bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mass Casualty Incident in Turin, 2017: A Case Study of Disaster Responders’ Mental Health in an Italian Level I Hospital
Authors: Caramello Valeria , Bertuzzi Leticia , Ricceri Fulvio , Albert Umberto , Maina Giuseppe , Boccuzzi Adriana , Della Corte Francesco , Schreiber Merritt C 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:To assess the psychological impact of a mass casualty incident (MCI) in a subset of personnel in a level I hospital.Methods:Emergency department staff responded to an MCI in June 2017 in Turin, Italy by an unexpected sudden surge of casualties following a stampede (mass escape). Participants completed the Psychological Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment Responder Self-Triage System (PsySTART-R), which classified the potential risk of psychological distress in “no risk” versus “at risk” categorization and identified a range of impacts aggregated for the population of medical responders. Participants were administered a questionnaire on the perceived effectiveness of management of the MCI. Two months later, the participants were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5).Results:The majority of the responders were classified as “no risk” by the PsySTART-R; no significant differences on HADS, K6, and PCL-5 were found in the participants grouped by the PsySTART-R categories. The personnel acquainted to work in emergency contexts (emergency department and intensive care unit) scored significantly lower in the HADS than the personnel usually working in other wards. The number of positive PsySTART-R criteria correlated with the HADS depression score.Conclusions:Most of the adverse psychological implications of the MCI were well handled and averted by the responders. A possible explanation could be related to factors such as the clinical condition of the victims (most were not severely injured, no fatalities), the small number of casualties (87) brought to the hospital, the event not being considered life-threatening, and its brief duration, among others. Responders had mainly to cope with a sudden surge in casualties and with organizational issues.
Home Health Service Provision After Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Horowitz Jennifer , Iwashyna Theodore 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:To determine the extent of service disruption among home health agencies impacted by Hurricane Harvey.Methods:Structured interviews with optional open-ended questions were conducted with home health agencies in and around Houston, Texas. A random sample of 277 agencies was selected and contacted via telephone during the study period, from February to May of 2018.Results:Only 45% of 122 participating agencies indicated that their offices were open during Hurricane Harvey, and three-fourths reported that home visits were disrupted. The length of disruption varied: 7% reported a disruption of 1 day or less and 46% indicated a disruption of 1 week or longer. Disruption occurred even though nearly all (99%) of the agencies had—and close to all (92%) of them activated—an emergency preparedness plan.Conclusions:Although most of the participating home health agencies activated their emergency preparedness plan, significant disruption in home health services occurred. While agencies are required to have clear, detailed plans in place, gaps in effective implementation of emergency preparedness plans remain.
Healthcare-associated urinary tract infections with onset post hospital discharge
Authors: Elman Miriam R. , Williams Craig D. , Bearden David T. , Townes John M. , Heintzman John D. , Lapidus Jodi A. , Kullar Ravina , Markwardt Sheila , Trieu Amanda T. , Vahidi Arrash A. , McGregor Jessina C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:Current surveillance for healthcare-associated (HA) urinary tract infection (UTI) is focused on catheter-associated infection with hospital onset (HO-CAUTI), yet this surveillance does not represent the full burden of HA-UTI to patients. Our objective was to measure the incidence of potentially HA, community-onset (CO) UTI in a retrospective cohort of hospitalized patients.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Academic, quaternary care, referral center.Patients:Hospitalized adults at risk for HA-UTI from May 2009 to December 2011 were included.Methods:Patients who did not experience a UTI during the index hospitalization were followed for 30 days post discharge to identify cases of potentially HA-CO UTI.Results:We identified 3,273 patients at risk for potentially HA-CO UTI. The incidence of HA-CO UTI in the 30 days post discharge was 29.8 per 1,000 patients. Independent risk factors of HA-CO UTI included paraplegia or quadriplegia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–18.0), indwelling catheter during index hospitalization (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.3), prior piperacillin-tazobactam prescription (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.5), prior penicillin class prescription (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0–2.8), and private insurance (aOR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9).Conclusions:HA-CO UTI may be common within 30 days following hospital discharge. These data suggest that surveillance efforts may need to be expanded to capture the full burden to patients and better inform antibiotic prescribing decisions for patients with a history of hospitalization.
The limited politicization of European integration in Italy: lacking issue clarity and weak voter responses
Authors: Carrieri Luca 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article analyzes the politicization of European integration in Italy. Has the euro crisis catalyzed a new electoral supply, which may have been matched by voters’ responses? After the crisis, Italian parties have increased their entrepreneurial efforts to prime EU issues into the political debate, trying to win over votes. This pattern may have led to a full politicization of European integration. To study the transformations in party strategies and voting behavior, I analyze the fluctuations in EU issue entrepreneurship and EU issue voting between 2009 and 2014. The findings reveal mixed results: parties have actually developed new strategies on EU issues, but without significantly changing voter preferences along the pro/anti-European dimension.
The effects of antibiotics and melatonin on hepato-intestinal inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis induced by a short-term high-fat diet consumption in rats
Authors: Yildirim Alper , Arabacı Tamer Sevil , Sahin Duran , Bagriacik Fatma , Kahraman Merve M. , Onur Nilsu D. , Cayirli Yusuf B. , Cilingir Kaya Özlem T. , Aksu Burak , Akdeniz Esra , Yuksel Meral , Çetinel Şule , Yeğen Berrak Ç. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigh-fat diet (HFD) consumption leads to metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal dysbiosis. Antibiotics also disrupt the composition of intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a short-term feeding with HFD on oxidative status, enteric microbiota, intestinal motility and the effects of antibiotics and/or melatonin treatments on diet-induced hepato-intestinal dysfunction and inflammation. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were pair-fed with either standard chow or HFD (45 % fat) and were given tap water or melatonin (4 mg/kg per d) or melatonin plus antibiotics (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole; each 1 g/l) in drinking water for 2 weeks. On the 14th day, colonic motility was measured and the next day intestinal transit was assessed using charcoal propagation. Trunk blood, liver and intestine samples were removed for biochemical and histopathological evaluations, and faeces were collected for microbiota analysis. A 2-week HFD feeding increased blood glucose level and perirenal fat weight, induced low-level hepatic and intestinal inflammation, delayed intestinal transit, led to deterioration of epithelial tight junctions and overgrowth of colonic bacteria. Melatonin intake in HFD-fed rats reduced ileal inflammation, colonic motility and perirenal fat accumulation. ABX abolished increases in fat accumulation and blood glucose, reduced ileal oxidative damage, suppressed HFD-induced overgrowth in colonic bacteria, and reversed HFD-induced delay in intestinal transit; however, hepatic neutrophil accumulation, hepatic injury and dysfunction were further enhanced. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that even a short-term HFD ingestion results in hepato-intestinal inflammatory state and alterations in bacterial populations, which may be worsened with antibiotic intake, but alleviated by melatonin.
Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals candidate genes related to insecticide resistance ofGlyphodes pyloalis
Authors: Su H. , Gao Y. , Liu Y. , Li X. , Liang Y. , Dai X. , Xu Y. , Zhou Y. , Wang H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGlyphodes pyloalisWalker (Lepidoptera: Pyralididae) is a common pest in sericulture and has developed resistance to different insecticides. However, the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance ofG. pyloalisare poorly understood. Here, we present the first whole-transcriptome analysis of differential expression genes in insecticide-resistant and susceptibleG. pyloalis. Clustering and enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed several biological pathways and enriched Gene Ontology terms were related to detoxification or insecticide resistance. Genes involved in insecticide metabolic processes, including cytochrome P450, glutathione S-transferases and carboxylesterase, were identified in the larval midgut ofG. pyloalis.Among them,CYP324A19,CYP304F17,CYP6AW1,CYP6AB10,GSTs5, andAChE-likewere significantly increased after propoxur treatment, whileCYP324A19,CCE001c, andAChE-likewere significantly induced by phoxim, suggesting that these genes were involved in insecticide metabolism. Furthermore, the sequence variation analysis identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms withinCYP9A20,CYP6AB47,andCYP6AW1. Our findings reveal many candidate genes related to insecticide resistance ofG. pyloalis. These results provide novel insights into insecticide resistance and facilitate the development of insecticides with greater specificity toG. pyloalis.
Topological rigidity for closed hypersurfaces of elliptic space forms
Authors: Longa Eduardo Rosinato , Ripoll Jaime Bruck 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe prove a topological rigidity theorem for closed hypersurfaces of the Euclidean sphere and of an elliptic space form. It asserts that, under a lower bound hypothesis on the absolute value of the principal curvatures, the hypersurface is diffeomorphic to a sphere or to a quotient of a sphere by a group action. We also prove another topological rigidity result for hypersurfaces of the sphere that involves the spherical image of its usual Gauss map.
Physical exercise may improve sleep quality in children and adolescents with Fontan circulation
Authors: Hedlund Eva R. , Villard Li , Lundell Bo , Sjöberg Gunnar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:To study physical activity and sleep in Fontan patients and healthy controls before and after an endurance training program, and after 1 year.Method:Fontan patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 25) wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days and nights during a school week before and after a 12-week endurance training program and after 1 year.Results:Patients had similar sleep duration and sleep efficiency as healthy controls. Latency to sleep onset in minutes was longer for patients than controls (22.4 (4.3–55.3) minutes versus 14.8 (8.6–29.4) minutes, p < 0.01). More time in moderate-to-vigorous activity daytime was correlated with increased sleep time (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.20), improved sleep efficiency (p < 0.01; r2 = 0.24) and less time as wake after sleep onset (p < 0.05; r2 = 0.21) for patients but not controls. Sleep variables did not change after the exercise intervention for patients or controls. After 1 year, patients had decreased total sleep time, decreased sleep efficiency, increased accelerometer counts during sleep and more time as wake after sleep onset during sleep time, but not controls.Conclusions:Fontan patients have prolonged latency to sleep onset compared with controls. More time in physical activities was correlated with better sleep quality for the patients. Also, subjects with low sleep efficiency and long latency to sleep onset may benefit most from physical exercise. These patients should be encouraged to engage in individually designed physical exercise as this could improve sleep quality.
Risk factors for recidivism in individuals receiving community sentences: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yukhnenko Denis , Blackwood Nigel , Fazel Seena 
Published: June 2019

Objective.We aimed to systematically review risk factors for criminal recidivism in individuals given community sentences.Methods.We searched seven bibliographic databases and additionally conducted targeted searches for studies that investigated risk factors for any repeat offending in individuals who had received community (non-custodial) sentences. We included investigations that reported data on at least one risk factor and allowed calculations of odds ratios (ORs). If a similar risk factor was reported in three or more primary studies, they were grouped into domains, and pooled ORs were calculated.Results.We identified 15 studies from 5 countries, which reported data on 14 independent samples and 246,608 individuals. We found that several dynamic (modifiable) risk factors were associated with criminal recidivism in community-sentenced populations, including mental health needs (OR = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–1.6), substance misuse (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.1–4.9), association with antisocial peers (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3–3.7), employment problems (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3–2.5), marital status (OR = 1.6, 95%: 1.4–1.8), and low income (OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1–3.4). The strength of these associations was comparable to that of static (non-modifiable) risk factors, such as age, gender, and criminal history.Conclusion.Assessing dynamic (modifiable) risk factors should be considered in all individuals given community sentences. The further integration of mental health, substance misuse, and criminal justice services may reduce reoffending risk in community-sentenced populations.
Radiotherapy students’ perceptions of support provided by clinical supervisors
Authors: Armstrong-James L. , Khine R. N. M. , Thorne R. J. , Tuckey M. J. E. , Bennett C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAim:The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of radiotherapy students on clinical placement, specifically focussing on the provision of well-being support from clinical supervisors.Materials and methods:Twenty-five students from the University of the West of England and City University of London completed an online evaluation survey relating to their experiences of placement, involving Likert scales and open-ended questions.Results:The quantitative results were generally positive; however, the qualitative findings were mixed. Three themes emerged: (1) provision of information and advice; (2) an open, inclusive and supportive working environment; and (3) a lack of communication, understanding, and consistency.Findings:Students’ experiences on placement differed greatly and appeared to relate to their specific interactions with different members of staff. It is suggested that additional training around providing well-being support to students may be of benefit to clinical supervisors.
Establishing a three-generation prospective study: Bogalusa daughters
Authors: Harville EW , Breckner D , Shu T , Cooper M , Bazzano LA 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjective:The Developmental Origins of Disease hypothesis has spurred increased interest in how prenatal exposures affect lifelong health, while mechanisms such as epigenetics may explain the multigenerational influences on health. Such factors are not well captured within conventional epidemiologic study designs. We explored the feasibility of collecting information on the offspring and grand-offspring of participants in a long-running study.Design:The Bogalusa Heart Study is a study, begun in 1973, of life-course cardiovascular health in a semirural population (65% white and 35% black).Main measures:Female participants who had previously provided information on their pregnancies were contacted to obtain contact information for their daughters aged 12 and older. Daughters were then contacted to obtain reproductive histories, and invited for a clinic or lab visit to measure cardiovascular risk factors.Results:Two hundred seventy-four daughters of 208 mothers were recruited; 81% (223) had a full clinic visit and 19% (51) a phone interview only. Forty-five percent of the daughters were black, and 55% white. Mean and median age at interview was 27, with 15% under the age of 18. The strongest predictors of participation were black race, recent maternal participation in the parent study, and living in or near Bogalusa. Simple correlations for cardiovascular risk factors across generations were between r = 0.19 (systolic blood pressure) and r = 0.39 (BMI, LDL).Conclusion:It is feasible to contact the children of study participants even when participants are adults, and initial information on the grandchildren can also be determined in this manner.
Herbicide options for glyphosate-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) management in the Great Plains
Authors: Sbatella Gustavo M. , Adjesiwor Albert T. , Kniss Andrew R. , Stahlman Phillip W. , Westra Phil , Moechnig Michael , Wilson Robert G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKochia is one of the most problematic weeds in the United States. Field studies were conducted in five states (Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota) over 2 yr (2010 and 2011) to evaluate kochia control with selected herbicides registered in five common crop scenarios: winter wheat, fallow, corn, soybean, and sugar beet to provide insight for diversifying kochia management in crop rotations. Kochia control varied by experimental site such that more variation in kochia control and biomass production was explained by experimental site than herbicide choice within a crop. Kochia control with herbicides currently labeled for use in sugar beet averaged 32% across locations. Kochia control was greatest and most consistent from corn herbicide programs (99%), followed by soybean (96%) and fallow (97%) herbicide programs. Kochia control from wheat herbicide programs was 93%. With respect to the availability of effective herbicide options, glyphosate-resistant kochia control was easiest in corn, soybean, and fallow, followed by wheat; and difficult to manage with herbicides in sugar beet.
Quantifying the Impacts of Cold Airmass on Aerosol Concentrations Over North China Using Isentropic Analysis
Authors: Liu Qian , Chen Guixing , Iwasaki Toshiki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWinter air quality can vary markedly due to cold air activities. However, the impacts of the polar cold airmass on aerosol variations has not been clarified in a quantitative manner. Using an isentropic analysis method, we investigated changes in the cold airmass and sulfate aerosol distributions over North China during the winter of 2014/2015. The cold airmass and sulfate concentrations exhibited pronounced out‐of‐phase variations, with comparable amplitudes at subseasonal (30–60 days) and synoptic (4–6 days) scales. Subseasonal sulfate variations were closely associated with distribution of the polar cold airmass, as it shifted between zonal and meridional patterns, regulating cold airmass fluxes over North China. Typically, subseasonal surges in the cold airmass consisted of several synoptic disturbances, including one cold air outbreak event and 3–6 renewal/decay oscillations. These synoptic inflows of clean cold airmass repeatedly pushed the warm polluted airmass away from North China. Thus, spatiotemporal variations in sulfate better reflect cold airmass distributions and fluxes than northerly wind regimes. Using diagnostic equations derived herein, we estimated the contribution of various physical processes to aerosol variations during cold air anomalies. We found that the local changes in sulfate concentrations were mainly attributed to advection of warm airmasses, as well as advection and vertical displacement by horizontal convergence of the polar cold airmass. The latter two processes contributed most to sulfate decreases, leading to a relatively strong aerosol reductions during cold air outbreaks, while first two processes led to weaker aerosol reductions during cold air oscillations.
Tropopause Laminar Cirrus and Its Role in the Lower Stratosphere Total Water Budget
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Dong L. , Gong Jie , Tsai Victoria 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaminar cirrus are thin, extensive, isolated layers of ice clouds frequently observed in the tropical tropopause layer. Widespread laminar cirrus significantly affects tropical tropopause layer total water and thermal budget. In this study, we extract laminar cirrus from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization Level 1 attenuated total backscatter images for January 2009, in order to characterize statistical properties of laminar cirrus cloud length, base, thickness, optical depth, and layer partial ice water path. These characteristics are used to develop an algorithm identifying laminar cirrus automatically from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization Level 2 layer product for 2008–2017. The nearly 10‐year records reveal that tropopause laminar cirrus occurrence (30–40% of total cirrus) is strongly anticorrelated with the tropopause temperatures in that colder tropopause in frequent (super)saturation during boreal winter favors in situ formation of clouds. Interannually, anomalously warmer troposphere temperature (ΔT), easterly shear of the quasi‐biennial oscillation, and stronger upwelling branch of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation enhance laminar cirrus formation via cooling of the tropopause. The tropopause laminar cirrus carries ~0.05 mg/m3 (~0.5 ppmv) of ice water content during boreal winter and <0.01 mg/m3 during summer, which is anticorrelated with the seasonal variations of water vapor (H2O) observed by the Microwave Lime Sounder, indicating a temperature‐regulated partition between vapor and ice. Interannually, in cirrus‐rich region 1 ppmv decrease in H2O corresponds to 0.2–0.3 ppmv increase in ice water content. Frequently situated in (super)saturated air, tropopause laminar cirrus are likely to survive multiple lifecycles of the sublimation‐deposition processes, and may contribute up to 10% to the total water budget in the lower stratosphere.