bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELATIVE DEFINABILITY OF n-GENERICS
Authors: WANG WEI 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA set $G \subseteq \omega$ is n-generic for a positive integer n if and only if every ${\rm{\Sigma }}_n^0$ formula of G is decided by a finite initial segment of G in the sense of Cohen forcing. It is shown here that every n-generic set G is properly ${\rm{\Sigma }}_n^0$ in some G-recursive X. As a corollary, we also prove that for every $n > 1$ and every n-generic set G there exists a G-recursive X which is generalized ${\rm{lo}}{{\rm{w}}_n}$ but not generalized ${\rm{lo}}{{\rm{w}}_{n - 1}}$. Thus we confirm two conjectures of Jockusch [4].
Impact of environmental conditions and seed physico-chemical characteristics on the resistance of cowpea genotypes to Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) infestation
Authors: Kosini D. , Nukenine E.N. , Saidou C. , Noubissié J.-B.T. , Dolinassou S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThere is a need to improve research and extension documentation to assist farmers in making better use of the available resistant cowpea genotypes to insects attack during storage. A study was conducted to determine the resistance of ten cowpea genotypes [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] toCallosobruchus maculatusF. attack in the Sudano-Guinean and Sudano-Sahelian agro-ecological zones (SS) of Cameroon. Thereafter, seeds were analyzed for physical properties and chemical composition to determine the main parameters of their resistance againstC. maculatus. The SS was more suitable for insect infestation. Genotypes were classified into resistant to highly susceptible. Results showed that the physical characteristics of seeds were less important than the chemical components for conferring resistance toC. maculatus. Two genotypes, Samira and Lade, consistently demonstrated high tolerance to infestation byC.maculatus, and therefore may be recommended for use in breeding programs as a source of resistance and then to minimize the dependence on insecticides for the control of insect pests under subsistence farming conditions in Cameroon.
THE ROLE OF STATE IMMUNITY AND ACT OF STATE IN THE NM CHERRY BLOSSOM CASE AND THE WESTERN SAHARA DISPUTE
Authors: Ruys Tom 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn early 2018, the Polisario Front and the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) obtained a favourable ruling from the South African Courts, granting the SADR ownership over a cargo of phosphate aboard the NM Cherry Blossom originating from a mine in the Moroccan-controlled part of the Western Sahara. Although hitherto largely unnoticed in legal circles, the Cherry Blossom case raises important questions concerning the outer bounds of State immunity and the scope of the act of State doctrine. In addition, the case holds potentially far-reaching ramifications for the international legal order if other domestic courts were to follow suit.
THE INDIVISIBILITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Authors: de Beco Gauthier 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article argues that a new understanding of the indivisibility of human rights has emerged through the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The CRPD has blurred the distinction between civil and political rights, on the one hand, and economic and social rights, on the other. After showing how this distinction has been blurred in the Convention, the article critically analyses the impact this has had on the concept of indivisibility, as well as its consequences for international human rights law more generally. It shows that there is now a shift away from a preoccupation with different categories of rights and towards concern for the real and actual enjoyment of human rights.
Not speaking the same language: 17-month-olds shift their perception of novel labels following brief exposure to non-native language
Authors: SAN JUAN Valerie , LIN Carol , MACKENZIE Heather , CURTIN Suzanne , GRAHAM Susan A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe examined if and when English-learning 17-month-olds would accommodate Japanese forms as labels for novel objects. In Experiment 1, infants (n = 22) who were habituated to Japanese word–object pairs looked longer at switched test pairs than familiar test pairs, suggesting that they had mapped Japanese word forms to objects. In Experiments 2 (n = 44) and 3 (n = 22), infants were presented with a spoken passage prior to habituation to assess whether experience with a different language would shift their perception of Japanese word forms. Here, infants did not demonstrate learning of Japanese word–object pairs. These findings offer insight into the flexibility of the developing perceptual system. That is, when there is no evidence to the contrary, 17-month-olds will accommodate forms that vary from their typical input but will efficiently constrain their perception when cued to the fact that they are not listening to their native language.
Pyroxasulfone Is Effective for Management ofBromusspp. in Winter Wheat in Western Canada
Authors: Johnson Eric N. , Wang Zhijie , Geddes Charles M. , Coles Ken , Hamman Bill , Beres Brian L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn response to concerns about acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor–resistant weeds in wheat production systems, we explored the efficacy of managingBromusspp., downy and Japanese bromes, in a winter wheat system using alternative herbicide treatments applied in either fall or spring. Trials were established at Lethbridge and Kipp, Alberta, and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada over three growing seasons (2012–2014) to compare the efficacy of pyroxasulfone (a soil-applied very-long-chain fatty acid elongase inhibitor; WSSA Group 15) and flumioxazin (a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor; WSSA Group 14) against industry-standard ALS-inhibiting herbicides for downy and Japanese brome control. Winter wheat injury from herbicide application was minor, with the exception of flucarbazone application at Scott.Bromusspp. control was greatest with pyroxsulam and all herbicide treatments containing pyroxasulfone. Downy and Japanese bromes were controlled least by thiencarbazone and flumioxazin, respectively, whereasBromusspp. had intermediate responses to the other herbicides tested. Herbicides applied in fall resulted in reduced winter wheat yield relative to the spring applications. Overall, pyroxasulfone or pyroxsulam provided the most efficaciousBromusspp. control compared with the other herbicides and consistently maintained optimal winter wheat yields. Therefore, pyroxasulfone could facilitate management ofBromusspp. resistant to ALS inhibitors in winter wheat in the southern growing regions of western Canada. Improved weed control and delayed herbicide resistance may be achieved when pyroxasulfone is applied in combination with flumioxazin.
Response of Sweetpotato to Oryzalin Application Rate and Timing
Authors: Chaudhari Sushila , Jennings Katherine M. , Meyers Stephen L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe investigation of potential herbicides for weed control in sweetpotato is critical due to the limited number of registered herbicides and the development of populations of herbicide- resistant weeds. Therefore, field studies were conducted at the Horticultural Crops Research Station, Clinton, NC and the Pontotoc Ridge–Flatwoods Branch Experiment Station, Pontotoc, MS to determine the effect of oryzalin application rate and timing on sweetpotato tolerance. Oryzalin at 0.6, 1.1, 2.2, 3.4, and 4.5 kg ai ha–1was applied immediately after transplanting or 14 d after sweetpotato transplanting (DAP). At Clinton, oryzalin applied immediately after transplanting resulted in ≤1% leaf distortion 4 and 6 wk after transplanting (WAP) regardless of application rate. However, when oryzalin was applied 14 DAP, greater sweetpotato leaf distortion was observed from 2.2, 3.4, and 4.5 kg ha–1(≤8%) than 0.6 and 1.1 kg ha–1(≤4%). At Pontotoc, oryzalin applied immediately after transplanting resulted in ≤6% leaf distortion 4 WAP regardless of application rate. However, when oryzalin was applied at 14 DAP, greater leaf distortion was reported from 3.4 and 4.5 kg ha–1(11 to 13%) than 0.6, 1.1, and 2.2 kg ha–1(4 to 6%). Oryzalin application rate and timing did not affect yield of no.1, jumbo, or marketable sweetpotato. Based on these results, oryzalin herbicide has potential for registration in sweetpotato.
Potential yield loss in sugar beet due to weed interference in the United States and Canada
Authors: Soltani Nader , Dille J. Anita , Robinson Darren E. , Sprague Christy L. , Morishita Don W. , Lawrence Nevin C. , Kniss Andrew R. , Jha Prashant , Felix Joel , Nurse Robert E. , Sikkema Peter H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe objective of this WSSA Weed Loss Committee report is to provide quantitative data on the potential yield loss in sugar beet due to weed interference from the major sugar beet growing areas of the United States and Canada. Researchers and extension specialists who conducted research on weed control in sugar beet in the United States and Canada provided quantitative data on sugar beet yield loss due to weed interference in their regions. Specifically, data were requested from weed control studies in sugar beet from up to 10 individual studies per calendar year over a 15-yr period between 2002 and 2017. Data collected indicated that if weeds are left uncontrolled under optimal agronomic practices, growers in Idaho, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ontario, Oregon, and Wyoming would potentially lose an average of 79%, 61%, 66%, 68%, 63%, 75%, 83%, 78%, and 77% of the sugar beet yield. The corresponding monetary loss would be approximately US$234, US$122, US$369, US$43, US$40, US$211, US$12, US$14, and US$32 million, respectively. The average yield loss due to weed interference for the primary sugar beet growing areas of North America was estimated to be 70%. Thus, if weeds are not controlled, growers in the United States would lose approximately 22.4 million tonnes of sugar beet yield valued at approximately US$1.25 billion, and growers in Canada would lose approximately 0.5 million tonnes of sugar beet yield valued at approximately US$25 million. The high return on investment in weed management highlights the importance of continued weed science research for sustaining high crop yield and profitability of sugar beet production in North America.
Posteruption Enhancement of Hydrothermal Activity: A 33‐Year, Multieruption Time Series at Axial Seamount (Juan de Fuca Ridge)
Authors: Baker Edward T. , Walker Sharon L. , Chadwick William W. , Butterfield David A. , Buck Nathaniel J. , Resing Joseph A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMid‐ocean ridge eruptions, initiating or revitalizing hydrothermal discharge and disrupting seafloor ecosystems, occur regularly as a consequence of plate spreading. Evaluating their impact on long‐term hydrothermal discharge requires information on the scale and duration of any posteruption enhancement. Here we describe a unique hydrothermal plume time series of annual (or more frequent) observations at Axial Seamount vent fields from 1985 through 2017, missing only 7 years. Axial, a hot spot volcano astride the Juan de Fuca Ridge, experienced eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. In 1998 and 2011 lava flooded the SE caldera and south rift zone, but in 2015 most lava was extruded in a series of flows extending ~20 km down the north rift zone. Response cruises occurred within 18 days (1998) to about 4 months, followed by regular posteruption observations. All 30 cruises measured plume rise height (a proxy for heat flux) and turbidity (indicative of chemical changes in vent discharge) at several vent sites, yielding an integrated view of vent field activity. Venting in the SE caldera area persisted throughout the time series, consistent with the imaged location of the shallowest portion of the melt‐rich magma reservoir. Eruptions produced substantial and diagnostic increases in plume rise and turbidity, and posteruption enhancements lasted 2–5 years, totaling ~10 years over the course of the time series. Estimates of the relative heat flux indicate a sixfold increase during eruption‐enhanced periods, implying that generalizations about mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes may be underestimates if based on non–eruption‐enhanced hydrothermal activity alone.
Contrasting Hydrological Controls on Bed Properties During the Acceleration of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Bougamont M. , Christoffersen P. , Nias I. , Vaughan D. G. , Smith A. M. , Brisbourne A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn the Amundsen sector of West Antarctica, the flow of glaciers accelerates when intrusion of warm ocean water onto the continental shelf induces strong melting beneath ice shelves and thinning near the glaciers' grounding line. Predicting the future of these glaciers is, however, hindered by a poor understanding of the dynamical processes that may exacerbate, or on the contrary modulate, the inland ice sheet response. This study seeks to investigate processes occurring at the base of Pine Island Glacier through numerical inversions of surface velocities observed in 1996 and 2014, a period of time during which the glacier accelerated significantly. The outputs show that substantial changes took place in the basal environment, which we interpret with models of undrained subglacial till and hydrological routing. The annual basal melt production increased by 25% on average. Basal drag weakened by 15% over nearly two thirds of the region of accelerated flow, largely due to the direct assimilation of locally produced basal meltwater into the underlying subglacial sediment. In contrast, regions of increased drag are found to follow several of the glacier's shear margins and furthermore to coincide with inferred hydrological pathways. We interpret this basal strengthening as signature of an efficient hydrological system, where low‐pressure water channels have reduced the surrounding basal water pressure. These are the first identified stabilization mechanisms to have developed alongside Pine Island ice flow acceleration. Indeed, these processes could become more significant with increased meltwater availability and may limit the glacier's response to perturbation near its grounding line.
Ionogram RFI Rejection Using an Autoregressive Interpolation Process
Authors: Turley Mike D. E. , Heitmann Andrew J. , Gardiner‐Garden Robert S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDefence Science and Technology Group's Digital Oblique Receiving System (DORS) is a direct‐digital high‐frequency ionosonde receiver, capable of collecting high‐quality ionograms simultaneously on multiple oblique ionospheric paths. One of the key signal processing steps that run on board the receiver is a novel technique for the detection and removal of radio frequency interference (RFI). In the down‐converted narrow‐band time series, external RFI sources manifest as impulsive noise, often many orders of magnitude stronger than the ionosonde signal of interest. The RFI rejection technique applies a threshold detector to the whitened data, to locate the corrupt samples, and then replaces the bad data using forward and backward linear prediction, based on an autoregressive model of the desired ionosonde signal. Algorithm performance is evaluated using a set of simple statistics and ~6,000 DORS ionograms from central Australia. Compared to a more traditional approach of clipping the strong RFI impulses, the new technique significantly reduces instances of undersuppression and recovers more of the weaker propagation mode content in the ionogram. The result is a much cleaner image for the DORS automatic feature extraction and parameterized fitting technique.
A NAC transcription factor, NOR-like1, is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening
Authors: Gao Ying , Wei Wei , Zhao Xiaodan , Tan Xiaoli , Fan Zhongqi , Zhang Yiping , Jing Yuan , Meng Lanhuan , Zhu Benzhong , Zhu Hongliang , Chen Jianye , Jiang Cai-Zhong , Grierson Donald , Luo Yunbo , Fu Da-Qi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ripening of the model fruit tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is controlled by a transcription factor network including NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) domain proteins such as No-ripening (NOR), SlNAC1, and SlNAC4, but very little is known about the NAC targets or how they regulate ripening. Here, we conducted a systematic search of fruit-expressed NAC genes and showed that silencing NOR-like1 (Solyc07g063420) using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited specific aspects of ripening. Ripening initiation was delayed by 14 days when NOR-like1 function was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 and fruits showed obviously reduced ethylene production, retarded softening and chlorophyll loss, and reduced lycopene accumulation. RNA-sequencing profiling and gene promoter analysis suggested that genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis (SlACS2, SlACS4), color formation (SlGgpps2, SlSGR1), and cell wall metabolism (SlPG2a, SlPL, SlCEL2, and SlEXP1) are direct targets of NOR-like1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLR) confirmed that NOR-like1 bound to the promoters of these genes both in vitro and in vivo, and activated their expression. Our findings demonstrate that NOR-like1 is a new positive regulator of tomato fruit ripening, with an important role in the transcriptional regulatory network.
Aluminum-target-assisted femtosecond-laser-filament-induced water condensation and snow formation in a cloud chamber
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Liu Jiansheng , Sun Haiyi , Ju Jingjing , Hu Xinkai , Wang Cheng , Leng Yuxin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe compare the water condensation and snow formation induced by a femtosecond laser filament with that when the filament is assisted by an aluminum target located at different positions along the filament. We reveal that the laser-filament-induced water condensation and snow formation assisted by the aluminum target are more efficient compared with those obtained without the assistance of the aluminum target. We find that the mass of the snow induced by the laser filament is the largest when the aluminum target is located at the end of the filament, smaller when it is at the middle of the filament, and the smallest at the beginning of the filament. These findings indicate that a higher plasma density and the generation of vortex pairs below the filament are important for enhancing the efficiency and yield of the laser-induced water condensation and precipitation. The higher plasma density provides more cloud condensation nuclei and facilitates the water condensation; vortex pairs below the filament are favourable to the growth of particles up to larger sizes.
Associations between polymorphisms of the PDLIM4 gene and susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture in an elderly population of Han Chinese
Authors: Chen Jihang , Hong Zheping , Zhao Chen , Bi Qing , Qiu Binsong 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PDZ and LIM domain protein 4 (PDLIM4) gene and susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture in an elderly Han Chinese population. Seven SNPs of PDLIM4, including rs77584624, rs78418541, rs270611, rs3900945, rs77486529, rs71583465, and rs366512, were examined in 540 elderly Chinese patients with osteoporotic fractures (case group) and 540 healthy Chinese subjects (control group) using Sanger sequencing. A-allele carriers of rs270611 in PDLIM4 had a significantly high risk of osteoporotic fracture (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–1.46; P&lt;0.001). Similarly, individuals carrying the C-allele at PDLIM4 rs3900945 were predisposed to osteoporotic fracture (adjusted OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.05–1.25; P&lt;0.001). In contrast, the T-allele at rs366512 appeared to be a protective genetic factor against osteoporotic fracture (adjusted OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74–0.95; P&lt;0.01). Consistently, the serum levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-telopeptide fragments of Collagen type I α1 chains (β-CTx) were higher in A-allele carriers of rs270611 and C-allele carriers of rs3900945, while T-allele carriers of rs366512 had lower PINP and β-CTx levels. Corresponding well with published findings, the A-allele of rs270611 and C-allele of rs3900945 were associated with reduced bone marrow density (BMD) at the fracture site, while T-allele carriers of rs366512 were shown to have normal BMD. Our study provides supportive evidence for the contribution of PDLIM4 gene polymorphisms to the susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture and suggests that rs270611 and rs3900945 are genetic risk factors, while rs366512 might be a genetic protective factor against osteoporotic fracture in elderly Han individuals.
Analysis Of Raw Water Supply In Pucang Gading Housing Complex, District Of Demak To Preparation Of Water Resources And Water Resources Management
Authors: Abdi Solikhul , Sudarno  
Published: December 2018

Pucang Gading Housing Complex is an area within the Village Batursari, District of Demak with a population of 2018 as many as 44,257 inhabitants.
Raw water service system Mranggen Unit is divided into 5 areas of service (service area Mranggen, Batursari I, Batursari II, Batursari III and Kebon) which utilize raw water source of water treatment plant (IPA Waru) and 8 Wells In a total discharge of 120 liter/second.
The number of home connections in Pucang Gading area is currently 3,374 house connections, with a total water usage 14.25 liter/second Water discharges from clean water sources in Pucang Gading region are currently not maximally available to supply water to Pucang Gading service area. In this research will know the problems and readiness that exist by looking from the achievement of Medium Term Development Plan of Demak Regency Year 2016-2021. This research uses SWOT analysis method that is internal and external factors.
The selection of raw water sources for drinking water should pay attention to aspects of quality, quantity and continuity. Demak Regency has the potential of surface water either river/ reservoir/dam.
The problems and challenges of drinking water supply include issues of safe access to water supply, and regulation of groundwater utilization for the community.
Relationship modelling between moisture content of flour and variables of two-cycle drying process of cassava flourusing pneumatic dryer
Authors: Yus Witdarko , Philipus Betaubun , Jayadi  
Published: December 2018

Moisturecontent (MC) is the most important variable in evaluating material drying performance, so the ability to predict MC in drying process is really important. This research aims to formulate the mathematic relationship between drying process variable pneumatically and moisture content of cassava flour in drying process 1 and 2 by applying dimensional analysis. In this research, there has been a design of pneumatic drying equipment and test using various treatments such as input capacity, drying air temperature, and drying air velocity. Based on the data analysis, the relationship between MC and drying process variables are as follow:
Drying cycle 1:

MC = (5,794287E − 22). (ρpr·Dpr3/Qi·θ)1,4085 (Tu/Tbo)-2,2504 (Vu·θ/Dpr)5,863

Drying cycle 2:

MC = (2,36831E − 10). (ρprDpr3/Qi·θ)1,059 (Tu/Tbo)-4.808 (Vu·θ/Dpr)3,709

The equations have determination coefficient value 0.85, so it has big possibility to use it as alternative to predict moisture content of dried flour.
Erkrankungen der Ohrspeicheldrüse
Authors: Eva C. Schmid 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDie Ohrspeicheldrüsen (Parotiden) sind die größten Drüsen im Kopfbereich. Eine Parotisschwellung kann verschiedene Ursachen haben wie Entzündung, Speichelsteine, Sjögren-Sydrom, Sialadenose oder Tumoren. Die Symptome variieren je nach Ursache.