bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Injection of Fluoro-Gold into the tibial nerve leads to prolonged but reversible functional deficits in rats
Authors: Mi Daguo , Yuan Ying , Zhang Yanping , Niu Jiahui , Wang Yaxian , Yan Junying , Yang Yumin , Hu Wen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTract tracing with neuronal tracers not only represents a straightforward approach to identify axonal projection connection between regions of the nervous system at distance but also provides compelling evidence for axonal regeneration. An ideal neuronal tracer meets certain criteria including high labeling efficacy, minimal neurotoxicity, rapid labeling, suitable stability in vivo, and compatibility to tissue processing for histological/immunohistochemical staining. Although labeling efficacy of commonly used fluorescent tracers has been studied extensively, neurotoxicity and their effect on neural functions remains poorly understood. In the present study, we comprehensively evaluated motor and sensory nerve function 2–24 weeks after injection of retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG), True Blue (TB) or Fluoro-Ruby (FR) in the tibial nerve in adult Spague-Dawley rats. We found that motor and sensory nerve functions were completely recovered by 24 weeks after tracer exposure, and that FG lead to a more prolonged delay in functional recovery than TB. These findings shed light on the long-term effect of tracers on nerve function and peripheral axonal regeneration, and therefore have implications in selection of appropriate tracers in relevant studies.
Study of the impact of long-duration space missions at the International Space Station on the astronaut microbiome
Authors: Voorhies Alexander A. , Mark Ott C. , Mehta Satish , Pierson Duane L. , Crucian Brian E. , Feiveson Alan , Oubre Cherie M. , Torralba Manolito , Moncera Kelvin , Zhang Yun , Zurek Eduardo , Lorenzi Hernan A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the course of a mission to the International Space Station (ISS) crew members are exposed to a number of stressors that can potentially alter the composition of their microbiomes and may have a negative impact on astronauts’ health. Here we investigated the impact of long-term space exploration on the microbiome of nine astronauts that spent six to twelve months in the ISS. We present evidence showing that the microbial communities of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, nose and tongue change during the space mission. The composition of the intestinal microbiota became more similar across astronauts in space, mostly due to a drop in the abundance of a few bacterial taxa, some of which were also correlated with changes in the cytokine profile of crewmembers. Alterations in the skin microbiome that might contribute to the high frequency of skin rashes/hypersensitivity episodes experienced by astronauts in space were also observed. The results from this study demonstrate that the composition of the astronauts’ microbiome is altered during space travel. The impact of those changes on crew health warrants further investigation before humans embark on long-duration voyages into outer space.
Contextual fear learning and memory differ between stress coping styles in zebrafish
Authors: Baker Matthew R. , Wong Ryan Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnimals frequently overcome stressors and the ability to learn and recall these salient experiences is essential to an individual’s survival. As part of an animal’s stress coping style, behavioral and physiological responses to stressors are often consistent across contexts and time. However, we are only beginning to understand how cognitive traits can be biased by different coping styles. Here we investigate learning and memory differences in zebrafish (Danio rerio) displaying proactive and reactive stress coping styles. We assessed learning rate and memory duration using an associative fear conditioning paradigm that trained zebrafish to associate a context with exposure to a natural olfactory alarm cue. Our results show that both proactive and reactive zebrafish learn and remember this fearful association. However, we note significant interaction effects between stress coping style and cognition. Zebrafish with the reactive stress coping style acquired the fear memory at a significantly faster rate than proactive fish. While both stress coping styles showed equal memory recall one day post-conditioning, reactive zebrafish showed significantly stronger recall of the conditioned context relative to proactive fish four days post-conditioning. Through understanding how stress coping strategies promote biases in processing salient information, we gain insight into mechanisms that can constrain adaptive behavioral responses.
Bindel-PCR: a novel and convenient method for identifying CRISPR/Cas9-induced biallelic mutants through modified PCR using Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase
Authors: Sakurai Takayuki , Kamiyoshi Akiko , Takei Norio , Watanabe Satoshi , Sato Masahiro , Shindo Takayuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe developed a novel and convenient method for rapidly identifying CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-edited biallelic knockout (KO) cells/individuals carrying insertions or deletions of a few nucleotides (indels) by performing PCR on genomic DNA samples under stringent conditions and low MgCl2 concentrations. The biallelic KO samples can be judged as ‘negative’ under these conditions. The sense primer corresponds to the sequence recognised by guide RNA and subsequently cleaved by Cas9 immediately upstream of a target gene’s proto-spacer adjacent motif (PAM), and the reverse primer corresponds to the sequence ~200 bp downstream from the PAM. PCR performed using this primer set under standard MgCl2 concentrations (1.5–2.5 mM) should generate PCR products derived from both mutated and unedited alleles, whereas PCR performed using lower MgCl2 concentrations (0.8–2 mM) should yield products derived from unedited alleles. This enables high-throughput screening of biallelic mutants among cells/embryos having ≥1 indels at a region within 5 bp upstream of the PAM (where more than 94% of indels are known to appear). We performed proof-of-principle analyses of this novel approach using genome-edited Et1, Tyr, Ramp1, Ramp3, and Rosa26 mouse samples carrying various types of indels, and demonstrate that this new technique allows rapid identification of biallelic KO mutants among samples carrying various types of indels and mosaic mutations with 100% accuracy. We name this system detection of biallelic KO mutants harbouring indels using PCR (Bindel-PCR).
Mitochondrial Akt Signaling Modulated Reprogramming of Somatic Cells
Authors: Chen Yu-Han , Su Ching-Chieh , Deng Wu , Lock Leslie F. , Donovan Peter J. , Kayala Matthew A. , Baldi Pierre , Lee Hsiao-Chen , Chen Yumay , Wang Ping H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe signaling mechanisms controlling somatic cell reprogramming are not fully understood. In this study, we report a novel role for mitochondrial Akt1 signaling that enhanced somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. The role of mitochondrial Akt1 in somatic cell reprogramming was investigated by transducing fibroblasts with the four reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) in conjunction with Mito-Akt1, Mito-dnAkt1, or control virus. Mito-Akt1 enhanced reprogramming efficiency whereas Mito-dnAkt1 inhibited reprogramming. The resulting iPSCs formed embryoid bodies in vitro and teratomas in vivo. Moreover, Oct4 and Nanog promoter methylation was reduced in the iPSCs generated in the presence of Mito-Akt1. Akt1 was activated and translocated into mitochondria after growth factor stimulation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). To study the effect of mitochondrial Akt in ESCs, a mitochondria-targeting constitutively active Akt1 (Mito-Akt1) was expressed in ESCs. Gene expression profiling showed upregulation of genes that promote stem cell proliferation and survival and down-regulation of genes that promote differentiation. Analysis of cellular respiration indicated similar metabolic profile in the resulting iPSCs and ESCs, suggesting comparable bioenergetics. These findings showed that activation of mitochondrial Akt1 signaling was required during somatic cell reprogramming.
MIG1 as a positive regulator for the histidine biosynthesis pathway and as a global regulator in thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus
Authors: Nurcholis Mochamad , Murata Masayuki , Limtong Savitree , Kosaka Tomoyuki , Yamada Mamoru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKmmig1 as a disrupted mutant of MIG1 encoding a regulator for glucose repression in Kluyveromyces marxianus exhibits a histidine-auxotrophic phenotype. Genome-wide expression analysis revealed that only HIS4 in seven HIS genes for histidine biosynthesis was down-regulated in Kmmig1. Consistently, introduction of HIS4 into Kmmig1 suppressed the requirement of histidine. Considering the fact that His4 catalyzes four of ten steps in histidine biosynthesis, K. marxianus has evolved a novel and effective regulation mechanism via Mig1 for the control of histidine biosynthesis. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that there were more than 1,000 differentially expressed genes in Kmmig1, suggesting that Mig1 is directly or indirectly involved in the regulation of their expression as a global regulator.
Inorganic arsenic causes intestinal barrier disruption
Authors: Chiocchetti Gabriela M , Vélez Dinoraz , Devesa Vicenta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As) is the most toxic form of As found in food and water. Gastrointestinal disorders have been reported in populations chronically exposed to this arsenical form or to one of its metabolites; however, studies to determine the mechanisms of inorganic As toxicity at the intestinal level are scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms of toxicity of inorganic As [As(iii) and As(v)] on intestinal epithelial cells. For this purpose, two human intestinal cell models were used: non-transformed colon epithelial cells (NCM460) and epithelial cells from a colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2). Exposure to As(iii) and As(v) generates an increase in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 (57–1135%) and an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (130–340%) in both cell lines. This pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant response may be responsible for the structural and functional modifications demonstrated in the monolayers formed by both cell types. Treatments with As(iii) and As(v) produce a redistribution of zonula occludens 1 and a reduction in the expression of claudin 1, tight junction proteins that participate in maintaining the structure of the epithelium. All these toxic effects are finally translated into a loss of the barrier function of intestinal monolayers.
Mikrobiota und Reizdarmsyndrom – eine kritische Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Enck Paul , Mazurak Nazar 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDieses narrative Review beleuchtet kritisch die Rolle der Darmmikrobiota bei funktionellen Störungen vom Typ Reizdarmsyndrom. Ausgehend von Veränderungen der Zusammensetzung und Vielfalt der Mikrobiota, wie sie oft in korrelativen Studien gefunden wurden, stellt es kritische Fragen nach Ursache/Wirkung, nach Spezifität und Sensitivität der Befunde im Vergleich zu anderen Erkrankungen und nach den klinisch-wissenschaftlichen Möglichkeiten, die Mikrobiota zu verändern. Dabei werden Prä-, Pro- und Antibiotika ebenso diskutiert wie der Einfluss von Ernährung und der Austausch durch fäkalen Mikrobiom-Transfer (FMT). Für das Reizdarmsyndrom haben sich bislang die wenigsten Strategien als erfolgreiche Therapieansätze erwiesen. Dies kann zum einen an der Heterogenität des Krankheitsbildes selbst liegen, zum anderen an nach wie vor unklaren Konzepten der mikrobiellen Forschung, z. B. dem Begriff der Dysbiose, oder an methodischen Differenzen der molekulargenetischen Forschung, die in den publizierten Arbeiten nicht sichtbar werden. Künftige Studien sollten sich auf die Identifizierung der Faktoren konzentrieren, die das Ansprechen auf solche Behandlungsarten erklären und vorhersagen können.
Aktuelle Aspekte zur Fotodokumentation in der Plastischen Chirurgie und deren Veröffentlichung
Authors: Motamedi Melodi , Hegemann Jan , Allert Sixtus 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der Erstellung von Patientenaufnahmen und deren Verbreitung bzw. Veröffentlichungen sind vielfältige Rechte betroffen, die beachtet werden sollten. Es ist unerlässlich zu wissen, wann tatsächlich eine schriftliche Einwilligung des Patienten vorliegen sollte und wann nicht. Entscheidend ist auch, dass trotz einer vorliegenden schriftlichen Einwilligung des Patienten, Gesetze im deutschen Rechtsystem existieren, die darüber hinaus eine Veröffentlichung reglementieren. Dies ist ein schwierig zu durchschauendes juristisches Thema, welches viele ärztliche Kollegen verunsichert. In der folgenden Übersichtsarbeit haben wir versucht die von dieser Thematik betroffenen wichtigsten Gesetze verständlich in einem nachvollziehbaren Zusammenhang zu bringen.
Clinical Outcomes of Posterolateral Complex Reconstruction Performed with a Single Femoral Tunnel
Authors: Helito Camilo Partezani , Sobrado Marcel Faraco , Giglio Pedro Nogueira , Bonadio Marcelo Batista , Pécora José Ricardo , Gobbi Riccardo Gomes , Camanho Gilberto Luis , Angelini Fabio Janson 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study is to report the functional outcomes, complications, and reconstruction failure rate of patients undergoing posterolateral complex reconstruction with a single femoral tunnel technique. Patients with posterolateral complex injuries associated with injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), or both undergoing surgical treatment with the single femoral tunnel technique were included in the study. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm's scales were evaluated, in addition to age, gender, time between trauma and surgery, trauma type, range of motion (ROM) restrictions, peroneal nerve injury, and reconstruction failure. Sixty-six patients were included. Eighteen underwent ACL and posterolateral complex (PLC) reconstruction (group 1), 24 underwent ACL, PCL, and PLC reconstruction (group 2), and 24 underwent PCL and PLC reconstruction (group 3). The mean follow-up was 63 months. The subjective IKDC was 83.7 ± 14.6 for group 1, 74.3 ± 12.6 for group 2, and 66.3 ± 16.0 for group 3 (p < 0.001). The Lysholm's score was 87.1 ± 12.8 for group 1, 79.5 ± 15.0 for group 2, and 77.7 ± 15.2 for group 3 (p = 0.042). There were six reconstruction failures among the patients (9.1%) with no differences among the groups (p = 0.368). Female gender and reconstruction failure were associated with worse outcomes. Patients undergoing reconstruction of PLC structures with the single femoral tunnel technique achieved good functional outcomes and a failure rate similar to literature. Patients undergoing only combined ACL reconstruction showed better outcomes than patients undergoing combined PCL reconstruction. Female gender was associated with a worse functional outcome irrespective of the injury type.
Midterm Comparison of Tibial Fixation between Posterior Cruciate-Retaining and Substituting Porous Tantalum Total Knee Arthroplasty: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Kaneko Takao , Kono Norihiko , Mochizuki Yuta , Hada Masaru , Toyoda Shinya , Ikegami Hiroyasu , Musha Yoshiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPorous tantalum tibial component is durable with excellent bone ingrowth, higher knee scores, and long-term survivorship. However, to our knowledge, the effect of posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior cruciate-substituting (PS) porous tantalum tibial component has not been reported. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prosthetic bone quality between CR porous tantalum tibial component and PS using three-dimensional multi-detector-row computed tomography (3D-MDCT). Porous twenty-two (22) CR total knee arthroplasties and 22 PS received 3D-MDCT at every 6 months up to 5.5 years postoperatively to assess prosthetic bone quality (bone marrow contents/tissue volumes [BMC/TV, mg/cm3]) underneath the pegs of porous tantalum modular tibial component. Clinical outcomes (Knee Society score [KSS], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC), FJS-12, Patella score) were evaluated at a minimum follow-up period of 5.5 years. No statistically significant differences were found in age, gender, body mass index, KSS, and BMC/TV volumes in the proximal tibia between the two groups before total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There were also no significant differences between the CR and PS groups with regard to BMC/TV at every 6 months up to 5.5 years after TKA. At 5.5 years postoperatively, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the KSS, WOMAC, forgotten joint score (FJS-12), and Patella score. The present study revealed that the prosthetic bone quality of the CR porous tantalum tibial component and PS were equivalent at every 6 months up to 5.5 years after TKA. This study reflects level II evidence.
Telecom wavelength single photon sources
Authors: Cao Xin , Zopf Michael , Ding Fei 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Single photon sources are key components for quantum technologies such as quantum communication, computing and metrology. A key challenge towards the realization of global quantum networks are transmission losses in optical fibers. Therefore, single photon sources are required to emit at the low-loss telecom wavelength bands. However, an ideal telecom wavelength single photon source has yet to be discovered. Here, we review the recent progress in realizing such sources. We start with single photon emission based on atomic ensembles and spontaneous parametric down conversion, and then focus on solid-state emitters including semiconductor quantum dots, defects in silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes. In conclusion, some state-of-the-art applications are highlighted.
Preparation and properties of silane-treated banana fiber/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites
Authors: Insung T , Chaiyut N , Ksapabutr B , Panapoy M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) reinforced with silane-treated banana fiber (BFSi) at various fiber contents was studied. Banana fiber surfaces were firstly treated by sodium hydroxide and subsequently by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The biocomposites were then prepared by melt blending method in a twin-screw extruder. The effect of BFSi fiber contents on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to reveal the cryo-fractured surfaces of the composites. Mechanical properties, thermal characteristics and thermal stability were carried out by universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. Interfacial adhesion between PLA matrix and BFSi fibers was significantly improved even fiber content up to 40% by weight. There were few fiber pull-outs or voids appeared. With increasing fiber contents, tensile modulus and strength increased while elongation at break decreased. Moreover, glass transition temperature (Tg) and cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) decreased, whereas, crystallinity (Xc) significantly increased, however, melting temperature (Tm) was almost intact when fiber contents increased. The composites with higher amount of fibers exhibited faster thermal decomposition and higher residue contents at 550°C.
Mechanical properties of SiC fibers irradiated by swift heavy ions
Authors: Zhang L Q , Zhang C H , Huang Q , Yan T X , Ding Z N , Zhang X L , Chen Y G , Ma B S , Li J Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Mechanical properties and surface features of SiC fibers irradiated with 246.8-MeV Ar ions at different fluences (1.5x1014, 9.0x1014, 1.8x1015, and 2.7x1015 ions/cm2) were investigated using a specific single filament tensile test and a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results reveal that carbon concentration on the fiber surface decreases while silicon concentration increases, with increasing ion fluence, accompanied by an adsorption of oxygen. Meanwhile, the diameter of fibers first reduces and then increases, with increasing ion fluence. Moreover, at 2.7x1015 Ar ions/cm2 irradiation, some fibers were fractured. As a result, the mean tensile strength and the average elastic modulus of fibers decrease generally with respect to the ion fluence. The degradation mechanisms of mechanical properties of SiC fibers under irradiation were discussed in detail.
Buckling loads for sandwich structures having FRP faces and FGM core
Authors: Muc A , Kędziora P , Chwał M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to present a consistent 2D formulation of sandwiches (CS – classical sandwiches and FGMs – functionally gradient materials) that is accurate enough for a prediction of thermo-mechanical buckling load. Various kinematical hypothesis and variational formulations are studied in order to compare them with 3D finite element modelling and to estimate the effectiveness of 2D approximations. The examples deal with the compressed rectangular plates and shallow cylindrical panels. The effects of boundary conditions on both values of thermal and mechanical buckling loads as well on the variations of bifurcation loads with fibre orientations are discussed in details.
Preparation of graphene coated aluminum composite powders by high-energy ball milling
Authors: Heping Liu , Fenger Sun , Yibo Gao , Shaolei Cheng , Xingbin Jing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The preparation of composite powders has an important impact on the properties of the synthesized bulk materials. In this work, graphene coated aluminum composite powders were successfully prepared by high-energy ball milling. The microstructure of graphene/aluminum mixed powders was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of the micro-morphology of the composite powders and the ratio of the ball to the particle size of the graphene-coated aluminum composite powders were analyzed in detail. The results show that graphene can be uniformly dispersed in aluminum powder without significant agglomeration in the case of ball milling parameters with a ball-to-powder ratio of 5:1. When the ratio of ball to material is 6:1, the dispersion effect was not so obvious. However, the level of agglomeration in the composite powders at ratios 7:1 and 8:1 differed respectively; some particles were deformed and the dispersion effect was reduced. The particle size of the graphene coated aluminum composite powder increased with the increase of ball to material ratio. Thermodynamic analysis of the interface reaction between graphene and aluminum composite powders shows that the maximum content of graphene microflakes on the surface of aluminum powder is 0.3wt%.
Study on Vibration and Acoustic Radiation Characteristics of Composite Material Superstructures of Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Gao Cong , Huang Xichun , Huang Guobing , Dai Huiling 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Composite materials have been widely used in underwater ships for advantages of high specific strength, excellent acoustic performance and well designability. As an important indicator to measure combat effectiveness and vitality of underwater ships, structural radiation noise is the main target of acoustic detection weapons and the main factor that interferes with sonars. Underwater vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of superstructure using composite sandwich panels directly affects the acoustic performance of underwater vehicles and the comfort and safety of personnel, therefore, research on vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of underwater vehicle superstructure with composite material has important theoretical value and engineering prospect.