bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain physiology during photoperiod-related caste determination in the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes jokahamae
Authors: Sasaki Ken , Yoshimura Hideto , Yokoi Kakeru 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAdult females of the primitively eusocial wasp Polistes jokahamae can change caste in response to photoperiod length. Short-day photoperiod females store more lipids but have less developed ovaries for hibernation (becoming gynes), whereas long-day photoperiod females have fewer lipid stores but more developed ovaries under queenless conditions (becoming egg-laying workers). To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying photoperiod-related caste determination, analyses of gene expression levels in the brains of short- or long-day females were performed. Results suggest that short-day females may exhibit higher expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism, insulin signaling, and nutrition, including the digestion of sugars and lipids, and production of royal jelly proteins. Oral administration of tryptophan resulted in a positive correlation between tryptophan levels in the brain and lipid stores in the abdomen, suggesting that tryptophan promotes lipid storage in gynes. Long-day females showed enhanced expression of genes involved in tyramine/dopamine syntheses, epidermal growth factor receptor, insulin degradation, and oogenesis. In these females, tyramine administration increased the brain levels of tyramine and dopamine, and activated initial ovarian development under queenless conditions. Together, these results indicate that photoperiod-related caste determination in P. jokahamae may involve gene expression pathways similar to those involved in caste determination during the preimaginal stage in other Polistes species.
Surface areas and adsorption energies of biochars estimated from nitrogen and water vapour adsorption isotherms
Authors: Skic Kamil , Adamczuk Agnieszka , Gryta Angelika , Boguta Patrycja , Tóth Tibor , Jozefaciuk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNitrogen adsorption isotherms, along with the BET model for interpretation, are recommended for estimating biochar surface area. The frequently measured small surface areas of biochars contrast with their high sorption and cation exchange capacities. We hypothesised that water adsorption provides a better tool for estimating the surface area of biochars. Although adsorption energy also appears to be a valuable surface characteristic, there is a lack of studies on this subject. We studied the surface areas and adsorption energies of three waste deposits – peat, willow dust and biochar prepared from these materials at different temperatures – using nitrogen and water vapour adsorption isotherms. The BET model accurately described all water vapour adsorption isotherms but failed for some nitrogen isotherms. Alternative methods for estimating surface areas and adsorption energies were proposed in cases where the BET model did not apply. Nitrogen adsorption was typically much lower than water vapour adsorption, and the estimated surface areas reflected this. However, nitrogen adsorption energies were significantly higher. Nitrogen surface areas increased with pyrolysis temperature, while water vapour surface areas decreased. The surface area estimated from nitrogen adsorption was generally much lower than needed to accommodate the surface-charged groups responsible for the cation exchange capacity of biochars.
Old-growth beech forests in Germany as cool islands in a warming landscape
Authors: Adhikari Yojana , Bachstein Nadine , Gohr Charlotte , Blumröder Jeanette S. , Meier Caroline , Ibisch Pierre L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe climate crisis seriously threatens Central European forests and their ecosystem functions. There are indications that old-growth forests are relatively resilient and efficient in micro-climatic regulation during extreme climatic conditions. This study evaluates five well-protected old beech forests in Germany, part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We examined temperature dynamics and vitality in core, buffer, and border zones during hot days from 2017 to 2023, using Landsat 8 and 9 imageries to assess Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), alongside on-site Air Temperature (AT) measurements. Our findings reveal that all five forests were impacted by recent extreme heat events, with core zones remaining cooler and more vital, followed by buffer zones. Temperature-regulating patterns varied with landscape characteristics and the surrounding matrixes. We observed a site-dependent cooling effect of the forest interior that increased with higher LST. Our study highlights the value of old-growth forests and recommends increasing effective protection around mature forests, establishing corridors between isolated patches, and creating mosaics in managed landscapes that include unmanaged areas capable of developing into old-growth ecosystems.
COP5/HKR1 changes ciliary beat pattern and biases cell steering during chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Strain Alexis , Kratzberg Nathan , Vu Dan , Miller Emmaline , Wakabayashi Ken-ichi , Melvin Adam , Kato Naohiro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the control of ciliary beat patterns during ammonium chemotaxis in the model ciliate microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Screening the chemotaxis response of mutant strains with ciliary defects revealed that a strain lacking CAV2, the alpha subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel, is deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. CAV2 regulates the switching of the ciliary beat pattern from the asymmetric to the symmetric waveform. Strains lacking COP5/HKR1 (chlamyopsin 5/histidine kinase rhodopsin 1) are also deficient in ammonium chemotaxis. Conversely, strains defective in phototaxis perform ammonium chemotaxis normally. Cell motility analysis revealed wild-type cells reduce the incidences of switching the ciliary beat pattern from the asymmetric to symmetric waveform when swimming up the ammonium gradient. In contrast, the COP5/HKR1 disrupted strain does not bias ciliary beat pattern switching in the gradient. This finding reveals that COP5/HKR1 plays a critical role in Chlamydomonas chemotaxis signaling transduction, similarly to animal chemotaxis. On the other hand, ciliary beat pattern switching induces randomized directional changes, analogous to run-and-tumble chemotaxis of bacteria and archaea. This study reveals that Chlamydomonas signaling transduction is similar to the eukaryotic mechanism, yet the cellular locomotion follows the bacteria and archaea mechanism.
Electrically induced insulator-to-metal transition in InP-based ion-gated transistor
Authors: Shimizu Sunao , Shioya Hiroki , Hatano Takafumi , Miwa Kazumoto , Oiwa Akira , Ono Shimpei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the growing awareness of energy savings and consumption for a sustainable ecosystem, the concept of iontronics, that is, controlling electronic devices with ions, has become critically important. Composite devices made of ions and solid materials have been investigated for diverse applications, ranging from energy storage to power generation, memory, biomimetics, and neuromorphic devices. In these studies, three terminal transistor configurations with liquid electrolytes have often been utilized because of their simple device structures and relatively easy fabrication processes. To date, oxide semiconductors and layered materials have mainly been used as active materials. However, inorganic compound semiconductors, which have a long history of basic and applied research, hardly function as channel materials in ion-gated transistors, partly because of the Schottky barrier at the electrode interface. Herein, we show that a typical group III–V compound semiconductor, InP, is available as a high-performance channel for ion-gated transistors with an on/off current ratio of ≈ 105 and a subthreshold swing as small as 93 mV/dec at room temperature. We fabricated AuGe/Ni contact electrodes via annealing to obtain the Ohmic contacts over a wide temperature range. The electrical resistance of InP was drastically decreased by the ionic liquid gating, which led to an electrically induced insulator-to-metal transition. Bulk compound semiconductors are well characterized and have relatively high carrier mobilities; thus, devices combined with electrolytes should prompt the development of iontronics research for novel device functionalities.
Characteristics and main controlling factors for the development of shale micro pore-fracture in Tiemulike Formation, Yining Basin
Authors: Feng Yangwei , Ren Yan , Sun Wei , Jiang Ting 
Published: December 2024

AbstractResearch on the type, size, structure, and other characteristics of shale micro pore-fracture and their genesis is one of the core index for Shale gas study. Based on systematically collected shale samples from outcrop profiles and well cores, the experiments of thin-section observation, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, whole-rock analysis, rock–eval pyrolysis and basin simulation analysis were performed to study the micro pore-fracture characteristics and its main controlling factors for the development of shale pores in Tiemulike Formation in Yining Basin. The results show that four types of micro pore-fractures were identified: organic hydrocarbon-generating micro pores, granular dissolved micro pores, intergranular micro pores, and micro-fracture. The development of micro pores in shales is influenced by the internal material composition of the shale reservoir and external temperature conditions. The high organic carbon content with a high degree of thermal evolution led to the development of numerous micro pores, and the main micro pores were produced by shrinking the hydrocarbon generation volume due to the thermal evolution of organic matter. The development of micro-fractures was found to be favoured by the high content of brittle minerals and overpressure in the formation.
Prediction of potential occurrence of historical objects with defensive function in Slovakia using machine learning approach
Authors: Vojteková Jana , Janizadeh Saeid , Vojtek Matej , Tirpáková Anna , Ruttkay Matej , Petrovič František 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this article, we aim at the prediction of possible locations of already defunct historical objects with a defensive function (HODFs) in Slovakia, which have not been found and documented so far, using three machine learning methods. Specifically, we used the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest algorithms, which were trained based on the following five factors influencing the possible occurrence of HODFs: elevation, distance from a river, distance from a settlement, lithological rock type, and type of representative geoecosystems. Training and testing datasets were based on a database of already documented 605 HODFs, which were divided into 70% of training samples and 30% of testing samples. All of the three models reached the AUC-ROC value over 0.74 based on the testing dataset. The best performance was recorded by the random forest predictive model with the AUC-ROC value equal to 0.79. The results of the random forest model were also validated with the recently documented HODFs via the archeological research.
Links Between Early Prelinguistic Communication and Later Expressive Language in Toddlers With Autistic and Non-Autistic Siblings
Authors: Markfeld Jennifer E. , Kiemel Zoë , Santapuram Pooja , Bordman Samantha L. , Pulliam Grace , Clark S. Madison , Hampton Lauren H. , Keçeli-Kaysili Bahar , Feldman Jacob I. , Woynaroski Tiffany G. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
The present study explored the extent to which early prelinguistic communication skills predict expressive language in toddlers with autistic siblings (Sibs-autism), who are known to be at high likelihood for autism and language disorder, and a comparison group of toddlers with non-autistic older siblings (Sibs-NA).

Method:
Participants were 51 toddlers (29 Sibs-autism, 22 Sibs-NA) aged 12–18 months at the first time point in the study (Time 1). Toddlers were seen again 9 months later (Time 2). Three prelinguistic communication skills (i.e., intentional communication, vocalization complexity, and responding to joint attention) were measured at Time 1 via the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile–Behavior Sample. An expressive language aggregate was calculated for each participant at Time 2. A series of correlation and multiple regression models was run to evaluate associations of interest between prelinguistic communication skills as measured at Time 1 and expressive language as measured at Time 2.

Results:
Vocalization complexity and intentional communication displayed significant zero-order correlations with expressive language across sibling groups. Vocal complexity and responding to joint attention did not have significant added value in predicting later expressive language, after covarying for intentional communication across groups. However, sibling group moderated the association between vocalization complexity and later expressive language, such that vocal complexity displayed incremental validity for predicting later expressive language, covarying for intentional communication, only within Sibs-NA.

Conclusions:
Results indicate that prelinguistic communication skills, in particular intentional communication, show promise for predicting later expressive language in siblings of autistic children. These findings provide additional empirical support for the notion that early preemptive interventions targeting prelinguistic communication skills, especially intentional communication, may have the potential to scaffold language acquisition and support more optimal language outcomes in this population at high likelihood for a future diagnosis of both autism and language disorder.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27745437
A new pathway to SO2
Authors: de Gruijter Wiebe , Tsai Shang-Min , Min Michiel , Waters Rens , Konings Thomas , Decin Leen 
Published: December 2024

Context. Photochemistry is a key process that drives planetary atmospheres away from local thermodynamic equilibrium. Recent observations of the H2 dominated atmospheres of hot gas giants have detected SO2 as one of the major products of this process.
Aims. We investigated which chemical pathways lead to the formation of SO2 in an atmosphere, and we investigated which part of the flux from the host star is necessary to initiate SO2 production.
Methods. We used the publicly available S–N–C–H–O photochemical network in the VULCAN chemical kinetics code to compute the disequilibrium chemistry of an exoplanetary atmosphere.
Results. We find that there are two distinct chemical pathways that lead to the formation of SO2. The formation of SO2 at higher pressures is initiated by stellar flux >200 nm, whereas the formation of SO2 at lower pressures is initiated by stellar flux <200 nm. In deeper layers of the atmosphere, OH is provided by the hydrogen abstraction of H2O, and sulfur is provided by the photodissociation of SH and S2, which leads to a positive feedback cycle that liberates sulfur from the stable H2S molecule. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, OH is provided by the photodissociation of H2O, and sulfur can be liberated from H2S either by the photodissociation of SH and S2, or by the hydrogen abstraction of SH.
Conclusions. We conclude that the stellar flux in the 200–350 nm wavelength range as well as the ratio of near-UV to UV radiation are important parameters determining the observability of SO2. In addition, we find that there is a diversity of chemical pathways to the formation of SO2. This is crucial for the interpretation of SO2 detections and derived elemental abundance ratios, and for overall metallicities.
Evolving massive stars to core collapse with GENEC: Extension of equation of state, opacities and effective nuclear network
Authors: Griffiths Adam , Aloy Miguel-Á. , Hirschi Raphael , Reichert Moritz , Obergaulinger Martin , Whitehead Emily E. , Martinet Sebastien , Sciarini Luca , Ekström Sylvia , Meynet Georges 
Published: December 2024

Context. Stars with initial mass above roughly 8 M⊙ will evolve to form a core made of iron group elements, at which point no further exothermic nuclear reactions between charged nuclei may prevent the core collapse. Electron capture, neutrino losses, and the photo-disintegration of heavy nuclei trigger the collapse of these stars. Models at the brink of core collapse are produced using stellar evolution codes, and these pre-collapse models may be used in the study of the subsequent dynamical evolution (including their explosion as supernovae and the formation of compact remnants such as neutron stars or black holes).
Aims. We upgraded the physical ingredients employed by the GENeva stellar Evolution Code, GENEC, so that it covers the regime of high-temperatures and high-densities required to produce the progenitors of core-collapse. Our ultimate goal is producing pre-supernova models with GENEC, not only right before collapse, but also during the late phases (silicon and oxygen burning).
Methods. We have improved GENEC in three directions: equation of state, the nuclear reaction network, and the radiative and conductive opacities adapted for the computation of the advanced phases of evolution. We produce a small grid of pre-supernova models of stars with zero age main sequence masses of 15 M⊙, 20 M⊙, and 25 M⊙ at solar and less than half solar metallicities. The results are compared with analogous models produced with the MESA code.
Results. The global properties of our new models, particularly of their inner cores, are comparable to models computed with MESA and pre-existing progenitors in the literature. Between codes the exact shell structure varies, and impacts explosion predictions.
Conclusions. Using GENEC with state-of-the-art physics, we have produced massive stellar progenitors prior to collapse. These progenitors are suitable for follow-up studies, including the dynamical collapse and supernova phases. Larger grids of supernova progenitors are now feasible, with the potential for further dynamical evolution.
Methylenblau – altbekannt und wiederentdeckt?
Authors: Bodmann-Peschke Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungMethylenblau (MB) ist in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen sowohl Pro- als auch
Antioxidans, es beeinflusst den mitochondrialen Elektronentransport und
verbessert den hämodynamischen Status. Bereits Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde
es in der Behandlung von Malaria und Psychosen eingesetzt. MB überwindet die
Blut-Hirn-Schranke und ist heute ein vielversprechender Kandidat für die
Therapie neurodegenerativer und psychischer Erkrankungen. Weitere Indikationen
für die orale oder intravenöse Verabreichung sind z. B. Methämoglobinämie,
Vasoplegisches Syndrom, Sepsis, Zyanidvergiftung und die Prävention
postoperativer Adhäsionen. In vitro zeigt MB antivirale Wirkung gegen H1N1 und
SARS-CoV-2. Bei Patienten mit G6PD-Mangel sowie bei SSRI-Einnahme ist ggf. mit
schweren Nebenwirkungen von MB zu rechnen. Reversible Neurotoxizität kann Folge
einer zu hohen Dosierung sein.
Prüfungsthema: Kinderheilkunde
Authors: Schmid Eva C. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryLiebe Heilpraktikeranwärterinnen, liebe Heilpraktikeranwärter – mit diesen Karteikarten wollen wir Sie bei der Vorbereitung auf die mündliche Heilpraktikerüberprüfung unterstützen. Viel Erfolg beim Lernen wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Kooperation, Kompetenz, Power
Authors: Piszczala Ingo 
Published: December 2024

SummaryKinder und Jugendliche sehen sich heute mit steigenden Anforderungen konfrontiert, insbesondere in den Bereichen Konfliktlösung, Kommunikation, Anpassung, Verantwortung, schulischer Druck, Selbstständigkeit und Digitalisierung. Kinder- und Schülercoaching kann bei Herausforderungen oder Problemen gezielt Hilfe leisten, unter anderem durch Gespräche und Übungen zur Stärkung von Selbstbewusstsein, Lösungskompetenz, emotionaler und sozialer Balance. In den zwei vorgestellten Fällen erreichten zwei Schüler mit jeweils erheblichen Anpassungsproblemen durch Coaching deutliche Fortschritte und konnten sich sozial besser verorten und integrieren.
Träum schön, Welt!
Authors: Vanheiden Manuela 
Published: December 2024

SummarySchlafstörungen – häufig in Zusammenhang mit familiärem Stress, Traumata oder missbräuchlicher Mediennutzung – nehmen bei Kindern zu (bis zu 40 % betroffen) und wirken sich über längere Zeiträume deutlich auf die geistige und körperliche Entwicklung aus. Man unterscheidet insbesondere zwischen Dyssomnie – Störung von Dauer, Qualität oder Zeitpunkt des Schlafens – und Parasomnie – Störungen während des Schlafes, zum Beispiel Alpträume, Nachtschreck, Bettnässen oder Schlafwandeln. Neben allgemeinen Maßnahmen im Bereich der Lebenshygiene eröffnet die Hypnosetherapie eine sanfte, ganzheitliche sowie direkt und nachhaltig wirksame Möglichkeit, mithilfe der Fantasie des Kindes zu den emotionalen und sozialen Ursachen, Vorgängen und Lösungen vorzudringen.
Genetik der oxidativen Stressbelastung der Mitochondrien
Authors: Kramer Michael , Gröber Uwe , Schütz Burkhard , Welt Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Bildung reaktiver Sauerstoffmetabolite ist ein natürlicher und
unausweichlicher Prozess in den Mitochondrien. Sie ist das Ergebnis von
Elektronenleckagen im Elektronentransport der Atmungskette. Dabei werden aus der
Atmungskette „abirrende“ Elektronen auf molekularen Sauerstoff übertragen, und
es entsteht das Superoxid-Anion (O2–, syn. Hyperoxid-Anion), ein
reaktiver Sauerstoffmetabolit. Wenn die Enzyme, die Superoxid abbauen und in
harmlose Metabolite umwandeln, durch genetische Variationen der beteiligten
Enzyme nur eine verminderte Funktion haben, ist die „Superoxid-Entgiftung“
beeinträchtigt, und weitere hochreaktive Sauerstoff- und Stickstoff-Metabolite
werden vermehrt gebildet, die mit der oxidativen und nitrosativen Schädigung
mitochondrialer Strukturen und mit pathogenen Prozessen in Verbindung gebracht
werden.