bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transferrin‐bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Sakpakdeejaroen Intouch , Somani Sukrut , Laskar Partha , Mullin Margaret , Dufès Christine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of plumbagin, a naphthoquinone extracted from the officinal leadwort with anticancer properties, is hampered by its failure to specifically reach tumours at a therapeutic concentration after intravenous administration, without secondary effects on normal tissues. Its use in clinic is further limited by its poor aqueous solubility, its spontaneous sublimation, and its rapid elimination in vivo. We hypothesize that the entrapment of plumbagin within liposomes grafted with transferrin, whose receptors are overexpressed on many cancer cells, could result in a selective delivery to tumours after intravenous administration. The objectives of this study were therefore to prepare and characterize transferrin‐targeted liposomes entrapping plumbagin and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The entrapment of plumbagin in transferrin‐bearing liposomes led to an increase in plumbagin uptake by cancer cells and improved antiproliferative efficacy and apoptosis activity in B16‐F10, A431, and T98G cell lines compared with that observed with the drug solution. In vivo, the intravenous injection of transferrin‐bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin led to tumour suppression for 10% of B16‐F10 tumours and tumour regression for a further 10% of the tumours. By contrast, all the tumours treated with plumbagin solution or left untreated were progressive. The animals did not show any signs of toxicity. Transferrin‐bearing liposomes entrapping plumbagin are therefore highly promising therapeutic systems that should be further optimized as a therapeutic tool for cancer treatment.
Gross intestinal morphometry and allometry in ruminants
Authors: McGrosky Amanda , Codron Daryl , Müller Dennis W. H. , Navarrete Ana , Isler Karin , Hofmann Reinhold R. , Clauss Marcus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile some descriptions of ruminants' dietary adaptations suggest that the length of the intestinal tract reflects the proportion of grass or browse in the diet, this assumption has been questioned. We collated data on body mass (BM), as well as small intestine, caecum, colon/rectum, large and total intestine length in 68 ruminant species, and, while accounting for the phylogenetic structure of the dataset, evaluated both allometric scaling and the potential influence of diet, digestive physiology or climate proxies on measures of intestine length. Intestinal length generally scaled to BM at an exponent higher than the 0.33 expected due to geometry. Diet or digestive physiology proxies did not have an influence on any intestinal length measures, though some proxies indicating more arid natural habitats were positively correlated with measures of the large intestine. The relative size of a forestomach compartment, the omasum, was negatively correlated with intestine length. The results indicate that intestine length measures provide little indication of feeding type or digestive physiology, but rather indicate adaptations to aridity. Higher‐than‐geometry scaling of intestinal length may be related to the necessity of maintaining geometric (or metabolic) scaling of intestinal surface area while keeping gut diameter, and hence the diffusion distances, small. The way in which space trade‐offs determine the macroanatomy of different organs in the abdominal cavity, such as the omasum and the intestine, deserves further investigation.
The Effect of Fractional CO2 Laser Treatment on the Symptoms of Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions: Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory‐20 Questionnaire
Authors: Sipos Attila Gergely , Kozma Bence , Poka Robert , Larson Kindra , Takacs Peter 
Published: June 2019

Background and ObjectivesTo assess the improvement on pelvic floor distress (PFD)‐related urogenital symptoms using validated questionnaires after intravaginal CO2 laser treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsForty postmenopausal women with genitourinary symptoms of menopause (GSM) were enrolled into this prospective cohort study and underwent vaginal laser treatment using MonaLisa Touch® fractional CO
2 laser system. Patients received three vaginal laser treatments with 360° probe 4 weeks apart. A three‐component Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI‐20) validated questionnaire was filled out by each patient before each session and 4 weeks after the final treatment. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the before and after treatment scores.ResultsPelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory (POPDI‐6) scores were not significantly different after the first treatment compared with baseline (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 21 ± 18 vs. 17 ± 15, P = 0.44). However, each subsequent treatment resulted in further, statistically significant improvement in symptom scores (14 ± 15, P = 0.03 and 13 ± 13, P = 0.01, after the second and third treatments, respectively). Similarly, Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) scores were not significantly different after the first laser treatment (mean ± SD, 36 ± 25 vs. 29 ± 23, P = 0.36). After the second and third treatments there were significant improvement in the standardized scores (24 ± 20, P = 0.03 and 22 ± 21, P = 0.01). Colorectal‐Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI‐8) scores did not change significantly after three laser treatments.ConclusionsThree sessions of microablative fractional CO2 vaginal laser treatment significantly improves patient reported urinary and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting physical activity among urban adolescent girls: A test of the health promotion model
Authors: Voskuil Vicki R. , Robbins Lorraine B. , Pierce Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test hypothesized relationships of the health promotion model (HPM) as a means of predicting moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among urban, adolescent girls. A secondary analysis of baseline data from a group randomized controlled trial was conducted. The study involved eight urban schools in the Midwestern United States. The sample included girls (N = 517) in the 5th–8th grades. Data were collected on age, body mass index, pubertal status, enjoyment, self‐efficacy, social support, options for physical activity (PA), and commitment to PA. MVPA was measured via accelerometers worn by the girls for 7 days. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze study aims. Mean age of the sample was 11.8 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0). Girls attained an average of 3.0 (SD = 1.2) minutes per hour of MVPA. Self‐efficacy had a positive direct (β = .337; p < .001) and total effect (β = .310; p < .001) on MVPA. Social support and options for PA were not significant predictors of commitment to PA or MVPA. Commitment to PA had a negative but nonsignificant effect (β = −.056; p = .357) on MVPA. The model predicted 10.1% of the variance in MVPA with 9.6% of the variance predicted by self‐efficacy. Limitations include lack of longitudinal analysis and inability to generalize the results to other populations such as boys. PA self‐efficacy continues to emerge as a significant predictor of MVPA in the HPM. Continued theory testing is needed to better understand the correlates and determinants of PA among adolescent girls before designing theory‐based interventions to promote PA.
A reevaluation of bird taxonomic identifications at Contact‐ and historic‐era North American sites
Authors: Watson Jessica E. , Ledogar Sarah Heins 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDomestic chickens (Gallus domesticus) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are identified more frequently than other bird species in bone assemblages from historic sites in North America. Recent studies on the effectiveness of metric data for identification of galliform bones found high degrees of similarity in size and morphology between wild game birds (e.g., grouse and ptarmigan) and multiple domestic or introduced species (e.g., chicken and pheasant). This finding suggests that wild taxa and less common domesticates may have been misidentified as chicken and as a result are underrepresented in these historic datasets. In this paper, we evaluate the precision of bird taxonomic identifications from five Contact‐ and historic‐era sites in New York State, comparing the initial taxon designations recorded in site reports with our new identifications derived from a combination of comparative morphological and osteometric analyses. After our analysis of the assemblages, game bird diversity at most of the sites expanded, as did the prevalence of other orders (e.g., Anseriformes and Strigiformes). The updated identifications highlight the diversity of birds used in historic contexts and the importance of combining multiple analytical methods to increase accuracy.
A Benchmark of Density Functional Approximations For Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Hydride Reductions of Cyclohexanones
Authors: Deraet Xavier , Woller Tatiana , Van Lommel Ruben , De Proft Frank , Verniest Guido , Alonso Mercedes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe performance of density functionals and wavefunction methods for describing the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydride reductions of 2‐substituted cyclohexanones has been evaluated for the first time. A variety of exchange correlation functionals ranging from generalized gradient approximations to double hybrids have been tested and their performance to describe the facial selectivity of hydride reductions of cyclohexanones has been carefully assessed relative to the CCSD(T) method. Among the tested methods, an approach in which single‐point energy calculations using the double hybrid B2PLYP−D3 functional on ωB97X−D optimized geometries provides the most accurate transition state energies for these kinetically‐controlled reactions. Moreover, the role of torsional strain, temperature, solvation, noncovalent interactions on the stereoselectivity of these reductions was elucidated. Our results indicate a prominent role of the substituent on thecis/transratios driven by the delicate interplay between torsional strain and dispersion interactions.
Acylation Reactions of Dibenzo‐7‐phosphanorbornadiene: DFT Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractExtensive DFT calculations provide deep mechanistic insights into the acylation reactions of tert‐butyl dibenzo‐7‐phosphanobornadiene with PhCOX (X=Cl, Br, I, OTf) in CH2Cl2 solution. Such reactions are initialized by the nucleophilic P⋅⋅⋅C attack to the carbonyl group to form the acylphosphonium intermediate A+ together with X− anion, followed either by nucleophilic X−⋅⋅⋅P attack (X=Cl, Br, and I) toward A+ to eliminate anthracene or by slow rearrangement or decomposition of A+ (X=OTf). In contrast to the first case (X=Cl) that is rate‐limited by the initial P⋅⋅⋅C attack, other reactions are rate‐limited by the second X−⋅⋅⋅P attack for X=Br and I and even thermodynamically prevented for X=OTf, leading to isolable phosphonium salts. The rearrangement of phosphonium A+ is initiated by a P‐C bond cleavage, followed either by sequential proton‐shifts to form anthracenyl acylphosphonium or by deprotonation with additional base Et3N to form neutral anthracenyl acylphosphine. Our DFT results strongly support the separated acylphosphonium A+ as the key reaction intermediate that may be useful for the transfer of acylphosphenium in general.
Ultra‐fast retroactive processing of liquid chromatography high‐resolution full‐scan Orbitrap mass spectrometry data in anti‐doping screening of human urine
Authors: Lommen Arjen , Elaradi Abdurzag , Vonaparti Ariadni , Blokland Marco , Nielen Michel W. , Saad Khadija Ali , Abushreeda Wadha Masoud , Horvatovich Peter , Al‐Muraikhi Amal Essa , Al‐Maadheed Mohammed , Georgakopoulos Costas 
Published: June 2019

RationaleRetroactive analysis of previously tested urine samples has become an important sports anti‐doping tool. Retroactive reprocessing of old data files acquired from a generic screening procedure can reveal detection of initially unknown substances, like illegal drugs and newly identified metabolites.MethodsTo be able to efficiently search through hundreds to thousands of liquid chromatography high‐resolution full‐scan Orbitrap mass spectrometry data files of anti‐doping samples, a combination of MetAlign and HR_MS_Search software has been developed. MetAlign reduced the data size ca 100‐fold making possible local storage of a massive volume of data.ResultsThe newly developed HR_MS_Search module can search through the reduced data files for new compounds (mass or isotope pattern) defined by mass windows and retention time windows. A search for 33 analytes in 940 reduced data files lasted 10 s. The output of the automatic search was compared to the standard manual routine evaluation. The results of searching were evaluated in terms of false negatives and false positives. The newly banned b2‐agonist higenamine and its metabolite coclaurine were successfully searched in reduced data files originating from a testing period for which these substances were not banned, as an example of retroactive analysis.ConclusionsThe freeware MetAlign software and its automatic searching module HR_MS_Search facilitated the retroactive reprocessing of reduced full‐scan high‐resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry screening data files and created a new tool in anti‐doping laboratories' network.
Hydrotreatment of Anisole and Furfural as Model Compounds of Bio‐oil over Chromium Modified Nickel‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Smirnov Andrey A. , Shilov Ivan N. , Bulavchenko Olga A. , Saraev Andrey A. , Yakovlev Vadim A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrotreatment of anisole and furfural as model compounds of carbohydrates and lignin fraction of pyrolysis liquids was studied using Cr‐containing (from 0 to 18 wt%) Ni‐based sol‐gel catalysts. The catalytic activity of Ni−Cr catalysts was carried out in the autoclave at pressure 6.0 MPa of hydrogen and temperature 320 °C and 100 °C for anisole and furfural hydrotreatment, respectively. Addition of Cr to Ni‐SiO2 catalyst results in increasing activity in anisole conversion with the maximum for NiCr10‐SiO2 catalyst. This is attributed to the formation of dispersed metallic Ni detected by X‐ray diffraction method. Moreover, the Cr addition increases the corrosion resistance of samples in the medium of acetic acid at boiling temperature. In furfural conversion, the Cr‐doped catalysts showed the lowest activity, however, for NiCr10‐SiO2 catalyst the high selectivity to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol formation was observed.
Ternary Composite of g‐C3N4/ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Yang Nannan , Hu Pengfei , Chen Changchun , Wang Yifeng , Pan Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA ternary composite of g‐C3N4/ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Structural and optical properties of the as‐synthesized composites were characterized and the photocatalytic performances were evaluated via the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. Results showed that this ternary composite exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity compared to the binary ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 systems in this research. The enhanced activity could be attributed to the stepped arrangement of the band structures of its components which enabled electron transfer from g‐C3N4 to ZnFe2O4 then to Fe2O3 through the potential gradient, thus facilitating the charge separation and retarding their recombination. Moreover, the g‐C3N4/ZnFe2O4/Fe2O3 exhibited stable photochemical performance without obvious deterioration after five successive runs, while the ternary composites could be conveniently separated by using an external magnetic field, showing a promising application for the photo‐oxidative degradation of organic contaminants.
Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbon Prepared from Egg White for High‐performance Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Zhu Ying , Fang Tingting , Hua Junqiang , Qiu Shujun , Chu Hailiang , Zou Yongjin , Xiang Cuili , Huang Pengru , Zhang Kexiang , Lin Xiangcheng , Yan Erhu , Zhang Huanzhi , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian , Zeng Ju‐Lan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing egg white as raw material, the activated carbon materials with nitrogen doping were synthesized by a two‐step method involving carbonization and activation. Structure characterization showed this porous carbon had a three‐dimensional honeycomb structure composed of interconnected micropores and mesopores, which resulted in a high specific surface area of 2918 m2 g−1. Due to KOH activation, the appropriate ratio of micropore to mesopore could optimize the diffusion channel of electrolyte ion and increase the contact area between electrolyte and electrode. Thus the egg white‐derived porous carbon (EWC) showed outstanding electrochemical properties as supercapacitor electrode. In three‐electrode system, a high specific capacitance of 335 F g−1 could be achieved at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, and only 8.3% of capacitance was lost after 10000 cycles. For the symmetrical supercapacitor fabricated with as‐prepared carbon material, it exhibited a specific capacitance of 68 F g−1 and a maximum energy density of 13.6 W h kg−1.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Coumarin‐fused Pyrimidines from 4‐Aminocoumarins via Pseudo Four‐component Reaction
Authors: Chen Jing , Ouyang Chu‐Hao , Xiao Ting , Jiang Hu , Li Jiang‐Sheng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn efficient pseudo four‐component procedure for the construction of chromeno[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐5‐ones, a type of coumarin‐fused pyrimidines, from 4‐aminocoumarins, two molecules of aromatic aldehydes and ammonium iodide under metal‐free conditions is developed. The coumarin‐pyrimidine hybrids readily undergo sequential hydrolysis and alkylation to give all‐carbon substituted pyrimidines in excellent yields. One‐pot synthesis of pyrimidines from readily available 4‐aminocoumarins and other commodity chemicals is exemplified.
Covalent Organic Framework Derived Boron/Oxygen Codoped Porous Carbon on CNTs as an Efficient Sulfur Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Xiudong , Xu Yanjun , Du Fei‐Hu , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBoron/oxygen co‐doped carbons (BOC) have great potentials as sulfur host materials for lithium–sulfur batteries, because they can increase electronic conductivity and anchor polysulfides. However, the doping interface as a key chemically active site still lacks in‐depth understanding owing to the difficulty in design at the molecular scale. Herein, the BOC network derived from covalent organic framework (COF) is prepared on the surface of CNTs via rational design of the organic condensation reaction. This strategy enables boron and oxygen heteroatoms to be uniformly doped throughout porous carbon because of the uniformly‐distributed two elements in the COF precursor. Thereby, the BOC matrix is demonstrated to play a pivotal role in promoting the chemical absorption of polysulfides and enhancing cycling stability. The BOC@CNT with 68.5% sulfur shows superior lithium polysulfides absorptivity and displays superior electrochemical performances as a cathode for Li–S batteries, including a large reversible capacity (1077 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C), and outstanding cycling stability (794 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C). The demonstrated strategy for fabricating BOC network by COF precursor for Li–S batteries provides a new approach to rationally design uniform heteroatom interfaces for good electrochemical performances.
Maternal exposure to triclosan causes fetal development restriction, deregulation of the oestrous cycle, and alters uterine tissue in rat offspring
Authors: Bitencourt Guilherme , Fortunato Eduardo D. , Panis Carolina , Amorim Elaine M. P. , de Arruda Amorim João P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure to triclosan (TCS) during pregnancy and lactation on the uterine morphology of rat offspring. For this, 32 Wistar rat dams were distributed into four dose groups (eight mothers per group), and gavage daily, throughout pregnancy and lactation, as follows: Group I–control (GI): corn oil; Group II (GII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 75 mg/kg/d; Group III (GIII): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 150 mg/kg/d; Group IV (GIV): TCS diluted in corn oil at a dose of 300 mg/kg/d. A female pup of each mother was selected, and at 90 days the pups were euthanized for weighing and collection of the uterus for histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the mean litter weight was minor in all the groups treated with TCS, when compared with control. The levels thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in TCS mother rats were reduced; however the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were increases. The offspring of all groups exposed to TCS presented deregulation of the estrous cycle, compared with control. Analysis of the uterine histological structure demonstrated that all layers of the uterus were affected by the administration of TCS, and the morphometric analysis showed increased uterine layers thickness in the treated groups. We concluded that maternal exposure to TCS during pregnancy and lactation causes intrauterine development restriction, deregulation of the oestrous cycle, and alters uterine tissue in rat offspring.
The consolidation of nanomedicine
Authors: Zingg Raphael , Fischer Marius 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOver the past two decades, nanomedicine has grown steadily, however, without inducing a palpable shift in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases so far. While this may simply be a consequence of the slow, incremental nature that characterizes many modern technologies, this article posits that there is another set of significant factors harboring explanatory power. Uncertainties concerning safety, regulatory, and ethical requirements may have prompted innovators to stay close to the known and approved, eventually at the cost of innovating in unexplored alleys. Network analysis of all nanomedicine patents in the United States reveals that nanomedicine has indeed rather consolidated than expanded. We detail a set of recommendations that would reduce the uncertainty prevailing in nanomedicine and could contribute to pushing new boundaries.This article is categorized under:
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Performance and job creation among self-employed immigrants and natives in Sweden
Authors: Neuman Emma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper uses individual-level panel data for all self-employed in the retail and service sectors to study how immigrant- and native-owned firms perform and contribute to job creation in Sweden. We use an individual fixed-effects model to explore how self-employment outcomes among immigrants and natives evolve with self-employment experience. The advantage of our approach is that it enables estimations of the returns to self-employment experience while controlling for unobservable time-constant individual factors. The results show that profits increase with self-employment experience and at a faster rate among immigrant men and women than for their native counterparts. Turnover and the likelihood of having employees both increase with experience and in a similar magnitude for immigrants and natives.