bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies three new loci and characterizes population-specific differences for coronary artery disease
Authors: Matsunaga Hiroshi , Ito Kaoru , Akiyama Masato , Takahashi Atsushi , Koyama Satoshi , Nomura Seitaro , Ieki Hirotaka , Ozaki Kouichi , Onouchi Yoshihiro , Suna Shinichiro , Ogishima Soichi , Yamamoto Masayuki , Hozawa Atsushi , Satoh Mamoru , Sasaki Makoto , Yamaji Taiki , Sawada Norie , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro , Tanaka Keitaro , Arisawa Kokichi , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Takashima Naoyuki , Naito Mariko , Wakai Kenji , Tanaka Hideo , Sakata Yasuhiko , Morita Hiroyuki , Sakata Yasushi , Matsuda Koichi , Murakami Yoshinori , Akazawa Hiroshi , Kubo Michiaki , Kamatani Yoichiro , Komuro Issei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) provided many biological insights into coronary artery disease (CAD), but these studies were mainly performed in Europeans. GWAS in diverse populations have the potential to advance our understanding of CAD.Methods and ResultsWe conducted two GWAS for CAD in the Japanese population, which included 12,494 cases and 28,879 controls, and 2,808 cases and 7,261 controls, respectively. Then, we performed transethnic meta-analysis using the results of the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D 1000 Genomes meta-analysis with UK Biobank. We identified 3 new loci on chromosome 1q21 (CTSS), 10q26 (WDR11-FGFR2), and 11q22 (RDX-FDX1). Quantitative trait locus analyses suggested the association of CTSS and RDX-FDX1 with atherosclerotic immune cells. Tissue/cell type enrichment analysis showed the involvement of arteries, adrenal glands and fat tissues in the development of CAD. Finally, we performed tissue/cell type enrichment analysis using East Asian-frequent and European-frequent variants according to the risk allele frequencies, and identified significant enrichment of adrenal glands in the East Asian-frequent group while the enrichment of arteries and fat tissues was found in the European-frequent group. These findings indicate biological differences in CAD susceptibility between Japanese and Europeans.ConclusionsWe identified 3 new loci for CAD and highlighted the genetic differences between the Japanese and European populations. Moreover, our transethnic analyses showed both shared and unique genetic architectures between the Japanese and Europeans. While most of the underlying genetic bases for CAD are shared, further analyses in diverse populations will be needed to elucidate variations fully.
Freshwater soundscapes: a cacophony of undescribed biological sounds now threatened by anthropogenic noise
Authors: Rountree Rodney A. , Juanes Francis , Bolgan Marta 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe soundscape composition of freshwater habitats is poorly understood. Our goal was to document the occurrence of biological sounds in a large variety of freshwater habitats over a large geographic area. The underwater soundscape was sampled in freshwater habitat categorized as brook/creek, pond/lake, or river, from five major river systems in North America (Connecticut, Kennebec, Merrimack, Presumpscot, and Saco) over a five-week period in the spring of 2008. Over 7,000 sounds were measured from 2,750 minutes of recording in 173 locations, and classified into major anthropophony (airplane, boat, traffic, train and other noise) and biophony (fish air movement, also known as air passage, other fish, insect-like, bird, and other biological) sound categories. Anthropogenic noise dominated the soundscape of all habitats averaging 15 % of time per recording compared to less than 2 % for biological sounds. Anthropophony occurred in 79 % of recordings and was mainly due to traffic and boat sounds, which exhibited significant differences among habitats and between non-tidal and tidal river regions. Most biophonic sounds were from unidentified insect-like, air movement fish, and other fish sound sources that occurred in 57 % of recordings. Mean frequencies of anthropogenic noises overlapped strongly with the biophony, and comparisons of spectra suggest that insect- like and air movement sounds may be more susceptible to masking than other fish sounds. There was a significant decline in biodiversity and biophony with increasing ambient sound levels. Our poor understanding of the biophony of freshwater ecosystems, together with an apparent high temporal exposure to anthropogenic noise across all habitats, suggest a critical need for studies aimed at identification of biophonic sound sources and assessment of potential threats from anthropogenic noises.
Phosphoproteomics reveals that the hVPS34 regulated SGK3 kinase specifically phosphorylates endosomal proteins including Syntaxin-7, Syntaxin-12, RFIP4 and WDR44
Authors: Malik Nazma , Nirujogi Raja S , Peltier Julien , Macartney Thomas , Wightman Melanie , Prescott Alan R , Gourlay Robert , Trost Matthias , Alessi Dario R. , Karapetsas Athanasios 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK) isoforms contribute resistance to cancer therapies targeting the PI3K pathway. SGKs are homologous to Akt and these kinases display overlapping specificity and phosphorylate several substrates at the same residues, such as TSC2 to promote tumor growth by switching on the mTORC1 pathway. The SGK3 isoform is upregulated in breast cancer cells treated with PI3K or Akt inhibitors and recruited and activated at endosomes, through its phox homology domain binding to PtdIns(3)P. We undertook genetic and pharmacological phosphoproteomic screens to uncover novel SGK3 substrates. We identified 40 potential novel SGK3 substrates, including 4 endosomal proteins STX7 (Ser126) and STX12 (Ser139), RFIP4 (Ser527) and WDR44 (Ser346) that were efficiently phosphorylated in vitro by SGK3 at the sites identified in vivo, but poorly by Akt. We demonstrate that these substrates are poorly phosphorylated by Akt as they possess an n+1 residue from the phosphorylation site that is unfavorable for Akt phosphorylation. Phos-tag analysis revealed that stimulation of HEK293 cells with IGF1 to activate SGK3, promoted phosphorylation of a significant fraction of endogenous STX7 and STX12, in a manner that was blocked by knock-out of SGK3 or treatment with 14H inhibitor. SGK3 phosphorylation of STX12 enhanced interaction with the VAMP4/VTI1A/STX6 containing SNARE complex and promoted plasma membrane localization. Our data reveal novel substrates for SGK3 and suggest a mechanism by which STX7 and STX12 SNARE complexes are regulated by SGK3. They reveal new biomarkers for monitoring SGK3 pathway activity.
Investigations on the void coalescence and corrosion behaviour of titanium grade 4 sheets during single point incremental forming process
Authors: Yoganjaneyulu G. , Phaneendra Y. , Ravikumar V.V. , Sathiya Narayanan C. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the void coalescence and corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 sheets during single point incremental forming (SPIF) process with various spindle rotational speeds. The development of corrosion pits in 3.5 (%) NaCl solution has also been studied during SPIF process.

Design/methodology/approach
In this current research work, the void coalescence analysis and corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 specimens were studied. A potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP) study was conducted to investigate the corrosion behaviour of titanium Grade 4 processed samples with various spindle speeds in 3.5 (%) NaCl solution. The scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope analysis was carried out to study the fracture behaviour and corrosion morphology of processed samples.

Findings
The titanium Grade 4 sheets obtained better formability and corrosion resistance by increasing the CNC spindle rotational speeds. In fact that, the significant plastic deformation affects the corrosion rate with various spindle speeds were recorded.

Originality/value
The spindle rotational speeds and vertical step depths increases then the titanium Grade 4 sheets showed better formability, void coalescence and corrosion behaviour as the same is evidenced in forming limit diagram and PDP curves.
Job satisfaction of project managers in green construction projects
Authors: Hwang Bon-Gang , Zhao Xiaojing , Lim Jane 
Published: August 2019

PurposeGreen building is a promising approach to improve resource efficiency and achieving sustainable development. The success of green construction projects is closely associated with the performance of project managers (PMs), while job satisfaction plays a major role in the performance of PMs. However, the emphasis placed on the job satisfaction of PMs in green construction projects remains minimal. The purpose of this paper is to identify the relationships between the job satisfaction of PMs and its key influencing factors in green construction projects, and to propose feasible strategies to improve the job satisfaction of PMs.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey is conducted, data collected from 105 construction PMs are analysed using structural equation modelling. Interviews with five industry experts are further conducted to substantiate the results.FindingsThe results identified four major components of job satisfaction, namely, “job content”, “resource adequacy”, “work context” and “the personality and competence of jobholders”. The analysis also found that “technical requirement” and “split incentive” condition of green construction projects, “the expertise and awareness of PMs” and “demand and support from stakeholders” has significant impacts on PMs’ job satisfaction. Furthermore, this study developed eight strategies to improve PMs’ job satisfaction, including “increase recognition opportunities for PMs”, “government incentives and financial support” and “introductory and training courses on green construction legislation and processes”.Originality/valueThe findings assist construction companies in formulating measures to improve the job satisfaction and performance of PMs in green construction projects.
Establishing a start-up in Saudi Arabia: the Innosoft story
Authors: Mohammed Riaz Ahmed , Horoub Mamon , Walwil Husam 
Published: August 2019

Subject Area
Entrepreneurship.

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are to explain the importance of passion in entrepreneurship, develop an understanding of the business model canvas and its elements, identify typical challenges faced by a startup (during early days and while growing), explain the role of seed fund and customer feedback for small business success and identify the appropriate hiring strategy for startups.

Case overview/synopsis
The case traces the journey of two Saudi under-graduate software engineering students, namely, Loai Labani and Riyadh Al-Tayib, who had a vision to establish the best information technology (IT) services company in Saudi Arabia. With no previous experience of establishing a company or working for a startup, coupled with the fact that the culture of entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia is still in its ascendancy, they knew it would be challenging. Nevertheless, at the same time, they were convinced it would be totally up to them to do the hard work needed to propel their vision into reality. The case, after introducing the founders, talks about their respective backgrounds and how it complemented their goal/vision of establishing an IT services company. The case, with references from the literature, also throws light on the entrepreneurship culture in Saudi Arabia but the focus is the various challenges faced by the team in setting up their business and the strategies they used in dealing with the challenges. Some of the challenges discussed are securing early customers, initial financing to support startup, business model development, managing daily operations and hiring and marketing strategy. The case ends with another challenge faced by the founders, for the readers to think about the possible ways of dealing with the challenge at hand.

Complexity academic level
The case will be used for under-graduate level students.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Corporate governance and risk disclosure quality: Tunisian evidence
Authors: Salem Issal Haj , Ayadi Salma Damak , Hussainey Khaled 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential influence of corporate governance mechanisms on risk disclosure quality in Tunisia.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine 152 annual reports of Tunisian non-financial-listed firms during 2008–2013, and use the manual content analysis method to measure the risk disclosure quality.FindingsThe authors find that the quality of risk disclosure in Tunisian companies is relatively low, and also find that the quality of risk disclosure is positively associated with institutional ownership, board independence, the presence of women on the board, the presence of family members on the board and the independence of audit committee. Managerial ownership has a negative effect on risk disclosure quality. Finally, the authors find that the revolution decreases the influence of concentration ownership, government ownership, family ownership and audit committee size on risk disclosure quality.Originality/valueUsing a comprehensive set of corporate governance mechanisms and a new measure for risk disclosure quality in Tunisia, the authors provide the first empirical evidence on the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on risk disclosure quality in a developing country. The study has theoretical and practical implications for both developed and developing countries.
Employee communication for engaging workplaces
Authors: Mazzei Alessandra , Butera Alfonsa , Quaratino Luca 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the role of employee engagement for competitiveness. In particular, the role of employee communication to create engaging workplaces.Design/methodology/approachTwo field surveys were conducted to assess, which are the most relevant leverages that contribute to create engaging (or disengaging) workplaces in Italy: the first one on a statistical sample of large companies, the second one on a snowball sample of employees.FindingsItalian companies often miss the opportunity to create engaging workplaces and to exploit the potential of employee communication to foster employee engagement.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research could focus on a survey on a sample of managers and employees belonging to the same company.Practical implicationsCompanies should pursue an inclusive relational approach, using employee communication appropriately.Originality/valueThe study develops and tests a model showing the linkages among managerial approaches and engaging workplace contexts and examines the role of employee communication to foster employee engagement.
Socioeconomic inequality and dental caries among Thai working age population
Authors: Amornsuradech Sirinthip , Vejvithee Warangkana 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and oral health among Thai adults.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a cross-sectional analytical study using secondary data from the 7th Thailand National Oral Health Survey (2012). Age group 35–44 years old samples were used to represent the working age population. Oral health outcome was determined by untreated dental caries. SES was indicated by income, education and occupational groups. Demographic background, oral health-related behavior and access to dental service were adjusted for analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between independent variables and oral health outcome.FindingsPeople with lower education showed a higher odds ratio for having untreated dental caries before and after controlling for related variables. Those living in the north and northeast, using additional cleaning tools and going to the public provider for dental service also showed better oral health.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is that the cross-sectional study cannot indicate casual relationships. The national oral health survey was not designed to find relationships between factors. The access to data and measurement of SES was limited. The policy maker should emphasize on people with lower education which have a higher risk for dental caries to improve oral health in disadvantaged groups. Future research should include all related factors in the study including diet and knowledge about oral health. Moreover, oral health outcome is a long-term effect which accumulated through a lifetime. The social class might change over time and so do behaviors.Originality/valueThere is socioeconomic inequality in dental caries of Thai working age population.
Development and evaluation of human T‐cell leukemia virus‐1 and ‐2 multiplex quantitative PCR
Authors: Kuramitsu Madoka , Okuma Kazu , Tezuka Kenta , Nakamura Hitomi , Sagara Yasuko , Kurane Ichiro , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis of human T ‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection in Japan is usually performed by serological testing, but the high rate of indeterminate results from western blotting makes it difficult to assess the infection accurately. Nucleic acid tests for HTLV‐1 and/or HTLV‐2 are used to confirm infection with HTLV‐1 and/or HTLV‐2 and are also used for the follow‐up of HTLV‐1 related diseases. To prepare a highly sensitive method that can discern infection with HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2, a multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) by large‐scale primer screening was developed. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated by serial dilution of cell lines and by testing with known clinical samples. The resulting multiplex qPCR can detect about four copies of HTLV‐1 provirus per 105 cells. Moreover, HTLV‐1 provirus could be detected in 97.2% (205 of 211) of HTLV‐1 seropositive clinical samples. These sensitivities were sufficiently high compared with the methods reported previously. Also, all the HTLV‐2 seropositive clinical samples tested were found to be positive by this method (three of three). In conclusion, this method can successfully and simultaneously detect both types of HTLV‐1 and HTLV‐2 provirus with extremely high sensitivity.
On possible fluid detection in equivalent transversely isotropic media
Authors: Adamus Filip P. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe consider a transversely isotropic medium that is long‐wave equivalent to a stack of thin, parallel, isotropic layers and is obtained using the Backus average. In such media, we analyse the relations among anisotropy parameters; Thomsen parameters, ε and δ, and a new parameter ϕ. We discuss the last parameter and show its essential properties; it equals 0 in the case of isotropy of equivalent medium and/or constant Lamé coefficient λ in layers. The second property occurs to make ϕ sensitive to variations of λ in thin‐bedded sequences. According to Gassmann, in isotropic media the variation of fluid content affects only the Lamé coefficient λ, not μ; thus, the sensitivity to changes of λ is an essential property in the context of possible detection of fluids. We show algebraically and numerically that ϕ is more sensitive to these variations than ε or δ. Nevertheless, each of these parameters is dependent on the changes of μ; to understand this influence, we exhibit comprehensive tables that illustrate the behaviour of anisotropy parameters with respect to specific variations of λ and μ. The changes of μ in layers can be presented by the Thomsen parameter γ that depends on them solely. Hence, knowing the values of elasticity coefficients of equivalent transversely isotropic medium, we may compute ϕ and γ, and based on the aforementioned tables, we predict the expected variation of λ; in this way, we propose a new method of possible fluid detection. Also, we show that the prior approach of possible detection of fluids, proposed by Berryman et al., may be unreliable in specific cases. To establish our results, we use the Monte Carlo method; for the range and chosen variations of Lamé coefficients λ and μ – relevant to sandstones – we generate these coefficients in thin layers and, after the averaging process, we obtain an equivalent transversely isotropic medium. We repeat that process numerous times to get many equivalent transversely isotropic media, and – for each of them – we compute their anisotropy parameters. We illustrate ϕ, ε and δ in the form of cross‐plots that are relevant to the chosen variations of λ and μ. Additionally, we present a table with the computed ranges of anisotropy parameters that correspond to different variations of Lamé coefficients.
Managing hydropower dam releases for water users and imperiled fishes with contrasting thermal habitat requirements
Authors: Zarri Liam J. , Danner Eric M. , Daniels Miles E. , Palkovacs Eric P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The construction of dams on large rivers has negative impacts on native species. Environmental flows have been proposed as a tool to mitigate these impacts, but in order for these strategies to be effective they must account for disparate temperature and flow needs of different species.

We applied a multi‐objective approach to identify trade‐offs in dam release discharge and temperature for imperiled fishes with contrasting habitat requirements, while simultaneously meeting the needs of human water users.

Using the Sacramento River (California, USA) as a case study, our model suggests that current management aimed at providing high discharge for downstream water users and cold water for endangered winter‐run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) has detrimental impacts on threatened green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), which require warm water for juvenile growth.

We developed an optimal dam release scenario that can be used to meet the needs of salmon, sturgeon and human water users. Our results show that dam releases can be managed to successfully achieve these multiple objectives in all but the most severe drought years.

Synthesis and applications. This study shows that managing dam releases to meet the needs of a single species can have detrimental effects on other native species with different flow and temperature requirements. We applied a multi‐objective approach to balance environmental requirements of multiple species with the needs of human water users. Our findings can be used to guide management of Shasta Dam and our approach can be applied to achieve multi‐object management goals in other impounded rivers.