bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic-based experimental mouthwash against cariogenic pathogen: An in vitro study
Authors: Elgamily Hanaa , Mosallam Osama , El-Sayed Hoda , Mosallam Rania 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of probiotic-experimental-based mouthwash (MW) against Streptococcus mutans in vitro. Materials and Methods Antimicrobial screening of two active additives (probiotic-zamzam) was tested against S. mutans using disc diffusion method. A total of three MWs ; (1) an experimental MW base formula, (2) an experimental MW base formula with the two active additives, and (3) commercial MW (hexitol), were evaluated against S. mutans by well diffusion method after 24 h and 72 h storage period. The survival profile of probiotic strain in the experimental MW was determined using colony counting method as well as the pH changes at three intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and t-test to compare the inhibition zone diameter. Results: For active additives, probiotic strain exhibited higher mean inhibition zones values than zamzam water against S. mutans. Regarding the inhibition zones for the three tested MWs, the experimental MW showed significant increase in the inhibition zone after 72 h, while there was insignificant change with commercial MW. For probiotic count in MW, there was insignificant change in bacterial count after 24 h, and significant decrease after 15 days, followed by insignificant change after 30 days. For the pH values of the experimental MW, a statistically insignificant change was found after 24 h, significant decrease after 15 days and insignificant change after 30 days. Conclusions The probiotic-zamzam experimental MW was effective in reducing S. mutans. Zamzam water could be considered as prebiotic ingredient. Therefore, the probiotic-zamzam MW has a potential therapeutic value.
Expériences de Fougères. Quatrième partie. Immunisation de la génisse et de la vache avec 1 ou 2 doses de vaccin H38 contre l’infection expérimentale à Brucella abortus
Authors:   Direction des Services Vétérinaires du Ministère de l'Agriculture, Dhennin L. 
Published: March 2018

The H28 Vaccine has been controled with one or two doses on heifers and cows experimentally infected by Brucella abortus. The high and persisting titer of agglutinines and sensitizers tends to decrease more rapidly in adults inoculated with one dose. With two doses of vaccine for the heifers the percentage of brucellic abortious is significantly reduced, but the protection against infection is almost as good with one injection.
The immunity confeied to heifers is better that the one obtained on adults.
Contribution à l’étude des réactions sérologiques et allergiques chez la chèvre sensibilisée par des antigènes tuberculeux
Authors: Thorel M. F. , Gaumont R. 
Published: March 2018

Une expérimentation relative au diagnostic sérologique et allergique de la tuberculose caprine a été réalisée sur cinquante chevrettes, réparties en quatre lots de dix, un cinquième servant de témoin. Après avoir été sensibilisées par voie veineuse ou par voie sous-cutanée, puis par voie intradermique, les chevrettes ont fait l'objet d’examens sérologiques et de tuberculinations à intervalles réguliers.
Les résultats des tuberculinations ont montré que le dépistage de la tuberculose chez la chèvre pouvait s’effectuer en utilisant l’intradermotuberculination sur la face latérale de l’encolure avec 0,2 ml soit 5 000 unités de tuberculine. La lecture a lieu vers la 72e h en considérant comme positif tout épaississement égal ou supérieur à 4 mm.
D’autre part, l’épreuve de fixation du complément, plus précocement positive que la tuberculination, la compléterait heureusement en palliant ses défaillances chez les caprins.
Management of a Severe Cervicofacial Odontogenic Infection
Authors: Tormes Ana KM , De Bortoli Manoela M , Júnior Rui M , Andrade Emanuel SS 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Odontogenic infections originate from a tooth or from its supporting structures, generally secondary to a pulp necrosis, periodontal disease, pericoronitis, apical lesions, or complications of dental procedures, which can be restricted to the alveolus or can reach the jaws and face through maxillofacial spaces. These are the most common conditions which affect the head and neck regions.

Aim
The aim of this study is to report a severe case of a cervicofacial odontogenic infection while discussing the most relevant aspects.

Case report
A 47-year-old female patient with a background of diabetes mellitus (DM) had a cervicofacial infection presenting edema and erythema in the left hemiface extending from the frontoparietal to cervical region and was submitted to extensive surgical treatment combined with antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion
Although the prevalence and complication rates of odontogenic infections had decreased with the advancement of diagnostic techniques, availability of effective antibiotics, and improvement in oral hygiene, still there are conditions that require attention and accurate treatment to prevent the progression of the pathology to deeper fascial spaces.

Clinical significance
Odontogenic infections can be treated with fewer complications if approached earlier when diagnosed while their premature clinical manifestations. However, if the treatment is postponed and the infection spreads into deeper fascial spaces, it can damage vital structures, and, consequently, threaten the patient’s life. In these cases, extensive and aggressive therapy should be performed.

How to cite this article
Tormes AKM, De Bortoli MM, Junior RM, Andrade ESS. Management of a Severe Cervicofacial Odontogenic Infection. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):352-355.
Dimensiones individuales, relacionales e institucionales en la resiliencia de profesores principiantes egresados de una universidad pública
Authors: Villalobos Vergara Paula Verónica , Assael Budnik Jenny 
Published: March 2018

A partir de la necesidad de comprender las condiciones que permiten a los docentes superar los desafíos propios de su labor y seguir comprometidos con la enseñanza, se recurre al concepto de resiliencia docente en un estudio con profesores principiantes, que busca comprender cómo operan las dimensiones individuales, relacionales e institucionales en la resiliencia de profesores novatos egresados de una universidad pública chilena. Con estos fines se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa de carácter exploratorio en la que se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a siete docentes de enseñanza básica y media, que fueron analizadas bajo los lineamientos de la teoría fundada. Los resultados indican, a nivel individual, la importancia de la disposición a aprender y las competencias pedagógicas, a nivel relacional, se evidencia la importancia de relaciones positivas con la jefatura, los pares, estudiantes y familia y, a nivel institucional, se manifiesta la importancia de brindar autonomía profesional y de contar con equipos multidisciplinarios de apoyo al trabajo de acompañamiento a los estudiantes.
How a European network may help with estimating methane emissions on the French national scale
Authors: Pison Isabelle , Berchet Antoine , Saunois Marielle , Bousquet Philippe , Broquet Grégoire , Conil Sébastien , Delmotte Marc , Ganesan Anita , Laurent Olivier , Martin Damien , O'Doherty Simon , Ramonet Michel , Spain T. Gerard , Vermeulen Alex , Yver Kwok Camille 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Methane emissions on the national scale in France in 2012 are inferred by assimilating continuous atmospheric mixing ratio measurements from nine stations of the European network ICOS located in France and surrounding countries. To assess the robustness of the fluxes deduced by our inversion system based on an objectified quantification of uncertainties, two complementary inversion set-ups are computed and analysed: (i) a regional run correcting for the spatial distribution of fluxes in France and (ii) a sectorial run correcting fluxes for activity sectors on the national scale. In addition, our results for the two set-ups are compared with fluxes produced in the framework of the inversion inter-comparison exercise of the InGOS project. The seasonal variability in fluxes is consistent between different set-ups, with maximum emissions in summer, likely due to agricultural activity. However, very high monthly posterior uncertainties (up to ≈ 65 to 74 % in the sectorial run in May and June) make it difficult to attribute maximum emissions to a specific sector. On the yearly and national scales, the two inversions range from 3835 to 4050 Gg CH4 and from 3570 to 4190 Gg CH4 for the regional and sectorial runs, respectively, consistently with the InGOS products. These estimates are 25 to 55 % higher than the total national emissions from bottom-up approaches (biogeochemical models from natural emissions, plus inventories for anthropogenic ones), consistently pointing at missing or underestimated sources in the inventories and/or in natural sources. More specifically, in the sectorial set-up, agricultural emissions are inferred as 66% larger than estimates reported to the UNFCCC. Uncertainties in the total annual national budget are 108 and 312 Gg CH4, i.e, 3 to 8 %, for the regional and sectorial runs respectively, smaller than uncertainties in available bottom-up products, proving the added value of top-down atmospheric inversions. Therefore, even though the surface network used in 2012 does not allow us to fully constrain all regions in France accurately, a regional inversion set-up makes it possible to provide estimates of French methane fluxes with an uncertainty in the total budget of less than 10 % on the yearly timescale. Additional sites deployed since 2012 would help to constrain French emissions on finer spatial and temporal scales and attributing missing emissions to specific sectors.
Direct measurement of NO3 radical reactivity in a boreal forest
Authors: Liebmann Jonathan , Karu Einar , Sobanski Nicolas , Schuladen Jan , Ehn Mikael , Schallhart Simon , Quéléver Lauriane , Hellen Heidi , Hakola Hannele , Hoffmann Thorsten , Williams Jonathan , Fischer Horst , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present the first direct measurements of NO3 reactivity (or
inverse lifetime, s−1) in the Finnish boreal forest. The data were
obtained during the IBAIRN campaign (Influence of Biosphere-Atmosphere
Interactions on the Reactive Nitrogen budget) which took place in
Hyytiälä, Finland during the summer/autumn transition in
September 2016. The NO3 reactivity was generally very high with a
maximum value of 0.94 s−1 and displayed a strong diel variation with a
campaign-averaged nighttime mean value of 0.11 s−1 compared to a
daytime value of 0.04 s−1. The highest nighttime NO3 reactivity
was accompanied by major depletion of canopy level ozone and was associated
with strong temperature inversions and high levels of monoterpenes. The
daytime reactivity was sufficiently large that reactions of NO3 with
organic trace gases could compete with photolysis and reaction with NO. There
was no significant reduction in the measured NO3 reactivity between
the beginning and end of the campaign, indicating that any seasonal reduction
in canopy emissions of reactive biogenic trace gases was offset by emissions
from the forest floor. Observations of biogenic hydrocarbons (BVOCs) suggested
a dominant role for monoterpenes in determining the NO3 reactivity.
Reactivity not accounted for by in situ measurement of NO and BVOCs was
variable across the diel cycle with, on average, ≈ 30 %
“missing” during nighttime and ≈ 60 % missing during the day.
Measurement of the NO3 reactivity at various heights (8.5 to 25 m)
both above and below the canopy, revealed a strong nighttime, vertical
gradient with maximum values closest to the ground. The gradient disappeared
during the daytime due to efficient vertical mixing.
A systemic approach for modeling soil functions
Authors: Vogel Hans-Jörg , Bartke Stephan , Daedlow Katrin , Helming Katharina , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid , Lang Birgit , Rabot Eva , Russell David , Stößel Bastian , Weller Ulrich , Wiesmeier Martin , Wollschläger Ute 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The central importance of soil for the functioning of terrestrial systems is increasingly recognized. Critically relevant for water quality, climate control, nutrient cycling and biodiversity, soil provides more functions than just the basis for agricultural production. Nowadays, soil is increasingly under pressure as a limited resource for the production of food, energy and raw materials. This has led to an increasing demand for concepts assessing soil functions so that they can be adequately considered in decision-making aimed at sustainable soil management. The various soil science disciplines have progressively developed highly sophisticated methods to explore the multitude of physical, chemical and biological processes in soil. It is not obvious, however, how the steadily improving insight into soil processes may contribute to the evaluation of soil functions. Here, we present to a new systemic modeling framework that allows for a consistent coupling between reductionist yet observable indicators for soil functions with detailed process understanding. It is based on the mechanistic relationships between soil functional attributes, each explained by a network of interacting processes as derived from scientific evidence. The non-linear character of these interactions produces stability and resilience of soil with respect to functional characteristics. We anticipate that this new conceptional framework will integrate the various soil science disciplines and help identify important future research questions at the interface between disciplines. It allows the overwhelming complexity of soil systems to be adequately coped with and paves the way for steadily improving our capability to assess soil functions based on scientific understanding.
In voor- en tegenspoed
Authors: Braat Eleni 
Published: March 2018

For better or for worse: The marriage between parliament and intelligence and security
Secrecy complicates the relationship between intelligence and security services and their responsible ministers on the one hand, and members of parliament on the other. How can parliament deal constructively with intelligence and security services, despite the secrecy involved? This article presents a novel conceptual framework to analyse political relations influenced by secrecy, based on four recurring types of parliamentary reactions to intelligence and security services. The focus is a case study of the Dutch parliament and Security Service (BVD) between 1975 and 1995. The analysis demonstrates that constructive parliamentary dealings with secret services depend both on party-political responses to secrecy and strategic responses on the part of the secret services to ambiguous relationships with parliament. The presented typology of four recurring parliamentary reactions to intelligence and security services and the model for constructive parliamentary debate contribute to a better understanding of reasons and consequences of political and societal reactions to the new Dutch Intelligence and Security Services Act (Wiv).
Zwijgen is zilver en spreken is goud
Authors: de Graaff Bob , Hijzen Constant 
Published: March 2018

Silence is silver, speaking is gold
Although traditionally, it has been argued that intelligence and security services can barely be discussed in public – a veil of secrecy makes a thorough and informed debate almost impossible, the outside world is ignorant, say the insiders – we argue that today’s mature civil society does not accept that anymore. Although the government has struggled to address social anxiety and political criticism in the past decades, communication and strategic discussions have never received proper attention. Due to the technological changes, affecting the intelligence practice as well as daily life of citizens, the authors argue that the positioning of intelligence and security services in the broader democratic state should receive structural attention and sustainable communication efforts.
Examination of enrichment using space and food for African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park
Authors: Hacker CE , Miller LJ , Schulte BA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConcern for elephant welfare in zoological facilities has prompted a number of exhibit and management modifications, including those involving enrichment. Knowledge of how these changes impact indicators of welfare, such as elephant movement and behaviour, is crucial for continued improvement of elephant husbandry and care. The present study used observations and GPS-collected data to determine the effects of available space and food presentation on the walking distance and behaviour of thirteen African elephants (Loxodonta africana), which had a dominance structure ascertained by animal care staff at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park (SDZSP). This facility has two exhibits of approximately equal size. Three treatments were created to assess the effects of food and space enrichment: (i) access to half of the exhibit with food (Half); (ii) access to the entire exhibit with food in one yard (Both/Half); and (iii) access to the entire exhibit with food in both yards (Both). For Half and Both/Half, food was presented in each yard for an equal number of trials. Significant differences across treatments were revealed for average total walking distances but this was not found between any two given treatments. Walking distance varied among elephants belonging to different dominance groups, with middle-ranked elephants taking the most advantage of a larger available space. Behaviour did not differ across treatments, but the change in behavioural diversity from one treatment to another was significant for subordinate elephants. The information obtained from this study has direct implications for the management of the SDZSP elephants and for other facilities looking to increase walking distance or subordinate behavioural diversity.
Les Pays d’en haut, un espace en mal d’histoire ?
Authors: Havard Gilles 
Published: March 2018

L’historiographie des Pays d’en haut, comme objet en soi, peut paraître relativement balbutiante. Il se peut que l’appellation « Pays d’en haut » ait été perçue comme trop molle ou trop floue, géographiquement comme conceptuellement, et que les historiens aient préféré, pour investir l’histoire de l’Ontario, du Michigan ou du Manitoba, l’usage d’autres catégories géographiques (Nouvelle-France, Canada, Grands Lacs, Prairie) ou de grilles plus clairement analytiques (frontière,hinterland, périphérie). L’expression mérite pourtant d’être valorisée dans la mesure où elle a servi de cadre mental et géographique de longue durée. Comme tel, elle constitue un objet de recherche en soi qui peut favoriser une étude renouvelée des processus historiques à l’oeuvre dans les espaces concernés, duxviieauxixesiècle. Cette définition des Pays d’en haut comme objet d’histoire ne va certes pas de soi : elle passe d’abord par une réflexion sur l’objet « Pays d’en haut » dans l’histoire, autrement dit sur la façon dont ce cadre s’est construit historiquement, à travers les pratiques, les représentations et les imaginaires des acteurs sociaux. La pleine légitimation de cette approche passe ensuite par l’analyse de la façon dont l’historiographie a tour à tour ignoré, délaissé ou, au contraire, mis en relief ladite appellation comme l’espace qu’elle désigne.
Les sentiers battus de l’ethnogenèse métisse au Québec
Authors: Rivard Étienne 
Published: March 2018

Avec la reconnaissance en 2003 des droits autochtones de la communauté métisse de Sault-Sainte-Marie, en Ontario, partie intégrante de l’espace francophone historique ontarien, la Cour suprême du Canada a créé une onde de choc ressentie tous azimuts à l’échelle du pays. Non seulement cette décision a-t-elle encouragé la mobilisation métisse et engendré une pléiade de causes juridiques nouvelles, elle a aussi profondément bouleversé l’image du Métis aux yeux des Canadiens – laquelle image collait jusque-là essentiellement aux provinces de la Prairie – et jette ainsi un éclairage nouveau sur les phénomènes culturels et migratoires qui peuplent l’histoire de la francophonie canadienne. Pourtant, cette décision n’est rien d’autre que la reconnaissance juridique de plusieurs décennies de recherche fondamentale en ethnogenèse, un champ d’études justement né du besoin de traiter cette « myopie de la rivière Rouge » qui affectait les études métisses depuis longtemps. À la suite de ce jugement, on assiste toutefois à un changement de situation qui n’est pas sans soulever quelques inquiétudes. Dans les cours de justice, la recherche fondamentale est largement remplacée par une démarche scientifique qui vise avant tout à répondre à ce qu’on appelle maintenant le « test Powley ». La communauté de Sault-Sainte-Marie est en quelque sorte devenue le modèle métis par excellence, faussant ainsi largement la vision de la diversité du fait métis et, avec lui, de la francophonie. C’est sur ces prémisses que s’appuie le regard critique que nous posons ici sur l’intégration récente des études métisses dans l’univers juridique. Nos arguments reposent en bonne partie sur notre expérience en tant que témoin expert pour les intimés dans la causeCorneauau Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean.
De la périphérie au centre : une problématique pour la reconnaissance des individus anglo-dominants d’héritage francophone
Authors: Gauthier Rachelle 
Published: March 2018

Cet article se veut une amorce à la discussion portant sur les individus anglo-dominants d’héritage francophone, ces personnes des « générations perdues » qui souhaitent se réapproprier la langue et la culture de leurs ancêtres. Cette réflexion cherche à présenter les enjeux juridiques et éducatifs entourant ces individus. Elle propose que les communautés francophones en milieu minoritaire fassent preuve d’ouverture envers ce groupe. Les concepts de reconnaissance, d’identité et de langue forment la toile de fond de cette discussion.
Early Spontaneous Reduction of Subsensory Fluid in A Case of Optic Disc Pit: A Rare Entity
Authors: Mehrotra Navneet , Nagpal Manish , Jain Hardik , Jain Ashish 
Published: March 2018

To report a case of spontaneous resolution of a serous macular detachment associated with an optic disc pit, leading to significant visual improvement. A 17 years old male presented to the outpatient department with chief complaints of blurring of vision in the left eye for 13 days, with some improvement in last 3 days. The patient had consulted elsewhere 10 days back and was noted to have a visual acuity of 6/60 in the left eye and was diagnosed to have an Optic disc pit with serous retinal detachment involving the macula. He was advised pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade but he preferred to wait for some time. The patient presented to us with improvement of the visual acuity to 6/9 in the left eye. Detailed fundus examination showed a large disc with a pit at the temporal disc margin with serous detachment seen temporal to the fovea. The patient was advised against any intervention and asked for regular follow up.
We report a exhibited spontaneous regression of serous macular detachment in a case of optic disc pit within 13 days with significant improvement in visual acuity in a 17 year old patient.