bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical model to assess the actual environmental risk from the point source emissions
Authors: Poltoratskaya V. N. 
Published: February 2018

A mathematical model for point source emissions, which allows to determine the ecological risk, improve the ecological situation in the region with the ability to manage risk. Environmental risk is defined as the probability of exceeding a multidimensional integral field concentrations of pollutants its Maximum Admissible Concentration (with a small number of measurements) or frequency exceeding the given measured concentrations of pollutants its Maximum Admissible Concentration (with a large number of measurements). Components of air pollution regions, cities, enterprises are individual emission sources, so primarily developing assessment and environmental risk analysis should be performed for individual sources and, above all, to prevent significant risks – for the prognostic assessment of newly constructed or reconstructed enterprises, and for existing facilities – from the measurement data. For a single point source mathematical model includes: – raw data (results undertorch measurement characteristics of pollutants, sanitary protection and residential areas, the design parameters of the source and characteristics of the external environment for the worst-case); – forecast concentrations of pollutants depending on the design parameters of the source and characteristics of an environment for a source with circular and rectangular mouth, hot and cold emissions, extremely dangerous low wind speeds; – depending on the definition of the amendments to the measured concentrations due to the difference of the worst conditions from measurements; – depending on the definition given to the worst conditions of the measured concentrations and their statistical processing in order to obtain: a) the numerical characteristics of the density distribution of the concentration of pollutants emitted (mathematical expectations, standard deviations and correlation coefficients); b) environmental risk α, defined at a relatively small number of trials as a multidimensional probability integral of the density distribution of the concentrations obtained with the numerical characteristics, and a large number of tests - the frequency of the measured concentrations exceeding; c) environmental risks from air pollution αj separate pollutants; d) depending on the definition of the numerical characteristics of the forecast distribution density is not measured (secondary) concentrations of pollutants emitted to address their risks when determining α and αj. It is shown that, in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements must consider the risk of the negative impact of air pollution to humans, the level of which is determined using the values of the maximum one-time maximum allowable concentrations pollutants. Defined by experienced stochastic patterns of distribution of contaminants in the atmosphere. Studied the random variation of concentrations. Theoretically and experimentally substantiated principles of developing a mathematical model to assess the actual risk from ecological point sources of emissions.
Laser scanning as a tool for the analysis of the greenery on the example of Poremba district in Lublin
Authors: Kotsyuba P. G. , Semko I. D. , Kozak I. I. , Parpan T. V. , Kozak G. G. , Stempen A. A. 
Published: February 2018

World experience shows that the survey of green spaces by traditional methods is very time consuming, costly and does not always get all the information you need to make of adequate management decisions by municipal authorities. The aim of this article was to show the main stages of analysis and prospects of urban green space using aerial lidar data and submit the effect of three-dimensional visualization of the study area. There were presented the possibilities and perspectives of using the data obtained from airborne laser scanning (ALS) for the analysis of greenery on the example of Poremba district in Lublin (Poland). Research conducted in Poremba district in the Polish city of Lublin (district was built from 1988 to 2005 and is located in the western part of the city). Analysis of green space conducted using quantitative analytical methods. By detailed analysis of the study area were used aerial lidar data from the year 2015. To classify aerial lidar data such software were used: LP360, ArcMap 10.3, Toolbox LAStools. The process of analysis begins with the definition of points, belonging to ground (Ground - GR), and the classification was realized using «lasground» with tools LAStools. The article is dedicated to development the method of estimation the tree height based on airborne LiDAR data. Method applies more information about the three-dimensional structure of natural objects derived from the processing of airborne LiDAR data compared with known methods. Furthermore, the method is adapted to determine and calculate characteristics of stand which using for tree inventory in cities. Methodological and algorithmic instructions to determine the tree parameters in city were proposed. These instructions allow automatically calculating the characteristics of the tree parameters, such as the allocation of each tree and tree height. The study area was analyzed in terms of the distribution of vegetation (separately individual growing trees and groups of trees). For that purpose there was applied an available ALS data. Based on the ALS data there were separated the tops of the trees and their height. In order to verify the ALS data there were used the results of field measurements (coordinates for the tree trunks, the diameter at breast height of trees, their height, crown projection). The analysis of the greenery within the Poremba district using the ALS data after verification with the field measurements proved to be an effective tool for the characterization of the greenery areas in particular city. This research may be important in terms of planning the planting of greenery areas and spatial development of the Lublin.
Prognosis of beech stand dynamics in climate change conditions in Polish Bieszady and Ukrainian Beskydy
Authors: Kozak I. I. , Parpan T. V. , Kozak G. G. , Kotsyuba P. G. 
Published: February 2018

The study concerned forecasts for the dynamics of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in the Polish Bieszczady and Ukrainian Beskydy with the use of FORKOME model іn different scenarios of climate changes. Simulation conducted in FORKOME model confirms that beech will exist in the Polish Bieszczady and Ukrainian Beskydy regions on the east boundary of beech areal. The changes in the Polish Bieszczady and Ukrainian Beskydy can be estimate as a positive for forest productivity and biomass accumulations. They were confirmed by fieldwork and events documented in the literature, which shows the reliability of the forecasts used FORKOME computer model. Work and study of this kind are necessary for rational forest management and to take appropriate development strategies.
Allozyme variation among european beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kvesić S. , Ballian D. , Parpan T. V. 
Published: February 2018

From the economical and ecological point of view, beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is one of the most important forest tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To understand the significance of beech forests, something about the structure of forests and forest lands needs to be said. Bosnia and Herzegovina has 3.231.500 hectares of forests and forest land, which is about 60% of its surface. In the forest and forest lands structure, we can see that it has high forest occupying 51.1% of the forest area, coppice occupying 38.70%, shrubs occupying 4%, bare land and clearings occupying 5.80% and other unproductive areas occupying 0.40%. Beech can be found in mixed stands of beech and fir, as well as stands of beech, fir and spruce that occupy 46% of all high forests. Thus, the total area of ​​forests where the beech is found is approximately 1.652.400 hectares. The aim of the study was to carry out the analysis of genetic structures of natural beech populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina by using isoenzyme markers. Conducting a biochemical genetic structure analysis of 14 beech populations, using 10 enzyme systems with 16 isoenzyme gene loci, we found significant differences. Variability in some gene loci is large, while some populations for some gene loci showed monomorphism. The results indicate that in order to maintain natural genetic resources of common beech in Bosnia and Herzegovina, there should be a dense network of gene reserves established. This network from one of the Balkan countries should then become a constituent part of all-European network. These gene banks need in situ and ex situ methods (seed banks, seed stands, and seed orchards) to maintain the genetic diversity of populations. Based on the research results, every ecological niche of common beech i.e. their genetic variation should be conserved regarding the appropriate number of populations and individuals to preserve the ecological and physiological features of this valuable commercial species.
Factors related to decreased vitamin D levels in men with spinal cord injury living in a subtropical region
Authors: Bassuino Mauricio Sprenger , Kaminski Elisa Lettnin , Garcia Laís Oliveira , Linden Rafael , Antunes Marina Venzon , Schneider Rodolfo Herberto , Machado Denise Cantarelli 
Published: February 2018

AIMS: To evaluate the levels of vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium in individuals with spinal cord injury and to identify related factors.METHODS: A cross-sectional study included men with spinal cord injury, living in the South Region of Brazil. A questionnaire was applied to evaluate socioeconomic data, life habits and health. The time elapsed since the spinal cord injury was considered. Vitamin D was evaluated in plasma via liquid chromatography; calcium and PTH were measured in serum by a colorimetric method and electrochemiluminescence respectively. For data analysis, linear regression and chi-square test were utilized. Values of p<0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The study included 39 paraplegic or tetraplegic men with spinal cord injury. The mean age was 35.52±9.78 years, and the mean time since injury was 6.09±5.55 years. The mean biochemical levels were: 19.0 ±6.98 ng/mL for vitamin D; 9.54±0.52 mg/dL for total calcium; and 34.81±10.84 pg/mL for parathyroid hormone. Individuals with sun exposure for more than two hours daily had higher vitamin D levels than those exposed up to one hour per day (p=0.001). Linear regression identified an inverse relationship between lesion time and vitamin D levels (regression coefficient: -0.424; p=0.029), while the other parameters did not show significant differences regarding the time elapsed since the lesion. Subjects with income above four minimum wages had higher vitamin D values (mean 25.67±5.45 ng/mL) when compared to those with income up to four minimum wages (mean 18.43±6.79 ng/mL) (p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Levels of vitamin D were inversely correlated to the time elapsed since the spinal cord injury, probably due to insufficient sun exposure resulting from prolonged limitation of mobility. In addition, lower levels of vitamin D were associated to lower income. These factors may aggravate bone loss associated with decreased mobility resulting from spinal cord injury.
Ten myths about work addiction
Authors: Griffiths Mark D. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Atroszko Paweł A. 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims
Research into work addiction has steadily grown over the past decade. However, the literature is far from unified and there has been much debate on many different issues.

Aim and methods
This paper comprises a narrative review and focuses on 10 myths about work addiction that have permeated the psychological literature and beyond. The 10 myths examined are (a) work addiction is a new behavioral addiction, (b) work addiction is similar to other behavioral addictions, (c) there are only psychosocial consequences of work addiction, (d) work addiction and workaholism are the same thing, (e) work addiction exclusively occurs as a consequence of individual personality factors, (f) work addiction only occurs in adulthood, (g) some types of work addiction are positive, (h) work addiction is a transient behavioral pattern related to situational factors, (i) work addiction is a function of the time spent engaging in work, and (j) work addiction is an example of overpathogizing everyday behavior and it will never be classed as a mental disorder in the DSM.

Results
Using the empirical literature to date, it is demonstrated that there is evidence to counter each of the 10 myths.

Conclusion
It appears that the field is far from unified and that there are different theoretical constructs underpinning different strands of research.
Editorial
Authors: Silva Marina Vieira da , Belik Walter 
Published: February 2018

O Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação (NEPA) entrega à comunidade científica o primeiro fascículo do volume 19 da revista Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), com nove artigos inéditos que versam direta e indiretamente sobre o tema central da revista e contribuem de forma significativa para a atualização do conhecimento, em sintonia com a relevante agenda de SAN. Esta edição reúne trabalhos que abordam a transição alimentar, o consumo de alimentos e impactos sobre a saúde e o ambiente, o programa nacional de alimentação escolar, a produção agrícola e o abastecimento e aspectos relativos à qualidade dos alimentos. Em resumo, esse número, mais uma vez, cumpre a sua missão de atualizar o leitor com informações de pesquisas sobre os vários aspectos da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Segurança alimentar e nutricional e qualidade de vida em assentamentos rurais
Authors: Souza-Esquerdo Vanilde Ferreira de , Bergamasco Sonia Maria Pessoa Pereira , Oliveira Julieta Teresa Aier de , Oliveira Érika de Souza 
Published: February 2018

Os assentamentos rurais referem-se a um novo espaço em formação, onde muitos assentados optam inicialmente pelo plantio de gêneros alimentícios para a sua subsistência e depois para o mercado. Assim, a conquista da terra possui significados que vão desde o resgate à cidadania até a melhoria da condição de vida pela aquisição de bens, produtos e serviços. Nesse sentido, este trabalho objetivou analisar a reforma agrária enquanto uma política capaz de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida e promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional das famílias assentadas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. São apresentados também os resultados preliminares da pesquisa em andamento “Segurança Alimentar no Campo”. Percebeu-se que a pobreza no meio rural tem uma ligação direta com a concentração fundiária. Apesar da precariedade dos assentamentos rurais, a vida dos assentados, quando comparada a de seus pais, está melhor. Além disso, a vida no assentamento possibilita condições de produção para o sustento da família, podendo assim garantir sua Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.
Aplikasi Android pada Pembelajaran Fisika: Sebuah Solusi Mutakhir Pembelajaran Fisika di Era Global
Authors: Al-idrus Syayid Qosim M. Jafar 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong>. The study of physics in the globalization era faces many challenges. One such challenge is that students become less interested in traditional learning. In this era android applications are very popular among teenagers and may be an alternative to this problem. The purpose of this article is to describe the role of android application on physics learning of high school students especially on business material and energy. The method used is qualitative deskrptif. A Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data in this study. The object of this research is high school students of class X of Malang city. The result of this research is student response to android 3.60 in good criterion and on physics learning process equal to 3,03 in good creteria. These results indicate that students respond well to android applications used in the process of physics learning in the classroom.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Pembelajaran fisika di era globalisasi banyak menghadapi tantangan. Salah satu tantangan tersebut adalah siswa menjadi kurang tertarik dalam pembelajaran yang masih tradisional. Dimasa ini aplikasi android sangat populer dikalangan remaja dan mungkin bisa menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk permasalahan ini. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan peranan aplikasi android pada pembelajaran fisika siswa SMA khususnya pada materi usaha dan energi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskrptif. Lembar angket dengan skala Likert digunakan untuk mengambil data pada penelitian ini. Objek penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA kelas X kota Malang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah respon siswa terhadap android sebesar 3,60 dalam kreteria baik dan pada proses pemebelajaran fisika sebesar 3,03 dalam kreteria baik. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa merespon baik aplikasi android yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika di dalam kelas.</p>
The Cost-Effectiveness of Surgical Fixation of Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Rajan Prashant V. , Qudsi Rameez A. , Dyer George S.M. , Losina Elena 
Published: February 2018

Background:
There is no consensus on the optimal fixation method for patients who require a surgical procedure for distal radial fractures. We used cost-effectiveness analyses to determine which of 3 modalities offers the best value: closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, open reduction and internal fixation, or external fixation.

Methods:
We developed a Markov model that projected short-term and long-term health benefits and costs in patients undergoing a surgical procedure for a distal radial fracture. Simulations began at the patient age of 50 years and were run over the patient’s lifetime. The analysis was conducted from health-care payer and societal perspectives. We estimated transition probabilities and quality-of-life values from the literature and determined costs from Medicare reimbursement schedules in 2016 U.S. dollars. Suboptimal postoperative outcomes were determined by rates of reduction loss (4% for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, 1% for open reduction and internal fixation, and 11% for external fixation) and rates of orthopaedic complications. Procedural costs were $7,638 for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning, $10,170 for open reduction and internal fixation, and $9,886 for external fixation. Outputs were total costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), discounted at 3% per year. We considered willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000. We conducted deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to evaluate the impact of data uncertainty.

Results:
From the health-care payer perspective, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning dominated (i.e., produced greater QALYs at lower costs than) open reduction and internal fixation and dominated external fixation. From the societal perspective, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning compared with open reduction and internal fixation was $21,058 per QALY and external fixation was dominated. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, open reduction and internal fixation was cost-effective roughly 50% of the time compared with roughly 45% for closed reduction and percutaneous pinning.

Conclusions:
When considering data uncertainty, there is only a 5% to 10% difference in the frequency of probability combinations that find open reduction and internal fixation to be more cost-effective. The current degree of uncertainty in the data produces difficulty in distinguishing either strategy as being more cost-effective overall and thus it may be left to surgeon and patient shared decision-making.

Level of Evidence:
Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Effect of Posterior Malleolus Fracture on Syndesmotic Reduction
Authors: Fitzpatrick Elizabeth , Goetz Jessica E. , Sittapairoj Tinnart , Hosuru Siddappa Vinay , Femino John E. , Phisitkul Phinit 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Syndesmotic malreduction and fractures of the posterior malleolus negatively influence outcomes of rotational ankle fractures. Recent data have shown that posterior malleolus fixation contributes to the stability of the syndesmosis. The purpose of this study was to analyze syndesmotic reduction within the context of different sizes of posterior malleolus fracture fragments and different qualities of reduction.

Methods:
A model of stage-IV supination-external rotation injury was created in 9 through-the-knee cadaveric specimens. The specimens were randomized to receive either a small (one-third of the incisura, n = 4) or a large (two-thirds of the incisura, n = 5) posterior malleolus fracture. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained of each intact specimen and then with clamp reduction of the syndesmosis along with a fracture fragment that was (1) unreduced, (2) anatomically reduced, or (3) fixed with a 4.8-mm-gap malreduction. Syndesmotic reduction in both the anterior-posterior and the medial-lateral direction was assessed relative to the intact specimen.

Results:
Clamp reduction of the syndesmosis increased medial translation of the distal part of the fibula in the specimens with an unfixed or an anatomically fixed posterior malleolus fracture fragment and caused lateral displacement of the distal part of the fibula in the specimens with gap malreduction of the posterior malleolus fracture. Clamp reduction of the syndesmosis caused a slight anterior shift of the fibula in the specimens with a small unfixed or anatomically fixed posterior malleolus fracture fragment and caused a posterior shift of the fibula in the specimens with gap malreduction of a large fragment.

Conclusions:
The overall anterior-posterior reduction of the syndesmosis was generally unaffected by a posterior malleolus fracture except when there was malreduction of a large fragment. Medial-lateral syndesmotic reduction was affected by the conditions of the posterior malleolus fixation, with malreduction of the posterior malleolus leading to syndesmotic malreduction.

Clinical Relevance:
When posterior malleolus fractures occur with syndesmotic injury, anatomic fracture reduction and fixation are paramount as they can affect syndesmotic reduction, especially with larger fragments.