bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical aerial and terrestrial photographs for the investigation of mass movement dynamics in the Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Kropáček Jan , Vařilová Zuzana , Nyssen Jan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe edges of the Ethiopian Plateau are affected by frequent landslides predisposed by pronounced seasonality in precipitation, thick weathering mantle of volcanic material, and rough relief. We analyzed the three‐dimensional dynamics of three large landslides in Dessie using digital elevation models and ortho‐images derived from a time‐series of aerial photographs reaching back to 1936. Furthermore, we utilized repeated photography based on terrestrial photographs from the 1930s and 1940s to analyze landscape changes. It was revealed that the large sliding zone (25.4 ha) in lacustrine sediments at Kerra locality existed approximately in the present extent already before 1936. The volume of depleted material of the 1986–1994 rock slide at Doro Mezleya locality was assessed as 1.82 106 m3 with mean vertical thickness of 48 m. Additionally, we described the nowadays inactive Hot Spring landslide (12.9 ha). We documented a large scale reforestation of the area carried out as a remediation measure and rapid changes in land cover and settlement structure. We conclude that two out of three studied large landslides existed before 1936 and thus are not induced by the increased human pressure on the landscape of the last decades. Additionally, we provide an overview about collections of historical aerial photographs of Ethiopia, and we discuss their potential and drawbacks for mass wasting studies.
The effect of brief subway station noise exposure on commuter hearing
Authors: Shah Ravi R. , Suen Jonathan J. , Cellum Ilana P. , Spitzer Jaclyn B. , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo demonstrate that brief exposure to subway noise causes temporary threshold shift and is preventable with noise protection.MethodsThe study was conducted as a randomized crossover trial. Twenty subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, one with hearing protection and one without. Subjects were exposed to subway platform noise for 15 minutes. Pre‐ and post‐exposure pure tone audiometry (PTA) and otoacoustic emissions were compared. After a washout period, subjects switched hearing protection groups and repeated the process.ResultsA statistically significant reduction in PTA thresholds after subway noise exposure was identified, for subjects with and without hearing protection (P < .001). For exposure without hearing protection, the mean threshold was 5.19 dB pre‐exposure and 3.91 dB post‐exposure (decrease of 1.28 dB; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.74). For exposure with hearing protection, the mean threshold was 4.81 dB pre‐exposure and 3.47 dB post‐exposure (decrease of 1.34 dB; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.79).ConclusionBrief exposure to subway noise did not cause hearing loss with or without noise protection. Though clinically insignificant, the unexpected finding of reduction in PTA suggests that there are complex heterogeneous short‐ and long‐term cochlear responses to noise exposure that should be further explored.Level of Evidence1b
Model‐based reconstruction framework for correction of signal pile‐up and geometric distortions in prostate diffusion MRI
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Kakkar Lebina , Kirkham Alex , Arridge Simon , Atkinson David 
Published: November 2018

PurposeProstate diffusion‐weighted MRI scans can suffer from geometric distortions, signal pileup, and signal dropout attributed to differences in tissue susceptibility values at the interface between the prostate and rectal air. The aim of this work is to present and validate a novel model based reconstruction method that can correct for these distortions.MethodsIn regions of severe signal pileup, standard techniques for distortion correction have difficulty recovering the underlying true signal. Furthermore, because of drifts and inaccuracies in the determination of center frequency, echo planar imaging (EPI) scans can be shifted in the phase‐encoding direction. In this work, using a B0 field map and a set of EPI data acquired with blip‐up and blip‐down phase encoding gradients, we model the distortion correction problem linking the distortion‐free image to the acquired raw corrupted k‐space data and solve it in a manner analogous to the sensitivity encoding method. Both a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the proposed method is performed in vivo in 10 patients.ResultsWithout distortion correction, mean Dice similarity scores between a reference T2W and the uncorrected EPI images were 0.64 and 0.60 for b‐values of 0 and 500 s/mm2, respectively. Compared to the Topup (distortion correction method commonly used for neuro imaging), the proposed method achieved Dice scores (0.87 and 0.85 versus 0.82 and 0.80) and better qualitative results in patients where signal pileup was present because of high rectal gas residue.ConclusionModel‐based reconstruction can be used for distortion correction in prostate diffusion MRI.
Evaluating corrections for Eddy‐currents and other EPI distortions in diffusion MRI: methodology and a dataset for benchmarking
Authors: Irfanoglu M. Okan , Sarlls Joelle , Nayak Amritha , Pierpaoli Carlo 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
To propose a methodology for assessment of algorithms that correct distortions due to motion, eddy‐currents, and echo planar imaging in diffusion weighted images (DWIs).
Methods
The proposed method evaluates correction performance by measuring variability across datasets of the same object acquired with images having distortions in different directions, thereby overcoming the unavailability of ground‐truth, undistorted DWIs. A comprehensive diffusion MRI dataset, collected using a suitable experimental design, is made available to the scientific community, consisting of three DWI shells (Bmax = 5000 s/mm2), 30 gradient directions, a replicate set of antipodal gradient directions, four phase‐encoding directions, and three different head orientations. The proposed methodology was tested using the TORTOISE diffusion MRI processing pipeline.
Results
The median variability of the original distorted data was 123% higher for DWIs, 100–168% higher for tensor‐derived metrics and 28–111% higher for MAPMRI metrics, than in the corrected versions. EPI distortions induced substantial variability, nearly comparable to the contribution of eddy‐current distortions.
Conclusions
The dataset and the evaluation strategy proposed herein enable quantitative comparison of different methods for correction of distortions due to motion, eddy‐currents, and other EPI distortions, and can be useful in benchmarking newly developed algorithms.
Fast tomoelastography of the mouse brain by multifrequency single‐shot MR elastography
Authors: Bertalan Gergely , Guo Jing , Tzschätzsch Heiko , Klein Charlotte , Barnhill Eric , Sack Ingolf , Braun Jürgen 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo introduce in vivo multifrequency single‐shot magnetic resonance elastography for full‐FOV stiffness mapping of the mouse brain and to compare in vivo stiffness of neural tissues with different white‐to‐gray matter ratios.MethodsViscous phantoms and 10 C57BL‐6 mice were investigated by 7T small‐animal MRI using a single‐shot spin‐echo planar imaging magnetic resonance elastography sequence with motion‐encoding gradients positioned before the refocusing pulse. Wave images were acquired over 10 minutes for 6 mechanical vibration frequencies between 900 and 1400 Hz. Stiffness maps of shear wave speed (SWS) were computed using tomoelastography data processing and compared with algebraic Helmholtz inversion (AHI) for signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) analysis. Different brain regions were analyzed including cerebral cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, and diencephalon.ResultsIn phantoms, algebraic Helmholtz inversion–based SWS was systematically biased by noise and discretization, whereas tomoelastography‐derived SWS was consistent over the full SNR range analyzed. Mean in vivo SWS of the whole brain was 3.76 ± 0.33 m/s with significant regional variation (hippocampus = 4.91 ± 0.49 m/s, diencephalon = 4.78 ± 0.78 m/s, cerebral cortex = 3.53 ± 0.29 m/s, and corpus callosum = 2.89 ± 0.17 m/s).ConclusionTomoelastography retrieves mouse brain stiffness within shorter scan times and with greater detail resolution than classical algebraic Helmholtz inversion–based magnetic resonance elastography. The range of SWS values obtained here indicates that mouse white matter is softer than gray matter at the frequencies investigated.
Infrared Imagery and Inert Media Used in Treating Upwelling Groundwater with Rotenone
Authors: Haukebø Trond , Steinkjer Jarle , Finlayson Brian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Untreated upwelling groundwater from seeps and springs in and adjacent to surface water bodies has been long suspected of causing failed rotenone treatments by providing a refugia of nontoxic water. A possible solution involves the use of an inert media to carry the liquid rotenone to the source of upwelling groundwater and release rotenone over an extended period of time sufficient to affect the mortality of the target fish. In our initial study to address this problem, we used thermal infrared imagery (FLIR One) on a smartphone to locate groundwater that was subsequently treated with mixtures of the liquid rotenone formulation CFT Legumine (3.3% rotenone) utilizing two commercially available inert carriers: (1) CatSan Hygiene Litter (mixture of quartz sand and calcite) and (2) Vectocarb (fine powder of modified CaCO3). Trials on the mixtures were conducted in 2015 in upwelling groundwater areas of the Skibotn River drainage, Troms County, Norway, the site of previously failed eradication efforts. Following application, mean concentrations of 75.6 to 131 μg/L rotenone were present at 0.5 h in the pools and the brooks downstream of the upwelling groundwater that decreased and stabilized to 11.5 to 16.8 μg/L rotenone at 3 h. Both carriers have large surface areas (porosity) that transport (through sorption) the rotenone liquid to the source of upwelling groundwater and release (through desorption) concentrations of rotenone over at least 3 h. Both mixtures show promise in treating upwelling groundwater to eradicate fish from those areas and were used successfully in the 2016 retreatment of Skibotn River for the eradication of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar infested with the ectoparasite Gyrodactylus salaris.
Raphael Lemkin in Remote Australia: The Logic of Cultural Genocide and Homelands
Authors: Altman Jon 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIn the 1970s, Aboriginal people in remote Australia took decisive steps to decentralize from government settlements and missions to live and make a living on their ancestral lands at places that have become known as homelands. Over time, this migration garnered some state support and saw the emergence of new facilitating institutions. But in the last decade homeland living has been discursively demeaned by politicians, and policies have been put in place to undermine the possibility of residing and making a livelihood in these smallest, most remote places mainly located on Indigenous‐titled lands. As Indigenous territorial rights expand, the state looks to extinguish possibilities for current and future generations to utilize the land and its resources for livelihood. In this article, I draw on evidence from political discourse, policy documents and programme design and implementation to outline this state project to eliminate a contemporary lifeway. I provide ethnographic evidence from work with Kuninjku people in Arnhem Land that documents this destruction. I engage with the work of Raphael Lemkin to document and theorize the techniques being deployed in terms of the logic of cultural genocide. I end by asking what homelands people might do to push back and what role anthropologists might play in such a process.
In‐situ polymerization of aliphatic‐aromatic polyamide nanocomposites in the presence of Halloysite nanotubes
Authors: Taherian Sara , Rahmani Sima , Sharif Alireza , Zeinolebadi Ahmad , Abdollahi Mahdi 
Published: November 2018

Nanocomposites consisting of semi‐aromatic polyamide (PA) and pristine or alkali activated halloysite nanotubes (HNT or mHNT, respectively) were synthesized by the in‐situ interfacial polymerization method. The condensation reactions were carried out between isophthaloyl dichloride in hexane and triethylenetetramine in water containing different amounts of HNT or mHNT. The interactions and crystallinity of the nanocomposites were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. Development of hydrogen bonds between the functional groups of PA and hydroxyl groups of nanotubes was indicated by FTIR spectroscopy. According to the XRD analysis, the addition of HNT and mHNT nanotubes increased the crystallinity of the PA. This was ascribed to the role of nanotubes as nucleating agents in the PA matrix. Thermal resistance and char residue of PA, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis, were enhanced by incorporating both HNT and mHNT and the latter was more effective in this regard. Furthermore, while the addition of pristine HNTs decreased the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PA, the Tg could be increased by about 5°C, in the presence of 5 wt% of mHNTs. Finally, the facilely activated mHNT nanotubes were found to be highly efficient in improving the thermal and structural properties of semi‐aromatic PAs.
Higher incidence of surgery‐related complications in Wilms tumor nephrectomy from clinical records analysis compared with central database registration
Authors: van Poll Daan , Wilde Jim , van de Ven Kees , Asimakidou Maria , Heij Hugo , Wijnen Marc 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCentral database registrations are widely used tools for assessment of clinical results, but their reliability is subject to debate. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of central database registration for Wilms tumor (WT) nephrectomy‐related complications.Design/MethodsAll Dutch patients undergoing WT nephrectomy according to the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) 2001 protocol between 2001 and 2013 were evaluated. Results from the central database were analyzed and compared with data found via individual medical records analysis (gold standard).ResultsA total of 179 patients were included. Fourteen (7.8%) patients with a total of 17 complications were identified in the central database. The medical records revealed that 33 (18.4%) of patients had undergone a total of 41 complications (P < 0.001). Operative complications were similar between the groups (P = 0.157). Eleven short‐term complications were noted in the central database versus 27 in the medical records (P = 0.059). Significantly more long‐term complications, namely, adhesive small‐bowel obstruction, were noted from the medical records compared with the central database (7 vs 1, respectively, P < 0.001). Postoperative chemotherapy was significantly delayed by on average 6 days (P < 0.0001) in patients with complications. No significant effect of complications on event‐free survival, overall survival, or the relapse rate was recorded.ConclusionCentral database registrations underestimate the incidence of surgery‐related complications after WT nephrectomy and need to be regarded with caution.
Bone marrow transplant and pediatric multiple myeloma
Authors: Davidow Kimberly A. , Walter Andrew W. , Kolb E. Anders 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder that is rare in the pediatric population, with only approximately 0.3% of cases diagnosed before the age of 30. In this report, we present two patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma between the ages of 12 and 16. Their respective treatment regimens are discussed, including the use of both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplant.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Turpin Brian , Pressey Joseph G. , Nagarajan Rajaram , Weiss Brian D. , Trout Andrew T. , Gelfand Michael J. , Pater Luke , Vatner Ralph E. , Breneman John C. , Dasgupta Roshni 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHead and neck rhabdomyosarcoma lymph node staging is challenging due to varied patterns of lymphatic drainage and the suboptimal predictive value of available imaging modalities. Furthermore, regional relapse rates are unacceptably high, and the toxicity of empiric radiation is undesirable in the pediatric and young adult population. In an attempt to improve locoregional control without excess morbidity, we have adopted routine sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma, which is safe and feasible in pediatric patients. Of six procedures reported here, pathologic findings led to intensification of regional and/or systemic therapy in two patients.
How I approach iron deficiency with and without anemia
Authors: Powers Jacquelyn M. , O'Brien Sarah H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIron deficiency anemia remains a common referral to the pediatric hematology–oncology subspecialist. Improved understanding of iron homeostasis, including the effects of the regulatory hormone hepcidin, recent adult and pediatric clinical trial data, as well as the availability of safer formulations of intravenous iron, have resulted in additional considerations when making treatment recommendations in such patients. Young children and adolescent females remain the most commonly affected groups, but children with complex medical or chronic inflammatory conditions including comorbid gastrointestinal disorders also require special consideration.
Composite polymer electrolytes based on electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane membrane and polyethylene oxide for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries
Authors: Gao Minghao , Wang Chao , Zhu Lin , Cheng Qin , Xu Xin , Xu Gewen , Huang Yiping , Bao Junjie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo improve the electrochemical properties and enhance the mechanical strength of solid polymer electrolytes, series of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) were fabricated with hybrids of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun membrane, polyethylene oxide (PEO), SiO2 nanoparticles and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (LiTFSI). The structure and properties of the CPEs were confirmed by SEM, XRD, DSC, TGA, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear sweep voltammetry. The TPU electrospun membrane as the skeleton can improve the mechanical properties of the CPEs. In addition, SiO2 particles can suppress the crystallization of PEO. The results show that the TPU‐electrospun‐membrane‐supported PEO electrolyte with 5 wt% SiO2 and 20 wt% LiTFSI (TPU/PEO‐5%SiO2‐20%Li) presents an ionic conductivity of 6.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 60 °C with a high tensile strength of 25.6 MPa. The battery using TPU/PEO‐5%SiO2‐20%Li as solid electrolyte and LiFePO4 as cathode shows an attractive discharge capacity of 152, 150, 121, 75, 55 and 26 mA h g−1 at C‐rates of 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C and 5C, respectively. The discharge capacity of the cell remains 110 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles at 1C at 60 °C (with a capacity retention of 91%). All the results indicate that this CPE can be applied to all‐solid‐state rechargeable lithium batteries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of pH and content of reduction‐sensitive copolymer on the guest exchange kinetics of micelles
Authors: Li Yixia , Si Jianhao , Fan Haiyan , Ye Xiaodong 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe micelles formed by reduction‐sensitive amphiphilic copolymer have emerged as promising drug nanocarriers due to the controlled drug release and effective anticancer activity triggered by the reducing stimulation. However, the effect of pH on the stability and guest exchange of the micelles formed by reduction‐sensitive copolymer have not been systemically investigated. Herein, the micelles formed by a reduction‐sensitive copolymer poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] (PCL–SS–POEGA) with a single disulfide group at different pH values loaded with dyes 3,3′‐dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate/1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO/DiI) were prepared through the precipitation‐dialysis method. In addition, mixed micelles formed by different contents of reduction‐sensitive and reduction‐insensitive copolymers encapsulated with DiO/DiI at pH 7.5 were also prepared by the similar approach. The effects of pH and the content of reduction‐sensitive copolymer on guest exchange of these micelles were studied by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method. Results show that the pH value in the environment has great influence on the guest exchange rate of reduction‐sensitive micelles in the presence of 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and slight effect on that in the absence of DTT. Under a reducing environment, the guest exchange rate of the micelles containing various contents of disulfide‐linked copolymer increases with the increasing content of PCL–SS–POEGA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1636–1644
Thermal stability of single‐domain antibodies estimated by molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Bekker Gert‐Jan , Ma Benson , Kamiya Narutoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSingle‐domain antibodies (sdAbs) function like regular antibodies, however, consist of only one domain. Because of their low molecular weight, sdAbs have advantages with respect to production and delivery to their targets and for applications such as antibody drugs and biosensors. Thus, sdAbs with high thermal stability are required. In this work, we chose seven sdAbs, which have a wide range of melting temperature (Tm) values and known structures. We applied molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to estimate their relative stability and compared them with the experimental data. High‐temperature MD simulations at 400 K and 500 K were executed with simulations at 300 K as a control. The fraction of native atomic contacts, Q, measured for the 400 K simulations showed a fairly good correlation with the Tm values. Interestingly, when the residues were classified by their hydrophobicity and size, the Q values of hydrophilic residues exhibited an even better correlation, suggesting that stabilization is correlated with favorable interactions of hydrophilic residues. Measuring the Q value on a per‐residue level enabled us to identify residues that contribute significantly to the instability and thus demonstrating how our analysis can be used in a mutant case study.