bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbicidal interference: glyphosate drives both the ecology and evolution of plant–herbivore interactions
Authors: Zhang Grace M. , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: November 2024

Summary
The coevolution of plants and their insect herbivores reflects eco‐evolutionary dynamics at work – ecological interactions influence adaptive traits, which feed back to shape the broader ecological community. However, novel anthropogenic stressors like herbicide, which are strong selective agents, can disrupt these dynamics. Little is known about how the evolution of herbicide resistance may impact plant–herbivore interactions.
We performed a common garden field experiment using Ipomoea purpurea (common morning glory) and the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup) to investigate the ecological effects of herbicide exposure on insect herbivory patterns and assess the potential evolutionary consequences.
We find that plants treated with glyphosate experienced higher levels of herbivory and altered chewing herbivory damage patterns. Additionally, we found that glyphosate resistance is positively associated with herbivory resistance, and uncovered positive selection for increased glyphosate resistance, suggesting that selection for increased glyphosate resistance has the potential to lead to increased herbivory resistance.
Positive selection for glyphosate resistance, coupled with the detection of genetic variation for this trait, suggests there is potential for glyphosate resistance – and herbivory resistance via hitchhiking – to further evolve. Our results show that herbicides cannot just influence, but potentially drive the eco‐evolutionary dynamics of plant–herbivore interactions.
A nuclear phylogenomic tree of grasses (Poaceae) recovers current classification despite gene tree incongruence
Authors:   Grass Phylogeny Working Group III
Published: November 2024

Summary
Grasses (Poaceae) comprise c. 11 800 species and are central to human livelihoods and terrestrial ecosystems. Knowing their relationships and evolutionary history is key to comparative research and crop breeding. Advances in genome‐scale sequencing allow for increased breadth and depth of phylogenomic analyses, making it possible to infer a new reference species tree of the family.
We inferred a comprehensive species tree of grasses by combining new and published sequences for 331 nuclear genes from genome, transcriptome, target enrichment and shotgun data. Our 1153‐tip tree covers 79% of grass genera (including 21 genera sequenced for the first time) and all but two small tribes. We compared it to a newly inferred 910‐tip plastome tree.
We recovered most of the tribes and subfamilies previously established, despite pervasive incongruence among nuclear gene trees. The early diversification of the PACMAD clade could represent a hard polytomy. Gene tree–species tree reconciliation suggests that reticulation events occurred repeatedly. Nuclear–plastome incongruence is rare, with very few cases of supported conflict.
We provide a robust framework for the grass tree of life to support research on grass evolution, including modes of reticulation, and genetic diversity for sustainable agriculture.
Accommodative behaviour and retinal defocus in highly myopic eyes fitted with a dual focus myopia control contact lens
Authors: Meyer Dawn , Gantes‐Nuñez Javier , Rickert Martin , Murthy Nitya , Chamberlain Paul , Bradley Arthur , Kollbaum Pete 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the myopic and hyperopic defocus delivered to the retina by a dual focus (DF) myopia control contact lens when myopia exceeds 6.00 D.MethodsIndividuals with high myopia were fitted bilaterally with high‐powered DF lenses containing power profiles matching a Coopervision MiSight 1 day contact lens (omafilcon A) and a Coopervision Proclear 1 day single vision (SV) lens. Wavefront measurements along the primary line of sight and across the central ±20° of the horizontal retina were acquired using a pyramidal aberrometer, while subjects accommodated to high‐contrast letter stimuli (6/12 equivalent) at six target vergences (−0.25 and −1.00 to −5.00 D). Linear mixed‐effects regression models explored the relationship between the spherical equivalent refractive error (SERE) and induced defocus.ResultsThirteen teenagers and young adults (ages 13–32 years, mean [standard deviation, SD] age = 22.8 [4.9] years) with high myopia (SERE −6.50 to −9.25 D) were tested. The treatment optic zone of the DF lens shifted retinal defocus by the expected −2.00 D, with a mean (SD) difference (DF–SV) of −2.21 (0.18) D for the inner treatment ring. Inclusion of the treatment optic had no significant impact on accommodative accuracy (p = 0.51). Accommodative lags were larger at the nearer viewing distances, with lag increasing by approximately 0.30 D for every additional dioptre of SERE. Measured retinal defocus within the annular treatment zone was approximately −2.00 D at the foveal centre, 10° nasal and temporal and 20° nasal and reduced to −1.90 (0.57) D at 20° temporal.ConclusionsRelative to eyes with lower levels of myopia, the increased accommodative lags and more prolate retinas of highly myopic eyes reduced the myopic retinal defocus from the DF myopia control lens, while the treatment optical zones generated the combined effect of reducing hyperopic and introducing myopic retinal defocus relative to an SV correction.
Ketamine sedation during air enema reduction of pediatric intussusception: Assessing safety and intraluminal pressure
Authors: Park Jun Sung , Kim Dahyun , Chun Min Kyo , Han Jeeho , Choi Seung Jun , Lee Jong Seung , Ryu Jeong‐Min , Lee Choong Wook , Kim Pyeong Hwa , Yoon Hee Mang , Cho Young Ah , Lee Jeong‐Yong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent reports have demonstrated promising results regarding the use of ketamine sedation for reducing pediatric intussusception without an associated elevated risk of bowel perforation. However, data on direct intraluminal pressure are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate sedation safety, primarily by comparing intraluminal pressure.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients aged 10 years or younger, diagnosed with intussusception at a university‐affiliated pediatric emergency department (ED) between July 2021 and February 2023. These patients were categorized into two groups: sedation and non‐sedation. During regular working hours (from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays), patients were administered 1 mg/kg of intravenous ketamine for sedation during air enema reduction. Patients within non‐working hours did not receive sedative interventions.ResultsIn a study of 114 patients with intussusception (median age: 25 months), 29 (25.4%) received sedatives, and 85 (74.6%) did not. Maximum intraluminal pressure during the procedure showed no significant difference between the groups (sedation: 64 mmHg, non‐sedation: 83 mmHg, p = 0.091). Bowel perforation was not observed in the overall cohort. No difference was observed in the failure rate or recurrence rate within 24 h between the two groups. Sedation with a median dose of 1 mg/kg ketamine did not cause delays in the ED process and demonstrated no adverse events while maintaining appropriate sedation depth with sequential dosing.ConclusionsThe utilization of ketamine sedation during fluoroscopy‐guided air enema reduction for pediatric intussusception was not associated with increased intraluminal pressure, increased rate of reduction failure, or bowel perforation.
RMI1 is essential for maintaining rice genome stability at high temperature
Authors: Liu Kangwei , Wang Mengna , Wang Lengjing , Wang Xiaofeng , Feng Haiyang , Dai Qiang , Zhang Chao , Yu Hengxiu 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYHeat is a critical environmental stress for plant survival. One of its harmful effects on the cells is the disruption of genome integrity. However, the mechanisms by which plants cope with heat‐induced DNA damage remain largely unknown. RMI1, a component of the RTR (RECQ4‐TOP3α‐RMI1) complex, plays a pivotal role in maintaining genome stability. In this study, we identified the target gene RMI1 by characterizing a high‐temperature‐sensitive mutant. The growth and development of rmi1‐1 seedlings carrying a non‐frameshift mutation in RMI1 were hindered at 38°C. Abnormal mitotic chromosome behaviours ultimately led to the cell death of root tips. Additionally, the presence of chromosome fragments during anaphase I caused pollen abortion and sterility in rmi1‐1 plants. Yeast two‐hybrid assays revealed that the interactions between RMI1‐1 and RECQ4 or TOP3α were weakened with increasing temperature and entirely ceased at 36°C. In contrast, the functional RMI1 maintained its interactions with RECQ4 or TOP3α under the same conditions. These results indicate that the non‐frameshift mutation in RMI1 disrupts the formation of the RTR complex at high temperatures, leading to defects in DNA repair and increased sensitivity of rmi1‐1 under heat stress. However, embryos of the rmi1‐cr2 mutant with a frameshift mutation in RMI1 exhibited complete lethality. In addition, the overexpression of RMI1 enhanced the heat tolerance in rice. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that RMI1 responds to high temperatures by maintaining genome stability in rice.
CsWRKY12 interacts with CsVQ4L to promote the accumulation of galloylated catechins in tender leaves of tea plants
Authors: Zhang Yongheng , Wang Jie , Xiao Yezi , Wu Yedie , Li Nana , Ding Changqing , Hao Xinyuan , Yu Youben , Wang Lu , Wang Xinchao 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYGalloylated catechins in tea leaves, primarily epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG), possess prominent biological activities. It is well established that EGCG and ECG are abundantly present in tender leaves but are less prevalent in mature leaves. However, the fundamental regulatory mechanisms underlying this distribution remain unknown. In this study, we integrated transcriptome data and catechin component levels in tea leaves from six leaf positions using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis. This analysis revealed a positive correlation between variations in CsWRKY12 expression and EGCG and ECG levels. Further investigation using yeast one‐hybrid and dual‐luciferase assays, as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assay, demonstrated that CsWRKY12 activated the transcription of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5, which encode enzymes responsible for galloylated catechins biosynthesis, by directly binding to W‐box elements in their promoters. Overexpression of CsWRKY12 in tea leaves promoted the expression of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5, leading to an increase in EGCG and ECG content. Moreover, we found that a VQ motif‐containing protein, CsVQ4L, interacted with CsWRKY12 and facilitated its transcriptional function by regulating the expression of CsSCPL4 and CsSCPL5. Collectively, our findings suggest that the interaction between CsWRKY12 and CsVQ4L contributes to the accumulation of galloylated catechins in tender leaves of tea plants.
Design of a nasopharyngeal tamponade device in canine cadavers
Authors: Allen‐Deal Anais , Lodzinska Joanna , Isaac Ingrid , Llewellyn Efa , Gow Adam , Breheny Craig 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of an improvised tamponade device allowing direct pressure to be applied to the canine nasopharynx.DesignProof‐of‐concept study using 8 canine cadavers.Methods and ResultsA tamponade device was made by placing a condom over a nasogastric tube and suturing it to match the length of the nasopharynx. The device was placed in the nasopharynx of canine cadavers via the nares and filled with diluted ioversol. Placement was then confirmed with radiography or computed tomography. Concentrated ioversol was infused into the rostral nasal cavity to assess for a nasopharyngeal seal, defined as no ioversol passing the device seen on imaging. Subjective assessment of adequate nasopharyngeal compression via digital palpation of the soft palate agreed with imaging findings. Repositioning was required in several cases, but with digital palpation, initial placement was more accurate. Subsequent effective placement and a nasopharyngeal seal were achieved in all 8 cadavers.ConclusionThis device can be placed in the canine nasopharynx, and an adequate nasopharyngeal seal can be achieved, allowing direct compression of the nasopharynx and filling of the nasal cavity with solution. Confirmation of placement was successful with digital palpation and imaging. Further studies are required to investigate the use of this device in live patients.
Interventions to mitigate reproductive concerns in individuals with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Hu Li , Xu Binbin , Zhang Linruo , Chau Pui Hing , Wu Chanchan , Choi Edmond Pui Hang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals of reproductive age with cancer may experience reproductive concerns (RCs) due to impaired fertility and disrupted family planning, which can negatively impact their quality of life and psychological well‐being. There is limited research on interventions that mitigate the negative effects of RCs among individuals with cancer.ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions developed to mitigate RCs among individuals with cancer.MethodsThis systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic search of nine English and Chinese electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL Plus, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Wan Fang Data, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and SinoMed, was conducted for relevant studies from inception to November 2023. Intervention studies designed to mitigate RCs among individuals with cancer were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal where JBI Critical appraisal tools were used. Narrative syntheses were conducted to summarize the characteristics and effectiveness of interventions due to high heterogeneity across studies.ResultsNine studies were included. Interventions were categorized into psychoeducational interventions (n = 6), couple‐based interventions facilitating open communication and intimate relationships (n = 2), and mindfulness‐based interventions (n = 1). A statistically significant reduction in RCs was observed in five psychoeducational interventions, two couple‐based interventions, and one mindfulness‐based stress reduction intervention. The effect sizes (Cohen's d) of the interventions on RCs varied substantially from 0.08 to 5.66.Linking Evidence to ActionPsychoeducation, couple‐based, and mindfulness‐based interventions demonstrated promising findings in mitigating RCs among individuals with cancer. However, more randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and rigorous designs are warranted to strengthen the current evidence.
Multirow Film-Cooling Effectiveness of Vertically Oriented Slot Cross-Section Diffusion Holes on a Turbine Nozzle Guide Vane Suction Surface
Authors: Hu Jia-Jun , An Bai-Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, a multirow film-cooling effectiveness experiment was conducted on a turbine nozzle guide vane suction surface using the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) measurement technique. Five rows of film holes were designed at the suction side with a streamwise staggered arrangement and a 6D spanwise hole spacing. Two diffusion holes constructed based on a vertically oriented slot cross-section with 14-deg and 20-deg exit expansion angles were tested. A fan-shaped hole and a horizontally oriented slot cross-section diffusion hole were chosen as the baselines, and both had a 14-deg exit expansion angle. The experiment was carried out in a linear cascade with a mainstream Reynolds number of 62000, a mainstream turbulence intensity of 3.7%, and a coolant-to-mainstream density ratio of 1.5. The four averaged blowing ratios ranged from 0.5 to 2.0. The results showed that, regardless of the blowing ratio, under intense multirow film interactions, the vertically oriented slot cross-section diffusion holes can always produce uniform and consistent film coverage on the vane suction surface. The vertically oriented slot cross-section widens the distance between the up- and downstream walls and narrows the lateral width, thereby weakening the influence of the entrance “jetting effect.” The resulting flow pattern can adapt to a larger exit expansion angle. In addition to the smaller difference under a low blowing ratio, two vertically oriented slot cross-section diffusion holes yield prominently greater multirow effectiveness than do the horizontally oriented slot cross-section diffusion hole and conventional fan-shaped hole, in which the case with a 20-deg expansion angle performs better.
Scale-Resolving Simulations of Turbulent Flow Retaining the Exact Blade Count With the Time-Inclined Method
Authors: Montiel Miguel , Corral Roque 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Simulations of the T106 low-pressure turbine linear cascade with incoming wakes have been conducted to demonstrate the suitability of the time-inclined method for retaining the exact blade count in scale-resolving simulations. The time-inclined method has been implemented into a high-order unstructured time-marching code based on the flux reconstruction method. The pitch ratio between the upstream incoming wakes and the cascade is not a small integer, and the time-inclined method is used to reduce simulations to a single-passage computational domain. Three-way comparisons have been generated: the solution of the direct periodic full domain, spanning several blade passages, is compared to the single-passage time-inclined solution and to a single-passage solution that approximates the pitch ratio to the nearest integer. Two sets of virtual experiments, which differ in modeling of the incoming perturbations, are reported. First, the immersed boundary approach is used to introduce a cascade of moving bars that act as the trailing edges of the preceding row and generate incoming wakes. The second set of simulations introduces wake-like perturbations at the inlet section of the computational domain. The present work shows that the time-inclined method, retaining the exact blade count, can produce very accurate results for turbulence-resolving simulations. Moreover, the time-inclined method outperforms the standard single-passage methodology in most of the variables of interest and is equivalent in the rest.
Robustness Analysis of Asymmetric Nonlinear Energy Sink via Nonlinear Normal Modes
Authors: Motato Eliot 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear energy sink (NES) absorbers excel compared to traditional tuned mass dampers (TMD) due to their superior efficiency over a wider range of frequencies. However, despite the advantages of NES over TMDs, their susceptibility to variations in system energy poses a challenge, particularly in applications where the main structure is subjected to random excitations. A modified NES, referred to as Asymmetric NES, significantly enhances NES robustness, expanding its potential uses. This study investigates the factors contributing to the superior robustness of asymmetric nonlinear energy sink (ANES) in comparison to the performance of traditional cubic NES. Through an analysis utilizing nonlinear normal modes (NNM) and frequency energy plots (FEP), this research shows that the improved effectiveness of asymmetric NESs is due to the intricate interaction between their NNM and the primary structure's kinetic energy FEP, leading to more robust targeted energy transfer (TET). In this work, the NNMs of tuned ANES and NES with similar mass are plotted alongside the kinetic energy FEP of a three-story shear building subjected to various earthquake ground accelerograms. The findings obtained here reveal that the NNM of the ANES absorber intersects more effectively with the system's energy FEP inducing a more effective modal energy redistribution, explaining the superior robustness of the ANES against variations in the input spectrum power.
Genome sequences of antimicrobial-resistant
Campylobacter coli
and
Campylobacter jejuni
, isolated from poultry in Ukraine
Authors: Halka Ihor , Shchur Natalia , Bortz Eric , Mandyhra Svitlana , Nedosekov Vitalii , Katsaraba Orest , Goodfellow Ian , Drown Devin M. , Kovalenko Ganna 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Genomes of a
Campylobacter coli
OR12-like strain ChP2023 (1,713,995 bp) isolated from broiler chicken and
Campylobacter jejuni
subsp.
jejuni
NCTC 11168R-like strain KF2023 (1,729,995 bp) isolated from turkey, from poultry production facilities in Ukraine in 2023, were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Both genomes included antibiotic resistance genes and other virulence factors.
MAGE-A4 pMHC-targeted CAR-T cells exploiting TCR machinery exhibit significantly improved in vivo function while retaining antigen specificity
Authors: Liu Meiou , Akahori Yasushi , Imai Naoko , Wang Linan , Negishi Kohei , Kato Takuma , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Miwa Hiroshi , Shiku Hiroshi , Miyahara Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for solid tumors has attracted considerable attention, yet their clinical efficacy remains limited. Therefore, various efforts have been made to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. As one promising strategy, incorporating the T-cell receptor (TCR) machinery into CAR structures has been reported to improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells in studies using conventional CARs targeting such as EGFR. However, in the case of peptide/major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-targeted CARs, the advantages of exploiting TCR machinery have not been fully elucidated. We recently developed MAGE-A4-derived pMHC (MAGE-A4 pMHC)-targeted CAR-T cells (MA-CAR-T cells) using a highly specific human scFv antibody against MAGE-A4p230-239/HLA-A*02:01. We aimed to determine whether MAGE-A4 pMHC-targeted CAR-T cells using the TCR machinery (Hybrid MA-TCR-T cells) exhibit superior functionality without compromising antigen specificity.MethodsWe constructed a retroviral vector expressing Hybrid MA-TCR where MAGE-A4 pMHC-specific scFv are fused to human TCR constant chains.ResultsHybrid MA-TCR-T cells demonstrated superior in vitro functions compared with MA-CAR-T cells, while maintaining strict antigen specificity. In addition, functional superiority of Hybrid MA-TCR-T cells to MA-CAR-T cells became more pronounced on repetitive antigen stimulation. In particular, Hybrid MA-TCR-T cells significantly inhibited tumor growth in an immunodeficient mouse model more effectively than MA-CAR-T cells. Ex vivo analyses indicated that their enhanced therapeutic efficacy might result from higher infiltration of functionally active, less differentiated Hybrid MA-TCR-T cells in tumor tissues.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that leveraging the TCR machinery is a promising strategy for enhancing pMHC-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, potentially leading to more effective treatments.