bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apollo as a Precedent to the Coinage of Sol Invictus
Authors: Yarza Lorenzo Pérez 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The purpose of this paper is to produce an approach to Sol through Numismatics. I intend to point out the possible correspondences existing between the god Sol, referred to as Sol Invictus in historiography,1 and Apollo. While the solar facet of Phoebus Apollo is well known, to what extent he exerted an influence over Sol Invictus has yet to be elucidated. Comparing types and chronologies plus describing correspondences between the two gods in an homogeneous process may actually constitute a different approach. Three aspects will be taken into consideration: iconography exchange, the chronological relationship and the propagandistic function of coin legends. The aim is to incorporate the knowledge thus gained into a critical analysis of Sol in the 3rd century.
The Ritual Presentation of Symbols of Divinity: Power in the Isiac and Mithraic Mysteries
Authors: Freyburger Gérard 
Published: September 2019

Summary
One of the most important moments in the Isiac and Mithraic mysteries is certainly that which involves the ritual presentation to the initiates of a symbol which served to explain the essence of the divinity. For the Isiac cult, we have the benefit of the famous Herculanum fresco where a priest is shown presenting, in a very ritual context, a sacred urn, doubtless containing Nile water, the very symbol of Isis. As for the Mithraic cult, we have a by no means less famous source: the text of St. Justin the Martyr which indicates that holy water and bread were shown. Our paper will analyse these two vital source documents and seek to establish, in so far as is possible, the theological content of these acts, as much by reference to the highest degree of initiation into the Mysteries of Eleusis as by consideration of the offering of bread and wine in the Christian eucharist.
‘Foreign’ Cults at Rome at the Turn of the Principate
Authors: Poletti Beatrice 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Augustus' approach to cults of foreign origins has recently undergone much reconsideration. Until the late 20th century, scholars largely regarded the emperor's religious policies as deeply conservative, maintaining that Augustus was mostly preoccupied with the ‘restoration’ of ancient Italian religion and discouraged the worship of foreign gods. In the last three decades, however, scholars have identified a rather different trend, noticing, in fact, Augustus' openness towards the ‘foreign’. In this paper, I explore Augustus' position about ‘foreign’ rites that were highly popular in contemporary Rome, and specifically, the Eleusinian Mysteries, the Egyptian rites, the cult of Mater Magna, and the cult of Apollo (although, as I clarify below, the last one cannot be strictly labeled as ‘foreign’). I offer a survey of ancient literary sources – giving an interpretation of them as comprehensive as possible considering the nature of this contribution – and argue that Augustus was not only receptive of ‘foreign’ practices but was also able to shape the ‘foreign’ to his own advantage and self-promotion, transforming it into a vital feature of the new imperial reality.
Sacrificing – Feasting – Cursing
Authors: Koch Pirmin 
Published: September 2019

Summary
During rescue excavations between 2009 and 2013 carried out at the periphery of the vicus at Kempraten (municipality of Rapperswil-Jona, St. Gallen, Switzerland) a Gallo-Roman sanctuary, dating from the second quarter of the 2nd to the end of the 3rd century AD, was unearthed. The excavation included intense sampling for geoarchaeology and archaeobiology, which prompted the Archaeology Department of Canton St. Gall (KASG) to launch an interdisciplinary project. Four curse tablets attest to the cult of Magna Mater in the sanctuary at Kempraten.
This paper presents the first results of the interdisciplinary study and compares them to the Magna Mater sanctuary at Mainz (Germany), focusing on 1. the layout of the sanctuary, 2. sacrificing, 3. feastings and 4. cursing. The comparison between both sites showed that there was no strict setting of rituals in the cult of Magna Mater, but the importance of cursing and of burnt sacrifices is characteristic for both sites. Summing up: The temple precinct at Kempraten had a specific setting, which showed on one hand local and regional influences, for instance in terms of the temple architecture and the choice of food offerings. On the other hand, distinct differences between the Kempraten sanctuary and local Gallo-Roman sanctuaries can be observed, for instance in relation to cursing, the composition and the importance of the burnt offerings.
Specific Aspects of Mithraism in Etruria and Umbria
Authors: Rivera Rebeca Rubio 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The Mithraic evidence in Etruria and Umbria – VII and VI Regiones – presents some particular features of great interest, not only because they contribute to enlarging our knowledge regarding the extent of the diffusion of Mithraism in these regions, but also as regards the general study of the cult itself and the comprehension of certain facets of the cultic implantation patterns within the religious communities.
The epigraphic corpus of Mithraism in Umbria provides valuable information concerning some grades of initiation and Mithraic priesthood, highlighting the specificity of this religion. The importance of such information transcends what we know about the local level, by revealing details about the functioning of the cult in general, especially regarding the degree of Leo and some variants of the priesthood, which are poorly documented elsewhere in the Roman Empire.
In addition, the discovery of Mithraea, Mithraic images and other archaeological evidence in Etruria and Umbria provides a picture that shows an important spread of the worship in the private context, i.e., both domus and villae, with examples as relevant as Vulci and Spoletium. Further ahead, the prevalence of astral components in the material evidence also suggests a strong preference among local devotees of Mithras of higher social status for the cosmological aspects of their religion.
Adonis and Augustan Poets
Authors: Gagliardi Paola 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Adonis presents a special case of Romans' wide interest in Eastern religions during the Augustan age: he was brought to Rome by poets, and for this reason his ‘existence’ in Latin culture was exclusively literary. His worship never had the same importance as in Hellenistic Egypt, but the pathos of this figure, and his story of love and death aroused the interest of the elegiac poets, in particular, who used his exemplum to illustrate certain τόποι of their genre and to emphasize the originality of their poetry. Through the analysis of his treatment in Propertius and in Ovid a series of reflections on elegy's nature and sense can be reconstructed in an interesting dialogue between the two poets.
A Newly Discovered Mithraeum at Ostia
Authors: David Massimiliano 
Published: September 2019

Summary
In 2014, during the archaeological investigations carried out by the University of Bologna (Department of History and Cultures – Section of Archaeology), within the Ostia Marina Project, in the suburban neighborhood out of Porta Marina (block IV, ix), a new building has been found with outstanding Mithraic features. The building, for the special type of the marble floor of the spelaeum, has been conventionally called the “Mithraeum of colored marbles”. The spelaeum has a single bench, a ritual well and a flowerbed for a sacred plant. It differs clearly both in form and size from the typical patterns of the mithraea discovered until now in ancient Ostia. On the basis of the currently available data, a very late chronology (end of 4th century AD) can be proposed for the building.
The So-called “Mithraic Cave” of Angera
Authors: De Togni Stefano 
Published: September 2019

Summary
The existence of a mithraeum at Angera (VA, Italy) was assumed for the first time in the 19th century, after the discovery of two Mithraic inscriptions re-used as ornaments of a private garden in the middle of the small town. The location of the alleged mithraeum is still uncertain: the inscriptions have been found out of context, and the place of worship has never been localized.
The “Antro mitraico” (Mithraic Cave), also known as “Tana del Lupo”, is a natural cave situated at the base of the East wall of the cliff on which the Rocca Borromeo (the Castle of Angera) stands. At the cave the most visible archaeological evidences are tens of breaches cut into the outside rocky wall, which probably contained votive inscriptions or stele. These elements denote the use of the cave as a place of worship.
In 1868 Biondelli identified in the cave the location of a Mithraic cult, giving rise to a theory that continues still today. If, on the one hand, the proposal appeared plausible, there is no clear evidence that in the cave a mithraeum was ever set up; besides, the presence of many an ex voto is in conflict with the mysteric ritual practices. This paper is intended to present an analytical study of the monument, with a broader inquiry on the characteristics of mithraea and other sanctuaries within natural caves.
Andrew R.H. Thompson, 'Sacred Mountains: A Christian Ethical Approach to Mountaintop Removal'
Authors: Nichols Amanda 
Published: September 2019

Andrew R.H. Thompson, Sacred Mountains: A Christian Ethical Approach to Mountaintop
Removal (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2015), x +193 pp., $60.00 (cloth),
ISBN: 978-0-8131-6599-8.
Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann, and Marcus Vogt (eds.), 'Religion in the Anthropocene'
Authors: Hogue Michael 
Published: September 2019

Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann, and Marcus Vogt (eds.), Religion in the
Anthropocene (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2017), xxiii + 338 pp., $42 (pbk), ISBN: 9781498291910.
Liselotte Frisk and Peter Åkerbäck, '?New Religiosity in Contemporary Sweden?:? The Dalarna Study in National and International Context?'
Authors: Gregorius Fredrik 
Published: September 2019

Liselotte Frisk and Peter Åkerbäck,? New Religiosity in Contemporary Sweden?:? The Dalarna Study in National and International Context? (London: Equinox, 2015), 256 pp., $80.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-1781791172.
RESENHA - A Carta, o abismo, o beijo
Authors: Silva Wagner Ribeiro 
Published: September 2019

Logo ao folhear o livro A carta, o abismo, o beijo, de Norval Baitello Junior, professor da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, o que chama atenção é o cuidado em adequar conteúdo e forma. A escolha do gênero epistolar-ensaístico é certeira: conduz o leitor com leveza pelos sinuosos caminhos da comunicação. Tem-se nesta obra um autor maduro e confiante, conhecedor da feliz metáfora criada por Deleuze e Guattari: “as cartas são um rizoma, uma rede, uma teia de aranha” (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 2002, p. 59).
Analisis Propagasi Gelombang Radio HF Mode Angkasa untuk Kegiatan Patroli Laut Bea Cukai
Authors: Dear Varuliantor , Mardiani Annis Siradj , Santoso Harpan Budi , Wikantho Gatot 
Published: September 2019

AbstrakMakalah ini membahas tentang hasil analisis propagasi gelombang radio pada spektrum HF (High Frequency; 3–30 MHz) menggunakan mode angkasa (skywave propagation) yang ditujukan untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi frekuensi kerja (fc) bagi kegiatan patroli laut Bea Cukai. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 5 rekomendasi rentang frekuensi kerja, yakni 2,170–2,194 MHz, 4,000–4,063 MHz, 8,100–8,815 MHz, 12,230–13,200 MHz, dan 16,360–17,410 MHz. Rentang frekuensi 2,170–2,194 MHz diperuntukkan bagi penggunaan malam hari, baik untuk komunikasi antara Pangkalan Sarana Operasi (PSO) dengan kapal patroli maupun komunikasi antar-PSO. Rentang frekuensi 4,000–4,063 MHz diperuntukkan bagi komunikasi antara PSO dengan kapal patroli pada siang hari serta untuk komunikasi antar-PSO di malam hari. Rentang frekuensi 8,100–8,815 MHz hanya diperuntukkan bagi komunikasi antara PSO dengan kapal patroli pada siang hari. Sedangkan frekuensi 12,230–13,200 MHz dan 16,360–17,410 MHz diperuntukkan bagi komunikasi antar-PSO dengan jarak antara 1.000 km hingga 2.000 km dan jarak lebih dari 2.000 km pada siang hari. Frekuensi yang telah diperoleh dapat diterapkan untuk kegiatan operasional dengan menggunakan manajemen frekuensi yang bersifat manual atau dengan menggunakan sistem Automatic Link Establishment (ALE). Abstract This paper discusses the results of radio wave propagation analysis in HF spectrum (High Frequency; 3–30 MHz) using skywave propagation mode aimed to obtain recommendations for working frequency (fc) for operational activities of Customs and Excise (DJBC) Marine Patrol. The result shows that there are 5 working frequency range recommendations, i.e. 2.170–2.194 MHz, 4.000–4.063 MHz, 8.100–8.815 MHz, 12.230–13.200 MHz, and 16.360–17.410 MHz. Frequency range of 2.170–2.194 MHz is intended for night operation, both for communication between Operation Facility Base (PSO) and Patrol Boats and communication between each PSO. Frequency range of 4.000–4.063 MHz is intended for communication between PSO and Patrol Boats during daytime and for communication between PSOs at nighttime. The frequency range of 8.100– 8.815 MHz is only intended for communication between PSO and patrol boats in daytime, while the frequency ranges of 12.230–13.200 MHz and 16.360– 17.410 MHz are for communication between PSOs within 1,000—2,000 km and daytime communication with distance more than 2,000 km. The frequency obtained then can be used for operational communication activities, whether by manual frequency management methods or automatic methods such as Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) system.
Influence of Process Methods on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Curcumin Analogs Synthesized from Culilawan Oil in Mice (Mus musculus L.) with CCl₄ Induced Liver Damage
Authors: Kapelle Imanuel B. D. , Manalu Wasmen , Mainassy Meillisa C. 
Published: September 2019

One of the downstream products which can be synthesized from culilawan oil is an analog curcumin compound (AKS) with a dioxolane ring. AKS products can be synthesized using conventional and microwave methods. The method of synthesis can influence physical properties, compound geometry, and pharmacological effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the processing method on the hepatoprotective ability of AKS, and to determine a protective dose. AKS was synthesized using insulated safrole compounds from Lawang oil and involved isomerization, oxidation, and aldol condensation of curcumin analogues. At the final stage of the analog curcumin synthesis process, 2 different methods were employed: the conventional method heated the chemical in a water bath at 30 °C for 3 hours, the microwave method heated the chemical using 140 watts of power for 2 minutes. Analogs were tested in vivo in mice (Mus musculus L.) with CCl₄ induced liver damage. Hepatoprotective efficacy of AKS products processed by the conventional method and the microwave method were compared using histology and liver enzyme (AST and ALT) assessment. Animals treated with conventionally produced AKS products had lower AST and lower ALT levels—and fewer histological signs of liver damage at a lower dose of AKS—than seen in either untreated animals or those treated with microwave produced AKS. Thus, products that are processed by conventional methods are more hepatoprotective.
The NBN Futures Forum
Authors: Campbell Leith H , Milner Murray 
Published: September 2019

On 31 July 2019, TelSoc held an NBN Futures Forum in Melbourne to outline possible future ownership options for Australia’s National Broadband Network (NBN). Following an introduction to the objectives of the forum, four speakers outlined various options for future ownership of the NBN and identified pros and cons for these options. Then the floor was opened for questions from both the local and the wider virtual audience. The resulting conversation provided a useful insight into the range of social, economic, technical and policy issues that need to be considered in order to reach a balanced and properly informed view on the most appropriate future ownership model for the NBN.
Thrombocytopenia in children 2 months to 12 years of age admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: R. Jegan Murugan , V. Manivannan 
Published: September 2019

Background: To assess the etiology, clinical profile, complications, outcome and prognosis of children admitted in the paediatric ICU with thrombocytopeniaMethods: This study was done on children admitted to the paediatric ICU of Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital during the period from December 2011 to April 2012. 112 consecutive patients aged 2 months to 12 years with platelet counts less than 1 lakh were studied.Results: One in 6.25 children admitted in the paediatric ICU developed thrombocytopenia(15.95%incidence).The commonest age group of presentation of is 6-10 years(47.3%).Infants(45.5%) died more. Dengue(58.8%) was the commonest etiology, followed by enteric fever(11.6%), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all 4.5%), septicemia(4.5%), plasmodium vivax malaria (2.7%). Leading cause of mortality is dengue shock syndrome(DSS 44.4%). The most common presenting symptom among the study group is fever(95.5%). Abdominal distension and pedal edema were significantly associated with low platelet counts, bleeding manifestations, increased transfusion needs and a poor outcome. The presence of Altered sensorium, tachycardia, tachypnea, shock, seizures at presentation were all associated with significant bleeding and high mortality. Gastrointestinal bleed(41.07%) was the commonest bleeding manifestation. There was no significant correlation between the exact platelet counts and the bleeding. Children with counts less than 10,000 had a poor outcome.(57.1% mortality). Gall bladder wall edema and pleural effusion in Ultrasound correlate significantly with bleeding.Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia is common in sick children in paediatric ICU and has a definite bearing on prognosis. Infants have poor prognosis and need intensive monitoring. Mortality predictors, if present, need aggressive management. There is no role for prophylactic transfusions, as platelet counts do not correlate with bleeding.
Application of six sigma metrics and method decision charts in improvising clinical Chemistry laboratory performance enhancement
Authors: Aggarwal Kavita , Patra Saurav , Acharya Viyatprajna , Agrawal Mahesh , Mahapatra Sri Krushna 
Published: September 2019

Background: Six sigma is a powerful tool which can be used by laboratories for assessing the method quality, optimizing Quality Control (QC) procedure, change the number of rules applied, and frequency of controls run .The aim of this study was to quantify the defects or errors in the analytical phase of laboratory testing by sigma metrics and then represent the sigma value in Method Decision Chart.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, India. The clinical chemistry laboratory has been NABL accredited for the past 5 years and strictly quality checked. Internal and external quality control data was collected for a period of six months from January - June 2018 for 20 biochemical analytes. Sigma metrics for each parameter was calculated and plotted on method decision chart.Results: The sigma metrics for level 2 indicated that 6 out of the 20 analytes qualified Six Sigma quality performance. Of these seven analytes failed to meet minimum sigma quality performance with metrics less than three and another seven analytes performance with sigma metrics was between three and six. For level 3, the data collected indicated that seven out of 20 analytes qualified Six Sigma quality performance, six analytes had sigma metrics less than 3 and seven analytes had sigma metrics between 3 and 6.Conclusion: In our study Sigma value was highest for amylase and lowest for potassium. Use of alternative methods and/ or change of reagents can be done for potassium to bring the sigma value within an acceptable range.
La tentación diabólica de instruirse. Reflexiones a propósito de la educación lectora y literaria.
Authors: Ballester Josep , Ibarra Noelia 
Published: September 2019

A partir de las palabras de Voltaire, los autores analizan con rigor el concepto de lectura y sus diferentes implicaciones en el marco de la educación literaria y lectora, como también sus peligros, contradicciones y paradojas. En este sentido, se revisan de forma crítica los actuales planteamientos de la didáctica de la literatura contemporánea respecto a la formación de lectores y se cuestionan determinados lugares comunes, prácticas y estrategias presentes en el fomento lector. Asimismo, se profundiza en diferentes conceptos clave como la figura del lector, los hábitos de lectura de la población española y sus principales indicadores de medida así como su contraste con otros sectores, la eclosión del libro digital y su relación con el libro impreso, o la competencia lectora y literaria.
Staircase-Like Crack Progression Due to Hydrogen Embrittlement of Cold-Worked Steel Strand
Authors: Fernandez Joseph Rogelio 
Published: September 2019

<p>Stressed carbon steel strand in an ungrouted duct susceptibility to pitting corrosion is low due to surface corrosion, but susceptibility of steel strand to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) can increase under those conditions.</p><p> </p><p>The HE will facilitate crack growth within the strand. Various crack propagation mechanisms, such as longitudinal splitting and shear-cracking, have been shown as possible strand failure mechanisms by themselves in strand, but this may not be true in stressed strand in piles that has been embrittled by Hydrogen and without pre-cracking (Cracks initiating from stress concentrations naturally rather than with notching). Concentration measurements were performed to determine the level of Hydrogen involved in the embrittlement.</p><p> </p><p>Results indicate that the fracture mechanism differs from shear cracking or longitudinal splitting alone as previously shown, but is a multi-step process of crack propagation starting perpendicular to stress, followed by variations of inter-lamellae longitudinal splitting at brittle region of lamellae and shear cracking at breaks in the lamellae. This process results in the crack following a “staircase” progression, and finally leading to ductile overload once cross-section has been significantly reduced. This fracture mechanism was also shown to be valid whether the strand was stressed by bending or mult-axially by stressing through a duct.</p>
New Technology of Making NdFeB by Sintering
Authors: Zhu Xiaofen 
Published: September 2019

<p>Sintered NdFeB as a third-generation rare earth permanent magnet material, has been in rapid development since 1980’s due to its broad industrial applications and high electromagnetic performance. Sintered NdFeB metal materials can easily be oxidized, so future efforts to improve their antioxidative stability are required and the study of new manufacturing technology and new technology is necessary. At present, the traditional technology of sintering NdFeB is discussed, together with the processing technology of powder preparation, hydroforming and vacuum sintering. The article focuses on the milling and forming process, including the traditional ball mill to hydrogen explosion, air grinding powder, and dry magnetic ﬁeld molding to wet pressure magnetic ﬁeld oriented molding, to prevent the production process of oxidation, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic properties and their anti-corrosion antioxidant capacity. During the NdFeB sintering process, content of oxygen is regulated to control the phase change. As a result, electromagnetic properties of sintered NdFeB obtained a qualitative leap. </p>