bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition risk among an ethnically diverse sample of community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Sheean Patricia , Farrar Isabel C , Sulo Suela , Partridge Jamie , Schiffer Linda , Fitzgibbon Marian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of nutritional risk among an ethnically diverse group of urban community-dwelling older adults and to explore if risk varied by race/ethnicity.DesignDemographic characteristics, Katz’s activities of daily living and health-care resource utilization were ascertained cross-sectionally via telephone surveys with trained interviewers. Nutrition risk and nutrition symptomology were assessed via the abridged Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (abPG-SGA); scores of ≥6 points delineated ‘high’ nutrition risk. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted.SettingUrban.ParticipantsWhite, Black or Hispanic community-dwelling adults, ≥55 years of age, fluent in English or Spanish, residing in the city limits of Chicago, IL, USA.ResultsA total of 1001 participants (37 % white, 37 % Black, 26 % Hispanic) were surveyed. On average, participants were 66·9 years old, predominantly female and overweight/obese. Twenty-six per cent (n 263) of participants were classified as ‘high’ nutrition risk with 24, 14 and 31 % endorsing decreased oral intake, weight loss and compromised functioning, respectively. Black respondents constituted the greatest proportion of those with high risk scores, yet Hispanic participants displayed the most concerning nutrition risk profiles. Younger age, female sex, Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, emergency room visits, eating alone and taking three or more different prescribed or over-the-counter drugs daily were significantly associated with high risk scores (P<0·05).ConclusionsOne in four older adults living in an urban community prone to health disparities was classified as ‘high’ nutrition risk. Targeted interventions to promote healthy ageing are needed, especially for overweight/obese and minority community members.
Infant and young child feeding practices, sociodemographic factors and their association with nutritional status of children aged <3 years in India: findings of the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau survey, 2011–2012
Authors: Meshram Indrapal Ishwarji , Mallikharjun Rao K , Balakrishna Nagalla , Harikumar R , Arlappa N , Sreeramakrishna Kakani , Laxmaiah Avula 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and their association with nutritional status among young children.DesignA community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in ten states of India, using a multistage random sampling method. Anthropometric measurements such as length/height and weight were conducted and nutritional assessment was done using the WHO child growth standards.SettingNational Nutrition Monitoring Bureau survey, 2011–2012.ParticipantsChildren aged <3 years and their mothers.ResultsOnly 36 % of infants received breast-feeding within an hour of birth and 50 % were exclusively breast-fed up to 6 months. Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 38, 41 and 22 %, respectively. The chance of undernutrition among <3-year-old children was significantly higher among those from scheduled caste/scheduled tribe communities, the lowest-income group, with illiterate mothers and lack of sanitary latrine. Among infants, the chance of undernutrition was significantly higher among low-birth-weight babies, and among children whose mother had not consumed iron–folic acid tablets during pregnancy. Immunization practices and minimum dietary diversity were observed to be associated with undernutrition among 12–23-month-old children.ConclusionsUndernutrition is still an important public health problem in India and observed to be associated with low socio-economic status, illiteracy of mother, low birth weight and dietary diversity. Improving socio-economic and literacy status of mothers can help in improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy and thus low birth weight. Also, improving knowledge of mothers about IYCF practices will help in improving children’s nutritional status.
In praise of outlaws
Authors: King Rachel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract‘Outlaw’ is not a common category of archaeological thought but it is perhaps more useful than meets the eye. ‘Outlaws’ are typically viewed as contingent on legal and capitalist systems; they are, I suggest, also material, affective phenomena that draw our attention to how transgression, dissent and disorder are conceived through archaeological thinking. Here, I outline some ways in which ‘outlaw’ figures are ‘good to think with’, particularly for historical and colonial contexts but also for broader, more global frontier situations. Through three sketches of archetypal ‘outlaws’ in southern Africa's recent past, I consider where these disruptive figures draw attention to how mobility, violence, rebellion and state imagination (and the limits thereof) have been imagined through material misbehaviours.
The perils of ethnographic analogy. Parallel logics in ethnoarchaeology and Victorian Bible customs books
Authors: Cunningham Jerimy J. , McGeough Kevin M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent years, ethnoarchaeology and the use of ethnographic analogy have come under increasing criticism. Analogy seems necessary because, as post-industrial academics, archaeologists worry that they do not possess the knowledge necessary to interpret archaeological materials directly and thus must consult with coeval ‘premodern’ peoples to develop interpretive baselines. In this paper, we draw attention to a form of scholarly enquiry – 19th-century Bible customs books – that faced a similar challenge and used methodologies that parallel archaeology's use of ethnoarchaeological data. These were books written by missionaries who lived in Palestine for extended periods of time and studied Palestinian life to make sense of obscure elements of the biblical text, believing that life there had remained fundamentally unchanged for the past three thousand years. Using the Bible customs books as a kind of ‘cautionary tale’ typical of ethnoarchaeology, we argue that a consideration of this literature brings into focus some of the challenges faced by archaeologists’ use of analogy. Specifically, Bible customs books expose significant issues in how relations are conceptualized between archaeologists, others and ancients, and show how a strict empirical focus in ethnographic research can insulate key assumptions from critical scrutiny.
A taphonomy of a dark Anthropocene. A response to Þóra Pétursdóttir's OOO-inspired ‘Archaeology and Anthropocene’
Authors: Ion Alexandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractÞóra Pétursdóttir raises the point that archaeology is limited regarding what it can achieve, including the challenges posed by the Anthropocene, by a series of theoretical assumptions. She challenges the ‘traditional’ archaeological ‘key tropes’ in matters of this new epoch, namely the concepts of culture history, deep time/distant pasts, and the nature–culture divide. Instead, she proposes a number of new guiding points to orient archaeological inquiries, framed as part of the object-oriented ontological (OOO) philosophies. In reply, I claim that the use of OOO theories is rather unhelpful for addressing the topic of the Anthropocene, given that they lead to important ethical and political consequences: a fetishization of things, an abandoning of responsibility and an alienation of humans. They are also based on the confusion that analytical distinctions are in some way the ones responsible for the existence of inequalities, ecological destruction, racism or discrimination. Paradoxically, precisely through their annihilation, there is no room left for acknowledging the alterity of the past.
Ultrastructural Deformities in the Scales of Cyprinus carpio Inhabiting Two Government-Sponsored Fish Farms in North-East India Contaminated by Municipal Wastes and Other Pollutants
Authors: Pala Eva M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractScanning electron microscopy of the scales of Cyprinus carpio, inhabiting two government-sponsored fish farms, with different sources of pollutants, in the North-East state of Meghalaya, India revealed extensive damage to them. Lepidonts, which are teeth-like structures present on the edge of circulii, were discovered to be either partly or completely damaged. The dislodgment of complete rows of lepidonts along with broken lepidonts was also observed. Loss of symmetry and torn areas of circulii are some of the abnormalities also observed as compared to control samples. The alterations observed could be because of the high sensitivity of the scales to environmental stress and their capacity to react to low concentrations of pollutants, which makes them a sensitive bioindicator of water pollution. The study hence not only represents an advance in pollution research, by employing a highly sophisticated analytical approach to reveal the above-mentioned microstructural scale abnormalities, but it can also have scientific impact on the society at large and the fish culturist in particular in understanding the destructive impact of pollution caused by mismanagement of city garbage and agricultural effluents.
Joining of TiAl Alloy Using Novel Ag–Cu Sputtered Coated Ti Brazing Filler
Authors: Simões Sónia , Soares Ana , Tavares Carlos José , Guedes Aníbal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of titanium foil coated with sputtered silver and copper films as a novel brazing filler for joining TiAl alloys. For this purpose, a detailed microstructural characterization of the resulting brazing interfaces was carried out. The development of brazing fillers that allow the joining of TiAl alloys without compromising the service temperature is a fruitful prospect. Brazing experiments were performed in a vacuum at 900, 950, and 980°C, with a dwell time of 30 min. Microstructural characterization reveals that brazing joints can be obtained successfully at 950 and 980°C. The interface consists of a large central region of α-Ti with an amount of Al and Ti–Ag compound and thin layers, mainly composed of intermetallic compounds, formed close to the base material. A novel brazing filler consisting of Ti foil coated with sputtered Ag and Cu films inhibits the extensive formation of soft (Ag) zones or coarse brittle Ti–Al–(Cu,Ni) particles. Hence, the need for post-brazing heat treatments for the joining of TiAl alloys was avoided.
TWO SYLLOGISMS IN THEMOZI: CHINESE LOGIC AND LANGUAGE
Authors: YI BYEONG-UK 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article examines two syllogistic arguments contrasted in an ancient Chinese book, theMozi, which expounds doctrines of the Mohist school of philosophers. While the arguments seem to have the same form, one of them (theone-horse argument) is valid but the other (thetwo-horse argument) is not. To explain this difference, the article uses English plural constructions to formulate the arguments. Then it shows that the one-horse argument is valid because it has a valid argument form, the plural cousin of a standard form of valid categorical syllogisms (Plural Barbara), and argues that the two-horse argument involves equivocal uses of a key predicate (the Chinese counterpart of ‘have four feet’) that has the distributive/nondistributive ambiguity. In doing so, the article discusses linguistic differences between Chinese and English and explains why the logic of plural constructions is applicable to Chinese arguments that involve no plural constructions.
Can GNSS Reflectometry Detect Precipitation Over Oceans?
Authors: Asgarimehr Milad , Zavorotny Valery , Wickert Jens , Reich Sebastian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor the first time, a rain signature in Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) observations is demonstrated. Based on the argument that the forward quasi‐specular scattering relies upon surface gravity waves with lengths larger than several wavelengths of the reflected signal, a commonly made conclusion is that the scatterometric GNSS‐R measurements are not sensitive to the surface small‐scale roughness generated by raindrops impinging on the ocean surface. On the contrary, this study presents an evidence that the bistatic radar cross section σ0 derived from TechDemoSat‐1 data is reduced due to rain at weak winds, lower than ≈ 6 m/s. The decrease is as large as ≈ 0.7 dB at the wind speed of 3 m/s due to a precipitation of 0–2 mm/hr. The simulations based on the recently published scattering theory provide a plausible explanation for this phenomenon which potentially enables the GNSS‐R technique to detect precipitation over oceans at low winds.
Quantifying East Asian Summer Monsoon Dynamics in the ECP4.5 Scenario With Reference to the Mid‐Piacenzian Warm Period
Authors: Sun Yong , Ramstein Gilles , Li Laurent Z. X. , Contoux Camille , Tan Ning , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe mid‐Piacenzian (~3.3–3.0 Ma), which was characterized by high pCO2 (~400 ppm) and global surface air temperatures that were 1.84–3.60 °C above pre‐Industrial levels, provides clues to the likely changes in atmospheric dynamics in a future climate affected by anthropogenic warming, although its suitability as an analogue of the future climate has yet to be assessed. This study investigates the extent to which the dynamics of the East Asian summer monsoon during the mid‐Piacenzian can aid our understanding of East Asian summer monsoon behavior in the Extended Concentration Pathway version 4.5 scenario, using water vapor and moist static energy equations. The temperature‐dependent large‐scale moisture transport explains the similar pattern of precipitation increase in the two climates, whereas regional patterns of vertical motion differ significantly. Two of the main terms of the moist static energy equation control the changes in regional dynamics relative to the pre‐Industrial period. These terms relate to zonal advection of stationary eddy dry enthalpy by the mean zonal wind and meridional stationary eddy velocity over East Asia. Topographic differences between the two cases have a negligible effect on regional precipitation.
Evolution of Asymmetrically Displaced Footpoints During Substorms
Authors: Ohma A. , Østgaard N. , Reistad J. P. , Tenfjord P. , Laundal K. M. , Snekvik K. , Haaland S. E. , Fillingim M. O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is well established that a transverse (y) component in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) induces a By component in the closed magnetosphere through asymmetric loading and/or redistribution of magnetic flux. Simultaneous images of the aurora in the two hemispheres have revealed that conjugate auroral features are displaced longitudinally during such conditions. Although the direction and magnitude of this displacement show correlations with IMF clock angle and dipole tilt, single events show large temporal and spatial variability of this displacement. For instance, we know little about how the displacement changes during a substorm. A previous case study demonstrated that displaced auroral forms, associated with the prevailing IMF orientation, returned to a more symmetric configuration during the expansion phase of two substorms. Using the far ultraviolet cameras on board the Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration and Polar satellites, we have identified multiple events where conjugate auroral images are available during periods with substorm activity and IMF By≠0. We identify conjugate auroral features and investigate how the asymmetry evolves during the expansion phase. We find that the system returns to a more symmetric state in the events with a clear increase in the nightside reconnection rate and that the displacement remains unchanged in the events with little or no net closure of open magnetic flux. The return to a more symmetric state can therefore be interpreted as the result of increased reconnection rate in the magnetotail during the expansion phase, which reduces the asymmetric lobe pressure.
The Study of Momentum, Mass, and Heat Transfer in a Droplet‐Laden Turbulent Airflow Over a Waved Water Surface by Direct Numerical Simulation
Authors: Druzhinin O. A. , Troitskaya Yu. I. , Zilitinkevich S. S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates turbulent exchange processes in a droplet‐laden air flow over a waved water surface by performing direct numerical simulation (DNS). Turbulent Couette flow is considered in DNS as a model of a constant‐flux layer in the marine atmospheric surface layer. Two‐dimensional stationary waves at the water surface are prescribed and assumed to be unaffected by the airflow and/or droplets. Evaporating droplets of different sizes are injected into the air in the vicinity of wave crests with initial velocities and temperatures of water, and thus mimicking spume sea‐spray droplets. Evolution equations of the airflow velocity, temperature, and humidity are solved in a Eulerian framework simultaneously with the equations of individual droplets coordinates and velocities, temperatures, and masses tracked in a Lagrangian framework. The momentum (Qm) and sensible (QS) and latent (QL) heat fluxes from the droplets to air are evaluated both as phase‐averaged Eulerian fields and as fluxes integrated over time along Lagrangian droplets trajectories. The results show that droplets extract momentum from the surrounding air (Qm < 0), and QL > 0 and increases with droplet diameter, d, whereas QS < 0, reaches maximum for droplets with diameters of the order of 200 μm, and saturates for larger droplets. The resulting enthalpy flux QS + QL > 0 vanishes for droplets with diameters d < 100 μm, and increases with d for larger droplets. DNS results also show that droplets reduce mean air velocity and temperature and increase relative humidity as compared to the droplet‐free flow.
A New Number Format for Ensemble Simulations
Authors: Düben Peter D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new number format for ensemble simulations for weather and climate predictions is presented. The new format exploits similarities between ensemble members to reduce overall data usage. Data use and movement is the most important performance bottleneck for weather and climate models on modern supercomputers. The new format can be realized on standard hardware and with standard computing languages such as Fortran. The format is tested in simulations with a shallow water model. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Calibrating HF Radar Elevation Angle Measurements Using E Layer Backscatter Echoes
Authors: Ponomarenko P. , St.‐Maurice J.‐P. , McWilliams K. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOne of the most important observed parameters of the ionospheric radar returns in the high‐frequency range is the vertical arrival angle (elevation angle), which provides information about ionospheric conditions along the propagation path, as well as characterizes the propagation mode of the radio signals. The most advanced network of ionospheric high‐frequency (HF) radars, SuperDARN (Super Dual Auroral Radar Network) utilizes two‐array interferometry to estimate this parameter. However, due to the intrinsic technical difficulties with direct (instrumental) calibration of a time offset between measurements made by the two arrays, td, the SuperDARN elevation angle data have been rarely used in the past. The present work is a further development of the calibration technique recently proposed by Ponomarenko et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0310-3), which was based on the well‐defined propagation properties of the F layer ground scatter echoes. The main disadvantage of the original technique is that the F layer propagation conditions may vary considerably, even on a day‐to‐day basis, so its application requires visual analysis of data records. In order to address this issue, the new method utilizes the E layer ionospheric scatter whose range and altitude coverage are much more constrained. This allowed to quantify calibration criteria and to develop an automated procedure for td estimation. The improved technique has been applied to 1 year of data records from the Rankin Inlet SuperDARN radar and has demonstrated the capability for reliable td monitoring on a daily basis. Importantly, the proposed technique does not require access to the radar hardware and allows for calibrating historic data.
Time‐Window Approaches to Space‐Weather Forecast Metrics: A Solar Wind Case Study
Authors: Owens Mathew J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMetrics are an objective, quantitative assessment of forecast (or model) agreement with observations. They are essential for assessing forecast accuracy and reliability and consequently act as a diagnostic for forecast development. Partly as a result of limited spatial sampling of observations, much of space‐weather forecasting is focused on the time domain rather than inherent spatial variability. Thus, metrics are primarily point‐by‐point approaches, in which observed conditions at time t are compared directly (and only) with the forecast conditions at time t. Such metrics are undoubtedly useful. But in lacking an explicit consideration of timing uncertainties, they have limitations as diagnostic tools and can, under certain conditions, be misleading. Using a near‐Earth solar wind speed forecast as an illustrative example, this study briefly reviews the most commonly used point‐by‐point metrics and advocates for complementary time window approaches. In particular, a scale‐selective approach, originally developed in numerical weather prediction for validation of spatially patchy rainfall forecasts, is adapted to the time domain for space‐weather purposes. This simple approach readily determines the time scales over which a forecast is and is not valuable, allowing the results of point‐by‐point metrics to be put in greater context.
Reply to Comment by Pedreira et al. on “Reconstruction of the Exhumed Mantle Across the North Iberian Margin by Crustal‐Scale 3‐D Gravity Inversion and Geological Cross Section”
Authors: Pedrera A. , García‐Senz J. , Ayala C. , Ruiz‐Constán A. , Rodríguez‐Fernández L. R. , Robador A. , González Menéndez L. 
Published: November 2018

Key Points

A continuous high‐density body is regarded as exhumed mantle rocks beneath the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin extending along the Northern Pyrenees
Pedreira et al. () doubts our 3‐D gravity model, the view of the high‐density body as exhumed mantle, and the proposed geodynamic model
We defend point by point our model that offers important keys to understand the extension and inversion of the North Iberian Margin
Defective DNA damage repair leads to frequent catastrophic genomic events in murine and human tumors
Authors: Ratnaparkhe Manasi , Wong John K. L. , Wei Pei-Chi , Hlevnjak Mario , Kolb Thorsten , Simovic Milena , Haag Daniel , Paul Yashna , Devens Frauke , Northcott Paul , Jones David T. W. , Kool Marcel , Jauch Anna , Pastorczak Agata , Mlynarski Wojciech , Korshunov Andrey , Kumar Rajiv , Downing Susanna M. , Pfister Stefan M. , Zapatka Marc , McKinnon Peter J. , Alt Frederick W. , Lichter Peter , Ernst Aurélie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChromothripsis and chromoanasynthesis are catastrophic events leading to clustered genomic rearrangements. Whole-genome sequencing revealed frequent complex genomic rearrangements (n = 16/26) in brain tumors developing in mice deficient for factors involved in homologous-recombination-repair or non-homologous-end-joining. Catastrophic events were tightly linked to Myc/Mycn amplification, with increased DNA damage and inefficient apoptotic response already observable at early postnatal stages. Inhibition of repair processes and comparison of the mouse tumors with human medulloblastomas (n = 68) and glioblastomas (n = 32) identified chromothripsis as associated with MYC/MYCN gains and with DNA repair deficiencies, pointing towards therapeutic opportunities to target DNA repair defects in tumors with complex genomic rearrangements.