bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using individual‐based movement information to identify spatial conservation priorities for mobile species
Authors: Dwyer Ross G. , Campbell Hamish A. , Pillans Richard D. , Watts Matthew E. , Lyon Barry J. , Guru Siddeswara M. , Dinh Minh N. , Possingham Hugh P. , Franklin Craig E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe optimal design of reserve networks and fisheries closures depends on species occurrence information and knowledge of how anthropogenic impacts interact with the species concerned. However, challenges in surveying mobile and cryptic species over adequate spatial and temporal scales can mask the importance of particular habitats, leading to uncertainty about which areas to protect to optimize conservation efforts. We investigated how telemetry‐derived locations can help guide the scale and timing of fisheries closures with the aim of reducing threatened species bycatch. Forty juvenile speartooth sharks (Glyphis glyphis) were monitored over 22 months with implanted acoustic transmitters and an array of hydrophone receivers. Using the decision‐support tool Marxan, we formulated a permanent fisheries closure that prioritized areas used more frequently by tagged sharks and considered areas perceived as having high value to fisheries. To explore how the size of the permanent closure compared with an alternative set of time‐area closures (i.e., where different areas were closed to fishing at different times of year), we used a cluster analysis to group months that had similar arrangements of selected planning units (informed by shark movements during that month) into 2 time‐area closures. Sharks were consistent in their timing and direction of migratory movements, but the number of tagged sharks made a big difference in the placement of the permanent closure; 30 individuals were needed to capture behavioral heterogeneity. The dry‐season (May–January) and wet‐season (February–April) time‐area closures opened 20% and 25% more planning units to fishing, respectively, compared with the permanent closure with boundaries fixed in space and time. Our results show that telemetry has the potential to inform and improve spatial management of mobile species and that the temporal component of tracking data can be incorporated into prioritizations to reduce possible impacts of spatial closures on established fisheries.
Expert consensus on a train‐the‐trainer curriculum for robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Gómez Ruiz M. , Alfieri S. , Becker T. , Bergmann M. , Boggi U. , Collins J. , Figueiredo N. , Gögenur I. , Matzel K. , Miskovic D. , Parvaiz A. , Pratschke J. , Rivera Castellano J. , Qureshi T. , Svendsen L. B. , Tekkis P. , Vaz C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimRobotic techniques are being increasingly used in colorectal surgery. There is, however, a lack of training opportunities and structured training programmes. Robotic surgery has specific problems and challenges for trainers and trainees. Ergonomics, specific skills and user–machine interfaces are different from those in traditional laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this study was to establish expert consensus on the requirements for a robotic train‐the‐trainer curriculum amongst robotic surgeons and trainers.MethodThis is a modified Delphi‐type study involving 14 experts in robotic surgery teaching. A reiterating 19‐item questionnaire was sent out to the same group and agreement levels analysed. A consensus of 0.8 or higher was considered to be high‐level agreement.ResultsResponse rates were 93–100% and most items reached high levels of agreement within three rounds. Specific requirements for a robotic faculty development curriculum included maximizing dual‐console teaching, theatre team training, nontechnical skills training, patient safety, user–machine interface training and telementoring.ConclusionA clear need for the development of a train‐the‐trainer curriculum has been identified. Further research is needed to assess feasibility, effectiveness and clinical impact of a robotic train‐the‐trainer curriculum.
Global university rankings and their impact on the internationalisation of higher education
Authors: Hauptman Komotar Maruša 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlobal university rankings are a worldwide trend that emerged in times of the globalisation and internationalisation of higher education. Universities worldwide are now striving to become “world‐class” institutions and are constantly aiming to improve their ranking position. Global rankings of universities are thus perceived by many as an ultimate tool for assessing the level of internationalisation at individual higher education institutions. This article first discusses the meaning of and relationship between the globalisation and internationalisation of higher education, as their influence on the emergence of global rankings is undeniable. It then outlines the methodological designs of four main global university rankings which serve as key prerequisites for the subsequent analyses of both the international(‐isation) indicators that these rankings include and of the international ranking initiatives that focus exclusively on the international outlook of higher education institutions. In the concluding discussion, the article reveals that, due to the predominantly quantitative orientation of global university rankings (on the internationalisation of higher education), their results should not be generalised or understood as a means to improve the quality of (internationalisation of) higher education.
Fronto‐temporal vulnerability to disconnection in paediatric moderate and severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Molteni E. , Pagani E. , Strazzer S. , Arrigoni F. , Beretta E. , Boffa G. , Galbiati S. , Filippi M. , Rocca M. A. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIn patients with moderate and severe paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), we investigated the presence and severity of white matter (WM) tract damage, cortical lobar and deep grey matter (GM) atrophies, their interplay and their correlation with outcome rating scales.MethodsDiffusion tensor (DT) and 3D T1‐weighted MRI scans were obtained from 22 TBI children (13 boys; mean age at insult = 11.6 years; 72.7% in chronic condition) and 31 age‐matched healthy children. Patients were tested with outcome rating scales and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). DT MRI indices were obtained from several supra‐ and infra‐tentorial WM tracts. Cortical lobar and deep GM volumes were derived. Comparisons between patients and controls, and between patients in acute (<6 months from the event) vs. chronic (≥6 months) condition were performed.ResultsPatients showed a widespread pattern of decreased WM FA and GM atrophy. Compared to acute, chronic patients showed severer atrophy in the right frontal lobe and reduced FA in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum (CC). Decreased axial diffusivity was observed in acute patients versus controls in the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus and CC. Chronic patients showed increased axial diffusivity in the same structures. Uncinate fasciculus DT MRI abnormalities correlated with atrophy in the frontal and temporal lobes. Hippocampal atrophy correlated with reduced WISC scores, whereas putamen atrophy correlated with lower functional independence measure scores.ConclusionsThe study isolated a distributed fronto‐temporal network of structures particularly vulnerable to axonal damage and atrophy that may contribute to cognitive deficits following TBI.
Targeted hippocampal GABA neuron ablation by Stable Substance P–saporin causes hippocampal sclerosis and chronic epilepsy in rats
Authors: Chun Eugene , Bumanglag Argyle V. , Burke Sara N. , Sloviter Robert S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy develops in the absence of identified brain injuries, infections, or structural malformations, and in these cases, an unidentified pre‐existing abnormality may initiate febrile seizures, hippocampal sclerosis, and epilepsy. Although a role for GABAergic dysfunction in epilepsy is intuitively obvious, no causal relationship has been established. In this study, hippocampal GABA neurons were targeted for selective elimination to determine whether a focal hippocampal GABAergic defect in an otherwise normal brain can initiate cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. We used Stable Substance P–saporin conjugate (SSP‐saporin) to target rat hippocampal GABA neurons, which selectively and constitutively express the neurokinin‐1 receptors that internalize this neurotoxin. Bilateral and longitudinally extensive intrahippocampal microinjections of SSP‐saporin caused no obvious behavioral effects for several days. However, starting ~4 days postinjection, rats exhibited episodes of immobilization, abnormal flurries of “wet‐dog” shakes, and brief focal motor seizures characterized by facial automatisms and forepaw clonus. These clinically subtle behaviors stopped after ~4 days. Convulsive status epilepticus did not develop, and no deaths occurred. Months later, chronically implanted rats exhibited spontaneous focal motor seizures and extreme hippocampal sclerosis. These data suggest that hippocampal GABAergic dysfunction is epileptogenic and can produce the defining features of cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Intra‐industry bankruptcy contagion: Evidence from the pricing of industry recovery rates
Authors: Chang Yuanchen , Hsieh Yi‐Ting , Liu Wenchien , Miu Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHow does bankruptcy contagion propagate among industry peers? We study the debt recovery channel of industry contagion by examining whether the cost of a company's debt is affected by the observed recovery rates of its bankrupt industry peers. Our results show that lower industry recovery rates are associated with higher loan spreads, but only when the contracts were originated during industry bankruptcy waves. Consistent with the debt recovery channel of industry contagion, we find that the negative effects of industry recovery rates are significantly stronger under situations where the effect is expected to be more salient.
Suspected hepatic amyloidosis in a horse
Authors: Dias Moreira A. S. , Dreyfus J. M. , Peek S. F. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryA 9‐year‐old Saddlebred gelding was referred to the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Care for decreased energy levels, weight loss, persistently elevated liver enzymes, hyperglobulinaemia and leukocytosis. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a large volume of peritoneal fluid of mixed echogenicity, and the presence of focally distributed, circular to oval (approximately 1–2 cm), hyperechoic areas within the parenchyma of an enlarged liver. Cytological analysis of the peritoneal fluid revealed sterile neutrophilic/macrophagic inflammation, with haemosiderophages. A liver biopsy confirmed the presence of hepatic amyloidosis and focal fibrosis. Medical therapy with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole for 30 days and long‐term dexamethasone was associated with both a clinical and biochemical response for 7 months, at which time the horse died from presumed hepatic rupture. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing potential successful management of hepatic amyloidosis in a horse.
The effects of rider size and saddle fit for horse and rider on forces and pressure distribution under saddles: A pilot study
Authors: Roost L. , Ellis A. D. , Morris C. , Bondi A. , Gandy E. A. , Harris P. , Dyson S. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThere is limited scientific evidence concerning the effect of rider weight on pressures under the saddle and equine performance. The objective of this prospective, crossover, randomised trial was to assess pressure distribution and magnitude in horses ridden by four riders of similar ability but differing in bodyweight and height. Six horses in regular work were ridden by four riders (rider bodyweight: horse body weight percentage > 10 ≤ 12 [L = Light], > 12 ≤ 15 [M = Moderate], > 15 ≤ 18 [H = Heavy] and > 20 [VH = Very Heavy]), performing a purpose‐designed dressage test (30 min). The test was abandoned for ≥ grade 3/8 lameness or ≥ 10 behavioural markers (assessed in real‐time). A calibrated force mat (Pliance) was used to record pressures under the saddle in walk, trot and canter on left and right reins. Rider position was assessed. All 13 H and VH tests and one of 12 M rider tests were abandoned (lameness, n = 12; behaviour, n = 1). At walk, the seat of riderVHextended beyond the cantle of the saddle; rider H sat on the cantle of the saddle. At trot and canter the heels of riderVHwere consistently cranial to the tubera coxae and shoulders. Pressures were significantly higher under the caudal aspect of the saddle compared with cranially for riderVHin walk (P<0.05, ANOVA, Bonferroni). At rising trot pressures were higher cranially for riders L, M and H (P<0.05, ANOVA, Bonferroni), but were similar cranially and caudally for riderVH. The highest maximum peak pressure was recorded for riderVHin canter. A limitation was that speed can alter pressure measurements, but was not controlled or recorded. We concluded that there were differences in magnitude and distribution of pressures among the four riders according to their size, which may have contributed to the development of musculoskeletal pain. This may also have been influenced by saddle fit for riders and their positions.
Ecology of sound communication in fishes
Authors: Ladich Friedrich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFishes communicate acoustically under ecological constraints which may modify or hinder signal transmission and detection and may also be risky. This makes it important to know if and to what degree fishes can modify acoustic signalling when key ecological factors—predation pressure, noise and ambient temperature—vary. This paper reviews short‐time effects of the first two factors; the third has been reviewed recently (Ladich, ). Numerous studies have investigated the effects of predators on fish behaviour, but only a few report changes in calling activity when hearing predator calls as demonstrated when fish responded to played‐back dolphin sounds. Furthermore, swimming sounds of schooling fish may affect predators. Our knowledge on adaptations to natural changes in ambient noise, for example caused by wind or migration between quiet and noisier habitats, is limited. Hearing abilities decrease when ambient noise levels increase (termed masking), in particular in taxa possessing enhanced hearing abilities. High natural and anthropogenic noise regimes, for example vessel noise, alter calling activity in the field and laboratory. Increases in sound pressure levels (Lombard effect) and altered temporal call patterns were also observed, but no switches to higher sound frequencies. In summary, effects of predator calls and noise on sound communication are described in fishes, yet sparsely in contrast to songbirds or whales. Major gaps in our knowledge on potential negative effects of noise on acoustic communication call for more detailed investigation because fishes are keystone species in many aquatic habitats and constitute a major source of protein for humans.
Age‐induced oxidative stress impairs adipogenesis and thermogenesis in brown fat
Authors: Cui Xianwei , Xiao Wen , You Lianghui , Zhang Fan , Cao Xinguo , Feng Jie , Shen Dan , Li Yun , Wang Yan , Ji Chenbo , Guo Xirong 
Published: April 2019

It is well‐established that the mass and function of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) declines with age. A key factor involved in age‐related impairment of BAT is oxidative stress; however, there is a paucity of studies to date that have explored this relationship. Here, we characterized the age‐related molecular and functional alterations in BAT in vivo in mice of different ages, and treated human brown adipocytes with H2O2 to dissect the direct effect of oxidative stress in vitro. We further explored the structural and functional changes in BAT in an oxidative stress‐induced mouse model of aging. We found that the progressive deterioration of BAT was linked to oxidative stress, and observed that the adipogenesis and thermogenic program were significantly impaired upon H2O2 treatment in vitro. Moreover, antioxidant supplementation (e.g., vitamin E) attenuated oxidative stress and rescued BAT activity decline, suggesting that age‐related injury in BAT function can be partly alleviated by antioxidant treatment. Finally, we found that oxidative stress‐induced BAT dysfunction is linked to the enhancement of autophagy. These results point to oxidative stress as being an important factor in age‐dependent functional impairment of BAT.
Oligopolistic suppliers, symbiotic value chains and workers' bargaining power: labour contestation in South China at an ascendant global footwear firm
Authors: KUMAR ASHOK 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this article, I analyse changes in the power relationship between lead firms, manufacturers and workers by examining a strike that took place in South China in 2014 among workers at the Taiwanese footwear giant, Yue Yuen. In the process, I demonstrate that there is a link between increased labour costs, capital consolidation and greater value capture at the bottom of the global supply chain. I argue that footwear value chains are seeing a falling level of monopsony power and the emergence of enormous oligopolistic suppliers, which are transforming the power imbalances of global supply chains towards a more mutually dependent ‘buyer–producer symbiosis’. The Yue Yuen strike shows a maturing industrial working class, facing pressures on social reproduction in China, adapting its bargaining strategies vis‐à‐vis the developmental state. Influxes of profit raise the ceiling for what can be demanded of employers, stimulating those same employers to pursue more aggressive means of holding onto their profits. The example of the Yue Yuen strike is an indicator of what are fundamental changes in the production process, dynamics within the value chain, and power and agency of workers in labour‐intensive production. The strike demonstrates that consolidation is playing a decisive role in shaping the power relationship between domestic manufacturers and transnational brands, which, in turn, is directly affecting the bargaining power of workers.
Influence of core‐shell structure on the cure depth in photopolymerizable alumina dispersion
Authors: Wieclaw‐Midor Anna , Falkowski Pawel , Szafran Mikolaj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe heterogeneous nucleation‐and‐growth processing was used to obtain core‐shell particles based on alpha alumina core with silica layer. Presence of silica shell was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurement. The coverage of aluminum oxide surface by SiO2 improved a cure of the depth of photopolymerizable ceramic dispersion around 20%. The proposed surface modification enables the production of thicker cured layer which is favorable for additive manufacturing methods such as stereolithography. Thus, the number of layers that have to be printed to form the 3D object might significantly decrease, thereby reducing time and costs of fabrication.
Silica‐based ceramic core for aviation applications: Facile pore filling and flexural strength improvement
Authors: Chen Xiao , Han Jiqing , Zhang Wu , Zhang Li , Liu Chunming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of alumina addition on the pore filling process, crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of silica‐based ceramic cores was investigated. The sintered samples at 1250°C were treated at 1550°C for 0.5 hour in order to simulate a casting process condition. The microstructure analysis indicated that an appropriate alumina addition enhanced the pore filling process by supplying a substantial liquid viscous flow. With an increase in the liquid viscous flow, smaller pores were filled first, and larger pores were filled later. The results also indicated that the pore filling process could be enhanced by adding small powder additives to decrease the pore size between the particles in the ceramic material. However, an excessive alumina addition in the silica‐based ceramic cores had a negative effect on the flexural strength and leaching rate. As the alumina content increased from 8 to 12 wt%, the flexural strength of the ceramic core decreased from 16.37 to 4.60 MPa, respectively, and the leaching rate also decreased obviously. These results were explained by an acceleration in crystallization trend of the fused silica particle surface and the merging of connected pores in the sintered body.
Association of antioxidants and vitamin D level with inflammation in children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Daniluk Urszula , Filimoniuk Aleksandra , Kowalczuk‐Krystoń Monika , Alifier Marek , Karpińska Joanna , Kaczmarski Maciej G. , Lebensztejn Dariusz M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundChanging the resources of vitamin D and antioxidant nutrients may affect the course of allergic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between CoQ10, vitamin D, retinol, andα‐tocopherol serum levels and severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.MethodsTwenty‐nine children withADaged from 1 to 15 years were enrolled into the study. The severity ofADwas categorized into mild or moderate (≤50 points inSCORAD– Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index) and severe (>50SCORADpoints). The control group was comprised of 22 children with negative history of allergy aged from 2 to 15. The serum measurements included vitamin D, retinol,α‐tocopherol, CoQ10, C‐reactive protein (CRP), complete blood count (CBC), and total immunoglobulin E (IgE).ResultsLow vitamin D concentration (<20 ng/ml) was observed mainly in patients with severeAD(77.8%), compared to children with mild or moderateAD(25%) or the control group (31.8%). Concentration of retinol was decreased significantly in patients with severeAD(median 1.32 μmol/l), compared to children with mild and moderateAD(median 1.66 μmol/l), but not to the control. Among inflammatory markers, only the group with severeADdemonstrated significantly elevated platelet count (PLT), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), and eosinophil count (EO). Retinol level correlated withPLT(R = −0.7;P = 0.003), white blood count (WBC) (R = −0.54;P = 0.01), total IgE (R = −0.51;P = 0.016), mean platelet volume (MPV) (R = 0.51;P = 0.02), and also with a disease severity index,SCORAD(R = −0.55;P = 0.007), whereas vitamin D level correlated only withMPV(R = 0.61;P = 0.003). No significant changes were found in tocopherol and CoQ10 levels between groups.ConclusionsChildren withADshould be routinely tested for vitamin D deficiency, especially during disease exacerbation. Our results confirmed correlation of serum inflammatory markers with decreased concentration of vitamin A in children withAD. This finding, however, might be an effect of severe stage of disease and not only of inadequate intake of retinol in the diet.