bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for recruiting highly skilled migrants from India and China: a case study of firms in Sweden
Authors: Frank Denis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA striking characteristic in labour migration to Western Europe since the beginning of the 2000s has been the increased number of skilled migrants. In Sweden, most skilled migrants from countries outside the EU come from India, but there has also been significant skilled migration from China. This article investigates the impact that firms have on the migration from India and China. It focuses on managers' motives for employing migrants, their view of migrant workers and the means they use to find suitable workers. The article argues that interorganisational relationships play a key role in the recruitment of highly skilled migrants. The firms that employ migrants hold positions in an organisational field, and the relationships they have with other actors within the field shape how and why they employ migrants. The empirical data was collected through a multiple‐case study of 13 firms that have employed high‐skilled migrants from India and China.
Clinical use of dimethyl fumarate in moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis: a European expert consensus
Authors: Mrowietz U. , Barker J. , Boehncke W.‐H. , Iversen L. , Kirby B. , Naldi L. , Reich K. , Tanew A. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , Warren R.B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFumaric acid esters (FAEs) are a group of small molecules that were first investigated for the treatment of psoriasis in 1959. The first fumarate‐based drug – Fumaderm® – was approved in Germany in 1994 for severe psoriasis and then in 2008, the label was expanded to include moderate psoriasis. Fumaderm is a combination of different FAEs: dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which is regarded as the main active component, plus calcium, magnesium and zinc salts of monoethyl fumarate (MEF). FAEs are the most frequently used first‐line systemic psoriasis treatment in Germany, with an overall treatment experience comprising more than 220 000 patient‐years. FAEs have demonstrated good, sustained clinical efficacy with an acceptable safety profile for the long‐term treatment of patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis. Indeed, the European S3‐Guideline on the systemic treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris recommends FAEs for induction and long‐term treatment. Until recently, FAEs were only licensed (for the psoriasis indication) in Germany, but were imported to many other European countries, such as The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Austria and Italy, for the treatment of psoriasis. In 2017, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved Skilarence®, a new oral formulation of DMF, for the treatment of adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis in need of systemic therapy. Skilarence only contains DMF and is the first FAE for the treatment of psoriasis that has been approved by the EMA. This approval has given rise to a new oral treatment option for patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis across Europe. Here, we report the results of an expert meeting which was convened to deliver clinician‐agreed consensus and real‐world guidance on the clinical use of DMF in moderate‐to‐severe chronic plaque psoriasis. Guidance on appropriate patient selection, DMF dosage considerations, monitoring and side‐effect management is offered based upon available evidence and collective real‐world clinical experience.
Physicochemical properties of vanilla and raspberry aromas microencapsulated in the industrial conditions by spray drying
Authors: Jedlińska Aleksandra , Samborska Katarzyna , Janiszewska‐Turak Emilia , Witrowa‐Rajchert Dorota , Seuvre Anne‐Marie , Voilley Andrée 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhysicochemical properties of powdered vanilla and raspberry complex aromas obtained on industrial conditions by spray drying were investigated. Powders had low water content and activity, promoting long shelf‐life. Aroma retention was lower for vanilla flavors. Raspberry powdered flavors had poorer flowability, lower bulk density, lower particle size, and higherTg. Additionally, physicochemical properties of powders from various locations of spray dryer (cyclone container/chamber) were compared—powders from the cyclone had higher water content and activity, but the flowability was not affected by collection place. Aromatic substances’ retention of raspberry flavors was better in chamber‐received powder, what was confirmed by sensory evaluation.Practical applicationThis research gave the information about the significant influence of the type (vanilla and raspberry) of industrial flavor compositions on spray drying process done in industrial conditions and the properties of the obtained powders: aroma retention was lower for vanilla flavors, raspberry powdered flavors had poorer flowability, lower bulk density, lower particle size, and higherTg. It is important for aroma creators, who should have knowledge how to avoid possible production problems (like sticking to the chamber wall, low efficiency), already at the stage of creating the recipe. Additionally, it was shown that some of the properties of powders taken from the cyclone container and the chamber of the spray dryer were different: powders from the cyclone had higher water content and activity, but the flowability was not affected by collection place. Aromatic substances’ retention of raspberry flavors was better in chamber‐received powder, what was confirmed by sensory evaluation.
Oxidative stability of sesame oil extracted from the seeds with different origins: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies under accelerated conditions
Authors: Elhussein Elaf , Bilgin Mehmet , Şahin Selin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA comparative study was carried out to identify the oxidative stability of sesame oils originated from three countries: Sudan, Turkey, and Yemen. Sesame oils were oxidized under Rancimat test conditions. Reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH
++), activation entropy (ΔS
++), and Gibbs free energy of activation (ΔG
++) were calculated according to both Arrhenius model and Eyring equation of activated complex approach. Quality parameters of the sesame oils were evaluated with respect to phenolic (TP) and flavonoid (TF) contents, free radical‐scavenging activity (FRSA), and peroxide value (PV). Fourier transformed infrared‐attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR) was also used to assess the functional groups of the oils. Depending on the fundamental thermodynamic parameters (ΔH
++ > 0, ΔG
++ > 0, and ΔS
++ < 0), the nature of the oxidation reaction in the oils proves that it is an endothermic, nonspontaneous, and endergonic process. The predicted shelf‐life of the oils ranged from 38 to 132 days at ambient conditions.Practical applicationsLipid oxidation is one of the major concerns influencing the product quality in oil industry. If the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of lipid oxidation are understood properly, the formulation of food products might be adjusted to favor the quality of the fat present in a food system and reduce the appearance of undesirable degradation products.
Optimization of high‐pressure processing in extraction of astaxanthin from Penaeus monodon carapace using response surface methodology
Authors: Irna Cicy , Jaswir Irwandi , Othman Rashidi , Jimat Dzun Noraini 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Penaeus monodon is a species of shrimp with astaxanthin content that prevents various diseases and enhances immune system. High‐pressure processing (HPP) is capable of achieving higher extraction astaxanthin yield within short processing time. The aim of this research was to optimize the extraction condition of astaxanthin from P. monodon using HPP using response surface methodology (RSM). The investigation was carried out using variables: pressure (150–250 MPa), holding time (10–20 min), and amount of acetone‐methanol mixture, 7:3, vol/vol (3–7 ml). The optimum condition was achieved at the pressure of 238.54 MPa, 16.29 min of holding time, and 6.59 ml of solvent mixture. The optimum yield of astaxanthin was 95.17 μg/gdw. The R2 value was 0.9836 and the adjusted‐R2 value was 0.9688. These values indicate that the application of RSM to optimize the yield of astaxanthin with HPP has a significant impact in enhancing the yield of astaxanthin.
A pilot study evaluating depression in mothers with children diagnosed with Down syndrome in state health care
Authors: Swanepoel M. , Haw T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundParenting a child who has an intellectual disability has been shown to increase the risk for developing depression. The purpose of this study was to screen for depression and to determine if there is an association between depressive symptoms and certain sociodemographic factors in mothers with a child diagnosed with Down syndrome in state health care facilities in Johannesburg.MethodsThe study included 30 biological mothers of children between 6 months and 3 years diagnosed with Down syndrome postnatally. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to assess depression in participants. A 10‐item sociodemographic questionnaire was concurrently administered. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.ResultsThe 30 mothers had a mean EPDS score of 9.1 (SD = 5.89) with scores ranging between 0 and 26. Eight mothers (26.7%) screened positive for depression with an EPDS score of 13 or greater. A statistically significant association was found between an HIV‐positive status and mothers who had an EPDS score of 13 or greater (P = 0.01). No significant association between depression and various other sociodemographic factors was identified.ConclusionsMothers with a child diagnosed with Down syndrome may be vulnerable to developing depression. A significant association was found between a positive HIV status and symptoms of depression, in mothers with a child diagnosed with Down syndrome. This study indicates the need for further investigations assessing the causes and risk factors resulting in postnatal depression in mothers with a child diagnosed with Down syndrome.
Servo‐controlled cooling during neonatal transport for babies with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy is practical and beneficial: Experience from a large UK neonatal transport service
Authors: Torre Monmany Nuria , Behrsin Joanna , Leslie Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AimServo‐controlled therapeutic hypothermia is a routine therapy for babies with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy in the neonatal unit and is delivered in designated cooling centres. It is increasingly being used during neonatal transport in the UK to deliver this therapy in a timelier manner for babies not born in a cooling centre. Prior to the implementation of this treatment, passive cooling alone was used in transport. Comparison of passive and servo‐controlled cooling during neonatal transfers with reference to: (i) the proportion of babies in the therapeutic range (33–34°C) at three time points during the transport mission (arrival of the team at the referring unit, departure of the team from the referring unit and at the completion of transport); (ii) the proportion of babies overcooled at any point once the transport team was present (<33°C); and (iii) duration of phases of the transfer to evaluate the impact of active cooling on how long it takes to undertake transfer.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study comparing babies with passive and servo‐controlled hypothermia (January 2015 to May 2016) following introduction of the servo‐controlled cooling mattress.ResultsA total of 48 patients were treated with hypothermia in transit (29 passive, 19 servo‐controlled). The median gestational age (GA) was 40 weeks (interquartile range: 39–41) and mean birthweight (BW) 3420 g (standard deviation 600 g); there was no differences in GA, BW and clinical characteristics between the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the temperature at the end of the transport, where 94% (n = 18) of babies who received servo‐controlled cooling were in the target temperature in comparison with only 65% (n = 19) of the passive cooling group babies (P = 0.045). In addition, none of the babies in the servo‐controlled group were warm (>34°C) at the end of the transfer. Babies who underwent servo‐controlled cooling are more likely to maintain a target temperature (33–34°C) (17 (89%) vs. 17 (58%), P = 0.021); in particular, there is less overcooling (<33°C) in this group (2 (10%) vs. 15 (51%), P = 0.004). Total mission time was not significantly different.ConclusionThe use of servo‐controlled cooling devices during neonatal transport improves the ability to maintain the baby's temperature within the target range (33–34°C) with less overcooling.
Factors affecting the Affordable Care Act Marketplace stand‐alone pediatric dental plan premiums
Authors: Qiao Nan , Carroll Aaron E. , Bell Teresa Maria 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren from lower income families have inadequate dental insurance coverage and poorer dental health in the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) created Health Insurance Exchange Marketplaces to increase competition among health insurers and to provide low‐income families with less costly health plans. The study examined Marketplace pediatric stand‐alone dental plans (SADPs) and factors that affect their premiums.MethodsThe data used were 2016 Federal‐Facilitated and State‐Partnership Marketplace pediatric SADP data. Ordinary least squares regressions were applied to estimate contributing factors’ effects on SADP premiums.ResultsGreat premium variation was found among low and high coverage level SADPs, respectively. Premiums of Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) SADPs were significantly less expensive than Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) SADPs. SADPs charged significantly higher premiums for more types of services covered. SADPs also charged higher premiums in states where there are larger proportions of low‐income people who report poor dental health, more dentists per capita, or higher dentists’ wages. The number of insurance companies offering pediatric SADPs in a Marketplace was negatively associated with premiums.ConclusionThe current Marketplace pediatric SADPs may have limited effects on increasing economically disadvantaged children's access to quality dental care. Marketplaces can promote competition among its pediatric dental insurers on providing lower‐cost pediatric SADPs.
Use of some nutritional supplements in drinking water of growing turkeys during 1st month of age and their effect on performance, meat quality, blood profile and antioxidant status
Authors: Farghly Mohamed F. A. , Ahmad Enas A. M. , Alagawany Mahmoud , Abd El‐Hack Mohamed E. , Ali Reham A. M. , Elnesr Shaaban S. , Taha Ayman E. , Salah Ayman S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe management practices implemented by the poultry sector as using some nutritional additives in the early stage of a bird’s life can potentially detect other challenges to production development in the poultry farms. Many potential supplements can be included in the early feeding as which are added to drinking water. In this study, 180 1‐day‐old chicks were randomly distributed into six groups to investigate the use of some nutritional supplements in drinking water of growing turkeys during 1st month of age and their effect on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, leg problems, blood profile and oxidative status. Birds that were supplied with tap water were considered the control group (C), whereas the birds that received the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively) were supplied with drinking water containing 10% sugar syrup, molasses, lemon juice, skim milk and fresh egg albumin respectively. The different water additives significantly (p < 0.05) affected the body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) at all studied ages except for the BW at 4 weeks old and BWG at 0–4 weeks old and 8–12 weeks old. Significant effects of the treatments on the feed consumption (FC) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not observed during the experiment, and the treatments did not cause significant differences (p < 0.05) in the carcass cut‐up traits, bone measurements, body temperature, plumage conditions, mortality rates and blood parameters except for IgA (p = 0.043). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) was improved in the treatment groups with 10% molasses and lemon juice respectively. The total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and catalase (CAT) activities were enhanced in the treatments compared with the control group. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased with the sugar syrup, molasses and lemon juice treatments compared with those in the control and other groups. Supplementation of molasses or lemon juice to drinking water of turkeys during the 1st month of age resulted in a higher profit margin in comparison with the control group. The results showed that birds supplied with water containing 10% molasses or lemon juice during the growing period presented an improved growth performance, immune response, antioxidant status and economic efficiency.
Osmoregulatory function of betaine in alleviating heat stress in poultry
Authors: Ratriyanto Adi , Mosenthin Rainer 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis review focuses on the osmoregulatory function of betaine and its effect in terms of alleviating heat stress in poultry. Poultry appear to be particularly sensitive to temperature‐associated environmental challenges, especially heat stress. High ambient temperatures are deleterious to productive performance in poultry, including broilers, laying hens, quails and turkeys, resulting in considerable economic losses. Heat stress impairs overall poultry production by decreasing feed intake and negatively affecting intestinal development, leading to reduced nutrient digestibility. Apart from inducing a high mortality rate, heat stress is known to depress growth rate and reduce meat yield in broilers. In layers, lower feed intake impairs ovarian function, leading to decreased feed efficiency, egg production and egg quality. In addition, reduced immune functions, such as thyroid activity and antibody production, are evident in poultry exposed to heat stress. Heat stress increases the production of oxidants, causing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Poultry respond physiologically and behaviourally when encountering the negative effects of heat stress, attempting to return the body to homeostasis. This requires energy at the expense of weight gain or egg production. Due to its zwitterionic structure, betaine has osmoprotective properties that aid in protecting intestinal cell proteins and enzymes from environmental stress, including high ambient temperature, thereby counteracting performance losses. Betaine also exerts an osmoregulatory role in cells, regulating water balance, and this results in more stable tissue metabolism. Inclusion of betaine in the diet may be beneficial for alleviating physical reactions to heat stress, as indicated by increases in nutrient digestibility. In broilers, betaine supplementation increases weight gain and breast muscle yield, while improving feed conversion. In layers, betaine supplementation improves egg production, egg quality traits and immune indices. In conclusion, due to its osmoregulatory functions, betaine plays an important role in alleviating heat stress in poultry.
Effect of different sugars on the freezing characteristics of Kyoho grape
Authors: Cao Xuehui , Zhang Fangfang , Zhu Danshi , Zhao Dongyu , Liu Liping 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this work was to analyze the effect of different osmotic dehydration (OD) processes (sucrose, trehalose, glucose, and lactose) as a pretreatment for grape before exposure to freezing. The osmotic treatment had less effect on blueberry moisture content among different sugars. Impregnation with sugars decreases the freezing time of grapes, compared to untreated grapes. Trehalose and lactose had a remarkable effect on shortening the time for grapes to pass the zone of maximum crystallization of ice. It was concluded that drip loss and electrolyte permeability of cell membranes decreased and the soluble solids content increased after OD treatment. In addition, the firmness and L* values of trehalose‐treated grapes were significantly higher than those of other treatments (p < .05). In summary, osmosis with a carbohydrate solution not only increased the freezing rate but improved quality characteristics of grapes after freezing and thawing.Practical applicationsGrapes are subject to freezing damage during storage, including significant water loss, berry softening, off flavor occurrence, which reduce the commodity and consumption of grapes. OD can improve the freezing rate by reducing the moisture content in the raw material and reducing the impact of freezing on the quality of fruits and vegetables, which may be beneficial to the process of freezing grapes.
Optimal portfolio under fractional stochastic environment
Authors: Fouque Jean‐Pierre , Hu Ruimeng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRough stochastic volatility models have attracted a lot of attention recently, in particular for the linear option pricing problem. In this paper, starting with power utilities, we propose to use a martingale distortion representation of the optimal value function for the nonlinear asset allocation problem in a (non‐Markovian) fractional stochastic environment (for all values of the Hurst index ). We rigorously establish a first‐order approximation of the optimal value, when the return and volatility of the underlying asset are functions of a stationary slowly varying fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We prove that this approximation can be also generated by a fixed zeroth‐ order trading strategy providing an explicit strategy which is asymptotically optimal in all admissible controls. Furthermore, we extend the discussion to general utility functions, and obtain the asymptotic optimality of this fixed strategy in a specific family of admissible strategies.
Logging and soil nutrients independently explain plant trait expression in tropical forests
Authors: Both Sabine , Riutta Terhi , Paine C. E. Timothy , Elias Dafydd M. O. , Cruz R. S. , Jain Annuar , Johnson David , Kritzler Ully H. , Kuntz Marianne , Majalap‐Lee Noreen , Mielke Nora , Montoya Pillco Milenka X. , Ostle Nicholas J. , Arn Teh Yit , Malhi Yadvinder , Burslem David F. R. P. 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Plant functional traits regulate ecosystem functions but little is known about how co‐occurring gradients of land use and edaphic conditions influence their expression. We test how gradients of logging disturbance and soil properties relate to community‐weighted mean traits in logged and old‐growth tropical forests in Borneo.

We studied 32 physical, chemical and physiological traits from 284 tree species in eight 1 ha plots and measured long‐term soil nutrient supplies and plant‐available nutrients.

Logged plots had greater values for traits that drive carbon capture and growth, whilst old‐growth forests had greater values for structural and persistence traits. Although disturbance was the primary driver of trait expression, soil nutrients explained a statistically independent axis of variation linked to leaf size and nutrient concentration. Soil characteristics influenced trait expression via nutrient availability, nutrient pools, and pH.

Our finding, that traits have dissimilar responses to land use and soil resource availability, provides robust evidence for the need to consider the abiotic context of logging when predicting plant functional diversity across human‐modified tropical forests. The detection of two independent axes was facilitated by the measurement of many more functional traits than have been examined in previous studies.