bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty of Measurement Absorbed Dose by GAFCHROMIC EBT3 Dosimeter for Clinical Electron and Photon Beams of Medical Accelerators
Authors: Сухих Е. , Sukhikh E. , Сухих Л. , Sukhikh L. , Маликов Е. , Malikov E. , Ижевский П. , Izhevsky P. , Шейно И. , Sheino I. , Вертинский А. , Vertinsky A. , Баулин А. , Baulin A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Investigation of the relative errors of absorbed dose measurement based on polymer films Gafchromic EBT3 for clinical electron and photon beams of medical accelerators.
Material and methods: Polymer Gafchromic EBT3 films were calibrated using different radiation beams, namely photon and electron beams of Elekta Axesse medical accelerator with beam energy equal to 10 MV and 10 MeV, correspondingly, and electron beam of a betatron for intraoperative radiotherapy with beam energy equal to 6 MeV. The film pieces were irradiated by the uniform dose field in the dose range from 0.5 to 40 Gy. The dose value was controlled by cylindrical ionization chamber in the case of Elekta Axesse accelerator and by the Markus parallel chamber in the case of betatron. The irradiated films were scanned using Epson Perfection V750 Pro flatbed scanner in 16 bit RGB color mode with 150 dpi resolution. The red and green channels were used for further analysis. The central part of each film was used for calculation of average values of net optical density and its root-mean-square. As a result, the calibration curves, i.e. dependence on the reference absorbed dose measured by ionization chamber on the net optical density were constructed taking into account uncertainties of dose measurement and optical density measurement.
Results: The relative uncertainty for the dose measurement lies within 7 % for low doses (less than 1 Gy) and within 4 % for higher doses. The green channel is less sensitive to the radiation, but its relative uncertainty values are in general 1–2 % lower than the ones for the red channel. The use of different calibration sources results in different calibration curves with difference up to ±6 % for the green channel.
Conclusion: The polymer Gafchromic EBT3 films could be used for absorbed dose measurement for the doses not less than 0.5 Gy. For lower dose values the dose measurement uncertainty caused by statistical reasons amounts 15 %. For dose values of about 1 Gy and higher the dose measurement uncertainty amounts 5 % that allows to use the films for transverse and longitudinal prescription treatment dose distribution measurement with very high spatial resolution.
Staying together: mothers and babies in prison
Authors: Mulligan Carly 
Published: July 2019

Background Many women in prison are mothers and an increasing number are pregnant. These women face the harsh reality of potentially being separated from their babies or children, which can have detrimental effects on both the mother and the child. Aims To review the literature surrounding the impact of mothers and children staying together in a prison environment. Method The review focused on papers from the past 9 years and included mothers whose children resided with them in prison, and mothers who had been separated from their babies after giving birth in prison. Three articles were identified: two qualitative studies based on interviews with imprisoned mothers, and one quantitative study into re-offending rates of women who had been released from a prison nursery programme. Findings Keeping their babies and mother together in a prison environment resulted in a positive outcome, particularly for the mothers. However, when thinking about the welfare of the child, there need to be sufficient opportunities to allow for their physical, social and emotional development. The common themes that emerged during this literature review were: low re-offending rates, motherhood producing motivation for change, and the effect of staying together on maternal and child wellbeing. Conclusions This review highlighted the need for further studies, especially focusing on prisons in the UK.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats
Authors: RIFQIYATI NAJDA , WAHYUNI ANA 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Rifqiyati N, Wahyuni A. 2019. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) leaf infusion effect on mammary gland activity and kidney function of lactating rats. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 101-105. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) leaf, traditionally, is believed to have a potential in increasing and smoothing breast milk production. This study aimed to determine the effect of fennel leaf infusion on milk production and to know the side effects of its use. The material used in the research was infusion of fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) collected from Kopeng, Central Java. The research utilized 12 female rats each with 5 newborns off springs. The experiment was designed in Completed Random Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. Histological preparation of mammary glands was set using paraffin method with HE staining. Kidney function was observed through uric acid level in the blood. The results showed that the diameter of lactiferous ducts and of its lumen diameter were significantly influenced by 15 days fennel leaf infusion treatment. The largest lactiferous duct diameter observed was on P3 treatment group (452.97 ± 75.033 µm) and the smallest was observed in control groups (273.17 ± 38.746 µm). The numbers of active alveoli observed in treatment groups, i.e., in P1 (20 g/300 mL), P2 (40 g/300 mL), and P3 (60 g/300 mL), increased than inactive alveoli. The blood uric acid level observed was 4.0-4.6 mg/dl. The results suggested that the infusion of fennel leaf with a treatment dose of 60 g infusion in 300 mL distilled water administered for 15 days can significantly increase the diameter of lactiferous lumen of female rat mammary glands, and increase the diameter of the alveoli and the number of active alveolar mammary glands. Histological picture of mammary gland also showed that the female rats treated with dose of 60g infusion per 300 mL aquadest increased milk secretion and than the other treatment groups. The treatment also showed no significant side effects.
GÖRSEL DİL ve DÜNYA İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNDEN MODERNİZMİN ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: TORUN Hale 
Published: July 2019

Modern insan hakkında konuşmak ve onu etkileyen dünyayı incelemek için yapılan çalışmalar günümüzde önem kazanmıştır. Kültürel çalışmaların ve kültürel antropolojinin modelleri ile birlikte kitle iletişim üzerinden yeniden değişime uğrayan insan aklı okunmaya başlanmıştır. Yeni Çağ’ın dili, görsel iletişim ve görsel dünya arasında gelişmektedir. Modernizm ise sürekli değişime uyum sağlamanın başka bir modelidir. Modern insanın simgeleri, düşünce yapısı zaman içerisinde sürekli değişmiştir. Bu, yüzlerce yıllık bir sosyal evrimin sonucudur. Binlerce yıllık kaya üzerlerine yapılmış resimler, figürler, arketipsel motifler ve kolektif bilinç dışını oluşturan simgeler insanın duygu ve alımlama dünyasını tarih içerisinde biçimlendirmiştir. Modern dünya insanı ise geç kapitalist döneme girdiğinde hümanizmanın yerine elektronik sarmalın içine girmiştir. Eleştirel bakışın bu konudaki yaklaşımı ise temel ve basit olanın yeniden anlaşılması üzerineydi. Modernizmin ve eleştirel düşüncenin arasındaki gerilimin görsel dilin işaretleriyle çözümlenişi bu çalışmanın omurgasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın evreni, ilkel dünyaya ait göstergelerin yeni dünyanın görsel figürleriyle ilişkisini sorgulamak olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışmada kitle iletişim dünyasının Yeni Çağ toplumunun gelişimini nasıl etkilediği sorusuna da cevap aranmıştır. İki ayrı bakış açısından hem modernizm hem de eleştirel teori üzerinden karşılaştırma da yapılmıştır. Açıklayıcı örnekler ise bu çalışmayı sanat ve sinema üzerinden sunmuştur. Sinemasal örneklerde de yorum, bilim ve Ludwig Wittgenstein’ın dil – dünya ilişkisi üzerinden çözümleme yapılmıştır.
Kamienne dziedzictwo wczesnopiastowskiej architektury
Authors: Skoczylas Janusz 
Published: July 2019

In the article I draw attention to the lack of consistency in descriptions of the rock material used to build the first structures in the early Piast state. The role and importance of the types of stone material used at that time are unappreciated, if not downright ignored. I emphasize the fact that the main material used in early-medieval building construction were glacial erratics, sometimes representing up to 98% of the entire building material. Other rocks used in constructing buildings included travertine, sod iron ore, limestone and gypsum. However, I have devoted a lot of attention to the Miocene quartzite sandstone excavated in the early stages of Polish statehood from a quarry in Brzeźno near Konin. In the summary, I suggest possible time scales for the use of part of the rock material.
Non-orientable three-submanifolds ofG2-manifolds
Authors: Bagaglini Leonardo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy analogy with associative and co-associative cases, we study a class of three-dimensional non-orientable submanifolds of manifolds with aG2-structure, modelled on planes lying in aspecialG2-orbit. An application of the Cartan–Kähler theory shows that some three-manifolds can be presented in this way. We also classify all the homogeneous ones in ℝℙ7.
The Discrete-Dual Minimal-Residual Method (DDMRes) for Weak Advection-Reaction Problems in Banach Spaces
Authors: Muga Ignacio , Tyler Matthew J. W. , van der Zee Kristoffer G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We propose and analyze a minimal-residual method in discrete dual norms for approximating the solution of the advection-reaction equation in a weak Banach-space setting.
The weak formulation allows for the direct approximation of solutions in the Lebesgue

L
p

{L^{p}}

-space,

1
<
p
<
∞

{1<p<\infty}

.
The greater generality of this weak setting is natural when dealing with rough data and highly irregular solutions, and when enhanced qualitative features of the approximations are needed.
We first present a rigorous analysis of the well-posedness of the underlying continuous weak formulation, under natural assumptions on the advection-reaction coefficients.
The main contribution is the study of several discrete subspace pairs guaranteeing the discrete stability of the method and quasi-optimality in

L
p

{L^{p}}

, and providing numerical illustrations of these findings, including the elimination of Gibbs phenomena, computation of optimal test spaces, and application to 2-D advection.
Comparative Analysis of Symmetrical/Asymmetrical Quasi Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition Technique
Authors: Raghavendra Rajan V. , Premalatha L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis between Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Quasi Z-Source Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (QZS-CMI). The comparative analysis investigates for boost operation in both Symmetrical and Asymmetrical System. Analysis is done based on the achieved input current, capacitor voltage of the upper capacitor and parallel capacitor and the two inductors current of DC link (Quasi Z-Source network) which is combined with H-bridge. In Asymmetrical QZS-CMI, the input voltage for three DC sources are given in the ratio of 1:3:9, i. e. the system is designed for 27 level. Asymmetrical QZS-CMI is new system and proposed in this paper for comparative analysis with Symmetrical QZS-CMI. An advanced optimal Alternative Phase Opposition Disposition (APOD) technique is developed and implemented. Symmetrical system has high boosting capability of output voltage, reducing the switching losses, high voltage gain and lower spikes in switching voltage. The comparative study is done and results are verified with Experimental 250 W prototype model and also verified by using MATLAB/ Simulink.
Grupos pretéritos na paisagem do sítio Ilha Santo Antônio: Percepção a partir dos vestígios arqueobotânicos
Authors: Oliveira Emanuella da Costa , Santi Juliana Rossato 
Published: July 2019

Os estudos arqueobotânicos na Amazônia têm demonstrado resultados interessantes no que diz respeito à relação do ser humano e a paisagem. Nesse sentido, apresentaremos aqui alguns resultados relacionados a percepções sobre modificações na paisagem pretérita causados pelas populações que habitaram o sítio arqueológico Ilha de Santo Antônio no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia. Este sítio situado em uma ilha na cachoeira homônima inserida na região do alto rio Madeira, RO com datação holocênica de 7.740 ± 50 AP e mais recente relacionada aos povos da Tradição Policroma da Amazônia datados em 990 ± 40 AP. Analisou-se o vestígio arqueológico botânico, em específico as sementes, advindo de três setores escavados do sítio.

Absctract: The archaeobotanical studies in the Amazônia have shown interesting results regarding the relation of the human being and the landscape. In this sense, we will present here some results related to perceptions about modifications in the past landscape caused by the populations that inhabited the archaeological site of Santo Antônio island in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondônia. This site, as the name says, is situated on an island in the same waterfall in the region of upper Madeira, RO with a pleistocene dating of 7,740 ± 50 AP and more recent related to the people of the polychrome tradition of the Amazon dating to 990 ± 40 AP. The botanical archaeological vestige was analyzed, specifically the seeds, coming from three sectors excavated from the site. The data points to a different landscape in times past compared to the current scenario in which the site was located.
Apresentação Dossiê: Comunidades Quilombolas, Ciganas e Indígenas na América Latina: racismos institucional e epistemológico
Authors: Santamarina Cláudia Valéria Fonseca da Costa , Araújo Marta , Sacramento Mônica 
Published: July 2019

O Dossiê é resultado de um simpósio organizado no 56º Congresso de Americanistas, na Universidad de Salamanca, na Espanha, em 2018. O chamado à reflexão sobre a dialética entre a universalidade e os particularismos na produção do conhecimento, lema do congresso, oportunizou a realização do Simpósio Comunidades Quilombolas, Ciganas e Indígenas na América Latina: racismos institucional e epistemológico, que abordou o racismo como mecanismo social e politicamente construído e sustentado pelas instituições e epistemologia dominantes. Produzindo uma divisão abissal entre brancos e não-brancos, baseada na invenção da superioridade branca, o racismo se manifesta em normas, práticas sociais e comportamentos discriminatórios e excludentes. É reforçado cotidianamente na segregação e exclusão de populações racializadas em relação ao acesso e fruição de bens e privilégios gerados pelo Estado e por instituições privadas, tais como a educação, saúde, assistência social, habitação, segurança e justiça. O racismo é igualmente sustentado por uma dimensão epistemológica: nos espaços onde o conhecimento é produzido ou dele dependem decisões organizativas, legais ou políticas, o racismo tem mostrado sua radicalidade, expressando-se na recusa em reconhecer como válidos os conhecimentos produzidos por populações racializadas – por exemplo, negros/negras, ciganos/ciganas, indígenas –, negando a legitimidade de repertórios e cânones não-ocidentais, designadamente às concepções dominantes de racismo. A qualidade dos trabalhos apresentados por ocasião do simpósio e a potência das discussões provocadas nos levou à ideia, acolhida valorosamente pelos Cadernos do LEPAARQ, de produzir esse dossiê com o desejo de ampliar a visibilidade dos trabalhos que analisam as tensões provocadas pelo racismo nas relações sociais e políticas e os dispositivos de violência e violações de variadas naturezas – física, psicológica, social, explícita ou simbólica, insidiosa ou bélica–, e provocar novas reflexões sobre as estratégias utilizadas pelas comunidades dissidentes para defenderem sua sobrevivência e enfrentarem a sustentação, reedição ou reificação cotidianas de imaginários racistas e práticas discriminatórias observados em todas as esferas do tecido social.
INDIVIDUAL AND MATERNAL ASPECTS OF ATHLETE CRIOULO HORSES
Authors: Santos Fernanda Carlini Cunha dos , Curcio Bruna Da Rosa , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne 
Published: July 2019

Freio de Ouro is a competition exclusively for Crioulo horses, officially promoted for over 30 years. Performance of equine athletes are correlated to maternal characteristics. This study aimed to describe individual and maternal aspects of athlete Crioulo horses that have won the Freio de Ouro competition. A retrospective study was performed with the data collected in the genealogical service of ABCCC, between the years 1982 and 2012. Data analyzed were the animals’ age at winning, maternal age at first parturition, maternal age at the winner’s parturition, and parturition order. Descriptive statistics were performed with a computer program. Mean age of winners was 7.1+0.17 years, 95.4% of the animals won between 4 and 11 years old and 3.2% after 12 years old. Mean maternal age at first parturition was 6+0.19, 53.6% of the females delivered before 5 years and, consequently, 46.4% at 6 years or over. Mean maternal age at parturition of the winners was 9.2+0.37 years. In the range between 5 and 8 years, 50.3% of the champions were born. Approximately 5.9% of mares delivered champions when 4 years or younger, whereas 15.6% delivered at over 15 years. Around 28% of the champions were born from primiparous mares, 53.7% from 2nd–5th birth, and 18.3% were from their dams’ 6th–12th delivery. The present study provides retrospective information regarding individual and maternal aspects of athlete Crioulo horses that have won the Freio de Ouro over the last 30 years.
Genomic Prediction of Additive and Non-additive Effects Using Genetic Markers and Pedigrees
Authors: de Almeida Filho Janeo Eustáquio , Guimarães João Filipi Rodrigues , Fonsceca e Silva Fabyano , Vilela de Resende Marcos Deon , Muñoz Patricio , Kirst Matias , de Resende Júnior Marcio Fernando Ribeiro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The genetic merit of individuals can be estimated using models with dense markers and pedigree information. Early genomic models accounted only for additive effects. However, the prediction of non-additive effects is important for different forest breeding systems where the whole genotypic value can be captured through clonal propagation. In this study, we evaluated the integration of marker data with pedigree information, in models that included or ignored non-additive effects. We tested the models Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) and BayesA, with additive and additive-dominance frameworks. Model performance was assessed for the traits tree height, diameter at breast height and rust resistance, measured in 923 pine individuals from a structured population of 71 full-sib families. We have also simulated a population with similar genetic properties and evaluated the performance of models for six simulated traits with distinct genetic architectures. Different cross validation strategies were evaluated, and highest accuracies were achieved using within family cross validation. The inclusion of pedigree information in genomic prediction models did not yield higher accuracies. The different RKHS models resulted in similar predictions accuracies, and RKHS and BayesA generated substantially better predictions than pedigree-only models. The additive-BayesA resulted in higher accuracies than RKHS for rust incidence and in simulated additive-oligogenic traits. For DBH, HT and additive-dominance polygenic traits, the RKHS- based models showed slightly higher accuracies than BayesA. Our results indicate that BayesA performs the best for traits with few genes with major effects, while RKHS based models can best predict genotypic effects for clonal selection of complex traits.
Establecimiento participativo del Refugio de Vida Silvestre Maquenque
Authors: Chassot Olivier , Monge Guiselle , Méndez Julián L. 
Published: July 2019

En 1992 se elaboró la primera propuesta técnica de establecimiento del Parque Nacional Maquenque, en la zona fronteriza de Costa Rica con Nicaragua. Diez años después, el Ministerio del Ambiente y Energía resolvió apoyar al Comité Ejecutivo del Corredor Biológico San Juan-La Selva con una meta de conservación más integral para la conducción del establecimiento del Parque Nacional Maquenque. Gracias a un aporte financiero fundamental del Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund y Conservación Internacional fue posible realizar varios estudios técnicos e investigaciones científicas, entre los que el de tenencia de la tierra y el del estado ambiental base de la región fueron el principal insumo para elaborar el plan de manejo del área del parque propuesto. En conjunto con los pobladores de la zona de amortiguamiento, se acordó abandonar la propuesta de creación de parque nacional y, en su defecto, solicitar la creación de un área silvestre protegida, con categoría de “refugio nacional de vida silvestre mixto”. En concordancia con todo el proceso, en 2005 se creó el Refugio Nacional de Vida Silvestre Mixto Maquenque. De esta manera ordenada, y con clara determinación, Costa Rica reafirma su compromiso con la biodiversidad y con el establecimiento de un enlace crítico de conservación, entre el Sureste de Nicaragua y la Cordillera Volcánica Central de Costa Rica, con una incidencia directa en el patrimonio natural de ambos países y del istmo mesoamericano.
ELECTRONIC LETTER IN THE ASPECT OF TEXT CATEGORIES
Authors: Kuvarova Оlena 
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of implementation of such textual categories as completeness, connectivity, dialogization in electronic letter. Object of study is electronic correspondence and the subject is the style, structure, syntax of letters. Material of the research includes published letters of the Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor R. G. Barantsev to colleagues and friends, as well as their response letters. Descriptive method, methods of contextual and communicative-pragmatical analysis are used in the research. Practical application of the research is possible while teaching the syntax and stylistics of Russian language. Conclusion: speech implementation of a number of textual categories in electronic letters has its own characteristics. Such boundary demarcators of the epistolary text as address, signature, etiquette formulas of greeting and farewell are reducing (in whole or in part) if the exchange of messages is frequent, thereby the formal completeness of the text is weakening. The dialogization in electronic correspondence is formed not only by the linguistic means typical for written messages (address, signature, pronouns and verb forms of the 2nd person), but also in other ways, such as direct quotation instead of transmitting someone else's speech as direct or indirect speech, language game as a stylistic device that forms a certain tone of communication. The widespread use of incomplete and one-compound sentences, pronouns that are not related to the antecedent, increases the importance of common apperception base of the participants in communication for understanding the text and continuing the epistolary dialogue. Specifying the subject of speech by pronouns with the absence of its introductory nomination in a letter, sending to previous texts of the correspondence by pronouns and particles, stylistic unity within the chain of letters exchanged between two correspondents are the means that enhance the coherence of the text, extend it beyond a separate letter and transform the exchange of monologue texts into a continuous epistolary discourse.