bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical pulse stimulation induces differential responses in insulin action in myotubes from severely obese individuals
Authors: Park Sanghee , Turner Kristen D. , Zheng Donghai , Brault Jeffrey J. , Zou Kai , Chaves Alec B. , Nielsen Thomas S. , Tanner Charles J. , Treebak Jonas T. , Houmard Joseph A. 
Published: November 2018

Key points
Exercise/exercise training can enhance insulin sensitivity through adaptations in skeletal muscle, the primary site of insulin‐mediated glucose disposal; however, in humans the range of improvement can vary substantially.
The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity influences the magnitude of the exercise response in relation to improving insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle.
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS; 24 h) of primary human skeletal muscle myotubes improved insulin action in tissue from both lean and severely obese individuals, but responses to EPS were blunted with obesity.
EPS improved insulin signal transduction in myotubes from lean but not severely obese subjects and increased AMP accumulation and AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, but to a lesser degree in myotubes from the severely obese.
These data reveal that myotubes of severely obese individuals enhance insulin action and stimulate exercise‐responsive molecules with contraction, but in a manner and magnitude that differs from lean subjects.
AbstractExercise/muscle contraction can enhance whole‐body insulin sensitivity; however, in humans the range of improvements can vary substantially. In order, to determine if obesity influences the magnitude of the exercise response, this study compared the effects of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)‐induced contractile activity upon primary myotubes derived from lean and severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) women. Prior to muscle contraction, insulin action was compromised in myotubes from the severely obese as was evident from reduced insulin‐stimulated glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, glucose uptake, insulin signal transduction (IRS1, Akt, TBC1D4), and insulin‐stimulated GLUT4 translocation. EPS (24 h) increased AMP, IMP, AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, PGC1α content, and insulin action in myotubes of both the lean and severely obese subjects. However, despite normalizing indices of insulin action to levels seen in the lean control (non‐EPS) condition, responses to EPS were blunted with obesity. EPS improved insulin signal transduction in myotubes from lean but not severely obese subjects and EPS increased AMP accumulation and AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, but to a lesser degree in myotubes from the severely obese. These data reveal that myotubes of severely obese individuals enhance insulin action and stimulate exercise‐responsive molecules with contraction, but in a manner and magnitude that differs from lean subjects.
Retrospective study of haemophagocytic syndrome hospitalisations in children in the USA
Authors: Badheka Aditya , Bangalore Prakash Pradeep , Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Allareddy Veerajalandhar 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionThe haemophagocytic syndrome (HS) is a rare condition that presents with uncontrolled inflammation leading to multiorgan failure and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Current national estimates of children hospitalised due to HS are unknown. Characterising and understanding the burden of HS-related hospitalisations at a national level is the initial step in optimising the overall care.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2012 to 2014. The NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient care dataset in the USA that contains more than seven million hospital stays and its large sample size is ideal for developing national estimates of rare conditions. All patients aged up to 18 years who were primarily hospitalised due to HS were selected for our study. Descriptive statistics were used. A multitude of patient-level and hospital-level variables were assessed. Outcome variables included overall in-hospital mortality, hospital charges and the length of stay.ResultsA total of 840 patients aged up to 18 years were hospitalised primarily due to HS in the USA. Mean age was 5.7 years. 57.4% were males. Whites comprised 45%. 6.5% died in hospital. A vast majority (78%) were admitted on an emergency/urgent basis. The most frequent payers included Medicaid (50%) and private insurance (36.9%). Almost 80% of children had at least one comorbid condition. 96.3% of patients were treated in urban teaching hospitals. Southern regions accounted for 42.6% of all hospitalisations. The median length of stay in hospital was 9.6 days and the median hospitalisation charge was US$100 426.ConclusionNearly 1 in 15 children who were hospitalised due to HS died. The resource utilisation associated with HS-related hospitalisations is considerable. The majority of hospitalised children with HS had comorbid conditions.
Novel homozygousCFAP69mutations in humans and mice cause severe asthenoteratospermia with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella
Authors: He Xiaojin , Li Weiyu , Wu Huan , Lv Mingrong , Liu Wangjie , Liu Chunyu , Zhu Fuxi , Li Caihua , Fang Youyan , Yang Chenyu , Cheng Huiru , Zhang Junqiang , Tan Jing , Chen Tingting , Tang Dongdong , Song Bing , Wang Xue , Zha Xiaomin , Wang Hongyan , Wei Zhaolian , Yang Shenmin , Saiyin Hexige , Zhou Ping , Jin Li , Wang Jian , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Feng , Cao Yunxia 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundMale infertility is a major issue of human reproduction health. Asthenoteratospermia can impair sperm motility and cause male infertility. Asthenoteratospermia with multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) presents abnormal spermatozoa with absent, bent, coiled, short and/or irregular-calibre flagella. Previous studies on MMAF reported that genetic defects in cilia-related genes (eg,AKAP4,DNAH1,CFAP43,CFAP44andCFAP69) are the major cause of MMAF. However, the known MMAF-associated genes are only responsible for approximately 30% to 50% of human cases. We further investigated the cases with MMAF in search of additional genes mutated in this condition.Methods and resultsWe conducted whole exome sequencing in a male individual with MMAF from a consanguineous Han Chinese family. Sanger sequencing was also conducted in additional individuals with MMAF. Intriguingly, a homozygous frameshift mutation (p.Leu357Hisfs*11) was identified in the gene encoding CFAP69 (cilia and flagella-associated protein 69), which is highly expressed in testis. The subsequent Sanger sequencing of theCFAP69coding regions among 34 additional individuals with MMAF revealed a case with homozygous nonsense mutation (p.Trp216*) ofCFAP69. Both of theseCFAP69loss-of-function mutations were not present in the human population genome data archived in the 1000 Genomes Project and ExAC databases, nor in 875 individuals of two Han Chinese control populations. Furthermore, we generated the knockout model in mouse orthologueCfap69using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Remarkably, maleCfap69-knockout mice manifested with MMAF phenotypes.ConclusionOur experimental findings elucidate that homozygous loss-of-function mutations inCFAP69can lead to asthenoteratospermia with MMAF in humans and mice.
Passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthosis improves medium-term clinical outcomes after severe lower extremity trauma
Authors: Ladlow Peter , Bennett N , Phillip R , Dharm-Datta S , McMenemy L , Bennett A N 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionIndividuals with delayed below-knee amputation have previously reported superior clinical outcomes compared with lower limb reconstruction. The UK military have since introduced a passive-dynamic ankle-foot orthosis (PDAFO) into its rehabilitation care pathway to improve limb salvage outcomes. The aims were to determine if wearing a PDAFO improves medium-term clinical outcomes and what influence does multidisciplinary team (MDT) rehabilitation have after PDAFO fitting? Also, what longitudinal changes in clinical outcomes occur with MDT rehabilitation and how do these results compare with patients with previous lower extremity trauma discharged prior to PDAFO availability?MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated levels of mobility, activities of daily living, anxiety, depression and pain in a heterogeneous group of 23 injured UK servicemen 34±11 months after PDAFO provision. We also retrospectively analysed 16 patients across four time points (pre-PDAFO provision, first, second and final inpatient admissions post-PDAFO provision) using identical outcome measures, plus the 6 min walk test.ResultsOutcomes were compared with previous below-knee limb salvage and amputees. Before PDAFO, 74% were able to walk and 4% were able to run independently. At follow-up, this increased to 91% and 57%, respectively. Mean depression and anxiety scores remained stable over time (p>0.05). After 3 weeks, all patients could walk independently (pre-PDAFO=31%). Mean 6 min walk distance significantly increased from 440±75 m (pre-PDAFO) to 533±68 m at last admission (p=0.003). The ability to run increased from 6% to 44% after one admission.ConclusionsAll functional and most psychosocial outcomes in PDAFO users were superior to previous limb salvage and comparable to previous below-knee amputees. The PDAFO facilitated favourable short-term and medium-term changes in all clinical outcome measurements.
Machine learning improves prediction of delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Ramos Lucas Alexandre , van der Steen Wessel E , Sales Barros Renan , Majoie Charles B L M , van den Berg Rene , Verbaan Dagmar , Vandertop W Peter , Zijlstra I Jsbrand Andreas Jan , Zwinderman A H , Strijkers Gustav J , Olabarriaga Silvia Delgado , Marquering Henk A 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeDelayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a severe complication in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Several associated predictors have been previously identified. However, their predictive value is generally low. We hypothesize that Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for the prediction of DCI using a combination of clinical and image data lead to higher predictive accuracy than previously applied logistic regressions.Materials and methodsClinical and baseline CT image data from 317 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage were included. Three types of analysis were performed to predict DCI. First, the prognostic value of known predictors was assessed with logistic regression models. Second, ML models were created using all clinical variables. Third, image features were extracted from the CT images using an auto-encoder and combined with clinical data to create ML models. Accuracy was evaluated based on the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity with 95% CI.ResultsThe best AUC of the logistic regression models for known predictors was 0.63 (95% CI 0.62 to 0.63). For the ML algorithms with clinical data there was a small but statistically significant improvement in the AUC to 0.68 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.69). Notably, aneurysm width and height were included in many of the ML models. The AUC was highest for ML models that also included image features: 0.74 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.75).ConclusionML algorithms significantly improve the prediction of DCI in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, particularly when image features are also included. Our experiments suggest that aneurysm characteristics are also associated with the development of DCI.
Effects of music therapy on anxiety and physiologic parameters in angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lieber Adam C , Bose Javin , Zhang Xiangnan , Seltzberg Hayley , Loewy Joanne , Rossetti Andrew , Mocco J , Kellner Christopher P 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundGiven the anxiety patients experience during angiography, evidence supporting the efficacy of music therapy during these angiographic procedures is potentially of clinical value.ObjectiveTo analyze the existing literature forthe use of music therapy during cerebral, coronary, and peripheral angiography to determine whether it improves patient anxiety levels, heart rate, and blood pressure during the procedure.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched to identify studies of interest. Inclusion criteria included studies reporting using music therapy in either cerebral, coronary, or peripheral angiography. Studies focused on a pediatric population; animal studies and case reports were excluded. Participant demographics, interventions, and outcomes were collected by two study authors. Bias and study quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Separate meta-analyses of the RCTs were performed to compare State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), heart rate (HR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in the music intervention group versus control group. Heterogeneity was determined by calculating I2values, and a random-effects model was used when heterogeneity exceeded 50%.ResultsThe preprocedure to postprocedure improvement in STAI was significantly greater in the experimental group than the control group (p=0.004), while the decrease in HR, SBP, and DBP was not significant.ConclusionsRecorded music and/or music therapy in angiography significantly decreases patients’ anxiety levels, while it has little to no effect on HR and BP. This meta-analysis is limited by the relatively few RCTs published on this subject.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099103
Preliminary experience with the use of low profile visualized intraluminal support device in basilar artery for aneurysm treatment
Authors: Wang Chuanchuan , Wu Yina , Feng Zhengzhe , Wang Jing , Li Qiang , Zhao Rui , Hong Bo , Xu Yi , Huang Qinghai , Fang Yibin , Liu Jianmin 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device is being increasingly used for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Its application in the basilar artery (BA) has not yet been reported.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and early efficacy of the LVIS device for the treatment of BA aneurysms.MethodsA prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed for all patients with BA aneurysms treated by LVIS stents at our institution. Angiographic results were evaluated using the modified Raymond–Roy classification (mRRC).Results23 patients (mean age 52.8 years) with a BA aneurysm that was treated by LVIS stent implantation, with (n=21) or without (n=2) adjunctive coiling, were included in our study. 7 aneurysms were treated in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). 10 aneurysms were located at the basilar tip, 10 at the basilar trunk, and 3 at the superior cerebellar artery. Procedure related complications developed in three patients (13%), including two perforator infarction and one worsening mass effect. Complications resulted in permanent morbidity (4%) in one case. One fatality was related to severe poor grade SAH. At a mean follow-up of 6.9 months, 13 of the 20 patients were mRRC I closure, 3 were mRRC II closure with an improvement from class IIIa, 3 were observed to be recanalized from class IIIa to IIIb, and 1 with stenting only was still patent similar to the immediate angiography.ConclusionThe LVIS stent represents a feasible and safe option for endovascular embolization of BA aneurysms. Although recanalization may occur after LVIS treatment, the mid term complete occlusion rate was acceptable.
Epidemiology of silicosis: reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2017
Authors: Barber Christopher Michael , Fishwick David , Carder Melanie , van Tongeren Martie 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo document the demographic risk factors of workers reported to have silicosis in the UK.MethodsAll cases of silicosis reported to the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) scheme between January 1996 and December 2017 were classified into one of eight industry categories, and one of five age groups. In addition, to investigate whether there had been any temporal change, mean age and range at diagnosis was plotted for each year. From 2006, data were also available relating to the date of onset of symptoms, allowing a comparison between workers with and without respiratory symptoms.ResultsFor the period between 1996 and 2017, there were 216 cases of silicosis reported. The mean (range) age of those reported was 61 years (23–89), with the majority (98%) being male. Across all industries, 65% of cases were diagnosed in individuals of working age (<65 for men and <60 for women). Silicosis was reported in young workers across all industry groups, with around one in six of all silicosis cases affecting workers under the age of 46 years. There was no clear trend in age of diagnosis with time. Between 2006 and 2017, 81% of 108 workers with silicosis were reported to be symptomatic.ConclusionsSilicosis remains an important health problem in the UK affecting workers of all ages across a wide range of industries traditionally associated with silica exposure.
Comparative Results of Percutaneous Calcaneal Osteotomy in Correction of Hindfoot Deformities
Authors: Gutteck Natalia , Zeh Alexander , Wohlrab David , Delank Karl-Stefan 
Published: November 2018

Background: Calcaneal osteotomies are often required in the correction of hindfoot deformities. The traditional open techniques, which include a lateral or oblique incision, are occasionally associated with wound healing problems and neurovascular injury. Methods: A total of 122 consecutive patients who underwent a calcaneal osteotomy for hindfoot realignment treatment were included. Fifty-eight patients were operated using an open incision technique and 64 patients (66 feet) using a percutaneous technique. Clinical and radiologic assessments were performed preoperatively, at 6 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. Results: The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society scale scores and visual analog scale pain scores improved in both groups postoperatively. The difference between the groups was not significant. The results of the radiologic measurements pre- and postoperatively were not significantly different. No pseudarthrosis occurred in either group. The comparison of both groups showed a significantly lower risk for wound healing problems in the percutaneous group. The hospitalization time was significantly shorter in the percutaneous group. Conclusion: Because of the excellent results with the percutaneous calcaneal osteotomy, the authors feel encouraged to establish this procedure as a standard technique for calcaneus osteotomy, especially patients at high risk for wound healing problems. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Phakic intraocular lens as a temporary barrier in aphakic Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Shweikh Yusrah , Vasquez-Perez Alfonso , Allan Bruce D 
Published: November 2018

Background: Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty has a lower risk of endothelial rejection than Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. In aphakic eyes requiring endothelial transplantation, approaches aimed at reducing the risk of posterior graft dislocation in Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty are not transferable to Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Technique: Here we describe the use of an implantable collamer lens placed over the iris to provide a temporary intraoperative platform, to facilitate graft unfolding and to avoid posterior graft dislocation in an aphakic, vitrectomised eye with a fixed, dilated pupil in a young patient with chronic uveitis and previous failed Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.
Feasibility of 3D-printed models of the proximal femur to real bone: a cadaveric study
Authors: Sallent Andrea , Seijas Roberto , Pérez-Bellmunt Albert , Oliva Eulalia , Casasayas Oriol , Escalona Carles , Ares Oscar 
Published: November 2018

Introduction: 3D technology has increased popularity during the past decade due to recent advancements and has been described as a useful tool in several fields of medicine including orthopaedic surgery. Applications include preoperative planning, custom-made implants, patient-specific guides, etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the similarity between 3D-printed models and cadaveric femoral heads, based on CT scans. Methods: Cadaveric study of 12 male hips. Computed tomography (CT) was performed and through a semi-automatic segmentation process created the 3D model. Using a 3D printer, the model was printed in ABS plastic. 1 observer performed several measurements in the cadaver, and a 2nd observer performed the same measurements in the 3D-printed model. A 3rd observer compared both measurements and performed the statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant differences in the measurements of bony structures between the cadaveric specimens and the 3D-printed model ( p > 0.05 in all cases). We found significant differences when comparing measurements containing a soft tissue element, for example the dimensions of the cartilage covered femoral head ( p < 0.0001). Conclusions: 3D-printed models of the hip are accurate and feasible to the real bone and can thus be reliable for preoperative planning or other uses that may arise in orthopaedic surgery. Presence of cartilage must be considered when creating the 3D model from CT that considers bone but not cartilage.
Novel characterization techniques for cultural heritage using a TEM orientation imaging in combination with 3D precession diffraction tomography: a case study of green and white ancient Roman glass tesserae
Authors: Nicolopoulos Stavros , Das Partha P. , Bereciartua Pablo J. , Karavasili Fotini , Zacharias Nikolaos , Gómez Pérez Alejandro , Galanis Athanassios S. , Rauch Edgar F. , Arenal Raúl , Portillo Joaquim , Roqué-Rosell Josep , Kollia Maria , Margiolaki Irene 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present new transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based electron diffraction characterization techniques (orientation imaging combined with 3D precession electron diffraction tomography-ADT) applied on cultural heritage materials. We have determined precisely unit cell parameters, crystal symmetry, atomic structure, and orientation/phase mapping of various pigment/opacifier crystallites at nm scale which are present in green and white Roman glass tesserae. Such TEM techniques can be an alternative to Synchrotron based techniques, and allow to distinguish accurately at nm scale between different crystal structures even in cases of same/very close chemical composition, where is also possible to visualize between different crystal orientations and amorphous/crystalline phases. This study additionally demonstrates that although opacifiers in green and white tesserae are found to have average Pb2Sb2O7 cubic and CaSb2O6 trigonal structures, their pyrochlore related framework can host many other elements like Cu, Ca, Fe through ionic exchanges at high firing temperatures which in turn may also contribute to the tesserae colour appearance.