bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Names and Their Doubles: Shifting Signifiers in Pinter's Plays
Authors: Bailar Melissa Ann 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Several of Pinter's plays incorporate multiple names for a single character, a single name for multiple characters, or names that appear across disparate works. These multiplying and collapsing signifiers recall repressed past identities and contribute to the uncanny sense of Pinter's plays. The Room erodes Rose's integrity through challenges to the names she calls her husband, the landlord, and even herself, while in The Lover the ominous splitting and reunification of the husband and his alter ego invoke the Freudian doppelganger. The boy Nicky, at first a victim, also threatens to become a double of the torturer Nicolas in One for the Road. When name repetition occurs across multiple plays, the signifiers carry their previous malice, becoming hysterical symptoms of a repressed trauma. Pinter implicates the reader or viewer's familiarity with his works to extend the uncanniness of his oeuvre beyond the confines of the page, stage, and diegetic realm.
n. 14 - POLÍTICA DE FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE DA SEDUC/AM: OFERTA E ACESSO DOS PROFESSORES AOS CURSOS DE 40 HORAS
Authors: De Souza Elisabeth Gonçalves , Vinente Santarém Estrela Dinamar , Quiossa Amanda Sangy 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo era investigar os fatores que dificultaram o acesso dos professores de municípios do interior do estado do Amazonas aos cursos de 40 horas oferecidos como parte das políticas públicas de formação docente da Secretaria de Educação do Amazonas. Nos baseamos em Nóvoa (2009), Tardif (2010), Pimenta (1999), Saviani (1996), Imbernón (2009) e Romanowski (2007). Utilizamos como metodologia o estudo de caso. O estudo evidencia a necessidade de implementação de ações que garantam o acesso dos professores aos cursos de formação continuada.Palavras-Chave: Políticas públicas - Formação Continuada – Previsão e oferta de cursos
Prises de vue clandestines comme exercice du (contre)pouvoir de l’art : Trevor Paglen et Mohamed Bourouissa reprennent le contrôle du visible
Authors: Gattinger Katrin 
Published: May 2019

L’article soulève le potentiel subversif de démarches artistiques contemporaines qui se positionnent face à la domination du regard et de la production d’images en visant des territoires invisibles, inaccessibles ou interdits. À travers les analyses de deux projets artistiques réalisés illégalement en prison — Temps mort de Mohamed Bourouissa et Recording Carceral Landscapes de Trevor Paglen — et de plusieurs séries photographiques de Trevor Paglen investiguant sur des secrets de l’armée américaine ou sur les câbles Internet transatlantiques, l’auteure présente les modes opératoires et les enjeux de telles représentations « volées ». Aux yeux de l’auteure, si ces oeuvres dévoilent des vues inédites, elles le font pour inviter à penser différemment le réel et exemplifier des possibilités de résistance menées de l’intérieur de la société du contrôle.
La réception d’un rêve. David Hackett Fischer au Québec et dans les francophonies nord-américaines*
Authors: Pâquet1 Martin 
Published: May 2019

Publié aux éditions du Boréal, Le Rêve de Champlain de David Hackett Fischer est considéré comme un best-seller dans le marché du livre en français au Québec et en Amérique du Nord francophone. Selon l’éditeur, plus de 20 000 exemplaires de cette biographie historique auraient été vendus. Dans le cadre du marché du livre de langue française, comment un tel succès d’édition a-t-il pu se produire ? Deux dimensions en font un best-seller historique. La première est celle de l’oeuvre elle-même, une oeuvre qui, par la mobilisation des ressources de l’auteur et de l’éditeur, constitue un dispositif efficace. La seconde dimension relève du contexte de réception du livre, un contexte qui renvoie à l’écosystème du livre – son économie du tirage et ses milieux de lecture –, aux étapes de sa diffusion et aux enjeux mémoriels et politiques des sociétés francophones d’Amérique du Nord.
Automated language essay scoring systems: A literature review
Authors: Hussein Mohamed Abdellatif , Hassan Hesham Ahmed , Nassef Mohamed 
Published: May 2019

Background. Writing composition is a significant factor for measuring test-takers’ ability in any language exam. However, the assessment (scoring) of these writing compositions or essays is a very challenging process in terms of reliability and time. The need for objective and quick scores has raised the need for a computer system that can automatically grade essay questions targeting specific prompt. Automated Essay Scoring (AES) systems are used to overcome the challenges of scoring writing tasks by using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature for the AES systems used for grading the essay questions.
Methodology. We have reviewed the existing literature using Google Scholar, EBSCO and ERIC to search the terms “AES”, “Automated Essay Scoring”, “Automated Essay Grading”, or “Automatic Essay”, and two categories have been identified: handcrafted features and automatic featuring AES systems. The systems of the first category are closely bonded to the quality of the designed features. On the other hand, the systems of the other category are based on the automatic learning of the features and relations between an essay and its score without any handcrafted features. We reviewed the systems of the two categories in terms of system primary focus, technique(s) used in the system, training data (y/n), instructional application (feedback system), and the correlation between e-scores and human scores. The paper is composed of three main sections. Firstly, we present a structured literature review of the available Handcrafted Features AES systems. Secondly, we present a structured literature review of the available Automatic Featuring AES systems. Finally, we draw a set of discussions and conclusions.
Results. AES models have been found to utilize a broad range of manually-tuned shallow and deep linguistic features. AES systems have many strengths in reducing labour-intensive marking activities, ensuring a consistent application of marking criteria, and facilitating equity in scoring. Although many techniques have been implemented to improve the AES systems, three primary challenges have been concluded: they lack the sense of the rater as a person, they can be tricked into assigning a lower or higher score to an essay than it deserved or not, and they cannot assess the creativity of the ideas and propositions and evaluating their practicality. Many techniques have been used to address the first two challenges only.
A Comparative Study on the Effectiveness of Coating and Dusting Technologies on Fortification of Acha (Digitaria exilis) Grains
Authors: Chika Chinedu Ann , Sunday E. Atawodi , Charles Umeh Chisom , Chechet Kahu Jerry 
Published: May 2019

Background: Reports have shown that consumption of acha (Digitaria exilis) is beneficial to both diabetic and hypertensive patients considering its low glycaemic index, if fortified could assist to improve health and in combating hidden hunger.
Aims: This work was aimed at establishing the technology of fortifying acha (Digitaria exilis) grains with vitamin A, Iron, copper and zinc by comparing the effectiveness of coating and dusting technologies and analysing the vitamin A, iron, zinc and copper levels of acha grains fortified by both methods.
Methodology: Vitamin A was quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method, while iron, zinc and copper were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method.
Results: Vitamin A was undetected in unfortified grain, but present at 29,904.18 IU/kg and 29,657.66 IU/kg in coated and dusted grains respectively. The iron content(58 mg/kg) in unfortified grain increased by 22% and 15% for coated and dusted respectively, Copper increased by 25% and 14% and Zinc by 32% and 45% with coating and dusting respectively.
Conclusion: This study suggests that coating is a more promising technology for fortifying acha grains with Vitamin A, iron and copper, which will assist in delivering these critical micronutrients in the vulnerable population and also be used as a strategy for dietary improvement.
Accessing Barriers and Determinants of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) of Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) Services at Public Teaching Hospitals in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Kate Umeobieri Ancilla , Chikee Aniwada Elias , Ikechukwu Obi Emmanuel , Chuka Agunwa 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The most effective means of reducing Mother-to-Child transmission of HIV is to provide suppressive HAART. Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) directly affects the achievement of Sustainable Development goals just. The unmet need for PMTCT services in Nigeria, particularly in Enugu state, is unacceptably high. This study aimed to assess factors associated with access barriers and determinants to PMTCT services in public health facilities in Enugu, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: The study design was a facility-based analytical cross-sectional study. HIV positive nursing mothers who were accessing PMTCT services were studied. Questionnaire was used. Chi-square test and Binary logistic regression was done to for determinants of experience of any access barrier. Level of significance was determined at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 2275 participants were reported on. A higher proportion of participants were in 30-34 years age group 124 (45.1%), attained secondary education 144(52.4%) and provided for by their husbands 174(63.3%) The major barriers identified were; long waiting time at the facility 184(66.9%), distance of facility 161(58.5%), PMTCT being far away from other units/departments 155(56.4%), Health workers talking to the clients with no respect 151(54.9%), Stigma and discrimination from friends/neighbours 163(59.3%) and from health workers 123(44.7%) as well as being too busy with household chores 130(47.3%). There were statistically significant association between experience of barriers with age in categories (χ2=11.741, p =0.008), religion (χ2=5.381, p =0.020), source of income (χ2= 8.817, p=0.032) and ethnicity (χ2=9.240, p=0.026).
Conclusion: Over ninety percent of respondents experienced a form of barrier. The major barriers include; long waiting time, distance to facility, location of PMTCT units, Health workers attitude, Stigma and discrimination from health workers as well as being too busy with household chores. There was no identified predictor of access barrier.
Statistical Software
Authors: Schissler Alfred G. , Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Tin , Petereit Juli , Gardeux Vincent 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article discusses selected statistical software, aiming to help readers find the right tool for their needs. We categorize software into three classes:Statistical Packages, Analysis Packages with Statistical Libraries, and General Programming Languages with Statistical Libraries. Statistical and analysis packages often provide interactive, easy‐to‐use workflows while general programming languages are built for speed and optimization. We emphasize each software's defining characteristics and discuss trends in popularity. The concluding sections muse on the future of statistical software including the impact of Big Data and the advantages of open‐source languages.
Magnetization Configurations and Reversal in Small Magnetic Elements
Authors: Reeve Robert M. , Vafaee Mehran , Kläui Mathias 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, we present an overview of various static magnetization configurations and their dynamic reversal modes for elements of typical sizes from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. Initially, commonly employed techniques for the magnetic imaging and characterization of such systems are briefly reviewed. We then concisely outline the basic theoretical details of micromagnetism and in particular the main energy terms that determine the formation and dynamics of different states. To describe the simplest case of a single‐domain system, we present Stoner–Wohlfarth theory and compare its predictions to experimental studies. For larger elements, we discuss the formation of nonuniform and multidomain states, based on a fine balance of the aforementioned energy terms. In particular, for the most widely studied high‐symmetry geometries, the interplay between these energy terms and the element shape for the formation of the prevalent states is discussed. Next, the dynamic reversal of the elements is presented, beginning with the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation that governs uniform dynamics of single‐domain systems. Further reversal modes including curling, buckling, and domain wall motion are presented for nonuniform states, by a number of case studies. The work is primarily motivated from a fundamental standpoint, but links to potential device applications are highlighted throughout.
A Microfluidic Human Model of Blood–Brain Barrier Employing Primary Human Astrocytes
Authors: Lauranzano Eliana , Campo Elena , Rasile Marco , Molteni Raffaella , Pizzocri Marco , Passoni Lorena , Bello Lorenzo , Pozzi Davide , Pardi Ruggero , Matteoli Michela , Ruiz‐Moreno Ana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe neurovascular unit (NVU) is the most important biological barrier between vascular districts and central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma, which maintains brain homeostasis, protects the CNS from pathogens penetration, and mediates neuroimmune communication. T lymphocytes migration across the blood–brain barrier is heavily affected in different brain diseases, representing a major target for novel drug development. In vitro models of NVU could represent a primary tool to investigate the molecular events occurring at this interface. To move toward the establishment of personalized therapies, a patient‐related NVU‐model is set, incorporating human primary astrocytes integrated into a microfluidic platform. The model is morphologically and functionally characterized, proving to be an advantageous tool to investigate human T lymphocytes transmigration and thus the efficacy of potential novel drugs affecting this process.
Metallo‐Hydrogel‐Assisted Synthesis and Direct Writing of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Zang Xining , Hohman J. Nathan , Yao Kaiyuan , Ci Penghong , Yan Aiming , Wei Minsong , Hayasaka Takeshi , Zettl Alex , Schuck P. James , Wu Junqiao , Lin Liwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted interest for their compelling nanoscale new properties and numerous potential applications including fast optoelectronic devices, ultrathin photovoltaics, and high‐performance catalysts. Large‐scale growth of uniform TMDC materials is essential for investigating their physics and for their integration into devices. However, the wafer scale deposition of TMDCs on arbitrary nonselective substrates is still beyond the current state‐of‐the‐art. In this article, a method to synthesize layered TMDCs (MoS2 and WS2) at the wafer‐scale by sulfurization of transition metal ions (Mo5+ and W6+) in a gelatin template (metallo‐hydrogel) is reported. This process is adaptable to versatile substrates, including amorphous silicon oxide, high‐temperature quartz, and silicon. Although the products are nominally few layer materials, direct band photoluminescent (≈1.8 eV), similar to single‐ or decoupled multilayer MoS2 is observed. Finally, the solution‐based deposition enables contact printing of TMDC channels to be useable for device applications including thin film transistors with printed silver contacts using the same process.
Sub‐3 V ZnO Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors and Circuits with Screen‐Printed and Photo‐Crosslinked Ion Gel Gate Dielectrics: New Routes to Improved Performance
Authors: Zare Bidoky Fazel , Tang Boxin , Ma Rui , Jochem Krystopher S. , Hyun Woo Jin , Song Donghoon , Koester Steven J. , Lodge Timothy P. , Frisbie C. Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA facile, high‐resolution patterning process is introduced for fabrication of electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) and circuits using a photo‐crosslinkable ion gel and stencil‐based screen printing. The photo‐crosslinkable gel is based on a triblock copolymer incorporating UV‐sensitive terminal azide functionality and a common ionic liquid. Using this material in conjunction with conventional photolithography and stenciling techniques, well‐defined 0.5–1 μm thick ion gel films are patterned on semiconductor channels as narrow as 10 μm. The resulting n‐type ZnO EGTs display high electron mobility (>2 cm2 Vs−1) and on/off current ratios (>105). Further, EGT‐based inverters exhibit static gains >23 at supply voltages below 3 V, and five‐stage EGT ring oscillator circuits display dynamic propagation delays of 50 μs per stage. In general, the screen printing and photo‐crosslinking strategy provides a clean room‐compatible method to fabricate EGT circuits with improved sensitivity (gain) and computational power (gain × oscillating frequency). Detailed device analysis indicates that significantly shorter delay times, of order 1 μs, can be obtained by improving the ion gel conductance.
Effect of the Density of Reactive Sites in P(S‐r‐MMA) Film during Al2O3 Growth by Sequential Infiltration Synthesis
Authors: Caligiore Federica E. , Nazzari Daniele , Cianci Elena , Sparnacci Katia , Laus Michele , Perego Michele , Seguini Gabriele 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) consists in a controlled sequence of metal organic precursors and coreactant vapor exposure cycles of polymer films. Two aspects characterize an SIS process: precursor molecule diffusion within the polymer matrix and precursor molecule entrapment into polymer films via chemical reaction. In this paper, SIS process for the alumina synthesis is investigated using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O in thin films of poly(styrene‐random‐methyl methacrylate) (P(S‐r‐MMA)) with variable MMA content. The amount of alumina grown in the P(S‐r‐MMA) films linearly depends on MMA content. A relatively low concentration of MMA in the copolymer matrix is enough to guarantee the volumetric growth of alumina in the polymer film. In pure polystyrene, metal oxide seeds grow in the subsurface region of the film. In situ dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry analyses provide quantitative information about TMA diffusivity in pristine P(S‐r‐MMA) matrices as a function of MMA fraction, allowing further insight into the process kinetics as a function of the density of reactive sites in the polymer film. This work improves the understanding of infiltration synthesis mechanism and provides a practical approach to potentially expand the library of polymers that can be effectively infiltrated by introducing reactive sites in the polymer chain.
The application value of modified thyroid imaging report and data system in diagnosing medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jialin , Li Xing , Wei Xi , Yang Xueling , Zhao Jing , Zhang Sheng , Guo Zhi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is highly malignant and quite different from the most common papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, most of the ultrasonic evaluation systems mainly aim at PTC at present. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of modified TI‐RADS in diagnosing MTC and compare the sonographic differences of MTC, PTC, and benign nodules. Three thousand two hundred and forty‐two thyroid nodules images confirmed by pathology were categorized according to modified TI‐RADS and ACR TI‐RADS classification. The performances of two TI‐RADS were assessed by ROC curves. The correlations between classifications with the pathology and the consistency of different doctors were evaluated. The ultrasonic differences of MTC, PTC, and benign nodules were analyzed. As a result, the number of high suspicious US features increased, the malignant risk of nodules also increased of two classifications, with significant differences between categories (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation coefficients were 0.751 (modified TI‐TADS) and 0.744 (ACR TI‐RADS). Areas under the ROC curve of the modified TI‐RADS and ACR TI‐RADS were 0.960 and 0.872 (P < 0.001). At Best cut off points, the diagnostic value of modified TI‐RADS was higher than that of ACR TI‐RADS with a higher specificity, PPV, accuracy, and Youden index). By using modified TI‐RADS to diagnose MTC and PTC, the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, accuracy, and Youden index were higher in MTC than PTC. The Kendall's correlation coefficients were 0.962, 0.930, and 0.987. MTC had special ultrasonography characters compared with PTC and benign nodules. These results suggest that modified TI‐RADS is better than ACR TI‐RADS in diagnosing thyroid carcinomas. Diagnostic value to MTC of modified TI‐RADS is slightly higher than that to PTC, and the categorical results of different doctors were consistent. MTC had several particular features contrast to PTC and benign nodules.
In Situ Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Performance of Fe/Fe2.5C/Fe3N/Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Yan Ping , Kong Dewang , Yuan Wenjing , Xie Anjian , Shen Yuhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this study, a novel one‐dimensional iron‐based nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (N‐CNT) nanocomposite (Fe/Fe2.5C/Fe3N/N‐CNT) was successfully synthesized in situ by using a facile and low‐cost method. In alkaline media, the typical product (Fe/Fe2.5C/Fe3N/N‐CNT‐30) showed an good onset potential (Eonset=0.93 V vs RHE), half‐wave potential (E1/2=0.79 V vs RHE), and current density (J=6.62 mA cm−2 at 0.2 V vs RHE), especially compared to the commercial 20 % Pt/C catalyst (0.95 V, 0.82 V, 5.61 mA cm−2, respectively). In acidic medium, it also exhibits a good oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. Moreover, Fe/Fe2.5C/Fe3N/N‐CNT‐30 exhibited superior long‐term durability and methanol tolerance compared to Pt/C in both alkaline and acidic media. The excellent electrocatalytic performance of this material is attributed to the abundant carbon defects in the carbon structure, the high content doping of pyridinic N and graphitic N into the CNTs, the multi‐model Fe species as active sites, and the fact that most Fe species within the CNTs avoid corrosion from electrolyte. This study paves a new way for highly active ORR electrocatalysts and promotes the rapid development of CNTs in some frontier fields.
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Support the Re‐approval of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin
Authors: Fostvedt Luke K. , Hibma Jennifer E. , Masters Joanna C. , Vandendries Erik , Ruiz‐Garcia Ana 
Published: May 2019

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Pfizer, New York, NY) was the first antibody–drug conjugate to be approved for CD33‐positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it was voluntarily withdrawn from the US market due to lack of clinical benefit in the confirmatory phase III trial. In 2012, several investigator cooperative studies using a different dosing regimen showed efficacy, but pharmacokinetic (PK) data were not collected in these trials. Through simulation of expected concentrations for new dosing regimens, PK/pharmacodynamic modeling was able to support the safety and efficacy of these regimens. Significant exposure–response relationships were found for the attainment of complete remission with and without platelet recovery, attainment of blast‐free status, the time course of myelosuppression, several grade ≥ 3 hepatic adverse events, and veno‐occlusive disease. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin received full approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2017 for newly diagnosed and relapsed AML in adult patients and relapsed AML in pediatric patients aged 2–17 years.