bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between MTM and EGAM for energy and particle confinement improvements on HL-3 tokamak
Authors: Wang S.Q. , Zou X.L. , Duan X.R. , Liang A.S. , Yu L.M. , Xiao G.L. , Zhu Y.R. , Han M.K. , Zhou Y. , Sun T.F. , Wang A. , Gong S.B. , Guo W.P. , Yang Q.L. , Li Y.G. , Wang H.X. , Jiang M. , Zhang Y.P. , Yu D.L. , Shi Z.B. , Chen W. , Zhong W.L. ,   HL-3 Team
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report the first observation of microtearing mode (MTM) and its interaction with energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) in the reduction of ambient turbulence, leading to improvements in energy and particle confinements in electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) plasma on HL-3 tokamak. MTM, observed in the magnetic fluctuation spectrum with a frequency range of 80–120 kHz, is found to be driven by the electron temperature gradient. It has been shown that MTM propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction with a poloidal normalized wavenumber

0.05
≤

k
θ

ρ
s

≤
0.17

. The

n
=
0
,

m
=
−
2

magnetic structure of EGAM with a frequency range of 14–20 kHz is observed in the magnetic fluctuation spectrum, where n and m are the toroidal and poloidal mode numbers, respectively. The

V

E
×
B

oscillation of EGAM has also been observed in the Doppler reflectometry phase derivative perturbation spectrum. The frequency of EGAM corresponds to half that of the conventional GAM. Bispectral analysis during ECRH shows pairwise interactions among EGAM, MTM and ambient turbulence (low frequency). It has been found that the reduction of ambient turbulence due to MTM and EGAM leads to the improvement of particle and energy confinements. Experimental results on HL-3 show that the interaction between MTM and EGAM provides a possible way to the turbulence control for energy and particle confinement improvements in future reactors.
A model for analytical calculations of synthetic neutron energy spectra from beam-target reactions
Authors: Valentini A. , Reman B.C.G. , Nocente M. , Eriksson J. , Järleblad H. , Moseev D. , Rud M. , Schmidt B.S. , Snicker A. , Salewski M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a fully analytical model for calculating energy spectra of neutrons generated by fusion reactions involving a fast ion, or beam, and a stationary ion, or target, in magnetic fusion plasmas. For neutrons moving along the line-of-sight of a detector, the neutron spectrum is given by an analytical expression and the usual differential cross section. This makes the model several orders of magnitude faster than ordinary Monte Carlo simulations and free of any related statistical noise. Additionally, the analytical description of the reaction physics provides much more insight into the formation of the spectrum. An example of this is the bias of beam-target spectra towards high-energy neutron counts, which corresponds to forward-emission events. On the other hand, the fast-ion uniform gyro-angle distribution has an opposite effect, but is ultimately weaker than the preferential forward emission of neutrons. The model is validated against numerical calculations from the forward model code GENESIS to verify its validity and it is furthermore derived from a probabilistic viewpoint, adding further insight.
Impact of MHD mixed convection on heat and mass transfer in a typical DCLL breeder blanket
Authors: Zhang Wen-Xuan , Zhang Hong-Na , Li Xiao-Bin , Li Feng-Chen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A typical dual-coolant lead lithium liquid blanket employs eutectic liquid lithium lead alloy as coolant and tritium breeder for Tokamak nuclear fusion reactor, and is responsible for transporting heat and tritium. The blanket is subjected to both strong magnetic field and strong radially non-uniform neutron volume heating. The flow of liquid metal is influenced by the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), buoyancy, and inertial effects, resulting in a complex MHD mixed convection phenomenon. This study employs direct numerical simulation based on finite volume method to analyze the flow, heat transfer, and mass transfer within blanket unit. The results demonstrate that mixed convection has a significant impact on the MHD pressure drop and flow characteristics. The complex MHD mixed convection gives rise to a considerable number of vortices, particularly in regions of the turn and the downward poloidal duct. The formation of low-speed zones and jets within the blanket has the potential to significantly impact heat and mass transfer, leading to the accumulation of heat and tritium. On the other hand, the markedly elevated tritium production rate is a significant contributing factor to the obviously elevated tritium concentration in the vicinity of the first wall.
Uncertainty quantification analysis using multi-fidelity deep neural network
Authors: Lv Luogeng , Zhao Jiao , Chen Jiangtao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to solve the highly-dimensional and highly-nonlinear problems in uncertainty quantification of CFD, the paper develops a multi-fidelity neural network model and proposes a residual connection-based multi-fidelity deep neural network fusion model. Based on the small sample size and low computational cost of multi-fidelity models, the residual structure is further utilized to accelerate the convergence rate of the model and reduce the possibility of inducing systemic risks. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by six typical numerical examples, and the uncertainty quantification analysis of the NACA0012 airfoil’s yaw moment coefficients is completed.
Influence of Axial Flow Field Parameter Fluctuations on Performance of Scramjet Combustor
Authors: Hao Zhang , Mi Yan , Jiahang Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
When air-breathing aircraft is flying over a wide area, the upflow of the combustor central axis will change greatly, and the flow field parameters will fluctuate along the axis. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a study on the influence of axis flow field parameter fluctuation on combustion chamber performance, so as to provide relevant theoretical support for the combustion chamber of air-breathing aircraft in wide-area flight design. Based on the N-S gas-phase control model, combined with combustion model, turbulence model, burning rate model and mass transfer model, a numerical simulation model of flow combustion in solid fuel scramjet combustor is established. Through this model, the influence of the upflow field parameter fluctuation of the central axis on the combustor performance is carried out. The results show that for a optimized combustor configuration, different inlet air flow rates will cause the Mach number of the combustor to oscillate along the flow direction. The greater the oscillation amplitude, the greater the total pressure loss. Too high or too low inlet air flow rate will both result in Mach number oscillation in the combustor. However, selecting a suitable inlet air flow rate can significantly reduce the Mach number oscillation of combustor flow. Therefore, for different combustor configurations, appropriate inlet air flow should be designed to reduce the Mach number oscillation of the flow field in the combustor, reducing the flow loss and improving the working performance of the combustor.
Numerical Investigation of Pressure Measurement by Pitot Tubes in Micro-scale Taylor Couette Flow with Hyper Rotational Speed and its Correction
Authors: Yuan Wenduo , Chen Kunxiang , Huang Ying , Lyu Yuan-wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As the most classic technique in fluid mechanics, the pitot tube has been employed for hundreds of years. Its feasibility is based on the premise that the measured fluid is ideal, irrotational, and incompressible, and the presence of pitot tube does not interfere with the measured flow field. However, the development of rotating machinery, especially Dynamic Gas Bearing, has brought about strong dissipation, large gradients, and scale effects in the shear flow between the rotor and stator, which urgently require pressure correction as conventional pitot tube has been utilized. The physical mechanism of the influence of the existence of pitot tubes on micro-scale shear flow has been revealed. The cavity formed by the pitot tubes interferes with the shear flow in the transition static gap, causing instability in the shear flow. Compared to the absence of a pitot tube, the pitot tube has brought 3.5% -10% of underprediction of mean pressure. the effects of rotational speed, clearance has been performed in microscale hyper-rotational speed shearing flow. A pressure correction method using the pitot tube pressure was presented for strong dissipation, large gradients, and scale effects, verifying its effectiveness in microscale hyper-rotational speed Taylor Coulter flow.
Analysis of Crack Control Effect in Reinforced Concrete T-Beams Strengthened with External Prestressing
Authors: Shen Tianjiao , Fan Ping , Dong Jun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
For urban bridges experiencing insufficient load-bearing capacity, external prestressing is a commonly adopted strengthening method. This study focuses on the crack control of reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened using external prestressing, using the Jiude Road Shengli Channel Bridge as a case study. By conducting static load tests on two main beams, we compared the strengthening effects. The results demonstrate that the method of strengthening reinforced concrete T-beams with external prestressing effectively controls the cracks in the main beams.
CFD simulation and Grid study of Flying Wing Standard Model
Authors: Shen Yingying , Cui Pengcheng , Chen Hongyang , Xiao Wei , Hu Xiangpeng , Zhao Jiao , Lv Luogeng , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to study the influence of mesh size variation on the numerical simulation of typical flying wing model, based on the verification and validation of NNW-FlowStar software, the numerical simulation of flying wing model with multiple sets of unstructured grids with succession variation in Ma=0.9 is carried out, and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient and pitching moment coefficient under corresponding conditions are obtained. Results show that as the height of the first layer decreases, lift coefficient is gradually approaching converged. When the height of the first layer reaches 0.04, the simulation error is already within 1%.
Comparison of different self-assembly methods for formation of a homogenous monolayer of polystyrene
Authors: Modrić-Šahbazović A , Gazdić I , Smajlagić A , Karić E , Babajić L , Dedić L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we report on the formation of nanomasks by polystirene (PS) spheres as small as 150 nm in diameter using different self-assembly methods. Spin coating method was the most efficient. The influence of spin speeds, spinning time, solution quantity is studied in order to achieve a large area close-packed monolayer. A relatively high surface coverage and uniform monolayer of PS spheres can be achieved by appropriate control of the preparative parameters. It can be useful in industrial applications, because of the fabrication speed, surface coverage, control over PS spheres and cost of the process.
Static measurement of magnetic hysteresis loop for spring steel and vacon 11 (metal-ceramic alloy NiFeCo) materials
Authors: Dupljanin Snježana , Čeliković Mirko , Mirjanić Dragoljub 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the results of magnetic hysteresis measurements for the materials spring steel and metal-ceramic alloy NiFeCo (Vacon 11). A static measurement was performed over a wide range of the external field H, from -10000 to 10000 A/m for the first material and from -12600 to 12600 A/m for the second. The B-H curve, also known as the hysteresis loop was created. Based on this curve, it was determined that both materials belong to the group of magnetically semi-hard materials, with coercivity ranging from 1000 to 50000 A/m. The measurement results were compared to the theoretical predictions of the analytical Fro hlich`s model, which indicated certain deviations from the measured values, with the largest deviation being 25.53%.
Identifying parameters impacting WASH STEM education across the globe
Authors: Orebiyi Mark Adebamibo , Moore Laura , Jones Stephen , Smith Virginia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study seeks to assess the parameters impacting successful water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) educational outreach. Previous studies have shown a correlation between underprivileged communities and significant impacts due to water related disasters, such as flooding or water related illnesses. As a result, for several decades the international development community has invested in WASH-related infrastructure. Lessons learned through these investments has shown the need for WASH educational outreach to build community awareness and encourage behavioral change, ultimately ensuring the sustainability and impact of the WASH infrastructure. Many WASH infrastructure programs have incorporated WASH education programs, particularly those led by the community. Often this occurs through primary and secondary schools. While WASH STEM education promotes local project ownership, leading to an increased understanding of water management and infrastructure resiliency, these educational programs are not always successful. There is a knowledge gap in understanding what makes WASH STEM education and outreach effective. This research project investigated some of the parameters influencing students’ performance on an assessment of WASH STEM curricula. This was done through deploying two water resource learning modules and assessments to secondary school students in Cambodia, India, Nicaragua, and the United States. The results revealed a correlation between how well the students comprehended the information according to the assessment and how relevant the students found the material to their own lives. The insight gained from this study can create more impactful WASH STEM education and outreach programs for water resource projects, and beyond.
Upgrading of low-grade iron using alkaline roasting
Authors: Faesal A , Naderajan L , Ishak K E H K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The characterization and upgrading of low-grade iron ore from Sungai Petani, Kedah, face significant challenges due to the presence of gangue minerals such as silica (Si), alumina (Al), and phosphorus (P). This study aims to address these challenges by comparing the effectiveness of alkali roasting and conventional roasting methods in enhancing the iron content of the ore. The iron ore samples, derived from the Sungai Petani region, were analyzed to determine their mineralogical and chemical characteristics. Alkali roasting and conventional roasting were implemented as pretreatment techniques. The results demonstrated that alkali roasting was significantly more effective than traditional roasting in upgrading the low-grade iron ore by facilitating the transformation of goethite into hematite, resulting in lower porosity and reduced gangue content.
Leaching of rare earth elements from Malaysian monazite: effect of dephosphorization
Authors: Erintina M D , Yunus A I Md , Mohamed A Z , Paulus W , Ismail S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Phosphates interfere the leaching process and raise environmental concerns when it comes to the extraction of rare earth elements (REEs) from monazite. This study investigates the dephosphorization behaviour of Malaysian monazite through a statistical design of experiments approach, focusing on the variables of baking reagents, roasting time, and temperature. The raw monazite sample was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, revealing the presence of phosphorus (P), rare earth elements (REEs) including cerium (Ce) and lanthanum (La), thorium (Th), and trace elements such as sodium (Na), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), and magnesium (Mg). The XRD analysis confirmed the dominance of CePO4 and LaPO4 phases in the monazite sample. The dephosphorization process was optimized, with the highest rare earth elements recovery achieved at 250°C for 4 hours using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the baking reagent. In addition, the sample with the lowest concentration of phosphorus leached 84.1% of the rare earth elements. It indicates that a high level of phosphorus removal can lead to a significant recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) and provides significant information for environmentally friendly REE extraction practices.
Utilization of Gamma & Weibull Distribution Functions in Validating Experimental-based Result of Ore Amenability for Coarse Gangue Rejection
Authors: Aslam I N , Ayuni R , Albijanic B , McGrath T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The mining industry faces two-pronged challenges, that is the increasing demand for commodities and declining ore quality, resulting in higher energy consumption and operational costs but poor productivity. Multiple methods have been proposed to address this issue, including early coarse gangue rejection which requires further amenability testing by either experiments and statistical analysis. Experimental approaches, such as Gangue Rejection Amenability Tests (GRAT), have demonstrated efficacy but required substantial time and resources. Statistical methodologies utilizing lognormal distributions offered an alternative, but unable to validate statistical outcomes against experimental results. This study investigated the potential of alternative statistical methods (i.e., gamma and Weibull distributions) to validate GRAT. Through the analysis of grade and density parameters data drawn from eight ore fractions, this research constructed an accurate statistical model for predicting ore separation results. The model’s accuracy was evaluated based on coefficient of determination, heterogeneity of data, and comparison of statistical predictions of cumulative mass and metal yield with laboratory results. The results of employing two distributions did not yield accurate predictions of GRAT results. The statistical values tended to be higher than the experimental results for both parameters. We suggested that alternative functions be tested for more representative and suitable use in coarse gangue rejection applications.
VME-EFD : A novel framework to eliminate the Electrooculogram artifact from single-channel EEGs
Authors: Noorbasha Sayedu Khasim , kumar Arun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The diagnosis of neurological disorders often involves analyzing EEG data, which can be contaminated by artifacts from eye movements or blinking (EOG). To improve the accuracy of EEG-based analysis, we propose a novel framework, VME-EFD, which combines Variational Mode Extraction (VME) and Empirical Fourier Decomposition (EFD) for effective EOG artifact removal. In this approach, the EEG signal is first decomposed by VME into two segments: the desired EEG signal and the EOG artifact. The EOG component is further processed by EFD, where decomposition levels are analyzed based on energy and skewness. The level with the highest energy and skewness, corresponding to the artifact, is discarded, while the remaining levels are reintegrated with the desired EEG. Simulations on both synthetic and real EEG datasets demonstrate that VME-EFD outperforms existing methods, with lower RRMSE (0.1358 versus 0.1557, 0.1823, 0.2079, 0.2748), lower ΔPSD in the α band (0.10 ± 0.01 and 0.17 ± 0.04 versus 0.89 ± 0.91 and 0.22 ± 0.19, 1.32 ± 0.23 and 1.10 ± 0.07, 2.86 ± 1.30 and 1.19 ± 0.07, 3.96 ± 0.56 and 2.42 ± 2.48), and higher correlation coefficient (CC: 0.9732 versus 0.9695, 0.9514, 0.8994, 0.8730). The framework effectively removes EOG artifacts and preserves critical EEG features, particularly in the α band, making it highly suitable for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
Evading the intermediate temperature brittleness of a precipitation-strengthened CoNiCr alloy by grain boundary engineering
Authors: Zhang Zhouqing , Ding Qingqing , Gao Yanfei , Wei Xiao , Zhang Ze , Bei Hongbin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intermediate temperature brittleness in alloys characterized as brittle fracture along grain boundaries (GBs) with less than 5% elongation to fracture (EF) at 600 °C–900 °C diminishes work hardening, leads to sudden failure under load, and thus threatens the reliability during the service of alloys. Here, in a precipitation-strengthened CoNiCr alloy, through two grain boundary engineering (GBE) methods, fiber-like γ′ or topologically close-packed phase is introduced at GBs, which effectively optimizes the grain structure and prevents GB cracking under tensile stresses. GBEs not only alter the deformation mode from dislocation pairs to stacking faults and/or deformation twins, but also transform the failure mode from GB cracking to GB void formation, because the crack propagation along GBs is constrained by GB bridging phases. Consequently, our GBE approach enhances tensile EF from ∼1% to ∼10% and concurrently increases the yield strength from ∼650 to ∼770–850 MPa at 800 °C. A cavity growth model is then developed to illustrate the role of these bridging phases in GBs for ductility improvement. The fundamental philosophy utilized in the present work might be also applicable to other metallic materials.
Uniform L1 error estimates for the semidiscrete finite element solutions of a parabolic integro-differential equation
Authors: Xu Da 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We analyze the semidiscrete piecewise linear finite element methods for parabolic integro-differential equations with some nonempty spectral sets that arise in the modeling of viscoelasticity fluid in porous media. The long time error estimates are obtained with smooth initial data. More precisely, by introducing piecewise linear finite element residual resolvent solution and its spectral resolution we derive optimal order $ L^{1}(0,\infty ;L^{2}(\varOmega )) $ error estimates with smooth initial data. Numerical experiments confirm the convergence rates of the proposed estimates.
Examining Psychosis Risk in Sexual Minority Youth: Increased Exposure to and Differential Impact of the Social Envirome in Early Adolescence
Authors: Sageot Margaux , Myin-Germeys Inez , Achterhof Robin , van Winkel Ruud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
Sexual minority populations have a higher prevalence of psychotic experiences (PE), possibly due to differential experiences within the social envirome in its positive (eg, social support, parenting) and negative aspects (eg, adverse life events, bullying). This study hypothesized that (1) sexual minority adolescents experience more PE, (2) are more exposed to harmful aspects of the social envirome, and (3) may display differential sensitivity to certain aspects of the social envirome.

Study Design
Data from 678 adolescents (mean age 15.6 years) were analyzed. Psychotic experiences were assessed using the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16). Aspects of the social envirome (childhood adversity, bullying, parenting style, and social support) were evaluated using different questionnaires.

Study Results
The odds ratio of having sexual minority status (SMS) was 1.98 (95 CI%, 1.02–3.84) for participants with PE (PQ-16 ≥ 6) compared to participants without. Significant associations were found between SMS and more adverse childhood experiences (95% CI, 0.11–3.51) and parenting psychological control (95% CI, 0.11–0.53), and less parenting autonomy support (95% CI, −0.37 to −0.01). There were also significant differential effects: adverse childhood experiences were associated with PE in heterosexuals but not in sexual minorities (95% CI, −0.34 to −0.03), while less social support was associated with more PE in heterosexuals but less PE in sexual minorities (95% CI, 0.06–0.39).

Conclusions
Sexual minority status is associated with a higher prevalence of PE, greater exposure to harmful factors within the social envirome, and differential effects on sexual minority and heterosexual individuals. These results emphasize the need for a fine-grained analysis of the envirome to understand the increased risk for PE in sexual minorities.