bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic Gait Analysis of the Trot in Healthy Mixed Breed Dogs
Authors: DeCamp C. E. , Braden T. D. , Balms Michelle , Allen K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryComputer aided kinematic and synchronized force plate gait analysis were used to characterize joint movement in 14 large mixed breed dogs at a trot. A curvilinear relationship of joint angle to time was described, for three forelimb and three hindlimb joints. Two peaks of maximum extension, one preceding the onset and at the end of stance phase were observed for the femorotibial, tarsus and cubital joints. The carpus, scapulohumeral and coxofemoral joint exhibited one peak of maximum extension. The variance in joint angle measurement was calculated for repeated trials for a given dog and for differences between dogs using a 2-factor repeated measures ANOVA. The mean variance for all joints except the carpal joint for trial repetition was 12.6 (degrees)2 (range, 2.6-23.9) and for differences between dogs 6.2 (degrees)2 (range, 1.0-11.3). The carpal joint exhibited greater variation with a mean variance, attributable to trial repetition, of 42.5 (degrees)2 (range, 39.4-44.3) and a variance between dogs of 52.4 (degrees)2 (range, 18.5-89.4).The results obtained would suggest that computer assisted kinematics is an accurate means of assessing joint angle movement in large mixed breed dogs with a low level of variance attributable to trial repetition and to differences between dogs, with the exception of the carpal joint. The sample of mixed breed dogs in this study is similar to dogs that would be seen in a clinical sample population. Our results suggest that computer assisted kinematics could be an important tool in providing objective information on gait, in clinical and research studies, using mixed breed dogs.This study describes the trot in 14 large mixed breed dogs using computer aided kinematic and force plate gait analysis techniques. Variances in fore and hindlimb joint angle measurements were deter-mined, for a given dog, by repeated trials and for differences between dogs. The measured variances were low in all joints except the corpus, despite diverse dog conformation in the study.
Physeal Fractures of the Metacarpus and Metatarsus in Cattle
Authors: Iselin U. , Auer J. A. , Lischer C. J. , Steiner A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study describes the history, signalment, fracture configuration (classified according to Salter and Harris = SH), methods of treatment and outcome of 16 cattle suffering from a physeal fracture of the metacarpus or metatarsus. For the purpose of describing the accuracy of fracture reduction and progress of healing, as defined by radiographs, a grading system was developed and is described.Thirteen animals (five SH I and eight SH II) were treated by means of a full-limb cast, one by a modified walking-cast (SH III) and two by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) (one open SH II and one SH III). Long-term follow-up evaluation revealed limb angulation, or shortening of the affected bone in seven animals (44%). Two or more signs of a fracture disease were found in 11 out of 13 cases (85%) treated by means of a full-limb cast. The long-term result of the SH III fracture treated by means of a modified walking-cast was satisfactory. A significant negative correlation was found between the body weight of the animals and the time that elapsed from trauma to treatment respectively, and the long-term result. However, correlation was not found between the quality of fracture reduction and the long-term result.Sixteen physeal fractures of the metacarpus and metatarsus in cattle were evaluated retrospectively using a new radiographic scoring system. A significant negative correlation was found between the body weight of the animals and the time that elapsed from trauma to treatment respectively, and the longterm result. A correlation was not found between the quality of the fracture reduction and the long-term result.
Screw Torque and Interfragmentary Compression in Equine Cadaver Longbone Fractures
Authors: Field J. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine what contribution individual surgeon, location and bone type made to the optimal applied screw torque (Mopt) for interfragmentary compression of equine cadaver long-bone fractures. Four surgeons were required to insert 4.5 mm fully-threaded cortical bone screws at several locations in both third metacarpal and third metatarsal bones.Consideration of individual differences was significant (P <0.05) as was location (P <0.05). There did not appear to be a contribution to variability through bone type.Torque was also measured at point-of-failure (Mmax) showing no relationship to individual or location.This study examines the effect of different individuals, location and bone type on the perceived optimal torque for interfragmentary compression of equine longbone fractures. It was found that individuals and location significantly effected the perceived optimal applied torque. This suggest that, for mature equine longbone fractures, the use of torque limiting devices may be a consideration to optimize interfragmental compression.
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Bone Derived Growth Factors
Authors: Forell Elaine , Straw R. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRecent studies suggest that local control of bone homeostatic and reparative mechanisms is most likely attributable to the interrelated function of a number of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and bone derived growth factors. While osteogenesis is believed to be initiated by BMP, bone growth factors are thought to play a role in the promotion and maintenance of the newly induced bone and in the regulation of normal bone remodeling and repair. An overview of the current literature pertaining to BMP and the various bone derived growth factors is presented.While osteogenesis is believed to be initiated by bone morphogenetic proteins, bone growth factors are thought to play a role in the maintenance of the newly induced bone and in the regulation of normal bone remodeling and repair. Current research suggests that, in the future, these substances may be used as systemic or locally administered adjuvant therapy in order to accelerate bone regeneration and fracture healing.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Associated with Cardiomyopathy in Three Cats
Authors: Janssens G. O. , Janssens D. L. , Janssens L. A. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryOver a period of 14 years, three cats with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture were seen in our practice. In all, the rupture had occurred without a history of previous trauma. All were treated surgically. All died within a period of 14 days. The reason of death was in all cases cardiomyopathy. We now suggest that cats with rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament undergo an electrocardiographic recording and eventually an thoracic radiography before surgery is considered. We also suggest that cats with ACL rupture should preferably be treated conservatively.
The Use of High-Speed Videography to Generate Angle-Time and Angle-Angle Diagrams for the Study of Equine Locomotion
Authors: Martinez-del Campo L. J. , Greer Nancy , Trent Ava , Stoner Lela June , Wickstrom L. , Loch Deborah , Kobluk C. N. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Introduction
High-speed videography was used to generate angle-time and angle-angle diagrams to provide the basis for a better subjective and objective understanding of the locomotor function of the horse. Intra- and interlimb coordination patterns were analyzed in a group of ten clinically sound racing Thoroughbreds. For lateral video recording, reflective markers were glued over the axis of rotation of the fore- and hindlimb joints of the ten horses. All horses were filmed simultaneously from both sides (right and left). Means and standard deviations were calculated for the minimum, the maximum and the range of motion values for the angle excursions of each joint. Angle-time and angle-angle diagrams were highly repeatable over the eight to nine strides videotaped for each horse and showed a very characteristic shape with minor variations between individual horses. When comparing right versus left sides, horses exhibited varying levels of significant asymmetry.
Falsch-negatives SkelettSzintigramm bei einer biparietalen Schädelfraktur beim »Battered Child«-Syndrom
Authors: Kentrup H. , Alzen G. , Skopnik H. , Büll U. , Kleinhans E. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird über ein kleines Mädchen berichtet, das nach einem Schädeltrauma radiologisch zwei Frakturen der Schädelkalotte aufwies, bei dem aber eine acht Tage später durchgeführte Skelett-Szintigraphie mit 99mTc-DPD unauffällig war. Die möglichen Gründe für diese Diskordanz werden diskutiert.
Psychische Erkrankungen in Deutschland
Authors: Friede M. , Hegerl U. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungZiel dieses Positionspapiers ist es, deutlich zu machen, welche Optimierungschancen bezüglich der Versorgung psychisch Erkrankter in einer konsequenteren Nutzung vorhandener Behandlungsoptionen und einer Verbesserung der Behandlungsoptionen durch Intensivierung der Forschung liegen. Zunächst wird auf die Bedeutung, Anzahl und Heterogenität der unter dem Oberbegriff “Psychische Erkrankungen” zusammengefassten Einzelkrankheiten eingegangen. Für einige dieser Erkrankungen und für die häufigen und schweren affektiven Erkrankungen stehen gute pharmako- und psychotherapeutische Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, mit Effektstärken, die Behandlungen in anderen Bereichen der Medizin zumindest gleichwertig sind. Da diese Behandlungsmöglichkeiten nur bei einer Minderheit konsequent genutzt werden, liegen große Optimierungsspielräume in der Gewährleistung einer leitlinienkonformen Behandlung. Dringend nötig sind Forschungsanstrengungen zum Verständnis und gezielteren und wirksameren Therapie und Prävention psychischer Erkrankungen. Gegengesteuert werden muss deshalb der in der Pharmakotherapie alarmierenden Entwicklung, dass sich innerhalb weniger Jahre Vertreter der forschenden Arzneimittelindustrie wegen der im Vergleich zu anderen medizinischen Feldern ungünstigen Gewinnaussichten aus der Entwicklung neuer Psychopharmaka zurückgezogen haben. Da hierdurch Forschungskompetenz verloren geht und von der Identifizierung eines neuen Moleküls bis zu Markteinführung Jahrzehnte vergehen, entsteht ein langfristiger Forschungshiatus, der Patienten mit psychischen Erkrankungen von zu erwartenden, segensreichen Fortschritten in der Pharmakotherapie ausschließt.
Molekulare Bildgebung in der Diagnostik von Demenzen
Authors: Kurth J. , Kilimann I. , Krause B. J. , Teipel S. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDurch die Entwicklung molekularer Marker der zerebralen Amyloidablagerung in vivo hat die Positronenemissionstomografie (PET) eine zentrale Rolle für die Definition präklinischer und prädemenzieller Stadien der Alzheimer Krankheit erlangt. Darüber hinaus haben länger etablierte nuklearmedizinische Marker eine wichtige Funktion bei der Differenzial- und Frühdiagnose demenzieller Erkrankungen. Untersuchungen mit FDG-PET zeigen typische Muster eines kortikalen Hypo metabolismus, der die Ausprägung kognitiver Defizite in klinischen Verlauf prädiziert und eine hohe diagnostische Trennschärfe zwischen Frühstadien einer Alzheimer Krankheit und einer Erkrankung aus dem Formenkreis der frontotemporalen Lobärdegenerationen aufweist. Dopamin-PET, Dopamintransporter-SPECT und Dopaminrezeptor-Tracer für PET und SPET sind frühe Indikatoren einer extrapyramidalmotorischen Beteiligung beim Parkinson-Syndrom. Der Beitrag erläutert die technischen Grundlagen der Verfahren und wesentliche klinische Befunde sowie diagnostische Anwendungen aus monozentrischen und multizentrischen Studien für die Früh und Prädemenzdiagnostik. Besonderes Gewicht legen wir auf die klinische Frage, die ein molekularer Marker beantworten kann, und die methodischen und heuristischen Grenzen der Verfahren, die insbesondere gegen einen unkritischen Einsatz der demnächst klinisch verfügbaren Amyloid-PET-Tracer für das Screenen asymptomatischer Personen außerhalb klinischer Studien sprechen.
Der Depression die Stirn bieten – mit Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Wollmer M. A. , Krüger T. H. C. , Kollewe K. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Nach Behandlung der Glabellafalte mit Botulinumtoxin A (BoNT) in einer offenen Fallserie ist es bei Patientinnen, die an einer Depression litten, zu einer Besserung oder Remission der Depression gekommen. Mit der hier vorgestellten randomisierten, kontrollierten Studie soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob eine adjuvante BoNTBehandlung der Glabellafalte einen positiven Effekt auf die Depression zeigt.Methodik: Es wurden je 15 Patienten in die Verum(BoNT) oder in die Placebogruppe randomisiert. Primärer Endpunkt war die Veränderung auf der 17-Item-Version der Hamilton-Depressionsskala (Ham-D17) sechs Wochen nach der BoNT-Injektion, zudem wurde der Beck-Depressionsinventar (BDI) und die Clinical Global Impression (CGI) erhoben.Ergebnisse: Über die 16-wöchige Beobachtungszeit kam es in der Verumgruppe zu einer signifikanten Besserung der Symptome der Depression (Ham-D17, F = 5,76, p < 0,001, η2= 0,17). Sechs Wochen nach einer einmaligen Behandlung waren die Ham-D17-Werte bei den mit BoNT behandelten Studienteilnehmern im Schnitt um 47,1% und bei denen in der Placebogruppe um durchschnittlich 9,2% gesunken (F = 12,30, p = 0,002, η2 = 0,31, d = 1,28). Die klinische Verbesserung spiegelte sich in gleicher Weise im BDI und in der CGI wider.Schlussfolgerung: Diese Studie zeigt, dass eine einmalige Behandlung der Glabellaregion mit BoNT als adjuvante Therapie bei Patienten mit Depression zu einer rasch einsetzenden, ausgeprägten und lang anhaltenden Besserung der Depression führen kann. Sie unterstützt die Facial-Feedback-Theorie, gemäß der die Mimik nicht nur Stimmung ausdrücken, sondern auch regulieren kann.
Forms that Inform
Authors: Poljak A. , Powsner S. , O’Connell R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Sound medical decisions are easier for clinicians who have essential patient data in the right place at the right time. Our goal was to develop a usable form to guide clinical decisions and then test it using actual cases.

Methods:
The authors designed a form to represent data from patients with chest pain; it was revised several times. We incorporated opinions from clinician-users as well as evidence from the literature to improve usability. To test the design, we filled out forms with actual patient data derived from Emergency Department charts of patients who presented with chest pain. We then validated the design by having house officer reviewers make the decision to admit, observe in the ER for one day, or discharge subjects based entirely on a one-page form.

Results:
Thirty-three house officers reviewed our initial design and made suggestions. Our literature search yielded a number of factors discriminating ischemic from non-ischemic chest pain. Sixteen factors were included on a finalized form in the rank order assigned by reviewing physicians. Over 4 days, data from 29 subjects were used to fill out copies of the form. Based purely on the completed forms, house officers made decisions to admit, discharge, or observe all 29 subjects in less than 30 minutes.

Conclusions:
Forms have traditionally been employed to record and organize data. Here we show how principles of usability engineering can be used to create a form to meet the needs of users and even encourage evidence-based practice.
Comparison of Closed-loop and Open-loop Models in the Assessment of Cardiopulmonary and Baroreflex Gains
Authors: Takalo R. , Saul J. P. , Korhonen I. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
Both open- and closed-loop models of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control have been suggested. We tested whether the modelling yields different results with real data while assessing cardiopulmonary and baroreflex gains.

Methods:
Two autoregressive models are described to resolve causal relationships between systolic blood pressure (SBP), RR-interval (RRI) and instantaneous lung volume (ILV): a closed-loop model which takes into account both the RRI changes induced by changes in SBP and the SBP changes mediated by changes in RRI, and an open-loop model which does not have a link from RRI to SBP. The performance of the models was compared in 14 healthy men in supine and standing positions under control conditions and under conditions of β-sympathetic and parasympathetic pharmacological blockades. Transfer function gains were computed from ILV to RRI (cardiopulmonary gain) and from SBP to RRI (baroreflex gain). The measurements were done under controlled random-interval breathing.

Results:
The gains identified by the open-loop model tended to be higher than those from the closed-loop model, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Importantly, the two models discriminated the changes in transfer gains between different interventions equally well.

Conclusions:
Because the interactions between SBP and RRI occur physiologically in a closed-loop condition, the closed-loop model provides a theoretical advantage over the open-loop model. However, in practise, it seems to be little reason to select one over the other due to methodological errors when estimating cardiopulmonary or baroreflex transfer gains.
Resolving Clinicians’ Queries Across a Grid’s Infrastructure
Authors: Estrella F. , del Frate C. , Hauer T. , Odeh M. , Rogulin D. , Amendolia S. R. , Schottlander D. , Solomonides T. , Warren R. , McClatchey R. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The past decade has witnessed order of magnitude increases in computing power, data storage capacity and network speed, giving birth to applications which may handle large data volumes of increased complexity, distributed over the internet.

Methods:
Medical image analysis is one of the areas for which this unique opportunity likely brings revolutionary advances both for the scientist’s research study and the clinician’s everyday work. Grids [1] computing promises to resolve many of the difficulties in facilitating medical image analysis to allow radiologists to collaborate without having to co-locate.

Results:
The EU-funded MammoGrid project [2] aims to investigate the feasibility of developing a Grid-enabled European database of mammograms and provide an information infrastructure which federates multiple mammogram databases. This will enable clinicians to develop new common, collaborative and co-operative approaches to the analysis of mammographic data.

Conclusion:
This paper focuses on one of the key requirements for large-scale distributed mammogram analysis: resolving queries across a grid-connected federation of images.
Partitioning Medical Image Databases for Content-based Queries on a Grid
Authors: Breton V. , Magnin I. E. , Montagnat J. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
In this paper we study the impact of executing a medical image database query application on the grid. For lowering the total computation time, the image database is partitioned into subsets to be processed on different grid nodes.

Methods:
A theoretical model of the application complexity and estimates of the grid execution overhead are used to efficiently partition the database.

Results:
We show results demonstrating that smart partitioning of the database can lead to significant improvements in terms of total computation time.

Conclusions:
Grids are promising for content-based image retrieval in medical databases.
GEMSS: Grid-infrastructure for Medical Service Provision
Authors: Berti G. , Engelbrecht G. , Fingberg J. , Kohring G. , Middleton S. E. , Schmidt R. , Benkner S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
The European GEMSS Project is concerned with the creation of medical Grid service prototypes and their evaluation in a secure service-oriented infrastructure for distributed on demand/supercomputing. Key aspects of the GEMSS Grid middleware include negotiable QoS support for time-critical service provision, flexible support for business models, and security at all levels in order to ensure privacy of patient data as well as compliance to EU law.

Methods:
The GEMSS Grid infrastructure is based on a service-oriented architecture and is being built on top of existing standard Grid and Web technologies. The GEMSS infrastructure offers a generic Grid service provision framework that hides the complexity of transforming existing applications into Grid services. For the development of client-side applications or portals, a pluggable component framework has been developed, providing developers with full control over business processes, service discovery, QoS negotiation, and workflow, while keeping their underlying implementation hidden from view.

Results:
A first version of the GEMSS Grid infrastructure is operational and has been used for the set-up of a Grid test-bed deploying six medical Grid service prototypes including maxillofacial surgery simulation, neuro-surgery support, radio-surgery planning, inhaled drug-delivery simulation, cardiovascular simulation and advanced image reconstruction.

Conclusions:
The GEMSS Grid infrastructure is based on standard Web Services technology with an anticipated future transition path towards the OGSA standard proposed by the Global Grid Forum. GEMSS demonstrates that the Grid can be used to provide medical practitioners and researchers with access to advanced simulation and image processing services for improved preoperative planning and near real-time surgical support.
Security Architecture for Health Grid Using Ambient Intelligence
Authors: Riguidel M. , Demeure I. , Naqvi S. 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Objectives:
To propose a novel approach of incorporating ambient intelligence in the health grid security architecture.

Methods:
Security concerns are severely impeding the grid community effort in spreading its wings in health applications. In this paper, we have proposed a high level approach to incorporate ambient intelligence for health grid security architecture and have argued that this will significantly improve the current state of the grid security paradigm with an enhanced user-friendly environment. We believe that the time is right to shift the onus of traditional security mechanisms onto the new technologies. The incorporation of ambient intelligence in the security architecture of a grid will not only render a security paradigm robust but also provide an attractive vision for the future of computing by bringing the two worlds together.

Results:
In this article we propose an evolutionary approach of utilizing smart devices for grid security architecture. We argue that such an infrastructure will impart unique features to the existing grid security paradigms by offering fortified and relentless monitoring. This new security architecture will be comprehensive in nature but will not be cumbersome for the users due to its typical characteristics of not prying into their lives and adapting to their needs.

Conclusions:
We have identified a new paradigm of the security architecture for a health grid that will not only render a security mechanism robust but will also provide the high levels of user-friendliness. As our approach is a first contribution to this problem, a number of other issues for future research remain open. However, the prospects are fascinating.