bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional politics of an urban age: Can Europe’s former industrial cities create a new industrial economy to combat climate change and social unravelling?
Authors: Power Anne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcross Europe, cities are struggling to cope with the loss of industrial jobs; decay of urban infrastructure; in-migration (most often from poorer regions); outward sprawl pressures; traffic congestion and transport bottlenecks. The environmental consequences of continuing urban development are deeply threatening to the survival of both city and countryside. Growing anti-immigrant sentiments, sluggish growth and intense inequality provoke a level of disaffection and marginalisation that threaten social cohesion, with highly divisive consequences. This article, based on a ten year study of seven European cities, argues that recovery is under way in ex-industrial cities with major reinvestment from national and European funds. Transformative deals and innovations have created new jobs and led to population regrowth after years of decline. There are hopeful signs that in different parts of Europe–North, South, East and West–a new phase of growth in core cities is emerging, based on university-civic business partnerships; reuse and remodelling of existing, devalued infrastructure; reinvestment and expansion of rail and water networks; the growth in advanced manufacturing; reduced energy use and the spread of renewable energy; innovative research and technology; city centre and neighbourhood restoration and integration. Europe’s former industrial cities are part of much bigger metropolitan areas or city regions and some benefits are spreading out from core cities to more peripheral areas, although this is often swamped by poverty and unemployment, skills mismatch and inadequate reinvestment. A complex patchwork of changes is driven by a new kind of city leadership; growing collaboration between the core and periphery of cities; central government and Europe-wide concern both to devolve more powers and reduce dependence on central funds; regional devolution and metropolitan level programmes–particularly in areas of skills, research and development, infrastructure, and umbrella services backed with cash and political enthusiasm. Cities are recovering across the world’s most urban continent by combining reuse and new inventions, which deliver more sustainable economies.
Directly light-regulated binding of RGS-LOV photoreceptors to anionic membrane phospholipids
Authors: Glantz Spencer T. , Berlew Erin E. , Jaber Zaynab , Schuster Benjamin S. , Gardner Kevin H. , Chow Brian Y. 
Published: July 2018

SignificanceLight–oxygen–voltage (LOV) domain photoreceptors are found ubiquitously in nature and possess highly diverse signaling roles and mechanisms. Here, we show that a class of fungal LOV proteins dynamically associates with anionic plasma membrane phospholipids by a blue light-switched electrostatic interaction. This reversible association is rapidly triggered by blue light and ceases within seconds when illumination ceases. Within the native host, we predict that these proteins regulate G-protein signaling by the controlled recruitment of fused regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) domains; in applied contexts, we anticipate that engineered chimeric versions of such proteins will be useful for rapid optogenetic membrane localization of fused proteins through direct interaction with the membrane itself, without requiring additional components to direct subcellular localization.
Documenting the Link Between Poor Food Access and Less Healthy Product Assortment Across the U.S.
Authors: Chenarides Lauren , Jaenicke Edward C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper, which investigates food access and underserved areas in the U.S., differs from most existing research by explicitly examining food retailers' in‐store product availability, a retailing outcome that might exacerbate or mitigate consumer impacts of residing in areas with poor food access. Using detailed retailer scanner data from 2010–2015 and measures of food access, we investigate the relationship between healthy product assortments and food access. Our results consistently show a negative and significant relationship between census tracts with poor food access and healthy product assortments featuring fruits and vegetables. This finding provides rigorous documentation for what other researchers have claimed, namely that consumers who reside in underserved communities and are already burdened with poor food access endure the hardship of facing less healthy assortments of food items.
Surgical Breast Pocket Irrigation With Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl): An In Vivo Evaluation of Pocket Protein Content and Potential HOCl Antimicrobial Capacity
Authors: Haws Melinda J , Gingrass Mary K , Porter R Stephen , Brindle C Tod 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) demonstrates rapid and broad antimicrobial activity against planktonic and biofilm phenotype bacteria in vitro.

Objectives
To identify the protein content present in breast pockets in vivo and calculate the estimated active concentration of HOCl, (PhaseOne, Integrated Healing Technologies, Franklin, TN) following HOCl-protein interactions.

Methods
Fluid samples were collected prior to implant insertion in 18 consecutive patients, representing 36 pocket samples, with all cases being bilateral primary breast augmentations. Samples were evaluated by an independent CLIA approved laboratory for albumin and total protein concentration in g/dL. Results were compared to HOCl solution concentration and protein binding potential to determine availability of free HOCl.

Results
The mean tissue sample concentration (right and left breast) was 31.6 mg/dL which translates to 0.0001 mmol per 20 cc of interstitial fluid. Mean total protein levels (right and left breast) were 62.3 mg/dL or 0.000187 mmol per 20 cc interstitial fluid. Based upon potential stoichiometric neutralization of HOCl by proteins in either a 1:1 or 3:1 ratio, using 115 cc of HOCl solution (per breast) at a concentration of 250 ppm/mL or 0.025% HOCl or = 0.48 mmol HOCl/dL, there would be 2950 times the amount of active HOCl at a 1:1 reaction ratio, or 983 times more HOCl assuming a 3:1 reaction ratio. Based on the range of identified levels of protein in individual surgical pockets in the study, there is an estimated 242 to 12,500 times more HOCl molecules than protein at a 3:1 molar ratio of binding or reactive protein.

Conclusions
An estimated range of 983-2950 times more HOCl molecules are present during irrigation with 230 cc of PhaseOne® (115 cc for each breast) than available protein. This supports the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity as described in previous in vitro studies when using PhaseOne® as part of pocket irrigation.

Level of Evidence: 5
Safety and Efficacy of a Scar Cream Consisting of Highly Selective Growth Factors Within a Silicone Cream Matrix: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Multicenter Study
Authors: Zoumalan Christopher I , Tadayon Shiva C , Roostaeian Jason , Rossi Anthony M , Gabriel Allen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral growth factors and hyaluronic acid are implicated in fetal scarless healing. Whether these factors can be applied to an adult scar to improve scar characteristics is unknown.ObjectivesThis study compared the efficacy and safety of SKN2017B, a proprietary topical cream consisting of selective synthetic recombinant human growth factors and hyaluronic acid in a silicone base containing a specifically formulated silicone cream for postsurgical scar treatment.MethodsIn this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study, unilateral or bilateral facial or truncal scars in adult surgical patients were randomly treated with SKN2017B or silicone cream. Study investigators, study patients, and 2 independent reviewers assessed improvement in scar characteristics after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment.ResultsForty-nine bilateral and 12 unilateral scars in 45 patients were treated with SKN2017B or silicone. At 12 weeks, investigators rated 74% of scars treated with SKN2017B as showing overall improvement vs 54% of silicone-treated scars, a 73% relative improvement with SKN2017B (P &lt; 0.0001). Patients rated a moderate-to-significant improvement in 85% of SKN2017B-treated scars vs 51% of silicone-treated scars, a 67% relative improvement with SKN2017B (P &lt; 0.001). Independent reviewers rated 87% of scars treated with SKN2017B to be better overall vs 1% of scars treated with silicone (P &lt; 0.0001). There were no tolerability issues or adverse reactions with either cream.ConclusionsSKN2017B consists of highly selective growth factors within a silicone cream matrix and is well tolerated and effective for surgical scar management.Level of Evidence: 1
Resection of a Pediatric Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Woodroffe Royce W , Zanaty Mario , Kirby Patricia , Dlouhy Brian J , Menezes Arnold H 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This video is a case presentation and demonstration of surgical approach to a pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumor (IMSCT). IMSCT can be associated with significant morbidity and aggressive resection is associated with more favorable long-term outcome. A 13-yr-old male presented to clinic for evaluation of rapidly progressive scoliosis to the left. A contrasted MRI revealed expansion of the spinal cord with edema from approximately T3 to T9 and an enhancing lesion at T6-7 associated with a small cyst. On neurological exam, the patient had good strength throughout, but decreased sensation in the T7-12 dermatomes and decreased deep tendon reflexes in his lower extremities. The procedure included T5 to T8 osteoplastic laminectomies and IMSCT resection followed by spinal reconstruction. Intraoperative ultrasound was used to verify the tumor's location and somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were monitored throughout the procedure. Intraoperative consultation with neuropathology suggested the mass was likely pilocytic astrocytoma; therefore, it was aggressively debulked using microsurgical techniques including an ultrasonic aspirator. There was a plane between the tumor and spinal cord white matter allowing for a gross total resection. Postoperatively the patient had good strength throughout and sensation was intact except for continued numbness of the anterior thigh bilaterally. Immediate postoperative MRI demonstrated complete resection of the tumor without residual enhancement and the patient was ultimately discharged home on postoperative day 8. Follow-up imaging remained stable at 2 mo and the patient continued to do well neurologically. All patient identifiers were removed from the presented material, thus, patient consent was not obtained.
Results of Transcranial Resection of Olfactory Groove Meningiomas in Relation to Imaging-Based Case Selection Criteria for the Endoscopic Approach
Authors: Patel Krunal , Kolias Angelos G , Santarius Thomas , Mannion Richard J , Kirollos Ramez W 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) is increasingly used for olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs). The role of EES for large (≥4 cm) or complex OGMs is debated. Specific imaging features have been reported to affect the degree of gross total resection (GTR) and complications following EES for OGMs. The influence of these factors on transcranial resection (TCR) is unknown.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the impact of specific imaging features on outcome following TCR to provide a standard for large and endoscopically less favorable OGMs against which endoscopic outcomes can be compared.

METHODS
Retrospective study of patients undergoing TCR for OGMs 2002 to 2016.

RESULTS
Fifty patients (mean age 62.1 yr, mean maximum tumor diameter 5.04 cm and average tumor volume of 48.8 cm3) were studied. Simpson grade 1 and 2 resections were achieved in 80% and 12%, respectively. A favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0-2) was attained in 86%. The degree of resection, mRS, mortality (4%), recurrence (6%), infection (8%), and cerebrospinal fluid leak requiring intervention (12%) were not associated with tumor calcification, absence of cortical cuff, T2 hyperintensity, tumor configuration, tumor extension beyond midpoint of superior orbital roof, or extension to posterior wall of frontal sinus. There was no difference in resection rates but a trend towards greater complications between 3 arbitrarily divided groups of large meningiomas of increasing complexity based on extensive extension or vascular adherence.

CONCLUSION
Favorable outcomes can be achieved with TCR for large and complex OGMs Factors that may preclude endoscopic resection do not negatively affect outcome following TCR.
Pore‐forming toxin‐like protein complex expressed by frog promotes tissue repair
Authors: Gao Zhen-Hua , Deng Cheng-Jie , Xie Yue-Ying , Guo Xiao-Long , Wang Qi-Quan , Liu Ling-Zhen , Lee Wen-Hui , Li Sheng-An , Zhang Yun 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTissue repair is a highly dynamic process, and the immediate onset of acute inflammation has been considered necessary for repair. Pore‐forming proteins are important, both in pathogen invasion and host immunity. However, their roles in wound healing and tissue repair are unclear. βγ‐crystallin fused aerolysin‐like protein (α‐subunit) and trefoil factor (β‐subunit) complex (βγ‐CAT) is a complex of a bacterial pore‐forming toxin aerolysin‐like protein and trefoil factor identified in the frog Bombina maxima. In this study, we established mouse cutaneous wound models to explore the effects of βγ‐CAT on skin wound healing. βγ‐CAT accelerated the healing of full‐thickness wounds by improving re‐epithelialization. This complex relieved dermal edema and promoted scarless healing. βγ‐CAT treatment resulted in a rapid release of IL‐1β, which initiated an acute inflammation response in the early stage of healing. Meanwhile, the expression levels of TGF‐β1, VEGF, and bFGF and the recruitment of M2 macrophages around the wound significantly increased after βγ‐CAT treatment. βγ‐CAT protected skin wounds against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus by improving neutrophil recruitment at the site of the wound. Overall, our results suggest that βγ‐CAT can promote tissue repair and protect skin wounds against antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infection by triggering the acute inflammatory response. This is the first example that aerolysin‐like pore‐forming proteins widely existing in plants and animals may act in wound healing and tissue repair.—Gao, Z.‐H., Deng, C.‐J., Xie, Y.‐Y., Guo, X.‐L., Wang, Q.‐Q., Liu, L.‐Z., Lee, W.‐H., Li, S.‐A., Zhang, Y., Pore‐forming toxin‐like protein complex expressed by frog promotes tissue repair. FASEB J. 33, 782–795 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Systemic Inflammatory Markers Among Waterpipe Smokers, Cigarette Smokers, and Nonsmokers
Authors: Kumari Bhavita , Aslam Syeda Kanwal , Zaheer Sidra , Adil Syed Omair , Shafique Kashif 
Published: July 2018

Objective:
To determine the levels of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) among exclusive groups of waterpipe (WP) smokers, cigarette smokers, and nonsmokers.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults, apparently healthy individuals, aged between 18 and 40 years of either gender. NLR and PLR as measures of systemic inflammation were studied in association with individuals’ sociodemographic, health, and tobacco use related characteristics. The results of linear and logistic regression models were reported as crude and adjusted beta coefficients and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:
Out of 190 participants, 34.2% (n = 65) exclusively smoked WP, 32.6% (n = 62) smoked cigarettes, and 33.2% (n = 63) were nonsmokers. The mean NLR and PLR were significantly higher among WP smokers when compared with nonsmokers; however, the comparison between WP smokers and cigarette smokers for both NLR and PLR was not statistically significant. The odds of raised NLR was 4.40 times higher (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI = 1.97, 9.85), and the odds of raised PLR was 3.48 times higher (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.60, 7.57) for WP smokers compared to nonsmokers.

Conclusions:
WP smoking has a significant association with systemic inflammation as measured by NLR and PLR. The study and existing evidence implicate an urging need to regulate WP industry and its policies.
Electromyographic Effect of Using Different Attentional Foci During the Front Plank Exercise
Authors: Calatayud Joaquin , Casaña Jose , Martín Fernando , Jakobsen Markus D. , Andersen Lars L. , Colado Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2018

Objective
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether an internal focus on different core muscles during the isometric prone plank exercise increased muscle activity.

Design
Twenty university students performed the following five different conditions: regular prone plank (external focus) and prone plank with an internal focus on different muscles. Surface electromyography signals were recorded for the upper rectus abdominis, lower rectus abdominis, external oblique, and lumbar erector spinae.

Results
For the upper rectus abdominis, an internal focus on using any muscle increased activity. For the lower rectus abdominis, internal focus on any muscle except the lumbar erector spinae increased activity. No changes were found for external oblique and lumbar erector spinae activity.

Conclusions
Upper rectus abdominis and lower rectus abdominis activities increased during an internal focus on the abdominal muscles. external oblique and lumbar erector spinae activities were nonaffected by an internal focus on any muscle.
Effect of Depression on Adherence to Oral PrEP Among Men and Women in East Africa
Authors: Velloza Jennifer , Baeten Jared M. , Haberer Jessica , Ngure Kenneth , Irungu Elizabeth , Mugo Nelly R. , Celum Connie , Heffron Renee ,   for the Partners Demonstration Project Team
Published: July 2018

Background:
Low adherence can undermine the efficacy of daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Mental health conditions, particularly depression, could be associated with low PrEP adherence, especially for women.

Setting:
We analyzed data from 1013 Kenyan and Ugandan HIV-uninfected participants in the Partners Demonstration Project, an open-label study of PrEP delivered to HIV-uninfected members of serodiscordant couples.

Methods:
Participants completed quarterly visits over 2 years and were encouraged to use PrEP until their partners living with HIV had ≥6 months of antiretroviral therapy use (when viral suppression was expected). PrEP adherence was measured daily with electronic medication event monitoring system caps and dichotomized into low (<80% of expected bottle openings) and high adherence. Depression was assessed annually using the 16-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist screening tool; scores >1.75 indicate “probable depression.” The association between probable depression and PrEP adherence was assessed separately for men and women using generalized estimating equations and marginal structural models.

Results:
At enrollment, 39 (11.7% of 334) women and 64 (9.4% of 679) men reported symptoms indicating probable depression, and these proportions decreased during follow-up (P < 0.001 for women and men). Probable depression was significantly associated with low PrEP adherence among women (adjusted risk ratio = 1.77; 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 2.77; P = 0.01); there was no association between depression and adherence among men (P = 0.50). Marginal structural models and sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings.

Conclusions:
Depression was relatively uncommon in this population and was an independent risk factor for low PrEP adherence among women. For PrEP programs targeting African women, integration of depression screening may improve PrEP effectiveness.
Robust dynamical invariants in sequential neural activity
Authors: Elices Irene , Levi Rafael , Arroyo David , Rodriguez Francisco B. , Varona Pablo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy studying different sources of temporal variability in central pattern generator circuits, in this paper we unveil distinct aspects of the instantaneous balance between flexibility and robustness in sequential dynamics –a property that characterizes many systems that display neural rhythms. The level of irregularity and coordination was characterized using intrinsic time references and intervals in long recordings of the pyloric central pattern generator. The analysis demonstrated strong robustness of transient dynamics in keeping not only the activation sequences but also specific cycle-by-cycle temporal relationships in the form of dynamical invariants. The rich dynamics of neurons and connections balance flexibility and coordination to readily negotiate the interactions between neurons and produce the resultant rhythm. In particular, two dynamical invariants were identified between time intervals that build the sequence, existing even outside steady states. We suggest that invariant temporal sequence relationships could be present in other networks, including those related to brain rhythms, and underlie rhythm programming and functionality.
Torsional stress generated by ADF/cofilin on cross-linked actin filaments boosts their severing
Authors: Wioland Hugo , Jégou Antoine , Romet-Lemonne Guillaume 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProteins of the Actin Depolymerizing Factor (ADF)/cofilin family are the central regulators of actin filament disassembly. A key function of ADF/cofilin is to sever actin filaments. However, how it does so in a physiological context, where filaments are interconnected and under mechanical stress, remains unclear. Here, we monitor and quantify the action of ADF/cofilin in different mechanical situations by using single molecule, single filament, and filament network techniques, coupled to microfluidics. We find that local curvature favors severing, while tension surprisingly has no effect on either cofilin binding or severing. Remarkably, we observe that filament segments that are held between two anchoring points, thereby constraining their twist, experience a mechanical torque upon cofilin binding. We find that this ADF/cofilin-induced torque does not hinder ADF/cofilin binding, but dramatically enhances severing. A simple model, which faithfully recapitulates our experimental observations, indicates that the ADF/cofilin-induced torque increases the severing rate constant 100-fold. A consequence of this mechanism, which we verify experimentally, is that cross-linked filament networks are severed by cofilin far more efficiently than non-connected filaments. We propose that this mechano-chemical mechanism is critical to boost ADF/cofilin’s ability to sever highly connected filament networks in cells.