bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injury Characteristics and von Willebrand Factor for the Prediction of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Patients With Burn Injury
Authors: Afshar Majid , Burnham Ellen L. , Joyce Cara , Gagnon Robin , Dunn Robert , Albright Joslyn M. , Ramirez Luis , Repine John E. , Netzer Giora , Kovacs Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
To derive and validate a prediction model for the development of ARDS in burn-injured patients.

Summary Background Data:
Burn injury carries the highest incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) among all predisposing conditions, but few studies exist on risk factors in these patients. Studies employing biomarkers and clinical risk factors for predicting ARDS mortality have recently been examined but none exist for onset of ARDS nor in patients with burn injury.

Methods:
This was a prospective multicenter study of 113 patients with isolated burn injury or inhalation injury. Clinical variables and plasma biomarkers representative of endothelial injury, epithelial injury, or inflammation were collected within 24 hours of admission. The most parsimonious model was chosen by considering discrimination, calibration, and model fit.

Results:
Among the biomarkers measured in patients with burn injuries, a one-standard deviation increase in log-transformed levels of the A2 domain of von Willebrand factor in the first 24 hours was most strongly associated with the development of ARDS (OR 7.72; 95% CI: 1.64–36.28, P = 0.03). Of candidate models, a 3-variable model with %TBSA, inhalation injury, and von Willebrand factor-A2 had comparable discrimination to more complex models (area under the curve: 0.90; 95% CI 0.85–0.96). The 3-variable model had good model fit by Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.74) and maintained similar discrimination after accounting for performance optimism (Bootstrapped area under the curve: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.84–0.95).

Conclusions:
The 3-variable model with %TBSA, inhalation injury, and von Willebrand factor could be used to better identify at-risk patients for both the study and prevention of ARDS in patients with burn injury.
Vaginal Myomectomy to Resolve Bladder Outlet Obstruction 50 Years After Hysterectomy
Authors: Johansson Shorty , Walters Rustin , Mayer Kaitlyn , Shippey Stuart 
Published: April 2018

Background
Leiomyomas can develop after hysterectomy and, when located in the bladder, can result in voiding dysfunction and incontinence.

Case
Fifty years after a hysterectomy, a 77-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of urinary retention requiring self-catheterization and bothersome urinary incontinence. Multiple imaging modalities demonstrated a well-circumscribed 2-cm mass abutting the bladder beneath the trigone. After ureteral stent placement, we excised the nonpalpable mass using ultrasound guidance. We identified a 1.5-cm incidental cystomy and repaired it in layers. After the repair, we placed a suprapubic catheter. Pathologic examination of the mass revealed a leiomyoma. Postoperatively, we confirmed the integrity of the bladder, removed the ureteral stents, and reviewed postvoid residuals, which were minimal before removing the suprapubic catheter. Six weeks after her operation, the patient voided spontaneously with significant improvement of her urinary incontinence.

Conclusion
Vaginal resection with ureteral stenting represents a safe surgical approach for resection of a symptomatic, benign bladder mass.
Depression, Anxiety, and Pelvic Floor Symptoms Before and After Surgery for Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Authors: Larouche Maryse , Brotto Lori A. , Koenig Nicole A. , Lee Terry , Cundiff Geoffrey W. , Geoffrion Roxana 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
We aimed to explore the correlation between perioperative symptoms of depression and anxiety with pelvic floor symptoms after urogynecologic surgery. Postoperative pain, goal attainment, quality of life, and satisfaction were assessed.

Methods
A prospective cohort study of women undergoing inpatient urogynecologic surgery was conducted. Preoperative questionnaires included Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory, Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, and a detailed goals and perioperative supports questionnaire. Postoperative pain was assessed via the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Questionnaires were readministered 6 weeks postoperatively. Descriptive statistics were obtained. Spearman correlation determined the relationship between preoperative and postoperative questionnaire scores. Quantile regression assessed the potential moderating effect of patient characteristics on these relationships.

Results
Sixty women (mean age, 58.5 years) were recruited. Fifty-seven (95%) completed follow-up. Most common surgical indication was pelvic organ prolapse (59/60; 98%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were minimal in most women. There was significant median change in preoperative to postoperative scores for Beck Anxiety Inventory (−2.0, P = 0.011), Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (−69.4, P < 0.001), and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (−23.8, P = 0.001). Baseline depression and anxiety symptoms were correlated with higher immediate postoperative pain, but not other outcomes. The most common goal, achieved by 47 (92%) of 51, was to reduce condition-specific symptoms. Postoperative depression and anxiety symptoms, and pelvic floor distress and impact were significantly correlated.

Conclusions
Baseline depression and anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated with postoperative pelvic floor symptom burden or surgical satisfaction. Bothersome postoperative pelvic floor symptoms were associated with postoperative depressive symptoms.
Catecholamine Challenge Uncovers Distinct Mechanisms for Direct Versus Indirect, but Not Social Versus Non-Social, Learning
Authors: Cook Jennifer L. , Swart Jennifer C. , Froböse Monja I. , Diaconescu Andreea , Geurts Dirk E. M. , den Ouden Hanneke E. M. , Cools Roshan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTEvidence that social and individual learning are at least partially dissociable sustains the belief that humans possess adaptive specialisations for social learning. However, in most extant paradigms, social information comprises an indirect source that can be used to supplement one’s own, direct, experience. Thus, social and individual learning differ both in terms of social nature (social versus non-social) and directness (indirect versus direct). To test whether the dissociation between social and individual learning is best explained in terms of social nature or directness, we used a catecholaminergic challenge known to modulate learning. Two groups completed a decision-making task which required direct learning, from own experience, and indirect learning from an additional source. The groups differed in terms of whether the indirect source was social or non-social. The catecholamine transporter blocker, methylphenidate, affected direct learning by improving adaptation to changes in the volatility of the environment but there was no effect of methylphenidate on learning from the social or non-social indirect source. Thus, we report positive evidence for a dissociable effect of methylphenidate on direct and indirect learning, but no evidence for a distinction between social and non-social. These data fail to support the adaptive specialisation view, instead providing evidence for distinct mechanisms for direct versus indirect learning.
Dynamic linear models guide design and analysis of microbiota studies within artificial human guts
Authors: Silverman Justin D , Durand Heather , Bloom Rachael J. , Mukherjee Sayan , David Lawrence A 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTArtificial gut models provide unique opportunities to study human-associated microbiota. Outstanding questions for these models’ fundamental biology include the timescales on which microbiota vary and the factors that drive such change. Answering these questions though requires overcoming analytical obstacles like estimating the effects of technical variation on observed microbiota dynamics, as well as the lack of appropriate benchmark datasets. To address these obstacles, we created a modeling framework based on multinomial logistic-normal dynamic linear models (MALLARDs) and performed dense longitudinal sampling of replicate artificial human guts over the course of 1 month. The resulting analyses revealed that when observed on an hourly basis, 76% of community variation could be ascribed to technical noise from sample processing, which could also skew the observed covariation between taxa. Our analyses also supported hypotheses that human gut microbiota fluctuate on sub-daily timescales in the absence of a host and that microbiota can follow replicable trajectories in the presence of environmental driving forces. Finally, multiple aspects of our approach are generalizable and could ultimately be used to facilitate the design and analysis of longitudinal microbiota studies in vivo.
Vacuolar iron stores gated by NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 are the primary source of iron in germinating seeds
Authors: Bastow Emma L , Torre Vanesa S Garcia de la , Maclean Andrew E , Green Robert T , Merlot Sylvain , Thomine Sebastien , Balk Janneke 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTDuring seed germination, iron (Fe) stored in vacuoles is exported by the redundant NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 transporter proteins. A doublenramp3 nramp4mutant is unable to mobilize Fe stores and does not develop in the absence of external Fe. We used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression innramp3 nramp4and wild type during germination and early seedling development. Even though sufficient Fe was supplied, the Fe-responsive transcription factorsbHLH38, 39, 100and101and their downstream targetsFRO2andIRT1mediating Fe uptake were strongly upregulated in thenramp3 nramp4mutant. Activation of the Fe deficiency response was confirmed by increased ferric chelate reductase activity in the mutant. At early stages, genes important for chloroplast redox control (FSD1, SAPX), Fe homeostasis(FER1, SUFB)and chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA1, NYC1) were downregulated, indicating limited Fe availability in plastids. In contrast, expression ofFRO3, encoding a ferric reductase involved in Fe import into the mitochondria, was maintained and Fe-dependent enzymes in the mitochondria were unaffected innramp3 nramp4. Together these data show that a failure to mobilize Fe stores during germination triggered Fe deficiency responses and strongly affected plastids but not mitochondria.
A rapid microwave method for isolation of genomic DNA and identification of white rot fungi
Authors: Rao Ramya G. , Ravichandran A. , Dhali A. , Kolte A.P. , Giridhar K , Manpal Sridhar 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTWhite rot fungi (WRF) produce lignolytic enzymes comprised by laccases and peroxidases responsible for mineralization of recalcitrant lignin. Because of the so-called lignin modifying enzymes(LME’s), these fungi have potential applications in biodegradation and bioremediation processes. Increased demand for lignolytic enzymes to exploit their various applications has sparked interest in identifying and characterizing new novel strains of WRF. Despite this undisputed biotechnological significance, molecular identification of WRF, remains a daunting task for researchers as genomic DNA isolation is a tedious process, unsuccessful many a times because of their rigid and resistant cell walls. A rapid, effective and efficient method to identify the innumerable fungal strains within no time is the need of the hour. The fungal mycelia of various unknown as well as know isolates of WRF, after alternative washing with TE buffer and sterile water were suspended in TE buffer. Fungi in solution were then exposed to microwave. The crude extract contained genomic DNA which was extracted and amplified using ITS primers for further identification. Based on sequencing results the identity of known cultures was confirmed, while the unknown cultures were identified asClitopilus scyphoides(AGUM004, BankIt2098576 MH172163); Ganodermarasinaceum(AGUM007, BankIt2098576 MH172163);Schizophyllum sp(KONA001BankIt2098576 MH172164;AGUM011BankIt2098576 MH172165andAGUM021BankIt2098576 MH172166respectively),Coprinellus disseminatus(BANG001, BankIt2098576 MH172167) andLentinus squarrosulus(TAMI004, BankIt2098576 MH172167). The microwave method described for isolating quality DNA of WRF without further purification steps proved a novel method requiring less than ten minutes and minimized the chances of the presence of PCR inhibitors.IMPORTANCEWhite rot fungi which decay wood, possess selective lignin degrading enzymes responsible for degrading a wide variety of environmental pollutants, xenobiotic compounds in addition to mineralizing chemicals that are insoluble and recalcitrant. Lignolytic enzymes hold potential towards replacing conventional chemical processes and their increased demand in the market has ignited interest in identifying and characterizing new strains of WRF. A rapid, efficient method capable of quickly identifying fungal isolates is a constraint. The microwave method is a novel quick method for isolating superior quality DNA. Its adoption circumvents the initial purification steps and /or interference of PCR inhibitors, which are encompassed in the use of conventional methods. The microwave method thus permits the thorough amplification of the ITS region thereby aiding in the easy identification of unknown species. Use of the microwave method will permit researchers to obtain DNA from fungi very quickly for further application in molecular studies.
Aggressive or moderate drug therapy for infectious diseases? Trade-offs between different treatment goals at the individual and population levels
Authors: Scire Jérémie , Hozé Nathanaël , Uecker Hildegard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is one of the major public health threats of the 21st century. There is a pressing need to adopt more efficient treatment strategies in order to prevent the emergence and spread of resistant strains. The common approach is to treat patients with high drug doses, both to clear the infection quickly and to reduce the risk of de novo resistance. Recently, several studies have argued that, at least in some cases, low-dose treatments could be more suitable to reduce the within-host emergence of antimicrobial resistance. However, the choice of a drug dose may have consequences at the population level, which has received little attention so far.Here, we study the influence of the drug dose on resistance and disease management at the host and population levels. We develop a nested two-strain model and unravel trade-offs in treatment benefits between an individual and the community. We use several measures to evaluate the benefits of any dose choice. Two measures focus on the emergence of resistance, at the host level and at the population level. The other two focus on the overall treatment success: the outbreak probability and the disease burden. We find that different measures can suggest different dosing strategies. In particular, we identify situations where low doses minimize the risk of emergence of resistance at the individual level, while high or intermediate doses prove most beneficial to improve the treatment efficiency or even to reduce the risk of resistance in the population.Author summaryThe obvious goals of antimicrobial drug therapy are rapid patient recovery and low disease prevalence in the population. However, achieving these goals is complicated by the rapid evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. A sustainable treatment strategy needs to account for the risk of resistance and keep it in check. One parameter of treatment is the drug dosage, which can vary within certain limits. It has been proposed that lower doses may, in some cases, be more suitable than higher doses to reduce the risk of resistance evolution in any one patient. However, if lower doses prolong the period of infectiousness, such a strategy has consequences for the pathogen dynamics of both strains at the population level. Here, we set up a nested model of within-host and between-host dynamics for an acute self-limiting infection. We explore the consequences of drug dosing on several measures of treatment success: the risk of resistance at the individual and population levels and the outbreak probability and the disease burden of an epidemic. Our analysis shows that trade-offs may exist between optimal treatments under these various criteria. The criterion given most weight in the decision process ultimately depends on the disease and population under consideration.
Single-cell chromatin interactions reveal regulatory hubs in dynamic compartmentalized domains
Authors: Oudelaar A. Marieke , Davies James O.J. , Hanssen Lars L.P. , Telenius Jelena M. , Schwessinger Ron , Liu Yu , Brown Jill M. , Downes Damien J. , Chiariello Andrea M. , Bianco Simona , Nicodemi Mario , Buckle Veronica J. , Dekker Job , Higgs Douglas R. , Hughes Jim R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe promoters of mammalian genes are commonly regulated by multiple distal enhancers, which physically interact within discrete chromatin domains. How such domains form and how the regulatory elements within them interact within single cells is not understood. To address this we developed Tri-C, a new Chromosome Conformation Capture (3C) approach to identify concurrent chromatin interactions at individual alleles within single cells. The heterogeneity of interactions observed between such cells shows that CTCF-mediated formation of chromatin domains and interactions within them are dynamic processes. Importantly, our analyses reveal higher-order structures involving simultaneous interactions between multiple enhancers and promoters within individual cells. This provides a structural basis for understanding how multiple cis-elements act together to establish robust regulation of gene expression.
Job characteristics, job resources and work-related outcomes: role of person-organisation fit
Authors: Priyadarshi Pushpendra , Premchandran Rajesh 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and understand the role of person-organisation (P-O) fit in mediating the relationship between job resources and work-related outcomes. The need to study the antecedents of P-O fit, dearth of its literature in India, and growing importance of ensuring congruence between the environment and the individual in a diverse workplace, to recruit and retain the employees, underlines the significance of this research. In addition to the mediating role of P-O fit, it was hypothesised that co-worker support and decision latitude will lead to an increase in P-O fit and, in turn, be positively related to work engagement (WE), job satisfaction (JS) and organisational commitment (OC).Design/methodology/approachTwo-phased time-lagged data were collected from a total sample of 213 middle- and senior-level executives working in India. The data consisted of a self-report questionnaire on skill discretion, decision authority and co-worker support in Phase 1 and P-O fit, WE, OC and JS scales in Phase 2.FindingsStructural equation modelling was simultaneously used to test the hypothesised relationships. It emerged that co-worker support and skill discretion positively correlated with P-O fit. It was found that P-O fit mediated the relationship between co-worker support and JS and OC. It also established partial mediation between co-worker support and WE, and between skill discretion and JS, organisational commitment and WE. The findings of this study, therefore, have profound implications for researchers as well as for practicing managers highlighting the need for a better job design and creating a supportive work environment.Research limitations/implicationsThough the data were collected in two phases, the study design went through a time lag of four weeks, and thereby provided tests of association and not of robust causal relationships. A longitudinal design could be adopted for future research, to enable making inferences about the causal nature of these relationships. The second limitation of the study is its reliance on self- reports as the single source of data.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine job resources as antecedents of P-O fit using a supplementary fit argument. Further, very few studies have explored P-O fit as a mediating variable and less than 2 per cent of published papers on P-O fit have been studied in the Indian context. Practitioners can employ findings to create interventions to generate more positive organisational outcomes.
Dynamic capabilities of new product development teams in performing radical innovation projects
Authors: Darawong Chonlatis 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the impact of dynamic capabilities of new product development (NPD) team on project performance, including efficiency and effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from NPD team members who have worked on radical new product projects in large manufacturing firms in Thailand. Respondents represented different departments, including research and development (R&D), quality control, production and marketing. These individuals worked in a wide range of large manufacturing industries with an average of more than 500 employees. These industries include food, automotive, auto parts and electric and electronics products.FindingsThe results indicate that NPD team with sensing, learning and integrating capabilities can increase project effectiveness. In addition, teams with high learning, integrating and coordinating capabilities will enhance project efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the research findings may not be generalizable in all aspects to other industries. Second, the use of cross-sectional data in this study may not be appropriate for testing causal relationships among constructs. Third, although the samples of this study were from a wide range of functional areas, the majority were R&D personnel.Practical implicationsTo improve project effectiveness, project managers should consider investing in information technologies that provide a wide range of information sources, such as business research databases and academic journals. To improve project efficiency, the managers can establish both formal and informal activities during NPD projects. These social activities can provide opportunities for team members to physically meet and adjust their personal behavior to get along with each other.Originality/valueThese findings provide a wider picture of the beneficial role of dynamic capabilities of NPD teams toward project performance, including efficiency and effectiveness.
Walk Score and tourist accommodation
Authors: Ram Yael , Hall C. Michael 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to extend the research on tourist walkability and Walk Score® by posing the question “does tourist accommodation benefit from being located in walkable places?”.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Tel Aviv municipality as a case study, the prices and number of reviews of 81 hotels and 97 Airbnb listings were associated with their corresponding Walk Score® measures.

Findings
The relationship between Walk Score and prices and number of reviews was not linear or strong. However, the most expensive accommodation and more popular hotels were below the median Walk Score of Tel Aviv.

Research limitations/implications
The findings may reflect the specific conditions associated with Tel Aviv, such as city compactness, topography and planning regulations.

Practical implications
The study suggests that accommodation is beneficial if it is located on the margins of very walkable areas. This raises regulatory and promotion issues for accommodation, and challenges for transport and tourism planners.

Originality/value
The study adds to the limited knowledge regarding tourism-related walkability, and is the first examination of links between walkability (measured by Walk Score index) and tourist accommodation (hotels and Airbnb).