bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Practice Processes
Authors: Roels Guillaume 
Published: September 2019

Despite their idiosyncrasies, motor and cognitive learning and endurance sports training have in common that they involve repeated practice. While considerable research has been devoted to the effect of practice on performance, little is known about optimal practice strategies. In this paper, we model the practice process for both skill acquisition and retention, and optimize its profile to maximize performance on a predefined date. For skill acquisition, we find that the optimal process involves multiple phases of practice increase and decrease, yielding U-shaped effort consistent with the principle of distributing practice, and that the transitions between phases are smoother for skills that are easily forgotten (e.g., cognitive skills) than for those that are easily retained (e.g., continuous motor skills). In particular for the latter, an extended period of rest should precede an ultimate high-intensity stress. For skill retention, the optimal practice strategy consists of cycles of either constant effort (for skills that are easily forgotten) or pulsed effort (for skills that are easily retained) consistent with the principle of alternating stress and rest. Our parametric model thus indicates when commonly used high-performance practice strategies are indeed optimal. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Older adults' self-advocacy in patient safety: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Novinmehr Nasser , Hasanpour Marzieh , Salsali Mahvash , Mehrdad Neda , Qorbani Mostafa , Shamsaei Farshid 
Published: September 2019

Background: patient advocacy is a major nursing role, which is linked to supporting, encouraging and reinforcing self-advocacy in patients. Patient safety is an important nursing outcome, especially in older adults. Aims: older adults' self-advocacy regarding patient safety behaviour and its relationship with some demographic characteristics were assessed. Methods: a valid older adult patients' self-advocacy questionnaire, which included subscales of behaviour, self-efficacy, attitude and outcome efficacy (range of scores=0–63), was used. In this cross-sectional study, 230 patients aged over 60 years were selected using a stratified sampling method. Findings: an association was found between total self-advocacy score (mean=40.16; SD=9.6) and rural living (β=–0.168; P=0.016) using multiple linear regression analysis. Similar findings were found between questionnaire subscales and sex, rural living, occupation and age. Conclusion: older adults, especially women, those of advanced age and those in rural areas, may benefit from nursing interventions to improve their self-advocacy in patient safety.
Traducción y validación de la escala de evaluación de experiencias gamificadas (GAMEX)
Authors: Parra-González María Elena , Segura-Robles Adrián 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCCIÓN. El uso de la gamificación en educación consiste en el uso de mecánicas, diseño o estructuras de juegos en las aulas. Hay que destacar la diferencia entre un juego, que es entendido como un producto acabado, algo concreto, y la gamificación, que parte de un contenido didáctico, definiéndola como una actividad que contiene elementos y espíritu de juego. Mediante esta metodología innovadora se premia y valora el esfuerzo, no sólo el logro, mediante insignias. A través de esta metodología, el juego se trata como elemento motivador en clase, y está considerada como una metodología activa ya que el alumno debe estar activo y ser el protagonista en el proceso de aprendizaje. MÉTODO. Este trabajo supone la traducción y validación de una escala GAMEX (Gameful Experience in Gamification) que mide la experiencia gamificada en inglés y alemán. La muestra está compuesta por 235 participantes relacionados con educación y experiencias gamificadas (52% docentes y 48% estudiantes). Se llevaron a cabo análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y análisis factorial de confirmatorio (AFC) para confirmar la estructura dimensional de la escala. RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran la complejidad de evaluar experiencias gamificadas desde una perspectiva única y válida, ya que entran en juego varias dimensiones. Hay instrumentos válidos que no tienen en cuenta todas las dimensiones, y este instrumento propuesto muestra niveles aceptables de ajuste que el modelo original. DISCUSIÓN. Se enfatiza la naturaleza multifadimensional de la experiencia gamificada y se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de crear un instrumento para evaluarla y poder mejorar las experiencias gamificadas futuras.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy With Lumen-Apposing Metal Stent for Management of Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: Desai Aditi , Manvar Amar , Ho Sammy 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
A 45-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, fever with chills, nonproductive cough, mild pleurisy, and anorexia. Computed tomography scan showed a heterogeneously enhancing mass in the left hepatic lobe with leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. Interval growth of the lesion was noted on magnetic resonance imaging obtained several days after admission. Given the clinical suspicion for pyogenic liver abscess and favorable location in the left hepatic lobe, endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage was pursued. The patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent. His symptoms gradually abated after procedure. Radiographic resolution of the abscess was noted 1 week after stent placement, and the stent was subsequently removed. He had no clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence at 1-month follow-up.
Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Patient With Simultaneous Diagnosis of Hepatic Sarcoidosis and Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia
Authors: Odah Tarek , Al-Khazraji Ahmed , Idriss Rajab , Morrow Matthew , Curry Michael P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare vascular disorder characterized by an obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) may develop as a result of an underlying autoimmune disease such as hepatic sarcoidosis. Only a few case reports have described cases with either NRH or hepatic sarcoidosis associated with BCS. We present a 42-year-old man presenting with BCS and signs of portal hypertension who was found to have an underlying pathological diagnosis of both hepatic sarcoidosis and NRH and who was successfully treated with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
Sigmoid Neovagina: A Case Presentation and Pathological Review of Intestinal Transfer
Authors: Long Amanda , Leroy Kyley , Wong Patricia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Intestinal vaginoplasty, first described in 1904, has more recently become a popular mechanism for gender-affirming surgery in the United States. We present the case of a transgender female patient with retained foreign bodies in her neovagina, which required endoscopic therapy, provide a brief review of the literature, and discuss the potential long-term complications that can arise from a neovagina after intestinal transfer. It is important that gastroenterologists have awareness and recognition of these issues, as surgical reconstruction using intestinal segments for transgender patients becomes more common.
Use of Tofacitinib for the Treatment of Arthritis Associated With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wang Wenfei , Cleveland Noa Krugliak , Ollech Jacob , Rubin David T. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Tofacitinib is a Janus kinase 1–3 inhibitor initially approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and now approved for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). We present the case of a patient with UC and seronegative inflammatory arthritis in whom arthritis progressed while on vedolizumab and was successfully treated with tofacitinib. This case provides insight into the use of tofacitinib for the treatment of UC and a concomitant extraintestinal manifestation of joint involvement.
Ekstraksi Zat Warna Dari Daun Jambu Biji Australia (Psidium Guajava L)
Authors: Haryadi Ichwan , Hidayati Nur 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak Daun jambu biji Australia (Psidium guajava l) yang berwarna merah kecoklatan memiliki potensi sebagai zat warna alami karena daun jambu biji Australia mengandung senyawa tanin yang berwarna kecoklatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh zat warna alami dari daun jambu biji Australia dan juga untuk mengkaji pengaruh jenis pelarut dan metode ekstraksi terhadap kualitas dan rendemen zat warna yang dihasilkan. Variasi jenis pelarut meliputi larutan alkohol, asam asetat, asam klorida, sodium hidroksida, dan air netral biasa. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah cara maserasi konvensional dan berbantuan gelombang ultrasonik. Larutan ekstrak daun jambu biji Australia diukur absorbansinya menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 525 nm. Nilai absorbansi larutan ekstrak tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh larutan dengan menggunakan larutan alkohol dan sodium hidroksida dengan metode maserasi berbantuan gelombang ultrasonik, yaitu sebesar 2,205 dan diatas 3. Sedangkan rendemen tertinggi dihasilkan dengan metode konvensional dan menggunakan pelarut alkohol sebanyak 5.1%. Kata kunci : daun jambu australia; maserasi; ultrasonifikasi; zat warna alami
Keeping Pace: A Practitioner-Focused Review of Pacing Strategies in Running
Authors: Pryor J. Luke , Johnson Evan C. , Yoder Hillary A. , Looney David P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The purposeful distribution of speed, power, or energy is termed as the pacing or pacing strategy and is recognized as a key determinant in optimal run performance. There is no agreement on the best pacing strategy for all runners and race types. Thus, the challenge posed to runners and practitioners is pacing strategy selection and in-race adherence. This review briefly discusses pacing strategy types and selection considerations. More importantly, we overview factors influencing pacing and translate key findings from research into useable evidence-based recommendations for pacing strategy preparation and adherence during competition.
Rapid Memory Reactivation at Movie Event Boundaries Promotes Episodic Encoding
Authors: Silva Marta , Baldassano Christopher , Fuentemilla Lluís 
Published: September 2019

Segmentation of continuous experience into discrete events is driven by rapid fluctuations in encoding stability at context shifts (i.e., event boundaries), yet the mechanisms underlying the online formation of event memories are poorly understood. We investigated the neural per-time point spatial similarity patterns of the scalp electrophysiological (EEG) activity of 30 human participants (male and female) watching a 50 min movie and found that event boundaries triggered the rapid reinstatement of the just-encoded movie event EEG patterns. We also found that the onset of memory reinstatement at boundary onset was accompanied by a left-lateralized anterior negative ERP effect, which likely reflects the detection of a shift in the narrative structure of the movie. A data-driven approach based on Hidden Markov modeling allowed us to detect event boundaries as shifts between stable patterns of brain EEG activity during encoding, and to identify their reactivation during a free recall task. These results provide the first neurophysiological underpinnings for how the memory systems segment a continuous long stream of experience into episodic events.SIGNIFICANCE OF STATEMENTMemory for specific episodic events are the building blocks of our autobiographical memory. However, it is still unclear how the memory systems structure the unfolding experience into discrete event units that can be understood and remembered at the long-term. Here, we show that the detection of context shifts, or event boundaries, during a 50 min movie viewing triggers the rapid memory reactivation of the just-encoded event to promote its successful encoding into long-term memory. By finding that memory reactivation, a neural mechanism critical for episodic memory formation and consolidation, takes place under these ecologically valid experimental circumstances, our results provide valuable insights into how the brain shapes the ongoing experience into episodic memories in the real-life.
Altered Dynamics of Canonical Feedback Inhibition Predicts Increased Burst Transmission in Chronic Epilepsy
Authors: Pothmann Leonie , Klos Christian , Braganza Oliver , Schmidt Sarah , Horno Oihane , Memmesheimer Raoul-Martin , Beck Heinz 
Published: September 2019

Inhibitory interneurons, organized into canonical feedforward and feedback motifs, play a key role in controlling normal and pathological neuronal activity. We demonstrate prominent quantitative changes in the dynamics of feedback inhibition in a rat model of chronic epilepsy (male Wistar rats). Systematic interneuron recordings revealed a large decrease in intrinsic excitability of basket cells and oriens-lacunosum moleculare interneurons in epileptic animals. Additionally, the temporal dynamics of interneuron recruitment by recurrent feedback excitation were strongly altered, resulting in a profound loss of initial feedback inhibition during synchronous CA1 pyramidal activity. Biophysically constrained models of the complete feedback circuit motifs of normal and epileptic animals revealed that, as a consequence of altered feedback inhibition, burst activity arising in CA3 is more strongly converted to a CA1 output. This suggests that altered dynamics of feedback inhibition promote the transmission of epileptiform bursts to hippocampal projection areas.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe quantitatively characterized changes of the CA1 feedback inhibitory circuit in a model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. This study shows, for the first time, that dynamic recruitment of inhibition in feedback circuits is altered and establishes the cellular mechanisms for this change. Computational modeling revealed that the observed changes are likely to systematically alter CA1 input-output properties leading to (1) increased seizure propagation through CA1 and (2) altered computation of synchronous CA3 input.
Gluco-metabolic effects of oral and intravenous alcohol administration in men
Authors: Lanng Amalie R , Gasbjerg Lærke S , Bergmann Natasha C , Bergmann Sigrid , Helsted Mads M , Gillum Matthew P , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K 
Published: September 2019

Background
Ingestion of the calorically dense compound alcohol may cause metabolic disturbances including hypoglycaemia, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. The gastrointestinal tract is well recognised as a major influencer on glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, but its role in alcohol metabolism remains unclear.

Objective
To examine the effects of oral and intravenous alcohol, respectively, on plasma concentrations of several gluco-regulatory hormones including serum/plasma insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21).

Design and methods
In a double-blinded, randomised, crossover design, we subjected 12 healthy men to intragastric ethanol infusion (IGEI) and an isoethanolaemic intravenous ethanol infusion (IVEI) (0.7 g alcohol per kg body weight), respectively, on two separate experimental days.

Results
Isoethanolaemia during the two alcohol administration forms was obtained (P = 0.38). During both interventions, plasma glucose peaked after ~30 min and thereafter fell below baseline concentrations. GIP and GLP-1 concentrations were unaffected by the two interventions. Insulin concentrations were unaffected by IGEI but decreased during IVEI. C-peptide, insulin secretion rate and glucagon concentrations were lowered similarly during IGEI and IVEI. FGF21 concentrations increased dramatically (nine-fold) and similarly during IGEI and IVEI.

Conclusions
Alcohol does not seem to affect the secretion of incretin hormones but decreased insulin and glucagon secretion independently of gut-derived factors. IGEI as well as IVEI potently stimulate FGF21 secretion indicating a gut-independent effect of alcohol on FGF21 secretion in humans.
Increased risk of thyroid disease in Danish women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cohort study
Authors: Glintborg Dorte , Rubin Katrine Hass , Nybo Mads , Abrahamsen Bo , Andersen Marianne 
Published: September 2019

Aim
To investigate risk of thyroid disease in Danish women with PCOS.

Design
National register-based study on women with PCOS in Denmark. 18,476 women had a diagnosis of PCOS in the Danish National Patient Register. PCOS Odense University Hospital (PCOS OUH, n = 1146) was an embedded cohort of women with PCOS and clinical and biochemical examination. Three age-matched controls were included for each woman with PCOS (n = 54,757). The main outcome measures were thyroid disease (hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease, goiter, thyroiditis) according to hospital diagnosis codes and/or inferred from filled medicine prescriptions. Associations between baseline TSH and development of cardio-metabolic disease was examined in PCOS OUH.

Results
The median (quartiles) age at inclusion was 29 (23–35) years and follow-up duration was 11.1 (6.9–16.0) years. The hazard ratio (95% CI) for thyroid disease development was 2.5 (2.3–2.7) (P < 0.001). The event rate of thyroid disease was 6.0 per 1000 patient-years in PCOS Denmark versus 2.4 per 1000 patient-years in controls (P < 0.001). Women in PCOS OUH with TSH ≥2.5 mIU/L (n = 133) had higher BMI (median 29 vs 27 kg/m2), wider waist, higher triglycerides and free testosterone by the time of PCOS diagnosis compared to women in PCOS OUH with TSH <2.5 mIU/L (n = 588). Baseline TSH did not predict later development of cardio-metabolic diseases in PCOS OUH.

Conclusions
The event rate of thyroid disease was significantly and substantially higher in women with PCOS compared to controls.
Building Causal Graphs from Medical Literature and Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Nordon Galia , Koren Gideon , Shalev Varda , Kimelfeld Benny , Shalit Uri , Radinsky Kira 
Published: September 2019

Large repositories of medical data, such as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data, are recognized as promising sources for knowledge discovery. Effective analysis of such repositories often necessitate a thorough understanding of dependencies in the data. For example, if the patient age is ignored, then one might wrongly conclude a causal relationship between cataract and hypertension. Such confounding variables are often identified by causal graphs, where variables are connected by causal relationships. Current approaches to automatically building such graphs are based on text analysis over medical literature; yet, the result is typically a large graph of low precision. There are statistical methods for constructing causal graphs from observational data, but they are less suitable for dealing with a large number of covariates, which is the case in EMR data. Consequently, confounding variables are often identified by medical domain experts via a manual, expensive, and time-consuming process.
We present a novel approach for automatically constructing causal graphs between medical conditions. The first part is a novel graph-based method to better capture causal relationships implied by medical literature, especially in the presence of multiple causal factors. Yet even after using these advanced text-analysis methods, the text data still contains many weak or uncertain causal connections. Therefore, we construct a second graph for these terms based on an EMR repository of over 1.5M patients. We combine the two graphs, leaving only edges that have both medical-text-based and observational evidence. We examine several strategies to carry out our approach, and compare the precision of the resulting graphs using medical experts. Our results show a significant improvement in the precision of any of our methods compared to the state of the art.
BIRD: Engineering an Efficient CNF-XOR SAT Solver and Its Applications to Approximate Model Counting
Authors: Soos Mate , Meel Kuldeep S. 
Published: September 2019

Given a Boolean formula φ, the problem of model counting, also referred to as #SAT is to compute the number of solutions of φ. Model counting is a fundamental problem in artificial intelligence with a wide range of applications including probabilistic reasoning, decision making under uncertainty, quantified information flow, and the like. Motivated by the success of SAT solvers, there has been surge of interest in the design of hashing-based techniques for approximate model counting for the past decade. We profiled the state of the art approximate model counter ApproxMC2 and observed that over 99.99% of time is consumed by the underlying SAT solver, CryptoMiniSat. This observation motivated us to ask: Can we design an efficient underlying CNF-XOR SAT solver that can take advantage of the structure of hashing-based algorithms and would this lead to an efficient approximate model counter?
The primary contribution of this paper is an affirmative answer to the above question. We present a novel architecture, called BIRD, to handle CNF-XOR formulas arising from hashingbased techniques. The resulting hashing-based approximate model counter, called ApproxMC3, employs the BIRD framework in its underlying SAT solver, CryptoMiniSat. To the best of our knowledge, we conducted the most comprehensive study of evaluation performance of counting algorithms involving 1896 benchmarks with computational effort totaling 86400 computational hours. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates significant runtime performance improvement for ApproxMC3 over ApproxMC2. In particular, we solve 648 benchmarks more than ApproxMC2, the state of the art approximate model counter and for all the formulas where both ApproxMC2 and ApproxMC3 did not timeout and took more than 1 seconds, the mean speedup is 284.40 – more than two orders of magnitude.
Erratum: This research is supported in part by the National Research Foundation Singapore under its AI Singapore Programme (Award Number: [AISG-RP-2018-005])
Construcción del concepto de economía solidaria: una mirada a la teoría económica comprensiva
Authors: Vélez - Tamayo Julián Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

El artículo propone un viraje a la teoría económica tradicional a partir de los aportes de la teoría económica comprensiva de Luis Razeto Migliario (1994). Para ello, además de mostrar aspectos importantes de la teoría propuesta, se exponen los resultados de una aproximación desde la vivencia de la asociatividad de algunas organizaciones de carácter agropecuario en tres municipios del oriente de Antioquia, los cuales, lejos de concentrarse en el crecimiento del factor capital, se fortalecen en el crecimiento del factor comunidad mediante la potenciación de los demás factores (trabajo, medios financieros, medios materiales, tecnología y gestión). Estos se desenvuelven en el contexto de la economía campesina, concepto que se aborda desde la aproximación de Forero (2003), y se resalta el carácter familiar campesino de las organizaciones. Se evidencia que las características de las asociaciones estudiadas, aunque no tienen desarrollado unos fuertes factores financieros y materiales, están cohesionadas por valores que fortalecen el factor comunidad.