bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microemulsions as delivery systems of lemon oil and β‐carotene into beverages: stability test under different light conditions
Authors: Calligaris Sonia , Manzocco Lara , Valoppi Fabio , Comuzzo Piergiorgio , Nicoli Maria Cristina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroemulsions have been proposed as delivery systems for different lipophilic substances in transparent water‐based systems. The chemical stability of the delivered compounds is a key factor to broaden the application of microemulsions in the food sector. The stability of a model beverage containing a microemulsion delivering β‐carotene and lemon oil was tested under increasing light intensity up to 6000 lx at 20 °C.RESULTSThe transparent microemulsion resulted physically stable during storage indicating that no coalescence phenomenon occurred. On the contrary, both colour and flavour of the microemulsion degraded as a consequence of limonene and β‐carotene oxidation. Kinetic data obtained at increasing light intensity were used to estimate the light dependence of beverage spoilage and the mathematical relationship obtained was used to predict spoilage rate under different light conditions. Finally, a shelf life predictive model was proposed.CONCLUSIONSTransparent microemulsions can be successfully used to deliver flavoured oil and colourants into beverages. However, the photostability of the delivered compounds should be carefully studied to estimate product shelf life. To this aim, the availability of models predicting shelf life as a function of enlightening conditions could largely contribute to speed up the process. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Review of preclinical and clinical studies of using cell‐based therapy for secondary lymphedema
Authors: Chen Ching‐En , Chiang Nai‐Jung , Perng Cherng‐Kang , Ma Hsu , Lin Chih‐Hsun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSecondary lymphedema is associated with impaired lymph fluid drainage and remains incurable. Alternatively, cell‐based therapy may pave the way for lymphedema treatment. We found 11 animal and seven human studies had been conducted from 2008 to 2018. Most studies showed great potential for this treatment modality. Emerging studies have focused on novel techniques, such as coupling cell therapy with lymph node transfer, or adding growth factors to cell therapy.
Voice‐Related Quality of Life Increases With a Talking Tracheostomy Tube: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pandian Vinciya , Cole Therese , Kilonsky Dana , Holden Kate , Feller‐Kopman David J. , Brower Roy , Mirski Marek 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe primary objective of our study was to determine the quality of life (QOL) using a talking tracheostomy tube.MethodsRandomized clinical trial (NCT2018562). Adult intensive care unit patients who were mechanically ventilated, awake, alert, attempting to communicate, English‐speaking, and could not tolerate one‐way speaking valve were included. Intervention comprised a Blue Line Ultra Suctionaid (BLUSA) talking tracheostomy tube (Smiths Medical, Dublin, OH, US). Outcome measures included QOL scores measured using Quality of Life in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (QOL‐MV) and Voice‐Related Quality of Life (V‐RQOL), Speech Intelligibility Test (SIT) scores, independence, and satisfaction.ResultsThe change in V‐RQOL scores from pre‐ to postintervention was higher among patients using a BLUSA (Smiths Medical) compared to those who did not (P = 0.001). The QOL‐MV scores from pre‐ to postintervention were significantly higher among patients who used a BLUSA (Smiths Medical) compared to patients who did not use BLUSA (Smiths Medical) or a one‐way speaking valve (P = 0.04). SIT scores decreased by 6.4 points for each 1‐point increase in their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (P = 0.04). The overall QOL‐MV scores correlated moderately with the overall V‐RQOL scores (correlation coefficient = 0.59). Cronbach alpha score for overall QOL‐MV was 0.71. Seventy‐three percent of the 22 intervention patients reported the ability to use the BLUSA (Smiths Medical) with some level of independence, whereas 41% reported some level of satisfaction with the use of BLUSA (Smiths Medical). The lengths of stay was longer in the intervention group.ConclusionOur study suggests that BLUSA (Smiths Medical) talking tracheostomy tube improves patient‐reported QOL in mechanically ventilated patients with a tracheostomy who cannot tolerate cuff deflation.Level of EvidenceILaryngoscope, 130:1249–1255, 2020
Linking hydrological connectivity to gully erosion in savanna rangelands tributary to the Great Barrier Reef using structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry
Authors: Koci Jack , Sidle Roy C. , Jarihani Ben , Cashman Matthew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGully erosion is a major land management challenge globally and a particularly important issue in dry tropical savanna rangelands tributary to the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. This study investigated linkages between hillslope hydrological connectivity pathways and gully geomorphic change in the Burdekin River Basin. High‐resolution (0.1 m) topographic and land cover data derived from low‐cost aerial (via unmanned aircraft system) structure‐from‐motion with multiview stereo photogrammetry (SfM) were used to map fine‐scale connectivity patterns and quantify headcut retreat at the hillslope scale (~150,000 m2). Very high resolution (0.01 m) topographic models derived from ground‐based (via handheld digital camera) SfM were used to quantify the morphology and geomorphic change of several gully arms (300–700 m2) between 2016 and 2018. Median linear, areal, and volumetric headcut (n = 21) retreat rates were 0.2 m, 0.8 m2, and 0.3 m3 yr−1, respectively. At all study sites, the points where modelled hydrological flow lines intersected gullies corresponded to observed geomorphic change, enabling spatially explicit identification of gully extension pathways as a result of overland flow. Application of an index of connectivity demarcated parts of the hillslope most connected to the gully network. Bare areas, roads, and cattle trails were identified as important runoff source areas and hydrological conduits driving gully extension. Ground‐based SfM accurately reconstructed complex morphologic features including undercuts, overhangs, rills, and flutes, providing insights into within‐channel erosion processes. This study contributes to an improved understanding and modelling of hydrogeomorphic drivers of gully erosion in degraded savanna rangelands, ultimately benefiting gully management.
Peripheral nerve stimulation limits of a high amplitude and slew rate magnetic field gradient coil for neuroimaging
Authors: Tan Ek T. , Hua Yihe , Fiveland Eric W. , Vermilyea Mark E. , Piel Joseph E. , Park Keith J. , Ho Vincent B. , Foo Thomas K. F. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTo establish peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) thresholds for an ultra‐high performance magnetic field gradient subsystem (simultaneous 200‐mT/m gradient amplitude and 500‐T/m/s gradient slew rate; 1 MVA per axis [MAGNUS]) designed for neuroimaging with asymmetric transverse gradients and 42‐cm inner diameter, and to determine PNS threshold dependencies on gender, age, patient positioning within the gradient subsystem, and anatomical landmarks.MethodsThe MAGNUS head gradient was installed in a whole‐body 3T scanner with a custom 16‐rung bird‐cage transmit/receive RF coil compatible with phased‐array receiver brain coils. Twenty adult subjects (10 male, mean ± SD age = 40.4 ± 11.1 years) underwent the imaging and PNS study. The tests were repeated by displacing subject positions by 2‐4 cm in the superior–inferior and anterior–posterior directions.ResultsThe x‐axis (left–right) yielded mostly facial stimulation, with mean ΔGmin = 111 ± 6 mT/m, chronaxie = 766 ± 76 µsec. The z‐axis (superior–inferior) yielded mostly chest/shoulder stimulation (123 ± 7 mT/m, 620 ± 62 µsec). Y‐axis (anterior–posterior) stimulation was negligible. X‐axis and z‐axis thresholds tended to increase with age, and there was negligible dependency with gender. Translation in the inferior and posterior directions tended to increase the x‐axis and z‐axis thresholds, respectively. Electric field simulations showed good agreement with the PNS results. Imaging at MAGNUS gradient performance with increased PNS threshold provided a 35% reduction in noise‐to‐diffusion contrast as compared with whole‐body performance (80 mT/m gradient amplitude, 200 T/m/sec gradient slew rate).ConclusionThe PNS threshold of MAGNUS is significantly higher than that for whole‐body gradients, which allows for diffusion gradients with short rise times (under 1 msec), important for interrogating brain microstructure length scales.
Minority carrier lifetime in indium doped silicon for photovoltaics
Authors: Murphy John D. , Pointon Alex I. , Grant Nicholas E. , Shah Vishal A. , Myronov Maksym , Voronkov Vladimir V. , Falster Robert J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFor photovoltaics, switching the p‐type dopant in silicon wafers from boron to indium may be advantageous as boron plays an important role in the light‐induced degradation mechanism. With the continuous Czochralski crystal growth process it is now possible to produce indium doped silicon substrates with the required doping levels for solar cells. This study aims to understand factors controlling the minority carrier lifetime in such substrates with a view to enabling the quantification of the possible benefits of indium doped material. Experiments are performed using temperature‐dependent Hall effect and injection‐dependent carrier lifetime measurements. The recombination rate is found to vary linearly with the concentration of un‐ionized indium which exists in the sample at room temperature due to indium's relatively deep acceptor level at 0.15 eV from the valence band. Lifetime in indium doped silicon is also shown to degrade rapidly under illumination, but to a level substantially higher than in equivalent boron doped silicon samples. A window of opportunity exists in which the minority carrier lifetime in degraded indium doped silicon is higher than the equivalent boron doped silicon, indicating it may be suitable as the base material for front contact photovoltaic cells.
Synthesis and bioactivity studies of novel Schiff bases and their complexes
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Jirjees VianYamin , Suleman VeyanTaher , Al‐Hamdani Abbas Ali Salih , Ahmed Suzan Duraid , Kim Yang Gon , Ko Young Gun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe new Schiff base (L) “4‐[(2,4‐dimethoxy‐benzylidene)‐amino]‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydro‐pyrazol‐3‐one” was synthesized from 2,4‐dimethoxy‐benzaldehyde and 4‐amino‐1,5‐dimethyl‐2‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydropyrazol‐3‐one, and the geometry of Schiff base was characterized and determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), mass, Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy. Schiff complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Mg(II) have been prepared by reaction of ion metals with as‐prepared Schiff base. The results showed that synthesized complexes offered 1:2 metal‐ligand ratios. Furthermore, the Schiff complexes were a tetrahedral in complexes Ni(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II), octahedral Pt(II), and square planer complex Pd(II). Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) was applied for calculations of both spectroscopic properties and electronic structure of prepared Schiff bases. Moreover, the Schiff base and its metal complexes have been verified in vitro against Streptococcus, Esherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis in order to assess their antibacterial potential. The findings indicate that the biological activity augments on complexation reaction.
Bio‐based vinylphenol family: Synthesis via decarboxylation of naturally occurring cinnamic acids and living radical polymerization for functionalized polystyrenes
Authors: Takeshima Hisaaki , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA series of bio‐based vinylphenols or hydroxystyrenes is prepared by simple decarboxylation of various naturally occurring cinnamic acids such as o‐, m‐, and p‐coumaric; caffeic; ferulic; and sinapinic acids, which possess hydroxy groups and other substituents at different positions on the aromatic ring. After protection of the phenolic moieties with trialkylsilyl groups, reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization is accomplished with cumyl dithiobenzoate to afford various bio‐based hydroxyl‐protected polystyrenes with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. Subsequent deprotection of the silyl groups under mild conditions results in a series of well‐defined functionalized polystyrenes possessing different numbers (mono‐, di‐, tri‐) of hydroxy groups at different positions (o, m, p). The obtained functionalized polystyrenes show unique thermal properties depending on the substituents, and those with phenol and catechol groups serve as reducing agents for silver ions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 91–100
Error propagation and uncertainty analysis: Application to fault tree analysis
Authors: Freeman Raymond A. “Randy” 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFault tree analysis (FTA) is a widely used method for the evaluation of safety systems. FTA is based on modeling the behavior of a system by a combination of logic gates (AND, OR) in a logic tree that describes the system. Failure data of low‐level events are used to compute the frequency of the top event of concern. The failure rate data describe the failure of the system components such as pumps, valves, vessels, and instruments. All of the failure rate data are uncertain. This article presents a methodology for the evaluation of uncertainty in the top event of concern using propagation of error and uncertainty analysis methods. The fundamental theory is presented, and a simple fault tree uncertainty analysis is completed to demonstrate the methodology. The uncertainty analysis methodology allows for the identification of the components or assumptions that dominate the risk.
Tinospora cordifolia preserves pancreatic beta cells and enhances glucose uptake in adipocytes to regulate glucose metabolism in diabetic rats
Authors: Sharma Bhesh Raj , Park Chul Min , Kim Hyeon‐A , Kim Hyun Jung , Rhyu Dong Young 
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pancreatic beta cell protective and glucose uptake enhancing effect of the water extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem (TCSE) by using rat insulinoma (RIN)‐m5F cells and 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes. RIN‐m5F cells were stimulated with interleukin‐1β and interferon‐γ, and the effect of TCSE on insulin secretion and cytokine‐induced toxicity was measured by ELISA and MTT assay, respectively. The glucose uptake and protein expression were measured by fluorometry and western blotting. Antidiabetic effect of TCSE was measured using streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. TCSE dose dependently increased cell viability and insulin secretion in RIN‐m5F cells. In addition, TCSE increased both the glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 translocation in 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes via PI3K pathway. Finally, TCSE significantly lowered blood glucose and diet intake and increased body weight in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. The level of serum insulin and hepatic glycogen was increased, whereas the level of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was decreased in TCSE‐administered rats. TCSE also increased glucose transporter 4 protein expression in the adipose tissue and liver of TCSE‐fed diabetic rats. Our results suggested that TCSE preserved RIN‐m5F cells from cytokine‐induced toxicity and enhanced glucose uptake in 3 T3‐L1 adipocytes, which may regulate glucose metabolism in diabetic rats.
Five New Silver Rare‐Earth Iodates, AgLn(IO3)4 (Ln=Pr, Sm, Dy, Er and Tm): Synthesis, Structures and Properties
Authors: Wu Qi , Liu Xian , Xu Siran , Pi Hongbing , Li Yanjun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFive new silver rare‐earth iodates AgLn(IO3)4 (Ln= Pr, Sm, Dy, Er and Tm) have been synthesized first time by hydrothermal method, and their structures are confirmed by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. They are isomorphic of previous characterized AgM(IO3)4 (With M= Y, La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Bi) compounds and all crystallized in noncentrosymmetric (NCS) structure. Their structures contain LnO8 polyhedrons, which are interconnected through IO3 groups to form a complex two dimensional (2D) layer. Their powders all show nonlinear optical (NLO) effects which are 2.3 ‐ 4 times stronger than KH2PO4 (KDP) respectively. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Infrared region (IR) spectra, Ultra‐visible (UV/Vis) spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are also performed.
Autonomous Formation and Annealing of Colloidal Crystals Induced by Light‐Powered Oscillations of Active Particles
Authors: Altemose Alicia , Harris Aaron J. , Sen Ayusman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelf‐organization through communication is observed in many systems throughout nature, often resulting in a collective response to a change in the environment. Herein, we demonstrate a synthetic system that exhibits chemical communication between small active and larger inactive particles which drives the reversible assembly of the latter into colloidal crystals. Specifically, we report the autonomous hexagonal packing of inert silica particles due to the oscillatory behavior of neighboring silver phosphate micromotors under UV light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The colloidal crystals are formed under UV illumination and relax into a disordered state when the light is turned off. Furthermore, oscillatory waves generated by the active particles cause “autonomous annealing”, or elimination of defects between crystal boundaries of the silica colloidal crystals.
Restorative Education, Reconciliation, and Healing: Indigenous Perspectives on Decolonizing Leadership Education
Authors: Cross Terry L. , Pewewardy Cornel , Smith Adrian T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the complex history of colonization of the Indigenous peoples of what is now the United States from the perspective of leadership education. The authors review the dilemmas and challenges of bridging fundamental cultural differences regarding leadership education and concrete steps toward decolonizing leadership education.
The conifer-curve: fast prediction of hydraulic conductivity loss and vulnerability to cavitation
Authors: Rosner Sabine , Johnson Daniel M. , Voggeneder Klara , Domec Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Key message

The relationship between relative water loss (RWL) and hydraulic conductivity loss (PLC) in sapwood is robust across conifer species. We provide an empirical model (conifer-curve) for predicting PLC from simple RWL measurements. The approach is regarded as a new relevant phenotyping tool for drought sensitivity and offers reliable and fast prediction of diurnal, seasonal, or drought-induced changes in PLC.

Context

For conifer species drought is one of the main climate risks related to loss of hydraulic capacity in sapwood inducing dieback or mortality. More frequently occurring drought waves call for fast and easily applicable methods to predict drought sensitivity.

Aims

We aimed at developing a fast and reliable method for determination of the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and eventually the drought sensitivity trait P50, i.e., the water potential that causes 50% conductivity loss.

Methods

We measured the loss of water transport capacity, defined as the relative water loss (RWL) together with PLC in trunk wood, branches, and saplings of eight different conifer species. Air injection was used to induce specific water potentials.

Results

The relationship between RWL and PLC was robust across species, organs, and age classes. The equation established allows fast prediction of PLC from simple gravimetrical measurements and thus post hoc calculation of P50 (r2 = 0.94).

Conclusion

The approach is regarded as a relevant new phenotyping tool. Future potential applications are screening conifers for drought sensitivity and a fast interpretation of diurnal, seasonal, or drought-induced changes in xylem water content upon their impact on conductivity loss.
Using polytomous latent class analysis to compare patterns of substance use and co‐occurring health‐risk behaviors between students in alternative and mainstream high schools
Authors: Johnson Karen E. , Sales Adam , Rew Lynn , Haussler Garing Jennifer , Crosnoe Robert 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionAlternative high school (AHS) students, an understudied and underserved population, experience educational, social, and health disparities relative to students in mainstream high schools. Disparities in single types of substance use are particularly high, yet no known studies have compared patterns of substance use or relationships between these patterns and other health‐risk behaviors between AHS and mainstream high schools.MethodsUsing data from the Texas Alternative School Health Survey (n = 515; mean age 17.1 years, 49% male, 59% Hispanic, 23% White, 15% Black) and the Texas Youth Risk Behavior Survey (n = 2,113; mean age 16 years, 47% male, 64% Hispanic, 22% White, 7% Black), we used latent class analyses to compare patterns of substance use in AHSs and mainstream high schools. We used latent class regression to examine relationships between patterns of substance use and involvement in other health‐risk behaviors in each school setting.ResultsStudents in AHSs and mainstream high schools had similar patterns of substance use, and youth in higher risk categories engaged in higher levels of other health‐risk behaviors. A substantially greater proportion of AHS students, however, fell into the moderate and high use categories, in support of continuing disparities for AHS students.ConclusionsAdditional support is needed in AHSs to address the prevalence of high‐risk patterns of substance use and associated health‐risk behaviors. For example, ongoing public health surveillance is needed in AHSs, just as is done in mainstream high schools, to monitor trends in substance use and impact of policies and interventions.