bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading the Stars at the Ottoman Court: Bāyezīd ii (r. 886/1481-918/1512) and His Celestial Interests
Authors: Şen Ahmet Tunç 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study seeks to determine the extent of the patronage of the science of the stars (ʿilm al-nuǧūm) at the court of the eighth Ottoman sultan Bāyezīd ii (r. 886/1481-918/1512). Throughout the medieval and early modern Islamicate world munaǧǧims (astronomer-astrologers) offered rulers their expertise in calculating heavenly configurations and interpreting them with a view to predicting future events; here the Ottoman polity is no exception. In the case of Bāyezīd ii, however, the sheer number of munaǧǧims employed and texts and instruments commissioned by or dedicated to the sultan unequivocally singles him out and makes it possible to further argue that his deliberate attempt to personally study and cultivate the science of the stars was inextricably related to the broader political, ideological, and cultural agendas at the time. The first part of the article provides statistical evidence on the exceptional nature of Bāyezīd’s patronization of the science of the stars based upon a number of archival documents, taqwīms (annual almanac-prognostications) and related texts presented to the sultan. Here a number of key munaǧǧims active at his court will also be introduced. The second part focuses upon Bāyezīd’s own learned interests and intellectual aspirations, and examine the celestial inquiries of the sultan in light of a few curious archival reports, textual evidence from surviving manuscripts, and testimonies of his contemporaries.
Combatting Money Laundering: A Study under Emirati and International Law
Authors: Alkrisheh Mohammad Amin , Jaffal Zeyad Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Money laundering is one of the most serious economic crimes. It is linked to all criminal activities, generates substantial illegal profits, and has always posed a serious threat to national and international economies. Most countries employ multiple approaches to fight this crime. The UAE has implemented several laws to tackle money laundering. In this regard, the UAE issued Federal Law No. 4 of 2002 on Anti-money Laundering. This article defines the concept of money laundering and explores its economic effects in the UAE. It also identifies the approaches taken against this crime at national and international levels. It concludes with recommendations for further research.
Missiology and Deep Incarnation
Authors: Niemandt Cornelius Johannes Petrus 
Published: June 2019

Much as the concept of missio Dei has shaped missiological thinking and the theology of mission, the growing interest in God’s incarnation and embodiment may play a very formative role in missiological reflection in the future, and is already evident in the World Council of Churches’ mission affirmation Together Towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes (ttl; 2013).
In this research, “deep incarnation” has been introduced as an important concept in the theology of mission, in terms of the recent work by a number of leading theologians under the title Incarnation – On the Scope and Depth of Christology (Gregersen 2015). “Deep incarnation” has been summarized as the coming-into-flesh of God’s eternal Logos. In the process of incarnation, God the creator and the world of the flesh are conjoined in such depth that God links up with all vulnerable creatures. In Christ, God enters into the biological tissue of creation in order to share the fate of biological existence. In the incarnate One, God becomes Jesus, and in him God becomes human, sharing the life conditions of the least in creation. The most high and the very lowest are united in the process of incarnation.
This research emphasizes the importance of the concept of “deep incarnation” for theology of mission, and how it may inform missiology, with brief reference to ttl and how the major themes of “deep incarnation” (such as an orientation towards life in the broadest sense, the importance of suffering and marginality, the nature of unity and community) are already present in ttl.
Missio Dei 这样的概念已经塑造了宣教神学。日渐对上帝道成肉身的兴趣， 可能会令此概念扮演一个相等的角色，这在普世协会的宣教声明‘一起生活’ (2013) 中也明显可见。在这篇研究里，‘深度道成肉身’是指向基督论的范围和深度 (2015) 来说的。它被总结为上帝永恒的道成为人的样子，上帝创造主与血肉之躯深深地连接在一起，也与所有易损坏的被造连接在一起。在基督里，上帝进入被造的生物组织，并且分担生物存在的命运。在道成肉身中，上帝成为耶稣，并且在他里面上帝成为人，分担被造最卑微的生活状况。本文研讨这概念的创造可能性，如何影响宣教及其他应受到关注的课题。
El concepto de missio Dei ha moldeado la teología de la misión. El creciente interés en la encarnación de Dios puede desempeñar un papel igualmente formativo, y es evidente en la misión del Consejo Mundial de Iglesias que se titula “Juntos por la vida” (2013). En la presente investigación, la terminología “encarnación profunda” se presenta de acuerdo al libro Incarnation: on the scope and depth of Christology (2015). Se explica como el Logos eterno de Dios hecho carne. Dios el creador y el mundo de la carne están unidos con tal profundidad que Dios se conecta con todas las criaturas vulnerables. En Cristo, Dios entra en el tejido biológico de la creación y comparte el destino de la existencia biológica. Como El encarnado, Dios es Jesús, y en Él Dios se hace humano compartiendo las condiciones de vida de los más pequeños de la creación. Se presta atención a las posibilidades creativas de este concepto, de cómo puede impactar a la misionología y a sus temas principales.
This article is in English.
Persecution and Social Resilience: The Case of the Ethiopian Pentecostals
Authors: Eshete Tibebe 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Persecution has long constituted part of the spiritual repertoire of evangelical Christians in Ethiopia. Ever since its introduction by Western missionaries, the new Christian faith has provided an alternative model to the one that pre-existed it in the form of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (eoc). The new dimension of Christianity that is anchored in the doctrine of personal salvation and sanctification provided a somewhat different template of what it means to be a Christian by choice rather than belonging to a preset culture. This was antithetical to the conventional mode of culturally and historically situated Christianity, which strongly lays emphasis on adherence to certain prescribed rituals like fasting, the observances of saintly days, and devotions to saints. Its introduction by foreigners is often contrasted with an indigenous faith tradition which is considered to have a long history dating back to the apostolic times. The tendency of evangelical Christians to disassociate themselves from the local culture, as emblematic of holiness and separation from the world, viewed from the other optic, lent it the label mete, literally “imported” or “of foreign extraction”. The state support the established church had garnered for a long time, plus its massive influences, also accorded the eoc a privileged position to exercise a dominant role in the social, political, and cultural life of the country.
This article explores the theme of persecution of Evangelical Christians in light of the above framework. It crucially examines the persecution of Pentecostals prior to the Ethiopian Revolution of 1974 and afterwards. Two reasons justify my choice. First, it lends the article a clear focus and secondly, Pentecostalism has been one of the potent vehicles for the expansion of evangelical Christianity in Ethiopia. I argue that the pre-revolutionary persecution stems from the fact that the Pentecostals presented some kind of spiritual shock waves to the familiar terrains of Christianity and that the main reason for their persecutions during the revolution was the fact that they countered hegemonic narratives that presented themselves in the form of Marxism, which became the doctrine of the state under the banner of “scientific socialism.”
A Critical Analysis of the Disjuncture between the Constitutional and Legislative Limits on the Right to Access to Information in Uganda
Authors: Ashukem Jean-Claude N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article critically analyses the disjuncture between the constitutional and legislative limits to the right to access to information in Uganda in order to determine its legal implication on the effectiveness of the exercise of the right to access to information in the country. It also demonstrates the role of Ugandan courts in interpreting the limitation of the right. In so doing, the article critically reviews Ugandan jurisprudence decided after the enactment of the access to information legislation in 2005, to evince how and the extent to which Ugandan courts have been able to grapple with the interpretation and the enforcement of the limitation of the right. Given these limitative differences, the article concludes that it is in the best interest of the Ugandan legislature to harmonise these differential limitations in order to permit ordinary citizen to effectively exercise their right, without which the exercise of the right will be a myth. It could also enable the courts to effectively interpret and enforce the limitation of the right when the context prevails.
An Early Childhood Illness of Ivan the Terrible
Authors: Soldat Cornelia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay analyzes the correspondence between Grand Prince Vasilii III and his wife Elena (née Glinskaia). Only Vasilii III’s part of this correspondence, consisting of five letters, has been preserved. All five letters reveal the grand prince’s great concern for his family’s health; and in particular, the letters describe an early childhood disease of the grand prince’s eldest son Ivan, the future Ivan IV (the Terrible). In an earlier analysis (in 1993) of the grand prince’s description of this illness found in these letters, Edward Keenan argued that the young boy likely suffered from tuberculosis or scrofula. In this essay, I reexamine the grand prince’s description of his son’s illness and argue against a pathologization of Ivan’s whole life based only on second-hand descriptions of a childhood illness by his father. From the letters themselves, as well as from contemporary physicians’ descriptions, there can be no certainty that the illness was ever anything more than an early childhood disease that passed, with no effect upon the later life of Tsar Ivan IV.
«Первое послание Ивана Грозного Андрею Курбскому» и политическая борьба в России в середине XVII века
Authors: Ляпин Денис А. 
Published: June 2019

АннотацияЭта статья посвящена «Первому посланию Ивана Грозного Андрею Курбскому» в контексте политической борьбы в России в середине XVII в. В это время происходили важные политические дискуссии о пределах царской власти, некоторые аристократы хотели ограничить влияние монарха, но простой народ был против этого. 2 июня 1648 г. в Москве начались народные волнения против правительства в поддержку сильной власти царя. 10 июня мятежники подали царю Алексею Михайловичу челобитную. В этом документе они излагали свои взгляды на высшую власть и использовали текстовые и идейные заимствования из пространной редакции «Первого послания Ивана Грозного».
Setting the Scene for an Environmental History of Late Antiquity
Authors: Izdebski Adam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Environmental history is a well-established discipline that until recently focused mainly on the modern era and was dominated by historians. Numerous scholars agree today that this needs to change: a focus on Late Antiquity can help this happen. To make it possible, we should concentrate our efforts on three parallel projects. First, make late antique studies more interdisciplinary, i.e. joining the efforts of historians, archaeologists and natural scientists. Second, look at Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages as a source of case studies that are relevant to the central themes of environmental history. Third, use environmental history as a new framework that has the potential to modify our vision of the 1st millennium AD, by getting us closer to the actual experience of the people who lived this past.
Maritime Boundary Disputes and Article 298 of UNCLOS
Authors: Sim Christine 
Published: June 2019

Maritime boundary disputes pose the most dangerous potential for conflict between States. Article 298 of UNCLOS was designed as a safety valve to allow exclusion of sensitive disputes arising out of contested maritime boundaries—but also to provide a safety net for peaceful resolution of all UNCLOS disputes. This paper offers views on four questions which remain unresolved. First, may States exclude obligations of restraint and cooperation under Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of UNCLOS from compulsory dispute settlement by an Article 298 declaration? Second, for submission to compulsory conciliation, what criteria should be used to decide if the dispute arose subsequent to the entry into force of UNCLOS? Third, does a court, arbitral tribunal or conciliation commission have jurisdiction to consider ‘mixed disputes’ involving land sovereignty or other rights? Fourth, what is the meaning of “shall, by mutual consent”—when conciliation fails to reach an agreement, are the parties bound to refer their dispute back to compulsory third party dispute settlement under section 2 of Part XV of UNCLOS?
Skills and Style in Heritage: The Woodworker Faḫr al-Dīn and his Son ʿAlī in the Mazandaran (Iran, ca. 1440-1500)
Authors: Aube Sandra 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the region of Mazandaran (Northern Iran) is preserved an outstanding corpus of wooden works associated with fifteenth-century tomb-towers. A large portion of these wooden panels bear the signature of a woodworker (or “carpenter”, najjār). These constitute a significant resource for the study of woodworking and woodworkers. This article presents two woodworkers from this exceptional corpus: Master Faḫr al-Dīn and his son, Master ʿAlī. The first is recorded in Sārī around the 840s/1440s, the latter in Bābul and Bābulsar between 876/1471-2 and 906/1500. Through an analysis of their remaining works of art, this article examines the stylistic evolution of these two craftsmen and the transmission of skills and models through a professional and familial regional network.
The Family and Professional Circle of Two Samarkand Calligraphers of Persian Belles-Lettres Around the Year 1600 (ca. 1010 AH)
Authors: Szuppe Maria 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The analysis of several extant manuscripts of the Šāhnāma epics and other Persian literary texts produced by two calligraphers, Ādīna Kātib Buḫārī (fl. 1595-1605) and Mīr Māh b. Mīr ʿArab (fl. 1592-1613), seemingly in the same atelier in Samarkand, opens up an interesting field of investigation. The latter copyist was a close relation of a renowned court calligrapher and Chief Librarian of the Shaybanid rulers of Bukhara, Mīr Ḥusayn “Kulangī” (fl. ca. 1535-85) who himself also specialized in the copy of Persian classical literature; more then 30 manuscripts by his hand are extant today. This article presents the available information on professional biographies of these calligraphers (introducing some hithertho unknown manuscripts), but also it touches upon the issues of the actual organization and practices of skill transmission and book production, some aspects of professional specialization, and the importance of transmission reference figure in professional and family contexts of the late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century Central Asia.
Some Aspects of Conversion Narratives in Late Safavid Iran and their Circulation: The Case of ʿAlī Akbar Armanī
Authors: Tiburcio Alberto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on a conversion narrative from the late Safavid period, the Iʿtirāf-nāma, written by an Armenian merchant known after his conversion as ʿAlī Akbar Armanī. The study addresses questions on the transmission of texts, the conventions of the genre of convert literature, and the socialization of converts into Muslim scholarly families. This study seeks to contextualize this text not only vis-à-vis the cultural and social milieu of religious minorities in the late Safavid period, but also within the wider history of the genre of convert literature.
Local Elites and Dynastic Succession: Tabriz prior to, under and following Mongol Rule (Sixth/Twelfth to Ninth/Fifteenth Centuries)
Authors: Zakrzewski Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article analyses the history of Tabriz from the late sixth/twelfth to the end of the ninth/fifteenth century. It develops the thesis that the local elites played an active and important role in determining a specific sequence of dynasties passing through the Mongols to the Safavids. Through a focus on two leading families, the analysis elucidates how Mongol rule transformed local society. Urban elites generally retained their status throughout the period, while rural elites gained new influence beginning with the time of Mongol rule.
Lingua araba in vecchi e nuovi media
Authors: Langone Angela Daiana 
Published: June 2019

Since the first years of the 21st century, the presence of the dialect varieties of Arabic (the so-called ʿāmmiyya or dāriǧa) outside the purely literary production increased a lot, and these informal varieties are nowadays frequently used in press, mass media, and obviously social networks.
This article intends to offer a general overview on the modalities by which, at the beginnings of this (relatively) new phenomenon, the Arabic dialects penetrated in both the old and new media.
After a focus on the graphic problems issued during the first attempts of written registration of the Arabic dialects (like in 3arabizi and e-darija), it deals also with the initiatives encouraged by some Moroccan magazines and newspapers (such as Ḫbār blādna, al-Amal, TelQuel and Nichane) that developed a highly controversial debate on the future of the linguistic policies in the country.
The Evolving Role of Environmental Rights in Climate Change Litigation
Authors: Preston Brian J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLitigation raising climate change issues has increased in the number and types of cases across a growing number of national and international jurisdictions. An emergent trend is litigation that invokes particular legal rights to address climate change issues. Referred to collectively in this article as ‘environmental rights,’ these include rights established under the public trust doctrine, as well as within the realms of constitutional and human rights, including the right to life and right to a quality environment. This article surveys the development of climate change litigation—in various jurisdictions around the world—in which parties have sought to invoke these environmental rights. In addition to examining how climate change litigation has adapted rights-based claims made in earlier, more traditional litigation, this article reviews recent significant cases and examines how this growing body of case law is contributing to an expansion in the content of fundamental rights in the climate change context.
Creating Customized Workforce Development Plans for Medium-to-Large Public Health Departments
Authors: Grimm Brandon , Arcari Christine , Ramos Athena , LeVan Tricia , Brandert Kathleen , King Keyonna , Siahpush Mohammad , Michaud Tzeyu , Johansson Patrik , Burke Charlotte , Topko Liene 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: The objectives of our study were to (1) illustrate a public health workforce assessment process in a medium-sized city or county health department and (2) demonstrate the insights gained by moving from the use of aggregate department-level and competency domain-level training needs results to more granular division-level and skills-level results when creating a workforce development plan. Methods: We used a 130-question needs assessment to guide the creation of a workforce development plan for the Lincoln Lancaster County Health Department (LLCHD) in Nebraska and its 7 divisions. Using SurveyMonkey, we administered the survey to 128 (of the 129) LLCHD public health staff members in June 2015. Using a Likert scale, respondents indicated (1) the importance of the skill to their work and (2) their capacity to carry out 57 skills in 8 domains of the core competencies for public health professionals. We identified training needs as those for which the percentage of respondents who perceived moderate-to-high importance was at least 15 percentage points higher than the percentage of respondents who perceived moderate-to-high capacity. Results: LLCHD as a department had training needs in only 2 competency domains: financial planning and management (importance-capacity difference, 15 percentage points) and policy development and program planning (importance-capacity difference, 19 percentage points). The Health Promotion and Outreach division had training needs in all 8 domains (importance-capacity difference range, 15-45 percentage points). Of the 57 skills, 41 were identified by at least 1 of the LLCHD divisions as having training needs. In 24 instances, a division did not qualify as having training needs in the overall domain yet did have training needs for specific skills within a domain. Conclusions: When performing public health workforce assessments, medium-to-large public health departments can obtain detailed workforce training needs results that pertain to individual skills and that are tailored to each of their divisions. These results may help customize and improve workforce development plans, ensuring that the workforce has the necessary skills to do its job.
Impact of Sinus Surgery on Hospital Utilization for Complications of Sinusitis
Authors: Pandrangi Vivek , Reiter Evan R. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Sinusitis complications are potentially lethal conditions that generally require extensive treatment and thus place a significant burden on the health-care system. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of surgery on hospital utilization associated with treatment of sinusitis complications. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using a national hospital database. The 2012 to 2013 National Inpatient Sample was queried for adult patients with sinusitis and complications. Patients were grouped based upon the presence or absence of sinus procedures. Patient demographics and health status, hospital characteristics, length of stay (LOS), and charges were determined. Results: Of 1645 patients with sinusitis and associated complications, 232 (14%) underwent sinus procedures. These patients had higher LOS (8.0 ± 7.3 days vs 4.3 ± 5.2 days; P < .001) and charges (US$96 107 ± 108 089 vs US$30 661 ± 47 138; P < .001) than nonprocedure patients. Increased time to procedure in one operation patients (n = 209) of more than 2 days increased total LOS (11.4 ± 9.3 days vs 6.2 ± 5.5 days; P < .001) and charges (US$120 306 ± 112 748 vs US$76 923 ± 81 185; P = .005). Patients with multiple sinus procedures (n = 23) versus one had increased LOS and charges, despite no time difference from admission to first procedure ( P = .35). On regression analysis, sinus procedure patients had excess LOS of 0.827 days and charges of US$36 949. Conclusion: Although often necessary, sinus procedures lead to increased LOS and charges. As prolonged time to sinus procedure and revision operations also increase charges, shorter trials of medical therapy and earlier surgical intervention may improve outcomes and reduce costs.