bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravity Wave Propagation from the Stratosphere into the Mesosphere Studied with Lidar, Meteor Radar, and TIMED/SABER
Authors: Gong Shaohua , Yang Guotao , Xu Jiyao , Liu Xiao , Li Qinzeng 
Published: February 2019

A low-frequency inertial atmospheric gravity wave (AGW) event was studied with lidar (40.5° N, 116° E), meteor radar (40.3° N, 116.2° E), and TIMED/SABER at Beijing on 30 May 2012. Lidar measurements showed that the atmospheric temperature structure was persistently perturbed by AGWs propagating upward from the stratosphere into the mesosphere (35–86 km). The dominant contribution was from the waves with vertical wavelengths λ z = 8 − 10 km and wave periods T ob = 6.6 ± 0.7 h . Simultaneous observations from a meteor radar illustrated that MLT horizontal winds were perturbed by waves propagating upward with an azimuth angle of θ = 247 ° , and the vertical wavelength ( λ z = 10 km ) and intrinsic period ( T in = 7.4 h ) of the dominant waves were inferred with the hodograph method. TIMED/SABER measurements illustrated that the vertical temperature profiles were also perturbed by waves with dominant vertical wavelength λ z = 6 − 9 km . Observations from three different instruments were compared, and it was found that signatures in the temperature perturbations and horizontal winds were induced by identical AGWs. According to these coordinated observation results, the horizontal wavelength and intrinsic phase speed were inferred to be ~560 km and ~21 m/s, respectively. Analyses of the Brunt-Väisälä frequency and potential energy illustrated that this persistent wave propagation had good static stability.
Next Generation Sequencing of the Pig αβ TCR Repertoire Identifies the Porcine Invariant NKT Cell Receptor
Authors: Yang Guan , Artiaga Bianca L. , Lomelino Carrie L. , Jayaprakash Anitha D. , Sachidanandam Ravi , Mckenna Robert , Driver John P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Swine represent the only livestock with an established invariant NKT (iNKT) cell–CD1d system. In this study, we exploited the fact that pig iNKT cells can be purified using a mouse CD1d tetramer reagent to establish their TCR repertoire by next generation sequencing. CD1d tetramer-positive pig cells predominantly expressed an invariant Vα–Jα rearrangement, without nontemplate nucleotide diversity, homologous to the Vα24–Jα18 and Vα14–Jα18 rearrangements of human and murine iNKT cells. The coexpressed β-chain used a Vβ segment homologous to the semivariant Vβ11 and Vβ8.2 segments of human and murine iNKT cell receptors. Molecular modeling found that contacts within CD1d and CDR1α that underlie fine specificity differences between mouse and human iNKT cells are conserved between pigs and humans, indicating that the response of porcine and human iNKT cells to CD1d-restricted Ags may be similar. Accordingly, pigs, which are an important species for diverse fields of biomedical research, may be useful for developing human-based iNKT cell therapies for cancer, infectious diseases, and other disorders. Our study also sequenced the expressed TCR repertoire of conventional porcine αβ T cells, which identified 48 Vα, 50 Jα, 18 Vβ, and 18 Jβ sequences, most of which correspond to human gene segments. These findings provide information on the αβ TCR usage of pigs, which is understudied and deserves further attention.
Cutting Edge: G Protein Subunit β 1 Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Murakami Tomohiko , Ruengsinpinya Lerdluck , Nakamura Eriko , Takahata Yoshifumi , Hata Kenji , Okae Hiroaki , Taniguchi Shun’ichiro , Takahashi Masafumi , Nishimura Riko 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome has important roles in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome are not fully understood. In this study, we attempted to identify molecules that interact with NLRP3 upon its activation. We identified G protein subunit β 1 (GNB1), a downstream molecule of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), which regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. GNB1 was physically associated with NLRP3 via the pyrin domain of NLRP3. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was enhanced in GNB1-knockdown or GNB1-deficient murine macrophages, although a lack of GNB1 did not affect activation of the AIM2 inflammasome. ASC oligomerization induced by NLRP3 was enhanced by GNB1 deficiency. Conversely, NLRP3-dependent ASC oligomerization was inhibited by the overexpression of GNB1. This study indicates that GNB1 negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing NLRP3-dependent ASC oligomerization, and it provides a regulatory mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Fold, Check, Hit Me! Impact of Lifestyle on the Trajectories of Problem Gamblers
Authors: Ouellet Frédéric , Queloz Balthazar 
Published: February 2019

Several studies have demonstrated the intermittent nature of problematic gambling behaviours. Despite the upsurge in research in this area, few studies have examined the dynamics of gambling behaviour or the factors influencing gambling trajectories. Using a retrospective self-report gambler survey inspired by the life history calendar method, the current study sheds light on the intermittency of gambling and the static and dynamic factors that may modulate gambling trajectories. Attention was paid to deviant life circumstances, especially criminal offending, and their effects on gambling parameters. The multilevel analyses results, conducted with data gathered from a sample of a hundred problem gamblers, revealed the impact of life circumstances on these trajectories. On the one hand, sources of social control—hours worked, participation in therapy—have the effect of alleviating gambling problems. On the other hand, deviant life circumstances—commission of lucrative crimes, consumption of psychoactive substances, paying off gambling debt—exacerbated gambling. The dynamic factors that predict changes in gambling behavior and identified in this research support the development of intervention policies based around them.RésuméPlusieurs études ont démontré la nature intermittente des comportements de jeu problématique. Malgré la recrudescence de la recherche dans ce domaine, peu d’études ont examiné la dynamique du comportement de jeu ou les facteurs influençant les trajectoires de jeu. À l’aide d’une enquête rétrospective sur les joueurs compulsifs autodéclarés, inspirée de la méthode du calendrier sur l’historique de vie, cette étude met en lumière l’intermittence du jeu et les facteurs statiques et dynamiques qui peuvent moduler les trajectoires de jeu. L’attention a été portée sur les conditions de vie déviantes, en particulier les infractions criminelles et leurs effets sur les paramètres de jeu. Les résultats des analyses à plusieurs niveaux, réalisés à partir de données recueillies auprès d’un échantillon de cent joueurs compulsifs, ont révélé l’impact des circonstances de la vie sur ces trajectoires. D’une part, les structures de contrôle social, p. ex., les heures travaillées, la participation à une thérapie, ont pour effet d’atténuer les problèmes de jeu. D’autre part, les circonstances de vie déviantes, comme la perpétration de crimes lucratifs, la consommation de substances psychoactives, le remboursement des dettes de jeu, aggravent le jeu. Les facteurs dynamiques qui prédisent les changements dans le comportement de jeu et qui ont été répertoriés dans cette recherche appuient l’élaboration de politiques d’intervention fondées sur ces facteurs.
The Effect of Zingiber officinale on the Spleen Tissue and Antibody Titer of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Taghdisi Alireza , Hejazi Sajjad 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Increasing the immune system's function of fighting infectious diseases is very important in the poultry industry. Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. The use of ginger in the diet of poultry increases serum levels of superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione peroxidase, which are considered to be important antioxidant enzymes. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger on the spleen tissue of broiler chickens.
Material and Methods The specimens comprised 2 groups of 20 Ross breed broiler chicks, for 42 days and were then, examined and tested. The diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg of ginger powder from the beginning of the rearing period. Blood samples of the chicks were randomly collected to measure the levels of hemagglutination (HI). The removed spleens were fixed with 10% formalin buffer. The specimens were cut in 5-micron diameters and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results and Conclusion There was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HI blood titers between the chicks in the growth period and final period groups (p < 0.05). The white-pulp tissue samples were more clearly seen in the treatment group than in the control group, and also, it was observed that the wall of the central artery of the white pulp was thicker in the ginger-treated group as compared with the control group. The nutritional value of ginger may vary. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effect of this plant final on weight gain; the serum factors associated with the metabolic chart, and the response of the immune system to this plant.
An improved total and tropospheric NO2 column retrieval for GOME-2
Authors: Liu Song , Valks Pieter , Pinardi Gaia , De Smedt Isabelle , Yu Huan , Beirle Steffen , Richter Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. An improved algorithm for
the retrieval of total and tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) is presented.
The refined retrieval will be implemented in a future version of the GOME
Data Processor (GDP) as used by the EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility
on Atmospheric Composition and UV Radiation (AC-SAF). The first main
improvement is the application of an extended 425–497 nm wavelength fitting
window in the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) retrieval
of the NO2 slant column density, based on which initial total
NO2 columns are computed using stratospheric air mass factors (AMFs).
Updated absorption cross sections and a linear offset correction are used for
the large fitting window. An improved slit function treatment is applied to
compensate for both long-term and in-orbit drift of the GOME-2 slit function.
Compared to the current operational (GDP 4.8) dataset, the use of these new
features increases the NO2 columns by
∼1–3×1014 molec cm2 and reduces the slant column error
by ∼24 %. In addition, the bias between GOME-2A and GOME-2B
measurements is largely reduced by adopting a new level 1b data version in
the DOAS retrieval. The retrieved NO2 slant columns show good
consistency with the Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables
(QA4ECV) retrieval with a good overall quality. Second, the STRatospheric
Estimation Algorithm from Mainz (STREAM), which was originally developed for
the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) instrument, was optimised
for GOME-2 measurements to determine the stratospheric NO2 column
density. Applied to synthetic GOME-2 data, the estimated stratospheric
NO2 columns from STREAM shows good agreement with the a priori truth.
An improved latitudinal correction is introduced in STREAM to reduce the
biases over the subtropics. Applied to GOME-2 measurements, STREAM
largely reduces the overestimation of stratospheric NO2 columns over
polluted regions in the GDP 4.8 dataset. Third, the calculation of AMF
applies an updated box-air-mass factor (box-AMF) look-up table (LUT)
calculated using the latest version 2.7 of the Vector-LInearized Discrete
Ordinate Radiative Transfer (VLIDORT) model with an increased number of
reference points and vertical layers, a new GOME-2 surface albedo
climatology, and improved a priori NO2 profiles obtained from the
TM5-MP chemistry transport model. A large effect (mainly enhancement in
summer and reduction in winter) on the retrieved tropospheric NO2
columns by more than 10 % is found over polluted regions. To evaluate the
GOME-2 tropospheric NO2 columns, an end-to-end validation is
performed using ground-based multiple-axis DOAS (MAXDOAS) measurements. The
validation is illustrated for six stations covering urban, suburban, and
background situations. Compared to the GDP 4.8 product, the new dataset
presents improved agreement with the MAXDOAS measurements for all the
stations.
História de vida como história do mundo - Walter Benjamin reescreve A Crônica da Rua dos Pardais, de Wilhelm Raabe
Authors: Schöttker Detlev 
Published: February 2019

PARTE DO PREÂMBULO AO ARTIGO:O presente artigo mostra de modo sutil como o fato aparentemente secundário e muitas vezes esquecido de que um autor tenha atuado ele mesmo como tradutor pode determinar o próprio modo de apropriação do acervo da tradição literária, sobretudo por parte de um escritor moderno. De fato, é graças também à experiência de traduzir a obra de Marcel Proust em colaboração com Franz Hessel que Walter Benjamin se torna cada vez mais consciente de seu método da incorporação velada da obra de escritores do passado. Trata-se certamente de uma espécie de memória interna da literatura que opera, tanto na obra das Passagens, quanto na Crônica Berlinense e na Infância em Berlim por volta de 1900, com a apropriação benjaminiana de elementos, entre outros, da obra de Wilhelm Raabe, A Crônica da Rua dos Pardais, uma obra considerada por Otto Maria Carpeaux como verdadeiro idílio urbano alemão - uma evidente contradição em termos, naturalmente. Em tempos de uma pós-modernidade que se apresenta como renovada e insistentemente tardia, é urgente o exame de tais sutis mecanismos de reescrita e reelaboração literária para desvendar seu nexo com operações de caráter fundamentalmente translatício.
GANDAVO & PLINIO, O VELHO: UMA CONSTRUÇÃO RETÓRICA DOS MIRABILIS
Authors: Costa Alexandre Jose Barboza 
Published: February 2019

Resumo: O presente texto tem por finalidade mostrar que Pero de Magalhães de Gandavo, autor de “História da Província de Santa Cruz” emula – emulatio - Plínio, o velho, autor de “História Natural” para a feitura de suas écfrases – descrições – dos bestiários proporcionando, desse modo, ao seu destinatário uma visão quinhentista, eurocêntrica e contrarreformada da tópica dos “mirabilis”, ou seja, do” fantástico”, “admirável” e” maravilhoso” naquele que foi considerado o primeiro tratado histórico sobre o Brasil escrito provavelmente entre 1573 e 1576 denominado” História da província de Sancta Cruz a que vulgarmente chamamos de Brasil”. Tomamos Plínio, o Velho como autoridades (auctoritas) para o texto de Gandavo, pois, no século XVI os tratados de descrição da fauna e da flora tinham no autor de História Natural a auctoritas mais recorrente. Defendemos a hipótese que o tratado de Gandavo, dentre todos os autores luso-brasileiros do período é o que mais se aproxima de o autor de História Natural de Plínio, o velho.
UNAMUNO, Miguel de (2017): Epistolario I (1880-1899). Introducción,edición y notas de Colette y Jean-Claude Rabaté. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca
Authors: Ezcurra Alicia Villar 
Published: February 2019

Comentario crítico sobre la significación y valor de esta obra que por prirmera vez incluye en un mismo volumen el Epistolario de Unamuno (1880-1899), de especial importancia para conocer el pensamiento del joven Unamuno. y su evolución hasta la cirisis de 1897. Es el primer volumen de una serie que se propone editar críticamente el Epistolario completo.
Se destaca la amplia formación de Unamuno y cómo se gestan sus preocupaciones y se perfilan sus ideales esenciales. Como destacan los editores, la lectura de la correspondencia de Unamuno constituye una biografía paralela.
Esta obra, que incluye un extenso y valioso estudio introductorio y notas críticas de Colette y Jean- Claude Rabaté, será un referente ineludible en los estudios sobre la obra y pensamiento de Miguel de Unamuno.
Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Perawatan Eks-Penderita Kusta di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks-Penderita Kusta Nganget, Tuban, Jawa Timur
Authors: Astutik Erni , Kiptiyah Nuning Maria 
Published: February 2019

Kusta adalah penyakit kronis, disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae dan menyebabkan cacat jika tidak dilakukan perawatan diri. Kabupaten Tubanmerupakan daerah di Jawa Timur dengan kasus kusta dan cacat tingkat2 yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambarandan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku perawatan diri ekspenderita kusta yang tinggal di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks-Penderita Kusta Nganget, Tuban. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional . Populasinya adalah seluruh eks-penderita kusta di Unit Pelaksana Teknis Rehabilitasi Sosial Eks-Penderita Kusta Nganget dan semuanya diikutkan dalam penelitian sebagai sampel. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 14-17 Desember, 2011. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa umur rata-rata eks-penderita kusta adalah 56,08 tahun dan telah menderita cacat selama 24,54 tahun. Kebanyakan dari responden menderita jenis Multi Baciller dan memiliki tingkat cacat 2, serta 61,8% dari responden selalu melakukan perawatan diri yang sesuai dengan jenis kecacatannya. Sebagian besar dari responden memiliki pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik tentang perawatan diri . Seluruhnya melaporkan bahwa mereka mendapatkan dukungan yang baik dari petugas kesehatan tetapi tidak baik dalam dukungan keluarga. Unit Rehabilitasi Sosial ini memiliki poliklinik tetapi tidak memiliki kelompok perawatan diri dan responden tidak mendapatkan alat pelindung diri. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara perilaku perawatan diri dengan umur, jenis kelamin, lama cacat, dan pengetahuan maupun sikap tentang perawatan diri. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan juga ditemukan antara perilaku perawatan diri dengan ketersediaan alat pelindung diri dan dukungan dari keluarga responden. Sebagian besar responden telah melakukan perawatan diri yang baik untuk meminimalisasi tingkat kecacatan lebih lanjut. Semua faktor yang diteliti tidak ada yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku perawatan diri ekspenderita kusta. Petugas kesehatan diharapkan dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan, terutama dalam pemberian informasi mengenai perawatan diri.Kata kunci : kusta, perawatan diri, rehabilitasi
Mycorrhization of Quercus acutissima with Chinese black truffle significantly altered the host physiology and root-associated microbiomes
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Ye Lei , Kang Zongjing , Zou Jie , Zhang Xiaoping , Li Xiaolin 
Published: February 2019

Background
Our aim was to explore how the ectomycorrhizae of an indigenous tree,Quercus acutissima, with a commercial truffle, Chinese black truffle (Tuber indicum), affects the host plant physiology and shapes the associated microbial communities in the surrounding environment during the early stage of symbiosis.

Methods
To achieve this, changes in root morphology and microscopic characteristics, plant physiology indices, and the rhizosphere soil properties were investigated when six-month-old ectomycorrhizae were synthesized. Meanwhile, next-generation sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial and fungal communities in the root endosphere and rhizosphere soil inoculated with T. indicum or not.

Results
The results showed that colonization by T. indicum significantly improved the activity of superoxide dismutase in roots but significantly decreased the root activity. The biomass, leaf chlorophyll content and root peroxidase activity did not obviously differ. Ectomycorrhization of Q. acutissima with T. indicum affected the characteristics of the rhizosphere soil, improving the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available nitrogen. The bacterial and fungal community composition in the root endosphere and rhizosphere soil was altered by T. indicum colonization, as was the community richness and diversity. The dominant bacteria in all the samples were Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and the dominant fungi were Eukaryota_norank, Ascomycota, and Mucoromycota. Some bacterial communities, such as Streptomyces, SM1A02, and Rhizomicrobium were more abundant in the ectomycorrhizae or ectomycorrhizosphere soil. Tuber was the second-most abundant fungal genus, and Fusarium was present at lower amounts in the inoculated samples.

Discussion
Overall, the symbiotic relationship between Q. acutissima and T. indicum had an obvious effect on host plant physiology, soil properties, and microbial community composition in the root endosphere and rhizosphere soil, which could improve our understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Q. acutissima and T. indicum, and may contribute to the cultivation of truffle.
Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenols, Flavonoids and LCMS Profile of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii (Vatke) Lock and Clerodendrum rotundifolium (Oliv.)
Authors: Odhiambo Rechab S. , Kareru Patrick G. , Mwangi Erastus K. , Onyango Daniel W. 
Published: February 2019

Aims: The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity, quantify total phenols and total flavonoids and characterize the secondary metabolites present in methanolic extracts of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii and Clerodendrum rotundifolium using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Methodology: The total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The secondary metabolites present in the methanolic leaves extracts were evaluated using LC-MS.
Results: The extracts of C. hildebrandtii showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.7 mg/mL) compared to C. rotundifolium (IC50= 28.5 mg/mL). Both methanolic extracts of C. hildebrandtii and C. rotundifolium had common and different types of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate and luteolin 6-C-glucoside among others that could be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of C. hildebrandtii (1.33±0.07 mg/g tannic acid equivalents) was significantly higher than that of C. rotundifolium (0.25±0.00 mg/g tannic acid equivalents). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in total flavonoid content of C. hildebrandtii (2.69±0.33 mg/g catechin equivalents) and C. rotundifolium (2.36±0.16 mg/g catechin equivalents).
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the good antioxidant activity exhibited by C. hildebrandtii may probably have been brought about by various secondary metabolites functioning in synergy.