bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GRAIN YIELD AND NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN RESPONSE TO REDUCING NITROGEN RATE IN HYBRID RICE TRANSPLANTED AS SINGLE SEEDLINGS
Authors: HUANG MIN , SHAN SHUANGLÜ , XIE XIAOBING , ZHOU XUEFENG , ZOU YINGBIN , UPHOFF NORMAN 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYTransplanting single seedlings rather than seedlings in clumps has been increasingly attractive in hybrid rice production in China due to reduced seed requirements and higher grain yield. This study was conducted to determine grain yield and nitrogen (N) utilization in response to reductions in the N rate in hybrid rice under single-seedling transplanting. Field experiments were done in 2015 and 2016 on a moderate to high fertility soil at the Experimental Farm of Hunan Agricultural University, China. The hybrid rice cultivar Liangyoupeijiu (LYPJ) was used in 2015, and two hybrid cultivars LYPJ and Xiangliangyou 900 were used the next year. In each year, the rice plants transplanted with a single seedling per hill were grown with three N rates, including the usual N rate (150 kg ha–1) and two reduced N rates (120 and 90 kg ha–1). Grain yield, yield attributes, and N uptake and use efficiency were determined for each N rate. Significant reduction in grain yield was observed in only one of three cultivar-year combinations when N rate was reduced by 20% (from 150 to 120 kg ha–1), and the magnitude of yield reduction was only 4%. Although significant reduction in grain yield was observed in two of the three cultivar-year combinations when N rate reduced by 40% (to 90 kg ha–1), the highest yield reduction was only 7%. Yield attributes were generally changed slightly when N rate was reduced by 20%, while compensation among yield attributes and N utilization characteristics could explain why a 40% reduction in N rate did not result in substantial yield loss. Partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN) was increased by 21–24% and 56–63% with 20% and 40% reductions in the N rate, respectively. The higher PFPN with a reduced N rate was attributed to higher recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) or to both higher REN and internal N use efficiency. Our study suggests that reducing N rate does not necessarily result in yield loss due to compensation among yield components and increased N use efficiency in hybrid rice transplanted as single seedlings under moderate to high soil fertility conditions.
Static balloon atrial septostomy for the purpose of left heart intervention in postoperative adult CHD
Authors: Fujii Takanari , Tomita Hideshi , Hata Yoshihito , Sasaki Takeshi , Asada Dai , Tarui Suguru , Miyahara Yoshinori , Ishino Kozo , Soga Takashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and purposeStatic balloon atrial septostomy is a widely accepted intervention for children with CHD. Successful surgical palliation is creating increasing numbers of adult CHD patients who need subsequent left heart intervention requiring transseptal access. In these patients, the interatrial septum is usually thick and fibrotic because of a previous open heart surgery or catheter intervention, and conventional transseptal puncture may be unsuccessful. Static balloon atrial septostomy to access the left atrium may facilitate intervention via the interatrial septum in such situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness and the safety of static balloon atrial septostomy, and the evolution of an iatrogenic atrial septal defect post procedure in adult CHD.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed six procedures in five adults with CHD and collected demographic characteristics, details of the procedures, clinical outcome, and size changes of the iatrogenic atrial septal defect.ResultsThe mean age at the time of the procedure was 35 years. The intended primary interventions were pulmonary vein isolation, stenting for pulmonary vein obstruction, and catheter ablation for focal atrial tachycardia. All static balloon atrial septostomies were effective, and the left heart interventions were successfully achieved via transseptal sheaths. There were no major complications associated with the static balloon atrial septostomy. There were no adverse clinical outcomes related to iatrogenic atrial septal defect, and the size of the defects regressed over time in all cases.ConclusionsStatic balloon atrial septostomy can be a safe and useful technique in adult CHD patients needing left heart procedures. The thick interatrial septum found in postoperative patients may reduce the risk of persistent iatrogenic atrial septal defect.
Perinatal exposures to phthalates and phthalate mixtures result in sex-specific effects on body weight, organ weights and intracisternal A-particle (IAP) DNA methylation in weanling mice
Authors: Neier K. , Cheatham D. , Bedrosian L. D. , Dolinoy D. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDevelopmental exposure to phthalates has been implicated as a risk for obesity; however, epidemiological studies have yielded conflicting results and mechanisms are poorly understood. An additional layer of complexity in epidemiological studies is that humans are exposed to mixtures of many different phthalates. Here, we utilize an established mouse model of perinatal exposure to investigate the effects of three phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), on body weight and organ weights in weanling mice. In addition to individual phthalate exposures, we employed two mixture exposures: DEHP+DINP and DEHP+DINP+DBP. Phthalates were administered through phytoestrogen-free chow at the following exposure levels: 25 mg DEHP/kg chow, 25 mg DBP/kg chow and 75 mg DINP/kg chow. The viable yellow agouti (Avy) mouse strain, along with measurement of tail DNA methylation, was used as a biosensor to examine effects of phthalates and phthalate mixtures on the DNA methylome. We found that female and male mice perinatally exposed to DINP alone had increased body weights at postnatal day 21 (PND21), and that exposure to mixtures did not exaggerate these effects. Females exposed to DINP and DEHP+DINP had increased relative liver weights at PND21, and females exposed to a mixture of DEHP+DINP+DBP had increased relative gonadal fat weight. Phthalate-exposedAvy/aoffspring exhibited altered coat color distributions and altered DNA methylation at intracisternal A-particles (IAPs), repetitive elements in the mouse genome. These findings provide evidence that developmental exposures to phthalates influence body weight and organ weight changes in early life, and are associated with altered DNA methylation at IAPs.
Citizen Radio Science: An Analysis of Amateur Radio Transmissions With e‐POP RRI
Authors: Perry G. W. , Frissell N. A. , Miller E. S. , Moses M. , Shovkoplyas A. , Howarth A. D. , Yau A. W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report the results of a radio science experiment involving citizen scientists conducted on 28 June 2015, in which the Radio Receiver Instrument (RRI) on the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) tuned in to the 40‐ and 80‐m ham radio bands during the 2015 American Radio Relay League Field Day. We have aurally decoded the Morse coded call signs of 14 hams (amateur operators) from RRI's data to help ascertain their locations during the experiment. Through careful analysis of the hams' transmissions, and with the aid of ray tracing tools, we have identified two notable magnetoionic effects in the received signals: plasma cutoff and single‐mode fading. The signature of the former effect appeared approximately 30 s into the experiment, with the sudden cessation of signals received by RRI despite measurements from a network of ground‐based receivers showing that the hams' transmissions were unabated throughout the experiment. The latter effect, single‐mode fading, was detected as a double‐peak modulation on the individual dots and dashes of one of the ham's Morse coded transmissions. We show that the modulation in the ham's signal agrees with expected fading rate for single‐mode fading. The results of this experiment demonstrate that ham radio transmissions are a valuable tool for studying radio wave propagation and remotely sensing the ionosphere. The analysis and results provide a basis for future collaborations in radio science between traditional researchers in the academia and industry, and citizen scientists in which novel and compelling experiments can be performed.
Three‐Dimensional Phase‐Field Investigation of Pore Space Cementation and Permeability in Quartz Sandstone
Authors: Prajapati Nishant , Selzer Michael , Nestler Britta , Busch Benjamin , Hilgers Christoph , Ankit Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present work investigates the dynamics of quartz precipitation from supersaturated formation fluids in granular media, analogous to sandstones, using a multiphase‐field model. First, we derive a two‐dimensional (2‐D) Wulff shape of quartz from the three‐dimensional (3‐D) geometry and simulate the unitaxial growth of quartz in geological fractures in 2‐D in order to examine the role of misorientation and crystal c to a axis ratios (c/a) in the formation of quartz bridge structures that are extensively observed in nature. Based on this sensitivity analysis and the previously reported experiments, we choose a realistic value of c/a to computationally mimic the 3‐D anisotropic sealing of pore space in sandstone. The simulated microstructures exhibit similarities related to crystal morphologies and remaining pore space with those observed in natural samples. Further, the phase‐field simulations successfully capture the effect of grain size on (I) development of euhedral form and (II) sealing kinetics of cementation, consistent with experiments. Moreover, the initially imposed normal distribution of pore sizes evolves eventually to a lognormal pattern exhibiting a bimodal behavior in the intermediate stages. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics analysis is performed in order to derive the temporal evolution of permeability in numerically cemented microstructures. The obtained permeability‐porosity relationships are coherent with previous findings. Finally, we highlight the capabilities of the present modeling approach in simulating 3‐D reactive flow during progressive sealing in porous rocks based on innovative postprocessing analyses and advanced visualization techniques.
Near‐Inertial Waves and Their Underlying Mechanisms Based on the South China Sea Internal Wave Experiment (2010–2011)
Authors: Cao Anzhou , Guo Zheng , Song Jinbao , Lv Xianqing , He Hailun , Fan Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBased on mooring array data from the South China Sea (SCS) Internal Wave Experiment, in this paper, five burst events of near‐inertial waves (NIWs) in the northern SCS that occurred during August 2010 to April 2011 are reported. Among these NIWs, three were induced by typhoons Lionrock, Meranti, and Megi in 2010. Due to the differences in typhoon characteristics, mooring measuring ranges, distances between typhoon centers and moorings, and local conditions, the NIWs induced by the three typhoons show various intensities and structures at all three moorings. An interesting phenomenon is that the weaker typhoon Meranti generates stronger NIWs than the stronger typhoon Megi, which is largely due to the larger translation speed of Meranti. The e‐folding time of near‐inertial variance suggests that the damping of typhoon‐induced NIWs is related to local conditions. In addition to the typhoon‐induced NIWs, two NIW burst events were found in December 2010 and March 2011 at one mooring; however, these events were absent from the two adjacent moorings. Through analysis, we ruled out the local winds, lateral propagation, and parametric subharmonic instability as the causes of these NIWs. Although the real mechanisms remain unknown, the NIWs that occurred in December 2010 and March 2011 exhibit different features from the typhoon‐induced NIWs. First, these NIWs have larger vertical wave numbers and smaller wavelengths than the typhoon‐induced NIWs. Second, these NIWs can cause intense shear in deep water, whereas intense shear of typhoon‐induced NIWs mainly exist in the upper ocean (approximately 150–200 m).
Hydrography of the Central and Western Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Portela Esther , Tenreiro M. , Pallàs‐Sanz Enric , Meunier Thomas , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel , Sosa‐Gutiérrez Rosmery , Cusí Simó 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study describes in detail the water masses of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) west of 88°W based on their thermohaline properties and dissolved oxygen concentration. The existent historical information is complemented with new data from 14 cruises, Argo floats, and over one year of continuous glider monitoring. The results describe the general hydrography of the central and western GoM with focus on the difference between the water properties inside and outside Loop Current Eddies (LCEs). Caribbean Surface Water, Subtropical Underwater, and 18 °C Sargasso Sea Water (18SSW) are exclusive of the LCEs, and they are found along the LCEs preferred path between 23°N and 27°N. Outside the LCEs, the prominent characteristics of these water masses erode, and the Gulf Common Water is ubiquitous in the subsurface. It is shown that the water masses in the GoM need to be described in the frame of the dominant mesoscale features that take place there and that the dissolved oxygen is a key variable to identify some water masses of Caribbean origin as the Tropical Atlantic Central Water and the 18SSW. The previous potential temperature and salinity limits of the water masses within the GoM were revised and redefined in terms of absolute salinity and conservative temperature in the frame of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater, 2010 (TEOS‐10). While temperature values after conversion have little variation compared to the previous ones, the absolute salinity is in average 0.2 units greater than the former practical salinity.
A Coupled Ocean Physics‐Biology Modeling Study on Tropical Instability Wave‐Induced Chlorophyll Impacts in the Pacific
Authors: Tian Feng , Zhang Rong‐Hua , Wang Xiujun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTropical instability waves (TIWs) play an important role in modulating the physical variability (e.g., sea surface temperature [SST] and heat flux) and biological activity (e.g., phytoplankton and chlorophyll (Chl)) in the eastern tropical Pacific. The impacts of TIW‐induced Chl perturbations (ChlTIW) are examined using a coupled ocean physics‐biology model in the tropical Pacific. TIW‐scale biological and physical perturbations are extracted using a zonal high‐passed filter. The TIW‐induced perturbations of biological and physical fields (e.g., Chl, nitrate, iron, and SST.) exhibit their close relationships, with negative correlation between SST and Chl at TIW scale. Processes responsible for the impacts of ChlTIW are diagnosed. ChlTIW acts to modulate the incoming solar radiation that penetrates the bottom of the mixed layer (Qpen). In addition, two experiments are conducted with the impacts of ChlTIW on the ocean included or not. The results show that the ChlTIW effects tend to substantially increase seasonal variability of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and slightly decrease SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific. At large scale, ChlTIW leads to an increase in mean Chl concentration, which induces a SST cooling and an increase in EKE in the boreal winter. At TIW scale, ChlTIW leads to the change in Qpen and a decrease in baroclinic conversion term and eventually decreases the EKE in the boreal spring and summer. So the ChlTIW acts to have influences both on the intensity of TIW and large‐scale SST in the tropical Pacific, involving multiscale interactions and feedbacks between ocean physics and biology.
Unconventional fractional quantum Hall states and Wigner crystallization in suspended Corbino graphene
Authors: Kumar Manohar , Laitinen Antti , Hakonen Pertti 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompetition between liquid and solid states in two-dimensional electron systems is an intriguing problem in condensed matter physics. We have investigated competing Wigner crystal and fractional quantum Hall (FQH) liquid phases in atomically thin suspended graphene devices in Corbino geometry. Low-temperature magnetoconductance and transconductance measurements along with IV characteristics all indicate strong charge density dependent modulation of electron transport. Our results show unconventional FQH phases which do not fit the standard Jain’s series for conventional FQH states, instead they appear to originate from residual interactions of composite fermions in partially filled Landau levels. Also at very low charge density with filling factors $$\nu \,\lesssim\, 1/5$$
ν

≲

1
∕
5
, electrons crystallize into an ordered Wigner solid which eventually transforms into an incompressible Hall liquid at filling factors around ν ≤ 1/7. Building on the unique Corbino sample structure, our experiments pave the way for enhanced understanding of the ordered phases of interacting electrons.
Lithography for robust and editable atomic-scale silicon devices and memories
Authors: Achal Roshan , Rashidi Mohammad , Croshaw Jeremiah , Churchill David , Taucer Marco , Huff Taleana , Cloutier Martin , Pitters Jason , Wolkow Robert A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAt the atomic scale, there has always been a trade-off between the ease of fabrication of structures and their thermal stability. Complex structures that are created effortlessly often disorder above cryogenic conditions. Conversely, systems with high thermal stability do not generally permit the same degree of complex manipulations. Here, we report scanning tunneling microscope (STM) techniques to substantially improve automated hydrogen lithography (HL) on silicon, and to transform state-of-the-art hydrogen repassivation into an efficient, accessible error correction/editing tool relative to existing chemical and mechanical methods. These techniques are readily adapted to many STMs, together enabling fabrication of error-free, room-temperature stable structures of unprecedented size. We created two rewriteable atomic memories (1.1 petabits per in2), storing the alphabet letter-by-letter in 8 bits and a piece of music in 192 bits. With HL no longer faced with this trade-off, practical silicon-based atomic-scale devices are poised to make rapid advances towards their full potential.
Stromal PTEN determines mammary epithelial response to radiotherapy
Authors: Sizemore Gina M. , Balakrishnan Subhasree , Thies Katie A. , Hammer Anisha M. , Sizemore Steven T. , Trimboli Anthony J. , Cuitiño Maria C. , Steck Sarah A. , Tozbikian Gary , Kladney Raleigh D. , Shinde Neelam , Das Manjusri , Park Dongju , Majumder Sarmila , Krishnan Shiva , Yu Lianbo , Fernandez Soledad A. , Chakravarti Arnab , Shields Peter G. , White Julia R. , Yee Lisa D. , Rosol Thomas J. , Ludwig Thomas , Park Morag , Leone Gustavo , Ostrowski Michael C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe importance of the tumor–associated stroma in cancer progression is clear. However, it remains uncertain whether early events in the stroma are capable of initiating breast tumorigenesis. Here, we show that in the mammary glands of non-tumor bearing mice, stromal-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) deletion invokes radiation-induced genomic instability in neighboring epithelium. In these animals, a single dose of whole-body radiation causes focal mammary lobuloalveolar hyperplasia through paracrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and EGFR inhibition abrogates these cellular changes. By analyzing human tissue, we discover that stromal PTEN is lost in a subset of normal breast samples obtained from reduction mammoplasty, and is predictive of recurrence in breast cancer patients. Combined, these data indicate that diagnostic or therapeutic chest radiation may predispose patients with decreased stromal PTEN expression to secondary breast cancer, and that prophylactic EGFR inhibition may reduce this risk.
Squamate reptiles challenge paradigms of genomic repeat element evolution set by birds and mammals
Authors: Pasquesi Giulia I. M. , Adams Richard H. , Card Daren C. , Schield Drew R. , Corbin Andrew B. , Perry Blair W. , Reyes-Velasco Jacobo , Ruggiero Robert P. , Vandewege Michael W. , Shortt Jonathan A. , Castoe Todd A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBroad paradigms of vertebrate genomic repeat element evolution have been largely shaped by analyses of mammalian and avian genomes. Here, based on analyses of genomes sequenced from over 60 squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes), we show that patterns of genomic repeat landscape evolution in squamates challenge such paradigms. Despite low variance in genome size, squamate genomes exhibit surprisingly high variation among species in abundance (ca. 25–73% of the genome) and composition of identifiable repeat elements. We also demonstrate that snake genomes have experienced microsatellite seeding by transposable elements at a scale unparalleled among eukaryotes, leading to some snake genomes containing the highest microsatellite content of any known eukaryote. Our analyses of transposable element evolution across squamates also suggest that lineage-specific variation in mechanisms of transposable element activity and silencing, rather than variation in species-specific demography, may play a dominant role in driving variation in repeat element landscapes across squamate phylogeny.
Small molecule inhibition of RAS/MAPK signaling ameliorates developmental pathologies of Kabuki Syndrome
Authors: Tsai I-Chun , McKnight Kelly , McKinstry Spencer U. , Maynard Andrew T. , Tan Perciliz L. , Golzio Christelle , White C. Thomas , Price Daniel J. , Davis Erica E. , Amrine-Madsen Heather , Katsanis Nicholas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKabuki Syndrome (KS) is a rare disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental deficits. Previously, we showed that loss of function of RAP1A, a RAF1 regulator, can activate the RAS/MAPK pathway and cause KS, an observation recapitulated in other genetic models of the disorder. These data suggested that suppression of this signaling cascade might be of therapeutic benefit for some features of KS. To pursue this possibility, we performed a focused small molecule screen of a series of RAS/MAPK pathway inhibitors, where we tested their ability to rescue disease-relevant phenotypes in a zebrafish model of the most common KS locus, kmt2d. Consistent with a pathway-driven screening paradigm, two of 27 compounds showed reproducible rescue of early developmental pathologies. Further analyses showed that one compound, desmethyl-Dabrafenib (dmDf), induced no overt pathologies in zebrafish embryos but could rescue MEK hyperactivation in vivo and, concomitantly, structural KS-relevant phenotypes in all KS zebrafish models (kmt2d, kmd6a and rap1). Mass spectrometry quantitation suggested that a 100 nM dose resulted in sub-nanomolar exposure of this inhibitor and was sufficient to rescue both mandibular and neurodevelopmental defects. Crucially, germline kmt2d mutants recapitulated the gastrulation movement defects, micrognathia and neurogenesis phenotypes of transient models; treatment with dmDf ameliorated all of them significantly. Taken together, our data reinforce a causal link between MEK hyperactivation and KS and suggest that chemical suppression of BRAF might be of potential clinical utility for some features of this disorder.