bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing impairment following surgically repaired congenital heart disease in children: a prospective study
Authors: Sakjirapapong Kanittha , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Thongyai Kanthong , Thirakulnanchai Yarlanphol , Chanthong Prakul , Chungsomprasong Paweena , Kanjanauthai Supaluck , Thammasate Ploy , Pacharapakornpong Thita , Boonchom Eakkarat , Durongpisitkul Kritvikrom , Soongswang Jarupim , Atipas Suvajana , Tocharoenchok Teerapong , Nitiyarom Ekarat , Tantiwongkosri Kriangkrai , Subtaweesin Thaworn 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children who underwent congenital cardiac surgery (CCS) by using a pre- and postoperative hearing test, a conventional audiometry, an extended high-frequency audiometry (HFA) or auditory steady-state response (ASSR), and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE).Study designThis prospective study enrolled children with CCS in Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between 2019 and 2023. Conventional audiometry including HFA or ASSR and DPOAE were performed pre- and postoperatively. The patients with bilateral abnormal hearing loss or an incomplete examination were excluded. Collected data included: demographics, cardiac surgery and ototoxic medication. Prevalence of SNHL by conventional audiometry and subclinical hearing impairment by HFA or DPOAE were ascertained, and risks were analysed.ResultsNinety-eight patients were eligible for the study. The median age (IQR) was 5.3 (1.5–9.6) years. Fifteen patients (15.3%) had univentricular hearts. The preoperative audiologic test was performed 1 day prior to the CCS. The postoperative test was performed at a median of 4.4 (IQR: 2.7–8.0) months postoperatively. Preoperative unilateral hearing impairments were reported in 17 patients (17.3%). Postoperatively, four patients (4.1%) showed significantly abnormal audiogram (> 25 dB) or 15 dB shift at 250–8000 Hz consistent to a new SNHL. Subclinical hearing impairment by HFA was affected in 10 patients (10.2%). Thirty-three patients (33.6%) had abnormal DPOAE exclusively. Therefore, new SNHL, including subclinical hearing loss, revealed a prevalence of ototoxicity up to 47.9%. Age <1 year at surgery was the independent risk of postoperative SNHL (adjusted OR 18.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 293.8, p=0.04).ConclusionRoutine post-CCS audiological surveillance especially CCS in infancy is recommended for early recognition and timely management based on the 43.8% subclinical and the 4.1% SNHL that was found in this study.Trial registration numberTCTR20200421001.
Firefighters’ occupational exposure to air pollution: impact on COPD and asthma—study protocol
Authors: Barbosa Joana V , Branco Pedro T B S , Alvim-Ferraz Maria C M , Martins Fernando G , Sousa Sofia I V 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionFirefighting continues to be among the most hazardous yet least studied occupations in terms of the impact of exposure to occupational disease. In particular, firefighters are at increased risk of adverse health effects due to exposure to significant levels of potentially harmful substances, namely carbon monoxide, particulate matter and formaldehyde, during their professional duties.This paper reports an epidemiologic study aiming to reduce the gaps in assessing the long-term effects of air pollution exposure to forest fires’ combat on firefighters, namely regarding chronic obstructive pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma.Methods and analysisBased on the implementation in an area with high forest fires (in Portugal), the study will analyse firefighters’ exposure to fire emissions by measuring air pollutants with personal exposure monitors during forest fire combat through a retrospective cohort study (exposed vs non-exposed). Moreover, based on answers to validated questionnaires and medical examinations to be performed by medical doctors, the study will assess the prevalence, incidence and exacerbation of COPD and asthma in firefighters, thus considering both short-term and long-term effects. Based on the results above referred, the study aims to evaluate the impact of exposure and inhalation dose of air pollutants during forest fires’ combat on the development of the above-referred chronic diseases. The approximate number of participants in the study will never be less than 186, guaranteeing 80% of study power (significant at a 5% level).Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Ethical Committee of Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João. The results will be published in international and national journals and conferences, allowing the results obtained to be communicated to the scientific community. Moreover, up-to-date data will be disseminated to stakeholders and decision-makers to help them decide on triggering official control measures.
Divergent lineage trajectories and genetic landscapes in human gastric intestinal metaplasia organoids associated with early neoplastic progression
Authors: Yue Sarah S K , Tong Yin , Siu Hoi Cheong , Ho Siu Lun , Law Simon Y K , Tsui Wai Yin , Chan Dessy , Huang Yuanhua , Chan Annie S Y , Yun Shui Wa , Hui Ho Sang , Choi Jee-Eun , Hsu Matthew S S , Lai Frank P L , Chan April S , Yuen Siu Tsan , Clevers Hans , Leung Suet Yi , Yan Helen H N 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundGastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous stage spanning a morphological spectrum that is poorly represented by human cell line models.ObjectiveWe aim to establish and characterise human IM cell models to better understand IM progression along the cancer spectrum.DesignA large human gastric IM organoid (IMO) cohort (n=28), their clonal derivatives and normal gastric organoids (n=42) for comparison were established. Comprehensive multi-omics profiling and functional characterisation were performed.ResultsSingle-cell transcriptomes revealed IMO cells spanning a spectrum from hybrid gastric/intestinal to advanced intestinal differentiation. Their lineage trajectories connected different cycling and quiescent stem and progenitors, highlighting differences in gastric to IM transition and the potential origin of IM fromSTMN1cycling isthmus stem cells. Hybrid IMOs showed impaired differentiation potential, high lineage plasticity beyond gastric or intestinal fates and reactivation of a fetal gene programme.Cell populations in gastric IM and cancer tissues were highly similar to those derived from IMOs and exhibited a fetal signature. Genomically, IMOs showed elevated mutation burden, frequent chromosome 20 gain and epigenetic deregulation of many intestinal and gastric genes. Functionally, IMOs were FGF10 independent and showed downregulated FGFR2. Several IMOs exhibited a cell-matrix adhesion independent subpopulation that displayed chromosome 20 gain but lacked key cancer driver mutations, potentially representing the earliest neoplastic precursor of IM-induced gastric cancer.ConclusionsOverall, our IMO biobank captured the heterogeneous nature of IM, revealing mechanistic insights on IM pathogenesis and progression, offering an ideal platform for studying early gastric neoplastic transformation and chemoprevention.
IL-18R supported CAR T cells targeting oncofetal tenascin C for the immunotherapy of pediatric sarcoma and brain tumors
Authors: Wickman Elizabeth , Lange Shannon , Wagner Jessica , Ibanez Jorge , Tian Liqing , Lu Meifen , Sheppard Heather , Chiang Jason , Koo Selene C , Vogel Peter , Langfitt Deanna , Perry S Scott , Shanmugam Raghuvaran , Bell Matthew , Shaw Timothy I , Krenciute Giedre , Zhang Jinghui , Gottschalk Stephen 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOncofetal splice variants of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins present a unique group of target antigens for the immunotherapy of pediatric cancers. However, limited data is available if these splice variants can be targeted with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs).MethodsTo determine the expression of the oncofetal version of tenascin C (TNC) encoding the C domain (C.TNC) in pediatric brain and solid tumors, we used quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry. Genetically modified T cells were generated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsWe demonstrate that C.TNC is expressed on a protein level in pediatric tumors, including diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. We generate C.TNC-CAR T cells and establish that these recognize and kill C.TNC-positive tumor cells. However, their antitumor activity in vivo is limited. To improve the effector function of C.TNC-CAR T cells, we design a leucine zipper-based chimeric cytokine receptor that activates interleukin-18 signaling pathways (Zip18R). Expression of Zip18R in C.TNC-CAR T cells improves their ability to secrete cytokines and expand in repeat stimulation assays. C.TNC-CAR.Zip18R T cells also have significantly greater antitumor activity in vivo compared with unmodified C.TNC-CAR T cells.ConclusionsOur study identifies the C domain of the ECM protein TNC as a promising CAR T-cell therapy for pediatric solid tumors and brain tumors. While we focus here on pediatric cancer, our work has relevance to a broad range of adult cancers that express C.TNC.
Risk of fall with device-based advanced treatments in Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Rajalingam Rajasumi , Sorrento Gianluca , Fasano Alfonso 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) and infusion therapies are effective treatments for the motor complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but less established is their role in fall prevention. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate the risk of falls associated with advanced therapies in PD.MethodsFollowing PRISMA-NMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses for Network Meta-analyses) guidelines, we searched PubMed, Medline, Embase and CINAHL up to 20 March 2024. Eligibility criteria based on PICOS (Population Intervention Control Outcome Study design) framework were used for DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), or infusion therapies, compared with best medical treatment (BMT) or sham stimulation. Pairwise meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan V.5.4, and NMA using the netmeta package in R software.ResultsFourteen studies were included. A higher number of falls were observed in the DBS group compared with BMT, although the difference was not significant. Sensitivity analysis excluding a heterogeneity-contributing study showed a significantly higher fall risk in the DBS group (Risk Ratio (RR)=2.74, 95% CI 1.60, 4.67, p=0.0002). Subgroup analyses indicated that levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel tended towards increased fall risk, while continuous subcutaneous infusion of (fos)levodopa (CSCI) significantly decreased risk with high certainty of evidence. NMA showed CSCI as the most effective in reducing falls, while STN DBS was associated with the highest risk.ConclusionsDBS, especially targeting the STN, may increase fall risk compared with other advanced non-DBS procedures. While LCIG might not alter fall risk, preliminary evidence suggests that CSCI positively affects fall prevention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023420637.
Overspinning problem in Kerr black holes: second order corrections and self-energy
Authors: Vásquez Iván R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider gedanken experiments to destroy Kerr black holes, by means of absorbing matter with sufficient energy and angular momentum. It is shown that extremal and near-extremal Kerr black holes cannot be destroyed in a process that includes a second order contribution to its final mass, and matter sources satisfy the null energy condition. Such contribution is calculated using hypersurface integration on the event horizon, and it traces similarities with terms related to matter-black hole interactions and a rotational self-energy lower bound suggested in previous works.
Design of Area-Efficient and Low-Power Magnetic Full Adder
Authors: Sreeja R. R. , Kamala J. , Sahaana K. 
Published: November 2024

Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) is an extensively used promising technology for developing integrated circuits, such as memory chips, microprocessors and microcontrollers with high noise immunity. However, deep scaling of CMOS technology ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]nm) suffers from various impediments at the device and architectural level, namely high leakage current, increased radiation sensitivity, more die area and dynamic power dissipation. To overcome these limitations of CMOS devices, logic-in-memory (LIM) structures have been developed with spin-based devices like Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs). MTJs are not affected by external particles and feature zero standby power. The MTJs in magnetic logic circuit and magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) applications are robust against radiation, high speed, low leakage power, nonvolatility and easily compatible with the back end. Existing magnetic full adder (MFA) techniques require augmented circuits for seamless operation. A major drawback in the existing MFA structure is the data loss due to single event upset (SEU) and poor sensitivity of pre-charge sense amplifiers (PCSAs) to input arrival timing. This paper proposes an MTJ-based nonvolatile magnetic full adder (NV-MFA) using 10T logic to address the above issues. The output buffer circuit is designed with a read-write parallel switching (RWPS) writing circuit based on spin orbit torque (SOT). The proposed circuit is more immune to the fault occurrence compared with the existing pass transistor and PCSA-based MFA logic. It leads to reduced power dissipation, die area and delay. Perpendicular anisotropy MTJ (CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB) model is chosen for the MTJ structure. It is suitable for efficient MRAM structure. The transient response is verified on Cadence virtuoso using 45[Formula: see text]nm gpdk CMOS technology. The simulation analysis shows the performance is enhanced with fault-free data output and improved reliability compared with previous MFAs.
Moat: Adaptive Inside/Outside Detection System for Smart Homes
Authors: Wang Chixiang , He Weijia , Pierson Timothy J. , Kotz David 
Published: November 2024

Smart-home technology is now pervasive, demanding increased attention to the security of the devices and the privacy of the home's residents. To assist residents in making security and privacy decisions - e.g., whether to allow a new device to connect to the network, or whether to be alarmed when an unknown device is discovered - it helps to know whether the device is inside the home, or outside.
In this paper we present MOAT, a system that leverages Wi-Fi sniffers to analyze the physical properties of a device's wireless transmissions to infer whether that device is located inside or outside of a home. MOAT can adaptively self-update to accommodate changes in the home indoor environment to ensure robust long-term performance. Notably, MOAT does not require prior knowledge of the home's layout or cooperation from target devices, and is easy to install and configure.
We evaluated MOAT in four different homes with 21 diverse commercial smart devices and achieved an overall balanced accuracy rate of up to 95.6%. Our novel periodic adaptation technique allowed our approach to maintain high accuracy even after rearranging furniture in the home. MOAT is a practical and efficient first step for monitoring and managing devices in a smart home.
Applying an Untargeted Metabolomic Strategy to Explore the Interventional Effect and Mechanism of NMN on Aging Model Mice
Authors: Lin Yuxian , Wu Yan , Zhu Yuanying , Luo Ting , Sun Zheng , Liu Xuecun , Yu Yingcong , Xu Hui 
Published: November 2024

Background: Aging is usually accompanied by a significant decline in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a crucial precursor molecule of NAD+ with a variety of bioactivities beneficial to health, and the present study just aimed to explore the antiaging effects of NMN and the mechanism of action by using a nontargeted metabolomic strategy.Methods: An aging mouse model induced by D‐galactosamine (D‐gal) was established, which was followed by treatment with NMN (at doses of 100 to 500 mg/kg per day) via oral administration for 10 weeks. The physiological and biochemical changes involved in the aging process were closely monitored to investigate the interventional effects of NMN. Plasma samples were subjected to assay by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HRMS to reveal the mechanism of action via systematic data mining and statistical analysis.Results: D‐gal injection at a dose of 500 mg/kg per day for 7 weeks successfully induced the aging model in mice. Long‐term supplementation with NMN could significantly improve the antioxidant and immune function, boost lipid metabolism, and reduce aging‐related inflammatory response in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The nontargeted metabolomic analysis further demonstrated that the interventional effect of NMN on aging mice may be closely related to the regulation of lipid and purine metabolism.Conclusions: Long‐term NMN supplementation could display robust antiaging effects mainly by regulating lipid and purine metabolism, which thus deserves great attention for antiaging intervention.
Multiomics Analysis Reveals Molecular Changes during Early Progression of Precancerous Lesions to Lung Adenocarcinoma in Never-Smokers
Authors: Chen Yun-Ching , Hsu Chia-Lang , Wang Hui-Min , Wu Shang-Gin , Chang Yih-Leong , Chen Jin-Shing , Wu Yu-Ching , Lin Yen-Ting , Yang Ching-Yao , Lin Mong-Wei , Lee Jang-Ming , Kuo Shuenn-Wen , Chen Ke-Cheng , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Huang Pei-Ming , Huang Yen-Lin , Yu Chong-Jen , Pirooznia Mehdi , Huang Bevan E. , Yang Rob , Shih Jin-Yuan , Yang Pan-Chyr 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer mortality globally, and the prevalence of lung adenocarcinoma, the most common lung cancer subtype, has increased sharply in East Asia. Early diagnosis leads to better survival rates, but this requires an improved understanding of the molecular changes during early tumorigenesis, particularly in nonsmokers. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of samples from 94 East Asian patients with precancerous lesions [25 with atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH); 69 with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS)] and 73 patients with early invasive lesions [minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA)]. Cellular analysis revealed that the activities of endothelial and stromal cells could be used to categorize tumors into molecular subtypes within pathologically defined types of lesions. The subtypes were linked with the radiologically defined type of lesions and corresponded to immune cell infiltration throughout the early progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Spatial transcriptomic analysis revealed the distribution of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and plasma cells within MIA samples. Characterization of the molecular lesion subtypes identified positively selected mutational patterns and suggested that angiogenesis in the late-stage AIS type potentially contributes to tissue invasion of the MIA type. This study offers a resource that may help improve early diagnosis and patient prognosis, and the findings suggest possible approaches for early disease interception.
Significance: Integrative analysis of multiomics data revealed coordination between immune and nonimmune cells during early progression of precancerous lesions to lung adenocarcinomas and shed light on the molecular characteristics of clinically defined subtypes.
Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment and the Potential of Dietary Interventions for the Prevention and Mitigation of Neurodegeneration
Authors: Crowder Sylvia L. , Gudenkauf Lisa M. , Hoogland Aasha I. , Han Hyo S. , Small Brent J. , Carson Tiffany L. , Parker Nathan H. , Booth-Jones Margaret , Jim Heather S.L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Approximately 35% of long-term cancer survivors experience ongoing cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Yet, few efficacious interventions exist to prevent or ameliorate CRCI. The underlying biological processes driving CRCI are complex and are reported to include changes in brain structure and function, increased oxidative stress and inflammation, and alterations in gut microbiome composition. Some of the mechanisms promoting CRCI have the potential to be modified through behavioral changes, such as dietary changes. Compelling evidence from randomized controlled trials and observational research supports the positive impacts of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet on cognition outside of the context of cancer, but studies investigating the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet as an intervention for people who experience CRCI are lacking. This review examines the current state of the science for cognitive outcomes of dietary interventions in aging populations and discusses future opportunities to adapt these interventions to cancer populations.
Patterns of Subsequent Cancer Incidence Over Time in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Deng Zhengyi , Visvanathan Kala 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer survivors face a higher risk of subsequent primary cancers. This study investigated the patterns of subsequent cancer risk according to time since breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods:
Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (2000–2018), we identified a cohort of 771,681 breast cancer survivors. Standard incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated by comparing the observed with the expected number of subsequent cancers over different follow-up periods since breast cancer diagnosis. Analyses were conducted for multiple cancer types, stratified by hormone receptor status, treatment of the first breast cancer, age, and race/ethnicity.

Results:
Survivors experienced a 16% increased risk of subsequent cancer with the SIR continuing to increase with longer follow-up (SIR = 1.04, 1.22, and 1.31 for 12–59, 60–119, and ≥120 months). This trend was driven primarily by a subsequent breast cancer, particularly among women &lt;50 years of age, those with initial hormone receptor–negative cancer, and racial/ethnic minorities. The patterns of subsequent non-breast cancer risk varied by type. An early-onset and sustained increased risk was observed for subsequent leukemia, thyroid cancer, soft-tissue sarcoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and uterine cancer. A delayed increased risk was observed for subsequent esophageal, ovarian, oral cavity/pharyngeal, and lung cancers, whereas for small intestine, stomach, kidney, and colorectal cancers, there was a decrease after an initial increased risk.

Conclusions:
Patterns in subsequent cancer risk since breast cancer diagnosis differ by cancer type and characteristics of the first breast cancer.

Impact:
These findings can inform etiology and tailored approaches to screening and prevention of subsequent cancers.