bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrino mass bounds from DESI 2024 are relaxed by Planck PR4 and cosmological supernovae
Authors: Allali Itamar J. , Notari Alessio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The recent DESI 2024 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements combined with the CMB data from the Planck 18 PR3 dataset and the Planck PR4+ACT DR6 lensing data, with a prior on the sum of the neutrino masses ∑ m

ν
> 0, leads to a strong constraint, ∑ m

ν
< 0.072 eV, which would exclude the inverted neutrino hierarchy and put some tension on even the standard hierarchy. We show that actually this bound gets significantly relaxed when combining the new DESI measurements with the HiLLiPoP + LoLLiPoP likelihoods, based on the Planck 2020 PR4 dataset, and with supernovae datasets. We note that the fact that neutrino masses are pushed towards zero, and even towards negative values, is known to be correlated with the so-called A

L
tension, a mismatch between lensing and power spectrum measurements in the Planck PR3 data, which is
reduced by HiLLiPoP + LoLLiPoP to less than 1σ. We find ∑ m

ν
< 0.1 eV and ∑ m

ν
< 0.12 eV, with the supernovae Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR datasets respectively. The shift caused by these datasets
is more compatible with the expectations from neutrino oscillation experiments, and both the normal and inverted hierarchy scenarios remain now viable, even with the ∑ m

ν
> 0 prior. Finally, we analyze neutrino mass bounds in an extension of ΛCDM that addresses the H
0 tension, with extra fluid Dark Radiation, finding that in such models bounds are further relaxed and
the posterior probability for ∑ m

ν
begins to exhibit a peak at positive values.
Decoding continuous motion trajectories of upper limb from EEG signals based on feature selection and nonlinear methods
Authors: Li Shurui , Tian Miao , Xu Ren , Cichocki Andrzej , Jin Jing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective. Brain–computer interface (BCI) system has emerged as a promising technology that provides direct communication and control between the human brain and external devices. Among the various applications of BCI, limb motion decoding has gained significant attention due to its potential for patients with motor impairment to regain independence and improve their quality of life. However, the reconstruction of continuous motion trajectories in BCI systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains a challenge in practical life. Approach. This study investigates the feasibility of applying feature selection and nonlinear regression for decoding motion trajectory from EEG. We propose to fix the time window, select the optimal feature set, and reconstruct the motion trajectory of motor execution tasks using polynomial regression. The proposed approach is validated on a public dataset consisting of EEG and hand position data recorded from 15 subjects. Several methods including ridge regression and multiple linear regression are employed as comparisons. Main results. The cross-validation results show that the proposed reconstructed method has the highest correlation with actual motion trajectories, with an average value of 0.511 ± 0.019 (

p

< 0.05). Significance. This finding demonstrates the great potential of our approach for real-world motor kinematics BCI applications.
Charity and the Formation of Spiritual Judgment
Authors: Teubner Jonathan D 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 focuses on Augustine as expositor of Scripture, with special attention paid to his self-presentation in the Confessions. By looking at Augustine as reader of Scripture, one can decipher the first image of Augustinian solidarity. This chapter argues that Augustine is attempting to bring about in his congregation a form of unity that they can plausibly inhabit in this world. The thread that is running through the Confessions is the persistence of something outside the individual or community that challenges any pre-existing or received conception of the good one might have. The consequence of taking on Scripture’s ratio is not simply some intellectual or affective transformation: it brings forth a community held in solidarity by acts of love. The chapter examines closely the way this can be seen in Confessions 13.
Access
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
That novel technologies enabling gestation introduce new procreative possibilities concerning how human entities are brought into being, and this inevitably raises questions about who could and should have access to these technologies. Chapter 4 first considers the claims made by some scholars that the right to procreate (both in a moral and legal sense) should encompass the liberty to make decisions about gestation, and concludes that neither such a moral nor legal right exists—but more importantly, even if it did it, it would not be absolute. The better way to approach questions of access, therefore, is not to dwell on the matter of a ‘right to gestation’ but instead consider how we should afford access to technologies enabling gestation appropriately bearing in mind the importance of equality of opportunity and the harms of stratified procreation. Existing social, legal, and clinical regulation of procreative technologies has been centred around notions of the ‘biological’ and the ‘natural’ and as such they are structured by and re-embed these notions reinforcing conservative values in procreative regulation. This construction is likely to have structural impacts on the choices individuals seek to make about gestation—both in terms of the choices they want to make and that they can make.
William Ewart Gladstone
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The leading statesman of nineteenth-century Britain, a figure who bestrode the political world like a Colossus, is ‘Gladstone’ to modern biographers. In order to signal the difference between Wheeler’s approach and those of earlier biographers, the subject of this book is known as ‘William’, his baptismal name. His autobiographical fragments of 1892 included a disclaimer: ‘I do not indeed intend in these notes to give a history of the inner life, which I think has with me been extraordinarily dubious, vacillating, and (above all) complex.’ This book is about the spiritual dimension of his complex inner life. In tracing the movements of his heart and soul, the book works from the inner to the outer aspects of a rich and varied life, from William’s daily disciplines of prayer and reflection to his earnest attempts to follow the precepts of Christianity through action in the public realm and in private philanthropy, and in the writing of numerous reviews, articles, and books. He remained an independent intellectual, eschewing party labels within the Church of England and working out his own stance in relation to specific Liberal Party policies in politics. He was as much a man of letters as he was a politician. Later in his political career, ‘the people’s William’ appealed to public opinion through a series of national moral campaigns. His fiercest battles, however, were spiritual, as he castigated himself for falling short of the ideals set out in Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, particularly with regard to sexual desire as he sought to rescue women from a life of prostitution and became obsessed with a former courtesan. His longest crusade was against the enemy within.
Walking in the light
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The scholarly methods that William learned as a schoolboy at Eton and an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford, stayed with him for life. They included writing lengthy essays and memoranda on a wide range of subjects, inside and outside the syllabus, in order to understand them and to clarify his own ideas. He also recorded the activities of each day in a series of small notebooks which were usually marked ‘private’—the famous diaries. This chapter examines William’s family life and evangelical spiritual formation, and his ‘fellowship’ with like-minded peers at school and university, as he wrestled with an acute sense of ‘black sin’ and considered the possibility of ordination.
Many mansions
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The death of George Canning in 1827, and a series of bereavements in the Gladstone family between the late 1820s and early 1850s, were important landmarks in William’s spiritual life. This chapter examines his accounts of the deaths of his sister Anne in 1829, his mother in 1835, his little daughter Jessy in 1850, and his aged father in 1851. For William, the hope of future blessedness for the faithful was grounded in the bible, the psalter, and à Kempis’s Imitation of Christ, and was bound up with his deepening sense of the sacrament of the eucharist as spiritual food. Of the two leading ideas of the nature of heaven in the nineteenth century—as a place of continual worship or as a home, the site of reunion—it was the latter which sustained William in his hour of need.
Lead, Kindly Light
Authors: Wheeler Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the last phase of William’s spiritual life, when he formed his fourth and final administration. He avoided writing a spiritual autobiography, but took a close interest in the biographies of former friends and colleagues. He also reflected upon death and the future life, particularly in his published work on Bishop Butler. He spoke in public on the Armenian massacres when he was physically frail. Armenian associations with St Deiniol’s Church, Hawarden, were carried over into his state funeral in Westminster Abbey in 1898, when the hymns represented several strands of Christian tradition. A short coda on William’s memorialization argues that his story turns upon a series of collisions between the real and the ideal: between the political fixer and the lone crusader on the side of the oppressed; between the reformer who embraced modernity and the conservative upholder of tradition in church and state; between the ‘adulterer in the heart’ of Soho and the ‘distinguished parishioner’ of Hawarden.
What is this Book About?
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The first chapter is both an introduction to and a summary of the book’s primary thesis. It scrutinizes the occurrence of supplier-induced demand within professional services, presenting a theoretical framework for its rise and persistence. According to this framework, supplier-induced demand is cultivated by three interlinked factors: market conditions that enable it, the guiding institutional logic, and failures in the learning cycles of both buyers and sellers. As the service economy has evolved, advancements in knowledge-intensive labor have increased uncertainty for buyers, driving them to seek specialized expertise that can inadvertently grant suppliers disproportionate influence. Moreover, the rising commercial institutional logic conflated professional identity with the selling of services, often without recognizing the potential harm this may cause to clients. Empirical evidence supports the existence and significant ramifications of supplier-induced demand in circumstances characterized by pronounced uncertainty and close proximity between buyers and sellers.
The Imperfect Agents
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Complementing uncertainty and supplier power, a final precondition for the emergence of supplier-induced demand is a supplier’s “imperfect agency.” Imperfect agency arises when suppliers simultaneously act as agents and sellers. As agents, professionals diagnose the needs, problems, and opportunities faced by consumers. As sellers, they offer goods or services to address these needs directly to the same consumers. The prevailing belief in both academic discourse and practice is that imperfect agency drives supplier-induced demand through conflicts of interest and misaligned incentives. This implies that professionals deliberately pursue personal gain at the expense of the client. However, in this chapter, I caution against oversimplifying the role of incentive conflicts, particularly in professional services. Much of the work in professional services is grounded in embedded relationships between clients and service providers, characterized by increased trust and reduced opportunism. Therefore, imperfect agency should not be conflated with the professionals’ motivation for supplier-induced demand.
The Change in Professionals’ Identity
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ascendance of commercial logic in professional services has altered professionals’ identities by tying the value of being a professional to various productivity metrics. This shift has been supported by changes in hiring, development, and evaluation practices, as well as formal management and informal cultural practices. Commercial logic started to regulate behavior, leading professionals to equate feelings of success and value with strong performances on financial metrics and sales. In professional services, where professionals’ work value and personal success are closely intertwined, their professional and personal success became linked to the quantity of work completed, utilization rates, generated business, or the caliber of clients served. Notably, professionals’ ability to bring in new business became equivalent to serving clients, disrupting the status quo, and improving organizations. This shift insidiously equated doing work for clients with creating value and doing more work with creating more value.
Evidence From Intellectual Property Litigation
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents evidence supporting the strong form of supplier-induced demand in intellectual property litigation. Specifically, it highlights a shift in the locus of control for service consumption from buyers to geographically proximate sellers of these services. These sellers, through their close proximity and frequent interaction with buyers, exert a palpable influence over them and induce demand. The findings indicate that companies located near law firm offices tend to initiate a greater number of lawsuits. Additionally, companies retaining closer legal counsel are more likely to engage in prolonged litigation. Importantly, the heightened consumption of litigation services in these cases does not result in legal success; instead, it is more likely to lead to legal losses, indicating a strong form of supplier-induced demand. Moreover, the emergence of supplier-induced demand is not uniform but is confined to situations characterized by particularly high levels of uncertainty regarding lawsuit outcomes.
Why Don’t the Buyers Learn?
Authors: Sytch Maxim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Organizations learn from experience. Therefore, if supplier-induced demand negatively affects buyers, organizations should gradually develop the ability to identify and avoid it. However, this does not happen in reality. The primary reason for this discrepancy lies in the systematic violation of two key conditions essential for organizational learning: having a large sample of comparable cases and receiving reliable performance feedback. These violations are particularly prevalent in the delivery and consumption of professional services due to the infrequent nature of such work and its extensive customization to suit specific clients and their unique circumstances. Further complicating matters is the inherent difficulty in measuring the outcomes of knowledge-based work, which constitutes a substantial portion of professional services output. Consequently, competing narratives emerge to explain performance, creating overall causal ambiguity for both buyers and sellers, where organizational actions are ambiguously linked to outcomes.
Mythologies Old and New
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that Friedrich Schlegel and F. W. J. Schelling build upon Schiller’s ideas in formulating the call for a “new mythology.” The chapter begins (in §2.2) with a discussion of Schelling’s early work on mythology, before turning (in §2.3) to the anonymous “Oldest System-Program of German Idealism,” which raises the idea of a “mythology of reason.” §2.4 traces earlier sources of this idea in Winckelmann, Hamann, and Herder. The remainder of the chapter demonstrates how the project of a new mythology informs Schlegel’s Dialogue on Poetry (in §§2.5–2.6) and Schelling’s System of Transcendental Idealism (in §2.7). A common thread to their work is the idea that mythology serves as a “middle link” between thought and feeling, whereby ideas of reason can acquire motivating force.
Marriages of Heaven and Hell
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to the tradition of British romanticism. §§3.2–3.3 shed light on William Blake’s effort to develop a system of symbols and stories that narrate humanity’s fall into self-fragmentation and its possible return to unity. §3.4 supports this claim by examining the main characters of Blake’s new mythology, Urizen and Los. §3.5 shows that Samuel Taylor Coleridge, despite eschewing the language of mythology, works within the framework of a new mythology in his early poetry. §3.6 extends this perspective to William Wordsworth and shows how memory plays the role of a middle link between the states of unified childhood and divided adulthood. The chapter closes (in §3.7) by tracing possible German influences on Wordsworth, focusing on his claim that poetry is “the first and last of all knowledge.”
Platonism and Mythology
Authors: Ware Owen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This Appendix shows how mythology came to be understood in the tradition of late antique Platonism, focusing on Plotinus, Porphyry, and Sallustius. This tradition reaches its peak in the work of Proclus, who argues that myths enable a symbolic representation of intelligible reality through inverted analogies. In such analogies, what is “highest” in the order of transcendental reality (as rational or beautiful) is represented through what is “lowest” in the order of sensible particulars (as irrational or ugly). The second half of this Appendix offers a brief sketch of how these Platonic approaches to mythology were received by British and German romantics, thereby demonstrating a common source from which these writers drew inspiration. The Appendix closes with a proposal of how these lines of connection from Platonism to romanticism can be developed in future research.
Federalism and Fiscal Transfers in India
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
India’s Constitution provides for a federal framework consisting of central, state, and local governments. By constitutional design, the collection of revenues is relatively more centralized while expenditure responsibilities are relatively more decentralized. In India, states differ widely in their fiscal capacities and initial conditions relating to the size and composition of the population and their relative needs. A sound system of fiscal transfers should be able to resolve both the vertical and horizontal imbalances. Under constitutional provisions, this task has been entrusted to the Finance Commission, which is constituted with an average periodicity of five years. This volume provides a critical overview of the recommendations of fifteen Finance Commissions covering the period from 1951 to date. It also provides an analysis of the theoretical foundations of fiscal transfers that would serve the objectives of equity, efficiency, and stability, and examines in this context trends in fiscal transfers in India and their shortcomings.
This volume also analyses the interdependence between fiscal transfers and fiscal sustainability and the evolution of Fiscal Responsibility legislation for the central and state governments. The second edition of the volume provides an updated review of the recommendations of the three most recent Finance Commissions, namely the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Commissions. It comments on the salient issues before the Sixteenth Finance Commission and the future of fiscal federalism in India. It emphasizes the principle and role of the equalization approach for determining inter-state sharing of resources.
Dynamics of Debt Accumulation in India
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the dynamics of debt accumulation in India for the central government, bringing out the role of primary deficit, growth rate, and interest rate in the evolution of the centre’s debt relative to the GDP. We note that the concerns have become quite serious in recent years when there has been an explosive rise in the debt-GDP ratio. The growth in the debt-GDP ratio has been very large in the years when the nominal growth rate was less than the nominal interest rate. One such phase was during 2000–3, when the growth rate was less than the effective interest rate and the debt-GDP ratio increased both because of cumulated primary deficits and excess of interest rate over growth rate. High levels of debt and interest payment liabilities put a limit on the volume of transfers that could be taken up for the states.
Slavery in the Early Mughal World
Authors: Anooshahr Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This book studies the life and thoughts of a sixteenth-century slave in India named Jawhar Aftabachi (d. after 1587), who served as the water-carrier for the Mughal Emperor Humayun (d. 1556), and chronicled his reign in a Persian text. It reconstructs his biography as a child slave who was captured by the Ottomans or its client state the Crimean Khanate in the Black Sea region and was brought to India during the Ottoman–Portuguese wars of the early sixteenth century. Jawhar’s writing lifts the veil on a hitherto unknown fact: the presence of slavery as a major social institution in early Mughal India. It also provides a rare glimpse into the rise of the early modern world from a slave’s perspective.
Introduction
Authors: Anooshahr Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The introduction lays out the problematic: Who was Jawhar and why are his life and writing worth studying? How does one go about studying him based on a few self-references in his Persian history? The best method to approach Jawhar is through microhistory which has been employed mostly for European figures in the early modern period but can now be applied to Persianate figures as well. Jawhar is important because he helps us understand slavery in early Mughal India, especially in its particular iteration as spiritual discipleship. Moreover, Jawhar’s case illuminates the rise of the alienated self especially as a result of the formation of centralized states and the collapse of kinship bonds and obligations in the sixteenth century.
State-led Development and Migrants’ Resilience in the City of the Forest
Authors: de Sant’Ana Thaís R S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
State-led initiatives to nationalize Brazilian Amazonia during the interwar period framed uncontrolled human mobility as a significant threat to state and property interests that needed to be managed. As political centralization intensified disparities and decision-making power in the region, a culture of internal-migrant resilience became stronger. By focusing on dynamics taking place in Manaus, the city of the forest, this article shows that the ability of self-driven people-on-the-move to navigate fraught environments and negotiate socioeconomic inequality was crucial not only during the economic rubber boom but also in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly throughout Amazonia’s rubber crisis.