bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CARE Dose 4D combined with sinogram‐affirmed iterative reconstruction improved the image quality and reduced the radiation dose in low dose CT of the small intestine
Authors: Wang Lin , Gong Shenchu , Yang Jushun , Zhou Jie , Xiao Jing , Gu Jin‐hua , Yang Hong , Zhu Jianfeng , He Bosheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveMultislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been used for diagnosis of small intestinal diseases. However, the radiation dose is a big problem. This study was to investigate whether CARE Dose 4D combined with sinogram‐affirmed iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE) can provide better image quality at a lower dose for imaging small intestinal diseases compared to MSCT.MethodsThe noise reduction ability of SAFIRE was assessed by scanning the plain water mold using SOMATOM Definition Flash double‐source spiral CT. CT images at each stage of radiography for 239 patients were obtained. The patients were divided into groups A and B were based on different tube voltage and current or the image recombination methods. The images were restructured using with filtered back projection (FBP) and SAFIRE (S1–S5). The contrast noise ratio (CNR), CT Dose index (CTDI), subjective scoring, and objective scoring were compared to obtain the best image and reformation parameters at different stages of CT.ResultsTwenty‐six restructuring patterns of tube voltage and current were obtained by FBP and SAFIRE. The average radiation dose using CARE Dose 4D combined with SAFIRE (S4–S5) reduced approximately 74.85% compared to conditions where the tube voltage of 100 kV and tube current of 131 mAs for patients with MSCT small intestinal CT enterography at plain CT scan, arterial stage, small intestine, and portal venous phase. The objective and subjective scoring were all significantly different among groups A and B at each stage.ConclusionsCombination of CARE Dose 4D and SAFIRE is shown to decrease the radiation dose while maintaining image quality.
Plasticized Hybrid Network Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Huang Ziyin , Pan Qiwei , Smith Derrick M. , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncorporating solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) into lithium metal batteries has the benefit of employing the electrolyte as the electrode separator while inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites. The two main models on lithium dendrite growth show that either ionic conductivity or mechanical property affect lithium dendrite nucleation and growth rate. In this work, with a well‐controlled hybrid network SPE as the model system, the modulus and conductivity of the hybrid SPEs are systematically tuned by plasticizing the network with low molecular with diluents. This systematic property control allows for establishing the correlation between mechanical/electrochemical properties of the SPEs with their propensity of lithium dendrite resistance using galvanostatic polarization and cycling experiments. It is further demonstrated that lithium metal batteries can be operated at 30 °C for the plasticized SPEs due to the dramatically improved conductivity.
Self‐Assembled Ag–TiN Hybrid Plasmonic Metamaterial: Tailorable Tilted Nanopillar and Optical Properties
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Jian Jie , Zhou Zhiguang , Fan Cuncai , Dai Yaomin , Li Leigang , Huang Jijie , Sun Jianing , Donohue Andrea , Bermel Peter , Zhang Xinghang , Chen Hou‐Tong , Wang Haiyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKey challenges limiting the adoption of metallic plasmonic nanostructures for practical devices include structural stability and the ease of large‐scale fabrication. Overcoming these issues may require novel metamaterial fabrication with potentials for improved durability under extreme conditions. Here, a self‐assembled growth of a hybrid plasmonic metamaterial in thin‐film form is reported, with epitaxial Ag nanopillars embedded in TiN, a mechanically strong and chemically inert matrix. One of the key achievements lies in the successful control of the tilt angle of the Ag nanopillars (from 0° to 50°), which is attributed to the interplay between the growth kinetics and thermodynamics during deposition. Such an anisotropic nature offered by the tilted Ag nanopillars in TiN matrix is crucial for achieving broadband, asymmetric optical selectivity. Optical spectra coupled with numerical simulations demonstrate strong plasmonic resonance, as well as angular selectivity in a broad UV–vis to near‐infrared regime. The nanostructured metamaterials in this work, which consist of highly conductive metallic nanopillars in a durable nitride matrix, have the potential to serve as a novel hybrid material platform for highly tailorable nanoscale metamaterial designs, suitable for high temperature optical applications.
Direct β‐Selective Styrylation of BODIPY Dyes via Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization
Authors: Wang Jun , Wu Qinghua , Gong Qingbao , Cheng Kai , Liu Qingyun , Yu Changjiang , Hao Erhong , Jiao Lijuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA general and efficient method for direct β‐selective styrylation of BODIPYs has been developed based on Palladium(II)‐catalyzed oxidative C−H functionalization. The high β‐regioselectivity was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The resulting dyes showed bathochromically shifted absorption and emission compared to that of the starting BODIPYs. This strategy, as a late‐stage approach to rapidly assemble a diversity‐oriented BODIPY library, provides a straightforward way to extend the conjugation of the BODIPY system at 2,6‐positions.magnified image
A Fully Transparent, Flexible, Sensitive, and Visible‐Blind Ultraviolet Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotube–Graphene Hybrid
Authors: Pyo Soonjae , Choi Jungwook , Kim Jongbaeg 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTransparent and flexible UV sensors have attracted considerable attention for use in portable/wearable optoelectronic systems. Although UV sensors based on photoactive nanomaterials have been reported for such applications, achieving full transparency and flexibility remains a challenge because they still rely on opaque or brittle electrodes. Here, a fully transparent, flexible, and highly sensitive UV sensor based on 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs)–2D graphene hybrid is demonstrated. Under UV illumination, oxygen molecules on the CNT surfaces are desorbed by photoinduced plasmon energy, leading to a significant decrease in hole concentration, and correspondingly an increase in the electrical resistance of CNT. The combination of CNT and graphene minimizes the effect of contact resistance and facilitates effective charge transfer between them without potential barrier, resulting in a high photoresponse, which is 30 times as high as that of Au‐electrode‐based CNT sensor. Simultaneously, CNT–graphene UV sensor shows remarkable transparency (over 80% at 550 nm) and outstanding mechanical flexibility without any significant change in electrical resistance for 500 cycles at a bending radius of 5.5 mm. The integration of CNT–graphene hybrid onto flexible substrates through scalable microfabrication is expected to provide exciting opportunities for the development of high performance, optically and mechanically invisible optoelectronic devices.
Evidence for increased genetic risk load for major depression in patients assigned to electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Foo Jerome C. , Streit Fabian , Frank Josef , Witt Stephanie H. , Treutlein Jens ,   Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Baune Bernhard T. , Moebus Susanne , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Forstner Andreas J. , Nöthen Markus M. , Rietschel Marcella , Sartorius Alexander , Kranaster Laura 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe and treatment‐resistant depression; disorder severity and unfavorable treatment outcomes are shown to be influenced by an increased genetic burden for major depression (MD). Here, we tested whether ECT assignment and response/nonresponse are associated with an increased genetic burden for major depression (MD) using polygenic risk score (PRS), which summarize the contribution of disease‐related common risk variants. Fifty‐one psychiatric inpatients suffering from a major depressive episode underwent ECT. MD‐PRS were calculated for these inpatients and a separate population‐based sample (n = 3,547 healthy; n = 426 self‐reported depression) based on summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium MDD‐working group (Cases: n = 59,851; Controls: n = 113,154). MD‐PRS explained a significant proportion of disease status between ECT patients and healthy controls (p = .022, R2 = 1.173%); patients showed higher MD‐PRS. MD‐PRS in population‐based depression self‐reporters were intermediate between ECT patients and controls (n.s.). Significant associations between MD‐PRS and ECT response (50% reduction in Hamilton depression rating scale scores) were not observed. Our findings indicate that ECT cohorts show an increased genetic burden for MD and are consistent with the hypothesis that treatment‐resistant MD patients represent a subgroup with an increased genetic risk for MD. Larger samples are needed to better substantiate these findings.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation of ortho‐Alkenyl Anilides with Alkynes: Formation of Unexpected Naphthalene Adducts
Authors: Seoane Andrés , Comanescu Cezar , Casanova Noelia , García‐Fandiño Rebeca , Diz Xabier , Mascareñas José L. , Gulías Moisés 
Published: December 2018

Abstracto‐Alkenyl N‐triflylanilides underwent rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxidative annulations with alkynes to produce different types of naphthylamides in a process which involves the cleavage of two C−H bonds. Remarkably, besides formal dehydrogenative (4C+2C) cycloadducts, the reaction also produces variable amounts of isomeric naphthylamides, whose formation requires a formal migration of the alkenyl moiety from the ortho to the meta position of the anilide. The annulation reaction can be efficiently carried out in the absence of external oxidants, such as Cu(OAc)2.
Manipulation of Spiroindolenine Intermediates for Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐(Indol‐3‐yl)‐Pyrrolidines
Authors: Xia Zi‐Lei , Zheng Chao , Liang Xiao‐Wei , Cai Yue , You Shu‐Li 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBy manipulating the reactivity of spiroindolenine species, a sequential Michael/retro‐Mannich/Mannich reaction of ω‐indol‐3‐yl α,β‐unsaturated ketones was developed. In the presence of 10 mol % of a chiral phosphoric acid as the catalyst, a series of 3‐(indol‐3‐yl)‐pyrrolidines were synthesized in high yields (up to 91 %) with excellent stereoselectivities (up to 92 % ee, >19:1 d.r.). The products obtained here undergo diverse functional‐group transformations. The mechanistic proposal of this reaction is supported by DFT calculations.
Structure, atomic Hirshfeld surface, spectroscopic studies and magnetic and dielectric properties of new mixed solid solution (NH4)2Mn0.17Cu0.83Cl4⋅2H2O
Authors: Messoudi Nouha , Valente Manuel Almeida , Dhahri Essebti , Loukil Mohamed 
Published: December 2018

The tetrachlorocupratmanganate dehydrate (NH4)2Mn0.17Cu0.83Cl4⋅2H2O has been prepared and characterized using various physicochemical techniques including Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopies, differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric and magnetic measurements. A preliminary single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction structural analysis reveals that the title compound belongs to the tetragonal system with P4(2)/mnm space group. The unit cell dimensions are: a = b = 7.5817(2), c = 7.9312(2) Å, with Z = 2. Its crystal structure was determined and refined down to R = 2%. The structure of this compound consists of discrete [Cu/MnCl4⋅2H2O]2− octahedra interleaved with alkali cations. The cohesion and stabilization of the structure are provided by hydrogen bond interactions (N─H…Cl and O─H…Cl) between [NH4]+ cation and [Cu/MnCl4⋅2H2O]2− anion. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been performed to explore the behaviour of these weak interactions. Dielectric measurements confirm the transition temperatures determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility was measured in the temperature range 10–300 K at various magnetic field intensities. Magnetic measurements reveal the occurrence of weak ferromagnetic behaviour at low temperature (Tc = 12 K). The ferromagnetic ordering is further confirmed by the presence of hysteresis loops.
Effect of electron‐beam irradiation on the thermal vulcanization of a natural rubber compound
Authors: Espósito Leandro H. , Marzocca Angel J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe influence of electron‐beam irradiation on the thermal vulcanization curing kinetics of a natural rubber compound was investigated by means of rheometric tests [moving die rheometry (MDR)] and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Differences in the storage moduli of compounds with different radiation doses were observed and assigned to a plasticizer effect by the zinc stearate mainly formed in the mixing stages; this compound migrated to the interphase region. This fact was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. From the measurements performed by MDR and DSC testing, the induction time (to) was analyzed in the frame of the Claxton–Liska model, whereas the kinetic behavior of the nonirradiated and pre‐irradiated compounds were satisfactorily fitted with the Isayev–Deng and Kamal–Ryan models. Additionally, both curing characterization techniques corroborated the fact that the pre‐irradiated rubber compound showed an earlier t
o and a lower activation energy in comparison with the nonirradiated compound. These facts were attributed to the effect of irradiation on the free sulfur content present in the rubber compound, which promoted more activated precursor species to crosslink with rubber. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47216.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide‐based core–shell structured beads for thermally conductive epoxy composites
Authors: Doan Vu Chi , Vu Minh Canh , Islam Md. Akhtarul , Kim Sung‐Ryong 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThermally conductive epoxy nanocomposite with core–shell structured filler beads has been prepared. The core represents plasma‐treated poly(methyl methacrylate) bead, and the shell, amine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (frGO) sheets. The negatively charged core and the positively charged shell form core–shell unified structure through electrostatic attraction and the conductive bridges are formed among neighboring filler particles in the composite mass. The epoxy composite prepared with these core–shell structured filler shows a thermal conductivity of 0.72 W m−1 K−1 for an overall frGO concentration of as low as 0.96 wt %. Pal model has been applied to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity of frGO sheets that have been realized in the epoxy composition. Assuming the maximum possible volume packing fraction of the spherical beads for random jamming to be equal to 0.63, the effective thermal conductivity has been estimated as 280 W m−1 K−1. Evaluation of the effective thermal conductivity is a step forward to in‐depth study of real contribution of the highly conductive fillers in the polymer composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47377.
Wiener Blut
Authors: Stein Torsten 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Wiener Arzt und Bakteriologe Karl Landsteiner zählt zu den bedeutensten Persönlichkeiten der Medizingeschichte. 1901 entdeckte er das AB0‐System der menschlichen Blutgruppen, 1940 den Rhesusfaktor und damit die zwei wichtigsten Faktoren zur Blutspezifikation, wodurch Bluttransfusionen möglich wurden. Landsteiner gilt als Vater der Immunologie und ist darüber hinaus zu wichtigen Erkenntnissen in Mikrobiologie und Virolologie gelangt. 2018 markiert ein Doppeljubiläum: Am 14. Juni wäre Landsteiner 150 Jahre alt geworden – vor 75 Jahren ist er gestorben.
Sustainable employment opportunities for persons with disabilities in Ghana: Exploring perceptions and participation in agriculture
Authors: Agyei‐Okyere Elvis , Nketsia William , Opoku Maxwell Peprah , Torgbenu Eric Lawer , Alupo Beatrice Atim , Odame Lois 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnemployment and the corollary of poverty among persons with disabilities have been well explored in the literature. As part of its global efforts to eradicate poverty, the United Nations, through its sustainable development goals, has urged countries to create economic opportunities for all persons to participate in income‐generating activities. In Ghana, agriculture has been described as the backbone of the economy and the main source of employment and livelihood for many. However, it appears that policymakers are yet to explore how agriculture could create sustainable employment opportunities for persons with disabilities. This study makes a major contribution to research on the eradication of poverty among persons with disabilities by exploring their participation and experiences in agriculture‐related activities. One‐on‐one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 19 persons with disabilities from three communities in a district in Ghana. A recurrent theme was that agriculture was a way through which the Ghanaian government could create employment for persons with disabilities. However, the participants recounted formidable barriers that affect their participation in agriculture: lack of land, funds and farming tools, and negative attitudes. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to engage with persons with disabilities to identify possible ways to assist their participation in agriculture.
Facing social fears: How do improved participants experience change in mindfulness‐based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder?
Authors: Hjeltnes Aslak , Moltu Christian , Schanche Elisabeth , Jansen Ylva , Binder Per‐Einar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundClinical trials indicate that mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR) may be effective for social anxiety disorder (SAD), but little is known about how young adults with SAD experience this intervention.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore how improved participants experience the process of change in MBSR for SAD.MethodWe used a two‐staged mixed methods design to identify participants with reliable and clinically significant improvement on primary outcome measures after an eight‐week MBSR programme (n = 11), and analyse qualitative interviews to explore how they experienced their own process of change. The interviews were analysed using a hermeneutic‐phenomenological thematic analysis.ResultsThematic analysis revealed five main themes: (1) Using awareness of the body to sense that you are actually here right now, (2) Establishing a space that enables you to see negative thoughts for what they are, (3) Allowing fear and shyness through sustained awareness of physical sensations, (4) Transforming an experience of being inferior with kindness and self‐acceptance, and (5) Discovering new ways of engaging with other people.ConclusionsParticipants described increased awareness and acceptance of sensations, thoughts and feelings, as well as greater self‐acceptance and improved interpersonal relationships during the MBSR programme. Future studies are needed to understand how and why individuals change in mindfulness‐based interventions for SAD.
In‐hospital outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve repair with Mitraclip in patients with pulmonary hypertension: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ahmed Abdelrahman , Akintoye Emmanuel , Adegbala Oluwole , Yassin Ahmed , Subahi Ahmed , Bangura Lamin , Abubakar Hossam , Elder Mahir , Shokr Mohamed , Afonso Luis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundPeriprocedural outcomes of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) with Mitraclip in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not well studied.MethodsPatients who underwent TMVR with Mitraclip between 2011 and 2015 were identified using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). All missing variables were excluded from the analysis and therefore, complete case analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 1,037 patients underwent TMVR with Mitraclip between 2011 and 2015. The prevalence of PH in these patients was 32.6%. In‐hospital outcomes were compared between PH group and non‐PH group. Inpatient mortality after TMVR was similar between the two groups (3.2% vs. 2.1%, OR 1.57, P = 0.335). There was no statistical significance between the two groups in the rates of hemorrhage requiring transfusion (8.5% vs. 7.2%, OR 1.17, P = 0.587), cardiogenic shock (4.4% vs. 4.5%, OR 0.98, P = 0.951), acute respiratory failure (15.2% vs. 13.1%, OR 1.23, P = 0.460), postoperative sepsis (2.75% vs. 3.9%, OR 0.66, P = 0.340), postoperative deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (2.7% vs. 3.9%, OR 1.98, P = 0.348). In addition, non‐routine home discharge, median hospital cost and length of stay were similar between the two groups.ConclusionPre‐existing PH in patients undergoing TMVR with Mitraclip does not adversely affect in‐hospital outcomes in this cohort of patients. Therefore, PH does not carry a prohibitive risk in selecting patients for Mitraclip procedure.
Olefin Polymerization Reactivity of Group 4 Post‐Metallocene Catalysts Bearing a Four‐Membered C(sp3)‐Donor Chelate Ring
Authors: Liu Cham‐Chuen , Liu Qian , Lo Po‐Kam , Lau Kai‐Chung , Yiu Shek‐Man , Chan Michael C. W. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe synthesis, spectroscopic and structural characterization, and olefin polymerization behavior of a family of pyridine‐2‐phenolate‐6‐arylmethine [O,N,CH(Ar)] Group 4 catalysts bearing a four‐membered N,C(sp3)‐donor metallacycle are described. The racemic [O,N,CH(Ar)] complexes adopt C1 symmetry, as confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. Advanced NMR experiments have been conducted to probe for possible C−H⋅⋅⋅F−C interactions within fluorinated derivatives. Use of a bis‐pyridyl ligand (Ar=py) resulted in the formation of C2v‐symmetric [O,NCHN] complexes containing a six‐membered partially delocalized N,N‐donor chelate. All complexes have been evaluated as ethylene polymerization catalysts. Notably, the Ti derivatives in conjunction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/iBu3Al display excellent catalytic efficiencies (TOF over 4×105 h−1 [atm C2H4]−1) at 22 °C, and are considerably more active than previously reported Ti−[O,N,C(σ‐aryl)] relatives. DFT calculations have been performed to gain insights into catalytic behavior. These studies indicate that although the ethylene assimilation process (comprising initial ethylene insertion into the Ti−C(methine) bond of the four‐membered chelate) is accessible, there exists a kinetic preference for normal chain propagation for some catalysts. The DFT results for the Ti−[O,N,CH(Ar)] (Ar=Ph) catalyst are consistent with the narrow molecular weight distributions of the polymers produced (Mw/Mn down to 2.2), suggesting close to single‐site character.