bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hemodialysis on respiratory mechanics in acute kidney injury patients
Authors: de Almeida Cibele Puato , Ponce Daniela , Balbi André Luís 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction: Hemodialysis (HD) is one treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. Studies have shown that this dialysis modality may lead to changes in pulmonary function with an impact on prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in respiratory mechanics and oxygenation of AKI patients admitted to an intensive care unit who were undergoing intermittent mechanical ventilation (IMV) and daily HD.Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 94 AKI patients and 234 HD sessions. Pulmonary static compliance (Pcs), resistance (Rsr), and arterial partial pressure of oxygen and the fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio were assessed during the initial three‐day period of daily HD therapy.Findings: Psc increased progressively during HD sessions, from 39.4 ± 21.4 mL/cm H2O prior to the initial dialysis to 55.5 ± 25.2 at the end of the last dialysis during the study period (P = 0.04). Similarly, Rsr and PaO2/FiO2 ratio also improved, from 11.1 ± 6.3 cm H2O/L/s prior to the initial dialysis to 8.8 ± 4.2 at the end of the last dialysis (P =0.0027) and from 228 ± 85 prior to the initial dialysis to 312.1 ± 111.5, P < 0.001, to the end of the last dialysis, respectively.Conclusion: This study showed that AKI patients undergoing IMV and daily HD improve their respiratory mechanics and oxygenation.
A “FolkBiology” of racial theory?Psychology and the historiography of 18th‐century race thought
Authors: Newberry George T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman racial kinds have been disproven by genetic and anthropological analysis. A historiographical consensus has accordingly arisen over the last few decades which sees race thought and racism as historically specific inventions, the genesis of which occurred during or after the Enlightenment. At the same time, this historical narrative has achieved dominance, work in the field of psychology has argued essentialist, categorical thinking about human kinds to be an innate component of human psychology—perhaps with a root in an evolutionary “folk biology.” These two disciplines thus appear fundamentally at odds over the origins of racial thought. This article outlines the arguments for both models and offers some commentary on how future historical work might be interact with the psychological model as it looks back into the early modern period.
Integrative analysis of PD‐L1 DNA status, mRNA status and protein status, and their clinicopathological correlation, in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Sun Chenbo , Jia Yijun , Wang Weige , Bi Rui , Wu Lijing , Bai Qianming , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe protein expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) has been recognised as being a biomarker for poor prognosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The aims of this study were to determine PD‐L1 DNA status and mRNA status, and to explore whether they contribute to protein expression and their clinicopathological correlation in DLBCL.Methods and resultsIn this study, we used fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, RNA in‐situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to determine PD‐L1 status at three different levels in 287 DLBCL samples with follow‐up. Their correlation and clinical pathological relevance were also analysed. Our results showed that 1.7% (3/175) of patients had PD‐L1 DNA amplification, 19.9% (57/287) had high PD‐L1 mRNA expression, and 11.8% (34/287) had high PD‐L1 protein expression. Both mRNA and protein expression of PD‐L1 were significantly higher in non‐germinal centre B‐cell‐like (GCB) DLBCL than in GCB DLBCL (P < 0.05). In addition, the patients with high PD‐L1 mRNA or high PD‐L1 protein expression but no PD‐L1 DNA amplification had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) than those with low PD‐L1 expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that PD‐L1 mRNA and PD‐L1 protein expression were highly correlated (P = 0.012), which was observed in all three samples with DNA amplification.ConclusionsPD‐L1 DNA amplification is a rare event, PD‐L1 mRNA is the main contributor to the high PD‐L1 protein expression, and the latter two will serve as important biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients and selecting them for immunotherapy.
Drivers of regional and local diversity of Amazonian stream Odonata
Authors: Alves‐Martins Fernanda , Calatayud Joaquín , Medina Nagore G. , De Marco Paulo , Juen Leandro , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Large Amazonian rivers may act as dispersal barriers for animals with low dispersal abilities, limiting their distribution to certain interfluves. Consequently, the distribution of these taxa would be less affected by macroclimatic gradients. Conversely, high‐dispersal taxa would be less constrained by large rivers and may track suitable climates.

We evaluate whether Zygoptera and Anisoptera, two Odonata suborders with different dispersal abilities, show differences in distribution patterns across Amazonian interfluves. We further assess the relative importance of macroclimatic and habitat factors in their community assembly.

We used network modularity analyses to identify biogeographic species pools and spatial buffers to define metacommunity species pools. Then, we used structural equation models to estimate the relative importance of multi‐scale factors on species richness patterns.

Zygoptera communities are more similar in species composition within than between interfluves, suggesting that large Amazonian rivers indeed limit the distribution of Zygoptera species. Conversely, the distribution of Anisoptera extends across Amazonian interfluves. Seasonality has a strong positive effect on Zygoptera and Anisoptera richness across scales. In addition, habitat integrity is negatively correlated with the regional species richness and abundance of Anisoptera and positively correlated with Zygoptera local richness.

The contrasting effects of habitat integrity on Anisoptera and Zygoptera suggest that the former is favored in open habitats, whereas the latter is so in forests. Despite these differences, both suborders appear to follow similar community assembly mechanisms in Amazonia, with a strong climatic control across scales and an effect of habitat filters on local communities.
Efficacy of sonically, ultrasonically and laser‐activated irrigation in removing a biofilm‐mimicking hydrogel from an isthmus model
Authors: Swimberghe R. C. D. , De Clercq A. , De Moor R. J. G. , Meire M. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of sonically, ultrasonically and laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) in removing a biofilm‐mimicking hydrogel from the isthmus in a root canal model.MethodologyTransparent resin blocks containing two standardized root canals (apical diameter of 0.3 mm, 6% taper, 16 mm long, with a coronal reservoir) connected by an isthmus (0.15 mm wide, 2 mm high) were used as the test model. The isthmus was filled with a hydrogel‐containing dentine debris. The canals were filled with irrigant, and the models were randomly assigned to the following activation groups (n = 20): EndoActivator (EA), Eddy, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) with an Irrisafe 25 mm length, size 25 file and LAI with a 2940 nm Er:YAG‐laser (20 Hz, 50 μs, 20 mJ, PIPS tip at the canal entrance). All protocols were executed for 3 × 20 s. Needle irrigation (NI) with a 27G needle served as the control. Standardized images of the isthmus were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of removed hydrogel was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using Welch anova (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsHydrogel removal was greatest in the LAI group (90.2%) and was significantly greater than that with UAI, EA and NI (P ≤ 0.014), but not significantly different from Eddy (P = 0.498). Hydrogel removal with Eddy (85.9%) was significantly greater than that with NI and EA (P < 0.05), but not significantly different from UAI (P = 0.07). There was no significant difference between the NI and EA groups (P = 1).ConclusionsLaser‐activated irrigation and Eddy resulted in the greatest hydrogel removal and performed better than EA and UAI. The effect of LAI was also not dependent on deep intracanal tip placement.
Hidden myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS): A prospective study to confirm or exclude MDS in patients with anemia of uncertain etiology
Authors: Bastida José María , López‐Godino Oriana , Vicente‐Sánchez Ana , Bonanad‐Boix Santiago , Xicoy‐Cirici Blanca , Hernández‐Sánchez Jesus M. , Such Esperanza , Cervera Jose , Caballero‐Berrocal Juan C. , López‐Cadenas Félix , Arnao‐Herráiz Mario , Rodríguez Inés , Llopis‐Calatayud Inmaculada , Jiménez María J. , del Cañizo‐Roldán Maria Consuelo , Díez‐Campelo Maria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionDiagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) when anemia is the only abnormality can be complicated. The aim of our study was to investigate the primary causes of anemia and/or macrocytosis of uncertain etiology.MethodsWe conducted a multicenter, prospective study over 4 months in three hematology laboratories. In step 1, we used an automated informatics system to screen 137 453 hemograms for cases of anemia and/or macrocytosis (n = 2702). In step 2, we excluded all patients whose anemia appeared to be due to a known cause. This left 290 patients had anemia of uncertain etiology. In step 3, we conducted further investigations, including a peripheral blood smear, and analysis of iron, vitamin B12, folate, and thyroid hormone levels.ResultsA differential diagnosis was obtained in 139 patients (48%). The primary causes of anemia were iron deficiency (n = 59) and megaloblastic anemia (n = 39). In total, 25 hematologic disorders were diagnosed, including 14 patients with MDS (56%). The median age of MDS patients was 80 years, 12 had anemia as an isolated cytopenia, and most (n = 10) had lower‐risk disease (IPSS‐R ≤ 3.5). SF3B1 mutations were most frequent (n = 6) and correlated with the presence of ring sideroblasts (100%) and associated with better prognosis (P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur prospective, four‐step approach is an efficient and logical strategy to facilitate the diagnosis of MDS on the basis of unexplained anemia and/or macrocytosis, and may allow the early diagnosis of the most serious causes of anemia. Molecular analysis of genes related to MDS could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic approach.
Update on diagnosis and anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Stevens Hannah , Tran Huyen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) continues to be a common medical problem requiring the need for rapid treatment with anticoagulant therapy. Until the recent availability of the direct oral anticoagulants for treatment of VTE, the option for oral anticoagulation was limited to warfarin therapy. The addition of these new medications has been welcomed, but has led to added complexities in deciding the most appropriate agent for each patient based on individual risk factors. Furthermore, there are several circumstances where optimal duration of therapy is not well established. This article will focus on the diagnosis of VTE, the choice of anticoagulant and treatment duration.
Fatal avian influenza A(H5N1) infection in a 36‐week pregnant woman survived by her newborn in Sóc Trăng Province, Vietnam, 2012
Authors: Le Tuan Van , Phan Lan T. , Ly Khanh H. K. , Nguyen Long T. , Nguyen Hieu T. , Ho Ngan T. T. , Trinh Tung X. , Tran Minh Nguyen N. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundReports of pregnant women infected with avian influenza are rare. Studies showed that A/H5N1 virus can penetrate the placental barrier and infect the fetus. Of six documented cases, four died and two survivors had a spontaneous abortion.ObjectivesWe report a clinical, outcome and epidemiological characteristics of a 36‐week pregnant woman infected with A/H5N1 and her newborn in Soc Trang province of Vietnam in 2012.MethodsEpidemiological and laboratory investigations were conducted. Clinical manifestations, progress, treatment and outcome of the case‐patient and her newborn were collected. Human tracheal aspirate, throat swab and serum specimens were tested for influenza A/H5N1, A/H3N1, A/H1N1pdm09 and B by real‐time RT‐PCR and genome sequencing. Poultry throat and rectal swabs were tested by PCR and virus isolation.ResultsCase‐patient hospitalized with high fever and cough, and died after onset 6 days. She continuously slaughtered sick poultry 5 days before illness onset. Clinical manifestation showed rapid progressive severe pneumonia. Her tracheal aspirate sample was positive influenza A/H5N1 virus. Her new‐born was delivered by caesarean section with low birth weight and early onset pneumonia, however fully recovered after 16 days treatment. Neonate's throat swabs and paired serum samples tested negative for influenza A/H5N1. Clade 1.1 A/H5N1 virus was detected in poultry samples, was same clade and highly homogenous with the virus was detected in the mother.ConclusionsThis was the first documented a live birth from a pregnant woman infected with influenza A/H5N1 virus. Intensive studies are needed to better understand mother‐to‐child transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus.
Low sintering temperature for lead‐free BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 ceramics with high piezoelectric performance
Authors: Lee Myang Hwan , Kim Da Jeong , Choi Hae In , Kim Myong‐Ho , Song Tae Kwon , Kim Won‐Jeong , Park Jin Su , Do Dalhyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThrough modification of the heat‐treatment process using a higher heating rate and a lower binder burnout temperature, the piezoelectric performance of water‐quenched 0.67Bi1.05FeO3‐0.33BaTiO3 (BF33BT) lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics was improved. The observed physical properties of BF33BT ceramics were very sensitive to the process temperatures. The sintering temperature (TS) was changed within a narrow temperature range, and its effects were investigated. The largest rhombohedral distortion (90°‐αR = 0.14°) and tetragonality (cT/aT = 1.022) were observed for the ceramic sintered at 980°C, and its Curie temperature was 476°C. This ceramic showed good piezoelectric properties and large grains; the piezoelectric sensor charge coefficient (d33) was 352 pC/N, and the piezoelectric actuator charge coefficient () was 270 pm/V. The high piezoelectric performance and low TS of BF33BT ceramics indicate their potential as new low‐cost eco‐friendly lead‐free piezoceramics.
Superdense Tb3+‐activated borogermanate‐tellurite scintillating glasses
Authors: Sun Xin‐Yuan , Wen Zhuo‐Xing , Liu Xiu‐Jian , Hu Qiang‐Lin , Yang Qing‐Mei , Kang Zhitao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNovel Tb3+‐activated borogermanate‐tellurite scintillating glasses with a maximum density of 7.15 g/cm3 aimed at detection of high‐energy rays were prepared by a melt‐quenching method for the first time. The concentration‐dependent optical properties including transmittance, photoluminescence, luminescence dynamic behaviors, and X‐ray excited luminescence in the as‐prepared Tb3+‐activated borogermanate‐tellurite glasses were studied. The optimal content of Tb2O3 in the superdense borogermanate‐tellurite glasses is revealed to be 7 mol% under both 275 nm ultraviolet light and X‐ray excitation. The integral scintillation efficiency of Tb3+‐activated borogermanate‐tellurite scintillating glass is about 33.71% of the standard Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) scintillating crystal.
Relaxation processes in barium strontium titanate glass‐ceramics by thermally simulated depolarization current
Authors: Song Xiaozhen , Zhang Tianyuan , Zhao Zhangyuan , Hu Kangjia , Baturin Ivan , Shur Vladimir , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of polarization temperature on different relaxation processes in barium strontium titanate glass‐ceramics. It was found that all the TSDC curves are composed of four relaxation peaks. From the characteristics of peak temperature and peak current intensity with various polarization temperatures, the origin of these four peaks are identified as from defect dipole orientation, charge carrier detrapping, in‐crystal oxygen vacancy migration, and trans‐interface oxygen vacancy migration respectively. In addition, both the dipole concentration and trap density for the glass‐ceramic samples were estimated.
Chemical hardening of glazed porcelain tiles
Authors: Barbi Silvia , Mugoni Consuelo , Montorsi Monia , Siligardi Cristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlazed ceramic tiles are used for wall and floor covering thanks to their high resistance to chemicals attacks, although big efforts should be done to increase their surfacesresistance to mechanical stresses. This study investigates the applicability of a well‐known glass hardening process to glazed ceramic tiles following a rational design based on Design of Experiments technique. A Mixture Design has been carried out to formulate new frits compositions to enhance the ion‐exchange process, starting from a commercial product. Vickers Hardness andSEM‐EDStechniques have been employed to evaluate the frits and elaborate the model. Results suggest that frits for ceramic tiles are positively affected by ion‐exchange process only if an appropriate combination of ions in the starting composition is present, establishing a new category of frit formulations suitable for that purpose. The results have been confirmed employing the optimized frit for the glazing of porcelain stoneware.
Diffused and successive phase transitions of (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramics with high strain and temperature insensitivity
Authors: Huang Yanli , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Bo , Wu Jiagang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPhase boundaries realize enhanced piezoelectricity in lead‐free (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramics but suffer from the weakness of undesirable temperature sensitivity. Here, an effective method is designed to develop temperature‐insensitive piezoelectricity (small signal piezo‐coefficient [d33] and large signal piezo‐coefficient []) in KNN‐based piezoceramics by constructing the diffused and successive phase transitions, which results in a broadness of the optimal temperature range of the electrical properties. The room‐temperature value in KNN‐based ceramics modified with BaZrO3 and (Bi0.5Na0.5)HfO3 reaches as high as 540 (±10) pm V−1, which is higher than PZT‐5H and most reported KNN‐based systems. Notably, superior temperature insensitivity of the and Pr values is also observed among the diffused and successive phase transitions region (20‐100°C), with <5% fluctuation. In addition, the in situ temperature‐dependent d33 measurement shows a high‐temperature reliability and less fluctuation (<15%) in a wide temperature range (20‐120°C). These results open a new window for further development of highly temperature‐insensitive lead‐free piezoceramics.
Coronary artery injury related to catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: A systematic review
Authors: Pothineni Naga Venkata , Kancharla Krishna , Katoor Ajoe J. , Shanta Ghanshyam , Paydak Hakan , Kapa Suraj , Deshmukh Abhishek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionCatheter ablation (CA) has emerged as the preferred modality of treatment for many cardiac arrhythmias. Anatomical sites of ablation are often located in close proximity to coronary arteries. However, the incidence of CA‐related coronary injury has not been well studied. We sought to systematically evaluate all cases of CA‐related coronary injuries.Methods and ResultsA PubMed search was conducted from inception until May 1, 2017 using the keywords “coronary artery” and “ablation.” We identified 2817 published articles of which 43 articles met our inclusion criteria representing 61 cases of coronary artery injury attributed to CA procedures from 1992 to 2017. Posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation was associated with the highest incidence of coronary injury (35.6% of cases), followed by cavotricuspid isthmus‐dependent flutter (19.3%). The right coronary artery was the site of injury in over two‐thirds of all reported cases. Coronary injury was detected intraprocedurally in about half of the cases (43.1%), whereas it was a delayed presentation in the other half. Coronary intervention was performed in a third of all cases (32.7%). There were a total of three deaths attributed to coronary artery injury.ConclusionsMost (91.8%) coronary injuries are a result of anatomic proximity to the site of ablation. Awareness of the relation between coronary artery course and anatomical site of ablation could prevent myocardial damage and improve procedural safety.
Macroreentrant atrial tachycardia detouring the epicardium at the anterior wall of the left atrium
Authors: Miyazawa Satoshi , Fukamizu Seiji , Kawamura Iwanari , Hojo Rintaro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 79‐year‐old woman with a history of pulmonary vein isolation for persistent atrial fibrillation was admitted for recurrence of atrial tachycardia, with a tachycardia cycle length of 236 milliseconds. The ultra–high‐resolution mapping system revealed that tachycardia circuit detouring the epicardium at the anterior wall scar and breaking through to the endocardium below the left atrial appendage. Radiofrequency energy was applied to this site, which successfully terminated the tachycardia. This case suggests that epicardial conduction could occur even at the left atrial anterior wall and identifies a variation in epicardial conduction around the left atrium, which could be a tachycardia circuit.
Detailed comparison between the wall thickness and voltages in chronic myocardial infarction
Authors: Takigawa Masateru , Martin Ruairidh , Cheniti Ghassen , Kitamura Takeshi , Vlachos Konstantinos , Frontera Antonio , Martin Claire A. , Bourier Felix , Lam Anna , Pillois Xavier , Duchateau Josselin , Klotz Nicolas , Pambrun Thomas , Denis Arnaud , Derval Nicolas , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Sacher Frédéric , Jaïs Pierre , Cochet Hubert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the local electrograms (EGMs) and wall thickness (WT) heterogeneity within infarct scars has not been thoroughly described. The relationship between WT and voltages and substrates for ventricular tachycardia (VT) was examined.MethodsIn 12 consecutive patients with myocardial infarction and VT, WT, defined by a multidetector computed tomography, and voltage were compared. In multicomponent EGMs, amplitudes of both far‐ and near‐field components were manually measured, and the performance of the three‐dimensional‐mapping system automatic voltage measurement was assessed.ResultsOf 15 748 points acquired, 2677 points within 5 mm of the endocardial surface were analyzed. In total, 909 (34.0%) multicomponent EGMs were identified; 785 (86.4%) and 883 (97.1%) were distributed in the WT less than 4 and 5 mm, respectively. Far‐field EGM voltages increased linearly from 0.14 mV (0.08‐0.28 mV) in the WT: 0 to 1 mm to 0.70 mV (0.43‐2.62 mV) in the WT: 4 to 5 mm (ρ = 0.430; P < 0.001), and a significant difference was demonstrated between any two WT‐groups (P ≤ 0.001). In contrast, near‐field EGM voltages varied from 0.27 mV (0.11‐0.44 mV) in the WT: 0 to 1 mm to 0.29 mV (0.17‐0.53 mV) in the WT: 4 to 5 mm with a poorer correlation (ρ = 0.062, P = 0.04). The proportion of points where the system automatically measured the voltage on near‐field EGMs increased from less than 10% in areas of WT: 4 to 5 mm to 50% in areas less than 2 mm. Of 21 VTs observed, seven hemodynamically stable VTs were mapped and terminated in WT: 1 to 4 mm area.ConclusionsAlthough far‐field voltages gradually increase with the WT, near‐field does not. The three‐dimensional–mapping system preferentially annotates the near‐field components in thinner areas (center of the scar) and the far‐field component in thicker areas when building a voltage map. Critical sites of VT are distributed in WT: 1 to 4 mm areas.