bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russia between Two Systems: Transit from The Atlantic World into the Eurasian- Pacific One
Authors: Bratersky M. V. , Kutyrev G. I. 
Published: April 2019

The article analyzes Russia’s policy from the point of view of goals formulated by the government in response to challenges in international politics, economics and security, as well as challenges associated with the threat of losing the status of a great power, maintaining territorial integrity and independence. Russia’s dissatisfaction with the existing order of things – when its interests were not taken into account, and the West did not set any limits for itself, advancing its geopolitical interests –had been growing for a long time, however, most clearly manifested itself in the landmark 2014 when Western sanctions after the Crimean events pushed the Russian authorities and business to more active in the Asia-Pacific.The authors formulate a number of signs of the new regional order of the Asia-Pacific countries, which may develop into a new international (global) order. This type of system, according to the authors, will be more competitive and less hierarchical, within its framework there will not be a single dominant force or ideology, it will be based on a multitude of centers of power. Such a world order is more attractive for Russia than the unipolar Atlantic order. It will give the country the opportunity to use its own comparative advantages, such as territory, resources, hard power, a fairly rigid political organization and the ability to mobilize resources for strategic purposes. Nevertheless, it is important to understand that the modern non-Western world is still very amorphous, its future contours are blurred, and Asian business is still weakly responding to the Russian “turn to the East”.
Eurasian Economic Union and Integration Process in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Likhacheva A. B. 
Published: April 2019

In 2015, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus formed the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), later joined by Kyrgyzstan and Armenia. The Eurasian Economic Commission (EAEC), one of the key supranational bodies of the Union, received the mandate to conduct all negotiations on trade liberalization, including negotiations on FTAs with other countries, became the main operator of the conjunction of EAEU and One belt One road Initiative (OBOR), – and, thus, an important agent of promoting the interests of member states in the Asia-Pacific region. Moreover, in the future we can expect the expansion of the Commission’s mandate to other areas of international cooperation affecting the economic interests of Russia. In the context of the policy of the Turning to the East that Russia has pursued in recent years, such a redistribution of roles between the national and supranational levels requires further study. However, due to the young age of the association, both in the Russian and foreign literature, we can find relatively few studies on the international role of the EAEU and, in particular, of the EAEC. This article analyzes the Commission’s international tracks with Asian countries that are currently open and attempts to study other formats of international interaction that might involve the Commission in the future according to its current mandate. The results of the study indicate that bilateral tracks remain the dominant ones for the Commission, and the transition to multilateral negotiations within the EAEU-ASEAN or EAEU-RSEP formats can only occur in the medium term. This conclusion has been confirmed by the analysis of open information about the negotiations of the Commission, and a series of expert interviews conducted during the research.
KINERJA SISTEM IRIGASI TINGKAT TERSIER UPTD TRIMURJO DAERAH IRIGASI PUNGGUR UTARA
Authors: Simorangkir Haposan Maditua , Ridwan Ridwan , Kadir M Zen , Amin Mohamad 
Published: April 2019

Daerah Irgasi Punggur Utara UPTD Trimurjo merupakan salah satu daerah irigasi yang mengairi sawah fungsional seluas 4.846 ha dari luas baku 6.196 ha. Seiring dengan perkembangan waktu, kondisi perubahan alam sekitar, dan kondisi sosial budaya ekonomi masyarakat sekitar maka suplai dan kebutuhan akan air irigasi untuk mengairi areal sawah yang berada di Daerah Irigasi Punggur Utara UPTD Trimurjo mengalami perubahan. Perubahan kondisi jaringan irigasi dan bangunan pelengkapnya berdampak langsung pada debit air yang dikeluarkan melalui jaringan irigasi tingkat tersier. Berlatar belakang dari permaslahan tersebut maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kerapatan saluran dan bangunan jaringan irigasi, kerumitan jaringan irigasi, efisiensi penyaluran air, dan kinerja sistem irigasi tingkat tersier UPTD Trimurjo dari aspek yang dinilai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode pengumpulan data sekunder dan data primer. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan metode stratified purpossive random sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh menggunakan metode stratified purpossive random sampling adalah sebanyak 14 sampel dari 85 petak tersier di UPTD Trimurjo. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kerapatan saluran rata-rata sebesar (KS) 70,59 m/ha, kerapatan bangunan rata-rata sebesar (KB) 0,18 Unit/ha, nilai kerumitan jaringan irigasi pada variabel (β) 2,15 ruas/bak bagi dan variabel (θ) rata-rata 810,53 m/bak bagi, dan efisiensi penyaluran air rata-rata sebesar 80,09%. Hasil perhitungan kinerja sistem irigasi tingkat tersier melalui penilaian setiap aspek baik fisik maupun nonfisik mencapai 84,56 %. Hasil penilaian yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kinerja sistem irigasi pada tingkat tersier di UPTD Trimurjo Daerah Irigasi Punggur Utara sudah sangat baik. Kata kunci: Kinerja sistem irigasi, Sistem irigasi, Irigasi tingkat tersier, Trimurjo, Daerah irigasi punggur utara
Kinetic Methods for Solving Non-stationary Jet Flow Problems
Authors: Frolova A. A. , Titarev V. A. 
Published: April 2019

The study of non-stationary rarefied gas flows is, currently, attracting a great deal of attention. Such an interest arises from creating the pulsed jets used for deposition of thin films and special coatings on the solid surfaces. However, the problems of non-stationary rarefied gas flows are still understudied because of their large computational complexity. The paper considers the computational aspects of investigating non-stationary movement of gas reflected from a wall and flowing through a suddenly formed gap. The study objective is to analyse the possible numerical kinetic approaches to solve such problems and identify the difficulties in their solving. When modeling the gas flows in strong rarefaction one should consider the Boltzmann kinetic equation, but its numerical implementation is rather time-consuming. In order to use more simple approaches based, for example, on approximation kinetic equations (Ellipsoidal-Statistical model, Shakhov model), it is important to estimate the difference between the solutions of the model equations and of the Boltzmann equation. For this purpose, two auxiliary problems are considered, namely reflection of the gas flow from the wall and outflow of the free jet into the rarefied background gas.A numerical solution of these problems shows a weak dependence of the solution on the type of the collision operator in the rarefied region, but at the same time a strong dependence of a behavior of the macro-parameters on the velocity grid step. The detailed velocity grid is necessary to avoid a non-monotonous behavior of the macro-parameters caused by so-called ray effect. To reduce computational costs of the detailed velocity grid solution, a hybrid method based on the synthesis of model equations and the Boltzmann equation is proposed. Such an approach can be promising since it reduces the domain in which the Boltzmann collision integral should be used.The article presents the results obtained using two different software packages, namely a Unified Flow Solver (UFS) [13] and a Nesvetay 3D software complex [14-15]. Note that the UFS uses the discrete ordinate method for velocity space on a uniform grid and a hierarchical adaptive mesh refinement in physical space. The possibility to calculate both the Boltzmann equation and the model equations is realized. The Nesvetay 3D software complex was created to solve the Shakhov model equation (S-model) for calculations based on non-structured non-uniform grids, both in velocity space and in physical one.
Finite-element Modeling Irreversible Polarization Process of Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Skaliukh A. S. 
Published: April 2019

A finite-element model developed for quasi-static processes describes irreversible processes of deformation and polarization occurring in polycrystalline ferroelectric media due to the effect of intense electric fields and mechanical loads. The paper presents external parameters such as strain and polarization as a sum of residual and reversible parts. Using the incremental theory, the virtual work law, and the constitutive relations for reversible and irreversible components, a system of linear algebraic equations was built for the increments of nodal values of the main variables, namely the displacement vector and the electric potential, during the transition from one equilibrium state to another.The constructed constitutive relations connect the reversible parts of the strain and polarization with the stresses and the electric field in the form of linear tensor equations. It is shown that the physical characteristics depend on the residual parameters so that the coefficients of elastic compliance and dielectric constant linearly depend on the principal values of residual strain, and the piezoelectric modules depend linearly on the module of residual polarization. The constitutive relations for the increments of the residual parameters are determined as element values for each finite element from the equations in differentials. Ultimately, the task is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations, the matrix and right sides of which depend on the residual parameters and are determined at each equilibrium state. As a result, the non-linearity of the problem is replaced by solving a sequence of linear problems until the external loads reach their final values.The model is implanted into a finite-element complex, which allows us to determine the fields of residual strain and polarization, the physical characteristics of a partially polarized body, and local anisotropy for the case of complete and partial polarization.
Simulation of Observer Based Tracking Control for the Longitudinal Dynamics Model of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft
Authors: Makarov D. A. 
Published: April 2019

The article describes a method for constructing a nonlinear finite-horizon tracking control for the output of a weakly nonlinear dynamic system obtained by the author earlier and also presents the results of numerical experiments, which have used this method to control the output of the longitudinal dynamics model of a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. The article aim is to demonstrate a performance capability of the method for non-weakly non-linear systems, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the obtained control in comparison with linear analogues.The method is based on the approximate solution of a matrix Riccati-like differential equation with state dependent coefficients. In the English literature, such a constructing approach to control is called a SDRE technique. The latter has become quite widespread in practical applications due to the relative ease of implementation. The disadvantage of the SDRE technique is that there is the need to numerically solve the Riccati-like matrix equation in the course of operation for each new system state, which may come up against the limited computational resources. To overcome this drawback, a number of methods for approximate solution of this equation were developed, including that of for the finite-horizon tracking problem.A feature of the method under study is an approach to the approximate equation solution based on the formal asymptotic small- parameter expansion of this solution in case of system nonlinearity. A numerical-analytical procedure for constructing the control was obtained. In contrast to the known results, with such an approach there is no need to perform a number of computationally expensive operations in the control process. This allows potential application of this method for problems with highly limited computational resources, for example for the problem of an autonomous robotic control.The article considers several scenarios where initial conditions of the aircraft dynamics model differ from each other. It is shown that in most cases, the obtained nonlinear controls exceed the linear analogues by the quadratic quality criterion considered.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND ON EFL LEARNERS’ MOTIVATION
Authors: Keumala Meta , Samad Nanda Marlina , Samad Iskandar Abdul , Rachmawaty Noor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: It is undeniable that motivation plays a very important role in the learning process of students. However, some learners still face difficulties in learning English language due to some factors such as differences on its cultural aspects that contributes to the lack of intercultural competence on EFL learners. The aim of the research is to investigate the socio cultural and educational factors that influence the learner’s motivation on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning among post-graduate students of English Department of Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia. The method of the study is descriptive qualitative where researchers collected the data through library research and distribution of questionnaires to twenty students. The results showed that socio cultural and educational background impact on learners’ motivation in EFL learning. Students who are in collectivistic culture (60%) carried traditional thinking in facing new culture during the EFL learning process while the rest of the students who are in the part of individualistic culture (40%) tend to react positively in facing new culture. Furthermore, educational background also has impacted the learners’ motivation. Students’ prior knowledge contribute to (70%) their learning achievement
Physiological Aspects of Different Roller Skiing Techniques in Field Conditions
Authors: Starczewski Michał , Żmijewski Piotr , Witek Katarzyna , Klusiewicz Andrzej 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe main goal of the study was to evaluate the impact of different roller skiing techniques (classical CT and skating ST) performed under field conditions on physical capacity variables in cross-country skiers. The second purpose was to evaluate the possibility to use the test results conducted under field and laboratory conditions interchangeably to determine training loads. Eight international-level cross-country skiers (4 male, 4 female) with 8.8 ± 1.3 years of skiing experience took part in the study. The athletes performed three graded tests to exhaustion: two under field conditions (roller skiing CT and ST techniques) and one in the laboratory: treadmill running (TR). All tests were conducted within a period of two weeks to compare general and specific physical capacity outcomes. ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in the threshold heart rate (HRAT4) (ST 175.3 ± 10.8 bpm, CT 175.8 ± 10.9 bpm, TR 181.5 ± 11.1 bpm; p = 0.004), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (ST 64.0 ± 4.65 ml/kg/min, CT 61.5 ± 5.09 ml/kg/min, TR 65.9 ± 2.30 ml/kg/min; p = 0.008) and maximal HR (ST 189.3 ± 10.9 bpm, CT 188.9 ± 10.6 bpm, TR 199.5 ± 10.3 bpm; p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between classical and skating roller skiing techniques for maximal and threshold values except for threshold velocity (CT 13.4 ± 1.11 km/h vs. ST 14.7 ± 1.17 km/h p = 0.002). Maximal velocity was not measured. The main finding of the study is that it is possible to use threshold HR values obtained in roller skiing tests performed using the classical or skating techniques interchangeably to determine roller skiing training loads. The results of the study indicate that there is a need to verify maximal treadmill running exertion variables in specific roller skiing tests.
The Evolution of Habitat in Middle Hallstatt on The Territory of Romania
Authors: Olaru Ioana-Iulia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper will refer only to one of period of Hallstatt, Middle Hallstatt, an important period of the first Iron Age – that form with Late Hallstatt a unity called by historian the protohistory of the Dacians – bringing important transformations recorded in the human beings’ habitat. The settlements and buildings of the entire Bronze Age reflect the continuation of migrations, though limited, by their sedentarization, but also the fortification of some settlements which became real centres of unions of tribes. The characteristic to the mentioned period is continuity (and then the ending) of the process of unification of the Thracian tribes, a process began in Early Hallstatt. The collision of tribes needed the amplification of settlements, but also of the fortifications and also, step by step, the extending of the Greek urbanism implemented in today’s Dobrogea by the Greeks who started colonies here, the Scythian-Greek incluences are to be found in the Late Hallstatt and in other areas on the nowadays territory of our country. The specificity of settlements and buildings of the cultures from the beginning of Hallstatt on the territory of our country will be studied in their evolution towards the next phase – of the second period of the Iron Age: Latène.
Art - Subject - Object in Artistic and Plastic Creativity of Pupils and Students in Artistic Education
Authors: Arbuz-Spatari Olimpiada 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The modernization of higher education in the field of plastic arts methodology, the improvement and development of the educational methodology, as well as the professional rise of the teachers are the key issues in raising the level of creativity of the future plastic art teachers in the context of the new requirements of artistic training. The volume of creative knowledge and skills varies from one person to another; it is our permanent intention to know and understand creativity, to demonstrate the laws of artistic and plastic creativity, to create a logical theory through which personality can be developed creatively, thus contributing to the complex process of the student’s artistic activity. Art contributes to the development of the artistic creativity of pupils / students, constituting a source of knowledge of national and universal culture through the many methodological, plastic and technological varieties specific to art, which offer vast possibilities to create a creative product of artistic, aesthetic and cultural value. The development of creative writing skills initially involves a visual experience, followed by the stages specific to the creative process in the field of fine arts and is finalized by a material form of the creative product, obtained through specific means in the field of fine arts.
Using The Textbook with The Musical Education Lesson
Authors: Morari Marina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The present article identifies the characteristics of a good textbook, it analyses and describes some of the concepts used in the structure of the Musical Education textbook for the second grade in the Republic of Moldova. Some units of the textbook are classified and characterised in relation to the requirements of modern education. Also, the article describes working techniques with some of the contents: theme title, the interface text, the informative text, pictographic images.
History and Modernity in Artistic Education from Romania
Authors: Paşca Eugenia Maria 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The issue of artistic education is not new, it is still concerned and concerned by many specialists. The newities emerged and imposed from time to time in the evolution of culture and education were and are determined by the scientific and artistic achievements, the enrichment of the possibilities of knowledge and valorization of the experiences and achievements, both from the field of artistic didactics, as well as from musical creation and interpretative art. The perspectives, especially in the last half century, aimed at increasing the knowledge of the child’s physical and mental peculiarities, his ability to form audiences, visions and chinestecs, and the fundamental aims pursued by specialists - teachers and researchers - have been and have continued to improve the contributions of music, literature and dance to the aesthetic and ethical education of children, to developing their sensitivity and intelligence, in other words, to the formation and harmonious development of the children’s personality. From the perspective of knowing and preserving the national identity, in the non-formal educational system existing in Romania, there are musical-literarychoreographic circles with folkloric specifics organized in the Children’s Clubs and Palaces. Also, through school curriculum (CDS), there are initiatives by music education teachers to capitalize on music-literary-choreographic folklore through new disciplines, giving pupils the knowledge of local, regional and national traditions.
The Correlation Between Human Capital and Gross Added Value in the Bioeconomy Sectors at the European Union (EU) Country Level
Authors: Neagu Olimpia , Dumiter Florin , Braica Alexandra , Jimon Ștefania , David Gabriela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper aims to prove the link between human capital and gross added value in bioeconomy sectors in the EU countries. Data from EUROSTAT data base regarding employment and gross added value in 6 bioeconomy sectors were used in a cross-country regression analysis. The econometric analysis of cross-country data shows a positive correlation between human capital in bioeconomy sectors and their gross output in 2015 in 26 European countries. It is found also that the correlation is stronger in the highly developed economies as in the central-eastern countries, as well as in the European economy.
Behavioral Determinants of Corruption. A Cross-Country Survey
Authors: Borlea Sorin Nicolae , Achim Monica Violeta , Rus Alexandra Ioana Daniela 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This research comes to empirical investigate whether the country‟s levels of corruption may be explained by some behavioral factors such as culture, tax morale, trust, religion or happiness. For this purpose, a cross-countries survey of 148 countries is used. The findings document that power distance, trust in legal system, happiness and religion are the most important behavioral determinants of the corruption, explaining about 50 % from the level of corruption around the world. A higher power distance, a lower level of trust in legal system, a lower level of happiness (measured by subjective well-being) and a higher level of religiosity conduct to a higher level of corruption. The findings are important for the policy-makers in order to include the non-economic factors in the analysis of corruption behavior of the people belong to a country, and thus to adopt the most appropriate decisions to fight against this phenomenon.