bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a highly sensitive magneto-enzyme lateral flow immunoassay for dengue NS1 detection
Authors: Tran Tien V. , Nguyen Ba V. , Nguyen Thao T.P. , Tran Tung T. , Pham Khanh G. , Le Quang B. , Do Binh N. , Pham Hung N. , Nguyen Chuyen V. , Dinh Duong P.H. , Ha Van T. , Doan Trang H.T. , Le Hoa Q. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundDengue infection represents a global health issue of growing importance. Dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) plays a central role in the early detection of the disease. The most common method for NS1 detection is testing by lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) with varying sensitivity. In this study, we present a highly sensitive magneto-enzyme LFIA for prompt diagnosis of dengue.MethodsWe have demonstrated the development of a magneto-enzyme LFIA combining super-paramagnetic nanoparticles as labels and Biotin–Streptavidin signal amplification strategy to detect dengue NS1. Factors affecting the test performance including antibody pair, super-paramagnetic nanoparticle size, nitrocellulose membrane type, amounts of detection and capture antibodies, and amounts of Streptavidin-polyHRP were optimized. Analytical sensitivity and cross-reactivity were determined. Clinical performance of the novel assay was evaluated using a panel of 120 clinical sera.ResultsThis newly developed assay could detect NS1 of all four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV). The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be as low as 0.25 ng ml−1for DENV-1 and DENV-3, 0.1 ng ml−1for DENV-2, and 1.0 ng ml−1for DENV-4. The LOD for DENV-2 was a 50-fold improvement over the best values previously reported. There was an absence of cross-reactivity with Zika NS1, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Japanese encephalitis virus. The sensitivity and specificity of the novel assay were 100% when tested on clinical samples.ConclusionsWe have successfully developed a magneto-enzyme LFIA, allowing rapid and highly sensitive detection of dengue NS1, which is essential for proper management of patients infected with DENV.
Combined Decarbonization of Electrical Energy Generation and Production of Synthetic Fuels by Renewable Energies and Fossil Fuels
Authors: Maaß Hans-Jürgen , Möckel Hans-Otto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPower generation from renewable energy sources and fossil fuels are integrated into one system. A combination of technologies in the form of a carbon capture utilization (CCU)‐combined power station is proposed. The technology is based on energy generation from fossil fuels by a coal power plant with CO2 recovery from exhaust gases, and pyrolysis of natural gas to hydrogen and carbon, completed by reverse water‐gas shift for the conversion of CO2 to CO, which will react with hydrogen in a Fischer‐Tropsch synthesis for synthetic diesel. The carbon from the pyrolysis can replace other fossil carbon or can be sequestered. This technology offers significant CO2 savings compared to the current state of technology and makes an environmentally friendly use of fossil fuels for electricity and fuel sectors possible.
Clinical Evaluation of the Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Azilsartan, a Potent Angiotensin Receptor Blocker, in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Li Xiaojiao , Liu Jingrui , Sheng Changcheng , Chen Hong , Cui Dongyang , Chen Guiling , Zhang Hong , Zhu Xiaoxue , Wu Min , Li Cuiyun , Shen Zhenwei , Guo Yingjie , Ding Yanhua , Jiao Zheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAzilsartan (AZL), the active metabolite of azilsartan medoxomil, is the newest angiotensin receptor blocker that has been approved for the treatment of hypertension in 2012 in Japan. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of AZL in healthy Chinese subjects. We performed 2 phase 1 studies to investigate the pharmacokinetics and safety of AZL in healthy Chinese adults after a single dose (20 mg or 40 mg) or multiple doses of AZL (40 mg/d for 7 days; Study I) and after a single 40‐mg dose under the fasted and fed conditions (Study II). Noncompartmental analysis and nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling were used to analyze the pharmacokinetic properties of AZL. Twenty‐seven healthy volunteers (14 men and 13 women) aged 20‐32 years were enrolled and completed the study. During single dosing of AZL, the pharmacokinetics of AZL exhibited a linear profile between dosage and area under the concentration‐time curve. There is no AZL accumulation after multiple doses. Food had no effect on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of AZL. AZL concentrations were best fit with a 2‐compartment model, and the typical value of clearance was 1.63 L/h. Body weight had an impact on both the apparent clearance and peripheral volume of distribution. The pharmacokinetic parameters were consistent with previous studies in non‐Chinese subjects. Model‐based simulations indicated that a 45‐kg subject would have approximately double the AZL exposure of a 90‐kg subject. Whether the exposure difference has clinical significance needs to be confirmed in further studies among patients.
Multi-objective Pareto and GAs nonlinear optimization approach for flyback transformer
Authors: Barg Sobhi , Bertilsson Kent 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Design and optimization of high-frequency inductive components is a complex task because of the huge number of variables to manipulate, the strong interdependence and the interaction between variables, the nonlinear variation of some design variables as well as the problem nonlinearity. This paper proposes a multi-objective design methodology of a 200-W flyback transformer in continuous conduction mode using genetic algorithms and Pareto optimality concept. The objective is to minimize loss, volume and cost of the transformer. Design variables such as the duty cycle, the winding configuration and the core shape, which have great effects on the former objectives but were neglected in previous works, are considered in this paper. The optimization is performed in discrete research space at different switching frequencies. In total, 24 magnetic materials, 6 core shapes and 2 winding configurations are considered in the database. Accurate volume and cost models are also developed to deal with the optimization in the discrete research space. The bi-objective (loss–volume) and tri-objective (loss–volume–cost) optimization results are presented, and the variations of the design variables are analyzed for the case of 60 kHz. An example of a design (30 kHz) is experimentally verified. The registered efficiency is 88% at full load.
GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography
Authors: Tsang Chi Him Alpha , Zhakeyev Adilet , Leung Dennis Y. C. , Xuan Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years, but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes. Stereolithography (SLA), used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in “flexible” polymers with elastomeric properties, presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers. In this work, it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible, consumer-oriented SLA printer. The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested. The mechanical strength, stiffness, and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO. The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results. It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites, can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“flexible” photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future.
Predictors of antiproliferative effect of lanreotide autogel in advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms
Authors: Laskaratos Faidon-Marios , Armeni Eleni , Shah Heer , Megapanou Maria , Papantoniou Dimitrios , Hayes Aimee R , Navalkissoor Shaunak , Gnanasegaran Gopinath , von Stempel Conrad , Phillips Edward , Furnace Myles , Kamieniarz Lukasz , Kousteni Margarita , Luong Tu Vinh , Watkins Jennifer , Mandair Dalvinder , Caplin Martyn , Toumpanakis Christos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The antiproliferative properties of lanreotide autogel (LAN) in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NENs) were demonstrated in the CLARINET study. However, there is limited literature regarding factors that affect progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with GEP NENs treated with LAN.

Methods
We identified a total of 191 treatment-naive patients with advanced GEP NENs and positive SSTR uptake on imaging (Octreoscan or 68Gallium DOTATATE Positron Emission Tomography [68GaPET]) who received first-line LAN monotherapy, albeit at various starting doses (60, 90 or 120 mg/month). A group of 102 patients who initiated treatment at the standard dose of 120 mg/month were included in the study and further evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses to identify predictors of PFS.

Results
The location of tumour primary was in the small bowel in 63 (62%), pancreas in 31 (30%) and colon/rectum in 8 patients (8%). The tumours were well-differentiated, and the majority were grade 1 (52%), or 2 (38%). About 60% of cases had progressive disease at the time of treatment initiation. Most patients with available pretreatment nuclear medicine imaging (Octreoscan or 68Ga PET) had a Krenning score of 3 (44%) or 4 (50%). The median PFS for the entire cohort was 19 months (95% CI 12, 26 months). The univariate analysis demonstrated that grade 2 tumours, progressive disease at baseline and metastatic liver disease were associated with a significantly shorter PFS, while other evaluated variables did not affect PFS at a statistically significant level. However, at multivariate analysis only the tumour grade remained statistically significant.

Conclusions
The current study showed that, of many evaluated variables, only the tumour grade was predictive of PFS duration and this should be considered during patient selection for treatment.
Early postoperative HPA-axis testing after pituitary tumor surgery: reliability and safety of basal cortisol and CRH test
Authors: de Vries Friso , Lobatto Daniel J. , Bakker Leontine E. H. , van Furth Wouter R. , Biermasz Nienke R. , Pereira Alberto M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the reliability and safety of a postsurgical evaluation strategy of adrenal function using CRH stimulation and basal cortisol concentrations after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery from 2010 to 2017, in whom early postoperative basal cortisol and/or CRH-stimulated cortisol secretion were available, including confirmation of adrenal function during follow-up. Patients with Cushing’s disease were excluded. Optimal test performances were assessed using ROC analysis.

Results
A total of 156 patients were included. Sensitivity and specificity of the CRH test were 78% and 90%, respectively, and 86% and 92% for basal cortisol, respectively, using an optimal cutoff of 220 nmol/L. Eight patients had false-negative test results with the CRH test (normal test but adrenal insufficient at follow-up), and six patients with basal cortisol, the majority of which had multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and fluid imbalances. No clinical adverse events occurred in patients with false-negative test results. The diagnostic performance of a single basal cortisol measurement was superior to the CRH test.

Conclusions
The early postoperative basal cortisol is a safe and simple measurement to guide (dis)continuation of hydrocortisone replacement. However, disturbing factors, e.g., sodium balance disorders, contraceptives, untreated hypopituitarism, and illness impact the interpretation and in those cases this measure is unreliable. We propose an algorithm in which hydrocortisone replacement at discharge is based on basal cortisol <220 nmol/L on postoperative day 2 or 3 in a stable condition.
Inertia Controlled Capillary Pressure at the Juncture between Converging and Uniform Channels
Authors: Rabbani Harris Sajjad , Seers Thomas Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this research, we reveal the transient behavior of capillary pressure as the fluid-fluid interface travels across the juncture between a converging and uniform capillary, via high-resolution CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. Simulations were performed at different wetting conditions (strong-wet and intermediate-wet) and capillary wall convergence angles. Our results demonstrate that as the angle of convergence increases, capillary pressure at the junction decreases commensurately. Moreover, in contrast to strong-wet conditions, the profile of capillary pressure at the converging-uniform capillary juncture under intermediate-wet conditions is highly non-monotonic, being characterized by a parabola-like form. This non-monotonic behavior is a manifestation of strong inertial forces governing dynamic fluid-fluid interface morphology. This yields conditions that promote the advancement of the fluid-fluid interface, as inertial forces partially nullify the capillary pressure required for the immiscible interface to enter the uniform capillary. In addition to numerical analysis detailed above, a novel theoretical stability criteria that is capable of distinguishing between stable (capillary dominated) and unstable (inertia dominated) interfacial regimes at the converging-uniform capillary juncture is also proposed. In summary, this fundamental study offers new insights into the interface invasion protocol, and paves the way for the re-evaluation of capillary junction controlled interfacial dynamics.
Voluntary Generation of Hyperchaotic Visuo-Motor Patterns
Authors: Wilson Hugh R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnpredictable escape behaviour is an integral part of the repertoire of many prey species. Many social species, including humans, also employ unpredictability to enhance their chances of success in social interactions with conspecifics. However, it is unclear what mechanisms provide the behavioural and neural bases of this unpredictability, which might result either from randomness or from chaotic dynamics. A novel paradigm described here demonstrates that unpredictable behaviour generated voluntarily in a simple visuomotor task represents high dimensional chaos, or hyperchaos, but not randomness. The exponential decay of predictability was also shown to be longer in older adults. As chaos has been observed among cortical neurons, this provides a plausible neural basis for hyperchaos. These results thus provide evidence that voluntary unpredictable behaviour can result from neural hyperchaos. This work has implications for the study of autism, aftereffects of concussions, early dementia, and the concept of free will.
Consensus without focus
Authors: Edy Jill A. , Meirick Patrick C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Generating public consensus on issue priorities is one of the most important functions of news agenda setting. However, the nature of that consensus is not well understood. Agenda setting might build a public consensus focused on a limited set of priorities, but it also has potential to build a consensus that broadens the public’s issue agenda by generating shared concerns about problems beyond the bounds of personal experience. Evidence shows that from 1968–2010, broadcast news’ agenda-setting effect tended to broaden the public agenda rather than focus it. This tendency of news agenda setting to broaden the public agenda is not affected by the news agenda’s breadth or by which issues dominate the news, although issue-level agenda setting effects may, under some circumstances, focus the public agenda. If broadcast news does not focus the public agenda, it is unlikely a focused agenda will be generated by a more fragmented media ecology.
High temperature susceptibility of sexual reproduction in crop plants
Authors: Lohani Neeta , Singh Mohan B , Bhalla Prem L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Climate change-induced increases in the frequency of extreme weather events, particularly heatwaves, are a serious threat to crop productivity. The productivity of grain crops is dependent on the success of sexual reproduction, which is very sensitive to heat stress. Male gametophyte development has been identified as the most heat-vulnerable stage. This review outlines the susceptibility of the various stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants from the time of floral transition to double fertilization. We summarize current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning the heat stress-induced aberrations and abnormalities at flowering, male reproductive development, female reproductive development, and fertilization. We highlight the stage-specific bottlenecks in sexual reproduction, which regulate seed set and final yields under high-temperature conditions, together with the outstanding research questions concerning genotypic and species-specific differences in thermotolerance observed in crops. This knowledge is essential for trait selection and genetic modification strategies for the development of heat-tolerant genotypes and high-temperature-resilient crops.
Explicit Dialogue About the Purpose of Hospital Admission Is Essential: How Different Perspectives Affect Teamwork, Trust, and Patient Care
Authors: Baranova Katherina , Torti Jacqueline , Goldszmidt Mark 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The authors previously found that attending physicians conceptualize hospital admission purpose according to 3 perspectives: one focused dominantly on discharge, one on monitoring and managing chronic conditions, and one on optimizing overall patient health. Given implications of varying perspectives for patient care and team collaboration, this study explored how purpose of admission is negotiated and enacted within clinical teaching teams.

Method
Direct observations and field interviews took place in 2 internal medicine teaching units at 2 teaching hospitals in Ontario, Canada, in summer 2017. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to inform data collection and analysis.

Results
The 54 participants included attendings, residents, and medical students. Management decisions were identified across 185 patients. Attendings and senior medical residents (second- and third-year residents) were each observed to enact one dominant perspective, while junior trainees (first-year residents and students) appeared less fixed in their perspectives. Teams were not observed discussing purpose of admission explicitly; however, differing perspectives were present and enacted. These differences became most noticeable when at the extremes (discharge focused vs optimization focused) or between senior medical residents and attendings. Attendings implicitly signaled and enforced their perspectives, using authority to shut down and redirect discussion. Trainees’ maneuvers for enacting their perspectives ranged from direct advocacy to covert manipulation (passive avoidance/forgetting and delaying until attending changeover).

Conclusions
Failing to negotiate and explicitly label perspectives on purpose of admission may lead to attendings and senior medical residents working at cross-purposes and to trainees participating in covert maneuvers, potentially affecting trust and professional identify development.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Epstein-Barr virus, Multiple Sclerosis, and other risk factors
Authors: Jacobs Benjamin M , Giovannoni Gavin , Cuzick Jack , Dobson Ruth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEBV infection is thought to play a central role in the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). If causal, it represents a target for interventions to reduce MS risk.ObjectiveTo examine the evidence for interaction between EBV and other risk factors, and explore mechanisms via which EBV infection may influence MS risk.MethodsPubmed was searched using the terms “multiple sclerosis” AND “Epstein Barr virus”, “multiple sclerosis” AND EBV, “clinically isolated syndrome” AND “Epstein Barr virus” and “clinically isolated syndrome” AND EBV. All abstracts were reviewed for possible inclusion.Results262 full-text papers were reviewed. There was evidence of interaction on the additive scale between anti-EBV antibody titre and HLA genotype (AP 0.48, p<1×10−4; RERI 3.84, p<5×10−3; S 1.68, p=0.06). Previous IM was associated with increased OR of MS in HLA-DRB1*1501 positive but not HLA-DRB1*1501 negative persons. Smoking was associated with a greater risk of MS in those with high anti-EBV antibodies (OR 2.76) but not low anti-EBV antibodies (OR 1.16). No interaction between EBV and risk factors was found on a multiplicative scale.ConclusionsEBV appears to interact with at least some established MS risk factors. The mechanism via which EBV influences MS risk remains unknown.
Proposal of a taxonomic nomenclature for theBacillus cereusgroup which reconciles genomic definitions of bacterial species with clinical and industrial phenotypes
Authors: Carroll Laura M. , Wiedmann Martin , Kovac Jasna 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTTheBacillus cereusgroup comprises numerous closely related species, including bioterrorism agentB. anthracis,foodborne pathogenB. cereus, and biopescticideB. thuringiensis. Differentiating organisms capable of causing illness or death from those used in industry is essential for risk assessment and outbreak preparedness. However, current species definitions facilitate species-phenotype incongruencies, particularly when horizontally acquired genes are responsible for a phenotype. Using all publicly availableB. cereusgroup genomes (n= 2,231), we show that current genomospecies definitions lead to overlapping species clusters, and that an average nucleotide identity (ANI) genomospecies threshold of ≈92.5 reflects a natural gap in core genome similarity. We propose a taxonomy for theB. cereusgroup which accounts for (i) genomospecies using separable species clusters formed at a threshold of ≈92.5 ANI, and (ii) phenotypes relevant to public health and industry. We anticipate that the proposed nomenclature will remain interpretable to clinicians, without sacrificing genomic species definitions, which can in turn aid in pathogen surveillance, early detection of emerging, high-risk genotypes, and outbreak preparedness. Furthermore, the nomenclatural framework outlined here serves as a model for genomics-based bacterial taxonomy which moves beyond arbitrarily set genomospecies thresholds, while maintaining congruence with phenotypes and historically important species names.