bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast identification of critical nodes in complex network based on improved greedy algorithm
Authors: Sun Yang , Guo Sijia , Chen Lei , Li Shengquan , Shi Dongdong , Ding Yipei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the past decades, many critical and complex systems, such as power grid, transportation network, and information network, have been effectively modeled using complex network. However, these networks are susceptible to cascading failure, triggered by minor failure, leading to partial or total collapse. Preventing cascading failure necessitates the protection of critical nodes within the network, making the identification of these nodes particularly crucial. In this paper, we introduce an Improved Greedy algorithm (IGA), inspired by the traditional greedy algorithm and the relationship between the propagation mechanism of cascading failure and N-K failure. This algorithm gets rid of the shortcomings of traditional recognition algorithms for dealing with large-scale networks with long time and low accuracy, and evaluates the critical degree of nodes based on network connectivity and overload rate. The simulation is carried out in Barabsi-Albert (BA) network and IEEE 39-, 118-bus systems, and make comparisons with other different algorithms. The results show that IGA not only has low computational complexity, but also has high accuracy in identifying critical nodes in complex networks.
A modified artificial electric field algorithm and its application
Authors: Lin Qiuhong , Zhang Lieping , Cheng Jiatang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As an efficient meta-heuristic technique, artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA) has been extensively applied to tackle various challenging tasks posed by practical scenarios. However, in the classical AEFA, the fitness function has a cumulative effect on the charge, resulting in limited search capability. To address this issue, a modified AEFA (MAEFA) is presented in this paper. More specifically, a novel charge calculation scheme is introduced to overcome the cumulative effect by gradually distinguishing the charges of particles during the evolutionary process. Further, an alternating search strategy is developed to calculate the total electrostatic force, thereby reinforcing the guiding effect of excellent individuals on the entire population. Subsequently, the performance of MAEFA is investigated using 42 well-benchmarked functions, two chaotic time series prediction problems, and two engineering design problems. Experimental results reveal that MAEFA is more competitive in comparison with several established AEFAs and 20 popular meta-heuristic techniques.
Impact of negative gate stress on the reliability of p-GaN gate HEMT devices under dynamic switching operation
Authors: Ai Yue , Song Xiufeng , Liu Shuang , Yu Longyang , Dai Tianjun , Wang Hanze , Wang Zhongxu , You Shuzhen , Zhao Shenglei , Hao Yue , Zhang Jincheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of single stress (negative gate bias stress) and combined stress (both negative gate bias stress and drain voltage stress) on the instability of the threshold voltage (VTH) on p-GaN gate HEMT devices during dynamic switching operation. The dynamic VTH shift during pulsed negative gate bias stress was investigated for the first time. The VTH exhibits an initial rapid increase upon the initiation of stress and a slight decrease with increasing stress time. For the applied stresses of VGS = −1/−2/−3 V, the VTH shift values were, respectively, 0.12/0.16/0.19 V at the stress time of 100 s. Under the stress of VGS = −3 V and VDS = 100 V, the shift value of VTH was 0.61 V. After the combined stress, the saturation and off-state leakage currents exhibited a significant reduction, with the latter decreasing by one order of magnitude after the reverse voltage stress. When only a negative gate bias stress is applied, the degradation of the device can recover quickly after the stress is removed. In contrast, the positive shift in VTH caused by the drain-voltage stress is difficult to recover. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the VTH shift mentioned above were explored. Under single-stress conditions, the shift in VTH is associated with shallow traps that trap electrons. Meanwhile, under the combined stress, the degradation of Vth was also affected by the deep-level traps.
Artificial meerkat algorithm: a new metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems
Authors: Wang Xiaowei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, a novel artificial meerkat optimization algorithm (AMA) is proposed to simulate the cooperative behaviors of meerkat populations. The AMA algorithm is designed with two sub-populations, multiple search strategies, a multi-stage elimination mechanism, and a combination of information sharing and greedy selection strategies. Drawing inspiration from the intra-population learning behavior, the algorithm introduces two search mechanisms: single-source learning and multi-source learning. Additionally, inspired by the sentinel behavior of meerkat populations, a search strategy is proposed that combines Gaussian and Lévy variations. Furthermore, inspired by the inter-population aggression behavior of meerkat populations, the AMA algorithm iteratively applies these four search strategies, retaining the most suitable strategy while eliminating others to enhance its applicability across complex optimization problems. Experimental results comparing the AMA algorithm with seven state-of-the-art algorithms on 53 test functions demonstrate that the AMA algorithm outperforms others on 71.7% of the test functions. Moreover, experiments on challenging engineering optimization problems confirm the superior performance of the AMA algorithm over alternative algorithms.
Understanding the stability of finite double walled phenine and its hybrid structures using DFT investigation
Authors: Sharma Amrish , Kaur Sandeep , Sharma Hitesh , Mudahar Isha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We have performed ab initio calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the structural and electronic properties of finite double wall phenine nanotubes and their hybrid structures with armchair carbon nanotubes. The result shows that double wall phenine nanotubes and the hybrid structures are quite stable. The stability of structure is strongly depends on inter-layer separation between the two tubes. The double walled phenine nanotubes are more stable than their corresponding pristine armchair tubes and exhibit a semi-conducting nature with a HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.78 eV and 2.80 eV. The hybrid structures have a small electronic gap between 0.13eV-0.56 eV similar to double wall armchair nanotubes. The results highlight the possibility of the synthesis of novel semi-conducting double wall phenine structures.
Atomic H over crystal surface: effective potential dependence on sample properties
Authors: Silaev P , Tolokonnikov A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We considered the behavior of the lowest electronic level of atomic H in a semi-infinite space bounded by a flat surface. We impose a third kind boundary condition on the electronic wave functions, where the boundary condition parameter models the adsorbent properties of the surface. For the crystal surface, the double periodic function as the boundary parameter seems reasonable; therefore, this case is considered. It is shown that there are two modes of atom adsorption on the sample surface depending on the parameters of the boundary condition. In the first case the effective atomic potential, considered as a function of the distance between H and the boundary plane, exhibits a well pronounced minimum at some finite distance and a relatively small effective range of interaction distances between the atoms and samples. The second case occurs under the condition of a large positive affinity of the atomic electron to the sample boundary and low initial H-concentration inside the sample. In such a situation, the minimum of the effective potential is close to the sample surface, and a significant amount of energy can be emitted throughout the adsorption process.
High-efficiency adsorption of HF and HCN gases by transition metal X (X=Pd, Mo, Ni) doped WS2 :a first-principles study
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Liang Yongchao , Chen Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article studies the adsorption effect of pristine WS2 and Pd, Mo, Ni-doped WS2 on HF and HCN gases based on density functional theory. The energy band structure, density of states (DOS), charge differential density (CDD), adsorption energy, charge transfer, and molecular orbitals of the materials are calculated. The results show that Pd, Mo, Ni-doped WS2 significantly improve the adsorption energy of HF and HCN gases. Moreover, the Mo_WS2/HF system exhibits a charge transfer of 0.48 e, significantly higher than other systems. Mo_WS2 and Ni_WS2 systems exhibit an increase in transferred charges compared to pristine WS2 as adsorbing HCN, which are easy to adsorb HCN. Using recovery time as an indicator, Mo_WS2 is the most suitable for adsorbing HF between 300 K and 400 K, while Ni_WS2 is the most suitable for adsorbing HCN. Analyzed the application of materials in adsorbing harmful gases HF and HCN.
Optimizing non-toxic (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite solar cells by SCAPS-1D
Authors: Mohammed Mustafa K A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low-dimensional bismuth-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated some benefits over lead-based PSCs for nontoxicity and remarkable stability. These two factors are now the primary concerns in the photovoltaic community. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs using the lead Pb-free chemical methylammonium bismuth iodide (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 is severely limited due to the poor quality of the photoactive material. The objective of this study was to investigate the intrinsic impacts of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite by using SCAPS-1D (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) to simulate the PSCs and the adjustment of relevant physical parameters to closely match experimental results. Moreover, the cells were optimized based on (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 film thickness, total defect density of (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9, optical bandgap, and interfacial defects. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the current–voltage (J-V) plots and quantum efficiency (QE) feature, the best values of perovskite thickness, bandgap, and defect density were determined to be 100 nm, 1.6 eV, and 1014 cm−3, respectively. Furthermore, defects in the interfaces between the electron transport layer (ETL)/(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 and hole transport layer (HTL)/(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 were added, and their influence on performance was also investigated. Accordingly, the optimum cell has realized a record PCE of 9.043% and a high quantum efficiency exceeding 60%, which is comparable to those of some Pb-free perovskite analogues. The operational temperature calculations showed that all parameters remain relatively constant with increasing temperature. Therefore, the results imply that the simulated Pb-free PSCs can be stable in a thermal environment. The proposed structural layout and optimization approach can encourage more study and actual applications for Pb-free organometallic perovskite solar cells.
Two fitness inference schemes compared using allele frequencies from 1068 391 sequences sampled in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zeng Hong-Li , Yang Cheng-Long , Jing Bo , Barton John , Aurell Erik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Throughout the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, genetic variation has contributed to the spread and persistence of the virus. For example, various mutations have allowed SARS-CoV-2 to escape antibody neutralization or to bind more strongly to the receptors that it uses to enter human cells. Here, we compared two methods that estimate the fitness effects of viral mutations using the abundant sequence data gathered over the course of the pandemic. Both approaches are grounded in population genetics theory but with different assumptions. One approach, tQLE, features an epistatic fitness landscape and assumes that alleles are nearly in linkage equilibrium. Another approach, MPL, assumes a simple, additive fitness landscape, but allows for any level of correlation between alleles. We characterized differences in the distributions of fitness values inferred by each approach and in the ranks of fitness values that they assign to sequences across time. We find that in a large fraction of weeks the two methods are in good agreement as to their top-ranked sequences, i.e. as to which sequences observed that week are most fit. We also find that agreement between the ranking of sequences varies with genetic unimodality in the population in a given week.
The effects of conical singularity and the Wu–Yang magnetic monopole on the thermodynamic properties of a harmonic oscillator interacting with a potential
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin , Bouzenada Abdelmalek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the thermodynamic variables of a harmonic oscillator in a conical geometry metric. Moreover, we introduce an external field in the form of a Wu–Yang magnetic monopole (WYMM) and an inverse square potential into the system and analyze the results. Using an analytical approach, we obtain the energy level and study the thermodynamics at finite temperature. Our findings demonstrate that thermodynamic variables, except for the specific heat and entropy, are influenced by the topological parameters, the strength of the WYMM, and the inverse square potential.
Wavelength-tunable high-repetition-rate pulse generation in a SOA-based fiber laser with gain instability
Authors: Ivanenko A V , Bednyakova A E , Smirnov S V , Rybak A A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introducing negative optical feedback into a semiconductor optical amplifier-based laser presents a straightforward and effective approach for generating high-repetition-rate pulses through the mechanism of self-sustaining cross-gain modulation. In this work, we demonstrate, for the first time, the tunability of high-frequency pulse generation over a wide wavelength range by adjusting the central transmission wavelength of a tunable filter. Our laser system achieved a full tuning range from 1480 nm to 1556 nm (76 nm) while maintaining pulsed lasing. Remarkably, the laser exhibited a maximum pulse contrast exceeding 85% over a tuning range of 43 nm, from 1505.7 nm to 1548.7 nm. At any wavelength within this range, stable, self-starting pulse generation was consistently achieved, with a pulse repetition rate of 1.3 GHz.
Effect of temperature on the scintillation properties of pure LaCl3 and Cs2LiYCl6:Ce crystals for neutron spectroscopy
Authors: Ahn Seon-Woo , Luan Nguyen Thanh , Vuong Phan Quoc , Nam U.W. , Kim H.J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Lunar Vehicle Radiation Dosimeters (LVRAD) project, run by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, is currently in the detector R&D phase. Its mission is to measure the radiation exposure experienced by astronauts on the lunar surface and to search for water and radioactive isotopes. This study focuses on inorganic scintillator R&D for neutron spectroscopy, which is essential for the LVRAD project. Two candidates, pure LaCl3 and Cs2LiYCl6:Ce enriched with 95% 6Li (CLYC-6) detectors, were investigated in this work. Though their neutron spectroscopy performance meets radiation hardness requirements, the temperature-dependent performance of the detectors needs to be clearly understood to ensure reliable operation in space. Therefore, the performance of pure LaCl3 and CLYC-6 detectors was investigated for working temperatures ranging from -30∘C to +50∘C. The dimensions of the scintillators used for measurements were Φ1.5 inch × 1.0 inch for pure LaCl3 and Φ1.5 inch × 1.5 inches for CLYC-6. Scintillation performance was measured using a Hamamatsu H7195 photomultiplier tube with a 500 MHz flash analog-to-digital converter. The detectors were operated in a large temperature and humidity chamber across a temperature range from -30∘C to +50∘C, and the temperature dependence of the pulse shape discrimination performance for fast and thermal neutrons was measured using pure LaCl3 and CLYC-6, respectively. The effect of the temperature on the absolute light yield, energy resolution, and decay times was also measured. Based on the results, the pure LaCl3 and CLYC-6 detectors proved suitable for neutron spectroscopy for the LVRAD project.
SIDDHARTA-2 apparatus for kaonic atoms research on the DAΦNE collider
Authors: Sirghi F. , Iliescu M. , Abbene L. , Amsler C. , Bazzi M. , Borghi G. , Bosnar D. , Bragadireanu M. , Buttacavoli A. , Carminati M. , Cargnelli M. , Clozza A. , Deda G. , De Paolis L. , Del Grande R. , Dulski K. , Fabbietti L. , Fiorini C. , Friščić I. , Guaraldo C. , Iwasaki M. , Khreptak A. , Manti S. , Marton J. , Moskal P. , Napolitano F. , Niedźwiecki S. , Ohnishi H. , Piscicchia K. , Principato F. , Scordo A. , Sgaramella F. , Sirghi D. , Skurzok M. , Silarski M. , Spallone A. , Toho K. , Toscano L. , Tüchler M. , Vazquez Doce O. , Zmeskal J. , Curceanu C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
SIDDHARTA-2 is a state-of-the-art experiment designed to
perform measurements of kaonic atoms, which are exotic atoms
composed of a negatively charged kaon orbiting nucleus. These atoms
constitute an exceptional probe for investigating the strong
interaction in the non-perturbative regime involving strangeness.
The experiment is installed at the DAΦNE electron-positron
collider of the INFN National Laboratory of Frascati (INFN-LNF) in
Italy, aiming to perform the first-ever measurement of the
2p → 1s X-ray transitions in kaonic Deuterium, a crucial
step towards determining the isospin-dependent antikaon-nucleon
scattering lengths. Based on the experience gained with the previous
SIDDHARTA experiment, which performed the most precise measurement
of the kaonic Hydrogen 2p → 1s X-ray transitions, the
present apparatus has been upgraded with innovative X-Ray Silicon
Drift Detectors (SDDs), distributed around a cryogenic gaseous
target placed in a vacuum chamber at a short distance above the
interaction region of the collider, two new veto systems and a
charged kaon detector. The current work presents a comprehensive
description of the SIDDHARTA-2 setup, including the optimization of
its various components during the commissioning phase of the
collider.
Design and development of smart AI-based voice assistive ergonomic commode wheelchair for mobility and rehabilitation
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kaushal Rajesh Kumar , Verma Sanjeev , Sharma Manish , Kukreja Vinay , Pathan Sameena , Ali Tanweer 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing assistive devices for the elderly and disabled, primarily addressing the challenges associated with traditional wheelchairs. While wheelchairs are widely used for basic mobility, the research identifies several issues in existing products, such as a lack of attention to ergonomic features, anthropometric principles, and limited technological interventions. One major concern is the discomfort experienced by users over extended periods, especially when essential design elements like height and back adjustments are neglected. Another challenge highlighted is the issue of defecation, particularly in the absence of a caregiver. This dependency on caretakers can be mentally burdensome for users, raising privacy concerns during such personal activities. To address these issues, this research proposes a solution that integrates ergonomic features and incorporates low-cost technological interventions, including artificial intelligence-based voice assistance. The ultimate goal of this paper is to design and introduce an AI-based voice-assisted ergonomic wheelchair that not only supports basic mobility but also ensures comfort over extended periods. The proposed solution aims to incorporate a commode feature for defecation within a smart ergonomic wheelchair equipped with voice assistance and provide comfort to the user(s). The design prioritizes anthropometric dimensions, ensuring comfort and convenience for users across various age groups. Employing SolidWorks software, a stable and robust model has been designed, and its durability was assessed through stress analysis using the SolidWorks simulation tool by applying a 981 Newton load on the wheelchair's frame using two different materials (steel and aluminum). The maximum stress value is less than the yield strength, and the deformation is 2.57 e+00 mm for the steel frame, indicating that the design is stable and durable compared to the aluminum structure. The proposed voice-assistive, ergonomic, AI-based wheelchair with a commode cavity is a revolutionary development for the healthcare sector in terms of innovation.
Re-imagining the use of integrated assessment models from a social science perspective—lessons from the Sustainable Development Pathways (SDP)
Authors: Hernandez Ariel Macaspac , Cornell Sarah E , Keppler Dorothee , Daioglou Vassilis , Soergel Bjoern 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Socio-political factors in Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), and their scenario narratives often lack transparency for policymakers and interdisciplinary scholars. As these tools increasingly support sustainable development goals, their assumptions and methodologies require scrutiny, particularly from social scientists. We address critiques of climate isolationism, overemphasis on technological transitions, and insufficient inter- and transdisciplinarity, advocating for robust interdisciplinary integration and clearer methodological transparency. Our recommendations stem from expert interviews and over 200 stakeholders across 30 countries from 2019 to 2024, emphasizing the need for cohesive theory and comprehensive social science engagement to refine these critical tools. Our main case study uses a new scenario set, the Sustainable Development Pathways (SDPs), that made substantial efforts to address social sciences critiques. The SDPs consist of both narratives and IAM-quantified target-seeking scenarios that are supported by social science concepts and theories to ensure not only theoretical coherence, but also their credibility among policymakers. As such tools are increasingly used to facilitate policies and actions for sustainability transformation, questions are raised about how they can effectively represent the complexities behind the current polycrisis that is marked by the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, economic inequality and social injustice. The paper concludes by reflecting on the remaining challenges and open questions related to the role of exogenous sociopolitical factors, the potential for scenarios to transcend political ideologies, and the need for ongoing adaptation of SDPs to reflect the dynamic global context. It calls for continued engagement and exploration of these issues to ensure the scientific representation of sustainable and equitable futures.
Reduction of the Laplace sequence and sine-Gordon type equations
Authors: Khakimova A R , Faizulina K I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we continue the development of methods for constructing Lax pairs and recursion operators for nonlinear integrable hyperbolic equations of soliton type, previously proposed in the work of Habibullin et al (2016 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
49 035202). This approach is based on the use of the well-known theory of Laplace transforms. The article completes the proof that for any known integrable equation of sine-Gordon type, the sequence of Laplace transforms associated with its linearization admits a third-order finite-field reduction. It is shown that the found reductions are closely related to the Lax pair and recursion operators for both characteristic directions of the given hyperbolic equation. Previously unknown Lax pairs and recursion operators were constructed.