bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Improves Reendothelialization Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells via SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3)-Enhanced SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2) Deacetylation in Hypertension
Authors: He Jiang , Liu Xing , Su Chen , Wu Fang , Sun Jiapan , Zhang Jianning , Yang Xulong , Zhang Chanjuan , Zhou Ziting , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lin Xiufang , Tao Jun 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) leads to impaired endothelial repair capacity in patients with hypertension, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in endothelial injury in hypertension. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the deficient endothelial reparative capacity of EPCs and identify enhanced SIRT3 (sirtuin 3)-mediated SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) deacetylation as a novel endothelial protective mechanism in hypertension.

Approach and Results:
Hypertension-EPCs displayed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mtDNA oxidative injury, which was coincided with impaired in vitro function and in vivo reendothelialization capacity. The harmful effects of hypertension on mitochondrial function of EPCs were in vitro mimicked by angiotensin II coincubation. Scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with mitoTEMPO attenuated mitochondrial oxidative damage and rescued reendothelialization capacity. Enzymatic activity and deacetylation level of SOD2 were significantly reduced in hypertension-EPCs, which was accompanied with decreased SIRT3 expression. Knockdown of SIRT3 in EPCs resulted in mitochondrial oxidative damage, hyperacetylation of SOD2, and suppression of reendothelialization capacity. SIRT3 physically interacted with SOD2 and eliminated excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, restored mitochondrial function through enhancing SOD2 activity by deacetylation of K68. Upregulation of SIRT3/SOD2 signaling improved reendothelialization capability of EPCs.

Conclusions:
The present study demonstrated for the first time that mitochondrial oxidative damage because of deficient SIRT3/SOD2 signaling contributes to the decline in reendothelialization capacity of EPCs in hypertension. Maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in EPCs may be a novel therapeutic target for endothelial injury.
Celebrating Science in Ancient Greece and Rome
Authors: Taub Liba 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Current ideas about the aims and value of scientific work and knowledge may be part of our inherited legacy from Greco-Roman antiquity. While financial rewards were important in the past and are important today, when we look at individual ancient Greeks and Romans known for their scientific ideas and achievement, we see that a number of these were avowedly pursuing science for a gain which was very specific, but not financial. Motivations might include intellectual curiosity and a desire for personal improvement, including increased understanding, as well as an interest in gaining reputation and influencing posterity. In Greco-Roman antiquity there were various ways in which an individual’s scientific achievements could be celebrated, commemorated, honoured and memorialised; several are considered here.
“In the Society’s Strong Box”
Authors: Higgitt Rebekah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It has become a commonplace that exceptional achievement, including within science, should be rewarded with prizes and that these will often take the form of a medal. The ubiquity of such awards today means that the circumstances behind their arrival tend to be overlooked, but they were novelties when first suggested at the Royal Society in the 1730s. This article traces the creation of the Copley Medal and explores the meaning of medals to the recipients, the Society and the proposer of the scheme, Martin Folkes. Paying attention to the medal’s iconography and material nature can shed light on how experimental philosophy and the role of the Royal Society were conceived by key Fellows, demonstrating their links to antiquarianism and Freemasonry. Rather than arriving as a fully formed reward system, the medal concept required investment of time, money, thought and skill, and the development of ritual, meaning and value.
Informality: a Window on Contemporary Emotions History
Authors: Stearns Peter N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An intriguing and pervasive development in the history of the past century – in the United States and at least some other societies – has been the rise of greater informality in interpersonal relations. Almost everyone knows this has been happening – a class of college students can offer a number of valid illustrations (with a heavy dose of habits on social media), and some have lived through even more extensive changes in, for example, the way people dress. But the phenomenon is dramatically understudied, taken for granted rather than assessed or analysed. There is a serious historical topic here that should be addressed by a wider audience, with several dimensions for further evaluation.
In the Name of Modernization: How has the Concept of “Family” been Reshaped among Evenki Hunters under the State Power of China?
Authors: Yu Hsin-lun , Bao Yinghua 
Published: June 2019

This paper investigates the ways in which the concept of “family” was reshaped, during the process of modern capitalization, among Evenki hunters under the state power of China from the seventeenth century onward. By doing so, it attempts to illustrate two things: one is to depict the trajectory how the Evenki traditional family commune system was regulated into the state power of the Qing Dynasty and modern nation-state of China; second, it aims to argue further that, contrary to the general understanding that regards the practice of socialism in 1950s China as an attempt to de-capitalize private property of the family, in Evenki society, it is through the practice of socialism that the concept of private property was established.
The fieldwork was conducted between 2015 and 2016 in Giden village, the only hunting tribe within the Evenki Autonomous Banner/Country, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, in north-eastern China. Through articulating historical documents and a field survey of 24 veteran hunters, this paper attempts to develop an understanding of how traditional Evenki culture was engaged with the practice of modernization under state power and then changed the formation of family in family commune society.
Evolving the National Weather Service to Build a Weather-Ready Nation: Connecting Observations, Forecasts, and Warnings to Decision-Makers through Impact-Based Decision Support Services
Authors: Uccellini Louis W. , Ten Hoeve John E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the cost and societal impacts of extreme weather, water, and climate events continue to rise across the United States, the National Weather Service (NWS) has adopted a strategic vision of a Weather-Ready Nation that aims to help all citizens be ready, responsive, and resilient to extreme weather, water, and climate events. To achieve this vision and to meet the NWS mission of saving lives and property and enhancing the national economy, the NWS must improve the accuracy and timeliness of forecasts and warnings, and must directly connect these forecasts and warnings to critical life- and property-saving decisions through the provision of impact-based decision support services (IDSS). While the NWS has been moving in this direction for years, the shift to delivering IDSS holistically requires an agency-wide transformation. This article discusses the elements driving the need for change at the NWS to build a Weather-Ready Nation; the foundational basis for IDSS; ongoing challenges to provide IDSS across federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial levels of government; the path toward evolving the NWS to deliver more effective IDSS; the importance of partnerships within the weather, water, and climate enterprise and with those responsible for public safety to achieve the Weather-Ready Nation vision; and initial supporting evidence and lessons learned from early efforts.
Portrait des pratiques évaluatives des ergothérapeutes œuvrant au Québec
Authors: Gobeil Janie , Larivière Nadine , Carrier Annie , Bier Nathalie , Bottari Carolina , Veillette Nathalie , Rouleau Suzanne , Gélinas Isabelle , Provencher Véronique , Couture Mélanie , Levasseur Mélanie 
Published: June 2019

Description. L’évaluation du client est primordiale dans la pratique de l’ergothérapie, notamment pour établir les priorités de traitement et pour vérifier l’efficacité des interventions. Les pratiques évaluatives des ergothérapeutes sont cependant peu documentées. But. Dresser un portrait des pratiques évaluatives des ergothérapeutes du Québec selon les dimensions personne-environnement-occupation et les clientèles. Méthodologie. Une enquête transversale a été réalisée à l’aide d’un sondage en ligne envoyé aux ergothérapeutes du Québec. Résultats. En pédiatrie, les ergothérapeutes utilisent majoritairement des outils standardisés des aptitudes physiques et neurologiques. L’évaluation d’adultes cible principalement les aptitudes physiques et la productivité. Auprès des aînés, l’évaluation repose surtout sur les aspects fonctionnels, particulièrement les aptitudes physiques, les soins personnels et la sécurité à domicile, et sur le dépistage des difficultés cognitives. Implications pour la pratique. L’évaluation ergothérapique serait généralement axée sur les aptitudes physiques. Pour assurer une approche holistique, l’occupation et l’environnement devraient être davantage considérés dans l’évaluation.
Use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I levels for early diagnosis of myocardial injury after neonatal asphyxia
Authors: Jiang Li , Li Yuning , Zhang Zhi , Lin Lixing , Liu Xiaoli 
Published: June 2019

Objective Low-cost diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers could help guide clinical management of neonates with myocardial injury after asphyxia. This study aimed to assess the utility of creatine kinase (CK)-MB, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myoglobin in the early diagnosis of myocardial injury following neonatal asphyxia. Methods Eighteen neonates with asphyxia and myocardial injury, 22 neonates with asphyxia and no myocardial injury, and 19 neonates without asphyxia (controls) were enrolled consecutively at the Neonatology Department, First Hospital of Lanzhou University (August 2013 to December 2014). Serum CK-MB, hs-cTnI, BNP, and myoglobin levels were evaluated at 12 hours and 7 days after birth. Their diagnostic value for myocardial injury was assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Levels of all four markers were higher in neonates with asphyxia and myocardial injury than in neonates with asphyxia and no myocardial injury or controls 12 hours after birth. The marker hs-cTnI had the highest diagnostic value. Using a cutoff value of 0.087 µg/L for hs-cTnI, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for asphyxia-induced myocardial injury were 55.6%, 95.5%, and 77.5%, respectively. Conclusions Serum hs-cTnI levels can predict myocardial injury caused by neonatal asphyxia at an early stage.
Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use is highly prevalent in multiple myeloma patients and is improved by a collaborative physician–pharmacist clinic
Authors: Sweiss Karen , Calip Gregory S , Wirth Scott , Rondelli Damiano , Patel Pritesh 
Published: June 2019

Objective To compare polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use in multiple myeloma patients receiving care under a traditional, physician-managed, or collaborative physician–pharmacist clinic. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Urban academic cancer center. Data source Computerized electronic record. Patients Forty-four patients in the traditional physician-managed clinic and 57 patients in the collaborative physician-pharmacist clinic. Measurements and main results Patients in the collaborative clinic took fewer medications on average (9 vs. 7, p = 0.045). Although the median number of myeloma-related medications was higher (2 vs. 4, p < 0.0001), the number of non-myeloma-related medications was lower (7 vs. 3, p < 0.0001) in the collaborative clinic. Polypharmacy rates were high in both clinics (93% vs. 84%, p = 0.22). However, the collaborative clinic had a lower rate of polypharmacy of non-myeloma medications (71 vs. 33%, p = 0.0003), including both minor (five to nine medications, 48 vs. 28%, p = 0.06) and major (≥10 medications, 23 vs. 5%, p = 0.02) polypharmacy. Minor polypharmacy of myeloma-related medications was higher in the collaborative clinic (32 vs. 2%; p = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis showed a reduced risk of having a higher number of medications (Relative risk (RR) 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.93; p = 0.004), a lower risk of having any polypharmacy of non-myeloma-related medications (RR 0.41, 95% confidence interval 0.25–0.67; p < 0.001) and a lower risk of receiving potentially inappropriate medication (RR 0.62, 95% confidence interval 0.41–0.95; p = 0.029) in the collaborative clinic. Conclusions Multiple myeloma patients have a high rate of polypharmacy but comanagement with a pharmacist reduced the number of all medications, but in particular the number of non-myeloma-related medications.
Acute upward gaze palsy: Not always Parinaud syndrome
Authors: Rossi Salvatore , Frisullo Giovanni , Iorio Raffaele 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Parinaud syndrome, caused by midbrain infarction, usually manifests as an ocular conjugate upgaze palsy. However, this sign should not point out straightforwardly to Parinaud syndrome, as other lesions in the central nervous system could cause it. Case description: The case of a 47-year-old woman showing acute onset of diplopia with bilateral upward gaze palsy is described. Parinaud syndrome was suspected on clinical grounds. However, brain magnetic resonance imaging displayed an acute ischemic lesion in the right anteromedial thalamus. Conclusions: Bilateral upward gaze palsy may be caused by unilateral thalamic infarction. The mechanism by which a unilateral thalamic lesion causes bilateral gaze palsy is discussed.
Introduction of Procalcitonin Testing and Antibiotic Utilization for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Ulrich Robert J , McClung Daniel , Wang Bonnie R , Winters Spencer , Flanders Scott A , Rao Krishna 
Published: June 2019

Background: The majority of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are triggered by nonbacterial causes, yet most patients receive antibiotics. Treatment guided by procalcitonin (PCT), a sensitive biomarker of bacterial infection, safely decreases antibiotic use in many controlled trials. We evaluated PCT implementation for inpatients with AECOPD at a large academic hospital. Methods: All patients admitted for AECOPD during the first 6 months of PCT-guided therapy were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective cohort study. Patients with PCT performed were compared with those without PCT. The primary outcome was antibiotic days of therapy (DOT). Secondary outcomes included 30-day readmission and mortality. Results: Of the 238 AECOPD admissions, 73 (31%) had PCT performed. Procalcitonin-tested patients were more likely to meet systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, require intensive care unit (ICU)-level care, and have a longer length of stay (LOS) compared with those without PCT. Even after adjustment for these factors, PCT-tested patients received more inpatient DOT and there was no difference in total DOT. However, a low PCT value (<0.25 ng/mL) was associated with a 25.5% ( P ⩽ .001) decrease in intravenous (IV) antibiotic DOT. Guideline-recommended follow-up testing was rare (12%). Procalcitonin measurement had no effect on 30-day readmission or mortality. Conclusions: In this real-world analysis of inpatients with AECOPD, PCT-guided therapy was poorly adopted by providers and was not associated with a decrease in total antibiotic DOT. However, a low PCT level was associated with a 25.5% decrease in IV antibiotic DOT, suggesting increased comfort stepping down from IV to PO therapy.
Brain and lesion segmentation in multiple sclerosis using fully convolutional neural networks: A large-scale study
Authors: Gabr Refaat E , Coronado Ivan , Robinson Melvin , Sujit Sheeba J , Datta Sushmita , Sun Xiaojun , Allen William J , Lublin Fred D , Wolinsky Jerry S , Narayana Ponnada A 
Published: June 2019

Objective: To investigate the performance of deep learning (DL) based on fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) in segmenting brain tissues in a large cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods: We developed a FCNN model to segment brain tissues, including T2-hyperintense MS lesions. The training, validation, and testing of FCNN were based on ~1000 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets acquired on relapsing–remitting MS patients, as a part of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Multimodal MRI data (dual-echo, FLAIR, and T1-weighted images) served as input to the network. Expert validated segmentation was used as the target for training the FCNN. We cross-validated our results using the leave-one-center-out approach. Results: We observed a high average (95% confidence limits) Dice similarity coefficient for all the segmented tissues: 0.95 (0.92–0.98) for white matter, 0.96 (0.93–0.98) for gray matter, 0.99 (0.98–0.99) for cerebrospinal fluid, and 0.82 (0.63–1.0) for T2 lesions. High correlations between the DL segmented tissue volumes and ground truth were observed ( R2 > 0.92 for all tissues). The cross validation showed consistent results across the centers for all tissues. Conclusion: The results from this large-scale study suggest that deep FCNN can automatically segment MS brain tissues, including lesions, with high accuracy.
Exploring the effects of cognitive remediation on metacognition in people with schizophrenia
Authors: Cella Matteo , Edwards Clementine , Swan Sarah , Elliot Kay , Reeder Clare , Wykes Til 
Published: June 2019

Background: Interventions targeting cognition in people with schizophrenia have shown moderate effects on improving functioning. Recent cognitive remediation (CR) approaches have begun to target metacognition to improve functioning outcomes. This study aims to develop a novel measure of metacognition and assess whether metacognitive-based CR (mCR) can improve metacognition. Method: We use data from a single-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing mCR plus treatment as usual (TAU) to TAU alone in people with schizophrenia. Participants were assessed with measures of cognition, functioning, and a new measure of metacognition at three time points: Week 0 (baseline), Week 12, and Week 24. Results: The evaluation of the novel metacognition assessment suggests that it is a reliable and valid measure. The measure positively correlates with cognitive measures, in particular with executive function and IQ but also with a measure of functioning. We found that a course of mCR was able to increase metacognition compared to TAU by Week 24. Conclusions: Metacognition may be an important mechanism to explain how CR affects functioning outcomes in people with psychosis. The systematic assessment of metacognition as part of CR studies may help to evaluate more clearly its role and relevance to functioning.
Sharing the Patient Experience: A “Talk Story” Intervention for Heart Failure Management in Native Hawaiians
Authors: Sentell Tetine , Kennedy Fiona , Seto Todd , Vawer May , Chiriboga Germán , Valdez Coraleen , Garrett Lisa M , Paloma Diane , Taira Deborah 
Published: June 2019

Background: Native Hawaiians (NHs) suffer disproportionately from cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Objective: To test a narrative intervention of patient stories to support heart disease self-management in NHs. Method: Six NH storyteller videos were developed with community feedback following established methods. The NH participants with heart failure (N = 35) were recruited from a major medical center in Hawai‘i. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, watched videos via iPad, and described experiences. Follow-up was 4 weeks later. Results: Mean participant age was 57.0 years (standard deviation [SD]:13.0) and 31% (11) were female. On a scale of 1 (worst) to 4 (best), respondents rated the videos 3.7 (SD: 0.5) in relevance for helping them manage their heart disease and 3.6 (SD: 0.5) in their experience using these videos. When asked what they liked best, the most common response was that they are “like me” (from 14 respondents, ranging from a 43-year-old woman to an 84-year-old man). Of those completing follow-up (n = 15), 87% said videos helped them. Conclusion: Our narrative “talk story” intervention showed promise as a culturally relevant method to share patient experiences and reduce health disparities.
Midterm outcome of single scleral suture technique in trabeculectomy and phacotrabeculectomy: a simplified approach
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Parveen Shafia , Chauhan Lokesh 
Published: June 2019

Purpose: To report outcome of trabeculectomy performed by single scleral suture in Indian eyes. Methods: Non-randomized, non-masked, retrospective cohort analysis. Medical records of all consecutive patients who underwent trabeculectomy between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2016 at CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad (India), were reviewed and analyzed. Trabeculectomy was performed using single scleral suture for flap closure. The suture knot was buried inside sclera. The laser lysis of scleral suture was not done. Success was defined as complete success if an intraocular pressure (IOP) was >5 and ⩽21 mmHg without any glaucoma medications or re-surgery. Qualified success was defined as IOP ⩽21 mmHg with or without antiglaucoma medications. Results: Data of 98 patients was analyzed. A total of 61 (62.2%) of them underwent trabeculectomy, and 37 (37.7%) underwent phacotrabeculectomy. The probability of complete success in patient underwent phacotrabeculectomy was 86% at 3 years, and in-patient underwent only trabeculectomy was 95% at 3 years. The probability of qualified success in patient undergone phacotrabeculectomy was 91% at 3 years, and in patient undergone only trabeculectomy was 97% at 3 years. Conclusion: The mean postoperative IOP was significantly less then mean preoperative IOP, at all follow-up visits. This simplified technique also resulted in high midterm success probabilities with low complication rates.