bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schottky Contact in Monolayer WS2 Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Tang Hao , Shi Bowen , Pan Yuanyuan , Li Jingzhen , Zhang Xiuying , Yan Jiahuan , Liu Shiqi , Yang Jie , Xu Lianqiang , Yang Jinbo , Wu Mingbo , Lu Jing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMonolayer (ML) WS2 is a promising material to be the channel of nanoscale field‐effect transistors (FETs). In ML WS2 FETs, the interfacial properties between ML WS2 and electrodes significantly affect the device performance, due to the possible existence of Schottky barriers at the interface. In this paper, the electronic and transport properties of both the lateral and the vertical interfaces between ML WS2 and six common metals is calculated (Sc, Ti, Ag, Cu, Au, and Pt) by the density functional theory and the quantum transport simulation. n‐type Schottky contact exists with the lateral electron Schottky barrier height (SBH) of 0.28, 0.36, 0.25, 0.46, 1.00 eV for Sc, Ti, Ag, Cu, and Au electrode, respectively, while p‐type Schottky contact exists with the lateral hole SBH of 0.98 eV for Pt electrode. The average pinning factor at the lateral interface obtained from linear fitting to the SBHs and the Schottky–Bardin model is 0.32 and 0.28, respectively, suggestive of a strong Fermi level pinning originating from the metal induced gap states. The work reveals the properties of the lateral interfaces between ML WS2 channels and electrodes theoretically for the first time, providing an instruction to design ML WS2 devices.
Unveiling Excitonic Dynamics in High‐Efficiency Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells to Direct Morphological Optimization for Suppressing Charge Recombination
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Yan Yajie , Honarfar Alireza , Yao Yao , Zheng Kaibo , Liang Ziqi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)‐based organic solar cells (OSCs) have recently drawn considerable research interests; however, their excitonic dynamics seems quite different than that of fullerene acceptors‐based devices and remains to be largely explored. A random terpolymer of PBBF11 to pair with a paradigm NFA of 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene (ITIC) such that both complementary optical absorption and very small offsets of both highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels are acquired is designed and synthesized. Despite the small energy offsets, efficient electron/hole transfer between PBBF11 and ITIC is both clearly observed from steady‐state photoluminescence and transient absorption spectra and also supported by the measured low exciton binding energy in ITIC. Consequently, the PBBF11:ITIC‐based OSCs afford an encouraging power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.02%. Although the good miscibility of PBBF11 and ITIC induces a homogenous blend film morphology, it causes severe charge recombination. The fullerene acceptor of PC71BM with varying loading ratios is therefore added to modulate film morphology to effectively reduce the charge recombination. As a result, the optimal OSCs based on PBBF11:ITIC:PC71BM yield a better PCE of 11.4% without any additive or annealing treatment.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Frey Noelle V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells targeted to CD19 have resulted in unprecedented remission rates for adult and pediatric patients with relapsed and refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). With regulatory approval for tisagenlecleucel and many other agents under active investigation, the use of CAR T cells for ALL continues to expand. While some remissions from anti‐CD19 CAR T cells are durable without a consolidative allogeneic stem cell transplantation, CD19 positive and negative relapses remain a significant concern fueling investigations into the biology of CAR T cell persistence and the development of CARTs that target more than 1 antigen. The treatment related toxicities of cytokine release syndrome and neurologic events are potentially life threatening but recent advances have improved understanding and management strategies. This review summarizes outcomes for patients with ALL treated with CD19‐CAR T cells while exploring the field's challenges and future directions.
Long‐term fostamatinib treatment of adults with immune thrombocytopenia during the phase 3 clinical trial program
Authors: Bussel James B. , Arnold Donald M. , Boxer Michael A. , Cooper Nichola , Mayer Jiri , Zayed Hany , Tong Sandra , Duliege Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies demonstrated responses (≥50 000/μL) to fostamatinib in adults with long‐standing immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). The long‐term safety and efficacy of fostamatinib were evaluated in a follow‐on, open‐label extension (OLE) study. Patients received double‐blind fostamatinib in the randomized trials, and responders continued the same dose, 100 to 150 mg BID, in the OLE study. Nonresponders received 100 mg BID for 4 weeks and could escalate to 150 mg BID at week 4. Endpoints included stable response, platelet count ≥50 000/μL at 4/6 biweekly (randomized trials) or 2/3 monthly visits (OLE), and overall response, ≥1 platelet count ≥50 000/μL during weeks 1 to 12. A total of 146 patients received fostamatinib including 123 in the OLE study. Median treatment duration was 6.7 months. Baseline median ITP duration was 8 years and median platelet count was 16 000/μL; prior treatments included thrombopoietic (TPO) agents (47%), splenectomy (35%), and rituximab (32%). Twenty‐seven (18%) patients achieved a stable response with median duration of >28 months and a median platelet count of 89 000/μL. Sixty‐four (44%) patients achieved an overall response (including stable responders) with a median platelet count of 63 000/μL and a median response duration of >28 months. Twenty‐four of 71 (34%) patients who had failed TPO agents achieved overall responses to fostamatinib. The most common adverse events (AEs) were diarrhea, hypertension, nausea, epistaxis, and abnormal liver function tests. Most AEs were mild/moderate and resolved or were managed with dose reduction, dose interruption, and/or secondary medication. Almost half of the patients achieved an overall response, and most of these maintained their responses for >2 years. No new or increased frequency of AEs was seen at up to 31 months of treatment.
Postnatal ex vivo rat model for longitudinal bone growth investigations
Authors: Abubakar Adamu Abdul , Ibrahim Sahar Mohammed , Ali Ahmed Khalaf , Handool Kareem Obayes , Khan Mohammad Shuaib , Noordin Mustapha Mohamed , Azmi Ibrahim Tengku , Kaka Ubedullah , Mohamad Yusof Loqman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundChondrocytes in the growth plate (GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone growth.MethodsForty‐five postnatal Sprague‐Dawley rat pups, 7‐15 days old were divided into nine age groups (P7‐P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were determined.ResultsThere were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7‐ to 13‐day‐old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age groups.ConclusionEx vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7‐15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95% measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7‐P13 tibia and P7‐P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.
Kinetic Resolution and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Chromene by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroarylation
Authors: Yang Qingjing , Wang Yanbo , Luo Shihui , Wang Jun (Joelle) 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA highly efficient kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution of chromene is reported for the first time and they procced by a rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroarylation pathway. This new approach offers versatile access to various chiral 2,3‐diaryl‐chromanes containing vicinal stereogenic centers, as well as the recovered chiral flavenes, in high yields with excellent ee values (s factor up to 532). Particularly noteworthy is that this strategy can be further extended to the establishment of a dynamic version of the kinetic resolution of chromene acetals and allows complete access to chiral isoflavanes and α‐aryl hydrocoumarins.
Hybride organisch‐anorganische thermoelektrische Materialien und Baueinheiten
Authors: Jin Huile , Li Jun , Iocozzia James , Zeng Xin , Wei Pai‐Chun , Yang Chao , Li Nan , Liu Zhaoping , He Jr Hau , Zhu Tiejun , Wang Jichang , Lin Zhiqun , Wang Shun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOrganisch‐anorganische Hybridmaterialien gelten als neue Kandidaten auf dem Gebiet der thermoelektrischen Materialien. Sie haben ein großes Potenzial, die thermoelektrische Leistung zu verbessern, indem die niedrige Wärmeleitfähigkeit organischer Materialien einerseits sowie der hohe Seebeck‐Koeffizient und die hohe elektrische Leitfähigkeit anorganischer Materialien andererseits genutzt werden. In diesem Aufsatz soll ein Überblick über das Grenzflächen‐Engineering in der Synthese verschiedener organisch‐anorganischer thermoelektrischer Hybridmaterialien sowie über die dimensionale Gestaltung zur Optimierung ihrer thermoelektrischen Eigenschaften gegeben werden. Die Grenzflächeneffekte werden hinsichtlich Nanostrukturen, physikalischer Eigenschaften und chemischer Dotierung zwischen anorganischen und organischen Komponenten betrachtet. Einige Schlüsselfaktoren, die die thermoelektrische Effizienz und Leistung elektronischer Bauelemente bestimmen, werden ebenso diskutiert wie die Wärmeleitfähigkeit, der elektrische Transport, die elektronischen Bandstrukturen und die Bandkonvergenz der Hybridmaterialien.
Inducing Enantioselectivity in a Dynamic Catalyst by Supramolecular Interlocking
Authors: Scholtes Jan Felix , Trapp Oliver 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe design of a new class of fluxional biphenyl bisphosphinite (BIBIPHOS) ligands decorated with amino acid‐based diamide interaction sites is reported that undergo spontaneous desymmetrization. Hydrogenation of prochiral alkenes using Rh‐BIBIPHOS results in enantiomeric ratios of up to 96:4 (R/S). This stereoconvergent behavior of the fluxional BIBIPHOS ligand is triggered by pronounced intermolecular interlocking of the recognition sites, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly, where the axial orientation of the biphenyl ligand backbone is governed by the chirality of the amino acid moieties. Stereoinduction during catalysis is decoupled from this process and occurs as an immediate consequence of the emergent behavior of the ligands. This supramolecular system is very robust and has the potential to be adopted for other ligand designs in enantioselective catalysis.
Polymer Dispersity Control by Organocatalyzed Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Liu Xu , Wang Chen‐Gang , Goto Atsushi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMolecular weight distribution of polymers, termed dispersity (Đ), is a fundamental parameter for determining polymer material properties. This paper reports a novel approach for controlling Đ by exploiting a temperature‐selective radical generation in organocatalyzed living radical polymerization. The polymers with tailored Đ were synthesized in a batch system without the assistance of an external pump. A unique aspect of this approach is that Đ was tuneable from 1.11 to 1.50 in any segment in diblock, triblock, and multiblock copolymers and in any form of star and brush polymer without segmental or topological restriction. This approach is amenable to various monomers and free from metals and thus attractive for applications. The approach also generated polymer brushes on surfaces with tailored Đ. An interesting finding was that the polymer brushes exhibited unique interaction with external molecules, depending on the Đ value.
A Main‐Group Element Radical Based One‐Dimensional Magnetic Chain
Authors: Feng Rui , Zhang Li , Ruan Huapeng , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Wang Xinping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe first main‐group element radical based one‐dimensional magnetic chain (1K)n was realized by one‐electron reduction of the pyridinyl functionalized borane 1 with elemental potassium in THF in the absence of 18‐crown‐6 (18‐c‐6). The electron spin density of (1K)n mainly resides at the boron centers with a considerable contribution from central benzene and pyridine moieties. The spin centers exhibit an antiferromagnetic interaction as demonstrated by magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations. In contrast, the reduction in the presence of 18‐c‐6 afforded the separated radical anion salt 1K(Crown), in which the potassium cation was trapped by THF and 18‐c‐6 molecules. Further one‐electron reduction of 1K(Crown) and (1K)n led to the diamagnetic monomer and polymer, respectively.
Preparation of magnetic Fe3O4/P (GMA‐DVB)‐PEI/Pd highly efficient catalyst with core‐shell structure
Authors: Ma Mingliang , Yang Yuying , Liu Yanyan , Li Wenting , Chen Guopeng , Ma Yong , Lyu Ping , Li Shunhe , Wang Yubao , Wu Guanglei 
Published: February 2019

In this paper, a simple route for palladium (Pd) nanoparticles attached to the surface of hollow magnetic Fe3O4/P (GMA‐DVB)‐polyethyleneimine (PEI) microspheres was established. Due to the large amount of imidogen groups and tertiary amine groups presenting in the PEI, Pd2+ ions could be anchored to the support by complexation with a polyfunctional organic ligand. Thereafter, a magnetic Pd catalyst having a high loading amount and good dispersibility was obtained by reducing Pd2+ ions. Afterwards, the prepared catalyst was characterized by TEM, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, VSM, and UV–vis in detail. Ultimately, their catalytic activity was evaluated using the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). Research showed that the Fe3O4/P (GMA‐DVB)‐PEI/Pd catalyst possessed high catalytic performances for the reduction of 4‐NP with a conversion rate of 98.43% within 540 s. Furthermore, the catalyst could be easily recovered and reused at least for nine successive cycles.
Numerical simulation of flow and heat transfer between supercritical CO2 tube and flue gas
Authors: Wang Ji‐min , Dong Fei‐long , Chen Xue , Gu Ming‐yan , Chu Huaqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo further improve the thermal efficiency of the coal‐fired boiler, lower environment restraints, and minimize key components, the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle was considered to replace the conventional steam Rankine cycle. In this paper, a three‐dimensional mathematical model of the thermal behaviors between the supercritical CO2 tube and flue gas was established using the Lam–Bremhorst k–ε model, the gas real model, and the P‐1 radiation model. The distributions of the velocity and the temperature between the supercritical CO2 tube and flue gas were investigated numerically. Furthermore, the effects of the supercritical CO2 inlet temperature on the thermal behaviors were also examined. The results show the surface heat transfer coefficient goes up with the supercritical CO2 inlet temperature due to the rise of the thermal conductivity. More significant thermal behaviors and detailed physical explanations were elaborated, which would offer a novel insight to understand, design, and optimize the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for engineering applications.
Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Nanoporous Carbon Materials
Authors: Marpaung Freddy , Kim Minjun , Khan Junayet Hossain , Konstantinov Konstantin , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Na Jongbeom , Kim Jeonghun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived nanoporous carbon materials have attracted significant interest due to their advantages of controllable porosity, good thermal/chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, catalytic activity, easy modification with other elements and materials, etc. Thus, MOF‐derived carbons have been used in numerous applications, such as environmental remediations, energy storage systems (i.e. batteries, supercapacitors), and catalysts. To date, many strategies have been developed to enhance the properties and performance of MOF‐derived carbons. Herein, we introduce and summarize recent important approaches for advanced MOF‐derived carbon structures with a focus on precursor control, heteroatom doping, shape/orientation control, and hybridization with other functional materials.
Pathways for a Brazilian biobased economy: towards optimal utilization of biomass
Authors: Lap Tjerk , Benders René , Köberle Alexandre , van der Hilst Floor , Nogueira Larissa , Szklo Alexandre , Schaeffer Roberto , Faaij André 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBiomass is responsible for 25% of the primary energy supply in Brazil. However, future biomass demand will be influenced by many factors. This study evaluates potential pathways for the utilization of biomass in Brazil until 2050, while considering novel biobased sectors (renewable jet fuel and biochemicals), resource competition, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Whereas other least‐cost optimization models assess biobased options to meet energy and chemicals demand in Brazil to a limited extent, this study provides a detailed breakdown of biomass feedstock, including an extensive portfolio of biomass conversion technologies. A least‐cost optimization model is used to assess the demand for energy and chemicals, and the competition between biomass and other climate‐mitigation measures such as renewable power generation technologies, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and energy efficiency. Varied over the three scenarios, 86–96% of the sustainable biomass supply potential is used. Under more stringent mitigation targets, novel biomass conversion technologies start to play an important role: Biobased electricity production with CCS, jet fuel production from lignocellulosic biomass, and chemicals are partly produced from ethanol and bio‐naphtha. The modeling framework provides a transparent view of which type of biomass can be used for which specific purpose. It is therefore an interesting tool for future research, for example to examine the dynamic interaction with demand for land. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA‐200a suppresses prostate cancer progression through BRD4/AR signaling pathway
Authors: Guan Han , You Zonghao , Wang Can , Fang Fang , Peng Rui , Mao Likai , Xu Bin , Chen Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is still considered a significant health care challenge worldwide due in part to the distinct transformation of androgen‐dependent prostate cancer (ADPC) into treatment‐refractory castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Consequently, there is an urgent need to explore novel molecular mechanisms underlying treatment resistance in ADPC. Although numerous studies have alluded to the role of miR‐200a in several cancers, the biological significance of miR‐200a in prostate cancer remains unknown. After performing microarray analysis and reanalysis of the publicly available Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center dataset, miR‐200a expression was found higher in ADPC tissues and its expression was positively associated with survival of CRPC patients. In vitro studies showed that miR‐200a overexpression in CRPC cells markedly suppressed cellular proliferation and facilitated apoptosis. In vivo studies indicated that overexpression of miR‐200a inhibited growth and metastasis of prostate cancer. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that BRD4 is a direct target gene of miR‐200a and it could reverse miR‐200a‐mediated biological effects in prostate cancer cells. Most importantly, our findings indicated that miR‐200a suppresses the progression of CRPC by inhibiting the activation of BRD4‐mediated AR signaling. This finding provides the foundation for the development of more personalized therapeutic approaches for CRPC patients.
Individual celebration of pop music icons: A study of music fans relationships with their object of fandom and associated practices
Authors: Derbaix Maud , Korchia Michaël 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper seeks to identify kinds of relationships fans who celebrate their passion individually might have with their music icons and focuses on a better understanding of the content of these relationship (how these fans interact with their music icon and valuable consumption practices associated). It relies on recent works considering fandom as an intensely personal phenomenon that can occur in the absence of a group or social context. The theoretical background builds on subcultures studies, consumption practices related, and the attachment consumers can develop with celebrities or teams. Through a qualitative study with popular music fans who live their passion independently of any community or subculture, findings underline that some fans can intentionally gravitate more toward an individualized (rather than a collective) celebration of his or her object of fandom and that may result in various consumption practices. Also, this research highlights that being a fan does not necessary involve heavy celebrity worship, both terms being indeed not interchangeable, but can end up by valuable practices for both fans and their object of fandom.
Effects of construal level and need for cognition on consumers' responses to temporally framed benefits
Authors: Youn Seounmi , Kim Hyuksoo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractApplying construal level (CL) theory as a theoretical framework, this study examined the conditions under which temporally framed messages are effective. A 2(temporal framing: near‐future vs. distant‐future rewards) × 2(CL: high vs. low) × 2(need for cognition: high vs. low) between‐subjects design was employed. Data from two online experiments showed that consumers generated more favorable responses to the ad when the temporal distance matched consumer CL. Low‐construal consumers, either chronic or primed, were found to prefer product information framed with near‐future rewards. This CL temporal match effect appeared for consumers high in need for cognition only. Further, the matched message enhanced consumers' perception of message quality and this perceived message quality mediated the effect of the CL temporal match on consumer responses to the ad. Theoretical and managerial implications were discussed.