bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Models for Healing of the Subduction Interface Based on Observations of Ancient Accretionary Complexes
Authors: Fisher D. M. , Smye A. J. , Marone C. , van Keken P. E. , Yamaguchi A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSand‐shale mélanges from the Kodiak accretionary complex and Shimanto belt of Japan record deformation during underthrusting along a paleosubduction interface in the range 150 to 350 °C. We use observations from these mélanges to construct a simple kinetic model that estimates the maximum time required to seal a single fracture as a measure of the rate of fault zone healing. Crack sealing involves diffusive redistribution of Si from mudstones with scaly fabric to undersaturated fluid‐filled cracks in sandstone blocks. Two driving forces are considered for the chemical potential gradient that drives crack sealing: (1) a transient drop in fluid pressure ∆Pf, and (2) a difference in mean stress between scaly slip surfaces in mudstones and cracks in stronger sandstone blocks. Sealing times are more sensitive to mean stress than ∆Pf, with up to four orders of magnitude faster sealing. Sealing durations are dependent on crack spacing, silica diffusion kinetics, and magnitude of the strength contrast between block and matrix, each of which is loosely constrained for conditions relevant to the seismogenic zone. We apply the model to three active subduction zones and find that sealing rates are fastest along Cascadia and several orders of magnitude slower for a given depth along Nicaragua and Tohoku slab‐top geotherms. The model provides (1) a framework for geochemical processes that influence subduction mechanics via crack sealing and shear fabric development and (2) demonstration that kinetically driven mass redistribution during the interseismic period is a plausible mechanism for creating asperities along smooth, sediment‐dominated convergent margins.
Authigenic Mineral Texture in Submarine 1979 Basalt Drill Core, Surtsey Volcano, Iceland
Authors: Jackson M. D. , Couper S. , Stan C. V. , Ivarsson M. , Czabaj M. W. , Tamura N. , Parkinson D. , Miyagi L. M. , Moore J. G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrometer‐scale maps of authigenic microstructures in submarine basaltic tuff from a 1979 Surtsey volcano, Iceland, drill core acquired 15 years after eruptions terminated describe the initial alteration of oceanic basalt in a low‐temperature hydrothermal system. An integrative investigative approach uses synchrotron source X‐ray microdiffraction, microfluoresence, micro‐computed tomography, and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy to create finely resolved spatial frameworks that record a continuum of alteration in glass and olivine. Microanalytical maps of vesicular and fractured lapilli in specimens from 157.1‐, 137.9‐, and 102.6‐m depths and borehole temperatures of 83, 93.9, and 141.3 °C measured in 1980, respectively, describe the production of nanocrystalline clay mineral, zeolites, and Al‐tobermorite in diverse microenvironments. Irregular alteration fronts at 157.1‐m depth resemble microchannels associated with biological activity in older basalts. By contrast, linear microstructures with little resemblance to previously described alteration features have nanocrystalline clay mineral (nontronite) and zeolite (amicite) texture. The crystallographic preferred orientation rotates around an axis parallel to the linear feature. Raman spectra indicating degraded and poorly ordered carbonaceous matter of possible biological origin are associated with nanocrystalline clay mineral in a crystallographically oriented linear microstructure in altered olivine at 102.6 m and with subcircular nanoscale cavities in altered glass at 137.9‐m depth. Although evidence for biotic processes is inconclusive, the integrated analyses describe the complex organization of previously unrecognized mineral texture in very young basalt. They provide a foundational mineralogical reference for longitudinal, time‐lapse characterizations of palagonitized basalt in oceanic environments.
Computation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Two‐Dimensional Structures of Arbitrary Shape: Derivation and Matlab Implementation
Authors: Kravchinsky Vadim A. , Hnatyshin Danny , Lysak Benjamin , Alemie Wubshet 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe very first computational and most referred in the literature algorithm of Talwani and Heirtzler (1964) for calculating of the magnetic anomaly caused by two‐dimensional irregular shape subsurface structure has particular fundamental and educational significance in geophysics theory. We re‐derive this algorithm from first principles and discuss previous derivation omissions. Our resulting solution differs from the original publication. Based on our new solution we present the two‐dimensional forward magnetic modeling software and associated tutorials which are available for download from the website www.ualberta.ca/~vadim/software.htm. Additionally, we include the computation of the remnant magnetization which can be found using already published apparent polar wonder paths.
Improved Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation in E3SM With a Revised Convective Triggering Function
Authors: Xie Shaocheng , Wang Yi‐Chi , Lin Wuyin , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Tang Qi , Tang Shuaiqi , Zheng Xue , Golaz Jean‐Christophe , Zhang Guang J. , Zhang Minghua 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe revise the convective triggering function in Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1) by introducing a dynamic constraint on the initiation of convection that emulates the collective dynamical effects to prevent convection from being triggered too frequently and allowing air parcels to launch above the boundary layer to capture nocturnal elevated convection. The former is referred to as the dynamic Convective Available Potential Energy (dCAPE) trigger and the latter as the Unrestricted Launch Level (ULL) trigger. Compared to the original trigger in EAMv1 that initiates convection whenever CAPE is larger than a threshold, the revised trigger substantially improves the simulated diurnal cycle of precipitation over both midlatitude and tropical lands. The nocturnal peak of precipitation and the eastward propagation of convection downstream of the Rockies and over the adjacent Great Plains are much better captured than those in the default model. The overall impact on mean precipitation is minor with some notable improvements over the Indo‐Western Pacific, subtropical Pacific and Atlantic, and South America. In general, the dCAPE trigger helps to better capture late afternoon rainfall peak, while ULL is key to capturing nocturnal elevated convection and the eastward propagation of convection. The dCAPE trigger also primarily contributes to the considerable reduction of convective precipitation over subtropical regions and the frequency of light‐to‐moderate precipitation occurrence. However, no clear improvement is seen in intense convection and the amplitude of diurnal precipitation.
Superwideband multi‐half‐loop antenna for measurements and communication purposes with robust power‐handling capability
Authors: Borowiec R. 
Published: June 2019

This Letter presents a multi‐half‐loop wideband antenna operating over a ground plane. The proposed structure has a voltage standing wave ratio <2 in the frequency range of 0.95–12.5 GHz (171%). One important attribute of this antenna is robust power‐handling, combined with a super‐wide operating bandwidth. The structure's simplicity allows robustness and easily predictable radiation properties, beneficial for several measurement systems. The antenna can be easily optimised by 4NEC2 freeware. To manufacture the antenna, only the simple mechanical treatment of metal is necessary.
Nature of the unusual transient AT 2018cow from HI observations of its host galaxy
Authors: Michałowski Michał J. , Kamphuis P. , Hjorth J. , Kann D. A. , de Ugarte Postigo A. , Galbany L. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Ghosh A. , Hunt L. K. , Kuncarayakti H. , Le Floc’h E. , Leśniewska A. , Misra K. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Palazzi E. , Rasmussen J. , Resmi L. , Rossi A. , Savaglio S. , Schady P. , Schulze S. , Thöne C. C. , Watson D. , Józsa G. I. G. , Serra P. , Smirnov O. M. 
Published: June 2019

Context.Unusual stellar explosions represent an opportunity to learn about both stellar and galaxy evolution. Mapping the atomic gas in host galaxies of such transients can lead to an understanding of the conditions that trigger them.Aims.We provide resolved atomic gas observations of the host galaxy, CGCG137-068, of the unusual and poorly understood transient AT 2018cow, which we obtained in searching for clues to understand its nature. We test whether it is consistent with a recent inflow of atomic gas from the intergalactic medium, as suggested for host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and some supernovae (SNe).Methods.We observed the HIhyperfine structure line of the AT 2018cow host with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope.Results.There is no unusual atomic gas concentration near the position of AT 2018cow. The gas distribution is much more regular than the distributions of GRB/SN hosts. The AT 2018cow host has an atomic gas mass lower by 0.24 dex than predicted from its star formation rate (SFR) and is at the lower edge of the galaxy main sequence. In the continuum we detected the emission of AT 2018cow and of a star-forming region in the north-eastern part of the bar (away from AT 2018cow). This region hosts a third of the galaxy’s SFR.Conclusions.The absence of atomic gas concentration close to AT 2018cow, along with a normal SFR and regular HIvelocity field, sets CGCG137-068 apart from GRB/SN hosts studied in HI. The environment of AT 2018cow therefore suggests that its progenitor may not have been a massive star. Our findings are consistent with an origin of the transient that does not require a connection between its progenitor and gas concentration or inflow: an exploding low-mass star, a tidal disruption event, a merger of white dwarfs, or a merger between a neutron star and a giant star. We interpret the recently reported atomic gas ring in CGCG 137-068 as a result of internal processes connected with gravitational resonances caused by the bar.
Performance of older adults with hearing loss on the staggered spondaic word test – Spanish version (SSW-SV)
Authors: Cañete Oscar M. , Almasio Viviana , Torrente Mariela C. , Purdy Suzanne C. 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
The aim of the current study is to assess the performance of the staggered spondaic word Spanish Version (SSW-SV) in a group of older adults with bilateral hearing loss.

Materials and methods:
A retrospective review was undertaken of medical records of adults seen at the ENT Department of the Hospital Padre Hurtado in Santiago, Chile. Ninety-six adults were included in the study (M = 65.3 years, SD 15.9). Pure tone audiometry and the SSW-SV were administered. All participants presented with a bilateral symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss. Uncorrected (RSSW) and corrected (CSSW) errors scores were obtained. Participants were allocated into four groups as a function of age; (a) younger (aged 20–59 years); and three older age groups in their (b) 60s; (c) 70s; and (d) 80s.

Results:
There were correlations between RSSW/CSSW errors scores and hearing loss, indicating that increased errors were associated with a higher degree of hearing loss (>50 dB HL). No significant differences in performance between younger and 60s group participants were observed, whereas the older groups had more variable performance (70s and 80s groups). RSSW/CSSW total errors scores become higher with age, however significant group differences (for the competing conditions) were only observed in the older groups (70s and 80s). About 50% of the sample did not show significant order nor ear effects.

Conclusions:
The SSW-SV is a useful tool to describe the dichotic listening abilities of older adults with hearing loss and can be administered to people with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.
Total hip templating using a marker ball (vs. 21% magnification): no difference in accuracy but increase in potential harm
Authors: Manrique Jorge , Battenberg Andrew , Foltz Carol , Goswami Karan , Hozack William J. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Digital templating for total hip arthroplasty (THA) can help plan the surgical procedure. Magnification marker balls (MB), placed at the time of a digital radiograph have become an acceptable technique to assist with templating despite lack of evidence that they add accuracy. We compared templating accuracy using a standard 21% magnification technique versus a MB.

Methods:
Two blinded evaluators independently performed retrospective templating on 50 consecutive THA patients. Inter-rater reliability was assessed with interclass correlation coefficients and did not differ across techniques. Accuracy between each templating technique and final implant size was evaluated using Pearson correlations, paired t-tests, and McNemar’s tests.

Results:
Correlations between final implant size and template estimates were significant and did not differ between techniques. Absolute differences between final size and template estimates also did not differ. Both techniques had equal accuracy within one size of implant size: acetabulum: 62% versus 66%, femur: 78% versus 72%. When differences between templating estimates and actual sizes were examined more minutely, MB yielded a greater rate of 1-size and 2-size larger errors, while 21% magnification yielded a higher rate of 1-size smaller errors.

Conclusions:
Digital templating using 21% magnification or MB were equally accurate. However, when finer discriminations were made between templating estimates and the final actual size, 21% magnification had better directional accuracy and the advantage of improved clinic efficiency. Using MB, the components tended to be over-estimated, particularly femoral components, which could have a substantial negative impact, especially if the surgeon is trying to match implant with template size.
First Place Award: A radiographic analysis of closed reduction and casting of distal radial fractures with consideration of candidacy
Authors: Trouw Arie G. , Mulchandani Neil B. , Kelly John J. , Eldib Ahmed M. , Shah Neil V. , Banning George K. , Chatterjee Dipal , Scollan Joseph P. , Yang Andrew , Kapadia Bhaveen H. , Diebo Bassel G. , Illical Emmanuel M. , Urban William P. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Distal radial fractures (DRF) are treated by internal fixation or closed reduction and casting (CRC). Over the years, various DRF classification systems and radiographic thresholds have been developed to guide management for orthopaedic surgeons, yet no gold standard has been established. This study sought to identify patients who presented with DRF and received treatment with CRC and determine if the process of selecting CRC-managed patients had improved by analyzing radiographic maintenance of reduction through final bone union.

Methods:
Retrospective review of a single-site database from 2012-2015 identified CRC-managed DRF with pre-CRC, post-CRC, and final-union radiographs. Outcomes compared included radial height (RH), radial inclination (RI), volar tilt (VT), teardrop angle (TDA), and ulnar variance (UV).

Results:
Post-CRC RH increased (7.5 to 10.4 mm, P<0.01) and regressed by 1.3 mm by union. RI increased (14.4 to 19.4 degrees, P<0.01) and returned to 17.3 degrees by union. Mean VT changed from −9.9 to 7.9 degrees (P<0.01) and to 1.1 degrees by union (P<0.05). TDA increased by union (34.1 to 44.5 degrees, P<0.01). UV changed from 1.2 to −0.2 mm (P<0.02) to 1.2 mm by union (P<0.01). At presentation the following parameters had differences when considering established favorable and unfavorable values at final-union: RH (9.58 vs. 5.26 mm), RI (16.9 vs. 8.1 degrees), and UV (0.4 vs. 3.9 mm) (all P<0.0005).

Conclusions:
Current literature demonstrated substantial variation in DRF management and expectations after CRC. This study revealed that RH greater than 9.5 mm and UV less than 3.8 mm at presentation were associated with successful reductions without functional deficit.
Does an Implant Usage Report Card Impact Orthopaedic Trauma Implant Stewardship?
Authors: Morellato John , Baker Mitchell , Isaac Marckenley , Mixa Patrick , O'Hara Nathan N. , Okike Kanu , Manson Theodore T. , LeBrun Christopher T. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Nascone Jason W. , O'Toole Robert V. , Sciadini Marcus F. , Pollak Andrew N. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
As hospitals seek to control variable expenses, orthopaedic surgeons have come under scrutiny because of relatively high implant costs. We aimed to determine whether feedback to surgeons regarding implant costs results in changes in implant selection.

Methods:
This study was undertaken at a statewide trauma referral center and included 6 fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons. A previously implemented implant stewardship program at our institution using a “red-yellow-green” (RYG) implant selection tool classifies 7 commonly used trauma implant constructs based on cost and categorizes each implant as red (used for patient-specific requirements, most expensive), yellow (midrange), and green (preferred vendor, least expensive). The constructs included were femoral intramedullary nail, tibial intramedullary nail, long and short cephalomedullary nails, distal femoral plate, proximal tibial plate, and lower-limb external fixator. Baseline implant usage from the previous year was obtained and provided to each surgeon. Each surgeon received a monthly feedback report containing individual implant utilization and overall ranking.

Results:
The overall RYG score increased from 68.7 to 79.1 of 100 (P < 0.001). Three of the 7 implants (tibial and femoral nails and lower-limb external fixation) had significant increases in their RYG scores; implant selections for the other 4 implants were not significantly altered. A decrease of 1.8% (95% confidence interval, 0.4–3.2, P = 0.01) was noted in overall implant costs over the study period.

Conclusion:
Our intervention resulted in changes in surgeons' implant selections and cost savings. However, surgeons were unwilling to change certain implants despite their being more expensive.
National Trends and Complications in the Surgical Management of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL)
Authors: Bernstein David N. , Prong Michelle , Kurucan Etka , Jain Amit , Menga Emmanuel N. , Riew K. Daniel , Mesfin Addisu 
Published: June 2019

Study Design.
A retrospective database analysis.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to analyze US trends in surgical approaches for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL); and to compare US patient and hospital characteristics, length of stay, total charges, and 30-day complications by surgical approach in OPLL management.

Summary of Background Data.
A robust literature on surgical management of OPLL in East Asian countries, where OPLL has a higher prevalence, exists. However, there is a paucity of literature evaluating the surgical management of OPLL in non-Asian countries.

Methods.
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), we identified surgically treated OPLL patients from 2003 to 2014. Data on patient characteristics, surgical approaches, complications, hospital characteristics, length of stay, and hospital charges were extracted and analyzed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-squared tests were used to assess variation across categorical variables. Linear regression was used to evaluate the trend of surgical management for OPLL over the study timeframe.

Results.
Five thousand two hundred twelve patients fit our inclusion criteria. The overall complication rate was 21.5%, but the highest complication rate was for patients undergoing a combined anterior-posterior decompression/fusion (44.7%). Patients undergoing a combined anterior-posterior decompression/fusion had a longer length of stay and higher total charges (P < 0.01). Overall, surgical OPLL cases significantly increased from 2003 to 2014 (336–920; P < 0.01).

Conclusion.
To our knowledge, this is the largest study examining the surgical treatment of OPLL in a non-Asian country. OPLL surgical cases increased over the study timeframe and the overall surgical complication rate was 21.5%. The percentage of Asians or Pacific Islanders with OPLL undergoing surgical intervention was 10.8%, which is higher than the prevalence in the US population (4.9%). This suggests a potential genetic component to OPLL. Future work is warranted to determine how best to decrease the high complication rate.

Level of Evidence: 4
Clinical Outcomes Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Stage I Medically Inoperable Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Singh Raj , Ansinelli Hayden , Sharma Dana , Jenkins Jan , Davis Joanne , Vargo John A. , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
To utilize the RSSearch Patient Registry (RSSPR) to examine local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and toxicities following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage I (T1-T2/N0) medically inoperable small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).

Materials and Methods:
We searched the RSSPR for medically inoperable stage I SCLC patients treated with definitive SBRT. Potential predictive factors of OS were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method as well as a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:
Twenty-one patients were identified with medically inoperable stage I SCLC that met inclusion criteria. Fourteen patients had stage IA SCLC (T1N0) and 7 patients had stage IB SCLC (T2N0) with a median gross tumor volume of 10.1 cm3 (range: 0.72 to 41.4 cm3). The median number of fractions was 4 (range: 3 to 5), and the median BED10 was 105.6 Gy10 (range: 72 to 239.7 Gy10). Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. One- and 2-year actuarial OS rates were 73.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.8%-90.1%) and 36.6% (95% CI: 9.0%-65.7%), respectively. Factors found to be associated with 1-year OS on univariate analysis included T2 disease (85.5% vs. 33.3%; P=0.03), adjuvant chemotherapy (100% vs. 66.3%; P=0.11), and gross tumor volume ≥10 cm3 (100% vs. 52.5%; P=0.10). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio=0.07 [95% CI: 0.13-0.37; P=0.002]). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year LC rates were 100%, and 1- and 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 85.7% (95% CI: 33.4-97.9%) and 42.9% (95% CI: 1.1-85.3%), respectively. Similar to OS, patients with T1N0 disease had superior PFS as compared to T2N0 disease (P=0.01). Toxicities were reported by 3/21 (14.3%) of patients with none ≥ grade 3 and no esophageal toxicities.

Conclusions:
SBRT was well-tolerated in the treatment of stage I SCLC with excellent LC achieved. Patients with T1N0 stage IA SCLC were noted to have improved PFS and OS following SBRT as compared with T2N0 Stage IB SCLC. Adjuvant chemotherapy was found to result in improved OS for stage I SCLC patients over SBRT alone.