bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio Follow-up of a Candidate γ-Ray Transient in the Sky Localization Area of GW170608
Authors: Artkop Kyle , Smith Rachel , Corsi Alessandra , Giacintucci Simona , Peters Wendy M. , Perna Rosalba , Cenko S. Bradley , Clarke Tracy E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
After the identification of a candidate γ-ray transient in the error region of the binary black hole (BBH) merger GW150914 by the Fermi satellite, the question of whether BBH mergers can be associated with electromagnetic counterparts remains highly debated. Here, we present radio follow-up observations of GW170608, a BBH merger that occurred during the second observing run (O2) of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our radio follow-up focused on a specific field contained in the GW170608 sky localization area, where a candidate high-energy transient was detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). We make use of data collected at 1.4 GHz with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), as well as with the VLA Low-band Ionosphere and Transient Experiment (VLITE). Our analysis is sensitive to potential radio afterglows with luminosity densities L
1.4GHz ≳ 6 × 1028 erg s−1 Hz−1. In the most optimistic theoretical models, ≈20% of BBH events occurring in massive hosts could be associated with outflows as radio luminous as this. Although we find no evidence for the presence of a radio counterpart associated with the LAT candidate in the GW170608 error region, our analysis demonstrates the feasibility of future radio follow-up observations of well-localized BBHs. Comparing our radio upper limits with theoretical expectations for the radio afterglows potentially associated with jets launched in BBH mergers, we find that for jets of energy ≈1049 erg seen on-axis, only jet angles θ
jet ≳ 40° are compatible with the observations.
Exploring the Mid-infrared SEDs of Six AGN Dusty Torus Models. I. Synthetic Spectra
Authors: González-Martín Omaira , Masegosa Josefa , García-Bernete Ismael , Ramos Almeida Cristina , Rodríguez-Espinosa José Miguel , Márquez Isabel , Esparza-Arredondo Donaji , Osorio-Clavijo Natalia , Martínez-Paredes Mariela , Victoria-Ceballos César , Pasetto Alice , Dultzin Deborah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At distances from the active galaxy nucleus where the ambient temperature falls below ∼1500–1800 K, dust is able to survive. It is thus possible to have a large dusty structure present that surrounds the active galaxy nucleus. This is the first of two papers aiming at comparing six dusty torus models with available spectral energy distributions, namely, Fritz et al., Nenkova et al., Hönig & Kishimoto, Siebenmorgen et al., Stalevski et al., and Hönig & Kishimoto. In this first paper we use synthetic spectra to explore the discrimination between these models and under which circumstances they allow us to restrict the torus parameters, while our second paper analyzes the best model to describe the mid-infrared spectroscopic data. We have produced synthetic spectra from current instruments GTC/CanariCam and Spitzer/IRS and future James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/MIRI and JWST/NIRSpec instruments. We find that for a reasonable brightness (F
12 μm > 100 mJy) we can actually distinguish among models except for the two pairs of parent models. We show that these models can be distinguished based on the continuum slopes and the strength of the silicate features. Moreover, their parameters can be constrained within 15% of error, irrespective of the instrument used, for all the models except Hönig & Kishimoto. However, the parameter estimates are ruined when more than 50% of circumnuclear contributors are included. Therefore, future high spatial resolution spectra such as those expected from JWST will provide enough coverage and spatial resolution to tackle this topic.
Biodiversity Data Management: Regional challenges
Authors: Monda Lawrence 
Published: October 2019

With over 8 million specimens of cultural and natural heritage in its custody, the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) are designated as the country’s national repository. Reference collections are at the heart of the institutions' functions of preserving, studying, documenting and presenting past and present heritage for the purpose of enhancing knowledge, appreciation, respect and sustainable utilization of resources, nationally and globally.
In spite of its immense resource base and many success stories as a regional hub in heritage research, NMK acknowledges the limitations imposed by hitherto largely ‘analogue’ collections. For instance, a large percentage of the collections are yet to be digitised and therefore, information about them is not easily accessible to users outside the immediate research fraternity. This by extension means that more often than not, the investment made towards accumulation and management of data hardly ever finds its way beyond the storage cabinets and into the decision/policy making process. This obviously impedes NMK’s and the country’s contribution to the important global search for solutions to challenges in climate change and adaptation, human health, as well as food security.
In a number of pertinent Needs Assessments (NA) undertaken in the last decade, inadequate capacity for digitisation was identified as the single greatest impediment to heritage information transfer within NMK, Kenya and the vast East African region. This capacity relates to scarcity of both trained human resources, infrastructure such as computing/digitisation equipment, and clear and simple policy guidelines in relation to biodiversity data management and use. In a nutshell, the need to not only embrace but understand innovative technologies and communication tools has been identified as being critical to addressing issues of unrealized research potential and boosting relevance to societal needs.
Nevertheless, there has been a concerted effort through various entities such as the project funded by the JRS Biodiversity Foundation on the development of Kenya’s Biodiversity Atlas; an open access platform for hosting and supporting biodiversity data, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) through the Biodiversity Information for Development (BID) programme with the aim of increasing the amount of biodiversity data available about a country so as to respond to national priorities and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development’s (IGAD) Biodiversity Management Programme (BMP), whose main objective was to establish biodiversity databases, build technical capacity and digitise biodiversity collections so as to generate a map of biodiversity and other key information products for the IGAD Region.
Strain-Dependent Contribution of MAVS to Spontaneous Germinal Center Responses
Authors: Schell Stephanie L , Chodisetti Sathi Babu , Fike Adam J , Choi Nicholas M , Bricker Kristen N , Rahman Ziaur S M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are essential for the production of somatically hypermutated, class-switched Abs that are protective against infection, but they also form in the absence of purposeful immunization or infection, and are termed spontaneous GCs (Spt-GCs). Although Spt-GCs can arise in nonautoimmune-prone mice, aberrant regulation of Spt-GCs in autoimmune-prone mice is strongly associated with the development of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. The formation of Spt-GCs is crucially driven by TLR7-mediated RNA sensing. However, the impact of MAVS-dependent, Rig-like receptor–mediated RNA sensing on the Spt-GC response remains unknown. In this study, we assessed the Spt-GC response and splenic B cell development in two MAVS-deficient mice with distinct genetic backgrounds. Importantly, we found that MAVS differentially controls Spt-GC responses and B cell development, depending on genetic background. B6/129 mixed background MAVSKO mice had nearly absent Spt-GC responses in the spleen and cervical lymph nodes, which were associated with impaired splenic B cell development, in addition to impaired B cell activation and TLR7 expression. Interestingly, treatment of mice with TLR7 agonist could partially rescue GC responses by overcoming follicular B cell activation deficits. Contrastingly, the absence of MAVS on a B6 background resulted in normal B cell development and Spt-GC formation. Our results highlight important differences in the contribution of MAVS to B cell development and Spt-GC function, depending on the genetic background, warranting greater regard for the impact of genetic background in further studies using these mice for the study of autoimmunity.
Bayesian Analysis of the Relationship Between Belief Conflict and Occupational Dysfunction
Authors: Kyougoku Makoto , Teraoka Mutsumi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Importance: Elucidation of the relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction in occupational health is needed. Knowledge of this relationship is important to the development of preventive occupational therapy.
Objective: To examine the relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.
Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited via nonrandom sampling, and data were analyzed with Bayesian modeling.
Setting: Health care institutions in Japan.
Participants: Participants were 890 health care workers.
Outcomes and Measures: Data were collected by means of the Participant Profile, the Assessment of Belief Conflict in Relationship–14 (ABCR–14), and the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction.
Results: Belief conflict and occupational dysfunction showed moderate to strong positive correlations. The cutoff value for the ABCR–14 was estimated to be 58 points. The odds ratio indicated that groups with high belief conflict were very likely to experience occupational dysfunction.
Conclusions and Relevance: These findings show that belief conflict and occupational dysfunction are more than moderately associated. Longitudinal studies are needed to prove the causal relationship between belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.
What This Article Adds: Considering that those falling into the high-belief-conflict group are likely to experience occupational dysfunction, it is necessary to focus efforts not only on teamwork but also on the improvement of health. Preventive occupational therapy needs to assume a leading role in improving the occupational health of health care workers who experience belief conflict and occupational dysfunction.
Cultural Adaptation of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile for Spain
Authors: Gándara-Gafo Berta , Riego Sergio Santos-del , Viana-Moldes Inés , Muñiz Javier 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Importance: In Spain, culturally adapted tools are needed to assess sensory processing in adolescents and adults.
Objective: To adapt the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile (AASP) so that it is culturally appropriate for use in Spain.
Design: Following standard procedures for cultural adaptation, we completed direct and back translation, conducted cognitive interviews, and examined test–retest reliability.
Participants: Cognitive interviews were conducted with 18 participants ages 11–13 yr. Test–retest reliability was calculated with different samples of 30 participants who were Spanish speaking only and 30 who were Spanish and English speaking.
Results: The cognitive interviews revealed no serious difficulties in comprehension. The linguistic expert made necessary adjustments, and test–retest reliability of items showed low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs; i.e., &lt;.50) for two items in the monolingual group and five items in the bilingual group. These items were reviewed and revised by the linguistic expert, and subsequent test–retest reliability showed only one item with an ICC of &lt;.50.
Conclusions and Relevance: The cultural adaptation of the AASP for Spain is conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original version and provides a culturally sensitive measure of sensory processing for adolescent and adult Spanish populations.
What This Article Adds: The cultural adaptation of assessment tools is an essential part of occupational therapy clinical intervention. We describe the cultural adaptation to Spain of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile.
Planar Silicene: A New Silicon Allotrope Epitaxially Grown by Segregation
Authors: Stpniak‐Dybala Agnieszka , Dyniec Paweł , Kopciuszyski Marek , Zdyb Ryszard , Jałochowski Mieczysław , Krawiec Mariusz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract2D sheets of graphene‐like silicon, namely planar silicene, are synthesized. This new silicon allotrope is prepared on Au(111) thin films grown on a Si(111) substrate in the process of surface segregation. Owing to its almost perfectly flat geometry it shares the atomic structure with graphene rather than with low‐buckled silicene. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements clearly display an atomically resolved planar silicene honeycomb lattice. Ab initio density functional theory calculations fully support the experimental findings and predict a pure sp2 atomic configuration of Si atoms. The present work is the first experimental evidence of epitaxial planar silicene.
Reaction of Cycloalkene‐1‐carboxamides with Aryl Boronates via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation: A Versatile Route to 3,4‐Cycloalkaquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Zhu You‐Quan , Hui Li‐Wen , Niu Yun‐Xia , Lv Lin‐Ge , Zhu Kun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnder rhodium(III) catalysis, substituted N‐methoxycycloalkene‐1‐carboxamides successfully reacted with aryl boronic acid pinacol esters to provide 3,4‐cycloalkaquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones via direct functionalization of the β‐alkenyl C−H bond and form C−C/C−N bond in one pot. The gram‐scale synthesis of the title compound demonstrated the great synthetic utility of this methodology.magnified image
Atomic‐Local Environments of Single‐Atom Catalysts: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Activity
Authors: Lai Wei‐Hong , Miao Zongcheng , Wang Yun‐Xiao , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) hold great promise for maximizing atomic efficiency of supported metals via the ultimate utilization of every single atom. The foreign isolated substitutions anchored on different supports build varieties of local structural centers, changing the physical and chemical properties. Thus, distinct atomic local environments for single‐atom catalysts are essential for determining superior catalytic performance for a wide variety of chemical reactions. The examples of synthesizing single atoms on various supports presented here deepen the understanding of the different structural and electronic properties of SACs, in which the metal single atom does not bind with any other atoms of this metal, but substantially interacts with the support ions. Due to the strong support effects, the ubiquitous aggregation of metal single atoms can be addressed, achieving highly stable SACs. This review discusses recent progress in theoretical electronic effects between atomic dopants and supports, which reveal the electronic structures of various SACs and offers guidance for rational prediction and design of highly stable and reactive SACs. It is argued that tuning this interaction by the selection of the supports toward favorable atomic and electronic structures on the surface should be taken into consideration for the development of more efficient SACs.
Output feedback stabilization of cascaded ODE‐Wave equations with time delay in observation
Authors: Than Aye Aye , Wang Jun‐Min 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we are concerned with the stabilization of a cascaded ODE‐wave system subject to boundary observation with time delay. Well‐posedness of the open‐loop system is observable to show first. Both observer and predictor systems are designed to estimate the state variable on the time interval [0,t−τ] when the observation is available, and to predict the state variable on the time interval [t−τ,t] when the observation is not available respectively. Next, we transform the original system to the well‐posed and exponentially stable system by the backstepping method. Based on the estimated state variable and the output feedback stabilizing controller using the backstepping method. It is shown that the closed‐loop system is exponentially stable. The numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the effect of the stabilizing controller.
Node‐to‐node consensus of multi‐agent networks with event‐triggered control and packet losses
Authors: Li Ling , Hu Aihua , Gao Haiyun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper studies the node‐to‐node consensus problem for multi‐agent networks possessing a leaders' layer and a followers' layer via the pinning control. In order to realize the consensus and reduce the update frequency of the controller, a suitable event‐triggered mechanism is introduced into the control strategy. Furthermore, the phenomenon of packet loss is considered in the designed controller. Based on the M‐matrix theory and Lyapunov stability theory, this paper presents the sufficient conditions for the node‐to‐node consensus of networks. Meanwhile, it is proved that the Zeno behaviour is excluded. Finally, two numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Facile preparation of high fluorescent carbon quantum dots from orange waste peels for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Surendran Pandiyan , Lakshmanan Arumugam , Vinitha Gandhirajan , Ramalingam Gopal , Rameshkumar Pitchan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA facile and eco‐friendly hydrothermal method was used to prepare carbon quantum dots (CQDs) using orange waste peels. The synthesized CQDs were well dispersed and the average diameter was 2.9 ± 0.5 nm. Functional group identification of the CQDs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum analysis. Fluorescence properties of the synthesized CQDs exhibited blue emission. The fluorescence quantum yield of the CQDs was around 11.37% at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The higher order nonlinear optical properties were examined using a Z‐scan technique and a continuous wave laser that was operated at a wavelength of 532 nm. Results demonstrated that the synthesis of CQDs can be considered as promising for optical switching devices, bio‐scanning, and bio‐imaging for optoelectronic applications.
Excision of both pretreatment marked positive nodes and sentinel nodes improves axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer
Authors: Simons J M , van Pelt M L M A , Marinelli A W K S , Straver M E , Zeillemaker A M , Pereira Arias-Bouda L M , van Nijnatten T J A , Koppert L B , Hunt K K , Smidt M L , Luiten E J T , van der Pol C C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Marking the axilla with radioactive iodine seed and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have been proposed for axillary staging after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in clinically node-positive breast cancer. This study evaluated the identification rate and detection of residual disease with combined excision of pretreatment-positive marked lymph nodes (MLNs) together with SLNs.

Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant systemic therapy and the combination procedure (with or without axillary lymph node dissection). The identification rate and detection of axillary residual disease were calculated for the combination procedure, and for MLNs and SLNs separately.

Results
At least one MLN and/or SLN(s) were identified by the combination procedure in 138 of 139 patients (identification rate 99·3 per cent). The identification rate was 92·8 per cent for MLNs alone and 87·8 per cent for SLNs alone. In 88 of 139 patients (63·3 per cent) residual axillary disease was detected by the combination procedure. Residual disease was shown only in the MLN in 20 of 88 patients (23 per cent) and only in the SLN in ten of 88 (11 per cent), whereas both the MLN and SLN contained residual disease in the remainder (58 of 88, 66 per cent).

Conclusion
Excision of the pretreatment-positive MLN together with SLNs after neoadjuvant systemic therapy in patients with clinically node-positive disease resulted in a higher identification rate and improved detection of residual axillary disease.
Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO2/Bi2WO6 Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Cheng , Tian Wei , Xu Weiwei , Cao Fengren , Li Liang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDesigning photoanode materials with desirable architecture and band alignment is essential for boosting photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Herein, a trilayer CdS/TiO2/Bi2WO6 guest‐host photoanode is designed and fabricated, in which highly‐porous Bi2WO6 nanoflake array serves as the host skeleton, while CdS nanoparticles function as superb visible light absorber. An ultrathin TiO2 interlayer is rationally inserted between Bi2WO6 and CdS, which not only assists the uniform growth of CdS, but also serves as a band‐matching semiconductor to promote the charge transport. By optimizing the thickness of TiO2 layer, the resulting trilayer photoanode exhibits higher PEC performance (2.62/4.91 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode without/with the presence of hole scavenger) under AM 1.5G illumination compared with pristine CdS film. The enhancement of PEC performance is attributed to the enlarged surface area and superior light harvesting ability of the 3D nanoflake nanostructure, and improved charge transport efficiency resulting from the cascaded energy level structure.
Area‐Step Cyclic Voltammetry for Assessing Local Electrocatalytic Activity of Gradient Materials
Authors: Liu Jing‐Jing , Yang Xiao‐Fan , Li Fang , Yang Zhenzhen , Xie Jianhui , Li Yulin , He Jian‐Bo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis work presents a voltammetric method for measuring the electrocatalytic activity of gradient materials as a function of position across the material surface. The Ni−Cu−Fe gradient alloys are deposited on nickel substrates by bipolar electrochemistry and tested as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We attempt “area‐step” cyclic voltammetry to continuously measure the local electrocatalytic activity of the gradient alloys, by serially increasing the contact area between the electrolyte and the gradient surface. The local surface roughness can also be characterized using the same procedure. The parallel experiments consistently point to the same position where presents the highest intrinsic OER activity. Both the Fe content in the alloys and the surface roughness play important roles in the OER.