bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Identification Overestimates the Number of Pallid Sturgeon in the Lower Mississippi River due to Extensive Introgressive Hybridization
Authors: Jordan George R. , Heist Edward J. , Kuhajda Bernard R. , Moyer Gregory R. , Hartfield Paul , Piteo Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus and Shovelnose Sturgeon S. platorynchus are congeners occupying overlapping habitats within the Missouri and Mississippi River basins. The Pallid Sturgeon is listed as federally endangered under the Endangered Species Act in the United States, whereas the Shovelnose Sturgeon is not. Observational data across the range of both species include specimens that appear to be phenotypically and genotypically intermediate between Pallid Sturgeon and Shovelnose Sturgeon, though these occurrences are most frequent in the Mississippi River. Based on both morphological and genetic data, the variability and overlap within Scaphirhynchus spp. phenotypes has resulted in debate about the accuracy of existing identification methods of Pallid Sturgeon within the Mississippi River portion of its range (i.e., distinguishing Pallid, Shovelnose, and hybrid sturgeons). As a result, increasing questions have surfaced relative to species identification, implications of purported hybridization, the accuracy of local demographic estimations, and how those effect management actions. This project is the first comprehensive analysis to compare genotypic, phenotypic, and field identification data in order to evaluate the accuracy of existing field identification of the two congener Scaphirhynchus spp. and their purported hybrids in the lower Mississippi River. Our results indicate current field identification methods are not reliable for identifying Pallid Sturgeon in the lower Mississippi River, likely due to introgressive hybridization between Pallid and Shovelnose sturgeons and the resulting continuum of morphotypes and genotypes in hybridized individuals. We conclude that reliance on current morphological‐based field identification methods to quantify Pallid Sturgeon may lead to inaccurate assessments that could negatively impact the conservation and management of this endangered species, including the use of hybrid broodstock for conservation stocking and erroneous estimates of stock and recruitment.
Effect of magnetic activated carbon on the surface hydrophobicity for initial biogranulation via response surface methodology
Authors: Omar Ahmad Hanis , Muda Khalida , Majid Zaiton Abdul , Affam Augustine Chioma , Ezechi Ezerie Henry 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiogranulation is an effective biological technology suitable for the treatment of various wastewaters. However, the major drawback of this technique is the long start‐up period for biogranule development. Hence, the primary focus of this study was on cell surface hydrophobicity which is the main parameter that indicates cell agglomeration during the initial self‐immobilization process of aerobic granulation. The effects of sludge concentration and magnetic activated carbon on cell surface hydrophobicity were investigated in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to design, analyze, and optimize the outcome of the study. Experiments were performed at sludge concentration of 1,000–3,000 mg/L and magnetic activated carbon mass of 1–5 g/L with 24 hr of aeration time. The results show that both variables yielded a positive significant effect on the initial development of aerobic granulation with 56% surface hydrophobicity. Interaction effects between variables on the responses were significant with positive estimated interaction effect at all different measured aeration time. The magnetic activated carbon acted as nuclei to induce bacterial attachment and further enhanced the initial process of biogranule development under optimal condition of 1:1.1 (sludge concentration: magnetic activated carbon).Practitioner points

Cell surface hydrophobicity was evaluated

Magnetic activated carbon enhanced cell surface hydrophobicity

Response surface methodology was employed for analyses

Magnetic activate carbon mass and biomass concentration was significant

Magnetic activated carbon acted as nuclei to improve biogranulation
Pre-operative Two-Point Discrimination Predicts Response to Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Wessel Lauren E. , Ekstein Charles M. , Marshall Danielle C. , Chen Aaron Z. , Osei Daniel A. , Fufa Duretti T. 
Published: July 2019

Background Limited evidence informs whether pre-operative values of two-point discrimination (2PD) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome predict response to surgery. Questions/Purposes The primary aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of pre-operative 2PD scores on outcomes following carpal tunnel release (CTR). In particular, we sought to evaluate whether a clinically relevant 2PD threshold exists that can predict symptomatic response after surgery. Methods Patients who underwent CTR between 2014 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Static 2PD scores in each digit, as well as Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) and Levine-Katz scores, were collected from pre- and post-operative records. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed the relationship between pre-operative 2PD, early post-operative 2PD, and patient-reported outcome scores. Poor 2PD was defined as 2PD greater than 10 mm. Results Eighty-nine hands in 73 patients with a mean follow-up of 1.8 years were analyzed. Mean pre- and post-operative 2PD was 7.2 mm and 6.4 mm, respectively, in the most affected digit when measurable. Twenty patients had poor 2PD scores pre-operatively and 14 post-operatively. There was a positive correlation between pre- and early post-operative 2PD scores but no correlation between pre-operative 2PD score and final post-operative functional scores. Only 30% of patients with poor pre-operative 2PD scores demonstrated improvement, compared with 69% of patients with measurable 2PD. Conclusion We found that greater pre-operative 2PD scores predicted greater early post-operative 2PD scores but did not lead to worse functional outcome scores post-operatively. Patients with poor pre-operative 2PD scores were likely to demonstrate improvement in functional outcomes scores, while having less reliable improvement in 2PD after CTR. Patients with poor 2PD should be counseled that improvement of tactile perception is less predictable.
Quantifying the Impact of Patient-Specific Factors and Disease Severity on Clinical Decision Making in Cuff Tear Arthropathy: A Case-Based Survey
Authors: Schumaier Adam P. , Bedeir Yehia H. , Dines Joshua S. , Kenter Keith , Gulotta Lawrence V. , Dines David M. , Grawe Brian M. 
Published: July 2019

Background Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of disability. Some patients with massive and irreparable tears can develop cuff tear arthropathy (CTA), which makes management more challenging. Questions/Purposes We sought to examine how orthopedists determine treatment for patients with CTA. Specifically, we investigated (1) the effect of patient age, symptoms, activity level, range of motion, and radiographic findings on the decision making of shoulder specialists and (2) the observer reliability of the Seebauer and Hamada grading systems. Methods Five shoulder surgeons were each sent 108 simulated patient cases. Each simulated patient had a different combination of factors, including patient age, symptoms, activity level, range of motion, and radiographs. Responders graded the radiographs and chose a treatment (non-operative, arthroscopic, hemiarthroplasty, or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty). Spearman's correlations and χ 2 tests were used to assess the relationship between factors and treatments. Sub-analysis was performed on surgical cases. An intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess observer agreement. Results The significant Spearman's correlations were symptoms (0.45), Hamada grade (0.38), patient age (0.34), and Seebauer type (0.29). In sub-analysis of operative cases, the significant correlations were Hamada grade (0.56), patient age (0.51), Seebauer type (0.46), activity level (−0.13). The χ 2 analysis was significant for all factors except activity level. The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were, respectively, Seebauer type (0.59 and 0.63) and Hamada grade (0.58 and 0.65). Interobserver reliability for patient management was 0.44. Conclusion When evaluating CTA, patient symptoms, radiographic grade, and patient age are the factors most strongly associated with the decision making of shoulder specialists. Additionally, the Seebauer and Hamada classifications had similar reliability and clinical utility. However, there was only fair agreement regarding treatment, which indicates that CTA management remains controversial.
Patterns of white matter hyperintensities associated with cognition in middle-aged cognitively healthy individuals
Authors:   for the ALFA Study, Brugulat-Serrat Anna , Salvadó Gemma , Sudre Carole H. , Grau-Rivera Oriol , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Falcon Carles , Sánchez-Benavides Gonzalo , Gramunt Nina , Fauria Karine , Cardoso M. Jorge , Barkhof Frederik , Molinuevo José Luis , Gispert Juan Domingo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are commonly detected in the brain of elderly individuals and have been associated with a negative impact on multiple cognitive domains. We aim to investigate the impact of global and regional distribution of WMH on episodic memory and executive function in middle-aged cognitively unimpaired participants [N = 561 (45–75 years)] enriched for Alzheimer’s disease risk factors. WMH were automatically segmented from FLAIR, T1 and FSE MR images. WMH load was calculated both globally and regionally. At each cerebral lobe, regional WMH load was measured at four equidistant layers extending from the lateral ventricles to juxtacortical areas. Cognition was measured by The Memory Binding Test (MBT) and WAIS-IV subtests. Global composite z-scores were calculated for the two cognitive domains. Association between global and regional WMH measurements were sought against cognitive measures, both in global composite scores and in individual subtests. We adjusted cognition and WMH burden for the main sociodemographic (age, sex and education) and genetic factors (APOE-ε4). Memory and executive function were significantly associated with global WMH load. Regionally, lower executive performance was mainly associated with higher deep WMH load in frontal areas and, to a lower degree, in occipital, parietal and temporal regions. Lower episodic memory performance was correlated with higher WMH burden in deep frontal and occipital areas. Our novel methodological approach of regional analysis allowed us to reveal the association between cognition and WMH in strategic brain locations. Our results suggest that, even a small WMH load can impact cognition in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged subjects.
Introducing Decision Aids into Routine Prostate Cancer Care in The Netherlands: Implementation and Patient Evaluations from the Multi-regional JIPPA Initiative
Authors: Cuypers Maarten , Al-Itejawi Hoda H. M. , van Uden-Kraan Cornelia F. , Stalmeier Peep F. M. , Lamers Romy E. D. , van Oort Inge M. , Somford Diederik M. , van Moorselaar Reindert Jeroen A. , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , van de Poll-Franse Lonneke V. , van Tol-Geerdink Julia J. , de Vries Marieke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUptake of decision aids (DAs) in daily routine is low, resulting in limited knowledge about successful DA implementation at a large scale. We assessed implementation rates after multi-regional implementation of three different prostate cancer (PCa) treatment DAs and patient-perceived barriers and facilitators to use a DA. Thirty-three hospitals implemented one out of the three DAs in routine care. Implementation rates for each DA were calculated per hospital. After deciding about PCa treatment, patients (n = 1033) completed a survey on pre-formulated barriers and facilitators to use a DA. Overall DA implementation was 40%. For each DA alike, implementation within hospitals varied from incidental (< 10% of eligible patients receiving a DA) to high rates of implementation (> 80%). All three DAs were evaluated positively by patients, although concise and paper DAs yielded higher satisfaction scores compared with an elaborate online DA. Patients were most satisfied when they received the DA within a week after diagnosis. Pre-formulated barriers to DA usage were experienced by less than 10% of the patients, and most patients confirmed the facilitators. Many patients received a DA during treatment counseling, although a wide variation in uptake across hospitals was observed for each DA. Most patients were satisfied with the DA they received. Sustained implementation of DAs in clinical routine requires further encouragement and attention.
The Duty of Care of the Parent Company: A Comparison between French Law, UK Precedents and the Swiss Proposals
Authors: PALOMBO Dalia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn 2017, France established a due diligence statutory obligation for French parent companies to monitor extraterritorial human rights and environmental abuses committed by their off-shore affiliates. Switzerland is also considering adopting a similar law for Swiss parent companies. These obligations are comparable to the duty of care that, according to recent case law, British parent companies owe towards their subsidiaries’ neighbours. This article compares and contrasts the newly introduced French due diligence statutory obligation, the UK precedents, and two alternative Swiss legislative proposals on the due diligence and duty of care of parent companies.
Stable minimizers of functionals of the gradient
Authors: Sychev Mikhail A. , Treu Giulia , Colombo Giovanni 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet Ω ⊂ ℝn be a bounded Lipschitz domain. Let $L: {\mathbb R}^n\rightarrow \bar {\mathbb R}= {\mathbb R}\cup \{+\infty \}$ be a continuous function with superlinear growth at infinity, and consider the functional $\mathcal {I}(u)=\int \nolimits _\Omega L(Du)$, u ∈ W1,1(Ω). We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on L under which, for all f ∈ W1,1(Ω) such that $\mathcal {I}(f) < +\infty $, the problem of minimizing $\mathcal {I}(u)$ with the boundary condition u|∂Ω = f has a solution which is stable, or – alternatively – is such that all of its solutions are stable. By stability of $\mathcal {I}$ at u we mean that $u_k\rightharpoonup u$ weakly in W1,1(Ω) together with $\mathcal {I}(u_k)\to \mathcal {I}(u)$ imply uk → u strongly in W1,1(Ω). This extends to general boundary data some results obtained by Cellina and Cellina and Zagatti. Furthermore, with respect to the preceding literature on existence results for scalar variational problems, we drop the assumption that the relaxed functional admits a continuous minimizer.
The simplicity of divine ideas: theistic conceptual realism and the doctrine of divine simplicity
Authors: PANCHUK MICHELLE 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere has been little discussion of the compatibility of Theistic Conceptual Realism (TCR) with the doctrine of divine simplicity (DDS). On the one hand, if a plurality of universals is necessary to explain the character of particular things, there is reason to think this commits the proponent of TCR to the existence of a plurality of divine concepts. So the proponent of the DDS has aprima faciereason to reject TCR (and vice versa). On the other hand, many mediaeval philosophers accept both the existence of divine ideas and the DDS. In this article I draw on mediaeval and contemporary accounts of properties and divine simplicity to argue that the two theories are not logically incompatible.
“The Ghetto is a Gold Mine”: The Racialized Temporality of Betterment
Authors: Solomon Marisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGentrification makes trash a discursive and material index of degeneration, mobilizing projects to “clean” and “better” neighborhoods and people. This ethnographic article explores how trash's movements and labor reveal the spatialized and temporalized racial histories of neighborhood transformation in the historically black neighborhood of Bedford-Stuyvesant (Bed-Stuy), Brooklyn and the gentrified town of Norfolk, Virginia. Foregrounding the objects and people whose value(s) are called into question as the context around them changes, I draw on two key interlocutors whose scavenging is conditioned by the “betterment”—community revitalization and “clean up”—programs that seek to displace them. As Sal “saves” Bed-Stuy by directing the flow of the dismembered ghetto, Superfly redirects coffee shop ephemera to black barbershops. By attending to how trash moves, Sal's and Superfly's labor make visible the material conditions of gentrification and point to how race and time are spatialized under racial capitalism.
Beyond the Abject: Caste and the Organization of Work in Pakistan's Waste Economy
Authors: Butt Waqas H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines the historical processes by which low or non-caste groups have situated themselves in Pakistan's waste economy. Adopting caste as a category of governance, the colonial regime implemented policies and interventions that not only impacted these groups in the Punjab, but also cemented enduring connections between caste, waste work, and governance, which have subsequently shaped the trajectories of waste work in cities like Lahore. Moving beyond the framework of the “abject,” this article emphasizes caste as a historical category through which social stratification and exclusions have materialized across South Asia, and examines how low or non-caste groups have organized themselves in Pakistan's waste economy, which has resulted from rapid urbanization, bureaucratization and informalization, regional labor migration, consumptive economies, urban development, and sociopolitical relations. Rather than inhabiting the abjectness of capitalism, modernity, or caste hierarchy, this article argues that these groups have carved out a space for themselves and their wider social relations in cities like Lahore in Pakistan, where social inequalities and stratification are undeniable facets of urban life.
The Enduring Effects of Parental Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use on Child Well-being: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kuppens Sofie , Moore Simon C. , Gross Vanessa , Lowthian Emily , Siddaway Andy P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effects of psychoactive substance abuse are not limited to the user, but extend to the entire family system, with children of substance abusers being particularly at risk. This meta-analysis attempted to quantify the longitudinal relationship between parental alcohol, tobacco, and drug use and child well-being, investigating variation across a range of substance and well-being indices and other potential moderators. We performed a literature search of peer-reviewed, English language, longitudinal observational studies that reported outcomes for children aged 0 to 18 years. In total, 56 studies, yielding 220 dependent effect sizes, met inclusion criteria. A multilevel random-effects model revealed a statistically significant, small detriment to child well-being for parental substance abuse over time (r= .15). Moderator analyses demonstrated that the effect was more pronounced for parental drug use (r= .25), compared with alcohol use (r= .13), tobacco use (r= .13), and alcohol use disorder (r= .14). Results highlight a need for future studies that better capture the effect of parental psychoactive substance abuse on the full breadth of childhood well-being outcomes and to integrate substance abuse into models that specify the precise conditions under which parental behavior determines child well-being.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017076088
The Northern Bald Ibis Geronticus eremita in Morocco since 1900: Analysis of ecological requirements
Authors: SCHENKER ANDRE , CAHENZLI FABIAN , GUTBROD KARL G. , THEVENOT MICHEL , ERHARDT ANDREAS 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita, is an ‘Endangered’ bird species of which only very few wild breeding colonies have survived along the Atlantic coast of south-west Morocco. This paper analyses ecological conditions of the 72 breeding sites of the NBI that have been known since 1900 in Morocco. Characterisation of breeding sites is based on physical criteria (elevation above sea level, geomorphology, mean annual precipitation and types of landscape) as well as land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure and types of settlement within three perimeters (0–1 km, > 1–5 km and > 5–10(20) km) using Google Earth satellite images. Statistical analyses of the number of breeding pairs, fledglings and rainfall during different quarters of the year from 1994 to 2016 in the two remaining breeding sites in Souss-Massa National Park and Tamri showed expected patterns as well as unexpected differences between the two localities. Based on our findings and indications in the literature, we suggest general and specific recommendations for potential future translocation projects of the NBI. Based on the analysis of the 28 breeding colonies existing after 1977, two elements emerge as the most important prerequisites: a low level of disturbances at the breeding sites and adequate feeding areas at a reasonable distance of 5–15 km.
Sex effect on growth faltering in an indigenous ethnic minority population of infants in Israel
Authors: Bilenko Natalya , Belmaker Ilana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:We examined sex effects on growth faltering in an indigenous population of Bedouin Arab infants born in Israel, an economically developed country.Design:Retrospective cohort study. Height-for-ageZ-score (HAZ) at age 6, 12, 18 and 24 months was calculated for full-term, normal-birth-weight Bedouin infants born during years 2000–2009 and attending maternal and child health (MCH) clinics. Multivariate linear regression analysis (MLRA) was used to calculate the association between sex and HAZ, controlling for year of birth, birth weight (BW) and residence by type of settlement (established settlement (ES); non-established settlement (NES)).Setting:Bedouin are an indigenous poor community of semi-nomadic Arabs, with the highest infant mortality rate in Israel. Fifty per cent of Bedouin infants live in NES with inadequate access to running water, electricity, and rubbish and sewage disposal. All Bedouin receive free well-baby care in community-based MCH clinics.Participants:Full-term, normal Bedouin infants (n 5426) born during 2000–2009 and attending computerized MCH clinics who had growth measurements at age 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.Results:At all ages, girls had significantly higher mean HAZ than boys (P< 0·05). Increasing birth year, residence in ES and increasing BW were positively associated with HAZ (P< 0·05) at all ages. In MLRA controlling for birth year, BW and type of settlement, sex still had a significant effect, with lower HAZ among boys at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age (P< 0·001 at all ages).Conclusions:Our results indicated that sex effects on growth faltering can occur in an indigenous population with low socio-economic status within an economically developed country.