bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of the Distribution of Autophosphorylated Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II after Tetanic Stimulation in the CA1 Area of the Hippocampus
Authors: Ouyang Yannan , Kantor David , Harris Kristen M. , Schuman Erin M. , Kennedy Mary B. 
Published: April 2018

Autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) at threonine-286 produces Ca2+-independent kinase activity and has been proposed to be involved in induction of long-term potentiation by tetanic stimulation in the hippocampus. We have used an immunocytochemical method to visualize and quantify the pattern of autophosphorylation of CaMKII in hippocampal slices after tetanization of the Schaffer collateral pathway. Thirty minutes after tetanic stimulation, autophosphorylated CaM kinase II (P-CaMKII) is significantly increased in area CA1 both in apical dendrites and in pyramidal cell somas. In apical dendrites, this increase is accompanied by an equally significant increase in staining for nonphosphorylated CaM kinase II. Thus, the increase in P-CaMKII appears to be secondary to an increase in the total amount of CaMKII. In neuronal somas, however, the increase in P-CaMKII is not accompanied by an increase in the total amount of CaMKII. We suggest that tetanic stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway may induce new synthesis of CaMKII molecules in the apical dendrites, which contain mRNA encoding its α-subunit. In neuronal somas, however, tetanic stimulation appears to result in long-lasting increases in P-CaMKII independent of an increase in the total amount of CaMKII.Our findings are consistent with a role for autophosphorylation of CaMKII in the induction and/or maintenance of long-term potentiation, but they indicate that the effects of tetanus on the kinase and its activity are not confined to synapses and may involve induction of new synthesis of kinase in dendrites as well as increases in the level of autophosphorylated kinase.
Neonatal Nonhandling andIn UteroPrenatal Stress Reduce the Density of NADPH-Diaphorase-Reactive Neurons in the Fascia Dentata and Ammon’s Horn of Rats
Authors: Vaid R. R. , Yee B. K. , Shalev U. , Rawlins J. N. P. , Weiner I. , Feldon J. , Totterdell S. 
Published: April 2018

The density of nitric oxide (NO)-producing neurons in the fascia dentata and Ammon’s horn was assessed in 6-month-old male rats using NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Two separate experiments investigated whether (1) the complete absence of neonatal handling or (2) the administration of periodic prenatal stress could affect the expression and distribution of NADPH-d reactivity in the hippocampus, when compared with rats raised in normal standard laboratory conditions. Experiment 1 demonstrated that adult rats that received no handling during neonatal development (from birth to postnatal day 22) showed a very substantial reduction in NADPH-d-positive neurons per unit area throughout the entire hippocampus when compared with rats that received regular daily handling in this period. Quantitative analysis further revealed that this effect was significantly more pronounced in Ammon’s horn than in the fascia dentata, and within Ammon’s horn the dorsal region was selectively more affected. Experiment 2 showed that prenatal stress, which involved the administration of daily restraint stress to pregnant dams throughout the gestation period, also led to a reduction in NADPH-d reactivity in the hippocampus of the offspring of these dam when they reached adulthood.The present results suggest that behavioral manipulations in the early neonatal or prenatal period can significantly alter the neurodevelopment of the hippocampal NO system and these changes might be related to some of the behavioral abnormalities that emerge later in adulthood.
Evidence That the Homeodomain Protein Gtx Is Involved in the Regulation of Oligodendrocyte Myelination
Authors: Awatramani Raj , Scherer Steven , Grinspan Judith , Collarini Ellen , Skoff Robert , O’Hagan David , Garbern James , Kamholz John 
Published: April 2018

We have investigated the patterns of postnatal brain expression and DNA binding of Gtx, a homeodomain transcription factor. Gtx mRNA accumulates in parallel with the RNAs encoding the major structural proteins of myelin, myelin basic protein (MBP), and proteolipid protein (PLP) during postnatal brain development; Gtx mRNA decreases in parallel with MBP and PLP mRNAs in the brains of myelin-deficient rats, which have a point mutation in the PLP gene. Gtx mRNA is expressed in differentiated, postmitotic oligodendrocytes but is not found in oligodendrocyte precursors or astrocytes. These data thus demonstrate that Gtx is expressed uniquely in differentiated oligodendrocytes in postnatal rodent brain and that its expression is regulated in parallel with the major myelin protein mRNAs, encoding MBP and PLP, under a variety of physiologically relevant circumstances.Using a Gtx fusion protein produced in bacteria, we have confirmed that Gtx is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, which binds DNA sequences containing a core AT-rich homeodomain binding site. Immunoprecipitation of labeled DNA fragments encoding either the MBP or PLP promoter regions with this fusion protein has identified several Gtx-binding fragments, and we have confirmed these data using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In this way we have identified four Gtx binding sites within the first 750 bp of the MBP promoter and four Gtx binding sites within the first 1.3 kb of the PLP promoter. In addition, inspection of the PLP promoter sequence demonstrates the presence of six additional Gtx binding sites. These data, taken together, strongly suggest that Gtx is important for the function of differentiated oligodendrocytes and may be involved in the regulation of myelin-specific gene expression.
Sequence-Based Analysis of Lipid-Related Metabolites in a Multiethnic Study
Authors: Feofanova Elena V , Yu Bing , Metcalf Ginger A , Liu Xiaoming , Muzny Donna , Below Jennifer E , Wagenknecht Lynne E , Gibbs Richard A , Morrison Alanna C , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Small molecule lipid-related metabolites are important components of fatty acid and steroid metabolism—two important contributors to human health. This study investigated the extent to which rare and common genetic variants spanning the human genome influence the lipid-related metabolome. Sequence data from 1552 European-Americans (EA) and 1872 African-Americans (AA) were analyzed to examine the impact of common and rare variants on the levels of 102 circulating lipid-related metabolites measured by a combination of chromatography and mass spectroscopy. We conducted single variant tests [minor allele frequency (MAF) &gt; 5%, statistical significance P-value ≤ 2.45 × 10−10] and tests aggregating rare variants (MAF ≤ 5%) across multiple genomic motifs, such as coding regions and regulatory domains, and sliding windows. Multiethnic meta-analyses detected 53 lipid-related metabolites-locus pairs, which were inspected for evidence of consistent signal between the two ethnic groups. Thirty-eight lipid-related metabolite-genomic region associations were consistent across ethnicities, among which seven were novel. The regions contain genes that are related to metabolite transport (SLC10A1) and metabolism (SCD, FDX1, UGT2B15, and FADS2). Six of the seven novel findings lie in expression quantitative trait loci affecting the expression levels of 14 surrounding genes in multiple tissues. Imputed expression levels of 10 of the affected genes were associated with four corresponding lipid-related traits in at least one tissue. Our findings offer valuable insight into circulating lipid-related metabolite regulation in a multiethnic population.
Genetic Control of Genomic Alterations Induced in Yeast by Interstitial Telomeric Sequences
Authors: Moore Anthony , Dominska Margaret , Greenwell Patricia , Aksenova Anna Y , Mirkin Sergei , Petes Thomas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In many organisms, telomeric sequences can be located internally on the chromosome in addition to their usual positions at the ends of the chromosome. In humans, such interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) are nonrandomly associated with translocation breakpoints in tumor cells and with chromosome fragile sites (regions of the chromosome that break in response to perturbed DNA replication). We previously showed that ITSs in yeast generated several different types of instability, including terminal inversions (recombination between the ITS and the “true” chromosome telomere) and point mutations in DNA sequences adjacent to the ITS. In the current study, we examine the genetic control of these events. We show that the terminal inversions occur by the single-strand annealing pathway of DNA repair following the formation of a double-stranded DNA break within the ITS. The point mutations induced by the ITS require the error-prone DNA polymerase ζ. Unlike the terminal inversions, these events are not initiated by a double-stranded DNA break, but likely result from the error-prone repair of a single-stranded DNA gap or recruitment of DNA polymerase ζ in the absence of DNA damage.
Increasing PCP and Hospital Medicine Physician Verbal Communication During Hospital Admissions
Authors: Zackoff Matthew W. , Graham Camille , Warrick Denise , Pulda Kathleen , Gosdin Craig , Simpson Blair , Marischen Jessica , Bunch Paul , Vossmeyer Michael , Mussman Grant M. 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:
During hospital admission, communication between primary care physicians (PCPs) and hospital medicine (HM) physicians provides an opportunity for collaboration. Two-way communication facilitates collaboration by allowing the receiver to ask and respond to questions. At our institution, most HM-to-PCP communication occurred by telephone call after discharge. Our specific aim was to increase the percentage of patients for whom a telephone conversation occurred between HM and PCPs during hospital admission from 40% to &gt;80%.

METHODS:
An improvement team that included PCPs and HM physicians redesigned the process for communication with PCPs to emphasize collaboration during hospitalization. Interventions were used to target key drivers of information transparency, PCP and HM provider buy-in, the value of early call initiation, process standardization, accommodating provider availability, and preoccupation with failure. We used improvement-science methods and run charts to measure our progress and attain our goal.

RESULTS:
The median weekly percentage of patients with a phone call completed during hospitalization increased from 40% to 85% at the satellite campus and 40% to 80% at the main campus. In addition to the standardized use of a telephone operator system to route calls and follow-up on unplaced calls, critical interventions included feedback on PCP call preferences to providers and the provider script for calls.

CONCLUSIONS:
PCPs and HM physicians applied quality-improvement methodology to ensure reliable HM-PCP communication during hospital admission. Interventions to facilitate communication between providers and learners (who may otherwise have limited interaction), such as the scripting of phone calls and feedback from PCPs to HM physicians, were important for success.
Medical Emergency Team Event Characteristics from an Australian Pediatric Hospital: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study
Authors: Martinez F. Eduardo , Kelty Erin , Barr Samantha , McLeod Monique , Smalley Nathan 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To describe the characteristics of medical emergency team (MET) events at an Australian pediatric, tertiary-care center in a way that would allow for comparison with other MET systems.

METHODS:
A retrospective, single-center, observational study. Consecutive MET events that occurred between January 2013 and July 2014 at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children in Perth, Western Australia, were included.

RESULTS:
There were 46 445 hospital admissions during the study period and 197 MET events in children. This gives a rate of 4.2 MET events per 1000 admissions. Out of 197 pediatric MET events analyzed, there were 2 deaths (1.0%) that occurred during the MET events. All 197 patients were actively treated, with none receiving “do not attempt resuscitation” orders. Of pediatric MET events, 24% (48 of 197) were admitted to the PICU, and 75% (149 of 197) stayed in the ward where the call was made.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this tertiary-care, pediatric hospital in Australia, the MET event rate and the rate of admission to the PICU because of MET events are lower than those reported for US pediatric hospitals. Despite these differences, Australian data suggest that outcomes are similar to US pediatric hospitals.
The Medical Home and Health Care Transition for Youth With Autism
Authors: Rast Jessica E. , Shattuck Paul T. , Roux Anne M. , Anderson Kristy A. , Kuo Alice 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:Our objective in this study was to describe the association between the receipt of health care transition services (HCTS) and having a medical home in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Youth with ASD receive HCTS less often than other youth with special health care needs but are in particular need of continuous, comprehensive health care.METHODS:We used the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs to describe the receipt of HCTS in youth with ASD and its association with presence of a medical home. Descriptive statistics are presented, and logistic regression is used to assess the association between medical home and HCTS.RESULTS:Twenty-one percent of youth with ASD met the criteria for receiving HCTS. Youth with ASD and a medical home were almost 3 times as likely to receive HCTS as youth without a medical home, and youth who received family-centered care and have adequate care coordination within the medical home were more than twice as likely to receive HCTS as those who did not.CONCLUSIONS:Youth with ASD are not receiving HCTS at the same rate as their peers. Increasing provider awareness of autism, the components of a medical home, and of the importance of HCTS could greatly help increase the percentage of youth who receive effective HCTS.
KARAKTERISTIK SEBARAN SEDIMEN PANTAI UTARA JAWA STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN BREBES JAWA TENGAH
Authors: GEMILANG WISNU ARYA , RAHMAWAN GUNTUR ADHI , DHIAUDDIN RUZANA , WISHA ULUNG JANTAMA 
Published: April 2018

Dinamika kawasan pesisir mencakup proses erosi dan sedimentasi merupakan hal penting untuk mengetahui kondisi pantai. Pesisir Kecamatan Brebes merupakan salah satu kawasan di Pantai Utara Pulau Jawa yang memiliki dinimika perubahan pesisir sangat kuat. Studi sebaran jenis sedimen yang dilakukan secara terpadu di perairan Kecamatan Brebes ditunjukkan untuk memberikan gambaran proses transportasi dan pengendapan sedimen berdasarkan distribusi ukuran butir sedimen. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel sedimen dasar perairan secara acak dan tersebar di sepanjang pesisir dengan metode grab sampler, kemudian dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut dengan metode granulometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, pola sebaran sedimen permukaan dasar laut Kec.Brebes didominasi oleh sedimen berukuran lempung-pasir. Jenis sedimen berdasarkan ukuran butirnya yaitu pasir, pasir lanauan, lanau pasiran dan lanau. Kondisi hidro-oseanografi yang fluktuatif memberikan nilai sortasi buruk hingga sedang, dominasi ukuran halus tersebar pada bagian Timur, sedangkan fraksi kasar tersebar dibagian Barat dekat dengan laut lepas. Kondisi tersebut menjadikan salah satu faktor tererosinya bagian pesisir Kecamatan Brebes dengan dinamika hidro-oseanografi yang berubah-ubah.
ANALISIS RESIKO USAHA PABRIK PAKAN IKAN MANDIRI
Authors: Wardono Budi , Rahadian Rikrik , Tajerin Tajerin 
Published: April 2018

Aspek keberlanjutan merupakan permasalahan utama dalam upaya pengembangan pabrik pakan ikan mandiri. Masih diperlukan berbagai upaya agar Program Gerakan Pakan Ikan Mandiri (GERPARI) mampu menjadi solusi kebutuhan pakan ikan. Analisis risiko merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengetahui sejauh mana usaha pakan ikan mandiri dapat berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko tentang keberlanjutan usaha dengan pendekatan NPV at risk. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Desember 2016, di pabrik pakan ikan di Kabupaten Sleman dan Gunungkidul, Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer meliputi data usaha yaitu penyediaan bahan baku dan bahan lainnya, biaya produksi, pendapatan, sistem distribusi dan pemasaran pakan. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis risiko usaha dengan pendekatan NPV risk. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pada kondisi eksisting ternyata usaha pabrik pakan mandiri belum menguntungkan. Berdasarkan simulasi usaha pabrik pakan mandiri mampu memberikan keuntungan dengan syarat kontinuitas produksi dan bahan baku terpenuhi. Strategi yang dilakukan agar usaha memberikan margin positif dan NPV lebih besar dari 0, ialah menaikkan tingkat produksi dari 35% menjadi 50% dari kapasitas terpasang dan strategi kedua dengan menaikkan harga jual sebesar Rp. 500 menjadi Rp. 8.000/kg yang masih jauh dibawah harga pasaran Title: Risk Analysis of The Business Self-Sufficient Fish Feed PlantThe sustainability aspect is a major problem in the development of community-based selfsufficient fish feed plant. Various efforts are still necessary to make the self-sufficient fish feed movement program (Gerakan Pakan Ikan Mandiri/GERPARI) into a solution for the needs of fish feed. Risk analysis is one of the effort on measuring the sustainability of self-sufficient fish feed business. This research purpose was to identify the level of risk on business sustainability using the NPV at risk approach. The research was conducted in May-December 2016 at fish feed factory in Sleman and Gunungkidul regencies of Yogyakarta province. Primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were in terms of raw and other materials supply, production costs, income, distribution system and marketing. Risk analysis with NPV risk approach was used in this study. Results of the study showed that fish feed business has not been profitable. Based on the simulation, self sufficient fish feed business is profitable provided that continuity of raw materials and days of production are fulfilled. Therefore, there are 2 strategies to provide positive margin and NPV greater than 0, first, increasing production rate from 35% to 50% of installed capacity, and second, increasing the selling price by Rp. 500 to Rp. 8,000/kgs which is still far below the market price.
Circuitos económicos solidarios turísticos un desafío de sostenibilidad
Authors: Contreras Díaz Jackeline , Mancheno Ponce Diego , Cifuentes Vega Sebastian 
Published: April 2018

A pesar de que el turismo se ha identificado como una de las actividades con mayores ventajas para conseguir el desarrollo regional. Una de las limitaciones para su consolidación ha sido la sostenibilidad. El artículo resalta la importancia de considerar a la sostenibilidad socio económica de la actividad a través de la construcción de circuitos económicos solidarios turísticos bajo los principios de la economía popular y solidaria. Este desafío plantea la necesidad de realizar una evaluación in situ de cómo los actores han construido en sus imaginarios la posibilidad y ventaja de trabajar en redes articuladas a través de los circuitos económicos solidarios; y, si la institucionalidad estatal nacional y local creada ha favorecido o facilitado este propósito. En base a la observación- participativa y una serie de encuestas y entrevistas a los actores-socios de dichas organizaciones se consultó sobre los elementos favorables y limitantes para la constitución de estos circuitos económicos solidarios en el sector turístico. Entre los principales resultados, se identificó que el tejido social y las relaciones entre los actores son elementos centrales para generar mayor sostenibilidad socioeconómica de la actividad turística. Finalmente se pudo concluir que la generación de conocimiento endógeno en los circuitos económicos turísticos requiere de la intervención y promoción de las autoridades públicas; y son vitales para la consolidación y desarrollo de estos circuitos.
¿Son rentables las empresas concentradas? El caso del sector de curtido de pieles en el Ecuador
Authors: Morales Carrasco Lilian Victoria , Cordova Ana Consuelo , Altamirano Espíndola Luciano David , Lema Tituaña Eva Cristina 
Published: April 2018

El presente trabajo de investigación identifica la estructura de mercado del sector Curtido y Adobo de Pieles en el Ecuador CIIU: C151101 y tiene como objetivo establecer la relación entre rentabilidad, costos y concentración de mercado. Se calculó el índice de Herfindhal-Hirshman utilizado para casos de estructura de mercado imperfecta; y por otro lado, los índices de solvencia, liquidez, rentabilidad, para evaluar el desempeño financiero de las empresas concentradas. Además, se diseñaron cuatro modelos econométricos a los cuales se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas de idoneidad de los estimadores. Se aplicó análisis de regresión lineal simple y múltiple en varias experimentaciones a través de Mínimos cuadrados Ordinarios. De las nueve empresas del oligopolio, se identificaron cuatro empresas concentradas que controlan el 73,12% del mercado, con un margen de rentabilidad del 0,1391 promedio del oligopolio para el período de estudio 2011-2015. De los modelos econométricos desarrollados uno permitió evidenciar a través de la prueba estadística de Fisher que la concentración de mercado y los costos de producción inciden en la rentabilidad con un p-value de 0,00035, es decir, existe una relación lineal significativa de la rentabilidad del oligopolio con los costos de producción y la concentración del mercado, demostrándose así que este grupo de empresas obtienen beneficios por efecto de su capacidad para concentrar el mercado.
Violencia entre pareja íntima en contra de la mujer: un análisis de empoderamiento a través de la educación
Authors: Cavazos Diana M. 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: El marco teórico de empoderamiento fue utilizado para exponer la relevancia del empoderamiento de mujeres víctimas de violencia entre pareja íntima, a través de programas educativos, para lograr su independencia alejadas de compañeros íntimos violentos. Metodología: Este reporte es un análisis retrospectivo, cuantitativo, no experimental, de datos que exploran los resultados de la toma de decisiones de las mujeres abusadas, después de haber participado en programas educativos de empoderamiento. La muestra incluyó 2837 expedientes de mujeres adultas, víctimas de diferentes tipos de abuso causado por su pareja íntima. Los expedientes fueron clasificados según la inscripción en los módulos educativos ofrecidos en el albergue. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados utilizando medidas estadísticas descriptivas para determinar la frecuencia marginal de dos resultados binarios. Resultados: El nivel de participación en los programas educativos fue extremadamente bajo; aun así, las mujeres abusadas que son empoderadas para obtener alojamiento seguro pudieron alejarse de su pareja violenta; sin embargo, aun siendo empoderadas para conseguir empleo o con las destrezas para manejar sus finanzas, la mayoría de la mujeres no obtuvieron empleo ni los recursos económicos para retirarse de la relación violenta. Discusión: Se necesitan programas efectivos que empoderen a la mujer a retirarse del ciclo de violencia entre pareja íntima. Los esfuerzos de investigación son esenciales para determinar la efectividad de programas educativos que empoderan a la mujer a ser participantes activas en su jornada de recuperación de violencia entre pareja intima.