bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of involuntary admission among first-generation ethnic minority groups with early psychosis: a retrospective cohort study using health administrative data
Authors: Rodrigues Rebecca , MacDougall Arlene G. , Zou Guangyong , Lebenbaum Michael , Kurdyak Paul , Li Lihua , Shariff Salimah Z. , Anderson Kelly K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsEthnic minority groups often have more complex and aversive pathways to mental health care. However, large population-based studies are lacking, particularly regarding involuntary hospitalisation. We sought to examine the risk of involuntary admission among first-generation ethnic minority groups with early psychosis in Ontario, Canada.MethodsUsing health administrative data, we constructed a retrospective cohort (2009–2013) of people with first-onset non-affective psychotic disorder aged 16–35 years. This cohort was linked to immigration data to ascertain migrant status and country of birth. We identified the first involuntary admission within 2 years and compared the risk of involuntary admission for first-generation migrant groups to the general population. To control for the role of migrant status, we restricted the sample to first-generation migrants and examined differences by country of birth, comparing risk of involuntary admission among ethnic minority groups to a European reference. We further explored the role of migrant class by adjusting for immigrant vs refugee status within the migrant cohort. We also explored effect modification of migrant class by ethnic minority group.ResultsWe identified 15 844 incident cases of psychotic disorder, of whom 19% (n= 3049) were first-generation migrants. Risk of involuntary admission was higher than the general population in five of seven ethnic minority groups. African and Caribbean migrants had the highest risk of involuntary admission (African: risk ratio (RR) = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.34–1.73; Caribbean: RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.37–1.82), and were the only groups where the elevated risk persisted when compared to the European reference group within the migrant cohort (African: RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04–1.48; Caribbean: RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.07–1.56). Refugee status was independently associated with involuntary admission (RR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.32); however, this risk varied by ethnic minority group, with Caribbean refugees having an elevated risk of involuntary admission compared with Caribbean immigrants (RR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.15–2.58).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the international literature showing increased rates of involuntary admission among some ethnic minority groups with early psychosis. Interventions aimed at improving pathways to care could be targeted at these groups to reduce disparities.
Combining Ground‐ and ASTER‐Based Thermal Measurements to Constrain Fumarole Field Heat Budgets: The Case of Vulcano Fossa 2000–2019
Authors: Mannini Stefano , Harris Andrew J. L. , Jessop David E. , Chevrel Magdalena Oryaëlle , Ramsey Michael S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVulcano Fossa's fumarole field (Italy) has been active for more than a century and has become a well‐studied benchmark for fumarolic degassing, often being considered the “model” hydrothermal system. Satellite thermal monitoring is increasingly being used to monitor such systems, so we here use Vulcano to test a new method for assessing heat flux at such systems. Our methodology involves converting ground‐based vent temperature measurements to heat fluxes emitted by the fumaroles, with the diffuse heat flux obtained from satellite‐sensor (in our case Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) data. While diffuse heat losses were typically 9 MW, vent heat losses were 1 MW. The average total flux of 10 MW over the 19‐year period of study places Vulcano in the top 20 most active hydrothermal systems globally. This work highlights the value of high spatial resolution infrared satellite data in building thermal inventories for persistently active hydrothermal systems.
A Definition of Rapid Weakening for Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Ma Zhanhong , Fei Jianfang , Huang Xiaogang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe statistical characteristics of rapid weakening (RW) tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific are explored from 1988 to 2017. The RW is defined as approximately the 95th percentile of all 24‐hr over‐water weakening rates, corresponding to a 40 kt (20.6 m/s) or greater decrease in the maximum surface wind over a 24‐hr period. Statistical analysis suggests that RW tropical cyclones tend to possess higher intensities and faster translation than non‐RW tropical cyclones. Relative to the non‐RW cases, the RW cases occur in regions with a stronger meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient and smaller SST. The SST difference between RW and non‐RW cases is amplified during the weakening phase. Strong vertical wind shear plays a crucial role in leading to the RW events, while the contribution of midlevel dry‐air intrusion is found to be not statistically important in the western North Pacific basin.
Relationship Between Global Plasmapause Characteristics and Plasmapause Structures in the Frame of Interchange Instability Mechanism
Authors: Bandić Mario , Verbanac Giuliana , Pierrard Viviane 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent studies based on CLUSTER, CRRES, and especially on THEMIS satellite data have revealed the statistical behavior of the global plasmapause such as eastward azimuthal plasmapause propagation and radial plasmapause motion between 21 and 07 magnetic local times (MLTs) most likely at postmidnight. The results are shown to be in a good agreement with characteristics of the plasmapause modeled using interchange instability mechanism. The present study is based on the plasmapause modeled with the mentioned physical mechanism, and it aims to link the observed global plasmapause dynamic with formation and evolution of plasmapause structures. We investigated two plasmapause datasets obtained using real Kp values and certain type of time‐dependent changes in the Kp (thereafter Kp jumps) as input in the simulations. The Kp jumps include sharp Kp increase, sharp Kp decrease, short‐time burst enhancement (increase‐decrease within 3 hr) in Kp, and their combinations in order to obtain plumes, shoulders, and notches, the structures most often observed in the nature. The cross‐correlation analyses is applied to the modeled plasmapause and to the geomagnetic Kp index at different 1‐hr MLT bins. We have shown that the cross‐correlation curves provide deeper insight in the physical processes related to the plasmapause dynamic and evolution. Their behavior is interpreted as the imprint of the plasmapause structure passages through specific MLT sector. Taking into account that the plasmapause in the single events shows very complex and different behaviors, the most important finding of the present study is the simple explanation of what causes global plasmapause motions and deformation in time.
Gamma Ray Flashes Produced by Lightning Observed at Ground Level by TETRA‐II
Authors: Pleshinger D. J. , Alnussirat S. T. , Arias J. , Bai S. , Banadaki Y. , Cherry M. L. , Hoffman J. H. , Khosravi E. , Legault M. D. , Rodriguez R. , Smith D. , Smith D. , del Toro E. , Trepanier J. C. , Sunda‐Meya A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn its first 2 years of operation, the ground‐based Terrestrial gamma ray flash and Energetic Thunderstorm Rooftop Array (TETRA)‐II array of gamma ray detectors has recorded 22 bursts of gamma rays of millisecond‐scale duration associated with lightning. In this study, we present the TETRA‐II observations detected at the three TETRA‐II ground‐level sites in Louisiana, Puerto Rico, and Panama together with the simultaneous radio frequency signals from the lightning data sets VAISALA Global Lightning Dataset, VAISALA National Lightning Detection Network, Earth Networks Total Lightning Network, and World Wide Lightning Location Network. The relative timing between the gamma ray events and the lightning activity is a key parameter for understanding the production mechanism(s) of the bursts. The gamma ray time profiles and their correlation with radio sferics suggest that the gamma ray events are initiated by lightning leader activity and are produced near the last stage of lightning leader channel development prior to the lightning return stroke.
Subsurface Cyclonic Eddies Observed in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Yang Guang‐Bing , Zheng Quanan , Xiong Xue‐Jun , Yuan Yeli , Zhuang Zhanpeng , Hui Zhenli , Guo Yan‐Liang , Yu Long , Sun Jia , Ju Xia , Ma De‐Jing , Hu Xiaomin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we for the first time observed two subsurface cyclonic eddies (SCEs) in the southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean. One SCE (SCE‐C) was observed along 8°S transect during the cruise conducted in July 2016. Another SCE (SCE‐A) was also observed near 8°S but by an Argo float in November 2005. The SCE‐C had a maximum thickness of about 500 m (300–800 m) and a radius of ~90 km, while the SCE‐A has a vertical extent of 700 m (200–900 m) and a radius larger than 110 km. The water trapped by SCE shows a three‐compartment structure. Both the two SCEs are characterized by stratified water with negative lens structure and cause prominent temperature/salinity/spiciness anomalies in a wide density range. As the water carried by SCEs is stratified, we can trace the SCE origin by finding an area sharing the same water property with the SCE on different density surfaces. The result suggests that the two SCEs originate from the southwest coast of the Sumatra Island. Considering the topography and hydrologic characteristics of the SCE origin, we speculate that the SCEs are generated due to topography‐induced South Java Undercurrent instability.
Disruptive mutations in TANC2 define a neurodevelopmental syndrome associated with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Guo Hui , Bettella Elisa , Marcogliese Paul C. , Zhao Rongjuan , Andrews Jonathan C. , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Gillentine Madelyn A. , Hoekzema Kendra , Wang Tianyun , Wu Huidan , Jangam Sharayu , Liu Cenying , Ni Hailun , Willemsen Marjolein H. , van Bon Bregje W. , Rinne Tuula , Stevens Servi J. C. , Kleefstra Tjitske , Brunner Han G. , Yntema Helger G. , Long Min , Zhao Wenjing , Hu Zhengmao , Colson Cindy , Richard Nicolas , Schwartz Charles E. , Romano Corrado , Castiglia Lucia , Bottitta Maria , Dhar Shweta U. , Erwin Deanna J. , Emrick Lisa , Keren Boris , Afenjar Alexandra , Zhu Baosheng , Bai Bing , Stankiewicz Pawel , Herman Kristin ,   University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Nickerson Deborah A. , Bamshad Michael J. , Mercimek-Andrews Saadet , Juusola Jane , Wilfert Amy B. , Abou Jamra Rami , Büttner Benjamin , Mefford Heather C. , Muir Alison M. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Regan Brigid M. , Malone Stephen , Gecz Jozef , Cobben Jan , Weiss Marjan M. , Waisfisz Quinten , Bijlsma Emilia K. , Hoffer Mariëtte J. V. , Ruivenkamp Claudia A. L. , Sartori Stefano , Xia Fan , Rosenfeld Jill A. , Bernier Raphael A. , Wangler Michael F. , Yamamoto Shinya , Xia Kun , Stegmann Alexander P. A. , Bellen Hugo J. , Murgia Alessandra , Eichler Evan E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPostsynaptic density (PSD) proteins have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Here, we present detailed clinical and genetic data for 20 patients with likely gene-disrupting mutations in TANC2—whose protein product interacts with multiple PSD proteins. Pediatric patients with disruptive mutations present with autism, intellectual disability, and delayed language and motor development. In addition to a variable degree of epilepsy and facial dysmorphism, we observe a pattern of more complex psychiatric dysfunction or behavioral problems in adult probands or carrier parents. Although this observation requires replication to establish statistical significance, it also suggests that mutations in this gene are associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders consistent with its postsynaptic function. We find that TANC2 is expressed broadly in the human developing brain, especially in excitatory neurons and glial cells, but shows a more restricted pattern in Drosophila glial cells where its disruption affects behavioral outcomes.
Sample descriptors linked to metagenomic sequencing data from human and animal enteric samples from Vietnam
Authors: Woolhouse Mark , Ashworth Jordan , Bogaardt Carlijn , Tue Ngo Tri , Baker Steve , Thwaites Guy , Phuc Tran My 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThere is still limited information on the diversity of viruses co-circulating in humans and animals. Here, we report data obtained from a large field collection of enteric samples taken from humans, pigs, rodents and other mammal hosts in Vietnam between 2012 and 2016. Each of 2100 stool or rectal swab samples was subjected to virally-enriched agnostic metagenomic sequencing; the short read sequence data are accessible from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA). We link the sequence data to metadata on host type and demography and geographic location, distinguishing hospital patients, members of a cohort identified as a high risk of zoonotic infections (e.g. abattoir workers, rat traders) and animals. These data are suitable for further studies of virus diversity and virus discovery in humans and animals from Vietnam and to identify viruses found in multiple hosts that are potentially zoonotic.
The human amygdala disconnecting from auditory cortex preferentially discriminates musical sound of uncertain emotion by altering hemispheric weighting
Authors: Manno Francis A. M. , Lau Condon , Fernandez-Ruiz Juan , Manno Sinaí Hernandez-Cortes , Cheng Shuk Han , Barrios Fernando A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow do humans discriminate emotion from non-emotion? The specific psychophysical cues and neural responses involved with resolving emotional information in sound are unknown. In this study we used a discrimination psychophysical-fMRI sparse sampling paradigm to locate threshold responses to happy and sad acoustic stimuli. The fine structure and envelope of auditory signals were covaried to vary emotional certainty. We report that emotion identification at threshold in music utilizes fine structure cues. The auditory cortex was activated but did not vary with emotional uncertainty. Amygdala activation was modulated by emotion identification and was absent when emotional stimuli were chance identifiable, especially in the left hemisphere. The right hemisphere amygdala was considerably more deactivated in response to uncertain emotion. The threshold of emotion was signified by a right amygdala deactivation and change of left amygdala greater than right amygdala activation. Functional sex differences were noted during binaural uncertain emotional stimuli presentations, where the right amygdala showed larger activation in females. Negative control (silent stimuli) experiments investigated sparse sampling of silence to ensure modulation effects were inherent to emotional resolvability. No functional modulation of Heschl’s gyrus occurred during silence; however, during rest the amygdala baseline state was asymmetrically lateralized. The evidence indicates changing hemispheric activation and deactivation patterns between the left and right amygdala is a hallmark feature of discriminating emotion from non-emotion in music.
Element Effects on High-Entropy Alloy Vacancy and Heterogeneous Lattice Distortion Subjected to Quasi-equilibrium Heating
Authors: Huang E-Wen , Chou Hung-Sheng , Tu K. N. , Hung Wei-Song , Lam Tu-Ngoc , Tsai Che-Wei , Chiang Ching-Yu , Lin Bi-Hsuan , Yeh An-Chou , Chang Shan-Hsiu , Chang Yao-Jen , Yang Jun-Jie , Li Xiao-Yun , Ku Ching-Shun , An Ke , Chang Yuan-Wei , Jao Yu-Lun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe applied Simmons–Balluffi methods, positron measurements, and neutron diffraction to estimate the vacancy of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using Cu as a benchmark. The corresponding formation enthalpies and associated entropies of the HEAs and Cu were calculated. The vacancy-dependent effective free volumes in both CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi alloys are greater than those in Cu, implying the easier formation of vacancies by lattice structure relaxation of HEAs at elevated temperatures. Spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray measurements revealed different characteristics of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs subjected to quasi-equilibrium conditions at high temperatures. Element-dependent behavior revealed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicates the effect of Mn on the Cantor Alloy.
Metabarcoding assessment of prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa in sediments from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary
Authors: Polinski Jennifer M. , Bucci John P. , Gasser Mark , Bodnar Andrea G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) in the Gulf of Maine is a historic fishing ground renowned for remarkable productivity. Biodiversity conservation is a key management priority for SBNMS and yet data on the diversity of microorganisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, is lacking. This study utilized next generation sequencing to characterize sedimentary communities within SBNMS at three sites over two seasons. Targeting 16S and 18S small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes and fungal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences, samples contained high diversity at all taxonomic levels and identified 127 phyla, including 115 not previously represented in the SBNMS Management Plan and Environmental Assessment. A majority of the diversity was bacterial, with 59 phyla, but also represented were nine Archaea, 18 Animalia, 14 Chromista, eight Protozoa, two Plantae, and 17 Fungi phyla. Samples from different sites and seasons were dominated by the same high abundance organisms but displayed considerable variation in rare taxa. The levels of biodiversity seen on this small spatial scale suggest that benthic communities of this area support a diverse array of micro- and macro-organisms, and provide a baseline for future studies to assess changes in community structure in response to rapid warming in the Gulf of Maine.
Site-specific N-glycosylation of HeLa cell glycoproteins
Authors: Turiák Lilla , Sugár Simon , Ács András , Tóth Gábor , Gömöry Ágnes , Telekes András , Vékey Károly , Drahos László 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have characterized site-specific N-glycosylation of the HeLa cell line glycoproteins, using a complex workflow based on high and low energy tandem mass spectrometry of glycopeptides. The objective was to obtain highly reliable data on common glycoforms, so rigorous data evaluation was performed. The analysis revealed the presence of a high amount of bovine serum contaminants originating from the cell culture media – nearly 50% of all glycans were of bovine origin. Unaccounted, the presence of bovine serum components causes major bias in the human cellular glycosylation pattern; as is shown when literature results using released glycan analysis are compared. We have reliably identified 43 (human) glycoproteins, 69 N-glycosylation sites, and 178 glycoforms. HeLa glycoproteins were found to be highly (68.7%) fucosylated. A medium degree of sialylation was observed, on average 46.8% of possible sialylation sites were occupied. High-mannose sugars were expressed in large amounts, as expected in the case of a cancer cell line. Glycosylation in HeLa cells is highly variable. It is markedly different not only on various proteins but also at the different glycosylation sites of the same protein. Our method enabled the detailed characterization of site-specific N-glycosylation of several glycoproteins expressed in HeLa cell line.
Traditional Processed Meat Products Re-designed Towards Inulin-rich Functional Foods Reduce Polyps in Two Colorectal Cancer Animal Models
Authors: Fernández Javier , Ledesma Estefanía , Monte Joaquín , Millán Enric , Costa Pedro , de la Fuente Vanessa García , García María Teresa Fernández , Martínez-Camblor Pablo , Villar Claudio J. , Lombó Felipe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInulin-rich foods exert a prebiotic effect, as this polysaccharide is able to enhance beneficial colon microbiota populations, giving rise to the in situ production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionic and butyric acids. These SCFAs are potent preventive agents against colorectal cancer due to their histone deacetylases inhibitory properties, which induce apoptosis in tumor colonocytes. As colorectal cancer is the fourth most common neoplasia in Europe with 28.2 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants, a cost-effective preventive strategy has been tested in this work by redesigning common porcine meat products (chorizo sausages and cooked ham) consumed by a substantial proportion of the population towards potential colorectal cancer preventive functional foods. In order to test the preventive effect of these inulin-rich meat products against colorectal cancer, an animal model (Rattus norvegicus F344) was used, involving two doses of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) and two treatments with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) during a 20-week assay period. Control feed, control sausages, functional sausages (15.7% inulin), control cooked ham and functional cooked ham (10% inulin) were used to feed the corresponding animal cohorts. Then, the animals were sacrificed and their digestive tract tissues were analyzed. The results showed a statistically significant 49% reduction in the number of colon polyps in the functional meat products cohorts with respect to the control meat products animals, as well as an increase in the cecum weight (an indicator of a diet rich in prebiotic fiber), a 51.8% increase in colon propionate production, a 39.1% increase in colon butyrate concentrations, and a reduction in the number of hyperplastic Peyer’s patches. Metagenomics studies also demonstrated colon microbiota differences, revealing a significant increase in Bacteroidetes populations in the functional meat products (mainly due to an increase in Bacteroidaceae and Prevotellaceae families, which include prominent propionate producers), together with a reduction in Firmicutes (especially due to lower Lachnospiraceae populations). However, functional meat products showed a remarkable increase in the anti-inflammatory and fiber-fermentative Blautia genus, which belongs to this Lachnospiraceae family. The functional meat products cohorts also presented a reduction in important pro-inflammatory bacterial populations, such as those of the genus Desulfovibrio and Bilophila. These results were corroborated in a genetic animal model of CRC (F344/NSlc-Apc1588/kyo) that produced similar results. Therefore, processed meat products can be redesigned towards functional prebiotic foods of interest as a cost-effective dietary strategy for preventing colorectal cancer in human populations.
Collaborative Efforts to Improve Opportunities for Children With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Ghana
Authors: Baigorri Miriam , Crowley Catherine , Bukari Belinda 
Published: October 2019

PurposeAlthough efforts have been made in Ghana to include children with disabilities in mainstream society, children continue to face barriers to education, rehabilitation, and support services. This article describes collaborative efforts made by the authors, U.S. speech-language pathologists, and a Ghanaian special educator to improve communication skills and academic opportunities for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Such initiatives include bringing alternative and augmentative communication into the classroom and establishing activities that promote linguistic concepts and literacy skills.ConclusionThis article is an effort to provide a service delivery model for speech-language pathologists and professionals working in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to the authors' efforts described in the article, this also highlights national initiatives that have improved the services for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Ghana.