bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cosmological reconstruction of the Higgs vacuum expectation value
Authors: Chakrabarti Soumya , Anagha V. , Ganesh Selva , Menon Vivek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present a simple toy model of cosmic acceleration driven purely by a self-interacting scalar field embedded in theory of grand unification. The scalar self-interaction is Higgs-like and provokes a spontaneous symmetry breaking. The coefficient of the quadratic term in the self-interaction potential has an evolution and it leads to a cosmic variation of proton-to-electron mass ratio,

$$\mu $$

μ

. We perform a cosmological reconstruction from the kinematic parameter jerk and discuss a few cosmological consequences of the theory. We also compare the theoretically calculated

$$\mu $$

μ

variation with the observations of molecular absorption spectra from Cesium Atomic Clock data.
Maximal steered coherence in accelerating Unruh–DeWitt detectors
Authors: Li Hong-Wei , Fan Yi-Hao , Shen Shu-Ting , Yan Xiao-Jing , Li Xi-Yun , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu-Bo , Zhou Lan , Du Ming-Ming 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum coherence, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, plays a crucial role in various quantum information tasks. However, preserving coherence under extreme conditions, such as relativistic acceleration, poses significant challenges. In this paper, we investigate the influence of Unruh temperature and energy levels on the evolution of maximal steered coherence (MSC) for different initial states. Our results reveal that MSC is strongly dependent on Unruh temperature, exhibiting behaviors ranging from monotonic decline to non-monotonic recovery, depending on the initial state parameter

$$\Delta _0$$

Δ
0

. Notably, when

$$\Delta _0=1$$

Δ
0

=
1

, MSC is generated as Unruh temperature increases. Additionally, we observe that higher energy levels help preserve or enhance MSC in the presence of Unruh effects. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between relativistic effects and quantum coherence, with potential applications in developing robust quantum technologies for non-inertial environments.
Evidence from Cr-spinel chemistry for magma contamination by country rocks during formation of the northern lobe of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Chaumba Jeff B. , Dyan Siyasanga , Prevec Stephen A. , Musa Caston 
Published: December 2024

Although Cr-spinels from the Bushveld Complex of South Africa have been studied for several decades, those from the northern lobe have not received as much attention as Cr-spinels from other lobes of the intrusion. Disseminated Cr-spinels from the Flatreef of the northern lobe have chromium numbers [Cr# = 100 × Cr/(Cr + Al)] that vary widely, from low values of around −32 hosted in altered olivines to high values of ∼55–82 hosted in orthopyroxenes and plagioclase. Few Cr-spinel crystals have almost identical Cr# from rim to core. Almost all Cr-spinels, irrespective of their host silicate types, display slight decreases in Cr# from the core to the rim. These Cr-spinels, however, are characterized by highly variable magnesium numbers [Mg# = 100 × Mg/(Mg
2
+ Fe
2+
)], ranging from 37–51 for Cr-spinels in olivines to 1–13 for Cr-spinels in pyroxenes and olivines. The chemistry of the Flatreef Cr-spinels in this study suggests the involvement of crustal contamination and re-equilibration. Plots of oxides such as aluminium, magnesium and titanium are consistent with contamination of the Platreef by floor rocks to the intrusion such as dolomites and argillaceous shales. The low Cr# (<∼20) and enriched Al
2
O
3
(>32 wt%) Cr-spinel chemistry signatures reported in this work appear not to have been previously documented in the Bushveld Complex.
Tumor-Associated Microglia Secrete Extracellular ATP to Support Glioblastoma Progression
Authors: Wu Caren Yu-Ju , Chen Yiyun , Lin Ya-Jui , Wei Kuo-Chen , Chang Kwang-Yu , Feng Li-Ying , Chen Ko-Ting , Li Gordon , Ren Alexander Liang , Nitta Ryan Takeo , Wu Janet Yuling , Cho Kwang Bog , Pant Ayush , Choi John , Mackall Crystal L. , Kim Lily H. , Wu An-Chih , Chuang Jian-Ying , Huang Chiung-Yin , Jackson Christopher M. , Chen Pin-Yuan , Lim Michael 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis and high recurrence rates. The complex immune microenvironment of GBM is highly infiltrated by tumor-associated microglia and macrophages (TAM). TAMs are known to be heterogeneous in their functional and metabolic states and can transmit either protumoral or antitumoral signals to glioma cells. Here, we performed bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing on samples from patients with GBM, which revealed increased ATP synthase expression and oxidative phosphorylation activity in TAMs located in the tumor core relative to the tumor periphery. Both in vitro and in vivo models displayed similar trends of augmented TAM mitochondrial activity, along with elevated mitochondrial fission, glucose uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential, and extracellular ATP (eATP) production by TAMs in the presence of GBM cells. Tumor-secreted factors, including GM-CSF, induced the increase in TAM eATP production. Elevated eATP in the GBM microenvironment promoted glioma growth and invasion by activating the P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R) on glioma cells. Inhibition of the eATP–P2X7R axis attenuated tumor cell viability in vitro and reduced tumor size and prolonged survival in glioma-bearing mouse models. Overall, this study revealed elevated TAM-derived eATP in GBM and provided the basis for targeting the eATP–P2X7R signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy in GBM.
Significance: Glioblastoma-mediated metabolic reprogramming in tumor-associated microglia increases ATP secretion that supports cancer cell proliferation and invasion by activating P2X7R, which can be inhibited to attenuate tumor growth.
The Burden of Gastric Cancer in Northern Central America
Authors: Riquelme Arnoldo , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGastric cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with nearly one million new cases diagnosed in 2020. There is marked variation in gastric cancer incidence globally, with highest incidence rates reported in the United Nations regions of Eastern Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America. Although the United States is considered a low-incidence country, gastric cancer presents an important cancer disparity, with higher incidence in minoritized populations, including immigrants from high-incidence regions. The Northern Central America nations are low- and middle-income countries with a high gastric cancer incidence and large US immigrant populations. These countries lack comprehensive cancer registries, but recent GLOBOCAN-imputed gastric cancer estimates are in the range of 8 to 12/100,000 age-standardized incidence rates. Three epidemiologic studies carried out in El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Honduras demonstrate a higher than predicted burden of gastric cancer with low 5-year survival (&lt;10%). The gastric cancer burden is projected to increase in the absence of changes to national and regional cancer control plans. Twelve evidence-based recommendations to reduce gastric cancer mortality in the Americas have recently been proposed, ranging from the “test-and-treat” Helicobacter pylori eradication strategy to endoscopic screening and surveillance programs. Translating these recommendations into a practical plan for this resource-limited setting could address the disproportionate gastric cancer burden.See related article by Peña-Galo et al., p. 1564See related article by Ruiz de Campos et al., p. 1571See related article by Dominguez et al., p. 1578
The Paradox of Poor Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake for Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sharif Adnan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients have an increased risk for developing and dying from cervical cancer compared with the general population due to their immunosuppressed state. As one of the cancers most amenable to an effective screening program, encouraging eligible women after transplantation to adhere to screening is critically important. Therefore, the observation that kidney transplant recipients may have a lower uptake of cervical cancer screening compared with the general population is concerning. The reasons for this should be studied so that any barriers can be identified and overcome. Kidney transplant recipients and recipients of other solid organ allografts must be encouraged and supported to adhere to recommended screening programs to mitigate the morbidity and mortality of posttransplantation cancer.
See related article by Hsu et al., p. 1678
The Undetermined Significance of Screening for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Qunaj Lindor , Lentzsch Suzanne , Neugut Alfred I. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe identification of premalignant lesions in solid tumors such as colorectal and cervical cancer has led to the development of highly effective population-wide screening programs for these malignancies. Although precursor clinical states are not well-established for most hematologic malignancies, multiple myeloma is a notable exception. Virtually all patients with multiple myeloma first develop monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), an asymptomatic but easily detectable condition. However, broad screening for MGUS has not been adopted primarily because there is no proven intervention to delay or prevent the progression of MGUS to multiple myeloma. Furthermore, the incidence of MGUS is poorly understood; a better understanding of its epidemiology will be critical in designing appropriate screening guidelines once an effective treatment has been developed. In the current issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, Ji and colleagues provide important epidemiologic insights on MGUS, including a critical discussion on how its incidence and preclinical duration vary by age and race, acknowledging that both MGUS and multiple myeloma are more common in Black than White populations.See related article by Ji et al., p. 1690
Inauspicious Beginnings: Cancer and Financial Hardship among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Bradley Cathy J. , Shih Ya-Chen Tina , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the release of the American Association of Cancer Research Cancer Progress Report 2024, we address two aspects of cancer and its treatment in younger age groups addressed in the progress report: first, the chronicity of financial hardship and second, inequities that burden the totality of society and hinder progress of scientific advances in cancer control and treatment. Financial hardship for younger age groups diagnosed with cancer causes lasting financial damage to both the patients and their families. Advancements in new technologies and treatments that improve survival may not be as effective if they are unaffordable or will cause lasting financial distress. As the incidence of early-onset cancer increases, the burden of cancer and its economic toll are expected to increase. Research to study economic and social aspects of cancer to inform the development of effective and sustainable policy solutions is necessary.
Noninvasive Multicancer Detection Using DNA Hypomethylation of LINE-1 Retrotransposons
Authors: Michel Marc , Heidary Maryam , Mechri Anissa , Da Silva Kévin , Gorse Marine , Dixon Victoria , von Grafenstein Klaus , Bianchi Charline , Hego Caroline , Rampanou Aurore , Lamy Constance , Kamal Maud , Le Tourneau Christophe , Séné Mathieu , Bièche Ivan , Reyes Cécile , Gentien David , Stern Marc-Henri , Lantz Olivier , Cabel Luc , Pierga Jean-Yves , Bidard François-Clément , Azencott Chloé-Agathe , Proudhon Charlotte 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
The detection of ctDNA, which allows noninvasive tumor molecular profiling and disease follow-up, promises optimal and individualized management of patients with cancer. However, detecting small fractions of tumor DNA released when the tumor burden is reduced remains a challenge.

Experimental Design:
We implemented a new, highly sensitive strategy to detect bp resolution methylation patterns from plasma DNA and assessed the potential of hypomethylation of long interspersed nuclear element-1 retrotransposons as a noninvasive multicancer detection biomarker. The Detection of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element Altered Methylation ON plasma DNA method targets 30 to 40,000 young long interspersed nuclear element-1 retrotransposons scattered throughout the genome, covering about 100,000 CpG sites and is based on a reference-free analysis pipeline.

Results:
Resulting machine learning–based classifiers showed powerful correct classification rates discriminating healthy and tumor plasmas from six types of cancers (colorectal, breast, lung, ovarian, and gastric cancers and uveal melanoma, including localized stages) in two independent cohorts (AUC = 88%–100%, N = 747). The Detection of Long Interspersed Nuclear Element Altered Methylation ON plasma DNA method can also be used to perform copy number alteration analysis that improves cancer detection.

Conclusions:
This should lead to the development of more efficient noninvasive diagnostic tests adapted to all patients with cancer, based on the universality of these factors.
A Novel Sensitivity Maximization at a Given Specificity Method for Binary Classifications
Authors: Ghasemi Seyyed Mahmood , Gu Chunhui , Fahrmann Johannes F. , Hanash Samir , Do Kim-Anh , Long James P. , Irajizad Ehsan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In the cancer early detection field, logistic regression (LR) is a frequently used approach to establish a combination rule that differentiates cancer from noncancer. However, the application of LR relies on a maximum likelihood approach, which may not yield optimal combination rules for maximizing sensitivity at a clinically desirable specificity and vice versa. In this article, we have developed an improved regression framework, sensitivity maximization at a given specificity (SMAGS), for binary classification that finds the linear decision rule, yielding the maximum sensitivity for a given specificity or the maximum specificity for a given sensitivity. We additionally expand the framework for feature selection that satisfies sensitivity and specificity maximizations. We compare our SMAGS method with normal LR using two synthetic datasets and reported data for colorectal cancer from the 2018 CancerSEEK study. In the colorectal cancer CancerSEEK dataset, we report 14% improvement in sensitivity at 98.5% specificity (0.31 vs. 0.57; P value &lt;0.05). The SMAGS method provides an alternative to LR for modeling combination rules for biomarkers and early detection applications.
Prevention Relevance: This study introduces a new machine learning methodology that identifies the optimal features and combination rules to maximize sensitivity at a fixed specificity, making it applicable to many existing biomarker prevention studies.
A cena final de García Márquez e outras histórias de amor
Authors: Cury Lucilene 
Published: December 2024

O livro “Em Agosto Nos Vemos” conta a história de uma mulher - Ana Magdalena Bach, 46 anos, 27 anos de casada - que todos os anos, no dia 16 de agosto, viaja a uma ilha do Caribe para visitar o túmulo da sua mãe, num cemitério de pobres. Durante essas encontra sempre, casualmente, um homem com quem se relaciona e essas diferentes aventuras íntimas, paulatinamente, a transformam em outra mulher, pelos questionamentos que passa a fazer sobre a vida em família e sobre o casamento, principalmente. Sua condição feminina passa por uma introspecção, seja ao evidenciar a moral vigente ou, ao suspeitar das traições do marido sedutor. Quando faz a última visita à ilha, para exumar os restos da mãe, consegue compreender seu passado e, através dele, compreende o seu próprio, ao mesmo tempo, em que se despede dos encontros fortuitos na ilha, com a certeza de que não é mais a mesma mulher.
Learning in Associative Networks Through Pavlovian Dynamics
Authors: Lotito Daniele , Aquaro Miriam , Marullo Chiara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hebbian learning theory is rooted in Pavlov’s classical conditioning While mathematical models of the former have been proposed and studied in the past decades, especially in spin glass theory, only recently has it been numerically shown that it is possible to write neural and synaptic dynamics that mirror Pavlov conditioning mechanisms and also give rise to synaptic weights that correspond to the Hebbian learning rule. In this article we show that the same dynamics can be derived with equilibrium statistical mechanics tools and basic and motivated modeling assumptions. Then we show how to study the resulting system of coupled stochastic differential equations assuming the reasonable separation of neural and synaptic timescale. In particular, we analytically demonstrate that this synaptic evolution converges to the Hebbian learning rule in various settings and compute the variance of the stochastic process. Finally, drawing from evidence on pure memory reinforcement during sleep stages, we show how the proposed model can simulate neural networks that undergo sleep-associated memory consolidation processes, thereby proving the compatibility of Pavlovian learning with dreaming mechanisms.
Combined topological and spatial constraints are required to capture the structure of neural connectomes
Authors: Salova Anastasiya , Kovács István A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Volumetric brain reconstructions provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain insights into the complex connectivity patterns of neurons in an increasing number of organisms. Here, we model and quantify the complexity of the resulting neural connectomes in the fruit fly, mouse, and human and unveil a simple set of shared organizing principles across these organisms. To put the connectomes in a physical context, we also construct contactomes, the network of neurons in physical contact in each organism. With these, we establish that physical constraints—either given by pairwise distances or the contactome—play a crucial role in shaping the network structure. For example, neuron positions are highly optimal in terms of distance from their neighbors. Yet, spatial constraints alone cannot capture the network topology, including the broad degree distribution. Conversely, the degree sequence alone is insufficient to recover the spatial structure. We resolve this apparent mismatch by formulating scalable maximum entropy models, incorporating both types of constraints. The resulting generative models have predictive power beyond the input data, as they capture several additional biological and network characteristics, like synaptic weights and graphlet statistics.
Diagnostic Investigation of Two EDMF Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes Used in the GFS Model
Authors: Bao J.-W. , Grell E. D. , Michelson S. A. , Hong Song-You 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The behavior of two eddy-diffusivity mass-flux (EDMF) planetary boundary layer schemes used in versions 15 and 16 of NOAA’s operational Global Forecast System (GFS) is examined in terms of local and nonlocal mixing processes in a one-dimensional (1D) model configuration. Diagnosis using process perturbation sensitivity experiments indicates that the nonlocal mixing represented by the mass-flux term is much more dominant in one scheme than the other. Quantitative aspects of the local eddy diffusivity are different between the two schemes, pointing to uncertainty in the physical partition of local and nonlocal mixing in the EDMF formulation. One of the two schemes is also shown to produce unphysical thermal and tracer tendencies due to the scheme’s specific numerical treatment of moist nonlocal mixing. To resolve this problem, a physically and numerically consistent approach is proposed to calculate these tendencies.
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in the Use of Robotic-Assisted Proctectomy in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany , Garoufalia Zoe , Gefen Rachel , Dasilva Giovanna , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: December 2024

Background Rectal cancer surgery is technically demanding, especially in males. Robotic assistance may help overcome these challenges. This study aimed to identify factors associated with robotic-assisted proctectomy in rectal cancer. Methods Retrospective case-control analysis of patients with clinical stage I-III rectal adenocarcinoma who underwent proctectomy from the National Cancer Database (2010-2019) was conducted. Univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predictive factors of robotic-assisted proctectomy in rectal cancer. Results 67 145 patients (60.9% male; mean age: 61.15 ± 12.49 years) were included. 44.7% had stage III disease and 66.2% received neoadjuvant radiation. The surgical approach was laparotomy (n = 29 725), laparoscopy (n = 21 657), and robotic-assisted proctectomy (n = 15 763). Independent predictors for the use of robotic-assisted proctectomy were age <50 years (OR: 1.06; P = .032), male sex (OR: 1.07, P < .001), Asian race (OR: 1.25; P < .001), private insurance (OR: 1.25; P < .001), rectal cancer treatment between 2015 and 2019 (OR: 3.52; P < .001), stage III disease (OR: 1.06; P = .048), neoadjuvant radiation (OR: 1.26; P < .001), and pull-through coloanal anastomosis (OR: 1.15; P < .001). Robotic-assisted surgery was less often used in Black (OR: .857, P < .001) and American Indian patients (OR: .62, P = .002) and those with a Charlson score = 3 (OR: .818, P = .002), living in rural areas (OR: .865, P = .033), who were uninsured (OR: .611, P < .001), and undergoing pelvic exenteration (OR: .461, P < .001). Conclusions Demographic and insurance disparities of robotic-assisted proctectomy are Black and American Indian patients and those with higher Charlson comorbidity index scores and uninsured patients were less likely to undergo robotic-assisted proctectomy. While patients with advanced disease and/or received neoadjuvant radiation were more likely to undergo robotic-assisted proctectomy, robotic-assisted surgery was less often performed in pelvic exenteration.
Design for Dissemination: Leaders Suggest Local Strategies for Implementing a Health Communications Campaign
Authors: Salvia Meg G. , Roberts Jane , Tan Andy S. L. , Hanby Elaine , Gordon Bob , Machado Ana , Scout  , Applegate Julia , Ramanadhan Shoba 
Published: December 2024

Purpose Using evidence-based health communication campaigns (EBHCC) is critical for addressing disparities in tobacco-related health outcomes among LGBTQ+ populations; therefore, this study aimed to examine processes and supports for community-based organizations (CBOs) to integrate evidence-based solutions into practice using a design-for-dissemination framework. Approach Qualitative interviews were conducted. Setting CBOs serving LGBTQ+ populations. Participants 22 staff from U.S.-based CBOs participated in video interviews. Method We used reflexive thematic analysis to generate themes. Results 3 key themes included: (1) leaders perceived storytelling as a desirable and effective way to operationalize hyperlocal adaptation of content, particularly when in-group stories came from the community and included video content (which was perceived to maximize reach); (2) researcher participation in content production/delivery was seen as a compelling implementation strategy; and (3) these requested components were seen as adding value rather than as substitutions for text- and image-based EBHCC content. Adaptations envisioned by participants are associated with increased demand for limited resources (ie, requiring more time or financial resources), on the part of CBOs, the research team, or both. Researcher strategies were identified to support meeting CBOs’ needs given these contextual constraints. Conclusion This research explores supports and processes requested by CBOs serving LGBTQ+ populations as part of the adaptations envisioned in implementing EBHCCs and highlights possible avenues to better meet CBOs’ needs in effectively utilizing interventions.