bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombotic Effect of Artemisia princeps Pampanini Extracts in Vitro and in FeCl3‐Induced Thrombosis Rats
Authors: Kim Kyeong Jin , Kim Min Seo , Seok Pu Reum , Shin Jae‐Ho , Kim Ji Yeon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtracts of several plants possess antithrombotic effects. Herein, we examined the antithrombotic effects of different extracts of Artemisia princeps Pampanini prepared using distilled water, hot distilled water, 70% ethanol, or subcritical water. The antithrombotic effects were determined using a co‐culture system consisting of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐treated EA.hy926 cells and THP‐1 cells. In addition, the coagulation time of plasma collected from healthy volunteers was evaluated in terms of the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. A carotid arterial thrombosis model was induced by ferric chloride in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were treated with either sterile water or three different doses of the subcritical water extract for 2 weeks. The thrombus weight, gene expression of cell adhesion molecules, and histological characteristics were assessed. The results of in vitro studies revealed a significant inhibition in the adhesion of monocytes to EA.hy926 cells stimulated by TNF‐α in the subcritical water extract‐treated group. We also observed considerable suppression of the occlusion and mRNA expression of cell adhesion molecules in the in vivo experiments. This study suggests that Artemisia princeps Pampanini may have the potential to improve blood coagulation.
Efficacy of EGFR‐TKIs with or without upfront brain radiotherapy for EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients with central nervous system metastases
Authors: Saida Yu , Watanabe Satoshi , Abe Tetsuya , Shoji Satoshi , Nozaki Koichiro , Ichikawa Kosuke , Kondo Rie , Koyama Kenichi , Miura Satoru , Tanaka Hiroshi , Okajima Masaaki , Terada Masaki , Ishida Takashi , Tsukada Hiroki , Makino Masato , Iwashima Akira , Sato Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Naoya , Yoshizawa Hirohisa , Kikuchi Toshiaki 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough the clinical efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR‐TKIs) in EGFR‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been demonstrated, their efficacy in EGFR‐mutant NSCLCs with central nervous system (CNS) metastases and the role of radiotherapy remain unclear. This study aimed to determine if it is preferable to add upfront cranial radiotherapy to EGFR‐TKIs in patients with EGFR‐mutant NSCLC with newly diagnosed brain metastases.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients with CNS metastases who received EGFR‐TKIs as a first‐line therapy.ResultsA total of 104 patients were enrolled and 39 patients received upfront brain radiotherapy, while 65 patients received first and second generation EGFR‐TKIs first. The median time to treatment failure (TTF) was 7.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.3–9.4). The median survival time (MST) was 24.0 months (95% CI: 20.1–30.1). The overall response rate of the CNS was 37%. The median CNS progression‐free survival (PFS) was 13.2 months (95% CI: 10.0–16.2). Brain radiotherapy prior to EGFR‐TKI prolonged TTF (11.2 vs. 6.8 months, P = 0.038) and tended to prolong CNS‐PFS (15.6 vs. 11.1 months, P = 0.096) but was not significantly associated with overall survival (MST 26.1 vs. 24.0 months, P = 0.525). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that poor performance status and the presence of extracranial metastases were poor prognostic factors related to overall survival.ConclusionEGFR‐TKI showed a favorable effect for EGFR‐mutant NSCLC patients with CNS metastases. Prolonged TTF and CNS‐PFS were observed with upfront brain radiotherapy.
Experience with a “Feed and Swaddle” program in infants up to six months of age
Authors: Templeton Leah B. , Norton Michael J. , Goenaga‐Díaz Eduardo J. , McLaughlin Douglas H. , Zapadka Michael E. , Templeton T. Wesley 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundFeed and swaddle is a technique in which an infant is fed and allowed to fall asleep to facilitate diagnostic imaging. This study reviews our experience and diagnostic success in premature and term infants up to 6 months old undergoing brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a feed and swaddle technique and with comparable patients imaged under anesthesia.MethodsWe reviewed the charts of all infants ≤6 months who underwent brain MRI at our institution between 1 January 2013 and 31 March 2016. We recorded and analyzed demographic information, scan indication, scan length, prematurity status, anesthetic technique if used, complications, and diagnostic success or failure.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐four term infants underwent brain MRI using a feed and swaddle technique. The success rate in term infants <90 days was 91.1% (113/124) versus 95.0% (38/40) in infants ≥90 days and ≤181 days old. Fifty‐three premature infants underwent feed and swaddle for brain MRI with a diagnostic success rate of 92.5% (49/53). No complications were noted in any feed and swaddle patients. Those who received anesthesia had a diagnostic success rate of 100% (70/70) but experienced complications including hypoxemia, 14.3% (10/70); hypothermia, 18.9% (10/53); bradycardia, 10.1% (7/69); and hypotension, 4.2% (3/70).ConclusionGiven the high rate of success and absence of complications with feed and swaddle in children ≤6 months for brain MRI and the presence of anesthesia‐related complications, most infants should undergo a trial of feed and swaddle prior to undergoing brain MRI with anesthesia.
Classical versus controlled rapid sequence induction and intubation in children with bleeding tonsils (a retrospective audit)
Authors: Kemper Melanie E. , Buehler Philipp K. , Schmitz Achim , Gysin Claudine , Nicolai Thomas , Weiss Markus 
Published: September 2019

PurposeTo determine whether bag‐mask ventilation between induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation in children with post‐tonsillectomy bleeding reduces the incidence of hypoxaemia and difficult direct laryngoscopy without increasing perioperative respiratory complications.MethodsMedical records, anaesthesia protocols and vital sign data were analysed from February 2005 to March 2017 for patients undergoing anaesthesia for surgical revision of bleeding tonsils. Type of rapid sequence induction and intubation (RSII; classical, ie, apnoeic, vs controlled, ie, with gentle bag‐mask ventilation) was noted. Primary outcomes were incidence of moderate and severe hypoxaemia, grade of direct laryngoscopic views as well as occurrence of noted tracheal intubation difficulties. Haemodynamic alterations during RSII and perioperative adverse events such as noted gastric regurgitation, pulmonary aspiration and perioperative pulmonary morbidity were also recorded.ResultsA classical RSII was performed for 22 surgical revisions in 22 children and a controlled RSII was used for 88 surgical revisions in 81 children. Patients undergoing controlled RSII had less incidence of severe hypoxaemia (1 vs 3; P = .025), better direct laryngoscopic views (P = .048) and less hypertension (5 vs 9; P < .001) than those patients managed by classical RSII. No tracheal intubation difficulties occurred. There was no significant perioperative pulmonary morbidity reported in either group.ConclusionsControlled RSII had advantages over classical RSII in children with post‐tonsillectomy bleeding and may become a strategic option in these patients to avoid hypoxaemia, difficult laryngoscopy and hypertension during induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation. Bag‐mask ventilation in patients with bleeding tonsils did not lead to pulmonary morbidity.
Body mass index and serum lipid profile: Association with atopic dermatitis in a paediatric population
Authors: Agón‐Banzo Pedro Jesús , Sanmartin Rosalía , García‐Malinis Ana Julia , Hernández‐Martín Ángela , Puzo José , Doste Divina , Pardos Carlos , Gilaberte Yolanda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe association between atopic dermatitis, body weight and serum lipid levels is not well known, and very few studies have examined this relationship in children.MethodsChildren (n = 239) under 14 years old participated in this prospective cross‐sectional study. The following variables were recorded: age, gender, weight, height, atopic dermatitis severity, serum levels of total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.ResultsMean body mass index was slightly higher in atopic dermatitis patients than healthy controls and significantly higher in atopic dermatitis patients aged 0–2 years (atopic dermatitis, 16.7 ± 4.6; controls, 15.7 ± 1.3; P = 0.04) and 12–14 years (atopic dermatitis, 24.9 ± 5.3; controls, 20.6 ± 3.4; P = 0.03). Among atopic dermatitis patients, body mass index was significantly higher in those with severe atopic dermatitis in the 9–12 (P = 0.03) and 12–14 (P = 0.01) years groups. Mean serum lipid levels were higher in patients with severe atopic dermatitis than in the atopic dermatitis group as a whole. These differences reached statistical significance for total cholesterol (P = 0.04) and triglycerides (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia is greater in children with atopic dermatitis than in age‐matched healthy counterparts.
Acid sphingomyelinase regulates TH2 cytokine release and bronchial asthma
Authors: Böll Svenja , Ziemann Sebastian , Ohl Kim , Klemm Patricia , Rieg Annette D. , Gulbins Erich , Becker Katrin Anne , Kamler Markus , Wagner Norbert , Uhlig Stefan , Martin Christian , Tenbrock Klaus , Verjans Eva 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic diseases and especially allergic asthma are widespread diseases with high prevalence in childhood, but also in adults. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key regulator of the sphingolipid pathway. Previous studies defined the association of ASM with the pathogenesis of TH1‐directed lung diseases like cystic fibrosis and acute lung injury. Here, we define the role of ASM in TH2‐regulated allergic bronchial asthma.MethodsTo determine the role of Asm under baseline conditions, wild‐type (WT) and Asm−/− mice were ventilated with a flexiVent setup and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was determined using acetylcholine. Flow cytometry and cytokine measurements in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were followed by in vitro TH2 differentiations with cells from WT and Asm−/− mice and blockade of Asm with amitriptyline. As proof of principle, we conducted an ovalbumin‐induced model of asthma in WT‐ and Asm−/− mice.ResultsAt baseline, Asm−/− mice showed better lung mechanics, but unaltered bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Higher numbers of Asm−/− T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid released lower levels of IL‐4 and IL‐5, and these results were paralleled by decreased production of typical TH2 cytokines in Asm−/− T lymphocytes in vitro. This phenotype could be imitated by incubation of T cells with amitriptyline. In the ovalbumin asthma model, Asm−/− animals were protected from high disease activity and showed better lung functions and lower levels of eosinophils and TH2 cytokines.ConclusionAsm deficiency could induce higher numbers of TH2 cells in the lung, but those cells release decreased TH2 cytokine levels. Hereby, Asm−/− animals are protected from bronchial asthma, which possibly offers novel therapeutic strategies, for example, with ASM blockade.
The effect of needle tip tracking on procedural time of ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus block: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kåsine T. , Romundstad L. , Rosseland L. A. , Ullensvang K. , Fagerland M. W. , Kessler P. , Bjørnå E. , Sauter A. R. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryTechnology that facilitates performance of deep peripheral nerve blocks is of clinical interest. The Onvision™ is a new device for ultrasonographic needle tip tracking that incorporates an ultrasound sensor on the needle tip that is then represented by a green circle on the ultrasound screen. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of needle tip tracking on procedural time in the first human volunteer study. Secondary outcome measures included: number of hand movements; hand movement path length; block success rate; block onset time; block duration; discomfort experienced by the volunteers; and the anaesthetists’ confidence as to whether their block would be successful. Two anaesthetists performed ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus blocks with an out‐of‐plane technique, with and without the use of needle tip tracking. In total, data from 25 volunteers were studied. Mean (SD) procedural time was 163 (103) s with needle tip tracking and 216 (117) s without (p = 0.10). Hand motion analysis showed that needle tip tracking was associated with a significant decrease in the mean (SD) number of intended needling hand movements (39 (29) vs. 59 (36); p = 0.03) and path lengths (3.2 (3.1) m vs. 5.5 (4.5) m; p = 0.03). No differences were found for any other secondary outcomes. The use of Onvision needle tip tracking did not reduce procedural time for out‐of‐plane ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus block but did reduce the number of hand movements and path lengths. This may indicate improved needle control but further studies are needed to confirm this finding.
An initial evaluation of the effect of a novel regional block needle with tip‐tracking technology on the novice performance of cadaveric ultrasound‐guided sciatic nerve block
Authors: McLeod G. A. , McKendrick M. , Taylor A. , Sadler A. , Halcrow J. , Mustafa A. , Seeley J. , Raju P. , McKendrick G. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryVisibility of the needle tip is difficult to maintain during ultrasound‐guided nerve block. A new needle has been developed that incorporates a piezo element 2–2.3 mm from the tip, activated by ultrasound. The electrical signal manifests as a coloured circle surrounding the needle tip, and allows real‐time tracking. We hypothesised that novice regional anaesthetists would perform nerve block better with the tracker turned on rather than off. Our primary objective was to evaluate the new needle by measuring the performance of novice anaesthetists conducting simulated sciatic block on the soft embalmed Thiel cadaver. Training consisted of a lecture, scanning in volunteers and practice on cadavers. Testing entailed scanning the sciatic nerve of a cadaver and conducting 20 in‐plane sciatic blocks in the mid‐to‐upper thigh region. Subjects were randomised equally, in groups of five, according to the sequence: tracker on/off/on/off; or tracker off/on/off/on. Video recordings were assessed by six raters for steps performed correctly and errors committed. Eight subjects were recruited and 160 videos were analysed. Using the tracking needle, five correct steps improved and one error reduced. The benefits included: better identification of the needle tip before advancing the needle, OR (95%CI) 3.4 (1.6–7.7; p < 0.001); better alignment of the needle to the transducer, 3.1 (1.3–8.7; p = 0.009); and better visibility of the needle tip 3.0 (1.4–7.3; p = 0.005). In conclusion, use of the tracker needle improved the sciatic block performance of novices on the soft embalmed cadaver.
Clinical state of the paediatric acute scrotum in south‐eastern Victoria
Authors: Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Wijekoon Naveen , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute scrotal pain is a common paediatric surgical presentation. Delays in treatment can result in testicular loss from torsion. It is unclear where delays occur. We aimed to investigate presentations with an acute scrotum to identify any potential areas of delay.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study (April 2017–November 2018) of paediatric patients (<18 years) presenting with acute scrotal pain. Data collected included: patient demographics, history/examination findings, mode of presentation, clinical timeline details and outcomes.ResultsA total of 107 acute scrotum presentations were identified: 58 (54.2%) testicular appendage torsion, 23 (21.5%) testicular torsion, 6 (5.6%) epididymo‐orchidits and 20 (18.7%) other diagnoses. Median age at presentation was 11 years (4 months–16 years). Fifty‐seven (53.3%) underwent emergency surgery, of whom 23 (40.4%) had testicular torsion, with 2 requiring orchidectomy. Median time from onset of symptoms to seeking medical opinion was 5.5 (0–135) h. Once assessed by a medical professional, the route to paediatric surgical review via general practitioner (GP) and local emergency department (ED) to paediatric ED was 4.84 (1.67–24.5) h; via GP to paediatric ED was 2.58 (0.75–25.5) h; via local ED to paediatric ED was 2.25 (1–7.75) h; and directly to paediatric ED was 0.45 (0–1.42) h.ConclusionDelays in assessment and treatment of acute scrotal pain occur from the time parents are aware of symptoms to seeking medical opinion. Education to increase awareness may reduce time delays. GPs should refer patients directly to a paediatric ED. Local EDs should manage paediatric cases as per the local surgeons' skill base.
Long‐term repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography parameters in healthy eyes
Authors: Lee Min‐Woo , Nam Ki‐Yup , Lim Hyung‐Bin , Koo Hyung‐Moon , Shin Yong‐Il , Kim Jung‐Yeul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo determine the long‐term repeatability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in normal eyes.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 104 normal eyes. Participants were divided into three groups based on differences in the signal strength (SS) of OCTA scans obtained at two visits at least 6 months apart: group 1, SS difference = 2; group 2, 1; group 3, 0. We measured a foveal centred scan area of 3 × 3 mm pattern. All measurements were performed twice at 5‐min intervals at the initial visit. The second measurements were performed at least 6 months later.ResultsIn short‐term vessel density (VD) repeatability, the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 3.89% to 8.10% and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.785 to 0.941. In terms of long‐term repeatability, the CV was 5.39–12.62% and the ICC was 0.598–0.867. In group 1, the ICCs of the inner and full VDs were 0.194 and 0.221, respectively. In groups 2 and 3, the ICCs of the inner and full VDs were 0.611 and 0.603, and 0.763 and 0.765, respectively. The central VDs of all groups had high CV besides high ICC.ConclusionsOptical coherence tomography angiography parameters showed good short‐term and reasonable long‐term repeatability in normal individuals. The differences in SSs between measurements affected such repeatability, so physicians should query the reliability of OCTA parameters when the differences in SS are 2 or more even when the SS is high.
Bone and joint complications and reduced mobility are associated with pain in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Schmidt Steven M. , Hägglund Gunnar , Alriksson‐Schmidt Ann I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationships between pain in the lower extremities and back, and spasticity, bone/joint complications and mobility.MethodsRetrospective population‐based registry study. Participants (N = 3256) with cerebral palsy (CP), 2.5‐16 years of age, participating in the Swedish Cerebral Palsy Follow‐up Program were included.Spasticitywas measured using scissoring and the Modified Ashworth Scale.Bone/joint complicationsconsisted of hip displacement, range of motion, windswept posture and scoliosis.Mobilitywas measured using the Functional Mobility Scale (5‐, 50‐ and 500‐metres), wheelchair use (outdoors) and the ability to stand/get up from sitting/use stairs, respectively.Painwas measured as presence of pain in hips, knees, feet and back. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsBone/joint complications had the strongest direct pathway with pain in the lower extremities (standardised regression coefficient = 0.48), followed by reduced mobility (standardised regression coefficient = −0.24). The pathways between spasticity and pain, and age and pain were not significant. The R2of the model was 0.15.ConclusionBone/joint complications and reduced mobility were associated with pain in the lower extremities when controlling for sex. Considering theR2of the model, other factors not included in the model are also associated with pain in the lower extremities in children with CP.
Positive mother‐child interactions and parenting styles were associated with lower screen time in early childhood
Authors: Detnakarintra Khanittha , Trairatvorakul Pon , Pruksananonda Chandhita , Chonchaiya Weerasak 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis study examined long‐term associations between mother‐child interactions and parenting styles and electronic screen time.MethodsWe studied 280 healthy children (53.2% girls) enrolled at a mean age of 36 ± 0.4 months from February 2015 to September 2016. The study included retrospective data on 267 children who had been recruited from medical facilities in Thailand at 6 months of age. Mother‐child interaction, parenting styles and screen time were assessed at various ages and path analyses were performed to elucidate the directionality and relationships between the variables.ResultsIncreased mother‐child interaction at 18 months of age was positively associated with less screen time at 2 and 3 years of age. Likewise, nurturing authoritative parenting at 3 years of age was directly related to lower media exposure at 4 years. The total screen time at younger ages had positive direct relationships with relaxed permissive and strict authoritarian parenting styles, but negative direct relationships with nurturing authoritative parenting in subsequent years.ConclusionEarly mother‐child interaction and nurturing authoritative parenting were associated with subsequent decreased screen time, while media exposure at the age of two was related to relaxed permissive and strict authoritarian parenting at 3 years of age.
Monitoring the colonization of alluvial deposits using multitemporal UAV RGB‐imagery
Authors: Laslier Marianne , Hubert‐Moy Laurence , Corpetti Thomas , Dufour Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAims(a) Evaluate the potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology for very high resolution monitoring vegetation dynamics. (b) Describe and explain the colonization pattern of dewatered alluvial deposits by vegetation during early successional stages at an intra‐annual scale.LocationSélune River, Normandy, France.MethodsWe assessed vegetation cover using models based on UAV imagery and field samples at very fine spatial (cm) and temporal (intra‐annual) scales. A UAV flight was conducted every two months from January to July 2015, and vegetation was measured during image acquisition phases. Vegetation cover was mapped for each image acquisition date (four UAV orthomosaics) using a nonlinear regression model (Support Vector Regression algorithm). Then, the maps of vegetation cover were compared to evaluate the colonization process.ResultsVegetation cover was predicted from UAV with high accuracy (mean correlation coefficient: 0.90). Analysis of the maps revealed that colonization of the alluvial deposits by vegetation was rapid in spring.ConclusionsThis study shows that intra‐annual vegetation dynamics on alluvial deposits is rapid and that the colonization pattern can be observed in early successional stages. Very high spatial resolution images acquired by UAV can be used to create detailed maps to evaluate vegetation cover development.