bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Fiduciary Duties and Relationship Fiduciarity
Authors: Rotman Leonard I. 
Published: February 2018

How well do we truly understand the legal concepts we regularly use and discuss? Truly understanding a legal concept necessitates understanding why it exists, what it was constructed to accomplish, and the purpose or purposes it was intended to facilitate. A lack of attentiveness to that raison d’être results in the loss of connection between the concepts and their underlying rationales. The divorce between legal concepts and their philosophical foundations renders the former susceptible to manipulation and misuse as they lose their connection to their philosophical and doctrinal foundations and subsequently become more and more unintelligible.
As it presently sits, fiduciary jurisprudence is one of the most confused and least understood areas of contemporary law. This is not a new development, but one of long standing. Jurisprudence and legal commentary indicate that both lawyers and judges misuse fiduciary principles for reasons inconsistent with fiduciary law’s conceptual foundation.
The primary purpose of this article is to enhance the understanding of fiduciary duties and relationship fiduciarity by promoting a more robust understanding of the fiduciary concept centred upon its foundational raison d’être. In the process of establishing a stronger philosophical and doctrinal base for the fiduciary concept, the article will also contemplate the contributions provided by of one of the more recent additions to fiduciary law scholarship, authored by Remus Valsan and published in a recent issue of this same law journal.
Optimizing Room‐Temperature Thermoelectric and Magnetocaloric Performance via Constructing Multi‐Scale Interfacial Phases in LaFeSi/BiSbTe Thermo‐Electro‐Magnetic Refrigeration Materials
Authors: Liu Chengshan , Liang Dong , Chen Tiantian , Ye Xianfeng , He Danqi , Zhu Wanting , Nie Xiaolei , Wei Ping , Zhao Wenyu , Zhang Qingjie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFabricating a thermo‐electro‐magnetic material that exhibits simultaneously excellent magnetocaloric (MC) and thermoelectric (TE) performance is challenging since the interfacial reaction causes severe deterioration of MC and TE performance. In this work, a construction of multi‐scale interfaces in LaFe10.4Co0.8Si1.8/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 (LFS/BST) composites is realized by adopting a low‐temperature high‐pressure sintering strategy. It is revealed in the atomic‐scale that the interfacial reaction between LFS and BST leads to the formation of (Fe,Co)(Sb,Te)2 micro‐grains and LaTe2 nano‐grains, and the latter form low‐mismatch phase boundaries with LFS matrix. Benefiting from the multi‐scale interfacial phases, excellent MC performance of LFS is preserved alongside a minor impact on TE properties, e.g., a peak zT of 1.04 and a small decrease of 3.0% in relative cooling power are achieved in the 2%LFS/BST composite. Compared with other thermo‐electro‐magnetic materials, a good trade‐off between MC and TE performance is realized in LFS/BST composites with simultaneously high MC and TE performance. The 20%LFS/BST composite exhibits a room‐temperature zT of 0.46 with large maximum magnetic entropy change and relative cooling power of 0.81 J kg−1 K−1 and 44.83 J kg−1, respectively. This work provides an effective material design for developing the all‐solid‐state MC/TE hybrid refrigeration technique.
A Novel Photo‐Activated Dopant for n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Liang Minghao , Zhang Guanxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient and air‐stable molecular dopants are critical for optimizing the performance of thermoelectric devices. Despite significant advancements in developing p‐dopants for organic semiconductors, the quest for efficient and air‐stable n‐dopants remains challenging. Here, viologen‐tetraarylborate (VT) is introduced as a promising n‐dopant for thermoelectric applications, demonstrating its remarkable photo‐activation efficiency. After just 1 min of light exposure, a maximum power factor of 8.6 µW m−1 K−2, with a conductivity of 0.86 S cm−1 and a Seebeck coefficient of −346 µV K−1, is achieved for the VT doped PNDI2TEG‐2Tz film. Furthermore, VT exhibits excellent air stability, simplifying the device preparation process by allowing films to be prepared in ambient conditions. Additionally, the unique doping mechanism imparts good air stability to the stock solution of VT and the conjugated polymer, ensuring that the storage time of the stock solution does not affect thermoelectric performance. This innovative approach not only highlights the potential of VT as an efficient n‐dopant but also paves the way for developing novel air‐stable dopants and advancing doping methodologies in thermoelectric material research.
Muscle‐Inspired Robust Anisotropic Cellulose Conductive Hydrogel for Multidirectional Strain Sensors and Implantable Bioelectronics
Authors: Lin Fengcai , Yang Wenshuai , Lu Beili , Xu Yanlian , Chen Jipeng , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Liu Shiyu , Lin Chensheng , Zeng Hongbo , Huang Biao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntegrating superior mechanical performance, anisotropic conductivity, and biocompatibility into conductive hydrogels as all‐in‐one human‐machine interaction device remains challenging. Herein, by mimicking the anisotropic structures of human muscles, a robust anisotropic conductive hydrogel is developed by initially aligning polyvinyl alcohol with polypyrrole decorated cellulose nanofibrils to form an anisotropically oriented polymer networks, followed by post‐crosslinking with tannic acid (TA). Introducing TA into hydrogel network permanently secures its hierarchically anisotropic structure through multiple hydrogen bonds, thus endowing the hydrogel with exceptional mechanical properties (tensile strength of 11.41 MPa, toughness of 12.44 MJ m−3), anisotropic adhesive property, and direction‐dependent conductivity. With these attributes, a hydrogel strain sensor with excellent multidirectional sensitivity is developed, enabling stable monitoring of multi‐degrees of freedom joint movements in the human body and facilitating the control of a multiaxial virtual robot manipulator. Moreover, the in vitro/vivo tests demonstrate exceptional biocompatibility and anti‐biofouling properties of the as‐prepared hydrogel sensor, maintaining stable electronic response signals for over 14 days after successful implantation into the Achilles tendon of mice. Overall, this study presents a promising approach for designing conductive hydrogels with superior mechanical properties and anisotropic functionality for emerging applications in both in vitro and in vivo human‐machine interface materials.
Visualization Detection of Ultralow Temperature Based on Flexible Cross–linked Polymer Systems
Authors: Guo Fengling , Chen Yuanjin , Li Chen , Wang Xiaojuan , Li Qiankun , He Meiyi , Hou Hui , Yang Chaolong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUltralow temperature storage has sparked considerable attention with the development of the economy, showing promising applications ranging from biomedical to national defense and other fields. However, the development of ultralow temperature detection is constrained by the brittleness of current materials at low temperatures and the complexity of detection techniques. Consequently, the challenge exists in finding efficient solutions to material tolerance issues and achieving rapid detection of ultralow temperature. Herein, a novel flexible cross–linked polymer TPTA@PU film with long afterglow, high phosphorescence quantum efficiency, and excellent mechanical properties are successfully fabricated. Interestingly, the obtained TPTA@PU films demonstrate a notable thermoresponsive behavior, with the afterglow color shifting rapidly from blue to green within the temperature ranges from 80 to 280 K. Additionally, there is a positive linear correlation between the RGB values of the afterglow color and the corresponding temperature. Based on these prominent features, an ultralow temperature sensor is realized by utilizing TPTA@PU films as thermoresponsive elements. This work can be expected to provide more inspiration and possibilities for using RTP materials in a more cutting‐edge field.
Hierarchically Structured Conductive Lanthanide Metal Organic Framework Nanorods for Ultrastable Flexible Magnesium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Park Hye Rin , Jang Gun , Byun Jin Suk , Park Yeonju , Kim Won Il , Lee Sang Joon , Chung Yongchul G. , Jung Young Mee , Park Ho Seok 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous multivalent metal ion capacitors are very attractive owing to their high capacitance, low cost, environmental benignity, and safety. Herein, hierarchically structured, conductive lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) assembled by nanorods for ultrastable flexible magnesium ion capacitors (MICs) is designed. Three MOFs, consisting of lanthanide metals (La, Ho, and Yb) and 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP), are structurally stabilized through the covalent bonds and electronically conductive due to π‐d conjugation. Among 3 MOFs, Ho‐HHTP electrodes in a full‐cell system achieved long‐term cyclic stability with a high capacitance retention of 65.0% after 12 000 cycles and a high Coulombic efficiency of 96.9%. Furthermore, flexible pouch cells are fabricated using Ho‐HHTP as anode, reduced graphene oxide as cathode, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/Mg(ClO4)2 as gel electrolyte, demonstrating a low capacitance decay rate of 0.00444% per cycle during 10 000 cycles owing to the hierarchical structure and intrinsic electronic conductivity. As indicated by density functional theory and spectroscopic characterizations, Mg2+ ions are faradaically stored in the catechol part of the ligand, and Mg2+ inserted into the vacant Ho sites contributes to structural stability. Furthermore, operando 2D correlation Raman spectroscopy identified how Mg2+ ions interact with the ligand of Ho‐HHTP and demonstrated the sequential change of peak change.
Improving Buried Interface Contact for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells via Dual Modification Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liu Yinjiang , Zhao Zihan , Kong Tengfei , Chen Weiting , Liu Wenli , Gao Peng , Bi Dongqin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe non‐wetting issue of the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) layer can complicate subsequent perovskite deposition and impact device efficiency. This study addresses this challenge using a dual approach involving co‐self‐assembly and a buffer layer to enhance the wettability and interfacial contact of the buried perovskite film. A weakly acidic boronic acid derivative, 4‐N, N‐dimethylbenzeneboronic acid hydrochloride (4NPBA), is used to co‐self‐assemble with the regular SAM molecule on ITO and the subsequent FAI buffer layer further increased perovskite film coverage to 89%. This dual buried interface strategy—SAM‐4NPBA/FAI—results in a flat and dense perovskite interface. The optimized device demonstrates a high fill factor of 88.35%, a power conversion efficiency of 25.29%, and retains over 99% of its initial efficiency after 500 h of maximum power point testing.
Absence of Additional Stretching‐Induced Electron Scattering in Highly Conductive Cross‐linked Nanocomposites with Negligible Tunneling Barrier Height and Width
Authors: Muhammed Ajmal C. , Jeong Juyeong , Cheon Seongsu , Majee M. K. , Yang Heejun , Baik Seunghyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe intrinsic resistance of stretchable materials is dependent on strain, following Ohm's law. Here the invariable resistance of highly conductive cross‐linked nanocomposites over 53% strain is reported, where additional electron scattering is absent with stretching. The in situ generated uniformly dispersed small silver nanosatellite particles (diameter = 3.6 nm) realize a short tunneling barrier width of 4.1 nm in cross‐linked silicone rubber matrix. Furthermore, the barrier height can be precisely controlled by the gap state energy level modulation in silicone rubber using cross‐linkers. The negligible barrier height (0.01 eV) and short barrier width, achieved by the silver nanosatellite particles in cross‐linked silicone rubber, dramatically increase the electrical conductivity (51 710 S cm−1) by more than 4 orders of magnitude. The high conductance is also maintained over 53% strain. The quantum tunneling behavior is observed when the barrier height is increased, following the Simmons approximation theory. The transport becomes diffusive, following Ohm's law, when the barrier width is increased beyond 10.3 nm. This study provides a novel strain‐invariant resistance mechanism in highly conductive cross‐linked nanocomposites.
Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting MDH2 Lactylation via Regulating Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: She Han , Hu Yi , Zhao Guozhi , Du Yunxia , Wu Yinyu , Chen Wei , Li Yong , Wang Yi , Tan Lei , Zhou Yuanqun , Zheng Jie , Li Qinghui , Yan Hong , Mao Qingxiang , Zuo Deyu , Liu Liangming , Li Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI) significantly worsens the outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is recognized for its cardioprotective properties, but the related mechanisms, especially regarding metabolic reprogramming, have not been fully clarified. A total of 60 patients with heart valve disease are randomly assigned to Dex or control group. Blood samples are collected to analyze cardiac injury biomarkers and metabolomics. In vivo and vitro rat models of MIRI are utilized to assess the effects of Dex on cardiac function, lactate production, and mitochondrial function. It is found that postoperative CK‐MB and cTNT levels are significantly lower in the Dex group. Metabolomics reveals that Dex regulates metabolic reprogramming and reduces lactate level. In Dex‐treated rats, the myocardial infarction area is reduced, and myocardial contractility is improved. Dex inhibits glycolysis, reduces lactate, and improves mitochondrial function following MIRI. Lactylation proteomics identifies that Dex reduces the lactylation of Malate Dehydrogenase 2（MDH2), thus alleviating myocardial injury. Further studies reveal that MDH2 lactylation induces ferroptosis, leading to MIRI by impairing mitochondrial function. Mechanistic analyses reveal that Dex upregulates Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3 Group C Member 1（NR3C1) phosphorylation, downregulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 (PDK4), and reduces lactate production and MDH2 lactylation. These findings provide new therapeutic targets and mechanisms for the treatment for MIRI.
V‐Shaped Heterostructure Nanocavities Array with CM and EM Coupled Enhancement for Ultra‐Sensitive SERS Substrate
Authors: Rahim Abdur , Ma Liqi , Saleem Muhammad , Lyu Baiju , Shafi Muhammad , You Yuxin , Li Mingyue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Mei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe field of semiconductor surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has experienced significant advancements, leading to a wide range of applications in several fields. However, the quest for new ultra‐sensitive semiconductor SERS materials is still of utmost importance. In this regard, an efficient and novel substrate, F4TCNQ/MoS2 heterostructure is introduced, assisted by V‐shaped aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) nanocavities with different depths. Utilizing the efficient charge transfer of organic/inorganic semiconducting heterostructure and the photoconfinement capability of the nanocavity structure of the AAO nanotemplate, excellent stability, fast sensing, enhanced Raman, and photodegradation activities are achieved. Due to its unique 3D structure, the optimized F4TCNQ/MoS2/AAO with 1500 nm depth achieves ultra‐high sensitivity detection of 9.0×10−16 M for conventional probe molecules. Furthermore, precise detection of water contaminants is observed for the first time with a V‐shaped heterostructure due to combined organic/inorganic features that differ significantly from conventional MoS2 structures or other metal/inorganic or inorganic/inorganic semiconductors. This research presents a novel and versatile strategy for SERS and demonstrates its diverse potential performance in practical applications.
Reinforcing the Efficiency of Plastic Upgrading through Full‐Spectrum Photothermal Effect Integration of Heat Isolator
Authors: Gong Xueqin , Wang Peng , Yang Shuo , Li Wenbo , Lv Min , Li Bei , Zhang Xiangxiang , Wang Zeyan , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao , Zheng Zhaoke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotoreforming of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to H2 is practically attractive strategy for upgrading waste plastics. The major challenge is to utilize the infrared energy in the solar spectrum to improve the efficiency for photoreforming of PET to H2. Herein, through the ingenious integration of tungsten phosphide nanoparticles and tungsten single atoms (WP/W SAs) with carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), the constructed hybrid inherits both the desirable properties and structural merits of the respective building blocks. Specifically, the photothermal effect of WP/W SAs couples with the “heat isolator” role of g‐C3N4 due to its low thermal conductivity, thereby forming localized high‐temperature regions, reducing the activation energy and improving the kinetics in the photoreforming of PET to H2. Additionally, the green pretreatment of PET using alkali‐free hydrothermal strategy is reported, achieving direct separation of the ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid. This work not only provides an alkali‐free hydrothermal pretreatment for PET, but also integrates the photothermal effect with the thermal insulation and opens a new avenue for harnessing solar energy into to convert plastics into H2.
In Situ Constructing Robust Interface by Deep Eutectic Polymeric Electrolyte Enables High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries with High‐Loading Cathode
Authors: Fang Zixuan , Zhang Ming , Zhang Zhihao , Li Jitao , Peng Haofeng , Wu Jintian , Zhou Haiping , Xu Ziqiang , Wu Mengqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe low Li+ transport and poor interface have consistently been two major impediments to practical applications of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based composite solid‐state electrolytes (PCPE). In this work, a polymerizable deep eutectic electrolyte is meticulously designed with high fluidity which consists of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA), Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC), Succinonitrile (SN) and dual salts (LiTFSI/LiDFOB) to promote Li+ transport and ameliorate the interface of PCPE. Inclusion of PEGDA monomers and FEC alters the crystallinity of SN, enhancing the wettability of thick electrode, and formation of polymeric 3D network from polymerization of PEGDA can anchor SN and suppress the side reactions between SN and lithium metal. Consequently, the modified PCPE exhibit an enhanced conductivity of 4.47 × 10−4 S cm−1 with Li‐ion transference number of 0.60, and show an excellent lithium stability. LiCoO2(LCO)/SP‐PCPE/Li batteries with higher loading (3–4.4 V, 6 mg cm−2) can work for over 300 cycles at 0.5 C. Even with an ultra‐high loading of 16 mg cm−2, LCO/SP‐PCPE/Li batteries achieve an excellent cycling performance. This work provides new insights into how to construct a robust interface for solid‐state batteries with high‐loading cathode.
Bridging Zn2+/Ca2+‐Storage Chemistries by Hetero‐Solvation Electrolyte toward High‐Voltage Ca2+‐Based Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Yan Jianping , Wang Bo , Tang Yongchao , Xiong Jiaming , Liu Guigui , Feng Zhenfeng , Qi Jintu , Li Hongqing , Wen Zhipeng , Ye Minghui , Zhang Yufei , Du Wencheng , Liu Xiaoqing , Li Cheng Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarth‐rich Ca2+ ions for energy storage can endow batteries with low‐cost and high‐energy merits, yet remain hampered by difficult Ca2+ plating/stripping and (de)intercalation. Herein, by bridging Zn2+/Ca2+‐storage chemistries, a high‐voltage and stable Ca2+‐based hybrid battery (CHB) in a hetero‐solvation electrolyte (HSE) is initially achieved. With a [Ca2+(H2O)(acetonitrile)(CF3SO3)−] hetero‐solvation unit, the HSE not only allows a reversible in situ Zn stripping/plating to circumvent the low‐capacity/high‐potential limitation of non‐stripping/plating‐type anodes for Ca2+ storage but also effectively overcomes kinetics‐sluggish Ca2+ (de)intercalation usually occurring in conventional organic electrolytes. The acetonitrile‐rich water‐lean anode interface synergized by the electrostatic shielding effect of Ca2⁺ ions plays a conducive role in facilitating highly reversible Zn stripping/plating. Moreover, the lubricating/shielding properties of water molecules in the hetero‐solvation unit effectively boost the Ca2+/Zn2+ co‐insertion/extraction into/from the KNiMnPB/G cathode. Consequently, the HSE affords an endurable Zn stripping/plating over 1600 h, endows KNiMnPB/G//Zn battery with a high operating voltage of up to 1.85 V at 0.1 A g−1, and demonstrates decent stability over 400 cycles at 1 A g−1, outperforming most aqueous Ca2+‐based batteries with non‐stripping/plating‐type anodes. This work sheds new light on the development of high‐voltage aqueous CHBs by bridging Zn2+/Ca2+‐storage chemistries, which would boost to pursue other high‐energy multivalent‐ion batteries.
Using multi‐component carbon composite as current collector in ultra‐battery
Authors: Aghabararpour Mohammad , Naderi Malek , Jafari Seyed Hassan , Motahari Siamak , Ghazitabar Arash 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a multi‐component composite as a substitute for lead grids in ultra‐battery structures. The presented composite decreases the weight and simultaneously extends the cycle life of the traditional lead‐acid battery. Overall, UBZCP (the sample containing metal oxides and polyaniline), as the best sample, increases the cyclic stability by 3.3 and 1.4 times under high rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC) mode, compared to Native and UB450 samples. Metal oxides predominantly enhance the electrical conductivity of carbon‐based composites due to catalytic effects in the reduction of graphene oxide during heat treatment. Poly aniline shows considerably positive effect of electrochemical performance due to the high pseudo‐capacitive properties, high interaction of lead ions and the nitrogen in the polymer chains and accordingly hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) inhibition. The synergistic effect of polyaniline and metal oxides makes the best performance in the UBZCP sample achieve. Also, the UBZCP sample represented an enhancement of about 1.21 and 1.39 times in battery life and specific capacity under deep discharge mode compared to the Native sample. As a result, the introduced multi‐component composite making a 3D conductive network, facilitates Pb/PbSO4 reaction reversibility, and reduces the lead sulfate crystal size.