bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The "Tissue" Tension of Oxygen and Its Relation to Hematocrit and Erythropoiesis
Authors: THORLING EIVIND B. , ERSLEV ALLAN J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The variations in oxygen tension in relation to induced changes in the hematocrit, were investigated in mouse pneumoperitoneum and rat skin pockets.
A close to linear relationship was found in the range of hematocrit from 20-60 percent. Above this hematocrit value, the correlation was lost and no further increase in Po2 was noted with increases in the hematocrit. A tendency to a minor fall in Po2 at very high hematocrit values was observed in both systems, however, the fall was never below normal value.
Attempts to induce normovolemic erythrocytosis by exchange transfusions in rat demonstrated that this condition is transient, transforming into a hypervolemic erythrocytosis within hours. In spite of the increasing viscosity of the blood with increases in hematocrit, a hypervolemic erythrocytosis was found to cause a slight increase in tissue Po2 while a normovolemic erythrocytosis did not. Consequently, an accelerated rate of red cell production will have a dual effect on oxygen transport: (1) it will increase the oxygen carrying capacity, and (2) it will increase the blood volume and thereby decrease the peripheral resistance, allowing the heart to transport more oxygen at no extra expense.
In Vitro Effect of Erythropoietin on the Spleen of the Polycythemic Mouse. III: Limited Exposure to Erythropietin and Actinomycin D
Authors: MIURA YASUSADA , MIZOGUCHI HIDEAKI , TAKAKU FUMMIMARO , NAKAO KIKU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Heme synthesis and appearance of erythroblasts were observed when the spleen fragments from the polycythemic mouse spleen were exposed to erythropoietin only in the earlier period of incubation. The heme synthesis and the number of erythroblasts were increased in proportion to the exposure time to erythropoietin up to 12 hours. Twelve hours exposure to erythropoietin evoked about 70 percent of the maximally stimulated control heme synthesis.
2. The appearance of erythroblasts and the heme synthesis was completely blocked by the addition of 0.01 µg./ml. of actinomycin D. Some population of differentiated erythroblasts became resistant to actinomycin D which was added at 12th and 24th hour of incubation.
3. The heme synthesis within reticulocytes from bled anemic mice were not affected by these doses of erythropoietin, actinomycin D or both of them.
4. The results were discussed in connection with the mechanism of erythropoietin on stem cells.
The Lymphocyte β-Glucuronidase Activity in Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: YAM LUNG T. , MITUS W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lymphocyte β-glucuronidase activity was estimated semi-quantitatively by a cytochemical method. Strong enzyme activity was found to be present in the lymphocytes. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma and some cases of reticulum cell sarcoma, the lymphocyte β-glucuronidase activity was low. This was due to the presence of a large number of lymphocytes with low β-glucuronidase activity. The low β-glucuronidase content in the lymphocytes is usually associated with decreased ability of these cells to undergo transformation upon phytohemagglutinin stimulation; however, this association is not an absolute one.
Leukocyte Histidine Decarboxylase: Properties and Activity in Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: KRAUSS STEPHEN , GILBERT HARRIET S. , WASSERMAN LOUIS R. , Lurinsky Gertrude 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Histidine decarboxylase was assayed in extracts from human leukocytes and the properties of the enzyme studied.
2. Leukocyte histidine decarboxylase was found to be substrate-specific, to require pyridoxal phosphate as co-enzyme, and to be inhibited by alpha-hydrazino analog of histidine (MK 785), a selective inhibitor of the specific histidine decarboxylase occuring in rat tissue. A non-specific L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase was also demonstrated in leukocyte extracts, which possessed little activity toward histidine.
3. Cellular localization studies revealed that mature neutrophils and basophils possessed most of the histidine decarboxylase activity exhibited by mixed leukocyte preparations. Mature eosinophils, small lymphocytes, and immature myeloid cells (myeloblasts and promyelocytes) showed little histidine decarboxylase activity.
4. In the clinical studies, patients with uncontrolled polycythemia vera, "spent" polycythemia, myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia, and chronic myelocytic leukemia, showed increased leukocyte enzyme activity when compared to a control group composed of normal subjects and patients with relative polycythemia. This increased activity appears to represent a true increase in enzyme activity per granulocyte, and is believed to account for the elevated leukocyte histamine content demonstrated in patients with myeloproliferative disorders.
An Atypical Immunoglobulin
Authors: LEWIS A. F. , BERGSAGEL D. E. , BRUCE-ROBERTSON A. , SCHACHTER R. K. , CONNELL G. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A protein of the Ig G family has been isolated from the serum of a patient with a tentative diagnosis of a plasma cell neoplasm. The protein has a lower sedimentation constant (5.4) and a lower molecular weight (125,000) than normal immunoglobulins of the G family. The protein has heavy-chain determinants of type G and light-chain determinants of the κ-type. Heavy and light chains have been prepared by reductive cleavage followed by gel filtration. The heavy-chain preparation is homogeneous in starch gels in acidic buffer containing urea but has a faster mobility than normal Ig G heavy chains. The light-chain preparation is resolved into two components in electrophoresis, and both have slower mobility than normal Ig G light chains. The heavy- and light-chain preparations cross react with normal Ig G heavy and light chains in immunodiffusion analysis. Sedimentation equilibrium studies suggest that both the heavy and light chains have lower molecular weights than their normal counterparts.
Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Glucosephosphate Isomerase (GPI) Deficiency— a New Enzyme Defect of Human Erythrocytes
Authors: BAUGHAN MARJORIE A. , VALENTINE WILLIAM N. , PAGLIA DONALD E. , WAYS PETER O. , SIMONS ERNEST R. , DEMARSH QUIN B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new congenital hemolytic anemia not characterized by spherocytosis has been defined as due to a deficiency in another glycolytic enzyme, glucosephosphate isomerase, the catalyst specific for the second step of the Embden-Meyerhof glycolytic pathway. The leukocytes and the plasma are involved as well as the erythrocytes, but there is no clinical evidence of dysfunction other than the hemolytic anemia. Family studies are consistent with an autosomal-recessive mode of inheritance with the asymptomatic heterozygotes demonstrating an intermediate enzyme deficiency, and the symptomatic homozygote, the propositus, demonstrating a marked enzyme deficiency.
Osmotic Hemolysis of Chemically Modified Red Blood Cells
Authors: BAKER RICHARD F. , GILLIS NAOMI R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mechanism of osmotic hemolysis of human red blood cells has been investigated after mild fixation in glutaraldehyde. A mass of precipitated hemoglobin (crown) is seen around a single membrane break which may be as large as 2µ in diameter. Ghosts with large holes are not seen and it is believed that membrane repair takes place.
Hemoglobin extrusion by this mechanism takes place only around the rim of the red cell. Both old and young red cells exhibit crown formation, but old cells require longer fixation than do young cells.
A correlation with previous work on mode of osmotic hemolysis of red cells is discussed.
32DFP and 51Cr for Measurement of Red Cell Life Span in Abnormal Hemoglobin Syndromes
Authors: MCCURDY PAUL R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The red cell life span was measured simultaneously using 51Cr and 32DFP in 21 patients with abnormal hemoglobin β chains and in 7 patients with normal hemoglobin. The patients included 9 with sickle cell anemia, 2 with sickle-β-thalassemia disease, 2 with sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease, 3 with homozygous hemoglobin C disease, 4 with sickle cell trait and 1 with hemoglobin C trait. The 51Cr elution rate from red cells carrying abnormal β chains was 1.2 per cent daily (range: 0.1-2.7 per cent; 4 patients had 2-component elution curves, the first of which was quite rapid (4.1-19.5 per cent daily) and could lead to significant error in the 51Cr estimate of red cell survival. The 51Cr elution rate for red cells with normal β chains was 1.3 per cent daily (range: 0.7-1.6 per cent). In the steady state, production of red cells was estimated from the 32DFP life span. Both figures varied with the disease process but erythropoiesis seldom obtained the 6-8 fold increase over normal that is considered to be the capability of normal bone marrow and hence a relative erythropoietic defect seems to be frequently present in patients with abnormal hemoglobin diseases. Two sibling pairs with sickle cell anemia were studied and were found to vary from each other as much as did the other patients with this disorder.
Brief Report: Albumin Warao: New Type of Human Alloalbuminemia
Authors: ARENDS TULIO , GALLANGO MARIA L. , LAYRISSE MIGUEL , WILBERT JOHANNES , HEINEN HAINZ D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new albumin variant characterized by the slowest electrophoretic migration at both acid and alkaline pH, was found in a Warao Indian family from Venezuela. Thermal instability of an albumin variant is described for the first time.
Toxicity of Anti-dog Lymphocyte Serum to Normal and Leukemic Human Lymphocytes
Authors: SCHREK ROBERT , PRESTON FREDERICK W. , DIETZ ALBERT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbit anti-dog lymphocyte serum plus rabbit complement had a rapid cytocidal effect on blood lymphocytes from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The titer of the immune sera varied from 1:42 to 1:530 with a mean titer of 1:100. The sera showed minimal or no toxicity to lymphocytes from normal persons with a titer of > 1:10 in 13 of 18 cases. A similar differential toxicity to normal and leukemic lymphocytes was observed with rat anti-dog lymphocyte serum. However, guinea pig and horse anti-dog lymphocyte sera or globulin were equally toxic to normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. Leukemic lymphocytes incubated with rabbit anti-dog lymphocyte serum and rabbit complement showed early nuclear degenerative changes and paranuclear vacuoles. The cytologic degenerative changes suggested that the nucleus or nuclear membrane may be the first site of action of the immune serum.
Multiple Myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1945-1964
Authors: KYLE ROBERT A. , NOBREGA FRED T. , KURLAND LEONARD T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
All cases of multiple myeloma diagnosed in bona fide residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, during the years 1945 through 1964 were identified and reviewed. Pathologic material was available for reconfirmation of the diagnosis in 33 of the 35 cases reported. In the remaining two cases the diagnosis was based on roentgenologic findings and protein abnormalities as well as a typical clinical picture. The incidence rate for males was 1.9 times that for females. During the 20 year period covered in this study the average annual incidence rate in the total population has remained about 3/100,000 and when computed for persons 30 years of age and over, it is 6.3/100,000. Incidence figures by place of residence did not reveal a significant difference in the urban-rural rates. Myeloma was listed as a cause of death in 74 per cent of the death certificates. The mean survival time from onset in all cases was about 2 years, with a median survival of approximately 1 year. The age-specific rate increased with age, the highest rates being among male residents 80 years of age and older.
Studies of Human Erythrocyte Catalase by Fluorescent Antibody Technic The Distribution of Catalase in Acatalasia and Hypocatalasia
Authors: HOSOI TAKEMITSU , YAHARA SEIJI , HAMILTON HOWARD B. , FUJIKI NORIO , SASAKI TERUO , ISHIHARA YOSHINORI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to investigate the cellular distribution of catalase in normal, hypocatalasic and acatalasic red blood cells, the fluorescent antibody labelling technic was employed. Sensitive anticatalase sera were produced in rabbits by immunization with purified catalase extracted from human erythrocytes. Specificity against human erythrocyte catalase was confirmed by Ouchterlony’s double diffusion method.
The distribution of catalase is fairly homogeneous in normal and hypocatalasic red cells, but in acatalasic cells fluorescence due to the presence of catalase was not observed.
By this method the amount of catalase in hypocatalasic red cells was judged to be between that of normal and acatalasic red cells.
Development of a Myeloproliferative Disorder in Beagles Continuously Exposed to 90Sr
Authors: DUNGWORTH D. L. , GOLDMAN M. , SWITZER J. W. , McKELVIE D. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a continuing study of the toxicity of 90Sr in beagles exposed continuously from mid-gestation to 1.5 years of age, a myeloproliferative disorder has arisen in dogs fed the two highest dose levels, 12 and 4 µCi 90Sr/day, respectively. Ten cases have occurred thus far at the highest level and 4 at the second highest, the difference in incidence being approximately equal to the threefold difference in dose rate. Age at onset has ranged from 14 to 72 months, and cumulative dose rates up to the time of death have varied from about 1,000 to 10,000 rads.
The 14 cases of myeloproliferative disorder present a morphologic spectrum which manifest in the acute form as granulocytic leukemia and in the chronic form resemble myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). Anemia, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, hypochromasia and terminal thrombocytopenia were constant features. Terminal leukocyte counts ranged from 3,300 to 38,900 cells/ mm3, with various degrees of shift to the left. Splenomegaly was the salient gross finding in most dogs. Major histologic lesions were pronounced granulocytic proliferation in bone marrow and spleen, with concomitant erythroid and megakaryocytic depletion. Liver, lymph nodes and a variety of other organs had less extensive and less frequent involvement. In the most acute cases, bone marrow and spleen contained cell populations composed almost entirely of blast cells.
This experimental situation should serve to shed light on fundamental aspects of radiation-induced granulocytic leukemia and might help to clarify the relationship between granulocytic leukemia and MMM.
Brief Report: Cytosine Arabinoside Therapy for Disseminated Herpes Zoster in a Patient with IgG Pyroglobulinemia
Authors: McKELVEY EUGENE M. , KWAAN HAU C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytosine arabinoside is a new chemotherapeutic agent which inhibits DNA synthesis and has shown activity against experimental DNA virus infections. This drug was used to treat a 65 year old man with an IgG, Type K serum pyroglobulin accompanying a lymphoproliferative disorder who developed a fulminant, disseminated herpes zoster infection. Rapid attenuation of his disease was apparent. No new skin lesions developed after the second day of treatment and within 6 weeks the patient had achieved a complete recovery from his viral disease.
The Production of Schistocytes by Fibrin Strands (A Scanning Electron Microscope Study)
Authors: BULL BRIAN S. , KUHN IRVIN N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship between intravascular coagulation and schistocyte formation has been adequately documented in animal experiments and in in vitro models. A case report is presented of a patient who suffered from micro-angiopathic hemolytic anemia during life as a result of disseminated gastric adenocarcinoma. The fibrin microclots found in his vasculature on postmortem examination indicate that in intravascular coagulation, both in the human and in the experimental animal, fibrin initially polymerizes in the form of fine fibrin strands. These strands, the main etiologic factor in producing schistocytes, are constantly being lysed or rendered amorphous, and rarely persist in postmortem tissues except under unusually favorable conditions. Postmortem histologic study of one case where such favorable conditions did exist indicates the essential identity of the pathologic process in man and in experimental animals.
Effect of Phytohemagglutinin on Enzymes of Thymidine Salvage Pathway of Cultured Chronic Lymphatic Leukemic Lymphocytes
Authors: RABINOWITZ YALE , WONG POLLY , WILHITE BETTY A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
N-L and CLL-L prior to cell culture gave evidence of high activities of TdR phosphorylase, TMP and TDP kinases, while TdR kinase and phosphatase activities were relatively low. Cells cultured without PHA showed no appreciable alteration in enzyme activities during three to five days of culture. Response to PHA with blast-cell formation in cultures of N-L or CLL-L (low-count cases) was associated with increased TdR kinase activity which became prominent at the time of increased DNA polymerase activity and DNA synthesis during the second to third day of culture. Cells from cases of CLL-L with high WBC counts which failed to respond to PHA showed no increase in TdR kinase activity but did show increased phosphatase activity. Increased TdR activity and increased DNA polymerase activity may both be needed for increased synthesis of DNA to occur in lymphocytes responding to PHA.
Improvement of Leukocyte Bactericidal Activity in Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: JOHNSTON RICHARD B. , BAEHNER ROBERT L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by an inability of patients’ leukocytes to generate hydrogen peroxide and to kill non-peroxide-forming bacteria, such as staphylococci and serratiae. We have introduced glucose oxidase into CGD leukocytes in order to generate peroxide and thereby kill S. aureus and S. marcescens. These results support the concept that a leukocyte oxidative deficiency is primary to the pathogenesis of CGD.
Bullous Eruption and Elevated Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase in the Course of Busulfan-Treated Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: DOSIK HARVEY , HUREWITZ DAVID J. , ROSNER FRED , SCHWARTZ JOEL M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 35-year-old man presented with a bullous eruption similar to erythema multiforme following the administration of high doses of busulfan therapy for chronic granulocytic leukemia. There was pancytopenia, hypoplasia of the bone marrow, elevation of serum vitamin B12 and B12 binding capacity and a paradoxical elevation of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level. Discontinuation of the busulfan and the administration of prednisone were followed by gradual healing of the skin lesions, reversal of the pancytopenia and reduction of the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase activity to zero. This case illustrates an unusual and previously unreported untoward response to busulfan and is another example of the capacity of the leukocytes in some patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia to develop high alkaline phosphatase activity in response to inflammation.
Melphalan Therapy of Polycythemia Vera
Authors: LOGUE GERALD L. , GUTTERMAN JORDAN U. , McGINN THOMAS G. , LASZLO JOHN , RUNDLES R. WAYNE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Twenty-seven patients with p. vera whose proliferative disease required the suppression of bone marrow function were treated with melphalan for periods of 20 to 72 months. The response was rated as good to excellent at three months in 24 of the 27 patients. At the end of one year 14 of the 27 patients had no evidence of disease. In eight of the remaining 13 the only persistent abnormality was a palpable spleen. Side reactions and adverse hematologic effects were infrequent. To date one patient has developed refractory anemia and evidence of myelofibrosis. Four patients have developed acute leukemia but none of these had been treated with melphalan alone. The results to date are sufficiently good to establish melphalan as one of the most effective agents in the control of p. vera.
Schwann Cells of the Bone Marrow
Authors: CALVO WENCESLAO , FORTEZA-VILA JERÓNIMO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nerves containing numerous Schwann cells can be found in bone marrow with routine histological methods. Thin nerve bundles and single nerve fibers containing Schwann cells can be identified histologically with help of methods which demonstrate nerve fibers and myelin. Smears of marrow stained with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa method are not adequate for demonstration of nerve fibers, but their satellite Schwann cells appear well stained. Histological, cytological and ultrastructural characteristics of these cells are described in detail. Blood-forming cells and nerve fibers with their Schwann cells lie in close proximity throughout the marrow. This circumstance suggests that interaction may take place between both elements.
Comparison of Erythropoietin Response in Mice Following Polycythemia Induced by Transfusion or Hypoxia
Authors: OKUNEWICK J. P. , FULTON D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experiments were undertaken to measure the response to erythropoietin in mice during the first two weeks after the induction of polycythemia. A comparison of the size of the response obtained utilizing two different means of producing polycythemia was made. It was found that a 50 per cent higher level of iron incorporation was obtained if hypoxia was used rather than transfusion. It is suggested that this difference may be due to an alteration in both the compartment size and the cell cycle time of the erythropoietic stem cell in mice exposed to prolonged hypoxia.
Mechanism of Eosinophilia. III. Suppression of Eosinophilia by Agents Known to Modify Immune Responses
Authors: BOYER MARKLEY H. , BASTEN ANTONY , BEESON PAUL B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intravenous inoculation of Trichinella larvae into rats is followed by eosinophilia with a peak at 6 days. Reinjection of the parasites 20 days later results in an enhanced eosinophil response. This phenomenon may be analogous to the anamnestic antibody response which follows reinjection of antigenic material. Various agents known to modify conventional expressions of immunity were tested for their abilities to influence both primary and secondary eosinophil responses. Given in low single doses, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide could suppress the eosinophil response only after larval challenge; busulfan, prednisolone, bacterial endotoxin, Corynebacterium anaerobium and pertussis vaccine were effective only before the inoculum of parasites. The time-dependent action of these agents on eosinophilia is similar to their action on other systems of immune expression. Of further interest was the observation that certain of the agents which were suppressant when given before first larval challenge also appeared to affect "priming" for the second response. Eosinophilia appears to share common features with recognized immune phenomena. The model described may be useful in studying the cellular kinetics of immune responses, the action of immunosuppressive agents and other problems of cell differentiation or proliferation.