bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective photosynthetic adaptation mechanism in winter restricts the introduction of overwintering plant to high latitudes
Authors: Li Yue-Nan , Li Yu-Ting , Ivanov Alexander G. , Jiang Wan-Li , Che Xing-Kai , Liang Ying , Zhang Zi-Shan , Zhao Shi-Jie , Gao Hui-Yuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBecause of the need for agriculture and landscaping, many overwintering evergreen and biennial species that maintain green leaves over winter were introduced to higher latitudes. The green leaves of introduced overwintering species have to withstand a harsher winter, especially lower temperature, than in their native region of origin. Although the responses and adaptability of photosynthetic apparatus to winter conditions in native overwintering species were widely studied, the experimental results on the introduced overwintering species are very limited. Here, the photosynthetic adaptability during winter was analyzed in two native overwintering species, pine (woody plants), winter wheat (herb), and two introduced overwintering species, bamboo (woody plants), lilyturf (herb). The native species exhibited higher capacity for photosynthetic CO2 fixation and lower susceptibility for photoinhibition than introduced species during winter. Photosynthesis related proteins, such as PsbA, PsaA, Rubisco and Lhcb1, were marginally affected in native species, but significantly degraded in introduced species during winter. More interestingly, the PSII photoinhibition was mainly caused by up-regulation of photoprotection mechanism, non-photochemical quenching, in native species, but by photodamage in introduced species. This study indicates that the growth and survival of introduced overwintering species is limited by their photosynthetic adaptability to the harsher winter conditions at high latitudes.
Modeling implicates inhibitory network bistability as an underpinning of seizure initiation
Authors: Rich Scott , Chameh Homeira Moradi , Rafiee Marjan , Ferguson Katie , Skinner Frances K. , Valiante Taufik A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA plethora of recent experimental literature implicates the abrupt, synchronous activation of GABAergic interneurons in driving the sudden change in brain activity that heralds seizure initiation. However, the mechanisms predisposing an inhibitory network toward sudden coherence specifically during ictogenesis remain unknown. We address this question by comparing simulated inhibitory networks containing control interneurons and networks containing hyper-excitable interneurons modeled to mimic treatment with 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP), an agent commonly used to model seizuresin vivoandin vitro. Ourin silicostudy demonstrates that model inhibitory networks with 4-AP interneurons are more prone than their control counterparts to exist in a bistable state in which asynchronously firing networks can abruptly transition into synchrony due to a brief perturbation. We further show that perturbations driving this transition could reasonably arisein vivobased on models of background excitatory synaptic activity in the cortex. Thus, these results propose a mechanism by which an inhibitory network can transition from incoherent to coherent dynamics in a fashion that may precipitate seizure as a downstream effect. Moreover, this mechanism specifically explains why inhibitory networks containing hyper-excitable interneurons are more vulnerable to this state change, and how such networks can undergo this transition without a permanent change in the drive to the system. This, in turn, potentially explains such networks’ increased vulnerability to seizure initiated by GABAergic activity.Author summaryFor decades, the study of epilepsy has focused on the hypothesis that over-excitation or dis-inhibition of pyramidal neurons underlies the transition from normal brain activity to seizure. However, a variety of recent experimental findings have implicated a sudden synchronous burst of activity amongst inhibitory interneurons in driving this transition. Given the counter-intuitive nature of these findings and the correspondingly novel hypothesis of seizure generation, the articulation of a feasible mechanism of action underlying this dynamic is of paramount importance for this theory’s viability. Here, we use computational techniques, particularly the concept of bistability in the context of dynamical systems, to propose a mechanism for the necessary first step in such a process: the sudden synchronization of a network of inhibitory interneurons. This is the first detailed proposal of a computational mechanism explaining any aspect of this hypothesis of which we are aware. By articulating a mechanism that not only underlies this transition, but does so in a fashion explaining why ictogenic networks might be more prone to this behavior, we provide critical support for this novel hypothesis of seizure generation and potential insight into the larger question of why individuals with epilepsy are particularly vulnerable to seizure.
Trait acclimation of the clonal fern Selliguea griffithiana to forest epiphytic and terrestrial habitats
Authors: Chen Quan , Sun Jing‐Qi , Song Liang , Liu Wen‐Yao , Yu Fei‐Hai , Li Su , Gong He‐De , Lu Hua‐Zheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough epiphytic habitats are more stressful and heterogeneous than terrestrial habitats, how facultative epiphytes acclimate to such contrasting environments has been poorly understood. Our study focused on the variation of functional traits between epiphytic and terrestrial individuals of Selliguea griffithiana, and provided considerable functional acclimation of this species to such contrasting environments. We sampled ramets of S. griffithiana from epiphytic and terrestrial habitats of a subtropical montane moist forest, SW China. Morphological and anatomical traits, photosynthesis, biomass and ramet density of S. griffithiana were measured and it was found that these traits differed significantly between the two habitats. Frond length, stipe length, spacer length (interramet distance), stomatal density, vein density, maximal chlorophyll fluorescence and relative chlorophyll content of fronds, and biomass per ramet were all lower in epiphytic habitat than those in terrestrial habitat, whereas frond thickness and ramet density were higher in the former. Photosynthetic light–response curves revealed a higher carbon assimilation capability of individuals in terrestrial habitat than in epiphytic habitat, whereas cumulative water loss curves showed a lower water loss rate in the latter. The findings demonstrate acclimation of S. griffithiana to both habitats, that is, epiphytic ramets can mitigate water scarcity at some cost of a reduced photosynthetic capacity, whereas terrestrial ramets can afford to improve the light capture to a higher photosynthetic capacity without any water stresses.
Assessing Alignment Between Functional Markers and Ordinal Outcomes Based on Broad Sense Agreement
Authors: Jang Jeong Hoon , Peng Limin , Manatunga Amita K. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Functional markers and their quantitative features (eg, maximum value, time to maximum, area under the curve [AUC], etc) are increasingly being used in clinical studies to diagnose diseases. It is thus of interest to assess the diagnostic utility of functional markers by assessing alignment between their quantitative features and an ordinal gold standard test that reflects the severity of disease. The concept of broad sense agreement (BSA) has recently been introduced for studying the relationship between continuous and ordinal measurements, and provides a promising tool to address such a question. Our strategy is to adopt a general class of summary functionals (SFs), each of which flexibly captures a different quantitative feature of a functional marker, and study its alignment according to an ordinal outcome via BSA. We further illustrate the proposed framework using three special classes of SFs (AUC-type, magnitude-specific, and time-specific) that are widely used in clinical settings. The proposed BSA estimator is proven to be consistent and asymptotically normal given a consistent estimator for the SF. We further provide an inferential framework for comparing a pair of candidate SFs in terms of their importance on the ordinal outcome. Our simulation results demonstrate satisfactory finite-sample performance of the proposed framework. We demonstrate the application of our methods using a renal study.
Learning ecologies through a lens: Ontological, methodological and applicative issues. A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sangrá Albert , Raffaghelli Juliana Elisa , Guitert‐Catasús Montse 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe concept of learning ecologies emerged in a context of educational change. While the “learning ecologies” construct has offered a broad semantic space for characterizing innovative ways of learning, it is also true that its potential to promote innovative educational interventions may have been hindered by this same broadness. Based on this assumption, in this paper the authors carried out a systematic review of the literature on learning ecologies with the aim of analysing: (1) the varying definitions given to the concept, including the ontological perspective underlying the phenomena studied; (2) the methodological approaches adopted in studying the phenomenon; and (3) the applications of the research on this topic. Throughout this analysis, the authors attempt to describe the criticalities of the existing research, as well as the potential areas of development that align well with the theoretical/ontological issues, methodological approaches and educational applications. The authors selected and analysed 85 articles, which they then classified in a set of 20 categories defined by them on a theoretical basis. Moreover, in order to triangulate the manual coding, a bibliometric map was created showing the co‐citation activity of the 85 papers. The emerging picture showed significant variability in the ontological definitions and methodological approaches. In spite of this richness, few educational applications currently exist, particularly with regard to technology‐enhanced learning developments. Most research is observational, devoted to describing hybrid (digital and on‐site) learning activities that bridge the gap between the school and social spaces. Furthermore, many of the studies relate to the field of secondary education, with fewer studies exploring adult learning and higher education. The studies dealing with professional development relate mostly to teachers’ continuing education. The authors conclude that the concept of learning ecologies could be used to address further experimental and design‐based research leading to research applications if there is proper alignment between the ontological, methodological and applicative dimensions. The main potential of this strategy lies in the possibility of supporting learners by raising their awareness of their own learning ecologies, thereby empowering them and encouraging them to engage in agentic practices. This empowerment could help maintain and build new and better learning opportunities, which every learning ecology can incorporate, amidst the chaotic abundance that characterizes the digital society.
Prognostic relevance of tertiary lymphoid organs following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kuwabara Shota , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Nakamura Toru , Hatanaka Yutaka , Hatanaka Kanako C. , Sasaki Katsunori , Ono Masato , Umemoto Kazufumi , Suzuki Tomohiro , Sato Osamu , Hane Yuma , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Ebihara Yuma , Kurashima Yo , Noji Takehiro , Murakami Soichi , Okamura Keisuke , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe efficacy of preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NAC) in cases of pancreatic cancer with extremely poor prognoses has been reported. In this study, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers that reflect prognoses following chemoradiotherapy using tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) expressed in the tumor microenvironment. Resected tumor specimens were obtained from 140 pancreatic cancer patients. We retrospectively investigated the clinical relevance of TLO by categorizing patients into those who underwent upfront surgery (surgery first [SF]) and those who received NAC. The immunological elements within TLO were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In the IHC analysis, the proportions of CD8+ T lymphocytes, PNAd+ high endothelial venules, CD163+ macrophages and Ki‐67+ cells within the TLO were higher in the NAC group than in the SF group. In contrast, the proportion of programmed cell death‐1+ immunosuppressive lymphocytes within TLO was lower in the NAC group than in the SF group. The NAC group demonstrated favorable prognoses compared with the SF group. In the multivariate analysis, the TLO/tumor ratio was determined as an independent predictive prognostic factor. In conclusion, the administration of preoperative chemoradiotherapy may influence the immunological elements in the tumor microenvironment and result in favorable prognoses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients.
Mainstreaming human and large carnivore coexistence through institutional collaboration
Authors: Hartel Tibor , Scheele Ben C. , Vanak Abi Tamim , Rozylowicz Laurențiu , Linnell John D. C. , Ritchie Euan G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAchieving coexistence between large carnivores and humans in human‐dominated landscapes (HDLs) is a key challenge for societies globally. This challenge cannot be adequately met with the current sectoral approaches to HDL governance and an academic community largely dominated by disciplinary sectors. Academia (universities and other research institutions and organizations) should take a more active role in embracing societal challenges around conservation of large carnivores in HDLs by facilitating cross‐sectoral cooperation to mainstream coexistence of humans and large carnivores. Drawing on lessons from populated regions of Europe, Asia, and South America with substantial densities of large carnivores, we suggest academia should better embrace the principles and methods of sustainability sciences and create institutional spaces for the implementation of transdisciplinary curricula and projects; reflect on research approaches (i.e., disciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) they apply and how their outcomes could aid leveraging institutional transformations for mainstreaming; and engage with various institutions and stakeholder groups to create novel institutional structures that can respond to multiple challenges of HDL management and human–large carnivore coexistence. Success in mainstreaming this coexistence in HDL will rest on the ability to think and act cooperatively. Such a conservation achievement, if realized, stands to have far‐reaching benefits for people and biodiversity.
Limited Investment Capital and Credit Spreads
Authors: SIRIWARDANE EMIL N. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTUsing proprietary credit default swap (CDS) data, I investigate how capital shocks at protection sellers impact pricing in the CDS market. Seller capital shocks—measured as CDS portfolio margin payments—account for 12% of the time‐series variation in weekly spread changes, a significant amount given that standard credit factors account for 18% during my sample. In addition, seller shocks possess information for spreads that is independent of institution‐wide measures of constraints. These findings imply a high degree of market segmentation, and suggest that frictions within specialized financial institutions prevent capital from flowing into the market at shorter horizons.
Management of Biotechnical Complications Associated with a Full‐Arch Implant Restoration Using Digital and Conventional Workflows: A Clinical Report
Authors: Joshi Niranjan , Piermatti Jack , Nahon Max , Balshi Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFull‐arch implant‐supported restorations using a metal‐acrylic resin design have had a high success rate but are also associated with frequent technical complications including framework misfit due to casting errors, debonding of denture teeth, and fracture of the acrylic from the metal framework. This clinical report describes a case of maxillary and mandibular full‐arch implant‐supported rehabilitation associated with technical and biological complications and use of digital technology for fabricating monolithic restorations. The use of a bio‐functional try‐in and its subsequent use as a conversion prosthesis for fabricating a master cast is described. The use of the patient's existing metal bar to fabricate a retread type prosthesis is also described along with using digital technology for fabricating a new metal bar and a monolithic type of restoration. The integration of digital and conventional workflows to obtain an increased level of accuracy and simplicity is also discussed.
The Interplay of Group Identifications and Friendships: Evidence from Longitudinal Social Network Studies
Authors: Leszczensky Lars , Jugert Philipp , Pink Sebastian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article reviews empirical evidence on the reciprocal relation of ethnic minority group members’ national, ethnic, and dual identification on the one hand and their friendships with both minority and majority group members on the other. Emphasis is given to studies that apply longitudinal social network analysis in order to draw inferences about how these group identifications shape social relations and/or how social relations in turn shape individuals’ group identifications. After outlining theoretical mechanisms and showing the advantages of a social network approach, the article summarizes findings on how ethnic, national, and dual identification affect individual preferences for having same ethnic or interethnic friends. Evidence on how friends in turn influence group identifications is also reviewed. The article closes by discussing practical implications of the existing evidence and by pointing to open questions and next steps for further research on the nexus of group identifications and friendship.
Pilot evaluation of the circadian rhythm of tear production in a population of healthy adult cats
Authors: Faghihi Houman , Rajaei Seyed Mehdi , Ansari mood Manely , Williams David L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine if a circadian rhythm exists in Schirmer's tear test (STT‐1) values in a group of healthy adult cats.Animals studiedTwenty adult neutered Domestic Short‐haired cats (DSH) were used in the study.ProceduresTear production was measured with the Schirmer tear test (STT‐1) at 12 different time points over a 48‐hour period.ResultsA significant difference (approximately 4.3 mm/min) was noted between STT‐1 values measured between 4 pm (lowest) and 12 am (highest) on both day 1 (P = 0.02) and day 2 (P = 0.01), and substantial variation in STT‐1 values was observed at different times during the 48‐hour period.ConclusionsSignificant variation in mean STT‐1 values demonstrates that there is a circadian rhythm in tear production in cats and thus shows the importance of taking the time of day into account when measuring STT‐1 in cats.
Restricted fluid bolus volume in early septic shock: results of the Fluids in Shock pilot trial
Authors: Inwald David Philip , Canter Ruth , Woolfall Kerry , Mouncey Paul , Zenasni Zohra , O’Hara Caitlin , Carter Anjali , Jones Nicola , Lyttle Mark D , Nadel Simon , Peters Mark J , Harrison David A , Rowan Kathryn M 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility of Fluids in Shock, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of restricted fluid bolus volume (10 mL/kg) versus recommended practice (20 mL/kg).DesignNine-month pilot RCT with embedded mixed-method perspectives study.Setting13 hospitals in England.PatientsChildren presenting to emergency departments with suspected infection and shock after 20 mL/kg fluid.InterventionsPatients were randomly allocated (1:1) to further 10 or 20 mL/kg fluid boluses every 15 min for up to 4 hours if still in shock.Main outcome measuresThese were based on progression criteria, including recruitment and retention, protocol adherence, separation, potential trial outcome measures, and parent and staff perspectives.ResultsSeventy-five participants were randomised; two were withdrawn. 23 (59%) of 39 in the 10 mL/kg arm and 25 (74%) of 34 in the 20 mL/kg arm required a single trial bolus before the shock resolved. 79% of boluses were delivered per protocol in the 10 mL/kg arm and 55% in the 20 mL/kg arm. The volume of study bolus fluid after 4 hours was 44% lower in the 10 mL/kg group (mean 14.5 vs 27.5 mL/kg). The Paediatric Index of Mortality-2 score was 2.1 (IQR 1.6–2.7) in the 10 mL/kg group and 2.0 (IQR 1.6–2.5) in the 20 mL/kg group. There were no deaths. Length of hospital stay, paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and PICU-free days at 30 days did not differ significantly between the groups. In the perspectives study, the trial was generally supported, although some problems with protocol adherence were described.ConclusionsParticipants were not as unwell as expected. A larger trial is not feasible in its current design in the UK.Trial registration numberISRCTN15244462.
Dynamic assessment of the tear film muco-aqueous and lipid layers using a novel tear film imager (TFI)
Authors: Segev Fani , Geffen Noa , Galor Anat , Cohen Yoel , Gefen Raanan , Belkin Avner , Arieli Yoel , Epshtein Shlomi , Oren Anat , Harris Alon 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe objective of the study was to assess a new technology, the tear film imager (TFI), which can dynamically image the muco-aqueous and lipid layers.MethodsProspective pilot case series of individuals with and without dry eye (DE). Two sequential images were obtained with the TFI. Measurements were assessed for reproducibility and compared with clinically derived DE metrics. Individuals were grouped into DE categories based on signs of DE.Results49 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 58.8 years (SD 15.9) and a female majority (69%). Reproducibility of the muco-aqueous layer thickness (MALT) was excellent (r=0.88). MALT measurements significantly correlated with the Schirmer score (r=0.31). Lipid break up time (LBUT) as measured by the TFI significantly correlated with the clinical measure of tear break up time (TBUT) (r=0.73). MALT and LBUT were significantly thinner and shorter, respectively, in the DE groups (mild–moderate and severe) compared with the control group. When comparing TFI parameters to clinically assessed signs, sensitivity of the device was 87% and specificity was 88%.ConclusionThe TFI is the first machine capable of reproducibly measuring muco-aqueous thickness in human subjects which correlates with Schirmer score. In parallel, it assesses other important aspects of tear film function which correlate with clinician assessed DE metrics.