bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borrowing Constraints, Home Ownership and Housing Choice: Evidence from Intra‐Family Wealth Transfers
Authors: BLICKLE KRISTIAN , BROWN MARTIN 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study the impact of borrowing constraints on home ownership and housing demand by comparing the tenure choice and housing quality of consumers who receive intra‐family wealth transfers to those that do not. Our analysis is based on household‐level panel data providing information on the receipt of wealth transfers, changes in tenure status as well as changes in the size and quality of housing. On average we find that the receipt of a wealth transfer increases the propensity of consumers to transition from renters to home‐owners by 6–8 percentage points (35% of the sample mean). Additional analyses suggest that this effect is unlikely to be driven by wealth effects and can thus be attributed to the relaxation of borrowing constraints. By contrast, wealth transfers do not increase the likelihood that existing homeowners “trade‐up” to larger homes in better locations.
Balanced‐Budget Rules and Aggregate Instability: The Role of Endogenous Capital Utilization
Authors: HUANG KEVIN X.D. , MENG QINGLAI , XUE JIANPO 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has long been demonstrated that in a closed economy a balanced‐budget fiscal policy can induce aggregate instability unrelated to economic fundamentals. The empirical relevance of this result has been challenged by many studies. In this paper, we show that such extrinsic instability associated with a balanced‐budget rule is a robust phenomenon in a similar closed‐economy setting enhanced with endogenous capital utilization. This suggests that the design or operation of a balanced‐budget fiscal policy should recognize that it may constitute a potential source of self‐fulfilling prophecies and belief‐driven fluctuations.
Low‐Pand high‐Tmetamorphism of basalts: Insights from the Sudbury impact melt sheet aureole and thermodynamic modelling
Authors: Jørgensen Taus R. C. , Tinkham Douglas K. , Lesher C. Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLow‐pressure and high‐temperature (LP–HT) metamorphism of basaltic rocks, which occurs globally and throughout geological time, is rarely constrained by forward phase equilibrium modelling, yet such calculations provide valuable supplementary thermometric information and constraints on anatexis that are not possible to obtain from conventional thermometry. Metabasalts along the southern margin of the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) record evidence of high‐grade contact metamorphism involving partial melting and melt segregation. Peak metamorphic temperatures reached at least ~925°C at ~1–3 kbar near theSICcontact. Preservation of the peak mineral assemblage indicates that most of the generated melt escaped from these rocks leaving a residuum characterized by a plagioclase–orthopyroxene–clinopyroxene–ilmenite‐magnetite±melt assemblage. Peak temperatures reached ~875°C up to 500 m from theSIClower contact, which marks the transition to metabasalts that only experienced incipient partial melting without melt loss. Metabasalts ~500 to 750 m from theSICcontact are characterized by a similar two‐pyroxene mineral assemblage, but typically contain abundant hornblende that overgrew clino‐ and orthopyroxene along an isobaric cooling path. Metabasalts ~750 to 1,000 m from theSICcontact are characterized by a hornblende–plagioclase–quartz–ilmenite assemblage indicating temperatures up to ~680°C. Mass balance and phase equilibria calculations indicate that anatexis resulted in 10–20% melt generation in the inner ~500 m of the aureole, with even higher degrees of melting towards the contact. Comparison of multiple models, experiments, and natural samples indicates that modelling in the Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O–TiO2–O2(NCFMASHTO) system results in the most reliable predictions for the temperature of the solidus. Incorporation of K2O in the most recent amphibole solution model now successfully predicts dehydration melting by the coexistence of high‐Ca amphibole and silicate melt at relatively low pressures (~1.5 kbar). However, inclusion of K2O as a system component results in prediction of the solidus at too low a temperature. Although there are discrepancies between modelling predictions and experimental results, this study demonstrates that the pseudosection approach to mafic rocks is an invaluable tool to constrain metamorphic processes atLP–HTconditions.
Role of βarrestin1 in AT1R‐mediated mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation in Wistar and SHR brainstem astrocytes
Authors: Negussie Shmuel , Lymperopoulos Anastasios , Clark Michelle A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstractβarrestin (βarr)‐1 and ‐2 are ubiquitously (outside the retina) expressed G‐protein‐coupled receptor adapter proteins. They uncouple G‐protein‐coupled receptors from G proteins, internalize the receptor, and subsequently initiate their own wave of signaling independently of G proteins. Angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1R) is a well‐established example of a receptor signaling through βarrs. Despite the pivotal role of brain AT1Rs in the regulation of blood pressure, the involvement of βarr‐dependent signaling, mediated by AT1Rs is not well studied. Particularly, in brain astrocytes very little is known about the effects of βarrs in AT1R signaling. Herein, we utilized a combination of pharmacological and gene manipulation approaches to investigate the role of βarrs in AT1R‐mediated signaling in isolated brainstem astrocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar rats. We observed that βarr1 is the predominant arrestin isoform at the protein level in these cells. Its expression was down‐regulated in SHR astrocytes compared to Wistar rat astrocytes. Ang II, contrary to observations in SHR astrocytes where it had no effect, up‐regulates βarr1 protein in Wistar rat astrocytes. We observed differential involvement of βarr1 in MAPK activation in brainstem astrocytes of SHR versus Wistar rats. The βarr‐biased agonist peptide [Sar1, Il4, Il8] Ang‐II (SII), induced AT1R‐mediated ERK and p38 activation in Wistar rat astrocytes. SII had no effect on ERK and p38 activation in SHRs brainstem astrocytes. Our results indicate, reduced involvement of βarr1 in dampening Ang II‐induced MAPKs activation and diminished βarr1‐mediated ERK and p38 activation in SHR brainstem astrocytes. These findings might be mechanistically related to the development of the brain renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hyperactivity, which leads to pathogenesis of the hypertensive state of the SHR model.
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Theories from the Lab: How Research on Science Commercialization can Contribute to Management Studies
Authors: Fini Riccardo , Rasmussen Einar , Wiklund Johan , Wright Mike 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUniversities and research centres have long been used to study management issues. A growing body of research has focused on how science can be effectively commercialized, emphasizing technology commercialization activities, university–industry collaborations, and academic entrepreneurship. While much of this work has documented empirical relationships, our aim in this introductory article of the special issue is to show how research on science commercialization may yield conceptual contributions to the field of management. Hence, we first discuss the importance of context for theory development. We then review how the science commercialization context has been used for theory development, identifying two facets used to conceptualize science commercialization (i.e., managing the transition between institutional contexts, and the multiple goals and impacts of actors engaging in science commercialization). This forms the basis for discussing what makes this context suited for theory development in general management and for outlining a future research agenda. We conclude by summarizing the papers in the special issue.
Automatic sleep classification using adaptive segmentation reveals an increased number of rapid eye movement sleep transitions
Authors: Koch Henriette , Jennum Poul , Christensen Julie A. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe reference standard for sleep classification uses manual scoring of polysomnography with fixed 30‐s epochs. This limits the analysis of sleep pattern, structure and, consequently, detailed association with other physiologic processes. We aimed to improve the details of sleep evaluation by developing a data‐driven method that objectively classifies sleep in smaller time intervals.Two adaptive segmentation methods using 3, 10 and 30‐s windows were compared. One electroencephalographic (EEG) channel was used to segment into quasi‐stationary segments and each segment was classified using a multinomial logistic regression model. Classification features described the power in the clinical frequency bands of three EEG channels and an electrooculographic (EOG) anticorrelation measure for each segment. The models were optimised using 19 healthy control subjects and validated on 18 healthy control subjects. The models obtained overall accuracies of 0.71 ± 0.09, 0.74 ± 0.09 and 0.76 ± 0.08 on the validation data. However, the models allowed a more dynamic sleep, which challenged a true validation against manually scored hypnograms with fixed epochs.The automated classifications indicated an increased number of stage transitions and shorter sleep bouts using models with smaller window size compared with the hypnograms. An increased number of transitions from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was likewise expressed in the model using 30‐s windows, indicating that REM sleep has more fluctuations than captured by today's standard.The models developed are generally applicable and may contribute to concise sleep structure evaluation, research in sleep control and improved understanding of sleep and sleep disorders. The models could also contribute to objective measuring of sleep stability.
Montane valley grasslands are highly resistant to summer wildfire
Authors: Suazo Martina M. , Collins Scott L. , Parmenter Robert R. , Muldavin Esteban 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsUnderstanding the ecological role of fire in shaping plant communities in fire‐prone ecosystems is needed for ecosystem restoration, preservation and management. We investigated the effects of wildfire on plant community structure and the biotic and abiotic factors that are most influential in stabilizing and/or driving change before and after burning in high‐elevation montane grasslands dominated by C3 species receiving a mean annual precipitation of 545 mm.LocationValles Caldera National Preserve, Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, USA.MethodsLong‐term data (10 year pre‐fire; 5 year post‐fire) on plant community composition of nine burned and seven unburned grassland sites were used to determine the response of montane grasslands to a summer wildfire. We used multivariate and univariate analyses to determine changes in plant community composition and structure, pre‐ and post‐wildfire on burned and unburned grasslands.ResultsThe montane grassland community consisted of 155 plant taxa, including 44 perennial grasses, one annual grass, 92 perennial forbs and nine annual forbs. We found that these fire‐adapted plant communities were highly resilient to fire; fire had no significant effects on composition or structure beyond the normal range of inter‐annual variability. Instead, seasonal precipitation had the largest influence on plant community dynamics over time, with lower average plant canopy height and diversity during drought periods.ConclusionOur results show that fire has very limited effects on the composition and structure of these C3‐dominated montane grasslands. Our results support efforts by land managers to reintroduce fire on these historically burned landscapes.
Deciphering the drivers of negative species–genetic diversity correlation in Alpine amphibians
Authors: Marchesini Alexis , Vernesi Cristiano , Battisti Andrea , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary and ecological importance of neutral and adaptive genetic diversity is widely recognized. Nevertheless, genetic diversity is rarely assessed for conservation planning, which often implicitly assumes a positive correlation between species and genetic diversity. Multiple drivers can cause the co‐variation between the genetic diversity of one species and the richness of the whole communities, and explicit tests are needed to identify the processes that can determine species–genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs). Here, we tested whether intrapopulation genetic diversity (at neutral loci) and species richness co‐vary in the amphibian communities of a southern Alpine region (Trentino, Italy), using the common frog (Rana temporaria) as focal species for the study of genetic diversity. We also analysed ecological similarity, niche overlap and interspecific interactions between the species, to unravel the processes determining SGDC. The neutral genetic diversity of common frogs was negatively related to species richness. The negative SGDC was probably due to an opposite influence of environmental gradients on the two levels of biodiversity, since the focal species and the other amphibians differ in ecological preferences, particularly in terms of thermal optimum. Conversely, we did not find evidence for a role of interspecific interactions in the negative SGDC. Our findings stress that species richness cannot be used as a universal proxy for genetic diversity, and only combining SGDC with analyses on the determinants of biodiversity can allow to identify the processes determining the relationships between genetic and species diversity.
Rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is associated with microglial reactivity and small heat shock protein expression in reactive astrocytes
Authors: Gorter R. P. , Stephenson J. , Nutma E. , Anink J. , de Jonge J. C. , Baron W. , Jahreiβ M.‐C. , Belien J. A. M. , van Noort J. M. , Mijnsbergen C. , Aronica E. , Amor S. 
Published: October 2018

AimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, muscle weakness, spasticity, paralysis and death usually within 2–5 years of onset. Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of ALS pathology characterized by activation of glial cells, which respond by upregulating small heat shock proteins (HSPBs), but the exact underlying pathological mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the association between ALS disease duration, lower motor neuron loss, TARDNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) pathology, neuroinflammation and HSPB expression.MethodsWith immunohistochemistry, we examined HSPB1, HSPB5, HSPB6, HSPB8 and HSP16.2 expression in cervical, thoracic and sacral spinal cord regions in 12 ALS cases, seven with short disease duration (SDD), five with moderate disease duration (MDD), and ten age‐matched controls. Expression was quantified using ImageJ to examine HSP expression, motor neuron numbers, microglial and astrocyte density and phosphorylated TDP‐43 (pTDP‐43+) inclusions.ResultsSDD was associated with elevated HSPB5 and 8 expression in lateral tract astrocytes, while HSP16.2 expression was increased in astrocytes in MDD cases. SDD cases had higher numbers of motor neurons and microglial activation than MDD cases, but similar levels of motor neurons with pTDP‐43+ inclusions.ConclusionsIncreased expression of several HSPBs in lateral column astrocytes suggests that astrocytes play a role in the pathogenesis of ALS. SDD is associated with increased microgliosis, HSPB5 and 8 expression in astrocytes, and only minor changes in motor neuron loss. This suggests that the interaction between motor neurons, microglia and astrocytes determines neuronal fate and functional decline in ALS.
Traumatic brachial plexopathy in a patient with off‐state Parkinson disease
Authors: Hoshiyama Eisei , Kokubun Norito , Hirata Koichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe patient was a 67‐year‐old woman who had an advanced Parkinson disease. She developed flaccid monoplegia with areflexia in the right upper limb after a fall during off‐state. Neurophysiological examinations revealed a neurapraxia in the proximal segment of the peripheral nerves. MRI showed high signal intensity in the right supraclavicular area including the brachial plexus and peripheral tissue on short TI inversion recovery images, which supported the diagnosis of the crush injury. The diagnosis of the traumatic brachial plexopathy was made. By the combination of neurophysiological examination and MRI, more elaborate diagnosis of the traumatic nerve injuries can be made.
Severe visual impairment and subclinical encephalitis preceding clinical signs of chondritis in relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Miyano Ryoji , Kurihara Masanori , Orimo Kenta , Mano Tatsuo , Kaburaki Toshikatsu , Tanaka Rie , Nishijima Hironobu , Ikemura Masako , Takahashi Miwako , Mori Harushi , Mutoh Tatsuro , Hamada Masashi , Hayashi Toshihiro , Toda Tatsushi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 71‐year‐old woman with a 6‐month history of relapsing bilateral anterior scleritis presented with severe right visual impairment due to posterior scleritis. Despite radiological signs of encephalitis, the patient and her family members noticed no cognitive decline. The patient subsequently developed slight auricular pain without any visual changes such as redness or swelling, which, however, showed increased uptake of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose on positron emission tomography. Auricular cartilage biopsy revealed perichondrial inflammation suggesting relapsing polychondritis. Steroid therapy improved her symptoms and radiological findings. This case illustrates that asymptomatic brain inflammatory lesions can precede clinical signs of chondritis in relapsing polychondritis, and that auricular cartilage biopsy should be considered even with mild auricular pain without apparent clinical findings of inflammation.
Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides promote lateral root formation and modify auxin homeostasis in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Buendia Luis , Maillet Fabienne , O'Connor Devin , van de‐Kerkhove Quitterie , Danoun Saida , Gough Clare , Lefebvre Benoit , Bensmihen Sandra 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) are microbial symbiotic signals that also influence root growth. In Medicago truncatula, LCOs stimulate lateral root formation (LRF) synergistically with auxin. However, the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon and whether it is restricted to legume plants are not known.

We have addressed the capacity of the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) to respond to LCOs and auxin for LRF. For this, we used a combination of root phenotyping assays, live‐imaging and auxin quantification, and analysed the regulation of auxin homeostasis genes.

We show that LCOs and a low dose of the auxin precursor indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) stimulated LRF in Brachypodium, while a combination of LCOs and IBA led to different regulations. Both LCO and IBA treatments locally increased endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content, whereas the combination of LCO and IBA locally increased the endogenous concentration of a conjugated form of IAA (IAA‐Ala). LCOs, IBA and the combination differentially controlled expression of auxin homeostasis genes.

These results demonstrate that LCOs are active on Brachypodium roots and stimulate LRF probably through regulation of auxin homeostasis. The interaction between LCO and auxin treatments observed in Brachypodium on root architecture opens interesting avenues regarding their possible combined effects during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
CYP81A P450s are involved in concomitant cross‐resistance to acetolactate synthase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase herbicides in Echinochloa phyllopogon
Authors: Iwakami Satoshi , Kamidate Yoshitaka , Yamaguchi Takuya , Ishizaka Masumi , Endo Masaki , Suda Hiroe , Nagai Kiichi , Sunohara Yukari , Toki Seiichi , Uchino Akira , Tominaga Tohru , Matsumoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Californian populations of Echinochloa phyllopogon have evolved multiple‐herbicide resistance (MHR), posing a threat to rice production in California. Previously, we identified two CYP81A cytochrome P450 genes whose overexpression is associated with resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors from two chemical groups. Resistance mechanisms to other herbicides remain unknown.

We analyzed the sensitivity of an MHR line to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors from three chemical groups, followed by an analysis of herbicide metabolism and segregation of resistance of the progenies in sensitive (S) and MHR lines. ACCase herbicide metabolizing function was investigated in the two previously identified P450s.

MHR plants exhibited resistance to all the ACCase inhibitors by enhanced herbicide metabolism. Resistance to the ACCase inhibitors segregated in a 3 : 1 ratio in the F2 generation and completely co‐segregated with ALS inhibitor resistance in F6 lines. Expression of the respective P450 genes conferred resistance to the three herbicides in rice, which is in line with the detection of hydroxylated herbicide metabolites in vivo in transformed yeast.

CYP81As are super P450s that metabolize multiple herbicides from five chemical classes, and concurrent overexpression of the P450s induces metabolism‐based resistance to the three ACCase inhibitors in MHR E. phyllopogon, as it does to ALS inhibitors.
Growth Trends and Systematic Patterns of Booms and Busts‐Testing 200 Years of Business Cycle Dynamics
Authors: Fritz Marlon , Gries Thomas , Feng Yuanhua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe study the dynamic pattern of business cycles using US GDP data between 1790 and 2015. To address difficulties in trend and cycle decomposition, we introduce a semiparametric estimation approach with an iterative plug‐in (IPI) algorithm for endogenous bandwidth selection. This algorithm identifies continuously moving growth trends with trend‐supporting growth periods. A simulation study demonstrates the value‐added of our trend identification. Afterwards, nonlinear SETAR models are fitted parametrically. Further, we test the trend using a recently developed test and the estimated SETAR models against their linear alternatives. The results indicate asymmetric characteristics during booms and busts.
‘The rollercoaster of follow‐up care’ after bariatric surgery: a rapid review and qualitative synthesis
Authors: Parretti H. M. , Hughes C. A. , Jones L. L. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBenefits of bariatric surgery for obesity related comorbidities are well established. However, in the longer term, patients can become vulnerable to procedure specific problems, experience weight regain and continue to need monitoring and management of comorbidities. Effective longer term follow‐up is vital due to these complex needs post‐surgery. Current guidance recommends annual long‐term follow‐up after bariatric surgery. However, attendance can be low, and failure to attend is associated with poorer outcomes. Understanding patients' experiences and needs is central to the delivery of effective care. This rapid review has synthesized the current qualitative literature on patient experiences of healthcare professional (HCP) led follow‐up from 12 months after bariatric surgery. A recurring theme was the need for more and extended follow‐up care, particularly psychological support. Enablers to attending follow‐up care were patient self‐efficacy as well as HCP factors such as a non‐judgemental attitude, knowledge and continuity of care. Barriers included unrealistic patient expectations and perceived lack of HCP expertise. Some preferences were expressed including patient initiated access to HCPs and more information preoperatively to prepare for potential post‐surgery issues. Insights gained from this work will help identify areas for improvement to care in order to optimize longer term outcomes.