bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Running Distance and Biomechanical Risk Factors for Plantar Fasciitis: A One-Year Prospective 4HAIE Cohort Study
Authors: Plesek Jan , Hamill Joseph , Burda Michal , Elavsky Steriani , Skypala Jiri , Urbaczka Jan , Silvernail Julia Freedman , Zahradnik David , Uchytil Jaroslav , Daniel Jandacka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Plantar fasciitis (PF) is one of the most common running-related injuries.

Purpose
The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of PF and identify potential risk or protective factors for PF in runners and non-runners.

Methods
Data from 1206 participants from the 4HAIE cohort study (563 females/643 males; 715 runners/491 non-runners; 18-65 years of age) were included in the analysis. We collected biomechanical data during overground running using a 3-D motion capture system at the baseline and running distance data via retrospective questionnaires and followed the participants for 12 months following the baseline data collection. Participants were asked weekly about any sports-related injury (including PF). A binary logistic regression was performed to reveal potential associations between running distance and biomechanical risk factors and PF while controlling for running distance, sex, and age.

Results
The total incidence of PF was 2.3% (28 PF from 1206 participants), 2.5% in runners and 2.0% in non-runners (P = 0.248). Runners who ran more than 40 km per week had six times higher odds of suffering PF than individuals who ran 6-20 km/week (P = 0.009). There was a significant association between maximal ankle adduction and PF, that is, runners with a lower abduction angle during the stance period had higher risk of PF (P = 0.024). No other biomechanical variables indicated significant associations with PF.

Conclusions
Regular running with a moderate weekly volume and more toeing out of the foot relative to the shank may reduce the risk against PF in runners which may be useful for researchers, runners, coaches, and health professionals to minimize PF injury risk.
Macrophage activation syndrome in a patient with systemic lupus erythematous triggered by tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Alowais Noura , Zamani Noura , Elbadawi Faisal , Ahmed Hassan , Dutta Pankhi , Sharif Aesha 
Published: December 2024

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), is characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammation resulting from immune dysregulation secondary to various triggers, including genetics, infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is an immune dysregulation phenomenon, in which an underlying rheumatological disease is present. We report a rare, interesting case of a middle-aged female, with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flare complicated by macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), in which tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was the identified trigger. Case report: A 48-year-old female with an African ethnic background, diagnosed with SLE, presented with a 2-week history of high-grade fever, cough, and worsening arthralgia. She was initially admitted with suspected SLE flare secondary to community acquired pneumonia and was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Later during her hospital stay, she underwent extensive workup because of her clinical condition, as she had continuous spikes of fever, progressive cytopenia, accompanied with acute confusion state despite treatment. She was ultimately diagnosed with SLE flare complicated by MAS secondary to TBM in view of persistent fever, neuropsychiatric symptoms, hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, supported by bone marrow aspiration findings, a tuberculosis (TB) positive contact and supporting cerebrospinal fluid analysis suggestive of TBM. She was immediately started on pulse doses of steroids and anti-tuberculosis medications in which significant clinical improvement was observed. She was discharged home, with continuity of care done at the outpatient department in addition to continuity of physical rehabilitation. Conclusion: Given the wide range of clinical presentations and similarities between SLE and the life-threatening MAS, it is essential to maintain a high level of suspicion to establish the diagnosis and promptly start the necessary treatment to ensure better clinical and survival outcomes.
Atypical presentation of Andersen-Tawil syndrome: heart failure with reduced ejection without periodic paralysis or dysmorphic features
Authors: Shehzad Mustafa , Shehzad Dawood , Ahmad Muhammad , Huma Sundus , Minhas Shaheer , Wassey Abdul 
Published: December 2024

Background: Andersen-Tawil syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by variants in the KCNJ2 gene. It is associated with periodic paralysis, dysmorphic features and cardiac arrhythmias. The syndrome exhibits incomplete penetrance, leading to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging. Case description: A male in his mid-20s with class 3 obesity presented to the emergency department with a week-long history of worsening chest pain, orthopnoea and fatigue. His family history was significant for sudden cardiac death affecting both his mother and brother, with his father having died from complications of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Cardiovascular examination revealed an S3 heart sound and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels at 875 pg/ml, with undetectable troponins; potassium level on admission was 3.6 mEq/l. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm, first-degree heart block, left atrial enlargement, left bundle branch block and a prolonged QTc of 486 ms. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a 15-20% reduction in ejection fraction with global left ventricular hypokinesis and left atrial enlargement. Ultimately, he was diagnosed with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and referred for genetic testing, which revealed a KCNJ2 variant. Shortly after discharge, he experienced a 55-second run of ventricular tachycardia, necessitating the placement of a single-chamber ICD. Currently, the patient remains on guideline-directed medical therapy and is listed for a heart transplant. Conclusions: Dilated cardiomyopathy, although a rare manifestation in ATS, can profoundly increase the risk of fatal arrythmias, necessitating the need for a low threshold of suspicion, to ensure timely diagnosis and management.
A cross-sectional study of paramedic management of out-of-hospital obstetric emergencies
Authors: Flanagan Belinda , Fitzpatrick David , Andreis Federico , Jackson Rory 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims Most birth-related ambulance calls occur without difficulty, but in some cases, complications can arise. Paramedics’ involvement in birth is infrequent; therefore, the knowledge and skills required to manage complications can atrophy over time, particularly without educational interventions. This may impact outcomes. The study's aims were to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice of paramedics in managing obstetric cases. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out with 264 paramedics. Spearman's measure of correlation was used to observe linear correlations between ranks of the observations. Results The majority of participants were advanced care paramedics (81.1%). Participants reported infrequently attending births in the community, with under half feeling confident in managing these (44%). Antenatal complications and trauma in pregnancy were self-reported areas of weakness; this was consistent with assessed knowledge. Conclusions Paramedics self-reported infrequently responding to obstetric calls and the majority lacked confidence in managing these. Few indicated an excellent level of obstetric knowledge, reporting a desire to receive more education in this area. Implications for practice When paramedics lack confidence in managing obstetric emergencies, it can lead to delayed decision making, inadequate assessment, increased error rates and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Sources of breastfeeding knowledge and support skills among midwives and students: a scoping review
Authors: Pangerl Sabine , Ross-Adije Gail , Geraghty Sadie , Monterosso Leanne 
Published: December 2024

Background/Aims Early discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding often occurs as a result of conflicting advice provided by midwives and other healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to explore sources of breastfeeding knowledge and acquisition of support skills among midwives and midwifery students. Methods This scoping review explored peer-reviewed and grey literature, identifying and synthesising seven studies and one conference abstract published between 2014 and 2024, after screening 27 full-text articles based on eligibility criteria. Results Only one study focused on breastfeeding knowledge sources, revealing that on-the-job training was the primary source (64.4%) for midwives and nurses. Seven papers detailed educational programmes, including simulation workshops, animation videos and web resources. Grey literature highlighted relevant organisations, websites and social media platforms. Conclusions Despite the widespread availability of breastfeeding education resources, this review identified a significant gap in understanding how midwives and students use these resources. Implications for practice Enhancing training and support for midwives and students is important to ensure effective use of existing resources for breastfeeding education. Expanding the available digital resources would also provide vital support.
Effectiveness of ongoing single dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) implementation under routine programme conditions—An observational study in Nepal
Authors: Banstola Nand Lal , Hasker Epco , Mieras Liesbeth , Gurung Dambar , Baral Bhuwan , Mehata Suresh , Prasai Sagar , Ghimire Yograj , Das Brij Kumar , Napit Prashnna , van Brakel Wim 
Published: December 2024

Background/Introduction
Leprosy control remains a challenge in Nepal. Single-dose rifampicin post-exposure prophylaxis (SDR-PEP) shows promise in reducing leprosy incidence among contacts of index cases, contributing to reducing the transmission of Mycobacterium (M.) leprae. This study evaluates the effectiveness of routine SDR-PEP implementation in Nepal in addition to contact screening, focusing on its impact on reducing leprosy risk among contacts and potential population-level effects.

Methodology
We conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare leprosy case notification rates and leprosy risk among close contacts. We compared two districts implementing SDR-PEP (the intervention group) and two without (the comparator group). Data from 2015 onwards included demographics, index case types, and contact relationships. Statistical analyses, including Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves, assessed the impact of SDR-PEP implementation.

Findings
All four districts showed a decrease in case notification rates since 2015, with the steepest decline in the intervention districts. The risk of developing leprosy among contacts was significantly lower in the intervention districts (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.18–0.44). SDR-PEP offered 72% protection, consistent over time, as shown in Kaplan-Meier plots. The protective effect was equally strong in blood-related contacts (HR 0.29 versus 0.27 in others, p = 0.32), and the proportion of MB cases among incident cases was not significantly different post-PEP (51.4% vs. 53.6%, p = 0.82).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the substantial protective effect of integrating SDR-PEP in routine leprosy control programs with contact screening, significantly lowering leprosy risk among contacts. SDR-PEP is equally effective for blood-related contacts and does not preferentially prevent PB cases. While suggesting potential population-level impact, the study design does not allow for firm conclusions at this level. Further research is needed to fully assess SDR-PEP’s effectiveness in diverse contexts and optimize its implementation. Integrating SDR-PEP within well-organized contact screening programs is effective and is expected to reduce leprosy transmission when applied as a rolling intervention.
Stigma and efficacy beliefs regarding opioid use disorder treatment and naloxone in communities participating in the HEALing Communities Study intervention
Authors: Lewis Nicky , Eggleston Barry , Chandler Redonna K. , Goddard-Eckrich Dawn , Luster Jamie E. , Beard Dacia D. , Rodgers Emma , Chahine Rouba , Westgate Philip M. , Benjamin Shoshana N. , Holloway JaNae , Clarke Thomas , Lefebvre R. Craig , Stein Michael D. , Helme Donald W. , Reynolds Jennifer , Walsh Sharon L. , Freedman Darcy , El-Bassel Nabila , Stephens Kara , Silwal Anita , Lofwall Michelle , Childerhose Janet E. , Surratt Hilary L. , Crockett Brooke N. , Farmer Amy L. , David James L. , Fanucchi Laura , Harness Judy , Wilburn Ben , Bursey Kelli , Mattson Kristin , Mann Sarah , Jackson Rebecca D. , Shadwick Aimee , Calver Katherine , Chassler Deborah , Kimball Jennifer , Regan Nancy , Samet Jeffrey H. , Sword-Cruz Rachel , Slater Michael D. 
Published: December 2024

Background
The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) included health campaigns as part of a community-engaged intervention to reduce opioid-related overdose deaths in 67 highly impacted communities across Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. Five campaigns were developed with community input to provide information on opioid use disorder (OUD) and overdose prevention, reduce stigma, and build demand for evidence-based practices (EBPs). An evaluation examined the recognition of campaign messages about naloxone and whether stigma and efficacy beliefs regarding OUD treatment and naloxone changed in HCS intervention communities.

Methods
Data were collected through surveys offered on Facebook/Instagram to members of communities participating in the HCS intervention and wait-list control communities.

Results
Participants in HCS intervention communities reported a reduction in stigma regarding OUD and increased efficacy beliefs regarding naloxone associated with recognition of campaign messages. However, this finding is cautiously interpreted as there was no clear evidence for recognition differences between the treatment/control conditions.

Conclusion
Study findings indicate associations between campaign message recognition and positive outcomes. Results also highlight possible challenges concerning evaluations of social media campaigns using conventional evaluation techniques.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04111939.
Anesthetic technique and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after Video Assisted Thoracic (VATS) lobectomy: A retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Singla Priyanka , Brenner Brian , Tsang Siny , Elkassabany Nabil , Martin Linda W. , Carrott Phillip , Scott Christopher , Mazzeffi Michael 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Thoracic surgery is associated with an 8–10% incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Introduction of minimally invasive Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) aimed to reduce pain related and pulmonary complications. However, PPCs remain a common cause of morbidity after VATS.

Methods
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was searched for VATS lobectomy cases from 2017 to 2021 with General Anesthesia (GA) as the primary anesthetic technique. Cases were stratified into four groups—GA alone, GA+local, GA+Regional and GA+Epidural. Generalized linear regression models were used to examine whether PPCs differ by anesthetic technique, controlling for morbidity risk factors. The study’s primary outcome was the occurrence of any PPC (pneumonia, reintubation or prolonged mechanical ventilation). The secondary outcome was length of hospital stay (LOS).

Results
A total of 15,084 VATS lobectomy cases were identified and 14,477 cases met inclusion criteria. The PPC rate was between 3.5–5.2%. There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of PPCs across the groups. Compared to the GA alone group, the regional and local group had significantly shorter LOS (9.1% and 5.5%, respectively, both ps < .001), whereas the epidural group had significantly longer LOS (18%, p < .001).

Conclusion
Our analysis suggests that the addition of regional or local anesthesia is associated with shorter LOS after VATS lobectomy. However, these techniques were not associated with lower PPC incidence. Future randomized controlled trials could help to elucidate the best anesthetic technique to reduce pain and enhance recovery.
Effectiveness of manual dexterity assessment methods for preclinical training in Dentistry
Authors: Genaro Luis Eduardo , da Costa Neves Tamíris , Pazos Júlia Margato , Dovigo Lívia Nordi , Garcia Patrícia P. N. S. 
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to verify the predictive capacity of manual dexterity assessment methods for pre-clinical training in Dentistry.

Method
Students from the fifth year of the undergraduate course in Dentistry (N = 95) participated in this study. Manual dexterity was investigated as a variable of interest, measured by the O’Connor Finger Dexterity Test methods—Model 32021, Purdue Pegboard Test—Model 32020A, Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment—DMDA, Class One Cavity Preparation Assessent—COCA and Class One Composite Resin Restoration Assessment—COCRA. The average score obtained in the evaluation of the quality of the cavity preparations and restorations was considered as gold standard, and from these data the sensitivity and specificity of the tests were estimated. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of each dexterity test. The analysis included calculating the Area Under the Curve (AUROC) to evaluate their discriminative power, and cutoff points were determined that optimize the balance between sensitivity and specificity.

Results
The DMDA test showed better performance, with statistical significance (p <0.001) and acceptable predictive ability (AUROC = 0.775), while the O’Connor test (AUROC = 0.644, p = 0.050) and Purdue Pegboard test (Purdue 1: AUROC = 0.542, p = 0.560; Purdue 2: AUROC = 0.564, p = 0.423; Purdue 3: AUROC = 0.517, p = 0.828; Purdue 4: AUROC = 0.608, p = 0.083) were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The DMDA test presented the best performance, with statistical significance and acceptable discrimination, showing greater effectiveness for assessing students’ manual dexterity. Therefore, the implementation of the DMDA test can significantly contribute to the early identification of motor dexterity difficulties in dental students, enabling more effective and targeted interventions.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Diagnosis of Gallbladder Mixed Neuroendocrine Non-Neuroendocrine Tumor With an Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junction
Authors: Tsuchiyose Erika , Talanian Michael , Liao Haihui , Holzwanger Erik 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms are exceedingly rare tumors, especially those of gallbladder origin. Anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction is an uncommon congenital abnormality that can predispose various types of hepatobiliary malignancies. We present an unusual case of a 46-year-old woman with anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction who presented to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and right upper quadrant pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a gallbladder mass concerning for primary malignancy and liver lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle biopsy were valuable diagnostic tools used to sample the gallbladder, liver lesions, and common hepatic duct under one minimally invasive procedure. Pathology showed a gallbladder mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms, with neuroendocrine components in the liver and adenocarcinoma components in the common hepatic duct.
The virtual habits underlying the behavioural hallmarks of alloanimal episodic memory: a Peircean model
Authors: Miyamoto Oscar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Experimental studies of animal episodic memory test the behavioural expression of a what-where-when ‘memory content’. This is to say, autobiographical memory in some species (mainly birds, rodents, and great apes) has been understood on the basis of how the subject’s actions demonstrate their long-term awareness of already enacted and yet-to-be enacted scenarios. However, such behavioural focus has come at the expense of discussing the interdependent role of two equally important episodic hallmarks: ‘memory structure’ (mental representations), and ‘memory flexibility’ (adaptive choice-making). This paper provides a semiotic characterization of those less discussed hallmarks, in terms of the Peircean concept of virtual habit or the mental enactment of non-present episodes. It is argued that the behavioural expression of a ‘memory content’ (as object in a process of semiosis) cannot be accounted for without understanding the phenomenological or experiential support of memory structure (as a representamen), and the teleological or purposeful self-control of memory flexibility (as interpretant). Based on this, a new cognitive model of animal episodic memory is proposed, consisting of interrelated modalities called Virtualiter, Habitualiter, and Actualiter. Capitalizing on multispecies evidence, possible applications and new directions of the model are suggested.
442The Assurance of Corporate Sustainability Reports and the Renewed Role of Certified Auditors
Authors: Ruohonen Janne , Kullas Helmi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The corporate sustainability reporting directive (2022/2464, CSRD) is expected to broaden its scope to include almost 50 000 companies in Europe. The directive sets two key obligations: (1) The annual management report must include information about certain sustainability subjects according to uniform standards; and (2) Sustainability reports must be controlled by an auditor or other authorized controller. This article focuses on examining the topic from an auditor’s perspective. Assuring the reliability of sustainability reports is essential to meet the objective of stakeholders getting reliable and comparable information. The aim of the article is to examine the renewed obligation to assure sustainability reporting, especially the key differences between the limited assurance level of sustainability reporting and the reasonable assurance level of statutory auditing. In addition, the article examines the narrowing of the expectation gap between the stakeholders and the actual content of assurance. If, in the future, sustainability information at the EU level is genuinely intended to be placed in the same category as the audit of financial information, then it is necessary to move from limited assurance engagements to reasonable assurance engagements. However, the issue must be carefully evaluated from the perspective of the administrative burden incurred by the companies, because it significantly increases the costs associated with the assurance of sustainability reporting for the companies. Finally, the goal is to evaluate how the assurance of sustainability reporting is regulated in Finland.443