bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coherent structures and spectral shapes of kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence in solar wind at 1 AU
Authors: Singh Hemam Dinesh , Jatav Bheem Singh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the generation of kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) coherent structures of magnetic filaments applicable to solar wind at 1AU, when the background plasma density is modified by parallel ponderomotive force and Joule heating. The inhomogeneity in the magnetic field, which was included as a perturbation in the transverse direction of the magnetic field, takes energy from the main pump KAWs and generates the filamentary structures.When the intensity is high enough, the filaments are broken down and the energy initially confined to low wavenumbers is redistributed to higher wavenumbers, leading to cascades of energy at small scales less than the ion acoustic gyroradius or comparable to electron gyroradius. The magnetic field spectral profile is generated from the numerical simulation results, and its dependence on different directions of the wavevector and initial conditions of the simulation representing the transverse magnetic field inhomogeneity is studied. The relevance of these results with other spacecraft observations and measurements is also pointed out.
Photometric investigation of the eclipsing binary TX Herculis observed by LUT
Authors: Zhu Li-Ying , Tian Xiao-Man , Zhou Xiao , Li Lin-Jia , Wang Zhi-Hua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The lander of China’s Chang’E-3 spacecraft is equippedwith a 15-cmtelescope that is very useful for monitoring celestial objects in the ultraviolet (UV) band (245–340 nm). The Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) is the first long-term lunar-based astronomical observatory, that can make uninterrupted observations of a target from the Moon. Here we present the continuous complete UV light curve of the eclipsing binary TX Herculis (TX Her). The analysis of the light curve suggests that TX Her is a detached binary. The dip in the light curve was explained by the emergence of a stellar dark spot on the less massive F0 type component. The cyclic change of arrival eclipse times for the system reveals that it contains an additional stellar companion with a minimal mass of 0.35 M
⊙ and a period of 48.92 yr, which is supported by the detected light contribution of the third body from light curve analysis. This third body may play an important role in the formation of the present short-period system TX Her.
Photomorphogenesis for robot self-assembly: adaptivity, collective decision-making, and self-repair
Authors: Divband Soorati Mohammad , Heinrich Mary Katherine , Ghofrani Javad , Zahadat Payam , Hamann Heiko 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Self-assembly in biology is an inspiration for engineered large-scale multi-modular systems with desirable characteristics, such as robustness, scalability, and adaptivity. Previous works have shown that simple mobile robots can be used to emulate and study self-assembly behaviors. However, many of these studies were restricted to rather static and inflexible aggregations in predefined shapes, and were limited in adaptivity compared to that observed in nature. We propose a photomorphogenesis approach for robots using our vascular morphogenesis model—a light-stimuli directed method for multi-robot self-assembly inspired by the tissue growth of trees. Robots in the role of ‘leaves’ collect a virtual resource that is proportional to a real, sensed environmental feature. This is then used to build a virtual underlying network that shares a common resource throughout the whole robot aggregate and determines where it grows or shrinks as a reaction to the dynamic environment. In our approach the robots use supplemental bioinspired models to collectively select a leading robot to decide who starts to self-assemble (and where), or to assemble static aggregations. The robots then use our vascular morphogenesis model to aggregate in a directed way preferring bright areas, hence resembling natural phototropism (growth towards light). Our main result is that the assembled robots are adaptive and able to react to dynamic environments by collectively and autonomously rearranging the aggregate, discarding outdated parts, and growing new ones. In representative experiments, the self-assembling robots collectively make rational decisions on where to grow. Cutting off parts of the aggregate triggers a self-organizing repair process in the robots, and the parts regrow. All these capabilities of adaptivity, collective decision-making, and self-repair in our robot self-assembly originate directly from self-organized behavior of the vascular morphogenesis model. Our approach opens up opportunities for self-assembly with reconfiguration on short time-scales with high adaptivity of dynamic forms and structures.
Quantifying human contributions to past and future ocean warming and thermosteric sea level rise
Authors: Tokarska Katarzyna B , Hegerl Gabriele C , Schurer Andrew P , Ribes Aurélien , Fasullo John T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
More than 90% of the Earth’s energy imbalance is stored by the ocean. While previous studies have shown that changes in the ocean warming are detectable and distinct from internal variability of the climate system, an estimate of separate contributions by natural and individual anthropogenic forcings (such as greenhouse gases and aerosols) remains outstanding. Here we investigate anthropogenic and greenhouse-gas contributions to past ocean warming, and estimate their contributions to future sea level rise by the year 2100. By applying detection and attribution framework (regularized optimal fingerprinting), we show that ocean warming in the historical period is detectable and attributable to contributions from the aggregate anthropogenic forcing as well as greenhouse gas forcing alone. We also discuss the role of natural forcing on the ocean volume-averaged temperature and examine the impact of volcanic activity from the three main volcanoes occurring in the historical period 1955–2012. Our results suggest that estimated anthropogenic and greenhouse-gas contributions to ocean warming are consistent with observations, and observationally-constrained future thermosteric sea level rise projections support the central and lower part of the multi-model mean projection range distribution.
A Decentralized Strategy for Frequency-based Load as Regulation
Authors: Li Yaping , Huang Mingyu , Mao Wenbo , Yin Liang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In order to keep frequency stable after UHV DC block fault, demand side resources are needed. Among these, frequency-based load can automatically monitor the frequency change without affecting the user’s power consumption experience and can quickly adjust the operating parameters to reduce its own power consumption. Thus, frequency-based load can play a role similar to the primary frequency regulation. In this paper, several physical models of typical frequency-based loads were established and the frequency regulation characteristics are analyzed. Based on this, a decentralized strategy of frequency-based load was proposed. The simulation results show that the grouping decentralized strategy can effectively avoid the “over-control” or “under-control” phenomenon, which helps to quickly maintain the power balance and frequency stability of the grid.
DeepSVM-fold: protein fold recognition by combining support vector machines and pairwise sequence similarity scores generated by deep learning networks
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Chen-Chen , Yan Ke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein fold recognition is critical for studying the structures and functions of proteins. The existing protein fold recognition approaches failed to efficiently calculate the pairwise sequence similarity scores of the proteins in the same fold sharing low sequence similarities. Furthermore, the existing feature vectorization strategies are not able to measure the global relationships among proteins from different protein folds. In this article, we proposed a new computational predictor called DeepSVM-fold for protein fold recognition by introducing a new feature vector based on the pairwise sequence similarity scores calculated from the fold-specific features extracted by deep learning networks. The feature vectors are then fed into a support vector machine to construct the predictor. Experimental results on the benchmark dataset (LE) show that DeepSVM-fold obviously outperforms all the other competing methods.
Colonization time on island settings: lessons from the Hawaiian and Canary Island floras
Authors: García-Verdugo C , Caujapé-Castells J , Sanmartín I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Molecular dating offers a tool for inferring the time of divergence between two lineages. In this study, we discuss how dated molecular reconstructions are informative of two different, albeit often intermingled, time estimates with regard to a fundamental process in island biogeography: the time of island colonization (TIC). We illustrate how stem age estimates provide information on the divergence between the extant island lineage and their closest relatives (i.e. the onset of lineage differentiation). Such estimates, however, are typically poor TIC predictors, as they are strongly affected by spatial and temporal uncertainty, particularly in cases of deep stem ages. Crown ages of endemic island lineages, in contrast, provide information on the temporal onset of island in situ diversification, and may represent a better proxy for TIC when the associated uncertainty is taken into account. Thus, the geographic and temporal distance separating the island and mainland lineages in phylogenetic/phylogeographic reconstructions are key factors for determining the reliability of these two estimates as proxies of TIC. We show how divergence times can be used to investigate the biogeographic patterns of two well-studied oceanic archipelagos: Hawaii and the Canary Islands. A compilation of molecular age estimates for nearly one-third of the endemic plant lineages in each archipelago reveals that Canarian plant lineages exhibit significantly younger mean crown ages (2.1 ± 2.4 Myr) than Hawaiian lineages (3.5 ± 2.9 Myr), despite island substrates being much older in the Canarian archipelago. We postulate that this pattern suggests: (1) a more important role of submerged islands during plant colonization in Hawaii, and (2) higher taxon turnover in the Canaries, mediated by relatively young (Mediterranean) lineages, and probably facilitated by the combination of the high incidence of extinction for the last 5 Myr and the close proximity of mainland source areas as compared to Hawaii.
Multilocus approach reveals a complex evolutionary history of the invasive mile-a-minute plant, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), in its natural habitat
Authors: De Godoy Sara Mataroli , Da Silva João Fernando Marques , Ruas Paulo Maurício , Ritter Mara Rejane , De Paula Gabriela Barbosa Navarro , Maffei Eliane Mariza Dortas , Góes Bruna Delgado , De Fátima Ruas Claudete 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMikania micrantha is native to Central and South America and exhibits morphological and cytological polymorphism, and evidence of a non-monophyletic origin. In Brazil, the species is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in the world. AFLP, ITS, ETS and rps16 markers were employed to estimate the genetic diversity and the existence of independent evolutionary lineages in the species, and chromosomes were counted to determine ploidy of 11 populations of M. micrantha. Molecular markers showed relatively high genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure, and chromosome counts revealed pure diploid and tetraploid populations and mixed-cytotype populations in M. micrantha. There was no significant genetic difference between cytotypes, suggesting an autopolyploid origin for tetraploids. However, analyses of species delimitation showed that two highly divergent genetic clusters, constituted of samples from different populations, consisted of two independent evolutionary lineages, demonstrating putative cryptic species in M. micrantha. Our data highlight the need for more genetic studies in M. micrantha to ensure effective conservation actions in its natural area of occurrence and the correct management of the species in introduced areas, where it causes severe damage to forests and plantations.
Application of carbon nanotubes prepared from CH4/CO2 over Ni/MgO catalysts in CO2 capture using a BEA–AMP bi-solvent blend
Authors: Natewong Paweesuda , Prasongthum Natthawan , Reubroycharoena Prasert , Idem Raphael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by the chemical vapour deposition of methane and carbon dioxide over a Ni/MgO catalyst. The synthesized CNTs were then mixed with K/MgO catalyst at different ratios and used as the catalyst for CO2 absorption in butylethanolamine-2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol bi-solvent blend. The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, butylethanolamine, thermal gravimetric analysis and temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide in order to determine the characteristics responsible for good CO2-absorption performance. The results showed that, with the addition of a catalyst into the amine solution, the amine reached equilibrium CO2 loading faster than without a catalyst. Also, the increase in the CNT content of the KMgO/CNTs catalyst made the CO2 absorption reach equilibrium much more quickly compared with just KMgO alone and without a catalyst. The KMgO/CNTs at a ratio of 1:4 yielded the fastest time to reach CO2-loading equilibrium at 240 min, which was mainly due to the increase in strong basic sites as well as the highest total basic sites with an increase in CNT content. In addition, because of the extremely large specific surface area and pore volume generated due to the CNT, the number of exposed active centres per unit mass increased tremendously, leading to a corresponding tremendous increase in CO2 absorption.
Study on critical technologies and development routes of coal-based hydrogen energy
Authors: Liu Zhen , Li Ye 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hydrogen is considered a secondary source of energy, commonly referred to as an energy carrier. It has the highest energy content when compared to other common fuels by weight, having great potential for further development. Hydrogen can be produced from various domestic resources but, based on the fossil resource conditions in China, coal-based hydrogen energy is considered to be the most valuable, because it is not only an effective way to develop clean energy, but also a proactive exploration of the clean usage of traditional coal resources. In this article, the sorption-enhanced water–gas shift technology in the coal-to-hydrogen section and the hydrogen-storage and transport technology with liquid aromatics are introduced and basic mechanisms, technical advantages, latest progress and future R&D focuses of hydrogen-production and storage processes are listed and discussed. As a conclusion, after considering the development frame and the business characteristics of CHN Energy Group, a conceptual architecture for developing coal-based hydrogen energy and the corresponding supply chain, is proposed.
Blackwater Fever in Ugandan Children With Severe Anemia is Associated With Poor Postdischarge Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Opoka Robert O , Waiswa Ali , Harriet Nambuya , John Chandy C , Tumwine James K , Karamagi Charles 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Blackwater fever (BWF), one of the complications of severe malaria, has recently re-emerged as a cause of severe anemia (SA) in African children. However, postdischarge morbidity in children with BWF has previously not been described.

Methods
This was a descriptive cohort study in which children, aged 0–5 years, admitted to Jinja Regional Referral Hospital with acute episodes of SA (hemoglobin ≤5.0 g/dL) were followed up for 6 months after hospitalization. Incidence of readmissions or deaths during the follow-up period was compared between SA children with BWF and those without BWF.

Results
A total of 279 children with SA including those with BWF (n = 92) and no BWF (n = 187) were followed for the duration of the study. Overall, 128 (45.9%) of the study participants were readmitted at least once while 22 (7.9%) died during the follow-up period. After adjusting for age, sex, nutritional status, and parasitemia, SA children with BWF had higher risk of readmissions (hazard ratio [HR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–2.5) and a greater risk of death (HR. 3.37; 95% CI, 1.3–8.5) compared with those without BWF. Malaria and recurrence of SA were the most common reasons for readmissions.

Conclusions
There is a high rate of readmissions and deaths in the immediate 6 months after initial hospitalization among SA children in the Jinja hospital. SA children with BWF had increased risk of readmissions and deaths in the postdischarge period. Postdischarge malaria chemoprophylaxis should be considered for SA children living in malaria endemic areas.
BLP-2LASSO for aggregate discrete choice models with rich covariates
Authors: Gillen Benjamin J , Montero Sergio , Moon Hyungsik Roger , Shum Matthew 
Published: July 2019

Summary
We introduce the BLP-2LASSO model, which augments the classic BLP (Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes, 1995) random-coefficients logit model to allow for data-driven selection among a high-dimensional set of control variables using the 'double-LASSO' procedure proposed by Belloni, Chernozhukov, and Hansen (2013). Economists often study consumers’ aggregate behaviour across markets choosing from a menu of differentiated products. In this analysis, local demographic characteristics can serve as controls for market-specific preference heterogeneity. Given rich demographic data, implementing these models requires specifying which variables to include in the analysis, an ad hoc process typically guided primarily by a researcher’s intuition. We propose a data-driven approach to estimate these models, applying penalized estimation algorithms from the recent literature in high-dimensional econometrics. Our application explores the effect of campaign spending on vote shares in data from Mexican elections.
Dietary butyrate suppresses inflammation through modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice
Authors: Zhai Shixiang , Qin Song , Li Lili , Zhu Limeng , Zou Zhiqiang , Wang Li 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Butyrate, a key metabolite fermented by gut microbiota mainly from undigested carbohydrates such as dietary fibers is widely used as feed additive. However, mechanisms of its contributions in maintaining host health are relatively poorly revealed. The aim of this study was to investigate how butyrate impacts gut microbiota and immunity response in high-fat diet-fed mice. Gut microbial analysis exhibited that butyrate intervention increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria and decreased pathogenic bacteria, such as endotoxin-secreting bacteria. Our result also demonstrated that butyrate intervention enhanced fecal SCFAs concentrations, and inhibited endotoxin levels in feces and serum. Correlation analysis indicated positive relation between endotoxin level and Desulfovibrionaceae abundance. Furthermore, butyrate intervention inhibited expressions of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP1/CCL2 in liver, as well as TLR4 in adipose tissue. Apart from inhibiting expressions of proinflammatory cytokines, butyrate exerted anti-inflammation effect through selectively modulating gut microbiota, such as increasing SCFAs-producing bacteria and decreasing endotoxin-secreting bacteria, as well as via regulating levels of microbiota-dependent metabolites and components, such as SCFAs and endotoxin.
Female Prisoners in Spain: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Negative Emotional States, and Social Support
Authors: Caravaca-Sánchez Francisco , Fearn Noelle E , Vidovic Kristina R , Vaughn Michael G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A growing body of literature on correctional populations from the past two decades indicates that a significant proportion of prison inmates report experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) during childhood. Extant literature also suggests that women suffer disproportionate victimization at all life stages. The current study examines the prevalence and magnitude of the associations between ACEs, social support, and negative emotional states (that is, anxiety, depression, and stress) among a sample of incarcerated women—a small but growing correctional population. Data were obtained from a survey of women incarcerated in two prisons in Spain (N = 174); survey questions elicited information on these women’s emotional, physical, and sexual victimization during childhood in addition to their self-reported levels of social support and mental health. A series of analyses indicated that female inmates who reported ACEs similarly reported lower levels of social support and higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress as compared with nonvictimized women inmates. The findings reported here underscore the importance of attaining a fuller understanding of female inmates’ histories of ACEs so that we can more accurately identify and, ideally, provide necessary services to those women at highest risk of mental health–related problems during incarceration.