bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive Changes in the Retinal Structure of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ma Li-Jing , Xu Ling-Li , Mao Cheng-jie , Fu Yun-Ting , Ji Xiao-Yan , Shen Yun , Chen Jing , Yang Ya-ping , Liu Chun-Feng 
Published: February 2018

Background: Many optical coherence tomography (OCT) studies have reported alterations in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, whether retinal alterations are a biomarker for PD is still controversial. Objective: To investigate potential correlations between PD and morphological changes in retina using OCT and to determine its usefulness as a biomarker of disease progression in PD. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on patients with PD (N = 37) and age-matched controls (N = 42), followed by a longitudinal study of the PD patients (N = 22) over approximately 2.5 years. Results: The average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness ( p < 0.001), total macular thickness ( p = 0.001), and macular volume ( p = 0.001) were decreased in PD patients compared to controls and had further decreased at the follow-up visit ( p < 0.05 for all). The average RNFL thickness and the total thickness of macular were negatively correlated with age in PD patients at baseline. Linear regression analysis revealed that age ( p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively) and LEDD ( p = 0.011, p = 0.013, respectively) were correlated to total thickness and volume of macular in 22 PD patients in the follow-up study. However, no correlation was found between RNFL and other parameters. Conclusions: PD progression is associated with pronounced retinal structure changes, which can be quantified by OCT. Patterns of RNFL and macular damage detected by the noninvasive technology of OCT can be a useful biomarker for evaluating the progression of PD.
Vers une « nuit rougeâtre et non pas bleue »: Olivier Larronde et la résurgence de l’œuvre de Maurice Scève dans les années de l'après-guerre
Authors: Wishart James 
Published: February 2018

(French): Les essais de Jean Tortel et Philippe Jaccottet, ainsi que la parution récente de « Les dizains contrastés » d'André du Bouchet, révèlent une véritable fascination pour Délie (1544) de Maurice Scève dans les années de l'après-guerre. Le recueil est alors redécouvert comme un « travail du voir » (Tortel) et valorisé pour la tension qui s'y trame entre construction et effacement de la forme poétique, générant un rapport inédit à l'image. À partir des essais mentionnés, cet article propose une mise en perspective des deux premiers recueils d'Olivier Larronde, Les Barricades mystérieuses (1945) et Rien, voilà l'ordre (1956), où l'influence de Scève se manifeste au sein même des poèmes. Attentif au tissage du sémantique et du visuel, il montre comment l'espace figural de la poésie préclassique colore la poésie de Larronde et les différents courants de la poésie dans les années 1940–60.
The Genealogical Tree of Ethanol: Gas-phase Formation of Glycolaldehyde, Acetic Acid, and Formic Acid
Authors: Skouteris Dimitrios , Balucani Nadia , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Vazart Fanny , Puzzarini Cristina , Barone Vincenzo , Codella Claudio , Lefloch Bertrand 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Despite the harsh conditions of the interstellar medium, chemistry thrives in it, especially in star-forming regions where several interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) have been detected. Yet, how these species are synthesized is a mystery. The majority of current models claim that this happens on interstellar grain surfaces. Nevertheless, evidence is mounting that neutral gas-phase chemistry plays an important role. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for the gas-phase synthesis of glycolaldehyde, a species with a prebiotic potential and for which no gas-phase formation route was previously known. In the proposed scheme, the ancestor is ethanol and the glycolaldehyde sister species are acetic acid (another iCOM with unknown gas-phase formation routes) and formic acid. For the reactions of the new scheme with no available data, we have performed electronic structure and kinetics calculations deriving rate coefficients and branching ratios. Furthermore, after a careful review of the chemistry literature, we revised the available chemical networks, adding and correcting several reactions related to glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, and formic acid. The new chemical network has been used in an astrochemical model to predict the abundance of glycolaldehyde, acetic acid, and formic acid. The predicted abundance of glycolaldehyde depends on the ethanol abundance in the gas phase and is in excellent agreement with the measured one in hot corinos and shock sites. Our new model overpredicts the abundance of acetic acid and formic acid by about a factor of 10, which might imply a yet incomplete reaction network.
Survey Observations to Study Chemical Evolution from High-mass Starless Cores to High-mass Protostellar Objects. I. HC3N and HC5N
Authors: Taniguchi Kotomi , Saito Masao , Sridharan T. K. , Minamidani Tetsuhiro 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We carried out survey observations of HC3N and HC5N in the 42−45 GHz band toward 17 high-mass starless cores (HMSCs) and 35 high-mass protostellar objects (HMPOs) with the Nobeyama 45 m radio telescope. We have detected HC3N from 15 HMSCs and 28 HMPOs, and HC5N from 5 HMSCs and 14 HMPOs, respectively. The average values of the column density of HC3N are found to be

and

cm−2 in HMSCs and HMPOs, respectively. The average values of the fractional abundance of HC3N are derived to be

and

in HMSCs and HMPOs, respectively. We find that the fractional abundance of HC3N decreases from HMSCs to HMPOs using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. On the other hand, its average value of the column density slightly increases from HMSCs to HMPOs. This may imply that HC3N is newly formed in dense gas in HMPO regions. We also investigate the relationship between the column density of HC3N in HMPOs and the luminosity-to-mass ratio (L/M), a physical evolutional indicator. The column density of HC3N tends to decrease with the increase of the L/M ratio, which suggests that HC3N is destroyed by the stellar activities.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: The C iv Blueshift, Its Variability, and Its Dependence Upon Quasar Properties
Authors: Sun Mouyuan , Xue Yongquan , Richards Gordon T. , Trump Jonathan R. , Shen Yue , Brandt W. N. , Schneider D. P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We use the multi-epoch spectra of 362 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project to investigate the dependence of the blueshift of C iv relative to Mg ii on quasar properties. We confirm that high-blueshift sources tend to have low C iv equivalent widths (EWs), and that the low-EW sources span a range of blueshift. Other high-ionization lines, such as He ii, also show similar blueshift properties. The ratio of the line width (measured as both the full width at half maximum and the velocity dispersion) of C iv to that of Mg ii increases with blueshift. Quasar variability enhances the connection between the C iv blueshift and quasar properties (e.g., EW). The variability of the Mg ii line center (i.e., the wavelength that bisects the cumulative line flux) increases with blueshift. In contrast, the C iv line center shows weaker variability at the extreme blueshifts. Quasars with the high-blueshift C iv lines tend to have less variable continuum emission, when controlling for EW, luminosity, and redshift. Our results support the scenario that high-blueshift sources tend to have large Eddington ratios.
The Megamaser Cosmology Project. X. High-resolution Maps and Mass Constraints for SMBHs
Authors: Zhao W. , Braatz J. A. , Condon J. J. , Lo K. Y. , Reid M. J. , Henkel C. , Pesce D. W. , Greene J. E. , Gao F. , Kuo C. Y. , Impellizzeri C. M. V. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present high-resolution (submas) Very Long Baseline Interferometry maps of nuclear H2O megamasers for seven galaxies. In UGC 6093, the well-aligned systemic masers and high-velocity masers originate in an edge-on, flat disk and we determine the mass of the central supermassive black holes (SMBH) to be M
SMBH = 2.58 × 107
M
⊙ (±7%). For J1346+5228, the distribution of masers is consistent with a disk, but the faint high-velocity masers are only marginally detected, and we constrain the mass of the SMBH to be in the range (1.5–2.0) × 107
M
⊙. The origin of the masers in Mrk 1210 is less clear, as the systemic and high-velocity masers are misaligned and show a disorganized velocity structure. We present one possible model in which the masers originate in a tilted, warped disk, but we do not rule out the possibility of other explanations including outflow masers. In NGC 6926, we detect a set of redshifted masers, clustered within a parsec of each other, and a single blueshifted maser about 4.4 pc away, an offset that would be unusually large for a maser disk system. Nevertheless, if it is a disk system, we estimate the enclosed mass to be M
SMBH < 4.8 × 107
M
⊙. For NGC 5793, we detect redshifted masers spaced about 1.4 pc from a clustered set of blueshifted features. The orientation of the structure supports a disk scenario as suggested by Hagiwara et al. We estimate the enclosed mass to be M
SMBH < 1.3 × 107
M
⊙. For NGC 2824 and J0350−0127, the masers may be associated with parsec- or subparsec-scale jets or outflows.
Relativistic Astronomy
Authors: Zhang Bing , Li Kunyang 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The “Breakthrough Starshot” aims at sending near-speed-of-light cameras to nearby stellar systems in the future. Due to the relativistic effects, a transrelativistic camera naturally serves as a spectrograph, a lens, and a wide-field camera. We demonstrate this through a simulation of the optical-band image of the nearby galaxy M51 in the rest frame of the transrelativistic camera. We suggest that observing celestial objects using a transrelativistic camera may allow one to study the astronomical objects in a special way, and to perform unique tests on the principles of special relativity. We outline several examples that suggest transrelativistic cameras may make important contributions to astrophysics and suggest that the Breakthrough Starshot cameras may be launched in any direction to serve as a unique astronomical observatory.
Évolution de l’image échographique du produit de conception chez la vache
Authors: Chaffaux Stéphane 
Published: February 2018

Real-time echotomography paterns of the bovine conceptus during early pregnancy .
Echotomography was performed on approximately 150 cows by transrectal route during the first trimester of gestation. Accurate images of the conceptus were collected throughout the course of this period. More specifically, an embryonic vesicule can be observed on the screen as early as 28 days after insemination.
Finally, this study refers to the validation and interest of such a new tool in the assessment of late embryonic mortality incidence.
Salmonellose à Salmonella Typhimurium chez le poulain
Authors: Vaissaire Josée , Plateau Éric , Corbion B. , Moutou François , Gayot Georges 
Published: February 2018

Les auteurs décrivent l’apparition de foyers importants de Salmonellose équine en France en 1981, provoquant la mort de jeunes poulains de 1 à 3 mois et quelques avortements sur les juments.
Le portage par les animaux adultes apparemment sains est important.
Cette épidémie de Salmonelloses est due à Salmonella typhimurium V. Copenhague, si cette salmonelle appartient à un biotype particulier (biotype b) connu, elle appartient par contre à un lyzotype encore inconnu en France.
Cette salmonelle a d’autre part la particularité d'être multirésistante aux antibiotiques et, de ce fait, les auteurs attirent l’attention des vétérinaires, éleveurs et médecins en leur demandant une grande vigilance et une certaine prudence concernant des traitements intempestifs et «aveugles» avec des antibiotiques.
Le syndrome dilatation-torsion de l'estomac (S.D.T.E.) chez le chien
Authors: Corlouer J.-P. 
Published: February 2018

The importance of the gastric torsion-dilatation syndrome is often belittled. The predisposing, faborable and determinant causes are studied, as well as the physiopathogeny of the dilatation, torsion and shock.
The therapeutic approach is then discussed : treatment of the shock and surgical techniques. The prophylactic, sanitary and surgical methods are considered.
The dilatation torsion is presented as a syndrome, and not as a morbid entity.
Le problème des anabolisants en France et dans les pays du Marché Commun
Authors: Richou-Bac Lucien 
Published: February 2018

The use of anabolic hormones in animal production raises great problems in european countries.
The E.E.C. directive 81/602 of July 31, 1981 has forbidden stilbenes and put under considerations the anabolic compounds : estradiol 170, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone and zeranol. The recall of chemical structures and effective regulations is followed by a survey of metabolism and analytical methods.
For anabolic hormones control, the actually tendancy refers to physical and chemicals methods (H.P.T.L.C.) and biochemical methods (R.I.A.). The toxicological and qualitative aspects are seen with aid of the most recent scientific bases.
Immunité anti-pancréatique dans le diabète insulino-dépendant du chien : un nouveau modèle de diabète humain de type I
Authors: Saï Pierre , Sachs M. , Jondet A. , Assan R. 
Published: February 2018

L'existence de réactions immunitaires anti-pancréatiques a été recherchée chez 6 chiens diabétiques insulinodépendants (DID), en utilisant des cellules pancréatiques de souris comme cellules ciblés in vitro. Les lymphocytes de ces chiens DID altéraient significativement l'insulino-sécrétion des cellules pancréatiques, suggérant l’existence d'une immunité cellulaire. La sécrétion d'insuline était aussi altérée par les sérums de 4 des 6 chiens diabétiques, en présence de complément (C'), suggérant l'existence d’une immunité humorale anti-pancréatique. Une augmentation significative du relargage de chrome 51 des cellules pancréatiques en
Sresence des sérums DID confirmait l'existence d'anticorps fixant le C' et cytotoxiques pour les cellules. Le DID canin pourrait représenter un modèle important pour l'étude des phénomènes auto-immuns dans le DID humain.
Incidence du jeûne et du transport sur les performances zootechniques du veau de boucherie. Essais de prévention durant la période d’adaptation : cas de la Fluméquine
Authors: Joussellin Wilfrid 
Published: February 2018

Avant leur arrivée dans un atelier d’élevage, les jeunes veaux de souche laitière subissent une série d'agressions liées à la nécessité de constituer des lots d’animaux âgés d’une quinzaine de jours.
Les jeunes veaux sont en général fatigués, déshydratés et ne reprennent leur poids d’origine que vers le 12-15e jour.
A Grignon, en utilisant des animaux nés sur l'exploitation de la ferme, nous avons constaté qu'un jeûne de 48 h sur des veaux n’ayant pas eu à subir les contraintes d’un transport ou qu'un transport de 4 à 8 h chez des animaux régulièrement alimentés ne déterminait aucune perte de poids vif durant la première semaine d'élevage après leur réception.
L’administration par voie orale durant 10 jours consécutifs de Fluméquine, antibactérien de synthèse actif sur les colibacilles, permet de contrôler les diarrhées infectieuses des jeunes veaux et se traduit par une récupération rapide du poids vif des veaux.
La stabilité de la forme soluble de cette quinolone permet de traiter simultanément les veaux d'une bande d'élevage après incorporation dans l’aliment d’allaitement.
Vertically resolved characteristics of air pollution during two severe winter haze episodes in urban Beijing, China
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Sun Yele , Xu Weiqi , Du Wei , Zhou Libo , Tang Guiqian , Chen Chen , Cheng Xueling , Zhao Xiujuan , Ji Dongsheng , Han Tingting , Wang Zhe , Li Jie , Wang Zifa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We conducted the first real-time continuous vertical
measurements of particle extinction (bext), gaseous NO2, and black
carbon (BC) from ground level to 260 m during two severe winter haze
episodes at an urban site in Beijing, China. Our results illustrated four
distinct types of vertical profiles: (1) uniform vertical distributions
(37 % of the time) with vertical differences less than 5 %, (2) higher
values at lower altitudes (29 %), (3) higher values at higher altitudes
(16 %), and (4) significant decreases at the heights of ∼ 100–150 m (14 %). Further analysis demonstrated that vertical convection as
indicated by mixing layer height, temperature inversion, and local emissions
are three major factors affecting the changes in vertical profiles.
Particularly, the formation of type 4 was strongly associated with the
stratified layer that was formed due to the interactions of different air
masses and temperature inversions. Aerosol composition was substantially
different below and above the transition heights with ∼ 20–30 % higher contributions of local sources (e.g., biomass burning and
cooking) at lower altitudes. A more detailed evolution of vertical profiles
and their relationship with the changes in source emissions, mixing layer
height, and aerosol chemistry was illustrated by a case study. BC showed
overall similar vertical profiles as those of bext (R2=0.92 and
0.69 in November and January, respectively). While NO2 was correlated
with bext for most of the time, the vertical profiles of
bext ∕ NO2 varied differently for different profiles, indicating the
impact of chemical transformation on vertical profiles. Our results also
showed that more comprehensive vertical measurements (e.g., more aerosol and
gaseous species) at higher altitudes in the megacities are needed for a
better understanding of the formation mechanisms and evolution of severe
haze episodes in China.
Projected changes in crop yield mean and variability over West Africa in a world 1.5 K warmer than the pre-industrial era
Authors: Parkes Ben , Defrance Dimitri , Sultan Benjamin , Ciais Philippe , Wang Xuhui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The ability of a region to feed itself in the upcoming decades is an
important issue. The West African population is expected to increase
significantly in the next 30 years. The responses of crops to short-term
climate change is critical to the population and the decision makers tasked
with food security. This leads to three questions: how will crop yields
change in the near future? What influence will climate change have on crop
failures? Which adaptation methods should be employed to ameliorate
undesirable changes? An ensemble of near-term climate projections are used to simulate maize,
millet and sorghum in West Africa in the recent historic period (1986–2005) and a
near-term future when global temperatures are 1.5 K above pre-industrial levels to
assess the change in yield, yield variability and crop failure rate. Four
crop models were used to simulate maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa in
the historic and future climates. Across the majority of West Africa the maize, millet and sorghum yields are
shown to fall. In the regions where yields increase, the variability also
increases. This increase in variability increases the likelihood of crop
failures, which are defined as yield negative anomalies beyond 1 standard
deviation during the historic period. The increasing variability increases
the frequency of crop failures across West Africa. The return time of crop
failures falls from 8.8, 9.7 and 10.1 years to 5.2, 6.3 and 5.8 years for
maize, millet and sorghum respectively. The adoption of heat-resistant cultivars and the use of captured rainwater
have been investigated using one crop model as an idealized sensitivity test.
The generalized doption of a cultivar resistant to high-temperature stress
during flowering is shown to be more beneficial than using rainwater
harvesting.
Combining satellite data and appropriate objective functions for improved spatial pattern performance of a distributed hydrologic model
Authors: Demirel Mehmet C. , Mai Juliane , Mendiguren Gorka , Koch Julian , Samaniego Luis , Stisen Simon 
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Satellite-based earth observations offer great opportunities to improve spatial model predictions by means of spatial-pattern-oriented model evaluations. In this study, observed spatial patterns of actual evapotranspiration (AET) are utilised for spatial model calibration tailored to target the pattern performance of the model. The proposed calibration framework combines temporally aggregated observed spatial patterns with a new spatial performance metric and a flexible spatial parameterisation scheme. The mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) is used to simulate streamflow and AET and has been selected due to its soil parameter distribution approach based on pedo-transfer functions and the build in multi-scale parameter regionalisation. In addition two new spatial parameter distribution options have been incorporated in the model in order to increase the flexibility of root fraction coefficient and potential evapotranspiration correction parameterisations, based on soil type and vegetation density. These parameterisations are utilised as they are most relevant for simulated AET patterns from the hydrologic model. Due to the fundamental challenges encountered when evaluating spatial pattern performance using standard metrics, we developed a simple but highly discriminative spatial metric, i.e. one comprised of three easily interpretable components measuring co-location, variation and distribution of the spatial data. The study shows that with flexible spatial model parameterisation used in combination with the appropriate objective functions, the simulated spatial patterns of actual evapotranspiration become substantially more similar to the satellite-based estimates. Overall 26 parameters are identified for calibration through a sequential screening approach based on a combination of streamflow and spatial pattern metrics. The robustness of the calibrations is tested using an ensemble of nine calibrations based on different seed numbers using the shuffled complex evolution optimiser. The calibration results reveal a limited trade-off between streamflow dynamics and spatial patterns illustrating the benefit of combining separate observation types and objective functions. At the same time, the simulated spatial patterns of AET significantly improved when an objective function based on observed AET patterns and a novel spatial performance metric compared to traditional streamflow-only calibration were included. Since the overall water balance is usually a crucial goal in hydrologic modelling, spatial-pattern-oriented optimisation should always be accompanied by traditional discharge measurements. In such a multi-objective framework, the current study promotes the use of a novel bias-insensitive spatial pattern metric, which exploits the key information contained in the observed patterns while allowing the water balance to be informed by discharge observations.