bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Appointment as Professor of Zsigmond Purjesz and his Decorations. A Centennial Commemoration
Authors: György Gaal 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Zsigmond Purjesz (1846–1918) was born at Szentes (Hungary), and he became MD at Budapest in 1870. In 1880 he applied for and won by competition the professor’s chair of Internal Medicine at Cluj/Kolozsvár University. He taught there for three decades, and founded a medical school. In 1911 he retired and moved to Budapest. According to his wish, he was buried at Kolozsvár.
The first part of our study presents the preliminaries of Purjesz’s appointment to Kolozsvár, based on the documents of the Kolozsvár Medical Faculty kept in the State Archives at Marosvásárhely/Târgu Mureş. Endre Takács from Budapest and Ignác Büchler from Kolozsvár were the other two applicants. A board of three university professors proposed Purjesz on the first, Takács on the second and Büchler on the third place to be appointed as professor. On ministerial proposal the king decided to appoint Purjesz on the 2nd of May, 1880.
In the second part of the study we take into account the recognitions and decorations Purjesz got. In 1893 for his activity during the cholera epidemic he was awarded with the Iron-Crown Order, 3rd class. In 1901 he got the title of Court councilor, which implied the form of address “Right Honorable”. In 1906 at the 25th anniversary of his professorship his students and colleagues compiled a memorial volume dedicated to him. In 1910 the Royal City of Kolozsvár declared him Honorary Citizen. Following his retirement his bust made by György Vastagh was unveiled at the courtyard of the hospital. In 1911, the king recognizing his healing and teaching activity raised him to the rank of Hungarian nobility.
Correlation between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms, antiepileptic drug concentrations and treatment response
Authors: Sabin Octavia , Bocșan Ioana Corina , Trifa Adrian , Major Zoltan Zsigmond , Heghes Simona Codruta , Bota Emanuela Brusturean , Buzoianu Anca Dana 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: A possible molecular mechanism of clinically defined multidrug-resistant epilepsy involves drug efflux transporters such as P glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B1 (ABCB1). We have investigated the prevalence of the C3435T, G 2677T/A, and T129C single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of MDR1 gene, in Romanian epileptic patients.
Methods: 70 epileptic patients evaluated in the Neurology Department of Cluj County Hospital were included in the study. The response to treatment was assessed by reviewing the seizure diaries and the patients were classified as responders or non-responders. Antiepileptic drug (AED) plasmatic concentrations were measured and the patients were divided into 2 groups: first group with AED concentrations in therapeutic range and the second one with sub-optimal AED concentrations. Genotyping the DNA samples, we investigated MDR1 gene polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results were expressed as genotype and allele frequencies per response group and compared between subgroups.
Results: 33 patients (47.14%) were classified as responders, while the remaining 37 patients (52.86%) were classified as non-responders. A comparison of responders and non-responders revealed no significant difference in genotype frequency for any of the three mutations studied. The CT heterozygote for ABCB1 T129C had significantly lower AED concentrations (p=0.041), with no significant difference for the other polymorphisms studied.
Conclusions: In our study we found an association of CT variant in ABCB1 C129T with lower AED plasmatic concentrations and no association between ABCB1 variants and the drug responsiveness.
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence of Safety of Antiviral Drug with Immunomodulatory Activity
Authors: Borovskaya Tatiana Gennadievna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Antiviral drug Kagocel is widely used in Russia for prevention and treatment of acute respiratory infection, influenza, and herpes. The drug belongs to the group of interferon inductors. The article contains the review and analytical evaluation of safety of antiviral drug Kagocel. Kagocel is registered in the Russian Federation and some CIS countries and refers to the group of interferon inducers. This is a chemical compound of carboxymethyl cellulose and low-molecular natural polyphenol gossypol common in cotton-plant (Gossypium spp.) which protects the plant from depredators and diseases. Authors pay a special attention to the analysis and generalization of data from preclinical and clinical studies including the control of related substances. Absence of free gossypol impurities guaranteed by highly sensitive and specific quality control methods. Preclinical studies data was analyzed and the results were presented with focus on reproductive safety of Kagocel® in immature and mature animals.. No negative effect on animals’ reproductive function was revealed including spermatogenesis and generative function. No long-term product effect on reproductive system or next generations of animals was recorded both at therapeutic doses and at doses 10 times their exceeding. The safety of the drug demonstrated on data obtained from numerous clinical trials, including those involving children aged 2 years and older. Th is confirms the safety of antiviral drug Kagocel usage in clinical practice, including pediatrics.
Practicing the Skill of Mediation in English for Legal Purposes
Authors: Chovancová Barbora 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article deals with mediation in language teaching, focusing on how the practice of mediation – as a specific language skill – can be incorporated in the syllabus. The chapter defines the skill of mediation as an emerging concept in language education, and discusses its potential for effective teaching of English for Specific Purposes in general and English for Legal Purposes in particular. The first part of the text seeks to answer several questions, aiming to determine whether mediation is relevant in the context of legal practice and whether it has a place in an English for Law syllabus. The second part addresses a more practical concern of how the skill of mediation can be practiced by students. The article makes a case for assigning mediation a much more central place in the classroom, giving a number of specific examples of how this soft skill can be developed in the teaching of ESP and ELP.
Shall We Teachs Shall: A Systematic Step-By-Step Approach
Authors: Klabal Ondřej 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses the status of shall in today’s legal drafting and legal translation, and by presenting typologies by a number of authors briefly addresses the variety of meanings it is used to express, in both legislation and contracts. It introduces the “shall dilemma” faced by non-native legal translators working both from and into English. The dilemma consists in the discrepancy between the promiscuous and abundant use of shall in authentic as well as translated documents, on the one hand, and the recommendations found in various drafting manuals promoting either a shall-free policy or a disciplined use of shall, on the other hand. The research part presents the results of a survey carried out among a carefully chosen sample of professional legal translators to determine what their policy is on the use of shall. The results include both quantitative findings and additional comments made by the translators, and confirms the divide between actual practice and the recommendations. In the next section of the paper, the results are applied and a series of step-by-step exercises are introduced which should raise the awareness of legal translation trainees of the ambiguity of shall and teach them to use it in a reasoned and disciplined way.
Sampling bias in presence-only data used for species distribution modelling: theory and methods for detecting sample bias and its effects on models
Authors: Støa Bente , Halvorsen Rune , Mazzoni Sabrina , Gusarov Vladimir I. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical understanding of sampling bias in presence-only data in the context of species distribution modelling. This understanding forms the basis for two integrated frameworks, one for detecting sampling bias of different kinds in presence-only data (the bias assessment framework) and one for assessing potential effects of sampling bias on species distribution models (the bias effects framework). We exemplify the use of these frameworks to museum data for nine insect species in Norway, for which the distribution along the two main bioclimatic gradients (related to oceanicity and temperatures) are modelled using the MaxEnt method. Models of different complexity (achieved by use of two different model selection procedures that represent spatial prediction or ecological response modelling purposes, respectively) were generated with different types of background data (uninformed and background-target-group [BTG]). The bias assessment framework made use of comparisons between observed and theoretical frequency-of-presence (FoP) curves, obtained separately for each combination of species and bioclimatic predictor, to identify potential sampling bias. The bias effects framework made use of comparisons between modelled response curves (predicted relative FoP curves) and the corresponding observed FoP curves for each combination of species and predictor. The extent to which the observed FoP curves deviated from the expected, smooth and unimodal theoretical FoP curve, varied considerably among the nine insect species. Among-curve differences were, in most cases, interpreted as indications of sampling bias. Using BTG-type background data in many cases introduced strong sampling bias. The predicted relative FoP curves from MaxEnt were, in general, similar to the corresponding observed FoP curves. This indicates that the main structure of the data-sets were adequately summarised by the MaxEnt models (with the options and settings used), in turn suggesting that shortcomings of input data such as sampling bias or omission of important predictors may overshadow the effect of modelling method on the predictive performance of distribution models. The examples indicate that the two proposed frameworks are useful for identification of sampling bias in presence-only data and for choosing settings for distribution modelling options such as the method for extraction of background data points and determining the appropriate level of model complexity.
Diet of boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) in lowlands of north-eastern Poland
Authors: Tumiel Tomasz , Mirski Paweł 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although studies on many owl species diets are common, there are only scarce data on the diet of the boreal owl from the lowlands of Eastern Europe. We have therefore studied its diet in one of the most important Polish population areas, the Knyszyńska Forest (north-eastern Poland). Pellets were gathered between February and June in 2006, 2012–2016 from tree hollows and the ground underneath. Altogether 178 pellets and six sets of pellet fragments were collected from 19 different sites. Eight mammal and eight bird species were identified among the 213 prey items found in the gathered material. Small mammals dominated, both in prey number (88.3%) and biomass (85.1%). Bank vole proved to be the main prey (over 40% of prey numbers), while Microtus voles (27.3%), small passerine birds (11.7%) and shrews (7.5%) were important alternative prey. Diet range proved to be similar to other sites in Europe.
“Me no repent yet”: Estrategias para la traducción del inglés jamaicano en Breve historia de siete asesinatos de Marlon James
Authors: Sanz Jiménez Miguel 
Published: October 2018

Resumen:Breve historia de siete asesinatos, de Marlon James, es una novela polifónica que refleja la variedad lingüística de sus protagonistas y narradores. En particular, las desviaciones de la norma estándar que supone el inglés jamaicano se marcan mediante la técnica denominada eye dialect. En este trabajo se estudian los rasgos de esta variedad que figuran en la novela, las distintas estrategias para traducir el dialecto en textos literarios y las prácticas editoriales respecto a este problema para después analizar el caso concreto de la versión española de la novela de James. Abstract:A Brief History of Seven Killings, by Marlon James, is a polyphonic novel that depicts the linguistic varieties spoken by its main characters and narrators. Particularly, it uses eye dialect to portray the deviations from the standard norm that Jamaican English represents. This paper studies the features of this variety that come up in the novel, as well as different strategies for translating dialect in literary texts, and publishing companies’ policies regarding this issue. Ultimately, the Spanish version of James’s novel will be analyzed according to these strategies
PENGARUH MOTIVASI SISWA DAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PKn SISWA
Authors: Wiyono Teguh 
Published: October 2018

<p class="E-JOURNALAbstractBody"><span lang="IN">Penelitian i</span>ni bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh motivasi siswa dan kreativitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar PKn siswa. <span lang="IN">Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian survey yang berproses kuantitatif dengan pendekatan eksplanasi asosiatif kausal, melalui sampel acak sebanyak 30 responden siswa kelas XI dari populasi sebanyak 140 siswa kelas XI SMK Swasta Di Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor.</span> Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Motivasi Siswa dan kreativitas belajar secara bersama-sama berpengaruh cukup terhadap Hasil Belajar di SMK Swasta di Kecamatan Cibinong Kabupaten Bogor, dengan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,723. Besarnya pengaruh motivasi siswa dan kreativitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa yakni mencapai sekitar 52,20%. Melihat besarnya pengaruh motivasi siswa dan kreatifitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar maka guru dan orang tua hendaknaya selalu memotivasi siswa dan memacu kreatifitasnya dalam belajar guna meningkatkan hasil belajarnya.</p>
PENGARUH MODEL PBM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PPKn TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN SIKAP DEMOKRATIS
Authors: Ulfa Risti Aulia , Prasetyo Danang , Marzuki Marzuki 
Published: October 2018

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan (2) pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap sikap demokratis bagi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran PPKn di SMK Negeri 1 Magelang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian <em>quasi experiment.</em> Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis dan angket sikap demokratis<em>. </em>Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik dalam pembelajaran PPKn di SMK Negeri 1 Magelang pada Kompetensi Dasar menganalisis kasus pelanggaran hak dan pengingkaran kewajiban sebagai warga negara, yang terbukti nilai t hitung &gt; t tabel pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 (2,557&gt; 2,000). (2) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap sikap demokratis peserta didik dalam pembelajaran PPKn di SMK Negeri 1 Magelang pada Kompetensi Dasar menganalisis kasus pelanggaran hak dan pengingkaran kewajiban sebagai warga negara, yang terbukti nilai t hitung &gt; dari t tabel pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05 (5,332&gt; 2,000).</p>
Mulher, operária:
Authors: Luz Rodrigues José Ivanilson 
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo debruça-se sobre o construto circundante à ocupação feminina do espaço público do trabalho em uma capital da Amazônia na primeira metade do decênio de 1930, para tanto, fundamentamos a análise das fontes (jornais da época e documentação alocada no Arquivo Público do Estado do Pará - APEP) nas premissas de Joana M. Pedro e Margareth Rago, acerca do uso da categoria gênero na historiografia; Pierre Bourdieu, quanto à dominação masculina; Roger Chartier, no que tange à representação social, entre outros. Nossa pesquisa constatou o avanço da mulher na ocupação do espaço público do trabalho, as tensões, solidariedades e desigualdades com o elemento masculino, e entre as próprias mulheres, o apelo moral quanto ao trabalho feminino noturno e os assédios dentro e fora dos ambientes de labuta. Um diálogo fecundo com a atmosfera social própria do contexto político-cultural no qual estavam insertas: aproximação e distanciamento entre operárias e feministas, conquista de direitos, conflitos e mazelas tangenciadoras à condição de mulher, de operária.
A corte itinerante:
Authors: Dantas de Sá Almeida Scarlett 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar festividades de corte ocorridas durante a Baixa Idade Média, em Castela, registradas por Pedro Carrillo de Huete e pelo bispo Lope de Barrientos na Crónica del Halconero de Juan II, no século XV. Com base na reconfiguração frequente dos espaços de corte, na presença de diversos personagens nestes rituais e na maneira como eles se comportam, constata-se que o poder político da corte régia não está concentrado somente na figura do monarca e tampouco se estabelece numa relação de assimetria com os outros senhores e suas respectivas cortes. A leitura da fonte permite constatar a existência de um poder político que é exercido numa dinâmica espacial múltipla, orgânica e dependente do prestígio obtido na participação nas cerimônias de uma corte com características itinerantes.
Apontamentos analíticos sobre a relação intelectual de Machado de Assis com o tempo
Authors: Palermo Luis Cláudio 
Published: October 2018

O tema deste artigo é o intelectual, crítico e literato Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, tendo como foco parcela de sua produção intelectual na modernidade brasileira. A questão que motivou esse trabalho é analisar a relação de Machado com o tempo, a partir de “Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas” e de alguns de seus textos de crítica. A base metodológica primordial assenta-se no cruzamento entre a interpretação de textos desse intelectual e algumas referências teóricas que pensam o tempo histórico não como um constructo meramente natural, mas que interessa à vida humana. O argumento desenvolvido é que esse intelectual tem uma visão ímpar sobre a estética literária e sobre as ideias modernas que chegavam ao Brasil oitocentista. Ademais, argumenta-se que essa visão machadiana permite identificar e perceber nele uma operacionalização não trivial da noção de tempo. Assim, ele não valoriza excessivamente nem uma perspectiva natural nem meramente nacionalista do tempo. Portanto, a linha de raciocínio desenvolvida no artigo é substancializada pela identificação da presença da subjetividade na forma de Machado de Assis lidar com o tempo, pela importância do momento presente na reflexão dele sobre o tempo e por uma noção de processo que lhe confere um refinamento intelectual singular.
Leo Putz:
Authors: Vianna Neto Liszt 
Published: October 2018

Tratando-se da História Social da Arte no século XX, é notável a contribuição dos imigrados de língua alemã nas Américas do período entreguerras. Emigrando para o Brasil em busca de um “paraíso perdido”, Leo Putz se destaca das matrizes artísticas predominantes no Brasil na Era Vargas. Junto a outros imigrados, Putz integrou a nova geração de professores da Escola Nacional de Belas Arte que, sob a direção de Lúcio Costa, conduziram a guinada modernista da instituição. Subitamente, o nome de Putz despontou nos jornais em meio a ataques de cunho nacionalista e contra direção modernizante de Costa. As obras de Putz, no entanto, demostram franca aproximação entre o debate artístico nacional e a sociedade e natureza brasileira, ainda que pautadas no exotismo. Sua viagem de apenas alguns meses durou anos, e Putz emigrou novamente para a Alemanha em 1933, em meio ao turbilhão nacional-socialista. Até sua morte em 1940, Putz viveu anos de duro ostracismo. Seus compatriotas no Brasil, no entanto, não viveram anos menos difíceis após a eclosão da Segunda Guerra Mundial, sendo alvo de toda sorte de perseguição durante o Estado Novo.
Pengaruh Normalisasi Teks Dengan Text Expansion Dalam Deteksi Komentar Spam Pada Youtube
Authors: Thoib Imam , Setyanto Arief , Raharjo Suwanto 
Published: October 2018

Popularitas Youtube sebagai website berbagi video terbesar di dunia memberikan celah kepada spammer untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dari Youtube dengan cara yang ilegal. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan adalah melakukan komentar spam pada video-video yang ada di Youtube. Komentar spam menjadi hal yang sangat meresahkan pemilik channel. Varian komentar spam kian banyak dan menyulitkan untuk dideteksi oleh Youtube. Peneliti melakukan evaluasi beberapa metode klasifikasi dengan menerapkan normalisasi teks pada tahap praproses menggunakan metode TextExpansion untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Dataset yang diuji adalah dataset Youtube Spam Collections dari UCI Machine Learning Library yang terdiri dari 5 dataset dari komentar yang diekstrak dari video Psy, Katy Perry, LMFAO, Eminem dan Shakira. Dataset terdiri dari 1005 komentar spam dan 951 komentar bukan spam. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan TextExpansion mampu menghasilkan nilai akurasi tertinggi 90.23%. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan metode TextExpansion, peneliti melakukan uji beda t-test pada setiap dataset. Hasil uji beda t-test pada setiap dataset menunjukkan nilai P(T<=t) two-tail < 0.05 yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan setelah diterapkan normalisasi teks menggunkan metode TextExpansion.
Ability of Ornamental Plants in Adsorbing Dust from Vehicles (Case Study: Bumi Serpong Damai)
Authors: Effendy Sobri , Suchesdian Nadita Zairina , Qayim Ibnul 
Published: October 2018

<p style="margin-bottom: 0.35cm; line-height: 115%;" align="justify">This research measured several vegetations that were planted in Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang to absorb dust pollutions produced by vehicles. The locations for monitoring were divided based on traffic levels: high, medium and low. We measured the pollution based on two approaches i.e. measuring every four hours and a daily measurement. Based on our monitoring, each species will have different feedbacks to dust pollution at various traffic conditions. We found that species of <em>Heliconia</em> was able to absorb the dust at the top for high traffic condition, whereas Kaca Piring is effective for medium traffic. Our findings revealed that monitoring dust should be frequent at least four hours/day, and selection of species for reducing dust pollution should consider the leave structure. </p>