bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Pharmacological Sleep‐Promotion and Pain Control: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bjurström Martin F. , Irwin Michael R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleep macrostructure is commonly disturbed after surgery. Postoperative pain control remains challenging. Given the bidirectional interaction between sleep and pain, understanding the role of modulation of sleep during the perioperative period on postoperative pain is needed.MethodsThis was a systematic review. Controlled trials examining the effects of perioperative sleep‐promoting pharmacological agents on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption were identified through a systematic search strategy utilizing multiple electronic databases.ResultsFourteen studies (9 melatonin, 5 zolpidem) involving 921 patients (melatonin n = 586, zolpidem n = 335) were included. Compared to placebo, melatonin reduced postoperative pain scores by ≥30% and significantly decreased opioid consumption in 3 studies (postoperative day [POD] 1–2), whereas 4 studies reported no significant effect of melatonin on postoperative pain. Compared to placebo, zolpidem reduced postoperative pain scores during POD1–7/POD1–14 in 2 studies, but only 1 trial suggested clinically meaningful improvement (ie, relative reduction of pain score ≥ 30%). Whereas 3 zolpidem trials showed no significant differences regarding postoperative pain ratings, zolpidem treatment was associated with decreased analgesic consumption in 4 out of 5 trials. Several limitations of the included studies were identified; only 1 study out of 14 was deemed to be at low risk of bias, and heterogeneity of the study design and outcome assessment precluded meta‐analysis.ConclusionPerioperative addition of a sleep‐promoting pharmacological agent may improve pain control, but underlying evidence is weak and results are inconsistent. Only 5 of the 14 studies objectively evaluated changes in sleep (polysomnography, 2 zolpidem studies; actigraphy, 3 melatonin studies), which complicates conclusions regarding links between perioperative sleep and pain.
Acanthosis nigricans, hypochondroplasia, and FGFR3 mutations: Findings with five new patients, and a review of the literature
Authors: Muguet Guenot Louise , Aubert Helene , Isidor Bertrand , Toutain Annick , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette , Collet Corinne , Bourrat Emmanuelle , Denis Musquer Marie , Barbarot Sébastien ,   the Groupe de Recherche de la Société Française de Dermatologie Pédiatrique
Published: February 2019

AbstractEarly development of extensive acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a key feature in some patients who have hypochondroplasia (HCH) in association with FGFR3 mutations. We here report regarding five new patients with HCH who exhibited AN, and we compare their characteristics to the eight patients previously described in the literature. In these patients, the AN lesions began in childhood, and they were extensive. These lesions were located on the torso, the abdomen, and the face, in addition to the typical skin fold sites. Other skin lesions were frequently reported: café‐au‐lait macules, melanocytic nevi, lentigines, and seborrheic keratosis. The Lys650Thr mutation was the predominant reported mutation of FGFR3.
Methodological considerations for conducting focus groups in HIV prevention research among Black men who have sex with men
Authors: White Jordan J. , Dangerfield Derek T. , Grieb Suzanne M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionFocus groups are an important learning tool in HIV prevention research among U.S. Black men who have sex with men (BMSM), for whom incidence persists. Focus groups are useful in designing interventions, but many have struggled to engage BMSM in research. To optimize the utility of focus group methodology on HIV prevention among BMSM, this paper offers methodological considerations for conducting and managing focus groups with BMSM.MethodsPerspectives come from the process of conducting nine focus groups (N = 52) to explore the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of BMSM in Baltimore City and how these concepts could be used to inform local HIV prevention interventions.ResultsThemes from field notes captured important concepts to consider regarding the following: recruitment and retention, recruiting from within the social network, screening for HIV status, focus group stratification, and focus group facilitation.DiscussionConsiderations and recommendations for mitigating the challenges in focus group research and enriching data collection with BMSM are outlined.
The challenges of upward regulatory harmonization: The case of sustainability reporting in the European Union
Authors: Kinderman Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhat are the prospects for the upward harmonization of regulatory standards, and why do governments support or oppose more stringent supranational regulation? To answer these questions, this paper examines an important case of upward regulatory harmonization, the European Union's non‐financial disclosure Directive 2014/95/EU, which requires large firms to report on their social, environmental, and human rights impacts. In spite of favorable circumstances, the Directive's opponents watered down the Commission's proposal during the course of the negotiations. Upward regulatory harmonization is difficult because of the adjustment costs it imposes on the private sector. The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of countries’ positions in the negotiations: Germany was the most hardline opponent, France the strongest supporter, and the United Kingdom was somewhere in‐between. For most countries, private sector adjustment costs determine government support and opposition for upward harmonization at the supranational level, but the analysis shows that partisan politics and varieties of capitalism also matter.
Importance of rapid management in painful progressive ulcerative lesions in elderly immunosuppressed patients: Two case reports
Authors: Vieira Esteves Camilla , Yanaguizawa Wellington H. , Lemos Celso A. , Alves Fábio A. , de Almeida Oslei Paes , Sugaya Norberto Nobuo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOral manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are not so frequent, and the lesions may emerge in immunosuppressed patients as a secondary expression of pulmonary TB. The following two case reports focus on the clinical challenge of early diagnosis of painful ulcerative lesions in oral mucosa that occurred in two senior females, both human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, however receiving immunosuppressing medication. The patients did not present classic symptoms of TB. Nevertheless, based on different studies, extrapulmonary TB should still be considered as differential diagnosis for the oral mucosa lesions developed by these patients.
Beyond economic insecurity and cultural backlash: Economic nationalism and the rise of the far right
Authors: Ausserladscheider Valentina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFar‐right parties gain in electoral support across the globe. Studies describe this phenomenon either as a cultural backlash or as a reaction to growing economic inequality. The economic inequality perspective suggests that the transforming workforce in post‐industrial societies gives rise to economic insecurity among those who feel left behind. In contrast, the cultural backlash thesis argues that the increasing support for far‐right parties represents a rejection of values such as cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism. More recent scholarship sought to show how economic and cultural factors combined increase the support for the far right. Most of these studies investigate public opinion polls, voting behaviour, and voters´ socio‐economic contexts. This paper reviews these studies and argues that the way in which far‐right political parties construct an interconnection of economic and cultural ideas in discourse is largely neglected in the existing body of literature. The paper concludes that the concept of economic nationalism captures how these two components are intertwined; economic nationalist discourse in far‐right political manifestos and speeches provides a more complete comprehension how public opinion is being shaped. This contribution offers a starting point for future studies to examine how cultural values, such as nationalism, reconstruct and influence articulation of economic policy.
Genetic differentiation and host preference reveal non‐exclusive host races in the generalist parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa
Authors: Stojanova B , Delourme R , Duffé P , Delavault P , Simier P 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe developed 20 microsatellite markers to genotype over 100 populations of the parasitic weed Phelipanche ramosa, which covers a wide host crop and geographic range. A representative core collection of 15 populations was also used in cross‐infestation assays to study host preference during germination, attachment and shoot formation. We observed low genetic differentiation within most of the populations, but high genetic differentiation between populations partitioned into 3 genetic groups with different host preferences and geographic distributions. Genetic group 1 is detected exclusively in western France and on various host crops, notably winter oilseed rape (WOSR) and not hemp. Cross‐infection assays confirmed its incompatibility with hemp and showed its preference for WOSR and tobacco in terms of germination and attachment success. The group 2 populations share a large geographic distribution in France and Europe, low germination success with WOSR and high germination success, attachment success and shoot formation with hemp, tobacco or tomato. The subclades 2a and 2b include most of the French populations in hemp crops in eastern France and in tobacco fields in several European countries respectively. The genetic analyses revealed the potential of the three groups to increase their geographic range in the future. Intermediate genetic groups showed higher intrapopulation diversity and represent potential stocks for new host race emergence. Those findings argue in favour of the existence of host races in P. ramosa and should be considered for appropriate management strategies, notably in breeding programmes for resistance against this parasitic weed.
Novel specific human and mouse stromelysin‐1 (MMP‐3) and stromelysin‐2 (MMP‐10) antibodies for biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses
Authors: Mirastschijski Ursula , Dinesh Nilima , Baskaran Sudarson , Wedekind Dirk , Gavrilovic Jelena , Murray Megan Y. , Bevan Damon , Kelm Sørge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of more than 25 zinc‐dependent enzymes that are centrally involved in cellular migration, tissue remodeling, cancer invasion and metastasis. Besides degrading extracellular matrix proteins, MMPs are crucial for growth factor and cytokine release and activation. At the same time, they can inactivate inflammatory mediators and enzymes themselves through protein degradation. Subclasses of MMPs include collagenases, gelatinases, stromelysins, membrane‐bound MMPs, and others. With regard to the stromelysin subfamily, three members exist, e.g., stromelysin‐1 (MMP‐3), stromelysin‐2 (MMP‐10), and stromelysin‐3 (MMP‐11). MMP‐3, and MMP‐10 share extensive similarities at the amino acid level that made it difficult to develop specific antibodies distinguishing between MMP‐3 and MMP‐10. Scrutinizing published data on and performing different analyses with detection of both stromelysins with commercially available or lab‐made antibodies showed ambiguous results with regard to specificity of antibodies used to date. We developed new specific antibodies against the most divergent parts of the active forms of both proteins. We assessed the specificity of our novel specific anti‐human and anti‐mouse MMP‐3 and MMP‐10 antibodies in cell lysates and different human and murine skin tissues. Tests analyzing specificity of the novel antibodies included Western immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections. Analyses demonstrated specific detection of respective protein for human or mouse samples except for the anti‐human MMP‐3 antibody. The aim of this summary was to call attention the MMP research community to distinguish clearly between both enzymes. Our new specific anti‐mouse MMP‐3 and both MMP‐10 antibodies allow us to address this detection problem and to enable comparative studies between both stromelysins with regard to their respective location and function in the tissue.
Visibilidad y tendencias teóricas de la educación para la salud en cuatro países de América Latina, 2003-2013
Authors: López Ríos Jennifer Marcela , Molina Berrío Diana Patricia , Peñaranda Correa Fernando 
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: analizar las investigaciones realizadas en América Latina sobre educación para la salud durante los últimos diez años, identificando los diferentes desarrollos conceptuales propuestos sobre el tema y las críticas que se le formulan. Método: investigación cualitativa mediante un estado del arte; se analizaron cuarenta artículos de Brasil, Colombia, Cuba y México derivados de las búsquedas realizadas en Pubmed, Lilacs, Redalyc, Scielo, Ovid, Science Direct, Oxford Journals y Dialnet. Resultado: la educación para la salud es un campo multifocal, polisémico, con diferentes propósitos y tendencias teóricas. Se encontró que la mayoría de los autores se ocuparon de asumi una postura frente a ella, peo pocos se dieron a la tarea de conceptualizar la educación y la salud. Conclusión: se perciben diferentes visiones sobre educación para la salud; sin embargo, se cuestiona la poca articulación que se vislumbra en los artículos entre la teoría y la práctica en el tema.
Investigation of Applicability of Transporting Water Mist for Cooling Turbine Blades
Authors: Wang Ting , Ragab Reda 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a numerical study to investigate the feasibility of transporting water mist to the rotating blades of a high-pressure turbine. The idea of using mist film cooling to enhance conventional air cooling has been proven to be a feasible technique under laboratory conditions. However, there are challenges in implementing this scheme for real gas turbine systems. The first challenge is how to transport the mist to the rotating blades and the second challenge is delivering the mist to the injection holes and getting the particles to survive within the harsh gas turbine environment. Both a zero-dimensional mist evaporation analytical model and a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) scheme are employed for analysis. In the CFD simulation, the Lagrangian–Eulerian method is used along with the discrete phase model (DPM) to track the evaporation process of each individual water droplet. For transporting the mist to the blades, the high-pressure water mist is injected into the stream of cooling air extracted from the compressor through two different passages. The first passage passes through the rotor cover-plate cavity before entering the blade base. The second passage passes through a diaphragm box on the base of the second vane, then tangentially through a cooling passage in the rotating shaft, and eventually to the blade base. The results show that it is feasible to transport the mist from the turbine casing to the blade through both passages, provided that droplets with sufficient particle diameter and mist loading are used. The shorter passage, through the nozzle diaphragm, alleviates a lot of challenges facing the passage through the blade cavity and seems to be more practical. A side benefit of transporting mist through the internal passages is the additional cooling of the preswirler and rotor cover plates. The results are encouraging for implementing the mist cooling technique under real gas turbine conditions.
Discussion: “Second Law Analysis of Magneto-Micropolar Fluid Flow Between Parallel Porous Plates” (Kosarineia, A., and Sharhani, S., 2018, ASME J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl., 10(4), 041017)
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The present discussion queries some results included in the paper.
Effectiveness and safety of electronically delivered prescribing feedback and decision support on antibiotic use for respiratory illness in primary care: REDUCE cluster randomised trial
Authors: Gulliford Martin C , Prevost A Toby , Charlton Judith , Juszczyk Dorota , Soames Jamie , McDermott Lisa , Sultana Kirin , Wright Mark , Fox Robin , Hay Alastair D , Little Paul , Moore Michael V , Yardley Lucy , Ashworth Mark 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety at population scale of electronically delivered prescribing feedback and decision support interventions at reducing antibiotic prescribing for self limiting respiratory tract infections.

Design
Open label, two arm, cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting
UK general practices in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, randomised between 11 November 2015 and 9 August 2016, with final follow-up on 9 August 2017.

Participants
79 general practices (582 675 patient years) randomised (1:1) to antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention or usual care.

Interventions
AMS intervention comprised a brief training webinar, automated monthly feedback reports of antibiotic prescribing, and electronic decision support tools to inform appropriate prescribing over 12 months. Intervention components were delivered electronically, supported by a local practice champion nominated for the trial.

Main outcome measures
Primary outcome was the rate of antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections from electronic health records. Serious bacterial complications were evaluated for safety. Analysis was by Poisson regression with general practice as a random effect, adjusting for covariates. Prespecified subgroup analyses by age group were reported.

Results
The trial included 41 AMS practices (323 155 patient years) and 38 usual care practices (259 520 patient years). Unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios for antibiotic prescribing were 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.68 to 1.16) and 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99, P=0.04), respectively, with prescribing rates of 98.7 per 1000 patient years for AMS (31 907 prescriptions) and 107.6 per 1000 patient years for usual care (27 923 prescriptions). Antibiotic prescribing was reduced most in adults aged 15-84 years (adjusted rate ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 0.95), with one antibiotic prescription per year avoided for every 62 patients (95% confidence interval 40 to 200). There was no evidence of effect for children younger than 15 years (adjusted rate ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 1.12) or people aged 85 years and older (0.97, 0.79 to 1.18); there was also no evidence of an increase in serious bacterial complications (0.92, 0.74 to 1.13).

Conclusions
Electronically delivered interventions, integrated into practice workflow, result in moderate reductions of antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in adults, which are likely to be of importance for public health. Antibiotic prescribing to very young or old patients requires further evaluation.

Trial registration
ISRCTN95232781.
Intraoperative evoked potential monitoring for detecting cerebral injury during adult aneurysm clipping surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Zhu Fang , Chui Jason , Herrick Ian , Martin Janet 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of intraoperative evoked potential (EP) monitoring to detect cerebral injury during clipping of cerebral aneurysms.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMajor electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS.Eligibility criteriaWe included studies that reported the DTA of intraoperative EP monitoring during intracranial aneurysm clipping procedures in adult patients.Data extraction and synthesisAfter quality assessment, we performed a meta-analysis using the bivariate random effects model, and calculated the possible range of DTA point estimates using a new best-case/worst-case scenario approach to quantify the impact of rescue intervention on DTA.ResultsA total of 35 studies involving 4011 patients were included. The quality of the primary studies was modest and the heterogeneity across studies was high. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for predicting postoperative neurological deficits for the somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring was 59% (95% CI: 39% to 76%; I2: 76%) and 86% (95% CI: 77% to 92%; I2: 94%), for motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring was 81% (95% CI: 58% to 93%; I2: 54%) and 90% (95% CI: 86% to 93%; I2: 81%), and for combined SSEP and MEP monitoring was 92% (95% CI: 62% to 100%) and 88% (95% CI: 83% to 93%). The best-case/worst-case range for the pooled point estimates for sensitivity and specificity for SSEP was 50%–63% and 81%–100%, and for MEP was 59%–74% and 93%–100%, and for combined SSEP and MEP was 89%–94% and 83%–100%.ConclusionsDue to the modest quality and high heterogeneity of the existing primary studies, it is not possible to confidently support or refute the diagnostic value of EP monitoring in cerebral aneurysm clipping surgery. However, combined SSEP and MEP appears to provide the best DTA for predicting postoperative stroke. Contrary to popular assertion, the modest sensitivity of SSEP monitoring is not explained by the use of rescue intervention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015016884.
Prediction of fetal loss in Chinese pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wu Jiayue , Zhang Wei-Hong , Ma Jinghang , Bao Chunde , Liu Jinlin , Di Wen 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo develop a predictive model for fetal loss in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingData were collected in a tertiary medical centre, located in Shanghai, China, from September 2011 to May 2017.Participants338 pregnancies with SLE were analysed retrospectively. Cases of multiple pregnancy and those in which artificial abortion was performed for personal reasons were excluded.Primary outcome measuresFetal loss was the primary outcome. A stepwise regression to identify the predictors related to the fetal loss and coefficient B of each variable was used to develop a predictive model and make a corresponding risk classification. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Omnibus test and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to assess the goodness-of-fit and discrimination of the predictive model. A 10-fold cross validation was used to assess the model for overfitting.ResultsUnplanned pregnancies (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.12 to 7.22), C3hypocomplementemia (OR 5.46, 95% CI 2.30 to 12.97) and 24 hour-urinary protein level (0.3≤protein<1.0 g/24 hours: OR 2.10, 95% CI 0.63 to 6.95; protein≥1.0 g/24 hours: OR 5.89, 95% CI 2.30 to 15.06) were selected by the stepwise regression. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test resulted in p=0.325; the Omnibus test resulted in p<0.001 and the AUC was 0.829 (95% CI 0.744 to 0.91) in the regression model. The corresponding risk score classification was divided into low risk (0–3) and high risk groups (>3), with a sensitivity of 60.5%, a specificity of 93.3%, positive likelihood ratio of 9.03 and negative likelihood ratio of 0.42.ConclusionsA predictive model for fetal loss in women with SLE was developed using the timing of conception, C3complement and 24 hour-urinary protein level. This model may help clinicians in identifying women with high risk pregnancies, thereby carrying out monitoring or/and interventions for improving fetal outcomes.