bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating community deliberations about health research priorities
Authors: Goold Susan Dorr , Danis Marion , Abelson Julia , Gornick Michelle , Szymecko Lisa , Myers C. Daniel , Rowe Zachary , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Salman Cengiz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextEngaging underrepresented communities in health research priority setting could make the scientific agenda more equitable and more responsive to their needs.ObjectiveEvaluate democratic deliberations engaging minority and underserved communities in setting health research priorities.MethodsParticipants from underrepresented communities throughout Michigan (47 groups, n = 519) engaged in structured deliberations about health research priorities in professionally facilitated groups. We evaluated some aspects of the structure, process, and outcomes of deliberations, including representation, equality of participation, participants’ views of deliberations, and the impact of group deliberations on individual participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and points of view. Follow‐up interviews elicited richer descriptions of these and also explored later effects on deliberators.ResultsDeliberators (age 18‐88 years) overrepresented minority groups. Participation in discussions was well distributed. Deliberators improved their knowledge about disparities, but not about health research. Participants, on average, supported using their group's decision to inform decision makers and would trust a process like this to inform funding decisions. Views of deliberations were the strongest predictor of these outcomes. Follow‐up interviews revealed deliberators were particularly struck by their experience hearing and understanding other points of view, sometimes surprised at the group's ability to reach agreement, and occasionally activated to volunteer or advocate.ConclusionsDeliberations using a structured group exercise to engage minority and underserved community members in setting health research priorities met some important criteria for a fair, credible process that could inform policy. Deliberations appeared to change some opinions, improved some knowledge, and were judged by participants worth using to inform policymakers.
OOESAlgorithm.jl: a julia package for optimizing a linear function over the set of efficient solutions for biobjective mixed integer linear programming
Authors: Sierra‐Altamiranda Alvaro , Charkhgard Hadi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present OOESAlgorithm.jl, a package for optimizing a linear function over the efficient set of biobjective mixed integer linear programs. The proposed package extends our recent study (see Sierra‐Altamiranda and Charkhgard [INFORMS Journal on Computing, https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2018.0851]) by adding two main features: (a) in addition to CPLEX, the package allows employing any single‐objective solver supported by MathProgBase.jl, for example, GLPK, CPLEX, and SCIP; (b) the package supports execution on multiple processors and is compatible with the JuMP modeling language. An extensive computational study shows the efficacy of the package and its features.
Bryostatin‐1 ameliorated experimental colitis in Il‐10−/− Mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and limiting immune dysfunction
Authors: Zuo Lugen , Li Jing , Ge Sitang , Ge Yuanyuan , Shen Mengdi , Wang Yan , Zhou Changmin , Wu Rong , Hu Jianguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBryostatin‐1 (Bry‐1) has been proven to be effective and safe in clinical trials of a variety of immune‐related diseases. However, little is known about its effect on Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to investigate the impact of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis and determine the mechanism underlying this effect. In the present study, 15‐week‐old male Il‐10−/− mice with spontaneous colitis were divided into positive control and Bry‐1‐treated (Bry‐1, 30 μg/kg every other day, injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks) groups. Age‐matched, male wild‐type (WT) mice were used as a negative control. The effects of Bry‐1 on colitis, intestinal barrier function and T cell responses as well as the potential regulatory mechanisms were evaluated. We found that the systemic delivery of Bry‐1 significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10−/− mice, as demonstrated by decreases in the disease activity index (DAI), inflammatory score and proinflammatory mediator levels. The protective effects of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis included the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and the helper T cell (Th)/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance. These effects of Bry‐1 may act in part through nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling activation and STAT3/4 signalling inhibition. The protective effect of Bry‐1 on CD‐like colitis suggests Bry‐1 has therapeutic potential in human CD, particularly given the established clinical safety of Bry‐1.
Sunflower oil from enzymatic aqueous extraction process: Maximization of free oil yield and oil characterization
Authors: de Aquino Denise Silva , Fanhani Anastassia , Stevanato Natália , da Silva Camila 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, the enzymatic aqueous extraction (EAE) of sunflower seed oil was investigated. The effects of the operational variables (temperature, water seed mass ratio, and enzyme concentration) were evaluated in order to define the conditions that maximize the free oil yield (FOY). It was observed that increasing the amounts of water and enzyme in the extraction medium was disadvantageous to the removal of the oil, and that an increase in temperature provided a higher FOY. Thus, a temperature of 60°C, seed:water ratio of 1:5 (g/g), and enzyme concentration of 1% (v/v) were defined as the conditions for maximum FOY (17.76%). The use of a buffered medium under these conditions increased the FOY to 20.34%. The composition of the oils obtained by the EAE under different experimental conditions was determined and compared with the oil obtained from Soxhlet extraction. The oils under study presented high levels of oleic and linoleic acids, which corresponded to ~90% of the composition of fatty acids. It was also noted that, depending on the extraction conditions, the oils obtained by EAE presented phytosterol and tocopherol contents similar or superior to those of the oil produced by Soxhlet extraction.Practical ApplicationsThe enzymatic aqueous extraction of sunflower oil has the potential to replace the solvent extraction method. The results reported herein show that the composition of the sunflower oil obtained by the enzymatic method was similar to that of the oil extracted by the solvent method. In addition, the enzymatic method uses mild conditions that reduce the energy required for the process and the residues are free of organic solvent.
Deploying Youth: Colombian Peacebuilding in Performance
Authors: Thomas Zareen 
Published: June 2019

ResumenLíderes latinoamericanos frecuentemente utilizan narrativas que centralizan a la juventud. Sin embargo, los jóvenes se encuentran entre las poblaciones más vulnerables a las violaciones de derechos en la región. Para abordar esta circunstancia y ayudar a los jóvenes a involucrarse con las deliberaciones morales, las ONGs los animan a participar en eventos y debates facilitados a través del hip‐hop–un género musical que se presenta como un recurso para el empoderamiento, debido a sus orígenes contrahegemónicos en los EEUU. Con los jóvenes a la vanguardia, las organizaciones utilizan este género a través de un proceso dual de espontaneidad y entrenamiento institucionalizado, para fomentar prácticas que posibilitan la construcción de paz. Basado en una investigación realizada en Bogotá entre 2014 y 2016, sostengo que a través de las intervenciones de hip‐hop, los jóvenes y sus patrocinadores actúan la paz mientras recrean imágenes de jóvenes urbanos.
Towards a parental muda for new Basque speakers: Assessing emotional factors and language ideologies
Authors: Ciriza María del Puy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe concept of muda refers to how specific biographical moments can precipitate changes in the speaker's linguistic repertoire (Pujolar & Gonzàlez, 2012). In recent years, more inclusive or participatory approaches to intergenerational transmission in language revitalization contexts have been encouraging all parents, including those with low proficiency in the minority language, to participate in their child's language acquisition. This article examines a Basque‐ language campaign that instructs low‐proficiency parents to adopt child‐directed speech in Basque to mould affective orientations in the home environment. Drawing on a case study, I explore the complications of new speakerhood, especially the difficulties of bringing about a parental muda. I demonstrate how mudas are traversed by competing ideologies of language and language socialization. In disrupting monolingual ideologies, participatory approaches which aim at increasing the symbolic value of the language clash with the attitudes of speakers who view these mudas as inconsequential for achieving normalization.
Constrained public goods in networks
Authors: Allouch Nizar , King Maia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the private provision of public goods where agents interact within a fixed network structure and may benefit only from their direct neighbours’ provisions. We generalise the public goods in the networks model of Bramoullé and Kranton [J. Econ. Theory 135 (2007), pp. 478–494] to allow for constrained provision. In so doing, we characterise Nash equilibria with no intermediate contributors.
Differential Influence of Life Cycle on Growth and Toxin Production of three Pseudo‐nitzschia Species (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Sauvey Aurore , Claquin Pascal , Le Roy Bertrand , Le Gac Mickael , Fauchot Juliette 
Published: June 2019

We used a multistrain approach to study the intra‐ and interspecific variability of the growth rates of three Pseudo‐nitzschia species – P. australis, P. fraudulenta, and P. pungens – and of their domoic acid (DA) production. We carried out mating and batch experiments to investigate the respective effects of strain age and cell size, and thus the influence of their life cycle on the physiology of these species. The cell size – life cycle relationship was characteristic of each species. The influence of age and cell size on the intraspecific variability of growth rates suggests that these characteristics should be considered cautiously for the strains used in physiological studies on Pseudo‐nitzschia species. The results from all three species do not support the hypothesis of a decrease in DA production with time since isolation from natural populations. In P. australis, the cellular DA content was rather a function of cell size. More particularly, cells at the gametangia stage of their life cycle contained up to six times more DA than smaller or larger cells incapable of sexual reproduction. These findings reveal a link between P. australis life cycle and cell toxicity. This suggest that life cycle dynamics in Pseudo‐nitzschia natural populations may influence bloom toxicity.
Underactive bladder in aging rats is associated with a reduced number of serotonin‐expressing cells in the urethra and is improved by serotonin application to the urethra
Authors: Coelho Ana , Charrua Ana , Oliveira Raquel , Cavaleiro Helena , Cruz Célia D. , Cruz Francisco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether aging‐related detrusor underactivity (DU) involves a decrease in 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT‐positive)‐expressing urethral cells and whether 5‐HT stimulation of urethral sensory fibers improves detrusor function. Cystometries were performed in young (6 months) and aged (18–24 months) female Wistar rats. Aged rats with voiding contractions (VC) that were 2SD below the mean of those in young rats were considered to have DU. Bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) was calculated during saline or 5‐HT solution cystometries. Rats were perfusion‐fixed with a fixative solution (paraformaldehyde, PFA 4%) through the circulatory system and the urethra sectioned to count the number of 5‐HT‐immunoreactive (IR) cells. Isovolumetric cystometry was performed while irrigating the urethra with saline or 5μM‐HT solution. Two‐tailed unpaired t tests were used to determine the significance of differences. In aged DU rats, the mean (±SD) VC frequency was 0.24 ± 0.07 per minute, with an amplitude of 15 ± 3 cm H2O. The mean (±SD) number of 5‐HT‐IR cells in the urethra of aged DU and young rats was 90 ± 11 and 182 ± 25, respectively (P < 0.01). 5‐HT improved the mean (±SD) BVE of aged DU rats from 49 ± 3% to 78 ± 2% (P < 0.001). In isovolumetric cystometries, detrusor pressure during irrigation of the urethra with saline was 18 ± 1 cm H2O, compared with 39 ± 2 cm H2O during irrigation with 5‐HT solution (P < 0.05). In rats, DU associated with aging is accompanied by a decrease in the number of 5‐HT‐positive cells. The results suggest that decreased 5‐HT availability decreases urethral sensory fiber excitation, leading to a decrease the number of effective VC.
Suppression of auxin signalling promotes rice susceptibility to Rice black streaked dwarf virus infection
Authors: Zhang Hehong , Tan Xiaoxiang , Li Lulu , He Yuqing , Hong Gaojie , Li Junmin , Lin Lin , Cheng Ye , Yan Fei , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao 
Published: June 2019

SummaryAuxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and development, and also influences plant defence against various pathogens. Previous studies have examined the different roles of the auxin pathway during infection by biotrophic bacteria and necrotrophic fungi. We now show that the auxin signalling pathway was markedly down‐regulated following infection of rice by Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a dsRNA virus. Repression of the auxin receptor TIR1 by a mutant overexpressing miR393 increased rice susceptibility to RBSDV. Mutants overexpressing the auxin signalling repressors OsIAA20 and OsIAA31 were also more susceptible to RBSDV. The induction of jasmonic acid (JA) pathway genes in response to RBSDV was supressed in auxin signalling mutants, suggesting that activation of the JA pathway may be part of the auxin signalling‐mediated rice defence against RBSDV. More importantly, our results also revealed that OsRboh‐mediated reactive oxygen species levels played important roles in this defence. The results offer novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of auxin signalling in the rice–RBSDV interaction.
The farnesyltransferase β‐subunit RAM1 regulates localization of RAS proteins and appressorium‐mediated infection in Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Aboelfotoh Hendy Ahmed , Xing Junjie , Chen Xiaoyang , Chen Xiao‐Lin 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPost‐translational farnesylation can regulate subcellular localization and protein–protein interaction in eukaryotes. The function of farnesylation is not well identified in plant pathogenic fungi, particularly during the process of fungal infection. Here, through functional analyses of the farnesyltransferase β‐subunit gene, RAM1, we examine the importance of protein farnesylation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted disruption of RAM1 resulted in the reduction of hyphal growth and sporulation, and an increase in the sensitivity to various stresses. Importantly, loss of RAM1 also led to the attenuation of virulence on the plant host, characterized by decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth. Interestingly, the defect in appressoria formation of the Δram1 mutant can be recovered by adding exogenous cAMP and IBMX, suggesting that RAM1 functions upstream of the cAMP signalling pathway. We found that two Ras GTPases, RAS1 and RAS2, can interact with Ram1, and their plasma membrane localization was regulated by Ram1 through their C‐terminal farnesylation sites. Adding a farnesyltransferase inhibitor Tipifarnib can result in similar defects as in Δram1 mutant, including decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth, as well as mislocalized RAS proteins. Our findings indicate that protein farnesylation regulates the RAS protein‐mediated signaling pathways required for appressorium formation and host infection, and suggest that abolishing farnesyltransferase could be an effective strategy for disease control.
Development and psychometric testing of the Organizational Silence Behavior Scale for healthcare professionals
Authors: Yalçın Begüm , Baykal Ülkü 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOrganizational silence maintained by professionals working in the healthcare sector could result in various moral dilemmas and might negatively affect patient care. The aim of this methodological study was to develop a scale that measured the organizational silence behaviors of healthcare professionals. During the development of the scale, researchers conducted in‐depth interviews with 30 healthcare professionals in order to create a draft pool of 66 scale items. After content validity, a 62 item scale was drafted. In the second stage of development, psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that adequate fit indices (χ2 value to degrees of freedom = 3.54; goodness‐of‐fit index = .92; root mean square error of approximation = .90) were achieved and resulted in a 32 item scale with four subscales. These subscales were assessed using a 5 point Likert scale. The Cronbach's alpha for the scale was .93, and for the subscales, it was as follows: silence climate: α = .91, silence based on fear: = .91, acquiesce silence: α = .93, and silence based on protecting the organization: α = .85. The Organizational Silence Behavior Scale was successfully developed and showed satisfactory validity and reliability. It is usable among healthcare professionals.
Occupational therapists' perceptions of psychosocial strategies for clients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Coleman Ashleigh A. , Driver Christina , Parker John K. , Lovell Geoff P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPsychological strategies are a promising adjunct to pharmacological treatment for symptoms, including depression and anxiety associated with Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigated perceptions and reported behaviors of occupational therapists regarding the use of psychosocial strategies during their practice with clients with Parkinson's disease. The results of a cross‐sectional online survey (n = 115 occupational therapists) demonstrated that the majority of participants (83%) reported using psychosocial strategies with their clients living with Parkinson's disease, with goal setting the most frequent. Almost all occupational therapists (99.1%) reported that it was moderately to extremely important to have knowledge about psychosocial strategies for practice with clients living with Parkinson's disease, and 96.5% rated it important to be able to offer these strategies in practice with their clients living with Parkinson's disease. The majority (91.3%) felt incorporating psychosocial strategies into their practice was moderately to extremely beneficial, and 93.9% reported that psychosocial strategies have a moderate‐to‐extremely positive effect on Parkinson's disease management outcomes. These findings have important implications for the education and training of occupational therapists working with clients living with Parkinson's disease to help ensure the best possible outcomes for people with Parkinson's disease.
Dynamic slow‐wave interactions in the rabbit small intestine defined using high‐resolution mapping
Authors: Cherian Abraham Ashley , Cheng Leo K. , Angeli Timothy R. , Alighaleh Saeed , Paskaranandavadivel Niranchan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe motility in the small intestine is governed in part by myogenic bio‐electrical events, known as slow waves. High‐resolution multi‐electrode mapping has improved our understanding of slow‐wave propagation in the small intestine but has been applied in a limited number of in vivo animal studies. This study applied high‐resolution mapping to investigate slow waves in the rabbit small intestine.MethodsA high‐resolution flexible printed circuit board array (256 electrodes; 4 mm spacing) was applied in vivo to the rabbit intestine. Extracellular slow‐wave activity was acquired sequentially along the length of the intestine.Key results and conclusionsThe majority of the slow waves propagated in the antegrade direction (56%) while retrograde patterns were primarily observed in the distal intestine (29%). Colliding slow‐wave events were observed across the length of the small intestine (15%). The interaction of competing pacemakers was mapped in spatiotemporal detail. The frequency and velocity of the slow waves were highest in the duodenum compared to ileum (20.0 ± 1.2 cpm vs 10.5 ± 0.9 cpm, P < 0.001; 14.4 ± 3.4 mm/s vs 12.3 ± 3.4 mm/s; P < 0.05).InferencesIn summary, extracellular serosal slow‐wave activity was quantified spatiotemporally along the length of the rabbit intestine. In particular, the study provides evidence toward the presence and interaction of slow‐wave pacemakers acting along the small intestine and how they may contribute to the slow‐wave frequency gradient along the length of the intestine.
Preclinical findings on the potential of intranasal neuropeptide Y for treating hyperarousal features of PTSD
Authors: Nwokafor Chiso , Serova Lidia I. , Sabban Esther L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAcoustic startle response (ASR) assesses hyperarousal, a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) administration was shown to prevent hyperarousal in single prolonged stress (SPS) rodent PTSD model. However, it is unclear how ASR itself alters responses to stress. Rats (A‐S‐A) were exposed to acoustic startle (AS) 1 day before SPS (ASR1) and 2 weeks afterward (ASR2). Other groups were exposed in parallel to either AS (A‐A) or SPS or neither. SPS enhanced ASR2. In relevant brain areas, mRNA levels were determined by qRT‐PCR. In mediobasal hypothalamus, AS or SPS each increased CRH mRNA levels without an additive effect. Exposure to AS appeared to dampen some responses to SPS. The SPS‐triggered reduction of GR and FKBP5 gene expression was not observed in A‐S‐A group. In locus coeruleus, SPS increased CRHR1 and reduced Y2R mRNAs, but not in A‐S‐A group. In both regions, AS altered NPY receptor gene expression, which may mediate dampening responses to SPS. In second experiment, intranasal NPY administered 2 weeks after SPS reversed hyperarousal symptoms for at least 7 days. This study reveals important effects of AS on the NPY system and demonstrates that intranasal NPY elicits long‐lasting reversal of traumatic stress–triggered hyperarousal.
The Intended and Unintended Effects of Drunk Driving Policies
Authors: Chang Harrison , Chang Kehao , Fan Elliott 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTaking advantage of merged administrative data, we estimate the intended and unintended effects of two public policies aimed at combating driving under influence (DUI) of alcohol in Taiwan: the three‐month‐long campaign of random sobriety checkpoints in mid‐2012, and the legal reform carried out in mid‐2013 leading to much harsher punishments for DUI offenders. Our study gives rise to several important findings: (i) The checkpoint campaign substantially reduced DUI deaths and injuries, and the effect persisted after the campaign ended; (ii) the campaign also had a strong spillover effect of reducing non‐DUI deaths and injuries, and this unintended effect was four times the size of the intended effect on DUI cases; (iii) these effects were not driven by social pressure or self‐awareness arising from the intensive media coverage taking place at the same time; and (iv) there was little response to either policy among repeat DUI offenders and those who caused serious injuries.