bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of food supplementation on the nesting dynamics of wild northern bobwhite
Authors: Buckley Byron R. , Andes Alicia K. , Dabbert C. Brad 
Published: April 2018

Avian females with food limitation or are unable to meet nutritional requirements could result in negatively influenced egg size, nest initiation date, nesting season duration, and clutch size. Northern bobwhites Colinus virginianus serve as an adequate model species for supplemental feeding studies because of prolific nesting and re‐nesting behavior. We monitored females on treatment and control units to determine if food supplementation influenced: 1) nest initiation, nesting duration, and nesting attempts, 2) nesting success, and 3) egg volume and clutch size. We radio‐marked 196 female bobwhites during the breeding season of 2011 and 2012. Hens with access to supplemental feed produced 0.86 and 1.60 nest per hen while hens on control sites produced 0.15 and 0.81 nest per hen during the 2011 and 2012 nesting season, respectively. Average nest initiation varied slightly between treatment and control; though, average nesting season length was 16 and 31 days longer on treatment units. This benefit indicates females with access to food supplementation were in better physical condition compared to females on control units. However, nest success (β = ‐0.03, SE = 0.40), clutch size (t=‐0.37, p = 0.70), and average intra‐clutch egg volumes (β =‐0.06, SE = 0.20) (t=0.50, p= 0.61) were unaffected by food supplementation. Total net productivity estimates showed more chicks per hen were produced on treatment sites [ = 2.34, SE = 0.04 (2011); = 5.75, SE = 0.12 (2012)] than control units [ = 0.61, SE = 0.001 (2011); = 3.47, SE = 0.13 (2012)]. Our results suggest that bobwhites with access to supplemental feed broadcast into roadside vegetation throughout the breeding season can potentially increase nesting attempts which may result in increased production and offset population fluctuations due to drought conditions.
THE IMPACT OF REGULATORY POLICY FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS TO THE COUNTRY INNOVATIONAL POLICY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Shkoda Mаriana S. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction and goal of the research. In today's difficult economic and political conditions in the country, the project team's consideration of the political factor is a necessary requirement. Despite the fact that political problems have an indirect effect on national economies, they can have a significant impact on the activities of economic actors. The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the government sector on the development and implementation of international educational projects in the system of innovative development of the country; to determine the coefficients of elasticity and coefficients in order to determine the effect of regression factors on the resulting indicator, which allowed to define the formulation of scientifically substantiated proposals for improving the efficiency of innovation activity.Methods of research. In this work, methods of statistical analysis were used to compare the development of innovation activity and the implementation of innovative projects in Ukraine over the past 10 years; economic-mathematical modeling to determine the accuracy of the forecast by calculating the relative error; calculation of the upper and lower bounds of the predicted interval by means of determining the half-width of the interval forecast.Results of the research.In the course of the study, by substituting the values of the arguments into the equation, the author obtained the trend values of the volume of realized innovative products that grow in the last year of the study; the obtained data of the point forecast of regression factors, with the help of synthesized multifactor regression and the obtained data, determined the forecast volume of the realized innovative products for 2019–2020. Calculated the influence of each factor on the effective index, that is, determined the coefficients and parameters of the matrix of free members. From the above calculations, the author concludes that the second largest factor, the sum of the cost of research and development, has the greatest impact on the effective indicator (volume of realized innovative products).Conclusions. It is evident from the data obtained that the share of own funds in financing research and development during the analyzed period decreased from 79.64% to 59.35%. The volume of state financing of innovation activity in Ukraine is insignificant due to the deficit of the state budget. Under these conditions and taking into account the tendencies of the active spread of globalization processes, the diversification of sources of financing for innovation is urgent and necessary, and separate – the attraction of foreign investments for the development and implementation of international scientific and educational international projects, the implementation of which facilitates the intensification of the innovative development of the national economy, which in practice can be manifested in the growth of volumes of realized innovative products.
PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS SERVICES CONTENT: CRITERIA AND COMPONENTS
Authors: Kolumbet Alexander M. , Maximovich N. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction. The analysis of the research has established the lack of a clear internal logic in the construction of a set of criteria for classification services in the field of physical culture and sports. A large variety of criteria, on the one hand, provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the various components of the content of services, which is important for solving practical problems, for example, for the development of a strategy of marketing by sports organizations, the definition of target markets, or for the formation of social standards of consumption of services by the state. On the other hand, relying on such approaches to the classification of sports and sports services, it is extremely difficult to solve the tasks of scientific research. First of all, this relates to the scientific analysis of the system of market relations in the field of physical culture and sports, the nature of the functioning of subsystems or individual components of which is determined by the specific features of this or that kind of physical culture and sports services.The purpose of the study is theoretical and methodological justification of the classification of physical culture and sports services in the context of determining the indicators of the impact of the results of professional activities on the field of physical culture and sports.Results. The article analyzes the main approaches to the classification of sports services in order to determine the economic indicators of influence on the industry. The criteria of the classification of physical culture and sports services have been determined, which made it possible to establish a classification of physical culture and sports services, where all services are divided into physical education, physical culture and health, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, which form these services.Conclusions1. It has been considered that the criteria for classification of sports services are: the social significance of needs that are satisfied as a result of the consumption of a particular service; a way of compensation for the use of services; the form of the existence of a particular service; regularity of consumption of services.2. The classification of physical culture and sports services is defined, where all services are distributed to physical education, physical culture, health, sports and fitness, sports training, sports-entertainment, physical education and rehabilitation, and the indicators that form these services.
Composition of Mangrove species in Delta Sumbari River, Bintuni Bay-Papua
Authors: Rahawarin Yohanes Y. , Arwam C. Y. Hans , Mofu Wolfram 
Published: April 2018

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> <w:UseFELayout /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if !mso]><object classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui></object> <mce:style><! st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } --> <!--[endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";	mso-ansi-language:#0400;	mso-fareast-language:#0400;	mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The research aims to figure out the structure and composition of mangrove species in the delta of Sumbari River, Bintuni Bay, Papua. Research showed that 13 species from 7 families have the found in this area.<span>&nbsp; </span>At the tree, sapling, and seedling stages,<span>&nbsp; </span></span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Rhizophora apiculata</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> performed the highest<em> </em>density with </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">100</span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> trees/ha, </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">50 </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">sapling/ha, and 9167 seedling/ha. The highest frequency was found on trees (</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">0.83), </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span>&nbsp;</span>while at sapling stage of </span><em><span style="font-size: 10pt;">R. apiculata, B. sexangula</span></em><span style="font-size: 10pt;">, <span>and </span><em>C. tagal</em><span> (0.33 respectively). At the seedling stage, the highest frequency was found for </span><em>Ac. speciosum, Ae. corniculatum</em>, <em>B. gymnorrhiza</em>, <em>R. apiculata,</em> and <em>X. granatum</em><span> (0.33 respectively).</span></span></p>
KUALITAS PERAIRAN PESISIR SELATAN PULAU BUNAKEN DITINJAU DARI KONDISI BAKTERIOLOGIS
Authors: Mogea Rina Anita 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>The objective of this research is to analyze the water quality of the south coastal area of Bunaken Island with the existence of bacterial polluter at the time of high tide of the surface of the sea, to identify the content of bacterial polluter, and to analyze the influence of abiotic environment (temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen) on the growth of bacterial polluter. This research has been conducted in the southern part of the coastal area of Bunaken Island at 6 stations: 1) Tanjung Pasir, 2) the water in front of Kampung Negeri, 3) Likuan, 4) Liang, 5) Tawara, and 6) in front of Alang Banua.</em></p><p><em>Samples were taken using the purposive sampling method. In analyzing the water sample to know the content of the bacterial polluter it has used the Most Probable Number (MPN) method with the presumption test by using the media of Lactose Broth (LB) and the confirmed test by using the Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB), whereas in testing the biochemical bacterial it has used the media of Mac Conkey agar. The biochemical test has used the Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, Sulfide Indol Motile (SIM), Simmons’s Citrate, Urease, and Lysine Iron Agar (LIA). </em></p><p><em>The result shows that at the time of high tide the coliform of bacteria and the Escherichia coli are highest at station 6,i.e. MPN/100 ml whereas in low tide the Escherichia coli bacteria is highest at station 4,i.e 1100 MPN/100 ml and Escherichia coli is the highest at station 6,i.e. 460 MPN/100 ml. Based on the biochemical test at the south coastal area of Bunaken Island, the following have been founded out: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Proteus inconstans and Enterobacter aerogenes. The result shows that the sea water at the surrounding of Bunaken Island has been contaminated by the normal intestinal tract of human beings and animals. The existence of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli in the waters is a sign of warning that the water is potential for disease dangerous for human health.</em></p><p><em>The tested abiotic environmental parameters vary; the temperature is between 26-30<sup>o</sup>C, salinity is between 34-35%, pH is between 7.8-8.9, and the dissolved oxygen (DO) is between 2.7-7 ppm. The parameters indicate the support of the growth of bacterial polluter.</em></p>
STUDI DIFUSIVITAS TERMAL PADA MEDIUM TANAH MELALUI PENGUKURAN SUHU
Authors: Subgan Aries Astradhani 
Published: April 2018

<p>This study is aimed to analyze the thermal diffusion in medium soil through temperature measurement. The data of medium soil temperature provide information about the phenomenon of heat transfer at medium soil. This research will also look for significant differences of thermal diffusion at medium soil in two condition of different covering; it is also seeing by the different soil temperature and pattern change of soil temperature. The equality two mean tests method (two party tests) was used to see the significance of thermal diffusion. There are significant differences of soil temperature according to covering condition and deepness tested by ANOVA (Varian analysis) in two directions. At the same time there is significance difference about pattern change of soil temperature from time to time according to the covering condition to the deepness used by analysis of fouries. The finilings show that there were significant differences at medium soil for coat of z (4-6) with condition of difference in covering. Significant difference was also shown by soil temperature according to the condition of covering and deepness.</p>
STUDI ETNOBIOLOGI PANDANUS DI PAPUA
Authors: Sadsoeitoeboen Maria Justina 
Published: April 2018

<em>A research was carried out to study the diversity of Pandanus in the Papua region. The aim of the study was to find out how many species of Pandanus were all ready known by the people and used in their daily life. There are 42 species of Pandanus found in Papua. Based on the traditional utilization of the people in the Papua Tribe, Pandanus can be divided into seven group, i.e.: (1) species which are used for edible fruit, (2) species which are used for floor of houses, (3) species which are used for roofing, (4) species which are used for sleeping mat and rain covering, (5) species used for hunting, (6) species used for medicine, and (7) species which are still unknown</em>
KEANEKARAGAMAN KUPU-KUPU DI TAMAN WISATA GUNUNG MEJA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI
Authors: Panjaitan Rawati 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>This study was done to study the diversity of butterflies and its distribution in the Gunung Meja National Park. A survey was carried out using transect count or line transect and the classification of Parson was used for habitat distribution. A number of 96 species of butterflies was encountered from the Family</em><em> Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae dan Nyphalidae. Three types of habitat covered the distribution of the butterflies’ species, i.e. primer forest with 41 species, secondary forest with 83 species, and garden and house yard with 49 species. Based on the t test, there is a significant differences on the diversity of each habitat (t<sub>count</sub> &gt; t<sub>table</sub>; p &gt; 0.05).</em></p>
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS-JENIS PAKAN ALAMI KUSKUS (PHALANGERIDAE) DI PULAU HARITI DISTRIK NAPAN WEINAMI KABUPATEN NABIRE
Authors: Duwiri Fernando , Nunaki Jan H. , Pattiselanno Freddy 
Published: April 2018

<p><em>Possum</em><em> as a marsupial animal belongs to the family Phalangeridae are spread quite widely on the island of New Guinea. There are many types of possums found in many small islands of Papua, among others, in the coastal areas of Napan Wenami, Nabire. Hariti Island is one of the group of islands in the District of Napan Weinami. This study aims to explore the kinds of natural food of possums on the island Hariti. The results of the study shows that there were 21 plant species eaten by possums, consisted of 17 families, where as the family Moraceae have the largest number of species. Plant parts that are consumed is fruit (43%), leaf (24%) and a combination of leaf and fruit (33%).</em></p>
MEDICAL TOURISM COMPETITION: THE CASE OF TURKEY
Authors: KILAVUZ Emine 
Published: April 2018

Productivity differences between countries lead to gain trade. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, differences in labor skills and physical capital between countries cause productive differences and then increases competitive power. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the medical services market and related international trade in the world. Turkey is one of the countries with high competitiveness in this market and wants to increase the market volume.Because it has relatively better service quality, the well-equipped hospitals, geographical location and large comparative cost advantage. The aim of this paper is to examine Turkey’s competitiveness as a popular health care destination in the world. The health sector is a very important sector for developing countries, in terms of both income and employment. It includes many sub-sectors such as hospitals, medical devices, clinical trials. Also, beach tourism and natural resources are important in terms of income and employment but have seasonality problem. In order to the sustainable of the tourism sector, health tourism is crucial. Turkey aims to increase tourism revenues by differentiating service diversity especially in health tourism areas. With its natural resources, qualified human power and geographical position, Turkey has an important competitive power in health tourism.
Neoconstitucionalismo negativo y neoconstitucionalismo positivo
Authors: Battista Ratti Giovanni 
Published: April 2018

La expresión “neoconstitucionalismo” es sumamente ambigua: la cultura contemporánea la usa para denotar cosas tan heterogéneas como una forma de estado, una política de activismo judicial, una reconstrucción teórica de los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos, una metodología jurídica y una adhesión ideológica al derecho. Este trabajo se centra en los aspectos de política jurisprudencial, de teoría del derecho y de metodología jurídica, enfatizando dos posibles perspectivas del neoconstitucionalismo: una negativa que delinea dicha multifacética concepción del derecho como un conjunto de oposiciones a las tesis defendidas por las concepciones dominantes, y otra positiva que pretende haber identificado una serie de “nuevos descubrimientos” en los sistemas jurídicos contemporáneos. En esta versión positiva se examinan ocho tesis: (1) el derecho de los estados constitucionales es una combinación de reglas y principios, (2) reglas y principios son aptos para constituir un conjunto sistematico de normas, (3) las constituciones contemporáneas incorporan valores morales, de manera que habrían creado una conexión relevante entre derecho y moral, (4) tal incorporación implica un deber de interpretar las disposiciones constitucionales mediante una lectura moral, (5) toda norma jurídica es derrotable, (6) algunos estándares jurídicos requieren de un razonamiento ponderativo o de balance, opuesto al tradicional razonamiento subsutivo, (7) interpretando holísticamente las disposiciones jurídicas, los jueces pueden llegar a decidir cualquier controversia, y, (8) las normas jurídicas no pueden tener cualquier contenido, porque su contenido es determinado en última instancia por juicios morales. El trabajo termina ilustrando aciertos y equivocaciones de cada versión del neoconstitucionalismo.
La fumigación de herbicidas colombiana y el derecho humanitario internacional
Authors: Andrade Cadena Natalia 
Published: April 2018

Las fumigaciones de herbicidas han sido hechas por el Gobierno colombiano desde el año 2000 en gran escala, con el objeto de eliminar los cultivos ilegales de coca y amapola. Esta acción ha sido ampliamente criticada; por tanto, se han hecho varios estudios sobre la materia. En el área legal, esto ha sido analizado sobre todo desde la perspectiva de los derechos humanos. Aquí lo analizaremos desde otra perspectiva.
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el de analizar si las aspersiones aéreas de herbicidas pueden ser consideradas un arma de guerra a la luz de un conflicto armado. En tal caso, se verá si dicha actividad violenta las normas del Internacional Humanitario.
Para lograr este objetivo este artículo analiza a fondo qué actos pueden ser considerados de guerra y si las fumigaciones caen dentro de esta categoría. Además, se comparará esto con las reglas y excepciones del Derecho humanitario internacional, para finalmente concluir que las fumigaciones con herbicidas violan abiertamente las normas mencionadas.
Interfacial and physico-mechanical properties of walnut shell fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites
Authors: Açıkbaş Gökhan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Turkey produces over 200,000 tons of walnut annually as the fourth largest producer in the world. Walnut shells amount to 40–60 % of the total weight, rendering over 100,000 tons of shells per year, mostly as waste. A limited quantity is utilized for fiberboard manufacturing, some as solid fuel or as scrubbing material in the chemical and metal industries. The purpose of this study is to develop low-cost polyester composites with enhanced physico-mechanical properties by using walnut cellulosic fibers as a reinforcement phase for polyester resin. The process not only makes production more economical but also reduces waste. The shells were ground and a detailed characterization of the waste fibers was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, laser diffraction and He gas picnometer techniques. The effects of the filler to matrix ratio as well as chemical treatment of walnut fibers on the physical and mechanical properties of the composite were determined. The composites were characterized by means of measurements for porosity, density, three point bending strength, impact resistance and hardness. The structure-property relationship of developed composites was discussed. Optimum physico-mechanical properties were obtained through a hydrophobic solution treatment of the powder since this provided better processability and enhanced interfacial adhesion.