bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of onychomycosis and traumatic toenail onychodystrophy dermoscopic patterns
Authors: Ramos Pinheiro R. , Dias Domingues T. , Sousa V. , Galhardas C. , Apetato M. , Lencastre A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis (OM) and traumatic onychodystrophy (OD) are common causes of toenail changes. A clinical diagnosis is often impossible without mycology. Dermoscopy is helpful in this setting but yet underexplored. Prospective comparative studies between OM and OD onychoscopic findings have not been previously performed.ObjectivesWe sought to determine distinguishing dermoscopic presentations of OM and traumatic OD.MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational study including patients presenting with ≥1 toenail onychodystrophy. All underwent onychoscopy, clinical and mycological examination. Based on these results, patients received a final diagnosis of OM or OD. Dermoscopic presentations of OM and OD patients were classified in patterns and compared.ResultsIn all, 110 cases of OM and 82 of traumatic OD were compared. Statistical analyses revealed that the distal pulverized and the irregular spiked macular dermoscopic patterns were predictors of an OM diagnosis. The regular macular, the non‐classifiable, the total and partial homogeneous background dermoscopic patterns correlated with traumatic OD diagnosis.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that OM and traumatic OD have distinctive onychoscopic presentations. Dermoscopy may be an important ancillary tool to guide their differential.
Diagnosis validation and clinical characterization of atopic dermatitis in Nurses’ Health Study 2
Authors: Drucker A.M. , Cho E. , Li W.‐Q. , Camargo C.A. , Li T. , Qureshi A.A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiologic studies of atopic dermatitis (AD) are often limited by case definitions that have not been validated.ObjectiveIn this study, we assessed the accuracy of self‐report of AD in a large cohort of US female nurses, the Nurses’ Health Study 2 (NHS2). We also provide clinical characteristics of AD in the cohort.MethodsWe sent an electronic questionnaire to NHS2 participants who previously reported ever having a diagnosis of AD. This questionnaire was designed to confirm cases of AD using previously validated algorithms with >85% specificity. We assessed the association of AD with asthma, comparing the results when different definitions of AD were applied. We also inquired about various aspects of participants’ AD.ResultsResponses were received from 2509 of 5126 (49%) nurses who were sent the questionnaire, with an average age of 62. Most participants (1996/2509, 80%) reiterated their previously reported clinician diagnosis of AD. Application of the two diagnostic algorithms yielded confirmation of 1538 and 1293 prevalent cases, respectively. The association of AD with asthma was stronger when more stringent AD case definitions were applied. Participants generally reported mild disease (92% with ≤10% maximal body surface area involved) and a high proportion (57%) reported adult‐onset disease.ConclusionsSelf‐report of AD diagnosis has good reliability, and future analyses will be strengthened by our ability to conduct sensitivity analyses with refined confirmed AD subgroups.
The spectrum of cutaneous adverse events during encorafenib and binimetinib treatment in B‐rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma‐mutated advanced melanoma
Authors: Graf N.P. , Koelblinger P. , Galliker N. , Conrad S. , Barysch M. , Mangana J. , Dummer R. , Cheng P.F. , Goldinger S.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundB‐rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (BRAF) inhibitor encorafenib alone and in combination with MEK inhibitor binimetinib improves survival in BRAF‐mutated melanoma patients. So far, the range of cutaneous adverse events has been characterized only for established BRAF inhibitors (vemurafenib, dabrafenib) and MEK inhibitors (trametinib, cobimetinib).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate cutaneous adverse events emerging in melanoma patients treated with encorafenib and binimetinib.MethodsPatients treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors in clinical trials at the University Hospital of Zurich were identified. Frequency and features of cutaneous adverse events as well as their management were assessed based on the prospectively collected clinical and histopathological data. The events emerging during encorafenib and/or binimetinib therapy were compared to other BRAF and MEK inhibitors at the institution and in the literature.ResultsThe most frequent cutaneous adverse events observed in patients treated with encorafenib alone (n = 24) were palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (54%), palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia (58%) and alopecia (46%). Drug‐induced papulopustular eruptions prevailed in patients with binimetinib monotherapy (n = 25). The most frequent cutaneous adverse events in patients treated with encorafenib/binimetinib (n = 49) were palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (10%).ConclusionCompared to data published for established BRAFi, encorafenib monotherapy showed less hyperproliferative cutaneous adverse events. In contrast, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia seem to occur more often. The combination of encorafenib and binimetinib is well tolerated and induces few cutaneous adverse events.
A revised model of uncertainty in complex healthcare settings: A scoping review
Authors: Pomare Chiara , Churruca Kate , Ellis Louise A. , Long Janet C. , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundUncertainty is a ubiquitous and dynamic presence throughout healthcare systems and encounters, affecting the quality and safety of care. Although previous research has attempted to categorize varieties of uncertainty, it is not clear if these classifications are applicable across various healthcare settings.ObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to examine the applicability of the issues of uncertainty delineated in an established taxonomy across diverse healthcare domains, professions, and countries and to consider the complexity of these issues.MethodsDrawing on empirical research from three databases, we conducted a scoping review of the literature to identify types of uncertainty experienced by healthcare professionals. A framework synthesis design was employed to review and synthesize the literature across multiple healthcare settings.ResultsThe search identified 2285 articles, of which 94 met the inclusion criteria. Findings from included studies suggested professional uncertainty in healthcare is complex and pervasive. On the basis of our inability to categorize some studies in the issues of uncertainty outlined in the existing taxonomy, we proposed a revised model of uncertainty for healthcare professionals.ConclusionsThe revised model of uncertainty, the model of uncertainty in complex healthcare settings (MUCH‐S), is applicable to various healthcare ecosystems and proposes a reflexive archetype that recognizes different issues of uncertainty while establishing that these are often interrelated in healthcare systems. This review offers healthcare professionals greater levels of understanding of this complex phenomenon and may support more informed and reflective decision‐making, assisting them to better navigate uncertainties experienced in healthcare workplaces.
THE IMPACT OF FHLB ADVANCES ON BANK HOLDING COMPANY LENDING OVER THE CREDIT CYCLE
Authors: Brewer Elijah , Jackson William E. , Mondschean Thomas S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe examine the sensitivity of bank holding company loan growth to the growth in funding obtained through the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances program. FHLB advances are a low‐cost funding source that banking organizations may substitute for funds drawn out of the financial system during periods of tight monetary policy or financial stress. This may be especially relevant for community banking organizations that have relatively less access to wholesale funding sources. Our findings show that FHLB advances provide banking organizations with some liquidity protection that reduces the impact of financial market distress and tight monetary policy on loan growth.
Engineering ‘designer’ glycomodules for boosting recombinant protein secretion in tobacco hairy root culture and studying hydroxyproline‐O‐glycosylation process in plants
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Wright Tristen , Wang Xiaoting , Karki Uddhab , Savary Brett J. , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe key technical bottleneck for exploiting plant hairy root cultures as a robust bioproduction platform for therapeutic proteins has been low protein productivity, particularly low secreted protein yields. To address this, we engineered novel hydroxyproline (Hyp)‐O‐glycosylated peptides (HypGPs) into tobacco hairy roots to boost the extracellular secretion of fused proteins and to elucidate Hyp‐O‐glycosylation process of plant cell wall Hyp‐rich glycoproteins. HypGPs representing two major types of cell wall glycoproteins were examined: an extensin module consisting of 18 tandem repeats of ‘Ser‐Hyp‐Hyp‐Hyp‐Hyp’ motif or (SP4)18 and an arabinogalactan protein module consisting of 32 tandem repeats of ‘Ser‐Hyp’ motif or (SP)32. Each module was expressed in tobacco hairy roots as a fusion to the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Hairy root cultures engineered with a HypGP module secreted up to 56‐fold greater levels of EGFP, compared with an EGFP control lacking any HypGP module, supporting the function of HypGP modules as a molecular carrier in promoting efficient transport of fused proteins into the culture media. The engineered (SP4)18 and (SP)32 modules underwent Hyp‐O‐glycosylation with arabino‐oligosaccharides and arabinogalactan polysaccharides, respectively, which were essential in facilitating secretion of the fused EGFP protein. Distinct non‐Hyp‐O‐glycosylated (SP4)18‐EGFP and (SP)32‐EGFP intermediates were consistently accumulated within the root tissues, indicating a rate‐limiting trafficking and/or glycosylation of the engineered HypGP modules. An updated model depicting the intracellular trafficking, Hyp‐O‐glycosylation and extracellular secretion of extensin‐styled (SP4)18 module and AGP‐styled (SP)32 module is proposed.
Synthesis of TiO2 (B) and High‐temperature Stable Anatase TiO2 Nanowires by Hydrothermal Method and Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Sabbagh Shervin , Behnajady Mohammad A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) were synthesized through hydrothermal method and were characterized using X‐Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET techniques. Monoclinic TiO2 (B) is the dominant phase of TNWs up to 600°C which is completely transformed into a highly crystalline anatase phase at 800°C. The photocatalytic activity of TNWs, prepared at various calcination temperatures, was investigated in the removal of Rhodamine B as an organic model pollutant. The results indicated that the photocatalytic activity of TNWs, prepared at 800°C calcination temperature, was better than that of other samples and even TiO2–P25 nanoparticles.
Contrasting thermal acclimation of leaf dark respiration and photosynthesis of Antarctic vascular plant species exposed to nocturnal warming
Authors: Sanhueza Carolina , Fuentes Francisca , Cortés Daniela , Bascunan‐Godoy Luisa , Sáez Patricia L. , Bravo León A. , Cavieres Lohengrin A. 
Published: November 2018

Leaf respiration and photosynthesis will respond differently to an increase in temperature during night, which can be more relevant in sensitive ecosystems such as Antarctica. We postulate that the plant species able to colonize the Antarctic Peninsula – Colobanthus quitensis (Kunth) Bartl. and Deschampsia antarctica Desv. – are able to acclimate their foliar respiration and to maintain photosynthesis under nocturnal warming to sustain a positive foliar carbon balance. We conducted a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effect of time of day (day and night) and nocturnal warming on dark respiration. Short (E0 and Q10) and long‐term acclimation of respiration, leaf carbohydrates, photosynthesis (Asat) and foliar carbon balance (R/A) were evaluated. The results suggest that the two species have differential thermal acclimation respiration, where D. antarctica showed more thermosensitivity to short‐term changes in temperature than C. quitensis. Experimental nocturnal warming affected respiration at daytime differentially between the two species, with a significant increase of R10 and Asat in D. antarctica, while no changes on respiration were observed in C. quitensis. Long thermal treatments of the plants indicated that nocturnal but not diurnal respiration could acclimate in both species, and to a greater extent in C. quitensis. Non‐structural carbohydrates were related with respiration in C. quitensis but not in D. antarctica, suggesting that respiration in the former species is likely controlled by total soluble sugars and starch during day and night, respectively. Finally, foliar carbon balance was differentially improved under warming conditions in Antarctic plants by different mechanisms, with C. quitensis deploying respiratory acclimation, while D. antarctica increased its Asat.
Shaking Hands with Hitler: The Politics‐Administration Dichotomy and Engagement with Fascism
Authors: Roberts Alasdair 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResearchers have examined the impact of the politics‐administration dichotomy on the practice and theory of public administration within the United States. But the dichotomy also influenced patterns of international engagement by American experts in the 1920s and 1930s. Americans believed that they could set politics aside and collaborate on administrative questions with regimes that did not respect democracy and human rights. This belief was tested after the rise of Adolf Hitler. American experts in public administration engaged with the Nazi regime for three years, ignoring the rising controversy over Nazi policies. The breaking point came in 1936. American experts finally recognized that it was impossible to ignore political questions and became forthright proponents of “democratic administration.” This struggle to define the boundaries of international engagement is relevant today, as specialists in public administration again find themselves in a world in which a shared commitment to democracy and human rights cannot be taken for granted.
Radiofrequency spectral analysis of EBUS for peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Morikawa Kei , Kurimoto Noriaki , Inoue Takeo , Miyazawa Teruomi , Mineshita Masamichi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveWe previously reported that histogram‐based quantitative evaluation for endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) B‐mode images could differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. However, these images were generated from reconstructed raw radiofrequency (RF) signals and had some limitations. Currently, there are no reports on raw RF signal data to quantitatively differentiate ultrasound information for peripheral pulmonary lesions.MethodsWe prospectively hypothesized that RF spectral analysis from EBUS images could reveal sonographic features of peripheral pulmonary diseases. RF data were imported into a frequency spectral analysis software programme, comparing four parameters: mean frequency (MHz); slope; mid‐band fit (dB); and y‐intercept (dB), to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Furthermore, we compared subgroup analysis within benign and malignant lesions.ResultsRF data from EBUS images were obtained in 146 cases, of which, 106 lung cancers and 40 inflammatory diseases were present. Significant differences were observed for three parameters in benign and malignant lesions (mean frequency: P < 0.05, slope: P < 0.05, y‐intercept: P < 0.01) with diagnostic accuracy of 61%, 57.5%, 63%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the acute pneumonia group showed higher mean frequency, higher slope and lower y‐intercept patterns compared to mycobacterial and fibrotic diseases (P < 0.05). In malignant lesions, small cell carcinoma showed higher mean frequency, higher slope and lower y‐intercept pattern compared to other histopathological lung cancers (P < 0.01).ConclusionRF analysis might be capable of demonstrating aspects of the lesion's pathological heterogeneity rather than precisely differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.
GIS‐Based Integration of Social Vulnerability and Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment to Advance Emergency Preparedness, Planning, and Response for Severe Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
Authors: Pence Justin , Miller Ian , Sakurahara Tatsuya , Whitacre James , Reihani Seyed , Kee Ernie , Mohaghegh Zahra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the nuclear power industry, Level 3 probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is used to estimate damage to public health and the environment if a severe accident leads to large radiological release. Current Level 3 PRA does not have an explicit inclusion of social factors and, therefore, it is not possible to perform importance ranking of social factors for risk‐informing emergency preparedness, planning, and response (EPPR). This article offers a methodology for adapting the concept of social vulnerability, commonly used in natural hazard research, in the context of a severe nuclear power plant accident. The methodology has four steps: (1) calculating a hazard‐independent social vulnerability index for the local population; (2) developing a location‐specific representation of the maximum radiological hazard estimated from current Level 3 PRA, in a geographic information system (GIS) environment; (3) developing a GIS‐based socio‐technical risk map by combining the social vulnerability index and the location‐specific radiological hazard; and (4) conducting a risk importance measure analysis to rank the criticality of social factors based on their contribution to the socio‐technical risk. The methodology is applied using results from the 2012 Surry Power Station state‐of‐the‐art reactor consequence analysis. A radiological hazard model is generated from MELCOR accident consequence code system, translated into a GIS environment, and combined with the Center for Disease Control social vulnerability index (SVI). This research creates an opportunity to explicitly consider and rank the criticality of location‐specific SVI themes based on their influence on risk, providing input for EPPR.
Hierarchical marginal models with latent uncertainty
Authors: Colombi Roberto , Giordano Sabrina , Gottard Anna , Iannario Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn responding to a rating question, an individual may give answers either according to his/her knowledge/awareness or to his/her level of indecision/uncertainty, typically driven by a response style. As ignoring this dual behavior may lead to misleading results, we define a multivariate model for ordinal rating responses by introducing, for every item and every respondent, a binary latent variable that discriminates aware from uncertain responses. Some independence assumptions among latent and observable variables characterize the uncertain behavior and make the model easier to interpret. Uncertain responses are modeled by specifying probability distributions that can depict different response styles. A marginal parameterization allows a simple and direct interpretation of the parameters in terms of association among aware responses and their dependence on explanatory factors. The effectiveness of the proposed model is attested through an application to real data and supported by a Monte Carlo study.
Texting for Help: Processes and Impact of Text Counseling with Children and Youth with Suicide Ideation
Authors: Sindahl Trine N. , Côte Louis‐Phillippe , Dargis Luc , Mishara Brian L. , Bechmann Jensen Torben 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo explore: (1) how children contacting a child helpline with suicide ideation differ from children discussing other topics, (2) whether text messaging effectively helps, and (3) which counselor behaviors are most effective.MethodOf 6,060 text sessions at the Danish national child helpline, 444 concerned suicidality, of which the 102 sessions that included self‐rated, end Session ratings were selected for content analysis.ResultsTwenty‐six percentage of suicidal children had severe suicidality. The suicide sample had significantly more girls, was older than the nonsuicide sample, and more often recontacted the helpline in the 2 weeks prior to follow‐up. 35.9% of suicidal children felt better immediately and over half ended the session with a plan of action. At follow‐up, 23.9% of suicidal children reported feeling better; however, 37.0% reported feeling worse. Talking about emotions, expressing empathy, and encouraging the child to talk to someone were associated with positive impacts. Setting boundaries was associated with negative impacts.ConclusionsTexting with suicidal children can be helpful, but should be considered a first step toward obtaining more sustainable help. Research is needed to determine how to better help children who felt worse or did not improve in the 2 weeks after contacting the helpline. Suggestions to further training of counselors are discussed.
A method to standardize the blood flow restriction pressure by an elastic cuff
Authors: Abe Takashi , Mouser J. Grant , Dankel Scott J. , Bell Zachary W. , Buckner Samuel L. , Mattocks Kevin T. , Jessee Matthew B. , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: November 2018

Blood flow restriction training using a practical (non‐pneumatic) elastic cuff has recently increased in popularity. However, a criticism of this method is that the pressure applied and the amount of blood flow restriction induced is unknown. The aim was to quantify blood flow following the application of an elastic cuff and compare that to what is observed using a more traditional pressurized nylon cuff. Thirty‐five young participants (16 men and 19 women) visited the laboratory once for testing. In a randomized order (one condition per arm), an elastic cuff (5 cm wide) was applied to one arm and blood flow was measured following the cuff being pulled to two distinct lengths; 10% and 20% of the resting length based on arm circumference. The other arm would follow a similar protocol but use a pressurized nylon cuff (5 cm wide) and be inflated to 40% and 80% of the individuals resting arterial occlusion pressure. There was a main effect of pressure for blood flow with it decreasing in a pressure‐dependent manner (High < Low, P < 0.001). The mean difference (95% CI) in blood flow between cuffs was −5.9 (−18.9, 7.0) % for the lower pressure and −4.0 (−13.2, 5.1) % for the higher pressure. When the relative changes for each cuff were separated by sex, there were no differences in the changes from Pre (P ≥ 0.509). The application of a pressure relative to the initial belt length, which is largely dependent upon arm circumference, appears to provide one method to standardize the practical blood flow restriction pressure for future research.