea M. , Binz Steven M. , Janzen Fredric 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA key trend in the 210‐million‐year‐old history of modern turtles was the evolution of shell kinesis, that is, shell movement during neck and limb retraction. Kinesis is hypothesized to enhance predator defense in small terrestrial and semiaquatic turtles and has evolved multiple times since the early Cretaceous. This complex phenotype is nonfunctional and far from fully differentiated following embryogenesis. Instead, kinesis develops slowly in juveniles, providing a unique opportunity to illustrate the postembryonic origins of an adaptive trait. To this end, we examined ventral shell (plastral) kinesis in emydine box turtles and found that hatchling plastron shape differs from that of akinetic‐shelled relatives, particularly where the hinge that enables kinesis differentiates. We also demonstrated shape changes relative to plastron size in juveniles, coinciding with a shift in the carapace‐plastron structural connection, rearrangement of ectodermal plates, and bone repatterning. Furthermore, because the shell grows larger relative to the head, complete concealment of the head and extremities is only achieved after relative shell proportions increase. Structural alterations that facilitate the box turtle's transformation are probably prepatterned in embryos but require function‐induced changes to differentiate in juveniles. This mode of delayed trait differentiation is essential to phenotypic diversification in turtles and perhaps other tetrapods.
Trade‐off between attraction to aggregation pheromones and repellent effects of spike lavender essential oil and its main constituent linalool in the flour beetle Tribolium confusum
Authors: Kheloul Lynda , Kellouche Abdellah , Bréard Dimitri , Gay Marie , Gadenne Christophe , Anton Sylvia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEssential oils of aromatic plants and their individual volatile components have been tested in pest management strategies for their toxic and often repellent effects on target insects. When evaluating their possible effects on crucial behaviours of the pest insects, the olfactory environment including intraspecific communication cues has to be considered. We used the flour beetle Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a common stored‐product pest, to investigate the influence of oil of spike lavender, Lavandula spica Medik. (Labiaceae), and its main component, linalool, at various doses on olfactory‐guided behaviour. Using four‐way olfactometers, a dose‐dependent repellent effect of L. spica oil and linalool alone was revealed. On the other hand, we confirmed that T. confusum is attracted by conspecifics, by means of an aggregation pheromone and by 10 ng of one of its components, 1‐tetradecene. Twenty‐four hour pre‐exposure to 10 μl of L. spica oil abolished subsequent attraction to 1‐tetradecene and reduced attraction to five conspecifics. Simultaneous exposure to L. spica oil or linalool and five conspecifics reduced the repellent effect of the volatiles in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas simultaneous exposure to 1‐tetradecene at 10 ng abolished the repellent effect of L. spica oil only at a dose of 0.01 mg. These results indicate a dose‐dependent trade‐off between attractive and plant‐derived repellent volatiles, which may influence the effectiveness of such volatiles in their potential use in alternative pest management strategies.
Mexican states' business cycles co‐movement over the period 2000–2014. A panel data model estimation
Authors: Mejía‐Reyes Pablo , Díaz‐Carreño Miguel Ángel , Aroca Patricio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the business cycle co‐movement in Mexican states over the period 2000–2014 by estimating an extended gravitational panel data model. Two different de‐trending filters are used to check the robustness of our results. The estimates suggest that the co‐movement increases as the size of the states’ economies does so as well as with the productive structure similarities and the relative level of development; however, the co‐movement decreases at a diminishing rate with geographical distance. There is also evidence of time‐dependent effects. In addition, the existence of moderate co‐movements among the states’ cycles suggests that common economic policies may not be suitable for all states, which implies there is a need for specific countercyclical policies to mitigate idiosyncratic shocks.
Microscopic investigation of the formation of a thermoset wheat gluten network in a model system relevant for bread making
Authors: Verbauwhede Annelien E. , Lambrecht Marlies A. , Jekle Mario , Lucas Isabelle , Fierens Ellen , Shegay Oksana , Brijs Kristof , Delcour Jan A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAlthough the impact of heat on molecular properties of wheat gluten is well understood, changes in its microstructure have rarely been studied. Here, formation of the thermoset gluten network in a model system relevant for bread baking was studied with confocal laser scanning microscopy and protein network analysis. From 65 °C onwards, gluten converts from thick aligned protein strands in a highly branched and homogeneous network of small thin protein threads. Neither gliadin incorporation in the network nor application of aqualysin 1, the thermo‐active serine peptidase from Thermus aquaticus which recently has been reported to hydrolyse gluten proteins in dough only at temperatures exceeding 80 °C, impacts on the gluten microstructure. As starch causes structure setting itself and thereby decreases protein mobility, molecular scale changes in the gluten network at temperatures exceeding 80 °C brought about by aqualysin 1 do not impact its microstructure.