bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive On Site Thermal Diagnostics Of Buildings – Polish Practical Experience
Authors: Popiolek Zbigniew , Kateusz Przemysław 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The Polish National Centre for Research and Development has been coordinating the implementation of a strategic research project “Integrated System for Reducing Energy Consumption in the Maintenance of Buildings”. The main goal of the project is to support Poland’s efforts to reduce energy consumption in buildings, which is a strategic goal of the European Union. Within the scope of the aforementioned project, Task 4, “Development of thermal diagnostics of buildings”, was realized. Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice was a leader of the scientific-industrial consortium implementing the task. The main objectives of Task 4 and achieved relevant results are presented in the paper. A new method for the rapid on-site thermal diagnosis of a building envelope and systems of heating, ventilation, air conditioning and domestic hot water preparation and the diagnosis of indoor environment quality, as well as a method for drawing up energy performance certificates based on the measurements were developed.
Estimation Of The Seasonal Demand For Cooling Based On The Short-Term Data
Authors: Bartosz Dorota , SpecjaŁ Aleksandra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper analyzes the possibility of using the energy signature method based on the linear regression to determine the seasonal energy demand for cooling and ventilation in the office building. The “extended” energy signature method (H-m method) was described and applied. In accordance with Standard (EN 15603) the estimation of energy consumption for cooling can be performed for a period shorter than the entire season, but data range must be appropriate to obtain the correct accuracy of the results. The presented analysis concerns the uncertainty of estimation the seasonal demand for cooling and ventilation of the building based on monthly and 14-day data. The objective was to choose the shortest possible time period in order to obtain proper accuracy. It has been shown that the H-m method cannot be used to estimate cooling demand based on short-term (monthly or 14-days) data due to unacceptable uncertainty of results.
On-Site Thermal Diagnostics Of Cooling Sources For Air Conditioning Systems In Office Buildings
Authors: Hurnik Maria , Blaszczok Monika , KrÓl Małgorzata 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The main goal of the Task 4 “Development of thermal diagnostics of buildings” of Strategic Research Project “Integrated System for Reducing Energy Consumption in the Maintenance of Buildings” was to develop new tools for thermal diagnostics of different types of buildings, including development of the rapid method of a cooling sources diagnostics. The paper presents a method for assessing the cooling sources based on on-site measurements. The cooling capacity of the cooling sources and the electric power consumed by the cooling sources were measured in two air-conditioned office buildings. The measurement results were used to calculate the cooling energy generated during the measurement period and the operational Energy Efficiency Ratio EERo
of the chillers. Electric energy consumed in the measuring period by the auxiliary equipment of the cooling system, i.e.: coolant pumps and fan coil fans, was estimated. The possibility of significant reduction of the energy consumption for air conditioning in both buildings was indicated.
PARAMETRIC SHAPING OF CONSISTENT ARCHITECTURAL FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ROOFED WITH CORRUGATED SHELL SHEETING
Authors: ABRAMCZYK Jacek 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a method for a parametric shaping of innovative building free forms covered with corrugated steel shell roofs and flat glass elevation walls. Each shell roof is made of plane steel sheets folded in one direction and transformed elastically into spatial shape. The obtained shapes can be really diversified sectors of various ruled surfaces. Therefore there is a great need for creating such a method that leads to a fine integration of the shapes of a free form shell roof and plane oblique elevation walls for each building free form. Thus, it was elaborated the innovative parametric method, whose algorithm allows for seeking attractive and consistent architectural free forms by means of computer programs. A relatively small set of initial relevant parameters enables the designer intuitively to affect the attractiveness of the designed free forms. Some special attention is paid to selected fine proportions of these geometrical parameters leading to the really attractive architectural free forms.
SURFACE BLAST-CLEANING WASTE AS A REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
Authors: KUBISSA Wojciech , JASKULSKI Roman , SIMON Tamás 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In the article the possibility of using a surface blast-cleaning waste as a replacement of fine aggregate in concrete manufacturing was presented. Concretes with w/c ratio 0.6 and 300 kg/m3 dosage of cements: CEM I 32.5R and CEM II/B-V 32.5N were tested. The quite high value of the w/c ratio resulted in good compactibility of the mixtures without use of plasticizer. The replacement rate of the fine aggregate (0–2 mm) with copper slag (CS) was 33%, 66% and 100% respectively. Concretes of the same composition served for reference except for with river sand as fine aggregate instead of slag. The performed tests focused on: compressive and tensile strength (both after 28 days), sorptivity, free water absorption capacity and abrasion resistance. The obtained results showed that the strength and some other tested properties of concretes with copper slag as sand replacement were similar or even better than that of the control mixtures.
APPLICATION OF POTENTIOSTATIC MEASUREMENTS ACCORDING TO PN-EN 480-14 IN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF REINFORCEMENT PROTECTION AGAINST CORROSION BY CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF FLY ASHES
Authors: DOMAGAŁA Katarzyna , ŚLIWKA Andrzej 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Replacing part of the cement in the concrete with fly ash – products of solid fuel burning, requires testing, including the degree of the reinforcement protection against corrosion provided by concrete. The paper presents a comparison of the results of the tests of the effectiveness of corrosion protection of reinforced concrete with the addition of calcareous fly ash. Tests were conducted by two electrochemical methods. Results obtained by potentiostatic measurement on reinforcement inserts deposited in cylindrical specimens in accordance with EN 480-14 standard were compared with studies investigating the progress of reinforcement corrosion caused by chlorides in loaded and cracked test elements made of these concretes. Tests of the cracked elements reflect the behaviour of reinforced concrete construction during operation in adverse environmental conditions, classified as standard XD and XS exposure classes. Comparison of the tests indicates the potential for potentiostatic measurement to be used to current assessment of protective properties of concrete with mineral additives.
SETTLEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL HEATING COSTS IN MULTIFAMILY BUILDINGS – POLISH EXPERIENCE
Authors: SPECJAŁ Aleksandra , CIUMAN Halina 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
European Directive on energy efficiency requires the settlement of energy consumers according to the actual consumption. The use of properly operating and socially acceptable settlement systems of individual heating costs contributes to energy savings in the residential sector. The paper presents the national legal requirements in this field and the possibility of using different settlement systems of heating costs. The main causes of irregularities in settlements of individual heating costs using heat cost allocators in housing sector in Poland are listed and described. There are presented proposals of existing irregularities elimination, in order to obtain adequate quality of the heating cost division in building into individual apartments.
ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE SANITATION IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Authors: WIDOMSKI Marcin K. , ŁADZIAK Ewelina , ŁAGÓD Grzegorz 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper presents discussion of the problem of rural sanitation economic sustainability, affecting the overall investment agreement with the principles of sustainable development. In our opinion, economic aspects of sustainability, understood as affordability and profitability of the investment are crucial because they affect the social acceptance and willingness to pay by the members of rural communities. Additionally, it was proposed to use the well-known decision-making indicators of cost efficiency to assess the economic sustainability of rural sanitation. Four different variants of rural sanitation, centralized and decentralized, utilizing up-to-date state of art and technologies, were developed and tested with use of NPV, BCR and DGC indicators. The performed multivariate analysis using Weighted Sum Model showed the low profitability of centralized systems of rural sanitation, thus their sustainability may be questioned from economic and social point of view.
COLLABORATIVE HOUSING PERSPECTIVES. DEFINITION, HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND EXAMPLES
Authors: TWARDOCH Agata 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this paper the author describes the phenomenon of collaborative housing, provides its definition, historical outline, systematics and variants, and presents selected examples of this kind of housing from Western European countries (Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands), where collaborative housing has been successfully developing at least since the 1970s. This paper, together with the paper that follows it, entitled: “Collaborative Housing Perspectives. Potential, Barriers and Legal Possibilities in the Polish Conditions”, constitutes a monographic study of the problem of collaborative housing in Poland. This paper constitutes part one of the study.
APPLICATION OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) FOR ACOUSTIC ADAPTATION OF CLASSROOMS
Authors: NOWOŚWIAT Artur , SZURMAN Florentyna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In the paper we put forward a proposition of acoustic adaptation of classrooms based on the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The main objective of such an adaptation is to increase speech intelligibility aiming to enhance the teaching quality level. The model is based on four main criteria which have impact both on the teaching process and on the adaptation costs. The said criteria comprise reverberation time, speech transmission index STI, financial cost of the adaptation and non-economic costs. The priorities and significance of the main criteria are identified by way of measureable calculations involving reverberation time, STI, costs and expertise, intangible, non-economic cost estimations. The AHP analysis should be viewed as a framework facilitating decision making processes applied in scientific or engineering analyses. The paper demonstrates the acoustic adaptation method of classrooms in terms of acoustic parameters and implementation costs of such an adaptation. The AHP analysis can help architects and classroom users adopt a more rational approach to further optimization and work out a definite building process which could provide a platform to compare different alternatives on a common and comprehensive basis.
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EXPLOITATION OF SMALL DRINKING WATER INTAKES
Authors: NOWAK Robert , IMPEROWICZ-PAWLACZYK Anna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this work, attention has been paid to the problem of quality of groundwater, which is the main source of supply of drinking water for rural inhabitants. In particular, the important factors for the groundwater quality in rural areas have been presented. This paper also shows the impact of the quality and quantity of available water resources on the exploitation of chosen small water intakes. Results of research on the quality parameters of groundwater, obtained in 2012÷2016 for selected rural intakes in north-western Poland, were presented. There was an increase in the content of iron and manganese compounds, ammonium ions, as well as the presence of bacteriological contaminants in test water samples. For these reasons, problems with providing the receivers with water of appropriate quality parameters have been reported in described rural intakes. The paper is an attempt to show the relationship between the type and magnitude of changes in the groundwater quality and the efficiency of the water treatment. In addition, pro-quality activities undertaken by local water companies were emphasized.
INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY EVALUATION IN DWELLINGS: A POLISH CASE STUDY
Authors: KACZMARCZYK Jan , LIPCZYŃSKA Aleksandra , KATEUSZ Przemysław 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The indoor environment determines the occupants’ comfort and significantly affects the energy consumed for heating and ventilating the building premises. Therefore, the proper complex thermal diagnostics of existing buildings requires a fair assessment of indoor environment conditions. The method for measuring and assessing the quality of the thermal environment and the quality of the indoor air is demonstrated through the example of two single-family houses and one apartment in a multi-family house. In this paper, attention was paid to the issues that should be taken into account when conducting indoor environment diagnostics in residential buildings.
Optimization of Mixed Solid-state Fermentation of Soybean Meal by Lactobacillus Species and Clostridium butyricum
Authors: SU LI-WEN , CHENG YEONG-HSIANG , HSIAO FELIX SHIH-HSIANG , HAN JIN-CHENG , YU YU-HSIANG 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Soybean meal is the main vegetable protein source in animal feed. Soybean meal contains several anti-nutritional factors, which directly affect digestion and absorption of soy protein, thereby reducing growth performance and value in animals. Fermented soybean meal is rich in probiotics and functional metabolites, which facilitates soybean protein digestion, absorption and utilization in piglets. However, the mixed solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions of soybean meal remain to be optimized. In this study, we investigated the optimal parameters for SSF of soybean meal by Lactobacillus species and Clostridium butyricum. The results showed that two days of fermentation was sufficient to increase the viable count of bacteria, lactic acid levels and degradation of soybean protein in fermented soybean meal at the initial moisture content of 50%. The pH value, lowering sugar content and oligosaccharides in fermented soybean meal, was significantly reduced at the initial moisture content of 50% after two days of fermentation. Furthermore, the exogenous proteases used in combination with probiotics supplementation were further able to enhance the viable count of bacteria, degradation of soybean protein and lactic acid level in the fermented soybean meal. In addition, the pH value and sugar content in fermented soybean meal were considerably reduced in the presence of both proteases and probiotics. Furthermore, the fermented soybean meal also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. These results together suggest that supplementation of both proteases and probiotics in SSF improves the nutritional value of fermented soybean meal and this is suitable as a protein source in animal feed.
Bacterial Microbiota and Fatty Acids in the Faeces of Overweight and Obese Children
Authors: BARCZYŃSKA RENATA , LITWIN MIECZYSŁAW , SLIŻEWSKA KATARZYNA , SZALECKI MIECZYSLAW , BERDOWSKA AGNIESZKA , BANDURSKA KATARZYNA , LIBUDZISZ ZDZISŁAWA , KAPUŚNIAK JANUSZ 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The growing number of children with overweight and obesity constitutes a major health problem of the modern world and it has been suggested that intestinal microbiota may influence energy intake from food. The objectives of this study were to determine quantity and proportions of dominant genera of Bacteroides, Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes); Clostridium, Lactobacillus (phylum Firmicutes) and Bifidobacterium (phylum Actinobacteria) in the intestines and to determine the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) in the stool of 20 obese children and 20 children with normal body weight. Strains classified as Firmicutes (Clostridium and Lactobacillus) predominated in stool microbiota of obese children, while those of Bacteroidetes (Prevotella and Bacteroides) were in minority (p < 0.001). Concentration of SCFAs in the stool of obese children was lower in comparison to the stool of normal weight children (p = 0.04). However, these differences were significant only in obese children, not in overweight children in comparison with the lean ones. Therefore, in our study obesity was associated with intestinal dysbiosis and a predominance of phylum Firmicutes. Secondly, stool of obese children contained lower amounts of SCFAs.
Are Probiotic Really Safe for Humans?
Authors: ZAWISTOWSKA-ROJEK ANNA , TYSKI STEFAN 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Probiotic bacteria have been used as a health-promoting factor for a very long time. Nowadays, products containing probiotic bacteria are becoming more and more popular on the market. The term probiotics refers to the products belonging to the following groups: probiotic drugs (medicinal products – live biotherapeutic products for human use), medical devices, probiotic foods (e.g. foods, food ingredients, dietary supplements or food for special medical purposes), directly fed microorganisms (for animal use) and designer probiotics (genetically modified probiotics). Safety assessment of bacterial strains used as probiotics should be carefully studied. Even though probiotic bacteria have the generally recognized as safe (GRAS status), there are several reports about side effects triggered by the presence of these organisms. Microorganisms used as probiotics may cause systemic infections, stimulate the immune system, disturb metabolism and participate in horizontal gene transfer.
Secondary Metabolites of Actinomycetes and their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Properties
Authors: JAKUBIEC-KRZESNIAK KATARZYNA , RAJNISZ-MATEUSIAK ALEKSANDRA , GUSPIEL ADAM , ZIEMSKA JOANNA , SOLECKA JOLANTA 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The growing resistance of microorganisms towards antibiotics has become a serious global problem. Therapeutics with novel chemical scaffolds and/or mechanisms of action are urgently needed to combat infections caused by multidrug resistant pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Development of novel antimicrobial agents is still highly dependent on the discovery of new natural products. At present, most antimicrobial drugs used in medicine are of natural origin. Among the natural producers of bioactive substances, Actinobacteria continue to be an important source of novel secondary metabolites for drug application. In this review, the authors report on the bioactive antimicrobial secondary metabolites of Actinobacteria that were described between 2011 and April 2018. Special attention is paid to the chemical scaffolds, biological activities and origin of these novel antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral compounds. Arenimycin C, chromopeptide lactone RSP 01, kocurin, macrolactins A1 and B1, chaxamycin D as well as anthracimycin are regarded as the most effective compounds with antibacterial activity. In turn, the highest potency among selected antifungal compounds is exhibited by enduspeptide B, neomaclafungins A-I and kribelloside D, while ahmpatinin iBu, antimycin A1a, and pentapeptide 4862F are recognized as the strongest antiviral agents.
Analysis of the performance indicators of oil well sucker-rod pumps
Authors: Eyvazova Z. E. , Farajov T. E. 
Published: September 2018

The paper notes that as the depths of operated wells grow, the application of cable and pulley mechanisms becomes preferable as compared to the existing pumpjacks. A generalized theoretical analysis of the kinematics of cable and pulley drives is set forth. The authors present the general theoretical analysis of the kinematics of the above mechanisms, as well as the results of computer calculations based of the developed equations for a number of cases. Further analysis of the results showed that the crank mechanisms of a rope pulley have “smooth” kinematics. The research resulted in a proposed invention of the design of mast-type oil well sucker-rod pump drive with lower steel intensity and power consumption that would allow increasing the performance of sucker-rod pumps.The Purpose of this article consists in finding a utility model of a pump for the well rod in order to ensure the environmental safety of the equipment. That is achieved by lightening the metal structure of the pump with rotary stem and energy consumption is reduced. In the context of this problem, some calculations were performed in order to prove the system’s dependability. Based on the performed calculations it was established that the light structure can be used instead of the old heavy structure being its environmentally safe version. Experimental studies conducted by AzINMASH Research and Design Institute of Petroleum Engineering (Baku, Azerbaijan) indicate the feasibility of normal operation of sucker-rod pumps under the condition that n∙S = 54÷60 m/min. The authors examined the dependence between the peak output Q and the number of strokes n for various standard pumpjack sizes. The analysis of the parameters shown that the value of the product n∙S in the existing pumpjacks is below the recommendations based on experimental data, i.e. there is a tangible opportunity of increasing the productivity by extending the stroke of the rod hanger center, since well pump barrels may be as long as 6 to 7 meters. Estimates show that while studying the kinematics of long-stroke drives the changes in the length of the rope may be practically disregarded due to the displacement of the rope-to-pulley contact point. This simplifies the formulas that describe the kinematics of this type of long-stroke drives. Using the resulting formulas, comparative computer calculations for various cases were performed. It is shown that cable and pulley mechanisms have “softer” kinematics. The calculations confirmed the advisability of modification of the pump’s design that ensured reduced pollution of environment and energy savings. The future world will need renewable sources of energy, more power-efficient oil and gas production, minimal or zero pollution of the environment, thus the proposed solution appears to be of relevance. The authors propose a more productive design of sucker-rod pump that is easy to install and maintain at oil and gas production facilities. That can be achieved based on the calculations mentioned above.