bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Kondisi Sanitasi Dasar dengan Kejadian Diare pada Balita di Puskesmas Bungus Tahun 2011
Authors: . Darwel 
Published: July 2019

Diare adalah buang air besar lembek/ cair bahkan dapat berupa air saja dengan frekuensi lebih sering dari biasanya (3 kali atau lebih dalam sehari). Penyakit ini merupakan penyebab utama kesakitan dan kematian pada anak-anak. Di Puskesmas Bungus angka kejadian diare sebesar 39,6% pada bulan Juni 2011. Kondisi sanitasi dasar bisa mempengaruhi kejadian Penyakit tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diare pada balita di Puskesmas Bungus tahun 2011.Disain penelitian ini adalah Cross sectional Study yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Bungus pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2011. Populasi penelitian adalah keluarga yang punya balita berjumlah 1563 orang dan sampel sebanyak 91 orang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara proporsional random sampling. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan observasi terhadap responden. Data diolah dan dianalisa dengan analisis univariat dalam bentuk tabel distribusi frekwensi dan analisis bivariat dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kondisi sarana air bersih, kondisi pembuangan tinja dengan kejadian diare pada balita di puskesmas bungus tahun 2011. Sedangkan variabel pembuangan sampah, kondisi pembuangan air limbah tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian diare pada balita di puskesmas bungus tahun 2011. Perlunya upaya perbaikan kondisi sanitasi dasar serta upaya penyuluhan kesehatan masyarakat khususnya yang berkaitan dengan perbaikan kondisi penyediaan air bersih, tempat pembuangan sampah, pembuangan limbah, dan pembungan tinja.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Kader Posyandu Lansia
Authors: Supriyatno Heru 
Published: July 2019

Upaya kesehatan yang dilakukan saat ini adalah peningkatan dan pemantapan upaya kesehatan para lansia di pelayanan kesehatan dasar, khususnya Posyandu Lansia yang mengutamakan aspek promotif dan preventif di samping aspek kuratif dan rehabilitatif, secara pro-aktif, baik dan sopan serta memberikan kemudahan dan dukungan bagi lansia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja kader posyandu Lansia di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu Tahun 2016. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, Desain analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional.Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh kader posyandu lansia yang ada di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu yaitu sebanyak 70 kader. Sampel dihitung dengan menggunakan teknik total populasi sehingga sampel sebanyak 70 kader. Analisa data univariat, bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistic berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan Ada hubungan usia (p= 0,025) pengetahuan (p=0,010) sikap (p=0,016) motivasi (p=0,027) imbalan (p=0,020) Kepemimpinan (p=0,008) dengan kinerja kader Posyandu lansia di Kecamatan Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu tahun 2016. Faktor yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan kinerja kader posyandu lansia dikecamatan sukoharjo kabupaten pringsewu tahun 2016 adalah variable kepemimpinan (p=0,011 OR = 4,623). Penelitian ini menyarankan Kepada Melakukan sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang pentingnya pemanfaatan Posyandu dan memberikan pelatihan atau pertemuan bulanan kepada kader.Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Kader Posyandu Lansia
Sumber Informasi Yang Didapatkan Ibu Tentang Pengetahuan Tanda Bahaya Kehamilan Pada Ibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pringsewu
Authors: Sulistianingsih Apri 
Published: July 2019

Setidaknya 40% dari semua wanita hamil akan mengalami beberapa jenis komplikasi selama kehamilan. Sekitar 15% komplikasi ini berpotensi mengancam jiwa dan membutuhkan tindakan segera. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran sumber informasi yang didapatkan ibu tentang pengetahuan tanda bahaya kehamilan pada ibu hamil. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif observasional. Sampel penelitian iniadalah seluruh ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pringsewu sebanyak 87 ibu hamil. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan analisis univariat. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan menggunakan pedoman wawancara dan kuisioner.Pengetahuan ibu hamil adalah cukup (41,3%), baik (32,3%) dan sisanya (26,4%). Ibu hamil yang berpengetahuan baik, sumber informasi dari tenaga kesehatan dan HP/Internet/Aplikasi (46,4%). Pada ibu pengetahuan cukup sumber informasi dari penggunaan HP/Internet/Aplikasi (47,2%). Pada ibu pengetahuan kurang, sumber informasi dari penggunaan HP/Internet/Aplikasi (73,9%).
Budget Impact Analysis of the Change in Peritoneal Dialysis Use Rate in Korea
Authors: Kim Jimin , Lee Na Rae , Son Soo Kyung , Lee Jung Pyo , Park Jung Tak , Kim Yun Jung , Ryu Dong-Ryeol 
Published: July 2019

Background While the number of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has decreased by 14.4% from 2006 to 2016, the number of hemodialysis (HD) patients has sharply increased, by 237.2%, in the same period, leading to an increase in the total medical cost. We analyzed the effects of the changes in PD use rates for dialysis patients in Korea on the healthcare budget using budget impact analysis (BIA). Methods The analysis modeled the influence of the increase in dialysis for the target population, changes in modality use rate, and/or changes in costs per patient-year on total medical cost for patients on dialysis, using the National Health Insurance Service (NHI) claims data. We developed 8 scenarios according to the changing PD use rate. Results In scenarios 1 – 4 (increase in PD patients by 6%, 13%, 20%, and 50% of non-diabetic prevalent HD patients under 65), 5-year budget savings ranged from $47 million to $394 million (0.9% – 7.3% of the end-stage renal disease [ESRD] budget). In scenarios 5 – 8 (increase in incident PD patients by 20%, 50%, 70%, and 100% of non-diabetic patients under 65), 5-year savings ranged from $25 million to $74 million (0.5% – 1.4% of the ESRD budget). In all scenarios, budget savings were higher as PD patients increased, showing a gradually growing trend. Conclusion In all scenarios from the payer's perspective, savings could be achieved through an increase in PD use. Selecting PD for ESRD patients without different expected clinical outcomes between HD and PD would be beneficial to the NHI budget.
Randomized Controlled Trial on Adjunctive Lavage for Severe Peritonitis
Authors: Wong Steve S. , Lau Wai-Yan , Tse Yim-Yuk , Chan Ping-Kwan , Wan Ching-Kit , Cheng Yuk-Lun , Yu Alex W. 
Published: July 2019

Background In severe peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis, patients’ response to antibiotic can be poor. We postulated that adjunctive lavage may improve the outcome in severe cases by enhancing the removal of bacteria and inflammatory cells from the peritoneum. Methods Severe PD peritonitis was defined as poor clinical response to empirical cefazolin/ceftazidime and a PD effluent (PDE) leukocyte count > 1,090/mm3 on day 3. Enrolled patients were randomized into either the lavage group ( n = 20) or control group ( n = 20). In the lavage group, continuous lavage by an automated PD machine from day 3 to 5 or 6 was performed, whereas the usual PD schedule was maintained in the control group. The primary outcome was treatment success. Post hoc analysis was also performed to compare the outcome between subgroups with different severity. Results Baseline parameters were similar in the lavage and control groups, including PDE leukocyte count on day 3 (4,871/mm3 vs 4,143/mm3, p = 0.46). Treatment success rates were high in both groups (75% vs 70%, p = 0.72). C-reactive protein (CRP) on day 3 was found to be the only predictor of treatment failure and was used to stratify all patients into tertiles of severity. Whilst a significant decline in treatment success was evident across the tertiles of increasing CRP in the control group (100% vs 85.7% vs 28.6%, p = 0.005), treatment success was relatively maintained in the lavage group (85.7% vs 71.4% vs 66.7%, p = 0.43). Conclusions Adjunctive lavage did not improve the overall outcome, although it may be beneficial for the more severe peritonitis patients who have high CRP.
On the Coronal Mass Ejection Detection Rate during Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Michalek Grzegorz , Gopalswamy Nat , Yashiro Seiji 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission’s white light coronagraphs have observed more than 25,000 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from 1996 January to the end of 2015 July. This period of time covers almost two solar cycles (23 and 24). The basic attributes of CMEs, reported in the SOHO/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) catalog, during these solar cycles were statistically analyzed. The question of the CME detection rate and its connection to the solar cycles was considered in detail. Based on the properties and detection rate, CMEs can be divided into two categories: regular and specific events. The regular events are pronounced and follow the pattern of sunspot number. On the other hand, the special events are poorer and more correlated with the general conditions of heliosphere and corona. Nevertheless, both groups of CMEs are the result of the same physical phenomenon, viz. release of magnetic energy from closed field regions. It was demonstrated that the enhanced CME rate, since the solar cycle 23 polar-field reversal, is due to a significant decrease of total (magnetic and plasma) heliospheric pressure as well as the changed magnetic pattern of solar corona. CMEs expel free magnetic energy and helicity from the Sun; therefore, they are related to complex solar magnetic field structure. It is also worth emphasizing that the CMEs listed in the SOHO/LASCO catalog are real ejections (not false identification). Their detection rate reflects the global evolution of the magnetic field on the Sun, and not only changes in the magnetic structures associated with sunspots.
Relativistic Tearing Mode in Pair Plasmas and Application to Magnetic Giant Flares
Authors: Yang S. D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Relativistic magnetic reconnection is an important process in plasmas where relativity enters through large magnetization and relativistic temperature, and the tearing mode plays a significant role in the initial phase of spontaneous reconnection. Starting from general steady equilibrium, parallel as well as oblique tearing modes for relativistic pair plasmas are analyzed in this paper, including resistivity and thermal inertia (the generalization of the nonrelativistic electron inertia). A dispersion relation for arbitrary values of the tearing instability index Δ′ is derived, containing both the large-Δ′ regime and the small-Δ′ regime, where the different limits are discussed with their implications for the tearing mode growth rate. It is found that in relativistic tearing mode, the parallel Lundquist number, electron skin-depth, and α that encodes the structure of the resonant surface all play roles in determining the tearing growth rate, where the parallel Lundquist number is defined with respect to the parallel magnetization σ
∥ as well as the perpendicular magnetization σ
⊥, and the electron skin-depth assumes the relativistic form for pair plasmas. These results hold for both pressure balance and force-free equilibrium. As an application, tearing instability is hypothesized as a possible mechanism for triggering fast gamma-ray burst. This work is important for understanding tearing modes in relativistic pair plasmas, and it serves as a basis for an analysis of relativistic plasmoid instability and relevant problems.
La notion d’imminence en droit administratif
Authors: Froment-Maire Anne 
Published: July 2019

L’imminence est une notion souvent employée en droit administratif. Pour autant, elle demeure cependant absente des index des manuels de la matière, contrairement à la notion d’urgence. Aussi, la présente analyse suggère une définition fonctionnelle de cette notion, correspondant à la survenance certaine, dans un délai bref, d’un évènement, et dont la certitude de sa survenance peut être établie par toute preuve matérielle objective. Ainsi, la reconnaissance de son unité théorique et pratique contribuerait à renforcer sa normativité, et permettrait de résoudre l’ambiguïté des effets qu’elle emporte. A cet égard, la notion d’imminence s’inscrit pleinement dans la spécificité du droit administratif, dans la mesure où elle conditionne assurément l’action administrative et l’appréciation du juge, suivant le régime juridique dont elle procède. Pour la caractériser, deux aspects de la notion sont toutefois indispensables : sa temporalité et sa matérialité. Plus concrètement, l’évènement doit être sur le point de survenir. En ce sens, il en devient immédiat. Celui-ci doit être également présumé - ou plus précisément établi -, c’est-à-dire que la preuve de la survenance de l’évènement doit pouvoir être alors constatée. Une fois établis, ces critères se retrouvent dans un large panel des décisions du Conseil d’Etat, et ce, dans un grand nombre de domaines afférent au droit administratif. Ces critères qui s’imposent naturellement aux acteurs du droit administratif ont des incidences à un double égard. En premier lieu, il apparaît que la notion d’imminence oblige l’administration dans son action, la transformant en compétence liée et l’administration n’a pas la faculté de renoncer à ses prérogatives. L’évènement devient un élément de référence qui s’impose alors à l’administration. Plus encore, les pouvoirs de l’administration peuvent être élargis, voire provoquer des transferts de compétences au sein même de l’administration. En second lieu, la notion d’imminence permet au juge de développer une analyse exhaustive des circonstances à prendre en compte dans de nombreux domaines tels que l’environnement, la domanialité ou encore la sécurité. Cependant et en dépit d’une synthèse qui suggère une interprétation qui a le mérite de pouvoir se décliner dans l’ensemble des champs du droit administratif, il faut constater que l’autonomie de la notion d’imminence est afférente à son intensité. Et qu’à cet égard, la notion d’imminence ne peut être appréciée sans être associée à celle de gravité. Le Conseil d’Etat exige encore le maintien de cette parenté, jugée nécessaire. Au même titre que les études relatives à l’urgence, la notion d’imminence mérite sa place et sa reconnaissance apparaît pertinente afin d’offrir une meilleure lisibilité de sa définition et de répondre aux spécificités de l’action administrative. A la lecture de la doctrine, une clarification est néanmoins attendue entre les notions d’urgence, d’urgence absolue ou d’imminence, dès lors que l’on souhaitera caractériser une situation permettant l’octroi d’une dérogation à la règle juridique classique.
IL-11 Induces Encephalitogenic Th17 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zhang Xin , Kiapour Nazanin , Kapoor Sahil , Khan Tabish , Thamilarasan Madhan , Tao Yazhong , Cohen Stephanie , Miller Ryan , Sobel Raymond A. , Markovic-Plese Silva 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
IL-11+CD4+ cells accumulate in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and in active brain MS lesions. Mouse studies have confirmed a causal role of IL-11 in the exacerbation of relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (RREAE). Administration of IL-11 at the time of clinical onset of RREAE induced an acute exacerbation and increased clinical scores, which persisted during the entire course of the disease. IL-11 increased the numbers of spinal cord inflammatory foci, as well as the numbers of peripheral and CNS-infiltrating IL-17+CD4+ cells and IL-17A serum levels. Ag recall assays revealed that IL-11 induces IL-17A+, GM-CSF+, and IL-21+CD4+ myelin Ag-reactive cells. Passive transfer of these encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells induced severe RREAE with IL-17A+CCR6+ CD4+ and B cell accumulation within the CNS. Furthermore, passive transfer of nonmanipulated CNS-derived mononuclear cells from mice with RREAE after a single dose of IL-11 induced severe RREAE with increased accumulation of IL-17A+ and CCR6+ CD4+ cells within the CNS. These results suggest that IL-11 might serve as a biomarker of early autoimmune response and a selective therapeutic target for patients with early relapsing-remitting MS.
Asphodelus fistulous L., a newly discovered plant invader in South Africa: Assessing the risk of invasion and potential for eradication
Authors: Jubase Nolwethu , Renteria Jorge L. , Maphisa David , Van Wyk Ernita 
Published: July 2019

Background: Naturalised populations of Asphodelus fistulosus (onion weed) were recorded in South Africa for the first time during the early 1990s. Initial records lodged in 2012 indicated the presence of two populations. Five additional populations were found between 2012 and 2016, as a result of surveys and the distribution of awareness materials. All populations in South Africa occurred along roadsides, but in other parts of the world the species has demonstrated the ability to spread into adjacent native vegetation and crop fields.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of invasion and potential for eradication.Method: A risk assessment tool was used to establish invasion risk. Of the seven known populations, five test populations were selected to gather data on the feasibility for eradication. Randomised fixed plots were used to monitor the response of A. fistulosus populations to mechanical and chemical plant control methods and to track spread over time. The germinability of seeds was also tested.Results: The Standard Australian Risk Assessment method for invasive alien plants gave a relatively high score for the threat posed by this species. In this assessment, a threshold score is used to indicate sufficient invasive risk to fail a species as part of a preborder risk assessment. Invasiveness elsewhere (Australia and USA) contributed to the relatively high score. The bioclimatic modelling map highlighted the south-western region of South Africa as most suitable climatically for A. fistulosus. Both mechanical and chemical control methods were shown to be effective in killing live plants. Results, based on plant removal and monitoring, over a four-year research period suggest that suppression of reproduction is possible, partly as a result of high detectability and ease of control.Conclusion: It is recommended that A. fistulosus be listed as a National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004 1a invasive species (eradication target) under national legislation, thus requiring compulsory management. We estimate that extirpation of all known populations of A. fistulosusmay be possible with continual effort at an annual investment of approximately ZAR 50 000 per year. Further surveillance for undiscovered populations and monitoring of known populations must be conducted to produce a definitive comment about the feasibility of countrywide eradication.
A snapshot of the chalkboard writing experiences of Bachelor of Education students with visual disabilities in South Africa
Authors: Subrayen Roshanthni , Dhunpath Rubby 
Published: July 2019

Background: South African higher education policy frameworks highlight renewed interest in equity, access and participation imperatives for students with disabilities (SWDs). However, students with visual disabilities continue to face barriers in their teaching practice school placements.Objectives: This article aims, firstly, to provide early insights into the barriers experienced by students with visual disabilities in their teaching practice school placements in under-resourced schools in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Secondly, it introduces learning communities and a teaching practice pre-placement booklet to enhance equity, access and participation in teaching practice school placements.Method: This study adopted a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews to elicit data from two Bachelor of Education students with visual disabilities, who were part of a teaching practice learning community managed by the Disability Unit at the University. Thematic analysis was used, using Tinto’s Learning Community Model which generated valuable evidence to argue for institutional commitment to achieve equity, access and participation for students with visual disabilities.Results: Through engagement with a teaching practice learning community and a teaching practice pre-placement booklet, two students with visual disabilities responded to and managed the chalkboard in ways that promoted teaching and learning in the classroom. These retention support trajectories provide evidence to support enhanced equity, access and participation. Given the stigma associated with disability and the need for equity at policy level, higher education institutions should seriously consider systemic mechanisms for access, participation and success outcomes in the teaching practice school placements of students with visual disabilities.Conclusion: Barriers to participation signal the need for accessible teaching and learning strategies for use by students with visual disabilities in their teaching practice school placements. Teaching practice assessors should be alerted to contextual differences in resourced and under-resourced school settings and the diverse ways in which SWDs navigate these differences.
Monitoring the seasonal dynamics of soil salinization in the Yellow River delta of China using Landsat data
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Zhao Gengxing , Li Yuhuan , Wang Danyang , Ma Ying 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In regions with distinct seasons, soil salinity usually
varies greatly by season. Thus, the seasonal dynamics of soil salinization
must be monitored to prevent and control soil salinity hazards and to reduce
ecological risk. This article took the Kenli District in the Yellow River
delta (YRD) of China as the experimental area. Based on Landsat data from
spring and autumn, improved vegetation indices (IVIs) were created and then
applied to inversion modeling of the soil salinity content (SSC) by
employing stepwise multiple linear regression, back propagation neural
network and support vector machine methods. Finally, the optimal SSC model
in each season was extracted, and the spatial distributions and seasonal
dynamics of SSC within a year were analyzed. The results indicated that the
SSC varied by season in the YRD, and the support vector machine method
offered the best SSC inversion models for the precision of the calibration
set (R2>0.72, RMSE < 6.34 g kg−1) and the validation
set (R2>0.71, RMSE < 6.00 g kg−1 and RPD > 1.66). The best SSC inversion model for spring could be applied to the SSC
inversion in winter (R2 of 0.66), and the best model for autumn could be applied to the SSC inversion in summer (R2 of 0.65). The SSC exhibited a gradual increasing trend from the southwest to northeast in the Kenli District. The SSC also underwent the following seasonal dynamics: soil salinity accumulated in spring, decreased in summer, increased in autumn and reached its peak at the end of winter. This work provides data support for the control of soil salinity hazards and utilization of saline–alkali soil in the YRD.