bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ausbildung und Einsatz für die Katastrophen- und Notfallversorgung am Beispiel wetterbedingter Ereignisse
Authors: Ulrichs Timo , Goersch Henning 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Extreme Wetterereignisse der letzten Jahre zeigen eindrücklich die Notwendigkeit einer guten Aufstellung von Katastrophen- und Notfallversorgung in Deutschland. Eine gute Abstimmung der Institutionen und Akteure untereinander sowie die Sicherstellung von qualifiziertem Nachwuchs bilden zusammen die Grundlage für eine adäquate Vorbereitung.
Covalent immobilization of an alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis
Authors: Aslan Yakup , Ömerosmanoğlu Derya , Koç Eda Öndül 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Since the soluble enzymes can not be used in repeated reactions and are not stable in operational conditions and not suitable for continuous processes, this study aimed the covalent immobilization of Bacillus licheniformis protease (BLP) onto Eupergit CM.

Methods
Optimum conditions for immobilization were determined by changing the conditions individually. The proteins and L-tyrosine were determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometer.

Results
The immobilization resulted in 100% immobilization and 107.7% activity yields. The optimum pH (7–8) and the optimum temperature (70°C) have not changed after immobilization. The Km values for free and immobilized enzyme were 26.53 and 37.59 g/L, while the Vmax values were 2.84 and 3.31 g L-Tyrosine/L·min, respectively. The immobilized enzyme has not lost its initial activity during the repeated 20 uses and 20 days of storage. The milk proteins were hydrolyzed in 2 h by using immobilized enzyme. The pH of the milk dropped from 6.89 to 6.53, the color was clearer but there was no change in the smell or the taste.

Conclusion
Consequently, it can be said that the immobilized BLP obtained can be used for industrial purposes.
Optimized production, purification and molecular characterization of fungal laccase through Alternaria alternata
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Mehmood Sajid , Irshad Muhammad , Anwar Zahid 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Industrial effluents and agriculture biomass are main environmental hazards which are facing by developing country like Pakistan. Along with various other industrial applications, laccases are also involved in the oxidation of various industrial hazardous compounds to detoxify them. This study was designed to produce and purify laccase from ascomyceteous fungi, i.e. Alternaria alternata through solid stat fermentation.

Materials and methods
Abundantly available Sarkanda grass “Saccharum spontaneum” was used as agro-waste substrate for laccase production from fungus A. alternata. Previously only white rot fungi are familiar for laccase production and almost no work has been done on laccase production by A. alternata. In this research work, different physical and chemical parameters were optimized for maximum laccase production through solid state fermentation (SSF).

Results
Enzyme was purified and its molecular weight was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Maximum laccase activity (21.87±0.0115 unit/mL) was detected on 7th day of incubation having pH 5 of the medium at 35°C. None of the added metal ions increased laccase production. Galactose and “yeast extract” used as optimum carbon and nitrogen source for highest laccase production.

Conclusion
A monomeric protein (laccase) having approximately 51 kDa molecular weight obtained after SDS-PAGE.
Synthesis, characterization, anticancer and antimicrobial study of arene ruthenium(II) complexes with 1,2,4-triazole ligands containing an α-diimine moiety
Authors: Gichumbi Joel M. , Friedrich Holger B. , Omondi Bernard , Lazarus Geraldine G. , Singh Moganavelli , Chenia Hafizah Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The reaction of the ruthenium arene dimers [(η
6-arene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]2 (where arene=benzene or p-cymene) with the ligands 4-benzylidene-3,5-di(2′-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (L1
), 2-methoxybenzylidene-3,5-di(2′-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (L2
), 4-methylbenzylidene-3,5-di(2′-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (L3
) and indole-3-carbaldehyde-3,5-di(2′-pyridyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (L4
) in a 1:2 ratio gives the new complexes [(η
6-arene)RuCl(L)]+ [arene=C6H6 (with L=L1(1), L2(3), L4(7), with PF6
− as a counter ion, and L4 (6), with Cl− as a counter ion) or p-cymene with L=L1(2), L2(4), L3(5), L4(8) with PF6
− as a counter ion]. All complexes were fully characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, elemental analyses, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy. The single crystal X-ray structures of ligand L2
and complex 1 have been determined. The structure of 1 has the Ru atom coordinated with the arene group and to the N,N′-bidentate ligand and to the Cl atom. The arene group occupies the apex, while the ligand and the Cl atom are at the base of a pseudo-octahedral three-legged piano stool. The cytotoxicity of these mononuclear complexes was established in the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) and for selectivity in the non-cancerous human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293), using 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as the reference anticancer drug. Compounds 1 and 7 were relatively inactive toward the Caco-2 tumor cells (IC50>200), while complexes 2–5 showed moderate anti-proliferative properties (IC50>100–200). Compound 6, however, displayed better anti-proliferative properties with an IC50 value lower than that of the reference drug, 5-FU, and was therefore further investigated for its antimicrobial activity against six Gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacteria.
Disparitas Pembangunan Wilayah Kabupaten/ Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Ika Wahyuntari Linda , Pujiati Amin 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh, menganalisis pengaruh aglomerasi industri, dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif Tipologi Klassen dan analisis regresi data panel dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS). Hasil identifikasi kabupaten/ kota yang konsisten berada di klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh dalam kurun waktu tahun 2009-2013, yaitu Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta, dan Kota Semarang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi industri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat dan cepat tumbuh berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah.
This study aims to identify the classification of the area fast forward and fast-growing, analyze the effect of industrial agglomeration, the balance funds, HDI, and area classification fast forward and fast-growing against the disparity of development districts/ cities in Central Java province. This research using descriptive analysis Typology Klassen and panel data regression analysis with the method of Generalized Least Square (GLS). The results of the identification of districts/ cities that are in the area classification consistently fast forward and fast-growing in the period 2009-2013, namely Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta and Kota Semarang. The results of this study indicate that the industrial agglomeration effect on positive and significant, while the balance funds, HDI, and the classification of fast and fast-growing regions a significant negative effect on the development disparity districts/ cities in Central Java province.
Analisis Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Anggaran “Gerdu Kempling” Sebagai Upaya Pengentasan Kemiskinan
Authors: Wijanarko Syahrir 
Published: March 2018

Kota Semarang sebagai Ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah menjadi magnet yang menarik masyarakat di Jawa Tengah untuk datang dan mengadu nasib demi kehidupan yang lebih baik. Besarnya jumlah penduduk di Semarang tidak diikuti oleh peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusianya. Hal ini mengakibatkan peningkatan jumlah penduduk miskin yang tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan menjadikan banyaknya warga miskin di Kota Semarang. Hal inilah yang melatarbelakangi munculnya Program Gerdu Kempling dalam usaha mengentaskan kemiskinan di Kota Semarang. Penelitian ini mengkaji efisiensi dan efektivitas penggunaan anggaran Program Gerdu Kempling di Kota Semarang Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penggunaan dana Gerdu Kempling dalam usaha mengentaskan kemiskinan di Kota Semarang. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif persentase, alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Data Envelope Analysis (DEA). Hasil analisis secara deskriptif persentase menunjukkan bahwa Program Gerdu Kempling belum terselenggara secara efektif. Sedangkan hasil perhitungan data penggunaan anggaran dengan DEA dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa anggaran Gerdu Kempling tidak efisien dan tidak akan pernah mencapai efisiensi karena Gerdu Kempling merupakan kebijakan di sektor publik yang berbeda dengan sektor privat. Saran yang dapat diberikan dari penelitian ini yaitu sebaiknya pemerintah dan para stakeholder mampu mengintegrasikan data penerima bantuan di sistem antar SKPD.

Semarang city as a capital city of Central Java Province become a magnet that attract Central Java people for coming and try fortune for a better life. But, huge quantitie of population in Semarang not followed by quality improvement from the human resources. This cause in an increase of the number of poverty population that not able to fulfill and makes many poverty population in the city of Semarang. This research analysis the efficiency and effectiveness of Gerdu Kempling Program budget in the city of Semarang, Central Java Province. This research purposes to knowing the use of Gerdu Kempling budget in an effort to poverty alleviation of Semarang city. The data on this research is secondary data. The method of this research is deskriptive persentage and used Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) as an analysis tool. The result in deskriptive persentage way showed that Gerdu Kempling Program not effective yet. Whereas the result of calculated budget used data with DEA in this research showed that Gerdu Kempling budget not and never be efficience because Gerdu Kempling is policy in the public sector that have a difference with private sector. Advice for this research is governement and stakeholders should able to integrate favor receiver data in inter SKPD system.
Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Sektor Unggulan di Jawa Tengah
Authors: Santi Wahyuningsih Wiwit 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi industri unggulan di Jawa Tengah yang mempunyai daya saing. Penelitian ini menggunakan data PDRB Jawa Tengah dan PDB Tahun 2010-2015, Tabel Input Output Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013, serta data Ekspor-Impor Jawa Tengah Tahun 1997-2015. Penelitian ini mengunakan alat analisis Indeks Daya Penyebaran (IDP), Indeks Derajat Kepekaan (IDK) dan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Dari hasil IDP dan IDK terdapat 9 industri unggulan di Jawa Tengah yaitu industri pengolahan dan pengawetan ikan, industri minyak dan lemak, industri penggilingan padi, industri tepung terigu dan tepung lainnya, industri makanan ternak, industri pemintalan, industri tekstil, industri kayu dan bahan bangunan dari kayu, serta industri karet dan barang dari karet. Hanya ada 3 industri yang memiliki daya saing ekspor tinggi yaitu industri dengan IDP>1, IDK>1 dan RCA>1 yang meliputi industri pemintalan, industri tekstil, dan industri kayu dan bahan bangunan dari kayu. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sektor industri yang dapat diandalkan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui ekspor dan memiliki daya saing ekspor yang sangat bagus serta memilki harga jual tinggi yaitu hanya industri pemintalan, industri tekstil, dan industri kayu dan bahan bangunan dari kayu. Maka dari itu sebaiknya kebijakan pemerintah lebih ditekankan pada sektor hulu dan sektor hilir dari industri-industri tersebut.
This research identify the leading manufactures in central Java which have the export competitiveness. This study used data of Central Java’s Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and Gross National Product (GNP) on 2010-2015, Input Output Table on 2013, as well as export-import on 1997-2015. This research rely on Forward Linkage Index (FLI), Backward Linkage Index (BLI) and Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis tools. There are 9 leading manufacturing industries conducted from the result. Those manufactures are processing and preserving fish industry, oils and fats industry, rice milling industry, wheat flour industry, live and fock feeds industry, knitting industry, textile industry, wood and products of wood industry, and rubber and products of rubber industry. Only 3 industries that have the high export competitiveness. These industries have Forward Linkage Index (FLI)>1, Backward Linkage Index (BLI) >1, and RCA>1 consisting knitting industry, textile industry, and wood and products of wood industry. From this study, it can be concluded that the reliable manufacturing sectors to boot the economy growth through exports, having a good export competitiveness as well as high selling prices are those 3 industries. Therefore the emphasize of goverment policy should be on the upstream and down stream sectors of these industries.
Actitud crítica en el costumbrismo costarricense
Authors: Quesada Soto Alváro 
Published: March 2018

Las principales características del costurnbrismo han sido ya debidamente estudiadas, señaladas y analizadas por diversos investigadores de nuestra literatura. No es nuestro propósito volver sobre ellas. Lo que nos interesa en este artículo es más bien destacar una faceta casi desapercibida y un poco clandestina del costumbrismo. que la denominaremos "actitud crítica", que se opone a la actitud anecdótica y acrítica que predomina en el mundo literario del costumbrismo.
Điểm lại các nghiên cứu hóa học và hoạt tính sinh học một số loài sinh vật biển Việt Nam trong giai đoạn 2013‐2017
Authors: Cường Nguyễn Xuân , Nhiệm Nguyễn Xuân , Thanh Nguyễn Văn , Tài Bùi Hữu , Hương Đoàn Thị Mai , Cường Phạm Văn , Nam Nguyễn Hoài , Long Phạm Quốc , Kiệm Phan Văn , Minh Châu Văn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the investigations on marine natural products in Vietnam published in period of 2013‐2017 from sponges, corals, echinoderms, mollusks, and microorganisms. About 415 compounds were isolated and structure elucidated including 33 saponins (15 new compounds), 143 steroids (30 new compounds), 38 steroid glycosides (20 new compounds), 33 diterpenes (20 new compounds), 53 sesquiterpenes (27 new compounds), 12 cyclopeptides, 7 pyrrole and furan oligoglycosides (6 new compounds), 10 biscembranoids (2 new compounds), 15 triterpenes (14 new compounds), and 71 other compounds (8 new compounds). Many compounds have unique structures and exhibited potential biological effects including cytotoxic, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐microbial activities.
Gestión de cuentas por cobrar y sus efectos en la liquidez en la facultad de una universidad particular, Lima, periodo 2010-2015.
Authors: Gonzales Pisco Esmina , Sanabria Bolaños Sussan Wendy 
Published: March 2018

El propósito de la investigación es determinar los efectos de las cuentas por cobrar en la liquidez en la facultad de una universidad particular, Lima, periodo 2010-2015. El nivel de estudio es descriptivo explicativo porque se establece el efecto que tiene la gestión de las cuentas por cobrar mediante los procedimiento de crédito, procedimiento de cobranza, ratios de actividad y morosidad en la liquidez que ha sido analizada mediante la liquidez corriente, razón ácida, razón de efectivo y capital de efectivo, planteándose la hipótesis general que la gestión de las cuentas por cobrar afecta en la liquidez en la facultad de una universidad particular, Lima 2010-2015. Del análisis de las respectivas variables de estudio tuvo como resultado que el nivel de significancia es un p-valor de 0,025, menor a α = 5% por lo cual se acepta la hipótesis alterna y se rechaza la hipótesis nula, es decir, los procedimientos de crédito afectan en el ratio de liquidez corriente, prueba ácida, razón de efectivo, capital de trabajo neto sobre el total de activos de la facultad de una universidad particular, Lima 2010-2015. En conclusión, según el estudio se concluye que la gestión de las cuentas por cobrar tiene un efecto sobre la liquidez de la facultad de una universidad particular, Lima, periodo 2010-2015. Es decir, cada una de las dimensiones de procedimientos de crédito, procedimiento de cobranzas, ratios de actividad y morosidad tiene una participación en la liquidez reflejado en los ratios de liquidez corriente, razón ácida, razón de efectivo y capital de trabajo neto sobre el total de activos.
Boğatepe Köyü’nde Gravyer peyniri üretimi ve sürdürülebilir gelişme bakımından önemi (Kars/Türkiye)
Authors: Arınç Kenan 
Published: March 2018

Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Kars iline bağlı bir köy yerleşmesi olan Boğatepe, Türkiye’de Gravyer peynirinin ilk üretildiği yer olarak tanınmaktadır. Bu köy Ardahan-Kars Yöresinin 1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus savaşı sırasında Rusların eline geçmesi nedeniyle Rusya’dan göç ettirilen Malakanlar ve Doukhoborların yerleşmesi için kurulmuş ve Büyük Zavot adını almıştı. Yörenin ekolojisinin hayvancılığa ve gravyer peyniri üretimine elverişli olduğu anlaşılınca Rusların daveti üzerine İsviçreli peynir üreticisi David Moser, ilk gravyer atölyesini Boğatepe köyünde kurmuştu. Kısa sürede yörenin diğer köylerine de yayılan Gravyer peyniri atölyelerinin sayısı 50’ye yükselmişti. Rus işgalinin sona ermesiyle birlikte kolonistlerin Türkiye’den ayrılması nedeniyle Ardahan-Kars Yöresinde atölye sayısı sürekli azalmıştır. Nitekim halen faal olan imalathane sayısı Boğatepe köyünde 2 ve Kars Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde 2 olmak üzere toplam 4 adettir. SSCB’nin 1917 yılında kurulması sonucu bu ülkede yaşamak istemeyen ve gravyer üretimine aşina olan Karapapak (Terekeme), Kıpçak, Komuk ve Karakalpak gibi Türk boylarının, 1936 yılında Ardahan-Kars Yöresine yerleştirilmeleri nedeniyle, Boğatepe köyü de nüfuslanmış ve kolonistlerden kalan ekipmanlarla gravyer peyniri üretimi yeniden başlatılmıştı. Ancak Boğatepe köyünün, 1975 yılından sonra göç vermeye başlaması nedeniyle gravyer üretimi durmuştu. Fakat bir gravyer ustasının 2002 yılında Boğatepe köyüne dönmesiyle birlikte üretim yeniden canlandırılmıştır. Günümüzde köy halkının üretim için işbölümünü başarmaları nedeniyle, sağılabilen inek sayısı 4000’e yükselmiştir. O halde katma değeri yüksek olan ve uzmanlık gereken Gravyer peyniri üretimi, yörenin kalkınması ve sürdürülebilir gelişmesi için önem taşımaktadır. Gravyer peynirinin 6 ayı aşan zorlu bir üretim süreci vardır. Elde edilen sütün bir saat içinde üretim sürecine girmesi zorunluluğu nedeniyle gravyer tesisinin 1800 m’den daha yüksekte kurulması ve hayvanların yüksek kuşakta otlatılmaları üretim şartının en önemlisidir. Ardahan-Kars Yöresinde bulunan pek çok kırsal yerleşmenin ekolojisi bu üretim için uygundur. Bu nedenle benzer ekolojiye sahip yerlerin de Gravyer peyniri üretimi için organize edilmeleri kalkınma için gereklidir.
Formação de Professor e as Estruturas Multiplicativas: em Busca de Elementos Potencializadores da Aprendizagem Docente
Authors: Santos Aparecido dos 
Published: March 2018

O objetivo do presente estudo é o de identificar possíveis indícios de aprendizagem docente em um processo formativo com dimensões colaborativas. O processo de formação se pautou em dois pilares: na reflexão sobre o ensino e aprendizagem das estruturas multiplicativas e nas estratégias formativas empreendidas para o seu desenvolvimento (ação-reflexão-ação) a partir da análise da prática docente. O estudo foi realizado com um grupo de 14 professoras, atuantes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola pública na cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados apontam que, para além, da ação e reflexão sobre a prática, que permitiu proceder análises conceituais, didáticas e cognitivas que, em última análise, qualificaram o repertório teórico-prático para o ensino das estruturas multiplicativas, foi possível identificar nos relatos descritos pelas participantes, na avaliação final do processo formativo, elementos que, a meu ver, foram potencilizadores e indicaram indícios da aprendizagem docente. Essa aprendizagem, na voz das professoras, se deu na interface de quatro dimensões: (a) na relação professor- aluno, (b) na relação professor-professor- formadores, (c) na relação teoria e prática, e (d) na reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica.Palavras-chave: Processo Formativo. Aprendizagem Docente. Reflexão. Prática. AbstractThe objective of the present study is to identify possible evidence of teacher learning in a formative process with collaborative dimensions. The formation process was based on two pillars: reflection on the teaching and learning of multiplicative structures and the formative strategies undertaken for its development (action-reflection-action) from the analysis of teaching practice. The study was performed with a group of 14 teachers, active in the initial years of Elementary School, of a public school in the city of São Paulo. The results show that, in addition to the action and reflection on the practice, which allowed us to proceed with conceptual, didactic and cognitive analyzes that ultimately qualified the theoretical-practical repertoire for the teaching of multiplicative structures, it was possible to identify in the described narratives by the participants, in the final evaluation of the formative process, elements that, in my view, were definitive and indicated indications of teacher learning. This learning, in the teachers’ voice, took place in the four-dimensional interface: (a) in the teacher-student relationship, (b) in the teacher-teacher-formers relationship, (c) in the relation theory and practice, and (d) reflection on pedagogical practice.Keywords: Formative Process. Teacher Learning. Reflection. Practice
Assessment of Antioxidant Potential and phytochemical screening of Phenolic Compounds of Gleditsia triacanthos L Pods
Authors: Imène Saidi , Hassiba Mahdjoub Bessam , Abbassia Benchaachoua 
Published: March 2018

Objective: The present study aims at the phytochemical screening, the quantification of phenolic compounds of Gleditsia triacanthos L pods (Family Leguminosae) and the assessment of their antioxidant potential by in vitro assays.
Subjects and Methods: The pods were extracted with 70% methanol and further partitioned with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The residual aqueous fraction has been also recovered. Colorimetric methods using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride and Folin-Denis were carried out to estimate total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins content of extracts. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were used to determine in vitro antioxidant activity.
Results: In vitro phytochemical screening for all the extracts was tested and shown positive result for flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, sterols and terpenes, saponins and alkaloids. However, all the extracts were free of anthraquinones. The strongest activity against radical scavenging of DPPH was found in the ethyl acetate fraction (IC50= 16,288 ± 0,299 µg/ml) which contains highest amounts of flavonoids (25.160 ± 0.016 mg CE/g), whereas the chloroform fraction showed an important total antioxidant capacity (750,584 ± 129,793 mg AAE/g) with the highest amount of total polyphenols (131.667 ± 2.055 mg GAE/g). When compared to the other fractions, the aqueous fraction presented the lowest antioxidant activity for the two methods.
Conclusion: These data suggest that the pods of Gleditsia triacanthos L can be a good natural source of antioxidants that can be beneficial for food and human health.