bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the burden of people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Kerala state, India
Authors: Sathian Brijesh , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Asim Mohammad , Menezes Ritesh G , Teijlingen Edwin Van , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran 
Published: April 2019

Background: Worldwide, 36.7 million people were infected with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by the end of 2015. Over the period 2007 to 2015, there was a declining trend in the prevalence of adult Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the state of Kerala, India. The current study aims to find a suitable statistical modelling technique for the distribution of HIV incubation time and predict the cumulative number of AIDS cases.
Materials and Methods: The requisite data were obtained from the Kerala State AIDS Control Society (KSACS) for the years 2007 to 2015. To assess the distribution of HIV incubation time, the data of 22 HIV-infected Keralite patients were retrieved from the medical records of a teaching hospital. Data included age, gender, and incubation time. The back-calculation method was utilized to predict the cumulative HIV/AIDS cases.
Results: The estimated total cumulative AIDS cases in Kerala for the years 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were found to be 35,777, 48,944, 62,039, 45,669, 45,668, and 43,605, 42,377, 39,362, 37,617, 39,583, 25,414 respectively using back-calculation method with Weibull (2) incubation time distribution. The mean incubation time of the total HIV cases (male and female) was 4.4 years which indicates a rapid progression of the disease in the state of Kerala.
Conclusion: The back-calculation method is a powerful tool to estimate the cumulative frequency of AIDS cases; which predicted a declining HIV trend among Keralites. Moreover, the Weibull distribution is the best fitted distribution for HIV incubation time in our population.
Outbreak of Leptospirosis in Kerala
Authors: James Sruthi , Sathian Brijesh , Teijlingen Edwin Van , Asim Mohammad 
Published: April 2019

In South Asia, the monsoon brings life to vegetation, but at the same time has potential to cause public health problems. Notably, the climate change due to global warming is affecting the extent of monsoon rainfall in the region causing flooding which increases the risks of major disease outbreaks. Flooding and standing water after heavy rainfall increases the risk of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, malaria, plague, chikungunya, typhoid, cholera and Leptospirosis.
Worldwide, Leptospirosis is one of the most common and emerging zoonoses, except on the North and South Poles. Rat fever or leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by the spiral-shaped bacteria (spirochete) of the genus Leptospira. This infection is mainly seen in wild and even domesticated species of rodents. It is mainly transmitted to humans by exposure of the mucous membranes (oral, nasal & eye) and skin abrasions or cuts to the urine or tissues of infected rodents or soil contaminated by their urine. Rats are the primary reservoir of leptospirosis, although farm animals and livestock, such as horses, pigs, dogs or cattle, and even wild animals can also be a reservoir for the bacteria. However, human-to-human transmission seems to occur occasionally. It is also an occupational hazard with potential risk of exposure among outdoors workers such as farmers, cleaners, veterinarians, agricultural workers. Moreover, there exists an increased chance of a recreational hazard to those who swims and wades in contaminated waters .
Knee Osteoarthritis Revisited; But Only After KL Grading Is Tested: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kuttan Victoria David , Anap Deepak , Kachewar Sushil 
Published: April 2019

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is one of the major causes in musculoskeletal condition leading to functional loss in patients. Determining the progression of the disease is a useful tool which will help in the planning of the exercise programme to slow or halt the disease progression. Measuring the joint space width of the tibiofemoral joint is one of the best options for knowing the disease progression and helps in designing an exercise programme. Aim: Retrospective measurement of joint space width in patients with bilateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Methodology: Data was retrieved from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) from 1st of February to 22nd of June 2018. Radiographs that were showing OA knee features by using Kellegren Lawrence (KL) grading system were considered and the joint space between the tibial and femoral compartment was measured. Result: The joint space width showed more reduction in the medial compartment of the joint as compared to the lateral compartment. Conclusion: In the rural population of Maharashtra the medial joint space is markedly decreased as compared to the lateral compartment of the tibiofemoral joint and as the KL grade increases the joint space width decreased.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis; Knee; Joint space width; Rural Maharashtra.
A study of the Oxidative stress and Antioxidant status in diabetic subjects who are on treatment with Metformin
Authors: Koshy Manju , Jeeji Palocaren , S Sethupathy 
Published: April 2019

Background: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DM and its complications. However, antioxidant status and its contribution to type 2 DM are less explored in South Indian population. Metformin, is a biguanide anti hyperglycemic agent used for the management of type 2 diabetes. Aim:Â To study the alteration in oxidant and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic subjects on treatment with Metformin and to evaluate the effect of metformin in improving the total antioxidant status. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, all subjects were T2DM patients, on metformin monotherapy (500 mg, bd) and were grouped into two - Group 1 and Group 2 for the study purpose, based on their HbA1c values. Baseline parameters (B.P, Waist Hip ratio, BMI, family history), glycemic status, lipid profile, FRAP, TBARS and serum Metformin levels were assayed. Fasting and postprandial blood specimens were collected and plasma glucose concentrations were measured by standard methods. Fasting plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was measured by ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Oxidative stress was evaluated and measured as TBARS and the values were compared among the two groups. Results: TBARS levels were higher and FRAP levels were significantly lower in Group I subjects compared to Group II subjects and can be explained due to increased superoxide ions and reduced activity of S. O. D. Conclusion: It may be concluded that total antioxidant status is lower in type 2 diabetic subjects of Group 1 category compared to diabetic subjects in the Group 2 and it may be related to the beneficial effects of the biguanide, Metformin.
Biomarkers to Assess Liver Function in Various Types of Liver Diseases
Authors: G Pradeep , B Vikram , DVHS Sharma 
Published: April 2019

Background: It is estimated that liver diseases are among the top ten killer diseases in India, causing deaths every year. Besides, there are those who suffered from chronic liver problems needing recurrent hospitalization and prolonged medical attention, which leaves them physically, mentally, emotionally and financially devastated. Methodology: The study included (n=80) various liver disease patients admitted to the General Medicine department and controls (n=20) subjects were having normal health within the age group of 30-55 years. Serum levels of bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Amino Transferase, Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase parameters were studied among the subjects suffering from cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice type of liver diseases. Result: The results of this study showed that the increase in serum levels of Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT in various types of liver diseases i.e Obstructive jaundice, Cirrhosis of the liver, Viral hepatitis, Alcoholic Liver disease when compared with controls. Conclusion: Biochemistry laboratory investigations i.e. Liver Function Test (LFT) are a simple, easy measure of tools which can early diagnose the various types of liver diseases.
Keywords: Liver diseases; Liver Bio-markers; Liver Function Test.
Study of serum high sensitivity C- reactive protein and lipid profile in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Argade Dr. Sarika , Shendye Dr. Reshakiran J 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Stroke is the neurological deficit of abrupt onset attributable to focal vascular cause and makes a considerable contribution to morbidity and mortality. High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) is an acute-phase reactant tends to increase at the onset of inflammation. Atherosclerosis, a major risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases involves inflammation which is triggered by dyslipidaemia. Objective: To estimate and compare levels of serum hs-CRP and lipid profile in patients with ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. Methods: Present study comprised of 90 subjects, 30 ischemic stroke, 30 haemorrhagic stroke and 30 as apparently healthy control. Blood samples obtained within 24 hours of presentation were analysed for serum hsCRP and lipid profile. Results: In the present study Median age was 52 years, 52.5 years and 54 years in control, ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke respectively. Hs-CRP levels were raised in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke compared to normal control (F-value=96.78; p<0.0001). Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL- cholesterol levels were significantly raised while HDL- cholesterol levels were low in ischemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke than control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increased serum hs-CRP levels and dyslipidemia were observed in ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke. But serum hs-CRP cannot differentiate type of stroke.
Keywords: Ischemic stroke; Haemorrhagic stroke; hs-CRP; Lipid profile.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MODUL BILINGUAL BERGAMBAR BERBASIS KEWIRAUSAHAAN PADA ARITMETIK SOSIAL
Authors: Septyani Ratri , Salim Agus , Rakhmawati Rosida , Masykur Rubhan 
Published: April 2019

This article has intention to develop entrepreneurship-based bilingual media modules on the subject of social arithmetic. This research is classified as research and development that used the ADDIE development model. Data collection technique used validation questionnaire and feedback questionnaire. The data analysis technique of this research used descriptive quantitative to obtain score from validator and students’ feedback. While descriptive qualitative was applied to obtain and describe the data which contains of comment, suggestion and revision, improvement from the validator. Based on the results of the validation, it can be said that entrepreneurship-based bilingual module was eligible and worthy, while from the students’ response and feedback, it can be said that the product was interesting. In conclusion, the bilingual module media can be used and applicable as a mathematics teaching material on the subject of social arithmetic.

Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan media modul bilingual bergambar berbasis kewirausahaan pada pokok bahasan aritmatika social. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Tehnik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket validasi dan angket respon. Tehnik analisis data yang digunakan digunakan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu, deskriptif kuantitatif untuk mengolah data dalam bentuk skor dari penilaian oleh validator dan respon siswa, sedangkan deskriptif kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan data berupa komentar saran perbaikan dari validator. Berdasarkan hasil validasi terhadap pengembangan media modul bilingual bergambar berbasis kewirausahaan mendapatkan kriteria sangat layak dan berdasarkan angket respon mendapatkan kriteria sangat menarik. Berdasarkan hal ini dapat disimpulkan media modul bilingual yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan ajar matematika pada pokok bahasan aritmatika sosial.
CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING PADA ARITMATIKA SOSIAL
Authors: Taufik M. Anang , Mulyoto Mulyoto , Sunardi Sunardi , Suryani Nunuk 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to know and investigate the difference of students’ ability in doing social arithmetic and the implementation of contextual teaching and learning model in experimental class and students’ ability in doing social arithmetic that taught by applying tutor method in control class. This research is classified as a quasi-experimental design which is used pre and posttest control group design. The sample of this research was eight B grade students as experimental class and eight grade A students as a control class. This research took place at junior High School (SMP) Negeri 2 Gondang, Bojonegoro, East java. This research applied random sampling technique. The sum of subject of the research was about 56 students which consist of 28 students from control class and 28 students from experimental class. The result of the research shows that there is difference in implementation of two different learning models. The implementation of contextual teaching and learning model is better than tutor model. It can be proved from the mean score of posttest in experimental class. It was 75.89 while in control class was about 71.96. It can be said that there was significant difference about 3.93. It can be concluded that contextual teaching and learning (CLT) model can improve students’ ability in doing social arithmetic better than tutor model. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan siswa menyelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial dari implementasi model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learningdi kelas eksperimen dibandingkan dengan kemampuan siswa menyelesaikan soal aritmatika sosial dengan model pembelajaran ceramah di kelas kontrol. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pre tes posttes control group design. Sample yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP Negeri 2 Gondang Bojonegoro Jawa Timur kelas VIII B sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII A sebagai kelas kontrol yang ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 56 siswa di kelas eksperimen 28 siswa di kelas kontrol sebanyak 28 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning lebih baik dari model pembelajaran ceramah yang selama ini digunakan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai rata-rata post tes di kelas eksperimen adalah 75,89 dikelas kontrol nilai post tes adalah 71,96 sehingga didapat perbedaan sebesar 3,93. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan aritmatika sosial lebih baik daripada model pembelajaran ceramah.
PENGARUH PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DAN MINAT BELAJAR TERHADAP PENGUASAAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA
Authors: Supriyatin Titin 
Published: April 2019

The research aims to determine the effect of parents’ attention and students’ interest toward students’ mathematical concept. This research used Path Analysis Method. The sample of this research was 60 students which was chosen by using multi stage sampling technique. The data collection technique of this research was done by using written test and questionnaire. The data analysis was done by applying descriptive statistic method, Pearson Coefficient Correlation and path analysis. The result shows that there is significant effect of parents’ attention toward students’ mathematical concept mastery, there is significant effect of students’ learning interest toward mathematical concept mastery, there is significant effect of parents’ attention toward students’ learning interest, there is indirect insignificant effect of parents’ attention toward mathematical concept mastery through students’ learning interest. To improve students’ mathematical concept mastery at junior high school level, teachers should synchronize parents’ attention and students’ learning interest better than before. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perhatian orang tua dan minat belajar terhadap penguasaan konsep matatematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode path analisys. Sampel sebanyak 60 siswa yang diambil dengan teknik multi stage sampling. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan tes tulis dan angket penelitian. Analisis data dengan metode statistik deskriptif, koefisien korelasi pearson dana nalisis jalur (path analisis). Uji statistik dipergunakan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat pengaruh langsung yang signifikan perhatian orang tua terhadap penguasaan konsep Matematika siswa, terdapat pengaruh langsung yang signifikan minat belajar terhadap penguasaan konsep Matematika siswa, terdapat pengaruh langsung yang signifikan perhatian orang tua terhadap minat belajar siswa, terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung yang tidak signifikan perhatian orang tua terhadap penguasaan konsep matematika melalui minat belajarsiswa. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penguasaan konsep matematika siswa SMP, guru harus berupaya agar perhatian orang tua dan minat belajar siswa bisa lebih baik lagi.
Alteración de la Conciencia Secundario al Mal Control Metabólico, Reportado en el Servicio de Emergencia del Hospital General Iess Riobamba
Authors: Llerena Asadobay Adrián Paul , Salazar Montero Paola Belén , Villarroel Ponce Evelyn Carolina , Riofrío García Sandy Yomary , Moreno Moreira Nelson Mauricio 
Published: April 2019

La Diabetes Mellitus (DM) comprende un grupo de trastornos metabólicos que comparten el fenotipo común de la hiperglucemia. Clasificándose en: DM tipo 1, se caracteriza por el déficit temprano de insulina (2). La DM tipo 2 se caracteriza por resistencia a la insulina y producción excesiva de glucosa en el hígado. La realización del examen físico, exámenes de laboratorio como glucosa en sangre, elemental y microscópico de orina, gasometría arterial (1), son los métodos más efectivos para determinar a tiempo las complicaciones agudas como: cetoacidosis, estado hiperosmolar no cetosico e hipoglicemia. Objetivo: dar a conocer los elementos clínicos y exámenes de laboratorio que permitan llegar al diagnóstico de ésta enfermedad. Caso clínico: Se presenta un paciente masculino de 41 años de edad, que acude al Hospital General IESS de Riobamba en el que se presentó un caso específico de Alteración de la conciencia secundario al mal control metabólico.
Conclusiones: la alteración de la conciencia secundaria al mal control metabólico, afecta considerablemente el bienestar biopsicosocial de los pacientes que la padecen, siendo importante dominar todos los aspectos clínicos y exámenes de laboratorio que nos hacen sospechar de su diagnóstico para minimizar las complicaciones que de ella se pueden derivar.
Estudio de procedimientos para mejorar el sistema de calidad en el hospital de especialidades “José Carrasco Arteaga” del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social Cuenca - Azuay
Authors: Torres Dávila Eulalia Catalina , López Espinoza María Fernanda , Cáceres Manzano Verónica Paulina , Espín Maldonado Oscar David 
Published: April 2019

La calidad en la atención de salud es la propiedad o conjunto de atenciones para contribuir al paciente en un servicio integral para el Buen Vivir. Como parte de la calidad de atención tenemos varios componentes como el buen trato, la buena práctica, la identificación del paciente, el mantenimiento de equipos, la utilización de abreviaturas, identificación y manejo de medicamentos, entre otros. En el Hospital de Especialidades ¨José Carrasco Arteaga¨, se mantiene un continuo mejoramiento para la atención del paciente tomando en cuenta las seis áreas analizadas.
Para la mejora del sistema calidad en Hospital de Especialidades ¨José Carrasco Arteaga¨, Instituto de Seguridad Social Cuenca- Azuay vamos a plantear diferentes procedimientos los cuales son parte de la reforma en el plan de Seguridad del Paciente; por medio de un análisis aleatorio de varias especialidades.
Los nuevos lineamientos del Plan de Seguridad del Paciente aprobado en el 2018, en su tercera medición tomada según los informes trimestrales de seguridad del Paciente del Hospital de Especialidades ¨José Carrasco Arteaga¨, nos da como resultados que el 63% de Pràcticas Seguras superan el 70% de cumplimieto en los servicios evaluados, sobrepasando la línea de base para un mejor desarrollo.
Como conclusión de los servicios evaluados, tanto en el valor mínimo aceptable del cumplimiento de Prácticas Organizacionales requeridas refleja un incremento con respecto al desempeño de los servicios de mayor nivel y servicio de menor puntaje de cumplimiento.
Evaluación de la calidad de la historia clínica en el servicio de consulta externa. Unidad Anidada Chunchi, Chimborazo 2018
Authors: Alcocer Ortega Andrés Fernando , Besantes Montoya Mauricio Gustavo , Naranjo Rosas Lisseth Diana 
Published: April 2019

Determinando como piedra angular de todo el sistema de información en todos los niveles de atención de salud a una historia clínica de calidad, concordamos que es un tema esencial en nuestra práctica diaria, conceptualizando a una historia clínica adecuadamente confeccionada como la constancia escrita de todos los exámenes médicos, estudios realizados y tratamientos aplicados durante el transcurso de la enfermedad , el obtuvo principal del estudio fue conocer el grado de cumplimentación de la historia clínica en el Servicio de Consulta Externa de una Unidad de Primer Nivel de Atención, para evaluar áreas de mejora.
Se realizó un Estudio descriptivo transversal, con análisis del porcentaje de cumplimentación de veinte variables en 147 ingresos atendidos en la consulta externa de la Unidad Anidad Chunchi durante 6 meses. Para el análisis de datos se creó una base de datos en Microsoft Excel 2016.
De las 20 variables analizadas en el presente estudio se encontró que, en cuanto a la calidad de la documentación clínica utilizada, los datos clínico-estadísticos y la fecha de atención estaban presentes en el 100%, antecedentes familiares (73%), antecedentes personales de interés (82%), hábitos tóxicos (8%), motivo de consulta (95%), el diagnóstico, las órdenes terapéuticas y los signos vitales (100%).
El 96% de las historias incluían las hojas de evolución. El 86% de las historias clínicas tenían realizadas el post consulta por parte de enfermería. El 59% de la documentación revisada es legible sin dificultad y el 41% es legible con alguna dificultad. El 68% de las historias clínicas poseían los formularos llenados de manera correcta de acuerdo con la edad.
La calidad del registro es variable, aceptable en codificación diagnóstica, datos estadísticos y fecha de atención y deficitaria en antecedentes personales, hábitos, a pesar de la alta cumplimentación (>95%) de motivo de consulta y juicio clínico, se subraya la relevancia del incumplimiento del llenado documentario en un 41 % con datos legibles y comprensibles.