bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of erythropoietin and iron status on brain myelination in the newborn rat
Authors: Flores Karen P. , Blohowiak Sharon E. , Winzerling Joy J. , Georgieff Michael K. , Kling Pamela J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractErythropoietin (Epo) drives iron (Fe) utilization for erythropoiesis, but the potentially resultant tissue iron deficiency (ID) can also impede brain development. Conversely, Epo binds to Epo receptors (EpoR) on immature brain oligodendrocytes and neurons, promoting growth and differentiation. The objective of the study was to examine the interaction between Epo and Fe on myelination in brain development during daily Epo treatment. Male and female Sprague‐Dawley rats from postnatal day (P) P4‐P12 modeled premature newborns. Dam‐fed Fe‐sufficient (IS) or postnatal ID groups were given daily subcutaneous sham or erythropoietic Epo injections (425 U.kg−1.d−1), ± oral Fe (6 mg.kg−1.d−1). Tissues and blood were collected and studied at P12. Epo in the ID groups, in the absence of oral Fe, stimulated microcytic ID anemia along with raising inflammatory markers. Both the microcytic anemia and inflammation improved in the ID + Epo + Fe group. Fe treatment positively impacted erythropoiesis and body Fe (µg/g) in all groups. Relative brain Fe (µg/g rat) was improved in the IS + Epo + Fe group. Brain Fe was not worsened in +Epo groups. Brain weight and brain Fe were related to plasma Epo levels. Amount of myelination was impacted by feeding type, but was not inhibited by Epo. Expression of a protein in myelin, mylein basic protein, was greater in all +Fe groups than –Fe groups. With therapeutic Epo, available body Fe was prioritized for erythropoiesis instead of brain, but Epo did not worsen brain Fe and potentially Epo improved myelination and maturation in the brain.
Anodal and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation can decrease force output of knee extensors during an intermittent MVC fatiguing task in young healthy male participants
Authors: Giboin Louis‐Solal , Gruber Markus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has the capacity to enhance force output during a short‐lasting maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) as well as during a long‐lasting submaximal voluntary contraction until task failure. However, its effect on an intermittent maximal effort is not known. We hypothesized that anodal tDCS applied during or before a maximal fatigue task increases the amplitude of maximal voluntary contraction (aMVC) and voluntary activation (VA) in young healthy male participants. We measured VA, potentiated twitch at rest (Ptw), root mean square electromyogram (EMG), and aMVC during a fatiguing task that consisted of 35 × 5 s MVC of knee extensors and was performed during tDCS or 10 min after the end of tDCS (sham, anodal, or cathodal treatments). No effect of tDCS was detected on the first MVC but, when compared to sham tDCS, both anodal tDCS and cathodal tDCS reduced aMVC when tDCS was applied during the task (p < .001) and only anodal tDCS reduced aMVC when applied 10 min before the task (p = .03). The reductions in aMVC were accompanied by reductions in EMG of M. vastus lateralis for both tDCS treatments as well as in Ptw only during anodal tDCS and in VA only during cathodal tDCS. Both cathodal tDCS and anodal tDCS impaired force production during an intermittent fatiguing MVC task. The detrimental effects were stronger when tDCS was applied during the task. Here, cathodal and anodal tDCS specifically affected Ptw and VA indicating different underlying mechanisms.
Dark chocolate with a high oleic peanut oil microcapsule content
Authors: Agibert Silvia AC , Lannes Suzana C da S 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn accordance with the market demand for healthier indulgent food products, the present study aimed to determine the viability of the industrial production of dark chocolate with microcapsules of high oleic peanut oil content. Microcapsules of high oleic peanut oil were added to a control formulation using variations of mixing time.RESULTSThe chocolates presented a rheology characterized by a pseudoplastic behavior adjusted to the Casson model (r > 0.98) and calorimetric behavior indicating melting onset (21 °C), peak melting (32 °C) and melting end (41 °C); caramelization peak (183 °C); and carbonization peak (237 °C), being considered thermal stable. The mixing time and the amount of microcapsules added to the control chocolate did not significantly influence the flow limit (11.09 ± 1.73 Pa) or the physical characteristics of the chocolate: pH (6.74 ± 0.14), maximum particle size (0.019 ± 0.001 mm), water activity (0.358 ± 0.023) and brittleness (18.61 ± 3.74 N). However, the addition of microcapsules with a high oleic peanut oil content significantly increased the chocolate whiteness index, thixotropy and Casson's plastic viscosity, although it did not have a significant influence on the mixing time.CONCLUSIONThe products obtained have a desirable quality and physical properties, being suitable for industrial production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Resolution enhanced light field near eye display using e‐shifting method with birefringent plate
Authors: Wu Jui‐Yi , Chou Ping‐Yen , Peng Kuei‐En , Huang Yi‐Pai , Lo Hsin‐Hsiang , Chang Chuan‐Chung , Chuang Fu‐Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLight field near eye displays (LFNED) can produce lightweight devices and address the accommodation–convergence conflict. However, low spatial resolution creates a poor immersive experience in LFNED. In addition, although many e‐shifting devices have been proposed to enhance resolution in projection system, yet those devices are too bulky to be applied in an LFNED to keep it lightweight. In this paper, a compact e‐shifting component is proposed to enhance image resolution in an LFNED by using a birefringent plate and twisted nematic switch cell. The proposed e‐shifting device is a flat and thin component with only 2.6 mm of thickness, which could be placed in the gap of an LFNED without increasing the thickness. The results show that the proposed components could be easily integrated in an LFNED with the result of resolution enhancement.
Impact of non‐ideal analyte behavior on the separation of protein aggregates by asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation
Authors: Boll Björn , Josse Lena , Heubach Anja , Hochenauer Sophie , Finkler Christof , Huwyler Jörg , Koulov Atanas V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAsymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation is a valuable tool for the characterization of protein aggregates in biotechnology owing to its broad size range and unique separation principle. However, in practice asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation is non‐trivial to use due to the major deviations from theory and the influence on separation by various factors that are not fully understood. Here, we report methods to assess the non‐ideal effects that influence asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation separation and for the first time identify experimentally the main factors that impact it. Furthermore, we propose new approaches to minimize such non‐ideal behavior, showing that by adjusting the mobile phase composition (pH and ionic strength) the resolution of asymmetric flow field‐flow fractionation separation can be drastically improved. Additionally, we propose a best practice method for new proteins.
Transforming the future of health together: The Learning Health Systems Consensus Action Plan
Authors: Rubin Joshua C. , Silverstein Jonathan C. , Friedman Charles P. , Kush Rebecca D. , Anderson W. Holt , Lichter Allen S. , Humphreys Darin J. , Brown Jeffrey , Crawford Laura , Walker James M. , Tannen Richard L. , Berry Kate , Hamilton Lopez Marianne , Kolodner Robert M. , Marchibroda Janet M. , Rockhold Frank W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Learning Health Community is an emergent global multistakeholder grassroots incipient movement bonded together by a set of consensus Core Values Underlying a National‐Scale Person‐Centered Continuous Learning Health System developed at the 2012 Learning Health System (LHS) Summit. The Learning Health Community's Second LHS Summit was convened on December 8 to 9, 2016 building upon LHS efforts taking shape in order to achieve consensus on actions that, if taken, will advance LHSs and the LHS vision from what remain appealing concepts to a working reality for improving the health of individuals and populations globally. An iterative half‐year collaborative revision process following the Second LHS Summit led to the development of the Learning Health Systems Consensus Action Plan.
Photocrosslinking of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether ketone)s in a Hydrated State to Obtain Proton Exchange Membranes with High Performance
Authors: Yan Shijing , Zhong Zhenxin , Li Xiang‐Dan , Wen Pushan , Zhang Haining , Li Lizhong , He Rui , Zhang Aiqing , Lee Myong‐Hoon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNovel sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (SCKs) containing photosensitive chalcone units in the main chain are synthesized by polycondensation of 4,4′‐dihydroxylchalcone, perfluorobiphenyl, and sodium 5,5′‐carbonyl bis(2‐fluorobenzenesulfonate). Photocrosslinking of SCK membranes in a hydrated state is implemented under UV irradiation, and characterization by UV–vis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. The crosslinked structure formed in hydrated membranes endows crosslinked SCK membranes with desired properties, such as the greatly improved dimensional and chemical stabilities, relative better mechanical properties and thermal stability, without sacrificing proton conductivity of them. Proton conductivity of crosslinked SCK membranes only drops by 2.7–14%, and reaches 215 mS cm−1at 80 °C, which is higher than that of Nafion117 (163 mS cm−1). Atomic force microscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering analysis verify that the photocrosslinked strategy of SCK membranes in a hydrated state could well preserve percolated hydrophilic channels in membranes and give crosslinked SCK membranes high performance desirable for proton exchange membrane.
Shear‐Induced Skin‐Core Structure of Molten Isotactic Polypropylene and the Formation of β‐Crystal
Authors: Pan Yamin , Guo Xiaobei , Zheng Guoqiang , Liu Chuntai , Chen Qiang , Shen Changyu , Liu Xianhu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe study of crystallization behavior and crystalline morphology of polymer melt under shear flow is of great interest due to the strong effect of flow field on the final properties of polymer products in the practical processing. In this respect, the shearing hot stage provides a unique tool which monitors sensitively the changes in crystalline structure induced by precise experimental conditions. Herein, the impacts of both melting temperature and shear rate on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) melt are investigated. Under static conditions, there are only random spherulite structures. Once shear is involved, the cylindrite‐layers appear near both surfaces of the sample, which is consistent with the skin‐core structure in the injection molded parts. Meanwhile, the β‐crystals can be developed and are related to the molecular orientation, depending on the applied melting temperatures and shear rates. More interestingly, the crystallinity of β‐crystal in the pure iPP can reach 15%. The above results indicate that the melting temperature and shear rate are important factors in determining the β‐form crystal development of iPP matrix.
Shape Memory Hydrogels with Simultaneously Switchable Fluorescence Behavior
Authors: Jian Yu‐kun , Le Xiao‐xia , Zhang Yu‐chong , Lu Wei , Wang Li , Zheng Jing , Zhang Jia‐wei , Huang You‐ju , Chen Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRealization of shape memory process in polymeric hydrogels at ambient condition is a significant development to shape memory materials. The sound understanding of the dynamic shape memory process is fundamentally important but limited. Here, a novel shape memory hydrogel with simultaneously switchable fluorescence behavior is developed. The hydrogel is prepared by incorporating a pH‐responsive fluorescent molecule, perylene tetracarboxylic acid, into chitosan‐based hydrogel, and the assembly and disassembly of chitosan chains into microcrystals upon the trigger of pH are applied as reversible crosslinks to achieve shape memory effect. Therefore, the formation and disassociation of microcrystalline chitosan, and the switchable fluorescence performance happen concurrently, which bring convenience to monitoring the shape memory process by fluorescent imaging. Moreover, the erasable fluorescence behavior also gives the hydrogel potential applications in information storage.
Krylov eigenvalue strategy using the FEAST algorithm with inexact system solves
Authors: Gavin Brendan , Polizzi Eric 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe FEAST eigenvalue algorithm is a subspace iteration algorithm that uses contour integration to obtain the eigenvectors of a matrix for the eigenvalues that are located in any user‐defined region in the complex plane. By computing small numbers of eigenvalues in specific regions of the complex plane, FEAST is able to naturally parallelize the solution of eigenvalue problems by solving for multiple eigenpairs simultaneously. The traditional FEAST algorithm is implemented by directly solving collections of shifted linear systems of equations; in this paper, we describe a variation of the FEAST algorithm that uses iterative Krylov subspace algorithms for solving the shifted linear systems inexactly. We show that this iterative FEAST algorithm (which we call IFEAST) is mathematically equivalent to a block Krylov subspace method for solving eigenvalue problems. By using Krylov subspaces indirectly through solving shifted linear systems, rather than directly using them in projecting the eigenvalue problem, it becomes possible to use IFEAST to solve eigenvalue problems using very large dimension Krylov subspaces without ever having to store a basis for those subspaces. IFEAST thus combines the flexibility and power of Krylov methods, requiring only matrix–vector multiplication for solving eigenvalue problems, with the natural parallelism of the traditional FEAST algorithm. We discuss the relationship between IFEAST and more traditional Krylov methods and provide numerical examples illustrating its behavior.
Gap metric–based model bank construction for wind turbine predictive control
Authors: Li Dewen , Chen Zhe , Li Ning 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a novel model bank construction method for the multiple model predictive control of wind turbine system. The gap metric is used to measure the dynamic difference between the linearized models of the wind turbine system at different wind speed. Two algorithms are then proposed to divide the wind speed range in different operating regions. Meanwhile, a complete and nonredundant linear model bank is established to approximate the wind turbine system in the whole operating region. We take the robust model predictive control algorithm to design the local controller and utilize the wind speed as the switching criterion to combine the submodels. The simulation study on a 5‐MW wind turbine verifies the efficiency of the proposed method.
Scaffold Diversity Synthesis Delivers Complex, Structurally, and Functionally Distinct Tetracyclic Benzopyrones
Authors: Sankar Muthukumar G. , Roy Sayantani , Tran Tuyen Thi Ngoc , Wittstein Kathrin , Bauer Jonathan O. , Strohmann Carsten , Ziegler Slava , Kumar Kamal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComplexity‐generating chemical transformations that afford novel molecular scaffolds enriched in sp3 character are highly desired. Here, we present a highly stereoselective scaffold diversity synthesis approach that utilizes cascade double‐annulation reactions of diverse pairs of zwitterionic and non‐zwitterionic partners with 3‐formylchromones to generate highly complex tetracyclic benzopyrones. Each pair of annulation partners adds to the common chroman‐4‐one scaffold to build two new rings, supporting up to four contiguous chiral centers that include an all‐carbon quaternary center. Differently ring‐fused benzopyrones display different biological activities, thus demonstrating their immense potential in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology research.
Crizotinib induces apoptosis and gene expression changes in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines; brentuximab synergizes and doxorubicin antagonizes
Authors: Hudson Sandra , Wang Dongliang , Middleton Frank , Nevaldine Barbara H. , Naous Rana , Hutchison Robert E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) shows 60–70% event free survival with standard treatments. Targeted therapies are being tested for increased benefit and/or reduced toxicity, but interactions with standard agents are not well known.MethodsWe exposed four ALCL cell lines to two targeted agents, crizotinib and brentuximab vedotin, and to two standard agents, doxorubicin and vinblastine. For each agent and combination, we measured apoptosis and expression of approximately 300 previously annotated genes of interest using targeted RNA‐sequencing. An aurora kinase inhibitor, alisertib, was similarly tested for gene expression effects.ResultsOnly crizotinib, alone or in combination, showed significant effects (adjusted P < 0.05) on expression and apoptosis. One hundred and nine of 277 gene expressions showed crizotinib‐associated differential expression, mostly downregulation, 62 associated with apoptosis, and 28 associated with both crizotinib and apoptosis. Doxorubicin was antagonistic with crizotinib on gene expression and apoptosis. Brentuximab was synergistic with crizotinib in apoptosis, and not antagonistic in gene expression. Vinblastine also appeared synergistic with crizotinib but did not achieve statistical significance. Alisertib did not show significant expression changes.ConclusionsOur data suggest that crizotinib induces apoptosis through orderly changes in cell signaling associated with ALK inhibition. Expression effects of crizotinib and associated apoptosis are antagonized by doxorubicin, but apoptosis is synergized by brentuximab vedotin and possibly vinblastine. These findings suggest that concurrent use of crizotinib and doxorubicin may be counterproductive, while the pairing of crizotinib with brentuximab (or vinblastine) may increase efficacy. Alisertib did not induce expression changes at cytotoxic dosage.
Assessment of end‐of‐treatment transition needs for pediatric cancer and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients and their families
Authors: Karst Jeffrey S. , Hoag Jennifer A. , Chan Sherilynn F. , Schmidt Debra J. , Anderson Lynnette J. , Englebert Nicole E. , Igler Eva C. , Bingen Kristin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe transition off active treatment is a time of significant stress for pediatric cancer patients and families. Providing information and support at this time is among the new psychosocial standards of care in pediatric oncology. This study sought to explore patient and family needs and concerns at the end of their active cancer treatment.Design/MethodsForty‐nine caregiver–child dyads completed semi‐structured interviews and surveys 1–2 months before ending treatment, and again 3–7 months after treatment concluded.ResultsPatients and caregivers reported a moderate level of understanding of follow‐up care needs, late effects, and perceived preparation. Altogether, child, adolescent, and young adult cancer patients and parents identified similar priorities for information needed during the transition off active treatment. The most essential pieces of information desired by patients and families across time points included reviews of late effects, schedules for follow‐up care, health and physical restrictions, communication with the patient's primary care provider, and provision of a treatment summary. At Time 2, patients and families reported a greater retrospective desire for emotional health resources. Most patients and caregivers wanted information from a variety of sources, but the desired timing to receive this information varied and was dependent on disease group.ConclusionsThere are many essential components to end‐of‐treatment care that are not consistently provided to pediatric cancer patients and families. Formalized programs offering education and support should be provided by multidisciplinary teams prior to the end of active treatment.
Treatment of refractory germ cell tumors in children with paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AGCT0521 study
Authors: Pashankar Farzana , Frazier A. Lindsay , Krailo Mark , Xia Caihong , Pappo Alberto S. , Malogolowkin Marcio , Olson Thomas A , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundPaclitaxel, ifosfamide, cisplatin (TIP) is commonly used as salvage for malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) in adults; however, additional administration of cisplatin at a young age could cause significant short‐ and long‐term toxicities in a group of patients with high expected salvage. Because carboplatin has been shown to be effective in pediatric MGCT with less toxicity, the TIP regimen was modified by substituting carboplatin for cisplatin.MethodsThe Children's Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial between November 2007 and June 2011 evaluating “TIC” (paclitaxel 135 mg/m2/day Day 1, ifosfamide 1,800 mg/m2/dose Days 1–5 and carboplatin with AUC 6.5 Day 1) in children < 21 years with relapsed MGCT. The endpoint of the trial was response after two cycles, incorporating RECIST response and marker decline.ResultsTwenty patients (12 male, median age 13.5 years) were enrolled. Seventeen patients had tumor markers ≥10 times above normal. After two cycles, by RECIST criteria, 8 patients achieved a partial response (response rate 40%), 10 had stable disease, and 2 had progressive disease. A ≥ 1 log reduction was achieved in 10/17 patients (58.8%) with elevated markers. By study defined criteria, combining response by RECIST and marker decline, the response rate was 44%.ConclusionTIC is active in relapsed pediatric MGCT and should be considered for salvage therapy in children. In adolescents and older adults with relapse MGCT, TIP or high‐dose chemotherapy with stem cell remain the standard therapy.
Solid pseudopapillary and malignant pancreatic tumors in childhood: A systematic review and evidence quality assessment
Authors: Mylonas Konstantinos S. , Doulamis Ilias P. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Nasioudis Dimitrios , Schizas Dimitrios , Masiakos Peter T. , Kelleher Cassandra M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA systematic review of 32 studies reporting on 489 children with pancreatic tumors was performed. The most prevalent histologic subtype was solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) (61.3%). Pancreaticoduodenectomy was the most commonly performed operation (48%). Neoadjuvant chemo/radiotherapy was utilized in 3.9, 36.2, 25, and 27.8% of patients with SPTs, pancreatoblastomas (PBLs), neuroendocrine tumors, and exocrine carcinomas, respectively. Adjuvant chemotherapy (75.6%) and radiation (34%) were most commonly utilized in PBLs. All‐cause mortality was highest in exocrine carcinomas (50%). Overall, 98.8% of patients with SPTs survived. PBL exhibited the highest recurrence rate (14.7%) within a mean of 23.5 months.