bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periphyton‐induced changes in the phosphorus sorption characteristics of a paddy soil from coastal mudflat reclamation
Authors: Haiying Lu , Yanfang Feng , Hongbo Shao , Jia Liu , Gaoling Shi , Linzhang Yang , Boping Tang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoil phosphorus (P) sorption characteristics critically influence P availability to plants; however, the influence of periphyton on P sorption remains unclear. In this study, the P adsorption and desorption characteristics of soil in a reclaimed paddy field were evaluated after periphyton colonization of different substrates, that is, periphyton only (PO), periphyton with straw addition (PS), and periphyton with biochar addition (PB). The results indicate that the addition of straw to paddy soil increased the periphyton biomass, whereas the addition of biochar decreased the biomass. The P availability in the paddy soil significantly increased in all periphyton treatments. Specifically, the content of NaHCO3‐extractable P and readily available P in the paddy soil increased by 5‐, 6‐, and 7.5‐fold and 3‐, 1.5‐, and 7‐fold, respectively, in the PO, PS, and PB treatments. Compared with the control (no periphyton), the maximal P sorption capacity (qm) and equilibrium P concentration at zero sorption (EPC0) of the paddy soil were enhanced in the PO and PB treatments but reduced in the PS treatment. In contrast, the adsorption constant (KL) and maximum buffer capacity declined in the PO and PB treatments but increased in the PS treatment. In addition, the amount of P desorbed from the soil was higher in all periphyton treatments compared with the control. The P content in the periphyton differed among treatments and ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 mg g−1. These findings demonstrate that paddy periphyton has a great impact on the P sorption characteristics of the paddy topsoil. This study contributes not only to a deep comprehension of P cycling in paddy soil containing periphyton or similar aggregates but also to the regulation of soil P availability by periphyton.
Motivations for posting online reviews in the hotel industry
Authors: Gonçalves Helena Martins , Silva Graça Miranda , Martins Telma Gomes 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSome travelers may rely on online reviews (electronic word of mouth [eWOM]) from users who have already experienced a particular hotel before making a hotel reservation. However, only a small percentage of users of eWOM contribute actively with new reviews and evaluations. The understanding of what motivates consumers to write eWOM is very important, in order that hotels can achieve more and better eWOM and, consequently, more reservations. Based on an online survey and using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis, this study identifies different causal combinations of motivations (personal, social benefit, social concern, and consumer empowerment) and demographic characteristics (gender and age) that lead to hotel eWOM. Three configurations exist: being a female older than 35 years old, combined with high social concern and high consumer empowerment; being a female older than 35 years old, combined with high social concern and high personal motivations; and being a male, combined with high social concern, high personal motivations, and high consumer empowerment.
Methanogenic community during the anaerobic digestion of different substrates and organic loading rates
Authors: Kong Dewang , Zhang Keqiang , Liang Junfeng , Gao Wenxuan , Du Lianzhu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree anaerobic reactors using pig manure (PM), maize straw (MS), and a mixture of the two as substrates were compared for archaeal community structure and diversity, and for methanogens response to increased organic loading rate (OLR, expressed in the mass of volatile solid (VS)). Methanogenic archaeal richness during codigestion of pig manure with maize straw (ACE: 2412) was greater than that during the others (ACE: 1225, 1467) at an OLR of 4 g L−1 day−1, accompanied by high specific methane yield. Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota predominated during overall digestion of different substrates; with relative abundances of 63.5%–99.0% and 1.0%–36.3%, respectively. Methanosarcina was the predominant genus that accounted for 33.7%–79.8% of the archaeal community. The diversity in the PM digester decreased with increase in OLR, but increased in the MS digester. The diversity was stable during the codigestion with increased OLR. The relative abundances of hydrogenotrophic methanogens increased by 2.6 and 2.1 folds; the methanogenic community shifted from acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic methanogens during digestion of MS, and of the mixture of MS and PM. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed a strong relationship between reactor parameters and methanogenic community.
The use of variable temperature 13C solid‐state MAS NMR and GIPAW DFT calculations to explore the dynamics of diethylcarbamazine citrate
Authors: Venâncio Tiago , Oliveira Lyege Magalhaes , Pawlak Tomasz , Ellena Javier , Boechat Nubia , Brown Steven P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExperimental 13C solid‐state magic‐angle spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as Density‐Functional Theory (DFT) gauge‐including projector augmented wave (GIPAW) calculations were used to probe disorder and local mobility in diethylcarbamazine citrate, (DEC)+(citrate)−. This compound has been used as the first option drug for the treatment of filariasis, a disease endemic in tropical countries and caused by adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by mosquitoes. We firstly present 2D 13C─1H dipolar‐coupling‐mediated heteronuclear correlation spectra recorded at moderate spinning frequency, to explore the intermolecular interaction between DEC and citrate molecules. Secondly, we investigate the dynamic behavior of (DEC)+(citrate)− by varying the temperature and correlating the experimental MAS NMR results with DFT GIPAW calculations that consider two (DEC)+ conformers (in a 70:30 ratio) for crystal structures determined at 293 and 235 K. Solid‐state NMR provides insights on slow exchange dynamics revealing conformational changes involving particularly the DEC ethyl groups.
Advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapy: Barriers and enablers to multi‐site implementation
Authors: Shaw Bridget R. , Heywood Sophie E. , Page Carolyn J. , Phan Uyen M. , Harding Paula A. , Walter Kerrie , Terrill Desiree L. , Granger Catherine L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesAdvanced musculoskeletal physiotherapy (AMP) services are a safe, effective model of care, but without broad‐scale healthcare implementation to date. The aim of the present study was to identify the barriers and enablers to implementation of 12 AMP services from the perspective of clinical staff.MethodsIn a qualitative study, 12 participants (physiotherapists), from 12 different healthcare networks (seven metropolitan, three regional, two rural), were included. Their departments implemented AMP services (orthopaedic postoperative joint replacement review, n = 10; general orthopaedic, n = 1; emergency, n = 1; and neurosurgery n = 1) over a 12‐month period. Participants completed a structured survey specifically designed for the study. Thematic analysis was used, with themes mapped to the validated Theoretical Domains Framework.ResultsNine major themes emerged from the data regarding barriers and enablers to the implementation of the AMP services from the perspective of clinical staff. These were: demand/capacity; model of care; the organization; stakeholders; communication; planning and processes; evaluation; workforce; and learning and assessment framework. Important enablers included engagement and buy‐in from key stakeholders and medical staff, and well‐established AMP learning frameworks for training and operational frameworks. Barriers included competitive funding environment, and issues that hindered effective communication. The knowledge, skills, availability, motivation and experience of the advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapists had a large impact on the implementation.ConclusionsThe study identified a number of factors that should be considered for successful implementation of AMP services across healthcare services or wider healthcare networks.
Influence of Kaolin Clay on Aeromonas hydrophila Growth, Chemotaxis, and Virulence to Channel Catfish
Authors: Yildirim-Aksoy Mediha , Mohammed Haitham , Peatman E , Fuller S Adam , Beck Benjamin H 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most widespread bacterial pathogens affecting freshwater fish, and an emerging pathotype of A. hydrophila has severely impacted the catfish industry over the last decade. In this study, we evaluated the effect of treatment with kaolin (Al2Si2O5[OH]4), an inert clay, on A. hydrophila chemotaxis and adhesion (two important steps of the infective process) to catfish mucus and the potential use of kaolin for controlling A. hydrophila outbreaks. Chemotaxis assays revealed that kaolin clay significantly blocked the chemotaxis and adherence of A. hydrophila to catfish mucus. Kaolin treatment at a level of 0.1% led to a significant improvement in survival (66.7%) of experimentally challenged Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus as compared to untreated fish (28.9%). Kaolin treatment did not alter the growth of A. hydrophila, but bacterial concentrations in the upper phase of treated cultures were significantly reduced by kaolin treatment within 15 min and were significantly increased in the pellet by 45 min of treatment, indicating the rapid formation of physical complexes through adsorption followed by gravitational settling.
Effects of Aquaculture on Lakes in the Central Yangtze River Basin, China, III: Heavy Metals
Authors: Xia Wentong , Qu Xiao , Zhang Yingxue , Wang Rui , Xin Wei , Guo Chuanbo , Bowker Jim , Chen Yushun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Fish culture in lakes is an important component of aquaculture in some countries, but little is known about its impact on the ecosystem of the impacted lake. In summer 2015, we measured concentrations of 11 heavy metals, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn), in water and sediment from 23 lakes of different aquaculture classifications in the middle reach of the Yangtze River basin, China. These lakes represented the following four lake aquaculture management strategies: fish ranching in lakes classified as receiving low (LOW; used for backup drinking water and irrigation), medium (MEDIUM), or high (HIGH; fish fed commercial feed) stocking rates or as fallow (FALLOW), in which previously ranched HIGH lakes had not been stocked for 2 years. Results showed a positive relationship between most heavy metal concentrations and fish culture intensity. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and aluminum (Al) in the water column were significantly greater in the HIGH lakes than in the LOW lakes. Heavy metals in the FALLOW lakes did not appear to fully recover from past aquaculture activities. In sediment, the concentration of As in LOW lakes was significantly lower than those in MEDIUM and HIGH lakes, whereas no among-group significant differences in the other heavy metal concentrations were detected. Metals in sediments of all four lake types were at the low ecological risk level. We speculate that these results may be applied to lakes in other regions globally with similar fish stocking and management strategies.
Control of Globally Invasive Common Carp: An 11-Year Commercial Trial of the Williams’ Cage
Authors: Stuart Ivor G. , Conallin Anthony J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Common Carp Cyprinus carpio is a major pest fish in Australia, North America, New Zealand, and parts of Europe. The Williams’ carp separation cage was developed to separate Common Carp from native fish as they pass through fishways by exploiting their strong migratory and unique jumping behaviors. We report on an 11-year commercial application of the Williams’ cage at Lock 1 on the lower Murray River (southeast Australia), where a high biomass of Common Carp resides. Between November 2007 and January 2018, the cage was operated by a collaborative team of river managers, weir keepers, commercial fishers, and researchers. To date, approximately 723 metric tons of adult Common Carp (~289,431 fish) have been captured at a maximum rate of 5 metric tons/d. These fish were marketed for a total return of over AU$0.90 million, far exceeding setup costs. Catches and separation efficiencies were highest in austral spring, when fish were migrating to spawn, and bycatch of nontarget native fish was practically zero (0.03%). Population modeling indicated that a combination of commercial carp fishing, low inflows, and the Williams’ cage has caused a significant reduction in Common Carp numbers in the lower Murray River. The Williams’ cage has now successfully moved from an experimental idea to full commercial viability, and at Lock 1 it is playing a valuable role in controlling the dispersal and abundance of globally invasive Common Carp.
Probabilistic classification of tumour habitats in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Xing Shu , Freeman Carolyn R. , Jung Sungmi , Turcotte Robert , Levesque Ives R. 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this work is to propose a method to characterize tumour heterogeneity on MRI, using probabilistic classification based on a reference tissue. The method uses maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2 relaxation, and a calculated map representing high‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted MRI (denoted simDWI) to identify up to five habitats (i.e. sub‐regions) of tumours.In this classification method, the parameter values (ADC, T2, and simDWI) from each tumour voxel are compared against the corresponding parameter probability distributions in a reference tissue. The probability that a tumour voxel belongs to a specific habitat is the joint probability for all parameters. The classification can be visualized using a custom colour scheme.The proposed method was applied to data from seven patients with biopsy‐confirmed soft tissue sarcoma, at three time‐points over the course of pre‐operative radiotherapy. Fast‐spin‐echo images with two different echo times and diffusion MRI with three b‐values were obtained and used as inputs to the method. Imaging findings were compared with pathology reports from pre‐radiotherapy biopsy and post‐surgical resection.Regions of hypercellularity, high‐T2 proteinaceous fluid, necrosis, collagenous stroma, and fibrosis were identified within soft tissue sarcoma. The classifications were qualitatively consistent with pathological observations. The percentage of necrosis on imaging correlated strongly with necrosis estimated from FDG‐PET before radiotherapy (R2 = 0.97) and after radiotherapy (R2 = 0.96).The probabilistic classification method identifies realistic habitats and reflects the complex microenvironment of tumours, as demonstrated in soft tissue sarcoma.
Heritability estimates of spatial working memory and set‐shifting in a healthy Chinese twin sample: A preliminary study
Authors: Zhou Han‐yu , Li Zhi , Xie Dong‐jie , Xu Ting , Cheung Eric E. F. , Li Huanhuan , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractImpairments in spatial working memory (SWM) and set‐shifting abilities have both been consistently observed in individuals with schizophrenia and are considered to be potential endophenotypes of this illness. However, an endophenotype needs to fulfill a set of stringent criteria, including heritability. This study examined the heritability of these two functions in a healthy Chinese twin sample. Forty‐five pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and 35 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins completed the SWM task and the Intra‐Extra Dimensional Set‐Shifting (IED) task of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). We found a moderate heritability for SWM, of which the familial/genetic factors accounted for 33% of the total variance. However, we failed to find any significant heritability for set‐shifting ability, of which the specific environmental factor explained most of the variance (85%). The preliminary findings from this small healthy Chinese twin sample suggest that SWM is heritable, whereas the set‐shifting ability may reflect “extra‐genetic” influences.
Facile Synthesis of Morphology Controllable CoFe2O4 Particles as High‐Performance Electrode Materials
Authors: Fan Shan , Wang Wen , Ke Hua , Zhou Yu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent morphology CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (nano random particles, nanospheres, solid nanocubes) are successfully synthesized via a facile one‐step method, by controlling the amount of the surfactant. The solid nanocube morphology CoFe2O4 is annealed at 350 °C to form porous and hollow structure. The interesting porous hollow nanostructural CoFe2O4 has excellent electrochemical properties.
Elaborating a coiled‐coil‐assembled octahedral protein cage with additional protein domains
Authors: Cristie‐David Ajitha S. , Koldewey Philipp , Meinen Ben A. , Bardwell James C. A. , Marsh E. Neil G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDe novo design of protein nano‐cages has potential applications in medicine, synthetic biology, and materials science. We recently developed a modular, symmetry‐based strategy for protein assembly in which short, coiled‐coil sequences mediate the assembly of a protein building block into a cage. The geometry of the cage is specified by the combination of rotational symmetries associated with the coiled‐coil and protein building block. We have used this approach to design well‐defined octahedral and tetrahedral cages. Here, we show that the cages can be further elaborated and functionalized by the addition of another protein domain to the free end of the coiled‐coil: in this case by fusing maltose‐binding protein to an octahedral protein cage to produce a structure with a designed molecular weight of ~1.8 MDa. Importantly, the addition of the maltose binding protein domain dramatically improved the efficiency of assembly, resulting in ~ 60‐fold greater yield of purified protein compared to the original cage design. This study shows the potential of using small, coiled‐coil motifs as off‐the‐shelf components to design MDa‐sized protein cages to which additional structural or functional elements can be added in a modular manner.
Single arm two‐stage studies: Improved designs for molecularly targeted agents
Authors: Dutton P. , Holmes J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMechanistic understanding of cancers and their potential interactions with molecularly targeted agents is driving the need for stratified medicine to ensure each participant receives the best possible care. This understanding, backed by scientific research, should be used to guide the design of clinical trials for these agents. The mechanism of action of a molecularly targeted agent often suggests that a biomarker can be used as a predictor of activity of the agent on the targeted disease. A biomarker driven trial is needed to confirm that the molecularly targeted agent stratifies the participant population with disease into high and low responder groups. We assume that the biomarker of interest can be dichotomised and propose a balanced parallel two‐stage single‐arm phase II trial that builds on existing two‐stage single‐arm designs. A single‐arm trial cannot distinguish between a marker being predictive in the population as a whole and the agent causing an increased response in the marker positive group, but it is a first step. We compare this approach to the existing single‐arm approaches, sequential enrichment, tandem two‐stage, and parallel two‐stage designs, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each design. We show that our design compares favourably to existing designs in the Bayesian framework, making a more efficient use of collected data. We recommend using the parallel two‐stage balanced or sequential enrichment designs when randomisation is not practical in a phase II trial.
Cancer driver mutations in endometriosis: Variations on the major theme of fibrogenesis
Authors: Guo Sun‐Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne recent study reports cancer driver mutations in deep endometriosis, but its biological/clinical significance remains unclear. Since the natural history of endometriosis is essentially gradual progression toward fibrosis, it is thus hypothesized that the six driver genes reported to be mutated in endometriosis (the RP set) may play important roles in fibrogenesis but not necessarily malignant transformation.MethodsExtensive PubMed search to see whether RP and another set of driver genes not yet reported (NR) to be mutated in endometriosis have any roles in fibrogenesis. All studies reporting on the role of fibrogenesis of the genes in both RP and NR sets were retrieved and evaluated in this review.ResultsAll six RP genes were involved in various aspects of fibrogenesis as compared with only three NR genes. These nine genes can be anchored in networks linking with their upstream and downstream genes that are known to be aberrantly expressed in endometriosis, piecing together seemingly unrelated findings.ConclusionsGiven that somatic driver mutations can and do occur frequently in physiologically normal tissues, it is argued that these mutations in endometriosis are not necessarily synonymous with malignancy or premalignancy, but the result of enormous pressure for fibrogenesis.
Argon cluster cleaning of Ga+ FIB‐milled sections of organic and hybrid materials
Authors: Tiddia Mariavitalia , Seah Martin P. , Shard Alex G. , Mula Guido , Havelund Rasmus , Gilmore Ian S. 
Published: August 2018

Secondary ion mass spectrometry studies have been made of the removal of the degraded layer formed on polymeric materials when cleaning focused ion beam (FIB)‐sectioned samples comprising both organic and inorganic materials with a 30‐keV Ga+ FIB. The degraded layer requires a higher‐than‐expected Ar gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) dose for its removal, and it is shown that this arises from a significant reduction in the layer sputtering yield compared with that for the undamaged polymer. Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter calculations for many FIB angles of incidence on flat polymer surfaces show the depth of the damage and of the implantation of the Ga+ ions, and these are compared with the measured depth profiles for Ga+‐implanted flat polymer surfaces at several angles of incidence using an Ar+ GCIB. The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter depth and the measured dose give the sputtering yield volume for this damaged and Ga+‐implanted layer. These, and literature yield values for Ga+ damaged layers, are combined on a plot showing how the changing sputtering yield is related to the implanted Ga density for several polymer materials. This plot contains data from both the model flat poly(styrene) surfaces and FIB‐milled sections showing that these 2 surfaces have the same yield reduction. The results show that the damaged and Ga+‐implanted layer's sputtering rate, after FIB sectioning, is 50 to 100 times lower than for undamaged polymers and that it is this reduction in sputtering rate, rather than any development of microtopography, that causes the high Ar+ GCIB dose required for cleaning these organic surfaces.