bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin D Iran α2A β222-Glu→Gln in Association With Thalassemia
Authors: Rohe Ronald A. , Sharma Vijay , Ranney Helen M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 25-yr-old Indian (Asiatic) woman investigated for a life-long anemia was found to have a hitherto undescribed structural hemoglobin variant α2Aβ222-glu→gln, which was found independently and designated Hb D Iran by Rahbar in members of a family from Iran. In the present case, Hb D Iran was found in association with high A2 thalassemia. The replacement of glutamic acid by glutamine at β 22 (helical residue B4) was demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography after automated Edman sequencing. This is the fourth substitution to be described at β 22; the previous substitutions were (1) G Coushatta (ala); (2) E Saskatoon (lys); (3) G Taipei (gly). Helical residue B4 is an external residue, does not participate in α-β or protein-heme contacts and hemoglobin D Iran resembles Hb A in visible spectra, O2 equilibria in dilute solutions and heat stability. Since the propositus and her mother who was also heterozygous for β thalassemia had similar degrees of anemia, no interaction between this variant and β thalassemia was evident. The presence of this Hb variant in Iranians and in Western Indians may reflect the migrations of populations in these areas centuries ago.
Pseudothrombocytopenia: Manifestation of a New Type of Platelet Agglutinin
Authors: Shreiner David P. , Bell William R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spuriously low electronic platelet counts were obtained on blood collected in EDTA from six patients. Platelet numbers on blood smears and electronic counts performed on blood collected in other anticoagulants were normal. Plasma or sera from these patients agglutinated homologous, as well as autologous platelets, in the presence of EDTA or DTPA, but agglutination did not occur in blood or platelet-rich plasma anticoagulated with heparin, oxalate, or citrate. Agglutination in the presence of EDTA was not inhibited by heparin, α-tocopherol, or N-ethylmaleimide, but was inhibitied by excess EDTA or divalent cation. The agglutinin was temperature independent in five of the six patients and had the physical and immunologic characteristics of a gamma globulin. The clinical significance and mechanism of EDTA-dependent agglutination of platelets is unknown.
Pancytopenia and Leukemia in Hodgkin’s Disease: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Weiden P. L. , Lerner K. G. , Gerdes A. , Heywood J. D. , Fefer A. , Thomas E. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Three patients with Hodgkin’s disease who developed severe pancytopenia terminating in acute leukemia (two patients) or preleukemia (one patient) are presented. Prior treatment consisted of radiation therapy alone in two patients, and radiation plus chemotherapy in the third. The only patient in whom chromosomal analysis was performed showed an abnormal chromosome. Therapeutic radiation exposure is thought to contribute to the development of leukemia in such patients. Leukemia is an uncommon complication of Hodgkin’s disease, but is being reported with increasing frequency. The rapid evolution of more aggressive modes of therapy makes it imperative that we seek more information regarding the incidence of this complication in order to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit for patients with Hodgkin’s disease.
Granulopoiesis in Neutropenic Disorders
Authors: Greenberg Peter L. , Schrier Stanley L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Owing to printers’ errors, the following errata appeared in the June 1973 issue of Blood (Vol. 41, No. 6).
"Granulopoiesis in Neutropenic Disorders" by Peter L. Greenberg and Stanley L. Schrier (pp. 753-769).
On page 753, line 3 of text, the footnote for reference I should be deleted and placed after the footnote at the bottom of the page that says "Presented in part at the American Society of Hematology Meeting, San Francisco, Calif., December 7, 1971."
On page 759, in the footnote to Table 4, third line, "22-cell" should read "200-cell."
On page 763, the second sentence of the first complete paragraph should read "CFC values could have been altered by processing causing cell selection."
Serial In Vitro Bone Marrow Culture in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Duttera M. J. , Bull J. M. , Northup J. D. , Henderson E. S. , Stashick E. D. , Carbone P. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serial in vitro bone marrow cultures have been done on eight patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Colony-forming activity shows a rapid recovery from low values into the normal range in all patients who achieved stable remissions. Mean values for the stimulated cultures remained stable throughout consolidation, whereas the mean values for the unstimulated cultures declined during the same period. Relapse in two patients was preceded or accompanied by a concomitant decline in colony growth. Colony forming activity appears to be inhibited in a nonlinear fashion by increasing numbers of leukemic cells.
Interacting Cell Populations Affecting Granulopoietic Colony Formation by Normal and Leukemic Human Marrow Cells
Authors: Messner H. A. , Till J. E. , McCulloch E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marrow from 28 nonleukemic individuals was separated by adherence to glass or plastic into nonadherent (NA) and adherent populations. The NA populations were found to be more dependent for colony formation in culture on added colonystimulating activity (CSA) than unseparated marrow suspensions, and therefore proved useful for CSA assays. Quantitative reconstitution procedures were used to assay CSA-producing cells. Either increasing numbers of irradiated unseparated marrow, or adherent cells derived from varying numbers of marrow cells, were used to restore colony-forming efficiency to NA populations. Assay procedures for CSA-producing cells were applied to four patients with acute leukemia prior to treatment. In all four instances, a defect in CSA-producing cells was demonstrated.
Granulocyte-Monocyte Colony-forming Capacity of Human Marrow: A Clinical Study
Authors: Craddock C. G. , Hays Esther F. , Forsén N. Rune , Rodensky Dona 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A modification of the in vitro culture of marrow cells in soft agar to form granulocyte-monocyte colonies has been applied to human marrow using a constant stimulus of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) in the form of pooled serum from endotoxin-treated C57BL mice (EMS). With this system reproducible increments in colony formation were observed between two concentrations of EMS. The results indicate that the incremental response to two doses of CSF (CSF response ratio) combined with an observation of the number of colonies formed provide a more reliable measurement of colony-forming cells (CFC) than colony counts at a single dose level of CSF. The CSF response ratio in 43 marrow cultures from 34 patients with no obvious disturbance in granulopoiesis was found to be 1.65 (± 0.17 SD). Hodgkin’s disease with normal marrow showed a mean CSF response ratio of 2.04. Two subjects recovering from drug-induced agranulocytosis showed increased CSF response at a time when the blood was still neutropenic and the marrow showed hyperplasia and immaturity of the granulocytic tissue. In contrast, patients with sustained neutropenia and impaired marrow granulopoiesis showed CSF response ratios of less than 1.65. CSF response ratios in chronic myelogenous leukemia averaged 1.72, often with extremely high numbers of colonies per plate. Patients with untreated acute leukemia and marrows replaced by blasts did not form colonies. However, with partial leukemic marrow replacement, lymphoblastic leukemia marrow formed more colonies than did that of myeloblastic leukemia.
The Interaction of Hemoglobin E With β Thalassemia: A Study of Hemoglobin Synthesis in a Family of Mixed Burmese and Iranian Origin
Authors: Feldman Robert , Rieder Ronald F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 5-yr-old girl with hemoglobin E-β thalassemia was discovered in a family of mixed origin. The father is Iranian (β-thalassemia trait) and the mother is Burmese (hemoglobin-E trait). Hemoglobin synthesis was studied in vitro in the blood of the proposita and family members. In the subjects with hemoglobin E trait the ratio of the quantity of hemoglobin A to hemoglobin E was 3:1. However. the βA/βE synthesis ratio in reticulocytes was in the range of 1.5-2.18, and the specific activity of βE was 31%-49% greater than βA, suggesting instability of hemoglobin E with preferential destruction of abnormal hemoglobin. The blood of the proposita exhibited only hemoglobin F and hemoglobin E and reticulocytes and bone marrow showed no βA synthesis. This Iranian β-thalassemia gene is therefore of the β° type. The βE/α synthesis ratio (approximately 0.74) in blood of the proposita was similar to the βA/α ratio in mildly affected relatives with thalassemia trait. These results suggest that the severity of the hemoglobin E-β thalassemia syndrome is attributable to both instability and defective synthesis of hemoglobin E in association with absent βA synthesis due to a β° thalassemia gene.
Sensitivity of Human and Murine Hemopoietic Precursor Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents Assessed in Cell Culture
Authors: Ogawa Makio , Bergsagel Daniel E. , McCulloch E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sensitivity of human and murine hemopoietic precursor cells to 1,3 bis (2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), nitrogen mustard, 5-fluorouracil, and melphalan was assessed in culture using colony assay techniques. The results indicate that human and murine hemopoietic cells may differ in their intrinsic sensitivity to drugs. The hematologic toxicity of some chemotherapeutic agents cannot be extrapolated directly from mouse to man.
Cyclic Hematopoiesis in Grey Collie Dogs: A Stem-Cell Problem
Authors: Patt Harvey M. , Lund John E. , Maloney Mary A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies were made to ascertain the possible basis of cyclic hematopoiesis in the grey collie. The results of 3H-thymidine and 59Fe labeling in conjunction with other marrow parameters and peripheral counts suggest that the regular periodicity of blood neutrophil and reticulocyte levels is caused by a defect at the stem-cell—marrow interface. It is postulated that the ebb and flow of hemic cell production in the grey collie reflects competition for a limiting number of pluripotential stem cells with the alternating competitive pressure provided by activation and deactivation of a neutrophil feedback circuit from periphery to stem cell. This mechanism can account for the characteristic 12-day periodicity and contributes to the phase difference in the cycling pattern of neutrophils relative to reticulocytes.
Effects of Cobalt on the Renal Erythropoietic Factor and Kidney Hydrolase Activity in the Rat
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Fisher James W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an experiment to determine the effects of cobalt on the renal erythropoietic factor and kidney hydrolase activity in the rat we obtained the following results: Cobalt produced significant increases in renal erythropoietic factor activity and plasma levels of erythropoietin which reached peak activity 12 hr after treatment. It also produced an increase in the activity of renal hydrolases, cathepsins A and B, which paralleled the increase in renal erythropoietic factor activity. Enzyme inhibitors which are specific for proteases, esterases, and metalloenzymes inhibited the activity of the renal erythropoietic factor in vitro. Polycythemic mice exposed to 7- and 8-day posthypoxic intervals still retained their ability to respond to in vitro generated erythropoietin when compared to mice treated on the fourth posthypoxic day. The erythropoietic activity generated by the light mitochondrial extract—normal rat serum (LME-NRS) reaction mixture was blocked by the antibody to erythropoietin. The relative concentrations of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (microsomes) and vesicles (lysosomes) were approximately the same in the light mitochondrial fractions of kidneys from normal and cobalt-treated rats. Marker enzyme studies revealed primarily alkaline phosphatase activity in the light mitochondrial fraction. These studies correlate with electron micrographs of the LME which indicate a fraction composed mainly of microsomes. In addition, these data suggest a possible relationship between renal lysosomal hydrolase activity and the renal erythropoietic factor (Erythrogenin).
Erythropoiesis in Carotid Body Resected Cats
Authors: Gillis D. B. , Mitchell R. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been reported that removal of carotid bodies in cats results in a brief, profuse reticulocytosis followed by depression to below-normal levels of reticulocytes and a progressively severe anemia. Injection of cat carotid body extract was reported to increase erythrocyte 59Fe incorporation in polycythemic rats. Other studies could find no hematological abnormality in humans after bilateral carotid body resection. We reexamined the effect of carotid body resection in the cat with serial bone marrow aspirations, hematocrit determination, and reticulocyte determination. T1/2 for plasma 59Fe removal, erythrocyte 59Fe incorporation, and 51Cr lifespan determinations were performed on five operated and three control cats. No significant differences were found. We conclude that the carotid body has no direct effect on erythropoiesis and that the anemia reported in a prior study was secondary to sepsis resulting from an indwelling femoral vein catheter.
Enhanced Binding of Neuraminidase-treated Sheep Erythrocytes to Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Weiner Michael S. , Bianco Celso , Nussenzweig Victor 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pretreatment of sheep erythrocytes with neuraminidase greatly enhances their specific binding and rosette formation with human T lymphocytes. Since the rosettes dissociate at 37°C, a method was developed to isolate human T lymphocytes with a high degree of purity and good recoveries. Trypsin treatment of E abolishes their binding to T lymphocytes. Trypsin-treated erythrocytes can be coated with antibody and complement components and used as a specific reagent to detect the C3 receptor on human B lymphocytes, avoiding the risk of an interaction between the erythrocytes and T lymphocytes.
Cell-mediated Immunity in Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia: Relationship to Host Factors, Therapy, and Prognosis
Authors: Greene William H. , Schimpff Stephen C. , Wiernik Peter H. , Betts Susan , Mayfield Joseph 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, either at initial presentation or in subsequent relapse, was determined among 64 patients by recall-antigen skin testing and in 37 patients by attempted sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Thirty (46.9%) of the 64 skin-test batteries displayed reactivity to at least one established antigen, and 17 (51.5%) of the 33 evaluable patients were successfully sensitized with DNCB. Twenty-six (78.8%) of the 33 patients tested with both DNCB and recall antigens reacted to either one or both. The leukemic patient’s subsequent prognosis, in terms of attainment of complete remission of his or her leukemia, duration of remission, and survival could not be correlated with the pretherapy demonstration of intact recall-antigen or DNCB cell-mediated immunity. Serial, rather than single, determinations of the state of delayed hypersensitivity may be more meaningful in terms of prognosis in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. However, increasing chemotherapeutic efficacy may obscure whatever contribution, if any, intact cell-mediated immunity makes to the eradication of malignancy.
Potential for Prolonged Disease-free Survival Following Combination Chemotherapy of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Authors: Schein Philip S. , Chabner Bruce A. , Canellos George P. , Young Robert C. , Berard Costan , DeVita Vincent T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The evaluation of the results of CVP and MOPP chemotherapy in 80 patients with advanced stages of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma indicates that 36 (45%) achieved a complete remission. Twenty-eight per cent of the entire group of patients remain free of disease for periods ranging from 4 mo to over 7 yr, with a projected median duration of complete remission of 3½ yr. Significant differences in prognosis relative to histologic categories were found. Well-differentiated and nodular histology were positive determinants for improved median survival, confirming the over-all clinical validity of the Rappaport classification system for the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. The median survival for patients in the most clinically aggressive subgroups with diffuse histology is inferior to those with nodular patterns or well-differentiated cells. In this study it was demonstrated that it was possible to achieve a significant number of complete remissions even in the most aggressive histologic subgroups using combination chemotherapy, and these responses can be correlated with an extended disease-free survival without further therapy.
Effects of Anticoagulants and Storage on Granulocyte Function in Bank Blood
Authors: McCullough Jeffrey , Carter Sandra J. , Quie Paul G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Storage of granulocytes for transfusion has not been practical because it has been considered that granulocyte function in bank blood is retained for only a few hours after collection. In the present study, granulocyte function was evaluated using the bactericidal assay and the quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) method. Granulocytes from whole blood collected into acid citrate dextrose (ACD), citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD), heparin, ion exchange, and sodium citrate anticoagulants showed no functional impairment after 24 hr of storage at 4°C. With further storage, all granulocytes showed a loss of NBT activity. However, after 48 and 72 hr, granulocytes from whole blood stored in ACD and CPD killed the expected number of bacteria in the bactericidal assay. Thus, when tested in vitro, granulocytes maintain normal function, at least during the first 24 hr after collection when stored in certain anticoagulants under standard blood bank conditions.
An Elution Procedure for Visualization of Adult Hemoglobins in Human Blood Smears
Authors: Kabat David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure is described for visualization of normal and mutant adult hemoglobins in human blood smears. After extraction of blood smears with a concentrated potassium phosphate buffer (2.76 M, pH 7.2), erythrocytes that had adult hemoglobins stained bright red with erythrosin, whereas cells that had only fetal hemoglobin appeared as clear ghosts. Analyses of cord blood from newborn infants indicate that, although most erythrocytes contain only Hb F and a few contain only Hb A, many contain both hemoglobins A and F.
G-6-PD Manchester: A New Variant Associated With Chronic Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Milner Gillian , Delamore Irvine W. , Yoshida Akira 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) designated G-6-PD Manchester, and associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia, was found in an English male. The electrophoretic mobility at pH 7.0 of this G-6-PD variant is the slowest yet described. Substrate specificity is normal but enzyme activity is markedly inhibited by NADPH, and this is thought to account for the severe chronic hemolysis.
The Plasminogen Activator of Vampire Bat Saliva
Authors: Cartwright Terence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A procedure is described for the production of a highly active plasminogen activator (desmokinase) from the saliva of the vampire bat using gel filtration on Biogel A 0.5 m followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Investigations using specific inhibitors indicated that desmokinase was probably a specific protease similar in some respect to urokinase. Desmokinase was not, however, able to activate plasminogen in solution, and it is postulated that this could be due to a requirement for a fibrin surface for activation to proceed. Desmokinase seems to be more effective than either urokinase or streptokinase in the lysis of preformed blood clots. This property may be explicable in terms of greater affinity of desmokinase for fibrin.
In Vitro Growth of Granulocytic Colonies From Circulating Cells in Human Cord Blood
Authors: Knudtzon Søren 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood cells from 26 newborn infants and peripheral blood cells from 18 adults were cultured in vitro by using the agar-gel method of human hemopoietic cell culture. An increased concentration of colony-forming cells was seen in the cord blood cultures. Between 17 and 385 colonies, with a mean of 122, were formed in these cultures per 2 x 105 nucleated cells plated. The peripheral blood cell cultures from adults gave rise to 0-11 colonies, with a mean of 3, per 2 x 105 nucleated cells plated. The average number of cells per colony was 1000-1500 cells after 14 days of culture, predominantly granulocytic.
Cyclical Granulopoiesis in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia: A Simulation Study
Authors: Wheldon T. E. , Kirk J. , Finlay Helen M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There exists ample evidence that granulopoiesis is an actively controlled process. The observation of cyclical granulopoiesis in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) suggests that control is deranged rather than abolished in this disorder. Analysis of the kinetics of granulopoiesis in CGL may provide some insight into the nature of the derangement. To facilitate analysis, a mathematical model of the granulopoietic control system is proposed and examined using computer simulation. With model parameters initially chosen to represent normal granulopoiesis, the minimal changes necessary to represent granulopoiesis in CGL were investigated. This analysis indicates that two separate changes seem to be required: (1) the granulocyte maturation time must be increased and (2) the precursor input to the granulocytic pathway of development must also be increased. A causal association between delayed maturation and rising precursor input is suggested, and some possible mechanisms of association are proposed.
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Deficiency in Erythrocyte Membranes: Biophysical and Biochemical Correlates
Authors: Chien Shu , Cooper George W. , Jan Kung-ming , Miller Louis H. , Howe Calderon , Usami Shunichi , Lalezari Parviz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electrochemical and rheologic behaviors of red blood cells (RBCs) from a patient with acquired polyagglutinability were studied. The N-acetylneuraminic acid content of the RBCs averaged less than one-half normal. The majority of the patient’s RBCs (over 90%) showed a reduction in electrophoretic mobility and a decrease in binding of positively charged colloid with a widening of the charge-free areas, but a small population exhibited normal surface charge density. Dextran 40, which does not induce significant aggregation of normal RBCs, caused the patient’s RBCs to form rouleaux. Dextran 80 induced a stronger aggregation of the patient’s RBCs than that of normal RBCs. The increased tendency of the patient’s RBCs to be aggregated by macromolecules was associated with an elevation of blood viscosity. This study on a clinical patient has provided evidence for the conclusions previously derived from experimental studies that the stability of RBC aggregation depends upon a balance between macromolecular bridging force and electrostatic repulsive force and that alterations in RBC surface charge may affect cell aggregation and blood viscosity.