bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Fromm and Bourdieu: Contributions to habitus and realism
Authors: Grillo Carmen M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRealist scholars are increasingly turning their attention to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus or dispositions as a way of theorizing thought and behaviour. In this article, the author offers a contribution, based on Erich Fromm's social psychology, to the realist theory of habitus. The author argues that while Bourdieu and Fromm both see the quest for meaning as the source of subjectivity in social life, Fromm goes further than Bourdieu in analysing the psychodynamic consequences of the acquisition of habitus. Fromm provides additional tools to understand the properties of habitus that emerge from its interaction with primary psychological needs. Principally, Fromm's work reveals an undertheorized set of emergent properties of habitus.
What makes a specialized endophyte special?
Authors: Gladieux Pierre 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFungal plant symbionts can be highly specialized on a limited range of host genotypes and species. Understanding the genetic basis of this specialization, the mechanisms governing its establishment and the relationship between specialization and speciation is a major challenge for evolutionary biologists (Timms & Read, ). A deeper knowledge of evolutionary plant–microbe interactions could be exploited to improve agricultural management, by bringing fungal biodiversity and fungal biomass under greater and more durable human control. Previous studies on pathogens have shown that effectors, that is, small secreted proteins that modulate plant physiology to favour host colonization, play a key role in infection of novel hosts (e.g., Inoue et al., ) or in host specialization (e.g., Liao et al. ()). Like pathogens, endophytes also manipulate the physiology of their hosts and colonize novel hosts to which they specialize (Hardoim et al., ). These biological characteristics of endophytes raise the question of similarities in the protein arsenal contributing to the specialization of pathogens and endophytes. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Schirrmann et al. () used a combination of divergence genome scans and tests for positive selection to investigate the genetic basis of specialization of two subspecies of the symbiont Epichloë typhina occurring on two different grass hosts. Their analyses suggest a key role of effectors as determinants of host specialization. This study paves the way towards the comparative analysis of the genomics of speciation among plant symbionts.
Inversions are bigger on the X chromosome
Authors: Cheng Changde , Kirkpatrick Mark 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn many insects, X‐linked inversions fix at a higher rate and are much less polymorphic than autosomal inversions. Here, we report that in Drosophila, X‐linked inversions also capture 67% more genes. We estimated the number of genes captured through an approximate Bayesian computational analysis of gene orders in nine species of Drosophila. X‐linked inversions fixed with a significantly larger gene content. Further, X‐linked inversions of intermediate size enjoy highest fixation rate, while the fixation rate of autosomal inversions decreases with size. A less detailed analysis in Anopheles suggests a similar pattern holds in mosquitoes. We develop a population genetic model that assumes the fitness effects of inversions scale with the number of genes captured. We show that the same conditions that lead to a higher fixation rate also produce a larger size for inversions on the X.
Detection of Structural Components in Point Clouds of Existing RC Bridges
Authors: Lu Ruodan , Brilakis Ioannis , Middleton Campbell R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe cost and effort of modeling existing bridges from point clouds currently outweighs the perceived benefits of the resulting model. There is a pressing need to automate this process. Previous research has achieved the automatic generation of surface primitives combined with rule‐based classification to create labeled cuboids and cylinders from point clouds. Although these methods work well in synthetic data sets or idealized cases, they encounter huge challenges when dealing with real‐world bridge point clouds, which are often unevenly distributed and suffer from occlusions. In addition, real bridge geometries are complicated. In this article, we propose a novel top‐down method to tackle these challenges for detecting slab, pier, pier cap, and girder components in reinforced concrete bridges. This method uses a slicing algorithm to separate the deck assembly from pier assemblies. It then detects and segments pier caps using their surface normal, and girders using oriented bounding boxes and density histograms. Finally, our method merges oversegments into individually labeled point clusters. The results of 10 real‐world bridge point cloud experiments indicate that our method achieves very high detection performance. This is the first method of its kind to achieve robust detection performance for the four component types in reinforced concrete bridges and to directly produce labeled point clusters. Our work provides a solid foundation for future work in generating rich Industry Foundation Classes models from the labeled point clusters.
Complex networks emerging during choir singing
Authors: Müller Viktor , Delius Julia A.M. , Lindenberger Ulman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChoir singing is positively associated with well‐being and quality of life, and requires the coordination of physiological systems within and across individuals. Informed by models of interpersonal action coordination, we delineate the network topography of choir singing by analyzing cross‐frequency couplings and within‐frequency couplings (WFCs) of respiratory, cardiac, vocalizing, and motor subsystems. We find that respiratory and cardiac subsystems synchronize with one another during singing and are coupled to oscillatory vocalizing patterns, and to the hand‐movement oscillations of the choir's conductor. The choir's cross‐frequency connections are particularly strong when singing a canon in parts, apparently supporting the interaction and coordination of the different canon entries. In contrast, WFCs are more pronounced when singing the same canon in unison. We conclude that the temporal coordination dynamics of the observed subsystems form part of the functional substrate for choir singing. During singing, the choir functions as a superordinate system, or superorganism, that imposes boundary conditions on the dynamic features of the individual singers.
Genome sequence of Jatropha curcas L., a non‐edible biodiesel plant, provides a resource to improve seed‐related traits
Authors: Ha Jungmin , Shim Sangrea , Lee Taeyoung , Kang Yang J. , Hwang Won J. , Jeong Haneul , Laosatit Kularb , Lee Jayern , Kim Sue K. , Satyawan Dani , Lestari Puji , Yoon Min Y. , Kim Moon Y. , Chitikineni Annapurna , Tanya Patcharin , Somta Prakit , Srinives Peerasak , Varshney Rajeev K. , Lee Suk‐Ha 
Published: July 2018

SummaryJatropha curcas (physic nut), a non‐edible oilseed crop, represents one of the most promising alternative energy sources due to its high seed oil content, rapid growth and adaptability to various environments. We report ~339 Mbp draft whole genome sequence of J. curcas var. Chai Nat using both the PacBio and Illumina sequencing platforms. We identified and categorized differentially expressed genes related to biosynthesis of lipid and toxic compound among four stages of seed development. Triacylglycerol (TAG), the major component of seed storage oil, is mainly synthesized by phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase in Jatropha, and continuous high expression of homologs of oleosin over seed development contributes to accumulation of high level of oil in kernels by preventing the breakdown of TAG. A physical cluster of genes for diterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes, including casbene synthases highly responsible for a toxic compound, phorbol ester, in seed cake, was syntenically highly conserved between Jatropha and castor bean. Transcriptomic analysis of female and male flowers revealed the up‐regulation of a dozen family of TFs in female flower. Additionally, we constructed a robust species tree enabling estimation of divergence times among nine Jatropha species and five commercial crops in Malpighiales order. Our results will help researchers and breeders increase energy efficiency of this important oil seed crop by improving yield and oil content, and eliminating toxic compound in seed cake for animal feed.
Effect of stimuli on sun protective habits: A randomized double‐blind controlled study
Authors: Cheng Judy , Widjajahakim Rafael , Rajanala Susruthi , Maymone Mayra B. C. , Secemsky Eric , Vashi Neelam A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundVisual imagery has been shown to improve adherence to health messages but has scarcely been investigated in sun protection campaigns.ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of pictorial‐ and textual‐based sun protective messages in a largely Hispanic population.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐five participants received standard of care (SOC) as defined as sun protective counseling and were then randomized to receive either (a) images of sun damage, (b) a textual pamphlet about sun damage, or (c) no further messages. Analysis‐of‐variance tests for repeated measures were used to estimate the effects of the different stimuli on participants’ knowledge and intention to sun protect.ResultsAll stimulus groups demonstrated an improvement in perceived effectiveness of sun protective habits (p < 0.05). However, pictorial and textual stimuli were both more effective than SOC in improving intentions to sun protect (p < 0.05), but there was no differential effect between the two.ConclusionsBoth pictorial and textual stimuli were more effective than SOC in improving intentions to sun protect, but there was no differential effect between the two.
Salinity and crop yield
Authors: Zörb C. , Geilfus C.‐M. , Dietz K.‐J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThirty crop species provide 90% of our food, most of which display severe yield losses under moderate salinity. Securing and augmenting agricultural yield in times of global warming and population increase is urgent and should, aside from ameliorating saline soils, include attempts to increase crop plant salt tolerance. This short review provides an overview of the processes that limit growth and yield in saline conditions. Yield is reduced if soil salinity surpasses crop‐specific thresholds, with cotton, barley and sugar beet being highly tolerant, while sweet potato, wheat and maize display high sensitivity. Apart from Na+, also Cl−, Mg2+, SO42‐ or HCO3‐ contribute to salt toxicity. The inhibition of biochemical or physiological processes cause imbalance in metabolism and cell signalling and enhance the production of reactive oxygen species interfering with cell redox and energy state. Plant development and root patterning is disturbed, and this response depends on redox and reactive oxygen species signalling, calcium and plant hormones. The interlink of the physiological understanding of tolerance processes from molecular processes as well as the agronomical techniques for stabilizing growth and yield and their interlinks might help improving our crops for future demand and will provide improvement for cultivating crops in saline environment.
Influence of temperature, humidity duration and growth stage on the infection and mycotoxin production by Fusarium langsethiae and Fusarium poae in oats
Authors: Schöneberg T. , Kibler K. , Wettstein F. E. , Bucheli T. D. , Forrer H. R. , Musa T. , Mascher F. , Bertossa M. , Keller B. , Vogelgsang S. 
Published: July 2018

High occurrence of Fusarium poae (FP) and Fusarium langsethiae (FL) and their mycotoxins nivalenol (NIV) and T‐2/HT‐2 have been observed in Swiss oats. Early prediction of mycotoxin levels is important for farmers and the cereal industry to minimize the risk of contaminated food and feed. Therefore, climate chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of different temperatures (10, 15, 20 °C) and durations (4, 8, 12 h) at 99% relative humidity (RH) on the infection of oats with FP and FL. In addition, to discover the most susceptible period of oats, artificial FL inoculations were conducted at different growth stages. Field experiments were performed to observe the dispersal of these fungal species within the field and to investigate the weather conditions that influence the dispersal. The climate chamber experiments revealed higher contamination with NIV and T‐2/HT‐2 in the 10 °C treatments and with a prolonged humidity duration of 12 h 99% RH. Inoculations of oat plants at early (DC 61) and mid (DC 65) anthesis, led to higher FL infection and T‐2/HT‐2 accumulation in the grains compared with treatments at earlier growth stages, which might be due to an increased susceptibility during anthesis. No indication for spore dispersal was observed in the field experiments. The results obtained, together with the cropping factors that influence infection and mycotoxin production, could be used as a first step in developing forecasting models to predict the contamination of oats with the mycotoxins NIV and T‐2/HT‐2.
Familial caregivers' experiences with home‐visit nursing for persons with dementia who live alone
Authors: Kitamura Tatsuru , Tanimoto Chie , Oe Shingo , Kitamura Maki , Hino Shoryoku 
Published: July 2018

AimThe Japanese Comprehensive Strategy to Accelerate Dementia Measures, known as the New Orange Plan, aims to support people with dementia living in their communities. Home‐visit nurses (HVN) are expected to play an important role in this comprehensive support system. In this preliminary study, we explored caregivers’ experiences before and after implementation of HVN care for persons with dementia who lived alone.MethodsThis study was a qualitative descriptive design using in‐depth interviews with five family caregivers of persons with dementia who lived alone while receiving HVN. Thematic content analysis was undertaken.ResultsBefore receiving HVN, caregivers experienced anxiety and embarrassment due to the occurrence of dementia symptoms, and they also experienced considerable isolation and anguish after hearing the diagnosis. After initiating HVN, caregivers gained a feeling of security and an alleviation of psychological stress. They also gained a deeper understanding of the disease and appropriate care for dementia patients. Notably, caregivers perceived not only positive changes in themselves, but also in the recipients, such as improvements in symptoms and quality of life. Finally, caregivers realized that people with dementia can live alone if appropriate services are provided.ConclusionHVN can have a positive impact on family caregivers involved in dementia care, as well as on the recipients’ psychological status. Overall, the experience of HVN made the family caregivers more positive about home care for their family member with dementia. Although further case studies are needed to make definitive conclusions, we believe that HVN could play a key role in the forthcoming New Orange Plan.
Thiazide therapy is not related to any changes in cognitive function in older hypertensive patients with or without dementia: a 26‐week follow‐up study
Authors: Kocyigit Suleyman Emre , Soysal Pinar , Ates Bulut Esra , Dokuzlar Ozge , Isik Ahmet Turan 
Published: July 2018

AimThe study aimed to evaluate the effect of thiazide diuretics, a first‐line antihypertensive therapy, on cognitive function in elderly hypertensive patients with or without cognitive impairment.MethodsThis retrospective and observational study assessed 286 elderly patients with hypertension. Patients were divided based on thiazide diuretic usage and then into dementia and non‐dementia groups. The comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed for all patients. All participants were re‐evaluated after a 26‐week period.ResultsIn total, 133 patients, including 62 with dementia, took thiazide. There were no significant differences between baseline and follow‐up laboratory findings, comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters, including detailed neurocognitive assessment, or electrolytes in the thiazide group, the non‐thiazide group, and the dementia group (P > 0.05).ConclusionThiazide therapy does not show any effect on cognitive function in older hypertensive adults regardless of dementia status.
Detailed analysis of the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test using Arabic‐hiragana conversion
Authors: Moriyama Yasushi , Yoshino Aihide , Muramatsu Taro , Mimura Masaru 
Published: July 2018

AimThe number‐transcoding task on the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test (RDST‐J) requires conversion between Arabic and Chinese numerals (209 to 二百九, 4054 to 四千五十四, 六百八十一 to 681, 二千二十七 to 2027). In this task, questions and answers are written for Chinese‐Arabic conversion. We reported that the RDST‐J could distinguish subjects with Alzheimer's disease with a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score of 0.5 from controls. In this study, we investigated the impact of changing the task to a hiragana‐Arabic conversion.MethodsParticipants consisted of 45 patients with a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score of 0.5 and 52 normal controls.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of total scores ≥9 on the two RDST‐J versions for discriminating subjects with a Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score of 0.5 from controls were 73.1% and 75.5%, respectively, on the original version, and 71.8% and 73.0%, respectively, on the revised version.ConclusionsThe sensitivity and specificity of the revised version of the RDST‐J was equivalent to those of the original version.
Developmental dynamics of autonomic function in childhood
Authors: Gatzke‐Kopp Lisa , Ram Nilam 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThere is a paucity of developmental data examining the stability of autonomic function during childhood, and even less is known regarding the extent of coordination between autonomic branches. To address this, autonomic measures of sympathetic (cardiac pre‐ejection period, PEP; electrodermal activity, and EDA) and parasympathetic (respiratory sinus arrhythmia and RSA) function were collected from 339 children annually from kindergarten to second grade. Physiology was quantified into 31 epochs 30 s in length, across a series of baselines and emotion‐inducing films. Rank‐order stability was observed for all three indices, but was higher for cardiac than electrodermal measures. A series of multilevel models was used to identify the proportion of variance in psychophysiological function attributable to the individual (trait), visit (potential developmental change), or epoch (reactivity to task). Both PEP and RSA had sizeable components of individual‐level variance, with PEP showing very small variance attributable to experimental task. In contrast, variance in EDA was largely attributable to task epoch. Variance decompositions of the parasympathetic–sympathetic coordination (e.g., RSA‐EDA) suggest that the branches of the autonomic system are prototypically cooperative, but evidence did not indicate traitlike stability or linear developmental change. The extent of coordination was moderated by emotional context, indicating that autonomic coordination varies dynamically within individuals. These findings have implications for future work attempting to identify the contextual, experiential, and demographic factors that modulate developmental trajectories of autonomic function and coordination, and for examination of how developmental changes in autonomic psychophysiology are related to or predict behavioral trajectories across a range of psychological domains.
Singleton pregnancy with concurrent pyometra in the contralateral horn in a bitch with a live puppy outcome
Authors: Sperling Susan , Mitchell Anna , Cheong Soon H. , Diel de Amorim Mariana 
Published: July 2018

ContentsA 20‐month‐old, 48‐day pregnant female American Bulldog was presented for intermittent bloody vaginal discharge of 4‐day duration. The bitch was clinically healthy with a mild neutrophilia. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a viable foetus in the left uterine horn and fluid in the right uterine horn. She was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and re‐examined at regular intervals to monitor for deterioration of the bitch or foetus. The uterine fluid progressively decreased in volume, and the puppy remained viable. A Caesarean section was performed on the bitch's expected due date, resulting in a healthy puppy. This is only the second published report of a pregnancy and concurrent pyometra with a live puppy outcome. This case is unique in that the bitch's pyometra resolved grossly during pregnancy.
Homology between cattle bull sperm and bacterial antigenic proteins viz a viz possible role in immunological infertility
Authors: Ahuja Ankit Kumar , Cheema Ranjna S. 
Published: July 2018

ContentsThis study was carried out to investigate the possible presence of identical sperm and bacterial antigens which may cause similar antisperm antibody production leading to lower fertility. Cross‐reactive antigens of cattle bull spermatozoa and different bacteria including Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were characterized by immunoblotting and mass fingerprinting. Significant cross‐reactivity was obtained for 75, 72, 44, 40, 33, 30, 25, 18, 14 kDa proteins with purified IgG of calves, heifers and cows between spermatozoa and the studied bacteria. Significantly (p < 0.05) matched cross‐reactive 40/33/30 kDa sperm, 33 kDa Staphylococcus sp/Bacillus sp and 40/25 kDa E. coli proteins were analyzed. Mass fingerprinting of 40/33/30 kDa (spermatozoa); 40/25 kDa (E. coli) and 33 kDa (Bacillus/Staphylococcus) proteins revealed their matching with vitellogenin‐1‐like/mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD/acrosin‐binding protein isoform XI; outer membrane insertion signal domain/spore coat protein and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, respectively. Acrosin‐binding protein isoform X1 and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD contributes to the capacitation of spermatozoa. Spore coat protein; glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase of E. coli; Bacillus/Staphylococcus are 37.6% and 39.01% identical to acrosin‐binding protein isoform X1; mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 2, NAD of cattle bull spermatozoa. It can be interpreted from these observations that cross‐reacting antibodies developed against 33/30 kDa sperm proteins and 25, 33 kDa bacterial proteins in cows may affect the functional activity of spermatozoa leading to delayed fertility in heifers and cows.
Doppler evaluation of umbilical artery during normal gestation in sheep
Authors: Troisi Alessandro , Cardinali Lucia , Orlandi Riccardo , Menchetti Laura , Robiteau Guillaume , Polisca Angela 
Published: July 2018

ContentsThroughout gestation, changes in foetal umbilical cord Doppler parameters in ewes were detected. Doppler ultrasonography of the umbilical artery was performed weekly starting at 18 weeks before parturition until birth. In the foetal umbilical artery (UA), systolic peak velocity (SPV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), increased (p for within‐subjects effect <0.001) while pulsatility index (PI) resistance index (RI) decreased (p for within‐subjects effect <0.001) with the progress of pregnancy. A linear trend was found on all patterns (p < 0.001). In particular, the EDV values increased significantly (p < 0.05) with respect to previous weeks, at weeks 16, 11, 10, 7, and 1 before parturition. The SPV values increased significantly (p < 0.05), with respect to previous observations, at weeks 11, 10, and 7 before parturition. Finally, the PI and RI decreased significantly (p < 0.05) only at week 7 before parturition. The increased velocities and reduced resistance index suggest a progressive increment in blood flow to the foetus towards the end of pregnancy. Foetal and utero‐placental vascular parameters can be reliably evaluated using high‐frequency ultrasound.