bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban energy exchanges monitoring from space
Authors: Chrysoulakis Nektarios , Grimmond Sue , Feigenwinter Christian , Lindberg Fredrik , Gastellu-Etchegorry Jean-Philippe , Marconcini Mattia , Mitraka Zina , Stagakis Stavros , Crawford Ben , Olofson Frans , Landier Lucas , Morrison William , Parlow Eberhard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOne important challenge facing the urbanization and global environmental change community is to understand the relation between urban form, energy use and carbon emissions. Missing from the current literature are scientific assessments that evaluate the impacts of different urban spatial units on energy fluxes; yet, this type of analysis is needed by urban planners, who recognize that local scale zoning affects energy consumption and local climate. Satellite-based estimation of urban energy fluxes at neighbourhood scale is still a challenge. Here we show the potential of the current satellite missions to retrieve urban energy budget fluxes, supported by meteorological observations and evaluated by direct flux measurements. We found an agreement within 5% between satellite and in-situ derived net all-wave radiation; and identified that wall facet fraction and urban materials type are the most important parameters for estimating heat storage of the urban canopy. The satellite approaches were found to underestimate measured turbulent heat fluxes, with sensible heat flux being most sensitive to surface temperature variation (−64.1, +69.3 W m−2 for ±2 K perturbation). They also underestimate anthropogenic heat fluxes. However, reasonable spatial patterns are obtained for the latter allowing hot-spots to be identified, therefore supporting both urban planning and urban climate modelling.
Linear motor driven-rotary motion of a membrane-permeabilized ghost in Mycoplasma mobile
Authors: Kinosita Yoshiaki , Miyata Makoto , Nishizaka Takayuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMycoplasma mobile exhibits a smooth gliding movement as does its membrane-permeabilized ghost model. Ghost experiments revealed that the energy source for M. mobile motility is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and that the gliding comprises repetitions of 70 nm steps. Here we show a new motility mode, in which the ghost model prepared with 0.013% Triton X-100 exhibits directed rotational motions with an average speed of approximately 2.1 Hz when ATP concentration is greater than 3.0 × 10−1 mM. We found that rotary ghosts treated with sialyllactose, the binding target for leg proteins, were stopped. Although the origin of the rotation has not been conclusively determined, this result suggested that biomolecules embedded on the cell membrane nonspecifically attach to the glass and work as a fluid pivot point and that the linear motion of the leg is a driving force for the rotary motion. This simple geometry exemplifies the new motility mode, by which the movement of a linear motor is efficiently converted to a constant rotation of the object on a micrometer scale.
The surge of earthquakes in Central Oklahoma has features of reservoir-induced seismicity
Authors: Johann Lisa , Shapiro Serge A. , Dinske Carsten 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recent surge of seismicity in Oklahoma and Kansas is related to fluid disposal. Evidences suggest that critical parameters are the injection volume as well as injection depth but dominant physical processes and a corresponding model to describe the physics are still not clear. We analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of induced earthquakes in the basement and find visible signatures of pore pressure diffusion and poroelastic coupling, features which strongly resemble seismicity induced by the filling of artificial lakes, so-called reservoir-induced seismicity. We developed a first-principle model of underground reservoir-induced seismicity. The physics of the model are based upon the combined mechanisms of fluid mass added to the pore-space of the injection layer and acting as a normal stress on the basement surface, pore-fluid pressure diffusion in the basement as well as poroelastic coupling contributing to the pore-fluid pressure and stress. Furthermore, we demonstrate that underground reservoir-induced seismicity occurs preferably in normal faulting and strike-slip settings, the latter being prevalent in Oklahoma. Our model explains observed injection volume and depth dependence of the seismicity and should be considered as a basis for future hazard prediction and prevention as well as for planning possible disposal sites.
Parents' Perception of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children With Cochlear Implants: The Impact of Language Skills and Hearing
Authors: Haukedal Christiane Lingås , von Koss Torkildsen Janne , Lyxell Björn , Wie Ona Bø 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe study compared how parents of children with cochlear implants (CIs) and parents of children with normal hearing perceive their children's health-related quality of life (HR-QOL).MethodThe sample consisted of 186 Norwegian-speaking children in the age span of 5;0–12;11 (years;months): 106 children with CIs (53% boys, 47% girls) and 80 children with normal hearing (44% boys, 56% girls). No children had known additional disabilities affecting language, cognitive development, or HR-QOL. Parents completed the generic questionnaire Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Varni, Seid, & Kurtin, 2001), whereas children completed a test battery measuring different aspects of language and hearing.ResultsParents of children with CIs reported statistically significantly poorer HR-QOL in their children, on Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory total score and the subdomains social functioning and school functioning. Roughly 50% of parents of children with CIs reported HR-QOL levels (total score) within normal limits. No significant differences between groups emerged on the physical health and emotional functioning subscales. For the children in the group with CIs, better speech perception in everyday situations was associated with higher proxy-ratings of HR-QOL. Better spoken language skills were weakly to moderately associated with higher HR-QOL.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the social and school situation is not yet resolved satisfactorily for children with CIs. Habilitation focusing on spoken language skills and better sound environment may improve social interactions with peers and overall school functioning.
Compact 41–93 GHz symmetric quadrature hybrid based on multi‐conductor coupled line in 65 nm CMOS process
Authors: Chen Zhe , Fan Kuikui 
Published: July 2018

The development of a compact 41–93 GHz symmetric quadrature hybrid based on multi‐conductor coupled lines in standard 65 nm bulk CMOS process is presented. The equivalent two‐line model of the multi‐conductor coupled line is derived and analysed with even/odd mode theory and ABCD matrix. With the multi‐conductor coupled‐line sections, high coupling coefficient, compact size, and wideband operation can be realised; meanwhile, keeping the responses of four ports fully symmetric, which is suitable for circuit applications demanding port symmetry. Designed compact symmetric quadrature hybrid is implemented with 65 nm bulk CMOS process. Measured results show the CMOS quadrature hybrid has good phase difference within 90 ± 2.5° and amplitude balance <±0.5 dB from 41 to 93 GHz, or a 75.5% fractional bandwidth, with an extremely compact size of 93 µm × 149 µm (0.0138 mm2), or 0.051λ0 × 0.024λ0.
120 Gbit/s high‐speed WDM‐QPSK free‐space optical transmission through 1 km atmospheric channel
Authors: Feng Xianglian , Wu Zhihang , Wang Tianshu , Jiang Huilin , Su Yuwei , Jiang Hexin , Gao Shiming 
Published: July 2018

The free‐space optical communication of high‐speed 120 Gbit/s wavelength‐division multiplexing (WDM) QPSK signals is demonstrated in an outdoor atmospheric channel with a distance of about 1 km. A pair of optical terminal systems with the capture and tracking functions is used to establish the atmospheric channel. The power fluctuation through the atmospheric turbulence agrees well with the exponentiated Weibull distribution. At the BER of 3.8 × 10−3, the required receiving powers for the three WDM channels are similar, which are all <−15.4 dBm.
Left and right ventricular strain in the course of acute myocarditis: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study
Authors: Luetkens Julian , Petry Pauline , Kuetting Daniel , Dabir Darius , Schmeel Frederic , Homsi Rami , Schild Hans , Thomas Daniel 
Published: July 2018

Purpose To investigate the degree of impairment in left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) myocardial strain parameters over the course of acute myocarditis and to evaluate its value for the prediction of functional recovery upon follow-up.
Materials and Methods 69 patients with acute myocarditis underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging during the acute stage (baseline) and after a mean 92.5 ± 50.4 days follow-up. Standard “Lake Louise” criteria (T2 signal intensity ratio, early gadolinium enhancement ratio and late gadolinium enhancement) and feature tracking derived LV and RV strain parameters were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to find predictors of functional recovery upon follow-up.
Results All inflammatory parameters showed a considerable decrease over the course of the disease (P < 0.001 for all parameters). LV and RV function significantly improved on follow-up CMR (LV ejection fraction: 53.5 ± 12.7 % vs. 61.3 ± 9.5 %; P < 0.001, RV ejection fraction: 54.1 ± 10.0 % vs. 59.4 ± 6.3 %; P < 0.001). LV and RV myocardial strain (longitudinal, circumferential and radial strain) significantly improved from baseline to follow-up (P < 0.05 for all parameters). On multivariate analysis, LV global peak systolic longitudinal strain (OR: 0.303; P = 0.007) was the only independent predictor of functional recovery upon follow-up.
Conclusion Alterations in LV and RV functional strain parameters occur frequently during the acute stage of myocarditis. During the course of the disease, a significant improvement in LV and RV strain parameters can be observed. It further appears that initial LV longitudinal strain may serve as a new parameter for the prediction of functional recovery upon follow-up.
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Gesundheitsatlanten in Deutschland – eine Übersicht
Authors: Augustin Jobst , Scherer Martin , Augustin Matthias , Schweikart Jürgen 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Interesse an regionalen Gesundheitsanalysen hat in den letzten Jahren stetig zugenommen. Dies spiegelt sich national und international unter anderem in der Veröffentlichung von Gesundheitsatlanten als Mittel der Kommunikation wider. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die aktuell bestehenden Gesundheitsatlanten in Deutschland in einer vergleichenden Analyse zu untersuchen.
Methodik Mittels der Internet-Suchmaschinen Google, Unbubble und Bing wurde eine systematische Online-Recherche vorgenommen. Dabei wurden im Vorfeld der Begriff „Atlas“ definiert und Suchbegriffe (z. B. Atlas, Gesundheit) sowie Einschlusskriterien (z. B. Zeitraum, Sprache) festgelegt. Zur Kategorisierung der Treffer wurden 12 Kategorien (z. B. Datengrundlage, Themen) und 89 Variablen (z. B. Epidemiologie, Arzneimittel) gebildet, denen die gefundenen Atlanten in einer Matrix zur Auswertung zugeordnet wurden.
Ergebnisse Die Recherche hat 49 Arbeiten ergeben, die den Einschlusskriterien entsprechen. Allerdings handelt es sich dabei nur bei 16 um einen Atlas im Sinne der Definition. Die Anderen können als „Werke mit Karten“ eingestuft werden. Das Thema Epidemiologie wird in 30, Versorgungsforschung in 32 Fällen aufgegriffen. Gesundheitskosten und Prävention werden in 17 bzw. 16 Arbeiten thematisiert.
Schlussfolgerung Die Studie hat eine Vielzahl von Gesundheitsatlanten identifizieren können. Allerdings lässt sich ein Großteil der Ergebnisse eher als ein Bericht mit Karte einordnen und nicht als Atlas. Dennoch zeigt sich der praktische Nutzen solcher Werke und damit einhergehend auch das Interesse an regionsspezifischen Fragen zur Gesundheit.
Contrast Media in Time-Resolved MRA at 3T: A Systematic Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Concentration and Dose Effects on Image Parameters in Minipigs
Authors: Hadizadeh Dariusch , Keil Vera , Jost Gregor , Pietsch Hubertus , Weibrecht Martin , Marx Christian , Willinek Winfried 
Published: July 2018

Purpose Quantitative and qualitative analysis of gadopentetate dimeglumine (GD) versus standard-dose (sGb) and half-dose (hGb) gadobutrol in thoracoabdominal time-resolved contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (4D-MRA) with dynamic computed tomography (dCT) as the quantitative reference in minipigs.
Materials and Methods 7 anesthetized Goettingen minipigs received thoracoabdominal dCT (0.37 s rotation time) and transverse 4D-MRA (0.3 s/dynamic frame;) using sGb and hGb. 8 other minipigs received coronal 4D-MRA (1.3 s/dynamic frame; sGb, hGb, SGD). dCT attenuation levels were converted into absolute gadolinium concentrations and compared to 4D-MRA peak signal intensities (SI). Bolus lengths were quantified by full width at half maximum (FWHM) measurements. After this comparison of dose effects on SI in transverse 4D-MRA, coronal 4D-MRAs were analyzed regarding both quantitative and qualitative parameters.
Results In dCT (transverse 4D-MRA) hGb showed 39.0 % (14.5 %) lower arterial peak gadolinium concentrations (peak SIs) and 20.6 % (33.8 %) shorter FWHM compared to sGb. The difference was due to peak plateaus or reversals in 4D-MRA in 5/7 animals. While sGb led to the highest peak SIs, image quality ratings of arteries were rated similarly high with all contrast agent protocols despite a slightly higher SI with sGb. In contrast, venous peak SIs and image quality ratings were significantly higher when using sGb.
Conclusion Peak Gd concentrations and 4D-MRA peak SIs are highest with sGB. These differences are most evident in the venous phase leading to superior image quality in multi-phase 4D-MRA.
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Pain control in chronic, refractory CRPS by continuous brachial plexus analgesia
Authors: Zyluk Andrzej , Puchalski Piotr 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report on the outcomes of treatment for severe pain associated with long-standing, refractory CRPS in 10 female patients by continuous brachial plexus
analgesia. The duration of the disease prior to treatment was 3.5 years on average, and mean baseline pain intensity was 8.3 on a numeric analogue scale (NRS).
All patients met the Budapest criteria for the diagnosis of CRPS. A spinal catheter was implanted into the brachial plexus via an open axillary approach.
Results: Each patient underwent a mean of 4.4 (range 2–8) spinal catheter implantations. A rapid and strong analgesic effect was observed immediately after the
injection of bupivacaine solution was started: Pain decreased from a mean of 8.3 to 1.6. The duration of maintaining the catheter in the brachial plexus and
achieving effective analgesia was 5.3 months (range 2–12). After the removal of the catheter, the pain returned to baseline. No patient achieved a permanent, or
at least partial, reduction of pain after completing this therapy.
Bevorzugte Therapieoptionen deutscher Handchirurgen beim M. Dupuytren
Authors: Reichert Bert , Baringer Magnus 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die vorliegende Untersuchung prüft, ob es zwischen 2015 und 2017 zu einem Wandel der von deutschen Handchirurgen zur Behandlung der Dupuytren’schen
Kontraktur bevorzugten Therapie kam, insbesondere ob ein Anstieg der Perkutanen Nadelfasziotomie zu verzeichnen ist.
Methode Jeweils 530 Mitglieder der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie (DGH) wurden 2015 und 2017 eingeladen an einer Online-Umfrage teilzunehmen,
bei der stadienbezogen nach der jeweils bevorzugten Therapie des M. Dupuytren und den entsprechenden Entscheidungskriterien gefragt wurde. 110 bzw. 101 Befragte
nahmen teil. Jeweils 86 gaben an, im Jahr bis 100 Patienten zu behandeln (Gruppe A), 24 bzw. 15 behandeln mehr als 100 Dupuytren-Patienten (Gruppe B).
Ergebnisse In beiden Umfragen wurde die Limitierte Fasziektomie als bevorzugte Therapie am häufigsten genannt (82,9 % und 87,7 %). Die Behandlung mit
clostridialer Kollagenase wird nur sporadisch durchgeführt (1,3 % bzw. 1,4 %). Die Perkutane Nadelfasziotomie hat nur in den Stadien I (19,1 % und 10,9 %) und
II (16,4 % und 9,9 %) eine gewisse Bedeutung und wird vor allem von Kollegen durchgeführt, die mehr als 100 Dupuytren-Patienten pro Jahr behandeln. Das
Kriterium „Bestes Ergebnis“ wurde als wichtigstes Motiv bei der Entscheidungsfindung/Indikationsstellung genannt (54,3 % und 68,6 %).
Schlussfolgerung Eine nennenswerte Verschiebung bei der Therapiewahl der Dupuytren’schen Kontraktur ist zwischen 2015 und 2017 in Deutschland nicht
erfolgt. Insbesondere ist kein Anstieg der PNF zu verzeichnen.
Von Willebrand Factor, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and C-Reactive Protein Are Markers of Thrombolytic Efficacy in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andreotti F , Hackett D R , Haider A W , Roncaglioni M C , Davies G J , Beacham J L , Kluft C , Maseri A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlasma von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and C-reactive protein were assessed as markers of coronary recanalisation in 30 patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). Blood samples were taken before t-PA (time 0), 4-hourly for 24 h and daily up to 72 h. A continuous electrocardiogram was recorded in the first 24 h. Coronary arteriography was performed 90 min and 24 h after the start of t-PA. Patients with a patent infarct artery (n = 17), compared to those with occluded artery (n = 13), showed a fall in von Willebrand factor from 0 to 24 h (p = 0.001), a greater fall in plasminogen activator inhibitor from 24 to 48 h (p = 0.04) and a fall in C-reactive protein from 48 to 72 h (p = 0.002). The accuracy of these indices compared favourably with time to peak plasma MB creatine kinase and ≥ 50% resolution of maximal ST-deviation on the electrocardiogram.Thus, changes in plasma von Willebrand factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor and C-reactive protein during the first 3 days of myocardial infarction are indicative of thrombolytic efficacy. Their concordant behaviour may reflect a common regulatory mechanism.
Cellular Regulation of Fibrinolysis
Authors: Plow Edward F , Felez Jordi , Miles Lindsey A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBy virtue of their capacity to bind plasminogen activators and plasminogen, to accelerate plasminogen activation and to protect bound plasmin from inactivation by α2 antiplasmin, cells can harness the broad proteolytic activity of plasmin to their surface. Most cells bind plasminogen with a very high capacity, a relatively low affinity (Kd~1 εM) and recognize the lysine binding sites of the molecule. Gangliosides serve as non-protein plasminogen binding sites, and a subset of membrane proteins with carboxy-terminal lysine residues also serve as receptors. The alpha isoform of enolase possesses a carboxy-terminal lysine and is a prominent plasminogen binding protein of cells. Cells of the monocytoid lineage, including peripheral blood monocytes, can markedly upregulate their expression of plasminogen receptors. The capacity to modulate expression of receptors for fibrinolytic components establishes an additional mechanism by which the cell-surface regulates the function of the plasminogen system.
Mediators of Induction of Augmented Expression of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 in Hep G2 Cells by Platelets
Authors: Hopkins William E , Westerhausen Donald R , Fujii Satoshi , Billadello Joseph J , Sobel Burton E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a physiologic modulator of the fibrinolytic system. We have shown previously that PAI-1 biosynthesis in cultured cells depends on several factors in serum. Because platelets are richly endowed with specific growth factors and because the release reaction is an integral part of thrombosis, the present study was performed to determine whether platelets augment PAI-1 production and if so, to define mediators responsible. Hep G2 cells were used to determine whether platelet lysates increased PAI-1 synthesis in a dose and time-dependent manner. In cells labeled metabolically with 35S-methionine for 6 h, an increase in labeled PAI-1 was elicited indicative of de novo synthesis as well as increased secretion of PAI-1 mediated by platelet lysates. Steady state levels of both the 3.2 and 2.2 kb forms of PAI-1 mRNA increased after 2 h and peaked in 3-5 h in a dose-dependent fashion as well. Incubation of Hep G2 cells with collagen activated platelets resulted in a similar induction of PAI-1 mRNA. The increase in PAI-1 mRNA occurred with exposure of the cells to platelet lysates for intervals as brief as 15 min and was not inhibited by cycloheximide indicating its independence of new protein synthesis. In order to identify the factors in platelets responsible for the induction of PAI-1 synthesis in the Hep G2 cell model system, neutralizing antibodies were used to inhibit specific platelet associated growth factors. Antibodies to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) receptor inhibited the platelet lysate-mediated increase in PAI-1 protein by 77%. The results indicate that physiologic concentrations of platelet derived TGF-β and EGF/TGF-α increase PAI-1 expression in Hep G2 cells and suggest that the augmentation of PAI-1 synthesis induced by platelets is mediated by specific platelet associated growth factors that may contribute to observed increases in circulating PAI-1 levels in patients with disorders manifested by thrombosis.
Platelet 5-Hydroxytryptamine Increases with Platelet Age in Dogs
Authors: Mezzano Diego , del Pino Guido E , Montesinos Marcelo , García M Eugenia , Aranda Eduardo , Foradori Arnaldo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombocytopenia was induced in mongrel dogs by two mechanisms: immunologically, by intravenous injection of heterologous antiplatelet antibody, and non-immunologically, by circulating the blood through glass beads in anesthetized animals. The platelet content of 5-HT was monitored before and during the recovery of the blood platelet counts. This period is associated with the normalization of the mean platelet survival time and with a progressive increase in the mean age of the circulating platelet population. A continuous increment in platelet 5-HT closely followed the increase in platelet counts in both models of thrombocytopenia, and a strong correlation was found between the platelet age and 5-HT content. These findings support the concept that platelets accumulate 5-HT during their physiological aging process, contradicting the notion that a negative balance in 5-HT content results at the end of their physiological lifespan in circulation. These results are not in conflict with the concept that circulating platelets release and re-uptake 5-HT.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization and Expression of cDNA for Rabbit Brain Tissue Factor
Authors: Pawashe Aruna , Ezekowitz Michael , Lin Tsung-Chung , Horton Renata , Bach Ronald , Konigsberg William 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTissue factor (TF) is a membrane anchored glycoprotein that initiates blood coagulation by forming a complex with circulating factor VII or VIIa. TF has been identified in atherosclerotic plaques and may possibly trigger thrombosis after spontaneous plaque rupture as seen in acute myocardial infarction or angioplasty. We have previously developed an atherosclerotic rabbit model for study of the acute and chronic outcomes following angioplasty. As a first step in developing inhibitors of TF, we have isolated and characterized a rabbit cDNA coding for the mature TF. The sequence comparison of rabbit TF cDNA with those of human and mouse TFs show considerable similarity at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels. The TF cDNA when expressed in E. coli demonstrates a procoagulant activity comparable to that of native rabbit brain TF. The TF activity can be blocked by a polyclonal antibody against rabbit TF.