bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: The effect of implementing a tobacco treatment service on adherence to evidence‐based practice in an inpatient state‐owned psychiatric hospital
Authors: Okoli Chizimuzo T. C. , Al‐Mrayat Yazan D. , Stead Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) requires reporting of specific tobacco treatment (TT) measures. We examined compliance to these measures before and after initiation of a specialized TT service in a state‐psychiatric hospital.MethodsUsing a retrospective analysis, patient records (N = 3669) were examined, using one‐way ANOVAs, for changes in rates of tobacco use screening and treatment between September–December 2015 (pre‐implementation of CMS requirements), and January–April, May–August, and September–December 2016 (post‐implementation of the CMS requirements).ResultsWe found significant increases, between Sep–Dec 2015 and Sep–Dec 2016, in the rates of tobacco use screening (93.4–95.3%, F [3, 12] = 7.39, p = .005), offering TT counseling (68.1–76.5%, F [1] = 18.59, p = .001) and medications (71.7–76.5%, F [1] = 5.86, p = .032).Conclusions and SignificanceOur findings can provide guidance to enhance compliance with TT measures in psychiatric settings. (Am J Addict 2018;27:368–371)
Role of the ultrasonographic ‘whirlpool sign’ in intestinal volvulus: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Enyuma Callistus O. A. , Adam Ahmed , Aigbodion Sunday J. , McDowall Jared , Gerber Louis , Buchanan Sean , Laher Abdullah E. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIntestinal volvulus is a potentially life‐threatening condition that occurs when loops of bowel twist around its supporting mesentery and associated vasculature. Clinicians often rely on various radiological investigations for prompt diagnosis to avoid complications such as bowel infarction. This review assesses the clinical reliability of the ultrasonographic whirlpool sign (WS) in the diagnosis of intestinal volvulus.MethodsIn adherence with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analyses) statement, a systematic search of BMJ Best Practice, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases was performed (August 2017), using relevant search terms. Selected studies were ranked for quality and relevance using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program) tool.ResultsSixteen articles (1640 participants) were assessed. The mean and median sample size was 102.5 (SD ± 192.23) and 28 (range 7–770), respectively. The WS was positive in 212 of 255 (83.1%) patients with intestinal volvulus. Meta‐analysis of the studies that provided sufficient data resulted in a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 87.42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81.05–92.25) and 98.63% (95% CI: 97.88–99.18), respectively, with an estimated summary effect of 5.28 (95% CI: 4.47–6.08, P < 0.001). There was negligible inter‐study heterogeneity, which was suggested by an I2 statistic of 0% (95% CI: 0.00–76.34) and a τ2 parameter of 0 (95% CI: 0.00–5.35).ConclusionThough the pooled sensitivity was less than ideal (87.42%), this review and meta‐analysis nevertheless supports the reliability of the ultrasonographic WS as an acceptable indicator of intestinal volvulus.
Long‐Term Health Implications of Students’ Friendship Formation during the Transition to University
Authors: Klaiber Patrick , Whillans Ashley V. , Chen Frances S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe transition to university is a major life change wherein young adults’ primary support system shifts from the family to peers. Can change in social integration (operationalised as number of friends) during the first term at university contribute to students’ health years later, and if so, how?MethodsThe friendship formation of 67 students at a large Canadian university was assessed during their first term. These data were used to predict self‐reported health and health behaviors (physical exercise, diet, tobacco, alcohol and marijuana consumption) at a follow‐up assessment that occurred near the end of their time at university (2 or 3 years later).ResultsLinear regression models showed that students who made more friends in their first term reported better health and a healthier diet at the follow‐up (2 or 3 years later). Perceived social support at the follow‐up mediated the relationship between friendship formation and self‐reported health but not diet.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for both (1) an indirect effect of friendship formation on self‐reported health via perceived social support, and (2) a direct effect of friendship formation on a healthy diet. Broadly, these results highlight the importance of friendship formation and social integration for the long‐term well‐being of university students.
Follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging/3D‐magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: challenging for experts to interpret
Authors: Zenouzi R. , Liwinski T. , Yamamura J. , Weiler‐Normann C. , Sebode M. , Keller S. , Lohse A. W. , Schramm C. ,   the International PSC Study Group (IPSCSG)
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundIn patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is performed by many centres, particularly for the early detection of biliary malignancies and strictures. Clinically meaningful MRI‐based definitions of primary sclerosing cholangitis related complications are, however, lacking.AimTo investigate how primary sclerosing cholangitis experts interpret follow‐up MRI/MRCP with a focus on conclusions that may impact clinical decision‐making in primary sclerosing cholangitis.MethodsWithin the International Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Study Group, an online survey on 16 real‐life primary sclerosing cholangitis cases including clinical and biochemical information as well as a T2‐weighted liver MRI/3D‐MRCP was conducted. The interpretation of images and subsequent recommendations were assessed using a multiple‐choice questionnaire. An inter‐rater reliability calculation (Fleiss′ kappa) was performed and factors potentially affecting the interpretation of magnetic resonance images were analysed using generalised linear mixed‐effect models.ResultsForty‐four members/associates of the International Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Study Group (median experience in the care of primary sclerosing cholangitis patients: 14 years) completed the survey. The MRI interpretation significantly varied among the participants. The lowest agreement was found with respect to the indication to perform subsequent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; Κ = 0.12, 95%CI 0.11‐0.14). Elevated total bilirubin was the variable with the strongest effect on the rate of suspected dominant strictures, cholangiocarcinoma or ERCP recommendations. Liver cirrhosis did not prevent participants from recommending ERCP. Overall, the survey participants′ recommendations contrasted the real‐life management and outcome.ConclusionsIn primary sclerosing cholangitis, the interpretation of follow‐up MRI/3D‐MRCP significantly varies even among experts and seems to be primarily affected by bilirubin levels. Generally accepted MRI‐based definitions of primary sclerosing cholangitis‐related complications are urgently needed.
Union's inspiration: Universal health care and the essential partiality of solidarity
Authors: Derpmann Simon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSolidarity is commonly invoked in the justification of public health care. This is understandable, as calls for and appeals to solidarity are effective in the mobilization of unison action and the willingness to incur sacrifices for others. However, the reference to solidarity as a moral notion requires caution, as there is no agreement on the meaning of solidarity. The article argues that the reference to solidarity as a normative notion is relevant to health‐related moral claims, but that it does not provide a convincing foundation of claims to universal health care. References to universal solidarity obliterate an important distinction between those moral demands that are founded on principles like justice, recognition, or humanity, and those demands that stem from partisan relations in communities. While there is no ‘separate essence’ of solidarity that could be referred to in order to argue for the conceptual necessity of solidarity's partiality, some features may reasonably be stipulated as being essential to solidarity with a view to its systematic function within moral philosophy. The normative and motivational force of the ties invoked by solidarity is particularly relevant when basic moral demands are not met, and societies are in need of significant forms of communal relatedness.
Virtual collaborative gaming as social skills training for high‐functioning autistic children
Authors: Ke Fengfeng , Moon Jewoong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing OpenSimulator, we constructed a 3D virtual playground that affords competition‐themed social gaming, role‐play gaming and design‐themed architectural gaming among high‐functioning autistic (HFA) children. A mixed‐method, multi‐case study was conducted to examine the association between the game task and setting features, learners' participation patterns, and their game‐based social interaction performance. Eight 10–14‐year‐old HFA children participated in the study. Data were collected via screen recording and observation of participants' gaming actions and reactions. We conducted a behavioral analysis with the recorded social interaction performance of participants in the virtual gaming sessions. The study found that virtual reality‐based gameplay promoted the social interaction performance of HFA children. The study findings also suggested that gameplay should be adapted based on the competencies and in‐situ reactions of learners.
Leukodystrophies due to astroyctic dysfunction
Authors: Bugiani Marianna , Breur Marjolein 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLeukodystrophies are genetically determined disorders due to defects in any structural components of the brain white matter. This mini‐symposium presents a selection of leukodystrophies due to astrocytic dysfunction, the astrocytopathies. Examples are provided of astrocytopathies due to defects in astrocyte‐specific proteins and in which astrocytes play a major role in the pathophysiology. Knowledge on the disease mechanisms underlying these leukodystrophies also provides information how loss of physiologic functions and gain of detrimental functions in astrocytes leads to degeneration of the white matter.
Microscopic colitis: a population‐based case series over a 9‐year period in Northern Ireland
Authors: Moore M. , Coleman H. G. , Allen P. B. , Loughrey M. B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimWe report clinicopathological experience of microscopic colitis (MC) in a population‐based case series in Northern Ireland over a 9‐year period.MethodThe pathology laboratory information system within a large teaching centre serving two healthcare trusts was interrogated for cases coded between 2008 and 2016 as collagenous colitis (CC) or lymphocytic colitis (LC). Demographic, clinical and follow‐up information was collected from healthcare records.ResultsA total of 326 new diagnoses of MC were identified, an average annual incidence of 6.7 per 100 000 population. The average annual incidence of CC and LC was 5.0 and 1.7 per 100 000 population, respectively. For coding reasons it is likely that LC data are incomplete. Of 191 cases diagnosed by specialist gastrointestinal pathologists, 141 patients had CC and 50 patients had LC. Both CC and LC predominantly involved women aged 60–79. Some 15% demonstrated endoscopic abnormalities. Endoscopic sampling protocols varied widely: 30% of individuals with CC and 32% of those with LC had the right and left colon sampled separately, with histology concordant in 95% of cases. Of the 191 cases, only one case (of LC) was refractory to treatment; the rest exhibited a clinical response. Only 35 patients had follow‐up endoscopy and biopsies, and three of each diagnosis showed persistent disease on histology.ConclusionOverall, CC and LC are benign conditions with similar demographics, clinical associations, management and outcomes. Separate sampling of the right and left colon is advised at colonoscopy if this diagnosis is being considered, but left colonic sampling, which can be performed at flexible sigmoidoscopy, will diagnose the vast majority of cases.
Irreplaceability and the intentionality of sexual arousal
Authors: Hershfield Jeffrey 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhilosophers writing about the intentionality of sexual arousal have generally been of two minds. One approach likens it to an appetite that aims at a distinctive type of gratification. A second treats it as the attempt, through a process of embodiment, to unite with a transcendental self. The first model lays stress on the fungibility of the object of sexual desire: the body and certain of its parts. The latter sees arousal as burdened with impossible satisfaction conditions based on an extravagant metaphysics of the self. In this paper, I defend an account that emphasizes the cooperative element in arousal and assimilates its content to that of other such social activities. This preserves the central place of the self in the intentionality of arousal in a way that is metaphysically benign and that ultimately avoids treating sex as a sui generis form of human interaction.
On the notch sensitivity of flax fibre metal laminates under static and fatigue loading
Authors: Kandare E. , Yoo S. , Chevali V.S. , Khatibi A.A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDamage progression and failure characteristics of open‐hole flax fibre aluminium laminate (flax‐FML) specimens subjected to quasi‐static tensile or tension‐tension fatigue loading were experimentally investigated. Notched and unnotched flax‐FML composites exhibited brittle fracture with little or no fibre pull‐out and minimal delamination at the aluminium/adhesive interface. The flax‐FMLs were tested to failure under tension‐tension fatigue loading conditions (Rratio of 0.1; frequency of 10 Hz; applied fatigue stresses ranging between 30% and 80% of the respective ultimate tensile strength values). The fatigue cycles to failure decreased with the increase in the applied fatigue stress and hole diameter. A phenomenological modelling technique was developed to evaluate the fatigue life of an open‐hole flax‐FML composite. Fatigue tests on specimens subjected to a maximum load equivalent to 35% of the respective tensile failure strength were interrupted at around 85% of the corresponding fatigue life. The accumulated fatigue damage in these specimens was characterised using X‐ray computed tomography. For benchmarking purposes, the fatigue performance and related damage progression in the flax‐FML composite were compared with those of the glass‐FMLs.
Why Springs Bubble: A Framework for Gas Discharge in Groundwater
Authors: Agnew Robert J. , Halihan Todd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe mechanisms leading to the formation of bubbles in springs and wells have received minimal attention beyond causation. Free‐phase gas quantification provides insight into a range of topics, from hazards that need to be managed to the economic value of soda waters. The presence of free‐phase gas or vapor bubbles in groundwater may provide valuable information about the subsurface flow system. Additionally, free‐phase gas or vapor bubbles may strip dissolved gasses from solution and introduce error into the assessment of gasses in springs, affecting analyses such as groundwater dating techniques. Similar to Meinzer's (1927) classification of springs by discharge rate, this paper proposes a framework for discussing free‐phase gas and bubble phenomenon in groundwater to organize literature and foster future research. The naming, description, and categorization of free‐phase gas or bubbles in groundwater provided in this review use seven common bubble manifestations or facies. These facies are based upon the processes in which the groundwater is charged with a gaseous species and the processes that bring the gas out of solution. Gas bubbles found in groundwater rarely occur as a single gas; therefore, these facies may overlap, but the proposed structure provides a useful framework. A glossary of bubble terms is provided to assist in clarity of describing free‐phase gas phenomena.
High‐throughput sequencing for diagnosing platelet disorders: lessons learned from exploring the causes of bleeding disorders
Authors: Heremans J. , Freson K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by multiple genetic defects. Obtaining a molecular diagnosis for IPD patients using a phenotype‐ and laboratory‐based approach is complex, expensive, time‐consuming, and not always successful. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) methods offer a genotype‐based approach to facilitate molecular diagnostics. Such approaches are expected to decrease time to diagnosis, increase the diagnostic rate, and they have provided novel insights into the genotype‐phenotype correlation of IPDs. Some of these approaches have also focused on the discovery of novel genes and unexpected molecular pathways which modulate megakaryocyte and platelet biology were discovered. A growing number of genetic defects underlying IPDs have been identified and we will here provide an overview of the diverse molecular players. Screening of these genes will deliver a genetic diagnosis for about 40%‐50% of the IPDs patients and we will compare different HTS applications that have been developed. A brief focus on gene variant interpretation and classification in a diagnostic setting will be given. Although it is true that successes in diagnostics and gene discovery have been reached, a large fraction of patients still remains without a conclusive diagnosis. In these patients, the sum of non‐diagnostic variants in known genes or in potential novel genes might only be proven informative in future studies with larger patient cohorts and by data sharing among the diverse genome medicine initiatives. Finally, we still do not understand the role of the non‐coding genome space for IPDs.
Image processing and machine learning in the morphological analysis of blood cells
Authors: Rodellar J. , Alférez S. , Acevedo A. , Molina A. , Merino A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis review focuses on how image processing and machine learning can be useful for the morphological characterization and automatic recognition of cell images captured from peripheral blood smears.MethodsThe basics of the 3 core elements (segmentation, quantitative features, and classification) are outlined, and recent literature is discussed. Although red blood cells are a significant part of this context, this study focuses on malignant lymphoid cells and blast cells.ResultsThere is no doubt that these technologies may help the cytologist to perform efficient, objective, and fast morphological analysis of blood cells. They may also help in the interpretation of some morphological features and may serve as learning and survey tools.ConclusionAlthough research is still needed, it is important to define screening strategies to exploit the potential of image‐based automatic recognition systems integrated in the daily routine of laboratories along with other analysis methodologies.
Present status and perspective of laboratory hematology in Japan: On the standardization of blood cell morphology including myelodysplasia: On behalf of the Japanese Society for Laboratory Hematology
Authors: Tohyama K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Japanese Society for Laboratory Hematology (JSLH) was launched in 2000 and has been developed by a mutual collaboration of hematologists, medical technologists, and the companies involved in hematological laboratory testing. The aim of JSLH is the progress and development of laboratory hematology by academic conferences, periodic publication of academic journal, training and education (in the meeting, the journal, or the website), promotion of the standardization of laboratory hematology, and certification of the laboratory hematology specialists. Among 3 specialized committees organized for the standardization of laboratory hematology, the standardization committee on blood cell morphology has been dealing with the various projects on peripheral/bone marrow blood cells and normal/abnormal morphology. Another independent organization, the Japanese National Research Group on idiopathic bone marrow failure syndromes (BMF), has raised the importance of the dysplasia of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and has been conducting the prospective registration, central review, and follow‐up study of MDS. This group recently proposed the grading system for diagnostic accuracy of MDS, and the detailed procedure of morphological diagnosis of MDS is presented in the specialized color atlas with typical photographs of various dysplasia. JSLH has also approved the grading system for diagnostic accuracy of MDS and adopted this standardized diagnostic system to the educational item for certification of the laboratory hematology specialists, aiming at a nationwidely expanding morphological evaluation of myelodysplasia. Further and significant progress in the standardization of blood cell morphology will be expected in Japan through the activity of JSLH.
Preventive effect of nicorandil on contrast‐induced nephropathy: a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Li Shuang , Wang Lin , Liu Yucai , Hu Qiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common and serious side‐effect in patients undergoing angiocardiography or radiological procedures.AimTo assess comprehensively the impact of nicorandil on CIN, by gathering currently available data.MethodsWe searched three main electric databases (Medline/PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from inception through April 2017.ResultsFour randomised controlled trials involving 730 participants were included. Pooled estimate showed that nicorandil significantly reduced the rate of CIN by 64% (risk ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22–0.61, I2 = 31%), compared with control. Nicorandil also significantly decreased serum creatinine level compared with control (mean difference (MD) = −2.70%, 95% CI: −5.21 to −0.20 for percentage change; and standard MD = −0.30, 95% CI: −0.48 to −0.13 for absolute change from baseline). In comparison to control, nicorandil was associated with a non‐significant trend towards decreased cystatin C (MD = −2.18%, 95% CI: −4.39 to 0.02 for percentage change; and MD = −0.08 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.24 to 0.09 mg/dL for absolute change from baseline).ConclusionNicorandil can protect renal function and reduce the incidence of CIN in patients exposed to contrast medium. Nicorandil is an additional option in preventing CIN.
Upconversion luminescence enhancement of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals induced by the surface plasmon resonance of nonstoichiometric WO2.72 semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Hailu , Yang Zhengwen , Ma Yingjin , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUpconversion luminescence of rare‐earth ions doped nanoparticles can be enhanced by the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of noble metals nanoparticles, which was extensively investigated. The semiconductor nanomaterials such as the WO2.72 exhibited the tunable LSPR, which provide the possibility for the luminescence enhancement of upconversion nanoparticles. In this work, the urchin‐like WO2.72 was successfully prepared by solvothermal method, exhibiting the LSPR in the near infrared region. The influence of LSPR of WO2.72 on the upconversion luminescence of NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles was investigated firstly. The 525, 542, and 660 nm upconversion luminescence of NaYF4: Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles was increased by the 10, 8, and 12 factors, respectively, which was from the enhanced excitation field induced by the WO2.72 film.