bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Value of Character-Based Judgement in the Professional Domain
Authors: Arthur James , Earl Stephen R. , Thompson Aidan P. , Ward Joseph W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDimensions of character are often overlooked in professional practice at the expense of the development of technical competence and operational efficiency. Drawing on philosophical accounts of virtue ethics and positive psychology, the present work attempts to elevate the role of ‘good’ character in the professional domain. A ‘good’ professional is ideally one that exemplifies dimensions of character informed by sound judgement. A total of 2340 professionals, from five discrete professions, were profiled based on their valuation of qualities pertaining to character and judgement. Profile differences were subsequently examined in the self-reported experience of professional purpose towards a wider societal ‘good’. Analysis of covariance, controlling for stage of career, revealed that professionals valuing character reported higher professional purpose than those overweighting the importance of judgement or valuing neither character nor judgement, F(3, 2054) = 7.92, p < .001. No differences were found between the two groups valuing character, irrespective of whether judgement was valued simultaneously. This profiling analysis of entry-level and in-service professionals, based on their holistic character composition, paves the way for fresh philosophical discussion regarding what constitutes a ‘good’ professional and the interplay between character and judgement. The empirical findings may be of substantive value in helping to recognise how the dimensions of character and judgement may impact upon practitioners’ professional purpose.
Memorability of photographs in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment: Implications for cognitive assessment
Authors: Bainbridge Wilma A. , Berron David , Schütze Hartmut , Cardenas‐Blanco Arturo , Metzger Coraline , Dobisch Laura , Bittner Daniel , Glanz Wenzel , Spottke Annika , Rudolph Janna , Brosseron Frederic , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Fliessbach Klaus , Heneka Michael , Laske Christoph , Buchmann Martina , Peters Oliver , Diesing Dominik , Li Siyao , Priller Josef , Spruth Eike Jakob , Altenstein Slawek , Schneider Anja , Kofler Barbara , Teipel Stefan , Kilimann Ingo , Wiltfang Jens , Bartels Claudia , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Wagner Michael , Jessen Frank , Baker Chris I. , Düzel Emrah 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionImpaired long‐term memory is a defining feature of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We tested whether this impairment is item specific, limited to some memoranda, whereas some remain consistently memorable.MethodsWe conducted item‐based analyses of long‐term visual recognition memory. Three hundred ninety‐four participants (healthy controls, subjective cognitive decline [SCD], and MCI) in the multicentric DZNE‐Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) were tested with images from a pool of 835 photographs.ResultsWe observed consistent memorability for images in healthy controls, SCD, and MCI, predictable by a neural network trained on another healthy sample. Looking at memorability differences between groups, we identified images that could successfully categorize group membership with higher success and a substantial image reduction than the original image set.DiscussionIndividuals with SCD and MCI show consistent memorability for specific items, while other items show significant diagnosticity. Certain stimulus features could optimize diagnostic assessment, while others could support memory.
Proteomics Analysis of Lipid Droplets from the Oleaginous Alga Chromochloris Zofingiensis Reveals Novel Proteins for Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Wei Hehong , Mao Xuemei , Liu Jin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chromochloris zofingiensis represents an industrially relevant and unique green alga, given its capability of synthesizing triacylglycerol (TAG) and astaxanthin simultaneously for storage in lipid droplets (LDs). To further decipher lipid metabolism, the nitrogen deprivation (ND)-induced LDs from C. zofingiensis were isolated, purified, and subjected to proteomic analysis. Intriguingly, many C. zofingiensis LD proteins had no orthologs present in LD proteome of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Seven novel LD proteins (i.e., two functionally unknown proteins, two caleosins, two lipases, and one l-gulonolactone oxidase) and the major LD protein (MLDP), which were all transcriptionally up-regulated by ND, were selected for further investigation. Heterologous expression in yeast demonstrated that all tested LD proteins were localized to LDs and all except the two functionally unknown proteins enabled yeast to produce more TAG. MLDP could restore the phenotype of mldp mutant strain and enhance TAG synthesis in wild-type strain of C. reinhardtii. Although MLDP and caleosins had a comparable abundance in LDs, they responded distinctly to ND at the transcriptional level. The two lipases, instead of functioning as TAG lipases, likely recycled polar lipids to support TAG synthesis. For the first time, we reported that l-gulonolactone oxidase was abundant in LDs and facilitated TAG accumulation. Moreover, we also proposed a novel working model for C. zofingiensis LDs. Taken together, our work unravels the unique characteristics of C. zofingiensis LDs and provides insights into algal LD biogenesis and TAG synthesis, which would facilitate genetic engineering of this alga for TAG improvement.
Whole Genome Analyses of Chinese Population and De Novo Assembly of A Northern Han Genome
Authors: Du Zhenglin , Ma Liang , Qu Hongzhu , Chen Wei , Zhang Bing , Lu Xi , Zhai Weibo , Sheng Xin , Sun Yongqiao , Li Wenjie , Lei Meng , Qi Qiuhui , Yuan Na , Shi Shuo , Zeng Jingyao , Wang Jinyue , Yang Yadong , Liu Qi , Hong Yaqiang , Dong Lili , Zhang Zhewen , Zou Dong , Wang Yanqing , Song Shuhui , Liu Fan , Fang Xiangdong , Chen Hua , Liu Xin , Xiao Jingfa , Zeng Changqing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To unravel the genetic mechanisms of disease and physiological traits, it requires comprehensive sequencing analysis of large sample size in Chinese populations. Here, we report the primary results of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Precision Medicine Initiative (CASPMI) project launched by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, including the de novo assembly of a northern Han reference genome (NH1.0) and whole genome analyses of 597 healthy people coming from most areas in China. Given the two existing reference genomes for Han Chinese (YH and HX1) were both from the south, we constructed NH1.0, a new reference genome from a northern individual, by combining the sequencing strategies of PacBio, 10× Genomics, and Bionano mapping. Using this integrated approach, we obtained an N50 scaffold size of 46.63 Mb for the NH1.0 genome and performed a comparative genome analysis of NH1.0 with YH and HX1. In order to generate a genomic variation map of Chinese populations, we performed the whole-genome sequencing of 597 participants and identified 24.85 million (M) single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 3.85 M small indels, and 106,382 structural variations. In the association analysis with collected phenotypes, we found that the T allele of rs1549293 in KAT8 significantly correlated with the waist circumference in northern Han males. Moreover, significant genetic diversity in MTHFR, TCN2, FADS1, and FADS2, which associate with circulating folate, vitamin B12, or lipid metabolism, was observed between northerners and southerners. Especially, for the homocysteine-increasing allele of rs1801133 (MTHFR 677T), we hypothesize that there exists a “comfort” zone for a high frequency of 677T between latitudes of 35–45 degree North. Taken together, our results provide a high-quality northern Han reference genome and novel population-specific data sets of genetic variants for use in the personalized and precision medicine.
MCI‐to‐normal reversion using neuropsychological criteria in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. , Edmonds Emily C. , Eppig Joel S. , Wong Christina G. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Bangen Katherine J. , Jak Amy J. , Delano‐Wood Lisa , Galasko Douglas R. , Salmon David P. , Edland Steven D. , Bondi Mark W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe low mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to cognitively normal (CN) reversion rate in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (2–3%) suggests the need to examine reversion by other means. We applied comprehensive neuropsychological criteria (NP criteria) to determine the resulting MCI to CN reversion rate.MethodsParticipants with CN (n = 641) or MCI (n = 569) were classified at baseline and year 1 using NP criteria. Demographic, neuropsychological, and Alzheimer's disease biomarker variables as well as progression to dementia were examined across stable CN, reversion, and stable MCI groups.ResultsNP criteria produced a one‐year reversion rate of 15.8%. Reverters had demographics, Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, and risk‐of‐progression most similar to the stable CN group and showed the most improvement on neuropsychological measures from baseline to year 1.DiscussionNP criteria produced a reversion rate that is consistent with, albeit modestly improved from, reversion rates in meta‐analyses. Reverters' biomarker profiles and progression rates suggest that NP criteria accurately tracked with underlying pathophysiologic status.
Discovery and validation of plasma proteomic biomarkers relating to brain amyloid burden by SOMAscan assay
Authors: Shi Liu , Westwood Sarah , Baird Alison L. , Winchester Laura , Dobricic Valerija , Kilpert Fabian , Hong Shengjun , Franke Andre , Hye Abdul , Ashton Nicholas J. , Morgan Angharad R. , Bos Isabelle , Vos Stephanie J.B. , Buckley Noel J. , Kate Mara ten , Scheltens Philip , Vandenberghe Rik , Gabel Silvy , Meersmans Karen , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , De Roeck Ellen E. , Sleegers Kristel , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Régis , Molinuevo José L. , Rami Lorena , Wallin Anders , Kettunen Petronella , Tsolaki Magda , Verhey Frans , Lleó Alberto , Alcolea Daniel , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Johannsen Peter , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Frölich Lutz , Legido‐Quigley Cristina , Barkhof Frederik , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Baker Susan , Morgan B. Paul , Streffer Johannes , Visser Pieter Jelle , Bertram Lars , Lovestone Simon , Nevado‐Holgado Alejo J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPlasma proteins have been widely studied as candidate biomarkers to predict brain amyloid deposition to increase recruitment efficiency in secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Most such biomarker studies are targeted to specific proteins or are biased toward high abundant proteins.Methods4001 plasma proteins were measured in two groups of participants (discovery group = 516, replication group = 365) selected from the European Medical Information Framework for Alzheimer's disease Multimodal Biomarker Discovery study, all of whom had measures of amyloid.ResultsA panel of proteins (n = 44), along with age and apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, predicted brain amyloid deposition with good performance in both the discovery group (area under the curve = 0.78) and the replication group (area under the curve = 0.68). Furthermore, a causal relationship between amyloid and tau was confirmed by Mendelian randomization.DiscussionThe results suggest that high‐dimensional plasma protein testing could be a useful and reproducible approach for measuring brain amyloid deposition.
Differential expression of microRNAs in Alzheimer's disease brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Takousis Petros , Sadlon Angélique , Schulz Jessica , Wohlers Inken , Dobricic Valerija , Middleton Lefkos , Lill Christina M. , Perneczky Robert , Bertram Lars 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionSeveral microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, but the evidence from individual case‐control studies remains inconclusive.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed, followed by standardized multistage data extraction, quality control, and meta‐analyses on eligible data for brain, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Results were compared with miRNAs reported in the abstracts of eligible studies or recent qualitative reviews to assess novelty.ResultsData from 147 independent data sets across 107 publications were quantitatively assessed in 461 meta‐analyses. Twenty‐five, five, and 32 miRNAs showed studywide significant differential expression (α < 1·08 × 10−4) in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood‐derived specimens, respectively, with 5 miRNAs showing differential expression in both brain and blood. Of these 57 miRNAs, 13 had not been reported in the abstracts of previous original or review articles.DiscussionOur systematic assessment of differential miRNA expression is the first of its kind in Alzheimer's disease and highlights several miRNAs of potential relevance.
Is Alzheimer Disease a Disease?
Authors: Joseph JT 
Published: September 2019

Problem:Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined as “an irreversible, progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills” (National Institute on Aging) and is pathologically characterized by abnormal deposition of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. However, these abnormal protein aggregates also accumulate with aging, which complicates the distinction between aging and AD.Results:This presentation will discuss the concepts of disease and then compare and contrast these with the definition of Alzheimer disease. It briefly discusses causality and examines how associations have to be conflated with causality in the pathological diagnoses of neurodegenerative diseases. It also indicates some inherent biases that pathologists have in identifying disease and the pathological changes resulting from diseases. The presentation will present examples from the Calgary Brain Bank of patients without known neurodegenerative disease who die at different ages, as well as different pathological presentations of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques. Several known causes of AD will be reviewed and contrasted with what is commonly considered “normal aging”.Discussion:This presentation argues that Alzheimer disease pathology represents a final common pattern of changes that results from several or possibly many different aetiologies. Recognizing that these changes have several different causes might better guide future research into late onset dementias.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Consider observational biases used in the diagnoses of different dementias2.Distinguish several aetiologies of Alzheimer-type Neuropathology3.Contemplate how neuropathology has done a disservice in dementia research by focusing on accumulations of abnormal proteins
Stereologic measures of beta-amyloid load in postmortem autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease brain validate PiB-PET as a useful biomarker
Authors: Sinha N , Zhou A , Li Y , Joseph-Mathurin N , Xiong C , Morris JC , Bateman R , Benzinger TL , Cairns NJ ,   Knight ADRC and DIAN
Published: September 2019

In vivo positron emission tomography (PET) using [C11]-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([C11]PiB) has previously been shown to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) in late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) brain; however, the sensitivity of this technique for detecting β-amyloidosis in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) has not been systematically investigated. To validate [C11]PiB PET as a useful biomarker of β-amyloidosis, we measured the cortical and regional standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) in 16 ADAD and 15 LOAD cases and compared them with histopathologic measures of β-amyloidosis in postmortem brain. The PiB-PET data were obtained between 40–70 min after bolus injection of ∼15 mCi of [11C]PiB. MRI and PiB-PET images were co-registered and SUVRs were generated for several brain regions. Using Aβ immunohistochemistry (10D5, Eli Lilly), the burden of Aβ plaques was quantified in 16 regions of interest using an area fraction fractionator probe (Stereo Investigator, MicroBrightfield, VT). There were regional variations in Aβ plaque burden with highest densities observed in the neocortical areas and the striatum. On spearman correlations, in vivo PiB-PET correlated with postmortem Aβ plaque burden in both LOAD and ADAD, with strongest correlations seen in neocortical areas. In summary, [C11]PiB-PET has utility as a biomarker in both ADAD and LOAD.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Discuss how PET-PiB beta-amyloid imaging is used as a potential biomarker of Alzheimer disease (AD)2.Correlate postmortem neuropathologic evidence of beta-amyloidosis with PET-PiB data, and learn that PET-PiB is a potentially useful tool to detect beta-amyloidosis in presymptomatic and symptomatic individuals
Parasagittal intraparenchymal hemorrhage in complicated second stage labour: a report of three cases
Authors: Grenier K , Basheer M , Shannon P 
Published: September 2019

The increased use and mastery of ceasarian section for deliveries and the refinement of technologies for assisted delivery in the setting of dfficult second stage of labour have made intrapartum deaths more rare and modern obstetrical pracices are rarely accompanied by the classic forceps related intracranial injuries. We document a novel pattern of intracranial injury in three cases of neonatal death following prolonged labor, of which two out of three required vacuum and forceps.All three showed similar bilateral parasagittal intraparenchymal haemorrhages and cerebral edema, in a pattern reminiscent of “gliding contusion, as well as subgaleal haemorrhage of varying amout. Two out of the three cases showed parietal bone fractures and one demonstrated extensive craniolcuniae. We briefly discuss the significance of these findings and implications for future cases.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThis presentation will enable the learner to:1.Explore the current theories leading to neonatal death in prolonged labor2.Summarize the known pathological findings associated with vacuum and forceps3.Discuss the significance of intraparenchymal hematoma in the setting of prolonged delivery
Canadian Association of Neuropathologists L’Association Canadienne des Neuropathologistes
Authors: Halifax Nova Scotia 
Published: September 2019

Abstracts and unknown cases presented at the 58th annual meetingThe Canadian Association of Neuropathologists (CANP) held their 58th annual meeting at the Halifax Harbourfront Marriott from October 3rd to 6th, 2018, under the leadership of Dr Marc Del Bigio, CANP president, and Dr. Sidney Croul handled the local arrangements. The annual banquet was held at Chives restaurant in Halifax.The academic program of 20 scientific abstracts and 8 unknown cases was compiled by the CANP Secretary-Treasurer Dr Julia Keith into 5 sessions; I. Traumatic and Neurodegenerative Neuropathology, II. Pediatric, Epilepsy and Miscellaneous Neuropathology, III. Tumour Neuropathology, IV. Infectious/Immune Mediated Neuropathology, and V. Quality Assurance in Neuropathology. The Quality Assurance session included a guided interactive forum led by Dr Marc Del Bigio, and the Neurodegenerative session included an invited talk on Butyrylcholinesterase as a Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease by Dr Sultan Darvesh (Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University). The digital pathology images from the 8 unknown cases are available for viewing online (www.canp.ca) thanks to the CANP webmaster, Dr Jason Karamchandani.The Presidential Symposium explored the theme of Brain Inflammation. Dr Sean Pittock (Dept of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN) delivered the Dr Jerzy Olszewski Guest Lecture entitled Neural autoantibody discovery: the new era of autoimmune neurology – out with the old and in with the new! Dr Christian Pagnoux (Vasculitis Clinic, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto ON) was an invited speaker who spoke on Vasculitis – effects on the nervous system. Dr Alex Easton (Dept of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS) was the Dr Gordon Mathieson invited lecturer speaking about The blood brain barrier and inflammation, and Dr Serge Rivest (Directeur du Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec QC) delivered the Dr David Robertson invited lecture on Microglial roles in human neuropathology. The symposium concluded with a panel discussion and group Question and Answer session with the speakers moderated by Dr Marc Del Bigio.Several trainee awards were handed out. The Dr Mary Tom Award for best clinical science paper was awarded to Dr Maryam Abdollahi (supervisor Dr David Munoz) and the Dr Morrison H. Finlayson Award for best basic science/research paper went to Dr Maliha Khara (Drs Zhou, Wong, Renwick).The following abstracts were presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Canadian Association of Neuropathologists (CANP) in October 2018.
You have to be twice as good and work twice as hard: a mixed-methods study of perceptions of sexual harassment, assault and women's leadership among female faculty at a research university in the USA
Authors: Evans Dabney P. , Sales Jessica M. , Krause Kathleen H. , del Rio Carlos 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of institutional policies and practices for the prevention of and response to gender inequities as experienced by female faculty working in the health sciences at a US research university.

Methods
Data from the institution's Faculty Campus Climate Survey (n = 260 female faculty) were coupled with qualitative interviews (n = 14) of females in leadership positions, exploring campus climate, and institutional policies and practices aimed at advancing women.

Results
Two-thirds (59%) of the female faculty respondents indicated witnessing sexual harassment and 28% reported experiencing sexual harassment. Several organizational themes emerged to address this problem: culture, including cultural change, transparency, and accountability.

Conclusions
The findings reveal the ways in which university culture mimics the larger societal context. At the same time, the distinct culture of higher education processes for recruitment, career advancement – specifically tenure and promotion – are identified as important factors that require modifications in support of reductions in gender inequalities.