bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Reflexive Eye Movements for Fast Replay-Resistant Biometric Authentication
Authors: Sluganovic Ivo , Roeschlin Marc , Rasmussen Kasper B. , Martinovic Ivan 
Published: November 2018

Eye tracking devices have recently become increasingly popular as an interface between people and cons-umer-grade electronic devices. Due to the fact that human eyes are fast, responsive, and carry information unique to an individual, analyzing person’s gaze is particularly attractive for rapid biometric authentication. Unfortunately, previous proposals for gaze-based authentication systems either suffer from high error rates or requires long authentication times.
We build on the fact that some eye movements can be reflexively and predictably triggered and develop an interactive visual stimulus for elicitation of reflexive eye movements that support the extraction of reliable biometric features in a matter of seconds, without requiring any memorization or cognitive effort on the part of the user. As an important benefit, our stimulus can be made unique for every authentication attempt and thus incorporated in a challenge-response biometric authentication system. This allows us to prevent replay attacks, which are possibly the most applicable attack vectors against biometric authentication.
Using a gaze tracking device, we build a prototype of our system and perform a series of systematic user experiments with 30 participants from the general public. We thoroughly analyze various system parameters and evaluate the performance and security guarantees under several different attack scenarios. The results show that our system matches or surpasses existing gaze-based authentication methods in achieved equal error rates (6.3%) while achieving significantly lower authentication times (5s).
What are the Best Thermodynamic Quantity and Function to Define a Front in Gridded Model Output?
Authors: Thomas Carl M. , Schultz David M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFronts can be computed from gridded datasets such as numerical model output and reanalyses, resulting in automated surface frontal charts and climatologies. Defining automated fronts requires quantities (e.g., potential temperature, equivalent potential temperature, wind shifts) and kinematic functions (e.g., gradient, thermal front parameter, and frontogenesis). Which are the most appropriate to use in different applications remains an open question. This question is investigated using two quantities (potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature) and three functions (magnitude of the horizontal gradient, thermal front parameter, and frontogenesis) from both the context of real-time surface analysis and climatologies from 38 years of reanalyses. The strengths of potential temperature to identify fronts are that it represents the thermal gradients and its direct association with the kinematics and dynamics of fronts. Although climatologies using potential temperature show features associated with extratropical cyclones in the storm tracks, climatologies using equivalent potential temperature include moisture gradients within air masses, most notably at low latitudes that are unrelated to the traditional definition of a front, but may be representative of a broader definition of an airmass boundary. These results help to explain previously published frontal climatologies featuring maxima of fronts in the subtropics and tropics. The best function depends upon the purpose of the analysis, but Petterssen frontogenesis is attractive, both for real-time analysis and long-term climatologies, in part because of its link to the kinematics and dynamics of fronts. Finally, this study challenges the conventional definition of a front as an airmass boundary and suggests that a new, dynamically based definition would be useful for some applications.
Cancer patients’ family members’ experiences of the information and support provided by healthcare professionals
Authors: Lavallée Jacqueline F , Grogan Sarah , Austin Carol A 
Published: November 2018

Objectives: This qualitative study aimed to understand the experiences, information and support needs of family members of cancer patients and their satisfaction with the services provided to them as a family member. Design: Inductive qualitative and critical realist approach to data collection and analysis. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to identify family members of cancer patients. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 participants by means of email, enabling us to explore sensitive topics at a pace appropriate for each participant and gain rich sources of information. We analysed the data using an inductive thematic approach. Results: Three superordinate themes were identified: information acquisition, seeking support and family members’ experiences of cancer. Needs were high, and a complex relationship between information and support was apparent. Many participants felt dissatisfied with the support and information received as it was sometimes inconsistent, incorrect or vague, and some reported deterioration in their own health as a consequence. Online communities were reported as being informative and supportive as the participants felt they could relate to the firsthand experience of the other members. Conclusion: Improving healthcare professionals’ awareness of the type of information and support the family members need is vital for both family members and patients. There is a need for the development of educational and psychological interventions to assist family members in coping when a loved one is diagnosed with cancer, is undergoing or recovering from treatment, or is receiving palliative care.
Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development
Authors: Ortiz-Medina María Bettina , Perea Marta , Torales Julio , Ventriglio Antonio , Vitrani Giovanna , Aguilar Lourdes , Roncero Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Objective: Cannabis consumption produces psychopathology, in some cases psychotic episodes, which are of our interest in this work. However, the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work are to (1) review the current state of knowledge on the association of cannabis use with the risk of the development of psychosis or psychotic symptoms in people without schizophrenia and (2) assess the consistency of the hypothesis that cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis in people without schizophrenia. Method: This work included research done in humans until May 2018 with the keywords ‘cannabis’ and ‘psychosis’, published in English and Spanish, in the PubMed database. Results: In all, 66 papers were analyzed, of which 23 were cohort trials and 43 were reviews. Conclusion: Cannabis use doubles the risk of developing psychosis in vulnerable people. There even exists a relationship regarding the dose used and the age of first use. Gene–environment interactions that modulate the association between cannabis use and the presence of psychosis have also been described.
“Gjesten har aldri rett” – Bartendere på hippe utesteders forståelse av yrket
Authors: Wigenstad Skule 
Published: November 2018

Aim: Studies of bartenders often focus on over-serving and bartenders’ role in venues with a lot of violence and disorderly patrons. The aim of this article is to show how bartenders in hip venues in downtown Oslo experience bartender culture and what activities they themselves emphasize as important and distinctive to the profession. Method: The article is based on 11 interviews with bartenders working at popular and hip nightlife venues in an area of Oslo typically characterized by a culturally conscious clientele. The analysis is inspired by an open coding where the most important trends in the material are identified and classified. Result: The informants pay particular attention to three important activities when describing the bartender profession: defining the visitors as guests, correcting the guests’ behaviour, and “being themselves”. These highlighted practices are often overlooked in other bartender studies. Conclusion: The sum of these practices gives both great authority over the guests and a great freedom in how the profession is to be exercised. While several previous studies have largely demonstrated that the freedom and ability of the bartender to influence the workplace is limited, this study shows how bartenders in hip venues in downtown Oslo distance themselves from the traditional understanding of bartenders since they strongly emphasize that they are in control over what goes on in the venues.
KOOS-JR Demonstrates Psychometric Limitations in Measuring Knee Health in Individuals After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Hunnicutt Jennifer L. , Hand Brittany N. , Gregory Chris M. , Slone Harris S. , McLeod Michelle M. , Pietrosimone Brian , Kuenze Christopher , Velozo Craig A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Measurement properties of the short form of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS-JR) are not established in individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the KOOS-JR measures the construct of knee health in individuals post-ACLR using Rasch analysis. Hypothesis: The KOOS-JR will fit the Rasch model, but significant ceiling effects will be present. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Rasch analysis of the KOOS-JR from 166 individuals 10 months post-ACLR was conducted. Unidimensionality, a key criterion of the Rasch model, was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Model fit of the rating scale, items, and persons were evaluated. Mean square fit statistics ≥1.6 and standardized z-scores ≥2.0 were indicative of person or item misfit. Additionally, reliability indicators including person reliability and separation indices were examined. Results: The KOOS-JR fit the criteria of unidimensionality. All items demonstrated model fit; however, ceiling effects were noted (n = 36; 22%). Person reliability was low (0.47). Calculation of person strata revealed that the KOOS-JR did not separate participants into more than 1 stratum. The mean person measure was 3.56 logits higher than the mean item measure, indicating that this sample is skewed toward increased knee health. Conclusion: Although the KOOS-JR represented a unidimensional construct with items and persons fitting the Rasch model, several limitations were noted: ceiling effects, low person reliability, and poor person differentiation. Ceiling effects indicate that many individuals in this sample experienced better knee health than the KOOS-JR items were able to measure. Clinical Relevance: Evaluating the measurement properties of the KOOS-JR is necessary to determine its clinical value in sports medicine. In later stages after ACLR recovery, administration of the KOOS-JR may not be adequate.
Multi-agents features on Android platforms
Authors: Pintea Camelia-M. , Tripon Andreea Camelia , Avram Anca , Crişan Gloria-Cerasela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe current paper shows the multi-agents capabilities for valid and flexible applications when using a framework. Agent-based functions were used within JADE framework for an Android messaging application with all requirements included. In the paper are described the architecture, the main functions and the databases integration of a user friendly agent-based application. There are included existing and possible multi-agents characteristics to provide integration with mobile platforms and storage challenges to improve the user experience through data mining.
On the parallelization of stellar evolution codes
Authors: Martin David , José Jordi , Longland Richard 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultidimensional nucleosynthesis studies with hundreds of nuclei linked through thousands of nuclear processes are still computationally prohibitive. To date, most nucleosynthesis studies rely either on hydrostatic/hydrodynamic simulations in spherical symmetry, or on post-processing simulations using temperature and density versus time profiles directly linked to huge nuclear reaction networks.Parallel computing has been regarded as the main permitting factor of computationally intensive simulations. This paper explores the different pros and cons in the parallelization of stellar codes, providing recommendations on when and how parallelization may help in improving the performance of a code for astrophysical applications.We report on different parallelization strategies succesfully applied to the spherically symmetric, Lagrangian, implicit hydrodynamic code , extensively used in the modeling of classical novae and type I X-ray bursts.When only matrix build-up and inversion processes in the nucleosynthesis subroutines are parallelized (a suitable approach for post-processing calculations), the huge amount of time spent on communications between cores, together with the small problem size (limited by the number of isotopes of the nuclear network), result in a much worse performance of the parallel application compared to the 1-core, sequential version of the code. Parallelization of the matrix build-up and inversion processes in the nucleosynthesis subroutines is not recommended unless the number of isotopes adopted largely exceeds 10,000.In sharp contrast, speed-up factors of 26 and 35 have been obtained with a parallelized version of , in a 200-shell simulation of a type I X-ray burst carried out with two nuclear reaction networks: a reduced one, consisting of 324 isotopes and 1392 reactions, and a more extended network with 606 nuclides and 3551 nuclear interactions. Maximum speed-ups of ∼41 (324-isotope network) and ∼85 (606-isotope network), are also predicted for 200 cores, stressing that the number of shells of the computational domain constitutes an effective upper limit for the maximum number of cores that could be used in a parallel application.
Structural changes in amygdala nuclei, hippocampal subfields and cortical thickness following electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression: longitudinal analysis
Authors: Gryglewski Gregor , Baldinger-Melich Pia , Seiger René , Godbersen Godber Mathis , Michenthaler Paul , Klöbl Manfred , Spurny Benjamin , Kautzky Alexander , Vanicek Thomas , Kasper Siegfried , Frey Richard , Lanzenberger Rupert 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the treatment of choice for severe mental illness including treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Increases in volume of the hippocampus and amygdala following ECT have consistently been reported.AimsTo investigate neuroplastic changes after ECT in specific hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov – NCT02379767).MethodMRI scans were carried out in 14 patients (11 women, 46.9 years (s.d. = 8.1)) with unipolar TRD twice before and once after a series of right unilateral ECT in a pre–post study design. Volumes of subcortical structures, including subfields of the hippocampus and amygdala, and cortical thickness were extracted using FreeSurfer. The effect of ECT was tested using repeated-measures ANOVA. Correlations of imaging and clinical parameters were explored.ResultsIncreases in volume of the right hippocampus by 139.4 mm3 (s.d. = 34.9), right amygdala by 82.3 mm3 (s.d. = 43.9) and right putamen by 73.9 mm3 (s.d. = 77.0) were observed. These changes were localised in the basal and lateral nuclei, and the corticoamygdaloid transition area of the amygdala, the hippocampal–amygdaloid transition area and the granule cell and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Cortical thickness increased in the temporal, parietal and insular cortices of the right hemisphere.ConclusionsFollowing ECT structural changes were observed in hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei that are specifically implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and stress-related disorders and retain a high potential for neuroplasticity in adulthood.Declaration of interestS.K. has received grants/research support, consulting fees and/or honoraria within the past 3 years from Angelini, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AstraZeneca, Celegne GmbH, Eli Lilly, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, KRKA-Pharma, Lundbeck A/S, Neuraxpharm, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Schwabe and Servier. R.L. received travel grants and/or conference speaker honoraria from Shire, AstraZeneca, Lundbeck A/S, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH, Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, Janssen-Cilag Pharma GmbH, and Roche Austria GmbH.
Psychiatrists, spirituality and religion
Authors: Poole Rob , Cook Christopher C. H. , Higgo Robert 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe consensus within psychiatry is that patients' religion/spirituality are legitimate topics in assessment and treatment. Religion/spirituality can help people cope with mental illness, but their use as therapeutic tools is controversial. Despite the publication of position statements by national and international psychiatric organisations, there is no clarity over therapeutic boundaries.Declaration of interestR.P. and R.H. are atheists. C.C.H.C. is an ordained Anglican and a past Chair of the Royal College of Psychiatrists Spirituality and Psychiatry Special Interest Group. He writes here in a personal capacity.
Withanolides and 26-Hydroxylated Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Property from Solanum Capsicoide
Authors: Lin You-Cheng , Chao Chih-Hua , Ahmed Atallah F , Chen Yang-Yih , Hwang Tsong-Long , Liu Ho-Yih , Sheu Jyh-Horng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Solanum capsicoides resulted in the isolation and characterization of five new withanolide-type steroids, capsisteroids G–K (1–5), along with three known analogues (6–8). Their structures were identified by interpretation of the NMR and HRESIMS data as well as by spectral data comparison with known analogues. The isolated steroids were found to be not cytotoxic against a limited panel of cancer cell lines. The ability of the isolated steroids to suppress superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophils was also evaluated and displayed variable activities.
Two-Day Residence at 2500 m to 4300 m Does Not Affect Subsequent Exercise Performance at 4300 m
Authors: KENEFICK ROBERT W. , BEIDLEMAN BETH A. , ANDREW SEAN P. , CADARETTE BRUCE S. , MUZA STEPHEN R. , FULCO CHARLES S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the efficacy residing for 2 d at various altitudes while sedentary (S) or active (A; ~90 min hiking 2 d) on exercise performance at 4300 m.

Methods
Sea-level (SL) resident men (n = 45) and women (n = 21) (mean ± SD; 23 ± 5 yr; 173 ± 9 cm; 73 ± 12 kg; V˙O2peak = 49 ± 7 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to a residence group and, S or A within each group: 2500 m (n = 11S, 8A), 3000 m (n = 6S, 12A), 3500 m (n = 6S, 8A), or 4300 m (n = 7S, 8A). Exercise assessments occurred at SL and 4300 m after 2-d residence and consisted of 20 min of steady-state (SS) treadmill walking (45% ± 3% SL V˙O2peak) and a 5-mile, self-paced running time trial (TT). Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and HR were recorded throughout exercise. Resting SpO2 was recorded at SL, at 4 and 46 h of residence, and at 4300 m before exercise assessment. To determine if 2-d altitude residence improved 4300 m TT performance, results were compared with estimated performances using a validated prediction model.

Results
For all groups, resting SpO2 was reduced (P < 0.01) after 4 h of residence relative to SL inversely to the elevation and did not improve after 46 h. Resting SpO2 (~83%) did not differ among groups at 4300 m. Although SL and 4300 m SS exercise SpO2 (97% ± 2% to 74% ± 4%), HR (123 ± 10 bpm to 140 ± 12 bpm) and TT duration (51 ± 9 to 73 ± 16 min) were different (P < 0.01), responses at 4300 m were similar among all groups, as was actual and predicted 4300 m TT performances (74 ± 12 min).

Conclusions
Residing for 2 d at 2500 to 4300 m, with or without daily activity, did not improve resting SpO2, SS exercise responses, or TT performance at 4300 m.
Bakry-Émery Conditions on Almost Smooth Metric Measure Spaces
Authors: Honda Shouhei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this short note, we give a sufficient condition for almost smooth compact metric measure spaces to satisfy the Bakry-Émery condition BE(K, N). The sufficient condition is satisfied for the glued space of any two (not necessary same dimensional) closed pointed Riemannian manifolds at their base points. This tells us that the BE condition is strictly weaker than the RCD condition even in this setting, and that the local dimension is not constant even if the space satisfies the BE condition with the coincidence between the induced distance by the Cheeger energy and the original distance. In particular, the glued space gives a first example with a Ricci bound from below in the Bakry-Émery sense, whose local dimension is not constant. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for such spaces to be RCD(K, N) spaces.
Mystified Consciousness: Rethinking the Rise of the Far Right with Marx and Lacan
Authors: Leeb Claudia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper brings core concepts coined by Karl Marx in conversation with Jacques Lacan to analyse some of the mechanisms that have mystified subjects’ consciousness, and contributed to a scenario where the (white) working-classes in the United States and elsewhere turned to the far right that further undermines their existence, instead of uniting with the raced and gendered working class to overthrow capitalism. It explains that the money fetish, which we find at the centre of the American Dream of wholeness (on earth), serves as the unconscious fantasy object petit a to deal with the desires and fears subjects fundamental non-wholeness creates, which have been heightened by the insecurities of neoliberal capitalism and exploited by the far right. It also shows how religion offers the illusion of wholeness in the sky, which produces subjects who endure rather than rebel against their suffering. Finally, it explains how the far-right brands the sexed and raced working-classes as inferior to uphold the illusion of the white working-class subjects as whole, which further undermines the creation of a revolutionary proletariat.
Narrating the Modern Relation between Masculinity and Care
Authors: Tholen Toni 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The article is based on the debate about care concepts and care practices currently being held in the cultural and social sciences. It is shown how gender, and in particular concepts of masculinity, have been linked with care since the 19th century. It turns out that the feminine connotation of care that was popular for a long time only represents one side of the relationship between care and gender. From a transdisciplinary perspective, the complex interdependency between care and modern concepts of masculinity is demonstrated. Based on historically and theoretically meaningful texts, processes of excluding and including care aspects in aesthetic-literary, philological, philosophical, and socio-scientific narrations, constructions and discourses of masculinity are revealed. In reference to a critical reading of the tradition of the art of living, these considerations seek to offer and to point out alternative, non-hegemonic masculinities by incorporating practices of everyday (self-)care in male forms of existence. Particular emphasis is placed on contemporary literature.