bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple temperature effects on phenology and body size in wild butterflies predict a complex response to climate change
Authors: Davies W. James 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTemperature‐induced alterations in phenology and body size are the cumulative outcome of sequential effects impacting development and are universal responses to climate change. Most studies have so far focused on phenological responses to warming in multiple taxa across space and time, or the ontogenetic effects of temperature in the laboratory. I here complement this work by investigating shifts in phenology and body size (wing length) attributable to temperature changes operating over the entire lifespan of the univoltine orange‐tip butterfly Anthocharis cardamines in a single wild population over 14 generations. Phenology was affected by temperatures during three discrete periods in the year prior to emergence, corresponding to late larval/early pupal life, the onset of the chilling period required to break pupal diapause, and postdiapause pupal development prior to eclosion. Higher temperatures during late larval/early pupal life and postdiapause pupal development advanced the subsequent emergence of the butterflies, whereas higher temperatures at the onset of the chilling period retarded it. The synchronization of the butterflies' emergence schedule increased when pupae were exposed to milder midwinter temperatures. Wing length increased with warmer temperatures at distinct points in the early and midpupal periods; such direct effects of temperature on body size could complement season length effects in explaining the reversal of the temperature–size rule in univoltine insects. The periods during which temperature affected the phenology of the butterfly only partially overlapped those affecting the first flowering date of its host plants lady's smock (Cardamine pratensis) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). Observed thermal effects on flowering time, emergence timing, and emergence synchronization indicate that phenological convergence as well as phenological mismatching could affect host‐plant availability and diet breadth; thermal effects on body size imply that important population‐level processes could be impacted through correlated changes in fecundity and dispersal rate. In general, the combined effects of phenological and ontogenetic responses to temperature changes across the whole lifespan will likely be important in modeling the demographic responses of interacting species to climate change.
Intraguild predation enhances biodiversity and functioning in complex food webs
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Brose Ulrich , Gravel Dominique 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Intraguild predation (IGP), that is, feeding interaction between two consumers that share the same resource species, is commonly observed in natural food webs. IGP expands vertical niche space and slows down energy flows from lower to higher trophic levels, which potentially affects the diversity and dynamics of food webs. Here, we use food‐web models to investigate the effects of IGP on species diversity and ecosystem functioning. We first simulate a five‐species food‐web module with different strengths of IGP at the herbivore and/or carnivore level. Results show that as the strength of IGP within a trophic level increases, the biomass of its resource level increases because of predation release; this increased biomass in turn alters the energy fluxes and biomass of other trophic levels. These results are then extended by subsequent simulations of more diverse food webs. As the strength of IGP increases, simulated food webs maintain (1) higher species diversity at different trophic levels, (2) higher total biomasses at different trophic levels, and (3) larger energy fluxes across trophic levels. Our results challenge the intuitive hypothesis that food‐web structure should maximize the efficiency of energy transfer across trophic levels; instead, they suggest that the assembly of food webs should be governed by a balance between efficiency (of energy transfer) and persistence (i.e., the maintenance of species and biomasses). Our simulations also show that the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (e.g., total biomass or primary production) is much stronger in the presence of IGP, reconciling the contrast from recent studies based on food‐chain and food‐web models. Our findings shed new light on the functional role of IGP and contribute to resolving the debate on structure, diversity and functioning in complex food webs.
Cardiac contractility modulation improves long‐term survival and hospitalizations in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Borggrefe Martin , Neuser Hans , Ohlow Marc‐Alexander , Röger Susanne , Goette Andreas , Remppis Bjoern A. , Kuck Karl‐Heinz , Najarian Kevin B. , Gutterman David D. , Rousso Benny , Burkhoff Daniel , Hasenfuss Gerd 
Published: January 2019

AimsCardiac contractility modulation (CCM) improves symptoms and exercise tolerance and reduces heart failure (HF) hospitalizations over 6‐month follow‐up in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV symptoms, QRS < 130 ms and 25% ≤ left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 45% (FIX‐HF‐5C study). The current prospective registry study (CCM‐REG) aimed to assess the longer‐term impact of CCM on hospitalizations and mortality in real‐world experience in this same population.Methods and resultsA total of 140 patients with 25% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45% receiving CCM therapy (CCM‐REG25‐45) for clinical indications were included. Cardiovascular and HF hospitalizations, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and NYHA class were assessed over 2 years. Mortality was tracked through 3 years and compared with predictions by the Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM). A separate analysis was performed on patients with 35% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45% (CCM‐REG35‐45) and 25% ≤ LVEF < 35% (CCM‐REG25‐34). Hospitalizations decreased by 75% (from 1.2/patient‐year the year before, to 0.35/patient‐year during the 2 years following CCM, P < 0.0001) in CCM‐REG25‐45 and by a similar amount in CCM‐REG35‐45 (P < 0.0001) and CCM‐REG25‐34. MLHFQ and NYHA class improved in all three cohorts, with progressive improvements over time (P < 0.002). Three‐year survival in CCM‐REG25‐45 (82.8%) and CCM‐REG24‐34 (79.4%) were similar to those predicted by SHFM (76.7%, P = 0.16; 78.0%, P = 0.81, respectively) and was better than predicted in CCM‐REG35‐45 (88.0% vs. 74.7%, P = 0.046).ConclusionIn real‐world experience, CCM produces results similar to those of previous studies in subjects with 25% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45% and QRS < 130 ms; cardiovascular and HF hospitalizations are reduced and MLHFQ and NYHA class are improved. Overall mortality was comparable to that predicted by the SHFM but was lower than predicted in patients with 35% ≤ LVEF ≤ 45%.
Antioxidant Capacity, Phenolic Composition and Physicochemical Characteristics of Whole Olive Stone Oil Extracted from Different Olive Varieties Grown in Iran
Authors: Khadem Samineh , Rashidi Ladan , Homapour Masoud 
Published: January 2019

In this study, the physicochemical properties and bioactive contents of whole olive stone oils (WOSOs) extracted from six olive varieties, including Zard, Roughani, Mari, Shengeh, Koroneiki, and Manzanilla, cultivated in the city of Fasa, Iran, are investigated. Therefore, fatty acids (FAs), sterols, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) contents, equivalent carbon number (ECN), saponification, iodine, and unsaponifiable matter values, and phenolic contents of each WOSO are analyzed. The lowest and highest fat content of six WOS varieties are obtained as 2.41 and 5.41%, respectively. The results from saponification value, iodine value, and unsaponifiable matter tests on different varieties of WOSO are respectively ranged from 192.27 to 192.30 (mg KOH/g fat), from 82.80 to 93.35 (mg I2/g fat) and from 0.03 to 0.32 (%). β‐sitosterol is found as the predominant sterol in the WOSO. TAGs with one FA, triolein (OOO, 19.29–28.12%), followed by TAGs with two FAs, oleic‐oleic‐linoleic (OOL, 17.36–23.93%), and then those with three FAs, palmitic‐linoleic‐oleic (PLO, 8.36–11.73%), are the predominant TAGs in the WOSO. Oleic acid and ferulic acid are respectively found as the predominant FA and phenolic compounds in the WOSO. The influence of the olive variety on physicochemical properties and bioactive contents of the WOSO is observed.Practical Applications: The main outcome of this study shows that the determination of FA, sterol, and TAG compositions of WOSO can be applied for the differentiation of olive variety. In addition, determination of the main parameters of chemical properties and bioactive contents of WOSO can be of importance for its further application in different industries, including the food industry, cosmetics, animal food, etc. Results show that this oil can be used as a natural source of polar phenol compounds for human consumption. Using WOSO for human consumption or the pharmaceutical industry can help to reduce waste disposal problems.The whole olive stone (WOS) is known as an important byproduct generated in the olive oil extraction. Special physicochemical properties of whole olive stone oil (WOSO) are shown that this oil is a rich source of polar phenol and bioactive compounds. Results are shown that fatty acids, sterols, and triacylglycerols composition of WOSO depend on the olive cultivar. WOSO has similar the physicochemical properties and bioactive content as olive oil.
Effect of the Cathode Catalyst Layer Thickness on the Performance in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
Authors: Glass Dean E. , Prakash G. K. Surya 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalyst deposition control is one of the overlooked areas of fuel cell fabrication and research that can affect the overall performance and cost of the fuel cell to manufacture for mass production. The effect of the different individual catalyst layer thicknesses and loadings of the cathode compartment of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was investigated. The drawdown method was performed at thicknesses varying from 1 mil to 8 mils with platinum loadings ranging from 0.25 mg cm−2 to 2.0 mg cm−2. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with thicker individual layers (8 mil and 4 mil) performed better overall compared to the ones prepared with thinner individual layers (1 mil). The power density maxima for the different loading levels followed an exponential decrease of platinum utilization at the higher loading levels. The painted MEAs tended to display the similar performance characteristics as the drawdown MEA layers closest to the thickness at the respective loadings.
Nanomolar Level Acetaminophen Sensor Based on Novel Polypyrrole Hydrogel Derived N‐doped Porous Carbon
Authors: Wang Meiling , Zhong Laijin , Cui Mingzhu , Liu Weifeng , Liu Xuguang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study develops a novel approach to morphology‐controlled N‐doped porous carbons (NPC) derived from supramolecular crosslinked polypyrrole hydrogel (PPy‐gel) with tetra‐functional tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin as dopant and cross‐linker. Both optimized PPy‐gel and NPC realize acetaminophen determination at nanomolar level, displaying record‐low respective detection limits of 3.0 and 1.0 nM (S/N=3). The optimized NPC demonstrates necklace‐like structure with more edge pyridinic N, revealing better electronic conductivity and higher electrochemically active surface area, and consequently higher sensitivity and selectivity. Even in the presence of three interferences (ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid), NPC based electrochemical sensor also shows the ultra‐low detection limit (1.2 nM). The promising application potential of the sensor is proved by the high consistence between measurements in pharmaceutical sample and established acetaminophen standard curve. Moreover, the determination results of acetaminophen in human urine sample obtained by this sensor were in a good agreement with the reference values assayed by HPLC.
Quantification of controlled release leuprolide and triptorelin in rabbit plasma using electromembrane extraction coupled with HPLC–UV
Authors: Hosseiny Davarani Saied Saeed , Pourahadi Ahmad , Ghasemzadeh Peivand 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn electromembrane extraction followed by HPLC–UV technique was developed and validated for quantification of leuprolide and triptorelin in rabbit plasma. The influencing parameters on the extraction efficiency were optimized using experimental design methodology. The optimized conditions were found to be; supported liquid membrane: a mixture of 1‐octanol and 2‐ethyl hexanol (1:1) containing 10% v/v di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate, applied voltage: 5 V, extraction time: 5 min, pH of the donor phase: 4.5 and pH of the acceptor phase: 1.0. The optimized method was validated for linearity, intraday and interday precision, and accuracy in rabbit plasma. The range of quantification for both peptides was 0.5–1000 ng/mL with regression coefficients higher than 0.994. Relative recoveries of leuprolide and triptorelin were found to be 80.3 and 75.5%, respectively. Limits of quantification and detection for both peptides were found to be 0.5 and 0.15 ng/mL, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the 1‐month depot formulations of each peptide after subcutaneous administration to rabbits.
Opportunistic multiple access (OMA) for crowdsensing networks with sparse activation
Authors: Moosavi Seyede Nazanin , Pourahmadi Vahid 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor gathering data in a crowdsensing network, we need to support the connectivity of a massive number of low power devices. In this paper, a new multiple access technique is proposed for such networks with a large number of devices/sensors/users where we have taken advantage of the fact that these devices usually do not become active at the same time, which we refer to as sparse activation property. In this scheme, each device uses a specific spreading code which is changing at symbol level. Symbol‐level change of the spreading code and the random nature of user activation are the two building blocks that provide opportunistic low interference between data transmitted by devices, which are activated in a specific time slot. We also discuss how the proposed scheme can be used in grant free schemes which eliminate the need for heavy signaling before data transmission. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated in different scenarios, and the block error rates are compared with a few other multiple access schemes.
Multivariate morphometrics, quantitative genetics, and neutral theory: Developing a “modern synthesis” for primate evolutionary morphology
Authors: von Cramon‐Taubadel Noreen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnthropologists are increasingly turning to explicit model‐bound evolutionary approaches for understanding the morphological diversification of humans and other primate lineages. Such evolutionary morphological analyses rely on three interconnected conceptual frameworks; multivariate morphometrics for quantifying similarity and differences among taxa, quantitative genetics for modeling the inheritance and evolution of morphology, and neutral theory for assessing the likelihood that taxon diversification is due to stochastic processes such as genetic drift. Importantly, neutral theory provides a framework for testing more parsimonious explanations for observed morphological differences before considering more complex adaptive scenarios. However, the consistency with which these concepts are applied varies considerably, which mirrors some of the theoretical obstacles faced during the “modern synthesis” of classical population genetics in the early 20th century. Here, each framework is reviewed and some potential stumbling blocks to the full conceptual integration of multivariate morphometrics, quantitative genetics, and neutral theory are considered.
Regime switching rough Heston model
Authors: Alfeus Mesias , Overbeck Ludger , Schlögl Erik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis model combines two important stylized features of volatility, the rough behavior consistent with a Hurst parameter less than , and the regime switching property consistent with more long‐term economic considerations. It is nevertheless highly tractable in the sense of semianalytic formulae for European options, and permits a partial Monte Carlo method of similar computational speed as the semianalytic formula (at an appropriate number of Monte Carlo simulations). While option prices are relatively insensitive to the choice of Hurst parameter, introducing rough volatility allows for a better fit to the at‐the‐money skew.
Valuation and applications of compound basket options
Authors: Bae Kwangil 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates compound basket options, which are options on portfolios of options. Although they may be new to financial markets, they are available as equity basket options, equity spread options, stocks of holding companies, and collateralized debt obligations. Using moments of portfolio values, we provide formulas for pricing compound basket options. According to numerical analysis, a lower bound and a weighted average of bounds yield relatively small errors. Additionally, ignoring the compound feature increases the pricing error of equity basket options because the feature captures the capital structure and leverage effect of stock prices.
A fully adjusted two‐stage procedure for rank‐normalization in genetic association studies
Authors: Sofer Tamar , Zheng Xiuwen , Gogarten Stephanie M. , Laurie Cecelia A. , Grinde Kelsey , Shaffer John R. , Shungin Dmitry , O’Connell Jeffrey R. , Durazo‐Arvizo Ramon A. , Raffield Laura , Lange Leslie , Musani Solomon , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Reiner Alexander P. ,   NHLBI Trans‐Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Consortium, Laurie Cathy C. , Rice Kenneth M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen testing genotype–phenotype associations using linear regression, departure of the trait distribution from normality can impact both Type I error rate control and statistical power, with worse consequences for rarer variants. Because genotypes are expected to have small effects (if any) investigators now routinely use a two‐stage method, in which they first regress the trait on covariates, obtain residuals, rank‐normalize them, and then use the rank‐normalized residuals in association analysis with the genotypes. Potential confounding signals are assumed to be removed at the first stage, so in practice, no further adjustment is done in the second stage. Here, we show that this widely used approach can lead to tests with undesirable statistical properties, due to both combination of a mis‐specified mean–variance relationship and remaining covariate associations between the rank‐normalized residuals and genotypes. We demonstrate these properties theoretically, and also in applications to genome‐wide and whole‐genome sequencing association studies. We further propose and evaluate an alternative fully adjusted two‐stage approach that adjusts for covariates both when residuals are obtained and in the subsequent association test. This method can reduce excess Type I errors and improve statistical power.
Pressure‐temperature‐time evolution of ultrahigh‐temperature granulites from the Trivandrum Block, southern India: Implications for long‐lived high‐grade metamorphism
Authors: Kadowaki Hikaru , Tsunogae Toshiaki , He Xiao‐Fang , Santosh M. , Takamura Yusuke , Shaji E. , Tsutsumi Yukiyasu 
Published: January 2019

The Southern Granulite Terrane in India comprises a number of Archean to Neoproterozoic magmatic arcs and supracrustal units that underwent latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian high‐grade metamorphism. Here, we present a new petrological and geochronological data from khondalites in the western part of the Trivandrum Block and discuss pressure‐temperature‐time (P–T–t) path of the block for unravelling the duration and heat source of high‐grade metamorphism. Phase equilibria modelling of the khondalite indicates peak P–T condition of 920°C–1,030°C and 6.0–7.6 kbar, suggesting ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) metamorphism. Prograde and retrograde P–T conditions of ~750°C/~7 kbar and ~750°C/~4 kbar, respectively, were also obtained, based on which a clockwise P–T path with geotherm‐parallel slow cooling is inferred. Zircon and monazite U–Pb geochronology and rare‐earth elements (REE) patterns suggest that heavy rare‐earth elements (HREE)‐depleted zircons grew together with garnet during prograde partial melting at >810°C or during fluid activity at around 582 ± 17 Ma, which was followed by peak UHT metamorphism at 555.1 ± 8.1 Ma as inferred from the dominant monazite ages. Relatively HREE‐enriched zircons (527.3 ± 8.0 Ma) and monazites (501.9 ± 8.5 Ma) were probably formed by garnet breakdown during retrograde metamorphism. The growth of HREE‐enriched zircons at 489 ± 12 Ma might be related to later fluid infiltration and hydration of garnet to form biotite at <770°C/~4 kbar. Our results suggest that high‐grade metamorphism continued at least 90 Myr, from 582 to 489 Ma, suggesting a long‐lived thermal event possibly related to the input of radiogenic heat from the crust and/or magmatic heat from syntectonic to post‐tectonic intrusions.
Radiation dose to the masseter and medial pterygoid muscle in relation to trismus after chemoradiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer
Authors: Kraaijenga Sophie A. , Hamming‐Vrieze Olga , Verheijen Sonja , Lamers Emmy , van der Molen Lisette , Hilgers Frans J. , van den Brekel Michiel W. , Heemsbergen Wilma D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the relationship between trismus (maximum interincisor opening [MIO] ≤35 mm) and the dose to the ipsilateral masseter muscle (iMM) and ipsilateral medial pterygoid muscle (iMPM).MethodsPretreatment and post‐treatment measurement of MIO at 13 weeks revealed 17% of trismus cases in 83 patients treated with chemoradiation and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy. Logistic regression models were fitted with dose parameters of the iMM and iMPM and baseline MIO (bMIO). A risk classification tree was generated to obtain optimal cut‐off values and risk groups.ResultsDose levels of iMM and iMPM were highly correlated due to proximity. Both iMPM and iMM dose parameters were predictive for trismus, especially mean dose and intermediate dose volume parameters. Adding bMIO, significantly improved Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) models. Optimal cutoffs were 58 Gy (mean dose iMPM), 22 Gy (mean dose iMM) and 46 mm (bMIO).ConclusionsBoth iMPM and iMM doses, as well as bMIO, are clinically relevant parameters for trismus prediction.
Voice outcome after unilateral ELS type III or bilateral type II resections for T1‐T2 glottic carcinoma: Results after 1 year
Authors: van Loon Yda , Hendriksma Martine , Heijnen Bas J. , van de Kamp Vivienne A. H. , Hakkesteegt Marieke M. , Böhringer Stefan , Langeveld Ton P. M. , de Jong M. A. , Klop W. Martin C. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Sjögren Elisabeth V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundVoice outcome was assessed in patients with extended T1 and limited T2 glottic carcinoma, treated with a unilateral type III or a bilateral type II resection according to the European Laryngological Society (ELS) classification.MethodsObjective evaluation (acoustic and aerodynamic parameters), perceptual evaluation (GRBAS), and patients' self‐assessment (voice handicap index [VHI]) were performed before and 1 year after treatment. Results were evaluated according to ELS resection type and the involvement of the anterior commissure.ResultsThe majority of voice parameters in all resection subgroups showed an improvement of the mean score 1 year postoperatively. Grade of dysphonia varied between 1.15 and 1.66 postoperatively and VHI score varied from 23.3 to 24.5.ConclusionVoice outcome after ELS unilateral type III or a bilateral type II resection for extended T1 and limited T2 glottic carcinoma is good with mild to very moderate perceptive dysphonia and low self‐reported voice impairment.