bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A
Very Low-Cost, Labor-Efficient, and Simple Method to Block Scattered Ultraviolet Light in PDMS
Microfluidic Devices by Inserting Aluminum Foil
Strips
Authors: Wang Shuo , Shankles Peter , Retterer Scott , Kang Yong Tae , Choi Chang Kyoung 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Opto-microfluidic methods have advantages for manufacturing complex shapes or structures of micro particles/hydrogels. Most of these microfluidic devices are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by soft lithography because of its flexibility of designing and manufacturing. However, PDMS scatters ultraviolet (UV) light, which polymerizes the photocrosslinkable materials at undesirable locations and clogs the microfluidic devices. A fluorescent dye has previously been employed to absorb the scattered UV light and shift its wavelength to effectively solve this issue. However, this method is limited due to the cost of the materials (tens of dollars per microchip), the time consumed on synthesizing the fluorescent material and verifying its quality (two to three days). More importantly, significant expertise on material synthesis and characterization is required for users of the opto-microfluidic technique. The cost of preliminary testing on multiple iterations of different microfluidic chip designs would also be excessive. Alternatively, with a delicate microchannel design, we simply inserted aluminum foil strips (AFS) inside the PDMS device to block the scattered UV light. By using this method, the UV light was limited to the exposure region so that the opto-microfluidic device could consistently generate microgels longer than 6 h. This is a nearly cost- and labor-free method to solve this issue.
Comparison of Pharmacist-Directed Management of Multiplex PCR Blood Culture Results with Conventional Microbiology Methods on Effective and Optimal Therapy within a Community Hospital
Authors: Porter Allison M. , Bland Christopher M. , Young Henry N. , Allen David R. , Croft Sabrina R. , Gayheart R. Ellen , Miller Parks W. , Musgrove Rachel J. , Robertson Emilee M. , Gibson Geneen M. 
Published: October 2018

Multiplex PCR combined with a pharmacist-driven reporting protocol was compared to the standard of care within a community hospital to evaluate initial changes after notification of a positive blood culture. The intervention group demonstrated decreased times to changes in antimicrobial therapy (
P
= 0.0081), increased changes to optimal antimicrobial therapy (
P
= 0.013), and decreased vancomycin use for coagulase-negative staphylococcus contaminants (
P
< 0.01) with multiplex PCR implementation and pharmacist intervention.
Return to elite-level sport after clavicle fractures
Authors: Hebert-Davies Jonah , Agel Julie 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo determine if return to sport following clavicle fracture occurs earlier in high-level sports than the current standard of care allows for.DesignObservational study retrospective review of NHL prospective data.SettingThe study was performed at a university orthopaedic surgery department.PatientsNHL player with clavicle fracture.Assessment of independent variablesThe independent variable including time on injured reserve and type of treatment.Main outcome measuresThe primary study outcome measure was successful return to NHL play.Results15 athletes were identified; 10 were treated operatively and 5 non-operatively. The average return to ice hockey was 10 weeks. If the one outlier is removed, the average is 9.1 weeks. There was one re-fracture in the non-operative group. The average time from injury to return to sport was 65 days in the operative group and 97.6 days in the non-operative group. Two patients were unable to return play during the same season.ConclusionsHigh-end athletes safely return to at-risk sports after clavicle fracture much sooner than the average seen with non-elite athletes. Additional study may demonstrate that return to activity can likely be accelerated without significantly increasing complications.
Continuous versus intermittent moderate energy restriction for increased fat mass loss and fat free mass retention in adult athletes: protocol for a randomised controlled trial—the ICECAP trial (Intermittent versus Continuous Energy restriction Compared in an Athlete Population)
Authors: Peos Jackson J , Helms Eric R , Fournier Paul A , Sainsbury Amanda 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionReducing fat mass (FM) while retaining fat free mass (FFM) is a common goal of athletes. Evidence suggests that some—but not all—forms of intermittent energy restriction (IER) may be superior to the conventional method of continuous energy restriction (CER) for people with excess body fat that are sedentary, by reducing some of the adaptive responses to ER. However, it is yet to be established whether this dietary approach is effective for athletes.Methods and analysisA single-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio is proposed. Sixty healthy athletes aged ≥18 years will be recruited from local sporting facilities and randomised to an intervention of either moderate CER (mCER) or moderate IER (mIER). Both interventions will consist of 12 weeks of moderate ER, plus 3 weeks in energy balance (EB). The mCER intervention will entail 12 weeks of continuous moderate ER, followed by 3 weeks in EB. The mIER intervention will entail 12 weeks of moderate ER, administered as 4×3 week blocks of moderate ER, interspersed with 3×1 week blocks of EB. The co-primary outcomes are changes in FM and FFM after 12 weeks of moderate ER. Secondary outcomes will be changes in FM and FFM at 15 weeks after intervention commencement, as well as muscle performance, physical activity, sleep quality, changes in resting energy expenditure, subjective drive to eat, circulating concentrations of appetite-regulating hormones, mood states and diet acceptability.Trial registrationACTRN12618000638235p.
Push scooter-related injuries in adults: an underestimated threat? Two decades analysed by an emergency department in the capital of Switzerland
Authors: Mebert Rhea Viola , Klukowska-Roetzler Jolanta , Ziegenhorn Stephan , Exadaktylos Aristomenis Konstantinos 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe number of people conducting cycling and skating sports in Switzerland is rising; likewise, we notice an increase in patients visiting our emergency department for adults due to push scooter accidents. In 2001, our emergency department published the first article worldwide on push scooter-related injuries. Nearly two decades later, we want to review the interim period—collect data, compare it with other studies and evaluate the current impact of push scooter accidents in our adult patient population.ObjectiveTo investigate data on the incidence, severity, treatment and approximate costs of push scooter-related injuries in adults who presented to our emergency department from 2000 to 2017.Materials and methodsFor this descriptive retrospective study, data were collected in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Inselspital (University Hospital), Berne, Switzerland, from October 2000 to September 2017. We used two clinical reporting systems during that period: Qualicare from 2000 to April 2012 and Ecare from May 2012 to 2017.Results165 patients were included, aged 16–80 years. The accidents were mainly classified as unspecified falls in 139 cases (84.24%). 21 patients (12.73%) were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, while the remaining 144 (87.27%) were not. The most common injuries suffered were fractures in 73 patients (44.24%). 92 patients (55.76%) sustained an impact to the head. The most common treatment was surgery in the operating theatre (59 patients, 35.76%). The mean total cost per case was SFr7566.65 (emergency room visit, hospital stay and outpatient controls for the initial case).ConclusionThe incidence of push scooter-related injuries in adults in our patient population is small but rising. Nevertheless, the resulting injuries are potentially life-threatening and can lead to persistent medical impairment.
Use of head camera-cued recall and debrief to externalise expertise: a systematic review of literature from multiple fields of practice
Authors: Blackhall Vivienne Isabella , Walker Kenneth Grant , Whiteley Iya , Wilson Philip 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe study of decision making in complex naturalistic environments poses several challenges. In response to these, video-stimulated cued-recall-debrief was developed. It involves an individual wearing a head-mounted camera which records a task from their point of view. Afterwards, footage captured is reviewed along with a facilitated debrief to help externalise cognitive processes. In theory, motion, audio and visual cues generate a high level of experiential immersion which helps the expert to articulate previously hidden thoughts and actions.ObjectiveTo examine the current evidence for video-stimulated cued-recall-debrief as a means of explicating expert thoughts and feelings in complex tasks in a range of environments.Study selectionMEDLINE, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Center, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were searched for articles containing the key terms ‘cued-recall (debrief)’, ‘decision making’, ‘skills’ and ‘video recording’. Studies were included if they examined the following outcomes: (1) feasibility, (2) extent of experiential immersion, (3) ability to generate unique insight into decision-making processes and (4) current applications. 1831 articles were identified initially, and 9 studies were included in the final review.FindingsVideo-stimulated cued-recall-debrief is associated with a high level of experiential immersion and generates between two and four times the number of recollections compared with free recall. It can be used to build models of cognitive activity and to characterise the way in which more and less skilled individuals tend to think and feel.ConclusionsThe technique could be used to explicate expertise within medicine: these insights into performance could be used as a training tool for other practitioners.Trial registration numberCRD42017057484.
Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with area-level socioeconomic status
Authors: Jonsson Martin , Härkönen Juho , Ljungman Petter , Rawshani Araz , Nordberg Per , Svensson Leif , Herlitz Johan , Hollenberg Jacob 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death in the Western world. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and 30-day survival after OHCA. We hypothesised that high SES at an area level is associated with an improved chance of 30-day survival.MethodsPatients with OHCA in Stockholm County between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015 were analysed retrospectively. To quantify area-level SES, we linked the patient’s home address to 250 × 250/1000 × 1000 meter grids with aggregated information about income and education. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models in which area-level SES measures were adjusted for age, sex, emergency medical services response time, witnessed status, initial rhythm, aetiology, location and year of cardiac arrest.ResultsWe included 7431 OHCAs. There was significantly greater 30-day survival (p=0.003) in areas with a high proportion of university-educated people. No statistically significant association was seen between median disposable income and 30-day survival. The adjusted OR for 30-day survival among patients in the highest educational quintile was 1.70 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.51) compared with patients in the lowest educational quintile. We found no significant interaction for sex. Positive trend with increasing area-level education was seen in both men and women but the trend was only statistically significant among men (p=0.012)ConclusionsSurvival to 30 days after OHCA is positively associated with the average educational level of the residential area. Area-level income does not independently predict 30-day survival after OHCA.
Long working hours, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and blood-based biomarkers: cross-sectional findings from the CONSTANCES study
Authors: Virtanen Marianna , Magnusson Hansson Linda , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Stenholm Sari , Vahtera Jussi , Westerlund Hugo , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAlthough long working hours have been shown to be associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases, the clinical risk factor profile associated with long working hours remains unclear. We compared the clinical risk profile between people who worked long hours and those who reported being never exposed to long hours.MethodsA cross-sectional study in 22 health screening centres in France was based on a random population-based sample of 75 709 participants aged 18–69 at study inception in 2012–2016 (the CONSTANCES study). The data included survey responses on working hours (never, former or current exposure to long working hours), covariates and standardised biomedical examinations including anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and standard blood-based biomarkers.ResultsAmong men, long working hours were associated with higher anthropometric markers (Body Mass Index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio), adverse lipid levels, higher glucose, creatinine, white blood cells and higher alanine transaminase (adjusted mean differences in the standardised scale between the exposed and unexposed 0.02–0.12). The largest differences were found for Body Mass Index and waist circumference. A dose–response pattern with increasing years of working long hours was found for anthropometric markers, total cholesterol, glucose and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Among women, long working hours were associated with Body Mass Index and white blood cells.ConclusionIn this study, men who worked long hours had slightly worse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile than those who did not work long hours, especially with regard to anthropometric markers. In women, the corresponding associations were weak or absent.
Impact of extra-articular spondyloarthritis manifestations and comorbidities on drug retention of a first TNF-inhibitor in ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based nationwide study
Authors: Lindström Ulf , Olofsson Tor , Wedrén Sara , Qirjazo Ilia , Askling Johan 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of extra-articular spondyloarthritis (SpA) manifestations (anterior uveitis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)), and of comorbidities, on tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFi) drug retention in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsWe identified all bio-naïve patients with AS starting a first ever TNFi July 2006 to December 2015 from the Swedish Rheumatology Quality register and followed these from treatment start through December 2015. We determined the presence of extra-articular SpA-manifestations, comorbidities (cardiovascular disease, affective disease, diabetes, malignancies, chronic lung disease and kidney disease) and socioeconomic status before TNFi start, through linkage to five other national registers, and calculated, for each factor, crude and adjusted HRs for discontinuing the TNFi.Results2577 patients with AS (71% men) started a first TNFi during the study period. 27% had a history of anterior uveitis, 6% psoriasis and 7% IBD. Anterior uveitis was associated with a superior TNFi drug retention (HR 0.72; 0.62 to 0.83), psoriasis with an inferior (HR 1.48; 1.18 to 1.86), whereas IBD did not affect TNFi drug retention. The effect of the SpA manifestations on TNFi drug retention was of a similar magnitude to that of the comorbidities.ConclusionsIn AS, anterior uveitis and psoriasis, but not IBD, affect TNFi drug retention. Possible explanations include differential effects of TNFi on these extra-articular SpA manifestations, or inherent differences in AS, associated with the inflammatory phenotype. Further, comorbidities and socioeconomy affect TNFi drug retention to a similar magnitude as the SpA manifestations, and should, as such, receive due attention in clinical practice.
Spontaneous non‐traumatic tension pneumocephalus in a dog with a nasal meningoencephalocele
Authors: Shea Anita , Dominguez Elisabet , Stewart Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

A 1.5‐year‐old neutered male Border collie was presented with acute onset left forebrain signs and unilateral nasal discharge 14 months after MRI diagnosis of nasal meningoencephalocele. Subsequent MRI revealed intraventricular pneumocephalus with a gas‐filled tract extending to the rostral aspect of the intranasal brain parenchyma. Transient clinical improvement was noted with medical management, with euthanasia eight months post diagnosis due to deteriorating neurological status. The diagnoses of intraventricular pneumocephalus and frontoethmoidal meningoencephalocele were confirmed post mortem. This is the first reported case of non‐traumatic tension pneumocephalus in a dog and the first report of pneumocephalus associated with a nasal meningoencephalocele in a dog.
Prognostic Impact of Multiple Prior Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Dalén Magnus , Ruggieri Vito G. , Demal Till , Gatti Giuseppe , Onorati Francesco , Faggian Giuseppe , Rubino Antonino S. , Maselli Daniele , Gherli Riccardo , Salsano Antonio , Saccocci Matteo , Santarpino Giuseppe , Nicolini Francesco , Tauriainen Tuomas , De Feo Marisa , Airaksinen Juhani , Rosato Stefano , Perrotti Andrea , Mariscalco Giovanni 
Published: October 2018

Background

Multiple percutaneous coronary interventions (
PCIs
) are considered determinant of poor outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (
CABG
), but scarce data exist to substantiate this.

Methods and Results

Patients who underwent
CABG
without history of prior
PCI
or with
PCI
performed >30 days before surgery were selected for the present analysis from the prospective, multicenter E‐CABG (European Multicenter Study on Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting) registry. Out of 6563 patients with data on preoperative
SYNTAX
(Synergy between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery) score, 1181 patients (18.0%) had undergone
PCI
>30 days before
CABG
. Of these, 11.6% underwent a single
PCI
, 4.4% 2
PCI
s, and 2.1% ≥3
PCI
s.
PCI
of a single main coronary vessel was performed in 11.3%, of 2 main vessels in 4.9%, and of 3 main vessels in 1.6% of patients. Multivariable analysis showed that differences in early mortality and other outcomes were not significantly different in the study cohorts. The adjusted hospital/30‐day mortality rate was 1.8% in patients without history of prior
PCI
, 1.9% in those with a history of 1
PCI
, 1.4% after 2
PCI
s, and 2.5% after ≥3
PCI
s (adjusted
P
=0.8). The adjusted hospital/30‐day mortality rate was 2.0% in those who had undergone
PCI
of 1 main coronary vessel, 1.3% after
PCI
of 2 main vessels, and 3.1% after
PCI
of 3 main coronary vessels (adjusted
P
=0.6).

Conclusions

Multiple prior
PCI
s are not associated with increased risk of early adverse events in patients undergoing isolated
CABG
. The present results are conditional to survival after
PCI
and should not be viewed as a support for a policy of multiple
PCI
as opposed to earlier
CABG
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.Clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02319083.
Divergent Approaches Regulating Beta Agonists and Cloning of Animals for Food: USA and European Union
Authors: Centner Terence J. , Petetin Ludivine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Technologies being used to produce nonhuman animals who are used for meat and dairy products are viewed by some people as meaningful. Two technologies receiving scrutiny in agriculture are beta agonists that are fed to food animals to improve weight gain and cloning animals to secure offspring with specific traits. The technologies enhance the productive capacities of animals so that fewer resources are needed to produce meat and dairy products. Yet consumers are not sure they want food products with beta agonist residues and that are produced from clones. In overseeing the safety of food products and animals, legislators and regulators in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) have developed contrasting provisions regarding the usage of these technologies. An evaluation of heuristics involving information and experiences with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and animal production technologies offers support in explaining the US’s and EU’s divergent provisions.
Upscale Impact of Mesoscale Disturbances of Tropical Convection on 2-Day Waves
Authors: Yang Qiu , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Westward-propagating 2-day waves with embedded mesoscale disturbances contribute a large portion of synoptic variability of tropical convection over the western Pacific. It is of crucial importance to assess the upscale impact on 2-day waves of these mesoscale disturbances that propagate at various tilt angles. Also, it will be informative to consider the upscale impact on both symmetric and asymmetric 2-day waves in terms of convection, morphology of circulation, and tropical cyclogenesis. A simple multiscale asymptotic model is used to simulate the two-scale structure of 2-day waves. The synoptic-scale circulation response is driven by westward-propagating mean heating and eddy transfer of momentum and temperature. The latter is interpreted as the upscale impact of mesoscale fluctuations. The upscale impact of mesoscale disturbances that propagate at a tilt angle between 315° and 45° induces low-level negative potential temperature anomalies and westerly inflow. Shallow congestus convection triggered in a moist environment at the leading edge of the 2-day waves supports the westward propagation. For asymmetric 2-day waves in the Northern Hemisphere, the upscale impact of mesoscale disturbances propagating at a tilt angle between 315° and 0° induces lower-tropospheric cyclonic flows and negative pressure perturbation. This provides a new mechanism to precondition tropical cyclogenesis. A comparison of the upscale impact on symmetric westward-propagating 2-day waves and eastward-propagating convectively coupled Kelvin waves shows that their tilt angle ranges with favorable conditions for convection and enhanced inflow are simply opposite.