bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an STSMO‐based estimator for power control of rotor‐tied DFIG systems
Authors: Mbukani Mwana Wa Kalaga , Gule Nkosinathi 
Published: April 2019

In this study, a sensorless vector control strategy of a rotor‐tied doubly fed induction generator (RDFIG) system based on the association of the phase‐locked loop (PLL) estimator and the super‐twisting sliding mode observer (STSMO) is proposed and analysed. The proposed sensorless control strategy utilises the stator current and the back‐electromotive force (EMF) as state variables. The advantage of the proposed sensorless control strategy is that the estimation process is conducted before the machine is connected to the grid. The slip angle/speed is extracted from the estimated back‐EMF space vector by using a PLL. The parameters of the STSMO are selected such that the Lyapunov stability criteria are fulfilled and that fast response is achieved. The robustness of the proposed position/speed sensorless control strategy is validated through steady state and dynamic experimental measurements on a 5.5 kW custom‐designed grid‐connected mode RDFIG test bench based on a National Instruments PXIe‐8115 controller.
Skala zur Erfassung von Anspannungszuständen bei Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung: SEAGB-Fragebogen
Authors: Pelzer Esther A. , Hahn Julika , Hesse Johanna , Loch Annabelle , Vollmer Noelle , Eirund Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Anspannungszustände beeinflussen unter allen Faktoren am stärksten die individuelle Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit Intelligenzminderung und das Zusammenleben in Wohngruppen. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, eine Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsskala zu entwickeln, welche eine Objektivierung des Therapieeffekts zulässt, unabhängig von der angewandten Therapie (wie z. B. medikamentös, psychotherapeutisch, sozial-pädagogisch).
Methoden Eingeschlossen in die Studie wurden 150 pädagogische Mitarbeiter. Diese wurden aufgefordert, 20 Begriffe zu benennen, welche Anspannung definieren. Aus der Liste der gesammelten Worte wurden von zwei unabhängigen Bewertern (neuro-psychiatrischer Oberarzt, Germanist) Subgruppen definiert, zu denen die einzelnen Begriffe zugeordnet werden konnten.
Ergebnisse Von den 150 ausgehändigten Fragebögen gab es lediglich 40 Rückläufer mit 680 resultierenden Wörtern, von denen bei Bewerter A 31 Wörter und bei Bewerter B 30 Wörter ausgeschlossen werden mussten, da diese nicht korrekt Anspannungszustände definierten. Aus den restlichen Wörtern konnten 13 Kategorien entwickelt werden, welche Anspannung definieren, jedoch wurden Subgruppen, welche weniger als 15 Begriffe erfassten zur Entwicklung des SEAGB-Fragebogens ausgeschlossen. Daher wurden entsprechend 8 Subgruppen für die Erstellung des Fragebogens verwendet.
Diese lauteten selbstverletzendes Verhalten, Fremdaggression, Verbalaggression, Rückzug, (motorische) Unruhe, autonome Veränderungen, Gefühle, Verhaltensänderungen. Für eine Fremdbeurteilung wurden die Fragen in einer dreistufigen Likertskala ( -1 = nein , 0 = weiß nicht, +1 = ja ) abgefragt, für die Selbstbeurteilung wurde ebenfalls eine solche dreistufige Likertskala eingeführt, wobei die Antwortmöglichkeiten mit Symbolen visuell verdeutlicht wurden.
Schlussfolgerung Die Entwicklung eines standardisierten Messinstruments zur Erfassung von Anspannungszuständen ist notwendig, um diese hinsichtlich des Schweregrads und einem Ansprechen auf Therapien zu objektivieren. Nur so können langfristig Therapien zur Anspannungsreduktion optimal individuell auf den Patienten angepasst werden. Gleichfalls bedarf es personeller sowie struktureller Anpassungen in der stationären Behindertenhilfe, um Anspannungszustände zu reduzieren oder gar ganz zu vermeiden.
Berufsgruppen- und altersabhängige Unterschiede in der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit durch Varizen der unteren Extremitäten
Authors: Brendler Claudia , Liebers Falk , Müller-Nordhorn Jacqueline , Latza Ute 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Zielsetzung Arbeitsunfähigkeit (AU) durch Venenerkrankungen
ist relativ häufig. Sie ist bei Erwerbstätigen abhängig von der beruflichen
Tätigkeit. Es soll geklärt werden, ob berufsspezifische Unterschiede im
Auftreten von AU-Ereignissen aufgrund der ICD 10-Diagnose „Varizen der unteren
Extremitäten“ zudem abhängig vom Lebensalter sind.
Methodik Die Untersuchung basiert auf einer Sekundärdatenanalyse von
AU-Daten fast aller gesetzlichen Krankenkassen Deutschlands des Jahres 2008. Es
liegen geschlechtsstratifizierte, aggregierte Daten von 26,2 Mio. gesetzlich
pflichtversicherten Erwerbstätigen vor. Berechnet werden AU-Fallzahlen
stratifiziert nach Geschlecht und Alter sowie indirekt standardisierte
Morbiditätsratios für das Auftreten von AU-Fällen nach Alter und Berufsgruppen
stratifiziert.
Ergebnis Beschäftigte in Produktionsberufen mit geringem und mittlerem
Qualifikationsniveau sind aufgrund von Varizen besonders häufig arbeitsunfähig.
In beiden Geschlechtern treten in allen Altersgruppen mindestens anderthalbmal
so viele AU-Fälle wie bei qualifizierten kaufmännischen und Verwaltungsberufen
(Referenzgruppe) auf. In der Altersgruppe der 35- bis 44-Jährigen sind
Beschäftigte in gering qualifizierten Verwaltungsberufen ebenfalls anderthalbmal
häufiger arbeitsunfähig als in der Referenzgruppe. Variationen der Effekte über
das Lebensalter sind nachweisbar.
Diskussion/Zusammenfassung Da in Zukunft mehr ältere Erwerbstätige zu
erwarten sind (Verschiebung des Rentenalters, bessere medizinische Versorgung,
Erhöhung des Anteils der Erwerbstätigkeit bei Älteren), sollte die Prävention im
Betrieb (z. B. im Rahmen der arbeitsmedizinischen Vorsorge) verstärkt werden.
Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt sollte in Produktionsberufen sowie grundsätzlich in
Berufen mit geringer Qualifikation liegen.
Association of High Serum Uric Acid and Increased Arterial Stiffness is Dependent on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Female Population
Authors: Yuan Yin , Huang Feng , Lin Fan , Lin Min , Zhu Pengli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn elevated serum uric acid (SUA) level is closely associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, whether this association is independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors is controversial. This study aimed to investigate whether SUA is independently associated with arterial stiffness as assessed by Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and to what extent this association is dependent on cardiovascular risk factors. Increased arterial stiffness was defined as baPWV>1 400 cm/s. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and a BMI≥24.0 kg/m2. A total of 3 342 subjects (1 334 men and 2008 women, mean age 53.79±13.18 years) were included. SUA levels exhibited a graded elevation with an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors. In female subjects with more than two cardiovascular risk factors, compared with the first quartile of SUA, higher SUA quartiles were associated with a higher probability of increased baPWV (OR=1.500, 1.478, 1.774 for SUA Q2–Q4). In further stratified association analysis, compared with Q1, SUA quartiles showed a graded association with increased baPWV in subjects with TC≥5.2 mmol/l (OR=1.758, 1.942, 2.354 for Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively), LDL-C≥3.3 mmol/l (OR=1.510, 2.255 for Q3 and Q4) and FBG≥7.0 mmol/l (OR=1.516, 1.748 for Q3 and Q4). In the Chinese coastal female population, the association of high SUA and increased arterial stiffness is dependent on the coexistence of at least one cardiovascular risk factor, especially hypercholesterolemia.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of α,ω-Diynes and Selenocyanates: An Entry to Selenopyridine Derivatives
Authors: Tran Christine , Haddad Mansour , Ratovelomanana-Vidal Virginie 
Published: April 2019

A novel synthetic method for the preparation of selenopyridine derivatives, involving a [2+2+2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and selenocyanates that is catalyzed by a ruthenium complex is described. This mild and straightforward reaction allows access to a wide range of selenopyridines with high yields and excellent regioselectivities, using dichloromethane or dichloroethane as solvents, at either 50 or 80 °C. Post-functionalization of halogenated cycloadducts via cyanation using copper and SNAr reaction provides substituted selenopyridines with good yields.
Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylide: A New Vinyl Carbenoid Transfer Reagent for the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Vaitla Janakiram , Bayer Annette , Hopmann Kathrin H. 
Published: April 2019

Sulfoxonium ylides have recently gained prominence as safe carbenoid precursors in metal-catalyzed reactions. The stability and reactivity of sulfoxonium ylides depend on the substitution of the ylide carbon. The reactivity of vinyl-substituted sulfoxonium ylides is different and offers several advantages over known stabilized sulfoxonium ylides in the case of carbenoid transfer reactions. Herein, we provide an overview of early efforts in this area, with particular emphasis on our own recent development of sulfoxonium ylide-derived vinyl carbenoid transformations for N-Heterocycles.1	Introduction2	Classification of Sulfoxonium Ylides3	Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides4	[3+2] Annulation of Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides5	[4+1] Annulation of Vinyl Sulfoxonium Ylides6	Conclusion
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 1,4-Dihydro-2H,5H-chromeno[4,3-d][1,3]oxazin-5-ones, and Derivatives Containing Tethered 1,2,3-Triazoles, from 4-Aminocoumarins
Authors: Dilelio Marina C. , Brites Nathan P. , Vieira Larissa A. , Iglesias Bernardo A. , Kaufman Teodoro S. , Silveira Claudio C. 
Published: April 2019

A facile protocol for the unprecedented one-pot H2SO4-mediated hydroxymethylation/cyclative N,O-acetalization of 4-aminocoumarins to 1,4-dihydro-2H,5H-chromeno[4,3-d][1,3]oxazin-5-ones, in moderate to good yields, was developed and optimized. The scope and limitations of the transformation, which takes place in water or water/THF mixtures, were also studied. The nitrogen atom of the resulting tricycles was used to tether alkyl, aryl and 1,2,3-triazolylmethyl moieties, employing a two-step click chemistry approach for the latter. The photophysical properties of the heterocycles, as well as of their 1,2,3-triazole derivatives, were also examined. The N-aryl derivatives exhibited high quantum yields of fluorescence (up to Φf = 0.69) and very large Stokes shifts (up to 201 nm).
Regenerative therapy based on miRNA-302 mimics for enhancing host recovery from pneumonia caused by
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Yong , Zhang Peggy , Baker Sandy T. , Wolfson Marla R. , Weiser Jeffrey N. , Tian Ying , Shen Hao 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Our results provide an example of reactivation of a signaling pathway important in embryogenesis that can be exploited to promote tissue repair and help host recovery from bacterial pneumonia. Although this approach of regenerative medicine will not curtail infection per se, it reduces suffering and shortens recovery time by fostering tissue repair, thus complementing antibiotic treatment and improving patient outcomes from serious infections. Our findings open up a frontier in the treatment of microbial infections using microRNA-based regenerative therapy.
Bounding the average gate fidelity of composite channels using the unitarity
Authors: Carignan-Dugas Arnaud , Wallman Joel J , Emerson Joseph 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
There is currently a significant need for robust and efficient methods for characterizing quantum devices. While there has been significant progress in this direction, there remains a crucial need to precisely determine the strength and type of errors on individual gate operations, in order to assess and improve control as well as reliably bound the total error in a quantum circuit given some partial information about the errors on the components. In this work, we first provide an optimal bound on the total fidelity of a circuit in terms of component fidelities, which can be efficiently experimentally estimated via randomized benchmarking (RB). We then derive a tighter bound that applies under additional information about the coherence of the error, namely, the unitarity, which can also be estimated via a related experimental protocol. This improved bound smoothly interpolates between the worst-case quadratic and best-case linear scaling for composite error channels. As an application we show how our analysis substantially improves the achievable precision on estimates of the infidelities of individual gates under interleaved RB, enabling greater precision for current experimental methods to assess and tune-up control over quantum gate operations.
Relativistic short-pulse high harmonic generation at 1.3 and 2.1 μm wavelengths
Authors: Beier N , Nguyen T , Lin J , Nees J , Krushelnick K , Dollar F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
While nearly all investigations of high order harmonic generation with relativistically intense laser pulses have taken place at 800 or 1053 nm, very few experimental studies have been done at other wavelengths. In this study, we investigate the scaling of relativistic high harmonic generation towards longer wavelengths at intensities of a
0 ∼ 1. Longer driver wavelengths enable enhanced diagnostics of the harmonic emission, as multiple orders lie in the optical regime. We measure the conversion efficiency by collecting the entire harmonic emission as well as the divergence through direct imaging. We compare the emission with 2D particle-in-cell simulations to determine the experimental target conditions. This new regime of high order harmonic generation also enables relativistic scaling as well as improved discrimination of harmonic generation mechanisms.
Contact transparency in mechanically assembled 2D material devices
Authors: Mills Scott , Mizuno Naomi , Wang Peng , Lyu Jian , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Camino Fernando , Zhang Liyuan , Du Xu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional atomic crystals (2DACs) can be mechanically assembled with precision for the fabrication of heterostructures, allowing for the combination of material building blocks with great flexibility. In addition, while conventional nanolithography can be detrimental to most of the 2DACs which are not sufficiently inert, mechanical assembly potentially minimizes the nanofabrication processing and preserves the intrinsic physical properties of the 2DACs. In this work we study the interfacial charge transport between various 2DACs and electrical contacts, by fabricating and characterizing 2DAC-superconductor junctions through mechanical transfer. Compared to devices fabricated with conventional nanolithography, mechanically assembled devices show comparable or better interface transparency. Surface roughness at the electrical contacts is identified to be a major limitation to the interface quality.
Remarks on a fractional-time stochastic equation
Authors: Foondun Mohammud 
Published: April 2019

We consider a class of a fractional-time stochastic equation defined on a bounded domain and show that the presence of the time derivative induces a significant change in the qualitative behaviour of the solutions. This is in sharp contrast with the phenomenon showcased in [ALEA Lat. Am. J. Probab. Math. Stat. 12 (2015), pp. 551–571] and extented in [Stochastic Process Appl. 126 (2016), pp. 1184–1205] and [Electron. Commun. Probab. 23 (2018)]. We also show that as one tunes off the fractional in the fractional time derivative, the solution behaves more and more like its usual counterpart.
Adult-Life Alcohol Consumption and Age-Related Cognitive Decline from Early Adulthood to Late Midlife
Authors: Grønkjær Marie , Flensborg-Madsen Trine , Osler Merete , Sørensen Holger J , Becker Ulrik , Mortensen Erik L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Aims
Alcohol consumption is a modifiable and plausible risk factor for age-related cognitive decline but more longitudinal studies investigating the association are needed. Our aims were to estimate associations of adult-life alcohol consumption and consumption patterns with age-related cognitive decline.

Methods
We investigated the associations of self-reported adult-life weekly alcohol consumption and weekly extreme binge drinking (≥10 units on the same occasion) with changes in test scores on an identical validated test of intelligence completed in early adulthood and late midlife in 2498 Danish men from the Lifestyle and Cognition Follow-up study 2015. Analyses were adjusted for year of birth, retest interval, baseline IQ, education and smoking.

Results
Men with adult-life alcohol consumption of more than 28 units/week had a larger decline in IQ scores from early adulthood to late midlife than men consuming 1–14 units/week (B29–35units/week = −3.6; P < 0.001). Likewise, a 1-year increase in weekly extreme binge drinking was associated with a 0.12-point decline in IQ scores (P < 0.001). Weekly extreme binge drinking explained more variance in IQ changes than average weekly consumption. In analyses including mutual adjustment of weekly extreme binge drinking and average weekly alcohol consumption, the estimated IQ decline associated with extreme binge drinking was largely unaffected, whereas the association with weekly alcohol consumption became non-significant.

Conclusions
Adult-life heavy alcohol consumption and extreme binge drinking appear to be associated with larger cognitive decline in men. Moreover, extreme binge drinking may be more important than weekly alcohol consumption in relation to cognitive decline.
International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature (ICPN) 2.0
Authors:   International Committee for Phytolith Taxonomy (ICPT), Neumann Katharina , Strömberg Caroline A E , Ball Terry , Albert Rosa Maria , Vrydaghs Luc , Cummings Linda Scott 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Opal phytoliths (microscopic silica bodies produced in and between the cells of many plants) are a very resilient, often preserved type of plant microfossil. With the exponentially growing number of phytolith studies, standardization of phytolith morphotype names and description is essential. As a first effort in standardization, the International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0 was published by the ICPN Working Group in Annals of Botany in 2005. A decade of use of the code has prompted the need to revise, update, expand and improve it.

Scope
ICPN 2.0 formulates the principles recommended for naming and describing phytolith morphotypes. According to these principles, it presents the revised names, diagnosis, images and drawings of the morphotypes that were included in ICPN 1.0, plus three others. These 19 morphotypes are those most commonly encountered in phytolith assemblages from modern and fossil soils, sediments and archaeological deposits. An illustrated glossary of common terms for description is also provided.
Evolution of biosequence search algorithms: a brief survey
Authors: Kucherov Gregory 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMotivationAlthough modern high-throughput biomolecular technologies produce various types of data, biosequence data remain at the core of bioinformatic analyses. However, computational techniques for dealing with this data evolved dramatically.ResultsIn this bird’s-eye review, we overview the evolution of main algorithmic techniques for comparing and searching biological sequences. We highlight key algorithmic ideas emerged in response to several interconnected factors: shifts of biological analytical paradigm, advent of new sequencing technologies and a substantial increase in size of the available data. We discuss the expansion of alignment-free techniques coming to replace alignment-based algorithms in large-scale analyses. We further emphasize recently emerged and growing applications of sketching methods which support comparison of massive datasets, such as metagenomics samples. Finally, we focus on the transition to population genomics and outline associated algorithmic challenges.
A scale-dependent ‘functional’ assessment of the concept of endemism
Authors: Amori Giovanni , Luiselli Luca 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhether a species can be defined as ‘endemic’ or not is very controversial in theoretical terms, because the concepts of ‘endemism’ and ‘area of endemism’ remain much debated among scientists. We propose that it is necessary to consider the body size scale of an organism and the breadth of its distributional range if we want to define a given species as ‘endemic’ or not. Thus, for instance, Madagascar can be an appropriate area of endemism for animals as large and vagile as the fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), but it is much too large to be considered an ecologically appropriate ‘area of endemism’ for small-sized frogs with limited dispersal abilities. Instead, for these small species it is ecologically more appropriate to consider given forest regions within Madagascar as ‘areas of endemism’. Therefore, we propose a five-step approach in order to define whether a given species can be considered endemic or not within a set of potential candidate species, and we offer a suite of practical examples (African squirrels, African Artiodactyla and a family of freshwater turtles from the Americas) to elucidate the designated concept. We define the new concept presented herein as ‘scale-dependent functional endemism’. The new concept has the benefits of including the ‘ecological characteristics’ of the target species in the concept of ‘endemism’ and being easily repeated, because it is based on rather objective criteria.
Altered inhibitory synapses in de novo GABRA5 and GABRA1 mutations associated with early onset epileptic encephalopathies
Authors: Hernandez Ciria C , XiangWei Wenshu , Hu Ningning , Shen Dingding , Shen Wangzhen , Lagrange Andre H , Zhang Yujia , Dai Lifang , Ding Changhong , Sun Zhaohui , Hu Jiasheng , Zhu Hongmin , Jiang Yuwu , Macdonald Robert L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We performed next generation sequencing on 1696 patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability using a gene panel with 480 epilepsy-related genes including all GABAA receptor subunit genes (GABRs), and we identified six de novo GABR mutations, two novel GABRA5 mutations (c.880G>T, p.V294F and c.1238C>T, p.S413F), two novel GABRA1 mutations (c.778C>T, p.P260S and c.887T>C, p.L296S/c.944G>T, p.W315L) and two known GABRA1 mutations (c.335G>A, p.R112Q and c.343A>G, p.N115D) in six patients with intractable early onset epileptic encephalopathy. The α5(V294F and S413F) and α1(P260S and L296S/W315L) subunit residue substitutions were all in transmembrane domains, while the α1(R112Q and N115R) subunit residue substitutions were in the N-terminal GABA binding domain. Using multidisciplinary approaches, we compared effects of mutant GABAA receptor α5 and α1 subunits on the properties of recombinant α5β3γ2 and α1β3γ2 GABAA receptors in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and characterized their effects on receptor clustering, biogenesis and channel function. GABAA receptors containing mutant α5 and α1 subunits all had reduced cell surface and total cell expression with altered endoplasmic reticulum processing, impaired synaptic clustering, reduced GABAA receptor function and decreased GABA binding potency. Our study identified GABRA5 as a causative gene for early onset epileptic encephalopathy and expands the mutant GABRA1 phenotypic spectrum, supporting growing evidence that defects in GABAergic neurotransmission contribute to early onset epileptic encephalopathy phenotypes.