bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's “Tidal Wave” of Migrant Labor: What Can we Learn from Mexican Undocumented Migration to the United States?
Authors: Roberts Kenneth D. 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article is to place Chinese labor migration from agriculture within the context of the literature on labor mobility in developing countries by comparing it to undocumented Mexican migration to the United States. The similarities fall within three general areas: the migration process, the economic and social position of migrants at their destination, and the agrarian structure and process of agricultural development that has perpetuated circular migration. The last section of the article draws upon these similarities, as well as differences between the two countries, to generate predictions concerning the development of labor migration in China. A fifteen-car train arrived in Shanghai from the city of Fuyang in Anhui Province on February 14. On board were 2,850 laborers from outside the municipality, signaling the beginning of the spring labor influx. Of this group, most were between 20 and 30 years of age, and more than half had never left their home villages before. Most will stay in Shanghai, while others will head to Hangzhou, Wenzhou, Ningbo, and Changshou to seek work. The Shanghai Public Security Department already has prepared a number of vehicles to transport laborers to other places outside the city, and the Shanghai police have strengthened their forces to keep public order. (FBIS, 1994d)
Short-term cortical synaptic depression/potentiation mechanisms in chronic migraine patients with or without medication overuse
Authors: Cortese Francesca , Pierelli Francesco , Pauri Flavia , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Lepre Chiara , Malavolta Giulia , Merluzzo Chiara , Parisi Vincenzo , Serrao Mariano , Coppola Gianluca 
Published: June 2018

Objective To study the effects of trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex in patients with chronic migraine (CM) with or without medication overuse (MOH). Subjects and methods Thirty-two patients (CM [n = 16]; MOH [n = 16]) and 16 healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent rTMS recording. Ten trains of 10 stimuli each (120% resting motor threshold) were applied over the left motor cortex at 1 Hz or 5 Hz in random order. The amplitude of motor evoked potential (MEP) was evaluated from electromyographic recording in the first dorsal interosseous muscle. The slope of the linear regression line for the 10 stimuli for each participant was calculated using normalized data. Results rTMS-1 Hz had a normal depressive effect on MEP amplitude in all groups. rTMS-5 Hz depressed instead of potentiating MEP amplitudes in MOH patients, with a significantly different response from that in HVs and CM patients. The slope of the linear regression of MEP amplitudes was negatively correlated with pain intensity in CM patients, and with the duration of overuse headache in MOH patients. Conclusions This different plastic behaviour suggests that MOH and CM, despite exhibiting a similar clinical phenotype, have different neurophysiological learning processes, probably related to different pathophysiological mechanisms of migraine chronification.
Auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances central serotonergic function and inhibits diabetic neuropathy development in Zucker fatty rats
Authors: Li Shaoyuan , Sun Chunli , Rong Peijing , Zhai Xu , Zhang Jinling , Baker Max , Wang Shuxing 
Published: June 2018

Painful neuropathy is a frequent comorbidity in diabetes. Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa) rats develop type 2 diabetes spontaneously with aging and show nociceptive hypersensitivity at the age of 13 weeks. In preclinical and clinical studies, the treatment of diabetic neuropathy is challenging, but complementary medicine such as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) appears beneficial to the relief of neuropathic pain. However, the mechanism behind the effectiveness of taVNS remains unclear. In this study, we show that daily 30-min taVNS (2/15 Hz, 2 mA) for consecutive 27 days effectively inhibited the development of nociceptive hypersensitivity in Zucker diabetic fatty rats as detected by thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in hindpaw. We also demonstrated that this beneficial effect in nociceptive behavior is related to an elevated serotonin (5-HT) plasma concentration and an upregulated expression of 5-HT receptor type 1A (5-HT1AR) in hypothalamus. We conclude that daily 30-min taVNS sessions lessen diabetic neuropathy development by enhancing serotonergic function in genetically diabetes prone individuals. Perspective This article presents taVNS as a new approach to inhibit the development of diabetic neuropathy in genetically prone individuals. This approach could potentially help clinicians who seek to avoid the complication of neuropathic pain in diabetic patient or to relieve the pain if there was one.
Acute uncomplicated cystitis: is antibiotic unavoidable?
Authors: Kulchavenya Ekaterina 
Published: June 2018

Background: Acute uncomplicated cystitis in women is one of the most frequently diagnosed bacterial infections. Methods: In a pilot, open, noncomparative prospective study, 29 nonpregnant, sexually active women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were enrolled. The mean age was 28.9 ± 4.3, range 22–36 years. All patients received unique therapy: the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketoprofen, 100 mg once a day for 5 days, and Canephron, 2 dragees three times a day for 1 month. Results: In 2 days, four patients (13.8%) had no tendency to improvement; they were considered as nonresponders and antibiotics were prescribed for them. The remaining 25 patients (86.2%) showed significant improvement and were considered as responders; they continued the therapy with ketoprofen and Canephron. In 7 days, 21 patients (72.4%) had no dysuria and leucocyturia; they were considered as fast responders to phytotherapy. In four patients (13.8%), after 7 days of therapy insignificant dysuria and leucocyturia were found; they were considered as slow responders to phytotherapy. All 25 patients continued the intake of Canephron for 1 month to prevent a relapse. When treatment finished, all patients were well. In 6 months, no relapses were diagnosed. Conclusion: The majority (86.2%) of young, nonpregnant women with acute uncomplicated cystitis were cured by 30 days of phytotherapy combined initially (5 days) with the NSAID ketoprofen; an antibiotic was indicated in only 13.8% of patients. Patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis may be divided into three subgroup: nonresponders to phytotherapy; slow responders to phytotherapy; fast responders to phytotherapy. Antibiotic therapy is indicated in nonresponders, but slow and fast responders may be treated without an antibiotic, by phytotherapy with an initial short course of an NSAID only.
Functional and Patient-Reported Outcomes Improve Over the Course of Rehabilitation: A Secondary Analysis of the ACL-SPORTS Trial
Authors: Arundale Amelia J.H. , Capin Jacob J. , Zarzycki Ryan , Smith Angela , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: June 2018

Background: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Specialized Post-Operative Return to Sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized controlled trial was designed to address deficits in functional and patient-reported outcomes. The trial examined the effects of a secondary ACL prevention program that included progressive strengthening, agility training, plyometrics (SAP), and other components of current primary prevention protocols, with perturbation training (SAP + PERT group) and without PERT (SAP group). A secondary purpose of this study was to examine whether study outcomes differed between men and women. Hypotheses: (1) Athletes in both the SAP and SAP + PERT groups will have improved knee function and patient-reported outcome measures from pre- to posttraining, (2) the SAP + PERT group would have higher outcome scores than the SAP group, and (3) outcomes will differ by sex. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial (NCT01773317). Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 79 athletes (39 women) were randomized into the SAP and SAP + PERT groups. All athletes had undergone primary ACL reconstruction and achieved 80% quadriceps strength limb symmetry (QI), full range of motion, had minimal effusion, and had no pain. Additionally, all had begun running again. Prior to and after the training program, athletes’ QI, hopping, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine whether there were differences between groups. Subsequently, the SAP and SAP + PERT groups were collapsed to analyze differences between sexes. Results: There were significant increases for all variables, with the exception of QI. There were no differences between the SAP and SAP + PERT groups. Both men and women made significant improvements in all knee function and patient-reported outcome measures except QI. Men made significant improvements in QI, whereas women did not. Conclusion: The common elements of the training program that all athletes received (10 sessions of progressive strengthening, agility training, plyometrics, and secondary prevention) may be a beneficial addition to the return-to-sport phase of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. The results suggest that women may require further quadriceps strengthening to maintain and improve QI, an important focus given the relationship between QI and risk for reinjury. Clinical Relevance: During the return-to-sport phase of ACL reconstruction rehabilitation, clinicians tend to shift their focus away from strengthening toward more advanced sports-related tasks. These results indicate that women in particular need continued focus on quadriceps strengthening.
Hurt on the Hill: A Longitudinal Analysis of Obstacle Course Racing Injuries
Authors: Rabb Haddon , Coleby Jillian 
Published: June 2018

Background: Obstacle course racing (OCR) has become a popular sport in recent years as it challenges participants’ mental and physical endurance through a combination of trail running and obstacles. There is currently only a limited amount of published work reporting injury types or rates at these events. Purpose: This study aims to build on the current literature, analyzing injury rates and patterns at OCR events. Methods: A secondary data analysis of deidentified medical charts from 33 OCR events in Canada from 2015 to 2017 was conducted. The scope of on-site care was first aid. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Results: A total of 1782 injuries occurred over 3 seasons from 73,366 participants, with an overall average injury rate of 2.4%; 1.0% (n = 17) of injuries required emergency medical services transport to a local emergency department, and the majority of these injuries were musculoskeletal in nature. The most common injuries treated were lacerations and musculoskeletal-related injuries; 93.9% of the injuries were able to be treated on site. These findings, in conjunction with the published literature, suggest that OCR medical teams should anticipate injury rates of up to 5.0% and a transportation rate of approximately 4.5% of those injuries to local emergency departments. Conclusion: The injury and transportation rates found in this study are congruent with the current literature and, most notably, they demonstrated a stable trend across a variety of course lengths (5-42 km ) and numbers of obstacles (≥20). While the majority of injuries may be treated on site, there is still a serious potential for life-threatening emergencies to occur.
Watershed Encounters
Authors: Trombley Jeremy 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The term watershed is derived from the German wasserscheide, which means “parting of the waters” and refers to the geographic boundary that separates one drainage basin from another. It is from this definition that we derive the concept of “watershed moments”—events that seem to change the course of history. I suggest that the intersection of temporal and spatial relationships embedded within the watershed concept reveals the interaction between modernist conceptions of space and time, enabling the persistence of trauma and violence that characterizes modernity. In this article, I examine a series of watershed encounters in the Chesapeake Bay region and how they transform our understanding of the environmental problems that face the estuary and its landscape. I argue that the “restoration” effort currently at work in the Chesapeake Bay watershed fails to grapple with the spatial and temporal ruptures that created these problems, and therefore it simply perpetuates the trauma and violence of modernity. However, through the praxis of watershed encounters described in this article, I argue that we can penetrate the spatial and temporal logics of modernity and begin the recuperative work of finding what Deborah Bird Rose refers to as “alternatives to our embeddedness in violence.”
Anthropomorphism in the Anthropocene
Authors: Castellano Katey 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLeanne Allison and Jeremy Mendes’s interactive documentary Bear 71 (2012) depicts the “story of a female grizzly bear monitored by wildlife conservation officers from 2001–2009” in Banff National Park. The film’s visuals are composed of fragments from critter-cam footage, which alternate with a minimalist interface: a grid populated with dots signifying other animals and plants living in Banff. This essay argues that Bear 71 uses two strategies to reframe the data-driven discourse of wildlife management. First, the anthropomorphized narrative of Bear 71 reframes wildlife management data through attentiveness to the experience of a single grizzly bear, which functions as a counterdiscourse to the dominant framing of wildlife data as aggregate information about a species population. Second, the visual strategy of the minimalist interface prompts the viewer/user to navigate within a multispecies grid that gestures toward understanding animal endangerment as a problem not on the level of species but rather within a diverse multispecies assemblage that, crucially, includes humans. Although the eponymous Bear 71 dies, the narrative refuses closure because her daughter and other animals continue to move across the interface after the narrative ends. Bear 71 offers a model of “becoming-with” endangered animals through our attunement to both their singular stories and multispecies assemblages. It further models how the environmental humanities can be employed to rearticulate scientific data as innovative multispecies stories.
Is Daily Composition of Movement Behaviors Related to Blood Pressure in Working Adults?
Authors: GUPTA NIDHI , DUMUID DOROTHEA , KORSHØJ METTE , JØRGENSEN MARIE BIRK , SØGAARD KAREN , HOLTERMANN ANDREAS 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo investigate the association of the daily composition of time spent sedentary, in light physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and time in bed (movement behaviors) with blood pressure (BP) among white- and blue-collar workers.MethodsSystolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and body mass index of 827 workers were objectively measured. Daily composition of movement behaviors was derived from an Actigraph placed on the thigh for 1 to 5 d using the Acti4 software (2012–2013). The composition was expressed as isometric log-ratios. The cross-sectional associations between daily movement behavior composition and BP were investigated using the Compositional Data Analysis approach. The associations were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, lift/carry duration, medication intake, and job sector.ResultsDaily composition of time spent in movement behaviors was significantly associated with SBP (F= 2.84,P= 0.04), but not DBP (F= 0.48,P= 0.69). Specifically, time reallocation to sedentary time and light physical activity from the remaining behaviors was deleteriously associated with SBP, whereas time reallocation to time in bed and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from the remaining behaviors was beneficially associated with SBP. However, the results were only significant for time spent sedentary (P= 0.01) and in bed (P= 0.047).ConclusionsDaily composition of movement behaviors is associated with SBP among workers. Spending more time sedentary compared with other behaviors was deleteriously associated with SBP, whereas spending more time in bed was beneficially associated with SBP. How time is spent in different movement behaviors throughout the day is important for BP and needs to be further investigated to be included in future clinical practice guidelines.
Participación política de las mujeres: ¿cómo juegan los estereotipos de género en la implementación de la Ley de Cuotas en las elecciones al Congreso de la República de Colombia para el período 2014-2018?
Authors: Lozano Suárez Dilia 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo analiza la influencia de los estereotipos tradicionales de género en la baja votación recibida por las mujeres en las elecciones al Congreso de Colombia para la legislatura de 2014-2018, después de la implementación de la Ley Cuotas que, si bien es cierto ha incrementado el número de mujeres nominadas para cargos de elección popular, este aumento en la postulación femenina no ha tenido un impacto equivalente en el número de mujeres que efectivamente han resultado electas. En la primera parte del artículo se analizan los resultados de la implementación de la cuota femenina para los partidos políticos, en la segunda parte se explica por qué la cantidad de mujeres elegidas es tan baja con respecto al porcentaje de mujeres postuladas, desde la perspectiva de los estudios de género. Finalmente, se sostiene que no es posible ampliar la democracia y la ciudadanía si las mujeres no se constituyen como un actor social con capacidad de intervención y negociación política que pueda representar no solamente los intereses de las mujeres.
Práticas colaborativas desenvolvidas pelo professor de Língua Portuguesa e o intérprete educacional: um relato de experiência
Authors: Barros Adriana Lúcia De Escobar Chaves de 
Published: June 2018

O aumento do número de pessoas surdas nas salas de aula regulares no Brasil é realidade nos contextos escolares inclusivos, tornando desafiador e inspirador o trabalho dos educadores, intérpretes e todos os profissionais envolvidos no ensino dos surdos. Nesse sentido, há que se conhecer mais sobre o processo de aprendizagem desses alunos, principalmente, quando o conteúdo é explicado pelo professor em português, uma língua de modalidade tão diferente da sua primeira, a Libras, e mediado por um intérprete. Refletir sobre essas questões é relevante, tanto para tornar os profissionais conscientes das dificuldades enfrentadas por esse grupo de discentes, quanto para aprimorar as práticas dos docentes e intérpretes, evidenciando a necessidade de colaboração entre eles. O presente artigo tem como objetivo compartilhar algumas práticas exitosas desenvolvidas e executadas de forma colaborativa por uma das autoras, professora de Português, e uma intérprete educacional, em turma regular de oitavo ano, composta por alunos ouvintes e um surdo. Ter atuado durante quase seis anos como intérprete desse aluno surdo possibilitou-lhe um olhar mais sensível para suas necessidades, as dificuldades do intérprete e os seus próprios desafios como professora. A partir das leituras de autores como Quadros (2004), Quadros e Schmiedt (2006), Strobel (2008) e outros estudiosos da área, apresentamos algumas atividades que acreditamos ter contribuído para o aprendizado desse surdo e despertado a sensibilidade dos seus colegas e de outros professores da escola. Esperamos que, inspirados por este artigo, professores e intérpretes educacionais passem a trabalhar, cada vez mais, de maneira colaborativa. Palavras-chave:
PENSARES SURDOS: ESTUDOS NA ÁREA DE LETRAS
Authors: Pereira Danielle Cristina Mendes , Muniz Valéria Campos 
Published: June 2018

O reconhecimento da língua de sinais como língua natural implica a sua compreensão como instrumento modulador de imagens e discursos relativos às identidades e aspectos da cultura surda: a opção pelo plural é centrada na condição heterogênea e histórica destas duas instâncias. Nesse sentido, reconhecemos os sujeitos surdos não como entidade homogênea e cristalizada - o surdo - mas como pessoas imersas em diferenças, em situações culturais híbridas e inseridas em um panorama pós-moderno. Aqui, ressaltamos os surdos falantes de Libras como primeira língua e que a reconhecem como uma força motriz fundamental para a tessitura de identidades e de traços culturais relevantes para a organização de suas vivências. Para Skliar (1988), os Estudos Surdos poderiam ser pensados como um programa de pesquisa no qual as culturas surdas e suas comunidades deveriam ser percebidas pela clave da “diferença, a partir de seu reconhecimento político”. Concordamos que é fundamental pensar politicamente a questão da surdez; também compreendemos que é necessário ampliar o programa de pesquisa para uma orientação que traga à baila os estudos em Letras, fundamentais tanto para a implementação de um diálogo interdisciplinar profícuo, quanto para a construção de um caminho teórico-crítico que ainda carece de produção e divulgação de investigações específicas. A partir de tal premissa, este número reuniu reflexões e discussões que consideram aspectos referentes ao campo dos Estudos Surdos, em torno da pesquisa em Letras - tanto nos estudos linguísticos como nos literários -, e que contemplam aspectos linguísticos da Libras e da Língua Portuguesa como L2; questões sobre as literaturas surdas; e reflexões sobre os letramentos de surdos, em suas práticas e eventos.
A contemporary approach for the management of generalized tooth wear
Authors: Aldashti Mohammad Habib 
Published: June 2018

Abstract: This paper describes the treatment of a 39-year-old female patient with generalized tooth wear. The causes of the tooth wear were identified and controlled. Following diagnostic planning, a full mouth reconstruction at an increased vertical dimension utilizing a reorganized approach was carried out. Crown lengthening surgery was performed on the maxillary anterior teeth prior to the restorative phase. The restorative treatment included a combination of indirect and direct composite resin restorations and adhesive cast restorations. Very satisfactory functional and aesthetic outcomes were achieved. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper demonstrates a practicable approach that can be applied for patients with tooth wear. The approach is conservative which eliminates the need for full coverage crowns to restore aesthetics and function.
Equilibrated Stress Tensor Reconstruction and A Posteriori Error Estimation for Nonlinear Elasticity
Authors: Botti Michele , Riedlbeck Rita 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
We consider hyperelastic problems and their numerical solution using a conforming finite element discretization and iterative linearization algorithms.
For these problems, we present equilibrated, weakly symmetric,

H
⁢

(
div
)

{H(\mathrm{div)}}

-conforming stress tensor reconstructions, obtained from local problems on patches around vertices using the Arnold–Falk–Winther finite element spaces.
We distinguish two stress reconstructions: one for the discrete stress and one representing the linearization error.
The reconstructions are independent of the mechanical behavior law.
Based on these stress tensor reconstructions, we derive an a posteriori error estimate distinguishing the discretization, linearization, and quadrature error estimates, and propose an adaptive algorithm balancing these different error sources.
We prove the efficiency of the estimate, and confirm it on a numerical test with an analytical solution.
We then apply the adaptive algorithm to a more application-oriented test, considering the Hencky–Mises and an isotropic damage model.