bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiological and Technical Considerations of Extracorporeal CO2 Removal
Authors: Karagiannidis Christian , Hesselmann Felix , Fan Eddy 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Resuscitation Fluid Choices to Preserve the Endothelial Glycocalyx
Authors: Milford Elissa M. , Reade Michael C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Cillóniz Catia , Dominedò Cristina , Torres Antoni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Iron Metabolism: An Emerging Therapeutic Target in Critical Illness
Authors: Litton Edward , Lim Jolene 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2019. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2019. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Analysis of crystal defects by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in a modern scanning electron microscope
Authors: Sun Cheng , Müller Erich , Meffert Matthias , Gerthsen Dagmar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDislocations and stacking faults are important crystal defects, because they strongly influence material properties. As of now, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the most frequently used technique to study the properties of single dislocations and stacking faults. Specifically, the Burgers vector b of dislocations or displacement vector R of stacking faults can be determined on the basis of the g·b = n (g·R = n) criterion by setting up different two-beam diffraction conditions with an imaging vector g. Based on the reciprocity theorem, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) can also be applied for defect characterization, but has been less frequently used up to now. In this work, we demonstrate g·b = n (g·R = n) analyses of dislocations and stacking faults in GaN by STEM imaging in a scanning electron microscope. The instrument is equipped with a STEM detector, double-tilt TEM specimen holder, and a charge-coupled-device camera for the acquisition of on-axis diffraction patterns. The latter two accessories are mandatory to control the specimen orientation, which has not been possible before in a scanning electron microscope.
Endogenous Oxytocin Levels in Relation to Food Intake, Menstrual Phase, and Age in Females
Authors: Aulinas Anna , Pulumo Reitumetse L , Asanza Elisa , Mancuso Christopher J , Slattery Meghan , Tolley Christiane , Plessow Franziska , Thomas Jennifer J , Eddy Kamryn T , Miller Karen K , Klibanski Anne , Misra Madhusmita , Lawson Elizabeth A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Context
Oxytocin regulates a range of physiological processes including eating behavior and oxytocin administration reduces caloric intake in males. There are few data on oxytocin and eating behavior in healthy females or on the response of endogenous oxytocin to food intake and its relationship to appetite in humans.

Objectives
To determine the postprandial pattern of oxytocin levels, the relationship between oxytocin and appetite, and the impact of menstrual cycle phase and age on oxytocin levels in females.

Design
Cross-sectional.

Setting
Clinical research center.

Participants
Fifty-five healthy females (age 10 to 45 years).

Interventions
A standardized mixed meal was administered.

Main Outcome Measurements
Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred at fasting and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Appetite was assessed using Visual Analogue Scales pre- and postmeal.

Results
Mean fasting oxytocin levels were 1011.2 ± 52.3 pg/mL (SEM) and decreased at 30 and 60 minutes postmeal (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Mean oxytocin levels decreased19.6% ± 3.0% from baseline to nadir. Oxytocin area under the curve was lower in the early to midfollicular menstrual cycle phase (P = 0.0003) and higher in younger females (P = 0.002). The percent change in oxytocin (baseline to nadir) was associated with postprandial hunger (rs = -0.291, P = 0.03) and fullness (rs = 0.345, P = 0.009). These relations remained significant after controlling for calories consumed, menstrual cycle status, and age (P = 0.023 and P = 0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions
Peripheral oxytocin levels in females decrease after a mixed meal and are associated with appetite independent of menstrual phase, age, and caloric intake, suggesting that endogenous oxytocin levels may play a role in perceived hunger and satiety.
On the Security of Authenticated Group Key Agreement Protocols
Authors: Bala Suman , Sharma Gaurav , Bansal Hmani , Bhatia Tarunpreet 
Published: March 2019

The group key agreement protocol enables to derive a shared session key for the remote members to communicate securely. Recently, several attempts are made to utilize group key agreement protocols for secure multicasting in Internet of Things. This paper contributes to identify the security vulnerabilities in the existing protocols, to avoid them in future constructions. The protocols presented by Gupta and Biswas have been found insecure to ephemeral secret key leakage (ESL) attack and also, malicious insiders can impersonate an honest participant. Additionally, the protocol presented by Tan is also ESL-insecure. We also present a fix to the Tan's protocol to make it secure.
A Secure Structure for Hiding Information in a Cryptosystem based on Machine-learning Techniques and Content-based Optimization using Portfolio Selection Data
Authors: Kumar Chanchal , Doja Mohammad Najmud 
Published: March 2019

Many systems including networks environment have higher complexity and ubiquitous connections than a normal system, hence design of a security system for hiding pertinent data a challenging task. This paper presents a secure structure that extends a protocol which is available for fast Diffe-Hellman protocol using Kummer surface. We show the extended version of the scheme by inclusion of an additional point, such that a more secure system can be constructed. The scheme has been build by employing machine-learning technique to select an appropriate class from multiple set of surfaces. A brief discussion on inclusion of multiple surfaces and making a selection of a specific surface using NSGA II algorithm is also provided. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of AES-128 (AES also known as Rijndael). In the starting, a short overview of the AES is given. This paper also has a description for altering the key generation module in AES based upon a newly designed content-based matrix which is built from portfolio selection data. The matrix is constructed using some predefined factors modifies the existing index which is computed based upon the context of the message. An optimization algorithm is employed for selecting specified entries from content matrix. These selected entries are used for altering the key generation algorithm in AES. The modified output obtained after altering the key generation scheme is provided in the paper. Lastly, a brief overview of LIM index, which is used as an index in cryptanalysis, is given. This paper has a description of the scheme to construct a more secure system that is capable of hiding the information with above-mentioned techniques.
Simulation and analysis of optical imaging systems including real freeform components
Authors: Stock Johannes , Beier Matthias , Hartung Johannes , Merx Sebastian , Gross Herbert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the precision of the manufacturing process for optical surfaces has improved tremendously. As a result, freefrom surfaces have become more attractive options for imaging applications with increased accuracy requirements. However, with regards the integration into an optical system, performance is often limited due to surface imperfections, such as mid-spatial frequency errors and alignment errors. This demonstrates the need for a more holistic description of systems, including multiple freeform components, which enable performance predictions based on the system as a whole. In this work, a solution for such a simulation is presented and verified by a comparison with the experimental data. This procedure not only predicts system performance but also supports tolerancing and easier alignment.
100 Jahre Seminar für Nahoststudien in Basel
Authors: Reinkowski Maurus , Würsch Renate 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In 2019, the Basel Institute for Middle Eastern Studies will celebrate its centennial, but the preoccupation of some Basel (and Swiss) scholars with topics of Islamic and Oriental studies dates back to the 16th century. This paper first looks at specialists with a Basel background before the institute was founded in 1919 (Hieronymus Harder, Johann Ludwig Frey, Albert Socin, Adam Mez, Wilhelm Sarasin-His). It then presents an outline of the last hundred years of institutional Middle Eastern studies in Basel, and finishes with some reflections on the recent developments of a discipline which has undergone major changes since the 1980s in the wake of the debate on “Orientalism”.
Entropy-based feature extraction technique in conjunction with wavelet packet transform for multi-mental task classification
Authors: Uyulan Caglar , Ergüzel Türker Tekin , Tarhan Nevzat 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Event-related mental task information collected from electroencephalography (EEG) signals, which are functionally related to different brain areas, possesses complex and non-stationary signal features. It is essential to be able to classify mental task information through the use in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. This paper proposes a wavelet packet transform (WPT) technique merged with a specific entropy biomarker as a feature extraction tool to classify six mental tasks. First, the data were collected from a healthy control group and the multi-signal information comprised six mental tasks which were decomposed into a number of subspaces spread over a wide frequency spectrum by projecting six different wavelet basis functions. Later, the decomposed subspaces were subjected to three entropy-type statistical measure functions to extract the feature vectors for each mental task to be fed into a backpropagation time-recurrent neural network (BPTT-RNN) model. Cross-validated classification results demonstrated that the model could classify with 85% accuracy through a discrete Meyer basis function coupled with a Renyi entropy biomarker. The classifier model was finally tested in the Simulink platform to demonstrate the Fourier series representation of periodic signals by tracking the harmonic pattern. In order to boost the model performance, ant colony optimization (ACO)-based feature selection method was employed. The overall accuracy increased to 88.98%. The results underlined that the WPT combined with an entropy uncertainty measure methodology is both effective and versatile to discriminate the features of the signal localized in a time-frequency domain.
Inefficiency of levothyroxine suspension in a neonate with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Chan Jacqueline T. , D’Ambrosio Fabiola , Minutti Carla Z. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the major causes of preventable mental retardation. Diagnosis, hormonal replacement and normalization of thyroid function tests should happen before 2–3 weeks of life. Levothyroxine is the treatment of choice for congenital hypothyroidism.

Case presentation
A patient born at 32 weeks for gestational age with a birthweight of 1.73 kg. The pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. The physical exam was unremarkable. The initial newborn screen noted a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 70.5 mIU/mL (n < 20 mIU/mL). Serum thyroid function test revealed a TSH of 215 mIU/mL and free thyroxine (FT4) of 0.08 ng/dL. The patient was started on levothyroxine 25 μg tablet daily at day of life (DOL) 7. Repeat TSH and FT4 after 1 week of treatment, revealed a TSH of 0.686 and FT4 of 4.12 ng/dL, levothyroxine was discontinued. Repeat tests after 1 week, showed a TSH of 47.5 mIU/mL and a FT4 of 0.84 ng/dL. Levothyroxine in a liquid form at 25 μg a day was started on DOL 21. On DOL 38, TSH was repeated and was noted to be 120 mIU/mL. Levothyroxine was switched to a tablet formulation and was increased to 37.5 μg daily. Repeat tests at DOL 50, showed a TSH that was trending down to 9.241 mIU/mL.

Conclusion
Levothyroxine (T4) is a synthetic hormone considered to be the standard of care for the treatment of congenital hypothyroidism. Treatment is most effective if given orally in tablet form. To date, there are no liquid formulations and no compounding recipes that produce a stable concentration of levothyroxine in the USA. Efforts to create suspensions, especially for neonates, should be carefully considered as this is a critical time for brain development. The case presented shows how treatment of congenital hypothyroidism can be ineffective if using a liquid formulation of levothyroxine.
A workshop to train medicine faculty to teach clinical reasoning
Authors: Schaye Verity , Janjigian Michael , Hauck Kevin , Shapiro Neil , Becker Daniel , Lusk Penelope , Hardowar Khemraj , Zabar Sondra , Dembitzer Anne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Clinical reasoning (CR) is a core competency in medical education. Few studies have examined efforts to train faculty to teach CR and lead CR curricula in medical schools and residencies. In this report, we describe the development and preliminary evaluation of a faculty development workshop to teach CR grounded in CR theory.

Methods
Twenty-six medicine faculty (nine hospitalists and 17 subspecialists) participated in a workshop that introduced a framework to teach CR using an interactive, case-based didactic followed by role-play exercises. Faculty participated in pre- and post-Group Observed Structured Teaching Exercises (GOSTE), completed retrospective pre-post assessments (RPPs), and made commitment to change statements (CTCs).

Results
In the post-GOSTE, participants significantly improved in their use of problem representation and illness scripts to teach CR. RPPs revealed that faculty were more confident in their ability and more likely to teach CR using educational strategies grounded in CR educational theory. At 2-month follow-up, 81% of participants reported partially implementing these teaching techniques.

Conclusions
After participating in this 3-h workshop, faculty demonstrated increased ability to use these teaching techniques and expressed greater confidence and an increased likelihood to teach CR. The majority of faculty reported implementing these newly learned educational strategies into practice.
Use of clinical reasoning tasks by medical students
Authors: McBee Elexis , Blum Christina , Ratcliffe Temple , Schuwirth Lambert , Polston Elizabeth , Artino Anthony R. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
A framework of clinical reasoning tasks used by physicians during clinical encounters was previously developed proposing that clinical reasoning is a complex process composed of 26 possible tasks. The aim of this paper was to analyze the verbalized clinical reasoning processes of medical students utilizing commonly encountered internal medicine cases.

Methods
In this mixed-methods study, participants viewed three video recorded clinical encounters. After each encounter, participants completed a think-aloud protocol. The qualitative data from the transcribed think-aloud transcripts were analyzed by two investigators using a constant comparative approach. The type, frequency, and pattern of codes used were analyzed.

Results
Seventeen third and fourth year medical students participated. They used 15 reasoning tasks across all cases. The average number of tasks used in cases 1, 2, and 3 was (respectively) 5.6 (range 3–8), 5.9 (range 4–8), and 5.3 (range 3–10). The order in which medical students verbalized reasoning tasks varied and appeared purposeful but non-sequential.

Conclusions
Consistent with prior research in residents, participants progressed through the encounter in a purposeful but non-sequential fashion. Reasoning tasks related to framing the encounter and diagnosis were not used in succession but interchangeably. This suggests that teaching successful clinical reasoning may involve encouraging or demonstrating multiple pathways through a problem. Further research exploring the association between use of clinical reasoning tasks and clinical reasoning accuracy could enhance the medical community’s understanding of variance in clinical reasoning.
Identification of geodetic risk factors occurring at the construction project preparation stage
Authors: Kowacka Magdalena , Skorupka Dariusz , Duchaczek Artur , Zagrodnik Paweł 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The work contains information on the implementation of surveying works in the road construction process. The aim of the research was to identify geodetic risk factors occurring at the stage of preparation of a construction project, the presence of which can greatly disrupt the undertaking such as the road construction. The research was carried out on the basis of expert knowledge, documentation obtained from various road construction projects and the analysis of disturbances at the initial stage of works.
Multicriteria comparative analysis of pillars strengthening of the historic building
Authors: Kafel Katarzyna , Leśniak Agnieszka , Zima Krzysztof 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Over time, historic buildings are exposed to various destructive mechanisms brought about by a wide range of damaging factors. Costs and methods of reinforcing their individual components are, among others, an important issue. The term "reinforcement" is linked with the concept of conservation, which stands for the actions taken with the aim of preserving a building. It provides a well-articulated system consisting of activities that lead to the reinforcement of the structure, usability enhancement or to the improvement of its carrying capacity. This article analyses the selection of an appropriate brick pillar reinforcement method, taking into account accepted evaluation criteria.
Exploring conditions and usefulness of UAVs in the BRAIN Massive Inspections Protocol
Authors: Serrat Carles , Cellmer Anna , Banaszek Anna , Gibert Vicenç 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this paper authors conduct a case study analysis by implementing the use of UAVs in the data collection within the BRAIN framework for the failures diagnosis of facades. The main goal is to assess the conditions and usefulness of UAVs in the BRAIN protocol by analyzing the goodness of fit to the fundamental requirements that support this inspection methodology. This preliminary qualitative approach allows the authors to investigate the benefits and potential of this high performance technology as a complement or alternative tool to the initial method, which is based on visual inspections supported, as maximum, by high resolution digital camera images. For the study a sample of facades has been selected in Poland. A full equipped UAV has been collecting the images. Finally, full procedure, collected data and positive and negative issues has been assessed under the perspective of the requirements involved in a multiscale BRAIN inspection. Overall scoring conditions has been determined and, as a conclusion, it can be stated that the use of UAVs for technical inspections in a population based predictive approach is, and even more it will be in the future, an interesting complementary tool for the data collection.
A hybrid approach for solving multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem in construction
Authors: Rosłon Jerzy Hubert , Kulejewski Janusz Edward 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Practical problems in construction can be easily qualified as NP-hard (non-deterministic, polynomial-time hard) problems. The time needed for solving these problems grows exponentially with the increase of the problem’s size – this is why mathematical and heuristic methods do not enable finding solutions to complicated construction problems within an acceptable period of time. In the view of many authors, metaheuristic algorithms seem to be the most appropriate measures for scheduling and task sequencing. However even metaheuristic approach does not guarantee finding the optimal solution and algorithms tend to get stuck around local optima of objective functions. This is why authors considered improving the metaheuristic approach by the use of neural networks. In the article, authors analyse possible benefits of using a hybrid approach with the use of metaheuristics and neural networks for solving the multi-mode, resource-constrained, project-scheduling problem (MRCPSP). The suggested approach is described and tested on a model construction project schedule. The results are promising for construction practitioners, the hybrid approach improved results in 87% of tests. Based on the research outcomes, authors suggest future research ideas.
Management of Innovation Ecosystems Based on Six Sigma Business Scorecard
Authors: Calado João M. F. , Requeijo José Gomes , Abreu António , Dias Ana 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the present context, companies to be competitive must develop high-performance innovation capabilities that enable them to respond quickly to market needs. However, the lack of tools and methodologies to assess the performance of innovation projects in an integrated way remains an obstacle.
The paper begins by discussing the principles of Six Sigma and the Balanced Scorecard for performance evaluation. Next, the advantages of the Six Sigma Business Scorecard are discussed as a tool to support the evaluation of performance in innovation projects. Finally, the advantages of their application in the context of a collaborative ecosystem are discussed.
It is illustrated that the BSC ensures that top management pays attention at any time to the specific elements of the Six Sigma implementation that are not working as planned, providing a link between strategy and quality initiatives assuring customers satisfaction in innovation projects.