bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pimping: a tradition of gendered disempowerment
Authors: Chen David R. , Priest Kelsey C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of pimping as a method of teaching is widespread in the clinical phase of medical education. In this paper we consider pimping’s colloquial meanings and discuss how it was introduced into the language of medical education. We posit that such language reflects persistent gendered hierarchies in medicine, and we evaluate pimping’s pedagogical value. Finally, we call for an end to the term and the practice, and for a renewed emphasis on pedagogy in medical education.
DNA recovery from archived RDTs for genetic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum in a routine setting in Lambaréné, Gabon
Authors: Nguyen The Trong , Nzigou Mombo Brice , Lalremruata Albert , Koehne Erik , Zoleko Manego Rella , Dimessa Mbadinga Lia Betty , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Agnandji Selidji Todagbe , Lell Bertrand , Kremsner Peter Gottfried , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P , Ramharter Michael , Mordmüller Benjamin , Mombo-Ngoma Ghyslain 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been described as a source of genetic material to analyse malaria parasites in proof-of-concept studies. The increasing use of RDTs (e.g., in focal or mass screening and treatment campaigns) makes this approach particularly attractive for large-scale investigations of parasite populations. In this study, the complexity of Plasmodium falciparum infections, parasite load and chloroquine resistance transporter gene mutations were investigated in DNA samples extracted from positive RDTs, obtained in a routine setting and archived at ambient temperature.

Methods
A total of 669 archived RDTs collected from malaria cases in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of central Gabon were used for P. falciparum DNA extraction. Performance of RDTs as a source of DNA for PCR was determined using: (i) amplification of a single copy merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) gene followed by highly sensitive and automated capillary electrophoresis; (ii) genotyping of the pfcrt gene locus 72–76 using haplotype-specific-probe-based real-time PCR to characterize chloroquine resistance; and, (iii) real-time PCR targeting 18S genes to detect and quantify Plasmodium parasites.

Results
Out of the 669 archived RDTs, amplification of P. falciparum nucleic materials had a success rate of 97% for 18S real-time PCR, and 88% for the msp1 gene. The multiplicity of infections (MOI) of the whole population was 2.6 (95% CI 2.5–2.8). The highest number of alleles detected in one infection was 11. The MOI decreased with increasing age (β = − 0.0046, p = 0.02) and residence in Lambaréné was associated with smaller MOIs (p < 0.001). The overall prevalence of mutations associated with chloroquine resistance was 78.5% and was not associated with age. In Lambaréné, prevalence of chloroquine resistance was lower compared to rural Moyen-Ogooué (β = − 0.809, p-value = 0.011).

Conclusion
RDT is a reliable source of DNA for P. falciparum detection and genotyping assays. Furthermore, the increasing use of RDTs allows them to be an alternative source of DNA for large-scale genetic epidemiological studies. Parasite populations in the study area are highly diverse and prevalence of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum remains high, especially in rural areas.
Heparinized silk fibroin hydrogels loading FGF1 promote the wound healing in rats with full-thickness skin excision
Authors: He Sirong , Shi Dan , Han Zhigang , Dong Zhaoming , Xie Yajun , Zhang Fengmei , Zeng WenXin , Yi Qiying 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Silk fibroin hydrogel, derived from Bombyx mori cocoons, has been shown to have potential effects on wound healing due to its excellent biocompatibility and less immunogenic and biodegradable properties. Many studies suggest silk fibroin as a promising material of wound dressing and it can support the adhesion and proliferation of a variety of human cells in vitro. However, lack of translational evidence has hampered its clinical applications for skin repair. Herein, a heparin-immobilized fibroin hydrogel was fabricated to deliver FGF1 (human acidic fibroblast growth factor 1) on top of wound in rats with full-thickness skin excision by performing comprehensive preclinical studies to fully evaluate its safety and effectiveness. The wound-healing efficiency of developed fibroin hydrogels was evaluated in full-thickness wound model of rats, compared with the chitosan used clinically.

Results
The water absorption, swelling ratio, accumulative FGF1 releasing rate and biodegradation ratio of fabricated hydrogels were measured. The regenerated fibroin hydrogels with good water uptake properties rapidly swelled to a 17.3-fold maximum swelling behavior over 12 h and a total amount of 40.48 ± 1.28% hydrogels was lost within 15 days. Furthermore, accumulative releasing data suggested that heparinized hydrogels possessed effective release behavior of FGF1. Then full-thickness skin excision was created in rats and left untreated or covered with heparinized fibroin hydrogels-immobilized recombinant human FGF1. The histological evaluation using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining was performed to observe the dermic formation and collagen deposition on the wound-healing site. To evaluate the wound-healing mechanisms induced by fibroin hydrogel treatment, wound-healing scratch and cell proliferation assay were performed. it was found that both fibroin hydrogels and FGF1 can facilitate the migration of fibroblast L929 cells proliferation and migration.

Conclusion
This study provides systematic preclinical evidence that the silk fibroin promotes wound healing as a wound-healing dressing, thereby establishing a foundation toward its further application for new treatment options of wound repair and regeneration.
Sylvatic cycles of arboviruses in non-human primates
Authors: Valentine Matthew John , Murdock Courtney Cuin , Kelly Patrick John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arboviruses infecting people primarily exist in urban transmission cycles involving urban mosquitoes in densely populated tropical regions. For dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses, sylvatic (forest) transmission cycles also exist in some regions and involve non-human primates and forest-dwelling mosquitoes. Here we review the investigation methods and available data on sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates and dengue, chikungunya, Zika and yellow fever viruses in Africa, dengue viruses in Asia and yellow fever virus in the Americas. We also present current putative data that Mayaro, o’nyong’nyong, Oropouche, Spondweni and Lumbo viruses exist in sylvatic cycles.
A comparative assessment of adult mosquito trapping methods to estimate spatial patterns of abundance and community composition in southern Africa
Authors: Gorsich Erin E. , Beechler Brianna R. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Govender Danny , Guarido Milehna M. , Venter Marietjie , Schrama Maarten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Assessing adult mosquito populations is an important component of disease surveillance programs and ecosystem health assessments. Inference from adult trapping datasets involves comparing populations across space and time, but comparisons based on different trapping methods may be biased if traps have different efficiencies or sample different subsets of the mosquito community.

Methods
We compared four widely-used trapping methods for adult mosquito data collection in Kruger National Park (KNP), South Africa: Centers for Disease Control miniature light trap (CDC), Biogents Sentinel trap (BG), Biogents gravid Aedes trap (GAT) and a net trap. We quantified how trap choice and sampling effort influence inferences on the regional distribution of mosquito abundance, richness and community composition.

Results
The CDC and net traps together collected 96% (47% and 49% individually) of the 955 female mosquitoes sampled and 100% (85% and 78% individually) of the 40 species or species complexes identified. The CDC and net trap also identified similar regional patterns of community composition. However, inference on the regional patterns of abundance differed between these traps because mosquito abundance in the net trap was influenced by variation in weather conditions. The BG and GAT traps collected significantly fewer mosquitoes, limiting regional comparisons of abundance and community composition.

Conclusions
This study represents the first systematic assessment of trapping methods in natural savanna ecosystems in southern Africa. We recommend the CDC trap or the net trap for future monitoring and surveillance programs.
Whatever happened to China’s neglected tropical diseases?
Authors: Hotez Peter J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Before the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, both extreme poverty and parasitic infections and other neglected tropical diseases were highly prevalent. Owing to social development, particularly economic reforms since the 1980s, poverty has since been dramatically reduced, and China became increasingly urbanized and industrialized. In parallel, China’s economic transformation translated into similar and remarkable reductions in neglected tropical diseases. Qian and colleagues report in their review published in Infectious Diseases of Poverty, the elimination or near elimination as a public health problem of lymphatic filariasis, trachoma, soil-transmitted helminth infections, schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases. Of note, neglected tropical disease control and poverty reduction each appear to reinforce the other. China’s formula for success in parasitic and neglected tropical disease control might translate to other parts of the world, such as in sub-Saharan Africa through China’s new Belt and Road Initiative.
Technical feasibility of constant-load and high-intensity interval training for cardiopulmonary conditioning using a re-engineered dynamic leg press
Authors: Chrif Farouk , Nef Tobias , Hunt Kenneth J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Leg-press devices are one of the most widely used training tools for musculoskeletal strengthening of the lower-limbs, and have demonstrated important cardiopulmonary benefits for healthy and patient populations. Further engineering development was done on a dynamic leg-press for work-rate estimation by integrating force and motion sensors, power calculation and a visual feedback system for volitional work-rate control. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the enhanced dynamic leg press for cardiopulmonary exercise training in constant-load training and high-intensity interval training. Five healthy participants aged 31.0±3.9 years (mean ± standard deviation) performed two cardiopulmonary training sessions: constant-load training and high-intensity interval training. Participants carried out the training sessions at a work rate that corresponds to their first ventilatory threshold for constant-load training, and their second ventilatory threshold for high-intensity interval training.

Results
All participants tolerated both training protocols, and could complete the training sessions with no complications. Substantial cardiopulmonary responses were observed. The difference between mean oxygen uptake and target oxygen uptake was 0.07±0.34 L/min (103 ±17%) during constant-load training, and 0.35±0.66 L/min (113 ±27%) during high-intensity interval training. The difference between mean heart rate and target heart rate was −7±19 bpm (94 ±15%) during constant-load training, and 4.2±16 bpm (103 ±12%) during high-intensity interval training.

Conclusions
The enhanced dynamic leg press was found to be feasible for cardiopulmonary exercise training, and for exercise prescription for different training programmes based on the ventilatory thresholds.
Transporting cells over several days without dry-ice
Authors: Wheatley Sally P. , Wheatley Denys N. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a simple, hazard-free and inexpensive procedure that allows researchers to send cultured cells across the globe at ambient temperatures. The method enables transit of up to 2 weeks without compromising cell recovery. Its use will assist collaborators in distant laboratories to exchange cells without using dry-ice.
Women With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Lose Protection Against Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: Allen Alina M. , Therneau Terry M. , Mara Kristin C. , Larson Joseph J. , Watt Kymberly D. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Kamath Patrick S. 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the top cause of mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Female sex is protective against CV disease. We aimed to determine whether female sex remains a protective factor against CV disease (myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke) in NAFLD.

METHODS:
We identified all adults diagnosed with NAFLD in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1997 and 2014 and selected an age- and sex-matched (1:4) referent cohort from the general population. NAFLD was ascertained using a code-based algorithm with high validity tested by medical record review. The impact of female sex on incident CV events was examined using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis stratified by standard clinical risk factors.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,869 NAFLD and 15,209 age- and sex-matched referent subjects were identified. After a median follow-up time of 7 (range 1–20) years, 3,851 CV events were recorded. Female sex was protective for ischemic CV events in the general population (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62–0.80, P < 0.001), but the impact was significantly diminished among those with NAFLD (hazard ratio = 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.74–1.08, P = 0.25), even after stratification by time-dependent CV risk factors and control for diagnostic testing (liver enzymes and ultrasound) during routine medical evaluations, as a surrogate of access to care. Among those with NAFLD, excess events were higher in women than in men: CV disease (18% vs 9%) and mortality (9% vs 6%).

DISCUSSION:
Women with NAFLD lose the CV protection conferred by the female sex, and their risk is underestimated by current estimating methods in clinical practice.
Reproductive function in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Matveyeva L S , Berdyklycheva A A , Strekolshikova O D 
Published: October 2019

In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in studying reproductive disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with advances in the treatment of the disease, which can significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with diabetes, maximally delay the onset and progression of severe complications of the disease, as well as that the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the offspring was much lower than previously thought.
A fairly high frequency of menstrual irregularities, infertility, an increase in the pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, and a significant reduction in the fertility period in women with diabetes mellitus are noted in the literature.
Similar violations are found, according to literature 1'01. In ’/ 3 sick women. Amenorrhea in women of reproductive age is observed 2 times more often than in the population. Spontaneous abortions were noted 1.3 times more often, the birth rate in patients with diabetes is 1.59, while normally it is 1.89.
The value of the simultaneous determination of content
glycated proteins and antibodies to islet cells
in children and adolescents
Authors: Aikhodzhaeva M. A. , Rakhimova G. N. , Akbarov Z. S. , Zalyalieva M. V. , Akhmedova Sh. U. 
Published: October 2019

An assessment was made of the potentiality of identification of individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) among children with transient hyperglycemia by simultaneously determining the levels of antibodies to pancreatic islet cell antigens (ICA) and insulin antigen (IA), as well as glycated proteins of different life span.
The content of antibodies to ICA and IA was measured in 76 children and adolescents aged 3 to 20 years who had a history of transient hyperglycemia and in 18 children of the same age who had DM-characteristic complaints. They also underwent a glucose tolerance test and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc), glycated hair keratin (GHK), and glycated fibrinogen (GF) were de­termined.
The children with a history of transient hyperglycemia, those with impaired glucose tolerance, and a group of individuals with fasting glycemic disturbances were found to have higher levels of glycated proteins (GHK and HbAlc) and a significantly more frequency of and higher titers of antibodies to IS and ICA than in the children from the control group and in those without carbohydrate metabolic disturbances.
Problems in the diagnosis of the adrenals with incidental
Authors: Kuznetsov N. S. , Belchenko L. V. , Yushkov P. V. , Manovitskaya A. V. , Opalenov К. V. , Mamayeva V. G. 
Published: October 2019

The paper analyzes the case records of 123 patients with a primary diagnosis ofadrenal incidentaloma who were treated at the Endocrinology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in the past 5 years. Ofthem, 87patients were operated on at the surgical department of the Center. Thirty six patients with a clinically verified diagnosis ofhormonally inactive adrenal tumor without signs ofmalignant growth werefollowed up. All the patients underwent comprehensive clinical and instrumental studies (ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, hormonalstudies). Theirresults were comparedwith the morphological data on distal adrenal changes. The hormonal activity ofadrenal tumors was morphologically determined by histochemical techniques. The study revealed true hormonally inactive tumors only in 12 cases. It is concluded that the concepts of adrenal incidentaloma and of true hormonally tumor are not equivalent and that it is necessary to make a comprehensive clinical and morphobiochemical analysis in adrenal tumors to establish a final nosological diagnosis.
Development of relapsing toxic goiter
Authors: Bubnov A. N. , Kuzmichev A. S. , Trunin E. M. 
Published: October 2019

The causes of postoperative relapses of thyrotoxicosis are analyzed in 102 patients with various forms of toxic goiter (diffuse toxic goiter - DTG, poly nodular toxic goiter - PTC, and diffuse toxic goiter with adenomatous transformation - DTNG). AH these patients were reoperated for relapses of toxic goiter. The incidence of postoperative relapses of thyrotoxicosis and the development of relapses after surgical treatment of toxic goiter were studied. 7.1% patients previously operated for various forms of toxic goiter developed relapses of thyrotoxicosis. The causes of relapses were different, but technological errors during the first intervention were the most frequent among patients with diffuse forms (45%). Adenomatous transformation of the remaining thyroid with increase of the mass of functioning tissue was the cause of thyrotoxicosis relapse in 32.5% patients, being most frequent in patients with PTC. The intensity of autoimmune process can be responsible for thyrotoxicosis relapses in the rest 22.5% patients. High titers of antibodies to thyrotropin receptors in the presence of genetic liability to DTG essentially increase the risk of postoperative relapse of the disease, particularly in young patients.
The incidence of relapses after surgical treatment of toxic goiter can be decreased by better training of surgeons and more profound examination of the patient’s immune status.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet 
Published: October 2019

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,
I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with forth issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2019. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.
In this issue, I am pleased to inform you that our journal has started to be indexed in ERIC database as well. With this good news, there has been a significant increase in the number of submissions to our journal. Although this interest in our journal has pleased us, I would like to inform that we will be more selective in order to improve our publication quality. Therefore, I recommend you, dear science producers, to carefully examine the author's guide before submitting your article.
One hundred and eighty-three manuscripts were submitted to PEGEGOG in last one year. Of these, about 25.00% were accepted for publication. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.
One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.
As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.
Sincerely yours,
Die Stellung der Juden im Merowingerreich nach dem Zeugnis der Synodalakten
Authors: Friedrich Lotter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In research into the history of the Jews in the Merovingian kingdom, relevant Council decrees have so far played a very subsidiary role compared to information gleaned from narrative sources. Yet besides facilitating discoveries of importance not only for the Merovingian period, and scarcely to be found in other sources, a number of these decrees also found their way into the canon law of the High Middle Ages and acquired long-term significance as a result. The compilation presented here systematically investigates this source material according to perspectives important for the synods: Christian-Jewish intermarriages; Christian slaves owned by Jews, and the danger, as the Church saw it, of proselytism; Jews as holders of public offices; Judaizing tendencies amongst Christians; attempts to limit contact between Christians and Jews. From this it becomes apparent that the position of the Jews in the Merovingian kingdom was not as perilous as is often assumed based on the narrative sources. On the contrary, during this era the foundations were laid for a later autonomous Jewry in Europe. The essay also elaborates on the importance of the synodal decrees as source material for investigating the history of Jewry in the early medieval period. The concluding tables provide a systematic overview and also demonstrate which of the decrees were incorporated again into the medieval canonical collections.