bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to generate valid local quantities of particle–fluid flows for establishing constitutive relations
Authors: Hou Qinfu , Zhou Zongyan , Curtis Jennifer S. , Yu Aibing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere are continuum and discrete approaches to describe granular flows. A continuum approach relies on local average quantities which can be derived through an averaging method based on a discrete approach. However, the selection of averaging domain and the validity of local quantities for constitutive relations are not well established, particularly for transient particle–fluid flows. Here, it is demonstrated that converged local quantities can be achieved on an averaging domain with proper spatial and temporal sizes. Furthermore, the relation between solid pressure and solid volume fraction is established, agreeing qualitatively to all the existing monotonic ones in the literature. However, it is quantitatively different, showing a bifurcation at a high solid volume fraction, which is essentially linked to the variation of short and enduring contacts among particles with flow state and solid volume fraction. This bifurcation must be properly recognized in developing constitutive relations for granular materials.
Continuous and complete conversion of high concentration p‐nitrophenol in a flow‐through membrane reactor
Authors: Miao Jianfeng , Lu Jia , Jiang Hong , Liu Yefei , Xing Weihong , Ke Xuebin , Chen Rizhi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere, we report on a green and effective method for the continuous and complete conversion of high concentrations of p‐nitrophenol (PNP) using a flow‐through membrane reactor and less NaBH4. The catalytic membrane was successfully fabricated by loading Pd nanoparticles onto the surface of a branched TiO2 nanorod‐functionalized ceramic membrane. The modification with branched TiO2 nanorods can significantly improve the loading amount of Pd nanoparticles onto ceramic membranes, resulting in enhanced catalytic performance. With 6 mg of Pd, 93 L m−2 hr−1 of flux density and 8.04 cm2 of membrane surface area in the flow‐through membrane reactor, PNP at a concentration of 4,000 ppm can be converted to high‐value p‐aminophenol using less NaBH4 (using a molar ratio of NaBH4:PNP of 9.6) within 24 s at 30°C. More importantly, the conversion can be continuously and stably performed for 240 min.
Damping, thermal, and mechanical performances of a novel semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks based on polyimide/epoxy
Authors: Qu Chunhui , Li Xiao , Yang Zenghui , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Tingmei , Wang Qihua , Chen Shoubing 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, a series of novel semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (s‐IPNs) based on linear polyimide (PI) and crosslinked epoxy (EP) were firstly prepared aiming at controlling violent vibration and noise originating from operation of the machine. The damping, thermal, and mechanical performances of s‐IPNs films were systematically investigated in terms of the structure of polyimide (the molar ratios of diamines) and the component ratios of PI/EP. The results indicate that PI/EP s‐IPNs films exhibit prominent damping properties, and the effective damping temperature range can reach up to 58.8 °C when molar ratio of diamines is 1:3 within PI and component ratio of PI/EP is 70:30. Meanwhile, all the PI/EP s‐IPNs films show good thermal stability compared to cured EP and certain mechanical behaviors due to the formation of semi‐interpenetrated structure. Meaningfully, the prepared novel PI/EP s‐IPNs will be used as effective damping materials and have a potential application in damping fields. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48032.
Epistemic insights: Contemplating tensions between policy influences and creativity in school science
Authors: McGregor Debra , Frodsham Sarah 
Published: June 2019

Creativity and the way it could be supported in schools is understood differently by policy makers, practitioners and scientists. This article reviews, with a chronological lens, the development of policies that include teaching creativity and teaching for creativity. The epistemic tensions between the intentions of government and the nature of creativity as it emerges in learning or scientific work is introduced and reflected upon. There have been more than nine key educational policies that have been introduced over the last 50 years. Each of these are considered in this article and related to the ways that creativity is understood and expected to be taught, supported or enacted in schools by policy makers. In light of the need to support creativity as a key twenty‐first‐century skill, to ultimately enable current students (who will become the next generation of scientists) to develop the capabilities to address global concerns, this article highlights issues related to this issue. Epistemic insights are offered that relate to the development of aspects of creativity, including questioning, developing alternate ideas, ‘seeing’ things differently, innovation, curiosity, problem solving and evaluating. The ways that policy related to creativity in science appears not to recognise how creativity can be reified in these ways in schools suggests the need for rapid review, especially in light of the upcoming international creativity tests in 2021.
Goodness‐of‐fit tests for distributions estimated from complex survey data
Authors: Lohr Sharon L. , Riddles Minsun K. , Brick J. Michael 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe propose nonparametric procedures for comparing the empirical distribution function of data from a complex survey with a hypothesized parametric reference distribution. The hypothesized distribution may be fully specified, or it may be a family with the parameters to be estimated from the data. Of the procedures studied, a modification of the Cramér–von Mises test proposed by Lockhart, Spinelli & Stephens [Lockhart, Spinelli and Stephens, The Canadian Journal of Statistics 2007; 35, 125–133] is supported theoretically and performs well in two simulation studies. The methods are applied to examine the distribution of body mass index in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 409–425; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Functional analysis of Aarf domain‐containing kinase 1 in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wisidagama Dona R. , Thomas Stefan M. , Lam Geanette , Thummel Carl S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ADCK proteins are predicted mitochondrial kinases. Most studies of these proteins have focused on the Abc1/Coq8 subfamily, which contributes to Coenzyme Q biosynthesis. In contrast, little is known about ADCK1 despite its evolutionary conservation in yeast, Drosophila, Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals.ResultsWe show that Drosophila ADCK1 mutants die as second instar larvae with double mouth hooks and tracheal breaks. Tissue‐specific genetic rescue and RNAi studies show that ADCK1 is necessary and sufficient in the trachea for larval viability. In addition, tracheal‐rescued ADCK1 mutant adults have reduced lifespan, are developmentally delayed, have reduced body size, and normal levels of basic metabolites.ConclusionThe larval lethality and double mouth hooks seen in ADCK1 mutants are often associated with reduced levels of the steroid hormone ecdysone, suggesting that this gene could contribute to controlling ecdysone levels or bioavailability. Similarly, the tracheal defects in these animals could arise from defects in intracellular lipid trafficking. These studies of ADCK1 provide a new context to define the physiological functions of this poorly understood member of the ADCK family of predicted mitochondrial proteins.
Alcohol supply as a favour for a friend: Scenarios of alcohol supply to younger friends and siblings
Authors: Lam Tina , Ogeil Rowan P. , Fischer Jane , Midford Richard , Lubman Dan I. , Gilmore William , Chikritzhs Tanya N. , Liang Wenbin , Lenton Simon R. , Aiken Alexandra , Allsop Steve 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIssues addressedAdolescents under the legal purchase age primarily source their alcohol through social networks. This study assessed the provision context from the perspective of both underage recipients and their suppliers who were older peers and siblings.MethodsInterviewer‐administered surveys were conducted with 590 risky‐drinking (50 g alcohol per session, at least monthly) adolescents. Participants of legal purchase age (18‐ to 19‐year‐olds; n = 269) reported their provision to 16‐ to 17‐year‐olds under eight scenarios. Those aged 14‐17 (n = 321) reported receipt of alcohol under the same scenarios plus two parental supply contexts.ResultsPurchase‐age participants reported supply: to an underage friend (67%), an acquaintance (44%) or a sibling (16%) to drink at the same party; to a friend (43%) or sibling (20%) to take to another party (20%) and to a stranger near a bottle shop (5%). Supply to a friend at the same party was more likely if money was exchanged (60% vs 40%; P < 0.001). Almost all (98%) 14‐ to 17‐year‐olds reported receiving alcohol from an adult (including 36% from a parent for consumption away from the parent), with a similar pattern of receipt scenarios as those reported by the 18‐ to 19‐year‐olds.ConclusionsProvision of alcohol was more frequent with a friend than a sibling or stranger, in close environmental proximity, and if money was exchanged.So what?As supply may be sensitive to monetary considerations, the incidence of underage receipt may be affected by community‐wide pricing measures. Traditional alcohol availability regulations should be supplemented by strategies relating to the social nature of supply and demand.
Identification of cell‐penetrating osteogenic peptide from copine‐7 protein and its delivery system for enhanced bone formation
Authors: Lee Dongwoo , Park Kwang‐Sook , Yoon Gook Jin , Lee Hyun Jung , Lee Jue‐Yeon , Park Yoon Shin , Park Joo‐Cheol , Lee Gene , Chung Chong Pyoung , Park Yoon Jeong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeptide and proteins are recognized as highly selective and therapeutically active biomaterials, as well as relatively safe in clinical application. A calcium phospholipid‐binding protein, copine 7 (CPNE7), has been recently identified to induce hard tissue regeneration, including bone and dentin by internalizing into the cells. However, the clinical application of the full length of CPNE7 has limited due to its large size with short half‐life. Herein, as an alternative to CPNE7, six bioactive synthetic peptides are designed from CPNE7 (CPNE7‐derived peptides, CDP1–CDP6) and investigated their osteogenic potential. Among the CDPs, CDP4 have the highest level of cell‐penetrating activity as well as osteogenic efficiency in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). CDP4 increased the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins, which was comparable to that by BMP‐2. The cell penetration capacity of CDP4 may synergistically induce the osteogenic potential of DPSCs. Moreover, the implantation of the mixture of CDP4 with injectable collagen gel increased bone formation with recovery in the mouse calvarial defect model, comparable to full‐length CPNE7 and even BMP‐2. In conclusion, these results suggest that our synthetic peptide, CDP4, can be applied in combination with biomaterial to provide high osteogenic efficacy in the field of bone tissue engineering.
Magnetic properties in three electrons under Rashba spin‐orbit interaction and magnetic field
Authors: Khordad Reza , Vaseghi Behrooz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, we study three‐electron magnetic susceptibility in quantum dots under Rashba spin‐orbit interaction (SOI) and magnetic field by an analytical methodology. The Hamiltonian of the system is separated to center of mass and relative terms using the Jacobi transformations and the hyperspherical coordinates. By solving Schrodinger equation, energy levels and thereby the susceptibility are calculated using canonical ensemble. At zero temperature, the magnetization reduces with increasing magnetic field with and without Rashba SOI in three‐electron‐quantum dot without electron‐electron (e‐e) interaction. Also, SOI slightly changes the magnetization for three‐electron‐quantum dot without e‐e interaction. At nonzero temperature, the magnetization shows a paramagnetic peak when the magnetic field increases. This peak position changes under the SOI. In the presence of e‐e interaction, the susceptibility enhances with raising magnetic field and it shows a maximum. The susceptibility at low magnetic field is negative and then it becomes positive. The susceptibility with e‐e interaction and without SOI is always diamagnetic and its magnitude reduces with enhancing magnetic field. The susceptibility shows a transition between diamagnetic and paramagnetic with e‐e interaction and SOI.
Advances in microbial culturing conditions to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters for novel metabolite production
Authors: Tomm Hailey A , Ucciferri Lorena , Ross Avena C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Natural products (NPs) produced by bacteria and fungi are often used as therapeutic agents due to their complex structures and wide range of bioactivities. Enzymes that build NPs are encoded by co-localized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), and genome sequencing has recently revealed that many BGCs are “silent” under standard laboratory conditions. There are numerous methods used to activate “silent” BGCs that rely either upon altering culture conditions or genetic modification. In this review, we discuss several recent microbial cultivation methods that have been used to expand the scope of NPs accessible in the laboratory. These approaches are divided into three categories: addition of a physical scaffold, addition of small molecule elicitors, and co-cultivation with another microbe.
Cost-effectiveness of Operative Versus Non-operative Management of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Koltsov Jayme C. B. , Gribbin Caitlin , Ellis Scott J. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. 
Published: June 2019

Background The management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures is controversial, and most injuries are treated with surgery in the USA. The cost utility of operative versus non-operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon injury is unclear. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of operative versus functional non-operative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Methods A Markov cost-utility analysis was conducted from the societal perspective using a 2-year time horizon. Hospital costs were derived from New York State billing data, and physician and rehabilitation costs were derived from the Medicare physician fee schedule. Indirect costs of missed work were calculated using estimates from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics. Rates of re-rupture, major and minor complications, and the associated costs were obtained from the literature. Effectiveness was expressed in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). For the base-case analysis, operative and non-operative patients were assumed to have the same utilities (quality of life) following surgery. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of model assumptions. Results In the base-case model, non-operative management of acute Achilles tendon ruptures dominated operative management, resulting in both lower costs and greater QALY gains. The differences in costs and effectiveness were relatively small. The benefit of non-operative treatment was 1.69 QALYs, and the benefit of operative treatment was 1.67 QALYs. Similarly, the total cost of operative and non-operative management was $13, 936 versus $13, 413, respectively. In sensitivity analyses, surgical costs and days of missed work were important drivers of cost-effectiveness. If hospitalization costs dropped below $2621 (compared with $3145) or the hourly wage rose above $29 (compared with $24), then operative treatment became a cost-effective strategy at the willingness-to-pay threshold of $50, 000/QALY. The model results were also highly sensitive to the relative utilities for operative versus non-operative treatment. If non-operative utilities decreased relative to operative utilities by just 2%, then operative management became the dominant treatment strategy. Conclusion For acute Achilles tendon ruptures, non-operative treatment provided greater benefits and lower costs than operative management in the base case; however, surgical costs and the economic impact associated with return to work are important determinants of the preferred cost-effective strategy.
Evaluating the Utility of Next Generation Sequencing Technology in the Diagnosis and Prevention of Genetic Disorders in India, the Early Experiences
Authors: Kotecha Udhaya , Puri Ratna , Bijarnia Sunita , Kohli Sudha , Saxena Renu , Verma Ishwar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo describe the utilization of Next Generation Sequencing technologies for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. Ten families requested prenatal testing in view of previously affected offspring with genetically heterogeneous/hitherto undiagnosed disorders. Next generation sequencing was offered as a first tier investigation (1) in the probands who had not been diagnosed by baseline investigations, and (2) in cases where preliminary examination/testing suggested a genetically heterogeneous disorder, while the precise diagnosis was not available. The subsequently identified molecular basis enabled prenatal testing. The disorders included primary microcephaly, epidermolysis bullosa, inborn error of metabolism, infantile hypotonia, neuro-regression and sensorineural hearing loss. Five out of ten couples approached us during an ongoing pregnancy with two in the second trimester of gestation. Demise of the proband resulted in incomplete investigations in three cases. In seven cases, the disorder suspected was genetically heterogeneous and hence next generation testing was carried out while in the remaining three it was performed to ascertain the underlying gene involved. Fetal analysis detected recurrences in two cases, and the couples concerned decided to discontinue the pregnancies. Next generation sequencing proved a useful tool in select situations to overcome some of the challenges hindering a precise diagnosis in genetically heterogenous disorders.
Nutritional status survey of children with autism and typically developing children aged 4–6 years in Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Sun Caihong , Xia Wei , Zhao Yan , Li Nannan , Zhao Dong , Wu Lijie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutism is a neurodevelopmental disability that may affect nutritional management of children with autism. This study aimed to compare the nutritional status of children with autism with that of typically developing children (aged 4–6 years) in China. Nutritional status was assessed by means of nutritional data, anthropometric data, biochemical assessment, physical examination for nutrient deficiencies and providing a questionnaire to parents. A total of fifty-three children with autism and fifty-three typically developing children were enrolled in this study. The parents were asked to complete the questionnaire regarding the eating behaviour and gastrointestinal symptoms of their children. They were also asked to provide a 3 d food diary. Children with autism exhibited several abnormalities in terms of eating behaviour and gastrointestinal symptoms. The levels of vitamins A and B6, Zn and Ca intakes were <80 % of the dietary reference intakes in both groups. In addition, the proportions of vitamin C and Ca intake deficiencies in the autism group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Serum Zn level was less than the normal reference range in both the groups. Serum Ca, vitamin A and folate levels in children with autism were significantly lower when compared with children without autism. According to the anthropometric data, the mean BMI, weight-for-height Z-score (ZWH) and BMI for age Z-score (ZBMIA) of children with autism were significantly higher than those of the typically developing children. Thus, nutritional inadequacies were observed in children with autism and typically developing children in China, which were, however, more pronounced among children with autism.
Post-castration variations in weight gain in a cohort of young adult male cats
Authors: Wei Alfreda , Fascetti Andrea J. , Kim Kyoungmi , Ramsey Jon J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe predisposition of cats to gain weight following neutering is well established; however, there is little information about the distribution and range of post-neutering weight gains observed in cats under a controlled environment. This retrospective study investigated 6-month post-castration weight gain and distribution of percentage body weight (BW) change in a cohort of twenty, male domestic shorthair cats relative to a control group of intact cats. Cats were matched in age (2·0–2·6 years), husbandry conditions and consumedad libitumthe same dry maintenance diet for at least 3 months prior to and 6 months following castration. All cats were castrated within 48 h of each other. All cats gained weight after castration. Mean BW was 4·67 (sd0·70) kg at the start of the study and 5·93 (sd1·38) kg at the end of the study, with individual weight gain ranging 3–53 % at 6 months post-neutering. The pre-conception BW of the queens of each cat was compared with the pre- and post-neutering BW of their offspring. The pre-conception BW of the queens was significantly correlated with the offspring's initial BW (ρ = 0·65,P = 0·01), final BW (ρ = 0·67,P = 0·01) and percentage BW change (ρ = 0·54,P = 0·04). A wide range of post-castration weight gains was observed among cats of similar backgrounds and housing conditions. Implementation of effective methods to control food consumption pre-conception and post-neutering may be a strategy for preventing obesity and obesity-related disorders in cats.
A moderate fat, low-energy dry expanded diet reduces gain in body condition score when fed as part of a post neutering weight-control regimen in growing pet cats
Authors: Spofford Nathaniel , Mougeot Isabelle , Elliott Denise A. , Addleman Ashlee , Lefebvre Sandra L. , Wang Mansen , Yang Mingyin , Feugier Alexandre , Biourge Vincent , Lund Elizabeth M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeutering of cats has been associated with significant weight gain in the weeks following surgery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a moderate fat, low-energy dry expanded diet in reducing weight gain in growing pet cats when fed as part of a weight-control regimen over the 6 months post-neutering. Cats in participating primary care veterinary hospitals were enrolled at neutering and assigned to receive one of the two dietary treatments based on the hospital of origin. Owners of cats in the treatment group were instructed to feed the trial diet at maintenance (324·7 kJ/kg BW0·711per d). Instructions for the control group were to feed the cat's regular diet according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Body weight and condition were evaluated by veterinarians at enrolment, 2-weeks, and 1–4 and 6 months after surgery. Body condition score (five-point scale) was compared between enrolment and each subsequent visit, controlling for enrolment age and sex. Percentage change in body weight was evaluated via multivariate mixed modelling to account for repeated measures. A total of 187 cats (eighty-seven females and 100 males) with a mean age of 5·2 (sd0·8) months and mean weight of 2·8 (sd0·6) kg from fifty-one hospitals completed the trial. The odds of being scored as overweight were 4·1 times as great for cats in the controlv.treatment groups (95 % CI 2·1, 8·2). Percentage change in body weight differed significantly with enrolment age (P = 0·007) and approached significance between diet groups (P = 0·08). Cats fed the trial diet had a significantly reduced incidence of overweight in the 6 months following neutering.