bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Enhancement of Hippocampal Network Connectivity by Parietal rTMS Is Reproducible
Authors: Freedberg Michael , Reeves Jack A. , Toader Andrew C. , Hermiller Molly S. , Voss Joel L. , Wassermann Eric M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWang et al. (2014) found that that five daily sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) significantly increased functional connectivity (FC) in a network centered on the hippocampus, and caused a correlated increase in memory performance. However, this finding has not been reproduced independently and the requirement for five sessions has not been validated. We aimed to reproduce the imaging results of this experiment, focusing on hippocampal FC changes and using fewer days of rTMS. We measured resting state FC before and after three (N= 9) or four (N= 6) consecutive daily PPC rTMS sessions, using similar delivery parameter settings as Wang et al. (2014). Eight subjects received 3 d of rTMS delivered to the vertex as a control. We employed whole-brain and hypothesis-based statistical approaches to test for hippocampal FC changes. Additionally, we calculated FC in 17 brain networks to determine whether the topographic pattern of FC change was similar between studies. We did not include behavioral testing in this study. PPC, but not vertex, rTMS caused significant changes in hippocampal FC to the same regions as in the previous study. Brain-wide changes in hippocampal FC significantly exceeded changes in global connectedness, indicating that the effect of PPC rTMS was specific to the hippocampal network. Baseline hippocampal FC, measured before receiving stimulation, predicted the degree of rTMS-induced hippocampal FC as in the previous study. These findings reproduce the imaging findings of Wang et al. (2014) and show that FC enhancement can occur after only three to four sessions of PPC rTMS.
Insular Cortex Projections to Nucleus Accumbens Core Mediate Social Approach to Stressed Juvenile Rats
Authors: Rogers-Carter Morgan M. , Djerdjaj Anthony , Gribbons K. Bates , Varela Juan A. , Christianson John P. 
Published: October 2019

Social interactions are shaped by features of the interactants, including age, emotion, sex, and familiarity. Age-specific responses to social affect are evident when an adult male rat is presented with a pair of unfamiliar male conspecifics, one of which is stressed via two foot shocks and the other naive to treatment. Adult test rats prefer to interact with stressed juvenile (postnatal day 30, PN30) conspecifics but avoid stressed adult (PN50) conspecifics. This pattern depends upon the insular cortex (IC), which is anatomically connected to the nucleus accumbens core (NAc). The goal of this work was to test the necessity of IC projections to NAc during social affective behavior. Here, bilateral pharmacological inhibition of the NAc with tetrodotoxin (1 μm; 0.5 μl/side) abolished the preference for stressed PN30, but did not alter interactions with PN50 conspecifics. Using a combination of retrograding tracing and c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we report that social interactions with stressed PN30 conspecifics elicit greater Fos immunoreactivity in IC → NAc neurons than interactions with naive PN30 conspecifics. Chemogenetic stimulation of IC terminals in the NAc increased social exploration with juvenile, but not adult, conspecifics, whereas chemogenetic inhibition of this tract blocked the preference to investigate stressed PN30 conspecifics, which expands upon our previous finding that optogenetic inhibition of IC projection neurons mediated approach and avoidance. These new findings suggest that outputs of IC to the NAc modulate social approach, which provides new insight to the neural circuitry underlying social decision-making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSocial decision-making underlies an animal's behavioral response to others in a range of social contexts. Previous findings indicate the insular cortex (IC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play important roles in social behaviors, and human neuroimaging implicates both IC and NAc in autism and other psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant social cognition. To test whether IC projections to the NAc are involved in social decision-making, circuit-specific chemogenetic manipulations demonstrated that the IC → NAc pathway mediates social approach toward distressed juvenile, but not adult, conspecifics. This finding is the first to implicate this circuit in rodent socioemotional behaviors and may be a neuroanatomical substrate for integration of emotion with social reward.
Biallelic Mutations inTSC2Lead to Abnormalities Associated with Cortical Tubers in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons
Authors: Winden Kellen D. , Sundberg Maria , Yang Cindy , Wafa Syed M.A. , Dwyer Sean , Chen Pin-Fang , Buttermore Elizabeth D. , Sahin Mustafa 
Published: October 2019

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations inTSC1orTSC2. Patients frequently have epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and/or intellectual disability, as well as other systemic manifestations. In this study, we differentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a female patient with TSC with one or two mutations inTSC2into neurons using induced expression of NGN2 to examine neuronal dysregulation associated with the neurological symptoms in TSC. Using this method, neuronal differentiation was comparable between the three genotypes of iPSCs. We observed thatTSC2+/−neurons show mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) hyperactivation and associated increased cell body size and process outgrowth, as well as exacerbation of the abnormalities by loss of the second allele ofTSC2inTSC2−/−neurons. Interestingly, iPSC-derived neurons with either a single or biallelic mutation inTSC2demonstrated hypersynchrony and downregulation of FMRP targets. However, only neurons with biallelic mutations ofTSC2demonstrated hyperactivity and transcriptional dysregulation observed in cortical tubers. These data demonstrate that loss of one allele ofTSC2is sufficient to cause some morphological and physiological changes in human neurons but that biallelic mutations inTSC2are necessary to induce gene expression dysregulation present in cortical tubers. Finally, we found that treatment of iPSC-derived neurons with rapamycin reduced neuronal activity and partially reversed gene expression abnormalities, demonstrating that mTOR dysregulation contributes to both phenotypes. Therefore, biallelic mutations inTSC2and associated molecular dysfunction, including mTOR hyperactivation, may play a role in the development of cortical tubers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn this study, we examined neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells with two, one, or no functionalTSC2(tuberous sclerosis complex 2) alleles and found that loss of one or both alleles ofTSC2results in mTORC1 hyperactivation and specific neuronal abnormalities. However, only biallelic mutations inTSC2resulted in elevated neuronal activity and upregulation of cell adhesion genes that is also observed in cortical tubers. These data suggest that loss of heterozygosity ofTSC1orTSC2may play an important role in the development of cortical tubers, and potentially epilepsy, in patients with TSC.
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Purification of Waste Animal Fats and Crude Biodiesel
Authors: Petračić Ana , Parlov Vuković Jelena , Šimičević Albina , Furač Dora , Ćurić Marija , Sander Aleksandra 
Published: October 2019

U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost primjene niskotemperaturnih eutektičkih otapala za ekstrakcijsku deacidifikaciju otpadnih životinjskih masti te uklanjanje glicerola i glicerida iz sirovog biodizela. Istraživanje je uključilo odabir povoljnog katalizatora te masenog omjera katalizatora, metanola i masti koji bi rezultirali najvećom konverzijom triglicerida u metilne estere masnih kiselina. Definirano je potrebno vrijeme pročišćavanja sirovog biodizela te optimalan maseni omjer otapala i sirovog biodizela. Ekstrakcijskom deacidifikacijom pomoću niskotemperaturnog eutektičkog otapala na bazi kalijeva karbonata uspješno je reducirana kiselost sirovine uz relativno mali utrošak otapala (maseni omjer otapala i masti: 0,25 : 1,00) i kratko vrijeme trajanja procesa (30 min). Kalijev hidroksid pokazao se kao učinkovitiji katalizator. Udio katalizatora u reakcijskoj smjesi utječe više na konverziju masti od udjela metanola. Udio glicerola i glicerida reduciran je ekstrakcijom pomoću niskotemperaturnog eutektičkog otapala na bazi kolin klorida na vrijednosti manje od standardom propisane vrijednosti (EN 14214:2019). Odabrano se otapalo pokazalo selektivnim zbog toga što nije došlo do redukcije udjela metilnih estera. Pri masenom omjeru otapala i biodizela 1 : 1 i 90 min trajanja ekstrakcije postignuti su najbolji rezultati. Pročišćeni biodizel također zadovoljava standard kvalitete s obzirom na udio estera, gustoću i viskoznost.
3D angle-independent Doppler and speckle tracking for the myocardium and blood flow
Authors: McDicken Norman , Thomson Adrian , White Audrey , Toor Iqbal , Gray Gillian , Moran Carmel , Watson Robin J , Anderson Tom 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technology based on velocity ratio indices is described for application in the myocardium. Angle-independent Doppler indices, such as the pulsatility index, which employ velocity ratios, can be measured even if the ultrasound beam vector at the moving target and the motion vector are not in a known plane. The unknown plane situation is often encountered when an ultrasound beam interrogates sites in the myocardium. The velocities employed in an index calculation must be close to the same or opposite directions. The Doppler velocity ratio indices are independent of angle in 3D space as are ratio indices based on 1D strain and 1D speckle tracking. Angle-independent results with spectral Doppler methods are discussed. Possible future imaging techniques based on velocity ratios are presented. By using indices that involve ratios, several other sources of error cancel in addition to that of angular dependence for example errors due to less than optimum gain settings and beam distortion. This makes the indices reliable as research or clinical tools. Ratio techniques can be readily implemented with current commercial blood flow pulsed wave duplex Doppler equipment or with pulsed wave tissue Doppler equipment. In 70 patients where the quality of the real-time B-mode looked suitable for the Doppler velocity ratio technique, there was only one case where clear spectra could not be obtained for both the LV wall and the septum. A reproducibility study of spectra from the septum of the heart shows a 12% difference in velocity ratios in the repeat measurements.
A bélendometriosis miatt végzett műtétek hatása a fertilitásra
Authors: Brubel Réka , Dobó Noémi , Csibi Noémi , Kövesdi Annamária , Máté Szabolcs , Ács Nándor , Lukovich Péter , Murber Ákos , Bokor Attila 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Bowel endometriosis is when endometrial-like tissue penetrates the bowel serosa, or it reaches the subserous neurovascular plexus. The effect of surgery for colorectal endometriosis on infertility and pregnancy is not fully proven. Aim: The aim of the present study was to analyse the pregnancy outcome and mode of delivery of patients who underwent ’nerve sparing’ anterior resection of the colon. Method: Between 2009 and 2017, we operated 121 patients with bowel endometriosis, and built up a prospective database where we assessed their wish of pregnancy, the way of the conception, pathologies during pregnancy and mode of delivery. Statistical analysis: The relationship between endometriosis and pregnancy pathologies was tested by a χ2 probe and Fisher’s exact test, additionally the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined. For p<0.05, the result was considered significant. Results: Out of 121 bowel endometriosis patients, 48 (39.6%) women got pregnant, 37 (30.5%) of them with in vitro fertilisation. The control group was built from patients who underwent in vitro fertilisation because of andrological factors. We found that women with endometriosis have a significantly higher risk for praeeclampsia (p = 0.023) and placenta praevia (p = 0.045) during pregnancy. Conclusions: Our study is a unique description of pregnancy outcome and mode of delivery after surgery for bowel endometriosis, which, despite the small number of cases, has yielded similar results to the previous multicentric studies. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(41): 1633–1638.
Középfül-haemangioma endoszkópos műtéti megoldása és irodalmi áttekintése
Authors: Hirschberg Andor , Pozsgay Erzsébet , Erős Mónika , Liktor Balázs 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: The endoscopic middle ear surgery as a new technique has been introduced during the past few years in our country and it is available in only a few hospitals. Beyond the lack of external incision, endoscopic transcanal approach provides wide field of view to previously hidden middle ear spaces compared to the traditional microscopic technique. In this case report, we present an endoscopic surgery of middle ear capillary haemangioma that is a rare entity in tympanic cavity, therefore little has been published in the literature. Generally, these kind of vascular tumours occur in the internal auditory canal or in the perigeniculate ganglion area while this lesion originated from the inner surface of the inferior part of the bony tympanic ring. We discuss the difficulties in differential diagnosis and imaging tests then the treatment options. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(41): 1639–1643.
A hüvelyi CO2-lézer-kezelés rövid távú hatásai a menopausalis genitourinalis szindróma tüneteire
Authors: Kozma Bence , Póka Róbert , Sipos Attila , Ács Nándor , Takács Péter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) affects up to 40–57% of postmenopausal women. Intravaginal microablative fractional CO2 laser is a new proposal for the management of GSM, although the evidence of safety and efficacy of the procedure appears to be insufficient. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser for the treatment of GSM at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Debrecen. Method: Postmenopausal women with symptoms of GSM underwent three sessions of microablative fractional rejuvenation CO2 laser therapy at 4–6 weeks intervals. Vaginal health index (VHI) scores were completed before each treatment and at 6 weeks follow-up as an objective measurement and visual analog scale was used to assess subjective complaints. Statistical analysis included Student’s paired two-sampling t-test for the measure of statistical significance using the standard cutoff for significance p<0.05. Results: 51 women participated (mean age 57.0 ± 9.9 y). Average VHI score was 14.0 ± 4.9 before treatment, 15.0 ± 4.7 after the first session, 18.2 ± 4.6 after the second treatment and 19.5 ± 4.9 at follow-up. The improvement of VHI score was statistically significant between all sessions. Average VAS score was 15.6 ± 14.1 before treatment, 9.0 ± 10.8 after the first session, 5.9 ± 9.2 after the second treatment and 3.4 ± 7.5 at follow-up. The improvement of VAS score was statistically also significant between all sessions. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the fractional CO2 laser is an effective and safe treatment of symptoms associated with GSM. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(41): 1617–1622.
The Impact of Vocabulary Knowledge on the Reading Comprehension of Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Al-Khasawneh Fadi 
Published: October 2019

Vocabulary knowledge is the building block of learning a second language and the degree of success for learning any language depends on the amount of vocabulary a learner possesses. Vocabulary knowledge contributes to mastering language skills (reading, listening, writing, and speaking). Therefore, the present study aims at determining the role of vocabulary size in reading comprehension among Saudi EFL learners. The participants of this study included 64 male students who studied at the first level in the academic year 2018/2019 at King Khalid University. Both the Vocabulary Size Test developed by (Schmitt et al.) and reading comprehension test taken from the TOEFL preparation manual were used to collect the necessary data for the study. The results of the study revealed that the overall vocabulary size of Saudi EFL learners was 2025 word families. This amount helps students to comprehend 90% of written texts as pointed out by many researchers in this field. The results also showed a significant relationship between vocabulary size and reading comprehension. Vocabulary knowledge is an important predictor for comprehending written texts. The study provides some implications for educational stakeholders such as putting more emphasis on teaching vocabulary and using different teaching strategies that assist in the acquisition of vocabulary in general and academic vocabulary in particular.
Keywords: vocabulary knowledge; vocabulary depth; vocabulary breadth; reading comprehension; Saudi EFL learners.
Geostatistical Approach for Groundwater Quality Evaluation in Zarin Abad Plain, Iran
Authors: Taheri Tizro Abdollah , Mohamadi Mohamad 
Published: October 2019

Background and Purpose: This study was undertaken, first, to investigate the hydrogeological setting of the study area and geophysical data, second to examine the general nature of the groundwater quality. In this regard, ordinary Kriging, Co-Kriging, and Inverse Weighted Distance (IWD) strategies were applied to develop spatial variability maps, and study the fluctuations in groundwater quality parameters in Zarin Abad plain, Zanjan Province, Iran in 2017-2018.
Materials and methods: To inquire the groundwater quality parameters, samples were provided from 61 shallow and deeply drilled observed wells in Zarin Abad Goltapeh plain. The studies were carried out by using geostatistical methods to find out the most applicable method, which can be used to develop spatial variability maps in order to study the changes in groundwater quality parameters (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3-, Cl- and EC). The local geophysical, geological, and hydrogeological surveys were precisely accomplished to specify the architecture of various subsurface geological horizons. In addition, a geophysical investigation with a Schlumberger configuration was performed in the study region for the purpose of field data generation.
Results: Based on key results, the values of electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded within the range of 480 and 6580 μS/cm. The order of major cations and anions were Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+ and SO42->Cl->HCO3-, respectively. It is worthwhile mentioning that groundwater salinity was found to be dependent upon factors, such as water long residence time and minerals dissolution.
Conclusion: To assess the spatial distribution in groundwater parameters, the variable mode was used. The results obtained from Kriging, Co-Kriging, and IDW methods were then evaluated by the error indices of RMSE and MAE. Co-Kriging Model was the most optimal approach in studying the spatial variation of groundwater quality parameters.
Evaluation of Managerial Skills among Pharmacists in South of Iran Running Title: Managerial Skills among Pharmacists
Authors: Bastani Peivand , Keshavarz Khosro , Samadbeik Mahnaz , Mahmoudi Mehr Maryam , Yousefi Alireza , Bordbar5 Najmeh 
Published: October 2019

Background and purpose: According to the importance of managerial skills in both public and private pharmacies, this study aimed to investigate the managerial skills of technical officers of pharmacies in south of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 124 technical officers and 113 personnel working in the pharmacies in Shiraz in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed containing demographic questions (age, sex, and work experience), place of study, pharmacy ownership, and type of pharmacy, and 17 other questions to evaluate the managerial skills of the technical officers from their own self-assessment and their personnel viewpoints. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by experts, and its reliability was confirmed by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85. Data was analyzed applying SPSS23 through descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests (α=5%).
Results: This study showed that from the perspective of the personnel working in pharmacies, the skill of “time management” was in a desirable condition, and the skill of “conflict management” was in an undesirable condition. Based on the results of the self-assessment of technical officers, their managerial skills were significantly related to gender, age, work experience, and pharmacy ownership. Accordingly, the female technical officers under 30 years of age, with a work experience of less than 16 years, who were working in public pharmacies assigned better scores to their managerial skills.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is necessary to improve the managerial skills of technical officers specially their ability of conflict management through appropriate training, and examine the impact of demographic factors and the characteristic of pharmacies on their managerial skills.
Epidemiological Study of Tuberculosis in Northern Iran
Authors: Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Hosseinnataj Abolfazl , Vahedi Mohammad , Abdollahi Fatemeh 
Published: October 2019

Background & Purpose: One of the most important united nation Millennium Development Goals is to control Tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to identify the high-risk areas of TB and other related factors of it in an epidemiological study.
Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, the records of 1566 TB infected patients in healthcare centers of 17 cities of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were investigated during 2009-2013 years. Information of patients was gathered using a check list. The collected data was then analyzed using chi-square.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.17± 20.6 years. The 5-year incidence rate was 12.14 in 100,000 populations. Cities in the east of Province (Sari, Behshahr, and Neka) had highest incidence rate (about 16 cases in 100,000 population). The incidence rate was different based on gender as, 15.3 % of the men and 10.2 % of the women were infected. The median delay time in the diagnosis was 34 days.
Conclusions: The incidence rate of TB in Mazandaran was found to be almost similar to the previous reported rate in Iran. High incidence rate in east of province may be due to bordering to the Golestan Province as the immigrant province. The short delay time of TB diagnosis during this period indicated the well health services practices in this province. More attention should be paid to high risk areas for identification and giving education to those patients.
Arkadaş Kıskançlık Ölçeği’nin (AKÖ) Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: AKAN Yunus 
Published: October 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı, ergenlerin kıskançlık düzeylerini ölçebilmek amacıyla
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Elde edilen veriler üzerinde
açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Uygulanan faktör analizi
sonucu özdeğeri 1’in üzerinde olan, en
az üç maddeye sahip ve toplam varyansın %59,51’ini açıklayan 6 faktörlü bir yapı
elde edilmiştir. Güvenirlik çalışmalarında ise iç tutarlık katsayıları; tüm
ölçek için .920, alt ölçekler için ise sırasıyla .904, .833, .634, .711, .709
ve .659 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Test tekrar test sonucuna göre hem tüm ölçeğin
hem de ölçeğin alt boyutlarının birinci ve ikinci uygulaması arasında yüksek
düzeyde, pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Aynı veri seti
üzerinden DFA yapılmış ve uyum indeksi değerlerinin kabul edilebilir derecede
uyumlu olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.