bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Hemodynamics of Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistulas With 4D Phase Contrast‐Based Flow Quantification MRI in Dialysis Patients
Authors: Suqin Li , Mingli Zhu , Shiteng Suo , Honglan Mi , Lan Zhang , Qihong Ni , Qing Lu 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundRegular monitoring of autogenous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) for hemodialysis patients has importance. Hence, 4D flow MRI may be an alternative for assessing the hemodynamics of AVFs.PurposeTo compare the hemodynamics of AVFs using Doppler ultrasound (DUS) and 4D‐MRI in renal dialysis patients.Study TypeCase–control study from October 2017 to April 2018.PopulationFifty patients (age [range] = 59.52 [39–71] years) with AVFs were included.Field Strength/SequenceBlack‐blood MRI and 4D flow MRI at 3.0T and AVF ultrasonography were also performed.AssessmentThe hemodynamics acquired from 4D flow MRI and ultrasonography by two radiologists were compared. The AVF anatomy was described through an examination of the black‐blood MRI.Statistical TestsThe consistency of AVF anatomy and hemodynamics and the consistency of the hemodynamics of AVFs from 4D flow MRI and ultrasound were analyzed by paired t‐tests. The morphological parameters of AVFs acquired from black‐blood MRI were used for a Pearson correlation analysis with the hemodynamic parameters obtained from 4D flow MRI data.ResultsThe consistency of the morphological and hemodynamic parameters measured from MRI by the two radiologists was good (all P < 0.01). The velocities and flow volumes from the 4D flow MRI and vascular ultrasound of AVFs were in moderate agreement (all P < 0.05, r = 0.292–0.569), except for the peak flow velocity at the anastomosis (P = 0.366, r = –0.078). The flow volume and WSS near the anastomotic site were closely related to the morphology of the AVFs (all P < 0.05). The hemodynamics of the complications group were significantly different from those of patients without any complications (normal patients group) (all P < 0.01).Data ConclusionCompared with ultrasonography, 4D flow MRI is a promising technique to noninvasively estimate the AVF hemodynamics of renal dialysis patients.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1272–1280.
Establishment and application of a 10‐plex liquid bead array for the simultaneous rapid detection of animal species
Authors: Mei Mingzhu , Chen Ru , Gao Xiaobo , Cao Yongchang , Weng Wenchuan , Duan Yanyu , Tan Xin , Liu Zhiling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMeat fraud and adulteration incidents occur frequently in almost all regions of the globe, especially with the increase in the world's population. To ensure the authenticity of meat products, we developed a 10‐plex xMAP assay to simultaneously detect ten animal materials: bovine, caprine, poultry, swine, donkey, deer, horse, dog, fox and mink.RESULTSThis method was investigated by analyzing DNA extracts from raw muscle, muscle mixtures, meat products and animal feeds. Our results indicated that the species of interest can be identified, differentiated and detected down to 1 g kg−1 in binary mixtures or 0.01–0.001 ng of genomic DNA from specific species. Testing of 125 commercial samples showed a 97.4% coincidence rate with the method used in routine testing in our lab.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that the method established in this study could detect ten animal materials simultaneously within 3 h, which provides a new, useful tool for animal ingredient analysis in meat products and animal feeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A century of conservation: The ongoing recovery of Svalbard reindeer
Authors: Le Moullec Mathilde , Pedersen Åshild Ønvik , Stien Audun , Rosvold Jørgen , Hansen Brage Bremset 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTSeveral caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) populations have experienced recent population declines, often attributed to anthropogenic stressors such as harvesting, landscape fragmentation, and climate change. Svalbard reindeer (R. t. platyrhynchus), the wild reindeer subspecies endemic to the high‐Arctic Svalbard archipelago, was protected in 1925, after most subpopulations had been eradicated by harvest. Although direct pressure from harvest has ceased, indirect anthropogenic stressors from environmental changes have increased in this climate change hot spot. An assessment of the current distribution and abundance is therefore urgently needed. We combined distance sampling (300 km transects,n = 489 reindeer groups) and total counts (1,350 km2,n = 1,349 groups) to estimate the Svalbard reindeer distribution and abundance across its entire range, which we compared with historical data from the literature and radiocarbon‐dated bones. Reindeer have now recolonized nearly all non‐glaciated land (i.e., areas occupied prior to human presence), and their spatial variation in abundance reflects vegetation productivity. Independent of vegetation productivity, however, recently recolonized areas have lower reindeer densities than areas not subject to past extirpation. This suggests that recovery from past overharvesting is still in progress. These incompletely recovered areas are potential targets for increased monitoring frequency and maintaining strict conservation to follow the Svalbard management goal (i.e., virtually untouched wilderness areas). Because of such ongoing recolonization, possibly combined with vegetation greening effects of recent warming, our status estimate of Svalbard reindeer abundance (22,435 [95% CI = 21,452–23,425]) is more than twice a previous estimate based on opportunistic counts. Thus, although our study demonstrates the successful outcome of strict harvesting control implemented a century ago, current and future population trajectories are likely shaped by climate change. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife ManagementPublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis of Temperature and Light Sensitive Copolymers with Controlled Aggregation during Phase Transitions
Authors: Ding Lan , Zhang Pengfei , Fu Congcong , Yin Jialin , Mao Yongwang , Liu Na , Li Shihua , Yang Chunying , Zhao Ronghui , Deng Kuilin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo thermosensitive copolymers of acrylates (PMP/PEP) and a thermo/light sensitive copolymer of acrylate with acrylamide (PMABz) are synthesized via a ring‐opening reaction and subsequent radical polymerization using a facile one‐pot method. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PMP and PEP shows a dependence on the content of the structural unit and can be easily tuned to 18–35 °C by mercaptoethanol‐mediated control of the molecular weight. The isomerization of PMABz can be reversibly induced by alternating irradiation at 365 nm to produce the cis form and at 254 nm to produce the trans form. The LCST of cis‐PMABz (40.3 °C) is significantly higher than that of trans‐PMABz (37.8 °C) because of its higher hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the particle size of aggregated PMABz can be controlled from 665 nm (for the cis form) to 996 nm (for the trans form) during the heating run. After quenching the PMABz solution, PMABz particles have repeating patterns, such as leaf veins or hollow containers, indicating their potential applicability.
Self‐Powered Flexible Sensor Based on the Graphene Modified P(VDF‐TrFE) Electrospun Fibers for Pressure Detection
Authors: Li Ping , Zhao Libo , Jiang Zhuangde , Yu Mingzhi , Li Zhen , Li Xuejiao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolymer P(VDF‐TrFE) has been extensively applied in modern flexible electronics, such as nanogenerators and pressure sensors. In this study, a repolarization method is proposed to exploit the piezoelectric properties of the P(VDF‐TrFE) electrospinning film modified by the reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Then, the repolarized composite film is applied as the self‐powered flexible pressure sensor. Notably, the piezoelectric output voltage and current of the repolarized composite film are up to 1.5 V and 0.125 µA, respectively. Typically, the piezoelectric voltage of the composite film is three times as high as that of the pure spinning film. Meanwhile, this composite film also exhibits piezoresistive effect, which is ascribed to the 3D network structure of the electrospun nanofibers. In addition, the highest piezoresistive sensitivity of the pressure sensor is 0.072 kPa−1. To sum up, the pressure sensor fabricated in this study allows to simultaneously detect the static and dynamic pressure loads, which thereby has great application potentials in electronic skins (e‐skins) for human motion monitoring, such as motion state and finger bending.
Poly(2‐oxazoline)s Based on Phenolic Acids
Authors: Lüdecke Nils , Weidner Steffen M. , Schlaad Helmut 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA series of phenolic‐acid‐based 2‐oxazoline monomers with methoxy‐substituted phenyl and cinnamyl side chains is synthesized and polymerized in a microwave reactor at 140 °C using methyl tosylate as the initiator. The obtained poly(2‐oxazoline)s are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). Kinetic studies reveal that the microwave‐assisted polymerization is fast and completed within less than ≈10 min for low monomer‐to‐initiator ratios of ≤25. Polymers with number‐average molar masses of up to 6500 g mol−1 and low dispersity (1.2–1.3) are produced. The aryl methyl ethers are successfully cleaved with aluminum triiodide/N,N′‐diisopropylcarbodiimide to give a poly(2‐oxazoline) with pendent catechol groups.
Exercise increases caudate dopamine release and ventral striatal activation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Sacheli Matthew A. , Neva Jason L. , Lakhani Bimal , Murray Danielle K. , Vafai Nasim , Shahinfard Elham , English Carolyn , McCormick Siobhan , Dinelle Katie , Neilson Nicole , McKenzie Jessamyn , Schulzer Michael , McKenzie Don C. , Appel‐Cresswell Silke , McKeown Martin J. , Boyd Lara A. , Sossi Vesna , Stoessl A. Jon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on evoked dopamine release and activity of the ventral striatum using positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsThirty‐five participants were randomly allocated to a 36‐session aerobic exercise or control intervention. Each participant underwent an functional magnetic resonance imaging scan while playing a reward task before and after the intervention to determine the effect of exercise on the activity of the ventral striatum in anticipation of reward. A subset of participants (n = 25) completed [11C] raclopride positron emission tomography scans to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation‐evoked release of endogenous dopamine in the dorsal striatum. All participants completed motor (MDS‐UPDRS part III, finger tapping, Timed‐up‐and‐go) and nonmotor assessments (Starkstein Apathy Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, reaction time, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Trail Making Test [A and B], and Montreal Cognitive Assessment) before and after the interventions.ResultsThe aerobic group exhibited increased activity in the ventral striatum during functional magnetic resonance imaging in anticipation of 75% probability of reward (P = 0.01). The aerobic group also demonstrated increased repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation‐evoked dopamine release in the caudate nucleus (P = 0.04) and increased baseline nondisplaceable binding potential in the posterior putamen of the less affected repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation‐stimulated hemisphere measured by position emission tomography (P = 0.03).ConclusionsAerobic exercise alters the responsivity of the ventral striatum, likely related to changes to the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, and increases evoked dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. This suggests that the therapeutic benefits of exercise are in part related to corticostriatal plasticity and enhanced dopamine release. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A Ka‐band power amplifier with filtering characteristic for satellite communication
Authors: Xie Heng , Liu Qiushi , Song Bai , Fan Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis letter presents a power amplifier (PA) with the bandstop function for the satellite communication by using 0.15‐μm GaAs pHEMT process. It operates at Ka‐band (uplink at 30 GHz) and realizes the ability of filtering characteristic at K‐band (downlink at 20 GHz). In order to obtain the high suppression of this K‐band undesired frequency signal, the structure‐reused technology is adopted in this design. By using the structure reuse, the by‐pass capacitance of the decoupling circuit at each brand of the power supply is used to realize decoupling function, and then achieve the filtering characteristic at K‐band. Thanks to this structure, the whole circuit structure is simple, and it can be designed without adding other extra devices and changing the original matching topology. The miniaturization can be realized. Also, the proposed PA can operate over a wide bandwidth. The ability of high frequency suppression and the good filtering performance can be achieved over the undesired frequency band. According to the measured results, the proposed PA can operate from 28 to 35.5 GHz (23.6% relative bandwidth) and realize more than 40 dBc suppression from 18 to 22.6 GHz (22.7% relative bandwidth). In addition, the measured power‐added efficiency vs frequency is 21% to 30.8%. When the VGS is −0.45 V and the VD is 5 V, the quiescent current and the 1 dB compression point (P−1 dB) of output are 51 mA and 18 dBm, respectively. The total area of the proposed PA with band‐stop function is 1250 μm × 850 μm.
Palliative radiotherapy for pediatric patients: Parental perceptions of indication, intent, and outcomes
Authors: Lee Becky K. , Boyle Patrick J. , Zaslowe‐Dude Cierra , Wolfe Joanne , Marcus Karen J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPalliative radiation therapy (pRT) is often used to improve quality of life for pediatric patients. Though palliative doses are generally lower than those for cure, pRT may still introduce undesirable effects. The decision to pursue additional therapy for a child may be challenging and depends on parents’ knowledge and expectations. The goal of this study was to explore parental perceptions of pRT.MethodsTwenty‐eight children referred for pRT were enrolled in our prospective study. Parents were counseled regarding the indication and expected outcomes. They then completed a series of questionnaires to assess their understanding of pRT, side effects that their child experienced, and how the outcomes compared to their expectations.ResultsThe majority of parents listed pain relief and addressing new disease as the main indication for pRT. When asked about expectations, the majority chose improvement in quality of life and prolongation of their child's life. Interestingly, 32% of parents expected pRT to cure their child's disease. Most patients undergoing pRT did not experience any adverse symptoms. The outcomes of pRT in the majority of cases exceeded parental expectations.ConclusionImproved quality of life with pRT sometimes blurs the distinction between palliation and cure. We found that most parents understand the aim to improve quality of life, although a proportion of parents perceived pRT as a cure to their child's disease. Despite this, the majority of parents reported that the outcome of the pRT course exceeded their expectations. We postulate that parents derive comfort from pursuing active treatment.
Synthesis of bifunctional nanoencapsulated phase change materials with nano‐TiO2 modified polyacrylate shell for thermal energy storage and ultraviolet absorption
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Zhao Jiaojiao , Cui Yanjiao , Cheng Wenjing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA novel kind of bifunctional nanoencapsulated phase change material with thermal energy storage and ultraviolet absorption functions was successfully prepared through surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization with reactive emulsifiers. These nanocapsules consisted of n‐octadecane and n‐butyl stearate as binary core materials and polyacrylate supplemented with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano‐TiO2) as hybrid shell materials. The experimental results show that the monomer conversion and thermal conductivity increased and the particle size and distribution decreased with increase in nano‐TiO2 content when the nano‐TiO2 dosage was below 0.2 wt%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and XRD confirmed that the binary phase change materials were well encapsulated inside the polyacrylate‐TiO2 hybrid shell and nano‐TiO2 was also successfully crosslinked in the nanocapsules. TEM demonstrated that the synthesized nanocapsules exhibited a regular spherical profile and a well‐defined core–shell structure with diameter ranging from 70 to 100 nm. In addition, the results obtained from DSC, TGA and UV–visible spectrophotometry showed that the as‐prepared nanocapsules had good thermal storage capacity, thermal stability and ultraviolet absorption properties. It can be considered that the resultant nanoencapsulated phase change materials with polyacrylate‐TiO2 hybrid shell may have high feasibility and hold good promise in the applications of intelligent thermoregulation fabrics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Sex Differences in Iliotibial Band Strain under Different Knee Alignments
Authors: Kim Da Yoon , Miyakawa Shumpei , Fukuda Takashi , Takemura Masahiro 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIncreased strain of the iliotibial band (ITB) is a plausible contributing factor for the development of iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS). Although several studies have found relationships between the strain of the ITB and kinematic factors during running, the associations of the ITB strain with knee alignment and sex, which are considered intrinsic factors, are not well understood.ObjectiveTo clarify the sex differences in the ITB strain between genu varum and normal knee alignments in different postures.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingLaboratory research within a university.ParticipantsForty‐four healthy recreational athletes (21 men and 23 women) volunteered for this study and were divided into four groups by sex and knee alignment: men with genu varum alignment, men with normal knee alignment, women with genu varum alignment, and women with normal knee alignment.MethodsAn ultrasound real‐time elastography (RTE) unit was used for distal ITB strain measurements in weight bearing and for different non‐weight‐bearing: neutral, knee flexion, hip adduction, and hip adduction with knee flexion. Gender information and the intercondylar distance data were collected to divide the participants into two groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsMain Outcome was the ITB strain (strain ratio) measured by the RTE.ResultsThere were no significant differences in neutral and hip adduction postures among the four groups. However, during weight‐bearing, the women's genu varum group (6.91 ± 1.69; Mean ± SD) exhibited greater strain than both the men's normal group (3.50 ± 1.04, P = .005) and the women's normal group (4.42 ± 1.42, P = .048). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between the intercondylar distance and the ITB strain during weight‐bearing (r = 0.315, P = .037).ConclusionsThe women's genu varum group exhibited a higher ITB strain during weight‐bearing, which may be related to the high incidence of ITBS in women athletes. Furthermore, the changes in alignment and muscle activities during weight‐bearing could influence the strain of the ITB.Level of EvidenceIII
Lower Extremity Strength Profile in Ambulatory Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Spastic Diplegia: Norm Values and Reliability for Hand‐Held Dynamometry
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Lamberts Robert P. , Koschnick Susanne , Du Toit Jacques , Veerbeek Berendina E. , Langerak Nelleke G. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe handheld dynamometer (HHD) is a well‐accepted tool to assess muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy (CP), though reliability is not tested for adults with CP and no normative data are available.ObjectivesTo present strength levels of lower extremity muscle groups and test‐retest reliability of HHD measurements in ambulatory adults with CP and typically developed (TD) adults.DesignCase‐control study.SettingHuman motion laboratory.ParticipantsFifty‐four adults with CP (28 men; Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level I/II/III: n = 25/20/9; mean age (SD) = 38 (7) year) and 62 TD adults (31 men; mean age (SD) = 37 (5) year).InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome Measure(S)Maximum strength levels were obtained during voluntary isometric contraction of eight lower extremity muscle groups in adults with CP and spastic diplegia and TD adults using HHD. Three trials were performed per muscle group per leg. Test‐retest reliability was investigated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and typical error of measurement (TEM).ResultsForce and torque levels were significantly lower in all eight lower extremity muscle groups. Excellent ICC levels were observed in TD, GMFCS I and II (>0.90), and moderate to excellent (0.82‐0.97) in GMFCS III. CV and TEM were higher in adults with CP compared to TD adults, especially in GMFCS III.LimitationsNo subtypes other than adults with CP and spastic diplegia were included.ConclusionsLower extremity strength profiles demonstrate substantial muscle weakness in ambulatory adults with CP compared to TD adults, which highlights the importance to address muscle weakness in this population group. These strength profiles may serve as norm values for clinicians and researchers. In addition, HHD showed to be reliable to assess lower extremity strength in adults with CP.
3.5: Optimization of LTPS‐AMOLED Array Design to Enhance the Resistance to ESD risk
Authors: Jin Yu , Hu Fei , Ma Jiali , Shen Nan , Xi Wangfeng , Lu Yunlei , Lu Haifeng , Li Rulong 
Published: October 2019

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a significant cause of yield loss in FPD (Flat Panel Display) array manufacturing. LTPS‐TFT Arrays processing includes a series of chucking and conveyance steps, in which, some of these steps would generate triboelectric charge [1, 2]. Although low‐impedance materials for equipment contact parts with glass substrate have been adopted, and good grounding has been implemented, ESD still happens frequently. In order to understand the root‐cause of ESD and to minimize the ESD effect, it is necessary to have a systematic research on LTPS‐TFT Arrays processing. By studying and identifying the locations of ESD in different LTPS‐AMOLED products , we found three ESD causes related to the different array designs as described below:

Overlap between adjacent metal layers is easy to generate ESD, e.g. the overlap of metal 1 line of EM and metal 2 jumper line of Vdata, the overlap of metal 1 jumper line of Vdata and metal 2 jumper line of VDD, the overlap of metal 2 line of Vref and metal 1 jumper line of Vdata.
Research on ESD in products’ GIP (Gate Driver in Panel) area indicates that the distance of Capacity C1/C2 in GIP‐Scan circuit, D1 for short, and the area difference of C1/C2 have an obvious correlation with ESD, in which the products’ resistance to ESD risk is enhanced with the increase of D1 distance and the decrease of C1/C1 area difference.
Study of ESD in CT (Cell Test) area shows that CT ESD has a strong correlation with IC Pad, including COF Pad & IC output Pad, in which, ESD occurs easily when IC Pad is connected to CT circuit directly.
By optimizing array design, products with excellent resistance to ESD risks can be obtained.