bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Bing Jueming , Kim Jincheol , Zhang Meng , Zheng Jianghui , Lee Da Seul , Cho Yongyoon , Deng Xiaofan , Lau Cho Fai Jonathan , Li Yong , Green Martin A. , Huang Shujuan , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper provides deep understanding of the formation mechanism of perovskite film fabricated by sequential solution‐based methods. It compares two sequential spin‐coating methods for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. First is the “static process,” with a stoppage between the two spin‐coating steps (1st PbI2‐CsI‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and 2nd methylammonium iodide (MAI)‐formamidinium iodide (FAI)‐isopropyl alcohol). Second is the “dynamic process,” where the 2nd precursor is dispensed while the substrate is still spinning from the 1st step. For the first time, such a dynamic process is used for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. Characterizations reveal improved film formation with the dynamic process due to the “retainment” of DMSO‐complex necessary for the intermediate phase which i) promotes intercalation between precursors and ii) slows down perovskite crystallization for full conversion. The comparison on as‐deposited perovskite before annealing indicates a more ordered film using this dynamic process. This results in a thicker, more uniform film with higher degree of preferred crystal orientation and higher carrier lifetime after annealing. Therefore, dynamic‐processed devices present better performance repeatability, achieving a higher average efficiency of 17.0% compared to static ones (15.0%). The new insights provided by this work are important for perovskite solar cells processed sequentially as the process has greater flexibility in resolving solvent incompatibility, allowing separate optimizations and allowing different deposition methods.
Volume‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Viruses
Authors: Zhang Xingang , Zhang Xiaolei , Luo Changliang , Liu Zhengqi , Chen Yiyun , Dong Shilian , Jiang Changzhong , Yang Shikuan , Wang Fubing , Xiao Xiangheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVirus detection and analysis are of critical importance in biological fields and medicine. Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has shown great promise in small molecule and even single molecule detection, and can provide fingerprint signals of molecules. Despite the powerful detection capabilities of SERS, the size discrepancy between the SERS “hot spots” (generally, <10 nm) and viruses (usually, sub‐100 nm) yields poor detection reliability of viruses. Inspired by the concept of molecular imprinting, a volume‐enhanced Raman scattering (VERS) substrate composed of hollow nanocones at the bottom of microbowls (HNCMB) is developed. The hollow nanocones of the resulting VERS substrates serve a twofold purpose: 1) extending the region of Raman signal enhancement from the nanocone surface (e.g., surface “hot spots”) to the hollow area within the cone (e.g., volume “hot spots”)—a novel method of Raman signal enhancement, and 2) directing analyte such as viruses of a wide range of sizes to those VERS “hot spots” while simultaneously increasing the surface area contributing to SERS. Using HNCMB VERS substrates, greatly improved Raman signals of single viruses are demonstrated, an achievement with important implications in disease diagnostics and monitoring, biomedical fields, as well as in clinical treatment.
Tuning the performance of a computational persistent homology package
Authors: Hylton Alan , Henselman‐Petrusek Gregory , Sang Janche , Short Robert 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn recent years, persistent homology has become an attractive method for data analysis. It captures topological features, such as connected components, holes, and voids, from point cloud data and summarizes the way in which these features appear and disappear in a filtration sequence. In this project, we focus on improving the performance of Eirene, a computational package for persistent homology. Eirene is a 5000‐line open‐source software library implemented in the dynamic programming language Julia. We use the Julia profiling tools to identify performance bottlenecks and develop novel methods to manage them, including the parallelization of some time‐consuming functions on multicore/manycore hardware. Empirical results show that performance can be greatly improved.
Donor‐Acceptor Cyclopropanes in the Synthesis of Carbocycles
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDonor‐acceptor cyclopropanes not only participate in a broad range of ring openings with nucleophiles, electrophiles, radical and red‐ox agents, but also are excellent substrates for various (3+n)‐cycloaddition and (3+n)‐annulation processes. Moreover, under treatment with Lewis acid donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes can produce new ring systems via isomerization or cyclodimerization. Authors’ contribution to the synthesis of diverse carbocycles from donor‐acceptor cyclopropanes is summarized in this account.
Analytical and finite element solution of the sliding frictional contact problem for a homogeneous orthotropic coating‐isotropic substrate system
Authors: Yilmaz K. B. , Çömez İ. , Güler M. A. , Yildirim B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, the contact problem for a homogeneous orthotropic coating‐isotropic substrate system is considered. The rigid stamp slides over the orthotropic coating whose bottom surface is bonded to a homogeneous isotropic substrate. The bottom surface of the substrate is fixed to the ground. By using Fourier integral transforms, the partial differential equations are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The displacement components for coating and substrate are obtained by solving the corresponding ODEs. A numerical study based on finite element analysis (FEA) is also conducted. The results from the analytical formulation are directly compared with the FEA results. The effects of orthotropic and isotropic material properties, coefficient of friction between the sliding surfaces, geometrical properties on the contact stresses and contact widths are presented. The results of this study may help tribology engineers to understand the deformation characteristics of the coating‐substrate systems and enhance their knowledge on friction and wear mechanisms of sliding surfaces.
An asymmetric St. Petersburg game with trimming
Authors: Gut Allan , Martin-Löf Anders 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Let Sn,n≥1, be the successive sums of the payoffs in the classical St. Petersburg game. The celebrated Feller weak law states that Sn∕(nlog2n)→ℙ1 as n→∞. In this paper we review some earlier results of ours and extend some of them as we consider an asymmetric St. Petersburg game, in which the distribution of the payoff X is given by ℙ(X=srk-1)=pqk-1,k=1,2,…, where p+q=1 and s,r>0. Two main results are extensions of the Feller weak law and the convergence in distribution theorem of Martin-Löf (1985). Moreover, it is well known that almost-sure convergence fails, though Csörgő and Simons (1996) showed that almost-sure convergence holds for trimmed sums and also for sums trimmed by an arbitrary fixed number of maxima. In view of the discreteness of the distribution we focus on `max-trimmed sums', that is, on the sums trimmed by the random number of observations that are equal to the largest one, and prove limit theorems for simply trimmed sums, for max-trimmed sums, as well as for the `total maximum'. Analogues with respect to the random number of summands equal to the minimum are also obtained and, finally, for joint trimming.
Asymptotics of fluctuations in Crump‒Mode‒Jagers processes: the lattice case
Authors: Janson Svante 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Consider a supercritical Crump‒Jagers process in which all births are at integer times (the lattice case). Let μ̂(z) be the generating function of the intensity of the offspring process, and consider the complex roots of μ̂(z)=1. The root of smallest absolute value is e-α=1∕m, where α>0 is the Malthusian parameter; let γ* be the root of second smallest absolute value. Subject to some technical conditions, the second-order fluctuations of the age distribution exhibit one of three types of behaviour: (i) when γ*>e-α∕2=m-1∕2, they are asymptotically normal; (ii) when γ*=e-α∕2, they are still asymptotically normal, but with a larger variance; and (iii) when γ*<e-α∕2, the fluctuations are in general oscillatory and (degenerate cases excluded) do not converge in distribution. This trichotomy is similar to what has been observed in related situations, such as some other branching processes and for Pólya urns. The results lead to a symbolic calculus describing the limits. The asymptotic results also apply to the total of other (random) characteristics of the population.
The time to absorption in Λ-coalescents
Authors: Kersting Götz , Wakolbinger Anton 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present a law of large numbers and a central limit theorem for the time to absorption of Λ-coalescents with dust started from n blocks, as n→∞. The proofs rely on an approximation of the logarithm of the block-counting process by means of a drifted subordinator.
Rank-dependent Galton‒Watson processes and their pathwise duals
Authors: Sagitov Serik , Jagers Jonas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe introduce a modified Galton‒Watson process using the framework of an infinite system of particles labelled by (x,t), wherexis the rank of the particle born at timet. The key assumption concerning the offspring numbers of different particles is that they are independent, but their distributions may depend on the particle label (x,t). For the associated system of coupled monotone Markov chains, we address the issue of pathwise duality elucidated by a remarkable graphical representation in which the trajectories of the primary Markov chains and their duals coalesce to form forest graphs on a two-dimensional grid.
The weak law of large numbers for nonnegative summands
Authors: Seneta Eugene 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Khintchine's (necessary and sufficient) slowly varying function condition for the weak law of large numbers (WLLN) for the sum of n nonnegative, independent and identically distributed random variables is used as an overarching (sufficient) condition for the case that the number of summands is more generally [cn],cn→∞. Either the norming sequence {an},an→∞, or the number of summands sequence {cn}, can be chosen arbitrarily. This theorem generalizes results from a motivating branching process setting in which Khintchine's sufficient condition is automatically satisfied. A second theorem shows that Khintchine's condition is necessary for the generalized WLLN when it holds with cn→∞ and an→∞. Theorem 3, which is known, gives a necessary and sufficient condition for Khintchine's WLLN to hold with cn=n and an a specific function of n; it is extended to general cn subject to a growth restriction in Theorem 4. Section 6 returns to the branching process setting.
Sensitivity analysis and passive control of the secondary instability in the wake of a cylinder
Authors: Giannetti F. , Camarri S. , Citro V. 
Published: February 2019

The stability properties of selected flow configurations, usually denoted as base flows, can be significantly altered by small modifications of the flow, which can be caused, for instance, by a non-intrusive passive control. This aspect is amply demonstrated in the literature by ad hoc sensitivity studies which, however, focus on configurations characterised by a steady base flow. Nevertheless, several flow configurations of interest are characterised by a time-periodic base flow. To this purpose, we propose here an original theoretical framework suitable to quantify the effects of base-flow variations in the stability properties of saturated time-periodic limit cycles. In particular, starting from a Floquet analysis of the linearised Navier–Stokes equations and using adjoint methods, it is possible to estimate the variation of a selected Floquet exponent caused by a generic structural perturbation of the base-flow equations. This link is expressed concisely using the adjoint operators coming from the analysis, and the final result, when applied to spatially localised disturbances, is used to build spatial sensitivity and control maps. These maps identify the regions of the flow where the placement of a infinitesimal small object produces the largest effect on the Floquet exponent and may also provide a quantification of this effect. Such analysis brings useful insights both for passive control strategies and for further characterising the investigated instability. As an example of application, the proposed analysis is applied here to the three-dimensional flow instabilities in the wake past a circular cylinder. This is a classical problem which has been widely studied in the literature. Nevertheless, by applying the proposed analysis we derive original results comprising a further characterisation of the instability and related control maps. We finally show that the control maps obtained here are in very good agreement with control experiments documented in the literature.
Axisymmetric flows in the exterior of a cylinder
Authors: Abe K. , Seregin G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study an initial-boundary value problem of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the exterior of a cylinder$\Pi =\{x=(x_{h}, x_3)\ \vert \vert x_{h} \vert \gt 1\}$, subject to the slip boundary condition. We construct unique global solutions for axisymmetric initial data$u_0\in L^{3}\cap L^{2}(\Pi )$satisfying the decay condition of the swirl component$ru^{\theta }_{0}\in L^{\infty }(\Pi )$.
Preventative and medical treatment of ear disease in remote or resource-constrained environments
Authors: Brophy-Williams S , Jarosz K , Sommer J , Leach A J , Morris P S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundImportant ear problems can affect the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. Globally, the greatest burden of disease is due to ear conditions that are associated with otorrhoea and hearing loss.MethodsThis study reviewed the literature on the prevention and treatment of common ear conditions that are most relevant to settings with high rates of ear disease and limited resources. The grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (‘GRADE’) approach was utilised to assess interventions.ResultsAccurate diagnosis of ear disease is challenging. Much of the preventable burden of ear disease is associated with otitis media. Nine otitis media interventions for which there is moderate to high certainty of effect were identified. While most interventions only provide modest benefit, the impact of treatment is more substantial in children with acute otitis media with perforation and chronic suppurative otitis media.ConclusionDisease prevention through good hygiene practices, breastfeeding, reducing smoke exposure, immunisation and limiting noise exposure is recommended. Children with acute otitis media with perforation, chronic suppurative otitis media, complications of otitis media, and significant hearing loss should be prioritised for medical treatment.
Controlling active ageing: a study of social imaginaries of older people in Chile
Authors: Meersohn Schmidt Cynthia , Yang Keming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA key issue in understanding the social lives of older people is how active they are in coping with the demands of ageing. Often the ‘successfulness’ of ageing is measured with medical and biological criteria. While the notion of ‘active ageing’ is more appealing and neutral, its meaning is often obscured, fragmented or inconsistent. Our aims in this study were to establish ‘active ageing’ as a process in which older people try to take control of their lives by conforming to or resisting different social imaginaries of later life, and to explore individuals’ strategies for making the best use of available resources and fending off potential risks of social exclusion. We adopted a two-stage research design. First, we produced artistic images that corresponded to social imaginaries of tensions in ageing in three social domains (politics, mass media and older people). Then, we used these images as stimuli in interviews with a balanced sample of 32 middle-aged and older residents of Santiago, Chile, to discover their strategies for coping with these tensions. Although imaginaries of ageing tended to describe ageing in terms of restrictions and stereotypes, we found diverse and increasingly flexible life projects and expectations of activity in later life.
PROCESSING INSTRUCTION AND THE EFFECTS OF INPUT MODALITY AND VOICE FAMILIARITY ON THE ACQUISITION OF THE FRENCH CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ito Kiwako , Wong Wynne 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTwo eye-tracking experiments tested (a) whether L2 learners benefit from the consistency of input modality (auditory instead of written processing instruction [PI] training) and (b) whether they benefit from training using the same voice as the test voice. Results confirmed a robust effect of PI training on picture-selection accuracy, yet the improvement did not differ between training modalities. Eye-tracking data revealed resilient looks to the incorrect (first noun = agent) picture even after training, demonstrating the challenge in tuning to the grammatical forms while processing auditory L2 input. The effect of voice familiarity was larger for the male voice, which had longer duration for the later cue (à Marie/Pierre) than the female voice. Auditory PI training can be as effective as written PI training, but it does not immediately enhance learners’ sensitivity to grammatical cues. However, learners may benefit from hearing a salient grammatical cue toward the end of the sentence.
Analysis of Natural Rutile (TiO2) by Laser-assisted Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Verberne Rick , Saxey David W. , Reddy Steven M. , Rickard William D. A. , Fougerouse Denis , Clark Chris 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the introduction of laser-assisted atom probe, analysis of nonconductive materials by atom probe tomography (APT) has become more routine. To obtain high-quality data, a number of acquisition variables needs to be optimized for the material of interest, and for the specific question being addressed. Here, the rutile (TiO2) reference material ‘Windmill Hill Quartzite,’ used for secondary ion mass spectrometry U–Pb dating and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, was analyzed by laser-assisted APT to constrain optimal running conditions. Changes in acquisition parameters such as laser energy and detection rate are evaluated in terms of their effect on background noise, ionization state, hit-multiplicity, and thermal tails. Higher laser energy results in the formation of more complex molecular ions and affects the ionization charge state. At lower energies, background noise and hit-multiplicity increase, but thermal tails shorten. There are also correlations between the acquisition voltage and several of these metrics, which remain to be fully understood. The results observed when varying the acquisition parameters will be discussed in detail in the context of utilizing APT analysis of rutile within geology.
Libraries at Work: Exploring the Relationship Between Libraries and Work
Authors: John Gemma 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper, written by Gemma John and based on her keynote address at BIALL's 49th Annual Study Conference held in Birmingham in June 2018, explores the value of offices and libraries as spaces for meeting, sharing and learning in a moment when new technology enables individuals to access information anywhere, anytime, at the click of a mouse. Drawing on first-hand material from research, policy and projects, it explores the transformation of offices and libraries as workspaces, and the place of offices in the library and of libraries in the office. It focuses on how both offices and libraries are being designed for productivity as the boundary between work and home begins to blur in the United Kingdom.
Reaching and Teaching Millennials: Designing the Future of Student Services
Authors: Detweiler Brian , Mattioli Kimberly , Martinez Mike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractToday's students have come to expect library services that are quite different from their predecessors and law librarians must evolve to meet their needs. As law libraries in the United States face the realities of declining enrolment and decreasing budgets, it is imperative that we find new and creative ways to build positive relationships with our students while also preparing them for the realities of practicing law in an environment driven by rapid technological change. Three law librarians from the United States, Brian Detweiler, Kimberly Mattioli, and Mike Martinez, Jr., discuss their successes and failures in reaching out to their student populations, creating and evaluating various student-centred instructional programmes, and in establishing a strategic plan to meet the needs of millennial law students.
The Legal Career (R)Evolution and Mentoring Through Technology
Authors: Hemming Ann , Wilkinson James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTechnology is transforming the way legal work is being delivered. It is influencing what law firms, clients and legal departments are expecting of their employees and what employees are expecting of their employers. It is reshaping legal education and careers; lawyers are becoming legal knowledge engineers, information professionals and knowledge managers are working closer than ever with IT teams. In this article, Ann Hemming and James Wilkinson will be considering lawyers’ training and BIALL members’ role in the landscape being reshaped by legal technology.
Revisiting Anglicanism’s Vocation to Disappear
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn face of uncertainty about the Anglican Communion’s future, this article attempts to rearticulate a vision of Anglicanism’s vocation in terms of its incompleteness and provisionality. Drawing from the thought of Michael Ramsey, Ephraim Radner and Paul Avis, I suggest that Anglicanism’s vocation, like that of any church, is to disappear. At the same time, it is a vocation tempered by the knowledge that, even in its incompleteness and provisionality, Anglicanism has a pastoral responsibility to provide care for the Christians within the Communion. Finally, this is a penitent vocation, and one which is held out as an invitation to all Christian churches.
Der Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire
Authors: Hartmann Andrea Sabrina 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Eine Körperbildstörung ist ein Symptom unterschiedlicher psychischer Störungen. Im deutschen Sprachraum fehlt ein Instrument, das die Körperbildstörung transdiagnostisch, global und unter Einbezug des Ausmaßes des Leidens und der Beeinträchtigung erfasst. Der aus dem Englischen übersetzte Body Image Disturbance Questionnaire (BIDQ) wurde in mehreren Teilstudien zusammen mit inhaltlich verwandten Instrumenten bei erwachsenen Männern und Frauen eingesetzt ( N = 997). In einer Studie wurde der BIDQ erneut nach 4 Wochen von einem Anteil der Teilnehmenden ( n = 68) ausgefüllt. Die bestätigte einfaktorielle Struktur des BIDQ zeigte eine exzellente interne Konsistenz (α = .92) und kurzfristige Stabilität ( r = .89, p < .001). Er korrelierte signifikant mit spezifischen Körperbildkomponenten, körperbildassoziierter Psychopathologie und psychosozialem Wohlbefinden (BMI: .16 ≤ r ≤ .70; Essstörungspsychopathologie: alle p < .001). Der deutsche BIDQ erfasst erfolgreich transdiagnostisch die Schwere einer Körperbildstörung. Nach erwiesener Veränderungssensitivität kann er auch im Rahmen der Verlaufsdiagnostik bei der Behandlung unterschiedlicher psychischer Störungen eingesetzt werden.