bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Sensitivity of MoS2 Nanopores: From Labeling to Labeling‐Free Detection of DNA Methylation
Authors: Zhao Chunxiao , Yang Yibo , Zhao Pinlong , Shi Chongbin , Tan Tianhui , Bai Hongzhen , Feng Jiandong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDNA methylation discrimination is often challenged by complicated pretreatment, insufficient sensitivity, and suboptimal accuracy. Here, single‐molecule readout of DNA methylation is reported using single‐layer MoS2 nanopores. By tuning pore dimension, the sensitivity of MoS2 nanopores is manipulated, empowering both labeling and labeling‐free strategies for DNA methylation discrimination. With methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 1 (MBD1)‐labeled methylated DNA translocation in customized nanopores, multiple methylated sites with distance as short as 70 bp in double strand DNA can be resolved. To further improve spatial resolution, small MoS2 nanopores are engineered with single‐nucleotide sensitivity, realizing labeling‐free methylation detection with single‐nucleotide resolution to recognize two nucleotides with only one methyl difference. This study demonstrates the availability of engineered MoS2 nanopores in DNA methylation detection, underscoring their potential for epigenetic alteration research at the single‐molecule level.
Matrix Effect on a New Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction‐High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detection Method for the Determination of Efavirenz in Human Plasma
Authors: Sichilongo Kwenga , Masenga Wangu , Paganotti Giacomo Maria , Seatla Kaelo K. , Gaseitsiwe Simani 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA high‐performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) method was developed and validated for the determination of efavirenz in human blood plasma samples from patients taking the antiretroviral drug. Results were compared with those previously obtained using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) on the same sample extracts using dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction. Validation of the HPLC‐DAD method yielded the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines acceptable values. However, when validated, the accuracy using the HPLC‐DAD method was poor in contrast to GC/MS at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) level. The linearity of the HPLC‐DAD method was good with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9922. The linear range of the calibration curve was 0.05–0.5 µg/mL. The LLOQ was 0.03 µg/mL at which spike level the accuracy was 8.9% (n = 3) and the precision was 8.3% (n = 3). Statistical analysis of the data showed that there were no systematic errors introduced in the HPLC‐DAD method but that there was a matrix effect that suppressed the signals and led to random error and subsequently impacted the accuracy of the results.
Translanguaging practices in global K‐12 science education settings: A systematic literature review
Authors: Hou Zhenjie , Zhang Jie , JadAllah May , Enriquez‐Andrade Araceli , Tran Hien Thi , Ahmmed Raju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecently, there has been a surge of literature on the implementation of translanguaging pedagogy and practices in science education settings. By activating and validating learners' full communicative repertoire, translanguaging holds promise to build an inclusive science learning community where multilingual learners' ways of knowing are not only respected but celebrated and extended. Drawing from the dual synergy between translanguaging and science education on multimodalities and social justice agenda, this systematic review synthesized the key features of empirical research published from 2010 to 2023 that reported translanguaging practices in global K‐12 formal and informal science education settings. The results indicated high heterogeneity in the studied socio‐geographic landscapes and in the definition, implementation, and implication of translanguaging practices. Analysis of the science sense‐making practices indicates some epistemic practices are more widely represented than others, with marginal global differences observed. To maintain and embolden the synergy between science education and translanguaging, our findings recommend increased collaboration between Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathmatics (STEM) education and bilingual education and collaboration between teachers and researchers to develop an effective translanguaging environment for science learning.
R.A.I.C.E.S. (Roots): A conceptual framework for community‐building that connects linguistic and cultural wealth to support emergent bilinguals
Authors: Diaz Marisol , Cross Chrissy J. , Olson Beal Heather K. , He Yuan , Burrow Lauren E. , Wrigh‐Davis Carrie , Tubbs Darius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProject R.A.I.C.E.S. (Reaching All Individuals and Communities to Establish Success in Language Learning) is a National Professional Development grant initiative operating at Stephen F. Austin State University. Grant objectives were designed to enhance school readiness, English acquisition, and literacy outcomes for emergent bilinguals (EBs), English learners (ELs), and multilingual learners (MLLs) through collaborative professional development events involving university, community, parent, and school district partnerships. The Spanish word raíces translates to roots in English, symbolizing the project's commitment to preserving and nurturing the cultural and linguistic diversity of the community by reframing language learning within an additive paradigm. Project R.A.I.C.E.S. creates paid professional development events to build a community of professors, preservice teachers, in‐service teachers, parents and caregivers of emergent bilingual children, and children in collaborative professional development sessions called academias (academies). Each academia positions all participants, especially parents and caregivers and their children, as key stakeholders and equal partners in the learning process to honor the community's cultural wealth, emphasizing linguistic and cultural sustainability for English language learners in educational settings. Moreover, the academias provide preservice and in‐service teacher professional development and preparation for the TExES ESL certification exam, crucial for better meeting the needs of EBs/ELs/MLLs in rural schools.
A First Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Agricultural Peatlands in Canada: Evaluation of Climate Change Mitigation Potential
Authors: Strack Maria , Bona Kelly Ann , Liang Chang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCanada has a quarter of the world's peatlands accounting for an estimated 150 Gt of stored carbon. While over 98% of Canadian peatlands are intact, agriculture has been estimated as accounting for the greatest peatland disturbance by area. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatland agriculture can contribute a large proportion of national anthropogenic emissions for some countries. In Canada, estimates of GHG emissions from cultivated peat soils are incomplete. Improved accounting of these GHG emissions is required to inform decisions about where to deploy ecological restoration projects and where to allow future agricultural expansion as climate warms. Compiled studies that measured GHG fluxes from agricultural peat fields in Canada resulted in mean emissions factors of 5.1 t CO2e ha−1 year−1, −0.12 kg CH4 ha−1 year−1, and 14.3 kg N2O‐N ha−1 year−1 for carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, respectively. Combining these values with a compilation of estimates of agricultural peatland disturbance area in Canada, GHG emissions estimates in Canada arising from peatland converted to agriculture remain highly uncertain, ranging from 1.4 to 35 Mt CO2e year−1, with a median value near 18 Mt CO2e year−1. The largest contributor to this wide range of estimates is uncertainty peatland area affected, indicating an urgent need to improving mapping of organic soils under agriculture in Canada. To help guide decision‐making in Canada, we recommend a network of research stations across a range of agricultural management intensities and climate regions for monitoring hydrological conditions and GHG exchange on organic soils affected by agriculture.
Role of unilateral‐cannulating adrenal venous sampling for the subtyping of primary aldosteronism for adrenalectomy: Experience from a low‐volume center
Authors: Chow Chi‐Man Tom , Lai Man Sze Carol , Lo Xina , Liu Yuk Wah Shirley 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend adrenal venous sampling (AVS) for subtyping primary aldosteronism (PA). However, bilateral adrenal cannulation failure is common especially at low‐volume centers. The role of unilateral‐cannulating AVS in selecting patients for unilateral adrenalectomy is unclear.MethodsFifty consecutive patients underwent AVS between 2009 and 2023 and thirty‐three (66%) underwent unilateral adrenalectomy. We defined unilateral PA (uPA) by the normalized plasma aldosterone and the aldosterone–renin ratio following unilateral adrenalectomy. We examined the effectiveness of unilateral‐cannulating AVS in identifying uPA.Results88%, 50%, and 48% of patients had the left, right, and bilateral adrenal veins successfully cannulated, respectively. Among patients with bilateral successful cannulation, a lateralization index (LI) > 4 provided a sensitivity of 100% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 86.7% for uPA. Thresholds for the contralateral suppression index (CSI) and relative aldosterone secretion index (RASI) were derived from this subgroup and applied to the entire cohort. CSI <0.5 demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.5% and PPV of 92.9% for uPA, whereas RASI >2.4 showed a sensitivity of 85.0% and PPV of 94.4% for uPA. With CSI <0.5 or RASI >2.4 combined, a higher PPV (95.5%) was achieved when compared to computed tomography and iodocholesterol scintigraphy (86.2% and 62.5%, respectively).ConclusionDespite unsuccessful bilateral cannulation, our study confirms that unilateral‐cannulating AVS can effectively select patients for unilateral adrenalectomy based on a combination of CSI or RASI criteria.
The Golden Approach of Trauma. Welche Blutprodukte werden zur Optimierung der präklinischen Traumaversorgung benötigt?
Authors: Bamberg Maximilian Lothar , Grasshoff Christian , Gerstner Jessica , Boos Matthias Fabian , Bentele Michael , Viergutz Tim , Fontana Johann , Rosenberger Peter , Wunderlich Robert 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die „Golden Hour of Trauma“ bezeichnet die kritische erste Stunde nach einem schweren Trauma, in der eine rechtzeitige medizinische Versorgung entscheidend ist. Diese Studie fokussiert sich auf die Optimierung der Traumaversorgung durch an die jeweilige Verletzung angepasste Behandlungen statt nur auf die Geschwindigkeit der Versorgung. Ziel war es, den Verbesserungsbedarf der präklinischen Traumaversorgung, insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Blut- und Gerinnungsprodukten, zu erfassen.

Methoden
Ein Online-Fragebogen wurde nach Pilotierung an Ärztinnen und Ärzte sowie Rettungsdienstpersonal gesendet, um deren Einschätzungen zur Traumaversorgung und speziell zur Nutzung von Blutprodukten und Gerinnungspräparaten zu erheben. Die Bewertung von 9 spezifischen Blut- und Gerinnungsprodukten erfolgte mittels einer 5‑stufigen Likert-Skala.

Ergebnisse
Von 9837 erreichten Personen beantworteten 371 den Fragebogen, wobei Daten von 252 Personen in die Analyse einflossen. Die Mehrheit der Ärztinnen und Ärzte (89,1 %) sowie des Rettungsdienstpersonals (90,8 %) sah die Notwendigkeit, die präklinische Traumaversorgung durch den Einsatz von Blutprodukten und Gerinnungspräparaten zu verbessern. Besonders befürwortet wurden Erythrozytenkonzentrat (76,2 %) und Fibrinogen (67,1 %) zur Verbesserung der Überlebenschancen bei erheblichem Blutverlust.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Bereitschaft zur Änderung der Traumaversorgung und bestätigen effiziente Möglichkeiten hierzu. Der Schwerpunkt verlagert sich von der isolierten Zeitkomponente hin zur Qualität der Versorgung in einem optimierten Zeitintervall, was zu einem „Golden Approach of Trauma“ führen könnte.
RIDGE: Reproducibility, Integrity, Dependability, Generalizability, and Efficiency Assessment of Medical Image Segmentation Models
Authors: Maleki Farhad , Moy Linda , Forghani Reza , Ghosh Tapotosh , Ovens Katie , Langer Steve , Rouzrokh Pouria , Khosravi Bardia , Ganjizadeh Ali , Warren Daniel , Daneshjou Roxana , Moassefi Mana , Avval Atlas Haddadi , Sotardi Susan , Tenenholtz Neil , Kitamura Felipe , Kline Timothy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeep learning techniques hold immense promise for advancing medical image analysis, particularly in tasks like image segmentation, where precise annotation of regions or volumes of interest within medical images is crucial but manually laborious and prone to interobserver and intraobserver biases. As such, deep learning approaches could provide automated solutions for such applications. However, the potential of these techniques is often undermined by challenges in reproducibility and generalizability, which are key barriers to their clinical adoption. This paper introduces the RIDGE checklist, a comprehensive framework designed to assess the Reproducibility, Integrity, Dependability, Generalizability, and Efficiency of deep learning-based medical image segmentation models. The RIDGE checklist is not just a tool for evaluation but also a guideline for researchers striving to improve the quality and transparency of their work. By adhering to the principles outlined in the RIDGE checklist, researchers can ensure that their developed segmentation models are robust, scientifically valid, and applicable in a clinical setting.
Medicalization without legalization: the European policy for medical and recreational cannabis use
Authors: Farber Yair , Nir Oksana , Farber Shai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aim
Cannabis, unlike other illicit drugs, possesses medical properties. This unique characteristic necessitates a distinction between its clinical and legal status, prompting an inquiry into the nature of the relationship between these two dimensions. Countries are adopting one of three clinical policies regarding medical use (opposition, pharmaceuticalization, and medicalization) and one of three legal regimes regarding recreational use (prohibition, decriminalization, and legalization). This study examines the correlation between the clinical policy and the legal regime for cannabis in European countries.

Subject and methods
We used data from 39 European countries to classify every country’s clinical policy and legal regime. Then, we employed chi-squared and Spearman correlation tests to assess the relationships between the clinical and legal dimensions.

Results
The chi-squared test results indicate a strong and statistically significant relationship between the clinical policy for cannabis and the legal regime for recreational cannabis (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation test results also reveal a positive, strong, and significant relationship (p < 0.001). We found that medicalization as a clinical policy is associated with decriminalization as a legal regime (68% of medicalization countries decriminalize recreational use).

Conclusion
This study proposes a novel perspective that separates the concepts of medicalization and legalization, challenging previous assumptions about their interconnectedness. We argue that medicalization and decriminalization of cannabis are closely associated, likely because decriminalization facilitates patient access and fosters a medical cannabis market while avoiding the extremes of prohibition or full-scale legalization. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cannabis policy development in Europe and suggest that policymakers should consider the complex interplay between clinical and legal approaches when formulating cannabis policies. This research provides valuable insights for future policy discussions and highlights the need for further investigation into the long-term implications of these policy choices.
Epidemiology of motor vehicle accident-associated ocular trauma
Authors: Bhatnagar Nishay V. , Uppuluri Aditya , Bhagat Neelakshi , Langer Paul D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The objective is to investigate trends in cases of motor vehicle accident-associated (MVA-associated) ocular trauma in which the patient was the driver of the motor vehicle.

Methods
The study utilizes data from the 2007–2014 National Trauma Databank (NTDB), a national trauma registry. Status as the driver of the motor vehicle was identified using E-Codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM). Trauma diagnoses were identified using D-Codes from the ICD-9-CM. Statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Version 23.

Results
We identified 49,660 cases of ocular trauma secondary to an MVA with a 25.3% increase in injuries over the 8-year time period. Men comprised 68.6% (34,057) of cases. Orbital floor fractures (OFFs) were the most commonly observed ocular injury, occurring in 17,647 (35.5%) cases. There were 2,787 cases of open globe injury (OGI) with the highest proportion of cases in the 65 + age group (6.5%). OGIs were seen in 3.0% of cases with OFFs vs. 7.1% in those without. Drivers under 18 were more likely to have optic pathway/cranial nerve injuries (4.4%) and ocular/adnexal contusions (41.2%) than adult drivers. The mortality rate was 4.3% and was highest in the 65 + age group (9.4%).

Conclusion
Men and young adults comprised the majority of cases of MVA-associated ocular trauma. OFFs were seen in approximately one-third of cases of ocular trauma. OGIs were less commonly observed when a concurrent OFF was observed. Though the overall mortality was 4.3%, there was significant variation by age group.
Review of Thymic Peptides and Hormones: From Their Properties to Clinical Application
Authors: Besman Monika , Zambrowicz Aleksandra , Matwiejczyk Magdalena 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The thymus is the main lymphoid organ that regulates the functions of the immune system, protecting against pathogens, tumors, antigens, and mediators of tissue damage. It produces a family of hormone-like peptides that can modulate physiological processes such as stimulation or suppression of immune responses, angiogenesis, and wound healing.

Objective
This review aims to comprehensively characterize the properties of thymic peptides and their clinical applications.

Methodology
This article discusses the structure, biological properties, mechanism of action, and therapeutic applications of the most important thymic hormones (thymosin alpha 1, thymosin beta-4, thymulin, and thymopoietin), as well as preparations that are purified thymic extracts.

Results
Thymic peptides and extracts act in multiple manners on the immune system: they stimulate the differentiation and maturation of T cells, regulate the activity of natural killer cells and dendritic cells, and induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and their immunomodulatory effects have been confirmed in numerous clinical studies. An important feature of thymus preparations is their therapeutic safety—even long-term use does not cause side effects.

Conclusions
A wide range of therapeutic uses, i.e., from defensive and immunomodulatory tasks to participation in tissue regeneration processes, has led to the use of thymic peptides in the treatment of neoplastic diseases, viral infections, autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiencies. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of thymic peptides may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Diacerein ameliorates thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats via modulation of TLR4/AQP4/MMP-9 axis
Authors: Abd Elrazik Nesma A. , Abd El Salam Al Shaima G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Astrocyte swelling, blood brain barrier (BBB) dissipation and the subsequent brain edema are serious consequences of persistent hyperammonemia in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in which if inadequately controlled it will lead to brain death. The current study highlights the potential neuroprotective effect of diacerein against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced HE in acute liver failure rat model. HE was induced in male Sprague–Dawley rats via I.P. injection of TAA (200 mg/kg) for three alternative times/week at 3rd week of the experiment. Diacerein (50 mg/kg) was gavaged for 14 days prior to induction of HE and for further 7 days together with TAA injection for an overall period of 21 days. Diacerein attenuated TAA-induced HE in acute liver failure rat model; as proofed by significant lowering of serum and brain ammonia concentrations, serum AST and ALT activities and significant attenuation of both brain and hepatic MDA contents and IL-1β with marked increases in GSH contents (P < 0.0001). The neuroprotective effect of diacerein was demonstrated by marked improvement of motor and cognitive deficits, brain histopathological changes; hallmarks of HE. As shown by immunohistochemical results, diacerein markedly downregulated brain TLR4 expression which in turn significantly increased the GFAP expression, and significantly decreased AQP4 expression; the astrocytes swelling biomarkers (P < 0.0001). Moreover, diacerein preserved BBB integrity via downregulation of MMP-9 mediated digestion of tight junction proteins such as occludin (P < 0.0001). Collectively, diacerein ameliorated cerebral edema and maintained BBB integrity via modulation of TLR4/AQP4/MMP-9 axis thus may decrease the progression of HE induced in acute liver failure.
pH-responsive AIE nanogels for synergistic chemo-photodynamic cancer therapy with imaging guidance
Authors: Zhu Yilin , Zhang Liping , Zhang Rongyuan , He Chenghan , Yang Han , Liu Yong , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Sun Jianwei , Feng Jing , Zhao Zheng , Yao Cuiping , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment that uses photosensitizers (PSs) to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light, but improving its efficacy is crucial for clinical applications. To address this, we propose a smart nanoplatform (P@BAO-DOX) for synergistic chemo-photodynamic therapy, featuring efficient PDT, controllable drug release, and fluorescence imaging guidance. We designed an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based PS (BAO) with effective ROS generation and NIR-II fluorescence. Additionally, BAO as a PS and doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemo drug were encapsulated in pH-responsive nanogels (PNA) to obtain P@BAO-DOX nanogels. Upon uptake by tumor cells, the nanogel releases drugs in acidic conditions, leading to cell death. White light irradiation further triggers BAO to produce substantial ROS, enhancing phototoxicity and synergistic chemo-PDT cancer therapy. Thus, P@BAO-DOX nanogels, as a smart nanoplatform, offer precise drug release and efficient ROS generation for imaging-guided chemo-PDT synergistic therapy, showing promise in advancing cancer treatment.