bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Clinical Outcome of Snakebite in Western Nepal: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Karki D , Sharma B , Koirala R , Nagila A 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Snakebite is an environmental hazard associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is an important medical emergency and cause of significant numbers of hospital admissions in many parts of the Asian region. In this study, we assess the epidemiology and clinical outcome of snake bite.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of all patients with snake bites admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, kaski, Nepal. A total numbers of 265 snake bite cases in the period of 2013 to 2016 were enrolled in this study. Snake bite cases by person, place and time along with month of snake bite and time of bite, were analyzed. We also identified the types of snake and site of the bite. Sign and symptoms were clinically observed and the management of the snake bite cases was clinically done. Prothrombin time (PT) test along with INR value was performed by Medical Technologist at the Department of Laboratory, Manipal Teaching Hospital. Data was entered in to the Microsoft excel and analyzed by SPPS version 21.0. Percentages were applied to find the results.
Results: Total numbers of snake bite cases were 265. More than half, 60.4% of the snake bite cases were females. Regarding the age group, nearly half, 47.9% were in the age group of 20 - 40 years and 9.8% cases were in the age group of 60 years and above. In this study, 50.6% bite cases were held at the day time and most of the bites were reported/ observed in the limb, 53.6% in lower limb, and 43.4% in the upper limb. Very few bites were in the head, neck and trunk. Our result shows 49.1% were green snake and 30.9% snake were unidentified. When we observed the sign and symptoms, 153 (57.7%) cases showed local swelling, 83 (31.3%) showed fang mark. Hematological manifestation were 144 (54.3%) cases and complication observed in 145 (54.7%) cases. Snake bite cases were managed after PT/INR test, INR. Antibiotic were prescribed in 154 cases and in 135 (50.9%) cases blood was transfused. There were no fetal cases noticed among hospital admitted snake bite cases.
Conclusion: There is gross disparity in the management and outcomes of snake bite in different hospitals. Snake bite cases should manage in tertiary care hospital as early as possible.
Teaching How to Teach: Microteaching (A Way to Build up Teaching Skills)
Authors: Reddy KR 
Published: February 2019

Microteaching is one of the most recent innovations in teacher training program which is used as a professional developmental tool in pre-service or in-service teacher training programs. Microteaching helps teachers to better understand the processes of teaching and learning and provides the opportunity to learn teaching skills, to study their own teaching, and to study the teaching of others.
Microteaching is an organized, scaled-down teacher training program where a trainee teacher plans a short lesson, teaches it to a reduced group of students (Three to ten) in a 5 to 20 minute lesson, and then reflects on their teaching afterwards. The lesson is video recorded for either individual or peer review. The trainee teacher’s micro-lesson is reviewed, discussed, analyzed, and evaluated to give a feedback. Based on this feedback, the trainee teacher re-teaches the micro-lesson, incorporating those points raised during the discussion and analysis.
The main objective of this article is to address and emphasize that microteaching has the potential to improve the teachers’ pedagogic skills, competencies, self-confidence, beliefs, and attitudes with minimum available facilities and to provide students with valuable teaching experiences and make them aware of the benefits and relationships between theory and practice.
Bacteraemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of isolates from patients visiting a private hospital of Kathmandu
Authors: Jaishi Nandalal , Pathak Pramila , Shah Pradeep Kumar , Dahal Puspa Raj 
Published: February 2019

Background: Bacteraemia can develop a broad array of complications that may be difficult to recognize initially and can increase morbidity. The study was thus conducted to identify the causative agents of bacteraemia and to assess antibiogram of the isolates among the patients suspected of blood stream infection visiting Everest hospital, New Baneshwor Kathmandu.
Methods: Altogether 400 blood cultures were processed during March, 2015 to August, 2015. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) was followed during the processing of the specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method with Muller-Hinton agar using the guidelines and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2013).
Result: The positivity of blood culture was found to be 48 (12%). Gram negative bacterial were found to be more predominant 27(56.2%) than gram positive bacteria 21(43.7%) in causing bacteraemia. The most prevalent isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 15 (31.2%) followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A 10 (20.8%) and Salmonella Typhi 8 (16.6%), E. coli & CoNS 4 (8.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 (6.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae & Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (4.1%) respectively. All gram-positive isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefoxitin, Ceftriaxone and Vancomycin followed by Ampicillin (90.42%), Erythromycin (85.71%), Ciprofloxacin (83.33%), Doxycycline (75%) and Cephalexin (70.58%) whereas gram negative isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone followed by Chloramphenicol (92%), Gentamicin (88.8%), Cefixime (85.71%), Ofloxacin (83.3%) and Amoxycillin and Ciprofloxacin (71.3%)
Conclusion: The isolation of etiological agents of blood stream infection should be assessed by proper microbiological analysis and it would be helpful for controlling of the outbreaks of resistance strains through effective empirical therapy.
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase and Metallo Beta Lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Tertiary care Hospital of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pallavi , Sharma Saroj , Maharjan Roshani 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To assess the prevalence of Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo beta lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pus samples.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal during which 316 pus samples were collected and tested using standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (AST) was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and the detection of ESBL and MBL production were done using Ceftazidime/clavulanic acid combined disk test and Imipenem- Ethylenenediaminetetraacetic acid combined disk test respectively as per CLSI guideline 2014.
Results: The prevalence rate of P. aeruginosa was found to be 7.9% in pus samples. Out of 25 P. aeruginosa isolates 9(36%) were ESBL producers and 2(8%) were MBL producers. ESBL producers were predominant in the age group 2-3 years (33.3%) and in male patient (55.6%). Out of 2 MBL producing P. aeruginosa, 1(50%)was isolated from the age group below 2 years and male patient and 1(50%) from the age group 8-9 years and female patient. 96% of isolates showed sensitive to Polymyxin B.
Conclusion: The study showed increasing trend of ESBL and MBL production in P. aeruginosa so constant survey of prevalence of ESBL and MBL producing isolates is essential to control and manage spread of these isolates in different units of health institutions.
In-Vitro Biofilm Detection among Uropathogens and their Antibiogram Profile
Authors: Shrestha Bijayata , Shrestha Basudha , Poudel Asia , Lekhak Binod , Upreti Milan Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The study was carried out in Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu with the aim of in- vitro biofilm detection among uropathogens and its correlation with antibiotic resistance.
Methods: Uropathogens (n=234) were isolated, and identified with standard microbiological techniques and further subjected to Modified Congo Red Agar Method for the biofilm detection in-vitro; antimicrobial susceptibility testing (10 antibiotics) was performed by Modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The MIC and MBEC values of Levofloxacin were determined by agar dilution for planktonic forms and by microdilution method for biofilm phase respectively.
Results: Among 234 urine isolates, 134(57%) were positive for in-vitro biofilm production and 88(37.6%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). E. coli was the predominant biofilm forming uropathogens. The incidence of biofilm producers was found to be independent of age-wise, gender wise and indoor-outdoor distribution of patients. The association between biofilm production and multidrug resistance among uropathogens was found statistically non-significant (p-value>0.05). The MBEC values of biofilm phase of growth were found to be greater than the MIC values for their planktonic counterparts. The MBEC values ranged from 4 to more than1024 μg/ml whereas the MIC values ranged from 0.003-16 μg/ml.
Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that biofilm detection is a critical step to fight against biofilm-involved infections. However, further studies are needed for the development of effective preventive and treatment strategies of biofilm associated UTIs to avoid recurrence and persistence.
Qualitative analysis of milk available in local market of Janakpurdham, Nepal
Authors: Yadav N.P. , Yadav R.K. , Pokhrel B. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: To determine the microbial quality of milk available in market of Janakpurdham, Nepal.
Methods: Total 20 samples of milk were collected aseptically from the market and processed for MBRT test as per standard protocol given in a monograph. Reduction time test for each sample of the milk was recorded in a specified format and analysed statistically.
Result: Out of 20 samples, 2 (10%) samples were found excellent quality, 3 (15%) were of good quality, 6 (30%) were of fair quality and 9 (45%) were of poor quality. Among these 20 samples, 6 samples were of processed milk, 5 samples were of unprocessed/raw milk and 9 samples were of DDC milk. Unprocessed milk was found to be highly contaminated in comparison to the processed milk.
Conclusion: Unprocessed milk was found to be highly contaminated and not fi t for the human consumption.
The one-dimensional harmonic oscillator damped with Caldirola-Kanai Hamiltonian
Authors: Segovia-Chaves Francis 
Published: February 2019

In this paper, the solution to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator damped with the Caldirola-Kanai model is presented. Making use of a canonical transformation, we calculate the Hamilton characteristic function. It was found that the position of the oscillator shows an exponential decay similar to that of the oscillator with damping where the decay is more pronounced when increasing the damping constant γ. It is shown that when γ = 0, the behavior is of an oscillator with simple harmonic motion. However, unlike the damped harmonic oscillator where the linear momentum decays with time, in the case of the oscillator with the Caldirola-KanaiHamiltonian, the momentum increases as time increases due to an exponential growth of the mass m(t) = meγt.
VARIAÇÕES NA COMPOSIÇÃO FLORÍSTICA EM FLORESTA ESTACIONAL SEMIDECIDUAL EM CURVELO-MG
Authors: Silva Leovandes Soares da , Costa Thais Ribeiro , Vieira Arthur Duarte , Franco Stênio Abdanur Porfírio , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça 
Published: February 2019

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as mudanças na composição florística em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. No primeiro inventário realizado em 2011 foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 10 ×40 m. Foram mensurados todos os indivíduos vivos com diâmetro a altura do peito ≥ 5cm. O segundo inventário foi realizado em 2015, utilizando-se os mesmos critérios do inventário anterior, assim, foram incorporados os novos indivíduos (recrutas) que atingiram o diâmetro mínimo de inclusão. O correram mudanças na composição florística, a mortalidade dos indivíduos foi superior ao recrutamento, houve perda de cinco espécies e incremento de duas espécies. O número de espécies e a densidade dos indivíduos variaram com o tempo. As espécies que desapareceram eram representadas por poucos indivíduos. A perda de espécies refletiu no índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e equabilidade de Pielou, (H’passou de 4,05 para 3,99 e equabilidade de Pielou J’ de 0,83 para 0,82), no primeiro e segundo inventário respectivamente, mesmo assim, os valores apontam para uma diversidade florística elevada. As mudanças na composição florística não foram significativas, a perda de espécies teve relação com as menos representativas em número de indivíduos, entre os inventários a floresta se manteve estável.Palavras-chave: mortalidade, recrutamento, sucessão ecológica. VARIATIONS IN THE FLORISTIC COMPOSITION IN SEASONAL SEMIDECIDAL FORESTS IN CURVELO-MG ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in floristic composition in a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest. In the first inventory carried out in 2011, 25 plots of 10 × 40m were allocated. All living individuals with a breast height diameter ≥5 cmwere measured. The second inventory was carried out in 2015, using the same criteria of the previous inventory, thus, were incorporated the new individuals (recruits) that reached the minimum diameter of inclusion. The floristic composition changes, the mortality of the individuals was superior to the recruitment, there were loss of five species and increase of two species. The number of species and the density of individuals varied over time. The species that disappeared were represented by few individuals. The loss of species reflected in the diversity index of Shannon (H ') and Pielou equability, (H' went from 4.05 to 3.99 and Pielou J 'equability from 0.83 to 0.82), in the first and second inventory respectively, even so, the values point to a high floristic diversity. The changes in floristic composition were not significant, the loss of species was related to the less representative in number of individuals, among the inventories the forest remained stable.Keywords: mortality, recruitment, ecological succession.
MAPEANDO USOS/COBERTURAS DA TERRA COM Semi-automatic Classification Plugin: QUAIS DADOS, CLASSIFICADOR E ESTRATÉGIA AMOSTRAL?
Authors: Pereira Luís Flávio , Guimarães Ricardo Morato Fiúza 
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho teve como objetivo sugerir diretrizes para melhor mapear usos da terra usando o complemento Semi-automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) para QGIS, destacando-se quais os melhores conjuntos de dados, classificadores e estratégias amostrais para treinamento. Foram combinados quatro conjuntos de dados derivados de imagem Sentinel 2A, três classificadores disponíveis no SCP, e duas estratégias amostrais: amostras de treinamento (ROI’s) separadas ou dissolvidas em uma única amostra, obtendo-se 24 tratamentos. Os tratamentos foram avaliados quanto à acurácia (coeficiente Kappa), qualidade visual do mapa final e tempo de processamento. Os resultados mostraram que: (1) o SCP é adequado para mapear usos da terra; (2) quanto maior o conjunto de dados, melhor o desempenho do classificador; e (3) a utilização de ROI’s dissolvidas sempre diminui o tempo de processamento, mas apresenta efeito ambíguo sobre os diferentes classificadores. Para melhores resultados, recomenda-se a aplicação do classificador Maximum Likelihood sobre o maior conjunto de dados disponível, utilizando-se amostras de treinamento coletadas contemplando todas as variações intraclasse, e posteriormente dissolvidas em uma única ROI.Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, amostras de treinamento, QGIS, Sentinel 2A,MAPPING LAND USES/COVERS WITH SEMI-AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION PLUGIN: WHICH DATA SET, CLASSIFIER AND SAMPLING DESIGN? ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to suggest guidelines to better map land uses using the Semi-automatic Classification Plugin (SCP) for QGIS, highlighting which the best data sets, classifiers and training sampling designs. Four data sets from a Sentinel 2A image were combined with three classifiers available in the SCP, and two sampling designs: separate or dissolved training samples (ROI's) in a single sample, obtaining 24 treatments. The treatments were evaluated regarding the accuracy (Kappa coefficient), visual quality of the final map and processing time. The results suggest that: (1) the SCP is suitable to map land uses; (2) the larger the data set, the better the classifier performance; and (3) the use of dissolved ROI always decreases processing time, but has an ambiguous effect on the different classifiers. In order to get better results, we recommend to apply the Maximum Likelihood classifier on the largest data set available, using training samples that cover all possible intraclass variations, subsequently dissolved in a single ROI.Keywords: remote sensing, training samples, QGIS, Sentinel 2A.
Do relationship transitions affect body weight? Evidence from German longitudinal data
Authors: Huyer-May Bernadette 
Published: February 2019

Despite a considerable amount of empirical studies it is still unclear if changes in union status affect body weight. Using data from the first seven waves of the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) project, the current study aims to discover if changes in relationship status lead to changes in body weight considering multiple union transitions with fixed-effects panel regression estimations. Results show that women lose weight within the first year of a relationship, and then gain weight after entering into a non-married cohabiting relationship. Men tend to gain weight from the beginning of the partnership. The results clearly show that the transition from non-married cohabitation to marriage has no significant effect on body weight.
Zusammenfassung
Trotz zahlreicher Studien gibt es derzeit immer noch keine gesicherten Erkenntnisse darüber, inwieweit partnerschaftliche Veränderungen Einfluss auf das Körpergewicht haben. Basierend auf den Daten der ersten sieben Wellen des deutschen Panels Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) hat diese Studie das Ziel herauszufinden, ob Veränderungen des Beziehungsstatus zu einer Veränderung des Körpergewichts führen. Dabei werden verschiedene partnerschaftliche Übergänge mit Fixed-Effect Panel Regressionen betrachtet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Frauen in dem ersten Jahr ihrer Beziehung Gewicht verlieren, dann aber an Gewicht zunehmen, wenn sie mit ihrem Partner zusammen ziehen. Männer hingegen tendieren von Beginn an ihrer Beziehung zu einer Gewichtszunahme. Die Ergebnisse zeigen deutlich, dass der Übergang von einer nicht-ehelichen Lebensgemeinschaft zur Ehe keinen Effekt auf das Körpergewicht hat.
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH INDUSTRI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI (PDRB) DI PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Hapsari Indri 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan jangka panjang untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh nilai tambah industri terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara Metode penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa literature maupun dokumentasi dengan responden instansi terkait pada kantor BPS Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dan data sekunder berupa data runtun waktu (time series) mengenai nilai tambah industri dan pertumbuhan ekonomi (PDRB) dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Pengujian menggunakan uji t-statistik dengan menggunakan software program SPSS 16. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Nilai Tambah Industri berpengaruh negatif hal ini menunjukkan belum mampu meningkatkan PDRB di provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara.
Analisis Pengaruh Struktur Modal, dan Likuiditas terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Sektor Otomotif di indonesia
Authors: Prabowo Richky , Sutanto Aftoni 
Published: February 2019

This study is aims to determine the effect of capital structure and liquidity on profitability in automotive sector companies in Indonesia.This research is a non-participant observation research using quantitative data from secondary party as its instrument. The population in this research is automotive sector company in Indonesia.The capital structure variable in this study is measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), the liquidity variable is measured by Current Ratio (CR), and the profitability variable is measured by Return on Assets (ROA).The sampling technique on this research is using Purposive Sampling, that is a sample determination technique using certain consideration. The sample used in this research is 11 companies. Observation period of this research is from 2012 to 2016.The classical assumption test of the instrument is using the test of normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple regression analysis technique.The results showed that the variable of DER (X1) has a significant effect on ROA (Y) in automotive companies in Indonesia. CR (X2) variable has a significant effect to ROA (Y) in automotive company in Indonesia. Then DER (X1) and CR (X2) this two variable both together have a significant effect on dependent variable of ROA (Y) on automotive company in Indonesia.
SPIRIT OF NOAH : MEMAKNAI ULANG SEMANGAT KENABIAN DALAM ALKITAB MELALUI KARYA SENI RUPA
Authors: Sitompul Theresia Agustina 
Published: February 2019

<p><em>In the legend of Noah's Ark, God punished one whole generation of Noah who were wicked and defying God by sending a natural disaster in the form of the Great Flood, destroying the nature. Noah was commanded to build an ark (medium) to save himself, his family, and his followers, also all kind of animals in pairs; to save a generation of life that later will create a new civilization and culture in a new area or location. The legend of Noah's Ark can be found in almost every holy book of divine religions where the story conveys the message of a life-cycle and how we learn about the meaning of life.</em></p><p><em>Associating the story with our current lives, Noah's Ark has two concepts of interpretation; in the context of salvation and at the same time as a mediation space of the birth of a new culture. How human save themselves from their worldly problems, and at the same time a mediation space, a shifting space from the old culture into the new culture. These two concepts of Noah's Ark are the background and the base this creation for the writer.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords :</em></strong><strong> <em>Spirit of Noah, graphic art, hermeneutika</em>.</strong></p>