bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitación oral en bebes, enfoque preventivo y psicológico
Authors: Cardoso María Lorena 
Published: February 2019

En el presente trabajo se reporta el manejo odontológico para rehabilitar un niño de dos años, tanto en estética y función como en hábitos, con un mantenedor de espacio fijo tipo telescópico. El paciente acude con su madre, presentando “dolor en varios dientes hace varios días”, a la especialidad de Odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina.Se elaboró un plan de tratamiento en fases a partir del diagnóstico de caries de temprana infancia. La rehabilitación oral, no solo implica la eliminación de los procesos cariosos, sino que es de importancia fundamental la re-educación del niño y su entorno. Los controles de mantenimiento se realizaron, el primer año mensualmente y bimestralmente los 8 meses posteriores. La evaluación se realizará trimestralmente hasta la erupción de los permanentes. Palabras clave: Susceptibilidad a caries dentaria. Odontología Pediátrica. Rehabilitación Bucal. Salud Bucal.
SummaryIn the present work we report the dental management to rehabilitate a child of two years, both in esthetics and function as in habits, with aspace maintainer with a telescopic system. The patient comes with his mother, presenting “pain in several teeth several days ago”, to the specialty of Pediatric Dentistry of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina. A treatment plan is developed in phases from the diagnosis of early childhood caries. Faced with these types of cases, not only does the patient be rehabilitated by eliminating the carious processes, but the re-education of the child and his environment is of fundamental importance. The maintenance checks were performed, the first year monthly and bimonthly the 8 months later. The evaluation will be done quarterly until the eruption of the permanent ones. Keywords: Caries Susceptibility, Dental. Pediatric Dentistry. Mouth Rehabilitation.
Consideraciones para la atención odontológica en un paciente con síndrome de Asperger. reporte de un caso
Authors: Butrón-Téllez Girón Claudia 
Published: February 2019

El Síndrome de Asperger es una enfermedad del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por deficiencias en la interacción social y la comunicación,sin retraso en el desarrollo cognitivo y del lenguaje, considerado dentro de los Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo y de las Condiciones del Espectro Autista. Debido a las características de este síndrome estos pacientes requieren atención y técnicas conductuales específicas, parapoder realizar el tratamiento dental. El objetivo de este reporte es dar a conocer los cuidados y el manejo de conducta para el tratamiento dental en pacientes con Síndrome de Asperger. Palabras clave: Síndrome de Asperger, desensibilización sistemática, cuidado dental, salud bucal, prevención primaria, comportamiento.
AbstractAsperger syndrome is a disease of the neurodevelopmental characterized by deficiencies in social interaction and communication, without delay in cognitive development and language, and is considered within pervasive developmental disorders and the autism spectrumconditions. Due to the characteristics these patients require care and specific behavioral techniques, to perform dental treatment. The objective of this report is to present the care and behaviour management for dental treatment in patients with Asperger syndrome. Key words: Asperger syndrome, systematic desensitization, dental care, oral health, primary prevention, behaviour.
Nitrogen-containing Anions and Tholin Growth in Titan’s Ionosphere: Implications for Cassini CAPS-ELS Observations
Authors: Dubois David , Carrasco Nathalie , Bourgalais Jérémy , Vettier Ludovic , Desai Ravindra T. , Wellbrock Anne , Coates Andrew J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) Electron Spectrometer (ELS) instrument on board Cassini revealed an unexpected abundance of negative ions above 950 km in Titan’s ionosphere. In situ measurements indicated the presence of negatively charged particles with mass-over-charge ratios up to 13,800 u/q. At present, only a handful of anions have been characterized by photochemical models, consisting mainly of C
n
H− carbon chain and C
n−1N− cyano compounds (n = 2–6); their formation occurring essentially through proton abstraction from their parent neutral molecules. However, numerous other species have yet to be detected and identified. Considering the efficient anion growth leading to compounds of thousands of u/q, it is necessary to better characterize the first light species. Here, we present new negative ion measurements with masses up to 200 u/q obtained in an N2:CH4 dusty plasma discharge reproducing analogous conditions to Titan’s ionosphere. We perform a comparison with high-altitude CAPS-ELS measurements near the top of Titan’s ionosphere from the T18 encounter. The main observed peaks are in agreement with the observations. However, a number of other species (e.g., CNN−, CHNN−) previously not considered suggests an abundance of N-bearing compounds, containing two or three nitrogen atoms, consistent with certain adjacent doubly bonded nitrogen atoms found in tholins. These results suggest that an N-rich incorporation into tholins may follow mechanisms including anion chemistry, further highlighting the important role of negative ions in Titan’s aerosol growth.
Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae)
Authors: Sadílek David , Angus Robert B. , Šťáhlavský František , Vilímová Jitka 
Published: February 2019

In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue inCimexlectulariusLinnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method.The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tissues of eggs and midgut epithelium are not suitable. Metaphase II is the only division phase in which sex chromosomes can be clearly distinguished. Chromosome number determination is easy during metaphase I and metaphase II. Spreading of gonad tissue is a suitable method for the cytogenetic analysis of holokinetic chromosomes ofCimexlectularius.
The Perception of Emojis for Analyzing App Feedback
Authors: Scherr Simon André , Polst Svenja , Müller Lisa , Holl Konstantin , Elberzhager Frank 
Published: February 2019

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">When analyzing textual user feedback, the challenge today is that automation is only possible in a non-satisfactory way due to the limitations of understanding natural language. However, manual evaluation is not possible for products with a large amount of user feedback, as this is neither efficient nor effective. Internet texts are full of emojis. Emojis tell how a user feels about certain aspects of a product. We conducted a survey on the perception of emojis and used the results from 107 participants. The core result is that people perceive emojis in a very homogenous way regarding their sentiments and the emotions they represent This means that emojis give us a tool for analyzing the users’ perspectives on a product by looking at the emojis contained in their feedback. </span></p>
Anadromy Redux? Genetic Analysis to Inform Development of an Indigenous American River Steelhead Broodstock
Authors: Abadía-Cardoso Alicia , Brodsky Annie , Cavallo Bradley , Arciniega Martha , Garza John Carlos , Hannon John , Pearse Devon E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe construction of dams and water diversions has severely limited access to spawning habitat for anadromous fishes. To mitigate for these impacts, hatchery programs rear and release millions of juvenile salmonids, including steelhead, the anadromous ecotype of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss. These programs sometimes use nonindigenous broodstock sources that may have negative effects on wild populations. In California, however, only one anadromous fish hatchery program currently uses nonnative broodstock: the steelhead program at Nimbus Fish Hatchery on the American River, a tributary of the Sacramento River in the California Central Valley. The goal of this study was to determine if potentially appropriate sources to replace the broodstock for the Nimbus Hatchery steelhead program exist in the Upper American River, above Nimbus and Folsom dams. We show that all Upper American River O. mykiss sampled share ancestry with other populations in the Central Valley steelhead distinct population segment, with limited introgression from out-of-basin sources in some areas. Furthermore, some Upper American River populations retain adaptive genomic variation associated with a migratory life history, supporting the hypothesis that these populations display adfluvial migratory behavior. Together, these results provide insights into the evolution of trout populations above barrier dams. We conclude that some Upper American River O. mykiss populations represent genetically appropriate sources from which fisheries managers could potentially develop a new broodstock for the Nimbus Hatchery steelhead program to reestablish a native anadromous population in the Lower American River and contribute to recovery of the threatened Central Valley steelhead distinct population segment.
Enhancing Antigen Cross-Presentation in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells by Recruiting the Intracellular Fc Receptor TRIM21
Authors: Ng Patricia M. L. , Kaliaperumal Nivashini , Lee Chia Yin , Chin Wen Jie , Tan Hwee Ching , Au Veonice B. , Goh Angeline X.-H. , Tan Qiao Wen , Yeo Darren S. G. , Connolly John E. , Wang Cheng-I 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Suboptimal immune responses to pathogens contribute to chronic infections. One way to improve immune responses is to boost Ag presentation. In this study, we investigate the potential of the tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) pathway. TRIM21 is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic protein that recognizes the Fc region of Abs. When Abs that are bound to pathogens enter the cell as immune complexes, binding of TRIM21 to Fc initiates downstream inflammatory signaling and targets the immune complexes for proteasomal degradation. In APCs, peptides generated by proteasomes are loaded onto MHC class I molecules to stimulate CD8 T cell responses, which are crucial for effective immunity to pathogens. We hypothesized that increasing the affinity between immune complexes and TRIM21 might markedly improve CD8 T cell responses to Ags processed by the TRIM21 pathway. Using phage display technology, we engineered the human IgG1 Fc to increase its affinity for TRIM21 by 100-fold. Adenovirus immune complexes with the engineered Fc induced greater maturation of human dendritic cells (DC) than immune complexes with unmodified Fc and stimulated increased Ag-specific CD8 T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release in cocultures of DC-PBMC. Thus, by increasing the affinity between Fc and TRIM21, Ags from immune complexes undergo enhanced cross-presentation on DC, leading to greater CD8 T cell responses. Our study reveals an approach that could potentially be used in vaccines to increase cytotoxic T cell responses against Ags that are targeted or delivered by Fc-modified Abs.
Circulating Truncated Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Glycoprotein in Patient Plasma Retains Anti-Inflammatory Capacity
Authors: Reeves Emer P. , Dunlea Danielle M. , McQuillan Karen , O’Dwyer Ciara A. , Carroll Tomás P. , Saldova Radka , Akepati Prithvi Reddy , Wormald Mark R. , McElvaney Oliver J. , Shutchaidat Vipatsorn , Henry Michael , Meleady Paula , Keenan Joanne , Liberti Derek C. , Kotton Darrell N. , Rudd Pauline M. , Wilson Andrew A. , McElvaney Noel G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an acute phase protein that possesses immune-regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions independent of antiprotease activity. AAT deficiency (AATD) is associated with early-onset emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of interest are the AATD nonsense mutations (termed null or Q0), the majority of which arise from premature termination codons in the mRNA coding region. We have recently demonstrated that plasma from an AATD patient homozygous for the Null Bolton allele (Q0bolton) contains AAT protein of truncated size. Although the potential to alleviate the phenotypic consequences of AATD by increasing levels of truncated protein holds therapeutic promise, protein functionality is key. The goal of this study was to evaluate the structural features and anti-inflammatory capacity of Q0bolton-AAT. A low-abundance, truncated AAT protein was confirmed in plasma of a Q0bolton-AATD patient and was secreted by patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell–hepatic cells. Functional assays confirmed the ability of purified Q0bolton-AAT protein to bind neutrophil elastase and to inhibit protease activity. Q0bolton-AAT bound IL-8 and leukotriene B4, comparable to healthy control M-AAT, and significantly decreased leukotriene B4–induced neutrophil adhesion (p = 0.04). Through a mechanism involving increased mRNA stability (p = 0.007), ataluren treatment of HEK-293 significantly increased Q0bolton-AAT mRNA expression (p = 0.03) and Q0bolton-AAT truncated protein secretion (p = 0.04). Results support the rationale for treatment with pharmacological agents that augment levels of functional Q0bolton-AAT protein, thus offering a potential therapeutic option for AATD patients with rare mutations of similar theratype.
Compliance to the Integrated School Health Policy: Intersectoral and multisectoral collaboration
Authors: Rasesemola Richard M. , Matshoge Gert P. , Ramukumba Tendani S. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Implementation of the Integrated School Health Policy (ISHP) requires strong intersectoral collaboration on the part of key role players such as the Department of Health, Department of Basic Education and Department of Social Development. These departments and educational structures such as school governing bodies, teacher unions and learner organisations, academic institutions, civil society and development partner organisations are also expected to contribute to the development of sustainable and comprehensive school health programmes.Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the compliance of the schools in the City of Tshwane to the ISHP in 2015.Method: A quantitative, explorative and descriptive study was conducted in the City of Tshwane using a questionnaire to determine the extent of compliance to the application of the ISHP in selected schools.Results: The results indicated a widespread non-compliance to ISHP programmes. There was insufficient stakeholder integration in the school health programmes at schools in the City of Tshwane.Conclusion: The lack of collaboration with relevant stakeholders in school health service delivery will lead to a fragmented, uncoordinated and unsustainable approach to the execution of ISHP programmes. This might result in delayed or no detection and intervention in cases of, among others, mental, psychosocial and health challenges to learning, as well as development of nutrition-related conditions.
Nurses’ attitudes towards the implementation of the Mother-Baby Friendly Initiative in selected primary healthcare facilities at Makhuduthamaga Municipality, Limpopo province
Authors: Mgolozeli Siyabulela E. , Shilubane Hilda N. , Khoza Lunic B. 
Published: February 2019

Background: The implementation of the Mother-Baby Friendly Initiative (MBFI) strategy demonstrated its capabilities to improve global children’s health and maternal survival. However, its implementation in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities remains a challenge as many nurses are reluctant to adopt it for the improvement of child and maternal healthcare services in their respective clinics.Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of nurses towards the implementation of the MBFI in selected PHC facilities in the Makhuduthamaga Municipality, Limpopo province.Method: This study used a quantitative, descriptive design, and all respondents were conveniently sampled. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. One-hundred and seventy-seven questionnaires were distributed, and 153 nurses responded and completed the questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23 was used to analyse data.Results: Results show that the majority of nurses (professional nurses [PNs] = 65, 78%; enrolled nurses [ENs] = 18, 72%; enrolled nursing auxiliaries [ENAs] = 23, 51%) had a positive attitude towards the MBFI strategy implementation as they agreed that it increased breastfeeding rates. Most PNs (n = 58, 70%) and ENs (n = 15, 60%) showed positive attitudes towards exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) as they agreed that it was the ideal feeding option for any child, and most ENAs (n = 38, 84%) showed a negative attitude as they disagreed that EBF was the ideal feeding option for any child.Conclusion: In this study, most PNs and ENs had a positive attitude in all the aspects that determined their attitudes towards MBFI strategy implementation. A concern is the fact that most ENAs showed negative attitudes in almost all the statements that were in line with the principles of MBFI, as they disagreed in most aspects. Therefore, this study recommends that on-going orientation and trainings should be offered to all nurses including ENAs to equip them with information that can assist in changing their attitudes towards MBFI implementation in PHC facilities.
The antecedents and postcedents of satisfaction in business-to-business relationships in South Africa
Authors: Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Mpinganjira Mercy , Svensson Goran 
Published: February 2019

Background: A relationship marketing approach to the management of business relationships can enhance overall customer satisfaction and reduce economic risks, such as opportunism that is associated with business dealings.Aim: The aim of this study was to establish whether a positive relationship exists between trust and commitment, whether trust has a positive influence on commitment, whether trust and commitment positively influence satisfaction and whether opportunism and conflict are outcomes of satisfaction in South African buyer–supplier relationships.Setting: Top 500 companies operating in the South African private sector.Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, data were gathered from 250 large companies in South Africa and were analysed through the application of structural equation modelling (SEM).Results: The findings indicate that both trust and commitment were perceived as important antecedents of satisfaction in a South African business-to-business environment, and that trust is a precursor to commitment in relationship building between organisational buyers and sellers in South Africa. This study adds value by assisting business-to-business buyers and sellers in South Africa on variables to consider when developing relationship-building strategies.Conclusion: Both parties to a relationship should therefore build relationships founded on trust and commitment. This will enhance their joint satisfaction, resulting in less opportunism and conflict, and will foster long-term relationship building based on mutual satisfaction. In contrast, dissatisfaction could increase opportunism and conflict between the parties, leading eventually to the termination of their business relationship.
A high unemployment and labour market segmentation: A three-segment macroeconomic model
Authors: Burger Philippe , Fourie Frederick 
Published: February 2019

Background: South Africa suffers from an unusually high unemployment rate – officially averaging 25% since 1999Q3. In addition, depending on whether one uses the official or broad definitions of unemployment, since 2008 there are on average between 2 and 3.3 times as many unemployed people as there are people in the informal sector. Hence the question: why do the unemployed not enter the informal sector to create a livelihood?Aim: To fill this gap we propose a macro-economic framework that incorporates both formal (primary) and informal (secondary) sectors, as well as involuntary unemployment resulting from entry barriers to the labour market. We believe such a model provides a more suitable basis for macroeconomic policy analysis.Setting: Standard macroeconomic theories at best provide a partial explanation for the South African unemployment problem, focusing mostly on the formal sector.Methods: The article uses a theoretical analysis.Results: The article presents a macro-economic framework that incorporates both formal (primary) and informal (secondary) sectors, as well as involuntary unemployment resulting from entry barriers to the labour market.Conclusion: If the assumptions on which the model draws hold in the South African reality, then a solution to the unem-ployment problem involve policies addressing product and labour market structures and behaviour in the primary sector, as well as policies addressing the numerous barriers to entry, such as borrowing constraints, that poten-tial entrants into the secondary sector face.
The Cloud_cci simulator v1.0 for the Cloud_cci climate data record and its application to a global and a regional climate model
Authors: Eliasson Salomon , Karlsson Karl Göran , van Meijgaard Erik , Meirink Jan Fokke , Stengel Martin , Willén Ulrika 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Cloud Climate Change Initiative (Cloud_cci) satellite simulator has been
developed to enable comparisons between the Cloud_cci climate data record
(CDR) and climate models. The Cloud_cci simulator is applied here to the
EC-Earth global climate model as well as the Regional Atmospheric Climate
Model (RACMO) regional climate model. We demonstrate the importance of using
a satellite simulator that emulates the retrieval process underlying the CDR
as opposed to taking the model output directly. The impact of not sampling
the model at the local overpass time of the polar-orbiting satellites used to
make the dataset was shown to be large, yielding up to 100 % error in
liquid water path (LWP) simulations in certain regions. The simulator removes
all clouds with optical thickness smaller than 0.2 to emulate the Cloud_cci
CDR's lack of sensitivity to very thin clouds. This reduces total cloud
fraction (TCF) globally by about 10 % for EC-Earth and by a few percent
for RACMO over Europe. Globally, compared to the Cloud_cci CDR, EC-Earth is
shown to be mostly in agreement on the distribution of clouds and their
height, but it generally underestimates the high cloud fraction associated
with tropical convection regions, and overestimates the occurrence and height
of clouds over the Sahara and the Arabian subcontinent. In RACMO, TCF is
higher than retrieved over the northern Atlantic Ocean but lower than
retrieved over the European continent, where in addition the cloud top
pressure (CTP) is underestimated. The results shown here demonstrate again
that a simulator is needed to make meaningful comparisons between modeled and
retrieved cloud properties. It is promising to see that for (nearly) all
cloud properties the simulator improves the agreement of the model with the
satellite data.