bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Fabrication of Fully Iron Magnetic Microrobots
Authors: Alcântara Carlos C. J. , Kim Sangwon , Lee Sunkey , Jang Bumjin , Thakolkaran Prakash , Kim Jin‐Young , Choi Hongsoo , Nelson Bradley J. , Pané Salvador 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBiocompatibility and high responsiveness to magnetic fields are fundamental requisites to translate magnetic small‐scale robots into clinical applications. The magnetic element iron exhibits the highest saturation magnetization and magnetic susceptibility while exhibiting excellent biocompatibility characteristics. Here, a process to reliably fabricate iron microrobots by means of template‐assisted electrodeposition in 3D‐printed micromolds is presented. The 3D molds are fabricated using a modified two‐photon absorption configuration, which overcomes previous limitations such as the use of transparent substrates, low writing speeds, and limited depth of field. By optimizing the geometrical parameters of the 3D molds, metallic structures with complex features can be fabricated. Fe microrollers and microswimmers are realized that demonstrate motion at ≈20 body lengths per second, perform 3D motion in viscous environments, and overcome higher flow velocities than those of “conventional 3D printed helical microswimmers.” The cytotoxicity of these microrobots is assessed by culturing them with human colorectal cancer (HCT116) cells for four days, demonstrating their good biocompatibility characteristics. Finally, preliminary results regarding the degradation of iron structures in simulated gastric acid liquid are provided.
Granzyme B Functionalized Nanoparticles Targeting Membrane Hsp70‐Positive Tumors for Multimodal Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Shevtsov Maxim , Stangl Stefan , Nikolaev Boris , Yakovleva Ludmila , Marchenko Yaroslav , Tagaeva Ruslana , Sievert Wolfgang , Pitkin Emil , Mazur Anton , Tolstoy Peter , Galibin Oleg , Ryzhov Vyacheslav , Steiger Katja , Smirnov Oleg , Khachatryan William , Chester Kerry , Multhoff Gabriele 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFunctionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as potential clinical tools for cancer theranostics. Membrane‐bound 70 kDa heat shock protein (mHsp70) is ubiquitously expressed on the cell membrane of various tumor types but not normal cells and therefore provides a tumor‐specific target. The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) that is produced as an effector molecule by activated T and NK cells has been shown to specifically target mHsp70 on tumor cells. Following binding to Hsp70, GrB is rapidly internalized into tumor cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that GrB functionalized SPIONs act as a contrast enhancement agent for magnetic resonance imaging and induce specific tumor cell apoptosis. Combinatorial regimens employing stereotactic radiotherapy and/or magnetic targeting are found to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of GrB‐SPIONs in different tumor mouse models.
Qualitative Evaluierung der Effizienz von Konstruktionstypen im Verbundbrückenbau
Authors: Reintjes Karl‐Heinz , Wagner Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFür Balkenbrücken in Verbundbauweise wurden bis zum heutigen Tage im Wesentlichen vier unterschiedliche Konstruktionsformen ausgeführt, ohne dass für den einzelnen Entwurfsfall systematische Untersuchungen zur Wirtschaftlichkeit, zur technischen Qualität und zur Nachhaltigkeit dieser Bauweisen angestellt wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird daher der Versuch unternommen, eine allgemein gültige Bewertung der Effizienz der am häufigsten eingesetzten Konstruktionstypen im Verbundbrückenbau vorzunehmen. Als wichtigstes Kriterium für die Effizienz einer bestimmten Bauweise wird hierbei der Einheitspreis für die Lieferung und Montage der Stahlkonstruktion definiert und dessen Struktur genauer untersucht. Die durchschnittliche Relation dieses Einheitspreises wird hierbei für die beiden bisher bevorzugten Bauweisen, nämlich die des einzelligen Großkastens auf der einen Seite und der dualen Kleinkastenbauweise auf der anderen Seite, am Beispiel einer durchschnittlichen Balkenbrücke konkret untersucht.Unter Berücksichtigung der verfügbaren Erfahrungswerte bezüglich des Stahlgewichts bei ausgeführten Verbundbrücken wird im zweiten Schritt die Gesamtrelation des Preises der Stahlkonstruktion für diese beiden Konstruktionstypen ermittelt. Nicht in der gleichen Tiefe, jedoch in ausreichender Genauigkeit erfolgt dann die Ausdehnung dieser Untersuchung auf die weiteren bekannten Verbundbauweisen, sodass als erstes Hauptergebnis eine Evaluierung der Effizienz der Stahlkonstruktion aller wichtigen Verbundbauweisen vorgenommen werden kann. Da mit dieser Bewertung jedoch noch keine Aussage über die Gesamteffizienz einer Verbundbauweise getroffen werden kann, folgt abschließend noch die Evaluierung der restlichen wichtigen Kosten‐ und Leistungsbereiche wie der Ausführung der Betonfahrbahn, des Gesamtkomplexes Korrosionsschutz, Innenbegehung und Brückenunterhaltung sowie des Redundanzverhaltens. Mit diesen weiteren Kriterien kann als Gesamtergebnis eine Evaluierungsmatrix aller untersuchten Bauweisen erstellt werden.
Climate change litigation: A review of research on courts and litigants in climate governance
Authors: Setzer Joana , Vanhala Lisa C. 
Published: March 2019

Studies of climate change litigation have proliferated over the past two decades, as lawsuits across the world increasingly bring policy debates about climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as climate change‐related loss and damage to the attention of courts. We systematically identify 130 articles on climate change litigation published in English in the law and social sciences between 2000 and 2018 to identify research trajectories. In addition to a budding interdisciplinarity in scholarly interest in climate change litigation we also document a growing understanding of the full spectrum of actors involved and implicated in climate lawsuits and the range of motivations and/or strategic imperatives underpinning their engagement with the law. Situating this within the broader academic literature on the topic we then highlight a number of cutting edge trends and opportunities for future research. Four emerging themes are explored in detail: the relationship between litigation and governance; how time and scale feature in climate litigation; the role of science; and what has been coined the “human rights turn” in climate change litigation. We highlight the limits of existing work and the need for future research—not limited to legal scholarship—to evaluate the impact of both regulatory and anti‐regulatory climate‐related lawsuits, and to explore a wider set of jurisdictions, actors and themes. Addressing these issues and questions will help to develop a deeper understanding of the conditions under which litigation will strengthen or undermine climate governance.This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance
Parametric optimization and process capability analysis for machining of nickel-based superalloy
Authors: Gupta Munish Kumar , Mia Mozammel , Pruncu Catalin I. , Kapłonek Wojciech , Nadolny Krzysztof , Patra Karali , Mikolajczyk Tadeusz , Pimenov Daniil Yu. , Sarikaya Murat , Sharma Vishal S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe manufacturing of parts from nickel-based superalloy, such as Inconel-800 alloy, represents a challenging task for industrial sites. Their performances can be enhanced by using a smart cutting fluid approach considered a sustainable alternative. Further, to innovate the cooling strategy, the researchers proposed an improved strategy based on the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). It has an advantage over flood cooling because it allows better control of its parameters (i.e., compressed air, cutting fluid). In this study, the machinability of superalloy Inconel-800 has been investigated by performing different turning tests under MQL conditions, where no previous data are available. To reduce the numerous numbers of tests, a target objective was applied. This was used in combination with the response surface methodology (RSM) while assuming the cutting force input (Fc), potential of tool wear (VBmax), surface roughness (Ra), and the length of tool–chip contact (L) as responses. Thereafter, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) strategy was embedded to detect the significance of the proposed model and to understand the influence of each process parameter. To optimize other input parameters (i.e., cutting speed of machining, feed rate, and the side cutting edge angle (cutting tool angle)), two advanced optimization algorithms were introduced (i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO) along with the teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) approach). Both algorithms proved to be highly effective for predicting the machining responses, with the PSO being concluded as the best amongst the two. Also, a comparison amongst the cooling methods was made, and MQL was found to be a better cooling technique when compared to the dry and the flood cooling.
The effects of seawater on the hydration, microstructure and strength development of Portland cement pastes incorporating colloidal silica
Authors: Sikora Pawel , Cendrowski Krzysztof , Abd Elrahman Mohamed , Chung Sang-Yeop , Mijowska Ewa , Stephan Dietmar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis contribution investigates the effects of seawater and colloidal silica (NS) in the amounts of 1, 3 and 5 wt%, respectively, on the hydration, strength development and microstructural properties of Portland cement pastes. The data reveal that seawater has an accelerating effect on cement hydration and thus a significant contribution to early strength development was observed. The beneficial effect of seawater was reflected in an improvement in compressive strength for up to 14 days of hydration, while in the 28 days compressive strength values were comparable to that of cement pastes produced with demineralized water. The combination of seawater and NS significantly promotes cement hydration kinetics due to a synergistic effect, resulting in higher calcium hydroxide (CH) production. NS can thus react with the available CH through the pozzolanic reaction and produce more calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel. A noticeable improvement of strength development, as the result of the synergistic effect of NS and seawater, was therefore observed. In addition, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests confirmed significant improvements in microstructure when NS and seawater were combined, resulting in the production of a more compact and dense hardened paste structure. The optimal amount of NS to be mixed with seawater, was found to be 3 wt% of cement.
Emerging cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Schindler Suzanne E. , Li Yan , Todd Kaitlin W. , Herries Elizabeth M. , Henson Rachel L. , Gray Julia D. , Wang Guoqiao , Graham Danielle L. , Shaw Leslie M. , Trojanowski John Q. , Hassenstab Jason J. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Cruchaga Carlos , Jucker Mathias , Levin Johannes , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Noble James M. , Ringman John M. , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Holtzman David M. , Ladenson Jack H. , Morris John C. , Bateman Randall J. , Xiong Chengjie , Fagan Anne M. ,   Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionFour less well‐studied but promising “emerging” cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are elevated in late‐onset Alzheimer disease (AD): neurogranin, synaptosomal‐associated protein‐25 (SNAP‐25), visinin‐like protein 1 (VILIP‐1), and chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (YKL‐40).MethodsCSF neurogranin, SNAP‐25, VILIP‐1, and YKL‐40 were measured in families carrying autosomal‐dominant AD mutations.ResultsThe four emerging CSF biomarkers were significantly elevated in the mutation carriers (n = 235) versus noncarriers (n = 145). CSF SNAP‐25, VILIP‐1, and YKL‐40 were altered very early in the AD time course, approximately 15–19 years before estimated symptom onset. All CSF biomarkers predicted important AD‐related outcomes including performance on a cognitive composite, brain amyloid burden as measured by amyloid positron emission tomography, and the estimated years from symptom onset.DiscussionEarly abnormalities in CSF tTau, pTau, SNAP‐25, VILIP‐1, and YKL‐40 suggest that synaptic damage, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation begin shortly after the commencement of brain amyloid accumulation.
Inhibition of proNGF and p75NTR Pathway Restores Erectile Function Through Dual Angiogenic and Neurotrophic Effects in the Diabetic Mouse
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Minh , Song Kang-Moon , Choi Min-Ji , Ghatak Kalyan , Kwon Mi-Hye , Ock Jiyeon , Yin Guo Nan , Ryu Ji-Kan , Suh Jun-Kyu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Penile neurovascular dysfunction is a major cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) in diabetic patients, which causes poor response to oral phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. Nerve growth factor precursor (proNGF) and its p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) have been known to be involved in microvascular complications and neurodegeneration.

Aim
To examine the role of proNGF and its receptor p75NTR signaling pathway in diabetic ED, and to determine the effectiveness of proNGF neutralizing antibody (proNGF-Ab) in restoring erectile function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.

Methods
Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg) into 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice for 5 consecutive days. At 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes mellitus, the animals were distributed into 3 groups: controls and STZ-induced diabetic mice receiving 2 intracavernous injections of either saline (days −3 and 0; 20 μL) or proNGF-Ab (days −3 and 0; 20 μg in 20 μL of saline). We also examined the effect of proNGF-Ab or p75NTR small interfering RNA in primary cultured mouse cavernous endothelial cells, pericytes, and major pelvic ganglion.

Main Outcome Measures
Erectile function was measured by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve at 2 weeks after treatment, and the penis was then harvested for histologic and biochemical studies.

Results
The cavernous expression of proNGF and p75NTR was upregulated under diabetic conditions. Intracavernous injection of proNGF-Ab successfully restored erectile function in diabetic mice, which reach 93–96% of control values. ProNGF-Ab significantly restored cavernous endothelial cell, pericyte, and neuronal cell content, and increased endothelial cell-to-cell junction proteins in the diabetic mice. Under the high-glucose condition, proNGF-Ab or p75NTR small interfering RNA promoted tube formation in mouse cavernous endothelial cells and pericytes, decreased apoptosis of endothelial cells and pericytes, and enhanced neurite sprouting from major pelvic ganglion.

Clinical Implications
The ProNGF/p75NTR pathway will be a new therapeutic target for diabetic ED.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first study demonstrating the efficacy of the inhibition of proNGF/p75NTR pathway in diabetic ED. Further studies are needed to test whether a different dosing of proNGF-Ab would induce more durable erectile function recovery.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that inhibition of the proNGF/p75NTR signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic ED.
Digital Modeling for Bioarchaeologists
Authors: Wrobel Gabriel D. , Biggs Jack A. , Hair Amy L. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe creation of digital repositories of human skeletal remains offers bioarchaeologists a variety of potential means of aiding efforts related to curation and analysis. We present a discussion of how issues of preservation and access can affect research and argue that digital repositories not only maintain a record of objects but that the digital format allows researchers to expand their studies to include otherwise inaccessible collections. Digital models can be utilized by bioarchaeologists to collect and analyze a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative data. We review several digital capture methods employed by bioarchaeologists, including CT scanning, laser scanning, and photogrammetry. While photogrammetry is underutilized by bioarchaeologists, we point out its many advantages over other methods.
Considering Conservation of Human Skeletal Remains in Archaeological Contexts
Authors: Freiwald Carolyn , Miller Wolf Katherine A. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe articles in this issue present bioarchaeological case studies from across the globe, including North and Central America, East Asia, Europe, and the Near East. Some bioarchaeology projects are new and others are decades old, but common challenges emerge as researchers apply conservation standards to real situations in the field: a lack of training or resources for long-term curation of human remains, the lag between excavation and analysis of remains, and environmental challenges that include melting permafrost, tropical storms, and a variety of pests such as molds, fungi, bats, snakes, and insects. The studies also address ethical considerations about the use of digital images of human remains, molecular and isotopic methods that require the destruction of human tissue samples, the ability of fast-paced cultural resource management (CRM) projects to address the needs of descendant communities, and the responsibility that we have to the people we study. Techniques for addressing these challenges include new computer programs, more advanced photographic software, and research on the effects of conservation techniques that provide new “standards” for bioarchaeologists. We highlight the importance of each contribution and discuss the future of conservation in bioarchaeology.
Mapping the experiences and needs of deep brain stimulation for people with Parkinson’s disease and their family members
Authors: Liddle Jacki , Beazley Gregory , Gustafsson Louise , Silburn Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The lived experience of people with PD suggests a process of adjustment follows. This study aimed to explore the adjustment and associated education and support needs of people with PD undergoing DBS and their family members across the continuum of the DBS experience.MethodA structured qualitative description study including semi-structured interviews with people with PD (n= 14), family members (n= 10) and clinicians (n= 11) was conducted to explore lived experiences, needs, perspectives and clinical considerations. Inductive analysis indicated common temporal stages related to undergoing DBS, and the related experiences and needs were mapped.FindingsFour stages, each with unique needs, emerged:Considering DBSinvolved needs for peer-based education and realistic, meaningful goal setting;Surgery and Supportshifted to clinical support related to the surgery and support for the person and their family around immediate changes experienced;Seeking Stabilityfocused on timely clinical and practical support for the person and family around new changes and challenges to symptoms, behaviours and roles; andNext Stepsinvolved direction and support for reengagement in the self-management of the condition, and current and future changes related to PD.All participants with PD and their family members in this study indicated that overall their experiences with DBS had led to positive changes in their symptoms and lives. Consideration of different needs at different times in the process may be applied within clinical practice to support adjustment.
Nonlinear spectral model for rotating sheared turbulence
Authors: Zhu Ying , Cambon C. , Godeferd F. S. , Salhi A. 
Published: March 2019

We propose a statistical model for homogeneous turbulence undergoing distortions, which improves and extends the MCS model by Mons, Cambon & Sagaut (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 788, 2016, 147–182). The spectral tensor of two-point second-order velocity correlations is predicted in the presence of arbitrary mean-velocity gradients and in a rotating frame. For this, we numerically solve coupled equations for the angle-dependent energy spectrum${\mathcal{E}}(\boldsymbol{k},t)$that includes directional anisotropy, and for the deviatoric pseudo-scalar $Z(\boldsymbol{k},t)$, that underlies polarization anisotropy ($\boldsymbol{k}$ is the wavevector,$t$the time). These equations include two parts: (i) exact linear terms representing the viscous spectral linear theory (SLT) when considered alone; (ii) generalized transfer terms mediated by two-point third-order correlations. In contrast with MCS, our model retains the complete angular dependence of the linear terms, whereas the nonlinear transfer terms are closed by a reduced anisotropic eddy damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) technique similar to MCS, based on truncated angular harmonics expansions. And in contrast with most spectral approaches based on characteristic methods to represent mean-velocity gradient terms, we use high-order finite-difference schemes (FDSs). The resulting model is applied to homogeneous rotating turbulent shear flow with several Coriolis parameters and constant mean shear rate. First, we assess the validity of the model in the linear limit. We observe satisfactory agreement with existing numerical SLT results and with theoretical results for flows without rotation. Second, fully nonlinear results are obtained, which compare well to existing direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. In both regimes, the new model improves significantly the MCS model predictions. However, in the non-rotating shear case, the expected exponential growth of turbulent kinetic energy is found only with a hybrid model for nonlinear terms combining the anisotropic EDQNM closure and Weinstock’s return-to-isotropy model.
Gδ Sets IN σ-IDEALS GENERATED BY COMPACT SETS
Authors: SARAN MAYA 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGiven a compact Polish spaceEand the hyperspace of its compact subsets${\cal K}\left( E \right)$, we considerGδσ-ideals of compact subsets ofE. Solecki has shown that anyσ-ideal in a broad natural class ofGδideals can be represented via a compact subset of${\cal K}\left( E \right)$; in this article we examine the behaviour ofGδsubsets ofEwith respect to the representing set. Given an idealIin this class, we construct a representing set that recognises a compact subset ofEas being “small” precisely when it is inI, and recognises aGδsubset ofEas being “small” precisely when it is covered by countably many compact sets fromI.
Discrepant molecular and clinical diagnoses in Beckwith-Wiedemann and Silver-Russell syndromes
Authors: Mackay Deborah J.G. , Bliek Jet , Lombardi Maria Paola , Russo Silvia , Calzari Luciano , Guzzetti Sara , Izzi Claudia , Selicorni Angelo , Melis Daniela , Temple Karen , Maher Eamonn , Brioude Frédéric , Netchine Irène , Eggermann Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBeckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) are two imprinting disorders associated with opposite molecular alterations in the 11p15.5 imprinting centres. Their clinical diagnosis is confirmed by molecular testing in 50–70% of patients. The authors from different reference centres for BWS and SRS have identified single patients with unexpected and even contradictory molecular findings in respect to the clinical diagnosis. These patients clinically do not fit the characteristic phenotypes of SRS or BWS, but illustrate their clinical heterogeneity. Thus, comprehensive molecular testing is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management, to avoid premature clinical diagnosis and anxiety for the families.