bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Copper‐Assisted Intermolecular Domino C−H Annulation of 1,3‐Diynes with Picolinamides: Access to Pentacyclic π‐Extended Systems
Authors: Martínez Ángel Manu , Alonso Inés , Rodríguez Nuria , Gómez Arrayás Ramón , Carretero Juan C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new mode of reactivity of 1,3‐diynes in rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative annulation reactions has enabled the rapid assembly of extended π systems from readily available picolinamide derivatives. The process involves a double C−H bond activation and the iterative annulation of two 1,3‐diyne units, with each alkyne moiety engaged in an orchestrated insertion sequence with high regiocontrol, leading to the formation of five new C−C bonds and the construction of four fused rings in a single operation. Either isoquinoline‐1‐carboxamides or fused polycyclic systems can be accessed by a switch in the regioselectivity of the second diyne insertion depending on the reaction conditions. DFT theoretical calculations have elucidated that the cooperative participation of both rhodium and copper in substrate activation, favored in the presence of excess of the copper(II) salt, is key to such a reversal of regioselectivity and subsequent multiple cyclization leading to fused polycyclic products. The role of copper was found to be essential in assisting both multiple insertion and rhodium‐walking sequences, with the implication of intermediates with a Rh−Cu bond (2.60 Å).
Robust Direct Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Flows
Authors: Niethammer Matthias , Marschall Holger , Bothe Dieter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany technical processes involve viscoelastic flows, which makes the subject interesting for CFD. Despite the complex fluid rheology and related numerical problems in solving the constitutive equations, recent stabilization approaches allow for a robust simulation of viscoelastic flows in the technical relevant range at high degrees of fluid elasticity. A recent general‐purpose numerical stabilization framework, based on the finite‐volume method of OpenFOAM is presented and its capability for the robust simulation of viscoelastic single‐, as well as two‐phase flows is shown.
A Small‐Molecule SIRT2 Inhibitor That Promotes K‐Ras4a Lysine Fatty‐Acylation
Authors: Spiegelman Nicole A. , Hong Jun Young , Hu Jing , Jing Hui , Wang Miao , Price Ian R. , Cao Ji , Yang Min , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lin Hening 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSIRT2, a member of the sirtuin family of protein lysine deacylases, has been identified as a promising therapeutic target for treating cancer. In addition to catalyzing deacetylation, SIRT2 has recently been shown to remove fatty acyl groups from K‐Ras4a and promote its transforming activity. Among the SIRT2‐specific inhibitors, only the thiomyristoyl lysine compound TM can weakly inhibit the demyristoylation activity of SIRT2. Therefore, more potent small‐molecule SIRT2 inhibitors are needed to further evaluate the therapeutic potential of SIRT2 inhibition, and to understand the function of protein lysine defatty‐acylation. Herein we report a SIRT2 inhibitor, JH‐T4, which can increase K‐Ras4a lysine fatty acylation. This is the first small‐molecule inhibitor that can modulate the lysine fatty acylation levels of K‐Ras4a. JH‐T4 also inhibits SIRT1 and SIRT3 in vitro. The increased potency of JH‐T4 is likely due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy group and SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3. This is further supported by in vitro studies with another small‐molecule inhibitor, NH‐TM. These studies provide useful insight for future SIRT2 inhibitor development.
Zynq SoC based acceleration of the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Zhai Xiaojun , Amira Abbes , Bensaali Faycal , Al‐Shibani AlMaha , Al‐Nassr Asma , El‐Sayed Asmaa , Eslami Mohammad , Dakua Sarada Prasad , Abinahed Julien 
Published: February 2019

SummaryCerebral aneurysm is a life‐threatening condition. It is a weakness in a blood vessel that may enlarge and bleed into the surrounding area. In order to understand the surrounding environmental conditions during the interventions or surgical procedures, a simulation of blood flow in cerebral arteries is needed. One of the effective simulation approaches is to use the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method. Due to the computational complexity of the algorithm, the simulation is usually performed on high performance computers. In this paper, efficient hardware architectures of the LB method on a Zynq system‐on‐chip (SoC) are designed and implemented. The proposed architectures have first been simulated in Vivado HLS environment and later implemented on a ZedBoard using the software‐defined SoC (SDSoC) development environment. In addition, a set of evaluations of different hardware architectures of the LB implementation is discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the proposed implementation is able to accelerate the processing speed by a factor of 52 compared to a dual‐core ARM processor‐based software implementation.
Higher Mass Accuracy MALDI‐TOF/TOF Lipid Imaging of Human Brain Tissue in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: O'Rourke Matthew B. , Smith Caine C. , De La Monte Suzanne M. , Sutherland Greg T. , Padula Matthew P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI‐IMS) is a well‐established technique for elucidating the location and relative abundance of a range of biomolecules. More recently, research into this technique has shifted from simple discovery and demonstration of utility to application in biomedical research. Here, we describe a protocol utilizing MALDI‐IMS for the spatial mapping of lipids in brain tissue from normal human brains and brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease, in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Improved accuracy calibration of the instrument from the tissue surface is emphasized, as this allows for significantly improved mass determination in time of flight (TOF)‐based instruments enabling more confident preliminary lipid identification. This improved initial result allows MALDI‐IMS data to be complemented with additional instrumentation, such as liquid chromatography mass spectrometry workflows or specialized non‐TOF systems such as Fourier transform cyclotron resonance instruments. This method is not limited to human tissue and can be applied to virtually any lipid‐rich formalin‐fixed tissue. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether (CPME): A Versatile Eco‐Friendly Solvent for Applications in Biotechnology and Biorefineries
Authors: de Gonzalo Gonzalo , Alcántara Andrés R. , Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe quest for sustainable solvents is currently a matter of intense research and development, as solvents significantly contribute heavily to the waste generated by chemical industries. Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) is a promising eco‐friendly solvent with valuable properties such as low peroxide formation rate, stability under basic and acidic conditions, and relatively high boiling point. This Review discusses the potential use of CPME for applications in biotechnology (e.g., biotransformations, as solvent or cosolvent), biorefineries, and bioeconomy (e.g., for furan synthesis or as an extractive agent in liquid–liquid separations), as well as for other purposes, such as chromatography or peptide synthesis. Although CPME is currently produced by petrochemical means with a remarkably high atom economy, its biogenic production can be envisaged from substrates such as cyclopentanol or cyclopentanone, which can be derived from furfural or from (bio‐based) adipic acid, respectively. The combination of the promising properties of CPME as a (co)solvent with a future (economic) biogenic origin would be advantageous for setting strategies aligned with the sustainable chemistry principles.
Digital realization of the proposed linear model of the Hodgkin‐Huxley neuron
Authors: Amiri Masoud , Nazari Soheila , Faez Karim 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIt seems that computing systems that imitate the brain can be achieved by integrating of electronics and neuroscience. In recent years, neuromorphic systems have been developed by the fusion of electronics and neuroscience. Since neurons are the basis of neural systems, constructing the optimized digital neuron plays a critical role in neuromorphic applications. Furthermore, the dynamic of ionic channels, which are the causative agents of synaptic plasticity is the main characteristic of biological neurons. The Hodgkin‐Huxley neuron model is a mathematical description of biological neuron that is widely used in neuroscience to explore the relation of action potential propagation and information transmission. This model consists of nonlinear differential equations, which approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and cardiac muscle. In this paper, a simplified version of the Hodgkin‐Huxley neuron model was proposed by substituting its complex nonlinear dynamics with linear ones. Next, a digital circuit for the proposed linear model was designed, which can be implemented on a low‐cost hardware platform, such as field‐programmable gate array (FPGA). Comparison of MATLAB simulation of original model and Vivado simulation of the proposed digital circuit confirm that obtained results are in good agreement. The proposed digital circuit compared with the earlier circuits is more successful in terms of replicate essential characteristics of spiking responses and ionic currents in the biologically plausible model of neural activities. This new digital design will be applicable in developing neuro‐inspired chips and exploring the brain's functionality in information processing.
A dual‐mode tunable bandpass filter for GSM, UMTS, WiFi, and WiMAX standards applications
Authors: Sedighi Maragheh Samaneh , Dousti Massoud , Dolatshahi Mehdi , Ghalamkari Behbod 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a dual‐mode tunable bandpass filter (BPF) for global system for mobile communication, universal mobile telecommunications system, wireless fidelity, and worldwide interoperability for microwave access standard applications. The proposed filter consists of a stepped‐impedance resonator, single resonator, and coupled line, which are loaded with varactors. The center frequency and bandwidth of the proposed filter can be tuned with tuning varactors. Furthermore, the measurement results show that the BPF can be tuned over the frequency range of 1.8 to 2.5 GHz. Moreover, the bandwidth can be changed at each certain frequency. Furthermore, using PIN diodes, a bandstop filter is added to the tunable BPF to reduce the out‐of‐band frequencies around the desired frequencies. The values of LC equivalent circuits are calculated, and the results are compared with those obtained from the layout of the proposed structure. Finally, the measurement results justify the simulation results.
Delayed Blood Processing Leads to Rapid Deterioration in the Measurement of the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst by the Dihydrorhodamine‐123 Reduction Assay
Authors: Quach Alex , Glowik Shannon , Putty Trishni , Ferrante Antonio 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNeutrophils ex vivo in whole blood specimens are widely understood to decay rapidly when compared to other leukocytes, requiring assessment of neutrophil activity to be performed shortly after blood collection. There is a disparity in evidence for decay rates in measurements and recommended time‐frames for assaying neutrophil parameters in particular assays following blood collection. We, therefore, evaluated the decline in the neutrophil respiratory burst, typically screened for assessing congenital NADPH oxidase defects, over a shorter time‐course than previously published experiments.MethodsThe neutrophil respiratory burst was assessed by flow cytometric detection of DHR‐123 oxidation to rhodamine‐123 (Rho123), following stimulation of neutrophils by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), in heparinized healthy donor blood specimens immediately following venipuncture, and then at 3 and 5 h later with ambient temperature or refrigerated specimen storage.ResultsA consistent time‐dependent decline in the Rho123 fluorescence of PMA‐stimulated neutrophils was detected in the healthy donor specimens, indicating a decay in respiratory burst activity. Neutrophil oxidative indexes calculated for half of the specimens at 3 and 5 h of age, fell below our normal laboratory lower limit. We also found that Rho123 histograms of PMA‐stimulated neutrophils from stored healthy donor specimens have a risk of misinterpretation due to mimicking the appearance of histograms from carriers of CGD and other NADPH oxidase defects. Refrigeration of specimens did not significantly minimize decay.ConclusionsDHR assay of the neutrophil respiratory burst from blood specimens at 3 h post‐venipuncture and beyond can generate unreliable clinical measurements due to decay. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Bemessungshilfen für biegedruckbeanspruchtes unbewehrtes Mauerwerk – Teil 2: Anwendung von Bemessungshilfen für die Bemessung nach DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA
Authors: Gunkler Erhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe semi‐probabilistic safety concept of divided safety factors for action and resistance of DIN EN 1990 [1] in combination with the structural design codes DIN EN 1996‐1‐1 [2] and DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA [3] include the requirement that acting normal forces NEd may not exceed the normal force resistances NRd for the structural design of masonry under bending compression. According to [3], fully plastic material behaviour can be assumed and the stress block used as the material law for masonry.Building on this, design aids and their theoretical basis were presented in Part 1 of this scientific paper [4], which are comparable with the ω tables (called the ɸ table here) and the general design diagram for massive construction.The application of the design aids is described in this second part of this scientific paper through calculation examples and the connection with the calculation approaches of [3] is made clear.The relation to the reduction factor ɸm, which covers effects of 2nd order theory, is also obtained. With known values of the load eccentricities according to 1st and 2nd order theory, the design task becomes the analysis of the loadbearing capacity of the masonry section at half wall height. Knowing ɸm, the load eccentricity e2 and the additional moment according to 2nd order theory can subsequently be determined, which does not ensue from the calculation equations of [3].With the general design diagram, the values of compression zone height and the assumed load eccentricities of the acting normal forces, which result from the reset rule for masonry sections with high load eccentricities, can be directly read off, greatly improving the clarity of this procedure.
Die Rekonstruktion der historischen Fassaden für das Berliner Schloss
Authors: Wolter Bernhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe masonry and wall building for the reconstruction of the historic facades for the rebuilding of the Berlin Palace as the Humboldt Forum represent a unique challenge for the art of masonry, structural design and detailed design. In front of the modern reinforced concrete structure of the new palace building, the massive solid brick masonry wall, separated from it by mineral insulation, leads to an overall thickness for the historically reconstructed external wall that comes near to the average thickness of the baroque palace walls. The exceptional thickness of the brick wall serves as a substrate for the facade decoration elements of sandstone and together with the internal insulation, enables the requirements of the energy‐saving regulations (EnEV) to be clearly exceeded.
Disordered eating among Australian adolescents: Prevalence, functioning, and help received
Authors: Sparti Claudia , Santomauro Damian , Cruwys Tegan , Burgess Philip , Harris Meredith 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of disordered eating (DE) among Australian adolescents and examine associations with clinical mental health problems, problems with functioning, and help received.MethodWe analyzed data from the Young Minds Matter survey (n = 2,298, 13–17 years). We derived an index of DE severity with four levels: (1) no DE; (2) subclinical DE; (3) suspected eating disorder; and (4) lifetime eating disorder diagnosis.ResultsIn 2013–2014, 31.6% (95%CI 35.5–39.9) of Australian adolescents experienced DE, comprising 25.7% (95%CI 23.9–37.6) with subclinical DE, 11.0% (95%CI 9.7–12.6) with a suspected eating disorder, and 0.9% (95%CI 0.6–1.3) with a lifetime eating disorder diagnosis. DE was more common among girls (41.4%, 95%CI 37.9–44.4) than boys (34.0%, 95%CI 31.1–37.0; p = .002). Adolescents with DE, compared to those without, were more likely to experience clinical mental health problems and problems with functioning. Most adolescents with DE reported help‐seeking in the past year, commonly self‐help; around 40% used school‐based, primary care or specialist services (i.e., formal services). In multivariate analyses, the use of more specialized and intensive services was associated with more severe DE, greater problems with functioning, female gender, and 12‐month mental disorder or subthreshold mental disorder symptoms.DiscussionThe implementation of mental health promotion and prevention efforts for DE, and screening for DE in school and primary care settings, may facilitate detection and appropriate help‐seeking among adolescents with DE.
Health related quality of life of infants and children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Krom Hilde , van der Sluijs Veer Liesbeth , van Zundert Suzanne , Otten Marie‐Anne , Benninga Marc , Haverman Lotte , Kindermann Angelika 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare health related quality of life (HRQOL) in infants and children with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) to healthy and chronically ill controls.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in children who meet ARFID criteria at our tertiary care pediatric feeding clinic (September 2014 to July 2016). Before consultation, parents of patients (n = 100) were asked to complete questionnaires to determine HRQOL: the TNO‐AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life (0–5 years), and “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory” (6–7 and 8–10 years). HRQOL of ARFID patients was compared to both healthy (0–5 years n = 241; 6–7 years n = 61; 8–10 years n = 192) and chronically ill (0–5 years n = 79; 6–7 years n = 11; 8–10 years n = 26) controls.ResultsThe prevalence of ARFID was 64%. HRQOL of ARFID patients aged 0–5 years (n = 37) was significantly lower on 6/12 scales (appetite, lungs, stomach, motor functioning, positive mood and liveliness) compared to healthy controls (P < .01), and on 4/12 scales (appetite, stomach, motor functioning, and liveliness) compared to chronically ill controls (P < .01). The ARFID patients scored significantly better on the problem behavior scale compared to healthy and chronically ill controls (P < .01). ARFID patients aged 6–7 (n = 9) had significantly lower scores in 3/6 scales (total score, psychosocial health, and school functioning) (P < .01), and aged 8–10 (n = 2) had a significantly lower school functioning scale (P < .01) compared to healthy controls.ConclusionHRQOL of children with ARFID is decreased on multiple scales. The effect on HRQOL should be incorporated in clinical practice, and clinical studies should add HRQOL as an outcome measure.
Sex matters in complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: van Velzen Gijsbrecht A. J. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , van Kleef Maarten , van Eijs Frank V. , Marinus Johan , van Hilten Jacobus J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is much more prevalent in women than men but potential differences in clinical phenotype have not been thoroughly explored to date. Differences in the clinical presentation between sexes may point at new avenues for a more tailored management approach of CRPS. We therefore explored if in CRPS, the patient's sex is associated with differences in clinical and psychological characteristics.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study of 698 CRPS patients (599 females) fulfilling the Budapest clinical or research criteria, CRPS signs and symptoms, CRPS severity, pain (average pain intensity in the previous week and McGill pain rating index), pain coping (Pain Coping Inventory), physical limitations (Radboud Skills Questionnaire (upper limb), Walking and Rising questionnaire (lower limb)), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale) and kinesiophobia (Tampa scale for kinesiophobia) were evaluated.ResultsMale CRPS patients used more often extreme words to describe the affective qualities of pain, used more passive pain coping strategies, and were more likely to suffer from depression and kinesiophobia.ConclusionSex‐related differences are present in CRPS, but the effect is generally small and mainly concerns psychological functioning. A greater awareness of sex‐specific factors in the management of CRPS may contribute to achieving better outcomes.SignificanceWhat is known? Nonsex‐specific clinical data of CRPS patients. What is new? Male CRPS patients used more often extreme words to describe the affective qualities of pain, used more passive pain coping strategies, and were more likely to suffer from depression and kinesiophobia.
Ripple‐related firing of identified deep CA1 pyramidal cells in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy in mice
Authors: Marchionni Ivan , Oberoi Michelle , Soltesz Ivan , Alexander Allyson 
Published: February 2019

SummaryObjectiveTemporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often associated with memory deficits. Reactivation of memory traces in the hippocampus occurs during sharp‐wave ripples (SWRs; 140‐250 Hz). To better understand the mechanisms underlying high‐frequency oscillations and cognitive comorbidities in epilepsy, we evaluated how rigorously identified deep CA1 pyramidal cells (dPCs) discharge during SWRs in control and TLE mice.MethodsWe used the unilateral intraamygdala kainate model of TLE in video–electroencephalography (EEG) verified chronically epileptic adult mice. Local field potential and single‐cell recordings were performed using juxtacellular recordings from awake control and TLE mice resting on a spherical treadmill, followed by post hoc identification of the recorded cells.ResultsHippocampal SWRs in TLE mice occurred with increased intraripple frequency compared to control mice. The frequency of SWR events was decreased, whereas the overall frequency of SWRs, interictal epileptiform discharges, and high‐frequency ripples (250‐500 Hz) together was not altered. CA1 dPCs in TLE mice showed significantly increased firing during ripples as well as between the ripple events. The strength of ripple modulation of dPC discharges increased in TLE without alteration of the preferred phase of firing during the ripple waves.SignificanceThese juxtacellular electrophysiology data obtained from identified CA1 dPCs from chronically epileptic mice are in general agreement with recent findings indicating distortion of normal firing patterns during offline SWRs as a mechanism underlying deficits in memory consolidation in epilepsy. Because the primary seizure focus in our experiments was in the amygdala and we recorded from the CA1 region, these results are also in agreement with the presence of altered high‐frequency oscillations in areas of secondary seizure spread.