bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus infections in solid organ transplantation: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Lee Dong H. , Zuckerman Richard A. ,   on behalf of the AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Published: March 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Community of Practice of the American Society of Transplantation review the diagnosis, prevention, and management of HSV in the pre‐ and post‐transplant period. A majority of transplant recipients are seropositive for HSV‐1 or 2. Compared with immunocompetent persons, SOT recipients shed HSV more frequently, have more severe clinical manifestations, and are slower to respond to therapy. Most HSV infection is diagnosed on clinical grounds, but patients may present with atypical lesions and/or other clinical manifestations. Acquisition from the donor is rare. Polymerase chain reaction is the preferred diagnostic test unless culture is needed for resistance testing. For limited mucocutaneous lesions, oral therapy can be used; however, in severe, disseminated, visceral or CNS involvement, acyclovir doses of up to 10 mg/kg every 8 hours intravenously should be initiated. Acyclovir‐resistant HSV is less common in SOT patients than in HSCT and can be treated with foscarnet, though other novel therapies are currently under investigation. HSV‐specific prophylaxis should be considered for all HSV‐1 and HSV‐2–seropositive organ recipients who are not receiving antiviral medication for CMV prevention that has activity against HSV.
A century of decline: Loss of genetic diversity in a southern African lion‐conservation stronghold
Authors: Dures Simon G. , Carbone Chris , Loveridge Andrew J. , Maude Glyn , Midlane Neil , Aschenborn Ortwin , Gottelli Dada 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThere is a dearth of evidence that determines the genetic diversity of populations contained within present‐day protected areas compared with their historical state prior to large‐scale species declines, making inferences about a species’ conservation genetic status difficult to assess. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate the use of historical specimens to assess the change in genetic diversity over a defined spatial area.LocationLike many other species, African lion populations (Panthera leo) are undergoing dramatic contractions in range and declines in numbers, motivating the identification of a number of lion‐conservation strongholds across East and southern Africa. We focus on one such stronghold, the Kavango–Zambezi transfrontier conservation area (KAZA) of Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe.MethodsWe compare genetic diversity between historical museum specimens, collected during the late 19th and early 20th century, with samples from the modern extant population. We use 16 microsatellite markers and sequence 337 base pairs of the hypervariable control region (HVR1) of the mitochondrial genome. We use bootstrap resampling to allow for comparisons between the historical and modern data.ResultsWe show that the genetic diversity of the modern population was reduced by 12%–17%, with a reduction in allelic diversity of approximately 15%, compared to historical populations, in addition to having lost a number of mitochondrial haplotypes. We also identify a number of “ghost alleles” in the historical samples which are no longer present in the extant population.Main ConclusionsWe argue a rapid decline in allelic richness after 1895 suggests the erosion of genetic diversity coincides with the rise of a European colonial presence and the outbreak of rinderpest in the region. Our results support the need to improved connectivity between protected areas in order to prevent further loss of genetic diversity in the region.
Continuous liquid‐suction catheter attachment for endoscope reduces volume of liquid reflux to the mouth in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hatta Waku , Koike Tomoyuki , Okata Hideki , Hanzawa Takashi , Saito Masahiro , Kondo Yutaka , Ara Nobuyuki , Asanuma Kiyotaka , Uno Kaname , Asano Naoki , Imatani Akira , Iijima Katsunori , Nakamura Tomohiro , Nakaya Naoki , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: March 2019

Background and AimPooling of liquid in the esophageal lumen can worsen the field of vision and cause liquid reflux to the mouth, which leads to aspiration pneumonia, in esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). We developed a continuous liquid‐suction catheter attachment for the endoscope (CLCA) that has multiple tiny holes and can suction the liquid without causing mucosal injury. Thus, we aim to show the efficacy of CLCA in esophageal ESD.MethodsThis was a single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial involving patients with superficial esophageal cancer. The enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the conventional ESD (C‐ESD) or ESD with CLCA (CLCA‐ESD) groups. Primary endpoint was volume of liquid reflux to the mouth during the ESD procedure. Secondary endpoints were incidence of aspiration pneumonia and procedure time.ResultsFifty patients were enrolled in this trial. Volume of liquid reflux to the mouth was significantly lower in the CLCA‐ESD group than in the C‐ESD group (mean: 10 vs 73 mL, P = 0.010). Furthermore, the incidence of aspiration pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) scan between the two groups was also significantly different (4.0% vs 32.0%, P = 0.023), although no significant difference was observed through chest radiography. In addition, procedure time tended to be shorter in the CLCA‐ESD group (P = 0.054).ConclusionThis study first showed that use of CLCA in esophageal ESD reduced the volume of liquid reflux to the mouth and contributed to decreased incidence of aspiration pneumonia on CT scan (UMIN000018167).
Cover Image, Volume 21, Issue 4
Authors: Kim Jin Hee , Lee Minyoung , Kim Soo Hyun , Kim So Ra , Lee Byung‐Wan , Kang Eun Seok , Cha Bong‐Soo , Cho Jin Won , Lee Yong‐ho 
Published: March 2019

The cover image is based on the Original Article Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors regulate ketone body metabolism via inter‐organ crosstalk by Jin Hee Kim et al., 10.1111/dom.13577.
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Procyanidin B2 from lotus seedpod regulate NO/ADMA/DDAH pathway to treat insomnia in rats
Authors: Xiao Hong‐Bo , Wang Yi‐Shan , Liang Lin , Lu XiangYang , Sun Zhi‐Liang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent studies show that nitric oxide/asymmetric dimethylarginine/dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (NO/ADMA/DDAH) pathway may contribute to the development of sleep disorder. The objective of this study was to explore the inhibitory effect of procyanidin B2 from lotus seedpod (LSPC), a naturally occurring catechin compound, on insomnia and the mechanisms involved. The experiments were performed in brain from Sprague‐Dawley rat control and insomniac rats treated or not with LSPC (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg, intragastrically) for 7 days. LSPC treatment reduced walking time and forelimb lifting‐up frequency, cerebral levels of noradrenaline, glutamic acid, ADMA, sleep latency, and 8‐isoprostane; increased sleep duration, cerebral concentrations of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and NO concomitantly with upregulated cerebral expression of DDAH 1, DDAH2, and neuronal NO synthases in insomniac rats. The present results suggest that LSPC may regulate NO/ADMA/DDAH pathway by inhibiting oxidative stress to treat insomnia in rats when sleep evaluation was achieved on the basis of behavioral criteria.
Cyclo‐oxygenase selectivity and chemical groups of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and the frequency of reporting hypersensitivity reactions: a case/noncase study in VigiBase
Authors: Bakhriansyah Mohammad , Meyboom Ronald H.B. , Souverein Patrick C. , de Boer Anthonius , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo date, no reports of hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) among nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) according to cyclo‐oxygenase (COX) selectivity and chemical groups have been published in a single study. The present study assessed the reporting frequency of HSRs for NSAIDs based on their relative inhibitory potency toward COX enzymes and chemical groups, including the presence/absence of a functional sulfonamide group, in strata observed 5 years after market authorization. A case/noncase study was performed among individual case safety reports (ICSRs) with NSAIDs as suspected drugs in VigiBase, the WHO spontaneous reporting database. Cases were ICSRs mentioning angioedema and anaphylactic/anaphylactoid shock conditions, while noncases were ICSRs without HSRs. NSAIDs were categorized into (i) NSAIDs with high COX‐2 selectivity (coxibs), (ii) noncoxib NSAIDs with COX‐2 preference, (iii) NSAIDs with poor selectivity, or (iv) NSAIDs with unknown selectivity. Chemical groups were defined based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and the presence/absence of a functional sulfonamide group. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. We identified 13 229 cases and 106 444 noncases. In the first 5 years after marketing, poor‐selectivity NSAIDs and acetic acid derivatives were associated with the highest ROR of HSRs (age‐ and sex‐adjusted ROR 2.12, 95% CI 1.98–2.28; and ROR 2.21, 95% CI 1.83–2.66, respectively) compared with coxibs, and sulfonamide NSAIDs were associated with the highest ROR of HSRs compared with nonsulfonamide NSAIDs (age‐ and sex‐adjusted ROR 1.38, 95% CI 1.29–1.47). After the first 5 years of marketing, most of the RORs returned to approximately 1.
Within‐syndicate conflicts, loan covenants, and syndicate formation
Authors: Dass Nishant , Nanda Vikram , Wang Qinghai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study how conflicts within a lending syndicate affect loan contract and syndicate formation. We argue that loan provisions serve an important dual function: In addition to moderating borrower–lender conflicts, they reduce within‐syndicate conflicts. We show that greater potential for within‐syndicate conflicts is associated with more and stricter covenants. Loans are less restrictive when the interests of participants and the lead arrangers are better aligned, for example, when participant–banks have stronger relationships with the lead arranger or hold borrower's equity (indirectly). Overall, our results show that covenant choice, syndicate formation, and lead arranger's loan allocation all play an important role in reducing within‐syndicate conflicts.
Local religious beliefs and municipal bond market outcomes
Authors: Abakah Alex Annan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study investigates whether religion‐induced risk aversion affects municipal bond market outcomes from 1990 to 2017. The results indicate that local government bonds issued from U.S. counties with a high Catholic‐to‐Protestant population ratio have lower credit risk ratings and lower yield spreads, and are less likely to have credit enhancement. The results stand up to additional tests. I control for issuer's county political party affiliation and state term limits, and continue to find significant effects. The effects are not driven by the issuer's county fiscal policies. Furthermore, the effects persist when I use an alternate specification that controls for omitted factors that are time invariant. Overall, my evidence suggests that a bond issuer's religion‐induced risk aversion plays a significant role in the pricing of local government bonds.
Exploring regional variations in the cross‐cultural, international implementation of the Patient Reported Outcomes Burdens and Experience (PROBE) study
Authors: Chai‐Adisaksopha Chatree , Skinner Mark W. , Curtis Randall , Frick Neil , Nichol Michael B. , Noone Declan , O'Mahony Brian , Page David , Stonebraker Jeffrey , Thabane Lehana , Crowther Mark A. , Iorio Alfonso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient Reported Outcomes Burdens and Experience (PROBE) study has developed and validated the PROBE questionnaire for assessing patient‐reported outcomes in people with haemophilia and participants without bleeding disorders.ObjectiveTo explore the regional variations in the international implementation of the PROBE questionnaire.MethodsData were collected from participants in four regions (Western Pacific, South America, North America and Europe). Participants were able to choose English or translated versions of the PROBE questionnaire into their first language. We used analysis of variance methods and multivariable regression to determine the relative contribution of the variance explained by region controlling for haemophilia diagnosis, age group and levels of educations. We also explored interactions between region and the other components.ResultsWe used 862 questionnaires from 14 countries. Mean age of participants was 40.03 years (standard deviation 13.89), and 73.67% were male. After adjusting, region contributed 0.44%‐7.98% of the variance component in subitem scores and 0.26% in the PROBE score. Years of education contributed 0.34% in the PROBE score. Age and haemophilia diagnosis contributed 3.42% and 22.42% of the PROBE score.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the PROBE questionnaire is valid to implement for assessing health status among patients with haemophilia and participants without bleeding disorders across regions.
The effect of a hemodialysis patient education program on fluid control and dietary compliance
Authors: Başer Esra , Mollaoğlu Mukadder 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Some hemodialysis patients may experience problems in completing activities of daily living and adhering to diet and fluid restrictions due to a decrease in self‐care power and a loss of competence.Methods: The study was conducted with 78 people assigned to the intervention (N = 38) and control groups (N = 40). Data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, dialysis diet and fluid nonadherence questionnaire (DDFQ), and fluid control in hemodialysis patients scale (FCHPS). The participants in the intervention group were given the “Nutrition Education Booklet for Dialysis Patients”. The participants in the intervention group were trained through four education sessions across 4 months, and the measurement tools were administered to them. The participants in the control group were interviewed twice, once at the onset of the study and once 2 months later and the measurement tools were administered to them.Findings: In the intervention group, a decrease was observed in the pre‐ and postdialysis interdialytic weight gain, ultrafiltration (UF) volume, and blood pressure values of the patients after the training. There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean scores for the frequency and degree of nonadherence to diet restriction, and for the frequency and degree of nonadherence to fluid restriction in the participants in the intervention group compared to the participants in the control group (P < 0.05). There was a statistically significant increase in the mean scores obtained from the FCHPS and its subscales by the participants in the intervention group compared to the participants in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The training given to the hemodialysis patients positively contributed to their adherence to diet and fluid restrictions. The patients' adherence to diet and fluid restriction increased.
The effect of increased frequency of hemodialysis on serum cystatin C and β2‐microglobulin concentrations: A secondary analysis of the frequent hemodialysis network (FHN) trial
Authors: Huang Shih‐Han S. , Kaysen George A. , Levin Nathan W. , Kliger Alan S. , Beck Gerald J. , Rocco Michael V. , Filler Guido , Lindsay Robert M. ,   the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Group
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Small molecular weight toxin clearance is the main method of assessment of hemodialysis efficiency. Middle molecules including cystatin C (CysC) and Beta‐2 microglobulin (β2‐M) are understudied. We hypothesized that lowering of predialysis CysC and β2‐M serum concentrations would be affected by switching to more frequent hemodialysis.Methods: Predialysis CysC and β2‐M serum concentrations were measured from serum samples of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily and Nocturnal Trials. The differences between predialysis concentrations at baseline (while on conventional thrice weekly dialysis) and those after 12‐months of study (on more frequent dialysis) were compared separately by trial (Nocturnal, Daily). We tested the associations between predialysis serum CysC and β2‐M concentrations and outcomes.Findings: Forty‐nine percent and 52% of the patients from the FHN Daily and Nocturnal Trials respectively were included in this ancillary study. Predialysis serum CysC concentrations remained unchanged after intensifying hemodialysis dose by either modality. There was significant lowering of the serum β2‐M concentrations in the frequent Daily Trial hemodialysis group at 12 months in all patients and in patients without residual renal function at baseline (−3.8 ± 12.62 μg/mL, P = 0.004; −5.9 ± 12.99 μg/mL, P = 0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences between the baseline and the 12‐months predialysis β2‐M serum concentrations in the two control groups (Daily 3× and Nocturnal 3× groups). No association between the changes in the two biomarkers between baseline and 12‐months and in changes in left ventricular mass, physical‐health composite scores, hospitalization rate, and death were found. The numbers of hospitalizations and deaths were small.Discussion: β2‐M may be a better biomarker of dialysis dose than CysC. Reduction in the concentration of potentially toxic long‐lived proteins of the size of β‐2M is one potential long‐term benefit of more intensive dialysis that may be explored.
THE GHOST OF DARWIN'S ANIMALS: PRESENCE AND THE RETURN OF THE REAL
Authors: LYTJE MAREN 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis essay takes its point of departure from the emergence of the concept of presence in the field of history and theory. The essay suggests that the emergence of presence is related to the events of September 11 and signals a weariness of the postmodern condition and a longing for the real. Advocates of presence, the essay argues, have stressed how the material traces of the past move us in the present, and in doing so have played down the problematic relationship between past experience and historical representation, which was a concern of the linguistic turn. The essay argues that this interest in the trace points to a shift away from the meaning‐making of symbolic practices and toward the moment when the master signifier enables (symbolic) meaning to occur. This indicates that there is a desire for the real at play in the move toward presence. Through an analysis of Eelco Runia's concept of presence, the essay argues that this desire for the real is related to a repression of Darwin's evolutionary framework, which has been considered bad taste in the social sciences and humanities since the end of the Second World War.
THE HISTORY OF SEXUALITY: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE FIELD
Authors: D'Emilio John 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn this concise volume, Jeffrey Weeks traces the development of the history of sexuality from its earliest days, more than a century ago, to the present. He identifies dominant themes and subject matter as well as analyzing and commenting upon some of the key theoretical frameworks that have driven this scholarly endeavor. He devotes special attention to LGBT history, to histories of gender, power, and sexuality, and to globalization and the transnational turn in historical writing. He gives attention to the tensions that have often existed between a community‐based activist history produced from within the LGBT community and the history produced within the academy. Finally, he considers the degree to which sexual history has been mainstreamed and the dangers and the value of that process.
THE EMPIRE OF THE FUTURE
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis rich collection analyzes science in the archives over the past several thousand years. The chapters work together to tell stories of ambitious attempts to provide timeless data for science, which will be used for generations to come—ranging from ancient astronomy to geology to life‐logging and the development of web search. They also demonstrate convincingly that archives are powerful forces across the sciences—every science discussed has an archival base—which partly determine what kind of general knowledge claims can be made by future generations: it is hard to read an archive askance. The collection works best as a series of individual chapters, though some work is done to indicate where they speak to one another. It is a pity that there was not more input from archivists themselves in the project: their noninclusion means that some archival issues (especially what goes on with data after it gets into the archive—how it gets cleaned up, changed, reorganized) are treated somewhat lightly. The collection does provide a very useful set of tools for thinking about scientific archives. It is also an excellent introduction to the peculiarities of scientific archives—one that reflects back on the use of archives in history in general.
Assessing students’ confidence in interpreting dental radiographs following a blended learning module
Authors: Pacheco‐Pereira Camila , Senior Anthea , Green Jacqueline , Watson Ellen , Rasmussen Kari , Compton Sharon M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed senior dental hygiene (DH) students’ self‐reported confidence in interpreting dental radiographs following the introduction of a blended learning (BL) module for radiology interpretation. The assessment of students was conducted five months prior to graduation.MethodsA BL oral radiology module was designed. In order to capture the context, descriptions and differences of students’ experience and confidence, a qualitative research approach was selected. Data were captured using a semi‐structured interview process and analysed using phenomenographic methods.ResultsSixteen students were interviewed. Blinded transcripts were analysed, and the main themes relating to confidence were extracted and arranged into categories. The categories were coded as to how confident (low, medium or high) each of the students felt specific to varying contexts and complexities of radiographic interpretation.ConclusionPredominately, the BL model had a positive impact on DH students’ confidence in the interpretation of radiographic findings. However, when asked about their level of overall confidence in interpreting dental radiographs, students still did not describe themselves as confident for all potential findings on radiographs at this point in their education. The students highlighted the importance of having patient history details and clinical assessment findings included in the interpretation exercises and expressed a desire to collaborate with other professionals when interpreting radiographs.