bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Lari Sprint Melalui Permainan Hitam Hijau Pada Siswa
Authors: Juhara Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Pembelajaran lari sprint siswa kelas V SD Negeri Padamenak banyak mengalami permasalahan yang timbul dalam pembelajaran dengan hasil pembelajaran siswa yang kurang dari nilai rata-rata dibawah nilai KKM 75 yang telah ditentukan guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar lari sprint melalui permainan hitam hijau pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Padamenak Kecamatan Jalaksana Kabupaten Kuningan Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas (Class Action Research), tindakan dalam penelitian ini dibagi dalam dua siklus, dalam tiap siklus menunjukan perkembangan proses pembelajaran jasmani pada materi lari sprint. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD Negeri Padamenak pada semester II tahun pelajaran 2014/2015 yang berjumlah 50 siswa terdiri atas 22 siswa putra dan 28 siswa putri. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengambilan data pada penelitian ini adalah lembar pengamatan, dan tes unjuk kerja siswa. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa hasil belajar siswa yang meliputi ranah afektif, kognitif, dan psikomotor. Data penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran lari sprint melalui penerapan permainan hitam hijau dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar lari sprint dari kondisi awal persentase siswa yang nilainya mencapai KKM 75 sebesar 40% atau 20 anak dari jumlah keseluruhan siswa, pada tindakan siklus pertama persentase siswa yang nilainya mencapai KKM mencapai 70% atau sebanyak 35 siswa kemudian pada siklus kedua persentase ketuntasan belajar mencapai 86% atau sebanyak 43 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan permainan hitam hijau pada materi pembelajaran lari sprint dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri Padamenak Kecamatan Jalaksana Kabupaten Kuningan. Penulis memberi saran bagi guru hendaknya terus berusaha untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam mengembangkan materi, menyampaikan materi, sehingga kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan dapat meningkat sehingga tujuan pembelajaran bisa tercapai.
EXTERNAL DATABASE SEBAGAI MEDIA INTEGRASI SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK DENGAN E-LEARNING
Authors: Bunyamin Muhammad , Syazili Ahmad 
Published: February 2019

Universitas Bina Darma Palembang merupakan salah satu Perguruan Tinggi Swasta yang memiliki banyak fakultas dan program studi. Untuk mengelola data akademik seperti penjadwalan, matakuliah, krs dan khs Universitas Bina Darma suda menggunakan Sistem Informasi Akademik yang sudah terintegrasi. Untuk mendukung proses belajar mengajar Universitas Bina Darma juga telah menggunakan Learning Management System (LMS) berbasis Moodle. Selama ini proses pengiriman data user, kelas, dan peserta kelas dilakukan dengan membuat program transfer data yang akan mentransfer data dari SIA ke Moodle. Permasalahan yang timbul adalah pertama jika ada perubahan data user seperti password dan lain sebagainya pada pertengahan semester maka tidak bisa secara otomatis mensikron dari SIA ke Moodle, sama halnya dengan perubahan data pengajar atau peserta kelas pada pertengahan semester harus dilakukan secara manual pada moodle, kedua riwayat peserta kelas dan pengajarnyapun terhapus setiap semester, karena program tersebut mengosongkan data kelas dan pesertanya setiap semester, hal ini menyebabkan dosen harus membackup dan mengupload ulang materi dan tugas nya setiap semester. Mengatasi hal tersebut dengan metode action research penulis membuat penelitian “External Database Sebagai Media Integrasi Sistem Informasi Akademik dengan Elaerning” sebagai solusinya. Penggunaan fitur External Database mengintegrasikan SIA dengan Moodle secara realtime, dan juga bisa mempertahankan riwayat mengajar dosen dan peserta kelas
IDENTITAS DAYAK DAN MELAYU DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Yusriadi Yusriadi - 
Published: February 2019

Persaingan dan konflik, serta kerukunan dan persaudaraan antara Dayak dan Melayu mewarnai ruang publik di Kalimantan Barat. Kedua kelompok utama (mayoritas) di Kalimantan Barat menjalani hubungan pasang dan surut. Keadaan inilah yang selalu menarik diamati, khususnya dalam konteks identitas. Penulis ingin melihat bagaimana identitas berkelindan di balik isu bipolaritas Dayak-Melayu. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil pemikiran yang diperkuat dengan data pendukung. Data tersebut diperoleh dari berbagai sumber dokumentasi dan terbitan, yang di antaranya menunjukkan bahwa di balik perbedaan identitas antara Dayak dan Melayu dapat ditemukan pula persamaan pada beberapa unsur. Kedua identitas itu tumbuh di ruang yang sama dan sebagian darinya berasal dari sumber atau asal-usul yang sama. Proses selanjutnya memperlihatkan penerimaan dan penggunaan identitas budaya menjadi bahan untuk pengonstruksian bangunan identitas kelompok. Pada mulanya, identitas Dayak digunakan secara terpaksa, sedangkan identitas Melayu diterima dengan terbuka. Seiring perjalanan waktu, kedua identitas itu dipakai oleh dan untuk dua kelompok yang berbeda. Masing-masing memperkuat identitas dengan perubahan-perubahan tertentu pada unsur-unsur budaya yang sudah ada. Identitas budaya Dayak dan Melayu tetap cair tetapi gerakan perubahan itu cenderung ke arah yang berlawanan dan memperlebar jarak di antara keduanya. Itu pulalah yang menyebabkan rivalitas berkelanjutan, sehingga persoalan yang kecil dapat menjadi besar.
The Immune Function of Tuft Cells at Gut Mucosal Surfaces and Beyond
Authors: Ting Hung-An , von Moltke Jakob 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Tuft cells were first discovered in epithelial barriers decades ago, but their function remained unclear until recently. In the last 2 years, a series of studies has provided important advances that link tuft cells to infectious diseases and the host immune responses. Broadly, a model has emerged in which tuft cells use chemosensing to monitor their surroundings and translate environmental signals into effector functions that regulate immune responses in the underlying tissue. In this article, we review the current understanding of tuft cell immune function in the intestines, airways, and thymus. In particular, we discuss the role of tuft cells in type 2 immunity, norovirus infection, and thymocyte development. Despite recent advances, many fundamental questions about the function of tuft cells in immunity remain to be answered.
Safe Patient Handling: How Many People Do You Need to Safely Lateral Transfer Patients?
Authors: Smith Austin J. , Loder Michele 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Although friction-reducing devices reduce the amount of force to complete a lateral transfer, the total force is significantly higher than the recommended pushing and pulling limits. Caregivers complete lateral transfers without knowing the amount of force required to laterally transfer patients, which subjects them to injury. Methods: This study was designed to identify the force to laterally transfer patients of any weight, in conditions similar to those found within the hospital of this study. There were 16 participants in this study. The participants were moved from a hospital bed to a hospital cart using two force gauges pulling two gait belts secured around the participant. Each participant was moved three times, resulting in 48 data points. A regression analysis was used to evaluate trends between two variables. A general linear model was applied and the coefficient of determination was calculated to show the percent fit to the trend line. Results: This study found a strong correlation between force of lateral transfer and the weight of the patient. Using this correlation, this study was able to predict the total force of a lateral transfer for any patient weight. The results from this study allowed for the creation of a guide to determine how many caregivers are required during a lateral transfer to maintain a safe amount of force per caregiver. Conclusion: Caregivers need to be given information regarding the forces required to complete physical movements so they can protect themselves from overexertion and injury. This study provides a guideline for caregivers to know how many people are needed to safely complete a lateral transfer.
Citizen science flow – an assessment of simple streamflow measurement methods
Authors: Davids Jeffrey C. , Rutten Martine M. , Pandey Anusha , Devkota Nischal , van Oyen Wessel David , Prajapati Rajaram , van de Giesen Nick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Wise management of water resources requires data. Nevertheless, the amount of
streamflow data being collected globally continues to decline. Generating
hydrologic data together with citizen scientists can help fill this growing
hydrological data gap. Our aim herein was to (1) perform an initial
evaluation of three simple streamflow measurement methods (i.e., float, salt
dilution, and Bernoulli run-up), (2) evaluate the same three methods with
citizen scientists, and (3) apply the preferred method at more sites with
more people. For computing errors, we used midsection measurements from an
acoustic Doppler velocimeter as reference flows. First, we (authors) performed 20 evaluation
measurements in headwater catchments of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.
Reference flows ranged from 6.4 to 240 L s−1. Absolute errors averaged
23 %, 15 %, and 37 % with average biases of 8 %, 6 %, and
26 % for float, salt dilution, and Bernoulli methods, respectively.
Second, we evaluated the same three methods at 15 sites in two watersheds
within the Kathmandu Valley with 10 groups of citizen
scientists (three to four members
each) and one “expert” group (authors). At each site, each group performed three simple
methods; experts also performed SonTek FlowTracker midsection reference
measurements (ranging from 4.2 to 896 L s−1). For float, salt
dilution, and Bernoulli methods, absolute errors averaged 41 %, 21 %,
and 43 % for experts and 63 %, 28 %, and 131 % for citizen
scientists, while biases averaged 41 %, 19 %, and 40 % for
experts and 52 %, 7 %, and 127 % for citizen scientists,
respectively. Based on these results, we selected salt dilution as the
preferred method. Finally, we performed larger-scale pilot testing in
week-long pre- and post-monsoon Citizen Science Flow campaigns involving 25
and 37 citizen scientists, respectively. Observed flows (n=131
pre-monsoon; n=133 post-monsoon) were distributed among the 10 headwater
catchments of the Kathmandu Valley and ranged from 0.4 to 425 L s−1
and from 1.1 to 1804 L s−1 in pre- and post-monsoon, respectively.
Future work should further evaluate uncertainties of citizen science salt
dilution measurements, the feasibility of their application to larger
regions, and the information content of additional streamflow data.
Dermatologic Urgencies and Emergencies: What Every Pathologist Should Know
Authors: Abate Mallory S. , Battle Laura R. , Emerson Ashley N. , Gardner Jerad M. , Shalin Sara C. 
Published: February 2019

Context.—Fatal dermatologic diseases and ones with high morbidity can occur in the inpatient setting. In such cases, prompt and accurate assessment of a bedside skin biopsy is required. This may be challenging for many pathologists who are not familiar with the complexity of skin pathology and skin terminology within the fields of dermatopathology and dermatology.Objective.—To provide the pathologist with a practical, up-to-date, and “must-know” reference guide on dermatologic urgencies and emergencies from a real-world perspective, highlighting diagnostic pearls, diagnostic pitfalls, and commonly encountered practice gaps. This review will focus on key diseases with which every pathologist should be familiar, including angioinvasive fungal infections, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis, staph-scalded-skin syndrome, acute graft-versus-host disease, bullous pemphigoid, calciphylaxis, Sweet syndrome and its histiocytoid variant, pyoderma gangrenosum, and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, as well as those in their clinical and histopathologic differential.Data Sources.—This review is based on peer-reviewed literature and our personal experiences with these diseases at major academic institutions, including one where a large number of stem cell transplants are performed. This review is unique as it represents collaborative expert opinion from both a dermatopathology and a dermatology standpoint.Conclusions.—This review outlines the critical role that the pathologist plays in the outcomes of patients with dermatologic urgencies and emergencies. Improved patient care will result from prompt and accurate histopathologic diagnoses as well as an open line of communication with the dermatologist.
Heavy metals in the soils Euro-Arctic territories
Authors: Popova Lyudmila F. , Nikitina Maria V. , Andreeva Yulia I. , Trofimova Anna N. , Popov Sergey S. 
Published: February 2019

The features of metal accumulation by the Arctic soils are analyzed. The data of a comparative analysis content of total and metals mobile forms in natural and anthropogenic soils in the Euro-Arctic region are presented. Such areas studied: Frans Joseph Land, Spitsbergen, Solovetsky, Novaya Zemlya, Kolguev Island, cape Kanin Nos, Varnek, Sosnovets Island. The chemical analysis was carried out with the use of modern instrumental methods and certified methods: by X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption methods. The degree of soil contamination was assessed by the maximum permissible concentrations exceeding and biogeochemical coefficients. Analysis of the experimental data has shown that metals accumulation by different types of soils is ambiguous: zinc and lead predominate in the arctic and tundra bog soils, manganese and cobalt in the non-gley and gley tundra soils, and cobalt and lead in the podzolic and alluvial meadow soils. Correlation analysis revealed the dependence of the metals accumulation with such physicochemical parameters as the content of physical clay, organic matter and the pH of the soil solution. According to the total pollution index (Zc), calculated related to clark, a dangerous level of contamination have the Arctic soils of Pyramid settlement, tundra non-gley soils of cape Belyy Nose, alluvial meadow acidic soils of Dixon settlement and peat soils of Sosnowiec Island. Tundra gley soils in Cape Kanin Nos have a moderately dangerous level of pollution. At the same time, the soils have an acceptable level of contamination with metals mobile forms. Practically all of the examined elements are represented by non-mobile forms, which are confirmed by the high value of the protective soils coefficients.
Appendicular Schistosomiasis in a Nigerian Woman
Authors: Benjamin Abiodun, Afolabi , Osadolor Momoh, Martins , Deborah Abiodun, Adejoke 
Published: February 2019

Aim: Schistosomiasis is a water-borne trematode infestation and is one of the most widespread parasitic diseases in the world. Schistosomiasis can affect any organ. This case report highlights the importance of awareness of unusual cause of common surgical presentations of schisto-somiasis in endemic areas and the need for appendectomy specimens to be sent for histological review so that patients can benefit from full investigations and specific antiparasitic treatment.
Case Presentation: In this paper, the authors present a case of appendicular schistosomiasis that was incidentally discovered in a 33-year-old female patient from Lagos, Nigeria who underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Appendectomy specimens removed from the patient appeared macroscopically normal but histopathological analysis revealed schistosomal eggs confirming the diagnosis of appendicular schistosomiasis.
Discussion: Confirmation of appendicular schistosomiasis is a purely histological diagnosis, because there are no pathognomonic clinical or operative findings. Physicians practising in the endemic areas must be aware of the possibility of seeing atypical presentations of parasitic diseases.
Conclusion: The authors therefore strongly recommend that all appendectomy specimens should be sent for histological review so that patients can benefit from full investigations and specific anti-parasitic treatment.
No ‘Heathen's Corner’ here: the failed campaign to memorialize Herbert Spencer in Westminster Abbey
Authors: GAY HANNAH 
Published: July 2002

Recently, while reading papers left by the chemist Raphael Meldola (1849–1915), I came across seventy-two letters that relate to a 1904 campaign, led by Meldola, to have a memorial tablet for Herbert Spencer placed in Westminster Abbey. A list of those who eventually signed Meldola's petition to the Dean of Westminster can be found in David Duncan's Life and Letters of Herbert Spencer. The Meldola Papers include letters from some, but not all, of the signatories, from people who refused to sign, and from one or two who agreed to sign, but whose names do not appear on the published list. The surviving correspondence is probably incomplete, as can be inferred from references in the existing letters and from the fact that the Meldola Papers appear to have been somewhat haphazardly collected. Together, the letters show how Spencer's work was viewed by some of Britain's leading intellectuals, shortly after his death in 1903. They reveal that the details of Spencer's work were largely forgotten and that Meldola's correspondents were divided on whether Spencer had been simply a controversialist or had done something worthwhile. Even those (the majority) who believed the latter were unable to articulate exactly what was worthwhile in Spencer's work.This paper records some of the content of the letters as well as some details of the memorial campaign and of the people involved. My main purpose is to bring these interesting letters to light. James Moore has written of the successful effort to have Charles Darwin buried in Westminster Abbey and of the subsequent campaign for an Abbey memorial plaque, and for a statue to be placed in the Natural History Museum in South Kensington. The unsuccessful campaign on behalf of Spencer, twenty-two years later, provides an interesting comparison. It is not my purpose fully to explore the cultural implications. However, the letters suggest that this and one or two other avenues of inquiry might be worth pursuing.
SETTLERS, THE STATE AND COLONIAL POWER: THE COLONIZATION OF QUEEN

ADELAIDE PROVINCE, 1834–37
Authors: LESTER ALAN 
Published: July 2002

Queen Adelaide Province consisted of some 7,000 square miles of
Rarabe
Xhosa territory annexed by the British Cape colonial government in May

1835 during the Sixth Frontier War. The province was held only until the

end of 1836 when it was abandoned under pressure from the imperial
government, but it represented the first British attempt to extend direct

control over a large body of formerly independent Africans. No such
ambitious scheme had ever been attempted before in the Cape, and no such

scheme was to be attempted elsewhere in Africa until the late nineteenth

century.Given its short-lived nature, Queen Adelaide Province has not been
extensively analysed in any of the prominent histories of the eastern Cape.

However, while the treatment is brief, its significance has been widely

recognized. This early, temporary colonization of Xhosa territory has served

as a lens through which to view colonial extension in the eastern Cape
as a
whole. In the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century settler histories
of
George Cory and George McCall Theal, the annexation of Queen Adelaide
Province represents a temporary advance within a much broader colonial

progress. One episode in the epic attempt to extend colonial civilization

across ‘Kaffraria’, expansion within the province was unfortunately
thwarted
by misguided Cape and metropolitan philanthropy. In W. M. Macmillan's

liberal critique of the late 1920s and early 1930s, the disputes over the

province between the land-hungry settlers, the strategically-minded
Governor D'Urban and the humanitarian Secretary of State for the Colonies,

Lord Glenelg, are again viewed as part of a much broader struggle. But

rather than Cory's struggle between civilization and savagery, this
is seen as
a contest between malicious and benign conceptions of colonialism. The

province represents an early collision between, on the one hand, evangelical

and humanitarian versions of cultural colonization that guaranteed Xhosa

access to their land (a kind of trusteeship that Macmillan advocated for
his
own times) and, on the other hand, the practice of colonization founded
upon
settler-led conquest and dispossession.
Urea as a nitrogen fertilizer for cereals
Authors: LLOYD A. , WEBB J. , ARCHER J. R. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R 
Published: July 2002

Twenty-six experiments were carried out in England and Wales from 1983 to 1985 to compare urea and ammonium nitrate (AN) as N top-dressing for cereals over the range 100–300 kg/ha N. Most of the experiments were sited on chalky or other soils of pH>7·0 where the greatest differences in effectiveness were expected.The results showed that while relative N offtake in grain was 2·5% greater from AN, there was no difference in grain yield. Splitting the main N application increased N offtake from urea but not from AN. Overall, urea effectiveness from a single application at GS 31 increased with increasing rainfall on the day of application, but was not increased by subsequent rainfall. On chalk soils, urea effectiveness increased with increasing cumulative rainfall up to the fifth day after application. There was little effect of rainfall on urea effectiveness when the dressing was split. Although grain yield was unaffected by the type of fertilizer N applied, grain N concentration was usually less from urea.The fertilizer N requirement for optimum yield (Nopt) wassimilar for both fertilizers. Splitting the main N application had no effect on yield or Nopt. We concludethat urea is a satisfactory source of N for cereals.
Long-term yield patterns in barley-based cropping systems in Northern Syria. 3. Barley monocropping
Authors: JONES M. J. , SINGH M. 
Published: July 2002

Results from monocropped barley treatments in long-term rotation (RTN) and continuous barley
(CB) trials at two sites were examined for fertilizer effects on yield means and long-term yield trends.
In RTN trials, mean responses to fertilizer (N[ratio ]P2O5) applied annually at rates of 20[ratio ]60 at the drier
and 40[ratio ]60 at the wetter site were almost double those from biennial application, confirming the need
for annual fertilization in monocropped barley systems. In CB trials, with N and P applied annually
in nine factorial combinations, at rates up to 120[ratio ]90, responses to each nutrient were curvilinear and
dependent on the presence of the other nutrient. Trend analysis showed a decline in grain yields over
time where NP fertilizer had not been applied or applied only at low annual rates (< 60[ratio ]45 or
< 60[ratio ]90, according to site); but straw yields, at worst, remained approximately stable in the absence
of fertilizer and generally increased strongly with higher NP rates. Uncertainties in the interpretation
of trend-analysis results indicate the need for methodology improvements, to include (i) additional
single-value parameters of the growth environment, to improve the model's ability to account for
seasonal variability, and (ii) a more flexible, non-linear function for time.It was concluded that barley monocropping is not necessarily non-sustainable in the medium term,
provided adequate annual fertilization is maintained; but risks of pest or disease build-up, in addition
to the superiority of legume-barley systems in biomass and crude protein output demonstrated in
preceding papers, undoubtedly favour the introduction of some forage legumes into long-term barley
sequences. The most practicable (and acceptable) systems may well be ones in which continuous
barley is interrupted by a legume, or even a bare fallow, every third or fourth year. Above all, farmers
should be helped to experiment with different forage legumes, barley–legume sequences, and modes
of legume harvest, to optimize outputs in relation to their evolving and individual enterprise needs.