bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic measurements of black oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani) predation on mussels (Mytilus californianus)
Authors: Miller Luke P. , Dowd William Wesley 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntertidal zone mussels can face threats from a variety of predatory species during high and low tides, and they must balance the threat of predation against other needs such as feeding and aerobic respiration. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) on the Pacific coast of North America can depend on the musselMytilus californianusfor a substantial portion of their diet. Observations suggest that oystercatchers tend to focus on mussels beginning to gape their valves during rising tides, following periods of aerial emersion. We present detailed, autonomous field measurements of the dynamics of three such predation events in the rocky intertidal zone. We measured accelerations of up to 4gimposed on mussels, with handling times of 115–290 s required to open the shell and remove the majority of tissue. In each case a single oystercatcher attacked a mussel that had gaped the shell valves slightly wider than its neighbors as the rising tide began to splash the mussel bed, but no other obvious characteristic of the mussels, such as body temperature or orientation, could be linked to the oystercatcher's individual prey choice.
The Economic Impact of Forming a European Company
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Mohamed Abdulkadir , Schwienbacher Armin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEver since 2004 companies located in Member States of the European Economic Area have been able to opt to incorporate in a supranational legal form, the Societas Europaea. We found that companies located in Member States where the Societas Europaea offers additional legal arbitrage opportunities benefit most. Moreover, our results show that the stock price reaction is positive when the decision to incorporate as an Societas Europaea involves moving the firm's registered office and that firms are moving to jurisdictions with significantly lower corporate tax rates. Finally, we found evidence of uncertainty at the registration date but not at the time of the shareholder meeting.
Taking to Bed at the End of Life
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , Gahbauer Evelyne A. , Leo‐Summers Linda , Murphy Terrence E. 
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the time course of “taking to bed” at the end of life and determine whether it differs according to age, sex, and condition leading to death.DESIGNProspective longitudinal study.SETTINGGreater New Haven, Connecticut.PARTICIPANTSA total of 651 decedents from a cohort of 754 community‐living persons, 70+ years of age.MEASUREMENTSDuring the last 2 years of life, the occurrence of bed rest and number of days in bed, two indicators of bed rest burden, were ascertained each month. Bed rest was defined as staying in bed for at least a half day due to an illness, injury, or other problem.RESULTSThe occurrence of bed rest increased modestly from 12.4% at 24 months before death to 19.0% at 5 months before death, before increasing exponentially to 51.6% at 1 month before death. The median number of days in bed fluctuated within a narrow range of 3 to 7 from 24 months to 4 months before death, before increasing substantially to a high of 14 at 1 month before death. In the last 2 years of life, the burden of bed rest did not differ by age but was significantly greater in women than men. Among the conditions leading to death, the burden of bed rest was highest among persons dying from organ failure and cancer, lowest for sudden death, and intermediate for frailty, advanced dementia, and other conditions.CONCLUSIONThe burden of bed rest at the end of life is greater in women than men, does not differ by age, and is highest among persons dying from organ failure and cancer. The steep increases observed in the last 3 to 5 months of life suggest that taking to bed may be an indicator that death is approaching and should prompt discussions about referral to hospice among older persons with serious illness.
Dental Implant Therapy in a Patient with Acromegaly: A Clinical Report
Authors: Kernen Florian R. , Bidra Avinash S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAcromegaly is an adult endocrine disorder that results from excessive growth hormone after closure of the growth plates and is associated with significant morbidity and increased mortality. The orofacial features of patients with acromegaly are thick lips with a tendency towards mandibular overgrowth with prognathism, jaw thickening, maxillary widening, drifting of teeth, malocclusion, and increased gonial angle, all of which can challenge the prosthodontist in dental rehabilitation. Additionally, excessive secretion of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factors have been shown to increase bone turnover, which in turn leads to weakening of bone microarchitecture and high risk of fragility fractures. This clinical report describes the 4‐year follow‐up of a 59‐year‐old white male with acromegaly, who was managed successfully by using dental implants for replacing his missing teeth. Considerations related to treatment planning, implant surgery, bone remodeling, and management of dental occlusion are discussed. This is the first clinical report in the dental literature describing the use of dental implants in an acromegaly patient.
A Genetic Association Study of a Specific Gene and Severe Form of Resorption in the Edentulous Mandible in the Egyptian Population
Authors: Emam Samar M. , Amin Asmaa K. , Issa Noha M. , El‐Attar Mohamed S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate for the first time in Egypt and the Middle East the relationship between a specific gene and the presence of severely resorbed edentulous mandibular ridges in a sample of the Egyptian population.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted on 50 subjects divided into case and control groups according to the residual ridge height. Saliva was used as a convenient source of DNA in the dental clinic. A certain genetic variation (1772C>T) in an important gene related to bone healing (hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha [HIF1‐α] gene) was selected. The genetic variation 1772C>T is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that occurs when corresponding sequences of DNA from different individuals differ at one base. Then, we have 2 forms of the gene (2 alleles): C and T. SNPs typically have 3 genotypes; in this study, they are the CC, CT, and TT genotypes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was the method performed for genotyping. The statistical significance of the results was evaluated by the Chi‐square test and Fisher Exact test.ResultsA statistically significant difference in the distribution of the TT genotype between both groups was detected with p‐value = 0.049. There was also a difference in the distribution of the CC and CT genotypes, but it was not statistically significant, since the p‐values were 0.733 and 0.145, respectively. The T alleles were more abundant in the case group, while the control group showed more frequency of the C allele with no statistical significance.ConclusionThe TT genotype of the 1772C>T polymorphism of HIF1‐α gene is related to the presence of severely atrophied residual ridges in completely edentulous Egyptians. This can be used as a marker to predict the future condition of the ridge using saliva samples. Further studies on larger scale are recommended.
Molecular perturbations in cholangiocarcinoma: Is it time for precision medicine?
Authors: Braconi Chiara , Roessler Stephanie , Kruk Beata , Lammert Frank , Krawczyk Marcin , Andersen Jesper B 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe complexity of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cellularity and the molecular perturbation mechanisms that underlie the diversity of growth patterns of this malignancy remain a clinical concern. Tumours of the biliary system display significant intrinsic chemoresistance, caused by significant stromal involvement and genome–wide tumour heterogeneity, hampering disease remission and palliation as well as promoting the metastatic behaviour. It is crucial to advance our present understanding of the risk and molecular pathogenesis of CCA. This will facilitate the delineation of patient subsets based on molecular perturbations and adjust for precision therapies.
Characteristics and outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with NAFLD without cirrhosis
Authors: Bengtsson Bonnie , Stål Per , Wahlin Staffan , Björkström Niklas K. , Hagström Hannes 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In NAFLD, HCC occurs more commonly in the absence of cirrhosis compared with other liver diseases; yet, patients with non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC are poorly characterized. Here, we characterized a large cohort of HCC cases and assessed the outcomes of patients with non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC.MethodsWe identified all cases of HCC treated at the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden from 2004 to 2017. Patient charts were manually reviewed for variable extraction. Cases were followed passively for all‐cause and HCC‐related mortality until the end of April 2018. Cox regression was performed to estimate mortality rates and identify mortality risk factors in patients with non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC.ResultsTotally, 1562 cases with HCC were identified. Of these, 225 (14.4%) had NAFLD‐HCC, of which 83 (37%) did not have cirrhosis. Compared with patients with cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC, patients with non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC were older (74 vs 70 years, P < 0.001), had a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (66% vs 80%, P = 0.02), larger tumours, less frequently underwent liver transplantation (0% vs 11%, P = 0.002), but more frequently underwent resection (35% vs 8%, P < 0.001). Mortality was similar (aHR for non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC vs cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC 0.93, 95% CI 0.58‐1.51, P = 0.78). Parameters independently associated with increased mortality included the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, number of tumours, lower albumin and presence of T2DM.ConclusionsPatients with non‐cirrhotic NAFLD‐HCC differ from those with cirrhosis in age, tumour size and allocated treatments. Despite these differences, survival is similar.
UNVEILing connections between genotype, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations
Authors: Nelson Thomas C. , Jones Matthew R. , Velotta Jonathan P. , Dhawanjewar Abhilesh S. , Schweizer Rena M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the links between genetic variation and fitness in natural populations is a central goal of evolutionary genetics. This monumental task spans the fields of classical and molecular genetics, population genetics, biochemistry, physiology, developmental biology, and ecology. Advances to our molecular and developmental toolkits are facilitating integrative approaches across these traditionally separate fields, providing a more complete picture of the genotype‐phenotype map in natural and non‐model systems. Here, we summarize research presented at the first annual symposium of the UNVEIL Network, an NSF‐funded collaboration between the University of Montana and the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, which took place from the 1st to the 3rd of June, 2018. We discuss how this body of work advances basic evolutionary science, what it implies for our ability to predict evolutionary change, and how it might inform novel conservation strategies.
Delineation of ecologically distinct units of marine Bacteroidetes in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Díez‐Vives Cristina , Nielsen Shaun , Sánchez Pablo , Palenzuela Oswaldo , Ferrera Isabel , Sebastián Marta , Pedrós‐Alió Carlos , Gasol Josep M. , Acinas Silvia G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacteroidetes is one of the dominant phyla of ocean bacterioplankton, yet its diversity and population structure is poorly understood. To advance in the delineation of ecologically meaningful units within this group, we constructed near full‐length 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from contrasting marine environments in the NW Mediterranean. Based on phylogeny and the associated ecological variables (depth and season), 24 different Bacteroidetes clades were delineated. By considering their relative abundance (from iTag amplicon sequencing studies), we described the distribution patterns of each of these clades, delimiting them as Ecologically Significant Taxonomic Units (ESTUs). Spatially, there was almost no overlap among ESTUs at different depths. In deep waters there was predominance of Owenweeksia, Leeuwenhoekiella, Muricauda‐related genera, and some depth‐associated ESTUs within the NS5 and NS2b marine clades. Seasonally, multi‐annual dynamics of recurring ESTUs were present with dominance of some ESTUs within the NS4, NS5 and NS2b marine clades along most of the year, but with variable relative frequencies between months. A drastic change towards the predominance of Formosa‐related ESTUs and one ESTU from the NS5 marine clade was typically present after the spring bloom. Even though there are no isolates available for these ESTUs to determine their physiology, correlation analyses identified the environmental preference of some of them. Overall, our results suggest that there is a high degree of niche specialisation within these closely related clades. This work constitutes a step forward in disentangling the ecology of marine Bacteroidetes, which are essential players in organic matter processing in the oceans.
Antifungal combinations in Mucorales: A microbiological perspective
Authors: Schwarz Patrick , Cornely Oliver A. , Dannaoui Eric 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMucormycosis mostly affects immunocompromised patients and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality despite currently available treatments. In that context, combination therapy might be the key to a better outcome for these patients. Purpose of this review is to summarise and to discuss the current combination data obtained in vitro, in vivo in animal models of mucormycosis, and in patients. In vitro combination studies showed that most of the interactions between antifungal drugs were indifferent, even though that some synergistic interactions were achieved for the combination of echinocandins with either azoles or amphotericin B. Importantly, antagonism was never observed. Animal models of mucormycosis focused on infections caused by Rhizopus arrhizus, neglecting most other species responsible for human disease. In these experimental animal models, no strong interactions have been demonstrated, although a certain degree of synergism has been reported in some instances. Combinations of antifungals with non‐antifungal drugs have also been largely explored in vitro and in animal models and yielded interesting results. In patients with ketoacidosis and rhino‐orbito‐cerebral infection, combination of polyene with caspofungin was effective. In contrast, despite promising experimental data, adjunctive therapy with the iron chelator deferasirox was unfavourable and was associated with a higher mortality than monotherapy with liposomal amphotericin B. More combinations have to be tested in vitro and a much larger panel of Mucorales species has to be tested in vivo to give a valuable statement if antifungal combination therapy could be an effective treatment strategy in patients with mucormycosis.
Effects of massage on outcomes of adult intensive care unit patients: a systematic review
Authors: Jagan Sameera , Park Tanya , Papathanassoglou Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe critical care experience is particularly stressful for patients, which can result in a number of physiological and psychological consequences, including haemodynamic instability, increased pain, agitation and delirium, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation, length of stay and subsequent complications. Massage therapy encompasses different techniques to promote relaxation and to counter stress, therefore potentially affecting several patients' outcomes.AimsTo systematically review evidence on the effects of massage on outcomes of adult critically ill patients. The outcome measures included pain, vital signs (VS), haemodynamic measurements, level of consciousness, sleep quality, muscle tension, anxiety, feelings of calm and relaxation, coping, arterial blood gases and serum biomarkers.MethodThis was a systematic review based on focused literature searches (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EMBASE‐Ovid databases, Google Scholar). The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Eligibility criteria included published experimental and quasi‐experimental studies reporting on the physiological and psychological outcomes of critically ill patients.ResultsBased on the selection criteria, 12 studies were included in the review. The main findings are as follows: 8 of 12 studies used randomized control designs with high internal validity, and there was a high level of evidence of favourable effects with respect to improvements in VS and a reduction in pain and anxiety. Outcomes that need to be more rigorously pursued include quality of sleep, analgesic and sedative dosages and level of consciousness.ConclusionThe results suggest that massage interventions can have positive effects on critically ill patients' outcomes. However, there are several gaps in the literature, along with methodological limitations, that require further consideration in critical care settings.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this systematic review can inform implementation of massage interventions in critical care, which can be challenging as a result of several barriers.
Management of a neonate with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jenkinson Helena A. , Lundgren Ashley D. , Carter Melody C. , Diaz Lucia Z. , Levy Moise L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMastocytosis is an accumulation of clonal mast cells within tissues, commonly caused by mutations in the KIT proto‐oncogene. This report describes the management of a neonate with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) caused by a rare activating KIT mutation, specifically internal tandem duplication of the Ala502Tyr503 pair on exon 9, and reviews current data regarding work‐up of DCM in pediatric patients.
Farmers’ Risk‐Based Decision Making Under Pervasive Uncertainty: Cognitive Thresholds and Hazy Hedging
Authors: Findlater Kieran M. , Satterfield Terre , Kandlikar Milind 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearchers in judgment and decision making have long debunked the idea that we are economically rational optimizers. However, problematic assumptions of rationality remain common in studies of agricultural economics and climate change adaptation, especially those that involve quantitative models. Recent movement toward more complex agent‐based modeling provides an opportunity to reconsider the empirical basis for farmer decision making. Here, we reconceptualize farmer decision making from the ground up, using an in situ mental models approach to analyze weather and climate risk management. We assess how large‐scale commercial grain farmers in South Africa (n = 90) coordinate decisions about weather, climate variability, and climate change with those around other environmental, agronomic, economic, political, and personal risks that they manage every day. Contrary to common simplifying assumptions, we show that these farmers tend to satisfice rather than optimize as they face intractable and multifaceted uncertainty; they make imperfect use of limited information; they are differently averse to different risks; they make decisions on multiple time horizons; they are cautious in responding to changing conditions; and their diverse risk perceptions contribute to important differences in individual behaviors. We find that they use two important nonoptimizing strategies, which we call cognitive thresholds and hazy hedging, to make practical decisions under pervasive uncertainty. These strategies, evident in farmers' simultaneous use of conservation agriculture and livestock to manage weather risks, are the messy in situ performance of naturalistic decision‐making techniques. These results may inform continued research on such behavioral tendencies in narrower lab‐ and modeling‐based studies.
Soil organic carbon temperature sensitivity of different soil types and land use systems in the Brazilian semi‐arid region
Authors: Maia Stoécio Malta Ferreira , Gonzaga Giordano Bruno Medeiros , Silva Leilane Kristine dos Santos , Lyra Guilherme Bastos , Gomes Tâmara Cláudia de Araújo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantifying the sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition (SOM) to global warming is critical for predict future impacts of climate change on soil organic carbon stocks (SOC) and soil respiration, especially in semi‐arid regions such as north‐eastern Brazil, where SOC stocks are naturally small. In this study, the responses of the labile and recalcitrant carbon components and soil respiration dynamics were evaluated in three different soil types and land use systems (native vegetation, cropland and pasture) of the Brazilian semi‐arid region, when submitted to temperature increase. After 169 days of incubation, the results showed that an increase of 5°C generated an average increase in CO2 emission of 12.0%, but which could reach 28.1%. Overall, the labile carbon (LC) in areas of native vegetation showed greater sensitivity to temperature than in cropland areas. It was also observed that recalcitrant carbon (RC) was more sensitive to warming than LC. Our results indicate that Brazil's semi‐arid region presents a substantial vulnerability to global warming, and that the sensitivity of RC and of LC in areas of native vegetation to warming can enhance SOC losses, contributing to positive feedback on climate change, and compromising the productive systems of the region. However, further studies evaluating other types of soil and texture and management systems should be carried out to consolidate the results obtained and to improve the understanding about SOM decomposition in the Brazilian semi‐arid region.
The zinc‐finger transcription factor CcLOL1 controls chloroplast development and immature pepper fruit color in Capsicum chinense and its function is conserved in tomato
Authors: Borovsky Yelena , Monsonego Noam , Mohan Vijee , Shabtai Sara , Kamara Itzhak , Faigenboim Adi , Hill Theresa , Chen Shiyu , Stoffel Kevin , Van Deynze Allen , Paran Ilan 
Published: March 2019

SummaryChloroplast development and chlorophyll content in the immature fruit has a major impact on the morphology and quality in pepper (Capsicum spp.) fruit. Two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), pc1 and pc10 that affect chlorophyll content in the pepper fruit by modulation of chloroplast compartment size were previously identified in chromosomes 1 and 10, respectively. The pepper homolog of GOLDEN2‐LIKE transcription factor (CaGLK2) has been found as underlying pc10, similar to its effect on tomato chloroplast development. In the present study, we identified the pepper homolog of the zinc‐finger transcription factor LOL1 (LSD ONE LIKE1; CcLOL1) as the gene underlying pc1. LOL1 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a positive regulator of programmed cell death and we report here on its role in controlling fruit development in the Solanaceae in a fruit‐specific manner. The light‐green C. chinense parent used for QTL mapping was found to carry a null mutation in CcLOL1. Verification of the function of the gene was done by generating CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants of the orthologous tomato gene resulting in light‐green tomato fruits, indicating functional conservation of the orthologous genes in controlling chlorophyll content in the Solanaceae. Transcriptome profiling of light and dark‐green bulks differing for pc1, showed that the QTL affects multiple photosynthesis and oxidation‐reduction associated genes in the immature green fruit. Allelic diversity of three known genes CcLOL1, CaGLK2, and CcAPRR2 that influence pepper immature fruit color, was found to be associated with variation in chlorophyll content primarily in C. chinense.