bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy modulates early immuno-inflammatory responses to trauma-hemorrhage and protects mice against secondary sepsis
Authors: Drechsler S. , Zipperle J. , Rademann P. , Jafarmadar M. , Klotz A. , Bahrami S. , Osuchowski M. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn polytrauma patients, the impact of splenectomy is equivocal, ranging from negative to protective. We investigated the impact of splenectomy on immune responses in the 1st-hit polytrauma alone and on survival in the post-traumatic sepsis (2nd hit). Female BALB/c mice underwent polytrauma (1st hit) consisting of either a) TH: femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock or b) TSH: splenectomy, femur fracture, hemorrhagic shock. Additionally, the polytrauma hit was followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) 48 h later and compared to CLP alone. Splenectomy improved the 28-day survival in secondary sepsis to 92% (from 62%), while TH lowered it to 46% (p < 0.05). The improved survival was concurrent with lower release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, CXCL-1, MCP-1) and increase of C5a post-CLP. In the polytrauma hit alone, TSH induced stronger neutrophilia (1.9 fold) and lymphocytosis (1.7 fold) when compared to TH mice. Moreover, TSH resulted in a 41% rise of regulatory T-cells and reduced the median fluorescence intensity of MHC-2 on monocytes by 55% within 48 h (p < 0.05). Conversely, leukocyte phagocytic capacity was significantly increased by 4-fold after TSH despite a similar M1/M2 macrophage profile in both groups. Summarizing, splenectomy provoked both immuno-suppressive and immuno-stimulatory responses but was life-saving in secondary sepsis. Additionally, the polytrauma components in 2-hit models should be tested for their effects on outcome; the presumed end-effect of the 1st hit solely based on the common immuno-inflammatory parameters could be misleading.
Recommendations for improving accuracy of gene expression data in bone and cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: He Tao , Huang Yijiang , Chak Juy Chi , Klar Roland Manfred 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAutogenous tissue grafting remains the gold standard in the treatment of critical sized bone and certain cartilage defects, while the translation of tissue engineered osteogenesis or chondrogenesis from the lab bench into clinical practice, utilizing natural or synthetic biomimetic devices, remains challenging. One of the crucial underestimated reasons for non-translatability could be the imprecision and inconsistency of generated gene expression profiles, utilizing improperly optimized and standardized quantitative gene assays. Utilizing GeNorm for downstream qRT-PCR applications, the stability of reference genes in relation to optimal cDNA amounts was assessed on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal and adipose-derived stem cells neat and made to differentiate into chondrocytes including normal human derived chondrocytes and muscle tissue from rats. Results showed that reference genes can vary substantially across separately and/or combined cell lines and/or tissue types including treatment parameters. The recommendations to all bone and cartilage tissue engineers utilizing qRT-PCR is not to assume that reference gene stability and quantity remain conserved across cell lines or tissue types but to always determine, for each new experiment, the stability and normalization quantity of reference genes anew.
Aktuelle Herausforderungen des thermischen Traumas im Kindesund Jugendalter – ein retrospektiver Erfahrungsbericht an einem Wiener
Verbrennungszentrum
Authors: Nedomansky Jakob , Maier Bernhard , Rath Thomas , Radtke Christine 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Das thermische Trauma im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist weiterhin von hoher sozioökonomischer Relevanz, da es seit Jahren zu keiner Reduktion der
jährlich stationär behandelten Patienten/innen gekommen ist. Die Therapie des pädiatrischen Verbrennungspatienten stellt besondere Anforderungen an das
medizinische Personal, die verwendeten Verbandsmaterialien und die angewandten Operationstechniken. Ziel dieser Studie war es einen aktuellen Überblick über das
stationäre Management und die Therapie des thermischen Traumas bei pädiatrischen Patienten/innen an einer spezialisierten Klinik zu geben.
Patienten/Material und Methode Kinder und Jugendliche, die zwischen 2012 und 2016 an der Kinderstation der chirurgischen Fächer der Medizinischen
Universität Wien von der klinischen Abteilung für Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie bei thermischen Trauma behandelt wurden, wurden identifiziert und ihr
Therapieverlauf retrospektiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse 115 Patienten/innen wurden auf Grund eines akuten thermischen Traumas stationär behandelt. Das mediane Alter lag bei 2 Jahren (0–18). Die
Verbrühung stellte mit 74 % den häufigsten Verletzungsmechanismus dar. Im Median zeigten sich 5 % (1–40) der Körperoberfläche betroffen. Konservatives
Wundmanagement bei 2a°igem Trauma (62 %) wurde in 98 % mit MepilexAg durchgeführt und dauerte im Median 11 Tage (4–34) bis zur Abheilung. In 38 % (n = 44) lag
eine 2b°ige oder 3°ige Verbrennung vor. Die Verwendung von Suprathel nach tangentialer Nekrosektomie bzw. Bürstendebridement bei oberflächlichen 2b°igen
Verletzungen zeigte zufriedenstellende Heilungsverläufe.
Schlussfolgerung Durch den Einsatzvon modernen Wundverbänden in der konservativen Therapie 2a°iger Wunden kann eine schnelle und unkomplizierte Abheilung
mit atraumatischen Verbandswechseln erfolgen. Bei oberflächlichen 2b°igen Wunden bietet Suprathel eine gute Alternative zur klassischen Hauttransplantation,
welche jedoch bei tieferen 2b°igen Verbrennungen immer noch als Therapiestandard gelten sollte. Narbenprophylaxe und regelmäßige Nachkontrollen sind wichtig um
sekundäre Funktionseinschränkungen durch Narbenstränge zu vermeiden. Um zukünftig die Inzidenz des thermischen Traumas im Kindesalter zu senken ist die
prophylaktische Aufklärung und Sensibilisierung der Eltern von großer Wichtigkeit.
Usability von Eingabehilfsmitteln und Ansteuerungsmöglichkeiten im Bereich der Unterstützten Kommunikation
Authors: Sebold Katharina , Renner Gregor 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Studie wurde die Usability (Gebrauchstauglichkeit) von 15 unterschiedlichen technischen Eingabehilfen für Menschen mit schwerer Bewegungseinschränkung erforscht. Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchen, wurde die Usability von 15 unterschiedlichen Eingabemethoden ermittelt. 15 Menschen ohne Behinderung sprachen einen festgelegten Satz und schrieben ihn mit 15 unterschiedlichen Eingabemethoden. 10 weitere Menschen mit Körperbehinderung und schwerer Dysarthrie oder Anarthrie schrieben denselben Satz mit ihrem eigenen Eingabehilfsmittel. Die Usability wurde in den 3 Dimensionen Effizienz als Eingabegeschwindigkeit bzw. Informationstransferrate, Effektivität als Fehlerrate (Verhältnis der korrekten Eingaben zu allen Eingaben mit Fehlern und Fehlerkorrektur) und Zufriedenheit anhand einer angepassten Version des Quest-II-Fragebogens ermittelt. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich bei der Effektivität, dass die Teilnehmer ohne Behinderung mit den Hilfsmitteln die 40- bis 140-fache Zeit im Vergleich zur Lautsprache benötigen, die Teilnehmer mit Behinderung die 13- bis 500-fache Zeit. Durch Fehleingaben und deren Korrektur lag die Effizienz der Eingabe bei den Teilnehmern ohne Behinderung bei 80–100%, bei den Teilnehmern mit Behinderung zwischen 73 und 100%. Die Zufriedenheit lag bei Teilnehmern ohne Behinderung zwischen 3,4 und 5,0 (max.) sowie zwischen 2,8 und 5,0 bei den Teilnehmern mit Behinderung. Insgesamt erzielte die Eingabe durch Standardgeräte wie Tastatur und Maus eine bessere Usability als komplex anzusteuernde Geräte z. B. mit Augensteuerung. Vergleichbare Ansteuerungsarten (Kopfsteuerung, Augensteuerung) erzielen auch eine ähnliche Usability. Die hier untersuchten Usability-Dimensionen Effizienz, Effektivität und Zufriedenheit bei Eingabehilfsmitteln sind auch für den Versorgungsprozess mit Kommunikations- und Schreibhilfsmitteln sinnvoll. Hier sind jedoch nicht nur die Eingabehilfsmittel als solche, sondern die Versorgung mit allen Optimierungsmöglichkeiten wie Wortvorhersage, Autotext usw. einzubeziehen.
Auswirkungen von Stress auf Herz und Gefäße
Authors: Khattab Kerstin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryEs ist von Mensch zu Mensch unterschiedlich, was wir als Stress empfinden, auf welche Stressoren und wie stark wir reagieren. Das Erleben von Stress ist subjektiv, die Auswirkungen auf den Körper sind jedoch objektiv messbar. Chronischer Stress kann sich negativ auf Herz und Gefäße auswirken. Stress gilt als eigenständiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer koronaren Herzerkrankung und Myokardinfarkt. Er kann zudem das vegetative Nervensystem aus seiner Balance bringen und wie ein zentraler Dreh- und Angelpunkt kardiale Risikofaktoren negativ verstärken. Die Folge können Bluthochdruck, Übergewicht, erhöhte Blutzuckerwerte sein sowie negative Einflüsse auf Nikotinkonsum und Fettstoffwechsel. Chronischer Stress kann Ängste verstärken und in einer Erschöpfungsdepression münden. Deshalb sind neben Ausdauer- und Krafttraining mittlerweile auch Entspannungstraining und Stressmanagement fester Bestandteil der kardialen Rehabilitation. Lesen Sie hier, wie Stress auf den Körper wirkt, wie er gemessen werden kann, welche Bedeutung Stress für Herzpatienten hat und wie man die heilende Wirkung von Entspannungstraining erklären kann.
Stellera chamaejasme and Its Main Compound Luteolin 7-O-Glucoside Alleviates Skin Lesions in Oxazolone- and 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Stimulated Murine Models of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jo Beom-Geun , Park No-June , Jegal Jonghwan , Choi Sangho , Lee Sang , Yi Li , Kim Su-Nam , Yang Min 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Stellera chamaejasme, also known as “Langdu”, has been traditionally used for the management of skin-related diseases such as psoriasis and skin ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine whether S. chamaejasme and its major component, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, have a preventive effect on the development of atopic dermatitis in oxazolone-treated BALB/c mice and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-treated hairless mice. The epicutaneous applications of oxazolone and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene evoke an experimental murine atopic dermatitis-like reaction in BALB/c mouse ears and SKH-1 hairless mice. Atopic skin symptoms, including erythema (redness), pruritus (itching), exudation (weeping), excoriation (peeling), and lichenification (skin thickening), responded to treatment with S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract for 2 or 3 weeks. Histopathological examination revealed S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration when applied to atopic dermatitis mice. In addition, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, the major active compound of the S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract, decreased serum IgE and IL-4 levels and transepidermal water loss and increased skin hydration, therefore exhibiting strong anti-atopic dermatitis activity in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis mice. In this study, we confirmed antipruritic and antidermatitic effects of S. chamaejasme extract and its main component luteolin 7-O-glucoside in atopic dermatitis murine models. The study shows S. chamaejasme aerial parts EtOH extract and luteolin 7-O-glucoside are most likely to be potential drug candidates for atopic dermatitis treatment.
Aggressive Periodontitis: A Review
Authors: Singh Baljeet , Garg Avnika , Garg Rahul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAggressive periodontitis, which encompasses a number of clinical entities, probably results from the mobilization of tissue's destructive mechanisms which are common to most forms of periodontal diseases. The unique attributes of the disease process are due to the virulence of the pathogens and the host susceptibility may be due to the heritable or acquired susceptibility factors, which permit expression of periodontitis at a relatively younger age.
Removal of Gutta-Percha from the Root Canals using Three Different Rotary Files
Authors: Gill Harleen , Chhabra Ajay , Jindal Varun , Vats Ankur , Grewal Gurkirat 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn case of failed root canal treatment endodontic retreatment of the root canal system is necessary. The aim of the present study was to compare the gutta-percha removal with Protaper retreatment files (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), K3 (SybronEndo) and Hero Shapers (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Method: Thirty freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were prepared with ProTaper rotary instruments up to file F3 andfilled with 30 # GP cones and AH plus sealer. The teeth were then stored for 1 week. The teeth were divide into 3 retreatment groups (n=10). The gutta-percha was removed using Protaper retreatment files, K3 and Hero Shapers. Teeth were then evaluated using radiographs. Results: Comparing the ratio between clean canals Protaper and K3 showed better debris removal as compared to Hero shaper. But no significance difference was found.
Pre-Definitive Prosthodontic Treatment with Rehabilitation Devices
Authors: Sharma Bhavna , Kaur Ravneet , Kumar Manjit , Sethi Sumit , Singh Nikita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn prosthodontic treatment plan, decisions must be made regarding oral tissue rehabilitation and other necessary pre-prosthetic measures. The rehabilitation prostheses are very useful devices in the field of prosthodontics. It is essential that the mouth should be in an optimal state of health prior to commencing prosthetic treatment and failure to achieve this may produce an unsatisfactory treatment result. Depending on a variety of situations, the dentist may find it necessary to modify the patient's existing dentures or, occasionally, to construct a special appliance. This article deals with several preliminary (non-definitive) treatment options available along with a brief account of their rationale.
Correlation of Tooth Contact Habit in Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorders and Healthy Normal Subjects
Authors: Vasudeva Subhash , Iyengar Asha , Seetaramaiah Nagesh 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Temporomandibular disorders are among the common musculoskeletal conditions affecting the individual. Modern day lifestyle and work environment may introduce abnormal habits like constant tooth contact habit which may have a role in the pathogenesis of temporomandibular disorder. This study aimed to correlate the prevalence of tooth contact habits in individuals suffering from TMD and compare them with that of normal individuals without any signs and symptoms of TMD. Material and Methods: 505 individuals were included in the study. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 255 individuals who presented with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and group 2 consisted of 250 normal individuals. Detailed case history with emphasis on habits of constant tooth contact was recorded. Fischer's t test was used to compare the results between the two groups. Results: In group 1,54.5% of males and 58.02% of females gave a history of tooth contact habit while in group 2 individuals 38.7% males and 39.8% females gave a history of this habit. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females of group 1 with regard to this habit. There was a statistically significant difference between group 1 and group 2 individuals (both males and females combined) with regards to this habit. (p= 0.0003)
Conclusion: Individuals with temporomandibular disorders exhibited higher prevalence of tooth contact habit when compared to normal subjects.
A Simple Surgical Approach for Correction of Deficient Alveolar Ridge for Prospective Fixed Partial Denture Patients: A Clinical Report
Authors: Shrivastav Ambika , Gupta Siddarth 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRehabilitation of patients with deficient Seibert's Class-III ridge mandibular ridge is always a challenge for a dentist. This article discusses the problems faced while rehabilitating such cases and also discusses the surgical and prosthetic management of one such case. A ridge augmentation procedure called as “Roll on Technique” was used to correct the contour of the ride. Fixed partial denture with altered framework design and tissue colored porcelain was used to complete the case. These simple but effective changes helped to give predictable esthetics with illusion of natural teeth.
Blindness! A Terrible Aftermath of Dental Treatment
Authors: Chhabra Vandana , Chhabra Ajay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLocal anesthetics are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Despite preoperative patient evaluation, proper tissue preparation and meticulous administration techniques many local and systemic complications with the local anesthesia or tooth extraction have been reported from time to time. Extension of dental infections from maxillary teeth and other nearby structures to orbital spaces and tissues surrounding the eye present a rare but serious problem with the potential for causing significant impairment. The practioner should be aware of the severe consequences that may result from tooth extraction or local anesthesia.
A Survey of Irrigation Practice among Dental Practitioners in Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Miglani Saurav , Karda Babita , Sarangal Palvi ,   Damanpreet
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine current trends in irrigation practice among the practicing dentists in Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: A self prepared questionnaire comprising of 15 questions was e-mailed to 1970 members of the State Dental Council of Himachal Pradesh. The information gathered was the individual irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, smear layer removal, and use of adjuncts to irrigation. Results: A total of 544 replies were evaluated thus making the response rate of 27.6% for the study. Our data indicated that 38% of respondents primarily use sodium hypochlorite, with 61% of them using it at a concentration >5.0%. Only 21% of respondents aimed to remove the smear layer during endodontic treatment with only 7% using an adjunct to irrigation. Antibacterial activity was rated as the most important reason while selecting an irrigant. Conclusion: In spite of the crucial nature of the irrigation step in the endodontic therapy, the results of the study were not very satisfying especially when it comes to the use of adjuncts or newer irrigating systems. Thus there is need to regularly update and gauge the practices adopted by dental practitioners in the state.
Effect of High Temperature on Composite as Post Endodontic Restoration in Forensic Analysis-An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sharda Krishma , Jindal Varun , Chhabra Ajay ,   Damanpreet,   Dilpreet
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: The present study was done to evaluate and compare the effect of different temperatures (400 C, 800 C and 1000 C) on Composite as post endodontic restoration using Naked eye, Digital camera and Radiovisiography (RVG) in forensic analysis. Methodology: An in vitro study was conducted on 42 human teeth with composite as post endodontic restoration exposed to three temperature ranges: 400°C, 800°C and 1,000°C. Results: Composite material studied in the present research offered great resistance to high temperatures, without exhibiting considerable macrostructure variation, in such a way that physical changes (dimensional stability, fissures, cracks, fractures, texture, color, carbonization and incineration) can be identified and associated to each specific temperature range. Conclusion: Dental tissues and materials offer great resistance to the effect of high temperatures. Moreover, they present specific changes (color, texture, fissures, cracks fractures, fragmentation) which might contribute to the process of identifying a corpse, or burned, incinerated or carbonized human remains.
Evaluation and Comparison of Shear Bond Strengths of Self Etching Primers To Dentin– an In-Vitro Study
Authors: Uppin Veerendra , Sarangi Priyanka , Satapathy Sukanta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn in-vitro evaluation was done to compare shear bond strength of four self etching primer adhesives to dentin. 75 human extracted molar teeth were selected. The occlusal surface of these teeth was ground to remove coronal enamel and expose dentin. The dentinal surface of each tooth was then abraded using series of silicon carbide (320, 400, 600 grit) abrasive paper. Teeth were divided into 5 groups of 15 teeth each and composite post were then built on the bonded surfaces using Z-100 hybrid composite. The teeth were then fractured applying shearing load through universal testing machine. Shear strength values were in the range of 15.96 to 22.64 Mpa. Clearfil S3 gave highest mean shear bond strength whereasAdhe SE gave lowest value of shear strength. Based on this study it could be concluded that contemporary self etching primer adhesives bond successfully to dentin and also their bonding ability seems to be comparable to conventional total etch system.
Sword of Endodontist: A Review
Authors: Mittal Sangam , Kukreja Navneet , Chaudhary Devendra , Bansal Abhishek , Bansal Jyoti , Agarwal Disha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe last decade has been witness to phenomenal growth in endodontic technology. The introduction of these new technologies has resulted in endodontics becoming easier, faster and most importantly, better. NiTi alloys overall are softer than stainless steel, are not heat treatable, have a low modulus of elasticity (about one fourth to one fifth that ofstainless steel) but a greater strength, are tougher and more resilient, andshow shape memory and superelasticity. The latter two properties arethe main reasons why NiTi alloys have succeeded in endodontics. Thepurpose of this article is to review the design features of different rotary instruments used for pulp space preparation. Important mechanical features include thevariability of taper, rake angle, cross-sectional geometry, tip configuration, design of blades, helical angle and pitch. These design features influence flexibility, cutting efficiency and safety. In this review, design features of commonlyused NiTi rotary systems are summarized.
The Effect of Root Canal Taper on the Removal of Smear Layer Using Different Irrigating Solutions: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study
Authors: Jain Atul , Sinha Sonal , Bahuguna Rachana , Kumar Neeraj , Chauhan Raju 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Aim: This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effect of taper and different irrigating agents on the cleanliness of root canal. Materials & Methods: 45 extracted mandibular premolars were divided into three groups, according to the taper produced, 2%, 4% and 6% with Hero Shaper files respectively, which were further divided into subgroups, according to the irrigation regime followed. The teeth were split and subjected to SEM analysis. Results: The results showed that the canals prepared to a taper of 6% and irrigated with 5.2% NaOCl and 25% Citric acid had less debris and smear layer, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: It was concluded that a taper of 6% facilitates irrigant delivery in the canal and 25% Citric acid is more potent demineralising agent than 17% EDTA.