bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy within the mushroom body protects from synapse aging in a non-cell autonomous manner
Authors: Bhukel Anuradha , Beuschel Christine Brigitte , Maglione Marta , Lehmann Martin , Juhász Gabor , Madeo Frank , Sigrist Stephan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMacroautophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular maintenance program, meant to protect the brain from premature aging and neurodegeneration. How neuronal autophagy, usually loosing efficacy with age, intersects with neuronal processes mediating brain maintenance remains to be explored. Here, we show that impairing autophagy in the Drosophila learning center (mushroom body, MB) but not in other brain regions triggered changes normally restricted to aged brains: impaired associative olfactory memory as well as a brain-wide ultrastructural increase of presynaptic active zones (metaplasticity), a state non-compatible with memory formation. Mechanistically, decreasing autophagy within the MBs reduced expression of an NPY-family neuropeptide, and interfering with autocrine NPY signaling of the MBs provoked similar brain-wide metaplastic changes. Our results in an exemplary fashion show that autophagy-regulated signaling emanating from a higher brain integration center can execute high-level control over other brain regions to steer life-strategy decisions such as whether or not to form memories.
The Arabidopsis H3K27me3 demethylase JUMONJI 13 is a temperature and photoperiod dependent flowering repressor
Authors: Zheng Shuzhi , Hu Hongmiao , Ren Huimin , Yang Zhenlin , Qiu Qi , Qi Weiwei , Liu Xinye , Chen Xiaomei , Cui Xiekui , Li Sisi , Zhou Bing , Sun Daye , Cao Xiaofeng , Du Jiamu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn plants, flowering time is controlled by environmental signals such as day-length and temperature, which regulate the floral pathway integrators, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we identify an H3K27me3 demethylase, JUMONJI 13 (JMJ13), which regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis. Structural characterization of the JMJ13 catalytic domain in complex with its substrate peptide reveals that H3K27me3 is specifically recognized through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Under short-day conditions, the jmj13 mutant flowers early and has increased FT expression at high temperatures, but not at low temperatures. In contrast, jmj13 flowers early in long-day conditions regardless of temperature. Long-day condition and higher temperature induce the expression of JMJ13 and increase accumulation of JMJ13. Together, our data suggest that the H3K27me3 demethylase JMJ13 acts as a temperature- and photoperiod-dependent flowering repressor.
Liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomer with positive piezoconductivity
Authors: Yun Guolin , Tang Shi-Yang , Sun Shuaishuai , Yuan Dan , Zhao Qianbin , Deng Lei , Yan Sheng , Du Haiping , Dickey Michael D. , Li Weihua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConductive elastic composites have been used widely in soft electronics and soft robotics. These composites are typically a mixture of conductive fillers within elastomeric substrates. They can sense strain via changes in resistance resulting from separation of the fillers during elongation. Thus, most elastic composites exhibit a negative piezoconductive effect, i.e. the conductivity decreases under tensile strain. This property is undesirable for stretchable conductors since such composites may become less conductive during deformation. Here, we report a liquid metal-filled magnetorheological elastomer comprising a hybrid of fillers of liquid metal microdroplets and metallic magnetic microparticles. The composite’s resistivity reaches a maximum value in the relaxed state and drops drastically under any deformation, indicating that the composite exhibits an unconventional positive piezoconductive effect. We further investigate the magnetic field-responsive thermal properties of the composite and demonstrate several proof-of-concept applications. This composite has prospective applications in sensors, stretchable conductors, and responsive thermal interfaces.
Aborted propagation of the Ethiopian rift caused by linkage with the Kenyan rift
Authors: Corti Giacomo , Cioni Raffaello , Franceschini Zara , Sani Federico , Scaillet Stéphane , Molin Paola , Isola Ilaria , Mazzarini Francesco , Brune Sascha , Keir Derek , Erbello Asfaw , Muluneh Ameha , Illsley-Kemp Finnigan , Glerum Anne 
Published: March 2019

AbstractContinental rift systems form by propagation of isolated rift segments that interact, and eventually evolve into continuous zones of deformation. This process impacts many aspects of rifting including rift morphology at breakup, and eventual ocean-ridge segmentation. Yet, rift segment growth and interaction remain enigmatic. Here we present geological data from the poorly documented Ririba rift (South Ethiopia) that reveals how two major sectors of the East African rift, the Kenyan and Ethiopian rifts, interact. We show that the Ririba rift formed from the southward propagation of the Ethiopian rift during the Pliocene but this propagation was short-lived and aborted close to the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. Seismicity data support the abandonment of laterally offset, overlapping tips of the Ethiopian and Kenyan rifts. Integration with new numerical models indicates that rift abandonment resulted from progressive focusing of the tectonic and magmatic activity into an oblique, throughgoing rift zone of near pure extension directly connecting the rift sectors.
Inhibiting hydrogen embrittlement in ultra-strong steels for automotive applications by Ni-alloying
Authors: Kim Sung Jin , Hwang Eun Hye , Park Jin Sung , Ryu Seung Min , Yun Dae Won , Seong Hwan Goo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the stricter international regulations on CO2 emissions, fuel economy, and auto-safety, the application of novel materials with both higher strength and lower weight is becoming a major technical issue in automotive industries. Among the various lightweight concepts, ultra-strong GIGA STEEL with a tensile strength of more than 2 GPa is a major breakthrough in light of the remarkable weight reduction of vehicle without a decrease in auto-safety. Despite the outstanding mechanical performance, hydrogen embrittlement induced by aqueous and/or atmospheric corrosion is a serious problem that has restricted the application of steel to auto-parts. This study reports that such a critical challenge can be overcome by Ni-alloying, which leads to a lower cathodic reduction rate on the steel surface and slower H-infusion kinetics in the steel matrix. In contrast to the beneficial effects of Ni-alloying, conflicting results can be obtained when steel with a higher Ni content (≥1 wt.%) is exposed to neutral-corrosive environments, but the results have not been verified using conventional metallurgical approaches. This paper proposes a mechanism for these conflicting results, and provides a new and economic strategy for superior resistance to corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement, by making optimal use of Ni-alloying of ultra-strong steel.
Phaeobacter inhibens induces apoptosis-like programmed cell death in calcifying Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Bramucci Anna R. , Case Rebecca J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe model coccolithophore,Emiliania huxleyi, forms expansive blooms dominated by the calcifying cell type, which produce calcite scales called coccoliths. Blooms last several weeks, after which the calcified algal cells rapidly die, descending into the deep ocean.E. huxleyibloom collapse is attributed toE. huxleyiviruses (EhVs) that infect and kill calcifying cells, while otherE. huxleyipathogens, such as bacteria belonging to the roseobacter clade, are overlooked. EhVs kill calcifyingE. huxleyiby inducing production of bioactive viral-glycosphingolipids (vGSLs), which trigger algal programmed cell death (PCD). The roseobacterPhaeobacter inhibenswas recently shown to interact with and kill the calcifying cell type ofE. huxleyi, but the mechanism of algal death remains unelucidated. Here we demonstrate thatP. inhibenskills calcifyingE. huxleyiby inducing a highly specific type of PCD called apoptosis-like-PCD (AL-PCD). Host death can successfully be abolished in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor, which prevents the activation of caspase-like molecules. This finding differentiatesP. inhibensand EhV pathogenesis ofE. huxleyi, by demonstrating that bacterial-induced AL-PCD requires active caspase-like molecules, while the viral pathogen does not. This is the first demonstration of a bacterium inducing AL-PCD in an algal host as a killing mechanism.
Facial Complexity in Sun Bears: Exact Facial Mimicry and Social Sensitivity
Authors: Taylor Derry , Hartmann Daniela , Dezecache Guillaume , Te Wong Siew , Davila-Ross Marina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFacial mimicry is a central feature of human social interactions. Although it has been evidenced in other mammals, no study has yet shown that this phenomenon can reach the level of precision seem in humans and gorillas. Here, we studied the facial complexity of group-housed sun bears, a typically solitary species, with special focus on testing for exact facial mimicry. Our results provided evidence that the bears have the ability to mimic the expressions of their conspecifics and that they do so by matching the exact facial variants they interact with. In addition, the data showed the bears produced the open-mouth faces predominantly when they received the recipient’s attention, suggesting a degree of social sensitivity. Our finding questions the relationship between communicative complexity and social complexity, and suggests the possibility that the capacity for complex facial communication is phylogenetically more widespread than previously thought.
Inhibition increases response variability and reduces stimulus discrimination in random networks of cortical neurons
Authors: Haroush Netta , Marom Shimon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMuch of what is known about the contribution of inhibition to stimulus discrimination is due to extensively studied sensory systems, which are highly structured neural circuits. The effect of inhibition on stimulus representation in less structured networks is not as clear. Here we exercise a biosynthetic approach in order to study the impacts of inhibition on stimulus representation in non-specialized network anatomy. Combining pharmacological manipulation, multisite electrical stimulation and recording fromex-vivorandomly rewired networks of cortical neurons, we quantified the effects of inhibition on response variability and stimulus discrimination at the population and single unit levels. We find that blocking inhibition quenches variability of responses evoked by repeated stimuli and enhances discrimination between stimuli that invade the network from different spatial loci. Enhanced stimulus discrimination is reserved for representation schemes that are based on temporal relation between spikes emitted in groups of neurons. Our data indicate that – under intact inhibition – the response to a given stimulus is a noisy version of the response evoked in the absence of inhibition. Spatial analysis suggests that the dispersion effect of inhibition is due to disruption of an otherwise coherent, wave-like propagation of activity.
Evolutionary diversification of the RomR protein of the invasive deltaproteobacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus
Authors: Lowry Rebecca C. , Milner David S. , Al-Bayati Asmaa M. S. , Lambert Carey , Francis Vanessa I. , Porter Steven L. , Sockett R. E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a predatory deltaproteobacterium that encounters individual Gram-negative prey bacteria with gliding or swimming motility, and then is able to invade such prey cells via type IVa pilus-dependent mechanisms. Movement control (pili or gliding) in other deltaproteobacteria, such as the pack hunting Myxococcus xanthus, uses a response regulator protein, RomRMx (which dynamically relocalises between the cell poles) and a GTPase, MglAMx, previously postulated as an interface between the FrzMx chemosensory system and gliding or pilus-motility apparatus, to produce regulated bidirectional motility. In contrast, B. bacteriovorus predation is a more singular encounter between a lone predator and prey; contact is always via the piliated, non-flagellar pole of the predator, involving MglABd, but no Frz system. In this new study, tracking fluorescent RomRBd microscopically during predatory growth shows that it does not dynamically relocalise, in contrast to the M. xanthus protein; instead having possible roles in growth events. Furthermore, transcriptional start analysis, site-directed mutagenesis and bacterial two-hybrid interaction studies, indicate an evolutionary loss of RomRBd activation (via receiver domain phosphorylation) in this lone hunting bacterium, demonstrating divergence from its bipolar role in motility in pack-hunting M. xanthus and further evolution that may differentiate lone from pack predators.
Energy of injection-induced seismicity predicted from in-situ experiments
Authors: De Barros Louis , Cappa Frédéric , Guglielmi Yves , Duboeuf Laure , Grasso Jean-Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ability to predict the magnitude of an earthquake caused by deep fluid injections is an important factor for assessing the safety of the reservoir storage and the seismic hazard. Here, we propose a new approach to evaluate the seismic energy released during fluid injection by integrating injection parameters, induced aseismic deformation, and the distance of earthquake sources from injection. We use data from ten injection experiments performed at a decameter scale into fault zones in limestone and shale formations. We observe that the seismic energy and the hydraulic energy similarly depend on the injected fluid volume (V), as they both scale as V3/2. They show, however, a large discrepancy, partly related to a large aseismic deformation. Therefore, to accurately predict the released seismic energy, aseismic deformation should be considered in the budget through the residual deformation measured at the injection. Alternatively, the minimal hypocentral distance from injection points and the critical fluid pressure for fault reactivation can be used for a better prediction of the seismic moment in the total compilation of earthquakes observed during these experiments. Complementary to the prediction based only on the injected fluid volume, our approach opens the possibility of using alternative monitoring parameters to improve traffic-light protocols for induced earthquakes and the regulation of operational injection activities.
Uncertainty in hydrological analysis of climate change: multi-parameter vs. multi-GCM ensemble predictions
Authors: Her Younggu , Yoo Seung-Hwan , Cho Jaepil , Hwang Syewoon , Jeong Jaehak , Seong Chounghyun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe quantification of uncertainty in the ensemble-based predictions of climate change and the corresponding hydrological impact is necessary for the development of robust climate adaptation plans. Although the equifinality of hydrological modeling has been discussed for a long time, its influence on the hydrological analysis of climate change has not been studied enough to provide a definite idea about the relative contributions of uncertainty contained in both multiple general circulation models (GCMs) and multi-parameter ensembles to hydrological projections. This study demonstrated that the impact of multi-GCM ensemble uncertainty on direct runoff projections for headwater watersheds could be an order of magnitude larger than that of multi-parameter ensemble uncertainty. The finding suggests that the selection of appropriate GCMs should be much more emphasized than that of a parameter set among behavioral ones. When projecting soil moisture and groundwater, on the other hand, the hydrological modeling equifinality was more influential than the multi-GCM ensemble uncertainty. Overall, the uncertainty of GCM projections was dominant for relatively rapid hydrological components while the uncertainty of hydrological model parameterization was more significant for slow components. In addition, uncertainty in hydrological projections was much more closely associated with uncertainty in the ensemble projections of precipitation than temperature, indicating a need to pay closer attention to precipitation data for improved modeling reliability. Uncertainty in hydrological component ensemble projections showed unique responses to uncertainty in the precipitation and temperature ensembles.
A risk stratification tool for hospitalisation in Australia using primary care data
Authors: Khanna Sankalp , Rolls David A. , Boyle Justin , Xie Yang , Jayasena Rajiv , Hibbert Marienne , Georgeff Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPredictive risk models using general practice (GP) data to predict the risk of hospitalisation have the potential to identify patients for targeted care. Effective use can help deliver significant reductions in the incidence of hospitalisation, particularly for patients with chronic conditions, the highest consumers of hospital resources. There are currently no published validated risk models for the Australian context using GP data to predict hospitalisation. In addition, published models for other contexts typically rely on a patient’s history of prior hospitalisations, a field not commonly available in GP information systems, as a predictor. We present a predictive risk model developed for use by GPs to assist in targeting coordinated healthcare to patients most in need. The algorithm was developed and validated using a retrospective primary care cohort, linked to records of hospitalisation in Victoria, Australia, to predict the risk of hospitalisation within one year. Predictors employed include demographics, prescription history, pathology results and disease diagnoses. Prior hospitalisation information was not employed as a predictor. Our model shows good performance and has been implemented within primary care practices participating in Health Care Homes, an Australian Government initiative being trialled for providing ongoing comprehensive care for patients with chronic and complex conditions.
Noninvasive monitoring of blood flow using a single magnetic microsphere
Authors: Liebl Maik , Gleich Bernhard , Eberbeck Dietmar , Radon Patricia , Rahmer Jürgen , Trahms Lutz , Wiekhorst Frank 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNoninvasive medical imaging of blood flow relies on mapping the transit of a contrast medium bolus injected intravenously. This has the draw-back that the front of the bolus widens until the tissue of interest is reached and quantitative flow parameters are not easy to obtain. Here, we introduce high resolution (millimeter/millisecond) 3D magnetic tracking of a single microsphere locally probing the flow while passing through a vessel. With this, we successfully localize and evaluate diameter constrictions in an arteria phantom after a single passage of a microsphere. We further demonstrate the potential for clinical application by tracking a microsphere smaller than a red blood cell.
Amyloid beta in nasal secretions may be a potential biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Young Hyo , Lee Sang-Myung , Cho Sungbo , Kang Ju-Hee , Minn Yang-Ki , Park Hyelim , Choi Seong Hye 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigated the level of amyloid beta (Aβ) in nasal secretions of patients with Alzheimer’s disease dementia (ADD) using interdigitated microelectrode (IME) biosensors and determined the predictive value of Aβ in nasal secretions for ADD diagnosis. Nasal secretions were obtained from 35 patients with ADD, 18 with cognitive decline associated with other neurological disorders (OND), and 26 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants. Capacitance changes in IMEs were measured by capturing total Aβ (ΔCtAβ). After 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid (EPPS) was injected, additional capacitance changes due to the smaller molecular weight Aβ oligomers disassembled from the higher molecular weight oligomeric Aβ were determined (ΔCoAβ). By dividing two values, the capacitance ratio (ΔCoAβ/ΔCtAβ) was determined and then normalized to the capacitance change index (CCI). The CCI was higher in the ADD group than in the OND (p = 0.040) and CU groups (p = 0.007). The accuracy of the CCI was fair in separating into the ADD and CU groups (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.718, 95% confidence interval = 0.591–0.845). These results demonstrate that the level of Aβ in nasal secretions increases in ADD and the detection of Aβ in nasal secretions using IME biosensors may be possible in predicting ADD.
Type–II superlattices base visible/extended short–wavelength infrared photodetectors with a bandstructure–engineered photo–generated carrier extractor
Authors: Dehzangi Arash , McClintock Ryan , Haddadi Abbas , Wu Donghai , Chevallier Romain , Razeghi Manijeh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVisible/extended short–wavelength infrared photodetectors with a bandstructure–engineered photo–generated carrier extractor based on type–II InAs/AlSb/GaSb superlattices have been demonstrated. The photodetectors are designed to have a 100% cut-off wavelength of ~2.4 μm at 300K, with sensitivity down to visible wavelengths. The photodetectors exhibit room–temperature (300K) peak responsivity of 0.6 A/W at ~1.7 μm, corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 43% at zero bias under front–side illumination, without any anti–reflection coating where the visible cut−on wavelength of the devices is <0.5 µm. With a dark current density of 5.3 × 10−4 A/cm2 under −20 mV applied bias at 300K, the photodetectors exhibit a specific detectivity of 4.72 × 1010 cm·Hz1/2/W. At 150K, the photodetectors exhibit a dark current density of 1.8 × 10−10 A/cm2 and a quantum efficiency of 40%, resulting in a detectivity of 5.56 × 1013 cm·Hz1/2/W.
The PGC-1/ERR network and its role in precision oncology
Authors: De Vitto Humberto , Bode Ann M. , Dong Zigang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTranscriptional regulators include a superfamily of nuclear proteins referred to as co-activators and co-repressors, both of which are involved in controlling the functions of several nuclear receptors (NRs). The Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) has cataloged the composition of NRs, co-regulators, and ligands present in the human cell and their effort has been identified in more than 600 potential molecules. Given the importance of co-regulators in steroid, retinoid, and thyroid hormone signaling networks, hypothesizing that NRs/co-regulators are implicated in a wide range of pathologies are tempting. The co-activators known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1) and their key nuclear partner, the estrogen-related receptor (ERR), are emerging as pivotal transcriptional signatures that regulate an extremely broad repertoire of mitochondrial and metabolic genes, making them very attractive drug targets for cancer. Several studies have provided an increased understanding of the functional and structural biology of nuclear complexes. However, more comprehensive work is needed to create different avenues to explore the therapeutic potential of NRs/co-activators in precision oncology. Here, we discuss the emerging data associated with the structure, function, and molecular biology of the PGC-1/ERR network and address how the concepts evolving from these studies have deepened our understanding of how to develop more effective treatment strategies. We present an overview that underscores new biological insights into PGC-1/ERR to improve cancer outcomes against therapeutic resistance. Finally, we discuss the importance of exploiting new technologies such as single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to develop a high-resolution biological structure of PGC-1/ERR, focusing on novel drug discovery for precision oncology.