bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
μ-rhythm extracted with personalized EEG filters correlates with corticospinal excitability in real-time phase-triggered EEG-TMS
Authors: Schaworonkow Natalie , Caldana Gordon Pedro , Belardinelli Paolo , Ziemann Ulf , Ole Bergmann Til , Zrenner Christoph 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOngoing brain activity has been implicated in the modulation of cortical excitability. The combination of electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a real-time triggered setup is a novel method for testing hypotheses about the relationship between spontaneous neuronal oscillations, cortical excitability, and synaptic plasticity. For this method, a reliable real-time extraction of the neuronal signal of interest from scalp EEG with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is of crucial importance. Here we compare individually tailored spatial filters as computed by spatial-spectral decomposition (SSD), which maximizes SNR in a frequency band of interest, against established local C3-centered Laplacian filters for the extraction of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm. Single-pulse TMS over the left primary motor cortex was synchronized with the surface positive or negative peak of the respective extracted signal, and motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded with electromyography (EMG) of a contralateral hand muscle. Both extraction methods led to a comparable degree of MEP amplitude modulation by phase of the sensorimotor μ-rhythm at the time of stimulation. This could be relevant for targeting other brain regions with no working benchmark such as the local C3-centered Laplacian filter, as sufficient SNR is an important prerequisite for reliable real-time single-trial detection of EEG features.
SorCS2 controls functional expression of amino acid transporter EAAT3 to protect neurons from oxidative stress and epilepsy-induced pathology
Authors: Malik Anna R. , Szydlowska Kinga , Nizinska Karolina , Asaro Antonino , van Vliet Erwin A. , Popp Oliver , Dittmar Gunnar , Nykjaer Anders , Lukasiuk Katarzyna , Aronica Eleonora , Willnow Thomas E. 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYThe family of VPS10P domain receptors emerges as central regulator of intracellular protein sorting in neurons with relevance for various brain pathologies. Here, we identified a unique role for the family member SorCS2 in protection of neurons from oxidative stress and from epilepsy-induced cell death. We show that SorCS2 acts as sorting receptor that targets the neuronal amino acid transporter EAAT3 to the plasma membrane to facilitate import of cysteine, required for synthesis of the reactive oxygen species scavenger glutathione. Absence of SorCS2 activity causes aberrant transport of EAAT3 to lysosome for catabolism and impairs cysteine uptake. As a consequence, SorCS2-deficient mice exhibit oxidative brain damage that coincides with enhanced neuronal cell death and increased mortality during epilepsy. Our findings highlight a protective role for SorCS2 in neuronal stress response and provide an explanation for upregulation of the receptor seen in surviving neurons of the human epileptic brain.
Macaque anterior cingulate cortex deactivation impairs performance and alters lateral prefrontal oscillatory activities in a rule-switching task
Authors: Ma Liya , Chan Jason L. , Johnston Kevin , Lomber Stephen G. , Everling Stefan 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYIn primates, both the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are key regions of the frontoparietal cognitive control network. To study the role of the dACC and its communication with the dlPFC in cognitive control, we recorded the local field potentials from the dlPFC before and during the reversible deactivation of the dACC, in macaque monkeys engaging in uncued switches between two stimulus-response rules. Cryogenic dACC deactivation impaired response accuracy during rule-maintenance, but not rule-switching, which coincided with a reduction in the correct-error difference in dlPFC beta activities specifically during maintenance of the more challenging rule. During both rule switching and maintenance, dACC deactivation prolonged the animals’ reaction time and reduced task-related theta/alpha activities in the dlPFC; it also weakened dlPFC theta-gamma phase-amplitude modulation. Thus, the dACC and its interaction with the dlPFC plays a critical role in the maintenance of a new, challenging rule.
Fine-tuned adaptation of embryo-endometrium pairs at implantation revealed by gene regulatory networks Tailored conceptus-maternal communication at implantation
Authors: Biase Fernando H. , Hue Isabelle , Dickinson Sarah E. , Jaffrezic Florence , Laloe Denis , Lewin Harris , Sandra Olivier 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTInteractions between embryo and endometrium at implantation are critical for the progression and the issue of pregnancy. These reciprocal actions involve exchange of paracrine signals that govern implantation and placentation. However, it remains unknown how these interactions between the conceptus and the endometrium are coordinated at the level of an individual pregnancy. Under the hypothesis that gene expression of endometrium is dependent on gene expression of extraembryonic tissues, we performed an integrative analysis of transcriptome profiles of paired conceptuses and endometria obtained from pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination. We quantified strong dependence (|r|>0.95, eFDR<0.01) in transcript abundance of genes expressed in the extraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in the endometrium. The profiles of connectivity revealed distinct co-expression patterns of extraembryonic tissues with caruncular and intercaruncular areas of the endometrium. Notably, a subset of highly co-expressed genes between conceptus (n=229) and caruncular areas of the endometrium (n=218, r>0.9999, eFDR<0.001) revealed a blueprint of gene expression specific to each pregnancy. Functional analyses of genes co-expressed between conceptus and endometrium revealed significantly enriched functional modules with critical contribution for implantation and placentation, including “in utero embryonic development”, “placenta development” and “regulation of transcription”. Functional modules were remarkably specific to caruncular or intercaruncular areas of the endometrium. The quantitative and functional association between genes expressed in conceptus and endometrium emphasize a coordinated communication between these two entities in mammals. To our knowledge, we provide first evidence that implantation in mammalian pregnancy relies on the ability of the conceptus and the endometrium to develop a fine-tuned adaptive response characteristic of each pregnancy.
Genotypic context modulates fitness landscapes: Effects on the speed and direction of evolution for antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Ogbunugafor C. Brandon , Guerrero Rafael F. , Eppstein Margaret J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the forces that drive the dynamics of adaptive evolution is a goal of many subfields within evolutionary biology. The fitness landscape analogy has served as a useful abstraction for addressing these topics across many systems, and recent treatments have revealed how different environments can frame the particulars of adaptive evolution by changing the topography of fitness landscapes. In this study, we examine how the larger, ambient genotypic context in which the fitness landscape being modeled is embedded affects fitness landscape topography and subsequent evolution. Using simulations on empirical fitness landscapes, we discover that genotypic context, defined by genetic variability in regions outside of the locus under study (in this case, an essential bacterial enzyme target of antibiotics), influences the speed and direction of evolution in several surprising ways. These findings have implications for how we study the evolution of drug resistance in nature, and for presumptions about how biological evolution might be expected to occur in genetically-modified organisms. More generally, the findings speak to theory surrounding how “difference can beget difference” in adaptive evolution: that small genetic differences between organisms can greatly alter the specifics of how evolution occurs, which can rapidly drive even slightly diverged populations further apart.Author summaryTechnological advances enable scientists to engineer individual mutations at specific sites within an organism’s genome with increasing ease. These breakthroughs have provided scientists with tools to study how different engineered mutations affect the function of a given gene or protein, yielding useful insight into genotype-phenotype mapping and evolution. In this study, we use engineered strains of bacteria to show how the dynamics (speed and direction) of evolution of drug resistance in an enzyme depends on the species-type of that bacterial enzyme, and on the presence/absence of mutations in other genes in the bacterial genome. These findings have broad implications for public health, genetic engineering, and theories of speciation. In the context of public health and biomedicine, our results suggest that future efforts in managing antimicrobial resistance must consider genetic makeup of different pathogen populations before predicting how resistance will occur, rather than assuming that the same resistance pathways will appear in different pathogen populations. With regard to broader theory in evolutionary biology, our results show how even small genetic differences between organisms can alter how future evolution occurs, potentially causing closely-related populations to quickly diverge.
Gata4 drives Hh-signaling for second heart field migration and outflow tract development
Authors: Liu Jielin , Cheng Henghui , Xiang Menglan , Zhou Lun , Zhang Ke , Moskowitz Ivan P. , Xie Linglin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDominant mutations of Gata4, an essential cardiogenic transcription factor (TF), cause outflow tract (OFT) defects in both human and mouse. We investigated the molecular mechanism underlying this requirement. Gata4 happloinsufficiency in mice caused OFT defects including double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and conal ventricular septum defects (VSDs). We found that Gata4 is required within Hedgehog (Hh)-receiving second heart field (SHF) progenitors for normal OFT alignment. Increased Pten-mediated cell-cycle transition, rescued atrial septal defects but not OFT defects in Gata4 heterozygotes. SHF Hh-receiving cells failed to migrate properly into the proximal OFT cushion in Gata4 heterozygote embryos. We find that Hh signaling and Gata4 genetically interact for OFT development. Gata4 and Smo double heterozygotes displayed more severe OFT abnormalities including persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) whereas restoration of Hedgehog signaling rescued OFT defects in Gata4-mutant mice. In addition, enhanced expression of the Gata6 was observed in the SHF of the Gata4 heterozygotes. These results suggested a SHF regulatory network comprising of Gata4, Gata6 and Hh-signaling for OFT development. This study indicates thatGata4potentiation of Hh signaling is a general feature ofGata4-mediated cardiac morphogenesis and provides a model for the molecular basis of CHD caused by dominant transcription factor mutations.Author SummaryGata4 is an important protein that controls the development of the heart. Human who possess a single copy of Gata4 mutation display congenital heart defects (CHD), including the double outlet right ventricle (DORV). DORV is an alignment problem in which both the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery originate from the right ventricle, instead of originating from the left and the right ventricles, respectively. To study how Gata4 mutation causes DORV, we used a Gata4 mutant mouse model, which displays DORV. We showed that Gata4 is required in the cardiac precursor cells for the normal alignment of the great arteries. Although Gata4 mutation inhibits the rapid increase in number of the cardiac precursor cells, rescuing this defects does not recover the normal alignment of the great arteries. In addition, there is a movement problem of the cardiac precursor cells when migrating toward the great arteries during development. We further showed that a specific molecular signaling, Hh-signaling, is responsible to the Gata4 action in the cardiac precursor cells. Importantly, over-activating the Hh-signaling rescues the DORV in the Gata4 mutant embryos. This study provides an explanation for the ontogeny of CHD.
Differential leadership and organizational corruption in China
Authors: Tang Yanzhao , Zhan Xuemei , Chen Ken 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the effect of differential leadership on organizational corruption by developing a measure of organizational corruption and proposing a moderated mediation model. The model focuses on the mediating role of moral disengagement underpinning the relationship between differential leadership and organizational corruption, and the moderating role of organizational justice in influencing the mediation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors collected 210 responses from online participants with full time work experience and 57 MBA students answered the survey offline.

Findings
Results showed that differential leadership was positively associated with organizational corruption. Furthermore, moral disengagement fully mediated the relationship between differential leadership and organizational corruption. Besides, distributive justice negatively but procedural justice positively moderated the indirect effect of moral disengagement.

Research limitations/implications
Testing the moderated mediation model helps to advance the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the effect of differential leadership on organizational corrupt behavior.

Originality/value
This empirical study provides preliminary evidence of the mediating role of moral disengagement in the positive relationship between differential leadership and organizational corruption. The mediated moderation also extends the finding by adding organizational justice as the moderator to explain how the effect of differential leadership on organizational corruption. Finally, this study provides initial evidence for organizational corruption measure.
Taj hotels, palaces and resorts: the road ahead
Authors: Sharma Anuj , Kochher Parul 
Published: September 2018

Subject Area
General Management, International Strategic Management, International Marketing and Brand Management.

Study level/applicability
MBA (General Management), MBA (Marketing), Management and executive development programme.

Case overview
The Indian Hotels Corporation limited known as the Taj Group was set up by JRD Tata in 1903. The company has undertaken a long journey since then. It is one of the most recognized hotel brands in luxury market segment of the hotel industry. Off late some micro- and macro-level changes in the business environment have not been in favor of the group. The strategy of international expansion in acquiring and refurbishing of assets has mounted the debt and the growing losses. What has compounded the growing troubles is the entry of aggressive multinational brands in the luxury segment of the hospitality industry. The group prioritizes to get its financials in order. It thereafter needs to rework on its competitive strategy and take advantage of the booming domestic hotel industry for profitable future growth.

Expected learning outcomes
Expected learning outcomes are as follows: to understand the impact of expansions on the top line and the bottom line on the hospitality industry; to understand the impact of expansion on brand image for the legacy brand; to understand and develop strategies for a company which make it profitable in the hotel industry; and to formulate entry and exit strategies for companies dealing in the hospitality industry.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS: 11: Strategy.
UNASCO: exploring the market for sustainable business
Authors: Abdulla Al Marzooqi Fawzeia , Zamberi Ahmad Syed 
Published: September 2018

Subject area
Growth strategies, marketing strategy, resources-based value theory, alliance network model, logistic and supply chain.

Study level/applicability
This case can be used in undergraduate and graduate classes as well as development programmes for managers in small to medium-size enterprises. The case suits courses in business, strategy, marketing and freight forwarding.

Case overview
Union National Air, Land and Sea Shipping Co (LLC) (UNASCO) is a small to medium-sized freight forwarding company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It has three offices, two in Dubai and one in Abu Dhabi. UNASCO handles commercial imports/exports from/to many destinations, including Europe, Asia, the USA, India, the Far East, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Middle East (ME) and Africa. UNASCO has been in business for more than 35 years and has run the business smoothly. Recently, the company has faced several internal and external challenges that impact business performance. These challenges are high operating expenses, stiff competition and low market demand. Due to these challenges, the sales staff is being pressured to generate more income to ensure that the company is not experiencing a loss. Now, UNASCO is uncertain how to sustain the business.

Expected learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: to learn about the freight forwarding industry, the competitive landscape and the challenges surrounding it; to enable the participant to generate a list of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) for UNASCO and to gain skill at using SWOT analysis; to increase the participant’s ability to evaluate a situation and effectively communicate remedies about it both in writing and verbally; to enable the participant to analyse a problem using the Fishbone Diagram cause and effect tool; to enable the participant to use the Six Thinking Hats technique to make more reliable and sounder decisions; to gain skill at using Porters Five Forces tool, understand the competitiveness of UNASCO’s business environment, and identify the potential for business growth; and to gain skills at developing a marketing strategy using the 4Ps model.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Analysing the features of negative sentiment tweets
Authors: Zhang Ling , Dong Wei , Mu Xiangming 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to address the challenge of analysing the features of negative sentiment tweets. The method adopted in this paper elucidates the classification of social network documents and paves the way for sentiment analysis of tweets in further research.

Design/methodology/approach
This study classifies negative tweets and analyses their features.

Findings
Through negative tweet content analysis, tweets are divided into ten topics. Many related words and negative words were found. Some indicators of negative word use could reflect the degree to which users release negative emotions: part of speech, the density and frequency of negative words and negative word distribution. Furthermore, the distribution of negative words obeys Zipf’s law.

Research limitations/implications
This study manually analysed only a small sample of negative tweets.

Practical implications
The research explored how many categories of negative sentiment tweets there are on Twitter. Related words are helpful to construct an ontology of tweets, which helps people with information retrieval in a fixed research area. The analysis of extracted negative words determined the features of negative tweets, which is useful to detect the polarity of tweets by machine learning method.

Originality/value
The research provides an initial exploration of a negative document classification method and classifies the negative tweets into ten topics. By analysing the features of negative tweets, related words, negative words, the density of negative words, etc. are presented. This work is the first step to extend Plutchik’s emotion wheel theory into social media data analysis by constructing filed specific thesauri, referred to as local sentimental thesauri.
The impact of law, religion, and culture on the ease of starting a business
Authors: Haggard Dana L. , Haggard K. Stephen 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of culture, legal origin and religion on four measures of the ease of starting a new business; the number of procedures required, the number days required, the ease of getting credit and the cost to start a business.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use linear regression to test the hypotheses using publicly available data on legal origin and religion from La Porta et al. (1999), cultural dimension information from Hofstede (2009) and measures of the ease of starting a business from the World Bank’s (2017) Doing Business Initiative. The final sample consists of 71 countries for which information was available on all the variables of interest.

Findings
Legal origin affects the number of procedures and the length of time needed to start a business, as well as the ease of getting credit. Culture (power distance) and religion are important for explaining gender differences in the ease of starting a business. The cost of starting a business is unrelated to culture, legal origin or religion.

Originality/value
Economic development is an important determinant of a country’s political stability and standard of living. Although politicians play a significant role in how a friendly a country is toward business, the study demonstrates that other longer-term and less dynamic factors have a material influence on economic development.
Transformational leadership and positive work outcomes
Authors: Nandedkar Ankur , Brown Roger S. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeA significant amount of research has examined the relationship between transformational leadership and positive follower outcomes such as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and task performance. Building on the social exchange theory and referent cognitions theory, this paper explores the propositions that transformational leadership, OCB and task performance relationship are mediated by leader member exchange (LMX) and distributive justice. The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying mechanism that has a potential to influence the transformational leadership and follower outcomes relationship. The authors also discuss the implications for management theory and practice.Design/methodology/approachThe primary goal of the research is theory building, so the paper is using a conceptual research design.FindingsThe authors find the assumption that the supervisors evaluate the performance of their employees and the performance evaluation has a strong influence on the allocation of rewards to be reasonable. Despite being reasonable, in some circumstances, the rewards allocation maybe dictated by upper management or the HR department; thus, the authors will need to gather a few more details in the survey to address this limitation.Originality/valueThis study presents a research model which emphasizes on the role of LMX and distributive justice in the linkage of transformational leadership and positive work outcomes. More specifically, the authors argue that follower outcomes such as OCB and task performance are a result of not only the high-quality LMX between transformational leaders and followers but also the distributive justice perceptions of followers.