bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate determination of energy requirements in hospitalised patients with parenteral nutrition
Authors: Quiroz‐Olguín G. , Medina‐Vera I. , Serralde‐Zúñiga A. E. , Gulias‐Herrero A. , Sánchez‐Rosales A. I. , Guevara‐Cruz M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prescription of parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospitalised patients requires an estimation of the energy requirements. Most studies employing prediction equations (PEs) to estimate energy requirements have focused on critically ill patients. The present study aimed to evaluate several PEs of the resting energy expenditure (REE) to identify the most accurate equation for estimating the REE required for PN.MethodsThis cross‐sectional and descriptive study included patients hospitalised with medical or surgical diagnoses, making them candidates for PN. Epidemiological data, the reason for hospital admission, nutritional screening results, characteristics of the PN administered and REE by indirect calorimetry (IC) were recorded and, subsequently, PEs were calculated.ResultsIn total, 116 patients were recruited with a mean (SD) age of 56.7 (13.8) years and body mass index of 21.3 (4.25) kg m−2. The diagnosis was medical in 52% of patients and surgical in 48%. The mean (SD) REEs of patients, according to IC, were: 6.11 (1.18) MJ [1461 (281) kcal]; and according to PEs: Mifflin, 5.07 (1.05) MJ [1212 (252) kcal]; Owen, 5.43 (0.72) MJ [1298 (172) kcal]; Harris–Benedict, 5.38 (0.85) MJ [1285 (204) kcal]; Ireton‐Jones, 6.20 (1.69) MJ [1481 (403) kcal]; and short equation, 6.12 (0.92) MJ [1464 (220) kcal]. A comparison of the results obtained for the REE by IC and with PEs indicated that the short equation had less bias than the other equations, with an accuracy of 54%ConclusionsIn hospitalised patients who receive PN, determination of the REE should ideally be made by IC. PEs are acceptable but not exact and so their estimation could overfeed or underfeed the patient.
FYCO1 mediates clearance of α‐synuclein aggregates through a Rab7‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Saridaki Theodora , Nippold Markus , Dinter Elisabeth , Roos Andreas , Diederichs Leonie , Fensky Luisa , Schulz Jörg B. , Falkenburger Björn H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease can be caused by mutations in the α‐synuclein gene and is characterized by aggregates of α‐synuclein protein. We have previously shown that over‐expression of the small GTPase Rab7 can induce clearance of α‐synuclein aggregates. In this study, we investigate which Rab7 effectors mediate this effect. To model Parkinson's disease, we expressed the pathogenic A53T mutant of α‐synuclein in HEK293T cells and Drosophila melanogaster. We tested the Rab7 effectors FYVE and coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 1 (FYCO1) and Rab‐interacting lysosomal protein (RILP). FYCO1‐EGFP‐decorated vesicles containing α‐synuclein. RILP‐EGFP also decorated vesicular structures, but they did not contain α‐synuclein. FYCO1 over‐expression reduced the number of cells with α‐synuclein aggregates, defined as visible particles of EGFP‐tagged α‐synuclein, whereas RILP did not. FYCO1 but not RILP reduced the amount of α‐synuclein protein as assayed by western blot, increased the disappearance of α‐synuclein aggregates in time‐lapse microscopy and decreased α‐synuclein‐induced toxicity assayed by the Trypan blue assay. siRNA‐mediated knockdown of FYCO1 but not RILP reduced Rab7‐induced aggregate clearance. Collectively, these findings indicate that FYCO1 and not RILP mediates Rab7‐induced aggregate clearance. The effect of FYCO1 on aggregate clearance was blocked by dominant negative Rab7 indicating that FYCO1 requires active Rab7 to function. Electron microscopic analysis and insertion of lysosomal membranes into the plasma membrane indicate that FYCO1 could lead to secretion of α‐synuclein aggregates. Extracellular α‐synuclein as assayed by ELISA was, however, not increased with FYCO1. Coexpression of FYCO1 in the fly model decreased α‐synuclein aggregates as shown by the filter trap assay and rescued the locomotor deficit resulting from neuronal A53T‐α‐synuclein expression. This latter finding confirms that a pathway involving Rab7 and FYCO1 stimulates degradation of α‐synuclein and could be beneficial in patients with Parkinson's disease.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Data* because it made the data publicly available. The data can be accessed at https://osf.io/93n6m. The article has received the badge for *Open Material* as well, because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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MrpC, a CRP/Fnr homolog, functions as a negative autoregulator during the Myxococcus xanthus multicellular developmental program
Authors: McLaughlin Maeve , Bhardwaj Vidhi , Feeley Brooke E. , Higgs Penelope I. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMrpC, a member of the CRP/Fnr superfamily of transcriptional regulators, plays a key role in coordination of the multicellular developmental program in Myxococcus xanthus. Previous reports suggest MrpC is subject to complex regulation including activation by an unusual LonD‐dependent proteolytic processing event that removes its unique N‐terminal peptide, producing the isoform MrpC2. MrpC2 is proposed to positively autoregulate and regulate transcription of hundreds of genes necessary for both the aggregation and sporulation phases of the developmental program. We demonstrate here that mrpC expression bifurcates corresponding to different cell populations within the developmental program. During our analysis of regulatory events controlling this process, we demonstrate that MrpC2 is not an active isoform; rather, the N‐terminal peptide is instead essential for MrpC function in vivo. We also demonstrate that MrpC is instead a negative autoregulator and represses its own expression by specifically competing with its enhancer binding protein, MrpB. These results provide an additional rare example of CRP/EBP coordinated regulation, and significantly revise the model for control of the central developmental transcriptional activator of the M. xanthus developmental program.
Individualized immunoglobulin treatment in pediatric patients with primary humoral immunodeficiency disease
Authors: Patel Niraj C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrimary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDD) are a group of genetic conditions that are generally considered to be under‐diagnosed, and gaps may exist in the knowledge of treatment options. This review focuses on the diagnosis of pediatric patients with primary antibody deficiency and considerations for treatment with immunoglobulin (IgG) to optimize multiple dosing variables and minimize adverse events. The possibility of individualizing IgG therapy in clinical practice represents, in this field, the next pivotal step with the goal of improving the quality of life of pediatric patients with PIDD.
An IL‐10 dominant polarization of monocytes is a feature of Indian Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: Roy S. , Mukhopadhyay D. , Mukherjee S. , Moulik S. , Chatterji S. , Brahme N. , Pramanik N. , Goswami R. P. , Saha B. , Chatterjee M. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryLeishmania donovani, the causative parasite of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), deviously manipulates host monocytes/macrophages to ensure its survival. Although monocytes/macrophages from patients with VL have demonstrated an impaired oxidative burst and antigen presentation, an unanswered yet pertinent question remains as to whether they are deactivated or alternatively activated. The significantly raised plasma levels of IL‐4/IL‐13 and IL‐10 in VL patients suggested a microenvironment conducive for alternative activation of monocytes/macrophages. Accordingly, the classical markers for IL‐4‐driven monocytes/macrophages [M(IL‐4)] were studied namely intramonocytic CD206+, circulating CCL22 and CCL17, and were unchanged. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR)‐γ and arginase‐I (ARG‐I) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was unaltered. However, markers for IL‐10‐driven monocytes/macrophages [M(IL‐10)], namely soluble CD163, intramonocytic IL‐10, and circulating CXCL13 were significantly increased. Monocytes/macrophages of patients with VL demonstrated an increased expression of markers for M(IL‐10), along with the absence of markers for M(IL‐4). Taken together, in human VL, manipulation of these IL‐10 polarized monocytes‐macrophages may pave the way for improved therapeutic outcomes.
Reductions in national cardiometabolic mortality achievable by food price changes according to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility and participation
Authors: Wilde Parke Edward , Conrad Zach , Rehm Colin D , Pomeranz Jennifer L , Penalvo Jose L , Cudhea Frederick , Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan , O’Flaherty Martin , Micha Renata , Mozaffarian Dariush 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundSuboptimal diets are a major contributor to cardiometabolic disease (CMD) mortality, and substantial disparities exist for both dietary quality and mortality risk across income groups in the USA. Research is needed to quantify how food pricing policies to subsidise healthy foods and tax unhealthy foods could affect the US CMD mortality, overall and by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility and participation.MethodsComparative risk analysis based on national data on diet (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2012) and mortality (mortality-linked National Health Interview Survey) and meta-analyses of policy-diet and diet-disease relationships.ResultsA national 10% price reduction on fruits, vegetables, nuts and whole grains was estimated to prevent 19 600 CMD deaths/year, including 2.6% (95% UI 2.4% to 2.8%) of all CMD deaths among SNAP participants, 2.7% (95% UI 2.4% to 3.0%) among SNAP-eligible non-participants and 2.6% (95% UI 2.4% to 2.8%) among SNAP-ineligible non-participants. Adding a national 10% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and processed meats would prevent a total of 33 700 CMD deaths/year, including 5.9% (95% UI 5.4% to 7.4%) of all CMD deaths among SNAP participants, 4.8% (95% UI 4.4% to 5.2%) among SNAP-eligible non-participants and 4.1% (95% UI 3.8% to 4.5%) among SNAP-ineligible non-participants. Adding a SNAP-targeted 30% subsidy for the same healthy foods would offer the largest reductions in both CMD mortality and disparities.ConclusionNational subsidies for healthy foods and taxes on SSBs and processed meats would each reduce CMD mortality; taxes would also reduce CMD mortality more steeply for SNAP participants than for non-participants.
Natural experiment examining the longitudinal association between change in residential segregation and youth cardiovascular health across race/ethnicity and gender in the USA
Authors: D’Agostino Emily M , Patel Hersila H , Ahmed Zafar , Hansen Eric , Mathew M Sunil , Nardi Maria I , Messiah Sarah E 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIdentifying how racial/ethnic residential segregation and mobility may impact health can guide innovative strategies for reducing youth disparities.MethodsThis natural experiment examined the association between change in residential segregation and cardiovascular health outcomes across race/ethnicity and gender for youth (n=2250, mean age 9.1 years, 54% male; 51% Hispanic, 49% non-Hispanic black (NHB); 49% high area poverty) attending a multisite park-based afterschool fitness programme in Florida, USA. Two-level generalised linear mixed models with random intercepts for park effects were fit to test the change in segregation–cardiovascular health association over two school years.ResultsAfter covariate adjustment (individual-level gender, race/ethnicity, age, time and park-area poverty), greater improvements in cardiovascular health including body mass index percentile, sum of skinfold thicknesses, systolic/diastolic blood pressure percentiles and 400 m run time were found for youth who attended the program in a less segregated area compared with their home area (p<0.05 for all outcomes). NHB girls showed the greatest cardiovascular health improvements. Specifically, compared with the reference group (no change in segregation), skinfold thicknesses and systolic blood pressure percentiles decreased 17% (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 95% CI 0.81 to 0.86) and 16% (IRR 95% CI 0.82 to 0.87), respectively, versus 1% increase for both outcomes (IRR 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05) and (IRR 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05), respectively, for movement to less versus more segregated areas.ConclusionIn light of a continually expanding youth obesity epidemic, the global effort to reduce health inequities may be supported through Parks and Recreation Departments given potential to expand geographic mobility for low resource subgroups.
Visceral adipose tissue tracks more closely with metabolic dysfunction than intrahepatic triglyceride in lean Asians without diabetes
Authors: Ding Cherlyn , Chan Zhiling , Chooi Yu Chung , Choo John , Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Michael Navin , Velan S. Sendhil , Leow Melvin K. S. , Magkos Faidon 
Published: May 2018

Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) are important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes in subjects with obesity. The relative contribution of these ectopic fat depots to cardiometabolic risk differs between populations, depends on the degree of obesity and the level of cardiorespiratory fitness, and is difficult to dissect because VAT and IHTG typically covary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an isolated increase in VAT or IHTG on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in apparently healthy normal-weight Asian subjects. Total body fat (dual X-ray absorptiometry), VAT and IHTG (magnetic resonance), insulin sensitivity (4-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), beta cell responsivity and insulin secretion rate (3-h mixed meal with mathematical modeling), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [V̇o2max]) were evaluated in groups of lean subjects with low or high VAT (687 ± 94 vs. 1,279 ± 197 ml, matched for IHTG; n = 13 each) and low or high IHTG (1.7 ± 0.3 vs. 6.7 ± 2.0%, matched for VAT; n = 15 each). All groups were matched for age, sex, total body fat, and V̇o2max. High-VAT subjects had ~25% lower insulin sensitivity, ~20%–40% greater beta cell responsivity and insulin secretion rate, ~35% greater fasting triglyceride concentration, and ~40% lower adiponectin concentration than low-VAT subjects (all P < 0.05). No differences were observed between low-IHTG and high-IHTG subjects. Accumulation of excess fat in the intra-abdominal area is more strongly associated with metabolic dysfunction than accumulation of liver fat in lean Asians without diabetes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is not known whether metabolic abnormalities in Asians without obesity track more closely with visceral or liver fat. We found an isolated increase in visceral fat was associated with reduced insulin sensitivity, greater insulin secretion, greater triglyceride, and lower adiponectin concentrations; no differences were observed with an isolated increase in liver fat. These results suggest that visceral fat is a better correlate of metabolic dysfunction than liver fat in Asians without obesity.
Cell therapy for severe burn wound healing
Authors: Li Zhe , Maitz Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCell therapy has emerged as an important component of life-saving procedures in treating burns. Over past decades, advances in stem cells and regenerative medicine have offered exciting opportunities of developing cell-based alternatives and demonstrated the potential and feasibility of various stem cells for burn wound healing. However, there are still scientific and technical issues that should be resolved to facilitate the full potential of the cellular devices. More evidence from large, randomly controlled trials is also needed to understand the clinical impact of cell therapy in burns. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of the research development and clinical applications of cell therapies in burn wound healing and skin regeneration.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Perioperative Cardiovascular and Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Procedures
Authors: Lee Sandra , Reddington Elise , Koutsogiannaki Sophia , Hernandez Michael R. , Odegard Kirsten C. , DiNardo James A. , Yuki Koichi 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND:
While mortality and adverse perioperative events after noncardiac surgery in children with a broad range of congenital cardiac lesions have been investigated using large multiinstitutional databases, to date single-center studies addressing adverse outcomes in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing noncardiac surgery have only included small numbers of patients with significant heart disease. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidences of perioperative cardiovascular and respiratory events in a large cohort of patients from a single institution with a broad range of congenital cardiac lesions undergoing noncardiac procedures and to determine risk factors for these events.

METHODS:
We identified 3010 CHD patients presenting for noncardiac procedures in our institution over a 5-year period. We collected demographic information, including procedure performed, cardiac diagnosis, ventricular function as assessed by echocardiogram within 6 months of the procedure, and classification of CHD into 3 groups (minor, major, or severe CHD) based on residual lesion burden and cardiovascular functional status. Characteristics related to conduct of anesthesia care were also collected. The primary outcome variables for our analysis were the incidences of intraoperative cardiovascular and respiratory events. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors for these 2 outcomes.

RESULTS:
The incidence of cardiovascular events was 11.5% and of respiratory events was 4.7%. Univariate analysis and multivariable analysis demonstrated that American Society of Anesthesiologists (≥3), emergency cases, major and severe CHD, single-ventricle physiology, ventricular dysfunction, orthopedic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery, and pulmonary procedures were associated with perioperative cardiovascular events. Respiratory events were associated with American Society of Anesthesiologists (≥4) and otolaryngology, gastrointestinal, general surgery, and maxillofacial procedures.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraoperative cardiovascular events and respiratory events in patients with CHD were relatively common. While cardiovascular events were highly associated with cardiovascular status, respiratory events were not associated with cardiovascular status.
Men in fashion illustration textbooks: A critical analysis of race and the body
Authors: Reddy-Best Kelly L. , Choi Eunji , Park Hangael 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An examination of various fashion-related media revealed a significant lack of racial diversity and a preference for fit, muscular male bodies. The ideals related to race have also been studied extensively in numerous academic disciplines’ textbooks and yielded similar results. Scholars have analysed women’s bodies in fashion-related textbooks, but men have largely been ignored from these analyses. Using intersectionality theory as a lens, we critically examined the representation of men in fashion illustration textbooks and asked the following questions: how many men are represented? Is there racial diversity, and how are men’s bodies represented? We focused on fashion illustration textbooks as drawing bodies and garments are often the foundation to the design process, and current industry projections suggest that the men’s market is expected to expand significantly over the next few years. Therefore, we question the types of messages being communicated through the imagery in these important educational tools. We analysed the fashion illustration textbooks published since 2000 using the content analysis method, and coded race, skin colour, body size, muscularity and body position. Not surprisingly, we found a significant lack of racial diversity and preferences for lighter-skinned Blacks. In addition, male bodies were often fit and muscular. Implications for authors and college-level instructors are provided.
Reviews
Authors: Bench Paul , Delgado Henry Navarro , Edwards Tim 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Masculinities in the Archive Symposium, London College of Fashion, London, UK, 18 November 2017
Fashion and Masculinities in Popular Culture, Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas (2018) New York: Routledge, 185 pp., ISBN: 9781138658684, h/bk, $150
The Suit: Form, Function and Style, Christopher Breward (2016) London: Reaktion Books, 240 pp., ISBN: 1780235232, h/bk, $27
Dumpster Chic and Haute Homeless: Placing Brother Sharp in a fashion industry continuum
Authors: Cole Daniel James 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In 2010, a Chinese homeless man became an Internet sensation when photos of him were posted online. Soon nicknamed ‘Brother Sharp’, the man’s celebrity went viral, first in China and then the world; Chinese young men imitated his style while he still ate out of trashcans. His fame coincided with a controversial homeless-inspired menswear collection from Vivienne Westwood, and the two incidences were linked in the media. While Brother Sharp’s sudden fame was a phenomenon of the Internet age, the idea of the homeless and the poor has had a long history as inspiration and entertainment for the general public. This article traces fashion collections from Christian Francis Roth and John Galliano, among others, the popularity of Mary Kate Olsen’s ‘Dumpster Chic’, along with the phenomenon of ‘slumming’ across centuries, and the ethics of such fashion expressions and fascinations.
Becoming the West: Cowboys as icons of masculine style for gay men
Authors: Ford Elyssa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The cowboy has long been an icon of the American West, and in many ways, the cowboy has become the symbol of the American man. This understanding of the cowboy as the ideal of masculinity has held true even in alternate competitions, such as the gay rodeo. From its origins, the gay rodeo promoted itself as a space for gay men to be ‘real’ men. It was a place where the masculine cowboy was embraced. Yet, the gay rodeo is a complex space because within it there exists an interplay between the normative masculine cowboy and the subversively homosexual one.
Who wore the breeches?: An insight into early modern female cross-dressing, between the 1570s and 1625
Authors: Saccardi Nadia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
During the last three decades of Elizabeth I’s reign and the death of James I (1570s–1625), a tendency towards the adoption of masculine attire emerged. This was fierily criticized by satire and critical literature and condemned by law. This study aims to explore and analyse the existing material related to early modern female transvestism that has seldom been the subject of detailed academic scrutiny.