bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural on Nickel Nitride/Carbon Nanosheets: Reaction Pathway Determined by In Situ Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Nana , Zou Yuqin , Tao Li , Chen Wei , Zhou Ling , Liu Zhijuan , Zhou Bo , Huang Gen , Lin Hongzhen , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract2,5‐Furandicarboxylic acid was obtained from the electrooxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with non‐noble metal‐based catalysts. Moreover, combining the biomass oxidation with the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) increased the energy conversion efficiency of an electrolyzer and also generated value‐added products at both electrodes. Here, the reaction pathway on the surface of a carbon‐coupled nickel nitride nanosheet (Ni3N@C) electrode was evaluated by surface‐selective vibrational spectroscopy using sum frequency generation (SFG) during the electrochemical oxidation. The Ni3N@C electrode shows catalytic activities for HMF oxidation and the HER. As the first in situ SFG study on transition‐metal nitride for the electrooxidation upgrade of HMF, this work not only demonstrates that the reaction pathway of electrochemical oxidation but also provides an opportunity for nonprecious metal nitrides to simultaneously upgrade biomass and produce H2 under ambient conditions.
Influence of additives, particle size, and incorporation of coarse particles on the shear rheology of concentrated Indian coal ash slurries
Authors: Prasad Vighnesh , Mehrotra Surya Pratap , Thareja Prachi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study is to first obtain stable coal ash slurries using additives and understand their flow behaviour as a function of the size of coal ash particles and incorporation of coarse coal ash particles. The combination of 0.1 wt% cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and 0.1 wt% sodium salicylate (NaSal) salt is used to stabilize the coal ash slurries with 60 wt% coal ash loading. The range of shear rate (
) of 10–500 s−1 is determined to be free from the artefacts of slip and Taylor vortices and, hence, found to be reliable for rheological measurements. The slurries show predominantly shear thinning flow behaviour irrespective of the size of coal ash particles. We also show that the viscosity of the slurries increases monotonically with the decrease in the size of coal ash particles. The incorporation of coarse coal ash particles results in a decrease in the viscosity until a critical coarse particle concentration of 30 wt% is reached, beyond which no significant change in viscosity is observed.
Crack growth resistance of natural rubber reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhan Yanhu , Yan Ning , Fei Guoxia , Xia Hesheng , Meng Yanyan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs)/natural rubber (NR) composites are prepared through ultrasonically assisted latex mixing combined with a two‐roll mixing process, and their crack growth behavior is examined to evaluate their fatigue properties. CNTs/NR shows a reinforcement of crack growth resistance compared to unfilled NR. The measurements of the tearing energy and the hysteresis loss show that CNTs/NR exhibits more energy dissipation than NR. Also, strain‐induced crystallization (SIC) around the crack tip of CNTs/NR and NR composite was examined at different fatigue strains. CNTs positioned at the crack tip led to a crack branching at low fatigue strain, which is responsible for the improvement of the crack growth resistance of CNTs/NR. However, the inclusion of CNTs renders NR higher crystallinity and larger crystallization zones in front of the crack tip at high fatigue strains, which allows more energy dissipation during crack growth. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48447.
Fault estimation for aero‐engine LPV systems based on LFT
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Min , Ma Yanhua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a fault estimator with linear fractional transformation (LFT) parameter dependency is designed for the linear parameter‐varying (LPV) system of the aero‐engine with both sensor and actuator faults under disturbances. After an aero‐engine affine parameter‐dependent LPV model is derived by the linear fitting method and matrix pseudo‐inverse method, the LPV model with disturbances and fault signals is transformed into a LFT structure. Based on the full block S‐procedure, the sufficient condition for the existence of the fault estimator is proposed, which can lead to less conservative results. Then the fault estimator design algorithm which can adjust to the current system dynamic adaptively is presented. Finally, a fault estimator is designed for a turbofan aero‐engine under multiple types of faults and disturbances to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Project BMK10k: Zeiss Ballistische Messkammer with a 10k × 10k CCD for ground‐based PLATO support
Authors: Strassmeier Klaus G. , Granzer Thomas , Weingrill Jörg , Woche Manfred , Bittner Wilbert , Bauer Svend‐Marian , Paschke Jens , Chini Rolf 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBallistische Messkammer with 10k CCD's (BMK10k) central goal is supporting the upcoming PLAnetary Transits and Oscillation of stars (PLATO) mission by reducing its number of false positives (planet‐compatible transit candidates but not planets at the end). For Kepler, the number of false positives had been estimated to still be about 10%. Understanding the PLATO false alarm rate is not as straightforward, and preparatory data from the ground will dramatically improve the target selection and minimize the number of false positives. We aim to identify the target contamination for every PLATO target and initially provide well‐sampled light curves of all detectable contaminants in the long‐duration southern PLATO field. Thereby, it will be possible to identify background eclipsing binaries and rotating spotted stars with periods between 1 hr and 100 days down to 17–18th mag. This will be achieved with a dedicated robotic telescope with one of the world's largest CCDs with the smallest pixels, enabling a field of view of 52.5 square degrees with a sampling of 2.5″/pix. Auxiliary science is also foreseen and will focus on the period–mass relation of Ptolemy's cluster (M7). In this paper, we describe the entire telescope system and show initial commissioning data.
Evaluating the sustainability of indirect potable reuse and direct potable reuse: a southern Nevada case study
Authors: Dow Cory , Ahmad Sajjad , Stave Krystyna , Gerrity Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis case study presents a framework for evaluating the sustainability of indirect potable reuse (IPR) and direct potable reuse (DPR) in Las Vegas, Nevada. A system dynamics model was developed to simulate population growth, water supply, water quality, energy costs, net present worth (NPW), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The model confirmed that DPR could achieve a net reduction in energy costs of up to US$250 million while still ensuring an adequate water supply. However, the high NPW of DPR ($1.0–$4.0 billion) relative to the status quo IPR approach ($0.6 billion) represents a significant economic hurdle, although future monetization of salt loadings and GHGs could reduce that disparity. DPR with ozone‐biofiltration would also be hindered by an estimated concentration of total dissolved solids of up to 1,300 mg/L. Despite these barriers to implementation in Las Vegas, certain site‐specific conditions may make DPR more attractive in other locations.
Development of a rapid and improved two‐dimensional electrophoresis method for the separation of protein lysate
Authors: Kwan Soon Hong , Ismail Mohd Nazri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearchers frequently use two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D‐PAGE) prior to mass spectrometric analysis in a proteomics approach. The i2D‐PAGE method, which ‘inverts’ the dimension of protein separation of the conventional 2D‐PAGE, is presented in this publication. Protein lysate of Channa striata, a freshwater snakehead fish, was separated based on its molecular weight in the first dimension and its isoelectric point in the second dimension. The first‐dimension separation was conducted on a gel‐free separation device, and the protein mixture was fractionated into 12 fractions in chronological order of increasing molecular weight. The second‐dimension separation featured isoelectric focusing, which further separated the proteins within the same fraction according to their respective isoelectric point. Advantages of i2D‐PAGE include better visualisation of the isolated protein, easy identification on protein isoforms, shorter running time, customisability and reproducibility. Erythropoietin standard was applied to i2D‐PAGE to show its effectiveness for separating protein isoforms. Various staining methods such as Coomassie blue staining and silver staining are also applicable to i2D‐PAGE. Overall, the i2D‐PAGE separation method effectively separates protein lysate and is suitable for application in proteomics research.
Cellular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics mechanisms of ginkgo diterpene lactone and its modulation of P‐glycoprotein expression in human SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Liu Jing‐ying , Geng Ting , Duan Kun , Gao Xia , Huang Chao‐jie , Wang Jia‐jia , Huang Wen‐zhe , Huang Lou‐sheng , Wang Zhen‐zhong , Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGinkgo diterpene lactone (GDL) is the raw material for ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection, which is used for treating cerebral ischemia. The aims of this study were to explore the cellular pharmacokinetics of GDL in whole cells and subcellular fractions, and detect cellular pharmacodynamics on the human SH‐SY5Y cells induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Firstly, a simple, sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for assessing the amount of ginkgolide A (GA), B (GB) and K (GK) in cellular/subcellular samples. Then, phosphatidylserine and mitochondria membrane potential were assayed to evaluate the extent of apoptosis effect. The study showed that the cellular/subcellular accumulation of GA and GB were increased in a concentration‐dependent manner; the levels of GA and GB in cytosol were the highest among these subcellular organelles. Meanwhile, GDL also attenuated the OGD/R‐induced increases in the percentage of apoptotic and mitochondria membrane potential. In addition, verapamil increased the rate and amount of GA and GB entering cellular/subcellular compartments through inhibition of P‐glycoprotein activity, and promoted the protective effect of GDL. The present study reports the cellular pharmacokinetics profiles of GA and GB in normal and OGD/R‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells in vitro for the first time, which provided valuable information for clinical safety application.
GeoGebra as a spatial skills training tool among science, technology engineering and mathematics students
Authors: Tomić Maja K. , Aberšek Boris , Pesek Igor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpatial abilities, which are described by Linn and Petersen as “skills in representing, transforming, generating, and recalling symbolic, nonlinguistic information” are, as such, not trained or taught in schools. Nevertheless, the importance of highly developed abilities for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students has been scientifically proven, which implies that spatial abilities can have a significant impact on success in studying STEM subjects and, later, STEM careers. The developed experimental program employing GeoGebra 5 ran for 4 weeks and was conducted at the Faculty of Science and Education in Mostar. The sample consisted of first‐year students, aged 18 to 20, with 35 male and 17 female students in the experimental and 33 male and 19 female students in the control group (CG). A spatial test was administered before the program and once again at the end, along with one more spatial test and a questionnaire, which consisted of possible highly developed spatial abilities predictors. The differences between the control and the experimental group (EG) at initial testing of spatial abilities were not statistically significant regarding any subsample. No significant correlations between the questionnaire and the initial spatial test were found. The correlation between average grade in mathematics in high school and the scores on the initial spatial test was not significant. Results showed that a statistically significant jump in performance on the posttest regarding the EG has occurred, whereas no statistically significant changes in performance have been noted regarding the CG.
Primary coronary artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Fujiyoshi Toshiki , Kano Masaki , Ogino Hitoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRare primary coronary artery pseudoaneurysms in a young patient with heterozygous FH was successfully repaired with direct closure of intimal defects with aneurysmorrhaphy.
Strategic Stereoselective Halogen (F, Cl) Insertion: A Tool to Enhance Supramolecular Properties in Polyols
Authors: Sperandio Céline , Quintard Guilhem , Naubron Jean‐Valere , Giorgi Michel , Yemloul Mehdi , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Rodriguez Jean , Quintard Adrien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo improve the supramolecular properties of organic compounds, chemists continuously need to identify new tools. Herein, the influence of the stereoselective insertion of halogen atoms (F or Cl) on different supramolecular properties is analyzed. Inserting anti‐halohydrins in polyols considerably strengthens the H‐bonding networks and other supramolecular interactions. This behavior resulted in improved anion binding, H‐bonding catalysis, or organogel properties of the designed polyols with strong perspectives for applications in other classes of substrates.
Guanine Substitutions Prevent Conformational Switch from Antiparallel to Parallel G‐Quadruplex
Authors: Bednářová Klára , Kejnovská Iva , Vorlíčková Michaela , Renčiuk Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGuanine quadruplexes, recently reported to form in vivo, represent a broad spectrum of non‐canonical conformations of nucleic acids. The actual conformation might differ between water solutions and crowding or dehydrating solutions that better reflect the conditions in the cell. Here we show, using spectroscopic techniques, that most guanine substitutions prevent the conformational switch from antiparallel or hybrid forms to parallel ones when induced by dehydrating agents. The inhibitory effect does not depend on the position of the substitution, but, interestingly, on the type of substitution and, to some extent, on its destabilising potential. A parallel form might be induced in some cases by ligands such as N‐methyl mesoporphyrin IX and even this ligand‐induced switch is inhibited by guanine substitution. The ability or inability to have a conformation switch, based on actual conditions, might significantly influence potential conformation‐dependent quadruplex interactions.
Conformational, configurational, and supramolecular studies of podocephalol acetate from Lasianthaea aurea
Authors: Rodríguez‐García Gabriela , Villagómez‐Guzmán Ana K. , Talavera‐Alemán Armando , Cruz‐Corona Rosalba , Gómez‐Hurtado Mario A. , Cerda‐García‐Rojas Carlos M. , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro , del Río Rosa E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough podocephalol (1) and its derived acetate 2 were found in Lasianthaea podocephala four decades ago, and 1 was later detected in the essential oils of several vegetal species, its absolute configuration (AC) and conformational preferences remained to be established. The structures of ar‐himachalene 1, now isolated from Lasianthaea aurea, and its derived acetate 2, were herein confirmed by extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, while the conformational preferences of the cycloheptene was established by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which in combination with vibrational circular dichroism measurements provided the (R) absolute configuration of the molecules. The structure and AC were further verified through the Flack and Hooft parameters calculations derived from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data of 2. In addition, careful evaluation of the crystal data allowed observing supramolecular layers cell package, an uncommon property in natural terpenes that might have potential applications. A transmission electron microscopy analysis of crystal of 2 was also possible, providing its physical characteristics at the micrometric scale.
Mapping the kinetochore MAP functions required for stabilizing microtubule attachments to chromosomes during metaphase
Authors: Amin Mohammed A. , Agarwal Shivangi , Varma Dileep 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn mitosis, faithful chromosome segregation is orchestrated by the dynamic interactions between the spindle microtubules (MTs) emanating from the opposite poles and the kinetochores of the chromosomes. However, the precise mechanism that coordinates the coupling of the kinetochore components to dynamic MTs has been a long‐standing question. Microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) regulate MT nucleation and dynamics, MT‐mediated transport and MT cross‐linking in cells. During mitosis, MAPs play an essential role not only in determining spindle length, position, and orientation but also in facilitating robust kinetochore‐microtubule (kMT) attachments by linking the kinetochores to spindle MTs efficiently. The stability of MTs imparted by the MAPs is critical to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. This review primarily focuses on the specific function of nonmotor kinetochore MAPs, their recruitment to kinetochores and their MT‐binding properties. We also attempt to synthesize and strengthen our understanding of how these MAPs work in coordination with the kinetochore‐bound Ndc80 complex (the key component at the MT‐binding interface in metaphase and anaphase) to establish stable kMT attachments and control accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Development of Biarylalkyl Carboxylic Acid Amides with Improved Anti‐schistosomal Activity
Authors: Peter Ventura Alejandra M. , Haeberlein Simone , Lange‐Grünweller Kerstin , Grünweller Arnold , Hartmann Roland K. , Grevelding Christoph G. , Schlitzer Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe parasitic disease schistosomiasis is the cause of more than 200 000 human deaths per year. Although the disease is treatable, there is one major shortcoming: praziquantel has been the only drug used to combat these parasites since 1977. The risk of the emergence of resistant schistosomes is known to be increasing, as a reduced sensitivity of these parasites toward praziquantel has been observed. We developed a new class of substances, which are derived from inhibitors of human aldose reductase, and which showed promising activity against Schistosoma mansoni couples in vitro. Further optimisation of the compounds led to an increase in anti‐schistosomal activity with observed phenotypes such as reduced egg production, vitality, and motility as well as tegumental damage and gut dilatation. Here, we performed structure–activity relationship studies on the carboxylic acid moiety of biarylalkyl carboxylic acids. Out of 82 carboxylic acid amides, we identified 10 compounds that are active against S. mansoni at 25 μm. The best five compounds showed an anti‐schistosomal activity up to 10 μm and induced severe phenotypes. Cytotoxicity tests in human cell lines showed that two derivatives had no cytotoxicity at 50 or 100 μm. These compounds are promising candidates for further optimisation toward the new anti‐schistosomal agents.
Neuregulin and ErbB expression is regulated by development and sensory experience in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Grieco Steven F. , Wang Gina , Mahapatra Ananya , Lai Cary , Holmes Todd C. , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuregulins (NRGs) are protein ligands that impact neural development and circuit function. NRGs signal through the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family. NRG1/ErbB4 signaling in parvalbumin‐expressing (PV) inhibitory interneurons is critical for visual cortical plasticity. There are multiple types of NRGs and ErbBs that can potentially contribute to visual cortical plasticity at different developmental stages. Thus, it is important to understand the normal developmental expression profiles of NRGs and ErbBs in specific neuron types in the visual cortex, and to study whether and how their expression changes in PV inhibitory neurons and excitatory neurons track with sensory perturbation. Cell type‐specific translating ribosome affinity purification and qPCR was used to compare mRNA expression of nrg1,2,3,4 and erbB1,2,3,4 in PV and excitatory neurons in mouse visual cortex. We show that the expression of nrg1 and nrg3 decreases in PV neurons at the critical period peak, postnatal day 28 (P28) after monocular deprivation and dark rearing, and in the adult cortex (at P104) after 2‐week long dark exposure. In contrast, nrg1 expression by excitatory neurons is unchanged at P28 and P104 following sensory deprivation, whereas nrg3 expression by excitatory neurons shows changes depending on the age and the mode of sensory deprivation. ErbB4 expression in PV neurons remains consistently high and does not appear to change in response to sensory deprivation. These data provide new important details of cell type‐specific NRG/ErbB expression in the visual cortex and support that NRG1/ErbB4 signaling is implicated in both critical period and adult visual cortical plasticity.
Addressing Charge‐Transfer and Locally‐Excited States in a Twisted Biphenyl Push‐Pull Chromophore
Authors: Campioli Elisa , Sanyal Somananda , Marcelli Agnese , Di Donato Mariangela , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Mongin Olivier , Painelli Anna , Terenziani Francesca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe present the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a twisted push–pull biphenyl molecule undergoing photoinduced electron transfer. Steady‐state and transient absorption spectra suggest, in this rigid molecular structure, a subtle interplay between locally‐excited and charge‐transfer states, whose equilibrium and dynamics is only driven by solvation. A theoretical model is presented for the solvation dynamics and, with the support of quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrate the existence of two sets of states, having either local or charge‐transfer character, that only “communicate” thanks to solvation, which is the sole driving force for the charge‐separation process.