bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation analysis of ground-penetrating radar in seasonal freezing soil area with temperature-varying media
Authors: Lu Guojiang , Chen Qinghua , Zhang Xianwu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Affected by the seasonal freezing area climate, the shallow engineering geological electromagnetic environment exhibits seasonal variations, affecting the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in shallow geological soil. This brings excellent difficulties in accurately identifying the detection target. In this paper, Kaba-he, the seasonal freezing area of Xinjiang, is taken as an example to build a model of the dielectric constant of the temperature variable soil medium in different seasons, and utilizing the high-order O(2,4) FDTD algorithm implemented with MATLAB software. This experiment provides the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in shallow subgrade soil of Kaba-he during different seasons and, based on numerical simulation results, gives the calculated depth of the underground targets buried in other seasons. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the application of GPR in Kaba-he.
Probing multilayer road structures using the GPR “Terrazond”
Authors: Tseplyaev Ilya , Shipilov Sergey , Fedyanin Ivan , Khmelev Vitaly , Satarov Rail , Romanov Dmitry , Eremin Roman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper describes a method for obtaining information about the thickness of road pavement layers using the “Terrazond” multichannel ground penetrating radar. The method includes the use of signal pre-processing to eliminate common-mode interference on radar data of the road surface. The results of applying the methodology to data obtained during sounding of a road test site are presented. Using the example of a radar data of a test section, it is shown that three iterations of the proposed filtering contrastively highlight three layers of the road structure. The results of automated construction of the boundaries of road layers in the GeoReader program using machine learning technology are shown.
Advancements and applications of GMS3: a surface and subsurface unified database system
Authors: Rodrigues Neto J M S , Shinohara J , Kato Y , Tanida K , Okino A , Sato T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
GPR Mobile Mapping System 3D (GMS3) combines three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar (GPR) subsurface data with omnidirectional camera surface mobile mapping system (MMS) imagery to create a high-precision unified surface-subsurface database where underground features are easily localizable from the surface. In the context of Japan, the system is generally able to detect cavities as deep as 1.5 m (depending on soil water content) with a maximum horizontal positioning error of a few cm. The main application of GMS3 in Japan is road subsurface cavity investigations aimed at sinkhole prevention, detecting an average of 0.53 cavities per surveyed km in Japan’s national roads, and 4.76 cavities per km in municipal roads in the case of Matsuyama City. We also evaluate the feasibility of 3D mapping of buried pipes (necessary before undergrounding works) at the Johoku Campus of Ehime University. Since both services show increasing demand in Japan due to the country’s deteriorating infrastructure and its susceptibility to natural disasters, GMS3 is continuously being developed to stand out as a vital tool in subsurface surveying both in the Japanese and the international context.
Denoising method of microwave earth exploration test system based on Deep-KSVD
Authors: Feiyu Chen , Shunli Han , Wenzheng Zhang , Tianfeng Gao , Zeyu Hao , Wanrong Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the process of data acquisition of complex underground media in the microwave ground exploration test system, electromagnetic echoes are susceptible to various noises, resulting in the ambiguity of the in-phase axis of the diffraction hyperbolic curve, which seriously affects the subsequent interpretation and processing. Traditional denoising algorithms are difficult to meet the requirements of denoising complex data. To solve this problem, a microwave profile denoising algorithm based on Deep-KSVD is proposed in this paper. By combining the K-SVD sparse denoising algorithm with the idea of deep learning, the problem of easy loss of original signal and low computational efficiency in the original denoising algorithm is overcome. Firstly, the data is divided into small data blocks, and then an equivalent learnable scheme is used to replace the OMP algorithm in the tracking stage. Finally, each data block is denoised by tracking. The weighted average of the tracked data blocks is obtained, and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified by the actual data.
Comparative analysis of the application of different GPR devices in the concealed karst detection of railway slopes
Authors: Chao Zhou , Junjun Jin , Siwei Zhao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Due to its strong concealment and irregular development, concealed karst brings great hidden dangers to the construction and operation of railways in karst areas. It is a focus and difficulty to seek efficient and accurate detection methods. Because of its advantages of high efficiency, non-destructiveness and low cost, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been widely used in the detection of underground hidden karsts of railways, highways and cities in recent years. Based on the Guiyang-Nanning high-speed railway under construction, this paper applies two different kinds of GPR devices to detect the hidden karst of a rock slope. The detection results of two kinds of GPR instruments are compared and analyzed in detail, and the detection results are verified by excavation. The results show that the two different kinds of GPR instruments can obtain better detection results in the exploration of hidden karst geological bodies, which can provide some references for the selection of instruments for similar concealed karst exploration work.
Application of ground-penetrating radar based on U-Net in the statistics on the bonded area of external wall insulation
Authors: Wang J , Li Y , Jiang Z , Liu M , Gong J , Yang X , Lan T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The insulation of external walls of buildings often suffers from various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately detect the bonding area of the insulation layer. Ground-penetrating radar is a non-destructive detection method that can effectively determine the bonding status. In this paper, FDTD forward simulation of the exterior wall insulation layer by ground-penetrating radar is carried out, and the GPR images of the 4GHZ and 6GHZ antennas are simulated, respectively, and field experiments are conducted to collect the stepped frequency vector net data of 2.5-8GHZ and 6-8GHZ. The data obtained are processed by using the improved SP-ICA clutter suppression algorithm, followed by the improved loss function of the U-Net and training. The F1_score of the obtained model can reach 0.8399, and the error of bonding area statistics is 0.23%, which realizes more accurate semantic segmentation and area statistics.
Numerical parametric study for ballast assessment using SVM applied to GPR data
Authors: T Ernest Mbubia , Guilbert David , Tissier Jérome , Martin Antoine , Dezert Théo , Fargier Yannick , Ihamouten Amine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores novel radar-based methodologies for ballast fouling evaluation and structural anomalies in railway structures. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), coupled with numerical modeling, is utilized to provide insights into ballast condition and structure. Various data processing methods, including the Matrix Pencil Method (MPM) and Full Waveform Inversion (FWI), are investigated for their effectiveness in detecting fouling. Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based machine learning approaches are employed to enhance classification accuracy. The results demonstrate that integrating raw GPR signals with MPM yields the most accurate classification results, facilitating eﬃcient assessment of ballast condition and contributing to improved railway maintenance strategies.
Russian RES and GPR research in Antarctica
Authors: Popov S V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Russian (former Soviet Union) investigations of Antarctica by radio-echo sounding (RES) were commenced in 1964. In two years later, ice-penetrating radar has been fixed on board the airplane IL-14 opening the door to future airborne studying of the Antarctic ice sheet and bedrock topography. By present the ground-based profiles and mostly airborne RES flights have covered more than 5.5 mln. sq. km of icy continent. Since 1985 Russian airborne research concentrated to study 60E – 110E sector of East Antarctica carrying out 5-km apart surveys. In the period of 1990s – 2010s ground-based RES research in scientific traverses were concentrated to study Lake Vostok and the Antarctic inland. Systematic Russian ground-penetrating radar (GPR) investigations was commenced in 2010s. Mostly it was a reason to study and revealing of crevasses in the area of logistic traverse route and other safety supply of the logistic operations. As well GPR engineering research used to find a right place to construct a new snow-runway at Mirny Station, also to investigate icy-runway at Novolazarevskaya Station and new snow airfield Zenith, near Progress Station, East Antarctica.
A Study on the Characteristics of Time-lapse Full-Polarimetric GPR for Ice Fractures
Authors: An Yafei , Feng Xuan , Lu Qi , Khuut Tseeulam , Yang Jiarun , Dong Zejun , Zhou Haoqiu , Zhang Minghe , Zhang Yinghao , Enhedelihai  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Real time detection of ice fractures is crucial for the safety of Antarctic scientific research and understanding the ice cracking process caused by avalanches. Using a full-polarimetric ground penetrating radar (FP-GPR) system to detect ice fractures, the scattering matrix obtained is processed using polarization decomposition. Compared to traditional single polarization radar, we can obtain more comprehensive and intuitive information about ice fractures. This study uses the Time-lapse FP-GPR method to detect ice fractures, and extracts the polarimetric attributes of fracture targets using Pauli decomposition and Freeman decomposition methods. The results indicate that polarimetric target decomposition is an effective method for identifying fractures, and the results in this paper provide important theoretical support and technical guidance for using time-lapse FP-GPR to detect surface ice fractures in practice.
DL-GPRd: Deep Learning for Ground Penetrating Radar Deconvolution
Authors: Roncoroni G. , Forte E. , Pipan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a vital tool for subsurface investigation, but traditional deconvolution methods have limitations. This study explores the integration of Deep Learning (DL) techniques to enhance GPR data processing. The model utilizes Bi-Directional LSTM neurons and synthetic data generation for training. Results show improved resolution and reduced noise compared to classical methods. Computational analysis highlights the efficiency of the approach, with faster prediction times. This DL-based deconvolution offers promising advancements for GPR imaging, enhancing subsurface characterization and exploration capabilities.
Time–lapse monitoring of soil water content by full GPR waveform inversion with Grey Wolf Optimizer
Authors: Zhang M H , Bano M , Feng X 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) has become a powerful geophysical technique for investigating soil water dynamics. In this study, we proposed an inversion scheme based on Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) to monitor the change of SWC from the time-lapse of the full waveform of GPR data. The scheme was applied to GPR data acquired during a drainage experiment. Five traces at different times were selected in the experiment. The results show that the proposed scheme is very promising for directly and non-invasively monitoring of SWC change from the time-lapse of the full waveform inversion of GPR data based on field scale GWO algorithm.
Mapping engineering communications based on radiovision and augmented reality technologies
Authors: Khmelev Vitaly , Tseplyaev Ilya , Shipilov Sergey , Fedyanin Ivan , Dimov Maxim , Satarov Rail , Romanov Dmitry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The article presents a mathematical apparatus of radio wave tomosynthesis for obtaining a radar image using an ultra-wideband multi-channel antenna array. Also presented are the results of processing radar data and the resulting three-dimensional radio tomogram of inhomogeneities in a homogeneous layer. Using the example of restoring the shape of test objects, the possibility of isolating individual layers at the required depth is shown. By combining radio wave and video information, the possibility of implementing augmented reality is shown. This combination provides a more visual interpretation of GPR data in construction and repair tasks.
Early prediction of Li-ion cell failure from EIS derived from current–voltage time series
Authors: Wilson M T , Farrow V , Dunn C J , Cowie L , Cree M J , Bjerkan J , Stefanovska A , Scott J B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The ability to reliably detect the forthcoming failure of a rechargeable cell without removing it from its normal operating environment remains a significant goal in battery research. In this work we have cycled in the laboratory a previously-aged 3.2 A h, 3.6 V 18650 INR LiNi
x
Mn
y
Co

1
−
x
−
y

O2 cell for 300 d until failure was apparent, using a current waveform representative of use in an electric vehicle application. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) down to 5 µHz was also performed on the cell as a ‘gold-standard’ measure, at the beginning, end and part way through the cycling. Analysis of voltage and current time series data using both parametric (equivalent circuit model) and non-parametric (wavelet-based analysis) approaches allowed us to successfully reconstruct the EIS data. As the battery aged, impedance gradually increased at frequencies between 10−4 Hz—10−1 Hz. The increase accelerated around 50 d before the battery ultimately failed. The acceleration in rate of change of impedance was detectable while the cycle efficiency remained high, indicating that a user of the cell would be unlikely to detect any change in the cell based on its performance or by common measures of state-of-health. The results imply upcoming failure may be detectable from time series analysis weeks before any noticeable drop in cell performance.
Assessment of seismic liquefaction hazard and ground response in subduction zone: A 1D non-linear effective stress approach
Authors: Raza Hammad , Ahmad Naveed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) represents a convergent plate boundary where the Arabian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate. This study assessed liquefaction susceptibility and ground response in Gwadar region, located on the eastern side of MSZ. A comprehensive dataset of seismic records, compatible with Pakistan design code BCP: 2021 rock spectrum, was used as input motions at bedrock. A series of one-dimensional (ID) non-linear effective stress analyses (NL-ESA) was conducted using DEEPSOIL v7 numerical tool. The findings revealed that pore water pressure ratio (ru) exceeded the threshold value for liquefaction onset (ru > 0.8) at various depths within the site profiles. A significant de-amplification of peak ground acceleration values was observed at liquefiable depths in soft soils. The liquefied stratum exhibited a non-linear response, with high shear strain values manifesting plastic deformations. A comparison of computed design spectra with code spectra revealed significant discrepancies. It is demonstrated that BCP: 2021 underestimated site amplification for site class D profiles in the 0.1 to 0.8 s period range, while overestimating it for site class E profiles across the entire period range up to 1.6 s. The findings will benefit infrastructure development in the region, particularly within the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
Humanism Not Mysterious
Authors: Insole Christopher J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the light of recent anthropological fieldwork on humanist groups, the chapter explores tensions in the practices and commitments of contemporary humanism. For humanists, a genuinely secure and ‘permitted’ happiness arises only from contemplating and understanding objective truth. This relates to a generative humanist assumption: that objective truth is, in the end, somehow, good for us, beautiful, and inducive of ethically transformative behaviour. This amounts to a denial that there is any fundamental tension between the subjective and objective perspectives on our lives, which tension, for others, can be a generating source of both religious worship, and of atheistic rebellion. The deepest disagreement in this neighbourhood may not be between humanist and ‘religious’ perspectives, but between approaches that endorse such ‘humanism’ about objective truth, and ‘inhumanists’, such as Albert Camus and Robinson Jeffers, who affirm that to some degree objective truth may be ‘inhuman’.
William James’ Radical Empiricism and Modern Paganism
Authors: Insole Christopher J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
William James’ radical empiricism is a largely forgotten moment in nineteenth- and twentieth-century philosophy. In contrast to a corrosive and reductive Humean empiricism, ‘radical’ empiricism considers every type of experience to enjoy the same status, qua being an experience, There is no hierarchical ordering, such that some experiences are regarded as ‘representing’ external reality, and others as not doing so. Although James does not take it to such a ‘radical’ space, we might also include experiences such as dreams, imagination, and meditations. William James endorses a type of ‘pluralistic pantheism’ as a manifestation of his radical empiricism. Drawing on the work of the anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann, and the historian of paganism Ronald Hutton, the chapter investigates the extent to which we might find a manifestation of such pluralistic pantheism, grounded in radical empiricism, in the practices and experiences of modern paganism.
Absolute Idealism and Derek Parfit on What Really Matters
Authors: Insole Christopher J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The absolute idealist Josiah Royce (1855–1916) recommends a binocular vision, where we are able to see our lives as limited by our finite perspective, but also grasp (without seeing) that they are part of this wider symphonic whole. William James is critical of Royce, accusing him of overlooking the fluid and fragmented nature of our temporal existence. The chapter queries this critique, and shows that James and Royce have considerable common ground: both deny that our experiences and thoughts somehow ‘represent’ an independent reality, and both employ the category of divinity as central to their task of overcoming the distinction between subject and object, and between the subjective and objective perspectives upon ourselves. The chapter concludes by suggesting that there are some affinities between absolute idealism and Derek Parfit’s defence of a non-naturalistic but non-metaphysical notion of the normative, although Parfit, unlike Royce, avoids the category of the divine.
Impact of alcohol use disorder on cognition in correlation with aging: a community-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Essa Hesham , Ali Hossam M , Min Paul H , Ali Dina N , Lowe Val , Petersen Ronald C , Knopman David S , Lundt Emily S , Mester Carly T , Bormann Nicholas L , Choi Doo-Sup 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims
Excessive alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Since increased amyloid plaque burden exacerbates cognitive decline, we sought to assess the potential impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on cognition, memory, and amyloid burden corresponding with age.

Methods
We conducted the retrospective analysis with 6036 subjects, including 269 AUD+ subjects. A four-item CAGE (C—Cutting Down, A—Annoyance by Criticism, G—Guilty Feeling, E—Eye-openers) alcohol questionnaire was given during the recruitment to determine AUD in each participant. We assessed cognitive function, focusing on memory using neuropsychological testing. For 1038 participants, including 57 AUD+ subjects, we measured amyloid burden using the 11C Pittsburgh Compound B tracer-based positron emission tomography imaging.

Results
AUD+ was significantly associated with lower scores of cognition and memory function relative to AUD− individuals. No significant association was found with AUD and elevated brain amyloid under the age of 65. However, further analysis showed that those aged ≥65 showed greater odds for abnormal amyloid in AUD+ compared to AUD− participants.

Conclusions
Our results underscore AUD as a risk factor for cognitive decline and diminished memory, particularly in aging populations. The role of AUD in brain amyloid accumulation requires further study.
Multiple Serratus- and High-Oblique LipoTransfer Guided by Ultrasound (Multi-SHOT): Cadaveric and Clinical Study
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E , Proto Ricardo , Perez Pachon Mauricio E , Borras Osorio Mariana , Castiblanco Maria Paula 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Body contouring procedures are now increasingly popular among male patients who desire a lean and athletic appearance. Dynamic Definition Liposculpture (HD2) employs a comprehensive, 360° approach to achieve natural-looking results. Several authors have highlighted the efficacy and safety of fat grafting techniques in body contouring, which are strategically applied to enhance muscle definition.

Objectives
The authors are reporting their experience with ultrasound-guided intramuscular fat grafting to the serratus anterior muscles and the superior third of the internal and external oblique muscles (Multi-SHOT) in addition to high-definition liposculpture.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study across 2 specialized plastic surgery centers. This study included adult male patients with ectomorph and mesomorph body biotypes who underwent Multi-SHOT in addition to HD2. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to summarize demographic, surgical, and clinical variables. Given the sample size, high satisfaction rates, and low complication rates, no bivariate analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 81 consecutive male patients underwent high-definition liposculpture combined with the Multi-SHOT technique. The mean age was 40.27 years (SD = 8.34 years), and the mean BMI was 26.79 kg/m2 (standard deviation = 2.47 kg/m2). Additional fat grafting of trunk muscles was performed to enhance the aesthetic outcomes. No complications associated with the technique were reported.

Conclusions
The findings provide valuable insights about the safety and efficacy of the Multi-SHOT technique to enhance the athletic and muscular appearance of the male anterior torso. Further studies with greater sample size are required to support these findings.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)