bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agricultural land use yields reduced foraging efficiency and unviable offspring in the wild bee Ceratina calcarata
Authors: Nooten Sabine S. , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: March 2019

1. Agricultural intensification generally leads to large‐scale habitat changes marked by decreasing availability of nesting sites and flower resources for pollinators. However, little is known about how such changes impact wild bee maternal body size and foraging effort and, more importantly, whether there is a subsequent effect on their offspring.2. Nests were collected from the common eastern North American stem nesting bee, Ceratina calcarata, across three land management types: (i) intensely managed conventional farms; (ii) moderately disturbed organic farmland; and (iii) least managed roadsides. The study assessed the effects of land use types on body size and wing wear (a proxy for foraging effort) of maternal bees, and on their offspring in terms of clutch size, survival, sex ratio and body size.3. Findings revealed that more brood reached pupal stages from nests collected in conventional farmlands. This was due to the total lack of parasites, possibly because the host density is below the threshold that can support a brood parasite population in intensively farmed landscapes. A positive association between maternal bee size and clutch size was only found in least managed roadsides, while, in both farm types, body sizes for daughters and sons were smaller, barely reaching the predicted overwintering threshold.4. The results suggest that the effects of intensified agricultural land use will be more pronounced in bee offspring, potentially leading to decreased fitness for subsequent generations. This implies far‐reaching consequences for agricultural pollination services and declines in wild bee populations.
Direct quantitative real‐time PCR assay for detection of the emerging pathogen Neonectria neomacrospora
Authors: Nielsen Knud N. , Thomsen Iben M. , Hansen Ole K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe epidemic outbreak in northern Europe of Neonectria neomacrospora, the causal agent of dieback in Abies spp., led the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) to include the pathogen on its alert list in 2017. Effective monitoring of this pathogen calls for a rapid and sensitive method of identification and quantification. A probe‐based real‐time PCR (qPCR) assay based on the β‐tubulin gene was developed for the detection and quantification of N. neomacrospora in infected wood samples, and directly for ascospores. This study presents the first published species–specific molecular detection assay for N. neomacrospora. The analytical specificity was validated on taxonomically closely related fungal species as well as on 18 fungal species associated with the host (Abies sp.). The analytical sensitivity was tested on naturally infected wood, on purified pathogen DNA in a matrix of host DNA and on N. neomacrospora ascospores for detection of airborne inoculum. The latter was tested both with a DNA extraction step prior to qPCR and without DNA extraction by direct qPCR on collected ascospores. The assay was specific to N. neomacrospora, with a sensitivity of 130 fg purified DNA, or 10 ascospores by direct qPCR. Omitting DNA extraction and amplifying directly on unpurified ascospores improved assay sensitivity significantly.
Complex stifle injury in a foal
Authors: Santschi E. , Younkin J. , Girard C. , Laverty S. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryA 130 kg, 60‐day‐old Quarter Horse male foal presented with bilateral stifle effusion and severe left hindlimb lameness. Clinical examination and imaging including radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography revealed bilateral stifle trauma. Specifically, disruption of the left medial meniscus and deep bone injury to the left medial femoral condyle (MFC) were detected, and bilateral injury to the origin of the cranial cruciate ligaments was suspected. Treatment consisted of stall rest and joint injection with corticosteroids, however there was little improvement in lameness. Due to the poor prognosis for soundness, the foal was subject to euthanasia 10 weeks after initial presentation. Post‐mortem examination supported the left medial meniscus andMFCinjuries and revealed avulsions of the origin of the cranial cruciate ligaments (complete on the left and partial on the right) from the lateral femoral condyle. Histopathology of the left stifle joint revealed varying depths ofMFCosteochondral injury and severe left medial meniscus damage.
Heavy grazing effects on stem elongation and internode allometry: Insights from a natural pasture grass
Authors: Liu Zhiying , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Tianyu , Gao Ruofan , Li Xiliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLimited plant stem elongation is hypothesized to be the primary cause of decreased plant growth in response to long‐term heavy grazing (LHG). However, it remains largely unknown how LHG‐induced changes in stem elongation are mediated by internode traits. Accordingly, we experimentally investigated the effects of LHG (defined as twice the stocking rate recommended by the local government) on plant stem elongation and internode allometry in Leymus chinensis in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Plant size and internode traits, including internode length (IL), internode diameter (ID), and internode number (IN), from plant individuals were measured according to their phytomer position from base to apex. The results revealed that IN and their distributions were changed in response to LHG. Although LHG negatively affected IL and ID of each L. chinensis internode from base to apex and eventually stem length, the plasticity index of IL and ID increased initially and then decreased from the lowermost to the uppermost internode in response to LHG. These contrasting responses of internode traits were result of allometry between internode traits determined by both LHG and internode position. Ultimately, IL and IN were identified to be key traits influencing stem length reduction under LHG conditions and explaining 52.51% and 47.49% of variation in stem length, respectively. Overall, our findings suggest that the limitation of L. chinensis stem elongation induced by LHG is mediated by the plasticity and allometry of internode traits. This result emphasizes the sensitivity of individual plants to LHG and is potentially valuable for optimal grassland management.
THE BRIDE BY THE WATER: DUTY, PROCESSION, AND SACRIFICE IN THEODOR FONTANE'S UNWIEDERBRINGLICH
Authors: Sorenson Alexander 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTScholars of Theodor Fontane's Unwiederbringlich (1891) have long been intrigued by the protagonist's pious wife, Christine Holk, and especially by her suicidal drowning at the end of the story. After all, death by water – a ubiquitous topos of German Realism – at first seems to contradict Christine's inner system of law and its Lutheran precepts of duty. However, the motivic context surrounding the drowning suggests that her death is motivated by precisely this interior domain of ‘Pflicht’. In order to pursue this argument, the present article focuses upon the leitmotif of wedding and funeral processions, and particularly the way in which they become intertwined in Fontane's novel. The juxtaposition of both processional rites is strikingly anticipated by Euripides’ Alcestis, and the article suggests that comparing these two texts allows us to see Christine's suicidal drowning in a new light: not as an act of revenge or despair, but instead as a sacrificial exchange of moral paradigms. By transgressing against an individual system of duty, Christine aims to inculcate a collective model of duty that is rooted in the communal, ceremonial act of memorialisation.
‘IN EINEM UNVERSTANDENEN GESETZ’: THE ROLE OF THE LAW IN INGEBORG BACHMANN'S WRITING
Authors: Gallagher Kaleen 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the law represents a significant and largely overlooked motif in Ingeborg Bachmann's work. It offers an initial overview of the role of the law in the author's writing and identifies two major patterns: in texts like Der gute Gott von Manhattan, ‘Undine geht’, and ‘Ein Schritt nach Gomorrha’, the law functions above all as a metaphor for a repressive social order. Yet others, including ‘Ein Wildermuth’ and the libretti ‘Monolog des Fürsten Myschkin’ and Der Prinz von Homburg, are at least partially about the law as an institution: they examine the nature of legal authority and explore where the limits of legal systems lie – expressing doubt, for example, about the courts’ ability to ever uncover the ‘truth' of a case. Finally, it is argued that in the Todesarten texts we can see a mixture of these two patterns: here, the law is sometimes used as a metaphor for society as a whole, but Bachmann also continues to explore jurisprudential problems such as the question of whether absolute justice can ever be achieved.
Low‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: Further prognostic stratification into the “very‐low‐risk” group based on tumor size
Authors: Lee Alvin , Lee Han Jie , Huang Hong Hong , Ho Henry , Chen Kenneth 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo validate the significance of the entity of “very‐low‐risk” bladder cancer by analyzing the clinical outcomes of low‐risk bladder cancer when further stratified by tumor size.MethodsWe accessed our prospectively maintained, single‐institution, electronic bladder cancer registry to extract the clinicopathological data of patients who were diagnosed with primary, solitary, Ta, low‐grade tumors that were <3 cm. Patients were divided into two prognostic groups based on tumor size (≤1.0 cm vs >1.0 cm). The survival data of the two groups were compared for recurrence, progression and mortality.ResultsA total of 165 patients were followed up for a median period of 79 months (interquartile range 47–118 months). A total of 45% (75/165) of the study cohort had tumors that were ≤1.0 cm. Recurrences were found in 40% (66/165) of the study cohort. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, patients with tumor size ≤1.0 cm had significantly longer time to recurrence (P < 0.001, log–rank test). Using multivariate Cox modeling, only tumor size >1.0 cm was significantly associated with shorter time to recurrence (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.35–4.77, P = 0.004). Tumor size was not significantly associated with any differences in time to overall progression, muscle‐invasive progression or overall mortality (P = 0.108, P = 0.362 and P = 0.225, respectively, log–rank test).ConclusionsLow‐risk bladder cancer can be further stratified based on tumor size. Larger tumors (>1.0 cm) are significantly associated with shorter time to recurrence compared with smaller tumors (≤1.0 cm). However, there were no significant differences in the probability of developing disease progression or overall mortality between larger and smaller tumors.
Latin Americans and Caribbeans in Europe: A Cross‐Country Analysis
Authors: Bayona‐i‐Carrasco Jordi , Avila‐Tàpies Rosalia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the beginning of the 21st century, there has been an acceleration of migratory flows from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to Europe. As a result, and despite the negative impact of the economic crisis, 4.6 million Latin American and Caribbean immigrants reside in Europe, half of them in Spain. This article analyses the recent evolution of these migratory flows, their territorial distribution, and their demographic profiles according to the 2011 European census data disseminated by a new tool —the Census Hub— implemented by the European Statistical System. The analysis shows the existence of a high LAC immigrant concentration in Spain and in certain European cities, a marked young and feminized demographic profile, a great variety of educational levels and a different insertion in each European labour market, although many LAC immigrants work in low‐skill occupations, being overqualified and underemployed in most of the countries.
‘They can't empower us’: The role of allies in the consumer movement
Authors: Juntanamalaga Piyada , Scholz Brett , Roper Cath , Happell Brenda 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGoals of the mental health consumer movement include redressing inequality and increasing consumer leadership across the mental health sector. A means of achieving these goals is empowerment of consumers at systemic levels of the mental health sector. There have been calls for research to focus on allies – those who use their power to support and advocate for the goals of the consumer movement. This study aimed to examine the role of allies in consumer empowerment. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals (including three consumers, nine allies, and three participants each identifying as both consumer and ally). Findings suggest that allies cannot directly empower consumers but should support opportunities for consumer leadership within the sector. We discuss how allies might do this and avoid paternalism in their allyship.
Exercise, fitness and musculoskeletal health of undergraduate nursing students: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Pugh Judith D. , Cormack Kylie , Gelder Lucy , Williams Anne M. , Twigg Diane E. , Blazevich Anthony J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsTo describe the exercise, physical fitness and musculoskeletal health of nursing students.BackgroundNursing students are prone to musculoskeletal disorders restricting work ability. Physical fitness and leisure‐time exercise may affect responses to workplace exposures and risk for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodBetween August 2013 and April 2015, a convenience sample of 111 nursing students performed submaximal exercise tests. Nursing work, exercise and musculoskeletal health were surveyed and analysed descriptively.ResultsStudents’ mean age was 30.0 years, 89.2% were female and 20.0% worked in nursing while studying. Highest annual prevalence of musculoskeletal trouble was in low back (45.6%), neck (32.0%) and shoulder (18.5%) regions. Most exercised regularly but did not meet weekly cardiorespiratory, resistance, neuromotor and flexibility exercise recommendations and had poor to average fitness levels. Approximately 40% were overweight or obese; 26.1% had risk for obesity‐related disease.ConclusionsInterventions to improve nursing students’ physical condition before entering the nursing workforce appear warranted.ImpactImbalance between physical work capacity and demanding workloads increases musculoskeletal disorder risk amongst undergraduate nursing students. A large proportion studied reported recent musculoskeletal trouble (particularly low back, neck and shoulder). They exhibited modifiable characteristics of overweight/obese, poor fitness and inadequate leisure‐time exercise, predisposing them to work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. Undergraduate preparation should raise nursing students’ health literacy about physical fitness and ways to achieve it, for their musculoskeletal health and work capacity. Improving nursing students’ fitness may enhance their work preparedness and help them achieve longevity in this physically demanding occupation.
An integrated model of population genetics and community ecology
Authors: Overcast Isaac , Emerson Brent C. , Hickerson Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimQuantifying abundance distributions is critical for understanding both how communities assemble, and how community structure varies through time and space, yet estimating abundances requires considerable investment in fieldwork. Community‐level population genetic data potentially offer a powerful way to indirectly infer richness, abundance and the history of accumulation of biodiversity within a community. Here we introduce a joint model linking neutral community assembly and comparative phylogeography to generate both community‐level richness, abundance and genetic variation under a neutral model, capturing both equilibrium and non‐equilibrium dynamics.LocationGlobal.MethodsOur model combines a forward‐time individual‐based community assembly process with a rescaled backward‐time neutral coalescent model of multi‐taxa population genetics. We explore general dynamics of genetic and abundance‐based summary statistics and use approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to estimate parameters underlying the model of island community assembly. Finally, we demonstrate two applications of the model using community‐scale mtDNA sequence data and densely sampled abundances of an arachnid community on La Réunion. First, we use genetic data alone to estimate a summary of the abundance distribution, ground‐truthing this against the observed abundances. Then, we jointly use the observed genetic data and abundances to estimate the proximity of the community to equilibrium.ResultsSimulation experiments of our ABC procedure demonstrate that coupling abundance with genetic data leads to improved accuracy and precision of model parameter estimates compared with using abundance‐only data. We further demonstrate reasonable precision and accuracy in estimating a metric underlying the shape of the abundance distribution, temporal progress towards local equilibrium and several key parameters of the community assembly process. For the insular arachnid assemblage, we find the joint distribution of genetic diversity and abundance approaches equilibrium expectations, and that the Shannon entropy of the observed abundances can be estimated using genetic data alone.Main conclusionsThe framework that we present unifies neutral community assembly and comparative phylogeography to characterize the community‐level distribution of both abundance and genetic variation through time, providing a resource that should greatly enhance understanding of both the processes structuring ecological communities and the associated aggregate demographic histories.
P‐wave morphology and multipolar intracardiac atrial activation to facilitate nonpulmonary vein trigger localization
Authors: Kubala Maciej , Lucena‐Padros Irene , Xie Shuanglun , Casado‐Arroyo Ruben , Frankel David S. , Lin David , Santangeli Pasquale , Supple Gregory E. , Dixit Sanjay , Tschabrunn Cory M. , Liang Jackson J. , Yang Jiandu , Hyman Matthew C. , Zado Erica S. , Marchlinski Francis E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionNonpulmonary vein (non‐PV) triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF) are targets for ablation but their localization remains challenging. The aim of this study was to describe P‐wave (PW) morphologic characteristics and intra‐atrial activation patterns and timing from multipolar coronary sinus (CS) and crista terminalis (CT) catheters that localize non‐PV triggers.Methods and ResultsSelective pacing from six right and nine left atrial common non‐PV trigger sites was performed in 30 consecutive patients. We analyzed 12 lead ECG features based on PW duration, amplitude and morphology, and patterns and timing of multipolar activation for all 15 sites. Regionalization and then precise localization required criteria present in at least 70% of assessments at each pacing site. The algorithm was then prospectively evaluated by four blinded observers in a validation cohort of 18 consecutive patients undergoing the same pacing protocol and 60 consecutive patients who underwent successful non‐PV trigger ablation.The algorithm for site regionalization included 1) negative PW in V1, ≥30 µV change in PW amplitude across the leads V1‐V3, and PW duration ≤100 milliseconds in lead 2 and 2) unique intra‐atrial activation patterns and timing noted in the multipolar catheters. Specific ECG and intra‐atrial activation timing characteristics included in the algorithm allowed for more precise site localization after regionalization. In the prospective evaluation, the algorithm identified the site of origin for 72% of paced and 70% of spontaneous non‐PV trigger sites.ConclusionAn algorithm based on PW morphology and intra‐atrial multipolar activation pattern and timing can help identify non‐PV trigger sites of origin.
Diminished quality of life among adolescents with coeliac disease using maladaptive eating behaviours to manage a gluten‐free diet: a cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods study
Authors: Cadenhead J. W. , Wolf R. L. , Lebwohl B. , Lee A. R. , Zybert P. , Reilly N. R. , Schebendach J. , Satherley R. , Green P. H. R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCertain approaches to managing a strict gluten‐free diet (GFD) for coeliac disease (CD) may lead to impaired psychosocial well‐being, a diminished quality of life (QOL) and disordered eating. The present study aimed to understand adolescents’ approaches to managing a GFD and the association with QOL.MethodsThirty adolescents with CD (13–17 years old) following the GFD for at least 1 year completed the Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and QOL survey. Their approaches to GFD management were explored using a semi‐structured interview, where key themes were developed using an iterative process, and further analysed using a psychosocial rubric to classify management strategies and QOL. CDAT ratings were compared across groups.ResultsGluten‐free diet management strategies were classified on a four‐point scale. Adaptive eating behaviours were characterised by greater flexibility (versus rigidity), trust (versus avoidance), confidence (versus controlling behaviour) and awareness (versus preoccupation) with respect to maintaining a GFD. Approximately half the sample (53.3%) expressed more maladaptive approaches to maintaining a GFD and those who did so were older with lower CD‐Specific Pediatric Quality of Life (CDPQOL) scores, mean subscale differences ranging from 15.0 points for Isolation (t = 2.4, P = 0.03, d.f. = 28) to 23.4 points for Limitations (t = 3.0, P = 0.01, d.f. = 28).ConclusionsAdolescents with CD who manage a GFD with maladaptive eating behaviours similar to known risk factors for feeding and eating disorders experience diminished QOL. In accordance with CD management recommendations, we recommend ongoing follow‐up with gastroenterologists and dietitians and psychosocial support referrals, as needed.
Effect of waterpipe smoking on peri‐implant health: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akram Zohaib , Javed Fawad , Vohra Fahim 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present review was to evaluate the effect of waterpipe smoking (WS) on clinical peri‐implant inflammatory parameters compared to non‐smokers (NS) with dental implants. Literature searches were performed using bibliographic databases up to May 2018. Primary outcomes included peri‐implant bone loss (PIBL), while secondary outcomes were probing depth (PD), plaque index, and bleeding on probing. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each PIBL and PD were estimated by a random‐effect model. Four retrospective case‐control studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. All of the included studies showed statistically‐significantly worse peri‐implant outcomes in WS compared to NS. Considering the effects of WS on peri‐implant parameters, significant heterogeneity for PIBL (Q‐value = 34.21, P < 0.0001, I2 = 94.16%) and PD (Q‐value = 51.97, P < 0.0001, I2 = 96.15%) was observed between both groups. The overall RR for PIBL (RR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.01‐3.97, P = 0.001) and PD (RR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.91‐7.17, P = 0.001) were significant between WS and NS groups. WS has detrimental effect on peri‐implant health. Clinicians should instruct and advise patients about poor prognosis and peri‐implant diseases caused by WS.