bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture in the military population from 2006 to 2015: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fraser John J , A Zellers J , K Sullivan C , F Janney C 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAchilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a serious musculoskeletal injury that results in substantial functional decline, especially in highly physically demanding occupations such as service in the military. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of ATR in US military service members.MethodsThe Defence Medical Epidemiology Database was used to identify all diagnosed ATR in military personnel from 2006 to 2015. The prevalence of ATR was calculated and compared by year, service branch and military rank. Unadjusted and adjusted assessments of risk were calculated.ResultsOfficers incurred 15 978 episodes at a prevalence of 7.43/1000 (male: 8.11/1000; female: 3.89/1000). Among enlisted personnel, there were 59 242 episodes of ATR that occurred at a prevalence of 6.23 episodes per 1000 (male enlisted: 6.49/1000; female enlisted: 4.48/1000). Apart from enlisted aviation specialists (where there was no significant difference in risk between men and women), both female officers and enlisted service members had significantly lower risk of ATR compared with their male counterparts in all occupations (prevalence ratio (PR): 0.26–0.73). Aviation and service officers demonstrated significantly lower risk of ATR episodes (PR: 0.87–0.91) and administration, operations, intelligence and logistic officers demonstrated increased risk (PR: 1.16–1.31) compared with ground and naval gunfire officers. Among enlisted specialties, all but mechanised/armour and combat engineers had significantly higher risk of ATR risk compared with infantry (PR: 1.14–2.13), with the highest risk observed in the administration, intelligence and communication fields.ConclusionsATR was ubiquitous in the US military, with multiple risk factors identified, including male sex, older age, rank, military occupation and service branch. These findings highlight the populations that can most greatly benefit from preventive screening and care.
The Role of B Cells in Solid Tumors
Authors: Silva Harrison , Sherwin Delaney , Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya 
Published: November 2024

A surge of recent studies have identified B cells as pivotal contributors to shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) within solid tumors. B cells can both directly and indirectly antagonize tumor growth via antibody production, antigen presentation, and cytokine secretion, potentially through the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures. However, certain B cell states have demonstrated the ability to promote tumor growth via immunoregulatory mechanisms such as the production of immunosuppressive cytokines and the expression of immune checkpoints, both of which dampen T cell–dependent antitumor responses. Here, we discuss the dichotomy of B cell function in solid tumors, underscoring both the pro- and antitumor roles that B cells play in the TME. Furthermore, we summarize ongoing efforts to reprogram protumorigenic B cells and/or to promote the activity and abundance of effector B cells as potential immunotherapy approaches in solid tumors.
Zang Siwei Qingfei Mixture Alleviates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats: Integrated Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics
Authors: Lei Si , Wu Shangjie 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal condition characterized by poor control of pulmonary hemodynamics and vascular development. Zang Siwei Qingfei mixture (ZSQM) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of ZSQM for treating PAH remains unclear.Methods: A PAH rat model was established after monocrotaline (MCT) injection, and pulmonary hemodynamic features and pathological changes were evaluated. The candidate targets of ZSQM against PAH were discovered using network pharmacology. Then, molecular docking was used to validate the discovered key targets. Moreover, serum metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites. The metabolomics and network pharmacology integrated network was constructed.Results: ZSQM alleviated MCT‐induced pulmonary vascular injury and vascular remodeling. We found ZSQM core component chrysin and six hub genes according to network pharmacology, including CYP2C19, CASP8, PTK2, VEGFA, FLT4, and TNNI3. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities between key targets and chrysin. Meanwhile, western blotting results validated significant changes in the expression of these key targets. Subsequently, we confirmed that chrysin existed in the ZSQM by HPLC–MS. In addition, a total of 19 metabolites with potential significance were identified to be implicated in the therapeutic mechanisms of ZSQM. The further integrated analysis indicated an interconnection between these key targets, their related core metabolites (12(S)HETE, ascorbate, succinate, vitamin C, and L‐arginine), and metabolic pathways.Conclusion: The study, employing metabolomics and network pharmacology, has concluded that ZSQM has the potential to enhance the treatment of PAH by targeting multiple pathways and molecular targets. This finding suggests that ZSQM could serve as a promising alternative therapy for PAH.
The circRNA cEMSY Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Boosts Immunotherapy Efficacy in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Yijian , Song Xuming , Feng Yipeng , Qian Yuxian , Chen Bing , Zhang Te , Wang Hui , Chen Yuzhong , Yu Xinnian , Ding Hanlin , Li Rutao , Ge Pengfei , Xu Lin , Dong Gaochao , Jiang Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) induces an active immune response. Activating ICD represents a potential approach to boost the antitumor activity of immunotherapy, highlighting the need to identify effective and safe ICD inducers. In this study, we identified a conserved, ICD-related circular RNA cEMSY by systematically screening ICD models induced by multiple cell stressors in lung adenocarcinoma. cEMSY triggered ICD in lung adenocarcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and promoting T-cell cross-priming by dendritic cells. Notably, the intratumoral delivery of lipid nanoparticle–encapsulated cEMSY induced a potent antitumor immune response in an immunosuppressed tumor model, which synergized with PD-1 blockade to facilitate long-term antitumor immunity with no apparent toxicities. Mechanistically, cEMSY mediated mitochondrial aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 that enabled leakage of mitochondrial DNA to stimulate the cGAS–STING pathway, activating the antiviral immune response. Clinically, elevated expression of cEMSY correlated with enhanced infiltration of dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells and favorable immunotherapy response in lung adenocarcinoma. Together, these findings support the dual potential of cEMSY as a target and biomarker for improving immune checkpoint inhibitor responses in lung adenocarcinoma.
Significance: cEMSY is a safe and effective immunogenic cell death inducer that synergizes with PD-1 blockade in lung adenocarcinoma, providing a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
Targeting T-Cell Costimulation to the Surface of Tumor Cells
Authors: Eguren-Santamaría Iñaki , Sanmamed Miguel F. , Molero-Glez Paula , Perez-Gracia Jose Luis , Melero Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Bispecific agents targeting tumor-cell surface antigens and activating receptors on T lymphocytes are being developed for solid tumors. Effective and safe strategies depend on target specificity and at least relative tumor-tissue confinement of T-cell activation. Novel evidence suggests that constructs targeting HER2 on tumor cells with the aim of providing costimulation (signal 2) to T lymphocytes via cluster of differentiation 137 (4-1BB) are safe and can meaningfully invigorate antitumor responses in a proportion of patients.
See related article by Piha-Paul et al., p. 288
Kinetics of Nirogacestat-Mediated Increases in B-cell Maturation Antigen on Plasma Cells Inform Therapeutic Combinations in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Shearer Todd , Comstock Melissa , Williams Rex L. , Johnson Mark C. , Cendrowicz Ewa , Leonowens Cathrine , Smith Margaret , Baughman Todd M. , Breitbach Caroline J. , Cheng Shinta , Green Damian J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is the target of several investigational and approved drugs for multiple myeloma. BCMA expressed on plasma cells (PC) and multiple myeloma cells is cleaved by the enzyme γ-secretase, reducing membrane-bound BCMA (mbBCMA) receptor density. γ-Secretase inhibitors (GSI) have been shown to increase mbBCMA density and may enhance efficacy of BCMA-targeted therapies. The pharmacodynamic profile of the GSI nirogacestat was evaluated in multiple myeloma cell lines and a phase I study in healthy volunteers. In multiple myeloma cell lines, mbBCMA density and soluble BCMA concentrations were measured before and after short-duration nirogacestat exposure and at serial time points following washout. In the phase I study, 23 participants were administered a single oral dose of nirogacestat 50, 150, or 300 mg or repeated doses of 100 mg every 12 hours for up to 48 hours; mbBCMA density on PCs (from whole blood and bone marrow) and nirogacestat plasma concentrations were measured at baseline and postdose. After single-dose administration, serum nirogacestat concentrations rapidly increased (Tmax ∼1 hour), and a two-compartment model with linear absorption and clearance best described nirogacestat pharmacokinetics. In multiple myeloma cells and healthy volunteers’ PCs, nirogacestat resulted in rapid and robust increases in mbBCMA density, with increases up to 20-fold within 4 to 8 hours of exposure. Concomitant decreases in soluble BCMA were observed. Nirogacestat is currently being evaluated in combination with several BCMA-directed therapeutic agents in patients with multiple myeloma. Elucidating the kinetics of BCMA in response to nirogacestat is key to guiding dosing and therapeutic strategies in multiple myeloma.

Significance:
GSIs can enhance multiple myeloma therapies targeting BCMA by increasing mbBCMA on plasma cells. In response to the GSI nirogacestat, mbBCMA rapidly and robustly increased in vitro and in vivo. Elucidating nirogacestat’s effects on BCMA kinetics will guide potential multiple myeloma dosing strategies.
Personality dimensions in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
Authors: Mazza Valeria , Pacchiarotti Giulia , Strinati Claudia , Carlini Alessandro , Mather Jennifer A. , Carere Claudio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding the origin, universality, and maintenance of among-individual variation in behaviour is a current focus of behavioural ecology and comparative psychology. Research on animal personality emphasising the central role of the individual contributes to conservation efforts and animal welfare by tailoring guidelines and interventions at the individual level. Cephalopods are understudied in this respect, despite being the only invertebrate group currently included in international directives for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Here, we assessed among-individual variation in behavioural responses (i.e., animal personality) of 21 common octopuses (Octopus vulgaris) temporarily kept in captivity. We performed a battery of tests across three different experimental contexts, namely a Startle test, a Foraging test, and a Disturbance test, each repeated for four consecutive days, adapting established protocols from other cephalopods. Behavioural variables were moderately repeatable. Results of a principal component analysis revealed a three-component structure, with components we labelled Alertness, Exploration, and Boldness. The components were also moderately repeatable. The components Exploration and Boldness predicted each other across experimental contexts, suggesting a behavioural syndrome. Overall, findings indicate marked individual differences in common octopuses, and provide evidence of personality dimensions in a widely used animal model in neurophysiology and cognition. Our findings thus contribute to the study of the evolution of personality structure from a comparative perspective, and may help individual-level welfare refinement.
Navigating Admissibility Before the European Court of Human Rights for Lesbian and Gay Human Rights Defenders
Authors: Hamilton Frances , Alagic-Bowder Naida 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years the rise of populist right-wing governments across Europe has led to concerns about infringements to lesbian and gay rights. Brave individuals bring cases against their states to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to test state compliance with the European Convention on Human Rights. It is argued in this article that strict admissibility criteria before the ECtHR poses particular difficulties for lesbian and gay applicants. Specifically, the admissibility requirements of being (1) an individual victim, (2) to disallow anonymous applications and (3) to have suffered a ‘significant disadvantage’ are more challenging for lesbian and gay applicants to fulfil. It is concluded that enabling Representative Actions would provide greater possibilities for such individuals.
Differences in xylem and phloem structure in living stumps of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.)
Authors: Gričar Jožica , Drolc Miha , Prislan Peter , Šircelj Helena 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Living stumps reported in many tree species were the first, circumstantial evidence of root grafting. Although stump overgrowth has been extensively studied in various tree species, anatomical observations have mainly focused on the xylem part. Here, we investigated the xylem and phloem structure in living stumps of two conifer species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). The mechanism of wound closure was similar in the two species, however, there were differences in the structure of wound tissues in wood and bark. Immediately after the injury, a callus consisting of parenchymal cells was formed, followed by wound-wood with wide increments. In addition, the wood structure and morphology of tracheids were changed. Tracheids lost their typical elongated and tapering structure; instead, numerous crooked and forked tracheids were present. Traumatic resin canals were present in both species but were more abundant in P. abies, which also had normal resin canals. While the structure of the xylem growth rings eventually normalized in both species, the width of the annual xylem increments was diminished. In both species, the typical structure of annual phloem increment was lost in the non-collapsed phloem and sclereids were very abundant in the collapsed phloem. In A. alba, the collapsed phloem was rich in swollen parenchyma cells containing blue-stained contents, while in P. abies, numerous large traumatic resin canals were conspicuous. The study showed that similar patterns of vascular tissue restoration exist in A. alba and P. abies in response to tree felling. However, there are certain species-specific peculiarities in the wood and phloem anatomical response, which might affect long-term stump functioning and survival.
Evaluation of New Mental Health Diagnoses After Pediatric Traumatic Injuries at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center
Authors: Wallace Marshall W. , Iantorno Stephanie E. , Moore Zachary J. , Colton Bryan Tate , Keeshin Brooks , Swendiman Robert A. , Russell Katie W. 
Published: November 2024

Background Traumatic injury is associated with significant mental health morbidity. To evaluate the need for implementation of active-post injury mental health screening at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma center, we aimed to characterize all new mental health diagnoses after injury and evaluated for patient or injury factors that may aid in targeting of future screening. Methods A single-center retrospective analysis of trauma patients aged 6-18 years presenting in 2022 was performed. Our primary outcome was a new DSM-5 mental health diagnosis documented after traumatic injury. Patients with and without a new mental health diagnosis were compared by age, sex, race, ethnicity, injury type/mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and length of stay (LOS). Results 492 patients were included. Their median (IQR) age was 13.5 (10.4, 15.4) years. The median (IQR) follow-up interval was 157 (9, 429) days. There were 24 (4.9%) children with a new mental health diagnosis: 12 (50%) with trauma-related stress disorders, with the remaining having diagnoses such as depressive or anxiety disorders. Patients with a new mental health diagnosis had longer LOS (3.0 [1.8, 7.5] vs 2.0 [1.0, 3.3] days, P = 0.02) and were more likely to have sustained penetrating injury ( P = 0.01). There were no differences in demographics, rates of preexisting mental health diagnosis or area deprivation index ( P > 0.05). Discussion There were fewer new mental health diagnoses in our cohort than expected, likely underestimating the acute need. Comprehensive post-injury screening is imperative to sufficiently identify and intervene upon mental health morbidity after pediatric trauma.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Subjective Well-Being Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Social Support
Authors: Zhang Zhanjia , He Zhonghui , Qi Xin , Zhang Xiaoyuan 
Published: November 2024

Subjective well-being is a key concept in positive psychology and is associated with a variety of physical and mental health outcomes. Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable health behavior that has been identified as a potential correlate of subjective well-being. However, the underlying mechanisms that connect PA to subjective well-being are not well-understood. This study aimed to examine the association between the PA and various components of subjective well-being in college students, and to determine if social support mediated this association. A total of 1158 college students (46.3% female, mean age = 19.75 years) voluntarily completed a set of questionnaires measuring PA, life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and social support in a single-wave assessment. Three sets of mediation analyses were conducted (employing bootstrapping techniques with 10,000 samples), with life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect serving as the dependent variables, PA as the independent variable, and social support as the mediator. The findings revealed that the relationships between PA, subjective well-being, and social support differ by the component of subjective well-being. While no association was detected between PA and negative affect, increased PA led to enhanced social support, which in turn contributed to higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect. As social support was found to mediate the relationship between PA and subjective well-being, future interventions are suggested to foster supportive social environments and develop effective strategies to modify the social experience of PA to maximize their benefits in enhancing subjective well-being.
Racial Disparities in 30 Day Outcomes Following Total Laryngectomy
Authors: Ferraro Tatiana , Ahmed Abdulla K. , Niermeyer Weston L. , Lee Esther , Thakkar Punam , Joshi Arjun S. , Sataloff Robert T. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Despite the growing literature on racial disparities in the utilization of total laryngectomy (TL), and survival following the treatment of laryngeal cancers, there is a paucity of research in TL cohorts evaluating disparities in the immediate postoperative setting. Methods: In a national multi-institutional cohort, TL cases between 2010 and 2021 were identified using relevant Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Logistic regression analyses investigated the association between race/ethnicity and adverse outcomes within 30 days postoperatively. Results: This study consisted of 1493 patients who underwent TL with or without radical neck dissection. Black patients underwent free flap and pedicled flap reconstruction more frequently than their counterparts ( P = .023) and exhibited a 1.532 times higher odds of surgical complications ( P < .001). Conclusions: There are increased rates of surgical complications in Black patients undergoing TL. Given the limited oncologic and socioeconomic variables available through National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, future study of disparate postoperative outcomes in this population is recommended.
Association between selenium biomarkers and insulin resistance in women with obesity: A case–control study
Authors: Soares Tamires da Cunha , Cardoso Bruna Emanuele Pereira , Dias Thaline Milany da Silva , Morais Jennifer Beatriz Silva , Fontenelle Larissa Cristina , Melo Stéfany Rodrigues de Sousa , Santos Loanne Rocha dos , de Sousa Thayanne Gabryelle Visgueira , Sousa Mickael de Paiva , Oliveira Francisco Erasmo , Henriques Gilberto Simeone , Cardoso Barbara Rita , Marreiro Dilina do Nascimento 
Published: November 2024

Background Although literature demonstrates controversial results regarding the association between selenium and glucose metabolism, no studies have specifically targeted a population with obesity even though this group is vulnerable to insulin resistance. Aim To evaluate the association between selenium biomarkers and insulin resistance in women with obesity. Methods This case–control study recruited 84 women with obesity and 129 with healthy weight (control). Selenium intake was assessed by 3-day food record. Selenium concentration in plasma, erythrocyte, and urine was assessed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Serum glucose, insulin, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assessed in a fasting blood sample. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta Cell Function (HOMA-β) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance were calculated according to standard methods. Results Women with obesity had higher dietary selenium intake in comparison to the control group ( p < 0.001). Further, the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations were lower in individuals with obesity ( p < 0.001), while selenium in urine was higher ( p < 0.001) than in controls. No significant differences in insulin resistance markers were observed between groups. Selenium intake was positively associated with HOMA-β in both groups. In women with obesity, selenium intake was also positively associated with insulin and HbA1c, while in the controls the clearance of selenium was negatively associated with insulin and HbA1c. There was a positive correlation between dietary selenium intake, fasting insulin, HbA1c, and HOMA-β ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Women with obesity present impaired selenium metabolism. Further, we observed an association between dietary selenium and markers of insulin resistance, which may reflect the possible negative action of selenium on insulin signaling.