bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine adequacy in reproductive age women living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Azzeh Firas , Refaat Bassem Amr 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Despite the significance of iodine deficiency in women of reproductive age due its associated serious maternal and foetal complications, surveys related to this vulnerable population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) are lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to measure the frequency alongside the potential socioeconomic factors contributing towards iodine inadequacy in Saudi women of childbearing age from the Western province of KSA.Methods Urinary iodine concentrations IUIC) were measured in random spot samples collected from 1222 pregnant women and 400 age-matched non-pregnant/non-lactating women. The socioeconomic characteristics were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The classification of iodine sufficiency was based on the WHO criteria for UIC in pregnant (150–249 μg/L) and non-pregnant women (100–199 μg/L).Results The UIC median in the non-pregnant women (101.64 μg/L; IQR: 73.72) was at the lowest WHO recommended cut-off. The pregnant women, on the other hand, had a median UIC (112.99 μg/L; IQR: 104.56) markedly below the minimal WHO limit for pregnancy. Coherently, the median IUC was below adequacy across the trimesters and was lowest during the first trimester. Additionally, 49.7% (n = 199) of the non-pregnant and 62.5% (n = 764) of pregnant women were iodine deficient as per the WHO criteria. While pregnancy (OR = 4.3; 95%CI: 3.08–5.96) and using non-iodised salt (OR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.35–2.83) significantly increased the risk of iodine deficiency, the intake of iodine supplements significantly lowered the risk (OR = 0.010; 95%CI: 0.006–0.017). On the other hand, the intake of iodine above requirement was observed in 8.5% and 4.2% of the non-pregnant and pregnant women, respectively. Moreover, BMI was the sole independent factor increasing the odds (OR = 1.061; 95%CI: 1.010–1.114) of taking iodine above requirements.Conclusions This study is the first to show high prevalence of mild iodine deficiency among reproductive age Saudi women, which could represent a serious public health problem. This study also advocates the necessity to establish routine iodine dietary advice services by the health authorities to foster adequate iodine intake in pregnant women to avoid the perilous maternal-foetal health consequences of iodine deficiency.
Активація внутрішньоклітинних ферментних систем під впливом патогенетичних факторів канцерогенезу у хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу
Authors: Vatseba T.S. 
Published: September 2019

Актуальність. У пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом (ЦД) доведено підвищений ризик онкологічних захворювань. Основними чинниками онкогенезу при ЦД визнано ожиріння, цитокіновий дисбаланс, гіпер­інсулінемію, гіперглікемію. Вказані розлади зумовлюють дисфункцію внутрішньоклітинних регуляторних сигнальних шляхів, основним з яких є шлях PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Мета. Дослідження ролі фосфорильованої Akt­протеїнкінази (фосфо­Akt) у процесах онкогенезу у пацієнтів із ЦД 2­го типу. Матеріали та методи. Обстежені 75 осіб. Хворі розподілені на групи: І — здорові, ІІ — пацієнти з ЦД 2­го типу, ІІІ — хворі на рак, IV — хворі на рак, що виник на тлі ЦД 2­го типу. Були залучені пацієнти з раком молочної залози (МЗ), ендометрія (РЕ), підшлункової залози та кишечника. Визначали рівень інсуліну, інсуліноподібного фактора росту 1 (IGF­1) та фосфо­Akt. Результати. Пацієнти ІІ і ІV груп мали декомпенсований ЦД із рівнем HbA1с > 8,0 %. Вірогідну гіперінсулінемію виявлено у хворих на ЦД ІІ та IV груп (p < 0,05), а підвищений рівень IGF­1 — в усіх групах дослідження (p < 0,05). Показники фосфо­Akt у пацієнтів ІІІ групи були підвищеними (p < 0,05), а в ІV групі — зниженими (p < 0,05). У ІІІ групі виявлено гіперінсулінемію у хворих на РЕ, МЗ і кишечника (p < 0,05) та підвищення рівня IGF­1 незалежно від локалізації (p < 0,05). У ІV групі підвищені рівні інсуліну та IGF­1 виявлені у хворих на рак МЗ та РЕ (p < 0,05). У жінок ІІІ групи, хворих на рак МЗ та РЕ, рівень IGF­1 був вищим від показників ІV групи (p < 0,05). У пацієнтів IV групи, які отримували монотерапію метформіном, рівень фосфо­Akt був вірогідно нижчим (p < 0,05). Виявлено прямий кореляційний зв’язок між фосфо­Akt та IGF­1 у пацієнтів ІІ групи (r = 0,50, p < 0,05) і між фосфо­Akt та інсуліном у ІІІ групі (r = 0,45, p < 0,05). Висновки. ГІ та IGF­1 є спільними патогенетичними факторами ЦД 2­го типу та онкологічних захворювань. Підвищений рівень фосфо­Akt може бути лабораторною ознакою онкоризику в здорових осіб. Поєднання ЦД 2­го типу та онкологічних захворювань зумовлює зниження рівня фосфо­Akt через конкурентну взаємодію внутрішньоклітинних сигнальних шляхів. Терапія метформіном сприяє зниженню рівня фосфо­Akt та може розглядатись як один із засобів протиракової профілактики.
Inter-Provincial Spatial Linkages of Crime Pattern in Indonesia: Looking at Education and Economic Inequality Effects on Crime
Authors: Trisnawati Dian , Khoirunurrofik Khoirunurrofik 
Published: September 2019

Crime is one of social issues and it becomes spatial phenomenon as the inclination of crime rate in a particular region affecting its neighboring regions. This paper aims to explore the inter-provincial spatial linkages of crime rate in Indonesia and examine the effects of lack of education and economic inequality on criminal occurrences. Panel data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2007-2013 periods are explored and discover the existence of spatial linkages of crime rate among provinces. The spatial autocorrelation (SAC) model shows that the economic gap amid the society become the trigger for crime occurrence. Criminal actions are expected to increase as the Gini index is high since the inequality can make social jealousy is inevitable and triggering criminal actions. Furthermore, lack of education is also proven significantly in affecting crime rate, imply that education level may affect individual’s decision to commit criminal actions.
Change Detection in Landuse/ Landcover of Abeokuta Metropolitan Area, Nigeria Using Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing
Authors: Hezekiah Adebayo Oluwasegun , O Otun. W. , Samuel Daniel, I. 
Published: September 2019

This research paper examined the changes in land use/ land cover of Abeokuta, Nigeria between 1984 and 2015 using Multi-Temporal Landsat Remote Sensing paired with Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The evaluation of the trend, rate and magnitude changes was the objectives of this study. Five Landsat satellite images of different dates, i.e., Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) of 1984, 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2015 with spatial resolution ranging from 15, 30 and 60metres were obtained from National Aeronautics Space Administration(NASA),United State Geological Survey Website and GIS facility of Sioux Falls Website and quantify the changes over a period of thirty-one (31) years. Supervised classification methodology was applied to the acquired multi-band raster imageries using maximum livelihood technique in ERDAS Imagine 9.3. The images of the study area were classified into three (3) classes namely; vegetation, water body and built-up area and were overlay with vector maps of the study area generated in ArcGIS 10. The results show that for the period of 31years (1984-2015), vegetation which covered 76.20% of the total area has decreased to 39.29%, water body decreases from 6.63% to 1.89% while the built –up area which initially was 17.14% as at 1984 increased to 58.82%. The study, however, recommended that there is a need for a timely Land use/ Land cover mapping of the entire Abeokuta and its environs in order to reduce the effects of undiscrimate land utilization in the area. This will also facilitate necessary Land use planning and forestall the rising sprawl not only in Abeokuta but also in other urban centres.
Yersinia ruckeri Suşlarında Çevreyi Algılama Sistemi ve Yönetimindeki Virülens Faktörlerinin Araştırılması
Authors: Filik Nurdan , Kubilay Ayşegül 
Published: September 2019

Çevreyi algılama sistemi
(QS) yönetimindeki AHL molekülleriyle klinik Yersinia ruckeri suşları aynı anda etki göstererek virülens faktörleriyle
balıklarda enfeksiyonlara sebep olmaktadır. Araştırmada gram negatif bakteriyel balık patojeni
olan Y. ruckeri (12 suş) izolatları
kullanılmıştır. Acyl yan zincirinde 4-8
karbona sahip N-butanoyl-L-homoserin lakton (BHL)
ve Acyl yan zincirinde 6-12 karbona sahip
N-(3-okzododekanoyl)-L-homoserin lakton (OdDHL) sinyal moleküllerinin
üretimi, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 ve Agrobacterium tumafeciens
NT1 mikrobiyolojik monitör sistemleriyle (biyosensör suşlarıyla) test edilmiştir. Pozitif kontrol olarak Pseudomonas
aeruginosa PAO1 suşu kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta Y. ruckeri suşlarının, C. violaceum CV026 suşu kullanılarak
yapılan testlerde BHL sinyal molekülünü,
A. tumafeciens NT1 kullanılarak yapılan testlerde de OdDHL sinyal molekülünü ürettiği tespit edilmiştir.

Üretmiş oldukları bu sinyal molekülleri
aracılığıyla birbirleriyle iletişim kurmakta ve
istedikleri çoğunluğa ulaştıkları anda balık için kritik gen ekspresyonlarını tetikleyerek virülens faktörlerini
üretmektedirler. Y. ruckeri suşlarının
azda olsa elastazı ürettiği tespit edilirken, ramnolipid, proteaz, amilaz ve hemoliz
aktiviteleri gibi virülens faktörlerini üretmediği tespit edilmiştir.
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS PORTOFOLIO DAN KEMAMPUAN AWAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
Authors: . Rohani , Sitompul Harun 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan hasil belajar PPKnsiswa yang diberi model pembelajaran portofolio dengan kelompok siswa yang diberi model pembelajaran konvensional, (2) perbedaan hasil belajar PPKn antara siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal tinggi dengan siswa yang memiliki kemampuan awal rendah, dan (3) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar pendidikan kewarganegaraan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian faktorial 2x2, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan ANAVA dua jalur pada taraf signifikansi a = 0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Model Pembelajaran berbasis portofolio memberikan hasil belajar PPKn siswa lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional; (2) Kelompok siswa yang kemampuan awalnya tinggi memperoleh skor hasil belajar PKn yang lebih tinggi di banding dengan kelompok siswa yang kemampuan awalnya rendah; (3) Terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal dalam mempengaruhi hasil belajar PKn siswa. Kata Kunci: pembelajran berbasis potofolio, kemampuan awal, PKn. Abstract: This research was aimed to: (1) The difference of student’s civil achievement between a group of student who were given portfolio base learning models and conventional models. (2) The difference of civic learning achievement between a student who has a high beginning ability and a student who student who has a low beginning ability, (3) The interaction between instuctional models and beginning ability to influence the civic learning achievement. The research method used quasi experiment with factorial design 2x2. The data analysis technique was analysis of variance (ANOVA) two way at significant a = 0.05. The result of the research are: (1) Portfolio base instuctional models created a better students civic achievement,if we,compared it with the conventional instuction models; (2) A group of student who had high beginning ability got better civic learning achievement score than they who had low beginning ability; (3) There was interaction between learning models and beginning ability to influence civic achievement. Keywords: learning-based portfolios, initial ability, PKn
Endangered flora of Gdańsk Pomerania – its distinctiveness and diversity
Authors: Wszałek-Rożek Katarzyna , Lazarus Magdalena , Afranowicz-Cieślak Renata , Gołębiewska Joanna , Kuczyńska Anna , Jarosińska Marta , Eichmann Artur , Markowski Ryszard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGdańsk Pomerania is a region characterized by unique physiographic features and diverse flora. This region, as many other areas, is subject to numerous accelerating transformations. The occurrence of numerous species on their range edges and on isolated stands, e.g. mountain and xerothermic grassland species, was an important criterion in the development of a regional red list of vascular plants of Gdańsk Pomerania (Markowski & Buliński 2004). On this list, 648 species of vascular plants, which constitute about 39% of the regional flora and 26% of all Polish flora, are considered to be endangered at various levels. In total, 47 species have been declared extinct in the aforementioned region (RE), 39 taxa are considered as critically endangered (CR) and 109 – as endangered (EN). Further 222 plant species are classified as vulnerable (moderately endangered) (VU), 124 have low risk categories (NT or LC) and there are 107 taxa of unknown threat, due to lack of sufficient information (DD). The aim of this work was to synthesize endangered components of Gdańsk Pomerania vascular plant flora for their better recognition and characterization. Among the species varying in threat degrees, the authors identified species protected by law and endangered in Poland as well as globally. In addition, the participation of species diagnostic of individual phytosociological units was verified. Also, the share of taxa representing various geographical elements was indicated.
Biodiversity: Research and Conservation reaches volume 50! Looking back and forward
Authors: Jackowiak Bogdan , Celka Zbigniew , Obarska Elżbieta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For 12 years, Biodiversity: Research and Conservation has been publishing scientific articles in the area of taxonomy, chorology, ecology and nature protection. In accordance with the journal’s profile adopted from the very beginning, the subject of publications are plants in the wide, traditional perspective of this group of organisms, as well as fungi and lichens. Over 12 years, 345 scientific articles were published in the journal’s pages. The frequency in individual sections is as follows: Variability, taxonomy and phylogeny – 95, Chorology – 92, Ecology – 79, Nature protection – 51, other topics – 28. The authors of these articles are 468 scientists from 28 countries. To ensure a high level of publications, the submitted works are send for review. To date, 171 scientists specializing in biological diversity research participated in the review process.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, published at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (Poland), is open for the authors from the whole world and attracts a growing interest among researchers and readers. The data presented in this article show that this journal is read in a growing number of countries. It reaches readers mostly through its online version, but it is still published also in the traditional paper form, with the possibility of including colour photographs and figures.
Optimal Synthesis of Substituted and Branched Pyrazines via Reaction of Alpha Hydroxy Ketones with Selected Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Ashraf-Khorassani Mehdi , Coleman William M. , Dube Michael F. , Taylor Larry T. 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Employment of 1-hydroxy-acetone as a carbon source and NH4OH as a source of base and nitrogen, has enabled arrays of pyrazines to be synthesized. Reaction conditions such as temperature, time, carbon/nitrogen mole ratios and pH were optimized to maximize the quantity of pyrazines, thereby providing the synthesis of at least 19–20 structurally different pyrazines. Addition of amino acids, selected aldehydes, and hydrolyzed tobacco-derived F1 protein has positively impacted the array of pyrazines from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Results further showed that by changing the carbon source from 1-hydroxy-acetone to 1-hydroxy-2-butanone and/or 2-hydroxy-3-butanone, control of the type of pyrazines being synthesized could be realized in that the qualitative and quantitative distributions of the pyrazine array were shifted to higher molecular weight derivatives. A relatively large scale reaction (1.5 L) employing optimized parameters yielded > 2 g of a diverse array of pyrazines dominated by multiple dimethylpyrazine derivatives. While systematically varying reaction conditions and reagent mole ratios can predictably alter the distribution and yield of pyrazines, the two most overwhelmingly significant factors governing these two pyrazine product characteristics included the structure of the carbon source and the presence or absence of aldehydes and free amino acids.
Satisficing Newsvendor Problem with the Optimism Coefficient
Authors: Bieniek Milena 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this research note the satisficing newsvendor problem is considered which is defined as the maximization of the probability of exceeding the expected profit multiplied by a positive constant. This constant called optimism coefficient can be chosen by the firm’s management either based on their preference or the market conditions. The coefficient indicates whether there is a low or high optimistic decision maker. For the general demand distribution the results are significantly dependent on this coefficient.
Implications of Pooling Strategies in Convolutional Neural Networks: A Deep Insight
Authors: Sharma Shallu , Mehra Rajesh 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Convolutional neural networks (CNN) is a contemporary technique for computer vision applications, where pooling implies as an integral part of the deep CNN. Besides, pooling provides the ability to learn invariant features and also acts as a regularizer to further reduce the problem of overfitting. Additionally, the pooling techniques significantly reduce the computational cost and training time of networks which are equally important to consider. Here, the performances of pooling strategies on different datasets are analyzed and discussed qualitatively. This study presents a detailed review of the conventional and the latest strategies which would help in appraising the readers with the upsides and downsides of each strategy. Also, we have identified four fundamental factors namely network architecture, activation function, overlapping and regularization approaches which immensely affect the performance of pooling operations. It is believed that this work would help in extending the scope of understanding the significance of CNN along with pooling regimes for solving computer vision problems.
Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks for Face Image Analysis
Authors: Yüksel Kıvanç , Skarbek Władysław 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the presented research two Deep Neural Network (DNN) models for face image analysis were developed. The first one detects eyes, nose and mouth and it is based on a moderate size Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) while the second one identifies 68 landmarks resulting in a novel Face Alignment Network composed of a CNN and a recurrent neural network. The Face Parts Detector inputs face image and outputs the pixel coordinates of bounding boxes for detected facial parts. The Face Alignment Network extracts deep features in CNN module while in the recurrent module it generates 68 facial landmarks using not only this deep features, but also the geometry of facial parts. Both methods are robust to varying head poses and changing light conditions.
Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of depression later in life. A cross sectional study in East Attica, Greece
Authors: Argyropoulos Konstantinos , Machini Evangelia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of depression later in life in an urban area and to investigate the associations between possible risk and protective factors including adherence to a Mediterranean diet.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among the active members of the open day-care centres for older people, in East-Attica, Greece. An anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect basic demographic and medical data, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was applied to screen the elderly for depressive symptoms, the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to quantify sleep disturbances and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). Statistics was processed with SPSS 24.0.

Results
154 older adults took part in the study. According to GDS-15, 24.7% (21.4% moderate and 3.2% severe type) screened positive for depressive symptoms. 29.9% of the participants reported inadequate sleep, based on AIS. Depression and insomnia in older participants were more frequent in women than in men, in lower educated, in participants with lower monthly income and in older people with comorbidity (p < 0.05).
MDS revealed that adherence to a Mediterranean diet was moderate for 64.3% of the participants, and it was high for 34.4%. Depression diagnosed by a physician, was strongly associated with MDS (p = 0.035) and AIS (p = 0.001). Logistic regression analysis results revealed a diet higher in vegetables and lower in poultry and alcohol was associated with decreased likelihood of developing symptoms of depression later in life.

Conclusions
Our results support that depression in older adults is common and strongly associated with several risk factors. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet may protect against the development of depressive symptoms in older age. Moreover, not only diet but also sleep-deficiency might contribute to the depression later in life.
The Effect of Load Placement on the Power Production Characteristics of Three Lower Extremity Jumping Exercises
Authors: Suchomel Timothy J. , McKeever Shana M. , Sijuwade Olusegun , Carpenter Logan , McMahon John J. , Loturco Irineu , Comfort Paul 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the power production characteristics of the jump squat (JS), hexagonal barbell jump (HEXJ), and jump shrug (JShrug) across a spectrum of relative loads. Fifteen resistance-trained men completed three testing sessions where they performed repetitions of either the JS, HEXJ, or JShrug at body mass (BM) or with 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% of their BM. Relative peak power (PPRel), relative force at PP (FPP), and velocity at PP (VPP) were compared between exercises and loads. In addition, power-time curves at each load were compared between exercises. Load-averaged HEXJ and JShrug PPRel were statistically greater than the JS (both p < 0.01), while no difference existed between the HEXJ and the JShrug (p = 1.000). Load-averaged JShrug FPP was statistically greater than both the JS and the HEXJ (both p < 0.001), while no statistical difference existed between the JS and the HEXJ (p = 0.111). Load-averaged JS and HEXJ VPP were statistically greater than the JShrug (both p < 0.01). In addition, HEXJ VPP was statistically greater than the JS (p = 0.009). PPRel was maximized at 40, 40, and 20% BM for the JS, HEXJ, and JShrug, respectively. The JShrug possessed statistically different power-time characteristics compared to both the JS and the HEXJ during the countermovement and propulsion phases. The HEXJ and the JShrug appear to be superior exercises for PPRel compared to the JS. The HEXJ may be considered a more velocity-dominant exercise, while the JShrug may be a more force-dominant one.