bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumstellar CO in metal-poor stellar winds: the highly irradiated globular cluster star 47 Tucanae V3
Authors: McDonald I , Boyer M L , Groenewegen M A T , Lagadec E , Richards A M S , Sloan G C , Zijlstra A A 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
We report the first detection of circumstellar CO in a globular cluster. Observations with ALMA have detected the CO J = 3–2 and SiO v = 1 J = 8 − 7 transitions at 345 and 344 GHz, respectively, around V3 in 47 Tucanae (NGC 104; [Fe/H] = –0.72 dex), a star on the asymptotic giant branch. The CO line is detected at 7σ at a rest velocity vLSR = –40.6 km s−1 and expansion velocity of 3.2 ± ∼0.4 km s−1. The brighter, asymmetric SiO line may indicate a circumstellar maser. The stellar wind is slow compared to similar Galactic stars, but the dust opacity remains similar to Galactic comparisons. We suggest that the mass-loss rate is set by the levitation of material into the circumstellar environment by pulsations, but that the terminal wind-expansion velocity is determined by radiation pressure on the dust: a pulsation-enhanced dust-driven wind. We suggest the metal-poor nature of the star decreases the grain size, slowing the wind and increasing its density and opacity. Metallic alloys at high altitudes above the photosphere could also provide an opacity increase. The CO line is weaker than expected from Galactic AGB stars, but its strength confirms a model that includes CO dissociation by the strong interstellar radiation field present inside globular clusters.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamus: Mechanisms Related to Nicotine’s Effects on Food Intake
Authors: Calarco Cali A , Picciotto Marina R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Despite health risks associated with smoking, up to 20% of the US population persist in this behavior; many smoke to control body weight or appetite, and fear of post-cessation weight gain can motivate continued smoking. Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and cessation yields an average weight gain of about 4 kg, which is thought to reflect a return to the body weight of a typical nonsmoker. Nicotine replacement therapies can delay this weight gain but do not prevent it altogether, and the underlying mechanism for how nicotine is able to reduce weight is not fully understood. In rodent models, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Manipulation of nAChR subunit expression within the ARC can block the ability of nicotine and the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake; however, it is unknown exactly how this reduces food intake. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical work on nicotine, food intake, and weight gain, then explores the feeding circuitry of the ARC and how it is regulated by nicotine. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis for how nicotine acts on this hypothalamic circuit to reduce food intake.
Implications: This review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the clinical and preclinical work examining nicotine and food intake, as well as a summary of recent work examining feeding circuits of the hypothalamus. Synthesis of these two topics has led to new understanding of how nAChR signaling regulates food intake circuits in the hypothalamus.
Persistence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Drug Resistance Mutations in Proviral Deoxyribonucleic Acid After Virologic Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens
Authors: De La Cruz Justin , Vardhanbhuti Saran , Sahoo Malaya K , Rovner Robert , Bosch Ronald J , Manasa Justen , Katzenstein David A , Pinsky Benjamin A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundEfavirenz (EFV)-based regimens select broad drug resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), limiting the effectiveness of EFV and other NNRTIs. The duration, persistence, and decay of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in the proviral reservoir is not well defined.MethodsParticipants with virologic failure of EFV-based regimens and drug-resistant viremia with the K103N mutation in plasma ribonucleic acid (RNA) were identified from AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) studies A364 and A5095. These individuals received a second-line, boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen with suppression of viremia for up to10 years during long-term follow-up (median = 3.6 years; interquartile range, 2.1–6.9 years). Proviral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells was sequenced to identify the persistence of DRM.ResultsTwenty-eight participants from ACTG 364 and ACTG 5095 were evaluated. Sanger sequencing of proviral DNA detected K103N as well as additional reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) mutations. Ultradeep sequencing confirmed persistence of K103N in 71% of participants with minimal decay over time. In an adjusted model including years since suppression, persistent proviral K103N was 2.6 times more likely (95% confidence interval, 1.0–6.4) per log10 higher human immunodeficiency virus RNA at EFV failure.ConclusionsPersistence of RTI mutations in proviral DNA after virologic failure has implications for the effectiveness of future drug regimens and the recycling of RTI drugs.
Early Cardiac Mitochondrial Molecular and Functional Responses to Acute Anthracycline Treatment in Wistar Rats
Authors: Pereira Gonçalo C , Pereira Susana P , Pereira Francisco B , Lourenço Nuno , Lumini José A , Pereira Claudia V , Bjork James A , Magalhães José , Ascensão António , Wieckowski Mariusz R , Moreno António J , Wallace Kendall B , Oliveira Paulo J 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug widely used to treat human and nonhuman tumors but the late and persistent cardio-toxicity reduces the therapeutic utility of the drug. The full mechanism(s) of DOX-induced acute, subchronic and delayed toxicity, which has a preponderant mitochondrial component, remains unclear; therefore, it is clinically relevant to identify early markers to identify patients who are predisposed to DOX-related cardiovascular toxicity. To address this, Wistar rats (16 weeks old) were treated with a single DOX dose (20 mg/kg, i.p.); then, mRNA, protein levels and functional analysis of mitochondrial endpoints were assessed 24 h later in the heart, liver, and kidney. Using an exploratory data analysis, we observed cardiac-specific alterations after DOX treatment for mitochondrial complexes III, IV, and preferentially for complex I. Conversely, the same analysis revealed complex II alterations are associated with DOX response in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, H2O2 production by the mitochondrial respiratory chain as well as loss of calcium-loading capacity, markers of subchronic toxicity, were not reliable indicators of acute DOX cardiotoxicity in this animal model. By using sequential principal component analysis and feature correlation analysis, we demonstrated for the first time alterations in sets of transcripts and proteins, but not functional measurements, that might serve as potential early acute markers of cardiac-specific mitochondrial toxicity, contributing to explain the trajectory of DOX cardiac toxicity and to develop novel interventions to minimize DOX cardiac liabilities.
Managing Ulcers Associated with Pyoderma Gangrenosum with a Urinary Bladder Matrix and Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
Authors: Dillingham Claire Sanger , Jorizzo Joseph 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare disease that presents as painful ulcerations with inflammation and undermining at the borders. The ulcers can occur anywhere on the body but are most commonly seen on the lower extremities. The etiology of PG is unknown, and there are no definitive diagnostic criteria; PG is a diagnosis of exclusion, which can present serious delays in treatment.Patients should be treated with an interdisciplinary approach with aggressive immunosuppression, treatment of any comorbidities, maximization of nutrition status, reconstructive surgery for treatment of the wound, and physical therapy for deconditioning.This article presents a case study of one patient treated with a porcine urinary bladder matrix and negative-pressure wound therapy; this treatment combination provided pain relief, coverage of the wound, an acceptable aesthetic outcome, and long-term stability.
Implementing a Chronic Wound Care Workshop for Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: White-Chu Elizabeth Foy , Le Tri , Cordrey Renee 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the feasibility of a piloted wound care curriculum within a busy internal medicine (IM) curriculum.

METHODS:
This prospective pilot study was conducted with 89 IM residents at an academic teaching hospital. The residents were provided a 90-minute workshop in chronic wound care. They anonymously completed a clinical vignette to target practice behavior prior to the workshop. The workshop was mixture of didactic and hands-on practice of sharp debridement and wound dressing selection. Three months later, the residents completed the same clinical vignette along with questions on changes and barriers to change in their practice.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Change in behavior of chronic wound care management, measurements of barriers to change in participant continuity clinics.

MAIN RESULTS:
Of the participants, 57 residents (64%) and 25 residents (28%) completed a pre- and postvignette, respectively. Ten (40%) of the postvignette respondents stated that they had made changes in their care. Barriers to change included having a supervising attending physician who is not comfortable with wound care, a lack of wound care resources available in clinic, and a lack of confidence even after the session.

CONCLUSIONS:
It is feasible to insert a chronic wound care education into a busy IM curriculum. Future efforts will be aimed at assessing the wound care needs/resources of the IM outpatient clinics, addressing the comfort of the supervising attending physicians and residents with wound care, and focusing the curriculum on high-yield interventions.
Martorell’s Ulcer Successfully Treated by Wireless Microcurrent Stimulation Technology
Authors: Wirsing Peter G. , Konstantakaki Maria , Poulas Konstantinos A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Martorell’s ulcers are hard-to-heal leg ulcers typically accompanied by a significant elevation of blood pressure and severe pain. This case study examines the use of an innovative technology, wireless microcurrent stimulation, for the healing of a Martorell’s ulcer. Using wireless microcurrent stimulation, study authors managed to reduce the size of a large Martorell’s ulcer by 90% within 8 weeks. In this article, the case of a 65-year-old woman is discussed in detail, and this new, contactless method is compared with traditional ulcer healing methods.
Allogeneic Versus Autologous Injectable Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Knee Osteoarthritis: Review and Current Status
Authors: Mautner Kenneth , Carr Devon , Whitley Jeremy , Bowers Robert 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading cause of joint disease in the United States. Conventional conservative interventions are often ineffective in providing long-term improvements in pain and function, and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy provides a promising treatment option. The traditional source of MSCs was of autologous origin; however, allogeneic MSC treatments are gaining popularity.

Objectives:
To review the current literature and perform a best evidence synthesis regarding the use of injectable allogeneic and autologous MSCs for the treatment of knee OA.

Results:
Although many studies were limited by sample size and lack of a control group, there were 19 studies that assessed injectable MSC therapy for knee OA, and most shown potential to improve pain and function. There were no studies that compared autologous versus allogeneic MSC injections, and only 1 study that compared adipose-derived versus bone marrow–derived MSC injections that showed significant improvements in pain and function but no significant differences between injection groups.

Conclusions:
MSC therapies in the treatment of knee OA are safe and have shown promising results but the available studies are limited. At this time, no definitive recommendations can be made regarding which MSC source to use. Allogeneic MSCs offer theoretical advantages over autologous MSCs, especially in ease of use and consistency of product, but there are concerns regarding cell viability and vitality, as well as the body’s response to nonautologous products. Future clinical trials should focus on randomized head-to-head comparisons of MSC sources as well as the use of multiple injections for patients with knee OA.
The Gastrointestinal Subsyndrome of the Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rhesus Macaques: A Systematic Review of the Lethal Dose-response Relationship With and Without Medical Management
Authors: MacVittie Thomas J. , Farese Ann M. , Parker George A. , Jackson William , Booth Catherine , Tudor Gregory L. , Hankey Kim G. , Potten Christopher S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Well-characterized animal models that mimic the human response to potentially lethal doses of radiation are required to assess the efficacy of medical countermeasures under the criteria of the US Food and Drug Administration’s Animal Rule. Development of a model for the gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome requires knowledge of the radiation dose-response relationship and time course of mortality and morbidity across the acute and prolonged gastrointestinal radiation syndrome. The nonhuman primate, rhesus macaque, is a relevant animal model that has been used to determine the efficacy of medical countermeasures to mitigate major signs of morbidity and mortality relative to the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome, and lung injury. It can be used to assess the natural history of gastrointestinal damage, concurrent multiple organ injury, and aspects of the mechanism of action for acute radiation exposure and treatment. A systematic review of relevant studies that determined the dose-response relationship for the gastrointestinal acute and prolonged radiation syndrome in the rhesus macaque relative to radiation dose, quality, dose rate, exposure uniformity, and use of medical management has never been performed.
Proteomic Evaluation of the Acute Radiation Syndrome of the Gastrointestinal Tract in a Murine Total-body Irradiation Model
Authors: Huang Weiliang , Yu Jianshi , Jones Jace W. , Carter Claire L. , Pierzchalski Keely , Tudor Gregory , Booth Catherine , MacVittie Thomas J. , Kane Maureen A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Radiation exposure to the gastrointestinal system contributes to the acute radiation syndrome in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Molecular mechanisms that lead to the gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome remain incompletely understood. Using a murine model of total-body irradiation, C57BL/6J male mice were irradiated at 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy and assayed at day 1, 3, and 6 after exposure and compared to nonirradiated (sham) controls. Tryptic digests of gastrointestinal tissues (upper ileum) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on a Waters nanoLC coupled to a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer. Pathway and gene ontology analysis were performed with Qiagen Ingenuity, Panther GO, and DAVID databases. A number of trends were identified in our proteomic data including pronounced protein changes as well as protein changes that were consistently up regulated or down regulated at all time points and dose levels interrogated. Time- and dose-dependent protein changes, canonical pathways affected by irradiation, and changes in proteins that serve as upstream regulators were also identified. Additionally, proteins involved in key processes including inflammation, radiation, and retinoic acid signaling were identified. The proteomic profiling conducted here represents an untargeted systems biology approach to identify acute molecular events that will be useful for a greater understanding of animal models and may be potentially useful toward the development of medical countermeasures and/or biomarkers.
Dosimetric Comparison of Four Different Techniques for Supraclavicular Irradiation in 3D-conformal Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Firouzjah Razzagh Abedi , Banaei Amin , Farhood Bagher , Bakhshandeh Mohsen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to compare and evaluated the dosimetric characteristics of esophagus, spinal cord, carotid artery, lungs, and brachial plexus in patients with breast cancer undergoing four various techniques of supraclavicular irradiation. By keeping unchanged the breast tangential radiotherapy fields, four different treatment field arrangements were created to irradiate the supraclavicular region as follows: (1) four field (4F; 1 anterior-posterior and 1 posterior-anterior), (2) six field (6F; 2 anterior-posterior and 2 posterior-anterior), (3) five field-1 (5F-1; 2 anterior-posterior and 1 posterior-anterior), and (4) five field-2 (5F-2; 1 anterior-posterior and 2 posterior-anterior). Then, the dosimetric parameters for the above-mentioned organs were evaluated. The mean dose (D
mean) of the esophagus had significant difference between 6F and 5F-2 techniques. For the spinal cord, the D
mean dosimetric parameter demonstrated significant difference between the 4F and 6F techniques, and between the 4F and 5F-1 techniques, with lower values for the 4F technique. There was no significant difference between the different irradiation techniques in all the dosimetric parameters for the carotid artery. The D
mean of the left lung significantly differed between the 4F and 5F-2 techniques, with lower values for the 5F-2 technique. Furthermore, the V
20Gy dosimetric parameter had significant difference between the 4F and 6F, and also 4F and 5F-2, techniques with lower values for 5F-2. The maximum dose (D
max) of the brachial plexus showed significant difference between the two techniques of 5F. The V
45Gy dosimetric parameter of the brachial plexus revealed significant difference between the 4F and 6F techniques, and also between the 4F and 5F-1 techniques, with lower values for 5F-1. In general, these techniques had similar dosimetric results, with little differences. The dosimetric parameters for the esophagus and lung showed better results with the 5F-2 technique in comparison with other techniques. Dosimetric results for the brachial plexus and spinal cord improved with the 5F-1 and 4F techniques, respectively, against other techniques. Dose distribution for the carotid artery did not differ in the four irradiation techniques.
Integrating Patient Education Into the Glaucoma Clinical Encounter: A Lean Analysis
Authors: Newman-Casey Paula A. , Musser John A. , Niziol Leslie M. , Heisler Michele M. , Kamat Shivani S. , Shah Manjool M. , Patel Nish , Cohn Amy M. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to use Lean analysis to identify how often and when wait times occur during a glaucoma visit to identify opportunities for additional patient engagement.

Methods:
This prospective observational time-motion study measured process and wait times for 77 patient visits from 12 ophthalmologists at an academic glaucoma clinic over a 3-month period. Value stream maps visually diagramed the process of a clinical visit from the patient’s perspective. Descriptive statistics were calculated for process times, wait times, and the frequency of 10+ minute wait times during each part of the visit. Key stakeholders participated in a root cause analysis to identify reasons for long wait times. The main outcome measure was average times (hours: minutes: seconds) for process times and wait times.

Results:
Twenty-nine new visit (NV) patients and 48 return visit (RV) patients were included. Total time in clinic was 187.1±44.5 (mean±SD) minutes for NV patients and 102.0±44.7 minutes for RV patients. Wait time for NV patients was 63.7±33.4 minutes (33.1% of total appointment time) and for RV patients was 52.6±31.6 minutes (49.4% of the total appointment time). All NV patients and 87.5% of RV patients had at least one 10+ minute wait time during their clinic visit and the majority (75.9% NV, 60.4% RV) had >1.

Conclusions:
Currently, sufficient wait time exists during the visit for key portions of glaucoma education such as teaching eye drop instillation.
Coverage rate of ADME genes from commercial sequencing arrays
Authors: Zaid Nabil , Limami Youness , Senhaji Nezha , Errafiy Nadia , Khalki Loubna , Bakri Youssef , Zaid Younes , Amzazi Saaid 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pharmacogenomics offers remarkable potential for the rapid translation of discoveries into changes in clinical practice. In the present work, we are interested in evaluating the ability of commercially available genome-wide association sequencing chips to cover genes that have high pharmacogenomics potential.
We used a set of 2794 variations within 369 absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) genes of interest, as previously defined in collaboration with the Pharma ADME consortium. We have compared the Illumina TrueSeq and both Agilent SureSelect and HaloPlex sequencing technologies. We have developed Python scripts to evaluate the coverage for each of these products. In particular, we considered a specific list of 155 allelic variants in 34 genes which present high pharmacogenomics potential. Both the theoretical and practical coverage was assessed.
Given the need to have a good coverage to establish confidently the functionality of an enzyme, the observed rates are unlikely to provide sufficient evidence for pharmacogenomics studies. We assessed the coverage using enrichment technology for exome sequencing using the Illumina Trueseq exome, Agilent SureSelectXT1 V4 and V5, and Haloplex exome, which offer a coverage of 96.12%, 91.61%, and 88.38%, respectively.
Although pharmacogenomic advances had been limited in the past due in part to the lack of coverage of commercial genotyping chips, it is anticipated that future studies that make use of new sequencing technologies should offer a greater potential for discovery.