bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention results in reduced ischemic myocardium and improved outcomes
Authors: Sawant Abhishek C. , Bhardwaj Aishwarya , Banerjee Kinjal , Jobanputra Yash , Kumar Arnav , Parikh Parth , Kandregula Krishna C. , Poddar Kanhaiya , Ellis Stephen G. , Nair Ravi , Corbelli John , Kapadia Samir 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine if fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention (FFR‐guided PCI) is associated with reduced ischemic myocardium compared with angiography‐guided PCI.BackgroundAlthough FFR‐guided PCI has been shown to improve outcomes, it remains unclear if it reduces the extent of ischemic myocardium at risk compared with angiography‐guided PCI.MethodsWe evaluated 380 patients (190 FFR‐guided PCI cases and 190 propensity‐matched controls) who underwent PCI from 2009 to 2014. Clinical, laboratory, angiographic, stress testing, and major adverse cardiac events [MACE] (all‐cause mortality, recurrence of MI requiring PCI, stroke) data were collected.ResultsMean age was 63 ± 11 years; the majority of patients were males (76%) and Caucasian (77%). Median duration of follow up was 3.4 [Range: 1.9, 5.0] years. Procedural complications including coronary dissection (2% vs. 0%, P = .12) and perforation (0% vs. 0%, P = 1.00) were similar between FFR‐guided and angiography‐guided PCI patients. FFR‐guided PCI patients had lower unadjusted (14.7% vs. 23.2%, P = .04) and adjusted [OR = 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34–0.98)] risk of repeat revascularization at one year. FFR‐guided PCI patients were less likely (23% vs. 32%, P = .02) to have ischemia and had lower (5.9% vs. 21.1%, P < .001) ischemic burden (moderate‐severe ischemia) on post‐PCI stress testing. Presence of ischemia post‐PCI remained a strong predictor of MACE [OR = 2.14 (95%CI: 1.28–3.60)] with worse survival compared to those without ischemia (HR = 1.63 (95% CI: 1.06–2.51).ConclusionCompared with angiography‐guided PCI, FFR‐guided PCI results in less repeat revascularization and a lower incidence of post PCI ischemia translating into improved survival, without an increase in complications.
Gut metabolites associated with pH and antioxidant capacity during in vitro colonic fermentation of Mexican corn products
Authors: Zamora‐Gasga Victor M. , Álvarez‐Vidal Carlos , Montalvo‐González Efigenia , Loarca‐Piña Guadalupe , Vázquez‐Landaverde Pedro A. , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. , Tovar Juscelino , Sáyago‐Ayerdi Sonia G. 
Published: February 2018

Background and objectivesFood is the major factor driving the metabolism of the gut microbiota. In Mexico, nixtamalized corn products are widely consumed. Changes in antioxidant capacity (AOX) in 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), pH values, short‐chain fatty acid concentration, and relative metabolite production during in vitro colonic fermentation of indigestible fractions (IF) isolated from Istmo Totopos (ITs), baked corn tortillas (BCTs), and traditional corn tortillas (TCTs) were analyzed.FindingsThe consumption of one piece (10 g) of any corn product may potentially maintain appreciable colonic antioxidant status (above 60 mmol TE) until 48 hr of fermentation. A portion of 10 g of corn products produces similar concentrations of acetic (3,050.43–4,181.47 mM), propionic (1,904.78–2,975.18 mM), and butyric acid (1,458.14–2,873.47 mM) at 12 hr of fermentation. Forty‐six volatile compounds were also detected by solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME–GC–MS), and six principal components were identified. Positive correlations were found between DPPH, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid.ConclusionsOur results suggest the colonic fermentation potential to increase bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity hence suggesting improved gut health. Additional studies are required to evaluate their in vivo effects.Significance and noveltyThe study of traditional corn products will facilitate a better understanding of the potential health‐promoting impact of the interactions between indigestible components of the Mexican diet and the gut metabolites.
A Novel Post‐Synthesis Modification of CuO‐CeO2 Catalysts: Effect on Their Activity for Selective CO Oxidation
Authors: Papavasiliou Joan , Rawski Michał , Vakros John , Avgouropoulos George 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCopper oxide nanoparticles were dispersed onto the surface of ceria nanorods, while a post‐synthesis modification was applied to the reference sample using ammonia solutions. The modified catalysts were characterized with a variety of analytical techniques, providing useful information on the effect of the Cu:NH3 ratio, employed in the modification step, on the physicochemical properties. Re‐dispersion of the active copper species under extremely basic conditions promoted the reducibility and the oxygen mobility of the catalyst, thus resulting in a more active and selective catalyst for preferential CO oxidation.
Iron‐Doped Nickel Phosphide Nanosheets In Situ Grown on Nickel Submicrowires as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Li Yunming , Sheng Guoqing , Xu Lu , Ye Huangqing , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Sun Rong , Wong Ching‐Ping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTens of micrometers long metallic Ni submicrowires with a diameter of approximately 200 nm are prepared by a chemical reduction method under a magnetic field. Fe‐doped Ni2P nanosheets are then in situ grown on Ni submicrowires by a simple wet‐chemical reaction followed by a low‐temperature phosphorization process. The (Ni0.87Fe0.13)2P–Ni composite exhibits the highest catalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution among all the as‐prepared (Ni1−xFex)2P–Ni catalysts, delivering a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of only 257 mV and keeping high stability over 10 h electrolysis. These exceptional activities are attributed to the unique structure combining metallic Ni submicrowires as good electronically conductive substrate and the in situ grown Fe‐doped Ni2P nanosheets. Specifically, Fe incorporation leads to strong electron interactions between Ni, Fe, and P, fast reaction kinetics, small charge‐transfer resistance, and a large electrochemical surface area, which are responsible for the excellent catalytic performance.
Controlling Photoconductivity in PBI Films by Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Draper Emily R. , Archibald Lewis J. , Nolan Michael C. , Schweins Ralf , Zwijnenburg Martijn A. , Sproules Stephen , Adams Dave J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPerylene bisimides (PBIs) self‐assemble in solution. The solubility of the PBIs is commonly changed through the choice of substituents at the imide positions. It is generally assumed this substitution does not affect the electronic properties of the PBI, and that the properties of the self‐assembled aggregate are essentially that of the isolated molecule. However, substituents do affect the self‐assembly, resulting in potentially different packing in the formed aggregates. Here, we show that the photoconductivity of films formed from a library of substituted PBIs varies strongly with the substituent and demonstrate that this is due to the different ways in which they pack. Our results open the possibility for tuning the optoelectronic properties of self‐assembled PBIs by controlling the aggregate structure through careful choice of substituent, as demonstrated by us here optimising the photoconductivity of PBI films in this way.
Study on the HPLC‐based separation of some ezetimibe stereoisomers and the underlying stereorecognition process
Authors: Zhu Bolin , Yao Yaqi , Zhao Yu , Sun Tiemin , Li Qing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe enantioseparation of ezetimibe stereoisomers by high‐performance liquid chromatography on different chiral stationary phases, ie, 3 polysaccharide‐based chiral columns, was studied. It was observed that cellulose‐based Chiralpak IC column exhibited the best resolving ability. After the optimization of mobile phase compositions in both normal and reversed phase modes, satisfactory separation could be obtained on Chiralpak IC column, especially in normal phase mode. The use of prohibited solvents as nonstandard mobile phase gave rise to better resolution than that of standard mobile phases (n‐hexane/alcohol system). In addition, the presence of ethanol in nonstandard mobile phase has played an important role in enhancing chromatographic efficiency and resolution between ezetimibe stereoisomers. Various attempts were made to comprehensively compare the chiral recognition capabilities of immobilized versus coated polysaccharide‐based chiral columns, amylose‐based versus cellulose‐based chiral stationary phases, reversed versus normal phase modes, and standard versus nonstandard mobile phases. Moreover, possible solute‐mobile phase‐stationary phase interactions were derived to explain how stationary and mobile phases affected the separation. Then the method validation with respect to selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, and robustness was carried out, which was demonstrated to be suitable and accurate for the quantitative determination of (RRS)‐ezetimibe impurity in ezetimibe bulk drug.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Vitamin D3 Analogues Containing an Ether or Thioether Linker as Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors
Authors: Wen Jiachen , Hadden M. Kyle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is critical for embryonic patterning and postembryonic tissue regeneration. Constitutive pathway activation has also been linked to human malignancies such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and medulloblastoma; therefore, multiple small‐molecule scaffolds that inhibit Hh signaling are in development. Previously, Grundmann's alcohol, also known as the “northern region” of vitamin D3 (VD3), has been identified as a moderate Hh pathway inhibitor. In this study, isomers of Grundmann's alcohol with different orientations of the C4 hydroxy group and C3α proton were investigated to determine the optimal configuration for this hexahydroindane scaffold with respect to Hh inhibition. A series of analogues containing Grundmann's alcohol linked to a substituted phenyl or benzyl ring through an ether or thioether linker were synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐Hh activity. Of these, analogue 17 ((1R,3aR,4R,7aR)‐1‐[(R)‐1,5‐dimethylhexyl]‐4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)‐7a‐methyloctahydro‐1H‐indene) demonstrated potent anti‐Hh activity in Hh‐dependent BCC cells and did not activate canonical vitamin D receptor signaling, demonstrating its selective nature for the Hh signaling pathway.
How Inert are Osmium−Ligand Bonds? A Combined Thermal, Photochemical and Electrochemical Case Study With a Click Tripodal Ligand
Authors: Klein Johannes , Albold Uta , Suntrup Lisa , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe first examples of osmium(II) complexes of the type [Os(L)(dmso)Cl]+ (L=tripodal ligand) are reported. Photoactivation is shown to be a convenient route for performing ligand substitution reactions in such complexes. Photochemical bond activation works where thermal and electrochemical routes fail. Drastic differences are presented in the reactivity of the Os complexes with the pyridine‐containing ligands versus the triazole‐containing ligands. A detailed experimental and theoretical investigation into photochemical bond activation reactions is presented.
3D Global Heat Transfer Model on Floating Zone for Silicon Single Crystal Growth
Authors: Han Xue‐Feng , Liu Xin , Nakano Satoshi , Harada Hirofumi , Miyamura Yoshiji , Kakimoto Koichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a three‐dimensional global heat transfer model to describe the floating zone of silicon single‐crystal growth is proposed. The steady‐state calculations considering argon gas flow, feed rod, silicon melt and crystal are carried out using open source software OpenFOAM with no assumptions of symmetry. From the global calculation, a three dimensional solid‐liquid interface has been obtained. Furthermore, the cooling effect of gas flow in three dimensions is considered, and the three‐dimensional current‐density distribution of the inductor is calculated. By considering the asymmetrical electromagnetic field induced by the inductor, the calculations reveal a deflection of the asymmetrical solid‐liquid interface.
MoS2 Quantum Dots‐Modified Covalent Triazine‐Based Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Sun Long , Bi Jinhong , Liang Shijing , Li Liuyi , Yu Yan , Wu Ling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMoS2 quantum dots (QDs)‐modified covalent triazine‐based framework (MoS2/CTF) composites are synthesized through an in situ photodeposition method. MoS2 QDs are well distributed and stabilized on the layers of CTFs by coordination of the frameworks to MoS2. The QDs–sheet interactions between MoS2 and CTFs facilitate interfacial charge transfer and separation. As a consequence, the composites exhibit outstanding photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm), that exceed those over pristine CTFs and MoS2‐modified g‐C3N4 (MoS2/g‐C3N4) composite, making them promising materials for solar energy conversion.
How do we ensure the future of our discipline is vibrant? Student reflections on careers and culture of ecology
Authors: Hansen Winslow D. , Scholl Joshua P. , Sorensen Amanda E. , Fisher Kelsey E. , Klassen Jessica A. , Calle Leonardo , Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Kortessis Nicholas , Kucera Dion C. , Marias Danielle E. , Narango Desiree L. , O'Keeffe Kayleigh , Recart Wilnelia , Ridolfi Elizabeth , Shea Monika E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEcology must attract and retain diverse talented people to produce innovative research and relevant solutions to 21st‐century environmental problems. Careers and culture form the foundation of scientific advancement, and substantial progress has been made over recent decades in both realms. Yet, important challenges persist in expanding career paths, inclusion of underrepresented groups, and communication with the public. The ESA Student Section organized a horizon scanning exercise to address the following goals: (1) to identify challenges that 21st‐century ecologists contend with or expect to contend with in careers and outreach to society, (2) to anticipate opportunities to help ecologists meet challenges, and (3) to identify concrete steps that could be taken by individual laboratories, institutions, and the ESA to foster progress. In spring 2016, the ESA Student Section solicited input from student members and organized a working group to assess the state of the discipline and to envision how we might cultivate a more inclusive and effective community. We identified three major challenges. First, PhDs are produced faster than academic positions become available and disconnects between academia and other sectors may keep early‐career ecologists from realizing the breadth of available positions. We propose an online jobs hub to make non‐academic sectors more accessible to ecologists. We also suggest students develop skills portfolios to prepare for non‐academic positions. Second, the composition of people who are ecologists differs from broader society, partially due to implicit biases and institutional barriers. We propose steps to reduce attrition of diversity in ecology that include countering implicit biases and creating mentorship networks. We offer steps to improve recruitment by increasing awareness of ecology among high school students and undergraduates and providing opportunities to engage in ecological research. Finally, ecology is only relevant if the public perceives it to be. We must improve science communication and begin cultivating trust. We propose that ad hoc communication by all ecologists is insufficient; translational ecologists should be hired in every department and formal training in translational ecology is necessary. We hope this paper catalyzes critical thinking and partnerships among students, professional ecologists, and the ESA to ensure the future of ecology is vibrant.
How robust are popular beta diversity indices to sampling error?
Authors: Schroeder P. Jason , Jenkins David G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBeta diversity (β) is used in biogeography, ecology, and conservation to assess the heterogeneity of local communities. Ideally, researchers could include sensitivity to error in the list of reasons to choose a β index. However, only numerical undersampling has been rigorously studied. This study compared multiple β indices to determine which are most robust to geographic undersampling, numerical undersampling, and taxonomic error using simulated landscapes. For these landscapes, eight β indices were chosen to represent families of β and used to measure real and errant data. Six indices used both presence–absence and abundance data, while two more used only abundance data. Six of the abundance‐based indices had adjusted versions for individual undersampling, and these versions were also evaluated (total = 14 indices). Presence–absence‐ and abundance‐based indices were comparable in sensitivity to total method error. Numerical undersampling and taxonomic error generally caused more error in β than randomly distributed geographic undersampling. Among presence–absence‐based indices, Jaccard's dissimilarity was the most robust to error overall, while β‐3 was the most robust among narrow‐sense measures. Among abundance‐based indices, Bray‐Curtis and BDTOTAL were the most robust to error. Some commonly used β indices (e.g., Sorensen, Simpson) are relatively unreliable given errors of taxonomy or numerical undersampling. Future studies of β should focus on using more robust indices (Jaccard, Bray‐Curtis, BDTOTAL), and past studies based on error‐sensitive indices should be considered with caution. Studies of β should emphasize adequate numerical sampling and taxonomic accuracy to minimize errors in β.
Fluvial network topology shapes communities of native and non‐native amphipods
Authors: Alther Roman , Altermatt Florian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHabitat connectivity crucially influences dispersal of organisms. It is especially seen as an important driver of the spatial structuring of biological communities in ecosystems that have intrinsic and general connectivity patterns, such as the universal dendritic structure of fluvial networks. These networks not only define dispersal of native species, but also represent corridors of biological invasions, making understanding network topology effects on invasion dynamics and subsequent diversity patterns of high interest. We studied amphipod community diversity and structure in the upper 27,882‐km2 drainage basin of the river Rhine in Central Europe, focusing on differences between native and non‐native species. Overall, species richness increased along the network from headwaters to the outlet nodes. We found, however, contrasting patterns of native and non‐native amphipod richness along the network, with headwater nodes representing refugia for native species and more downstream nodes being hotspots of biological invasions. Importantly, while species turnover (β‐diversity) of native species increased with distance between nodes in the network, this was not the case for non‐native species, indicating a much lower dispersal limitation of the latter. Finally, the overall amphipod community structure closely mirrored the topological modularity of the network, highlighting the network's imprint on community structure. Our results underpin the importance of connectivity for community formation and the significance of rivers for biological invasions and suggest that empirically observed matches of diversity patterns in rivers predicted by null models are the long‐term outcome of species invasions and species sorting.
Behavior of new hydroxyapatite/glucan composite in human serum
Authors: Borkowski Leszek , Lübek Tomasz , Jojczuk Mariusz , Nogalski Adam , Belcarz Anna , Palka Krzysztof , Hajnos Mieczysław , Ginalska Grazyna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiomaterials for bone tissue regeneration, including polymer‐based composites, are typically evaluated in vitro prior to the clinical trials. However, such composites tested in vivo may behave different due to the specific body conditions. For example, some composites implanted into the tissue acidified due to transient postoperative inflammation may unexpectedly swell which delays the wound healing. Such massive swelling in acidic medium was previously observed for new elastic hydroxyapatite (HAp)/β‐glucan biomaterial. However, in further clinical cases concerning the composite implantation in patients without significant inflammation indicators, no side effects were observed. Therefore, it was reasonable to test the effect of human serum of neutral pH (typical for noninflamed tissues) on the composite parameters, in particular volume changes. Thus, this article shows the characterization of physicochemical parameters of the composite after incubation (5 days) in human serum of neutral pH by means of weight and volume measurement, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, microcomputed tomography, mercury intrusion, and biochemical techniques. Results showed that human serum collected from healthy people caused no uncontrolled changes in weight and volume, porosity and mechanical properties of the composite. Therefore, this suggests the lack of volume change‐related side effects of HAp/glucan composite in bone defects treatment if postoperative inflammation is prevented. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2653–2664, 2018.
The width of quadrangulations of the projective plane
Authors: Esperet Louis , Stehlík Matěj 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe show that every 4‐chromatic graph on n vertices, with no two vertex‐disjoint odd cycles, has an odd cycle of length at most . Let G be a nonbipartite quadrangulation of the projective plane on n vertices. Our result immediately implies that G has edge‐width at most , which is sharp for infinitely many values of n. We also show that G has face‐width (equivalently, contains an odd cycle transversal of cardinality) at most , which is a constant away from the optimal; we prove a lower bound of . Finally, we show that G has an odd cycle transversal of size at most inducing a single edge, where Δ is the maximum degree. This last result partially answers a question of Nakamoto and Ozeki.
Teleconnections between ENSO and rainfall and drought in Puerto Rico
Authors: Torres‐Valcárcel Angel R. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAn analytical study was conducted to assess the long‐term influence, role, and impacts of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Puerto Rico's precipitation patterns and significant moisture deficits (droughts). Detection and attribution was addressed by evaluating local rainfall measures and ENSO‐related data to (1) detect ENSO signals and patterns, (2) quantify the magnitude of any impacts, and (3) determine if ENSO may be an important factor for local prediction of future droughts. Data were evaluated at different time periods and two spatial scales (island‐wide and internal climate regions of Puerto Rico). Although a signal was detected, it was weak, in both directions, varied regionally, and has inconsequential impacts. No evidence was found for a major control by ENSO over local monthly, seasonal, and yearly rainfall for any climate regions on the island. These results indicate that ENSO is not a main factor causing droughts in Puerto Rico for the study period and thus should not be a factor in predicting the potential for local dry periods or large precipitation deficits in the future. Any presumed teleconnections between Puerto Rico's dry periods and ENSO are not based on current climatological evidence. Thus, local drought prediction efforts should be focused on finding major causes of local rainfall variation other than ENSO.