bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of a Capsular Tension Ring on Ocular Aberrations After Cataract Surgery: A Comparative Study
Authors: Rohart Charlotte , Gatinel Damien 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects of a capsular tension ring on ocular and corneal aberrations after cataract surgery.

Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, contra-lateral eye study, 20 patients who underwent bilateral cataract surgery were divided into two groups: eyes that received the capsular tension ring (CTR group) and fellow eyes that did not receive the capsular tension ring (IOL group). Total optical aberrations were measured 3 months postoperatively. Ocular and corneal aberrations were analyzed to determine whether statistically significant differences were present between groups.

Results:

In the CTR group, the root-mean-square (RMS) for total aberrations and total higher order aberrations were 2.13±1.17 µm and 1.01±0.89 µm, respectively. The RMS for tilt, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were 1.05±0.65 µm, 0.45±0.32 µm, 0.47±0.19 µm, and 0.31±0.12 µm, respectively. In the IOL group, the RMS coefficient for total aberrations and total higher order aberrations were 2.01±1.30 µm and 0.88±0.34 µm, respectively. The RMS for tilt, coma, trefoil, and spherical aberration were 0.58±0.35 µm, 0.29±0.18 µm, 0.49±0.26 µm, and 0.32±0.21 µm, respectively. Tilt was statistically significantly higher in the CTR group compared with the IOL group (
P
=.0009). Postoperatively, there were no other differences between groups (
P
>.05).

Conclusions:

The use of the capsular tension ring caused an increase in tilt aberration after cataract surgery and does not seem to improve the optical performance of conventional intraocular lenses after uneventful cataract surgery. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:S116–S121.]
Ocular Aberrations Measured by the Fourier-based WaveScan and Zernike-based LADARWave Hartmann-Shack Aberrometers
Authors: Knapp Stefanie , Awwad Shady T. , Ghali Claudine , McCulley James P. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate agreements in lower and higher order aberration measurements by two Hartmann-Shack wavefront-sensing devices.

Methods:
Using the VISX WaveScan and Alcon LADARWave aberrometers, ocular aberrations at a fixed optical zone of 6 mm were measured on 36 eyes of 18 patients. A tunable light intensity source was used to control pupil size, which was checked using infrared pupillometry. Repeatability of measurements was evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient with 3 consecutive measurements on each aberrometer.

Results:

Mean absolute defocus for WaveScan and LADARWave was 2.82±2.69 and 2.93±3.24 root-mean-square (RMS) µm, whereas astigmatism was 0.81±0.49 and 0.87±0.57 µm, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between the two aberrometers were 0.908 and 0.870 for defocus and astigmatism, respectively, whereas higher order aberration correlation was less tight (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.596 for coma, 0.746 for trefoil, 0.836 for spherical aberration, 0.637 for secondary astigmatism, and 0.963 for quadrafoil [
P
<.001 for all]). The LADARWave had a tendency to display more spherical aberration than the WaveScan, especially at high aberration values, with mean absolute difference in measurement of 0.12±0.08 µm, and only 44% of eyes having less than ±0.10 RMS µm of difference. The mean total higher order aberration absolute difference was 0.14±0.14 µm, with only 50% of eyes within ±0.1 RMS of agreement. Vector analysis revealed appreciable discrepancies in third- and fourth-order directional Zernike components, while showing similar values for fifth-order components. Intra-class correlation coeffi-cient values for both aberrometers over different aberration orders showed excellent repeatability.

Conclusions:
The WaveScan and LADARWave share similar lower order aberration measurements, but display significantly different higher order aberration values.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:201–209.]
Intraindividual Comparison of Functional Vision and Higher Order Aberrations After Implantation of Aspheric and Spherical Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Su Pei-Yuang , Hu Fung-Rong 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To compare the intraindividual effects of an aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) (Tecnis Z9000, Advanced Medical Optics Inc [AMO]) with a conventional spherical IOL (AcrySof single-piece SA60AT, Alcon Laboratories Inc) on functional vision and higher order aberration.

Methods:
In this prospective study, 40 eyes of 20 patients presenting for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to receive a spherical IOL (AcrySof one-piece) in one eye and an aspheric IOL (Tecnis) in the contralateral eye. Patients were followed for 3 months postoperatively. The results of sine-wave grating contrast sensitivity, contrast acuity under mesopic and photopic conditions, and higher order aberrations (3rd, 4th, and 5th order, primary spherical and total) root-mean-square (RMS) were compared intraindividually.

Results:

The postoperative corn
e
al higher order aberrations were not significantly different between the two IOL groups. Total higher order aberrations, total 4th order, and primary spherical aberrations were significantly lower in the Tecnis group at pupil size >5 mm. Contrast acuity was not significantly different between the two IOL groups under mesopic and photopic conditions. Mean pupil size under mesopic conditions was 4.20 mm and 4.08 mm in the AcrySof and Tecnis groups, respectively. Sine-wave contrast sensitivity test results were slightly better in the Tecnis group at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 cycles per degree, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

Compared to conventional spherical IOL, the Tecnis aspheric IOL significantly reduced total ocular and spherical aberration but did not result in better functional vision under mesopic or photopic conditions. Small pupil size may be a factor, which limits the beneficial effect of aspheric IOLs on visual performance. [
J Refract Surg.
2009;25:265–272.]
Use of the Pentacam True Net Corneal Power for Intraocular Lens Calculation in Eyes After Refractive Corneal Surgery
Authors: Kim Sang Woo , Kim Eung Kweon , Cho Beom-Jin , Kim Sun Woong , Song Ki Yung , Kim Tae-im 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:
To assess the accuracy and validity of true net corneal power of the Pentacam system to provide a keratometry reading for calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power in postoperative refractive surgery eyes.

Methods:
Refraction, an automated keratometry reading, and true net corneal power were measured for 30 eyes that required cataract surgery and had previously undergone refractive surgery. Target refraction values calculated with the SRK/T formula using true net corneal power were compared with postoperative manifest refraction values.

Results:
Using true net corneal power, the mean deviation from the desired postoperative cataract refractive outcome was 0.47±0.56 diopters (D); the actual refraction was within ±0.50 D of the intended refraction for 70% of eyes (21/30) and within ±1.00 D for 93% of eyes (28/30).

Conclusions:

The true net corneal power can be used as a keratometry reading for eyes with previous refractive surgery requiring cataract surgery. [
J Refract Surg
. 2009;25:285–289.]
Evaluation of efficacy of false yam (Icacina oliviformis) as surface protectant against rot pathogens of white yam (Dioscora rotundata Poir)
Authors: Sowley E. N.K. , Kankam F. , Nsarko R. M. 
Published: September 2019

Rots in yam tubers are the dominant cause of postharvest losses. Therefore, studies were con­ducted to identify the rot-causing organisms in yam and to evaluate the efficacy of false yam (Icacina oliviformis) plant extracts as surface protectants in the storage of yam. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) design with five treatments (fruit, root and leaf extract of false yam, Mancozeb and tap water) replicated three times. Two concen­trations (50% and 100%) of each extract were also tested. Species were identified based on the structural features, the characteristics and properties of the spore and mycelium. A spore suspension of yam rot fungi was sprayed on healthy yam tubers that had been pretreated with the extracts. Results showed that fungi isolated from rotted yams were Aspergillus niger, A. fla­vus and Penicillium sclerotigenum. Leaf extracts (both 50% and 100%) had the highest growth inhibitions on all the three fungi isolated in vitro. Tubers treated with root and leaf extracts of false yam had a decreased tuber rot lengths of 1.80 mm2 and 2.17 mm2, respectively. The leaves and roots of false yam can be used as a surface protectant of yam in place of Mancozeb. Keywords: Icacina oliviformis; Dioscora rotundata; Mancozeb; Pathogenicity; Aspergillus spp.
Effect of added dietary lysine and methionine above recommended levels, on growth performance, breast meat yield and financial returns in broilers
Authors: Nortey T. N.N. , Quarshie E. A. , Owusu-Bremang R. , Agyei-Henneh E. , Frempong N. S. , Stark C. R. 
Published: September 2019

This study investigated the effect of added lysine and methionine above recommended levels in broiler diets, on their growth, breast meat yield and financial returns. A total of 175 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were assigned to seven dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatment one (T1) was a control diet formulated to breed specifications. Treatments two (T2) and three (T3) contained 1.2 times recommended levels of Lys and Met respectively. Treatment four (T4) contained Lys and Met at 1.2 times recommended levels. Treatments five (T5) to seven (T7) had similar combinations of Lys and Met as T2 to T4 but their inclusions were 1.4 times recommended levels. On day 43 five birds per treatment were slaughtered for breast meat yield measurements. Broilers on T6 had heavier (P<0.05) breast meat (691.6 g) and tenderloin weights (126.4 g) compared to birds on T1 (491.2 and 93.8 g respectively). The premium on the price of breast meat more than offset the added feed cost of the nutrient dense diets. However, if the finished dressed broilers are to be sold whole and uncut, this trial showed that it is better to feed the birds at the manufacturers recommended levels of Lys and Met. Keywords: Lysine; Methionine; Broilers; Breastmeat; Financial analysis
Phytoremediation potential of two maize varieties cultivated on metal-particulate-contaminated soil
Authors: Adewole M. B. , Oyebanji B. O. , Igbekele K. 
Published: September 2019

Arbitrary cultivation of vacant land, even within the periphery of cottage industries in devel­oping countries, particularly in Nigeria, is on the increase. Two maize varieties [ART98/SW1 (protein) and BR-9928-DMR-SR-Y (non-protein)] were planted within the vicinity of a metal recycling plant in Ile-Ife, Nigeria to assess the metal removal potentials of these maize cultivars. The experiment was conducted in two locations, each per maize variety and laid out in a ran­domised complete block design. Two biochars produced from maize stover and Milicia exelsa, each at 10 t ha-1 were used as soil amendments. Metal uptake by the two maize varieties was in the order: root > shoot > grain, with protein maize having higher bioconcentration factors: Fe 86.82, Zn 1.19, Cu 4.53, Mn 2.42 and Pb 0.15, and hence, a pathway through which animals, including humans could ingest these metals. It was concluded that maize crop is a bioaccumu­lator of metals in soil, and protein maize cultivar removes more metals than non-protein maize. Keywords: Biochar; farm waste; heavy metal; maize; particulate matter; remediation
Growth and Body Development of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Fattened in Floating Cages Based on Commercial Feed in Benin
Authors: Edea Géoffroy Olayèmi , Hinvi Lambert Cloud , Abou Youssouf , Gbangboche Armand Bienvenu 
Published: September 2019

This work evaluates the growth and body development of Oreochromis niloticus in floating cages in the Toho Lake of Benin. Thus, 6000 juvenile monosex male with an average initial weight of 8.87 ± 4.89 g and average initial total length of 7.87 ± 1.43 cm were randomly distributed in two floating cages (5 x 5 x 2.5 m3) at the stocking density of 3000 fish/cage. The fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation, three times daily, using 45-32% crude protein commercial pelleted floating feed Skretting®. The physico-chemical parameters of lake water recorded every 72 hours during the experiment were within the suitable ranges for fish culture and were as follows: temperature (27.78 ± 0.41 °C), pH (7.55 ± 0.22), dissolved oxygen (4.03 ± 0.96 mg/l), ammonium (0.31 ± 0.18 mg/l), nitrite (0.29 ± 0.07 mg/l) and nitrate (0.27 ± 0.12 mg/l). The variables studied at the end of the 215 days of rearing were as follows: final mean total length (26.61 ± 2.99 cm), final mean standard length (22.40 ± 2.74 cm), final mean predorsal length (6.93 ± 0.94 cm), final mean head length (3.45 ± 0.58 cm), final mean dorsal fin base length (13.55 ± 2.96 cm), final mean inter-orbital width (2.97 ± 0.37 cm), final mean body height (8.57 ± 1.56 cm) and final mean caudal peduncle height (3.27 ± 0.39 cm). The zootechnical growth parameters evaluated were as follows: survival rate (91.5%), final mean body weight (402.18 ± 137.05 g), average daily weight gain (1.83 ± 0.08 g), specific growth rate (0.77 ± 0.03%/day), feed conversion ratio (1.74 ± 0.09%) and protein efficiency ratio (1.62 ± 0.06). These results compared to the literature indicate interesting growth and body development and it would be important to promote in-cage farming of Oreochromis niloticus.
Heterogeneous Nucleation Effect of N, N'-Adipic Bis(4-phenylbutyric Acid) Dihydrazide on Crystallization Process of Poly(L-lactic Acid)
Authors: CAI Yan-Hua , ZHAO Li-Sha 
Published: September 2019

Enhancing crystallization ability is a fundamental challenges in Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) industry, therefore, the goal of this work was to synthesis a new organic nucleating agent N, N'-adipic bis(4-phenylbutyric acid) dihydrazide (APAD), and investigate its effect on non-isothermal crystallization, isothermal crystallization, melting behavior, thermal stability, and optical property of PLLA. Non-isothermal melt crystallization results showed that APAD acted as more effective nucleating and accelerating agent for the crystallization of PLLA, as a result, upon cooling at 1 °C/min, PLLA/0.5 %APAD had the highest onset crystallization temperature 136.4 °C and the crystallization peak temperature 132.0 °C, as well as the largest non-isothermal crystallization enthalpy 48.1 J/g. However, with increasing of APAD concentration from 0.5 wt.% to 3 wt.%, the crystallization peak shifted to the lower temperature. In contrast, for the non-isothermal cold crystallization process, the effect of APAD concentration on the crystallization behavior of PLLA was negligible. Additionally, the non-isothermal crystallization process was also depended on the cooling rates and the final melting temperature. In isothermal crystallization section, to compare with the primary PLLA, the crystallization half-time of PLLA/APAD could decrease from 254.3 s to the minimum value 29.4 s, with 0.5 wt.% APAD contents at 125 °C. Melting behavior of PLLA/APAD samples under different conditions further confirmed the heterogeneous nucleation effect of APAD for PLLA, and the appearance of the double melting peaks was attributed to the melting-recrystallization. Finally, the addition of APAD decreased the thermal stability to some extent, although APAD could not change the thermal decomposition profile of PLLA. And a drop of PLLA/APAD samples in light transmittance resulted from the double influence of the enhancement of crystallization and the opaqueness of APAD.
Effect of Stir Casting Process Parameters on Properties of Aluminium Composites – Taguchi’s Analysis
Authors: ARIHARAPUTHIRAN Hemalatha , VENKADASAMY Dhanalakshmi 
Published: September 2019

The need for lightweight materials in various industries, increased fuel price, requirement of improved mechanical, thermal properties leads to the development of aluminium metal matrix composites. Stir casting method is employed for preparing composite consisting of aluminium die casting -12 alloy and reinforcement of 10 % by weight proportion of silicon carbide. Taguchi’s experimental analysis is employed for varying the process parameters of stir casting method like process temperature, stirring time and stirring speed. Tests were conducted to measure mechanical property like compressive strength, wear property such as sliding wear, micro abrasion and thermal property like coefficient of thermal expansion. An attempt has been made to study the unrelated properties like compressive strength, sliding wear resistance, micro abrasion wear and coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium composites by Principal Component Analysis method. The experimental investigation shows that increase in processing temperature reduces sliding wear, micro abrasion wear and coefficient of thermal expansion and also increases compressive strength.
Synthesis, Characterization and Blood Based Toxic Effects of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: ARSHAD Muhammad Javid , AMIR Saddique , ZAHID Mehmood , NIAMA Amin , FAYYAZ Husain , BUZDAR Saeed Ahmad , NAEEM Muhammad Anjum , IMRAN Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

The objective of this study is to the assess toxicity of superparamagnetic nanoparticles within normal and diabetic human blood groups using complete blood count (CBC). For this purpose, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, VSM and CBC. XRD confirmed the cubic structure of Fe3O4 with Miller indices (2 0 0), (2 2 0), (3 1 1), (4 0 0), (4 4 0) and average size of magnetic nanoparticles was calculated about 11.13 nm diameter. The morphology of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images of magnetite were found partially smooth. Spectra of EDX depicted the Fe, O and Cl elements in IONP. Magnetic properties were examined by vibrating sampling magnetometer (VSM). The blood toxicity was reported by blood contents in normal and diabetic blood samples for specified intervals using CBC technique. One sample test of variance of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leucocytes and thrombocytes showed the significant difference (p > 0.05) among 0 hrs to 72 hrs for all normal and diabetic blood samples. This study concluded that presence of iron oxides nanoparticles of size 11.13 nm in human blood induces reactive oxygen species which cause the cell death. Hemoglobin was highly affected content of blood than erythrocytes, leucocytes by toxic effects of IONPs. Reduction of platelets among all content of blood groups posed another signature of this hematology study. Toxic spectrum of IONPs must be considered before the application of MRI contrast agents and drug delivery.
Controversies Regarding the Interpretation of Follicular Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Suster Saul 
Published: September 2019

Context.—Follicular nodules are the most common source of diagnostic difficulties in the practice of surgical pathology of the thyroid. This is due to a variety of factors, the most salient of which is the lack of well-defined criteria and evidence-based data for the diagnosis of these lesions.Objectives.—To discuss some of the assumptions that have been accrued over the years regarding the criteria by which we evaluate such lesions.Data Sources.—The information presented herein is based on review of the literature and the author's personal experience.Conclusions.—Thyroid nodules with a predominant follicular growth pattern span the range from benign lesions (hyperplastic nodules, adenomatoid nodules, follicular adenomas) to malignant neoplasms (follicular carcinoma, follicular variant of papillary carcinoma) with a host of intermediate or indeterminate lesions found in between. Advances in immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology have not yet provided a reliable way of separating the borderline or intermediate cases. Low-grade and intermediate or borderline follicular-patterned thyroid lesions are those most often prone to difficulties for interpretation. Newer and potential future approaches for the evaluation of these lesions are discussed.
L’amendement fantôme : révocation de citoyenneté, pseudo-histoire et conspiration autour du Titles of Nobility Amendment de 1810*
Authors: Villeneuve Hubert 
Published: September 2019

Cette étude porte sur le Titles of Nobility Act, amendement constitutionnel adopté par le Congrès des États-Unis en 1810, mais ratifié par un nombre insuffisant d’États pour devenir partie de la constitution américaine. Peu connu, cet amendement suscite pourtant, depuis l’émergence d’Internet, un intérêt dans certains milieux de la droite antigouvernementale américaine, qui soutient que sa ratification eut lieu, mais fut étouffée par un complot. Cette étude postule que ces théories, quoiqu’erronées, méritent analyse, car elles permettent de comprendre la dynamique de la « pseudo-histoire » propre à certaines sous-cultures politiques. Ce faisant, elle rectifie également les faits et met en lumière l’importance, aujourd’hui largement oubliée, de l’enjeu des titres de noblesse dans les États-Unis des XVIIIe et XIXe siècles.
Cassava Productivity Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Oluwafemi Z. O. , Omonona B. T. , Adepoju A. O. , Sowunmi F. A. 
Published: September 2019

Cassava has gained prominence in the world and has become economic crop in the Nigerian agricultural sector. Secondary data was used for this study. The required variables were extracted from General Household Survey Panel Data (GHS-P). The GHS-P is a nationally representative survey of households across Nigeria covering urban and rural sectors. Analytical tools used included Total factor productivity and Markov chain. 82% of populations of Cassava farmers are in the rural areas and close to 73% were young adults including both male and female involved in cassava production. Approximately 65% of the cassava based farmers were single that not yet married and most of the farmers were educated and about 80% and 98% of the cassava based farmers did not have access to credit facilities and extension personnel respectively. Generally, the cassava productivity growth was erratic and very small proportion of cassava farmers that were in lower productivity reduced overtime, while the minimal proportion of cassava farmers that moved into both moderate and high productivity increased overtime respectively. Generally, there is more to be done to increase and attain sustainable high level cassava productivity growth in Nigeria.