bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytische Therapie des akuten Herzinfarktes
Authors: Grünewald M. , Seifried E. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der vorliegenden Metaanalyse wurden die Daten von ungefähr 100000 Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt (AMI) aus 300 klinischen Thrombolysestudien ausgewertet. In einer vergleichenden Analyse wurden vor allem die Effektivität der gegenwärtig angewandten Plasminogenaktivatoren und der Einfluß einer frühen gegenüber einer späten begleitenden Heparintherapie geprüft.Eine frühzeitige Wiedereröffnung thrombotisch verschlossener Koronarien konnte mit den neuen Plasminogenaktivatoren oder mit intrakoronarer Lyse signifikant häufiger erreicht werden als mit intravenöser Streptokinaseinfusion. Die kumulativen Krankenhaussterblichkeitsraten lagen zwischen 4% und 9%. Die Ergebnisse der Metaanalyse lassen darauf schließen, daß der frühzeitige Beginn der Antikoagulanzienbehandlung mit Heparin für die thrombolytische Therapie mit rt-PA obligatorisch ist. Der Zeitpunkt des Beginns der prophylaktischen Antikoagulation bei der Thrombolysebehandlung mit Streptokinase oder APSAC beeinflußte das Therapieergebnis nicht signifikant. Die thrombolytische Behandlung mit intravenös verabreichtem rt-PA war signifikant gegenüber allen derzeitig angewandten thrombolytischen Behandlungsstrategien überlegen, wenn eine effektive antithrombotische Therapie stattfand.
Hämostaseologische und molekulare Diagnostik des Von-Willebrand-Syndroms
Authors: Schneppenheim R. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungSeit der Erstbeschreibung des Von-Willebrand-Syndroms (vWS) als »Hereditär Pseudohemofili« durch Erik Adolf von Willebrand 1926 schaffte erst die Verfügbarkeit moderner hämostaseologischer und in letzter Zeit auch molekularer Methoden die Voraussetzung für die heutigen Kenntnisse über die Genetik und die Natur der zugrundeliegenden quantitativen, funktionellen und molekularen Defekte. Die bekannte ausgeprägte Heterogenität der klinischen Symptome und der Laborparameter korrespondiert mit der Natur und der Lokalisation der molekularen Defekte in definierten Regionen des multifunktionellen Von-Willebrand-Faktors. Das diagnostische Vorgehen und die Indikationen für zusätzliche molekulargenetische Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung der verschiedenen heute bekannten Typen und Subtypen des vWS werden dargestellt.
Molekularbiologische Grundlagen und Diagnostik der Hämophilie A
Authors: Mannhalter Christine 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der DNA-Technologie ermöglichen heute den routinemäßigen Einsatz der Genanalyse zur Identifikation von Überträgerinnen der Hämophilie A sowie zur pränatalen Diagnose. Die Anwendung dieser mittlerweile sehr wichtigen Labormethoden in Kombination mit Gerinnungsanalysen, immunologischen Methoden und Stammbaumanalysen erlaubt eine weitaus sicherere Diagnose des Konduktorinnenstatus als dies noch vor wenigen Jahren der Fall war. Die Entwicklung effizienter Methoden zur direkten Detektion der kausalen Mutationen und besonders die Identifikation der Inversion im Intron 22 des FVIII-Gens bei etwa 50% der Patienten mit schwerer Hämophilie A bedeuten eine wesentliche Verbesserung bei der Erstellung einer genetischen Diagnose. Fortschritte der verschiedenen Technologien werden sicher in naher Zukunft einen direkten Mutationsnachweis und damit eine zuverlässige Diagnose der Konduktorinnen der Hämophilie A in allen Familien ermöglichen.
The Optimal Suture Placement and Bone Tunnels for TFCC Repair: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Tang Peter , Fujio Keiji , Strauch Robert , Rosenwasser Melvin , Matsumoto Taiichi 
Published: June 2018

Background Transosseous repair of foveal detachment of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is effective for distal radioulnar joint stabilization. However, studies of the optimal foveal and TFCC suture positions are scant.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the optimal TFCC suture position and bone tunnels for transosseous foveal repair.
Materials and Methods Seven cadavers were utilized. The TFCC was incised at the foveal insertion and sutured at six locations (TFCCs 1–6) using inelastic sutures. Six osseous tunnels were created in the fovea (foveae 1–6). Fovea 2 is located at the center of the circle formed by the ulnar head overlooking the distal end of the ulna (theoretical center of rotation); fovea 5 is located 2 mm ulnar to fovea 2. TFCC 5 is at the ulnar apex of the TFCC disc; TFCC 4 is 2 mm dorsal to TFCC 5. TFCC 1 to 6 sutures were then placed through each of the six osseous tunnels, resulting in 36 combinations, which were individually tested. The forearm was placed in five positions between supination and pronation, and the degree of suture displacement was measured. The position with the least displacement indicated the isometric point of the TFCC and fovea.
Results The mean distance of suture displacement was 2.4 ± 1.6 mm. Fovea 2, combined with any TFCC location, (0.7 ± 0.6 mm) and fovea group 5, combined with TFCC 4 location (0.8 ± 0.8) or with TFCC 5 location (0.9 ± 0.6) had statistically shorter suture displacements than any other fovea groups.
Conclusion For TFCC transosseous repair, osseous tunnel position was more important than TFCC suture location.
Current Practices of Antiseptic Use in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: McCord Helen , Fieldhouse Elise , El-Naggar Walid 
Published: June 2018

Objective This article assesses the degree of variability in the current practice of skin antiseptics used in Canadian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and different experiences related to each antiseptic used.
Methods An anonymous survey was distributed to a clinical representative of each of the 124 Canadian level II and level III NICUs.
Results One hundred and two respondents (82.2%), representing all Canadian provinces, completed the survey. Chlorhexidine gluconate with/without alcohol was the antiseptic most used (96%) and the antiseptic with the highest reported adverse effects (68% reported skin burns/breakdown). Other antiseptics used include povidone-iodine (35%) and isopropyl alcohol (22%). Specific guidelines for antiseptic use were available in only 50% of the units with many NICUs lacking gestational and/or chronological age restrictions. Only 23% of responders believed that there was awareness among health care providers of the adverse effects of antiseptics used. Less than half (43%) were completely satisfied with the antiseptics used in their units.
Conclusion Chlorhexidine gluconate is the most commonly used antiseptic in Canadian NICUs. The high number of associated adverse effects and the lack of guidelines regulating antiseptic use are of concern. Large clinical trials are urgently needed to guide practice and improve the safety of antiseptics.
Point of Care 2.0: Gerinnungsdiagnostik mit ROTEM® sigma und TEG® 6s
Authors: Weber Christian , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungTEG® 6s und ROTEM® sigma sind die neueste Generation von 2 häufig perioperativ eingesetzten Point-of-Care-Methoden zur Gerinnungsdiagnostik. Sie basieren auf Systemen zur automatischen Probenvorbereitung und -analyse mit Einweg-Testkassetten – personal- und zeitintensives Pipettieren entfällt größtenteils. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Testprinzipien und diskutiert Vor- und Nachteile bei der Integration der Methoden in den klinischen Alltag.
Whole-genome data reveal the complex history of a diverse ecological community
Authors: Bunnefeld Lynsey , Hearn Jack , Stone Graham N. , Lohse Konrad 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Widespread biological communities are common, but little is known about how they assemble. A key question is how sets of trophically linked species (predators and their prey, hosts and parasites) spread to occupy current distributions. Do they disperse together, preserving ecological interactions, or separately, such that interactions are interrupted? This is central to assessing the potential for coevolution in a system and requires inference of species associations both over space and through time. Here, we use de novo genomic data and likelihood-based approaches to infer the assembly history of a multispecies community of Western Palearctic insect herbivores and parasitoid natural enemies—the two trophic groups that together comprise 50% of all animal species.
Learning atoms for materials discovery
Authors: Zhou Quan , Tang Peizhe , Liu Shenxiu , Pan Jinbo , Yan Qimin , Zhang Shou-Cheng 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Motivated by the recent achievements of artificial intelligence (AI) in linguistics, we design AI to learn properties of atoms from materials data on its own. Our work realizes knowledge representation of atoms via computers and could serve as a foundational step toward materials discovery and design fully based on machine learning.
Arthropods in modern resins reveal if amber accurately recorded forest arthropod communities
Authors: Solórzano Kraemer Mónica M. , Delclòs Xavier , Clapham Matthew E. , Arillo Antonio , Peris David , Jäger Peter , Stebner Frauke , Peñalver Enrique 
Published: June 2018

SignificanceIt is not known whether the fossil content of amber accurately represents the arthropod biodiversity of past forests, and if and how those fossils can be compared with recent fauna for studies and predictions of biodiversity change through time. Our study of arthropods (mainly insects and spiders) living around the resinous angiosperm treeHymenaea verrucosaGaertner, 1791 in the lowland coastal forest of Madagascar, and arthropods trapped by the resin produced by this tree species, demonstrates that amber does not record the true past biodiversity of the entire forest. However, our results reveal how taphonomic processes, arthropod behaviors, and ecological relationships can influence arthropod death assemblages in resins and play a crucial role in controlling their taxonomic compositions.
Kinetically guided radical-based synthesis of C(sp
3
)−C(sp
3
) linkages on DNA
Authors: Wang Jie , Lundberg Helena , Asai Shota , Martín-Acosta Pedro , Chen Jason S. , Brown Stephen , Farrell William , Dushin Russell G. , O’Donnell Christopher J. , Ratnayake Anokha S. , Richardson Paul , Liu Zhiqing , Qin Tian , Blackmond Donna G. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Combinatorial synthesis via DNA encoded library (DEL) has evolved as a technology of great importance in drug discovery. However, the idiosyncratic aqueous, dilute, DNA-sensitive parameters and infinitesimal scale of this system present new challenges for traditional organic reactions. A detailed protocol aiding the transition from organic reactions to reactions with DNA-bound molecules was developed using a tactical combination of kinetic analysis and reaction screening. As an example, the venerable Giese addition was applied to forge high-value C−C bonds, including all-carbon quaternary centers, on DNA, representing the first radical-based synthesis in DEL that expands the traditional toolbox beyond pericyclic, carbonyl-based, and two-electron cross-couplings.
Can international elite sport success trickle down to mass sport participation? Evidence from Danish team handball
Authors: Storm Rasmus K. , Nielsen Christian Gjersing , Jakobsen Tor Georg 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany scholars do not find evidence of a trickle‐down effect from elite sport success to mass sport participation. Contrary to what is assumed by the trickle‐down effect “theorem”, successful elite sportspeople do not seem to inspire amateurs to take up sport themselves. However, recent studies present evidence that elite sport can have an influence. In this article, we apply regression models on time series data from one of the most successful Danish sports, team handball. Our findings are mixed, but lean towards supporting scholars who argue that trickle‐down effects are not necessarily an inherent part of international sporting success. Further studies should examine more sports to identify where trickle‐down effects occur and why.
Weighted Beckmann problem with boundary costs
Authors: Dweik Samer 
Published: June 2018

We show that a solution to a variant of the Beckmann problem can be obtained by studying the limit of some weighted

p
−

p-

Laplacian problems. More precisely, we find a solution to the following minimization problem:

min

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\begin{equation*} \min \bigg \{\int _\Omega k \,\mathrm {d}|w| + \int _{\partial \Omega } g^-\,\mathrm {d}\nu ^- - \int _{\partial \Omega } g^+\,\mathrm {d}\nu ^+\,:\,w \in \mathcal {M}^d(\Omega ),\,\nu \in \mathcal {M}(\partial \Omega ),\,-\nabla \cdot w =f + \nu \bigg \}, \end{equation*}

where

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,

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, and

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are given. In addition, we connect this problem to a formulation with Kantorovich potentials with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Pitavastatin Upregulates Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar–Kyoto Rats
Authors: Hu Gaizun , Ito Osamu , Rong Rong , Sakuyama Akihiro , Miura Takahiro , Ito Daisuke , Ogawa Yoshiko , Kohzuki Masahiro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Clinical trials show potent renoprotective effects of pitavastatin (PTV), although the precise mechanism for these renoprotective effects is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV, focusing on the nitric oxide (NO) system.

METHODS
Male, 6-week-old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomized to receive vehicle or PTV (2 mg/kg bodyweight) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured every 2 weeks. After 8 weeks, plasma biochemical parameters and renal histology were examined. NO synthase isoform (neuronal, nNOS; inducible, iNOS; and endothelial, eNOS) expression and eNOS phosphorylation were examined by western blotting.

RESULTS
PTV attenuated hypertension and albuminuria development in SHR. PTV decreased glomerular desmin expression and medullary interstitial fibrosis in SHR. PTV tended to increase plasma NO in both strains but significantly increased urinary NO excretion only in WKY. PTV significantly increased nNOS and eNOS expression, enhanced eNOS phosphorylation at serine1177, and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine495 in the kidney of both strains.

CONCLUSIONS
PTV treatment led to increased renal NOS expression and upregulated eNOS activity in both SHR and WKY. The antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV may be related to upregulation of the NO system.
LncFinder: an integrated platform for long non-coding RNA identification utilizing sequence intrinsic composition, structural information and physicochemical property
Authors: Han Siyu , Liang Yanchun , Ma Qin , Xu Yangyi , Zhang Yu , Du Wei , Wang Cankun , Li Ying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDiscovering new long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been a fundamental step in lncRNA-related research. Nowadays, many machine learning-based tools have been developed for lncRNA identification. However, many methods predict lncRNAs using sequence-derived features alone, which tend to display unstable performances on different species. Moreover, the majority of tools cannot be re-trained or tailored by users and neither can the features be customized or integrated to meet researchers’ requirements. In this study, features extracted from sequence-intrinsic composition, secondary structure and physicochemical property are comprehensively reviewed and evaluated. An integrated platform named LncFinder is also developed to enhance the performance and promote the research of lncRNA identification. LncFinder includes a novel lncRNA predictor using the heterologous features we designed. Experimental results show that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art tools on multiple species with more robust and satisfactory results. Researchers can additionally employ LncFinder to extract various classic features, build classifier with numerous machine learning algorithms and evaluate classifier performance effectively and efficiently. LncFinder can reveal the properties of lncRNA and mRNA from various perspectives and further inspire lncRNA–protein interaction prediction and lncRNA evolution analysis. It is anticipated that LncFinder can significantly facilitate lncRNA-related research, especially for the poorly explored species. LncFinder is released as R package (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=LncFinder). A web server (http://bmbl.sdstate.edu/lncfinder/) is also developed to maximize its availability.
The choice of sequence homologs included in multiple sequence alignments has a dramatic impact on evolutionary conservation analysis
Authors: Gil Nelson , Fiser Andras 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The analysis of sequence conservation patterns has been widely utilized to identify functionally important (catalytic and ligand-binding) protein residues for over a half-century. Despite decades of development, on average state-of-the-art non-template-based functional residue prediction methods must predict ∼25% of a protein’s total residues to correctly identify half of the protein’s functional site residues. The overwhelming proportion of false positives results in reported ‘F-Scores’ of ∼0.3. We investigated the limits of current approaches, focusing on the so-far neglected impact of the specific choice of homologs included in multiple sequence alignments (MSAs).

Results
The limits of conservation-based functional residue prediction were explored by surveying the binding sites of 1023 proteins. A straightforward conservation analysis of MSAs composed of randomly selected homologs sampled from a PSI-BLAST search achieves average F-Scores of ∼0.3, a performance matching that reported by state-of-the-art methods, which often consider additional features for the prediction in a machine learning setting. Interestingly, we found that a simple combinatorial MSA sampling algorithm will in almost every case produce an MSA with an optimal set of homologs whose conservation analysis reaches average F-Scores of ∼0.6, doubling state-of-the-art performance. We also show that this is nearly at the theoretical limit of possible performance given the agreement between different binding site definitions. Additionally, we showcase the progress in this direction made by Selection of Alignment by Maximal Mutual Information (SAMMI), an information-theory-based approach to identifying biologically informative MSAs. This work highlights the importance and the unused potential of optimally composed MSAs for conservation analysis.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Wealth and the health of older Black women in the United States
Authors: Sharma Andy 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Public health scholars and policy-makers are concerned that the United States continues to experience unmanageable health care costs while struggling with issues surrounding access and equity. To addresses these and other key issues, the National Academy of Medicine held a public symposium, Vital Directions for Health and Health Care: A National Conversation during September 2016, with the goal of identifying clear priorities for high-value health care and improved well-being. One important area was addressing social determinants of health. This article contributes to this objective by investigating the impact of wealth on older Black women’s health. Employing the 2008/2010 waves of the RAND Health and Retirement Study on a sample of 906 older Black women, this panel study examined self-assessed health ratings of very good/good/fair/poor within a relaxed random effects framework, thereby controlling for both (i) observed and (ii) unobserved individual-level heterogeneity. This analysis did not find a statistically significant association with wealth despite a difference of approximately $75 000 in its valuation from very good to poor health. This also occurred after wealth was (i) readjusted for outliers and (ii) reformulated as negative, no change or positive change from 2008. This finding suggests that wealth may not play as integral a role. However, the outcome was significant for earnings and education, particularly higher levels of education. Scholars should further this inquiry to better understand how earnings/education/wealth operate as social determinants of health for minority populations.
A transcultural health education programme led by immigrant adolescents in Southern Spain
Authors: Soriano-Ayala Encarnación , Cala Verónica C 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Immigration to western countries is a relevant phenomenon that has been linked to health inequalities. One form of inequality is ethnocentrism in health programmes. Therefore, social innovations and a new transcultural approach have been developed to culturally adapt health education interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a double transcultural health intervention, the Leader Adolescents in Transcultural Health Education (LATES) Project, which is led by high school immigrant adolescents over elementary students of multicultural contexts in southeastern Spain. This double quasi-experimental study had experimental and control groups composed of secondary students (12 health cultural brokers with 36 controls) and elementary students (26 participant students and 26 controls). The LATES Project was delivered to two high schools and two elementary schools in Almeria (Spain). A mixed evaluation method was used. Six attitudinal scales were used pre- and post-intervention to collect the data. The quantitative evaluation was completed using qualitative techniques through in-depth interviews and focal groups. Four sociocultural gradients were identified pre-intervention: a positive rural gradient, a negative gender gradient except in traditional ‘female’ dimensions, a negative age gradient and a dual migrant gradient that combined the health migrant effect in some behaviours and westernization in others. Specifically, the Moroccan population demonstrated better attitudes towards eating and physical activity behaviours. After the intervention, the experimental groups showed more improvement than the controls. However, the attitudinal scale increment is modest compared with the knowledge and motivation improvements. This intervention, which used a transcultural approach, has benefited young Spaniards to a greater extent than immigrants, probably due to the worse initial health conditions of the Spanish.
Breech at the Border: An Atypical Case of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in a Patient on a Novel Immunotherapeutic
Authors: Howard-Anderson Jessica , Satola Sarah W , Collins Matthew H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae rarely causes pyogenic infections in the female genital tract, and even less commonly does this lead to systemic infections. Novel monoclonal antibody therapies targeting interleukin-17 may impair mucosal immunity, but increased risk for H. influenzae infections has not been documented. Here, we describe a case of H. influenzae bacteremia associated with pyosalpinx and hypothesize that immunomodulatory treatment for psoriasis predisposed our patient to this infection.
Repetitive Practice With Peer Mentoring to Foster Skill Competence and Retention in Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Ross Jennifer Gunberg 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A one-group, repeated-measures study explored the effect of repetitive practice with peer mentoring on skill competence and retention of vital signs and auscultation of breath and heart sounds in baccalaureate nursing students. Vital signs competence significantly increased after repetitive practice with peer mentoring. Skill competence in vital signs and auscultation of breath and heart sounds did not significantly change four months after repetitive practice with peer mentoring. This study suggests that repetitive practice with peer mentoring may show promise to enhance skill competence and retention; however, more research is needed to support these findings.