bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of plant cytokinin levels in the Wolbachia‐free leaf‐mining species Phyllonorycter mespilella
Authors: Zhang Hui , Dubreuil Géraldine , Faivre Nicolas , Dobrev Petre , Kaiser Wilfried , Huguet Elisabeth , Vankova Radomira , Giron David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs phytohormones lie at the very core of molecular mechanisms controlling the plant physiology and development, they have long been hypothesized to be involved in insect‐induced plant manipulations. Cytokinins (CKs) are phytohormones now widely recognized to be utilized by leaf‐mining and gall‐inducing insects in the control of the physiology of their host plant. In some leaf‐mining moth species, larvae can supply the hormones themselves, bacterial symbionts contributing to the production of CKs. Our objective was to investigate whether closely related leaf‐miner species sharing the same ecological niche but differing in their Wolbachia infection status develop similar strategies to manipulate their host plant. An extensive identification and quantification of CKs has been used to elucidate physiological patterns relevant for the plant–insect interactions. Our results show that modulation of plant CK levels is impaired in the Wolbachia‐free leaf‐mining moth Phyllonorycter mespilella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) contrasting with results previously observed in the closely related moth species Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabricius) that produce and deliver CKs to the plant through an intricate interaction with Wolbachia. Our study suggests that mechanisms underlying colonization of the host plant and adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions are different between the two leaf‐miner species and that P. mespilella larvae most likely do not produce CKs. This species rather only buffers the degradation of CKs naturally occurring during the senescence of leaves leading to few active CKs being maintained at a sufficiently high level to induce and maintain a ‘green island’ phenotype (photosynthetically active green patches in otherwise senescing leaves). This study further provides converging experimental evidence pointing toward the influence of bacterial symbionts in the ability of leaf‐mining moths to control the physiology of their host plant with consequences for their ecology and evolutionary diversification.
Interaction between adenylate kinase 3 and glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Launay Hélène , Liu Fan , Lebrun Régine , Gontero Brigitte 
Published: May 2018

The critical and ubiquitous enzyme adenylate kinase (ADK) catalyzes the nucleotide phosphoryl exchange reaction: 2ADP ↔ ATP + AMP. The ADK3 in the chloroplasts of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, bears an unusual C‐terminal extension that is similar to the C‐terminal end of the intrinsically disordered protein CP12. In this study, we report that this enzyme, when oxidized but not when reduced, is able to interact with the chloroplast glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) forming a stable complex as shown by native electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. In this bienzyme complex, the activity of ADK3 is unchanged while the NADPH‐dependent activity of GAPDH is significantly inhibited. Moreover ADK3, like CP12, can protect GAPDH against thermal inactivation and aggregation. The ADK3‐GAPDH bienzyme complex is unable to recruit phosphoribulokinase (PRK), in contrast with the ternary complex formed between GAPDH‐CP12 and PRK. The interaction between ADK3 and GAPDH might be a mechanism to regulate the crucial ATP: NADPH ratio within chloroplasts to optimize the Calvin‐Benson cycle during rapid fluctuation in environmental resources.EnzymesAdenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.3), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.13), phosphoribulokinase (PRK, EC 2.7.1.19).
Creep crack initiation prediction considering constraint effect for pressurized pipelines with circumferential surface cracks
Authors: Wu D. , Jing H. , Xu L. , Zhao L. , Han Y. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTheoretical 2‐parameter C*‐Q* approaches and numerical simulation were conducted to investigate the creep crack initiation (CCI) time and the effect of constraints induced by the geometrical sizes of pipelines with circumferential surface cracks. The theoretical enhancement model of the C*‐Q* approaches under the transient creep condition, which considered the load‐independent constraint parameter Q*, was proposed to predict the CCI time around the crack front. The results revealed that the distribution regulation of Q* along the crack front for circumferential internal surface cracks and external surface cracks was similar. The maximum constraint level occurred near the deepest crack front part for cracks with small a/c (a/c < 0.4), while it occurred near the free surface for cracks with large a/c (a/c > 0.4). The constraint values at the same position (2Φ/π) increased with the increasing of the crack depth when a/c kept constant. In addition, the circumferential internal surface cracks of pipelines were proved more dangerous than the external surface cracks with the same geometrical size. Furthermore, the CCI times were decided by the peak values of constraint, or the CCI firstly occurred at the position where the constraint level was maximum. Additionally, the variation of hydrostatic stresses, triaxiality, and multiaxial strain factor considering the constraint parameter Q* was discussed. The suitability of the analytical C*‐Q* approaches was verified to predict CCI. The comparison of CCI times between the analytical approach and the BS 7910 as well as the finite element results demonstrated that the solutions under stress intensity factor–Riedel‐Rice control (initially by stress intensity factor and then by transient creep stress or Riedel‐Rice conditions)—were more accurate when internal pressure P < 18 MPa, but the solutions under Hutchinson‐Rice‐Rosengren–Riedel‐Rice control (initially by plastic Hutchinson‐Rice‐Rosengren control and then by Riedel‐Rice conditions) were more appropriate when P > 18 MPa. Finally, the accuracy of C*‐Q* 2‐parameter approaches and the suitability of finite element simulation were validated.
VHCF response of as‐built SLM AlSi10Mg specimens with large loaded volume
Authors: Tridello A. , Biffi C.A. , Fiocchi J. , Bassani P. , Chiandussi G. , Rossetto M. , Tuissi A. , Paolino D.S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is well known in the literature that fatigue is particularly critical for Additive Manufacturing (AM) parts, because internal defects originating during the AM process represent a critical site for crack initiation. In the literature, the High‐Cycle‐Fatigue (HCF) response of AM parts has been extensively investigated; however, there are few results on the Very‐High‐Cycle‐Fatigue (VHCF) behavior of AM parts, even if the number of machinery components that may sustain VHCF is rapidly increasing in the last years.The present paper investigates the VHCF response of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced through Selective Laser Melting. Ultrasonic tests are carried out on Gaussian specimens with a large loaded volume and show that fatigue failures in VHCF originate from surface and sub‐surface defects with the same mechanism of HCF failures. P‐S‐N curves and fatigue strength at 109 cycles are finally estimated to show the effect of defect size on the VHCF strength.Research highlights

Ultrasonic VHCF tests on AlSi10Mg Gaussian specimens produced through SLM.
Identification and analysis of critical AM defects inducing VHCF failure.
Statistical estimation of models for the prediction of the VHCF response of AM parts.
Statistical prediction of effect of defect size on the VHCF response of AM parts.
A comparative analysis of heterogeneity in commercially available recombinant factor VIII products
Authors: Baunsgaard D. , Nielsen A. D. , Nielsen P. F. , Henriksen A. , Kristensen A. K. , Bagger H. W. , Ezban M. 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionAdvances in analytical technologies enable investigation of possible correlations between molecular structure, aggregation and subvisible particle content. Regulatory agencies place increasing attention on potential risks associated with protein aggregates in the micron range in biological therapeutics.AimAssess the heterogeneity, high‐molecular‐weight protein (HMWP) species, subvisible particle content and posttranslational modifications in six commercially available recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) products.MethodsThree B‐domain‐deleted (BDD) or B‐domain truncated rFVIII products (turoctocog alfa, simoctocog alfa and moroctocog alfa) and three full‐length rFVIII products (octocog alfa FS and two octocog alfa) were analysed. HMWP content, amount of micron range subvisible particles, tyrosine‐1680 sulphation and N‐glycan analysis were investigated.ResultsThe B‐domain‐modified products had more protein size homogeneity vs the full‐length products. Size exclusion‐high‐performance liquid chromatography data indicated no association between B‐domain structure and aggregate content or size of the products tested. The rFVIII products showed large variation in subvisible particle concentration, with turoctocog alfa and simoctocog alfa having the lowest numbers (1000‐1600 and 1800‐2400 particles/100 IU, respectively). Turoctocog alfa and simoctocog alfa displayed the most complete tyrosine sulphation (>99.5%).ConclusionOverall, there was no association between molecular structure (full‐length B‐domain, BDD or truncated) and subvisible particle or HMWP content. Dissimilarities may be related to production and product handling differences. In this study, turoctocog alfa, such as simoctocog alfa, had one of the lowest levels of subvisible particles and HMWP content, and high protein size homogeneity.
αβ T‐cell receptors with a central CDR3 cysteine are enriched in CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocytes and their thymic precursors
Authors: Wirasinha Rushika C , Singh Mandeep , Archer Stuart K , Chan Anna , Harrison Paul F , Goodnow Christopher C , Daley Stephen R 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe thymus plays a crucial role in immune tolerance by exposing developing T cells (thymocytes) to a myriad of self‐antigens. Strong T‐cell receptor (TCR) engagement induces tolerance in self‐reactive thymocytes by stimulating apoptosis or selection into specialized T‐cell lineages, including intestinal TCRαβ+ CD8αα+ intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL). TCR‐intrinsic amino acid motifs that can be used to predict whether a TCR will be strongly self‐reactive remain elusive. Here, a novel TCR sequence alignment approach revealed that T‐cell lineages in C57BL/6 mice had divergent usage of cysteine within two positions of the amino acid at the apex of the complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) of the TCRα or TCRβ chain. Compared to pre‐selection thymocytes, central CDR3 cysteine usage was increased in IEL and Type A IEL precursors (IELp) and markedly decreased in Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T‐reg) and naïve T cells. These findings reveal a TCR‐intrinsic motif that distinguishes Type A IELp and IEL from T‐reg and naïve T cells.
65 years of influenza surveillance by a World Health Organization‐coordinated global network
Authors: Ziegler Thedi , Mamahit Awandha , Cox Nancy J. 
Published: May 2018

The 1918 devastating influenza pandemic left a lasting impact on influenza experts and the public, and the importance of global influenza surveillance was soon recognized. The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN) was founded in 1952 and renamed to Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System in 2011 upon the adoption by the World Health Assembly, of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the Sharing of Influenza Viruses and Access to Vaccines and Other Benefits (“PIP Framework”). The importance of influenza surveillance had been recognized and promoted by experts prior to the years leading up to the establishment of WHO. In the 65 years of its existence, the Network has grown to comprise 143 National Influenza Centers recognized by WHO, 6 WHO Collaborating Centers, 4 Essential Regulatory Laboratories, and 13 H5 Reference Laboratories. The Network has proven its excellence throughout these 65 years, providing detailed information on circulating seasonal influenza viruses, as well as immediate response to the influenza pandemics in 1957, 1968, and 2009, and to threats caused by animal influenza viruses and by zoonotic transmission of coronaviruses. For its central role in global public health, the Network has been highly recognized by its many partners and by international bodies. Several generations of world‐renowned influenza scientists have brought the Network to where it is now and they will take it forward to the future, as influenza will remain a preeminent threat to humans and to animals.
SKU arrangement on a unidirectional picking line
Authors: Matthews Jason , Visagie Stephan E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn order picking system consisting of independent unidirectional picking lines has been investigated in this study. A picking line forms a type of unidirectional carousel as multiple pickers walk in a clockwise direction around a conveyor belt running down the centre of the picking line. There are three decision tiers in this order picking system, namely the assignment of stock keeping units (SKUs) to different waves, the arrangement of SKUs into locations on a picking line for a wave of picking and the sequencing of orders. Each tier has an objective to minimise the total travel distance of pickers. The focus of this paper is on the arrangement of SKUs on a picking line for a wave of picking. An exact mathematical formulation is introduced which is not solvable to optimality for large real‐life instances. Two heuristics known to be optimal for certain carousel systems as well as two further heuristics using SKU correlations are therefore tested. The heuristic approaches are compared against lower bounds generated by relaxing the exact formulation and a set of random solutions. Known algorithms for carousel systems are not optimal in this carousel system and all heuristic approaches perform approximately equally well. It is shown that the gains from addressing the order sequencing decision tier outweighs that of the SKU arrangement decision tier. Moreover, the complexity of addressing the entire system of decision can be reduced by arranging SKUs with a simple heuristic having a negligible impact on solution quality.
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition softens head and neck cancer cells to facilitate migration in 3D environments
Authors: Chen Yin‐Quan , Lan Hsin‐Yi , Wu Yi‐Chang , Yang Wen‐Hao , Chiou Arthur , Yang Muh‐Hwa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe biological impact and signalling of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer metastasis has been established. However, the changes in biophysical properties of cancer cells undergoing EMT remain elusive. Here, we measured, via video particle tracking microrheology, the intracellular stiffness of head and neck cancer cell lines with distinct EMT phenotypes. We also examined cells migration and invasiveness in different extracellular matrix architectures and EMT‐related signalling in these cell lines. Our results show that when cells were cultivated in three‐dimensional (3D) environments, the differences in cell morphology, migration speed, invasion capability and intracellular stiffness were more pronounced among different head and neck cancer cell lines with distinct EMT phenotypes than those cultivated in traditional plastic dishes and/or seated on top of a thick layer of collagen. An inverse correlation between intracellular stiffness and invasiveness in 3D culture was revealed. Knock‐down of the EMT regulator Twist1 or Snail or inhibition of Rac1 which is a downstream GTPase of Twist1 increased intracellular stiffness. These results indicate that the EMT regulators, Twist1 and Snail and the mediated signals play a critical role in reducing intracellular stiffness and enhancing cell migration in EMT to promote cancer cells invasion.
Hitherto unknown detailed muscle anatomy in an 8‐week‐old embryo
Authors: Warmbrunn Moritz V. , de Bakker Bernadette S. , Hagoort Jaco , Alefs‐de Bakker Pauline B. , Oostra Roelof‐Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCongenital muscle diseases, such as myopathies or dystrophies, occur relatively frequently, with estimated incidences of up to 4.7 per 100 000 newborns. To diagnose congenital diseases in the early stages of pregnancy, and to interpret the results of increasingly advanced in utero imaging techniques, a profound knowledge of normal human morphological development of the locomotor system and the nervous system is necessary. Muscular development, however, is an often neglected topic or is only described in a general way in embryology textbooks and papers. To provide the required detailed and updated comprehensive picture of embryologic muscular anatomy, three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions were created based on serial histological sections of a human embryo at Carnegie stage 23 (8 weeks of development, crown–rump length of 23.8 mm), using Amira reconstruction software. Reconstructed muscles, tendons, bones and nerves were exported in a 3D‐PDF file to permit interactive viewing. Almost all adult skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs could be individually identified in their relative adult position. The pectoralis major muscle was divided in three separate muscle heads. The reconstructions showed remarkable highly developed extraocular, infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles at this age but surprisingly also absence of the facial muscles that have been described to be present at this stage of development. The overall stage of muscle development suggests heterochrony of skeletal muscle development. Several individual muscle groups were found to be developed earlier and in more detail than described in current literature.
How is the human umbilical artery regulated?
Authors: Lorigo Margarida , Mariana Melissa , Feiteiro Joana , Cairrao Elisa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to present an update of the main mechanisms involved in the physiological regulation of contraction and relaxation of the human umbilical artery (HUA) smooth muscle cells. A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the regulation of the HUA are presented in this article. The vascular smooth muscle is a highly specialized structure, whose main function is to regulate the vascular tonus. This is controlled by a balance between the cellular signaling pathways that mediate contraction and relaxation. The cells responsible for the contractile property of this muscle are the smooth muscle cells (SMC), and an excellent source of these cells is the HUA, involved in fetoplacental circulation. Since the umbilical blood vessels are not innervated, the HUA tonus is modulated by vasoactive substances that regulate the contractile process. The main vasoactive substances that induce contraction are serotonin, histamine, thromboxane, bradykinin, endothelin 1 and prostaglandin F2α, that are linked to the activation of proteins Gq and Gi/0. On the other hand, the main vasorelaxation mechanisms are the activation of adenyl and guanil cyclases, potassium channels and the inhibition of calcium channels. The SMC from the HUA allow the study of different cellular mechanisms and their functions. Therefore, these cells are an important tool to study the mechanisms regulating the contractility of this artery, allowing to detect potential therapeutic targets to treat HUA disorders (gestational hypertension and pre‐eclampsia).
Karrikin‐KAI2 signalling provides Arabidopsis seeds with tolerance to abiotic stress and inhibits germination under conditions unfavourable to seedling establishment
Authors: Wang Lu , Waters Mark T. , Smith Steven M. 
Published: May 2018

Summary

The control of seed germination in response to environmental conditions is important for plant success. We investigated the role of the karrikin receptor KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2) in the response of Arabidopsis seeds to osmotic stress, salinity and high temperature.

Germination of the kai2 mutant was examined in response to NaCl, mannitol and elevated temperature. The effect of karrikin on germination of wild‐type seeds, hypocotyl elongation and the expression of karrikin‐responsive genes was also examined in response to such stresses.

The kai2 seeds germinated less readily than wild‐type seeds and germination was more sensitive to inhibition by abiotic stress. Karrikin‐induced KAI2 signalling stimulated germination of wild‐type seeds under favourable conditions, but, surprisingly, inhibited germination in the presence of osmolytes or at elevated temperature. By contrast, GA stimulated germination of wild‐type seeds and mutants under all conditions. Karrikin induced expression of DLK2 and KUF1 genes and inhibited hypocotyl elongation independently of osmotic stress. Under mild osmotic stress, karrikin enhanced expression of DREB2A, WRKY33 and ERF5 genes, but not ABA signalling genes.

Thus, the karrikin‐KAI2 signalling system can protect against abiotic stress, first by providing stress tolerance, and second by inhibiting germination under conditions unfavourable to seedling establishment.
The case for treatment fidelity in active music interventions: why and how
Authors: Wiens Natalie , Gordon Reyna L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs the volume of studies testing the benefits of active music‐making interventions increases exponentially, it is important to document what exactly is happening during music treatment sessions in order to provide evidence for the mechanisms through which music training affects other domains. Thus, to complement systematic and rigorous attention to outcomes of the treatment, we outline four vital components of treatment fidelity and discuss their implementation in nonmusic‐ and music‐based interventions. We then describe the design of Music Impacting Language Expertise (MILEStone), a new intervention that aims to improve grammar skills in children with specific language impairment by increasing sensitivity to rhythmic structure, which may enhance general temporal processing and sensitivity to syntactic structure. We describe the approach to addressing treatment fidelity in MILEStone adapted from intervention research from other fields, including a behavioral coding system to track instructional episodes and child participation, a treatment manual, activity checklists, provider training and monitoring, a home practice log, and teacher ratings of participant engagement. This approach takes an important first step in modeling a formalized procedure for assessing treatment fidelity in active music‐making intervention research, as a means of increasing methodological rigor in support of evidence‐based practice in clinical and educational settings.
Planning music‐based amelioration and training in infancy and childhood based on neural evidence
Authors: Huotilainen Minna , Tervaniemi Mari 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMusic‐based amelioration and training of the developing auditory system has a long tradition, and recent neuroscientific evidence supports using music in this manner. Here, we present the available evidence showing that various music‐related activities result in positive changes in brain structure and function, becoming helpful for auditory cognitive processes in everyday life situations for individuals with typical neural development and especially for individuals with hearing, learning, attention, or other deficits that may compromise auditory processing. We also compare different types of music‐based training and show how their effects have been investigated with neural methods. Finally, we take a critical position on the multitude of error sources found in amelioration and training studies and on publication bias in the field. We discuss some future improvements of these issues in the field of music‐based training and their potential results at the neural and behavioral levels in infants and children for the advancement of the field and for a more complete understanding of the possibilities and significance of the training.