bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical weather data for climate risk assessment
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Martius Olivia , Rohr Christian , Bresch David N. , Lin Kuan‐Hui Elaine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWeather‐ and climate‐related hazards are responsible for monetary losses, material damages, and societal consequences. Quantifying related risks is, therefore, an important societal task, particularly in view of future climate change. For this task, climate risk assessment increasingly uses model chains, which mainly build on data from the last few decades. The past record of events could play a role in this context. New numerical techniques can make use of historical weather data to simulate impacts quantitatively. However, using historical data for model applications differs from using recent products. Here, we provide an overview of climate risk assessment methodologies and of the properties of historical instrumental and documentary data. Using three examples, we then outline how historical environmental data can be used today in climate risk assessment by (1) developing and validating numerical model chains, (2) providing a large statistical sample which can be directly exploited to estimate hazards and to model present risks, and (3) establishing “worst‐case” events which are relevant references in the present or future. The examples show that, in order to be successful, different sources (reanalyses, digitized instrumental data, and documentary data) and methods (dynamical downscaling and analog methods) need to be combined on a case‐by‐case basis.
Risk of excessive intake of vitamins and minerals delivered through public health interventions: objectives, results, conclusions of the meeting, and the way forward
Authors: Garcia‐Casal Maria Nieves , Mowson Robin , Rogers Lisa , Grajeda Ruben ,   consultation working groups
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe excessive consumption of certain vitamins and minerals could have deleterious consequences on health and development of individuals and populations. Simultaneous micronutrient‐delivery interventions could be challenging in terms of safety as the target populations may overlap, posing a risk of excessive intake of certain micronutrients. The Evidence and Programme Guidance Unit of the Department of Nutrition for Health and Development of the World Health Organization convened a technical consultation on the risk of excessive intake of vitamins and minerals delivered through public health interventions in October 2017. The technical consultation's working groups identified important and emerging technical issues, lessons learned, and research priorities related to (1) planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating nutrition programs for the detection and control of the risk of excessive intakes; (2) safety, quality control, and assurance considerations; (3) coordination between public health nutrition interventions and other interventions and sectors; and (4) the legislative framework and policy coherence needed for simultaneous nutrition interventions. This paper provides the background and rationale of the technical consultation, synopsizes the presentations, and provides a summary of the main considerations proposed by the working groups.
Bifunctional anticaries peptides with antibacterial and remineralizing effects
Authors: Wang Xiuqing , Wang Yufei , Wang Kun , Ren Qian , Li Haoran , Zheng Sainan , Niu Yumei , Zhou Xuedong , Li Wei , Zhang Linglin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesInitial dental caries often occurs in clinic. Reduction of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization are effective ways to control them. This study was to develop bifunctional anticaries peptides with antibacterial and remineralizing properties.MethodsWe designed peptides TDH19, TNH19, and TVH19 and selected one through comparing their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against Streptococcus mutans and their reaction on mineralization. Then the bifunction of the selected peptide was studied through: (a) effects on S. mutans biofilm, (b) remineralizing effects on initial lesions and (c) stability in saliva and cytocompatibility to human oral keratinocytes (HOKs).ResultsTVH19 showed the lowest MIC and MBC and a better mineralizing ability. It inhibited new biofilm formation and reduced the viability of old biofilm (p < 0.05). Treating initial caries with TVH19 led to greater recovery of surface microhardness, shallower lesion depth, and higher mineral content (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between TVH19 and NaF samples (p > 0.05). TVH19 was stable in saliva and had little effect on HOKs.ConclusionsThe novel bifunctional anticaries peptide TVH19 was developed with remarkable antibacterial activity and the potential to enhance remineralization of initial caries.
Avoiding damage to transvenous leads—A comparison of electrocautery techniques and two insulated electrocautery blades
Authors: Wasserlauf Jeremiah , Esheim Taiki , Jarett Natasha M. , Chan Eric K.Y. , Schaller Robert D. , Garcia Fermin C. , Knight Bradley P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundElectrocautery (cautery) can damage transvenous cardiac device leads. The purpose of this study was to compare lead damage from an insulated cautery blade when used with several different techniques that included coagulation (COAG) versus cutting (CUT) mode, perpendicular active edge (active) versus parallel flat blade (flat) orientation (phase 1), and using one commercially available blade (PhotonBlade) versus another (PlasmaBlade) (phase 2).MethodsIn phase 1, lesions were delivered using combinations of: (1) COAG and CUT; (2) active and flat orientation; and (3) polyurethane, silicone, and copolymer insulation. In phase 2, lesions were delivered using combinations of: (1) PlasmaBlade and PhotonBlade, (2) four power output levels, and (3) eight different lead models. Lead damage was scored on an ordinal scale of 0 to 4.ResultsPhase 1: more leads were damaged using COAG than CUT (48% vs 2%, P < 0.0001). When using COAG, 74% of lesions using active orientation had damage versus 22% of lesions using flat orientation (P = 0.0002). COAG lesions to copolymer (61%) and polyurethane (68%) leads had greater damage than silicone (17%) (P = 0.006 and P = 0.003, respectively). Phase 2: 75% of treatments using PlasmaBlade had damage versus 40% of treatments with PhotonBlade (P < 0.0001). Higher power resulted in more damage. At the commonly used setting of CUT 20 W, damage occurred in 39% of treatments using PlasmaBlade versus 13% using PhotonBlade (P = 0.0006).ConclusionsCOAG resulted in more damage than CUT; this effect was greatest with the active edge, and with polyurethane or copolymer insulation. PhotonBlade was associated with less damage to leads than PlasmaBlade.
Micra implantation in a patient with transposition of great arteries
Authors: Kotschet Emily , Alasti Mohammad , Alison Jeff 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe describe a 56‐year‐old male with transposition of the great arteries and Mustard repair, superior vena cava obstruction, atrial fibrillation, and progressive deterioration of his epicardial lead performance. We were successful in deploying of Micra (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) at the septo‐apical area of his nonsystemic ventricle in a stable position with satisfactory pacing and sensing thresholds.
Biatrial volume, estimated using magnetic resonance imaging, predicts atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation
Authors: Kumagai Yu , Iwayama Tadateru , Arimoto Takanori , Kutsuzawa Daisuke , Hashimoto Naoaki , Tamura Harutoshi , Nishiyama Satoshi , Takahashi Hiroki , Shishido Tetsuro , Yamauchi Sou , Yamanaka Tamon , Miyamoto Takuya , Watanabe Tetsu , Kubota Isao , Watanabe Masafumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe predictive value of left atrial volume (LAV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) is known, but the relationship of right atrial volume (RAV) and biatrial volume (BAV) with AF recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not clear. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging allows us to more precisely quantify atrial volume. We investigated LAV, RAV, and BAV as predictors of AF recurrence following PVI in AF patients.Methods and ResultsWe assessed 100 AF patients (age = 59.8 ± 9.5 years, 74 males, 26 females) who underwent nonenhanced CMR before their first PVI. LAV and RAV were measured using CMR. All patients were in sinus rhythm during CMR. BAV was calculated as the sum of LAV and RAV. During the 8‐month follow‐up, AF recurrence occurred in 23 patients. LAV, RAV, and BAV were significantly greater in patients with AF recurrence than in those without (LAV, 103.7 ± 25.8 vs 81.8 ± 24.2 mL, P < 0.001; RAV, 109.4 ± 27.0 vs 82.2 ± 19.6 mL, P < 0.001; BAV, 213.1 ± 46.7 vs 164.1 ± 38.7 mL, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that increased LAV, RAV, and BAV were significantly correlated with AF recurrence. The area under the receiver operation characteristic curve for BAV showed the largest value compared to that of LAV or RAV alone.ConclusionsLAV, RAV, and BAV were independent predictors of AF recurrence after PVI. Quantifying BAV may additionally improve prognostic stratification compared with LAV or RAV.
Effectiveness of Primary Care Interventions Using a Biopsychosocial Approach in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Erp Reni M. A. , Huijnen Ivan P. J. , Jakobs Marluuke L. G. , Kleijnen Jos , Smeets Rob J. E. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveRecent systematic reviews show promising effects for multidisciplinary biopsychosocial (BPS) interventions in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Nowadays, BPS interventions have also been developed for primary care physiotherapy settings. Our aim was to systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of primary care BPS interventions in improving functional disability, pain, and work status for patients with CLBP. Secondly, we aimed to provide an elaborated overview of BPS intervention designs, physiotherapist training programs, and process‐related factors (practical implementation).MethodsWe searched in scientific databases and reference lists. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating primary care physiotherapist‐led BPS interventions in adults (≥18 years) with nonspecific CLBP (≥12 weeks) were included.ResultsOur search resulted in 943 references; 7 RCTs were included (1,426 participants). Results show moderate‐quality evidence (3 trials; 991 participants) that a BPS intervention is more effective than education/advice for reducing disability and pain in the short, medium, and long term. Low‐quality evidence (4 trials; 435 participants) was found for no difference with physical activity treatments.ConclusionsBPS interventions seem more effective than education/advice and were found to be as effective as physical activity interventions in patients with CLBP. BPS interventions with a clear focus on psychosocial factors (understanding pain, unhelpful thoughts, coping styles, and goal setting) seem most promising. Sufficient delivery of BPS elements is expected when physiotherapists participate in training programs with extensive support prior and during delivery (manual, supervision, and informative resources).
Whole genome sequencing reveals rare off‐target mutations and considerable inherent genetic or/and somaclonal variations in CRISPR/Cas9‐edited cotton plants
Authors: Li Jianying , Manghwar Hakim , Sun Lin , Wang Pengcheng , Wang Guanying , Sheng Hanyan , Zhang Jie , Liu Hao , Qin Lei , Rui Hangping , Li Bo , Lindsey Keith , Daniell Henry , Jin Shuangxia , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe CRISPR/Cas9 system has been extensively applied for crop improvement. However, our understanding of Cas9 specificity is very limited in Cas9‐edited plants. To identify on‐ and off‐target mutation in an edited crop, we described whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 14 Cas9‐edited cotton plants targeted to three genes, and three negative (Ne) control and three wild‐type (WT) plants. In total, 4188–6404 unique single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 312–745 insertions/deletions (indels) were detected in 14 Cas9‐edited plants compared to WT, negative and cotton reference genome sequences. Since the majority of these variations lack a protospacer‐adjacent motif (PAM), we demonstrated that the most variations following Cas9‐edited are due either to somaclonal variation or/and pre‐existing/inherent variation from maternal plants, but not off‐target effects. Of a total of 4413 potential off‐target sites (allowing ≤5 mismatches within the 20‐bp sgRNA and 3‐bp PAM sequences), the WGS data revealed that only four are bona fide off‐target indel mutations, validated by Sanger sequencing. Moreover, inherent genetic variation of WT can generate novel off‐target sites and destroy PAMs, which suggested great care should be taken to design sgRNA for the minimizing of off‐target effect. These findings suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 system is highly specific for cotton plants.
Genetic control of in vitro morphogenesis in wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Żebrowska Jadwiga , Dyduch‐Siemińska Magdalena , Gawroński Jacek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn vitro morphogenetic potential is a polygenic trait. Polygenes determining this trait can be located in the nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA. In this research, the role of nuclear and cytoplasmic genes in a genetic control of in vitro morphogenesis in Fragaria vesca L. (wild strawberry) was investigated. The study included 4 wild strawberry cultivars, that is, ‘Regina’, ‘Rugia’, ‘Yellow Wonder’ and ‘Baron Solemacher’. The 3rd Griffing method of diallel crossing was useful for achieving the purpose of the research, because it allowed to determine the possible influence of cytoplasmic loci on the inheritance of morphogenetic potential in the cultivars analysed. The cv. ‘Baron Solemacher’ revealed the maternal influence on the inheritance of morphogenetic potential in vitro. The impact of nuclear genes on the morphogenetic potential was recorded for the cv. ‘Yellow Wonder’. In cvs., ‘Regina’ and ‘Rugia’ the influence of both cytoplasmic and nuclear genes on the inheritance of morphogenetic abilities in vitro were observed, which depended on the specific interaction between the maternal plasmotype and the paternal nuclear genes.
Analysis of catalase mutants underscores the essential role of CATALASE2 for plant growth and day length‐dependent oxidative signalling
Authors: Yang Zheng , Mhamdi Amna , Noctor Graham 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThree genes encode catalase in Arabidopsis. Although the role of CAT2 in photorespiration is well established, the importance of the different catalases in other processes is less clear. Analysis of cat1, cat2, cat3, cat1 cat2, and cat2 cat3 T‐DNA mutants revealed that cat2 had the largest effect on activity in both roots and leaves. Root growth was inhibited in all cat2‐containing lines, but this inhibition was prevented by growing plants at high CO2, suggesting that it is mainly an indirect effect of stress at the leaf level. Analysis of double mutants suggested some overlap between CAT2 and CAT3 functions in leaves and CAT1 and CAT2 in seeds. When plants had been grown to a similar developmental stage in short days or long days, equal‐time exposure to oxidative stress caused by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of catalase produced a much stronger induction of H2O2 marker genes in short day plants. Together, our data (a) underline the importance of CAT2 in basal H2O2 processing in Arabidopsis; (b) suggest that CAT1 and CAT3 are mainly “backup” or stress‐specific enzymes; and (c) establish that day length‐dependent responses to catalase deficiency are independent of the duration of oxidative stress.
Ice segregation in the crown of winter cereals: Evidence for extraorgan and extratissue freezing
Authors: Willick Ian R. , Gusta Lawrence V. , Fowler D. Brian , Tanino Karen K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMeaningful improvements in winter cereal cold hardiness requires a complete model of freezing behaviour in the critical crown organ. Magnetic resonance microimaging diffusion‐weighted experiments provided evidence that cold acclimation decreased water content and mobility in the vascular transition zone (VTZ) and the intermediate zone in rye (Secale cereale L. Hazlet) compared with wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Norstar). Differential thermal analysis, ice nucleation, and localization studies identified three distinct exothermic events. A high‐temperature exotherm (−3°C to −5°C) corresponded with ice formation and high ice‐nucleating activity in the leaf sheath encapsulating the crown. A midtemperature exotherm (−6°C and −8°C) corresponded with cavity ice formation in the VTZ but an absence of ice in the shoot apical meristem (SAM). A low‐temperature exotherm corresponded with SAM injury and the killing temperature in wheat (−21°C) and rye (−27°C). The SAM had lower ice‐nucleating activity and freezing survival compared with the VTZ when frozen in vitro. The intermediate zone was hypothesized to act as a barrier to ice growth into the SAM. Higher cold hardiness of rye compared with wheat was associated with higher VTZ and intermediate zone desiccation resulting in the formation of ice barriers surrounding the SAM.
Team‐based parent training by child specialists helps maltreated children
Authors: Yokoyama Hiroyuki , Tomizawa Yayoi , Sato Yoshinori , Kobayashi Atsuko , Katsushima Yuriko , Katsushima Fumio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the effects of the parent training (PT) technique, in which child specialists (CS) such as preschool and school teachers promote secure attachment in children with aberrant social behavior following maltreatment, using a team approach.MethodsChild specialists confirmed the presence of child abuse, according to Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare criteria. CS such as homeroom, special education‐related, student guidance‐related, nursing teachers and co‐workers received a PT course conducted by the authors. A homeroom teacher provided classroom management to model good examples of social life for the target child. A nursing teacher and assistant offered individualized instruction to foster the formation of secure attachments by the target child.ResultBehavioral abnormalities in both school and home resolved in seven out of 12 cases. These subjects received the intervention for 2–4 years. In the other cases, behavioral abnormalities disappeared or decreased at school, but continued at home. Almost all children met the alternative criteria of attachment disorder proposed by Boris and Zeanah. One child met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM‐IV‐TR) criteria for reactive attachment disorder. This intervention is significantly more effective for children who have yet to begin elementary school than those in elementary school.ConclusionsThe PT technique as applied by CS using a team approach may be a useful intervention for fostering secure attachment in children with maltreatment who exhibit behavioral abnormalities. Early detection and intervention are necessary to successfully address the behavioral abnormalities of children with maltreatment.
Lymphadenitis by non‐tuberculous mycobacteria in children
Authors: Loizos Anastasios , Soteriades Elpidoforos S. , Pieridou Despo , Koliou Maria G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNon‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) constitute an important cause of cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. The aims of this study were to estimate the incidence of lymphadenitis due to NTM in children in Cyprus and to describe the characteristics, diagnostic approach, management and outcome of such infections.MethodsChildren aged 1–5 years old, evaluated at Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus, from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2016 for lymphadenopathy, were included in the study. All children had positive lymph node culture for NTM.ResultsA total of 22 cases of culture‐positive lymphadenitis caused by NTM were reviewed. Patient age ranged from 16 to 55 months. Tuberculin skin test produced an induration in 81.0% of cases (diameter, 4–17 mm). Mycobacterium avium was isolated in 17 cases (77.3%), M. intracellulare in three (13.6%), M. paraffinicum in one (4.5%) and M. kansasii in one case (4.5%). All 22 patients underwent surgical excision of affected nodes. Additional anti‐mycobacterial treatment was given when complete excision was not achieved or for post‐surgical recurrence. Complications were few and included scar in three children and one case of transient facial nerve palsy.ConclusionSurgical excision of NTM‐infected lymph nodes is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic approach. When total surgical excision is not feasible, a combination of partial excision with a clarithromycin‐including drug regimen appears safe, effective and causes milder and fewer complications than surgery alone.
Risk factors and epidemiology of pediatric ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection
Authors: Erps Amir , Roth Jonathan , Constantini Shlomi , Lerner‐Geva Liat , Grisaru‐Soen Galia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection.MethodsThe medical records of all patients aged 0–18 years who underwent shunt‐related surgery for the treatment of hydrocephalus at the present institution between January 1996 and December 2015 were reviewed. For each case, two randomly selected controls with no shunt infection, matched for year of surgery, were chosen. Demographic clinical and microbiological data were abstracted.ResultsA total of 1,570 shunt‐related procedures met the inclusion criteria, yielding 68 infections (in 63 patients). The control group consisted of 132 infection‐free patients. The average annual infection rate was 4.2% cases per year. The median time between shunt procedures to infection was 19 days (range, 1–2,181). On multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with increased risk for developing an infection included a history of two or more previous revisions (OR, 4.8; 95%CI: 1.5–15.9); and age <5 years (OR, 4.5; 95%CI 1.5–13.4). A neoplastic etiology for hydrocephalus was found to be a protective factor for shunt infection (P = 0.001).ConclusionsA history of shunt revision was the most significant risk factor in the development of subsequent shunt infection. Age >5 years was a protective factor. Future efforts should focus on modalities to optimize revision procedures and reduce the risk of subsequent infection.
LMX in team‐based contexts: TMX, authority differentiation, and skill differentiation as boundary conditions for leader reciprocation
Authors: Wang Linda C. , Hollenbeck John R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe purpose of the current study is to develop an integrated theoretical model based upon social exchange theory focused on the simultaneous interplay of leader–member exchange (LMX) and team–member exchange (TMX) in team‐based contexts. We propose a model that extends current theories related to social exchange by integrating currently independent propositions in the literatures on LMX and TMX, showing how these propositions are contingent on the nature of the team in which leaders and followers are embedded. In a sample of 439 employees on 61 teams, the results show that when it comes to predicting individual performance (a) high TMX quality eliminates the otherwise negative effects of low LMX quality, (b) low authority differentiation weakens the otherwise positive effects of LMX, and (c) high skill differentiation weakens the otherwise positive effects of high LMX quality on performance. We discuss how the role of LMX may be changing in contemporary team‐based work contexts relative to what was true in the historical literature when the construct was originally developed.