bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buccal Fat Pad Excision: Hydrodissection Technique
Authors: Valencia Luis C , Pérez Giovanny F , Kaplan Jordan , Fernández-Riera Ricardo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Buccal fat pad (BFP) excision is a procedure in which the fat pad is extracted in order to achieve a more youthful appearance.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe an alternative technique that utilizes hydrodissection to extract the BFP.

Methods
This is a controlled, prospective, randomized clinical study involving 2 groups. Group A (n = 27) underwent BFP excision with hydrodissection, during which 15 mL of a vasoconstricting anesthetic solution was injected into the BFP. Group B (n = 27) underwent BFP excision, during which 3 mL of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine was injected. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. Variables analyzed were surgical time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative pain directly following surgery 2 hours after the procedure, as well as maximum pain within 72 hours of surgery and complications. Postoperative care was standardized, and patient follow-up extended over a 6-month period.

Results
Pain scores for 54 patients were recorded on a visual analog scale (0–10). Mean ± standard deviation transoperative pain scores were 0.5 ± 0.8 for Group A and 1.3 ± 1.3 for Group B (P = 0.01); 2 hours postoperation the scores were 1.2 ± 0.7 for Group A and 2.6 ± 1 for Group B (P &lt; 0.0001). Maximum pain occurred within 72 hours, and scored 1.6 ± 0.6 for Group A and 3.1 ± 1 for Group B (P &lt; 0.0001). Mean operative time was 8:18 ± 0:47 minutes for Group A and 14:08 ± 2:28 minutes for Group B (P &lt; 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between operative time and pain. Overall, 5.5% of patients suffered postoperative complications.

Conclusions
BFP excision by hydrodissection is an effective procedure that decreases surgical times by facilitating extraction of the BFP with less manipulation, thereby resulting in decreased postoperative pain and a more tolerable recovery.

Level of Evidence: 2
DeepAffinity: interpretable deep learning of compound–protein affinity through unified recurrent and convolutional neural networks
Authors: Karimi Mostafa , Wu Di , Wang Zhangyang , Shen Yang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Drug discovery demands rapid quantification of compound–protein interaction (CPI). However, there is a lack of methods that can predict compound–protein affinity from sequences alone with high applicability, accuracy and interpretability.

Results
We present a seamless integration of domain knowledges and learning-based approaches. Under novel representations of structurally annotated protein sequences, a semi-supervised deep learning model that unifies recurrent and convolutional neural networks has been proposed to exploit both unlabeled and labeled data, for jointly encoding molecular representations and predicting affinities. Our representations and models outperform conventional options in achieving relative error in IC50 within 5-fold for test cases and 20-fold for protein classes not included for training. Performances for new protein classes with few labeled data are further improved by transfer learning. Furthermore, separate and joint attention mechanisms are developed and embedded to our model to add to its interpretability, as illustrated in case studies for predicting and explaining selective drug–target interactions. Lastly, alternative representations using protein sequences or compound graphs and a unified RNN/GCNN-CNN model using graph CNN (GCNN) are also explored to reveal algorithmic challenges ahead.

Availability and implementation
Data and source codes are available at https://github.com/Shen-Lab/DeepAffinity.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BioKEEN: a library for learning and evaluating biological knowledge graph embeddings
Authors: Ali Mehdi , Hoyt Charles Tapley , Domingo-Fernández Daniel , Lehmann Jens , Jabeen Hajira 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Summary
Knowledge graph embeddings (KGEs) have received significant attention in other domains due to their ability to predict links and create dense representations for graphs’ nodes and edges. However, the software ecosystem for their application to bioinformatics remains limited and inaccessible for users without expertise in programing and machine learning. Therefore, we developed BioKEEN (Biological KnowlEdge EmbeddiNgs) and PyKEEN (Python KnowlEdge EmbeddiNgs) to facilitate their easy use through an interactive command line interface. Finally, we present a case study in which we used a novel biological pathway mapping resource to predict links that represent pathway crosstalks and hierarchies.

Availability and implementation
BioKEEN and PyKEEN are open source Python packages publicly available under the MIT License at https://github.com/SmartDataAnalytics/BioKEEN and https://github.com/SmartDataAnalytics/PyKEEN

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gp49B is a pathogenic marker for auto-antibody-producing plasma cells in lupus-prone BXSB/Yaamice
Authors: Wong Yi Li , Su Mei-Tzu , Sugahara-Tobinai Akiko , Itoi So , Kezuka Dai , Endo Shota , Inui Masanori , Takai Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbstractImmune homeostasis is critically regulated by the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors expressed on various immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, and myeloid cells. The inhibitory receptors play a fundamental role in the immune checkpoint pathway, thus maintaining peripheral tolerance. We recently found that expression of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR)B4, an inhibitory member of the human LILR family, is augmented in auto-antibody-producing plasmablasts/plasma cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, the mechanism behind the ‘paradoxical’ up-regulation of this inhibitory receptor upon pathogenic antibody-secreting cells is yet to be known. To this end, in this study, we examined if glycoprotein 49B (gp49B), the murine counterpart of human LILRB4, is also elevated in auto-antibody-producing cells in several SLE mouse models, and tried to clarify the underlying mechanism. We found that gp49B is expressed on plasma cells of lupus-prone models but not of healthy C57BL/6 mice, and the level was positively correlated to the anti-double-stranded DNA IgG titer in serum. Gp49B genetic deletion, however, did not abolish the serum auto-antibodies or fully ameliorate the lethal glomerulonephritis, indicating that gp49B is not the sole regulator of lupus but a pathogenic element in the disease. We conclude that the elevated expression of this inhibitory receptor on pathogenic plasma cells was also relevant upon the murine SLE model. The mechanism of gp49B underlying the disease progression in lupus-prone mice has been discussed.
A Microsatellite Multiplex Assay for Profiling Pig DNA in Mosquito Bloodmeals
Authors: Keven John B , Walker Edward D , Venta Patrick J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Genetic profiling has been used to link mosquito bloodmeals to the individual humans, but this analysis has not been done for other mammalian bloodmeals. In this study, we describe a microsatellite-based method for identifying individual pigs in mosquito bloodmeals based on their unique multilocus genotypes. Eleven tetranucleotide microsatellites and a sex-specific marker were selected based on Smith-Waterman DNA sequence alignment scores from the reference genome and primers were designed with features that reduce primer dimers, promote complete adenylation, and enable fluorescent labeling of amplicons. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was optimized and validated by analyzing DNA of individual pigs from several nuclear families and breeds before it was used to analyze genomic DNA of pig-derived mosquito bloodmeals from villages of Papua New Guinea. Population analysis of the nuclear families showed high expected and observed heterozygosity. The probability of observing two unrelated or sibling individuals sharing the same genotype at a single microsatellite locus or a combination of loci was vanishingly low. Samples had unique genotypes and gender was accurately predicted. Analysis of 129 pig bloodmeals identified 19 unique genotypes, which varied greatly in frequency in the mosquito bloodmeal samples. The high allelic diversity of the microsatellite loci and low probability of false attribution of identity show that this genotyping method reliably distinguishes distantly and closely related pigs and can be used to identify individual pigs from genotyped mosquito bloodmeals.
Dexmedetomidine as a Part of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery in Patients With Preeclampsia: A Randomized Double-blinded Trial
Authors: Eskandr A.M. , Metwally A.A. , Ahmed A.A. , Elfeky E.M. , Eldesoky I.M. , Obada M.A. , Abd-Elmegid O.A. 
Published: February 2019

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35:372–378)
In patients with preeclampsia, endotracheal intubation during the induction of general anesthesia causes stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and catecholamine release, leading to maternal hypertension and tachycardia that could contribute to maternal and neonatal complications. A variety of sedative and opioid drugs have been used in an attempt to blunt this stress response during endotracheal intubation. However, these drugs cross the uteroplacental barrier, and may affect the fetus. Therefore, the search for a drug that has minimal placental transfer to the fetus while also inhibiting the stress response to intubation has led to increasing use of α2 adrenergic agonists such as dexmedetomidine. The current randomized, double-blind, controlled study investigated the use of 2 different doses of dexmedetomidine (0.4 and 0.6 μg/kg) as part of a general anesthetic for patients with preeclampsia undergoing cesarean delivery. The effects of dexmedetomidine on the intubation-related stress response, intraoperative hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia, and fetal outcome were assessed.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting the Severity of Abnormal Invasive Placenta: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Familiari A. , Liberati M. , Lim P. , Pagani G. , Cali G. , Buca D. , Manzoli L. , Flacco M.E. , Scambia G. , D’antonio F. 
Published: February 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:507–520)
As cesarean delivery rates have increased in many countries, a marked rise in the prevalence of abnormal invasive placenta (AIP) has also occurred. Accurate prenatal diagnosis of AIP can significantly reduce maternal morbidity associated with this disorder by allowing for preoperative planning of obstetric and anesthetic management. Ultrasound is considered the primary tool to diagnose AIP; but in cases where ultrasound examination is inconclusive, prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be performed. The current authors have previously found MRI to have good diagnostic accuracy for identifying AIP based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken with the primary aim of evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of prenatal MRI for detecting the severity of AIP, as determined by the depth and topography of placental invasion, in women with risk factors for AIP. The secondary goal of the study was to evaluate individual MRI signs for their predictive accuracy is assessing AIP severity.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Do the Benefits Outweigh the Risks?
Authors: Kwong W. , Tomlinson G. , Feig D.S. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218(6):573–580)
As obesity rates rise, rates of pregnant women who are overweight or obese have increased. Obesity is associated with adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes, including gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and increased risk of cesarean delivery. Weight loss before pregnancy is recommended to prevent these risks. With an increase in the number of reproductive-age women undergoing bariatric surgery, this study aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of bariatric surgery on obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Improving Anesthesia Safety in Low-resource Settings
Authors: Khan F.A. , Merry A.F. 
Published: February 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2018;126(4):1312–1320)
Over the last century, anesthesia safety has improved significantly in high-income countries (HICs) of the world but has not done the same in low-income countries (LICs), due to characteristics like poor infrastructure and shortages of anesthesia providers, essential drugs, equipment and supplies. In the present article, the authors argued that further disregard of this global anesthesia crisis could result in failure to achieve the full potential of LIC populations. In order to address this issue, the authors provided a high-level overview of some of the relevant challenges and discussed current and potential initiatives at global, regional, national, and local levels. The authors believe that understanding how such systems work is essential to achieving sustainable, widespread improvement globally for safety in anesthesia.
Impact of Epidural Analgesia on Cesarean and Operative Vaginal Delivery Rates Classified by the Ten Groups Classification System
Authors: Lucovnik M. , Blajic I. , Verdenik I. , Mirkovic T. , Stopar Pintaric T. 
Published: February 2019

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018;34:37–41)
Although epidural analgesia (EA) is widely used for pain relief during labor and delivery, there has been controversy over its impact on labor outcomes. The available evidence has not shown an increase in cesarean delivery rates associated with EA. However, some studies have found an association between EA rates and rates of assisted vaginal delivery. The Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) is used to assess all perinatal events and outcomes according to the obstetric characteristics of women in labor, such as singleton or multiple pregnancy; nulliparous, multiparous, or multiparous with a previous cesarean delivery; cephalic, breech presentation or other malpresentation; spontaneous or induced labor; and term or preterm births. This system has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and is used when analyzing various obstetric outcomes. It has not yet been used, though, to analyze the effects of EA on obstetric outcomes. The objective of this study was to use TGCS to evaluate potential associations between EA and cesarean and assisted vaginal delivery rates, according to the TGCS groups.
Severe Primary Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia in Pregnancy: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Care A. , Pavord S. , Knight M. , Alfirevic Z. 
Published: February 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:604–612)
Primary autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease that is commonly detected in women of reproductive age. ITP is a hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a decrease in platelet count that can carry an increased risk of bleeding. ITP has been reported to occur in 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 pregnancies, but determining the incidence of severe ITP is challenging due to the rarity of the disorder, changing diagnostic criteria, and difficulty determining the cause of thrombocytopenia. The authors hypothesized the risks of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality would be elevated in parturients with ITP. This study aimed to determine the incidence of severe ITP in pregnancy in the United Kingdom, as well as current management strategies and maternal and fetal outcomes.
Metformin Exposure in First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of All or Specific Congenital Anomalies: Exploratory Case-control Study
Authors: Given J.E. , Loane M. , Garne E. , Addor M.C. , Bakker M. , Bertaut-Nativel B. , Gatt M. , Klungsoyr K. , Lelong N. , Morgan M. , Neville A.J. , Pierini A. , Rissmann A. , Dolk H. 
Published: February 2019

(BMJ. 2018;361:k2477)
Metformin is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It has also been used in women with polycystic ovary syndrome to improve insulin sensitivity. Since 2008 the drug has been recommended for use in pregnancy in the United Kingdom for women with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes. However, its use in pregnancy remains controversial as it affects stem cell function and concerns have been raised about potential teratogenic effects. Animal studies and meta-analyses in humans have not provided evidence of increased risk for congenital anomalies. However, one cohort study involving 392 women did report an increased risk of congenital anomalies in women taking metformin for diabetes, but no increased risk was found when the drug was being taken for other indications. This led those investigators to conclude the increased risk of anomalies was related to the patients’ diabetes and not the exposure to metformin. In contrast, it has also been suggested that metformin could decrease the risk of congenital anomalies in parturients with diabetes by improving glycemic control. This current study aimed to investigate the effect of first trimester metformin exposure on all or specific congenital anomalies by using a European database.
Do Time of Birth, Unit Volume and Staff Seniority Affect Neonatal Outcome in Deliveries at ≥34+0 Weeks of Gestation?
Authors: Reif P. , Pichler G. , Griesbacher A. , Lehner G. , Schöll W. , Lang U. , Hofmann H. , Ulrich D. 
Published: February 2019

(BJOG. 2018;125:884–891)
While women can go into labor at any time, most maternity units are better staffed during daytime working hours. A higher incidence of adverse events has been associated with out-of-hours periods in some studies, but this relationship was not confirmed in others. This study aimed to evaluate whether unit volume, time of birth, and staff seniority during delivery were associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in a province in Austria. The study hypothesized that out-of-hours-deliveries and deliveries at units with fewer deliveries would be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, and also hypothesized that deliveries attended by junior staff and midwives would have better outcomes when compared with deliveries attended by senior staff, as senior staff are likely to be involved in complicated pregnancies and deliveries.
Accuracy of Second Trimester Prediction of Preterm Preeclampsia by 3 Different Screening Algorithms
Authors: Al-Amin A. , Rolnik D.L. , Black C. , White A. , Stolarek C. , Brennecke S. , da Silva Costa F. 
Published: February 2019

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;58:192–196)
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major risk factor for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Thus, early screening in the first trimester to identify patients at high risk for PE allows the initiation of early preventive measures, such as low-dose aspirin therapy begun before 16 weeks gestation. Many women, though, do not have their first prenatal visit until after 16 weeks, and identifying high-risk patients in the second trimester can still be beneficial, especially for identifying early signs of PE and providing timely treatment. Currently, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom has guidelines for identifying at risk women using maternal demographics and medical history. Likewise in the United States, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) have recommendations for screening that uses demographics and medical history to define those women considered at high risk for PE. In contrast, the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) has published an algorithm for identifying women at risk for early PE that includes measurement of mean arterial pressure and uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index in addition to medical history. This prospective nonintervention study aimed to compare the efficacy of these three screening methods used during the second trimester to predict the occurrence of PE.
Effect of Ibuprofen Versus Acetaminophen on Postpartum Hypertension in Preeclampsia With Severe Features: A Double-masked, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Blue N.R. , Murray-Krezan C. , Drake-Lavelle S. , Weinberg D. , Holbrook B.D. , Katukuri V.R. , Leeman L. , Mozurkewich E.L. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;218:616.e1–e8)
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy contribute to maternal morbidity and mortality. Women with hypertension are at increased risk for cesarean delivery. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests avoiding the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) in women with preeclampsia as they have been shown to increase blood pressure in nonpregnant adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen compared with acetminophen on blood pressure control in the postpartum period in women diagnosed with preeclampsia with severe features. They hypothesized that NSAIDs would adversely affect postpartum blood pressure control in women with preeclampsia with severe features.
Sequencing of Circulating Cell-free DNA During Pregnancy
Authors: Bianchi D.W. , Chiu R.W.K. 
Published: February 2019

(N Engl J Med. 2018;379:464–473)
Sequence analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in screenings for fetal chromosome abnormalities is a success story of modern genomic medicine. In this review, the authors discussed lessons learned from the widespread clinical and biotechnological implementation of this test, ethical and legal concerns, and the future of cfDNA sequencing.
Infant Outcome After Complete Uterine Rupture
Authors: Al-Zirqi I. , Daltveit A.K. , Vangen S. 
Published: February 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219:109.e1–e8)
Although rare, complete uterine rupture is often associated with catastrophic maternal and neonatal outcomes. Studies on complete uterine rupture are limited, in part because most studies do not differentiate between complete and partial rupture, or only include ruptures of scarred uteri. This study used population-based data in Norway to explore risk factors of poor neonatal outcomes after complete uterine rupture.
Neuraxial Anesthesia During Cesarean Delivery for Placenta Previa With Suspected Morbidly Adherent Placenta: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Markley J.C. , Farber M.K. , Perlman N.C. , Carusi D.A. 
Published: February 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2018;127:930–938)
The coincident state of placenta previa and morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is associated with an increased risk of complications for women during delivery. Cesarean deliveries (CDs) with placenta previa and MAP are thereby often performed under general anesthesia (GA), as GA can facilitate large-volume resuscitation while avoiding sympathectomy-induced hypotension, an uncontrolled airway, and an indwelling catheter in conjunction with an altered coagulation state. The authors of the present study reported a single-center retrospective analysis of the mode of anesthesia for cases of nonemergent CD with placenta previa and suspected MAP and identified risk factors for nonelective conversion from neuraxial anesthesia (NA) to GA.