bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSFERÊNCIA DE FUNÇÃO E REORGANIZAÇÃO DE CLASSES DE EQUIVALÊNCIA RELACIONADAS A GÊNERO E PROFISSÕES
Authors: Rosendo Alessandra Pinto , De Melo Raquel Maria 
Published: June 2019

Foi investigado o efeito de treinos de reversão na reorganização de classes com estímulos abstratos, adjetivos e profissões relacionadas aos gêneros masculino e feminino. Na Etapa 1, os participantes dos grupos Experimental 1 (N=8) e Experimental 2 (N=8) foram expostos a treinos e testes de formação de classes com o procedimento de pareamento ao modelo com atraso. Para o Grupo Experimental 1, na Etapa 2 foram realizados treinos de reversão e testes de reorganização de classes. O Grupo Controle (N=32) não foi exposto a nenhum dos treinos e testes. Os três grupos avaliaram os estímulos dos conjuntos A (profissões) e D (símbolos abstratos) com o Diferencial Semântico. Na Etapa 1, foi verificada a formação de classes de equivalência para os dois grupos experimentais. Na Etapa 2, os participantes do Grupo Experimental 1 atingiram o critério de reorganização de classes (91% de acertos) apenas para as relações de simetria e nos demais testes os escores foram próximos (83%) para seis participantes. Quando comparado com o Grupo Controle, as avaliações no Diferencial Semântico dos estímulos A e D foram parcialmente coerentes com as classes de equivalência (Grupo Experimental 2) e com os treinos de reversão e testes de reorganização de classes (Grupo Experimental 1), com transferência de função para algumas escalas. Os resultados mostraram a generalidade dos procedimentos para investigar classes de estímulos relacionadas a profissões e gêneros, porém controles metodológicos devem ser aprimorados em relação a verificação da história pré-experimental com os estímulos utilizados e a quantidade de relações revertidas.Palavras-chave: equivalência de estímulos, reorganização de classes, transferência de função, pareamento ao modelo com atraso, diferencial semântico.
Integrating Farmers’ Rights to Equitable Benefit Sharing Into the Malaysian Plant Variety Law: Learning from Others
Authors: Musa Murshamshul Kamariah , Mohamed Abdul Majid Tahir , Mohamed Abdul Majid Hafiz 
Published: June 2019

The Farmers’ Rights concept is part of an international treaty of which Malaysia is one of the signatory parties. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (FAO Treaty 2004), articulated four core rights under the Farmers’ Rights concept – namely the right to traditional farming knowledge, the right to seed, the right to equitable benefit sharing and the right to participate in the decision-making process. Article 9.2 (b) of FAO Treaty 2004 stipulates that farmers should be given equal opportunity to equitably participate in sharing benefits from the use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The right to equitable benefit sharing legally justifies among others, the rights of smallholder farmers who have been breeding seeds for generations to receive benefits; either monetary or non-monetary from any commercialization of the seeds that have been developed by them. Non-monetary benefits include access to seeds for their farm. This paper investigates to what extent the existing legal provisions of plant variety law in Malaysia has integrated this right to equitable benefit sharing to small farmers as compared to similar legislation in India and under African Union (AU Model Law for the Protection of the Rights of Local Communities, Farmers and Breeders, and for the Regulation of Access to Biological Resources). These two legal frameworks aimed to protect their small farming communities are cited as legislation with the best practices on implementing Farmers’ Rights core rights. The aim is for Malaysia to learn from these countries in order to ensure legal protection for small farmers’ right to equitable benefit sharing of their plant genetic resources.
Why Do Patients Decline Heart Failure Trials, and What Should We Do About It?
Authors: Shore Supriya , Speight Candace , Kelkar Anita , Kishore Divya , Dickert Neal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Low patient enrollment in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) escalates costs, leads to under-representation of real-world patient populations, and delays generation of knowledge. Limited data exists on why patients decline participation in RCTs and what factors may lead to increased participation rates.

Methods: In-person and telephone interviews were conducted with 19 patients with congestive heart failure who declined participation in RCTs. Interviews were conducted using a structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and qualitative descriptive analysis was performed.

Results: Participants’ median age was 63 years (IQR 51.5-69), 42% were female, and 53% were Black or African-American. Only 6 participants could accurately describe the intervention and clearly understood design of the trial in which they were asked to participate. Most participants made the decision not to participate quickly; only 1 participant took time to deliberate. The most common reasons for not participating were concern for adverse events from the intervention being studied (n=15) and perception of participation being too burdensome (n=10). The most common suggestion provided to increase participant recruitment was involving primary care physicians or cardiologists known to the patients.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients often decide not to participate in clinical trials quickly, with relatively minimal understanding of the trial. Reasons for declining were heterogeneous, but the most common suggestions for improvement were engaging physicians known to them in the process of recruitment and making participation less burdensome. Addressing these issues may reduce barriers to participation and enhance respect for patients.
Comparative Genomics of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Sanderson Haley , Ortega-Polo Rodrigo , Zaheer Rahat , Goji Noriko , Amoako Kingsley K. , Brown R. Stephen , Majury Anna , Liss Steven N. , Mcallister Tim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered hotspots for the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) are candidates for gauging the degree of AMR bacteria in wastewater. E. faecalis and E. faecium are recognized indicators of fecal contamination in water. Genome comparisons of enterococci isolated from a conventional activated sludge (CAS) and biological aerated filter (BAF) WWTPs were conducted.

Results

VRE isolates, including E. faecalis (n=24), E. faecium (n=11), E. casseliflavus (n=2) and E. gallinarum (n=2), were selected for sequencing based on source, species and AMR phenotype. The pangenomes of E. faecium and E. faecalis were both open. The genomic fraction related to mobilome had a positive correlation with genome size in E. faecium (p < 0.001) and E. faecalis (p < 0.001) and with the number of AMR genes in E. faecium (p = 0.005). The AMR phenotype generally aligned with genotype. Genes conferring vancomycin resistance, including vanA and vanM (E. faecium), vanG (E. faecalis), and vanC (E. casseliflavus/E. gallinarum), were detected in 20 genomes. The most prominent groups of functional AMR genes were efflux pumps and transporters. A minimum of 16, 6, 5 and 3 virulence genes were detected in E. faecium, E. faecalis, E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum genomes, respectively. Virulence genes were more common in E. faecalis and E. faecium, than E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum. A number of mobile genetic elements were shared among species. Functional CRISPR/Cas arrays were detected in 13 E. faecalis genomes, with all but one also containing a prophage. The lack of a functional CRISPR/Cas arrays was associated with multi-drug resistance in E. faecium. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated differential clustering of isolates based on source but not based on WWTP. Genes related to phage and CRISPR/Cas arrays could potentially serve as environmental biomarkers.

Conclusions

There was no discernable difference between enterococcal genomes from the CAS and BAF WWTPs either before or after treatment. Understanding the impact of WWTPs on the dissemination of AMR in the environment will require knowledge of the mobility and upregulation of genes and the characterization of mobilomes within WWTPs and surrounding environments.
Metabolic Level and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (HPGA) Function in Prepubertal Male Children with Simple Obesity and Sexual Retardation
Authors: Guo Shujuan , Li Guimei , Shao Peng , Yang Qiaozhi , Shang Xiaohong , Sun Yan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the increasing morbidity of obesity in children and adolescents in worldwide,more and more diseases are recognized by people. Our aim was to study the effects of obesity on metabolic level and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis function in prepubertal males.Ninety-two patients participated in our study and then were divided into two groups according to whether the peak value of LH was less than 4.8 mIU/ml in Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation test. All of them were underwent a comprehensive physical examination,laboratory tests and imaging examinations.The obesity with sexual retardation group in bone age, BMISDS, blood pressure, testicular volume and penile length, IGF-1SDS, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride were significantly different from control group (P < 0.01).There were significant differences in age, BMISDS, diastolic blood pressure, penile length and HDL-C between normal HPGA group and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism(HH) group (P < 0.01).FSH and INB had statistical differences before and after human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test between the two groups(P < 0.05), while T and DHT had statistical differences after the test (P < 0.01).
Conclusion Prepubertal obesity can cause metabolic disorders and increase the risk of metabolic syndrome, and lead to sexual retardation.
Life’s Crucial Transition &amp; Leads for Comprehensive Trajectory: Adolescents survey at physiological stages for prudent policies and refinements for practice
Authors: Jain Sunil , Mallick Abhishek , Thapar Rajeev Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Adolescent health information within new global health initiatives is advocated. Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) is among young people aged 13 to17 years. Early preventive and health promotion actions can be beneficial. With the objective of finding out the current health behaviors and protective factors at different physiological stages of adolescence this study was carried out.

Methods

School-based survey using self-administered questionnaire of adolescents studying in an Army Public School. The study parameters were Dietary behaviours, Hygienic practices, Mental health, Physical activity, and Protective factors. A total of 1232 adolescents were surveyed. Early adolescence (10-13years) participants were 760 and middle adolescence (14-17 years) were 472. Overall male: female ratio was 1.819: 1.

Results

The study findings reveal interesting trends. There is disparity between BMI findings and effort direction for weight. There is a sharp rise in number of girls making efforts to lose weight from early adolescence to middle adolescence (27.8% and 40.7% respectively). Hygienic practices are marginally short of 100%. Worry causing inability to sleep at night most of the times or always is reported by 9.2% -18.7%. There is sharp rise in number of girls feeling this from early to middle adolescence (9.8% to 18.7%). Adolescents spending three or more hours per day doing sitting activities are 25.6% - 38.6%. This is rising from early to middle adolescence, and sharply in girls. Protective factors are trending towards positive side.

Conclusions

Firstly accomplishing the advancements of adolescents’ health, the top priorities are (i) Popularizing the importance of ideal BMI (ii) Betterment of mental health for smooth transition across different stages of adolescence & being proactive for preventing worsening (iii) Promoting physical activity early & sustaining efforts, especially amongst adolescent girls. Secondly the ‘GSHS Questionnaire’ needs to be modified for fruits & vegetable consumption to how many servings/what part of plate and should include questions for details of physical activity likings of the girls.
Liver transplantation in Jehovah’s witnesses: 13 consecutive cases at a single Institution
Authors: Costanzo Diego , Bindi Maria , Ghinolfi Davide , Esposito Massimo , Forfori Francesco , De Simone Paolo , De Gasperi Andrea , Biancofiore Gianni 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Jehovah's Witnesses represent a tremendous clinical challenge when indicated to liver transplantation because they refuse blood transfusion on religious grounds and the procedure is historically associated with potential massive peri-operative blood loss. We developed a peri-operative management pathway with strategies toward a transfusion-free environment in the respect of the patients’ religious beliefs. Briefly, our peri-operative multimodal strategy to liver transplantation in Jehovah's Witnesses includes a pre-operative red cell mass optimization package and the intra-operative use of normovolemic haemodilution, veno-venous bypass and low central venous pressure. In a 9-year period, 13 Jehovah’s Witness patients received liver transplantation at our centre representing the largest LT program from deceased donors in JW patients that has been reported so far. No patient received blood bank products but 3 had fibrinogen concentrate and one tranexamic acid to correct ongoing hyper-fibrinolysis. There were 4 cases of acute kidney injury (one required extracorporeal renal replacement treatment) and one patient needed vasoactive medications to support blood pressure for the first 2 postoperative days. Two patients underwent re-laparotomy. Finally, of the 13 recipients, 12 were alive at the 1 year follow-up interview and 1 died due to septic complications. Our experience confirms that liver transplantation in selected Jehovah's Witnesses patients can be feasible and safe provided that it is carried out at a very experienced centre and according to a multidisciplinary approach
A changing profile of infective endocarditis at a tertiary hospital in China: A retrospective study from 2001 to 2018
Authors: Ren Zuning , Mo Xichao , Chen Hongjie , Peng Jie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a lethal disease which has been changing significantly over the past decades; however, information about IE in China remains scarce. This study surveyed the changes in clinical characteristics of IE in southern China over a period of nearly eighteen years.
Methods: Medical records with IE patients consecutively hospitalized between June 2001 and June 2018 were selected from the electronic medical records system in Nanfang Hospital at Southern Medical University. Data were divided by admission time into two groups: early-period group, June 2001 to December 2009 and later-period group, January 2010 to July 2018.
Results: A Total of 313 IE patients were included in our study. Compared with the early-period group, patients in the later-period group included fewer intravenous drug users (IVDU), older age at onset, reduced development of pulmonary embolism, less renal dysfunction, decreased proportion of Staphylococcus aureus infection and fewer vegetations observed in the right heart by echocardiography. The later-period group also showed a higher proportion of ischemic strokes and higher rate of whole-blood culture positive compared with the early-period group. The in-hospital mortality rate remained about the same between the two periods.
Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a dramatic change in the profile and characteristics of IE over a period of eighteen years in southern China, especially the decrease in intravenous drug users (IVDU), which might be responsible for many other changes.
Human Bocavirus Infection Among Children with Respiratory Tract Infection in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph Olajumoke Olufunmilayo , Faneye Adedayo Omotayo , Adeniji Johnson Adekunle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Human Bocavirus (HBoV) which is a single stranded DNA virus of the family Parvoviridae, is responsible for 21.5% of childhood respiratory tract infections (RTI) annually. Among the four genotypes currently known, HBoV1 has been associated with acute respiratory tract infection. Although, there have been studies on HBoV in some countries, there is limited information on this virus in sub-Saharan Africa where there is the highest burden of RTI. This study aimed to characterize the circulating strains of HBoV in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 333 children ≤5 years old presenting with RTI attending hospitals in Ibadan, whose parents assented from 2014 – 2015. HBoV isolates were sequenced after a nested PCR and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Mega 6 software. The HBoV isolates of this study has been assigned the Genbank accession numbers KY701984 – KY702006.
Results: A total of 27 children tested positive for HBoV by PCR and 23 of the 27 isolates were successfully sequenced. The 23 HBoV isolates from this study were type as HBoV-1 genotype by phylogenetic analysis. Phylogram analysis indicated that the isolates belong to the same clades. Six Isolates aligned closely to the reference strains ST1 and ST2, while 17 isolates showed a high divergence to the reference isolates.
Conclusion: This study shows the contribution on HBoV in respiratory tract infections in Nigeria and that HBoV1 strain is the strain associated with the infection.
Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness in three ecological regions of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Mohan Krishna , Sun Sunjuri Zhi Yu , Limbu Ben , Poudel Manish , Khanal Shankar Prasad , Pradhan Bandana , Shrestha Mangala 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Visual impairment and blindness are significant public health issues worldwide. The study aims to explore is the prevalence and causes of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness across three ecological regions of Nepal. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in three districts covering all ecological regions of Nepal. Intensive training for health workers was provided to conduct door-to-door visits for visual acuity testing using Snellen chart and refer the abnormal cases for comprehensive ocular examination by technicians and ophthalmologists to diagnose and treat ocular morbidities. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Stata software. Results: Altogether 5234 participants were enrolled in the study. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment was 9.5% (4.7% in the Mountain district, 11.2% in the Hill district and 21.2% in the Tarai district), though the prevalence of MSVI was 1.5% in participants aged 15-49 years and 25.1% in those aged ≥50. The overall prevalence of blindness was 0.9%, and the prevalence of blindness in the 15-49 and ≥50 age groups was 0.2% and 2.3% respectively. Most cases of visual impairment and blindness (95.5%) were an avoidable cause, of which 93.7% were treatable and 1.8% were preventable. Overall, cataract was the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness (53.5%), followed by uncorrected refractive error (39.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness varied significantly with age, ethnicity and locality. The correction of refractive error and cataract surgery would reduce nine in ten cases of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness.
Identification of a novel mutation in the CACNA1C gene in a Chinese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Chen Jiajun , Sun Yajuan , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Jia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Hereditary ataxia is a group of neurodegenerative diseases with progressive cerebellar ataxia of the gait and limbs as the main symptoms. The genetic patterns of the disease are diverse but it is mainly divided into autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) and autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia (ARCA), and about 45 pathogenic loci have been found in ADCA. The purpose of this study was to explore the genetic defect in a Chinese family with ADCA. Methods: A three-generation Chinese family with ADCA was enrolled in this study, Exome sequencing was conducted in four family members, including the proband, and verified by Sanger sequencing. Results: The rs779393130 mutation of the CACNA1C gene co-segregated with the ataxia phenotype in this family. The mutation was not detected in 50 unaffected controls. Conclusions: The rs779393130 mutation of CACNA1C may be associated with the phenotype of the disease. The CACNA1C gene encodes the Cav1.2 (alpha-1) subunit of an L-type calcium channel and this subunit may be related to the ADCA phenotype. These findings may have implications for family clinical monitoring and genetic counseling and may also help in understanding pathogenesis of this disease.
Phytochemical screening and nutraceutical potential of sandbox tree (Hura crepitans L.) seed oil
Authors: Ajani Olayinka , Owoeye Felicia , Owolabi Fisayo , Akinlabu Deborah , Audu Oluwatosin 
Published: June 2019

The aim of this research was to assess the nutraceutical potential of Hura crepitans seed oil in food chemi- stry. For that, we determined the phytochemical composition, physicochemical parameters, mineral composition, as well as proximates of the oil under study. The yield of the oil obtained by the Soxhlet method was 47.8 ± 0.2%. According to the phytochemical screening result, the oil contained saponin, alkaloid, terpenoids, steroids, and cardenolides. Quantitative analysis of proximates for the Hura crepitans seed oil displayed 10.1 ± 0.4% of protein,
19.4 ± 0.1% of crude fibres, 14.5 ± 0.5% of carbohydrates, 5.3 ± 0.2% of water, and 2.9 ± 0.1% of ash. Some selected physicochemical parameters such as refractive index, pH, and specific gravity were 1.47; 5.2; and 0.80, respectively. Cloud point was 6.20°C. Metal content determination revealed the presence of mineral substances such as magne- sium (119.51 ± 0.25 mg/kg), potassium (4.25 ± 0.04 ppm), iron (4.01 ± 0.03 mg/kg), manganese (3.66 ± 0.02 ppm), so- dium (2.18 ± 0.02 ppm), calcium (0.11 ± 0.001 ppm), zinc (0.04 ± 0.001 µg/g), and cadmium (0.0028 ± 0.0004 mg/kg). However, such minerals as nickel and lead were not detected. The structural analyse was carried out based on phy- sicochemical properties and spectroscopic data of the Hura crepitans seed oil. The results of the research proved the nutraceutical potential of this oil to use as raw materials in various areas of industry.