bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genotyping for predicting liver injury marker, procollagen III in persons at risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Grove Jane I. , Thiagarajan Prarthana , Astbury Stuart , Harris Rebecca , Delahooke Toby , Guha I. Neil , Aithal Guruprasad P. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic liver disease presents a major global public health challenge. Stratification of asymptomatic, at‐risk patients in primary care using non‐invasive methods has the potential to address this by identifying those likely to progress. We, therefore, evaluated variant alleles at loci associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease as genetic determinants of substantial liver injury in patients with disease risk factors.MethodsLevels of serum procollagen III (PIIINP), an established fibrosis and steatohepatitis marker, were determined in 467 people who had type 2 diabetes and/or BMI > 27.3 (identified from registration with general practitioners) in this observational cross‐sectional study. Patients were genotyped for characterised risk alleles in PNPLA3 (rs738409), GCKR (rs1260326) and TM6SF2 (rs58542926) and associations with PIIINP assessed.ResultsThe risk alleles in PNPLA3, GCKR or TM6SF2 were not found to be individually associated with the presence of a disease risk factor and were not significantly more common in patients with raised serum PIIINP. The prevalence of possession of both PNPLA3 and GCKR variant alleles combined was significantly higher in at‐risk patients with clinically significant liver disease indicated by serum PIIINP above 11 ng/mL (P = .014).ConclusionsGenotyping, therefore, has limited value for predicting severe liver disease in at‐risk individuals identified in a community setting.
Design and implementation of a health systems strengthening approach to improve health and nutrition of pregnant women and newborns in Ethiopia, Kenya, Niger, and Senegal
Authors: Kung'u Jacqueline K. , Ndiaye Banda , Ndedda Crispin , Mamo Girma , Ndiaye Mame Bineta , Pendame Richard , Neufeld Lynnette , Mwitari James , Desta Hentsa Haddush , Diop Marietou , Doudou Maimouna , De‐Regil Luz Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMaternal and neonatal mortality are unacceptably high in developing countries. Essential nutrition interventions contribute to reducing this mortality burden, although nutrition is poorly integrated into health systems. Universal health coverage is an essential prerequisite to decreasing mortality indices. However, provision and utilization of nutrition and health services for pregnant women and their newborns are poor and the potential for improvement is limited where health systems are weak. The Community‐Based Maternal and Neonatal Health and Nutrition project was established as a set of demonstration projects in 4 countries in Africa with varied health system contexts where there were barriers to safe maternal health care at individual, community and facility levels. We selected project designs based on the need, context, and policies under consideration. A theory driven approach to programme implementation and evaluation was used involving developing of contextual project logic models that linked inputs to address gaps in quality and uptake of antenatal care; essential nutrition actions in antenatal care, delivery, and postnatal care; delivery with skilled and trained birth attendant; and postnatal care to outcomes related to improvements in maternal health service utilization and reduction in maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Routine monitoring and impact evaluations were included in the design. The objective of this paper is to describe the rationale and methods used in setting up a multi‐country study that aimed at designing the key maternal and neonatal health interventions and identifying indicators related to inputs, outcomes, and impact that were measured to track change associated with our interventions.
Ericoid plant species and Pinus sylvestris shape fungal communities in their roots and surrounding soil
Authors: Sietiö Outi‐Maaria , Tuomivirta Tero , Santalahti Minna , Kiheri Heikki , Timonen Sari , Sun Hui , Fritze Hannu , Heinonsalo Jussi 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Root‐colonizing fungi can form mycorrhizal or endophytic associations with plant roots, the type of association depending on the host. We investigated the differences and similarities of the fungal communities of three boreal ericoid plants and one coniferous tree, and identified the community structure of fungi utilizing photosynthates from the plants studied.

The fungal communities of roots and soils of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea, Calluna vulgaris and Pinus sylvestris were studied in an 18‐month‐long experiment where the plants were grown individually in natural substrate. Photosynthates utilizing fungi were detected with DNA stable‐isotope probing using 13CO2 (13C‐DNA‐SIP).

The results indicated that the plants studied provide different ecological niches preferred by different fungal species. Those fungi which dominated the community in washed roots had also the highest 13C‐uptake. In addition, a common root endophyte without confirmed mycorrhizal status also obtained 13C from all the plants, indicating close plant‐association of this fungal species.

We detect several fungal species inhabiting the roots of both ericoid mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal plants. Our results highlight that the ecological role of co‐occurrence of fungi with different life styles (e.g. mycorrhizal or endophytic) in plant root systems should be further investigated.
Assessment of sella turcica area and skeletal maturation patterns of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate
Authors: Cesur E. , Altug A. T. , Toygar‐Memikoglu U. , Gumru‐Celikel D. , Tagrikulu B. , Erbay E. 
Published: March 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this case‐control study was to assess sella turcica area and skeletal maturity in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and compare with those of non‐cleft children.Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 85 UCLP patients aged 7.5‐17.08 years (Group 1: age 7‐11 years, Group 2: age 11‐14 years and Group 3: age 14‐18 years) were compared with 85 control subjects without clefts who were divided into similar age groups.Materials and MethodsHand‐wrist radiographs and cervical vertebra maturation stages (CVMS) were used to evaluate growth. Lateral cephalograms were traced, and reference points of sella were determined. Sella turcica area was measured using a digital planimeter.ResultsComparison of overall growth on hand‐wrist radiographs revealed no significant difference between cleft and non‐cleft subjects. However, according to the chronological age groups, Group 1‐UCLP showed statistically significant delay in skeletal maturation when compared with the age‐matched control subjects (P = .05). This difference was due to the delay among male subjects (P = .05). As for CVMS, more significant maturation delay was observed in Group 1‐UCLP (P = .001) and was attributable to both male and female subjects (P = .05). Comparison of sella turcica area showed no significant difference between UCLP patients and controls.ConclusionAlthough children with CLP showed significant delay in growth when they are younger compared with the non‐cleft children, sella turcica area measurements were similar for individuals in both groups.
Phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)‐related overgrowth spectrum: A brief report
Authors: Denorme Pieter , Morren Marie‐Anne , Hollants Silke , Spaepen Marijke , Suaer Kate , Zutterman Nele , Labarque Veerle , Legius Eric , Brems Hilde 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA patient with extensive multisystem overgrowth caused by a somatic gain of function PIK3CA‐mutation is described. This case is an example of the clinical diversity of the PIK3CA‐Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS) as the patient had overlapping features of Congenital Lipomatous Overgrowth Vascular malformations Epidermal nevi and Skeletal abnormalities (CLOVES) syndrome and Megalencephaly‐Capillary malformation Polymicrogyria (MCAP) syndrome and underlines the utility of this umbrella term.
Crown lengthening and restorative procedures in the esthetic zone
Authors: Marzadori Matteo , Stefanini Martina , Sangiorgi Matteo , Mounssif Ilham , Monaco Carlo , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCrown lengthening is one of the most common surgical procedures in periodontal practice. Its indications include subgingival caries, crown or root fractures, altered passive eruption, cervical root resorption and short clinical abutment, and its aim is to re‐establish the biologic width in a more apical position. While the procedure in posterior areas of the dentition has been thoroughly investigated, crown lengthening performed for esthetic reasons in the anterior areas is still a matter of debate and an evidence‐based technique is not available. This paper provides accurate descriptions of the surgical and restorative phases of the esthetic crown‐lengthening procedure by answering the following questions: what is the ideal surgical flap design? how much supporting bone should be removed? how should the position of the flap margin relate to the alveolar bone at surgical closure? and how should the healing phase be managed in relation to the timing and the position of the provisional restoration with respect to the gingival margin?
Soft‐tissue augmentation procedures in edentulous esthetic areas
Authors: Marzadori Matteo , Stefanini Martina , Mazzotti Claudio , Ganz Sabrina , Sharma Praveen , Zucchelli Giovanni 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLoss of dentition leads to functional and esthetic challenges that are determined by the anatomic features of the edentulous area. These features can complicate the prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients, especially in situations where optimal esthetic outcomes are desired. For these reasons, reconstructive plastic surgery procedures, aimed at restoring the alveolar ridge to its former dimensions, have become of great clinical interest. These reconstructive plastic surgery procedures frequently involve soft‐tissue augmentation, performed to improve the quality and quantity of mucogingival tissue with the aim to achieve an ideal esthetic result. This review will focus on the description and expected outcomes of different surgical techniques for soft‐tissue augmentation in edentulous areas, as described in the literature. Although more information from a larger number of studies and randomized controlled clinical trials is needed, it is possible to draw some conclusions, namely: pouch procedures are the first choice for soft‐tissue augmentation, especially in high‐demand esthetic areas; roll techniques are possible in shallow buccolingual soft‐tissue augmentations; and onlay, inlay and combination grafts are less suitable for soft‐tissue augmentation because of their poor esthetic results.
The ecosystem approach to aquaculture 10 years on – a critical review and consideration of its future role in blue growth
Authors: Brugère Cecile , Aguilar‐Manjarrez José , Beveridge Malcolm C. M. , Soto Doris 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOver a decade ago, the ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA) emerged from discussions between the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and international aquaculture experts on how to move aquaculture development towards greater sustainability. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the use and mainstreaming of the EAA in aquaculture development to date and consider its possible evolution in the next decade. We systematically searched citations of key EAA publications in the academic and related literature for the period 2007–2016 and analysed all relevant FAO publications and project documents. We assessed the lessons learnt from the past decade of EAA experiences, the opportunities the EAA has created and the links between the EAA and the new development agenda. Our review suggests that mainstreaming the EAA in planning processes has raised awareness of the usefulness of holistic and participatory approaches in aquaculture and helped to steer the sector towards greater sustainability. However, the approach has had varying degrees of resonance and uptake with different user groups. The emphasis on spatial planning that has developed as part of the EAA implementation efforts, and close links between the EAA and initiatives such as ‘blue growth’, constitute significant opportunities for the future of the approach, although its ability to tackle increasingly complex governance issues may be limited. Thus, it is now opportune to reconsider the EAA's raison d’être, taking into account ongoing developments within and outside the aquaculture sector.
Beyond the cool pose: Black men and emotion management strategies
Authors: Jackson Brandon A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis review presents an overview of research on qualitative work that has documented emotion management strategies among Black men. I emphasize qualitative work here as it gives us insight into the processes that account for particular strategies. Research on Black men and emotions has focused on their class‐based experiences, as either lower SES working‐class or poor Black men in settings concentrated by people of color or higher SES middle‐class Black men in White‐dominated spaces. Within these two class positions, Black men adopt emotion management strategies for both the frontstage and backstage meant to best navigate their surroundings. This research emphasizes that Black men's emotional strategies are often a reaction to larger systems that oppress and discriminate against their race and gender status.
Vacuolar Protein Sorting 26C encodes an evolutionarily conserved large retromer subunit in eukaryotes that is important for root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jha Suryatapa Ghosh , Larson Emily R. , Humble Jordan , Domozych David S. , Barrington David S. , Tierney Mary L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe large retromer complex participates in diverse endosomal trafficking pathways and is essential for plant developmental programs, including cell polarity, programmed cell death and shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis. Here we demonstrate that an evolutionarily conserved VPS26 protein (VPS26C; At1G48550) functions in a complex with VPS35A and VPS29 necessary for root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that VPS26C forms a complex with VPS35A in the presence of VPS29, and this is supported by genetic studies showing that vps29 and vps35a mutants exhibit altered root hair growth. Genetic analysis also demonstrated an interaction between a VPS26C trafficking pathway and one involving the SNARE VTI13. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that VPS26C, with the notable exception of grasses, has been maintained in the genomes of most major plant clades since its evolution at the base of eukaryotes. To test the model that VPS26C orthologs in animal and plant species share a conserved function, we generated transgenic lines expressing GFP fused with the VPS26C human ortholog (HsDSCR3) in a vps26c background. These studies illustrate that GFP‐HsDSCR3 is able to complement the vps26c root hair phenotype in Arabidopsis, indicating a deep conservation of cellular function for this large retromer subunit across plant and animal kingdoms.
Evaluation of transconjunctival thermal electrocautery for treatment of canine distichiasis: 88 eyelids (2013‐2016)
Authors: Zimmerman Kelli L , Reinstein Shelby L 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a successful, simple treatment for canine distichiasis.Animals studiedClient‐owned dogs presenting to Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Levittown, Pennsylvania.ProcedureRetrospective analysis of medical records for canine patients that underwent transconjunctival thermal electrocautery treatment (TCEC) for distichiasis alone or with concurrent eyelid surgery between 2013 and 2016. Fifty eyes of 26 dogs (n = 88 eyelids) were included in the study. Sixty‐five eyelids (74%) were treated for distichia only, while 23 eyelids (26%) underwent concurrent eyelid surgery. Successful treatment was defined as resolution of clinical signs attributable to distichiasis. Forty‐eight of 50 eyes (96%) were successfully treated with a single TCEC treatment (mean follow‐up 187 ± 222 days). Sixty‐one of 88 eyelids (69%) had no distichia at any follow‐up time. Twenty‐two eyelids (25%) had recurrence at or near a previously treated site (mean 150 ± 152 days). Of the eyes with recurrent distichia, all but 2 (91%) remained asymptomatic, requiring no further treatment. One dog with extensive TCEC treatment had significant recurrence on all eyelids requiring retreatment that resulted in focal entropion of 1 eyelid. Transient eyelid margin pigment loss and mild‐to‐moderate eyelid swelling were noted in all treated eyelids postoperatively. Suspected treatment site infection occurred 2 days postoperatively in 2/50 eyes (4%) of 1 patient. Two of 10 eyes (20%) with extensive eyelid treatment developed qualitative tear film deficiency OU (554 days postoperatively) and responded to topical tear stimulant therapy.ConclusionTCEC is a successful, simple treatment for canine distichiasis.
Evolution of alluvial mudrock forced by early land plants
Authors: McMahon William J. , Davies Neil S. 
Published: March 2018

Mudrocks get a vegetative assist
Mudrocks such as slate and shale are rarely found in stratigraphy older than about 500 million years. McMahon and Davies compiled a large database of mudrock occurrence over the past 3.5 billion years to help assess the origin of this ubiquitous rock type (see the Perspective by Fischer). Mudrocks appeared at the same time as did deep-rooted land plants. The interplay between plants and sedimentary rocks suggests that a change in erosion rate and the chemistry of sediments delivered to the oceans occurred around 500 million years ago.

Science, this issue
p.
1022
; see also p.
994
Incomplete host immunity favors the evolution of virulence in an emergent pathogen
Authors: Fleming-Davies Arietta E. , Williams Paul D. , Dhondt André A. , Dobson Andrew P. , Hochachka Wesley M. , Leon Ariel E. , Ley David H. , Osnas Erik E. , Hawley Dana M. 
Published: March 2018

Ratcheting up wild virulencePartially protective vaccination can sometimes select for increasingly virulent pathogens. Fleming-Davieset al.asked what happens in a natural system. In the United States, the house finch population is suffering an increasingly virulent epidemic caused byMycoplasma gallisepticum. The pathogen induces incomplete immunity that clears less virulent pathogens and offers partial protection against strains of greater virulence. In the birds, the partial immune response does away with competition from the less virulent pathogens. The partial immunity of the host also hinders replication of the more virulent pathogens enough to allow some birds to survive. This allows increasingly virulent forms of the pathogen to be transmitted.Science, this issue p.1030
Evidence for a neural law of effect
Authors: Athalye Vivek R. , Santos Fernando J. , Carmena Jose M. , Costa Rui M. 
Published: March 2018

How to select and shape neural activityWhen we learn a new skill or task, our movements are reinforced and shaped. Learning occurs because the neural activity patterns in the movement control–related brain regions that are rewarded are repeated. But how does this reinforcement work? Athalyeet al.developed a closed-loop self-stimulation paradigm in which a target motor cortical activity pattern resulted in the optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons. With training, mice learned to reenter specific neuronal activity patterns, which triggered self-stimulation and shaped their neural activity to be closer to the target pattern.Science, this issue p.1024
Evaluation of a PCR Method for Detection of Entamoeba polecki, with an Overview of Its Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Stensvold Christen Rune , Winiecka-Krusnell Jadwiga , Lier Tore , Lebbad Marianne 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Entamoeba
polecki
is a parasite of human and nonhuman primates, other mammals, and birds. Due to overlapping morphological features, cysts of
E. polecki
may be confused with those of other
Entamoeba
species commonly found in human fecal samples, including immature cysts of
Entamoeba histolytica
. Although the presence of
E. polecki
in human
Entamoeba
-positive stool samples may be rare, its prevalence is likely underestimated due to such confusion. Here, we give examples of diagnostic approaches applied so far and summarize data on the molecular epidemiology of
E. polecki
, including host specificity and phylogeography. Moreover, we evaluate a novel diagnostic conventional PCR developed for the screening of fecal samples for
E. polecki
. The assay was highly sensitive and specific when used on genomic DNA extracted directly from stool and Swedish wastewater samples. The PCR enabled the identification of all four subtypes (ST1 to ST4) of
E. polecki
by PCR product sequencing. Most (23/28) subtyped
E. polecki-
positive samples detected in patients in Sweden between 2002 and 2015 reflected colonization by ST4 and were seen in travelers/foreigners. Two and three human cases of ST2 and ST3, respectively, were also detected. Subtypes 1, 2, and 3 were detected in 3/21 wastewater samples, suggesting local endemicity of these
E. polecki
subtypes; interestingly, ST4 was not detected in wastewater. In conclusion, the current PCR assay enables simple and cost-effective screening of fecal and wastewater samples for
E. polecki
. Human cases of
E. polecki
appear to involve primarily ST4, while
E. polecki
detected in wastewater may be primarily of animal origin.