bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing a Pencil‐Trace Cathode for a High‐Performance Polymer‐Based Li–CO2 Battery with Redox Mediator
Authors: Li Jinli , Zhao Huimin , Qi Haocheng , Sun Xuemei , Song Xiuyan , Guo Ziyang , Tamirat Andebet Gedamu , Liu Jie , Wang Lei , Feng Shouhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium–carbon dioxide (Li–CO2) batteries have received wide attention due to their high theoretical energy density and CO2 capture capability. However, this system still faces poor cycling performance and huge overpotential, which stems from the leakage/volatilization of liquid electrolyte and instability of the cathode. A gel polymer electrolyte (GPE)‐based Li–CO2 battery by using a novel pencil‐trace cathode and 0.0025 mol L−1 (M) binuclear cobalt phthalocyanine (Bi‐CoPc)‐containing GPE (Bi‐CoPc‐GPE) is developed here. The cathode, which is prepared by pencil drawing on carbon paper, is stable because of its typical limited‐layered graphitic structure without any binder. In addition, Bi‐CoPc‐GPE, which consists of polymer matrix filled with liquid electrolyte, exhibits excellent ion conductivity (0.86 mS cm−1), effective protection for Li anode, and superior leakproof property. Moreover, Bi‐CoPc acts as a redox mediator to promote the decomposition of discharge products at low charge potential. Interestingly, different from polymer‐shaped discharge products formed in liquid electrolyte–based Li–CO2 batteries, the morphology of products in Li–CO2 batteries using Bi‐CoPc‐GPE is film‐like. Hence, this polymer‐based Li–CO2 battery shows super‐high discharge capacity, low overpotential, and even steadily runs for 120 cycles. This study may pave a new way to develop high‐performance Li–CO2 batteries.
High‐Quality White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Composed of Binary Emitters with Color Rendering Index Exceeding 80 by Utilizing Color Remedy Strategy
Authors: Tang Xun , Liu Xiang‐Yang , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImplementing rigorous standards for high‐quality white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) demands further investigation. Herein, a novel and feasible color remedy strategy (CRS) is proposed in WOLEDs composed of binary‐emitters, to arouse the green‐emission, thereby complementing the spectral deficiency in white‐emission. Thus, the color rendering indexes (CRIs) of binary‐emissive WOLEDs can be boosted from 63 to 80 threshold, and the Commission International de I'Eclairage‐(x, y) coordinates are precisely located inside the American National Standard Institute quadrangles, which can rival the WOLEDs integrating ternary or more emitters. Moreover, it is more feasible for CRS‐based binary‐emissive system to tune white‐emission from cool white‐emission (correlated color temperature (CCT) ≈ 5000 K) to eye‐friendly warm white‐emission (CCT ≈ 2000 K). Meanwhile, benefiting from the reduced energy loss and low driving voltage of CRS zone, all of the CRS‐based WOLEDs with diverse CCTs can exceed 20% external quantum efficiency, and the highest approach 25%, as well as the highest power efficiency beyond 60 lm W−1, which is comparable with those reported employing light‐extracting techniques. In addition, it is evident that CRS‐based WOLEDs also exhibit outstanding color stability within the variation of luminance in several orders of magnitude (50–12 000 cd m−2). Thus, this novel CRS provides an innovative pathway to fabricate high‐quality WOLEDs composed of binary emitters.
Fully Solution‐Processed Photonic Structures from Inorganic/Organic Molecular Hybrid Materials and Commodity Polymers
Authors: Bachevillier Stefan , Yuan Hua‐Kang , Strang Andrew , Levitsky Artem , Frey Gitti L. , Hafner Andreas , Bradley Donal D. C. , Stavrinou Paul N. , Stingelin Natalie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractManaging the interference effects from thin (multi‐)layers allows for the control of the optical transmittance/reflectance of widely used and technologically significant structures such as antireflection coatings (ARCs) and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). These rely on the destructive/constructive interference between incident, reflected, and transmitted radiation. While known for over a century and having been extremely well investigated, the emergence of printable and large‐area electronics brings a new emphasis: the development of materials capable of transferring well‐established ideas to a solution‐based production. Here, demonstrated is the solution‐fabrication of ARCs and DBRs utilizing alternating layers of commodity plastics and recently developed organic/inorganic hybrid materials comprised of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAl), cross‐linked with titanium oxide hydrates. Dip‐coated ARCs exhibit an 88% reduction in reflectance across the visible compared to uncoated glass, and fully solution‐coated DBRs provide a reflection of >99% across a 100 nm spectral band in the visible region. Detailed comparisons with transfermatrix methods (TMM) highlight their excellent optical quality including extremely low optical losses. Beneficially, when exposed to elevated temperatures, the hybrid material can display a notable, reproducible, and irreversible change in refractive index and film thickness while maintaining excellent optical performance allowing postdeposition tuning, e.g., for thermo‐responsive applications, including security features and product‐storage environment monitoring.
Symmetric Ultrafast Writing and Erasing Speeds in Quasi‐Nonvolatile Memory via van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Li Jingyu , Liu Lan , Chen Xiaozhang , Liu Chunsen , Wang Jianlu , Hu Weida , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to the large gap in timescale between volatile memory and nonvolatile memory technologies, quasi‐nonvolatile memory based on 2D materials has become a viable technology for filling the gap. By exploiting the elaborate energy band structure of 2D materials, a quasi‐nonvolatile memory with symmetric ultrafast write‐1 and erase‐0 speeds and long refresh time is reported. Featuring the 2D semifloating gate architecture, an extrinsic p–n junction is used to charge or discharge the floating gate. Owing to the direct injection or recombination of charges from the floating gate electrode, the erasing speed is greatly enhanced to nanosecond timescale. Combined with the ultrafast write‐1 speed, symmetric ultrafast operations on the nanosecond timescale are achieved, which are ≈106 times faster than other memories based on 2D materials. In addition, the refresh time after a write‐1 operation is 219 times longer than that of dynamic random access memory. This performance suggests that quasi‐nonvolatile memory has great potential to decrease power consumption originating from frequent refresh operations, and usher in the next generation of high‐speed and low‐power memory technology.
Strain‐Induced Structural Deformation Study of 2D MoxW(1‐x) S2
Authors: Susarla Sandhya , Manimunda Praveena , Jaques Ygor M. , Hachtel Jordan A. , Idrobo Juan C. , Asif S. A. Syed , Galvão Douglas S. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe possibility of tuning properties and its potential applications in the fields of optoelectronics and/or flexible electronics, has increased the demand for 2D alloys in recent times. Understanding the mechanical performance of 2D materials under extreme conditions, such as strain, stress, and fracture is essential for the reliable electronic devices based on these structures. In this study, combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and in situ Raman spectroscopic techniques are used to study the mechanical performance of a 2D alloy system, MoxW(1‐x) S2. It is observed that W substitution in MoS2 causes solid‐solution strengthening and increase in the Young's modulus values. Higher W content decreases failure strain for MoS2. Based on spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy and MD simulations results, a detailed model to explain failure mechanisms in MoxW(1‐x) S2 alloys is proposed.
Probing Interfacial Surface State Excitons in Nanoscale Synthesized CuxS/MoS2 Heterostructure
Authors: Shahzad Rauf , Mun Jihun , Kim Tae Wan , Kang Sang‐Woo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) layer integration of different materials facilitates new functionalities in material engineering to produce novel structures with specialized properties. Fabrication of large‐scale 2D heterostructure with atomically clean interface, and unveiling the distinct interlayer transition, is a challenging process. In this paper, the vertical heterostructure of copper sulfide (CuxS) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets is synthesized by sulfurization of pre‐deposited metal films. Optical bandgap transition and phonon vibration frequency are observed in the heterojunction area with respect to individual nanosheets. Raman shift in phonon vibration modes of MoS2 shows the interlayer coupling effect. Photoluminescence (PL) intensity of monolayer MoS2 is quenched due to bandgap offset interlayer transition. Bandgap alignment of CuxS (1 < x < 2) with MoS2 is a tunable staggered symmetry that yields charge transfer at the heterostructure interface. Photoexcited electron–hole pairs are moving across the interface much faster than recombining into the intralayer excitons. The synthesized CuxS/MoS2 heterostructure is well defined over a large area, with controllable thickness and a scalable position. Heterostructure has great potential for future device applications in optoelectronics based on optical excitonic response and charge carrier dynamics.
Silica/Carbon Composites with Controllable Nanostructure from a Facile One‐Step Method for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Application
Authors: Yang Xiaoqing , Ma Hong , Zhang Guoqing , Li Xinxi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNanosized silica is drawing attentions in lithium‐ion batteries because of its better cycling stability and lower cost compared to silicon. However, significant challenges appear at the uncontrollable and inhomogeneous nanostructure while coupling silica with carbon. Herein, a series of silica/carbon (S/C) composites with tunable nanostructure are developed based on the mechanism that hydrofluoric acid (HF) can control the gelating process of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). By changing the HF/TEOS ratio, the size of the silica skeleton, surface area and porosity of the composites can be tailored precisely. As a result, the optimal lithium storage performance is obtained on the S/C composite with a silica size of ≈9 nm, surface area of 208 m2 g−1, and total pore volume of 0.24 cm3 g−1, including a specific capacity of 820 mAh g−1, superior cycling performance, and high‐rate capability. This can be attributed to the following reasons: 1) the suitable silica size of ≈9 nm simultaneously minimizes the Li+ migrating distance while maintaining the stability of the silica skeleton; 2) the rigid continuous carbon framework acts as a conductive skeleton and restricts the aggregation and volume change of the silica; 3) the porous structure plays roles in buffering the volume change and facilitating the electrolyte transfer.
An All‐Solid‐State Rechargeable Chloride Ion Battery
Authors: Chen Chao , Yu Tingting , Yang Meng , Zhao Xiangyu , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chloride ion battery has been developed as one of the alternative battery chemistries beyond lithium ion, toward abundant material resources and high energy density. Its application, however, is limited by the dissolution of electrode materials and side reactions in the liquid electrolyte. Herein, a solid polymer electrolyte allowing chloride ion transfer and consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) as the polymer matrix, tributylmethylammonium chloride as the chloride salt, and succinonitrile as the solid plasticizer is reported. The as‐prepared polymer electrolyte shows conductivities of 10−5–10−4 S cm−1 in the temperature range of 298–343 K. When it is assembled with the iron oxychloride/lithium electrode system, reversible electrochemical redox reactions of FeOCl/FeO at the cathode side and Li/LiCl at the anode side are realized, demonstrating the first all‐solid‐state rechargeable chloride ion battery.
Ni Strongly Coupled with Mo2C Encapsulated in Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as Robust Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Li Meixuan , Zhu Yun , Wang Huiyuan , Wang Ce , Pinna Nicola , Lu Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is urgently required to develop highly efficient and stable bifunctional non‐noble metal electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water splitting. In this study, a facile electrospinning followed by a post‐carbonization treatment to synthesize nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (NCNFs) integrated with Ni and Mo2C nanoparticles (Ni/Mo2C‐NCNFs) as water splitting electrocatalysts is developed. Owing to the strong hydrogen binding energy on Mo2C and high electrical conductivity of Ni, synergetic effect between Ni and Mo2C nanoparticles significantly promote both HER and OER activities. The optimized hybrid (Ni/Mo2C(1:2)‐NCNFs) delivers low overpotentials of 143 mV for HER and 288 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. An alkaline electrolyzer with Ni/Mo2C(1:2)‐NCNFs as catalysts for both anode and cathode exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.64 V, which is only 0.07 V larger than the benchmark of Pt/C‐RuO2 electrodes. In addition, an outstanding long‐term durability during 100 h testing without obvious degradation is achieved, which is superior to most of the noble‐metal‐free electrocatalysts reported to date. This work provides a simple and effective approach for the preparation of low‐cost and high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficient overall water splitting.
Relating Frontier Orbital Energies from Voltammetry and Photoelectron Spectroscopy to the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Willems Robin E. M. , Weijtens Christ H. L. , de Vries Xander , Coehoorn Reinder , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor 19 diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies are determined from i) the oxidation potential with square‐wave voltammetry (SWV), ii) the ionization potential using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and iii) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The SWV HOMO energies show an excellent linear correlation with the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of optimized solar cells in which the polymers form blends with a fullerene acceptor ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyl acid methyl ester or [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyl acid methyl ester). Remarkably, the slope of the best linear fit is 0.75 ± 0.04, i.e., significantly less than unity. A weaker correlation with Voc is found for the HOMO energies obtained from UPS and DFT. Within the experimental error, the SWV and UPS data are correlated with a slope close to unity. The results show that electrochemically determined oxidation potentials provide an excellent method for predicting the Voc of bulk heterojunction solar cells, with absolute deviations less than 0.1 V.
Injury and illness among onshore workers in Alaska's seafood processing industry: Analysis of workers’ compensation claims, 2014‐2015
Authors: Syron Laura N. , Lucas Devin L. , Bovbjerg Viktor E. , Kincl Laurel D. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAlaska's onshore seafood processing industry is economically vital and hazardous.MethodsAccepted Alaska workers’ compensation claims data from 2014 to 2015 were manually reviewed and coded with the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System and associated work activity. Workforce data were utilized to calculate rates.Results2,889 claims of nonfatal injuries/illnesses were accepted for compensation. The average annual claim rate was 63 per 1000 workers. This was significantly higher than Alaska's all‐industry rate of 44 claims per 1000 workers (RR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.37‐1.48). The most frequently occurring injuries/illnesses, were by nature, sprains/strains/tears (n = 993, 36%); by body part, upper limbs (1212, 43%); and by event, contact with objects/equipment (1020, 37%) and overexertion/bodily reaction (933, 34%). Incidents associated with seafood processing/canning/freezing (n = 818) frequently involved: repetitive motion; overexertion while handling pans, fish, and buckets; and contact with fish, pans, and machinery.ConclusionsErgonomic and safety solutions should be implemented to prevent musculoskeletal injuries/illnesses in seafood processing.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Diamine Monomers and Polyamides with Highly Twisted N,N‐Bis(dialkylamino)arene AIE Luminogens
Authors: Sharidan Sairi Amir , Konishi Gen‐ichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA synthesis of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active polyamides through the polycondensation of diamine monomers 1,4‐bis(N,N‐dialkylamino)‐2,3‐dimethylnaphthalene or 9,10‐bis(N,N‐dialkylamino)anthracene chromophores with α,ω‐bis(chlorocarbonyl)alkane is reported. The obtained anthracene polyamide was soluble in common organic solvents, such as dichloromethane and methanol, and demonstrated good film‐forming properties. The quantum yields in the solid state of the naphthalene and anthracene polyamides were both 0.26, and the quantum yields in solution of the naphthalene and anthracene polyamides were 0.23 and 0.04, respectively. The results of this study will provide valuable information regarding the application of AIE‐active polymers in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLED) and in polymer research.
The Onset of Dehydrogenation in Solid Ammonia Borane: An Ab Initio Metadynamics Study
Authors: Rizzi Valerio , Polino Daniela , Sicilia Emilia , Russo Nino , Parrinello Michele 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe discovery of effective hydrogen storage materials is fundamental for the progress of a clean energy economy. Ammonia borane (H3BNH3, AB) has attracted great interest as a promising candidate but the reaction path that leads from its solid phase to hydrogen release is not yet fully understood. To address the need for insights in the atomistic details of such a complex solid state process, in this work we use ab‐initio molecular dynamics and metadynamics to study the early stages of AB dehydrogenation. We show that the formation of ammonia diborane (H3NBH2(μ‐H)BH3) leads to the release of NH4+, which in turn triggers an autocatalytic H2 production cycle. Our calculations provide a model for how complex solid state reactions can be theoretically investigated and rely upon the presence of multiple ammonia borane molecules, as substantiated by standard quantum‐mechanical simulations on a cluster.
Light‐Driven Reversible Intermolecular Proton Transfer at Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Cai Shuning , Deng Wenting , Huang Feifei , Chen Lijue , Tang Chun , He Wenxiang , Long Shichuan , Li Ruihao , Tan Zhibing , Liu Junyang , Shi Jia , Liu Zitong , Xiao Zongyuan , Zhang Deqing , Hong Wenjing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotoresponsive molecular systems are essential for molecular optoelectronic devices, but most molecular building blocks are non‐photoresponsive. Employed here is a photoinduced proton transfer (PIPT) strategy to control charge transport through single‐molecule azulene junctions with visible light under ambient conditions, which leads to a reversible and controllable photoresponsive molecular device based on non‐photoresponsive molecules and a photoacid. Also demonstrated is the application of PIPT in two single‐molecule AND gate and OR gate devices with electrical signal as outputs.
Gender differences in parieto‐frontal brain functional connectivity correlates of creativity
Authors: Silberstein Richard , Camfield David A. , Nield Geoffrey , Stough Con 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionCreativity is a complex construct that lies at the core of what has made human civilizations possible. One frequently used measure of creativity is theAbbreviated Torrance Test for Adultsthat yields an overall creativity score. In this study, we examine the relationship between the task‐related differences in brain functional connectivity and the creativity score in a male and female group of participants.MethodsBrain functional connectivity was estimated from the steady‐state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) event‐related partial coherence in a group of 27 females and 27 males while they performed a low‐demand visual vigilance task and the A‐X version of the Continuous Performance Task. Task‐related differences in brain functional connectivity (ΔFC) were correlated with the creativity score separately in the female and male groups.ResultsWe found that the creativity score was correlated with a parieto‐frontal ΔFC component for both the female and male groups. However, significant gender differences were observed in both the timing and the laterality of the parietal component. Females exhibited a left parietal to bilateral frontal ΔFC component correlated with creativity score and this peaked on the appearance of a target in both tasks. By contrast, males demonstrated a right parietal to bilateral frontal ΔFC component correlated with creativity score which peaked on the appearance of the letter following the targets.ConclusionThese findings are discussed in the context of the role of the Default Mode Network in creativity, and the role of gender‐related differences in cortical networks that mediate creativity.
Predictors, treatment, and long‐term outcomes of coronary perforation during retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention via epicardial collaterals for recanalization of chronic coronary total occlusion
Authors: Wu Kaize , Huang Zehan , Zhong Zhian , Liao Hongtao , Zhou Yi , Luo Bingzheng , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate predictors, treatment, and long‐term outcomes associated with coronary perforation (CP) in patients who underwent retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) through epicardial collaterals for chronic total occlusion (CTO).BackgroundData regarding CP during retrograde PCI through epicardial collaterals for CTO are scarce.MethodsWe included 155 patients who underwent retrograde CTO PCI through epicardial collaterals at Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from August 2011 to December 2017. The median follow‐up was 2.5 years. Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and independent predictors of long‐term MACE were determined using a multivariable Cox model.ResultsCP occurred in 24 (15.5%) patients, with the frequency of Ellis classes 1 or 2 and 3 being 41.7% and 58.3%, respectively. Seven (4.5%) patients had tamponade, which was effectively managed using coil embolization and pericardiocentesis. Renal dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 5.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47–18.88; P = 0.011), right coronary artery (RCA) CTO (OR: 4.34; 95% CI: 1.29–14.63; P = 0.018), and Epi‐CTO score ≥ 2 (OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.12–9.58; P = 0.030) were independent predictors of CP. At the 7‐year follow‐up, 17 patients had MACE. Multivariable analysis revealed that CP was not associated with worse long‐term clinical outcomes (hazard ratio: 1.55; 95% CI: 0.45–5.32, P = 0.484).ConclusionsRetrograde CTO PCI through epicardial collaterals is at increased risk of CP, which is associated with renal dysfunction, RCA CTO, and Epi‐CTO score ≥ 2. Prompt and proper management of CP is important. CP is not significantly associated with adverse clinical outcomes.