bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Formation with Other-Than-Human Beings: Island Shrine Practice in Uganda’s Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Schoenbrun David L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:Many studies of ethnic formation find metaphors of descent at the core of largely masculinist discourse about belonging and difference. This study integrates the meaning, affect, and information-sharing prompted with the other-than-human beings – in particular, trees – enlisted during rhythmic assembly at an Island shrine in east Africa’s Inland Sea (Lake Victoria), in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Fostering ethnic identification there drew on lateral connections that crossed language, region, and standing without creating boundaries. A gendered discourse exceeding the masculine was likely indispensable to this sort of belonging. The beginning of a long period of bellicose state expansionism and the deep history of public healing in the region framed these developments.
Venue Shopping and Legitimacy: Making Sense of Harper's Immigration Record
Authors: Paquet Mireille , Larios Lindsay 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCanadian immigration policies went through numerous changes under the Conservative party leadership of Stephen Harper from 2006 to 2015. This article provides an empirical account of immigration policy change during this era and suggests that of state-centred venue shopping can effectively account for the Harper's immigration record. In particular, it documents the ways in which immigration policies have expanded into international and regional venues, opened new venues to non-state actors, further decentralized into subnational venues and reinvested into traditional administrative and executive venues for policy making. The analysis suggests that the redeployment of the state into new and expanding venues aims to demonstrate state capacity and legitimacy as a nodal actor in immigration policy.
FLAUTAS TRIPLES DE JAINA Y COPÁN. UN ESTUDIO ARQUEOACÚSTICO
Authors: Zalaquett Rock Francisca Amelia , Espino Ortiz Dulce Sugey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLos sonidos producidos por los seres humanos, así como los de su medio, son percibidos y codificados por las personas dependiendo de sus experiencias como parte de un grupo cultural; por esta razón, es esencial incorporarlos como un medio de comunicación entre los grupos sociales. En este trabajo presentamos el estudio arqueoacústico de dos flautas triples mayas. La primera proviene de las excavaciones en el sitio arqueológico de Jaina, y la segunda de un entierro en Copan, Honduras (Nakamura 2004). Ambas emiten una gran variedad sonora, la cual puede dar indicios de esta comunicación, tipo de manufactura y preferencias sonoras para el caso de los mayas prehispánicos. Este estudio es totalmente nuevo para el área maya y tiene una gran relevancia para incluir los sonidos como parte sustancial de la comunicación maya.
A partial lower jaw of a tetrapod from “Romer's Gap”
Authors: Chen Donglei , Alavi Yasaman , Brazeau Martin D. , Blom Henning , Millward David , Ahlberg Per E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe first half of the Mississippian or Early Carboniferous (Tournaisian to mid- Viséan), an interval of about 20 million years, has become known as “Romer's Gap” because of its poor tetrapod record. Recent discoveries emphasise the differences between pre-“Gap” Devonian tetrapods, unambiguous stem-group members retaining numerous “fish” characters indicative of an at least partially aquatic lifestyle, and post-“Gap” Carboniferous tetrapods, which are far more diverse and include fully terrestrial representatives of the main crown-group lineages. It seems that “Romer's Gap” coincided with the cladogenetic events leading to the origin of the tetrapod crown group. Here, we describe a partial right lower jaw ramus of a tetrapod from the late Tournaisian or early Viséan of Scotland. The large and robust jaw displays a distinctive character combination, including a significant mesial lamina of the strongly sculptured angular, an open sulcus for the mandibular lateral line, a non-ossified narrow Meckelian exposure, a well-defined dorsal longitudinal denticle ridge on the prearticular, and a mesially open adductor fossa. A phylogenetic analysis places this specimen in a trichotomy withCrassigyrinusand baphetids + higher tetrapods in the upper part of the tetrapod stem group, aboveWhatcheeria, Pederpes,Ossinodus,SigourneaandGreererpeton. It represents a small but significant step in the gradual closure of “Romer's Gap”.
What made Stan Wood a great collector?
Authors: Smithson Timothy R. , Rolfe W. D. Ian 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTStan Wood was an exceptional fossil collector who, over a collecting career of more than 40 years, provided British palaeontology with an abundance and variety of new Carboniferous fossils, the like of which had not been collected since Victorian times. So, what made him a great collector? Here, with the help of Stan's family, his friends and colleagues, we try to provide the answer. There is no single factor that stands out, but a complex mixture of innate and learned behaviours that together produced a unique talent. Although he acquired an Open University degree in geology, Stan was largely self-taught as a collector and, in doing so, became an accomplished and confident field geologist. He was naturally curious, persistent and very observant, with a photographic memory. He was tough, very strong and enjoyed hard physical work. He was congenial, unorthodox and a calculated risk taker. He asked questions, tested ideas and had a healthy disregard for authority. He was systematic, kept detailed records and shared his discoveries. He not only loved collecting fossils but, in the process, discovered in himself the essential qualities of a true scientist.
Faults Geometry and the Role of Fluids in the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence
Authors: Chiarabba C. , De Gori P. , Cattaneo M. , Spallarossa D. , Segou M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe 2016–2017 Central Italy seismic sequence ruptured overlapping normal faults of the Apennines mountain chain, in nine earthquakes with magnitude Mw > 5 within a few months. Here we investigate the structure of the fault system using an extensive aftershock data set, from joint permanent and temporary seismic networks, and 3‐D Vp and Vp/Vs velocity models. We show that mainshocks nucleated on gently west dipping planes that we interpret as inverted steep ramps inherited from the late Pliocene compression. The two large shocks, the 24 August, Mw = 6.0 Amatrice and the 30 October, Mw = 6.5 Norcia occurred on distinct faults reactivated by high pore pressure at the footwall, as indicated by positive Vp/Vs anomalies. The lateral extent of the overpressurized volume includes the fault patch of the Norcia earthquake. The irregular geometry of normal faults together with the reactivated ramps leads to the kinematic complexity observed during the coseismic ruptures and the spatial distribution of aftershocks.
Early to Late Holocene Surface Exposure Ages From Two Marine‐Terminating Outlet Glaciers in Northwest Greenland
Authors: Reusche Melissa M. , Marcott Shaun A. , Ceperley Elizabeth G. , Barth Aaron M. , Brook Edward J. , Mix Alan C. , Caffee Marc W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTerrestrial chronologies from southern Greenland provide a detailed deglacial history of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). The northern GIS margin history, however, is less established. Here we present surface exposure ages from moraines associated with two large outlet glaciers, Petermann and Humboldt, in the northwestern sector of the GIS. These moraine chronologies indicate a Little Ice Age advance of the ice sheet margin before ~0.3 ka and a possible equivalent advance of similar magnitude prior to ~2.8 ka. An early Holocene moraine at Humboldt Glacier was abandoned by 8.3 ± 1.7 ka and is contemporaneous with other moraines deposited along the entire western GIS margin. This widespread ice margin stability between ~9 and 8 ka indicates that while this margin was influenced by warming atmospheric temperatures during the early Holocene, the warming was likely overprinted with the effect of the abrupt climate cooling at 9.3 and 8.2 ka.
The April 2017 Mw6.5 Botswana Earthquake: An Intraplate Event Triggered by Deep Fluids
Authors: Gardonio B. , Jolivet R. , Calais E. , Leclère H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge earthquakes in stable continental regions remain puzzling as; unlike at plate boundaries, they do not result from the local buildup of strain driven by plate tectonics. The 2017 Mw6.5, Bostwana normal faulting earthquake occurred in a region devoid from recent tectonic activity and where present‐day deformation is negligible. The depth of the event (29 ± 4 km), in a felsic lower crust where ductile deformation is expected, likely requires a transient pulse of fluids from a deep source to activate brittle faulting. The mainshock was preceded by two foreshock swarm‐like sequences that may be further evidence for fluid movement in a critically loaded fault network. Contrary to plate boundary events, the Mw6.5 Botswana earthquake did not require prior localized stress or strain accumulation. We propose that the crust in stable continental regions, even long after the last tectonic episode, constitutes a reservoir of elastic stress that can be released episodically, for instance, as a result of deep fluid migration.
Impacts of Nearshore Wave‐Current Interaction on Transport and Mixing of Small‐Scale Buoyant Plumes
Authors: Rodriguez Angelica R. , Giddings Sarah N. , Kumar Nirnimesh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSmall‐scale buoyant outflows have the potential to impact beach contamination, nutrient exchange, productivity, larval recruitment, and carbon chemistry in the nearshore region where surface gravity waves influence momentum and energy transport. This study aims to understand the dynamics leading to the fate and structure of an idealized small‐scale outflow in the presence of surface waves using a fully coupled 3‐D hydrodynamic and spectral wave model. Wave‐current interactions significantly alter plume structure when compared to hydrodynamics‐only simulations. Wave dissipation injected into the water column as a flux of turbulent kinetic energy at the sea surface mixes the plume in the surf zone, while wave‐driven velocities reduce offshore plume propagation and enhance alongshore spreading. A series of simulations varying flow rate and offshore wave height indicate a log linear relationship between the surf zone volume‐integrated freshwater fraction and the ratio of wave to outflow momentum fluxes.
Comparative Saturn‐Versus‐Jupiter Tether Operation
Authors: Sanmartín J. R. , Peláez J. , Carrera‐Calvo I. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSaturn, Uranus, and Neptune, among the four Giant Outer planets, have magnetic field B about 20 times weaker than Jupiter. This could suggest, in principle, that planetary capture and operation using tethers, which involve B effects twice, might be much less effective at Saturn, in particular, than at Jupiter. It was recently found, however, that the very high Jovian B itself strongly limits conditions for tether use, maximum captured spacecraft‐to‐tether mass ratio only reaching to about 3.5. Further, it is here shown that planetary parameters and low magnetic field might make tether operation at Saturn more effective than at Jupiter. Operation analysis involves electron plasma density in a limited radial range, about 1–1.5 times Saturn radius, and is weakly requiring as regards density modeling.
Oxygen Ion Reflection at Earthward Propagating Dipolarization Fronts in the Magnetotail
Authors: Zhao S. J. , Fu S. Y. , Sun W. J. , Parks G. K. , Zhou X. Z. , Pu Z. Y. , Zhao D. , Wu T. , Yu F. B. , Zong Q. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA dipolarization front (DF) is known as the leading edge of an earthward high‐speed flow with a sharp enhancement in the northward magnetic field (Bz). Analysis of an event observed by Cluster shows that the behavior of oxygen ions (O+) around the DF is very different from protons (H+). After the crossing of the DF, the O+ density decreases more gradually than H+. The distance between the density minimum of O+ and the DF layer is ~4 times longer than that of H+, which is close to their gyroradii ratio with the same energy. A flux dropout is observed in the O+ energy spectrum, whose energy dependence indicates that ions with higher energies can reach locations farther tailward of the DF. Similar variations are also seen in studies of 22 events in which a common pattern of ion properties is obtained by performing a superposed epoch analysis. Finally, using backward tracing test‐particle simulations, we reproduce the characteristics of the flux dropout and verify that the time dependence of the dropout is highly correlated with the gyromotion of different energy O+ behind the DF. All these results provide a further understanding of ion dynamics associated with DFs and suggest that the observed O+ ions are reflected within a half gyromotion in the central plasma sheet.
Momentum Flux Spectra of a Mountain Wave Event Over New Zealand
Authors: Bossert Katrina , Fritts David C. , Heale Christopher J. , Eckermann Stephen D. , Plane John M. C. , Snively Jonathan B. , Williams Bifford P. , Reid Iain M. , Murphy Damian J. , Spargo Andrew J. , MacKinnon Andrew D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the Deep Propagating Gravity Wave Experiment (DEEPWAVE) 13 July 2014 research flight over the South Island of New Zealand, a multiscale spectrum of mountain waves (MWs) was observed. High‐resolution measurements of sodium densities were available from ~70 to 100 km for the duration of this flight. A comprehensive technique is presented for obtaining temperature perturbations, T′, from sodium mixing ratios over a range of altitudes, and these T′ were used to calculate the momentum flux (MF) spectra with respect to horizontal wavelengths, λH, for each flight segment. Spectral analysis revealed MWs with spectral power centered at λH of ~80, 120, and 220 km. The temperature amplitudes of these MWs varied between the four cross‐mountain flight legs occurring between 6:10UT and 9:10UT. The average spectral T′ amplitudes near 80 km in altitude ranged from 7–13 K for the 220 km λH MW and 4–8 K for the smaller λH MWs. These amplitudes decayed significantly up to 90 km, where a critical level for MWs was present. The average MF per unit mass near 80 km in altitude ranged from ~13 to 60 m2/s2 across the varying spectra over the duration of the research flight and decayed to ~0 by 88 km in altitude. These MFs are large compared to zonal means and highlight the importance of MWs in the momentum budget of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at times when they reach these altitudes.
Extratropical Atmospheric Predictability From the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in Subseasonal Forecast Models
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Schwartz Chen , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Son Seok‐Woo , Butler Amy H. , White Ian P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe effect of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on the Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric polar vortex is evaluated in five operational subseasonal forecasting models. Of these five models, the three with the best stratospheric resolution all indicate a weakened vortex during the easterly phase of the QBO relative to its westerly phase, consistent with the Holton‐Tan effect. The magnitude of this effect is well captured for initializations in late October and November in the model with the largest ensemble size. While the QBO appears to modulate the extratropical tropospheric circulation in some of the models as well, the importance of a polar stratospheric pathway, through the Holton‐Tan effect, for the tropospheric anomalies is unclear. Overall, knowledge of the QBO can contribute to enhanced predictability, at least in a probabilistic sense, of the Northern Hemisphere winter climate on subseasonal timescales.
Effect of gender on the acute effects of whey protein ingestion on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses in healthy young adults
Authors: Giezenaar Caroline , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie D , Hutchison Amy T , Lange Kylie , Hausken Trygve , Jones Karen L , Horowitz Michael , Chapman Ian , Soenen Stijn 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/objectivesProtein supplements, usually drinks rich in whey protein, are used widely for weight loss purposes in overweight adults. Information comparing the effects of whey protein on appetite and energy intake in men and women is limited. The objective was to compare the acute effects of whey-protein intake on energy intake, appetite, gastric emptying and gut hormones in healthy young men and women.Subjects/methodsGastric emptying (3D-ultrasonography), blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0–180 min), appetite (visual analogue scales), and ad libitum energy intake from a buffet meal (180–210 min) were determined after ingestion of 30 g (120 kcal) or 70 g (280 kcal) whey protein, or a flavoured-water control drink (~2 kcal) in 8 healthy young men (25 ± 2 y, 72 ± 3 kg, 23 ± 1 kg/m2) and 8 women (23 ± 1 y, 64 ± 2 kg, 24 ± 0.4 kg/m2).ResultsThere was a protein-load effect on gastric emptying, blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, CCK, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations, and perceptions of hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption (P < 0.05). Ad libitum energy intake (average decrease of 206 ± 39 kcal (15 ± 2%) for men and of 46 ± 54 kcal (0 ± 26%) for women for the mean of the intakes after the 30 and 70 g whey-protein loads) and hunger were suppressed more by whey-protein ingestion in men than women (P = 0.046). There was no difference in suppression of energy intake between the 30 and 70 g protein loads (P = 0.75, interaction effectP = 0.19). Consequently, total energy intake (protein drink plus buffet meal) increased more compared to control in women than men (P = 0.010). The drinks emptied more slowly, and plasma glucagon, CCK and GLP-1 increased less after the protein drinks, in women than men (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe acute effects of whey protein ingestion on appetite, energy intake, gastric emptying and gut hormone responses are influenced by gender in healthy young adults.
Inhibition of the miR-192/215–Rab11-FIP2 axis suppresses human gastric cancer progression
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Peng Yin , Huang Yong , Deng Shiqi , Feng Xianling , Hou Gangqiang , Lin Huijuan , Wang Jian , Yan Ruibin , Zhao Yanqiu , Fan Xinmin , Meltzer Stephen J. , Li Song , Jin Zhe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLess than a century ago, gastric cancer (GC) was the most common cancer throughout the world. Despite advances in surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic treatment, GC remains the number 3 cancer killer worldwide. This fact highlights the need for better diagnostic biomarkers and more effective therapeutic targets. RAB11-FIP2, a member of the Rab11 family of interacting proteins, exhibits potential tumor suppressor function. However, involvement of RAB11-FIP2 in gastric carcinogenesis is yet to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that RAB11-FIP2 was downregulated in GC tissues and constituted a target of the known onco-miRs, miR-192/215. We also showed that functionally, Rab11-FIP2 regulation by miR-192/215 is involved in GC-related biological activities. Finally, RAB11-FIP2 inhibition by miR-192/215 affected the establishment of cell polarity and tight junction formation in GC cells. In summary, this miR-192/215–Rab11-FIP2 axis appears to represent a new molecular mechanism underlying GC progression, while supplying a promising avenue of further research into diagnosis and therapy of GC.
Transcriptional downregulation of miR-133b by REST promotes prostate cancer metastasis to bone via activating TGF-β signaling
Authors: Huang Shuai , Wa Qingde , Pan Jincheng , Peng Xinsheng , Ren Dong , Li Qiji , Dai Yuhu , Yang Qing , Huang Yan , Zhang Xin , Zhou Wei , Yuan Dan , Cao Jiazheng , Li Yuming , He Peiheng , Tang Yubo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHigh avidity of bone metastasis is an important characteristic in prostate cancer (PCa). Downexpression of miR-133b has been reported to be implicated in the development, progression and recurrence in PCa. However, clinical significance and biological roles of miR-133b in bone metastasis of PCa remain unclear. Here we report that miR-133b is downregulated in PCa tissues and further decreased in bone metastatic PCa tissues. Downexpression of miR-133b positively correlates with advanced clinicopathological characteristics and shorter bone metastasis-free survival in PCa patients. Upregulating miR-133b inhibits invasion, migration in vitro and bone metastasis in vivo in PCa cells. Mechanistically, we find that miR-133b suppresses activity of TGF-β signaling via directly targeting TGF-β receptor I and II, which further inhibits bone metastasis of PCa cells. Our results further reveal that overexpression of REST contributes to miR-133b downexpression via transcriptional repression in PCa tissues. Importantly, silencing miR-133b enhances invasion and migration abilities in vitro and bone metastasis ability in vivo in REST-silenced PCa cells. The clinical correlation of miR-133b with TGFBRI, TGFBRII, REST and TGF-β signaling activity is verified in PCa tissues. Therefore, our results uncover a novel mechanism of miR-133b downexpression that REST transcriptionally inhibits miR-133b expression in PCa cells, and meanwhile support the notion that administration of miR-133b may serve as a rational regimen in the treatment of PCa bone metastasis.
Identification of dynamic undifferentiated cell states within the male germline
Authors: La Hue M. , Mäkelä Juho-Antti , Chan Ai-Leen , Rossello Fernando J. , Nefzger Christian M. , Legrand Julien M. D. , De Seram Mia , Polo Jose M. , Hobbs Robin M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe role of stem cells in tissue maintenance is appreciated and hierarchical models of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation often proposed. Stem cell activity in the male germline is restricted to undifferentiated A-type spermatogonia (Aundiff); however, only a fraction of this population act as stem cells in undisturbed testis and Aundiff hierarchy remains contentious. Through newly developed compound reporter mice, here we define molecular signatures of self-renewing and differentiation-primed adult Aundiff fractions and dissect Aundiff heterogeneity by single-cell analysis. We uncover an unappreciated population within the self-renewing Aundiff fraction marked by expression of embryonic patterning genes and homeodomain transcription factor PDX1. Importantly, we find that PDX1 marks a population with potent stem cell capacity unique to mature, homeostatic testis and demonstrate dynamic interconversion between PDX1+ and PDX1− Aundiff states upon transplant and culture. We conclude that Aundiff exist in a series of dynamic cell states with distinct function and provide evidence that stability of such states is dictated by niche-derived cues.