bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the putative confession instruction on perceptions of children's true and false statements
Authors: Gongola Jennifer , Scurich Nicholas , Lyon Thomas D. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe putative confession (PC) instruction (i.e., “[suspect] told me everything that happened and wants you to tell the truth”) during forensic interviews with children has been shown to increase the accuracy of children's statements, but it is unclear whether adults' perceptions are sensitive to this salutary effect. The present study examined how adults perceive children's true and false responses to the PC instruction. Participants (n = 299) watched videotaped interviews of children and rated the child's credibility and the truthfulness of his/her statements. When viewing children's responses to the PC instruction, true and false statements were rated as equally credible, and there was a decrease in accuracy for identifying false denials as lies. These findings suggest that participants viewed the PC instruction as truth‐inducing. Implications for the forensic use of the PC instruction are discussed.
Active Sites and Mechanism of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysis on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Materials
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Takeyasu Kotaro , Nakamura Junji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a core reaction for electrochemical energy technologies such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR catalysts have been limited to platinum, which meets the requirements of high activity and durability. Over the last few decades, a variety of materials have been tested as non‐Pt catalysts, from metal–organic complex molecules to metal‐free catalysts. In particular, nitrogen‐doped graphitic carbon materials, including N‐doped graphene and N‐doped carbon nanotubes, have been extensively studied. However, due to the lack of understanding of the reaction mechanism and conflicting knowledge of the catalytic active sites, carbon‐based catalysts are still under the development stage of achieving a performance similar to Pt‐based catalysts. In addition to the catalytic viewpoint, designing mass transport pathways is required for O2. Recently, the importance of pyridinic N for the creation of active sites for ORR and the requirement of hydrophobicity near the active sites have been reported. Based on the increased knowledge in controlling ORR performances, bottom‐up preparation of N‐doped carbon catalysts, using N‐containing conjugative molecules as the assemblies of the catalysts, is promising. Here, the recent understanding of the active sites and the mechanism of ORRs on N‐doped carbon catalysts are reviewed.
Sundew‐Inspired Simultaneous Actuation and Adhesion/Friction Control for Reversibly Capturing Objects Underwater
Authors: Ma Yanfei , Ma Shuanhong , Yang Wufang , Yu Bo , Pei Xiaowei , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of intelligent underwater soft actuators by using stimuli‐responsive polymer materials is of immense scientific interest because of its wide application potential. Inspired by the hunting mechanism of sundews in nature, having rosettes of leaves that are sticky and capable of actuating, a novel structural hydrogel actuator made by high mechanical strength hydrogel poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐acrylic acid)/Fe (PNIPAAm/PAAc‐Fe) with asymmetric structures in its two sides is fabricated, which is defined as structural hydrogel film. The as‐prepared hydrogel actuator can demonstrate reversible bending in response to temperature change (below/above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAAm) or encountering fast solvent exchange between ethanol and water, along with the switching of surface friction/adhesion force. During responsive bending, the actuator can generate large actuation force of ≈21 mN. Meanwhile, the combination of fast‐responsive bending, switchable surface friction, and strong actuation force endows the actuator excellent capacity to reversibly catch and release objects underwater. Especially, the existing fibrillar hydrogel pillars on actuator makes it possible to be used as a manipulator for realizing precise transportation of small objects underwater. The current actuator shows fantastic actuation capacity similar to natural sundews, and provides inspiration for developing novel soft robotics underwater.
Direct Oxidative Disulfenylation/Cyclization of 2′‐Hydroxyacetophenones with Thiophenols for the Synthesis of 2,2‐Dithio‐Benzofuran‐3(2H)‐Ones
Authors: Hu Biao , Zhang Qiaohe , Zhao Siyun , Wang Yanqin , Xu Li , Yan Shengjiao , Yu Fuchao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA direct oxidative disulfenylation/cyclization of 2′‐hydroxyacetophenones with thiophenols mediated by TBAI/K2S2O8 has been successfully developed within this study. The reaction successfully provides an efficient method for the synthesis of functionalized 2,2‐dithio‐benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones, which exhibits readily available starting materials, a broad substrate scope, excellent yields, and large‐scale applicability. In a single step, two C−S bonds and one C−O bond are simultaneously built on the same sp3 carbon atom under transition‐metal‐free conditions.magnified image
Reaction of Quinoline N‐Oxides and Pyridine N‐Oxides with Arylzinc Reagents: Synthesis of 2‐Arylquinolines and 2‐Arylpyridines
Authors: Li Wei‐Ze , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReaction of quinoline N‐oxides and pyridine N‐oxides with arylzinc reagents under transition‐metal‐free conditions was studied. The reaction was carried out in toluene (for quinoline N‐oxides) or THF (for pyridine N‐oxides) at 100 °C and required 2 equiv. of arylzinc loadings and the presence of 2.5 equiv. of TFAA, affording 2‐arylquinolines and 2‐arylpyridines, respectively, in 24% to 95% yields. Functional groups OMe, F, Cl, Br, CF3, C(O)NH2, COOR and NO2 were tolerated. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction of quinoline N‐oxides proceeded via a 2‐arylquinolin‐1(2H)‐olate intermediate, and the reaction of pyridine N‐oxides via a 5‐arylpenta‐2,4‐dienal oxime intermediate.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic α‐Aminophosphonates through N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Enals with α‐Iminophosphonates
Authors: Luo Zhi , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Zhang Chun‐Lin , Chen Kun‐Quan , Ye Song 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed [4+2] annulation of enals with α‐iminophosphonates was developed to give the corresponding cyclic α‐aminophosphonates in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
Morphological trends in arcade shape and size in Middle Pleistocene Homo
Authors: Stelzer Stefanie , Neubauer Simon , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Spoor Fred , Gunz Philipp 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesMiddle Pleistocene fossil hominins, often summarized as Homo heidelbergensis sensu lato, are difficult to interpret due to a fragmentary fossil record and ambiguous combinations of primitive and derived characters. Here, we focus on one aspect of facial shape and analyze shape variation of the dental arcades of these fossils together with other Homo individuals.Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional landmark data were collected on computed tomographic scans and surface scans of Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins (n = 8), Homo erectus s.l. (n = 4), Homo antecessor (n = 1), Homo neanderthalensis (n = 13), recent (n = 52) and fossil (n = 19) Homo sapiens. To increase sample size, we used multiple multivariate regression to reconstruct complementary arches for isolated mandibles, and explored size and shape differences among maxillary arcades.ResultsThe shape of the dental arcade in H. erectus s.l. and H. antecessor differs markedly from both Neanderthals and H. sapiens. The latter two show subtle but consistent differences in arcade length and width. Shape variation among Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins does not exceed the amount of variation of other species, but includes individuals with more primitive and more derived morphology, all more similar to Neanderthals and H. sapiens than to H. erectus s.l.DiscussionAlthough our results cannot reject the hypothesis that the Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins belong to a single species, their shape variation comprises a more primitive morph that represents a likely candidate for the shape of the last common ancestor of Neanderthals and H. sapiens, and a more derived morph resembling Neanderthals. The arcade shape difference between Neanderthals and H. sapiens might be related to different ways to withstand mechanical stress.
Structure and Reactivity of Al−O(H)−Al Moieties in Siloxide Frameworks: Solution and Gas‐Phase Model Studies
Authors: Lokare Kapil Shyam , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Limberg Christian , Jorewitz Marcel , Kelly John T. , Asmis Knut R. , Leach Stephen , Baldauf Carsten , Goikoetxea Itziar , Sauer Joachim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEven though aluminas and aluminosilicates have found widespread application, a consistent molecular understanding of their surface heterogeneity and the behavior of defects resulting from hydroxylation/dehydroxylation remains unclear. Here, we study the well‐defined molecular model compound, [Al3(μ2‐OH)3(THF)3(PhSi(OSiPh2O)3)2], 1, to gain insight into the acid–base reactivity of cyclic trinuclear Al3(μ2‐OH)3 moieties at the atomic level. We find that, like zeolites, they are sufficiently acidic to catalyze the isomerization of olefins. DFT and gas phase vibrational spectroscopy on solvent‐free and deprotonated 1 show that the six‐membered ring structure of its Al3(μ2‐OH)3 core is unstable with respect to deprotonation of one of its hydroxy groups and rearranges into two edge‐sharing four‐membered rings. This renders AlIV−O(H)−AlIV units strong acid sites, and all results together suggest that their acidity is similar to that of zeolitic SiIV−O(H)−AlIV groups.
Deoxygenative Deuteration of Carboxylic Acids with D2O
Authors: Zhang Muliang , Yuan Xiang‐Ai , Zhu Chengjian , Xie Jin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report a general, practical, and scalable means of preparing deuterated aldehydes from aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with D2O as an inexpensive deuterium source. The use of Ph3P as an O‐atom transfer reagent can facilitate the deoxygenation of aromatic acids, while Ph2POEt is a better O‐atom transfer reagent for aliphatic acids. The highly precise deoxygenation of complex carboxylic acids makes this protocol promising for late‐stage deoxygenative deuteration of natural product derivatives and pharmaceutical compounds.
Two validated spectrofluorimeteric and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods with fluorescence detection for the analysis of a new anti‐hepatitis C drug, daclatasvir hydrochloride, in raw material or tablet form and in biological fluids
Authors: Aboshabana Rasha , Shalan Shereen , Eid Manal , El‐Enany Nahed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTwo sensitive and accurate methods have been developed for the estimation of daclatasvir (DAC) in its raw material, dosage form and in biological fluids. Method I is based on the measurement of DAC native fluorescence in methanol at 385 nm after excitation at 315 nm. The relationship between fluorescence intensity and concentration was found to be rectilinear over the linearity range (3.0–30.0 ng/ml). There were good per cent recoveries both in the dosage form (99.87 ± 0.84) and in spiked human plasma (99.96 ± 1.54%). Method II utilized reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography to estimate the antiviral agent daclatasvir hydrochloride against hepatitis C within 4.0 min on a C18 column (Eurosphere. 100‐5 C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, Germany) using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (30:70, v/v) at pH 3.0 and with a fluorescence detector adjusted to 315 nm and 385 nm for excitation and emission respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the range (20.0–200.0 ng/ml) with SD 1.38%, error 0.56%, recovery 99.99 ± 1.30% in tablets, recovery 100.28 ± 1.73% in spiked urine and recovery 99.63 ± 2.72% in spiked plasma.The new developed methods were successfully applied to the assay of the daclatasvir in tablet form and extended to its determination in real plasma, spiked human plasma and urine. The analytical performance of the proposed method was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The proposed methods were compared with the results of a comparison method and it was found that there was no significant difference between the methods, as revealed by Student's t‐test and variance ratio F‐test.
Health‐related quality of life of esophageal cancer patients in daily life after treatment: A multicenter cross‐sectional study in China
Authors: Liu Qian , Zeng Hongmei , Xia Ruyi , Chen Gang , Liu Shuzheng , Zhang Zhiyi , Liu Yuqin , Guo Guizhou , Song Guohui , Zhu Yigong , Wu Xianghong , Song Bingbing , Liao Xianzhen , Chen Yanfang , Wei Wenqiang , Chen Wanqing , Zhuang Guihua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques has prolonged the survival time of patients with esophageal cancer. Little is known, however, about their health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in daily life after treatment.MethodsEsophageal cancer patients who had been discharged from hospitals more than one year and healthy controls identified by screening were recruited from seven study centers covering eastern, central, and western regions of China. Patients were categorized into severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ and stages I, II, III, and IV cancer, respectively. The EQ‐5D was employed to assess HRQoL. Multivariate regression analyses were conducted.ResultsA total of 1456 patients and 2179 controls were recruited. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the likelihood of reporting problems in the five dimensions of patients was 3.8 to 23.1 times higher than controls, whilst the mean EQ‐5D utility score was 0.311 (95% CI, 0.276‐0.346) lower than controls. The mean utility scores of each patient subgroup were 0.158, 0.289, 0.303, 0.296, and 0.505 (95% CIs: 0.108‐0.208, 0.243‐0.336, 0.261‐0.346, 0.244‐0.347, and 0.437‐0.573) lower than controls, respectively. Patients had the greatest impairment in the self‐care dimension compared with controls, followed by the usual activities dimension. Therapeutic regimen, duration of illness, other chronic disease status, age, and marital status also had significant impact on different aspects of HRQoL in patients.ConclusionsEsophageal cancer significantly impaired patients' HRQoL in daily life after treatment. Advanced cancer stages were associated with larger decrements on health state utility. Utility scores reported here can facilitate further cost‐utility analyses.
Suspicious index in Lyme carditis: Systematic review and proposed new risk score
Authors: Besant Georgia , Wan Douglas , Yeung Cynthia , Blakely Crystal , Branscombe Pamela , Suarez‐Fuster Laiden , Redfearn Damian , Simpson Christopher , Abdollah Hoshiar , Glover Benedict , Baranchuk Adrian 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundLyme carditis (LC), an early manifestation of Lyme disease that most commonly presents as high‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB), usually resolves with antibiotic treatment. When LC is not identified as the cause of AVB, a permanent pacemaker may be inappropriately implanted in a reversible cardiac conduction disorder.HypothesisThe likelihood that a patient's high‐degree AVB is caused by LC can be evaluated by clinical characteristics incorporated into a risk stratification tool.MethodsA systematic review of all published cases of LC with high‐degree AVB, and five cases from the authors' experience, was conducted. The results informed the development of a new risk stratification tool, the Suspicious Index in LC (SILC) score. The SILC score was then applied to each case included in the review.ResultsOf the 88 cases included, 51 (58%) were high‐risk, 31 (35.2%) intermediate‐risk, and 6 (6.8%) low‐risk for LC according to the SILC score (sensitivity 93.2%). For the subset of 32 cases that reported on all SILC variables, 24 (75%) cases were classified as high‐risk, 8 (25%) intermediate‐risk, and 0 low‐risk (sensitivity 100%). Specificity could not be assessed (no control group). Notably, 6 of the 11 patients who received permanent pacemakers had reversal of AVB with antibiotic treatment.ConclusionThe SILC risk score and COSTAR mnemonic (constitutional symptoms; outdoor activity; sex = male; tick bite; age < 50; rash = erythema migrans) may help to identify LC in patients presenting with high‐degree AVB, and ultimately, minimize the implantation of unnecessary permanent pacemakers.
Brentuximab vedotin for recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A report from the EBMT Lymphoma Working Party
Authors: Bazarbachi Ali , Boumendil Ariane , Finel Hervé , Mohty Mohamad , Castagna Luca , Blaise Didier , Peggs Karl S. , Afanasyev Boris , Diez‐Martin J.L. , Corradini Paolo , Michonneau David , Robinson Stephen , Gutiérrez García Gonzalo , Bonifazi Francesca , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Gülbas Zafer , Bloor Adrian , Delage Jeremy , Esquirol Albert , Malladi Ram , Scheid Christof , El‐Cheikh Jean , Ghesquières Hervé , Montoto Silvia , Dreger Peter , Sureda Anna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) who develop disease progression after undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) remains challenging.MethodsThe authors assessed outcomes in 184 adult patients with HL who developed disease recurrence or progression after a matched related or unrelated allo‐SCT at European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation–participating centers between 2010 and 2014.ResultsEighty patients who received brentuximab vedotin (BV) salvage therapy were compared with 104 patients who did not. Patients in the BV group were younger (median age of 30 years vs 34 years) and were more likely to receive pretransplant BV (65% vs 46%) or posttransplant donor lymphocyte infusion (66% vs 33%). The 2 groups otherwise were comparable. Patients in the BV group received a median of 6 doses of posttransplant BV, resulting in a complete remission rate of 29%, a partial response rate of 45%, and a stable disease rate of 26%. Response to BV after allo‐SCT did not appear to be affected by receipt of pretransplant BV. Despite a longer median follow‐up for surviving patients in the BV group (33 months vs 23 months; P<.001), approximately 34% of the original BV cohort were alive and in CR at the time of last follow‐up versus 18% in the group that did not receive BV (P=.003). The use of BV before donor lymphocyte infusion was found to be associated with the highest probability of being alive and in CR (40%) at the time of last follow‐up. Salvage BV appeared to have no effect on chronic graft‐versus‐host disease or 1‐year overall survival from the time of disease recurrence after allo‐SCT (76% vs 67%).ConclusionsBV is a safe and effective salvage therapy for patients with HL who develop disease recurrence or progression after undergoing allo‐SCT, even after prior exposure to BV.
The addition of cixutumumab or temozolomide to intensive multiagent chemotherapy is feasible but does not improve outcome for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Malempati Suman , Weigel Brenda J. , Chi Yueh‐Yun , Tian Jing , Anderson James R. , Parham David M. , Teot Lisa A. , Rodeberg David A. , Yock Torunn I. , Shulkin Barry L. , Spunt Sheri L. , Meyer William H. , Hawkins Douglas S. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe outcome for patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) remains poor. A previous Children’s Oncology Group (COG) study (ARST0431) for patients with metastatic RMS produced no improvement in outcome using multiple cytotoxic agents in a dose‐intensive manner. The authors report results from the subsequent COG study (ARST08P1), which evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of adding cixutumumab (insulin‐like growth factor‐1 monoclonal antibody) or temozolomide to the ARST0431 intensive chemotherapy backbone.MethodsTwo nonrandomized pilot studies were conducted in patients with metastatic RMS, initially to determine feasibility, and both pilots were expanded to assess efficacy. All patients received 54 weeks of chemotherapy, including vincristine/irinotecan, interval‐compressed vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide alternating with ifosfamide/etoposide, and vincristine/dactinomycin/cyclophosphamide. In pilot 1, patients received intravenous cixutumumab (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg) once weekly throughout therapy. In pilot 2, patients received oral temozolomide (100 mg/m2) daily for 5 days with irinotecan. All patients received radiation to the primary tumor and to metastatic sites.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐eight eligible patients were enrolled (97 on pilot 1 and 71 on pilot 2). Most patients were aged ≥10 years (73%), with alveolar histology (70%), and had bone and/or bone marrow metastases (59%). Toxicities observed in each pilot were similar to those reported on ARST0431. With a median follow‐up of 2.9 years, the 3‐year event‐free survival rate was 16% (95% confidence interval, 7%‐25%) with cixutumumab and 18% (95% confidence interval, 2%‐35%) with temozolomide.ConclusionsThe addition of cixutumumab or temozolomide to intensive multiagent chemotherapy for metastatic RMS was safe and feasible. Neither agent improved outcome compared with the same chemotherapy that was used on ARST0431.
Overview of PCR
Authors: Kuslich Christine D. , Chui Buena , Yamashiro Carl T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revolutionized molecular biology and has enabled many other technologies and applications commonly used in research, and is part of many life science products. This unit will cover the basic principles of PCR, including how to carry out PCR in a laboratory that has not used this powerful technique previously. In addition, a number of different applications utilizing the basic PCR technique will be described. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Profiles of vagal withdrawal to challenging interactions: Links with preschoolers’ conceptual shifting ability
Authors: Scrimin Sara , Patron Elisabetta , Lanfranchi Silvia , Moscardino Ughetta , Palomba Daniela , Mason Lucia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe current study investigated profiles of vagal withdrawal in response to a challenging task in preschoolers. Also, the association between those profiles and conceptual shifting ability was assessed. Electrocardiogram of 43 four‐year‐olds was registered during a sequence of games including a win phase and a lose phase, while conceptual shifting ability was assessed via a standardized test. Cluster analyses revealed three profiles of cardiac vagal response to the task. Children in the first cluster displayed significant vagal withdrawal, children in the second cluster showed nonsignificant vagal withdrawal, while children in the third group displayed vagal augmentation to the challenge. These profiles differentiated preschoolers’ conceptual shifting ability. Specifically, children with vagal withdrawal had the best performance in categorization and flexibility tasks and committed fewer perseverative errors compared to children who showed blunted vagal withdrawal or vagal augmentation to the challenge. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.