bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade Blocs
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The list of economic benefits of political union remains a long one, including the opening of markets and dismantling of monopolies, a reduction in the complexity of national standards and regulations as a result of harmonization, the building of common infrastructure and transport, economies of scale and the pursuit of comparative advantage in a larger market, and the removal of discriminatory laws. The psychological effect of making the foreign more accessible and familiar has been matched by actual market integration: more than 70 per cent of exports from EU members go to other member states, which is a far higher percentage than among contiguous economies in other trade areas. Although the EU has not produced large, innovative companies such as Apple, Google, and Amazon, with its tally of twelve comparing unfavourably with fifty-one big new firms in the US and forty-six in emerging markets between 1950 and 2000, it has gained an increased share of the world’s largest corporations. Citizens and consumers were more likely to base their judgements on the range and price of products, job security, public services, and environmental cooperation, all of which proved easier in a single market. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents in twelve member states avowed that membership of the EU had benefited their economies, even at the height of the eurozone crisis in the summer of 2011. Yet how much difference did the European Community and EU make and how much political integration was necessary? This chapter re-examines the relationship between such institutional integration and economic convergence, which has underpinned the European project from the start.
Living Europe
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Historians have been keen to provide proofs of convergence. ‘Is a European society emerging before our very eyes?’ asked Hartmut Kaelble in 1987: ‘Does it have different structures and ways of life from industrial societies in America and Asia?’ His conclusion was that there had been social convergence, beyond the economic integration of markets and a political integration of institutions, in eight respects: the history of the family, patterns of employment, big business, social mobility and education, social equality and inequality, urbanization, the welfare state and labour conflict. By 2009, Kaelble was more cautious, admitting that he lacked adequate empirical research, with some trends reinforcing and others undermining identification with European norms and lifestyles. What could still be said was, first, that there remained significant instances of social integration in important fields such as work, health, migration, education, urban life, social welfare programmes, and media; second, European lifestyles have become increasingly internationalized since the 1950s and 1960s, with more consumer goods imported from other European countries rather than the United States or East Asia and with more citizens travelling, studying, working, marrying, and retiring elsewhere in Europe; and, third, the representation of other European countries has changed, given the gradual erosion of citizens’ experiences and memories of war. For the French historian René Girault, it has proved possible on this basis to distinguish between a Europe vécue (norms, lifestyles, solidarity), Europe pensée (debates about Europe) and Europe voulue (European institutions in the future).
Member States
Authors: Hewitson Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although the ways in which European governments have combined have always been complicated, with the formation of loose groupings and a distinction between large and small states, they have become more varied and complex over time, as the European Community and EU have grown from six members to twenty-eight and as their competencies have increased. Despite repeatedly expressed fears of German ascendancy or, even, hegemony, the FRG has only 18.5% of the EU’s population (2020), 22% of its nominal GDP and, until 2014 (when QMV was tied to population and a majority of member states), 8.5% of the vote in the European Council. Notwithstanding the spread of qualified majority voting and co-decision (involving a veto for the European Parliament) to a wider range of policy areas, there is less chance of proponents of supranationality in a single state or group of states imposing their will on others. The governments of large and medium-sized member states have, in any event, usually been eager to retain critical powers and competencies in the main fields of policy-making.
Endgames in the New Millennium
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Eschenauer-Engler Tanja , Kuehn David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 analyzes twelve endgames that occurred between the 2000 “Bulldozer Revolution” in Serbia and the 2014 uprising in Burkina Faso and include the so-called “color revolutions” in Eastern Europe and Central Asia as well as the mass protests during the so called “Arab Spring” of 2010–2011. Comparative and case study analyses of the six instances of repression affirm that military loyalty hinges on the dictator’s ability to offer material spoils and political privileges, and to employ politicized promotion and recruitment processes. In Serbia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tunisia in contrast, military leaders did not benefit from the continued existence of the incumbent regime and sided with the opposition. While the endgame coups in Egypt (2011 and 2013) were prompted by threats to the military’s extensive institutional interests, the takeover in Burkina Faso (2014) allowed the previously marginalized military to oust an unpopular president and strengthen their position.
Introduction
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe introduction introduces the unique story of the infantes and Mudarra, a medieval narrative set in the tenth-century borderland between the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba and the County of Castile, and it sets out its singularity versus other medieval fictions: it is a story of Castilian colonial weakness versus a socioeconomically dominant and morally superior al-Andalus. Memories of Colonisation studies rewritings of this story as a contested cultural memory, the rewriting of which in later periods complicates notions of Castilian superiority at the seat of empire. It delineates the book’s theoretical framework grounded in memory studies and postcolonial studies, as by returning to and reworking the colonial situation of tenth-century Iberia, these works ultimately produce a kind of postcolonial melancholia for an imperial power in various stages of growth and decline that recalls a time when it was dominated. As an examination of Spanish literary neomedievalism, this book also explores how this serves as a productive, prescient discourse of cultural memory through which chroniclers, poets, playwrights, and authors from the thirteenth to the nineteenth century can question the inevitability of Christian-Castilian colonial hegemony by invoking a narrative of Christian Castile’s own subjugation by a superior Umayyad Caliphate. It also draws on theories of melancholy and historical memory, including those developed by Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin, to uncover how each text exposes the task of creating memory in the present and thereby challenges the notion of a stable, incontestable past for Castile and Spain.
Remembering Borderlands in Border Texts
Authors: De Souza Rebecca 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter offers a poetic interlude that temporarily breaks the diachronic trajectory of this study. It demonstrates competing discourses on medieval Iberia in the sixteenth century by contrasting the exclusionary politics of contemporary chronicles to romances or ballads which reached a mass public in pliegos sueltos and cancioneros thanks to the printing press. These poems fixate on the fluidity of medieval interpersonal and geographic frontiers in their narrations of cross-border cooperation and Mudarra’s revenge. They thereby remind their audiences of the benefits of medieval Iberia’s fluid geographic and religio-racial boundaries at a time when Spain’s internal borders were being erased and its external borders were expanding and contracting through colonial networks in the Americas and the Mediterranean. Like the chronicles, romances explore how border crossings function geographically and interpersonally, but unlike them they depart from metahistoriography and instead embody the notion of the border in their poetic structure. Three early modern poems are then contrasted to a Ladino romansa from 1950s New York, which forgets medieval Iberia and instead sings of the Sephardic diaspora’s immediate history in the Ottoman Empire. It thereby challenges prior critical assumptions that it has anything to do with this story or its medieval precedent; instead of a reflection of Castilian disempowerment in light of Andalusi colonial domination, it depicts a vague, likely Ottoman, borderland in which an uncertain narrative voice works through the forgetting of the diaspora’s more distant Iberian history.
Considering the Coloniality of the Liberal Script
Authors: Kerner Ina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the way in which European modernity, and the West more generally, are reflected upon in the field of post- and decolonial theories, which generally question those representations of the European/Western tradition of thought and politics that only focus on their positive aspects, but differ greatly with regard to the way in which they frame and formulate their critique of this tradition. Three major positions in this field are discussed. They are characterized by the rejection of Western modernity (Walter Mignolo), by a deconstruction of core texts and principles of the European Enlightenment (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak), and by attempts at a renewal and hence a radicalization of some of its core normative claims, particularly humanism (Achille Mbembe). The chapter’s conclusion connects these positions to the notion of the liberal script and suggests how they help us understand aspects of the coloniality of this script.
Modernity, Empire, Progress
Authors: Paulin-Booth Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter uses the lens of temporality to explore the emergence of the “liberal script” at the beginning of the 19th century. In particular, it employs an intellectual history methodology and focuses on the work of liberal intellectuals such as Alexis de Tocqueville in France and Rammohan Roy in India. Responding to the sense that time was accelerating, thinkers all over the globe responded to the onslaught of modernity by turning to liberal ideas. Despite having been used to call colonization into question, liberalism became increasingly intertwined with empire as ideas about progress and “civilization” in contrast to “backwardness” became more rigid and racialized. Ultimately, the chapter demonstrates how exploring ideas about time can offer a new perspective on liberal thought.
The Rule of Law in the Liberal Script
Authors: Kumm Mattias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The commitment to the rule of law as an ideal is central to the liberal script, yet its meaning remains contested. Those contestations relate both to the distinctive point of the ideal and the more concrete features it requires. The point of the ideal, this chapter argues, is not only to highlight the virtues of laws formalities, but to articulate the conditions that must be met in order for law to actually have the authority it claims to have. What those conditions are is also disputed. It is possible to distinguish between classical and neoliberal interpretations, republican interpretations and constitutionalist interpretations of the rule of law, with the last having the strongest arguments on its side.
Global Liberalism and Women’s Rights
Authors: Lerch Julia C. , Ramirez Francisco O. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Throughout the 20th century the status of women changed globally, with women acquiring greater citizenship rights and later human rights. This transformation reflected the liberal valorization of women as individuals, but also the socialist emphasis on women as a collective to be emancipated. In the post-World War II era, and especially after the Soviet Union collapsed, liberal models of gender equality became dominant worldwide. Today, they are under duress, often as part of broader challenges to liberal democracies. We here consider the relationships between liberalism and women’s rights and outline possible implications of anti-liberal challenges. We first reflect on liberal and socialist bases for gender equality, overlapping in some but in tension in other realms. Next, we delineate how a global liberal culture—increasingly dominant post-Cold War—framed and prioritized women’s rights. Lastly, we assess challenges arising from anti-liberal contestations and consider which women’s rights are likely most vulnerable.
Durability and Disruption
Authors: Freeden Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An assessment of salient and implicit themes throughout the volume. Among them are liberalism’s morphological fluidity and its continuously negotiable boundaries, as well as its temporal and spatial diversity. Liberalism’s contestations emerge not only from external critics condemning its colonial and imperial impact, but also from internal reforming tendencies aiming at modernizing it and expanding its social conscience. It has been distorted by exaggerated dichotomies between the “West” and the “non-West” that underplay its subtle nuances. The importance of liberalism’s complementary individualist and communal aspects is emphasized. It also displays a recent shift away from abstract and depersonalized universalism toward a concrete inclusivity aimed at specified groups. Finally, insights into temporality now identify different speeds of liberal change within its conceptual components alongside the stochastic discontinuity and rupture of liberal narratives.
Contesting Austerity
Authors: Goldmann Matthias 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The dominant understanding of the role of human rights in the context of austerity induced by sovereign debt crises has shifted markedly over time. It reflects, and may have influenced, the genealogies of human rights law in the postwar era. Four different paradigms emerge at crucial turning points. During the 1970s, the decade preceding the debt crisis of the 1980s, the idea of austerity as a response to debt crises was contested by the basic (human) needs approach and by the proposal of a New International Economic Order. Then, the debt crisis beginning in the 1980s silenced, rather than provoked, any form of human rights-based critique. When the Iron Curtain fell, conditionalities in relation to debt restructurings became rather intrusive. This led civil society to articulate its critique of austerity in terms of human rights. The impact of austerity on the European periphery led to much human rights litigation, but a number of structural obstacles prevented its success. Instead, the crisis aftermath saw enormous progress in the political recognition of human rights as relevant standards for austerity. While this genealogy shows the contingency of human rights discourse in relation to austerity, it reveals its potential for challenging economic expertise and enhancing social progress.
Thanks for Nothing
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 1980, single-mother families were five times as likely as two-parent families to be poor. Forty years later, single-mother families are still five times as likely to be poor. How can this be given the vast increases in education and employment achieved by American women over the past four decades? This book provides some answers. The authors undertake a deep dive into the economics of single motherhood with almost 40 years of data from two large national surveys, the Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey (CPS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth’s (NLSY) 1979 cohort. They find that the mystery of single mother’s economic stagnation can be explained by changes in the kind of women most likely to become single mothers. In 1980, most single mothers were divorced women; 40 years later, the majority are mothers who gave birth out of wedlock. On paper, divorced women look a lot like their married contemporaries, but with one income instead of two. Never-married mothers are a completely different population. They have less education, work less, and receive lower economic returns to their educational credentials when they do work. They’re also far more likely to themselves have grown up in underprivileged families. These findings accord with a scholarly tradition that dates back to the publication of the 1965 Moynihan Report. Moynihan, the authors aver, raised public awareness of single parenthood as a matter of public interest, and also pointed the way to a better public policy.
Introduction
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter establishes that single motherhood is relevant to academic studies of inequality, and chronicles how official thinking about single mothers has evolved in the U.S., especially over the past four decades. Many studies have missed the mark in consequential ways, most notably scholarship on teenaged motherhood and on the effects of the landmark welfare reform legislation of 1996. The authors describe their approach to single motherhood, and how it motivates subsequent chapters of the book.
Who Are These Mothers?
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents data from 39 annual waves of the Current Population Survey (CPS), collected between 1980 and 2018, to explore the changing social, economic, and demographic attributes of mothers. Female CPS participants with minor children at home are divided into three categories: married mothers, divorced mothers, and never-married mothers. The authors show how mothers’ attributes have changed since 1980. Among the attributes considered: mother’s age at first birth, family size, education, whether mothers are working and the kinds of jobs they hold, income, nonmarital cohabitation, co-residence with a mother’s own parents, and race/ethnicity. The results show that the attributes of all mothers have changed since 1980, but the trends vary by marital status and have key implications for income.
Counting Change
Authors: Wolfinger Nicholas H. , McKeever Matthew 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to conduct multivariate analysis to show how the individual and family attributes described in Chapter 2 affect family income. Results based on median regression models show that married mothers are in a class of their own and increasingly enjoy advantages that go far beyond just the presence of a second income. The authors show that married mothers benefit more from human capital and that these benefits have grown larger since 1980. On the other end of the spectrum, never-married mothers fare the worst. Even when they have jobs and four-year college degrees, they’re less successful at converting these attributes into income.
Acute psychosis
Authors: Fowler Leanne H. , Jackson-Burns Shantell 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Mental illnesses are the leading causes of disability worldwide. Psychotic disorders occur in about 3% of people in the general population during their lifetimes. Patients experiencing acute psychosis need a medical provider who is capable of differentiating among medical, drug-induced, and psychiatric causes of the presentation to initiate the most appropriate management plan. This article focuses on the role of the acute care NP in medical clearance evaluations and initial management of adult patients experiencing acute psychosis in acute care settings.
Addressing the mental health needs of patients with cancer and their families during survivorship
Authors: Wade Catherine S. , Duncan Cameron 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Diagnosis with cancer can be a shocking, life-altering, and traumatic experience for both the affected patient and their family, which may include immediate or extended family, significant others, and caregivers. Living with or surviving cancer can negatively impact the patient and their family members individually, and it can also result in negative effects on the patient-family dyad. In the US alone, the American Cancer Society anticipates approximately 2 million new cases of cancer in 2024; moreover, as many as 25% to 30% of cancer survivors experience anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Although healthcare providers are often pressed for time during routine initial and follow-up appointments, exploration of the person with cancer's journey through the disease course must be a priority and a collaborative effort. Prompt identification of mental health disorders, including substance use disorders, in people with cancer and their family members is essential to the well-being of the dyad. Many primary care providers provide both primary care services and survivorship care, such as posttreatment preexisting and secondary cancer surveillance, to cancer survivors. Primary care NPs are therefore well positioned to screen, assess, and treat mental health conditions in the cancer survivor and their family. The primary care NP also may have a greater opportunity to interface with patients' family members, thereby promoting healthier families and societies.
Contemporary Trends in Cardiac Surgical Care for Trisomy 13 and 18 Patients Admitted to Hospitals in the United States
Authors: Greenberg Jason W. , Kulshrestha Kevin , Ramineni Aadhyasri , Winlaw David S. , Lehenbauer David G. , Zafar Farhan , Cooper David S. , Morales David L.S. 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from J Pediatr 2024;268:113955)
Trisomy 13 (T13) and trisomy 18 (T18) are genetic conditions that are associated with fetal malformations, including congenital heart disease (CHD). Historically, patients with T13 or T18 and CHD were primarily treated with palliative care due to low survival rates, and a diagnosis of T13 or T18 was considered a contraindication to cardiac surgery.
Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Stage I Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Song Bonnie B. , Anderson Zachary S. , Masjedi Aaron D. , Lee Matthew W. , Mandelbaum Rachel S. , Klar Maximilian , Roman Lynda D. , Wright Jason D. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: November 2024

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2024;144:68–78)
Fertility preservation is an important aspect of the treatment of this disease in younger women. Previous research has provided ample evidence for fertility-sparing surgery in nonepithelial ovarian tumors, but there are few data for epithelial ovarian cancer in this context.