bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and stability of water‐in‐oil nano‐emulsions with mixed surfactant using in‐situ combined condensation‐dispersion method
Authors: Kundu Partha , Arora Kunal , Gu Yongan , Kumar Vimal , Mishra Indra M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNano‐emulsions (NEs) are non‐equilibrium systems and cannot be formed instantaneously. The small droplet size and high kinetic stability of NEs, compared to conventional emulsions, provide them with advantages for their use in many technological applications. Therefore, energy input, generally from mechanical devices or from the chemical potential of the components, is required for the formation of NEs. In the present work, the formation of water‐in‐oil (w/o) NEs with mixed surfactant (HLB = 9.864) was investigated for enhancing the stability of the water/oil interface. A combined condensation‐dispersion method was used in the present study for the production of NEs. The mechanism of NEs formation was examined and illustrated by observing the droplet size distribution (DSD), polydispersity index (PDI), and kinetic stability of NEs. Highly stable, finely dispersed NEs were produced with smaller droplet sizes and low PDIs. The kinetics of the NEs were studied by observing the variation in droplet size growth with storage time. It was observed that both the mean droplet diameter and the PDI decreases with an increase in the homogenization time and speed (rpm). The Ostwald ripening rate of the NEs increased with a decrease in homogenization time. Polydispersity significantly affects the Ostwald ripening rate of NEs. The IFT and SFT of the w/o NEs were decreased with an increase in the rpm and homogenization time. The decrease in droplet size significantly reduces the IFT and SFT of the NEs. Various instability mechanisms of the NEs were examined by fitting the experimental data to different co‐relations. However, Ostwald ripening was found to be a prominent instability phenomenon over coalescence for the produced NEs. The Ostwald ripening rate was estimated according to the Lifshitz‐Slyozov and Wagner (LSW) theory.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of the Natural Product Gq/11 Protein Inhibitor YM‐254890
Authors: Xiong Xiao‐Feng , Zhang Hang , Boesgaard Michael W. , Underwood Christina R. , Bräuner‐Osborne Hans , Strømgaard Kristian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractG proteins act as molecular switches in G protein‐coupled receptor signaling pathways and are key mediators for numerous important physiological processes. The natural product, cyclic depsipeptide YM‐254890, together with the structurally similar FR900359, is the only known selective inhibitor of the Gq/11 subfamily of G proteins. We recently reported the first total synthesis of YM‐254890 and FR900359, followed by synthesizing analogues to perform structure–activity relationship studies. However, incomplete information about their structure–activity relationship prevents the further development of potent and structurally simplified analogues. Herein we report the first systematic structure–activity relationship study toward the N‐methyldehydroalanine moiety in YM‐254890, by designing and synthesizing seven new analogues. Pharmacological characterization of the seven compounds for Gq/11‐, Gi/o‐ and Gs‐mediated signaling showed that the simplified analogue YM‐19 is the most potent Gq/11inhibitor among the new analogues. This study provides information for the future design of potent and simplified YM‐254890 analogues.
Simulation of orthodontic force of archwire applied to full dentition using virtual bracket displacement method
Authors: Zhou Xinwen , Gan Yangzhou , Zhao Qunfei , Xiong Jing , Xia Zeyang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveOrthodontic force simulation of tooth provides important guidance for clinical orthodontic treatment. However, previous studies did not involve the simulation of orthodontic force of archwire applied to full dentition. This study aimed to develop a method to simulate orthodontic force of tooth produced by loading a continuous archwire to full dentition using finite element method.MethodA three‐dimensional tooth‐periodontal ligament‐bone complex model of mandible was reconstructed from computed tomography images, and models of brackets and archwire were built. The simulation was completed through two steps. First, node displacements of archwire before and after loading were estimated through moving virtual brackets to drive archwire deformation. Second, the obtained node displacements were loaded to implement the loading of archwire, and orthodontic force was calculated. An orthodontic force tester (OFT) was used to measure orthodontic force in vitro for the validation.ResultsAfter the simulation convergence, archwire was successfully loaded to brackets, and orthodontic force of teeth was obtained. Compared with the measured orthodontic force using the OFT, the absolute difference of the simulation results ranged from 0.5 to 22.7 cN for force component and ranged from 2.2 to 80.0 cN•mm for moment component, respectively. The relative difference of the simulation results ranged from 2.5% to 11.0% for force component, and ranged from 0.6% to 14.7% for moment component, respectively.ConclusionsThe developed orthodontic force simulation method based on virtual bracket displacement can be used to simulate orthodontic force provided by the archwire applied to full dentition.
pH Dependence ofT1for13C‐Labelled Small Molecules Commonly Used for Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hundshammer Christian , Grashei Martin , Greiner Alexandra , Glaser Steffen J. , Schilling Franz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHyperpolarization is a method to enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance signal by up to five orders of magnitude. However, the hyperpolarized (HP) state is transient and decays with the spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1), which is on the order of a few tens of seconds. Here, we analyzed the pH‐dependence ofT1for commonly used HP13C‐labelled small molecules such as acetate, alanine, fumarate, lactate, pyruvate, urea and zymonic acid. For instance, theT1of HP pyruvate is about 2.5 fold smaller at acidic pH (25 s, pH 1.7,B0=1 T) compared to pH close to physiological conditions (66 s, pH 7.3,B0=1 T). Our data shows that increasing hydronium ion concentrations shorten theT1of protonated carboxylic acids of most of the analyzed molecules except lactate. Furthermore it suggests that intermolecular hydrogen bonding at low pH can contribute to thisT1shortening. In addition, enhanced proton exchange and chemical reactions at the pKaappear to be detrimental for the HP‐state.
Schwarz lemma for driving point impedance functions and its circuit applications
Authors: Örnek Bülent Nafi , Düzenli Timur 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a boundary version of the Schwarz lemma is investigated for driving point impedance functions and its circuit applications. It is known that driving point impedance function, Z(s)  =  1 + cp(s − 1)p + cp + 1(s − 1)p + 1 + ..., p  >  1, is an analytic function defined on the right half of the s‐plane. Two theorems are presented using the modulus of the derivative of driving point impedance function, |Z′(0)|, by assuming the Z(s) function is also analytic at the boundary point s  =  0 on the imaginary axis with
. In the obtained inequalities, the value of the function at s  =  1 and the derivatives with different orders have been used. Finally, the sharpness of the inequalities obtained in the presented theorems is proved. Simple LC circuits are obtained using the obtained driving point impedance functions.
Comparison of Volumetric and Bead‐Based Counting of CD34 Cells by Single‐Platform Flow Cytometry
Authors: Saraiva Luisa , Wang Lili , Kammel Martin , Kummrow Andreas , Atkinson Eleanor , Lee Ji Youn , Yalcinkaya Burhanettin , Akgöz Muslum , Höckner Jana , Ruf Andreas , Engel Andrea , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , O'Shea Orla , Sassi Maria Paola , Divieto Carla , Lekishvili Tamara , Campbell Jonathan , Liu Yingying , Wang Jing , Stebbings Richard , Gaigalas Adolfas K. , Rigsby Peter , Neukammer Jörg , Vessillier Sandrine 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundOver 2,000 people a year in the United Kingdom need a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant. It is important to accurately quantify the hematopoietic stem cells to predict whether the transplant will be successful in replenishing the immune system. However, they are present at low frequency, which complicates accurate quantification. The current gold standard method is single‐platform flow cytometry using internal reference counting beads to determine the concentration of CD34 cells. However, volumetric flow cytometers have the ability to measure the acquisition volume, which removes the need for reference beads for calculation of cell concentrations.MethodIn this study, we compared both methods for calculating CD34 cell concentrations in volumetric cytometers, using either the volume reading or the number of reference beads for calculation. In addition, the uncertainty of measurement for each method was estimated.ResultsThe results show that both methods have similar uncertainties of measurement. Regression analysis showed low to no statistical difference in CD34 cell concentrations obtained with each method.ConclusionsOverall, this study suggests that the volumetric method is a valid approach but that the adoption of this technology may be hindered without some form of external calibration of volume readings to increase confidence in the measurement. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Method validation and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies on the new designer stimulant 3‐fluorophenmetrazine (3‐FPM)
Authors: Grumann Christina , Huppertz Laura M. , Bisel Philippe , Angerer Verena , Auwärter Volker 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPharmaceutical research not only provides the basis for the development of new medicinal products but also for the synthesis of new drugs of abuse. 3‐Fluorophenmetrazine (3‐FPM), a fluorinated derivative of the anorectic phenmetrazine, was first patented in 2011 and appeared on the drug market in 2014. Though invented for potential medical purposes, pharmacokinetic data on this compound, crucial for interpreting forensic as well as clinical cases, are not available. Therefore, a liquid chromatography−electrospray ionization−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−ESI−MS/MS) method for the detection of 3‐FPM in serum, urine, and oral fluid was developed, validated for urine and serum, and used to quantify 3‐FPM in samples obtained during a controlled self‐experiment. The method proved to be linear, selective and sufficiently sensitive. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.1 ng/mL, 0.2 ng/mL, and 0.05 ng/mL in serum, urine, and oral fluid. Inter‐day precision and intra‐day precision (RSD) in serum samples were below 6.3% and below 8.5%, respectively. The highest serum concentration (cmax) of 210 ng/mL was reached 2.5 hours (tmax) after ingestion. The elimination half‐life and the volume of distribution were calculated to be approx. 8.8 hours and 400 L (5.3 L/kg). 3‐FPM could be detected in serum and urine up to 82 hours and 116 hours, respectively. It was still detected in the last oral fluid sample taken 55 hours after ingestion. 3‐FPM was mainly excreted unchanged. Main metabolic reactions were aryl‐hydroxylation and N‐hydroxylation. Interestingly, the product of oxidative ring opening (2‐amino‐1‐(3‐fluorophenyl)propan‐1‐ol) showed the largest window of detection in the self‐experiment.
The role of fish life histories in allometrically scaled food‐web dynamics
Authors: Bland Stephanie , Valdovinos Fernanda S. , Hutchings Jeffrey A. , Kuparinen Anna 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Body size determines key ecological and evolutionary processes of organisms. Therefore, organisms undergo extensive shifts in resources, competitors, and predators as they grow in body size. While empirical and theoretical evidence show that these size‐dependent ontogenetic shifts vastly influence the structure and dynamics of populations, theory on how those ontogenetic shifts affect the structure and dynamics of ecological networks is still virtually absent.

Here, we expand the Allometric Trophic Network (ATN) theory in the context of aquatic food webs to incorporate size‐structure in the population dynamics of fish species. We do this by modifying a food web generating algorithm, the niche model, to produce food webs where different fish life‐history stages are described as separate nodes which are connected through growth and reproduction. Then, we apply a bioenergetic model that uses the food webs and the body sizes generated by our niche model to evaluate the effect of incorporating life‐history structure into food web dynamics.

We show that the larger the body size of a fish species respective to the body size of its preys, the higher the biomass attained by the fish species and the greater the ecosystem stability. We also find that the larger the asymptotic body size attained by fish species the larger the total ecosystem biomass, a result that holds true for both the largest fish in the ecosystem and each fish species in the ecosystem.

This work provides an expanded ATN theory that generates food webs with life‐history structure for chosen species. Our work offers a systematic approach for disentangling the effects of increasing life‐history complexity in food‐web models.
Modeling equipment hierarchy and costs for ICT solutions
Authors: Spruytte Jonathan , Van der Wee Marlies , Verbrugge Sofie , Colle Didier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the early 2000s, a large number of companies thrived mainly due to the fast‐paced evolution of network and Internet technologies. A similar trend is now emerging with the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT), using which almost every thing can be part of the Internet. Both groups of companies have important ICT networks as their core assets. In order to validate the feasibility of the business models of such companies, the relevant costs and revenues should be modeled. This publication focuses on the relevant costs, which can be divided into two categories: process costs and equipment costs, the latter being the focus here.For equipment costs, no formal standard exists. As a result, most studies make use of use case‐specific ad hoc models (typically, a combination of visualization and spreadsheet modeling), which tend to be error‐prone as well as hard to understand and reuse. To solve these issues, we developed the Equipment Coupling Modeling Notation (ECMN), which allows for both visualization and calculation while focusing on simplicity, flexibility, and reusability. ECMN is a flowchart‐like notation based on a small number of building blocks, which allows for hierarchical modeling by means of nesting models (using submodels).In this study, ECMN was applied to an IoT use case to show its strengths, based on which a comparison was made with various ad hoc models using a set of requirements.
Strain‐Promoted Double Azide Addition to Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene Derivatives
Authors: Fukushima Satomi , Ashizawa Minoru , Kawauchi Susumu , Michinobu Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOctadehydrodibenzo[12]annulenes (DBAs), readily available by the oxidative acetylenic coupling of 1,2‐diethynylbenzene derivatives, were reacted with organic azides. As compared to the well‐known strain‐promoted azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (SpAAC) of 5,6,11,12‐tetradehydrodibenzo[a,e][8]annulene, the reactivity of the DBA alkynes was lower due to the lower strain energy. However, the regioselective double azide addition occurred without any side reactions under mild conditions, yielding bis‐triazole products. The structures of the products were confirmed by an X‐ray crystal structure analysis, and the reaction mechanism was studied by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and computational studies. It was also found that the DBAs were hardly fluorescent, while the bis‐triazole products showed a green fluorescence with quantum yields up to 5.1 %. Finally, the new strain‐promoted double azide addition to the DBAs was used for step‐growth polymerization, successfully producing a high molecular weight triazole polymer.
The Influences of Global Trends in Teaching and Learning Chemistry on the Chemistry Curriculum in Israel
Authors: Mamlok‐Naaman Rachel , Taitelbaum Dorit 
Published: February 2019

AbstractI this paper, we survey and focus on developments in the chemistry curriculum in Israel over the past 70 years, as influenced by changes and reforms in the curricula around the world and specifically in the United States, by political, cultural and socio‐economic factors, scientific and technological innovations, and theories and studies in learning and teaching. The mentioned studies refer also to the influence of the learners, the teachers, the content, the pedagogy of teaching and learning both in and out of school, and the assessment of students’ achievement on the curriculum changes. Three periods of changes are discussed in the chemistry curriculum in Israel, from the 1960s to the beginning of the 21st century, as influenced by the above factors.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of atosiban versus nifedipine for inhibition of preterm labor
Authors: Ali Aya Ashraf , Sayed Ahmed Kamal , El Sherif Loalo'a , Loutfi Gihan Ossam , Ahmed Abdullah Mahmoud Mohamed , Mohamed Hajer Bassem , Anwar Ahmad Tareq , Taha Abdullah Salah , Yahia Reem Mohamed , Elgebaly Ahmed , Abdel‐Daim Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTwo tocolytic drugs—atosiban and nifedipine—are currently used for first‐line treatment of preterm labor (PTL).ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of atosiban with nifedipine for PTL treatment.Search strategyIn May 2017, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials with search terms including “nifedipine”, “atosiban”, and “preterm labor”.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials of women with PTL.Data collection and analysisData were extracted for study design, patient characteristics, risk of bias domains, and study outcomes. A random‐effects model was used to generate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWe included seven studies that enrolled 992 patients. There was no significant difference between atosiban and nifedipine for pregnancy prolongation of 48 hours or more regarding efficacy (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92–1.22; P=0.440) or effectiveness (0.93, 0.84–1.03; P=0.177). Pregnancy prolongation for 7 days or more also did not differ between groups for efficacy (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.89–1.21; P=0.656) or effectiveness (0.91, 0.79–1.05; P=0.177). Atosiban‐however‐was associated with fewer maternal side‐effects than nifedipine.ConclusionAtosiban resulted in fewer maternal side‐effects than nifedipine, with no difference in pregnancy prolongation.PROSPERO registration: CRD42018090223.
Mixed‐frequency models with moving‐average components
Authors: Foroni Claudia , Marcellino Massimiliano , Stevanovic Dalibor 
Published: February 2019

SummaryTemporal aggregation in general introduces a moving‐average (MA) component in the aggregated model. A similar feature emerges when not all but only a few variables are aggregated, which generates a mixed‐frequency (MF) model. The MA component is generally neglected, likely to preserve the possibility of ordinary least squares estimation, but the consequences have never been properly studied in the MF context. In this paper we show, analytically, in Monte Carlo simulations and in a forecasting application on US macroeconomic variables, the relevance of considering the MA component in MF mixed‐data sampling (MIDAS) and unrestricted MIDAS models (MIDAS–autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and UMIDAS‐ARMA). Specifically, the simulation results indicate that the short‐term forecasting performance of MIDAS‐ARMA and UMIDAS‐ARMA are better than that of, respectively, MIDAS and UMIDAS. The empirical applications on nowcasting US gross domestic product (GDP) growth, investment growth, and GDP deflator inflation confirm this ranking. Moreover, in both simulation and empirical results, MIDAS‐ARMA is better than UMIDAS‐ARMA.
ZEA exerts toxic effects on reproduction and development by mediating Dio3os in mouse endometrial stromal cells
Authors: Xie Haiqiang , Wang Huan , Li Xiaodan , Ji Haijing , Xu Yinxue 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZearalenone (ZEA) and imprinted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are both closely related to reproduction and development. However, whether they have connections in regulating reproduction and development is not clear yet. The aim of this research is to investigate their relationship. lncRNA microarray was performed to analyze differentially expressed genes, and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to verify the accuracy of microarray analysis. Meanwhile, the technologies of rapid amplification of cDNA ends, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and bioinformatics were adopted to characterize the selected lncRNA. Analysis of lncRNA microarray showed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs related to reproduction and development were significantly differently expressed, and Dio3os was probably the target lncRNA. Then, the experiment of real‐time quantitative PCR verified the accuracy of microarray data. Characterization of Dio3os showed Dio3os, an antisense lncRNA with 2312 bp and 15 open reading frames, was enriched in the cytoplasm. Our findings suggest ZEA probably exerts toxic effects on reproduction and development by mediating Dio3os.
Differential expression patterns of specific long noncoding RNAs and competing endogenous RNA network in alopecia areata
Authors: Sheng Youyu , Ma Jingwen , Zhao Jun , Qi Sisi , Hu Ruiming , Yang Qinping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression by acting with microRNAs (miRNAs) and indirectly interact with messenger RNA (mRNAs). However, the roles of specific lncRNA and its related competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network in alopecia areata (AA) are not fully understood.MethodsThe blood lncRNA profiles were obtained by microarray from 10 samples, including five alopecia areata samples and five normal samples. Based on bioinformatics generated from miRcode, starBase, and miRTarBase, we constructed an lncRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA network (ceRNA network) in alopecia areata.ResultsWe found 154 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The functional enrichment indicated that the DEGs mainly regulated the pathways of focal adhesion, Mucin type O‐glycan biosynthesis, and so on. The differentially expressed lncRNA (DElncRNA) involved in the pathway of thyronamine and iodothyronamine metabolism and so on. Through integrated lncRNA‐mRNA and miRNA‐mRNA pairs, the ceRNA network was constructed, thereafter, six ceRNA subnetworks were identified and subnetwork 1 were found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of alopecia areata.ConclusionOur results showed blood lncRNA expression patterns and a complex ceRNA network in alopecia areata. However, futher studies on blood and tissue verification of these lncRNAs and relative pathways are needed.