bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Relationships and Functional Impairment in Aging Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Social Network Study
Authors: Guida Jennifer L , Holt Cheryl L , Dallal Cher M , He Xin , Gold Robert , Liu Hongjie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The intersection of cancer, treatment, and aging accelerates functional decline. Social networks, through the provision of social support and resources, may slow the progression of functional deterioration. Socioemotional selectivity theory posits that aging and major life events, like cancer, cause an intentional social network pruning to procure and maintain emotionally fulfilling bonds, while shedding weaker, less supportive relationships. However, it is relatively unknown if such network changes impact functional impairment in cancer survivors. This study examined the relationships between changes in the egocentric social network and functional impairment in older adult cancer survivors and a similarly aged group without cancer (older adults).

Research Design and Methods
Data were analyzed from 1,481 community dwelling older adults (n = 201 cancer survivors) aged 57–85 years, from Waves 1 and 2 (2005–2006 and 2010–2011) of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project. Associations were analyzed with multiple logistic regression.

Results
Cancer survivors and older adults reported similar levels of functional impairment and social network change. Adding 2 new relationships exhibited protective effects against functional impairment, irrespective of cancer status (odds ratio [OR]: 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–0.99). Declines in frequent contact were associated with higher odds of functional impairment among cancer survivors (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.15–3.20). Social network components were not significantly associated with functional impairment in older adults.

Discussion and Implications
Adding new relationships may reduce disability in older adults and increasing network contact may help cancer survivors remain independent. Social network interventions may improve quality of life for older adults.
Developing the knowledge base needed to sustainably manage mesopelagic resources
Authors: Hidalgo Manuel , Browman Howard I 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Recent estimates suggest that the mesopelagic zone could contain a total fish biomass of 2-19.5 gigatonnes, roughly equivalent to 100 times the annual catch of all existing fisheries. In addition to the possibility of direct consumption of mesopelagic species, there is interest in their use for fishmeal, as a source of dietary supplements for humans, and to bio-prospect pharmaceuticals. All of this, and the demands for a global food supply that can feed an ever-growing population, has driven interest in the mesopelagic. Thus, accurate quantification of the biomass of mesopelagic resources, their nutritional and genetic composition, their links to other components of the food web, to other oceanic realms and to biological and chemical oceanographic processes and cycles, are the focus of growing research activity. This information is needed to ensure the sustainable management of these resources. In this introduction, we summarize the contributions included in this theme set and provide some “food for thought” on the state-of-the-art in research on the mesopelagic, including identifying the knowledge that must be generated to support its sustainable management (e.g. the effect that extracting significant biomass might have on the pelagic ecosystem and the flow of material and energy through it).
Physiological responses of juvenile Chilean scallops (Argopecten purpuratus) to isolated and combined environmental drivers of coastal upwelling
Authors: Ramajo Laura , Fernández Carolina , Núñez Yolanda , Caballero Paz , Lardies Marco A , Poupin María Josefina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Coastal biota is exposed to continuous environmental variability as a consequence of natural and anthropogenic processes. Responding to heterogeneous conditions requires the presence of physiological strategies to cope with the environment. Ecosystems influenced by upwelling endure naturally cold, acidic and hypoxic conditions, nevertheless they sustain major fisheries worldwide. This suggests that species inhabiting upwelling habitats possess physiological adaptations to handle high environmental variability. Here, we assessed the impact of the main upwelling drivers (temperature, pH and oxygen) in isolation and combined on eco-physiological responses of Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. A. purpuratus responded to hypoxia by increasing their metabolic performance to maintain growth and calcification. Calcification was only affected by pH and increased under acidic conditions. Further, A. purpuratus juveniles prioritized calcification at the expense of growth under upwelling conditions. Increasing temperature had a significant impact by enhancing the physiological performance of A. purpuratus juveniles independently of oxygen and pH conditions, but this was associated with earlier and higher mortalities. Our results suggest that A. purpuratus is acclimated to short-term colder, acidic and hypoxic conditions, and provide important information of how this species responds to the heterogeneous environment of upwelling, which is significantly relevant in the climatic context of upwelling intensification.
Research Frontiers in Oral Toxicities of Cancer Therapies: Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws
Authors: Spijkervet Frederik K L , Brennan Michael T , Peterson Douglas E , Witjes Max J H , Vissink Arjan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe deleterious effects of head and neck radiation on bone, with osteoradionecrosis (ORN) as the major disabling side effect of head and neck cancer treatment, are difficult to prevent and hard to treat. This review focuses on the current state of the science regarding the pathobiology, clinical impact, and management of ORN. With regard to the pathobiology underlying ORN, it is not yet confirmed whether the current radiation schedules by 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity modified radiotherapy result in an unchanged, decreased, or increased risk of developing ORN when compared with conventional radiation treatment, the main risk factor being the total radiation dose delivered on any clinically significant surface of the mandible.With regard to the prevention of ORN, a thorough, early pre-irradiation dental assessment is still considered the first step to reduce the hazard of developing ORN post-radiotherapy, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment reduces the risk of developing ORN in case of dental surgery in an irradiated field.With regard to the treatment of ORN, the focus is bidirectional: elimination of the necrotic bone and improving the vascularity of the normal tissues that were included in the radiation portal. The cure rate of limited ORN by conservative therapy is approximately 50%, and the cure rate of surgical approaches when conservative therapy has failed is approximately 40%.Whether it is effective to support conservative or surgical treatment with HBO as an adjuvant is not set. HBO treatment is shown to increase the vascularity of hard and soft tissues and has been reported to be beneficial in selected cases. However, in randomized clinical trials comparing the preventive effect of HBO on developing ORN with, eg, antibiotic coverage in patients needing dental surgery, the preventive effect of HBO was not shown to surpass that of a more conservative approach.More recently, pharmacologic management was introduced in the treatment of ORN with success, but its efficacy has to be confirmed in randomized clinical trials. The major problem of performing well-designed randomized clinical trials in ORN is having access to large numbers of patients with well-defined, comparable cases of ORN. Because many institutions will not have large numbers of such ORN cases, national and international scientific societies must be approached to join multicenter trials. Fortunately, the interest of funding organizations and the number researchers with an interest in healthy aging is growing. Research aimed at prevention and reduction of the morbidity of cancer treatment fits well within these programs.
Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions on Young Refugees' Social Adjustment: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahmadi Forooshani Sayedhabibollah , Izadikhah Zahra , Renzaho Andre M. N , O'Connor Peter J 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of existing psychological interventions on the social adjustment of young refugees. From 51 peer-reviewed articles identified in the literature, 11 studies with 25 therapeutic effect sizes met criteria for inclusion (N = 1,736). Hedges’ g was used to measure effect sizes and a random-effects model was conducted. The number of sessions and participant age were considered as potential moderator variables in moderator analyses through meta-regression. The effect sizes of the included studies were compared based on the type of intervention. The results showed that the aggregated effect size for all included interventions was significant, computed as g = 0.14, p &lt; 0.01, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.21]. The effect size is considered small, based on Cohen's (1992) guidelines. The results of the meta-regression showed that the effectiveness of the included psychological interventions on social adjustment was not moderated by either the number of sessions (b = 0.006 p = 0.35) or age (b = –0.008, p = 0.59). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between different therapeutic approaches (Q = 7.37, df (Q) = 6; p = 0.28). This meta-analysis demonstrates that mental-health interventions in young refugees mildly improve their social adjustment. Due to the importance of social adjustment in refugees, we suggest that existing interventions place greater specific focus on improving social adjustment. The details of implications for future studies are discussed.
A rare case of lupus-related gastrointestinal vasculitis presenting as rectal gangrene
Authors: Liang Yi , Di Re Angelina , El Khoury Toufic 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) related gastrointestinal vasculitis is a rare condition limited to case studies within the literature however, no cases of rectal gangrene and perforation have been previously described. A 32-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and fevers. CT demonstrated free gas and free fluid around the rectum indicative of a perforation. He proceeded to urgent laparotomy, confirming a diagnosis of rectal infarction and perforation. Uniquely, the involved segment of gangrene extended from the rectosigmoid to the anorectal junction. A Hartmanns procedure was performed. Histopathology confirmed underlying stenosis of the rectal arteries secondary to chronic vasculitis related to the affected areas. The current case is a unique presentation of SLE-related vasculitis. It highlights the need to judiciously investigate SLE patients presenting with surgical acute abdomen.
Impaired PSII proteostasis triggers a UPR-like response in the var2 mutant of Arabidopsis
Authors: Dogra Vivek , Duan Jianli , Lee Keun Pyo , Kim Chanhong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is maintained through the balance between de novo synthesis and proteolysis. The unfolded/misfolded protein response (UPR) that is triggered by stressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) also plays an important role in proteostasis in both plants and animals. Although ER-triggered UPR has been extensively studied in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial and chloroplastic UPRs are largely uncharacterized despite the fact that these organelles are sites of production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that chloroplasts of the Arabidopsis yellow leaf variegation 2 (var2) mutant, which lacks the metalloprotease FtsH2, accumulate damaged chloroplast proteins and trigger a UPR-like response, namely the accumulation of a suite of chloroplast proteins involved in protein quality control (PQC). These PQC proteins include heat-shock proteins, chaperones, proteases, and ROS detoxifiers. Given that FtsH2 functions primarily in photosystem II proteostasis, the accumulation of PQC-related proteins may balance the FtsH2 deficiency. Moreover, the apparent up-regulation of the cognate transcripts indicates that the accumulation of PQC-related proteins in var2 is probably mediated by retrograde signaling, indicating the occurrence of a UPR-like response in var2.
A wheat/rye polymorphism affects seminal root length and yield across different irrigation regimes
Authors: Howell Tyson , Moriconi Jorge I , Zhao Xueqiang , Hegarty Joshua , Fahima Tzion , Santa-Maria Guillermo E , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe introgression of a small segment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome arm 1BS in the distal region of the rye (Secale cereale L.) 1RS.1BL arm translocation in wheat (henceforth 1RSRW) was previously associated with reduced grain yield, carbon isotope discrimination, and stomatal conductance, suggesting reduced access to soil moisture. Here we show that lines with the normal 1RS arm have longer roots than lines with the 1RSRW arm in both field and hydroponic experiments. In the 1RSRW lines, differences in seminal root length were associated with a developmentally regulated arrest of the root apical meristem (RAM). Approximately 10 d after germination, the seminal roots of the 1RSRW plants showed a gradual reduction in elongation rate, and stopped growing a week later. Seventeen days after germination, the roots of the 1RSRW plants showed altered gradients of reactive oxygen species and emergence of lateral roots close to the RAM, suggesting changes in the root meristem. The 1RSRW lines also showed reduced biomass (estimated by the normalized difference vegetation index) and grain yield relative to the 1RS lines, with larger differences under reduced or excessive irrigation than under normal irrigation. These results suggest that this genetic variation could be useful to modulate root architecture.
Genome Evolution of the Obligate Endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola
Authors: Chong Rebecca A , Park Hyunjin , Moran Nancy A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn evolutionary consequence of uniparentally transmitted symbiosis is degradation of symbiont genomes. We use the system of aphids and their maternally inherited obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, to explore the evolutionary process of genome degradation. We compared complete genome sequences for 39 Buchnera strains, including 23 newly sequenced symbiont genomes from diverse aphid hosts. We reconstructed the genome of the most recent shared Buchnera ancestor, which contained 616 protein-coding genes, and 39 RNA genes. The extent of subsequent gene loss varied across lineages, resulting in modern genomes ranging from 412 to 646 kb and containing 354–587 protein-coding genes. Loss events were highly nonrandom across loci. Genes involved in replication, transcription, translation, and amino acid biosynthesis are largely retained, whereas genes underlying ornithine biosynthesis, stress responses, and transcriptional regulation were lost repeatedly. Aside from losses, gene order is almost completely stable. The main exceptions involve movement between plasmid and chromosome locations of genes underlying tryptophan and leucine biosynthesis and supporting nutrition of aphid hosts. This set of complete genomes enabled tests for signatures of positive diversifying selection. Of 371 Buchnera genes tested, 29 genes show strong support for ongoing positive selection. These include genes encoding outer membrane porins that are expected to be involved in direct interactions with hosts. Collectively, these results indicate that extensive genome reduction occurred in the ancestral Buchnera prior to aphid diversification and that reduction has continued since, with losses greater in some lineages and for some loci.
Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health
Authors: Ostrander Elaine A , Wang Guo-Dong , Larson Greger , vonHoldt Bridgett M , Davis Brian W , Jagannathan Vidhya , Hitte Christophe , Wayne Robert K , Zhang Ya-Ping ,   Dog10K Consortium, André Catherine , Axelsson Erik , Boyko Adam , Davis Brian W , Forman Oliver , Frantz Laurent , Hitte Christophe , Jagannathan Vidhya , Karlsson Elinor , Kidd Jeffrey , Larson Greger , Leeb Tosso , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Lohi Hannes , Lohmueller Kirk E , Marques-Bonet Tomas , Mellersh Catherine , Ostrander *Elaine A , Savolainen Peter , Schnabel Robert , vonHoldt Bridgett M , Wang *Guo-Dong , Wayne *Robert K , Yang Ziheng , Zhai Weiwei , Zhang *Ya-Ping 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDogs are the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species, and they possess more known heritable disorders than any other non-human mammal. Efforts to catalog and characterize genetic variation across well-chosen populations of canines are necessary to advance our understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic architecture. To date, no organized effort has been undertaken to sequence the world's canid populations. The Dog10K Consortium (http://www.dog10kgenomes.org) is an international collaboration of researchers from across the globe who will generate 20× whole genomes from 10 000 canids in 5 years. This effort will capture the genetic diversity that underlies the phenotypic and geographical variability of modern canids worldwide. Breeds, village dogs, niche populations and extended pedigrees are currently being sequenced, and de novo assemblies of multiple canids are being constructed. This unprecedented dataset will address the genetic underpinnings of domestication, breed formation, aging, behavior and morphological variation. More generally, this effort will advance our understanding of human and canine health.
A Chimeric IDD4 Repressor Constitutively Induces Immunity in Arabidopsis via the Modulation of Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid Homeostasis
Authors: Vï¿½lz Ronny , Kim Soon-Kap , Mi Jianing , Mariappan Kiruthiga G , Siodmak Anna , Al-Babili Salim , Hirt Heribert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractINDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/BIRD proteins belong to a highly conserved plant-specific group of transcription factors with dedicated functions in plant physiology and development. Here, we took advantage of the chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T, SRDX) to widen our view on the role of IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE and IDD family members in plant immunity. The hypomorphic idd4SRDX lines are compromised in growth and show a robust autoimmune phenotype. Hormonal measurements revealed the concomitant accumulation of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid suggesting that IDDs are involved in regulating the metabolism of these biotic stress hormones. The analysis of immunity-pathways showed enhanced activation of immune MAP kinase-signaling pathways, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and spontaneous programmed cell death. The transcriptome of nonelicited idd4SRDX lines can be aligned to approximately 40% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in flg22-treated wild-type plants. The pattern of DEGs implies IDDs as pivotal repressors of flg22-dependent gene induction. Infection experiments showed the increased resistance of idd4SRDX lines to Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea implying a function of IDDs in defense adaptation to hemibiotrophs and necrotrophs. Genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies (DAP-SEQ) combined with DEG analysis of idd4SRDX lines identified IDD4-regulated functional gene clusters that contribute to plant growth and development. In summary, we discovered that the expression of idd4SRDX activates a wide range of defense-related traits opening up the possibility to apply idd4SRDX as a powerful tool to stimulate innate immunity in engineered crops.
Postoperative Bladder Filling After Outpatient Laparoscopic Hysterectomy and Time to Discharge
Authors: Chao Lisa , Mansuria Suketu 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether backfilling the bladder postoperatively will reduce time to discharge in patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy.

METHODS:
In a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial among women undergoing outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy, patients were randomly assigned to a backfill-assisted void trial or a trial of spontaneous voiding. The primary outcome was time to discharge assessed by length of time spent in the postanesthesia care unit. Secondary outcomes included time to first spontaneous void, urinary retention rates, and postoperative complications within 8 weeks. We estimated that 152 patients (76/group) would provide greater than 80% power to identify a 30-minute difference in the primary outcome with a SD of 56 minutes and a two-sided α of 0.05.

RESULTS:
Between June 2017 to May 2018, 202 women were screened, 162 women were randomized, and results were analyzed for 153 women. Seventy-five patients (group A) who had a backfill-assisted voiding trial and 78 patients (group B) who had a spontaneous voiding trial were included in the analysis. The mean time to discharge was 273.4 minutes for group A vs 283.2 minutes for group B, which was not found to be significant (P=.45). The mean time to first spontaneous void was 181.1 minutes in group A vs 206.0 minutes in group B. There was a statistically significant reduction of 24.9 minutes in time to first spontaneous void with patients randomized to the backfill group (P=.04). Five of 75 patients (6.7%) in group A and 10 of 78 patients (12.8%) in group B developed urinary retention postoperatively and required recatheterization before discharge, which was also not significant (P=.20).

CONCLUSION:
Bladder filling before removing the Foley catheter is a simple procedure shown to reduce time to first spontaneous void, but not time to discharge in patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopic hysterectomy.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03126162.