bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The universal topic prominence stage hypothesis and L1 transfer
Authors: Lee EunHee 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper tests the universal Topic Prominence (TP) stage hypothesis and L1 transfer hypothesis by analyzing attested TP features, namely zero pronouns, bare (i.e., article-less) nouns, and post-nominal topic marking found in Korean written narratives collected from L2 Korean (TP language) speakers whose L1 is English (SP language) and Mandarin Chinese (TP language), respectively. The results showed that L2 Korean speakers used zero pronouns as frequently as L1 Korean speakers did from the early stage of their acquisition, whereas the use of the topic marking lagged behind, regardless of their L1 backgrounds. We explain the results by appealing to the universal acquisition path based on pragmatic-lexical-morphosyntactic cline: while the concept of the topic is (arguably) universal, its morphological marking is influenced by L1 as well as learning experience.
Understanding Client Empowerment: An Online Survey of Social Workers Serving People with Mental Health Issues
Authors: Cui Jialiang , Mao Limin , Rose Grenville , Newman Christy E 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study explored how social workers located in Sydney and Hong Kong conceptualised client empowerment. Further, it investigated these professionals’ perceived facilitators and barriers to their empowerment practices, based on an ecological framework. A cross-sectional online survey was used, where the original Empowerment Scale for clients with mental health issues was adapted to measure conceptualisation of client empowerment from social workers’ perspectives. Eighty-three social workers serving people with mental health issues (MHIs) in Sydney and eighty in Hong Kong responded. A two-factor model was generated suggesting that practitioners tend to conceptualise client empowerment into two aspects: a relation-based dimension and a resource-oriented one. Compared with their Sydney counterparts, the Hong Kong practitioners considered resource-oriented empowerment as more integral to client empowerment (t(161) = 4.17, p &lt; 0.001). Several key factors were found to be independently associated with endorsement of the two-factor client-empowerment model by practitioners: perceived less support from medical specialists but more support from teams serving the same client, perceived benefits of social work training and, finally, beliefs in the importance of social workers’ role in client empowerment. The study highlights the multiple dimensions of client empowerment and a wide range of inter-professional and sociostructural factors enabling social workers’ practices that support empowerment. Our paper highlights the role of professional empowerment as a stepping stone to enable their client-empowerment practices through policy support and inter-professional collaboration.
Effect of a Patient-Centered Phone Call by a Clinical Officer at Time of HIV Testing on Linkage to Care in Rural Kenya
Authors: Ayieko James , Petersen Maya L , van Rie Annelies , Wafula Erick , Opudo Wilson , Clark Tamara D , Kamya Moses R , Balzer Laura B , Cohen Craig R , Bukusi Elizabeth A , Charlebois Edwin D , Havlir Diane V 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In a randomized controlled trial, we tested whether a structured, patient-centered phone call from a clinical officer after HIV testing improved linkage to/re-engagement in HIV care. Among 130 HIV-positive persons, those randomized to the phone call were significantly more likely to link to care by 7 and 30 days (P = .04).
Lymphocyte-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase (LCK) is Involved in the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Impairment of Immunoglobulin Secretion in Human Primary B Cells
Authors: Zhou Jiajun , Zhang Qiang , Henriquez Joseph E , Crawford Robert B , Kaminski Norbert E 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytosolic ligand-activated transcription factor involved in xenobiotic sensing, cell cycle regulation, and cell development. In humans, the activation of AHR by 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a high affinity AHR-ligand, impairs the secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) to suppress humoral immunity. However, the mechanisms bridging the activation of AHR and the impairment of IgM secretion by human primary B cells remain poorly understood. Recent transcriptomic analysis revealed upregulation of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) in AHR-activated human primary B cells. LCK is a well-characterized tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates critical signaling proteins involved in activation and cytokine production in T cells. Conversely, the role of LCK in human primary B cells is not well understood. In the current studies, we have verified the transcriptomic finding by detecting AHR-mediated upregulation of LCK protein in human primary B cells. We also confirmed the role of AHR in the upregulation of LCK by using a specific AHR antagonist, which abolished the AHR-mediated increase of LCK. Furthermore, we have confirmed the role of LCK in the AHR-mediated suppression of IgM by using LCK specific inhibitors, which restored the IgM secretion by human B cells in the presence of TCDD. Collectively, the current studies demonstrate a novel role of LCK in IgM response and provide new insights into the mechanism for AHR-mediated impairment of immunoglobulin secretion by human primary B cells.
Molecular mechanism of symmetry breaking in a 3D model of a human epiblast
Authors: Simunovic Mijo , Metzger Jakob J. , Etoc Fred , Yoney Anna , Ruzo Albert , Martyn Iain , Croft Gist , Brivanlou Ali H. , Siggia Eric D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBreaking the anterior-posterior (AP) symmetry in mammals takes place at gastrulation. Much of the signaling network underlying this process has been elucidated in the mouse, however there is no direct molecular evidence of events driving axis formation in humans. Here, we use human embryonic stem cells to generate an in vitro 3D model of a human epiblast whose size, cell polarity, and gene expression are similar to a 10-day human epiblast. A defined dose of bone mor-phogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) spontaneously breaks axial symmetry, and induces markers of the primitive streak and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. By gene knockouts and live-cell imaging we show that, downstream of BMP4, WNT3 and its inhibitor DKK1 play key roles in this process. Our work demonstrates that a model human epiblast can break axial symmetry despite no asymmetry in the initial signal and in the absence of extraembryonic tissues or maternal cues. Our 3D model opens routes to capturing molecular events underlying axial symmetry breaking phenomena, which have largely been unexplored in model human systems.
Temporal Viral Genome-Protein Interactions Define Distinct Stages of Productive Herpesviral Infection
Authors: Dembowski Jill A. , DeLuca Neal A. 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYHerpesviruses utilize multiple mechanisms to redirect host proteins for use in viral processes and to avoid recognition and repression by the host. To investigate the dynamic interactions between HSV-1 DNA and viral and host proteins, we developed an approach to identify proteins that associate with the infecting viral genome from nuclear entry through packaging. We found that input viral DNA progressed within six hours through four temporal stages where the genomes: 1. interacted with intrinsic and DNA damage response proteins, 2. underwent a robust transcriptional switch mediated largely by ICP4, 3. engaged in replication, repair, and continued transcription, and then 4. transitioned to a more transcriptionally inert state engaging de novo synthesized viral structural components while maintaining interactions with replication proteins. Using a combination of genetic, imaging, and proteomic approaches, we provide a new and temporally compressed view of the HSV-1 life cycle based on genome-proteome dynamics.
Integrative genomic analysis of early neurogenesis reveals a temporal genetic program for differentiation and specification of preplate and Cajal-Retzius neurons
Authors: Li Jia , Sun Lei , Peng Xue-Liang , Yu Xiao-Ming , Qi Shao-Jun , Lu Zhi John , Han Jing-Dong J. , Shen Qin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeurogenesis in the developing neocortex begins with the generation of the preplate, which consists of early born neurons including Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells and subplate neurons. Here, utilizing the Ebf2-EGFP transgenic mouse in which EGFP initially labels the preplate neurons then persists in CR cells, we reveal the dynamic transcriptome profiles of early neurogenesis and CR cell differentiation. At E15.5 when Ebf2-EGFP+ cells are mostly CR neurons, single-cell sequencing analysis of purified Ebf2-EGFP+ cells uncovers molecular heterogeneity in CR neurons, but without apparent clustering of cells with distinct regional origins. Along a pseudotemporal trajectory these cells are classified into three different developing states, revealing genetic cascades from early generic neuronal differentiation to late fate specification during the establishment of CR neuron identity and function. Further genome-wide RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses at multiple early neurogenic stages have revealed the temporal gene expression dynamics of early neurogenesis and distinct histone modification patterns in early differentiating neurons. We have also identified a new set of coding genes and lncRNAs involved in early neuronal differentiation and validated with functional assaysIn VitroandIn Vivo. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms governing the early differentiation steps during cortical development, especially CR neuron biology, and help understand the developmental basis for cortical function and diseases.
Physical interactions reduce the power of natural selection in growing yeast colonies
Authors: Giometto Andrea , Nelson David R , Murray Andrew W 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMicrobial populations often assemble in dense populations in which proliferating individuals exert mechanical forces on the nearby cells. Here, we use yeast strains whose doubling times depend differently on temperature to show that physical interactions among cells affect the competition between different genotypes in growing yeast colonies. Our experiments demonstrate that these physical interactions have two related effects: they cause the prolonged survival of slower-growing strains at the actively-growing frontier of the colony and cause faster-growing strains to increase their frequency more slowly than expected in the absence of physical interactions. These effects also promote the survival of slower-growing strains and the maintenance of genetic diversity in colonies grown in time-varying environments. A continuum model inspired by overdamped hydrodynamics reproduces the experiments and predicts that the strength of natural selection depends on the width of the actively-growing layer at the colony frontier. We verify these predictions experimentally. The reduced power of natural selection observed here may favor the maintenance of drug-resistant cells in microbial populations and could explain the apparent neutrality of inter-clone competition within tumors.Significance StatementMicrobes often live in dense populations such as colonies and biofilms. We show that the success and extinction of yeast strains within a growing colony are determined by a combination of their relative fitness and the forces exerted by proliferating cells on their neighbors. These physical interactions prolong the survival of less-fit strains at the growing frontier of the colony and slow down the colony’s takeover by fitter strains. This reduction in the power of natural selection favors the maintenance of genetic diversity in environments in which the strains’ relative growth rates vary with time. Growth-induced physical interactions may thus favor the maintenance of drug-resistant cells, which are typically less-fit than non-resistant cells, within dense microbial populations.
Meta-analysis of Reward Processing in Major Depressive Disorder Reveals Distinct Abnormalities within the Reward Circuit
Authors: Ng Tommy H. , Alloy Lauren B. , Smith David V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany neuroimaging studies have investigated reward processing dysfunction in major depressive disorder. These studies have led to the common idea that major depressive disorder is associated with blunted responses within the reward circuit, particularly in the ventral striatum. Yet, the link between major depressive disorder and reward-related responses in other regions remains inconclusive, thus limiting our understanding of the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder. To address this issue, we performed a coordinate-based meta-analysis of 41 whole-brain neuroimaging studies encompassing reward-related responses from a total of 794 patients with major depressive disorder and 803 healthy controls. Our findings argue against the common idea that major depressive disorder is primarily linked to deficits within the reward system. Instead, our results demonstrate that major depressive disorder is associated with opposing abnormalities in the reward circuit: hypo-responses in the ventral striatum and hyper-responses in the orbitofrontal cortex. The current findings suggest that dysregulated corticostriatal connectivity may underlie reward-processing abnormalities in major depressive disorder, providing an empirical foundation for a more refined understanding of abnormalities in the reward circuitry in major depressive disorder.
Peri-saccadic perceptual mislocalization is different for upward saccades
Authors: Grujic Nikola , Brehm Nils , Gloge Cordula , Zhuo Weijie , Hafed Ziad M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSaccadic eye movements, which dramatically alter retinal images, are associated with robust peri-movement perceptual alterations. Such alterations, thought to reflect brain mechanisms for maintaining perceptual stability in the face of saccade-induced retinalimage disruptions, are often studied by asking subjects to localize brief stimuli presented around the time of horizontal saccades. However, other saccade directions are not usually explored. Motivated by recently discovered asymmetries in upper and lower visual field representations in the superior colliculus, a structure important for both saccade generation and visual analysis, here we observed significant differences in peri-saccadic perceptual alterations for upward saccades relative to other saccade directions. We also found that, even for purely horizontal saccades, perceptual alterations differ for upper versus lower retinotopic stimulus locations. Our results, coupled with conceptual modeling, suggest that peri-saccadic perceptual alterations might critically depend on neural circuits, like superior colliculus, that asymmetrically represent the upper and lower visual fields.
Effect of set up protocols on the accuracy of alchemical free energy calculation over a set of ACK1 inhibitors
Authors: Granadino-Roldán José M. , Mey Antonia S. J. S. , Pérez González Juan J. , Bosisio Stefano , Rubio-Martinez Jaime , Michel Julien 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHit-to-lead virtual screening frequently relies on a cascade of computational methods that starts with rapid calculations applied to a large number of compounds and ends with more expensive computations restricted to a subset of compounds that passed initial filters. This work focuses on set up protocols for alchemical free energy (AFE) scoring in the context of a Docking – MM/PBSA – AFE cascade. A dataset of 15 congeneric inhibitors of the ACK1 protein was used to evaluate the performance of AFE set up protocols that varied in the steps taken to prepare input files (using previously docked and best scored poses, manual selection of poses, manual placement of binding site water molecules). The main finding is that use of knowledge derived from X-ray structures to model binding modes, together with the manual placement of a bridging water molecule, improves the R2 from 0.45 ± 0.06 to 0.76 ± 0.02 and decreases the mean unsigned error from 2.11 ± 0.08 to 1.24 ± 0.04 kcal mol-1. By contrast a brute force automated protocol that increased the sampling time ten-fold lead to little improvements in accuracy. Besides, it is shown that for the present dataset hysteresis can be used to flag poses that need further attention even without prior knowledge of experimental binding affinities.
Stretching combined with repetitive small length changes of the plantar flexor muscles enhances their passive extensibility for longer duration than conventional static stretching, while not compromising strength
Authors: Ikeda Naoki , Inami Takayuki , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStatic stretching increases flexibility but can decrease muscle strength, and the method to avoid the latter has been longed for. In this study, a novel stretching modality was developed that provides repetitive small length changes to the plantar flexor muscles undergoing passive static stretching (“local vibration stretching,”). We investigated the effects of local vibration stretching on muscle strength, flexibility and its persistence. Plantar flexion strength and maximal ankle joint dorsiflexion angle (dorsiflexion range of motion) were measured for 10 healthy young males before (pre) and immediately after (post) three types of stretching: static stretching, local vibration stretching at 15 Hz, and no intervention (control). The dorsiflexion range of motion was measured also at 15, 30, and 60 min post-stretching. Elongation of the medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon was determined by ultrasonography. Plantar flexion strength significantly decreased by 4.3 ± 3.5 % in static stretching but not in local vibration stretching. The dorsiflexion range of motion significantly increased both in static stretching (7.2 ± 8.1 %) and local vibration stretching (11.2 ± 14.6 %) which was accompanied by a significantly larger muscle elongation but not tendon elongation. Elevated dorsiflexion range of motion was maintained until 30 min after the local vibration stretching while it returned to baseline level (pre-intervention) in 15 min after the static stretching. All variables remained unchanged in the control condition. In conclusion, local vibration stretching improves extensibility of the muscle belly without decreasing strength, and the increased flexibility is retained longer than static stretching.
The influence of prosocial priming on visual perspective taking and automatic imitation
Authors: Newey Rachel , Koldewyn Kami , Ramsey Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractImitation and perspective taking are core features of non-verbal social interactions. We imitate one another to signal a desire to affiliate and consider others’ points of view to better understand their perspective. Prior research suggests that a relationship exists between prosocial behaviour and imitation. For example, priming prosocial behaviours has been shown to increase imitative tendencies in automatic imitation tasks. Despite its importance during social interactions, far less is known about how perspective taking might relate to either prosociality or imitation. The current study investigates the relationship between imitation and perspective taking by testing the extent to which these skills are similarly modulated by prosocial priming. Across all experimental groups, a surprising ceiling effect emerged in the perspective taking task (the Director’s Task), which prevented the investigation prosocial priming on perspective taking. A comparison of other studies using the Director’s Task shows wide variability in accuracy scores across studies and is suggestive of low task reliability. In addition, despite using a high-power design, and contrary to three previous studies, no effect of prosocial prime on imitation was observed. Meta-analysing all studies to date suggests that the effects of prosocial primes on imitation are variable and could be small. The current study, therefore, offers caution when using the Director’s Task as a measure of perspective taking with adult populations, as it shows high variability across studies and may suffer from a ceiling effect. In addition, the results question the size and robustness of prosocial priming effects on automatic imitation. More generally, by reporting null results we hope to minimise publication bias and by meta-analysing results as studies emerge and making data freely available, we hope to move towards a more cumulative science of social cognition.
Achieving sustainable behavioral changes of daily work practices
Authors: Leyer Michael , Hirzel Ann-Kathrin , Moormann Juergen 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Process-oriented behavior is a prerequisite for transforming a company into a process-oriented organization, but is difficult to achieve among employees. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of role plays on adapting process-oriented behavior in daily work practices.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the theory of cognitive dissonance, the authors investigate whether role plays are an effective learning method. This study was conducted over a period of two years and included 212 participants of a financial services provider.

Findings
The results reveal that the role play used had a persistent impact on employees’ process-oriented behavior in terms of their process knowledge, their cross-functional coordination, and their continuous process reflection, but not on their process awareness. Thus, the authors conclude that despite high application costs, role plays are beneficial for financial services companies to train their employees.

Research limitations/implications
While the data stem from participants within one financial service provider only, this study contributes to the understanding how process-oriented behavior can be promoted sustainably in organizations.

Practical implications
The results indicate that companies aiming for process orientation should apply role plays to achieve a change in behavior of employees.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the understanding of role plays as an effective learning method to adopt process-oriented behavior.
Virtual reality: adding immersive dimension to sales training
Authors: Upadhyay Ashwani Kumar , Khandelwal Komal 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This paper discusses the applications of virtual reality (VR) in the field of sales training and highlights the implications for practice by building on cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is prepared on the basis of the review of recent developments in research and practice related to VR.

Findings
VR hardware, content, and applications are being designed to be more realistic and immersive, which may lead to higher visibility and popularity. VR training mimics real jobs, and with immersive experience, trainees do better at their actual jobs. The use of VR is training, transforming, and making it more dynamic, immersive, engaging, affordable, and remotely accessible.

Practical implications
The paper provides condensed insights about the applications and developments of VR in the field of sales training.

Originality/value
The paper saves hours of reading time for busy executives and researchers by selecting and presenting the most relevant and valuable information in a summarized and crisp format.