bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Template Decomposition to Adjust the Performance of Imperfect Zeolite BEA Membranes
Authors: Reuß Stephanie , Reif Benjamin , Sanwald Dirk , Schwieger Wilhelm , Kaspereit Malte , Singh Puyam S. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Basahel Sulaiman N. , Mokhtar Mohamed , Obaid Abdullah Y. , Alyoubi Abdulrahman O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractZeolite membranes offer superior thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability compared to polymeric membranes. However, it is still a challenge to prepare completely defect‐free membranes without any intercrystalline voids, which is necessary for gas separation processes. In this study zeolite beta (*BEA) membranes on stainless‐steel supports were prepared by applying the multiple in situ crystallization technique. The membranes were used as a model system to systematically study the decomposition of the organic structure directing agent tetraethylammoniumhydroxide (TEA‐OH). It was evaluated if the organic decomposition products of TEA‐OH can be used for enhancing the membranes selectivity. Post‐treatment experiments have been carried out to adjust surface properties and pore size dimensions in the zeolitic membrane layer. The results show that membranes calcined at lower temperatures exhibit a higher gas selectivity.
Breast cancer in patients with germline TP53 pathogenic variants have typical tumour characteristics: the Cohort study of TP53 carrier early onset breast cancer (COPE study)
Authors: Packwood Kate , Martland Guy , Sommerlad Matthew , Shaw Emily , Moutasim Karwan , Thomas Gareth , Bateman Adrian C , Jones Louise , Haywood Linda , Evans D Gareth , Birch Jillian M , Alsalmi Ohud A , Henderson Alex , Poplawski Nicola , Eccles Diana M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGermline TP53 pathogenic variants are rare but associated with a high risk of cancer; they are often identified in the context of clinically diagnosed Li–Fraumeni syndrome predisposing to a range of young onset cancers including sarcomas and breast cancer. The study aim was to conduct a detailed morphological review and immuno‐phenotyping of breast cancer arising in carriers of a germline TP53 pathogenic variant. We compared breast cancers from five defined groups: (1) TP53 carriers with breast cancer (n = 59), (2) early onset HER2‐amplified breast cancer, no germline pathogenic variant in BRCA1/2 or TP53 (n = 55), (3) BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers (n = 60); (4) BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers (n = 61) and (5) young onset breast cancer with no known germline pathogenic variant (n = 98). Pathologists assessed a pre‐agreed set of morphological characteristics using light microscopy. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2, ER, PR, p53, integrin alpha v beta 6 (αvβ6) integrin, α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and pSMAD2/3 was performed on tissue microarrays of invasive carcinoma. We confirmed a previously reported high prevalence of HER2‐amplified, ductal no special type invasive breast carcinoma amongst known TP53 germline pathogenic variant carriers 20 of 36 (56%). Furthermore we observed a high frequency of densely sclerotic tumour stroma in cancers from TP53 carriers (29/36, 80.6%) when compared with non‐carriers, 50.9% (28/55), 34.7% (50/144), 41.4% (65/157), 43.8% (95/217) in groups 2–5 respectively. The majority of germline TP53 gene carrier breast tumours had a high intensity of integrin αvβ6, α‐SMA and pSMAD2/3 expression in the majority of cancer cells. In conclusion, aggressive HER2 positive breast cancers with densely sclerotic stroma are common in germline TP53 carriers. High levels of αvβ6 integrin, α‐SMA and pSMAD2/3 expression suggest that the dense stromal phenotype may be driven by upregulated transforming growth factor beta signalling.
Analysis of generalized semiparametric mixed varying‐coefficients models for longitudinal data
Authors: Sun Yanqing , Qi Li , Heng Fei , Gilbert Peter B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe generalized semiparametric mixed varying‐coefficient effects model for longitudinal data can accommodate a variety of link functions and flexibly model different types of covariate effects, including time‐constant, time‐varying and covariate‐varying effects. The time‐varying effects are unspecified functions of time and the covariate‐varying effects are nonparametric functions of a possibly time‐dependent exposure variable. A semiparametric estimation procedure is developed that uses local linear smoothing and profile weighted least squares, which requires smoothing in the two different and yet connected domains of time and the time‐dependent exposure variable. The asymptotic properties of the estimators of both nonparametric and parametric effects are investigated. In addition, hypothesis testing procedures are developed to examine the covariate effects. The finite‐sample properties of the proposed estimators and testing procedures are examined through simulations, indicating satisfactory performances. The proposed methods are applied to analyze the AIDS Clinical Trial Group 244 clinical trial to investigate the effects of antiretroviral treatment switching in HIV‐infected patients before and after developing the T215Y antiretroviral drug resistance mutation. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 352–373; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Effects of psychosocial interventions on meaning and purpose in adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Park Crystal L. , Pustejovsky James E. , Trevino Kelly , Sherman Allen C. , Esposito Craig , Berendsen Mark , Salsman John M. 
Published: May 2019

Meaning and purpose in life are associated with the mental and physical health of patients with cancer and survivors and also constitute highly valued outcomes in themselves. Because meaning and purpose are often threatened by a cancer diagnosis and treatment, interventions have been developed to promote meaning and purpose. The present meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated effects of psychosocial interventions on meaning/purpose in adults with cancer and tested potential moderators of intervention effects. Six literature databases were systematically searched to identify RCTs of psychosocial interventions in which meaning or purpose was an outcome. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, rater pairs extracted and evaluated data for quality. Findings were synthesized across studies with standard meta‐analytic methods, including meta‐regression with robust variance estimation and risk‐of‐bias sensitivity analysis. Twenty‐nine RCTs were identified, and they encompassed 82 treatment effects among 2305 patients/survivors. Psychosocial interventions were associated with significant improvements in meaning/purpose (g = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.52; P < .0001). Interventions designed to enhance meaning/purpose (g = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24‐0.60) demonstrated significantly higher effect sizes than those targeting other primary outcomes (g = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.27; P = .009). Few other intervention, clinical, or demographic characteristics tested were significant moderators. In conclusion, the results suggest that psychosocial interventions are associated with small to medium effects in enhancing meaning/purpose among patients with cancer, and the benefits are comparable to those of interventions designed to reduce depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with cancer. Methodological concerns include small samples and ambiguity regarding allocation concealment. Future research should focus on explicitly meaning‐centered interventions and identify optimal treatment or survivorship phases for implementation.
A phase 1 and randomized controlled phase 2 trial of the safety and efficacy of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel with ontuxizumab (MORAb‐004) in metastatic soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Jones Robin L. , Chawla Sant P. , Attia Steven , Schöffski Patrick , Gelderblom Hans , Chmielowski Bartosz , Le Cesne Axel , Van Tine Brian A. , Trent Jonathan C. , Patel Shreyaskumar , Wagner Andrew J. , Chugh Rashmi , Heyburn John W. , Weil Susan C. , Wang Wenquan , Viele Kert , Maki Robert G. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundOntuxizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, targets endosialin (tumor endothelial marker 1 [TEM‐1] or CD248), which is expressed on sarcoma cells and is believed to be involved in tumor angiogenesis. This is the first trial to evaluate ontuxizumab in patients with sarcoma.MethodsPart 1 was an open‐label, dose‐finding, safety lead‐in: 4, 6, or 8 mg/kg with gemcitabine and docetaxel (G/D; 900 mg/m2 gemcitabine on days 1 and 8 and 75 mg/m2 docetaxel on day 8). In part 2, patients were randomized in a double‐blind fashion in 2:1 ratio to ontuxizumab (8 mg/kg) or a placebo with G/D. Randomization was stratified by 4 histological cohorts.ResultsIn part 2 with 209 patients, no significant difference in progression‐free survival between ontuxizumab plus G/D (4.3 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7‐6.3 months) and the placebo plus G/D (5.6 months; 95% CI, 2.6‐8.3 months) was observed (P = .67; hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% CI, 0.77‐1.49). Similarly, there was no significant difference in median overall survival between the 2 groups: 18.3 months for the ontuxizumab plus G/D group (95% CI, 16.2‐21.1 months) and 21.1 months for the placebo plus G/D group (95% CI, 14.2 months to not reached; P = .32; HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.82‐1.82). No significant differences between the treatment groups occurred for any efficacy parameter by sarcoma cohort. The combination of ontuxizumab plus G/D was generally well tolerated.ConclusionsOntuxizumab plus G/D showed no enhanced activity over chemotherapy alone in soft‐tissue sarcomas, whereas the safety profile of the combination was consistent with G/D alone.
Cancer‐attributable mortality among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States: 1987 through 2014
Authors: Noone Anne‐Michelle , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Dorgan Joanne F. , Magder Laurence S. , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Lynch Charles F. , Morris Cyllene R. , Pawlish Karen S. , Engels Eric A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundSolid organ transplant recipients have an elevated risk of cancer. Quantifying deaths attributable to cancer can inform priorities to reduce cancer burden.MethodsLinked transplantation and cancer registry data were used to identify incident cancers and deaths among solid organ transplant recipients in the United States (1987‐2014). Population‐attributable fractions (PAFs) of deaths due to cancer and corresponding cancer‐attributable mortality rates were estimated using Cox models.ResultsAmong 221,962 solid organ transplant recipients, 15,012 developed cancer. Approximately 13% of deaths (PAF, 13.2%) were attributable to cancer, corresponding to a cancer‐attributable mortality rate of 516 per 100,000 person‐years. Lung cancer was the largest contributor to mortality (PAF, 3.1%), followed by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; PAF, 1.9%), colorectal cancer (PAF, 0.7%), and kidney cancer (PAF, 0.5%). Cancer‐attributable mortality rates increased with age at transplantation, reaching 1229 per 100,000 person‐years among recipients aged ≥65 years. NHL was the largest contributor among children (PAF, 4.1%) and lung cancer was the largest contributor among recipients aged ≥50 years (PAFs, 3.7%‐4.3%). Heart recipients had the highest PAF (16.4%), but lung recipients had the highest cancer‐attributable mortality rate (1241 per 100,000 person‐years). Overall, mortality attributable to cancer increased steadily with longer time since transplantation, reaching 15.7% of deaths (810 per 100,000 person‐years) at ≥10 years after transplantation. Comparison of cancer‐attributable mortality rates with specified causes of death indicated that some deaths recorded as other causes might instead be caused by cancer or its treatment.ConclusionsCancer is a substantial cause of mortality among solid organ transplant recipients, with major contributions reported from lung cancer and NHL. Cancer‐attributable mortality increases with age and time since transplantation, and therefore cancer deaths will become an increasing burden as recipients live longer.
Oral testing for high‐risk human papillomavirus DNA and E6/E7 messenger RNA in healthy individuals at risk for oral infection
Authors: Rollo Francesca , Pichi Barbara , Benevolo Maria , Giuliani Massimo , Latini Alessandra , Lorenzon Laura , Colafigli Manuela , Frasca Mirko , Pellini Raul , Cristaudo Antonio , Donà Maria Gabriella 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundTesting for oral high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA may be useful for identifying individuals at increased risk for HPV‐driven oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). However, positivity for HPV DNA provides no information on the transforming potential of the infection. In contrast, the detection of high‐risk HPV E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) may help to identify clinically significant infections because of the indispensable role of E6/E7 viral oncoproteins in the carcinogenic process.MethodsOral rinses were collected with a mouthwash from cancer‐free individuals at increased risk for oral HPV infection. High‐risk HPV DNA and mRNA were evaluated via the testing of the oral rinses with the Linear Array HPV genotyping test and the Aptima HPV assay, respectively.ResultsOverall, 310 subjects with no clinical evidence of lesions of the oral cavity and oropharynx were included in the study. Thirty‐three (10.6%) harbored high‐risk HPV DNA in their oral rinse. These cases, together with 10 random samples negative for high‐risk HPV DNA, were tested with the Aptima assay. A valid result was obtained for 41 of the 43 specimens (95.3%). Among the 31 cases that were positive for high‐risk HPV DNA and had a valid Aptima result, 4 (12.9%) were positive for HPV mRNA. HPV mRNA was not detected in any of the samples negative for high‐risk HPV DNA.ConclusionsHPV mRNA is detectable in oral rinses of cancer‐free subjects. Oral HPV mRNA testing may be useful in the screening and/or early detection of HPV‐driven OPC by possibly identifying active and transforming oral infections. The testing of individuals at increased risk for HPV‐related OPC via simply and noninvasively collected oral specimens is an attractive option for future screening strategies.
Do contemporary imaging and biopsy techniques reliably identify unilateral prostate cancer? Implications for hemiablation patient selection
Authors: Johnson David C. , Yang Jason J. , Kwan Lorna , Barsa Danielle E. , Mirak Sohrab A. , Pooli Aydin , Sadun Taylor , Jayadevan Rajiv , Zhou Steve , Priester Alan M. , Natarajan Shyam , Bajgiran Amirhossein M. , Shakeri Sepideh , Sisk Anthony , Felker Ely R. , Raman Steven S. , Marks Leonard S. , Reiter Robert E. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundHemiablation is a less morbid treatment alternative for appropriately selected patients with unilateral prostate cancer (PCa). However, to the authors’ knowledge, traditional diagnostic techniques inadequately identify appropriate candidates. In the current study, the authors quantified the accuracy for identifying hemiablation candidates using contemporary diagnostic techniques, including multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and MRI‐fusion with complete systematic template biopsy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients undergoing MRI and MRI‐fusion prostate biopsy, including full systematic template biopsy, prior to radical prostatectomy in a single tertiary academic institution between June 2010 and February 2018 was performed. Hemiablation candidates had unilateral intermediate‐risk PCa (Gleason score [GS] of 3+4 or 4+3, clinical T classification ≤T2, and prostate‐specific antigen level <20 ng/dL) on MRI‐fusion biopsy and 2) no contralateral highly or very highly suspicious Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI‐RADSv2) MRI lesions. Hemiablation candidates were inappropriately selected if pathologists identified contralateral GS ≥3+4 or high‐risk ipsilateral PCa on prostatectomy. The authors tested a range of hemiablation inclusion criteria and performed multivariable analysis of preoperative predictors of undetected contralateral disease.ResultsOf 665 patients, 92 met primary hemiablation criteria. Of these 92 patients, 44 (48%) were incorrectly identified due to ipsilateral GS ≥3+4 tumors crossing the midline (21 patients), undetected distinct contralateral GS ≥3+4 tumors (20 patients), and/or ipsilateral high‐risk PCa (3 patients) on prostatectomy. The rate of undetected contralateral disease ranged from 41% to 48% depending on inclusion criteria. On multivariable analysis, men with anterior index tumors were found to be 2.4 times more likely to harbor undetected contralateral GS ≥3+4 PCa compared with men with posterior lesions (P < .05).ConclusionsClinicians and patients must weigh the risk of inadequate oncologic treatment against the functional benefits of hemiablation. Further investigation into methods for improving patient selection for hemiablation is necessary.
Oxygen Deficiency Driven Conversion of Polysulfide by Electrocatalysis: MoO3‐x Nanobelts for an Improved Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Cathode
Authors: Yi Yikun , An Hua , Zhang Peng , Tian Xiaolu , Yang Pu , Liu Pei , Wang Te , Qu Long , Li Mingtao , Yang Guidong , Yang Bolun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite a high energy density and specific capacity, the commercial implementation of lithium‐sulfur batteries still suffers from a severe polysulfide shuttle. Numerous efforts have been made to confine polysulfide species through physical adsorption and chemical bonding. Nevertheless, polysulfide accumulation is also ascribed to the slow redox kinetics. Herein, we design a kind of MoO3‐x nanobelt with abundant engineered oxygen defects (ODs) on the surface to promote the redox kinetics as a cathode matrix for Li−S batteries. On one hand, engineered ODs exhibit considerable electrocatalytic activity for the conversion of polysulfide in kinetic processes, achieving distinctly improved capacities at large current densities. On the other hand, they enhance the interaction between MoO3 nanobelts and polysulfide molecules from a thermodynamic perspective, leading to an ameliorative cycling stability. This implementation of ODs in Li−S batteries substantially improves electrochemical performances and provides a novel method to introduce engineered defects into matrices for Li−S batteries.
Materials Nanoarchitectonics as Cell Regulators
Authors: Ariga Katsuhiko , Jia Xiaofang , Song Jingwen , Hsieh Cheng‐Tien , Hsu Shan‐hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis Minireview presents sophisticated interfacial materials nanoarchitectonics for cell regulation as controls of advanced bio‐systems. In the nanoarchitectonics procedures, functional materials and systems can be architected with various actions and processes including atomic/molecular manipulation, organic synthesis, self‐assembly/self‐organization and structural regulation upon application of external physical stimuli. Based on nano‐level materials fabrications with this nanoarchiteconics concept, several recent research accomplishments on cell regulations are described as classified into (i) influences of physical mechanical factors such as elasticity and viscoelasticity on cell regulations at materials surfaces and liquid interfaces; (ii) regulation of cells upon dynamic changes of surface natures, stimuli by chemicals, and geometric factors; (iii) effects of surface structures prepared by microfabrications and assemblies of nanomaterials on cell regulations.
Time‐Dependent Surface Oxidation of Pd Nanocubes and its Role in Controlling Catalytic Performance
Authors: Wu Di , Low Jingxiang , Chen Xiaoyi , Gao Chao , Hu Canyu , Hu Yangguang , Long Ran , Xiong Yujie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe surface evolution of catalysts, which leads to the changes in physicochemical properties for various catalysts under different storage temperatures and amounts of time, is an important issue for altering catalytic performance. However, the influence of such a surface evolution under different storage conditions on the catalytic performance is often neglected, albeit enormous studies have been carried out in past decades. In this work, Pd nanocrystals are prepared through facile aqueous synthetic methods and employed as model catalysts for catalytic reactions. Our investigation reveals that the storage duration of Pd nanocubes has great influence on their catalytic performance. Generally, the catalytic performance of Pd nanocubes show a dramatically enhanced catalytic performance for Heck coupling reaction after a storage duration of 25 days. According to XPS characterization, this enhancement in catalytic performance is attributed to the presence of oxidized Pd on the surface of Pd nanocubes. Moreover, it is further discovered that the change in storage temperature and storage environment can also contribute to the surface state evolution of Pd nanocubes, affecting their catalytic performance. This work shows not only the storage condition‐dependent catalytic performance of the Pd nanocubes, but also the evidence that allows us to understand the structure sensitivity of Pd nanocubes over different storage condition.
Using EMBL‐EBI Services via Web Interface and Programmatically via Web Services
Authors: Madeira Fábio , Madhusoodanan Nandana , Lee Joon , Tivey Adrian R.N. , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI) provides access to a wide range of core databases and analysis tools that are of key importance in bioinformatics. As well as providing web interfaces to these resources, web services are available using REST and SOAP protocols that enable programmatic access and allow their integration into other applications and analytical workflows and pipelines. This article describes the various options available to researchers and bioinformaticians who would like to use our resources via the web interface employing RESTful web service clients provided in Perl, Python, and Java, or would like to use Docker containers to integrate the resources into analysis pipelines and workflows. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combined Quantum Trajectory Mean‐Field and Molecular Mechanical (QTMF/MM) Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations on the Photoinduced Ring‐Opening Reaction of 2(5H)‐Thiophenone
Authors: Xie Bin‐Bin , Fang Wei‐Hai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present work, the direct ab initio quantum trajectory mean‐field and molecular mechanical (QTMF/MM) nonadiabatic dynamics approach has been numerically implemented and used to simulate the photo‐induced ring‐opening process of 2(5H)‐thiophenone in CH3CN solution. Meanwhile, the subsequent processes in the S0 state have been simulated employing a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) adiabatic dynamics method that is derived from the direct ab initio QTMF/MM nonadiabatic dynamics approach. Upon irradiation at 267 nm, 2(5H)‐thiophenone is initially populated to its bright 1ππ* state. Subsequently, the ring‐opening reaction is predicted to be an ultrafast process with a time constant of about 228 fs. As a result, the ring‐opening reaction proceeds mainly along the diabatic S2(1ππ*) pathway and the solute‐solvent interaction has little influence on this initial process. Meanwhile, the 1ππ*→1πσ* transition takes place with little probability via the 1πσ*/1ππ* conical intersection and the 1πσ* excited state plays a minor role in the ring‐opening reaction, which is quite different from those reported for many heterocyclic molecules. Reformation of the parent molecule in the S0 state is determined to have a quantum yield of 33.9 % within the simulated period of 3.5 ps, which is considerably underestimated in comparison with a value of ∼60.0 % inferred experimentally. Thioaldehyde‐ketene was experimentally inferred as a product, which is confirmed by the simulations reported herein.