bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annexin A2 overexpression associates with colorectal cancer invasiveness and TGF-ß induced epithelial mesenchymal transition via Src/ANXA2/STAT3
Authors: Rocha Murilo R. , Barcellos-de-Souza Pedro , Sousa-Squiavinato Annie Cristhine M. , Fernandes Priscila V. , de Oliveira Ivanir M. , Boroni Mariana , Morgado-Diaz Jose A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnnexin A2 (ANXA2) is upregulated in several malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is little knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved to its upregulation. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism through which ANXA2 overexpression leads to CRC progression and evaluate its potential prognostic value. We used human CRC samples to analyse the correlation between ANXA2 levels and tumour staging. ANXA2 expression was increased in CRC tissues compared to normal colon tissues. In addition, we observe increased ANXA2 levels in stage IV tumours and metastasis, when compared to stage I-III. Whereas E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, decreased in stage II-IV and increased in metastasis. We’ve also shown that TGF-β, a classic EMT inductor, caused upregulation of ANXA2, and internalization of both E-cadherin and ANXA2 in CRC cells. ANXA2 silencing hindered TGF-β-induced invasiveness, and inhibitors of the Src/ANXA2/STAT3 pathway reversed the EMT. In silico analysis confirmed overexpression of ANXA2 and association to the consensus moleculars subtypes (CMS) with the worst prognosis. Therefore, ANXA2 overexpression play a pivotal role in CRC invasiveness through Src/ANXA2/STAT3 pathway activation. The association of ANXA2 to distinct CMSs suggests the possible use of ANXA2 as a prognostic marker or directed target therapy.
The identification of novel single nucleotide polymorphisms to assist in mapping the spread of Bacillus anthracis across the Southern Caucasus
Authors: Sahin Mitat , Buyuk Fatih , Baillie Les , Wölfel Roman , Kotorashvili Adam , Rehn Alexandra , Antwerpen Markus , Grass Gregor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnthrax is common as a zoonotic disease in the southern Caucasus area including parts of Turkey and Georgia. In this region, population genetics of the etiological agent Bacillus anthracis comprises, where known, the major canonical single nucleotide polymorphism (canSNP) groups A.Br.Aust94 and A.Br.008/009 of the pathogen’s global phylogeny, respectively. Previously, isolates of B. anthracis from Turkey have been genotyped predominantly by multi locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) or canSNP typing. While whole genome sequencing is the future gold standard, it is currently still costly. For that reason we were interested in identifying novel SNPs which could assist in further distinguishing closely related isolates using low cost assay platforms. In this study we sequenced the genomes of seven B. anthracis strains collected from the Kars province of Eastern Anatolia in Turkey and discovered new SNPs which allowed us to assign these and other geographically related strains to three novel branches of the major A-branch canSNP-group (A.Br.) Aust94. These new branches were named Kafkas-Geo 1–3 and comprised isolates from the Kars region and the neighboring republic of Georgia suggesting a common ancestry. The novel SNPs identified in this study connect the population genetics of B. anthracis in the South Caucasus and Turkey and will likely assist efforts to map the spread of the pathogen across this region.
Sensitive ground fault detection in compensated systems (arc suppression coil). What is influencing the sensitivity?
Authors: Kaufmann Gerd , Vaitkevičius Ramūnas 
Published: July 2018

High‐impedance Earth fault detection is always a topic for any kind of neutral point treatment in electrical power line systems. For compensated networks, it is the disseminated opinion that fault detection is too difficult. The authors aim to show it is simpler and much more sensitive compared with other neutral point treatments. Especially for the sensitivity of classical fault detection methods such as wattmetric (cos ϕ), admittance method and transient method, the question is what sensitivity to expect. This study gives a basic overview of the mentioned detection methods, their achievable sensitivity and the requirements for that. Since the fault detection should work with natural signals only, methods with artificial signal injection during the fault are not included. The necessary measurement accuracy for different detection methods will be considered as well. Basic aspects with practical measurements taken during Earth fault tests in a compensated system with overhead lines are compared. The fault impedance was >5 kΩ in the 10 kV system. The earth fault tests have been undertaken with Energijos Skirstymo Operatorius. The device Erdschluss Ortungs Relais‐3D (EOR‐3D) has been tested regarding the fault detection sensitivity. They will show that classical methods can achieve high fault detection sensitivity.
Virtual site acceptance test platform for IEC 61850 based substations with multi‐vendor bay solutions
Authors: Chen Linwei , Charton Thomas , Li Haiyu , Zhang Ray 
Published: July 2018

IEC 61850 conformance alone does not necessarily guarantee interoperability of devices from different manufacturers. Achieving full interoperability in a substation protection and control system involving different vendors will increase the confidence of power utilities to deploy digital bays or substations on site. This study presents the development of a virtual site test platform to assess the engineering process and interoperability performance for a fully digital substation with multi‐vendor bay solutions. A data monitoring tool has been developed to visualise data flows in IEC 61850 networks, which can help commissioning engineers to intuitively validate signals like they do for conventional schemes. Case studies are presented to investigate the interoperability of sampled values, generic object oriented substation events and manufacturing message specification communication services. The learning from the system integration and testing will help utilities identify potential issues in engineering phases and hence reduce the risks associated with future site tests.
First digital substation in TransGrid – Australia: a journey, business case, lessons
Authors: Hinkley Kevin , Mistry Chirag 
Published: July 2018

IEC61850 has now been accepted ‘almost unequivocally’ as a preferred standard for substation communications.The extent of utilisation of this standard in a majority of installations around the world is at the ‘station bus’ level. It is foreseen that numerous benefits can be availed if the process values are digitised as close to the source as possible and utilised in a comprehensive automation system. TransGrid carried out an extensive assessment of the substation secondary system design based on the implementation of IEC61850 at the station and process bus level which brought out the business case for full digitisation. The first substation to realise this technology is the Avon 330 kV switching station. At Avon, merging units are installed in outdoor cubicles; digitised signals are then transferred to the substation systems. There has been a special focus on standardisation and re‐usable engineering – these are some of the crucial factors to achieve cost reduction. The study describes some of the design principles, estimated cost savings and lessons learnt. The authors envisage that the digital substation technology implemented can bring about substantial cost reduction in green‐field as well as brown field builds and paves the way for the efficient integration of asset monitoring systems.
Power line signalling based earth fault location
Authors: Farughian Amir , Poluektov Anton , Pinomaa Antti , Ahola Jero , Kosonen Antti , Kumpulainen Lauri , Kauhaniemi Kimmo 
Published: July 2018

Fault location in power networks is important as accurate information about the faulted line section expedites system restoration following a fault occurrence. A number of fault location methods have been proposed. Methods based on injecting a signal into the network and tracking it along the feeder appear to have received limited attention. In this study, fault location methods based on network signalling are examined. Two different types of approaches are presented. The first one is based on injection on a very low‐frequency band, whereas the second one is based on utilising modern modulation technologies on low‐frequency band, under 500 kHz, implemented on software‐defined radios. The simulation results indicate the capability of the proposed methods in determining the location of a single phase‐to‐earth fault in medium‐voltage distribution networks.
Assessment and analysis of different process bus redundancy networks performance for IEC61850‐based digital substation
Authors: Xu Luoyun , Li Haiyu , Chen Linwei , Patterson Christopher , Mohapatra Priyanka 
Published: July 2018

To achieve a highly reliable data communication network, Future Intelligent Transmission Network Substation (FITNESS) project has considered three different substation data communication redundancy networks. These include two independent parallel star networks, High‐availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) network, and Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) network. This paper presents the assessment and comparison analysis of the data flow performance for these three networks. A typical 275 kV substation with the consideration of three redundancy networks is modelled and simulated using OPNET a communication network simulation tool. The data flow capability performance with respect of the network time delay for the typical protection and control equipment requirements (e.g. IEDs and MUs) in one bay are simulated and analysed. Results show that two independent parallel star networks have the highest data flow capacity. The capacity of PRP network is reduced by a half, while the capacity of HSR network is reduced to a quarter. The results also reveal that Ethernet Switch can consume a part of network bandwidth as well. The work would help power utilities to determine an optimal number of devices to be installed and to ensure highly reliable data communication network for protection and control functions in an IEC 61850 based digital substation..
Effect of Network Protection Requirements on the Design of a Flexible AC/DC‐link
Authors: Burstein Andrew , Cuk Vladimir , de Jong Erik 
Published: July 2018

This study explores how protection systems affect the design of a medium‐voltage (MV) flexible AC/DC link (FDCL). To show this impact, two FDCL designs are analysed. The first designed before considering protection and the second created specifically to solve the protection issues realised in the first. One of the main aspects of the FDCL is to be placed into an existing network, reuse existing equipment, and not require any changes outside of the substations of installation. In this way, the converters must be sized in such a way to retain selectivity of the lower network as well as be able to secure a continuous supply of power through the link even in the case of a DC‐side fault. How this is performed and the converter overrating requirements are determined for a 10 kV MV link.
Performance evaluation of the travelling wave‐based differential protection when applied on Hybrid Transmission Lines
Authors: Lopes Felipe V. , Ribeiro Caio M.S. , Ribeiro João Paulo G. , Leite Eduardo Jorge S. 
Published: July 2018

This study evaluates the travelling wave‐based differential protection (TW87) when applied on hybrid transmission lines (HTLs). The TW87 has attracted the interest of utilities due to its high‐speed operation and reliability. However, to apply such a function on lines that combine overhead and underground cable sections, additional challenges arise, which must be overcome to guarantee the proper TW87 operation. The goal of this study is to clarify issues related to the TW87 settings and performance when applied on HTLs, highlighting the impact of the used settings on the protection operation. To do so, fault scenarios on a 230 kV/60 Hz test power system were simulated using the alternative transients programme. The obtained results attest the TW87 is able to properly protect HTLs, provided that special requirements are considered.
Analyse und Therapie des schmerzhaften Patellofemoralgelenks
Authors: Rogan Slavko , Taeymans Jan , Clijsen Ron , Hähni Michaela 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungUm ein schmerzhaftes Patellofemoralgelenk (s-PFG) adäquat zu untersuchen, ist es essenziell, die biomechanischen Gegebenheiten der gesamten unteren Extremität zu
analysieren. In die Analyse fließen außerdem knöcherne, muskuläre und ligamentäre Komponenten ein, um so die effektivste Therapie für den Patienten
auszuwählen.
Tests und Assessments für die Rehabilitation nach VKB-Rekonstruktion
Authors: Boger Axel , Brem Peter 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDas primäre Ziel der Rehabilitation nach einer Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbands ist die Rückkehr zur Aktivität bzw. zum Sport. Daher scheint es umso
wichtiger, eine Testbatterie nutzen zu können, die verlässliche Werte für die Wiederaufnahme von Training bzw. Sport generiert. Dafür sind standardisierte Tests
und Assessments auf der Aktivitäts- und Partizipationsebene am aussagekräftigsten, bei denen die Durchführung, die Auswertung und die Interpretation vorgegeben
sind.
Comparison of Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Between Calcified and Nonclacified Lesions
Authors: Satish K. , Sandeep M. , Indrani G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Coronary artery calcification increases with age and associated with significant major adverse cardiovascular events. The presence of calcification makes the percutaneous coronary interventions difficult and associated with peri-procedural complications. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the outcome of patients with calcific coronary lesions compared with non-calcific lesions.Methods: Patients admitted in the cardiology department with either chronic stable angina or acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions were included and divided into two groups, those who had calcific coronary lesions and non-calcific coronary lesions. Calcified lesions were made out by fluoroscopy during conventional angiogram as radiopacity at the site of the target lesion. We prospectively collected and compared the demographic, clinical data ( including risk factors), details of PCI procedure and in hospital outcomes(enzymatic infarcts - EI, vascular access complications –bleed or pseudo-aneurysm, contrast induced nephropathy - CIN, target vessel acute occlusion with or without heart failure – HF and mortality) between calcified and non-calcified lesions.Results: A total of 439 patients were enrolled in the study of which 283 patients were in a calcific group and 156 patients were in non-calcific group. There was no significant difference among risk factors like DM and HTN (p=0.92, p=0.59) in between the both groups. Calcific coronary lesions had long lesions (mean lesion length -20.01 ±3.8mm in calcific, 18.3±3.9mm in non-calcific: p= 0.00) requiring longer stents (mean stent size and length- 3.08 ± 2.1 mm, 22.12 ± 7.95mm in calcific and 2.92± 0.38 mm, 20.5 ± 7.3mm in non-calcific group) compared to non-calcific lesions, which was statistically significant (p=0.02). In hospital complications like EI, HF and pseudo-aneurysm were more in the non-calcific group (n=19, p=0.02), whereas vascular site bleeding was higher in the calcific group. There was no significant difference between mortality between these groups.Conclusion: There was no increased risk of in-hospital and peri-procedural complications in patients with calcific coronary artery lesions compared to non-calcific lesions, which also depends on other conditions like acuteness of presentation and left ventricular function.
Control of Thrombin Mediated Cleavage of Protein S
Authors: Mitchell Christina A , Hau Lena , Salem Hatem H 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombin has been shown to cleave the vitamin K dependent cofactor protein S with subsequent loss of its cofactor activity. This study examines the control mechanisms for thrombin cleavage of protein S.The anticoagulant activity of activated protein C (APC) is enhanced fourteen fold by the addition of protein S. Thrombin cleaved protein S is seven fold less efficient than the native protein, and this loss of activity is due to reduced affinity of cleaved protein S for APC or the lipid surface compared to the intact protein.In the absence of Ca++, protein S is very sensitive to minimal concentrations of thrombin. As little as 1.5 nM thrombin results in complete cleavage of 20 nM protein S in 10 min and loss of cofactor activity. Ca++, in concentrations greater than 0.5 mM, will inhibit this cleavage and in the presence of physiological Ca++ concentrations, no cleavage of protein S could be demonstrated in spite of high concentrations of thrombin (up to 1 μM) and prolonged incubations (up to two hours). The endothelial surface protein thrombomodulin is very efficient in inhibiting the cleavage of protein S by thrombin suggesting that any thrombin formed on the endothelial cell surface is unlikely to cleave protein S, thus allowing the intact protein to act as a cofactor to APC.We conclude that the inhibitory effects of Ca++ and thrombomodulin on thrombin mediated cleavage of protein S imply that this event, by itself, is unlikely to represent a physiological control of the activity of protein S.
Von Willebrand Factor in Cultured Human Vascular Endothelial Cells from Adult and Umbilical Cord Arteries and Veins
Authors: Wachem Pauline B van , Reinders Jan Hendrik , Buul-Wortelboer Marijke F van , Groot Philip G de , Aken Willem G van , Mourik Jan A van 
Published: July 2018

SummaryEndothelial cells were cultured from various human arteries and veins, obtained from adult individuals and from umbilical cords. We compared the storage and secretion of von Willebrand factor by endothelial cells from umbilical veins with that of endothelial cells cultured from a number of adult vessels, including aorta, arteria iliaca, vena saphena magna and vena cava. There were no differences in the way the cultured endothelial cells handled the von Willebrand factor they synthesized. Endothelial cells from the various vessels responded to stimuli in secreting stored von Willebrand factor. The cells also responded to thrombin and ionophore A23187 in producing enhanced amounts of prostacyclin. Thus, cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells have properties that are very similar to those of cultured endothelial cells of various other origins. It is concluded that foetal venous cells provide a representative model for studies of endothelial cell von Willebrand factor biosynthesis and prostacyclin production.
A Monoclonal Antibody that Recognizes the Receptor Binding Region of Human Urokinase Plasminogen Activator
Authors: Luisa Nolli Maria , Corti Angelo , Soffientini Adolfo , Cassani Giovanni 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn anti-urokinase monoclonal antibody 5B4 (MAB 5B4) was obtained by fusing the murine myeloma cell line X63-Ag8.653 with the spleen cells from a female BALB/c mouse immunized with high-molecular-weight urokinase (HMW-uPA).MAB 5B4 is an IgGl that binds selectively to the single-chain form of uPA (sc-uPA), to HMW-uPA and to the 17,000 Mr aminoterminal fragment of the A-chain (ATF) but not to the low-molecular-weight urokinase (LMW-uPA) nor to the reduced form of HMW-uPA. This strongly suggests that MAB 5B4 recognizes a conformational determinant on the A-chain.The antibody has an affinity constant for uPA-Sepharose of 1.42 × 107 M−1, calculated from equilibrium binding data, and can be used for one step purification of HMW-uPA by immunoaffinity chromatography.MAB 5B4 and the previously obtained antibody 105IF10 (16) recognize the A-chain: the epitopes, however, are distinct as shown by double-antibody-sandwich enzyme immunoassay.Finally MAB 5B4 inhibits the binding of ATF to the uPA receptor of different human cells, whereas 105IF10 does not. Thus this antibody represents a potentially, useful tool for the study of uPA receptor physiology.
Dose Response Relationships of Anticoagulant Activities After Subcutaneous Administration of Two Low Molecular Weight Heparins in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hellstern P , Kiehl R , Blohn G von , Köhler M , Meierhenrich U , Wenzel E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis study was performed to estimate appropriate dosages of two low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) for clinical trials on subcutaneous perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis. Anticoagulatory activities and platelet function were investigated after single doses of two LMWH and of unfractionated sodium heparin (UFH) in 24 healthy individuals. Twelve subjects received subcutaneous injections of 1000, 1500, and 2500 i.u. (aPTT) of LMHW 1, and the other 12 received LMWH 2 at same dosages. The following parameters were determined before 30 min, 1 h, 90 min, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, and 10 h after either LMWH or 5000 i.u. (aPTT) UFH: aPTT, thrombin time, anti-Xa activity (S 2222, Coatest heparin), and anti-IIa activity (Chromozym TH). Bleeding time, platelet count, and adrenalin-, collagen-, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation were assessed before and 3 h after administration.After application of 1500 i.u. LMWH 1 and LMWH 2, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa levels were already significantly higher than after 5000 i.u. UFH. 2500 i.u. LMWH 1 and LMWH 2 evoked significantly greater prolongations of aPTT and thrombin time values than did 5000 i.u. UFH. This was not the case after 1000 and 1500 i.u. LMWH. The half-lives of anticoagulatory effects after LMWH were markedly longer than after UFH. Platelet function was not altered by any of the heparins tested. Our results indicate that LMWH cause anticoagulatory effects in vivo that cannot be predicted by in vitro studies and that the appropriate single dosages of LMWH in subcutaneous perioperative thrombosis prophylaxis have to be estimated by dosage determinations in healthy subjects.
Epidemiology of Vestibular Impairments in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Quarez Juliette , Priol Audrey , Wiener-Vacher Sylvette 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of vestibular impairment (VI) in children (n = 2,528) referred for complete vestibular testing because of balance disorders (BD) or hearing loss (H). A VI was shown in 51.5% of the children tested (1,304/2,528). For BD (e.g., vertigo, dizziness, instability, delay in posturomotor development), VI was found in 36.5% (n = 379/1,037). The most frequent causes of BD with VI included inner ear malformation (13.5%), delay in posturomotor development (13.4%), hearing loss revealed with vertigo (3.9%), trauma (3.9%), vestibular neuritis (3.3%), meningitis (2.5%), Meniere-like syndrome (1.1%), BPPV posttrauma (1%), labyrinthitis (0.4%), and unknown etiology (19.6%). Normal responses to the complete battery of tests (n = 658, 63.5%) excluded a vestibular origin to BD, leading to other diagnoses: principally migraine (15.6%), ophthalmological disorders (15.1%), neurological disorders (including delay in posturomotor development; 14.4%), orthostatic hypotension, or somatoform dizziness (<1%). Of the children referred for hearing loss (n = 1,491), 68.5% were tested without cochlear implantation (CI; n = 1,022). In this group, 54.5% presented with VI (n = 557). This was mostly found in cytomegalovirus infection, inner ear malformation, and genetic syndromes. Profound hearing loss candidates for cochlear implants had complete bilateral vestibular loss in 20% and delay in posturomotor development, and 80% had partial or normal vestibular function and normal posturomotor development. VI was found after CI in 50% on the side of the implant (partial in 41% and complete in 9%). VI is present in 36.5% of children referred to our center for BDs and 54.5% for hearing loss. Vestibular testing permits ruling out peripheral VI and hence seeking other causes for BDs such as migraine and ophthalmological disorders and also helps lower the risk of inducing bilateral complete vestibular loss in CI protocols.