bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial of amnioexchange for fetal gastroschisis
Authors: Luton D , Mitanchez D , Winer N , Muller F , Gallot D , Perrotin F , Jouannic J‐M , Bretelle F , de Lagausie P , Ville Y , Guibourdenche J , Oury J‐F , Alberti C , Benachi A 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveMorbidity in fetuses affected by gastroschisis is mainly the result of bowel ischaemic and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies on animal models show that clearing amniotic fluid from the digestive secretions by amnioexchange procedures reduces the inflammatory process. We evaluated the benefit of the amnioexchange procedure for fetal gastroschisis in humans.DesignProspective, interventional, randomised study.SettingEight referral centres for fetal medicine.PopulationPregnant women carrying a fetus with gastroschisis.MethodsWe compared, in utero, amnioexchange with a sham procedure. The protocol included, in both arms, steroid injections at 30 weeks of gestation and the use of postnatal minimal enteral feeding.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a composite variable based on the duration of ventilation and parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes were the effectiveness and safety of the amnioexchange procedure, including the rate of perinatal death, time to full enteral feeding, primary closure, and late feeding disorders.ResultsSixty‐four patients were randomised. There was no difference in the composite criteria between the amnioexchange and control groups. Based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis, there were no significant between‐group differences in pregnancy outcome or complications. When studying the relationship between digestive compounds and amniotic fluid inflammatory markers, a clear correlation was found between bile acid and both ferritin and interleukin 1β (IL1β).ConclusionsIn humans, amnioexchange, as described in our protocol, is not an option for fetal care; however, we provide supplementary proof of the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenicity of gastroschisis and suggest that future research should aim at reducing inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00127946.Tweetable abstractA prospective, interventional, randomised study shows no benefit of amnioexchange for fetal gastroschisis in humans.
Cytological diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphomas: A case series
Authors: Quintyn Jean‐Claude , Olle Priscille , Courtade‐Saidi Monique , Laurent Camille , Obéric Lucie , Quintyn‐Ranty Marie‐Laure 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the cytological diagnosis and follow‐up of patients suffering from vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) diagnosed in our institution.Methods and ResultsFrom January 2010 to June 2017, we collected 15 patients with VRL. Twelve patients had diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL); of these, 11 had primary central nervous system (CNS) DLBCL, one had ocular localisation of follicular lymphoma, one had extranodal NK/T‐cell nasal type lymphoma and one had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The results of the cytological examination (cell morphology and immunocytochemistry) of the vitreous fluid were available for 9/15 VRL. The interleukin‐10/‐6 ratio was >1 in eight of 12 DLBCL. Molecular testing was useful in 6/15 cases (clonality evaluation or MYD88 L265P mutation testing). Eight out of 11 primary CNS DLBCL patients had CNS involvement, with 22‐month progression‐free survival. In our series, only two out of 11 CNS DLBCL patients died of disease after 2 and 5 years, respectively.ConclusionsThe short delay to assert the diagnosis of VRL could explain the quite good prognosis in our series, which highlights the need to consider a diagnosis of DLBCL as first step. The cytological features, as a reliable way to identify VRL, must always guide the choice of techniques for further investigations given the small amount of vitreous fluid available for analysis.
Sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD: differences across ratings, daily diary, and actigraphy
Authors: Becker Stephen P. , Langberg Joshua M. , Eadeh Hana‐May , Isaacson Paul A. , Bourchtein Elizaveta 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundChildren with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience greater sleep problems than their peers. Although adolescence is generally a developmental period characterized by insufficient sleep, few studies have used a multi‐informant, multi‐method design, to examine whether sleep differs in adolescents with and without ADHD.MethodsTargeted recruitment was used to enroll an approximately equal number of eighth‐grade adolescents (mean age = 13 years) with (n = 162) and without ADHD (n = 140). Adolescents and parents completed global ratings of sleep problems; adolescents, parents, and teachers completed ratings of daytime sleepiness. Adolescents wore actigraphs and completed a daily sleep diary for approximately 2 weeks.ResultsAdolescents with ADHD were more likely than adolescents without ADHD to obtain insufficient sleep on school days (per diary) and weekends (per diary and actigraphy). Adolescents with ADHD were also more likely to report falling asleep in class and to have stayed up all night at least twice in the previous 2 weeks (14% and 5% reported all‐nighters for ADHD and comparison, respectively). In regression analyses controlling for a number of variables known to impact sleep (e.g. pubertal development, sex, medication use, having an externalizing, anxiety, or depression diagnosis), ADHD remained associated with shorter diary and actigraphy school night sleep duration, adolescent‐ and parent‐reported daytime sleepiness, and parent‐reported difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and total sleep disturbance. Controlling for other variables, the odds of being classified with clinically elevated parent‐reported sleep disturbance were 6.20 times greater for adolescents with ADHD.ConclusionsFindings provide some of the clearest evidence yet that adolescents with ADHD experience more sleep problems and sleepiness than their peers without ADHD. It may be especially important to assess for sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD and to evaluate whether existing sleep interventions are effective, or can be optimized, for use in adolescents with ADHD who also have sleep problems.
Lethal RNA interference response in the pepper weevil
Authors: Wu Ke , Taylor Caitlin E. , Pinheiro Daniele H. , Skelley Lucile H. , McAuslane Heather J. , Siegfried Blair D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important pest of peppers (Capsicum spp.) in the southern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Current management practices rely on chemical control of adults although grower options are limited. A more integrated strategy to manage the pepper weevil infestations may benefit from measures that can control this pest specifically such as RNA interference (RNAi). We cloned and sequenced transcript fragments of two possible essential genes of the pepper weevil, Snf7 and V‐ATPase‐A. We treated pepper weevil females with the double‐stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of these genes and found that orally delivered dsRNA of either gene was not effective in eliciting strong RNAi response or causing mortality. In contrast, Snf7 and V‐ATPase‐A dsRNAs delivered through injections produced robust gene silencing and led to more than 90% mortality within 12 days. Our results suggest that the pepper weevil possesses the molecular machinery needed for a robust RNAi response and that Snf7 and V‐ATPase‐A genes likely encode essential functions in this insect. Moreover, RNAi‐mediated silencing of essential genes can potentially be used to control this pest if strong RNAi response can be induced by orally delivered dsRNA.
<p class="Body">Seasonal changes in populations of sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodinae) in natural biotopes of St. Petersburg and Leningrad province, Russian Federation
Authors: Grigoryeva Luydmila Anatolyevna , Tokarevich N.k. , Freilikhman O.A. , Samoylova E.P. , Lunina G.A. 
Published: April 2019

Changes in the seasonal activity and age composition of adults and nymphs in populations of the Ixodes ricinus in northwestern Russia have been studied. Adult ticks and nymphs were collected on flag twice a month from April to October in 2014–2016. They were investigated for biological age (light-optical preparations of the midgut after staining fat with Sudan III). DNA isolated from ticks was analyzed using real-time PCR (fluorescent probe technology) for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. pathogens based on amplification of the 16SrRNA and Hbb gene fragments. The season of activity of the adults shows one peak, the largest numbers show up in July–August (September). The population of adults is composed of two generations. The first generation is active from the beginning of the season until nearly its end, mid-October. Until the end of June, young individuals with large fat reserves predominate in the population. From July to the end of September, the adult population is formed mainly of mature individuals. Older individuals in the population appear from mid-July, and become dominating only in August and, mainly, in September. Ticks of the second generation, as young individuals, were recorded from the end of August until the end of the season of activity. The active nymphs were captured from late April until late October. The season of activity of nymphs begins and ends with a 100% content of young individuals. The spring population (April–May) consists of young nymphs, in June the proportions of young and mature are equalized, in July and August the ratio of mature and old nymphs is balanced, in September old individuals prevail, which were not found in October. The first generation is the nymphs who have hatched from August to October during the previous season, and the second one is the nymphs hatching in August of the current year. The lifespan of adults and nymphs can reach 13–15 months. The proportion of infected ticks in May and June is 24.5% and 25%, with the highest rates of in the young (10–12 months) part of population (70–85% of individuals). In July, the number of mature (12–13 months) individuals increases (up to 75–95%), at the same time the average values of infection fall to 20.8%. In August, the shares of mature (45–55%) and old -13–15 months (45–55%) individuals are approximately balanced. Borrelia contamination is also decreasing (14.3%). In September, the number of mature individuals (29.7%) was about 2 times lower than the old ones (65.3%), and the infection rate decreased to 11.4%. The population of nymphs and adults is composed of two tick generations in the season of activity. The season of activity of adult ticks is holistic; it is not interrupted during the summer months. Infection of adults with Borrelia decreases simultaneously with the ageing of the population.
Two-year observation of posterior corneal elevations after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia higher than −10 dioptres
Authors: Zhou Xueyi , Shang Jianmin , Qin Bing , Zhao Yu , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: April 2019

AimTo investigate the change in posterior corneal elevations (PCEs) of eyes with extremely high myopia 2 years after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).MethodsWe evaluated 39 eyes of 39 patients with spherical equivalent higher than −10.00 dioptres (D). Using a Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam), we measured change in PCEs at 1 day, 3 months, 6 months and 2 years after SMILE. Another 34 eyes of 34 patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) were examined before, at 1 day and long-term after surgery as the control group. For each eye, elevations at central, thinnest, maximal points and 24 other predetermined points were measured.ResultsNo significant forward displacements of PCEs were observed in both surgeries. The maximal but not significant forward displacement occurred around 3–6 months following SMILE, and all returned to original levels 6 months postoperatively except superior area. The peripheral area tended to displace backward, while the central area tended forwardly. In both procedures, elevations along horizontal meridians, inferior and temporal hemispheres were significantly higher than those along vertical meridians, superior and nasal hemispheres, respectively (p<0.05). Elevation on the 4 mm, 6 mm diameters at 1 day and on the 6 mm diameter and temporal hemisphere at long-term follow-up postoperatively were significantly higher in FS-LASIK than SMILE (p<0.05). Change in elevations on the 6 mm diameter circle correlated with residual bed thickness (p=0.047).ConclusionsSMILE is a safe way to correct for myopia higher than −10 D, with PCEs remaining stable 2 years after surgery.
Quality improvement initiative increases total paracentesis and early paracentesis rates in hospitalised cirrhotics with ascites
Authors: Jesudian Arun , Barraza Luis , Steel Peter , Shen Nicole , Schneider Yecheskel , Bodnar David , Farmer Brenna , Dargar Savira , Del Toro Cristina , Sharma Rahul , Brown, Jr. Robert S , Lee Jennifer Inhae 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveEarly paracentesis (EP) for rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is considered best practice in the care of admitted patients with cirrhosis and ascites, but inpatient paracentesis is frequently not performed or delayed. We developed a quality improvement (QI) initiative aimed at increasing the proportion of admitted patients with cirrhosis who undergo paracentesis and EP.Design Pre–post study of a QI initiative.Setting A tertiary care hospital in a major metropolitan area.Patients Hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and ascites.InterventionsWe targeted care providers in the emergency department (ED) by raising awareness of the importance of EP, developing criteria to identify patients at highest risk of SBP who were prioritised for EP by ED providers and restructuring the ED environment to enable timely paracentesis.Results76 patients meeting inclusion criteria were admitted during the postintervention 9-month study period. Of these, 91% (69/76) underwent paracentesis during admission versus 71 % (77/109) preintervention (p=0.001). 81% (56/69) underwent EP within 12 hours of presentation or after a predefined acceptable reason for delay versus 48% (37/77) preintervention (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality or length of stay before and after intervention.ConclusionA multidisciplinary QI intervention targeting care in the ED successfully increased the proportion of patients with cirrhosis and ascites undergoing diagnostic paracentesis during admission and EP within 12 hours of presentation.
A QDWH-based SVD Software Framework on Distributed-memory Manycore Systems
Authors: Sukkari Dalal , Ltaief Hatem , Esposito Aniello , Keyes David 
Published: April 2019

This article presents a high-performance software framework for computing a dense SVD on distributed-memory manycore systems. Originally introduced by Nakatsukasa et al. (2010) and Nakatsukasa and Higham (2013), the SVD solver relies on the polar decomposition using the QR Dynamically Weighted Halley algorithm (QDWH). Although the QDWH-based SVD algorithm performs a significant amount of extra floating-point operations compared to the traditional SVD with the one-stage bidiagonal reduction, the inherent high level of concurrency associated with Level 3 BLAS compute-bound kernels ultimately compensates for the arithmetic complexity overhead. Using the ScaLAPACK two-dimensional block cyclic data distribution with a rectangular processor topology, the resulting QDWH-SVD further reduces excessive communications during the panel factorization, while increasing the degree of parallelism during the update of the trailing submatrix, as opposed to relying on the default square processor grid. After detailing the algorithmic complexity and the memory footprint of the algorithm, we conduct a thorough performance analysis and study the impact of the grid topology on the performance by looking at the communication and computation profiling trade-offs. We report performance results against state-of-the-art existing QDWH software implementations (e.g., Elemental) and their SVD extensions on large-scale distributed-memory manycore systems based on commodity Intel x86 Haswell processors and Knights Landing (KNL) architecture. The QDWH-SVD framework achieves up to 3/8-fold speedups on the Haswell/KNL-based platforms, respectively, against ScaLAPACK
PDGESVD
and turns out to be a competitive alternative for well- and ill-conditioned matrices. We finally come up herein with a performance model based on these empirical results. Our QDWH-based polar decomposition and its SVD extension are freely available at https://github.com/ecrc/qdwh.git and https://github.com/ecrc/ksvd.git, respectively, and have been integrated into the Cray Scientific numerical library LibSci v17.11.1.
ENSO Influence on the Atlantic Niño, Revisited: Multi-Year versus Single-Year ENSO Events
Authors: Tokinaga Hiroki , Richter Ingo , Kosaka Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Atlantic Niño over the past 113 years is investigated by comparing multi-year and single-year ENSO events. Multi-year ENSO events sustain an anomalous zonal gradient of sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial western to central Pacific even during boreal spring and summer. This SST gradient is coupled with an anomalous Walker circulation and atmospheric deep convection through the Bjerknes feedback. During multi-year La Niñas, for example, a strengthened Pacific Walker circulation extends into the tropical Atlantic in boreal spring, a season when both the Pacific and Atlantic intertropical convergence zones become more symmetric about the equator. As a result, surface westerly wind anomalies appear over the equatorial Atlantic, triggering an Atlantic Niño. By contrast, such a teleconnection is not found in the spring following the peak of single-year ENSO events. A Pacific pacemaker model experiment reproduces the observed atmospheric response and its impact on the Atlantic Niño, further supporting the importance of prolonged ENSO forcing. The contrasting influence of multi-year and single-year events explains the fragile relationship between ENSO and the Atlantic Niño. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis shows that the leading EOF mode (EOF-1) for the spring tropical western to central Pacific SST anomalies captures the characteristics of multi-year ENSO events. EOF-1 is highly correlated with the summer Atlantic Niño over the past 113 years while the Niño-3 SST is not. These correlations indicate that ocean–atmosphere coupling in the equatorial western to central Pacific plays a major role in shaping ENSO teleconnections in boreal spring.
Latitudinal Structure of Solitons in the South China Sea
Authors: Ramp Steven R. , Park J.-H. , Yang Yiing Jang , Bahr Frederick L. , Jeon Chanhyung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFour current-meter moorings and 12 pressure sensor–equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) were deployed during summer 2011 in the South China Sea. The goal of the experiment was to obtain synoptic observations of the large-amplitude nonlinear internal waves from the near field to the far field as they propagated west-northwest across the sea. The program was unique because it was the first to observe the latitudinal variability of the wave crests in addition to the transformations along a single east–west transect. The waves were strongest down the center of the PIES array along roughly 20°45′N and were weaker off axis in both directions. Both a-waves and b-waves arrived earlier in the south than the north, but with different lag times indicating different propagation directions and therefore different sources. The waves were classified by their arrival patterns and source locations and not by their amplitude or packet structure. The Stanford Unstructured Nonhydrostatic Terrain-Following Adaptive Navier–Stokes Simulator (SUNTANS) model, calibrated against the array, showed that the a-waves developed out of the internal tide spawned in the southern portion of the Luzon Strait and the b-waves originated in the north. The northern tides were refracted and suffered large dissipative losses over the shallow portion of the western ridge, whereas the southern tides propagated west-northwest unimpeded, which resulted in a-waves that were larger and appeared sooner than the b-waves. The results were consistent with previous observations that can now be understood in light of the full three-dimensional structure of the internal waves and tides in the northeastern South China Sea.
Reversed Lateral Circulation in a Sharp Estuarine Bend with Weak Stratification
Authors: Kranenburg Wouter M. , Geyer W. Rockwell , Garcia Adrian Mikhail P. , Ralston David K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough the hydrodynamics of river meanders are well studied, the influence of curvature on flow in estuaries, with alternating tidal flow and varying water levels and salinity gradients, is less well understood. This paper describes a field study on curvature effects in a narrow salt-marsh creek with sharp bends. The key observations, obtained during times of negligible stratification, are 1) distinct differences between secondary flow during ebb and flood, with helical circulation as in rivers during ebb and a reversed circulation during flood, and 2) maximum (ebb and flood) streamwise velocities near the inside of the bend, unlike typical river bend flow. The streamwise velocity structure is explained by the lack of a distinct point bar and the relatively deep cross section in the estuary, which means that curvature-induced inward momentum redistribution is not overcome by outward redistribution by frictional and topographic effects. Through differential advection of the along-estuary salinity gradient, the laterally sheared streamwise velocity generates lateral salinity differences, with the saltiest water near the inside during flood. The resulting lateral baroclinic pressure gradient force enhances the standard helical circulation during ebb but counteracts it during flood. This first leads to a reversed secondary circulation during flood in the outer part of the cross section, which triggers a positive feedback mechanism by bringing slower-moving water from the outside inward along the surface. This leads to a reversal of the vertical shear in the streamwise flow, and therefore in the centrifugal force, which further enhances the reversed secondary circulation.