bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activated vitamin D3 formulations can be safely used as concomitant medication for prevention of denosumab‐induced hypocalcemia in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Saito Shin , Sugo Yoshinobu , Tsuburai Taku , Kurasawa Kentaro , Nakamura Tomomi , Yoshikata Hiromi , Miyagi Etsuko , Sakakibara Hideya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimDenosumab prevents osteoporosis by potently inhibiting bone resorption, but requires oral therapy with calcium and vitamin D preparations to prevent the side effects of hypocalcemia. Generally, a combination drug containing calcium, natural vitamin D, and magnesium is used. However, if activated vitamin D has been used before the initiation of denosumab therapy, continued use of activated vitamin D is not uncommon. This study aimed to evaluate the combination vitamin D preparation, alfacalcidol, and eldecalcitol on the therapeutic effect on denosumab therapy, the preventive effect on hypocalcemia, and the effect on renal function, to determine the optimal choice of concomitant medication.MethodsThis is a retrospective and single‐center study. Among 39 patients who had used denosumab (60 mg dose) for at least 12 months between November 2013 and October 2015, those who used the combination medication concomitantly as the standard treatment, those who used alfacalcidol concomitantly, and those who used eldecalcitol concomitantly were compared.ResultsDenosumab therapy markedly increased lumbar spine and femoral neck bone densities at 12 months in the three groups, showing no particular difference in the rate of increase of bone density. The three groups had marked decreases in bone metabolism markers, but had no intergroup differences. No hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, or obvious renal dysfunction occurred over 12 months.ConclusionThis study indicates that the use of activated vitamin D preparations, as concomitant medications with denosumab therapy, is appropriate considering the therapeutic efficacy of denosumab, prevention of hypocalcemia, and influence on renal function.
Short‐term efficacy of two breast pumps and impact on breastfeeding outcomes at 6 months in exclusively breastfeeding mothers: A randomised trial
Authors: Fewtrell Mary , Kennedy Kathy , Lukoyanova Olga , Wei Zhuang , Potak Debra , Borovik Tatiana , Namazova‐Baranova Leyla , Schanler Richard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe provision of breast pumps is a potential strategy to increase breastfeeding duration. This trial compared the effectiveness and acceptability of two breast pumps in mothers exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) their healthy term infant. It also tested whether provision of pumps versus vouchers of equivalent value influenced breastfeeding or attainment of mothers' goals at 3 and 6 months. Mothers were randomised at 3‐ to 4‐week post‐partum (Beijing [n = 30], Moscow [n = 34], London [n = 45], New York [n = 3]) to groups A (Philips single‐electric pump, Natural bottle), B (Medela Swing single‐electric pump, Calma bottle), or C (Control; vouchers). At 6 weeks, group A and B mothers expressed for 10 min/breast; milk weight and opinions of pump/bottle were recorded. Feeding practices were assessed using questionnaires at 3 and 6 months. Milk weight/flow pattern did not differ between groups. Pump A scored significantly better for ease‐of‐use, cushion‐feel, need‐to‐lean‐forward, pleasant, comfort. At 3 and 6 months, %EBF or meeting their goal was not significantly different; (3 months: 86%, 85%, 84%; 6 months: 20%, 15%, 26%; meeting goal 24%, 17%, 27% for A, B, and C). Expressed breast milk (EBM) provision was higher in groups A and B (3 months: 76%, 76%, 24% (p < 0.001); 6 months: 83%, 87%, 32% (p < 0.001); and negatively predicted EBF at 6 months (OR no EBM 5.07, 95% CI [1.56, 16.5]). The pumps were equally effective for milk expression at 6 weeks. Pump provision did not significantly influence breastfeeding practices or attainment of goals but resulted in higher EBM provision, which was associated with lower EBF but not other breastfeeding categories at 6 months.
Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus P10 acts as either a synergistic or antagonistic determinant during superinfection with related or unrelated virus
Authors: Zhang Hehong , Tan Xiaoxiang , He Yuqing , Xie Kaili , Li Lulu , Wang Rong , Hong Gaojie , Li Junmin , Li Jing , Taliansky Michael , MacFarlane Stuart , Yan Fei , Chen Jianping , Sun Zongtao 
Published: January 2019

SummaryRice black‐streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), a member of the genus Fijivirus, is a devastating pathogen of crop plants. RBSDV S10 encodes a capsid protein (P10) that is an important component of the double‐layered particle. However, little information is available on the roles of RBSDV P10 in viral infection or in interactions with other viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the expression of P10 in plants alleviates the symptoms of both RBSDV and the closely related Southern rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), and reduces the disease incidence, but renders the plants more susceptible to the unrelated Rice stripe virus (RSV). Further experiments suggest that P10‐mediated resistance to RBSDV and SRBSDV operates at the protein level, rather than the RNA level, and is not a result of post‐transcriptional gene silencing. Transcriptomic data reveal that the expression of P10 in plants significantly suppresses the expression of rice defence‐related genes, which may play important roles in resistance to RSV infection. After infection with RBSDV, plants are more resistant to subsequent challenge by SRBSDV, but more susceptible to RSV. Overall, these results indicate that P10 acts as an important effector in virus interactions.
Anatomical constraints to nonstomatal diffusion conductance and photosynthesis in lycophytes and bryophytes
Authors: Carriquí Marc , Roig‐Oliver Margalida , Brodribb Timothy J. , Coopman Rafael , Gill Warwick , Mark Kristiina , Niinemets Ülo , Perera‐Castro Alicia V. , Ribas‐Carbó Miquel , Sack Lawren , Tosens Tiina , Waite Mashuri , Flexas Jaume 
Published: January 2019

Summary

Photosynthesis in bryophytes and lycophytes has received less attention than terrestrial plant groups. In particular, few studies have addressed the nonstomatal diffusion conductance to CO2 gnsd of these plant groups.

Their lower photosynthetic rate per leaf mass area at any given nitrogen concentration compared with vascular plants suggested a stronger limitation by CO2 diffusion. We hypothesized that bryophyte and lycophyte photosynthesis is largely limited by low gnsd. Here, we studied CO2 diffusion inside the photosynthetic tissues and its relationships with photosynthesis and anatomical parameters in bryophyte and lycophyte species in Antarctica, Australia, Estonia, Hawaii and Spain.

On average, lycophytes and, specially, bryophytes had the lowest photosynthetic rates and nonstomatal diffusion conductance reported for terrestrial plants. These low values are related to their very thick cell walls and their low exposure of chloroplasts to cell perimeter.

We conclude that the reason why bryophytes lie at the lower end of the leaf economics spectrum is their strong nonstomatal diffusion conductance limitation to photosynthesis, which is driven by their specific anatomical characteristics.
Body size changes in bivalves of the family Limidae in the aftermath of the end‐Triassic mass extinction: the Brobdingnag effect
Authors: Atkinson Jed W. , Wignall Paul B. , Morton Jacob D. , Aze Tracy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReduction in body size of organisms following mass extinctions is well‐known and often ascribed to the Lilliput effect. This phenomenon is expressed as a temporary body size reduction within surviving species. Despite its wide usage the term is often loosely applied to any small post‐extinction taxa. Here we assess the size of bivalves of the family Limidae (Rafineque) prior to, and in the aftermath of, the end‐Triassic mass extinction event. Of the species studied only one occurs prior to the extinction event, though is too scarce to test for the Lilliput effect. Instead, newly evolved species originate at small body sizes and undergo a within‐species size increase, most dramatically demonstrated by Plagiostoma giganteum (Sowerby) which, over two million years, increases in size by 179%. This trend is seen in both field and museum collections. We term this within‐species size increase of newly originated species in the aftermath of mass extinction, the Brobdingnag effect, after the giants that were contemporary with the Lilliputians in Swift's Gulliver's Travels. The size increase results from greater longevity and faster growth rates. The cause of the effect is unclear, although it probably relates to improved environmental conditions. Oxygen‐poor conditions in the Early Jurassic are associated with populations of smaller body size caused by elevated juvenile mortality but these are local/regional effects that do not alter the long‐term, size increase. Although temperature‐size relationships exist for many organisms (Temperature‐Size Rule and Bergmann's Rule), the importance of this is unclear here because of a poorly known Early Jurassic temperature record.
Seasonal Minimum and Maximum Solar Ultraviolet Exposure Measurements of Classroom Teachers Residing in Tropical North Queensland, Australia
Authors: Downs Nathan J. , Igoe Damien P. , Parisi Alfio V. , Taylor Olivia , Lazzaroni Shari L. , Rawlings Alex , Garzón‐Chavez Daniel R. , Harrison Simone L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe risk of keratinocyte skin cancer, malignant melanoma and ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced eye disease is disproportionately higher in Australia and New Zealand compared to equivalent northern hemisphere latitudes. While many teachers are aware of the importance of reinforcing sun safety messages to students, many may not be aware of the considerable personal exposure risk while performing outdoor duties in locations experiencing high to extreme ambient UVR year‐round. Personal erythemally effective exposure of classroom teachers in tropical Townsville (19.3°S) was measured to establish seasonal extremes in exposure behavior. Mean daily personal exposure was higher in winter (91.2 J m‐2, 0.91 Standard Erythema Dose [SED]) than summer (63.3 J m−2, 0.63 SED). The range of exposures represents personal exposures that approximate current national guidelines for Australian workers at the study latitude of approximately 1.2 SED (30 J m−2 effective to the International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection). Similar proportions of teachers spent more than 1 h outdoors per day in winter (28.6%) and summer (23.6%) as part of their teaching duties with seasonal differences having little effect on the time of exposure. Personal exposures for teachers peaked during both seasons near school meal break times at 11:00 am and 1:00 pm, respectively.
Mexico’s National Security Paradoxes and Threats in a Geopolitical Context
Authors: Rodríguez Sumano Abelardo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines Mexico’s national security paradoxes and threats in a geopolitical context from a politico‐historical perspective into a contemporary setting. It argues that, despite Mexico’s nascent democratic transition, none of the various elite groups in power have been able to conceive a broad, democratic security doctrine. On the contrary, realpolitik and regime security form the tradition and true nature of the national security permeating the political system. There are serious doubts that Mexico’s next president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will change this historical legacy. Despite the widespread desire for change, corruption and impunity are more prevalent than ever, setting the stage for conflict with the United States—the world’s biggest drug consumer and the primary vendor of weaponry to Mexico’s criminal organizations. This situation is exacerbated by Mexico’s interdependence and shared geopolitics with its northern neighbor. The combination of these internal and external factors places Mexico’s future in question.
Does child verbal ability mediate the relationship between maternal sensitivity and later self‐regulation? A longitudinal study from infancy to 4 years
Authors: Frick Matilda A. , Forslund Tommie , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: January 2019

There is a need to further examine the mechanisms by which maternal sensitivity influences the development of child self‐regulation. This study investigated the role of maternal sensitivity when infants were 10 months old and child verbal ability at 18 months, in relation to various aspects of self‐regulation at 48 months, in a sample of 95 typically developing children (46.3% girls). In particular, the study examined, from a Vygotskian perspective, whether child verbal ability, as measured by receptive and expressive language, mediated the relationship between maternal sensitivity and hot and cool aspects of self‐regulation in the child. As hypothesized, maternal sensitivity predicted child verbal ability, as well as working memory, set shifting, and delay of gratification. Child receptive language predicted set shifting, inhibition, and delay of gratification. In addition, receptive language mediated the relationship between maternal sensitivity and inhibition only. Additive effects of maternal sensitivity and child receptive language in relation to set shifting were found, and a main effect of maternal sensitivity on child delay of gratification. The results add to the body of research suggesting that responsive parenting and child verbal ability are important for the development of self‐regulation, and suggest that different mechanisms may be at work for different aspects of self‐regulation.
Invariant Whitney functions
Authors: Herbig Hans-Christian , Pflaum Markus J. 
Published: January 2019

Theorem 1 of [G. W. Schwarz, Smooth functions invariant under the action of a compact Lie group, Topology 14 (1975) 63–68.] says that for a linear action of a compact Lie group [Formula: see text] on a finite dimensional real vector space [Formula: see text], any smooth [Formula: see text]-invariant function on [Formula: see text] can be written as a composite with the Hilbert map. We prove a similar statement for the case of Whitney functions along a subanalytic set [Formula: see text] fulfilling some regularity assumptions. In order to deal with the case when [Formula: see text] is not [Formula: see text]-stable, we use the language of groupoids.
Text Mining for Evaluating Authors' Birth and Death Years
Authors: Moghaz Dror , Hacohen-Kerner Yaakov , Gabbay Dov 
Published: January 2019

This article presents a unique method in text and data mining for finding the era, i.e., mining temporal data, in which an anonymous author was living. Finding this era can assist in the examination of a fake document or extracting the time period in which a writer lived. The study and the experiments concern Hebrew, and in some parts, Aramaic and Yiddish rabbinic texts. The rabbinic texts are undated and contain no bibliographic sections, posing an interesting challenge. This work proposes algorithms using key phrases and key words that allow the temporal organization of citations together with linguistic patterns. Based on these key phrases, key words, and the references, we established several types of “Iron-clad,” Heuristic and Greedy rules for estimating the years of birth and death of a writer in an interesting classification task. Experiments were conducted on corpora, including documents authored by 12, 24, and 36 rabbinic writers and demonstrated promising results.
Aberrant thalamocortical coherence in an animal model of tinnitus
Authors: Vianney-Rodrigues Paulo , Auerbach Benjamin D. , Salvi Richard 
Published: January 2019

Electrophysiological and imaging studies from humans suggest that the phantom sound of tinnitus is associated with abnormal thalamocortical neural oscillations (dysrhythmia) and enhanced gamma band activity in the auditory cortex. However, these models have seldom been tested in animal models where it is possible to simultaneously assess the neural oscillatory activity within and between the thalamus and auditory cortex. To explore this issue, we used multichannel electrodes to examine the oscillatory behavior of local field potentials recorded in the rat medial geniculate body (MBG) and primary auditory cortex (A1) before and after administering a dose of sodium salicylate (SS) that reliably induces tinnitus. In the MGB, SS reduced theta, alpha, and beta oscillations and decreased coherence (synchrony) between electrode pairs in theta, alpha, and beta bands but increased coherence in the gamma band. Within A1, SS significantly increased gamma oscillations, decreased theta power, and decreased coherence between electrode pairs in theta and alpha bands but increased coherence in the gamma band. When coherence was measured between one electrode in the MGB and another in A1, SS decreased coherence in beta, alpha, and theta bands but increased coherence in the gamma band. SS also increased cross-frequency coupling between the phase of theta oscillations in the MGB and amplitude of gamma oscillations in A1. Altogether, our results suggest that SS treatment fundamentally alters the manner in which thalamocortical circuits communicate, leading to excessive cortical gamma power and synchronization, neurophysiological changes implicated in tinnitus. Our data provide support for elements of both the thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TD) and synchronization by loss of inhibition (SLIM) models of tinnitus, demonstrating that increased cortical gamma band activity is associated with both enhanced theta-gamma coupling as well as decreases alpha power/coherence between the MGB and A1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY There are no effective drugs to alleviate the phantom sound of tinnitus because the physiological mechanisms leading to its generation are poorly understood. Neural models of tinnitus suggest that it arises from abnormal thalamocortical oscillations, but these models have not been extensively tested. This article identifies abnormal thalamocortical oscillations in a drug-induced tinnitus model. Our findings open up new avenues of research to investigate whether cellular mechanisms underlying thalamocortical oscillations are causally linked to tinnitus.
β3-Adrenergic receptor-dependent modulation of the medium afterhyperpolarization in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Church Timothy W. , Brown Jon T. , Marrion Neil V. 
Published: January 2019

Action potential firing in hippocampal pyramidal neurons is regulated by generation of an afterhyperpolarization (AHP). Three phases of AHP are recognized, with the fast AHP regulating action potential firing at the onset of a burst and the medium and slow AHPs supressing action potential firing over hundreds of milliseconds and seconds, respectively. Activation of β-adrenergic receptors suppresses the slow AHP by a protein kinase A-dependent pathway. However, little is known regarding modulation of the medium AHP. Application of the selective β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol suppressed both the medium and slow AHPs evoked in rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons recorded from slices maintained in organotypic culture. Suppression of the slow AHP was mimicked by intracellular application of cAMP, with the suppression of the medium AHP by isoproterenol still being evident in cAMP-dialyzed cells. Suppression of both the medium and slow AHPs was antagonized by the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol. The effect of isoproterenol to suppress the medium AHP was mimicked by two β3-adrenergic receptor agonists, BRL37344 and SR58611A. The medium AHP was mediated by activation of small-conductance calcium-activated K+ channels and deactivation of H channels at the resting membrane potential. Suppression of the medium AHP by isoproterenol was reduced by pretreating cells with the H-channel blocker ZD7288. These data suggest that activation of β3-adrenergic receptors inhibits H channels, which suppresses the medium AHP in CA1 hippocampal neurons by utilizing a pathway that is independent of a rise in intracellular cAMP. This finding highlights a potential new target in modulating H-channel activity and thereby neuronal excitability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The noradrenergic input into the hippocampus is involved in modulating long-term synaptic plasticity and is implicated in learning and memory. We demonstrate that activation of functional β3-adrenergic receptors suppresses the medium afterhyperpolarization in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. This finding provides an additional mechanism to increase action potential firing frequency, where neuronal excitability is likely to be crucial in cognition and memory.
Comorbidity, Frailty, and Waitlist Mortality among Kidney Transplant Candidates of All Ages
Authors: Pérez Fernández María , Martínez Miguel Patricia , Ying Hao , Haugen Christine E. , Chu Nadia M. , Rodríguez Puyol Diego María , Rodríguez-Mañas Leocadio , Norman Silas P. , Walston Jeremy D. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara A. 
Published: January 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Kidney transplantation (KT) candidates often present with multiple comorbidities. These patients also have a substantial burden of frailty, which is also associated with increased mortality. However, it is unknown if frailty is merely a surrogate for comorbidity, itself an independent domain of risk, or if frailty and comorbidity have differential effects. Better understanding the interplay between these 2 constructs will improve clinical decision making in KT candidates. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To test whether comorbidity is equally associated with waitlist mortality among frail and nonfrail KT candidates and to test whether measuring both comorbidity burden and frailty improves mortality risk prediction. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We studied 2,086 candidates on the KT waitlist (November 2009 – October 2017) in a multicenter cohort study, in whom frailty and comorbidity were measured at evaluation. We quantified the association between Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) adapted for end-stage renal disease and waitlist mortality using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model and tested whether this association differed between frail and nonfrail candidates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At evaluation, 18.1% of KT candidates were frail and 51% had a high comorbidity burden (CCI score ≥2). Candidates with a high comorbidity burden were at 1.38-fold (95% CI 1.01–1.89) increased risk of waitlist mortality. However, this association differed by frailty status (<i>p</i> for interaction = 0.01): among nonfrail candidates, a high comorbidity burden was associated with a 1.66-fold (95% CI 1.17–2.35) increased mortality risk; among frail candidates, here was no statistically significant association (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.44–1.29). Adding this interaction between comorbidity and frailty to a mortality risk estimation model significantly improved prediction, increasing the c-statistic from 0.640 to 0.656 (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Nonfrail candidates with a high comorbidity burden at KT evaluation have an increased risk of waitlist mortality. Importantly, comorbidity is less of a concern in already high-risk patients who are frail.