bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic transient analysing of neutral bus in UHVDC converter station
Authors: Wang Yunchao , Yu Zhanqing , Mou Ya , Liu Fan , Xie Shijun , Shuiming Chen , Zeng Rong , He Jingliang 
Published: January 2019

Transient processes at neutral bus of ultra‐high value direct current (UHVDC) converter station received insufficient attention, because of the lower amplitude compare to poles. However due to the lower insulation level, electromagnetic transient processes at neutral bus may cause serious fault, and become an important issue that should be studied carefully in the design stage. A method to analyse the electromagnetic transient based on time‐domain wide‐band circuit simulation is proposed in this study. Models of major equipment are described. The electromagnetic transient of a ±800 kV converter station is calculated. The transient under different operation statuses is compared. Effects of suppression method such as arresters and capacitors are analysed.
Frakturen am Knie: Bildgebung
Authors: Beller Lukas , El Attal René 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Röntgenuntersuchung ist der Goldstandard für die Frakturdiagnostik. Mit den verschiedenen Projektionen können außerdem Operationsplanung, intraoperative Kontrolle, Verlaufsbeurteilung und Funktionsprüfung durchgeführt werden. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die gängigsten Röntgenprojektionen am Knie, deren Indikationen samt Einstelltechniken. Weiterführende Schnittbilddiagnostik (CT, MRT) wird ebenso besprochen.
Assessment of the Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Osteocalcin Levels with Metabolic Syndrome in Non-Osteoporotic Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Guney Gurhan , Sener-Simsek Bilge , Tokmak Aytekin , Yucel Aykan , Buyukkagnici Umran , Yilmaz Nafiye , Engin-Ustun Yaprak , Ozgu-Erdinc A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare serum vitamin D and osteocalcin levels in non-osteoporotic postmenopausal women with and without metabolic syndrome and to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin D and osteocalcin levels and the relationships between these two factors and other clinical/biochemical parameters.
Material and Method This cross-sectional study was carried out in 191 postmenopausal non-osteoporotic (T-score > − 2.5) women. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Blood samples were obtained and evaluated for 25-hydroxyvitamin D, osteocalcin, insulin resistance (using a homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), calcium, phosphorus, deoxypyridinoline, thyroid-stimulating hormone, lipid profile, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Demographic and laboratory parameters were recorded for each woman.
Results Vitamin D was found to be lower in women with metabolic syndrome compared to controls (16.1 ± 11.2 vs. 20.4 ± 13.1 mg/dL; p = 0.013). Similarly, osteocalcin was found to be significantly lower in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group (4.2 ± 2.1 vs. 5.5 ± 3.0; p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between vitamin D and osteocalcin levels (r = 0.198; p = 0.008). There was an inverse correlation between vitamin D and some of the lipid parameters. However, osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with C-reactive protein, insulin resistance, and HbA1c in both groups (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.048, respectively).
Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common in postmenopausal women, even in women who are non-osteoporotic. Serum levels of vitamin D are significantly decreased in cases with metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D may directly improve serum lipid profiles and may indirectly decrease insulin resistance and subclinical systemic inflammation through the impact on the metabolic functions of osteocalcin.
Correlation Between Violence and Antipsychotic Dosage in Schizophrenia: A Secondary Analysis of The Clinical Antipsychotic Trials for Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) Dataset
Authors: Tasmim Samia , Kolla Nathan J. , Dada Oluwagbenga , Bani-Fatemi Ali , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Introduction Violent behavior is more common in individuals with schizophrenia, compared to the general population. Studies suggest higher psychotic symptoms are predictive of greater violent behavior. On the other hand, violent behaviors are reduced with antipsychotic treatment. However, the relationship between antipsychotic dosage and violence has not been studied to date. Thus, we aimed to determine if there exists an association between antipsychotic dosage and violence scores and whether the maximum violence would be predictive of the final antipsychotic dosage. We hypothesized that the violence scores at the final assessment in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials for Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) would be correlated with the corresponding drug dosage and the maximum violence severity score would be predictive of the final dosage.
Methods Antipsychotic dosage at the end of the trial was converted into defined daily dosage and chlorpromazine equivalents (CPZe). Final and maximum violence sum scores were analyzed from the final violence assessment interviews. Spearman’s rank-order correlation and linear regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between the violence scores and standardized antipsychotic dosages.
Results The analysis was on 952 individuals with schizophrenia. There was a significant association between maximum violence severity score and the final CPZe dosage (p=0.049). Exploratory analysis of age and ethnicity revealed younger non-white individuals to be at a higher risk of engaging in violent activities.
Discussion Violence in schizophrenia is associated with poor illness course. Further studies focusing on violence in younger non-white individuals are warranted.
Clinical Manifestation and Mutation Spectrum of 53 Unrelated Pedigrees with Protein S Deficiency in China
Authors: Li Lei , Wu Xi , Wu Wenman , Ding Qiulan , Cai Xiaohong , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProtein S (PS) deficiency is associated with a 10-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but its diagnosis is quite difficult and complicated. In this study, we identified 53 unrelated pedigrees with PS deficiency in China. Data of their clinical characteristics and laboratory examinations were collected. Genetic analysis of PROS1 including direct sequencing, copy number variant detection and messenger ribonucleic acid analysis was performed in probands and related family members. Of these 53 probands, 52.8% (28/53) experienced multi-site and/or recurrent thrombotic episodes, mainly manifested as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism (82.7%). Additional risk factors of VTE were observed in 39.6% (21/53) probands who exhibited a significantly higher rate of recurrent VTE compared with those not, in which 7 probands were complicated by anti-phospholipid syndrome. Most probands and family members exhibited quantitative PS deficiency with impairment of both activated protein C and tissue factor pathway inhibitor cofactor activities. Note that 87.2% (34/39) PROS1 detectable mutation rate was obtained through comprehensive phenotypic and genetic analysis. A total of 36 PROS1 causative mutations including 16 novel mutations were identified in 48 probands, whereas no PROS1 mutations were detected in the other 5 probands. Three hotspot mutations (Glu67Ala, Arg561Trp and Tyr560*) were identified in the Chinese population for the first time. This article provides a framework for correlating the clinical pathogenesis of PS deficiency to genetic backgrounds in the Chinese population.
Headache, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks, and Pseudomeningoceles after Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas: Efficacy of Venous Sinus Stenting Suggests Cranial Venous Outflow Compromise as a Unifying Pathophysiological Mechanism
Authors: Higgins J. Nicholas , Macfarlane Robert , Axon Patrick R. , Mannion Richard A. , Tysome James R. , Donnelly Neil , Moffat David A. , Pickard John D. 
Published: January 2019

Background Regardless of the operative approach, headache, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and pseudomeningoceles remain disproportionately common problems after surgery for vestibular schwannomas and have a significant negative impact on quality of life and potential to return to full employment. Recent work has raised the possibility that these problems may, in part, be related to acquired obstruction of cranial venous outflow. This article explores this idea further with respect to a group of patients with severe and intractable symptoms.
Objective The main objective of this article is to describe our experience diagnosing, investigating, and treating cranial venous outflow obstruction following translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannomas.
Methods Retrospective review of all patients (n = 9) at our institution referred for sigmoid sinus stenting following translabyrinthine surgery.
Results Headache resolved or improved after sigmoid stenting in all five patients in whom it was the primary symptom. CSF leak was the primary problem in two patients. In one, the leak was unchanged, but headache improved. In the other, the leak resolved, and headache improved. Two patients had symptomatic pseudomeningoceles and both resolved
Conclusion Assuming a meticulous approach to wound closure, a CSF leak following surgery for vestibular schwannoma can be viewed as a pathological, but essentially homeostatic, response to raised intracranial pressure caused by acquired obstruction to cranial venous outflow. Postoperative headache (from high or low intracranial pressure) and CSF leaks, therefore, may all respond to measures aimed at eliminating the obstructing lesion.
Concurrent Pulmonary, Intracranial, Intramedullary Tuberculoma, and Their Response to Conservative Management
Authors: Khan Sohael , Gupta Suvarn , Jain Shashank , Singhania Shraddha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTuberculomas of the central nervous system are common. However, the incidence of intraspinal intramedullary tuberculomas is very low, and a combination of intramedullary, intracranial, and pulmonary tuberculomas is extremely rare. We report a case of tuberculoma involving the brain and spine with pulmonary tuberculosis in a 46-year-old man initially presenting with back pain and weakness of both lower extremities. Conservative treatment with antituberculous medications resulted in complete resolution of his symptoms.
Birth Control Pills and Thrombotic Risks: Differences of Contraception Methods with and without Estrogen
Authors: Rott Hannelore 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn Germany one-third of the women in fertile age use combined oral contraceptives (COCs), which consist mostly of ethinylestradiol (EE) and a synthetic progestin. Older COCs with norethisterone or levonorgestrel have a lower risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) than newer COCs with desogestrel, drospirenone, or gestodene. This is also true for nonoral combined hormonal contraceptives. The risk of newer COCs containing estradiol instead of EE is not clear due to missing data. Progestin-only hormonal contraception is not associated with a significant increase of the risk for VTE with the exception of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Emergency contraceptions, which do not contain EE, but only levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, do not result in a higher risk for VTE. Oral desogestrel- or levonorgestrel-only contraceptives, intrauterine device, and etonogestrel implants are the contraception of choice in women with a history of VTE and/or suffering from thrombophilia. These safe contraceptives should be offered to women with high risk of VTE due to the much higher VTE risk in pregnancy and postpartum. The screening for thrombophilia is not indicated in every woman with the wish for contraception. This should be restricted to certain cases, for example to women with a positive history for VTE or with close relatives suffering from VTE in younger than 50 years.
Ursachen und Therapie des Delirs
Authors: Maschke Matthias 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDelirium is a potentially life-threating acute disease accompanied by a mortality up to 30 % of all affected patients. It occurs more frequently in older patients ≥ 65 years. Delirium is defined as acute onset of disturbances in attention, awareness and cognition that develops within a short period of time and fluctuates in severity. It can be subdivided in hyperactive, hypoactive and a mixed type. The hypoactive type occurs more frequently in geriatric patients and has the highest mortality of all types. Differential diagnosis of delirium include stroke, central nervous system infection, metabolic diseases, disturbances in electrolytes as well as Wernicke encephalopathy and psychiatric diseases. Treatment should be initiated rapidly and includes non-pharmacological interventions and specific pharmacological treatments. The review summarizes diagnosis and clinical management of patients with delirium.
Thermomagnetic recording fidelity of nanometer-sized iron and implications for planetary magnetism
Authors: Nagy Lesleis , Williams Wyn , Tauxe Lisa , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Ferreira Idenildo 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceExtraterrestrial rocks that contain particles of iron or kamacite are thought to carry paleomagnetic recordings from the time of the formation of the Solar System. Interpretation of these recordings has hitherto falsely assumed particles were uniformly magnetized. We have reexamined the magnetic recording reliability of these minerals using numerical models that account for the more complex magnetic structures that are likely to exist and show that iron and kamacite particles are exceptionally good and thermally stable recorders of ancient magnetic fields, dominated by the recording made when iron cools through its Curie point. Additional recordings for thermal events that occur substantially below the Curie temperature will be difficult to extract from iron-dominated samples.
Water quality monitoring and evaluation using remote sensing techniques in China: a systematic review
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yang Wu 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
: The application of remote-sensing techniques for water quality assessment has become increasingly popular in China. However, existing reviews are often limited to qualitative description and are quite fragmented.

Outcomes
: We conducted a quantitative systematic review to display current research status and identify the existing challenges and future directions. Our review revealed that the application of remote-sensing techniques in water quality research has expanded dramatically in China, but the spatial distribution is quite uneven. Second, the ground object spectrometer is the most widely applied data source. Water color indicators such as chlorophyll a and suspended solid are the most widely investigated in China. Third, semiempirical method is the most commonly used inversion method. Existing studies rarely considered the anthropogenic factors, which limited the model robustness and its application in human-dominated aquatic ecosystems.

Discussion and Conclusion
: We concluded that, in the past several decades, China has made notable progresses in monitoring and evaluation of water quality using the remote-sensing techniques (especially in inland lakes). We proposed that further improvements would be needed in terms of temporal and spatial coverage, indicator list, the incorporation of human–nature interactions, inversion accuracy, and model generalization.
Mass concentration and chemical composition of submicron particulate matter (PM1) in the Polish urban areas
Authors: Rogula-Kozłowska W , Majewski G , Rogula-Kopiec P , Mathews B 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Samples of PM1 were collected at two urban background sites, one in Zabrze and one in Warsaw (Poland), in summer (24 June - 22 August 2014) and winter (8 January - 8 March 2015) in parallel. At each site, in each season, 60 diurnal (24-h) samples were taken. The samples were analyzed for carbon (organic OC, and elemental, EC) and water soluble ions (Na+, NH4
+, Cl−, SO4
2−, NO3
−) by using, respectively, a Sunset Laboratory carbon analyzer and a Herisau Metrohm AG ion chromatograph. Each 24-h sample of PM1 was checked for mass closure using the categorization of the chemical components into: primary (POM) and secondary (SOM) organic matter, secondary inorganic matter (SIM), elemental carbon (EC), and sodium and chlorine (Na_Cl). The seasonal effects, typical of urban areas in Poland, are clearly seen in the whole series of the 24-hour PM1 concentrations. Most of the PM1components and PM1 had their mean concentrations higher in winter than in summer. Secondary aerosol (SOM+SIM) accounts for approx. 55% of the PM1 mass in Warsaw and 40% in Zabrze.
Tetralogy of Fallot and abnormal coronary artery: use of a prosthetic conduit is outdated
Authors: Pontailler Margaux , Bernard Chloé , Gaudin Régis , Moreau de Bellaing Anne , Mostefa Kara Mansour , Haydar Ayman , Barbanti Claudio , Bonnet Damien , Vouhé Pascal , Raisky Olivier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOBJECTIVESRepair of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) can be challenging in the presence of an abnormal coronary artery (CA) in 5–12% of cases. The aim of this study was to report our experience with ToF repair without the systematic use of a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) conduit.METHODSWe conducted a monocentric retrospective study from 2000 to 2016, including 943 patients with ToF who underwent biventricular repair, of whom 8% (n = 76) presented with an abnormal CA. Mean follow-up time was 50 months (1 month–18 years).RESULTSThe most frequent CA anomaly was the left descending artery arising from the right CA (n = 47, 61.8%). The median age at repair was 7.7 months (1.8 months–16 years). Thirteen patients (17%) required prior palliation, mostly systemic pulmonary shunts for anoxic spells in the neonatal period. Surgical repair allowed us to preserve the annulus in 40 patients (53%) by combining PA trunk plasty, commissurotomy and infundibulotomy under the abnormal CA. If the annulus had to be opened (n = 35, 46%), a transannular patch was inserted after a vertical incision of the PA trunk and extended obliquely on the RV over the anomalous crossing CA (with an infundibulotomy under the abnormal CA). Three patients (4%) required the insertion of an RV-PA conduit (1 valved tube and 2 RV-PA GORE-TEX tubes with annulus conservation). The early mortality rate was 4% (n = 3); none of the deaths was coronary related. Four patients (5%) required reoperation (2 early and 2 late reoperations) for residual pulmonary stenosis, 3 of whom had annulus preservation during the initial repair. The mean RV/left ventricle (LV) pressure ratio and an RV/LV pressure ratio >2/3 were identified as risk factors for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reinterventions (P = 0.0026, P = 0.0085, respectively), RVOT reoperations (P = 0.0002 for both) and reoperation for RVOT residual stenosis (P = 0.0002, P = 0.0014, respectively). Two patients underwent pulmonary valve replacement. Freedom from late reoperation was 100% at 1 year, 97% at 5 years and 84% at 10 and 15 years.CONCLUSIONSRepair of ToF and abnormal CA can be performed without an RV-PA conduit, with an acceptable low reintervention rate. The high early mortality rate in this series remains a concern. If any doubt remains about the surgical relief of the RVOT obstruction, the RV/LV pressure ratio should always be measured in the operating room.
A Pilot Study to Reduce Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Children From Extremely Low-Income Settings With Intestinal Failure—Meeting the Challenge
Authors: Fuchs Inbal , Rosenbaum Dov , Klein Ilana , Einhorn Menachem , Pinsk Vered , Shelef Yonat , Sherf Amir , Press Yan , Yerushalmi Baruch 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundCentral line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are major sources of morbidity, death, and healthcare costs in patients who receive home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The majority of HPN-dependent children in southern Israel reside in poor communities with substandard living conditions, which creates significant challenges for the safe provision of HPN. We developed a pilot intervention that aimed to reduce the rates of CLABSI and central venous catheter (CVC) replacements in this vulnerable population in our region.MethodsBetween 2012 and 2014, all HPN-dependent children with intestinal failure who were treated in our center, received HPN through a Hickman catheter, and experienced at least 1 previous CLABSI episode participated in the intervention. The intervention included home visits to assess the caregivers’ CVC-handling technique, instillation of prophylactic ethanol lock solution, and the convening of regular multidisciplinary staff debriefings. We calculated CLABSI and CVC-replacement rates before and after the intervention.ResultsEight patients who served as their own historical controls were included in the intervention (total of 2544 catheter-days during the intervention period). The mean CLABSI rate decreased from 9.62 to 0.79 CLABSI episodes per 1000 catheter-days; the CVC-replacement rate decreased from 2.5 to 1.2 replacements per 1000 catheter-days in the preintervention and intervention periods respectively. The median hospital length of stay and individual monthly cost of medical care decreased compared to those found in the preintervention period.ConclusionsThe results of this study offer a proof of concept for a strategy to reduce CLABSI rates in pediatric patients who reside in remote and low-resource environments and are undergoing HPN.
β-citronellol alters cell surface properties of Candida albicans to influence pathogenicity related traits
Authors: Sharma Yamini , Rastogi Sumit Kumar , Perwez Ahmad , Rizvi Moshahid Alam , Manzoor Nikhat 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The pathogenicity of Candida albicans, an opportunistic human fungal pathogen, is attributed to several virulence factors. β-citronellol is a monoterpenoid present in several plant essential oils. The present study explores the antifungal potential and mode of action of β-citronellol against C. albicans ATCC 90028 (standard), C. albicans D-27 (FLC-sensitive), and C. albicans S-1 (FLC-resistant). Anti-Candida potential was studied by performing MIC, MFC, growth curves, disc diffusion, spot assay, and WST1 cytotoxic assay. Morphological transition was monitored microscopically in both solid and liquid hyphae inducing media. β-citronellol inhibits yeast to hyphal transition in both liquid and solid hyphae inducing media. It had a significant inhibitory effect on biofilm formation and secretion of extracellular proteinases and phospholipases. We showed that it has an adverse effect on membrane ergosterol levels and modulates expression of related ERG genes. Expression profiles of selected genes associated with C. albicans pathogenicity displayed reduced expression in treated cells. This work suggests that β-citronellol inhibits morphological transition in C. albicans and decreases the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes involved in the early stage of infection as well as modulates the expression of associated genes. Pleiotropic phenotype shown by β-citronellol treated Candida cells suggests various modes of action. Further studies will assess the clinical application of β-citronellol in the treatment of fungal infections.