bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Jarak Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung (Zea mayz.L) Pada Tingkat Umur Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) [The Effect Spacing of Growth and Yield Corn (Zea mayz.L) of The Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Grade Aged]
Authors: Nur M , Nln Asrul , Nln Raffiudin 
Published: April 2019

<p>The research spacing of corn growth and yield of the palm oil various aged is to know the effect of the spacing, palm oil grade aged, and interaction. The research was conducted in Central Mamuju regency. West Sulawesi from July to October, 2016<em>.</em> Experiments in the form of RAK 1 factor , the treatment is spacing of 50 cm x 25 cm, 60 cm x 25 cm and 70 cm x 25 cm, performed on palm oil aged 1.5 years, 2.5 years, 3.5 years and without palm oil, and repeated 3. The result showed for 70 cm x 25 cm is the best for all grade aged. The best especially in general for, relative growth rate ( 9.93 g. plant-<sup>2</sup>.week<sup>- 1</sup> ), grain yield (5.58ton ha<sup>-1</sup>) of corm of aged 2.5 yr palm oil and there is interaction</p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p class="Default">Penelitian pengaruh jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung pada tingkat umur kelapa sawit dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan tingkat umur kelapa sawit serta interaksi antara jarak tanam dan tingkat umur kelapa sawit terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah Propinsi Sulawesi Barat, dari bulan Juli sampai Oktober tahun 2016. Percobaan dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok 1 faktor, perlakuannya adalah jarak tanam 50 cm x 25 cm, 60 cm x 25 cm dan 70 cm x 25 cm. Perlakuan dilakukan pada kelapa sawit umur 1,5 tahun, 2,5 tahun dan 3,5 tahun dan tanpa kelapa sawit, dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Jarak tanam 70 cm x 25 cm terbaik pada semua tingkat umur, dan jagung pada kelapa sawit umur 2,5 tahun secara umum terbaik, terutama pada laju tumbuh relatif (9,93 g tan<sup>2</sup>.minggu<sup>-1</sup>) , hasil biji pipilan (5,58 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>), dan ada interaksi.</p>
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERKOSAAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF MORALITAS
Authors: Agustanti Rosalia Dika 
Published: April 2019

Darurat tindak pidana perkosaan menjadi perhatian bahwa harus dicari penyebab seseorang melakukan tindak pidana perkosaan. Terjadinya tindak pidana perkosaan di tengah masyarakat mengidentifikasikan, bahwa korban demi korban terus berjatuhan dengan kerugian dan penderitaan yang sangat besar, maka bagaimana bentuk pertanggungjawaban pidana pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan untuk menguji penerapan kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif yang berlaku. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan menelaah semua undang-undang dan regulasi yang bersangkut paut dengan isu hukum yang sedang ditangani dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach), pendekatan ini beranjak dari pandangan-pandangan dan doktrin-doktrin yang berkembang di dalam ilmu hukum. Supaya orang bermoral baik, suatu perbuatan manusia harus sesuai dengan norma moralitas dalam tiga hal yaitu menurut hakikatnya, motifnya dan keadaannya. Ketidaksesuaian terhadap salah satu dari ketiganya menyebabkan perbuatan moral salah. Hal ini menjadi penyebab tindak pidana perkosaan di masyarakat semakin sering tejadi. Mengenai pertanggungjawaban pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan, supaya dapat dipidana, maka pelakunya haruslah memenuhi unsur-unsur sebagaimana dalam Pasal 285 KUHP. Jika salah satu dari kehendak atau maksud dan pengetahuan terdakwa tidak dapat dibuktikan, maka tidak ada alasan bagi penuntut umum untuk menyatakan terdakwa terbukti mempunyai kesengajaan dalam melakukan tindak pidana perkosaan, dan Hakim akan memberi putusan bebas dari tuntutan hukum bagi terdakwa. Dari sekian banyak penyebab terjadinya tindak pidana perkosaan, kesemuanya terjadi karena lingkungan seseorang tinggal, beradaptasi bahkan berkembang. Perkembangan seseorang menunjukkan kualitas atas dirinya, hal yang sangat mempengaruhi ialah moralitas seseorang.
Integrating Model Uncertainty in Probabilistic Decline-Curve Analysis for Unconventional-Oil-Production Forecasting
Authors: Hong Aojie , Bratvold Reidar B. , Lake Larry W. , Ruiz Maraggi Leopoldo M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDecline-curve analysis (DCA) for unconventional plays requires a model that can capture the characteristics of different flow regimes. Thus, various models have been proposed. Traditionally, in probabilistic DCA, an analyst chooses a single model that is believed to best fit the data. However, several models might fit the data almost equally well, and the one that best fits the data might not best represent the flow characteristics. Therefore, uncertainty remains regarding which is the “best” model. This work aims to integrate model uncertainty in probabilistic DCA for unconventional plays.Instead of identifying a single “best” model, we propose to regard any model as potentially good, with goodness characterized by a probability. The probability of a model being good is interpreted as a measure of the relative truthfulness of this model compared with the other models. This probability is subsequently used to weight the model forecast. Bayes' law is used to assess the model probabilities for given data. Multiple samples of the model-parameter values are obtained using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with Monte Carlo simulation. Thus, the unique probabilistic forecasts of each individual model are aggregated into a single probabilistic forecast, which incorporates model uncertainty along with the intrinsic uncertainty (i.e., the measurement errors) in the given data.We demonstrate and conclude that using the proposed approach can mitigate over/underestimates resulting from using a single decline-curve model for forecasting. The proposed approach performs well in propagating model uncertainty to uncertainty in production forecasting; that is, we determine a forecast that represents uncertainty given multiple possible models conditioned to the data. The field data show that no one model is the most probable to be good for all wells.The novelties of this work are that probability is used to describe the goodness of a model; a Bayesian approach is used to integrate the model uncertainty in probabilistic DCA; the approach is applied to actual field data to identify the most-probable model given the data; and we demonstrate the value of using this approach to consider multiple models in probabilistic DCA for unconventional plays.
Revascularization of Acute Stent Thrombosis after Carotid Artery Stenting in Clopidogrel Resistance Patient
Authors: Wang Pian , Wei Wei , Wang Yan , Li Zheng , Zhang Qingbin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) is an alternative strategy to prevent ischemic stroke in patients who are at high-risk of surgery compared with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) .Acute carotid stent thrombosis (ACST) was extremely rare, but devastating complication after CAS. Academically, it occurred within 30 days after CAS. There are several reasons causing ACST, such as inadequate antiplatelet therapy, early discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy, clopidogrel resistance, hypercoagulable state, local vessel dissection, vasospasm, intimal injury, and so on. Although successful recanalization cases were reported, however, there is still a lack of experience in the choice of treatment methods and the timing of ACST treatment, especially when the patient has clopidogrel resistance. We are here to provide a case that successfully revascularization after ACST in patient with evidenced clopidogrel resistance, which was further confirmed by genetic testing. In our case, both thrombus aspiration and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist (GPIs) were used for recanalization. Also, we review the literature and discuss appropriate treatment strategies for this deadly and rare event.
Paraspinal amyotrophy in DNM-2-related centronuclear myopathy
Authors: Kakiuchi Kensuke , Unoda Kiichi , Nakajima Hideto , Nishino Ichizo , Arawaka Shigeki 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background
Dynamin 2-related centronuclear myopathy (DNM2-CNM) is a rare congenital myopathy, and clinically, slowly progressive muscle weakness in the distal or proximal limbs, calf muscle atrophy, and pes cavus are features that are highly suggestive of DNM2-CNM. We experienced a case of DNM2-CNM who exhibited marked paraspinal amyotrophy on CT and showed a mutation in the GTPase effector domain (GED) of DNM2.
Case presentation
A 50-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of lumbar pain and slow progression of foot weakness. He showed bilateral pes cavus. Electromyography revealed a myopathic pattern, and nerve condition velocities and amplitudes were normal. Muscle CT showed marked fat replacement in the posterior compartment of the lower extremities, and also demonstrated severe involvement of the erector spinae muscles. Muscle biopsy from quadriceps femoris showed nuclear centralization in the majority of fibers. Sequence analysis of Dynamin 2 (DNM-2) demonstrated heterozygous c.1948G>A (p.E650 K) mutation compatible with the diagnosis of DNM2-CNM.
Conclusions
This case suggests that marked paraspinal amyotrophy may be a characteristic feature of DNM2-CNM. The selective involvement of the erector spinae muscles and posterior compartment of the lower extremities could offer a valuable feature for the diagnosis of DNM2-CNM.
Application of concomitant disease scoring in acute cerebral infarction
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Jing , Li Qun-Xi , Liu Ying , Chang Li-Sha , Chen Rui-Ying , Fan Hai-Yan , Zheng Fu-Xia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the predictive value of concomitant disease scoring for the prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods: A total of 399 patients with ACI, who met the inclusion criteria, were enrolled into the present study. The concomitant disease score was assessed within 24 hours after admission, and the risk degree of death was analyzed. Then, the goodness of fit test and validity analysis were carried out, the best survival/death cut-off value was determined, and its predictive value for the prognosis of ACI patients was assessed. Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the concomitant disease score was 0.700, the distinctiveness was relatively good, and the prediction cut-off value was 10 points. Furthermore, the mortality rate of patients with a higher score was significantly higher, when compared to patients with a lower score. Conclusion: This concomitant disease score has good predictive value for the prognosis of ACI patients, and is an ideal system for evaluating the condition of cerebral infarction. The survival/death cut-off value was 10 points.
Traffic Police Officers’ Experience of Post-crash Care to Road Traffic Injury Victims: A Qualitative Study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Lukumay Gift G. , Mkoka Dickson A. , Outwater Anne H. , Ndile Menti L. , Saveman Britt-Inger 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Recently, road traffic injuries (RTIs) have become a major health problem affecting health systems in many low- and middle-income countries. Regardless of whether an ambulance is available for evacuation, police officers have been shown to arrive at the crash scene first, becoming, in effect, the first responders to RTI victims. The experiences of traffic police officers who have provided care to RTI victims in the prehospital environment was therefore the focus of the present study.

Method

The study used a qualitative approach in which data were obtained from 10 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions. Data were collected in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania, in three phases from December 2017 to June 2018 by means of an interview guide designed by the researchers. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse all the materials.

Results

Three themes emerged from the analysis. The theme “Maintain safety while saving injured victims’ lives and facilitating access to a health facility” was comprised of safety, sorting, initial help, and assisting access to hospital care. “Overwhelmed working with limited resources and support” included limited care and transport resources, police fatigue, and little or no support. “Improving supportive system and empowering frontline personnel” included the need for an emergency care system, availability of resources and an emergency medical support system, and training for police and drivers regarding victims’ first-aid care, and road safety.

Conclusion

The study findings characterize an environment in which the police first responders have no knowledge or skills and no equipment and supplies to provide care to RTI victims at the scene before rushing them to definitive care. The results suggest a favorable climate for training and equipping police officers so that they can deliver competent postcrash care at the scene while emergency medical services are yet to be established. However, more research will be needed to determine the efficacy of such training and its acceptability in the Tanzanian context.
HOSENG trial – Effect of the provision of oral self-testing for absent and refusing individuals during a door-to-door HIV testing campaign on testing coverage: protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial in rural Lesotho
Authors: Amstutz Alain , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Khesa Lefu , Muhairwe Josephine , Nsakala Bienvenu Lengo , Tlali Katleho , Bresser Moniek , Vanobberghen Fiona , Kopo Mathebe , Kao Mpho , Klimkait Thomas , Battegay Manuel , Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Glass Tracy Renée 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND
HIV testing coverage remains below the targeted 90% despite efforts and resources invested. Home-based HIV testing is a key approach endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), especially to reach individuals who might not seek testing otherwise. Although acceptance of test-ing during such campaigns is high, coverage remains low due to absent household members. This cluster-randomized trial aims to assess increase in testing coverage using oral HIV self-testing (HIVST) among individuals who are absent or decline testing during home-based HIV testing.

METHODS
The HOSENG (HOme-based SElf-testiNG) trial is a cluster-randomized, parallel group, superiority trial in two districts of Lesotho, Southern Africa. Clusters are stratified by district, village size, and village access to the nearest health facility. Cluster eligibility criteria include: village is in catchment area of one of the study facilities, village authority provides consent, and village has a registered, capable and consenting village health worker (VHW). In intervention clusters, HIV self-tests are provided for eligible household members who are absent or decline HIV testing in presence of the campaign team. In control clusters, standard of care for absent and refusing individuals applies, i.e. referral to health facility. The primary outcome is HIV testing coverage among individuals 12 years and older within 120 days after enrolment. Secondary objectives include HIV testing coverage among other age groups, and uptake of the different testing modalities. Statistical analyses will be conducted and reported in line with CONSORT guidelines. HOSENG trial is linked to VIBRA (Vil-lage-Based Refill of ART) trial. Together, they constitute the GET ON (GETting tOwards Ninety) research project.

DISCUSSION
The HOSENG trial tests if oral HIVST may be an add-on during door-to-door testing campaigns towards achieving optimal testing coverage. The provision of oral self-test kits, followed up by VHWs, requires little additional human resources, finances and logistics. If cost-effective, this approach will inform home-based HIV testing policies not only in Lesotho, but in similar high-prevalence settings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03598686) on July 25, 2018. More information under www.getonproject.wordpress.com.
Retinal Function determined by Flicker ERGs before and soon after Intravitreal Injection of Anti-VEGF Agents
Authors: Terauchi Gaku , Shinoda Kei , Sakai Hiroyuki , Kawashima Makoto , Matsumoto Soichi , Mizota Atsushi , Miyake Yozo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the retinal function before and soon after an intravitreal injection of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.
Methods: Seventy-nine eyes of 79 patients that were treated by an intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), or retinal vein occlusion (RVO) with macular edema (ME) were studied. The RETeval® system was used to record 28 Hz flicker electroretinograms (ERGs) from the injected and non-injected eyes before (Phase 1, P1), within 2 hours after the injection (P2), and 2 to 24 hours after the injection (P3). Patients were grouped by disease or by the injected agent and compared. The significance of the changes in the implicit times and amplitudes was determined by t tests.
Results:
The amplitudes were not significantly different at the three phases. The implicit time of the injected eye was 31.2±3.2 msec at P1, and it was not significantly different at P2 (31.7±3.1 msec) but it was significantly longer at P3 (32.2±3.3 msec, P<0.01, ANOVA for both). The implicit time in the non-injected fellow eye was 30.5±3.3 msec at P1, and it was significantly longer at P2 (31.1±3.2 msec) and phase 3 (31.3±3.4 msec, P<0.01, ANOVA for both).
Conclusions: The results indicate that an intravitreal anti-VEGF injection will increase the implicit times not only in the injected eye but also in the non-injected eye soon after the intravitreal injection.
Preparation of the intestine for colonoscopy of women with reproductive system pathology
Authors: Stoletova T. A. 
Published: April 2019

Aim: to evaluate the efficacy of Picoprep for colonoscopy preparation in women with pelvic pathology.Patients and methods: during the period from January 2018 to December 2018 in the Federal State Budgetary Institution «National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after V.I.Kulakov’’ of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 873 diagnostic video-colonoscopies were performed on women of reproductive age (from 23 to 41 years of age) in the surgical department of the Department of Operational Gynecology and General Surgery. Macrogol and Picoprep were used in preparation for the study. 512 (58.7%) of the total number of performed colonoscopies were performed after colon preparation with Picoprep.Results: quality of colon preparation with Picoprep: excellent – 168 (32.7%), good – 275 (53.7%), satisfactory – 66 (13%), unsatisfactory – 3 (0.6%).Conclusion: The effectiveness of Picoprep does not differ from the quality of preparation with the use of alternative preparations of Macrogol, but significantly exceeds them in tolerability by patients.
Decolorization effect and related mechanism of atmospheric pressure plasma jet on Eriochrome Black T
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Liu Jinren , Wu Yueming , Gao Lingge , Ma Yan , Xu Guimin , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Longlong , Li Miao , You Li , Shi Xingmin , Yuan Wang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this study, Eriochrome Black T (EBT) in water was decolorized by means of argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ), which showed great decolorization performance. The results showed that the relatively high decolorization rate (approximately 80%) was obtained after plasma treatment for 6 min. Changes to some reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in the liquid phase were detected. The contents of peroxide, HO·, O2−·, and NO· in the plasma-treated EBT solution were much less than those in the activated water. The roles of H2O2 and HO· in the decolorization of EBT solution were explored by evaluating the effects of their scavengers, and by exploring the direct effect of H2O2. The results indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially HO· and O2−·, played significant roles in the decolorization of the EBT solution. Analysis of degradation by-products indicated that plasma discharge could destroy the azo bond first and gradually break the aromatic rings of EBT molecules into small molecular compounds.
Expression, Purification, and in vivo Evaluation of GFP-Fused M Cell Targeting Receptor Binding Domain of Protein FimH
Authors: Nguyen-Thi Thanh-Hoa , Huynh Kien-Quang , Dinh-Thi Phuong-Linh , Tran Linh-Thuoc , Jang Yong-Suk , Tran-Van Hieu 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The number of oral vaccines is still limited due to many difficulties
suffered in the intestinal environment, such as mucosal clearance, vast area, harsh conditions,
deteriorative enzymes, impermeability, tolerance, etc. Numerous strategies have focused on
directing antigen to the receptors of M cells, which is the main gateway to acquire and initiate
specific responses to antigens in intestine. FimHrb is a receptor binding domain of type 1 of
fimbriae from E. coli and Salmonella that can bind to GP2 receptor expressed exclusively on M
cells.

Objective:
In this study, we evaluated the potential of FimHrb for oral vaccine development via its
ability to adhere M cells.

Methods:
The coding gene of FimHrb fused Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) was cloned and
expressed intracellularly in E. coli host strain. The recombinant protein FimHrb-GFP was then
purified by IMAC method through 6x His tag designed downstream of GFP. Finally, the purified
protein was monitored its binding on murine M cells in Payer Patch region.

Results:
Following the methods mentioned above, the coding gene FimHrb-GFP was successfully
cloned into vector pET22b and intracellularly expressed in soluble form at low temperature
induction. The purity and the recovered yield of this protein were 90% and 20%, respectively. After
that, the adhesion of FimHrb-GFP was monitored in murine small intestine, which showed that the
protein bound to Peyer Patch region and did not restrict on M cells.

Conclusion:
With the present data, we revealed a candidate protein FimHrb targeted receptor on M
cells for oral vaccine development and other factors in E. coli would supplement FimH to provide
the specific invasion of these bacteria via M cells.
Beneficial Effects of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Activator Dize in Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Kangussu Lucas Miranda , de Almeida Tatiane Cristine S. , Prestes Thiago Ruiz R. , de Andrade De Maria Marilda Luz , da Silva Filha Roberta , Vieira Maria Aparecida Ribeiro , Silva Ana Cristina Simões e , Ferreira Anderson José 
Published: April 2019

Background:Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) 2 is an important modulator of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) and the RAS plays a central role in renovascular hypertension. Very few studies investigated the role of components of the counterregulatory RAS axis (ACE2, Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor) in renovascular hypertension and the results are controversial.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE) administration on renal function and renal inflammation parameters in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Methods:Male Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: sham-operated animals, 2K1C+saline and 2K1C+DIZE orally (1 mg/kg/day). At the end of the 30 days of treatment, renal function was analyzed and kidneys from all the groups were collected and processed separately for measurement of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, cytokines, chemokines and nitric oxide levels.Results:Oral DIZE administration for 4 weeks in hypertensive rats attenuated renal dysfunction and reduced the levels of MPO and NAG, cytokines and chemokines (IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1) and increased urinary nitrate/nitrite levels in 2K1C hypertensive rats.Conclusion:Our findings showed that ACE2 activation may effectively improve renal alterations and inflammation induced by renovascular hypertension.