bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Workplace, Social Work, and Social Justice: Framing an Emerging Research and Practice Agenda
Authors: Sabbath Erika L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Protecting the health and well-being of workers naturally aligns with the social work mission to advance human dignity. The workplace can both create and perpetuate health disparities by shaping health and well-being at multiple levels and in socially patterned ways. Yet workplace issues are rarely on social work research and practice agendas. This article serves as a call to action for social work, as a discipline, to engage with the workplace as a means of advancing the field's core values. It first provides evidence for why engagement with workplaces is critical for advancing social justice. It then presents evidence for the ways in which workplace exposures and experiences, at multiple levels, shape worker health and well-being. Finally, it provides concrete steps for how the skills and values of the social work profession can be applied to the workplace through research, practice, education, and policy efforts, and by extension improve population health and well-being.
Better Groundwork Can Avoid Troubled Waters: A Developing Country Perspective on Drowning
Authors: Samprathi Madhusudan , Agarwal Ashish , Jayashree Muralidharan , Bansal Arun , Baranwal Arun , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveDrowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury-related death in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study was undertaken to know the epidemiology, intensive care needs and predictors of outcome of children with drowning.MethodsRecords of children below 12 years admitted with drowning to the emergency room and/or paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital in North India were retrospectively analysed. ‘Favourable outcome’ was defined as normal neurological status at discharge (normal cognition and no motor deficits) and ‘unfavourable outcome’ as death or abnormal neurological status at discharge. Multivariable analysis was done for predictors of unfavourable outcome.ResultsTwenty-seven children were analyzed, 14 (51.8%) were boys. Median (IQR) age was 18 months (12–30). The median (IQR) duration of submersion was 4 min (3–9). Six children (22.2%) presented in pulseless arrest, and 7 (43.7%) had both hypoxaemia (saturation &lt;94% on room air) and encephalopathy (GCS &lt;13) at admission. Ten children (37%) were transferred to PICU; principal indications being hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) (n = 6) and ventilation (n = 4). One child died, four survived with sequalae. Predictors of unfavourable outcome on univariable analysis were hypoxaemia, or pulseless arrest at admission, HIE and need for mechanical ventilation; none of these could predict outcome on multivariable analysis.ConclusionHypoxaemia or pulseless arrest at admission, HIE and need for ventilation predict unfavourable outcome. Appropriate on-site resuscitation and early stabilization may improve outcome in children with drowning in LMIC.
Preconception Perceived Stress Is Associated with Reproductive Hormone Levels and Longer Time to Pregnancy
Authors: Schliep Karen C. , Mumford Sunni L. , Silver Robert M. , Wilcox Brian , Radin Rose G. , Perkins Neil J. , Galai Noya , Park Jihye , Kim Keewan , Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Plowden Torie , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Women who experience pregnancy loss are especially prone to high stress, though the effects of stress on reproductive outcomes in this vulnerable population are unknown. We assessed relationships between perceived stress and hormones, anovulation, and fecundability among women with prior loss.

Methods:
One thousand two hundred fourteen women with 1–2 prior losses were followed for ≤6 cycles while attempting pregnancy and completed end-of-cycle stress assessments. For cycles 1 and 2, women also collected daily urine and completed daily perceived stress assessments. We assessed anovulation via. an algorithm based on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and fertility monitor readings. Pregnancy was determined via. hCG. Adjusted weighted linear mixed models estimated the effect of prospective phase-varying (menses, follicular, periovulatory, and luteal) perceived stress quartiles on estrone-1-glucuronide (E1G), PdG, and LH concentrations. Marginal structural models accounted for time-varying confounding by hormones and lifestyle factors affected by prior stress. Poisson and Cox regression estimated risk ratios and fecundability odds ratios of cycle-varying stress quartiles on anovulation and fecundability. Models were adjusted for age, race, body mass index (BMI), parity, and time-varying caffeine, alcohol, smoking, intercourse, and pelvic pain.

Results:
Women in the highest versus lowest stress quartile had lower E1G and PdG concentrations, a marginally higher risk of anovulation [1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00, 1.63], and lower fecundability (0.71; 95% CI = 0.55, 0.90).

Conclusion:
Preconception perceived stress appears to adversely affect sex steroid synthesis and time to pregnancy. Mechanisms likely include the effects of stress on ovulatory function, but additional mechanisms, potentially during implantation, may also exist.
Associations between ambient air pollution and noise from road traffic with blood pressure and insulin resistance in children from Denmark
Authors: Pedersen Marie , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Ketzel Matthias , Grandström Charlotta , Raaschou-Nielsen Ole , Jensen Steen S. , Grunnet Louise G. , Vaag Allan , Sørensen Mette , Olsen Sjurdur F. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Road traffic is a major source of air pollution and noise. Both exposures may contribute to increased blood pressure and metabolic disease; however, few studies have examined these relationships in children.

Objectives:
We aimed to investigate whether long-term exposures to air pollution and noise from road traffic were associated with increased blood pressure and insulin resistance in children.

Methods:
Cardiometabolic outcomes were derived from a follow-up examination of 629 children (10–15 years old) enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort. We evaluated associations with prenatal and postnatal residential exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and noise from road traffic (Lden) using historical addresses and linear regression models.

Results:
A 10-unit increase in postnatal exposure to NO2 and Lden was associated with a 0.31 (−0.87, 1.48) and 0.18 (−0.61, 0.96) mmHg changes in diastolic blood pressure, respectively. In contrast, both exposures were associated with decreased systolic blood pressure. After adjustment and mutual adjustment for NO2, exposure to Lden was associated with a statistical significant decrease in systolic blood pressure both during prenatal and postnatal life, but the majority of the associations evaluated did not reach statistical significance. Inverse associations were observed for plasma fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA of insulin resistance for both exposures, exposure windows, before and after adjustment.

Conclusions:
The findings do not support evidence of associations between long-term exposures to air pollution and road traffic noise, increased blood pressure, and a metabolic profile characteristic of increased risk for glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes later in life.
Mobile technology for family planning
Authors: Peterson Sarah F. , Fok Wing Kay 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
To evaluate the recent literature on mobile health applications available to patients for contraception and abortion care.

Recent findings
Women are increasingly interested in contraceptive tools utilizing mobile technology, and a majority of women expect them to be science-based. The largest number of available mobile apps supports natural family planning methods, which is recognized as the least effective contraceptive method. Many available apps cannot be relied on for accurate, science-based pregnancy prevention methods. Further, there is a paucity of data regarding use of mobile technology for women seeking or receiving abortion.

Summary
Further research is needed to evaluate mobile health apps and how they can best provide patient consumers with accurate, evidence-based information to support the prevention of unintended pregnancy.
Revisiting the basis for haemoglobin screening in pregnancy
Authors: Daru Jahnavi , Sobhy Soha , Pavord Sue 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of reviewAnaemia affects up to 50% of pregnancies worldwide, and is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prevention and management of anaemia remains a priority. Despite this, there is ongoing debate on the optimal approach to identifying anaemia in pregnant women and the best strategies for prevention and management. The objective of this review is to describe the current landscape of haemoglobin testing in pregnancy in low and high-income countries.Recent findingsCurrent definitions of anaemia in pregnancy comprise a laboratory threshold of haemoglobin below which treatment is offered. Haemoglobin measurement is not sensitive in detecting iron deficiency – the most common cause of maternal anaemia. Furthermore, these historical thresholds were derived from heterogeneous populations comprising men and women. Women with anaemia in pregnancy are offered iron therapy, without testing for the underlying cause. This may be appropriate in high-income settings, where iron deficiency is the likely cause, but may not address the complex causes of anaemia in other geographical areas.SummaryCurrent thresholds of haemoglobin defining anaemia in pregnancy are under review. Further research and policy should focus on optimal strategies to identify women at risk of anaemia from all causes.
Combined hormonal contraception and migraine: are we being too strict?
Authors: Voedisch Amy J. , Hindiyeh Nada 
Published: October 2019

Purpose of review
Combined hormonal contraception has been contraindicated in migraines, especially in migraines with aura, because of ischemic stroke risk. Newer formulations are now available and physicians may unnecessarily be limiting access to contraceptive and medical therapeutic options for patients with migraines. This review summarizes the available data regarding ischemic stroke risk of modern combined hormonal contraception in the setting of migraines.

Recent findings
Limited data exists on current formulations of combined hormonal contraception and outcomes in migraine patients. Studies indicate ischemic stroke risk may be estrogen dose related with high dose formulations having the highest risk. Absolute risk of ischemic stroke with combined hormonal contraception and migraines is low.

Summary
Ischemic stroke risk in combined hormonal contraception users in the setting of migraines is low and an individual approach may be more appropriate than current guidelines.
The Microvascular Peroneal Artery Perforator Flap as a "Lifeboat" for Pedicled Flaps
Authors: Jakubietz Rafael G. , Jakubietz Danni F. , Horch Raymund E. , Gruenert Joerg G. , Meffert Rainer H. , Jakubietz Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Pedicled perforator flaps have expanded reconstructive options in extremity reconstruction. Despite preoperative mapping, intraoperative findings may require microvascular tissue transfer when no adequate perforators can be found. The free peroneal artery perforator flap may serve as a reliable back-up plan in small defects.

Methods:
In 16 patients with small soft tissue defects on the upper and lower extremities, perforator-based propeller flaps were planned. The handheld Doppler device was used to localize potential perforators for a propeller flap in close proximity to the defect. Perforators of the proximal peroneal artery were also marked to allow conversion to microvascular tissue transfer.

Results:
In 6 cases, no adequate perforators were found intraoperatively. In 4 patients, the peroneal artery perforator flap was harvested and transferred. The pedicle length did not exceed 4 cm. No flap loss occurred.

Conclusions:
When no adequate perforator capable of nourishing a propeller flap can be found intraoperatively, the free peroneal artery flap is a good option to reconstruct small soft tissue defects in the distal extremities. The short vascular pedicle is less ideal in cases with a large zone of injury requiring a more distant site of anastomosis or when recipient vessels are located in deeper tissue planes.
Successful Immediate Staged Breast Reconstruction with Intermediary Autologous Lipotransfer in Irradiated Patients
Authors: Crawford Kristina M. , Lawlor Denis , Alvis Emily , Moran Kevin O. , Endara Matthew R. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
As indications for radiotherapy in mastectomized patients grow, the need for greater reconstructive options is critical. Preliminary research suggests an ameliorating impact of lipotransfer on irradiated patients with expander-to-implant reconstruction. Herein, we present our technique using lipotransfer during the expansion stage to facilitate implant placement.

Methods:
A retrospective review of postmastectomy patients with expander-to-implant reconstruction by one reconstructive surgeon was performed. All patients were treated with immediate expander and ADM placement at the time of mastectomy. Irradiated patients underwent a separate lipotransfer procedure after completion of radiotherapy but prior to prosthesis exchange. Our study compared postoperative outcomes between non-radiated patients and irradiated patients who underwent this intermediary lipotransfer. Clinical endpoints of interest included: overall complications, infection, delayed wound healing, dehiscence, capsular contracture, implant failure, and reoperation.

Results:
One hundred and thirty-one breast reconstructions were performed; 18 (13.74%) were irradiated and 113 (86.26%) were not. Overall complication risk (infection, implant failure, or reoperation) was no higher in irradiated breasts treated with lipotransfer than non-irradiated breasts (p=0.387). Fifteen patients who had one radiated and one non-radiated breast were separately analyzed; no difference in complication by radiotherapy exposure (p=1) was found. Age, BMI, smoking status, and nipple-sparing versus skin-sparing mastectomy did not vary significantly between study groups (p=0.182, p=0.696, p=0.489, p=1 respectively).

Conclusions:
Comparable postoperative outcomes were found between non-radiated breasts and radiated breasts treated with intermediary lipotransfer. The ameliorating effects of autologous lipotransfer on radiotoxicity may therefore offer irradiated patients the option of expander-to-implant reconstruction with acceptable risk and cosmesis.
A Clinical Case of Breast Reconstruction with Greater Omentum Flap for Treatment of Upper Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Chen Kuo , Sukorceva Natalia S. , Lan Mu , Bikov Igor I. , Zakirova Albina A. , Reshetov Igor V. 
Published: October 2019

Summary:
Patients presenting with complications regarding breast cancer surgery require individualized surgical protocol for correction and reconstruction. This clinical case summarizes our clinical experience in the application of the free greater omentum flap for treatment of upper extremity lymphedema and breast reconstruction. This method combines aesthetic reconstruction of the breast with functional correction. The presented clinical vignette features a patient with post-biquadrantectomy upper extremity lymphedema. A free greater omentum flap was chosen for the purpose of breast reconstruction and vascularized lymph node transfer to treat upper extremity lymphedema. Upper extremity circumferences were monitored before and after surgical correction. The revascularized flap survived well after the operation and the reconstructed breast had a natural appearance. Six months after the operation, the patient’s upper extremity circumferences decreased significantly, and the pain and swelling were also alleviated. The patient was satisfied with the results. The use of the free greater omentum flap for breast reconstruction and treatment of upper extremity lymphedema provides both aesthetic and functional patient rehabilitation. The application of this technique requires proper patient selection and thorough surgical planning.
Publications from Saudi Arabia in Plastic Surgery in the Recent Five Years
Authors: Almarghoub Mohammed A. , Al-Qattan Mohammad M. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
In the last 5 years, many universities and medical centers have contributed immensely to medical research in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study is to review the publications in the last 5 years in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery from Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
An electronic search was carried out using PubMed website for all plastic and reconstructive surgery-related articles published from Saudi Arabia. The type, subject, region, institute, and subspecialty were collected from the articles.

Results:
A total of 142 articles were found, of which 45 were case reports (31.9%). The highest number of publications was 35 papers in 2018. Most of the papers were published from King Saud University (59.6%). A total of 123 articles (87.2%) were published from the central region of the kingdom. Hand surgery was the most common published topic, with 60 articles (43%).

Conclusions:
We concluded that there is an increase in the number of publications in the recent 5 years. However, most of these publications are case reports and series, which are low-quality researches in the era of evidence-based medicine.
Flow-through Omental Flap for Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer: A Novel Surgical Approach for Delayed Lymphatic Reconstruction
Authors: Johnson Anna Rose , Bravo Miguel G. , Granoff Melisa D. , Kang Christine O. , Critchlow Jonathan F. , Tsai Leo L. , Lee Bernard T. , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: October 2019

Summary:
The vascularized omental free flap has been described as a reliable option for the treatment of peripheral lymphedema. However, the flap has been associated with venous hypertension which may require venous supercharging or intra-flap arteriovenous fistula creation to offload the arterial inflow. The aim of this study is to introduce and present our experience using a flow-through omental flap as a novel approach to optimize flap hemodynamics. A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained quality improvement database was performed. Seven consecutive patients with unilateral breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) who underwent delayed lymphatic reconstruction using a flow-through omental free flap were identified. In all patients, the right gastroepiploic artery and vein were anastomosed to the proximal end of the radial artery and to one venae comitante, respectively. An anastomosis of the distal end of the radial artery to the left gastroepiploic artery was performed. The flap was then supercharged by anastomosing the left gastroepiploic vein to the cephalic or basilic vein. There were no flap losses or other surgical complications. A distinct advantage of this inset includes the ability to moderate the arterial in-flow to the omental flap to avoid an inflow-outflow mismatch and alleviate venous hypertension. Further study is needed to validate this technique in a larger study sample with longer follow-up.
Von Willebrand Disease: From In Vivo to In Vitro Disease Models
Authors: de Boer Suzan , Eikenboom Jeroen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVon Willebrand factor (VWF) plays an essential role in primary hemostasis and is exclusively synthesized and stored in endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Upon vascular injury, VWF is released into the circulation where this multimeric protein is required for platelet adhesion. Defects of VWF lead to the most common inherited bleeding disorder von Willebrand disease (VWD). Three different types of VWD exist, presenting with varying degrees of bleeding tendencies.The pathophysiology of VWD can be investigated by examining the synthesis, storage and secretion in VWF producing cells. These cells can either be primary VWF producing cells or transfected heterologous cell models. For many years transfected heterologous cells have been used successfully to elucidate many aspects of VWF synthesis. However, those cells do not fully reflect the characteristics of primary cells. Obtaining primary endothelial cells or megakaryocytes with a VWD phenotype, requires invasive procedures, such as vessel collection or a bone marrow biopsy. A more recent and promising development is the isolation of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) from peripheral blood as a true‐to‐nature cell model. Alternatively, various animal models are available but limiting, therefore, new approaches are needed to study VWD and other bleeding disorders. A potential versatile source of endothelial cells and megakaryocytes could be induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).This review gives an overview of models that are available to study VWD and VWF and will discuss novel approaches that can be considered to improve the understanding of the structural and functional mechanisms underlying this disease.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty for Treating Infective Keratitis
Authors: Hosny Mohamed , Marrie Ayah , Anis Mohamed , El Shewy Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

Purpose:
To report the results of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) assisted by femtosecond laser in the treatment of persistent infective keratitis.

Methods:
Seven eyes of 7 patients with diagnosed infective keratitis were recruited. They showed no improvement on maximal medical therapy for a week. The causative organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 3 cases and Fusarium in 4 cases. All cases underwent femtosecond laser-assisted PKP with a mushroom-shaped cut. Postoperative antimicrobial medications were continued for 8–12 weeks. Sutures were removed after 6 months. Therapeutic success was defined as eradication of primary infection. Functional success was considered when visual function improves to 20/200 or better.

Results:
All 7 eyes underwent femtosecond laser-assisted PKP. There were no intraoperative complications, and all patients had uneventful recipient cornea separation. Anatomic, therapeutic, and functional success was achieved in all patients. During the 6-month follow-up period, no recurrence of infection was reported. The average preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 2.07 log of the minimal angle of resolution (LogMAR) ± 0.21, whereas at 6 months postoperatively, the average CDVA was 0.17 LogMAR ± 0.13, with a P value of 0.00025.

Conclusions:
Femtosecond laser-assisted PKP was found to be an effective method for treating infective keratitis (particularly that caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium) that did not respond to medical treatment. Early surgical intervention before the disease becomes advanced is recommended.