bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for body (dis)satisfaction following exercise in daily life
Authors: Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Dias Stephanie , Krug Isabel , Richardson Ben , Fassnacht Daniel 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAlthough exercise is typically found to improve body satisfaction, this effect may be reduced or even reversed for trait body‐dissatisfied individuals. The reasons for this remain unclear. This study tested the possibility that these effects are due to appearance‐related motives and/or increased appearance awareness post‐exercise.MethodParticipants included 178 women who completed baseline measures of trait body dissatisfaction, and then completed an experience sampling phase in which they self‐reported state body satisfaction and appearance awareness levels, and recent exercise experiences at six time‐points daily for 10 days.ResultsTrait body‐dissatisfied individuals were more likely to exercise for appearance‐related reasons, and experienced less of an increase in state body satisfaction post‐exercise. Appearance‐motivated exercise also increased appearance awareness. After controlling for appearance motives, the moderating effect of trait body dissatisfaction on the exercise–state body satisfaction relationship reduced to non‐significance.ConclusionsCollectively, the present findings offer some support for both motive‐ and appearance awareness‐based explanations for the reduced benefits of exercise on body satisfaction exhibited in individuals with trait body dissatisfaction. Targeting the reasons for exercise and what one focuses on during exercise may be viable ways to overcome potential negative impacts of exercise on body image for these individuals.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

While the physical and psychological benefits of exercise are well established, recent findings suggest that these benefits for body satisfaction may be reduced (and possibly reversed) for individuals with elevated trait body dissatisfaction. The reasons for this moderating effect remain unclear.

What does this study add?

Trait body‐dissatisfied individuals more often engaged in exercise for appearance‐related reasons.

Appearance motives for exercise are associated with smaller body satisfaction gains post‐exercise.

Reduced body satisfaction was also linked to increased appearance awareness post‐exercise.
Identification of 2‐benzoxazolinone derivatives as lead against molecular targets of diabetic complications
Authors: Vyas Bhawna , Choudhary Shalki , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Singh Baldev , Bahadur Renu , Malik Ashok Kumar , Silakari Om 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDiabetic complications follow multiple pathophysiological pathways involving aldose reductase (ALR2)‐mediated polyol pathway, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species formation. Literature suggests ALR2 inhibitors such as epalrestat to possess significant potential in retinopathy and neuropathy. Thus, in this study, multiple pathophysiology directed molecules targeting ALR2, AGEs and free radicals formation were designed using in silico techniques. Initially, database was screened via in silico tools to obtain hits with affinity for the catalytic domain of ALR2. Additional focus was laid on the presence of structural attributes responsible for AGE's inhibitory and anti‐oxidant potential. Out of obtained hits, 2‐benzoxazolinone scaffold was selected and ten derivatives were synthesized accordingly. Finally, the synthesized molecules were evaluated for their ALR2 and AGEs inhibitory activities along with free radical scavenging potency.
A simulated annealing‐based maximum‐margin clustering algorithm
Authors: Seifollahi Sattar , Bagirov Adil , Zare Borzeshi Ehsan , Piccardi Massimo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMaximum‐margin clustering is an extension of the support vector machine (SVM) to clustering. It partitions a set of unlabeled data into multiple groups by finding hyperplanes with the largest margins. Although existing algorithms have shown promising results, there is no guarantee of convergence of these algorithms to global solutions due to the nonconvexity of the optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a simulated annealing‐based algorithm that is able to mitigate the issue of local minima in the maximum‐margin clustering problem. The novelty of our algorithm is twofold, ie, (i) it comprises a comprehensive cluster modification scheme based on simulated annealing, and (ii) it introduces a new approach based on the combination of k‐means++ and SVM at each step of the annealing process. More precisely, k‐means++ is initially applied to extract subsets of the data points. Then, an unsupervised SVM is applied to improve the clustering results. Experimental results on various benchmark data sets (of up to over a million points) give evidence that the proposed algorithm is more effective at solving the clustering problem than a number of popular clustering algorithms.
Clinical and histopathologic manifestations of solid organ transplantation‐associated graft‐versus‐host disease involving the skin: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Kim Grace Y. , Schmelkin Leah A. , Davis Mark D. , El‐Azhary Rokea A. , Wieland Carilyn N. , Leise Michael D. , Meves Alexander , Lehman Julia S. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following solid organ transplantation (SOT) is extremely rare and infrequently described in the dermatologic literature.MethodsWe performed a retrospective clinicopathologic review of our institution's experience with patients diagnosed with SOT‐associated GVHD (SOT GVHD) (May 1, 1996 to September 1, 2017).ResultsOf nine patients with SOT GVHD, seven had undergone liver transplantation, while two had undergone lung transplantation. All presented initially with a skin eruption, which developed an average of 63 days (range: 11‐162 days) post transplant. The average time to diagnosis following the onset of the skin eruption was 12 days (range: 0‐54 days). Diagnosis was often delayed because of a competing diagnosis of drug reaction. Frequent skin findings included pruritic erythematous to violaceous macules and papules with desquamation. Histopathology showed vacuolar interface dermatitis in 12 of 15 cases (80.0%). Of the 11 specimens in which a hair follicle was present for evaluation, vacuolar interface changes around the hair follicle were present in eight (72.7%) cases. Seven patients (77.8%) died from complications during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsSOT GVHD presents initially with skin involvement, is associated with vacuolar interface changes on skin biopsy, and is associated with a high mortality rate. Clinicopathologic correlation is required for accurate diagnosis.
Cardiovascular outcomes of sodium glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Smith Steven M. , Park Haesuk 
Published: July 2018

AimsTo determine the association between cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and SGLT2 inhibitors compared to sulfonylureas and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) inhibitors and to examine within‐class effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using Truven Health MarketScan. New users of SGLT2 inhibitors, sulfonylureas or DPP‐4 inhibitors were included. Primary outcome was incident CVD, defined as non‐fatal myocardial infarction or non‐fatal stroke; secondary outcomes were hospitalization because of heart failure and lower extremity amputation. Proportional hazards models, after propensity score matching, were used to obtain hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsIn fully adjusted models, use of SGLT2 inhibitors was associated with a decreased risk of developing CVD compared with use of sulfonylureas (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45, 0.55) and DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52, 0.62), respectively. Analyses revealed no evidence of within‐class effects: dapagliflozin vs sulfonylureas (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.43, 0.70) or DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46, 0.70); and canagliflozin vs sulfonylureas (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.69) or DPP‐4 inhibitors (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.54, 0.71). Additionally, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with lower risk of hospitalization because of heart failure compared to both sulfonylureas and DPP‐4 inhibitors, as well as lower risk of lower extremity amputation compared to sulfonylureas.ConclusionUsing population‐based data, incident use of SGLT‐2 inhibitors was associated with a decreased incidence of CVD compared to use of sulfonylureas and DPP‐4 inhibitors. These findings were consistent between dapagliflozin and canagliflozin, suggesting that CVD reduction is a class effect for SGLT2 inhibitors. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors portended lower risk of hospitalization because of heart failure (vs sulfonylureas and DPP‐4 inhibitors) and lower risk of lower extremity amputation (vs sulfonylureas).
Over‐indebtedness and microcredit in Cambodia: Moving beyond borrower‐centric frames
Authors: Bylander Maryann , Res Phasy , Jacoby Lacey , Bradley Peter , Pérez Andrea Blobel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades, Cambodia has experienced an unprecedented credit boom, a growth in lending so rapid that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) referred to it as “one of the fastest financial deepening episodes by historical cross‐cultural standards” (IMF, 2016, p. 4). This deepening has been driven by the expansion of microcredit. In tandem, over‐indebtedness has increased among microcredit borrowers, and debt has become a significant political and economic concern. This article explores how over‐indebtedness is understood and explained by stakeholders across microcredit value chains. To do so, we draw on interviews with microfinance institution (MFI) executives, investors, branch managers, partners, financial literacy trainers, loan officers and borrowers in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh. We find that across the sector, dominant framings of over‐indebtedness privilege borrower‐centric explanations, while discounting the structural drivers of excessive lending and borrowing. As a consequence, current efforts to limit over‐indebtedness are unlikely to produce the kinds of solutions that are most needed to reduce the debt stress among borrowers. These arguments have implications across the Global South, particularly for contexts where microfinance is rapidly expanding.
The effects of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation events on intertidal seagrass beds over a long‐term timescale
Authors: Lin Hsing‐Juh , Lee Chen‐Lu , Peng Shang‐En , Hung Meng‐Chi , Liu Pi‐Jen , Mayfield Anderson B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEl Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events can cause dramatic changes in marine communities. However, we know little as to how ENSO events affect tropical seagrass beds over decadal timescales. Therefore, a diverse array of seagrass (Thalassia hemprichii) habitat types were surveyed once every 3 months for 16 years (January 2001 to February 2017) in a tropical intertidal zone that is regularly affected by both ENSO events and anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. La Niña and El Niño events had distinct effects on the biomass and growth of T. hemprichii. During La Niña years, higher (a) precipitation levels and (b) seawater nitrogen concentrations led to increases in seagrass leaf productivity, canopy height, and biomass. However, the latter simultaneously stimulated the growth of periphyton on seagrass leaves; this led to decreases in seagrass cover and shoot density. More frequent La Niña events could, then, eventually lead to either a decline in intertidal seagrass beds or a shift to another, less drought‐resistant seagrass species in those regions already characterized by eutrophication due to local anthropogenic activity.
Deposition of Al2O3 ceramic film on copper‐based heterostructured coatings by aluminizing process: Study of the electrochemical responses and corrosion mechanism of the coating
Authors: Sabzi Masoud , Mersagh Dezfuli Saeid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of deposition of the Al2O3 ceramic film by the aluminizing method on electrochemical responses and corrosion mechanism of copper‐based heterostructured coatings was studied. The single layer coatings of Cu and Al2O3 and Cu/Al2O3 double layers were produced using reverse pulsed current electroplating process followed by powder cementation of aluminum on a substrate made of Inconel 600 superalloy. The produced coatings were then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. In order to evaluate the behavior and corrosion mechanism of the produced coatings, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were also used in 1 mol/L HCl solution at immersion times of 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The results of the study showed that the mechanism of the formation of Cu/Al2O3 copper‐based coatings is that in the aluminizing step, first, the diffusion of Al from the surface layers to the interior occurs and then the diffusion of Cu from the plating layer to the exterior takes places. It was also found that the deposition of the Al2O3 ceramic film resulted in the formation of α‐Al2O3 and CuAl2O4 phases and increased corrosion resistance in Cu/Al2O3 copper‐based coatings at all immersion times and the corrosion mechanism has changed from uniform to localized state.
Phase evolution and microwave dielectric properties of BaTi4O9ceramics prepared by reaction sintering method
Authors: Luo Ting , He Lei , Yang Huan , Yu Hongtao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBaTi4O9microwave dielectric ceramics were prepared by reaction sintering method using BaCO3and TiO2as raw materials. The phase evolution and the chemical reactions were proposed based on the X‐ray diffraction results with sintering temperature. The microstructure characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The compact ceramics with a single phase of BaTi4O9could be prepared successfully by reaction sintering method, exhibiting optimum microwave dielectric properties: a dielectric constant of 36.9, a high quality factor of 52 735 (at 7.5GHz), and a near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 5.8 ppm/°C, after sintering at 1200°C for 6 hours.
Human leucocyte antigen‐G 14‐bp InDel polymorphism and oral squamous cell carcinoma risk in Chinese Han population: A case–control study
Authors: Wang Zengqi , Zhao Lina , Liu Lina , Liu Xueying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuman leucocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule involved in tumour immune escape. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the 14‐bp insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism in the 3′ untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of HLA‐G gene and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk in Chinese Han population (216 cases and 193 healthy controls), and furthermore, to evaluate serum soluble HLA‐G (sHLA‐G) levels in the OSCC patients. Our results demonstrated that the Ins allele was significantly less frequent in the OSCC patients than that in the healthy controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.99; p = 0.040). Distribution of the 14‐bp genotypes in the OSCC patients and the healthy controls revealed that the Ins/Ins genotype was associated with decreased OSCC risk in both the codominant model (Ins/Ins versus Del/Del; OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.33–0.99; p = 0.044) and the log‐additive model (OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.58–0.99; p = 0.044). The serum sHLA‐G level was significantly higher in the OSCC patients than those in the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed the valuable diagnostic value of sHLA‐G for OSCC detection, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.891 (95% CI: 0.856–0.925, p < 0.001). The OSCC patients with Ins/Ins genotype had lower serum sHLA‐G levels than those with Ins/Del and Del/Del genotypes (p = 0.015). Furthermore, serum sHLA‐G levels were significantly increased with the increasing TNM stages of the OSCC patients (p = 0.017). Our findings revealed that the HLA‐G 14‐bp InDel polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor for OSCC susceptibility, and the serum sHLA‐G may act as a promising biomarker for noninvasive diagnosis of OSCC.
Multicenter evaluation of the cobas m 511 integrated hematology analyzer
Authors: Bruegel Mathias , George Tracy I. , Feng Bo , Allen Timothy R. , Bracco Dan , Zahniser David J. , Russcher Henk 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe cobas m 511 integrated hematology analyzer conducts a complete blood count (CBC), white blood cell (WBC) differential, reticulocyte count, and nucleated red blood cell count using automated digital microscopy. This multicenter study validated the analytical performance of the cobas m 511 system.MethodsRepeatability, reproducibility, carryover, mode‐to‐mode comparison, cytomorphology, WBC clinical sensitivity, and method comparison were analyzed at four clinical sites using residual whole blood clinical samples (n = 2546) and fresh whole blood from healthy volunteers (n = 480). For WBC clinical sensitivity, the cobas m 511 system automated CBC and WBC differential, system flags, cobas m 511 images, and stained cobas m 511 slides were compared with manual microscopy. Sysmex® XN analyzers were used for interinstrument method comparison.ResultsRepeatability and reproducibility results showed low variability. There was no significant sample carryover and no difference between open/closed modes. The overall percentage agreement of morphology assessments with manual microscopy (n = 163 samples) was 95.6% for cobas m 511 images and 95.7% for cobas m 511 slides. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting distributional and/or morphological abnormalities were 94.4% and 74.6% for cobas m 511 automated differential, and 95.9% and 73.3% for cobas m 511 image assessment, compared with a manual 400‐cell reference differential (n = 439 samples). Some discordance was seen for monocytes and basophils. Correlations between cobas m 511 and Sysmex XN system data were very good (Pearson's R ≥ 0.95 for most CBC parameters).ConclusionThe cobas m 511 system performs robustly in the clinical laboratory and is suitable for routine clinical use.
Levels and activity of cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase in nurse and forager honeybees
Authors: Thamm M. , Sturm K. , Schlossmann J. , Scheiner R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAge‐dependent division of labour in honeybees was shown to be connected to sensory response thresholds. Foragers show a higher gustatory responsiveness than nurse bees. It is generally assumed that nutrition‐related signalling pathways underlie this behavioural plasticity. Here, one important candidate gene is the foraging gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐dependent protein kinase (PKG). Several roles of members of this enzyme family were analysed in vertebrates. They own functions in important processes such as growth, secretion and neuronal adaptation. Honeybee foraging messenger RNA expression is upregulated in the brain of foragers. In vivo activation of PKG can modulate gustatory responsiveness. We present for the first time PKG protein level and activity data in the context of social behaviour and feeding. Protein level was significantly higher in brains of foragers than in those of nurse bees, substantiating the role of PKG in behavioural plasticity. However, enzyme activity did not differ between behavioural roles. The mediation of feeding status appears independent of PKG signalling. Neither PKG content nor enzyme activity differed between starved and satiated individuals. We suggest that even though nutrition‐related pathways are surely involved in controlling behavioural plasticity, which involves changes in PKG signalling, mediation of satiety itself is independent of PKG.
Natural killer cells are pivotal for in vivo protection following systemic infection by Sporothrix schenckii
Authors: Ferreira Lucas Souza , Portuondo Deivys Leandro , Polesi Marisa Campos , Carlos Iracilda Zeppone 
Published: July 2018

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells are one of the first cell types to enter inflammation sites and have been historically known as key effector cells against tumours and viruses; now, accumulating evidence shows that NK cells are also capable of direct in vitro activity and play a protective role against clinically important fungi in vivo. However, our understanding of NK cell development, maturation and activation in the setting of fungal infections is preliminary at best. Sporotrichosis is an emerging worldwide‐distributed subcutaneous mycosis endemic in many countries, affecting humans and other animals and caused by various related thermodimorphic Sporothrix species, whose prototypical member is Sporothrix schenckii. We show that following systemic infection of BALB/c mice with S. schenckii sensu stricto, NK cells displayed a more mature phenotype as early as 5 days post‐infection as judged by CD11b/CD27 expression. At 10 days post‐infection, NK cells had increased expression of CD62 ligand (CD62L) and killer cell lectin‐like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1), but not of CD25 or CD69. Depletion of NK cells with anti‐asialo GM1 drastically impaired fungal clearance, leading to a more than eightfold increase in splenic fungal load accompanied by heightened systemic inflammation, as shown by augmented production of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor‐α, interferon‐γ and interleukin‐6, but not interleukin‐17A, in the spleen and serum. Our study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that a fungal infection can drive NK cell maturation in vivo and that such cells are pivotal for in vivo protection against S. schenckii.
A nursing shortage – a prospect of global and local policies
Authors: Marć M. , Bartosiewicz A. , Burzyńska J. , Chmiel Z. , Januszewicz P. 
Published: July 2018

AimThe article addresses selected determinants of the nursing shortage in Poland and other countries in the face of employee ageing.BackgroundGlobal demographic changes have led to a systematic increase in the elderly population and a decreasing number of births, which have impacted health policy and healthcare systems in various countries. Both processes necessitate transitions in global health care. Nursing care, which has faced a human resources crisis, is a strategic area within this context.Sources of evidenceThis study is based on national listings and strategic documents for nursing policy in Poland, including Increasing average age of nurses and midwives prepared by the Polish Main Council of Nurses and Midwives, the incorporation of big data, international reports and a literature review on nursing and healthcare challenges.Discussion/ConclusionsThis paper argues that the causes of the nursing shortage are multifaceted with no single global or local measure of its nature. An overview of the problem indicates ineffective planning and use of available nursing resources, poor recruitment or an undersupply of a new staff, and global demographic conditions. The overview highlights the fact that nursing shortages have reached a critical point for healthcare services on both the local and global levels.Conclusions for nursing and health policyThe general recommendations for nursing policy include the need to prepare and implement national social security agendas into services provided by nurses. Such a programme would include general issues: improving working and employment conditions, implementing mechanisms regulating salary and providing the possibility of lifelong learning with the incorporation of mobile and technological innovations as a sustainable solution.