bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning for combinatorial optimization of brace placement of steel frames
Authors: Tamura Takuya , Ohsaki Makoto , Takagi Jiro 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA method is presented for optimal placement of braces of plane frames using machine learning. The frame is subjected to static horizontal loads representing seismic loads. We consider the process of seismic retrofit by attaching braces. Therefore, the maximum value of additional stresses in the existing beams and columns and the maximum interstory drift angle are incorporated in the optimization problem. Characteristics of approximate optimal solutions and nonoptimal solutions are extracted using machine learning based on support vector machine and binary decision tree. Convolution and pooling are used for defining the features characterizing the solutions while reducing the number of variables. Optimization is carried out using a heuristic algorithm called simulated annealing based on local search. It is shown in the numerical examples that the computational cost is successfully reduced by avoiding costly structural analysis for a solution judged by machine learning as nonoptimal, and the important features in approximate optimal and nonoptimal solutions are identified.
Nanostructured Functional Hydrogels as an Emerging Platform for Advanced Energy Technologies
Authors: Zhao Fei , Bae Jiwoong , Zhou Xingyi , Guo Youhong , Yu Guihua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNanostructured materials are critically important in many areas of technology because of their unusual physical/chemical properties due to confined dimensions. Owing to their intrinsic hierarchical micro‐/nanostructures, unique chemical/physical properties, and tailorable functionalities, hydrogels and their derivatives have emerged as an important class of functional materials and receive increasing interest from the scientific community. Bottom‐up synthetic strategies to rationally design and modify their molecular architectures enable nanostructured functional hydrogels to address several critical challenges in advanced energy technologies. Integrating the intrinsic or extrinsic properties of various functional materials, nanostructured functional hydrogels hold the promise to break the limitations of current materials, improving the device performance of energy storage and conversion. Here, the focus is on the fundamentals and applications of nanostructured functional hydrogels in energy conversion and storage. Specifically, the recent advances in rational synthesis and modification of various hydrogel‐derived functional nanomaterials as core components in batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysts are summarized, and the perspective directions of this emerging class of materials are also discussed.
Advanced 3D Current Collectors for Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Jin Song , Jiang Yu , Ji Hengxing , Yu Yan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLi‐based batteries are a hot research topic because they are the most popular energy storage system for high energy‐density devices. As an important component of the battery, the current collectors in both cathode and anode should be well designed. Herein, the design of 3D current collectors for Li‐based batteries is considered, including 3D metal‐based and carbon‐based current collectors. The progress in nanotechnology provides appropriate 3D current collectors characterized by highly efficient morphologies and architectures. In particular, 3D current collectors with different morphology are classified. Critical factors of current collectors that affect the electrochemical performance of Li‐based batteries are comprehensively debated. Finally, conclusion and perspectives of the future research in this field are discussed.
Interface Design of Hybrid Electron Extraction Layer for Relieving Hysteresis and Retarding Charge Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Byeong Jo , Kim Min‐cheol , Lee Dong Geon , Lee Gunhee , Bang Gi Joo , Jeon Jae Bum , Choi Mansoo , Jung Hyun Suk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnhancing electron extraction with efficient charge carrier separation, hybrid interface layer composed of amorphous TiO2 and [6,6]‐Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is adopted to conventional n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells. In hybrid double layer, a‐TiO2 plays a role about efficient electron selective contact with perovskite material, while PC60 BM help electrons to rapidly extract from perovskite layers. From this new concept of configuration, it is possible to achieve not only high power conversion efficiencies but also low hysteretic behaviors in terms of current–voltage sweep direction. These enhanced characteristics are verified with photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic measurements. With such high efficiency and nonhysteretic perovskite solar cells, it is able to fabricate extremely high‐efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells which can be compared with the world's highest‐efficiency flexible perovskite devices.
Efficient Overcoming of Blood–Brain Barrier by Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles to Treat Glioma
Authors: Chen Mengqi , Huang Yanyu , Zhu Xueqiong , Hu Xiaoli , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) can block drug delivery into the human brain, and thus remains the primary obstacle in the efficient treatment of glioma. Herein, Polyporus Amboinensis Lam (PAL)‐functionalized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) (hereafter referred to as PAL‐SeNPs) are fabricated as a cancer‐targeted nanosystem to antagonize the BBB and thus enhance anti‐glioma ability. The robust synthesis of PAL‐SeNPs confers the nanosystem with high‐stability and the ideal size for efficient endocytosis in glioma cells. The structure similarity of PAL with αvβ3 integrin, which is overexpressed on glioma cells, increases the selectivity between glioma cells and normal gliocytes via the PAL/αvβ3 integrin‐mediated targeting effect, and displays a favorable anti‐glioma effect by hastening m‐TOR‐mediated cell apoptosis. Pharmacokinetics analysis demonstrates that PAL‐SeNPs improves the half‐life of SeNPs in blood and ensures their sufficient accumulation in the brain. PAL‐SeNPs facilitate effective transportability across the BBB and exhibit superior permeability into glioma tumor spheroid. Taken together, this study provides a robust strategy of using SeNPs to overcome the BBB for enhanced anti‐glioma treatment.
Income, wealth and economic inequality in Australia
Authors: Tapper Alan , Fenna Alan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEconomic well‐being and economic inequality are usually quantified using income measurements of various sorts. Such analyses overlook the contribution of wealth – a potentially very significant factor. In this article, we integrate wealth and income data to provide a more comprehensive accounting of economic well‐being and economic inequality in Australia. Using the Australian Bureau of Statistics Household Expenditure Survey microdata for 2009–2010, we present a cross‐sectional analysis of wealth‐adjusted income. We examine the relative contributions of income and wealth to wealth‐adjusted income and compare the distribution of wealth‐adjusted income to the distribution of income and the distribution of wealth. Wealth, we find, makes up between one‐fifth and two‐fifths of wealth‐adjusted income; the incorporation of wealth increases the inequality already present in the income distribution (as measured using final incomes) by about 25 per cent.
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in a patient with AIDS successfully treated with veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report and literature review
Authors: Obata Reiichiro , Azuma Kazunari , Nakamura Itaru , Oda Jun 
Published: August 2018

CaseSeveral successful uses of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with novel HIV/AIDS infection have been reported; however, the therapeutic keys have not always been discussed.A 47‐year‐old man was admitted with progressive shortness of breath. He was in respiratory failure with a PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 110.8 requiring intubation. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse ground glass opacities. An HIV infection was suspected, and a diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome was made. Based on clinical indications, treatment for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and concomitant bacterial infection was started.OutcomeDespite broad‐spectrum antibiotics, the patient's oxygenation deteriorated, necessitating ECMO. After 19 days of ECMO therapy, the patient was successfully decannulated and was eventually discharged.ConclusionIn acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with HIV/AIDS refractory to treatment, ECMO should be considered. Post‐ECMO antiretroviral therapy could improve outcomes.
A Nonheme Sulfur‐Ligated {FeNO}6 Complex and Comparison with Redox‐Interconvertible {FeNO}7 and {FeNO}8 Analogues
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Confer Alex M. , Vilbert Avery C. , Moënne‐Loccoz Pierre , Lancaster Kyle M. , Goldberg David P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA nonheme {FeNO}6 complex, [Fe(NO)(N3PyS)]2+, was synthesized by reversible, one‐electron oxidation of an {FeNO}7 analogue. This complex completes the first known series of sulfur‐ligated {FeNO}6–8 complexes. All three {FeNO}6–8 complexes are readily interconverted by one‐electron oxidation/reduction. A comparison of spectroscopic data (UV/Vis, NMR, IR, Mössbauer, X‐ray absorption) provides a complete picture of the electronic and structural changes that occur upon {FeNO}6–{FeNO}8 interconversion. Dissociation of NO from the new {FeNO}6 complex is shown to be controlled by solvent, temperature, and photolysis, which is rare for a sulfur‐ligated {FeNO}6 species.
Ultrasmall Nanopipette: Toward Continuous Monitoring of Redox Metabolism at Subcellular Level
Authors: Song Juan , Xu Cong‐Hui , Huang Shi‐Zhen , Lei Wen , Ruan Yi‐Fan , Lu Hai‐Jie , Zhao Wei , Xu Jing‐Juan , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIonic current rectification (ICR) based nanopipettes allow accurate monitoring of cellular behavior in single living cells. Herein, we proposed a 30 nm nanopipette functionalized with G‐quadruplex DNAzyme as an efficient biomimetic recognizer for ROS generation at subcellular level via the changes of current–voltage relationship. Taking advantages of the ultra‐small tip, the nanopipette could penetrate into a single living cell repeatedly or keep measuring for a long time without compromising the cellular functions. Coupled with precision nanopositioning system, generation of ROS in mitochondria in response to cell inflammation was determined with high spatial resolution. Meanwhile, the changes of aerobic metabolism in different cell lines under drug‐induced oxidative stress were monitored continuously. We believe that the ICR‐nanopipette could be developed as a powerful approach for the study of cellular activities via electrochemical imaging in living cells.
Fluorescent poly(hydroxyurethane): Biocompatibility evaluation and selective detection ofFe(III)
Authors: Xu Wan , Liu Bin , Cai Xiaobo , Zhang Mohan , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Yu Peilin 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPolyurethane (PU) is widely used in biomedical applications owing to its excellent physical and chemical properties. As an isocyanate‐free PU material, fluorescent poly(hydroxyurethane) (FPHU) is synthesized from the addition of the cyclic carbonates with amines rather than the toxic isocyanate with diols, which reduces the possible injury to the human due to trace amounts of the isocyanate residues. Herein, we report the biocompatibility of a FPHU that can be synthesized from carbon dioxide, bisepoxides, and diamine in tandem. Of unique, FPHU exhibits a strong blue fluorescence and is selectively sensitive to Fe3+with a detection limit of 4.56 μM. The overall results of the methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium, cytokine release, and hemolysis assays for FPHU indicates that FPHU has much lower cytotoxicity and immunotoxicity compared with the traditional isocyanate PU, as well as a good blood compatibility with less than 5% hemolysis rate. Therefore, FPHU presents as a kind of safer PU and can be prospectively applied in medical materials.
Flame‐retardant polyacrylonitrile fabric prepared by ultraviolet‐induced grafting with glycidyl methacrylate followed by ammoniation and phosphorylation
Authors: Ren Yuanlin , Qin Yiwen , Liu Xiaohui , Huo Tongguo , Jiang Lina , Tian Tian 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTA novel flame‐retardant polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fabric was successfully prepared by ultraviolet‐induced grafting polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the surface of PAN fabric (PAN‐g‐GMA) followed by ammoniation and phosphorylation. The effects of irradiation time, initiator concentration, and monomer concentration on the grafting percentage were researched. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicated the successful modification. Thermal behaviors of the samples were studied by thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the fire‐retardant PAN fabric (FR‐PAN) has good char‐forming ability. Cone calorimeter tests showed that the total heat release of FR‐PAN decreased from 7.3 MJ/m2 to 4.6 MJ/m2 with 37% reduction. At the same time, the peak of heat release rate of FR‐PAN fell from 374 kW/m2 to 162 kW/m2 with 57% decrease. Moreover, the total smoke production and peak of smoke production rate of FR‐PAN dropped from 1.5 m2 and 0.06 m2/s for the control sample to 0.4 m2 and 0.03 m2/s, respectively. The limiting oxygen index value of FR‐PAN fabric was 30.7% after 30 washing cycles, indicating good washing resistance and excellent flame‐retardant durability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46752.
Continuous Fixed‐Time Controller Design for Dynamic Systems with Unmeasurable States Subject to Unbounded Disturbances
Authors: Basin Michael , Avellaneda Fernando Guerra 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a nonlinear continuous observer‐based controller that provides fixed‐time convergence to the origin (a vicinity of the origin) of a higher‐order dynamic system subject to unbounded disturbances, whose only measurable state is the highest relative degree one. The settling time estimation problem is solved computing an uniform upper bound of the fixed convergence time of the designed controller. Finally, the designed algorithm is verified in a case study of an industrial armature‐controlled DC motor.
Coupling of Nickel Boride and Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets with Hierarchical Interconnected Conductive Porous Structure Synergizes the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liang Xiaoguang , Dong Ruoting , Li Dapan , Bu Xiuming , Li Fangzhou , Shu Lei , Wei Renjie , Ho Johnny C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEarth‐abundant and highly‐efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are urgently desired to realize the large‐scale storage and conversion of renewable energies. In this work, we develop a hierarchical porous electrocatalyst structure utilizing Ni(OH)2 nanosheets directly synthesized on Ni foam as the conductive and interconnected supports. By coupling with amorphous Ni−B nanoparticles, this hybrid catalyst exhibits dramatically enhanced electrocatalytic activities and durabilities towards OER. In specific, along with the optimized Ni−B loading, this catalyst requires only an impressively small overpotential of 300 mV to drive a current density of 100 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Meanwhile, it also yields a small Tafel slope of 49 mV dec−1 and a superior long‐term stability. All these results evidently indicate that the hierarchical hybridization of Ni−B with Ni(OH)2 on Ni foam can effectively synergize the oxygen evolution, opening up a new vista for designing high‐performance transition metal‐based nanostructures in the field of electrochemical water splitting.
Application of multivariate statistical techniques to assess the phenolic compounds and the in vitro antioxidant activity of commercial grape cultivars
Authors: Sridhar Kandi , Charles Albert Linton 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMultivariate statistical techniques were used to differentiate two popularly consumed grape cultivars in Taiwan, Kyoho (Vitis labruscana) and American wild bunch (Vitis aestivalis), based on their phenolic content and antioxidant properties. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, and polyphenolic profile were estimated by the Folin‐Ciocalteu, colorimetric method, and ultra performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Antioxidant activities were determined by 2,2 diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide scavenging activity (NOSA), hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, and total antioxidant activity methods. Data were processed using multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. Variations in polyphenolic compositions were attributed to higher TFC (3.42 mg QE/g), ABTS• (79.08%), NOSA (27.62%), total antioxidant (77.91%), and superoxide (46.55%) radical scavenging activities of Kyoho grape extracts; and higher inhibition capacity by DPPH• (97.26%), FRAP (4.66 mM FeSO4/g), and hydrogen peroxide (40.52%) scavenging methods for American wild bunch grape extracts. Two discriminant functions in DA reported the contribution of each phenolic and antioxidant activity in discriminating the cultivars. The results of PCA analysis reported 91.35% of the total variance, which was a suitable approach for evaluating similarities between both cultivars. Statistical analyses confirmed Kyoho and American wild bunch grape extracts differed from each other in terms of polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activities. Therefore, the application of multivariate statistical techniques used in the study provided further understanding on assessment of polyphenols and antioxidant activities of these grape cultivars.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Compressibilities of Mn3−xIr5B2+x (0≤x≤0.5) and Mn2IrB2
Authors: Petermüller Benedikt , Neun Christopher , Stekiel Michal , Zimmer Dominik , Tribus Martina , Wurst Klaus , Winkler Björn , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe new ternary transition metal borides Mn3‐xIr5B2+x (0≤x≤0.5) and Mn2IrB2 were synthesized from the elements under high temperature and high‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions. Both phases can be synthesized as powder samples in a radio‐frequency furnace in argon atmosphere. High‐pressure/high‐temperature conditions were used to grow single‐crystals. The phases represent the first ternary compounds within the system Mn–Ir–B. Mn3−xIr5B2+x (0≤x≤0.5) crystallizes in the Ti3Co5B2 structure type (P4/mbm; no. 127) with parameters a=9.332(1), c=2.896(2) Å, and Z=2. Mn2IrB2 crystallizes in the β‐Cr2IrB2 crystal structure type (Cmcm; no. 63) with parameters a=3.135(3), b=9.859(5), c=13.220(3) Å, and Z=8. The compositions of both compounds were confirmed by EDX measurements and the compressibility was determined experimentally for Mn3−xIr5B2+x and by DFT calculations for Mn2IrB2.
Lewis‐Acid Stabilized Organoimide Complexes of Divalent Samarium, Europium, and Ytterbium
Authors: Wolf Benjamin M. , Stuhl Christoph , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Anwander Reiner 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDiscrete organoimide complexes of the divalent rare‐earth metals samarium, europium, and ytterbium are reported. Tandem salt metathesis‐protonolysis reactions using LnII bis(tetramethylaluminate) precursors [Ln(AlMe4)2]n and monopotassium salts of 2,6‐diisopropylaniline (H2NDipp) and triphenylsilylamine prove viable and efficient protocols. Depending on the ionic radius of the LnII metal centers and the steric demand of the imido carbon backbone, mono‐ and dilanthanide arrangements of general composition [(thf)xLn(NR)(AlMe3)]y (Ln=Sm, Eu, Yb; R=Dipp, SiPh3) are found in the solid state. Complex formation and stabilization is achieved by coordination of the Lewis acid AlMe3, which also prevents formation of higher aggregated species. The feasibility of redox chemistry is shown with the plumbocene derivative Cp*2Pb, providing access to the corresponding monomeric LnIII half‐sandwich complexes [Cp*Ln(NR)(AlMe3)(thf)2] (Ln=Sm, Yb).
Interconnected Porous Monolith Prepared via UiO‐66 Stabilized Pickering High Internal Phase Emulsion Template
Authors: Wang Jierui , Zhu He , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templating offers an efficient approach to prepare 3D hierarchical porous metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based monoliths. However, conventional poly‐Pickering HIPEs synthesized from MOF‐stabilized HIPEs have low permeability due to closed‐cell structures, thus limiting their applications. Herein, interconnected porous MOF monoliths, prepared by adding a small amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as co‐stabilizer into UiO‐66 stabilized Pickering HIPE templates are reported. The morphology of the porous monoliths was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pore size could be well controlled by varying the PVA concentration. A unique morphology, formed by an ice template, was clearly seen on the cell wall. The pores were thus interconnected. The mass transfer performance of the monoliths having different cell structures was investigated by CO2 adsorption. The interconnected porous structure significantly accelerated the CO2 adsorption process, as well as enhancing the saturated adsorption capacity.
Eosin Y as a Redox Catalyst and Photosensitizer for Sequential Benzylic C−H Amination and Oxidation
Authors: Yan Dong‐Mei , Zhao Quan‐Qing , Rao Li , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA new synergistic multicatalytic activation mode of eosin Y has been discovered by exploiting the redox potential of its ground state and excited state. This catalytic strategy proves to be an enabling tool for visible‐light‐driven sequential benzylic C−H amination and oxidation of o‐benzyl‐N‐methoxyl‐benzamides when using Selectfluor as a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reagent and O2 as oxidant. Efficient synthesis of a range of diversely functionalized 3‐hydroxyisoindolinones can thus be achieved with good yields and selectivity at mild reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies and DFT calculations suggest that eosin Y works as a redox catalyst and photosensitizer.
Diverse Fates of β‐Silyl Radical under Manganese Catalysis: Hydrosilylation and Dehydrogenative Silylation of Alkenes
Authors: Yang Xiaoxu , Wang Congyang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractManganese‐catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenes has been underdeveloped for a long time. Herein, we describe a general, chemo‐ and regio‐ selective hydrosilylation of alkenes by using the Mn(CO)5Br catalyst with ample substrate scopes. Meanwhile, dehydrogenative silylation of aryl olefins can be selectively achieved upon the catalysis of dinuclear Mn2(CO)10. Mechanistic experiments revealed diverse fates of the common intermediate β‐silyl radical, namely, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) for the hydrosilylation and organometallic β‐H elimination for the dehydrogenative silylation of olefins.
Stabilization of mode in imbalanced operation of matrix converter by time‐delayed feedback control
Authors: Sánchez Manuel , Okuda Takafumi , Hikihara Takashi 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe symmetry breaking of the loads of a matrix converter (MC) generated an imbalance that induced a quasiperiodic behavior at the input side of the MC. In addition, the load imbalance generated a negative‐sequence current at the input side. This paper adopts the time‐delayed feedback control (TDFC) to attenuate the quasiperiodic oscillation and the negative‐sequence component caused by the symmetry breaking. The results indicate that the attenuation of the quasiperiodic behavior directly leads to a decrease of the negative‐sequence current component. As a result, the TDFC improves the operation of the MC under unbalanced loads and part of the periodic symmetry is regained at the input side.