bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the debarking and cutting schedule of cork oak stands
Authors: Pasalodos-Tato María , Pukkala Timo , Cañellas Isabel , Sánchez-González Mariola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractKey messageOptimal management of cork oak forest stands was analyzed for different site indices and cork growth rates. Optimal debarking intervals varied during the rotation and were sometimes shorter or longer than the officially recommended range of 9–14 years.ContextQuercus suberL. is one of the most important multipurpose tree species in the Mediterranean area. Its main product is cork, appreciated for its elasticity, impermeability, and thermal insulation properties. Cork oaks are debarked at constant intervals, which vary from 9 to 14 years depending on the area. However, since the growth rate of cork is not constant during the rotation, it may be optimal to use variable debarking intervals.AimsThis study optimized the debarking and cutting schedules ofQuercus suberstands and analyzed the influence of economic and stand-related factors on optimal management.MethodsThe study employed a simulation system where the existing growth and yield models forQuercus suberwere used with a non-linear derivative-free optimization algorithm. Discount rates and cork prices were tested as economic factors and cork growth rate and site productivity as stand-related factors.ResultsThe optimal debarking interval varied during the rotation. Increasing cork growth rate increased the optimal number of debarkings and shortened their interval. Decreasing discount rate increased the optimal number of debarkings during rotation while decreasing cork price decreased the number of debarkings.ConclusionThe profitability of the management of cork oak stands depends on site fertility and stand density; management is not profitable on poor sites or at high discount rates. This study is the first that simultaneously optimizes the cutting and debarking schedule of cork oak stands, allowing the debarking interval to vary.
Variation of genes encoding KAT1, AADAT and IDO1 as a potential risk of depression development
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Czarny Piotr , Synowiec Ewelina , Bijak Michał , Talarowska Monika , Galecki Piotr , Szemraj Janusz , Sliwinski Tomasz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:Numerous data suggests that the disorders of tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs) pathway, including a decreased level of tryptophan or evaluated concentration of harmful TRYCATs −kynurenine, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxytryptophan − may cause the occurrence of DD symptoms. In this work, we assessed the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of KAT1, KAT2 and IDO1 gene encoding, and the risk of depression development. Our study was performed on the DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 281 depressed patients and 236 controls. We genotyped, by using TaqMan probes, four polymorphisms: c.*456G > A of KAT1 (rs10988134), c.975-7T > C of AADAT (rs1480544), c.-1849C > A (rs3824259) and c.-1493G > C(rs10089084)of IDO1. We found that only the A/A genotype of c.*456G > A − KAT1 (rs10988134) increased the risk of depression occurrence. Interestingly, when we stratified the study group according to gender, this relationship was present only in male population. However, a gene–gene analysis revealed a link between the T/T-C/C genotype of c.975-7T > C − AADAT (rs1480544)or c.-1493G > C − IDO1 (rs10089084) and C/C-C/A genotype of c.975-7T > C − AADAT (rs1480544)and c. −1849C > A − IDO1 (rs3824259) and the disease. Moreover, we found, that the c.975-7T > C − AADAT and c. *456G > A KAT1 (rs10988134) polymorphisms may modulate the effectiveness of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors therapy. Concluding, our results confirm the hypothesis formulated in our recently published article that the SNPs of genes involved in TRYCATs pathway may modulate the risk of depression. This provides some further evidence that the pathway plays the crucial role in development of the disease.
Evaluation of sheep sinonasal endoscopic anatomy as a model for rhinologic research
Authors: Macias‐Valle Luis , Finkelstein‐Kulka Andres , Manji Jamil , Okpaleke Christopher , Al‐Salihi Salahuddin , Javer Amin R. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesDespite many publications describing sheep models for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) procedures, accurate endoscopic anatomical studies are lacking. There are no publications correlating computed tomography (CT) and 3D models with endoscopic anatomical descriptions. This study evaluates and describes the endoscopic anatomy of a sheep model.MethodsTen live sheep (20‐sides) were included. Two cadaveric specimens, imaged using thin slice CT for 3D reconstruction correlation were also included. Using endoscopy, anatomical structures were measured and described. Measurement of the same structures was carried out using the 3D imaging model.ResultsThree sets of turbinates were identified at 2.3, 5.1 and 8.5 cm from the anterior nasal sill. Frontal recess and uncinate process were identified at 12.7 cm. The septum has a bony and cartilaginous component and measures 10.5 cm. The sphenopalatine foramen was measured at 12.1 cm. All anatomical measurements were correlated with the measurements on the CT scan 3D volume‐rendering model, thereby allowing for an accurate description of the sheep sinonasal anatomy.ConclusionThis study describes the endoscopic sinonasal anatomical measurements of the adult sheep. It is the first study to evaluate the sheep CT and endoscopic anatomy in order to determine its feasibility as an animal model for research in FESS.
Tools for Effective Regulation: Is “More” Always “Better”?
Authors: BLANC Florentin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRegulatory inspections and enforcement are seen by many as a key instrument to ensure the effectiveness of regulations – it is broadly assumed to be essential to have supervision and “deterrence” to promote compliance with rules, and thus achievement of regulatory outcomes. However, this presupposes that rules are indeed adequate for reaching outcomes, and that control is what drives compliance with rules. A different approach suggests that compliance is more complex and driven by a combination of factors (ethics, social conformity, procedural justice and legitimacy etc), that rules are imperfect, and that risk-focused, risk-proportionate “regulatory delivery” will achieve better results, more “effectiveness”. Considering a case study of occupational safety inspections and outcomes in Britain, France and Germany, we observe that higher numbers of inspections are not correlated with less fatal incidents, and that, on the contrary, the best outcomes are achieved in the country having the least inspection visits, the most risk-focused system, and the broadest approach to “regulatory delivery”, combining engagement with regulated industries, guidance, responsive and risk-proportionate enforcement, and risk-based, targeted inspections.
Fossil fuel subsidies as a lose-lose: Fiscal and environmental burdens in Turkey
Authors: Acar Sevil , Challe Sarah , Christopoulos Stamatios , Christo Giovanna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAttempts at common agreements to phase out fossil fuel subsidies (FFS) have been increasing, as the topic generated momentum through the Rio Dialogues prior to the 2012 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) and following the Paris Agreement in 2016. This study quantifies the magnitude and the relative importance of FFS in the Turkish economy and produces a relevant national FFS synthesis for policy design. FFS form a complex system of a self-contradictory nature that stands in stark contrast with the Turkish government’s statements regarding sustainable development. Based on available data from the 2000s, we find that Turkey provides state support for coal and the exploration of oil and natural gas that represents roughly 0.2 percent of its nominal GDP per year. Continuing to subsidize fossil fuels narrows down the fiscal options that could otherwise be used to support cleaner technologies and mitigation actions. Given the fact that fossil fuels have significantly negative implications for the environment and health, eliminating those subsidies has the potential to help combat environmental pollution, climate change, and related problems.
The Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP) revisited: The evolution of GAP over forty years
Authors: Bilgen Arda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Southeastern Anatolia Project (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi, GAP) is arguably the largest regional development project ever witnessed in Turkey. Begun in the 1970s, GAP initially aimed primarily at the construction of 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric power plants on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and of extensive irrigation networks to produce hydroelectric energy and water 1.8 million hectares of land in southeastern Turkey. Later, the scope of GAP broadened significantly as it became a more ambitious and comprehensive scheme of modernization and transformation. Following this expansion, the multidimensionality of GAP and its multifaceted implications became clearer at both the national and international level. The project grew more visible and influential not only in political and public discourses, but also in the GAP region itself. Despite these developments, however, the question of how the project’s characteristics, vocabulary, rationales, and mechanisms have changed since its inception remains underdiscussed. This article asks what GAP was in the past and what it has more recently become. It examines the gradual transformation of GAP over forty years by specifically taking into account the continuities and ruptures in development discourse, theory, and practice since the 1950s. In this way, the article aims to provide a new perspective regarding the stages through which the project has passed to reach its current form.
Hooked on Sol-Fa: the do-re-mi heuristic for Yorùbá speech tones
Authors: Carter-Ényì Aaron 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSarah Ann Glover (1785–1867) believed that singing was for the public good and Samuel Àjàyí Crowther (1809–91) thought that speech tones should be preserved in writing. Their stories illustrate that diversity in thought may encounter obstacles, but can ultimately shape human consciousness. While this shows a positive side of missionary work, bringing people and ideas together, the transmission of Glover's and Crowther's ideas was mediated by the overlapping political, social and cultural hegemonies of the colonial era. Crowther was celebrated in the English-speaking world as evidence that the civilizing agenda – and colonialism – was good for all involved, but his orthographic approach was credited to the missionary linguist Johann Gottlieb Christaller. Glover's innovations in music education have been misattributed to John Curwen and Zoltán Kodály. Drawing evidence from ethnographic work, field recordings, language surveys and literature from a variety of disciplines, this article asks the question: why is do-re-mi the preferred heuristic for Yorùbá speech tone? Glover's and Crowther's physical paths never crossed, but their ideas did, converging in a remarkable inter-continental and trans-disciplinary synthesis. The do-re-mi heuristic resists the pitch-height paradigm used in formal linguistics (low-mid-high). In a culture where drums can speak, it is unsurprising that a musical model filled a void in the (European) concept of what a language could be.
Embedded Revisionism: Networks, Institutions, and Challenges to World Order
Authors: Goddard Stacie E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHow do institutions shape revisionist behavior in world politics? Applying a network-relational approach to revisionist states and challenges to institutional order, I conceive of institutions as networks—as patterns of ongoing social transactions in which revisionists are embedded. Revisionist behavior is shaped by how a state is positioned within this existing network of institutions. A state's position significantly influences the material and cultural resources the state can deploy in pursuit of its aims, and thus the revisionist's strategy. Focusing on two measures of network position—access and brokerage—I propose four ideal types of revisionists and their strategies in the international system: integrated revisionists, who are likely to pursue institutional engagement; bridging revisionists, who will seek rule-based revolution; isolated revisionists, who prefer to exit the institutional system; and rogue revisionists, who have few resources at hand, and thus ultimately must resort to hegemonic violence. I test these ideal types in four cases of revisionists and institutional orders: Russia in the 1820s; Prussia in the 1860s; the Soviet Union in the early Cold War; and Japan in the 1920s and 1930s.
Telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions targeting key health priorities in adults with a psychotic disorder: systematic review
Authors: Baker Amanda L. , Turner Alyna , Beck Alison , Berry Katherine , Haddock Gillian , Kelly Peter J. , Bucci Sandra 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mental and physical health of individuals with a psychotic illness are typically poor. Access to psychosocial interventions is important but currently limited. Telephone-delivered interventions may assist. In the current systematic review, we aim to summarise and critically analyse evidence for telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions targeting key health priorities in adults with a psychotic disorder, including (i) relapse, (ii) adherence to psychiatric medication and/or (iii) modifiable cardiovascular disease risk behaviours.MethodsTen peer-reviewed and four grey literature databases were searched for English-language studies examining psychosocial telephone-delivered interventions targeting relapse, medication adherence and/or health behaviours in adults with a psychotic disorder. Study heterogeneity precluded meta-analyses.ResultsTwenty trials [13 randomised controlled trials (RCTs)] were included, involving 2473 participants (relapse prevention = 867; medication adherence = 1273; and health behaviour = 333). Five of eight RCTs targeting relapse prevention and one of three targeting medication adherence reported at least 50% of outcomes in favour of the telephone-delivered intervention. The two health-behaviour RCTs found comparable levels of improvement across treatment conditions.ConclusionsAlthough most interventions combined telephone and face-to-face delivery, there was evidence to support the benefit of entirely telephone-delivered interventions. Telephone interventions represent a potentially feasible and effective option for improving key health priorities among people with psychotic disorders. Further methodologically rigorous evaluations are warranted.
Robotic tails: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Saab Wael , Rone William S. , Ben-Tzvi Pinhas 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYThis paper reviews the state-of-the-art in robotic tails intended for inertial adjustment applications on-board mobile robots. Inspired by biological tails observed in nature, robotic tails provide a separate means to enhance stabilization, and maneuverability from the mobile robot's main form of locomotion, such as legs or wheels. Research over the past decade has primarily focused on implementing single-body rigid pendulum-like tail mechanisms to demonstrate inertial adjustment capabilities on-board walking, jumping and wheeled mobile robots. Recently, there have been increased efforts aimed at leveraging the benefits of both articulated and continuum tail mechanism designs to enhance inertial adjustment capabilities and further emulate the structure and functionalities of tail usage found in nature. This paper discusses relevant research in design, modeling, analysis and implementation of robotic tails onto mobile robots, and highlight how this work is being used to build robotic systems with enhanced performance capabilities. The goal of this article is to outline progress and identify key challenges that lay ahead.
Three levels of simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds ofIlex(Aquifoliaceae) species from Argentina
Authors: Galíndez Guadalupe , Ceccato Diana , Bubillo Rosana , Lindow-López Lucía , Malagrina Gisela , Ortega-Baes Pablo , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a contribution to understanding the world biogeography of seed dormancy in the cosmopolitan genusIlex, we studied seeds ofI.argentina,I. brasiliensis,I. brevicuspis,I. dumosa,I. paraguariensisandI. theezansfrom the subtropical region of Argentina. We hypothesized that seeds of these species have non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). Effects of temperature, cold stratification and gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and embryo growth were tested. Regardless of incubation temperature, little or no germination occurred for any species until ≥6 weeks. There was an up to 3-fold increase in embryo length to seed length (E:S) ratio before seeds germinated, and embryos grew only during warm-stratifying conditions. Seeds ofI. brasiliensis,I. brevicuspisandI. theezanshad non-deep simple MPD and germinated to ≥80% after 12, 24 and 16 weeks, respectively. Cold stratification increased germination ofI. brasiliensisandI. brevicuspis, and GA3increased the rate but not final germination percentage ofI. brasiliensisandI. theezans. Fresh seeds ofI. dumosarequired 40 weeks of warm stratification to germinate to 53%, while those after-ripened for 2 months germinated to 81% after 30 weeks; this species has intermediate simple MPD. Seeds ofI. argentinaandI. paraguariensisgerminated to 15 and 21%, respectively, after 40 weeks of warm stratification and did not after-ripen or respond to GA3; these seeds have deep simple MPD. This is the first report of intermediate and deep simple MPD that is broken by warm stratification, thereby increasing our knowledge of seed dormancy inIlexand in subtropical regions.
Seismicity, Metamorphism, and Fluid Evolution Across the Northern Cascadia Fore Arc
Authors: Savard Geneviève , Bostock Michael G. , Christensen Nikolas I. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe invert traveltime data from regular seismicity and low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) on southern Vancouver Island to map fore‐arc structure and seismogenesis. Tomographic images reveal high Poisson's ratios associated with a previously mapped, dipping low‐velocity zone inferred to be overpressured, upper oceanic crust of the Juan de Fuca plate, where LFEs and other slow‐slip phenomena occur. Low Poisson's ratios (∼0.225) in the fore‐arc continental crust above the mantle wedge are accompanied by high Vp (∼6.65 km/s) and high levels of clustered microseismicity. This crustal anomaly is positioned above the slab, where focused expulsion of fluids is inferred based on independent evidence, suggesting an association between composition, fluids, and seismogenesis. We propose that the anomalous crust harbors a high percentage (≤15%) of quartz, characterized by extremely low Poisson's ratio of 0.1. Earlier studies have proposed that excess quartz in the crust is precipitated from fluids fluxed from the subducting slab. In contrast, we posit that quartz is produced and concentrated in situ by metasomatism in the fore‐arc crust catalyzed through focused ingress of slab‐derived fluids at high‐pore pressure. These fluids enable microseismic activation of high‐angle thrust faults through a fault‐valve mechanism that concentrates quartz via pore‐pressure cycling. Larger M ≥ 6 events like those recently proposed to occur along the Leech River Fault may nucleate deep in the brittle‐ductile transition as a result of these reactions. The fore‐arc crust in warm subduction settings may thus suffer extreme exposure to prolonged fluid flow, an inference with relevance to the genesis of orogenic gold deposits.
Necking of the Lithosphere: A Reappraisal of Basic Concepts With Thermo‐Mechanical Numerical Modeling
Authors: Chenin Pauline , Schmalholz Stefan M. , Manatschal Gianreto , Karner Garry D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe investigate lithosphere necking using two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical numerical simulations without strain softening or weakening mechanisms. The models have an initial small sinusoidal perturbation of the Moho depth, whose wavelength corresponds to the model width. Applied boundary conditions (constant extension velocity or bulk extension rate) and initial model width significantly impact the necking dynamics. For constant bulk extension rates, wider models generate more intense necking with locally higher strain rates, whereas for constant velocity extension, models evolution is similar independent on their initial width. However, the width of the final necking zones ranges consistently between 45 and 105 km, independent on the type of applied boundary conditions and the initial Moho wavelength. The modeled widths are similar to along dip necking zones widths of natural rifted margins that formed during a single, unidirectional, and relatively continuous extensional event (e.g., Iberia‐Newfoundland margins, Porcupine Basin, Gulf of Aden). When the crust is mechanically decoupled from the mantle by a weak ductile lower crust, models exhibit three characteristic stages: (1) distributed thinning and extension associated with progressive subsidence; (2) upper mantle necking compensated by flow of the weak lower crust, which hampers both crustal thinning and subsidence at the rift center; and (3) crustal necking associated with fast subsidence after the mantle has necked. Decoupled models display regions of relatively thick crust on one or both sides of the rift center, comparable to the Galicia, Rockall, Hatton, and Porcupine Banks along the North Atlantic rifted margins.
Detailed Analysis of Near Tectonic Features Along the East Pacific Rise at 16°N, Near the Mathematician Hot Spot
Authors: Le Saout M. , Thibaud R. , Gente P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpreading processes at the axes of fast spreading ridges are mainly controlled by magmatic activity, whereas tectonic activity dominates further away from the axis. High‐resolution near‐bottom bathymetry data, photographs, videos, and human observations from submersible surveys are used to develop a detailed tectonic analysis of the 16°N segment of the East Pacific Rise (EPR). These data are used to evaluate how a highly magmatic segment, close to a hot spot, affects the nucleation and evolution of faulting patterns and impacts the evaluation of tectonic strain within 2 km of the spreading axis. Our study shows that (1) the growth of tectonic features differs in response to dike intrusion and tectonic extension, (2) the initiation of brittle extension is strongly controlled by the location of the axial magma lens and the development of layer 2A, and (3) the high magmatic budget and the off‐axis magma lens in the west part of the plateau do not significantly impact the initiation of brittle extension along the central portion of the 16°N segment. Within the axial summit region, more than 2% of plate separation at 16°N on the EPR is accommodated by brittle extension, as is observed at other EPR segments. The interaction of the Mathematician hot spot with this EPR segment has no significant influence on the initiation of the tectonic deformation, but it does reduce the development of the brittle deformation.