bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and density of lobsters in the Brazilian oceanic ecosystem Rocas Atoll
Authors: Gaeta Juliana , Cruz Raúl 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Lobsters are recognizable faunal elements that play an important role as top predator in the trophic webs in benthic ecosystems and have an economic importance due to the intensive and valuable fishery. In Rocas Atoll (03°51′S 33°48′W) the presence of five species of lobsters in low tide pools was observed by visual census. These were: Enoplometopus antillensis Lütken, 1865; Palinurellus gundlachi Von Martens, 1878; Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804); Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869; and Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793). This atoll appears to be dominated by P. echinatus followed by P. argus, P. antarcticus, P. gundlachi and E. antillensis, respectively. We also observed the presence of some potential predators that perhaps feed on lobster species and control these populations in the atoll. This work and future information could help to better understand the variability of lobster diversity and density in this unique atoll.
Winning status of regenerated-clawed males in contests with original-clawed males in Austruca perplexa (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Keeratipattarakarn Kanitta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study determines the winning status of regenerated-clawed males (regenerated males) in contests with original-clawed males (original males) in Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852), and how they deal with original opponents. We observed that the numbers of regenerated and original winners were not different. The regenerated contestants, who were either burrow owners, or larger than their opponents, or avoided escalated contests (claw-interlock/fling), had the same chance of winning in comparison to their original opponents, and had a higher winning chance than regenerated contestants, who were either intruders, or smaller than their opponents, or did engage in escalated contests. Regenerated intruders tended to challenge opposite-handed opponents for avoiding claw-interlock (the risk of injury is high during claw-interlock), because claw-interlock is mechanically difficult between opposite-handed contestants. This study shows that regenerated contestants, who are either residents, or larger than opponents, or avoid fighting escalation, are able to compensate for the detrimental effect of regenerated claws during contests.
“In an Unbounded Way”
Authors: Benjamin Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The project of this paper is present a specific engagement with Kant’s account of genius in the Critique of the Power of Judgment. Genius is a theory of production. Moreover, once genius is linked to production (and not to a personified agent) the philosophical moves way from the centrality of both the given and the subject and thus towards the produced. Such a possibility locates Kant’s engagement with genius at the threshold between aesthetics and a philosophy of art. The latter only emerges when centrality is attributed to the object: the object as the locus of presentation. This necessitates a move beyond the cognitive. Kant on genius is therefore at that threshold, on the other side of which is Hegel.
Cages and Crises: A Marxist Analysis of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Jay Mark 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Since the mid-1960s, the carceral population in the US has increased around 900%. This article analyses that increase from a Marxist framework. After interrogating the theories of Michelle Alexander and Loïc Wacquant, I lay out a theoretical framework for a Marxist theory of mass incarceration. I then offer a historical analysis of mass incarceration in keeping with this theoretical framework, emphasising the carceral system’s relationship to the class struggle and the large-scale economic dislocations of post-Fordism. Finally, I emphasise how private prison companies, increasingly central to the story of mass incarceration, are influencing current efforts to reform the prison system and shift to ‘alternatives to incarceration’.
Concatenation in Ancient Near East Literature, Hebrew Scripture and Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Yona Shamir , Pasternak Ariel Ram 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper follows the development of concatenation from its early use in Ancient Near Eastern literature through its use in the Hebrew Bible, in Hebrew Ben-Sira, and ultimately in Rabbinic literature. We demonstrate that the Rabbis adopted this rhetorical pattern for stylistic purposes and also used it as an editing device. The latter use of the rhetorical device in question is only rarely attested in the Hebrew Bible.
Two Medieval Necromantic Practices: Maimonides versus Nachmanides and R. Joseph Albo concerning Ob and Yidoni
Authors: Shemesh Abraham Ofir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Medieval literature documents two main commentaries on the biblical terms ob and yedoni. Maimonides claims that these are separate necromantic practices. This is based on rabbinic descriptions, but he adds the use of incense and holding a myrtle branch. This was carried out to contact the deceased or for ecstatic goals, namely, to heighten the fervidness of the magician. Nachmanides and Joseph Albo introduce independent traditions that originate from Spain. Ob and yedoni, they say, are a single necromantic practice, performed in a cemetery or church. It entails a woman (ob) and a man (yedoni), because they have different talents of mediumship. Nachmanides claims that using clappers during funerals is a relic of the ceremony of mediumship. But the historical reasons for using clappers during funerals are different.
Enlarging the Negotiation Table with Business Sector Actors: Who, How and with What Effect?
Authors: Cuhadar C. Esra 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article examines the inclusion of business sector actors in peace and political transition negotiations. Looking across twenty-two cases, this study examines who has been included as business sector representatives in these negotiations and through which inclusion modalities. The study finds that business sector actors were included primarily through consultation modalities in officially mandated meetings running parallel to negotiations, informal consultations, or as part of public consultations. Second most common is direct representation of business sector actors at the negotiation table. Less common is business sector inclusion in high-level track one-and-a-half workshops and inclusive commissions. The article then focuses on the impact of business actors on negotiations. Four cases of business inclusion are discussed in detail – Somalia, Kenya, Guatemala and El Salvador – comparing and contrasting supportive and obstructive examples.
Producing Precariousness: ‘Safety Elsewhere’ and the Removal of International Protection Status under EU Law
Authors: Neylon Anne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article examines recent trends in EU refugee law. It argues that within the EU there is a complex and technical set of rules and procedures that maintain the refugee in a position where protection can be easily denied or revoked. Engaging with the work of Judith Butler, I argue that this constant threat of removal exists on a ‘continuum of precariousness’. Mapping a number of EU legal practices, I argue that the EU has expanded this precariousness in order to manage the movement of people, transforming laws, which were ostensibly for the protection of persecuted people, into a form of post hoc immigration control. I track how this process is deeply rooted in bureaucratic practices, which construct place, space and attachment through the law.
Does the Right to Migration Security Already Exist? Considerations from the Perspective of the EU’s Legal System
Authors: Kosińska Anna Magdalena , Mikołajczyk Barbara 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this article is to attempt constructing a conceptual framework and define the right to migration security and include it in the Europe-wide discourse on the migration crisis. In the adopted approach, the right to migration security is a third-generation right, i.e. a solidarity right in the doctrine of human rights. This right protects primarily the receiving society against the threats resulting from migration flows. On the other hand, non-voluntary immigrants have the right to seek protection in a secure way. The study analyses the range of the right to security in the context of human security and points out the necessity of ensuring the security of migration processes, which poses a special challenge to the international system of human rights. The authors also focus on highlighting the strengths of third-generation rights as a remedy to the problems faced by the international community. Finally, the authors propose to include the right to migration security in the EU’s system for the protection of fundamental rights and the guarantees functioning within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.
Where Next After Coman?
Authors: Spalding Amanda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article considers the impact of the recent judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in Case C-673/16 Coman and Others in which same-sex marriages where found to fall under the definition of ‘spouse’ in the Citizenship Directive. In light of recent societal and case law developments in Europe it is possible that Coman may come to be an important foundational case which will form part of the groundwork for the CJEU to advance the rights of unmarried couples in the EU migration context. This article examines the current position of unmarried couples (including registered or civil partners) under EU migration legislation as well as recent developments under the European Convention of Human Rights to argue that there are clear indications that EU migration laws need to be adapted to better suit a wider range of relationships than marriage.
Local Safety: An Analysis of Minor Offences in the Largest Slovenian Cities – A Case Study on Ljubljana and Maribor
Authors: Tičar Bojan 
Published: March 2019

In accordance with the regulations in force in Slovenia, a minor offence is an act that entails a violation of a law, a Government decree, or an ordinance of a self-governing local community that is determined to constitute a minor offence and for which a sanction is prescribed.
In the Slovenian legal order, minor offence law consists of a general part (i.e. general provisions) and a specific part (i.e. provisions on individual minor offences). While the provisions on individual minor offences are scattered over numerous laws and executive regulations containing descriptions of individual minor offences, the general provisions are provided in one law, i.e. the Minor Offences Act. The Minor Offences Act is a systemic act that determines the general conditions for determining individual minor offences and prescribes sanctions for such, the general conditions as to accountability for committing a minor offence, the general conditions for imposing and enforcing sanctions for minor offences, minor offence proceedings, and the bodies and courts that decide in such proceedings.
The contribution focuses on the issue of how sanctions for minor offences are imposed in large Slovenian towns (i.e. urban municipalities). In order to ascertain actual revenue from fines imposed for minor offences at the local level, the annual reports on the operations of the municipal warden service and the inspection service of the two largest municipalities in Slovenia, i.e. the Urban Municipality of Ljubljana and the Urban Municipality of Maribor, were analysed.
Data that could answer the question of whether municipalities impose sanctions for minor offences for safety and security reasons, which is the ratio legis of minor offence regulations, or primarily for fiscal reasons in order to strengthen municipal budgets, are also analysed. If the examples reviewed demonstrate that the latter reason is in the foreground, the legitimacy and legality of the extent to which sanctions are imposed are questionable.
The primary focus of the analysis is sanctions imposed at the municipal level for minor offences violating public order and traffic regulations.
Fundamental Breach of Contract in Terms of the UN Sales Convention and Emirates Law: A Comparative Legal Study
Authors: Fayyad Mahmoud 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The UAE launched its National Vision 2021 in 2010, which ‘sets the key themes for the socio-economic development of the UAE’ and calls for ‘a shift to a diversified and knowledge-based economy’. It focuses on the UAE becoming the economic and commercial capital for more than two billion people by transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. The success of the vision requires the State to join the United National Convention of Trade in Goods, which is the most important convention in this field. Until now, the national lawmaker has refrained from joining the Convention, believing that the Convention prevails to the interests of the seller party. As fundamental breach is a momentous concept of the terms of the Convention, this article will attempt to draw similarities and distinctions between national law and the United Nations Convention for the International Sales of Goods (CISG) in terms of the principle of fundamental breach.
Non sum Oedipus, sed Morus
Authors: Bacchi Elisa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article aims to investigate the representative strategies of Moriae Encomium by taking into account the link between Erasmus’ Moria and Thomas More’s portrait as it emerges both from the Encomium Moriae and from the Utopia. Specifically, I will focus on the crucial role of Erasmus’ concept of omnium horarum homo as an ethical and aesthetic model applied to the definition of More’s nature. This approach, which explores the intertextual construction of Morus-Moria’s identity, shall allow me to stress the relevance of the metaphor of mundane masking in Erasmus’ Encomium and More’s Utopia. By considering Erasmus and More’s paradoxical combination of Plato, Cicero and Lucian of Samosata, I will show how the image of the world theatre becomes the symbol of Erasmus’ philosophia civilior based on the rhetorical and moral idea of decorum.
A note on Contextual Blindness as extended to only
Authors: Pistoia-Reda Salvatore 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the Contextual Blindness principle as extended to the exclusive operator only. It focuses on the interaction between only and alternatives derived from a special category of contextual orders, generally referred to as “rank orders”. It submits problematic evidence for the principle and argues that access to contextual information is required in the relevant cases. Its conclusion is that, as things stand, these cases constitute an obstacle to the semantic generalization of scalar reasoning involving only.
1667 – A Threshold Year? Debating the ‘Breakthrough of the Modern Age’ in Muscovite Russia
Authors: Troebst Stefan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article of 1995, which had been translated into Russian already in 2013, the German Historian Stefan Troebst studied the question of the « breakthrough of the modern age » in Russia, usually attributed to tsar Peter I « the Great », suspecting that the new Era had in fact begun earlier, in the XVIIth century. After a theoretical reflexion about periodization in history, and its application to the history of Russia, he demonstrates that the « threshold year » takes place in 1667, examining this theory from different points of view: state and institutions, international relations, economical policy, religion, culture and fine arts. But this modernization has also caused violent revolts and oppositions during the reign of tsar Alexis Mikhailovitch.
Prendre part au commerce vers l’Asie ? La route russe nordique de la soie (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Demont Vincent 
Published: March 2019

Résumé
L’exploitation de nouvelles sources permet une recontextualisation des tentatives visant, au XVIIe siècle, à ouvrir une route de la soie russe, et principalement des projets de Frédéric III de Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. L’article montre que ces projets, en dépit de leur caractère chimérique, s’inscrivaient dans les réseaux du commerce nord-ouest-européen vers la Russie, mais aussi qu’ils jouaient un rôle dans les évolutions de ceux-ci. Cela souligne la pertinence d’ambitions commerciales extra-européennes comme objet d’histoire européenne.
La Russie et l’Europe. Une histoire d’intégration régionale sur le temps long
Authors: Richard Yann 
Published: March 2019

Résumé
La Russie participe à la régionalisation du monde et à l’intégration régionale en Europe. Pendant des siècles, elle a construit une réalité territoriale impé-riale, tout en entretenant des relations fortes avec l’Europe. Dans cet article, on montre que la problématique de l’intégration régionale appliquée à la Russie renvoie ainsi à deux espaces de référence – l’Europe et l’empire – qui renvoient eux-mêmes à problématiques différentes. On montre égale-ment que l’histoire et la géographie, à l’instar d’autres disciplines, permet-tent d’explorer ces problématiques.
Uriel Weinreich: Builder on Empirical Foundations
Authors: Labov William 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article, William Labov offers a personal take on the scholarly accomplishments and advising style of Uriel Weinreich, his mentor and later his colleague as well. He also draws on letters he and Weinreich exchanged in the mid-1960s, and he documents aspects of the collaboration that resulted in Weinreich’s most lasting contribution to the study of language change, the 1968 Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog paper (U. Weinreich, W. Labov, and M.I. Herzog. “Empirical Foundations for a Theory of Language Change,” in Directions for Historical Linguistics, eds. W.P. Lehmann and Y. Malkiel. Austin: University of Texas Press, 95–195).
Seeing through the Concept of World Literature
Authors: McDonald Peter D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Less concerned with the concept of World Literature than with the promise and perils of conceptualization, this essay considers what experiencing some forms of writing as world literature might involve. Using J.M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country (1977) as an illustrative example, it addresses questions of circulation, translation, writing systems, book history, and literary geography in the context of recent academic debates about world literary studies. It concludes by revisiting Rabindranath Tagore’s landmark 1907 essay “World Literature,” arguing that it remains an indispensable guide to experiential reading and anti-conceptual thinking.
A Novel Parameterization of Snow Albedo Based on a Two-Layer Snow Model with a Mixture of Grain Habits
Authors: Saito Masanori , Yang Ping , Loeb Norman G. , Kato Seiji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSnow albedo plays a critical role in the surface energy budget in snow-covered regions and is subject to large uncertainty due to variable physical and optical characteristics of snow. We develop an optically and microphysically consistent snow grain habit mixture (SGHM) model, aiming at an improved representation of bulk snow properties in conjunction with considering the particle size distribution, particle shape, and internally mixed black carbon (BC). Spectral snow albedos computed with two snow layers with the SGHM model implemented in an adding–doubling radiative transfer model agree with observations. Top-snow-layer optical properties essentially determine spectral snow albedo when the top-layer snow water equivalent (SWE) is large. When the top-layer SWE is less than 1 mm, the second-snow-layer optical properties have nonnegligible impacts on the albedo of the snow surface. Snow albedo enhancement with increasing solar zenith angle (SZA) largely depends on snow particle effective radius and also internally mixed BC. Based on the SGHM model and various sensitivity studies, single- and two-layer snow albedos are parameterized for six spectral bands used in NASA Langley Research Center’s modified Fu–Liou broadband radiative transfer model. Parameterized albedo is expressed as a function of snow particle effective radii of the two layers, SWE in the top layer, internally mixed BC mass fraction in both layers, and SZA. Both single-layer and two-layer parameterizations provide band-mean snow albedo consistent with rigorous calculations, achieving correlation coefficients close to 0.99 for all bands.
Malay Archipelago Forest Loss to Cash Crops and Urban Expansion Contributes to Weaken the Asian Summer Monsoon: An Atmospheric Modeling Study
Authors: Huang Shihming , Oey Leo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the Malay Archipelago (Indonesia and Malaysia), forest is lost on large scales to cash-crop plantation (oil palm, rubber, and acacia, including fallow lands) and urban expansion. Deforestation changes land surface properties and fluxes, thereby modifying wind and rainfall. Despite the expansive land-cover change over a climatically sensitive region of the tropics, the resulting impact on the Asian summer monsoon has not been studied. Here we study the atmospheric response caused by the island surface change due to deforestation into cash-crop plantations and urban expansion. Using a large ensemble of atmospheric model experiments with observed and idealized land-cover-change specifications, we show that the deforestation warms the Malay Archipelago, caused by an increase in soil warming due to decreased evapotranspirative cooling. The island warming agrees well with in situ and satellite observations; it causes moisture to converge from the surrounding seas into Sumatra and Malaya, and updrafts, rainfall, and cyclonic circulations to spread northwestward into southern India and the Arabian Sea, as well as a drying anticyclonic circulation over the Indo-Gangetic plains, Indochina, and the South China Sea, weakening the Asian summer monsoon. The modeled monsoon weakening agrees well with, and tends to enhance, the observed long-term trend, suggesting the potential for continued weakening with protracted cash-crop plantation and urban expansion.
Identifying community-dwelling older adults’ vision loss during mobility assessments: A scoping review
Authors: Petty Linda S. , Foster Julia E. G. , Rigby Patty 
Published: March 2019

Background. Co-occurring mobility issues and vision loss are prevalent in older adults. Vision loss can cause ambulation difficulties and falls. Community-dwelling older adults frequently require mobility-aids assessment by occupational therapists. However, therapists often lack access to medical documentation on vision or training in vision assessment to ensure that clients have adequate vision for safe mobility-aid use. Purpose. This study aimed to identify screening and assessment approaches to identify functional vision loss to guide mobility-aid prescription. Method. A scoping review following Arksey and O’Malley’s five stages was undertaken using Medline and CINAHL databases. A data-charting form was used for extraction of information about each article, including the population, vision diagnosis, and the methodology for vision screening. The data regarding vision loss and mobility of older adults were summarized for each article. Findings. Twenty-three papers were included in the study, describing screening questions and questionnaires or assessment tools to screen for vision loss in community settings. Implications. The various tools identified can better prepare therapists to prescribe mobility aids appropriate for seniors’ level of functional vision and to refer clients for further assessment and intervention if warranted.