bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse symbolic action and quiescence: a critical exploration of anti-abortion rhetoric and movement activation
Authors: Marquess Mackenzie O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization Supreme Court decision, the pro-choice movement had a clear spike in motivation and action. The Republican Party hosted a celebratory news conference following the decision, but rather than activating their own base they witnessed an unintentional activation of their opposing base. This article proposes a theory of reverse symbolic action which explores the possibility that extreme anti-abortion rhetoric caused the pro-life movement to fall into dormancy while causing the pro-choice movement to activate. Drawing on social judgment theory and politics as symbolic action, reverse symbolic action has three dimensions: policy action producing quiescence, rhetorical overreach, and unintentional activation of the oppositional base. A case study applies this new theoretical lens to the House Republican news conference held immediately after the announcement of Dobbs. Public responses are explored through analysis of Twitter activity following the conference and the 2022 midterm election results.
Microvascular resistance reserve in relation to total and vessel-specific atherosclerotic burden
Authors: Hoshino Masahiro , Jukema Ruurt A , Hoek Roel , Dahdal Jorge , Raijmakers Pieter , Driessen Roel , Bom Michiel J , van Diemen Pepijn , Twisk Jos , Danad Ibrahim , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Knuuti Juhani , Knaapen Paul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
The relationship between coronary artery atherosclerosis and microvascular resistance remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the relationship between total atherosclerotic and vessel-specific atherosclerotic burden and microvascular resistance reserve (MRR).

Methods and results
In this post hoc analysis of the PACIFIC 1 trial, symptomatic patients without prior coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent [15O]H2O positron emission tomography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR). MRR was assessed across all three coronary branches, utilizing PET-derived coronary flow reserve and invasive FFR measurements. CCTA was used to assess patient and vessel-specific plaque volumes. Percentage atheroma volume (PAV) was defined as total plaque volume divided by vessel volume. The study included 142 patients (55% male, 57.5 ± 8.6 years) with 426 vessels with a mean MRR of 3.77 ± 1.64. While a significantly higher PAV was observed in the left anterior descending artery territory, MRR was similar across the three coronary branches. Generalized estimating equations without correction for cardiovascular risk factors identified that patient-specific PAV tertiles but not vessel-specific PAV tertiles were related to vessel-specific MRR. After correction for cardiovascular risk factors, compared with the first tertile of patient-specific PAV, the second tertile showed a vessel-specific MRR decrease of β = −0.362, P = 0.018, and the third tertile showed a decrease of β = −0.347, P = 0.024.

Conclusion
In patients without prior CAD, patient-specific plaque burden was negatively associated to vessel-specific MRR; however, vessel-specific plaque burden was not related to vessel-specific MRR. Our findings suggest that the relation between atherosclerotic burden and an impaired microcirculatory function is of systemic origin.
Thoracic posture-related morphological changes in patients with pectus excavatum versus healthy controls
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Asakura Keisuke , Yamada Yoshitake , Masai Kyohei , Yamada Minoru , Yokoyama Yoichi , Okubo Yu , Kaseda Kaoru , Hishida Tomoyuki , Jinzaki Masahiro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Cases of severe pectus excavatum presenting with worsening cardiopulmonary symptoms in the upright position have been reported. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated posture-related morphological changes of the thorax in patients with pectus excavatum.

METHODS
Chest morphology was evaluated preoperatively using upright and supine computed tomography in 21 patients with pectus excavatum and 35 healthy volunteers. The minimum anterior–posterior thoracic diameter, depression depth, and Haller index on horizontal sections, as well as the T6-12 plumb line distance on sagittal sections, were compared between the 2 positions.

RESULTS
In patients with pectus excavatum (median age, 22 years; 18 males and 3 females), the minimum anterior–posterior diameter was smaller (4.5 vs 5.1 cm, P &lt; 0.001) and the Haller index was greater (10.1 vs 6.4, P &lt; 0.001) in the upright position than in the supine position. The T6-T12 plumb line distance was longer in the upright position (2.4 vs 0.8 cm, P &lt; 0.001), while the depression depth showed no significant difference. Healthy volunteers exhibited similar changes. The degree of spinal curvature increased in the upright position due to the anterior shift of the lower thoracic vertebrae, resulting in a shorter anterior–posterior diameter, irrespective of chest wall deformity. One patient with dyspnoea only in the upright position exhibited compression of the right inferior pulmonary vein only on upright computed tomography.

CONCLUSIONS
The minimum anterior–posterior diameter is shorter in the upright position. This may explain the worsening of cardiopulmonary symptoms in patients with severe pectus excavatum when in an upright position.
Clinical trial registration number: UMIN000036438
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041519
General practice utilisation by Australian cancer patients in the last year of life
Authors: Grant Matthew P , McCarthy Damien , Kearney Chris , Collins Anna , Sundararajan Vijaya , Rhee Joel J , Philip Jennifer A M , Emery Jon D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
General practice plays a key role in end-of-life care, yet the extent of this remains largely unknown due to a lack of detailed clinical data. This study aims to describe the care provided by General Practitioners (GPs) for people with cancer in their last year of life.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study using linked routine primary care and death certificate data in Victoria, Australia. Patients were included who died from cancer between 2008 and 2017.

Results
In total 7025 cancer patients were included, mean age of 74.8 yrs. 95% of patients visited their GP in the last 6 months of life, with a median of 11 general practice contacts in this period. 72% of patients visited their GP in the second-last month prior to death, and 74% in the last month of life. The majority of patients (58%) were prescribed opioids, 19% anticipatory medications, 24% received a home visit, and a small proportion had imaging (6%) in the last month and pathology (6%) in the last fortnight. Patients in regional areas had more contact with general practices in the last year of life compared to metropolitan patients (median metropolitan = 16, inner regional = 25, and outer regional = 23, P &lt; .001). The use of GP services did not differ by cancer type.

Conclusions
GP’s play a central role in end-of-life care provision for cancer patients, which intensifies in the last months of life. There is room for improvement, with a proportion having little or no engagement, and low rates of home visits and anticipatory medication prescribing.
Impact of a multifaceted intervention programme on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing in four patient-centred settings in five European countries. The HAPPY PATIENT project
Authors: García-Sangenís Ana , Lykkegaard Jesper , Hansen Malene Plejdrup , González López-Valcárcel Beatriz , Raynal Fabiana , Vallejo-Torres Laura , Bjerrum Lars , Chalkidou Athina , Jensen Jette Nygaard , Rebnord Ingrid , Lindberg Bent Håkan , Taxis Katja , Lambert Maarten , Radzeviciene Ruta , Jaruseviciene Lina , Touboul Lundgren Pia , Bruno Pascale , Lesage Vanessa , Kowalczyk Anna , Godycki-Cwirko Maciej , Lionis Christos , Karkana Maria-Nefeli , Anastasaki Marilena , Hansen Matilde Bøgelund , Olsen Jonas Kanstrup , Søndergaard Jens , Modena Daniela , Mally Stella , Álvarez Laura , Llor Carl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The primary cause of antimicrobial resistance is excessive and non-indicated antibiotic use.

Aim
To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention aimed at various healthcare professionals (HCPs) on antibiotic prescribing and dispensing for common infections.

Design and setting
Before-and-after study set in general practice, out-of-hours services, nursing homes, and community pharmacies in France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain.

Methods
Following the Audit Project Odense method, HCPs from these four settings self-registered encounters with patients related to antibiotic prescribing and dispensing before and after an intervention (February–April 2022 and February–April 2023). Prior to the second registration, the HCPs undertook a multifaceted intervention, which included reviewing and discussing feedback on the first registration’s results, enhancing communication skills, and providing communication tools. Indicators to identify potentially unnecessary prescriptions and non-first-line antibiotic choices were developed, and the results of the two registrations were compared.

Results
A total of 345 HCPs registered 10 744 infections in the first registration period and 10 207 infections in the second period. In general practice, participants showed a significant 9.8% reduction in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in the second period, whereas limited or no effect was observed in out-of-hours services and nursing homes (0.8% reduction and 4.5% increase, respectively). Pharmacies demonstrated an 18% increase in safety checks, and correct advice in pharmacies rose by 17%.

Conclusion
External factors like COVID-19, antibiotic shortages, and a streptococcal epidemic impacted the intervention’s benefits. Despite this, the intervention successfully improved antibiotic use in both settings.
Latitudinal gradients and ocean fronts strongly influence protist communities in the southern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sturm Daniela , Morton Peter , Langer Gerald , Balch William M , Wheeler Glen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Protist communities in the southern Pacific Ocean make a major contribution to global biogeochemical cycling, but remain understudied due to their remote location. We therefore have limited understanding of how large-scale physical gradients (e.g. temperature) and mesoscale oceanographic features (e.g. fronts) influence microeukaryote diversity in this region. We performed a high-resolution examination of protist communities along a latitudinal transect (&gt;3000 km) at 150°W in the central southern Pacific Ocean that encompassed major frontal regions, including the subtropical front (STF), the subantarctic front (SAF), and the polar front (PF). We identified distinct microbial communities along the transect that were primarily delineated by the positions of the STF and PF. Some taxa were not constricted by these environmental boundaries and were able to span frontal regions, such as the colonial haptophyte Phaeocystis. Our findings also support the presence of a latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) of decreasing diversity of the protist community with increasing latitude, although some individual taxa, notably the diatoms, do not adhere to this rule. Our findings show that oceanographic features and large-scale physical gradients have important impacts on marine protist communities in the southern Pacific Ocean that are likely to strongly influence their response to future environmental change.
A path integral approach for allele frequency dynamics under polygenic selection
Authors: Anderson Nathan W , Kirk Lloyd , Schraiber Joshua G , Ragsdale Aaron P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many phenotypic traits have a polygenic genetic basis, making it challenging to learn their genetic architectures and predict individual phenotypes. One promising avenue to resolve the genetic basis of complex traits is through evolve-and-resequence (E&R) experiments, in which laboratory populations are exposed to some selective pressure and trait-contributing loci are identified by extreme frequency changes over the course of the experiment. However, small laboratory populations will experience substantial random genetic drift, and it is difficult to determine whether selection played a role in a given allele frequency change (AFC). Predicting AFCs under drift and selection, even for alleles contributing to simple, monogenic traits, has remained a challenging problem. Recently, there have been efforts to apply the path integral, a method borrowed from physics, to solve this problem. So far, this approach has been limited to genic selection, and is therefore inadequate to capture the complexity of quantitative, highly polygenic traits that are commonly studied. Here, we extend one of these path integral methods, the perturbation approximation, to selection scenarios that are of interest to quantitative genetics. We derive analytic expressions for the transition probability (i.e. the probability that an allele will change in frequency from x to y in time t) of an allele contributing to a trait subject to stabilizing selection, as well as that of an allele contributing to a trait rapidly adapting to a new phenotypic optimum. We use these expressions to characterize the use of AFC to test for selection, as well as explore optimal design choices for E&R experiments to uncover the genetic architecture of polygenic traits under selection.
“It was not the will to live that drove me...”: Escapees from Treblinka Death Camp Returning to the Warsaw Ghetto
Authors: Ferenc Maria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines a pivotal moment during the Holocaust among the Jews in the Warsaw ghetto—the return to Warsaw of eyewitness survivors who managed to escape from the Treblinka death camp during summer and autumn 1942. These individuals, who had personally witnessed the atrocities, were fueled by a profound sense of duty to attest to the horrors of the extermination camp, and thus they sought to inform and caution the remaining Jewish population. This article explores the dynamics of these escapees’ return and delves into the details of their testimonies, as well as how the ghetto population reacted to information about Treblinka. While many were eager to uncover the truth about the fate of the deportees, the harsh reality proved difficult to bear for many and escapees’ accounts often faced skepticism. The article also reveals that the urge to alert fellow Jews about the ongoing Holocaust heavily motivated those who fled Treblinka in this time. On a more general level, this case study broadly examines the process by which information transforms into knowledge.
4-Phenylbutyric acid mitigates ER stress-induced neurodegeneration in the spinal cords of a GM2 gangliosidosis mouse model
Authors: Weaver Fiona E , White Elizabeth , Peek Allyson M , Nurse Colin A , Austin Richard C , Igdoura Suleiman A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD), a fatal and rare lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme β-hexosaminidase B and leads to severe accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in lysosomes, primarily within the central nervous system (CNS). This accumulation results in severe neurological impairment, lower motor neuron disease, and death. Currently, there are no effective therapies available for SD. Here, we explored the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the spinal cord during disease progression in an established mouse model of SD and revealed the beneficial outcome of off-label treatment with the FDA-approved drug, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA). We analyzed the expression and localization of ER stress and cellular apoptosis markers, which revealed significant upregulation of these factors within motor neurons. Additionally, we observed a &gt; 50% reduction in neuronal numbers throughout all spinal cord regions. Our studies also tested the impact of the chemical chaperone 4-PBA on ER stress in mice, and following administration, we observed significant improvements in motor neuromuscular function and life span throughout disease progression. 4-PBA treatment significantly reduced apoptosis in spinal cord neurons and increased the number of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons, with little effect on astrogliosis or sensory interneurons. Overall, this study provides strong evidence for the role of chronic ER stress in the pathophysiology of SD and highlights 4-PBA as a promising therapeutic treatment for SD and potentially other related LSDs.
Evolutionary game model for decarbonization of shipping under green shipping corridor
Authors: Zhang Suyong , Feng Chuwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The journey of zero-emission shipping has begun. In the context of green shipping corridor, this paper constructs a three-party evolutionary game model of the government, shipping enterprises and shippers, and analyzes the stability of the game model. Based on the corresponding policy and market environments, a sensitivity analysis of the key parameters is carried out using MATLAB tools. The results show the following: (1) The tripartite strategy will eventually evolve into {government adopts active policy, shipping enterprises respond positively, consignor respond positively}. This evolutionary result is also more consistent with the reality of emission reduction under the high cost of shipping emission reduction today. (2) Government subsidies, social financing, and the increase of carbon price level can lead shipping enterprises to respond positively. (3) Attention should be paid to the idea of decarbonization driven by the demand side, and the power of all parties should be gathered to participate in the decarbonization of shipping to achieve the carbon reduction target as soon as possible.
An experimental study to lift water with a solar-driven bubble pump
Authors: Omar Ihab , Al.Bahadli Yusra A , Hussaina Zahra F , Altayeh Aiham O , Saleh Ahmed A M , Basem Ali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study presents an experimental investigation centered on the utilization of a solar bubble pump for lifting water. Experimental tests were conducted to analyze the impact of various design and operational parameters. The results revealed a direct proportionality between the maximum height lifted heat flux. Additionally, the experiments demonstrated that increasing the submergence ratio resulted in a higher mass flow of lifted water. Furthermore, a slight increase in tube diameter, while maintaining a constant heat flux and submergence ratio, led to a 22.47% increase in the flow rate when the diameter was increased from 8 mm to 10.21 mm.
TUPE’s public–private divide: Bicknell (1) The British Medical Association (2) v NHS Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Integrated Commissioning Board
Authors: Wynn-Evans Charles 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This note reviews the decision of the Employment Appeal Tribunal in Bicknell (1) The British Medical Association (2) v NHS Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Integrated Commissioning Board and its consideration of the limitation of the scope of the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of Employment) Regulations 2006 to ‘economic activity’. This limitation, when combined with the exclusion from the application of the transfer of undertakings legislation of ‘public administrative’ reorganisations, creates a public–private divide—a ‘public sector exclusion zone’—in the application of the transfer of undertakings regime. This note argues that the doubts expressed by the EAT in Bicknell about the decision in Nicholls & Anor v London Borough of Croydon & Ors—in which it was held that the purchasing and commission of goods and services do not constitute an economic activity for the purposes of the transfer legislation—are well founded. The approach adopted in Nicholls, which was based on EU competition law authorities addressing the entirely different context of the regulation of competition, should therefore be revisited. Applying a purposive TUPE-specific approach, the purchasing and commission of goods and services should, depending on the factual matrix, be treated as capable of constituting an economic activity for the purposes of TUPE. This approach would, consistent with the objectives of the transfer legislation, enable the (better) protection of the employment of those engaged in purchasing and commissioning activities, whether or not conducted under the broad umbrella of the public sector, who are affected by reorganisations and similar exercises otherwise satisfying the requirements of a TUPE transfer.
Association of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination and Reductions in Post COVID Conditions Following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in a US Prospective Cohort of Essential Workers
Authors: Mak Josephine , Khan Sana , Britton Amadea , Rose Spencer , Gwynn Lisa , Ellingson Katherine D , Meece Jennifer , Feldstein Leora R , Tyner Harmony , Edwards Laura J , Thiese Matthew S , Naleway Allison , Gaglani Manjusha , Solle Natasha , Burgess Jefferey L , Lamberte Julie Mayo , Shea Meghan , Hunt-Smith Taryn , Caban-Martinez Alberto , Porter Cynthia , Wiegand Ryan , Rai Ramona , Hegmann Kurt T , Hollister James , Fowlkes Ashley , Wesley Meredith , Philips Andrew L , Rivers Patrick , Bloodworth Robin , Newes-Adeyi Gabriella , Olsho Lauren E W , Yoon Sarang K , Saydah Sharon , Lutrick Karen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Data are limited on whether vaccination reduces post COVID conditions (PCCs) risk after less severe nonhospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed whether COVID-19 vaccination protected against PCCs in persons with mild initial infections during Delta and Omicron variant predominance.

Methods
This study utilized a case-control design, nested within the HEROES-RECOVER cohort. Participants aged ≥18 years with test–confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between 28 June 2021 and 14 September 2022 were surveyed for PCCs, defined by symptoms lasting &gt;4 weeks after initial infection. Cases self-reported PCCs and controls self-reported no PCCs. The exposure was messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccination (2 or 3 monovalent doses). Odds of PCCs among vaccinated and unvaccinated persons were compared with logistic regression.

Results
Of 936 participants, 23.6% reported PCCs and 83.2% were vaccinated. Participants who received 3 vaccine doses had lower odds of PCC-related gastrointestinal, neurological, and other symptoms compared to unvaccinated participants (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.37 [.16–.85], 0.56 [.32–.97], and 0.48 [.25–.91], respectively).

Conclusions
COVID-19 vaccination protected against development of PCCs among persons with mild infection during both Delta and Omicron variant predominance, supporting vaccination as an important PCCs prevention tool.