bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die klimatische Trockengrenze häufiger Baumarten hängt vom Bodennährstoffstatus ab
Authors: Mellert Karl H. , Canullo Roberto , Mette Tobias , Ziche Daniel , Göttlein Axel 
Published: November 2018

The climatic drought limit of common tree species depend on soil nutrient status
In forest ecology, there is a huge experience in the ecological amplitude of tree species, which is commonly represented in so-called ecograms. However, the ecogram axes are purely qualitatively described and scaled. In the study presented here, we try to specify the drought limit in the ecogram for the ten most abundant and economically important tree species in Germany (Norway spruce, Scots pine, silver fir, European beech, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, sycamore maple, European elm, hornbeam and common ash) using generalized regression models. We use data on the occurrence of the tree species and on the soil of about 3300 plots of the second German forest soil condition survey (BZW II), combined with data from the ICP Forests Level I program (BioDiv and BioSoil) from 13 neighboring European countries as well as climate data from WorldClim. The focus is on the question to what extent the drought limit of the tree species depends on the soil nutrient status. As a predictor of nutrient status, we chose the base saturation type (BT) already introduced in practice. The warmth factor was included as Growing Degree Days, the water balance as climatic water balance in the forest vegetation period (KWB). The drought limit could be specified for all tree species except elm and pedunculate oak. It was found that not only in known nutrient-sensitive tree species (sycamore, ash, hornbeam), the drought limit depends on the BT, but also in beech and spruce. In the case of sycamore as an example of a nutrient-sensitive species, the dry climate limit on strongly acidic soils (BT 5) is already reached at a KWB of 20 l/m2, on base-rich (BT 1 and 0) only at a KWB of −150 l/m2. In beech, too, the drought limit on acidic soils has been reached more quickly than on base-rich sites (BT 5: −40 l/m2, BT 0: −120 l/m2). In contrast, the reaction of spruce is reversed (BT 5: −50 l/m2, BT 0: 10 l/m2). For pine, sessile oak and fir, the drought limit is independent of the base type and is −230 l/m2 (Scots pine), −150 l/m2 (sessile oak) and 0 l/m2 (silver fir). The drought limit specified by BT is a helpful quantity, especially in view of climate change, as it makes it possible to better estimate the potential of the different tree species.
Ertragskundliche Aspekte und Strukturdynamik der Buchen-Lichtwuchsdurchforstung
Authors: Klädtke Joachim 
Published: November 2018

Effects of heavy selective thinnings in beech stands with regard to stand productivity and structural diversity
Based on thinning trials in beech stands initiated in the early 1970s, the effects of selective thinnings in favour of 100 to 120 future crop trees were analysed with regard to volume productivity and the stands' structural diversity. The results show that these kinds of thinnings reduce volume productivity by approximately 6% compared to the maximum volume growth. The reduction in volume growth is mostly caused by the fact that the strongly released crop trees have reduced their height growth for the benefit of a lateral crown expansion, while basal area growth was not affected. Calculations indicate that silvicultural systems working with only 50 future crop trees per hectare may decrease the maximum volume production by about 12%. Furthermore, the results show that the intense crown releases caused by selection thinnings increase the horizontal and vertical diversity of beech stands, since the trees in the understorey profit from better light conditions. The indices calculated for diameter and height diversity of the selection thinning plots approach the values being typical for single tree selection forests (“Plenterwälder”). Already after three to four consecutive selection thinnings, the beech stands' diameter distributions displayed an exponentionally decreasing shape typical for single tree selection forests close to equilibrium. Growth simulations revealed that it might even be possible to directly transform beech stands by selection thinnings into single tree selection structures. However, presumably negative effects on timber quality to be expected under single tree selection structures should be considered as a critical aspect with regard to theoretically possible transformation.
TACTICAL TASKS AND MECHANISM OF THEIR SOLVING
Authors: Zhuravel V. A. 
Published: November 2018

Approaches ofscientists to the definition of the notion «tactical task» are considered. The attention is paid that among the tasks ofpre-judicial investigation being solved, it’s expedient to distinguish depending on the scope the basic (general, core) and the local (intermediate), and depending on realization sphere - strategic and tactical tasks. Along with, the basic tasks may be considered as strategic because they are preconditioned by circumstances which are subjects to clarification in the general course of investigation of a concrete category of crimes. They are directed on achievement of the legal purpose, are more stable by their nature and in a lesser degree they are subjected to the influence of situational factors. Local problems should be considered as tactical because they are caused by situations arising at a certain stage of investigation.
Under tactical task it’s necessary to understand situationally caused complicated question (problem) which arises at a certain stage of investigation, has limited, local sphere of realization, has intermediate character, intended to establish unit facts about separate elements or circumstances of a crime event and is solved by applying exclusively available tactical means. In the mechanism of tactical task solving such elements are functioning: starting position; purpose; ways and means of its achievement which relate a starting position with purpose. The basic stages (phases) of adopting tactical decision are: a) informative preparation of the decision (the analysis of the initial information, that is the analysis of an investigative situation which has developed at the moment of tactical decision making); b) statement of a tactical task, construction of current images; c) near procedure of decision-making which is realized by means of formation and comparison of reference and current images, forecasting possible variants of coming result, correction of images, choice and construction of a reference hypothesis or the program of actions.
FORMING EXPERIENCE OF MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY AT STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY WITH THE HELP OF MODERN ERP SYSTEMS T. F.
Authors: Shitova T. F. 
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the use of ERP systems as a means of formation of professional and specialized competencies of studentsmanagers. Despite the fact that a large number of scientific works are devoted to the problem of automation of management activities, there is no final approach to the organization of the implementation of ERP systems and training of personnel. From the author’s point of view, we need comprehensive theoretical developments in this area, as well as practical recommendations for the implementation and training of users of ERP systems.The purpose of this article is to develop practical recommendations to effectively use the ERP — system “1C:ERP 2” for training students of various profiles of training related to management activities. In the process of work on the problem the system method, methods of economic and comparative analysis, methods of strategic, long-term and operational management were used.The scientific significance of the research results lies in the substantiation of a number of methodological recommendations for the formation of tools for the use of information technology to improve the quality of training of young professionals. Practical value-practical recommendations for building training courses on the basis of ERP systems of students of the areas of training “Management” and “State and municipal management”.The article is of a scientific and practical nature and can be useful for university teachers who teach students specialized software products.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIFELONG SELF-LEARNING INDIVIDUAL READINESS: THE DESIGN OF A CONCEPT IN MEDIA EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Akmanova S. V. , Kurzayeva L. V. , Kopylova N. A. 
Published: November 2018

The modern educational environment is characterized by the intention of educational media products. Specifically, the questions of determining their effective usage specificity both in formal and informal education, and designing and realizing the effective process of developing lifelong self-learning individual readiness are seen as actual. The definition content «self-learning individual readiness» taking into account media educational trends in human society development is revealed in the article. The conceptual conditions of this effective readiness development in the process of informal individual education are presented and proved. We developed and explained the innovative media educational concept structure of lifelong self-learning individual readiness development on the basis of scientific progress in the sphere of university students` self-learning, and in the field of national and world media education, the experience of media educational activities in schools and higher educational establishments of Russia and the whole world. The process of its designing in continuous changing media conditions is shown. The complexity of the approaches and the depth of the research allow us to estimate potential effectiveness of the presented media educational concept of lifelong self-learning individual readiness development. The realization of this concept constructs individual readiness both to self-learning and media education, underpinning media competence.
DYNAMIC ADAPTIVE TESTS OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF ANATOMICAL OBJECTS
Authors: Dyachuk P. P. , Dyachuk (Jr.) P. P. , Shadrin I. V. , Peregudovа I. P. 
Published: November 2018

Problem and purpose. The requirements for the results of professional training of students of medical educational institutions have actualized the problem of dynamic adaptive testing of the enabling conditions for the acquisition by students of the experience of independent learning activity in electronic problematic environments of anatomical objects of the human body. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the possibilities of increasing the teaching potential of students on the basis of the use of computerized dynamic adaptive tests for the identification of complex anatomical objects in conditions of estimated feedback.The methodologyof the research is the analysis of the psychological and pedagogical theory and the generalization of the results of scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists reflecting the ideas of actual approaches to dynamic adaptive testing in education, namely: the activity approach that implements developmental learning in the conditions of instructive feedback; the environmental approach, on the basis of training with reinforcement, in the context of evaluative feedback.Results. Based on the analysis of educational theory and practice, the basic didactic principles of dynamic adaptive testing of the process of self-learning in the electronic problematic environment of anatomical objects are formulated: evaluative feedback, thesaurus, interactivity, iterativity, semiotic diversity, monitoring, instability, uncertainty. Based on these principles, computerized dynamic adaptive tests-simulators for the identification of anatomical objects have been developed, a methodological model has been created for diagnosing the procedural characteristics of students’ learning activities, and the effectiveness of dynamic adaptive testing in the formation and development of cognitive abilities of students has been proved.The conclusion. The article describes the implementation of the ideas of dynamic adaptive testing in enriching the didactic potential of the student’s productive learning activity. The proposed model of dynamic adaptive testing of the structure of anatomical objects, through a combination of self-learning activities and external management in the context of evaluative feedback, allows students to be included in independent educational activities and to diagnose changes in its procedural characteristics. The results and conclusions allow us to develop the basic principles of dynamic adaptive testing.
PERAN KELEMBAGAAN NAGARI DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN DI NAGARI SIRUKAM, KABUPATEN SOLOK
Authors: Wulandari Christine , Herwanti Susni , Febryano Indra Gumay 
Published: November 2018

Peran kelembagaan lokal penting untuk menjamin keberlanjutan pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat yang sedang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran kelembagaan lokal Nagari Sirukam di Kecamatan Payung Sekaki, Kabupaten Solok, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai kearifan lokal dalam pemanfaatan lahan atau sumberdaya alam di Nagari Sirukam yang dikenal dengan falsafah Nan Bancah Jadiakan Sawah, Nan Lereang Jadikan Parak” yang artinya lahan yang dialiri air berada di dataran lebih rendah digarap dijadikan sawah, sedangkan lahan miring dijadikan kebun dan ladang”. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebelum didapatkannya izin pengelolaan hutan desa/hutan nagari, masyarakat nagari Sirukam sudah dapat melakukan pengelolaan lahan miring yang umumnya berupa hutan. Kelembagaan lokal mempunyai peranan yang penting hal itu dilihat dari dampak positif yang didapatkan oleh masyarakat setelah adanya hutan nagari. Dampak positif tersebut diantaranya, bertambahnya keterampilan dan pendapatan masyarakat. Selain itu, adanya pengelolaan yang dilakukan oleh lembaga lokal nagari memberikan penjaminan atas ketersediaan air bagi masyarakat, tidak hanya masyarakat Nagari Sirukam tetapi juga nagari-nagari di sekitarnya.
ANÁLISIS CONSTITUCIONAL DE LA INHABILIDAD ESPECIAL DE LOS CONCILIADORES*
Authors: Huertas Montero Laura Estephania , Ballén Jaime Carlos Felipe 
Published: November 2018

<p>La conciliación es un mecanismo auto-compositivo de resolución de controversias en el cual las partes gestionan la solución de sus diferencias con ayuda de un tercero neutral llamado conciliador. La Ley 640 de 2001 que regula en Colombia este mecanismo alternativo de solución de conflictos ha previsto, con el propósito de garantizar la imparcialidad de los conciliadores, una inhabilidad especial que opera, en primer lugar, para toda clase de asuntos durante al año siguiente al término previsto para la conciliación; y respecto de la causa objeto de la conciliación esta inhabilidad se extiende de manera indefinida en el tiempo. Se puede pensar, de forma preliminar, que esta inhabilidad indefinida se convierte en una pena o sanción irredimible que contraría principios y disposiciones constitucionales. Esta es la razón por la cual este artículo pretende analizar de forma exhaustiva la constitucio- nalidad de esta regulación.</p>
ALMA Reveals a Collision between Protostellar Outflows in BHR 71
Authors: Zapata Luis A. , Fernández-López Manuel , Rodríguez Luis F. , Garay Guido , Takahashi Satoko , Lee Chin-Fei , Hernández-Gómez Antonio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
For a binary protostellar outflow system in which its members are located close to each other (the separation being smaller than the addition of the widths of the flows) and with large opening angles, the collision seems unavoidable regardless of the orientation of the outflows. This is in contrast to the current observational evidence of just a few regions with indications of colliding outflows, which could also suggests that the average distance between protostars is larger than the width of the flows. Here, using sensitive observations of the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array, we report resolved images of carbon monoxide (CO) toward the binary flows associated with the BHR 71 protostellar system. These images reveal for the first time solid evidence that their flows are partially colliding, increasing the brightness of the CO, the dispersion of the velocities in the interaction zone, and changing part of the orientation in one of the flows. Additionally, this impact opened the possibility of knowing the three-dimensional geometry of the system, revealing that one of its components (IRS 2) should be closer to us.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of 3200 Phaethon at Closest Approach
Authors: Jewitt David , Mutchler Max , Agarwal Jessica , Li Jing 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of the active asteroid (and Geminid stream parent) 3200 Phaethon when at its closest approach to Earth (separation 0.07 au) in 2017 December. Images were recorded within ∼1° of the orbital plane, providing extra sensitivity to low surface brightness caused by scattering from a large-particle trail. We placed an upper limit on the apparent surface brightness of such a trail at 27.2 mag arcsecond−2, corresponding to an in-plane optical depth ≤3 × 10−9. No co-moving sources brighter than absolute magnitude 26.3, corresponding to circular equivalent radius ∼12 m (albedo 0.12 assumed), were detected. Phaethon is too hot for near-surface ice to survive. We briefly consider the thermodynamic stability of deeply buried ice, finding that its survival would require either a very small (regolith-like) thermal diffusivity (<10−8 m2 s−1), or the unexpectedly recent injection of Phaethon (timescale ≲106 years) into its present orbit, or both.
The Stellar Contents of Intermediate-mass Disk Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. I. GMOS Spectra*
†
‡
Authors: Davidge T. J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The stellar contents of six intermediate-mass early-type disk galaxies in the Virgo cluster are examined using deep long slit spectra. The isophotal and photometric properties of the galaxies at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths are also examined. Characteristic ages and metallicities are found by making comparisons with the strengths of lines measured from model spectra. The light from the central regions of these galaxies at visible/red wavelengths is not dominated by old populations. Rather, the central regions of four galaxies (NGC 4305, NGC 4306, NGC 4497, and NGC 4620) are dominated by populations with ages ∼1.5–3 Gyr. Centrally concentrated line emission is found in two of the galaxies (NGC 4491 and NGC 4584), and the relative strengths of Hα and [S ii]6746 are consistent with this emission originating in star-forming regions. The disks of these galaxies are dominated by populations that are at least 1 Gyr older than those near the centers, indicating that the quenching of star formation progressed from large radii inwards, and did not occur over a short timescale. NGC 4497 has the oldest disk, with a luminosity-weighted age of 10 Gyr. The metallicities of the galaxies in this sample are consistent with their integrated brightnesses, suggesting that they have not been subjected to large-scale stellar stripping. [Mg/Fe] is roughly solar, suggesting that these systems retained and enriched gas over timescales of at least 1 Gyr. The progenitors of these galaxies were likely late-type systems that were accreted by Virgo during intermediate or early epochs and have since been depleted of gas and dust.
Compton Shoulder Diagnostics in Active Galactic Nuclei for Probing the Metallicity of the Obscuring Compton-thick Tori
Authors: Hikitani Masaya , Ohno Masanori , Fukazawa Yasushi , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Odaka Hirokazu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We analyzed the spectral shape of the Compton shoulder around the neutral Fe–K
α
line of the Compton-thick type II Seyfert nucleus of the Circinus galaxy. The characteristics of this Compton shoulder with respect to the reflected continuum and Fe–K
α
line core intensity are powerful diagnostics tools for analyzing the structure of the molecular tori, which obscures the central engine. We applied our Monte-Carlo-based X-ray reflection spectral model to the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating data and successfully constrained the various spectral parameters independently, using only the spectral data only around the Fe–K
α
emission line. The obtained column density and inclination angle are consistent with previous observations and the Compton-thick type II Seyfert picture. In addition, we determined the metal abundance of the molecular torus for the case of the smooth and clumpy torus to be

and 1.74 ± 0.16 solar abundance, respectively. Such slightly over-solar abundance can be useful information for discussing the star formation rate in the molecular tori of active galactic nuclei.
Hyperflares of M Dwarfs
Authors: Chang H.-Y. , Lin C.-L. , Ip W.-H. , Huang L.-C. , Hou W.-C. , Yu P.-C. , Song Y.-H. , Luo A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
From a study of the light curves of the M dwarfs observed by the Kepler space telescope in its primary mission, a number of flare events with the peak flux increases reaching more than the nominal stellar luminosity have been found. One of them, KIC 9201463, produced an extreme flare with the peak flux increase jumping to five times the quiet-time value. In relative terms, this class of hyperflares is much stronger than the superflares of the solar-type stars and could have a very important influence on the atmospheric evolution and the potential development of biospheres of habitable super-Earths orbiting around M dwarf stars. A cross-correlation of the flare activities of some of these M dwarf stars and their Hα equivalent width (EW) values derived from the LAMOST project indicates that the Hα EW values can be used to monitor the occurrence of hyperflares as well as the level of flare activity of different classes of M dwarfs with fast to slow rotations, and hence the long-term environmental effects of star–planet interaction of exoplanets.
Forming Gliese 876 through Smooth Disk Migration
Authors: Dempsey Adam M. , Nelson Benjamin E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We run a suite of dissipative N-body simulations to determine which regions of phase space for smooth disk migration are consistent with the GJ876 system, an M-dwarf hosting three planets orbiting in a chaotic 4:2:1 Laplace resonance. We adopt adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) methods that are commonly used in hydrodynamical simulations to efficiently explore the parameter space defined by the semimajor axis and eccentricity damping timescales. We find that there is a large region of phase space that produces systems in the chaotic Laplace resonance and a smaller region consistent with the observed eccentricities and libration amplitudes for the resonant angles. Under the assumptions of Type I migration for the outer planet, we translate these damping timescales into constraints on the protoplanetary disk surface density and thickness. When we strongly (weakly) damp the eccentricities of the inner two Laplace planets, these timescales correspond to disk surface densities around ten thousand (a few hundred) grams per square centimeter and disk aspect ratios between 1% and 10%. Additionally, smooth migration produces systems with a range of chaotic timescales, from decades and centuries to upward of thousands of years. In agreement with previous studies, the less chaotic regions of phase space coincide with the system being in a low-energy double apsidal corotation resonance. Our detailed modeling of multiplanetary systems coupled with our AMR exploration method enhances our ability to map out the parameter space of planet formation models and is well suited to study other resonant chain systems such as Trappist-1, Kepler-60, and others.