bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘What … you can't tell left from right?’ Medical students’ experiences in making laterality decisions
Authors: Gormley Gerard J , Brennan Carl , Dempster Martin 
Published: January 2019

ContextWrong‐sided procedures represent some of the most catastrophic errors in health care. Although errors in laterality are multifaceted in origin, human error is considered to be an important root cause. Evidence suggests that a significant proportion of the population, including medical students, experience difficulty in left–right discrimination (LRD). Given that not all medical students have equal LRD ability, there have been calls to raise awareness of this issue in medical education. The experiences of medical students with LRD, including those who have difficulty, remain unknown.ObjectivesThis study was designed to gain deep insights into the lived experiences of medical students in LRD.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted using hermeneutic phenomenology. Medical students with a wide range of abilities in LRD were invited to participate and to be interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using template analysis to generate research themes. Members of the research team were continually reflexive when remaining firmly rooted in the data and in the principles of the hermeneutic process.ResultsAnalysis yielded four main themes: (i) discriminating right from left: an unconscious or a conscious task? (ii) ‘What … you can't tell right from left?’: an undesirable skill deficit; (iii) concealment, and (iv) ‘But you're going to be a doctor!’: impact on professional identity formation.ConclusionsThis study challenges normative expectations that LRD is an effortless task for all. Individuals who are challenged in LRD must engage in a complex conscious process to determine right from left. For the most part, this process is relatively effortless. However, the context of being a medical student can impose extra demands and heightens the risk associated with potential error. Medical education needs to respond by raising the profile of this challenge, with which many of our medical students are confronted, and by extending support to assist them in the interests of safe patient care.
Validation of a multivariable prediction model for post‐engraftment invasive fungal disease in 465 adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Rodríguez‐Veiga Rebeca , Montesinos Pau , García Estefanía , Boluda Blanca , Rojas Rafael , Serrano Josefina , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Martín Carmen , Sanz Jaime , Tabares Salvador , Piñana José L. , Lorenzo Ignacio , Montoro Juan , Salavert Miguel , Pemán Javier , Jarque Isidro , Solves Pilar , Sanz Guillermo F. , Torres Antonio , Sanz Miguel A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundRecently, we reported a simple prognostic score for post‐engraftment invasive fungal disease (IFD) obtained in 404 adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloSCT) (training cohort).ObjectivesWe aim to validate this score in an external cohort assessing the 1‐year cumulative incidence (CI) of post‐engraftment IFD. Additionally, we analyse the type of IFD and incidence of IFD according to type of prophylaxis.Patients/methodsWe included 465 consecutive adult recipients surviving >40 days who engrafted and were discharged without prior IFD (median age 45 years, range, 14‐69).ResultsPatients classified as low‐risk, 139; intermediate‐risk, 162; and high‐risk, 164 (35% vs 27% in the training cohort, P = 0.03). The CI of probable/proven IFD in the validation cohort was 8% vs 11% in the training cohort (P = 0.006). The only voriconazole prophylaxis used in the training cohort was 100 mg/12 h, 65% vs 27% in the validation cohort, but 38% received 200 mg/12 h. Thus, the validation cohort showed a lower CI of IFD (P = 0.009). The post‐engraftment IFD score was validated, showing a CI of IFD for low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk of 3%, 6% and 14%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first prognostic index to predict the occurrence of post‐engraftment IFD after alloSCT that has been validated in an external cohort.
Maternal obesity in pregnancy impacts offspring cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies
Authors: Menting M. D. , Mintjens S. , van de Beek C. , Frick C. J. , Ozanne S. E. , Limpens J. , Roseboom T. J. , Hooijmans C. R. , van Deutekom A. W. , Painter R. C. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObesity before and during pregnancy leads to reduced offspring cardiometabolic health. Here, we systematically reviewed animal experimental evidence of maternal obesity before and during pregnancy and offspring anthropometry and cardiometabolic health. We systematically searched Embase and Medline from inception until January 2018. Eligible publications compared offspring of mothers with obesity to mothers with a normal weight. We performed meta‐analyses and subgroup analyses. We also examined methodological quality and publication bias. We screened 2543 publications and included 145 publications (N = 21 048 animals, five species). Essential methodological details were not reported in the majority of studies. We found evidence of publication bias for birth weight. Offspring of mothers with obesity had higher body weight (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.76 [95% CI 0.60;0.93]), fat percentage (0.99 [0.64;1.35]), systolic blood pressure (1.33 [0.75;1.91]), triglycerides (0.64 [0.42;0.86], total cholesterol (0.46 [0.18;0.73]), glucose level (0.43 [0.24;0.63]), and insulin level (0.81 [0.61;1.02]) than offspring of control mothers, but similar birth weight. Sex, age, or species did not influence the effect of maternal obesity on offspring's cardiometabolic health. Obesity before and during pregnancy reduces offspring cardiometabolic health in animals. Future intervention studies should investigate whether reducing obesity prior to conception could prevent these detrimental programming effects and improve cardiometabolic health of future generations.
What if none of the Building Stones at Stonehenge Came from Wiltshire?
Authors: Whitaker Katy A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe sarsen and bluestone stones at Stonehenge (Wiltshire, UK) have played a significant role in the development of twentieth‐century ideas about Neolithic and early Bronze Age social structure. Sarsen and bluestone are not, however, the only rock types used at Stonehenge. The varied stones present at the monument include previously under‐studied material, such as the normally unseen, and largely forgotten, packing stones for Stonehenge's famous settings. By reflecting on more recently developed theoretical frameworks to interpret this variety, this paper exposes the possibility that an alternative to the dominant discourse, in which Stonehenge represents the culmination of Neolithic social evolution, is possible.
Atrial fibrillation history impact on catheter ablation outcome. Findings from the ESC‐EHRA Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long‐Term Registry
Authors: Stabile Giuseppe , Trines Serge A. , Arbelo Elena , Dagres Nikolaos , Brugada Josep , Kautzner Josef , Pokushalov Evgeny , Maggioni Aldo P. , Laroche Cecile , Anselmino Matteo , Beinart Roy , Traykov Vassil , Blomström Lundqvist Carina ,   on behalf of the ESC‐EHRA Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Long‐Term Registry investigators
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) promotes atrial remodeling that in turn promotes AF perpetuation. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of AF history length on 1‐year outcome of AF catheter ablation in a cohort of patients enrolled in the Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry.MethodsWe described the real‐life clinical epidemiology, therapeutic strategies, and the short‐ and mid‐term outcomes of 1948 patients (71.9% with paroxysmal AF) undergoing AF ablation procedures, stratified according to AF history duration (<2 years or ≥2 years).ResultsThe mean AF history duration was 46.2 ± 57.4 months, 592 patients had an AF history duration <2 years (mean 10.2 ± 5.9 months), and 1356 patients ≥2 years (mean 75.5 ± 63.5 months) (P < 0.001). Patients with AF history duration <2 years were younger; had a lower incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; and had a lower CHA2DS2‐VaSc Score. At 1 year, the logrank test showed a lower incidence of AF recurrence in patients with AF history duration <2 years (28.9%) than in patients with AF history duration ≥2 years (34.0%) (P = 0.037). AF history duration ≥2 years, overall ablation procedure duration, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease were all predictors of recurrences after the blanking period.ConclusionsIn this multicenter registry, performing catheter ablation in patients with an AF history ≥2 years was associated with higher rates of AF recurrences at 1 year. Since cumulative time in AF in not necessarily equivalent to AF history, its role remains to be clarified.
Social Mobility and Labor Market Outcomes Among the Second Generation of Racial Minority Immigrants in Canada*
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hao , Hou Feng 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis article examines social mobility among the children of immigrants, whose population has become increasingly diverse over time.MethodsUsing data from Canadian censuses, we focus on group differences by racial minority status in two aspects: (1) intergenerational progress in educational attainment, which indicates the ability to achieve higher education regardless of parents’ education, and (2) the relationship between education and labor market outcomes, which reveals the ability to convert educational qualifications into economic well‐being.ResultsOur analysis in general paints a very positive picture for the children of immigrants regarding the first aspect, while mixed results are evident for the second aspect. In particular, some racial minority groups are characterized by high educational attainment and average earnings, while some experienced low education mobility across generations and low labor market returns to education.ConclusionThe results suggest that there are divergent paths of socioeconomic integration among the second‐generation racial minority groups.
Predictors of prognosis in children with portal venous gas detected by ultrasound
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Yamada Yoshitake , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Hosokawa Mayumi , Oguma Eiji 
Published: January 2019

Aims: To evaluate ultrasound findings in order to determine potential predictors of prognosis in pediatric patients with portal venous gas (PVG) detected by ultrasound.Materials and methods: Thirty-nine children were included and divided into two groups: benign PVG (n=24) and life-threatening PVG (n=15; 6 surgical interventions and 9 deaths). Possible predictors, i.e., the location of PVG in the liver, the distribution of intestinal pneumatosis, ascites and free air were compared between the two groups.Results: A significant difference was noted between the two groups in terms of the distribution of intestinal pneumatosis (limited to the large bowel, benign vs life-threatening = 60.9% (14/23):21.4% (3/14), p=0.040), the absence of ascites (benign vs life-threatening = 79.1% (19/24):40.0% (6/15), p=0.019) and patient age (benign vs life-threatening = 52.5±65.3 months vs 19.7±44.0 months, p=0.019). No significant difference was observed in the location of PVG in the liver, the presence of free air, and sex between the two groups.Conclusions: In pediatric patients with PVG, including various ages and underlying diseases, intestinal pneumatosis limited to the large bowel and absence of ascites were predictors of a benign prognosis. However, despite the presence of these predictors, some patients with PVG required surgical intervention, therebysuggesting that the cause of PVG, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, volvulus, or pancreatitis, must be also carefully evaluated.
Nutrition for Special Populations: Young, Female, and Masters Athletes
Authors: Desbrow Ben , Burd Nicholas A. , Tarnopolsky Mark , Moore Daniel R. , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. 
Published: January 2019

Adolescent, female, and masters athletes have unique nutritional requirements as a consequence of undertaking daily training and competition in addition to the specific demands of age- and gender-related physiological changes. Dietary education and recommendations for these special population athletes require a focus on eating for long-term health, with special consideration given to “at-risk” dietary patterns and nutrients (e.g., sustained restricted eating, low calcium, vitamin D and/or iron intakes relative to requirements). Recent research highlighting strategies to address age-related changes in protein metabolism and the development of tools to assist in the management of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport are of particular relevance to special population athletes. Whenever possible, special population athletes should be encouraged to meet their nutrient needs by the consumption of whole foods rather than supplements. The recommendation of dietary supplements (particularly to young athletes) overemphasizes their ability to manipulate performance in comparison with other training/dietary strategies.
The Effect of 1,3-Butanediol on Cycling Time-Trial Performance
Authors: Shaw David M. , Merien Fabrice , Braakhuis Andrea , Plews Daniel , Laursen Paul , Dulson Deborah K. 
Published: January 2019

This study investigated the effect of the racemic β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) precursor, R,S-1,3-butanediol (BD), on time-trial (TT) performance and tolerability. A repeated-measures, randomized, crossover study was conducted in nine trained male cyclists (age, 26.7 ± 5.2 years; body mass, 69.6 ± 8.4 kg; height, 1.82 ± 0.09 m; body mass index, 21.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2; VO2peak,63.9 ± 2.5 ml·kg−1·min−1; Wmax, 389.3 ± 50.4 W). Participants ingested 0.35 g/kg of BD or placebo 30 min before and 60 min during 85 min of steady-state exercise, which preceded a ∼25- to 35-min TT (i.e., 7 kJ/kg). The ingestion of BD increased blood D-βHB concentration throughout exercise (0.44–0.79 mmol/L) compared with placebo (0.11–0.16 mmol/L; all p < .001), which peaked 1 hr following the TT (1.38 ± 0.35 vs. 0.34 ± 0.24 mmol/L; p < .001). Serum glucose and blood lactate concentrations were not different between trials (all p > .05). BD ingestion increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production after 20 min of steady-state exercise (p = .002 and p = .032, respectively); however, no further effects on cardiorespiratory parameters were observed. Within the BD trial, moderate to severe gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in five participants, and low levels of dizziness, nausea, and euphoria were reported in two participants. However, this had no effect on TT duration (placebo, 28.5 ± 3.6 min; BD, 28.7 ± 3.2 min; p = .62) and average power output (placebo, 290.1 ± 53.7 W; BD, 286.4 ± 45.9 W; p = .50). These results suggest that BD has no benefit for endurance performance.
Presleep Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Recovery During Consecutive Days of Intense Endurance Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Larsen Mads S. , Clausen Dagmar , Jørgensen Astrid Ank , Mikkelsen Ulla R. , Hansen Mette 
Published: January 2019

Recent studies demonstrate that protein ingestion immediately before sleep improves muscle recovery during the night following resistance exercise. Whether this feeding strategy benefits recovery from endurance training has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of whey protein isolate ingested every night before sleep on subsequent performance and circulatory markers of muscular recovery during a week of intensified endurance training mimicking a training camp. In a parallel design, 32 trained runners underwent a 1-week intervention with a rigorously controlled diet (carbohydrate = 7.2 g·kg−1·day−1, protein = 1.8 g·kg−1·day−1, and fat = 1.0 g·kg−1·day−1) and exercise program (11 sessions) while receiving either a protein (0.5 g·kg−1·day−1) or carbohydrate (0.5 g·kg−1·day−1) beverage every night before sleep. Blood samples were obtained on the morning of Days 1, 4, 7, and 8 and analyzed for markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and myoglobin). The postintervention 5-km time-trial performance was significantly impaired in both groups (11 ± 24 s, p < .01). Plasma creatine kinase (227% ± 221%, p < .01), lactate dehydrogenase (18% ± 22%, p < .01), and myoglobin (72% ± 62%, p < .01) increased gradually throughout the week with no difference between the groups (p > .05). In conclusion, the presleep protein ingestion did not reduce the decline in performance or ameliorate the rise of circulatory markers of muscle damage during a week of intensified training when compared with the isocaloric carbohydrate ingestion.
The Conserved Role of YidC in Membrane Protein Biogenesis
Authors: Shanmugam Sri Karthika , Dalbey Ross E. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
YidC insertase plays a pivotal role in the membrane integration, folding, and assembly of a number of proteins, including energy-transducing respiratory complexes, both autonomously and in concert with the SecYEG channel in bacteria. The YidC family of proteins is widely conserved in all domains of life, with new members recently identified in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Bacterial and organellar members share the conserved 5-transmembrane core, which forms a unique hydrophilic cavity in the inner leaflet of the bilayer accessible from the cytoplasm and the lipid phase. In this chapter, we discuss the YidC family of proteins, focusing on its mechanism of substrate insertion independently and in association with the Sec translocon.
Managing the health of the eSport athlete: an integrated health management model
Authors: DiFrancisco-Donoghue Joanne , Balentine Jerry , Schmidt Gordon , Zwibel Hallie 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveseSport is a form of electronic gaming, also known as professional or competitive video gaming, and is growing at a rapid pace worldwide. Over 50 US colleges have established varsity gaming teams over the past three years; some colleges offer eSport scholarships as they do for traditional sports. There is little objective research on the health habits of these players who are often placed under the direction of the athletics department on college campuses, and there is currently no health management model on how to treat these new athletes.MethodsAnonymous electronic surveys were sent to 65 collegiate eSport players from nine universities across the USA and Canada inquiring about gaming and lifestyle habits, and musculoskeletal complaints due to eSport competition.ResultsPlayers practiced between 3 and 10 hours per day. The most frequently reported complaint was eye fatigue (56%), followed by neck and back pain (42%). eSport athletes reported wrist pain (36%) and hand pain (32%). Forty per cent of participants do not participate in any form of physical exercise. Among the players surveyed, only 2% had sought medical attention.ConclusioneSport players, just like athletes in traditional sports, are susceptible to overuse injuries. The most common complaint was eye fatigue, followed by neck and back pain. This study shows eSport athletes are also prone to wrist and hand pain. This paper proposes a health management model that offers a comprehensive medical team approach to prevent and treat eSport athletes.
Poly I:C-based rHBVvac therapeutic vaccine eliminates HBV via generation of HBV-specific CD8+ effector memory T cells
Authors: Zhao Hua-Jun , Han Qiu-Ju , Wang Guan , Lin Ang , Xu Dong-Qing , Wang Ya-Qun , Zhao Lian-Hui , Tian Zhi-Gang , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveChronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is a global health problem. Finding a cure for CHB remains a challenging task.DesignIn this study, poly I:C was employed as an adjuvant for HBV therapeutic vaccine (referred to as pHBV-vaccine) and the feasibility and efficiency of pHBV-vaccine in CHB treatment were evaluated in HBV-carrier mice.ResultsWe found that pHBV-vaccine decreased HBsAg and HBV DNA efficiently and safely in HBV-carrier mice. Further investigation showed that pHBV-vaccine promoted maturation and antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells in vivo and in vitro. This vaccine successfully restored the exhaustion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and partly broke the immune tolerance established in HBV-carrier mice. pHBV-vaccine also enhanced the proliferation and polyfunctionality of HBV-specific CD11ahi CD8αlo cells. Importantly, we observed that T cell activation molecule KLRG1 was only expressed on HBV specific CD11ahi CD8αlo cells. Furthermore, pHBV-vaccine reduced the expression of Eomes and increased the serum IL-12 levels, which in turn promoted the generation of effector memory short-lived effector cells (SLECs) to exhibit a critical role in HBV clearance. SLECs induced by pHBV-vaccine might play a crucial role in protecting from HBV reinfection.ConclusionsFindings from this study provide a new basis for the development of therapeutic pHBV-vaccine, which might be a potential candidate for clinical CHB therapy.
Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) may cause occupational asthma
Authors: Madsen Milene Torp , Skadhauge Lars Rauff , Nielsen Anders Daldorph , Baelum Jesper , Sherson David Lee 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionAnhydrides are widely used as cross-linking agents in epoxy resins and alkyd production, for example, as coatings and adhesives in plastic products. Sensitisation to several anhydrides is known to cause occupational asthma. There are indications that the lesser known pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) can cause irritative respiratory symptoms and possibly asthma. We report three cases of workers from a plastic foil manufacturing plant, who developed asthma when exposed to PMDA during specific inhalation challenge (SIC).MethodsSIC was performed over 2 days according to recommendations of European Respiratory Society. Lactose powder was used in control challenges and a mixture of 10% PMDA and 90% lactose powder in active challenges.ResultsAll cases experienced a delayed decrease in forced expiratory flow in 1 s (FEV1) 4–12 hours after active challenge. FEV1decreased by 19%, 15% and 16%, respectively. After 21 hours, FEV1decreased by 24% in one worker.DiscussionRespiratory symptoms after working hours may represent delayed work-related asthma. During SIC, the three patients developed lower respiratory symptoms and a delayed decrease in FEV1which suggest sensitisation. The mechanism of anhydride-related asthma is not well understood. Anhydrides are known irritants and hence an irritative response cannot be excluded. The company improved ventilation and enforced the use of respiratory protection equipment, and finally phased out PMDA. Occupational workplace risk identification may help to identify exposures. SIC can contribute to improving working conditions, by identifying and confirming asthmogens in the environment.
Electroplating and brazing joining of 5083 aluminum alloy to CFRP
Authors: Guo K. , Liu Y. , Gou G. , Zhang W. , Gao W. , Wang Wanjng 
Published: January 2019

This study has analyzed the welding joint of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) and aluminum alloys. The surface of CFRP and 5083 Al alloy was modified by electroplating with nickel at first. Then the effect of electroplating parameters on coating was explored. SEM images revealed that the coating gradually became well but then began to fall off with the current density and the plating time increased. CFRP and aluminum alloys were brazed at 285[Formula: see text]C and held for 20 s. Shear test was used to evaluate the strength of the joint and the strength was probably 7.56 MPa. SEM and EDS tests showed that there existed diffusion of the elements in the welding process and the joint reached the bonding of atomic or molecular sizes. Thus, this experiment achieved the tight brazing joining between thermoset CFRP and aluminum alloys providing the joining method of the application for CFRP.