bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing diagnosis trajectories over millions of patients reveal an unexpected risk in schizophrenia
Authors: Paik Hyojung , Kan Matthew J. , Rappoport Nadav , Hadley Dexter , Sirota Marina , Chen Bin , Manber Udi , Cho Seong Beom , Butte Atul J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe identification of novel disease associations using big-data for patient care has had limited success. In this study, we created a longitudinal disease network of traced readmissions (disease trajectories), merging data from over 10.4 million inpatients through the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, which allowed the representation of disease progression mapping over 300 diseases. From these disease trajectories, we discovered an interesting association between schizophrenia and rhabdomyolysis, a rare muscle disease (incidence < 1E-04) (relative risk, 2.21 [1.80–2.71, confidence interval = 0.95], P-value 9.54E-15). We validated this association by using independent electronic medical records from over 830,000 patients at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) medical center. A case review of 29 rhabdomyolysis incidents in schizophrenia patients at UCSF demonstrated that 62% are idiopathic, without the use of any drug known to lead to this adverse event, suggesting a warning to physicians to watch for this unexpected risk of schizophrenia. Large-scale analysis of disease trajectories can help physicians understand potential sequential events in their patients.
Text-mined dataset of inorganic materials synthesis recipes
Authors: Kononova Olga , Huo Haoyan , He Tanjin , Rong Ziqin , Botari Tiago , Sun Wenhao , Tshitoyan Vahe , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMaterials discovery has become significantly facilitated and accelerated by high-throughput ab-initio computations. This ability to rapidly design interesting novel compounds has displaced the materials innovation bottleneck to the development of synthesis routes for the desired material. As there is no a fundamental theory for materials synthesis, one might attempt a data-driven approach for predicting inorganic materials synthesis, but this is impeded by the lack of a comprehensive database containing synthesis processes. To overcome this limitation, we have generated a dataset of “codified recipes” for solid-state synthesis automatically extracted from scientific publications. The dataset consists of 19,488 synthesis entries retrieved from 53,538 solid-state synthesis paragraphs by using text mining and natural language processing approaches. Every entry contains information about target material, starting compounds, operations used and their conditions, as well as the balanced chemical equation of the synthesis reaction. The dataset is publicly available and can be used for data mining of various aspects of inorganic materials synthesis.
Dipolar induced spin-lattice relaxation in the myelin sheath: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Schyboll Felix , Jaekel Uwe , Petruccione Francesco , Neeb Heiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInteractions between hydrogen protons of water molecules and macromolecules within the myelin sheath surrounding the axons are a major factor influencing the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast in white matter (WM) regions. In past decades, several studies have investigated the underlying effects and reported a wide range of R1rates for the myelin associated compartments at different field strengths. However, it was also shown that the experimental quantification of the compartment-specific R1rates is associated with large uncertainties. The current study therefore investigates the longitudinal relaxation rates within the myelin sheath using a molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. For this purpose, a realistic molecular model of the myelin sheath was employed to determine the dipole-dipole induced R1relaxation rate of the hydrogen protons at clinically relevant field strengths. The results obtained clearly reflect the spatial heterogeneity of R1with a increased relaxivity of myelin water due to a reduced molecular mobility near the membrane surface. Moreover, the calculated R1rates for both myelin water and macromolecules are in excellent agreement with experimental findings from the literature at different field strengths.
Soft X-ray magnetic scattering studies of 3D magnetic morphology along buried interfaces in NiFe/CoPd/NiFe nanostructures
Authors: Flewett Samuel , Mori Thiago J. A. , Ovalle Alexandra , Oyarzún Simón , Ibáñez Antonio , Michea Sebastián , Escrig Juan , Denardin Juliano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the continuing interest in new magnetic materials for sensor devices and data storage applications, the community needs reliable and sensitive tools for the characterization of such materials. Soft X-rays tuned to elemental absorption edges are a depth and element sensitive probe of magnetic structure at the nanoscale, and scattering measurements have the potential to provide 3D magnetic structural information of the material. In this work we develop a methodology in transmission geometry that allows one to probe the spatial distribution of the magnetization along the different layers of magnetic heterostructures. We study the in-plane/out-of-plane transition of magnetic domains in multilayer thin film systems consisting of two layers of NiFe top and bottom, and a 50 repeat Co/Pd multilayer in the centre. The experimental data are analysed by simulating scattering data starting from micromagnetic simulations, and we find that the out of plane domains of the Co/Pd multilayer intrude into the NiFe layers to a greater extent than would be expected from micromagnetic simulations performed using the standard magnetically isotropic input parameters for the NiFe layers.
Enforced expression of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase homolog alters PtdIns(4,5)P2 distribution and the localization of small G-proteins
Authors: Yang Yanbo , Park Miriam , Maekawa Masashi , Fairn Gregory D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) is essential for many functions including control of the cytoskeleton, signal transduction, and endocytosis. Due to its presence in the plasma membrane and anionic charge, PtdIns(4,5)P2, together with phosphatidylserine, provide the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with a negative surface charge. This negative charge helps to define the identity of the plasma membrane, as it serves to recruit or regulate a multitude of peripheral and membrane proteins that contain polybasic domains or patches. Here, we determine that the phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase homolog (PIPKH) alters the subcellular distribution of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by re-localizing the three PIP5Ks to endomembranes. We find a redistribution of the PIP5K family members to endomembrane structures upon PIPKH overexpression that is accompanied by accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). PIP5Ks are targeted to membranes in part due to electrostatic interactions; however, the interaction between PIPKH and PIP5K is maintained following hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Expression of PIPKH did not impair bulk endocytosis as monitored by FM4-64 uptake but did result in clustering of FM4-64 positive endosomes. Finally, we demonstrate that accumulation of polyphosphoinositides increases the negative surface charge of endosomes and in turn, leads to relocalization of surface charge probes as well as the polycationic proteins K-Ras and Rac1.
Lymphatic outflow of cerebrospinal fluid is reduced in glioma
Authors: Ma Qiaoli , Schlegel Felix , Bachmann Samia B. , Schneider Hannah , Decker Yann , Rudin Markus , Weller Michael , Proulx Steven T. , Detmar Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma is a malignant brain tumor with mean overall survival of less than 15 months. Blood vessel leakage and peritumoral edema lead to increased intracranial pressure and augment neurological deficits which profoundly decrease the quality of life of glioblastoma patients. It is unknown how the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turnover are affected during this process. By monitoring the transport of CSF tracers to the systemic blood circulation after infusion into the cisterna magna, we demonstrate that the outflow of CSF is dramatically reduced in glioma-bearing mice. Using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) imaging, we found that the circulation of CSF tracers was hindered after cisterna magna injection with reduced signals along the exiting cranial nerves and downstream lymph nodes, which represent the major CSF outflow route in mice. Due to blockage of the normal routes of CSF bulk flow within and from the cranial cavity, CSF tracers were redirected into the spinal space. In some mice, impaired CSF clearance from the cranium was compensated by a lymphatic outflow from the sacral spine.
Intra and Inter-rater Reliability between Ultrasound Imaging and Caliper Measures to determine Spring Ligament Dimensions in Cadavers
Authors: Santiago-Nuño Fernando , Palomo-López Patricia , Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Calvo-Lobo César , Losa-Iglesias Marta Elena , Casado-Hernández Israel , López-López Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe purpose was to evaluate intra and inter-rater reliability, repeatability and absolute accuracy between ultrasound imaging (US) and caliper measures to determine Spring ligament (SL) dimensions in cadavers. SLs were identified from 62 human feet from formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers. Intra and inter-observer reliability, repeatability and absolute accuracy of SL width, thickness and length between US and caliper measurements were determined at intra and inter-session by intraclass correlation coefficients, Pearson´s correlation coefficients, Student t tests, standard errors of measurement, minimum detectable changes, values of normality, 95% limits of agreement, and Bland-Altman plots. Excellent inter-session and inter-rater reliability, adequate absolute accuracy, almost perfect agreement and strong correlations were shown for caliper, US and their comparison for all SL dimensions. US measurements presented higher absolute accuracy than caliper measures for SL length and thickness dimensions, while caliper displayed greater absolute accuracy for SL width dimensions. Good repeatability (P > 0.05) was shown for all SL dimensions by US, caliper and their comparison, except for SL width dimension measured with US (P = 0.019). Both US and caliper could be recommended for all SL dimensions evaluation due to their excellent reliability and absolute accuracy in cadavers, although width dimensions should be considered with caution due to US repeatability differences.
Environmental distribution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in swine herds with natural infection
Authors: López-Lorenzo Gonzalo , Díaz-Cao José Manuel , Prieto Alberto , López-Novo Cynthia , López Ceferino Manuel , Díaz Pablo , Rodríguez-Vega Víctor , Díez-Baños Pablo , Fernández Gonzalo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the aetiological agent of PCV2-Systemic Disease (PCV2-SD) and PCV2-Subclinical Infection (PCV2-SI). PCV2 is highly resistant to environmental conditions, being able to remain in the farm environment and thus represent a risk for infection maintenance. The aim of this study was to identify, under field conditions, the possible critical points in the environment of non-vaccinated farrow-to-weaning swine farms where PCV2 could accumulate and persist. For that, environmental samples from five swine farms with PCV2-SD or PCV2-SI were taken and analysed by qPCR, including different farm areas, farm personnel and management implements. PCV2 DNA was detected in the environment of all farms (42.9% of positive samples). Overall, the PCV2-SD herd seemed to present more positive samples and higher viral loads than the PCV2-SI herds. At individual farm level, weaning areas appeared to be the most contaminated facilities. In addition, PCV2 was found at high levels in most samples from farm workers, especially work boots, suggesting that they may play a role in within-farm transmission. In addition, PCV2 was detected in areas without animals the like warehouses, offices and farm perimeter. Therefore, this study is helpful to improve measures to reduce within-farm PCV2 dissemination.
Robust observations of land-to-atmosphere feedbacks using the information flows of FLUXNET
Authors: Gerken Tobias , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Yu Rong , Stoy Paul C. , Drewry Darren T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFeedbacks between atmospheric processes like precipitation and land surface fluxes including evapotranspiration are difficult to observe, but critical for understanding the role of the land surface in the Earth System. To quantify global surface-atmosphere feedbacks we use results of a process network (PN) applied to 251 eddy covariance sites from the LaThuile database to train a neural network across the global terrestrial surface. There is a strong land–atmosphere coupling between latent (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) and precipitation (P) during summer months in temperate regions, and between H and P during winter, whereas tropical rainforests show little coupling seasonality. Savanna, shrubland, and other semi-arid ecosystems exhibit strong responses in their coupling behavior based on water availability. Feedback couplings from surface fluxes to P peaks at aridity (P/potential evapotranspiration ETp) values near unity, whereas coupling with respect to clouds, inferred from reduced global radiation, increases as P/ETp approaches zero. Spatial patterns in feedback coupling strength are related to climatic zone and biome type. Information flow statistics highlight hotspots of (1) persistent land–atmosphere coupling in sub-Saharan Africa, (2) boreal summer coupling in the central and southwestern US, Brazil, and the Congo basin and (3) in the southern Andes, South Africa and Australia during austral summer. Our data-driven approach to quantifying land atmosphere coupling strength that leverages the global FLUXNET database and information flow statistics provides a basis for verification of feedback interactions in general circulation models and for predicting locations where land cover change will feedback to climate or weather.
Commentary on: Nomograms based on inflammatory biomarkers for predicting tumor grade and microvascular invasion in stage I/II hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xiao Liang , Zeng Furong , Deng Guangtong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Some doubts were generated during the reading of nomograms based on inflammatory biomarkers for preoperatively predicting tumor grade and microvascular invasion in stage I/II hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We would like to highlight and discuss with authors. First, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and derived NLR (dNLR) should not be entered into multivariate analysis simultaneously. Second, authors should clarify how the cutoffs of these variables including lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), dNLR, age and tumor size were set. We insist that the type of variables should be consistent when we carry out the analysis and establish the nomogram. Last, we have to point out that Li et al.’s (Biosci. Rep. (2018), 38) study failed to validate nomograms using an independent dataset.
CXCR3 from chemokine receptor family correlates with immune infiltration and predicts poor survival in osteosarcoma
Authors: Tang Yin , Gu Zhiqian , Fu Youwei , Wang Junjie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Chemokine receptors have a crucial role in regulating tumor mediating immunity and are also implicated in the prognosis of some cancers. Here, the association between CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR2–5) and prognosis in osteosarcoma was studied.
Methods: Differences between CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, and CXCR5 expression and overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) were compared using Kaplan–Meier analyses. The associations of CXCR3 expression with clinical features and the prognosis were also analyzed. The signaling pathways modulated by CXCR3 were investigated. The correlations between CXCR3 and immune infiltrates were investigated.
Results: The expression of CXCR2, CXCR4, and CXCR5 was not associated with the prognosis, but CXCR3 low expression was correlated with worse OS and EFS of osteosarcoma, especially for female, patients aged less than 15.1 years, or patients without metastasis. Low CXCR3 expression was related to tumor site and histologic response (P&lt;0.05), but not associated with other clinical characteristics. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that CXCR3 remained independently associated with the prognosis, especially for OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.26, 95% CI = 1.15–9.24, P=0.026). The cell adhesion, apoptosis, metabolism, KRAS, P53, NOTCH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), PI3K/Akt/mTOR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inflammation, and immune-related pathways such as IL-6/JAK/STAT3, TNF-α via NF-κB, Toll/NOD-like receptor, and complement were modulated by CXCR3. CXCR3 expression showed an especially positive correlation with immune infiltration of T cells CD8, macrophages M1, plasma cells, and NK cells activated.
Conclusions: CXCR3 may be an independent risk factor for the prognosis and is most likely to benefit from immunotherapy in osteosarcoma.
Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship in Ukraine
Authors: Gavkalova Nataliia , Amosov Oleg , Zolenko Alona , Sierova Iryna 
Published: October 2019

The high importance of social entrepreneurship for the development of national and regional economies is widely recognized. This article contributes to the emerging theoretical discourse of social entrepreneurship by explicating the representatives of different schools. Social entrepreneurship occupies a third sector between the private sector of the economy and the non-profit sector as it aims to solve social problems. Social entrepreneurship functions as an organization that selfsustains at the expense of the innovative organization of its core business. The article suggests holistic approaches to entrepreneurship research based on entrepreneur-associated factors, characteristics of the political and legal environment. These determinants can have direct or indirect influences on entrepreneurial processes mandatory for the development of social entrepreneurship.To determine the strengths and weaknesses of the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, as well as its opportunities and threats, the SWOT analysis was carried out. The actions required to improve the current state of social entrepreneurship were justified. The detection of threats and opportunities has made it possible to identify priorities for the development of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine, taking into account existing risks.
Primäre Endoprothetik bei Kox- und Gonarthrose
Authors: Grothe Tim , Postler Anne , Lützner Jörg , Günther Klaus-Peter 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDer primäre Hüft- und Kniegelenkersatz sind ein sehr häufig durchgeführtes und erfolgreiches Behandlungsverfahren bei fortgeschrittener Arthrose. Für moderne Hüft- und Knietotalendoprothesen wird über sehr gute Langzeitüberlebensraten berichtet. Vor dem Hintergrund steigender Aktivitätsansprüche und der zunehmend häufigeren Behandlung von Patienten mit schwererem Nebenerkrankungsprofil gewinnt die Analyse von patientenbezogenen Einflussfaktoren und Outcome-Kriterien weiterhin an Bedeutung. Mit der Etablierung interdisziplinärer Behandlungskonzepte zur rascheren Genesung und Komplikationsreduktion wird auf diese Entwicklung eingegangen. Bei einer Versorgung in zertifizierten Endoprothetikzentren (EndoCert©) sind standardisierte Behandlungspfade und die Vorhaltung spezialisierter Infrastruktur gewährleistet. In die Ergebnisbewertung gehen neben Routine-Indikatoren der externen Qualitätssicherung mittlerweile auch Daten aus dem Deutschen Endoprothesenregister (EPRD©) ein, das von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie (DGOOC) etabliert wurde. Dieser Übersichtsbeitrag berichtet über die Versorgungssituation in der Hüft- und Knieendoprothetik bei Arthrose in Deutschland. Es wird auf Indikationsstellung, Prinzipien der Operationsmethodik, Implantatsysteme sowie aktuelle Entwicklungen und Behandlungskonzepte eingegangen.
Labordiagnostik bei entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankungen
Authors: Mierau Rudolf 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Labor leistet auf mehreren Gebieten Beiträge in der Primärdiagnostik entzündlicher Gelenkerkrankungen und begleitet zudem auch deren Management im Verlauf. Entzündungsparameter helfen, zwischen primär entzündlichen und nicht entzündlichen rheumatischen Erkrankungen zu unterscheiden, sind allerdings sowohl bei der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) als auch bei den Spondyloarthritiden nicht in jedem Fall erhöht. Autoantikörper sind bedeutende Diagnostik-Bausteine vor allem bei der RA sowie bei den Kollagenosen. Die Synovia-Analyse hilft bei der Beurteilung der Entzündungsaktivität und liefert ätiologische Hinweise z. B. bei Kristallarthropathien. Genetische Risikofaktoren für Gelenkerkrankungen sind in großer Zahl bekannt; diagnostisch verwertet wird von diesen aber nur die Bestimmung des HLA-B27-Merkmals in der Diagnostik der Spondyloarthritiden.
Diagnostik der sekundären Hypertonie: An was ist bei wem zu denken?
Authors: Vonend Oliver 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz der arteriellen Hypertonie mit ihren kardiovaskulären Folgeerkrankungen wie Herzinfarkt, Schlaganfall, chronischer Nierenkrankheit und peripherer Gefäßerkrankung nimmt in unserer immer älter werdenden Gesellschaft stetig zu. Weltweit sterben jährlich knapp 8 Millionen Menschen an den Folgen einer nicht adäquat kontrollierten Hypertonie. Jeder 3. Erwachsene in Deutschland leidet unter Bluthochdruck. Zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt ist weniger als die Hälfte der Hypertoniker in Deutschland kontrolliert. Zahlreiche Ursachen können dem Nichterreichen der Therapieziele zugrunde liegen. Der aktuelle Beitrag soll Hilfestellungen geben, eine mögliche sekundäre Hypertonieursache zu erkennen. Es ist nicht zielführend, bei allen Hypertonikern eine breite Palette von Screeninguntersuchungen anzufordern oder durchzuführen. Eine sinnvolle Selektion potenziell betroffener Patienten muss vorab erfolgen. Die häufigsten Formen der sekundären Hypertonie werden genannt und die zielführende Diagnostik sowie deren Therapie dargestellt.
Comeback der renalen Denervation als Therapieoption bei arterieller Hypertonie
Authors: Jung Susanne , Schmieder Roland 
Published: October 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Wirksamkeit der renalen Denervation zur Blutdrucksenkung war lange umstritten. Die anfängliche Euphorie nach einer Reihe vielversprechender unkontrollierter Pilotstudien wurde durch die Veröffentlichung der Symplicity-HTN-3-Studie 2014 zunächst getrübt. Hier hatte sich im Vergleich zur Scheinbehandlung keine signifikante Differenz in der Blutdruckreduktion gegenüber der renalen Denervation gezeigt. Die Ergebnisse dreier größerer randomisierter Studien dokumentieren nun den Wirkungsnachweis: Die interventionelle renale Denervation bewirkt eine signifikante Senkung des 24-Stunden- und Praxisblutdrucks im Vergleich zur Scheinbehandlung. Die aus diesen Studien gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bieten zukünftig spannende Perspektiven hinsichtlich der Anwendung des Verfahrens bei anderen Erkrankungen sowie hinsichtlich der Patienten, die am besten für die renale Denervation geeignet sind.
Middle Aortic Syndrome in a Child-Bearing Age Patient
Authors: Rabenstein Andrew P. , Salhab Khaled F. , Spentzouris Georgios , Paruchuri Vijayapraveena , Hines George , Vintzileos Anthony M. , Schubach Scott L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe report a rare case of a 30-year-old female who had a long-standing history of middle aortic syndrome that was being managed nonsurgically. She presented with hypertension and buttock pain with plans to become pregnant. She underwent an aortoiliac bypass.