bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative Real-Time PCR in Arabis alpina
Authors: Stephan Lisa , Tilmes Vicky , Hülskamp Martin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractArabis alpina is a perennial arctic-alpine plant and an upcoming model organism for genetics and molecular biology for the Brassicaceae family. One essential method for most molecular approaches is the analysis of gene expression by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). For the normalisation of expression data in qPCR experiments, it is essential to use reliable reference genes that are not affected under a wide range of conditions. In this study we establish a set of 15 A. alpina reference genes that were tested under different conditions including cold, drought, heat, salt and gibberellic acid treatments. Data analyses with geNORM, BestKeeper and NormFinder revealed the most stable reference genes for the tested conditions: RAN3, HCF and PSB33 are most suitable for cold treatments; UBQ10 and TUA5 for drought; RAN3, PSB33 and EIF4a for heat; CAC, TUA5, ACTIN 2 and PSB33 for salt and PSB33 and TUA5 for gibberellic acid treatments. CAC and ACTIN 2 showed the least variation over all tested samples. In addition, we show that two reference genes are sufficient to normalize qPCR data under our treatment conditions. In future studies, these reference genes can be used for an adequate normalisation and thus help to generate high quality qPCR data in A. alpina.
Analysis of the risk and protective roles of work-related and individual variables in burnout syndrome in nurses
Authors: Pérez-Fuentes Mªdel Carmen , Molero Jurado Mªdel Mar , Martínez África Martos , Gázquez Linares José Jesús 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBurnout syndrome is a phenomenon that is becoming ever more widespread, especially in workers who have heavy workloads and time pressures, such as nurses. Its progression has been shown to be related to both individual and work-related variables. The objective of this study was to examine the risk and protective roles played by work-related and personal variables, both sociodemographic and psychological, in the development of burnout in nurses. The sample was made up of 1236 nurses. Exploratory tests were performed to understand the relationships between burnout and the other variables, as well as a binary logistic regression to understand their roles in the incidence of this syndrome. Lastly, a regression tree was constructed. The results showed that the sociodemographic variables examined in the study were not related with levels of burnout in nurses. However, certain work-related variables were, such as spending more time with colleagues and patients, and reporting good quality relationships with colleagues, superiors, patients and their families, exhibiting a significant, negative relationship to the presence of burnout. Of the psychological variables, the stress factors conflict-social acceptance, and irritability-tension-fatigue, along with informative communication were found to be risk factors for the appearance of burnout in nurses, in contrast to the communication skills factor, empathy, and energy-joy, which exercised a protective function. The irritability-tension-fatigue factor was the best predictor for the appearance of burnout in nurses.
Osmoregulation of glutamine synthetase from Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) under osmotic stress
Authors: Lu Zhijie , Qin Zhendong , Sarath Babu V , Ye Chengkai , Su Guomao , Li Jiabo , Yang Guang , Shen Haiyang , Pan Gan , Lin Li 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlutamine synthetase is a key enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of glutamine (Gln) from glutamate and ammonia. Gln a vital amino acid acts as a precursor for protein synthesis and also assist in ammonia repressor and a key osmoregulators in aquatics. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the GS gene from Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr-GS). The complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were determined that phylogenetically shared highest identity with other crustaceans. GS mRNA was differentially expressed in 6 different tissues, with high to low order as muscle > gills > heart > stomach > brain > haemolymph. Mr-GS expression and the glutamine concentrations were analyzed in the gills and muscle tissues of prawn under hyper/hypo-osmotic stress conditions. Under hyper-osmotic stress, the mRNA expression of Mr-GS was significantly increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post-treatment with 2.54, 4.21 and 10.83 folds, and 11.66, 17.97 and 45.92 folds, respectively. Protein analysis by western blot (WB) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) further confirmed the Mr-GS expression was increased at 12 h post treatment. On the other hand, under hypo-osmotic stress, the mRNA expression of Mr-GS was also significantly increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post treatment with 1.63, 3.30 and 3.52 folds, and 4.06, 42.99 and 26.69 folds, respectively. Furthermore, under hyperosmotic stress, Gln concentration was increased in both gills and muscle at 6 and 12 h post treatment with 1.83, 2.02 folds, and 1.41, 1.29 folds, respectively. While, under hypo-osmotic stress, Gln concentration was increased in both gills and muscle at 3, 6 and 12 h post treatment with 3.99, 3.40, 2.59 folds, and 1.72, 1.83, 1.80 folds, respectively. Taken together, these results suggest that Mr-GS might play a key role in osmoregulation in M. rosenbergii.
Analysis of Suicidal Patients Admitted to The Emergency Rooms and Their Intensive Care Requirements, A Double-Center Study in Turkey
Authors: Betul Kocamer Şimşek , Şengül Kocamer Şahin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeIn the present study, the clinical and socio-demographic data of the patients who admitted to the emergency department due to suicide attempt, the duration at the emergency department, and hospitalizations are examined. Requirement of intensive care and duration of hospitalization are investigated in the patients with suicide attempt.MethodsPatients who were admitted to the emergency department of the hospitals after suicide attempts between 2015 and 2017 and earlier 2018 were included in the retrospective study. Reason for suicide, suicide modality, duration between the suicide attempt and arrival to the emergency department, suicide time, first treatment at the emergency department, hospitalization, mortality, and the levels at the intensive care unit (ICU) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.ResultsIn the present study, 428 patients were included. Ratio of the female to male patients was 319/109. The mean age of the patients was 29.18±10.48. Most of the patients were single. The patients were mostly unemployed. Ninety-four (22.87%) patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Four hundred twenty-two (98.59%) of the patients were attempted suicide with drugs/toxics. One hundred ninety-seven patients (49.75%) reported domestic violence and family issues reasons for suicide. Mean duration between the time of suicide and the time to arrive to the emergency department was 100.53±91.82 minutes. One hundred thirty (30.5%) patients were transferred to ICU, and 45 (10.5%) patients were followed in clinical departments. One hundred twenty (92.3%) patients hospitalized in the first-level ICU, 4 (3%) in the second-level ICU, and 6 (4.6%) in the third-level ICU. The mean ICU stay was 2.37±1.48 days.ConclusionThe suicide attempts were prominent in acute poisoning cases. Majority of the patients stated domestic violence and family issues as a reason of suicide. They were discharged mostly from the emergency department and 10.5% of the patients were kept under surveillance in the departments. When the suicide attempts were evaluated in terms of their time, they were observed during day time at a higher rate.
Path to effective mobile advertising in Asian markets
Authors: Wang Ying , Genç Ebru 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose and test an integrated model of mobile advertising taking into consideration the unique characteristics of Asian consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
The survey research method has been used to collect data among young mobile users in China and South Korea. A structural equation model (SEM) technique is employed to analyze the data.

Findings
The results show that Chinese and South Korean consumers share similar beliefs and attitudes toward mobile advertising. Perceived informational usefulness, perceived entertainment usefulness, perceived ease of ease and credibility emerge as significant belief factors positively influencing attitude in both countries. Irritation, on the other hand, negatively predicts attitude. Attitude toward mobile advertising and subjective norm emerge as the strong predictors of consumers’ intention to use mobile advertising in both countries. The effects of perceived social usefulness on attitude and incentive on intention to use demonstrate different patterns between the Chinese and South Korean samples.

Practical implications
The findings are particularly relevant to international marketing managers. To effectively reach Asian consumers through mobile, increasing credibility and entertainment values are the keys. Meanwhile, providing relevant information in easy to use format is also an important issue.

Originality/value
Based on the established advertising theories, this study proposes an integrated model to examine how beliefs, attitude and other influencing factors affect mobile advertising effectiveness among Chinese and South Korean consumers. This research provides insights into the uniqueness and effectiveness of the new mobile medium as opposed to traditional media. Furthermore, this study deepens the understanding of advertising hierarchy effects in an international setting by examining similarities and differences between China and South Korea. Most of existing cross-cultural studies choose cultures that are sharply contrast to gain significant findings and to support established cross-cultural theories. It is also very important for researchers to examine cultures that are relatively similar to gain a better understanding of the impact of culture. The study answers such a call.
Unclogging the pipeline: advancement to full professor in academic STEM
Authors: Van Miegroet Helga , Glass Christy , Callister Ronda Roberts , Sullivan Kimberly 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Women remain underrepresented in academic STEM, especially at the highest ranks. While much attention has focused on early-career attrition, mid-career advancement is still largely understudied and undocumented. The purpose of this paper is to analyze gender differences in advancement to full professor within academic STEM at a mid-size public doctoral university in the western USA, before and after the National Science Foundation (NSF)-ADVANCE Program (2003–2008).

Design/methodology/approach
Using faculty demographics and promotion data between 2008 and 2014, combined with faculty responses to two waves of a climate survey, the magnitude and longevity of the impact of ADVANCE on mid-career faculty advancement across gender is evaluated.

Findings
This study documents increased representation of women in all ranks within the STEM colleges, including that of full professor due to ADVANCE efforts. It also demonstrates the role of greater gender awareness and formalization of procedures in reducing the variability in the time as associate professor until promotion to full professor for all faculty members, while also shrinking gender disparities in career attainment. As a result of the codification of the post-tenure review timeline toward promotion, more recently hired faculty are promoted more swiftly and consistently, irrespective of gender. Post-ADVANCE, both male and female faculty members express a greater understanding of and confidence in the promotion process and no longer see it as either a hurdle or source of gender inequality in upward career mobility.

Research limitations/implications
While data were collected at a single university, demographics and career experiences by women mirror those at other research universities. This study shows that within a given institution-specific governance structure, long-lasting effects on faculty career trajectories can be achieved, by focusing efforts on creating greater transparency in expectations and necessary steps toward promotion, by reducing barriers to information flown, by standardizing and codifying the promotion process, and by actively engaging administrators as collaborators and change agents in the transformation process.

Originality/value
This study addresses mid-career dynamics and potential mechanisms that explain gender gaps in the promotion to full professor, a largely understudied aspect of gender disparities in career attainment within STEM. It shows how institutional policy changes, intended to alleviate gender disparities, can benefit the career trajectories of all faculty members. Specifically, this study highlights the crucial role of codifying procedures and responsibilities in neutralizing subjectivity and inconsistencies in promotion outcomes due to varying departmental climates.
Thinking about people in mergers and acquisitions processes
Authors: Rodríguez-Sánchez José-Luis , Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado Marta , Mora-Valentín Eva-María 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a human resource management model for the integration stage of mergers and acquisitions (M/A) process with four key factors: leadership and integration team; change and restructuring process; human resources (HR) resistance; valuable HR retention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze a case study of a multinational company that operates in the mechanical engineering sector.FindingsThe results show the special importance of human resource management in the success of the merger and acquisition process. And, the main actions implemented in HR contributing to the success of this process are identified.Research limitations/implicationsSubsequent investigations could conduct similar analyses for the planning and implementation stages of the merger and acquisition process, with the objective of presenting a complete HR management model in merger and acquisition processes.Practical implicationsThe case study allows researchers to learn from professionals and business leaders while also offering a theoretical model that can help managers make decisions and improve the management of these processes.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study has been to observe how HR are managed in the integration stage of M/A.
Gift-selection for close recipients: how perceived similarity of preferences affect giver’s attitude
Authors: Sarkar Sumit , Sarkar Bose Arundhati 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of gift-givers’ perception of relational closeness on their gift-selection attitude and eventual selection when the gift is not a requested-gift.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework was constructed on the basis of five hypotheses, which were tested by field data collected through surveys of urban Indian gift-givers while they shopped for a gift. Logistic regressions were used for validating hypotheses. Mediation effect was computed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS.FindingsThe giver may have either a “recipient-centric” or a “giver-centric” attitude towards gift-selection. It was found that givers who feel greater closeness towards recipients are less likely to be “giver-centric” and more likely to believe that the recipient’s preferences are similar to their own. The givers’ belief that the recipient’s preferences are similar to their own mediates the effect of closeness on attitude. Closeness reduces the odds of making a “preference-contrary” selection among “recipient-centric” givers because of a perceived similarity of preferences.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted among urban Indian gift-shoppers. Cross-cultural study may be required for general interpretation of the results. In addition, the role of reciprocity in determining giver’s attitude and gift-selection was not studied.Practical implicationsThe study found that the odds of making “preference-contrary” gift-selection depend on the closeness of the dyadic relation. This understanding can be used in advertising and promoting products that are used as gifts between close relations.Originality/valuePrevious studies postulated and demonstrated that relational closeness affects gift-giving behaviour, but none connected closeness to gift-selection. This research conceptualised gift-giver’s attitude, which influences giver’s selection.
Considering a non-document: concepts, components, and contexts
Authors: Kosciejew Marc Richard Hugh 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to begin a conversation about the term “nondocument.” It analyzes this term’s possible concepts, components and contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper draws upon the work of documentation studies scholars, including Michael Buckland, Bernd Frohmann and Niels Windfeld Lund, to begin an exploration of the term “nondocument,” framed within the context of the 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace negotiations brokered by the USA. It is comprised of seven sections revolving around different questions regarding non-document.

Findings
The document at the center of the 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace negotiations aimed to establish a framework for an eventual final-status peace agreement. There was skepticism, however, about the document’s proposed reservations inscription permitting either party to express reservations with any part of the framework. It was claimed that this reservation inscription made the document self-negating and therefore a non-document. This document was arguably a hybrid entity: a document-non-document. It was a document in the context of the negotiations. It became a non-document in the context of the collapse of the negotiations.

Research limitations/implications
The 2013–2014 peace negotiations between Israel and Palestine, brokered by the USA, revolved around a diplomatic document outlining provisions for a final peace settlement. The two parties were skeptical of a proposed provision permitting reservations to be expressed over other provisions within the document. An official involved in the negotiations stated that this provision made the document a non-document. But what exactly is meant by this term? This paper takes the opportunity to begin exploring such a notion. The aim, however, is not to definitively define non-document but instead to raise questions and provoke further discussions of this term.

Originality/value
The concept of non-document is underdeveloped. This paper presents questions and conceptual tools to help develop this term whilst providing possible points of departure for further examinations of how documents are or might be non-documents. These questions and tools also point in directions for various other approaches to phenomena that could be regarded as documents in some respects but not in others, or the ways in which something could is “almost” but “not quite” a document, or even help determine what is “not document.” Ultimately, this term could help expand other “conventional” approaches to documentation.
Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana
Authors: Amidu Mohammed , Coffie William , Acquah Philomina 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate how transfer pricing (TP) and earnings management affect tax avoidance of firms in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a panel data set from 2008 to 2015 to further shed light on transfer pricing-tax avoidance nexus by examining the complex interaction of three key variables: transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance.FindingsThe results show that almost all the sample firms have engaged in some form of transfer pricing strategies and the manipulation of earnings to avoid tax during 2008-2015. There is evidence to suggest that non-financial multinational corporations manipulate more earnings than the financial firms while financial firms also use more TP than non-financial firms. The overall results suggest that the sensitivity of tax avoidance to transfer pricing decreases as firms increase their earnings management. By extension, these results have important policy implication for policymakers in assessing the effectiveness of tax laws relating to transfer pricing.Originality/valueThe authors investigate how transfer pricing and earnings management affect the avoidance of firms operating in Ghana.
Combating corruption in Nigeria: the emergence of whistleblowing policy
Authors: Gholami Hossein , Salihu Habeeb Abdulrauf 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to appraise the roles of whistleblowing policy as a tool for combating corruption in Nigeria. Methodologically, it examines how the policy could be strengthened to effectively address the challenges of corruption in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is essentially a desk research with reliance on the secondary source of data. Relevant materials were collected in an eclectic manner from official documents, statutes and other published outlets such as books, journal publications, online articles, news reports and newspaper articles. Its scope is limited to issue and content analysis relating to the use of whistleblowing policy as a tool to combat corruption.

Findings
The paper finds that whistleblowing policy is an effective anti-corruption instrument that has facilitated discovery and recovery of looted public resources and prosecution of culprits in Nigeria.

Originality/value
This paper demonstrates how whistleblowing as an anti-corruption mechanism could be strengthened in Nigeria when the legislator finally passed the Whistleblower Protection Bill into law.