bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resíduos Pecuários: uma Avaliação em Indústria de Alimentos do Município de Bauru-SP
Authors: Carvalho Camila Paiva de , Pisano Lilian Cristiane 
Published: April 2018

Diferentes estudos, realizados por diversas áreas, indicam que os resíduos orgânicos gerados nas atividades pecuárias causam impactos ao meio ambiente. O alto índice de gases poluentes, emitidos pelos dejetos de animais, potencializa o efeito estufa, intensifica os fenômenos meteorológicos e contribui para as alterações climáticas. Efluentes gerados nas atividades pecuárias contêm altos níveis de contaminantes, alterando as propriedades da água, comprometendo a biota aquática, rios e solo. A recuperação de efluentes e resíduos orgânicos promove o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, entretanto o seu mau uso e desperdício compromete sua conservação. Na busca de diminuir a toxidade dos dejetos, empresas geradoras de resíduos focam em atingir padrões para o descarte, desconsiderando a qualificação de profissionais e novas técnicas, que possibilitem a recuperação e reciclagem dos resíduos orgânicos. No presente estudo, foi observado que embora a empresa atenda aos padrões no controle do lançamento de poluentes, há carência em estratégias que levem o aumento da reutilização, ambientalmente saudável, dos resíduos gerados. Notou-se um baixo nível de tecnologia aplicada na recuperação de efluentes. Sendo assim, o objetivo do estudo é propor melhorias no manejo e destinação dos resíduos orgânicos pecuários. Espera-se despertar a importância em desenvolver melhorias nas ações existentes relacionadas à conscientização ambiental.Palavras-chave: Resíduos. Impactos Ambientais. Manejo. Conscientização.AbstractDifferent studies in several areas indicate that the organic waste generated in farming activities cause environmental impacts. The high rate of polluting gases emitted by animal waste potentiate the greenhouse effect, intensify the meteorological phenomena and contribute to climate change. Effluent generated in livestock activities contain high contaminant levels changing the properties of water, affecting aquatic biota, rivers and soil. The recovery of organic waste effluents promotes sustainable use of natural resources, but its misuse and waste undermines conservation. In seeking to reduce the waste toxicity, waste-generating companies focus on achieving standards for the disposal disregarding the professionals’ qualification and new techniques that allow the recovery and recycling of organic waste. In this study, it was observed that although the company complies witth standards regarding the pollutants launch control they lack strategies that lead to an increase in reusing environmentally sound the waste generated. It was noted a low level of technology applied in the effluents recovery. Thus, the objective of the study is to propose improvements in the management and disposal of livestock organic waste. It is expected to awaken the importance of developing improvements to existing actions related to environmental awareness.Keywords: Waste. Environmental impacts. Management. Awareness.
Importância da Enfermeira na Orientação da Gestante e Puérpera sobre Aleitamento Materno
Authors: De Oliveira Alves Welin Bianca , Lupo Ana Paula , Ouchi Janaina , Monticelli Paula 
Published: April 2018

O aleitamento materno é um dos fatores primordiais tanto para o recém-nascido como para a mãe, de um lado se depreende a sua função de alimentação dos bebês, por outro lado o desmame precoce se torna um problema para órgãos oficiais de saúde. O presente estudo consiste em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza descritiva, com o objetivo de identificar os trabalhos publicados e relacionados em destacar a importância da amamentação e dos fatores, que determinam a atuação do enfermeiro na promoção dessa prática. A pesquisa reafirma a importância do aleitamento materno, e igualmente destaca os fatores que se interpõem à prática da amamentação, tais como: a atuação dos serviços de saúde, a educação materna, a classe sócio-econômica, as crenças, o apelo do comércio e da indústria de leite e de bicos artificiais e o retorno precoce das nutrizes ao trabalho. A ação educativa e assistencial do enfermeiro é imprescindível para a modificação de comportamento de gestantes e puérperas, para que frente às intercorrências, possam obter êxito, amamentando por um período suficiente, para o pleno desenvolvimento físico e psíquico do bebê.Palavras-chave: Aleitamento Materno. Educação. Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem.AbstractThe maternal lactation is one of the primordial factors not only for the newly-bron but also for the mother, on the one hand its function of feeding the babies, on the other . The present study consists of a bibliographical research, of descriptive nature, with the objective to identify the works already published and related to highlighting the importance of breast-feeding and the factors that determine the nurse’s performance in the promotion of this practice. It can be verified that all material collected reaffirms the importance of the maternal lactation, and equally highlights the factors that are interposed e to the practice one of breast-feeding, such as, the health services performance, the maternal education, the socio-economic class, the beliefs, the dairy industry commercial appeal and the artificial peaks and the precocious return of the breastfeeding mothers to work. The educative and assistance action of the nurse is essential for the modification of behavior of pregnant woman and parturient, so that before the intercurrent, they can reach success, suckling for a enough period, for the full physical and psychic development of the baby.Keywords: Maternal Lactation. Education. Nurse’s Role.
A comparative study of nasal smear and nasal biopsy in the confirmation of the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in a tertiary hospital of Rohtas district, Bihar
Authors: Diwakar Chandrakant , Kumar Sujeet , Seema Kumari , Aslami Ahmad Nadeem , Alwa Bhaskar 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Allergic rhinitis is an IgE mediated immunological response of nasal mucosa to air born allergens is characterized by watery nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing and itching in the nose. Objective of this study was to compare and determine the efficacy of nasal smear and nasal biopsy in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study of total number of patients were 100. These were divided in two group, test and control group and each group contain 50 cases. This study was performed in the period of April 2017 to March 2018 in the department of Otorhinolaryngology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Bihar. Nasal Punch biopsy was taken from the inferior turbinate from the selected patient of allergic rhinitis under local anesthetic agent like 2% Xylocaine with adrenaline. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the patient undergoing the study was 35.88±13.22 in the study group and 32.96±10.71 in the control group. In this study, sample are matched with p=0.228. Eosinophil in nasal smear is significantly more associated with cases with p&lt;0.001. Mast cells in nasal smear is significantly more associated with cases with P=0.006.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nasal biopsy is better than nasal smear in diagnosing eosinophils in case of allergic rhinitis but for diagnosing mast cells biopsy is not sensitive enough in compared to nasal smears. So nasal biopsy can be used as a diagnostic test for allergic rhinitis. </p>
Factors causing delay in diagnosis of head and neck malignancy
Authors: Bajaj Anushree R. , Sheikh Shahnaz , Joshi Samir , Paike Bhalchandra 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Besides etiological factors there are lots of other factors which are responsible for the delay of diagnosis in head and neck malignancies. These include socio-demographic, institutional and other psychological factors. The aim of our article was to emphasize the importance of these unexplored factors in the delay of diagnosis of head and neck malignancies and make an effort to reduce those.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 40 cases of head and neck malignancies in ENT ward of DUPMC hospital were studied. A retrospective study was undertaken using proper history taking and analysis of the patients. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The factors causing delay in the diagnosis were found to delay due to psychological and behavioral 32.5%, delay due to symptom recognition 87.5%, delay due to socio demographic 45%, practioner delay-10%, hospital delay-5%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Measures must be taken to reduce the factors causing deal in diagnosis like, Fear and anxiety about ultimate outcome of cancer should be allayed through various media and stress should be laid on fact that early detection can alter outcome of cancer so as to induce the patient to seek medical help early. Facilities for diagnosis of cancer should be available at accessible centre and only treatment should be left to certain specialized centers.</p>
An association of sensorineural hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Malashetti Santosh , Khavasi Prabhu , Reddy Prasen , Bhargavi Karra 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media of mucosal variety is one of the most common cause of conductive hearing loss worldwide. Sensorinueral hearing loss is rare but well established complication of chronic suppurative otitis media of squamosal variety. We made an attempt to view the sensorineural hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic otitis media and keeping objectives and aims as follows occurrence of sensorinueral hearing loss in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media; relation of sensorinueral component with age, gender and duration in mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 105 cases of mucosal type of CSOM were studied retrospectively for the pattern of hearing impairement on the basis of pure tone audiogram in a Tertiary care hospital. Relation 0f sensorinueral hearing loss with with age, gender and duration in mucosal type of CSOM is compared and tabulated with various studies. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of total 105 cases of CSOM of mucosal variety 30 (28.57%) had sensorinueral hearing loss affecting 13 males and 17 females with males to females ratio of 1:1.3.Mean bone conduction thresholds in males at 1 kh, 2 kh and 4 kh is 30.38%, 38.46% and 46.15% respectively and Mean bone conduction thresholds in females at 1 kh, 2 kh and 4 kh is 30.88%, 35% and 44.41% respectively.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Significant sensorinueral hearing loss was seen in our study. Age, gender and duration didn’t have any impact on degree of sensorinueral hearing loss.</p>
Translation and validation of tinnitus handicap inventory into Gujarati language
Authors: Khilnani Ajeet Kumar 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tinnitus is a very debilitating symptom. Various questionnaires have been developed to quantify the handicap due to tinnitus, out of which THI is widely used. First developed in English language, THI has been adapted in many other languages. In the present study, THI was translated and validated in Gujarati language (THI-Guj).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> THI in English was translated into Gujarati language by the language experts. It was administered to 20 Gujarati speaking people for content validity before finally using on the patients. 68 patients filled the THI-Guj and the scores so obtained were statistically analyzed for reliability scores. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> THI-Guj could classify the patients into slight, mild, moderate, severe and catastrophic tinnitus. The overall Cronbach’s Alpha score for the inventory was 0.980, while scores for the subscales (functional, emotional and catastrophic) were 0.848, 0.853 and 0.896 respectively, indicating an acceptable reliability.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> THI-Guj can be used in assessment and monitoring of tinnitus sufferers, who are Gujarati speakers, by audiologist as well as otologists working in various clinical settings.</p>
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori colonisation in tonsillar tissue in cases of chronic tonsillitis: a prospective study
Authors: Sreejaraj Vellamparambil , Sumam Paul Vazhapilly , Nevil Verghese , Sridevi Karuthedath , Vinayakumar Ariyamparampil Rajagopalan 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Human stomach is not the only reservoir of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> but it has been detected in dental plaques, oral lesions and saliva. It could play role in the pathogenesis of various otorhinolaryngologic problems and remains debatable. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of <em>H. pylori</em> in tonsillar tissue of patients with chronic tonsillitis by rapid urease test in a tertiary hospital in Kerala.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective cross sectional study was done in patients who attended the outpatient department of ENT with a history suggestive of chronic tonsillitis. The patient satisfied the criteria for chronic recurrent tonsillitis were subsequently posted for tonsillectomy. Each specimen was subjected to rapid urease test. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 228 patients were included in this study with age ranging between 3 and 31 years (10.0±7.1), with most common age being &lt;10 years in 159 patients (69.7%). Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Among these, the presence of <em>H. pylori</em> was seen in only 6/228 patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The possibility of tonsillar tissue acting as a reservoir for <em>H. pylori </em>infection is very low.</p>
Bacteriological and mycological profile of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: M. Nagraj , D. E. Premalatha 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is the chronic inflammation of the middle ear cleft. It can cause permanent perforation and is famous for its recurrence and persistent infection. Haphazard use of antibiotics and increasing use of newer ones has led to persistent change in microbial flora. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacteria and fungi causing chronic suppurative otitis media and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the bacterial isolates.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective cross sectional study was done in 70 patients of chronic suppurative otitis media presenting with active ear discharge. Sterile swabs were used to collect pus from discharging ear and sent for culture sensitivity. All organisms isolated were identified according to standard microbiological methods.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>were the most common organisms isolated in this study. Fungi isolated most commonly was <em>Aspergillus species. Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was most sensitive to Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Gentamycin. <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>was most sensitive to Linezolid and vancomycin and least sensitive to Erythromycin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was the most common bacteria isolated and <em>Aspergillus </em>spp was the most common fungi isolated from patients with CSOM. Judicial use of antibiotics is necessary for the prevention of development of antibiotic resistance.</p>
Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy with silicon stent: our experience
Authors: Suri Neeraj , B. M. Bhavya 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Dacryocystorhinostomy is the current surgical modality of treatment preferred for patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Both external and endonasal endoscopic approaches have been in practice with their own merits and demerits. Since the invention of endoscopes, endoscopic DCR is preferred for its scarless, minimally invasive technique and many modifications have been done over years like placement of silicon stents to reduce recurrence.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In our study we evaluated 70 patients with epiphora with obstruction in nasolacrimal duct, Fresh cases and revision cases who had undergone either external and/ endoscopic DCR without stent were included. All patients underwent endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) with silicon stent placement. Patients were followed postoperatively for a period of 6 months to 3 years. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results were compared with that of external DCR and endoscopic DCR without stent. In our study we found that, endoscopic DCR with silicon stent had less chances of recurrence and synechiae formation. Results at 3 years follow up have been good with 95.7% patients relieved of symptoms completely.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Endoscopic DCR is a cost effective and a safe alternative for External DCR in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. We found that endoscopic DCR with stenting had several advantages over more conventional external approach.</p>
Neck node in adult: a dignostic dilemma
Authors: Karanam Lavanya , Ghosh Puja , Sri Raman Gurumani , Das Deepthi 
Published: April 2018

<p>A tender neck mass in adults is a common disease and can be a diagnostic challenge because of its varied presentations, that can range from reactive lymphadenopathy to malignancy. We would like to describe a case report of young male with an enlarged tender neck swelling of short duration. The diagnostic imaging findings mimicked that of scrofula, which prompted a complete workup. Since the other investigations could not prompt to a specific diagnosis, an excision biopsy was performed. The histopathology report showed reactive lymphadenitis and the patient symptomatically improved with broad spectrum antibiotics. We would like to conclude that reactive lymphadenitis can mimic many features of other important differential diagnosis of neck masses. Hence a clinician should have a wide array of suspicion before coming to the definitive diagnosis and management. </p>
Akne Vulgaris ile Beslenme İlişkisi
Authors: ÖMEROĞLU YEL Begümhan , GÜNEŞ Fatma Esra 
Published: April 2018

Özet Akne, kıl-yağ
bezi yapısındaki uzun süreli iltihaplanmalardır. Akne nedenleri günümüzde tam
olarak bilinmemekle birlikte akne ile beslenme arasında bir ilişki olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Çünkü beslenme deri sebum salgı miktarını ve içeriğini değiştirebilmektedir. Amaç: Bu derlemenin amacı süt ve süt ürünleri,
yeşil çay, diyetteki glisemik indeks- glisemik yük, yağ asitleri,
antioksidanlar, A vitamini ve çinko gibi diyet faktörlerinin akne vulgarisin
seyri üzerindeki etkilerini tartışmaktır. Süt tüketiminin,
özellikle de yağsız süt tüketiminin akne oluşumuna katkı sağladığı
bildirilmektedir. Yeşil çaydan elde edilen polifenol ekstratlarının da aknenin
tedavisinde kullanımının komedonlari azalttığı, akne sayısında düşüşe neden
olduğu bulunmuştur. Düşük glisemik indeks-glisemik yük içeren bir diyetin akne
şiddetinde, akne sayısında, serbest androjen indeksinde önemli bir düşüş meydana
getirdiği bulunmuştur. Elzem yağ asitlerinin yetersiz tüketiminin ciltte
yetersiz sebum üretimine yol açtığı bilinmektedir. Serum malondialdehit ve serum glutatyon peroksidaz
seviyelerinin akne şikayeti olan bireylerde daha düşük olduğu ve oksidatif
stres düzeylerinin ise belirgin olarak daha yüksek seviyelerde olduğu
bildirilmiştir. Çalışmalar
düşük A vitamini seviyelerinin akne için bir risk faktörü olabileceğini
göstermektedir. Ayrıca akne şikayeti olan bireylerde çinko seviyeleri anlamlı
olarak düşük bulunmuştur.

Sonuç:Akne şikayeti olan bireylere süt
kısıtlamasının, yeşil çay tüketiminin, düşük glisemik indeks-glisemik yüklü
diyetin tavsiye edilebileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca besinlerin yağ içeriğine,
elzem yağ asitleri tüketim oranına dikkat etmeleri tavsiye edilebilir. Şiddetli
aknede A, E vitamini ve çinko kullanımı tedaviyi destekleyici sonuçlara sebep
olabilmektedir.
The Donora Smog Revisited: 70 Years After the Event That Inspired the Clean Air Act
Authors: Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Burgess Jefferey L. , Abbott Mark B. 
Published: April 2018

At a storefront museum approximately 25 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a sign reads, “Clean Air Started Here.” This is not hyperbole. At the end of October 1948, the communities of Donora and Webster in Pennsylvania were visited by a smog that changed the face of environmental protection in the United States. Conservative estimates showed that 20 individuals died, while an additional 5900—43% of the population of Donora—were affected by the smog. This event led to the first large-scale epidemiological investigation of an environmental health disaster in the United States. Questions remain about the long-term effects of the smog, because higher rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer than were expected were observed in the region in the decade following the smog. Recent work has suggested that environmental contaminants from a bygone era in Donora might have an impact even today. In addition, reports regarding air pollution have indicated that levels of pollutants similar to those estimated to have occurred in Donora are currently present in some rapidly industrializing regions of China and India. Seventy years after the smog, this event still resonates.
Estimating the Health and Economic Impacts of Changes in Local Air Quality
Authors: Carvour Martha L. , Hughes Amy E. , Fann Neal , Haley Robert W. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. To demonstrate the benefits-mapping software Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE), which integrates local air quality data with previously published concentration–response and health–economic valuation functions to estimate the health effects of changes in air pollution levels and their economic consequences.Methods. We illustrate a local health impact assessment of ozone changes in the 10-county nonattainment area of the Dallas–Fort Worth region of Texas, estimating the short-term effects on mortality predicted by 2 scenarios for 3 years (2008, 2011, and 2013): an incremental rollback of the daily 8-hour maximum ozone levels of all area monitors by 10 parts per billion and a rollback-to-a-standard ambient level of 65 parts per billion at only monitors above that level.Results. Estimates of preventable premature deaths attributable to ozone air pollution obtained by the incremental rollback method varied little by year, whereas those obtained by the rollback-to-a-standard method varied by year and were sensitive to the choice of ordinality and the use of preloaded or imported data.Conclusions. BenMAP-CE allows local and regional public health analysts to generate timely, evidence-based estimates of the health impacts and economic consequences of potential policy options in their communities.