bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Structural Responses of Offshore Wind Turbines by Slamming Loads
Authors: Seo Byoungcheon , Shin Hyunkyoung , Kim Junbae , Shim Woorim , Ahn Hyeonjeong , Yu Youngjae , Dam Pham Thanh , Kumar Rupesh 
Published: December 2018

Offshore structures operating at sea are severely affected by slamming pressure. This slamming pressure significantly shortens the design life of offshore structures including offshore wind turbines and results in personal and material damage. This slamming load has to be fully considered in the design phase of the structure, and therefore good quality of experimental results should be supported.
In Korea, offshore wind turbines have excellent conditions geographically. In the West sea, the construction of the jacket-type wind turbine is advantageous because the water depth is low, and in the East sea, which is relatively deep, the floating wind turbine is possible; thus, it is easy to generate a large-scale wind farm. For offshore wind turbines, several technical aspects should be considered. Among them, the damage of the structure caused by the slamming load should be studied.
In the case of FOWTs operating in large waves, slamming can cause structural damage, and repeated slamming loads reduce the structural strength and shorten the design life. The slamming load should be calculated by applying the maximum peak, its width, duration and the dynamic load according to the natural period of the structure, and the importance of structural design.
The results of the experiments can be used to determine the structural design, and the slamming load can be estimated to provide the design techniques offshore wind turbines as the design variables.
In this study, we investigated experimentally the elastic effects of a cylindrical model on the slamming load characteristics by free drop test at height 1.0m and 1.7m.
Wind Propulsion Options for Energy Ships
Authors: Clodic Gaël , Babarit Aurélien , Gilloteaux Jean-Christophe 
Published: December 2018

A new concept has emerged for far offshore wind energy conversion. It is the wind energy ship (1). It consists of a ship propelled by wind sails towing a water turbine. The water turbine produces electricity. The electricity is converted into a fuel (hydrogen for example). When the tanks are full, the ship sails to a terminal where the fuel is unloaded. Then, it can start a new charging cycle.
An energy ship consists in several sub-systems: wind propulsion subsystem, hull, water turbine, energy storage. The focus of this paper is on the wind propulsion subsystem because of the many options available. Indeed, it has been proposed to implement rigid sails (2, 3), kite wings (4, 5), airfoils (1, 7) or Flettner rotors (6).
Applying systems engineering, key requirements for the wind propulsion have been identified for the energy ship application. They are presented in the paper. Next, the advantages and drawbacks of each technology are discussed and most promising options are highlighted.
Acute retinal toxicity associated with a mixture of perfluorooctane and perfluorohexyloctane: failure of another indirect cytotoxicity analysis
Authors: Coco Rosa M , Srivastava Girish K , Andrés-Iglesias Cristina , Medina Jesús , Rull Fernando , Fernandez-Vega-Gonzalez Alvaro , Fernandez-Bueno Ivan , Dueñas Antonio , Pastor Jose C 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo report new information related to acute retinal toxicity of Bio Octane Plus, a mixture of 90% perfluorooctane (PFO) and 10% perfluorohexyloctane.MethodsThis retrospective, descriptive case series reports the occurrence of acute retinal toxicity after vitreoretinal surgery in which Bio Octane Plus (batch number 1605148) was used as an endotamponade. Cytotoxicity biocompatibility tests and chemical analyses by Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the presumed toxic product were performed.ResultsFour patients presented with acute severe visual loss after uneventful ocular surgery assisted by Bio Octane Plus (batch number 1605148) as endotamponade. Patients experienced extensive retinal vascular occlusion leading to retinal and optic nerve atrophy. The viability of ARPE-19 cells directly exposed to the suspect batch for 30 min was 0%. The agarose overlay method used by the manufacturer according to European Union regulations and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standards failed to detect toxicity. FTIR spectroscopy showed small differences between the non-toxic and toxic batches. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of bromotributyl stannane (whose toxicity was demonstrated in the dose–response curve) only in the toxic batch of Bio Octane Plus.ConclusionThis is the third report of retinotoxicity due to PFO in 4 years. The clinical profiles may be missed as they resemble other postsurgical complications; therefore, more cases worldwide could have gone unreported. Protocols to determine cytotoxicity of intraocular medical devices and approved by the ISO International Standards based on indirect methods have failed and should be revised to ensure safety.
Much to do with nothing: microsimulation study on time management in primary care
Authors: Caverly Tanner J , Hayward Rodney A , Burke James F 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the credibility of claims that general practitioners lack time for shared decision making and preventive care.

Design
Monte Carlo microsimulation study.

Setting
Primary care, United States.

Participants
Sample of general practitioners (n=1000) representative of annual work hours and patient panel size (n=2000 patients) in the US, derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was the time needed to deliver shared decision making for highly recommended preventive interventions in relation to time available for preventive care—the prevention-time-space-deficit (ie, time-space needed by doctor exceeding the time-space available).

Results
On average, general practitioners have 29 minutes each workday to discuss preventive care services (just over two minutes for each clinic visit) with patients, but they need about 6.1 hours to complete shared decision making for preventive care. 100% of the study sample experienced a prevention-time-space-deficit (mean deficit 5.6 h/day) even given conservative (ie, absurdly wishful) time estimates for shared decision making. However, this time deficit could be easily overcome by reducing personal time and shifting gains to work tasks. For example, general practitioners could reduce the frequency of bathroom breaks to every other day and skip time with older children who don’t like them much anyway.

Conclusions
This study confirms a widely held suspicion that general practitioners waste valuable time on “personal care” activities. Primary care overlords, once informed about the extent of this vast reservoir of personal time, can start testing methods to “persuade” general practitioners to reallocate more personal time toward bulging clinical demands.
Liver repair and regeneration after ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with prolonged fibrosis
Authors: Konishi Takanori , Schuster Rebecca M. , Lentsch Alex B. 
Published: December 2018

Liver recovery after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by clearance of dead tissue and its replacement with functional liver parenchyma. Previous reports have observed fibrosis after liver I/R. To determine whether liver fibrosis after I/R was a pathologic consequence of the injury response, we assessed the development of liver fibrosis after I/R and its impact on subsequent insult. A murine model of partial I/R was used to induce liver injury and study the reparative response. During liver remodeling after I/R, expression of the profibrotic genes increased in the ischemic liver. Histologically, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)/myofibroblasts increased, and collagen deposition was enhanced along the injured site. Selective staining experiments showed that HSCs, not portal fibroblasts, were the major source of myofibroblasts. During liver repair after I/R, liver fibrosis was readily observed at the interface between necrotic tissue and regenerating liver in association with HSCs/myofibroblasts. The number of HSCs/myofibroblasts decreasing shortly after the full resolution of necrotic injury and restoration are normal liver architecture. However, liver fibrosis persisted for several more weeks before gradually resolving. Resolution of liver fibrosis was accompanied by upregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13. After resolution of fibrosis, the administration of CCl4 did not result in exacerbated liver injury, suggesting that I/R injury does not predispose the liver to future fibrotic insults. The data suggest that liver fibrosis is a component of tissue repair after I/R, is caused by myofibroblasts derived from HSC, and does not increase susceptibility of the liver to subsequent hepatic injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to assess pathology of liver fibrosis during the reparative process after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Here we show that profibrotic gene expression increased in the liver after I/R, and collagen accumulation produced by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)/myofibroblasts enhanced at the interface between necrotic tissue and regenerating liver. Liver fibrosis gradually resolved concomitant with decreasing activation of HSC and upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-13. After resolution of fibrosis, the liver was not more susceptible to subsequent hepatic injury.
Early effects of eccentric contractions on muscle glucose uptake
Authors: Andersen Ole Emil , Nielsen Ole Bækgaard , Overgaard Kristian 
Published: December 2018

Muscle-damaging eccentric exercise impairs muscle glucose uptake several hours to days after exercise. Little, however, is known about the acute effects of eccentric exercise on contraction- and insulin-induced glucose uptake. This study compares glucose uptake rates in the first hours following eccentric, concentric, and isometric contractions with and without insulin present. Isolated rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were exposed to either an eccentric, concentric, or isometric contraction protocol, and muscle contractions were induced by electric stimulation that was identical between contraction protocols. In eccentric and concentric modes, length changes of 0.6 or 1.2 mm were used during contractions. Both contraction- and insulin-induced glucose uptake were assessed immediately and 2 h after contractions. Glucose uptake increased significantly following all modes of contraction and was higher after eccentric contractions with a stretch of 1.2 mm compared with the remaining contraction groups when assessed immediately after contractions [eccentric (1.2 mm) > eccentric (0.6 mm), concentric (1.2 mm), concentric (0.6 mm), isometric > rest; P < 0.05]. After 2 h, contraction-induced glucose uptake was still higher than noncontracting levels, but with no difference between contraction modes. The presence of insulin increased glucose uptake markedly, but this response was blunted by, respectively, 39–51% and 29–36% ( P < 0.05) immediately and 2 h after eccentric contractions stretched 1.2 mm compared with concentric and isometric contractions. The contrasting early effects of eccentric contractions on contraction- and insulin-induced glucose uptake suggest that glucose uptake is impaired acutely following eccentric exercise because of reduced insulin responsiveness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that, in isolated rat muscle, muscle-damaging eccentric contractions result in a transient increase in contraction-induced glucose uptake compared with isometric and concentric contractions induced by identical muscle activation protocols. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that, in contrast, the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is impaired immediately following muscle-damaging eccentric contractions.
Evaluation of Electroencephalogram Using Exact Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography During Photic Driving Response in Patients with Migraine
Authors: Shiina Tomohiko , Takashima Ryotaro , Pascual-Marqui Roberto D. , Suzuki Keisuke , Watanabe Yuka , Hirata Koichi 
Published: December 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Photophobia is a common feature of migraine, which may involve abnormal cortical information processing. In electroencephalograms (EEG), photic driving is known as a reaction to visual stimulation. Both photophobia and photic driving response are present during light stimulation. We hypothesized that cortical response to photic stimulation would differ between migraine patients with and without aura. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We recruited 50 migraine patients (migraine with aura [MWA] = 21; migraine without aura [MWOA] = 29). Spontaneous eyes-closed resting EEG from 20 electrodes on the scalp during the interictal phase was recorded. After recording, each photic stimulation was separately selected. We analyzed EEG by fast Fourier transform and observed the spectrum frequency peaks and topographies in response to photic stimulation. Exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) was used to compute the 3-dimensional intracerebral distribution of EEG activity. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Photic stimulation at frequencies 5, 8, 15, and 20 Hz showed significant differences between migraine patients with and without aura. MWOA patients consistently had a stronger response to photic stimulation than MWA patients. In all patients, the differential response was located in the visual cortex, except for the stimulation at 20 Hz, where the difference at subharmonic 10 Hz was located in the parietal cortex (Brodmann Area 7). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We confirmed high incidences of photic hypersensitivity and photic driving responses in migraine patients. We suggest that repeated occurrences of cortical spreading depression in MWA may suppress cortical function, thus contributing to a weaker visual cortical response to photic stimulation in MWA patients compared with MWOA patients.
Delayed Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detected Anatomic Gap Length in Wide Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Ablation Lesions Is Associated With Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Linhart Markus , Alarcon Francisco , Borràs Roger , Benito Eva M. , Chipa Fredy , Cozzari Jennifer , Caixal Gala , Enomoto Norihiro , Carlosena Alicia , Guasch Eduard , Arbelo Elena , Tolosana Jose Maria , Prat-Gonzalez Susana , Perea Rosario J. , Doltra Adelina , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Berruezo Antonio , Mont Lluís 
Published: December 2018

Background:
There is limited knowledge about the impact of anatomic gaps as assessed by delayed gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance on atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after first pulmonary vein (PV) isolation.

Methods:
Consecutive patients underwent delayed gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance 3 months after radiofrequency circumferential PV isolation. Delayed gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance images were assessed from 360 PV resulting in 2880 segments in the 2×8-segment model from 94 patients (52±11 years, 62% paroxysmal AF). Left atria were segmented using dedicated software. Anatomic gap was defined as discontinuation of the ablation line by ≥3 mm. Relative gap length was calculated as absolute gap length divided by the total length of the ablation line. AF recurrence was assessed after a mean follow-up duration of 15±10 months

Results:

Mean number of anatomic gaps was 5.4 per patient. Recurrence within the first year of ablation was observed in 21 patients with paroxysmal AF (36%) and 19 patients with persistent AF (53%). In the univariate analysis, CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc score, AF type, and relative gap length were predictive of recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, only relative gap length was significantly associated with recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.16 [1.02–1.31] per each 10% of gap).

Conclusions:
The total relative gap length but not the number of anatomic gaps in the PV ablation line as assessed by delayed gadolinium enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance was associated with AF recurrence 1 year after first PV isolation. An increase of 10% relative gap length increased the likelihood of AF recurrence by 16%.
Prevalence and Clinical Factors of Migraine in Patients With Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Kok Susan N. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Cutrer F. Michael , Raphael Claire E. , Gulati Rajiv , Best Patricia J. M. , Tweet Marysia S. 
Published: December 2018

Background
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndrome predominantly in women without usual cardiovascular risk factors. Many have a history of migraine headaches, but this association is poorly understood. This study aimed to determine migraine prevalence among SCAD patients and assess differences in clinical factors based on migraine history.

Methods and Results

A cohort study was conducted using the Mayo Clinic SCAD “Virtual” Multi‐Center Registry composed of patients with SCAD as confirmed on coronary angiography. Participant‐provided data and records were reviewed for migraine history, risk factors, SCAD details, therapies, and outcomes. Among 585 patients (96% women), 236 had migraine history; the lifetime and 1‐year prevalence of migraine were 40% and 26%, respectively. Migraine was more common in SCAD women than comparable literature‐reported female populations (42% versus 24%,
P
<0.0001; 42% versus 33%,
P
<0.0001). Among all SCAD patients, those with migraine history were more likely to be female (99.6% versus 94%;
P
=0.0002); have SCAD at a younger age (45.2±9.0 years versus 47.6±9.9 years;
P
=0.0027); have depression (27% versus 17%;
P
=0.025); have recurrent post‐SCAD chest pain at 1 month (50% versus 39%;
P
=0.035); and, among those assessed, have aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, or dissections (28% versus 18%;
P
=0.018). There was no difference in recurrent SCAD at 5 years for those with versus without migraine (15% versus 19%;
P
=0.39).

Conclusions
Many SCAD patients have a history of migraine. SCAD patients with migraine are younger at the time of SCAD; have more aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, and dissections among those imaged; and more often report a history of depression and post‐SCAD chest pain.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01429727, NCT01427179.
Role of QRS Fragmentation for Risk Stratification in Adults With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Miranda William R. , Mehra Nandini , Ammash Naser M. , Missula Venkata R. , Madhavan Malini , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Farouk Abdelsamid Mohamed , Kothapalli Srikanth , Connolly Heidi M. 
Published: December 2018

Background

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot (
TOF
) remain at risk for cardiovascular events despite successful repair. Some of the current risk stratification tools require advanced imaging and invasive studies, and hence are difficult to apply to routine patient care. A recent study showed that
QRS
fragmentation (
QRS
‐f) is predictive of mortality in patients with TOF. The current study aims to validate this result by assessing whether severity of
QRS
‐f could predict all‐cause mortality in a different
TOF
population.

Methods and Results

The authors reviewed the Mayo Adult Congenital Heart Disease database for patients with TOF who had
ECG
from 1990–2017.
QRS
‐f was defined as notches in
QRS
complex in ≥2 contiguous leads on
ECG
, not related to bundle branch block, and classified as none, mild (≤3 leads), moderate (4 leads), or severe (≥5 leads). Of 465 patients (age 37±14 years) in the study,
QRS
‐f was present in 161 (35%): mild (n=43, 9%), moderate (n=77, 17%), and severe (n=41, 9%). There were 55 deaths (12%) during 13.6±8.2 years of follow‐up. Severity of
QRS
‐f remained an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality after adjustment for other
ECG
parameters, patient demographics, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmia (hazard ratio, 1.74 per class; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–2.93 [
P
=0.041]).

Conclusions

The presence of severe
QRS
‐f may be used as complementary data to the usual clinical indices to determine whether interventions such as invasive electrophysiology study should be performed in patients with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia or to proceed with pulmonary valve replacement in patients with severe pulmonary regurgitation with ventricular volumes below the guideline‐directed threshold for intervention.
The tadpole of Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Central Amazonia
Authors: MENIN MARCELO , LIMA ALBERTINA P. , RODRIGUES DOMINGOS J. 
Published: December 2018

The Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group is composed of 19 species of medium to large-sized frogs with distributions in tropical forest, cerrado, and caatinga habitats of Central and South America (Frost 2010). Nine of them are associated with Amazonian Biome (Frost 2010). The larvae of five species have been formally described for species occurring in this region: L. knudseni, L. lithonaetes, L. rhodomystax, L. rhodonotus, and L. rugosus (Heyer 1979, 1995; Heyer & Thompson 2000; Heyer & Heyer 2006; Rodrigues et al. 2007). The majority of the species in the L. pentadactylus group deposits foam nests in excavated basins close to water bodies and the tadpoles complete their development in the water (see Silva & Giaretta 2009). But other species (L. pentadactylus and L. stenodema) deposit foam nests in burrows or cavities in the forest floor isolated from forest pools or swamps and the tadpoles complete their development in the nests (Hero & Galatti 1990). The tadpole of L. pentadactylus has been mentioned briefly in two papers, but has not yet been formally described. Hero & Galatti (1990) presented a brief description of specimens from Manaus, Brazil; and Hero (1990) described a few external features (e.g. LTRF and body coloration) for an identification key of tadpoles of the Brazilian central Amazon. In this paper we describe the tadpole of L. pentadactylus based on individuals from several stages of development and also provide comments on the spawning sites.
What Can We Expect from Data Assimilation for Air Quality Forecast? Part I: Quantification with Academic Test Cases
Authors: Menut Laurent , Bessagnet Bertrand 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Data assimilation has been successfully used for meteorology for many years and is now used more and more for atmospheric composition issues (air quality analysis and forecast). The data assimilation of pollutants remains difficult and its deployment is currently in progress. It is thus difficult to have quantitative knowledge of what we can expect as the maximum benefit. In this study we propose a simple framework to make this quantification. In this first part, the gain of data assimilation is quantified using academic but realistic test cases over an urbanized polluted area and during a summertime period favorable to ozone formation. Different data assimilation configurations are tested, corresponding to different amounts of data available for assimilation. For ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), it is shown that the benefit resulting from data assimilation lasts from a few hours to a possible maximum of 60 and 21 h, respectively. Maps of the number of hours are presented, spatializing the benefit of data assimilation.