bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal‐averaged electrocardiography: Past, present, and future
Authors: Gatzoulis Konstantinos A. , Arsenos Petros , Trachanas Konstantinos , Dilaveris Polychronis , Antoniou Christos , Tsiachris Dimitris , Sideris Skevos , Kolettis Theofilos M. , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSignal‐averaged electrocardiography records delayed depolarization of myocardial areas with slow conduction that can form the substrate for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. This technique has been examined mostly in patients with coronary artery disease, but its use has been declined over the years. However, several lines of evidence, derived from hitherto clinical data in patients with healed myocardial infarction, indicate that signal‐averaged electrocardiography remains a valuable tool in risk stratification, especially when incorporated into algorithms encompassing invasive and noninvasive indices. Such an approach can aid the more precise identification of candidates for device therapy, in the context of primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. This article reappraises the value of signal‐averaged electrocardiography as a predictor of arrhythmic outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease and discusses potential future indications.
Simultaneous determination of 22 phthalate esters in polystyrene food‐contact materials by ultra‐performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fan Ying‐Li , Ma Ming , Cui He‐Zhen , Liu Shu , Yang Min‐Li , Hou Xiu‐Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA method for the determination of 22 phthalate esters in polystyrene food‐contact materials has been established using ultraperformance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In this method, 22 phthalate esters were analyzed in <3.5 min on an ACQUITY Tours 1‐AA column by gradient elution. The mobile phase, the compensation solvent, the flow rate of mobile phase, column temperature, and automatic back pressure regulator pressure were optimized, respectively. There was a good linearity of 20 phthalate esters with a range of 0.05–10 mg/L, diisodecyl phthalate and diisononyl phthalate were 0.25–10 mg/L, and the correlation coefficients of all phthalates were higher than 0.99 and those of 16 phthalates were higher than 0.999. The limits of detection and the limits of quantification of 15 phthalates were 0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg, meanwhile diallyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate were 0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg, and diisodecyl phthalate and diisononyl phthalate were 0.10 and 0.25 mg/kg. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 76.26–107.76%, and the relative standard deviations were in the range of 1.78–12.10%. Results support this method as an efficient alternative to apply for the simultaneous determination of 22 phthalate esters in common polystyrene food‐contact materials.
A Dynamic Simulator for Slurry‐Phase Catalytic Olefin Copolymerization in a Series of CSTRs: Prediction of Distributed Molecular and Rheological Properties
Authors: Pladis Prokopios , Baltsas Apostolos , Meimaroglou Dimitrios , Kiparissides Costas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA comprehensive mathematical model is developed to simulate the dynamic Ziegler–Natta ethylene‐α‐olefins copolymerization in a series of slurry‐phase continuous stirred tank reactors. A generalized multisite kinetic mechanism is considered to describe the molecular and compositional developments (joint molecular weight‐copolymer composition distribution) in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Dynamic macroscopic mole balances are derived to calculate the dynamic evolution of all species concentrations in three phases (i.e., gas, liquid, and polymer) of the multiphase system. The polymer molecular properties (i.e., molecular weight distribution, short chain branching distribution, etc.) are determined by two different approaches, namely, the method of double moments and a Monte Carlo algorithm. Detailed thermodynamic calculations are carried out to calculate the solubility of all species in the various phases. Particular emphasis is given to the calculation of mass transfer rates from the gas to the continuous liquid phase and from the liquid to the polymer swollen phase. Comparison of model predictions with experimental measurements has shown that the present plant simulator is capable of simulating the dynamic operation of ethylene with α‐olefins copolymerization over a broad range of operating conditions and, thus, can be used in future process and product optimization and control of lab‐, pilot‐, and industrial‐scale plants.
Breastfeeding and weaning practices of the ancestral Ohlone Indians of California: A case study using stable isotope analysis of bone collagen
Authors: Gardner Karen S. , Bartelink Eric J. , Martinez Antoinette , Leventhal Alan , Cambra Rosemary 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVariation in human breastfeeding and weaning practices is subject to changing social pressures and norms, as well as individual agency. This paper presents a case study from the Yukisma Mound (CA‐SCL‐38), a prehistoric site in the San Francisco Bay Area, which was used as a ceremonial and cemetery space by the ancestral Ohlone Indians between 780 and 230 cal yearsbp. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from bone collagen of 201 individuals, including 26 subadults, are analysed. The Weaning Age Reconstruction with Nitrogen isotope analysis package in R is used to model expected δ15N values of infant bone collagen, against which measured δ15N values reveal individual variation in weaning practices. Infants from this burial sample were exclusively breastfed until approximately 0.8 years (maximum density estimation (MDE), marginal probability = 0.0456), and completely weaned by around 4.4 years (MDE, marginal probability = .0409). Range of variation in adult diets is used as a baseline of comparison, in addition to mean δ15N values of adult females, to better consider supplementary food options, and to avoid the assumption of a homogeneous maternal diet. Comparison with weaning data from contemporaneous regional sites, drawn from studies using tooth dentin of individuals who survived childhood, reveals that introduction of complementary foods and cessation of breastfeeding occurred somewhat later at the Yukisma Mound. This contrast suggests prolonged supplementation with breastmilk for children who expressed nutritional stress or disease. Variation in weaning trajectories is further interpreted using δ13C values to identify individuals with elevated δ15N values due to supplementation with high trophic level foods (e.g., freshwater fish and marine foods). Changes in weaning practices are demonstrated by comparison of this sample to ethnohistoric accounts of the Ohlone. This study provides an example of collaborative research with descendent populations and of making the most of available materials.
Bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells using hydrogen‐doped In2O3 films as a transparent back contact
Authors: Keller Jan , Chen Wei‐Chao , Riekehr Lars , Kubart Tomas , Törndahl Tobias , Edoff Marika 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHydrogen‐doped In2O3 (IOH) films are used as a transparent back contact in bifacial Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The effect of the IOH thickness and the impact of the sodium incorporation technique on the photovoltaic parameters are studied, and clear correlations are observed. It is shown that a loss in short circuit current density (JSC) is the major limitation at back side illumination. The introduction of a thin Al2O3 layer on top of the IOH significantly increases the collection efficiency (ϕ(x)) for electrons generated close to the back contact. In this way, the JSC loss can be mitigated to only ~ 25% as compared with front side illumination. The Al2O3 film potentially reduces the interface defect density or, alternatively, creates a field effect passivation. In addition, it prevents the excessive formation of Ga2O3 at the CIGS/IOH interface, which is found otherwise when a NaF layer is added before absorber deposition. Consequently, detrimental redistributions in Ga and In close to the back contact can be avoided. Finally, a bifacial CIGS solar cell with an efficiency (η) of η = 11.0% at front and η = 6.0% at back side illumination could be processed. The large potential for further improvements is discussed.
Magnetic circular dichroism of an unaromatic planar [8]annulene
Authors: Wen Jin , Uto Takayuki , Chalupský Jakub , Casher Deborah L. , Raabe Gerhard , Fleischhauer Joerg , Yanai Takeshi , Tsuji Hayato , Komatsu Koichi , Michl Josef 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn overview of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy of π‐electron systems derived from a 4N‐electron perimeter is provided, with emphasis on the hypothetical parent cycloocta‐1,3,5,7‐tetraene of D8h symmetry (1) and its D4h symmetry derivatives. UV‐visible absorption and MCD spectra of 2, a D4h symmetric cycloocta‐1,3,5,7‐tetraene planarized by the effect of 4 bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno units fused to its 8‐membered ring, are reported and interpreted. The perimeter model is applied to obtain an understanding of the nature of electronic states in 1 and 2 and to predict general trends in the spectra. The electronic excitation patterns are found to be different in the antiaromatic D8h and unaromatic D4h species, and their states cannot be unequivocally correlated. The results of time‐dependent density functional theory and extended multistate complete active space second‐order perturbation theory (XMS‐CASPT2) computations agree with the algebraic perimeter model analysis and reproduce the spectra of 2 well, including three of the four observed MCD signs of A and B terms.
The relationship between cancer‐related worry and posttraumatic growth in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: McDonnell Glynnis A. , Pope Alice W. , Schuler Tammy A. , Ford Jennifer S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine cancer‐related worry in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and its relationship with posttraumatic growth over time, as the relationship between these constructs has not been assessed longitudinally in this population.MethodsA total of 153 AYA cancer survivors completed measures of cancer‐related worry and posttraumatic growth 3 times across approximately 1 year. Descriptive statistics were calculated for cancer‐related worry items, and mixed‐effects modeling assessed the relationship between cancer‐related worry and posttraumatic growth.ResultsMost participants reported at least moderate cancer‐related worry in at least 1 area at each assessment (88.2‐93.9% across time points). Worry about future health was the most prevalent concern (65.4%‐83.7% across time points). Cancer‐related worry was positively related to posttraumatic growth in the mixed‐effects model. However, post hoc analyses indicated that cancer‐related worry and posttraumatic growth were modestly related; there was no evidence that either construct predicted the other over time.ConclusionsCancer‐related worry appears to be a common psychosocial outcome in AYA cancer survivors. However, cancer‐related worry appears to be only modestly related to the development of posttraumatic growth, implying that these may be independent constructs despite theoretical literature suggesting that posttraumatic growth may stem from posttraumatic distress. Thus, it is necessary to assess AYA survivors for cancer‐related worry and posttraumatic growth, and develop interventions to target cancer‐related worry and foster posttraumatic growth.
Effects of robot‐assisted gait training in chronic stroke patients treated by botulinum toxin‐a: A pivotal study
Authors: Erbil Dursun , Tugba Gokbel , Murat Topcu Hasan , Melike Akarsu , Merve Akyüz , Cagla Karacan , Mehmetali Çiftçi Can , Akay Öztürk , Nigar Dursun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate combined effects of robot‐assisted training (RAT) and physical therapy versus physical therapy only on balance and gait function of chronic stroke patients after botulinum toxin‐A (BoNT‐A) treatment.MethodsForty‐eight chronic stroke patients, received BoNT‐A treatment for lower extremity spastic muscles, were randomly assigned to RAT (n = 32) and control (n = 16) groups in a 2:1 ratio. RAT group received 30 min of RAT (RoboGait®) plus 60 min of physical therapy, whereas controls received 90 min of physical therapy for 3 weeks during weekdays. Outcome assessments were measured at baseline and post‐treatment Weeks 6 and 12. Spasticity was assessed by Modified Ashworth Scale and Tardieu Scale. Balance and gait functions were assessed by Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment.ResultsDemographic and baseline characteristics were similar in both groups (p > .05) for all parameters. Significant improvements were determined in both RAT and control groups regarding spasticity, balance, and gait functions after treatment. However, at post‐treatment Weeks 6 and 12, change from baseline Timed Up and Go test (p = .003 and p = .002, respectively), Berg Balance Scale (p = .001 and p < .001, respectively), and Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively) were significantly higher in RAT group than those of the control group.ConclusionIntegrated treatment with RAT and physical therapy might provide additional benefits in chronic stroke patients whom spasticity was treated by BoNT‐A.
Induced expression of cathelicidins in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged with four different bacterial pathogens
Authors: Furlan Michela , Rosani Umberto , Gambato Stefano , Irato Paola , Manfrin Amedeo , Mardirossian Mario , Venier Paola , Pallavicini Alberto , Scocchi Marco 
Published: May 2018

Cathelicidins are an important family of antimicrobial peptide effectors of innate immunity in vertebrates. Two members of this group, CATH‐1 and CATH‐2, have been identified and characterized in teleosts (ray‐finned fish). In this study, we investigated the expression of these genes in different tissues of rainbow trout challenged with 4 different inactivated pathogens. By using qPCR, we detected a strong induction of both cath‐1 and cath‐2 genes within 24 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation with Lactococcus garvieae, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida, or Flavobacterium psychrophilum cells. Up to 700‐fold induction of cath‐2 was observed in the spleen of animals challenged with Y. ruckeri. Moreover, we found differences in the intensity and timing of gene up‐regulation in the analyzed tissues. The overall results highlight the importance of cathelicidins in the immune response mechanisms of salmonids.
Supramolecular Metal–Phenolic Gels for the Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Authors: Rahim Md. Arifur , Hata Yuuki , Björnmalm Mattias , Ju Yi , Caruso Frank 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of supramolecular gel media for the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is of interest for controlling crystal size, morphology, and polymorphism, as these features determine the performance of pharmaceutical formulations. In contrast to supramolecular systems prepared from synthetic gelators, herein, supramolecular metallogels based on a natural polyphenol (tannic acid) are used for the crystallization of APIs. The gel‐grown API crystals exhibit considerable differences in size, morphology, and polymorphism when compared with those formed in solutions. These physical features can also be tailored by varying the gel composition and additives, suggesting an influence of the gel medium on the crystallization outcomes. Furthermore, these gel–API crystal composites can be used for sustained drug release, indicating their potential as drug delivery systems. The facile preparation of these supramolecular gels and the use of naturally abundant components in their synthesis provide a generic platform for studying gel‐mediated crystallization of diverse APIs.
Image‐scoring system for umbilical and uterine artery pulsed‐wave Doppler ultrasound measurement
Authors: Molloholli M. , Napolitano R. , Ohuma E. O. , Ash S. , Wanyonyi S. Z. , Cavallaro A. , Giudicepietro A. , Barros F. , Carvalho M. , Norris S. , Min A. M. , Zainab G. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo develop an objective image‐scoring system for pulsed‐wave Doppler measurement of maternal uterine and fetal umbilical arteries, and evaluate how this compares with subjective assessment.MethodsAs an extension to the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project, we developed a scoring system based on six predefined criteria for uterine and umbilical artery pulsed‐wave Doppler measurements. Objective evaluation using the scoring system was compared with subjective assessment which consisted of classifying an image as simply acceptable or unacceptable. Based on sample size estimation, a total of 120 umbilical and uterine artery Doppler images were selected randomly from the INTERGROWTH‐21st image database. Two independent reviewers evaluated all images in a blinded fashion, both subjectively and using the six‐point scoring system. Percentage agreement and kappa statistic were compared between the two methods.ResultsThe overall agreement between reviewers was higher for objective assessment using the scoring system (agreement, 85%; adjusted kappa, 0.70) than for subjective assessment (agreement, 70%; adjusted kappa, 0.47). For the six components of the scoring system, the level of agreement (adjusted kappa) was 0.97 for anatomical site, 0.88 for sweep speed, 0.77 for magnification, 0.68 for velocity scale, 0.68 for image clarity and 0.65 for angle of insonation.ConclusionIn quality assessment of umbilical and uterine artery pulsed‐wave Doppler measurements, our proposed objective six‐point image‐scoring system is associated with greater reproducibility than is subjective assessment. We recommend this as the preferred method for quality control, auditing and teaching. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Evaluation of the Impact of an International Master of Advanced Studies in Medical Physics
Authors: Loreti Giorgia , Aslian Hossein , Brito Antonio , Delis Harry , Longo Renata , Padovani Renato 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Master of advanced studies in Medical Physics (MMP) has been jointly organized since 2014 by the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and Trieste University and supported by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), through the work of the Dosimetry and Medical Radiation Physics Section (DMRP), Division of Human Health (NAHU) and the IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme. The MMP, offers one academic year of theoretical classes followed by one year of structured clinical training in hospitals. It aims at addressing the scarcity of formal education and training schemes for medical physics studies, through an internationally harmonized programme that provides graduates with an academic knowledge and practical skills and competencies, to effectively practice medical physics once back to their home countries and Regions. Adequate academic education and structured clinical training of medical physicists play an important role in ensuring the safe and effective use of nuclear technologies in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. To evaluate the impact of the MMP, an online survey was developed and distributed to the graduates of the first two cycles of the programme, in March 2017, considering different aspects contributing to the overall fulfilment of the MMP aims. Criteria comprised: the activity of the graduates before and after the MMP, return rate to their home country and work activities performed after the degree. Specific feedback was also analysed about the MMP programme. The analysis of the 22 received answers (85% of all graduates at the time of the survey) is presented in this article.
The long and winding road of evolutionary demography: preface
Authors: Takada Takenori , Shefferson Richard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFitness can be calculated using demographic parameters such as survival and fecundity, which are normally used to examine population dynamics in ecology. This concept is at the heart of Darwin's thinking on natural selection. Natural selection optimizes survival and fertility schedules through differential fitness, and these optimal schedules drive changes in population dynamics. Therefore, there must exist an interaction between ecology and evolution. One of the disciplines that focus on the interaction is “Evolutionary demography”. It uses age‐ or stage‐specific demographic parameters throughout the whole life history to explore the evolution of life histories. Data throughout the life history of a species is indispensable to study evolutionary demography. To this end, two large‐scale databases of plant and animal life history are now available online, the COMPADRE Plant Matrix Database and the COMADRE Animal Matrix Database. We are now in a revolutionary era in the demographic research of plant and animal populations (including human populations). Many skills and approaches are needed to answer questions on evolutionary demography including bodies of theory and analytical toolkits. This special issue covers a wide array of subjects: (1) Demographic analysis of populations (including human populations) from the point of view of evolutionary ecology, (2) Meta‐analysis using big databases of populations, (3) Eco‐evolutionary studies at the population and/or community level and (4) Theoretical studies and the development of mathematical models of life history evolution. 14 collected papers are published to answer a variety of questions using original ideas, new tools, and big data.
Trauma Without Borders: The Necessity for School-Based Interventions in Treating Unaccompanied Refugee Minors
Authors: Franco Diana 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article explores migration trauma among Mexican and Central American unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) with the purpose of developing an understanding of migration as a tripartite process consisting of: pre-migration exposure to traumatic stressors, in-journey stressors, and post-migration stressors. The migration experience of these youth may be subjectively different depending on a wide range of factors. The complexities of migration are explored as a traumatic, tripartite process. These three salient components of migration may act as precursors, often resulting in psychological sequelae such as: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Of all migrant groups, URM are more likely to develop psychiatric symptoms. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Trauma in Schools (CBITS), and Mental Health for Immigrants Program (MHIP) are among the most effective interventions in the treatment of PTSD, anxiety, and depression in refugee minors. Social workers in schools are in unique positions to provide mental health services to URM. A case example illustrating a cultural adaptation of TF-CBT in an urban public high school is included. Clinical implications of culturally responsive and trauma-informed treatment of URM in schools will be discussed. Additionally, this article will emphasize the importance of bridging the gap between research and culturally responsive, trauma-informed interventions for URM in schools.