bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband and low axial ratio circularly polarized antenna using AMC-based structure polarization rotation reflective surface
Authors: Chen Qiang , Zhang Hou , Yang Lu-Chun , Zhang Xiao-Fei , Zeng Yi-Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates a wideband and low axial ratio circularly polarized (CP) antenna, which is composed of a monopole on a novel polarization rotating reflective surface (PRRS) based on a corner-truncated artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure. By adjusting the dimensions of truncated corner properly, the PRRS has two polarization rotation (PR) frequency points. Then, a large PR band of 18% (5.55–6.65 GHz) can be achieved with two adjacent PR frequency points coming together. The profile of the newly PRRS is only0.04λ0. With corner-truncated AMC-based PRRS loading, a measured impedance bandwidth of 1.8 GHz (5.4–7.2 GHz) and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1 GHz (5.55–6.65 GHz) could be obtained by the monopole antenna and validated by measurements. The values of AR were well below 1 dB at most of the CP region, which show a perfect CP performance. Moreover, the proposed antenna has exhibited a large axial ratio beamwidth in both the xoz- and yoz-planes and a peak gain of 6.1 dBic within the operational bandwidth.
Continuity and Episodicity in the Early Alpine Tectonic Evolution of the Western Carpathians: How Large‐Scale Processes Are Expressed by the Orogenic Architecture and Rock Record Data
Authors: Plašienka Dušan 
Published: June 2018

Key Points

Limited Cenozoic shortening of the Western Carpathians facilitates a comprehensive tectonic model of their pre‐Late Eocene evolution
Western Carpathian orogeny was driven by pull of the Meliata oceanic slab and by the northward drift of Adria
Multiple rock record data provide valuable constraints for evolutionary tectonic models of collisional orogens
GPlates: Building a Virtual Earth Through Deep Time
Authors: Müller R. Dietmar , Cannon John , Qin Xiaodong , Watson Robin J. , Gurnis Michael , Williams Simon , Pfaffelmoser Tobias , Seton Maria , Russell Samuel H. J. , Zahirovic Sabin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGPlates is an open‐source, cross‐platform plate tectonic geographic information system, enabling the interactive manipulation of plate‐tectonic reconstructions and the visualization of geodata through geological time. GPlates allows the building of topological plate models representing the mosaic of evolving plate boundary networks through time, useful for computing plate velocity fields as surface boundary conditions for mantle convection models and for investigating physical and chemical exchanges of material between the surface and the deep Earth along tectonic plate boundaries. The ability of GPlates to visualize subsurface 3‐D scalar fields together with traditional geological surface data enables researchers to analyze their relationships through geological time in a common plate tectonic reference frame. To achieve this, a hierarchical cube map framework is used for rendering reconstructed surface raster data to support the rendering of subsurface 3‐D scalar fields using graphics‐hardware‐accelerated ray‐tracing techniques. GPlates enables the construction of plate deformation zones—regions combining extension, compression, and shearing that accommodate the relative motion between rigid blocks. Users can explore how strain rates, stretching/shortening factors, and crustal thickness evolve through space and time and interactively update the kinematics associated with deformation. Where data sets described by geometries (points, lines, or polygons) fall within deformation regions, the deformation can be applied to these geometries. Together, these tools allow users to build virtual Earth models that quantitatively describe continental assembly, fragmentation and dispersal and are interoperable with many other mapping and modeling tools, enabling applications in tectonics, geodynamics, basin evolution, orogenesis, deep Earth resource exploration, paleobiology, paleoceanography, and paleoclimate.
No Change in the Recent Lunar Impact Flux Required Based on Modeling of Impact Glass Spherule Age Distributions
Authors: Huang Ya‐Huei , Minton David A. , Zellner Nicolle E. B. , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Richardson James E. , Fassett Caleb I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe distributions of 40Ar/39Ar‐derived ages of impact glass spherules in lunar regolith samples show an excess at <500 Ma relative to older ages. It has not been well understood whether this excess of young ages reflects an increase in the recent lunar impact flux or is due to a bias in the samples. We developed a model to simulate the production, transport, destruction, and sampling of lunar glass spherules. A modeled bias is seen when either (1) the simulated sampling depth is 10 cm, consistent with the typical depth from which Apollo soil samples were taken, or (2) when glass occurrence in the ejecta is limited to >10 crater radii from the crater, consistent with terrestrial microtektite observations. We suggest that the observed excess of young ages for lunar impact glasses is likely due to limitations of the regolith sampling strategy of the Apollo program, rather than reflecting a change in the lunar impact rate.
Comparing the Performance of the NEEWS Earthquake Early Warning System Against the CWB System During the 6 February 2018 Mw 6.2 Hualien Earthquake
Authors: Hsu T. Y. , Lin P. Y. , Wang H. H. , Chiang H. W. , Chang Y. W. , Kuo C. H. , Lin C. M. , Wen K. L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taiwan, has developed an Earthquake Early Warning System (NEEWS). The NEEWS predicts peak ground acceleration (PGA) using an on‐site approach, whereas the Central Weather Bureau (CWB), Taiwan, uses a regional approach. Earthquake alerts are issued at the NEEWS stations once PGA reaches a preassigned PGA threshold, regardless of the approach used. An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 and a focal depth of 10.0 km struck Hualien, in eastern Taiwan, on 6 February 2018. It resulted in 17 fatalities and 285 injuries, 4 collapsed buildings, and damage to more than 175 buildings. During the earthquake, the system performance of 28 NEEWS stations was documented. In this study, we compare and discuss the accuracy of the PGA predictions, lead times, and classification performance of both approaches.
Tectonic Control of a Change in Sedimentary Environment at ~10 Ma in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Tao , Han Wenxia , Fang Xiaomin , Miao Yunfa , Zhang Weilin , Song Chunhui , Wang Yadong , Khatri Dhan Bahadur , Zhang Zhigao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTectonic uplift and climate change play a key role in the evolution of sedimentary systems in terrestrial basins. The Qaidam Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is well suited for studying these processes because of its location and its thick, continuous sequence of Cenozoic sediments. Unfortunately, however, there is a lack of continuous, well‐dated sedimentary records from the region. In the present study, we combined grain‐size analyses of sediment cores and outcrop samples with structural analysis of seismostratigraphic data from the western Qaidam Basin. The results reveal dramatic shifts in the depositional environment at ~11.5–10 Ma, coeval with the topographic development of the area. Together with paleoclimatic analysis and a conceptual model, we conclude that tectonic movements, rather than climatic changes, were the dominant forcing factor.
A novel bacterial sulfur oxidation pathway provides a new link between the cycles of organic and inorganic sulfur compounds
Authors: Koch Tobias , Dahl Christiane 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) plays a globally significant role in carbon and sulfur cycling and impacts Earth’s climate because its oxidation products serve as nuclei for cloud formation. While the initial steps of aerobic DMS degradation and the fate of its carbon atoms are reasonably well documented, oxidation of the contained sulfur is largely unexplored. Here, we identified a novel pathway of sulfur compound oxidation in the ubiquitously occurring DMS-degrader Hyphomicrobium denitrificans XT that links the oxidation of the volatile organosulfur compound with that of the inorganic sulfur compound thiosulfate. DMS is first transformed to methanethiol from which sulfide is released and fully oxidized to sulfate. Comparative proteomics indicated thiosulfate as an intermediate of this pathway and pointed at a heterodisulfide reductase (Hdr)-like system acting as a sulfur-oxidizing entity. Indeed, marker exchange mutagenesis of hdr-like genes disrupted the ability of H. denitrificans to metabolize DMS and also prevented formation of sulfate from thiosulfate provided as an additional electron source during chemoorganoheterotrophic growth. Complementation with the hdr-like genes under a constitutive promoter rescued the phenotype on thiosulfate as well as on DMS. The production of sulfate from an organosulfur precursor via the Hdr-like system is previously undocumented and provides a new shunt in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle. Furthermore, our findings fill a long-standing knowledge gap in microbial dissimilatory sulfur metabolism because the Hdr-like pathway is abundant not only in chemoheterotrophs, but also in a wide range of chemo- and photolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizers acting as key players in global sulfur cycling.
Experimental infection of dromedaries with Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus is accompanied by massive ciliary loss and depletion of the cell surface receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4
Authors: Haverkamp Ann-Kathrin , Lehmbecker Annika , Spitzbarth Ingo , Widagdo Widagdo , Haagmans Bart L. , Segalés Joaquim , Vergara-Alert Julia , Bensaid Albert , van den Brand Judith M. A. , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) represents an important respiratory disease accompanied by lethal outcome in one-third of human patients. Recent data indicate that dromedaries represent an important source of infection, although information regarding viral cell tropism and pathogenesis is sparse. In the current study, tissues of eight dromedaries receiving inoculation of MERS-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after recombinant Modified-Vaccinia-Virus-Ankara (MVA-S)-vaccination (n = 4), MVA-vaccination (mock vaccination, n = 2) and PBS application (mock vaccination, n = 2), respectively, were investigated. Tissues were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. MERS-CoV infection in mock-vaccinated dromedaries revealed high numbers of MERS-CoV-nucleocapsid positive cells, T cells, and macrophages within nasal turbinates and trachea at day four post infection. Double immunolabeling demonstrated cytokeratin (CK) 18 expressing epithelial cells to be the prevailing target cell of MERS-CoV, while CK5/6 and CK14 expressing cells did not co-localize with virus. In addition, virus was occasionally detected in macrophages. The acute disease was further accompanied by ciliary loss along with a lack of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), known to mediate virus entry. DPP4 was mainly expressed by human lymphocytes and dromedary monocytes, but overall the expression level was lower in dromedaries. The present study underlines significant species-specific manifestations of MERS and highlights ciliary loss as an important finding in dromedaries. The obtained results promote a better understanding of coronavirus infections, which pose major health challenges.
Molecular phenotyping of laboratory mouse strains using 500 multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry plasma assays
Authors: Michaud Sarah A. , Sinclair Nicholas J. , Pětrošová Helena , Palmer Andrea L. , Pistawka Adam J. , Zhang Suping , Hardie Darryl B. , Mohammed Yassene , Eshghi Azad , Richard Vincent R. , Sickmann Albert , Borchers Christoph H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMouse is the predominant experimental model for the study of human disease due, in part, to phylogenetic relationship, ease of breeding, and the availability of molecular tools for genetic manipulation. Advances in genome-editing methodologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, enable the rapid production of new transgenic mouse strains, necessitating complementary high-throughput and systematic phenotyping technologies. In contrast to traditional protein phenotyping techniques, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry can be highly multiplexed without forgoing specificity or quantitative precision. Here we present MRM assays for the quantitation of 500 proteins and subsequently determine reference concentration values for plasma proteins across five laboratory mouse strains that are typically used in biomedical research, revealing inter-strain and intra-strain phenotypic differences. These 500 MRM assays will have a broad range of research applications including high-throughput phenotypic validation of novel transgenic mice, identification of candidate biomarkers, and general research applications requiring multiplexed and precise protein quantification.
Control of synchronization in models of hydrodynamically coupled motile cilia
Authors: Maestro Armando , Bruot Nicolas , Kotar Jurij , Uchida Nariya , Golestanian Ramin , Cicuta Pietro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn many organisms, multiple motile cilia coordinate their beating to facilitate swimming or driving of surface flows. Simple models are required to gain a quantitative understanding of how such coordination is achieved; there are two scales of phenomena, within and between cilia, and both host complex non-linear and non-thermal effects. We study here a model that is tractable analytically and can be realized by optical trapping colloidal particles: intra-cilia properties are coarse grained into the parameters chosen to drive particles around closed local orbits. Depending on these effective parameters a variety of phase-locked steady states can be achieved. We derive a theory that includes two mechanisms for synchronization: the flexibility of the motion along the predefined orbit and the modulation of the driving force. We show that modest tuning of the cilia beat properties, as could be achieved biologically, results in dramatic changes in the collective motion arising from hydrodynamic coupling.
Evolution and wave-like properties of the average solar supergranule
Authors: Langfellner J. , Birch A. C. , Gizon L. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Solar supergranulation presents us with many mysteries. For example, previous studies in spectral space have found that supergranulation has wave-like properties.
Aims. Here we study, in real space, the wave-like evolution of the average supergranule over a range of spatial scales (from 10 to 80 Mm). We complement this by characterizing the evolution of the associated network magnetic field.
Methods. We used one year of data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory to measure horizontal near-surface flows near the solar equator by applying time-distance helioseismology (TD) on Dopplergrams and granulation tracking (LCT) on intensity images. The average supergranule outflow (or inflow) was constructed by averaging over 10 000 individual outflows (or inflows). The contemporaneous evolution of the magnetic field was studied with HMI line-of-sight observations.
Results. We confirm and extend previous measurements of the supergranular wave dispersion relation to angular wavenumbers in the range 50 < kR⊙ < 270. We find a plateau for kR⊙ > 120. In real space, larger supergranules undergo oscillations with longer periods and lifetimes than smaller cells. We find excellent agreement between TD and LCT and obtain wave properties that are independent of the tracking rate. The observed network magnetic field follows the oscillations of the supergranular flows with a six-hour time lag. This behavior can be explained by computing the motions of corks carried by the supergranular flows.
Conclusions. Signatures of supergranular waves in surface horizontal flows near the solar equator can be observed in real space. These oscillatory flows control the evolution of the network magnetic field, in particular they explain the recently discovered east-west anisotropy of the magnetic field around the average supergranule. Background flow measurements that we obtain from Doppler frequency shifts do not favor shallow models of supergranulation.
DNA Barcoding for the Identification of Phyllanthus Taxa Used Medicinally in Brazil
Authors: Inglis Peter , Mata Lorena , da Silva Marcos , Vieira Roberto , Alves Rosa de B.N. , Silva Dijalma , Azevedo Vânia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPlants of the genus Phyllanthus, principally Phyllanthus amarus, Phyllanthus urinaria, Phyllanthus niruri, and Phyllanthus tenellus, are used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat kidney stones as well as other ailments, where the latter two species are listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopeia as quebra-pedra (stone-breaker). However, only P. niruri has been shown to be effective in a clinical setting. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 – 5.8S rRNA-ITS2), internal transcribed spacer 2, and chloroplasts rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, trnL, and trnL-trnF were screened for their potential as DNA barcodes for the identification of 48 Phyllanthus taxa in Brazilian medicinal plant germplasm banks and in “living pharmacies”. The markers were also tested for their ability to validate four commercial herbal teas labelled as quebra-pedra. Using the criterion of high clade posterior probability in Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, the internal transcribed spacer, internal transcribed spacer 2, and chloroplast matK, psbA-trnH, trnL, and trnL-trnF markers all reliably differentiated the four Phyllanthus species, with the internal transcribed spacer and matK possessing the additional advantage that the genus is well represented for these markers in the Genbank database. However, in the case of rbcL, posterior probability for some clades was low and while P. amarus and P. tenellus formed monophyletic groups, P. niruri and P. urinaria accessions could not be reliably distinguished with this marker. Packaged dried quebra-pedra herb from three Brazilian commercial suppliers comprised P. tenellus, but one sample was also found to be mixed with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). An herb marketed as quebra-pedra from a fourth supplier was found to be composed of a mixture of Desmodium barbatum and P. niruri.
Critical Evaluation of the Fibrin Plate Method for Estimating Fibrinolytic Enzymes and Activators
Authors: Auerswald W , Doleschel W 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Studies of the fibrinolytic effect of spontaneously activated plasmin preparations on normal and heated bovine fibrin plates showed that human plasmin preparations can be obtained, to which heated fibrin possesses a higher sensitivity than native fibrin.2. The results suggest that spontaneously activated human plasmin prepared from an euglobulin fraction is more or less accompanied by an agent which acts as activator for bovine plasminogen contained in native fibrin plates. It seems that this agent is identical to a serum factor which acts physiologically as plasminogen activator and is also responsible for the socalled “spontaneous activation”.3. The findings emphasize the necessity for standardizing testing procedures. Variations in processing the fibrinogen, variations in fibrinogen concentration, and especially in the duration of the heat treatment of the fibrin plates, may cause significant variations in the resulting sensitivity of the method which in turn may be reflected in diverging apparent activities.
Coagulation Studies in a Case of Hageman Trait
Authors: Loeliger E. A , Hensen A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAfter a brief review of the data concerning the cases of Hageman trait hitherto reported in the literature, a patient with severe Hageman factor (HF) “deficiency” (HF-activity below 0.05% of normal) is described. The patient has no haemorrhagic diathesis.In vitro, intrinsic coagulability and fibrinolytic activity are grossly disturbed. On the basis of a diminished fibrinolytic activity in vivo, the rather high activity of several coagulation factors in patient’s plasma could be explained.Thromboplastin formation, once initiated, is normal as to rate; the amount of thromboplastin formed is possibly slightly diminished. Prothrombin consumption is normal. These findings are in agreement with a normal rate ot clot formation, as measured by means of thrombelastography.Normal HF seems to be an initiator of blood coagulation only and not an activator or a substrate involved in thromboplastin formation.The weak anticoagulant property of Hageman trait plasma, described by several authors, is not necessarily due to an inhibitor; it can be explained by the assumption that, in Hageman trait, HF shows normal glass adsorbability and only a very deficient glass activation.
Progressive Antithrombin and Fibrinogen The Antithrombin Time According to Innerfield and its Relation to Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Greep J. M , Loeliger E. A , Roos J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryInnerfield’s method of determining antithrombin III using plasma “defibrinated” by thrombin is submitted to criticsm. This method proves to involve insufficient defibrination: the higher the fibrinogen concentration of the plasma to be tested, the larger the fibrinogen remnant after “defibrination”. The residual fibrinogen interferes in the determinations of antithrombin III, as fibrin (antithrombin I) adsorbes thrombin; an increase in antithrombin III activity is suggested. This becomes manifest in all conditions associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia, including acute pancreatitis.
Antithrombin V: Critical Evaluation of its Assessment and Properties
Authors: Vermylen Carl , Verstraete Marc 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The techniques used for assessment and detection of antithrombin V are discussed in detail.2. The differentiation of antithrombin V from other causes, which may prolong the thrombin time, are presented.3. The criteria were determined, which at the present time are required for the recognition of antithrombin V. Complementary experiments to perform in one case with antithrombin V are suggested.4. The differentiation of the antithrombin from an antifibrinogen, as was proposed by Loeliger and Hers, is critically reviewed. A new base to classify the inhibitors of the fibrinogen conversion mechanism is proposed.
Purified Platelet Cofactor I and Purified Autoprothrombin II in Thromboplastin Generation Test
Authors: Ulutin Orhan N. , Mammen Eberhard F. , Seegers Walter H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPurified bovine platelet cofactor I substituted for adsorbed plasma in the thromboplastin generation test when Ac-globulin was also supplied. Only 70 gamma/ml were needed. Purified bovine autoprothrombin II substituted for serum in the test. Only 9 gamma were equivalent to serum. Platelet cofactor I thus takes the place of the antihemophilic factor and autoprothrombin II substitutes for PTC and Stuart-Prower factor. We regard the autoprothrombin II preparation used as a single component derived from prothrombin.
The Standard Clot
Authors: von Kaulla Kurt N. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method has been developed which allows fibrinolytic materials to be tested under standardized conditions on preformed plasma or fibrin clots. The clot is digested from one unvaried surface only. The progress of the digestion can be read directly as volume of clot digested as often as desired. The method is particularly suitable for serial studies with preformed clots from human plasma.