bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality due to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in low-income settings: an autopsy study
Authors: Hurtado Juan Carlos , Castillo Paola , Fernandes Fabiola , Navarro Mireia , Lovane Lucilia , Casas Isaac , Quintó Llorenç , Marco Francesc , Jordao Dercio , Ismail Mamudo R. , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Martinez-Palhares Antonio E. , Ferreira Luiz , Lacerda Marcus , Monteiro Wuelton , Sanz Ariadna , Letang Emilio , Marimon Lorena , Jesri Susan , Cossa Anelsio , Mandomando Inacio , Vila Jordi , Bassat Quique , Ordi Jaume , Menéndez Clara , Carrilho Carla , Martínez Miguel J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCryptococcosis is a major opportunistic infection and is one of the leading causes of death in adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent estimates indicate that more than 130,000 people may die annually of cryptococcal meningitis in this region. Although complete diagnostic autopsy (CDA) is considered the gold standard for determining the cause of death, it is seldom performed in low income settings. In this study, a CDA was performed in 284 deceased patients from Mozambique (n = 223) and Brazil (n = 61). In depth histopathological and microbiological analyses were carried out in all cases dying of cryptococcosis. We determined the cryptococcal species, the molecular and sero-mating types and antifungal susceptibility. We also described the organs affected and reviewed the clinical presentation and patient management. Among the 284 cases included, 17 fatal cryptococcal infections were diagnosed. Cryptococcus was responsible for 16 deaths among the 163 HIV-positive patients (10%; 95%CI: 6–15%), including four maternal deaths. One third of the cases corresponded to C. gattii (VGI and VGIV molecular types, Bα and Cα strains) and the remaining infections typed were caused by C. neoformans var. Grubii (all VNI and Aα strains). The level of pre-mortem clinical suspicion was low (7/17, 41%), and 7/17 patients (41%) died within the first 72 hours of admission. Cryptococcosis was responsible for a significant proportion of AIDS-related mortality. The clinical diagnosis and patient management were inadequate, supporting the need for cryptococcal screening for early detection of the disease. This is the first report of the presence of C. gattii infection in Mozambique.
Sperm selection with density gradient centrifugation and swim up: effect on DNA fragmentation in viable spermatozoa
Authors: Muratori M. , Tarozzi N. , Carpentiero F. , Danti S. , Perrone F. M. , Cambi M. , Casini A. , Azzari C. , Boni L. , Maggi M. , Borini A. , Baldi E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubjects increasing sperm DNA fragmentation (sDF) during Density Gradient Centrifugation (DGC), a common sperm selection procedure in Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ARTs), experience a 50% lower probability of pregnancy. Hence, identification of these subjects is of clinical importance. Here, we investigated whether such subjects are identified with higher accuracy detecting DNA fragmentation in viable (viable sDF) instead of total spermatozoa (total sDF) and whether swim up, an alternative procedure to DGC, does not increase sDF. With DGC, we identified 10/20 subjects increasing total sDF, and 2 more subjects using viable sDF. With swim up, we identified 8/40 subjects increasing total sDF, and 8 more subjects using viable sDF. In addition, viable sDF reveals more accurately the increase of the damage when it occurs. Finally, a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the proportional increase of sDF was higher after DGC respect to swim up. In conclusion, viable sDF is a more accurate parameter to reveal the increase of the damage by selection both with swim up and DGC. Swim up increases sDF in some samples, although at a lesser extent than DGC, suggesting that it should be used to select spermatozoa for ARTs when possible.
Novel Iodine-induced Cleavage Real-time PCR Assay for Accurate Quantification of Phosphorothioate Modified Sites in Bacterial DNA
Authors: Chen Yi , Zheng Tao , Li Jinli , Cui Jinjie , Deng Zixin , You Delin , Yang Litao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDNA Phosphorothioate (PT), replacing a non-bridging phosphate oxygen atom with a sulfur atom, is one kind of common DNA modification in bacteria. Whole genome scale description of the location and frequency of PT modification is the key to understand its biological function. Herein we developed a novel method, named with iodine-induced cleavage quantitative real-time PCR (IC-qPCR), to evaluate the frequency of PT modification at a given site in bacterial DNA. The efficiency, dynamic range, sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy of IC-qPCR were well tested and verified employing an E. coli B7A strain as example. The amplification efficiency of IC-qPCR assay ranged from 91% to 99% with a high correlation coefficient ≥0.99. The limit of quantification was determined as low as 10 copies per reaction for the 607710 and 1818096 sites, and 5 copies for the 302695 and 4120753 sites. Based on the developed IC-qPCR method, the modification frequency of four PTs in E. coli B7A was determined with high accuracy, and the results showed that the PT modification was partial and that the modification frequency varied among investigated PT sites. All these results showed that IC-qPCR was suitable for evaluating the PT modification, which would be helpful to further understand the biological function of PT modification.
The target specificity of the RNA binding protein Pumilio is determined by distinct co-factors
Authors: Malik Sumira , Jang Wijeong , Park Song Yeon , Kim Ji Young , Kwon Ki-Sun , Kim Changsoo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Puf family proteins are translational regulators essential to a wide range of biological processes, including cell fate specification, stem cell self-renewal, and neural function. Yet, despite being associated with hundreds of RNAs, the underlying mechanisms of Puf target specification remain to be fully elucidated. In Drosophila, Pumilio – a sole Puf family protein – is known to collaborate with cofactors Nanos (Nos) and Brain Tumor (Brat); however, their roles in target specification are not clearly defined. Here, we identify Bag-of-marbles (Bam) as a new Pum cofactor in repression of Mothers against dpp (mad) mRNAs, for which Nos is known to be dispensable. Notably, our data show that Nos (but not Bam) was required for Pum association with hunchback (hb) mRNAs, a well-known target of Pum and Nos. In contrast, Bam (but not Nos) was required for Pum association with mad mRNAs. These findings show for the first time that Pum target specificity is determined not independently but in collaboration with cofactors.
New method for experimental modal analysis of hydrogenerator's stator core using the excitation from the Poles
Authors: de Barros Allan , D'Agostini Alexandre , Penteado Thierre Zulzke , Kato Norio , Cunha André Alves , Faria Egidio José , Haluska Carlos , Hamaji Fernando Hiroyuki , Nabeta Silvio Ikuyo , Chabu Ivan Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

The study of stator core vibrations generated by electromagnetic forces in electrical machines is of great practical and theoretical interest. An important part of the problem is the correct determination of mode shapes and eigen frequencies of the mechanical system. This work brings to discussion a new experimental modal analysis (EMA) method developed for synchronous machines in which the traditional instrumented hammer impulse is substituted by a magnetic pulse generated by currents applied in two poles. Experimental results obtained in a real 190 MVA hydrogenerator are shown.
Verordnungshäufigkeit und Inanspruchnahme von sport- und bewegungstherapeutischen Leistungen in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation 2006–2013
Authors: Gabrys Lars , Schmidt Christian 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Maßnahmen der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie stellen sowohl inhaltlich als auch umfänglich den weitaus größten Teil therapeutischer Maßnahmen in der kardiologischen Rehabilitation dar. Zur Sicherung des Behandlungserfolgs und zum Erhalt der körperlichen Leistungs- und Arbeitsfähigkeit wird zudem eine langfristige Bindung an sporttherapeutische Angebote wie den Rehabilitationssport im Anschluss an die Rehabilitation angestrebt. Ziel der Studie ist es sowohl Verordnungsraten als auch die tatsächliche Inanspruchnahme von Nachsorgeleistungen im Anschluss an die kardiologische Rehabilitation systematisch zu evaluieren.
Methodik Es werden Verordnungs- und Inanspruchnahmeraten von Nachsorgeleistungen in Abhängigkeit einer Anschlussrehabilitation bzw. eines Heilverfahrens im Zeitverlauf der Reha-Kohorten 2006–2013 unter der Verwendung von Versichertendaten der Deutschen Rentenversicherung analysiert.
Ergebnisse Trotz abnehmender Verordnungsraten stellt Rehabilitationssport mit 55,7% (M) und 62,6 (F) die am häufigsten verordnete Nachsorgeleistung im Jahr 2013 dar. Im Gegensatz zu abnehmenden Verordnungsraten von 64,2 auf 55,7% (M) und von 68,0 auf 62,6% (F) in der Anschlussrehabilitation, kann je nach Geschlecht und Art der sporttherapeutischen Leistung eine Steigerung der Inanspruchnahme zwischen 3–7% über die Zeit beobachtet werden.
Schlussfolgerung Insgesamt erscheinen Inanspruchnahmeraten von 9,7–22,5% (2012) jedoch als nach wie vor zu gering zur Erzielung der angestrebten Bindung an körperliche Aktivität. Zukünftig sollten verstärkt Determinanten die einer Inanspruchnahme im Wege stehen evaluiert werden.
Ellbogenluxation bei Geburt? – Differenzialdiagnose von Ellbogenpathologien bei Geburt
Authors: Pokall Stefan , Sterniste Walter , Pärtan Gerald , Hartmann Beda , Girsch Werner 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWir berichten einen Fall von isolierter Kongenitaler Radiusköpfchenluxation (kRKL) bei einem Neugeborenen nach vaginaler Geburt aus Beckenendlage. Die Assoziationen dieser Geburtsmodalität führten zu der Fehldiagnose einer Ellbogenluxation. Die Ellbogenluxation ist eine häufige Fehldiagnose der kRKL, obwohl sie insbesondere bei Kindern unter einem Jahr bisher nicht berichtet wurde. Für den erfahrenen Kliniker führen jedoch die wiederholte klinische Untersuchung zusammen mit der geeigneten Bildgebung zum Ausschluß dieser Diagnose. Die kRKL kann bis in das Jugendalter asymptomatisch bleiben. Sofern keine Schmerzen oder funktionelle Beeinträchtigung vorliegen ist keine Therapie notwendig. Wir nahmen diesen Fall zum Anlass, neonatale Ellbogen-Auffälligkeiten in diesem Bericht zusammenzufassen.
Cuff-assisted versus cap-assisted colonoscopy for adenoma detection: results of a randomized study
Authors: Sola-Vera Javier , Catalá Lourdes , Uceda Francisco , Picó María Dolores , Pérez Rabasco Estefanía , Sáez Jesús , Jiménez Nuria , Arjona María Dolores , Fernández María , Girona Eva , García-Sepulcre Mariana Fe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background The adenoma detection rate (ADR) is the most important marker of colonoscopy quality. Devices to improve adenoma detection have been developed, such as the Endocuff and transparent cap. The aim of the current study was to examine whether there was a difference in ADR between Endocuff-assisted (EAC) and cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC).
Methods A randomized prospective trial was conducted. Eligible patients included adults ≥ 18 years referred because of symptoms, surveillance, or colonoscopies as part of the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (BCSP). The primary outcome measure was ADR. Secondary outcomes included mean number of adenomas, mean number of polyps, polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, and time to cecal intubation. Procedural measures, device removal rate, and adverse events were also recorded.
Results A total of 711 patients (51.1 % men; median age 63 years) were included, of whom 357 patients were randomized to EAC and 354 patients to CAC. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the ADR was similar in both groups: EAC 50.4 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 45.1 – 55.7) vs. CAC 50.6 % (95 %CI 45.2 – 55.9). Similar results were obtained in the per-protocol analysis: EAC 51.6 % (95 %CI 46.2 – 57) vs. CAC 51.4 % (95 %CI 46 – 56.8). There were no differences between the two devices in ADR according to the mean number of adenomas and polyps per procedure, polyp detection rate, cecal intubation rate, and time to cecal intubation. Device removal rate and adverse events were also similar.
Conclusion In this randomized study, no differences in ADR were found between Endocuff- and cap-assisted colonoscopy.
Tissue Factor and Cancer: Regulation, Tumor Growth, and Metastasis
Authors: Hisada Yohei , Mackman Nigel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a strong relationship between tissue factor (TF) and cancer. Many cancer cells express high levels of both full-length TF and alternatively spliced (as) TF. TF expression in cancer is associated with poor prognosis. In this review, the authors summarize the regulation of TF expression in cancer cells and the roles of TF and asTF in tumor growth and metastasis. A variety of different signaling pathways, transcription factors and micro ribonucleic acids regulate TF gene expression in cancer cells. The TF/factor VIIa complex enhances tumor growth by activating protease-activated receptor 2 signaling and by increasing the expression of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. AsTF increases tumor growth by enhancing integrin β1 signaling. TF and asTF also contribute to metastasis via multiple thrombin-dependent and independent mechanisms that include protecting tumor cells from natural killer cells. Finally, a novel anticancer therapy is using tumor TF as a target to deliver cytotoxic drugs to the tumor. TF may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer.
Seizures in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Rissardo Jamir Pitton , Caprara Ana Letícia Fornari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive pulmonary vasculopathy. A 29-year-old female patient presenting with dyspnea and syncope within 6 hours of onset was admitted to our hospital. The patient stated that she looked for a neurologist months ago because she experienced abrupt shaking limbs occurring during physical activity. She was diagnosed with focal seizure, and carbamazepine (CBZ) was started. On admission, she reported that the dyspnea had started in the last week and recurrent episodes of syncope in the last few hours. A right heart catheterization was diagnostic of PAH. She was started on spironolactone, furosemide, sildenafil, warfarin, and supplemental oxygen. On 10th admission day, the patient was seizure free and the dose of CBZ was tapered. In the follow-up, the patient remained seizure free. An investigation to search for a chronic lung disease or hypoxemia, systemic disorder, hematological disorder, and metabolic disorder was negative.
Cationic radionuclides and ligands for targeted therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Egorova Bayirta V. , Fedorova Olga A. , Kalmykov Stepan N. 
Published: May 2019

This review considers the already used and potential α- and β-emitting cationic radionuclides for targeted radionuclide therapy. Recent results of laboratory, preclinical and clinical applications of these radionuclides are discussed. As opposed to β-emitters, which are already used in nuclear medicine, α-emitters involved in targeted radiopharmaceuticals were subjected to clinical trials only recently and were found to be therapeutically effective. The review summarizes recent trends in the development of ligands as components of radiopharmaceuticals addressing specific features of short-lived cationic radionuclides applied in medicine. Despite a steadily growing number of chelating ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) remain the most widely used agents in nuclear medicine. The drawbacks of these compounds restrict the application of radionuclides in medicine. Variations in the macrocycle size, the introduction and modification of substituents can significantly improve the chelating ability of ligands, enhance stability of radionuclide complexes with these ligands and eliminate the influence of ligands on the affinity of biological targeting vectors.
The bibliography includes 189 references.
Introduction
Authors: Howard Martin , Ågren Malin 
Published: May 2019

RésuméDans cette introduction, nous caractérisons le phénomène phonologique que constitue la liaison en français en faisant référence à ses contextes d’emploi morphosyntaxiques. Ensuite, nous présentons un court survol des recherches antérieures sur l’acquisition de la liaison en langue seconde du point de vue du défi qu’elle pose par rapport à sa compréhension chez l’apprenant, ainsi que par rapport à sa production dans les lectes d’apprenants. Nous identifions aussi les résultats principaux dans chaque domaine. Nous concluons par un bref résumé des articles du numéro qui met en lumière quelques questions importantes concernant l’acquisition de cet aspect de la phonologie du français.
Learning to read liaison in French as a Foreign Language
Authors: Detey Sylvain , Racine Isabelle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany of the studies devoted to the acquisition of liaison in French as a foreign language have been carried out with advanced learners, whose first languages were often typologically close to French, and typically without much consideration to the graphophonemic dimension, which is an essential part of the learning process. In this article, we provide a brief overview of the linguistic and contextual factors in the acquisition of liaison by Japanese learners of French in Japan, with a particular focus on the connection between literacy and phonological skills. We then present initial results of a two-year longitudinal study (four sessions) of text-reading tasks with beginner Japanese learners of French (n = 12) in Tokyo, using the same tasks employed in two large corpora of French native (PFC) and non-native (IPFC) speakers/readers. Our data offer a glimpse into the evolution of these learners during the initial acquisition of L2 phonological/literacy skills.
The production of preverbal liaison in Swedish learners of L2 French
Authors: Ågren Malin , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of preverbal liaison (e.g.ils arrivent/ilzaʀiv/) in second language (L2) French has rarely been explored in detail in previous studies on obligatory liaison. In this study, we conducted an elicited imitation test in order to study the influence of proficiency level, modality (spoken or written), and verb frequency on the use of preverbal liaison among 42 Swedish learners of L2 French and 21 native speakers of French. The results indicate that L2 beginners had considerable difficulty with the production of preverbal liaison, while the most proficient L2 learners performed nearly as well as the native speakers. In addition, we observed that beginner learners, in contrast to the more proficient ones, performed better with written than spoken stimuli. Finally, we observed no impact of verb frequency on participant performance. Based on these results, we discuss the possible influence of input frequency (both type and token) on the production of preverbal liaison, and conclude that future studies need to address the input characteristics of the L2 classroom in more detail.
Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes
Authors: Reale Reid , Burke Louise M. , Cox Gregory R. , Slater Gary 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhysique traits of a range of elite athletes have been identified; however, few detailed investigations of Olympic combat sports (judo, wrestling, taekwondo and boxing) exist. This is surprising given the importance of body composition in weight category sports. We sought to develop a descriptive database of Olympic combat sport athletes, compare variables relative to weight division and examine differences within and between sports. Additionally, we investigated the appropriateness of athletes’ self‐selected weight classes compared to an internationally recognised classification system (the NCAA minimum wrestling weight scheme used to identify minimum ‘safe’ weight). Olympic combat sport athletes (56♂, 38♀) had body mass (BM), stretch stature and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry derived body composition assessed within 7–21 days of competition. Most athletes were heavier than their weight division. Sport had an effect (p < .05) on several physique traits, including; lean mass, lean mass distribution, stretch stature and BMI. BM was strongly positively correlated (r > 0.6) with; fat free mass, fat mass and body fat percentage, however, was not predictive of total mass/weight division. The Olympic combat sports differ in competitive format and physiological requirements, which is partly reflected in athletes’ physique traits. We provide reference ranges for lean and fat mass across a range of BM. Lighter athletes likely must utilise acute weight loss in order to make weight, whereas heavier athletes can potentially reduce fat mass.
Comparison of structural, mechanical and optical properties of tantalum hemicarbide with tantalum monocarbide: ab initio calculations
Authors: Jubair M , Karim A M M Tanveer , Nuruzzaman M , Zilani M A K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
First-principles calculations are employed to investigate and compare the structural, elastic and optical properties of tantalum hemicarbide Ta2C and tantalum monocarbide TaC. Calculated lattice constants of these carbides are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results. The mechanical stability of these carbides is affirmed by the estimated values of elastic constants. The estimated values of Vickers hardness indicate that TaC is harder than Ta2C. The values of Pugh’s ratio and Poisson’s ratio suggest the brittle nature of both Ta2C and TaC. The optical properties of Ta2C along two polarization directions [001] and [100] are studied in details for the first time. Our study shows that the optical properties of both Ta2C and TaC compounds compliment the electronic structure calculations. Optical constants of Ta2C show significant dependence of the state of polarization of the incident electric field, and predict this material as optically anisotropic.
Acoustic community structure and seasonal turnover in tropical South Asian birds
Authors: Krishnan Anand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Birds produce diverse acoustic signals, with coexisting species occupying distinct “acoustic niches” to minimize masking, resulting in overdispersion within acoustic space. In tropical regions of the world, an influx of migrants from temperate regions occurs during winter. The effects of these migrants on acoustic community structure and dynamics remain unstudied. Here, I show that in a tropical dry forest bird community occurring within an urban area in India, the influx of winter migrants is accompanied by a change in species composition of the acoustic community. However, in spite of this, the acoustic community remains overdispersed in acoustic niche space. The winter community of vocal birds at this study site additionally exhibits lower energy in the 4–7 kHz frequency bands (consistent with species singing less continuously), as well as lower phylogenetic diversity. My data are thus indicative of seasonal turnover in acoustic communities but suggest that acoustic niches and community structure are stable across seasons. Migrants occupy similar regions of acoustic space as residents and are relatively closely related to some of these species. Their arrival, therefore, leads to greater phylogenetic clustering in the winter and thus lower phylogenetic diversity, although the acoustic community remains overdispersed. Studying seasonal dynamics of acoustic communities thus provides valuable insight into assembly processes, as well as a potential framework for long-term monitoring of urban ecosystems.