bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin inhibits osteoclast formation and wear‐debris‐induced bone destruction by suppressing mitogen‐activated protein kinases
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Wang Zhen , Guo Xiaobin , Shen Jining , Sun Houyi , Bai Jiaxiang , Yu Binqing , Wang Liangliang , Zhou Wei , Liu Yu , Zhang Wen , Yang Huilin , Xu Yaozeng , Zhou Jun , Geng Dechun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExcessive osteoclast recruitment and activation is the chief cause of periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening, so blocking osteolysis may be useful for protecting against osteoclastic bone resorption. We studied the effect of aspirin on titanium (Ti)‐particle‐induced osteolysis in vivo and in vitro using male C57BL/6J mice randomized to sham (sham surgery), Ti (Ti particles), low‐dose aspirin (Ti/5 mg·kg−1·d−1 aspirin), and high‐dose aspirin (Ti/30 mg·kg−1·d−1 aspirin). After 2 weeks, a three‐dimensional reconstruction evaluation using micro‐computed tomography and histomorphology assessment were performed on murine calvariae. Murine hematopoietic macrophages and RAW264.7 lineage cells were studied to investigate osteoclast formation and function. Aspirin attenuated Ti‐particle‐induced bone erosion and reduced osteoclasts. In vitro, aspirin suppressed osteoclast formation, osteoclastic‐related gene expression, and osteoclastic bone erosion in a dose‐dependent manner. Mechanically, aspirin reduced osteoclast formation by suppressing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand‐induced activation of extracellular signal‐related kinase, p‐38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase. Thus, aspirin may be a promising option for preventing and curing osteoclastic bone destruction, including peri‐implant osteolysis.
Students’ perceptions of general medicine following community‐based medical education in rural Japan
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Ryu Yoshinori , Katsube Takuji , Moriwaki Yoshihiro , Otani Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundJapan's population is rapidly aging, and at the same time, the number of medical students interested in general or family medicine is declining. Community‐based medical education (CBME) programs may be used to promote interest and competencies in general medicine among medical students.MethodThis mixed‐method study investigated the perceptions of fifth‐ and sixth year undergraduate medical students who completed a two week CBME course in Unnan, a small city in rural Japan. The participants completed two survey questionnaires: (a) The achievement questionnaire administered pre‐ and posttraining, and (b) the curriculum content questionnaire administered posttraining. To understand the students’ perceptions about general medicine further, semistructured interviews were conducted with each participant post‐CBME training.ResultsThe participants’ ratings on the achievement survey improved significantly from pre‐ to posttraining. The average ratings for the curriculum content survey indicated that the educational objectives were met in all but one area. A qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed that the participants had little exposure to general medicine at their university hospital, and there was a lack of understanding in other medical professionals regarding the roles of general medicine physicians.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that there are educational gaps between medical universities and community hospitals regarding general medicine. Increased exposure, early exposure, and a clarification of the competencies were noted as areas to improve the students’ understanding of general medicine. Undergraduates should be exposed to general medicine more frequently and from early training stages through effective collaborations between universities and hospitals.
Erratum: The average degree of an edge‐chromatic critical graph II
Authors: Woodall Douglas R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the article “The average degree of an edge‐chromatic critical graph II” by Douglas R. Woodall (J. Graph Theory 56 (2007), 194‐218), it was claimed that the average degree of an edge‐chromatic critical graph with maximum degree is at least if , at least if , and at least if . Unfortunately there were mistakes in the proof of the last two of these results, which are now proved only if and , respectively.
HIV viral suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women in routine care in the Kinshasa province: a baseline evaluation of participants in CQI‐PMTCT study
Authors: Yotebieng Marcel , Mpody Christian , Ravelomanana Noro LR , Tabala Martine , Malongo Fathy , Kawende Bienvenu , Ntangu Paul , Behets Frieda , Okitolonda Emile ,   for the CQI‐PMTCT study team
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPublished data on viral suppression among pregnant and breastfeeding women in routine care settings are scarce. Here, we report provincial estimates of undetectable and suppressed viral load among pregnant or breastfeeding women in HIV care in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and associated risk factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted as part of a baseline assessment for the CQI‐PMTCT study: an ongoing cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effect of continuous quality interventions (CQI) on long‐term ART outcomes among pregnant and breastfeeding women (NCT03048669). From November 2016 to June 2018, in each of the 35 Kinshasa provincial health zones (HZ), study teams visited the three busiest maternal and child health clinics, enrolled all HIV‐positive pregnant or breastfeeding women (≤1 year post‐delivery) receiving ART, and performed viral load testing. Log binomial models with generalized estimating equations to account for clustering at the HZ level, were used to estimate prevalence ratios comparing participants with undetected (<40 copies/mL) or suppressed (<1000 copies/mL) viral load across levels of individual and site characteristics.ResultsOf the 1752 eligible women, 1623 had viral load results available, including 38% who had been on ART for <6 months and 74% were on tenofovir‐lamivudine‐efavirenz. Viral load was undetectable in 53% of women and suppressed in 62%. Among women who were on ART for ≥12 months, only 60% and 67% respectively, had undetectable or suppressed viral load. Viral load was undetectable in 53%, 48% and 58% of women testing during pregnancy, at delivery, and in postpartum respectively. In multivariable log binomial models, duration of ART >12 months, older age, being married, disclosure of HIV status, receiving care in an urban health zone or one supported by PEPFAR were all positively associated with viral suppression.ConclusionsThe observed high level of detectable viral load suggests that high ART coverage alone without substantial efforts to improve the quality of care for pregnant and breastfeeding women, will not be enough to achieve the goal of virtual elimination of vertical HIV transmission in high‐burden and limited resources settings like DRC.
Triangulating Creativity: Examining Discrepancies Across Self‐Rated, Quasi‐Expert‐Rated and Verbalized Creativity in Arts‐based Learning
Authors: Katz‐Buonincontro Jen , Hass Richard , Perignat Elaine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis convergent mixed methods study examined the triangulation of self‐rated, quasi‐expert‐rated and verbalized creativity in students enrolled in a year‐long photography program. The quantitative data included self‐report scales in creativity, and ratings of creativity in students’ photography. The qualitative data included student interviews reflecting on their photographs and verbalizing their beliefs about creativity. The data were first analyzed separately and then merged for analysis to determine possible relationships between these three data sources. Merging quantitative and qualitative data highlighted two key discrepancies between students’ actual creative performance and their perceptions as creative individuals. Possible explanations of these disceprancies are discussed in light of research on creative self‐efficacy and creative mindsets.
Repeated Metabolic Balance Studies in Patients With Short Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sun Haifeng , Eliasson Johanna , Fuglsang Kristian A. , Hvistendahl Mark , Naimi Rahim M. , Jeppesen Palle B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundWeaning from parenteral support is considered indirect evidence of intestinal adaptation in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), but direct evidence is lacking. The objective of this study was to examine if intestinal adaptation could be demonstrated as increase in intestinal absorption of energy and wet weight over time measured by repeated metabolic balance studies (MBSs) and to examine whether adaptation was determined by the anatomy of the remnant bowel.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from 48 repeated MBSs performed in 13 adult patients with SBS. Results were presented graphically and interpreted. The interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity was compared based on anatomy of the remnant bowel.ResultsThe number of repeated MBSs ranged from 2 to 7, and time between last intestinal resection and MBS from 5 months to 18.1 years. In 6 patients, the first MBS was performed within 2 years after last resection, but only 1 patient had repeated MBSs within this period. Nine patients had an end jejunoileostomy, and 4 patients had a jejuno‐colonic or ileo‐colonic anastomosis. None of the patients had jejunoileal anastomosis with a preserved ileocecal valve. Interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity of wet weight and energy absorption was larger in patients without colon in continuity. The wet weight and energy absorption data showed no tendency toward intestinal adaptation in any anatomical group.ConclusionWe observed no signs of late‐phase intestinal adaptation in this selected group of patients with SBS. Future prospective MBSs are needed to understand the time course and magnitude of intestinal adaptation.
Evolution of sea‐surface conditions on the northwestern Greenland margin during the Holocene
Authors: Caron Myriam , Rochon André , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , St‐Onge Guillaume 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTReconstructions of sea‐surface conditions during the Holocene were achieved on two sediment cores from the northwest Greenland margin (AMD14‐204) and Kane Basin (AMD14‐Kane2B) based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. On the northwest Greenland margin, sea‐surface conditions were cold with an extended sea ice cover prior to 7750 cal a bp associated with the end of the deglaciation. A major change occurred around ca. 7750 cal a bp with enhanced influence of warmer water from the West Greenland Current, and optimal sea‐surface conditions were observed around 6000 cal a bp. After 3350 cal a bp, results reflect the establishment of the modern assemblages. In the Kane Basin, sea‐surface conditions were not favourable for dinocyst productivity prior to 7880 cal a bp, as the basin was still largely covered by ice. The presence of warmer water is recorded between 7880 and 7200 cal a bp and the highest primary productivity between 5200 and 2100 cal a bp, but sea‐surface conditions remained cold with an extended sea ice cover throughout the Holocene. Overall, the results from this study revealed the strong influence of meltwater discharges and oceanic current variability on the sea‐surface conditions. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical bonding mechanism in SERS effect of pyridine by CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Martinez Nuñez C.E. , Delgado‐Beleño Y. , Rocha‐Rocha O. , Calderón‐Ayala G. , Florez‐López N.S. , Cortez Valadez M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article reports the theoretical and experimental study of nonresonant mechanisms (CHEM) of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of pyridine (Py). An improvement in the Raman dispersion intensity of Py is determined after the chemical absorption on CuO nanoparticles synthesized in NaCl. The density functional theory predicts the formation of new electronic states as result of the chemical bond (CB) established between the Py molecule and the (CuO)n clusters. This study is focused on the study of the most intense vibrational modes of Py before and after chemical adsorption. The CHEM by CB mechanisms is found as responsible for the SERS effect in Py.
Raman diagnostics of free charge carriers in boron‐doped silicon nanowires
Authors: Rodichkina S.P. , Nychyporuk T. , Pavlikov A.V. , Lysenko V. , Timoshenko V.Yu. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is used to probe free charge carriers in layers of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) formed by metal‐assisted chemical etching of crystalline silicon (c‐Si) wafers followed by additional doping with boron. One‐phonon Raman spectra of the boron‐doped SiNWs are strongly modified due to the Fano effect that allowed us to determine the free carrier concentration in the nanowires in the range from 1019 to 1020 cm−3, depending on the doping conditions. The micro‐Raman mapping was used to determine the depth profile of charge carrier density along nanowires, which decreases toward the SiNWs/c‐Si interface. The obtained results are discussed in view of possible applications of the Raman spectroscopy for express‐diagnostics of doped Si nanostructures for photonics and thermoelectric applications.
Role of voice rest following laser resection of vocal fold lesions: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dhaliwal Sandeep S. , Doyle Philip C. , Failla Sebastiano , Hawkins Sarah , Fung Kevin 
Published: September 2019

Objectives/HypothesisVoice rest is often prescribed following phonosurgery by most surgeons despite limited empiric evidence to support its practice. This study assessed the effect of postphonosurgery voice rest on vocal outcomes.Study DesignProspective, randomized controlled trial.MethodsPatients with unilateral vocal fold lesions undergoing CO2 laser excision were recruited in a prospective manner and randomized into one of two groups: 1) an experimental arm consisting of 7 days of absolute voice rest, or 2) a control arm consisting of no voice rest. The primary outcome measure was the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes included aerodynamic measurements (maximum phonation time), acoustic measures (fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic‐to‐noise ratio), and auditory‐perceptual measures. Primary and secondary outcomes were assessed preoperatively and reassessed postoperatively at the 1‐ and 3‐month follow‐up. Patient compliance to voice rest instructions were controlled for using subjective and objective parameters.ResultsThirty patients were enrolled with 15 randomized to each arm of the study. Statistical analysis for the entire cohort showed a significant improvement in the mean preoperative VHI‐10 compared to postoperative assessments at 1‐month (19.0 vs. 7.3, P < .05) and 3‐month (19.0 vs. 6.2, P < .05) follow‐up. However, between‐group comparisons showed no significant difference in postoperative VHI‐10 at either time point. Similarly, secondary outcome measures yielded no significant difference in between‐group comparisons.ConclusionsOur study shows no significant benefit to voice rest on postoperative voice outcomes as determined by patient self‐perception, acoustic variables, and auditory‐perceptual analysis.Level of Evidence1bClinical Trial NumberNCT02788435 (clinicaltrials.gov) Laryngoscope, 130:1750–1755, 2020
A single‐layer Ka‐band broadband reflectarray antenna using log‐periodic elements
Authors: Zhao Jianing , Li Hao , Zhou Yihong , Wang Haiyang , Li Tianming , Hu Biao , Zou Huan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis letter presents a novel log‐periodic reflectarray element based on a single‐layer substrate. To achieve a full 360° phase coverage with a gentle slope, the corresponding parameters are optimized. For the sake of minimizing the effects of the feed blockage, the proposed element is used to construct a Ka‐band offset‐fed reflectarray antenna whose aperture size is 81 mm × 81 mm. Moreover, a corresponding prototype is also fabricated to test the actual radiation performance. The measured maximum gain is 26.65 dB at the center frequency of 33 GHz with the aperture efficiency of 46.34%. Moreover, the measured peak sidelobe for E‐plane is lower than −17.87 dB and 10.69% of 1‐dB gain bandwidth is also achieved, which demonstrates that the proposed antenna features the characteristic of broadband. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna features good radiation performance, which has the potential for 5G communication systems.
Statistical properties of cerebral CT perfusion imaging systems. Part II. Deconvolution‐based systems
Authors: Li Ke , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this work was to develop a theoretical framework to pinpoint the quantitative relationship between input parameters of deconvolution‐based cerebral computed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging systems and statistical properties of the output perfusion maps.MethodsDeconvolution‐based CTP systems assume that the arterial input function, tissue enhancement curve, and flow‐scaled residue function k(t) are related to each other through a convolution model, and thus by reversing the convolution operation, k(t) and the associated perfusion parameters can be estimated. The theoretical analysis started by deriving analytical formulas for the expected value and autocovariance of the residue function estimated using the singular value decomposition‐based deconvolution method. Next, it analyzed statistical properties of the “max” and “arg max” operators, based on which the signal and noise properties of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and time‐to‐max () are quantitatively related to the statistical model of the estimated residue function [] and system parameters. To validate the theory, CTP images of a digital head phantom were simulated, from which signal and noise of each perfusion parameter were measured and compared with values calculated using the theoretical model. In addition, an in vivo canine experiment was performed to validate the noise model of cerebral blood volume (CBV).ResultsFor the numerical study, the relative root mean squared error between the measured and theoretically calculated value is ≤0.21% for the autocovariance matrix of , and is ≤0.13% for the expected form of . A Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated no significant difference between measured and theoretical values for the mean or noise of each perfusion parameter. For the animal study, the theoretical CBV noise fell within the 25th and 75th percentiles of the experimental values. To provide an example of the theory’s utility, an expansion of the CBV noise formula was performed to unveil the dominant role of the baseline image noise in deconvolution‐based CBV. Correspondingly, data of the three canine subjects used in the Part I paper were retrospectively processed to confirm that preferentially partitioning dose to the baseline frames benefits both nondeconvolution‐ and deconvolution‐based CBV maps.ConclusionsQuantitative relationships between the statistical properties of deconvolution‐based CTP maps, source image acquisition and reconstruction parameters, contrast injection protocol, and deconvolution parameters are established.
Automated static and moveout corrections of high‐resolution seismic data from the Baltic Sea
Authors: Reiche Sönke , Berkels Benjamin , Weiß Benedikt 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHigh‐frequency multichannel seismic systems provide detailed images of the shallow marine subsurface. In order to exploit the redundancy inherent in such data optimally, traveltime corrections need to account for normal moveout and static effects due to vertical source and receiver variations. Misalignment of reflections in common‐midpoint gathers will significantly lower the frequency content in the final stack, making this correction particularly important for very high‐frequency seismic data. Traditionally, normal moveout correction involves labour‐intensive picking of stacking velocities, while static corrections can be, by some techniques, performed automatically. In this paper, we present a high‐frequency seismic case study from the Baltic Sea, using seismic image matching as a novel, fully automated technique to perform joint moveout and static corrections. Our multichannel test profiles were acquired offshore Rügen island for wind farm development. Owing to the regular passage of up to 1.5 m high ocean waves during data acquisition, these boomer profiles suffer from strong static effects. We perform joint normal moveout and static corrections by defining the nearest common offset section as a fixed reference frame and minimizing its difference in traveltime with respect to all available common offset sections. Time shifts are computed independent of a pre‐defined traveltime curve, using the normalized cross‐correlation as a measure of data similarity while penalizing irregular displacements by a regularization term. Time shifts are converted to stacking velocities based on the traditional hyperbolic traveltime equation. Our results are compared with those derived by conventional manual velocity analysis and subsequent trim static corrections. We find that image matching produces stacks of similar quality and stacking velocity models of similar to slightly better quality compared with the conventionally derived ones, revealing the potential of this technique to automatize and significantly speed up this first part of the seismic processing chain.
Reluctant policy innovation through profit concession and informality tolerance: A strategic relational view of policy entrepreneurship in China's urban redevelopment
Authors: Hu Fox Z.Y. , Lin George C.S. , Yeh Anthony G.O. , He Shenjing , Liu Xingjian 
Published: September 2019

SummaryThis paper engages with the theoretical perspective of policy entrepreneurship to examine the pattern and process of policy change in the context of China's urban redevelopment. Drawing upon a strategic‐relational reinterpretation of policy entrepreneurship, this paper identifies a distinctive form of reluctant policy innovation in the “three old renewals” scheme initiated in Guangzhou where profit concession and informality tolerance were practiced to create a small window of opportunity for the project of urban redevelopment to break ground. The motivation of policy entrepreneurship in the successful urban renewal projects in Guangzhou was heavily contingent upon the geographically important location of the project site and the historically incidence of hosting the 2010 Asian Games, which forced municipal government to become entrepreneurial and innovative in decision making and income redistribution in order to get things done as quickly as possible. The distinct fashion of policy innovation identified in the case of Guangzhou points to the polymorphous and dynamic nature of policy entrepreneurship and advocates a relational treatment of the strategies and motives of policy entrepreneurs embedded in concrete geographical and historical context.
Generalization of adaptive cross approximation for time‐domain boundary element methods
Authors: Haider Anita Maria , Schanz Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA numerical approach to the solution of the wave equation is performed by means of the boundary element method. In the interest of increasing the efficiency of this method a low‐rank approximation such as the adaptive cross approximation is carried out. We discuss a generalization of the adaptive cross approximation to approximate a three‐dimensional array of data. In particular, we perform an approximation of an array of boundary element matrices in the Laplace domain. The proposed scheme is illustrated by preliminary numerical experiments.