bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of left ventricular size and function in cardiac transplant recipients: Side‐by‐side comparison of real time two‐dimensional echocardiography, contrast‐enhanced two‐dimensional echocardiography, three‐dimensional echocardiography, and contrast‐enhanced three‐dimensional echocardiography as compared to magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Rodriguez‐Mañero Moises , Azcárate‐Agüero Pedro , Kreidieh Bahij , Alvez María Teresa , Martínez‐Monzonís Amparo , Diaz‐Dorronsoro Agnes , Cid‐Menéndez Adrian , González‐Juanatey José Ramón , Barba‐Cosials Joaquin , Rábago Gregorio , Bastarrika Gorka 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionWe evaluate the ability of 2D non‐contrast‐enhanced echocardiography (CE‐echo), 2DCE‐echo, 3D‐echo, 3D non‐CE‐echo, and 3DCE‐echo to evaluate allograft function and dimensions in orthotropic heart transplantation (OHT). Cardiac resonance (CMR) was used as reference.MethodsTwenty six consecutive OHT‐recipients were prospectively recruited. Bland–Altman, Spearman rank, and concordance‐correlation coefficients (CCC) were determined.ResultsGood CCCs were found between the four modalities and CMR for ejection fraction (r ≥ 0.72/P < 0.001; r ≥ 0.77/ P < 0.001; r ≥ 0.51/ P < 0.23; r ≥ 0.75/ P < 0.001, respectively). Highest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was for 2D CE‐echo(CCC = 0.77). End‐diastolic volume(EDV) measurements statistically differed when 2D non‐CE‐echo, 2DCE‐echo, and 3D non‐CE‐echo were compared with the cross‐sectional imaging modalities, but they did not differ significantly from 3DCE‐echo. End‐systolic volume (ESV) and stroke volume (SV) differed statistically between the four modalities; however, SV measured by CMR and 3DCE‐echo were comparable. Overall, 2D non‐CE‐echo, 2DCE‐echo, and 3D non‐CE‐echo showed lower mean EDV, ESV, and SV than CMR. ICC was that of the ESV variable in the 4 techniques, with the values of the ICC of the 3DCE‐echo technique superior to the rest. Overall, the best CCC were found for 3DCE(r = 0.88, 0.92 and 0.76 for EDV, ESV and SV, respectively).ConclusionRoutine use of 3DCE‐echo may allow more comprehensive cardiac assessment in cardiac transplant recipients.
The lipidome of Thoroughbred racehorses before and after supramaximal exercise
Authors: Nolazco Sassot L. , Villarino N. F. , Dasgupta N. , Morrison J. J. , Bayly W. M. , Gang D. , Sanz M. G. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundA comprehensive study of the effect of supramaximal exercise in lipid homeostasis of Thoroughbreds provides the basis for future research on the role of lipids on energy metabolism in racehorses.ObjectiveTo compare the plasma lipidome of Thoroughbreds before and after supramaximal exercise using an untargeted lipidomics approach.Study designPilot experimental study.MethodsFour Thoroughbred horses were used. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was calculated for each horse. Horses then underwent treadmill exercise at the speed for which the oxygen requirements had been calculated to be 115%VO2max. Plasma samples were obtained before (T0) and immediately (T1), 15 (T2) and 30 (T3) minutes post‐exercise, and evaluated using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data analysis consisted of principal component analysis and one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsA total of 933 plasma lipids were detected. Supramaximal exercise‐induced significant changes in the signal intensity of 13 lipids; all ubiquitous in the organism as major components of biological membranes or energy substrates.Main limitationsA treadmill was used to replicate track conditions. Also, sample size involved only four horses and the statistical analyses failed to achieve the desired power of 80%.ConclusionsThe findings in this pilot study suggest that supramaximal exercise induces changes in specific plasma lipids in Thoroughbred racehorses. While the biological significance of these findings remains to be determined, these results provide baseline information for future studies in lipidomics applied to equine exercise physiology. Further research is warranted to better understand the role of lipids on energy metabolism in Thoroughbred racehorses.
In vivo inactivation of glycosidases by conduritol B epoxide and cyclophellitol as revealed by activity‐based protein profiling
Authors: Kuo Chi‐Lin , Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Lelieveld Lindsey T. , Mirzaian Mina , Zoutendijk Iris , Vardi Ayelet , Futerman Anthony H. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Spaink Herman P. , Overkleeft Herman S. , Aerts Johannes M.F.G. , Artola Marta 
Published: January 2019

Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) is a lysosomal β‐glucosidase‐degrading glucosylceramide. Its deficiency causes Gaucher disease (GD), a common lysosomal storage disorder. Carrying a genetic abnormality in GBA constitutes at present the largest genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). Conduritol B epoxide (CBE), a mechanism‐based irreversible inhibitor of GBA, is used to generate cell and animal models for investigations on GD and PD. However, CBE may have additional glycosidase targets besides GBA. Here, we present the first in vivo target engagement study for CBE, employing a suite of activity‐based probes to visualize catalytic pocket occupancy of candidate off‐target glycosidases. Only at significantly higher CBE concentrations, nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA2) and lysosomal α‐glucosidase were identified as major off‐targets in cells and zebrafish larvae. A tight, but acceptable window for selective inhibition of GBA in the brain of mice was observed. On the other hand, cyclophellitol, a closer glucose mimic, was found to inactivate with equal affinity GBA and GBA2 and therefore is not suitable to generate genuine GD‐like models.EnzymesGlucocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.45), nonlysosomal β‐glucocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.45); cytosolic β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); α‐glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.20); β‐glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31).
On sunspots, bank runs, and Glass–Steagall
Authors: Shell Karl , Zhang Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe analyze the pre‐deposit game in a two‐depositor banking model. The Glass–Steagall bank is assumed to be restricted to holding only liquid assets. Depositors tolerate a panic‐based run if its probability of occurrence s is small. How s affects the allocation of assets depends on the incentive compatibility constraint (ICC). When the ICC is not binding, the sunspot allocation is not a mere randomization over the run and non‐run outcomes under the so‐called “optimal contract.” We offer this paper as a contribution to both the literature on banking and financial fragility and also the broader literature on sunspot equilibrium.
A CBC algorithm combined with immature platelet fraction is able to identify JAK2 V617F mutation‐positive polycythaemia vera patients
Authors: Johnson Steve , Baker Bartrum 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe recent lowering of the World Health Organisation (WHO) haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (HCT) thresholds for diagnosis of polycythaemia vera (PV) has markedly increased the proportion of complete blood counts (CBC) that could be referred for haematologist review for comment, including advice on JAK2 V617F mutation analysis. The utility of an algorithm based on CBC indices and immature platelet fraction (IPF) to select cases for haematologist review was investigated.MethodsIPF analysis was performed on 22 patients with known JAK2 V617F mutation and 41 patients who were negative for this mutation previously tested because of suspicion of PV. A reference range study for IPF was performed on 102 normal patients.The algorithm was applied to data from 163 358 CBC analyses to identify those most likely to have PV for review by a haematologist.ResultsThe CBC algorithm and IPF requirement were satisfied by 47 patients (0.03%), eight of whom were known to have myeloproliferative disorders; the remaining 39 were referred for haematologist review.ConclusionUtilising the algorithm enables identification of patients with a high likelihood of PV for haematological review. Large numbers are able to be screened efficiently and cost‐effectively. Some patients with masked PV are able to be detected before clinical presentation.
Gender disparities in European labour markets: A comparison of conditions for men and women in paid employment
Authors: CASTELLANO Rosalia , ROCCA Antonella 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough the dramatic increase in female labour force participation in recent decades has been connected to significant changes in economic opportunities for women, gender disparities in the labour market persist in many forms. This article seeks to assess whether higher gender differentials in European labour markets are directly related to poor economic conditions. To this end, the results of a composite indicator designed and developed by the authors in a previous study are updated and three new composite indicators are constructed for a separate analysis of female and male labour market conditions and gender gap for paid employment.
Measuring the impact of an organizational inclusion programme on absence among employees with disabilities: A quasi‐experimental design
Authors: FOLGUERA‐I‐BELLMUNT Conxita , FERNÁNDEZ‐I‐MARÍN Xavier , BATISTA‐FOGUET Joan Manuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article presents research on an organizational inclusion programme aiming to reduce absenteeism due to illness and injury among employees with disabilities. Qualitative fieldwork on the programme's characteristics was followed by a quasi‐experimental design with two control groups (non‐equivalent and no‐treatment) using abbreviated time series (2005–12). The data of employees with disabilities who participated in the programme were compared with those of non‐participants and of employees without disabilities, through a hierarchical non‐nested negative binomial regression with a lagged outcome variable. The authors find strong evidence of a reduction in absence due to illness among participant employees with disabilities, and somewhat weaker evidence of reduced absence due to injury.
Remittances, Institutions and Growth in Africa
Authors: Chitambara Prosper 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRemittances have become an important source of external finance in many developing countries. This article examines the relationship between remittances, institutions and economic growth in a panel of 26 African countries over the period 1980–2014. We apply the fixed effects (FE) and the two‐step system generalized method‐of‐moments (GMM) estimation methods. Our results show that there is a positive relationship between remittances and growth. We also find that institutions are an important determinant of economic growth. The interaction terms have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth. Thus, the growth effect of remittances is enhanced in the presence of strong institutions. Strong institutions are therefore germane in attracting greater remittance inflows to African countries. A clearer understanding of the channels through which remittance flows will enhance growth in African economies may assist policymakers to craft appropriate policies. In particular, a policy environment that promotes strong institutions would serve to attract more remittances.
A synthesis of animal‐mediated seed dispersal of palms reveals distinct biogeographical differences in species interactions
Authors: Muñoz Gabriel , Trøjelsgaard Kristian , Kissling W. Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo synthesize published knowledge on palm–frugivore seed dispersal observations and to test whether broad‐scale differences in geographic coverage, diversity, composition and functional structure of plant–animal interactions emerge between biogeographical regions.LocationNeotropics and Afrotropics.MethodsWe constructed a meta‐network for both regions by aggregating observations of pairwise palm–frugivore interactions from the primary literature. We assessed sampling completeness with accumulation curves and estimated knowledge gaps for individual palm species and geographic units within biogeographical regions. We compared the taxonomic composition as well as structural indices of regional interaction networks and tested whether functional trait matching (i.e., the relationship between palm fruit size and frugivore body size) differs between regions.ResultsA total of 750 unique pairwise interaction records were retrieved from the primary literature covering 340 frugivores and 126 palms. Sampling completeness of frugivore interactions within biogeographical regions and for individual palm species was low (often <50%), geographic coverage limited, and relative knowledge gaps were largest in areas with high palm species richness. Interaction diversity and network modularity was larger in the Neotropics than the Afrotropics. A positive fruit size–body mass relationship (i.e., functional trait matching) was statistically significant in the Afrotropics, but not in the Neotropics.Main conclusionsAvailable data on palm–frugivore interactions suggest major biogeographical differences in ecological networks among regions, even when taking differences in palm species richness into account. The Neotropics showed a larger interaction diversity and more modular network structure than the Afrotropics. Broad‐scale morphological trait matching among plants and frugivores was only observed in the Afrotropics. The lack of a Neotropical trait matching relationship might be driven by the late Quaternary extinctions of mammalian megafauna in this region. Although our work has increased the digital availability of palm–frugivore interaction observations, massive knowledge gaps of interaction diversity remain in the tropics.
Prevalence and characteristics of celiac disease in South African patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Durban Diabetes and Celiac Disease Study
Authors: Paruk Imran M , Naidoo Vasudevan G , Pirie Fraser J , Maharaj Sureka , Nkwanyana Ntombifikile M , Dinnematin Hilary L , Ganie Yasmeen , Ramdial Pratistadevi K , Motala Ayesha A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of celiac disease (CD) in all patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary adult diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional observational study that screened 202 patients; of these, 56.4% were African (Black), 31.7% Asian Indian, 4.5% White, and 7.4% mixed race. Demographic data, symptoms, and anthropometry were documented. Blood tests included anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibody (tTG), anti‐endomysial antibody (EMA), and anti‐gliadin antibody (AGA). Endoscopy and duodenal biopsy were performed in patients with celiac antibodies. Diagnosis of CD was based on the modified Marsh classification.ResultsMean age and mean duration of diabetes were 26.4 ± 11.4 and 10.7 ± 9.1 years, respectively. Celiac antibodies were found in 65 (32.2%) patients: EMA 7.4%, tTG immunoglobulin A (IgA) 8.4%, tTG immunoglobulin G 1.9%, AGA IgA 18.3%, and AGA immunoglobulin G 21.8%. Histological evidence of CD was found in 5.9% (n = 12/202): 2.5% were classed as definite CD (Marsh 3) and 3.4% as potential CD (Marsh 1). None of the patients with CD were symptomatic. The sensitivity of AGA IgA, EMA, and tTG IgA antibodies for detecting histologically proven CD was 66.7%, 50.0%, and 41.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of CD was similar to reports from western countries. No ethnic specific differences were noted. CD was silent in all patients in this study. The sensitivity of EMA and tTG antibodies was poor and merits further evaluation as screening tools for CD in South African patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
An Exploratory Study of the Support Needs in 24/7 Online Support for People With Mild Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Zaagsma Miriam , Volkers Karin M. , Schippers Alice P. , Wilschut Janneke A. , van Hove Geert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractService organizations for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) increasingly look for technological applications to improve their services. DigiContact is an online support service developed by Philadelphia Care Foundation in the Netherlands which enables independently living people with ID to contact specially trained support workers 24/7. The purpose of this study was to explore the support needs for which people with ID use online support. We first conducted interviews with 21 individuals with ID who use the online support service. Transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Second, online support workers registered items regarding the support needs when in contact with support users. These data were analyzed to assess which and how often the support needs were present. Online support is used for a broad variety of issues. Four themes emerged during analysis of the interviews: mental health, social contacts (conflicts with others as well as lack of contacts), practical issues, and physical health. Analysis of the support workers' data showed that making a connection with someone and talking about worries and stress are the two most frequent support needs. Most support needs did not differ across the time of day or across the week. The results suggest that 24/7 online support is a useful way of providing services to independently living people with ID. Unlimited access to support has multiple advantages. It appears to have a signaling and a preventive function with regard to emotional and behavioral problems.
The first successful pediatric heart transplant and results from the earliest era
Authors: Kirk Richard , Butts Ryan J. , Dipchand Anne I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe first pediatric heart transplant died 5 hours after transplant and the case was published by Kantrowitz. There is no report of the first successful case in the medical literature, nor indeed the outcome of children transplanted prior to 1982. However, we recently discovered that children from this period were entered retrospectively into the ISHLT Registry when it began and they form the basis of this report.MethodsA retrospective review of the ISHLT Thoracic Registry was undertaken for pediatric heart transplants prior to 1982. Demographic and descriptive data, and patient and graft survival were analyzed.ResultsThirty children (24 male) had a median age of 13 years (IQR 12‐16) at the time of primary transplant. The underlying cardiac diagnosis was cardiomyopathy (18), congenital heart disease (7), not reported (5). The median follow‐up was 2.63 years (IQR 0.1‐7.2). Twenty‐two patients are known to have died, and eight underwent retransplantation. Median patient survival was 3.5 years. The first patient to survive for more than one year was transplanted in 1968 and survived 6 years.ConclusionThe definition of a successful transplant is debatable; however, the first child reported to the registry to survive beyond one year was transplanted in 1968. Survival for these early patients was considerably less than the subsequent eras and retransplantation more common; however, the experience in managing these children laid the foundation for the future.
Assessing of the audiovisual patient educational materials on diabetes care with PEMAT
Authors: Kang Soo Jin , Lee Mi Sook 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the understandability and actionability of audiovisual educational materials on diabetes in Korea using the Patient Education Materials Evaluation Tool (PEMAT), as well as determine the usefulness of these materials.MethodsA total of 85 audiovisual materials were collected from Korean websites of territory general hospitals, national health institutions, research associations, and major search engines relating to diabetes that were created between 2006 and 2015. Of these, 34 materials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Five trained researchers evaluated the materials independently.ResultsMore than half of the materials (58.8%) had been created by nongovernment organizations. Slightly more than half (n = 19) of the audiovisual materials were streaming‐style animation. The average PEMAT score (58.5%) for these materials was moderate. Compared to “understandability” ratings (49.5%), “actionability” ratings were low (31.4%); indeed, fourteen materials had an actionability of 0%. The average usefulness score of the materials was 4.3 points out of a possible 7. There were few suitable audiovisual materials for patient education on diabetes.ConclusionsThese findings will be useful for developing new audiovisual educational materials for diabetes patients with high understandability, actionability, and usefulness.
Advances and challenges in genetic engineering of microalgae
Authors: Fajardo Carlos , De Donato Marcos , Carrasco Rafael , Martínez‐Rodríguez Gonzalo , Mancera Juan Miguel , Fernández‐Acero Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKnowledge at the molecular level of microalgae has obtained great scientific interest in recent years, because of their potential for biofuel production, as well as other highly valued molecules. Recent advances in the area of the genetic manipulation of microalgae open an entirely new field of possible applications for these organisms as biorefineries. This review represents a compendium that gathers the main milestones that have marked the area of genetic engineering in microalgae during the last decade, from classical techniques for the transformation and expression of transgenes, to the most avant‐garde techniques currently used for gene silencing and DNA edition, as well as a discussion about the future perspectives in this field.
Quantitative cosmetic evaluation of long‐lasting foundation using multispectral imaging
Authors: Nagaoka Takashi , Kimura Yuichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe tried to search appropriate wavelength to quantitatively evaluate the ability of long‐lasting foundation using a hyperspectral imager (HSI) which can simultaneously measure position and wavelength information.Materials and methodsA good reputable long‐lasting foundation was applied to the skin of 10 healthy volunteers. Their skin was measured by our newly developed HSI every 2 hours from immediately after application to 6 hours. The application state of the foundation was quantified using the standard deviation of reflectance.ResultsA high correlation between standard deviation and the application state of the foundation was confirmed at many wavelengths. In particular, it was suggested that by using the standard deviation of 800 nm, the application state of the foundation can be evaluated quantitatively without depending on the subject's oxygen saturation level.ConclusionBy quantitatively evaluating the cosmetic‐applied skin by our system, further efficiency improvement of the volunteer experiment is expected.