bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ichnology of carbonate drifts
Authors: Reolid Jesús , Betzler Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbonate drifts have so far not been as intensely investigated as their siliciclastic equivalents, especially from an ichnological perspective. The aim of this work is therefore to provide an overview of the different bioturbation styles in carbonate drifts for ichnologists and sedimentologists working in such deposits. Different types of carbonate drifts from the Maldives were studied to address this objective. The cores recovered during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 359 were examined to provide the sedimentological and ichnological data for a detailed analysis of the ichnology of carbonate drifts. The ichnological characteristics of the Maldives drifts are compared to other carbonate drifts in order to discuss similarities and differences, and thus provide an overview of the general characteristics of carbonate drift ichnology. These drifts are located in the Santaren Channel which lines Great Bahama Bank, along the Marion Plateau in Australia, in the Limassol and Larnaca basins in Cyprus and in the Danish Basin in Denmark. The common characteristics of bioturbation in carbonate drifts are: (i) the complete bioturbation of the sediment with bioturbation indexes between four and six; (ii) the occurrence of distinctive trace fossils limited to facies contacts or condensed intervals; (iii) a typical ichnoassemblage consisting of Thalassinoides, Scolicia, Planolites, Zoophycos, Chondrites, Phycosiphon and Palaeophycus; (iv) the contiguous occurrence of ichnogenera from different tiers, with only Zoophycos and Chondrites as deep tiers; and (v) distinct infills of the traces including particulate organic matter, pyrite, silica and celestine. In addition, the main ichnofacies of carbonate drifts is the Zoophycos ichnofacies. Ichnofabrics grade from coarse‐grained and completely bioturbated to ichnofabrics with present to rare trace fossils and preserved sedimentary structures. The type and intensity of the bioturbation is controlled by the amount of organic matter and the oxygenation at the sea floor that is determined by the action of bottom currents and the sea‐level fluctuations affecting the carbonate factory in carbonate platforms bordering the basins where the carbonate drifts form. The study of the bioturbation in core and outcrop provides palaeoenvironmental information about carbonate‐drift deposits that complement the classical sedimentological data.
Co‐production in the epidemiological clinic: A decentred analysis of the tensions in community‐based, client‐facing risk work
Authors: Gale Nicola , Brown Patrick , Sidhu Manbinder 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPublic health policies to prevent disease within populations are giving rise to shifting patterns of healthcare delivery in the late modern era. There is an inherent tension in modern medicine between evidence‐based standardisation, on the one hand, and patient‐centred specificity on the other. This tension manifests in recent policy narratives regarding public health risk (which we have characterised in terms of the epidemiological clinic) and co‐production. Drawing on co‐produced data with health trainers (lay health workers tasked with supporting behavioural change in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease) in a deprived post‐industrial region of England, our decentred analysis focuses on three extended narratives from this data set. Our analysis builds on and develops emerging theories of risk work, informed by Habermas, and we explore the extent to which elite narratives of public health risk are resisted, absorbed, or bracketed off by client‐facing health workers—emphasising the heterogeneity of responses—and locate these responses within the context of the workers' employment conditions, their embodied experiences, and their wider beliefs and traditions. We argue that co‐production—albeit in a highly constrained form—is possible while delivering public health interventions. However, in the context of a community where health is so adversely affected by wider social problems and where task shifting has drawn lower status healthcare workers into these client‐facing roles, workers must find their own ways to negotiate and attempt to reconcile this context with the risk‐framed practices they are required to carry out.
Children against parents? The politics of intergenerational recalibration in Southern Europe
Authors: Natili Marcello , Jessoula Matteo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTraditionally, Southern European countries displayed remarkably elderly biased social policy arrangements. This article introduces the notion of intergenerational recalibration to capture reforms aimed at rebalancing the generational profile of Southern European welfare states via the expansion of family policy and social assistance schemes—both monetary benefits and care services—and retrenchment in the field of pensions. Then, it elaborates theoretically on the political dimension of this policy strategy, focusing on the implications of the peculiar combination of expansionary and retrenchment reforms, to advance the hypotheses that domestic politics would prevent the realization of such an agenda, whereas the latter would be favored by a major role of supranational actors, especially the European Union. To test these hypotheses, we systematically analyze policy trajectories in the field of pensions and social assistance in Italy and Spain between the mid‐1990s and 2016. This allows, first, to argue that investment in “pro‐children” measures has not adequately balanced the reduction of pro‐parents expenditure and, second, to question the idea that domestic political incentives to expand “pro‐children” policies are necessarily too weak as well as the “enabling” role of external pressures in pursuing intergenerational recalibration.
Earning Iowa: Local Newspapers and the Invisible Primary*
Authors: Darr Joshua P. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesCan presidential candidates influence their coverage in Iowa's smaller local newspapers? I extend the approach of previous research by examining the impact of campaign press releases on newspaper stories before the 2016 Iowa caucuses.MethodsI coded the topic and tone of candidate press releases, and located “hits” in Iowa newspapers between September 2015 and January 2016 for the top two Democratic and Republican candidates.ResultsPress releases were used primarily for information dissemination in Iowa, while competitive messages decreased as a share of campaign communications. Small, weekly community newspapers hardly covered the campaign.ConclusionsNewspapers in cities outside the state capital are ripe for campaign influence through the Associated Press and deserve more scrutiny, since their combined circulation rivals the largest state newspaper. Media–candidate relations are changing, but press releases remain a critical tool for campaigns to earn local coverage.
Evidence of Own‐Race Bias in Heisman Trophy Voting*
Authors: Kopkin Nolan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveIn this article, I test for evidence of own‐race bias in voting for the Heisman Trophy.MethodsTo study own‐race bias in Heisman Trophy voting, I use individual vote data from Heisman voters from 2002 to 2012 and an ordered probit model with controls for player and team performance that flexibly allows votes be affected by a player's race and racial match between player and voter.ResultsEstimates show nonblack voters are more likely to vote for nonblack players in absolute terms and compared with black voters assuming homogeneous voter preferences. Allowing preferences to vary by race, results show nonblack voters continue to be more likely to vote for nonblack players in absolute terms and are strongly suggestive of a larger relative bias in favor of nonblack players by nonblack voters as compared with black voters.ConclusionThere is a racial component to Heisman Trophy voting and bias is large enough to affect official aggregate results. Racial bias may have affected the award's winner in multiple Heisman races between 2002 and 2012.
Which manufacturing industries and sectors are most vulnerable to Brexit?
Authors: Gasiorek Michael , Serwicka Ilona , Smith Alasdair 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhen the UK leaves the EU, trade arrangements between the UK and EU will change. Most of the options for future UK‐EU relationships currently under discussion imply increased trade barriers, which will reduce trade and also have effects on output and prices. In this paper, we use a multi‐market partial equilibrium model to analyse the vulnerability of 122 manufacturing industries to Brexit. In all five Brexit scenarios we model, there is an overall reduction in UK manufacturing output. Output grows in some industries but at the expense of higher consumer and intermediate goods prices. High tech and medium–high tech sectors are more at risk of a decline in domestic production than lower tech sectors. In most areas of the country, demand for high‐skilled workers falls more than for medium and low‐skilled workers.
Nitrate removal from water using zero‐valent aluminium
Authors: Esfahani Amirsalar R. , Datta Tania 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNitrate pollution in surface and groundwater is known to adversely affect human health, water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Zero‐valent aluminium is a strong reductant for ions such as nitrate. In this study, its use in nitrate reduction efficiency was evaluated as a function of pH, aluminium dosage and aluminium particle size through a lab‐scale investigation. The most effective pH for complete nitrate removal, with an initial concentration of 14.0 ± 1.0 mg N/L, was found to be 13 ± 0.2. Under this condition, complete removal was achieved in 5 min, using aluminium particle size of 1–3 µm and aluminium‐to‐nitrate (NO3–‐N) ratio of 125. The 1–3 µm and 297–841 µm aluminium particles removed nitrate at a reaction rate constant (k) of 0.048 ± 0.017 (mg‐N/L)1.53/min and at 0.042 ± 0.014 (mg‐N/L)1.28/min, respectively. The use of smaller aluminium particles was found to be more effective for nitrate removal than large particles, and it was observed that for these particle sizes, aluminium dosages was less of a factor than any other experimental conditions evaluated.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Offshore Wind Turbine Blades Under Operating Conditions
Authors: Tarfaoui M. , Nachtane M. , Boudounit H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
World energy demand has increased immediately and is expected to continue to grow in the foreseeable future. Therefore, an overall change of energy consumption continuously from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources, and low service and maintenance price are the benefits of using renewable energies such as using wind turbines as an electricity generator. In this context, offshore wind power refers to the development of wind parks in bodies of water to produce electricity from wind. Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so offshore wind power's contribution in terms of electricity supplied is higher. However, these structures are very susceptible to degradation of their mechanical properties considering various hostile loads. The scope of this work is the study of the damage noticed in full-scale 48 m fiberglass composite blades for offshore wind turbine. In this paper, the most advanced features currently available in finite element (FE) abaqus/Implicit have been employed to simulate the response of blades for a sound knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the structures and then localize the susceptible sections.
Ambulances under siege in Syria
Authors: Wong C Hayes , Chen Christine Yen-Ting 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHealthcare is under attack in Syria with repeated air strikes on hospitals and ambulances and the largest death toll of health workers in any recorded conflict.1 Ambulances in Syria have been bombed, shot at, stolen, looted and obstructed, significantly impeding their ability to safely evacuate the wounded and provide medical aid.MethodsThis article presents the summary of a literature review on attacks against ambulances in Syria from 2011 to 2018, as well as a descriptive secondary data analysis on individual attacks reported by the Syrian Network for Human Rights from January 2016 to December 2017. A peer-reviewed literature search included three databases (PubMed, ProQuest and Embase), and a grey literature search included reports from groups involved in the Syrian health response or human rights monitoring.FindingsFrom 2016 to 2017, there were 204 individual attacks involving 243 ambulances. Half (49%) were either heavily damaged or put out of service. The main perpetrators were the Syrian regime (60%) and the Russian armed forces (29%). Half (52%) of ambulances were directly targeted. The peer-reviewed literature search yielded 18 articles, from which the following themes were drawn: targeting of ambulances, ‘double-tap’ attacks, delays to care, obstruction and other forms of violence, and long-term consequences.InterpretationAmbulances have been intentionally and repeatedly targeted throughout the Syrian conflict as part of a war strategy. Real challenges in monitoring and systematically tracking attacks on ambulances exist, but as a result, they are understudied and likely under-reported.
Aerial path planning for urban scene reconstruction
Authors: Smith Neil , Moehrle Nils , Goesele Michael , Heidrich Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

Small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are ideal capturing devices for high-resolution urban 3D reconstructions using multi-view stereo. Nevertheless, practical considerations such as safety usually mean that access to the scan target is often only available for a short amount of time, especially in urban environments. It therefore becomes crucial to perform both view and path planning to minimize flight time while ensuring complete and accurate reconstructions.
In this work, we address the challenge of automatic view and path planning for UAV-based aerial imaging with the goal of urban reconstruction from multi-view stereo. To this end, we develop a novel continuous optimization approach using heuristics for multi-view stereo reconstruction quality and apply it to the problem of path planning. Even for large scan areas, our method generates paths in only a few minutes, and is therefore ideally suited for deployment in the field.

To evaluate our method, we introduce and describe a detailed benchmark dataset for UAV path planning in urban environments which can also be used to evaluate future research efforts on this topic. Using this dataset and both synthetic and real data, we demonstrate survey-grade urban reconstructions with ground resolutions of 1 cm or better on large areas (30 000 m
2
).
Video to fully automatic 3D hair model
Authors: Liang Shu , Huang Xiufeng , Meng Xianyu , Chen Kunyao , Shapiro Linda G. , Kemelmacher-Shlizerman Ira 
Published: November 2018

Imagine taking a selfie video with your mobile phone and getting as output a 3D model of your head (face and 3D hair strands) that can be later used in VR, AR, and any other domain. State of the art hair reconstruction methods allow either a single photo (thus compromising 3D quality) or multiple views, but they require manual user interaction (manual hair segmentation and capture of fixed camera views that span full 360°). In this paper, we describe a system that can completely automatically create a reconstruction from any video (even a selfie video), and we don't require specific views, since taking your -90°, 90°, and full back views is not feasible in a selfie capture.
In the core of our system, in addition to the automatization components, hair strands are estimated and deformed in 3D (rather than 2D as in state of the art) thus enabling superior results. We provide qualitative, quantitative, and Mechanical Turk human studies that support the proposed system, and show results on a diverse variety of videos (8 different celebrity videos, 9 selfie mobile videos, spanning age, gender, hair length, type, and styling).
There are 174 subdivisions of the hexahedron into tetrahedra
Authors: Pellerin Jeanne , Verhetsel Kilian , Remacle Jean-FranÇois 
Published: November 2018

This article answers an important theoretical question: How many different subdivisions of the hexahedron into tetrahedra are there? It is well known that the cube has five subdivisions into 6 tetrahedra and one subdivision into 5 tetrahedra. However, all hexahedra are not cubes and moving the vertex positions increases the number of subdivisions. Recent hexahedral dominant meshing methods try to take these configurations into account for combining tetrahedra into hexahedra, but fail to enumerate them all: they use only a set of 10 subdivisions among the 174 we found in this article.
The enumeration of these 174 subdivisions of the hexahedron into tetrahedra is our combinatorial result. Each of the 174 subdivisions has between 5 and 15 tetrahedra and is actually a class of 2 to 48 equivalent instances which are identical up to vertex relabeling. We further show that exactly 171 of these subdivisions have a geometrical realization, i.e. there exist coordinates of the eight hexahedron vertices in a three-dimensional space such that the geometrical tetrahedral mesh is valid. We exhibit the tetrahedral meshes for these configurations and show in particular subdivisions of hexahedra with 15 tetrahedra that have a strictly positive Jacobian.
Temporal resolution of single-photon responses in primate rod photoreceptors and limits imposed by cellular noise
Authors: Field Greg D. , Uzzell Valerie , Chichilnisky E. J. , Rieke Fred 
Published: November 2018

Sensory receptor noise corrupts sensory signals, contributing to imperfect perception and dictating central processing strategies. For example, noise in rod phototransduction limits our ability to detect light, and minimizing the impact of this noise requires precisely tuned nonlinear processing by the retina. But detection sensitivity is only one aspect of night vision: prompt and accurate behavior also requires that rods reliably encode the timing of photon arrivals. We show here that the temporal resolution of responses of primate rods is much finer than the duration of the light response and identify the key limiting sources of transduction noise. We also find that the thermal activation rate of rhodopsin is lower than previous estimates, implying that other noise sources are more important than previously appreciated. A model of rod single-photon responses reveals that the limiting noise relevant for behavior depends critically on how rod signals are pooled by downstream neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Many studies have focused on the visual system’s ability to detect photons, but not on its ability to encode the relative timing of detected photons. Timing is essential for computations such as determining the velocity of moving objects. Here we examine the timing precision of primate rod photoreceptor responses and show that it is more precise than previously appreciated. This motivates an evaluation of whether scotopic vision approaches limits imposed by rod temporal resolution.
Ribosomal Lesions Promote Oncogenic Mutagenesis
Authors: Sulima Sergey O. , Kampen Kim R. , Vereecke Stijn , Pepe Daniele , Fancello Laura , Verbeeck Jelle , Dinman Jonathan D. , De Keersmaecker Kim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Ribosomopathies are congenital disorders caused by mutations in ribosomal proteins (RP) or assembly factors and are characterized by cellular hypoproliferation at an early stage. Paradoxically, many of these disorders have an elevated risk to progress to hyperproliferative cancer at a later stage. In addition, somatic RP mutations have recently been identified in various cancer types, for example, the recurrent RPL10-R98S mutation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and RPS15 mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We previously showed that RPL10-R98S promotes expression of oncogenes, but also induces a proliferative defect due to elevated oxidative stress. In this study, we demonstrate that this proliferation defect is eventually rescued by RPL10-R98S mouse lymphoid cells that acquire 5-fold more secondary mutations than RPL10-WT cells. The presence of RPL10-R98S and other RP mutations also correlated with a higher mutational load in patients with T-ALL, with an enrichment in NOTCH1-activating lesions. RPL10-R98S–associated cellular oxidative stress promoted DNA damage and impaired cell growth. Expression of NOTCH1 eliminated these phenotypes in RPL10-R98S cells, in part via downregulation of PKC-θ, with no effect on RPL10-WT cells. Patients with RP-mutant CLL also demonstrated a higher mutational burden, enriched for mutations that may diminish oxidative stress. We propose that oxidative stress due to ribosome dysfunction causes hypoproliferation and cellular insufficiency in ribosomopathies and RP-mutant cancer. This drives surviving cells, potentiated by genomic instability, to acquire rescuing mutations, which ultimately promote transition to hyperproliferation.

Significance:
Ribosomal lesions cause oxidative stress and increase mutagenesis, promoting acquisition of rescuing mutations that stimulate proliferation.
A Population-Based Study on Liver Metastases in Women with Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer
Authors: Xie Jingjing , Xu Zhongyuan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background:
Population-based estimates for prognosis among patients with liver metastases in newly diagnosed breast cancer are not generally available.

Methods:
Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, we identified 298,370 patients with breast cancer and 4,285 patients diagnosed with initial liver metastases between 2010 and 2014. Data were stratified according to subtype, age, and race. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression were used to identify predictors for the presence of initial liver metastases and prognostic factors, respectively. Kaplan–Meier procedure was used for survival analysis.

Results:
A total of 4,285 patients with initial liver metastases (1.4% of the entire cohort, 29.6% of the subset with metastatic disease) were identified. Patients with hormone receptor (HR)-negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (4.4% of entire cohort, 52.5% of patients with metastatic disease to any distant site) and HR-positive HER2-positive (2.8% of entire cohort, 40.4% of patients with metastatic disease to any distant site) subtypes had highest incidence proportions. The median survival of patients with liver metastases in the entire cohort was 15.0 months. Patients with HR-positive HER2-positive subtype showed the longest median survival (31.0 months); however, patients with triple-negative subtype showed the shortest median survival (8.0 months).

Conclusions:
Our findings provide population-based estimates of epidemiologic characteristics and prognosis in breast cancer patients diagnosed with initial liver metastases.

Impact:
This study lends support to the diagnosis of the liver among patients at high risk of liver metastases, including those with HER2-positive and other systemic metastases.