bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and Straightforward Synthesis of Porous Ionosilica for Efficient Chromate Adsorption
Authors: Sauvanier David , Li W. S. Jennifer , Ferlin Nadège , Lacroix‐Desmazes Patrick , Prelot Bénédicte , Hesemann Peter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe report a very simple synthesis strategy for the formation of moderately porous ionosilica materials containing ammonium groups. We synthesized an ionosilica xerogel and an ionosilica aerogel, either via conventional or supercritical work‐up. The synthesis scheme of both precursor and ionosilica materials could easily be up‐scaled to a 100 g scale. All syntheses and work‐up procedures are sustainable as no additional agent and very low quantities of solvents were used, and no additional purifications steps were necessary. Although both materials show excellent anion exchange properties for chromate adsorption, noticeable differences were found regarding the thermodynamics of the exchange process. We attribute these differences to different surface chemistries of the materials, induced by the different work‐up procedures. Due to the easy availability of high quantities of material, ionosilicas can be implemented as functional ion exchange materials in larger scale processes, thus opening new fields of applications.
Solvent Directed Synthesis of Molecular Cage and Metal Organic Framework of Copper(II) Paddlewheel Cluster
Authors: Howlader Prodip , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA solvothermal reaction of a clip‐type dicarboxylic acid H2DCA [3,3′‐((5‐nitroisophthaloyl)bis(azanediyl))‐dibenzoic acid] and Cu(NO3)2 in equimolar ratio in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielded MOF(CuCG1) which was formed by interlinking [4+2] self‐assembled polyhedral cages via coordination between amide moiety present in the linker and the axial position of copper paddlewheel Cu2(CO2)4. Upon a change in the solvent from DMF to DMA [dimethylacetamide] the interlinking among the polyhedra was successfully terminated to get single crystals of a discrete coordination cage with DMA bound to axial position of Cu(II) (CuCG2). Similar termination of the interlinking was also achieved by a fast crystallization process to get discrete architecture CuCG1.
Hypoxia‐induced ARHGAP26 deficiency inhibits the proliferation and migration of human ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cell through activating RhoA‐ROCK‐PTEN pathway
Authors: Li Minghui , Ye Lincai , Ye Xiuxia , Wang Shoubao , Zhang Haibo , Liu Jinfen , Hong Haifa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Rho family plays crucial roles in O2‐induced vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, and migration. Rho GTPase‐activating protein 26 (ARHGAP26) is a GTPase‐activating protein for the small GTPases of the Rho family. Our previous studies have demonstrated that ARHGAP26 expression was significantly downregulated in patent human ductus arteriosus (DA) tissue. However, its role underlying the maintenance of DA patency is unclear. In this study, patent (fetal) and constricted (newborn) mouse DA tissues were harvested to confirm the differences in the levels of expression of ARHGAP26. Human DA smooth muscle cells (DASMCs) were isolated and cultured in vitro and used to test the function of ARHGAP26. The expression of ARHGAP26 was significantly lower in patent (fetal) than constricted (newborn) mouse DA. ARHGAP26‐knocked‐down human DASMCs showed reduced proliferation and migration, which are both crucial to anatomic closure of DA. Moreover, after culturing under hypoxic conditions, the expression of ARHGAP26 in human DASMCs was significantly lower and hypoxia‐induced ARHGAP26 deficiency activated the phosphorylation level of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in DASMCs by mediating the activity of RhoA and RhoA‐associated kinase 1 (ROCK1). Use of Y27632, an inhibitor of ROCK which further reduces the phospholipid activity of PTEN can reverse the inhibitory effect of PTEN on the proliferation and migration of human DASMCs. This provides insight into the molecular regulation of the RhoA‐ROCK‐PTEN pathway in DA smooth muscle cells, which may be a suitable therapeutic target or diagnostic biomarker for perinatal DA tone management.
Knockdown of SLC34A2 inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and elevates chemosensitivity in glioma
Authors: Bao Zhijun , Chen Lihua , Guo Shiwen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSolute carrier 34 A2 (SLC34A2) is a member of SLC34 family that is a group of phosphate transporters. SLC34A2 has been reported to play critical roles in tumorigenesis and progression. However, the researches about the biological roles of SLC34A2 in glioma have not yet been reported. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns of SLC34A2 in clinical glioma tumor tissues and cell lines. The results demonstrated that SLC34A2 was generally overexpressed in both glioma tissues and cell lines. To further investigate the roles of SLC34A2 in glioma, lentivirus containing specific SLC34A2 short hairpin RNA (sh‐SLC34A2) was used to infect glioma cell lines U251 and U87 for the knockdown of SLC34A2. The following studies proved that SLC34A2 knockdown exhibited suppressive effects on cell proliferation and migration/invasion. SLC34A2 knockdown also inhibited epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, as evidenced by the increased E‐cadherin expression, and the decreased N‐cadherin and fibronectin expressions. Besides, knockdown of SLC34A2 enhanced the temozolomide (TMZ) sensitivity of U251 and U87 cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assay demonstrated that SLC34A2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, SLC34A2 knockdown suppressed the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in U87 cells. GW2974 (EGFR inhibitor) increased SLC34A2 knockdown‐inhibited cell proliferation, migration/invasion, as well as enhanced SLC34A2 knockdown‐increased the TMZ sensitivity of glioma cells. These findings suggested that SLC34A2 might be a new potential therapeutic target for the therapy of glioma patients.
Informal caregiving experiences in posttraumatic stress disorder: A content analysis of an online community
Authors: Ferrell Emily L. , Russin Sarah E. , Hardy Rachel M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study explored the experiences of individuals who self‐identify as providing support to a friend, family member, or significant other with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We analyzed and coded a total of 345 posts from an online support forum, with reference to 13 categories (finances, life interference, venting/emotional expression, maltreatment, sexual behavior, distress, prevented expression, physical health, communication, no personal space, isolation, and compassion fatigue). Categories for coding were established a priori and based on previous literature about caregiving and supporting. Results suggested that informal PTSD caregivers experience concerns involving interpersonal relations, emotional turmoil, and barriers to care for themselves and the individual they are caring for. This study provides a preliminary examination of the experiences and concerns of PTSD caregivers. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Development of a liver‐specific Tet‐off AAV8 vector for improved safety of insulin gene therapy for diabetes
Authors: Gan Shu Uin , Fu Zhenying , Sia Kian Chuan , Kon Oi Lian , Calne Roy , Lee Kok Onn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is caused by a partial or complete lack of insulin production in the body. We have previously shown that a single injection of an adeno‐associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) vector carrying a modified and codon optimized human insulin gene induced hepatic production of insulin and corrected streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes in mice for more than 1 year. Insulin production was constitutive, analogous to long‐acting insulin therapy.MethodsWe have developed a single AAV8 vector with a Tet‐Off regulatable system as a safety mechanism to turn off insulin secretion should hypoglycaemia develop in vector‐treated diabetic mice. We first transfected HepG2 cells or freshly isolated rat hepatocytes in vitro with the Tet‐Off system (pAAV‐Tetoffbidir‐Alb‐luc) regulating a luciferase reporter gene. We subsequently incorporated a furin‐cleavable codon‐optimised human proinsulin cDNA into pAAV‐Tetoffbidir backbone to form the doxycycline inducible pAAV‐Tetoffbidir‐Alb‐hINSco.ResultsUsing STZ‐induced diabetic mice, we were able to switch off insulin secretion repeatedly with doxycycline administration, and showed full restoration of insulin secretion on withdrawing doxycycline.ConclusionsThe present study provides proof of concept that, under circumstances when inappropriate basal insulin secretion is a safety concern, insulin secretion from AAV8 gene therapy can be turned off reversibly with doxycycline.
Genital morphology associated with mating strategy in the polymorphic lizard, Uta stansburiana
Authors: Gilman Casey A. , Corl Ammon , Sinervo Barry , Irschick Duncan J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSexual selection can lead to rapid evolution of sexual traits and striking morphological diversity across taxa. In populations where competition for mates is intense, males sometimes evolve distinct behavioral strategies along with morphological differences that help them secure mating opportunities. Strong postcopulatory selection and differential resource allocation across male strategy type can result in strategy‐specific differences in sexual traits, such as sperm morphology, ejaculate components, and testis size. Some polymorphic species also have strategy‐specific genital morphology. Thus far, among vertebrates, this has only been observed in fish. Here, we present the first morphological description of the intromittant copulatory organ, the hemipenis, of the three mating types of the side‐blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana, from a population that exhibits alternative mating strategies. We found that the isometrically scaling hemipenis was shortest in the nonterritorial (yellow) morph that sneaks copulations with other males' mates. Although the hemipenes were generally the same shape across morphs, the usurping territorial (orange) morph had a significantly wider apical horn than the nonterritorial sneaker morph. Sneaker males also had smaller relative body masses than both the mate‐guarding (blue) morph and the usurper morph, and shorter tibia than the usurper morph. This study using a small sample of males suggests that strong sexual selection may drive genital trait differentiation across morphs within populations of terrestrial vertebrates.
Activation of hedgehog signaling by systemic agonist improves fracture healing in aged mice
Authors: McKenzie Jennifer A. , Maschhoff Clayton , Liu Xiaochen , Migotsky Nicole , Silva Matthew J. , Gardner Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFracture healing is a complex process of many coordinated biological pathways. This system can go awry resulting in nonunion, which leads to significant patient morbidity. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is upregulated in fracture healing. We hypothesized that the Hh signaling pathway can be pharmacologically modulated to positively affect fracture healing. Diaphyseal femur fractures were created in elderly mice (18 months, C57BL/6 females), which have a blunted and delayed healing response compared to younger mice, and were stabilized with intramedullary pins. To activate the Hh pathway we targeted the receptor Smoothened using an agonist (Hh‐Ag1.5 [Hh‐Ag]) and compared this to a vehicle control. Expression of Hh target genes were significantly increased in the fracture callus of the agonist group compared to controls, indicating pathway activation. Expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic‐related genes was greatly upregulated in fracture callus versus intact femora, although Hh agonist treatment did not consistently enhance this response. Blindly graded, radiographic callus healing scores were significantly higher in the Hh‐Ag groups at post operative day (POD) 14, indicating earlier callus bridging. On microCT, Hh‐Ag treatment led to greater callus volume (+40%) and bone volume (+25%) at POD21. By day 14, callus vascularity, as assessed by 3D microCT angiography vessel volume, was 85% greater in the Hh‐Ag group. Finally, mechanical strength of the calluses in the Hh‐Ag groups was significantly greater than in the control groups at POD21. In conclusion, systemic administration of a Hh agonist appears to improve the osseous and vascular healing responses in a mouse fracture healing‐impaired model. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
The Raman spectra of the Na2SO4‐K2SO4 system: Applicability to soluble salts studies in built heritage
Authors: Prieto‐Taboada Nagore , Fdez‐Ortiz de Vallejuelo Silvia , Veneranda Marco , Lama Estibaliz , Castro Kepa , Arana Gorka , Larrañaga Aitor , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Raman spectra of the Na2SO4‐K2SO4‐H2O system are not well‐defined in the literature. Specifically, the proper identification of sodium and potassium sulphate (aphthitalite or glaserite, K3Na(SO4)2) and anhydrous sodium sulphate (thenardite, Na2SO4) is particularly problematic because their vibrational profiles present the same main Raman peak at 993 cm−1 and very similar low frequency bands. As proved in bibliography, the similarity of their spectra can often lead to uncertain or erroneous identifications. Considering that aphthitalite and thenardite can be found as degradation products on built heritage materials and the degree of danger associated to them is not the same, being the second one the most harmful, the resolution of this problem has a critical importance. For this reason, in the present work, the Raman spectra of aphthitalite and thenardite are deeply studied to identify the vibrational fingerprints enabling their correct identification. The results here summarized and provided by two different Raman instruments highlight that the spectrum of aphthitalite displays characteristic bands at 1,084 and 1,202 cm−1. In contrast, the bands at 1,100, 1,129, and 1,152 cm−1 seem to be characteristic of thenardite. Furthermore, when those secondary bands are not observed or mixtures of both compounds are present, the ratio between their most intense bands at 452 and 993 cm−1 is the key for their correct characterization. On the whole, this study fills the gaps observed in literature and gives the solution for the correct identification of aphthitalite and thenardite even when secondary bands are not observed.
Characterizing chemical composition of polyolefin‐based copolymers from spectral features in the C―H stretching region
Authors: Tomba J. Pablo , Silva Leonel I. , García Genga Melisa , Barrera Galland Griselda , Perez C. Javier 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe comonomer content of a series of commercial ethylene–octene (Engage®, Infuse®), ethylene–butene (Engage), and ethylene–propylene (Versify®, Nordel®) copolymers is investigated using the Raman spectroscopy. The analysis relies upon the different content of methyl, methylene, and methine groups of each copolymer and focuses on the spectral features of the C―H stretching region. Raman spectra of a series of molecules with well‐defined content of methyl, methylene, and methine groups (alkanes and well‐defined polymer chains) are first addressed to rationalize the complex spectral features arising from different stretching modes, their Fermi resonance, and the different molecular conformations. Results are interpreted on the base of recent work on the topic. A curve‐fitting procedure is proposed to resolve contributions arising from CH2 and CH3 groups. The sum of intensity of bands at 2,855 and 2,865 cm−1 (symmetric C―H stretching and Fermi resonance) correlates linearly with CH2 content whereas that at 2,880 cm−1 (symmetric C―H stretching) does with CH3 content. With that base, Raman spectra of ethylene‐based copolymers are analyzed to quantify comonomer content. Results are compared with independent results from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis with good agreement between the methods. Overall, it highlights the importance of Raman spectroscopy as versatile tool for process monitoring, quality control, or sample identification not only at academics but also in industrial environments.
Ankle and Foot Ultrasound: Reliability of Side‐to‐Side Comparison of Small Anatomic Structures
Authors: Rossi Federica , Zaottini Federico , Picasso Riccardo , Martinoli Carlo , Tagliafico Alberto Stefano 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesIn sonography of clinically relevant small structures of the ankle and foot, the healthy contralateral side can be used as a reference to identify subtle abnormalities. Intrasubject side‐to‐side variability must be minimal. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of side‐to‐side sonographic evaluation of small structures of the ankle and foot.MethodsThirty healthy volunteers were prospectively studied. Small structures of the ankle and foot were evaluated bilaterally by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists in separate sessions. The deep peroneal nerve, superior extensor retinacula, calcaneofibular ligament, superior peroneal retinacula, tibialis posterior tendon, tibial nerve, Achilles tendon, plantaris tendon, plantar fascia, and sural nerve were considered. To assess intra‐ and interreader agreements, 30 (100%) examinations were repeated. A nonparametric statistic was used.ResultsData were not normally distributed (P > .001). Intrareader agreement was k = 0.67 (95% confidence interval, 0.57–0.78) and interreader agreement was k = 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–0.77). The mean values and standard deviation for all the structures were 0.36 ± 1.85 mm. The overall coefficient of variation was 18.5%. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–0.94).ConclusionsIn ankle and foot sonography, the healthy contralateral side can be used as a reference during a real‐time musculoskeletal ultrasound evaluation of small structures.
Modiolar rotational cheiloplasty: Addressing the central oval in facial paralysis
Authors: Vincent Aurora G. , Hohman Marc H. , Moe Kris S. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisCurrent static reanimation of the midface fails to provide adequate functional and aesthetic improvement; there is a need for more effective static correction of the ptotic midface. Our objective herein was to describe a novel method of static midface suspension that produces improved functional and aesthetic outcomes compared to previous techniques. Specifically, our goal was to describe the technique of alar and oral commissure repositioning via modiolar rotational cheiloplasty with alar base transposition, and gingivobuccal sulcoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the results of a series of adult patients desiring surgical intervention for paralysis of the central oval of the face at a tertiary care referral center. We present our technique of modiolar rotational cheiloplasty first with an example case, including subjective outcomes reported by the patient and objective improvements in facial appearance using Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation Program (MEEI FACE‐Gram) software, then demonstrate long‐term outcomes from the series.ResultsClinically, patients noted subjective improvement in drooling, buccal stasis of food, dysarthria, nasal obstruction, and overall appearance. Patients with significant atrophy and lateral displacement of the lower lip underwent concomitant wedge resection, which further improved the symmetry and position of the lips. The MEEI FACE‐Gram software demonstrated objective improvement in symmetry of smile and position of the philtrum and nasal base in an example case.ConclusionsModiolar rotational cheiloplasty with alar base transposition is an effective and efficient static procedure for midface palsy that improves both function and appearance.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2262–2268, 2019
Wideband tympanometry and absorbance measurements in otosclerotic ears
Authors: Niemczyk Elżbieta , Lachowska Magdalena , Tataj Emanuel , Kurczak Katarzyna , Niemczyk Kazimierz 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess absorbance using a thorough analysis of individual points of its plot in ears with intraoperatively confirmed otosclerosis. To the best of our knowledge, until recently no analyses have been performed that concerned the shape of an absorbance plot and a detailed analysis of its individual points. This study is the first to undertake such an issue.MethodsA total of 77 otosclerotic ears were included in the study. Pure tone audiometry, low frequency tympanometry, and wide band tympanometry including absorbance were performed preoperatively. The average patients’ age in the group was 43.49 years (standard deviation = 10.44). Individual points of absorbance plot were thoroughly analyzed. Parameters were analyzed, such as resonance frequency; number of peaks; maximum absorbance (Height); and plot Width at the following Heights: 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 (Width1/3, Width1/2, Width2/3, respectively), as well as associated absorbance parameters and frequencies.ResultsData analysis revealed five different types of absorbance plots. Numerous statistically significant differences regarding the parameters of individual points of the plots were found among the distinguished types.ConclusionsThere are five types of absorbance plots in otosclerotic ears: type I, characterized by two distinct peaks, closely resembling normal ear absorbance plot; type II with a single distinct peak reaching high values of absorbance; type III with reduced absorbance for frequencies <2000 Hz; type IV with reduced absorbance for all frequencies; and type V with reduced absorbance for frequencies >2000 Hz. Absorbance measurements may play an important role in the diagnostics of otosclerosis; however, further research is necessary in this area.Levels of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:E365–E376, 2019
Pediatric emergency department visits for uncontrolled pain in postoperative adenotonsillectomy patients
Authors: Billings Kathleen R. , Manworren Renee C.B. , Lavin Jennifer , Stake Christine , Hebal Ferdynand , Leon Astrid H. , Barsness Katherine 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveIdentify demographic variables related to emergency department (ED) returns, and analgesic administration in the ED for postoperative pain after adenotonsillectomy (T&A).Study DesignPediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database analysis.MethodsForty‐seven children's hospitals included in the PHIS database were queried for all ED visits within 30 days of surgery with a diagnosis of acute postoperative pain (n = 2459) from 2014 to 2015. The subset of postoperative T&A patients (n = 861) was further analyzed for variables associated with return, and for pain management strategies, specifically opioids, employed by the ED.ResultsOf the 2459 pediatric patients returning to the ED for acute postoperative pain, the largest subset included T&A patients (n = 861, 35%). Patients were seen an average of 4 days (SD 2.4) after their surgery. ED administration of opioids was not associated with gender, race, surgical diagnosis, or ethnicity. The rate of opioid administration by the ED increased with advancing age of the children analyzed (P = .01). The incidence was also higher for those with commercial versus Medicaid insurance carriers. A total of 204 (23.7%) patients received opioids while in the ED, 439 (51%) received both opioids and non‐opioids, and only 51 (5.9%) received no pain medication.ConclusionT&A patients make up the largest subset of patients returning to the ED for postoperative pain. A total of 74.7% of patients receive opioids, either alone or in combination with non‐opioids, on return to the ED. ED opioid administration was associated with older age of the child and payer, but not with gender, race, surgical diagnosis, or ethnicity.Level of Evidence4