bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eradicating abundant invasive prey could cause unexpected and varied biodiversity outcomes: The importance of multispecies interactions
Authors: Lurgi Miguel , Ritchie Euan G. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Abundant and widely distributed invasive prey can negatively affect co‐occurring native species by competing for food and/or shelter, removing vegetation cover and reducing habitat complexity (changing predation risk), and by sustaining elevated abundances of invasive mesopredators. However, information regarding the community and trophic consequences of controlling invasive prey and their temporal dynamics remain poorly understood.

We used multispecies ecological network models to simulate the consequences of changing European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus abundance in an arid mammalian community. We quantified how changes in the dominant prey (rabbits) affected multiple trophic levels, examining changes in predator–prey interactions through time and how they affected native prey persistence.

Our results suggest that removal of rabbits can benefit native biodiversity immediately at removal rates between 30% and 40%. However, beyond these levels, densities of small native mammals will decline in the short term. The processes underpinning these declines are: (a) increased competition for resources (vegetation) with kangaroos Macropus spp., whose numbers increase due to their release from competition with rabbits and (b) increased predation (prey switching) by feral cats Felis catus. Both effects are mediated by dingoes Canis dingo, a native apex predator.

Importantly, native mammal abundance recovers after a time delay, which is prolonged when high rates of rabbit control are applied. This is likely due to a reduction in hyperpredation by invasive feral cats and red foxes Vulpes vulpes following rabbit removal.

Continued eradication of rabbits in arid Australia will benefit native species due to a decrease in apparent competition for resources and by alleviating hyperpredation from invasive mesopredators. Furthermore, ecosystem‐level conservation benefits of reducing invasive prey abundance are as important as direct control of invasive mesopredators.

Synthesis and applications. Multispecies ecological network models provide wildlife managers with tools to better understand and predict the complex effects of species removal and control on both intact and modified ecosystems. Our results show that management of the Australian arid zone can benefit from controlling invasive prey as well as invasive predators. However, invasive species control can cause unexpected outcomes on native biodiversity. This extends to other systems where dominant prey may play fundamental roles in ecosystem structure and function.
Contrasting distributions of bacteriophages and eukaryotic viruses from contaminated coastal sediments
Authors: Lachnit Tim , Dafforn Katherine A. , Johnston Emma L. , Steinberg Peter 
Published: July 2018

SummaryViruses are ubiquitous, abundant and play an important role in all ecosystems. Here, we advance understanding of coastal sediment viruses by exploring links in the composition and abundance of sediment viromes to environmental stressors and sediment bacterial communities. We collected sediment from contaminated and reference sites in Sydney Harbour and used metagenomics to analyse viral community composition. The proportion of phages at contaminated sites was significantly greater than phages at reference sites, whereas eukaryotic viruses were relatively more abundant at reference sites. We observed shifts in viral and bacterial composition between contaminated and reference sites of a similar magnitude. Models based on sediment characteristics revealed that total organic carbon in the sediments explained most of the environmental stress‐related variation in the viral dataset. Our results suggest that the presence of anthropogenic contaminants in coastal sediments could be influencing viral community composition with potential consequences for associated hosts and the environment.
High phylogenetic diversity and abundance pattern of Labyrinthulomycete protists in the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea
Authors: Xie Ningdong , Sen Biswarup , Song Zhiquan , Zhao Yue , Chen Zixi , Shi Weijie , Zhang Yongfeng , Zhang Jianle , Johnson Zackary I. , Wang Guangyi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe unicellular Labyrinthulomycete protists have long been considered to play a significant role in ocean carbon cycling. However, their distribution and biogeochemical function remain poorly understood. We present a large‐scale study of their spatiotemporal abundance and diversity in the coastal waters of Bohai Sea using flow cytometry and high‐throughput sequencing. These protists display niche preferences and episodic higher biomass than that of bacterioplankton with much phylogenetic diversity (> 4000 OTUs) ever reported. They were ubiquitous with a typical abundance range of 100–1000 cells ml−1 and biomass range of 0.06–574.59 μg C L−1. The observed spatiotemporal abundance variations support the current ‘left‐over scavengers’ nutritional model and highlight these protists as a significant component of the marine microbial loop. The higher average abundance and phylogenetic diversity in the nearshore compared with those in the offshore reveal their predominant role in the terrigenous matter decomposition. Furthermore, the differential relationship of the protist genera to environmental conditions together with their co‐occurrence network suggests their unique substrate preferences and niche partitioning. With few subnetworks and possible keystone species, their network topology indicates community resilience and high connectance level of few operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We demonstrate the significant contribution of these protists to the secondary production and nutrient cycling in the coastal waters. As secondary producers, their role will become more important with increasingly coastal eutrophication.
Identifying labile DOM components in a coastal ocean through depleted bacterial transcripts and chemical signals
Authors: Vorobev Alexey , Sharma Shalabh , Yu Mengyun , Lee Juhyung , Washington Benjamin J. , Whitman William B. , Ballantyne Ford , Medeiros Patricia M. , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUnderstanding which compounds comprising the complex and dynamic marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool are important in supporting heterotrophic bacterial production remains a major challenge. We eliminated sources of labile phytoplankton products, advected terrestrial material and photodegradation products to coastal microbial communities by enclosing water samples in situ for 24 h in the dark. Bacterial genes for which expression decreased between the beginning and end of the incubation and chemical formulae that were depleted over this same time frame were used as indicators of bioavailable compounds, an approach that avoids augmenting or modifying the natural DOM pool. Transport‐ and metabolism‐related genes whose relative expression decreased implicated osmolytes, carboxylic acids, fatty acids, sugars and organic sulfur compounds as candidate bioreactive molecules. FT‐ICR MS analysis of depleted molecular formulae implicated functional groups ~ 30–40 Da in size cleaved from semi‐polar components of DOM as bioreactive components. Both gene expression and FT‐ICR MS analyses indicated higher lability of compounds with sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms. Untargeted methodologies able to integrate biological and chemical perspectives can be effective strategies for characterizing the labile microbial metabolites participating in carbon flux.
Increases in temperature and nutrient availability positively affect methane‐cycling microorganisms in Arctic thermokarst lake sediments
Authors: de Jong Anniek E. E. , in ’t Zandt Michiel H. , Meisel Ove H. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Dean Joshua F. , Rasigraf Olivia , Welte Cornelia U. 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Arctic permafrost soils store large amounts of organic matter that is sensitive to temperature increases and subsequent microbial degradation to methane (CH
4) and carbon dioxide (CO
2). Here, we studied methanogenic and methanotrophic activity and community composition in thermokarst lake sediments from Utqiag˙vik (formerly Barrow), Alaska. This experiment was carried out under in situ temperature conditions (4°C) and the IPCC 2013 Arctic climate change scenario (10°C) after addition of methanogenic and methanotrophic substrates for nearly a year. Trimethylamine (TMA) amendment with warming showed highest maximum CH
4 production rates, being 30% higher at 10°C than at 4°C. Maximum methanotrophic rates increased by up to 57% at 10°C compared to 4°C. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated high relative abundance of Methanosarcinaceae in TMA amended incubations, and for methanotrophic incubations Methylococcaeae were highly enriched. Anaerobic methanotrophic activity with nitrite or nitrate as electron acceptor was not detected. This study indicates that the methane cycling microbial community can adapt to temperature increases and that their activity is highly dependent on substrate availability.
Qualitative exploration of the experiences of renal dietitians and how they help patients with end stage kidney disease to understand the renal diet
Authors: Lambert Kelly , Mansfield Kylie , Mullan Judy 
Published: July 2018

AimDietary modification is integral to the management of end stage kidney disease. However, adherence to the renal diet is poor. Few studies have explored the perspectives of renal dietitians and how they work with patients to facilitate dietary change. The objectives of this study were to explore the experiences of renal dietitians about educating patients with end stage kidney disease; and to describe the strategies perceived to help patients understand the renal diet.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews based on Sensemaking theory were conducted with renal dietitians (n = 27) working in Australia and New Zealand from a range of metropolitan, regional and remote areas.ResultsFive major themes across two categories were derived from the data. The renal dietitians in this study experienced feelings of frustration, frequently worked in practice environments with limited or inadequate resources and perceived that establishing trust and demonstrating empathy were important to sense making. Renal dietitians helped patients make sense of and understand the diet by clarifying ambiguities and conflicting information; and simplifying complexity by using simple explanations, individualised advice and practical support. These strategies were considered critical to the renal diet sense making process.ConclusionsThe experience of providing renal diet advice to adults with end stage kidney disease was emotionally and professionally challenging. Alternative approaches to patient education may help dietitians to empower patients to better understand the renal diet. Further research exploring the experiences of learning about the renal diet from the patient and carer perspective would also help to inform future alternative approaches.
Uptake and Transport Mechanism of Dihydromyricetin Across Human Intestinal Caco‐2 Cells
Authors: Xiang Dong , Fan Li , Hou Xiao‐long , Xiong Wei , Shi Chun‐yang , Wang Wen‐qing , Fang Jian‐guo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA variety of beneficial pharmacological activities have been reported for dihydromyricetin (DMY), however, its oral bioavailability is poor and the intestinal absorption profiles of DMY remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the uptake and transport mechanism of DMY in human intestinal Caco‐2 cells. DMY was detected using a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Several factors including time, concentration, pH, temperature and efflux transporters were systematically evaluated. DMY was poorly absorbed by a passive diffusion mechanism. The uptake and transport of DMY were time and concentration dependent. Interestingly, decreasing the pH from 8.0 to 6.0 markedly enhanced the DMY uptake, but didn't significantly affect its bidirectional transport. Efflux transporters, multidrug resistance protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein also influenced the DMY uptake and transport processes. This work details the uptake and transport characteristics of DMY and provides basis for future study.Practical ApplicationThis study elucidated the uptake and transport characteristics of dihydromyricetin (DMY). DMY was poorly absorbed by a passive diffusion mechanism. The uptake and transport of DMY were time and concentration dependent. Interestingly, pH affected DMY uptake but not its bidirectional transport. MRP2 and BCRP were involved in the uptake and transport of DMY, which hindered the absorption of DMY in the intestinal. Thus, the present study may provide useful information for designing DMY delivery systems and avoiding DMY‐drug interactions.
Effect of Xanthan Gum/Soybean Fiber Ratio in the Batter on Oil Absorption and Quality Attributes of Fried Breaded Fish Nuggets
Authors: Shan Jinhui , Chen Jiwang , Xie Dan , Xia Wenshui , Xu Wei , Xiong Youling L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractXanthan gum (XG) and soybean fiber (SF) at varying ratios were incorporated into the batter to inhibit oil absorption in fried battered and breaded fish nuggets (BBFNs). BBFNs were prepared with 1.2% XG and SF blends (at ratios 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 w/w), fried at 170 °C (40 s) followed by 190 °C (30 s), then evaluated for pickup, oil absorption, textural characteristics, and other quality attributes. Compared with the control (without the addition of XG and SF), fried BBFNs prepared with XD and SF had a significantly reduced fat content (P < 0.05). Among all the treatments, fried BBFNs with a 1:2 w/w ratio of XG and SF had the lowest fat content in the crust and the core (16.2% and 0.6%, respectively) and the highest moisture content. When compared with other treatments, the 1:2 w/w treatment group displayed a more intense golden yellow color, higher crispness, lower hardness, and a more compact structure in the crust, a greater elasticity and chewiness of the core, and the least oil penetration. The results proved that the combined addition of XG and SF in the batter can effectively inhibit oil absorption, which may be used to guide the production of low‐fat fried BBFNs.Practical ApplicationThis study clearly showed that the combined addition of XG and SF at different ratios in the batter significantly affected fat content and quality attributes of fried BBFNs. The inhibition of oil absorption and improvement of color and textural characteristics in fried BBFNs depended on the XG/SF ratio added to the batter, and a 1:2 w/w ratio was found to produce the maximum enhancement.
Autoreactive T cells to citrullinated HSP90 are associated with interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Juan , Song Shuli , Liu Yongliang , Liu Dehao , Lin Yihua , Ge Shengxiang , Ascherman Dana P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimPrevious analysis of comparative anti‐citrullinated heat shock protein 90 (citHSP90) antibody profiles between bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum indicates that the lung plays a direct role in shaping the immune repertoire of rheumatoid arthritis‐associated interstitial lung disease (RA‐ILD).MethodsTo address the contribution of citHSP90β‐specific T cells in this process, we evaluated in vitro cytokine responses to citHSP90β in RA patients with different stages of ILD as well as in controls with non‐RA connective tissue disease‐associated ILD (CTD‐ILD). Cultures derived from whole blood were individually stimulated with HSP90β, citHSP90β, citrullinated BSA, or no antigen. The concentrations of 13 cytokines and chemokines in the plasma supernatant were then measured using Luminex xMAP technology.ResultsCitHSP90β induced significantly higher levels of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) levels in RA‐ILD (interstitial lung abnormalities = 2 + 3) groups compared to the RA‐no ILD group (P = 0.01), but did not stimulate the production of other cytokines (P > 0.05). Furthermore, citHSP90β did not stimulate the production of IFN‐γ or other cytokines in those individuals with non‐RA CTD‐ILD.ConclusionOverall, the production of IFN‐γ by T cells stimulated with citHSP90β demonstrates a bias toward TH1 immune responses that are likely involved in the pathogenesis of RA‐ILD.
Incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis and its risk factors in a community‐based cohort
Authors: Cho Nam H. , Song Yoonah , Lee Seunghun , Sung Yoon‐Kyoung , Jun Jae‐Bum 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimChondrocalcinosis results from deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in articular cartilage. It is a relatively common radiographic finding of the joints, especially the knee. This study investigated the incidence and the risk factors for the development of knee chondrocalcinosis in the general population.MethodWe used a prospective, ongoing cohort, composed of 5018 people, which was established in 2001 to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of major chronic diseases in the Republic of Korea. The incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis was assessed per 1000 person‐years, and the risk factors were explored by Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.ResultsA total of 4543 patients who did not have knee chondrocalcinosis at enrollment, year 2001–2002, were evaluated with a mean follow‐up duration of 8.4 ± 4.2 years. The crude incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis was 3.19 per 1000 person‐years (women, 3.55; men, 2.70), and the whole cumulative incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis was 2.7%. Older age (> 55 years) and higher HbA1C were associated with increased risk of knee chondrocalcinosis.ConclusionThis is the first study to report the incidence of knee chondrocalcinosis in the general population of Korea. Older age and high HbA1C were independent risk factors for development of knee chondrocalcinosis.
Multifocal osteolysis with chylous polyserositis and intrathoracic vein thrombosis: a diagnostic challenge for rheumatologists
Authors: Jatuworapruk Kanon , Lertnawapan Ratchaya , Ratanabunjerdkul Hataiwan , Kintarak Jutatip , Satdhabudha Opas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVanishing bone disease with multisystemic involvement may mimic systemic autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases. We present a 19‐year‐old man who was hospitalized due to chest pain following a progressive osteolysis of the bony thorax. The disease later expanded into the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium in a form of massive chylous polyserositis. The patient also developed thrombosis of multiple central veins, which in turn worsened the chylothorax by increasing the pressure in the thoracic duct. This is the first case of vanishing bone disease complicated by triple chylous effusions and central vein thrombosis.
Paresthesia frequency in fibromyalgia and its effects on personality traits
Authors: Balbaloglu Ozlem , Tanik Nermin , Alpayci Mahmut , Ak Hakan , Karaahmet Elif , Inan Levent Ertugrul 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimParesthesia and personality disorders are common conditions among patients with fibromyalgia. However, no previous study has examined a possible relation of paresthesia with personality traits in fibromyalgia. This study investigates the frequency of paresthesia in fibromyalgia patients and its relation with personality traits.MethodFemale patients with fibromyalgia (n = 101) were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 49; mean age 40.63 ± 7.62 years; range 23–55 years) or absence (n = 52; mean age 40.50 ± 7.12 years; range 27–53 years) of paresthesia. Also, a healthy control group (n = 53; mean age 39.34 ± 5.26 years; range 23–55 years) was included. The groups were evaluated by the Temperament and Character Inventory. Accordingly, temperament includes four dimensions: harm avoidance, novelty seeking, persistence, reward dependence; and character consists of three dimensions: cooperativeness, self‐transcendence, self‐directedness.ResultsThere were no significant differences among the three groups in the scores of novelty seeking, persistence, reward dependence and cooperativeness (for all P > 0.05). Both fibromyalgia groups had significantly higher scores in harm avoidance and had lower scores in self‐directedness compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Also, fibromyalgia patients with paresthesia had significantly higher harm avoidance and self‐directedness scores than those in patients without paresthesia (P < 0.001). In both fibromyalgia groups, self‐transcendence scores were similar (P = 0.465) but significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first study evaluating the association of paresthesia and personality traits in fibromyalgia. These results suggest that psychological distress associated with high harm avoidance and low self‐directedness scores are more prominent in fibromyalgia patients, and especially of those who have paresthesia.
Modeling Relapse to Pavlovian Alcohol‐Seeking in Rats Using Reinstatement and Spontaneous Recovery Paradigms
Authors: LeCocq Mandy Rita , Lahlou Soraya , Chahine Melanie , Padillo Loreena Nadine , Chaudhri Nadia 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAnimal models are critical for studying causal explanations of relapse. Using a Pavlovian conditioning procedure with alcohol, we examined relapse after extinction triggered by either re‐exposure to alcohol (reinstatement) or a delay between extinction and test (spontaneous recovery).MethodsMale, Long‐Evans rats were acclimated to 15% alcohol in the home‐cage using an intermittent‐access 2‐bottle choice procedure. Next, they received Pavlovian conditioning sessions in which an auditory‐conditioned stimulus (CS; 20 second white noise; 8 trials/session; variable time 240 seconds) was paired with 15% alcohol (0.3 ml/CS; 2.4 ml/session) that was delivered into a fluid port for oral ingestion. In subsequent extinction and test sessions, CS presentations occurred as before, but without alcohol.ResultsIn experiment 1, exposure to either alcohol or water in the fluid port following extinction reinstated CS‐elicited port entries at test 24 hours later. In a follow‐up study using the same procedure (experiment 2), reinstatement was more robustly stimulated by alcohol, compared to a familiar lemon‐flavored liquid. In experiment 3, systemic alcohol injections (0, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg, intraperitoneal) administered either 24 hours or 15 minutes before test did not reinstate CS‐elicited alcohol‐seeking. Importantly, enzymatic assays in experiment 4 revealed detectable levels of alcohol in the blood following oral alcohol intake or intraperitoneal injection, suggesting that a pharmacological effect was likely with either route of administration. Last, in experiment 5, a 23‐day delay between extinction and test resulted in a robust spontaneous recovery of CS‐elicited alcohol‐seeking.ConclusionsThe reinstatement and spontaneous recovery effects revealed herein provide evidence of viable new behavioral paradigms for testing interventions against relapse.