bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality in der Augenheilkunde: Technische Innovation ergänzt studentische Lehre
Authors: Loidl Max , Schneider Achim , Keis Oliver , Öchsner Wolfgang , Grab-Kroll Claudia , Lang Gerhard K. , Kampmeier Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund An der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Ulm werden die Lernziele der Augenheilkunde den Studierenden schwerpunktmäßig in einer einwöchigen Blockveranstaltung im 4. Studienjahr vermittelt. Gemäß des Nationalen Kompetenzbasierten Lernzielkatalogs Medizin (NKLM) zählt zu diesen Lernzielen auch die klinische Untersuchung des Auges inklusive der Augenhintergrunduntersuchung. Um diese im NKLM definierte Kompetenz bestmöglich zu trainieren, wurde an der Augenklinik der Universität Ulm ein neuartiger, auf „Augmented Reality“ basierender Trainingssimulator (Eyesi Indirect, VRmagic Holding AG, Mannheim) in die Lehre integriert. Im Rahmen der durchgeführten Blockwoche wurden 2 Kernfragen untersucht: Steigert der einwöchige Blockunterricht das Interesse für das Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde? Wie beurteilen Studierende dabei den Einsatz einer innovativen E-Learning-Technologie verglichen mit 3 anderen klassischen Lehrmethoden zum Erlernen der Ophthalmoskopie?
Material/Methoden Im Rahmen der studentischen Lehre (Blockwochen Juli und Oktober 2016) wurden 292 Studierende per Fragebogen jeweils am Anfang und am Ende der einwöchigen Veranstaltung anonym und auf freiwilliger Basis bezüglich ihrer Einschätzung der Blockwoche und des Trainingssimulators befragt. Die Ophthalmoskopien wurden klassisch am Ophthalmoskop-Trainer, am Kopfmodell und an Kommilitonen geübt und anschließend am neuen Simulator durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt zeigte sich bei den Studierenden ein nur geringes Interesse für das Fachgebiet Augenheilkunde. Die Blockwoche konnte jedoch dazu beitragen, das Interesse zu steigern (p < 0,001). Auch die Attraktivitätseinschätzungen vor und nach der Blockwoche bezüglich der Augenheilkunde als späteres Berufsziel und als Wahlfach im Praktischen Jahr ließen sich signifikant steigern (p < 0,001 bzw. p = 0,031). Hinsichtlich des Einsatzes innovativer E-Learning-Technologien konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Umgang mit dem Simulator zum Erlernen der Ophthalmoskopie von den Studierenden attraktiver eingeschätzt wurde als die klassischen technikgestützten Lehrmethoden (alle p < 0,01). Die Freude am Lernen konnte tendenziell nur durch das Üben am Kommilitonen weiter gesteigert werden (p = 0,051).
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Untersuchung zeigen eine positive Auswirkung der Blockwoche auf die Attraktivitätseinschätzung des Fachgebiets durch die teilnehmenden Studierenden. E-Learning-Methoden können die Freude am Lernen steigern. Einen vollständigen Ersatz der Übungen am realen Menschen kann der Trainingssimulator allerdings nicht liefern.
Wenn gehörlose Kinder hörend werden – Auswirkungen der
CI-Versorgung von gehörlosen Kindern gehörloser Eltern auf deren
Familiensituation
Authors: Leonhardt Annette 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung1993 wurden erstmalig gehörlose Kinder von gehörlosen Eltern mit CI versorgt. Die
Situation dieser Kinder und ihrer Eltern ist immer wieder Gegenstand von
Forschungen des seit 2000 bestehenden Münchner Forschungsprogramms „Gehörlose
Eltern und Kinder mit CI“. Zu diesem gehört die Teilstudie „Familiensituation
von gehörlosen Eltern mit CI-Kindern“. Eines der Ergebnisse dieser Studie ist,
dass die implantierten Kinder die Rolle von Codas übernehmen. Das zeigt sich
insbesondere in der Übernahme von Dolmetschleistungen für die Eltern.
Klinik und Genetik von Augenentwicklungsstörungen: MAC-Spektrum und Vorderabschnittsdysgenesien
Authors: Käsmann-Kellner Barbara , Moslemani Kayed , Seitz Berthold 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungZur Steuerung der Entwicklung des okulären Phänotyps sind mehrere aufeinander abgestimmte Schritte von zeitlich und räumlich organisierten vernetzten Auslösern (Induktionen) notwendig. Dies wird auf dem Niveau der Transkription reguliert. Entscheidend sind hier die sog. Mastergene oder DNA-bindende Transkriptionsfaktoren PAX6, FOXC1, SOX2, FOXE3, OTX2, PITX2 und PAX2. Abhängig vom Phänotyp kann auf die Gestationszeit geschlossen werden, in der die okuläre Entwicklung tiefgreifend gestört wurde. Die Neuralleistenzellen tragen wesentlich zur Entwicklung der Augenstrukturen, insbesondere der vorderen Augenabschnitte, bei. Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die embryonale Entwicklung okulärer Strukturen und stellt dann die tiefgreifenden Entwicklungsstörungen der Augen vor: phänotypische und genetische Besonderheiten beim MAC-Spektrum (Mikrophthalmie, Anophthalmus, Kolobom) sowie bei Vorderabschnittsdysgenesien (Axenfeld-Rieger-Spektrum, Aniridie, Peters-Anomalie) und skizziert die bei diesen Erkrankungen auftretenden systemischen Beteiligungen. Bei der klinischen und genetischen Diagnostik ist der entscheidende Faktor die genaue phänotypische Charakterisierung, die jeder genetischen Diagnostik vorangestellt werden muss und nach der sich die Auswahl der diagnostischen Optionen richtet. Eine „Schrotschussdiagnostik“ auf alle beschriebenen Gene, die bei der embryonalen Augenbildung beteiligt sind, ist kostenintensiv und weniger effektiv als eine phänotypisch orientierte Selektion der für das beschriebene Erkrankungsbild häufigen Gene, gefolgt von den selteneren Genen in einem 2. oder 3. molekulargenetischen Schritt.
Efficacy of a Homeopathic Medicine of Capsicum frutescens L. (Solanaceae) in the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women: A Phase-2 Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andrade Débora , Carmona Fabio , Angelucci Mateus , Martinez Edson , Pereira Ana 
Published: February 2019

Background Hot flashes are common in women during menopause, and are an important cause of discomfort, increasing the number of medical appointments. Hormone replacement therapy is an effective treatment, but it can bring undesirable consequences. Alternative treatments exist but they are not universally accepted or effective. The ingestion of malagueta peppers (popular name for fruits of Capsicum frutescens L., Solanaceae) causes sensations similar to those experienced by women during hot flashes. Using the homeopathic law of similars (let like be cured by like), we hypothesized that a homeopathic remedy made of malagueta peppers can be effective in alleviating menopausal hot flashes. We named this remedy Malagueta.
Methods This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase-2 clinical trial was designed to test the hypothesis that, in menopausal women, the homeopathic medicine Malagueta (30 CH), compared with placebo, will significantly reduce the intensity of hot flashes, after 4 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the intensity of hot flashes, measured by the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP) instrument. A total of 40 women were enrolled in the study, 20 in each group.
Results The effect of Malagueta on the primary outcome, the intensity of hot flashes, assessed by MYMOP, was superior to that of placebo over the 4 weeks of treatment, with worsening in both groups after treatment was interrupted (after week 4, p < 0.001 in ordinal logistic regression). The odds ratio for treatment response (reduction of at least three MYMOP categories) was 2.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 10.05). Treatment with Malagueta, compared with placebo, also reduced the intensity of the secondary symptoms (p = 0.001) and improved level of activity (p = 0.025) and well-being (p = 0.008).
Conclusion The homeopathic medicine of Capsicum frutescens (Malagueta) was superior to placebo in reducing the intensity of hot flashes in menopausal women after 4 weeks of treatment.
Necessary Factors to Achieve Deep Flexion for Asian Populations after Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Inui Hiroshi , Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Kawaguchi Kohei , Nakazato Keiu , Tanaka Sakae 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere have been many reports on the clinical outcomes of Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA); however, none have investigated the influence of flexion angle after UKA on clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between outcomes and the postoperative maximum flexion angle and reveal the necessary factors for maximum flexion angle ≥ 140 degrees which is considered necessary for Asian populations. We categorized 212 UKA patients into the following three groups based on the postoperative maximum flexion angle: group 1 had flexion angle ≥ 140 degrees in 80 patients (38%), group 2 had 130 degrees ≤ flexion angle < 140 degrees in 80 patients (38%), and group 3 had flexion angle < 130 degrees in 52 patients (24%). Furthermore, we compared the postoperative clinical outcomes between the three groups and conducted multivariable regression analyses to assess parameters affecting the flexion angle. Postoperative Knee Society function scores for group 1 was significantly higher than for group 3. Group 1 had higher mean knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS) in all subscales and significantly higher KOOS scores in the sports and quality of life subscales compared with group 2 and in all subscales compared with group 3. Multivariable logistic regression showed that preoperative flexion angle and tibial component posterior slope were associated with maximum flexion angle ≥ 140 degrees. Maximum flexion angle ≥ 140 degrees after Oxford UKA improved the clinical results, particularly for patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, the tibial posterior slope was an important factor in achieving maximum flexion angle ≥ 140 degrees in UKA patients.
Tackling the problems of deficient data when planning for religious tourism management.
Authors: Enongene V. , Griffin K. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter stresses the importance of available, relevant and up-to-date data for effectively planning for religious tourism, for the advancement of tourism knowledge and for the enhancement of visitor experiences (pre and post visit). The chapter highlights Italy, Saudi Arabia and Israel as exceptional cases when it comes to data about religious tourism and pilgrimage; and provides practical solutions for dealing with the lack of data in Ireland.
Analysis of territorial development and management practices along the way of St James in Galicia (Spain).
Authors: Lopez L. , Santos X. M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter presents an empirical analysis of the territorial, economic and social impacts of management tools adopted for the tourist development of the Way of St James pilgrimage route. The benefits and inconveniences of such practices are evaluated, highlighting the best practice of the Way, and reflections are shared upon improvements for future management practices.
Managing cultural shift within religious sites in UK and the role of the performing and visual arts as transforming the experiences of visitors.
Authors: Morpeth N. D. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

This chapter considers the changing status of religious sites in the UK and the role of both visual and performing arts in relation to the experience of visitors at religious sites. Consideration is given to the concept of culture, and cultural production and consumption as significant elements of the so-called cultural shifts or cultural turns, in relation to the changing role of religion within society. Specific consideration is given to the context of a UK City of Culture, namely Hull, and how Holy Trinity Church (re-designated as Hull Minster during the City of Culture in May 2017) has embraced different aspects of culture, to be a key partner and host of different aspects of both visual and performing arts. In communicating this example of engagement between the material and the spiritual world, this chapter explores the adaptability of places of worship to meet the challenge of secularization and to demonstrate that in hosting everyday cultural celebration, they can be at the vanguard of cultural shifts or cultural curves in society.
Agricultural practices for crop residue transformation into soil organic matter in cold humid temperate agroecosystems.
Authors: Tian Tian , Whalen J. K. , Dutilleul P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Understanding how agricultural practices affect crop residue retention in soil organic matter (SOM) fractions is necessary to apply strategies that maintain or increase the SOM level in cold humid temperate agroecosystems. This review describes how SOM fractions, i.e. physically uncomplexed, aggregate-occluded and mineral-associated SOM, are influenced by crop residue inputs, considering that the amount of residue and its residence time within each fraction is impacted by climate, edaphic properties and residue characteristics. We also investigate how agricultural practices may improve residue retention. In cold humid temperate regions, crop residues can account for 17-62% of the light fraction (as physically uncomplexed SOM), 20-60% of aggregate-occluded SOM and a considerable amount of mineral-associated SOM, depending on the time of year when samples are collected. Crop residue retention within each fraction is strongly influenced by clay content and mineralogy. Physico-chemical characteristics of crop residues affect their transformation into SOM fractions. Agricultural practices within a cropping system, such as tillage, fertilization and residue management, determine the amount and timing of residue introduction to the agroecosystem, as well as the quantity of residues that are retained in the soil. Practices leading to residue retention within mineral-associated SOM, which has the longest residence time, are important to sustain the SOM pool. We recommend agricultural practices that build and sustain the aggregate-occluded and mineral-associated SOM reserves, including tillage practices that promote residue retention, judicious fertilization and continuous cropping.
Kinematic and kinetic differences in block and split‐stance standing starts during 30 m sprint‐running
Authors: Macadam Paul , Nuell Sergi , Cronin John B. , Nagahara Ryu , Uthoff Aaron M. , Graham Scott P. , Tinwala Farhan , Neville Jono 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to understand the kinematic and kinetic differences between two sprint starts: block and split‐stance standing. Fourteen sub‐elite male sprinters (100 m time: 11.40 ± 0.39 s) performed block and split‐stance standing starts sprints over 30 m of in‐ground force platforms in a randomised order. Independent t‐tests and repeated measures mixed model analysis of variance were used to analyse the between‐condition variables across conditions, and over four step phases. Block start sprints resulted in significantly (p < .05) faster 5 m (5.0%, effect size [ES] = 0.89) and 10 m (3.5%, ES = 0.82) times, but no significant differences were found at 20 and 30 m. No significant differences were found in any kinematic measure between starting positions. However, block starts resulted in significantly (p < .001) greater propulsive impulses (6.8%, ES = 1.35) and net anterior‐posterior impulses (6.5%, ES = 1.12) during steps 1–4, compared to the standing start. Block starts enable athletes to produce a greater amount of net anterior‐posterior impulse during early accelerated sprinting, resulting in faster times up to 10 m. When seeking to improve initial acceleration performance, practitioners may wish to train athletes from a block start to improve horizontal force production.
Importance of Prospective Studies in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Colbers Angela , Mirochnick Mark , Schalkwijk Stein , Penazzato Martina , Townsend Claire , Burger David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecently, the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency issued warnings on the use of dolutegravir and darunavir/cobicistat for treatment of pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It took 3–5 years to identify the risks associated with the use of these antiretroviral drugs, during which time pregnant women were exposed to these drugs in clinical care, outside of controlled clinical trial settings. Across all antiretroviral drugs, the interval between registration of new drugs and first data on pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnancy becoming available is around 6 years. In this viewpoint, we provide considerations for clinical pharmacology research to provide safe and effective treatment of pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV and their children. These recommendations will lead to timelier availability of safety and pharmacokinetic information needed to develop safe treatment strategies for pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV, and are applicable to other chronic disease areas requiring medication during pregnancy.
Applying a clampless haemostatic device for left ventricular assist device outflow graft anastomosis
Authors: Mehdiani Arash , Albert Alexander , Lichtenberg Artur , Saeed Diyar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Performing a left ventricular assist device outflow graft anastomosis in redo cases with a short ascending aorta and open vein grafts requires side clamping of the aorta and may necessitate temporary clamping of the vein grafts to optimize the surgical field. We aim to describe the technique and report our experience with applying the HeartString® device for the anastomosis of the left ventricular assist device outflow graft in 2 male patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy following coronary artery bypass surgery. The feasibility of using the HeartString device has been shown and no procedure-related complication was documented.
The Influence of Preoperative Medications on Postoperative Complications in Patients After Intestinal Surgery for Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Yu Chang Sik , Jung Sung Woo , Lee Jong Lyul , Lim Seok-Byung , Park In Ja , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Chan Wook , Ynag Suk-Kyun , Ye Byong Duk , Park Sang Hyoung , Han Minkyu , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Many patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are treated with medications, including steroids, immunomodulators, and anti–tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) agents, at the time of surgery. This study evaluated the effects of these medications on postoperative complications in CD patients.

Methods
This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent bowel resection for CD between January 2006 and December 2015. Postoperative complications were defined as a Clavien-Dindo classification of grade 2A or higher within the first 30 days after surgery.

Results
Of the 817 patients enrolled, 687 patients received bowel resection and anastomosis without stoma formation. Of 687 patients, 381 (55.5%) were being treated with preoperative medications at the time of surgery (medication group) and 306 (44.5%) were not (nonmedication group). The overall rate of postoperative complications was not different between the medication and nonmedication groups (23.4% vs 21.9%, P = 0.36). Preoperative treatments with immunomodulators plus anti-TNF-α agents (relative risk [RR], 2.314; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.126–4.753; P = 0.022) and treatment with immunomodulators plus steroids (RR, 2.536; 95% CI, 1.124–5.725; P = 0.025) were risk factors for infectious complications. Preoperative treatments with immunomodulators plus anti-TNF-α agents (RR, 2.731; 95% CI, 1.102–6.769; P = 0.03) and treatment with immunomodulators plus steroids (RR, 3.118; 95% CI, 1.169–8.320; P = 0.023) were significantly associated with increased risk of intra-abdominal sepsis.

Conclusions
Preoperative treatments with immunomodulators plus anti-TNF-α agents or steroids were risk factors for infectious complications, especially intra-abdominal sepsis in patients who underwent bowel resection and anastomosis.
Analytic solutions for calcium ion fertilisation waves on the surface of eggs
Authors: Bradshaw-Hajek Bronwyn H , Broadbridge Philip 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The evolution of calcium fertilisation waves on the cortex of amphibian eggs can be described by a nonlinear reaction-diffusion process on the surface of a sphere. Here, we use the nonclassical symmetry technique to find an exact analytic solution that describes the evolution of the calcium concentration. The solutions presented compare well with published experimental results. The analytic solution can be used to give insight into the processes governing the fertilisation wave, such as the flow of calcium ions from the sperm entry point. By finding a spiral solution to an approximate equation linearised near saturation, we also demonstrate how solutions with other properties may be constructed using this technique.
The complex case of EHRs: examining the factors impacting the EHR user experience
Authors: Tutty Michael A , Carlasare Lindsey E , Lloyd Stacy , Sinsky Christine A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Physicians can spend more time completing administrative tasks in their electronic health record (EHR) than engaging in direct face time with patients. Increasing rates of burnout associated with EHR use necessitate improvements in how EHRs are developed and used. Although EHR design often bears the brunt of the blame for frustrations expressed by physicians, the EHR user experience is influenced by a variety of factors, including decisions made by entities other than the developers and end users, such as regulators, policymakers, and administrators. Identifying these key influences can help create a deeper understanding of the challenges in developing a better EHR user experience. There are multiple opportunities for regulators, policymakers, EHR developers, payers, health system leadership, and users each to make changes to collectively improve the use and efficacy of EHRs.