bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐delay and high‐functioning digital differentiators in the big data era
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Nakamoto Masayoshi , Aikawa Naoyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince the big data signal has large amount of data, low‐delay signal processing algorithm is required. Digital differentiators are a type of digital signal processing tool, and are useful to estimate the velocity from the position or obtain the image outline. In this article, we introduce finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) digital differentiators. The differentiators can achieve a low‐delay and high‐functioning processing such as low‐pass differentiation.
A Versatile Carbon Fiber Cloth‐supported Au Nanodendrite Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Cu(II), Pb(II) and Hg(II)
Authors: Dang Vu Hai , Yen Pham Thi Hai , Giao Nguyen Quynh , Phong Pham Hong , Ha Vu Thi Thu , Duy Pham Khac , Hoeil Chung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA carbon fiber cloth (CFC)‐supported Au nanodendrite (AuND@CFC) sensor was used to simultaneously measure the concentrations of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in real water samples. The sensor had a large electrochemically active surface area due to the hierarchical nanodendrite structure and the formation of the nanodendrite structure on the CFC was accomplished in just 5 minutes by single‐step electrodeposition. After the optimization of important experimental conditions, such as pH and pre‐concentration time, the achieved limit of detections (LODs) in the measurements of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) were 0.15, 0.07, and 0.13 ppb, respectively, which were superior and comparable to those reported in previous studies. The electrochemical responses of each analyte (concentration: 2.0 ppb) were not influenced when the concentrations of interferants (Cr(IV), Ni(II), Mn(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Ca(II) and Mg(II)) were even 500‐fold greater (1.0 ppm); while only the signal of Cu(II) decreased when the Ni(II) concentration were 4.0 ppm (2000‐fold larger). When eight separately prepared AuND@CFC sensors were used to measure the samples, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the peak intensities of these metals were lower than 5.0 %, thereby indicating the superior sensor‐to‐sensor reproducibility. When real river and lake water samples were analyzed, the determined concentrations were similar to those measured with ICP‐MS and the recoveries ranged from 93.2 %–118.7 %. Overall, the proposed sensor is versatile enough to be incorporated into a portable analytical system for on‐site detection of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in real field samples.
Comparative study on the effects of two diatoms as diets on planktonic calanoid and benthic harpacticoid copepods
Authors: Chen Zhigang , Wang Guizhong , Zeng Chaoshu , Wu Lisheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo diatoms, Chaetoceros muelleri and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, were used for rearing nauplii to adults of Tigriopus japonicus, Acartia pacifica, and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei at different concentrations. The survival rates to adults and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) of the adult copepods were measured. The results showed that when fed on N. closterium f. minutissima, A. pacifica was unable to complete naupliar development; while SOD and GST activities of P. annandalei fed N. closterium f. minutissima were significantly higher than those fed the control algae Isochrysis galbana (Prymnesiod), suggesting this diatom species is harmful to these calanoid copepods. The survival rates of T. japonicus were very high when fed N. closterium f. minutissima, indicating that T. japonicus has high acceptance to diatoms. To evaluate whether calanoid copepod had the capacity to acclimatize to diatoms, P. annandalei was cultured for four generations on the two diatoms at 1.7 μgC/ml and survival rates as well as SOD and GST activities were determined for each generation. It was shown that starting at the second generation, P. annandalei exhibited adaption to the diatoms with improved survival. When fed on N. closterium f. minutissima, both SOD and GST activities of P. annandalei showed a trend of decreasing with the progress of generation, whereas no significant difference was found among four generations on C. muelleri. This study demonstrates that whether a diatom species is considered harmful to copepods, which is largely species specific, and diatom concentration is an important influencing factor. Additionally, the capacity of copepod adaption to diatoms over time should not be neglected.
Evaluation of lozenges containing egg yolk antibody against Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains as an adjunct to conventional non‐surgical therapy in periodontitis patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Nguyen Sa V. , Nguyen Minh T.H. , Tran Binh C. , Ho Minh T.Q. , Umeda Kouji , Rahman Shofiqur 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a previous pilot study, one‐time application of anti‐Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) into scaling and root planing (SRP)‐treated periodontal pockets showed profound improvement of clinical and bacteriological parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of daily use of lozenges fortified with the antibody as an adjunct to non‐surgical therapy in patients with periodontitis.MethodsSixty‐four patients with periodontitis were divided randomly into a test and a placebo group. The groups were treated by SRP followed by a daily use of lozenges containing either specific IgY against P. gingivalis gingipains (test) or a sham‐immune IgY (placebo). Gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PD) and quantitation of P. gingivalis in the gingival pockets were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment and compared by using Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann‐Whitney U‐test or t test.ResultsBoth groups showed significant improvement of all parameters at 8 weeks post treatment (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in reduction of GBI (P < 0.001) and P. gingivalis cell counts (P < 0.05) in the test group compared with the placebo group. The reduction of PD was greater in the test group compared with the placebo group although there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionsThe adjunctive use of lozenges containing IgY antibody against gingipains from P. gingivalis resulted in clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment for chronic periodontitis. Additional investigations are needed to examine if the IgY brings benefits to case patients who do not receive SRP.
Gold nanoparticle‐induced sonosensitization enhances the antitumor activity of ultrasound in colon tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Beik Jaber , Shiran Mohammad Bagher , Abed Ziaeddin , Shiri Isaac , Ghadimi‐Daresajini Ali , Farkhondeh Forough , Ghaznavi Habib , Shakeri‐Zadeh Ali 
Published: July 2018

PurposeAs a noninvasive and nonionizing radiation, ultrasound can be focused remotely, transferring acoustic energy deep in the body, thereby addressing the penetration depth barrier of the light‐based therapies. In cancer therapy, the effectiveness of ultrasound can be enhanced by utilizing nanomaterials that exhibit sonosensitizing properties called as nanosonosensitizers. The gold nanoparticle (AuNP) has been recently presented as a potent nanosonosensitizer with the potential to simultaneously enhance both the thermal and mechanical interactions of ultrasound with the tissue of the human body. Accordingly, this paper attempts to evaluate the in vivo antitumor efficiency of ultrasound in combination with AuNP.MethodsBALB/c mice‐bearing CT26 colorectal tumor model was intraperitoneally injected with AuNPs and then subjected to ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz; 2 W/cm2; 10 min) for three sessions. Furthermore, [18F]FDG (2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose) positron‐emission tomography (PET) imaging was performed and the radiomic features from different feature categorizes were extracted to quantify the tumors’ phenotype.ResultsThe tumors were dramatically shrunk and the mice appeared healthy over 21 days of study span without the evidence of relapse. The animals treated with AuNP + ultrasound exhibited an obvious decline in tumor metabolic parameters such as standard uptake value (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) compared to other treatment groups.ConclusionThese findings support the use of AuNP as a potent sonosensitizing agent with the potential to use the thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound so as to cause damage to the focused tumor site, resulting in an improved antitumor efficacy.
Ensemble size: How suboptimal is less than infinity?
Authors: Leutbecher Martin 
Published: July 2018

Ensemble forecasts are the method of choice in numerical weather prediction (NWP) to generate probabilistic forecasts. The number of members in an ensemble is an important factor in determining how well a probability distribution of a weather‐related variable can be estimated. Having only a finite number of members reduces the average skill such a probabilistic forecast can have. Increasing ensemble size is therefore desirable; however, ensemble size is also proportional to the computational cost. Having a small ensemble size limits the cost and makes other improvements, such as increases in spatial resolution, feasible.This article examines how average skill measures with metrics such as the continuous ranked probability score, the quantile score, and the Dawid–Sebastiani score converge with ensemble size. A numerical experiment with a 200 member ensemble using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) model at a resolution of 29 km and a forecast range of 15 days provides data to compare the convergence of probabilistic skill in a current NWP system with theoretical expectations derived for perfectly reliable ensembles with exchangeable members.Results in the first part of the article can help users of operational NWP ensemble forecasts formulate their minimum requirement in terms of ensemble size. In the second part, requirements for scientists who test changes to NWP systems are examined. Using proper scores and fair scores, it is explored whether testing changes in the ensemble forecasts can be meaningful with fewer members than in the operational configuration. Results are based on medium‐range numerical experiments with 50 members. Two experiments test the activation of a representation of model uncertainty and three other experiments test changes in horizontal resolution from 29 to 18 km and from 29 to 45 km.
In Vitro Biomolecular Interaction Studies and Cytotoxic Activities of Newly Synthesised Copper(II) Complexes Bearing 2‐Hydroxynaphthaldehyde‐Based Thiosemicarbazone
Authors: Aneesrahman K. N. , Rohini Gandhaveeti , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Sundararaj Sankaramanivel , Musthafa Moideen , Sreekanth Anandaram 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo new thiosemicarbazone ligands of 2‐hydroxynaphthldehyde (L1 and L2) and their square planar Cu(II) complexes (C1 and C2) have been synthesised. The ligands and complexes were characterised by various spectroscopic technique (UV‐Visible spectra, FT IR (ATR), 1H & 13C NMR, ESI mass and EPR spectra). The molecular structure of ligands (L1 and L2) and complex (C2) were confirmed by single crystal X‐ray crystallography. C2 showed a slightly distorted square planar geometry. The in vitro DNA and protein (BSA) binding assay of these complexes were conducted using electronic absorption spectra and fluorescence spectra methods. In both cases, C2 showed stronger binding ability than C1. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the Cu(II) complexes towards lung cancer (A549) cell line and human kidney (HEK‐293 T) cancer cell lines were investigated, where complex C2 showed high cytotoxicity while maintaining low toxicity towards non‐cancer originated cell line i. e., HEK‐293 T. The mechanism of cell death by complex C1 and C2 has been inspected using Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide (AO/EB) staining, flow cytometry and ROS generation studies. This study offers a new perspective on the role and importance of the terminal [N(4)] substitution of thiosemicarbazone on the medicinal properties of copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes.
Regioselective Synthesis, Antibacterial, Molecular Docking and Fingerprint Applications of 1‐Benzhydrylpiperazine Derivatized 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Govindaiah Shivaraja , Sreenivasa Swamy , Ramakrishna Ramesha Andagar , Rao Tadimety Madhu Chakrapani , Nagabhushana Hanumanthappa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of ten 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles having 1‐benzhydrylpiperazine chemical scaffold were synthesized by one pot Cu (I) catalyzed click reaction and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method. Amongst all, 2‐chloro‐6‐fluorobenzyl substituted 1,2,3‐Triazole 7 e and 2,4‐dichlorobenzyl Triazole 7 f found to be more active compared to the Ciprofloxacin. To rationalize the binding interaction of compounds and the protein at active site, we performed Molecular docking study using a bacterial DNA Gyrase B protein. The docking energy of 2‐chloro‐6‐fluorobenzyl substituted Triazole 7 e and 2,4‐dichlorobenzyl Triazole 7 f was observed as −22.498 and −22.569 kcalmol−1 in comparison to reference drug Ciprofloxacin whose docking energy is −22.072 kcal mol−1. It also makes several hydrogen bonds with our conserved residue Ser55, Asp81 and Ile86. Furthermore, several hydrophobic contacts were also observed within the pocket. Finally, Latent fingerprint detection study indicated that the compound unsubstituted Triazole 7 a powder shows good adhesion and finger ridge details without back ground staining. The demonstrated method can be applied to detect fingerprints on all types of smooth surfaces and hence, it can be easily adopted for latent fingerprint detection. The in vitro and in silico activities conclusively revealed that our lead compounds may be used as a novel antibacterial agents.
Direct Double Arylation of Bridged Alkenes and Efficient Bis‐C–H Alkylation of Benzamides
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxia , Bai Jinshan , Zeng Fanyun , Xing Yufeng , Zhu Ranran , Huang Jianhui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA Pd/C catalysed facile and practical preparation of diaryl‐substituted norbornenes has been developed. Under mild conditions, a range of disubstituted norbornenes and norbornanes have been prepared in good to useful yields. These norbornene analogues have shown to be good additives for speeding up the reaction as well as for the efficient preparation of bis‐alkylated benzamides.
Interactions between Graphene‐Based Materials and Water Molecules toward Actuator and Electricity‐Generator Applications
Authors: Xu Tong , Han Qing , Cheng Zhihua , Zhang Jing , Qu Liangti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe surface and interface interactions between water molecules and graphene or chemically modified graphene (e.g., graphene oxide) will enable changes of the physical and/or chemical state of graphene‐based materials, thus leading to many fascinating and unconventional phenomena with potential applications in various areas. The rise of novel energy‐conversion devices based on the interactions between graphene‐based materials and water molecules have triggered rapidly increasing research interest in the last few years, especially in deformable actuators and power generators. Here, the recent progress in tailored graphene‐based systems for moisture‐triggered actuation and electric generation by penetrating or flowing water, waves, or rain, in both the theoretical and experimental fronts, is summarized. The promising applications and the current challenges of the interactions between graphene‐based materials and water molecules for actuation and electricity generation are also discussed.
Ion‐Transport Experiments to Probe the Nanostructure of Graphene/Polymer Membranes
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Cheng Chi , Simon George P. , Li Dan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGraphene/polymer layered nanocomposites are studied extensively for their unique two‐dimensional (2D) layered nanoporous structures and interesting permeation properties with regard to ionic species, and show great potential for applications in many fields. Structural characterization is essential to the establishment of structure–properties relationships, which however remains challenging due to the complex, nanoporous texture rising from graphene alignment in graphene/polymer membrane materials. Here, a method is proposed that utilizes ions as probes for gaining structural information of the layered nanoporous structure. The results show that the subtle structural variations caused by the small change of interfacial interactions between the polymer and graphene materials during solution processing can be clearly revealed. The ion‐transport experiments demonstrated in this work can be used as a set of tools for quick quality control and monitoring of production of graphene/polymer nanocomposites and nanoporous composites assembled with other 2D materials.
Microwave Irradiation in Micro‐ Meso‐Fluidic Systems; Hybrid Technology has Issued the Challenge
Authors: Tagliapietra Silvia , Calcio Gaudino Emanuela , Martina Katia , Barge Alessandro , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA combination of microwave irradiation and flow chemistry has been described as a promising smart and hyphenated technology that can fuse and synergize the benefits of the techniques. The cells and tissues of all living organisms promote a huge number of bioorganic reactions that occur as flow systems and not the batch‐type conditions typically used by chemists and biotechnologists. Microwave‐assisted chemical conversion carried out in continuous flow mode with micro‐ or meso‐channel reactors can offer significant processing advantages, including improved thermal exchange, energy efficiency, safety, mixing control, a wider range of reaction conditions, repeatability and scalability as well as dramatic reductions in side‐reactions and degradations. This review will discuss relevant examples of organic synthesis and nanoparticles production performed in continuous flow mode with integrated microwave irradiation in micro‐ or mesofluidic systems.
“Till at last there remain nothing”
Authors: Atkinson David , Peijnenburg Jeanne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInA Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume presents an argument according to which all knowledge reduces to probability, and all probability reduces to nothing. Many have criticized this argument, while others find nothing wrong with it. In this paper we explain that the argument is invalid as it stands, but for different reasons than have been hitherto acknowledged. Once the argument is repaired, it becomes clear that there is indeed something that reduces to nothing, but it is something other than what, according to many, Hume had in mind. Thus two views emerge of what exactly it is that reduces. We surmise that Hume failed to distinguish the two, because he lacked the formal means to differentiate between a rendering of his argument that is in accordance with the probability calculus, and one that is not.
The Measurement of Radial-Velocity Differences Between the Components of Close Visual Binary Systems
Authors: Batten A. H. , Fletcher J. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe value obtained for the difference in radial velocity between components of a visual binary that is unresolved on the spectrograph slit appears to depend, sometimes, on whether the measurement is made visually with a microscope or by means of an oscilloscopic setting device. This apparent dependence has been confirmed by measurement of artificially produced doublelined spectrograms, and disappears for line pairs separated by more than 1.5 or 2 times the half-widths of their components. The dependence arises from blending of the two line profiles. There is some evidence that the results obtained from visual measures are affected by the scale of the image being measured. For this reason, oscilloscope measures are probably to be preferred; although their errors are sometimes larger, they seem to be more consistent. Errors arising from this sort of blending are not sufficient to explain measures of relative radial velocity of the components of some visual binaries, that differ widely from the predictions made from the visual orbits.
Le Problème des Erreurs du Point de vue de L'Observateur et du Pu de vue du Calculateur D'Orbites
Authors: Arend S. 
Published: July 2018

ResuméEn principe, nous parlerons des mesures d'etoiles doubles exécutées au micromètre a fils par la méthode classique des doubles distances, mais il va de soi que la plupart des considerations relatives aux erreurs peuvent être étendues aux autres precédés.
Photovisual Magnitude Differences of Double Stars
Authors: Strand K. Aa. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDifferences in magnitudes between the components of 874 double stars have been derived from visual estimates on several series of multi-exposure photographic plates. The plates were obtained with long focus refractors primarily for the purpose of determining the relative positions of double stars according to the well-known Hertzsprung method.Except for binaries with magnitude differences less than half a magnitude, plates were taken with objective gratings limiting the effective magnitude differences between the components to half a magnitude.Similar to what has been done in variable star work, it was found possible to estimate the magnitude difference to the nearest tenth from this material by visual inspection, using a seven power eyepiece.The internal mean error of a single estimate of a magnitude is ±0m.064, while the external mean error of a single value in the catalogue based upon an average of three independent determinations is ±0m.054.Comparisons with other photometric series of this type have been made. In particular the photoelectric series by Eggen (1963,1966) and by Johnson (1953) show close agreements, with no systematic differences.The results will appear in Publ. U.S. Naval Obs., 2nd Series, 18, Pt. V.
Pollen limitation and its effect on seed germination
Authors: Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn nature, fruit and seed production in many plants have been shown to be pollen limited. Pollen limitation is demonstrated when open-pollinated plants that are hand-supplemented (Ps) with outcross pollen produce more fruits and/or seeds than open-pollinated controls that are not hand-pollinated (Po). There are three categories of results in such studies: Ps> Po, Ps= Poand Ps< Po, in which case pollen limitation indices are positive, zero and negative, respectively. In an index widely used to calculate pollen limitation, 1 – (Po/Ps), the bounds for Ps≥ Poare 0 to + 1, whereas the bounds for Ps< Poare 0 to –∞. The first aim of this review was to show how the pollen limitation index can be modified so that the bounds of Ps< Poare 0 and –1, whereupon the index gives equal weight to the best performer (Psor Po) and worst performer (Psor Po). In addition to seed quantity, pollen supplementation can affect seed quality, including germinability. Thus, our second aim was to summarize the results of studies that have also tested the effect of pollen limitation on seed germination. In short, the 30 case studies in 15 families, 16 genera and 18 species that we identified show that seed germination percentage increased, was not affected or decreased by pollen supplementation in 12, 11 and seven cases, respectively. The effect of pollen limitation on seed germination, which can be quite large, has not been considered in developing population growth models to determine the effect of pollen limitation on λ.