bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the coffee industry
Authors: Bradley Oliver James , Botchway Gloria Oforiwaa 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the sustainability indicators disclosed by ten British Coffee Association corporate members in their sustainability reporting and examine whether the indicators correspond to the sustainability challenges faced by the coffee industry, as identified in the literature.Design/methodology/approachA normative account of sustainability challenges was developed based on a review of extant literature. A content analysis of the sustainability reports and/or Webpages of the companies was conducted to identify quantitative and qualitative sustainability indicators. Frequency and thematic analysis enabled the subsequent examination.FindingsA total of 94 sustainability indicators (44 environmental, 30 social and 20 economic) were identified in company reporting. The indicators correspond to the sustainability challenges identified in the literature. In addition to broad challenges, indicators are used to communicate specific issues. A significant number (47) of single-use indicators were identified, communicating less frequently reported challenges. Some companies account for sustainability from bean to cup, attributed to crucial differences in organisational characteristics (degree of vertical integration). Furthermore, the findings highlight the discretionary nature of sustainability reporting, finding considerable variance in indicators disclosed.Research limitations/implicationsAs this paper relies on self-reported corporate disclosures, it critically examines the reporting practices of organisations, as opposed to verifying the activities associated with their claims. The authors minimised subjectivity by reducing the interpretation of what constituted “an indicator” using a clearly agreed definition and multiple rounds of coding.Practical implicationsThis paper examines the reporting practices of organisations, providing a useful insight and a competitor benchmark. By comprehensively examining the sustainability challenges faced by the coffee industry, it offers “sustainability context” that can be used by organisations to improve their accounting and reporting practices.Social implicationsThis paper acknowledges and addresses social initiatives that call for the systematic development of practical and appropriate sustainability indicators that can become embedded in policy and decision-making, affecting the measurement of progress and responses to important sustainability challenges.Originality/valueThis paper presents the first systematic review of sustainability indicator disclosure in an industry that faces significant sustainability challenges.
Glosas sobre el riesgo asegurable en el contrato de seguro de vida
Authors: Díaz-Granados Prieto Juan José 
Published: March 2018

<p>Dado que el desarrollo doctrinario del contrato de seguro de vida ha sido escaso hasta el momento, este artículo intenta combatir este fenómeno otorgando herramientas conceptuales sólidas a los operadores de seguros frente a un tema de vital importancia: el riesgo asegurable en el seguro de vida. Es por ello que por medio del presente escrito, el autor hace puntuales reflexiones frente a los temas más relevantes en materia del riesgo amparado por los negocios aseguraticios de este linaje, para de esta manera ofrecer conclusiones que, aparte de estar académicamente fundamentadas (siendo esto lo obvio), tiendan a ofrecer un elemento pragmático que tenga utilidad en el ejercicio profesional. De esta forma, además de los asuntos netamente jurídicos propios del fundamento de las conclusiones (como lo son las clases de riesgos asegurables en el seguro de vida, el alcance de sus conceptos y su naturaleza jurídica) el lector, a lo largo del texto, encontrará glosas relacionadas con hipótesis que no son comúnmente tratadas en el ámbito teórico, pero que a la hora de presentarse en el plano práctico, deben contar con suficientes elementos de juicio para ser resueltas, tal como ocurre con la cobertura de la muerte encefálica o cerebral, con los requisitos de la muerte presunta para ser un evento amparado, con la reaparición del asegurado tanto en seguros de muerte como de sobrevivencia, con el incumplimiento de la obligación de reembolso del beneficiario en caso de reaparición del otrora asegurado y con las consecuencias de la muerte presunta en el seguro de sobrevivencia, entre otros; todas estas situaciones que son analizadas en este texto. </p>
Draft Genome Sequences of Endophytic Isolates of Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae Obtained from the Same Sugarcane Plant
Authors: Reyna-Flores Fernando , Barrios-Camacho Humberto , Dantán-González Edgar , Ramírez-Trujillo José Augusto , Lozano Aguirre Beltrán Luis Fernando , Rodríguez-Medina Nadia , Garza-Ramos Ulises , Suárez-Rodríguez Ramón 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Endophytic
Klebsiella variicola
KvMx2 and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
KpMx1 isolates obtained from the same sugarcane stem were used for whole-genome sequencing. The genomes revealed clear differences in essential genes for plant growth, development, and detoxification, as well as nitrogen fixation, catalases, cellulases, and shared virulence factors described in the
K. pneumoniae
pathogen.
Effect of Acupuncture on the Tlr2/4-Nf-κB Signalling Pathway in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Lin Shu-jun , Cao Lu-xi , Cheng Shao-bing , Dai Qiu-fu , Lin Ji-huan , Pu Liu , Chen Wei-hao , Zhang Yu-juan , Chen Shu-lian , Zhang Yi-min 
Published: March 2018

Objective To study the effect of acupuncture on the TLR2/4-NF-κB signalling pathway in the cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats following traumatic brain injury (TBI), and investigate the possible mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture on scar repair. Methods TBI was established using Feeney's free-falling epidural percussion model. In total, 108 rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=18), untreated TBI model group (TBI group, n=36) and manual acupuncture-treated TBI group (TBI+MA, n=36). Each group of rats was subdivided into three time groups: 3-day (3d), 7-day (7d) and 14-day (14d). No treatment was given to rats in the normal and TBI groups. The TBI+MA group received manual acupuncture at GV20, GV26, GV16 through GV15, and bilateral LI4. mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κB and protein in the rat cortices was quantified using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot analyses. Results The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) scores of the TBI+MA group were improved compared with baseline scores 12 hours after modelling, and improved at 7d and 14d compared with the TBI group (P<0.05), while the score of the TBI group did not improve until 14d compared to baseline. mRNA and protein expression of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB in the TBI group were higher than the normal group at 3d (P<0.05), reached a peak at 7d, then began to decrease at 14d. mRNA and protein expression of TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB were higher in the TBI+MA group compared with the TBI group at 3d (P<0.05), were significantly down-regulated at 7d (P<0.01), and decreased to normal levels at 14d. Conclusions Acupuncture has a bidirectional regulatory effect on the TLR2/4-NF-κB signalling pathway-related genes TLR2, TLR4 and NF-κB in the TBI rat cortex, promoting their expression in the early stage and inhibiting it in the later stage.
Detection of exhaled carbon dioxide following intubation during resuscitation at delivery
Authors: Hunt Katie A , Yamada Yosuke , Murthy Vadivelam , Srihari Bhat Prashanth , Campbell Morag , Fox Grenville F , Milner Anthony D , Greenough Anne 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesEnd tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring can facilitate identification of successful intubation. The aims of this study were to determine the time to detect ETCO2following intubation during resuscitation of infants born prematurely and whether it differed according to maturity at birth or the Apgar scores (as a measure of the infant’s condition after birth).DesignAnalysis of recordings of respiratory function monitoring.SettingTwo tertiary perinatal centres.PatientsSixty-four infants, with median gestational age of 27 (range 23–34)weeks.InterventionsRespiratory function monitoring during resuscitation in the delivery suite.Main outcome measuresThe time following intubation for ETCO2levels to be initially detected and to reach 4 mm Hg and 15 mm Hg.ResultsThe median time for initial detection of ETCO2following intubation was 3.7 (range 0–44) s, which was significantly shorter than the median time for ETCO2to reach 4 mm Hg (5.3 (range 0–727) s) and to reach 15 mm Hg (8.1 (range 0–827) s) (both P<0.001). There were significant correlations between the time for ETCO2to reach 4 mm Hg (r=−0.44, P>0.001) and 15 mm Hg (r=−0.48, P<0.001) and gestational age but not with the Apgar scores.ConclusionsThe time for ETCO2to be detected following intubation in the delivery suite is variable emphasising the importance of using clinical indicators to assess correct endotracheal tube position in addition to ETCO2monitoring. Capnography is likely to detect ETCO2faster than colorimetric devices.
Eleven years of retinopathy of prematurity in one neonatal intensive care unit in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Siswanto J Edy , Widodo Nani H , Sauer Pieter J J 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a well-known complication in preterm infants. Data on the incidence of ROP in Indonesia, in relation to birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA), are limited.ObjectiveTo report the incidence of ROP in one of the oldest and largest neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Indonesia.MethodsWe studied the incidence and severity of ROP in inborn infants with a BW of ≤1500 g and/or GA of ≤32 weeks, who were admitted to the NICU of Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta. In addition, infants with a higher BW and GA, receiving more than 40% oxygen for a longer period, were screened.ResultsIn 2005–2015, 182 infants were born with a BW of <1000 g and 437 with a weight of 1000–1500 g. In the <1000 g group, 27 (46%) of the screened infants showed no ROP, 22 (37%) showed ROP 1–2 and 10 (17%) showed ROP 3–5. In the 1000–1500 g group, 172 (68%) were without ROP, 71 (28%) with ROP 1–2 and nine (4%) with ROP 3–5. Twenty-two (13%) of the 163 screened infants weighing 1500–2000 g showed ROP 1–2 and two (1.2%) had ROP 3–5. Eight (18%) of the 44 screened infants born with a BW of more than 2000 g showed ROP 1–2 and none showed ROP 3–5.ConclusionThe total incidence of ROP as well as severe ROP in infants with a BW of <1000 g and 1000–1500 g in our NICU is higher than in a developed country. ROP in Indonesia is also seen in infants with a BW of 1500–2500 g. Increasing the awareness of the risks of oxygen as well as better equipment to monitor oxygen delivery is essential.
Reliability of anthropometric measurements in children with special needs
Authors: Hardy Jane , Kuter Hayley , Campbell Malcolm , Canoy Dexter 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the reliability of anthropometric and body composition measurements in children with special needs.DesignObservational study.SettingSpecialist support schools (primary and secondary) in Manchester, UK.Participants53 children with moderate-to-severe learning disability; 30 non-standers (14 boys) and 23 standers (15 boys). Mean ages were 11 years (range 3–20) for non-standers and 12.4 years (range 8–19) for standers.MeasuresAnthropometric measures included: height/length, segmental measures, weight, skinfolds, body circumferences and body composition estimated from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). These were measured twice, 2–4 weeks apart.Main outcome measuresReliability was assessed using the technical error of measurement (TEM).ResultsThe TEM for height and supine length was 0.55 cm for standers and 2.47 cm for non-standers, respectively. For non-standers, the TEMs for knee height and tibial length were 0.81 and 1.57 cm, respectively. The TEM for weight was 0.55 kg for standers and 0.75 kg for non-standers. For skinfold thickness, the TEM was smaller for non-standers than standers. The TEM for mid-upper arm circumference for standers and non-standers was 0.91 and 0.82 cm, respectively. The TEM for BIA in standers and non-standers was 34.7 and 54.1 Ω, respectively. Some measurements, including waist circumferences, were difficult to obtain reliably.ConclusionsAnthropometric and body composition measurements were feasible to obtain in children with special needs. However, the reliability of these measures differs between non-standers and standers and should be considered when choosing appropriate measures.
Clinical and biomechanical outcomes of rehabilitation targeting intersegmental control in athletic groin pain: prospective cohort of 205 patients
Authors: King Enda , Franklyn-Miller Andrew , Richter Chris , O’Reilly Eamon , Doolan Mark , Moran Kieran , Strike Siobhan , Falvey Éanna 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundClinical assessments and rehabilitation in athletic groin pain (AGP) have focused on specific anatomical structures and uniplanar impairments rather than whole body movement.ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of rehabilitation that targeted intersegmental control in patients with AGP and to investigate post rehabilitation changes in cutting biomechanics.MethodsTwo hundred and five patients with AGP were rehabilitated focusing on clinical assessment of intersegmental control, linear running and change of direction mechanics in this prospective case series. Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary measures included pain-free return to play rates and times, pain provocation on squeeze tests and three-dimensional (3D) biomechanical analysis during a 110°cutting manoeuvre.ResultsFollowing rehabilitation, patients demonstrated clinically relevant improvements in HAGOS scores (effect size (ES): 0.6–1.7). 73% of patients returned to play pain-free at a mean of 9.9 weeks (±3.5). Squeeze test values also improved (ES: 0.49–0.68). Repeat 3D analysis of the cutting movement demonstrated reductions in ipsilateral trunk side flexion (ES: 0.79) and increased pelvic rotation in the direction of travel (ES: 0.76). Changes to variables associated with improved cutting performance: greater centre of mass translation in the direction of travel relative to centre of pressure (ES: 0.4), reduced knee flexion angle (ES: 0.3) and increased ankle plantar flexor moment (ES: 0.48) were also noted.ConclusionsRehabilitation focused on intersegmental control was associated with improved HAGOS scores, high rates of pain-free return to sporting participation and biomechanical changes associated with improved cutting performance across a range of anatomical diagnoses seen in AGP.
Return to pivoting sport after ACL reconstruction: association with osteoarthritis and knee function at the 15-year follow-up
Authors: Øiestad Britt Elin , Holm Inger , Risberg May Arna 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the associations between return to pivoting sport following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and knee osteoarthritis (OA), and self-reported knee symptoms, function and quality of life after 15 years.MethodsStudy sample included 258 participants with ACLR 15 years previously. Return to pivoting sport (handball, soccer and basketball) data were collected by interviews, and symptomatic OA was defined as Kellgren and Lawrence grade ≥2 plus almost daily knee pain in the last month. Self-reported symptoms, function and quality of life were assessed with the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Adjusted regression models were used to analyse the associations between return to pivoting sport and OA (present or not), and self-reported outcomes. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsTwo hundred and ten (81%) participants (57% men) with a mean age of 39.1 (±8.7) years completed the 15-year follow-up, and 109 (52%) had returned to pivoting sport. Returning to pivoting sport was associated with less symptomatic OA (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.89) and radiographic OA (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.98), adjusted for age, sex, combined injury, self-reported knee function, and time between injury and surgery. Those who returned to pivoting sport had better function in activities of daily living (ADL).ConclusionThe participants with ACLR who returned to pivoting sport had lower odds of knee OA and better self-reported ADL function. Further investigation is required to understand the clinical significance of these findings.
Ability of postoperative delirium to predict intermediate-term postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing elective surgery at an academic medical centre: protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Aranake-Chrisinger Amrita , Cheng Jenny Zhao , Muench Maxwell R , Tang Rose , Mickle Angela , Maybrier Hannah , Lin Nan , Wildes Troy , Lenze Eric , Avidan Michael Simon 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in elderly patients, characterised by a fluctuating course of altered consciousness, disordered thinking and inattention. Preliminary research has linked POD with persistent cognitive impairment and decreased quality of life. However, these findings maybe confounded by patient comorbidities, postoperative complications and frailty. Our objective is to determine whether POD is an independent risk factor for persistent impairments in attention and executive function after elective surgery. Our central hypothesis is that patients with POD are more likely to have declines in cognition and quality of life 1 year after surgery compared with patients without POD. We aim to clarify whether these associations are independent of potentially confounding factors. We will also explore the association between POD and incident dementia.Methods and analysisThis study will recruit 200 patients from the ongoing Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study. Patients who live ≤45 miles from the study centre or have a planned visit to the centre 10–16 months postoperatively will be eligible. Patients with POD, measured by the Confusion Assessment Method, will be compared with patients without delirium. The primary outcome of cognitive function and secondary outcomes of quality of life and incident dementia will be compared between cohorts. Cognition will be measured by Trails A and B and Stroop Color and Word Test, quality of life with Veteran’s RAND 12-item Health Survey and incident dementia with the Short Blessed Test. Multivariable regression analyses and a Cox proportional hazards analysis will be performed. All results will be reported with 95% CIs and α=0.05.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Washington University in St. Louis Institutional Review Board (IRB no 201601099). Plans for dissemination include scientific publications and presentations at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02241655.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment amongst older adults in a rural area of North India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Malhotra Sumit , Vashist Praveen , Kalaivani Mani , Gupta Noopur , Senjam Suraj Singh , Rath Ramashankar , Gupta Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, causes and associated factors for visual impairment (VI) in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana, north India.MethodsA community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in two blocks of Jhajjar district. A total of 34 villages were selected using probability proportionate to size sampling method. Adults aged 50 years and above were selected using compact segment cluster sampling approach. Presenting visual acuity using LogMAR E chart was measured along with collection of other demographic details as part of the house-to-house survey. Subjective refraction and torch light examination were performed at a clinic site within the village to ascertain VI and its cause. VI was considered when presenting visual acuity was less than 6/18 in the better eye. Common causes of VI viz uncorrected refractive errors, cataract, central corneal opacity and others were noted by optometrists. Descriptive analysis was undertaken. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for determining associated factors with VI.ResultsOut of 2025 enumerated adults, 1690 (83.5%) were examined at the household level and 1575 (78%) completed all study procedures. The prevalence of VI was found to be 24.5% (95% CI 21.1 to 26.3) and blindness was 5% (95% CI 3.9 to 6.1). The most common causes of VI were uncorrected refractive errors (50%) and cataract (37%). The VI in study participants was found to be associated with age, gender, marital and educational status.ConclusionsVI is still a public health problem in rural population of Jhajjar district, Haryana. Provision of spectacles and cataract surgical services are simple interventions to address this issue.
Protocol for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of Body Brain Life—General Practice and a Lifestyle Modification Programme to decrease dementia risk exposure in a primary care setting
Authors: Kim Sarang , McMaster Mitchell , Torres Susan , Cox Kay L , Lautenschlager Nicola , Rebok George W , Pond Dimity , D’Este Catherine , McRae Ian , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionIt has been estimated that a 10%–25% reduction in seven key risk factors could potentially prevent 1.1–3.0 million Alzheimer’s disease cases globally. In addition, as dementia is preceded by more subtle cognitive deficits which have substantial social and economic impact, effective preventative interventions would likely have more extensive benefits. The current study evaluates in primary care a multidomain risk-reduction intervention targeting adults with high risk of developing dementia.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial (RCT) is being conducted to evaluate three intervention programmes using a pragmatic approach suitable to the clinic: (1) a 12-week online and face-to-face dementia risk-reduction intervention (Body Brain Life—General Practice (BBL-GP)); (2) a 6-week face-to-face group lifestyle modification programme (LMP); and (3) a 12-week email-only programme providing general health information. We aim to recruit 240 participants, aged 18 and over, to undergo a comprehensive cognitive and physical assessment at baseline and follow-ups (postintervention, 18, 36 and 62 weeks). The primary outcome is dementia risk measured with the modified version of the Australian National University—Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index Short Form. Secondary outcomes are cognitive function measured with Trails A and B, and the Digit Symbol Modalities Test; physical activity with moderate-vigorous physical activity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire; depression with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression; cost evaluation with the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score and Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool; diet quality with the Australian Recommended Food Score; and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.Ethics and disseminationThis RCT is a novel pragmatic intervention applied in a primary care setting to reduce the dementia risk exposure in adults at high risk. If successful, BBL-GP and LMP will provide a versatile, evidence-based package that can be easily and quickly rolled out to other primary care settings and which can be scaled up at relatively low cost compared with other strategies involving intensive interventions.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000868482