bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective chemical degradation of silica sinters of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand). Implications for early Earth and Astrobiology
Authors: Chaves Torres Lidia , Kaur Gurpreet , Melbourne Leanne A. , Pancost Richard D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMost organic matter (OM) on Earth occurs as kerogen‐like materials, that is naturally formed macromolecules insoluble with standard organic solvents. The formation of this insoluble organic matter (IOM) is a topic of much interest, especially when it limits the detection of compounds of geomicrobiological interest. For example, studies that search for biomarker evidence of life on early Earth or other planets usually use solvent‐based extractions. This leaves behind a pool of OM as unexplored post‐extraction residues, potentially containing diagnostic biomarkers. Since the IOM has an enhanced potential for preservation compared to soluble OM, analysing IOM‐released biomarkers can also provide even deeper insights into the ecology of ancient settings, with implications for early Earth and Astrobiology investigations. Here, we analyse the prokaryotic lipid biosignature within soluble and IOM of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) silica sinters, which are key analogues in the search for life. We apply sequential solvent extractions and a selective chemical degradation upon the post‐solvent extraction residue. Moreover, we compare the IOM from TVZ sinters to analogous studies on peat and marine sediments to assess patterns in OM insolubilisation across the geosphere. Consistent with previous work, we find significant but variable proportions—1%–45% of the total prokaryotic lipids recovered—associated with IOM fractions. This occurs even in recently formed silica sinters, likely indicating inherent cell insolubility. Moreover, archaeal lipids seem more prone to insolubilisation as compared to the bacterial analogues, which might enhance their preservation and also bias overall biomarkers interpretation. These observations are similar to those observed in other settings, confirming that even in a setting where the OM derives predominantly from prokaryotic sources, patterns of IOM formation/occurrence are conserved. Differences with other settings, however, such as the occurrence of archaeol in IOM fractions, could be indicative of different mechanisms for IOM formation that merit further exploration.
Usefulness of chemokine C‐C receptor 7−/programmed cell death‐1+ follicular helper T cell subset frequencies in the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Kimura Naruhiro , Yamagiwa Satoshi , Sugano Tomoyuki , Horigome Ryoko , Setsu Toru , Tominaga Kentaro , Kamimura Hiroteru , Takamura Masaaki , Terai Shuji 
Published: April 2019

AimA significant concern for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients is diagnostic specificity. Delayed treatment due to delayed diagnosis leads to poor survival. We recently reported that chemokine C‐C receptor 7 (CCR7)−/programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells could be involved in AIH pathogenesis. We hypothesized that Tfh cell frequencies might contribute to AIH diagnosis.MethodsPeripheral blood was collected from 12 patients with AIH from April 2013 to March 2016, as well as 24 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and 44 healthy controls (HC). Mononuclear cells were separated using a Ficoll gradient, and surface markers were investigated using flow cytometry.ResultsThe frequency of CCR7−PD‐1+ Tfh cells was significantly higher in AIH patients (39.1 ± 8.6) compared to that in HC (25.1 ± 7.9%, P < 0.01) and HBV patients (22.7 ± 7.8, P < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the frequency of the CCR7−PD‐1+ Tfh cell subset for AIH and HC and AIH and HBV was 0.905 and 0.927, respectively. The frequency of the CCR7−PD‐1+ Tfh cell subset was not correlated with International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) scoring, Simplified AIH scoring, or Japanese diagnostic guidelines (R = 0.10, 0.947; R = 0.0008, 0.180; and R = 0.348, 0.558, respectively). Therefore, these frequencies could diagnose AIH patients who were not diagnosed with the IAIHG or simplified AIH scores.ConclusionsThe frequency of the peripheral CCR7−PD‐1+ Tfh cell subset could be useful for diagnosing AIH even in patients who were not diagnosed with IAIHG or simplified AIH scores.
A Tunisian family with a novel mutation in the gene CYP4F22 for lamellar ichthyosis and co‐occurrence of hearing loss in a child due to mutation in the SLC26A4 gene
Authors: Sayeb Marwa , Riahi Zied , Laroussi Nadia , Bonnet Crystel , Romdhane Lilia , Mkaouar Rahma , Zaouak Anissa , Marrakchi Jihene , Abdessalem Ghaith , Messaoud Olfa , Bouchniba Oussema , Ghilane Nacer , Mokni Mourad , Besbes Ghazi , Yacoub‐Youssef Houda , Petit Christine , Abdelhak Sonia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCo‐occurrence of two genetic diseases is challenging for accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling. The recent availability of whole exome sequencing (WES) has dramatically improved the molecular diagnosis of rare genetic diseases in particular in consanguineous populations.MethodsWe report here on a consanguineous family from Southern Tunisia including three members affected with congenital ichthyosis. The index case had a hearing loss (HL) and ichthyosis and was primarily suspected as suffering from keratitis‐ichthyosis‐deafness (KID) syndrome. WES was performed for the index case, and all members of the nuclear family were sequenced (Sanger method).ResultsThe WES approach allowed the identification of two strong candidate variants in two different genes; a missense mutation c.1334T>G (p.Leu445Trp) in exon 11 of SLC26A4 gene, associated with isolated HL and a novel missense mutation c.728G>T (p.Arg243Leu) in exon 8 of CYP4F22 gene likely responsible for ichthyosis. These two mutations were predicted to be pathogenic by three pathogenicity prediction softwares (Scale‐Invariant Feature Transform [SIFT], Polymorphism Phenotyping [PolyPhen], Mutation Taster) to underlie the HL and ichthyosis, respectively.ConclusionsThe present study raises awareness about the importance of familial history for accurate diagnosis of syndromic genetic diseases and differential diagnosis with co‐occurrence of two distinct clinical entities. In addition, in countries with limited resources, WES sequencing for a single individual provides a cost effective tool for molecular diagnosis confirmation and genetic counseling.
The r‐interdiction selective multi‐depot vehicle routing problem
Authors: Sadati Mir Ehsan Hesam , Aksen Deniz , Aras Necati 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe protection of critical facilities has been attracting increasing attention in the past two decades. Critical facilities involve physical assets such as bridges, railways, power plants, hospitals, and transportation hubs among others. In this study we introduce a bilevel optimization problem for the determination of the most critical depots in a vehicle routing context. The problem is modeled as an attacker–defender game (Stackelberg game) from the perspective of an adversary agent (the attacker) who aims to inflict maximum disruption on a routing network. We refer to this problem as the r‐interdiction selective multi‐depot vehicle routing problem (RI‐SMDVRP). The attacker is the decision maker in the upper level problem (ULP) who chooses r depots to interdict with certainty. The defender is the decision maker in the lower level problem (LLP) who optimizes the vehicle routes in the wake of the attack. The defender has to satisfy all customer demand either using the remaining depots or through outsourcing to a third party logistics service provider. The ULP is solved through exhaustive enumeration, which is viable when the cardinality of interdictions does not exceed five among nine depots. For the LLP we implement a tabu search heuristic adapted to the selective multi‐depot VRP. Our results are obtained on a set of RI‐SMDVRP instances synthetically constructed from standard MDVRP test instances.
A variable neighborhood search for flying sidekick traveling salesman problem
Authors: de Freitas Júlia Cária , Penna Puca Huachi Vaz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe efficiency and dynamism of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, have presented substantial application opportunities in several industries in the last years. Notably, logistic companies have given close attention to these vehicles to reduce delivery time and operational cost. A variant of the traveling salesman problem (TSP), called the flying sidekick traveling salesman problem, was introduced involving drone‐assisted parcel delivery. The drone launches from the truck, proceeds to deliver parcels to a customer, and then is recovered by the truck at a third location. While the drone travels through a trip, the truck delivers parcels to other customers as long as the drone has enough battery to hover waiting for the truck. This work proposes a hybrid heuristic where the initial solution is created from the optimal TSP solution reached by a TSP solver. Next, an implementation of the general variable neighborhood search is employed to obtain the delivery routes of truck and drone. Computational experiments show the potential of the algorithm to improve significantly delivery time. Furthermore, we provide a new set of instances based on the well‐known traveling salesman problem library instances.
Gender Differences in the Influence of Mental Health on Job Retention
Authors: Barnay Thomas , Defebvre Éric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe measure gender differences in the causal impact of the 2006 self‐assessed mental health status (anxiety disorders and depressive episodes) on job retention in 2010. We use data from the French Health and Professional Career Path survey. To control for endogeneity biases, we use bivariate probit models to simultaneously explain employment status and mental health. Anxiety disorders reduce men's job retention capacity by up to 12 percentage points (pp). Depressive episodes affect both genders almost equally (around 11 pp). More severe cases of both mental health conditions are relevant in determining the capacity of individuals to remain in employment.
“Scribble Scrabble”: Migration, Young Parenting Latinas, and Digital Storytelling as Narrative Shock
Authors: Krause Elizabeth L. , Gubrium Aline C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe nexus of migration and family offers a conjuncture to enrich understanding of teen pregnancy and parenting. This article draws findings from a project centered on participant‐produced new media to reveal how young mothers negotiate reproductive health disparities. We focus on young mothers’ experiences of migration and movement, captured in local vernacular through participants’ digital story depictions and follow‐up interviews. We argue that disparities link up with the single story of teen mothering, involve public shaming, continue hand‐in‐hand with institutional humiliation, and are exacerbated through migration and movement. To disrupt the normative notions that shadow young mothers, we take seriously the young women's narratives. We theorize how the richness of stories and storytelling may serve as a potent intervention—a narrative shock—for articulating meanings and cultivating dignity for young mothers and their families, especially those who do not fit the sedentary and age biases of parenting ideals.
Pharmaceutical Creep: U.S. Military Power and the Global and Transnational Mobility of Psychopharmaceuticals
Authors: Lim Chua Jocelyn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 2006, the United States Department of Defense developed for the first time official criteria for the use of psychopharmaceuticals “in theater”—in the physical and tactical spaces of military operations including active combat. Based on fieldwork with Army soldiers and veterans, this article explores the transnational and global dimensions of military psychopharmaceutical use in the post‐9/11 wars. I consider the spatial, material, and symbolic dimensions of what I call “pharmaceutical creep”—the slow drift of psychopharmaceuticals from the civilian world into theater and into the military corporate body. While pharmaceutical creep is managed by the U.S. military as a problem of gatekeeping and of supply and provisioning, medications can appear as the solution to recruitment and performance problems once in theater. Drawing on soldiers’ accounts of medication use, I illuminate the possibilities, but also the frictions, that arise when routine psychopharmaceuticals are remade into technologies of global counterinsurgency.
The Ageing Gut–Brain study: Exploring the role of the gut microbiota in dementia
Authors: Johnstone A. M. , Donaldson A. I. C. , Scott K. P. , Myint P. K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUp to 90% of people with dementia will experience behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) as part of their illness, and nearly two‐thirds of those living with dementia in care homes will experience BPSD. BPSD describe the disturbed perceptions, thought content, moods or behaviours that frequently occur in patients with dementia. There is increasing evidence that the gut microbiota plays a role in the interaction between specific nutrients and brain function. The Ageing Gut–Brain study described here is based on the hypothesis that the gut microbiota, and microbial metabolites, impact upon the gut–brain axis and thereby on behaviour, including BPSD. In the absence of available cures for Alzheimer's disease and its symptoms, if evidence in support of the gut–brain axis hypothesis is found, diet/nutritional interventions comprising important modifiable component/s may have significant impact on the management of BPSD.
Collective harm and the inefficacy problem
Authors: Nefsky Julia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses the inefficacy problem that arises in contexts of “collective harm.” These are contexts in which by acting in a certain sort of way, people collectively cause harm, or fail to prevent it, but no individual act of the relevant sort seems to itself make a difference. The inefficacy problem is that if acting in the relevant way won't make a difference, it's unclear why it would be wrong. Each individual can argue, “things will be just as bad whether or not I act in this way, so there's no point in doing otherwise.” The goal of this paper is to give an overview of some of the main responses available to the problem and to highlight central issues that arise for each type of response. In the final section, I explain what I take to be the most promising strategy and discuss the form that this strategy should take.
Dose‐dependent associations between prenatal caffeine consumption and small for gestational age, preterm birth, and reduced birthweight in the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Kobayashi Sumitaka , Sata Fumihiro , Murata Katsuyuki , Saijo Yasuaki , Araki Atsuko , Miyashita Chihiro , Itoh Sachiko , Minatoya Machiko , Yamazaki Keiko , Ait Bamai Yu , Kishi Reiko ,   The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundFew previous studies have investigated the association between prenatal caffeine intake and birth size (small for gestational age [SGA], preterm birth, and birthweight Z‐score) in Japan.ObjectivesWe examined the dose‐dependency of this association (prenatal caffeine consumption and birth size) as part of the Japan Environment and Children's Study.MethodsA prospective birth cohort included 94 876 fetuses in Japan. Participants were enrolled between January 2011 and March 2014. Adjusted multiple linear regression and Cox regression models were used to examine the association between prenatal caffeine levels and infant birth size.ResultsThe median estimated caffeine consumption during pregnancy was 125.5 mg/day, as determined by self‐administered questionnaires. There were 7252 SGA infants (7.6%) and 4281 preterm birth infants (4.5%). Compared with infants of mothers whose caffeine consumption during pregnancy was in the lowest quartile (4.2 to <86.4 mg/day), infants of mothers whose caffeine consumption was in the highest quartile 4 (205.5‐5080.0 mg/day) were at an increased risk of SGA (relative risk [RR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 1.27), and at an increased risk of preterm birth at the second trimester of gestation (RR 1.94, 95% CI 1.12, 3.37), with a 0.32‐day reduction in gestational age (95% CI −0.52, −0.12) and with a 0.07 reduction in birthweight Z‐score observed (95% CI −0.09, −0.05).ConclusionsPrenatal caffeine consumption was associated with birth size. However, as the association between prenatal caffeine consumption and birth size was likely confounded by unpredicted potential factors, our confidence in the true causality of the association is moderate.
Factor structure of the Japanese version of the Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QOL‐AD)
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Nakaaki Shutaro , Sato Junko , Sato Hirofumi , Shikimoto Ryo , Furukawa Toshi A. , Mimura Masaru , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease Scale (QOL‐AD) developed by Logsdon et al. in1999 is believed to be useful for evaluating responses from both patients and their caregivers. We previously confirmed both the reliability and the validity of the Japanese version of the QOL‐AD. However, the factor structure of this scale should be confirmed because the QOL‐AD covers multiple facets of dementia patients’ lives. Thus, we performed a factor analysis of the Japanese QOL‐AD. Then, we examined the correlations between each of the identified QOL factor scores and the results of other scales.MethodsThe Japanese version of the QOL‐AD was given to 132 AD patients and 132 caregivers. Four other tests were also performed at the same time: the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Hyogo Activities of Daily Living Scale (HADL), and the Short Memory Questionnaire. A factor analysis using Varimax rotation was used to examine the dimensions underlying the QOL‐AD. In addition, we examined the Pearson correlations between each of the identified QOL factor scores and the results of the other four tests.ResultsFactor analyses of both versions of the Japanese QOL‐AD (both the patients’ and the caregivers’ responses) revealed three factors that were named ‘psychological wellbeing’, ‘human relationships’, and ‘physical and social environment’. The ‘psychological wellbeing’ factor was significantly correlated with the Mood factor of the NPI. The ‘human relationships’ factor was significantly correlated with the Psychosis factor of the NPI. The ‘physical and social environment’ factor was significantly correlated with the HADL.ConclusionsBoth the patients’ and the caregivers’ responses to the Japanese version of the QOL‐AD were composed of three factors: ‘psychological wellbeing’, ‘human relationships’, and ‘physical and social environment’. The present results support the multi‐domain concept of QOL proposed by Lawton.
Emotional interference under low versus high executive control
Authors: Grützmann Rosa , Riesel Anja , Kaufmann Christian , Kathmann Norbert , Heinzel Stephan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that task‐irrelevant emotional distractors interfere with task performance especially under low phasic executive control (i.e., in nonconflict trials). In the present study, we measured medio‐frontal ERPs (N2 and correct‐related negativity, CRN) to elucidate which aspects of task performance are affected by emotional interference in a flanker task. To create emotional interference, negative and neutral pictures were presented during the flanker stimuli. N2 and CRN were reduced after negative pictures, indicating that conflict processing and performance monitoring are both affected by emotional interference. On the behavioral level, prolonged response times after negative pictures were observed under low phasic executive control (i.e., in compatible trials). Additionally, we explored whether emotional interference is modulated not only by phasic changes in executive control (i.e., conflict vs. nonconflict trials) but also by tonic changes in executive control (i.e., low vs. high overall conflict frequency). To this end, the flanker task consisted of two blocks with 25% versus 75% incompatible trials. Prolonged response times after negative pictures in compatible trials were observed only under low tonic executive control but not under high executive control.
A Bridge in Flux: Narratives and the Policy Process in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Brewer Adam M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolicy narratives play an important role in the policy process. Often policy narratives originate from advocacy coalitions seeking increased support from the public for their policy stance. Although most Narrative Policy Framework studies have focused on national policy issues, this study examines a state and local economic development project by exploring the policy narratives from competing coalitions in favor and opposed to the project. Specifically, in the Portland–Vancouver area of Oregon and Washington, local policy discussions have been dominated by a proposal for a new mega bridge on Interstate‐5 connecting the two cities across the Columbia River. A new government agency (CRC—Columbia River Crossing) was formed for the implementation of this project. Upon approval of a proposal, CRC experienced heavy backlash from citizens, local businesses, community leaders, and other stakeholders leading to the formation of two competing coalitions in opposition and support of the bridge. This study, using content analysis of 370 public documents, finds that competing coalitions utilize policy narratives in strategic ways to characterize the opposing coalition, themselves, and other actors in the policy subsystem. This study also suggests that the strength and cohesion of a coalition's narrative contributes to its policy success and the winning/losing status of a coalition potentially determines the types of strategies they will use. Last, this study introduces and tests a new narrative strategy called the impotent shift testing a coalition's strategic use of the victim character.
The effect of dentist experience on the treatment of individuals with disability under general anesthesia
Authors: Fernández‐Feijoo Javier , Carro Beatriz , Branco Ana , García‐Caballero Lucía , Diniz Márcio , Limeres Jacobo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present work was to assess in patients with severe disability operated under general anesthesia whether the progressive acquisition of experience by the dental team affects the type of procedure performed and the duration of operations.Methods and resultsA study group of 911 patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia between 1997 and 2014 was conformed. Information was collected from every patient including: dental diagnosis, dental procedures and duration of the operating times. To analyze the impact of the operators’ experience, the study period was divided into three 6‐year periods. The most prevalent systemic diagnosis was “mental disease and behavior disorders” (42.9%). The most common dental procedures were extractions and fillings. Fewer extractions were performed during the third 6‐year period (p = .000). Compared with the other two periods, during the first period fewer composite fillings (p = .000 and p = .000, respectively) and more fissure sealants (p = .001 and p = .023, respectively) were performed. The number of amalgam fillings decreased progressively (p = .000). There was a statistically significant reduction in the mean duration of the operations between the first and third period (p = .002).ConclusionThe dental team's experience entailed a significant reduction in the duration of operations.