bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paleocene-Eocene Sequence of Northwestern Himalayas-A Product of Rhythmic Sedimentation
Authors: Chaudhri R. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper discusses the rhythmic nature of the Paleocene-Eocene sequence of northwestern Himalayas. It is concluded that the Subathu Formation comprises the sediments accumulated in three sedimentary rhythms corresponding in close approximation to the Paleocene, Early Eocene and Middle Eocene Epochs. The cause of cyclic sedimentation is attributed to eustatic sea level changes accompanied by subsidence.
Sulphur Isotopic Composition of Barite and Pyrites from Mangampeta, Cuddapah District Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Karunakaran C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
New sulphur isotopic data for the stratiform barite and associated pyrites at Mangampeta indicate that the sulphur in the barite and pyrites was derived from sea water sulphate by bacteriogenic reduction. The barium may have come from volcanogenic or subrnarine-exhalative sources.
On the Myrmekites from the Granite Gneiss of Doranda, Hazaribagh District, Bihar
Authors: Ghosh Debashish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The abundance of myrmekite within the granite gneisses of Doranda is strongly correlated to the proportion of K-feldspar within the granite gneiss. The proportion of quartz in myrmekite is independent of the anorthite content of the myrmekitic plagioclase. These myrmekites have originated due to crystallization of residual liquid within some strain features developed within the plagioclases at their contact with K-feldspar. The strain features resulted due to lateral Stress exerted on the plagioclase by the growing adjacent K-feldspar.
Distribution of Iron, Manganese, Cobalt and Nickel in Sediment Cores of the Northeastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Madusudhana Rao C. , Anantha Padmanabha Setty M. G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A study of the distribution of iron, manganese, cobalt and nickel in sediment cores from the shelf, slope and basin regions of Bornbay-Kathiawar coast of India shows that cobalt and nickel are derived from the overlying sea water as adsorbants of manganese and iron hydroxides, clay minerals, and organic matter present in the sediment. Since the cores represent differing environments, the inter-relationship and the factors governing adsorption and fixing them in the sediment vary considerably.
Mn/Fe ratio decreases uniformly with depth in the shelf sediments excepting in one core, whereas on the slope and the basin, it indicates a gain which is due to the enclosed slum and turbidite deposits. The manganese: iron ratios for (a) the shelf cores are 1 : 72; 3 : 205; and 6: 265; (b) for the slope it is 1 : 116; and (c) the basin 6: 170. The values are highest in one core. This suggests an enrichment of manganese in the shelf region and in the basin, but great mobility in the slope and parts of the shelf resulting in depletion.
Iron-cobalt and manganese-nickel are the covariants, and hence correlatable. Significantly, the organic matter in the slope sediment is inversely proportional to the amount of manganese present in the sediment. One core shows some unusuIIy high values (56 ppm cobalt and 75 ppm nickel) as against the average values of 13 and 55, respectively, for near-shore sediments (total sediment) of North Atlantic and North Pacific.
Bauxite and Hematite Cappings in the Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu-Study from Geomorphic Angle
Authors: Subramanian K. S. , Murthy M. V. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Nilgiri plateau is marked by a number of bauxite and hematite cappings, the former over charnockites and the latter over magnetite quartzite, as products of residual chemical weathering. A study of disposition in space of about twenty groups of bauxite and six groups of hematite cappings indicates their Occurrence confined around 8000' and 7000' above M.S.L. and these conform to two surfaces already reported on geomorphic evidences.
In the absence of datable sediments overlying the cappings, it has not been possible to find the exact age of the laterites. Based on a general finding from worldwide occurrences of bauxite that gibbsite forms first and later transforms over a period of geological time into boehmite and diaspore, it is inferred that the Nilgiri bauxites could be of Tertiary age.
Structures and Stratigraphic Relations of the Aravallis, South Eastern Rajasthan
Authors: Sen Gupta S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The area from Salumbar in the northwest to Jagpura in the southeast shows a striking uniformity in lithological and structural characters. The rocks exposed in the area have been grouped into three different units on the basis of lithology.
The granites appear to be an original metasedimentary terrain which acted as the basement for younger rocks after being granitised. Because of lack of sedimentary structures within the sedimentary sequence the stratigraphic succession cannot be correctly established. However, it is interpreted that there is no effective large scale inversion within the sequence inspite of the presence of a number of fold phases. Therefore, the structural succession has been tentatively suggested to represent the stratigraphic succession in the area.
Petrological Observations on Nepheline Syenites of Baradangua, Dhenkanal, Orissa
Authors: Sahu K. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nepheline syenites occur as a small concordant body within Precambrian amphibolites around Baradangua of Dhenkanal, Orissa, India. The rocks are characterized by presence of microcline, albite, nepheline and biotite with calcite, sphene, apatite and ilmeno-magnetite as accessories. Nepheline :composition indicates a temperature of crystallisation slightly below 700°C and a subsolvus character of the crystallising liquid. Composition of nepheline syenite is discussed in relation to those of coexisting nepheline and potash feldspar.
Significance of Textural and Petrographic Attributes of several Cretaceous Sandstones, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Hoque Mominul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Textural and petrographic attributes of sandstones of several Cretaceous formations of southern Nigeria sedimentary basin have been evaluated. Sandstones of the first sedimentary cycle (Albian-Santonian) confined mainly to the Abakaliki basin are feldspathic and those of the second sedimentary cycle (Campanian-Eocene) confined mainly to the Anambra-Afikpo basin are quartz arenites. Nearness of the Abakaliki basin to the source region of Cameroun basement complex was the governing factor in the survival and accumulation of feldspars in the sand of the first cycle. Although detritus of the second cycle was derived from the same source region, it underwent intense chemical weathering in a humid climate and during long transportation to the Anambra site of deposition, and thereby attained a high degree of mineralogical maturity. In both cases, duration of erosion played a critical role in the presence or absence of feldspar in sediments. Quartz arenites with low textural index are perhaps indicative of a miogeosynclinal deposition whereas texturally mature quartz arenites are characteristic of cratonic or stable platform. Fragmentation of large polycrystalline quartz grains into finer subindividuals in a dynamic environment is advanced as an adequate mechanism to account for the origin of fine and silt-size particles in a sedimentary system.
Preliminary Investigation of Pleistocene Valley Glaciation in Part of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma V. K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on the distribution of surficial deposits south of the Dhauladhar range in Kangra district, two periods of Pleistocene valley glaciation in the upper reaches of Churan, Manjhi and Manuni Khads are inferred. The glacial deposits have been differentiated and spatially correlated on the basis of morphology, composition, degree of weathering and relative heights above the channels. The drifts of Early glaciation occurring from 1435 to 1590 m suggest one major ice advance and that of the Late glaciation between 1020 and 1830 m suggests two major ice advances during the Pleistocene period.
The Sundernagar Group: Its Geology, Correlation and Significance as Stratigraphically the Deepest Sediment in the Peninsular or Lesser Himalaya
Authors: Srikantia S. V. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An association of quartzite, slate and basic volcanics forming the foundation of the Shali Group is designated as the Sundernagar Group. The base of this formation is not exposed and the entire edifice of the sequence, ranging from the Shali, Simla, Blaini, Infra-Krol, Krol, and the Tertiaries, is built upon this formation making it stratigraphically the deepest sediment in the Peninsular or the Lesser Himalaya.
As the history of the Sundernagar Group is closely linked with the events in the northern part of Peninsular India, a correlation is attempted with the Pre-Vindhyan groups like the Delhi, Bijawar and Gwalior. In the Lesser Himalaya, it has been found that most of the older Proterozoic carbonate belts like the Larji, Deoban, Tejam-Pithoragarh, Suparitar (Nawakot) and Baxa contain, at their base an association of quartzite, slate and volcanics. This proves the widespread extension of the Sundernagar rocks and the Mandi-Darla Volcanic episode in the Himalaya during the Delhi period.
From the present study it is postulated that the Pre-Delhi basement complex forms the basement for the entire sedimentary sequence in the Peninsular Himalaya.
Two Species of a Austrotrillina from Western Cutch
Authors: Dasgupta Amal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Two species of Austrotrillina are described from Waior and Cheropodi, western Cutch, of which Austrotrillina howchini Schlumberger, is a very common Lower Miocene form of India and abroad. Austrotrillina striata Todd and Post, previously known from Marshall islands, is now found in the lowermost Miocene beds of Cutch. Certain morphological variations of these species are discussed.
On the Discovery of New Pholidophorus Fishes from the Kota Formation, Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Yadagiri P. , Prasad K. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A rich assemblage of Piscean and Sauropodian remains were recovered from the Kota Formation (Upper Gondwana sequence) of the Pranhita-Godavari Valley. Two new species of Pholidophorus which have a bearing on the evolution of Holostean fishes are recognised. The stratigraphic significance of these fishes on the age of the Kota Formation is discussed on available evidence.
Stratigraphic Appraisal of 'Kota Flora'
Authors: Jagannatha Rao B. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The term 'Kota flora' is generally applied to the plant fossils reported from the plant beds of the Kota group as defined by King. This flora having an intermediate status stratigraphically between Early Jurassic 'Rajmahal flora' and Late Jurassic to to Early Cretaceous 'Jabalpur flora' is involved in two controversies. The first controversy relates to the Liassic fish fauna found in Kota limestone overlying the plant beds in the Godavari valley area; the second relates to Early Cretaceous marine fauna found associated with this Middle to Late Jurassic flora. The paper presents a stratigraphic appraisal of this controversial flora in the light of recent mapping, palynological and radiometric data available from related Upper Gondwana formations. These point to the possibility that Rajmahal Trap and Deccan Trap flows were initiated probably during Aptian times (Early Cretaceous).
Talchir (Lower Gondwana) Sedimentation in Daltonganj Coal Field, Bihar, India
Authors: Sen D. P. , Hatim A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The sediments include glacial outwash plain, glacio-lacustrine delta and glacial lake deposits. Glaciers were probably of a piedmont type that existed towards the south and southwest of the basin. Melt water season seems to have dominated over winter season. Fluctuation in the ratio of melting controlled by short lived temperature variation resulted in the deposition of number of complete and incomplete sequences with draped lamination and ripple-drift cross lamination between two winter clay layers. The Palaeozoic sea which existed to the north of the basin was connected to the main basin at a late stage through a channel cut by glacier.
Some New Geological Features from the Landsat Imagery of Karnataka
Authors: Srinivasan R. , Sreenivas B. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A preliminary interpretation of black and white LANDSAT IMAGERY of a major part of Karnataka state on 1:1 million scale has been attempted to interpret structure, landforms, mineral and groundwater occurrence, and engineering and environmental conditions. Ground truth of the interpretations needs to be investigated.
The Cretaceous Larger foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Pakistan
Authors: Kureshy A. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Cretaceous carbonate deposits of Pakistan are restricted to Late Cretaceous period. These deposits are characterized by the species of Orbitoides, Lepidorbitoides, Siderolites, and Sulcoperculina. The stratigraphic importance of these species is discussed. The Late Cretaceous carbonate deposits are divided into two larger foraminiferal zones, Orbitoides tissoti zone of Campanian and Orbitoides media zone of Early Maestrichtian.
Superposed Folding in Nepheline Syenites and Associated Metamorphites Around Kishangarh, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chaudhuri A. K. , Mukherjee D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Near Kishangarh in Rajasthan, Delhi conglomeratic quartzite and quartz mica schist overlie unconformably Aravalli metasediments. The foliation in the concordant nepheline syenites is parallel to the bedding plane foliation of the Aravallis. The Aravalli metasediments and the nepheline syenites show exactly similar development of superposed folds, with the axial surface of early isoclinal, inclined to reclined folds by nearly N-S striking upright folds. Evidence of such superposition is seen in all scales from hand specimens to maps. Spectacular outcrop patterns characteristic of superposed folds are developed. The effects of both the deformations can be seen only in the older Aravalli rocks and the nepheline syenites, while the younger Delhi rocks, in contrast, show only the later folds of the Aravalli rocks, which can be tied up with the first folding of the Delhi rocks.
Structural Geology and Stratigraphy of Bhimtal-Bhowali Area in Kumaon Himalaya - A Reinterpretation
Authors: Shah O. K. , Merh S. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
An early NW-SE trending anticlinal structure in quartzites is distorted by the super-imposition of late E-W flexures, perhaps generated during late Krol Thrust movement. The N-S to NNE-SSW flexures and N-S transverse faults comprise the last deformational event. The occurrence of any thrust at Ramgarh is ruled out as it is found that the so called 'porphyries' of Ramgarh extend Southward uninterruptedly up to Ranibaug, These porphyries are keratophyric and genetically related to the spilites of Bhimtal-Bhowali area. The supposed Nagthat quartzite-slate sequence above spilites is more likely to be equivalent to Blaini. This sequence together with spilite and keratophyric rocks comprises the lower portion of the Krol Group. The spilites represent the geo-synclinal volcanism in a shallow basin, which was followed by the deposition of Blaini, Infra-Krol and Krol.
Grain Size Characteristics of Ancient Fluvial Deposits - An Example from Lower Gondwana (Permian) Formations Pench Valley Coalfield, Central India
Authors: Qidwai Hayat A. , Casshyap Satyendra M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Probability plots of grain size analysis of Lower Gondwana Sandstones reveal three types of grain size distribution characterised by one, two and three inflection points between sediment populations. In the given sandstones, traction load occurs in minor (&lt; 1.0%) to small (~15%) proportion, but may be locally abundant (~71%). Saltation load generally forms the bulk of the sediment, and fine clastics as suspension load occurs in subordinate amount. Probability plots reveal overlapping particle size limits between traction and saltation loads and saltation and suspension loads. Analysis of inclination values of probability plots suggests that traction load is poor - to moderately sorted; saltation population on the average moderately - to well sorted in the case of Talchir and Barakar sandstones, but poor - to moderately sorted for sandstone of the Motur Formation. Relevant attributes of sediment size are genetically interpreted, in order to decipher differencesbetween the processes which operated during the deposition of Lower Gondwana sandstones in the Pench Valley basin.
Geology of a Part of Tons Valley, Garhwal Himalaya with Special Reference to Old Fold Trends
Authors: Ganesan T. M. , Thussu J. L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Deoban structural belt of the Tons Valley is lithostratigraphically divided into three Groups-the lower Dharagad Group, the middle Deoban Group and the upper Jaunsar and Simla Groups. The contact between the Dharagad and Deoban Groups is an angular unconformity, while the one between Deoban and Sirnlajfaunsar Groups varies from disconformity to paraconformity. The rocks of the Jaunsar Group are thrust over Deoban and Simla Groups along the south hading Tons thrust.
The Sherar syncline, a prominent, NE-SW trending doubly plunging syncline, affecting the Deoban and Simla Groups and truncated by the northwest trending main Himalayan folds is considered a remnant fold of an earlier orogeny.
Polymetamorphltes of Balaram-Abu Road Area North Gujarat and Southwest Rajasthan
Authors: Desai S. J. , Patel M. P. , Merh S. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The crystalline rocks of Balaram-Abu Road area comprise a varied assemblage of metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian age. Earlier workers have considered the rocks of the area to belong to the Alwar & Ajabgarh Series of Delhi System intruded by mafic rocks and granites. These rocks are petrologically more complex and ate much older-Aravallis or even earlier. The mineralogical assemblages of these rocks suggest metamorphism under pyroxene granulite facies, pointing to anhydrous or dry conditions.
These granulitic rocks are seen involved in Delhi deformation and later invaded by the Erinpura granite. A superimposition of contact metamorphism (due to Erinpura granite) on the granulites, has caused the development of hornfelsic rocks containing andalusite. The rocks of Balaram-Abu Road area thus comprise a polymetamorphic terrain.
The abundance of cordierite and its association with garnet and hypersthene in pelitic granulites, the occurrence of scapolite and diopside in calc-granulites, the coexistence of olivine and plagioclase in basic rocks, absence of garnet in charnockitic rocks and the development of horn felsic rocks with andalusite indicate that the rocks of the area belong to a low pressure granulite province of metamorphism.
Geochemistry of the Panjal Traps of Mount Kayol, Lidderwat, Pahalgam, Kashmir
Authors: Bhat Mohd Ismail , Zainuddin Syed M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chemical analysis of 62 rock samples representing 24 flows of the Panjal Traps on Mount Kayol in Lidder Valley area do not show any systematic variation of the various oxides from the base to the top. The plots on MgO-Al/Si diagram of Murata, and Fe2O3/FeO ratio indicate that the rocks are of tholeiitic lineage. However, the points fall within the fields of alkali-olivine basalt and high-alumina basalt on the alkali-silica diagram of Kuno. This is interpreted to be due to alkali metasomatism. The addition of alkali is probably responsible for the shift of the points to the alkali-olivine basalt field on the alkali-silica diagram.
The Solidification Index (MgO × 100/MgO+Fe2O3+FeO+Na2O+K2O) lies within the range of basalt and basaltic andesite of 'pigeonite rock series'.
Algal Stromatolites from Kaladgi Group Around Biligi, Bijapur District, Karnataka
Authors: Viswanathiah M. N. , Sreedhara Murthy T. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stromatolite bearing dolomites are exposed around Tolmatti and Hodlur near Biligi (Lat 16°21', Long 75°37'). Collenia sp.; branched Collenia, Collenia Columnaris, Collenia symmetrica and Oncolites have been identified in Tolmatti Formation of Kaladgi Group.
The specific characters like gross form of colonies, nature and size of laminae, disposition of laminations, differences in fabric of stromatolites and associated dolomites, physico-chemical conditions prevailing during the formation of stromatolites and the role of physiological and biochemical factors in the initiation and development of algal structures are discussed.
Basin Analysis and Petroleum Exploration with Some Examples from Indian Sedimentary Basins'
Authors: Raju A. T. R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The basin classification, study of the basin fill, and factors influencing localisation of hydrocarbons constitute the major analytical steps in evaluating the hydrocarbon potential of any sedimentary basin. Tectonic classification of Indian sedimentary basins is presented to illustrate major stages in their geological evolution.
Fabric and Sedimentology of the Upper Siwalik Boulder Conglomerate Exposed in the Neighbourhood of Pinjaur (Kumaon Himalayas)
Authors: Chaudhri R. S. , Gill G. S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The megaclast representing boulder, cobble and pebble sized fragments was derived from the Tertiary formations exposed immediately northeast of Pinjaur along the course of the Koshallia River. The detritus did not travel far from the source rocks and was transported by southwesterly flowing currents. The megaclast was deposited in shallow turbulent water where it could acquire well sorted to moderately sorted character.
Paleocurrent Pattern in Gondwana Coal Measures Brahmini Coalfield (Santhal Pargana), Bihar, and Possible Regional Implications
Authors: Khan Zahid A. , Casshyap Satyendra M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Among the lower Gondwana outcrops in the Brahmini coalfield, sandstone is widely developed; it is thin-bedded, brownish white, coarse to medium grained and occurs in lenticular and multi-lateral bodies for the most part. Associated rock types include thin beds of siltstone, carbonaceous shale and coal. The coal measures have been correlated with the Barakar Formation.
Analysis of directional data based on cross-bedding foresets reveals a unimodal, southeasterly distribution at most exposure and sector levels. Computed value of grand mean is 167 ± 53°. Ripple crests orient more or less normal to current direction, but fossil plants are obliquely to the inferred current direction.
Combined evidence from cross-bedding variability and overall lithology suggests that the inferred strearns possibly had a moderately high channel sinuosity in the northern sector but low sinuosity in the southern sector, in the down current direction.
Possible implications of the southerly transport in the Brahmini coalfield are discussed in relation to other Gondwana basins of Rajmahal and Eastern India.