bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-country comparison of depressive symptoms and social–emotional aspects in university students from Brazil and Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from two cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Prado Aneliana da Silva , Baldofski Sabrina , Kohls Elisabeth , Bianchi Alessandra Sant'Anna , Oda Fernanda Suemi , Freitas Joanneliese de Lucas , Rummel-Kluge Christine 
Published: November 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected students’ mental health, increasing pre-existing psychosocial vulnerabilities. University students worldwide have presented differences in their mental health status; however, cross-country studies comparing students’ mental health during the pandemic are lacking.

Aims
To investigate potential differences between university students from Brazil and those from Germany with respect to (a) depressive symptoms and alcohol and drug consumption, (b) social and emotional aspects (loneliness, self-efficacy, perceived stress, social support and resilience) and (c) attitudes towards vaccination.

Method
Two online cross-sectional studies were conducted with university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil (November 2021 to March 2022) and in Germany (April to May 2022). Depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, loneliness, self-efficacy, perceived stress, social support, resilience, sociodemographic information and attitudes towards vaccination were assessed. Data were analysed using univariate and bivariate models.

Results
The total sample comprised N = 7911 university students, with n = 2437 from Brazil and n = 5474 from Germany. Brazilian students presented significantly more depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts, higher levels of perceived stress, higher frequency of drug or substance consumption, and lower levels of perceived social support and resilience than German students, whereas German students presented higher levels of loneliness than Brazilian students. A more favourable opinion towards vaccinations in general was found among Brazilian students compared with German students.

Conclusions
In both countries, low-threshold (online) counselling targeting university students is needed. The differences between the samples could indicate country and/or cultural differences which justify further research in this area.
Analysis of 20 Independently Performed Assays to Measure Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) in Ovarian Cancer: Findings From the Friends' HRD Harmonization Project
Authors: Andrews Hillary S. , McShane Lisa M. , Kohn Elise C. , Arend Rebecca , Karlovich Chris , Kincaid Kaitlyn , Laird A. Douglas , Li Ming-Chung , Sokol Ethan S. , Starks Elizabeth R. , Bi Shulin , Brunner Lauren , Chapman Alyssa , Chen Li , Coletta Tommaso , Ding Yuan , Oliver Bailee D. , Foxall McKenzie , Gupta Mohit , Halford Zan , Kahn Andrea G. , Kotlov Nikita , Lai Yi-Hsuan Lucy , Lazar Alexander J. , Li Wenjie , McKelvey Brittany A. , Nam Hyunjun , Pabla Sarabjot , Safabakhsh Pegah , Saul Daniel , Stenzinger Albrecht , Taxter Timothy , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Yingdong , Zou ShiPing , Stewart Mark D. , Allen Jeff D. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) assays measure DNA damage repair dysfunction to identify patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) who may benefit from poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis). Numerous assays are available, but only two have undergone prospective clinical validation. Assay variability can affect patient and provider treatment choices; however, the level of assay variability across laboratory developed tests is unknown.

METHODS
Friends of Cancer Research initiated a research partnership, inviting HRD assay developers to participate in two blinded analyses. In the first, 11 assay developers reported HRD status for the Cancer Genome Atlas HGSOC data set (In Silico; n = 348) and then 17 assay developers reported HRD status for nucleic acids freshly extracted from archival specimens (n = 90) from patients with advanced HGSOC (clinical). HRD status was compared for each analysis.

RESULTS

The median (IQR) pairwise positive percent agreement (PPA) for the in silico analysis was 74% (51%-89%) and 81% (64%-92%) for pairwise negative percent agreement (NPA); for the clinical analysis PPA was 83% (70%-91%) and NPA was 80% (62%-91%). There was higher positive agreement on HRD status calls among those with a
BRCA1
or
BRCA2
mutation and a higher negative agreement in
CCNE1
-amplified cases. Sample characteristics like tissue block age were not observed to be associated with agreement. A subgroup of tumors largely called HRD across assays with no
BRCA1
or
BRCA2
mutations was associated with better outcomes on standard platinum-based therapy compared with not HRD; however, the subgroup was small, and further research is warranted.

CONCLUSION
This analysis demonstrates how results from 20 HRD assays compare when assessing HGSOC. The results set the stage to improve alignment and establish standards for acceptable levels of agreement moving forward.
Neurosurgery in Pakistan: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Ajmal Erum , Khilji Hamza , Barthélemy Ernest J. , Khan Tariq 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Since its independence from India in 1947, Pakistan has struggled with economic crises such as global debt, corruption, constant regime change, and a decades-long war against terrorism. The resulting socioeconomic barriers have stymied efforts to develop a comprehensive and equitably accessible healthcare system, especially regarding safe, timely, and affordable surgical care. This article evaluates neurosurgery's development, current state, and prospects in Pakistan, a lower-middle–income country.

METHODS:
We performed a literature search using PubMed and analyzed relevant articles to better understand the state and landscape of neurosurgery in Pakistan. Moreover, we conducted ecological research by querying the databases of the World Bank and the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation to evaluate the neurological and neurosurgical disease burden in the Pakistani population.

RESULTS:
The neurosurgical workforce in Pakistan has demonstrated rapid growth over the past two decades, with approximately 450 neurosurgeons and a neurosurgeon-per-100 000 population density of 0.114. Nonetheless, access to essential neurosurgical procedures for the treatment of diseases such as stroke has been difficult to ensure, which likely contributes to Pakistan's stroke burden, ie, stroke was still the third most common cause of death in 2019, causing 21.7% of all deaths.

CONCLUSION:
While Pakistan's political and economic instability has adversely affected the development of neurosurgery, the field has still made great strides and demonstrates a promising future in providing equitable neurosurgical care to all Pakistan's people.
Decision-making style and entrepreneurial intentions among public sector workers in Ghana
Authors: Amofah Kwaku 
Published: November 2024

The present research endeavours to ascertain the rational decision-making style of public sector workers (PSWs) and their impact on entrepreneurial opportunities in Ghana. In particular, the study examines the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention and the moderating effect of social capital. To test the hypotheses, a sample of 358 PSWs was analysed using a structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings reveal that decision-making style has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention, opportunity development, and opportunity creation, respectively. Furthermore, the research supports the mediating role of entrepreneurial intention, which manifests itself as a crucial conduit between decision-making style and both opportunity development and opportunity creation. The study emphasises the imperative for policymakers to foster a robust social environment that nurtures the Ghanaian PSW community. The study posits that entrepreneurial opportunity creation can be substantially enhanced by encouraging these workers to explore and create business ventures.
Przestrzenna i czasowa zmienność zachmurzenia nad Polską w czasie przelotów satelity Sentinel-2
Authors: Kulesza Kinga 
Published: November 2024

W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę zachmurzenia w Polsce w miesiącach okresu wegetacyjnego (kwiecień–wrzesień) w latach 1991–2015, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem czasu przelotów satelity Sentinel-2. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie danych o zachmurzeniu, pochodzących z produktu satelitarnego Satellite Application Facility for Climate Monitoring (CM SAF), charakteryzujących się wysoką rozdzielczością czasową (1 godzina) i przestrzenną (0,05° × 0,05°). Oceniono dobowy przebieg zachmurzenia w poszczególnych regionach Polski. Sporządzono także rozkład przestrzenny zachmurzenia oraz liczbę dni pochmurnych w godzinach 6:00, 12:00 i 18:00 UTC i w godzinach przelotu satelity Sentinel-2 (9:00, 10:00 i 11:00 UTC). W północno-zachodniej i zachodniej Polsce w czerwcu zachmurzenie w godzinach dziennych jest znacznie wyższe niż w pozostałych miesiącach, a różnica ta sięga aż 4 punktów procentowych w godzinach przelotu satelity Sentinel-2. W większości regionów kraju jest od 12–14 do 16–17 dni z niebem pochmurnym w tych godzinach. Na terenach górskich i na Pojezierzu Pomorskim liczba ta przekracza średnio 20 dni w miesiącu, co znacznie ogranicza możliwość wykorzystania optycznych danych satelitarnych z Sentinel-2 w badaniach środowiskowych.
Genetic changes clinically relevant in canine osteosarcoma
Authors: Lee E , Loukopoulos P 
Published: November 2024

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a malignant tumour of osteoblasts, forming neoplastic bone and/or osteoid. The cancer is most prevalent in children and canines, although occurring 10 times more frequently in the latter (Fenger et al., 2014). Up to 85% of malignant bone cancers are diagnosed as OSA, characterised by aggressive metastasis and rapid haematogenous dissemination, particularly to the lungs (Nelson and Couto, 2019, Thompson and Dittmer, 2020). These most commonly occur in dogs aged between 7-10 years (Selvarajah et al., 2009). The nature of canine osteosarcoma (CnOSA) gravitates to the appendicular skeleton, with 95% prevalence in dogs over 40kg, and 40% prevalence in dogs under 15kg (Nelson and Couto, 2019). Regardless of the high prevalence of CnOSA, there has been little progression in improving survival rates in the last 50 years (Zapata et al., 2019). This may be a consequence of the spontaneity of the cancer in canines (Davis and Ostrander, 2014). However, recent combined utilisation of genomic/transcriptomic technologies has been of benefit to investigating genetic loci as causes and/or protectors against CnOSA (Davis and Ostrander, 2014). As a result, somatic mutations in the TP53, MYC, CDKN2A/B, PTEN, RUNX2, and DLG2 genes in humans and dogs with osteosarcoma– and KIT and MDM2 in OSA dogs alone have been identified (Zapata et al., 2019). These findings are not only of prognostic importance to the several dog breeds with genetic predispositions to CnOSA (Simpson et al., 2017), but for humans too. This is not purely for better diagnosis of at-risk patients, but for earlier management, and a foundation for novel approaches to treatment targets for OS. Therefore, this literature review aims to identify the genetic changes clinically relevant in dogs with osteosarcoma.
Genetic profiling of virulence genes among Pseudomonas Aeruginosa isolates recovered from diseased chickens
Authors: Morsy MM , Sorour HK , Abdel Razek ZS , Shalaby AG 
Published: November 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is regarded as an opportunistic organism for bird species. Also is one can be mentioned as an example of an environment-associated infection that results in severe disease in poultry farms, Indeed, we detected the incidence of P. aeruginosa in chickens and also discovered the implicated virulence genes and antibiotic-resistant mechanism. Two hundred cases were collected from broiler and layer chicken organs (heart blood, heart, and lungs) that suffered from some respiratory manifestation and septicemia in addition to yolk sacs from one-day-old chicks, which were examined bacteriologically and Serologically. The studied isolates were tested against eight antimicrobial discs. Bacterial DNA was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against six virulence genes (lasL, lasB toxA, exoU, exoT, and oprl genes). Eighteen isolates out of 200 (9%) of P. aeruginosa were defined. Serologically the isolates were related to more serogroup (O1,O4,O6, O11 and O12) P. aeruginosa. PCR defined the existence of P. aeruginosa by detection of the 16SRNA gene. All isolates showed 100% multidrug resistance (MDR) to more than one antimicrobial disc (sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin). Conversely, those isolates exhibited 100% sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, and four of them showed sensitivity to norfloxacin with a percentage of (22.2%). In addition to 15 isolates showed resistance of 83.3% percent to streptomycin and nalidixic acid. By PCR test, all examined P. aeruginosa strains carried four virulence genes (lasI, toxA, exoU, and oprl). However, only three strains carried lasB, and four carried the exoT gene. In conclusion, we confirmed the presence of different factors of virulence for P. aeruginosa and MDR to more than one antimicrobial drug. So, restricting Pseudomonas infection in poultry requires strict biosecurity measures to control and eradicate the infection by P. aeruginosa
Morphological characteristics of rabbits’ carpal tunnel: Evaluation of its potential for carpal tunnel research
Authors: Turker Yavas F , Dabanoglu I 
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to define the main anatomic components and describe the normal size and form of the carpal tunnel in rabbits using imaging techniques. It was also aimed to evaluate the potential of rabbits as an animal model for carpal tunnel research. The forelimbs of eight adult New Zealand rabbits were investigated using histology, magnetic resonance, and computed tomography. Two cadavers were used for anatomical dissection to support the findings. The carpal tunnel was examined at proximal and distal levels, and it was found that the flexor retinaculum is two-layered in rabbits. Both vascular nerve bundles, including the median nerve and the ramus palmaris of the ulnar nerve, were within two layers of it and passed through the carpal tunnel. The deep digital flexor, superficial digital flexor, and radial carpal flexor tendons were observed within the carpal tunnel. The flexor pollicis longus tendon is not found in rabbits. The area of the carpal tunnel narrowed towards the distal end in three methods, and its depth decreased in CT and MRI. The length of the accessory carpal bone determined this depth. The study found that rabbits' carpal tunnels are morphologically similar to those of humans compared to dogs. This situation is thought to pave the way for more accurate approaches to carpal tunnel research in rabbits.
Minerva Potenziale und Produktvision
Authors: Gutzmann Jan Christoph , Dossena Gian Luca , Weber Verena , Rüdel Thomas , Prilla Michael 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine Infrastruktur zur Virtualisierung des Handwerks. Gemeinsam mit Anwendern aus den Bereichen Sanitär, Heizung, Klima, Elektrik und Maler- und Lackierarbeiten wurden Anforderungen und Ziele eruiert. Ziel des hier beschriebenen Virtualisierungskonzepts ist die räumliche und zeitliche Flexibilisierung von Handwerksdienstleistungen. Technologien wie Augmented Reality (AR) und KI-Assistenten (Chatbots) können dazu beitragen, indem sie die Bearbeitung von Kundenanfragen und Beratungsgesprächen verbessern und indem Absprachen vor Ort durch Fernunterstützung flexibilisiert werden. Erfahrene Fachkräfte können bspw. ortsunabhängig Mitarbeitende vor Ort unterstützen. Eine erste Feldstudie zeigt hierzu sowohl akzeptanzfördernde als auch hemmende Faktoren. Die Fernunterstützung durch AR unterstützt Fragen auf Baustellen effizient zu klären und fördert den Informationsaustausch zwischen Durchführung und Planungsbüro. Das System bietet neben Flexibilisierung und Zeitersparnis Chancen für Mitarbeitende mit gesundheitlich besonderen Anforderungen, Wissen und Erfahrungen weiterzugeben. Ein hemmender Faktor ist die oft sperrige Hardware in Kombination mit den besonderen Eigenschaften der Arbeitsorte. Entwicklungsarbeiten werden sich daher zukünftig auf mobilere Systeme konzentrieren. Zusätzlich verbessern Chatbots die zeitliche Flexibilisierung. Ein Praxiseinsatz zeigt eine gute Antwortqualität von Kundenanfragen und Potenzial in der Neukundenakquise sowie einer vereinfachteren Terminfindung. Beide Technologien sollen zukünftig ineinandergreifen, um eine ganzheitliche Flexibilisierung von Auftragsanfrage bis Abschluss zu erreichen.
A mechanistic model of in vitro plasma activation to evaluate therapeutic kallikrein-kinin system inhibitors
Authors: Rezvani-Sharif Alireza , Lioe Hadi , Dower Steven K. , Pelzing Matthias , Panousis Con , Harvie Dalton J. E. , Muir Ineke L. 
Published: November 2024

Background
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a complex biochemical pathway that plays a crucial role in regulating several physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, and blood pressure. Dysregulation of the KKS has been associated with several pathological conditions such as hereditary angioedema (HAE), hypertension, and stroke. Developing an accurate quantitative model of the KKS may provide a better understanding of its role in health and disease and facilitate the rapid and targeted development of effective therapies for KKS-related disorders.

Objectives
Here, we present a novel, detailed mechanistic model of the plasma KKS, elucidating the processes of Factor XII (FXII) activation, the kallikrein feedback loop, cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen leading to bradykinin (BK) production, and the impact of inhibitors.

Methods
The model incorporates both surface and solution-phase reactions of all proteins in the KKS, describing how binding site concentration affects the rate of surface reactions. The model was calibrated and validated using a variety of published and in-house experimental datasets, which encompass a range of dextran sulphate (DXS) concentrations to initiate contact activation and various KKS inhibitors to block bradykinin production.

Results
Our mathematical model showed that a trace amount of activated FXII is required for subsequent FXII activation. The model also reveals a bell-shaped curve relationship between the activation of the KKS and the number of DXS surface binding sites. Simulations of BK generation in healthy and HAE plasma demonstrated the impact of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1inh) deficiency via increased peak BK levels and accelerated formation in HAE plasma. The efficacy of KKS inhibitors, such as CSL312, ecallantide, and C1inh, was also evaluated, with CSL312 showing the most potent inhibition of BK generation.

Conclusions
The present model represents a valuable framework for studying the intricate interactions within the plasma KKS and provides a better understanding of the mechanism of action of various KKS-targeted therapies.
Lack of sex-specific differences in the associations between the dimensions of great vessels and exercise performance in amateur cyclists
Authors: Pytka Michał J. , Domin Remigiusz A. , Żołyński Mikołaj S. , Niziński Jan , Krauze Tomasz , Więckowska Barbara , Wykrętowicz Andrzej , Guzik Przemysław 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundEndurance training enhances exercise capacity and triggers cardiovascular adaptations in both males and females. We investigated the relationship between the dimensions of great vessels and exercise capacity in amateur cyclists while considering sex differences.MethodsUsing resting transthoracic echocardiography, we measured the dimensions of the main pulmonary artery (PA), aorta, and inferior vena cava (IVC) in 190 participants, who subsequently underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) until exhaustion.ResultsThe mean age of study participants was 30 years. Males (71%) exhibited a larger aortic annulus (approximately 3.5 mm,p<0.0001) and PA diameter (2.4 mm,p<0.0001) than females. No significant sex differences were found in expiratory or inspiratory IVC diameters. Males achieved greater peak exercise capacity, including workload, O2consumption (VO2), and O2pulse. Aortic and PA dimensions showed strong correlations with energy expenditure, workload, VO2, and O2pulse. However, these correlations weakened when analyzed separately by sex. Multivariate linear regression revealed associations between CPET results, vessels size, and sex, with sex differences observed only in the intercepts—not in interactions between sex and vessels size. Despite males having better CPET results and larger vessels, the relationships between peak exercise capacity parameters and vessel dimensions were similar in both sexes.ConclusionLarger vessel dimensions (of the aorta, PA, and IVC) were associated with greater peak exercise capacity in amateur cyclists, with no significant sex differences in these associations.
Centro Socioeducativo Padre Cícero: O Adolescente Privado de Liberdade e sua Relação com a Escola
Authors: Alencar Francisca Carminha Monteiro de Lima Salatiel de , Azevedo Crislane Barbosa 
Published: November 2024

O presente artigo analisa a relação com a escola dos adolescentes privados de liberdade no Centro Socioeducativo Padre Cícero, no município de Juazeiro do Norte – Ceará, na perspectiva da Teoria da Relação com o Saber de Bernard Charlot, procurando entender como esses jovens vivenciam o processo educacional em um contexto marcado por restrições e vulnerabilidades. O artigo objetiva analisar como os adolescentes se relacionam com a escola e que sentidos atribuem à mesma. Inicialmente faremos uma abordagem sobre o SINASE (Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo, lei 12.594 de 18 de janeiro de 2012), em seguida delineamos um perfil socioeconômico, familiar e escolar dos internos. No ponto seguinte, analisaremos os sentidos/significados que esses adolescentes atribuem à escola. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizamos como recursos teórico-metodológicos a pesquisa documental com a análise da legislação nacional e estadual sobre o tema. No âmbito da pesquisa qualitativa utilizou-se para a coleta de dados, a aplicação dos instrumentos balanços do saber e entrevistas semiestruturadas. O recorte temporal da coleta de dados foi realizado no segundo semestre de 2022 e primeiro semestre de 2023. A análise possibilitou que as pesquisadoras concluíssem que, apesar de todas as situações de vulnerabilidade, os adolescentes, na sua maioria, atribuem à escola o meio fundamental para alteração positiva do contexto em que vivem. Entretanto, percebeu-se também que alguns não vislumbram essa mudança somente através, evidenciando a necessidade/utilidade da aprendizagem escolar para a consecução de um trabalho/emprego.