bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscopic Investigation of Granular Materials in Filter Layer Based on LBM-DEM Method
Authors: Ma Qirui , Peng Xing , Zhang Congpeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSoil erosion is one of the most serious problems that threaten the safety of embankments and earth-rock dams. When water flows through the base soil, fine particles subjected to hydrodynamic action will be washed away, which will lead to internal erosion of the embankment project. The inverted filter structure is one of the effective methods to eliminate or reduce the risk of infiltration and erosion, with a history of nearly a century of engineering practice. This article is based on the three-dimensional LBM-DEM fluid solid coupling simulation method. By setting different particle size ratios and hydraulic gradients in the filter medium, the particle contact erosion and subsequent migration and transportation of fine particles in the filter layer structure were comprehensively reproduced, verifying the effectiveness of traditional empirical formulas. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the three-dimensional LBM-DEM coupling method in practical engineering applications from a microscopic view, laying the foundation for the next large-scale simulation of embankment filter layers and the revelation of microscopic mechanisms.
Research on Service and Crack Control of Concrete in Ultra-High Altitude Environment
Authors: Yao Zaifeng , Liu Lei , Han Shuanye , Wang Yaning , Lv Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the cracking prevention and control of concrete engineering in ultra-high altitude areas. Combined with the hydration-temperature-humidity-constraint coupling model, the cracking risk assessment of bridge piers under extreme environment was carried out. The effect of deformation compensation crack control in concrete cracking risk control was revealed. Finally, the concrete cracking risk was assessed after long-term temperature changes. The results show that wind speed, air temperature, light, humidity and freeze–thaw greatly affect the cracking control of concrete. The cracking risk in the surface layer of the bridge piers is maximum around 2–4 days. The maximum cracking risk coefficient is between 0.6  and  0.95. And the risk of core cracking increases progressively after 14 days. When the HME-V® crack-resistant product is added, the unit expansion deformation of concrete increases during the temperature rise phase. Furthermore, the unit volume shrinkage is decreased during the temperature drop phase. A significant deformation compensation is produced. The risk of early and long-term cracking in the core and surface layers of the concrete structure is significantly reduced. The effect of crack control is remarkable. In summary, pre-cracking control in the surface layer of bridge piers is crucial. The risk of long-term cracking in the core is significantly higher than that in the early stage, and long-term cracking control should also be emphasized.
Development and Application of High Permeability and Low Shrinkage Synchronous Grouting Materials
Authors: Liu Quanwei , Zhu Zhijing , Li Weihao , Ye Shoujie , Liu Rentai , Chen Mengjun , Liu Linsheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn order to develop a synchronous grouting material with good comprehensive performance, this paper selected cement, fly ash, mineral powder and slag by orthogonal experimental design method to carry out the proportioning test research, which provided the most suitable slurry proportion for engineering construction. The effects of group proportioning on fluidity, compressive and flexural strength, impermeability and volumetric stability were investigated. The results show that the increase of mineral powder content improves the fluidity performance of the system; the slurry nodules with high cement dosage have higher mechanical properties and impermeability; the secondary hydration of fly ash plays a slower role, so it reduces the early strength of the material and increases the late strength; the slag reduces the impermeability and drying shrinkage of the nodules. The research focuses on the characteristics of synchronous grouting in a subway station construction project in Qingdao. It investigates the mechanical and engineering properties of a new type of material and applies it to the field of engineering control. To some extent, this material can replace cement and effectively prevent tunnel water leakage, reduce operation and maintenance costs, and extend the operation and maintenance cycle, showing significant potential for widespread application.
Experimental Study on Creep Behavior of Prestressed Concrete
Authors: Ge Tao , Yan Le 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn order to study the influencing factors and variation patterns of the creep performance of prestressed concrete, the creep deformation of concrete specimens caused by long-term constant pressure and the instantaneous elastic deformation at the initial moment of applying this load were measured through experiments. The creep coefficient is mainly related to water reducing agents and additives, and the creep coefficient of concrete with single addition of fly ash at the same age is higher than that of concrete with double addition of fly ash and slag micro powder. Therefore, current research has not revealed the variation pattern of creep in prestressed concrete structures and the mechanism of its impact on prestressed relaxation. The measurement values of concrete creep and elastic modulus provided in this paper can be used as a reference for engineering construction control.
Study on Seismic Performance of Waste Fiber Recycled Concrete Column Reinforced with CFRP
Authors: Zhou Jinghai , Li Shouyu , Zhou Jiagui , Kang Tianbei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of CFRP reinforced in different ways on the mechanical properties of WFRC columns is investigated by using numerical simulations. By studying the stress cloud, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and energy dissipation performance, the development of seismic performance of WFRC columns reinforced by CFRP was investigated. The results show that the damage patterns of CFRP-reinforced specimens are basically the same as those of unreinforced specimens, but the seismic performance is slightly improved.
Sensitivity Analysis of Influencing Factors of Vertical Bearing Capacity of Rock-Socketed Piles Based on Orthogonal Test
Authors: Sun Zongjun , Han Yingfeng , Liu Fei , Min Rui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the sensitivity of influencing factors of rock-socketed piles’ vertical bearing capability. The field static load test of embedded rock piles was performed in the article, and the pile-soil interaction model was built using ABAQUS software. The orthogonal test is properly designed to examine the sensitivity of the influencing elements of embedded rock piles by varying the relevant pile, pile side soil and bedrock parameters. The conclusions are as follows: (A) From large to small, the following factors have varying degrees of influence on the bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles: rock internal friction angle, pile diameter, rock elastic modulus, pile elastic modulus, rock poisson's ratio, soil density, soil thickness, rock-socketed depth, rock friction coefficient, rock cohesion, pile density, soil poisson's ratio, soil friction coefficient, soil elastic modulus, rock density, soil cohesion, pile poisson's ratio and soil internal friction angle; (B) Rock internal friction angle, pile diameter, rock elastic modulus, pile elastic modulus, rock poisson's ratio, soil density, soil thickness, and depth of the rock-socketed piles all have a greatly significant impact on the vertical bearing capacity of these piles. The bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles is significantly impacted by the rock friction coefficient and rock cohesiveness. The research results can provide a basis for the design of rock-socketed piles and the prediction of bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles.
Gender bias in visual generative artificial intelligence systems and the socialization of AI
Authors: Locke Larry G. , Hodgdon Grace 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubstantial research over the last ten years has indicated that many generative artificial intelligence systems (“GAI”) have the potential to produce biased results, particularly with respect to gender. This potential for bias has grown progressively more important in recent years as GAI has become increasingly integrated in multiple critical sectors, such as healthcare, consumer lending, and employment. While much of the study of gender bias in popular GAI systems is focused on text-based GAI such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini (formerly Bard), this article describes the results of a confirmatory experiment of gender bias in visual GAI systems. The authors argue that the potential for gender bias in visual GAI systems is potentially more troubling than bias in textual GAI because of the superior memorability of images and the capacity for emotional communication that images represent. They go on to offer four potential approaches to gender bias in visual GAI based on the roles visual GAI could play in modern society. The article concludes with a discussion of how dominant societal values could influence a choice between those four potential approaches to gender bias in visual GAI and some suggestions for further research.
Use of the Thermal Camera to Assess the Perfusion of the Nipple-Areola Complex and Lower Adipoglandular Flap in Post-Explantation Mastopexy
Authors: Lacouture Alberto M. , Guerrero Marco E. , Lacouture Natalia A. , Manzur Ricardo E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermography is a valuable tool for assessing tissue temperature. In recent years, explantation surgery has increased due to the fact that, despite technological advancements, breast implants have a limited lifespan and eventually require explantation, whether for pathological, aesthetic, or personal reasons. Among the complications that can arise in breast surgery are necrosis of the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and fat necrosis of the lower dermoglandular flap, which may affect the outcomes. Considering that the blood supply and perfusion of the breast were altered during the initial surgical procedure, and the technique previously used is often unknown, it is crucial to ensure adequate vascularization of the NAC and the flap. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the thermal camera for intraoperative and postoperative monitoring of the NAC and the lower adipoglandular flap, with the goal of determining tissue perfusion and identifying hypoperfused areas for immediate management, thus providing a new safety parameter in breast surgery.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Has COVID-19 led to more sudden cardiac deaths in football?
Authors: Ukaj Ana , Meyer Tim , Egger Florian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
It is unclear whether the number of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and survived sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) has increased among football players during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to compare the SCD/SCA burden between the pre-pandemic period and COVID-19 pandemic in football players worldwide.

Methods
The COVID-19 pandemic and an equivalent pre-pandemic period (each lasting 1151 days) were analyzed for SCD/SCA by extracting data from the prospective FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) Sudden Death Registry. Particular focus was placed on cardiac diseases acquired through the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, such as myocarditis and coronary artery disease (CAD), potentially leading to SCD/SCA.

Results
There were 454 SCD/SCA (survival rate: 24%) and 380 SCD/SCA (survival rate: 27%) during the pre-pandemic period and COVID-19 pandemic, respectively (p = 0.27). In the pre-pandemic period, out of 191 confirmed and suspected diagnoses, there were 6 (3%) cases of myocarditis and 69 (36%) cases of CAD and during the pandemic out of 136 confirmed and suspected diagnoses, there was 1 (1%) case of myocarditis and 58 (43%) cases of CAD.

Conclusion
The burden of SCD/SCA, particularly myocarditis and CAD, in football players worldwide seemingly has not been higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than during a comparable period before.

Graphical abstract
Enhanced cell survival in prepubertal testicular tissue cryopreserved with membrane lipids and antioxidants rich cryopreservation medium
Authors: Dcunha Reyon , Aravind Anjana , Bhaskar Smitha , Mutalik Sadhana , Mutalik Srinivas , Kalthur Sneha Guruprasad , Kumar Anujith , Hegde Padmaraj , Adiga Satish Kumar , Zhao Yulian , Kannan Nagarajan , Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya Keshava , Kalthur Guruprasad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The present study explores the advantages of enriching the freezing medium with membrane lipids and antioxidants in improving the outcome of prepubertal testicular tissue cryopreservation. For the study, testicular tissue from Swiss albino mice of prepubertal age group (2 weeks) was cryopreserved by slow freezing method either in control freezing medium (CFM; containing DMSO and FBS in DMEM/F12) or test freezing medium (TFM; containing soy lecithin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol, vitamin C, sodium selenite, DMSO and FBS in DMEM/F12 medium) and stored in liquid nitrogen for at least one week. The tissues were thawed and enzymatically digested to assess viability, DNA damage, and oxidative stress in the testicular cells. The results indicate that TFM significantly mitigated freeze–thaw-induced cell death, DNA damage, and lipid peroxidation compared to tissue cryopreserved in CFM. Further, a decrease in Cyt C, Caspase-3, and an increase in Gpx4 mRNA transcripts were observed in tissues frozen with TFM. Spermatogonial germ cells (SGCs) collected from tissues frozen with TFM exhibited higher cell survival and superior DNA integrity compared to those frozen in CFM. Proteomic analysis revealed that SGCs experienced a lower degree of freeze–thaw-induced damage when cryopreserved in TFM, as evident from an increase in the level of proteins involved in mitigating the heat stress response, transcriptional and translational machinery. These results emphasize the beneficial role of membrane lipids and antioxidants in enhancing the cryosurvival of prepubertal testicular tissue offering a significant stride towards improving the clinical outcome of prepubertal testicular tissue cryopreservation.
Interventional anti-reflux management for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in lung transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krahelski Oliver , Ali Iihan , Namgoong Christopher , Dave Kavita , Reed Anna , Ashrafian Hutan , Reddy Marcus , Khan Omar , Das Bibek , Fehervari Matyas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and aspiration are risk factors in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) in the lung transplant population. The aim of this study was to investigate if allograft function and survival improved after anti-reflux surgery (ARS) in lung transplant recipients.

Methods
In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception until 13/01/2024. Articles reporting outcomes of ARS following lung transplantation were included. A random effects model was used for meta-analysis.

Results
The search identified 20 which were used for quantitative analysis. Overall, FEV1 and rate of change of FEV1 had improved following ARS by 0.141 L/s (95% CI; −02.82, −0.001) and −1.153 mL/d (95% CI; −12.117, −0.188), respectively. Survival hazard ratio post-ARS was 0.39 (95% CI; 0.19, 0.60). Nissen fundoplication was the most effective anti-reflux procedure with the greatest effect on reduction in the rate of change of FEV1, with an improvement of −2.353 mL/d (95% CI; −3.058, −1.649).

Conclusion
ARS in lung transplant recipients improves allograft function and survival. Given the increased incidence of GORD in lung transplant recipients, there should be a low threshold for investigation of GORD and subsequent ARS.
Biomechanical modelling infers that collagen content within peripheral nerves is a greater indicator of axial Young’s modulus than structure
Authors: Doman Eleanor A. , Ovenden Nicholas C. , Phillips James B. , Shipley Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mechanical behaviour of peripheral nerves is known to vary between different nerves and nerve regions. As the field of nerve tissue engineering advances, it is vital that we understand the range of mechanical regimes future nerve implants must match to prevent failure. Data on the mechanical behaviour of human peripheral nerves are difficult to obtain due to the need to conduct mechanical testing shortly after removal from the body. In this work, we adapt a 3D multiscale biomechanical model, developed using asymptotic homogenisation, to mimic the micro- and macroscale structure of a peripheral nerve. This model is then parameterised using experimental data from rat peripheral nerves and used to investigate the effect of varying the collagen content, the fibril radius and number density, and the macroscale cross-sectional geometry of the peripheral nerve on the effective axial Young’s moduli of the whole nerve. Our results indicate that the total amount of collagen within a cross section has a greater effect on the axial Young’s moduli compared to other measures of structure. This suggests that the amount of collagen in a cross section of a peripheral nerve, which can be measured through histological and imaging techniques, is one of the key metrics that should be recorded in the future experimental studies on the biomechanical properties of peripheral nerves.
ViViEchoformer: Deep Video Regressor Predicting Ejection Fraction
Authors: Akan Taymaz , Alp Sait , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin , Helmy Tarek , Orr A. Wayne , Bhuiyan Md. Mostafizur Rahman , Conrad Steven A. , Vanchiere John A. , Kevil Christopher G. , Bhuiyan Mohammad Alfrad Nobel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, and cardiac function as measured by ejection fraction (EF) is an important determinant of outcomes, making accurate measurement a critical parameter in PT evaluation. Echocardiograms are commonly used for measuring EF, but human interpretation has limitations in terms of intra- and inter-observer (or reader) variance. Deep learning (DL) has driven a resurgence in machine learning, leading to advancements in medical applications. We introduce the ViViEchoformer DL approach, which uses a video vision transformer to directly regress the left ventricular function (LVEF) from echocardiogram videos. The study used a dataset of 10,030 apical-4-chamber echocardiography videos from patients at Stanford University Hospital. The model accurately captures spatial information and preserves inter-frame relationships by extracting spatiotemporal tokens from video input, allowing for accurate, fully automatic EF predictions that aid human assessment and analysis. The ViViEchoformer’s prediction of ejection fraction has a mean absolute error of 6.14%, a root mean squared error of 8.4%, a mean squared log error of 0.04, and an $${R}^{2}$$

R

2

of 0.55. ViViEchoformer predicted heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with an area under the curve of 0.83 and a classification accuracy of 87 using a standard threshold of less than 50% ejection fraction. Our video-based method provides precise left ventricular function quantification, offering a reliable alternative to human evaluation and establishing a fundamental basis for echocardiogram interpretation.
“I Didn’t Reveal My ART Status Because I Didn’t Have Money to Fetch the Transfer Letter”– Understanding Lack of Treatment Disclosure at Presentation to Care in South Africa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sithole Nsika , Nkosi Busisiwe , Seeley Janet , Barnabas Ruanne V. , Siedner Mark J. , Moshabela Mosa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We explored why people may not reveal their antiretroviral therapy (ART) status when presenting for HIV care, and how a linked electronic system may help address this phenomenon. Data were collected from March to October 2023 from people who presented to clinics for an HIV test in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa but found to be on ART, as well from staff at those clinics. Themes drawn from the Andersen’s health service utilization framework and the domains of a HIV self-management framework were used to guide the analysis. Twenty five people participated in the interviews (18 individuals on ART and seven clinic staff). People did not reveal ART use due to fear of being reprimanded by clinic staff for interrupting treatment or missing clinic visits, with the main reason being administrative challenges, such as requiring a transfer letter to be allowed to access treatment at a new clinic. Some felt ashamed about actions such as buying ART from the black market due to challenges finding treatment. Others wished to present to new clinics because of employment changes, overcrowding in present clinics, missing clinic visits and experiencing stigma. Participants supported the use of a linked electronic system because all medical records would be accessible to health workers in all facilities. People in HIV care in our study demonstrated resilience, finding creative solutions by moving to new clinics to access ART. A linked electronic system which combines records at all health facilities in KwaZulu-Natal could enable individuals to access treatment from any clinic.
Biodevelopmental Correlates of Sexual Orientation in Men: Evidence from a Polish Sample
Authors: Folkierska-Żukowska Monika , Dragan Wojciech Ł. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiological mechanisms proposed to play a role in the development of sexual orientation in men include hormonal, genetic, and immunological factors. The posited roles of these factors are not mutually exclusive; instead, they may be at play to different degrees in different individuals. Direct measurement of these influences is challenging; thus, researchers rely on putative markers. We collected data on five well-established markers in a sample of gay and heterosexual men. We then (1) compared the levels of those markers in gay and straight men, (2) identified latent profiles based on those markers, and (3) compared the proportions of gay and straight men within the profiles. Gay men reported less gender conformity in childhood, a higher proportion of older brothers, were more right-handed, had more non-heterosexual relatives, and had more feminized digit ratios. Of the six identified profiles, the most numerous, containing a significantly higher proportion of straight men, had masculine digit ratios, masculine behavior in childhood, and was the most right-handed. Proportions of gay and straight men did not differ in the profile with the most feminine digit ratio, the profile associated with the highest proportion of older brothers, and the profile associated with left-handedness. Two remaining profiles, associated with familiality, and the most feminine childhood gender behaviors, consisted predominantly of gay men. The study suggests that further investigations of differences within sexual orientation categories are warranted.