bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Gender and Race Representation Among Authors of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical Trials
Authors: Gros Beatriz , Peraza Jellyana , Bassi Mehak , Sleiman Joseph , Abdelhalim Sara , Park Erica , Wong Serre-Yu , Agrawal Manasi , Grinspan Lauren T , Charabaty Aline 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Female physicians, particularly those from minority populations, are significantly underrepresented in research authorship in gastroenterology. This underrepresentation negatively impacts their career progression. This study analyses gender and race representation trends in published clinical trials in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and associated factors.

Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease clinical trials were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov and www.ibd-eii.com, spanning the years 1955 to 2023. The variable gender was extracted for all authors and race was extracted for first, second, senior, corresponding authors, and principal investigator (PI) using predictive tools and manual verification. Data on authorship, trial characteristics, and sponsorship were collected.

Results
A total of 438 clinical trials involving 5517 authors were analyzed. Females constituted 26.3% of authors, 17.1% of first authors, 6.1% of senior authors, and 24.2% of PIs, with nonwhite individuals representing 12.3% of first authors, 5.9% of senior authors, and 18.8% of PIs. Female representation increased from 1971 to 2023 but remained substantially lower relative to male representation. Industry-sponsored trials had the lowest female author and PI representation while nonindustry, single-center, pediatric, and advanced therapy trials had higher female representation.

Conclusions
This study highlights persistent gender and racial disparities in IBD trial authorship and leadership despite some progress over the decades. Female and nonwhite individuals remain underrepresented, especially in industry-sponsored trials and in senior authorship roles. Systemic interventions are warranted to foster an inclusive and equitable research environment, including mentorship and support for underrepresented groups.
Performance of the Edwards Sapien 3 bioprosthesis in atrioventricular valve position: a case series
Authors: Garretano Alejandra , Abella Raul , Doblas Joaquin Fernández , Catalán Antonio Pamiès , Codina Paola Dolader , Ipiña Ferran Gran , Godoy Laura Marfil , Blasco Pedro Betrián 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The Edwards Sapien percutaneous valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) is a promising therapeutic option for congenital atrioventricular disease mostly because of the possibility to accommodate somatic growth with balloon dilatation.

Case summary
This article reports the performance of the Edwards Sapien 3 valve in atrioventricular valve position in four paediatric patients.

Discussion
Despite aggressive antiplatelet and anticoagulation strategies, most patients showed early bioprosthesis dysfunction, with increasing gradient not related with somatic growth. The decrease in leaflet motility in the absence of thrombosis or pannus could be associated with the low-velocity flow and low-pressure gradient that exists between the atria and ventricles in small children. It is well-known graft lifespan is usually shorter in small children, but we hypothesize the possibility of a second factor that valve design is intended to support higher flow-velocity patterns and can present an early failure in low-flow low-pressure situation. More studies are necessary to provide reliable evidence.
Influence of gingival margin height variation on perceived aesthetics following absent maxillary lateral incisor-canine substitution
Authors: Hershaw Catherine M , Seehra Jadbinder , Johnson Nicola , Slipper Carmel , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Asimakopoulou Koula , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis is often managed with orthodontic space closure and canine substitution. Anatomic gingival margin heights associated with the maxillary anterior teeth are considered important for achieving aesthetic excellence with space closure, but evidence relating to the perceptions of lay people is poor.

Objectives
This study investigated the influence of gingival margin height variation in the maxillary anterior teeth following orthodontic space closure and canine substitution in the absence of maxillary lateral incisor teeth on perceived aesthetics judged by a lay population.

Material and Methods
Images of a case treated with space closure and bilateral canine substitution were digitally modified to create gingival margin height variation for the substituted lateral incisors and canines. Six variations were created, including one conforming to accepted norms for anatomic gingival margin heights. Lay people represented by parents of orthodontic patients ranked the images based on aesthetics, with data analysed statistically using linear models at 5%.

Results
One hundred and twenty responders were included (median age 48.0 years), 50% male and 81.7% Caucasian, with 87% able to provide specific preferences. In absolute terms, the highest-ranking [image C] had substituted lateral incisor gingival margins below the central incisors (considered normal) but substituted canine margins symmetrically below the substituted lateral incisors (considered to be too low); followed by [image D] with symmetrically level gingival margins; and [image F] with asymmetric substituted lateral incisor margins and substituted canine margins symmetrically too low. The lowest-ranked [image E] had normal substituted lateral incisor margins but asymmetric substituted canine margins. Image C was most often ranked first (29.8% of responders) and image E last (22.1%). After adjusting for potential confounding effects, image E received the worse scores.

Conclusions
Anatomic norms for gingival margin height in absent maxillary lateral incisor-canine substitution do not correlate with the highest-ranking aesthetic choices of a lay population. Lateral incisor gingival margins symmetrically below the central incisors and substituted canine margins symmetrically below these ranked highest. Vertical asymmetry in the substituted canine position was considered the least aesthetic.
The ‘roller coaster effect’ in premolar extraction cases: clear aligners vs. straight-wire appliance
Authors: Qian Yuran , Tang Zhenxing , Chen Yao , Song Wanzhong , Zhao Zhihe , Zheng Wei , Li Yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the intractable ‘roller coaster effect’ (RCE) that occurs in premolar extraction cases treated with clear aligner therapy (CAT) or straight-wire appliance (SWA).

Methods
Protrusion cases treated with extraction of bilateral first premolars were included. Pre- and post-treatment cephalograms were obtained to measure the bending angle of occlusal plane (BAOP), namely the occlusal intersection angle between the anterior occlusal plane (AOP) and posterior occlusal plane (POP). BAOP is proposed as the indicator for quantifying RCE in this study.

Results
In the maxillary dentition, BAOP significantly decreased from 177.50 ± 5.57° to 171.10 ± 3.32° in the SWA group (n = 30), and from 178.00 ± 4.66° to 168.10 ± 5.63° in the CAT group (n = 36). In the mandibular dentition, BAOP had no significant change (from 164.90 ± 5.00° to 164.30 ± 6.40°) in the SWA group (n = 29), while significantly decreased from 163.40 ± 6.36° to 155.90 ± 7.48° in the CAT group (n = 37). In the both dentitions, the post-treatment BAOP was significantly smaller in the CAT compared to SWA group. Decrease of BAOP in the CAT group resulted from bending of the AOP rather than POP. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the mandibular canine crown length had a positive correlation with the mandibular post-treatment BAOP.

Limitations
Only two-dimensional cephalometric measurements were conducted.

Conclusions
In premolar extraction cases, CAT undergoes more severe RCE at completion of its first-phase treatment compared to SWA at the end of treatment. Longer mandibular canine crown may mitigate mandibular RCE in CAT.
Digest: Stabilizing selection drives sperm length divergence in promiscuous passerines
Authors: Ottenburghs Jente 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Divergence in gametic traits can play a key role in reproductive isolation. Lifjeld et al. (2025) examined the evolution of sperm length in pairs of songbird populations at various stages along the speciation continuum. Their analyses demonstrated that sperm length diverges more rapidly in species with higher levels of female promiscuity, likely due to stabilizing selection favoring sperm cells that fit within female sperm storage structures. This divergence in sperm length may kickstart speciation in promiscuous songbirds.
An evolutionary perspective for the exposome
Authors: Vineis Paolo , Dagnino Sonia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The exposome was proposed following the realization that most human diseases have an environmental rather than a genetic (hereditary) origin. Non-communicable diseases are, in fact, the consequence of multiple exposures that activate a sequence of stages in a multistage process that already starts in early life. This attracted attention to both the multiplicity (in fact, potentially the totality) of exposures humans are exposed to since conception and to the life-long perspective of disease causation. In this paper, we examine an extension of the exposome concept that incorporates a Darwinian approach based on the concept of phenotypic plasticity. One of the theses is that interpreting exposome science as “precision environmental research” is only a partial interpretation, largely focused on chemical exposures, while a broadening of the perspective is needed, also in light of the planetary crisis. Such broadening involves the incorporation of basic concepts from evolutionary biology and medicine, including the ability of organisms to adapt to rapidly changing environments. We refer in particular to cancer and “Darwinian carcinogenesis.”
Hiding in plain sight: a research parasite’s perspective on new lessons in old data
Authors: Skinnider Michael A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
High-throughput techniques that measure thousands of analytes at once have become ubiquitous features of biological research. The increasing expectation that the raw data generated by these techniques be deposited to public repositories creates rich opportunities for secondary analysis of these datasets. Such opportunities can take multiple forms. As the recipient of the 2023 Junior Research Parasite Award, I was asked to comment on the role of so-called research parasites within the ecosystem of secondary data analysis. Drawing on my own experiences, I discuss mechanisms by which reanalysis of published datasets can catalyze biological discoveries, produce resources that would be impossible to generate within a single laboratory, and drive the refinement of computational methods.
Coseismic slip model and early post-seismic deformation processes of the 2024 M7.5 Noto Peninsula, Japan earthquake revealed by InSAR and GPS observations
Authors: Chen Yunguo , Li Jingwei , Lu Ke , Hu Tenghui 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
On 2024 January 1, an Mw7.5 earthquake ruptured the shallow reverse fault in the Noto Peninsula, which provides opportunities to better constrain the distributed coseismic slip of this earthquake and explore the early post-seismic deformation processes following this earthquake. We first utilized the coseismic displacements to invert the preferred coseismic rupture, including the optimal fault geometry and slip distribution. Our results indicated that the distributed slip mode on the simple fault plane with the dip and strike angles of 35o and 51o of this event is mainly featured by thrust slip. Three main rupture zones with ∼100 km length and 0–20 km depths have averaged slip of ∼3 m and maximum slip of ∼5.2 m, which has a seismic moment of 2.18 × 1020 Nm (Mw7.49). We first estimate the 3-D surface deformation due to the viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle through the finite-element simulation method, and obtain the residual displacements at these GPS stations through removing its deformation effects from the observed post-seismic displacements. Based on the above fault geometry, we then inverted the first 138-day afterslip evolution following this earthquake by fitting the above residual displacements. The afterslip model mainly occurred the gap between two shallow slip asperities, which has a peak slip of up to ∼1.2 m and a seismic moment of 2.36 × 1019 Nm (Mw6.85). A number of aftershocks mainly ruptured on the surroundings of the coseismic slip and afterslip zones, suggesting that the aftershocks are mostly driven by the combined stress changes from the coseismic and post-seismic slip of the fault. The viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust and upper mantle and the afterslips of the fault play the dominant roles in the early deformation processes, which also contribute to the post-seismic surface deformation following this earthquake. We simulate the deformation due to the poroelastic rebound in the top of upper crust. Model results indicate that the poroelastic rebound produces the centimetre-scale surface subsidence in the near-field area within ∼50 km around the hypocentre of the earthquake.
Paleomagnetic inclinations and relative paleointensity variations during the upper Aptian to middle Albian in Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, South Atlantic Ocean (NE Brazil)
Authors: Gewehr de Mello Raquel , Savian Jairo F , Fauth Gerson , Florindo Fabio , Di Chiara Anita , Satolli Sara , Roisenberg Henrique B , Leandro Carolina G , Lopes Camila Trindade , Pontel Caroline A , Frigo Everton , Santos Alessandra , Baecker-Fauth Simone , Bruno Mauro D R , Guerra Rodrigo M , Krahl Guilherme , Kochhann Karlos G D , Lopes Fernando M , Trindade Ricardo I F , Spagnuolo Lilla 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
During the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, Earth's magnetic field experienced a high frequency of polarity reversals. This hyperactivity period is followed by a ∼38 Myr prolonged period of stable normal polarity from the Aptian until the Santonian, known as the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS; chron C34n, from 121.4 to 83.65 Ma). However, the CNS might have been characterized by more variability than previously thought, but the current database is uneven in its spatial and temporal distribution. In this study, we integrate paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic data from the SER-03 sedimentary core, drilled onshore in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, NE Brazilian margin, South Atlantic Ocean. The 183-m cored interval spans 5.2 Myr (114.7–109.5 Ma), including the Aptian–Albian transition. It records the evolution from restricted marine settings to the complete opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. Magnetic remanence and rock magnetic parameters, such as magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization and isothermal remanent magnetization, were measured. Rock magnetic analyses indicated that primary magnetizations were preserved throughout the interval, with detrital magnetite identified as the primary magnetic carrier, predominantly in the pseudo-single domain and low-coercivity states. Normalizations by χ, ARM15mT and IRM15mT were used to determine relative paleointensity curves and were compared to the curve resulting from the pseudo-Thellier method. The SER-03 relative paleointensity record shows marked changes in both intensity and inclination. Inclination instability results are comparable with those found in volcanic rocks from surrounding the region. The high-resolution SER-03 magnetic record revealed that the field variability was higher than expected during the CNS, but remaining substantially lower than during other periods, such as the late Jurassic. The new SER-03 can serve as a dating and correlation tool for coeval records.
An endoplasmic reticulum stress related signature for clinically predicting prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Qiao Enqi , Ye Jiayi , Huang Kaiming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (ER stress) was an important event in the development of breast cancer. We aimed to predict prognosis based on ER stress related key genes.

Methods
Data of the RNA-seq and clinical information of breast cancer cases were downloaded from the TCGA database. A total of 4 genes related with ER stress was identified by the univariate Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. The predictive ability of the ER stress model was evaluated by utilizing Kaplan–Meier curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Moreover, we verified 4 genes expression and its relationship with clinical breast cancer cases in real-world.

Results
4 genes including RNF186, BCAP31, SERPINA1, TAPBP were identified as a prognostic risk score model. Based on that, we found patients of breast cancer had a better survival with low-risk score. And also, ER stress model showed a good diagnostic efficacy with AUC curve. The risk score was significantly associated with patients’ age, T stage and clinical stage. A nomogram was constructed to estimate individual survival. Further GO and KEGG analysis showed our model was related with immune infiltration. Patients of breast cancer with high-risk scores were usually accompanied with poor immune infiltration. It was predicted that high risk group was more sensitive to Vinorelbine, Docetaxel and Cisplatin. At last, we verified the expression of four signature genes using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusion
Our ER stress model performed a valuable prediction on breast cancer patients.
Development of a riboflavin-responsive model of riboflavin transporter deficiency in zebrafish
Authors: Choueiri Catherine M , Lau Jarred , O’Connor Emily , DiBattista Alicia , Wong Brittany Y , Spendiff Sally , Horvath Rita , Pena Izabella , MacKenzie Alexander , Lochmüller Hanns 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) is a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from the disruption of RFVT2- and RFVT3- mediated riboflavin transport caused by biallelic mutations in SLC52A2 and SLC52A3, respectively. The resulting impaired mitochondrial metabolism leads to sensorimotor neurodegeneration and symptoms including muscle weakness, respiratory difficulty, and sensorineural deafness. Although over 70% of patients with RTD improve following high-dose riboflavin supplementation, remaining patients either stabilise or continue to deteriorate. This may be due to the rapid excretion of central nervous system (CNS) riboflavin by organic anion transporter 3 (OAT-3), highlighting the need for alternative or supplemental RTD treatments. Probenecid is a promising therapeutic candidate for RTD due to its known inhibitory effect on OAT-3. Therefore, this study aimed to generate morpholino-mediated knockdowns of human SLC52A3 ortholog slc52a3 in zebrafish larvae for use in therapeutic screening of riboflavin and probenecid. Knockdown of slc52a3 resulted in an RTD-like phenotype indicative of altered neurodevelopment, hearing loss, and reduced mobility. This RTD-like phenotype overlaps with the phenotype of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of slc52a3 in zebrafish, is maintained following slc52a3 morpholino + p53 morpholino co-injection, and is rescued following slc52a3 morpholino + human SLC52A3 mRNA co-injection, indicating specificity of the knockdown. Riboflavin treatment alone ameliorates locomotor activity and hearing ability in slc52a3 morphants. Riboflavin and probenecid co-treatment provides an additional small benefit to hearing but not to locomotion. Our findings demonstrate that this model recapitulates both the RTD phenotype and the riboflavin-responsiveness of RTD patients, and possible therapeutic benefit conferred by probenecid warrants further investigation.
LoBLH6 interacts with LoMYB65 to regulate anther development through feedback regulation of gibberellin synthesis in lily
Authors: Yu Junpeng , Wu Ze , Liu Xinyue , Fang Qianqian , Pan Xue , Xu Sujuan , He Man , Lin Jinxing , Teng Nianjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The homeostasis of gibberellin (GA) is crucial for the normal development of anthers, but its underlying regulatory mechanisms are not clear. The GA induced v-Myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) transcription factor LoMYB65 is involved in anther development. In this study, we screened and identified an interacting protein of LoMYB65, Lilium Oriental Hybrids BEL1-Like Homeodomain6 (LoBLH6). LoBLH6 was localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, and it interacted with LoMYB65 through its BELL domain, exhibiting transcriptional repression activity. LoBLH6 was continuously expressed during anther development, with particularly high expression in the mid and late stages. In situ hybridization revealed high expression of LoBLH6 in the tapetum and microspores, with the same tissue specificity as LoMYB65. Silencing of LoBLH6 in lilies resulted in abnormal anther development, reduced pollen, and increased GA content. The application of GA induced phenotypes in the anthers and pollen of lily that were similar to the silencing of LoBLH6. Further research showed that LoBLH6 directly binds to the promoter of Lilium Oriental Hybrids GA 20-oxidase1 (LoGA20ox1) to suppress its expression, and co-expression with LoMYB65 enhances this repression. Additionally, GA treatment enhanced the interaction between LoBLH6 and LoMYB65 and their complex's inhibitory effect on downstream target genes. During the transition from microspores to mature pollen grains in lily anthers, GA levels maintain a steady state, which is disrupted by silencing LoBLH6, leading to abnormal pollen development. Overall, our results reveal that the interaction between LoBLH6 and LoMYB65 regulates anther development through feedback regulation of GA synthesis.