bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of saline versus gel as contact medium for ultrasonographic image quality
Authors: Williams George W. , Cai Chunyan , Artime Carlos A. , Teima Dalia , Emerald Andrew , Rajkumar Karuna Puttur 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the time taken to visualize the internal jugular vein and carotid arteries, and subjective image quality assessed on a 0–100 visual analogic scale, on an ultrasound model using either traditional ultrasound gel or normal saline.MethodsTwenty‐two anesthesiology residents and twenty anesthesiology faculty were blinded and randomized into four separate groups using gel and saline as a conduction medium, in different sequences.ResultsSubjective image quality was 12.2 ± 4.2 better with gel than with saline (P < 0.01). Image acquisition time did not differ significantly between the two mediums. There was no significant difference in subjective image quality or time to image acquisition between faculty and residents.ConclusionsInternal jugular vein and carotid artery identification time using ultrasonography were similar between gel and saline as conduction mediums. The difference in subjective image quality did not appear clinically relevant. Better image quality resulted in less time taken to identify the structures, as expected. We conclude that saline may be an effective alternative medium to gel for vessel imaging and access guidance. Further study in a clinical setting is warranted.
Cervical human papillomavirus among women in Guangdong, China 2008‐2017: Implication for screening and vaccination
Authors: Luo Ganfeng , Sun Xiaoli , Li Meijuan , Liu Tingyan , Hu Guiying , He Yu , Mao Lingzhi , Yan Lingmei , Xie Longxu , Zou Huachun , Luo Xiping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur study aimed to analyze genotype‐specific, age‐specific prevalence, and year‐on‐year trend of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) detection among women in Guangdong, China 2008 to 2017. A total of 199 963 women attending the gynecological department and 11 999 women attending the medical examination center at Guangdong Women and Children Hospital were included. Prevalent HPV detection significantly differed between these two groups of women (20.16% vs 17.25%; P < .001). HPV genotypes of these two populations have a large overlap, with HPV52, 16, 58, CP8304, and 53 being the dominant subtypes among gynecological outpatients and HPV52, CP8304, 58, 53, and 16 among women receiving physical examinations. The distribution of prevalent HPV detection showed a bimodal pattern across age groups among these two populations. However, prevalent HPV detection among these two populations exhibited different trends from 2008 to 2017. Our study demonstrated that prevalent HPV detection among women in Guangdong is associated with age and different from that among women from other regions of China. Our study may provide valuable data to inform cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs for women in this province.
p‐Cymene, a natural antioxidant, in Canadian total diet foods: occurrence and dietary exposures
Authors: Cao Xu‐Liang , Sparling Melissa , Dabeka Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a lack of information on the presence of volatile organic compounds including p‐cymene in foods for dietary exposure assessment. p‐Cymene is a monoterpene found in many plant species, which has been used as a flavouring agent in foods and also exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. While the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) has no safety concerns at current levels of intake when used as a flavouring, the current study examines p‐cymene levels in foods in general, not just from possible uses as a flavouring, as there could still be a potential health concern if there were high levels of exposure.RESULTS159 food composite samples from the 2014 Canadian Total Diet Study were analysed for p‐cymene using a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method after headspace solid‐phase microextraction. Concentrations of p‐cymene in the composite samples of most food types were generally low, with a maximum level of 73.5 μg g−1, detected in the composite sample of herbs and spices. Dietary exposures to p‐cymene were estimated for different age groups of Canadian populations.CONCLUSIONSAlthough p‐cymene was detected in various foods, estimated dietary exposures to p‐cymene for different age groups are well below the human intake threshold of toxicological concern established by JECFA of 1800 μg per person per day for structural class I flavours, which includes p‐cymene. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Natural color pigments: oxidative stability and degradation kinetics during storage in thermally pasteurized vegetable purees
Authors: Sonar Chandrashekhar R , Rasco Barbara , Tang Juming , Sablani Shyam S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPackage oxygen transmission rate (OTR) can affect the stability of natural color pigments such as anthocyanins, betalains and chlorophylls in foods during storage. In the present study, we investigated the oxygen sensitivity of selected pigments in thermally pasteurized vegetable purees held at a refrigeration temperature. We modulated the oxygen ingress in packaging using multilayer films with OTRs of 1, 30 and 81 cm3 m−2 day−1. Red cabbage, beetroot and pea purees were vacuum packed, pasteurized to achieve a cumulative lethality of = 12.8–13.4 min and stored at 7 °C for 80 days.RESULTSAnthocyanins were relatively stable (< 4% losses), regardless of the film OTR. Betalains showed the highest sensitivity to different OTRs, with total losses varying from 4% to 49% at the end of storage and showing significant differences (P < 0.05) among the three films. Chlorophylls showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in sensitivity to film OTRs. However, continuous degradation of chlorophylls was observed for all film types, with total chlorophyll losses ranging from 33% to 35%. Overall color differences (ΔE) at the end of storage for cabbage, beet and pea puree were between 0.50–1.70, 1.00–4.55 and 7.41–8.08, respectively. Betalains and chlorophylls degradation followed first‐order and fractional conversion kinetics, whereas ΔE followed zero‐order and fractional conversion kinetics during storage.CONCLUSIONAll three pigments behaved differently to oxygen ingress during storage. Low to medium barrier films are suitable for products containing red cabbage anthocyanins. High barrier films are must for betalains, whereas medium to high barrier films are suitable for chlorophyll‐containing products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Pre‐véraison treatment of salicylic acid to enhance anthocyanin content of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berries
Authors: Oraei Mehdi , Panahirad Sima , Zaare‐Nahandi Fariborz , Gohari Gholamreza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape berries produce significant amounts of phenolic compounds. These are an essential qualitative factor due to their nutritional value and effect on berry color and texture. Salicylic acid (SA) and its derivatives usually lead to enhancement of phenolic content in plant tissues. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of SA (0.0, 50.0, 100.0, and 200.0 mM) on the production of phenolic compounds and the derivatives (anthocyanin and flavonoid) in the grape berries, with emphasis on malvidin‐3‐O‐β glucoside as a regular anthocyanin in red grapes.RESULTThe results showed that total phenolics content were significantly enhanced in SA‐treated (100.0 and 200.0 mM) berries compared to untreated ones. Salicylic acid treatment at all concentrations considerably improved the anthocyanin content in the berries and, compared with untreated berries, the accumulation of malvidin‐3‐O‐β glucoside was higher in SA‐treated fruits. In particular, the 200.0 mM concentration caused approximately two times more malvidin‐3‐O‐β glucoside than the control. The 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity of the fruits treated with SA were significantly higher than those of the untreated berries. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in SA treated fruits significantly increased as compared with the untreated clusters.CONCLUSIONA general evaluation of the current results leads us to the conclusion that SA is a suitable and recommendable treatment for improving and increasing the phenolic and antioxidant capacity of grape berries. Spraying grape berries at pre‐véraison stage with SA could therefore be a convenient strategy to increase quality and nutritional value of grape berries considerably. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Metabolite profiling and quantification of phytochemicals of Tianma–Gouteng granule in human and rat urine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Wang Lu , Lu Bin , Qi Wen , Jiao Fuying , Zhang Hong , Yuan Dan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTianma–Gouteng granule has been used for the treatment of hypertension, headache, and stroke in China. However, the metabolism of Tianma–Gouteng granule has not been clear. In the present study, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method has been developed for rapid identification of 35 prototypes and 43 metabolites in human and rat urine after single oral administration of Tianma–Gouteng granule. The results showed that glucuronidation and sulfation were the main metabolic pathways for flavonoids, alkaloids, iridoidic glycosides, anthraquinones, phenols, and stilbenes that were found in Tianma–Gouteng granule. Moreover, a validated ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method was applied for the quantification of 14 compounds in rat urine after an oral administration of Tianma–Gouteng granule (2.5 g/kg). During 0–48 h after dosing, the cumulative excretion rates of nine prototype components were 53% for gastrodin, 0.07∼1.6% for geniposide, baicalin and baicalein, wogonoside, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, leonurine, and emodin, indicating that urinary excretion is the major way for gastrodin to eliminate from the body. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of metabolism and excretive kinetics of Tianma–Gouteng granule in human and/or rat, and helpful information for screening of its active components in vivo and clinical application.
Exposure to Genocide and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Kodesh Arad , Levav Itzhak , Levine Stephen Z 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCompeting hypotheses stating that past genocide exposure reduces (owing to resilience) versus increases (owing to vulnerabilities) the risk of dementia are yet to receive empirical support. This study tested these competing hypotheses. Registry data were extracted on 51,752 Israeli residents without dementia from September 2002 to January 2012; individuals were born between 1901 and 1945, alive on January 2012, and followed‐up for the risk of dementia between January 2013 and October 2017. Groups were classified as exposed to the European Holocaust, based on government recognition, or unexposed. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox regression models were used to quantify the risk of dementia between the groups, adjusting for demographic and diagnostic covariates; additionally, 12 sensitivity analyses were computed. In total 10,780 participants (20.8%) were exposed to the Holocaust and 5,584 (10.8%) were diagnosed with dementia during follow‐up. Dementia rates were 16.5% in the Holocaust‐exposed group and 9.3% in the unexposed group. In the primary analysis, the estimated unadjustedHRof dementia for the exposed compared to the unexposed group was 1.77, 95% CI [1.67, 1.87], and the adjustedHRwas 1.21, 95% CI [1.15, 1.28]. Sensitivity analyses significantly replicated the primary results with similar point estimates, adjustedHRs = 1.18–1.28, allps < .001; allHRs had a small effect size. The current study results are consistent with the hypothesis that exposure to the extreme adversities of genocide heightens vulnerability to the risk of dementia in later life.
Lymph node yield from neck dissection in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Stadler Michael , Massey Becky , Campbell Bruce , Shukla Monica , Awan Musaddiq , Schultz Christopher J. , Wong Stuart , Jackson Ryan S. , Pipkorn Patrick 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the influence of nodal yield during neck dissection on survival in surgically managed human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with HPV‐associated tumor T1 to T2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent upfront surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Patients were stratified by lymph node yield (<26 vs. ≥26 nodes). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with overall survival. Models were stratified by pathologically positive node number.ResultsThere were 2,554 patients identified with previously untreated T1 to T2 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent resection of the primary tumor and neck dissection between 2010 and 2015. Fifty‐two percent had zero to one pathologically involved lymph node. Among all study patients, lymph node harvest of ≥26 was not associated with survival when adjusted for relevant covariates (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–1.00). However, in patients with zero to one pathologically involved node, lymph node harvest of ≥26 was significantly associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.20–0.78). This survival benefit was lost in patients with two or more positive nodes (2–4 positive nodes: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.52–1.51; 5 or more positive nodes: HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.47–2.20).ConclusionFor patients with surgically managed early T‐stage HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, lymph node yield was not associated with survival outcomes for patients with multiple positive lymph nodes. Those with a more limited burden of regional metastatic disease, however, may benefit harvest of at least 26 nodes during neck dissection.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:666–671, 2020
A new solid‐state mode of hot corrosion at temperatures below 700°C
Authors: Kistler Emily , Chen Wei‐Ting , Meier Gerald H. , Gleeson Brian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPreliminary results on a single‐crystal nickel‐based superalloy indicated that hot corrosion can occur at temperatures as low as 550°C, where liquid formation, generally believed to be responsible for Type II hot corrosion, is not predicted. Additional tests were conducted on pure‐nickel samples at 650°C and below to more clearly elucidate the mechanism of this very low‐temperature hot corrosion. Environments in dry air and O2‐(2.5, 10, 100, and 1000) ppm SO2 were studied. Based on the results obtained, a solid‐state corrosion mechanism was inferred. The mechanism relies on the formation of a previously unreported compound phase, which was identified using transmission electron microscope analysis that indicated the stoichiometry of Na2Ni2SO5. Furthermore, it was nanocrystalline in structure and metastable. It was deduced that the Na2Ni2SO5 formation was responsible for the rapid nickel transport required for the observed accelerated corrosion process. Moreover, its eventual decomposition resulted in a mixed product of porous NiO with embedded particles of Na2SO4. Application of the proposed mechanism to nickel‐based alloys is discussed.
circ‐PKD2 inhibits carcinogenesis via the miR‐204‐3p/APC2 axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Gao Ling , Zhao Chenyang , Li Shaoming , Dou Zhichao , Wang Qibo , Liu Jiacheng , Ren Wenhao , Zhi Keqian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent ﬁndings have shown that dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is implicated in various cancers. However, the contribution of circRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unexplored. We screened circRNA expression profiles using a circRNA microarray in paired OSCC and normal tissues and explored the clinical significance of a downregulated circRNA, circ‐PKD2. Moreover, the biological function of circ‐PKD2 in OSCC was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. We found that downregulation of circ‐PKD2 in OSCC correlated signiﬁcantly with aggressive characteristics. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of circ‐PKD2 inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, which were promoted by knockdown of circ‐PKD2. In addition, circ‐PKD2 was identified as a sponge for miR‐204‐3p and upregulated the expression of adenomatous polyposis coli 2 (APC2), which was the functional target of miR‐204‐3p. Moreover, circ‐PKD2 attenuated the oncogenic effects of miR‐204‐3p‐mediated APC2 on OSCC progression via multiple signaling pathways. These results demonstrate that the circ‐PKD2/miR‐204‐3p/APC2 axis represents a novel pathway involved in the pathogenesis of OSCC and may serve as a novel therapeutic target of OSCC.
Randomized phase I clinical trial of anti–α‐synuclein antibody BIIB054
Authors: Brys Miroslaw , Fanning Laura , Hung Serena , Ellenbogen Aaron , Penner Natalia , Yang Minhua , Welch Mackenzie , Koenig Erica , David Eric , Fox Tara , Makh Shavy , Aldred Jason , Goodman Ira , Pepinsky Blake , Liu YuTing , Graham Danielle , Weihofen Andreas , Cedarbaum Jesse M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathological and genetic evidence implicates toxic effects of aggregated α‐synuclein in the pathophysiology of neuronal dysfunction and degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Immunotherapy targeting aggregated α‐synuclein is a promising strategy for delaying disease progression.ObjectiveThis study (NCT02459886) evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of BIIB054, a human‐derived monoclonal antibody that preferentially binds to aggregated α‐synuclein, in healthy volunteers and participants with Parkinson's disease.MethodsA total of 48 healthy volunteers (age 40–65, 19 women) and 18 Parkinson's disease participants (age 47–75, 5 women, Hoehn and Yahr stage ≤2.5) were in the study. Volunteers were enrolled into 6 single‐dose cohorts of BIIB054 (range 1–135 mg/kg) or placebo, administered intravenously; Parkinson's disease participants received a single dose of BIIB054 (15 or 45 mg/kg) or placebo. All participants were evaluated for 16 weeks with clinical, neuroimaging, electrocardiogram, and laboratory assessments. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid BIIB054 concentrations were measured. BIIB054/α‐synuclein complexes were measured in plasma.ResultsMost adverse events were mild and assessed by investigators as unrelated to the study drug. Pharmacokinetic parameters for volunteers and the Parkinson's disease participants were similar. BIIB054 serum exposure and maximum concentrations were dose proportional during the dose range studied. In volunteers and the Parkinson's disease participants, the serum half‐life of BIIB054 was 28 to 35 days; the cerebrospinal fluid–to‐serum ratio ranged from 0.13% to 0.56%. The presence of BIIB054/α‐synuclein complexes in plasma was confirmed; all Parkinson's disease participants showed almost complete saturation of the BIIB054/α‐synuclein complex formation.ConclusionsBIIB054 has favorable safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic profiles in volunteers and Parkinson's disease participants, supporting further clinical development. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Retracted: Long non‐coding RNA NORAD promotes the occurrence and development of non‐small cell lung cancer by adsorbing MiR‐656‐3p
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Qin Shaoyun , Gu Yinan , Pan Huaqin , Bian Dachen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the role of non‐coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD), a long non‐coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA), in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its possible mechanism.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was adopted for the detection of the expression levels of NORAD, micro RNA (miR)‐656‐3p, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). The effects of NORAD, miR‐656‐3p, and AKT1 on cell proliferation and migration were examined through the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Transwell assay. Subsequently, the binding relationships between miR‐656‐3p and AKT1 and between miR‐656‐3p and NORAD were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action of NORAD and miR‐656‐3p were explored through the torsion experiment.ResultsThe lncRNA NORAD expression level in NSCLC patients was notably higher than that in people in control group, that in patients with metastasis was higher than that in patients without metastasis, and that in patients with NSCLC in stage III‐IV was significantly higher than that in patients with NSCLC in stage I‐II. Elevation of NORAD stimulated the proliferation and migration of NSCLC A549/H460 cells. According to the reporter gene assay, NORAD could bind to miR‐656‐3p. Besides, miR‐656‐3p was significantly under‐expressed in cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC, and overexpression of miR‐656‐3p could block the proliferation and migration of A549/H460 cells and reversed promotion on cell proliferation and migration by NORAD. Furthermore, the reporter gene assay revealed that the overexpression of AKT1, a miR‐656‐3p target gene, could reverse miR‐656‐3p's inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of A549/H460 cells.ConclusionLncRNA NORAD is capable of promoting the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, and its mechanism may be that it increases the AKT1 expression by adsorbing miR‐656‐3p.
Rational Design, Structure–Activity Relationship, and Immunogenicity of Hypoallergenic Pru p 3 Variants
Authors: Eichhorn Stephanie , Hörschläger Angelika , Steiner Markus , Laimer Josef , Jensen Bettina M , Versteeg Serge A , Pablos Isabel , Briza Peter , Jongejan Laurian , Rigby Neil , Asturias Juan A , Portolés Antonio , Fernandez‐Rivas Montserrat , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G , Mari Adriano , Poulsen Lars K , Lackner Peter , van Ree Ronald , Ferreira Fatima , Gadermaier Gabriele 
Published: June 2019

ScopeAllergies to lipid transfer proteins involve severe adverse reactions; thus, effective and sustainable therapies are desired. Previous attempts disrupting disulfide bonds failed to maintain immunogenicity; thus, the aim is to design novel hypoallergenic Pru p 3 variants and evaluate the applicability for treatment of peach allergy.Methods and resultsPru p 3 proline variant (PV) designed using in silico mutagenesis, cysteine variant (CV), and wild‐type Pru p 3 (WT) are purified from Escherichia coli. Variants display homogenous and stable protein conformations with an altered secondary structure in circular dichroism. PV shows enhanced long‐term storage capacities compared to CV similar to the highly stable WT. Using sera of 33 peach allergic patients, IgE‐binding activity is reduced by 97% (PV) and 71% (CV) compared to WT. Both molecules show strong hypoallergenicity in Pru p 3 ImmunoCAP cross‐inhibition and histamine release assays. Immunogenicity of PV is demonstrated with a phosphate‐based adjuvant formulation in a mouse model.ConclusionsAn in silico approach is used to generate a PV without targeting disulfide bonds, T cell epitopes, or previously reported IgE epitopes of Pru p 3. PV is strongly hypoallergenic while structurally stable and immunogenic, thus representing a promising candidate for peach allergen immunotherapy.