bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Embodiment and Subjectivity”: Intersectional Black Feminist Curatorial Practices in Canada
Authors: Joachim Joana 
Published: December 2018

Dans le contexte de l’héritage canadien de colonialisme et de profond racisme, les musées ont contribué à l’oppression des Noir.e.s, des communautés de couleur et des peuples autochtones en gardant le silence ou en supprimant certaines histoires sous prétexte d’« objectivité ». Cet article examine les pratiques commissariales de deux femmes noires canadiennes, Gaëtane Verna, directrice et conservatrice en chef de la galerie d’art contemporain The Power Plant, et Andrea Fatona, commissaire indépendante, afin de situer le commissariat critique à l’intérieur de perspectives afroféministes intersectionnelles. En conformité avec une base conceptuelle fondamentale de ce féminisme, je soutiens que ce qui rend l’acte commissarial « critique » est la reconnaissance non seulement de la position qu’une personne occupe dans la société, mais aussi de celles dont elle ne fait pas toujours l’expérience. En examinant les pratiques de ces deux femmes, je mets au jour une riche histoire de l’art et du commissariat des Noir.e.s au Canada.
Hugin ser tilbake: Formidlingsartikler av ansatte ved Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsø, 1999–2006
Authors: Salvesen Helge 
Published: December 2018

Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet har siden 1984 hatt Ulf Dreyers utforming av Odins to ravner Hugin og Munin som logo for Universitetet. Hver morgen flyr ravnene ut i verden for å samle ny viten. Hva de ser, forteller de til Odin om kvelden når de kommer tilbake og setter seg på hans skuldre. Sammen representerer de Odins sjel, noe deres navn vitner om: tanke og minne. Myten forklarer Odins allvitenhet.
Arbeidet med å formidle universitetets aktivitet sto sentralt alt fra etableringstida. Den første universitetsavisa het «Universitetet i Tromsø» og utkom fra juni 1970. Ved universitetets sentralarkiv har Kristin Lønner Opdahl undersøkt hva som finnes av informasjon om internavisene våre. Ved arkivet finnes eksemplarer av den første avisa fra 1970–1973. Det er ingen informasjon i siste utgave fra 1973 om bakgrunnen for nedlegging.
Men alt fra 1972 kom en ny internavis ut – «UNITERN». Den ble utgitt i hele 20 år fram til 1992, og ble videreført av «Mimes brønn» som ble utgitt fra 1992-1995. Med «Tromsøflaket», som ble utgitt fra 1992–2005, kom diskusjonen opp om elektronisk utgiving av internavisen. Det ble en heftig diskusjon om dette, og det endte med at «Tromsøflaket» ble utgitt både på papir og elektronisk. Den hittil siste formidlingspublikasjonen ved universitetet var «Labyrint», som eksisterte fra 2007 til 2016. Dette var et påkostet blad som ble utgitt på papir. Med dagens elektroniske medier har de papirbaserte internaviser utspilt sin rolle.
Gjennom den elektroniske skriftserien «Hugins øye» har Universitetsbiblioteket ønsket å gi små gløtt inn i det vitensenter biblioteket representerer. Det var et mål å kunne presentere ulike aktualiteter innen kunnskaps- og forskningsformidling, nye tilbud til våre brukere og nyheter fra biblioteksektoren mer generelt. Det var også et mål å gjøre leserne bedre kjent med spesielle godbiter fra våre egne samlinger.
Brorparten av artiklene i denne samlingen, 35 stykker, stammer fra «Hugins øye». De ble opprinnelig publisert i tidsrommet 1999–2006. De resterende 21 artiklene er Universitetsbibliotekets bidrag til «Tromsøflaket» i perioden 2002–2003. Bakgrunnen for at de gjenutgis her, er todelt. For det første ligger det i et Universitetsbiblioteks vesen å systematisere og ta vare på den kunnskapen som samles inn. Nyttige formidlingsartikler bør ikke forsvinne ved neste systemoppdatering, men heller gis varig liv i sikre kanaler. For det andre feirer universitetet i år sitt 50-årsjubileum. Det er en utmerket anledning til å skue tilbake og se hva ravnene har samlet og formidlet av kunnskap i årenes løp. Dermed ser dette Ravnetrykket dagens lys.
A Light‐Powered Ultralight Tensegrity Robot with High Deformability and Load Capacity
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Li Kai , He Qiguang , Cai Shengqiang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTraditional hard robots often require complex motion‐control systems to accomplish various tasks, while applications of soft‐bodied robots are limited by their low load‐carrying capability. Herein, a hybrid tensegrity robot composed of both hard and soft materials is constructed, mimicking the musculoskeletal system of animals. Employing liquid crystal elastomer–carbon nanotube composites as artificial muscles in the tensegrity robot, it is demonstrated that the robot is extremely deformable, and its multidirectional locomotion can be entirely powered by light. The tensegrity robot is ultralight, highly scalable, has high load capacity, and can be precisely controlled to move along different paths on multiterrains. In addition, the robot also shows excellent resilience, deployability, and impact‐mitigation capability, making it an ideal platform for robotics for a wide range of applications.
A Slim Polymer Film with a Seamless Panoramic Field of View: The Radially Distributed Waveguide Encoded Lattice (RDWEL)
Authors: Lin Hao , Hosein Ian Dean , Benincasa Kathryn Ann , Saravanamuttu Kalaichelvi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe nearly hemispherical field of view (FOV) of arthropodal compound eyes has inspired analogs ranging from curved, lens‐patterned domes to planar constructs patterned with microlenses. A radial distribution of cylindrical waveguides that monotonically spans ±33° confers an FOV of 115° to a slim (≤3 mm) polymer film. This is the greatest panoramic FOV reported for any plane‐faced, single‐component structure. The radially distributed waveguide encoded lattice (RDWEL) waveguides are inscribed in a single, room‐temperature step by a large (≈15 000 cm−2), converging population of self‐trapped incandescent beams elicited in a photopolymerizable epoxide fluid. Because the resulting waveguides are multimoded and polychromatic, the RDWEL operates at all visible wavelengths emitted by broadband (e.g., ambient sunlight) and narrow ranged (e.g., light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers) sources. Due to the overlap of the angular acceptance ranges between neighboring waveguides, the structure captures light incident at any angle within its FOV. Distinct in the field, the RDWEL confers an exceptionally large, seamless FOV for all visible wavelengths to a planar, single‐component, flexible and robust slim film. It therefore holds considerable potential as coatings for enhanced light capture (solar cells), beam shaping (LEDs, projectors), and imaging (smart phones, microscopes, and endoscopes).
Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydroxyl‐Enabled Cycloaddition of Azides and Alkynes
Authors: Chen Renjie , Zeng Linwei , Lai Zhencheng , Cui Sunliang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA novel iridium‐catalyzed hydroxyl‐enabled cycloaddition of azides and alkynes has been developed. In the presence of catalytic amount (2 mol%) of [Ir(cod)Cl]2, the 2‐alkynyl phenols would engage in a regioselective cycloaddition with various azides for rapid access to diverse triazoles, and the hydroxyl group acts as directing group to enable this reaction. The process is featured mild and biocompatible reaction condition with the achievement of brevity and diversity. Furthermore, the hydroxyl group offers ample opportunity for late‐stage divergent transformations of the products.magnified image
Carbon Quantum Dots–Modified Interfacial Interactions and Ion Conductivity for Enhanced High Current Density Performance in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Hu Yin , Chen Wei , Lei Tianyu , Zhou Bin , Jiao Yu , Yan Yichao , Du Xinchuan , Huang Jianwen , Wu Chunyang , Wang Xuepeng , Wang Yang , Chen Bo , Xu Jun , Wang Chao , Xiong Jie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSignificant progress has achieved for developing lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries with high specific capacities and excellent cyclic stability. However, some critical issues emerge when attempts are made to raise the areal sulfur loading and increase the operation current density to meet the standards for various industrial applications. In this work, polyethylenimine‐functionalized carbon dots (PEI‐CDots) are designed and prepared for enhancing performance of the Li–S batteries with high sulfur loadings and operation under high current density situations. Strong chemical binding effects towards polysulfides and fast ion transport property are achieved in the PEI‐CDots‐modified cathodes. At a high current density of 8 mA cm−2, the PEI‐CDots‐modified Li–S battery delivers a reversible areal capacity of 3.3 mAh cm−2 with only 0.07% capacity decay per cycle over 400 cycles at 6.6 mg sulfur loading. Detailed analysis, involving electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations, is done for the elucidation of the underlying enhancement mechanism by the PEI‐CDots. The strongly localized sulfur species and the promoted Li+ ion conductivity at the cathode–electrolyte interface are revealed to enable high‐performance Li–S batteries with high sulfur loading and large operational current.
Theoretical versus Practical Energy: A Plea for More Transparency in the Energy Calculation of Different Rechargeable Battery Systems
Authors: Betz Johannes , Bieker Georg , Meister Paul , Placke Tobias , Winter Martin , Schmuch Richard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrochemical energy storage at a large scale poses one of the main technological challenges of this century. The scientific community in academia and industry worldwide intensively is exploring various alternative rechargeable battery concepts beside state‐of‐the‐art lithium ion batteries (LIBs), for example, all‐solid‐state batteries, lithium/sulfur batteries, magnesium/sulfur batteries or dual‐ion batteries that could outperform LIBs in different aspects. Often, these concepts also promise very high theoretical energies per mass or volume. However, as theoretical values exclude numerous relevant parameters, they do not translate directly into practically achievable energy values: The gaps between practical capacities and voltages compared to the theoretical values differ for each system. In order to provide high transparency and to illustrate which cell components are most important in the limitation of the practical energy values, in this study, the specific energies and energy densities are calculated in six subsequent steps—from the theoretical energy values of the active materials alone to the practical energy values in an 18650 cylindrical cell. By providing a tool to calculate the energy values of six different battery technologies with different assumptions made evident, this study aims for more transparency and reliability in the comparison of different cell chemistries.
Physical activity and time budgets of Hadza forager children: Implications for self‐provisioning and the ontogeny of the sexual division of labor
Authors: Froehle Andrew W. , Wells G. Kilian , Pollom Trevor R. , Mabulla Audax Z. P. , Lew‐Levy Sheina , Crittenden Alyssa N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effects of age and sex on physical activity and time budgets of Hadza children and juveniles, 5‐14 years old, including both in‐camp and out‐of‐camp activities.MethodsBehavioral data were derived from ~15 000 hourly in‐camp scan observations of 76 individuals and 13 out‐of‐camp focal follows on nine individuals. The data were used to estimate energy expended and percentage of time engaged in a variety of routine activities, including food collection, childcare, making and repairing tools, and household maintenance.ResultsOur results suggest that (1) older children spend more time in economic activities; (2) females spend more time engaged in work‐related and economic activities in camp, whereas males spend more time engaged in economic activities out of camp; and (3) foraging by both sexes tends to net caloric gains despite being energetically costly.ConclusionsThese results show that, among the Hadza, a sexual division of labor begins to emerge in middle childhood and is well in place by adolescence. Furthermore, foraging tends to provide net caloric gains, suggesting that children are capable of reducing at least some of the energetic burden they place upon their parents or alloparents. The findings are relevant to our understanding of the ways in which young foragers allocate their time, the development of sex‐specific behavior patterns, and the capacity of children's work efforts to offset the cost of their own care in a cooperative breeding environment.
One small step: A review of Plio‐Pleistocene hominin foot evolution
Authors: DeSilva Jeremy , McNutt Ellison , Benoit Julien , Zipfel Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBipedalism is a hallmark of being human and the human foot is modified to reflect this unique form of locomotion. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with calling the human foot “a masterpiece of engineering and a work of art.” However, a scientific approach to human origins has revealed that our feet are products of a long, evolutionary history in which a mobile, grasping organ has been converted into a propulsive structure adapted for the rigors of bipedal locomotion. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of foot anatomy benefits from a fossil record; yet, prior to 1960, the only hominin foot bones recovered were from Neandertals. Even into the 1990s, the human foot fossil record consisted mostly of fragmentary remains. However, in the last two decades, the human foot fossil record has quadrupled, and these new discoveries have fostered fresh new perspectives on how our feet evolved. In this review, we document anatomical differences between extant ape and human foot bones, and comprehensively examine the hominin foot fossil record. Additionally, we take a novel approach and conduct a cladistics analysis on foot fossils (n = 19 taxa; n = 80 characters), and find strong evidence for mosaic evolution of the foot, and a variety of anatomically and functionally distinct foot forms as bipedal locomotion evolved.
Buffered or impaired: Maternal anemia, inflammation and breast milk macronutrients in northern Kenya
Authors: Fujita Masako , Paredes Ruvalcaba Nerli , Wander Katherine , Corbitt Mary , Brindle Eleanor 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundMaternal anemia has adverse consequences for the mother‐infant dyad. To evaluate whether and how milk nutrient content may change in ways that could “buffer” infants against the conditions underlying maternal anemia, this study assessed associations between milk macronutrients and maternal iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA), non‐iron‐deficiency anemia (NIDA), and inflammation.MethodsA secondary analysis of cross‐sectional data and milk from northern Kenya was conducted (n = 204). The combination of hemoglobin and transferrin receptor defined IDA/NIDA. Elevated serum C‐reactive protein defined acute inflammation. The effects of IDA, NIDA, and inflammation on milk macronutrients were evaluated in regression models.ResultsIDA (β = 0.077, p = .022) and NIDA (β = 0.083, p = .100) predicted higher total protein (ln). IDA (β = −0.293, p = .002), NIDA (β = −0.313, p = .047), and inflammation (β = −0.269, p = .007) each predicted lower fat (ln); however, anemia accompanying inflammation predicted higher fat (β = 0.655, p = .007 for IDA and β = 0.468, p = .092 for NIDA). NIDA predicted higher lactose (β = 1.020, p = .003).ConclusionsMilk macronutrient content both increases and decreases in the presence of maternal anemia and inflammation, suggesting a more complicated and dynamic change than simple impairment of nutrient delivery during maternal stress. Maternal fat delivery to milk may be impaired under anemia. Mothers may buffer infant nutrition against adverse conditions or poor maternal health by elevating milk protein (mothers with IDA/NIDA), lactose (mothers with NIDA), or fat (mothers with anemia and inflammation). This study demonstrates the foundational importance of maternal micronutrient health and inflammation or infection for advancing the ecological understanding of human milk nutrient variation.
Time to peak velocity in the main pulmonary artery as a marker of persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates
Authors: Gately Callum , Patel Harshad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess right ventricular systolic time intervals, specifically, time to peak velocity (TPV) in the pulmonary artery as a marker of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHTN).MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study of 30 infants with pulmonary hypertension requiring intensive care management. Cardiac ultrasounds were re‐analysed, comparing TPV measurements to a group of 31 controls who had cardiac ultrasounds performed for incidental murmurs with structurally normal hearts.ResultsTime to peak velocity was significantly shorter in the PPHTN group compared to controls, 47 vs. 95 ms, respectively. This was statistically significant with a P‐value of <0.001.ConclusionTime to peak velocity in the pulmonary artery is a useful marker of PPHTN in the first week of life. This measurement is especially useful if neither tricuspid regurgitation or a patent ductus are present for interrogation on ultrasound.
Hochdurchsatzstrategien zur Entdeckung und Optimierung katalytischer Reaktionen
Authors: Isbrandt Eric S. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Newman Stephen G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDie homogene Katalyse stellt Chemikern zahlreiche Transformationen zur Verfügung, die einen raschen Aufbau organischer Moleküle ermöglichen. Allerdings sind diese Reaktionen komplex, da sie viele substratabhängige mechanistische Schritte erfordern, die harmonisch unter einheitlichen experimentellen Bedingungen ablaufen müssen. Infolgedessen führen Synthesechemiker oftmals arbeitsintensive empirische Studien durch, um geeignete Katalysatoren, Lösungsmittel und Additive zu ermitteln, mit denen hohe Ausbeuten und Selektivitäten erreicht werden können. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden neu entwickelte Hilfsmittel, Techniken und Strategien beschrieben, die diesen Entwicklungsprozess verbessern. Speziell die Anwendung von Hochdurchsatzverfahren zur Durchführung von mehr Experimenten, Prinzipien der Versuchsplanung und statistische Hilfsmittel für Vorhersagemodelle werden diskutiert.
Zweizähnige Bor‐Lewis‐Säuren und ihre Selektivität in der Wirt‐Gast‐Komplexbildung
Authors: Niermeier Philipp , Blomeyer Sebastian , Bejaoui Younes K. J. , Beckmann J. Louis , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractZweizähnige Bor‐Lewis‐Säuren wurden ausgehend von 1,8‐Diethinylanthracen in zwei Schritten synthetisiert. Dazu wurden die endständigen Alkine zunächst stannyliert und anschließend Zinn‐Bor‐Austauschreaktionen mit verschiedenen Chlorboranen durchgeführt. Die Reaktionen liefern einen sehr selektiven Zugang zu den Zielverbindungen in hoher Reinheit und mit guten bis sehr guten Ausbeuten. Komplexierungsexperimente von 1,8‐Bis[(diphenylboranyl)ethinyl]anthracen mit Stickstoffbasen (Pyridin, Pyrimidin, TMEDA) führen zur Bildung stabiler Addukte, deren Strukturen mithilfe von Röntgenbeugung ermittelt wurden. Konkurrenzreaktionen belegen den selektiven Austausch der Gastmoleküle und quantenchemische Rechnungen liefern Informationen zu ihrer Energetik. Einblicke in das dynamische Verhalten des TMEDA‐Addukts ergaben sich aus Tieftemperatur‐NMR‐Experimenten.
Luminescent Radical‐Excimer: Excited‐State Dynamics of Luminescent Radicals in Doped Host Crystals
Authors: Kato Ken , Kimura Shun , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Nishihara Hiroshi , Teki Yoshio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe excited‐state dynamics of the photostable luminescent organic radical (3,5‐dichloro‐4‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl (PyBTM) doped in a host crystal was investigated by using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and time‐resolved emission spectroscopies. In the radical system, the unpaired electron can be used as the probe for studying the electronic state and its dynamics. The mixed crystal with a high concentration of the radical showed excimer emission, together with the monomer emission. The ODMR signals were observed with opposite signs for monitoring the monomer and the excimer emissions. Based on their temperature and concentration dependencies, the excited‐state dynamics on the doped crystal and the mechanism of the excimer formation and the ODMR signal generation are discussed with the help of the quantum mechanical simulation of the excited‐state spin dynamics. The initial process of excimer formation has been clarified for the first time from the viewpoint of the spin‐dynamics.
Recent Advances and Challenges in the Design of Organic Photoacid and Photobase Generators for Polymerizations
Authors: Zivic Nicolas , Kuroishi Paula K. , Dumur Frédéric , Gigmes Didier , Dove Andrew P. , Sardon Haritz 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhotopolymerization, or the use of light to trigger polymerization, is one of the most exciting technologies for advanced manufacturing of polymers. One of the key components in the photopolymerization processes is the photoactive compound that absorbs the light, generating the active species that promotes the polymerization and largely determines the final properties of the material. The field of photopolymerization has been dominated by photoradical generators to mediate radical reactions. In the last decade, to expand the number of polymers that can be prepared by photopolymerization, intensive research has been devoted to the synthesis and utilization of photoactive molecules that are able to generate a base or an acid upon irradiation. These organic compounds are known to promote not only the ring‐opening polymerization of various heterocyclic monomers such as lactones, carbonates, or epoxides but also to trigger the step‐growth synthesis of polyurethanes. This Minireview highlights the recent advances in the development of organic photobase and photoacid generators, with the aim of encouraging the wider application of these photoactive compounds in the photopolymerization area and to expand the use of these polymers in advanced manufacturing processes.
High Throughput Strategies for the Discovery and Optimization of Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Isbrandt Eric S. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Newman Stephen G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHomogeneous catalysis has provided chemists with numerous transformations to enable rapid construction of organic molecules. However, these reactions are complex, requiring multiple substrate‐dependent mechanistic steps to operate in harmony under a single set of experimental conditions. As a consequence, synthetic chemists often carry out laborious, empirical screening to identify suitable catalysts, solvents, and additives to achieve high yields and selectivity. In this Minireview, recently developed tools, technologies, and strategies will be described that improve this development process. In particular, the application of high throughput techniques to run more experiments, experimental design principles to access better data, and statistical tools to provide predictive models will be discussed.