bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographics shape public preferences for carbon dioxide removal and solar geoengineering interventions across 30 countries
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. , Evensen Darrick , Baum Chad M. , Fritz Livia , Low Sean 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClimate intervention technologies such as carbon dioxide removal and solar geoengineering are becoming more actively considered as solutions to global warming. The demographic aspects of the public serve as a core determinant of social vulnerability and the ability for people to cope with, or fail to cope with, exposure to heat waves, air pollution, or disruptions in access to modern energy services. This study examines public preferences for 10 different climate interventions utilizing an original, large-scale, cross-country set of nationally representative surveys in 30 countries. It focuses intently on the demographic dimensions of gender, youth and age, poverty, and income as well as intersections and interactions between these categories. We find that support for the more engineered forms of carbon removal decreases with age. Gender has little effect overall. Those in poverty and the Global South are nearly universally more supportive of climate interventions of various types.
State of the art of mobile health technologies use in clinical arrhythmia care
Authors: Sridhar Arun R. , Cheung Jim W. , Lampert Rachel , Silva Jennifer N. A. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Sotomonte Juan C. , Tarakji Khaldoun , Fellman Mark , Chrispin Jonathan , Varma Niraj , Kabra Rajesh , Mehta Nishaki , Al-Khatib Sana M , Mayfield Jacob J. , Navara Rachita , Rajagopalan Bharath , Passman Rod , Fleureau Yann , Shah Maully J , Turakhia Mintu , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid growth in consumer-facing mobile and sensor technologies has created tremendous opportunities for patient-driven personalized health management. The diagnosis and management of cardiac arrhythmias are particularly well suited to benefit from these easily accessible consumer health technologies. In particular, smartphone-based and wrist-worn wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) technology can facilitate relatively inexpensive, long-term rhythm monitoring. Here we review the practical utility of the currently available and emerging mobile health technologies relevant to cardiac arrhythmia care. We discuss the applications of these tools, which vary with respect to diagnostic performance, target populations, and indications. We also highlight that requirements for successful integration into clinical practice require adaptations to regulatory approval, data management, electronic medical record integration, quality oversight, and efforts to minimize the additional burden to health care professionals.
Field cycling imaging to characterise breast cancer at low and ultra-low magnetic fields below 0.2 T
Authors: Mallikourti Vasiliki , Ross P. James , Maier Oliver , Hanna Katie , Husain Ehab , Davies Gareth R. , Lurie David J. , Lip Gerald , Lahrech Hana , Masannat Yazan , Broche Lionel M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This prospective feasibility study explores Field-Cycling Imaging (FCI), a new MRI technology that measures the longitudinal relaxation time across a range of low magnetic field strengths, providing additional information about the molecular properties of tissues. This study aims to assess the performance of FCI and investigate new quantitative biomarkers at low fields within the context of breast cancer.

Methods
We conducted a study involving 9 people living with breast cancer (10 tumours in total, mean age, 54 ± 10 years). FCI images were obtained at four magnetic field strengths (2.3 mT to 200 mT). FCI images were processed to generate T1 maps and 1/T1 dispersion profiles from regions of tumour, normal adipose tissue, and glandular tissue. The dispersion profiles were subsequently fitted using a power law model. Statistical analysis focused on comparing potential FCI biomarkers using a Mann-Whitney U or Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
We show that low magnetic fields clearly differentiate tumours from adipose and glandular tissues without contrast agents, particularly at 22 mT (1/T1, median [IQR]: 6.8 [3.9–7.8] s−1 vs 9.1 [8.9–10.2] s−1 vs 8.1 [6.2–9.2] s−1, P < 0.01), where the tumour-to-background contrast ratio was highest (62%). Additionally, 1/T1 dispersion indicated a potential to discriminate invasive from non-invasive cancers (median [IQR]: 0.05 [0.03–0.09] vs 0.19 [0.09–0.26], P = 0.038).

Conclusions
To the best of our knowledge, we described the first application of in vivo FCI in breast cancer, demonstrating relevant biomarkers that could complement diagnosis of current imaging modalities, non-invasively and without contrast agents.
Luteolin detoxifies DEHP and prevents liver injury by degrading Uroc1 protein in mice
Authors: Wang Huiting , Zhao Ziting , Song Mingming , Zhang Wenxiang , Liu Chang , Chen Siyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDi-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an environmental pollutant, has been widely detected in both environmental and clinical samples, representing a serious threat to the homeostasis of the endocrine system. The accumulation of DEHP is notably pronounced in the liver and can lead to liver damage. The lack of effective high-throughput screening system retards the discovery of such drugs that can specifically target and eliminate the detrimental impact of DEHP. Here, by developing a Cy5-modified single-strand DNA-aptamer-based approach targeting DEHP, we have identified luteolin as a potential drug, which showcasing robust efficacy in detoxifying the DEHP by facilitating the expulsion of DEHP in both mouse primary hepatocytes and livers. Mechanistically, luteolin enhances the protein degradation of hepatic urocanate hydratase 1 (Uroc1) by targeting its Ala270 and Val272 sites. More importantly, trans-urocanic acid (trans-UCA), as the substrate of Uroc1, possesses properties similar to luteolin by regulating the lysosomal exocytosis through the inhibition of the ERK1/2 signal cascade. In summary, luteolin serves as a potent therapeutic agent in efficiently detoxifying DEHP in the liver by regulating the UCA/Uroc1 axis.
Commentary: the perspectives of harnessing the power of scattered tubular-like cells for renal repair
Authors: Jones Adam C. , Palygin Oleg , Ilatovskaya Daria V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The commentary discusses the regenerative capacity of the kidneys; recent studies reveal that renal cells can regenerate when exposed to certain conditions. A major focus is on scattered tubular-like cells (STCs), which can dedifferentiate and acquire progenitor-like properties in response to injury. These cells exhibit a glycolytic metabolism, making them resilient to hypoxic conditions and capable of repairing damaged renal tissues. Despite their potential, STCs are difficult to isolate and exist in small numbers. Here we highlight the need for more research into STC function, metabolic profiles, mechanisms limiting STC injury repair capacity, and methods of their pharmacological activation. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to novel therapies for kidney diseases.
New evidence of vascular defects in neurodegenerative diseases revealed by single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Qiu Jiaying , Peng Siwan , Qu Ruobing , Wu Liucheng , Xing Lingyan , Zhang Luzhong , Sun Junjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) involve the progressive loss of neuronal structure or function in the brain and spinal cord. Despite their diverse etiologies, NDs manifest similar pathologies. Emerging research identifies vascular defects as a previously neglected hallmark of NDs. The development and popularization of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of brain vascular cell types and their molecular characteristics, including gene expression changes at the single-cell level in NDs. These unprecedented insights deepen our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying NDs. However, the occurrence and role of vascular defects in disease progression remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we systematically summarize recent advances in the structure and organization of the central nervous system vasculature in mice, healthy individuals, and patients with NDs, focussing primarily on disease-specific alterations in vascular cell types or subtypes. Combining scRNA-seq with pathology evidence, we propose that vascular defects, characterized by disruptions in cell types and structural integrity, may serve as common early features of NDs. Finally, we discuss several pathways through which vascular defects in NDs lead to neuronal degeneration. A deeper understanding of the causes and contributions of vascular defects to NDs aids in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms and developing meaningful therapeutic interventions.
Some Challenging Questions About Outcomes in Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Sehgal Susan T. , Castellanos Irina , Kronenberger William G. , Pisoni David B. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Cochlear implants (CIs) have improved the quality of life for many children with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Despite the reported CI benefits of improved speech recognition, speech intelligibility, and spoken language processing, large individual differences in speech and language outcomes are still consistently reported in the literature. The enormous variability in CI outcomes has made it challenging to predict which children may be at high risk for limited benefits and how potential risk factors can be improved with interventions. In this article, we consider four challenging, unresolved issues that exist in the field of pediatric cochlear implantation (age at implantation, comorbid diagnoses, preimplant functioning in infants, and communication modality) to illustrate the value of adopting a broader integrated multidisciplinary approach to explaining variability and individual differences in outcomes.

Conclusions:
Four challenging and unresolved issues concerning our ability to predict individual differences before implantation were discussed. In order to address some of the current barriers to progress in dealing with these unresolved issues, a biopsychosocial system model is proposed as a possible unifying approach to conceptualizing these issues. Additionally, several new research directions to better understand and explain variability in pediatric CI outcomes are suggested.
Implementation of preamble based GFDM prototype for robust 5G systems
Authors: K.N.G.B Yaswanth , Sivaprasad Valluri , Prashanth Nittala Noel Anurag , Salunkhe Sachin , Mahdal Miroslav , Gunturu Chakravarthy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGeneralized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a flexible block‐structured multi‐carrier scheme recently proposed for next‐generation wireless communication systems. There are various approaches suggested for its analysis and implementation via simulations but testing in real‐time environments is not heavily investigated. This paper carries out the real‐time implementation of the GFDM system utilizing software‐defined radio (SDR) by emphasizing mainly channel estimation and synchronization. Symbol timing, frequency offset, and channel estimate algorithms are applied using a windowed preamble with two identical halves to satisfy low egress noise requirements. Time and frequency estimation is evaluated in terms of residual offsets along with symbol error rate over frequency selective channels. This algorithm is extended to a preamble composed of multiple identical parts. This facilitates a large frequency estimation range at the cost of complexity. For practical validation of the above concepts, the National Instruments (NI) universal software radio peripheral (USRP) 2953R is employed as hardware and it is interfaced with LabVIEW.
Dual‐port network‐based impedance modelling and AC‐port characteristic analysis of wound rotor synchronous machine for more electric aircraft
Authors: Xu Zixiao , Qi Yang , Li Weilin , Wu Yu , Guerrero Josep M. , Vasquez Juan C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to the increasing variety of converters in more electric aircraft (MEA), the stability of the MEA power system has become a critical issue that receives wide concerns. As the primary power source for MEA, the wound rotor synchronous machine (WRSM) greatly affects the stability of the whole power system, and therefore accurate modelling of the WRSM serves as the basis for the analysis of system characteristics and even stability. Nevertheless, the complex structure and coupling of WRSM bring great challenges to small‐signal modelling methods. This paper introduces a novel method to model the WRSM in a modular and cascaded manner. Instead of deriving the complex transfer function, the proposed method uses a dual port to model each component. By connecting the dual port of each component from the rear stage to the front stage in a cascaded way, a dual‐port network can be built to describe the external impedance characteristics of the WRSM. Kirchhoff law can be applied to calculate the impedance by circumventing the complicated decoupling process. The proposed dual‐port network model has been validated on a hardware‐in‐loop platform. Furthermore, the output impedance characteristics of the AC port has also been analysed with the proposed model.
Developing a machine learning model with enhanced performance for predicting COVID‐19 from patients presenting to the emergency room with acute respiratory symptoms
Authors: Alghamdi Maha Mesfer , Alazwary Naael H. , Alsowayan Waleed A. , Algamdi Mohmmed , Alohali Ahmed F. , Yasawy Mustafa A. , Alghamdi Abeer M. , Alassaf Abdullah M. , Alshehri Mohammed R. , Aljaziri Hussein A. , Almoqati Nujoud H. , Alghamdi Shatha S. , Bin Magbel Norah A. , AlMazeedi Tareq A. , Neyazi Nashaat K. , Alghamdi Mona M. , Alazwary Mohammed N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence is playing a crucial role in healthcare by enhancing decision‐making and data analysis, particularly during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This virus affects individuals across all age groups, but its impact is more severe on the elderly and those with underlying health issues like chronic diseases. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to improve the prediction of COVID‐19 in patients with acute respiratory symptoms. Data from 915 patients in two hospitals in Saudi Arabia were used, categorized into four groups based on chronic lung conditions and COVID‐19 status. Four supervised machine learning algorithms—Random Forest, Bagging classifier, Decision Tree, and Logistic Regression—were employed to predict COVID‐19. Feature selection identified 12 key variables for prediction, including CXR abnormalities, smoking status, and WBC count. The Random Forest model showed the highest accuracy at 99.07%, followed by Decision Tree, Bagging classifier, and Logistic Regression. The study concluded that machine learning algorithms, particularly Random Forest, can effectively predict and classify COVID‐19 cases, supporting the development of computer‐assisted diagnostic tools in healthcare.
Journey of complex organic molecules: Formation and transport in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Benest Couzinou T. , Mousis O. , Danger G. , Schneeberger A. , Aguichine A. , Bouquet A. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Complex organic molecules serve as indicators of molecular diversity. Their detection on comets, planets, and moons has prompted inquiries into their origins, particularly the conditions conducive to their formation. One hypothesis suggests that the UV irradiation of icy grains in the protosolar nebula generates significant molecular complexity, a hypothesis supported by experiments on methanol ice irradiation.
Aims. We investigated the irradiation of methanol ice particles as they migrate through the protosolar nebula. Our objective is to ascertain whether the encountered conditions facilitate the formation of complex organics molecules, and we leverage experimental data in our analysis.
Methods. We developed a two-dimensional model that describes the transport of pebbles during the evolution of the protosolar nebula, employing a Lagrangian scheme. This model computes the interstellar UV flux received by the particles along their paths, which we compared with experimental values.
Results. On average, particles ranging from 1 to 100 µm in size, released at a local temperature of 20 K, undergo adequate irradiation to attain the same molecular diversity as methanol ice during the experiments within timescales of 25 kyr of protosolar nebula evolution. In contrast, 1 cm sized particles require 911 kyr of irradiation to reach similar molecular diversity, making comparable molecular complexity unlikely. Similarly, particles ranging from 1 to 100 µm in size, released at a local temperature of 80 K, receive sufficient irradiation after 141 and 359 kyr. In contrast, 1 cm sized particles would require several million years to receive this level of irradiation, which is infeasible since they cross the iceline within approximately 500 kyr.
Conclusions. The particles readily receive the irradiation dose necessary to generate the molecular diversity observed in the experiments within the outer regions of the disk. Our model, combined with future irradiation experiments, can provide additional insights into the specific regions where the building blocks of planets form.
Mg II h&k spectra of an enhanced network region simulated with the MURaM-ChE code
Authors: Ondratschek P. , Przybylski D. , Smitha H. N. , Cameron R. , Solanki S. K. , Leenaarts J. 
Published: October 2024

Context. The Mg II h&k lines are key diagnostics of the solar chromosphere. They are sensitive to the temperature, density, and nonthermal velocities in the chromosphere. The average Mg II h&k line profiles arising from previous 3D chromospheric simulations are too narrow compared to observations.
Aims. We study the formation and properties of the Mg II h&k lines in a model atmosphere. We also compare the average spectrum, peak intensity, and peak separation of Mg II k with a representative observation taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).
Methods. We use a model based on the recently developed nonequilibrium version of the radiative magneto-hydrodynamics code MURaM, the MURaM Chromospheric Extension (MURaM-ChE), in combination with forward modeling using the radiative transfer code RH1.5D to obtain synthetic spectra. Our model resembles an enhanced network region created using an evolved MURaM quiet Sun simulation and adding an imposed large-scale bipolar magnetic field similar to that in the public Bifrost snapshot of a bipolar magnetic feature.
Results. The line width and the peak separation of the spatially averaged spectrum of the Mg II h&k lines from the MURaM-ChE simulation are close to a representative observation of the quiet Sun, which also includes network fields. However, we find the synthesized line width to be still slightly narrower than in the observation. We find that velocities in the chromosphere play a dominant role in the broadening of the spectral lines. While the average synthetic spectrum also shows a good match to the observations in the pseudo continuum between the two emission lines, the peak intensities are higher in the modeled spectrum. This discrepancy may be due in part to the larger magnetic flux density in the simulation than in the considered observations, but could also be a result of the 1.5D radiative transfer approximation.
Conclusions. Our findings show that strong maximum-velocity differences or turbulent velocities in the chromosphere and lower atmosphere are necessary to reproduce the observed line widths of chromospheric spectral lines.
Kinematical signatures: Distinguishing between warps and radial flows
Authors: Zuleta A. , Birnstiel T. , Teague R. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Increasing evidence shows that warped disks are common, challenging the methods used to model their velocity fields. Molecular line emission of these disks is characterized by a twisted pattern, similar to the signal from radial flows, complicating the study of warped disk kinematics. Previous attempts to model these features have encountered difficulties in distinguishing between the underlying kinematics of different disks.
Aims. This study aims to advance gas kinematics modeling capabilities by extending the Extracting Disk Dynamics (eddy) package to include warped geometries and radial flows. We assess the performance of eddy in recovering input parameters for scenarios involving warps, radial flows, and combinations of the two. Additionally, we provide a basis to break the visual degeneracy between warped disks and radial flow, establishing a criterion to distinguish them.
Methods. We extended the eddy package to handle warped geometries by including a parametric prescription of a warped disk and a ray-casting algorithm to account for the surface self-obscuration arising from the 3D to 2D projection. The effectiveness of the tool was tested using the radiative transfer code RADMC3D, generating synthetic models for disks with radial flows, warped disks, and warped disks with radial flows.
Results. We demonstrate the efficacy of our tool in accurately recovering the geometrical parameters of systems, particularly in data with sufficient angular resolution. Importantly, we observe minimal impact from thermal noise levels typical in Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations. Furthermore, our findings reveal that fitting an incorrect model type produces characteristic residual signatures, which serve as kinematic criteria for disk classification.
Conclusions. Characterizing gas kinematics requires careful consideration of twisted motions. While our model provides insights into disk geometries, caution is needed when interpreting parameters in regions with complex kinematics or low-resolution data. Future ALMA baseline observations should help clarify warped disk kinematics.
Peripheral Use of Vasopressors in Shock: Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Use in Obstetrics
Authors: Pacheco Luis D. , Fox Karin A. , Clifford Corey C. , Behnia Faranak , Bauer Melissa E. , Saad Antonio F. , Saade George R. 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the safety of peripheral administration of vasopressor agents among patients with circulatory shock.
Study Design We reviewed the published literature evaluating the use of peripheral norepinephrine in patients with shock and proposed a protocol for use in labor and delivery units.
Results Peripheral administration of norepinephrine is a safe and potentially lifesaving intervention for patients in labor and delivery with extremely low complication rates.
Conclusion Adoption of a protocol for peripheral administration of vasopressors in labor and delivery is safe and may prevent life threatening delays in hemodynamic resuscitation.
Key Points