bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre anticonceptivos de adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam. Taisha. Morona Santiago Ecuador 2017.
Authors: Rodas Mosquera Juan Enrique , Cobos Tobar Juana Karina , Villota Verdugo Laura Carolina 
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación consideró determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre anticonceptivos de los adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam. Taisha Morona Santiago. Ecuador 2017. El tipo de investigación fue cuantitativo descriptivo, el universo estuvo conformado por 71 adolescentes de la etnia Shuar de la Comunidad de Shinkiatam; para la recolección de datos se aplicó una encuesta validada por la Universidad Autónoma de Nicaragua y modificada de acuerdo a las condiciones del presente estudio, el procesamiento de datos se realizó con el programa SPSS versión 21, frecuencias y porcentajes fueron utilizados como estadísticos y la presentación de datos se hizo a través detablas en correspondencia con los objetivos. Los resultados evidenciaron que cerca del 60% de adolescentes iniciaron su vida sexual, el 80% no utilizó protección en su primera relación; la fuente de información sobre anticonceptivos fue a través del colegio; la mayoría de los adolescentes tienen conocimientos regulares sobre conceptos, reacciones adversas, ventajas, desventajas, accesibilidad y conocimientos malos sobre el modo de uso de anticonceptivos; el 56,34% tiene actitudes favorables y el 57,5% tienen malas prácticas. Conclusión Es primordial mejorar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los adolescentes sobre el uso adecuado de anticonceptivos para evitar problemas futuros
Cuantificación de efluentes de aguas residuales del Camal Frigorífico Riobamba
Authors: Borja Danielita , Salazar Llangarí Karina , Brito Moina Hannibal 
Published: June 2019

La determinación del flujo de efuente de las aguas residuales generadas en los procesos de faenamiento de ganado porcino, bovino y ovino realizado en el Camal Frigorífico Riobamba, mediante el empleo de técnicas para la recolección de muestras y métodos de laboratorio para su análisis, técnicas de medición de caudales en conductos abiertos, cerrados se evalúa la cantidad y calidad de agua residual producida. Los reportes de la caracterización indican que en el agua residual de cada proceso, los parámetros Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno (DBO5) y tensoactivos se encuentra comúnmente fuera del límite permisible según los lineamientos de la normativa ambiental del Acuerdo Ministerial 097A, la determinación de caudales de descarga a su vez reporta valores máximos de 22,95 m3/h y mínimos de 5,17 m3/h, la relación entre el consumo de agua y el tamaño del animal se ven reflejados en valores promedios de 0,26 m3 para porcinos, 0,67 m3 bovino y 0,17 m3 ovinos. Este departamento municipal maneja gran cantidad del recurso hídrico por lo que la generación de agua residual se atribuye a los requerimientos propios del proceso y al desperdicio ocasionado por el mal uso y manejo de las instalaciones, además la presencia de sangre, estiércol y grasas afectan la calidad de las mismas.
Old Home and Caring Elderly Population: Need or Dilemma
Authors: Islam Sharmin , Rahman Aminur , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al , Mamun Abdullah Al , Khondoker Md Fahmid Uddin 
Published: June 2019

Background: Number of elderly population is growing very faster all over the world. This growth in elderly population relative to other age groups challenges mostly the existing health services, family relationships and social security. In this article we tried to address the gravity of the issue at family, social and national level. We also examined the parents care scenario in Western World and Asian societies.
Observations and conclusions: Our observations revealed that old people from both West and Asia are interested to stay in their home with their children and grandchildren. This is a way to transmit there real life experience to their third generation (grand children) which, however, is very essential for the emotional, humane and psychological development of our future generation of the World. The present day capitalistic attitude is eroding the emotion and affection to the old and a big number of then end up in West and although smaller in Asian countries, but showed increasing trend, end up old homes. There are, however, situations where facilities needed for care of older people who lost their children and sometimes ailing people in native countries where their children living or settled aboard. Taking into consideration of the growing issue and empathic care of those facilities in such situations run following guidelines and ethical rules.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.453-457
Transient Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion (tBCCAO) of Rats as a Model of Global Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Handayani Ety Sari , Susilowati Rina , Setyopranoto Ismail , Partadiredja Ginus 
Published: June 2019

Background: Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO) has been performed in rats as a model of global ischemia. However, the technique varied between laboratories and produced difficulties in the comparison of results. Variations such as rat strain, age, ischemic and reperfusion duration could affect the results. This review aims to provide a general overview of the variation of animal strains, duration of tBCCAO, reported cerebral ischemic area produced by tBCCAO, use of TTC staining for measurement of volume of brain ischemia and functional neurological tests.
Method: The data of this review were obtained from abstracts in PubMed database and Google Scholars and were not limited by publication time. Keywords used to search the abstracts were (BCCAO OR “bilateral common carotid artery occlusion” OR “stroke” OR “cerebral ischemia” OR “brain ischemia”) AND (rat OR rats). The research method of each study was identified from the collected abstracts. The abstracts were chosen for further study on the basis that they met the inclusion criteria which were English language articles; original research article; animal model used were adolescent, adult, and elderly rats; ischemic finding in rats’ cerebrum by BCCAO technique was presented; ischemic size were assessed and the result was described; studies that had control group; and studies that induced transient global ischemic to the rats’ cerebrum. Data that were extracted to the datasheet were references; animal model strain; ischemic duration; reperfusion duration; ischemic area; 2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining; Cavalieri method; and rats’ neurological functional tests.
Results and Conclusions: There were differences in the ischemic area between Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats after transient BCCAO. There were differences in the TTC staining solution concentration that was used to identify ischemic area of the brain following transient BCCAO. There was a very limited number of studies using Cavalieri method for the quantification of ischemic volume of rats’ brain after transient BCCAO. Neurological functional tests in animal models post transient BCCAO did not include sensory and memory functions tests.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.491-500
Cost-of-illness and its determinants for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh:
Authors: Afroz Afsana , Alam Khurshid , Alramadan Mohammed J , Hossain Md Nassif , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Ali Liaquat , Billah Baki 
Published: June 2019

Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) all over the world and leading cause of death, disability, and economic loss. Diabetes imposes a heavy economic burden on individuals, their families and society as a whole. The aim of this study is to estimate the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bangladesh and to find association between glycemic control and Health Related Quality of Life with cost-of-illness (COI).
Methodology: This will be an analytical cross-sectional cost-of-illness study. Within a specific time period participants aged ≥18 years, registered with Bangladesh Diabetic Somiti and having type 2 diabetes for more than one year will be recruited from selected hospitals inside and outside Dhaka to cover all level of health care services. A pre-tested electronic questionnaire will be used for data collection. The questionnaire will include demographic, clinical, behavioral information of the participants and all cost related information related to diabetes management during last one year. Descriptive statistics will include mean (±SD) or median (percentile) or relative frequencies (percentage) depending on the data. Two samples independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test and chi-squared tests will be used for univariate analysis. The multivariable regression analysis and bootstrap method will also be employed to analyze the relationship between the total cost of care (dependent variable) and several potential explanatory variables (independent variables). Logistic regression analysis will be performed to assess the factors affecting glycemic control and health related quality of life (HRQoL). The calculated total cost-of-illness will be projected for T2DM in Bangladesh by a mathematical modelling.
Result & discussion: The results of the study will be useful as background information to forecast the economic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh and will be beneficial to conceptualize health strategies at national level. Furthermore, recognizing the factors of cost-of-illness will help both patients and health care providers to improve the management plan and cost control and hence, to have better quality of life. Evidence about the magnitude of the burden of T2DM is important for public health policymakers who are involved in making health care priorities and allocating scarce resources to facilitate the greatest benefits for type 2 diabetic people in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.501-507
Unusual anatomical variation in formation of sural nerve
Authors: Arquez Humberto Ferreira 
Published: June 2019

Background: Sural nerve is formed by communication of medial sural cutaneous nerve, that arise from tibial nerve in popliteal fossa and peroneal communicating nerve, a branch directly from common peroneal nerve or from lateral sural cutaneous nerve.The objective of this study was described an unusual and few reported anatomical variation in formation of sural nerve.
Materials and Methods: The anatomical variation described was found during routine dissection performed by medical students of second semester in two maleembalbed adult cadavers of 75 and 65 years of age, respectivelyin the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona.
Results and Discussion: In the left lower limb, both medial sural cutaneous nerve, and lateral sural cutaneous nervewere absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the tibial nerve. It’s observed a communicating branch between tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. In the right lower limb, lateral sural cutaneous nerve was absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the common peroneal nerve.Peroneal communicating nerve was considered as absent in the two cases.Motor fiber from sural nerve to gastrocnemius muscle was observed in both lower limbs
Conclusions:The knowledge of the sural nerve (normal anatomy and variations in origin and course) is important in evaluating of the patients, as well explaining the different clinical findings necessary for accuracy treatment.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.508-512
The effect of Ramadan fasting on sebum production: association with nutritional intakes and sleeping pattern
Authors: Rosmelia - , Setyopranoto Ismail , Hadi Hamam , Wirohadidjojo Yohanes Widodo 
Published: June 2019

Background: Sebum production is associated with several factors including hormonal, and nutritional factors. Sleeping pattern could also affect changes in androgen levels associated with sebum production and acne. During Ramadan, moslems are obliged to fast from dawn to sunset, causing nutritional intake and sleeping pattern changes.
Objectives: This study was aimed to find association between nutritional intake and sleeping pattern during Ramadan with sebum production.
Methods: Ramadan fasting practitioners (40 male, mean age ±SD : 19.19±1.03 years) were evaluted before and 3 weeks into Ramadan fasting. Parameters assessed were nutrient intakes (using 24-hour food recalls), sleep quality and duration (using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) and sleep diary. Sebum productions were measured using SebutapeR technique.
Results: Significant decreases were found in protein (p=0.014), total fat (p=0.031), milkshake(p=0.001) and cheese intakes (p=0.013). Glycemic load was also decreased significantly (p=0.006). Despite no reduction in total sleep duration, night sleep duration was significantly reduced during Ramadan (p=0.000) associated with more subjects with poor sleep quality (p=0.039). Sebum production was increased significantly during Ramadan (p=0.028)
Conclusion: Despite lower glycemic load and dairy products intakes, and lower sleep duration, Ramadan fasting was associated with increased sebum production. It was likely a result of circadian rhythm shift in sebaceous glands activities.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.546-551
Evaluation of Training Session Applying Gagne’s Events of Instructions
Authors: Islam Nurul , Salam Abdus 
Published: June 2019

Background: This study explores the effectiveness of educator's training programs regarding the presentation, materials, facilities, relevance and usefulness of the training to the current employment and facilitator’s knowledge using Gagne’s event of instructions.
Method: A half day long training was conducted on September 2017 at reach of the two health care teaching institutes. At the end of training, evaluation was done and rated in 5 point Likert scale with 5 as the highest score. Participants agreed that the training was useful and relevant to their work.
Result: This study showed a positive perception of the learners which will help their job performance as well as the outcome of their dental teaching school and Gagne’s Events of Instructions can be used when conducting this type of training sessions.
Conclusion: Regular training program for staff development need to be carried out following a system approach with right mix of input and contents which process with right sequences of instructions to fill the gap between desired performance and actual staff performance.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.552-556
Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on hemostasis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Balabina Natalya M , Kalyagin Alexey N , Maksikova Tatyana M , Dulskiy Vadim A , Haptanova Valentina A , Zhigalova Olga V , Andreeva Larisa S 
Published: June 2019

Objective. The study presents results of the low-intensity intravenous (IV) laser radiation effect on some indicators of the hemostasis system and respiratory function of 83 patients with a chronic lung disease (COPD), stable phase, II-III (after GOLD scale), including 51 men and 32 women. The average COPD duration was 9.6±4.4 years.
Materials and methods. All patients with COPD were randomly divided into 2 groups - comparison (30 people) and main (53 people). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy people, matched by sex and age. Patients in the control group received only standard drug therapy with IGCC/DBA combination (budesonide/formoterol, salmeterol/fluticasone propionate inhalation at a therapeutic dose corresponding to the COPD clinical symptoms severity).
Result and Discussion. In addition to the basic treatment, the main group received a course of intravenous lowintensity laser radiation. As established before the treatment initiation, patients with COPD experienced a decrease in FEV1, Tiffno index, SaO2.
Conclusion. The respiratory function disruption was accompanied by a significant activation of plasma hemostasis ( prothrombin time shortening, thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time) and a significant increase in platelet aggregation (increase in the aggregation degree, aggregation rate, decrease in the aggregation time). At the same time, in patients with COPD, a significant decrease in anticoagulant activity was observed before treatment, particularly antithrombin III decrease when compared with the control group (p <0.05) and CRP (main group: 0.86±0.02; control group: 0.85±0.02). The introduction of low-intensity laser radiation into the patients complex with COPD led to the these parameters normalization.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.586-592
Measuring Health related Quality of life and its determinants among physically disabled adults in Bangladesh
Authors: Eusufzai Sumaiya Zabin , Hossain Sardar Mahmud , Jamayet Nafij Bin , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: June 2019

The prime purpose of the study was to assess the quality of life of physically disabled adults attending at rehabilitation center in Dhaka city, Bangladesh and to determine the relationship of the type of disability, educational level and relationship with the family with quality of life.Participants were 500 adults with physical disabilities. Thestructured questionnaire consist of WHOQOL-BREF were used as research instruments. When dividing the participants into three groups according to the level of total QOL score, in physical domain majority (96.2%) had fair level QOL score. In psychological domain veryfew(5.4%) had poor level and more than half (53.2%) had fair level QOL score and rest of them had good QOL score (41.4%). more than one third (37.2%) and nearly half(47.0%) had fair and good level respectively whereas rest of them (15.8%) had poor level of QOL in Social domain. In environmental domain a minimum number(3.8%) had poor QOL score but almost half (43.6%) and more than half (52.6%) had fair and good level of QOL score. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of WHOQOL-BREF was adequate (0.914) for all 26 questions and for each domain the values are: Physical health domain (0.812), Psychological health domain (0.831), Social relationship domain (0.68) and Environmental health domain (0.78). Statistically significant correlations present between all domains. Mean and percentage of satisfaction rating in DOM1, DOM2 and DOM3 and DOM4 was higher in males than females. There were significant differences found in WHOQOL-BREF score between different education level group, different marital statusgroup,different employment statusgroup, differentincome level group, relationship with family, utilization of primary rehabilitation in four domains and total of WHOQOL-BREF (P < 0.05). multiple linear regression observed that education level and utilization of primary rehabilitation center is most important factor that affects QOL of study population in total and four domains of WHOQOL.The findings from this study confirm that the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire is a reliable instrument to measure quality of life in disable adults. From the data, it appears that Bangladeshi disable adults have WHOQOL-BREF scores that might be considered to indicate a fair level of quality of life.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.607-614
Status of Vitamin D by measuring 25 - Hydroxyvitamin D level in Dhaka City
Authors: Afrin Syeda Fahmida , Rahman Md Hasanur , Bari Kaniz Fatima , Mahmood Abu Kholdun Al 
Published: June 2019

Background and aims: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with skeletal as well as extraskeletal diseases. Aim of this study was to find out the status of Vitamin D level in a densely populated area like Dhaka.
Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital in Kallyanpur, Dhanmondi Ibn Sina Hospital and Ibn Dina Diagnostic Laboratory in Dhanmondi. Total 500 subjects who went for vitamin D assay were included in this study. Serum Vitamin D (25 - Hydroxyvitamin D) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The respondents were divided in 4 age groups: ( 0-20) years, (21-40) years, (41-60) years and (61-rest) years. Data were presented by frequency distribution tables & graphs.
Result: Out of the 500 respondents, 10.6% were in 0-20 age group, 30.8% were in 21-40 age group, 41.2% were in 41-60 age group and 17.4% were in 61-rest age group respectively. Mean age of total study subjects was 43.7 years. Male and female ratio was 33.2:66.8. Of the total 218(43.8%) participants had deficient level, 187(37.2%) had insufficient level, 90(18%) had sufficient level and only 5(1%) had toxic level of vitamin D.
Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was observed in 41 to 60 years age group people and female are more suffered than male. That’s why vitamin D status screening in this age group should be a routine test.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.624-627
Efficacy of Postpartum Furosemide Therapy on Blood Pressure Recovery in Patients with Severe Preeclampsia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Dabaghi Talat , Shariati Mona , Laluha Fatemeh , Movahhed Farideh , Barikani Ameneh 
Published: June 2019

Background: Hypertensive disorders are an important cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, and severe preeclampsia is the most common cause [Baha M. Sibia, AJOG (2012)]. The blood pressure rises progressively during the first 5 days after delivery, and it is due to mobilization of 6-8 liters of liquid, and 950 meq of accumulated sodium,from interstitial and extravascular space to intravascular space[Davison JM and Dunlop W, Seminars in Nephrology,4:198–207 (1984)].Severe rising of blood pressure may lead to complications, such as renal failure, pulmonary edema, eclampsia, intracranial hemorrhage, stroke, coma and death [Baha M. Sibia, AJOG (2012)].Therefore, postpartum anti-hypertensive therapy can prevent these complications and diminishes maternal mortality and morbidity rate.
Objective: This investigation was done to evaluate whether a short course of postpartum furosemide therapy in patients with severe preeclampsia accelerates blood pressure recovery, reduces antihypertensive drugs usage, prevents complications such as eclampsia and finally diminishes hospitalization.
Study design: In a randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with severe preeclampsia participated. After spontaneous onset of diuresis and discontinuation of sulfate magnesium, patients were randomly allocated to receive either no therapy or 20 mg oral furosemide daily for five days with oral potassium supplementation. Postpartum blood pressure, the need for antihypertensive therapy, rate of complications and duration of hospitalization between treatment and control groups were compared.
Results: Mean systolic blood pressure on the third day after delivery was not different significantly between treatment and control groups(127.9±10.2 compared with 130 ± 11.5 mm-Hg, P=0.36). Mean diastolic blood pressure on the third day after delivery was not different between two groups. Patients in treatment group required less antihypertensive therapy during hospitalization (26.7% compared with 33.3%, P=0.64) but the difference was not significant. Eclampsia occurred in two patients in control group and not occurred in treatment group. Duration of hospitalization was not affected by the intervention.
Conclusion: Brief postpartum furosemide therapy in patients with severe preeclampsia may not be effective in postpartum blood pressure recovery and reducing the need for antihypertensive therapy. It may be useful to prevent complications such as eclampsia. Duration of hospitalization was not affected by the intervention.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.636-640