bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emodin promotes apoptosis of human endometrial cancer through regulating the MAPK and PI3K/ AKT pathways
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhou Nanyang , Ying Pian , Zhang Ting , Liang Ruojia , Jiang Xuelu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmodin, a major component of rhubarb, has anti-tumor effects in a variety of cancers, influencing multiple steps of tumor development through modulating several signaling pathways. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of emodin on cell apoptosis and explore the underlying mechanisms in human endometrial cancer cells. Here we report that emodin can inhibit KLE cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Western blot assay found that emodin was involved in MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Specifically, emodin significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of AKT, and enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was up-regulated in KLE cells upon treatment with emodin, while the anti-oxidant agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) can inhibit emodin-induced apoptosis and promote the activation of AKT and Bcl-2. Taken together, we revealed that emodin may induce apoptosis in KLE cells through regulating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, indicating the importance of emodin as an anti-tumor agent.
’National Belonging’ in Legal and Diplomatic Formulas: The Pole’s Card as a Legacy of Poland’s Colonial History
Authors: Ładykowski Paweł 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe article explores the sources of the idea of nation as it is encoded in the legislative framework of the Pole’s Card and its implications for the processes of identity-making taking place beyond the eastern borders of the Polish state. Given the problems with defining the role of the historical Polish diaspora in the East, the question of the conceptualization of national belonging is significant and has practical consequences at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels. The argument of the paper is twofold: (1) On the one hand, the document of the Pole’s Card reflects a specific inclusive—”cultural”— conception of the nation. In this conception, which is forged by the Polish policymakers, the conditions whereby the national belonging can be achieved are widely conceived. (2) On the other hand, the administrative decision-making process and the diplomatic practice of granting the Card prioritizes and executes the exclusive conception of the nation with its limited ethnic, religious (Roman Catholic) and linguistic background. This way, the document of the Pole’s Card becomes a legal device for establishing new social distinctions in societies of Poland’s eastern neighbours. By discussing this case on the ground, this paper hopes to demonstrate the ways in which the new creative notions of the nationhood are forged in Poland.
Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights: History of IUPAC Commission II.1 in the ­Service of Chemistry
Authors: Laeter John R. De 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Atomic weights are of fundamental importance in science, technology, trade and commerce. In particular, atomic weights relate mass to molar quantities. It is therefore not surprising that the measurement of atomic weights has played a central role in the development of chemistry and continues to be a key component in the progress of discipline.
Isotopes Matter
Authors: Holden Norman E. , Coplen Tyler B. , Mahaffy Peter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Two years ago, the King’s Centre for Visualization in Science (KCVS) at The King’s University, Edmonton released a new digital interactive version of the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements and Isotopes with accompanying educational resources at an International Conference on Chemistry Education. It can be found at www.isotopesmatter.com. The effort was part of an IUPAC project [1]. The science behind this new table was developed by Inorganic Chemistry Division scientists working for over a decade on an earlier IUPAC project [2]. These projects were joint efforts between the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education (CCE) and the Inorganic Chemistry Division.
Application of 2N Design of Experiment Method for The Evaluation of The Efficiency and Cross-Effects of Oilfield Chemicals
Authors: Lukács Zoltán , Kristóf Tamás 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
It has been known for a long time that oilfield chemicals used for different purposes (corrosion and scale inhibitors, scavengers, biocides, etc.) can modify the efficiency of each other. These cross-effects can exhibit adverse or beneficial impacts and may modify the overall corrosiveness of the medium to a great extent. However, there is no standard procedure in order to evaluate the cross-effects, i.e. the extent to which the effect of one of the chemicals is modified by the addition of another. The 2N Design of Experiment (DoE) method provides a robust and simple statistical way to evaluate the change in efficiency of oilfield chemicals owing to the addition of other additives. The 2N DoE method can also be applied to other systems. In the present work the effects and cross-effects in systems consisting of a corrosion inhibitor, as well as an oxygen and a hydrogen sulphide scavenger are investigated and successfully demonstrated in a typical oilfield corrosion system with electrochemical corrosion monitoring methods.
Worker Movement Diagram Based Stochastic Model of Open Paced Conveyors
Authors: Ruppert Tamás , Abonyi János 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Human resources are still utilized in many manufacturing systems, so the development of these processes should also focus on the performance of the operators. The optimization of production systems requires accurate and reliable models. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the human behavior, the modeling of the operators is a challenging task. Our goal is to develop a worker movement diagram based model that considers the stochastic nature of paced open conveyors. The problem is challenging as the simulator has to handle the open nature of the workstations, which means that the operators can work ahead or try to work off their backlog, and due to the increased flexibility of the moving patterns the possible crossings which could lead to the stopping of the conveyor should also be modeled. The risk of such micro-stoppings is calculated by Monte-Carlo simulation. The applicability of the simulator is demonstrated by a well-documented benchmark problem of a wire-harness production process.
Effect of Algae Treatment On Stevia Rebaudiana Growth
Authors: Czinkóczky Réka , Németh Áron 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a small, perennial and herbaceous shrub which originated in Paraguay (South America). Stevia rebaudiana is not native to Hungary but its cultivation and consumption may have many benefits, e.g. to reduce blood pressure and as a non-caloric sweetener. Steviol glycosides, mostly stevioside and rebaudioside A, located in the leaves are about 200–300 times sweeter than sucrose. S. rebaudina cultivation in Hungary would offer many opportunities in healthcare and the sweet industry. With the aim of achieving good green biomass yields, the effect of MACC4 autotrophic and heterotrophic algae strains was investigated by testing them as both leaf and soil fertilizers in the soil of Stevia rebaudiana seedlings and in its aqueous rooting experiments. In one of the later set up, the formation of roots was improved by combining the application of red light and algae treatment.
Regularity of fuzzy convergence spaces
Authors: Li Lingqiang , Jin Qiu , Yao Bingxue 
Published: January 2019

Abstract(Fuzzy) convergence spaces are extensions of (fuzzy) topological spaces. ⊤-convergence spaces are one of important fuzzy convergence spaces. In this paper, we present an extending dual Fischer diagonal condition, and making use of this we discuss a regularity of ⊤-convergence spaces.
Sources of lead exposure in various countries
Authors: Obeng-Gyasi Emmanuel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This review evaluates the sources of lead exposure worldwide. Studies from searches relating to sources of lead exposure in various countries within different regional zones were reviewed. Results indicated that in Nigeria, exposure sources include electronic waste, paint and batteries. In Mexico exposure sources include glazed ceramics, lead contaminated utensils and lead contaminated water, for India lead sources include cosmetics and traditional medicines. Sources of lead exposure in China include e-waste, traditional medicines and industrial emissions. In France, exposure sources included lead paint from older homes, imported ceramics and cosmetics and industrial emissions. Australia’s exposure sources include paint, dust, imported toys and traditional medicines. Finally, in the United States exposure sources included paint, the industrial legacy of lead exposure and batteries. In high-income countries (HICs) the legacy of lead exposure keeps populations continuously exposed. In lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), in addition to the legacy of lead exposure, lack of regulations or the inability to enforce regulations keeps populations exposed. In all, evidence suggests that lead exposure remains an issue of public health significance in both HIC and LMIC.
Experimental Study on Influence of Material Parameters on Bond Behavior of Glued-in Rod Connection
Authors: Wang Fangbo , Xiong Haibei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Glued-in rod connection for timber structure has shown great potential for engineering applications because of its high strength, stiffness, and aesthetic appeal. During the past few decades, extensive research has been carried out to investigate the effects of geometrical parameters on bonding behavior of glued-in rod connection. On the other hand, comprehensive studies on the effects of material parameters are rare. This article presents an experiment program to study the effects of a number of material parameters—adhesive type, rod surface type, glued-in direction—of glued-in rod connection. Twenty-four glued-in rod specimens were tested using a universal testing machine, and the full bond-slip behaviors of specimens were collected. Test result shows that bond strength of glued-in rod connection with epoxy resin is 20 % to 30 % higher than that with polyurethane, and the effect of rod types on bond strength is negligible. Although parallel-to-grain glued-in rod connection has higher bond strength than that of perpendicular-to-grain connection, sudden brittle failure is observed for parallel-to-grain glued-in rod connection. Furthermore, a new bonding strength model is proposed to account for the effects of material parameters.
DIC Measurement on Stress Wave Propagation and Strain Field Distribution Induced by Deep Rock Blasting
Authors: Yang Liyun , Wang Qingcheng , Ding Chenxi , Zhang Lanyue 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
An ultra-high-speed digital image correlation system was applied in a blasting experiment that simulates the blasting response of deep rock under high ground stress. The full field strain evolutionary process of the specimen and the strain time histories of certain gauges were analyzed. Under a static stress field (simulating high ground stress), stress concentration occurs within three times the radius of the blasthole, and then, according to the region of stress concentration, the specimen plane was divided into near zone and far zone of the blasthole. There was no significant difference between deep and superficial formation in the law of explosive stress wave propagation in the blasthole far zone, which was based on the blasting compression zone, crack zone, and vibration zone, and elastic mechanics theory. Through nonlinear fitting, the explosive stress wave attenuation function between the maximum principal strain and the distance from the blasthole was obtained quantitatively, namely, by εmax=697+718·e−0.166·s. In addition, the strain value of the blasthole far zone caused by the combined action of the blasting stress field and the static stress field was equal to the linear superposition of the strain values caused by these two fields separately.
Cenpj Regulates Cilia Disassembly and Neurogenesis in the Developing Mouse Cortex
Authors: Ding Wenyu , Wu Qian , Sun Le , Pan Na Clara , Wang Xiaoqun 
Published: January 2019

Primary cilia are microtubule-based protuberances that project from the eukaryotic cell body to sense the extracellular environment. Ciliogenesis is closely correlated to the cell cycle and defects of cilia are related to human systemic diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia. However, the role of ciliogenesis in cortical development remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Cenpj, a protein that is required for centriole biogenesis, plays a role in regulating cilium disassemblyin vivo. Depletion of Cenpj in neural progenitor cells results in long cilia and abnormal cilia disassembly. Radial glial cells Cenpj depletion exhibit uncompleted cell division, reduced cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis in the developing mouse cerebrum cortex, leading to microcephaly. In addition, Cenpj depletion causes long and thin primary cilia and motile cilia in adult neural stem cells and reduced cell proliferation in the subventricular zone. Furthermore, we show that Cenpj regulates cilia disassembly and neurogenesis through Kif2a, a plus-end-directed motor protein. These data collected from mice of both sexes provide insights into how ciliogenesis plays roles in cortical development and how primary microcephaly is induced byCenpjmutations in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAutosomal recessive primary microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder with the major symptoms of reduction of circumference of the head, brain volume, and cortex thickness with normal brain architecture in birth. We used conditional Cenpj deletion mice and found that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) exhibited long primary cilia and abnormal cilium appendages. The defective cilium disassembly caused by Cenpj depletion might correlate to reduced cell proliferation, uncompleted cell division, cell apoptosis, and microcephaly in mice. Cenpj also regulates the cilium structure of adult neural stem cells and adult neurogenesis in mice. Additionally, our results illustrate that Cenpj regulates cilia disassembly and neurogenesis through Kif2a, indicating that primary cilia dynamics play a crucial role in NPC mitosis and adult neurogenesis.
The Beavis Effect in Next-Generation Mapping Panels inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: King Elizabeth G , Long Anthony D 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA major goal in the analysis of complex traits is to partition the observed genetic variation in a trait into components due to individual loci and perhaps variants within those loci. However, in both QTL mapping and genetic association studies, the estimated percent variation attributable to a QTL is upwardly biased conditional on it being discovered. This bias was first described in two-way QTL mapping experiments by William Beavis, and has been referred to extensively as “the Beavis effect.” The Beavis effect is likely to occur in multiparent population (MPP) panels as well as collections of sequenced lines used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the strength of the Beavis effect is unknown—and often implicitly assumed to be negligible—when “hits” are obtained from an association panel consisting of hundreds of inbred lines tested across millions of SNPs, or in multiparent mapping populations where mapping involves fitting a complex statistical model with several d.f. at thousands of genetic intervals. To estimate the size of the effect in more complex panels, we performed simulations of both biallelic and multiallelic QTL in two major Drosophila melanogaster mapping panels, the GWAS-based Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), and the MPP the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR). Our results show that overestimation is determined most strongly by sample size and is only minimally impacted by the mapping design. When &lt; 100, 200, 500, and 1000 lines are employed, the variance attributable to hits is inflated by factors of 6, 3, 1.5, and 1.1, respectively, for a QTL that truly contributes 5% to the variation in the trait. This overestimation indicates that QTL could be difficult to validate in follow-up replication experiments where additional individuals are examined. Further, QTL could be difficult to cross-validate between the two Drosophila resources. We provide guidelines for: (1) the sample sizes necessary to accurately estimate the percent variance to an identified QTL, (2) the conditions under which one is likely to replicate a mapped QTL in a second study using the same mapping population, and (3) the conditions under which a QTL mapped in one mapping panel is likely to replicate in the other (DGRP and DSPR).
Deleterious Mutation Burden and Its Association with Complex Traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: Valluru Ravi , Gazave Elodie E , Fernandes Samuel B , Ferguson John N , Lozano Roberto , Hirannaiah Pradeep , Zuo Tao , Brown Patrick J , Leakey Andrew D B , Gore Michael A , Buckler Edward S , Bandillo Nonoy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a major staple food cereal for millions of people worldwide. Valluru et al. identify putative deleterious mutations among ∼5.5M segregating variants of 229 diverse sorghum...Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a major food cereal for millions of people worldwide. The sorghum genome, like other species, accumulates deleterious mutations, likely impacting its fitness. The lack of recombination, drift, and the coupling with favorable loci impede the removal of deleterious mutations from the genome by selection. To study how deleterious variants impact phenotypes, we identified putative deleterious mutations among ∼5.5 M segregating variants of 229 diverse biomass sorghum lines. We provide the whole-genome estimate of the deleterious burden in sorghum, showing that ∼33% of nonsynonymous substitutions are putatively deleterious. The pattern of mutation burden varies appreciably among racial groups. Across racial groups, the mutation burden correlated negatively with biomass, plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), and tissue starch content (TSC), suggesting that deleterious burden decreases trait fitness. Putatively deleterious variants explain roughly one-half of the genetic variance. However, there is only moderate improvement in total heritable variance explained for biomass (7.6%) and plant height (average of 3.1% across all stages). There is no advantage in total heritable variance for SLA and TSC. The contribution of putatively deleterious variants to phenotypic diversity therefore appears to be dependent on the genetic architecture of traits. Overall, these results suggest that incorporating putatively deleterious variants into genomic models slightly improves prediction accuracy because of extensive linkage. Knowledge of deleterious variants could be leveraged for sorghum breeding through either genome editing and/or conventional breeding that focuses on the selection of progeny with fewer deleterious alleles.
Perinatal Risk Factors and Outcome Coding in Clinical and Administrative Databases
Authors: Tawfik Daniel S. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Profit Jochen 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Administrative databases may allow true population-based studies and quality improvement endeavors, but the accuracy of billing codes for capturing key risk factors and outcomes needs to be assessed. We sought to describe the performance of a statewide administrative database and the clinical database from the California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative (CPQCC).

METHODS:
This population-based retrospective cohort study linked key perinatal risk factors and outcomes from the 133-unit CPQCC database to relevant billing codes from administrative maternal and newborn inpatient discharge records, for 50 631 infants born from 2006 to 2012. Using the CPQCC record as the gold standard, we calculated the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and Matthews correlation coefficient for each item, then evaluated comparative performance across units.

RESULTS:
The Matthews correlation coefficient was highest (&gt;0.7; strong positive correlation) for multiple delivery, Cesarean delivery, very low birth weight, maternal hypertension, maternal diabetes, patent ductus arteriosus, in-hospital death, patent ductus arteriosus and retinopathy of prematurity surgeries, extracorporeal life support, and intraventricular hemorrhage. Maternal chorioamnionitis, fetal distress, retinopathy of prematurity staging, chronic lung disease, and pneumothorax were the least reliably coded. Maternal factors and delivery details were more reliably coded in the maternal inpatient record than the newborn inpatient record.

CONCLUSIONS:
Several important perinatal risk factors and outcomes are highly congruent between these administrative and clinical databases. Several subjective risk factors and outcomes are appropriate targets for data improvement initiatives. The ability for timely extraction of administrative inpatient data will be key to their usefulness in quality metrics.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL IKAN FAMILI SCARIDAE DI PERAIRAN TAMAN NASIONAL BUNAKEN, SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Rachmad Basuki 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKIkan karang Famili Scaridae adalah salah satu ikan herbivora yang hidup di ekosistem terumbu karang. Namun keberadaan dan kondisi ikan ini belum banyak diketahui di perairan Taman Nasional Bunaken. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan distribusi ikan famili Scaridae yang berhubungan dengan terumbu karang, di Taman Nasional Bunaken yang dilakukan di tiga pulau pada bulan Februari hingga Mei 2017. Pengamatan ini dilakukan dengan metode sensus visual Line Intercept Transect (LIT) Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan keragaman ikan famili Scaridae terdiri dari 9 spesies, dua spesies ikan yaitu Scarus spirus dan S. niger memiliki distribusi spasial di seluruh perairan. Jenis ikan yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi adalah S. gobbhan (110 ind/ha). Kesamaan spesies dicirikan oleh kecenderungan dari kelompok yang terjadi di perairan Pulau Bunaken yang kerucut. Penilaian ekologi ikan Scaridae menunjukkan bahwa terumbu karang di perairan Taman Nasional Bunaken masih dalam kondisi baik.Kata Kunci: Distribu spasial Scaridae, keanekaragaman, Taman Nasional Bunaken ABSTRACTCoral fishes Scaridae family is one of the herbivorous fishes that live in coral reef ecosystem. But the existence and condition of this fishes has not been widely known in of Bunaken National Park waters. This study aims to determine the composition and distribution of Scaridae family associated with coral reefs, in Bunaken National Park conducted at three islands in February to May 2017. The observation is ware made with the visual census method Line Intercept Transect (LIT) In this study found diversity of Scaridae family consists of 9 species, two species Scarus spirus and S. niger has spatial distribution throughout the waters. S. gobbhan has the highest abundance (110 ind/ha). The similarity of species characterized by the tendency to from groups that occur in the conical Bunaken Island waters. Ecological assessment of the Scaridae fish shows that the coral reefs in the waters of Bunaken National Park are still in good condition.Key Words: Spasial Distributian, Scaridae, diversity, Bunaken National Park