bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fan-shaped aurora as seen from Japan during a great magnetic storm on February 11, 1958
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho , Uchino Shiori , Fujiwara Yasunori , Fujita Shigeru , Yamamoto Kazuaki 
Published: May 2019

During a great magnetic storm on Feb 11, 1958, a fan-shaped aurora was photographed at Memambetsu, Hokkaido, Japan – the first and oldest photograph record of auroras observed in Japan, accompanied by many hand-made drawings, thus, portraying a rare opportunity of coexistence between photograph images and hand-made drawings. In fact, the same portrayal reminds us of the great red aurora with fan-shaped white pillars observed during the 1872 and 1770 great magnetic storms. The hand-made sketches, photographs, and the spectral data revealed that the white pillars and red glow of the fan-shaped aurora were dominated by auroral green and red lines, respectively. From the analysis of newly digitized microfilm data and hand-made drawings, we found that the fan-shaped aurora appeared during the peak activity of magnetic storm and moved westward at 0.4 km/s at 400-km altitude at 38°–40° magnetic latitudes, which is consistent with the enhanced convection pattern in the middle latitude at storm time. Such a fan-shaped aurora can fundamentally characterize the middle-latitude evening-to-midnight auroras during great magnetic storms, which show the most destabilized transient appearance of the inner magnetosphere.
Unterwegs in der Schweiz Afrikas: Die Homöopathie findet ihren Weg nach Ruanda
Authors: von Wedel Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit 2 Jahrzehnten engagieren sich rund 400 Homöopathinnen und Homöopathen im Rahmen der Homöopathen ohne Grenzen e. V. (HOG). Getreu der Leitidee „Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe durch Homöopathie“ leisten sie entweder humanitäre Soforthilfe, wo es sinnvoll ist, oder verbreiten die Lehre der Homöopathie durch gezielte und lokal angepasste Ausbildungsmaßnahmen. In diesem Beitrag soll ein Einblick in die Arbeit bei HOG gegeben werden. Ruanda, ein Land, in dem noch immer mit den traumatischen Folgen des Genozids im Jahr 1994 gerungen wird, ist Ziel einer Reise der Homöopathen ohne Grenzen.
Entstehung einer medizinischen Versorgungseinheit in einem Dorf in Tansania mit homöopathischem Schwerpunkt
Authors: Koch Th. Anton , Stockhausen Thomas 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Projekt junger Menschen, in Afrika ein Krankenhaus zu bauen, konnte in Matanana, einer Dorfsiedlung in der Hochebene Tansanias im Distrikt Iringa im Jahre 2013 verwirklicht werden. Es wurde unterstützt von Anamed international und Ärzten, besonders von homöopathischen Ärzten, mit dem Ziel, die gesundheitliche Situation im Busch von Tansania zu verbessern. Malariaprophylaxe, Aids, Infektionen, Wundbehandlung, Diabetes und Hypertonie, aber auch Gesundheitsvorsorge, Hygienemaßnahmen und Ausbildung standen auf der Agenda. Im Vordergrund steht dort die Behandlung durch Homöopathie und natürlicher Medizin, die im Anamedgarten wächst, aber es wird auch konventionelle Medizin angewendet. Außerdem wird die Anwendung und Zubereitung von Artemisia annua anamed zur Malariaprophylaxe, zur symptomatischen Therapie der Malaria und für weitere Erkrankungen beschrieben.
Kritische Betrachtung des
Fasziendistorsionsmodells
Authors: Thalhamer Christoph 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungObwohl die Behandlungsmethode des Fasziendistorsionsmodells (FDM) bereits seit
den 1990er-Jahren existiert, liegen nur wenige klinische Studien zu deren
Wirksamkeit vor. Beim FDM handelt es sich also immer noch um eine
expertenbasierte und nicht um eine auf externe Evidenz gestützte Methode.Die eingesetzten Techniken sind meist äußerst schmerzhaft. Daher bleibt die
strittige ethische Frage, ob Patienten trotz ungeklärten Nutzens Schmerzen
ausgesetzt werden sollten.
Evaluating the effect of injecting triamcinolone acetonide in two sessions for preventing esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hashimoto Satoru , Mizuno Ken-ichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Sato Hiroki , Yokoyama Junji , Takeuchi Manabu , Sato Yuichi , Kobayashi Masaaki , Terai Shuji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Several previous reports indicate that endoscopic injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) after widespread endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is effective for preventing esophageal stricture. We investigated the efficacy of injecting TA in two sessions for preventing stricture formation post-ESD.
Patients and methods Sixty-six consecutive patients with widespread mucosal defects that affected more than three-fourths of the circumference of the esophagus were included. The study group (n = 40) received TA injections over two sessions: immediately after and 14 days after ESD. The control group (n = 26) did not receive a TA injection. This study was performed retrospectively against historical controls. The primary endpoint of this study was frequency of stricture after TA injection. The secondary endpoint was number of required endoscopic balloon dilations (EBDs) after TA injection.
Results The post-ESD stricture rate among patients who had subcircumferential mucosal defects was 45.7 % in the study group (16/35 patients), which was significantly lower than the rate of 73.9 % in the control group (17/23 patients; P = 0.031). The number of EBD procedures required was significantly lower in the study group (median 0, range 0 – 7) than in the control group (median 4, range 0 – 20; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the study and control groups among the patients who had full circumferential mucosal defects.
Conclusion This study showed that performing two sessions of TA injection is an effective and safe treatment for prevention of esophageal stricture following subcircumferential ESD.
Fractures of the Second Cervical Vertebra in 66 Dogs and 3 Cats: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Schmidli Fenella , Stein Veronika , Aikawa Takeshi , Boudrieau Randy , Jeandel Aurelien , Jeffery Nicholas , Jurina Konrad , Moissonnier Pierre , Rupp Stefan , Vidondo Beatriz , Forterre Franck 
Published: May 2019

Background In human medicine, fractures of the second cervical vertebra have been studied elaborately and categorized in detail. This is not the case in veterinary medicine where clinical decisions are often based on old studies focusing on the cervical spine in general.
Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features, fracture types, therapeutic options and outcome of dogs and cats with a fractured axis.
Study Design The present study was a multi-institutional retrospective case series.
Results Crossbreeds and Labrador Retrievers were the most represented dog breeds. Median age was 2 years. Motor vehicle accident was the most common inciting cause, followed by frontal collision. The most common neurological deficits ranged from cervical pain with or without mild ataxia (22/68) to tetraparesis (28/68) and tetraplegia (11/68). Concerning treatment, 37 of 69 patients underwent surgical fracture stabilization, 27/69 received conservative therapy and 5/69 were immediately euthanatized. Of all treated cases, 52/58 showed ambulatory recovery (23/25 of the conservatively treated and 29/33 of the surgically treated cases), whereby in 40/52 cases full recovery without persisting signs was achieved.
Conclusions Fractures of the axis commonly occur in young dogs. In many cases, neurological deficits are relatively mild. Generally, animals with a fractured axis have a very good prognosis for functional recovery. The risk of perioperative mortality is considerably lower than previously reported.
Treatment Options for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors to the Liver: A Review
Authors: Lillemoe Heather A. , Brudvik Kristoffer W. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUp to half of patients with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) will present with metastatic disease, most commonly involving the liver. Prior to the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, treatment options were limited for patients with metastatic GIST to the liver resulting in dismal survival rates. However, with the advent of effective systemic chemotherapy and continued advancements in both surgical and local adjunctive therapy options, significant improvements in survival have been achieved. In this review, the authors characterize the evolution of the treatment approach for metastatic GIST to the liver, including the roles of both surgical resection and adjunctive therapies in today's practice.
Body Mass Index to Age Ratio: A Cost Effective Implant Selection Guideline for Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Bolz Nicholas , Odeh Khalid , Osmani Feroz , Bearison Craig , Schwarzkopf Ran , Iorio Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incidence of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is dramatically increasing, placing a financial burden on the health care system as a whole. These economic challenges have inspired innovation in health care and spurred the implementation of value-based-care models. In this new health care environment, it is imperative to develop strategies that reduce cost while maintaining quality. The authors developed an implant selection guideline system for THA based upon a ratio of patient body mass index (BMI) to age. Patients are divided into either a high, medium, or standard demand category based on a BMI/age ratio of > 0.60, 0.60–0.41, and < 0.40, respectively. Retrospectively, the authors reviewed surgical reports of 1,990 patients who underwent primary THA at their institution from January 2012 to March 2014 to identify the type of implants utilized and analyze the potential cost impact of implementing this standardization system into clinical practice. Of 701 standard demand patients, 31.2% received higher cost implants than their demand necessitates under their model. A 16.5% of the 892 medium demand patients received high demand implants. High and medium demand implants cost 21.1 and 10.5% more than standard demand, respectively. Collectively, application of the BMI/age ratio would have resulted in a 2.2% reduction in overall THA implant cost and 15% if high demand implants had been used in every patient. Implementation of a BMI/age ratio for THA implant selection will reduce costs. This strategy may allow hospitals to more accurately predict and control future costs which is of growing importance in today's bundled payment and value-based-care environment.
Pediatric Nasal Reconstruction by Washio Procedure
Authors: O'Rourke Sara Caterina Maria , Neiva Cecilia , Galliani Eva , Kadlub Natacha , Picard Arnaud , Morice Anne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of the Washio retroauricular flap for nasal reconstruction has been infrequently covered in recent literature, particularly concerning the pediatric population. A retrospective study was conducted between 2014 and 2018 and included all pediatric patients who underwent a Washio retroauricular flap procedure for nasal reconstruction operated on by the same surgeon at a referral center for pediatric plastic and maxillofacial surgery. The mean age at the time of the first stage of the Washio procedure was just under 8 years of age (range: 6 years 3 months–8 years 10 months). The Washio retroauricular flap procedure was successfully employed in three patients with three different anatomical defects, including the nasal alae, nasal tip, and columella, without postoperative healing complications. Arguably, the Washio method is sufficiently versatile to be used in various defect types, allows space and planning for subsequent surgical corrections, avoids additional visible scarring of the face, and spares flaps that may be required at the end of the growth, such as the pedicled forehead flap. It is a safe procedure, provided that at least a two-stage procedure is performed, and a progressive postoperative verticalization is prescribed to limit venous drainage complications.
The Degree of Posttraumatic Enophthalmos Detectable by Lay Observers
Authors: Ugradar Shoaib , Lo Christopher , Manoukian Narek , Putthirangsiwong Bunyada , Rootman Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study was to determine the degree of posttraumatic enophthalmos that is detectable by lay observers. In this case-control study, 60 photographs (frontal and oblique angles) of patients from an oculoplastics registry at the authors' institution were reviewed by lay observers. Patients were included if they had between 1 and 5 mm of unilateral enophthalmos, at least 6 months following trauma. They were divided into five groups of 10 and each group was separated by increments of 1 mm. Controls were selected from the same database and had 0 mm difference between each eye. Patients were excluded if they had any medical condition that might cause enophthalmos (including use of prostaglandin analogues). Participants were also excluded if they had any medical or surgical condition affecting the contralateral side. Lay observers were randomly selected from a pool of volunteers in nonmedical programs at our affiliated university. The primary outcome measure was the asymmetry cut-off (in millimeters) in which more than 50% of the cases (chance) were identified correctly. The generalized mixed model predicts that 66% of lay observers would correctly identify a difference between both eyes at a rate greater than would be predicted by chance, if at least a 5 mm difference existed between them (95% confidence interval [CI] 55.5–75%). This study shows that lay observers only reliably detect unilateral enophthalmos when there is at least a 5 mm difference between the eyes. This study used two-dimensional (2D) photographs and, therefore, results with three-dimensional (3D) observation may be different. In this study of 2D photographs, unilateral posttraumatic enophthalmos is only reliably detected by lay observers when a 5 mm difference exists between the eyes.
Bacterial scattering in microfluidic crystal flows reveals giant active Taylor–Aris dispersion
Authors: Dehkharghani Amin , Waisbord Nicolas , Dunkel Jörn , Guasto Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
The fluid habitats of swimming microbes are characterized by heterogeneous flow, typical of groundwater and marine turbulence, which can augment cell transport in unexpected ways and affect important processes ranging from biogeochemical cycling to disease transmission. Following in the footsteps of century-old light diffraction techniques, the scattering of bacteria in microfluidic crystal flows reveals how cell shape and motility couple to hydrodynamic gradients, giving rise to observed filamentous cell density patterns. Consequently, hindered bacterial mobility transverse to the flow greatly enhances downstream dispersal. These results illustrate the stark contrast of active matter transport with passive Brownian particles and may provide insights into microbial ecosystems, biomedical device design, and the guidance of swimming microrobots.
Enhanced susceptibility to chemically induced colitis caused by excessive endosomal TLR signaling in LRBA-deficient mice
Authors: Wang Kuan-wen , Zhan Xiaoming , McAlpine William , Zhang Zhao , Choi Jin Huk , Shi Hexin , Misawa Takuma , Yue Tao , Zhang Duanwu , Wang Ying , Ludwig Sara , Russell Jamie , Tang Miao , Li Xiaohong , Murray Anne R. , Moresco Eva Marie Y. , Turer Emre E. , Beutler Bruce 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceIBD is one of the most common early manifestations of LRBA deficiency and has been attributed to impaired regulatory T cell function. However, whether other immune cell types also contribute has not been comprehensively tested. We found that, in LRBA-deficient mice, DCs contribute significantly to colitis in the DSS model. We also showed that blocking innate immune signaling from the endosomal TLRs, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, inLrba−/−mice dramatically reduced their susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Our data indicate a role for LRBA in limiting endosomal TLR signaling and suggest that elevated IRF3 and IRF7 activation leading to increased expression of inflammatory chemokines promotes excessive intestinal inflammation in LRBA-deficient mice.
Protective role for the N-terminal domain of α-dystroglycan in Influenza A virus proliferation
Authors: de Greef Jessica C. , Slütter Bram , Anderson Mary E. , Hamlyn Rebecca , O’Campo Landa Raul , McNutt Ellison J. , Hara Yuji , Pewe Lecia L. , Venzke David , Matsumura Kiichiro , Saito Fumiaki , Harty John T. , Campbell Kevin P. 
Published: May 2019

Significance
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a major cause of respiratory infections. We show that mice lacking the N-terminal domain of α-dystroglycan (α-DGN) exhibit significantly higher viral titers in the lungs after IAV infection. In addition, we show that overexpression of α-DGN in the lungs, both prior and during IAV infection, significantly reduces viral load and that recombinant α-DGN disrupts hemagglutination mediated by the influenza virus. Collectively, we uncover a protective role for α-DGN in IAV proliferation, suggesting it may have antiviral properties and could potentially be used as a treatment for IAV infection. As α-DGN levels are altered in more (inflammatory) disease states, this insight opens new avenues of investigation into the role of α-DGN in inflammation.
Deconstructing markedness in sound change typology
Authors: Blevins Juliette 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many sound changes have been attributed to misperception (Ohala 1981, 1993). When two sounds A and B are perceptually similar, A can be misperceived as B and vice versa. One sound change attributed solely to perceptual similarity is θ > f (Blevins 2004). Misperception of [θ] as [f] yields θ > f, while hearing [f] as [θ] should lead to f > θ changes. Context-free shifts of θ > f are attested, but regular f > θ changes are rare. Recent research questions the existence of f > θ changes and the perceptual basis of θ > f changes. Historical, typological, experimental, developmental, and language contact data reviewed here support the original perceptual account of θ > f and f > θ, suggesting that the observed asymmetry can be explained phonetically and structurally, without reference to markedness (cf. Andersen 2008).
Grammaticalization and degrammati(calizati)on in the development of the Iranian verb system
Authors: Bubenik Vit 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The present article contributes to the current theoretical discussions regarding the issues of grammaticalization, degrammati(calizati)on and reanalysis as practiced by scholars working predominantly in West European, Greek and Slavic languages. It brings into discussion relatively under-represented data from the West Iranian languages by surveying fundamental morphological and syntactic changes observable in the development of the verb systems of Persian, Tajik, Kurdish and Balochi: (i) the realignment of the Old Persian possessive construction as the finite verb form in Middle Persian, (ii) the establishment of the analytic Perfect in Early New Persian, (iii) degrammati(calizati)on of the copula in the Perfect aspect in Kurdish and Balochi, (iv) grammaticalization of the adverb hamēw ‘always’ as the Imperfect marker in Early New Persian, (v) the formation of the modal future tense in New Persian, and (vi) the role of grammaticalization and degrammati(calizati)on in the renewal of the passive diathesis in Early New Persian.
From preverbal to postverbal in the early history of Japanese
Authors: Frellesvig Bjarke 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Old Japanese (largely 8th century AD; “OJ”) is, like Middle and Modern Japanese, a typical SOV language and also shares with them a complex predicate construction consisting of two adjacent verbs, V1 V2, of which V2 has some grammatical function, (i). However, OJ in addition has a complex predicate construction in which V1 is grammatical and V2 is the main verb, (ii), which seems anomalous in an SOV language and which is not found in Middle or Modern Japanese.

(i)
NJ nomi-au
(lit. ‘drink-meet’) ‘drink together’

(ii)
OJ
api nomu (lit. ‘meet drink’) ‘drink together’

Situated within a classical version of Henning Andersen’s language change theory, this paper offers a diachronic interpretation of the OJ construction in (ii) as a transient stage in the emergence of the complex predicate construction in (i), which may be understood as having arisen through categorial reinterpretation of preverbal adverbial material as grammatical, reflected in (ii), followed by a structurally motivated shift to postverbal position, reflected in (i). This proposal is further generalized to account for several grammatical suffixes in Japanese as having originated in similar sets of innovations, specifically the prohibitive final particle na, negative -(a)n-, conjectural -(a)m-, necessitive be‑ and negative potential masizi.
From a single lexical unit to multiple grammatical paradigms
Authors: Kragh Kirsten Jeppesen , Schøsler Lene 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the reanalysis, grammaticalisation, and paradigmatization of constructions becoming members of grammatical paradigms. The changes are illustrated by means of a single lexical unit, i.e. the French verb of perception, voir “to see”. The verb is found in very different contexts, which have been reanalysed and resulted in grammaticalized structures. Therefore, voir provides an interesting illustration of the pathway of a lexical unit into grammar. One reanalysis has resulted in the creation of voir followed by the deictic relative as part of a marker of progression, i.e. as a member of the category of tense, aspect, and mood. Another pathway involves the imperative form of the verb, which has grammaticalized as presentatives (voici and voilà). These forms have undergone further grammaticalization or, following the terms of Henning Andersen, regrammation, into markers of focalization.
Morphosyntactic reanalysis in Australian languages
Authors: Koch Harold 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses three examples of reanalysis in the Pama-Nyungan languages of Australia, affecting word, clause, and sentence level constructions respectively. The elimination of a morpheme boundary, with absorption of an erstwhile suffix into the nominal stem, in Western Desert dialects revisits and amplifies earlier discussion from Koch (1995), canvassing various motivations and finding supporting data more recent data from Langlois (2004). Secondly, the gradual implementation of the effects of a change from ergative to accusative alignment in Panyjima, as established by Dench (1982), are explored within Andersen’s framework of actualisation. The third study shows, on the basis of the etymology of formal markers, how, in the Arandic languages, biclausal structures have developed via auxiliarisation into inflectional markers of imperfective aspect, but also into a set of inflections realising contrasting values within a new morphosyntactic category of “associated motion”. This section articulates the diachronic developments behind the synchronic system, building on earlier suggestions by Koch (1984) and Wilkins (1991).