bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of 15 microsatellite loci in the endangered Streptanthus glandulosus subsp. niger (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Swope Sarah M. , Pepper Alan E. , Lee Geneva T. , Burnett Brittany A. , Horten Hannah M. 
Published: January 2019

Premise of the StudyThe endangered Streptanthus glandulosus subsp. niger (Brassicaceae) is endemic to a single peninsula in California and threatened by fragmentation. We developed microsatellite markers to investigate genetic diversity in the two extant populations and the degree to which they have diverged from one another.Methods and ResultsWe used Illumina HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing to develop 15 microsatellite markers, 14 of which were polymorphic. These di‐ and trinucleotide repeats yielded one to 11 alleles per locus in 61 plants across the two populations. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.108 to 0.946 and 0.257 to 0.839, respectively. We demonstrated cross‐amplification in a second rare subspecies, S. glandulosus subsp. secundus, and in the widespread congener S. tortuosus.ConclusionsThese are the first microsatellites reported for this subspecies, and they will aid in the inclusion of genetic information in conservation planning. Cross‐amplification was demonstrated in two related taxa, including one of conservation concern.
Habitat configuration for an obligate shallow‐water delphinid: The Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis, in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin)
Authors: Huang Shiang‐Lin , Peng Chongwei , Chen Mo , Wang Xianyan , Jefferson Thomas A. , Xu Youhou , Yu Xueying , Lao Yanling , Li Jian , Huang Hu , Wu Haiping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Habitat configuration is an important baseline to delineate protected area design, refine impact mitigation measures and define habitat protection plans for threatened species. For coastal delphinids, outlining their habitat configuration becomes a real challenge when faced with large distribution ranges that straddle international borders, leaving broad information gaps in uninvestigated areas.
This study projected likely habitats of Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) based on occurrence data and remotely sensed oceanographic characteristics. Net primary productivity was derived to measure the ecosystem service of humpback dolphin habitats.
Bathymetry and chlorophyll‐a concentration are major variables contributing to humpback dolphin habitat configuration, which is characterized by shallow water depth and high primary productivity. Three major, likely habitats were identified in the northern Beibu Gulf from western Leizhou Peninsula to the China–Vietnam border, western Gulf of Tonkin from the Red River estuary to the central coast of Vietnam, and south‐western Hainan Island. Less than 9% of likely habitats are currently protected by marine protected areas.
Affinity to high primary productivity and shallow depths implies that prey abundance and foraging efficiency influence habitat selection by Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins. Anthropogenic activities potentially altering oceanographic characteristics may impact regional marine ecosystem functions, and hence habitat configuration.
Habitat protection actions for Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins include implementing coordinated and systematic surveys in major habitats, associating core habitat protection with protected area networks and maritime function zoning, ensuring ecosystem function integrity within major habitats, and reducing both explicit lethal impacts and implicit anthropogenic impacts from activities that change oceanographic features. The habitat protection plan should not only consider marine habitats, but also adjacent coastal landscapes and river catchments. This requires coordination, collaboration and information sharing between scientific research teams, government policy representatives, non‐governmental organizations, local communities and other interested stakeholders.
TGF‐β1 elevates P‐gp and BCRP in hepatocellular carcinoma through HOTAIR/miR‐145 axis
Authors: Kong Jiehong , Qiu Yajing , Li Yuan , Zhang Hongjian , Wang Weipeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is common in patients and has been linked to transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) and overexpression of drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), although the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying TGF‐β1‐induced MDR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. It was found that TGF‐β1 upregulated HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) expression in HCC cells. When drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) was silenced, HOTAIR expression was accordingly reduced. Meanwhile, miR‐145 expression was increased in the case HOTAIR was silenced. If the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was knocked down using small interfering RNA (siRNA), miR‐145 expression was decreased. Then, the regulatory role of miR‐145 in P‐gp and BCRP expression was explored. The results showed that the expression of P‐gp and BCRP protein was suppressed by miR‐145 through binding to the 3′‐untranslated regions (3′‐UTRs) of P‐gp and BCRP. In conclusion, our study revealed a novel mechanism explaining TGF‐β1‐induced MDR in HCC through upregulating P‐gp and BCRP via the SMAD4/HOTAIR/miR‐145 axis.
Witchcraft‐related Abuse and Murder of Children with Albinism in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Lund Patricia 
Published: January 2019

Babies born with the inherited condition albinism, resulting in reduced melanin pigment in their hair, skin and eyes, are vulnerable in multiple ways in Africa: as children, as visually impaired, as socially ostracised, isolated and excluded, and as potential victims of witchcraft‐related violence targeted for their body parts for use in ‘lucky’ charms thought to bring good fortune. This conceptual review summarises the scarce research on this topic within an integrated framework of otherness (highlighting the ways in which these children differ from others in their group and how this is perceived by themselves and others), watchfulness (the consequences and impact of this very visible difference on families and communities) and agency (what such children themselves and other people can do to respond to these abuses of human rights). The paucity of information on the lives of children with albinism in Africa limits the development of appropriate interventions to support, empower and, most importantly, protect them at this time of danger in the region. This review proposes a conceptual model to act as a platform for research on which to build and enhance our understanding of the lives of children with albinism in sub‐Saharan Africa.‘This conceptual review summarises the scarce research on this topic within an integrated framework of otherness…, watchfulness… and agency’Key Practitioner Messages

Mutilation and killing of people with albinism, particularly children, have increased over recent years.
Very little is known about the physical and psychosocial issues facing children with albinism in the context of threats of assault and attack.
Children with albinism are seen as ‘other’, with the violent context making them and their families watchful and vigilant. This threatens their agency and safety.
Artificial Cellulosome Complex from the Self‐Assembly of Ni‐NTA‐Functionalized Polymeric Micelles and Cellulases
Authors: Lu Lin , Zhang Libo , Yuan Liang , Zhu Tianyu , Chen Wilfred , Wang Guiren , Wang Qian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolymer–protein core–shell nanoparticles have been explored for enzyme immobilization. This work reports on the development of functional polymeric micelles for immobilizing His6‐tagged cellulases with controlled spatial orientation of enzymes, resulting in “artificial cellulosomes” for effective cellulose hydrolysis. Poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(styrene‐alt‐maleic anhydride) was prepared through one‐pot reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization and modified with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to afford an amphiphilic block copolymer. The self‐assembled polymer was mixed with a solution of NiSO4 to form Ni‐NTA‐functionalized micelles, which could successfully capture His6‐tagged cellulases and form hierarchically structured core–shell nanoparticles with cellulases as the corona. Because the anchored enzymes are site‐specifically oriented and in close proximity, synergistic catalysis that results in over twofold activity enhancement has been achieved.
Experiments on Bubble Breakup Induced by Collision with a Vortex Ring
Authors: Zednikova Maria , Stanovsky Petr , Travnickova Tereza , Orvalho Sandra , Holub Ladislav , Vejrazka Jiri 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe bubble breakup after collision with a vortex ring was validated as source of breakup parameters for population balance modeling. This system was chosen as a deterministic alternative to the stochastic nature of bubble breakup studies under turbulent flow. The vortex ring was characterized by combining experimental visualization and numerical simulations. Breakup frequency, mean number of daughter bubbles, and its size distribution were obtained by high‐speed camera recording of the collision process. The dependence of breakup parameters on the size of the mother bubble and Weber number was determined.
Topotactic Conversion of Alkali‐Treated Intergrown Germanosilicate CIT‐13 into Single‐Crystalline ECNU‐21 Zeolite as Shape‐Selective Catalyst for Ethylene Oxide Hydration
Authors: Liu Xue , Mao Wenting , Jiang Jingang , Lu Xinqing , Peng Mingming , Xu Hao , Han Lu , Che Shun‐ai , Wu Peng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe conversion of the alkali‐treated intergrowth germanosilicate CIT‐13 into the single‐crystalline high‐silica ECNU‐21 (named after East China Normal University) zeolite, with a novel topology and a highly crystalline zeolite framework, has been realized through a creative top‐down strategy involving a mild alkaline‐induced multistep process consisting of structural degradation and reconstruction. Instead of acid treatment, hydrolysis in aqueous ammonia solution not only readily cleaved the chemically weak Ge(Si)−O−Ge bonds located within the interlayer double four ring (D4R) units of CIT‐13, but also cleaved the metastable Si−O−Si bonds therein. This led to extensive removal of the D4R units, and also generated silanol groups on adjacent silica‐rich layers, which then condensed to form a novel daughter structure upon calcination. Individual oxygen bridges in the reassembled ECNU‐21 replaced the germanium‐rich D4R units in CIT‐13, thereby eliminating the original intergrowth phenomenon along the b axis. With an ordered crystalline structure of 10‐ring (R) channels as well as suitable germanium‐related Lewis acid sites, ECNU‐21 serves as a stable solid Lewis acid catalyst for the shape‐selective hydration of ethylene oxide (EO) to ethylene glycol (EG) at greatly reduced H2O/EO ratios and reaction temperature in comparison with the noncatalytic industrial process.
Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis cases treated at our hospital over the past 10 years
Authors: Nakae Makoto , Tamagawa‐Mineoka Risa , Masuda Koji , Ueta Mayumi , Sotozono Chie , Katoh Norito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are acute inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes such as the ocular surface. This study aimed to evaluate the backgrounds, clinical symptoms, and disease course of SJS/TEN patients in our hospital. We retrospectively collected the data of the medical history, clinical symptoms, examinations, and treatments in patients with SJS or TEN, which were diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between April 2007 and March 2017. The subjects were 15 patients with SJS and five with TEN. All five children had cold symptoms and took cold medications. On the other hand, 15 adult patients took various types of drugs, such as antibiotics, cold medications, or anticonvulsants. Interestingly, all pediatric patients did not have large skin lesions but suffered from severe eye symptoms, while the severity of their skin and mucous lesions was various in adult patients. All patients were treated with oral corticosteroid therapy. Furthermore, 18 patients were treated with corticosteroid pulse therapy, six with high‐dose immunoglobulin therapy, and one with plasmapheresis. Our findings imply that cold symptoms and cold medicines may be associated with severe ocular involvement in SJS/TEN patients.
How much of US health care spending provides direct care or benefit to patients?
Authors: Fredell Morgan N. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Ho Vivian , Mukherjee Binata 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlans to optimize health care in the United States highlight the high cost but rarely explore opportunities for redirecting resources within the existing system to increase access to care while lowering spending. This analysis indicates that, of the total national health care expenditures of $3.21 trillion in 2015, only $1.4 trillion to $2.86 trillion was used to provide care to patients. This range was reached by the subtraction of excess spending in 7 categories. Thus, many opportunities exist to repurpose wasted expenditures to increase access to health care without the need for additional funding.
Brain atlas of the African mole‐ratFukomys anselli
Authors: Dollas Alexa , Oelschläger Helmut H. A. , Begall Sabine , Burda Hynek , Malkemper Erich Pascal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAfrican mole‐rats are subterranean rodents that spend their whole life in underground burrow systems. They show a range of morphological and physiological adaptations to their ecotope, for instance severely reduced eyes and specialized somatosensory, olfactory, and auditory systems. These adaptations are also reflected in the accessory sensory pathways in the brain that process the input coming from the sensory organs. So far, a brain atlas was available only for the naked mole‐rat (Heterocephalus glaber). The Ansell's mole‐rat (Fukomys anselli) has been the subject of many investigations in various disciplines (ethology, sensory physiology, and anatomy) including magnetic orientation. It is therefore surprising that an atlas of the brain of this species was not available so far. Here, we present a comprehensive atlas of the Ansell's mole‐rat brain based on Nissl and Klüver‐Barrera stained sections. We identify and label 375 brain regions and discuss selected differences from the brain of the closely related naked mole‐rat as well as from epigeic mammals (rat), with a particular focus on the auditory brainstem. This atlas can serve as a reference for future neuroanatomical investigations of subterranean mammals.
Rapid Transmembrane Transport of DNA Nanostructures by Chemically Anchoring Artificial Receptors on Cell Membranes
Authors: Li Min , Liu Jiangbo , Deng Mengying , Ge Zhilei , Afshan Noshin , Zuo Xiaolei , Li Qian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHighly efficient transmembrane transport of exogenous reagents into cells is of vital importance for developing drug‐delivery systems. Conventionally, transmembrane transport of exogenous reagents was accomplished with the assistance of transfection agents or other artificial means. However, the high toxicity and low transport efficiency of current delivery techniques still remain to be solved. In this work, by anchoring artificial receptors onto cell membranes with a mild chemical reaction, we demonstrated that the exogenous reagent framework nucleic acids, namely tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) can bind onto cell membranes effectively by the hybridization between single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) and pendant ssDNA of TDN. The transport rate was greatly enhanced, with the endocytosis time could be as fast as 0.5 h. Furthermore, the transport quantity was prominently improved, with around 30 % of TDN endocytosed within 4 h. Owing to its rapid transmembrane transport speed and improved endocytosis quantity, this artificial‐receptor‐mediated transmembrane transport is a promising tool for achieving rapid and highly efficient transmembrane transport of exogenous reagents.
One‐Step Conversion of Glutamic Acid into 2‐Pyrrolidone on a Supported Ru Catalyst in a Hydrogen Atmosphere: Remarkable Effect of CO Activation
Authors: Suganuma Satoshi , Otani Akihiro , Joka Shota , Asako Hiroki , Takagi Rika , Tsuji Etsushi , Katada Naonobu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlutamic acid, an abundant nonessential amino acid, was converted into 2‐pyrrolidone in the presence of a supported Ru catalyst under a pressurized hydrogen atmosphere. This reaction pathway proceeded through the dehydration of glutamic acid into pyroglutamic acid, subsequent hydrogenation, and the dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of pyroglutaminol into 2‐pyrrolidone. In the conversion of pyroglutaminol, Ru/Al2O3 exhibited notably higher activity than supported Pt, Pd, and Rh catalysts. IR analysis revealed that Ru can hydrogenate the formed CO through dehydrogenation–decarbonylation of hydroxymethyl groups in pyroglutaminol and can also easily desorb CH4 from the active sites on Ru. Furthermore, Ru/Al2O3 showed the highest catalytic activity among the tested catalysts in the conversion of pyroglutamic acid. Consequently, the conversion of glutamic acid produced a high yield of 2‐pyrrolidone by using the supported Ru catalyst. This is the first report of this one‐pot reaction under mild reaction conditions (433 K, 2 MPa H2)„ which avoids the degradation of unstable amino acids above 473 K.
Improvement of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Solar Cells by Adding N,N‐Dimethylformamide to the Dimethyl Sulfoxide‐Based Precursor Ink
Authors: Ge Sijie , Gao Heng , Hong Ruijiang , Li Jianjun , Mai Yaohua , Lin Xianzhong , Yang Guowei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S precursor ink have seen tremendous progress in recent years. However, the wettability between the ink and Mo substrate is poor, owing to the high viscosity of the highly concentrated Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S ink. Herein, a solvent engineering process is proposed in which N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) is added into the DMSO‐based Cu‐Zn‐Sn‐S ink for the deposition of CZTSSe thin‐film absorbers in air. The addition of DMF significantly improves the wettability between the precursor ink and Mo substrate. The DMF/(DMF+DMSO) ratio also plays a critical role in determining the crystal quality of the resulting CZTSSe absorber and the device performance. The grain size of CZTSSe thin films increases with increasing DMF/(DMF+DMSO) ratio. Particularly, large grains through the whole cross section can be achieved with 20 % DMF addition. Accordingly, the power conversion efficiency of the device increases from 6.5 % to 8.6 % under AM 1.5G illumination. However, the efficiency decreases to 5.4 % when the DMF content is further increased to 30 %. Interface recombination and back contact barrier are found to be the main limitations of these devices.
Low‐loss 7‐bit S‐band CMOS passive phase shifter with digital control
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Garg Divya Kumar , Selvaraja Shankar Kumar , Sai Saravanan G. , Kumar M. Madhava 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis paper presents the design and implementation of a 7‐bit S‐band digital passive phase shifter using Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (CMOS) 65‐nm technology in 2.6‐ to 3.2‐GHz frequency band. New switched delay network topology has been used for 5.625° and 2.8°, and modified switched filter topology has been used for implementation of other phase bits to achieve 7‐bit performance with low insertion loss and better isolation. The measured results of the fabricated chip show 7‐bit performance with an average insertion loss of 11 dB, average root mean square (RMS) phase error of less than 2.0°, average RMS amplitude error of less than 0.6 dB, input matching (S11) better than −7.5 dB, and output matching (S22) better than −14.5 dB across the target frequency band at 50Ω input/output impedance.
Day‐to‐day friends’ victimization, aggression perpetration, and morning cortisol activity in late adolescents
Authors: Arbel Reout , Schacter Hannah L. , Han Sohyun C. , Timmons Adela C. , Spies Shapiro Lauren , Margolin Gayla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates bidirectional associations between adolescents’ daily experiences of victimization and aggression perpetration within friendships. We investigated (a) across‐day associations between victimization and aggression perpetration; (b) morning cortisol activity as a moderator of cross‐day victimization and aggression links; and (c) potential sex differences in these patterns. For 4 consecutive days, 99 adolescents (Mage = 18.06, SD = 1.09, 46 females) reported whether they were victimized by or aggressive toward their friends. On three of these days, adolescents provided three morning saliva samples. Multilevel path analyses showed that across days, victimization and aggression were bidirectionally linked, but only for male adolescents. Additionally, for male adolescents, morning cortisol output (but not morning cortisol increase) moderated the association between victimization and next‐day aggression; victimization predicted greater next‐day aggression for boys with low, but not high, morning cortisol output. Findings implicate a physiological factor that may modify daily links between victimization and aggression in male adolescent friendships.
Data partitioning and correction for ascertainment bias reduce the uncertainty of placental mammal divergence times inferred from the morphological clock
Authors: Caldas Ian V. , Schrago Carlos G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBayesian estimates of divergence times based on the molecular clock yield uncertainty of parameter estimates measured by the width of posterior distributions of node ages. For the relaxed molecular clock, previous works have reported that some of the uncertainty inherent to the variation of rates among lineages may be reduced by partitioning data. Here we test this effect for the purely morphological clock, using placental mammals as a case study. We applied the uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock to morphological data of 40 extant mammalian taxa and 4,533 characters, taken from the largest published matrix of discrete phenotypic characters. The morphologically derived timescale was compared to divergence times inferred from molecular and combined data. We show that partitioning data into anatomical units significantly reduced the uncertainty of divergence time estimates for morphological data. For the first time, we demonstrate that ascertainment bias has an impact on the precision of morphological clock estimates. While analyses including molecular data suggested most divergences between placental orders occurred near the K‐Pg boundary, the partitioned morphological clock recovered older interordinal splits and some younger intraordinal ones, including significantly later dates for the radiation of bats and rodents, which accord to the short‐fuse hypothesis.