bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Gain Triple‐Band T‐Shaped Dielectric Resonator Based Hybrid Two‐Element MIMO Antenna for 5G New Radio, Wi‐Fi 6, V2X, and C‐Band Applications With a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Pandey Sachindra , Ranjan Pinku , Chowdhury Rakesh , Sharma Anand , Das Gourab 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, a rectangular dielectric resonator (DR) based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) hybrid antenna with a machine learning (ML) optimization approach for 5G New Radio (NR), WiMAX, WLAN, Wi‐Fi 6, Vehicle to Everything (V2X), and C‐band uplink applications are presented. The proposed antenna provides a triple band. It covers n1, n2, and n39 5G NR at a lower frequency (1.59–2.26 GHz), n48 5G NR at the middle frequency (3.1–3.87 GHz), and n46, n47, n96, WiMAX, WLAN, and C‐band uplink at higher frequency (5.25–6.91 GHz). It achieved more than 20% impedance bandwidth and 20 dB isolation in all frequency bands. The maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 15 dBi. The calculated MIMO parameters are within the accepted range. It is optimized through various ML algorithms, including random forest (RF), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), artificial neural network (ANN), extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and decision tree (DT). The RF ML algorithm gives 98.09% accuracy compared to other ML algorithms for S parameter prediction.
Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) Reveals Multiple Cross‐Drainage Dispersals in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Bang , Oo Thaung Naing , Zheng Lan‐Ping , Chen Xiao‐Yong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGarra, a kind of small‐ to medium‐sized fish, is widely distributed from southern Eurasia to central Africa. As one of the most diverse genera of Cyprinidae, investigating the phylogeny and biogeography of Garra remains challenging. In this study, we combined sequences of Garra samples collected from Myanmar with sequences downloaded from GenBank to investigate the phylogeny, diversification, and biogeography of Garra on a global scale, with an emphasis on Southeast Asia. Species delimitation results indicated that there are at least 22 potential species, including eight undescribed species in Myanmar, suggesting that the diversity of Garra in this region have been largely underestimated. Diversification analysis suggested a relatively high diversification rate in the early branches of Garra. Ancestral distribution reconstruction results revealed that Garra originated from the Irrawaddy River basin in the late Eocene, approximately 34 million years ago, with subsequent dispersals across different drainages influenced by the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. Our study provided a new insight into the evolutionary history of Garra and the basis for further research on this genus.
Understanding public preferences for energy efficiency policies in building and agricultural sectors in the western US: Values, knowledge, and identity
Authors: Siddiqi Muhammad Usman Amin , Wolters Erika Allen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a growing recognition of energy efficiency as the ‘first fuel,’ seen as one of the most promising approaches for achieving climate change mitigation goals and enhancing energy security without compromising economic well‐being. However, meeting the standards of the IEA Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario demands a more thorough exploitation of economically viable energy efficiency potentials. The United States has a huge energy efficiency potential to cost‐effectively reduce its electricity use, but utilizing this potential requires proactive policymaking. Recent studies suggest that state policymaking increasingly responds to mass policy preferences, gradually shaping policy changes despite existing barriers. This underscores the importance of investigating public energy preferences. Given that energy preferences of the US citizens are significantly polarized due to ideological and identity‐driven beliefs about the existence and severity of climate change, understanding these preferences becomes even more vital. While there is plenty of literature on the merits and challenges of energy efficiency as well as on public preferences for various energy policies, there remains a noticeable research gap in the understanding of the public's specific preferences for energy efficiency policies especially in the American West. This study addresses this gap through a survey of 1804 randomly selected respondents across California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It broadens the scope beyond political ideology to explore how environmental values, social identities, and policy literacy are associated with public support for energy efficiency policies in building and agricultural sectors.
Examining the Effects of Health Work Shortages and Deployment in Integrated Programme in Bihar, India: An Institutional Ethnography
Authors: Kumar Vikash 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe integration of health programms in low‐resource settings is a common approach aimed at providing quality and cost‐effective healthcare services. However, programme integration can unintentionally impact service provision and disrupt the overall organisation of service delivery. In this paper, I examine the integrated programme for non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) and explore the challenges related to the deployment of health workers. Specifically, I investigate the institutional processes that shape the work of health workers and the working conditions in district hospitals. To explore the social organisation of the implementation of the integrated NCD programme, I employed institutional ethnography as a research method. Data collection involved interviews, participant observation, and document reviews. Data analysis was conducted using social mapping, analytical writing, and textual analysis methods. The findings of the study suggest that due to staff shortages and a lack of doctors, health workers are continuously subjected to deployment and often required to undertake multiple tasks and responsibilities without any incentives or non‐monetary benefits. Administrators perceive health workers in integrated programs as additional human resources available for use in district hospitals. However, the removal of health workers from integrated programs can have negative implications for service delivery and patients' health outcomes. Finding of the study suggests that it is recommended that administrators improve the staff recruitment process and promptly address the grievances of health workers to enhance healthcare delivery.
Operative complications of open and minimally invasive adnexal surgery compared with cases with hysterectomy: A narrative review
Authors: Statham Edith , Suarez Brittany , Lahey Sue , Flink‐Bochacki Rachel , Margolis Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe decision to add hysterectomy to planned adnexectomy is often nuanced and likely increases the complexity of the planned procedure; however, these risks are not well characterized in practice. We conducted a comprehensive search in the PubMed database for English‐language articles from 1997 to 2022, identifying studies reporting complication rates for open and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) hysterectomy and adnexal surgeries. We calculated medians and first and third quartiles for each complication and used a Mann–Whitney U test to calculate differences between complications for minimally invasive hysterectomy and adnexal case data. We identified 135 appropriate studies for inclusion. There were higher prevalences of blood loss requiring transfusion (1.70% versus 0.13%, P = 0.01) and urinary tract injury (0.80% versus 0.20%, P = 0.001) in MIS hysterectomy cases compared with MIS adnexal surgery, respectively. MIS hysterectomy cases were similar to MIS adnexal surgery cases in the risk of surgical site infection (1.20% versus 1.49%, P = 0.74), bowel injury (0.50% versus 0.35%, P = 0.45), vascular injury (0.20% versus 0.9%, P = 0.82), and conversion to laparotomy (1.95% versus 3.84%, P = 0.49). There were not enough data on open adnexal surgery complications to make a meaningful comparison between complications of open hysterectomy and adnexal‐only cases. Patients should be counseled that the addition of hysterectomy to planned MIS adnexal surgery likely increases the risk of blood loss requiring transfusion and urinary tract injury. The increased comorbidity associated with adding hysterectomy to planned open adnexal removal is less clear.
Transitioning from traditional to robotic mowing affects turfgrass quality and broadleaf weeds on golf course fairways
Authors: Hesselsøe Karin J. , Borchert Anne F. , Pettersen Trond , Aamlid Trygve S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOn European golf courses, small lightweight robotic mowers have recently been introduced for fairway and rough mowing. In this study, turfgrass quality and the coverage of broadleaf weeds in three cool‐season grasses were compared in response to robotic and traditional fairway mowing. Experiments with pure swards of red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were carried out at NIBIO Landvik, Norway, to evaluate differences between lightweight robotic mowing and reel mowing. In a mixture of the three species turfgrass quality and the coverage of broadleaf weeds were compared in response to robotic and reel mowing at yearly fertilizer levels from 0 to 120 kg N ha−1. The results showed that both robotic and reel mowing were found to provide high turfgrass quality, while lower coverage of broadleaf weeds (predominantly white clover [Trifolium repens L.]) was found with robotic mowing independent of grass species. In the mixed stand, higher turfgrass quality was found with robotic mowing regardless of N rate, but N rates above 60 kg ha−1 year−1 were necessary to keep the coverage of white clover in fall on an acceptable low level. Our results suggest that robotic mowing can decrease the spread of white clover at a fairway mowing height of 15 mm, but more research is needed to clarify at which mowing heights, mowing frequencies, and fertilizer levels we can get the best competitiveness against broadleaf weeds on fairways with robotic mowing.
Polytrauma impairs fracture healing accompanied by increased persistence of innate inflammatory stimuli and reduced adaptive response
Authors: Saiz Augustine Mark , Rahmati Maryam , Gresham Robert Charles Henry , Baldini Tony Daniel , Burgan Jane , Lee Mark A. , Osipov Benjamin , Christiansen Blaine A. , Khassawna Thaqif El , Wieland D. C. Florian , Marinho André Lopes , Blanchet Clement , Czachor Molly , Working Zachary M. , Bahney Chelsea S. , Leach J. Kent 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe field of bone regeneration has primarily focused on investigating fracture healing and nonunion in isolated musculoskeletal injuries. Compared to isolated fractures, which frequently heal well, fractures in patients with multiple bodily injuries (polytrauma) may exhibit impaired healing. While some papers have reported the overall cytokine response to polytrauma conditions, significant gaps in our understanding remain in how fractures heal differently in polytrauma patients. We aimed to characterize fracture healing and the temporal local and systemic immune responses to polytrauma in a murine model of polytrauma composed of a femur fracture combined with isolated chest trauma. We collected serum, bone marrow from the uninjured limb, femur fracture tissue, and lung tissue over 3 weeks to study the local and systemic immune responses and cytokine expression after injury. Immune cell distribution was assessed by flow cytometry. Fracture healing was characterized using microcomputed tomography (microCT), histological staining, immunohistochemistry, mechanical testing, and small angle X‐ray scattering. We detected more innate immune cells in the polytrauma group, both locally at the fracture site and systemically, compared to other groups. The percentage of B and T cells was dramatically reduced in the polytrauma group 6 h after injury and remained low throughout the study duration. Fracture healing in the polytrauma group was impaired, evidenced by the formation of a poorly mineralized and dysregulated fracture callus. Our data confirm the early, dysregulated inflammatory state in polytrauma that correlates with disorganized and impaired fracture healing.
Efficient Simultaneous Second Harmonic Generation and Dispersive Wave Generation in Lithium Niobate Thin Film
Authors: Peng Lingzhi , Liu Liqiang , Li Xiaoni , Hong Lihong , Li Zhiyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium niobate thin film (LNTF) is a promising platform for ultra‐low loss nonlinear integrated photonics. Here, the simultaneous generation of second harmonic wave (SHW) and dispersive wave (DW) are demonstrated in a single LNTF under the pump of a femtosecond pulse laser, with a conversion efficiency exceeding 25%. The second harmonic generation (SHG) uses the modal phase matching mechanism based on the second‐order nonlinear effect, while the DW generation is based on the perturbations of soliton dynamics caused by self‐phase modulation and higher‐order dispersion. Notably, significant and symmetrical SHW and DW patterns are observed, which exhibit strong spatial dispersion properties. A comprehensive analysis of the phase‐matching conditions are conducted for SHG and DW generation and provide a clear elucidation of the spectral properties of different regions of the emitted light patterns. Additionally, the evolution of the pump light in LNTF is thoroughly investigated, and the solutions of the generalized Schrödinger equation are in good agreement with these experimental results. This work sheds new light on the rich physics of nonlinear optical interactions on LNTF, and by utilizing the synergistic effect of second‐order and third‐order nonlinear effects, this study anticipates achieving efficient and high energy on‐chip broadband frequency conversion and supercontinuum generation across octaves.
Optothermal‐Enabled Reconfigurable Colloidal Photonic Crystals for Color and Spectrum Manipulation
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Peng Yuhang , Chen Jiajie , Dai Xiaoqi , Zhong Yili , Du Peng , Jin Zhengtian , Ji Yinyue , Wang Yuye , Ho Ho Pui , Qu Junle , Shao Yonghong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractColloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) are extensively utilized in nanoscale light manipulation due to their periodic dielectric structure. However, achieving spatial reconfigurability in CPCs remains a significant challenge, despite its importance for broader photonic applications in colloidal science. In this study, an optically induced thermoelectric field is generated by adding ionic surfactants to the solution, leading to the efficient formation of tightly assembled nanoparticles that exhibit the characteristics of CPC, which is termed optothermo‐CPC. Specifically, this CPC exhibits excellent spatial reconfigurability through the tuning of the optically induced thermoelectric field. This allows for the remote control of its position and shape, in a real‐time and high‐precision manner. Additionally, by changing the particle size, it is possible to tune the transmission spectrum and color. Additionally, optothermo‐CPC can navigate obstacles and possess a robust self‐healing ability. These highly adaptable and reconfigurable properties endow CPCs with significant potential for various photonic applications within complex fluidic environments.
A Polarization‐Insensitive and Adaptively‐Blazed Meta‐Grating Based on Dispersive Metasurfaces
Authors: Zang Guanxing , Liu Zhijun , Feng Shilun , Zhu Weiming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe diffraction efficiency of blaze gratings is optimized only at a specific frequency due to a fixed blaze angle, resulting in reduced and variable diffraction efficiencies over the working frequency band. Additionally, blazed gratings demonstrate polarization dependence due to their groove structures and the interaction of light with their surfaces. Consequently, designing gratings with constant diffraction efficiencies across a wide frequency bandwidth while maintaining polarization independence remains a challenge. Here, a design paradigm of dispersion engineerable meta‐grating inspired by orthogonal harmonic oscillations (OHO) is presented. Utilizing the OHO model, the phase dispersion of a metasurface can be precisely controlled, which applies to any unit cell featuring two orthogonal electromagnetic resonances. As a proof of concept, a polarization‐insensitive meta‐grating is showcased, where the blazed angle adapts with the incident frequency, ensuring broadband performance. In the experiment, the adaptively‐blazed grating measured an optimized and constant diffraction efficiency of ≈80% over the working wavelength range, i.e., 8.7–12.2 µm. The difference in diffraction efficiency between the two perpendicular linear polarization states remains within 4.6%. The proposed paradigm paves the way for meta‐device design based on precise dispersion engineering, which has potential applications in spectrometers, broadband beam forming and steering, hyperspectral imaging, etc.
Pyroelectrically Driven Charge Transfer and its Advantages on SERS and Self‐Cleaning Property
Authors: Wu Yang , Sun Tianyu , Shao Mingrui , Ji Chang , Li Chonghui , Zhang Chao , Li Zhen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of reusable SERS substrates with sensitivity at the single‐molecule level remains challenging but promising. Herein, a composite surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate is proposed that includes Ag nanoparticle (Ag NPs) /Graphene/BaTiO3 (Ag/G/BTO) from a chemical enhancement perspective. The pyroelectric field generated by BaTiO3 drives the charge transfer between the SERS substrate and molecules, achieving a significant improvement in the SERS performance and self‐cleaning properties. The SERS signals of rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules are further amplified up to 70‐fold. Thus, the detection limit is reduced by three orders of magnitude in this study, reaching 10−14 m after applying a pyroelectric field. In addition, the substrate exhibits a higher degradation efficiency than previous self‐cleaning SERS substrates because of the outstanding catalytic properties of BaTiO3. Target molecules are degraded effectively after several temperature cycles. A detailed mechanism analysis of pyroelectric SERS is conducted based on theoretical simulations and experimental results. This study is considered to deepen the understanding of SERS mechanisms and boost the application of SERS technology.
Plasmon–Exciton–Polariton Condensation in Organic Semiconductor‐Covered Plasmonic Lattices
Authors: Wen Shuang , Ren Ang , Liu Haidi , Jiang Zhengjun , Dong Xinyu , Dong Haiyun , Yao Jiannian , Yan Yongli , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExciton–polariton condensates featuring collective coherence and large nonlinearities are promising for advancing coherent light sources and functional devices. Nevertheless, their reliance on planar cavities with large lateral device footprints and mode volumes hinders device integration. Plasmon–exciton–polaritons (PEPs), arising from the strong coupling between excitons and plasmons, provide an intriguing platform to explore emergent polariton condensation at the nanoscale due to their ultrasmall mode volumes in metal nanoparticles. However, the substantial radiative and Ohmic losses in metals hamper PEPs condensation, particularly in the short wavelength range (<600 nm). Here, a method is proposed to address metal losses by integrating organic semiconductor neat films onto plasmonic lattices. The use of organic semiconductors with large transition dipole moment and low non‐radiation loss enables efficient coupling between massive excitons and lattice plasmons, leading to high‐density PEPs. This ensures a macroscopic number of polaritons populating the low‐lying band edge at relatively low fluences to obtain bosonic stimulation, resulting in PEP condensation. By tailoring the band structures of plasmonic lattices, the condensation of PEPs are further manipulated into different energy states. These findings offer valuable insights for the design of PEP systems and all‐optical polaritonic devices.
Dark Current Suppression in Two‐dimensional Histamine Lead Iodine Perovskite Single Crystal for X‐ray Detection and Imaging
Authors: Lai Jun'an , Cao Sijun , Zhou Shiji , He Peng , An Kang , Feng Peng , Wu Daofu , Zhou Yongqiang , Wu Mengyue , Huang Qiang , Tang Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLead halide perovskites have emerged as attractive X‐ray detector materials, owing to properties such as strong X‐ray stopping power, excellent carrier transport, and high sensitivity. Additionally, they can be easily prepared by using solution‐based synthesis approaches. However, traditional 3D (three‐dimensional) perovskites X‐ray detectors have shown limited application due to high dark currents generated under bias voltage as a result of strong ion migration. In this work, an X‐ray detector with a vertical structure device is demonstrated using 2D (two‐dimensional) histamine lead halide perovskite single crystal HAPbI4 (HPI, HA = histamine). Due to the dielectric screening effect of diamine and the vertical structure of the HPI device, the fabricated detector shows a sensitivity of 7737 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under a bias voltage of 30 V. Furthermore, the detector shows a sensitivity of 293 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and detection limit of 51.38 nGyair s−1 without bias voltage, wherein the dark current is almost completely suppressed. All of these properties indicate the X‐ray detection device is a promising candidate for next‐generation optoelectronic applications.
THE POWER OF RITUALS IN BUILDING A HIGH‐PERFORMANCE, SCALABLE ORGANIZATION
Authors: Bier Rob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe author built two successful companies of his own, and has many years of experience as an organizational advisor. He says that organizations can “cultivate the most valuable habits” that “drive a sustainable and high‐performing culture.” This can be achieved through rituals, described as “specific, repeatable practices that help organizations develop the behaviors and skills needed to sustain high performance without succumbing to friction.” He describes rituals at five key levels, which in his words are: (1) informal interactions among peers, (2) interactions between line managers and their subordinates, (3) team interactions, (4) cross‐functional interactions, (5) interactions between company leadership and the staff at large. He particularly recommends “six high‐impact rituals that lay the foundation needed for trust, collaboration, and performance across your organization. Prioritizing these rituals can transform your organization into a high‐performing powerhouse.” These are, in his words (1) Share Your Personal User Guide (PUG), (2) Turning Tensions into Trust, (3) Deep‐Dive Meetings, (4) Set Up Cross‐Functional Work for Success, (5) Become a Two‐Eyed Leader, (6) Run an Information Marketplace. In addition, he notes that “leaders must regularly assess the effectiveness of their rituals and be willing to make changes as necessary.”