bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kraton Buton sebagai Sumber Sejarah Lokal dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah
Authors: Guntur Ali 
Published: April 2018

The focus of this research is Kraton Buton as a source of local history in history learning. This study describes or describes the Kraton Buton as an ancestral heritage of the Buton Sultanate which has a beautiful and majestic place and has civilization and cultural values â€‹â€‹that historians need to exploit as a source of local history, in order to foster students' awareness of their local history and culture. Data search is done through observation, interview and documentation. The methodology used is qualitative with Miles and Huberman interactive analysis model approach that is data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion, to browse and uncover the facts. The result of this research is Kraton Buton as the former government center of Buton Sultanate and as the center of Buton culture keeps unique and interesting relics. The management effort of the palace area in 2003 by the Baubau City government through the Tourism Department opened the space for Kraton Buton to be used as a source of local history by the public widely including for scientific research purposes. The opening of Kraton Buton also encourages the role of history teacher to utilize Kraton Buton as a source of local history in learning history in class.

Fokus penelitian ini adalah Kraton Buton sebagai sumber sejarah lokal dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan Kraton Buton sebagai warisan leluhur Kesultanan Buton yang memiliki tempat yang indah dan megah dan memiliki peradaban serta nilai-nilai budaya yang perlu untuk dimanfaatkan oleh guru sejarah sebagai sumber sejarah lokal, agar dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran siswa atas sejarah dan budaya lokalnya. Pencarian data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan model analisis interaktif Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, untuk menelusuri dan mengungkap fakta tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Kraton Buton sebagai bekas pusat pemerintahan Kesultanan Buton dan sebagai pusat kebudayaan Buton menyimpan peninggalan-peningalan yang unik dan menarik. Upaya pengelolaan wilayah kraton pada tahun 2003 oleh pemerintah Kota Baubau melalui Dinas Pariwisata membuka ruang bagi Kraton Buton untuk dijadikan sebagai sumber sejarah lokal oleh masyarakat secara luas termasuk untuk keperluan penelitian karya ilmiah. Terbukanya Kraton Buton ini pula mendorong peran guru sejarah untuk memanfaatkan Kraton Buton sebagai sumber sejarah lokal dalam pembelajaran sejarah di kelas.
Simulator Optimizes Gas Lift Unloading
Authors: JPT staff _ 
Published: April 2018

This article is a synopsis of paper SPE 29450, "Gas-Lift Unloading and Operating Simulation as Applied to Mandrel Spacing and Valve Design" by James W. Hall, SPE, Producing Solutions and Kenneth L. Decker, SPE, Decker Technology, originally presented at the 1995 SPE Production Operations Symposium, Oklahoma City, OK April 2-4. Please read the full-length paper for additional detail, illustrations, and references.
Gas lift has been practiced for many years with principles developed on experience and "rules of thumb" with little regard for actual valve performance. Available software now simulates the unloading and operation of gas lift wells by use of scientific principles and valid "valve-performance" data.
In a conventional configuration, the tubing/ casing annulus is initially filled with a completion fluid from the packer to the surface. To initiate gas lift, the fluid must be removed from the annulus to uncover the installed flow-control device at the desired point of gas injection into the tubing. This process of removing the completion fluid is referred to as "unloading" the annulus.
Various procedures for unloading the annulus have been recommended. When recommending changes of injection rate and pressure, these procedures ignore the actual performance of the gas lift valve under downhole conditions. For this paper, valve performance data are defined as the quantitative measure of a valve's flow-rate response to changes in casing and/or tubing pressure for a given pressure and temperature setting.
Vendors supply tables and figures to predict gas-flow rates for their equipment. The information is presented in different formats and no algorithm is available to compare valve performance of different manufacturers. Additionally, the data are focused on gas-flow, making liquid-flow predictions difficult. Therefore, the unloading process cannot be optimized with these data.
API RP 11 V2 outlines a procedure for obtaining performance data of gas lift valves. The procedure is not required and must be requested by the end user. Tests are being performed and results are available. Computer applications applying the valve-performance data have been developed.
Another error in some applications is the assumption that gas lift valves are fully open immediately after opening and before closing. This is true only for pilot and differential- pressure-operated valves.
The application of valve-performance data to engineering solutions is still not a standard practice. Tools are available to design annulus-unloading procedures for the unique parameters for each well. Prudent operators will be able to examine mandrel spacing and valve design before installation to ensure proper performance, to reduce valve damage, and to eliminate multipoint injection.
Campylobacter in recreational lake water in southern Quebec, Canada: presence, concentration, and association with precipitation and ruminant farm proximity
Authors: Guy Rebecca A. , Arsenault Julie , Kotchi Serge Olivier , Gosselin-Théberge Maxime , Champagne Marie-Josée , Berthiaume Philippe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Campylobacter is an important cause of gastrointestinal illness and exposure to recreational water is one potential source of infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and concentrations of Campylobacter, and determine the influence of agricultural activities and precipitation on their presence, at lake beaches used for water recreation in southern Quebec, Canada. A total of 413 water samples were collected from June to August, from 22 beaches, between 2011 and 2013. The overall proportion of positive water samples was estimated to be 33.9% (95% CI: 27.7, 40.1) for C. jejuni and 49.7% (95% CI: 41.8, 57.6) for Campylobacter spp. The concentrations of both thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni ranged from 20 to 900 bacteria/L of water. Logistic regressions showed that the presence of C. jejuni and Campylobacter spp. was significantly associated with the year and season. Other significant predictors of C. jejuni, but not Campylobacter spp., included the presence of precipitation the day before sampling and the presence of ruminant farms within a 5 km radius of the beach. The present study provides insights into the risk of Campylobacter presence in recreational lake water for better understanding public health risks.
Mortalidad y años potenciales de vida perdidos por causas externas: Colombia 1998-2015
Authors: Segura-Cardona Alejandra , Cardona-Arango Doris 
Published: April 2018

Introducción: Las causas externas de mortalidad se constituyen en un problema de salud pública, afectan a población joven, tienen pertinencia social, son evitables y su impacto es reducible a largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento de la mortalidad por causas externas y de los años potenciales de vida perdidos en la población colombiana entre 1998-2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico de cuatro grandes grupos de mortalidad externa: homicidio, suicidio, accidente de tránsito y otras causas; de 641.837 certificados de defunción. Se calcularon tasas de mortalidad, crudas y estandarizadas con método directo en tres períodos de tiempo y años potenciales de vida perdidos, para cada grupo. Resultados: El riesgo de morir por causas externas fue de 81,66 por cien mil habitantes, con una disminución del 47,1% y 37,6 años potenciales de vida perdidos. Por homicidio, se registró una tasa de 47,3 por cien mil habitantes, reducción del 59,3% y 23 años potenciales de vida perdidos; los accidentes de tránsito registraron una reducción del 30,3% con una tasa de 15,7. El suicidio registró menor reducción en los 18 años (9,8%) y una tasa promedio de 5,1. Conclusión: Las muertes por causas externas son prioritarias a la hora de plantear políticas públicas, principalmente para la disminución de homicidios que son un reflejo del conflicto armado y la delincuencia que afronta el país, generando la pérdida de años de vida productivos para la sociedad. Es necesario perfilar a los victimarios para focalizar e intervenir las poblaciones más afectadas.
Penentuan Kadar Fruktosa Hasil Hidrolisis Inulin dengan DNS sebagai Pengoksidasi
Authors: Ruswandi Ruswandi 
Published: April 2018

Kadar fruktosa hasil hidrolisis inulin dapat ditentukan secara mudah dan praktis dengan reagen DNS. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan kondisi optimum reaksi antara fruktosa dengan reagen DNS dan untuk menentukan kadar fruktosa hasil hidrolisis inulin. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah spektronik 20 D dan HPLC, Fase gerak pada HPLC adalah etanol:air dengan berbagai perbandingan. Kolom yang digunakan adalah ODS C-18, C-8, dan CLC-Sil. Reaksi fruktosa dengan reagen DNS memiliki λmaks 499 nm, volume optimum larutan fruktosa adalah 100 µL, pH optimum fruktosa adalah 4,5 dan waktu kestabilan warna DNS tereduksi pada waktu menit ke-30. Hasil analisis DNS tereduksi menggunakan HPLC tidak memberikan pemisahan yang baik pada tipe kolom ODS C-18, C-8 dan CLC-Sil dengan beberapa variasi fase gerak etanol:air, sehingga untuk pengukuran selanjutnya digunakan spektronik 20 D. Kadar fruktosa hasil hidrolisis inulin dengan konsentrasi 0,5 %, 1 %, dan 2,5% inulin adalah 183,6 µg/mL, 295,6 µg/mL, dan 512,6 µg/mL.
GRAFTING POLIPROPILENA DENGAN MALEAT ANHIDRIDA SEBAGAI PENGIKAT SILANG DENGAN INISIATOR BENZOIL PEROKSIDA
Authors: Hidayani Tengku Rachmi 
Published: April 2018

Padang 25171 (0751-7055053 – 081374388030)
rachmihidayani@gmail.com

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang fungsionalisasi polipropilena maleat anhidrida (MA) dengan inisiator benzoil peroksida (BPO) melalui metode refluks. Reaksi grafting dilakukan dengan metode refluks menggunakan pelarut xilena pada suhu 160oC dengan variasi komposisi (b/b) PP : MA : BPO, 97:1:2, 95:3:2, 92:6:2, 89:9:2, dan 86:12:2 . selanjutnya dilakukan penentuan derajat grafting dengan metode titrasi dan analisa spektra FTIR untuk menentukan adanya grafting maleat anhidrida pada rantai polipropilena. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proses grafting maleat anhidrida pada polipropilena dapat terjadi dan perbandingan berat campuran PP:MA:BPO (95:3:2) merupakan derajat grafting tertinggi maleat anhidrida.
SUB RUANG TUTUP TOPOLOGI HASIL KALI RUANG METRIK KERUCUT
Authors: Badrulfalah Badrulfalah 
Published: April 2018

Sebuah sifat topologi selain dapat dimiliki oleh suatu ruang topologi juga dapat dimiliki oleh subruang dari ruang topologi tersebut. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas tentang aksioma keterhitungan pertama pada topologi hasil kali ruang metrik kerucut, khususnya pada subruang tutup. Pembahasan dilakukan dengan menunjukkan bahwa setiap elemen dari setiap subruang tutup dari topologi hasil kali dua ruang metrik kerucut memiliki basis lokal terhitung. Hasilnya adalah setiap subruang tutup dari topologi hasil kali ruang metrik kerucut juga memenuhi aksioma keterhitungan pertama. Dengan kata lain keterhitungan pertama bersifat hereditas lemah.
BEBERAPA SYARAT CUKUP UNTUK BILANGAN KROMATIK LOKASI HINGGA PADA GRAF TAK TERHUBUNG
Authors: Welyyanti Des 
Published: April 2018

The locating-chromatic number of a graph is introduced by Chartrand et al. in 2002. Firstly, Chatrand et al. determine the locating-chromatic number of path and double stars. The locating-chromatic number is an interesting concept ini graph theory. In this paper, we determine some condtions for disconnected graphs has a finite locating-chromatic number.
Rethinking curriculum as imagined childhoods
Authors: New Rebecca Staples 
Published: April 2018

This paper proposes a reconceptualization of an early childhood curriculum as an imagined childhood such that children’s early childhood education is linked to, rather than separated from, families and communities. Drawing on research by psychological anthropologists in cultures as diverse as Italy, Norway, China and Japan, the concept of cultural models is used to explain cultural differences in parenting and early childhood education. Globalization consequences, including changing national goals, dramatic population shifts, and research on immigrant parenting are used to highlight the possibilities of cultural change. The sort of change envisioned here requires ongoing intentional and inclusive deliberations involving teachers, families and community members who imagine and negotiate better ways to care for and educate their young children. Examples from the municipal services of Reggio Emilia and other Italian communities are used to highlight the array of possibilities available when adult relationships are prioritized along with those among children. Examples of recent research by Turkish scholars is used to highlight the possibilities of change and collaboration in Turkey.
Akademisyen olmak
Authors: Ataman Duyan Mağden 
Published: April 2018

Genç bir akademisyen olmak uzun bir maratona başlamak gibidir. Yolun başında olan bu akademisyen kendinden yaşça büyük olan akademisyenlerin tecrübelerine gerek duyabilir. Öncelikle akademisyenler puan ve yayın yetiştirmek kaygısıyla intihale başvurmamalıdırlar. İntihal bir suçtur ve başkasının emeğini hiçe saymaktır. Daha sonra akademisyenler derste sadece not tutturmak için değil öğrencilerini araştırmaya ve konuyu anlayıp yorumlamaya sevk etmelidir. Dersleri yeni yöntemlerle desteklemelidir. Genç olmanın avantajını kullanıp iyi araştırmalar yapmalı ve kendinden sonraki nesle örnek olmalıdır.
IMMUNOSTIMULATORY EFFECT OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF FLAMBOYANT LEAF [Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook.) Raf.] IN MICE
Authors: Eriani Kartini , Ainsyah Ainsyah , Rosnizar Rosnizar , Yunita Yunita , Ichsan Ichsan , Azhar Al 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Flamboyant [Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Raf.] leaf contains flavonoid compounds that are expected to have immunostimulatory effect. This research was done to determine the effect of flamboyant leaf extract on immune response by accessing the activity of immune cells and capability test the extract as immunostimulant in mice. Leaf extraction was done by maceration using methanol in the Laboratory of Biology of Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Syiah Kuala University whereas animal treatment and testing were carried out Micro-technique Laboratory of Biology Department of the same faculty. This research used 20 male mice strain Swiss-Webster aged 7-8 weeks were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with five replications each. Group 1 (P0) was untreated control; group 1-3 were mice administration flamboyant leaf extract 250 mg/kg BW (P1), 500 mg/kg BW (P2), and 750 mg/kg BW (P3) per oral. The treatments were given for 14 days after one week of adaptation period. Blood samples were collected before and after extract treatment and used for leukocyte count analysis. Phagocytosis activity was accessed by carbon clearance assay on day 15. At the end of the study, all mice were sacrificed for spleen weight analysis. Data obtained was analyzed by Analysis of Variance followed by Tukey test (Leukocyte count and spleen weight) or regression analysis (carbon clearance). The results showed a flamboyant leaf extract administration resulted in increased leukocyte counts that were significantly different (p0.05) between treatment groups. Phagocytosis test indicated the extract had moderate to strong immunostimulatory effect whereas spleen weight analysis did not show any difference among treatment groups. In conclusion, flamboyant leaf methanol extract was able to increase immune cells and had potential immunostimulatory activity in mice.Keywords: Delonix regia, immunostimulant, leukocytes, lymphocyte proliferation.
Geologi situs paleolitik das kikim, kabupaten lahat, provinsi sumatra selatan.
Authors: Syuaib Intan Muhammad Fadhlan 
Published: April 2018

Lahat is one of the districts within the province of South Sumatra, the site of research, saving many cultural remains, one of them from the paleolithic period, which for so long received no attention from environmental researchers. This is the basis of the main problems that cover geology in general. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct surface geology mapping in general as an effort to present geological information, while the aim is to know the geomorphological aspects, stratigraphy, geological structures associated with existence in paleolithic sites of research area. The research method begins with literature review, survey, analysis, and interpretation of field data. Environmental observations provide information about the landscape consisting of terrestrial morphology units, weak corrugated morphology units, and strong corrugated morphology units. The rivers are in the Old River, the Adult River, and Periodic /Permanent River. The constituent rocks are Gumai Formation, Benakat Air Formation, Muara Enim Formation, Kasai Formation, and alluvial. The geological structure is a strike slip fault that flows northeast-southeast. The study was conducted on the Kikim River, Lingsing River, and Pangi River, which stretches from east to west with direction from south to north. Exploration in the Kikim Basin, Lahat District has managed to find 30 paleolithic sites.Keywords: Geology, Pleistocene, Paleolithic, Open SiteABSTRAKLahat merupakan salah satu kabupaten dalam Provinsi Sumatra Selatan yang menjadi lokasi penelitian, menyimpan banyak tinggalan budaya, salah satunya dari masa paleolitik, yang sekian lama tak mendapat perhatian dari para peneliti lingkungan. Hal inilah yang dijadikan dasar permasalahan utama yang mencakup geologi secara umum. Oleh sebab itu, maksud penelitian ini dalah untuk melakukan pemetaan geologi permukaan secara umum sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menyajikan informasi geologi, sedangkan tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek geomorfologi, stratigrafi, struktur geologi yang dikaitkan dengan keberadaan di situs-situs paleolitik wilayah penelitian. Metode penelitian diawali dengan kajian pustaka, survei, analisis, dan interpretasi data lapangan. Pengamatan lingkungan memberikan informasi tentang bentang alamnya yang terdiri dari satuan morfologi dataran, satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah, dan satuan morfologi bergelombang kuat. Sungainya berstadia Sungai Tua, Sungai Dewasa-Tua, dan Sungai Periodik/Permanen. Batuan penyusun adalah Formasi Gumai, Formasi Air Benakat, Formasi Muara Enim, Formasi Kasai, dan aluvial. Struktur geologi berupa patahan geser yang berarah timur laut-tenggara. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Sungai Kikim, Sungai Lingsing, dan Sungai Pangi, yang membentang dari timur ke barat dengan arah aliran dari selatan ke utara. Eksplorasi di DAS Kikim, Kabupaten Lahat telah berhasil menemukan 30 situs paleolitik. Kata kunci: Geologi, Plistosen, Paleolitik, Situs Terbuka
Petrographic analysis on prehistoric-protohistoric pottery of Northern coastal sites of central java: “early studies of environmental archaeology”.
Authors: Kasnowihardjo Gunadi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPottery or often called gerabah is one of the results of technology that developed in the neolithic period, until now some people in Central Java in general and in the northern coast of Rembang regency in particular still found pottery craftsmen, one of them is in Balong Mulyo Village, Kragan District, Regency of Rembang. To get raw materials such as clay and sand, Balong Mulyo pottery craftsmen apparently make use of natural resources in their environment. As one artifact made from clay and sand materials, petrographically pottery can be analyzed type content and mineral percentage. The results of an analysis of petrographic samples of pottery fragments from prehistoric-protohistoric sites in the northern coast of Central Java such as Binangun, Leran, Plawangan and Tanjungan sites, have in common with the pottery samples from Balong Mulyo. This is one of the benefits of applying petrographic studies in archaeological research. In addition, the results of this petrographic study can provide an explanation that prehistoric-protohistoric humans in the northern coastal area of Central Java to meet their daily needs have utilized the natural resources of their environment, one of which is in pottery technology.Keywords: Pottery, Neolithic, Petrographic analysis, Raw material, Environment. Abstrak Tembikar atau sering disebut gerabah adalah salah satu hasil teknologi yang berkembang pada masa neolitik, hingga sekarang sebagian masyarakat di Jawa Tengah umumnya dan di daerah pantai utara Kabupaten Rembang khususnya masih ditemukan pengrajin tembikar, salah satu di antaranya adalah di Desa Balong Mulyo, Kecamatan Kragan, Kabupaten Rembang. Untuk mendapatkan bahan baku seperti tanah liat dan pasir, para pengrajin tembikar Balong Mulyo rupa-rupanya memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam di lingkungan mereka. Sebagai salah satu artefak yang dibuat dari bahan baku tanah liat dan pasir, secara petrografis tembikar dapat dianalisis kandungan jenis dan prosentasi mineralnya. Hasil analisis petrografi sampel fragmen tembikar dari situs-situs prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah seperti Situs Binangun, Leran, Plawangan, dan Tanjungan, secara garis besar memiliki kesamaan dengan sampel tembikar dari Balong Mulyo. Inilah salah satu manfaat penerapan kajian petrografi dalam penelitian arkeologi. Selain itu, hasil kajian petrografi ini dapat memberikan penjelasan bahwa manusia prasejarah-protosejarah di kawasan pantai utara Jawa Tengah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari mereka telah memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam lingkungannya, salah satu di antaranya adalah dalam teknologi pembuatan tembikar.Kata Kunci: Tembikar, Neolitik, Analisis petrografi, Bahan baku, Lingkungan
Ombudsmen in the Brazilian and Portuguese media: a reflection on the activities developed between 1989 and 2013
Authors: Paulino Fernando Oliveira , Oliveira Madalena 
Published: April 2018

This article aims to reflect on the history of the practices of ombudsmen in the Brazilian and Portuguese media, seeking simultaneously to identify the challenges and difficulties inherent to this function in mediatic communication. A comparative approach is adopted here, which, as is generally the case in social science, seeks to discover regularities and recognize differences in the activities developed by the ombudsmen in Brazil and Portugal between 1989 and 2013. Hence, using comparison to obtain a method to objectify the analysis, this study purports to outline the function in communication vehicles in both countries. With almost 25 years’ existence in the lusophone sphere and, despite having properties such as the accountability mechanism, hetero- and auto-regulation, the ombudsman has not been widely adopted in Portuguese-speaking countries. In Brazil, the expansion of the function is still conceivable, while in Portugal, the ombudsman is an instrument undergoing steady decline. Affected by the European economic crisis, the Portuguese media have resisted the establishment of the institution and those who have already accepted it seem to be abandoning it progressively.