bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific pace-of-life syndromes
Authors: Moschilla Joe A , Tomkins Joseph L , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis considers an animal’s behavior, physiology, and life history as nonindependent components of a single integrated phenotype. However, frequent deviations from the expected correlations between POLS traits suggest that these relationships may be context, and potentially, sex dependent. To determine whether the sexes express distinct POLS trait covariance structures, we observed the behavior (mobility, latency to emerge from a shelter), physiology (mass-specific metabolic rate), and life history (life span, development time) of male and female Australian field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus). Path analysis modeling suggested that POLS trait covariation differed between the sexes. Although neither sex displayed the complete integration of traits predicted by the POLS hypothesis, females did display greater overall integration with a significant negative correlation between metabolic rate and risk-taking behavior but with life-history traits varying independently. In males, however, there was no clear association between traits. These results suggest that T. oceanicus do indeed display sex-specific trait covariance structures, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging sex in assessments of POLS.
US College Students Are at Increased Risk for Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease
Authors: Marshall Gary S , Dempsey Amanda F , Srivastava Amit , Isturiz Raul E 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Publicly available surveillance data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports, and other sources suggest that college students in the United States are at increased risk for meningococcus serogroup B (MenB) disease.
US surveillance data from 2015 to 2017 show that the incidence of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) was greater among college students than among those not attending college; the average annual incidence of MenB disease was &gt;5-fold higher among college students, and all college IMD outbreaks between 2011 and March 2019 were caused by MenB.
Auto Credit and the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform: The Impact of Eliminating Cramdowns
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajashri , Pattison Nathaniel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Auto lenders were perhaps the biggest winners of the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform, as Chapter 13 bankruptcy filers can no longer “cramdown” the amount owed on recent auto loans. We estimate the causal effect of this anticramdown provision on the price and quantity of auto credit. Exploiting historical variation in states’ usage of Chapter 13 bankruptcy, we find strong evidence that eliminating cramdowns decreased interest rates and some evidence that loan sizes increased among subprime borrowers. The decline in interest rates is persistent and is robust to a battery of sensitivity checks. We rule out other reform changes as possible causes.
Received September 29, 2016; editorial decision January 15, 2019 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells infusion in therapy refractory juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients
Authors: Swart Joost F , de Roock Sytze , Nievelstein Rutger A J , Slaper-Cortenbach Ineke C M , Boelens Jaap J , Wulffraat Nico M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the total number of adverse events (AEs) before and after mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) infusion in refractory JIA and to evaluate its effectiveness.

Methods
Single-centre Proof of Mechanism Phase Ib, open label intervention study in JIA patients previously failing all biologicals registered for their diagnosis. Six patients received 2 million/kg intravenous infusions of allogeneic bone-marrow derived MSC. In case of ACR-Ped30-response but subsequent loss of response one and maximal two repeated infusions are allowed.

Results
Six JIA patients with 9.2 years median disease duration, still active arthritis and damage were included. All had failed methotrexate, corticosteroids and median five different biologicals. MSC were administered twice in three patients. No acute infusion reactions were observed and a lower post-treatment than pre-treatment incidence in AEs was found. The one systemic onset JIA (sJIA) patient had again an evolving macrophage activation syndrome, 9 weeks after tocilizumab discontinuation and 7 weeks post-MSC infusion. Statistically significant decreases were found 8 weeks after one MSC infusion in VAS well-being (75–56), the JADAS-71 (24.5–11.0) and the cJADAS10 (18.0–10.6).

Conclusion
MSC infusions in six refractory JIA patients were safe, although in sJIA stopping the ‘failing’ biologic treatment carries a risk of a MAS flare, as the drug might still suppress the systemic features.

Trial registration
Trial register.nl, http://https://www.trialregister.nl, NTR4146.
A longitudinal workforce analysis of a Rural Clinical Placement Program for final year dental students
Authors: Johnson G , Byun R , Foster K , Wright FAC , Blinkhorn A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is little longitudinal evaluation of rural dental education outreach programs. This longitudinal research investigates the influence of a Rural Clinical Placement Program (RCPP) on workforce outcomes in terms of practice locations for five graduate years from the University of Sydney.MethodsWork locations for the graduates from 2009–2013 were identified in 2015 and 2017 by rurality, using faculty contact lists, phone calls and online methods. A total of 397 graduate locations were identified out of 404 (98.2%) (267 RCPP participants and 137 non‐RCPP participants). Semi‐structured questionnaires were used to report on demographic and characteristic data. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were utilised to explore associations.ResultsRural Clinical Placement Program participation in 2015 was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of working rurally (PR = 2.16), and almost two times the likelihood of rural retention in the period from 2015 to 2017 (PR = 1.93). In the multivariate analyses, both rural experience prior to the RCPP and pre‐placement rural intentions were significant independent predictors of an increased likelihood for rural employment and rural retention.ConclusionsParticipation in the RCPP was associated with increased rural employment and retention. Prior rural experience and pre‐placement rural intentions were identified as significant independent predictors of rural employment.
Biparametric vs multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients: a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alabousi Mostafa , Salameh Jean‐Paul , Gusenbauer Kaela , Samoilov Lucy , Jafri Ali , Yu Hang , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo perform a diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing multiparametric (diffusion‐weighted imaging [DWI], T2‐weighted imaging [T2WI], and dynamic contrast‐enhanced [DCE] imaging) magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and biparametric (DWI and T2WI) MRI (bpMRI) in detecting prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients.MethodsThe Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) were searched to identify relevant studies published after 1 January 2012. Articles underwent title, abstract, and full‐text screening. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with suspected prostate cancer, bpMRI and/or mpMRI as the index test(s), histopathology as the reference standard, and a DTA outcome measure. Methodological and DTA data were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)‐2 tool. DTA metrics were pooled using bivariate random‐effects meta‐analysis. Subgroup analysis was conducted to assess for heterogeneity.ResultsFrom an initial 3502 studies, 31 studies reporting on 9480 patients (4296 with prostate cancer) met the inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis; 25 studies reported on mpMRI (7000 patients, 2954 with prostate cancer) and 12 studies reported on bpMRI DTA (2716 patients, 1477 with prostate cancer). Pooled summary statistics demonstrated no significant difference for sensitivity (mpMRI: 86%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 81–90; bpMRI: 90%, 95% CI 83–94) or specificity (mpMRI: 73%, 95% CI 64–81; bpMRI: 70%, 95% CI 42–83). The summary receiver operating characteristic curves were comparable for mpMRI (0.87) and bpMRI (0.90).ConclusionsNo significant difference in DTA was found between mpMRI and bpMRI in diagnosing prostate cancer in treatment‐naïve patients. Study heterogeneity warrants cautious interpretation of the results. With replication of our findings in dedicated validation studies, bpMRI may serve as a faster, cheaper, gadolinium‐free alternative to mpMRI.
Concordance of breast fine needle aspiration cytology interpretation with subsequent surgical pathology: An 18‐year review from a single sub‐Saharan African institution
Authors: McHugh Kelsey E. , Bird Peter , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere are many merits to fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in evaluation of palpable breast lesions. We set out to determine the concordance of breast FNAC interpretation with subsequent surgical pathology in the resource‐limited healthcare setting of rural Kenya.MethodsAfrican Inland Church Kijabe Hospital electronic pathology files were retrospectively reviewed from 1/1999‐9/2017. All breast FNAC cases and subsequent surgical pathology specimens were identified. FNAC interpretations were categorised according to the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama codes: insufficient; benign; atypical favour benign; suspicious favour malignant; and malignant. Surgical pathology results were categorised as benign or malignant.ResultsIn total, 695 breast FNACs were identified. A total of 219 (31.5%) had subsequent surgical pathology. Average patient age was 39 years (range 13‐88); 95% were female. Nearly all (98%) lesions were palpable. FNAC interpretive categorisation was as follows: 20 (9%) insufficient, 103 (47%) benign, 16 (7%) atypical, 24 (11%) suspicious and 56 (26%) malignant. On histopathology, there were 141 (64%) benign cases and 78 (36%) malignancies (Table 1). The sensitivity of FNAC for detecting malignancy was 85%; specificity was 75%. Positive and negative predictive values were 69% and 88%. Diagnostic concordance between FNAC and histopathology was 79%. For definitively diagnostic FNAC categories, diagnostic concordance was 89%. On histopathology, malignant diagnoses were given in 0 insufficient, 12 (12%) benign, 4 (25%) atypical, 11 (46%) suspicious and 51 (91%) malignant cases. There were five false‐positive cytopathology interpretations and 12 false‐negatives.ConclusionsFNAC remains a valuable tool in evaluation of palpable breast lesions in resource‐limited healthcare settings.
Domain switching and polarization fatigue in rhombohedral PIN‐PMN‐PT and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals
Authors: Zhou Yaming , Li Qiang , Zhuo Fangping , Xu Chao , Yan Qingfeng , Zhang Yiling , Chu Xiangcheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDomain switching process under alternating electric field was investigated by in situ polarized light microscopy in [001]‐oriented Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals. Only one‐step 71° switching was confirmed in pure and Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals by the formed domain walls, whose projections on the (001) plane are along 45° or 135° with respect to [010] direction. Moreover, polarization and strain loops during cyclic electric field were studied in depth as a function of switching cycles. Polarization fatigue appeared obviously above 1000 bipolar cycles in PIN‐PMN‐PT samples, while Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT samples exhibited almost fatigue‐free characteristics. By considering the thermodynamic theory, the improved fatigue resistance in Mn‐doped PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals stems from the enhanced energy barrier of domain switching. Mn modification does not affect the domain switching paths, but it can enhance the energy barrier of domain switching, leading to the improved fatigue behaviors. Our results provide a useful insight into the underlying mechanisms between the domain switching process and polarization fatigue for applying high‐performance relaxor‐ferroelectric single crystals.
Angiotensin II‐induced redox‐sensitive SGLT1 and 2 expression promotes high glucose‐induced endothelial cell senescence
Authors: Khemais‐Benkhiat Sonia , Belcastro Eugenia , Idris‐Khodja Noureddine , Park Sin‐Hee , Amoura Lamia , Abbas Malak , Auger Cyril , Kessler Laurence , Mayoux Eric , Toti Florence , Schini‐Kerth Valérie B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh glucose (HG)‐induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Empagliflozin, a selective sodium glucose co‐transporter2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, reduced the risk of cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetic patients but the protective mechanism remains unclear. This study examines the role of SGLT2 in HG‐induced endothelial senescence and dysfunction. Porcine coronary artery cultured endothelial cells (ECs) or segments were exposed to HG (25 mmol/L) before determination of senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity, protein level by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, mRNA by RT‐PCR, nitric oxide (NO) by electron paramagnetic resonance, oxidative stress using dihydroethidium and glucose uptake using 2‐NBD‐glucose. HG increased ECs senescence markers and oxidative stress, down‐regulated eNOS expression and NO formation, and induced the expression of VCAM‐1, tissue factor, and the local angiotensin system, all these effects were prevented by empagliflozin. Empagliflozin and LX‐4211 (dual SGLT1/2 inhibitor) reduced glucose uptake stimulated by HG and H2O2 in ECs. HG increased SGLT1 and 2 protein levels in cultured ECs and native endothelium. Inhibition of the angiotensin system prevented HG‐induced ECs senescence and SGLT1 and 2 expression. Thus, HG‐induced ECs ageing is driven by the local angiotensin system via the redox‐sensitive up‐regulation of SGLT1 and 2, and, in turn, enhanced glucotoxicity.
The Society for Pediatric Anesthesia recommendations for the use of opioids in children during the perioperative period
Authors: Cravero Joseph P. , Agarwal Rita , Berde Charles , Birmingham Patrick , Coté Charles J. , Galinkin Jeffrey , Isaac Lisa , Kost‐Byerly Sabine , Krodel David , Maxwell Lynne , Voepel‐Lewis Terri , Sethna Navil , Wilder Robert 
Published: March 2019

SummaryOpioids have long held a prominent role in the management of perioperative pain in adults and children. Published reports concerning the appropriate, and inappropriate, use of these medications in pediatric patients have appeared in various publications over the last 50 years. For this document, the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia appointed a taskforce to evaluate the available literature and formulate recommendations with respect to the most salient aspects of perioperative opioid administration in children. The recommendations are graded based on the strength of the available evidence, with consensus of the experts applied for those issues where evidence is not available. The goal of the recommendations was to address the most important issues concerning opioid administration to children after surgery, including appropriate assessment of pain, monitoring of patients on opioid therapy, opioid dosing considerations, side effects of opioid treatment, strategies for opioid delivery, and assessment of analgesic efficacy. Regular updates are planned with a re‐release of guidelines every 2 years.
miR‐378a Modulates Macrophage Phagocytosis and Differentiation through Targeting CD47‐SIRPα Axis in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chen Wenna , Li Ximing , Wang Junyan , Song Nan , Zhu Aisong , Jia Lianqun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSignal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa) is an essential signalling molecule that modulates inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, the regulation of SIRPs and its dynamic changes in macrophages under inflammatory stimulation in atherosclerosis remain uncertain.ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the miRNAs that regulate SIRPa transcription and their roles in modulating phagocytosis, differentiation and cholesterol efflux in macrophages.MethodsApoE knockout mice were fed with a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. Intimal lesion areas and lipid accumulation were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and oil red O staining. The expression of mRNAs/miRNAs was assessed by RNA‐seq (RNA sequencing) and RT‐qPCR (real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The identification of miR‐378a associated with SIRPa regulation in macrophages induced by ox‐LDL was confirmed by RT‐qPCR and Western blot. The phagocytosis and differentiation of macrophages were detected to figure out the role of miR‐378a and SIRPa.ResultsSIRPa was proved to be a target of miR‐378a. Reduced miR‐378a can promote the expression of SIRPa. RNA‐seq data showed that the levels of mRNA associated with macrophage phenotypes and SIRPa‐CD47 axis were increasing significantly with a decreasing phagocytic phenotype in ApoE−/− mice vs wild‐type (WT) mice (P < 0.01). The level of miR‐378a was reduced in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice vs WT mice. The experiment in vitro showed that overexpression of miR‐378a in macrophages decreased the level of Sirpa mRNA obviously vs control (P < 0.01). The phagocytic activity of miR‐378a–transfected macrophages was promoted vs control (P < 0.05). miR‐378a significantly depleted Sirpa levels in oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐stimulated macrophages (P < 0.05), and depletion of miR‐378a reversed Sirpa reduction obviously (P < 0.05). miR‐378a promoted the secretion of TNF‐a and IL‐6 indirectly.ConclusionIt has been demonstrated that miR‐378a regulates SIRPa‐mediated phagocytosis and polarization of macrophages by a direct or indirect way. This research may provide a new path to promote reverse cholesterol transport of macrophages and hinder the progress of atherosclerosis.
Efficacy of different temperate pasture species to reduce nitrogen leaching from cattle urine applied in different seasons: A soil lysimeter study
Authors: Welten Brendon G. , Ledgard Stewart F. , Judge Amanda A. , Sprosen Mike S. , McGowan Alec W. , Dexter Moira M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA soil lysimeter field study assessed the efficacy of different pasture species to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching loss from cow urine deposited in different seasons. A single application of cow urine (15N‐labelled; equivalent to 622 kg N ha−1) was applied in three different seasons (summer, autumn or winter) to three pasture species monocultures (perennial ryegrass, plantain or lucerne) on a free‐draining volcanic soil and monitored over 362 days. Leachate analyses revealed consistently large leaching losses of inorganic‐N from lucerne (>200 kg N ha−1) across different urine application times due to the relatively low plant growth rates during winter (<15 kg DM ha−1 day−1) that led to low total recovery of urine‐N by lucerne plants (<20% of the applied urine‐15N). Conversely, plant uptake of the urine‐N was higher by plantain (ranging from 30% to 45% of that applied) driven by moderately higher winter plant growth rates (30 to 60 kg DM ha−1 day−1). Plantain exhibited large seasonal variation in its efficacy to reduce urine‐N leaching relative to ryegrass (ranging from 15% to 50% reduction for summer or winter urine applications, respectively) with an overall reduction of 39% in the total amount of inorganic‐N leached across the three seasons (53 vs. 87 kg N ha−1 leached relative to ryegrass). This study has demonstrated the potential benefit of using plantain to reduce N leaching losses from urine deposited in the summer to winter grazing period. However, further research is required to quantify the effects of plantain on annual N leaching losses from grazed pastoral systems.
Functional outcome of implant removal following fracture fixation below the level of the knee
Authors: Sanders F. R. K. , Backes M. , Dingemans S. A. , Hoogendoorn J. M. , Schep N. W. L. , Vermeulen J. , Goslings J. C. , Schepers T. 
Published: March 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional outcome in patients undergoing implant removal (IR) after fracture fixation below the level of the knee. Patients and Methods All adult patients (18 to 75 years) undergoing IR after fracture fixation below the level of the knee between November 2014 and September 2016 were included as part of the WIFI (Wound Infections Following Implant Removal Below the Knee) trial, performed in 17 teaching hospitals and two university hospitals in The Netherlands. In this multicentre prospective cohort, the primary outcome was the difference in functional status before and after IR, measured by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), with a minimal clinically important difference of nine points. Results A total of 179 patients were included with a median age of 50 years (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 60), of whom 71 patients (39.7%) were male. With a median score of 60 before IR (IQR 45 to 72) and 66 after IR (IQR 51 to 76) on the LEFS, there was a statistically significant improvement in functional outcome (p < 0 .001). A total of 31 surgical site infections (17.3%) occurred. Conclusion Although IR led to a statistically significant improvement of functional outcome, the minimal clinically important difference was not reached. In conclusion, this study shows that IR does not result in a clinically relevant improvement in functional outcome. These results, in combination with the high complication rate, highlight the importance of carefully reviewing the indication for IR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:447–453.
Does component placement affect short-term clinical outcome in robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Zambianchi F. , Franceschi G. , Rivi E. , Banchelli F. , Marcovigi A. , Nardacchione R. , Ensini A. , Catani F. 
Published: March 2019

Aims The purpose of this multicentre observational study was to investigate the association between intraoperative component positioning and soft-tissue balancing on short-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing robotic-arm assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Patients and Methods Between 2013 and 2016, 363 patients (395 knees) underwent robotic-arm assisted UKAs at two centres. Pre- and postoperatively, patients were administered Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS) and Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12). Results were stratified as “good” and “bad” if KOOS/FJS-12 were more than or equal to 80. Intraoperative, post-implantation robotic data relative to CT-based components placement were collected and classified. Postoperative complications were recorded. Results Following exclusions and losses to follow-up, 334 medial robotic-arm assisted UKAs were assessed at a mean follow-up of 30.0 months (8.0 to 54.9). None of the measured parameters were associated with overall KOOS outcome. Correlations were described between specific KOOS subscales and intraoperative, post-implantation robotic data, and between FJS-12 and femoral component sagittal alignment. Three UKAs were revised, resulting in 99.0% survival at two years (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.9 to 100.0). Conclusion Although little correlation was found between intraoperative robotic data and overall clinical outcome, surgeons should consider information regarding 3D component placement and soft-tissue balancing to improve patient satisfaction. Reproducible and precise placement of components has been confirmed as essential for satisfactory clinical outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:435–442.