bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discrete fracture matrix framework for simulating single-phase flow and non-isothermal reactive transport
Authors: Banshoya Shin Irgens , Berre Inga , Keilegavlen Eirik 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSimulating reactive transport in fractured porous media is computationally demanding since it requires solving physical and chemical processes that non-linearly affect each other. At the same time, the processes strongly depend on the presence of fractures. Fractures typically behave as shortcuts for flow and transport, while chemical reactions can trigger mineral dissolution or precipitation that might alter the fracture conductivity, thereby modifying the flow regime. The computational demands increase with the number of chemical species, subject to chemical equilibrium and kinetics, and with the complexity of fracture networks. In the case of reservoir simulations, where there are a considerable number of chemical species and fracture networks are highly complex, the computational requirements are severe. In this paper, we present a simulation strategy that handles reactive transport processes with numerous chemical reactions and their two-way interaction with fractures. The governing processes are modelled by conservation equations, joint with ordinary differential equations and non-linear algebraic equations. The fractures are explicitly represented and treated as lower-dimensional objects. We propose a sequential fully implicit procedure to solve the model equations, where the flow and transport equations are solved in a global sense using the open-source code PorePy and the chemical equations are solved using the open-source code Reaktoro. The implementation is established by comparing our simulation results to those from a previously presented study. Moreover, we also show that the presented simulation strategy can handle the coupled processes in porous media with numerous chemical species and intersecting fractures.
Modulating the Value of Positive Feedback Does Not Influence Expectation Change in Major depression – What Can be Learned from a Failed Replication?
Authors: Houben Mimi , Rief Winfried , Gärtner Thomas , Kube Tobias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Depression is related to a reduced update of negative expectations in response to positive information. Here, we aimed to replicate that cognitive immunization (a cognitive devaluation of expectation-disconfirming information) modulates expectation updating in depression. Further, we examined how other cognitive factors (i.e., memory, interpretation) relate to cognitive immunization.

Method
We examined 139 inpatients (18–75 years) diagnosed with major depression. Participants completed a false-feedback task, in which they received unexpectedly positive standardized feedback. Cognitive immunization was manipulated via text that framed the feedback as particularly valid vs. invalid, relative to a distraction-control group and a no-instruction control group.

Results
There were no significant group differences in expectation updating. One interpretation questions the effect of the manipulation of cognitive immunization, which was not successful according to the manipulation check. The experimental conditions did not differ in their memory or interpretation of the feedback. However, negative interpretations were associated with elevated cognitive immunization.

Conclusions
Our study failed to replicate that cognitive immunization modulates expectation updating in depression - most likely due to the failure of the cognitive immunization manipulation. Future research may need to use a stronger and easier to understand manipulation (e.g., video instead of text; simpler wording) to modulate cognitive immunization successfully.
Potential Effect of Etoricoxib in Reducing Inflammation in Methotrexate-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats: Role of Oxidative Stress and the TLR4/p38-MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Abdelall Ali M. Ali , Khames Ali , Bekhit Amany Abdlrehim , Fathy Moustafa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNumerous chemotherapeutic medications can have hazardous effects on the lungs, which can result in severe lung diseases. Methotrexate (MTX) is prescribed for cancer and inflammation-related disorders; nevertheless, it is exceptionally highly toxic and has multiple kinds of adverse reactions, including pulmonary injury. Our work was designed to demonstrate the ability of etoricoxib (ETO) to mitigate MTX-induced lung injury in experimental animals. Adult male Wistar rats were separated into four groups. The first group consisted of healthy controls that received carboxymethyl cellulose (1 ml/day, p.o.), the second group received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg/day, i.p.), the third group received ETO (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for three weeks, and the fourth group first received a single MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and then was treated with ETO for three weeks. Concomitant treatment with ETO and MTX improved the histological structure of the lung tissue. It significantly altered the levels of oxidant/antioxidant markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), reduced glutathione (GSH), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), in favor of antioxidants. Moreover, ETO can normalize the proinflammatory cascade, which includes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). At the molecular level, ETO downregulated the protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) in inflamed rat lungs. In conclusion, our findings indicate that oral administration of ETO ameliorates MTX-induced lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB and TLR4/p38-MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways.
An overview on pharmaceutical applications of phosphodiesterase enzyme 5 (PDE5) inhibitors
Authors: Nemr Mohamed T. M. , Abdelaziz Mostafa A. , Teleb Mohamed , Elmasry Ahmed E. , Elshaier Yaseen A. A. M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhosphodiesterase enzyme 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have emerged as one of the leading molecules for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). PDE5 inhibitors are categorized structurally into several classes. PDE5 inhibitors have been a multidisciplinary endeavor that attracts the attention of researchers because of their multiple pharmaceutical applications. Beyond their action on ED, PDE5 inhibitors are widely used in treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), Eisenmenger’s syndrome, Raynaud’s Disease, Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), Mountain sickness, Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), pulmonary arterial hypertension and type II diabetes (insulin resistance). In addition, PDE5 inhibitors also show promising antiproliferative activity, anti-Alzheimer and COX-1/COX-2 inhibitory activity (anti-inflammatory). Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacogenetics and toxicity of PDE5 inhibitors were finally explored. The diverse therapeutic applications, the high feasibility of structural modification and the appropriate pharmacokinetic properties of PDE5 inhibitors have motivated researchers to develop new scaffolds that have been either under clinical trials or approved by FDA and utilize them to overcome some recent global concerns, such as COVID-19.
In silico screening of phytochemicals against chromatin modifier, SETD7 for remodeling of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in renal cancer
Authors: Gadewal Nikhil , Patidar Diya , Natu Abhiram , Gupta Sanjay , Bastikar Virupaksha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment and immune evasion function in a complex cellular network profoundly challenge the clinical outcome of promising therapies. Our recently published study reported that the subset of genes upregulated in ccRCC due to H3K4me1 and DNA demethylation potentially leads to an immunosuppressive environment. Thus, modulating H3K4me1 chromatin modifier SETD7 with a natural inhibitor in combination with immunotherapy might improve the immune landscape for a better therapeutic outcome. The present study was conducted via virtual screening and MD simulation using compounds from the literature, IMPPAT, and SuperNatural database. The phytochemical IMPHY002979 showed better binding affinity and lower energy than the reported R-PFI-2 and cyproheptadine inhibitors. The phytochemicals interact with the SET domain through H-bonding, as confirmed by MD simulation and molecular interaction analysis. Further, the compound was assessed using ADME parameters and free energy estimation, showing better pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the non-accessibility of the histone methyltransferase activity domain of SET7 with IMPHY002979 can downregulate H3K4me1 and, thereby, the expression of genes potentially responsible for immunosuppressive TME. Thus, patient stratification based on molecular markers for immunotherapy and combining epigenetic modulators with therapeutic drugs will improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in ccRCC.
Coronal Magnetic-Field Configuration Associated with Pseudostreamer and Slow Solar Wind
Authors: Tokumaru Munetoshi , Fujiki Ken’ichi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe global distribution of the solar wind speed $V$
V
is closely related to the configuration of the coronal magnetic-field, and the expansion factor $f$
f
of the flux tube is known as a parameter for determining $V$
V
. However, the inverse relation between $f$
f
and $V$
V
does not hold for pseudostreamers, which separate open-field regions with the same polarity. In the present study, we examined the magnetic-field configuration of pseudostreamers using the potential field (PF) model analysis of magnetograph observations for six Carrington rotations (CRs) in Cycle 23 and compared it with $V$
V
data derived from interplanetary scintillation observations. We calculated the parameter $S$
S
, which represents the relative angular distance of foot points on the photosphere magnetically connected to adjacent pixels on the source surface and $f$
f
from PF model analysis and discriminated areas of helmet and pseudostreamers on the source surface by selecting large values of $S$
S
. Although the overall correlation between $S$
S
and $V$
V
was very poor, helmet and pseudostreamers with large $S$
S
values were exclusively associated with slow $V$
V
. Furthermore, helmet and pseudostreamers were associated with large and small values of $f$
f
, respectively. This suggests that $S$
S
enables a better discrimination of slow-wind sources associated with pseudostreamers than $f$
f
. We calculated the distance from the streamer boundary (DSTB) on the source surface using data of helmet and pseudostreamers to compare with $V$
V
data. Calculated DSTB data exhibited significant correlations with $V$
V
data except for the solar maximum period. The average of correlation coefficients between DSTB and $V$
V
over five CRs excluding one at the solar maximum were 0.69, higher than that between the distance from the coronal hole boundary (DCHB) and $V$
V
. This suggests that DSTB acts as a better parameter for determining $V$
V
than DCHB. We demonstrated that $f$
f
for pseudostreamers tended to reach a maximum at a height lower than the source surface (2.5 $R_{\odot }$

R
⊙

). This provides important insight into the formation process of the slow solar wind in pseudostreamers.
Shannon Entropy Characterization of High-Entropy Thin Films Synthesized by Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering: The Influence of Modulation Frequency
Authors: Strzelecki G. W. , Nowakowska-Langier K. , Namyślak K. , Mulewska K. , Wilczopolska M. , Minikayev R. , Nadolski M. , Okrasa S. , Romaniuk S. , Zdunek K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis manuscript presents a comprehensive study of the synthesis of high-entropy TiCrFeCoNi alloy (HEA) thin films via pulsed magnetron sputtering (PMS).The research investigates the impact of various modulation frequencies on the material properties of the synthesized films. By employing Shannon entropy as a novel method to characterize the complexity and homogeneity of high-entropy thin films, we offer new insights into the synthesis process under various thermodynamic conditions. The initial characterization of the alloy, using calculated parameters such as mixing entropy, enthalpy of mixing, and others, sets the stage for a deeper understanding of the alloy's formation and stability. The experimental methodology encompasses target synthesis, sputtering system setup, sample synthesis, and comprehensive process and sample characterization, including EDS analysis, surface and cross-sectional analyses using SEM, and mechanical property assessments via nanoindentation. Results indicate that modulation frequency significantly influences the plasma discharge process, and consequently, the composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the HEA films. EDS analysis confirms the successful synthesis of the target alloy composition, and surface and cross-sectional analyses reveal the effects of modulation frequency on film morphology and structure. Mechanical property measurements highlight the variations in hardness and Young’s modulus among the synthesized films. The study elucidates the role of PMS parameters, especially modulation frequency, in controlling the synthesis of high-entropy thin films, paving the way for optimizing film properties for advanced material applications.
Graphical Abstract
Intramural Ventricular Arrhythmias: How to Crack a Hard Nut
Authors: Hanson Matthew , Enriquez Andres , Garcia Fermin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Successful catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias depends on identifying the critical tissues that sustain the arrhythmia. Increasingly, the intramural space is being recognized as an important source of idiopathic and reentrant ventricular arrhythmias, representing a common cause of ablation failure. A systematic approach to mapping and ablating these arrhythmias is key to optimize outcomes.

Recent Findings
Intramural ventricular arrhythmias are common in certain anatomical locations such as the left ventricular ostium or the interventricular septum. In these cases, mapping of the septal coronary veins provides an opportunity to explore the intramural compartment of the septum to perform activation mapping, entrainment and/or pace mapping. When an intramural arrhythmia is identified, ablation may require radiofrequency application from multiple sites, prolonged lesions, or special ablation techniques such as bipolar ablation or transvenous ethanol injection.

Summary
Identification of intramural ventricular arrhythmias depends on comprehensive mapping that should include the coronary venous system, and ablation often requires advanced techniques. This paper provides a guide on when to suspect an intramural ventricular arrhythmia in the electrophysiology laboratory and how to approach mapping and ablation in these challenging cases.
Examining the effect of a child tax on fertility in a two-sector model
Authors: Kaneko Akihiko 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the efficacy of the child tax policy on the endogenous fertility rate in a two-sector model. We naturally assume that the investment goods sector is more capital intensive than the consumption goods sector. The endogenous fertility rate is determined by the cost of child-rearing and wage income. We find that the child tax has three effects (one direct effect and two indirect effects) on fertility. As a direct effect, the child tax increases the cost of child-rearing. The two indirect effects work in opposite directions: one raises the wage rate and the other lowers it. The total indirect effect of the child tax on wages is ambiguous, which is unique to the two-sector model. Additionally, the total effect of the child tax policy is analytically ambiguous, as in a one-sector model; however, our numerical example shows that the child tax is likely to reduce the fertility rate, unlike in the case of a one-sector model.
BRAF V600E mutation and high expression of PD-L1 in Rosai-Dorfman disease: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Moen Farnoush M. , Youssef Mariam M. , Shukla Mihir , Nierodzik Mary Lynn , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Park Christopher 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBRAF V600E mutations are frequently found in histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms such as Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), but few reports have also described BRAF mutations in Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), and even these cases may predominantly represent mixed histiocytosis. BRAF mutations have been studied in histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms and described to be associated with increased risk of relapse and long-term consequences, but few studies have examined BRAF V600E mutation in RDD, which is recognized as a neoplasm given the high frequency of MAPK pathway alterations. Here, we report a case of BRAF V600E-mutated RDD in a patient who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. During our evaluation of this patient, we also found expression of PD-L1 in neoplastic histiocytes. During our review period, only few cases of RDD reported to harbor BRAF mutation or were evaluated for the expression of PDL1 by neoplastic cells. Given the potential challenges in distinguishing RDD from other histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms, including mixed histiocytosis with similar clinicopathological manifestations, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the frequency and clinical impact of BRAF V600E in RDD, as well as the role of BRAF mutations in RDD pathogenesis. Distinction of BRAF V600E mutated histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms requires consideration of distinctive histopathological and immunophenotypic findings in appropriate clinical and radiologic setting. Given the increasing use of BRAF inhibitors as well as checkpoint blockade inhibitors to treat a number of cancers, we will discuss the clinical implications of the presence of BRAF V600E mutation and PD-L1 expression in RDD.
Mathematical model and its solution for water-altering-gas (WAG) injection process incorporating the effect of miscibility, gravity, viscous fingering and permeability heterogeneity
Authors: Khan Mohammad Yunus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe oil recovery from the water-alternating-gas (WAG) injection process is significantly impacted by gravity, viscous fingering, and the permeability heterogeneity of the reservoir. Therefore, the combined effect of these parameters cannot be neglected in the WAG injection process. This article presents the development of a mathematical model of oil recovery and its solution for the WAG injection process that takes into account the combined effects of miscibility change, viscous fingering, gravity, and permeability heterogeneity in an inclined stratified reservoir. First, the governing equations and fractional flow functions were explained in relation to the effects of gravity, permeability heterogeneity, viscous fingering, and miscibility change in an inclined stratified porous medium. Then, a mathematical model was developed using fractional flow functions and conservation equations for both injected water and solvent. The model was generated in the form of a quasi-linear first-order partial differential equation, which was solved analytically in two dimensions (2-D) utilizing vector calculus. Next, this model was solved analytically by applying wave theory to practical constant pressure boundary conditions, which generate distinct waves at different times to provide pressure and saturation at the displacement front location. The total volumetric flux and breakthrough time are calculated from the analytical solution at various times. The presented analytical solutions can be used to predict different parameters for stratified porous media in a fast and efficient way. Finally, the results of analytical solution validated with high-resolution numerical simulation for a wide range of permeability heterogeneity, which shows excellent agreement for breakthrough time, saturation, and pressure versus displacement location of different waves at different times. This analytical solution will save time and money by offering guidance to engineers for analyzing the saturation and pressure distribution at different times and predicting oil recovery. It will also improve the understanding of the physics underlying the multiphase flow WAG injection process in heterogeneous reservoirs.
Vindicating Lineage Eliminativism
Authors: Suárez Javier , Veigl Sophie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article defends a selective eliminativist position with respect to the concept of “biological lineage” as used in certain areas of contemporary evolutionary biology. We argue that its primary epistemic roles in these contexts—explaining social evolution and cumulative selection—clash with empirical evidence, and that enforcing the concept of “lineage” even obstructs fruitful research avenues in several biological research fields, including phylogenetic research. Drawing on this, we suggest that, in many instances, it would be best to get rid of the concept of “lineage” and think in terms that are more closely aligned with the empirical complexity of the biological world. Specifically, this entails that, instead of looking for the lineage that may have given rise to the entities possessing certain biological characteristics, biologists should generally look for any potential process allowing such possession, with the formation of a lineage just one possibility among many.
Development and evaluation of a kidney health questionnaire and estimates of chronic kidney disease prevalence in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study
Authors: Barbieri Giulia , Cazzoletti Lucia , Melotti Roberto , Hantikainen Essi , Lundin Rebecca , Barin Laura , Gögele Martin , Riegler Peter , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Pramstaller Peter Paul , Gambaro Giovanni , Zanolin Maria Elisabetta , Pattaro Cristian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Kidney diseases are a public health burden but are poorly investigated in the general population. In light of inadequate survey tools, we developed a novel questionnaire for use in population-based studies, to retrospectively assess kidney diseases.

Methods
The questionnaire covered general kidney diseases, reduced kidney function, and renal surgeries. It was administered between 2011 and 2018 to 11,684 participants (median age = 45 years) of the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study. Fasting estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured. By factor analysis we contextualized the questionnaire content with respect to the biochemical measurements. We estimated overall and sex-stratified prevalence of kidney diseases, including possible CKD, calibrating them to the general target population via relative sampling weights.

Results
Population-representative prevalence of glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, and congenital kidney diseases was 1.0%, 3.0%, and 0.2%, respectively, with corresponding odds ratios for females versus males of 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.0), 8.7 (6.2, 12.3), and 0.7 (0.3, 1.6), respectively. Prevalence of kidney dysfunction (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or UACR > 30 mg/g) was 8.59%, while prevalence of self-reported CKD was 0.69%, indicating 95.3% of lack of disease awareness, with a similar figure in people with diabetes or hypertension. Overall, 15.76% of the population was affected by a kidney disease of any kind.

Conclusion
In the Val Venosta/Vinschgau alpine district, CKD prevalence aligned with Western European estimates. Kidney health questionnaire implementation in population studies is feasible and valuable to assess CKD awareness, which we found to be dramatically low.

Graphical abstract