bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of foot orthoses prescription habits amongst podiatrists in the UK, Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chapman Lara S. , Redmond Anthony C. , Landorf Karl B. , Rome Keith , Keenan Anne‐Maree , Waxman Robin , Alcacer‐Pitarch Begonya , Siddle Heidi J. , Backhouse Michael R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundFoot orthoses are frequently used but little is known about which types are used in contemporary practice. This study aimed to explore the types of foot orthoses currently used by podiatrists and the prescription variations in a range of conditions.MethodsA web‐based, cross‐sectional survey was distributed through professional bodies in the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, and New Zealand. Questions focussed on foot orthosis prescription habits in relation to 26 conditions affecting the back and lower limb.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty‐four podiatrists practising in 19 different countries completed the survey; the majority practised in the UK (47%, n = 124), Australia (30%, n = 79) and New Zealand (12%, n = 32). Respondents qualified between 1968 and 2016, and 147 (56%) were female. Respondents worked in different healthcare sectors and this varied between countries: 42 (34%) respondents in the UK worked solely in the public sector, compared to 3 (4%) in Australia and 2 (6%) in New Zealand. Forty‐four (35%) respondents in the UK worked solely in private practice, compared to 64 (81%) in Australia and 14 (44%) in New Zealand.UK respondents prescribed more prefabricated orthoses per week (mean 5.5 pairs) than simple insole‐type devices (±2.7) and customised devices (±2.9). Similarly, respondents in New Zealand prescribed more prefabricated orthoses per week (±7.7) than simple (±1.4) and customised (±2.8) devices. In contrast, those in Australia prescribed more customised orthoses per week (±4.4) than simple (±0.8) and prefabricated (±1.9) orthoses. Differences in the types of orthoses prescribed were observed between country of practice, working sector, and the condition targeted. Generally, prefabricated orthoses were commonly prescribed for the 26 highlighted conditions in the UK and New Zealand. Australian podiatrists prescribed far fewer devices overall, but when they did prescribe, they were more likely to prescribe custom devices. Respondents in all three countries were more likely to prescribe customised orthoses for people with diabetes complicated by peripheral neuropathy than for diabetes without this complication.ConclusionsFoot orthosis prescription habits vary between countries. Prefabricated orthoses were frequently prescribed in the UK and New Zealand, and customised orthoses in Australia. Prescriptions for people with diabetes differed depending on the presence of neuropathy, despite a lack of robust evidence supporting these decisions. This study provides new insight into contemporary practice.
One-year molecular surveillance of carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii on a German intensive care unit: diversity or clonality
Authors: Wendel Andreas F. , Malecki Monika , Otchwemah Robin , Tellez-Castillo Carlos J. , Sakka Samir G. , Mattner Frauke 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
A. baumannii is a common nosocomial pathogen known for its high transmission potential. A high rate of carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB)-complex in clinical specimens led to the implementation of a pathogen-based surveillance on a 32-bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a German tertiary care centre.

Methods
Between April 2017 and March 2018, ACB-complex isolates with an epidemiological link to the SICU were further assessed. Identification to the species level was carried out using a multiplex PCR targeting the gyrB gene, followed by RAPD, PFGE (ApaI) and whole genome sequencing (WGS, core genome MLST, SeqSphere+ software, Ridom). Additional infection prevention and control (IPC) measures were introduced as follows: epidemiological investigations, hand hygiene training, additional terminal cleaning and disinfection incl. UV-light, screening for carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii and environmental sampling. Hospital-acquired infections were classified according to the CDC definitions.

Results
Fourty four patients were colonized/infected with one or two (different) carbapenem-susceptible ACB-complex isolates. Fourty three out of 48 isolates were classified as hospital-acquired (detection on or after 3rd day of admission). Nearly all isolates were identified as A. baumannii, only four as A. pittii. Twelve patients developed A. baumannii infections. Genotyping revealed two pulsotype clusters, which were confirmed to be cgMLST clonal cluster type 1770 (n = 8 patients) and type 1769 (n = 12 patients) by WGS. All other isolates were distinct from each other. Nearly all transmission events of the two clonal clusters were confirmed by conventional epidemiology. Transmissions stopped after a period of several months. Environmental sampling revealed a relevant dissemination of A. baumannii, but only a few isolates corresponded to clinical strains. Introduction of the additional screening revealed a significantly earlier detection of carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii during hospitalization.

Conclusions
A molecular and infection surveillance of ACB-complex based on identification to the species level, classic epidemiology and genotyping revealed simultaneously occurring independent transmission events and clusters of hospital-acquired A. baumannii. This underlines the importance of such an extensive surveillance methodology in IPC programmes also for carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii.
How do firms adjust to rises in the minimum wage? Survey evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bodnár Katalin , Fadejeva Ludmila , Iordache Stefania , Malk Liina , Paskaleva Desislava , Pesliakaitė Jurga , Jemec Nataša Todorović , Tóth Peter , Wyszyński Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractᅟWe study the transmission channels for rises in the minimum wage using a unique firm-level dataset from eight Central and Eastern European countries. Representative samples of firms in each country were asked to evaluate the relevance of a wide range of adjustment channels following specific instances of rises in the minimum wage during the recent post-crisis period. The paper adds to the rest of literature by presenting the reactions of firms as a combination of strategies and evaluates the relative importance of those strategies. Our findings suggest that the most popular adjustment channels are cuts in non-labour costs, rises in product prices, and improvements in productivity. Cuts in employment are less popular and occur mostly through reduced hiring rather than direct layoffs. Our study also provides evidence of potential spillover effects that rises in the minimum wage can have on firms without minimum wage workers.JEL ClassificationsD22, E23, J31
The 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series: questions 94–101
Authors:   Cancer Communications
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince the beginning of 2017, Cancer Communications (former title: Chinese Journal of Cancer) has published a series of important questions regarding cancer research and clinical oncology, to provide an enhanced stimulus for cancer research, and to accelerate collaborations between institutions and investigators. In this edition, the following 8 valuable questions are presented. Question 94. The origin of tumors: time for a new paradigm? Question 95. How can we accelerate the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Question 96. Can we improve the treatment outcomes of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through precision medicine guided by a combination of the genetic and proteomic information of the tumor? Question 97. What are the parameters that determine a competent immune system that gives a complete response to cancers after immune induction? Question 98. Is high local concentration of metformin essential for its anti‐cancer activity? Question 99. How can we monitor the emergence of cancer cells anywhere in the body through plasma testing? Question 100. Can phytochemicals be more specific and efficient at targeting P‐glycoproteins to overcome multi‐drug resistance in cancer cells? Question 101. Is cell migration a selectable trait in the natural evolution of carcinoma?
Cumulative risk and protection effect of serotonergic genes on male antisocial behaviour: results from a prospective cohort assessed in adolescence and early adulthood
Authors: Langevin Stephanie , Mascheretti Sara , Côté Sylvana M. , Vitaro Frank , Boivin Michel , Turecki Gustavo , Tremblay Richard E. , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHeritability of antisocial behaviour is estimated at approximately 50% and involves multiple genes.AimsTo investigate the cumulative genetic effects of 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to 11 candidate serotonergic genes and antisocial behaviours, in adolescence and in early adulthood.MethodParticipants were 410 male members of the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based cohort followed up prospectively from age 6 to age 23. The serotonergic genes were selected based on known physiological processes and prior associations with antisocial behaviours. Antisocial behaviours were self-reported and assessed by using semi-structured interviews in adolescence and in adulthood.ResultsCumulative, haplotype-based contributions of serotonergic genes conferring risk and protection for antisocial behaviours were detected by using multilocus genetic profile risk scores (MGPRSs) and multilocus genetic profile protection scores (MGPPSs). Cumulatively, haplotype-based MGPRSs and MGPPSs contributed to 9.6, 8.5 and 15.2% of the variance in general delinquency in adolescence, property/violent crimes in early adulthood and physical partner violence in early adulthood, respectively.ConclusionsThis study extends previous research by showing a cumulative effect of multiple haplotypes conferring risk and protection to antisocial behaviours in adolescence and early adulthood. The findings further support the relevance of concomitantly considering multiple serotonergic polymorphisms to better understand the genetic aetiology of antisocial behaviours. Future studies should investigate the interplay between risk and protective haplotype-based multilocus genetic profile scores with the environment.Declaration of interest:I.O.-M. holds a Canada Research Chair in the developmental origins of vulnerability and resilience.
TBX2 and TBX3 act downstream of canonical WNT signaling in patterning and differentiation of the mouse ureteric mesenchyme
Authors: Aydoğdu Nurullah , Rudat Carsten , Trowe Mark-Oliver , Kaiser Marina , Lüdtke Timo H. , Taketo Makoto Mark , Christoffels Vincent M. , Moon Anne , Kispert Andreas 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The organized array of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and fibroblasts in the walls of visceral tubular organs arises by patterning and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors surrounding the epithelial lumen. Here, we show that the TBX2 and TBX3 transcription factors have novel and required roles in regulating these processes in the murine ureter. Co-expression of TBX2 and TBX3 in the inner mesenchymal region of the developing ureter requires canonical WNT signaling. Loss of TBX2/TBX3 in this region disrupts activity of two crucial drivers of the SMC program, Foxf1 and BMP4 signaling, resulting in decreased SMC differentiation and increased extracellular matrix. Transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that TBX2/TBX3 directly repress expression of the WNT antagonists Dkk2 and Shisa2, the BMP antagonist Bmper and the chemokine Cxcl12. These findings suggest that TBX2/TBX3 are effectors of canonical WNT signaling in the ureteric mesenchyme that promote SMC differentiation by maintaining BMP4 and WNT signaling in the inner region, while restricting CXCL12 signaling to the outer layer of fibroblast-fated mesenchyme.
Art. 21 da LINDB - Indicando consequências e regularizando atos e negócios
Authors: Mendonça José Vicente Santos de 
Published: November 2018

Article 21 of LINDB - Indicating consequences and regularizing public acts and arrangements O artigo pretende auxiliar na interpretação das normas extraídas a partir do art. 21 do Decreto-lei n. 4.567/42 – Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB). De início, o texto contextualiza o art. 21 da LINDB junto ao debate sobre o controle público. Então, indica o que poderiam ser consequências jurídicas e administrativas, e reflete sobre como se poderia indicá-las numa decisão administrativa ou judicial. Em seguida, o artigo cogita sobre o que poderia ser o dever de regularização proporcional, exigido pelo art. 21, par. único, da LINDB. Ao final, são indicados alguns possíveis aspectos polêmicos associados à incidência das normas objeto de estudo. My paper aims helping interpreting article 21 of Decreto-lei n. 4.567/42 – Statute of Introduction to Brazilian Law Norms. At first, I try to integrate article 21 into a broader debate about Government controls. Then, I establish what could be taken as legal and administrative consequences, and reflect on how one could indicate them on a legal opinion. In the next section, I suggest what could be a duty on 'proportional validation' (as that of article 21, paragraph, of Decreto 4.567/42). Lastly, I contend with some of possible problems and difficulties associated with real-world application of article 21 of Decreto-lei n. 4.567/42.
O Art. 28 da LINDB - A cláusula geral do erro administrativo
Authors: Binenbojm Gustavo , Cyrino André 
Published: November 2018

Article 28 of LINDB - The general clause of administrative mistake O escopo deste artigo é elucidar como o art. 28 da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB) pode criar um ambiente de maior segurança jurídica para o administrador público bem intencionado e que quer agir de maneira inovadora, mas sabe que suas ideias e procedimentos podem estar, eventualmente, errados. Tem-se aqui o objetivo de esmiuçar o sentido normativo do dispositivo, seus limites de aplicação e algumas de suas possibilidades. Além disso, afastam-se algumas falácias que estão sendo ditas sobre o dispositivo, aqui tomado como cláusula geral sobre o erro administrativo. The scope of this article is to elucidate how article 28 of the Introductory Law to Brazilian Rules (LINDB) can create an environment of greater legal certainty for the well-motivated public administrator who wants to act innovatively, but knows that his ideas and procedures may be wrong. The objective here is to analyze the meaning of article 28, its limits of application and some of its possibilities. In addition, we present and answer some fallacies that are being said about this new rule, taken as a general clause about administrative error.
Art. 29 da LINDB - Regime jurídico da consulta pública
Authors: Monteiro Vera 
Published: November 2018

Article 29 of LINDB - Legal regime of the public consultation O estudo trata do art. 29 da Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro (LINDB), que trata do regime geral da consulta pública como condição prévia para a edição de atos normativos por autoridade administrativa. O artigo sustenta que realizar consulta pública é um dever. O fundamento é o devido processo legal. The scope of the study is article 29 of the Introductory Law to Brazilian Rules (LINDB), which objective is to create a general regime for the public consultation as a previous condition to the publication of rules by administrative bodies and authorities. The study sustains that it is mandatary to realize public consultation prior to public a new administrative rule. The argument is based on the due process of law.
Art. 30 da LINDB - O dever público de incrementar a segurança jurídica
Authors: Moreira Egon Bockmann , Pereira Paula Pessoa 
Published: November 2018

Article 30 of LINDB - The public duty to increase legal certainty A LINDB constitui um sistema de aplicação do Direito Público, por meio de condicionantes de validade das decisões, lado a lado com respectivos parâmetros de aplicabilidade. O artigo 30, aqui comentado, diz respeito ao dever de instauração e incremento da segurança jurídica por meio do aperfeiçoamento do desenho institucional da ordem normativa. Ele convive com os fenômenos da indeterminação do direito, do impacto do constitucionalismo na atividade decisória estatal e foca no dever de criação de precedentes (lato sensu), como critérios de racionalidade, legitimidade e institucionalidade da atividade decisória pública. LINDB today constitutes a system of application of Public Law, by means of conditioners of validity of the decisions, side by side with parameters of applicability of these same decisions. Article 30, which will be discussed here, concerns the duty to establish legal certainty by improving the institutional design of the normative order. It coexists with the phenomena of the indeterminacy of law, of the impact of constitutionalism on the state's decision-making activity, and thus focuses on the duty to create precedents, like judicial ones, when these are presented as criteria of rationality, legitimacy and institutionality of public decision-making activity, arguments object of this paper.
Polyglutamine toxicity assays highlight the advantages of mScarlet for imaging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Albakri Maram B. , Jiang Yuwei , Genereaux Julie , Lajoie Patrick 
Published: November 2018

Development of fluorescent proteins (FPs) enabled researchers to visualize protein localization and trafficking in living cells and organisms. The extended palette of available FPs allows simultaneous detection of multiple fluorescent fusion proteins. Importantly, FPs are originally derived from different organisms from jelly fish to corals and each FP displays its own biophysical properties. Among these properties, the tendency of FPs to oligomerize inherently affects the behavior of its fusion partner. Here we employed the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine the impact of the latest generation of red FPs on their binding partner. We used a yeast assay based on the aggregation and toxicity of misfolded polyQ expansion proteins linked to Huntington’s disease. Since polyQ aggregation and toxicity are highly dependent on the sequences flanking the polyQ region, polyQ expansions provide an ideal tool to assess the impact of FPs on their fusion partners. We found that unlike what is observed for green FP variants, yemRFP and yFusionRed-tagged polyQ expansions show reduced toxicity. However, polyQ expansions tagged with the bright synthetically engineered ymScarlet displayed severe polyQ toxicity. Our data indicate that ymScarlet might have significant advantages over the previous generation of red FPs for use in fluorescent fusions in yeast.
Continuous positive airway pressure in patients with rapid eye movement (REM)-specific obstructive sleep apnea, a retrospective match-controlled chart review
Authors: Soca Rodolfo , Buchner Erica , Attarian Hrayr 
Published: November 2018

Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) represents 13 to 35% of all OSA cases and is more common in women. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard for treatment of all forms of OSA but we do not know if patients with REM OSA have different pressure requirements than those with non-stage dependent OSA. Methods: This was a retrospective case control study. We first identified individuals with REM OSA and then tried to identify apnea hypopnea index (AHI), gender, and body mass index (BMI) matching controls that had non-stage specific OSA. Individuals were considered to have REM OSA if the REM AHI was greater than 5 events/hour, and the ratio of REM AHI / non-rapid eye movement (NREM) AHI was greater than 2. Demographic variables and the recommended CPAP pressure were analyzed using paired Student’s T-Tests. Results: Our study included a total of 16 individuals with REM OSA and equal number of AHI, gender, and BMI matching controls. Both groups had similar demographic and polysomnographic characteristics. Individuals with REM OSA required similar CPAP pressures as controls (7.5 cm H2O vs 7.4 cm H2O p=0.78). Conclusion: Individuals with REM require similar CPAP pressures as their AHI, gender, and BMI matching controls.
Borneo herbal plant extracts as a natural medication for prophylaxis and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Hardi Esti Handayani , Nugroho Rudy Agung , Kusuma Irawan Wijaya , Suwinarti Wiwin , Sudaryono Agung , Rostika Rita 
Published: November 2018

Background: This study aims to describe the antibacterial and immunostimulant abilities of Boesenbergia pandurata (BP), Solanum ferox (SF) and Zingiber Zerumbet (ZZ) plant extracts to treat and prevent Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens infection on Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Methods: Tilapia (initial weight 15±2 g) were injected intramuscularly (0.1 ml/fish) with a combination of A. hydrophila and P. fluorescens at a density of 1×105 CFU ml-1 of each bacteria. Treatment trials were performed at day 7 post-injection with each combined extract, while the prevention trial was performed by including the combined extract into the diet for six and seven days prior to injection. Various combinations of extract—60 ml SF extract/kg feed with 40 ml ZZ/kg feed (SF60/ZZ40), SF50/ZZ50, BP90/SF10, and BP50/SF50—were mixed with a commercial diet and used in both treatment and prevention trials. Haematological and immunological parameters were performed every week for four weeks. Results: In prevention trials, tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 showed a significant increase of white and red blood cells from weeks 2 to 4. Similarly, significantly increased haematocrit was also found in tilapia fed SF50/ZZ50 in the treatment trial but not in the prevention trial. However, haemoglobin of tilapia in both trials was not affected by any of the various combinations of extract in the diet. Furthermore, phagocytic, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity indexes and survival rate of fish fed with combined extracts were found to be significantly higher than controls. Moreover, the amount of pathogenic bacteria in fish that were fed combined extracts was also lower than the control and was significantly different at week 4. Conclusions: This study indicates that the addition of combined extract into feed has a positive effect on the tilapia's immune system. The SF50/ZZ50 combination appears to improve the innate immune system of tilapia to treat and prevent bacterial infections.