bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of the Pharmacovigilance department in the pharmaceutical industry: results of an Italian national survey
Authors: Stagi Lisa , Bocchi Ilenia , Bernardini Daniela , Ciappa Marika , Dellon Stefania , Castiglione Gian Nicola , Romano Silvia , Fabrizi Eros , Mattavelli Amanda , Grisoni Ilaria , Finizia Gabriella , Bonato Stefano 
Published: November 2024

Background: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other medicine/vaccine-related problem. Since its inception in the 1960s, PV has undergone continuous evolution, progressing from a basic level mainly focused on the collection and analysis of cases in its earliest years to a complex system regulated by rigorous standards and laws with modern PV. In recent years, PV has faced the challenge of adapting to rapid scientific advancements, the complexity of the pharma industry, and the digital revolution. To better understand the current state and future developments of PV within pharma companies, the PV working group “Ernesto Montagna” of the Italian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (SIMeF ETS) conducted a national survey in Italy. Objectives: The main objective of this survey was to explore the current state and future developments of PV within Pharmaceutical Companies in Italy. Design: This study was designed as a national survey targeting members of the Italian Society of Pharmaceutical Medicine (SIMeF ETS). Methods: The survey utilized computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) technology to collect data from SIMeF members across affiliate and corporate companies, aiming to explore expectations for PV. A simplified version of the questionnaire was also sent to members of the Clinical Research and Medical Affairs (RICMA) and Real-World Evidence working groups of SIMeF to gather input from RICMA professionals regarding the role of PV in pharma companies. Results: The survey revealed that PV in pharma companies is undergoing a transformation, with the potential for greater strategic alignment with business objectives and stakeholder focus. However, there is still room for improvement, particularly in terms of perception within other company departments. It is evident that PV’s evolution has only just begun. Conclusion: A critical factor in the evolution of PV is the adoption of a holistic and comprehensive approach to activities and processes. Scientific associations such as SIMeF can play a valuable role in cultivating new skills and capabilities among PV professionals, assisting, and supporting this change.
Short-term severe polyuria responsive to vasopressin after hypoglycaemia and hypotension in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Porcarelli Federica , Asorey Blazquez Carla , Valls Sanchez Ferran , Scarpante Elena , Stanzani Giacomo 
Published: November 2024

Case summary An 8-month-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a jejunal foreign body, which was removed via enterotomy. Preoperatively, the patient was hypoglycaemic and, intraoperatively, a dopamine infusion was required to maintain a mean arterial pressure >60 mmHg. Despite glucose supplementation, the cat remained severely hypoglycaemic on recovery. Within 24 h postoperatively, despite euglycaemia and normalisation of the cardiovascular status, the patient developed progressive polyuria (up to 14 ml/kg/h). This was associated with neurological signs suggestive of diffuse brain disease, and absence of azotaemia or signs of overhydration. During the first 4 days of hospitalisation, any attempts to decrease intravenous fluid therapy were associated with hypotension, weight loss and clinical dehydration. Urine specific gravity (USG) during this time was in the range of 1.005–1.010 and failed to increase during fluid challenges. A presumptive diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus was made, and desmopressin (1 µg/cat SC) was administered on day 5 of hospitalisation. Consequently, the cat’s urinary output decreased and his weight increased within 4 h. The patient required a total of four doses of desmopressin during hospitalisation, but no further doses since discharge. Urinary output on discharge was 3 ml/kg/h. Three months later, the cat’s neurological signs and polyuria had completely resolved, and the USG was >1.050. Relevance and novel information In this case, a presumptive diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus was supported by clinical progression, neurological signs and the response to desmopressin. To our knowledge, this is the first report of reversible diabetes insipidus after diffuse brain injury secondary to hypotension and hypoglycaemia.
Ultrasound-Guided Needling Combined With High- or Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Versus Needling Alone for Calcified Rotator Cuff: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Hairui , Wang Yaxiong , Yang Jingjing , Zhao Zhiyao , Zhang Wei , Liu Xiaoning 
Published: November 2024

Background: Rotator cuff calcific tendinitis is a common shoulder joint disorder. Nonsurgical treatment methods, including multiple needling and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), can effectively treat calcific tendinitis. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results and radiological outcomes of treatment with ultrasound-guided needling (UGN) alone versus UGN with high-energy ESWT (UGN-H) or UGN with low-energy ESWT (UGN-L) in patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Outpatient records for patients with calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were grouped into those treated with UGN-H, UGN-L, or controls with UGN alone. The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, Constant-Murley scores, and radiographic evaluation to assess calcification size were available before treatment and at 3, 6, and 12 months after the first treatment. Post event pairwise analysis to analyze score differences between treatment groups was used. Results: Overall, 130 patients were included for analysis (42 UGN-H, 44 UGN-L, and 44 with UGN alone). At 3 months, the VAS scores were UGN-H (4.13 ± 0.84; P < .001) and UGN-L (4.47 ± 1.01; P < .001) which were significantly better than UGN alone (5.35 ± 1.00) in terms of the VAS score; however, the difference was not significant between UGN-H and UGN-L. These differences persisted at months 6 and 12 (6 months: UGN-H, 2.66 ± 1.00; P < .001; UGN-L, 3.16 ± 1.05; P = .033; 12 months: UGN-H, 1.93 ± 0.43; P < .001; UGN-L, 2.04 ± 0.46; P < .001). The results of the ASES and Constant-Murley scores were similar to those of the VAS score. In terms of radiographic outcome, follow-up at months 3, 6, and 12 revealed that UGN-H and UGN-L were superior to UGN alone at removing calcification (median 95% CI; 3 months: UGN-H, 1.4 mm2 [1.08, 7.25 mm2); P = .002; UGN-L, 5.79 mm2 (1.17, 7.85 mm2]; P = .041; 6 months: UGN-H, 0.91 mm2 [0, 1.15 mm2); P < .001; UGN-L, 1.13 mm2 [0.84, 5.10 mm2]; P < .001; 12 months: UGN-H, 0 mm2 [0, 0 mm2]; P < .001; UGN-L, 0 mm2 (0, 4.33 mm2]; P = .023). There was no significant difference between UGN-H and UGN-L at the month 3 follow-up, but the month 6 and 12 follow-ups revealed that UGN-H was more effective at removing calcification compared with UGN-L. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that, for pain relief and recovery of shoulder joint function, UGN + ESWT was significantly superior to UGN alone. No significant difference was observed between different energy levels of ESWT. UGN + ESWT was significantly superior to UGN alone on radiographic evaluation. Furthermore, UGN-H performed better radiographically with reducing calcifications compared with UGN-L at 12 months.
Enhancing Dental Education: Impact of Remote Teaching on Dental Students’ Academic Performance in Orthodontics—A Pilot Study
Authors: Arponen Heidi , Rice David P. , Juuri Emma 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVE Remote teaching strategies have been widely adapted in recent years but their impact on dental students' learning outcomes is less well understood. The aim of this mixed-method pilot study was to examine the impact of remote teaching on undergraduate dental student's learning outcome as assessed by examination performance and student feedback in an orthodontics course. METHODS Out of the lectures (19 in total), 10 were delivered remotely (live online lecture or video recording) and 9 as traditional classroom teaching in 2023. The course examination, completed by 47 of the 48 course participants, consisted of 38 single best answer multiple choice questions with 2 questions dedicated to each lecture topic. RESULTS The average lecture attendance was 83% of the students enrolled in the course. Statistical analysis revealed no significant association between examination scores and the mode of teaching or the mandatory nature of the lecture ( rs = −0.022, p = .897 and rs = −0.048, p = .773, respectively). However, individual students’ examination scores correlated positively with the frequency of lecture attendance ( rs = 0.416, p = .004). Students’ preferences were in favor of blended learning approach, although notable individual differences in opinions were observed in the feedback received. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the hypothesis that remote teaching generates an equally good learning outcome in orthodontics as classroom lectures, as reflected by examination performance.
Clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: ALDhabaan Waleed , Ghulaysi Saleh , Alqahtani Albatool , Hurissi Eman , Alamri Manar M. , Alnami Almuhannad G. , Sumayli Ahmed H. , Dhamri Yahya A. , Mosleh Amani A. , Khawaji Ethar A. , Alshahrani Abdullah A. , Alfaifi Abdulsalam S. , Alghamdi Saja M. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Allergic conjunctivitis is a prevalent ocular condition characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva due to hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens. Understanding its epidemiology and clinical characteristics is crucial for effective management and public health interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, triggers, and associated factors of allergic conjunctivitis among residents of the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered through Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, including descriptive statistics and bivariable/multivariable analyses. Results: A total of 693 participants were recruited through convenience sampling via online platforms. Among the participants, 73.9% reported ocular symptoms, while 26.1% did not. Dust emerged as the most common trigger for ocular symptoms (32.9%), followed by eye drops/contact lenses (8.7%), animal dander (6.9%), and chemicals (5.8%). Notably, 39.7% reported experiencing ocular symptoms throughout the year. Despite the prevalence of ocular symptoms, only 26.7% consulted an ophthalmologist. Multivariable analysis revealed that gender and seasonal variation in symptoms were associated with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis. Females showed a lower odds ratio (OR) of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis compared to males (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29–1.31), and participants experiencing symptoms with no specific season had significantly lower odds of being diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.72). A history of allergic rhinitis demonstrated a strong positive association with allergic conjunctivitis diagnosis (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.83–7.75). Conclusion: The study highlights the considerable burden of allergic conjunctivitis and the underutilization of healthcare services among affected individuals in the Southern region of Saudi Arabia. Tailored interventions and increased awareness are essential for effective management and mitigation of allergic conjunctivitis’s impact on affected individuals and healthcare systems.
N6-methyladenosine and its epitranscriptomic effects on hematopoietic stem cell regulation and leukemogenesis
Authors: Chang Kao-Jung , Shiau Li-Yang , Lin Shiuan-Chen , Cheong Han-Ping , Wang Ching-Yun , Ma Chun , Liang Yan-Wen , Yang Yi-Ping , Ko Po-Shen , Hsu Chih-Hung , Chiou Shih-Hwa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification orchestrates cellular epitranscriptome through tuning the homeostasis of transcript stability, translation efficiency, and the transcript affinity toward RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). An aberrant m6A deposition on RNA can lead toward oncogenic expression profile (mRNA), impaired mitochondrial metabolism (mtRNA), and translational suppression (rRNA) of tumor suppressor genes. In addition, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), miRNAs, and α-ketoglutarate-centric metabolic transcripts are also regulated by the m6A epitranscriptome. Notably, recent studies had uncovered a myriad of m6A-modified transcripts the center of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation, in which m6A modification act as a context dependent switch to the on and off of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance, lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. In this review, we sequentially unfold the m6A mediated epithelial-to-hematopoietic transition in progenitor blood cell production, lymphocytic lineage expansion (T cells, B cells, NK cells, and non-NK ILCs), and the m6A crosstalk with the onco-metabolic prospects of leukemogenesis. Together, an encompassing body of evidence highlighted the emerging m6A significance in the regulation of HSC biology and leukemogenesis.
Space exposure test of hardwood specimens in the International Space Station
Authors: Murata Koji , Nakamura Masashi , Kariya Kenji , Tsuchiya Morio , Yamashiki Yosuke Alexandre , Doi Takao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo design a wooden satellite and select the appropriate wood species, we conducted a space exposure test of wood on the International Space Station (ISS). The space exposure test used the Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo” on the Exposed Experiment Bracket Attached on i-SEEP (ExBAS), which is connected to the exposed facility of the ISS. Three wood species considered candidates for the structure of a wooden satellite were used in the exposure test: honoki (Magnolia obovata), yamazakura (Cerasus jamasakura), and dakekanba (Betula ermanii). In the outgassing test conducted in preparation for the space exposure test, the collected volatile condensable materials (CVCM) of the three wood species were below the critical value; however, the total mass loss (TML) exceeded the critical value. However, this was not a problem, because most of the mass loss was due to water evaporation. A space exposure test was conducted for 10 months in 2022. Consequently, no change was observed in the weight of the exposed specimen, and no erosion due to atomic oxygen (AO) was observed. The exposure test was scheduled to be carried out in the forward direction of the ISS travel; however, owing to equipment trouble, it was installed in the opposite direction. This is because an insufficient AO flux collided with the specimen. In terms of wood color, the brightness of the three species decreased owing to space exposure, and saturation increased in two wood species, except for yamazakura. A thin-film layer was observed on the surface of the aluminum cover to which the exposed specimen was fixed, which may have also formed on the surface of the wood specimen, reducing its brightness. However, because the hue angle did not change significantly, only a slight deterioration of the surface layer owing to vacuum ultraviolet was observed. The results confirmed that the wood had hardly deteriorated in space for approximately 10 months.
Public perceptions of the Hippocratic Oath in the U.K. 2023
Authors: Green Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper explores public perceptions of the Hippocratic Oath (Physician’s Oath) in the U.K. Results of a questionnaire administered online to 106 adults indicated that the majority were of the opinion that their primary and secondary health care doctors had taken the Oath (88% and 86% respectively). A majority thought that nurses, paramedics, psychotherapists and graduate scientists and researchers should also take some form of professional oath. Elements of the Oath which were deemed most important included that it is a sworn oath, that doctors should not harm patients, act in the best interests of patients, abide by the principles of autonomy and informed consent and maintain patient confidentiality. A significant proportion - about 20% - of the UK public felt that doctors had forgotten their Hippocratic Oath during COVID-19 lockdowns and associated vaccination programme, suggesting that recent history may have damaged the public faith in the medical profession.
Diagnostic accuracy of the point-of-care standard G6PD test™ (SD Biosensor) for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Martínez Juan Camilo , Vélez-Marín Viviana , Lopez-Perez Mary , Patiño-Lugo Daniel F. , Florez Ivan D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) is a common genetic enzymopathy that can induce haemolysis triggered by various factors, including some anti-malarial drugs. Although many Point-of-Care (PoC) tests, such as Standard G6PD™ are available to detect G6PDd, its pooled diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) remains unknown.

Methods
To estimate the DTA of StandG6PD-BS at various thresholds of G6PDd, a systematic review with a DTA meta-analysis were conducted, searching EMBASE, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases up to April 4, 2024.The included studies were those that measured G6PD activity using StandG6PD-BS (reference test) and spectrophotometry (gold standard) in patients suspected of having G6PDd. The risk of bias (RoB) of the studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool and the certainty of evidence (CoE) with the GRADE approach. For the estimation of within-study DTA, a random-effect bivariate meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity for 30%, 70%, and 80% enzyme levels’ thresholds, and a graphical analysis of the heterogeneity using crosshair and Confidence Regions on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space plots.

Results
After screening 2496 reports, four studies were included with 7864 participants covering all thresholds. Two studies had high RoB in QUADAS-2 domains 2 and 3, and the others had low RoB, with low, moderate, and high heterogeneity at the 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively. The pooled sensitivity was 99.1%, 95.7%, and 90% for 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively. The pooled specificity was 97.4%; 92.9%; and 89.0% for 30%, 70%, and 80% thresholds, respectively.

Conclusion
StandG6PD-BS is a PoC test with high sensitivity and specificity to detect G6PDd at different thresholds.
Microfluidic and impedance analysis of rosemary essential oil: implications for dental health
Authors: Joseph Karunan , Petrović Bojan , Ibrahim Syarifah Aisyah Syed , Thiha Aung , Milić Lazar , Ahmad Mohd Yazed , Pavlović Nebojša , Kojić Sanja , Ibrahim Fatimah , Stojanović Goran M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral health is closely linked to systemic conditions, particularly non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which can exacerbate oral issues. Essential oils (EOs) have emerged as potential alternatives for oral health due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Among these, rosemary essential oil (REO) shows promise due to its various biological activities. This study investigates the potential of REO in dental applications using microfluidic devices and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze the electrical properties of REO in artificial saliva (AS) mixtures.

Results
The study demonstrated significant variations in impedance across different REO concentrations and their mixtures with AS. Higher impedance was observed in REO mixtures, particularly at lower frequencies, indicating distinct electrical properties compared to pure AS. The impedance of REO was influenced by its concentration, with a 1% REO solution showing higher impedance than a 4% solution, possibly due to micelle formation and changes in dielectric properties. Additionally, microfluidic devices enabled precise control over fluid interactions and real-time monitoring, offering valuable insights into REO's behavior in a simulated oral environment. The impedance data demonstrated significant differences in REO–AS mixtures, highlighting potential interactions critical for oral care applications.

Conclusions
Rosemary essential oil exhibits unique electrical properties, making it a promising candidate for dental applications, particularly in preventing and treating oral diseases. Microfluidic devices enhance the accuracy and reliability of studying REO's interactions with AS, providing a robust platform for future dental research. The findings suggest that REO could be effectively incorporated into oral care products, offering a natural alternative for combating oral pathogens, reducing inflammation, and protecting against oxidative stress. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate these findings and explore the synergistic effects of REO with other essential oils.
Epigenetic signatures of asthma: a comprehensive study of DNA methylation and clinical markers
Authors: Van Asselt Austin J. , Beck Jeffrey J. , Finnicum Casey T. , Johnson Brandon N. , Kallsen Noah , Viet Sarah , Huizenga Patricia , Ligthart Lannie , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Pool René , der Zee Anke H. Maitland-van , Vijverberg S. J. , de Geus Eco , Boomsma Dorret I. , Ehli Erik A. , van Dongen Jenny 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Asthma, a complex respiratory disease, presents with inflammatory symptoms in the lungs, blood, and other tissues. We investigated the relationship between DNA methylation and 35 clinical markers of asthma.

Methods
The Illumina Infinium EPIC v1 methylation array was used to evaluate 742,442 CpGs in whole blood from 319 participants from 94 families. They were part of the Netherlands Twin Register from families with at least one member suffering from severe asthma. Repeat blood samples were taken after 10 years from 182 individuals. Principal component analysis on the clinical asthma markers yielded ten principal components (PCs) that explained 92.8% of the total variance. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for each of the ten PCs correcting for familial structure and other covariates.

Results
221 unique CpGs reached genome-wide significance at timepoint 1 after Bonferroni correction. PC7, which correlated with loadings of eosinophil counts and immunoglobulin levels, accounted for the majority of associations (204). Enrichment analysis via the EWAS Atlas identified 190 of these CpGs to be previously identified in EWASs of asthma and asthma-related traits. Proximity assessment to previously identified SNPs associated with asthma identified 17 unique SNPs within 1 MB of two of the 221 CpGs. EWAS in 182 individuals with epigenetic data at a second timepoint identified 49 significant CpGs. EWAS Atlas enrichment analysis indicated that 4 of the 49 were previously associated with asthma or asthma-related traits. Comparing the estimates of all the significant associations identified across the two time points yielded a correlation of 0.81.

Conclusion
We identified 270 unique CpGs that were associated with PC scores generated from 35 clinical markers of asthma, either cross-sectionally or 10 years later. A strong correlation was present between effect sizes at the 2 timepoints. Most associations were identified for PC7, which captured blood eosinophil counts and immunoglobulin levels and many of these CpGs have previous associations in earlier studies of asthma and asthma-related traits. The results point to a robust DNA methylation profile as a new, stable biomarker for asthma.