bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Safety of a Far Medial Arthroscopic Portal for Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Moga Iustin , Konstantinidis George , Wong Ivan Ho-Bun 
Published: September 2018

Background: An arthroscopic technique for anatomic glenoid reconstruction has been proposed for the treatment of glenohumeral bone loss in patients with recurrent shoulder instability. This technique is proposed as an alternative to open techniques as well as to the technically challenging arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. In arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction, a distal tibial allograft is inserted through a novel far medial portal, superior to the subscapularis tendon and lateral to the conjoint tendon. Purpose: To evaluate the safety of the far medial arthroscopic portal for anatomic glenoid reconstruction in a cadaveric study. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten cadaveric shoulder specimens were dissected after inside-out medial arthroscopic portal insertion in the lateral decubitus position for arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction. A single observer performed 3 measurements on each specimen with a digital caliper (to the nearest 0.1 mm) from the medial portal to neurovascular structures, and the mean (±SD) and the range were calculated. The anthropometric data of the cadaveric specimens were also collected. Results: The mean distances between the far medial arthroscopic portal and sensitive anatomic structures were as follows: 50.79 ± 13.69 mm from the musculocutaneous nerve, 46.28 ± 9.64 mm from the axillary nerve, 6.71 ± 8.52 mm from the cephalic vein, and 48.52 ± 7.22 mm from the subclavian artery and vein. The mean size of the medial arthroscopic portal was 25.60 mm. In all cases, the subscapularis muscle was intact. Conclusion: The far medial arthroscopic portal for anatomic glenoid reconstruction without a subscapularis split presents a minimal risk to most neurovascular structures during bony reconstruction of the glenoid surface in patients with anterior shoulder instability. The only anatomic structure at risk is the cephalic vein, while the axillary and musculocutaneous nerves are at a safe distance away from the portal, based on previous shoulder arthroscopic portal safety studies in the literature. Clinical Relevance: Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction using a distal tibial allograft is increasing in popularity for the treatment of anterior shoulder instability with significant bone loss. Being a relatively new technique, the safety of it has yet to be established. This study aimed to demonstrate the safety of a new portal used for arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction.
Characterization of clays and the technology of Roman ceramics production
Authors: Ceccarelli Letizia , Bellotto Maurizio Pietro , Caruso Marco , Cristiani Cinzia , Dotelli Giovanni , Gallo Stampino Paola , Gasti Giuseppina , Primavesi Luca 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe recent discovery of a Roman ceramics manufacturing workshop at Montelabate (Perugia, Italy), in use from the first century BC until the late-fourth to fifth centuries AD, offers a unique opportunity to study the technical processes for producing Roman amphorae. Ancient and modern clays were sampled and analysed; they do not differ significantly, supporting the hypothesis of the exploitation of the rich local clay source that allowed a continuity of production. Characterization of the clays was performed using geotechnical methods (Atterberg limits and size distribution) and by thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The material was suitable for pottery making with the addition of calcite and quartz sand temper. Production waste and discarded materials as well as good-quality products were also analysed with the same methodology. It is therefore possible to reconstruct the ancient technology by defining the recipe for the production of the amphorae and their firing temperature on the basis of the decomposition of clay materials and the presence of newly formed minerals.
Sex‐related differences in coordination and variability among foot joints during running
Authors: Takabayashi Tomoya , Edama Mutsuaki , Inai Takuma , Kubo Masayoshi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundWomen, as compared with men, have a higher proportion of injuries in the ankle/foot region. However, the reason for this sex‐related difference in foot injuries remains unclear. Recently, joint coordination and variability of coordination have been suggested to be a critical index for defining both the state of injury and the potential risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex‐related differences in coordination and variability among the foot joints during running.MethodsTwelve healthy men and 12 healthy women ran on a treadmill. A modified vector coding technique was used to identify coordination and variability among foot joints involving the shank, rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot segments, and categorized into the following four coordination patterns: in‐phase with proximal dominancy, in‐phase with distal dominancy, anti‐phase with proximal dominancy, and anti‐phase with distal dominancy.ResultsThere were no differences in all spatiotemporal parameters and in the foot strike angle between men and women. Coordination of variability of the foot joints during running was similar between men and women, but the anti‐phase with proximal dominancy in proportion of frontal rearfoot‐shank vs. midfoot‐rearfoot couple (men; 7.2%, women; 13.9%) and midfoot‐rearfoot vs. forefoot‐midfoot couple (men; 18.6%, women; 39.8%) in women was significantly increased compared to that in men. Other all coordination of the foot joints during running differed between men and women, and effect sizes of these parameters were all large.ConclusionThe results may be useful for understanding the underlying mechanism contributing to differences in injury risk in men and women, and may provide novel data on foot joint coordination and variability that could be used as reference data for both biomechanical and clinical running studies.
A systematic approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection at the cricothyroid junction
Authors: Butskiy Oleksandr , Chang Brent A. , Luu Kimberly , McKenzie Robert M. , Anderson Donald W. 
Published: September 2018

Background To describe and evaluate a four step systematic approach to dissecting the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) starting at the cricothyroid junction during thyroid surgery (subsequently referred to as the retrograde medial approach). Methods All thyroidectomies completed by the senior author between August 2014 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded if concurrent lateral or central neck dissection was performed. A follow up period of 1 year was included. Results Surgical photographs and illustrations demonstrate the four steps in the retrograde medial approach to dissection of the RLN in thyroid surgery. Three hundred forty-two consecutive thyroid surgeries were performed in 17 months, including 213 hemithyroidectomies, 91 total thyroidectomies, and 38 completion thyroidectomies. The rate of temporary and permanent hypocalcemia was 13% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8–20%) and 3% (95% CI: 1–8%) respectively. The rate of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy was 9% (95% CI: 6–12%) and 0.3% (95%CI: 0.01–2%) respectively. The median surgical times for hemithyroidectomy, total thyroidectomy, and completion thyroidectomy were 39 min (Interquartile range [IQR]: 33–47 min), 48 min (IQR: 40–60 min), and 40 min (IQR: 35–51 min) respectively. 1% of cases required conversion to an alternative surgical approach. Conclusion In a tertiary endocrine head and neck practice, the routine use of the retrograde medial approach to RLN dissection is safe and results in a short operative time, and a low conversion rate to other RLN dissection approaches.
Tardive dyskinesia update: the syndrome
Authors: Owens David Cunningham 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYTardive dyskinesia is a common iatrogenic neurological and neurobehavioural syndrome associated with the use of antidopaminergic medication, especially antipsychotics. Prior to the introduction of the newer antipsychotics in the 1990s, it was one of the major areas of psychiatric research but interest waned as the new drugs were reputed to have a reduced liability to extrapyramidal adverse effects in general, a claim now discredited by numerous pragmatic research studies. Early small-scale short-term prevalence studies were presented as evidence to support the assumption that patients on the newer drugs did indeed have a lower prevalence of tardive dyskinesia but recent large-scale review of studies with patients exposed for longer suggest that things have not changed. This article presents a clinical overview of a complex and varied syndrome in terms of its phenomenology, epidemiology and risk factors; a companion article will consider treatment. This overview aims to highlight tardive dyskinesia once again, especially to practitioners who have trained in an environment where this was considered mainly in historical terms.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Understand the complex phenomenology comprising the syndrome of tardive dyskinesia•Appreciate recent data on prevalence and incidence with the newer antipsychotics•Be aware of risk factors when recommending antipsychotic (and other antidopaminergic) drugsDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
The regulation of cilium assembly and disassembly in development and disease
Authors: Wang Lei , Dynlacht Brian D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
The primary cilium is an antenna-like organelle assembled on most types of quiescent and differentiated mammalian cells. This immotile structure is essential for interpreting extracellular signals that regulate growth, development and homeostasis. As such, ciliary defects produce a spectrum of human diseases, termed ciliopathies, and deregulation of this important organelle also plays key roles during tumor formation and progression. Recent studies have begun to clarify the key mechanisms that regulate ciliary assembly and disassembly in both normal and tumor cells, highlighting new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these exciting new findings, discussing the molecular factors involved in cilium formation and removal, the intrinsic and extrinsic control of cilium assembly and disassembly, and the relevance of these processes to mammalian cell growth and disease.
Biomimetic remineralization of acid etched enamel using agarose hydrogel model
Authors: El Moshy Sara , Abbass Marwa M.S. , El-Motayam Amal M. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Minimally invasive dentistry aims to prevent progression of caries and treats non-cavitated lesions through non-invasive approaches to preserve the integrity of tooth structure. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible biomimetic effect of agarose hydrogel in remineralizing a human demineralized enamel model. Methods: Mandibular third molars were distributed into three groups (G1, G2 and G3) according to the follow up time (2, 4 and 6 days respectively). Caries like lesion was prepared by applying 37% phosphoric acid gel for 1 minute and then remineralization was performed through applying agarose hydrogel on the demineralized surfaces. The specimens were placed in phosphate solution at 37˚C for 2, 4 & 6 days. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface microhardness (SMH) and surface roughness analysis (SR) were performed to assess the regenerated tissue. Results: SEM revealed mineral depositions on the demineralized enamel surface that increased in density by time resulting in a relatively smooth surface in G3. SR and SMH analysis revealed significant differences between the remineralized enamel surfaces of different groups (p< 0.00001) with the highest SR in G1 and the highest SMH in G3. Conclusions: Agarose hydrogel application is a promising approach to treat early carious lesion. Further studies are needed to clarify the stability of agarose hydrogels in clinical application.
Chemical crosslinking analysis of β-dystroglycan in dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscle
Authors: Murphy Sandra , Zweyer Margit , Mundegar Rustam R. , Swandulla Dieter , Ohlendieck Kay 
Published: September 2018

Background: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, primary abnormalities in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin trigger the loss of sarcolemmal linkage between the extracellular matrix component laminin-211 and the intracellular cortical actin membrane cytoskeleton. The disintegration of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex renders the plasma membrane of contractile fibres more susceptible to micro-rupturing, which is associated with abnormal calcium handling and impaired cellular signalling in dystrophinopathy. Methods: The oligomerisation pattern of β-dystroglycan, an integral membrane protein belonging to the core dystrophin complex, was studied using immunoprecipitation and chemical crosslinking analysis. A homo-bifunctional and non-cleavable agent with water-soluble and amine-reactive properties was employed to study protein oligomerisation in normal versus dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscles. Crosslinker-induced protein oligomerisation was determined by a combination of gel-shift analysis and immunoblotting. Results: Although proteomics was successfully applied for the identification of dystroglycan as a key component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex in the muscle membrane fraction, mass spectrometric analysis did not efficiently recognize this relatively low-abundance protein after immunoprecipitation or chemical crosslinking. As an alternative approach, comparative immunoblotting was used to evaluate the effects of chemical crosslinking. Antibody decoration of the crosslinked microsomal protein fraction from wild type versus the mdx-4cv mouse model of dystrophinopathy revealed oligomers that contain β-dystroglycan. The protein exhibited a comparable reduction in gel electrophoretic mobility in both normal and dystrophic samples. The membrane repair proteins dysferlin and myoferlin, which are essential components of fibre regeneration, as well as the caveolae-associated protein cavin-1, were also shown to exist in high-molecular mass complexes. Conclusions: The muscular dystrophy-related reduction in the concentration of β-dystroglycan, which forms in conjunction with its extracellular binding partner α-dystroglycan a critical plasmalemmal receptor for laminin-211, does not appear to alter its oligomeric status. Thus, independent of direct interactions with dystrophin, this sarcolemmal glycoprotein appears to exist in a supramolecular assembly in muscle.
The Determinants and Impact of Mandatory Disclosure In Indonesian Manufacturing Companies
Authors: Istiningrum Andian Ari , Muhtadi Muhammad Zaky Za'im 
Published: September 2018

The primary objective of this research is to determine the factors that have an association with mandatory disclosure and stock return. This research investigated 47 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012. Mandatory disclosure in this research used items required to be disclosed under IAS 16 and IAS 17. The data analysis used the path analysis by setting two structural equation models. The Sobel Test was used to determine whether mandatory disclosure functions as a mediator. The research proved a significantly positive association of company age with the mandatory disclosure in contrast to company size and company profitability. This implies that the investors are able to find complete and transparent information in the financial statement of mature manufacturing companies.Â Moreover, company size, company profitability, and mandatory disclosure have a significant positive association with stock return. This implies that it is necessary for the companies to disclose information as required by the accounting standard in Indonesia and the investors may recognize the big and the high profitability manufacturing companies as the places to invest. However, mandatory disclosure does not function as a mediator between company size, company age, company profitability and stock return.
Análisis del discurso y sociopragmática histórica en un debate legal en la Cartagena de Indias del siglo XVIII. Intensificación y atenuación como recursos argumentales
Authors: Carrera De La Red Micaela 
Published: September 2018

Resumen
Este trabajo consiste en un análisis histórico de textos que proceden de un expediente archivístico de Cartagena de Indias entre 1715 y 1717. Los autos son textos administrativos que poseen diversas funciones en las relaciones institucionales entre metrópoli y colonias, tal como la de “emitir opinión”. En la tipología textual indiana, esta función se denomina consulta o parecer, y se caracteriza por el uso de un predicado de tipo doxástico. Para el análisis hemos adoptado las perspectivas teóricas del análisis histórico del discurso y de la sociopragmática histórica. El estudio se completa con un análisis cuantitativo que permite resaltar cuáles son los rasgos lingüísticos a los que se vincula la intensificación y la atenuación en el subtipo debate dentro del
registro legal en el español de la Cartagena del siglo XVIII. La conclusión sugiere que los recursos lingüísticos encontrados aumenta la intención persuasiva de la argumentación característica de los autos cartagineses.
Abasto futuro de agua potable, análisis espacial y vulnerabilidad de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, México
Authors: Contreras Servín Carlos , Galindo Mendoza María Guadalupe 
Published: September 2018

En el presente artículo se analizan y se presentan las circunstancias físicas, sociales y económicas que en conjunto afectan al panorama y a la problemática actual del abastecimiento de agua potable de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí. Entre los temas que se abordan se encuentra la relación entre la disponibilidad del agua y el incremento de la población, así como la evolución de la extracción de aguas subterráneas. Por otra parte, la investigación muestra un diagnóstico de la situación en que se encuentra actualmente el abasto de agua potable en la ciudad de San Luis Potosí y en las áreas aledañas; también plantea el probable escenario del futuro inmediato.
Los espacios subjetivos del miedo: construcción de la estigmatización espacial en relación con la inseguridad delictiva urbana
Authors: Pyszczek Oscar Luis 
Published: September 2018

El temor al delito es parte constitutiva de las incertidumbres de las sociedades contemporáneas. Estas incertidumbres se consolidan y expresan en la experiencia diaria de los ciudadanos y en el intercambio simbólico-perceptivo del espacio. El objetivo del artículo consiste en realizar una aproximación al campo de estudio de los espacios subjetivos y, específicamente, a la estigmatización espacial, mediante el análisis de la dimensión espacial de la percepción de inseguridad delictiva a nivel barrial en la ciudad de Resistencia, capital de la provincia del Chaco en Argentina, tomada como sujeto de estudio.
Territorialidad nasa en Bogotá: apropiación, percepción y sentido de lugar
Authors: Bernal Mora Martha Isabel 
Published: September 2018

Esta investigación persigue comprender y analizar las representaciones de las dinámicas y los imaginarios del pueblo indígena nasa en el contexto urbano de Bogotá. A partir de la Investigación Acción Participativa, la cartografía social, la etnografía, el diálogo de saberes, la observación participante, los relatos de vida y los recorridos ambientales se incentivó la participación activa de la comunidad para registrar cómo percibe ella el valor simbólico del territorio. Se encontró que los indígenas nasa se apropian del espacio urbano al recorrer, nombrar y representar simbólicamente los lugares donde habitualmente interactúan, es decir, mediante el significado de sus representaciones espaciales, el uso de la jigra (un tipo de mochila típica de la región), la educación propia, los recorridos urbanos, los encuentros interétnicos o retornado intermitentemente a sus territorios deorigen.
Patrones espaciales en las elecciones locales del 2007 en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Jácome Javier 
Published: September 2018

La presente investigación estudia las preferencias de los electores de Bogotá para las elecciones de alcalde y Concejo en el 2007. El texto inicia con una breve revisión teórica sobre el estudio de las elecciones y el papel de la geografía en este; posteriormente se estudian los puestos de votación en dos localidades de la ciudad, analizando la distancia que recorren los votantes el día de las elecciones, el tamaño del puesto de votación, su capacidad de atraer votantes en función de su ubicación, y, además, la relación entre el estrato socioeconómico y los patrones de votación. Finalmente, se utilizan los coeficientes de autocorrelación global y local de Morán para analizar las principales opciones en contienda, encontrando como resultado la existencia de un comportamiento no aleatorio.
Espacialización de la violencia en las ciudades latinoamericanas: una aproximación teórica
Authors: González Luna Fabián 
Published: September 2018

El objetivo del presente artículo es hacer una reflexión teórica sobrecómo pensar la espacialización de la violencia en las ciudades dentrodel contexto del proyecto neoliberal, para lo cual se discute el concepto de violencia estructural y simbólica, así como su forma de materialización en la fragmentación espacial y la segregación social, características de los procesos urbanos recientes. Lo anterior tiene como base una investigación documental, cuyo análisis permite establecer algunos principios básicos de un armazón epistemológico para una geografía de la violencia que pueda ser aplicada en estudios particulares de ciudades latinoamericanas.
Nurturing transformative U.S. energy research: Two guiding principles
Authors: Narayanamurti Venkatesh , Tsao Jeffrey Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe raise for debate and discussion what in our opinion is a growing mis-control and mis-protection of U.S. energy research. We outline the origin of this mis-control and mis-protection, and propose two guiding principles to mitigate them and instead nurture research: (1) focus on people, not projects; and (2) culturally insulate research from development, but not science from technology.Energy research is critical to continuing advances in human productivity and welfare. In this Commentary, we raise for debate and discussion what in our view is a growing mis-control and mis-protection of U.S. energy research. This flawed approach originates in natural human tendencies exacerbated by an historical misunderstanding of research and development, science and technology, and the relationships between them. We outline the origin of the mis-control and mis-protection, and propose two guiding principles to mitigate them and instead nurture research: (i) focus on people, not projects; and (ii) culturally insulate research from development, but not science from technology. Our hope is to introduce these principles into the discourse now, so they can help guide policy changes in U.S. energy research and development that are currently being driven by powerful geopolitical winds.Summary: Two foundational guiding principles are proposed to mitigate a growing mis-control and mis-protection of U.S. energy research, and instead to nurture it.