bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Atlantoaxial Dislocation After Odontoid Synchondrosis Fracture: A 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Karamian Brian A. , Campbell Sean T. , Rinsky Lawrence A. 
Published: June 2019

Case:
Spine injuries are rare in children, but when they do occur, the synchondrosis of C2 may be involved. A 5-year-old boy presented to our clinic complaining of neck pain for 6 weeks, which started after wrestling with peers. He had slight upper extremity weakness, clonus, and diminished reflexes. Imaging, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, showed a fracture dislocation through the synchondrosis of the odontoid. The patient was initially treated with admission to the hospital, awake halo placement, and gradual traction over a few days. Subsequently, he was taken for transoral reduction and posterior instrumented fusion of C1-C3 using a combination of sublaminar suture, screws, and rods. Most recently, he was doing well over 2 years later, with no residual neurologic symptoms.

Conclusions:
The case presented demonstrates one option for an otherwise nonreducible odontoid synchondrosis fracture with complete atlantoaxial dislocation: transoral reduction and open posterior instrumentation. This proved to be a practical technique and provided a good clinical result in this case. These injuries are rare, but when they do occur, the examination can be surprisingly subtle given the severity of the injury. Plain films should be scrutinized carefully and advanced imaging obtained when necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
The prevalence of cervical HPV infection and genotype distribution in 856,535 healthy Chinese women: a systemic review
Authors: Yu Yan-Qin , Fu Shi-Lan , Xu Hui-Fang , Wei Meng-Na , Li Zhi-Fang , Zhao Fang-Hui , Qiao Youlin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective: The overall and genotype specific prevalence of HPV infection was assessed among healthy Chinese women and the temporal and geographical prevalence was also estimated. Methods: We selected healthy population studies on HPV prevalence published between Jan 1995 and Dec 2018. It was estimated by meta-analysis based on regions, cytological and histological characters, ages. Results: The overall HPV prevalence in 856,535 healthy women was estimated to be 14.3 % (95%CI: 13.1, 15.5). The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk types of HPV were 11.3% and 2.7 %. The most common types of HPV were HPV 16 (2.6%), 52(2.4%), 58(1.7%), 18(0.9%), 33(0.8%). The prevalence of different genotypes of HPV varied in seven China regions. The Central China had the highest in overall HPV prevalence, high and low-risk HPV prevalence, which reported as19.8%, 15.1% and 4.8%. HPV16(from1.8% to 5.3%) was the most common type in other regions except for South China and East China, where HPV52(from 1.0% to 2.8%) was more common than other types. The HPV infection lead to cervical cancer diagnosis by cytology and histology were 90.1% and 91.5%. HPV16 and HPV 18 were common types in cervical cancer diagnosed by cytology and histology. Overall HPV prevalence increased significantly from 8.2% to 16.5% in studies published from 2006 to 2018. Conclusion: HPV 16, 58, 52, 18 and 33 were the most common types in healthy women in mainland China. The prevalence of different HPV genotypes was varied in various age groups and regions time.
Environmental factors affecting childhood diarrheal disease among under-five children in Jamma District, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia
Authors: Workie Getachew Yismaw , Akalu Temesgen Yihunie , Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Globally, diarrhea is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among <5years children and it contributes for the deaths of approximately one million children every year. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is the second cause of under-five mortality and morbidity. However, in the study area the study was very limited. Therefore, this study was assessed the prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among <5years of age in Jamma district, Northeast Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15 to September 15, 2017 in Jamma district, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia. Using systematic random sampling technique 614 households were selected and a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with diarrheal disease. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength of associations and variables with P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

In this study, the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 23.1% (95% CI: (19.4, 26.5)). Living in rural area (OR:2.75, 95% CI (1.33,5.66)), absence of latrine (OR:4.80, 95% CI (2.39,9.60)), absence of hand washing facility (OR:2.45, 95% CI (1.53,3.93)), unprotected drinking water source (OR:2.68, 95% CI(1.54,4.68)), Improper waste disposal practices (OR:3.86, 95% CI (2.38,6.26)), and source of drinking water, improper waste disposal, and child age were notably associated with childhood diarrheal disease. Therefore, encouraging hand washing practice and proper waste disposal in the district would minimize the burden of diarrheal disease.
Future Study of Health Education System on the Path toward Globalization and Entrepreneurship in Iran, 2028 Horizon
Authors: Rezaee Rita , Ghorbanian Azimeh , Pourmohammadi Kimia , Kojouri Javad , Shieh Hajar , Bordbar Najmeh , Salehi Asiyeh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
introduction

universities play a significantly important role in the development of societies.

Furthermore, they have always been exposed to internal and external changes. Therefore, they are required to adapt themselves to the environment and its conditions in order to meet the needs and realize the values ​​of society. In this regard, Universities of Medical Sciences across the country have attempted to manage their paradigmatic transition to entrepreneurship in order to synchronize with global trends. so, this study aimed to evaluate the futures faced by the higher education system in Iran in the move toward third-generation universities and globalization, using the scenario planning approach.

Methods

In this research, a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods were used, in three phase: I: Identifying the variables affecting the future of medical education, II: Finalizing Key Factors for Prediction and Building Scenarios (Future Estimates), Phase III: Building the Future (Scenario-making)

Results

Five factors, which had high impact and possibility of occurrence, were selected as the final key factors in the movement of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences toward the third-generation university. A: The ability of the system to funding the university B: stabilization of long-term policy-making towards the realization of third-generation university C: the cultural and attitudinal infrastructures of university D: Status of hardware (equipment) and software (educational contents and processes) infrastructures in this regards.

Conclusion

Four compatible scenarios was extracted using the Scenario Wizard Software. 1. quick move toward the third-generation universities 2. opening the wing of e-learning and virtual schools 3. turtle movement 4. alert of moving backward to first-generation universities. It seems that a proper and principled policy-making for moving toward third-generation universities is an essential goal, hence the future of this path must be clarified and a joint vision must be created.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer A549 cells induces HUVECs proliferation and migration through TRPV3 promoting the secretion of VEGF
Authors: li xiaolei , Li Hui feng , Li Zhonghua , Wang Tingting , Yu Dejun , Jin Hongbo , Cao Yonggang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Angiogenesis is vital in the process of primary tumor growth and metastasis. Ca2+ signaling is crucial for tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to detect the potential role of Ca2+ permeable transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) in the angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

Small interfering RNA was used to down-regulate TRPV3 expression in A549 cells. A laser scanning confocal microscope was used to examine intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). HUVECs tube formation and migration assay, Western blot, MTT and ELISA were performed to detect the potential mechanisms of TRPV3 in tumor angiogenesis. A mouse tumor xenograft model was performed to expound the effects of TRPV3 on tumor cell growth.

Results

Inhibition of TRPV3 reduced [Ca2+]i and protein expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in A549 cells. Moreover, HIF-1α depletion decreased the VEGF secretion level and expression. Depletion of TRPV3 inhibits HUVECs proliferation, tube formation and migration induced by conditioned medium. And TRPV3 inhibition could decrease the volume of xenograft tumors, MVD of CD34+ cells. HIF-1α, VEGF and p-CaMKП expression levels in the xenograft tumors of RuR and siTRPV3 groups was reduced.

Conclusions

TRPV3 calcium channel protein may play a key role in NSCLC angiogenesis. TRPV3 could promote the angiogenesis through HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway. Targeting TRPV3 channel protein by novel approaches would be useful for reversing NSCLC angiogenesis.
Delivery of Local Anesthesia: Current Strategies, Safety, and Future Prospects
Authors: Liu Guo-Liang , Bian Wen-Chao , Zhao Peng , Sun Li-Hua 
Published: June 2019

Background:The systemic administration of anesthesia is associated with severe and undesirable side effects such as sedation, vomiting, nausea, allergies, respiratory problems, and neutrophil dysfunction. With the increase in the procedures of limb surgery, cosmetics, facial, skin, and cancer reconstruction, the demand for local anesthesia has increased multifold during the last one decade. Therefore, novel, safe, and cost-effective methods are being developed to deliver local anesthetics by the surgeons.Methods:To prepare a comprehensive research report on anesthesia, we performed a structured literature search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed articles published recently. The studies of different articles were summarized and a deductive qualitative and quantitative data analysis was applied. Subsequently, a comprehensive summary of the analysis was used to frame this review article with ample examples.Results:A thorough analysis of the reports suggested that there have been tremendous developments of synthesizing nanoparticle-based local anesthesia drugs. The active targeting ability of nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategy can further help to deliver the desired anesthetic drug locally. It was also found that different local anesthetic drugs are developed into liposome form and show better efficacy in patients receiving anesthesia.Conclusion:The findings of this review article endorse that safe delivery of anesthesia drugs are essential for the safety of patients. Further, nanotechnology-based strategies are extremely useful for targeted delivery of anesthetic drugs at the required dose without affecting the neighboring tissues.
Comparison Among Five Eucalyptus Species Based on Their Leaf Contents of Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Authors: Nasr Alyaa , Khan Tehmina Saleem , Huang Shi-Ping , Wen Bin , Shao Jian-Wen , Zhu Guo-Ping 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Eucalyptus belongs to the Myrtaceae family. It is the most planted hardwood
forest crop worldwide, representing a global renewable resource of fiber, pharmaceuticals and energy.

Objective:
To compare the five species, E. maidenii, E. robusta, E. citriodora, E. tereticornis and
E. camaldulensis, seeking for the richest source of nutrients and pharmaceuticals.

Methodology:
Eucalyptus samples were subjected to some chemical determinations for both primary
and secondary metabolites to verify their nutritional and pharmaceutical importance related to different
extracts. GC-MS analysis was applied to detect the presence of some individual phenolic constituents
in their leaves.

Results:
E. robusta recorded the maximum contents of carbohydrates (40.07%) and protein (31.91%).
While E. camaldulensis contained the highest contents of total phenolic compounds (46.56 mg/g), tannins
(40.01 mg/g) and antioxidant activities assayed by the phosphomolybednum method (57.60
mg/g), followed by E. citridora. However, E. tereticornis exhibited the highest reducing power ability
(151.23 mg/g). The GC-MS highlighted 20 phenolic constituents and antioxidants which varied in their
abundance in Eucalyptus leaves, 8 individual phenolics (hydroquinone, hesperitin, pyrogallol, resorcinol,
protocatechuic acid, naringenin, chlorogenic acid and catechin) were maximally recorded with E.
camaldulensis and secondly, with E. citridora in case of at least 5 components. Nevertheless, gallic
and quinic acids were more abundant in the leaves of E. tereticornis, which may explain its high corresponding
reducing powers.

Conclusion:
Acetone-water combination has enhanced phenolics extraction from Eucalyptus tissues.
This is the first report aiming to compare between the aforementioned Eucalyptus species highlighting
either their nutritional or medicinal importance.
Simultaneous Determination of Cholecalciferol and 25- Hydroxycholecalceferol in Lipid-based Self-nanoemulsifying formulations and Marketed Product Vi-de 3® by UHPLC-UV
Authors: Aljuffali Ibrahim , Almarri Fahad , Rahman A. F. M. Motiur , Alanazi Fars Kaed , Alkholief Musaed , Kazi Mohsin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The purpose of the current study was to develop a selective, precise, fast economical
and advanced reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC UV)
method and validate it for the simultaneous estimation of cholecalciferol and its analogue 25-
hydroxycholecalciferol in lipid-based self-nano emulsifying formulation (SNEDDS).

Methods:
The chromatographic separation was simply performed on a Dionex® UHPLC systems
(Ultimate 3000, Thermo scientific) by using HSS C18 (2.1x50 mm, 1.8 µm) analytical column. The
elution was carried out isocratically with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and methanol in the
ratio of 50:50 %v/v with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min, followed by the UV detection at 265 nm. The injection
volume was 1µl and the column temperature was maintained at 45°C. FDA regulatory guidelines
were used to develop and validate the method.

Results:
The current developed UHPLC-UV method was found to be rapid (run time 2 min), and selective
with the high resolution of cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (RT=0.530 min & 1.360
min) from different lipid matrices. The method was highly sensitive (Limit of Detection and Lower
Limit of Quantification were 0.13 ppm & 0.51ppm, and 0.15 ppm & 0.54 ppm, respectively). The linearity,
accuracy and precision were determined as suitable over the concentration range of 0.5-50.0 ppm
for both the analytes.

Conclusion:
The proposed UHPLC-UV method can be used for the determination of cholecalciferol
and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in SNEDDS and marketed Vi-De 3® as pure forms (intact) with no interference
of excipients or drug-related substances.
Perspective Design of Chalcones for the Management of CNS Disorders: A Mini-Review
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Parambi Della Grace Thomas , Sivasankarapillai Vishnu Sankar , Uddin Md. Sahab , Suresh Jerad , Mathew Githa Elizabeth , Joy Monu , Marathakam Akash , Gupta Sheeba Varghese 
Published: June 2019

:The development of chalcone-based compounds for CNS disorders has been explored by many research groups. Chalcones are being considered as a potent organic scaffold with widespread applications in the field of drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. The planar or semi-planar geometry of chalcones with various functionalities impinged on the terminal aromatic systems renders the molecule its bio-activity including anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antileishmanial, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive properties, etc. Moreover, cutting-edge research has been executed in the domain of Central Nervous System (CNS) based scheme, further, their identification and classifications also remain of high interest in the field of medicinal chemistry but the specific reviews are limited. Hence, the present review highlights the significance of chalcones toward their CNS activities (up to 2019), which include anti-depressant activity, anxiolytic activity, activity with GABA receptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) inhibitions, activity as adenosine receptor antagonists anti-Alzheimer’s agents, β-amyloid plaques imaging agents, monoamine oxidase inhibition. To our knowledge, this is the first review exclusively for CNS activity profile of chalcones.
Home Videos as a Cost-Effective Tool for the Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Events in Infants: Prospective Study
Authors: Huang Lu-Lu , Wang Yang-Yang , Liu Li-Ying , Tang Hong-Ping , Zhang Meng-Na , Ma Shu-Fang , Zou Li-Ping 
Published: June 2019

Background
The diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants is often challenging. Reasons include the child’s inability to express discomfort and the inability to record video electroencephalography at home. The prevalence of mobile phones, which can record videos, may be beneficial to these patients. In China, this advantage may be even more significant given the vast population and the uneven distribution of medical resources.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the value of mobile phone videos in increasing the diagnostic accuracy and cost savings of paroxysmal events in infants.

Methods
Clinical data, including descriptions and home videos of episodes, from 12 patients with paroxysmal events were collected. The investigation was conducted in six centers during pediatric academic conferences. All 452 practitioners present were asked to make their diagnoses by just the descriptions of the events, and then remake their diagnoses after watching the corresponding home videos of the episodes. The doctor’s information, including educational background, profession, working years, and working hospital level, was also recorded. The cost savings from accurate diagnoses were measured on the basis of using online consultation, which can also be done easily by mobile phone. All data were recorded in the form of questionnaires designed for this study.

Results
We collected 452 questionnaires, 301 of which met the criteria (66.6%) and were analyzed. The mean correct diagnoses with and without videos was 8.4 (SD 1.7) of 12 and 7.5 (SD 1.7) of 12, respectively. For epileptic seizures, mobile phone videos increased the mean accurate diagnoses by 3.9%; for nonepileptic events, it was 11.5% and both were statistically different (P=.006 for epileptic events; P<.001 for nonepileptic events). Pediatric neurologists with longer working years had higher diagnostic accuracy; whereas, their working hospital level and educational background made no difference. For patients with paroxysmal events, at least US $673.90 per capita and US $128 million nationwide could be saved annually, which is 12.02% of the total cost for correct diagnosis.

Conclusions
Home videos made on mobile phones are a cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants. They can facilitate the diagnosis of paroxysmal events in infants and thereby save costs. The best choice for infants with paroxysmal events on their initial visit is to record their events first and then show the video to a neurologist with longer working years through online consultation.
Readability and Quality of Online Information on Osteoarthritis: An Objective Analysis With Historic Comparison
Authors: Murray Kieran Edward , Murray Timothy Eanna , O'Rourke Anna Caroline , Low Candice , Veale Douglas James 
Published: June 2019

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common cause of disability in people older than 65 years. Readability of online OA information has never been assessed. A 2003 study found the quality of online OA information to be poor.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review the readability and quality of current online information regarding OA.

Methods
The term osteoarthritis was searched across the three most popular English language search engines. The first 25 pages from each search engine were analyzed. Duplicate pages, websites featuring paid advertisements, inaccessible pages (behind a pay wall, not available for geographical reasons), and nontext pages were excluded. Readability was measured using Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning-Fog Index. Website quality was scored using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria and the DISCERN criteria. Presence or absence of the Health On the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification, age of content, content producer, and author characteristics were noted.

Results
A total of 37 unique websites were found suitable for analysis. Readability varied by assessment tool from 8th to 12th grade level. This compares with the recommended 7th to 8th grade level. Of the 37, 1 (2.7%) website met all 4 JAMA criteria. Mean DISCERN quality of information for OA websites was “fair,” compared with the “poor” grading of a 2003 study. HONcode-endorsed websites (43%, 16/37) were of a statistically significant higher quality.

Conclusions
Readability of online health information for OA was either equal to or more difficult than the recommended level.
Derivation and Validation of a Novel Risk Score to Predict Overcorrection of Severe Hyponatremia
Authors: Woodfine Jason D. , Sood Manish M. , MacMillan Thomas E. , Cavalcanti Rodrigo B. , van Walraven Carl 
Published: June 2019

Background and objectives
Osmotic demyelination syndrome is the most concerning complication of severe hyponatremia, occurring with an overly rapid rate of serum sodium correction. There are limited clinical tools to aid in identifying individuals at high risk of overcorrection with severe hyponatremia.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We identified all patients who presented to a tertiary-care hospital emergency department in Ottawa, Canada (catchment area 1.2 million) between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2015, with serum sodium (corrected for glucose levels) <116 mmol/L. Overcorrection was determined using 14 published criteria. Latent class analysis measured the independent association of baseline factors with a consensus overcorrection status on the basis of the 14 criteria, and was summarized as a risk score, which was validated in two cohorts.

Results
A total of 623 patients presented with severe hyponatremia (mean initial value 112 mmol/L; SD 3.2). The prevalence of no, unlikely, possible, and definite overcorrection was 72%, 4%, 10%, and 14%, respectively. Overcorrection was independently associated with decreased level of consciousness (2 points), vomiting (2 points), severe hypokalemia (1 point), hypotonic urine (4 points), volume overload (−5 points), chest tumor (−5 points), patient age (−1 point per decade, over 50 years), and initial sodium level (<110 mmol/L: 4 points; 110–111 mmol/L: 2 points; 112–113 mmol/L: 1 point). These points were summed to create the Severe Hyponatremic Overcorrection Risk (SHOR) score, which was significantly associated with overcorrection status (Spearman correlation 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.49) and was discriminating (average dichotomized c-statistic 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.81). The internal (n=119) and external (n=95) validation cohorts had significantly greater use of desmopressin, which was significantly associated with the SHOR score. The SHOR score was significantly associated with overcorrection status in the internal (P<0.001) but not external (P=0.39) validation cohort.

Conclusions
In patients presenting with severe hyponatremia, overcorrection was common and predictable using baseline information. Further external validation of the SHOR is required before generalized use.