bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implement Algorithm to Reduce Effect of Snowy Weather in North of Iraq on Fso Signal
Authors: Jabar Hashem A. , Fayadh Rashid A. 
Published: October 2018

Free space optic (FSO) is now a well-established access technology that commonly start using in wireless data transmission because of its large advantage like cost effective and Line-Of-Sight (LOS) permission which lead this technology to be more secure and get own to everyone. While radio frequency (RF) travels using optical fiber through weather atmospheric, large phenomena like (Rain-fog/haze-snow and temperature) works to block laser beam from reaching its receiver. Optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a hot topic due to its large advantage such as permitting large number of user to transmit large amount of data using single optical laser beam , but multiple users share single laser beam lead to increase multiple access interference (MAI) which primary deteriorates the performance of OCDMA. Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (SCM) is used in the system to multiplex multiple data stream on single laser beam. Spectral Amplitude Coding (SAC) technique used to enhance FSO signal by allocate own spectrum to each user, this technique generate code called Multi-Diagonal (MD) code that allow zero interaction between user data. This paper focused on the effect of snowy weather in north of Iraq on the FSO signal by using (SCM-SAC-OCDMA) based on multi-diagonal code and determined the distance between the transverse with approach bit error rate (BER) in the receiver side. Based on the system result data can travel through [0.4 - 4] Km as transmission distance under different snow rate with BER between [].
РІВНІ ТА СТРУКТУРА ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ
Authors: Petrovska Inga 
Published: October 2018

Громадянська ідентичність відноситься до соціальної ідентичності, зокрема до такої специфічної її форми як організаційна ідентичність. Об’єктами громадянської ідентифікації (аналогічно до об'єктів організаційної ідентифікації) є спільнота громадян (аналог колективу організації; спільнота зі спільними і типовими проблемами організації їхнього життя, що об’єднані територією, на якій діють закони певної держави) і держава (організація в цілому; держава як організація суспільства). Громадянська ідентичність особистості виявляється на індивідуальному та соціальному рівнях. Соціальний рівень поділяється у відповідності до об’єктів громадянської ідентифікації, на груповий (колективний) та інституціональний (організаційний). На інституціональному («громадянин – держава») рівні мова йде про включення особистості в правовий, економічний, аксіологічний, символічний простір держави; особливості соціальної перцепції особистістю держави, образ держави, довіру і лояльність до неї і т.п. Груповий («громадянин – спільнота громадян») рівень передбачає включеність особистості в спільноту громадян, підкріплену (або ні) суб'єктивним почуттям внутрішньої єдності зі своїми співвітчизниками, почуттям громадянської спільності (почуття «Ми») – переживанням взаємозв’язку, солідарності, спільності історичної долі та типовості проблем життя з іншими громадянами. Індивідуальний (персональний, «Я як громадянин») – рівень особистісних самокатегоризацій (виявляються як індивідуально-відмінні характеристики), індивідуального осмислення громадянської належності разом з емоційно-ціннісним наповненням; переживання сенсу і цінності власного життя в даному соціумі. Громадянська ідентичність становить собою єдність когнітивного (усвідомлення своєї належності до держави в якості її громадянина та спільноти громадян; знання, уявлення щодо держави, громадянства та громадян), ціннісного (суб’єктивна значущість, важливість членства; поділяння державницьких цінностей та цінностей громадянської спільноти), афективного (емоційне ставлення до свого членства, переживання «моє/не моє», почуття гордості, сорому, патріотизму тощо), конативного (зумовлює громадянську поведінку) компонентів. При створенні діагностичного інструментарію для дослідження громадянської ідентичності пропонуємо використовувати асоціативний тест, психомалюнок та метод семантичного диференціалу.
ЕМПІРИЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОРАЛЬНОЇ СВІДОМОСТІ ТА МОРАЛЬНО-ЕТИЧНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ
Authors: Tymosh Yuliya 
Published: October 2018

У статті відображено результати теоретичного та емпіричного дослідження моральної свідомості та морально-етичної відповідальності студентів. Зазначено, що моральна свідомість, як складне психологічне утворення, має певні свої рівні, форми й певну структуру. Також зазначено, що особливо важливим саме в студентському віці, при освоєнні професійних норм є феномен морально-етичної відповідальності. Адже цей період є базою для вибору життєвої стратегії, у якій саме морально-етична відповідальність спеціаліста перед суспільством, іншими людьми, самим собою за результати власної діяльності відіграє найважливішу роль.
Досліджено, що морально-етична відповідальність пронизує усі стадії моральної свідомості студентів, характеризуючи їхню спрямованість на розмежування добра і зла із важливістю задоволення власних потреб, наслідування норм і правил, встановлених суспільством, і зрештою на досягнення вищих цінностей, пов’язаних із духовною сферою особистості. Встановлено, що переважна більшість студентів має високий і середній рівні морально-етичної відповідальності, що свідчить про високорозвинену рефлексію та інтуїцію у вирішенні суперечливих життєвих ситуацій, високу моральність і екзистенційну відповідальність. Таким чином, дана вибірка є відповідною для ґрунтовного дослідження особливостей моральної свідомості, її проявів та психосемантичної організації.
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND EARNINGS QUALITY: AN EXAMINATION ON BORSA ISTANBUL
Authors: SEVİMLİ ÖRGÜN Gamze , AYGÜN Mehmet 
Published: October 2018

Earnings quality has become an important concept in accounting and finance
literature in recent years and a number of studies on the subject have been
made. In this study, the relationship between ownership structure and earnings
quality is examined. The study in which
benefited 130 companies registered in the stock exchange Istanbul are used
covers 2014-2015 years. In the study,
institutional ownership, managerial ownership, foreign ownership and dispersed
ownership were used as indicators of ownership structure. Discretionary
accruals have been used as indicators of earnings quality consistent with the literature.
In the result of the study, a positive and statistically significant
relationship is found between earnings
quality and foreign ownership which is used as the ownership structure
indicatorHowever, a significant relationship has not been obtained between earnings quality and the other
ownership structure indicators.
THE ANALYIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCES OF LAND AND SEA FREIGHT TRANSPORT SECTORS: A RESEARCH ON SECTOR BALANCE SHEETS OF CENTRAL BANK OF TURKEY
Authors: DERAN Ali , ERDURU İncilay 
Published: October 2018

Taşımacılık
insanlığın varoluşu ile birlikte ortaya çıkan ve kişileri/işletmeleri küresel
dünya ekonomisine taşıyan en önemli lojistik faaliyetten biridir. İşletmeler
lojistik ağ yapıları içerisinde hammadde ve malzemelerin temin edilmesinde,
üretim sürecine verilmesinde ve üretilen nihai mamullerin dağıtım kanallarına
sevki sırasında taşıma faaliyetini yoğun bir şekilde kullanmaktadır. İşletmeler
söz konusu faaliyetleri, kendi bünyelerinde tesis ettikleri birimler ile
gerçekleştirebildikleri gibi üçüncü parti ya da dördüncü parti lojistik hizmet
sağlayıcılarından taşıma hizmeti alarak da gerçekleştirebilmektedir.
İşletmelere taşıma hizmeti veren işletmelerin gerek likit varlıklarının ve
duran varlıklarının yapısının gerekse bu varlıklarını finanse etme şeklinin
farklılığı, bu işletmelerin finansal performanslarında da farklılık
yaratmaktadır.

Bu
kapsamda 2013-2015 yılları arasında Türkiye’de karayolu ve denizyolu yük
taşımacılığı sektörlerinin finansal performanslarının gelişimleri ve finansal
performans açısından sektörler arasında farklılık olup olmadığının tespit
edilmesi bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası sektör
bilançolarından elde edilen veriler, oran analizi yöntemi kullanılarak analize
tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen verilerden denizyolu yük
taşımacılığı sektörünün likitide ve finansal yapısının, karayolu yük
taşımacılığı sektörüne göre daha güçlü olduğu buna karşılık kârlılıklarının
daha düşük ve varlıklarını daha az etkinlikle kullanabildikleri tespit
edilmiştir.
ENTEGRE RAPORLAMADA İÇERİK ANALİZİ: ÖDÜLLÜ RAPORLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ALAGÖZ Ali , ALLAHVERDİ Metin , ORTAKARPUZ Metehan 
Published: October 2018

Entegre
raporlama, yeni bir raporlama sistemi olarak işletmelerin raporlama programlarına
dahil edilmesine ve çeşitli kuruluşlar tarafından çerçevesinin belirlenme
çalışılmalarına rağmen, uygulayıcıları açısından kat edilmesi gereken uzun bir
yol olarak görülmektedir. Bu noktada en büyük tartışma, raporlamanın
içeriğindeki belirsizlikler nedeniyle, raporun tam olarak nasıl görünmesi
gerektiği konusunda olmaktadır. Bu bakış
açısıyla çalışma, söz konusu tartışma ve belirsizliklere ilişkin entegre
raporlamanın içeriğinin belirlenmesinde, raporlama çevresine yol gösterici
olması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında verilerin toplanması için
içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada iki önemli bağımsız denetim
ve danışmanlık şirketinin 2016 yılında ödüle layık gördükleri entegre
raporların içerikleri, istatistiksel analizler ile nicelleştirilmiştir Yapılan
analizlerle şirketlerin raporlarda kullandıkları konular yoğunluklarına göre
kategorileştirilmiş, bulgular üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Değerlendirme sonucunda en yaygın içerik kullanımları üç kategori olarak gruplanarak
çalışmada optimum entegre rapor içeriği kapsamı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Hak Untuk Bebas Dari Perlakuan Diskriminasi
Authors: Kurnia Titon Slamet 
Published: October 2018

Judicial interpretation of the right to be free from discrimination is a central issue in the practice of judicial review of the constitutionality of legislation by the MKRI. This article tries to describe and systematize this practice and then to restate the legal principles as it is stated by the MKRI into its case law. This article finds that, as a matter of principle, the MKRI adopts two main tests i.e. strict scrutiny and rational basis test to determine whether a legislation is contrary to the principle of non-discrimination
Mahkamah Konstitusi dan Pseudo Judicial Review dalam Perkara Pemilukada
Authors: Nur Rachman Irfan 
Published: October 2018

Judicial review is the test act against UUD 1945 that is one authority the constitutional court. In testing legislation affairs, the constitutional court could have cancel or material handling charge article / ayat / part of a statute. But in the legal developments event at the constitutional court, turned in regional head affair how the constitutional court to review (pseudo judicial testing legislation specious) where the constitutional court to do our tests material charge / article ayat / or part of a statute. The research results show that on formil, judicial review the request in the matter of the act of testing and supplication pseudo judicial review in the matter of the results of the upcoming general election strife is different because be set by two types of laws the event under the authority of the different. However, in the context of judicial review of the verdict, construction and construction of pseudo judicial review similarities and differences will be discussed in the article below.
Prinsip Kebebasan Hakim dalam Memutus Perkara Sebagai Amanat Konstitusi
Authors: Adonara Firman Floranta 
Published: October 2018

The principle of judicial independence is part of the judicial power. Judicial power is independent of state power to conduct judiciary to uphold law and justice based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution, for the implementation of the legal state of the Republic of Indonesia, as requested Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution principle of judicial independence in carrying out his duties as a judge, it can give you the sense that judges in performing their duties of judicial power should not be bound by any and / or pressured by anyone, but free to do anything. The principle of judicial independence is an independence or freedom possessed by the judiciary for the creation of a decision that is both objective and impartial. The Indonesian judges understand and implement the meaning of judicial independence as a responsible freedom, freedom in order corridor legislation applicable to the principal duty of the judicial authorities in accordance procedural law and regulations in force without being influenced by the government, interests, pressure groups , print media, electronic media, and influential individuals.
Refraksi dan Alinasi Pengangkatan Hakim Konstitusi
Authors: Fajriyah Mira 
Published: October 2018

The Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court is an entry point of the independence and impartiality of The Constitutional Court in Indonesia. There is some refraction on the mechanism of the Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court either in the juridical case also in the socio-juridical case. In the juridical case, there is a substantive regulation flaw as be found in UUD N RI 1945, UU KK dan UU MK. In the socio-juridical case, there is three discourse points to change the mechanism of the Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court. Those discourse points consist of the context of requirement, the ultimate right enforcement of DPR, Presiden and Mahkamah Agung in the Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court which dealing the democratic principle, and the last is about the ideal composition of The Constitutional Court’s Justice based on their political background. Those juridical and socio-juridical cases have to guiding back to the characteristic of The Constitutional Court which will produce the alignment of The Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court. The concept is a juridical alignment that changing the regulation of mechanism of the Justice appointment of The Constitutional Court to fulfill the law hierarchy system and also to accommodate the socio-juridical case substantively and democratically.
Optimalisasi Peran Hakim Agung dalam Penyelesaian Perkara Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali
Authors: Machmudin Dudu Duswara 
Published: October 2018

This article aims to provide knowledge and understanding on the functions of the state law enforcement agencies in Indonesia. Differences of powers and functions of law enforcement agencies such as the Supreme Court, Attorney General’s Office and the Constitutional Court needs to be understood in depth. Furthermore, given the problems in all courts all over the world which is, among others, the slow settlement of cases, this article describes and analyses the role of Supreme Court Justices in resolving cassation and review cases before and after the issuance of the decree of the Chief Justice Number 119/KMA/SK/VII/2013 regarding the determination of the Day of Deliberation and Pronouncement and Number 214/KMA/SK/XII/2104 concerning Time Period for the Handling of Cases at the Supreme Court. However, when Constitutional Court pronounced Ruling Number 34/PUU-XI/2013 a problem arises in which the products of the two state judicial bodies seem to be inconsistent, especially in the framework for the resolution of criminal cases. On the one hand, the Supreme Court wants the creation of a judicial process that is simple, speedy, and low cost through the strengthening of the two products above, but on the other hand the Constitutional Court through its award extend the time span of litigation process for the settlement of review cases which can be done repeatedly. Thus, in order to provide legal certainty, the Supreme Court issued Supreme Court Circular Number 7 Year 2014 which essentially affirms that the petition for review in criminal cases is limited only one time based on other legal basis namely Judicial Authority Act and Supreme Court Act.
Yudisialisasi Politik dan Sikap Menahan Diri: Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Menguji Undang-Undang
Authors: Bisariyadi Bisariyadi 
Published: October 2018

In a review of the constitutionality of law or policy, the Constitutional Court can take an aggressive approach or choose to take self-restraint. Theoretical justification on the Court to change or made policy derived from the judicialization of politics. Global phenomenon indicates the shift of policy-making authority towards the judiciary. Consequently, policy makers shows resistence. Such conditions forced the Court to use a number of strategies to reduce political tensions between state institutions while at the same time the Court still protect the rights of citizens. The Court uses self-restraint approach to examine policies which in realm of legislative or executive discretion. This approach is referred to by the Court as an “open(ed) legal policy”. This study elaborates on the actions carried out by the Indonesian Constitutional Court to test the constitutionality of law or policy, both in the application of the judicialization of politics nor in the judicial restraint approach. In reality, the Court uses both of these approaches on review the constitutionality of law and policy.
Transparansi dan Partisipasi Publik dalam Rekrutmen Calon Hakim Konstitusi
Authors: Wijayanti Winda , Quraini M Nuzul , Putri R Siswantana 
Published: October 2018

Recruitment is not an arena of “hazing” and the addition of bureaucracy but a forum to explore the nature of integrity, capability, and independence of the candidates for constitutional judges. The process of recruiting candidates for constitutional judges to choose the recruitment system based on the principle of transparency, participatory, objective, and accountability to the people of the early stages and mechanisms of recruitment until the determination of the constitutional judges candidates that can lead to public confidence and form of democracy because of the position of the control and balance between state with people. Thus, the recruitment process needs to be accompanied by a written rule that can evolve as needed to create the best candidates for constitutional judges based recruitment process by filing recruitment agency and SOP (Standard Operational of Procedure). The problem is not on the persons making the recruitment, agency nominate candidates for judge, and the lack of setting the terms of the constitutional judge best candidate, but the choice of constitutional judges are recruited to promote open to the public process. DPR as one of the agency of the state to file a constitutional justice through the recruitment team can choose the right man in the right position through the selection of recruitment mechanism in accordance with the constitutional.
Ketidakpastian Hukum Kewenangan Lembaga Pembentuk Undang-Undang Akibat Pengabaian Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Widiarto Aan Eko 
Published: October 2018

The Indonesian House of Representatives and the President has established the Act Num. 17 Year 2014 on MPR, DPR, DPD, and the DPRD (Act MD3). The Act consists provisions that have been declared incompatible with the Constitution 1945 and does not have binding legal force by the Constitutional Court Decision Num. 92/PUU-X/2012. The result is a duality norm. The first norm is the norm authorizes the establishment of laws that have already been decided in the judgment of the Constitutional Court No. 92/PUU-X/2012. The second norm is the new norm about authority of making laws specified in the Act MD3. Both of norms are contrary, so in the implementation (rechtstoepassing), House of Representatives, and the President is faced with two choices provisions of legislation. DPD authority in making the draft law becomes blurred. Similarly for the House of Representatives and the President also no certainty authority in relationship with DPD in the act making process. Should the House of Representatives and the President uphold the principle of self respect or self obidence (the government should respect the decisions of the judiciary).
USING UML SCENARIOS IN B2B SYSTEMS
Authors: Jakimi A. , Sabraoui A. , Badidi E. , Salah A. , Koutbi M. El 
Published: October 2018

Scenarios has become a popular technique for requirements elicitation and specification building. Since scenarios capture only partial descriptions of the system behavior, an approach for scenario composition and/or integration is needed to produce more complete specifications. The Unified Modeling Language (UML), which has become a standard notation for object-oriented modeling, provides a suitable framework for scenario acquisition using Use Case diagrams and Sequence or Collaboration diagrams. In this paper, we suggest an algorithmic and tool support for composing and integrating scenarios that are represented in form of sequence diagrams. We suggest four operators (;: sequential operator, ||: concurrent operator, ?: conditional operator andÂ * :iteration operator) to compose a set of scenarios that describe a use case of a given system. In this paper, we suggest also to apply the scenario approach to B2B systems (Business to Business). We propose to develop B2B systems as a three activities process deriving formal specifications and code skeletons from UML scenarios. Activities of this proposed process are generally automatic and are supported by a set of developed algorithms and tools.
WAVE SCATTERING AT A TAPERED FREE END OF AN ELASTIC PLATE
Authors: Al-Nassar Yagoub Nassar 
Published: October 2018

This paper focuses on the interaction of SH elastic waves in a plate with a tapered free end. The plate is modeled as a semi-infinite elastic structure, which was assumed to have traction-free surfaces. The results of the analysis based on mode matching are presented for various combinations of normalized frequencies and angles of free end inclination. The reported observations form important guidelines for the interpretation of experimental data when using horizontally polarized wave as a mean for nondestructive evaluation of elastic plates. ABSTRAK: Kertas kerja ini adalah khusus berkenaan interaksi gelombang anjal SH di dalam plat yang mempunyai hujung bebas yang tirus. Plat ini dimodelkan sebagai satu struktur elastik separa tak terhingga, yang diandaikan mempunyai permukaan nirgeseran. Keputusan analisis berdasarkan mod pemadanan dibentangkan untuk pelbagai kombinasi frekuensi ternormal dan sudut kecondongan hujung bebas. Pemerhatian yang dibentangkan memberi panduan penting dalam menginterpretasi data eksperimental penggunaan gelombang berkutub mendatar sebagai satu kaedah penilaian tanpa musnah plat anjal.