bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on the design and development of photocatalyst synthesis and application in microfluidic reactors: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Sohrabi Somayeh , Keshavarz Moraveji Mostafa , Iranshahi Davood 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrofluidics is an emerging branch of science that has significant applications in various fields. In this review paper, after a brief introduction to the concept of photocatalysis, nanoparticle preparation methods and film formation techniques have been studied. Nanoparticle synthesis in microfluidic systems and microreactor types for on-chip photocatalyst synthesis and challenges of nanoparticles handling in microsystems have been reviewed. To resolve particle polydispersity and microchannel clogging, a good suggestion can be the use of droplet-based microreactors. The configurative designs for the microfluidic reactor with immobilized photocatalysts, their applications, and their challenges have been comprehensively addressed. The three main challenges ahead the immobilized photocatalytic microfluidic reactors are optimal light distribution, prevention of the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes, and improved mass transfer. Internal light-emitting diodes with a waveguide can resolve the number one challenge of photocatalysis application in optofluidic reactors, that is, light distribution.
A general maximum principle for mean-field forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equations with jumps processes
Authors: Hafayed Dahbia , Chala Adel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with an optimal control, where the system is driven by a mean-field forward-backward doubly stochastic differential equation with jumps diffusion. We assume that the set of admissible control is convex, and we establish a necessary as well as a sufficient optimality condition for such system.
Outline for a Quantum Theory of Gravity
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
By invoking an asymmetric metric tensor, and borrowing ideas from non-commutative geometry, string theory, and trace dynamics, we propose an action function for quantum gravity. The action is proportional to the four-dimensional non-commutative curvature scalar (which is torsion dependent), which is sourced by the Nambu–Goto world-sheet action for a string plus the Kalb–Ramond string action. This ‘quantum gravity’ is actually a non-commutative classical matrix dynamics, and the only two fundamental constants in the theory are the square of the Planck length and the speed of light. By treating the entity described by this action as a microstate, one constructs the statistical thermodynamics of a large number of such microstates, in the spirit of trace dynamics. Quantum field theory (and ℏ) and quantum general relativity (and G) emerge from the underlying matrix dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. Statistical fluctuations, which are inevitably present about equilibrium, are the source for spontaneous localisation, which drives macroscopic quantum gravitational systems to the classical general relativistic limit. While the mathematical formalism governing these ideas remains to be developed, we hope to highlight here the deep connection between quantum foundations and the sought-for quantum theory of gravity. In the sense described in this article, ongoing experimental tests of spontaneous collapse theories are in fact also tests of string theory!
Effects of Acute Stretching Exercise and Training on Heart Rate Variability: A Review
Authors: Wong Alexei , Figueroa Arturo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Wong, A and Figueroa, A. Effects of acute stretching exercise and training on heart rate variability: A review. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1459–1466, 2021—Stretching (ST), an exercise modality widely used for flexibility improvement, has been recently proposed as an effective adjunct therapy for declines in cardiovascular health, warranting research into the effects of ST exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF). Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a reliable measure of CAF, mainly the sympathetic and parasympathetic modulations of HR. A low HRV has been associated to increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Exercise interventions that enhance HRV are therefore seen as beneficial to cardiovascular health and are sought after. In this review, we discuss the effect of ST both acute and training on HRV. Stretching training seems to be a useful therapeutic intervention to improve CAF in different populations. Although the mechanisms by which ST training improves CAF are not yet well understood; increases in baroreflex sensitivity, relaxation, and nitric oxide bioavailability seem to play an important role.
The Strength of Alpha–Beta Oscillatory Coupling Predicts Motor Timing Precision
Authors: Grabot Laetitia , Kononowicz Tadeusz W. , Dupré la Tour Tom , Gramfort Alexandre , Doyère Valérie , van Wassenhove Virginie 
Published: February 2019

Precise timing makes the difference between harmony and cacophony, but how the brain achieves precision during timing is unknown. In this study, human participants (7 females, 5 males) generated a time interval while being recorded with magnetoencephalography. Building on the proposal that the coupling of neural oscillations provides a temporal code for information processing in the brain, we tested whether the strength of oscillatory coupling was sensitive to self-generated temporal precision. On a per individual basis, we show the presence of alpha–beta phase–amplitude coupling whose strength was associated with the temporal precision of self-generated time intervals, not with their absolute duration. Our results provide evidence that active oscillatory coupling engages α oscillations in maintaining the precision of an endogenous temporal motor goal encoded in β power; thewhenof self-timed actions. We propose that oscillatory coupling indexes the variance of neuronal computations, which translates into the precision of an individual's behavioral performance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhich neural mechanisms enable precise volitional timing in the brain is unknown, yet accurate and precise timing is essential in every realm of life. In this study, we build on the hypothesis that neural oscillations, and their coupling across time scales, are essential for the coding and for the transmission of information in the brain. We show the presence of alpha–beta phase–amplitude coupling (α–β PAC) whose strength was associated with the temporal precision of self-generated time intervals, not with their absolute duration. α–β PAC indexes the temporal precision with which information is represented in an individual's brain. Our results link large-scale neuronal variability on the one hand, and individuals' timing precision, on the other.
Descompresión medular mediante abordaje lateral transtorácico mínimamente invasivo. Reporte de un caso. [Spinal cord decompression by minimally invasive transthoracic lateral approach. Case report]
Authors: Martínez Augusto Esteban , Lanari Subiaur Felipe Jose , Mounier Carlos María , Prina José Ricardo , Gutiérrez Ramiro , Gobbi Enrique Augusto 
Published: February 2019

Existen múltiples técnicas para la descompresión medular en la columna torácica, cada una con sus ventajas y desventajas y con distintos requerimientos de destrezas quirúrgicas. Se han desarrollado técnicas mínimamente invasivas que disminuyen las tasas de morbilidad, con buenos resultados funcionales. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 64 años, con clínica de compresión medular, una hernia de disco central, calcificada a nivel del quinto disco torácico, migrada hasta el borde inferior de la sexta vértebra torácica, con franca compresión medular. Se realizó un abordaje lateral transpleural mínimamente invasivo, con una corpectomía parcial posterior de la sexta vértebra, sin fijación adicional. El paciente tuvo una buena evolución, sin progresión del cuadro neurológico ni dolor costal residual.Los abordajes laterales mínimamente invasivos son técnicas válidas para tratar patologías compresivas de la columna torácica, con bajas tasas de morbimortalidad y una rápida recuperación. AbstractThere are multiple techniques for spinal cord decompression in the thoracic spine, each with its advantages and disadvantages, and requiring different surgical skills. Recently, minimally invasive techniques have been developed, reducing morbidity rates and achieving good functional results.We present the case of a 64-year-old male with spinal compression symptoms, central disc herniation calcified at the fifth thoracic vertebra, which migrated to the lower end of the sixth thoracic vertebra. Diagnosis was clear for spinal cord compression. Partial posterior corpectomy of the sixth vertebra was performed with a minimally invasive transthoracic transpleural lateral approach and without additional fixation. The patient had a good outcome on follow-up, without progression of neurological symptoms or residual rib pain.Minimally invasive lateral approaches are valid techniques for the treatment of compression disorders of the thoracic spine, with low rates of morbidity and mortality, and a rapid recovery.
Actividad gastroprotectora del extracto etanólico de hojas de <i>Licania platypus</i> (Hemsl.) Fritish.
Authors: Orozco Aguilar Josue , Chavarría Rojas Marianela , Alvarado Barboza Gilbert , Cordero García Eugenia , Morales Acuña Juan Alberto , Retana Salazar Axel , González Camacho Sara 
Published: February 2019

La especie Licania platypus, localmente conocida como “sonzapote” se encuentra ampliamente distribuida en países tropicales. Tradicionalmente, en América Central se han utilizado diferentes partes de la planta para diversos problemas de salud, especialmente gastrointestinales. Objetivo: Investigar la posible actividad antiulcerosa gástrica del extracto etanólico de hojas de Licania platypus. Métodos: Las lesiones gástricas fueron inducidas por los modelos de etanol e indometacina. También, se evaluó el extracto con el modelo modificado de Shay. El extracto se administró por vía oral y se midió el área dañada. Además, se analizaron otros parámetros en el modelo de ligadura pilórica. Resultados: La administración oral de una dosis única del extracto (500 mg/kg) redujo significativamente el área de las lesiones gástricas (p < 0.05) en los modelos de inducción de etanol e indometacina. Además, se observó un incremento significativo en la secreción de moco gástrico en el modelo modificado de Shay (p < 0.05). Conclusión: El extracto etanólico de Licania platypus ejerce un efecto gastroprotector en diferentes modelos de inducción de úlceras agudas. Este trabajo brinda la primera evidencia de especies pertenecientes al género Licania con actividad gastroprotectora y permite promover la realización de estudios para elucidar un mecanismo de acción específico.
In vitro evaluation of a novel multiwalled carbon nanotube/nanohydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone composite for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yang Huixiao , Li Jieqing , Liao Qiong , Guo Hua , Chen Huishan , Zhu Yuting , Cai Meijuan , Lv Huling 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Kusma ve hipokalemi ile başvuran çocuk olguda bilateral renal arter darlığı
Authors: GEMİCİ Atilla , ATMIŞ Bahriye , ATMIŞ Anıl 
Published: February 2019

Çocuklarda hipertansiyon nedenleri arasında sekonder
nedenler ön plandadır. Bu nedenle
hipertansiyonun erken tanınması ve tedavi altına alınması, çocukların ilerleyen
yaşlarında yaşam kalitesinin artması ve kronik hastalıklardan korunması açısından
öncelikli hedeftir. Hipertansiyonu olan çocuklar farklı klinik bulgular ile
başvurabilir. Bu yazıda20 gündür olan kusması nedeniyle tetkik edilirken hipokalemi
saptanan, fizik muayene esnasında ölçülen kan basıncı 205/115 mmHg olan ve yapılan
tetkiklerinde bilateral renal arter darlığı tespit edilen 10 yaşındaki erkek
olguyu sunmayı amaçladık. Bu sunumda çocukluk çağında kan basıncı ölçümünün
rutin fizik muayenenin bir parçası olması gerektiğini ve hipertansif çocuk
olguların farklı klinik bulgular ile gelebileceğini vurgulamak, ayrıca
hipertansiyon tanı algoritmasını gözden geçirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Figurações poéticas da vida rural nas Geórgicas
Authors: Trevizam Matheus 
Published: February 2019

Neste artigo, desejamos mostrar que as Geórgicas de Virgílio, embora apresentem evidentes pontos de contato com as práticas rurais em Roma Antiga, não podem ser realmente consideradas um documento sobre a ruralidade romana. Alguns elementos que nos permitem pensar nessa obra, sobretudo, como produto de criação poética são a falta de detalhamento e a “seletividade” dos tópicos que se incorporam à abordagem técnica do “professor”. Além disso, análises feitas por Philip Thibodeau (2011) provam que, embora os cativos não sejam de todo omitidos no âmbito da preceituação de Virgílio, a eliminação do uilicus – administrador rural – permite ao público interagir com o texto de maneira mais decorosa, pondo-se como discipulus na posição de um agricola (“cultivador livre”), não de algum tipo de escravo.
Palavras-chave: poesia didática; agricultura; ficção; poesia; Virgílio.
Keywords:
Use of the routine complete blood count to predict steroid resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Kadushkin A. G. , Taganovich A. D. , Movchan L. V. , Shman T. V. , Panasyuk V. K. , Novskaya G. K. 
Published: February 2019

The aimof the present study was to investigate the significance of complete blood count, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cytokines in the peripheral blood in order to evaluate steroid resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods.Forty five patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) who underwent bronchoscopy the next day after hospital admission were included in the study. The patients were considered as steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant according to the ability of dexamethasone to inhibit 50% of interleukin-8 production by alveolar macrophages. Complete blood count, lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, immunoglobulin E, and hormone level were measured in the peripheral blood of all patients with COPD.Results.Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were higher, and absolute and relative eosinophil numbers were lower in steroid-resistant patients with COPD compared to steroid-sensitive COPD patients. Absolute eosinophil number below the cut-off value of 0.126 × 109/L was predictive for steroid resistance with the sensitivity of 83.3%, the specificity of 55.6% and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.677. Relative eosinophil number below 1.2% predicted steroid resistance with sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 83.3%, 63.0%, and 0.751, respectively. NLR, PLR, and MIF higher than 2.75, 116, and 2.24 ng/mL, respectively, predicted steroid resistance with the sensitivities of 66.7%, 61.1%, and 72.2%, respectively; the specificities of 74.1%, 77.8%, and 70.4%, respectively; and the AUCs of 0.731, 0.678, and 0.740, respectively. The combination of relative eosinophil number, NLR and PLR increased the sensitivity to 83.3%, specificity to 77.8%, and AUC to 0.805. The combination of relative eosinophil number, PLR and MIF increased the sensitivity to 83.3%, specificity to 88.9%, and AUC to 0.889.Conclusion.Steroid-resistant and steroid-sensitive COPD patients differ in absolute and relative eosinophil numbers, LNR, PLR, and MIF level. These parameters could be used to predict steroid resistance in COPD.
Histopathological Changes in the Wistar Rats Liver Treated with Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome Ethanol Extract during Acute Toxicity Test
Authors: Handani Kesy Sasta , Utami Wiwien Sugih , Hermansyah Bagus , Normasari Rena 
Published: February 2019

Malaria is still an infectious disease that can not be eradicated. The presence of antimalarial drug resistance case encourages the research on herbal plants that are expected to be a complementary therapy drug of malaria, one of them is bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.). This research aimed to investigate the effect of bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) rhizome ethanol extract to the histopathological changes of Wistar rats liver during acute toxicity test. This research type was true experimental laboratories with posttest only control group design using four treatment groups (given dose 42,609 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 213,045 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 426,09 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, and 852.18 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%) and one control group (given 1% Tween). Each treatment groups consisted of five male rats and five female rats. The final mean score of hepatocyte damage as the research data was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and showed that p=0,084. It indicated that there was no significant difference of liver histopathology results between groups.
Keywords: malaria, bangle rhizome, acute toxicity test, liver histopathology
Correlation between Quick of Blood and Intradialytic Hypertension on Chronic Kidney Disease Stage V Patients in dr. Soebandi Jember Hospital
Authors: Muharrom Novail Alif , Suryono Suryono , Komariah Cicih 
Published: February 2019

Intradialytic hypertension is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease patients (CKD) stadium V undergoing routine hemodialysis. There is still no definite data on incidence of intradialytic hypertension in Indonesia. Therefore, it is important to do further research about the relationship between factors of intraialytic hypertension with incident intradialytic hypertension as preventionefforts morbidity and mortality in patients CKD stadium V undergo hemodialysis. One of the factors is quick of blood (QB). The purpose of this research is to know the connection between QB with intradialytic hypertension on patients PGK stadium V at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This research is a type of observational analytic study with cross sectional method which is implemented in the dialysis unit at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember in October 2017. Population and sample in this research are all patients who undergo PGK stadium V routine hemodialysis in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember at a number of 82samples. The data obtained were tested normalitasnya with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test with the results of the significance of 0.71, indicating the data is distributed normally. Pearson test generates the value of significance (p) 0.032 and strong relationship (r) 0.237 indicating that there is a meaningful relationship with the powerful relationship between weak QB with the incidence of hypertension in patients intradialisis CKD stadium V at RSD dr. Soebandi Jember.
Keywords: CKD, intradialytic hypertension, quick of blood
The Difference Of Visual Acuity And Macular Thickness Post Bevacizumab Therapy In Secondary Macular Edema Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Rahmadani Citra , Fatmawati Nur Khoma , Bakhtiar Rahmat 
Published: February 2019

Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common cause of blindness in retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy and may lead to complications of macular edema. Bevacizumab is an influential treatment as an anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study aims to determine the difference of visual acuity and macular thickness before and after treatment of Bevacizumab. This is a quasi experimental study in patients with secondary macular edema retinal vein occlusion who meets the inclusion criteria. Visual acuity and macular thickness were evaluated after one month of treatment. This study was conducted for two months since May-June 2017 by collecting secondary data from medical record at SMEC Samarinda from January 2016 – June 2017. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon. Sixteen eyes from 16 patients were diagnosed with macular edema secondary retinal vein occlusion given bevacizumab treatment. The mean visual acuity before therapy was 1.106 LogMAR ± 0.509 and increased to 0.889 logMAR ± 0.608 (p = 0.116) after treatment while the mean macular thickness before therapy was 504.06 μm ± 301.273 and decreased to 348.81 μm ± 181.17 (p = 0.017) after treatment. There was a significant effect on the decrease in macular thickness but no significant effect on visual acuity improvement in patients with macular edema secondary retinal vein occlusion at SMEC Samarinda.
Keywords: Retinal vein occlusion, macular edema, bevacizumab
Type 3 Resistant Starch Effect of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on Fasting Blood Glucose in Diabetes Mellitus Wistar Rat Models
Authors: Widiastini T Ariani , Sakinah Elly Nurus , Nurdian Yudha , Firdaus Jauhar 
Published: February 2019

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a condition in which both insulin secretion and insulin sentivity disturbed. One of therapeutic approach of T2DM is through diet modification using resistant starch (RS) that has proven controlling both postprandial and fasting blood glucose. Cassava starch has 28,57% amylose and 51,24% amylopectin that can be increased through autoclaving-cooling process. Therefore, it can resist the digestion proess by amylose enzyme. The aim was to describe the effect of type 3 resistant starch cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in Wistar diabetic rat models. This study was quasy experimental post-test only control group design using 16 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, KN (normal), K- (DM), P1 (DM + cassava starch diet), and P2 (DM + type 3 RS cassava diet). High fat diet (HFD) and low dose streptozotocin (STZ) used as diabetic agents. Rats fed cassava starch or type 3 RS cassava diet for 28 days. GOD-PAP method used to measure the FBG level. The data analyzed using One Way ANOVA test with p>0,05 as significant value. The result shows no significant differences within experimental groups.
Keywords: cassava, autoclaving-cooling, resistant starch, FBG
The Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Against Antibiotics in Urinary Tract Infection Patients at RSD DR. Soebandi Jember
Authors: Syahputra Ryan Ravi Is , Agustina Dini , Wahyudi Septa Surya 
Published: February 2019

Urinary tract infection (UTI) was infection by microorganisms in the urinary tract. Treatment of UTI required supportive therapy and adequate antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance was the solution in the treatment of UTI, so it is important to assess the factors of bacterial resistance and strategies to control the incidence of resistance by choosing antibiotics in accordance with the pattern of sensitivity of germs obtained. This study aimed to determine the pattern of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics in patients with UTI in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. This research used descriptive research design by taking secondary data that was medical record data of urine culture examination and sensitivity test to antibiotics in UTI patients who have been diagnosed in inpatient and outpatient room RSD dr. Soebandi Jember between the period January 1, 2014 until November 30, 2017. The results of this study obtained 57 samples of urine positive bacteria, which found 18 types of bacteria that caused UTI. Of the 18 types of bacteria, there were 16 Gram negative bacteria and 2 Gram positive bacteria. Five bacteria divided among others E. coli on 24 samples, K. ornithinolytica on 5 samples, K. pneumoniae on 4 samples, B. cepacia on 4 samples, and E. cloacae on 3 samples. The results of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotic pattern showed the highest sensitivity level ie amikacin, fosfomicin, netilmicin, gentamicin, and nitrofurantoin. While the results of patterns of bacterial resistance to antibiotics based on hormonal levels of cephalotin, cephazolin, ampicillin, sulphametoxazole, and trimetoprim.
Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Bacterial sensitivity, Antibiotics