bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships among aberrant salience, reward motivation, and reward sensitivity
Authors: Neumann Suzanne R. , Linscott Richard J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesChange in reward processing and motivation may mediate the relationship between dopaminergic dysregulation and positive symptoms of schizophrenia. We sought to investigate the measurement of aberrant salience and its relationship with behavioural measures of reward and motivation.MethodsParticipants (n = 82) completed measures of aberrant salience (Aberrant Salience Inventory and Salience Attribution Task), motivation (Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task), and reinforcer sensitivity (Stimulus Chase Task). Hypotheses were tested using correlation and generalised linear modelling.ResultsResults indicated no relationship between aberrant salience measures. The Aberrant Salience Inventory was positively related to effort expenditure for lower less likely rewards and predicted the use of probability alone in decision‐making. The only significant relationship between reward and motivation was a positive relationship between gain sensitivity and motivated behaviour for higher more likely rewards.ConclusionsAlthough some support for a relationship between measures of reward motivation and aberrant salience were found, there was no evidence that the aberrant salience measures had concurrent validity. Our results suggest caution is warranted when interpreting measures of aberrant salience.
Stability analysis of shotcrete supported crown of NATM tunnels with discontinuity layout optimization
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Zhuang Xiaoying , Lackner Roman 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFor tunnel constructed by New Austrian Tunnelling Method, the crown is the upper part of tunnel section, constructed during excavation process and supported by shotcrete. The stability of the crown has great influence on the safety of tunnel itself and the buildings above, which correlates, among others, with geometrical setup of tunnel and material properties of shotcrete and soil/rock. In this paper, aiming at analyzing the stability of shotcrete supported crown, a recently presented numerical method discontinuity layout optimization is adopted, which introduces a great amount of potential discontinuities cross over one another and provides a wide search space for efficient upper limit analysis. In the analysis, a well‐established hydration model of cementitious material is implemented for accounting the hydration of shotcrete. Then assumptions based on convergence‐confinement method are used for accounting the 3‐dimensional effect in 2‐dimensional analysis, finally providing time‐space–dependent assessments of stability of shotcrete supported crown.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping and 23Na imaging‐based in vitro characterization of blood clotting kinetics
Authors: Schneider Till M. , Nagel Armin M. , Zorn Markus , Wetscherek Andreas , Bendszus Martin , Ladd Mark E. , Straub Sina 
Published: April 2018

Blood clotting is a fundamental biochemical process in post‐hemorrhagic hemostasis. Although the varying appearance of coagulating blood in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images is widely used to qualitatively determine bleeding age, the technique permits only a rough discrimination of coagulation stages, and it remains difficult to distinguish acute and chronic hemorrhagic stages because of low T1‐ and T2‐weighted signal intensities in both instances. To investigate new biomedical parameters for magnetic resonance imaging‐based characterization of blood clotting kinetics, sodium imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) were compared with conventional T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, as well as with biochemical hemolysis parameters. For this purpose, a blood‐filled spherical agar phantom was investigated daily for 14 days, as well as after 24 days at 7 T after initial preparation with fresh blood. T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences, a three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo sequence and a density‐adapted 3D radial projection reconstruction pulse sequence for 23Na imaging were applied. For hemolysis estimations, free hemoglobin and free potassium concentrations were measured photometrically and with the direct ion‐selective electrode method, respectively, in separate heparinized whole‐blood samples along the same timeline. Initial mean susceptibility was low (0.154 ± 0.020 ppm) and increased steadily during the course of coagulation to reach up to 0.570 ± 0.165 ppm. The highest total sodium (NaT) values (1.02 ± 0.06 arbitrary units) in the clot were observed initially, dropped to 0.69 ± 0.13 arbitrary units after one day and increased again to initial values. Compartmentalized sodium (NaS) showed a similar signal evolution, and the NaS/NaT ratio steadily increased over clot evolution. QSM depicts clot evolution in vitro as a process associated with hemoglobin accumulation and transformation, and enables the differentiation of the acute and chronic coagulation stages. Sodium imaging visualizes clotting independent of susceptibility and seems to correspond to clot integrity. A combination of QSM and sodium imaging may enhance the characterization of hemorrhage.
Heaviside projection–based aggregation in stress‐constrained topology optimization
Authors: Wang Cunfu , Qian Xiaoping 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe paper introduces an approach to stress‐constrained topology optimization through Heaviside projection–based constraint aggregation. The aggregation is calculated by integrating Heaviside projected local stresses over the design domain, and then, it is normalized over the total material volume. Effectively, the normalized integral measures the volume fraction of the material that has violated the stress constraint. Hence, with the Heaviside aggregated constraint, we can remove the stress failed material from the final design by constraining the integral to a threshold value near zero. An adaptive strategy is developed to select the threshold value for ensuring that the optimized design is conservative. By adding a stress penalty factor to the integrand, the Heaviside aggregated constraint can further penalize high stresses and becomes more stable and less sensitive to the selection of the threshold value. Our two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical experiments demonstrate that the single Heaviside aggregated stress constraint can efficiently control the local stress level. Compared with the traditional approaches based on the Kreisselmeier‐Steinhauser and p‐norm aggregations, the Heaviside aggregation–based single constraint can substantially reduce computational cost on sensitivity analysis. These advantages make it possible to apply the proposed approach to large‐scale stress‐constrained problems.
Eigenvalue topology optimization via efficient multilevel solution of the frequency response
Authors: Ferrari Federico , Lazarov Boyan S. , Sigmund Ole 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe article presents an efficient solution method for structural topology optimization aimed at maximizing the fundamental frequency of vibration. Nowadays, this is still a challenging problem mainly because of the high computational cost required by spectral analyses. The proposed method relies on replacing the eigenvalue problem with a frequency response one, which can be tuned and efficiently solved by a multilevel procedure. Connections of the method with multigrid eigenvalue solvers are discussed in details. Several applications demonstrating more than 90% savings of the computational time are presented as well.
A note on the sufficiency of the maximum principle for infinite horizon optimal control problems
Authors: de Oliveira Valeriano Antunes , Silva Geraldo Nunes 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis work is devoted to introduce a new sufficient optimality condition for infinite horizon optimal control problems. It is shown that normal extremal processes are optimal under this new condition, termed as maximum‐principle‐pseudo‐invexity. Such a condition is the most general possible in the sense that problems in which every normal extremal process is optimal are necessarily maximum‐principle‐pseudo‐invex.
Finite‐time convergence results in robust model predictive control
Authors: Anderson A. , González A.H. , Ferramosca A. , Kofman E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryRobust asymptotic stability (asymptotic attractivity and ϵ‐δ stability) of equilibrium regions under robust model predictive control (MPC) strategies was extensively studied in the last decades making use of Lyapunov theory in most cases. However, in spite of its potential application benefits, the problem of finite‐time convergence under fixed prediction horizon has not received, with some few exceptions, much attention in the literature. Considering the importance in several applications of having finite‐time convergence results in the context of fixed horizon MPC controllers and the lack of studies on this matter, this work presents a new set‐based robust MPC (RMPC) for which, in addition to traditional stability guarantees, finite‐time convergence to a target set is proved, and moreover, an upper bound on the time necessary to reach that set is provided. It is remarkable that the results apply to general nonlinear systems and only require some weak assumptions on the model, cost function, and target set.
A phase 1 study of cabozantinib in children and adolescents with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including CNS tumors: Trial ADVL1211, a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Chuk Meredith K. , Widemann Brigitte C. , Minard Charles G. , Liu Xiaowei , Kim AeRang , Bernhardt Melanie Brooke , Kudgus Rachel A. , Reid Joel M. , Voss Stephan D. , Blaney Susan , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a phase 1 trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and preliminary activity of cabozantinib in children with refractory or relapsed solid tumors.MethodsPatients received cabozantinib tablets on a continuous dosing schedule in a rolling‐six escalating phase 1 trial design. PK and PD studies were performed.ResultsForty‐one patients, median (range) age 13 (4–18) years, received cabozantinib to achieve a weekly cumulative dose equivalent to 30 (n = 6), 40 (n = 23). or 55 (n = 12) mg/m2/day. At 40 mg/m2/d, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) were palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, mucositis, and elevated alanine aminotransferase, lipase, and bilirubin. At 55 mg/m2/d, hypertension, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, headache, fatigue, and proteinuria were DLTs. Frequent non‐DLTs included diarrhea, hypothyroidism, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, elevated hepatic transaminases, and proteinuria. In subsequent cycles, DLTs occurred at all dose levels. Across all dose levels, the steady‐state exposure and peak cabozantinib concentrations were similar. Four patients experienced a confirmed partial response: medullary thyroid cancer (MTC; n = 2), Wilms tumor, and clear cell sarcoma. Stable disease (>6 cycles) was seen in seven patients (MTC [n = 2], Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, alveolar soft part sarcoma, paraganglioma, and ependymoma).ConclusionsA protocol‐defined MTD was not reached; DLTs and dose reductions for toxicity occurred in the first and subsequent cycles at all dose levels. Based on the toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics, and responses, the recommended dose of cabozantinib in pediatric patients with refractory solid tumors is 40 mg/m2/day. A phase 2 study of cabozantinib is being conducted.
Mobile health intervention for youth with sickle cell disease: Impact on adherence, disease knowledge, and quality of life
Authors: Anderson Lindsay M. , Leonard Sarah , Jonassaint Jude , Lunyera Joseph , Bonner Melanie , Shah Nirmish 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to illness self‐management among youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) positively impacts health outcomes and decreases overall healthcare costs. Despite this, children with SCD face several barriers to adherence, with adherence rates that remain moderate to low. The current feasibility study examined the Intensive Training Program (ITP), a mobile health (mHealth) intervention for youth with SCD designed to promote disease knowledge, adherence, and patient‐provider communication.ProcedureYouth with SCD prescribed hydroxyurea between ages 7–18 completed baseline disease knowledge and psychosocial assessments and then were provided with the ITP app. Youth participated in the 90‐day ITP, during which they completed three education modules, tracked adherence through daily self‐recorded videos on the app, and received video messages from providers. Participants completed poststudy knowledge, psychosocial, and feasibility questionnaires. Medication possession ratio (MPR) was obtained via pharmacy‐refill rates.ResultsThirty‐two youths (mean age = 13.0 years) participated, with an average adherence tracking rate of 0.6 (standard deviation = 0.34). All participants demonstrated increased MPR (0.57–0.74, P < 0.001, d = 0.75) and disease knowledge (59.6–88.6%, P < 0.001). There was variable engagement in the ITP; completers demonstrated significantly better SCD‐related functioning (P < 0.05), higher parent‐reported treatment functioning (P < 0.05), and lower pain impact than noncompleters of the ITP (P < 0.05).ConclusionsResults support the ITP can feasibly be implemented to promote adherence among youth with SCD. All participants demonstrated increased adherence and disease knowledge. However, there was variable engagement and only intervention completers showed improvements in psychosocial outcomes. Further research is needed to evaluate long‐term outcomes and ways to promote engagement in mHealth interventions among the youth.
High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation spares re‐irradiation for recurrent intracranial germinoma
Authors: Kubota Hirohito , Umeda Katsutsugu , Kagehiro Kouzuki , Tanaka Kuniaki , Daifu Tomoo , Hamabata Takayuki , Nodomi Seishiro , Kato Itaru , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Arakawa Yoshiki , Mizowaki Takashi , Adachi Souichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe clinical outcome of high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous stem cell transplantation was retrospectively analyzed in six patients with recurrent intracranial germinoma. Prior to HDC, all patients achieved complete remission after platinum and ifosfamide‐based chemotherapy. A melphalan‐based conditioning regimen was administered in either a single cycle or multiple sequential cycles. Five of the six patients are alive and free from disease, with a median survival of 65 months, among which four patients avoided re‐irradiation. In a significant proportion of patients, recurrent intracranial germinoma is curable by HDC without re‐irradiation, provided that the disease remains sensitive to salvage chemotherapy.
A comparative study of memory‐type control charts based on robust scale estimators
Authors: Song Zhi , Liu Yanchun , Li Zhonghua , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExponential weighted moving average and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts are well‐known tool for their effectiveness in detecting small and moderate changes in the process parameters. To detect both large and small shifts, a new control structure is often recommended, named as combined Shewhart‐CUSUM control chart, which combines the advantages of a Shewhart chart with the CUSUM chart. In this paper, we investigate 11 different standard deviation estimators with the structures of these 3 types of control charts for monitoring the process dispersion under normal and contaminated normal environments. By applying Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of these memory charts depending on 4 factors: (1) standard deviation estimator, (2) parent environment, (3) chart type, and (4) change magnitude. Extensive simulations are used to compute and study the run length profiles of these memory charts, including the average, the standard deviation, the several percentiles, and the cumulative distribution function curves of the run length distribution. It turns out that there is a significant difference between the run length distribution of the memory chart with estimated parameters and the analogous case with known parameters, even using the adjusted control limits under normal environment, and the difference is more severe when contaminations are present. This difference is gradually diminished when a large number of Phase I samples is used under normality, but it is not true in the contaminated cases.
Definitions for warning signs and signs of severe dengue according to the WHO 2009 classification: Systematic review of literature
Authors: Morra Mostafa Ebraheem , Altibi Ahmed M.A. , Iqtadar Somia , Minh Le Huu Nhat , Elawady Sameh Samir , Hallab Asma , Elshafay Abdelrahman , Omer Omer Abedlbagi , Iraqi Ahmed , Adhikari Purushottam , Labib Jonair Hussein , Elhusseiny Khaled Mosaad , Elgebaly Ahmed , Yacoub Sophie , Huong Le Thi Minh , Hirayama Kenji , Huy Nguyen Tien 
Published: April 2018

SummarySince warning signs and signs of severe dengue are defined differently between studies, we conducted a systematic review on how researchers defined these signs. We conducted an electronic search in Scopus to identify relevant articles, using key words including dengue, “warning signs,” “severe dengue,” and “classification.” A total of 491 articles were identified through this search strategy and were subsequently screened by 2 independent reviewers for definitions of any of the warning or severe signs in the 2009 WHO dengue classification. We included all original articles published in English after 2009, classifying dengue by the 2009 WHO classification or providing the additional definition or criterion of warning signs and severity (besides the information of 2009 WHO). Analysis of the extracted data from 44 articles showed wide variations among definitions and cutoff values used by physicians to classify patients diagnosed with dengue infection. The establishment of clear definitions for warning signs and severity is essential to prevent unnecessary hospitalization and harmonizing the interpretation and comparability of epidemiological studies dedicated to dengue infection.
River connectivity reestablished:Effects and implications of six weir removals on brown trout smolt migration
Authors: Birnie‐Gauvin K. , Candee M.M. , Baktoft H. , Larsen M.H. , Koed A. , Aarestrup K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractToday's river systems have been extensively modified, requiring us to rethink how we approach the management of these important ecosystems. We evaluated the effects of removing 6 weirs in River Villestrup (Jutland, Denmark) on the smolt run of brown trout (Salmo trutta) over the course of 12 years. During 5 of these years, we evaluated the number, size, and timing of smolts during their downstream migration. We found an increase in smolt output following the weir removals, along with a decrease in average length and indications of an earlier peak migration. Our results suggest that barrier removal has led to an increase in spawning success by adults, fry survival, recruitment, and smolt migration success. Weir removal is therefore a viable management approach to restore connectivity in freshwater streams and rivers, which promotes the passage of smolts as they migrate to marine environments.
Fingerprinting Chamaesiphon populations as an approach to assess the quality of running waters
Authors: Loza V. , Morales A. , Perona E. , Muñoz‐Martín M. A. , Mateo P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCyanobacterial communities are highly diverse in freshwaters and respond rapidly to changing environments. Previous studies have highlighted variations in the structure and composition of epilithic cyanobacterial communities in response to eutrophication in watercourses. In the present study, changes in benthic cyanobacterial communities from Guadalix River (Spain) biofilms were examined using temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in conjunction with microscopic examination of field‐fixed samples, focusing on populations of one of the dominant cyanobacteria: Chamaesiphon. Environmental characteristics were determined in order to characterize the trophic status of the sampling sites. The presence of cyanobacteria in the river was determined from complex TGGE patterns, band extraction, and subsequent sequencing of 16S rDNA gene fragments. The microscopic observations revealed that the unicellular genus Chamaesiphon and the filamentous genus Phormidium were dominant in the studied locations. Within the 2 genera, 4 Chamaesiphon populations were identified (Chamaesiphon fuscus, Chamaesiphon starmachii, Chamaesiphon subglobosus, and Chamaesiphon polymorphus) and Phormidium was represented at the sampling sites by the Phormidium autumnale morphotype. TGGE banding patterns differed among samplings sites as a function of water quality. The genetic analysis revealed 4 phylotypes within the genus Chamaesiphon and 1 phylotype within the classic P. autumnale clade. Chamaesiphon phylotypes were not equally distributed in all the sampling locations. Some phylotypes were related to low nutrient concentrations, while others were associated with eutrophic conditions. Our results support the use of fingerprints of Chamaesiphon populations obtained by TGGE to examine changes in water quality.
How big is big enough? Toward a sustainable future by examining alternatives to the conventional economic growth paradigm
Authors: Harangozo Gabor , Csutora Maria , Kocsis Tamas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study addresses how the sustainability crisis may be overcome by using alternatives to the conventional economic growth paradigm. Based on a literature review, the paper identifies and discusses three alternatives, namely negative, zero and positive economic growth. These alternatives are compared from a feasibility and policy perspective in relation to the transition toward sustainable development. The three alternatives are associated with very far‐reaching sets of policies that have different focal points with regard to how the paradigm shift from the conventional growth paradigm can be realized. All these alternatives, however, challenge the effectiveness of market forces. The shortcomings of the alternatives (resistance to voluntary transition with negative or zero growth, no proper consideration of the rebound effect for positive growth) hinder the transition and must be further addressed by policy‐makers in public and private sectors, as well as by civil society.
CMC/BiOCl 3D Hierarchical Nanostructures with Exposed {001} Facets and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Sun Jingyu , Li Dongya , Li Yirui , Cai Yujie , Sun Lei , Yuan Xiangjuan , Cao Gang , Xu Haiming , Xia Dongsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCMC/BiOCl 3D hierarchical nanostructures with exposed {001} facets were successfully synthesized under the control of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The physicochemical properties of as‐synthesized samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV–vis diffused reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier transformed infrared (FT‐IR), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) measurements, and electron spin resonance (ESR). The results demonstrate that CMC makes great effects upon the morphology, structure and properties. BOC‐1 synthesized with CMC amount of 0.1 g exhibits highest visible photocatalytic activity on the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) for its 3D hierarchical nanostructures, thinnest nanosheets about 8.6 nm, appropriate band gap about 2.82 eV. The reaction rate of BOC‐1 is 4.5 times higher than that of pure BiOCl synthesized without CMC. Furthermore, the radicals and holes trapping experiments and electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirm ⋅O2− is the main active species, and a possible mechanism of CMC/BiOCl enhanced the photocatalytic activity was proposed.