bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotura del tendón del pectoral mayor: técnica de reparación abierta durante periodo agudo
Authors: Morán Córdova Nicolás , Laso Errázuriz José , Arias Acuña Valentina , Melean Quiroga Patricio 
Published: February 2019

ResumenLa rotura del tendón del pectoral mayor es considerada una lesión infrecuente en lo descrito en la literatura, pero esa lesión ha tenido un aumento exponencial en sus reportes a partir de los años 90. A continuación, presentamos la resolución quirúrgica de una rotura completa del tendón del pectoral mayor mediante una técnica simple y reproducible en un hombre de 34 años, sometido a una alta demanda física diaria. Tenemos ya publicado diferentes técnicas de reparación en periodo agudo como reconstrucción en lesiones crónicas. Nosotros presentamos una técnica de reparación para rotura aguda que consiste en la reinserción mediante anclas de titanio en su huella insercional mediante una configuración de suturas que forma un constructo estable y resistente, que permita al paciente rehabilitarse en forma precoz y satisfactoria para intentar volver al mismo nivel de actividad pre lesional. Con eso, aportamos al especialista una manera sencilla de enfrentarse y planificar la reparación de ese tipo de lesiones infrecuentes que no siempre estamos acostumbrados a resolver.
Endovascular Repair of Aortic Arch Aneurysm with Surgeon-Modified Fenestrated Stent Graft
Authors: Manunga Jesse 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe authors describe a technique of treating patients with aortic arch aneurysm using surgeon-modified fenestrated stent graft (SMFSG). The technique is demonstrated in a 80-year-old patient whose aneurysm was successfully excluded with a SMFSG using Cook Alpha thoracic stent graft. The device was deployed, removed from its delivery system, and a fenestration created before being mounted back on the delivery system and constrained. It was transitioned through a series of sheaths before being introduced into its original sheath. The device was implanted via a common femoral artery access site; fenestration cannulated from the left brachial artery and bridged with a stent graft.
Increasing the Chances of Natural Conception: Opinion Statement from the the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations - FEBRASGO - Committee of Gynecological Endocrinology
Authors: de Carvalho Bruno Ramalho , Barcelos Ionara Diniz Evangelista Santos , de Medeiros Sebastião Freitas , Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna , Yela Daniela Angerame , Nácul Andrea Prestes , Maciel Gustavo Arantes Rosa , Júnior José Maria Soares , Rosa e Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá , Costa Laura Olinda Bregieiro Fernandes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConsidering that myths and misconceptions regarding natural procreation spread rapidly in the era of easy access to information and to social networks, adequate counseling about natural fertility and spontaneous conception should be encouraged in any kind of health assistance. Despite the fact that there is no strong-powered evidence about any of the aspects related to natural fertility, literature on how to increase the chances of a spontaneous pregnancy is available. In the present article, the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO, in the Portuguese acronym) Committee on Endocrine Gynecology provides suggestions to optimize counseling for non-infertile people attempting spontaneous conception.
The Who, What, and Where of Primary TKAs: An Analysis of HCUP Data from 2009 to 2015
Authors: Gwam Chukwuweike , Rosas Samuel , Sullivan Rashad , Luo T. David , Emory Cynthia L. , Plate Johannes F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess (1) temporal trends, (2) primary indication, (3) patient-level demographics (age, race, gender, health status, and median income quartile), and (4) region and hospital type for all patients receiving primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) between 2009 and the third quarter of 2015. The National Inpatient Sample Database (NIS) was used to identify all patients who underwent a TKA between 2009 and the third quarter of 2015. Regression analysis was utilized to assess trends. Chi-square analysis was used to explore categorical variables whereas Kruskal–Wallis test was used to explore nonparametric continuous variables. TKA utilization increased between 2009 and 2015 with the highest volume occurring during the fall. Primary osteoarthritis was the primary indication in 98% of cases. There was an increase in minority representation among recipients. Black TKA recipients were younger and had lower median age-adjusted Charlson's comorbidity index (CCI). Black recipients were most likely to be of the lowest 25% of median income than any other races. The Midwest demonstrated the greatest increase in TKAs performed per 100,000 between 2009 and 2014. Case volumes shifted to urban teaching hospitals between 2009 and 2014. There were differences in age of presentation, preoperative morbidity, and income status among races. Furthermore, our findings revealed a more rapid growth in TKA procedures per 100,000 in the Midwest, in addition to volume shifts toward urban teaching hospitals. Future studies are needed to update our findings as well as explore trends in racial disparities for primary TKA recipients.
Imaging, Surgical, and Pathology Findings of a Myxoid Aortic Sarcoma: When Distal Embolization Uncovers a Bigger Problem
Authors: Calcaterra Domenico , Rosati Carlo , Renfro Leslie , Vardas Panayotis 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAortic sarcomas are a very rare condition typically characterized by a deceiving presentation. Making a correct diagnosis is based on the application of an algorithm which allows to identify the primary disease site and to obtain a tissue diagnosis. Surgical aortic resection with adjuvant therapy offers the best palliation, particularly in cases of well-differentiated tumors with no evidence of diffuse metastatic spread.
Evaluation of BioFoam for Anastomotic Bleeding in Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Alfieri Ottavio 
Published: February 2019

Background Hemostatic agents are increasingly used as an adjunct to standard methods of controlling anastomotic bleeding in surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of BioFoam Surgical Matrix used as an adjunct for anastomotic hemostasis following cardiovascular surgery.
Methods A prospective, multicenter, single arm study was conducted with 75 subjects treated with BioFoam following a total of 105 elective cardiovascular surgical procedures. Time to hemostasis was recorded following a single application of BioFoam in 74 subjects. Safety evaluations included intraoperative administration of a blood product, requirement for alternative means to achieve hemostasis, and the incidence of reoperation for bleeding.
Results Hemostasis within 3 minutes was achieved in 62 (84%) of the 74 subjects and within 10 minutes in 69 (93%) of these subjects. BioFoam was well tolerated. Twelve (16%) of the 75 enrolled subjects each experienced one adverse event, and 13 serious adverse events were reported in 10 (13.3%) of the subjects. None of the adverse events was considered by the Investigators to be related to BioFoam. Blood products were administered to 14 (18.6%) of the 75 subjects, banked autologous blood was given to 5 (6.6%) subjects, and 57 (75.7%) subjects required only a cell saver. Four (5.3%) of the 75 subjects required reoperation for bleeding within 24 hours of surgery. There were no observations of bleeding in any subject at discharge and no reoperation for bleeding following discharge. The mean operation time was 218.2 (±72.2) minutes.
Conclusions This study demonstrates the effectiveness of BioFoam Surgical Matrix when used as an adjunct for anastomotic hemostasis following a broad range of cardiovascular surgical procedures. The safety outcomes were within the normal limits for the types of procedures performed.
Relationship of Handedness with Second to Fourth Digit (2D: 4D) Ratio and its Role in Sexual Dimorphism in Tibeto-Nepalese and Indo-Nepalese Adult Population of the Dharan Municipality, Sunsari District of Eastern Nepal: An Anthropometric Study
Authors: Shah Sandip , Koirala Sarun , Khanal Laxman 
Published: February 2019

Introduction The importance of handedness lies in its relationship with the lateralization of the brain function, especially of language. The aim of the present study was to provide an authentic database on right and left second to fourth digit (2D:4D) ratios in 2 different ethnic groups of a particular age and gender, and to study its correlation with handedness and sexual dimorphism.
Materials and Methods The present study was conducted among 400 Tibeto-Nepalese (TN) subjects (200 of each gender) and 400 Indo-Nepalese (IN) subjects (200 of each gender) aged ≥ 18 years old. The values for the 2D:4D ratio were calculated for both hands. Hand preference was established according to the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory, and five hand preference determination groups were constituted after the calculation of the laterality score. The results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results The mean value of right sided 2D:4D ratio of TN female was higher as compared to IN female; and for left sided 2D:4D ratio, the value was lower in TN female as compared to IN female. When the values of the 2D:4D ratios were assessed by gender, the values were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001), whereas when they were assessed by ethnicity, only the right hand 2D:4D ratio was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001).
Conclusion When the relationships between the laterality score and the 2D:4D ratios were examined, the values were found to be statistically significant in both ethnic groups only on the left side. The 2D:4D ratio shows significant ethnic and population differences in the present study.
Endocannabinoid Signalling in Atherosclerosis and Related Metabolic Complications
Authors: Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Rami Martina , Herzig Stephan , Steffens Sabine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEndocannabinoids are a group of arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators binding to cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. An overactivity of the endocannabinoid system plays a pathophysiological role in the development of visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, elevated circulating endocannabinoid levels are also prevalent in atherosclerosis. The pathophysiological increase of endocannabinoid levels is due to an altered expression of endocannabinoid synthesizing and degrading enzymes induced by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines or lipids. Emerging experimental evidence suggests that enhanced endocannabinoid signalling affects atherosclerosis via multiple effects, including a modulation of vascular inflammation, leukocyte recruitment, macrophage cholesterol metabolism and consequently atherosclerotic plaque stability. In addition, recent findings in various metabolic disease models highlight the relevance of peripheral CB1 cannabinoid receptors in adipose tissue, liver and pancreas, which crucially regulate lipid and glucose metabolism as well as macrophage properties in these organs. This suggests that targeting the endocannabinoid system in the vasculature and peripheral organs might have a therapeutic potential for atherosclerosis by inhibiting vascular inflammation and improving metabolic risk factors. This review will provide a brief update on the effects of endocannabinoid signalling in atherosclerosis and related metabolic complications.
Benign Bone Tumors about the Hip
Authors: Patel Jay , Gianakos Arianna , Miller Justin , Hoskins Tyler , Wittig James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHip pain can often be a challenging patient complaint with a complicated differential diagnosis, in part because there are numerous etiologies of both primary and referred hip pain. It is critical that clinicians be able to properly diagnose and treat these etiologies. Here, the authors present the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of various benign bone tumors around the hip to help clinicians accurately identify these conditions.
Benign Tumor-Like Conditions of the Hip
Authors: Patel Jay , Miller Justin , Gianakos Arianna , Mazzei Christopher , Wittig James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere are numerous benign tumor-like conditions that can affect the hip, both in a systemic and a local manner. Oftentimes, tumor-like conditions are overlooked or omitted from the differential diagnosis. This can lead to a delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. As clinicians, it is important to be able to properly diagnose and treat these conditions in a timely fashion. Here, the authors present the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of various benign tumor-like conditions to help clinicians identify and treat these conditions.
Imageless Navigation Accurately Measures Component Orientation during Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparison with Postoperative Radiographs
Authors: Paprosky Wayne , Muir Jeffrey , Sostak Jennifer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAccurate placement of acetabular components during total hip arthroplasty (THA) is paramount in ensuring long-term stability. Current methods for monitoring cup position and leg length intraoperatively are lacking due to susceptibility to inaccuracy or prohibitive cost. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of an imageless surgical navigation tool to accurately measure acetabular cup inclination and leg length differential during THA. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent primary or revision THA (posterolateral approach) at their facility with the assistance of computer-assisted navigation between February 2016 and March 2017. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were analyzed for leg length discrepancies and acetabular cup inclination. Radiographic values were compared with intraoperative values provided by the surgical navigation tool. The mean difference between inclination as measured from radiographs (44.4 ± 5.9 degrees) and navigation (43.0 ± 4.4 degrees) was −1.4 ± 4.6 degrees (mean absolute difference: 3.8 ± 2.8 degrees). Seventy-seven percent (48/62) of navigation measurements were within 5 degrees of radiographs. The mean difference between radiographic (7.39 ± 5.67 mm) and navigation (7.44 ± 4.81 mm) measurements of leg length differential was 0.29 ± 4.20 mm (mean absolute difference: 3.20 ± 2.69 mm). Navigation tool measurements were within 5 mm of radiographic values in 85% (39/46) of cases. At 90 days, idiopathic dislocation requiring revision surgery occurred in one patient (1.2%) with one additional patient (1.2%) requiring revision surgery due to a traumatic injury (fall). Computer-assisted navigation provided accurate intraoperative data regarding inclination and changes in leg length and was associated with a low rate of dislocation and revision surgery at 90-day follow-up.
E-protein regulatory network links TCR signaling to effector Treg cell differentiation
Authors: Han Xiaojuan , Huang Huarong , Gao Ping , Zhang Qi , Liu Xinyuan , Jia Baoqian , Strober Warren , Hou Baidong , Zhou Xuyu , Gao George Fu , Zhang Fuping 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Effector Treg cells comprise the subset of the Treg cell population that exhibits enhanced regulatory function. Whereas the induction and maintenance of this subset are known to depend on TCR signaling, the underlying molecular mechanisms downstream of such signaling and the contributions of individual TCR-dependent genes to effector Treg cell generation are still poorly understood. In the studies described here differentiated Treg cells in which E-protein (E2A/HEB) expression has been deleted were utilized to demonstrate that E proteins are transcriptional suppressors of a large number of genes associated with effector Treg cell differentiation, localization, function, and proliferation. Thus, this finding indicates that continuous TCR signals modulating E-protein activity is a major mechanism underlying Treg cell acquisition of effector functions.
Metalearners for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects using machine learning
Authors: Künzel Sören R. , Sekhon Jasjeet S. , Bickel Peter J. , Yu Bin 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Estimating and analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects is timely, yet challenging. We introduce a unifying framework for many conditional average treatment effect estimators, and we propose a metalearner, the X-learner, which can adapt to structural properties, such as the smoothness and sparsity of the underlying treatment effect. We present its favorable properties, using theory and simulations. We apply it, using random forests, to two field experiments in political science, where it is shown to be easy to use and to produce results that are interpretable.
Single-molecule excitation–emission spectroscopy
Authors: Thyrhaug Erling , Krause Stefan , Perri Antonio , Cerullo Giulio , Polli Dario , Vosch Tom , Hauer Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The most popular methods of single-molecule detection are based on fixed-wavelength excitation of individual molecules combined with dispersed detection of emission. While these methods are well established, they mainly provide information on the excited-state environment of the fluorophore. Here, we introduce an approach capable of simultaneously acquiring the full information, involving both ground- and excited states, by recording a 2D excitation versus emission map for single molecules by use of a birefringent interferometer. We interpret the results in terms of optical lineshape theory. The presented approach is easily implementable and applicable to a wide range of scientific problems, ranging from spectroscopy of supramolecular biological complexes to materials science.
PGC1A regulates the IRS1:IRS2 ratio during fasting to influence hepatic metabolism downstream of insulin
Authors: Besse-Patin Aurèle , Jeromson Stewart , Levesque-Damphousse Philipa , Secco Blandine , Laplante Mathieu , Estall Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The liver plays crucial roles in the control of glucose homeostasis during the fast-feeding cycle. It responds to insulin and glucagon to either store or provide glucose to other organs. Insulin resistance is a hallmark of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Associations have been made between low hepatic levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1A) and hepatic insulin resistance, but underlying mechanisms are elusive. We show that PGC1A controls the hepatic ratio of Insulin Receptor Substrates 1 (IRS1) and IRS2 expression, crucial for defining the precise insulin signal in hepatocytes to respond to fasting and feeding. Importantly, PGC1A is key for insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production.
Probing the link between residual entropy and viscosity of molecular fluids and model potentials
Authors: Bell Ian H. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
We confirm, based on a large database of experimental measurements, Rosenfeld’s hypothesis from 1977 that the viscosity (a transport property) and the residual entropy (a thermodynamic property) are intimately connected in dense fluid phases. This study also provides a means to estimate viscosity with knowledge of only thermodynamic property information or to characterize a fluid’s full liquid viscosity surface based upon a very small number of high-accuracy experimental measurements.
Reactive oxygen species modulate macrophage immunosuppressive phenotype through the up-regulation of PD-L1
Authors: Roux Cecilia , Jafari Soode Moghadas , Shinde Rahul , Duncan Gordon , Cescon David W. , Silvester Jennifer , Chu Mandy F. , Hodgson Kelsey , Berger Thorsten , Wakeham Andrew , Palomero Luis , Garcia-Valero Mar , Pujana Miguel A. , Mak Tak W. , McGaha Tracy L. , Cappello Paola , Gorrini Chiara 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceImmunotherapies targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have recently been combined with standard chemotherapy to potentiate the treatment of solid tumors, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been directly linked to the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy. Here we report that ROS induced either by chemotherapy (paclitaxel) or antioxidant depletion induce PD-L1 expression in macrophages. PD-L1 positive macrophages have immune-suppressive and angiogenic properties that interfere with the efficacy of paclitaxel in vivo. Indeed, PD-L1 blockade reverts this effect and synergizes with paclitaxel to reduce tumor growth. Our work reveals a pathway that further supports the importance of combining taxane and PD-L1 inhibitors as promising anticancer strategy in TNBC.
Aging Alters Phenotypic Traits of Thyroid Dysfunction in Male Mice With Divergent Effects on Complex Systems but Preserved Thyroid Hormone Action in Target Organs
Authors: Engels Kathrin , Rakov Helena , Hönes Georg Sebastian , Brix Klaudia , Köhrle Josef , Zwanziger Denise , Moeller, Lars Christian , Führer Dagmar , Führer-Sakel Dagmar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism vary with age, with an attenuated, oligosymptomatic presentation of thyroid dysfunction (TD) in older patients. We asked, whether in rodents TD phenotypes are influenced by age and whether this involves changes in systemic and/or organ thyroid hormone (TH) signaling. Chronic hyper- or hypothyroidism was induced in male mice at different life stages (5, 12, and 20 months). TH excess resulted in pronounced age-specific body weight changes (increase in youngest and decrease in old mice), neither explained by changes in food intake (similar increase at all ages), nor by thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) or TH serum concentrations. Relative increase in body temperature and activity were more pronounced in old compared to young hyperthyroid mice. An attenuated hypothyroid state was found in old mice for locomotor activity and in heart and BAT on functional (less bradycardia) and gene expression level (heart and BAT). In contrast, decrease in body weight was pronounced in old hypothyroid mice. Thus, age has divergent impact on features of TD in mice, whereby effects on highly complex systems, such as energy homeostasis are not proportional to serum TH state, in contrast to organ-specific responses in heart and BAT.
Reassessing the Cold War and the Far-Right: Fascist Legacies and the Making of the Liberal International Order after 1945
Authors: Anievas Alexander , Saull Richard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article intervenes in IR debates on the origins and character of the postwar liberal international order. Dominant theorizations of the US-led Western order rest on a shared assumption of its essentially post-fascist character based on the liberal-democratic properties of its constitutive members. This article challenges this prevailing view. It does so through a critical historical and theoretical exploration of the role of far-right ideopolitical forces in the development of the liberal international order during the early Cold War period. Drawing on the concepts of “uneven and combined development” and “passive revolution” as alternative theoretical frames, the article focuses particular attention on the significance of former fascists in the workings and institutional fabric of a number of West European states and the relationship between the United States and NATO in far-right coup-plotting and violence that punctuated their national histories. Demonstrating these far-right “contributions” to the making and evolution of the Cold War order, the article offers a reconceptualization of liberal order construction and US hegemony that not only problematizes existing accounts of Cold War geopolitics but also demonstrates the structural interconnections between the far-right and liberal order-building projects that goes beyond the Cold War era.