bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Fatigue Characteristics of Nickel‐Aluminum Bronze (NAB): Conventionally Fabricated and Additively Manufactured
Authors: Roshan Mojtaba , Mahtabi MohammadBagher , Eslamloo Sara Ranjbar , Behvar Alireza , Haghshenas Meysam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNickel‐aluminum bronze (NAB) is extensively utilized across various industries, particularly marine applications due to its exceptional corrosion resistance. The mechanical properties of NAB are highly dynamic, and influenced by factors such as manufacturing processes, operating environments, and microstructure. This variability introduces complexities and challenges in addressing fatigue, the most common failure mode in metals. This review offers a thorough examination of the fatigue properties of NAB in both their conventionally fabricated and additively manufactured (AM) forms. This review explains the mechanisms that modulate fatigue in NAB by analyzing the existing literature and identifying critical factors such as microstructure, defects, and processing parameters. The goal is to improve the comprehension and dependability of NAB by contrasting the fatigue resistance of cast and AM NAB. The ultimate objective of this comprehensive examination is to predict and reduce component failures, thereby extending the service life and performance of NAB components in demanding environments.
Short Crack Behavior of an Additively Manufactured Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Under Ultrasonic High Cycle Fatigue Testing
Authors: Roumina Reza , Rhein Robert K. , Jones J. Wayne , Marquis Emmanuelle A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe high cycle fatigue (HCF) behaviors of an additively manufactured (AM) Ti–6Al–4V alloy with fully lamellar microstructures processed electron beam powder bed fusion (EB‐PBF) and wire‐fed electron beam directed energy deposition (Sciaky) routes were compared. Ultrasonic fatigue (USF) testing at the stress ratio of R = −1 was applied to monitor the growth of small cracks initiated at surface micronotches. Crack growth rates lower than 10−8 (m/cycle) at ΔK = 6 MPa·m1/2 were measured in samples processed by both methods. The finer α lath thickness (~1 μm) of the Sciaky samples resulted in a slower fatigue crack growth rate than the EB‐PBF samples with coarser laths. The interaction of cracks with the lamellar microstructures was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction. Crack propagation largely followed the lath interfaces in the Sciaky samples, whereas cracks cut across colonies in the EB‐PBF samples. Different fatigue fracture surface characteristics were observed for the EB‐PBF and Sciaky samples.
Sustainable intensification of livestock systems using forage legumes in the Anthropocene
Authors: Dubeux Jr Jose C. B. , Jaramillo David M. , Santos Erick R. S. , Garcia Liza , Queiroz Luana M. D. , Bretas Igor L. , de Souza Cleber H. L. , Trumpp Kevin R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSustainable intensification of livestock systems implies greater efficiency in resource utilization resulting in greater output of products and other ecosystem services per unit of resource input. Integrating forage legumes into livestock systems is a viable way to reduce the input of industrial N fertilizer, reducing the use of fossil fuels and helping to mitigate global warming, a major problem during the Anthropocene. Some forage legumes have greater concentrations of secondary compounds, such as condensed tannins, that might reduce the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from ruminant eructation and excreta. Furthermore, forage legumes might enhance cattle performance because of greater nutritive value, resulting in greater production per unit of GHG released. Shortening the production cycle and improving cattle reproductive efficiency could have a major impact on reducing the overall carbon footprint of the system. Grazing systems with more diversified plant species are typically more resistant and resilient, adapting to current climate changes during the Anthropocene. Novel technologies might accelerate the development of future grazing systems using forage legumes as a key component. Breeding efforts for the next‐generation legumes must focus on adaptation and potential use for mitigation of negative environmental impacts. There are examples of successful integration of forage legumes into livestock systems in different regions of the world, with a major reduction in off‐farm inputs and maintaining the system productive. These successful examples could be used to increase adoption and improve the efficiency of current livestock systems.
The Experiences of Implementing a Near‐Peer Teaching Scheme Into an Undergraduate Dental Hygiene and Dental Therapy Programme at the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom
Authors: Peysner Kate , Bingham Emma 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the learning and relationship‐building potential of a near‐peer teaching scheme that is low in faculty financial and time input.MethodsThis longitudinal study collects data via pre‐ and post‐programme questionnaires completed by near‐peer tutors and learners following a six‐week scheme schedule. Qualitative data are analysed using a descriptive analysis model to assess the perceived value of the scheme.ResultsParticipants find the scheme to be highly beneficial and rewarding. In the 2023 scheme, as for all previous cohorts, no near‐peer tutees reported any issues of negative cognitive congruence and most found that they had experienced a greater opportunity to ask for clarification on basic knowledge without fear of reproach. Near‐peer tutors valued the opportunity to develop teaching skills in the supportive confines of their own undergraduate diploma, and reflected on their own experience of learning within a prior run of the scheme as being motivational to teach others.ConclusionNear‐peer teaching offers a sustainable and effective approach for dental hygiene and dental therapy programmes. It benefits both tutees and tutors, enhancing skills, fostering relationships and preparing students for future teaching roles. The scheme also promotes a positive learning culture and improves overall educational quality.
Thermodynamic modeling of the structure of alkali aluminophosphate glasses and their ionic conductivity
Authors: López‐Grande Alberto , Muñoz Francisco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents the structural and ionic conductivity thermodynamic modeling for glasses with compositions in the system 50M2O‐xAl2O3‐(50 − x)P2O5, with M = Li or K. The Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva thermodynamic model (SVTDM), or associated solutions model, has been previously used in successfully predicting the structure of simple binary phosphate glasses and it has now been employed with the aim to discerning the model's capability to predict the structural changes induced in the phosphate network by the addition of alumina. The results have been furthermore validated through their comparison with literature experimental data on the structural characterization of the glasses by 31P NMR measurements as well as on ionic conductivity determined by impedance spectroscopy. Although this methodology demonstrates good agreement with experimental data on the structure of aluminophosphate glasses, some disparities persist, potentially arising from experimental uncertainties. However, SVTDM faces limitations, including the need for comprehensive knowledge of stable phases and their formation energies. Predictions of ionic conductivity, though promising, exhibit deviations from experimental values, attributed to factors such as the influence of the chemical environment on dielectric properties. To enhance accuracy in conductivity prediction, a deeper understanding of additional variables such as dielectric constant and attempt frequency is imperative.
Healthcare and Pharmacy Staffs' Experiences on Medication Management for Migrants—A Qualitative Exploratory Case Study in Primary Health Care
Authors: Hultin Lisa , Pöder Ulrika , Hedström Mariann , Ekman Anna , Hjelm Katarina 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore what healthcare staff and staff in pharmacies experiences, as challenges, and possibilities in handling and use medications by foreign‐born persons or their relatives, and how necessary information is exchanged between different units in the healthcare chain to prevent medication errors.DesignA qualitative explorative single‐unit case study in a primary healthcare centre, with connected home care and pharmacies in an immigrant‐dense area.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews with 17 respondents, including pharmacists, physicians and registered nurses, were conducted between May and December 2022, in Sweden. Inductive qualitative content analysis was applied.ResultsSix categories were identified: limited knowledge about medications, lack of knowledge about the Swedish system for medication prescriptions and pharmacy regulations, insufficient time to develop trusting relations, communication to support medication management, tools for facilitating safe use of medications and problems in exchange of information in the healthcare chain.ConclusionGood communication is both a challenge and a prerequisite for safe medication management by well‐informed patients. To ensure patient safety, it is crucial to establish ways to communicate with patients about their medications, regardless of their language skills. Improving communication within the healthcare chain is essential to prevent medication errors.Implication for the Profession and Patient CareUnderstanding the complexity of medication management and preventing medication errors requires staff to communicate effectively with patients at all steps in the healthcare chain to identify their informational and educational needs.ImpactThis study provides a comprehensive understanding of the importance of communication within the healthcare chain, including prescribing physicians, nurses, pharmacists and patients, to prevent medication errors.Reporting MethodCOREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionThis study focused on staff at a healthcare centre and two pharmacies.
Deterioration in ankle reflex is associated with a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Muramatsu Taichi , Yamamuro Daisuke , Kushiyama Akifumi , Kikuchi Takako 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWe investigated the association between the ankle reflex and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective, observational cohort study. A total of 1,387 patients who underwent an ankle reflex examination between January 2005 and December 2015 were included in the analysis for the primary outcome. The findings of the ankle reflex examination were classified into three groups: normal, decreased, or absent. The primary outcome was defined as the incidence of a 40% loss of eGFR from baseline. A survival time analysis using the Kaplan–Meier method and a regression analysis using a Cox proportional hazards model were conducted to evaluate the association between the ankle reflex test results and loss of eGFR.ResultsThe ankle reflex test results were as follows: normal, n = 678 (48.9%); decreased, n = 270 (19.5%); and absent, n = 439 (31.6%) patients. The median follow‐up period was 5.6 years in the observational period. In the univariate regression analysis, decreased and absent ankle reflexes were significantly associated with loss of eGFR. Moreover, decreased ankle reflex (hazard ratio: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–2.87) and absent ankle reflex (hazard ratio: 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–3.76) were independently associated with loss of eGFR after adjusting for prognostic risk factors.ConclusionsDecreased and absent ankle reflexes are closely and independently associated with loss of eGFR in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Ginger Essential Oil Exerts Antibacterial Activity Against Shewanella putrefaciens by Disrupting Cell Structure and Resisting Biofilm
Authors: Lan Weiqing , Liu Shuting , Chen Xuening , Zhao Hongqiang , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism and antibiofilm activity of ginger essential oil (GEO) against Shewanella putrefaciens. On the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), alkaline phosphatase (AKPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were analyzed to evaluate the damage degree of S. putrefaciens on cell wall and membrane, and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the action effect against S. putrefaciens. The results showed that the MIC and MBC of GEO against S. putrefaciens were 27.8125 mg/mL and 55.625 mg/mL, respectively. The surface structures and cell membrane of S. putrefaciens were rigorously damaged by 1 MIC and 2 MIC GEO, leading to the leakage of cellular nucleic acids, protein, and β‐galactosidases from the bacterial cells. GEO could not only decrease the biomass of biofilm but also remove mature biofilm. In addition, GEO could reduce the production of exopolysaccharides and extracellular proteins, and could lessen the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. These results demonstrated that GEO exhibited efficient antibacterial characteristics against S. putrefaciens, which could act as a natural antibacterial and antibiofilm agent on the preservation of aquatic products.
Celiac disease care differs significantly between high‐ and low‐middle‐income countries: a global survey of celiac experts from 63 countries
Authors: Agarwal Samagra , Prasad Shubham , Agarwal Ashish , Raja Ali Raja A , Leffler Daniel A , Green Peter H R , Sanders David S , Anderson Robert P , Ahuja Vineet , Mulder Chris J J , Makharia Govind K 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimCeliac disease (CeD) is increasingly diagnosed but significant disparities exist in awareness, practices, resources, and legislation worldwide. We conducted a global online survey with CeD experts to assess this disparity internationally.MethodsA 55 questions survey encompassing nine domains relevant to CeD care (awareness, gluten‐free [GF] foods availability/cost/quality, GF labeling, CeD dietician availability, insurance for CeD patients, medical training, research funding, patient support groups, and unmet needs) was generated and sent to CeD experts worldwide electronically. Countries were stratified based on per capita income as high‐income (HIC) and lower‐income countries (LIC) (including upper‐middle‐, lower‐middle‐, and low‐income countries). Survey responses were summarized as a single score using principal component analysis.ResultsValid responses were obtained from 131(37.4%) [HIC: 71; LIC: 60] of contacted CeD experts from 63 countries. Compared with HIC, LIC experts perceived worse availability (HIC:80% vs LIC: 47%; P < 0.001), quality (52% vs 20%; P < 0.001), and legislation for labeling of GF foods (82% vs 37%; P < 0.001), with unfavorable reimbursement policies (27% vs 12%; P = 0.002), subsidies (32% vs 13%; P < 0.001), and insurance (76% vs 43%; P < 0.001) for CeD patients. LIC also lacked awareness about CeD among general physicians (69% vs 32%; P < 0.001), trained celiac dieticians (39% vs 12%; P = 0.002), and active CeD patient support groups (93% vs 50%; P < 0.001). All experts believed that GF foods were costly (94% vs 87%), frequently contaminated (27% vs 32%), and unfavorably taxed (97% and 93%). The experts agreed on key unmet needs and better research funding. Overall CeD preparedness score (median 58.3 vs 33.0; P < 0.001) was also associated with income.ConclusionsThe present survey highlights the opinion of global experts on the challenges, opportunities, and preparedness related to CeD and differences worldwide by income.
Incorporation of software in the life cycle assessment of an ICT service: A case study of an ICT service for energy efficiency in the transport sector
Authors: Lopez Londoño Bryan , Azizi Shoaib , Finnveden Göran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInformation communication and technology (ICT) services and solutions can improve resource efficiency in a variety of sector, but also result in direct environmental impacts. This study assesses the direct environmental impacts of an ICT service that improves vehicle fuel efficiency using a cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA). This is one of the first studies to examine the entire life cycle of an ICT service from development to use and maintenance, with a focus on software—an aspect that is typically neglected in previous studies. The results suggest that software development and maintenance and the use of in‐vehicle communicators for data transmission have the largest environmental impacts across multiple categories. Deployed across a fleet of 150,000 vehicles over 5 years, we estimate that the ICT service is responsible for 174 tCO2e. However, this is negligible compared with the total emissions of the fleet and the potential savings from the service, given a single diesel vehicle in this fleet emits around 130 tCO2e over the same period. We explore several scenarios to reduce the footprint of the ICT service. The largest potential reduction of around one‐third is achieved by replacing in‐house servers with cloud computing in a data center located in a region with low‐carbon electricity. The study demonstrates how LCA can be used to assess the environmental impacts of ICT services and the importance of considering software in these assessments.
Rehabilitation of a 13‐Year History of Habitual Tic‐Induced Nail Dystrophy
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Zheyuan , Liu Tianyi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHabitual tic nail dystrophy is a prevalent condition among adults; however, it has received limited scholarly attention.AimsThis study aims to report the case of habitual tic nail dystrophy with a duration of 13 years.MethodsThe patient was advised to modify his lifestyle habits and was followed up regularly over the course of 1 year to assess changes in the appearance of his nails.ResultsThe appearance of the nails normalized during the 1‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionsThe appearance of nails in patients with habitual tic nail dystrophy can be significantly improved through lifestyle modifications and by minimizing the stimulation of the nail matrix.
Empirical Testing of a Middle‐Range Theory for Ineffective Breathing Pattern in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Gomes de Souza Nayana Maria , da Silva Viviane Martins , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , Gueiros Emanuela Aparecida Teixeira , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho , dos Santos Rosely Leyliane 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo test a middle‐range theory (MRT) for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective breathing pattern in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) based on analysis of two general propositions.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study is guided by STROBE. The propositions represent hypotheses about the relationships between the concepts of this MRT to be tested empirically, and thus, log‐linear models were used to verify the structure of the proposition related to the stimuli. Diagnostic accuracy measures, univariate logistic regressions and the Mann–Whitney test were used to analyse the structure of the propositions related to behaviours.ResultsThe analysis of the propositions related to the stimuli (eight concepts, four of which were classified as focal stimuli and four as contextual stimuli) suggested a reclassification of the stimulus “deformities in the thoracic wall” which became too focal. In the analysis of the propositions related to behaviours (17 concepts, five of which were classified as acute confirmatory, nine as acute clinical deterioration and three classified as chronic), guided changes in the operationalisation of concepts were suggested after comparing clinical findings; thus, acute confirmatory behaviours now have 10 concepts, while acute clinical deterioration behaviours and chronic behaviours continued with nine and three concepts, respectively, but with reclassifications between them.ConclusionChanges in the operationalisation of the classification of the elements of the two propositions occurred after comparing the clinical findings with the theoretical model.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBy establishing precise causal relationships and describing how IBP manifests itself over time in children with CHD, empirical testing of this MRT helps nurses understand clinical reasoning based on temporal logic and spectral interaction between diagnostic components, which in turn will improve the use and accuracy of nursing diagnoses.Patient ContributionChildren and adolescents with CHD were recruited for this study sharing their clinical history and physical lung examination.
Adolescent dating violence and leader role occupancy
Authors: Cloutier Anika E. , Barling Julian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWho becomes a leader is of considerable importance to employees, organizations and society. Recently, researchers have considered whether early life events outside of the workplace affect who occupies leadership roles within organizations. Informed by the lifespan approach to leadership, and the work–home resources model, we investigate whether violence in adolescent dating relationships is associated with leader role occupancy in adulthood. We hypothesize that experiencing psychological aggression and physical violence indirectly lowers the likelihood of occupying a leadership role through depressive symptoms. Moreover, we hypothesize that the indirect effects will be weaker when parent–adolescent relationship quality is higher, when adolescents come from higher household incomes, and stronger for women. Drawing on four waves of ADD Health, results showed that experiencing early psychological aggression in dating relationships increased depressive symptoms, hindering leader role occupancy; however, this effect was buffered by income, and stronger for women. Experiencing physical violence exerted indirect negative effects on leader role occupancy via depressive symptoms, regardless of parent–adolescent relationship quality, income or gender. There were no direct effects of aggression or violence on leader role occupancy. Our findings suggest that early personal relationships can impact young adult's mental health, which in turn can influence leadership outcomes into adulthood.