bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching Caring to Nursing Students
Authors: Simonson Carol L S 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
This article reports on phenomenological research designed to discover how caring was taught in a nursing education program. The basic questions were: 1) What is the meaning of caring to the faculty and students; 2) How do the faculty communicate this meaning to the students; and 3) How does this meaning shape the experience of the students? Data were collected from a small associate degree nursing program using: a) semi-structured interviews with all faculty and a selected group of students, b) classroom observations, and c) review of documents. Data were analyzed for and found to have content explaining the meaning of caring, how caring was being taught, and what students were learning about caring as the essence of nursing. Implications derived speak to the need for faculty and administrators to have caring as a way of being if they wish to communicate caring as the essence of nursing to students.
Apontamentos sobre educação de bebês e de crianças pequenas
Authors: Tunes Elizabeth , Prestes Zoia 
Published: October 2019

No presente artigo, tomando por fundamento ideias e conceitos da psicologia histórico-cultural de Lev Semionovitch Vigotski, especialmente no campo da pedologia - ciência do desenvolvimento sistemático da criança, tecem-se algumas reflexões sobre educação e cuidados com bebês e crianças até os três anos de idade. São apontadas características importantes da consciência da criança bem pequena; em seguida, enunciam-se seus direitos e indica-se a necessidade de políticas mais vigorosas visando à sua garantia. Além disso, defende-se a importância de implementação de outros tipos de políticas públicas, além de creches, para a proteção da maternidade e da infância.Palavras-chave: Vigotski. Pedologia. Educação de bebês e crianças pequenas.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy in Primary Molars: An in vitro Study
Authors: Joshi Neelam , Poonacha KS , Bargale Seema , Naik Kishan , Mehta Dimple 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Endodontic treatment requires knowledge of root canal morphology and its commonly occurring variation. The utility and relevance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to the practice of endodontics is reported with increasing frequency in the field of endodontics for successful procedures. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to assess the variation in number and morphology of the root canals of primary molars.

Materials and methods
Extracted primary molars with at least two-thirds of intact root, and 7 to 12 mm length were cleaned in water and stored in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 week. Thereafter, the anatomy of the root canals of these primary molars was assessed through CBCT.

Results
In the present study, the majority of canals were ribbon shaped. Accessory canals were few and maximum number was found to be present in mesiobuccal root of maxillary first molar and the least in mesiobuccal root of mandibular second molar.

Conclusion
The CBCT proved to be as accurate as the gold standard in studying the presence of accessory canals with clinical applicability. This study highlights the usefulness of CBCT imaging for accurate diagnosis of the unusual canal morphology.

How to cite this article
Joshi N, Deshpande A, Poonacha KS, Bargale S, Naik K, Mehta D﻿﻿﻿﻿. Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Root Canal Anatomy in Primary Molars: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):15-19.
Circummandibular Wiring: A Treatment Approach toward Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children
Authors: Singh Swati , Kumar Navin , Kumar Arvind , Syreen Shaguta 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the repercussions of facial trauma on subsequent growth and the aftermath of the various methods of treating pediatric facial fractures is not something that those who treat adults have to take into account. Young bone possesses unique physical properties that coupled with the space-occupying developing dentition give rise to patterns of fracture not seen in adults. This results in a need for different forms of fixation for shorter periods of time. This case report documents trauma and follow-up care of a 4-year-old patient with mandibular fracture.How to cite this articleKumar N, Kumar A, Syreen S, Singh S. Circummandibular Wiring: A Treatment Approach toward Management of Mandibular Fracture in Children. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):37-39.
Rehabilitation of Lower Anteriors with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Barot Varshal J 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is the most common, destructive, inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of the teeth in humans, with profound effects on general health. Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) comprises a rare group of population, a rapidly progressing form of periodontitis, characterized by severe destruction of periodontal attachment apparatus and tooth loss at an early age. Considering the psychological problems that these patients have faced during the early stages of their life, the main aim of treatment is to achieve functional, esthetic, and phonetic rehabilitation. Dental implant is a widely used treatment option that provides functional and esthetic resolution. Implant placement in patients with a history of AgP might be considered a viable option to restore oral function; however, the risk for implant failure is significantly higher.
This report presents rehabilitation of lower anteriors with implant therapy in a 24-year-old systemically healthy male with history of localized AgP, who had previously received complete periodontal therapy for periodontal stabilization.
How to cite this article
Barot VJ. Rehabilitation of Lower Anteriors with Implant Therapy in Localized Aggressive Periodontitis. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):40-44.
Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Garg Sandeep , Bharti Rama , Jindal Govind , Kaur Supreet , Goyal Mehak , Pragati Gupta 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disorder with complete penetrance and extreme variable expressivity. It is characterized by multiple odontogenic keratocysts and basal cell carcinomas; skeletal, dental, ophthalmic, and neurological abnormalities; intracranial ectopic calcifications of the falx cerebri, and facial dysmorphism. Due to importance of oral maxillofacial manifestations of this syndrome, it is important to know its characteristics in order to make diagnosis and to provide an early preventive treatment.
The purpose of this article is to present a report of two cases who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with features of Gorlin–Goltz syndrome in association with multiple odontogenic keratocysts in the maxillofacial region.
How to cite this article
Bharti R, Jindal G, Garg S, Kaur S, Goyal M, Gupta P. Gorlin–Goltz Syndrome: Report of Two Cases. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):49-54.
Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Can We eradicate?
Authors: Munshi Sujal , Munshi Atul 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia. Most of the anemic patients, especially women, suffer from mild to severe deficiency of iron. Almost 50% of all pregnant women experience IDA during their pregnancies, and at least 1 out of 5 of girls and women may experience it during their reproductive years. One complete eradication of IDA is not feasible but a try can help us on a long way. Only supplementation is not the answer. Going to the root cause, finding out current situation and managing accordingly by available resources is the correct answer.

How to cite this article
Munshi A, Munshi S. Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Can We eradicate? World J Anemia 2017;1(2):36-39.
Interações coloniais no Mediterrâneo global da Idade do Ferro
Authors: Hodos Tamar 
Published: October 2019

A aplicação da teoria da globalização em contextos coloniais enfatizou, nos últimos anos, articulações entre colonizados e colonizadores. Para o Mediterrâneo na Idade do Ferro, o foco tem sido as expressões de identidades locais (colonizadas) e as variabilidades regionais de gregos e fenícios do além-mar. Qualquer atenção às interações que gregos e fenícios tiveram entre si durante esse tempo tem sido usada apenas para contrapor o enquadramento dos argumentos. O presente estudo examina o pano de fundo dessa circunstância tratando especificamente das interações entre tais culturas globais em escala mediterrânica durante o período de suas fundações ultramarinas. Vistos de um enquadramento global, os conjuntos de práticas em comum e de corpos de saberes compartilhados revelam uma profunda complexidade de contato intercultural durante a Idade do Ferro, lembrando-nos que as culturas nunca devem ser consideradas isoladamente.
Shifting tax burden to top income earners: what is the best way to reduce inequality?
Authors: Onrubia Jorge , Picos Fidel , Rodado María del Carmen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The authors analyze to what extent and how the tax burden should be shifted towards top income earners in order to reduce income inequality. Starting from Lambert and Aronson (Inequality decomposition analysis and the Gini coefficient revisited 1993) and Alvaredo (A note on the relationship between top income shares and the Gini coefficient 2011) decomposition by income groups, they prove that for three types of revenue-neutral linear personal income tax reforms (PIT) based on Pfähler (1984) the redistributive effect is always higher than before the reform; and when the size of the rich group is sufficiently small (e.g. 1%), the best option is allocating tax changes proportionally to net income, and the worst doing it proportionally to tax liabilities. An empirical illustration of the theoretical results is provided using micro data from the Spanish PIT.
The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in gigantomastia
Authors: Kasielska-Trojan Anna , Danilewicz Marian , Strużyna Jerzy , Bugaj Magdalena , Antoszewski Bogusław 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionGigantomastia is a rare condition characterised by excessive breast growth. The pathophysiology of mammary enlargement varies depending on the type of gigantomastia: gestational, juvenile virginal, or idiopathic. The study aimed at examining the receptor status (oestrogen receptor alpha [ERα] and progesterone receptor [PR]) of breast tissue in adult women with juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia.Material and methodsThe study involved 70 women who underwent breast reduction due to juvenile or idiopathic gigantomastia. Control breast specimens were obtained from 18 female cadavers. ERα and PR expressions were detected immunohistochemically in breast gland samples.ResultsCategorised and uncategorised ERα and PR expression did not differ between women with gigantomastia and control women. It was found that in both groups weak (0–30%) ERα and PR expression was the most common. Analysis of categorised data also did not reveal any significant correlations between ERα or PR and the women’s age: for the whole group: p = 0.795 (ERα), p = 0.207 (PR), for women with gigantomastia: p = 0.934 (ERα), p = 0.43 (PR), and for control women: p = 0.638 (ERα), p = 0.805 (PR).ConclusionsGigantomastia is not caused by increased expression of ERα and PR. Analysing abnormal sensitivity of these receptors to hormones may be crucial in establishing the increased risk of breast cancer in women with gigantomastia.
IFN-γ +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism and risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Areeshi Mohammed , Mandal Raju , Dar Sajad , Jawed Arshad , Wahid Mohd , Lohani Mohtashim , Panda Aditya , Mishra B. , Akhter Naseem , Haque Shafiul 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) +874 A>T (rs2430561) gene polymorphism has been evaluated in different ethnicities with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection, and inconsistent results have been reported. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to determine the precise association between IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism and PTB susceptibility.Material and methodsA total of 21 studies comprising 4281 confirmed PTB cases and 5186 healthy controls were included in this meta-analysis by searching the PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar web-databases.ResultsWe observed reduced risk of PTB in allelic contrast (T vs. A: p = 0.001; OR = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.723–0.926), homozygous (TT vs. AA: p = 0.017; OR = 0.715, 95% CI: 0.543–0.941), heterozygous (AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.667–0.917), dominant (TT+AT vs. AA: p = 0.002; OR = 0.768, 95% CI: 0.652–0.906), and recessive (TT vs. AA+AT: p = 0.042; OR = 0.802, 95% CI: 0.649–0.992) genetic models. In ethnicity-wise subgroup analysis, reduced risk of PTB was found in the Caucasian population. However, we did not find an association with any of the genetic models in the Asian population.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the IFN-γ +874 A>T gene polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced risk of PTB, showing a protective effect in the overall and in the Caucasian population. However, this polymorphism is not associated with PTB risk in the Asian population.
Sarcopenia is associated with increased severe postoperative complications after colon cancer surgery
Authors: Olmez Tolga , Karakose Erdal , Bozkurt Hilmi , Pence Halime , Gulmez Selcuk , Aray Emre , Bulut Can , Sert Ozlem , Polat Erdal , Duman Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionStudies have shown that sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing surgery. We aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative complications of sarcopenic patients who had been operated on for colon cancer and the effects on short-term mortality.Material and methodsIn this study, patients who had undergone colon cancer surgery between January 2013 and December 2018 were collected retrospectively. Sarcopenia was diagnosed by the skeletal muscle index (SMI) derived from a preoperative computed tomography scan. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether sarcopenia is associated with postoperative major complications (POMC).ResultsThe study included 160 patients with a mean age of 62.4 ±12.6 years. Clavien-Dindo grade 1–2 (minor) complications were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.896). However, grade ≥ 3 (major) complications were detected in 13 (17.8%) patients in the sarcopenic group (SG) and in 5 patients in the non-sarcopenic group (NSG) (5.7%) (p = 0.016). Length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay was longer in SG (p = 0.002) and there was no difference between 1-month and 6-month mortality rates (p = 0.273 and p = 0.402, respectively). According to univariate analyses, sarcopenia and age over 65 years were related to POMC. In multivariate analyses, sarcopenia (odds ratio = 3.039; 95% confidence interval 1.008–9.174; p = 0.048) and advanced age (odds ratio = 3.246; 95% confidence interval 1.078–9.803; p = 0.036) were found to be independent risk factors for POMC.ConclusionsThis study showed that while sarcopenia is a risk factor for POMC, sarcopenia also prolongs the duration of ICU stay. Also sarcopenia has no effect on short-term mortality.
Internalizing and externalizing behaviors in chronically ill adolescents in the context of family system functioning
Authors: Trawicka Agnieszka , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Bogdanowicz Marta , Woźniak-Mielczarek Lidia , Janikowska-Hołoweńko Dorota , Bilicka-Siewert Magdalena 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundDiagnosis of chronic illness, which constitutes a life-threatening situation such as in Marfan syndrome or dis-ease with periods of remission and severity such as in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), leads to problems with the functioning of the adolescent and the whole family system. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine the differences in severity of internalizing and externalizing problems and in the perception of the family sys-tem between adolescents with Marfan syndrome, with JIA, and without chronic disease, as well as to determine whether characteristics of the family system are associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors in those groups.Participants and procedureThe study involved three groups of adolescents: 1) with Marfan syndrome (n = 25), 2) with JIA (n = 29), and 3) without chronic illness (n = 20). We used the adolescent version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Family Assessment Scale.ResultsOur results indicated that adolescents with Marfan syndrome have similar scores compared to adolescents without illness on all subscales concerning both internalizing and externalizing behaviors, as well as the family system’s characteristics. Compared to adolescents with JIA, adolescents with Marfan syndrome had lower scores on externalization symptoms and Attention Problems and they also perceive their families as less bal-anced. Additionally, in the perception of adolescents with Marfan syndrome and with JIA the weaker the family bond, the stronger the intensity of externalizing behaviors.ConclusionsAlthough in the light of our novel research, adolescents with Marfan syndrome do not present behavioral prob-lems different from healthy peers, it is worth continuing such research in order to verify the results. Adolescents with JIA present more externalizing behaviors than peers without chronic illness, which is consistent with some previous research. Research on families of an adolescent child with Marfan and JIA are quite novel and they should be continued.
Lithuanian State Border Guard Service officers’ traumatic experiences and their psychological counselling needs and attitudes
Authors: Argustaitė-Zailskienė Gita , Digrytė Laura , Žemaitienė Nida 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundState Border Guards (SBGs) are an under-researched group in law enforcement. Their role involves exposure to threats and actual traumatic events. This study is designed to assess the nature of SBGs’ traumatic experi-ences, their perceptions of their need for psychological counselling and their attitudes towards counselling.Participants and procedure168 Lithuanian State Border Guard Service (SBGS) officers were surveyed, using the following tools: a modi-fied form of the Life Events Checklist (LEC), six questions to assess the need and attitudes towards psychologi-cal counselling, and socio-demographic variables.Results72.6% of the sample reported direct exposure to at least one type of traumatic event, 73.2% reported indirect exposure, and 64.3% reported exposure to trauma at work during the previous 5 years. Those who experienced more different types of direct traumatic events are more inclined to feel uneasy if their colleagues knew about them needing psychological help, more willing to look for help outside of their current employer, more likely to think that their boss might fire them if their need for psychological help became known, and less likely to think that psychological help at work is easily accessible.ConclusionsSBGS officers with more extensive direct traumatic event exposure exhibit more negative attitudes towards psychological counselling than their less traumatized counterparts.
MRI-derived markers for predicting a decline in renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Banach-Ambroziak Ewa , Jankowska Magdalena , Grzywińska Małgorzata , Pieńkowska Joanna , Szurowska Edyta 
Published: October 2019

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) constitutes the fourth cause of end-stage renal disease in Europe. The course of the disease varies widely among patients with ADPKD. Due to the emergence of new possibilities of pharmacotherapy, it has become crucial to identify the group of patients with the fastest rate and risk of disease progression. This particular group of patients will benefit most from the therapy and they are the best candidates for clinical trials. At the early stages of ADPKD typical markers of severity and progression of the disease remain unchanged in contrast to the kidney volume, which increases continuously in an exponential way. Therefore, the use of height-adjusted total kidney volume as a biomarker should become a mandatory diagnostic option. Also, quantitative MRI techniques are promising biomarkers for the evaluation of disease severity and could provide additional insights into its course.
Impact of frontal ablation on the ice thickness estimation of marine-terminating glaciers in Alaska
Authors: Recinos Beatriz , Maussion Fabien , Rothenpieler Timo , Marzeion Ben 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Frontal ablation is a major component of the mass budget of calving glaciers, strongly affecting their dynamics.
Most global-scale ice volume estimates to date still suffer from considerable uncertainties related to (i) the implemented frontal ablation parameterization or (ii) not accounting for frontal ablation at all in the glacier model. To improve estimates of the ice thickness distribution of glaciers, it is thus important to identify and test low-cost and robust parameterizations of this process. By implementing such parameterization into the ice thickness estimation module of the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM v1.1.2), we conduct a first assessment of the impact of accounting for frontal ablation on the estimate of ice stored in glaciers in Alaska.
We find that inversion methods based on mass conservation systematically underestimate the mass turnover and, therefore, the thickness of tidewater glaciers when neglecting frontal ablation. This underestimation can amount to up to 19 % on a regional scale and up to 30 % for individual glaciers. The effect is independent of the size of the glacier.
Additionally, we perform different sensitivity experiments to study the influence of (i) a constant of proportionality (k) used in the frontal ablation parameterization, (ii) Glen's temperature-dependent creep parameter (A) and (iii) a sliding velocity parameter (fs) on the regional dynamics of Alaska tidewater glaciers. OGGM is able to reproduce previous regional frontal ablation estimates, applying a number of combinations of values for k, Glen's A and fs.
Our sensitivity studies also show that differences in thickness between accounting for and not accounting for frontal ablation occur mainly at the lower parts of the glacier, both above and below sea level. This indicates that not accounting for frontal ablation will have an impact on the estimate of the glaciers' potential contribution to sea-level rise. Introducing frontal ablation increases the volume estimate of Alaska marine-terminating glaciers from 9.18±0.62 to 10.61±0.75 mm s.l.e, of which 1.52±0.31 mm s.l.e (0.59±0.08 mm s.l.e when ignoring frontal ablation) are found to be below sea level.