bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variation in Breeding Season Survival and Cause-Specific Mortality of Lesser Prairie-Chickens
Authors: Meyers Andrew R. , Carleton Scott A. , Gould William R. , Nichols Clay T. , Haukos David A. , Hagen Christian A. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The lesser prairie-chicken Tympanuchus pallidicinctus has experienced significant declines in distribution and abundance since the early 1900s. A severe and prolonged drought from 2009 to 2013 resulted in further declines in population numbers and despite improved environmental and habitat conditions since 2013, populations of lesser prairie chickens have shown little improvement. To investigate whether breeding season survival of lesser prairie-chickens in eastern New Mexico could be driving this response, we developed the following objectives: 1) estimate male and female breeding-season survival; 2) determine whether male and female survival varies temporally among lekking, nesting, and brood-rearing periods; and 3) determine cause-specific mortality during the breeding season. We captured and radiocollared 76 lesser prairie-chickens (50 male, 26 female) during spring of 2014 and 2015 and estimated their survival throughout the breeding season (15 March–31 August). Male survival was nearly double that of females in both years (0.79–0.81 and 0.38–0.45, respectively). Males had similar survival across all periods (lekking, postlekking, late summer: 0.89–0.95). Females had the greatest period-specific survival during lekking and brood rearing (0.87 ± 0.08 and 0.85 ± 0.10, respectively) relative to the nesting period (0.58 ± 0.11). Mammalian predation was the primary cause of mortality in both years. Our results indicate that in New Mexico 1) lesser prairie-chicken breeding season survival was consistent with geographically similar studies, 2) females have lower survival during the nesting period, and 3) female lesser prairie-chicken survival was lower than male survival regardless of time period. Management actions that provide and protect high-quality nesting habitat may help ensure that female survival is maximized during the nesting period.
Impact of Air Pollution on Vegetation in Banja Luka
Authors: Maksimović Tanja , Ilić Predrag , Bajić Sanja 
Published: September 2018

Atmospheric pollutants have a negative effect on the plants; they can have direct toxic effects, or indirectly by changing soil pH followed by solubilization of toxic salts of metals. Large number of studies have investigated the possible effects of ambient air pollution on vegetation and air pollution in stomata number and size and stomatal apparatus. The primary aim of this study was to impact air pollution from the aspect of presence SO2, NOX, CO2, O3 and PM10 on vegetation in the city of Banja Luka and stomatal response to air pollution, through a review of existing research.
Origami Biosystems: 3D Assembly Methods for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Bolaños Quiñones Vladimir A. , Zhu Hong , Solovev Alexander A. , Mei Yongfeng , Gracias David H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractConventional assembly of biosystems has relied on bottom‐up techniques, such as directed aggregation, or top‐down techniques, such as layer‐by‐layer integration, using advanced lithographic and additive manufacturing processes. However, these methods often fail to mimic the complex three dimensional (3D) microstructure of naturally occurring biomachinery, cells, and organisms regarding assembly throughput, precision, material heterogeneity, and resolution. Pop‐up, buckling, and self‐folding methods, reminiscent of paper origami, allow the high‐throughput assembly of static or reconfigurable biosystems of relevance to biosensors, biomicrofluidics, cell and tissue engineering, drug delivery, and minimally invasive surgery. The universal principle in these assembly methods is the engineering of intrinsic or extrinsic forces to cause local or global shape changes via bending, curving, or folding resulting in the final 3D structure. The forces can result from stresses that are engineered either during or applied externally after synthesis or fabrication. The methods facilitate the high‐throughput assembly of biosystems in simultaneously micro or nanopatterned and layered geometries that can be challenging if not impossible to assemble by alternate methods. The authors classify methods based on length scale and biologically relevant applications; examples of significant advances and future challenges are highlighted.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Monitoring of Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Yuan Bodi , Guss Gabriel M. , Wilson Aaron C. , Hau‐Riege Stefan P. , DePond Phillip J. , McMains Sara , Matthews Manyalibo J. , Giera Brian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA two‐step machine learning approach to monitoring laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing is demonstrated that enables on‐the‐fly assessments of laser track welds. First, in situ video melt pool data acquired during LPBF is labeled according to the (1) average and (2) standard deviation of individual track width and also (3) whether or not the track is continuous, measured postbuild through an ex situ height map analysis algorithm. This procedure generates three ground truth labeled datasets for supervised machine learning. Using a portion of the labeled 10 ms video clips, a single convolutional neural network architecture is trained to generate three distinct networks. With the remaining in situ LPBF data, the trained neural networks are tested and evaluated and found to predict track width, standard deviation, and continuity without the need for ex situ measurements. This two‐step approach should benefit any LPBF system – or any additive manufacturing technology – where height‐map‐derived properties can serve as useful labels for in situ sensor data.
Flexible Porous Piezoelectric Cantilever on a Pacemaker Lead for Compact Energy Harvesting
Authors: Dong Lin , Han Xiaomin , Xu Zhe , Closson Andrew B. , Liu Yin , Wen Chunsheng , Liu Xi , Escobar Gladys Patricia , Oglesby Meagan , Feldman Marc , Chen Zi , Zhang John X. J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSelf‐sustainable energy generation represents a new frontier to greatly extend the lifetime and effectiveness of implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators. However, there is a lack of promising technologies which can efficiently convert the mechanical energy of the beating heart to electrical energy with minimal risk of interfering with the cardiovascular functions. Here a unique design is presented based on existing pacemaker leads tailored for compact energy harvesting. This new design incorporates flexible porous polyvinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene thin film within a dual‐cantilever structure, which wraps around the pacemaker lead with two free ends sticking out for harvesting energy from the heart's motion. Under various anchor methods of the lead, the maximum electrical output yields 0.5 V and 43 nA under the frequency of 1 Hz. It is found that adding a proof mass of 31.6 mg on the dual‐cantilever tip results in a 1.82 times power enhancement. The scalability of the design is also demonstrated, e.g., by connecting two such units in parallel, their simultaneous vibration can together contribute to energy conversion. Collectively, this study implies that sufficient electrical energy can be converted from the kinetic energy of a pacemaker lead especially at low frequencies to sustain operations.
Additive Manufacturing through Galvanoforming of 3D Nickel Microarchitectures: Simulation‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Schürch Patrik , Pethö Laszlo , Schwiedrzik Jakob , Michler Johann , Philippe Laetitia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrodeposition in combination with templates created by two‐photon lithography is used to fabricate dense metallic 3D microcomponents. Nanocrystalline nickel microcomponents deposited from nickel sulfamate electrolyte in 3D templates are presented. Using 3D electrodeposition simulation, different template designs for a bridge‐like microcomponent are investigated. The influence of the template design on current density is described. Electrodeposition conditions and pulse parameters are optimized with the simulation to achieve a high filling ratio within the template. Unlike previous work done in the field, the templates are made from negative tone photoresist, which is removed subsequent to the electrodeposition with plasma etching process. This allows for free‐form galvanoforming of freestanding nanocrystalline nickel microcomponents. Focused ion beam cross sections are made to investigate the microstructure within the specimen. The grains within the specimen show elongation along growth direction. Furthermore, the grain size distribution within the specimen shows correlation to the local current density values supplied by the simulation.
Nanoarchitechtonics of Visible‐Blind Ultraviolet Photodetector Materials: Critical Features and Nano‐Microfabrication
Authors: Nasiri Noushin , Jin Dayong , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccurate measurement of ultraviolet radiation is key to many technologies including wearable devices for skin cancer prevention, optical communication systems, and missile launch detection. Nanostructuring of wide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN, ZnO, and SiC, promises some benefits over established commercial solutions relying on n–p type Si‐homojunction technology. In the past decade, a variety of carefully nanostructured architectures have been demonstrated as efficient designs for visible‐blind UV photodetectors featuring superior detectivity, thermal stability, robust radiation hardness, and very low operation bias and power consumption. Here, a comprehensive review of the latest achievements on ultraviolet photodetector materials is presented, with focus on the multiscale engineering of composition and nano‐microscale morphology. The review concludes with a critical assessment and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art devices aiming to provide guidelines and research directions for the next generation of UV photodetector materials.
Vertical Tunnel Junction Embedding a Spin Crossover Molecular Film
Authors: Poggini Lorenzo , Gonidec Mathieu , González‐Estefan Juan H. , Pecastaings Gilles , Gobaut Benoît , Rosa Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThin films of a molecular spin crossover (SCO) Iron(II) complex featuring a high transition temperature are grown by sublimation in high vacuum on TSAu and investigated by X‐ray and UV photoelectron spectroscopies. Temperature‐dependent studies demonstrate that the thermally induced spin crossover behavior is preserved in thin films. A large‐area ultrathin switchable spin crossover molecular vertical tunnel junction with top electrodes of the liquid eutectic of gallium and indium, for which the spin‐state switching of the films induces a two orders of magnitude change in the tunneling current density flowing through the junction, is reported here. The results on large‐area junctions, rationalized by density functional theory calculations, demonstrate the high potential of SCO‐based switchable molecular junctions as functional devices.
Genotype‐phenotype correlation and risk stratification in a cohort of 123 hereditary stomatocytosis patients
Authors: Andolfo Immacolata , Russo Roberta , Rosato Barbara Eleni , Manna Francesco , Gambale Antonella , Brugnara Carlo , Iolascon Achille 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHereditary stomatocytoses (HSts) are a wide spectrum of hemolytic anemias in which the erythrocyte membrane cation permeability is increased. Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis is the most frequent among HSts. It is caused by missense mutations in PIEZO1 and KCNN4 genes.We described 123 patients enrolled in our Genetic Unit from 2013 to 2017. Overall HSt subjects exhibit macrocytic mild anemia. We found that PIEZO1 is the most frequent mutated gene within our families (47% of pedigrees). In 59.1% of cases the mutations localized in the nonpore protein domain, while in 40.9% of patients they localized in the central pore region. The genotype‐phenotype correlation analysis on 29 PIEZO1‐patients demonstrated that most of severely affected patients carried mutations in the pore domain, suggesting that the severity of this condition is related to the pore properties and intracellular domain that could be responsible of interactions with intracellular components.This is the first cohort study on a large set of hereditary stomatocytosis patients, stratified according to their causative gene useful for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of these patients.
Metoprolol‐Induced Pemphigus‐Like Reaction
Authors: Patel Seena , Kim Shanna , Allen Carl 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a relatively rare, potentially life‐threatening autoimmune disease that, in most cases, has an unknown etiology. Medications for hypertension have been linked to the onset and exacerbation of PV‐like symptoms. The diagnosis of medication‐related PV can be challenging because it has an identical appearance to the clinical and histologic appearance of idiopathic PV and cases may not resolve after discontinuation of the drug.Case PresentationWe present a case of an elderly patient with gingival and cutaneous erosions, who underwent several medical and dental consultations without an appropriate diagnosis. After biopsy and a thorough review of her medical history, metoprolol was suspected as the offending agent. After consulting with her cardiologist, metoprolol was discontinued, and a complete resolution of all lesions resulted.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, the current case is the first reported case of metoprolol‐induced PV in the English‐language literature. As such, it highlights the potential of medication involvement in some immune‐mediated diseases. Because the oral mucosa is often the first site of involvement in PV, knowledge of drug‐related PV is crucial in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of dental patients.
Kinematic boundary conditions substantially impact in silico ventricular function
Authors: Peirlinck Mathias , Sack Kevin L. , De Backer Pieter , Morais Pedro , Segers Patrick , Franz Thomas , De Beule Matthieu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComputational cardiac mechanical models, individualized to the patient, have the potential to elucidate the fundamentals of cardiac (patho‐)physiology, enable non‐invasive quantification of clinically significant metrics (eg, stiffness, active contraction, work), and anticipate the potential efficacy of therapeutic cardiovascular intervention. In a clinical setting, however, the available imaging resolution is often limited, which limits cardiac models to focus on the ventricles, without including the atria, valves, and proximal arteries and veins. In such models, the absence of surrounding structures needs to be accounted for by imposing realistic kinematic boundary conditions, which, for prognostic purposes, are preferably generic and thus non‐image derived. Unfortunately, the literature on cardiac models shows no consistent approach to kinematically constrain the myocardium. The impact of different approaches (eg, fully constrained base, constrained epi‐ring) on the predictive capacity of cardiac mechanical models has not been thoroughly studied. For that reason, this study first gives an overview of current approaches to kinematically constrain (bi) ventricular models. Next, we developed a patient‐specific in silico biventricular model that compares well with literature and in vivo recorded strains. Alternative constraints were introduced to assess the influence of commonly used mechanical boundary conditions on both the predicted global functional behavior of the in‐silico heart (cavity volumes, stroke volume, ejection fraction) and local strain distributions. Meaningful differences in global functioning were found between different kinematic anchoring strategies, which brought forward the importance of selecting appropriate boundary conditions for biventricular models that, in the near future, may inform clinical intervention. However, whilst statistically significant differences were also found in local strain distributions, these differences were minor and mostly confined to the region close to the applied boundary conditions.
Using Landsat imagery to map understory shrub expansion relative to landscape position in a mid‐Appalachian watershed
Authors: Atkins Jeff W. , Epstein Howard E. , Welsch Daniel L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGlobally, shrub expansion is an important driver of ecological change. However, most studies of shrub expansion have focused on dryland ecosystems (e.g., savannas, rangelands, grasslands), or in tundra regions (e.g., arctic, alpine). However, shrubs play a key role in other systems, such as the understory of temperate forests. In the Appalachian forests of the eastern United States, rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) is the most prevalent species constituent of the understory evergreen shrub community and can affect forest diversity and structure by altering light and moisture regimes, and changing soil chemical and physical properties. We examine the spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of the evergreen shrub layer within a mid‐Appalachian forest over the period from 1986 to 2011 using Landsat TM data to explore how shrub expansion is related to landscape position (e.g., elevation, aspect, and distance‐to‐stream). We use a combination of remotely sensed vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI, tasseled cap indices) derived from snow‐free, leaf‐off Landsat 5 surface reflectance data from 1986 to 2011 paired with a Random Forest classification model to examine shrub dynamics in the Weimer Run watershed near Canaan Valley, West Virginia, a first‐order, high‐altitude watershed. We show extensive increases in winter greenness we attribute to expansion of the evergreen shrub community. From 1986 to 2011, there is a 0.14 increase in winter NDVI, with a 52% relative increase in shrub coverage over 25 yr. Shrub expansion is most notable at lower elevations, along streams, and on southerly oriented slopes. We argue that changes in shrub abundance are due to decreased moisture limitations driven by changing climate. There is an increased effort to reintroduce native conifers to this region, but changes in the shrub community jeopardize this effort, as rhododendron inhibits the growth and dispersal of these conifers (e.g., red spruce). Our results show that rhododendron shrubs are expanding into areas of the forest from which they have previously been restricted. Use of these remote sensing methods may allow better habitat suitability mapping, leading to better targeted restoration efforts and more‐informed ecosystem forecasts.
Chemical and Sensory Characteristics of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Produced in Central Iberian Peninsula Under the Protected Designation of Origin Quality Scheme
Authors: Fregapane Giuseppe , Salvador Maria Desamparados 
Published: September 2018

The chemical and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) produced in the Spanish regions of Castilla‐La Mancha and Extremadura according to the protected designation of origin (PDO) quality scheme of the European Union are reviewed. This zone is the second in importance in Spain after the southern region of Andalusia. A total PDO olive trees cultivated surface of 694 800 ha, almost one‐third of the total, and some 380 related oil mills are currently registered in Spain. Cornicabra and Picual EVOOs − related to Montes de Toledo, Campo de Montiel, and Calatrava PDOs − are those with the highest intensity of bitterness and pungency, sensory attributes directly related to their higher content in phenolic compounds (556 ± 214 and 605 ± 180 mg kg−1, respectively). On the contrary, Manzanilla cacereña and Cornezuelo oils − associated with Gata‐Hurdes and Aceites Monterrubio PDOs − show a lower score in these two positive attributes. Differences in the fatty acid profile and in certain sterols and triterpenic alcohols (mainly total content, campesterol, Δ5‐Avenasterol, stigmasterol, and erythrodiol and uvaol) may be useful, not without difficulties and in combination with other families of chemical compounds (e.g., individual phenolics and volatiles) to discriminate between olive oils obtained from different varieties or geographical areas.Practical Applications: It is relevant to gather and compare the chemical and sensory characteristics of the PDO EVOOs produced in the central Iberian Peninsula, the second main zone of economic importance in Spain. Indeed, providing clear information on olive oils linked to geographical origin is of interest to farmers and producers and furthermore enable consumers to make more informed purchasing choices. A critical review on published data is also useful to focus the design of future studies needed for achieving the full characterization of these EVOOs.The chemical and sensory characteristics of the extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) produced according to the protected designation of origin (PDO) quality scheme in the central Iberian Peninsula, the Spanish regions of Castilla‐La Mancha (4 PDOs), and Extremadura (2 PDOs) are reviewed. This geographical zone is the second in Spain regarding cultivated surface and oil production after the southern region of Andalusia.
Atemporal osseointegration: Early biomechanical stability through osseodensification
Authors: Alifarag Adham M. , Lopez Christopher D. , Neiva Rodrigo F. , Tovar Nick , Witek Lukasz , Coelho Paulo G. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTOsseointegration, the direct functional and structural connection between device and bone is influenced by multiple factors such as implant macrogeometry and surgical technique. This study investigated the effects of osseodensification drilling techniques on implant stability and osseointegration using trabecular metal (TM) and tapered‐screw vent (TSV) implants in a low‐density bone. Six skeletally mature sheep were used where six osteotomy sites were prepared in each of the ilia, (n = 2/technique: Regular [R] (subtractive), clockwise [CW], and counterclockwise [CCW]). One TM and one TSV implant was subsequently placed with R osteotomy sites prepared using a conventional (subtractive) drilling protocol as recommended by the implant manufacturer for low density bone. CW and CCW drilling sites were subjected to osseodensification (OD) (additive) drilling. Evaluation of insertion torque as a function of drilling technique showed implants subjected to R drilling yielded a significant lower insertion torque relative to samples implanted in OD (CW/CCW) sites (p < 0.05). Histomorphometric analysis shows that the osseodensification demonstrates significantly greater values for bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO). Histological analysis shows the presence of bone remnants, which acted as nucleating surfaces for osteoblastic bone deposition, facilitating the bridging of bone between the surrounding native bone and implant surface, as well as within the open spaces of the trabecular network in the TM implants. Devices that were implanted via OD demonstrated atemporal biomechanical stability and osseointegration. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2516–2523, 2018.