bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A weather pattern responsible for increasing wildfires in the western United States
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Simon S-Y , Chikamoto Yoshimitsu , Gillies Robert , LaPlante Matthew , Hari Vittal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The western United States (U.S.) has been experiencing more severe wildfires, in part due to climate change, but the underlying synoptic patterns and their modulation in driving fire weather is unclear. Here we investigated the relationship between weather regimes (WRs) and fire weather indices, specifically vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index. By identifying five singular WRs using k-means clustering, we found that a particular regime (WR-2), one characterized by a distinct tripolar wave train pattern over the continental U.S., has exhibited an increased frequency since 1980. The ascribed WR-2 regime was found to be mainly responsible for rising trends in the fire weather indices, especially VPD. Further, the average fire indices of the WR-2 regime played a more important role than the frequency in shaping the rising trends in the fire weather indices. The increased frequency of the WR-2 WR was mainly attributed to anthropogenic forcing and, the year-to-year variation of the frequency was associated with sea surface temperature anomalies over the subtropical eastern Pacific. Human-induced climate change might have furthered the exacerbation of wildfire danger in the western U.S. by modulating the behaviors of WRs and fire weather indices.
Cadmium: a global assessment of mineral resources, extraction, and indicators of mine toxicity potential
Authors: Werner Tim T , Bell Christian , Frenzel Max , Jowitt Simon M , Agarwal Priya , Mudd Gavin M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mostly produced as a by-product of zinc (Zn) mining, cadmium (Cd) is used in solar photovoltaic cells, battery storage, alloys, pigments, plating, and in nuclear reactors. However, it is also a regulated toxic substance with a long history of environmental and health impacts. As the mining of both Zn and Cd will need to increase to support the global energy transition, the status of Cd as either a resource or a pollutant has major implications for global supply chains and environmental management. Here, we present a new global, site-specific database and analysis of Cd resources in Zn-bearing mineral deposits and mines. Our database, which exceeds past Cd studies in scope, transparency and replicability is made available in full to support future assessments of Cd and Zn resources, mine production and associated risks. It includes 927 sites subject to detailed geological data compilation and analysis. Collectively, these sites suggest a new global resource estimate of 3.3 Mt Cd (95% confidence interval: 2.7–6.1 Mt).
A preliminary geospatial analysis of sites in our database and mine toxicity indicators was also conducted. It shows that:

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A human population of approximately 3.27 million live within 10 km of sites containing Cd resources,

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∼31% of the world’s Cd resources sit within 20 km of International Union for the Conservation of Nature protected areas, and

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Some 28% of Cd mobilised annually by mining originates from areas hosting seasonal or permanent surface water cover.

As ∼27% of Cd resources are in countries that do not refine it, our study highlights the need for further research exploring global Cd trade flows and associated emissions. Heavy metal pollution in mining and metal production regions is an ongoing challenge, and our global dataset refines our understanding of its magnitude and distribution.
Dihedrally symmetric monopoles and affine Toda equations
Authors: Braden H W , Disney-Hogg Linden 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We show that any SU(2) BPS monopole of charge k with rotational spatial dihedral symmetry is gauge equivalent to the Nahm data obtained from affine Toda equations of

C
l

(
1
)

type when

k

=
2
l

or

A

2
(
l
−
1
)

(
2
)

type when

k

=
2
l
−
1

.
Entanglement dynamics of two optical modes coupled through a dissipative movable mirror in an optomechanical system
Authors: Schnepper Bruno P , Cius Danilo , Andrade Fabiano M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nonclassical states are an important class of states in quantum mechanics, particularly for applications in quantum information theory. Optomechanical systems are invaluable platforms for exploring and harnessing these states. In this study, we focus on a mirror-in-the-middle optomechanical system. In the absence of losses, a separable state, composed of the product of coherent states, evolves into an entangled state. Furthermore, we demonstrate that generating a two-mode Schrödinger-cat state depends on the optomechanical coupling. Additionally, when the optical modes are uncoupled from the mechanical mode, we find no entanglement for certain nonzero optomechanical coupling intensities. We exactly solve the Gorini–Kossalokowinki–Sudarshan–Lindblad master equation, highlighting the direct influence of the reservoir on the dynamics when mechanical losses are considered. Then, we discuss vacuum one-photon superposition states to obtain exact entanglement dynamics using concurrence as a quantifier. Our results show that mechanical losses in the mirror attenuate the overall entanglement of the system.
Introduction
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the introduction, we offer an overview of current proposals to use lottery-based institutions in democratic societies. While these proposals aim to improve the democratic quality of current institutions, we argue that the lottocratic mentality guiding most of the design of lottery-based institutions harbors antidemocratic features that would erode democratic commitments in society more generally. Thus, the negative downstream effects of the spread of this mentality extend well beyond the narrow confines of discussions about the future of such institutions. We then indicate how each chapter contributes to the book’s overall argument against the lottocratic mentality.
The Lottery Revival
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses one of lottocrats’ most popular and reiterated claims, namely, that ancient democracy proves that only selection by lottery is consistent with democratic equality. We introduce this chapter by first going back to the ideas of three key seminal political theorists, Robert A. Dahl, Jon Elster, and Bernard Manin, who drew attention to the lottery well before it became popular. None of them were lottocrats, yet they suggested a parallel between contemporary and ancient democracies that opened the door to a narrative that has now become popular among lottocrats. In the second part of the chapter, we show that the antagonism between lotteries and elections is confusing as the ancients did not use the lottery instead of elections but used both of them in different contexts. In the end, making the lottery synonymous with democracy alters the meaning of democracy itself from a regime based on the centrality of adult citizen participation in self-government to one in which the many are “ruled” by “the few” chosen by chance.
A Sample Embodying Everyone
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we analyze the conception of representation as “mirror” and “embodiment,” which is a core feature of the lottocratic mentality. Current dissatisfaction with electoral democracy has reactivated two different modalities of “embodied” representation: populism and lottocracy. After analyzing some differences between them, we highlight their common features that are inimical to democracy: exclusionary majoritarianism and the assumption of a homogeneous citizenry. Under the worrisome assumption of a homogeneous people, lottocrats want to take us back to embodiment and ascriptive groups. Instead of citizens choosing their representatives based on their political agendas, they should let themselves be represented by a random sample of individuals who are supposed to share their interests and political values just by virtue of their ascriptive characteristics (such as gender, ethnicity, etc.). As explained in detail, by questioning the priority of political representation over descriptive representation, lottocrats undermine citizens’ political agency and freedom.
Conclusion
Authors: Lafont Cristina , Urbinati Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the conclusion, we highlight the importance of auxiliary institutions within representative democracies. Unlike in ancient democracies, in representative democracies kratos has become complex and mediated such that opinion formation and decision-making institutions are part of it. Within our democracies, political parties, interest groups, civic associations, traditional and digital media, schools and universities, labor unions, and mutual associations of various kinds count as auxiliary bodies. Minipublics such as citizens’ assemblies or citizens’ juries present a new type of auxiliary institutions that could have a positive impact on representative democracy. But if, as lottocrats propose, we were to use lotteries to create laws or choose lawmakers who have a final say over decisions that authorize coercion, then lotteries would function to empowering the unaccountable few to rule over the many. This would only reinforce the undemocratic flaws of current electoral institutions that lottocrats denounce—namely, the dualism between the few who rule and the many who submit to their decisions.
Transdiagnostic Attentional Deficits Are Associated with Depressive and Externalizing Symptoms in Children and Adolescents with Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: DePamphilis Gian M , Legere Christopher , Vigne Megan M , Tirrell Eric , Holler Karen , Carpenter Linda L , Kavanaugh Brian C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Although inattention, impulsivity, and impairments to vigilance are most associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), transdiagnostic attentional deficits are prevalent across all psychiatric disorders. To further elucidate this relationship, the present study investigated parent-reported neuropsychiatric symptom correlates of attention deficits using the factor structure of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II), a neuropsychological test of attention.

Method
Two-hundred and eighteen children and adolescents (7–21 years old) completed the CPT-II as part of standard clinical protocol during outpatient pediatric neuropsychology visits. The factor structure of the CPT-II was determined with a principal component analysis (PCA) using Promax rotation. Pearson correlation analyses and regression models examined the relationship between the generated factor structure, parent-reported clinical symptoms, and pre-determined clinical diagnoses.

Results
Results from the PCA suggested a three-factor model best supported the structure of the CPT-II, and were subsequently defined as inattention, impulsivity, and vigilance. Performance-based inattention was significantly correlated with parent-reported hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems, and depression. Parent-reported depressive symptoms and conduct problems were the strongest correlates of performance-based inattention, not hyperactivity or aggression. Performance-based inattention was significantly associated with an ADHD diagnosis but not a depression or anxiety diagnosis.

Conclusions
Findings suggest attentional deficits are not specific to any one disorder. To enhance the identification, classification, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, both researchers and clinicians alike must diminish the importance of categorical approaches to child/adolescent psychopathology and continue to consider the dimensionality of transdiagnostic characteristics such as inattention.
Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization (MFU-V) Effectiveness and Safety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Amiri Mojgan , Ajasllari Guardmond , Llane Adea , Casabona Gabriela , Pavicic Tatjana , Sevi Julia , Spada Julieta , Vachiramon Vasanop , Vasconcelos Rossana , Tuck Wah Siew , Muka Taulant , Fabi Sabrina Guillen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V) is an advanced, noninvasive cosmetic procedure widely performed for skin lifting and tightening. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the aesthetic effectiveness, patient satisfaction, skin quality, and safety profile of MFU-V treatment. A comprehensive search of 5 bibliographic databases up to 2023 was conducted. Pooled effect estimates with random effects models and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Out of 4019 references, 42 studies were included. Meta-analysis showed 89% of patients (95% CI: 81%-94%; I2: 63%, n = 411) demonstrated some degree of global aesthetic improvement, as assessed by investigators. Similarly, 84% of patients (95% CI: 73%-91%; I2: 64%, n = 312) reported improvement following treatment. Satisfaction of any level was reported by 84% of patients (95% CI: 61%-94%; I²: 52%, n = 326), and 62% (95% CI: 37%-82%; I²: 3%, n = 172) when “neutral” as a response option was provided for patients. Skin quality (eg, wrinkles, texture) also improved. Patients reported a pooled mean pain score of 4.85 (95% CI: 4.35, 5.35; I2: 97%, n = 785), indicating moderate pain. Common adverse events included erythema, edema, swelling, bruising, and tenderness, all of which were generally mild to moderate in severity. Overall, our analysis demonstrated a notable increase in global aesthetic improvement and patient satisfaction following MFU-V treatment, accompanied by moderate pain and a generally favorable safety profile. However, the potential misclassification of neutral responses as positive may result in an overestimation of the treatment's efficacy. These findings highlight the need for well-designed trials to further explore MFU-V's clinical applications.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Deciphering gene expression patterns using large-scale transcriptomic data and its applications
Authors: Chen Shunjie , Wang Pei , Guo Haiping , Zhang Yujie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gene expression varies stochastically across genders, racial groups, and health statuses. Deciphering these patterns is crucial for identifying informative genes, classifying samples, and understanding diseases like cancer. This study analyzes 11,252 bulk RNA-seq samples to explore expression patterns of 19,156 genes, including 10,512 cancer tissue samples and 740 normal samples. Additionally, 4,884 single-cell RNA-seq samples are examined. Statistical analysis using 16 probability distributions shows that normal samples display a wider range of distributions compared to cancer samples. Cancer samples tend to favor asymmetric distributions such as generalized extreme value, logarithmic normal, and Gaussian mixture distributions. In contrast, certain genes in normal samples exhibit symmetric distributions. Remarkably, more than 95.5% of genes exhibit non-normal distributions, which challenges traditional assumptions. Furthermore, distributions differ significantly between bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data. Many cancer driver genes exhibit distinct distribution patterns across sample types, suggesting potential for gene selection and classification based on distribution characteristics. A novel skewness-based metric is proposed to quantify distribution variation across datasets, showing genes with significant skewness differences have biological relevance. Finally, an improved naïve Bayes method incorporating gene-specific distributions demonstrates superior performance in simulations over traditional methods. This work enhances understanding of gene expression and its application in omics-based gene selection and sample classification.
DynaCT biliary reconstruction via a 3D C-arm cholangiography system: clinical application in hepatolithiasis
Authors: Cao Ya-Wen , Chen Dong-qiao , Lin Jie-Long , Ding Zhao-Wei , Li Pei-Heng , Li Rong-Qi , Ye Yong-Qing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Dyna computed tomography (DynaCT) is an innovative clinical imaging tool used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of biliary structures via the Artis Zee DSA system (SIEMENS Company, Germany). DynaCT is a type of 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction produced from a two-dimensional (2D) cholangiography system by rotating the C-arm without moving the patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical approach and application value of DynaCT to diagnosis hepatolithiasis and biliary stenosis.

Methods
This was a retrospective single-centre series of 37 hepatolithiasis patients with tubes receiving one-step percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy (one-step PTCSL) between October 2021 and October 2022: twenty-one patients were guided by CT (CT group) and sixteen by DynaCT biliary reconstruction (DynaCT group). We compared DynaCT biliary reconstruction technology with computed tomography (CT) in the application of bile ducts.

Results
DynaCT biliary reconstruction was successfully performed in 37 patients. Biliary stenosis, including anatomy, morphology, and size, was visualized via DynaCT. Compared with the CT group, the DynaCT group was characterized by significantly more target biliary branches with stones (92 vs. 48, P &lt; 0.05), a higher percentage of secondary stenosis (75.76% vs. 24.24%, p &lt; 0.05), a greater percentage of biliary infection (37.5% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.041), a shorter overall stone clearance time (26.38 ± 13.49 vs. 52.67 ± 30.10, P = 0.001), and a lower rate of reoperation for residual stones (25.00% vs. 66.67%, P = 0.012). DynaCT had a lower contrast agent (25.61 ± 5.13 vs. 42.69 ± 11.15, p &lt; 0.05). However, DynaCT increased radiation exposure (38.12 ± 10.59 vs. 25.79 ± 4.76, p &lt; 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding the clearance ratio of the calculus or several postoperative complications.

Conclusion
DynaCT for biliary reconstruction has the potential to be a powerful evaluation tool for one-step PTCSL surgery and could lead to new possibilities for hepatobiliary surgery.

Advances in knowledge
DynaCT was used for the first time in patients with hepatolithiasis and biliary stenosis. Compared with CT, DynaCT for biliary reconstruction results in higher-quality 3D biliary, blood vessel and liver images. On the basis of the DynaCT biliary model, one-step PTCSL has the potential to improve the stone clearance ratio and shorten the stone clearance time and reoperation ratio.
Reduced brain oxygen response to spreading depolarization predicts worse outcome in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Hecht Nils , Haddad Daisy , Neumann Konrad , Schumm Leonie , Dengler Nora F , Wessels Lars , Dömer Patrick , Helgers Simeon , Meinert Franziska , Major Sebastian , Lemale Coline L , Dreier Jens P , Vajkoczy Peter , Woitzik Johannes 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) describes a propagating neuronal mass depolarization within the cerebral cortex that represents a mediator of infarct development and strongly stimulates the metabolic rate of O2 consumption. Here, we investigated the influence of Spreading Depolarization (SD) on brain tissue partial pressure of O2 (ptiO2) within the peri-infarct tissue of patients suffering malignant hemispheric stroke (MHS).
This prospective observational trial included 25 patients with MHS that underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy followed by subdural placement of electrodes for electrocorticography (ECoG) and neighboring implantation of a ptiO2 probe within the peri-infarcted cortex. Continuous side-by-side ECoG + ptiO2 recordings were obtained for 3-6 days postoperatively and analyzed for the occurrence of SD-independent and SD-coupled ptiO2 changes, radiological findings, as well as their association with clinical outcome at 6 months.
During the combined ECoG + ptiO2 monitoring period of 2,604 hours and among 1,022 SDs, 483 (47%) SD-coupled ptiO2 variations were identified as biphasic (59%), hypoxic (36%) or hyperoxic (5%) ptiO2 responses that differed significantly (*p&lt;0.0001). Among the remaining 538/1,022 (53%) SDs, no SD-coupled ptiO2 response was detected, which we categorized as ‘No response’. The overall infarct progression was 1.7% (IQR -2.5–10.9). Spreading Depolarization characteristics regarding type, duration and frequency, as well as SD-independent baseline ptiO2 had no association with outcome. In contrast, a high occurrence rate and amplitude of SD-coupled variations in ptiO2 were associated with improved outcome at 6 months (occurrence: r=-0.62, *p=0.035; amplitude: r=-0.57, *p=0.024; Spearman correlation).
In conclusion, an absent or reduced ptiO2 response to SD could indicate tissue-at-risk and help direct targeted treatment strategies in ischemic stroke, which is further evidence that not all SDs are the same, but that tissue responses coupled to SD such as ptiO2 contain prognostic information. In particular, a lack of SD-coupled ptiO2 variations appears to be a predictor of worse outcome in large hemispheric stroke.
Local and interareal alpha and low-beta band oscillation dynamics underlie the bilateral field advantage in visual working memory
Authors: Sattelberger Judith , Haque Hamed , Juvonen Joonas J , Siebenhühner Felix , Palva Jaakko Matias , Palva Satu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Visual working memory has a limited maximum capacity, which can be larger if stimuli are presented bilaterally vs. unilaterally. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying this bilateral field advantage are not known. Visual working memory capacity is predicted by oscillatory delay-period activity, specifically, by a decrease in alpha (8 to 12 Hz) band amplitudes in posterior brain regions reflecting attentional deployment and related shifts in excitation, as well as a concurrent increase of prefrontal oscillation amplitudes and interareal synchronization in multiple frequencies reflecting active maintenance of information. Here, we asked whether posterior alpha suppression or prefrontal oscillation enhancement explains the bilateral field advantage. We recorded brain activity with high-density electroencephalography, while subjects (n = 26, 14 males) performed a visual working memory task with uni- and bilateral visual stimuli. The bilateral field advantage was associated with early suppression of low-alpha (6 to 10 Hz) and alpha–beta (10 to 17 Hz) band amplitudes, and a subsequent alpha–beta amplitude increase, which, along with a concurrent load-dependent interareal synchronization in the high-alpha band (10 to 15 Hz), correlated with hit rates and reaction times and thus predicted higher maximum capacities in bilateral than unilateral visual working memory. These results demonstrate that the electrophysiological basis of the bilateral field advantage in visual working memory is both in the changes in attentional deployment and enhanced interareal integration.