bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligocene–Neogene fossil history of Asian endemic conifer genera in Japan and Korea
Authors: Yabe Atsushi , Jeong Eunkyoung , Kim Kyungsik , Uemura Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTemporal and spatial changes of ten conifer genera that are endemic to East Asia were analyzed based on fossil data from humid temperate forests in the Japanese Islands and Korean Peninsula to elucidate the phytogeographic history, and to understand differences between those genera eliminated from the Japanese Islands and those that remained extant. All these genera, except for Thujopsis, have existed in the area since the Paleogene and remained in the Japanese islands after initial separation from the continent at the early–middle Miocene. Fossil representatives of locally extinct six genera have tendencies to adapt to wider ranges of climatic conditions than their modern relatives. Metasequoia, Glyptostrobus, and Taiwania began to change their distributions since the late Miocene possibly through habitat partitioning. Keteleeria, Pseudolarix, and Cunninghamia appeared to have expanded their habitat toward warmer conditions during the mid‐Miocene Climatic Optimum and then became restricted to warmer forest vegetation by the end of Pliocene. Overall changes in their distribution can be explained by climatic effects. On the contrary, three genera endemic to Japan (Sciadopitys, Cryptomeria, and Thujopsis) followed clearly different trends from the others. Cryptomeria and Thujopsis were especially adapted to cooler‐temperate climate and they retained their habitat areas in the northern part of Japan. During the late Miocene–Pliocene, the islands connected with the Eurasian continent again, which probably acted as a corridor for warm‐adapted genera to disperse southwest. Current data suggest that ecological requirements of each genus might be essential to determine whether they could survive on the Japanese Islands.
Stomatal behaviour and stem xylem traits are coordinated for woody plant species under exceptional drought conditions
Authors: Pivovaroff Alexandria L. , Cook Victoria M.W. , Santiago Louis S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIsohydry (maintenance of plant water potential at the cost of carbon gain) and anisohydry (gas exchange maintenance at the cost of declining plant water status) make up two ends of a stomatal drought response strategy continuum. However, few studies have merged measures of stomatal regulation with xylem hydraulic safety strategies based on in situ field measurements. The goal of this study was to characterize the stomatal and xylem hydraulic safety strategies of woody species in the biodiverse Mediterranean‐type ecosystem region of California. Measurements were conducted in situ when California was experiencing the most severe drought conditions in the past 1,200 years. We found coordination among stomatal, hydraulic, and standard leaf functional traits. For example, stem xylem vulnerability to cavitation (P50) was correlated with the water potential at stomatal closure (Pclose); more resistant species had a more negative water potential at stomatal closure. The degree of isohydry–anisohydry, defined at Pclose–P50, was correlated with the hydraulic safety margin across species; more isohydric species had a larger hydraulic safety margin. In addition, we report for the first time Pclose values below −10 MPa. Measuring these traits in a biodiverse region under exceptional drought conditions contributes to our understanding of plant drought responses.
Avoiding liver transplantation in post‐treatment extent of disease III and IV hepatoblastoma
Authors: El‐Gendi Ahmed , Fadel Shady , El‐Shafei Mohamed , Shawky Ahmed 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrimary liver transplantation is recommended for central post‐treatment extent of disease (POST‐TEXT) III and IV hepatoblastoma. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess the safety and oncological efficacy of aggressive non‐transplant extended hepatic resection in these patients.MethodsA prospective study involved 18 children with central pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) III and IV: three had primary liver transplantation whereas 15 underwent hepatic resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsMedian tumor volume was 317 mL (range, 135–546 mL). After four cycles of chemotherapy, POST‐TEXT stage was III in 12 patients and IV in three patients. There was no perioperative mortality. Postoperative complications consisted of two bile leaks, one temporary decompensation and one sub‐phrenic collection requiring drainage. One and 3 year disease‐free survival was 93.3% and 73.3% respectively. The 3 year overall survival was 86.6%. Four patients developed recurrence, of whom two died. Early recurrence in 1 year occurred in one patient. All recurrences were distant metastases.ConclusionsExtended major hepatic resection for selected cases of POST‐TEXT III and IV hepatoblastoma is a technically challenging but feasible approach with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Oncological outcomes are similar to liver transplantation without the long‐term commitment of immunosuppression or donor risk and morbidity, but a potential donor should always be organized on standby.
Genetic dissection of pre‐anthesis sub‐phase durations during the reproductive spike development of wheat
Authors: Guo Zifeng , Chen Dijun , Röder Marion S. , Ganal Martin W. , Schnurbusch Thorsten 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFlowering time is an important factor affecting grain yield in wheat. In this study, we divided reproductive spike development into eight sub‐phases. These sub‐phases have the potential to be delicately manipulated to increase grain yield. We measured 36 traits with regard to sub‐phase durations, determined three grain yield‐related traits in eight field environments and mapped 15 696 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, based on 90k Infinium chip and 35k Affymetrix chip) markers in 210 wheat genotypes. Phenotypic and genetic associations between grain yield traits and sub‐phase durations showed significant consistency (Mantel test; r = 0.5377, P < 0.001). The shared quantitative trait loci (QTLs) revealed by the genome‐wide association study suggested a close association between grain yield and sub‐phase duration, which may be attributed to effects on spikelet initiation/spikelet number (double ridge to terminal spikelet stage, DR‐TS) and assimilate accumulation (green anther to anthesis stage, GA‐AN). Moreover, we observed that the photoperiod‐sensitivity allele at the Ppd‐D1 locus on chromosome 2D markedly extended all sub‐phase durations, which may contribute to its positive effects on grain yield traits. The dwarfing allele at the Rht‐D1 (chromosome 4D) locus altered the sub‐phase duration and displayed positive effects on grain yield traits. Data for 30 selected genotypes (from among the original 210 genotypes) in the field displayed a close association with that from the greenhouse. Most importantly, this study demonstrated specific connections to grain yield in narrower time windows (i.e. the eight sub‐phases), rather than the entire stem elongation phase as a whole.
Effectiveness of Acupuncture in Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Shanshan , Zhong Weiqiang , Peng Wen , Jiang Gaofeng 
Published: June 2018

Objective To assess the clinical effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD). Methods The following electronic databases were systematically searched: PubMed, Cochrane Library, SCI, Elsevier SDOL, China National Knowledge, Wan Fang database and Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for PPD were considered. Primary outcomes were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) or the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores and effective rate. Our secondary outcome was the level of oestradiol. The quality of all included trials was evaluated according to the Cochrane Collaboration. This protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016048528). Results Nine trials involving 653 women were selected. The result of this meta-analysis demonstrated that the acupuncture group had a significantly greater overall effective rate compared with the control group (seven trials, n=576, I2=24%; relative risk (RR) 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24; P<0.001). Moreover, acupuncture significantly increased oestradiol levels compared with the control group (mean difference (MD) 36.92, 95% CI 23.14 to 50.71, P<0.001). Regarding the HAMD and EPDS scores, no difference was found between the two groups (five trials, n=276, I2=82%; MD−1.38, 95% CI −3.40 to 0.64; P=0.18; two trials, n=60, I2=16%; MD 1.08, 95% CI −1.09 to 3.26; P=0.33). Conclusions Acupuncture appears to be effective for postpartum depression with respect to certain outcomes. However, the evidence thus far is inconclusive. Further high-quality RCTs following standardised guidelines with a low risk of bias are needed to confirm the effectiveness of acupuncture for postpartum depression.
Mindfulness fostering of interprofessional simulation training for collaborative practice
Authors: Kerry Matthew James , Ander Douglas S 
Published: June 2018

Introduction The setting demands imposed by performing in new, interdisciplinary cultures is common for modern healthcare workers. Both health science students and evidence-based workers are required to operate in professional cultures that differ from their own. As health organisations have placed increasing value on mindfulness for improving performance outcomes, so too have educational administrators embraced common, mindful competencies for improving training for improved patient outcomes. The training of future clinicians for diversified care. teams and patient populations has become known as interprofessional education (IPE). Although the goals for IPE suggest that individual differences in trait mindfulness may serve an important determinant for training effectiveness, it has gone unstudied in extant simulation training research.MethodsTo fill this gap, in this paper, we examine trait mindfulness’ predictive power for training outcomes across two IPE cohort samples using two, prospective observational designs.Results Study 1’s Findings supported trait mindfulness’ prediction of perceived teamwork behaviours in training simulations between medical and nursing students (n=136). In study 2’s expanded sample to five health professions (n=232), findings extended trait mindfulness’ prediction of team efficacy and skill transfer, assessed 1 month after training.Conclusion A final, follow-up assessment 16 months later extended mindfulness’ predictive validity to knowledge retention and teamwork attitudes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implication of our findings for advancing mindfulness research and IPE effectiveness assessment.
Randomized Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Limited Adaptivity
Authors: Liu Mingmou , Pan Xiaoyin , Yin Yitong 
Published: June 2018

We study the complexity of parallel data structures for approximate nearest neighbor search in
d
-dimensional Hamming space {0,1}

d

. A classic model for static data structures is the cell-probe model [27]. We consider a cell-probe model with limited
adaptivity
, where given a
k
≥1, a query is resolved by making at most
k
rounds of parallel memory accesses to the data structure. We give two randomized algorithms that solve the approximate nearest neighbor search using
k
rounds of parallel memory accesses:

—a simple algorithm with
O
(
k
(log
d
)

1/
k

) total number of memory accesses for all
k
≥1;

—an algorithm with
O
(
k
+(1/
k
log
d
)

O
(1/
k
)

) total number of memory accesses for all sufficiently large
k
.

Both algorithms use data structures of polynomial size.

We prove an Ω(1/
k
(log
d
)

1/
k

) lower bound for the total number of memory accesses for any randomized algorithm solving the approximate nearest neighbor search within
k
≤log log
d
/2log log log
d
rounds of parallel memory accesses on any data structures of polynomial size. This lower bound shows that our first algorithm is asymptotically optimal when
k
=
O
(1). And our second algorithm achieves the asymptotically optimal tradeoff between number of rounds and total number of memory accesses. In the extremal case, when
k
=
O
(log log
d
/log log log
d
) is big enough, our second algorithm matches the Θ(log log
d
/log log log
d
) tight bound for fully adaptive algorithms for approximate nearest neighbor search in [11].
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: Gopinathannair Rakesh , Roukoz Henri , Bhan Adarsh , Ravichandran Ashwin , Ahmed Mustafa M. , Familtsev Dmitry , Bhat Geetha , Cowger Jennifer , Abdullah Munazzah , Sandesara Chirag , Dhawan Rahul , Birks Emma J. , Trivedi Jaimin R. , Slaughter Mark S. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Many patients with heart failure continue cardiac resynchronization therapy (
CRT
) after continuous flow left ventricular assist device (
CF
‐
LVAD
) implant. We report the first multicenter study to assess the impact of
CRT
on clinical outcomes in
CF
‐
LVAD
patients.

Methods and Results

Analysis was performed on 488 patients (58±13 years, 81% male) with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (
ICD
) (n=223) or
CRT
‐D (n=265) who underwent
CF
‐
LVAD
implantation at 5 centers from 2007 to 2015. Effects of
CRT
on mortality, hospitalizations, and ventricular arrhythmia incidence were compared against
CF
‐
LVAD
patients with an
ICD
alone. Baseline differences were noted between the 2 groups in age (60±12 versus 55±14,
P
<0.001) and
QRS
duration (159±29 versus 126±34,
P
=0.001). Median biventricular pacing in the
CRT
group was 96%. During a median follow‐up of 478 days, Kaplan–Meier analysis showed no difference in survival between groups (log rank
P
=0.28). Multivariate Cox regression demonstrated no survival benefit with type of device (
ICD
versus
CRT
‐D;
P
=0.16), whereas use of amiodarone was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.1–2.8,
P
=0.01). No differences were noted between
CRT
and
ICD
groups in all‐cause (
P
=0.06) and heart failure (
P
=0.9) hospitalizations, ventricular arrhythmia incidence (43% versus 39%,
P
=0.3), or
ICD
shocks (35% versus 29%,
P
=0.2). During follow‐up, 69 (26%) patients underwent pulse generator replacement in the
CRT
‐D group compared with 36 (15.5%) in the
ICD
group (
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

In this large, multicenter
CF
‐
LVAD
cohort, continued
CRT
was not associated with improved survival, hospitalizations, incidence of ventricular arrhythmia and
ICD
therapies, and was related to a significantly higher number of pulse generator changes.
The Harlem Heat Project: A Unique Media–Community Collaboration to Study Indoor Heat Waves
Authors: Vant-Hull Brian , Ramamurthy Prathap , Havlik Brooke , Jusino Carlos , Corbin-Mark Cecil , Schuerman Matthew , Keefe John , Drapkin Julia Kumari , Glenn A. Adam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeat waves killed more people in the United States than all other weather-related disasters combined over the last three decades. However, human–environment interactions during these episodic events are not well understood because of a lack of data on the crucial indoor temperatures, especially in non-air-conditioned residences. To address this gap, a unique consortium of media and community groups conceived the Harlem Heat Project to place sensors in people’s homes in northern Manhattan, New York, forming the basis for ongoing radio human-interest stories and online reporting alongside scientifically valuable information. The advantage that a media–community partnership brings to this work is the ability to attract a large number of community volunteers for sensor placement and reporting of human impacts, surmounting the normal barrier facing scientific study. The sensors were hand constructed and distributed through the WE ACT environmental justice community group. Interviews, personal stories, and key data summaries were posted on the ISeeChange, AdaptNY, and WNYC websites. Results from the pilot study document that indoor temperatures are far more stable than outdoor temperatures, with the indoor diurnal average typically above the outdoor average. The thermal inertia of building interiors results in a lag and smoothing of indoor versus outdoor heat waves. Statistical modeling based on energy balances demonstrates that indoor temperatures can be forecast a day in advance with useful accuracy based on weather conditions.
Drivers’ Visual Search Behavior Toward Vulnerable Road Users at Junctions as a Function of Cycling Experience
Authors: Robbins Chloe Jade , Chapman Peter 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The current study investigated the behavior and visual attention of two groups of drivers with differing pedal cycling experience (pedal cyclists and nonpedal cyclists) towards vulnerable road users at junctions in a driving simulator. Background: Pedal cyclists and motorcyclists are involved in a disproportionate number of crashes given the distance they travel, with a high proportion of these crashes occurring at junctions. Many studies have found that car drivers who also hold a motorcycle license have increased awareness towards motorcycles. Methods: The task involved approaching a T-junction and turning right when it was deemed to be safe. In Study 1, the junction was controlled by a give way sign, and in Study 2, the junction was controlled by a stop sign. Each T-junction contained a target vehicle (car, motorcycle, or pedal cycle), approaching from a near, medium, or far distance from the junction. Results: Participants did not look at pedal cycles approaching from a far distance for as long as they looked at approaching motorcycles and cars, despite all vehicles travelling at identical speeds. No differences were found between pedal cyclists and nonpedal cyclists on any visual attention measures, indicating that pedal cycling experience was not associated with differences in drivers’ attention toward pedal cycles. Conclusions: Findings have implications for road safety, demonstrating subtle differences in drivers’ everyday visual attention toward differing vehicle types. Applications: This research has the potential to inform the development of in-car technical assistive systems, improving the safety of vulnerable road users at junctions.
Rotator Cuff Matrix Augmentation and Interposition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bailey James R. , Kim Christopher , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Kirkendall Donald T. , Ledbetter Leila , Taylor Dean C. , Toth Alison P. , Garrigues Grant E. 
Published: June 2018

Background: Surgical management of rotator cuff tears is controversial and complex, ranging from nonoperative management to reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the outcomes of graft augmentation or interposition versus rotator cuff repair (RCR) alone and evaluate via meta-analysis whether the use of a graft leads to superior outcomes versus RCR alone. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: An electronic literature search (Medline, Embase, CINAHL) was conducted. Studies with a minimum follow-up of 1 year and minimum sample size of 10 that provided clinical results of RCR or rotator cuff reconstruction using any type of augmentation tissue or matrix were included. Methodological quality was evaluated by assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies. Studies comparing outcomes of RCR with graft augmentation or interposition versus repair alone (control group) were subjected to meta-analysis. Results: The authors identified 774 articles and included 36 in the systematic review; 5 of the 36 studies underwent meta-analysis. Except for one outcome measure in a single study, all surgical interventions (RCR alone, RCR with augmentation, and RCR with interposition) improved clinical scores and outcome measures. Because of variability in study outcomes, no graft option was found to be superior. Compared with RCR alone, graft augmentation or interposition provided significantly lower retear rates ( P = .05) and higher American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores ( P = .005), but improvements in UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) scores ( P = .29) and pain scores ( P = .1) did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: In the meta-analysis, graft augmentation or interposition appeared to provide a lower retear rate and improved ASES scores when compared with RCR alone. Future prospective, randomized, controlled, and appropriately powered trials are needed for more definitive recommendations.
Dose of Early Therapeutic Mobility: Does Frequency or Intensity Matter?
Authors: Winkelman Chris , Sattar Abdus , Momotaz Hasina , Johnson Kimberly D. , Morris Peter , Rowbottom James R. , Thornton John Daryl , Feeney Sheryl , Levine Alan 
Published: June 2018

Objective:Investigate the feasibility of a nurse-led mobility protocol and compare the effects of once- versus twice-daily episodes of early therapeutic mobility (ETM) and low- versus moderate-intensity ETM on serum biomarkers of inflammation and selected outcomes in critically ill adults.Design:Randomized interventional study with repeated measures and blinded assessment of outcomes.Setting:Four adult intensive care units (ICUs) in two academic medical centers.Subjects:Fifty-four patients with > 48 hr of mechanical ventilation (MV).Intervention:Patients were assigned to once- or twice-daily ETM via sealed envelope randomization at enrollment. Intensity of (in-bed vs. out-of-bed) ETM was administered according to protocolized patient assessment.Measurements:Interleukins 6, 10, 8, 15, and tumor necrosis factor-α were collected from serum before and after ETM; change scores were used in the analyses. Manual muscle and handgrip strength, delirium onset, duration of MV, and ICU length of stay (LOS) were evaluated as patient outcomes.Main Results:Hypotheses regarding the inflammatory biomarkers were not supported based on confidence intervals. Twice-daily intervention was associated with reduced ICU LOS. Moderate-intensity (out-of-bed) ETM was associated with greater manual muscle test scores and handgrip strength and reduced occurrence of delirium.Conclusion:Findings from this study suggest that nurses can provide twice-daily mobility interventions that include sitting on the edge of the bed once patients have a stable status without altering a pro-inflammatory serum biomarker profile.