bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia modulate Aβ-dependent astrocyte reactivity in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Zimmer Eduardo , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Povala Guilherme , Rahmouni Nesrine , Bellaver Bruna , Ferreira Pamela , Leffa Douglas , Lussier Firoza , Aguzzoli Cristiano , Brum Wagner , De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Carello-Collar Giovanna , Borelli Wyllians , Therriault Joseph Therriault , Macedo Arthur , Servaes Stijn , Stevenson Jenna , Pola Ilaria , Gauthier Serge , Souza Diogo , Schilling Lucas , Lourenco Mychael , Triana-Baltzer Gallen , Kolb Hartmuth , Benedet Andréa , Ashton Nicholas , Tudorascu Dana , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Pascoal Tharick , Rosa-Neto Pedro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Experimental evidence suggests that activated microglia induce astrocyte reactivity in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we investigated the association between microglial activation and amyloid-β (Aβ) with reactive astrogliosis in the living AD human brain. We studied 101 individuals across the AD spectrum with positron emission tomography (PET) for Aβ aggregation ([18F]AZD4694) and translocator protein (TSPO) microglial activation ([11C]PBR28), along with the plasma biomarker for astrocyte reactivity glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). We further assessed tau phosphorylation by plasma phosphorylated tau at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and tau aggregation using [18F]MK-6240 PET. We found that Aβ pathology was associated with increased astrocyte reactivity across cortical brain regions only in the presence of elevated levels of microglial activation. Importantly, the microglia-dependent effects of Aβ on astrocyte reactivity were further related to cognitive impairment through tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Postmortem data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that TSPO mRNA expression patterns reflected the in-vivo Aβ-glia relationships, indicating that the interplay between AD pathophysiology and glial reactivity might be regulated at the gene expression level. Altogether, our results provide biomarker-based clinical evidence that microglial activation plays a key role in Aβ-related astrocyte reactivity, which, in turn, contributes to downstream pathological features of AD. These findings shed light on the intricate crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes in the AD brain, offering insights for the development of glia-targeting therapies.
Ataluren Treatment Improves Hematopoietic and Pancreatic Disorders in Patients with Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
Authors: Cipolli Marco , Bezzerri Valentino , Pegoraro Anna , Hristodor Anca , Crane Genevieve , Meneghelli Ilaria , Brignole Cecilia , Boni Christian , Baldisseri Elena , Vella Antonio , Menichetti Giacomo , Valli Roberto , Porta Giovanni , D'Amico Giovanna , Tecchio Cristina , Parisi Alice , Lippi Giuseppe , Cesaro Simone , Corey Seth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, and a high risk of myeloid malignancy. Most patients with SDS harbor nonsense mutations in Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene (SBDS), which encodes a ribosome assembly factor. We investigated the translational read-through effect of ataluren in three patients with SDS. The primary and secondary endpoints were restoring SBDS protein levels in hematopoietic cells and improving myelopoiesis, respectively. SBDS synthesis increased in hematopoietic cells, whereas the bone marrow showed improved cellularity with the maturation of myeloid progenitors. The exocrine pancreatic function also improved. Thus, this clinical study strongly encourages the further clinical development of ataluren to treat SDS.
Prevalence and Usage Trends of Large Language Models in Health Science Publications: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: MohanaSundaram ArunSundar , M Yogesh , Atanasov Atanas G , Kaneda Yudai , Oami Takehiko , Sathanantham Shanmugarajan Thukani , Aderinto Nicholas , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background. The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted scientific research and publishing. However, the extent and nature of this impact across health sciences remain unclear.
Objectives. To determine the prevalence and trends of LLM usage in health science publications from 2022 and 2024, and to analyze variations across countries, publishers, journals, and institutions.
Methods. We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection across twelve major health science disciplines. LLM usage was assessed using linguistic markers associated with LLM-generated text from the first five months (January 1 to May 31) of 2022 and 2024. Comparative analyses were performed with and without common LLM-related adjectives and adverbs.
Results. The analysis revealed significant shifts in the global landscape of LLM usage in health science publications from 2022 to 2024. English-speaking countries, such as the USA (-10.350%, p<0.001) and England (-2.095%, p<0.001), showed a marked decrease in LLM-related research output, while Asian and Middle Eastern countries demonstrated substantial increases (China: +12.473%, p<0.001; India: +1.821%, p<0.001). This trend was mirrored at the institutional level, with prestigious Western institutions experiencing declines (Harvard University: -0.665%, p<0.001) and Chinese institutions showing growth (Chinese Academy of Sciences: +0.295%, p=0.054). Global publishers like Springer Nature (+9.178%, p<0.001) and open-access journals such as Cureus Journal of Medical Science (+3.040%, p<0.0001) saw significant increases in LLM-related publications
Conclusion. The transition in the use of LLM from English-speaking to non-English-speaking countries, especially in Asia, presents both opportunities and challenges. These include addressing potential biases and differences in research integrity standards. This highlights the need for international collaboration to create consistent, ethical standards for LLMs in research. Future efforts should focus on developing methods to detect the use of LLMs use and assess their impact, ensuring that scientific outputs are equitable and of high quality globally.
Research on the material removal mechanism of vibration-assisted nano-scratch on single-crystal GaN by molecular dynamics
Authors: Luo Bin , Li Yuwei , Miu Jun , Jiao ZhenHua , Fu Youzhi , Shu Rong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Single-crystal gallium nitride (GaN) is a semiconductor material with high hardness and high brittleness. To reveal the differences in the micro-mechanisms of material removal during conventional grinding and ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding, and to provide guidance for the high-efficiency, high-quality planarization processing of single-crystal GaN, this study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to establish a model of single-crystal GaN being scratched by a single abrasive grain with/without ultrasonic vibration assistance. The study compares the differences in surface morphology and subsurface damage formation mechanisms of single-crystal GaN under conditions with and without ultrasonic assistance. The results indicate that, compared to conventional grinding, the periodic ultrasonic vibrations effectively reduce the normal force and result in a more uniform distribution of stress and temperature, thereby mitigating local stress concentration and thermal accumulation effects. Ultrasonic vibration alters the motion of the abrasive grain, increasing the effective contact area and material removal range, reducing the number of residual atoms in the machining area, and lowering the chip pile-up height at the abrasive grain's leading edge. Additionally, the micro-shear deformation induced by ultrasonic vibrations helps suppress brittle fracture phenomena caused by excessive local stress, thus reducing the thickness of the subsurface damage layer. These findings provide new insights into the microscopic mechanisms of material removal in high-efficiency, high-quality grinding processes of single-crystal GaN.
To Hoard or not to Hoard: Does a simple decision rule guide hoarding in coal tits (Periparus ater)?
Authors: O'Hagan Daniel David , Donley Dion , Yeung Sheren Y. W. , Foglietti Camilla Daphne Blasi , Wales Dan , Wintersgill Donna , Smulders Tom Victor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

While many researchers have investigated the adaptive value of food-hoarding behaviour, as well as the mechanisms by which food is retrieved, very few studies to date have investigated the mechanisms underlying the motivation to hoard, and especially the final decision as to whether to eat or hoard an individual item. We report on the unexpected observation that coal tits (Periparus ater) were more likely to hoard peanut pieces that were made distasteful with quinine than control peanut pieces. We then conducted two follow-up studies to test the hypothesis that coal tits preferentially hoard bitter tasting peanuts over regular tasting ones. We do not find any evidence for preferential hoarding of bitter nuts in our first follow-up study, although birds still hoarded 55% of bitter nuts. Birds also do not distinguish between the two nut types when retrieving them after 30 min. In our final study, we trained the birds to associate a colour with the bitter taste to test whether this changed their ability to remember which hoards contain bitter seeds. However, when they can identify the bitter seeds from a distance, they avoid them altogether, neither eating nor hoarding the bitter seeds. Bringing together these findings, we propose the hypothesis that coal tits decide whether to hoard an item or not using a simple rule of thumb: if the item has been collected and is edible, but the bird is not motivated to eat it at that moment in time, it should hoard it. We believe that this simple rule of thumb, together with a change in food availability, may be responsible for seasonal patterns of hoarding intensity throughout the non-breeding season in the field.
Study on the Non-destructive Detection Method of Moisture Content in Dried Apple Pulp by Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Hu Jun , Mao Xiaodong , Yang Shimin , Huang Zhikai , Liu Wennan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective: If the dried apple is not dried enough in the production process, it is easy to cause the growth of mold, leading to serious food safety problems. Therefore, it is of great economic and social significance to find a method to detect the moisture content of dried apple efficiently and non-destructively.
Methods：In this paper, fresh apple samples were made, dried in a drying oven, and 8 gradients of different moisture content were made. The difference of terahertz spectra of dried apple with different moisture content was investigated by terahertz absorption spectrum.
Result：In the results of preprocessing, for Partial Least Squares, the optimal model is Normalization- Partial Least Squares, which has an RMSEP of 2.0289 and an RP of 0.8985. For Least Squares Support Vector Machine, the optimal model is 1st Derivative-Least Squares Support Vector Machine, which has an RMSEP of 1.1757 and an RP of 0.9685. After the addition of the feature extraction, it was found that the optimal model is 1st Derivative-Uninformative Variable Elimination-Least Squares Support Vector Machine, which has an RMSEP of 1.0483 and an RP of 0.9761. Compared to the Least Squares Support Vector Machine model of raw data, the RMSEP reduced by 0.3968 and the RP improved by 2.57%.
Conclusion：In this paper, the feasibility of using terahertz spectroscopy to predict the moisture content of dried apples was verified, and a moisture content prediction model with high accuracy was established.
In Vitro Fertilization with Dichorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Study Comparing Pregnancy Outcomes of Advanced Maternal Age and Age-Appropriate nulliparous women
Authors: Zhao Kaisun , Yuan Chunlan , He Shimei , He Meirong , Jian Wenqian , Yan Jian , Huang Jianchun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective and Significance:
This study aims to compare the pregnancy outcomes of advanced maternal age and age-appropriate nulliparous women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with dichorionic-diamniotic twin pregnancies (DCDA).
Methods
A total of 141 nulliparous women who underwent cesarean section due to IVF DCDA twin pregnancies at the Second People's Hospital of Nanning between January 2020 and August 2024 were analyzed. The advanced maternal age group consisted of 47 cases, while the age-appropriate group comprised 94 cases, with propensity score matching (PSM) applied. We observed parameters including body mass index (BMI), parity, age at menarche, gestational week at delivery, preterm birth (PTB), premature rupture of membranes (PROM), low birth weight (LBW), twin growth discordance, intraoperative blood loss, hemoglobin levels in early and late pregnancy, placenta previa, placental abruption, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).
Results
The advanced maternal age group exhibited higher rates of twin growth discordance and intraoperative blood loss compared to the age-appropriate group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups regarding PTB, LBW, placenta previa, placental abruption, GDM, HDP, ICP, and PPH.
Conclusion
Advanced maternal age nulliparous women undergoing IVF with DCDA twin may face higher risks of twin growth discordance and intraoperative blood loss, but there are no significant differences in other pregnancy complications and outcomes compared to age-appropriate nulliparous women. This suggests that with proper monitoring during pregnancy, favorable outcomes can be achieved in advanced maternal age nulliparous women undergoing IVF with DCDA twin pregnancies.
ADEP‎: ‎A Novel Approach Based on Discriminator-Enhanced Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Accurate Prediction of Adverse Effects in Polypharmacy
Authors: Kobraei Katayoun , Baradaran Mehrdad , Sadeghi Seyed Mohsen , Masumshah Raziyeh , Eslahchi Changiz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Unanticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) pose a significant risk of severe bodily harm, emphasizing the importance of predicting adverse effects in polypharmacy. Recent advancements in computational methods have aimed to tackle this critical challenge.
Results: We introduce ADEP, a novel approach that integrates a discriminator and an encoder-decoder model to address data sparsity and improve feature extraction accuracy. ADEP utilizes a three-part model including a multiple classification method to predict adverse effects in polypharmacy. Performance evaluation on three benchmark datasets demonstrates that ADEP outperforms several well-known methods, including GGI-DDI, SSF-DDI, LSFC, DPSP, GNN-DDI, MSTE, MDF-SA-DDI, NNPS, DDIMDL, Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Decision Tree (DT). Comprehensive analysis of ADEP’s performance on these datasets highlights key metrics such as Accuracy (ACC), Area Under the Receiver Operating CharacteristicCurve (AUROC), Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC), F-score, Recall, Precision, False Negatives (FN), and False Positives (FP). The results demonstrate that ADEP achieves a more accurate prediction of adverse effects associated with polypharmacy. Furthermore, a case study conducted with real-world patient data illustrates the practical application of ADEP in identifying potential drug-drug interactions and preventing adverse effects.
Conclusions: ADEP represents a significant advancement in predicting adverse effects of polypharmacy, offering improved accuracy and reliability. Its innovative architecture and alternative classification methods contribute to better representation and feature extraction from sparse medical data, thereby enhancing medication safety and patient outcomes. The source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/m0hssn/ADEP.
14-3-3ζ: An Optimal Housekeeping Protein for Western Blot Analysis in Swine Rotator Cuff Tendon Studies
Authors: Rajalekshmi Resmi , Rai Vikrant , Agrawal Devendra K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Healthy biomechanics of the shoulder involving rotator cuff muscles and rotator cuff tendon (RCT) is pivotal for joint stability, yet co-morbid conditions like hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia can lead to degenerative changes jeopardizing tendon integrity. A change in protein expression, the functional moiety for molecular events, may result in altered healing of RCT and prolonged morbidity. Expression and activity of proteins are critical while investigating the underlying molecular and cellular changes involved in tendinopathy. While investigating the changes in the protein expression of various inflammatory mediators, we observed that the Western Blot bands for commonly used housekeeping genes (GAPDH, β-actin, and α-tubulin) were not uniform in different tendon samples. Therefore, we investigated for an optimal housekeeping gene for Western blot analysis in swine RCT under normal and hyperlipidemic conditions, as this is essential for accurate normalization of protein expression. The study evaluated several housekeeping genes—GAPDH, beta-actin, alpha and beta-tubulin, Ubiquitin C, Cyclophilin A, TATA-box binding protein, and 14-3-3ζ—to ensure robust normalization across experimental setups. The results revealed that the protein expression of 14-3-3ζ was uniform in all samples, thereby validating its suitability as a stable housekeeping protein. The findings are important while studying the RCT pathology in a clinically relevant animal model, like swine, which mimics human RCT and provides translationally significant findings. Thus, the 14-3-3ζ protein will be an ideal housekeeping gene in the design of experiments utilizing musculoskeletal tissues.
A delayed response in area-concentrated search can improve foraging success.
Authors: Chaianunporn Thotsapol , Hovestadt Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Area-concentrated search (ACS) is a simple movement rule implying that an animal searches for resources using a 'state-dependent correlated random walk'. Accordingly, a forager increases its searching intensity by reducing the directionality of movement ('intensive search mode' or ISM) when it detects a resource item, but if it searches unsuccessfully for a while, it returns to a more straight-line movement to search for new resource locations elsewhere ('extensive search mode' or ESM). In this study, we propose a modified ACS, called delayed-response ACS (dACS), which would be more efficient in resource collecting than the standard ACS.
Methods Instead of immediately switching from ESM to ISM upon encountering a resource as done in the standard ACS, an individual foraging in the dACS mode delays this switch for x steps (the delay parameter) so that it continues moving in a straight line for a while before switching to ISM. We simulated the movement paths of an individual with ACS compared with dACS in a continuous landscape with a single resource cluster and varied two different movement parameters, that is x and the half-saturation constant h that affects how quickly the forager returns to straight line movement, and two landscape parameters, i.e., cluster size and resource density.
Results Our results show that an individual with a suitable delay parameter x for the dACS achieves substantially higher foraging success than an individual with standard ACS (x=0). Optimal foraging success occurs when x is approximately similar to the patch radius r. This is because, with dACS, an individual can penetrate deeper into a cluster and stay longer within it, ultimately increasing the number of resources collected. Modifying the half-saturation constant h also affects foraging success but effects depend on resource density and cluster size. Generally, h modulates the optimal x value only slightly.
Conclusions An individual following a dACS with an adequate delay x can collect more resources from a patch than one using standard ACS; this hold in particular if patches are small or resource density is low. dACS can be interpreted as a survey movement within a resource cluster before switching from ESM to ISM. The dACS rule does not rely on complex spatial memory but only on memorizing whether resources were found or not. It may thus occur also in a wide range of taxa, from organisms without a central nervous system to animals with complex brain systems.
Squamous cell lung cancer coexisting with pulmonary MALT lymphoma: a rare case report
Authors: Li Ao , Jiang Lei , Hu Yin-Ting , Liu Zhi-Hua , Jiang Ben-Yuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates from MALT, most commonly in the stomach. However, primary pulmonary MALT lymphoma is particularly rare, and concomitant squamous cell lung cancer is even rarer. Herein, we report a rare case of squamous cell lung cancer coexisting with pulmonary MALT lymphoma. Case presentation A 67-year-old elderly male presented with chest pain and was found to have a lesion approximately 32×14 mm in the left upper lung during health examination. A biopsy confirmed squamous cell lung cancer, with negative EGFR and ALK driver genes, and PD-L1 expression < 1%. 18F-FDG-PET/CT indicated multiple mediastinal lymph node metastases. After three cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, the patient underwent left upper lobectomy and radical lymph node dissection. Histopathological and molecular examinations confirmed that the lesion combined with a pulmonary MALT lymphoma, and the neoadjuvant therapy efficacy evaluation of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma achieved pathological complete response (pCR). Postoperatively, the patient received only two cycles of adjuvant immunotherapy due to interstitial pneumonia. Follow-up a year post-surgery showed no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion For patients with concurrent primary pulmonary lymphoma (PLL) and lung squamous cell carcinoma, there are currently no definitive treatment guidelines for this scenario. Our case suggests that the treatment strategy should prioritize lung cancer management. Further cases are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential treatment options.
NCOR1 Deficiency in Macrophages Aggravates Aortic Aneurysm Formation via the ANGPTL4-ALDOA-MMP2 Axis
Authors: Zhang Deshuai , Zhu Hong , Fu Wenxia , Yitong Pan , Li Ruogu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An aortic aneurysm (AA) is a life-threatening cardiovascular condition characterized by progressive aortic dilation and potential rupture. In this study, we determined the function of nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCOR1) in macrophages in AA development. First, macrophage-specific NCOR1 knockout (MNKO) mice were generated, followed by treatment with β-aminopropionitrile to induce AA. AA formation was exacerbated in MNKO mice, with increased aortic dilation, elastin degradation, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, NCOR1 deficiency promoted M1 macrophage polarization and upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Mechanistically, NCOR1 regulates the ANGPTL4-ALDOA-MMP2 signaling axis in macrophages. Particularly, NCOR1 directly binds to the ANGPTL4 promoter, suppressing its transcription. ANGPTL4 knockdown attenuates NCOR1 deficiency-induced ALDOA and MMP2 upregulation. These findings suggest that macrophage-specific NCOR1 deficiency exacerbates AA formation via enhanced inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix degradation. The identification of the NCOR1-ANGPTL4-ALDOA-MMP2 axis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AA development and highlights the essential role of epigenetic regulation in maintaining aortic wall integrity. This discovery may serve as therapeutic targets for preventing and treating AA.