bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negativity volume of the generalized Wigner function as an entanglement witness for hybrid bipartite states
Authors: Arkhipov Ievgen I. , Barasiński Artur , Svozilík Jiří 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn a recent paper, Tilma, Everitt et al. derived a generalized Wigner function that can characterize both the discrete and continuous variable states, i.e., hybrid states. As such, one can expect that the negativity of the generalized Wigner function applied to the hybrid states can reveal their nonclassicality, in analogy with the well-known Wigner function defined for the continuous variable states. In this work, we demonstrate that, indeed, the negativity volume of the generalized Wigner function of the hybrid bipartite states can be used as an entanglement witness for such states, provided that it exceeds a certain critical value. In particular, we study hybrid bipartite qubit–bosonic states and provide a qubit–Schrödinger cat state as an example. Since the detection of the generalized Wigner function of hybrid bipartite states in phase space can be experimentally simpler than the tomographic reconstruction of the corresponding density matrix, our results, therefore, present a convenient tool in the entanglement identification of such states.
Improved reference genome for the domestic horse increases assembly contiguity and composition
Authors: Kalbfleisch Theodore S. , Rice Edward S. , DePriest Michael S. , Walenz Brian P. , Hestand Matthew S. , Vermeesch Joris R. , O′Connell Brendan L. , Fiddes Ian T. , Vershinina Alisa O. , Saremi Nedda F. , Petersen Jessica L. , Finno Carrie J. , Bellone Rebecca R. , McCue Molly E. , Brooks Samantha A. , Bailey Ernest , Orlando Ludovic , Green Richard E. , Miller Donald C. , Antczak Douglas F. , MacLeod James N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent advances in genomic sequencing technology and computational assembly methods have allowed scientists to improve reference genome assemblies in terms of contiguity and composition. EquCab2, a reference genome for the domestic horse, was released in 2007. Although of equal or better quality compared to other first-generation Sanger assemblies, it had many of the shortcomings common to them. In 2014, the equine genomics research community began a project to improve the reference sequence for the horse, building upon the solid foundation of EquCab2 and incorporating new short-read data, long-read data, and proximity ligation data. Here, we present EquCab3. The count of non-N bases in the incorporated chromosomes is improved from 2.33 Gb in EquCab2 to 2.41 Gb in EquCab3. Contiguity has also been improved nearly 40-fold with a contig N50 of 4.5 Mb and scaffold contiguity enhanced to where all but one of the 32 chromosomes is comprised of a single scaffold.
Dissection of metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidney disease reveals coordinated rewiring of bioenergetic pathways
Authors: Podrini Christine , Rowe Isaline , Pagliarini Roberto , Costa Ana S. H. , Chiaravalli Marco , Di Meo Ivano , Kim Hyunho , Distefano Gianfranco , Tiranti Valeria , Qian Feng , di Bernardo Diego , Frezza Christian , Boletta Alessandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Increased glycolysis is a prominent feature of the disease, but how it impacts on other metabolic pathways is unknown. Here, we present an analysis of mouse Pkd1 mutant cells and kidneys to investigate the metabolic reprogramming of this pathology. We show that loss of Pkd1 leads to profound metabolic changes that affect glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis (FAS). We find that Pkd1-mutant cells preferentially use glutamine to fuel the TCA cycle and to sustain FAS. Interfering with either glutamine uptake or FAS retards cell growth and survival. We also find that glutamine is diverted to asparagine via asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Transcriptional profiling of PKD1-mutant human kidneys confirmed these alterations. We find that silencing of Asns is lethal in Pkd1-mutant cells when combined with glucose deprivation, suggesting therapeutic approaches for ADPKD.
The Shape Bias in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Potential Sources of Individual Differences
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Kover Sara T. , Wagner Manuela , Naigles Letitia R. 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate many mechanisms of lexical acquisition that support language in typical development; however, 1 notable exception is the shape bias. The bases of these children's difficulties with the shape bias are not well understood, and the current study explored potential sources of individual differences from the perspectives of both attentional and conceptual accounts of the shape bias.

Method

Shape bias performance from the dataset of Potrzeba, Fein, and Naigles (2015) was analyzed, including 33 children with typical development
(M
= 20 months;
SD
= 1.6), 15 children with ASD with high verbal abilities (
M
= 33 months;
SD
= 4.6), and 14 children with ASD with low verbal abilities
(M
= 33 months;
SD
= 6.6). Lexical predictors (shape-side noun percentage from the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory; Fenson et al., 2007) and social-pragmatic predictors (joint attention duration during play sessions) were considered as predictors of subsequent shape bias performance.

Results
For children in the low verbal ASD group, initiation of joint attention (positively) and passive attention (negatively) predicted subsequent shape bias performance, controlling for initial language and developmental level. Proportion of child's known nouns with shape-defined properties correlated negatively with shape bias performance in the high verbal ASD group but did not reach significance in regression models.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that no single account sufficiently explains the observed individual differences in shape bias performance in children with ASD. Nonetheless, these findings break new ground in highlighting the role of social communicative interactions as integral to understanding specific language outcomes (i.e., the shape bias) in children with ASD, especially those with low verbal abilities, and point to new hypotheses concerning the linguistic content of these interactions.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7299581
SMARTer Approach to Personalizing Intervention for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Kasari Connie , Sturm Alexandra , Shih Wendy 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This review article introduces research methods for personalization of intervention. Our goals are to review evidence-based practices for improving social communication impairment in children with autism spectrum disorder generally and then how these practices can be systematized in ways that personalize intervention, especially for children who respond slowly to an initial evidence-based practice.

Method
The narrative reflects on the current status of modular and targeted interventions on social communication outcomes in the field of autism research. Questions are introduced regarding personalization of interventions that can be addressed through research methods. These research methods include adaptive treatment designs and the Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial. Examples of empirical studies using research designs are presented to answer questions of personalization.

Conclusion
Bridging the gap between research studies and clinical practice can be advanced by research that attempts to answer questions pertinent to the broad heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder, their response to interventions, and the fact that a single intervention is not effective for all children.

Presentation Video

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7298021
Imaging the disc rim and a moving close-in companion candidate in the pre-transitional disc of V1247 Orionis
Authors: Willson Matthew , Kraus Stefan , Kluska Jacques , Monnier John D. , Cure Michel , Sitko Mike , Aarnio Alicia , Ireland Michael J. , Rizzuto Aaron , Hone Edward , Kreplin Alexander , Andrews Sean , Calvet Nuria , Espaillat Catherine , Fukagawa Misato , Harries Tim J. , Hinkley Sasha , Kanaan Samer , Muto Takayuki , Wilner David J. 
Published: November 2018

Context.V1247 Orionis harbours a pre-transitional disc with a partially cleared gap. Earlier interferometric and polarimetric observations revealed strong asymmetries both in the gap region and in the outer disc. The presence of a companion was inferred to explain these asymmetric structures and the ongoing disc clearing.Aims.Using an extensive set of multi-wavelength and multi-epoch observations we aimed to identify the origin of the previously detected asymmetries.Methods.We have observed V1247 Ori at three epochs spanning ~678 days using sparse aperture masking interferometry with Keck/NIRC2 and VLT/NACO. In addition, we search for signs of accretion through VLT/SPHERE-ZIMPOL spectral differential imaging in Hα andR-band continuum. Our SMA sub-millimetre interferometry in 880μm continuum and in the CO(3-2) line allows us to constrain the orientation and direction of rotation of the outer disc.Results.We find theL′-band emission to be dominated by static features which trace forward-scattered dust emission from the inner edge of the outer disc located to the north-east. InH- andK-bands, we see evidence for a companion candidate that moved systematically by 45° within the first ~345 days. The separation of the companion candidate is not well constrained, but the observed position angle change is consistent with Keplerian motion of a body located on a 6 au orbit. From the SMA CO moment map, the location of the disc rim, and the detected orbital motion, we deduced the three-dimensional orientation of the disc. We see no indication of accretion in Hα and set upper limits for an accreting companion.Conclusions.The measured contrast of the companion candidate inHandKis consistent with an actively accreting protoplanet. Hence, we identify V1247 Ori as a unique laboratory for studying companion–disc interactions and disc clearing.
Artifact Properties of Dental Ceramic and Titanium Implants in MRI
Authors: Geibel Margit-Ann , Gelißen Benjamin , Bracher Anna-Katinka , Rasche Volker 
Published: November 2018

Aim Assessment of the visualization of titanium and ceramic dental implants using various isotropic three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods.
Materials and Methods 21 dental implants (7 ceramic, 14 titanium) were scanned in vitro with a spatially isotropically resolved three-dimensional gradient echo (FFE), a turbo spin echo (SE) and an ultra-short-echo time (UTE) imaging technique. The resulting absolute volumes of the implants were quantified and the relative error to the theoretical volume was calculated.
Results Ceramic implants and their periphery could be displayed well in all cases. The observed mean relative error results were 5.4 ± 2.3 % (UTE) to 6.5 ± 4.3 % (FFE). No significant difference was observed between the investigated MRI methods. The transition between implant and surrounding agarose could be shown in all cases without artifacts. Titanium implants resulted in mean relative errors between 1314 ± 350 % (FFE) and 2157 ± 810 % (SE). Here, significant differences were observed between the FFE and the SE and between the UTE and the SE sequence. The periphery of the implants could not be displayed in any case.
Conclusion Use of the MRI technique for the diagnosis of peri-implantitis, the assessment of anatomical structures and planning of dental implantation is currently very limited but could be used more frequently, provided there are no disturbing or imaging-disturbing materials in the region of interest. MRI technology is not suitable in case of titanium implants. When using ceramic implants, MRI technology is an option.
Key points
Citation Format
Synthesis of Poly(heteroarylenevinylene) Derivatives via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes
Authors: Schipper Derek , Selmani Serxho , Vanderzwet Luke , Kukor Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Organic electronics has developed into a significant field of research and industry in the last decade. The progress has been enabled by the many advancements made in synthetic technologies, which allow for the design of a plethora of interesting material candidates. Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives (PPVs) are a particularly interesting class of polymers that were among the first to garner attention. However, due to their demanding syntheses, limited scope, and relative intolerance to heterocycles, PPVs have fallen out of popularity. New synthetic methods, such as direct C–H bond activation, have emerged that allow for the creation of polyheteroaromatics through the use of simpler starting materials than those used in traditional cross-coupling strategies. Here, we report an extension of a hydroarylation reaction to the synthesis of poly(heteroarylenevinylene) derivatives (PHAVs) containing various desirable heterocycles with Mn
values ranging from 8 to 23 kDa without producing stoichiometric amounts of waste.
Infección Urinaria en Pacientes con Lesión Medular
Authors: Ospina-Galeano Irma , Duran Albert 
Published: November 2018

ResumenLa micción es un proceso complejo, que requiere la coordinación entre el sistema nervioso central y periférico. La alteración en ése, aumenta el riesgo para que se produzcan infecciones complicadas y a largo plazo, daño renal. La alteración en el vaciado de la vejiga, obliga a que muchos de esos pacientes, realicen cateterismos intermitentes o sonda vesical permanente, aumentando el riesgo de infecciones polimicrobianas o por gérmenes multiresistentes. Algunos factores implicados en el desarrollo de las infecciones de esos pacientes, son el residuo postmiccional elevado, estasis urinario, litiasis vesical, uso de catéteres, además de las alteraciones en el sistema inmune y las capas de recubrimiento en la mucosa vesical. El diagnóstico de infección se realiza al encontrar: piuria y bacteriuria, según método de vaciado vesical, y un síntoma general que sugiera infección. Conclusión: Las infecciones urinarias en pacientes con lesión medular, deben ser tratadas de acuerdo a sensibilidades de la zona, siempre con la toma previa de un urocultivo y con un diagnóstico adecuado de infección urinaria, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes maniobras de evacuación de la vejiga. No están recomendados los tratamientos cortos ni el tratamiento de las bacteriurias asintomáticas. Una de las formas de prevenir las infecciones, está en evitar situaciones de riesgo como el estasis vesical, las presiones intravesicales elevadas y los vaciamientos incompletos. En la actualidad existen múltiples medicamentos para prevenir las infecciones urinarias, pero faltan estudios con evidencia de más peso y en pacientes con lesión medular, para que puedan ser recomendados.
Psychological Well-Being of Carers of Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Comparison with Carers of Children without a Chronic Condition
Authors: Thomson Francesca , Bergman Philip , Hay Margaret 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Context Caring for a child with a chronic illness requires additional responsibilities and burdens.
Aims This research examined psychological well-being of carers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A comparison group of carers of children without a chronic condition was included to determine the specific influence T1DM has on carer well-being.
Methods This cross-sectional correlational study included a sample of 93 carers of children with T1DM, and 84 comparison carers. Participants were administered the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS21), and the Parenting Stress Index Short Form 4th edition via an online questionnaire.
Results Multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences between carer groups; additional univariate analyses, however, indicated that carers of children with T1DM scored significantly higher on depression and stress subscales on the DASS21, and recorded elevated anxiety scores.
Conclusions Carers of children with T1DM appear to manage parenting stress; however, they may be at increased risk of depression, general stress, and anxiety.
Sinonasal Quality of Life Outcomes After Extended Endonasal Approaches to the Skull Base
Authors: Choi Kevin J. , Ackall Feras Y. , Truong Tracy , Cheng Tracy Z. , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Zomorodi Ali R. , Codd Patrick J. , Fecci Peter E. , Hachem Ralph Abi , Jang David W. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (EESBS) leads to significant alterations in sinonasal anatomy and physiology. However, there is limited data available on quality of life (QOL) outcomes following EESBS.
Methods A retrospective review of patients undergoing EESBS from January 2014 to April 2017 was performed. Records were reviewed for clinical history, operative details, and 22-item Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22) scores. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were utilized to compare change in SNOT-22 scores from baseline in patients who underwent a simple sella approach (SA) or an extended beyond sella approach (BSA).
Results A total of 108 patients were in the SA group, while 61 patients were in the BSA group. SNOT-22 scores were available at baseline and 3 months for 84 patients, while 6-month scores were available for 49 patients. SNOT-22 scores for all patients were not significantly different at 3 months (p = 0.40) or at 6 months (p = 0.58). Unadjusted linear regression model did not show an association between the type of approach and change in SNOT-22 score at 3 months (p = 0.07) and 6 months (p = 0.28). Adjusted regression model showed a significant decrease in SNOT-22 scores at 3 months (p = 0.04) for the BSA group, but there was no significant change in SNOT-22 score at 6 months (p = 0.22).
Conclusion Patients undergoing EESBS had no significant change in outcomes at 3 and 6 months. A more extensive BSA was not associated with worse QOL outcomes as measured by SNOT-22.
Ant–plant interactions evolved through increasing interdependence
Authors: Nelsen Matthew P. , Ree Richard H. , Moreau Corrie S. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceFlowering plants are thought to have facilitated ant diversification by providing novel sources of food and habitat, and ants to have facilitated plant diversification by providing defense and dispersal. We test these hypotheses by inferring when and how interactions between ants and plants evolved, and examine their macroevolutionary consequences in ants. Although plants with ant-associated traits have been shown to have higher diversification rates, here we demonstrate that living and feeding on plants does not affect ant diversification. Ants used plants as food and nesting sources substantially before the evolution of ant-associated structures. Arboreal foraging preceded use of plant-derived food sources. Arboreal nesting then largely evolved from arboreally foraging ancestors. Finally, omnivory served as an evolutionary link between predation and herbivory.
Subspecialization within default mode nodes characterized in 10,000 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Kernbach Julius M. , Yeo B. T. Thomas , Smallwood Jonathan , Margulies Daniel S. , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Walter Henrik , Sabuncu Mert R. , Holmes Avram J. , Gramfort Alexandre , Varoquaux Gaël , Thirion Bertrand , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceThe default mode network (DMN) encompasses supramodal association areas involved in higher-order cognition. One speculation is that this neural system is important for brain-wide information flow. We tested this account by exploring whether DMN patterns are informative about functional coupling or structural associations in the rest of the brain. Our multimodal pattern analysis findings highlight how the DMN nodes are fractionated: In specific subnodes, gray-matter morphology was linked to fiber tracts from the hippocampus in the medial temporal limbic system. In adjacent subnodes, fluctuations in neural activity were linked to between-network connectivity shifts. Such a mosaic architecture may be a prerequisite for many of the roles the DMN may play in advanced cognitive processes.
Biomechanics of a moth scale at ultrasonic frequencies
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Neil Thomas R. , Robert Daniel , Drinkwater Bruce W. , Holderied Marc W. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Ultrathin sound absorbers offer lightweight solutions from building acoustics to sonar cloaking. The scales on moth wings have evolved to reduce the echo returning to bats, and we investigate their resonant sound-absorber functionality. Resonant absorbers are most efficient at resonance, and laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) revealed that an individual moth scale’s three resonance modes indeed span the biosonar frequencies of bats. The porous anisotropic nanostructure of such scales was parameterized and its effective stiffness properties calculated. Modal analysis on a 3D model accurately predicts resonance modes and frequencies found by LDV, and confirms absorption performance-matching measurements. Our ability to model the absorbers contributing to evolved biosonar camouflage has implications for developing bioinspired thin and lightweight resonant sound absorbers.
Roles of mucus adhesion and cohesion in cough clearance
Authors: Button Brian , Goodell Henry P. , Atieh Eyad , Chen Yu-Cheng , Williams Robert , Shenoy Siddharth , Lackey Elijah , Shenkute Nathan T. , Cai Li-Heng , Dennis Robert G. , Boucher Richard C. , Rubinstein Michael 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceMucoobstructive lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis, are characterized by intrapulmonary accumulations of hyperconcentrated mucus. Ultimately, mucus accumulation in disease reflects the failure of the major rescue mucus clearance pathway, i.e., cough. Studies were performed to understand how abnormal mucus and its interactions with the cell surface produce a failure of cough clearance. These studies identified mucus concentration-dependent cohesive and adhesive properties, governed by mucus viscous energy dissipation, as rate limiting for the efficiency of cough clearance. Parallel studies designed to restore mucus cough clearability identified reduction of mucus concentration (rehydration) and use of mucolytics as additive and promising therapeutic strategies.
OsDRE2 contributes to chitin-triggered response through its interaction with OsRLCK185
Authors: Yamaguchi Koji , Yoshimura Yuya , Nakagawa Shinya , Mezaki Hirokazu , Yoshimura Satomi , Kawasaki Tsutomu 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 185 (OsRLCK185) interacts with the chitin receptor complex OsCERK1/CEBiP and positively regulates chitin-induced immune responses including MAP kinase activation, ROS production and defense gene expression. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of OsRLCK185-mediated immunity, we searched for interactors of OsRLCK185. OsDRE2a, rice homologs of the yeast Dre2 protein, were identified as novel interactors of OsRLCK185. OsDRE2a interacted with OsRLCK185 at plasma membrane. The conserved cysteine residues in CIAPIN1 domain of OsDRE2a were essential for tight interaction of OsRLCK185. OsDRE2a was phosphorylated by OsRLCK185. The expression of OsDRE2a and OsDRE2b was induced after chitin treatment. Reduction of OsDRE2a and OsDRE2b mRNA levels by RNA interference resulted in the decreased chitin-induced ROS production. Thus, it is likely that OsDRE2 regulates OsRLCK185-mediated immune responses.