bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Conversion and Collisionless Plasma Dissipation Channels in the Turbulent Magnetosheath Observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission
Authors: Chasapis Alexandros , Yang Y. , Matthaeus W. H. , Parashar T. N. , Haggerty C. C. , Burch J. L. , Moore T. E. , Pollock C. J. , Dorelli J. , Gershman D. J. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Analysis of high-resolution Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission plasma and magnetic field data directly reveals the exchanges of energy between electromagnetic and flow energy and between microscopic flows and random kinetic energy in the inhomogeneous turbulent magnetosheath. The computed rates of exchange are based on exact results from the collisionless Vlasov model of plasma dynamics, without appeal to viscous or other closures. The description includes analyses of several structures observed in intervals of burst mode data in the magnetosheath, revealing pathways of energy exchange at sub-ion scales. Time-series of the work done by the electromagnetic field, and the pressure–stress interaction, enable description of the pathways to dissipation in this low-collisionality plasma. This method does not require any specific mechanism for its application, such as reconnection or a selected mode, although with increased experience it will be useful for distinguishing between proposed possibilities.
Toward Consistent Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics in Exoplanets: Validation and Generalization of the Chemical Relaxation Method
Authors: Tsai Shang-Min , Kitzmann Daniel , Lyons James R. , Mendonça João , Grimm Simon L. , Heng Kevin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Motivated by the work of Cooper & Showman, we revisit the chemical relaxation method, which seeks to enhance the computational efficiency of chemical kinetics calculations by replacing the chemical network with a handful of independent source/sink terms. Chemical relaxation solves the evolution of the system and can treat disequilibrium chemistry, as the source/sink terms are driven toward chemical equilibrium on a prescribed chemical timescale, but it has surprisingly never been validated. First, we generalize the treatment by forgoing the use of a single chemical timescale, instead developing a pathway analysis tool that allows us to identify the rate-limiting reaction as a function of temperature and pressure. For the interconversion between methane and carbon monoxide, and between ammonia and molecular nitrogen, we identify the key rate-limiting reactions for conditions relevant to currently characterizable exo-atmospheres (500–3000 K, 0.1 mbar to 1 kbar). Second, we extend chemical relaxation to include carbon dioxide and water. Third, we examine the role of metallicity and the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in chemical relaxation. Fourth, we apply our pathway analysis tool to diagnose the differences between our chemical network and that of Moses and Venot. Finally, we validate the chemical relaxation method against full chemical kinetics calculations in one dimension. For WASP-18b-, HD 189733b-, and GJ 1214-b-like atmospheres, we show that chemical relaxation is mostly accurate to within an order of magnitude, a factor of 2, and ∼10%, respectively. The level of accuracy attained allows for the chemical relaxation method to be included in three-dimensional general circulation models.
Electron Energy Distributions in H ii Regions and Planetary Nebulae: κ-distributions Do Not Apply
Authors: Draine B. T. , Kreisch C. D. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Some authors have proposed that electron energy distributions in H ii regions and planetary nebulae may be significantly nonthermal, and κ-distributions have been suggested as being appropriate. Here it is demonstrated that the electron energy distribution function is extremely close to a Maxwellian up to electron kinetic energies of

in H ii regions, and up to

in planetary nebulae: κ-distributions are inappropriate. The small departures from a Maxwellian have negligible effects on line ratios. When observed line ratios in H ii regions deviate from models with a single electron temperature, it must arise from spatial variations in electron temperature, rather than local deviations from a Maxwellian.
On the Numerical Robustness of the Streaming Instability: Particle Concentration and Gas Dynamics in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Li 李日 Rixin 新 , Youdin Andrew N. , Simon Jacob B. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks. Nonlinear particle clumping from the SI can trigger gravitational collapse into planetesimals. To better understand the numerical robustness of the SI, we perform a suite of vertically stratified 3D simulations with fixed physical parameters known to produce strong clumping. We vary the numerical implementation, namely, the computational domain size and the vertical boundary conditions (vBCs), comparing newly implemented outflow vBCs to the previously used periodic and reflecting vBCs. We find strong particle clumping by the SI is mostly independent of the vBCs. However, peak particle densities are higher in larger simulation domains due to a larger particle mass reservoir. We report SI-triggered zonal flows, i.e., azimuthally banded radial variations of gas pressure. These structures have low amplitudes, insufficient to halt particle radial drift, confirming that particle trapping in gas pressure maxima is not the mechanism of the SI. We find that outflow vBCs produce artificially large gas outflow rates at vertical boundaries. However, the outflow vBCs reduce artificial reflections at vertical boundaries, allowing more particle sedimentation, and showing less temporal variation and better convergence with box size. The radial spacing of dense particle filaments is ∼0.15 gas scale heights (H) for all vBCs, which sets the feeding zone for planetesimal growth in self-gravitating simulations. Our results validate the use of the outflow vBCs in SI simulations, even with vertical boundaries close (≤0.4H) to the disk midplane. Overall, our study demonstrates the numerical robustness of nonlinear particle clumping by the SI.
Taxonomy and Light-curve Data of 1000 Serendipitously Observed Main-belt Asteroids
Authors: Erasmus N. , McNeill A. , Mommert M. , Trilling D. E. , Sickafoose A. A. , Gend C. van 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present VRI spectrophotometry of 1003 main-belt asteroids (MBAs) observed with the Sutherland, South Africa node of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). All of the observed MBAs were serendipitously captured in KMTNet’s large 2° × 2° field of view during a separate targeted near-Earth Asteroid study. Our broadband spectrophotometry is reliable enough to distinguish among four asteroid taxonomies and we confidently categorize 836 of the 1003 observed targets as either a S-, C-, X-, or D-type asteroid by means of a machine learning algorithm approach. Our data show that the ratio between S-type MBAs and (C+X+D)-type MBAs, with H magnitudes between 12 and 18 (12 km ≳ diameter ≳ 0.75 km), is almost exactly 1:1. Additionally, we report 0.5–3 hr (median: 1.3 hr) light-curve data for each MBA and we resolve the complete rotation periods and amplitudes for 59 targets. Of the 59 targets, 2 have rotation periods potentially below the theoretical zero-cohesion boundary limit of 2.2 hr. We report lower limits for the rotation periods and amplitudes for the remaining targets. Using the resolved and unresolved light curves we determine the shape distribution for this population using a Monte Carlo simulation. Our model suggests a population with an average elongation b/a = 0.74 ± 0.07 and also shows that this is independent of asteroid size and taxonomy.
Catalog of Chromium, Cobalt, and Nickel Abundances in Globular Clusters and Dwarf Galaxies*
Authors: Kirby Evan N. , Xie Justin L. , Guo Rachel , Kovalev Mikhail , Bergemann Maria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present measurements of the abundances of chromium, cobalt, and nickel in 4113 red giants, including 2277 stars in globular clusters (GCs), 1820 stars in the Milky Way’s dwarf satellite galaxies, and 16 field stars. We measured the abundances from mostly archival Keck/DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy with a resolving power of R ∼ 6500 and a wavelength range of approximately 6500–9000 Å. The abundances were determined by fitting spectral regions that contain absorption lines of the elements under consideration. We used estimates of temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity that we previously determined from the same spectra. We estimated systematic error by examining the dispersion of abundances within mono-metallic GCs. The median uncertainties for [Cr/Fe], [Co/Fe], and [Ni/Fe] are 0.20, 0.20, and 0.13, respectively. Finally, we validated our estimations of uncertainty through duplicate measurements, and we evaluated the accuracy and precision of our measurements through comparison to high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of the same stars.
Transition Probabilities of Emissions and Rotationless Radiative Lifetimes of Vibrational Levels for the SiN Radical
Authors: Xing Wei , Shi Deheng , Sun Jinfeng , Zhu Zunlue 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The transition dipole moments of the SiN radical are calculated by the valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction (icMRCI) approach with the aug-cc-pV6Z basis set. The transition probabilities of spontaneous emissions are computed between the eight lowest-lying doublet states. The vibrational band origins, Einstein coefficients, and Franck–Condon factors of all the spontaneous emissions involved are evaluated. The rotationless radiative lifetimes of the first 15 vibrational levels were determined to be approximately 10−3–10−5 s long for the A2Π state, 10−3–10−7 s long for the F2Π state, 10−6–10−7 s long for the C2Π state, 10−6 s long for the D2Σ− and E2Δ states, and 10−7 s long for the B2Σ+ and G2Δ states. It is observed that the rotationless radiative lifetimes quickly become shorter, with an increase in the vibrational level for the A2Π and F2Π states. The Einstein coefficients of many emissions are large for the B2Σ+–X2Σ+, B2Σ+–A2Π, C2Π–X2Σ+, C2Π–A2Π, D2Σ−–A2Π, E2Δ–A2Π, F2Π–X2Σ+, F2Π–A2Π, and G2Δ–A2Π systems. However, the emissions are very weak for the F2Π–D2Σ− system. The vibrational levels and rotational constants of each state are determined and the spectral range of each transition system is evaluated. The vibrational band origins are compared with the available experimental ones. The spectroscopic routines for detecting the unobserved states are proposed. These results can be employed to measure emissions, in particular those of interstellar clouds and stellar atmospheres.
Les transformations culturelles du capitalisme dans El desfile del amor de Sergio Pitol
Authors: Estève Raphaël 
Published: July 2018

Au centre névralgique de l’œuvre la plus importante de Sergio Pitol, El desfile del amor (1984), il y a cette fête de l’année 1942 où se pressent toutes les sommités d’une nouvelle élite issue de la Révolution : une bourgeoisie intellectuelle et artiste, farouchement progressiste, dont un des gestes les plus significatifs est indéniablement la déconstruction des valeurs traditionnelles. C’est précisément cette émancipation assumée de l’individu, parfaitement mise en scène dans le roman, qui va créer les conditions de possibilité culturelles du capitalisme.
La transgresión de género en las primeras obras de Angélica Gorodischer, un ideosema clave para la lectura de los textos
Authors: Yannopoulos Alexis 
Published: July 2018

La periodización establecida por la crítica a partir de los años 90 llevó paradójicamente a desestimar los primeros libros de Angélica Gorodischer (entre otros : Cuentos con soldados (1965), Las pelucas (1968) o Casta luna electrónica (1977). Aunque la escritora argentina es famosa por ser “la máxime representante de la ciencia ficción en Argentina”, postulamos que no se puede apreciar el valor literario de sus textos sin tomar en cuenta los ideosemas que remiten a problemáticas de género social y literario. El análisis del paratexto paródico enfatizará primero la efracción de la nomofática literaria. Examinaremos luego “El abecedario del Rif”, texto paradigmático publicado en Las pelucas (1968) y retomado en Casta luna electrónica (1977) que constituye un verdadero umbral de entrada en la obra de la escritora rosarina. La utilización de un-a narrador-a con identidad sexual fluctuante desempeña un papel fundamental en la economía del relato, planteando asimismo un cuestionamiento radical de las categorías de género.
Vulnerability of vulture populations to elephant impacts in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Rushworth Ian A. , Druce Dave , Craigie John , Coverdale Brent 
Published: July 2018

Elephant were previously widespread in savanna and coastal systems of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), but were virtually extirpated by 1870. Over time, elephant have been reintroduced into their former range in KZN, but always onto small fenced systems (mean size 191.3 km2 ± 87.8 km2, median size 107.0 km2, range 14 km2 – 900 km2). These populations have increased rapidly (8.4% per annum), and although a number of populations are now being managed using contraception, the majority of the populations (66.7%, 14 out of 21) are stocked above the ‘preferred density’ as defined in their approved management plans, while others will soon exceed the preferred density. Vulture populations in KZN are small, declining and already at risk of extinction. In KZN, 94.2% of tree-nesting vulture nests occur in areas with elephant; this could increase to 99.5% in the near future if proposed land-use change takes place. Anthropogenic impacts in the broader landscape mean that there are limited opportunities for vultures to nest elsewhere, and we hypothesise that loss of suitable nesting habitat in existing areas, including through impact of elephant on large trees, could result in declines and even extirpation of these species as breeding residents. Given the demonstrated and potential impacts of elephants on large trees necessary for vulture nesting, it is essential that the role of protected areas and extensive wildlife systems for vultures be adequately taken into account when managing elephant populations. It is important that a precautionary and adaptive management approach is taken regarding management of elephant in areas important for vultures, at least until the ecological interactions between vultures, vegetation, elephant and other drivers are better understood, and until the willingness and ability to manage elephant numbers and impact according to the elephant management plans are demonstrated.
Finite element analysis of the flexural behavior of square CFST beams at ambient and elevated temperature
Authors: Ramli Sulong Nor Hafizah , Javed Muhammad F , Khan Niaz B , Kashif Sardar 
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the finite element (FE) analysis and modeling of square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) members subjected to a flexural load at ambient and elevated temperature. The commercial FE tool ANSYS was used in the 3D modeling taking into consideration material and geometric non-linearities. The developed FE model can accurately predict the ultimate moment capacity of the square CFST members subjected to flexural loads and fire resistance time. A parametric study is conducted using the verified FE model to study the effect of the compressive strength of infilled concrete and the yield strength of the steel tube on the flexural behavior of the square CFST members. The ultimate bending capacity of the CFST members increases by up to 27% when the yield strength of the steel tube increases from 210 MPa to 400 MPa while its fire resistance time decreases. For a D/t ratio equal to 30, the flexural capacity increases by 20% when the compressive strength of the infilled concrete increases from 60 MPa to 100 MPa, while it shows increase in fire resistance time.
Layering Learning for Work-Readiness in a Science Programme
Authors: McKay Marianne , Smith-Tolken Antoinette , Alessandri Anne 
Published: July 2018

In order to prepare our students for a challenging workplace, the Department of Viticulture and Oenology at Stellenbosch University in South Africa have ‘layered’ Engaged Learning strategies throughout the four-year undergraduate degree in an approach that is innovative in a science-based programme. In this research project, we assessed the effects of service-learning (SL) and a six-month internship on student employability by analysing reflections that were collected over a number of years. We also asked industry members whether they felt students had improved in key areas after the final year internship. The student submissions for SL showed evidence of personal growth and transformation, and those for the internship reflected industry requirements for professional skills in a complex and technically demanding milieu. It was found that these engaged experiences provided sound preparation for working life, as well as giving students opportunities for self-questioning and personal growth, which is unusual in the natural sciences learning environment.
Transnational student consultancy – an integrated approach to business students’ learning
Authors: Wohlgemuth Veit , Lehmann Tine , Saulich Christina 
Published: July 2018

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are under pressure to enhance graduate employability. The concept of graduate employability refers to a mix of specific skills, knowledge, and personal attributes; among others internationalisation, innovation, and entrepreneurship skills. This paper asks the question: How can HEI enhance students’ internationalisation, innovation, and entrepreneurship skills in order to foster graduate employability? The authors provide insights into a transnational student consultancy teaching approach that was implemented simultaneously at five European HEI in the winter term of 2017/2018. The paper adds to the practical dimension of internationalisation, entrepreneurship education, and innovation pedagogy by presenting an example of how these interrelated concepts can be integrated into a course for business students. The authors discuss important challenges of implementing transnational consultancy projects at HEI, such as varying academic calendars and administrative requirements, matching student teams and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as managing expectations. Based on participant feedback, this paper draws three lessons learned for lecturers that are involved in transnational teaching projects.
Yes you can, follow your goals! Individual Coaching for female Computer scientists on career development
Authors: Förtsch Silvia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract Earlier results show that female computer scientists show a lower self-efficacy compared to male colleagues. Similarly, gender-typical attributions, in the sense of gender stereotypes, are considered a disorder. As a result, a coaching program that supports computer scientists after a re-entry into professional life also, in a new orientation or with regard to management ambitions has been developed at the University of &lt;blinded&gt;. The measure strengthens computer scientists in their motivational resources and enables them to take advantage of professional opportunities. A scientifically founded analysis of their potential helps the coachees to become aware of their abilities and competences. The coaching program based on the potential analysis, takes important life goals of the coachees into account. Individual career plans are developed in coaching sessions, including a clear definition of the objective and implementation strategy. An open and modern corporate culture offers new opportunities of career paths for female computer scientists. If the company philosophy is based on appreciation of good performance, women in computer science are more motivated strengthen their career ambitions. Keywords: Women in computer science; self-efficacy beliefs; potential analysis; individual coaching;career development
NeuroBoricuas: a novel approach for incorporating neuroscience education in schools of Puerto Rico
Authors: Bravo-Rivera Christian , Díaz-Ríos Manuel , Aldarondo-Hernández Ariadna , Santos-Vera Bermary , Ramos-Medina Liorimar , De Jesús-Burgos María Inés , Bravo-Rivera Héctor , Torrado Aranza , Cabezas-Bou Ernesto , Cruz-Lopez Fabiola , Colón-Mercado Jennifer , Otero-Rivera Jose , Rolon-Reyes Kimberleve , Mendez-Gonzalez Miguel , Ferrer-Acosta Yancy , Zayas-Santiago Astrid , Tejeda Flavia , Merced Amelia , Quintero-Martinez Zarcaly , Landivar Alicia , Colon-Cruz Luis , Crooke-Rosado Jonathan , Rivera-Aponte David , Acevedo-Canabal Agnes , Sosa-Lloréns María A , Quijano-Rivera Eduardo 
Published: July 2018

Puerto Rico is in dire need of transforming its education system to counter the current economic recession and ensure a future with talented Puerto Ricans at the forefront of scientific research and technology development. Here we present a group of neuroscientists and educators, the NeuroBoricuas, committed to revolutionize the scientific culture of Puerto Rico by incorporating neuroscience research training and inquiry-based activities in public and private schools. We carry out our vision through diverse methods, such as community outreach activities, where we promote neuroscience literacy using diverse learning activities. In parallel, we are designing a neuroscience course and textbook with educators to be implemented in schools. We also established neuroscience laboratories in K-12 schools and trained science teachers to manage such laboratories, using equipment from the company “Backyard Brains”. These laboratory experiences are integrated into the academic curriculum in high schools and the equipment is also available for students interested in designing their independent research projects. Lastly, we are expanding a network of committed scientists who partner with educators to help nurture future neuroscientists early in their academic endeavors. Here, we describe our trajectory and our approach to transform scientific education in Puerto Rico.
Integration of HE system of Azerbaijan in the Global World
Authors: Abbasova Ulviyya , Babayeva Natavan 
Published: July 2018

This article deals with the analysis of some important reforms and innovations implemented in the education sector by the government in Azerbaijan. After gaining the independence Azerbaijan started successfully to move forward towards the development as an independent country. The country established the close relations with different international organizations and institutions. After Azerbaijan signed on to the Bologna process, the Ministry of Education developed a comprehensive action plan, calling for the modernizing of the higher education system, a transfer to the credit system, the elaboration of new diploma and the recognition of international documents on higher education. As a result, the government of Azerbaijan started the implementation processes of reforms focused on the improvement of the quality of education in order to integrate to international standards. The Ministry of Education of Azerbaijan closely collaborates with major international organizations such as: The Council of Europe, UNESCO, World Bank, UNICEF, ISESCO, EU and so on. Cooperation between Azerbaijan and the EU is carried out within the framework of TEMPUS/TACIS, Erasmus+, Twinning/TAIEX programs. This article provides a brief overview about the above mentioned programs, their application processes, as well as the results and their influences in education system of Azerbaijan .