bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Conversational Implicature in Nirvana in Fire from the Perspective of Cooperative Principle
Authors: Guo Fang , Li Xin 
Published: February 2018

<p align="justify"> American linguistic philosopher P.Grice believes that in all the language communication activities, there is a tactic understanding between speakers and hearers to achieve a specific goal; and both sides should abide by the principle, that is Cooperative Principle. The Cooperative Principle includes four maxim: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.</p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10px;"> In people’s daily life, they do not always follow the Cooperative Principle during the communication. When they violate one of the maxim of the Cooperative Principle, there has the implicature. And only when the hearer shares the same knowledge with the speaker, the communication could moves smoothly.</span></p><p align="justify"><span style="font-size: 10px;"> In recent years, a variety of subjects Chinese TV series emerge . Especially, the historical TV plays become more and more popular around the world. </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">Nirvana in Fire</em><span style="font-size: 10px;"> which was released in 2015 is well received. This story revolves around a young man Lin Shu who is devoted to revenging for his father and Chi Yan Army. The plots are ups and downs and at the same time the dialogue between the characters is also very characteristic.</span></p><p align="justify"> In this thesis, the author mainly uses the theory of Cooperative Principle and implicature to analyze the dialogue in <em>Nirvana in Fire</em><em>. </em>By analyzing the selected examples, we can better understand the character, the plot and the theme .</p><p align="justify"> Due to the limitation of the material and the current competence of the author, the selected examples are mainly classical examples. In case study, the author analyzes the every maxims of violating the Cooperative Principle to help the readers better understand the characteristics of the characters and the development of the plot. Meanwhile, the author also hopes to help the readers know more about Grice’s Cooperative Principle and Conversational Implicature.</p><p align="justify"><strong> Key words:</strong><strong> </strong><strong> </strong><em>Nirvana in Fire</em><em>,</em> Dialogue, The violation of maxims, Cooperative Principle, Conversational Implicature</p>
A Corpus-based Study of English Vocabulary in Art Research Articles
Authors: Wang Ping 
Published: February 2018

<p>The learning of English as a foreign language is an additional burden for art majors. This study aimed to examine high frequency words in art research articles to improve the efficiency of art majors’ English learning, especially their academic reading and writing. For this aim, the study built a corpus, analyzed data from art research articles and compared data with three base word lists. We found that the General Service List (GSL) and the Academic Word List (AWL) had a high coverage in our corpus, and there was a different high frequency word order in the Art Research Article Corpus (ARAC). These findings provide some implications for teaching English for art majors. </p>
Effects of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Respiratory Muscle Strength and Functional Capacity of Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Case Report
Authors: Boas Nayara R. A. V. , Cizino Alessandra G. , Regueiro Eloisa M. G. , Alves Sueli A. , Verri Edson D. , Silva Gabriel P. , Taube Oswaldo S. , Regalo Simone C. H. , Fabrin Saulo C. V. 
Published: February 2018

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pulmonary rehabilitation program on respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An elderly male patient participated in the pulmonary rehabilitation program and was evaluated before and after intervention. This program consisted of four phases: stretching, aerobic exercises, resistance training and relaxation. The physical activities were provided three times a week on alternate days, for 4 months, totaling 48 sessions. The results obtained after the rehabilitation program showed improvement in the physical functional capacity of the patient measured by the six-minute walk test (Pre=480; Post=540m). The maximal inspiratory pressure values increased (Pre=-60; Post=-120cmH2O) whereas the maximal expiratory pressure values remained the same (Pre=50; Post=50cmH2O). Therefore, the respiratory rehabilitation program has improved functional capacity and inspiratory muscle strength.
The study of incidence of post operative delirium in geriatric patients who needed prolonged ICU stay after undergoing a major cardiac surgery in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajeev Dr A. , Paul Dr G. , S Dr Sunil K , Vijayakumar Dr P. 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: Delirium, defined as an acute disorder of attention and global cognitive function is a common, serious and potentially preventable source of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized elderly patients. Different studies have shown that prolonged post operative ICU stay contributes to occurrence of delirium
OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of post operative delirium in elderly patients who needed prolonged ICU stay after undergoing a major cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study, Study Period: 1 ½ years. Using a prepared questionnaire after obtaining fully informed written consent. 3 visits for each patient: 1) before surgery, 2) in the ICU: 48 hours after surgery and 3) In ward after shifting out from ICU. Prolonged ICU stay was defined as admission more than 3 days in ICU. The details from nursing staff and care givers were taken.
RESULTS: Out of total 250 patients included in the study, 43 (17.2%) patients developed post operative delirium. 32 (26%) out of 19 patients who needed prolonged ICU stay developed post operative delirium compared to 11 (8.7%) out of 116 patients who spent less than 3 days in ICU in post operative period. (p Value: <0.001). Prolonged ICU stay contributes to post operative delirium and measures have to be instituted to shift out the patient from ICU at the earliest after stabilization.
Diagnostic Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Salivary Gland Neoplasms
Authors: Devi Junu 
Published: February 2018

Introduction- Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in salivary gland neoplasms.
Materials and method – this is a crossectional study provides analysis of 82 salivary neoplasms out of 244 salivary FNAC during the period September 2011 to august 2014. All non neoplastic lesions were excluded from the study.All age group and both sex were included. FNAC results were reviewed, the morphology of individual cells and their patterns in the smears were studied in detail and diagnosis were made. Histopathological studies were done whenever possible and were considered the gold standard.
Results – The study included 82 cases, male to female ratio was 1.2 :1 ; commonly involved age group was 20 to 40 years. Fiftyfive cases (67.07%) were diagnosed as benign, 27 cases (32.93%) as malignant tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma(59.76%) was most common benign neoplasms and mucoepidermoid carcinoma(23.17%) was most common malignant neoplasms. Parotid was most frequently involved gland(63.41%).Benign tumors common in parotid gland malignant tumors common in submandibular gland.Diagnostic accuracy was found to be 94.87% with false negative rate 5.1%.
Conclusion – FNAC of salivary gland proved to be a highly accurate initial diagnostic test for preoperative evaluation of salivary neoplasms.
Is It Possible to Enhance Intensity in Guided Imagery Exercises? An Experimental Study
Authors: Seebauer Laura Elise , Naumann Eva , Jacobs Anneke , Thier Myriam , Jacob Gitta A. 
Published: February 2018

Objective:Guided imagery exercises can have a powerful impact on distressing mental images. Clinically, it is usually recommended to experience these exercises as intensely as possible. However, patients sometimes object to the related instructions. In this study, we tested whether typical clinical instructions aiming at increasing intensity led to a stronger effect of the exercise.Methods:Sixty-four healthy participants watched a trauma movie clip. Then they were pseudo-randomized into one of two strategies (intense, less intense) or a waiting control condition. Dependent variables were self-reported emotional intensity and psychophysiology measures.Results:Participants in the intense ImRS strategy did not experience the exercise as more intense than those in the less intense ImRS strategy on any outcome measure. Both ImRS strategies showed increased sympathetic activation compared to a decrease of activation in the waiting control group.Conclusions:Our results suggest that emotional intensity in guided imagery exercises may not depend very much on the therapist’s instructions.
Racial/Ethnic Variation in the Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Insurance Coverage and Access Among Young Adults
Authors: VanGarde Aurora , Yoon Jangho , Luck Jeff , Mendez-Luck Carolyn A. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act’s (ACA’s) 2010 parental insurance coverage extension to young adults aged 19 to 25 years on health insurance coverage and access to care, including racial/ethnic disparities. Methods. We pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the periods 2007 to 2009 and 2011 to 2013 (n = 402 777). We constructed quasiexperimental difference-in-differences models in which adults aged 26 to 35 years served as a control group. Multivariable statistical models controlled for covariates guided by the Andersen model for health care utilization. Results. On average, insurance rates among young adults increased 6.12 percentage points after ACA implementation (P < .001). All racial/ethnic groups experienced increases in coverage. However, the impact varied by race/ethnicity and was largest for Whites. Young adults had a 2.61 percentage point (P < .001) decrease in experiencing barriers to health care because of cost issues after the ACA, with variation by race/ethnicity. Conclusions. The ACA’s expansion had a significant positive effect for young adults acquiring health insurance and reducing cost-related barriers to accessing health care. However, racial/ethnic disparities in coverage and access persist. Public Health Implications. Policies not dependent on parental insurance could further increase access and reduce disparities.
State Law Approaches to Facility Regulation of Abortion and Other Office Interventions
Authors: Jones Bonnie S. , Daniel Sara , Cloud Lindsay K. 
Published: February 2018

Objectives. To compare the prevalence and characteristics of facility laws governing abortion provision specifically (targeted regulation of abortion providers [TRAP] laws); office-based surgeries, procedures, sedation or anesthesia (office interventions) generally (OBS laws); and other procedures specifically. Methods. We conducted cross-sectional legal assessments of state facility laws for office interventions in effect as of August 1, 2016. We coded characteristics for each law and compared characteristics across categories of laws. Results. TRAP laws (n = 55; in 34 states) were more prevalent than OBS laws (n = 25; in 25 states) or laws targeting other procedures (n = 1; in 1 state). TRAP laws often regulated facilities that would not be regulated under OBS laws (e.g., all TRAP laws, but only 2 OBS laws, applied regardless of sedation or anesthesia used). TRAP laws imposed more numerous and more stringent requirements than OBS laws. Conclusions. Many states regulate abortion-providing facilities differently, and more stringently, than facilities providing other office interventions. The Supreme Court’s 2016 decision in Whole Woman’s Health v Hellerstedt casts doubt on the legitimacy of that differential treatment.
Application Rate Influences the Soil and Water Conservation Effectiveness of Mulching with Chipped Branches
Authors: Pan Daili , Zhao Xining , Gao Xiaodong , Song Yaqian , Dyck Miles , Wu Pute , Li Yinjuan , Ma Longshuai 
Published: February 2018

Core Ideas
Soil and water conservation effectiveness of chipped branches mulching was tested.
Two simulated rainfall events were applied in the experimental condition.
High application rates may not always be ecologically and economically favorable.
Mulching with chipped, pruned branches (MB) is an effective land management practice to reduce surface runoff and to control soil water erosion. The use of MB has extra advantages such as material availability and a low cost compared with other mulching materials, especially in orchards. To evaluate the impacts of application rates on the ecological and economical effectiveness of MB, a plot‐scale soil bin experiment was conducted under two representative rainfall regimes. Five treatments were tested: clear cultivation (CC, bare soil without mulching) and four MB application rates of 0.37, 0.74, 1.11, and 1.48 kg m–2. The application of MB reduced runoff generation by 15.5 to 78.6% and sediment yield by 40.7 to 98.6% compared to CC. From an ecological view, the soil and water conservation performance of MB generally decreased with increasing rainfall intensity and application rate with an exception of 1.48 kg m–2 under the heavy rainfall. Different mechanisms, such as soil surface coverage, rainfall interception by mulching, soil permeability, stability of mulching materials, and rill initiation simultaneously affected the effectiveness of MB. From an economical view, this relationship was more complex. The present study confirmed the necessity of determining the proper mulching application rate in the context of site‐specific soil, vegetation, and climatic conditions as well as local social status.
The effect of controlled pressure adjustment in an urban water distribution system on household demand
Authors: Meyer Niel , Jacobs Heinz Erasmus , Westman Trevor , McKenzie Ronnie 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The effect of pressure adjustments on individual consumer water demand is presented in this paper. The study involved collecting and analysing data from two sites in an operational water reticulation system in South Africa. Pressures and flow rates were monitored at a few strategic locations and at 44 individual homes during a series of controlled pressure adjustments. A total of 25 weeks' data, recorded at 15-minute intervals, were analysed. The two systems were subjected to 11 pressure adjustments, lasting 2 weeks each. Results showed a positive relationship between the average pressure change and median consumer demand, where reduced pressure led to reduced consumer demand. The linear model suggested a relationship of ΔQ ≈ 0.5ΔP between the change in average pressure and the change in median consumer demand, at a consumer connection. However, notable variation from one consumer to the next was apparent. Based on night flow analysis, the on-site leakage on consumer properties (downstream of the consumer meter) represented about 25% of the total metered demand of the study sample. The field tests also confirmed that there are practical limits to the level of pressure reduction that can be attained, beyond which the consumers become unsatisfied with the pressure.
Evaluation of the BMA probabilistic inflow forecasts using TIGGE numeric precipitation predictions based on artificial neural network
Authors: Zhong Yixuan , Guo Shenglian , Ba Huanhuan , Xiong Feng , Chang Fi-John , Lin Kairong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReservoir inflow forecasting is a crucial task for reservoir management. Without considering precipitation predictions, the lead time for inflow is subject to the concentration time of precipitation in the basin. With the development of numeric weather prediction (NWP) techniques, it is possible to forecast inflows with long lead times. Since larger uncertainty usually occurs during the forecasting process, much attention has been paid to probabilistic forecasts, which uses a probabilistic distribution function instead of a deterministic value to predict the future status. In this study, we aim at establishing a probabilistic inflow forecasting scheme in the Danjiangkou reservoir basin based on NWP data retrieved from the Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) database by using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method, and evaluating the skills of the probabilistic inflow forecasts. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to implement hydrologic modelling. Results show that the corrected TIGGE NWP data can be applied sufficiently to inflow forecasting at 1–3 d lead times. Despite the fact that the raw ensemble inflow forecasts are unreliable, the BMA probabilistic inflow forecasts perform much better than the raw ensemble forecasts in terms of probabilistic style and deterministic style, indicating the established scheme can offer a useful approach to probabilistic inflow forecasting.
Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Schiff Base of (E) - N - (4-(Thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino) Phenylsulfonyl) Acetamide Metal Complexes
Authors: Abu-Khadra Ahmad S. , Afify Ahmed S. , Mohamed Amr , Farag Rabie S. , Aboul-Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: February 2018

Aim:Metal complexes of (E)-N-(4-(thiophen-2-ylmethyleneamino) phenylsulfonyl) acetamide (S.TH) Schiff bases derived from sulfacetamide (N-[4-(amino-phenyl) sulfonil] acetamide) and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde were synthesized and characterized.Methods and Results:The synthesized compositions have been characterized using different physico-chemical techniques. The investigation included elemental analysis, melting point measurements, proton NMR, UV spectroscopy, FT-IR, magnetic susceptibility, conductance measurements, mass spectral analysis, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for determining the concentrations of metal ions. The measured values for molar conductance indicated that the majority of the prepared complexes were nonelectrolytes. The biological activity of the prepared compositions has been investigated.Conclusion:Spectroscopic studies suggested that most of the complexes were coordinated in a regular octahedral arrangement where S.TH ligand and the central metal atom were coordinated through two N amino azomethine groups (−HC=N−) and two sulfur atoms of S thiophene rings in 2L:1M molar ratio. Complexes have shown a promising activity upon screening for the antibacterial characteristics, and antifungal (Aspergillus fumigatesandCandida albicans)
KEDUDUKAN PRA PERADILAN DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PIDANA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Muntaha M 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTLaw in reality nowadays has become a commodity of law enforcers. Law is not only used as a means to strengthen its power, but also has been used to benefit from with an argument for the sake of upholding the law. This has been obvious in some cases, particularly with regard to the use of pretrial, where the proposed pretrial substance has far refracted from legislation in force. This situation needs to be placed proportionally in accordance with the applicable statutory provisions, in this case Law No. 8 of 19811 in the book of law on Criminal Procedure (Criminal Procedure Code). This law should be used a formal basis. ABSTRAKHukum dalam realitasnya dewasa ini sudah menjadi komoditas dari penegak hukum, tidak hanya dipergunakan sebagai sarana untuk mengokohkan kekuasaannya, melainkan juga telah dipergunakan untuk mencari keuntungan dari hukum dengan dalil demi penegakan hukum. Hal ini terlihat dari beberapa kasus, terutama yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan praperadilan, di mana yang menjadi substansi pengajuan praperadilan telah jauh membias dari ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Keadaan ini perlu didudukkan secara proporsional sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, dalam hal ini Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) sebagai dasar formal berperkara di depan pengadilan.
THE IMPACTS OF UNCLEAR LAW AND BORDER ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE CASE OF THE MANGGARAI TIMUR AND NGADA REGENCIES OF FLORES, INDONESIA
Authors: Andjarwati Any , Yurista Ananda Prima , Muhammadin Fajri Matahati 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe land of Manggarai Timur and Ngada in Flores, Indonesia, is facing complexities in the agrarian sector. There is an overlap of laws on land tenure in the border area between the regencies based on the Regional Spatial Plans of both Manggarai Timur and Ngadha regencies. Not only that this creates horizontal conflicts between the peoples, but the overlap of mining policies also affects the environment. This research investigates the problems and discovers that the complexity can only be untangled by creating a ‘Strategic Area’ which can be implemented with a reconstruction of the current system of spatial planning law. IntisariTanah Manggarai Timur dan Ngada di Flores, Indonesia, menghadapi kompleksitas serius di sektor agraris. Ada tumpang tindih hukum tentang kepemilikan lahan di daerah perbatasan antar kabupaten berdasarkan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Manggarai Timur dan Ngadha. Hal ini menyebabkan konflik horizontal antara masyarakat. Selain itu, tumpang tindih kebijakan terkait pertambangan juga mempengaruhi lingkungan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki masalah dan menemukan bahwa kompleksitasnya hanya dapat dilepaskan dengan menciptakan 'Kawasan Strategis' yang hanya dapat diimplementasikan dengan adanya rekonstruksi terhadap sistem hukum penataan ruang saat ini.
PELARANGAN RIBA DAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP SYARIAH DALAM SISTEM HUKUM PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Umam Khotibul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere were two perspectives regarding bank interest and usury, i.e. the perspective of interest and usury was the same thing and the other, they were a different thing, that implied to permitted bank interest in banking transactions. Indonesia throughout fatwa issued by The Indonesian Council of Ulama belongs to a group who has an opinion that interest and usury were the same things. The concrete solution in that prohibition, i.e implementing sharia principle in banking that issued by DSN-MUI. The implementation of fatwa could be adjusted on real customers need. Although in practical, sharia banks have had prefered to sold and purchased contract (murabahah) than the other contracts. IntisariTerdapat dua pandangan terkait bunga bank dan riba yaitu pandangan yang mempersamakan bunga bank dan pandangan yang membedakan bunga bank dengan riba yang berimplikasi pada pembolehan bunga bank dalam transaksi perbankan. Indonesia melalui fatwa yang dikeluarkan oleh Majelis Ulama Indonesia termasuk dalam kelompok yang mempersamakan bunga bank dengan riba. Solusi konkrit atas larangan terhadap bunga bank yaitu dengan penerapan prinsip syariah perbankan yang telah digariskan melalui fatwa DSN-MUI. Implementasi prinsip syariah dalam produk perbankan dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan riil nasabah. Namun demikian dalam praktik, entitas perbankan syariah memiliki preferensi terhadap penggunaan akad jual beli (murabahah), dibanding akad lainnya.