bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Growth of 2D Perovskite Capping Layer for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Peng , Bai Yang , Wang Songcan , Lyu Miaoqiang , Yun Jung‐Ho , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2D halide perovskites have recently been recognized as a promising avenue in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of encouraging stability and defect passivation effect. However, the efficiency (less than 15%) of ultrastable 2D Ruddlesden–Popper PSCs still lag far behind their traditional 3D perovskite counterparts. Here, a rationally designed 2D‐3D perovskite stacking‐layered architecture by in situ growing 2D PEA2PbI4 capping layers on top of 3D perovskite film, which drastically improves the stability of PSCs without compromising their high performance, is reported. Such a 2D perovskite capping layer induces larger Fermi‐level splitting in the 2D‐3D perovskite film under light illumination, resulting in an enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and thus a higher efficiency of 18.51% in the 2D‐3D PSCs. Time‐resolved photoluminescence decay measurements indicate the facilitated hole extraction in the 2D‐3D stacking‐layered perovskite films, which is ascribed to the optimized energy band alignment and reduced nonradiative recombination at the subgap states. Benefiting from the high moisture resistivity as well as suppressed ion migration of the 2D perovskite, the 2D‐3D PSCs show significantly improved long‐term stability, retaining nearly 90% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h exposure in the ambient conditions with a high relative humidity level of 60 ± 10%.
Broad‐Spectrum Neutralization of Pore‐Forming Toxins with Human Erythrocyte Membrane‐Coated Nanosponges
Authors: Chen Yijie , Chen Mengchun , Zhang Yue , Lee Joo Hee , Escajadillo Tamara , Gong Hua , Fang Ronnie H. , Gao Weiwei , Nizet Victor , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeutralization of bacterial toxins has become a compelling approach to treating bacterial infections as it may pose less selective pressure for the development of bacterial resistance. Currently, the majority of toxin neutralization platforms act by targeting the molecular structure of the toxin, which requires toxin identification and customized design for different diseases. Therefore, their development has been challenged by the enormous number and complexity of bacterial toxins. Herein, biomimetic toxin nanosponges are formulated by coating membranes of human red blood cells (hRBCs) onto polymeric nanoparticles, which act as a toxin decoy to absorb and neutralize a broad‐spectrum of hemolytic toxins regardless of their molecular structure. When tested with model pore‐forming toxins, including melittin, α‐hemolysin of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes, and streptolysin O of Group A Streptococcus, the hRBC nanosponges are able to completely inhibit toxin‐induced hemolysis in a concentration‐dependent manner. In addition, the nanosponge‐detained toxins show no cytotoxicity when tested on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and no lethality when injected into mice, which together indicate effective toxin neutralization. Overall, these results demonstrate the broad applicability and high effectiveness of the hRBC nanosponges as a novel antivirulence platform against hemolytic toxins from various strains of bacteria.
Tunable Tribotronic Dual‐Gate Logic Devices Based on 2D MoS2 and Black Phosphorus
Authors: Gao Guoyun , Wan Bensong , Liu Xingqiang , Sun Qijun , Yang Xiaonian , Wang Longfei , Pan Caofeng , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith the Moore's law hitting the bottleneck of scaling‐down in size (below 10 nm), personalized and multifunctional electronics with an integration of 2D materials and self‐powering technology emerge as a new direction of scientific research. Here, a tunable tribotronic dual‐gate logic device based on a MoS2 field‐effect transistor (FET), a black phosphorus FET and a sliding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported. The triboelectric potential produced from the TENG can efficiently drive the transistors and logic devices without applying gate voltages. High performance tribotronic transistors are achieved with on/off ratio exceeding 106 and cutoff current below 1 pA μm–1. Tunable electrical behaviors of the logic device are also realized, including tunable gains (improved to ≈13.8) and power consumptions (≈1 nW). This work offers an active, low‐power‐consuming, and universal approach to modulate semiconductor devices and logic circuits based on 2D materials with TENG, which can be used in microelectromechanical systems, human–machine interfacing, data processing and transmission.
Transient SHG Imaging on Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of MoS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Jang Houk , Dhakal Krishna P. , Joo Kyung‐Il , Yun Won Seok , Shinde Sachin M. , Chen Xiang , Jeong Soon Moon , Lee Suk Woo , Lee Zonghoon , Lee JaeDong , Ahn Jong‐Hyun , Kim Hyunmin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the collaborative behaviors of the excitons and phonons that result from light–matter interactions is important for interpreting and optimizing the underlying fundamental physics at work in devices made from atomically thin materials. In this study, the generation of exciton‐coupled phonon vibration from molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets in a pre‐excitonic resonance condition is reported. A strong rise‐to‐decay profile for the transient second‐harmonic generation (TSHG) of the probe pulse is achieved by applying substantial (20%) beam polarization normal to the nanosheet plane, and tuning the wavelength of the pump beam to the absorption of the A‐exciton. The time‐dependent TSHG signals clearly exhibit acoustic phonon generation at vibration modes below 10 cm−1 (close to the Γ point) after the photoinduced energy is transferred from exciton to phonon in a nonradiative fashion. Interestingly, by observing the TSHG signal oscillation period from MoS2 samples of varying thicknesses, the speed of the supersonic waves generated in the out‐of‐plane direction (Mach 8.6) is generated. Additionally, TSHG microscopy reveals critical information about the phase and amplitude of the acoustic phonons from different edge chiralities (armchair and zigzag) of the MoS2 monolayers. This suggests that the technique could be used more broadly to study ultrafast physics and chemistry in low‐dimensional materials and their hybrids with ultrahigh fidelity.
In Situ Grown Epitaxial Heterojunction Exhibits High‐Performance Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Zhu Changrong , Wang An‐Liang , Xiao Wen , Chao Dongliang , Zhang Xiao , Tiep Nguyen Huy , Chen Shi , Kang Jiani , Wang Xin , Ding Jun , Wang John , Zhang Hua , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractElectrocatalytic performance can be enhanced by engineering a purposely designed nanoheterojunction and fine‐tuning the interface electronic structure. Herein a new approach of developing atomic epitaxial in‐growth in Co‐Ni3N nanowires array is devised, where a nanoconfinement effect is reinforced at the interface. The Co‐Ni3N heterostructure array is formed by thermal annealing NiCo2O4 precursor nanowires under an optimized condition, during which the nanowire morphology is retained. The epitaxial in‐growth structure of Co‐Ni3N at nanometer scale facilitates the electron transfer between the two different domains at the epitaxial interface, leading to a significant enhancement in catalytic activities for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (10 and 16 times higher in the respective turn‐over frequency compared to Ni3N‐alone nanorods). The interface transfer effect is verified by electronic binding energy shift and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This nanoconfinement effect occurring during in situ atomic epitaxial in‐growth of the two compatible materials shows an effective pathway toward high‐performance electrocatalysis and energy storages.
A Magnetofluorescent Carbon Dot Assembly as an Acidic H2O2‐Driven Oxygenerator to Regulate Tumor Hypoxia for Simultaneous Bimodal Imaging and Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Jia Qingyan , Ge Jiechao , Liu Weimin , Zheng Xiuli , Chen Shiqing , Wen Yongmei , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Pengfei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecent studies indicate that carbon dots (CDs) can efficiently generate singlet oxygen (1O2) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. However, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and rapid consumption of oxygen in the PDT process will severely limit therapeutic effects of CDs due to the oxygen‐dependent PDT. Thus, it is becoming particularly important to develop a novel CD as an in situ tumor oxygenerator for overcoming hypoxia and substantially enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, for the first time, magnetofluorescent Mn‐CDs are successfully prepared using manganese(II) phthalocyanine as a precursor. After cooperative self‐assembly with DSPE‐PEG, the obtained Mn‐CD assembly can be applied as a smart contrast agent for both near‐infrared fluorescence (FL) (maximum peak at 745 nm) and T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) (relaxivity value of 6.97 mM−1 s−1) imaging. More interestingly, the Mn‐CD assembly can not only effectively produce 1O2 (quantum yield of 0.40) but also highly catalyze H2O2 to generate oxygen. These collective properties of the Mn‐CD assembly enable it to be utilized as an acidic H2O2‐driven oxygenerator to increase the oxygen concentration in hypoxic solid tumors for simultaneous bimodal FL/MR imaging and enhanced PDT. This work explores a new biomedical use of CDs and provides a versatile carbon nanomaterial candidate for multifunctional nanotheranostic applications.
Magneto‐Optical Modulation of Photonic Spin Hall Effect of Graphene in Terahertz Region
Authors: Tang Tingting , Li Jie , Luo Li , Sun Ping , Yao Jianquan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMagneto‐optical (MO) modulation of the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) of transmitted light in graphene–substrate system in terahertz region is proposed. The expressions for PSHE shifts of left‐handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right‐handed circularly polarized (RHCP) components are derived based on angular spectrum analysis. PSHE shifts and their physical mechanisms are discussed in detail in the presence of different relaxation time and Fermi energy of graphene based on simulation results. The potential applications of MO‐modulated PSHE in multichannel switch and barcode encryption are also proposed and discussed. The MO‐modulated PSHE in graphene–substrate system provides a new mechanism to realize photonic devices in the terahertz region.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Arylative Transformations of Propargylic Diols: Dual Role of the Rhodium Catalyst
Authors: Xing Junhao , Zhu Yong , Lin Xiao , Liu Na , Shen Yue , Lu Tao , Dou Xiaowei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractControllable synthesis of a variety of allenic alcohols and 2,5‐dihydrofurans by rhodium(I)‐catalyzed arylative transformations of propargylic diols is reported. The hydroxorhodium catalyst was found to play dual role: it catalyzed the arylation/dehydroxylation reaction of propargylic diols to afford allenic alcohols, and besides, it could convert to a cationic rhodium species in situ, which catalyzed the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of allenic alcohols to form dihydrofurans. Remarkably, generation of the cationic rhodium species is dependent on the arylboron reagent used. Thus, the controllable synthesis is achieved by simply changing the arylboron reagent.magnified image
Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces Between Au (111) and Thiolated Oligophenylenes of Increasing Chain Size: Theoretical Evidence of Pinning Effects
Authors: Diez‐Cabanes Valentin , Gonzalez Sandra Rodriguez , Osella Silvio , Cornil David , Van Dyck Colin , Cornil Jérôme 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a detailed theoretical characterization of the energetic alignment between the HOMO level of a series of thiolated oligophenylenes of increasing chain size, and the Fermi level of gold electrodes, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations for molecular self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) chemisorbed on an Au (111) surface, and the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism coupled to DFT for single molecule junctions. The additional role of the dynamic electronic polarization effects neglected in standard DFT calculations is also discussed. Interestingly, whereas the HOMO energy varies significantly among the unsubstituted oligomers in the gas phase, their alignment with respect to the Fermi level of the electrode is almost insensitive to chain size upon chemisorption, thus pointing to a strong pinning effect. The energy at which the HOMO is pinned strongly depends on the degree of interfacial hybridization, and hence on the contact geometry, as well as on the degree of surface coverage although a different mechanism enters into play.
Device Physics of Hybrid Perovskite Solar cells: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Lopez‐Varo Pilar , Jiménez‐Tejada Juan A. , García‐Rosell Manuel , Ravishankar Sandheep , Garcia‐Belmonte Germà , Bisquert Juan , Almora Osbel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit a series of distinctive features in their optoelectronic response which have a crucial influence on the performance, particularly for long‐time response. Here, a survey of recent advances both in device simulation and optoelectronic and photovoltaic responses is provided, with the aim of comprehensively covering recent advances. Device simulations are included with clarifying discussions about the implications of classical drift–diffusion modeling and the inclusion of ionic charged layers near the outer carrier selective contacts. The outcomes of several transient techniques are summarized, along with the discussion of impedance and capacitive responses upon variation of bias voltage and irradiance level. In relation to the capacitive response, a discussion on the J–V curve hysteresis is also included. Although alternative models and explanations are included in the discussion, the review relies upon a key mechanism able to yield most of the rich experimental responses. Particularly for state‐of‐the‐art solar cells exhibiting efficiencies around or exceeding 20%, outer interfaces play a determining role on the PSC's performance. The ionic and electronic kinetics in the vicinity of the interfaces, coupled to surface recombination and carrier extraction mechanisms, should be carefully explored to progress further in performance enhancement.
Improving the Performance and Stability of Inverted Planar Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Employing a Novel NDI‐Based Polymer as the Electron Transport Layer
Authors: Kim Hong Il , Kim Myeong‐Jong , Choi Kyoungwon , Lim Chaesung , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Park Taiho 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA new naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based polymer with strong electron withdrawing dicyanothiophene (P(NDI2DT‐TTCN)) is developed as the electron transport layer (ETL) in place of the fullerene‐based ETL in inverted perovskite solar cells (Pero‐SCs). A combination of characterization techniques, including atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy, space‐charge‐limited current, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and time‐resolved PL decay, is used to demonstrate the interface phenomena between perovskite and P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). It is found that P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) not only improves the electron extraction ability but also prevents ambient condition interference by forming a hydrophobic ETL surface. In addition, P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) has excellent mechanical stability compared to PCBM in flexible Pero‐SCs. With these improved functionalities, the performance of devices based on P(NDI2DT‐TTCN) significantly outperform those based on PCBM from 14.3 to 17.0%, which is the highest photovoltaic performance with negligible hysteresis in the field of polymeric ETLs.
High‐Performance Thick‐Film All‐Polymer Solar Cells Created Via Ternary Blending of a Novel Wide‐Bandgap Electron‐Donating Copolymer
Authors: Fan Baobing , Zhu Peng , Xin Jingming , Li Ning , Ying Lei , Zhong Wenkai , Li Zhenye , Ma Wei , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel wide‐bandgap electron‐donating copolymer containing an electron‐deficient, difluorobenzotriazole building block with a siloxane‐terminated side chain is developed. The resulting polymer, poly{(4,8‐bis(4,5‐dihexylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐co‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐5,6‐difluoro‐2‐(6‐(1,1,1,3,5,5,5‐heptamethyltri‐siloxan‐3‐yl)hexyl)‐2H‐benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole} (PBTA‐Si), is used to successfully fabricate high‐performance, ternary, all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) insensitive to the active layer thickness. An impressively high fill factor of ≈76% is achieved with various ternary‐blending ratios. The optimized all‐PSCs attain a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.17% with an active layer thickness of 350 nm and maintain a PCE over 8% for thicknesses over 400 nm, which is the highest reported efficiency for thick all‐PSCs. These results can be attributed to efficient charge transfer, additional energy transfer, high and balanced charge transport, and weak recombination behavior in the photoactive layer. Moreover, the photoactive layers of the ternary all‐PSCs are processed in a nonhalogenated solvent, 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran, which greatly improves their compatibility with large‐scale manufacturing.
Engineered MoSe2‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Najafi Leyla , Bellani Sebastiano , Oropesa‐Nuñez Reinier , Ansaldo Alberto , Prato Mirko , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Bonaccorso Francesco 
Published: February 2018

Abstract2D transition metal‐dichalcogenides are emerging as efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, only the edge sites of their trigonal prismatic phase show HER‐electrocatalytic properties, while the basal plane, which is absent of defective/unsaturated sites, is inactive. Herein, the authors tackle the key challenge of increasing the number of electrocatalytic sites by designing and engineering heterostructures composed of single‐/few‐layer MoSe2flakes and carbon nanomaterials (graphene or single‐wall carbon nanotubes) produced by solution processing. The electrochemical coupling between the materials that comprise the heterostructure effectively enhances the HER‐electrocatalytic activity of the native MoSe2flakes. The optimization of the mass loading of MoSe2flakes and their electrode assembly via monolithic heterostructure stacking provides a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2at overpotential of 100 mV, a Tafel slope of 63 mV dec−1, and an exchange current density (j0) of 0.203 µA cm−2. In addition, thermal and chemical treatments are exploited to texturize the basal planes of the MoSe2flakes (through Se‐vacancies creation) and to achieve in situ semiconducting‐to‐metallic phase conversion, respectively, thus they activate new HER‐electrocatalytic sites. The as‐engineered electrodes show a 4.8‐fold enhancement ofj0and a decrease in the Tafel slope to 54 mV dec−1.
Stable Lithium Electrodeposition at Ultra‐High Current Densities Enabled by 3D PMF/Li Composite Anode
Authors: Fan Lei , Zhuang Houlong L. , Zhang Weidong , Fu Yao , Liao Zhihao , Lu Yingying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage due to their high energy densities on both weight and volume bases. However, LMBs usually undergo uncontrollable lithium deposition, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and volume expansion, which easily lead to low Coulombic efficiency, poor cycling performance, and even safety hazards, hindering their practical applications for more than forty years. These issues can be further exacerbated if operated at high current densities. Here a stable lithium metal battery enabled by 3D porous poly‐melamine‐formaldehyde (PMF)/Li composite anode is reported. PMF with a large number of polar groups (amine and triazine) can effectively homogenize Li‐ion concentration when these ions approach to the anode surface and thus achieve uniform Li deposition. Moreover, the 3D structured anode can serve as a Li host to mitigate the volume change during Li stripping and plating process. Galvanostatic measurements demonstrate that the 3D composite electrode can achieve high‐lithium Coulombic efficiency of 94.7% at an ultrahigh current density of 10 mA cm−2 after 50 cycles with low hysteresis and smooth voltage plateaus. When coupled with Li4Ti5O12, half‐cells show enhanced rate capabilities and Coulombic efficiencies, opening great opportunities for high‐energy batteries.
Glissonean pedicle approach in liver surgery
Authors: Yamamoto Masakazu , Ariizumi Shun‐ichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGlisson's capsule was discovered by Johannis Walaeus in 1640 and described by Francis Glisson in 1654. The capsule wraps the hepatic artery, the portal vein and the bile duct in the liver and forms bundles at the hepatic hilus and in the liver as the Glissonean pedicle tree. Glisson's capsule does not connect to the proper membrane of the liver, which was discovered by Laennec; therefore, the Glissonean pedicles can be detached from the liver parenchyma without liver dissection. Couinaud described three main approaches to control the inflow system at the hepatic hilus in liver surgery; the intrafascial approach, the extrafascial and transfissural approach, and the extrafascial approach. The intrafascial approach is the so‐called control method. The extrafascial and transfissural approach, and the extrafascial approach are recognized as the Glissonean pedicle approach. When the Glissonean pedicles are ligated before liver transection, various types of anatomical hepatectomy can be carried out. The Glissonean pedicle approach is, therefore, considered to be one of the most important procedures in liver surgery. We herein describe the historical aspects and procedures of the Glissonean pedicle approach in liver surgery.
Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ultrafiltration membranes from PVC/additive/solvent and application of UF membranes as substrate for fabrication of reverse osmosis membranes
Authors: Sabzi Dizajikan Behnam , Asadollahi Mahdieh , Musavi Seyyed Abbas , Bastani Dariush 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTUltrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as main polymer, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as additive, and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent using Design Expert software for designing the experiments. The membranes were characterized by SEM, contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy. The performance of UF membranes was evaluated by pure water flux (PWF) and blue indigo dye particle rejection. In addition, the molecular weight cutoff of UF membranes was determined by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) rejection. The UF membranes were used as substrates for fabrication of polyamide thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The results showed that the model had high reliability for prediction of PWF of UF membranes. Also, increment in PVC concentration caused reduction of PWF. Moreover, at constant PVC concentration and if the concentrations of PVC was lower than 10 wt %, the PWF reduced by increasing the concentration of PVP. However, at PVC concentration higher than 11 wt %, increment in PVP concentration showed increment and reduction of PWF. The PEG rejection results showed that the prepared membranes had UF membranes properties. Finally, the NaCl rejection tests of RO membranes by PVC as substrates indicated that the performance of RO membranes were lower than commercial membranes. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46267.