bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical and ontogenetic reassessment of the Ediacaran frondArborea arboreaand its placement within total group Eumetazoa
Authors: Dunn Frances S. , Liu Alexander G. , Gehling James G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganisms in possession of a frondose body plan are amongst the oldest and most enigmatic members of the soft‐bodied Ediacaran macrobiota. Appraisal of specimens from the late Ediacaran Ediacara Member of South Australia reveals that the frondose taxonArborea arboreaprobably possessed a fluid‐filled holdfast disc, the size and form of which could vary within populations. Mouldic preservation of internal anatomical features provides evidence for tissue differentiation, and for bundles of tubular structures within the stalk of the organism. These structures connect in a fascicled arrangement to individual lateral branches, before dividing further into individual units housed on those branches. The observed fascicled branching arrangement, which seemingly connects individual units to the main body of the organism, is consistent with a biologically modular construction forArborea, and raises the possibility of a colonial organization. In conjunction with morphological characters previously recognized by other authors, including apical‐basal and front‐back differentiation, we propose that to the exclusion of all alternative known possibilities,Arboreacan be resolved as a total group eumetazoan.
Bereavement care in Japanese pediatrics: Pediatrician awareness in practice
Authors: Fujita Ayaka , Hamada Yuko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundA child's death affects not only family members but also the health‐care professionals involved in patient care. The education system for bereavement care in Japan, however, is not set up in a systematic way, and the care provided is based on the individual experience of the health‐care professional. The aim of this study was to investigate pediatrician awareness of and actual circumstances involved in bereavement care in Japan.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted at four facilities in Japan. Data collected using semi‐structured interviews of 11 pediatricians were assessed using inductive qualitative analysis.ResultsPediatrician recognition of the elements of bereavement care was categorized as follows: (i) developing relationships with families before a child's death is important in bereavement care; (ii) after the child dies, family involvement is left to the doctor's discretion; (iii) coping with a child's death myself through past experience is essential; (iv) doctors involved in a child's death also experience mental burden; and (v) a system for the family's bereavement care must be established. Two categories were established according to actual circumstances involved in bereavement care: (i) attention must be given to the emotions of the families who lost a child; and (ii) doctor involvement with bereaved families depends on doctor awareness and expertise.ConclusionJapanese pediatricians provided bereavement care to families who lost their children in a non‐systematic manner. This is necessitates improvement of the self‐care of health‐care professionals with regard to grief by improving bereavement care‐related education. Additionally, health‐care professionals must be trained, and a national‐level provision system must be established to provide high‐quality bereavement care to families who lose a child.
Laboratory values in Japanese children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Takaki Yugo , Mizuochi Tatsuki , Eda Keisuke , Ishihara Jun , Yamashita Yushiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaboratory data in children with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been reported from Europe and North America, but not Asia. The aim of this study was to clarify laboratory data in Japanese children with newly diagnosed IBD, and to compare them with those in Western reports.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients <16 years old, newly diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) at Kurume University Hospital between January 2008 and December 2015.ResultsUC and CD patients numbered 31 and 15, respectively. The percentages of patients with normal values for hemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (Plt), albumin (Alb), C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the UC and CD groups were 45% and 47%; 68% and 53%; 84% and 40%; 81% and 7%; and 35% and 0%, respectively. The frequency of normal results for these five tests were similar to Western findings except for the greater frequency of normal CRP in UC. Alb and ESR differed significantly between UC and CD in both mild and moderate–severe cases. Plt, Alb, CRP, and ESR differed significantly between diseases in late‐onset IBD, whereas early onset IBD showed no differences. In UC, ESR correlated positively, while Hb and Alb correlated negatively, with disease activity. In CD, CRP and ESR correlated positively with activity.ConclusionsThe proportion of Japanese children with IBD having normal values at diagnosis was mostly similar to that in Western reports. In early onset cases, UC parameters may be similar to CD. Of the five tests, ESR was particularly indicative of disease activity at diagnosis in both pediatric UC and CD.
Enzyme‐mediated metabolism in nutritive tissues of galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda: Anguinidae)
Authors: Ferreira B. G. , Freitas M. S. C. , Bragança G. P. , Moreira A. S. F. P. , Carneiro R. G. S. , Isaias R. M. S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The galls induced by Ditylenchus gallaeformans (Nematoda) on leaves of Miconia albicans have unique features when compared to other galls. The nematode colonies are surrounded by nutritive tissues with promeristematic cells, capable of originating new emergences facing the larval chamber, and providing indeterminate growth to these galls. Considering enzyme activity as essential for the translocation of energetic molecules from the common storage tissue (CST) to the typical nutritive tissue (TNT), and the major occurrence of carbohydrates in nematode galls, it was expected that hormones would mediate sink strength relationships by activating enzymes in indeterminate growth regions of the galls.

Histochemical, immunocytochemical and quantitative analyses were made in order to demonstrate sites of enzyme activity and hormones, and comparative levels of total soluble sugars, water soluble polysaccharides and starch.

The source–sink status, via carbohydrate metabolism, is controlled by the major accumulation of cytokinins in totipotent nutritive cells and new emergences. Thus, reducing sugars, such as glucose and fructose, accumulate in the TNT, where they supply the energy for successive cycles of cell division and for nematode feeding. The histochemical detection of phosphorylase and invertase activities indicates the occurrence of starch catabolism and sucrose transformation into reducing sugars, respectively, in the establishment of a gradient from the CST towards the TNT. Reducing sugars in the TNT are important for the production of new cell walls during the indeterminate growth of the galls, which have increased levels of water‐soluble polysaccharides that corroborate such a hypothesis.

Functional relationship between plant hormone accumulation, carbohydrate metabolism and cell differentiation in D. gallaeformans‐induced galls is attested, providing new insights on cell development and plant metabolism.
Pyruvate and lactate as local prognostic biomarkers of patient outcome after achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Addevico Francesco , Svedman Simon , Edman Gunnar , Ackermann Paul W. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAcute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequently disabling injury, which exhibits unclear variability in long‐term functional and patient‐reported outcomes. Biomarkers from early healing, which have been shown to be prognostic of long‐term outcome would facilitate the development of improved treatment methods.Hypothesis/PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess essential metabolites pyruvate and its product lactate, as early biomarkers in relation to long‐term functional‐ and patient‐reported outcome after ATR.Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsA total of 124 patients (103 men, 21 women; mean age 40 ± 7 years) with ATR, treated with uniform anesthetic and surgical technique, were prospectively assessed. At two weeks post‐injury pyruvate and lactate concentrations were assessed in both the injured and uninjured limbs using microdialysis followed by enzymatic quantification. The ratios of the concentration in the injured versus uninjured limb of pyruvate (pyruvate‐r) and lactate (lactate‐r) were calculated as well as the lactate/pyruvate ratios (L/P‐r). At 12 months, patient‐reported outcome was examined using self‐reported questionnaires; Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and physical activity score. At 12 months, functional outcome was studied using the validated heel‐rise test.ResultsElevated pyruvate‐r, at two weeks, was significantly associated with total ATRS (R = 0.254, P = 0.028), less loss in physical activity (R = 0.241, P = 0.039), less experience of pain in FAOS (R = 0.275, P = 0.032), and a higher number of heel‐rise repetitions on injured side (R = 0.230, P = 0.040) at 12 months. Increased lactate‐r was related with less strength limitations in the calf (R = 0.283, P = 0.011), while the elevated lactate‐pyruvate ratio, notably, was related to more limitations in walking on uneven surface (R = −0,243, P = 0.027). The findings were verified by multiple linear regression taking confounding factors into consideration.ConclusionThis study established that the metabolite pyruvate is a good potential biomarker, prognostic of patient outcome at the one‐year follow‐up after ATR surgery. These novel findings suggest that local biomarkers could be developed at an early‐stage screen for new ATR treatments.
A mathematical model to describe survival among liver recipients from deceased donors with risk of transmitting infectious encephalitis pathogens
Authors: Smalley Hannah K. , Anand Nishi , Buczek Dylan , Buczek Nicholas , Lin Timothy , Rajore Tanay , Wacker Muriel , Basavaraju Sridhar V. , Gurbaxani Brian M. , Hammett Teresa , Keskinocak Pinar , Sokol Joel , Kuehnert Matthew J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundBetween 2002 and 2013, the organs of 13 deceased donors with infectious encephalitis were transplanted, causing infections in 23 recipients. As a consequence, organs from donors showing symptoms of encephalitis (increased probability of infectious encephalitis (IPIE) organs) might be declined. We had previously characterized the risk of IPIE organs using data available to most transplant teams and not requiring special diagnostic tests. If the probability of infection is low, the benefits of a transplant from a donor with suspected infectious encephalitis might outweigh the risk and could be lifesaving for some transplant candidates.MethodsUsing organ transplant data and Cox Proportional Hazards models, we determined liver donor and recipient characteristics predictive of post‐transplant or waitlist survival and generated 5‐year survival probability curves. We also calculated expected waiting times for an organ offer based on transplant candidate characteristics. Using a limited set of actual cases of infectious encephalitis transmission via transplant, we estimated post‐transplant survival curves given an organ from an IPIE donor.Results54% (1256) of patients registered from 2002‐2006 who died or were removed from the waiting list because of deteriorated condition within 1 year could have had an at least marginal estimated benefit by accepting an IPIE liver with some probability of infection, with the odds increasing to 86% of patients if the probability of infection was low (5% or less). Additionally, 54% (1252) were removed from the waiting list prior to their estimated waiting time for a non‐IPIE liver and could have benefited from an IPIE liver.ConclusionImproved allocation and utilization of IPIE livers could be achieved by evaluating the patient‐specific trade‐offs between (a) accepting an IPIE liver and (b) remaining on the waitlist and accepting a non‐IPIE liver after the estimated waiting time.
Remission of Epstein‐Barr virus‐positive post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder by conversion to everolimus in a kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Nanmoku Koji , Shinzato Takahiro , Kubo Taro , Shimizu Toshihiro , Yagisawa Takashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a fatal complication of transplantation. There is no clear consensus on the treatment of PTLD. In most cases, the pathogenetic mechanism of PTLD involves the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We report the case of an elderly kidney transplant recipient who developed EBV‐positive monomorphic T‐cell PTLD 14 years after transplantation. Conversion from conventional immunosuppressants to everolimus induced complete remission of PTLD accompanied by a decrease in blood EBV‐DNA level without chemotherapy.
Molten Salt Reactor Xenon Analysis: Review and Decomposition
Authors: Price Terry J. , Chvala Ondrej , Taylor Zack 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This document analyzes molten salt reactor (MSR) xenon theory and reviews the corpus of literature pertaining to it. A history of xenon behavior in MSRs is presented. Relevant literature is tabulated. Assumptions in MSR xenon theories are made explicit. The structure of graphite stringers is examined. The behavior of bubbles is investigated along with interfacial area perturbation in response to thermodynamic state perturbation. This document serves as an underpinning to further investigation into the MSR xenon theory.
Pre-thrombectomy intravenous thrombolytics are associated with increased hospital bills without improved outcomes compared with mechanical thrombectomy alone
Authors: Hassan Ameer E , Kotta Hari , Garza Leeroy , Preston Laurie , Tekle Wondwossen , Sarraj Amrou , Qureshi Adnan I 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate whether significant differences exist in hospital bills and patient outcomes between patients who undergo endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) alone and those who undergo EVT with pretreatment intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA).MethodsWe retrospectively grouped patients in an EVT database into those who underwent EVT alone and those who underwent EVT with pretreatment IV tPA (EVT+IV tPA). Hospital encounter charges (obtained via the hospital’s charge capture process), final patient bills (ie, negotiated final bills as per insurance/Medicare rates), demographic information, existing comorbidities, admission and discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, and functional independence data (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.ResultsOf a total of 254 patients, 96 (37.8%) underwent EVT+IV tPA. Median NIHSS score at admission was significantly higher in the EVT+IV tPA group than in the EVT group (p=0.006). After adjusting for NIHSS admission score, patient bills and encounter charges in the EVT+IV tPA group were still found to be $3861.64 (95% CI $658.84 to $7064.45, p=0.02) and $158 071.29 (95% CI $134 641.50 to $181 501.08, p < 0.001) greater than in the EVT only group respectively. The EVT+IV tPA group had a higher complication rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (p=0.005). The EVT and EVT+IV tPA groups did not differ significantly in median discharge NIHSS score (p=0.56), functional independence rate at 90 days (p=0.96), or average length of hospital stay (p=0.21).ConclusionPatients treated with EVT+IV tPA have greater hospital encounter charges and final hospital bills as well as higher rates of ICH than patients who undergo treatment with EVT only.
A canine model of mechanical thrombectomy in stroke
Authors: Brooks Olivia W , King Robert M , Nossek Erez , Marosfoi Miklos , Caroff Jildaz , Chueh Ju-Yu , Puri Ajit S , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo develop a preclinical model of stroke with a large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy.Materials and methodsAn ischemic stroke model was created in dogs by the introduction of an autologous clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). A microcatheter was navigated to the clot and a stent retriever thrombectomy was performed with the goal to achieve Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) 2b/3 reperfusion. Perfusion and diffusion MRI was acquired after clot placement and following thrombectomy to monitor the progression of restricted diffusion as well as changes in ischemia as a result of mechanical thrombectomy. Post-mortem histology was done to confirm MCA territory infarct volume.ResultsInitial MCA occlusion with TICI 0 flow was documented in all six hound-cross dogs entered into the study. TICI 2b/3 revascularization was achieved with one thrombectomy pass in four of six animals (67%). Intra-procedural events including clot autolysis leading to spontaneous revascularization (n=1) and unresolved vasospasm (n=1) accounted for thrombectomy failure. In one case, iatrogenic trauma during microcatheter navigation resulted in a direct arteriovenous fistula at the level of the cavernous carotid. Analysis of MRI indicated that a volume of tissue from the initial perfusion deficit was spared with reperfusion following thrombectomy, and there was also a volume of tissue that infarcted between MRI and ultimate recanalization.ConclusionWe describe a large animal stroke model in which mechanical thrombectomy can be performed. This model may facilitate, in a preclinical setting, optimization of complex multimodal stroke treatment paradigms for clinical translation.
The Effect of Mouse Strain, Sex, and Carcinogen Dose on Toxicity and the Development of Lung Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Mice
Authors: Riolobos Laura , Gad Ekram A. , Treuting Piper M. , Timms Andrew E. , Hershberg Elliot A. , Corulli Lauren R. , Rodmaker Erin , Disis Mary L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In order to translate new treatments to the clinic, it is necessary to use animal models that closely recapitulate human disease. Lung cancer develops after extended exposure to carcinogens. It has one of the highest mutation rates of all cancer and is highly heterogenic. Topical treatment with N-nitrosotris-(2-chloroethyl)urea (NTCU) induces lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with nonsynonymous mutation rates similar to those reported for human non–small cell lung cancer. However, NTCU induces lung cancer with variable efficacy and toxicity depending on the mouse strain. A detailed characterization of the NTCU model is needed. We have compared the effect of three different NTCU doses (20, 30, and 40 mmol/L) in female and male of NIH Swiss, Black Swiss, and FVB mice on tumor incidence, survival, and toxicity. The main findings in this study are (1) NIH Swiss mice present with a higher incidence of SCC and lower mortality compared with Black Swiss and FVB mice; (2) 30 mmol/L NTCU dose induces SCC at the same rate and incidence as the 40 mmol/L dose with lower mortality; (3) female mice present higher grade and incidence of preinvasive lesions and SCC compared with males; (4) NTCU-induced transformation is principally within the respiratory system; and (5) NTCU treatment does not affect the ability to elicit a specific adaptive immune response. This study provides a reference point for experimental designs to evaluate either preventive or therapeutic treatments for lung SCC, including immunotherapies, before initiating human clinical trials.
Revisiting BISFT Summer School 2004, University of Bristol, ‘Embracing Diversity: Seeking Harmony’
Authors: Christ Carol P. 
Published: May 2019

The article presents a dialogue between Carol P. Christ and Judith Plaskow. It argues that a process metaphysic provides an alternative to the Christian liberation paradigm and could help feminists in religion to articulate alternatives to the concept of God as a dominant male other found in classical theism. A shared metaphysic could help feminists in different religious traditions to recognize common concerns and commitments, to guard against claims of uniqueness and exclusivity of religious traditions, and to engage with the complexities of diversity. Anticipating arguments against a feminist process paradigm, the dialogue addresses further questions: Is the idea of divinity as unfailing sympathy too good to be true? How do we explain bad things happening – is divinity evil as well as good? How does a process idea of divine sympathy differ from the traditional notions of God as love? Other issues considered are: self-sacrifice as love; the place of anger in a relational theology; co-creation and power with versus over. In conclusion the author suggests that the foundation of a shared spiritual feminist ethic would be understanding that life in the body is to be enjoyed by all and accepting responsibility to co-create a more just and harmonious world.
Plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis enables macrophage migration in a murine model of inflammation
Authors: Silva Lakmali Munasinghage , Lum Andrew Gary , Tran Collin , Shaw Molly W. , Gao Zhen , Flick Matthew J. , Moutsopoulos Niki M. , Bugge Thomas H. , Mullins Eric S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEfficient migration of macrophages to sites of inflammation requires cell surface–bound plasmin(ogen). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the deficits of plasmin(ogen)-mediated macrophage migration in 2 models: murine thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and in vitro macrophage migration. As previously reported, macrophage migration into the peritoneal cavity of mice in response to thioglycollate was significantly impaired in the absence of plasminogen. Fibrin(ogen) deposition was noted in the peritoneal cavity in response to thioglycollate, with a significant increase in fibrin(ogen) in the plasminogen-deficient mice. Interestingly, macrophage migration was restored in plasminogen-deficient mice by simultaneous imposition of fibrinogen deficiency. Consistent with this in vivo finding, chemotactic migration of cultured macrophages through a fibrin matrix did not occur in the absence of plasminogen. The macrophage requirement for plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis, both in vivo and in vitro, was negated by deletion of the major myeloid integrin αMβ2-binding motif on the γ chain of fibrin(ogen). The study identifies a critical role of fibrinolysis in macrophage migration, presumably through the alleviation of migratory constraints imposed by the interaction of leukocytes with fibrin(ogen) through the integrin αMβ2 receptor.