bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holding up one’s end of the conversation in spoken English
Authors: Castello Erik , Gesuato1 Sara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the use of lexical backchannels in the discourse of L2 English users sitting Trinity College London’s Graded Examinations in Spoken English (GESE). It is based on theTrinity Lancaster Corpus Sampleand explores the language produced during the Discussion, Conversation and Interactive tasks of the language examinations by L2 English users from Chinese, Indian and Italian linguistic backgrounds, whose proficiency ranges from the B2 to C2 levels (i.e. high intermediate, advanced, expert) of the CEFR. The findings suggest that the L2 users with an Italian background and to a lesser extent those with a Chinese background often supported their examiners’ turns with items conveying uncertainty, while those with an Indian background with items of certainty. Furthermore, the L1 Chinese speakers used lexical backchannels the most, especially those expressing surprise or request for confirmation, while the speakers from India used them the least. Implications for the assessment of oral proficiency are discussed.
An ally to the people: EU membership conditionality and Albanians’ attitudes toward EU membership
Authors: Peshkopia Ridvan 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
EU membership conditionality has been conceptualized as a dialogue between the EU and power elites of countries that aspire to join the Union. Research that inquire into the association between support for EU membership and conditions that the EU imposes on countries that aspire to join the Union remains scarce. Relying on data from a simple random sample of cellphone random digit dialing collected in summer 2015 in Albania, we found that people's view of EU membership conditionality as helping country's democratization firmly predicts support for their country's EU membership. Such a relationship outweighs respondents’ concerns of EU conditions encroachment upon country's sovereignty as well as their prioritizing of economic development, even though they might expect economic benefits from country's EU membership. Our findings suggest people's concerns over country's democratization to be the primary force behind their support for EU membership.
Ultracold collisions of polyatomic molecules: CaOH
Authors: Augustovičová Lucie D , Bohn John L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ultracold collisions of the polyatomic species CaOH are considered, in internal states where the collisions should be dominated by long-range dipole–dipole interactions. The computed rate constants suggest that evaporative cooling can be quite efficient for these species, provided they start at temperatures achievable by laser cooling. The rate constants are shown to become more favorable for evaporative cooling as the electric field increases. Moreover, long-range dimer states (CaOH)

2

*

are predicated to occur, having lifetimes on the order of microseconds.
Chern insulator in a ferromagnetic two-dimensional electron system with Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling
Authors: Chang Rui-An , Chang Ching-Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We propose a Chern insulator in a two-dimensional electron system with Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling, ferromagnetism, and spin-dependent effective mass. The analytically-obtained topological phase diagrams show the topological phase transitions induced by tuning the magnetization orientation with the Chern number varying between 1, 0, −1. The magnetization orientation tuning shown here is a more practical way of triggering the topological phase transitions than manipulating the exchange coupling that is no longer tunable after the fabrication of the system. The analytic results are confirmed by the band structure and transport calculations, showing the feasibility of this theoretical proposal. With the advanced and mature semiconductor engineering today, this Chern insulator is very possible to be experimentally realized and also promising to topological spintronics.
One-shot entanglement distillation beyond local operations and classical communication
Authors: Regula Bartosz , Fang Kun , Wang Xin , Gu Mile 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the task of entanglement distillation in the one-shot setting under different classes of quantum operations which extend the set of local operations and classical communication (LOCC). Establishing a general formalism which allows for a straightforward comparison of their exact achievable performance, we relate the fidelity of distillation under these classes of operations with a family of entanglement monotones and the rates of distillation with a class of smoothed entropic quantities based on the hypothesis testing relative entropy. We then characterise exactly the one-shot distillable entanglement of several classes of quantum states and reveal many simplifications in their manipulation. We show in particular that the ε-error one-shot distillable entanglement of any pure state is the same under all sets of operations ranging from one-way LOCC to separability-preserving operations or operations preserving the set of states with positive partial transpose, and can be computed exactly as a quadratically constrained linear program. We establish similar operational equivalences in the distillation of isotropic and maximally correlated states, reducing the computation of the relevant quantities to linear or semidefinite programs. We also show that all considered sets of operations achieve the same performance in environment-assisted entanglement distillation from any state.
Recent results on Heavy-Ion induced reactions of interest for 0νββ decay
Authors: Agodi C. , Cappuzzello F. , Acosta L. , Altana C. , Amador-Valenzuela P. , Auerbach N. , Barea J. , Bellone J.I. , Bijker R. , Bonanno D. , BorelloLewin T. , Boztosun I. , Branchina V. , Brasolin S. , Brischetto G. , Brunasso O. , Burrello S. , Calabrese S. , Calabretta L. , Calvo D. , Capirossi V. , Carbone D. , Cavallaro M. , Chen R. , Charon Garcia L.E. , Chávez Lomelí E.R. , Ciraldo I. , Colonna M. , D’Agostino G. , Djapo H. , De Geronimo G. , Delaunay F. , De Los Rios K. , Deshmukh N. , Ferraresi C. , Ferreira J.L. , Ferretti J. , Finocchiaro P. , Firat S. , Fisichella M. , Foti A. , Gallo G. , Garcia-Tecocoatzi H. , Hacisalihoglu A. , Huerta-Hernandez A. , Kotila J. , Kucuk Y. , Iazzi F. , La Fauci L. , Lanzalone G. , La Via F. , Lay J.A. , Lenske H. , Linares R. , Lo Presti D. , Lubian J. , Ma J. , Marín-Lámbarri D. , Mas Ruiz J. , Medina N. H. , Mendes D.R. , Mereu P. , Moralles M. , Neri L. , Oliveira J. R. B. , Pakou A. , Pandola L. , Petrascu H. , Pietralla N. , Pinna F. , Reito S. , Ries P. , Rodrigues M.R.D. , Russo A. D. , Russo G. , Santopinto E. , Santos R.B.B. , Serbina L. , Sgouros O. , da Silveira M.A.G. , Solakcı S.O. , Souliotis G. , Soukeras V. , Spatafora A. , Torresi D. , Tudisco S. , Vsevolodovna R.I.M. , Vargas Hernandez H. , Wang J.S. , Werner V. , Yang Y.Y. , Yildirim A. , Zagatto for the NUMEN collaboration V.A.B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An updated overview of recent results on Heavy-Ion induced reactions of interest for neutrinoless double beta decay is reported in the framework of the NUMEN project. The NUMEN idea is to study heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions with the aim to get information on the nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Moreover, to infer the neutrino average masses from the possible measurement of the half- life of 0νββ decay, the knowledge of the nuclear matrix elements is a crucial aspect.
Dark particle interpretation of the neutron decay anomaly
Authors: Fornal Bartosz , Grinstein Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
There is a long-standing discrepancy between the neutron lifetime measured in beam and bottle experiments. We propose to explain this anomaly by a dark decay channel for the neutron, involving a dark sector particle in the final state. If this particle is stable, it can be the dark matter. Its mass is close to the neutron mass, suggesting a connection between dark and baryonic matter. In the most interesting scenario a monochromatic photon with energy in the range 0.782 MeV – 1.664 MeV and branching fraction 1% is expected in the final state. We construct representative particle physics models consistent with all experimental constraints.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel joints fabricated by cold metal transfer welding
Authors: Zhou Jie , Shen Junqi , Hu Shengsun , Zhao Guancheng , Wang Qian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel joints were fabricated using ER308L austenitic filler metal via cold metal transfer welding technique. The weld metal consisted of ferrite and austenite, and the heat affected zone (HAZ) can be divided into coarse and fine grain zones. The precipitation of carbides, the formation of martensites at ferrite grain boundaries (intergranular martensites) and the growth of ferrite grains occurred in the coarse grain zone of HAZ. The content of intergranular martensite and precipitated carbide increases with the increase of heat input. The microhardness values increased from the weld metal to the coarse grain zone of HAZ, and decreased significantly in the fine grain zone. The increase of microhardness value from the weld metal to the coarse grain zone of HAZ is mainly due to the formation of a large amount of intergranular martensite and intragranular carbides. The microhardness of the base metal was lower than that of weld metal and HAZ. The welded joints showed good tensile properties and the fracture was located at the base metal for all samples. The fracture surface with uniformly distributed dimples indicated the typical ductile fracture feature.
Transactivation of SOX5 by Brachyury promotes breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Chen Ming , Zou Shitao , He Chao , Zhou Jundong , Li Suoyuan , Shen Minghong , Cheng Rulei , Wang Donglai , Zou Tianming , Yan Xueqi , Huang Ying , Shen Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe bone marrow has been long known to host a unique environment amenable to colonization by metastasizing tumor cells. Yet, the underlying molecular interactions which give rise to the high incidence of bone metastasis (BM) in breast cancer patients have long remained uncharacterized. In our study, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that Brachyury (Bry) could promote breast cancer BM. Bry drives epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes breast cancer aggressiveness. As an EMT driver, SOX5 involves in breast cancer metastasis and the specific function in BM. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed SOX5 is a direct downstream target gene of Bry. ChIP analysis and reporter assays identified two Bry-binding motifs; one consistent with the classic conserved binding sequence and the other a new motif sequence. This study demonstrates for the first time that Bry promotes breast cancer cells BM through activating SOX5. In clinical practice, targeting the Bry-Sox5-EMT pathway is evolving into a promising avenue for the prevention of bone metastatic relapse, therapeutic resistance and other aspects of breast cancer progression.Brachyury directly regulates the expression of SOX5 by binding to two motifs in its promoter region. The Bry-SOX5-EMT pathway may represent a potential target to develop treatments to prevent and treat bone metastasis from breast cancer.
A case report of cardiac amyloidosis presenting with chronic pericardial effusion and conduction block
Authors: John Kevin John , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Iyyadurai Ramya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Amyloidosis is caused by the deposition of abnormal proteins in the extracellular space of various organs. The clinical features of amyloidosis depend on the type of amyloid protein and the organ system involved.

Case summary
A 51-year-old woman developed complete heart block which warranted a permanent pacemaker insertion. She was referred for evaluation of chronic pericardial effusion. The patient had stable vital signs and muffled heart sounds on examination of the cardiovascular system. Her chest X-ray film showed a permanent pacemaker in situ, and echocardiogram showed a chronic pericardial effusion without features of tamponade. On further evaluation, she was found to have an M band on serum electrophoresis, elevated free light chain ratio and amyloid deposits in bone marrow biopsy. Technetium pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) scintigraphy was consistent with cardiac amyloidosis.

Discussion
Cardiac amyloidosis can have diverse clinical presentations. Chronic pericardial effusion and conduction block can be a rare presentation of cardiac amyloidosis and needs to be considered while evaluating the same. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and Tc-PYP imaging can be used in establishing the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis, if endomyocardial biopsy is not feasible.
Voriconazole efficacy against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei: preclinical data using a validated in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model
Authors: Beredaki Maria-Ioanna , Georgiou Panagiota-Christina , Siopi Maria , Kanioura Lamprini , Arendrup Maiken Cavling , Mouton Johan W , Meletiadis Joseph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundVoriconazole exhibits in vitro activity against Candida glabrata and Candida krusei (EUCAST/CLSI epidemiological cut-off values 1/0.25 and 1/0.5 mg/L, respectively). Yet, EUCAST found insufficient evidence to set breakpoints for these species. We explored voriconazole pharmacodynamics (PD) in an in vitro dynamic model simulating human pharmacokinetics (PK).MethodsFour C. glabrata and three C. krusei isolates (voriconazole EUCAST and CLSI MICs of 0.03–2 mg/L) were tested in the PK/PD model simulating voriconazole exposures (t½ ∼6 h q12h dosing for 3 days). PK/PD breakpoints were determined calculating the PTA for exposure indices fAUC0–24/MIC associated with half-maximal activity (EI50) using Monte Carlo simulation analysis.ResultsFungal load increased from 3.60 ± 0.35 to 8.41 ± 0.24 log10 cfu/mL in the drug-free control, with a maximum effect of ∼1 log10 kill of C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates with MICs of 0.06 and 0.25 mg/L, respectively, at high drug exposures. The 72 h log10 cfu/mL change versus fAUC0–24/MIC relationship followed a sigmoid curve for C. glabrata (R2=0.85–0.87) and C. krusei (R2=0.56–0.76) with EI50 of 49 (32–76) and 52 (33–78) fAUC/MIC for EUCAST and 55 (31–96) and 80 (42–152) fAUC/MIC for CLSI, respectively. The PTAs for C. glabrata and C. krusei isolates with EUCAST/CLSI MICs ≤0.125/≤0.06 mg/L were >95%. Isolates with EUCAST/CLSI MICs of 0.25–1/0.125–0.5 would require trough levels 1–4 mg/L; isolates with higher MICs would not attain the corresponding PK/PD targets without reaching toxicity.ConclusionsThe in vitro PK/PD breakpoints for C. glabrata and C. krusei for EUCAST (0.125 mg/L) and CLSI (0.06 mg/L) bisected the WT populations. Trough levels of >4 mg/L, which are not clinically feasible, are necessary for efficacy against WT isolates.
Drones: Innovative Technology for Use in Precision Pest Management
Authors: Iost Filho Fernando H , Heldens Wieke B , Kong Zhaodan , de Lange Elvira S 
Published: September 2019

AbstractArthropod pest outbreaks are unpredictable and not uniformly distributed within fields. Early outbreak detection and treatment application are inherent to effective pest management, allowing management decisions to be implemented before pests are well-established and crop losses accrue. Pest monitoring is time-consuming and may be hampered by lack of reliable or cost-effective sampling techniques. Thus, we argue that an important research challenge associated with enhanced sustainability of pest management in modern agriculture is developing and promoting improved crop monitoring procedures. Biotic stress, such as herbivory by arthropod pests, elicits physiological defense responses in plants, leading to changes in leaf reflectance. Advanced imaging technologies can detect such changes, and can, therefore, be used as noninvasive crop monitoring methods. Furthermore, novel methods of treatment precision application are required. Both sensing and actuation technologies can be mounted on equipment moving through fields (e.g., irrigation equipment), on (un)manned driving vehicles, and on small drones. In this review, we focus specifically on use of small unmanned aerial robots, or small drones, in agricultural systems. Acquired and processed canopy reflectance data obtained with sensing drones could potentially be transmitted as a digital map to guide a second type of drone, actuation drones, to deliver solutions to the identified pest hotspots, such as precision releases of natural enemies and/or precision-sprays of pesticides. We emphasize how sustainable pest management in 21st-century agriculture will depend heavily on novel technologies, and how this trend will lead to a growing need for multi-disciplinary research collaborations between agronomists, ecologists, software programmers, and engineers.
Impact of West Nile Virus on Bird Populations: Limited Lasting Effects, Evidence for Recovery, and Gaps in Our Understanding of Impacts on Ecosystems
Authors: Kilpatrick A Marm , Wheeler Sarah S 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The introduction of West Nile virus to North America in 1999 had profound impacts on human and wildlife health. Here, we review studies of WNV impacts on bird populations and find that overall impacts have been less than initially anticipated, with few species showing sustained changes in population size or demographic rates across multiple regions. This raises four questions: 1) What is the evidence for WNV impact on bird populations and how can we strengthen future analyses? We argue that future studies of WNV impacts should explicitly incorporate temporal variation in WNV transmission intensity, integrate field data with laboratory experimental infection studies, and correct for multiple comparisons. 2) What mechanisms might explain the relatively modest impact of WNV on most bird populations? We suggest that spatial and temporal variation in WNV transmission moderates WNV impacts on species that occur in multiple habitats, some of which provide refugia from infection. 3) Have species recovered from the initial invasion of WNV? We find evidence that many species and populations have recovered from initial WNV impact, but a few have not. 4) Did WNV cause cascading effects on other species and ecosystems? Unfortunately, few studies have examined the cascading effects of WNV population declines, but evidence suggests that some species may have been released from predation or competition. We close by discussing potentially overlooked groups of birds that may have been affected by WNV, and one highlight species, the yellow-billed magpie (Pica nutalli Audubon, 1837 [Passeriformes: Corvidae]), that appears to have suffered the largest range-wide impact from WNV.
Brainstem Tumor Resection via Occipital Interhemispheric Transtentorial Infracollicular Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Song Jianping , Zhao Xiaochun , Li Peiliang , Zhang Xin , Fan Zhen , Pan Zhiguang , Zhu Wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A brainstem tumor located at the upper pons or pontomesencephalic region is surgically challenging because of the deep-seated location and difficulty to approach, especially if the lesion is intra-axial and extends anteriorly without appearing on the pia surface. In our experience, the infracollicular entry point is feasible for such lesions and can be approached by an occipital interhemispheric transtentorial corridor through a straightforward trajectory, which ensures surgical ergonomics. Herein, we present a case of a 55-yr-old woman with a pontomesencephalic lesion removed via an occipital interhemispheric transtentorial infracollicular approach. Informed consent was obtained from the patient. Her preoperative medical course and radiological findings strongly indicated the lesion as a brainstem cavernous malformation. Although the overlying brainstem parenchyma was thin, the lesion did not appear on the pial surface. The lesion was removed via an occipital interhemispheric transtentorial infracollicular approach. During the operation, the lesion was observed to have an old hemorrhagic component and an obvious gliotic boundary, resembling the typical macropathology of a brainstem cavernous malformation. We easily dissected the lesion circumferentially off the brainstem parenchyma after thorough debulking, and a gross total resection was performed en bloc. However, postoperative pathology confirmed a diagnosis of a metastatic neuroendocrine tumor, and further systematic examination revealed cancerous lesions in the lungs. The patient experienced slight hypophrasia but recovered within 3 d postoperatively and then was discharged for further treatment. This case demonstrates the safety and efficacy of an occipital interhemispheric transtentorial infracollicular approach for brainstem tumor resection.
The Feasibility and Perioperative Results of Bi-Portal Endoscopic Resection of a Facet Cyst Along With Minimizing Facet Joint Resection in the Degenerative Lumbar Spine
Authors: Akbary Kutbuddin , Kim Jin-Sung , Park Cheul Woong , Jun Su Gi , Hwang In Chang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Presentation of degenerative facet cysts (FC) as radicular pain in patients is well established. The traditional treatment of FCs has been decompressive laminectomy with a medial facetectomy and cyst excision. A major disadvantage of open procedures with medial facetectomy is predisposition to further instability.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a contralateral bi-portal endoscopic excision of FC along with minimizing facet joint resection.

METHODS
Thirteen patients between March 2016 and December 2017 were evaluated retrospectively for clinical, radiological, and morphometric outcomes. Patients with complaints of unilateral radiculopathy with associated neurogenic claudication from degenerative lumbar FC were included. Clinical evaluation was by NRS leg pain and ODI scores, radiological evaluation was by MRI. For morphometric analysis, cross-sectional area of facet joint (CSA-FJ) was measured on MRI in square millimeters.

RESULTS
Thirteen FCs were decompressed (no adverse events) NRS leg pain and ODI improved from 6.85 ± 0.69 and 65.08 ± 7.95 preoperatively to 1 ± 0.91 and 13.46 ± 5.19 at 1-yr follow-up, respectively. CSA-FJ remained relatively well preserved from 212.83 ± 58.05 to 189.77 ± 62.93 post decompression (statistically insignificant, P = .3412).

CONCLUSION
Bi-portal endoscopic decompression of FC can be performed with good clinical and radiological outcomes. This surgical technique may be recommended for further evaluation as an addition in the armamentarium of a spine surgeon for treatment of degenerative lumbar FC.