bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bent Phosphaallenes With “Hidden” Lone Pairs as Ligands
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Li Zhongshu , Frenking Gernot , Fernández Israel , Zhao Lili , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhosphaheteroallenes R−P=C=L, with L = N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), can be viewed to a certain extent as phosphaisonitriles stabilized with NHCs, R−P=C:←L. The suitability of these molecules as ligands for coinage‐metal ions was investigated and coordination through the central carbon center was observed in most cases. A combination of experiments, spectroscopic methods, and DFT calculations indicates the presence of a hidden electron pair at the carbon center of R−P=C:←L. Remarkably, this lone pair also inserts intramolecularly in C−H bonds showing the carbene‐type reactivity which is expected for phosphaisonitriles.
A Novel Thermomorphic System for Electrocatalytic Diels‐Alder Reactions
Authors: Imada Yasushi , Shida Naoki , Okada Yohei , Chiba Kazuhiro 
Published: March 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe discovery that lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (LiTFSI)/1‐nitropropane (PrNO2) solution functions as a less polar alternative to lithium perchlorate (LiClO4)/nitromethane (MeNO2) solution has led to the development of a novel thermomorphic system for electrocatalytic Diels‐Alder reactions. Methyl cyclohexane (Me‐c‐Hex) can form a monophasic condition with LiTFSI/PrNO2 solution at room temperature, enabling the use of hydrophobic dienophiles. After the electrochemical reaction, a biphasic condition can be formed at –50°C, where the cycloadducts are selectively recovered from the upper Me‐c‐Hex phase and the remaining lower LiTFSI/PrNO2 solution can be reused.
Clonal diversity impacts coral cover in Acropora cervicornis thickets: Potential relationships between density, growth, and polymorphisms
Authors: Drury Crawford , Greer Justin B. , Baums Iliana , Gintert Brooke , Lirman Diego 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs coral reefs decline, cryptic sources of resistance and resilience to stress may be increasingly important for the persistence of these communities. Among these sources, inter‐ and intraspecific diversity remain understudied on coral reefs but extensively impact a variety of traits in other ecosystems. We use a combination of field and sequencing data at two sites in Florida and two in the Dominican Republic to examine clonal diversity and genetic differentiation of high‐ and low‐density aggregations of the threatened coral Acropora cervicornis in the Caribbean. We find that high‐density aggregations called thickets are composed of up to 30 genotypes at a single site, but 47% of genotypes are also found as isolated, discrete colonies outside these aggregations. Genet–ramet ratios are comparable for thickets (0.636) and isolated colonies after rarefaction (0.569), suggesting the composition of each aggregation is not substantially different and highlighting interactions between colonies as a potential influence on structure. There are no differences in growth rate, but a significant positive correlation between genotypic diversity and coral cover, which may be due to the influence of interactions between colonies on survivorship or fragment retention during asexual reproduction. Many polymorphisms distinguish isolated colonies from thickets despite the shared genotypes found here, including putative nonsynonymous mutations that change amino acid sequence in 25 loci. These results highlight intraspecific diversity as a density‐dependent factor that may impact traits important for the structure and function of coral reefs.
Nonbreeder birds at colonies display qualitatively similar seasonal mass change patterns as breeders
Authors: Emmerson Louise , Walsh Sarina , Southwell Colin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe difficulty in studying nonbreeding birds means that little is known about them or their resource requirements, despite forming a large and significant component of a population. One way to assess food requirements is to examine changes in body mass, because it indicates the amount of food acquired. In terms of body mass changes, our expectation is that nonbreeders will either (a) be in poorer condition than the breeders which potentially explains why they do not breed or (b) remain at a stable higher mass as they are unconstrained by the physiological costs associated with rearing chicks. Here, we interrogate body mass datasets of breeding and nonbreeding birds of two penguin species to assess these predictions and determine whether differences in mass exist between these two groups throughout the breeding season. The first dataset is from a wild Adélie penguin population, where bird mass was recorded automatically and breeding status determined from a resighting program. A second population of captive gentoo penguins were weighed regularly each breeding season. We demonstrate that although there were times in each year when breeders were heavier than their nonbreeding counterparts for both populations, the mass changes showed qualitatively similar patterns throughout the breeding season irrespective of breeding status. Heavier breeders at times during the breeding season are not unexpected but the overall similar pattern of mass change irrespective of breeding status is in contrast to expectations. It appears that breeding status per se and the constraints that breeding places on birds are not the only driver of changes in mass throughout the breeding season and, although not explicitly studied here, the role of hormones in driving changes in appetite could be key to explain these results. These results present a significant step toward understanding food requirements of nonbreeders in avian populations.
A practical guide for combining data to model species distributions
Authors: Fletcher Robert J. , Hefley Trevor J. , Robertson Ellen P. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , McCleery Robert A. , Dorazio Robert M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUnderstanding and accurately modeling species distributions lies at the heart of many problems in ecology, evolution, and conservation. Multiple sources of data are increasingly available for modeling species distributions, such as data from citizen science programs, atlases, museums, and planned surveys. Yet reliably combining data sources can be challenging because data sources can vary considerably in their design, gradients covered, and potential sampling biases. We review, synthesize, and illustrate recent developments in combining multiple sources of data for species distribution modeling. We identify five ways in which multiple sources of data are typically combined for modeling species distributions. These approaches vary in their ability to accommodate sampling design, bias, and uncertainty when quantifying environmental relationships in species distribution models. Many of the challenges for combining data are solved through the prudent use of integrated species distribution models: models that simultaneously combine different data sources on species locations to quantify environmental relationships for explaining species distribution. We illustrate these approaches using planned survey data on 24 species of birds coupled with opportunistically collected eBird data in the southeastern United States. This example illustrates some of the benefits of data integration, such as increased precision in environmental relationships, greater predictive accuracy, and accounting for sample bias. Yet it also illustrates challenges of combining data sources with vastly different sampling methodologies and amounts of data. We provide one solution to this challenge through the use of weighted joint likelihoods. Weighted joint likelihoods provide a means to emphasize data sources based on different criteria (e.g., sample size), and we find that weighting improves predictions for all species considered. We conclude by providing practical guidance on combining multiple sources of data for modeling species distributions.
Gender differences in synchrony: Females in sync during unstructured dyadic conversation
Authors: Fujiwara Ken , Kimura Masanori , Daibo Ikuo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough previous studies have reported that individual prosocial traits generally enhance synchrony, gender as a social factor was not the subject of focus. The present study examined gender differences in synchrony by conducting three experiments on dyadic unstructured conversations with same‐gender strangers. Synchrony was assessed by calculating the cross‐wavelet coherence and determining the relative phase. As expected, through the three experiments, the female dyads showed a higher degree of synchrony, compared to the male dyads. Moreover, the conversation type (i.e., structured monologue vs. unstructured dialogue) did not moderate the gender effect (Experiment 2), while synchrony in the female dyads was influenced by the preceding conversation (Experiment 3). In contrast, through the three experiments, the role of the relative phase was unclear. The findings indicate that the social factor, gender, has an impact on synchrony, and that interpersonal sensitivity contributes to synchrony.
Transpiration‐ and precipitation‐induced subsurface water flow observed using the self‐potential method
Authors: Voytek Emily B. , Barnard Holly R. , Jougnot Damien , Singha Kamini 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMovement of soil moisture associated with tree root‐water uptake is ecologically important but technically challenging to measure. Here, the self‐potential (SP) method, a passive electrical geophysical method, is used to characterize water flow in situ. Unlike tensiometers, which use a measurement of state (i.e., matric pressure) at two locations to infer fluid flow, the SP method directly measures signals generated by water movement. We collected SP measurements in a two‐dimensional array at the base of a Douglas‐fir tree (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon over 5 months to provide insight on the propagation of transpiration signals into the subsurface under variable soil moisture. During dry conditions, SP data appear to show downward unsaturated flow, whereas nearby tensiometer data appear to suggest upward flow during this period. After the trees enter dormancy in the fall, precipitation‐induced vertical flow dominates in the SP and tensiometer data. Diel variations in SP data correspond to periods of tree transpiration. Changes in volumetric water content occurring from soil moisture movement during transpiration are not large enough to appear in volumetric water content data. Fluid flow and electrokinetic coupling (i.e., electrical potential distribution) were simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics to explore the system controls on field data. The coupled model, which included a root‐water uptake term, reproduced components of both the long‐term and diel variations in SP measurements, thus indicating that SP has potential to provide spatially and temporally dense measurements of transpiration‐induced changes in water flow. This manuscript presents the first SP measurements focusing on the movement of soil moisture in response to tree transpiration.
microRNA‐497 inhibition mitigates myocardial infarction via enhancing wingless/integrated signal pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tang Yu , Zhong Zhiying , Wang Xiaohua , Wang Yunxia , Liu Yanfeng , Chang Zhitang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveHigh association between microRNA‐497 (miR‐497) inhibition and the improvement of myocardial infarction (MI) has been proved. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) therapy is regarded as a highly promising approach to MI treatment. We studied the functional role of miR‐497 inhibition in the transplantation of BMSCs for MI treatment.MethodsBMSCs were isolated from 10 to 14 days old male Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats for in vitro and in vivo experiments. First, flow cytometry was used for BMSCs identification. miR‐497 antagomir and agomir were transfected into BMSCs, and the migratory capacity was detected by wound healing assay. Protein levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Second, rat MI models were constructed and injected with each experimental group BMSCs. Four weeks later, the cellular morphology of cardiomyocyte and infarcted size was observed after histopathologic evaluation (HE) and Masson’s trichrome staining. Moreover, WNT3A siRNA (siWNT3A) was used for further investigating the involvement of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.ResultsBMSCs were confirmed to be CD90+ CD45− CD11b/c− cells. The number of rats with wound closure increased more in miR‐497 inhibitor group than that in agomir group, the number markedly decreased in agomir group (
P < 0.01). As the miR‐497 decreased, the protein levels of WNT3A, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and β‐catenin were notably increased. The injection of BMSCs inhibiting miR‐497 repaired almost all infarcted zones. siWNT3A, on the contrary, could decrease the wound closure rate and relative protein levels and inhibit MI treatment.ConclusionmiR‐497 antagomir contributes to BMSCs transplantation for MI treatment by Wnt/β‐catenin activation, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is essential for the functional effects of miR‐497 antagomir.
CeNETs analysis reveals the prognostic value of a signature integration from five lncRNAs in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Ke , Liao Caihua , Zhong Qiong , Dong Haiyan , Zhang Tiancheng , Jin Rongzhong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis is a novel effective theory that can enable us to deeply understand the mechanisms of comprehensive diseases.MethodsIn this study, we first downloaded RNAseq data and microRNA (miRNA) seq data of breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas and further explored the regulation of ceRNA network in breast cancer using comprehensive bioinformatics tools.ResultsThe results revealed that five miRNAs, including hsa‐miR‐10b, hsa‐miR‐21, hsa‐miR‐183, hsa‐miR‐1258, and hsa‐miR‐3200 formed the core of ceRNA network. Moreover, five long noncoding RNAs that could competitively bind with miR‐10b, respectively, named ACTA2‐AS1, RP11‐384P7.7, RP11‐327J17.9, RP11‐124N14.3, and RP11‐645C24.5, were discovered as an integration signature with great potential in the prediction of survival outcomes in patients with different stages of breast cancer.ConclusionsThis indicates that these five long noncoding RNAs may be potential novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of breast cancer.
Long noncoding RNA NONHSAG053901 promotes diabetic nephropathy via stimulating Egr‐1/TGF‐β‐mediated renal inflammation
Authors: Peng Wenfang , Huang Shan , Shen Lisha , Tang Yubing , Li Huihua , Shi Yongquan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important factor leading to end‐stage kidney disease that affects diabetes mellitus patients globally. Our previous transcriptome sequencing has identified a large group of differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in early development of DN. On basis of this, we aimed to investigate the function of lncRNA NONHSAG053901 in DN pathogenesis. In this study, we revealed that the expression of NONHSAG053901 was drastically elevated in both DN mouse model and mesangial cells (MCs). It was found that overexpression of NONHSAG053901 remarkably promoted inflammation, fibrosis and proliferation in MCs. Consistently, further investigations suggested that the stimulation of NONHSAG053901 on proinflammatory cytokines via direct binding to early growth response protein 1 (Egr‐1). Interaction between Egr‐1 and transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) could augment TGF‐β function in DN inflammation. Furthermore, the effects of NONHSAG053901 on stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines were abolished by knockdown of Egr‐1. These results together suggested that NONHSAG053901 promoted proinflammatory cytokines via stimulating Egr‐1/TGF‐β mediated renal inflammation.
Iron‐load exacerbates the severity of atherosclerosis via inducing inflammation and enhancing the glycolysis in macrophages
Authors: Hu Xiaorong , Cai Xinyong , Ma Ruisong , Fu Wenwen , Zhang Changjiang , Du Xianjin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis is still the major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Recently, it has been reported increased levels of tissue iron increase the risk of atherosclerosis. However, the detailed mechanism of iron‐induced atherosclerosis progression is barely known. Here, we used apoE‐deficient mice models to investigate the effects of low iron diet (<0 mg iron carbonyl/kg), high iron diet (25,000 mg iron carbonyl/kg) on atherosclerosis in vivo. As exhibited, we observed that CD68 was significant enriched by high iron diet in apoE‐deficient mice. In addition, transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 (IL‐6), IL‐23, IL‐10, and IL‐1β levels were also greatly induced by high iron diet. Then, we found that the iron load promoted the inflammation response in macrophages. Moreover, macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophage can express various functional programs in activating macrophages. Here, we observed that iron‐load macrophages were polarized toward a proinflammatory macrophage phenotype. The polarization of M1 macrophage was promoted by ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Furthermore, ECAR and cellular OCR in BMDM with or without FAC was examined. As shown, BMDM indicated with 50 μM FAC showed a significant increase in basic state and maximal ECAR in contrast to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in OCR. This indicated that the glycolysis was involved in the polarization of M1 macrophage triggered by iron‐load. In conclusion, we indicated that the iron load exacerbates the progression of atherosclerosis via inducing inflammation and enhancing glycolysis in macrophages.
4E‐BP1 and 4E‐BP2 double knockout mice are protected from aging‐associated sarcopenia
Authors: Le Bacquer Olivier , Combe Kristell , Patrac Véronique , Ingram Brian , Combaret Lydie , Dardevet Dominique , Montaurier Christophe , Salles Jérôme , Giraudet Christophe , Guillet Christelle , Sonenberg Nahum , Boirie Yves , Walrand Stéphane 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass/function that occurs during the aging process. The links between mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity and muscle development are largely documented, but the role of its downstream targets in the development of sarcopenia is poorly understood. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding proteins (4E‐BPs) are targets of mTOR that repress mRNA translation initiation and are involved in the control of several physiological processes. However, their role in skeletal muscle is still poorly understood. The goal of this study was to assess how loss of 4E‐BP1 and 4E‐BP2 expression impacts skeletal muscle function and homeostasis in aged mice and to characterize the associated metabolic changes by metabolomic and lipidomic profiling.MethodsTwenty‐four‐month‐old wild‐type and whole body 4E‐BP1/4E‐BP2 double knockout (DKO) mice were used to measure muscle mass and function. Protein homeostasis was measured ex vivo in extensor digitorum longus by incorporation of l‐[U‐14C]phenylalanine, and metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of skeletal muscle was performed by Metabolon, Inc.ResultsThe 4E‐BP1/2 DKO mice exhibited an increase in muscle mass that was associated with increased grip strength (P < 0.05). Protein synthesis was higher under both basal (+102%, P < 0.05) and stimulated conditions (+65%, P < 0.05) in DKO skeletal muscle. Metabolomic and complex lipid analysis of skeletal muscle revealed robust differences pertaining to amino acid homeostasis, carbohydrate abundance, and certain aspects of lipid metabolism. In particular, levels of most free amino acids were lower within the 4E‐BP1/2 DKO muscle. Interestingly, although glucose levels were unchanged, differences were observed in the isobaric compound maltitol/lactitol (33‐fold increase, P < 0.01) and in several additional carbohydrate compounds. 4E‐BP1/2 depletion also resulted in accumulation of medium‐chain acylcarnitines and a 20% lower C2/C0 acylcarnitine ratio (P < 0.01) indicative of reduced β‐oxidation.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings demonstrate that deletion of 4E‐BPs is associated with perturbed energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and could have beneficial effects on skeletal muscle mass and function in aging mice. They also identify 4E‐BPs as potential targets for the treatment of sarcopenia.
Using different wavelengths and irradiance on the microalgae Acutodesmus obliquus batch culture
Authors: Hurtado Diana Ximena , Garzón‐Castro Claudia Lorena , Cortés‐Romero John , Tello Edisson 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe quality of light, such as wavelength and the intensity affect the performance of algal growth and lipid production. Moreover, these variables also affect the lipids profile. To study the interrelation among these variables, Acutodesmus obliquus (Scenedesmus obliquus UTEX393) a microalga, was cultivated using illumination by light‐emitting‐diode surface mount device extensions emitting red (λ = 620–750 nm), yellow (λ = 570–590 nm), green (λ = 495–570 nm) and violet (λ = 380–450 nm) light. Additionally, each culture was illuminated at different light intensities (I1 = 8.75, I2 = 14.22 and I3 = 19.69 W m−2). Finally, all samples were analysed by GC‐MS.RESULTSThe results showed: (1) the biomass production is directly proportional to the light intensity, e.g. at I3 = 19.69 W m−2 violet (36.80 mg L−1), yellow (25.49 mg L−1) and red (39.44 mg L−1) showed the major production; (2) however, the lipids were produced in minor amounts at major violet light intensity (3.64 mg L−1 at I3 = 19.69 W m−2); (3) the major lipids production (20.56 mg L−1) was obtained with red light at I3 = 19.69 W m−2 and (4) A. obliquus, under the parameters established was a good producer of lipids.CONCLUSIONSThe major amount of biomass was obtained at red, yellow and violet light; meanwhile, the low biomass production, using green light, was associated with inefficient absorption of green light by chlorophyll. Additionally, palmitic, linolenic and linoleic were the most produced lipids, establishing a dependence between light wavelength and irradiance with biomass and lipid production. These results support the use of wavelengths and intensities to produce a group of specific lipids according to the needs of different industries. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhancement of anti‐fouling properties during the treatment of paper mill effluent using functionalized zeolite and activated carbon nanomaterials based ultrafiltration
Authors: Saranya Rameshkumar , Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam , Ismail Ahmad F 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTreatment of paper mill effluent is crucial owing to its high organic constituents which necessitate the use of efficient membranes having greater anti‐fouling ability. In this study, functionalized zeolite and activated carbon incorporated polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were developed to maximize the fouling resistance and rejection efficiency thereby to achieve greater reduction levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the effluent.RESULTSThe synthesized inorganic modifiers such as functionalized copper (Cu)‐zeolite, iron (Fe)‐zeolite and calcium alginate functionalized activated carbon were incorporated into PES in distinct wt% of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1. The high pure water flux of 38.9 L m−2 h−1 was observed with 0.25 wt% of Cu‐zeolite when compared to 24.3 L m−2 h−1 of virgin PES. The addition of 0.5 wt% of functionalized activated carbon resulted in reduction levels of about 90.2%, 92% and 80% of COD, BOD and TDS respectively.CONCLUSIONSFacile functionalization of zeolite and activated carbon using metal salts and calcium alginate was achieved. Functionalized Cu‐zeolite imparted increased hydrophilicity, anti‐fouling property and increased pore size compared to that of Fe‐zeolite and functionalized activated carbon. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry