bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage in barrel racing horses in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States
Authors: Gold Jenifer R. , Knowles Donald P. , Coffey Todd , Bayly Warwick M. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundExercise‐induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) refers to bleeding from the lungs in association with strenuous exercise. It has been documented in race horses but little information exists on EIPH in barrel racing horses.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur goals were to evaluate the presence of EIPH in barrel racing horses and estimate its prevalence in the Pacific Northwest.Animals149 barrel racing horses enrolled at events in WA (11), ID (3), and MT (33).MethodsObservational cross‐sectional study. Data collected included signalment, history of illness, respiratory disease, race division, and pre‐race medications. Endoscopy was performed and tracheobronchoscopic (TBE) EIPH score was assigned based on quantity of blood in the trachea (0 = no blood to 4 = abundance of blood within the trachea). After TBE, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. Erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) counts were obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Statistical analysis included linear and logistic regression, Fisher's exactttest, and calculation of correlation coefficient. Significance was set atP < .05.ResultsThe prevalence of EIPH based on TBE EIPH score was 54%. When based on BALF RBC count >1,000 cells, EIPH prevalence was 66%. Race time did not significantly affect the presence of EIPH. A significant (P < .0001) positive linear relationship between the TBE and BAL erythrocyte count was identified, but its strength was poor (r2 = .15).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEIPH occurs in over 50% of barrel racing horses in the Pacific Northwest. Precise determination of the impact of EIPH on health of barrel racers requires further study.
Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection
Authors: Pereira Giorgio Q. , Gomes Lucas A. , Santos Iago S. , Alfieri Alice F. , Weese J. S. , Costa Marcio C. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundDiarrhea associated with parvovirus infection is common in dogs. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment, but recovery may be prolonged and mortality rate can be high. Modification of the intestinal bacterial microbiota has been promising in human and veterinary medicine as an adjunctive treatment of various enteric diseases.ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on the clinical recovery of puppies with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome.AnimalsSixty‐six puppies with parvovirus infection were evaluated at 2 veterinary hospitals.MethodsRandomized clinical trial. Puppies were randomly distributed into 2 groups: standard treatment (STD) and standard treatment + FMT (STD + FMT). The STD puppies (n = 33) received only treatment with IV fluids and antimicrobials and the STD + FMT puppies (n = 33) received FMT in addition to standard treatment. For FMT, 10 g of feces from a healthy dog diluted in 10 mL of saline were administered rectally 6‐12 hours post‐admission.ResultsAmong survivors, treatment with FMT was associated with faster resolution of diarrhea (P < .001) and shorter hospitalization time (P = .001; median, 3 days in STD + FMT; median, 6 days in STD) compared to standard treatment. Mortality in STD was 36.4% (12/33) as compared to 21.2% (7/33) in puppies treated with FMT, but there was no statistical difference between groups (P = .174). Polymerase chain reaction indicated that all animals carried canine parvovirus, strain CPV‐2b.ConclusionsFecal microbiota transplantation in parvovirus‐infected puppies was associated with faster resolution of diarrhea.
Effect of sucralfate on gastric permeability in an ex vivo model of stress‐related mucosal disease in dogs
Authors: Hill Tracy L. , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Blikslager Anthony T. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundSucralfate is a gastroprotectant with no known systemic effects. The efficacy of sucralfate for prevention and treatment of stress‐related mucosal diseases (SRMD) in dogs is unknown.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo develop a canine ex vivo model of SRMD and to determine the effect of sucralfate on mucosal barrier function in this model.AnimalsGastric antral mucosa was collected immediately postmortem from 29 random‐source apparently healthy dogs euthanized at a local animal control facility.MethodsRandomized experimental trial. Sucralfate (100 mg/mL) was applied to ex vivo canine gastric mucosa concurrent with and after acid injury. Barrier function was assessed by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and radiolabeled mannitol flux.ResultsApplication of acidified Ringers solution to the mucosal side of gastric antrum caused a reduction in gastric barrier function, and washout of acidified Ringers solution allowed recovery of barrier function (TER: 34.0 ± 2.8% of control at maximum injury, 71.3 ± 5.5% at recovery, P < .001). Sucralfate application at the time of injury or after injury significantly hastened recovery of barrier function (TER: 118.0 ± 15.2% of control at maximum injury, P < .001 and 111.0 ± 15.5% at recovery, P = .35).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSucralfate appeared effective at restoring defects in gastric barrier function induced by acid and accelerating repair of tissues subjected to acid in this model, suggesting that sucralfate could have utility for the treatment and prevention of SRMD in dogs.
Functional characterization of the citrus canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1
Authors: Duan Shuo , Jia Hongge , Pang Zhiqian , Teper Doron , White Frank , Jones Jeffrey , Zhou Changyong , Wang Nian 
Published: February 2018

SummaryXanthomonas citri ssp. citri (Xcc) is an important plant‐pathogenic bacterium that causes citrus canker disease worldwide. PthA, a transcriptional activator‐like (TAL) effector, directs the expression of the canker susceptibility gene CsLOB1. Here, we report our recent progress in the functional characterization of CsLOB1. Subcellular localization analysis of CsLOB1 protein in citrus protoplast revealed that CsLOB1 is primarily localized in the nucleus. We showed that CsLOB1 expression driven by dexamethasone (DEX) in CsLOB1‐GR transgenic plants is associated with pustule formation following treatment with DEX. Pustule formation was not observed in DEX‐treated wild‐type plants and in non‐treated CsLOB1‐GR transgenic plants. Water soaking is typically associated with symptoms of citrus canker. Weaker water soaking was observed with pustule formation in CsLOB1‐GR transgenic plants following DEX treatment. When CsLOB1‐GR‐transgenic Duncan grapefruit leaves were inoculated with Xcc306ΔpthA4 and treated with DEX, typical canker symptoms, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia and water soaking symptoms, were observed on DEX‐treated transgenic plant leaves, but not on mock‐treated plants. Twelve citrus genes that are induced by PthA4 are also stimulated by the DEX‐induced expression of CsLOB1. As CsLOB1 acts as a transcriptional factor, we identified putative targets of CsLOB1 via bioinformatic and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Cs2g20600, which encodes a zinc finger C3HC4‐type RING finger protein, has been identified to be a direct target of CsLOB1. This study advances our understanding of the function of CsLOB1 and the molecular mechanism of how Xcc causes canker symptoms via CsLOB1.
Experimental study on TGF‐β1‐mediated CD147 expression in oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Wang W , Xiong H , Hu Z , Zhao R , Hu Y , Chen W , Han Y , Yang L , Hu X , Wang C , Mao T , Xia K , Su T 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveAlthough previous evidence indicates that CD147 is closely involved in the progression of organ fibrosis and various signaling pathways have been proven to regulate its expression, the role of CD147 in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remains largely unknown.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the expression of CD147 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) in human samples of an OSF tissue array by immunohistopathology. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between CD147 and TGF‐β1. Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to investigate to levels of CD147 in Human Oral Keratinocytes (HOKs) followed by TGF‐β1 or LY2157299, an inhibitor of TGF‐β1 receptor and arecoline stimulation.ResultsWe found that CD147 was highly expressed in both HOKs and the fibrotic oral mucosa and that this expression was correlated with TGF‐β1 expression. Additionally, CD147 levels were significantly associated with the fibrosis stage. The TGF‐β1 signaling pathway was found to be mainly responsible for CD147 up‐regulation after arecoline treatment whereas inhibition of TGF‐β1 down‐regulated CD147 expression.ConclusionOur findings suggest arecoline promotes CD147 expression via the TGF‐β1 signaling pathway in HOKs, whereas overexpression of CD147 may promote OSF progression.
Urinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein in pediatric nephrotic syndrome and tubular dysfunction
Authors: Nishida Masashi , Kawakatsu Hidekazu , Hamaoka Kenji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundUrinary liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (uL‐FABP) has recently been identified as a biomarker for kidney injury. uL‐FABP excretion in pediatric relapsing nephrotic syndrome and tubular dysfunction, however, has not been reported previously.MethodsWe measured uL‐FABP level in children with steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), in those with tubular dysfunction, and in control subjects.ResultsuL‐FABP was markedly increased in relapsing SSNS (median, 30.3 μg/gCr; range, 12.6–171.0 μg/gCr; n = 13), and also in the tubular dysfunction group (median, 164.8 μg/gCr; range, 41.6–834.5 μg/gCr; n = 7), compared with the control subjects (median, 3.0 μg/gCr; range, 1.1–13.9 μg/gCr; n = 21). uL‐FABP level was significantly correlated with urinary protein excretion in the SSNS group, and in the total group. Additionally, in the SSNS group, elevated uL‐FABP in the relapsing stage returned to a level similar to that in the control group on remission of NS. In the tubular dysfunction group, uL‐FABP was significantly correlated with urinary β2‐microglobulin.ConclusionUrinary protein amount, and the ability of the proximal tubules to reabsorb low‐molecular‐weight proteins, should also be considered when evaluating the clinical significance of uL‐FABP as a biomarker for kidney injury in children.
Thyroid function in asphyxiated newborns who received hypothermia therapy
Authors: Kobayashi Akira , Usuda Touhei , Wada Masaki , Kaneko Takayuki , Kojima Kinuko , Saitoh Akihiko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThyroid function in asphyxiated newborns who received hypothermia therapy and its relation to neurological outcome are not well described.MethodsWe performed a prospective study to measure thyroid function in 12 asphyxiated newborns who received hypothermia therapy. We measured serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) on admission, at 24, 72, and 96 h after birth, and at discharge (range, 17–54 days). The 12 newborns were divided into two groups based on the presence of brain injury on head magnetic resonance imaging (six in the abnormal imaging group and six in the normal imaging group), and thyroid function was compared between the two groups.ResultsSerum TSH was within the normal range in the 12 newborns. Serum FT3 and FT4 remained low at 24, 72, and 96 h after birth, and returned to normal range at discharge in the 12 newborns. There was no significant difference in serum TSH between the two groups, but serum FT3 at 96 h after birth, and serum FT4 at 72 and 96 h after birth, were significantly lower in the abnormal imaging group than in the normal imaging group (P = 0.02; P = 0.03; and P = 0.01, respectively).ConclusionsAsphyxiated newborns have transient low thyroid hormone levels at 24–96 h after birth. Serum FT3 and FT4 between 72 and 96 h after birth may predict brain injury in asphyxiated newborns.
Communicating the Vision: How Face‐to‐Face Dialogue Facilitates Transformational Leadership
Authors: Jensen Ulrich Thy , Moynihan Donald P. , Salomonsen Heidi Houlberg 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
For public managers facing political and structural constraints, transformational leadership promises to meaningfully improve outcomes by communicating an inspiring vision of the organization. But this promise rests to a great degree on the communication skills and behaviors of the leader. A better understanding of how transformational leadership functions in organizations therefore requires a deeper application of theory from the field of communications. This article explores the question of what communication behaviors facilitate transformational leadership. A media richness framework is applied to propose that transformational leaders will be most effective when employing a face‐to‐face dialogue approach to communication. Using a multisource longitudinal research design, the authors find support for this proposition in an empirical test of 256 Danish tax units, lower and upper secondary schools, child care centers, and bank branches. The findings also show that size matters, with diminishing effectiveness of face‐to‐face dialogue in larger organizations.
Exploring complaints by female and male patients at Swedish hospitals using a probabilistic graphical model
Authors: Eriksson Erik Masao , Raharjo Hendry , Gustavsson Susanne 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundPatients’ complaints have been highlighted as important for constructively improving healthcare services. In so doing, it may be important to identify disparities in experiences based on patients’ demographics, such as sex.AimTo explore hospital recorded complaints addressing potential sex differences and whether complaints were reported by the patient or a relative.MethodsQuantitative study of all 835 closed patient complaints during 2013 at three mid‐sized hospitals in Sweden. The complaints were categorisation based on perceived quality theory and analysed using a probabilistic graphical model. The findings were validated through qualitative interviews.FindingsFemale patients were more likely than male patients to report dissatisfaction with interpersonal issues, whereas male patients were more likely to report dissatisfaction with administration. If a complaint from a male patient had been reported by a relative, the matter was more likely to be interpersonal. Improvement suggestions were predominantly reported by staff. However, patients and relatives proved more likely than staff to report improvement suggestions when dissatisfied with interpersonal matters.ConclusionUsing a Bayesian network, this article suggests that complaints in health care should be more holistically understood and the factors should be viewed as interconnected. This article addresses complaints as an important source of identifying not only perceived healthcare deficiencies and sex disparities, but also improvement suggestions.
Scalable Bayes under Informative Sampling
Authors: Savitsky Terrance D. , Srivastava Sanvesh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBayesian hierarchical formulations are utilized by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) with respondent‐level data for missing item imputation because these formulations are readily parameterized to capture correlation structures. BLS collects survey data under informative sampling designs that assign probabilities of inclusion to be correlated with the response on which sampling‐weighted pseudo posterior distributions are estimated for asymptotically unbiased inference about population model parameters. Computation is expensive and does not support BLS production schedules. We propose a new method to scale the computation that divides the data into smaller subsets, estimates a sampling‐weighted pseudo posterior distribution, in parallel, for every subset and combines the pseudo posterior parameter samples from all the subsets through their mean in the Wasserstein space of order 2. We construct conditions on a class of sampling designs where posterior consistency of the proposed method is achieved. We demonstrate on both synthetic data and in application to the Current Employment Statistics survey that our method produces results of similar accuracy as the usual approach while offering substantially faster computation.
Race/Ethnic Differences in Nonresident Fathers’ Involvement After a Nonmarital Birth*
Authors: Ellerbe Calvina Z. , Jones Jerrett B. , Carlson Marcia J. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThis article examines how the levels of nonresidential fathers' involvement (over child ages 1–9) differ by race/ethnicity (comparing white, black, and Hispanic fathers), and then considers how individual and couple characteristics may “account for” any observed differences.MethodData from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,447) and random effects models were used to examine how nonresidential fathers' involvement (with respect to time, engagement, shared responsibility, and co‐parenting with mothers) is differentiated by race and ethnicity.ResultsOverall, black nonresident fathers were significantly more likely to spend time and engage in activities with their children as compared to Hispanic fathers—but not white fathers. Black fathers also shared responsibilities more frequently and displayed more effective co‐parenting than Hispanic and white fathers.ConclusionFathers’ involvement with children is shown to differ across major race/ethnic groups, with implications for children as well as for future research and public policy.
Equity dimensions of the availability and quality of reproductive, maternal and neonatal health services in Zambia
Authors: Yan Lily D. , Mwale Jonas , Straitz Samantha , Biemba Godfrey , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Ross Julia F. , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Nambao Mary , Ngwakum Paul , Genovese Eleonora , Banda Bowen , Akseer Nadia , Yeboah‐Antwi Kojo , Rockers Peter C. , Hamer Davidson H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess how quality and availability of reproductive, maternal, neonatal (RMNH) services vary by district wealth and urban/rural status in Zambia.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Millennium Development Goal Acceleration Initiative baseline assessment of 117 health facilities in 9 districts. Quality was assessed through a composite score of 23 individual RMNH indicators, ranging from 0 to 1. Availability was evaluated by density of providers and facilities. Districts were divided into wealth groups based on the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). Relative inequity was calculated using the concentration index for quality indicators (positive favours rich, negative favours poor). Multivariable linear regression was performed for the dependent variable composite quality indicator using MPI, urban/rural, and facility level of care as independent variables.Results13 hospitals, 85 health centres and 19 health posts were included. The RMNH composite quality indicator was 0.64. Availability of facilities and providers was universally low. The concentration index for the composite quality indicator was −0.015 [−0.043, 0.013], suggesting no clustering to favour either rich or poor districts. Rich districts had the highest absolute numbers of health facilities and providers, but lowest numbers per facility per 1 000 000 population. Urban districts had slightly better service quality, but not availability. Using regression analysis, only facility level of care was significantly associated with quality outcome.ConclusionsComposite quality of RMNH services did not vary by district wealth, but was slightly higher in urban districts. The availability data suggest that the higher population in richer districts outpaces health infrastructure
Multinational activity of European firms and heterogeneity
Authors: Fariñas José C. , Martín‐Marcos Ana , Velázquez Francisco J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper offers an empirical assessment of the multinational activity of European firms. It takes the predictions of models of firm heterogeneity and FDI activity as a reference to explore the characteristics of multinational firms from 30 European countries. We use a data set, based on ORBIS, which links information of parent–affiliate pairs of firms. Our results show that more productive firms have greater multinational activity in terms of both scope, the number of foreign markets where they invest, and scale, the volume of local sales by subsidiaries active in foreign markets. The estimation of gravity equations shows that country characteristics that encourage multinational activity successively induce the entry of less productive parent firms. We confirm this asymmetry for the GDPs of the home and host countries, distance, contiguity and other standard gravity equation variables.
Changes in D‐dimer concentration after soft tissue and orthopedic surgery in dogs
Authors: Shipov Anna , Milgram Josh , Shalev Nitzan , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveD‐dimer is a specific marker of active coagulation and fibrinolysis. The objective of this study is to determine the influence of surgery on D‐dimer concentration as well as to examine the relation between the magnitude of change and invasiveness of the surgical procedures.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned dogs undergoing elective neutering (n = 15), elective orthopedic (n = 15), or posttraumatic orthopedic (n = 15) surgical procedures.MethodsDogs undergoing elective neutering, elective orthopedic, and posttraumatic orthopedic surgical procedures were enrolled. D‐dimer concentration, measured immediately prior to, immediately after, and 24 hours after surgery (T0, T1, and T24, respectively), was compared within and among study groups.ResultsD‐dimer concentration was >250 ng/mL in 8 (18%) dogs at T0, in 9 (20%) at T1, and in 5 (11%) at T24. At T1 and T24, only 2 dogs had a D‐dimer concentration >500 ng/mL, and it was <750 ng/mL in all dogs. There was no difference in the proportion of increased D‐dimer concentration (>250 ng/mL) among the time points (P = 0.29). Median D‐dimer concentration did not vary between time points within the groups, except in the neutering group (P = 0.029), in which T1 concentration tended to increase compared with T0 values (161 ng/dL, range 71‐727 vs 122 ng/mL, range, 43‐353, respectively;P = .065).ConclusionThe surgical procedures tested in this study are unlikely to cause a direct increase in D‐dimer concentration.Clinical significanceAny increase in D‐dimer concentration after elective neutering, elective orthopedic, and posttraumatic orthopedic surgical procedures should be regarded as clinically important and trigger investigations to detect a hemostatic derangement.
Potential impact of weedy Brassicaceae species on oil and meal quality of oilseed rape (canola) in Australia
Authors: Salisbury P A , Potter T D , Gurung A M , Mailer R J , Williams W M 
Published: February 2018

SummaryBrassicaceae weeds are a widespread problem in Australian oilseed rape crops. The weeds not only compete for resources during crop growth, but also have the potential to reduce both oil and meal quality of the harvested crop. This study investigated oil and meal quality of weedy species from the Brassicaceae family that were collected throughout cropping regions of Australia. Eighty‐nine lines from 19 species were grown and evaluated in the same environment for their potential to contaminate Australian oilseed rape seed lots. Seed and flowering characteristics of each species were also examined. The glucosinolate concentration of most of the weedy species was greater than 100 μmol g−1 of oil‐free meal, well above the threshold for meeting oilseed rape quality. Erucic acid content of 18 of the 19 weedy species also exceeded the oilseed rape quality standard of less than 2% erucic acid. This study highlights the potential of the weedy species to reduce the quality of Australian oilseed rape crops.