bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New leaf and fruit disease of Juglans regia caused by Juglanconis juglandina in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ma Rong , Ye Shuanghua , Zhao Ying , Michailides Themis J. , Tian Chengming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJuglans regia L. is an important and scarce natural resource that grows in the part of the western Tianshan Mountains and the Pamir Alai Mountains in Central Asia. They only distribute in Gongliu County, Yili, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China. However, the healthy growth of J. regia was seriously affected by a fungal disease affecting leaves, branches and fruit in 2016. Sixty isolates were obtained from diseased branches, leaves and fruit collected. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by inoculating shoots and fruit collected from healthy J. regia in Gongliu County and by inoculating the leaves of J. regia seedlings. The pathogen was re‐isolated from all inoculated shoots, leaves and fruits, thereby fulfilling Koch's postulates. Furthermore, isolates from leaves were able to infect fruit and shoots and vice versa. The isolate 1429‐1 was more pathogenic to the branches than HG and HY, no significant difference between the other isolates from leaves and fruits. Based on morphological, cultural characteristics and multilocus analyses using the internal transcribed spacer region, the RNA polymerase II subunit 2 gene, the calmodulin gene, the guanine nucleotide‐binding protein subunit beta gene, the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha gene and the β‐tubulin gene sequences, the fungus was identified as Juglanconis juglandina. Although J. juglandina has been reported previously as the causal agent of stem disease, this is the first description of J. juglandina as the causal agent of a leaf and fruit disease of J. regia.
Association between decrease in frequency of going out and oral function in older adults living in major urban areas
Authors: Mikami Yurie , Watanabe Yutaka , Motokawa Keiko , Shirobe Maki , Motohashi Yoshiko , Edahiro Ayako , Nakajima Junko , Osuka Yosuke , Inagaki Hiroki , Fujiwara Yoshinori , Shinkai Shoji , Awata Shuichi 
Published: July 2019

AimTo examine the association between a decrease in the frequency of going out and oral function in independent older adults living in the urban area of Tokyo.MethodsThe participants analyzed were 785 older adults from the “Takashimadaira Study” (344 men and 441 women, age 77.0 ± 4.6 years). This study investigated the following items: decrease in frequency of going out; basic characteristics (sex, age); physical factors, such as oral function (difficulty chewing, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth); body pain; the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence; physical activities; psychological factors, such as the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 score; and social and environmental factors, such as the presence or absence of participation in organization activities.ResultsTo investigate the factors associated with a decrease in frequency of going out, logistic regression analysis showed an association with age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13), difficulty chewing (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.52–3.83), dry mouth (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07–2.64), body pain (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.14–2.78), Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence scores (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99), physical activities (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 scores (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05–1.21) and organization activities (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.22–3.07). Covariance structural analyses showed that both “difficulty chewing” and “dry mouth” significantly affected “decrease in frequency of going out.” In addition, decrease in frequency of going out was significantly affected by “ Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 scores” through oral function.ConclusionsThe relationship between oral function and decrease in frequency of going out was clarified, after the multifaceted factors were adjusted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 792–797.
Heterogeneity in the local employment multipliers in the United States
Authors: Osei Michael J. , Sengupta Shruti 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies have found evidence of a local employment multiplier’s effect. For the most part, these studies provide an average estimate for all labor markets. In this paper, we examine how the average local employment multiplier, the effect of an exogenous increase in employment in the tradable sector on total employment, depends on the characteristics of the local labor market. Specifically, we estimate the average multipliers for coastal, noncoastal, large, and small metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) across different time periods using the data of 333 US MSAs. Overall, we find a reduced form of local employment multiplier ranging from 1.38 to 2.24, which is within the range of typically estimated local employment multipliers. In addition, the characteristics of the local labor market matter. The local multipliers appear larger in noncoastal and large MSAs. For small and coastal metros, the multiplier is closer to 1.5 than to 2.0 while in the case of large and noncoastal metros, it is closer to 2.0 than to 1.5. The local multipliers are also sensitive to the time period considered.
Peri‐implant tissue management after immediate implant placement using a customized healing abutment
Authors: Ruales‐Carrera Edwin , Pauletto Patrícia , Apaza‐Bedoya Karin , Volpato Claudia A. M. , Özcan Mutlu , Benfatti César A. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe unavoidable extraction of teeth in the esthetic area can be overcome through different treatment modalities. Recently, immediate implants appeared as a minimally invasive approach to resolving these cases; however, immediate implant loading is not always possible or indicated. In these cases, an innovative approach through customized healing abutments could be used to preserve the soft tissue contour, eliminating the need for reopening surgery and the use of provisional restorations to condition the mucosal contour.Clinical ConsiderationsThe present cases describe a simplified chairside approach to use customized healing abutments for immediate implants placed after tooth extraction in the anterior and posterior areas in order to maintain the soft tissue contours while reducing the clinical steps until delivering the final restorations.ConclusionsThis technique seems to be effective to guide the soft tissue healing around dental implants allowing a natural emergence profile with implant‐supported restorations, reducing the number of treatment steps.Clinical SignificanceThe use of customized healing abutments prepares soft tissue for the prosthetic stage preserving its contours and eliminating the need for reopening surgery.
Occurrence and molecular characterization of zoonotic Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii larvae in retail‐marketed fish
Authors: Arafa Waleed M. , Hassan Abdelrahim H. A. , Mahrous Lilian N. , Abdel‐Ghany Ahmed E. , Aboelhadid Shawky M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study aimed at investigating the occurrence and molecular characterization of zoonotic Anisakis larvae in imported, retail‐marketed smoked herring (Clupea harengus) and frozen mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Egypt. A total of 154 fishes (84 ready‐to‐eat smoked herring and 70 frozen mackerel) were collected. The prevalence of Anisakis larvae Type I in the whole specimen of smoked herring and frozen mackerel was 19.05 and 42.86% with mean intensities of 4.71 and 1.83. While the prevalence in muscles was 8.33 and 5.71% with mean intensities of 4.29 and 5, respectively. The sequencing of 11 larval PCR products from fish muscles revealed the presence of two zoonotic species; Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii. The recovered strains showed high identities to GenBank Anisakis isolates of fish from the North Sea, nearby waters and from China. More surveillance studies are recommended on those areas to ensure food safety and minimize public health risks.Practical ApplicationFrozen fish imports by Egypt have been growing significantly since 2009 to cover the progressive elevation in fish consumption there. Anisakis is one of the commonly reported zoonotic parasites infecting humans through fish consumption. This study provides important information on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of zoonotic Anisakis species in edible muscles of imported, retail‐marketed frozen mackerel and ready‐to‐eat herring fish in Egypt. The study outlined some recommendations to reduce the public health risks from that biological hazard.
Colloidal particle aggregation in three dimensions
Authors: HÄBEL HENRIKE , SÄRKKÄ AILA , RUDEMO MATS , BLOMQVIST CHARLOTTE HAMNGREN , OLSSON EVA , NORDIN MATIAS 
Published: July 2019

SummaryColloidal systems are of importance not only for everyday products, but also for the development of new advanced materials. In many applications, it is crucial to understand and control colloidal interaction. In this paper, we study colloidal particle aggregation of silica nanoparticles, where the data are given in a three‐dimensional micrograph obtained by high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography. We investigate whether dynamic models for particle aggregation, namely the diffusion limited cluster aggregation and the reaction limited cluster aggregation models, can be used to construct structures present in the scanning transmission electron microscopy data. We compare the experimentally obtained silica aggregate to the simulated postaggregated structures obtained by the dynamic models. In addition, we fit static Gibbs point process models, which are commonly used models for point patterns with interactions, to the silica data. We were able to simulate structures similar to the silica structures by using Gibbs point process models. By fitting Gibbs models to the simulated cluster aggregation patterns, we saw that a smaller probability of aggregation would be needed to construct structures similar to the observed silica particle structure.
Multiple failures in the lutenising hormone surge generating system in GABAB1KO female mice
Authors: Di Giorgio Noelia P. , Bizzozzero Hiriart Marianne , Surkin Pablo N. , López Paula V. , Bourguignon Nadia S. , Dorfman Verónica B. , Bettler Bernhard , Libertun Carlos , Lux‐Lantos Victoria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFemale mice lacking GABAB receptors, GABAB1KO, show disrupted oestrous cycles, reduced pregnancies and increased hypothalamic Gnrh1 mRNA expression, whereas anteroventral periventricular/periventricular preoptic nucleus (AVPV/PeN) Kiss1 mRNA was not affected. In the present study, we characterise the important components of the gonadotrophic preovulatory surge, aiming to unravel the origin of this reproductive impairment. In GABAB1KO and wild‐type (WT) females, we determined: (i) hypothalamic oestrogen receptor (ER)α and β and aromatase mRNA and protein expression; (ii) ovulation index and oestrus serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and pituitary Gnrh1r expression; (iii) in ovariectomised‐oestradiol valerate‐treated mice, we evaluated ex vivo hypothalamic gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) pulsatility in the presence/absence of kisspeptin (Kiss‐10, constant or pulsatile) and oestradiol (constant); and (iv) in ovariectomised‐oestradiol silastic capsule‐treated mice (proestrous‐like environment), we evaluated morning and evening kisspeptin neurone activation (c‐Fos+) and serum luteinising homrone (LH). In the medial basal hypothalamus of oestrus GABAB1KOs, aromatase and ERα mRNA and protein were increased, whereas ERβ was decreased. In GABAB1KOs, the ovulation index was decreased together with decreased first oestrus serum FSH and increased pituitary Gnrh1r mRNA. Under constant Kiss‐10 stimulation, hypothalamic GnRH pulse frequency did not vary, although GnRH mass/pulse was increased in GABAB1KOs. In WTs, pulsatile Kiss‐10 together with constant oestradiol significantly increased GnRH pulsatility, whereas, in GABAB1KOs, oestradiol alone increased GnRH pulsatility and this was reversed by pulsatile Kiss‐10 addition. In GABAB1KOs AVPV/PeN kisspeptin neurones were similarly activated (c‐Fos+) in the morning and evening, whereas WTs showed the expected, marked evening stimulation. LH correlated with activated kisspeptin cells in WT mice, whereas GABAB1KO mice showed high, similar LH levels both in the morning and evening. Taken together, all of these alterations point to impairment in the trigger of the preovulatory GnRH surge that entails the reproductive alterations described.
The supplementation of nutrient additives in broad bean‐based diet improved the growth of “crisped” grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Authors: Jiang Weibo , Li Xiaoqin , Xu Xiaoying , Ma Min , Leng Xiangjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effects of supplemental nutrient additives in broad bean‐based diets on growth, flesh quality, and collagen gene expression of grass carp, five diets were prepared, including complete formula diet (control), soaked broad bean (SBB), and three broad bean‐based diets containing 80% broad bean without (BBD1) or with the supplementation of methionine (BBD2), and methionine+vitamins+minerals (BBD3), and were fed to grass carp (171.9 ± 1.1 g), Ctenopharyngodon idellus, for 84 days. The results showed that broad bean‐based diets significantly increased weight gain (WG) and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of grass carp when compared to the SBB (p < .05). The BBD3 group reached levels similar to the WG and FCR of the control group (p > .05). Grass carp fed the BBD3 diet had lower steaming loss of flesh, higher muscle fiber density, and higher collagen content in muscle and skin than the control (p < .05). The relative expressions of COL1A1 and COL1A2 mRNA in muscle and skin were significantly higher in the BBD3 and SBB groups than in other groups (p < .05). In conclusion, the combination of methionine, vitamins, and minerals in broad bean‐based diets promoted the growth of “crisped” grass carp and improved flesh quality and collagen gene expression when compared to the control formula diet.
Probability and interval hybrid reliability analysis based on adaptive local approximation of projection outlines using support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Jinhao , Xiao Mi , Gao Liang , Chu Sheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates structural reliability analysis with both random and interval variables, which is defined as a three‐classification problem and handled by support vector machine (SVM). First, it is determined that projection outlines on the limit‐state surface are crucial for describing separating hyperplanes of the three‐classification problem. Compared with the whole limit‐state surface, the region of projection outlines are much smaller. It will be beneficial to reduce the number of update points and the computational cost if SVM update concentrates on refining the approximate projection outlines. An adaptive local approximation method is developed to realize that the initial built SVM model is sequentially updated by adding new training samples located around the projection outlines. Using this method, the separating hyperplanes can be accurately and efficiently approximated by SVM. Finally, a new method is proposed to evaluate the failure probability interval based on Monte Carlo simulation and the refined SVM.
Tomato chlorosis virus, an emergent plant virus still expanding its geographical and host ranges
Authors: Fiallo‐Olivé Elvira , Navas‐Castillo Jesús 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) causes an important disease that primarily affects tomato, although it has been found infecting other economically important vegetable crops and a wide range of wild plants. First described in Florida (USA) and associated with a ‘yellow leaf disorder’ in the mid‐1990s, ToCV has been found in 35 countries and territories to date, constituting a paradigmatic example of an emergent plant pathogen. ToCV is transmitted semipersistently by whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) belonging to the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes. Whitefly transmission is highly efficient and cases of 100% infection are frequently observed in the field. To date, no resistant or tolerant tomato plants are commercially available and the control of the disease relies primarily on the control of the insect vector.TaxonomyTomato chlorosis virus is one of the 14 accepted species in the genus Crinivirus, one of the four genera in the family Closteroviridae of plant viruses.Virion and genome propertiesThe genome of ToCV is composed of two molecules of single‐stranded positive‐sense RNA, named RNA1 and RNA2, separately encapsidated in long, flexuous, rod‐like virions. As has been shown for other closterovirids, ToCV virions are believed to have a bipolar structure. RNA1 contains four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins associated with virus replication and suppression of gene silencing, whereas RNA2 contains nine ORFs encoding proteins putatively involved in encapsidation, cell‐to‐cell movement, gene silencing suppression and whitefly transmission.Host rangeIn addition to tomato, ToCV has been found to infect 84 dicot plant species belonging to 25 botanical families, including economically important crops.TransmissionLike all species within the genus Crinivirus, ToCV is semipersistently transmitted by whiteflies, being one of only two criniviruses transmitted by members of the genera Bemisia and Trialeurodes.Disease symptomsTomato ‘yellow leaf disorder’ syndrome includes interveinal yellowing and thickening of leaves. Symptoms first develop on lower leaves and then advance towards the upper part of the plant. Bronzing and necrosis of the older leaves are accompanied by a decline in vigour and reduction in fruit yield. In other hosts the most common symptoms include interveinal chlorosis and mild yellowing on older leaves.ControlControl of the disease caused by ToCV is based on the use of healthy seedlings for transplanting, limiting accessibility of alternate host plants that can serve as virus reservoirs and the spraying of insecticides for vector control. Although several wild tomato species have been shown to contain genotypes resistant to ToCV, there are no commercially available resistant or tolerant tomato varieties to date.
Efficacy of alteplase 1 versus 2 mg dose in restoring haemodialysis catheter function (Alte‐dose 2): A randomized double‐blind controlled study
Authors: El‐Masri Maher M , El Nekidy Wasim S , Soong Derrick , Kadri Albert 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTAimData about the optimal alteplase dose required to treat haemodialysis catheter occlusion (HDC) are scarce. The purpose of the clinical trial was to examine the effectiveness of alteplase 2 mg as compared with 1 mg in restoring HDC function.MethodsA double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted in a single‐centre in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Rate of clot resolution, catheter replacements, catheter stripping, and mean catheter survival time were assessed using Kaplan–Meier, Cox‐proportional hazard and clustered logic regression analyses.ResultsOn a sample of 48 haemodialysis patients who provided 252 catheter occlusion events, the rate of clot resolution at the catheter site in the 2 mg group was 85.7% as opposed to 84.9% in the 1 mg group. There were only six catheter removals and 10 catheter stripping events. Cox regression analysis revealed no difference between the two groups in the hazard of occlusion on the primary 48 observations after the initial alteplase management (P = 0.267; hazard ratio = 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.40–1.3). Correlated logistic regression on all 252 observations indicated no difference in the rate of post alteplase clot resolution (P = 0.336; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 0.399–14.6) between the two groups.ConclusionAlteplase 1 mg is as effective as 2 mg in restoring HDC malfunction and may result in cost reduction in haemodialysis units.
Vagal innervation of the stomach reassessed: brain−gut connectome uses smart terminals
Authors: Powley Terry L. , Jaffey Deborah M. , McAdams Jennifer , Baronowsky Elizabeth A. , Black Diana , Chesney Logan , Evans Charlene , Phillips Robert J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBrain−gut neural communications have long been considered limited because of conspicuous numerical mismatches. The vagus, the parasympathetic nerve connecting brain and gut, contains thousands of axons, whereas the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains millions of intrinsic neurons in local plexuses. The numerical paradox was initially recognized in terms of efferent projections, but the number of afferents, which comprise the majority (≈ 80%) of neurites in the vagus, is also relatively small. The present survey of recent morphological observations suggests that vagal terminals, and more generally autonomic and visceral afferent arbors in the stomach as well as throughout the gut, elaborate arbors that are extensive, regionally specialized, polymorphic, polytopic, and polymodal, commonly with multiplicities of receptors and binding sites—smart terminals. The morphological specializations and dynamic tuning of one‐to‐many efferent projections and many‐to‐one convergences of contacts onto afferents create a complex architecture capable of extensive peripheral integration in the brain−gut connectome and offset many of the disparities between axon and target numbers. Appreciating this complex architecture can help in the design of therapies for GI disorders.
Genetic Contribution in Low Back Pain: A Prospective Genetic Association Study
Authors: Margarit César , Roca Reyes , Inda María‐del‐Mar , Muriel Javier , Ballester Pura , Moreu Rocío , Conte Anna Lucia , Nuñez Angela , Morales Domingo , Peiró Ana M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesChronic pain is one of the most common reasons individuals seek medical attention. It is a major issue because of the wide interindividual variability in the analgesic response. This might be partly explained by the presence of variants in genes encoding molecules involved in pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The aim was to analyze opioid effectiveness in chronic low back pain (CLBP) relief after opioid titration, unveiling the impact of pharmacogenetics.MethodsThe study included 231 opioid‐naïve patients from the Spine Unit; age 63 ± 14 years, 64% female, body mass index 29 ± 6 kg/m2, visual analog scale pain intensity score 73 ± 16 mm. Clinical data were collected at baseline, 3 months after opioid titration, and after 2 to 4 years of follow‐up concerning pain (intensity and relief), quality of life, disability, comorbidities, and drug prescription (opioid dose, rotations, and adverse events). The genotype influence ofOPRM1,COMT,UGT2B7,ABCB1,KCNJ6, andCYP3A5*3Ain analgesic response was analyzed by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction genotyping.ResultsPatients with theCOMTG472A‐AAgenotype (rs4680) andKCNJ6A1032G‐A allele (rs2070995)CLBPresponded differently to opioid titration, with higher pain intensity requiring higher dosing. Furthermore,GG‐ genotypes of A118G (OPRM1, rs1799971) and A854G (UGT2B7, rs776746) influenced the neuropathic component. After opioid titration,CLBPintensity, neuropathic component, low back pain disability, anxiety, and depression significantly decreased, while quality of life improved.ConclusionSingle‐nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in pain transmission and opioid metabolism might predispose to exaggerated sensitivity and differences in the opioid analgesic effect in patients withCLBP. We encourage clinical trials for their clinical application in chronic pain management.