bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transportation assessment in artificial curved canals after instrumentation with Reciproc, Reciproc Blue, and XP‐endo Shaper Systems
Authors: Pacheco‐Yanes Juan , Gazzaneo Isbelia , Pérez Alejandro R. , Armada Luciana , Neves Mônica A. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimIn the present study, we compared the transportation of three different instrumentation systems in different levels of standardized artificial curved canals.MethodsSixty epoxy resin blocks containing simulated canals were divided into three groups (n = 20) according to the instrument used for canal preparation: Reciproc (REC), Reciproc Blue (REC Blue), and XP‐endo Shaper (XPS). Pre‐ and post‐instrumentation digital images of each specimen were superimposed by Photoshop software to evaluate the different amount of transportation. The Kruskal‐Wallis and Wilcoxon were the non‐parametric tests applied for the intergroup and intragroup analyses, respectively. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsThe XPS showed significantly less canal transportation than REC Blue at five levels (P < 0.05) and significantly less canal transportation at seven evaluated levels when compared with the REC (P < 0.05). REC Blue showed significant less canal transportation than REC at four of the eight evaluated levels (P < 0.05). All evaluated instruments showed a significantly higher amount of resin removal toward the inner wall compared to the outer wall of the curvature (P < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough the XPS showed significantly less canal transportation than REC and REC Blue, all systems produced transportation from the original canal anatomy.
Neural stimulations regulate the infiltration of immune cells into the CNS
Authors: Kamimura D. , Murakami M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe systemic regulation of immune reactions by the nervous system is well studied and depends on the release of hormones. Some regional regulations of immune reactions, on the other hand, depend on specific neural pathways. Better understanding of these regulations will expand therapeutic applications for neuroimmune and organ‐to‐organ functional interactions. Here, we discuss one regional neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex, which converts specific neural inputs into local inflammatory outputs in the CNS. Neurotransmitters released by the inputs stimulate specific blood vessels to express chemokines, which serve as a gateway for immune cells to extravasate into the target organ such as the brain or spinal cord. Several types of gateway reflexes have been reported, and each controls distinct CNS blood vessels to form gateways that elicit local inflammation, particularly in the presence of autoreactive immune cells. For example, neural stimulation by gravity creates the initial entry point to the CNS by CNS‐reactive pathogenic CD4+ T cells at the dorsal vessels of fifth lumbar spinal cord, while pain opens the gateway at the ventral side of blood vessels in the spinal cord. In addition, it was recently found that local inflammation by the gateway reflex in the brain triggers the activation of otherwise resting neural circuits to dysregulate organ functions in the periphery including the upper gastrointestinal tract and heart. Therefore, the gateway reflex represents a novel bidirectional neuroimmune interaction that regulates organ functions and could be a promising target for bioelectric medicine.
High expression of FMNL3 associates with cancer cell migration, invasion, and unfavorable prognosis in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jiameng , Chen Shan , Chen Yang , Geng Ningbo , Feng Chongjin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to ascertain the expression and role of FMNL3 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry, qRT‐PCR, and western blot were used to study the expression of FMNL3 in TSCC tissues and its adjacent normal tissues. The relationship between FMNL3 overexpression and various clinicopathological parameters and patients’ survival were further assessed. Next, we applied SCC25 and UM1 cell lines to study the effect of FMNL3 on tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by silencing FMNL3.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrated that FMNL3 expression was notably upregulated in TSCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis. The Cox regression survival analyses identified FMNL3 as an important independent predictor for patients’ overall survival. We found that FMNL3 silencing by siRNA inhibited SCC25 and UM1 cell migration an invasion.ConclusionFMNL3 overexpression is related to the metastasis of TSCC and poor prognosis. High expression of FMNL3 may become a new potential prognostic biomarker for patients with TSCC.
Drought resistance is mediated by divergent strategies in closely related Brassicaceae
Authors: Marín‐de la Rosa Nora , Lin Chung‐Wen , Kang Yang Jae , Dhondt Stijn , Gonzalez Nathalie , Inzé Dirk , Falter‐Braun Pascal 
Published: April 2019

Summary

Droughts cause severe crop losses worldwide and climate change is projected to increase their prevalence in the future. Similar to the situation for many crops, the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Ath) is considered drought‐sensitive, whereas, as we demonstrate, its close relatives Arabidopsis lyrata (Aly) and Eutrema salsugineum (Esa) are drought‐resistant.

To understand the molecular basis for this plasticity we conducted a deep phenotypic, biochemical and transcriptomic comparison using developmentally matched plants.

We demonstrate that Aly responds most sensitively to decreasing water availability with early growth reduction, metabolic adaptations and signaling network rewiring. By contrast, Esa is in a constantly prepared mode as evidenced by high basal proline levels, ABA signaling transcripts and late growth responses. The stress‐sensitive Ath responds later than Aly and earlier than Esa, although its responses tend to be more extreme. All species detect water scarcity with similar sensitivity; response differences are encoded in downstream signaling and response networks. Moreover, several signaling genes expressed at higher basal levels in both Aly and Esa have been shown to increase water‐use efficiency and drought resistance when overexpressed in Ath.

Our data demonstrate contrasting strategies of closely related Brassicaceae to achieve drought resistance.
Anatomical Adaptation of Fibula and its Mechanism of Proximal Partial Fibulectomy Associated with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Juan , Lv Hong‐zhi , Chen Wei , Fan Meng‐ke , Li Ming , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo reveal the anatomical adaptation of the fibula and its relations to age and settlement of the medial tibial plateau, and to explore the mechanism of proximal partial fibulectomy in treating medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA retrospective study was performed in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University. Weight‐bearing full‐leg anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of 280 adults (560 knees) obtained from 1 January 2018 to 31 October 2018 were enrolled according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 157 men and 123 women, with an average age of 50.3 ± 14.8 years (range, 19–80 years). Radiographic severity of knee OA was assessed using Kellgren and Lawrence (K–L) grading. The settlement of the medial tibial plateau was evaluated using the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA). Curvatures of the tibia and the fibula were measured as proximal tibial curvature (PTC), distal tibial curvature (DTC), proximal fibular curvature (PFC), and distal fibular curvature (DFC). Two orthopaedic surgeons performed all the radiological measurements for 30 randomly selected patients, and repeated the measurements 1 week later. Based on the satisfactory intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliabilities (ICC > 0.9), each parameter was analyzed in this study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine relations between radiological measurements and age.ResultsThe mean MPTA, PTC, DTC, PFC, and DFC were 85.4° ± 2.8°, 176.2° ± 1.9°, 176.8° ± 1.8°, 176.8° ± 1.9°, and 177.0° ± 2.0°, respectively. Ninety‐three knees of K–L grade I were categorized as non‐knee OA, and 467 knees of K–L grades II–IV were categorized as knee OA. The MPTA, PTC, and PFC of the knee OA group were significantly smaller than those of non‐knee OA group (P < 0.05). The K–L grade of knee OA significantly increased with age (χ
2 = 182.169, P < 0.01). The multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that the MPTA and fibular curvatures were negatively correlated with age (the regression equation is age = 561.165–0.945 MPTA‐0.937 PFC‐0.959 DFC, P < 0.05), and the MPTA was negatively correlated with PFC (the regression equation is MPTA = 7.827 + 0.099 DFC, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe proximal curve of the fibula increased in patients with medial compartment knee OA, and this change was positively correlated with age and settlement of the medial tibial plateau. This anatomical adaptation of the fibula was associated with greater fibular axial load and the pulling from the peroneus longus. The proximal partial fibulectomy procedure effected a receptive foot pronation to reduce KAM and rebalance the biceps‐proximal fibula–peroneus longus complex, consequently achieving medial compartment unloading.
Existential fisheries dependence: Remaining on the map through fishing
Authors: Ounanian Kristen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article considers how remoteness, rurality, and local initiatives combine to enable community responses to the threat of fisheries enclosure. Centred on two case studies from a wider portfolio of six cases in Northern Jutland, Denmark and New England, USA, the article presents a narrative of these places based on semi‐structured interviews and participant observation. Thorupstrand, Denmark and Cutler, Maine, USA exemplify communities fighting to retain access to fisheries under enclosure and recognition of this threat. Lacking alternatives due to their geographic and infrastructural isolation, the two cases typify existential fisheries dependence, indicating that they would not be on the map without fishing to sustain them.Their precarious positions compelled many in the communities to act and preserve the fishing industry and culture. Although Thorupstrand and Cutler diverge in their approaches to maintaining fishing access, they collectively speak to the overlooked connection between fisheries management and rural places.
Equitable access to capable teachers: The states respond
Authors: Sykes Gary , Martin Kacy 
Published: April 2019

This study examined a sample of plans that states submitted to the U.S. Education Department in 2015, pursuant to requirements in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act Title I, Part A. Plans were aimed at redressing inequities in access to qualified teachers as this problem has emerged in states and districts across the country. A considerable body of research has demonstrated that teachers are inequitably distributed to the disadvantage of low income and historically under-served students. Based on descriptive and inferential coding of these plans, the study reaches several conclusions. First, the federal planning mandate has served as an impetus for developing state data systems that track teacher distributions. Second, many of the strategies states are proposing are not directly relevant, targeted, or fully committed in terms of resources and implementation. Third, in states with highly rated plans, the strategies address fundamental, underlying conditions while offering a comprehensive range of targeted strategies to improve recruitment, support, and retention of teachers in schools serving concentrations of low income and under-served students. Progress on this issue is underway with much that remains to be done.
Preparation of Silicone-Modified Acrylate Latex and its Application for Low-Emission Printing of PET Fibre
Authors: Ai Li , Cao Hongmei , Zhu Yawei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Attempts were made to find a more environmentally friendly technique for the printing of polyester (PET ) fabric, acting as an alternative to a usual disperse dye direct-printing process by using a plenty of water and salt and producing effluent contaminants. The low-emission printing technique includes the recipe containing disperse dye paste, synthetic thickener and the water-based silicone-modified acrylate and high-temperature curing process. The water-based silicone-modified acrylate for adhesive coating of polyester (PET) fibres was synthesized using butyl acrylate (BA), eight four methyl siloxane (D4), acrylonitrile (AN), styrene (St), methyl acrylic acid (MAA) and N-methylol acrylamide (NMA).The results showed that the silicone-modified acrylate adhesive could increase the percentages of dye fixation and the colour strength. The superior colour fastness (≥level 4) with the low-emission printing process was realized. The wastewater stream produced by the technique had a residual dye concentration of 2.62 mg/L, which was reduced by approximately 19 times that produced by traditional direct printing. The effluent wastewater drainage was reduced by 76.9%.
Chromium-modified cobalt molybdenum nitrides as catalysts for ammonia synthesis
Authors: Adamski Paweł , Nadziejko Marlena , Komorowska Agata , Sarnecki Adam , Albrecht Aleksander , Moszyński Dariusz 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe influence of chromium compounds on the properties of cobalt molybdenum nitrides was studied. CoMoO4 obtained by precipitation from cobalt and molybdenum salts was modified by the addition of chromium(III) nitrate. A mixture of cobalt-molybdenum nitrides, Co2Mo3N and Co3Mo3N, was formed by ammonolysis of modified CoMoO4. The concentration of Co2Mo3N decreases with increasing chromium content. The specific surface area of cobalt molybdenum nitrides consisting of 2 wt% of Cr atoms increased by 50% in comparison to pure cobalt molybdenum nitrides. The catalytic activity of obtained catalysts in ammonia synthesis process decreases with rising of chromium concentration.
The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study
Authors: Suppajariyawat Praew , Andrade Ana Flavia Belchior de , Elie Mathieu , Baron Mark , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Jose 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will allow forensic scientists to identify fuel sources. The study was performed using petrol and diesel sold in the city of Lincoln (UK) during four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).Diesel samples, representing eight different brands were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). From the GC–MS analytical results, MTBE and ETBE were identified as the additive more preferably added in super unleaded petrol samples that can be used to aid in separation and identification. In diesel, the distribution of FAME contents showed the effect of seasonal variation as these were found in all spring, summer and autumn samples, but not found in all winter ones. The selection of a reduced number of key fuel compounds and additives was also shown to be sufficient to achieve a high level of classification among the different fuel samples. Leave–one–out cross–validation was applied in order to validate the results.
Computational Analysis of new Degree-based descriptors of oxide networks
Authors: Hussain Zafar , Munir Mobeen , Bilal Muhammad , Ameer Alam , Rafique Shazia , Kang Shin Min 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOxide networks have diverse applications in the polymer and pharmaceutical industries. Polynomials and degree-based topological indices have tendencies to correlate properties of molecular graphs. In this article, we formulate the closed forms of Zagreb and forgotten polynomials and topological indices such as Hyper-Zagreb index, first and second multiple Zagreb indices, forgotten index, Albert index, Bell index, IRM(G) of oxide networks. We also compute the F-index of complement of oxide networks, F-coindex of G and F-coindex of complement of oxide networks. We put graphical analysis of each index with respect to the parameter involved in each case.
Eigenvalue Problems for Exponential-Type Kernels
Authors: Cai Difeng , Vassilevski Panayot S. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We study approximations of eigenvalue problems for integral operators associated with kernel functions of exponential type. We show convergence rate

|

λ
k

-

λ

k
,
h

|

≤

C
k

⁢

h
2

{\lvert\lambda_{k}-\lambda_{k,h}\rvert\leq C_{k}h^{2}}

in the case of lowest order approximation for both Galerkin and Nyström methods, where h is the mesh size,

λ
k

{\lambda_{k}}

and

λ

k
,
h

{\lambda_{k,h}}

are the exact and approximate kth largest eigenvalues, respectively. We prove that the two methods are numerically equivalent in the sense that

|

λ

k
,
h

(
G
)

-

λ

k
,
h

(
N
)

|

≤

C
⁢

h
2

{|\lambda^{(G)}_{k,h}-\lambda^{(N)}_{k,h}|\leq Ch^{2}}

, where

λ

k
,
h

(
G
)

{\lambda^{(G)}_{k,h}}

and

λ

k
,
h

(
N
)

{\lambda^{(N)}_{k,h}}

denote the kth largest eigenvalues computed by Galerkin and Nyström methods, respectively, and C is a eigenvalue independent constant. The theoretical results are accompanied by a series of numerical experiments.
Superconvergent DPG Methods for Second-Order Elliptic Problems
Authors: Führer Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We consider DPG methods with optimal test functions and broken test spaces based on ultra-weak formulations of general
second-order elliptic problems.
Under some assumptions on the regularity of solutions of the model problem and its adjoint, superconvergence for the
scalar field variable is achieved by either increasing the polynomial degree in the corresponding approximation space by
one or by a local postprocessing.
We provide a uniform analysis that allows the treatment of different test norms.
Particularly, we show that in the presence of convection only the quasi-optimal test norm leads to higher convergence
rates, whereas other norms considered do not.
Moreover, we also prove that our DPG method delivers the best

L
2

{L^{2}}

approximation of the scalar field variable
up to higher-order terms, which is the first theoretical explanation of an observation made previously by different authors.
Numerical studies that support our theoretical findings are presented.
Formality properties of finitely generated groups and Lie algebras
Authors: Suciu Alexander I. , Wang He 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe explore the graded-formality and filtered-formality properties of finitely generated groups by studying the various Lie algebras over a field of characteristic 0 attached to such groups, including the Malcev Lie algebra, the associated graded Lie algebra, the holonomy Lie algebra, and the Chen Lie algebra. We explain how these notions behave with respect to split injections, coproducts, direct products, as well as field extensions, and how they are inherited by solvable and nilpotent quotients. A key tool in this analysis is the 1-minimal model of the group, and the way this model relates to the aforementioned Lie algebras. We illustrate our approach with examples drawn from a variety of group-theoretic and topological contexts, such as finitely generated torsion-free nilpotent groups, link groups, and fundamental groups of Seifert fibered manifolds.
Conjugacy search problem and the Andrews–Curtis conjecture
Authors: Panteleev Dmitry , Ushakov Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe develop new computational methods for studying potential counterexamples to the Andrews–Curtis conjecture, in particular, Akbulut–Kurby examples{\operatorname{AK}(n)}. We devise a number of algorithms in an attempt to disprove the most interesting counterexample{\operatorname{AK}(3)}. That includes an efficient implementation of the folding procedure for pseudo-conjugacy graphs, based on the original modification of a classic disjoint-set data structure. To improve metric properties of the search space (the set of balanced presentations of the trivial group), we introduce a new transformation, called an ACM-move, that generalizes the original Andrews–Curtis transformations and discuss details of a practical implementation. To reduce growth of the search space, we introduce a strong equivalence relation on balanced presentations and study the space modulo automorphisms of the underlying free group. We prove that automorphism moves can be applied to Akbulut–Kurby presentations. The improved technique allows us to enumerate balanced presentations AC-equivalent to{\operatorname{AK}(3)}with relations of lengths up to 20 (previous record was 17).
No Certainty and No Justice: The Counterintuitive Effects of Enforcing “No Oral Modification Clauses”
Authors: Tayar Joshua 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The legal effect of the “No Oral Modification clause” (“NOM clause”) has been described by the UK Supreme Court as a “truly fundamental issue in the law of contract”. Courts in Australia, common law Canada, and many US states had held that the NOM clause, which prescribes that an agreement may not be amended save in writing, is unenforceable. However, in a recent decision, the UK Supreme Court unanimously held that it is enforceable. This Essay seeks to demonstrate that a uniform policy of non-enforcement of the NOM clause is more consistent with the basic principles of contract law and will likely yield greater certainty and justice in the long run.
An example of a hereditarily normal topologically finite space, which is topologically infinite relative to the class of all its proper F
σ-subspaces
Authors: Tsereteli Ivane 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A (Hausdorf) hereditarily normal (not perfectly normal) space X is constructed, which has the following properties: (a) there exists a proper open subspace of X which is homeomorphic to the whole X (i.e., the space X is topologically infinite); (b) the space is homeomorphic to none of its proper

F
σ

{F_{\sigma}}

-subspaces (i.e., the space X is topologically finite relative to the class of all its proper

F
σ

{F_{\sigma}}

-subspaces).
Action theory of alternative algebras
Authors: Casas José Manuel , Datuashvili Tamar , Ladra Manuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present the category of alternative algebras as a category of interest.
This kind of approach enables us to describe derived actions in this category, study their properties and construct a universal strict general actor of any alternative algebra.
We apply the results obtained in this direction to investigate the problem of the existence of an actor in the category of alternative algebras.
On the construction of a covering map
Authors: Saneblidze Samson 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Let

Y
=

|
X
|

{Y=\lvert X\rvert}

be the geometric realization of a path-connected simplicial set X, and let

G
=

π
1

⁢

(
X
)

{G=\pi_{1}(X)}

be the fundamental group.
Given a subgroup

H
⊂
G

{H\subset G}

, let

G
/
H

{G/H}

be the set of cosets.
Using the combinatorial model

𝛀
⁢
X

→

𝐏
⁢
X

→
X

{\boldsymbol{\Omega}X\to\mathbf{P}X\to X}

of the path fibration

Ω
⁢
Y

→

P
⁢
Y

→
Y

{{\Omega}Y\to{P}Y\to Y}

and a canonical action

μ
:

𝛀
⁢
X

×
G

/
H

→

G
/
H

{\mu\colon\boldsymbol{\Omega}X\times G/H\to G/H}

, we construct a covering map

G
/
H

→

Y
H

→
Y

{G/H\to Y_{H}\to Y}

as the geometric realization of the associated short sequence

G
/
H

→

𝐏
⁢
X

×
μ

G

/
H

→
X

{G/H\to\mathbf{P}X\times_{\mu}G/H\to X}

.
This construction, in particular, does not use the existence of a maximal tree in X.
For a 2-dimensional X and

H
=

{
1
}

{H=\{1\}}

, it can also be viewed as a simplicial approximation of a Cayley 2-complex of G.