bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk stratification by somatic mutation burden in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Liu Kevin X. , Lamba Nayan , Hwang William L. , Niemierko Andrzej , DuBois Steven G. , Haas‐Kogan Daphne A. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundUp to one‐third of patients with localized Ewing sarcoma (ES) develop recurrent disease, but current biomarkers do not accurately identify this high‐risk group. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the utility of mutational burden in predicting outcomes in patients with localized ES.MethodsClinical and genomic data from 99 patients with ES, of whom 63 had localized disease at diagnosis, were obtained from the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics. Genomic data included the type and number of somatic mutations using cBioPortal mutation calling. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and the time to progression (TTP).ResultsPatients had a median number of 11 somatic mutations. Patients were stratified according to whether they had a lower or higher mutational burden if they had ≤11 or >11 mutations, respectively. Higher mutational burden was significantly associated with inferior OS and TTP, a finding that was confirmed by univariate and multivariable analyses. In patients who had localized disease at diagnosis, higher mutational burden was the only variable significantly associated with inferior OS and TTP. The presence of a mutation in either stromal antigen 2 (STAG2) or tumor protein 53 (TP53), both of which were correlated previously with shorter OS in patients with ES, were significantly associated with higher mutational burden. Upon stratifying patients who had localized disease based on a standard panel of cancer genes, higher risk stratification was correlated significantly with inferior TTP and trended toward significance with inferior OS.ConclusionsPatients who have localized ES and a higher mutational burden have inferior OS and TTP compared with those who have lower mutation burden. The current findings suggest that the somatic mutation burden can be used to better risk stratify these patients and to guide clinical decision making.
Decisional burden among parents of children with cancer
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Kang Tammy I. , Goldstein Richard , DuBois James M. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDespite growing evidence and support for shared decision making, little is known about the experiences of parents who hold more active roles than they wish.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 372 parents of children with cancer and their oncologists at 2 academic pediatric hospitals. Parents were surveyed within 12 weeks of the diagnosis, and they were assessed for associated factors and outcomes of holding a more active decision‐making role than they preferred. Parents were asked about their preferred and actual roles in decision making. Oncologists were asked to estimate parental preferences.ResultsMost parents preferred to share decision making with the oncologist (64% [236 of 372]); however, 13% (49 of 372) preferred oncologist‐led decision making. Most parents fulfilled their ideal decision‐making role (66% [244 of 372]), but a notable minority were either more involved (14% [52 of 372]) or less involved than they preferred (20% [76 of 372];P < .0001 [McNemar test]). Oncologists recognized parents’ preferred roles in 49% of cases (167 of 341); 24% (82 of 341) of parents preferred more active roles than the oncologist recognized, and 27% (92 of 341) preferred less active roles than recognized. No parent or communication characteristics were found that were associated with parents’ holding a more active role than desired in decision making. Parents who held more active roles in decision making than they wished had higher odds of decisional regret (odds ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.07‐6.80;P < .0001).ConclusionsAlthough many parents fulfill their desired roles in decision making about their child’s cancer, some are asked to take on more active roles than they wish. Holding a more active role than desired may lead to increased decisional regret.
Tuning the Magnetic Properties of Columnar Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls with the Molecular Shape
Authors: Jasiński Marcin , Szymańska Katarzyna , Gardias Anita , Pociecha Damian , Monobe Hirosato , Szczytko Jacek , Kaszyński Piotr 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA homologous series of disc‐like 1,3,6‐trisubstituted benzo[e][1,2,4]triazin‐4‐yls 1[n] was synthesized and their structural, thermal, optical, magnetic, and electric properties were investigated. The results demonstrate that all members of the series display a Colh phase with clearing temperatures depending on the length of the alkoxy chains at the N(1) position, hence the shape of the disc. Powder XRD and magnetic data indicate a gradual change in the column diameter and magnetic behavior in the series in transition from half‐disc in 1[0] (antiferromagnetic interactions) to full‐disc geometry in the 1[12] homologue (ferromagnetic interactions with J/kB=+7.5 K). Studies of binary systems revealed that a 1 : 1 mixture of 1[0] and 1[12] exhibits modest stabilization of the Colh phase with an expanded range, and magnetic behavior typical for 1[0] in the rigid phase obtained from the melt. Electric measurements demonstrated hole mobility of ∼10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and dark conductivity of ∼10−11 Scm−1 in the mixture and individual compounds. The latter is enhanced up to 4 times by simultaneous illumination with UV light.
High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation with Phosphorus‐Doped and Metal Phosphide Cocatalyst‐Modified g‐C3N4 Formation Through Gas Treatment
Authors: Qin Dong‐Dong , Quan Jing‐Jing , Duan Shi‐Fang , San Martin Jovan , Lin Yixiong , Zhu Xiaolin , Yao Xiao‐Qiang , Su Jin‐Zhan , Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez Ingrid , Tao Chun‐Lan , Yan Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been widely explored as a photocatalyst for water splitting. The anodic water oxidation reaction (WOR) remains a major obstacle for such processes, with issues such as low surface area of g‐C3N4, poor light absorption, and low charge‐transfer efficiency. In this work, such longtime concerns have been partially addressed with band gap and surface engineering of nanostructured graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). Specifically, surface area and charge‐transfer efficiency are significantly enhanced through architecting g‐C3N4 on nanorod TiO2 to avoid aggregation of layered g‐C3N4. Moreover, a simple phosphide gas treatment of TiO2/g‐C3N4 configuration not only narrows the band gap of g‐C3N4 by 0.57 eV shifting it into visible range but also generates in situ a metal phosphide (M=Fe, Cu) water oxidation cocatalyst. This TiO2/g‐C3N4/FeP configuration significantly improves charge separation and transfer capability. As a result, our non‐noble‐metal photoelectrochemical system yields outstanding visible light (>420 nm) photocurrent: approximately 0.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V and 1.1 mA cm−2 at 2.0 V versus RHE, which is the highest for a g‐C3N4‐based photoanode. It is expected that the TiO2/g‐C3N4/FeP configuration synthesized by a simple phosphide gas treatment will provide new insight for producing robust g‐C3N4 for water oxidation.
A Cobalt‐Free Li(Li0.16Ni0.19Fe0.18Mn0.46)O2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Anionic Redox Reactions
Authors: Cheng Xiaolu , Wei Hezhuan , Hao Weijian , Li Huiyu , Si Huinan , An Shengli , Zhu Wentao , Jia Guixiao , Qiu Xinping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium‐rich, Mn‐based layered oxides Li2MnO3‐LiMO2 (M=Ni, Co) have been considered as promising cathode candidates owing to their high capacity. However, the resources shortage and high price of cobalt make it imperious to substitute cobalt with other high‐abundance elements. Here, we synthesized a low‐cost, cobalt‐free, Fe‐substituted oxide material, Li(Li0.16Ni0.19Fe0.18Mn0.46)O2. It exhibited a high reversible capacity of 169.2 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles and maintained an extraordinarily high discharge potential during cycling. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that super iron FeIV exists in the delithiated state, and oxygen participates in the redox reaction in addition to the Ni2+/Ni4+ and Fe3+/Fe4+ redox couples. The anionic oxidation preferentially occurred on oxygen with a Li−O−Li configuration and with oxidized Fe and Ni coordination.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Supported Nickel Nanoparticles: A Robust Catalyst to Bridge the Hydrogenation of Nitriles and the Reductive Amination of Carbonyl Compounds for the Synthesis of Primary Amines
Authors: Zhang Yangmin , Yang Hanmin , Chi Quan , Zhang Zehui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn efficient method was developed for the synthesis of primary amines either from the hydrogenation of nitriles or reductive amination of carbonyl compounds. The reactions were catalyzed by nitrogen‐doped mesoporous carbon (MC)‐supported nickel nanoparticles (abbreviated as MC/Ni). The MC/Ni catalyst demonstrated high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation of nitriles into primary amines in high yields (81.9–99 %) under mild reaction conditions (80 °C and 2.5 bar H2). The MC/Ni catalyst also promoted the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds for the synthesis of primary amines at 80 °C and 1 bar H2. The hydrogenation of nitriles and the reductive amination proceeded through the same intermediates for the generation of the primary amines. To the best of our knowledge, no other heterogeneous non‐noble metal catalysts have been reported for the synthesis of primary amines under mild conditions, both from the hydrogenation of nitriles and reductive amination.
Balancing the Micro‐Mesoporosity for Activity Maximization of N‐Doped Carbonaceous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Du Cheng , Liu Xinlei , Ye Guanghua , Gao Xiaohui , Zhuang Zhihua , Li Ping , Xiang Dong , Li Xiaokun , Clayborne Andre Z. , Zhou Xinggui , Chen Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbonaceous porous structures have instigated global research interest as promising low‐cost electrocatalysts for numerous energy technologies. However, the rational design principle of pore structures for activity maximization is still unclear. In this work, a series of N‐doped carbon (N‐C) catalysts with exclusively different micro‐mesoporosity are investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). By combining the experiment results and a pioneering mathematical model, it was observed that the best catalytic activity can only be attained by balancing the micro‐mesoporosity. These findings offer a definite criterion for pore structure optimization in carbon‐based ORR catalysts, which is of great importance for various energy technologies.
The metabolic syndrome and its components are differentially associated with chronic diseases in a high‐risk population of 350 000 adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rayyan Assi Hana'a , Ziv Arnona , Dankner Rachel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsWe compared strengths of associations conferred by the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components across four chronic disease categories (cancer, cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic kidney disease [CKD], and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) in a community‐dwelling high‐risk population.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional analysis of Israeli adults insured in a single health maintenance organization during 2010 to 2013 and having greater than or equal to two MetS components (hypertension, dysglycemia, low high‐density lipoprotein level, high plasma triglyceride level, and obesity). Data regarding MetS components, chronic disease prevalence, and sociodemographic variables were retrieved from electronic health records and disease registries.ResultsAmong 347 244 eligible members, 54.2% had MetS. MetS was negatively associated with cancer, (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.79‐0.93) and positively associated with CKD (PR = 1.07, [1.01‐1.13]). Some MetS components conferred different associations across the chronic diseases: a high triglyceride level was positively associated with cancer (PR = 1.15, 1.12‐1.18) and CKD (PR = 1.37, 1.32‐1.41) but negatively associated with CVD (PR = 0.88, 0.86‐0.90) and COPD (PR = 0.93, 0.88‐0.98). In the presence of MetS, those with dysglycemia had higher cancer prevalence than those with normoglycemia (PR‐interaction MetS*dysglycemia on cancer = 1.14, 1.06‐1.22). Likewise, in the presence of MetS, men were more likely than women to present with CVD (PR‐interaction MetS*sex on CVD = 1.12, [1.05‐1.20]).ConclusionsPrevalences of the MetS and MetS components distribute unequally across four chronic diseases. MetS including dysglycemia may warrant screening for cancer, and MetS in males may indicate the presence of CVD. Longitudinal studies may reveal if MetS is associated with different risks or merely indicates better prognosis once having a chronic illness.
Association of diabetes treatment with long‐term glycemic patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Luo Miyang , Tan Chuen Seng , Lim Wei Yen , Chia Kee Seng , Tang Wern Ee , Tai E. Shyong , Venkataraman Kavita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to analyze diabetes treatment and treatment changes in association with long‐term glycemic patterns in an Asian population with diabetes.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective cohort study of 6218 patients with type 2 diabetes managed in public primary care clinics in Singapore. Clinical data from 2011 to 2016 were extracted from electronic medical records, including serial HbA1c measurements and dispensed antidiabetic medication records. Patterns of longitudinal HbA1c trajectories were identified using latent class growth analysis, and patients' annual treatment plans were compared between subgroups with different HbA1c patterns.ResultsWe identified four distinct HbA1c patterns. Eighty‐one percent of patients were classified in the low‐stable group, where monotherapy and dual therapy with oral agents were the most common treatments. We also identified three groups with poorer control, with moderate‐stable (14%), moderate‐increase (3%), and high‐decrease (2%) HbA1c patterns. Insulin treatment was most prevalent in these groups, with 61% to 72% of subjects receiving insulin treatment in 2016. More than 60% of subjects in poorer control groups had experienced treatment intensification during follow‐up. Addition of multiple insulin injections was the most common intensification in moderate‐increase and high‐decrease groups.ConclusionsTreatment reflected and was appropriate to the extent of dysglycemia in this population. A small group of patients had deteriorating glycemic control, in spite of being treated with multiple insulin injections, suggesting non‐response or non‐adherence to treatment. Further investigation is needed to identify reasons for the deteriorating control observed and design effective interventions for these patients.
A Comparative Perspective on Brain Regeneration in Amphibians and Teleost Fish
Authors: Lust Katharina , Tanaka Elly M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRegeneration of lost cells in the central nervous system, especially the brain, is present to varying degrees in different species. In mammals, neuronal cell death often leads to glial cell hypertrophy, restricted proliferation, and formation of a gliotic scar, which prevents neuronal regeneration. Conversely, amphibians such as frogs and salamanders and teleost fish possess the astonishing capacity to regenerate lost cells in several regions of their brains. While frogs lose their regenerative abilities after metamorphosis, teleost fish and salamanders are known to possess regenerative competence even throughout adulthood. In the last decades, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of brain regeneration in amphibians and fish. But how similar are the means of brain regeneration in these different species? In this review, we provide an overview of common and distinct aspects of brain regeneration in frog, salamander, and teleost fish species: from the origin of regenerated cells to the functional recovery of behaviors.
A sensor network for substation facility maintenance without device configurations
Authors: Otani Tetsuo , Miyashita Michifumi , Kurono Masahiro , Ishihara Yuji , Tanaka Tatsuji , Nakajima Takashi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMaintenance support systems (MSS) monitoring conditions of facilities are indispensable for condition‐based maintenance. A sensor network is used to acquire maintenance data in the MSS, and installation of the sensor network should be simple and easy to execute maintenance tasks in a cost‐effective way. Therefore, this report sets a proposal of an autonomous configuration function of the systems that makes the installation simple and easy. This function is composed of wireless sensor networks, plug‐and‐play function configuring software modules, and cooperative procedure between them. This paper also shows evaluations of the proposed function that is feasible for practical maintenance work. The evaluations have been carried out using a prototype system implementing the elements of the proposed function.
Correlation of native and exotic species richness: a global meta‐analysis finds no invasion paradox across scales
Authors: Peng Shijia , Kinlock Nicole L. , Gurevitch Jessica , Peng Shaolin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSupport for the “biotic resistance hypothesis,” that species‐rich communities are more successful at resisting invasion by exotic species than are species‐poor communities, has long been debated. It has been argued that native–exotic richness relationships (NERR) are negative at small spatial scales and positive at large scales, but evidence for the role of spatial scale on NERR has been contradictory. However, no formal quantitative synthesis has previously examined whether NERR is scale‐dependent across multiple studies, and previous studies on NERR have not distinguished spatial grain and extent, which may drive very different ecological processes. We used a global systematic review and hierarchical mixed‐effects meta‐analysis to provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the patterns of NERR over a range of spatial grain sizes and spatial extents, based on 204 individual cases of observational (non‐experimental) NERRs from 101 publications. We show that NERR was indeed highly scale dependent across studies and increased with the log of grain size. However, mean NERR was not negative at any grain size, although there was high heterogeneity at small grain sizes. We found no clear patterns of NERR across different spatial extents, suggesting that extent plays a less important role in determining NERR than does grain, although there was a complex interaction between extent and grain size. Almost all studies on NERR were conducted in North America, western Europe, and a few other regions, with little information on tropical or Arctic regions. We did find that NERR increased northward in temperate regions and also varied with longitude. We discuss possible explanations for the patterns we found, and caution that our results do not show that invasive species are benign or have no negative consequences for biodiversity preservation. This study represents the first global quantitative analysis of scale‐based NERR, and casts doubt on the existence of an “invasion paradox” of negative NERR at small scales and positive correlations at large scales in non‐experimental studies.
Non‐circular home ranges and the estimation of population density
Authors: Efford M. G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) models have emerged as one solution to the problem of estimating the population density of mobile and cryptic animals. Spatial models embody assumptions regarding the spatial distribution of individuals and the spatial detection process. The detection process is modeled in SECR as a radial decline in detection probability with distance from the activity center of each individual. This would seem to require that home ranges are circular. The robustness of SECR when home ranges are not circular has been the subject of conflicting statements. Ivan et al. previously compared the SECR density estimator to a telemetry‐scaled non‐spatial estimator. I suggest that the apparent non‐robustness of SECR in their study was a simulation artefact. New simulations of elliptical home ranges establish that the SECR density estimator is largely robust to non‐circularity when detectors are spread in two dimensions, but may be very biased if the detector array is linear and home ranges align with the array. Transformation to isotropy reduces bias from designs of intermediate dimension, such as hollow square arrays. Possible alignment of home ranges should be considered when designing detector arrays.
The effect of cyclic variation of shear stress on non‐cohesive sediment stabilization by microbial biofilms: the role of ‘biofilm precursors’
Authors: Chen Xindi , Zhang Changkuan , Paterson David M. , Townend Ian H. , Jin Chuang , Zhou Zeng , Gong Zheng , Feng Qian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBiofilm mediated intertidal sediments exhibit more complex erosional behaviour than abiotic systems. A major feature of intertidal systems is the exposure to repeated cycles of high and low shear created by tidal conditions and also less predictable episodic events, such as storms. There is very little information on how biofilm‐forming communities respond to these conditions. In this study, the effects of both single and repeated‐cycles of shear on the stability of newly developed bio‐sedimentary beds was examined. Cleaned sand, without any potential biostabilization, was used as the control. For the single‐cycle scenario, biofilms were incubated on a non‐cohesive sandy bed under prolonged low shear periods varying between 5 and 22 days, after which erosional stress was applied. No significant biostabilization was observed for the youngest bio‐sedimentary bed (after five days of low shear incubation). After 22 days, microbial communities were characterized by a firmly attached surface biofilm. To cause erosion, greater hydrodynamic stress (0.28 Pa) was required. The erosional behaviour of the underlying sand was also affected in that bedform ripples noted in the control system were no longer observed. Instead, a sudden ‘mass erosion’ took place (0.33 Pa). The one‐cycle scenario indicated that significant biostabilization of sand only occurred after a relative long calm period. Under repeated cycles of stress (five days of low stress followed by high stress event and re‐incubation, repeated for four cycles = 20 days), frequent cyclic disturbance did not degrade the system stability but enhanced biostabilization. The properties of the sub‐surface sediments were also affected where erosion rates were further inhibited. We hypothesize that organic material eroded from the bed acted as a ‘biofilm precursor’ supporting the development of new biofilm growth. A conceptual framework is presented to highlight the dynamics of bio‐sedimentary beds and the effects of growth history under repeated‐cycles. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diesel Exhaust Emission Soot Coated Pyroelectric Materials for Improved Thermal Energy Harvesting
Authors: Azad Puneet , Sharma Moolchand , Vaish Rahul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPyroelectric performance is significantly improved using a coating of diesel exhaust soot. Coated pyroelectric sample (lead zirconate titanate) is exposed to a temporal temperature gradient. Under the application of infrared (IR) heating for a given temperature gradient, the maximum open circuit voltage improves more than four times, electric current across a resistance of 10 ohm improves more than six times, and the stored energy in 10 µF capacitor is enhanced by 17 times. These results are important from two aspects: 1) utilization of waste diesel exhaust soot and 2) improving energy harvesting performance of pyroelectric materials.