bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for pre‐eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation
Authors: Tan M. Y. , Syngelaki A. , Poon L. C. , Rolnik D. L. , O'Gorman N. , Delgado J. L. , Akolekar R. , Konstantinidou L. , Tsavdaridou M. , Galeva S. , Ajdacka U. , Molina F. S. , Persico N. , Jani J. C. , Plasencia W. , Greco E. , Papaioannou G. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the performance of screening for early, preterm and term pre‐eclampsia (PE) at 11–13 weeks' gestation by maternal factors and combinations of mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery (UtA) pulsatility index (PI), serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A).MethodsThe data for this study were derived from three previously reported prospective non‐intervention screening studies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation in a combined total of 61 174 singleton pregnancies, including 1770 (2.9%) that developed PE. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the prior distribution of gestational age at delivery with PE, obtained from maternal characteristics, with various combinations of biomarker multiples of the median (MoM) values to derive patient‐specific risks of delivery with PE at < 37 weeks' gestation. The performance of such screening was estimated.ResultsIn pregnancies that developed PE, compared to those without PE, the MoM values of UtA‐PI and MAP were increased and those of PAPP‐A and PlGF were decreased, and the deviation from normal was greater for early than late PE for all four biomarkers. Combined screening by maternal factors, UtA‐PI, MAP and PlGF predicted 90% of early PE, 75% of preterm PE and 41% of term PE, at a screen‐positive rate of 10%; inclusion of PAPP‐A did not improve the performance of screening. The performance of screening depended on the racial origin of the women; on screening by a combination of maternal factors, MAP, UtA‐PI and PlGF and using a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100 for PE at < 37 weeks in Caucasian women, the screen‐positive rate was 10% and detection rates for early, preterm and term PE were 88%, 69% and 40%, respectively. With the same method of screening and risk cut‐off in women of Afro‐Caribbean racial origin, the screen‐positive rate was 34% and detection rates for early, preterm and term PE were 100%, 92% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionScreening by maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation can identify a high proportion of pregnancies that develop early and preterm PE. © 2018 Crown copyright. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology © 2018 ISUOG.
Modularized production of fuels and other value‐added products from distributed, wasted, or stranded feedstocks
Authors: Weber Robert S. , Holladay Johnathan E. , Jenks Cynthia , Panisko Ellen A. , Snowden‐Swan Lesley J. , Ramirez‐Corredores Magdalena , Baynes Brian , Angenent Largus T. , Boysen Dane 
Published: June 2018

Distributed, wasted, or stranded feedstocks, when converted and upgraded into fuels, could replace about 6% of the U.S. demand for liquid fuels, which is about 25% of the net import of petroleum by the United States. We review the current state of modular approaches for conversion of these feedstocks, including the technology and economics associated with processing carbon‐containing waste and stranded, carbon‐containing gas. The wide geographic distribution of the feedstocks will require technology that can be scaled down effectively and that can be manufactured, installed, operated and monitored in ways that gain economies of mass production rather than economies of throughput scaling.This article is categorized under:
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Research & Innovation > Systems and Infrastructure
Scaling and universality in extremal black hole perturbations
Authors: Gralla Samuel E. , Zimmerman Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe show that the emergent near-horizon conformal symmetry of extremal black holes gives rise to universal behavior in perturbing fields, both near and far from the black hole horizon. The scale-invariance of the near-horizon region entails power law time-dependence with three universal features: (1) the decay off the horizon is always precisely twice as fast as the decay on the horizon; (2) the special rates of 1/toff the horizon and$$ 1/\sqrt{v} $$1/von the horizon commonly occur; and (3) sufficiently high-order transverse derivatives grow on the horizon (Aretakis instability). The results are simply understood in terms of near-horizon (AdS2) holography. We first show how the general features follow from symmetry alone and then go on to present the detailed universal behavior of scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations ofd-dimensional electrovacuum black holes.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) After R0 Gastrectomy for Cancer
Authors: Mellor Katie L , Powell Arfon G. M. T. , Lewis Wyn G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose
A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients undergoing potentially curative gastrectomy for cancer (GC).

Methods
Thomson Reuters Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE(R) and PUBMED databases were searched for relevant articles using search terms neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), GC and survival. Articles reporting overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS), in patients undergoing R0 gastrectomy, were studied.

Results
Articles numbering 365 were identified during the preliminary search, and 10 containing 4164 patients were included in the final review. Most patients were > 60 years of age, male (67%) and 2239 (53.8%) had pT3 disease. The number of NLR dichotomization thresholds reported numbered 7, with 2.00 and 3.00 (n = 2) the most common. NLR was associated with poor survival in eight studies with hazard ratios ranging from 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.89) to 2.99 (1.99–4.49). Pooled odds ratio (OR) for OS was 2.31 (1.40–3.83, p = 0.001) and for DFS 2.72 (1.14–6.54, p = 0.020). Four studies presented T-stage data, OR 1.62 (1.33–1.96, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
NLR is an important prognostic indicator associated with both OS and DFS after R0 resection of GC, but the critical level is equivocal.
Drainage van symptomatische lymfoceles na pelviene lymfeklierdissectie: een retrospectief overzicht met langdurige follow-up
Authors: Bovelander Elke , Brouwer Oscar R. , van Gennep Erik J. , Bevers Rob F. M. , Buddingh Tim 
Published: June 2018

Samenvatting
Een klein deel van de lymfoceles na een pelviene lymfeklierdissectie (PLKD) wordt symptomatisch en behoeft drainage. De incidentie wordt wellicht onderschat, aangezien geïnfecteerde lymfoceles ook nog lang na de ingreep kunnen optreden en daardoor ontbreken in de standaard complicatieregistraties. Deze studie geeft een overzicht van de presentatie, kweekresultaten en behandeling van symptomatische (veelal geïnfecteerde) lymfocele. Hiertoe is een retrospectieve analyse verricht van de data van alle patiënten die tussen 2005 en 2016 een laparoscopische extraperitoneale standaard-PLKD voor prostaatkanker ondergingen (n = 280). 10 % bleek percutane drainage van een symptomatische lymfocele nodig te hebben gehad, met een mediane drainageduur van negen dagen; 32 % van de patiënten had meerdere drainages nodig. Opvallend was dat de helft van de patiënten zich langer dan één maand na de PLKD presenteerden, en een enkele patiënt zelfs pas na 17 maanden.
DNA repair capacity correlates with standardized uptake values from 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in patients with advanced non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Jiang Xin (Eric) , Xu Ting , Wei Qingyi , Li Peng , Gomez Daniel R. , Court Laurence E. , Liao Zhongxing 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe DNA repair capacity (DRC) of tumor cells is an important contributor to resistance to radiation and platinum‐based drugs. Because DRC may be affected by tumor cell metabolism, we measured DRC in lymphocytes from patients with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and compared the findings with the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) after (chemo)radiation therapy.MethodsThis study included 151 patients with stage IA‐IV NSCLC who had FDG PET at a single institution and donated blood samples before chemotherapy. We assessed the correlation of DRC, measured in peripheral T lymphocytes by a host‐cell reactivation assay with SUVmax and their associations with overall survival (OS) time by hazards ratios calculated with a Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsSUVmax of the primary tumor at diagnosis was inversely associated with lymphocyte DRC (r = −0.175, P = 0.032), particularly among patients with advanced disease (r = −0.218, P = 0.015). However, ΔSUVmax of primary tumor was not significantly associated with DRC (r = 0.005, P = 0.968). SUVmax of regional lymph nodes at diagnosis (r = −0.307, P = 0.0008) and after (chemo)radiation treatment (r = −0.329, P = 0.034) and SUVmax of the primary tumor after (chemo)radiation treatment (r = −0.253, P = 0.045) were also inversely associated with OS time.ConclusionDRC was inversely associated with primary tumor SUVmax before treatment but not with ΔSUVmax after (chemo)radiation.
Tet2 Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Interacting with Runx1 and Maintaining Genomic 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)
Authors: Chu Yajing , Zhao Zhigang , Sant David Wayne , Zhu Ganqian , Greenblatt Sarah M. , Liu Lin , Wang Jinhuan , Cao Zeng , Tho Jeanette Cheng , Chen Shi , Liu Xiaochen , Zhang Peng , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Nimer Stephen , Wang Gaofeng , Yuan Weiping , Yang Feng-Chun , Xu Mingjiang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
As a dioxygenase, Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2) catalyzes subsequent steps of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) oxidation. TET2 plays a critical role in the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells, but its impact on mature hematopoietic cells is not well-characterized. Here we show that Tet2 plays an essential role in osteoclastogenesis. Deletion of Tet2 impairs the differentiation of osteoclast precursor cells (macrophages) and their maturation into bone-resorbing osteoclasts in vitro. Furthermore, Tet2−/− mice exhibit mild osteopetrosis, accompanied by decreased number of osteoclasts in vivo. Tet2 loss in macrophages results in the altered expression of a set of genes implicated in osteoclast differentiation, such as Cebpa, Mafb, and Nfkbiz. Tet2 deletion also leads to a genome-wide alteration in the level of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and altered expression of a specific subset of macrophage genes associated with osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Tet2 interacts with Runx1 and negatively modulates its transcriptional activity. Our studies demonstrate a novel molecular mechanism controlling osteoclast differentiation and function by Tet2, that is, through interactions with Runx1 and the maintenance of genomic 5hmC. Targeting Tet2 and its pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of abnormal bone mass caused by the deregulation of osteoclast activities.
Biomedical informatics applications for precision management of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Miller Justin B. , Shan Guogen , Lombardo Joseph , Jimenez‐Maggoria Gustavo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractModern medicine is in the midst of a revolution driven by “big data,” rapidly advancing computing power, and broader integration of technology into healthcare. Highly detailed and individualized profiles of both health and disease states are now possible, including biomarkers, genomic profiles, cognitive and behavioral phenotypes, high‐frequency assessments, and medical imaging. Although these data are incredibly complex, they can potentially be used to understand multi‐determinant causal relationships, elucidate modifiable factors, and ultimately customize treatments based on individual parameters. Especially for neurodegenerative diseases, where an effective therapeutic agent has yet to be discovered, there remains a critical need for an interdisciplinary perspective on data and information management due to the number of unanswered questions. Biomedical informatics is a multidisciplinary field that falls at the intersection of information technology, computer and data science, engineering, and healthcare that will be instrumental for uncovering novel insights into neurodegenerative disease research, including both causal relationships and therapeutic targets and maximizing the utility of both clinical and research data. The present study aims to provide a brief overview of biomedical informatics and how clinical data applications such as clinical decision support tools can be developed to derive new knowledge from the wealth of available data to advance clinical care and scientific research of neurodegenerative diseases in the era of precision medicine.
A Systematic Review of the Risks and Benefits of Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Margolick Joseph , Dandurand Charlotte , Duncan Katrina , Chen Wenjia , Evans David C. , Sekhon Mypinder S. , Garraway Naisan , Griesdale Donald E. G. , Gooderham Peter , Hameed S. Morad 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground:Patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, initiation of pharmacological venous thromboprophylaxis (VTEp) may cause further intracranial hemorrhage. We reviewed the literature to determine the postinjury time interval at which VTEp can be administered without risk of TBI evolution and hematoma expansion.Methods:MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were studies investigating timing and safety of VTEp in TBI patients not previously on oral anticoagulation. Two investigators extracted data and graded the papers’ levels of evidence. Randomized controlled trials were assessed for bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration Tool and Cohort studies were evaluated for bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed univariate meta-regression analysis in an attempt to identify a relationship between VTEp timing and hemorrhagic progression and assess study heterogeneity using anI2statistic.Results:Twenty-one studies were included in the systematic review. Eighteen total studies demonstrated that VTEp postinjury in patients with stable head computed tomography scan does not lead to TBI progression. Fourteen studies demonstrated that VTEp administration 24 to 72 hours postinjury is safe in patients with stable injury. Four studies suggested that administering VTEp within 24 hours of injury in patients with stable TBI does not lead to progressive intracranial hemorrhage. Overall, meta-regression analysis demonstrated that there was no relationship between rate of hemorrhagic progression and VTEp timing.Conclusions:Literature suggests that administering VTEp 24 to 48 hours postinjury may be safe for patients with low-hemorrhagic-risk TBIs and stable injury on repeat imaging.
Abrupt or gradual? Change point analysis of the late Pleistocene–Holocene climate record from Chew Bahir, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Trauth Martin H. , Foerster Verena , Junginger Annett , Asrat Asfawossen , Lamb Henry F. , Schaebitz Frank 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe used a change point analysis on a late Pleistocene–Holocene lake-sediment record from the Chew Bahir basin in the southern Ethiopian Rift to determine the amplitude and duration of past climate transitions. The most dramatic changes occurred over 240 yr (from ~15,700 to 15,460 yr) during the onset of the African Humid Period (AHP), and over 990 yr (from ~4875 to 3885 yr) during its protracted termination. The AHP was interrupted by a distinct dry period coinciding with the high-latitude Younger Dryas stadial, which had an abrupt onset (less than ~100 yr) at ~13,260 yr and lasted until ~11,730 yr. Wet-dry-wet transitions prior to the AHP may reflect the high-latitude Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles, as indicated by cross-correlation of the potassium record with the NorthGRIP ice core record between ~45–20 ka. These findings may contribute to the debates regarding the amplitude, and duration and mechanisms of past climate transitions, and their possible influence on the development of early modern human cultures.
Collagen stable isotopes provide insights into the end of the mammoth steppe in the central East European plains during the Epigravettian
Authors: Drucker Dorothée G. , Stevens Rhiannon E. , Germonpré Mietje , Sablin Mikhail V. , Péan Stéphane , Bocherens Hervé 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigher δ15N values in bone collagen of mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) compared with coeval large herbivores is a classic trait of the mammoth steppe. An exception applies to the Epigravettian site of Mezhyrich (ca. 18–17.4 ka cal BP) in the central East European plains, where mammoth bones have δ15N values equivalent to or in a lower range than those of horse specimens (Equussp.). We expanded our preliminary dataset to a larger sampling size of mammoth, other large herbivores, and carnivores from contemporaneous and nearby sites of Buzhanka 2, Eliseevichi, and Yudinovo. The unusual low mammoth δ15N values were confirmed at Buzhanka 2 and for some specimens from Eliseevichi, while most individuals from Yudinovo displayed the expected high δ15N values, meaning similar to those of the large canids. The possibility of a contrast in migration pattern is not supported since the δ34S values, a marker of mobility, do not correlate with the δ15N values of mammoth bone collagen. No clear chronological tendency could be revealed, at least not at the scale of radiocarbon dating. The low range in δ15N values is likely to reflect a change in the specific niche of the mammoth in the southern part of its distribution.
Evaluation indexes of coalbed methane accumulation in the strong deformed strike-slip fault zone considering tectonics and fractures: a 3D geomechanical simulation study
Authors: YIN SHUAI , DING WENLONG 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBoth the deformation and rupture characteristics of rocks are related to geomechanics. In this paper, we identify the evaluation indexes related to coalbed methane (CBM) accumulation in strongly deformed strike-slip fault zones considering tectonics and fractures. We found that fault scale, the fault combination, the tectonic stress, the preservation conditions and fractures all have important effects on the CBM distribution. Areas near the large-scale opening faults are unfavourable to the preservation of coalbed methane. The distribution of gas wells with different capacities is influenced by tectonic extension and convergence. A 3D geomechanical method was used to analyse the influence of the ‘ribbon effect’ of strike-slip faults on the CBM distribution. Due to the influence of the ‘ribbon effect’, the tectonic stress presents a planein situstress heterogeneity, which in turn will affect the gas well productivity. We also calculated the integrated rupture rate (IF) to characterize the degree of tectonic fracture development in the target coal reservoir. The appropriate fracture development degree can improve the petrophysical properties of the coal reservoirs while maintaining good storage conditions, such that the gas wells can achieve a higher production capacity. This study is of great significance for the enrichment of the geomechanical theory of oil and gas exploration.
PAUPER INVENTORIES, SOCIAL RELATIONS, AND THE NATURE OF POOR RELIEF UNDER THE OLD POOR LAW, ENGLAND, c. 1601–1834
Authors: HARLEY JOSEPH 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDuring the old poor law, many paupers had their possessions inventoried and later taken by authorities as part of the process of obtaining poor relief. Historians have known about this for decades, yet little research has been conducted to establish how widespread the system was, what types of parishioners had their belongings inventoried and why, what the legal status of the practice was, and how it affected social relations in the parish. Using nearly 450 pauper inventories, this article examines these historiographical lacunae. It is argued that the policy had no legal basis and came from local practices and policies. The system is found to be more common in the south and east of England than in the north, and it is argued that the practice gradually became less common from the late eighteenth century. The inventorying of paupers’ goods often formed one of the many creative ways in which parishes helped the poor before 1770, as it guaranteed many paupers assistance until death. However, by the late eighteenth century the appraising of paupers’ goods was closely tied to a negative shift in the attitudes of larger ratepayers and officials, who increasingly wanted to dissuade people from applying for assistance and reduce expenditure.
Justifying music in the national curriculum: The habit concept and the question of social justice and academic rigour
Authors: Bate Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn June 2015, the British government presented ‘the social justice case for an academic curriculum’ as the justification for recent radical changes to educational policy. However, this justification failed to account for both the key changes in the newly-revised National Curriculum for Music and the place of music in the National Curriculum as a whole.Through a critical evaluation of the National Curriculum for Music, this study will propose how the place of music could successfully be justified within an education system wholly committed to ‘social justice’. Using the ‘habit concept’ of classical philosophical pragmatism, it will assess how and why music's educational value should be understood not through its ‘academic rigour’ but through its distinctive, inherently destabilising nature.
MANY-VALUED LOGIC OF INFORMAL PROVABILITY: A NON-DETERMINISTIC STRATEGY
Authors: PAWLOWSKI PAWEL , URBANIAK RAFAL 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMathematicians prove theorems in a semi-formal setting, providing what we’ll call informal proofs. There are various philosophical reasons not to reduce informal provability to formal provability within some appropriate axiomatic theory (Leitgeb, 2009; Marfori, 2010; Tanswell, 2015), but the main worry is that we seem committed to all instances of the so-called reflection schema: B(φ) → φ (where B stands for the informal provability predicate). Yet, adding all its instances to any theory for which Löb’s theorem for B holds leads to inconsistency.Currently existing approaches (Shapiro, 1985; Horsten, 1996, 1998) to formalizing the properties of informal provability avoid contradiction at a rather high price. They either drop one of the Hilbert-Bernays conditions for the provability predicate, or use a provability operator that cannot consistently be treated as a predicate.Inspired by (Kripke, 1975), we investigate the strategy which changes the underlying logic and treats informal provability as a partial notion. We use non-deterministic matrices to develop a three-valued logic of informal provability, which avoids some of the above mentioned problems.