bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten-day and four-week toxicity and toxicokinetics studies of alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin in juvenile Göttingen minipigs
Authors: Maronpot Robert R , Ramot Yuval , Koyanagi Mihoko , Dias Nicola , Cameron David , Eniola Samuel , Nyska Abraham , Hayashi Shim-mo 
Published: June 2019

Background: Alpha-glycosyl isoquercitrin (AGIQ) is widely used as an anti-oxidative food additive in many products. Nevertheless, information on its safety and toxicity is still very limited. A 90-day toxicity study in rats and comprehensive genotoxic studies have proven AGIQ to be safe. Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the safety of use of AGIQ in infant formula. To test for potential adverse effects on growth or other safety issues specific for young animals, we performed a 10-day and a 4-week study in preweaning Göttingen minipigs. Method: Newborn minipigs were treated four times per day with oral AGIQ (0, 100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg/day) for 10 days or 4 weeks. Results: All animals remained in good health throughout both studies, and there were no treatment-related signs of toxicity or abnormal findings in blood parameters. In the 4-week study, yellow coloration of the bones was seen in all animals in the high-dose group with no related histological findings. Hepatocellular and sinusoidal/Kupffer cell iron deposition was seen in the liver of all animals in both studies, as expected after the routine administration of supplemental iron to newborn animals. There was sufficient evidence of systemic exposure based on plasma levels of AGIQ metabolites. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings show that oral administration of AGIQ in reconstituted milk supplement to preweaning Göttingen minipigs for 4 weeks at up to 1000 mg/kg/day does not result in any adverse treatment-related effects and further support the safety of AGIQ as a food additive.
Pulmonary vascular density: comparison of findings on computed tomography imaging with histology
Authors: Rahaghi Farbod N. , Argemí Gemma , Nardelli Pietro , Domínguez-Fandos David , Arguis Pedro , Peinado Víctor I. , Ross James C. , Ash Samuel Y. , de La Bruere Isaac , Come Carolyn E. , Diaz Alejandro A. , Sánchez Marcelo , Washko George R. , Barberà Joan Albert , San José Estépar Raúl 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundExposure to cigarette smoke has been shown to lead to vascular remodelling. Computed tomography (CT) imaging measures of vascular pruning have been associated with pulmonary vascular disease, an important morbidity associated with smoking. In this study we compare CT-based measures of distal vessel loss to histological vascular and parenchymal changes.MethodsA retrospective review of 80 patients who had undergone lung resection identified patients with imaging appropriate for three-dimensional (3D) vascular reconstruction (n=18) and a second group for two-dimensional (2D) analysis (n=19). Measurements of the volume of the small vessels (3D) and the cross-sectional area of the small vessels (<5 mm2cross-section) were computed. Histological measures of cross-sectional area of the vasculature and loss of alveoli septa were obtained for all subjects.ResultsThe 2D cross-sectional area of the vasculature on CT imaging was associated with the histological vascular cross-sectional area (r=0.69; p=0.001). The arterial small vessel volume assessed by CT correlated with the histological vascular cross-sectional area (r=0.50; p=0.04), a relationship that persisted even when adjusted for CT-derived measures of emphysema in a regression model.ConclusionsLoss of small vessel volume in CT imaging of smokers is associated with histological loss of vascular cross-sectional area. Imaging-based quantification of pulmonary vasculature provides a noninvasive method to study the multiscale effects of smoking on the pulmonary circulation.
Systematic review on the comparative effectiveness of foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tenten‐Diepenmaat Marloes , Dekker Joost , Heymans Martijn W. , Roorda Leo D. , Vliet Vlieland Thea P. M. , van der Leeden Marike 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFoot orthoses (FOs) are prescribed as an important conservative treatment option in patients with foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis. However, a broad variation in FOs is used, both in clinical practice and in research. To date, there is no overview on the outcomes of the treatment with different kinds of FOs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a specific foot problem. The objectives of the present study were to summarize the comparative effectiveness of FOs in the treatment of various foot problems in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, on the primary outcomes foot function and foot pain, and the secondary outcomes physical functioning, health related quality of life, compliance, adverse events, the costs of FOs and patient satisfaction.MethodsStudies comparing different kinds of FOs, with a presumed therapeutic effect, in the treatment of foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis were included. A literature search was conducted in The Cochrane Central Registry for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, EMBASE and PEDro up to May 18th, 2018. Data was meta‐analyzed, when this was not possible qualitative data analysis was performed.ResultsTen studies were identified, with a total number of 235 patients. These studies made a comparison between different materials used (soft versus semi‐rigid), types of FOs (custom‐made versus ready‐made; total‐contact versus non‐total contact), or modifications applied (metatarsal bars versus domes). Also, different techniques to construct custom‐made FOs were compared (standard custom‐molding techniques versus more sophisticated techniques). A medium effect for (immediate) reduction of forefoot plantar pressure was found in favor of treatment with soft FOs compared to semi‐rigid FOs (SMD 0.60, 95% CI 0.07–1.14; P = 0.03; 28 participants). Other comparisons between FOs resulted in non‐significant effects or inconclusive evidence for one kind of FOs over the other.ConclusionsFoot orthoses made of soft materials may lead to more (immediate) forefoot plantar pressure reduction compared to foot orthoses constructed of semi‐rigid materials. Definitive high quality RCTs, with adequate sample sizes and long‐term follow‐up, are needed to investigate the comparative (cost‐) effectiveness of different kinds of foot orthoses for the treatment of foot problems related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Open dialogue in the UK: qualitative study
Authors: Tribe Rachel H. , Freeman Abigail M. , Livingstone Steven , Stott Joshua C. H. , Pilling Stephen 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundOpen dialogue is an integrative approach to the organisation of specialist mental health services and therapeutic meetings.AimsThis qualitative study sought to explore service users' and clinicians’ experiences of network meetings during the implementation of open dialogue in a modified version, for a UK-based mental health service.MethodIn total 19 participants were interviewed (8 service users and 11 clinicians) and an inductive thematic analysis of the data was conducted.ResultsFour dominant themes were identified: (1) open dialogue delivery, (2) the impact of open dialogue principles; (3) intense interactions and enhanced communication, and (4) organisational challenges. Clinicians considered open dialogue as a preferred, but challenging way of working, while being therapeutic. The data indicated that service users' experiences of network meetings were mixed. There was a wide variety of service user views as to what the purpose of a network meeting was and for some witnessing reflective conversations felt strange. However, the majority described feeling listened to and understood, excluding one service user who described their experience as distressing. Clinicians expressed an authentic self in their interactions with service users and both service users and clinicians described network meetings as emotionally expressive, although this was described as overwhelming at times.ConclusionsThe results of this thematic analysis indicate that service users' and clinicians’ experiences of open dialogue warrant further investigation. The intensity of interactions in network meetings should be carefully considered with service users before gaining consent to commence treatment. Implementation of open dialogue should be monitored to assess clinician- and service-level adherence to the principles of the approach.Declaration of interestNone.
Sodium valproate in psychiatric practice: time for a change in perception
Authors: Owens David Cunningham 
Published: June 2019

SummarySodium valproate and related preparations have recently undergone regulatory review following concern about effects on the unborn child and doctors' failure to communicate risk. The issues are wider. Valproate is overused in psychiatry based on the false perception that ‘ease’ of use equates to better safety than alternatives. Valproic acid can disrupt fundamental physiological processes, the consequences of which are poorly understood and little discussed in the psychiatric literature. Valproate may be useful in a small number of patients with bipolar disorder but current prescribing patterns are unjustified. Perception needs to change.Declaration of interestD.C.O. is psychiatric commissioner on the Commission on Human Medicines and a member of the European Medicines Agency's Scientific Advisory Group on Psychiatry. He chaired the European Medicines Agency's review of the psychiatric use of valproate in pregnancy and women of childbearing potential.
Erlotinib Versus Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin as Neoadjuvant Treatment of Stage IIIA-N2 EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (EMERGING-CTONG 1103): A Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Zhong Wen-Zhao , Chen Ke-Neng , Chen Chun , Gu Chun-Dong , Wang Jun , Yang Xue-Ning , Mao Wei-Min , Wang Qun , Qiao Gui-Bin , Cheng Ying , Xu Lin , Wang Chang-Li , Chen Ming-Wei , Kang Xiaozheng , Yan Wanpu , Yan Hong-Hong , Liao Ri-Qiang , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhang Xu-Chao , Zhou Qing , Wu Yi-Long 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE To assess the benefits of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapies in locally advanced EGFR mutation-positive non–small-cell lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter (17 centers in China), open-label, phase II, randomized controlled trial of erlotinib versus gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC chemotherapy) as neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy in patients with stage IIIA-N2 non–small-cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations in exon 19 or 21 (EMERGING). Patients received erlotinib 150 mg/d (neoadjuvant therapy, 42 days; adjuvant therapy, up to 12 months) or gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2 (neoadjuvant therapy, two cycles; adjuvant therapy, up to two cycles). Assessments were performed at 6 weeks and every 3 months postsurgery. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1; secondary end points were pathologic complete response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS Of 386 patients screened, 72 were randomly assigned to treatment (intention-to-treat population), and 71 were included in the safety analysis (one patient withdrew before treatment). The ORR for neoadjuvant erlotinib versus GC chemotherapy was 54.1% versus 34.3% (odds ratio, 2.26; 95% CI, 0.87 to 5.84; P = .092). No pathologic complete response was identified in either arm. Three (9.7%) of 31 patients and zero of 23 patients in the erlotinib and GC chemotherapy arms, respectively, had a major pathologic response. Median PFS was significantly longer with erlotinib (21.5 months) versus GC chemotherapy (11.4 months; hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.67; P < .001). Observed adverse events reflected those most commonly seen with the two treatments. CONCLUSION The primary end point of ORR with 42 days of neoadjuvant erlotinib was not met, but the secondary end point PFS was significantly improved.
Collaborative Molecular Epidemiology Study of Metabolic Dysregulation, DNA Methylation, and Breast Cancer Risk Among Nigerian Women: MEND Study Objectives and Design
Authors: Akinyemiju Tomi , Salako Omolola , Daramola Adetola , Alatise Olusegun , Adeniyi Adewale , Ogun Gabriel , Ayandipo Omobolaji , Olajide Thomas , Olasehinde Olalekan , Arowolo Olukayode , Adisa Adewale , Afuwape Oludolapo , Olusanya Aralola , Adegoke Aderemi , Ojo Akinlolu , Tollefsbol Trygve , Arnett Donna 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSETo elucidate the role of metabolic dysregulation and associated DNA methylation changes on breast cancer risk and aggressive subtypes among Nigerian women. We describe the design and methods of a collaborative molecular epidemiology study of breast cancer in Nigerian hospitals.METHODSThe Mechanisms for Novel and Established Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Women of Nigerian Descent (MEND) study was designed as a matched case-control study of 350 patients, age 18 to 75 years, with newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve breast cancer and 350 age-matched healthy controls from surrounding geographic areas. Patients with breast cancer seen for initial diagnosis at four large tertiary hospitals in southwest Nigeria and one affiliated private hospital were recruited. Healthy female controls were selected from a cohort of 4,000 healthy women recruited as part of the Human Heredity and Health (H3) in Africa Chronic Kidney Disease Case-Control Study in Nigeria. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue, and blood and saliva samples were collected for molecular and epigenetic assays.RESULTSAlthough recruitment is ongoing, a total of 416 patients have been recruited to date, with tumor and blood samples obtained from at least 310 patients. Data on age-matched (± 6 months) controls have also been obtained and harmonized. Lipid assays for 350 pathologically verified cases and 350 age-matched controls is underway, and pathologic characterization of tumors (including immunohistochemistry for subtyping) is ongoing. Data on DNA methylation for tumors and adjacent normal tissue are expected by the end of the study period.CONCLUSIONThe MEND study will provide a unique, high-quality source of data to evaluate the contribution of metabolic dysregulation such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome to the biology of breast cancer among Nigerian women and foster collaborative studies relevant for women of African descent globally.
MRI-based treatment planning for liver stereotactic body radiotherapy: validation of a deep learning-based synthetic CT generation method
Authors: Liu Yingzi , Lei Yang , Wang Tonghe , Kayode Oluwatosin , Tian Sibo , Liu Tian , Patel Pretesh , Curran Walter J. , Ren Lei , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
The purpose of this work is to develop and validate a learning-based method to derive electron density from routine anatomical MRI for potential MRI-based SBRT treatment planning.

Methods:
We proposed to integrate dense block into cycle generative adversarial network (GAN) to effectively capture the relationship between the CT and MRI for CT synthesis. A cohort of 21 patients with co-registered CT and MR pairs were used to evaluate our proposed method by the leave-one-out cross-validation. Mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation were used to quantify the imaging differences between the synthetic CT (sCT) and CT. The accuracy of Hounsfield unit (HU) values in sCT for dose calculation was evaluated by comparing the dose distribution in sCT-based and CT-based treatment planning. Clinically relevant dose–volume histogram metrics were then extracted from the sCT-based and CT-based plans for quantitative comparison.

Results:
The mean absolute error, peak signal-to-noise ratio and normalized cross-correlation of the sCT were 72.87 ± 18.16 HU, 22.65 ± 3.63 dB and 0.92 ± 0.04, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the majority of the planning target volume and organ at risk dose–volume histogram metrics ( p  &gt;  0.05). The average pass rate of γ analysis was over 99% with 1%/1 mm acceptance criteria on the coronal plane that intersects with isocenter.

Conclusion:
The image similarity and dosimetric agreement between sCT and original CT warrant further development of an MRI-only workflow for liver stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Advances in knowledge:
This work is the first deep-learning-based approach to generating abdominal sCT through dense-cycle-GAN. This method can successfully generate the small bony structures such as the rib bones and is able to predict the HU values for dose calculation with comparable accuracy to reference CT images.
In-hospital mortality associated with transcatheter arterial embolization for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients on hemodialysis for end stage renal disease: a matched-pair cohort study using a nationwide database
Authors: Sato Masaya , Tateishi Ryosuke , Yasunaga Hideo , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Ikeda Hitoshi , Yatomi Yutaka , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:No previous study has evaluated the risks associated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients on hemodialysis (HD) for end stage renal disease (ESRD), because invasive treatment is rarely performed for such patients. We used a nationwide database to investigate in-hospital mortality and complication rates following TACE in patients on HD for ESRD.Methods:Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we enrolled patients on HD for ESRD who underwent TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma. For each patient, we randomly selected up to four non-dialyzed patients using a matched-pair sampling method based on the patient’s age, sex, treatment hospital, and treatment year. In-hospital mortality and complication rates were compared between dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients following TACE.Results:We compared matched pairs of 1551 dialyzed and 5585 non-dialyzed patients. Although the complication rate did not differ between the dialyzed and non-dialyzed ESRD patients [5.7% vs 5.8%, respectively; odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval (0.79–1.23); p = 0.90], the in-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in dialyzed ESRD patients than in non-dialyzed patients [2.2% vs 0.97%, respectively; odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval (1.44–3.40); p < 0.001]. Among the dialyzed patients, the mortality rate was not significantly associated with sex, age, Charlson comorbidity index, or hospital volume.Conclusions:The in-hospital mortality rate following TACE was 2.2 % and was significantly higher in dialyzed than in non-dialyzed ESRD patients. The indications for TACE in HD-dependent patients should be considered carefully with respect to the therapeutic benefits vs risks.Advances in knowledge:In hospital mortality rate following TACE in dialyzed patients was more than twice compared to non-dialyzed patients. Post-procedural complication following TAE in ESRD onHD patients was 5.7%, and did not differ from that in non dialyzed patients.
Diversity of mammals in forest patches of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: HUSODO TEGUH , FEBRIANTO PUPUT , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , SHANIDA SYA SYA , PUJIANTO MUHAMMAD PAHLA 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Husodo T, Febrianto P, Megantara EN, Shanida SS, Pujianto MP. 2019. Diversity of mammals in forest patches of Cisokan, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1281-1288. Most species on Java, Indonesia are ecologically associated with or dependent on forests, the island’s high deforestation rates are a major threat to its species. Until now, various efforts to conserve mammals are still focused on natural ecosystems, such as forests. There has not been much research on mammals carried out specifically in non-conservation forest areas, whereas many regions in Indonesia have extensive community lands in the landscape and are directed to be areas that have a conservation function, besides still functioning as a production system. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the diversity of mammals that are still found in Cisokan especially those that have high conservation status and their habitat. Combination of several research methods applied, such as semi-structured interview, sign survey, direct observation, camera trapping, and collapsible trap. Mammalian diversity in the Cisokan forest patched is found in 26 species and among them are endangered species, such as Javan Leopard, Pangolin, and Slow Loris. These three species occupy diverse land cover from natural forest to human lands, such as production forests, settlements, rice fields, and agroforestry or mixed gardens. The existence of these species on human land has the potential for human-wildlife conflict, so it needs to be studied further in wildlife management in Cisokan.
CO2 fluxes from drained tropical peatland used for oil palm plantation in relation to peat characteristics and crop age after planting
Authors: GUSMAYANTI EVI , ANSHARI GUSTI Z , PRAMULYA MUHAMMAD , RULIYANSYAH AGUS 
Published: June 2019

Large expansion of oil palm plantation on peatland has changed its important role for carbon sink into a carbon source. Conversion of peat swamp forest with high carbon density into a monoculture of oil palm has released the significant amount of carbon into atmosphere either carbon previously stored in forest biomass or carbon stored in peat organic matter. Drainage canal to artificially lower groundwater level as a prerequisite of oil palm cultivation provides the favorable condition for soil microbes activities in decomposing peat organic matter resulted in CO2 flux increase. The fluctuation of groundwater level and variation of environmental factors near the peat surface may regulate the rate of CO2 released from the soil. We aimed to measure CO2 fluxes from two sites of oil palm plantation with different peat characteristics and analyzed the correlation with groundwater level, soil temperature, air temperature, gravimetric water content, peat pH, oxidative reductive potential, and crop age. The measurement has been conducted from September 2016 to April 2017 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia by using portable infrared gas analyzer EGM 4. In addition to soil sampling at the same time as the gas measurement, we collected soil samples for some peat characteristics analysis consist of bulk density, particle density, porosity, soil organic matter, ash content, carbon, and nitrogen content prior to CO2 flux measurement. Our result shows that the difference of peat chemical characteristics between two sites has resulted in different CO2 flux. Oil palm ages seemed to affect CO2 flux by regulating microclimatic condition around crop canopy. Another finding is the insignificant relationship between CO2 fluxes and groundwater level unless the groundwater level reached more than 50 cm from the peat surface. It implies that maintaining groundwater level-up to 50 cm resulting in similar CO2 flux.