bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric testing of the Older Patients in Acute Care Survey (OPACS) in Australian final year nursing students
Authors: Venables Helen , Wells Yvonne , Fetherstonhaugh Deirdre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the internal reliability and validity (content and criterion) of the Older Patients in Acute Care Survey (OPACS) as a measure of nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding care of older hospitalized patients in Australia.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodA convenience sample of final year nursing students at an Australian university in October 2014 completed the OPACS (N = 191). Internal reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, content validity using exploratory factor analysis and criterion validity using correlations between the OPACS and Palmore's Facts on Aging Quiz and the Caring Efficacy Scale.ResultsDespite good internal reliability on both OPACS subscales, exploratory factor analysis of the 36 items representing behaviours and the 50 items on knowledge and attitudes failed to load strongly on their corresponding factors. Analyses of criterion validity suggested the OPACS scales are measures of attitude.
Thoughts of creation and the discipline of nursing
Authors: Kristoffersen Margareth 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimThe aim is to highlight thoughts of creation as a significant fundamental of the nursing discipline. This is achieved by exploring thoughts of creation in relation to everyday nursing care.DesignThis study, based on a hermeneutical approach, provides reused data drawn from a larger Norwegian empirical study.MethodA second thematic analysis was conducted. Data in the original study consisted of qualitative interviews and qualitative follow‐up interviews with 13 nurses. The research context was the primary and secondary somatic and psychiatric health service, inside as well as outside institutions.ResultsThree themes emerged: (a) Life as greater than a human being; (b) creational powers attributed to the human being; and (c) understanding life as basically good. Thus, thoughts of creation in terms of philosophical underpinnings seem to gain backing from nurses’ experiences of everyday nursing care and it can be argued that it adds elements that enrich nursing care.
Difference in space‐charge recombination of proton and electron irradiated GaAs solar cells
Authors: Pellegrino Carmine , Gagliardi Alessio , Zimmermann Claus G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGaAs component cells, representative of the middle cell in Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge triple junction solar cells, were irradiated with protons and electrons of various energies and fluences. The local ideality factor, calculated from the measured dark J‐V curves, exhibits a characteristic signature of the irradiating particle. With the help of an analytical model based on Shockley‐Read‐Hall statistics, the recombination current in the space‐charge region is calculated, and the local diode ideality factor is reproduced accurately. The inclusion of defect levels away from the intrinsic Fermi level in the bandgap is found to be essential, since a classical two‐diode model fails to describe the experimental data. On the basis of literature data of known defect levels in irradiated GaAs, the associated lifetimes and defect introduction rates are derived.
Low pH treatment of starch industry effluent with bacteria from leaf debris for methane production
Authors: Chaterjee Pradip Kumar , Neogi Shubhaneel , Saha Shouvik , Jeon Byong‐Hun , Dey Apurba 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCornstarch industry generates a huge amount of acidic effluent, that is, 5–11 M3/Mt grinding, with a high load of chemical oxygen demand, 6000–19000 mg/L. The acidic effluent requires neutralization making the treatment process expensive. Methanogenesis under the acidic environment (pH 5–5.5) can reduce the cost of operation as well as treatment time. This research focuses on the evaluation of the optimum condition of COD reduction and methane generation simultaneously from leaf debris sludge using Box–Behnken model. Three 1 L bioreactors were seeded with 5000–10000 mg/L inoculum and operated at different pH 4.0–7.0 for 72 hr up to 10 cycles. The production of methane was found maximum 2980 ml after treating the wastewater from the starch industry at pH 5.57 and 9612.9 mg biomass load at 62.4 hr. The high reduction rate of around 97% shows there is ample opportunity for further research on low pH treatment of waste along with recovery as methane.Practitioner points

The low pH tolerant methanogenic bacteria are promising and are isolable from various natural resources.

The low pH tolerant methanogens was able to remove 97% COD from starch industry effluent at pH 5.57.

The recovery of methane was 2980 ml from 9612 mg/L COD which is at per with present treatment system thus provides cost effective alternatives.
“The Redhead Who Speaks Spanish” Speaks: A High School Principal in Iowa's First Majority Latinx Town Discusses Leadership and Student Activism
Authors: Locke Leslie Ann , Broadhurst Christopher J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter outlines an interview conducted with a principal of a high‐performing high school with a majority Latinx student population, regarding how she fostered and engaged in activism in her school and with her students.
Spectral representation of thermal OTO correlators
Authors: Chaudhuri Soumyadeep , Chowdhury Chandramouli , Loganayagam R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe study the spectral representation of finite temperature, out of time ordered (OTO) correlators on the multi-time-fold generalised Schwinger-Keldysh contour. We write the contour-ordered correlators as a sum over time-order permutations acting on a fundamental array of Wightman correlators. We decompose this Wightman array in a basis of column vectors, which provide a natural generalisation of the familiar retarded-advanced basis in the finite temperature Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. The coefficients of this decomposition take the form of generalised spectral functions, which are Fourier transforms of nested and double commutators. Our construction extends a variety of classical results on spectral functions in the SK formalism at finite temperature to the OTO case.
Supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld axionic inflation and non-Gaussianity
Authors: Nath Pran , Piskunov Maksim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn analysis is given of inflation based on a supersymmetric Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action in an axionic landscape. The DBI model we discuss involves a landscape of chiral superfields with one U(1) shift symmetry which is broken by instanton type non-perturbative terms in the superpotential. Breaking of the shift symmetry leads to one pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone-boson which acts as the inflaton while the remaining normalized phases of the chiral fields generically labeled axions are invariant under the U(1) shift symmetry. The analysis is carried out in the vacuum with stabilized saxions, which are the magnitudes of the chiral fields. Regions of the parameter space where slow-roll inflation occurs are exhibited and the spectral indices as well as the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum are computed. An interesting aspect of supersymmetric DBI models analyzed is that in most of the parameter space tensor to scalar ratio and scalar spectral index are consistent with Planck data if slow roll occurs and is not eternal. Also interesting is that the ratio of the tensor to the scalar power spectrum can be large and can lie close to the experimental upper limit and thus testable in improved experiment. Non-Gaussianity in this class of models is explored.
Subsidy Incidence in Privately Negotiated Spot Markets: Experimental Evidence
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Bastian Christopher T. , Jones Ritten Chian , Phillips Owen R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe use experimental methods to investigate subsidy incidence, the transfer of subsidy payments from intended recipients to other economic agents, in privately negotiated spot markets. Our results show that market outcomes in treatments with a subsidy given to either buyers or sellers are significantly different from both a no-subsidy treatment and the competitive prediction of a 50% subsidy incidence. The disparity in incidence across treatments relative to predicted levels suggests that incidence equivalence does not hold in this market setting. Moreover, we find no statistical difference in market outcomes when benefits are framed as a “subsidy” versus a schedule shift.
NOMINALISTIC ORDINALS, RECURSION ON HIGHER TYPES, AND FINITISM
Authors: HÄMEEN-ANTTILA MARIA 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 1936, Gerhard Gentzen published a proof of consistency for Peano Arithmetic using transfinite induction up to ε0, which was considered a finitistically acceptable procedure by both Gentzen and Paul Bernays. Gentzen’s method of arithmetising ordinals and thus avoiding the Platonistic metaphysics of set theory traces back to the 1920s, when Bernays and David Hilbert used the method for an attempted proof of the Continuum Hypothesis. The idea that recursion on higher types could be used to simulate the limit-building in transfinite recursion seems to originate from Bernays. The main difficulty, which was already discovered in Gabriel Sudan’s nearly forgotten paper of 1927, was that measuring transfinite ordinals requires stronger methods than representing them. This paper presents a historical account of the idea of nominalistic ordinals in the context of the Hilbert Programme as well as Gentzen and Bernays’ finitary interpretation of transfinite induction.
Methods of estimating vancomycin use in an inpatient setting: days of therapy versus therapeutic drug monitoring–based exposure days
Authors: Murakami Shutaro , Hiroi Junko , Tokuda Yasuharu , Casabar Ed , Honda Hitoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderestimating antimicrobial use based on days of therapy (DOT) is recognized for certain antimicrobial agents. We investigated the difference between DOT and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)–based exposure days in estimating vancomycin use and demonstrated that DOT may underestimate vancomycin exposure by ∼10%.
Meso-scale transport in sticky granular fluids
Authors: Luding S. 
Published: February 2019

Fluid mechanics and rheology involve many unsolved challenges related to the transport mechanisms of mass, momentum and energy – especially when it comes to realistic, industrially relevant materials. Very interesting are suspensions or granular fluids with solid, particulate ingredients that feature contact mechanics on the micro-scale, which affect the transport properties on the continuum- or macro-scale. Their unique ability to behave as either fluid, or solid or both, can be quantified by non-Newtonian rheological rules, and results in interesting mechanisms such as super-diffusion, shear thickening, fluid–solid transitions (jamming) or relaxation/creep. Focusing on the steady state flow of a granular fluid, one can attempt to answer a long-standing question: how do realistic material properties such as dissipation, stiffness, friction or cohesion influence the rheology of a granular fluid? In a recent paper Macaulay & Rognon (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 858, 2019, R2) shed new light on the effect cohesion can have on mass transport in sheared, sticky granular fluids. On top of the usual diffusive, stochastic modes of transport, cohesion can create and stabilise clusters of particles into bigger agglomerates that carry particles over large distances – either ballistically in the dilute regime, or by their rotation in the dense regime. Importantly, these clusters must not only be larger than the particles (defining the intermediate, meso-scale), but they must also have a finite lifetime, in order to be able to exchange mass with each other, which can seriously enhance transport in sticky granular fluids by rotection, i.e. a combination of rotation and convection.
Does breast milk adiponectin affect BMI and cardio-metabolic markers in childhood?
Authors: van Rossem Lenie , Smit Henriette A. , Lentjes Eef G. W. M. , Maitimu-Smeele Inge , Brunekreef Bert , Koppelman Gerard H. , Wijga Alet H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObservational studies suggest that breast-feeding is associated with a more favourable BMI and cardio-metabolic markers, but potential underlying mechanisms are unclear. As serum adiponectin has an important function in adults for glucose and lipid metabolism, we assessed 251 participants of the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort whether breast milk adiponectin is associated with childhood BMI and cardio-metabolic markers. We measured adiponectin levels in breast milk collected around 3 months after birth of the child and subsequently obtained weight and height repeatedly up to the age of 17 years. A medical examination (including blood pressure, glycated Hb and cholesterol) was performed at the age of 8, 12 and 16 years. We used multivariable mixed models to assess the association between breast milk adiponectin and BMI and cardio-metabolic markers at these ages. In models adjusted for exact age of breast milk collection, maternal age, presence of siblings, maternal BMI, pregnancy weight gain and child’s birth weight, each unit increase in log breast milk adiponectin (in ng/ml) was associated with a 0·28 lower BMI z score (95 % CI –0·56, 0·00) at 3 months. After the age of 1 year, there was a tendency towards a higher BMI z score with increased breast milk adiponectin at some ages, but this pattern was not consistent throughout childhood. There were no associations between breast milk adiponectin and any of the cardio-metabolic markers in childhood. We conclude that in our study with follow-up until 17 years of age, breast milk adiponectin has no long-term effect on BMI and cardio-metabolic health during childhood.
Effect of lipid fraction of digested milk from different sources in mature 3T3-L1 adipocyte
Authors: Santillo Antonella , Figliola Lucia , Caroprese Mariangela , Marino Rosaria , dʼApolito Maria , Giardino Ida , Albenzio Marzia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of in vitro digested milk on mature adipocytes 3T3-L1, paying particular attention to its fatty acid composition, and comparing human (HM), donkey (DM), bovine (BM), ovine (OM), caprine (CM) and formula (FM) milk. Cellular viability, apoptosis, oxidative response and gene expression levels of NF-κB p65, HMGB1, SREBP-1c and FAS were evaluated. Digested milk treatments significantly reduced 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes viability and caspase activity compared with control group, but no significant differences were observed among different sources of digested milk. In all digested milk samples, ROS level was higher than the control, however, the digested human and formula milk showed lower levels of ROS than DM, BM, OM and CM samples. Lower capacity of HM and FM to induce oxidative stress in mature adipocytes was ascribed to the peculiar free fatty acids profile of digested milk samples. All milk treatments elicited a significant over-expression of NF-κB p65 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared to the control; the lowest gene expression was found in HM, BM, OM and CM, the highest in FM and an intermediate behavior was shown in DM. All digested milk treatments influenced the gene expression of SRBP-1c with FM and HM showing the highest levels. For FAS expression, BM showed the highest level, OM and CM intermediate and FM, HM and DM the lowest levels, however HM and DM had comparable levels to the control.
Rapid detection of cow milk adulteration/contamination in goat milk by a lateral flow colloidal gold immunoassay strip
Authors: Liu Bochao , Si Jinhong , Zhao Fang , Wang Qi , Wang Yu , Li Jinfeng , Li Chengyao , Li Tingting 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent available methods to detect cow milk adulteration or accidental contamination of goat milk are both laborious and time consuming. The aim of this technical research communication was to develop a simple, rapid, specific and sensitive method for quantitative detection of cow milk in goat milk. A competitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strip was developed using a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) labeled with colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) for specifically binding to cow milk casein. The detection limit of this rapid detection was 0.07% of cow milk in goat milk, providing equal specificity and higher sensitivity when compared with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These result suggest that the established rapid GNPs-LFIA strip could be used for monitoring cow milk adulteration/contamination of goat milk.
Do Women Favor Foreign Direct Investment?
Authors: Lee Chia-yi , Shin Mi Jeong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough some studies show that women are more likely to oppose free trade than men, others demonstrate that economic globalization empowers women. Given this paradox, we examine whether gender shapes individual preferences with respect to foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries. We hypothesize that women do not disfavor FDI more than men because multinational corporations (MNCs) bring more jobs for women, provide better working conditions and higher wages than domestic firms, and spread norms and values that favor gender equality. Moreover, this gender gap will be wider in more globalized countries because women can observe such benefits of MNCs. To test our arguments, we used survey data from the 2007 Pew Global Attitudes Project. Overall, women view FDI more positively than men, and this effect is stronger in economically more globalized countries and countries that are less dependent on agriculture. Women have a different view on FDI than that on trade.
Transmission line approach of zero-index metamaterials and applications using a wave concept iterative method
Authors: Karim Azizi Mohamed , Elbellili Taieb , Baudrand Henri , Trabelsi Hichem 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel study of zero-index materials (ZIM) based on lumped element circuits using a wave concept iterative method (WCIP). This method is well used to demonstrate the behavior of zero-index-based microwave applications. This type of metamaterial can maintain the amplitude and the phase of an electromagnetic wave to be constant through the ZIM region, which is an important property to design an in-phase power divider-combiner, enhance the directivity of an embedded source, channel electromagnetic waves without reflection at the interface between waveguides with different cross-sections, and control the transmission of electromagnetic wave by the adjustment of the permittivity of a dielectric defect coated by zero-index metamaterial. The numerical simulations using the WCIP method match the literature and commercial software simulator results.
Caesarean delivery, immune function and inflammation in early life among Ecuadorian infants and young children
Authors: Thompson A. L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCaesarean delivery has been linked to a number of inflammatory conditions in childhood and adolescence. Yet the mechanisms underlying these associations and their generalizability across contexts with different postnatal feeding and pathogenic exposures remain unclear. This study tests the association between delivery type and three measures of immune function, inflammation, morbidity and leukocyte proportions, in Ecuadorian infants and children aged 6 months to 2 years. Data were collected from mother–child pairs participating in a nationally representative health and nutrition surveyEncuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion(ENSANUT-ECU) conducted in 2012. The analytic sample includes 828 mothers and infants with delivery information and measured biomarkers. Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between delivery type and markers of immune function, controlling for maternal and infant characteristics, including age, sex, sociodemographic characteristics and medical indications. 40.8% (n=338) of sample infants and children were delivered by caesarean. Compared to those born vaginally, infants born by caesarean were less likely to have elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) [CRP>2 mg/l; risk ratio (RR): 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–1.00] and more likely to have illness symptoms (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.46) and elevated basophils (RR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03–3.25). No other immune cell proportions differed by delivery type. The results suggest that differences in the perinatal exposures accompanying caesarean delivery may alter immune development and function, particularly in the inflammatory response to infection and in cells involved in the allergic response, across infancy and early childhood. Understanding the pathways linking perinatal exposures to immune development is important for preventing the development of inflammatory conditions.
Quantifying the Correlation Between Mobile Continents and Elevated Temperatures in the Subcontinental Mantle
Authors: Jain C. , Rozel A. B. , Tackley P. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContinents influence the mantle's convective wavelength and the heat flow escaping from the planet's surface. Over the last few decades, many numerical and analytical studies have contributed to the debate about whether the continents can warm up the subcontinental mantle or not and if they do, then to what extent? However, a consensus regarding the exact nature and magnitude of this correlation between continents and elevated temperatures in the subcontinental mantle remains to be achieved. By conducting a systematic parameter study using 2‐D global mantle convection simulations with mobile continents, we provide qualitative and quantitative observations on the nature of this correlation. In our incompressible and compressible convection models, we observe the general processes of downwellings bringing cold material into the mantle along continental margins and a subsequent buildup of warm thermal anomalies underneath the continents. We compute the amplitude and degree of this correlation using spectral decomposition of the temperature and composition fields. The dominant degree of correlation evolves with time and changes with continental configuration. Using simple empirical fits, we observe that this correlation decreases with increasing core temperature, number of continents, internal heating, or decreasing reference viscosity. We also report simple regressions of the time dependence of this correlation. Additionally, we show that decompression melting as a result of a mantle upwelling or small‐scale sublithospheric convection leads to voluminous volcanism. The emplacement of this dense basalt‐eclogite material breaks the continents apart and destroys the correlation.