bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Quality and Accuracy of Basic Complete Immunization Record and Reporting with DQS in Blitar
Authors: Sucsesa Meida , Hargono Arief 
Published: April 2018

Kualitas dan akurasi data imunisasi adalah masalah yang sering ditemukan di puskesmas dan dinas kesehatan, meskipun cakupan imunisasi tinggi tetapi dengan tidak adanya penilaian kualitas data imunisasi yang dilaporkan secara rutin tersebut maka persentase cakupan yang tinggi belum tentu kualitas datanya juga tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dan akurasi pada pencatatan dan pelaporan imuisasi dasar lengkap dalam pencapaian cakupan imunisasi yang dapat mempengaruhi UCI Desa. Pencapaian cakupan imunisasi yang tinggi diharapkan dapat menekan angka kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I) terutama penyakit difteri. Evaluasi yang digunakan untuk menilai kualitas serta akurasi data imunisasi dasar lengkap pada pencatatan dan pelaporan imunisasi dengan menggunakan metode Data Quality Self Assessment (DQS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis permasalahan imunisasi dari segi kualitas dan akurasi pelayanan imunisasi khususnya pencatatan dan pelaporan imunisasi dasar lengkap. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi deskriptif, dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 petugas imunisasi puskesmas dengan desa UCI dan 6 petugas imunisasi puskesmas dengan desa Non UCI di wilayah Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blitar. Variabel bebas meliputi akurasi data kohort bayi dengan laporan puskesmas, pencatatan dan pelaporan hasil imunisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencatatan data imunisasi di sebagian puskesmas dengan kualitas baik, kelemahan sistem pemantauan pada kualitas sistem pelaporan yaitu hasil imunisasi desa belum dilaporkan tepat waktu ke puskesmas dan terdapat perbedaan pelaporan antara kohort bayi dengan laporan puskesmas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagian besar sistem pencatatan imunisasi dasar lengkap di puskesmas dalam kategori baik sehingga dapat dijadikan kekuatan untuk meningkatkan kualitas program imunisasi sedangkan akurasi data dan sistem pelaporan di sebagian besar puskesmas kurang baik yang merupakan kelemahan dalam sistem pemantauan program imunisasi. Kata Kunci: Imunisasi, akurasi, kualitas, pencatatan, pelaporan.
The Dominant Factors Diabetic Neuropathy in Patients with type 2 DM at RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhi Surabaya
Authors: Rahmawati Arini , Hargono Arief 
Published: April 2018

Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular yang angkanya semakin meningkat. Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan jenis diabetes mellitus yang memiliki proporsi paling banyak dari total kasus diabetes mellitus. Tingginya kasus diabetes mellitus akan menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi diabetes mellitus. Komplikasi diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang paling banyak terjadi yaitu neuropati diabetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor dominan kejadian neuropati diabetik pada menderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case control. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sistematic random sampling. Sampel yang dibutuhkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 36 responden pada kelompok kasus dan 36 responden pada kelompok kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Dr. M.Soewandhi Surabaya pada bulan Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya neuropati diabetik adalah keteraturan berobat (p=0,020 ;OR=5,5 CI= 1,397-21,646) pola makan (p=0,037 ; OR=4,8 CI= 1,220-19,206), pola aktivitas fisik (p=0,038 ;OR=3,6 CI= 1,190-10,716) dan riwayat hipertensi (p=0,034 ; OR= 3,1 CI= 1,199-8,241). Faktor dominan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap terjadinya neuropati diabetik (setelah di regresi logistik) adalah keteraturan berobat(p=0,002 ; OR=13,237 CI= 2,561-68,429). Kesimpulan penelitian ini faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap neuropati diabetik adalah faktor keteraturan berobat, pola makan, pola aktivitas fisik dan riwayat hipertensi. Faktor dominan adalah faktor keteraturan berobat. Diharapkan penderita diabetes mellitus tipe2 memahami faktor resiko neuropati diabetik, agar tidak mengalami komplikasi neuropati diabetik
Impact of Composition on Natural Gas Desorption from Kerogen
Authors: Pang Wei , Ding Shidong , Zhang Thongyi , Xia Wenwu , Akkutlu I. Yucel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Shale gas reservoirs hold adsorbed gas in kerogen. Laboratory techniques have been developed to measure the gas amount in samples. However, adsorbed gas recovery is an unsettled issue. Complexity is mainly due to adsorbed phase having an unknown composition and density, and desorbing in a selective fashion. Kerogen nanopores bring in added complexity to the analysis due to confinement effects. Our objective is to predict gas composition in kerogen pores and measure desorption limit during pressure depletion.
A new molecular simulation method is developed to predict in-situ composition of natural gas in model kerogen pores using composition of produced fluid from a Chinese shale gas well. In essence, the method re-distributes the fluid composition back into kerogen pores at initial reservoir conditions. Then one-by-one the pores are blown down in small pressure steps while the compositional variation in the pores is monitored. The recovery is measured by comparing the residual hydrocarbon molecules at different pressure steps during the blow down. Density, viscosity, mean free path of the fluids in model kerogen pores are computed using the trajectories of the adsorbed and free molecules.
At initial reservoir conditions we found that the gas mixture in kerogen nanopores becomes heavier and more viscous as the pore size becomes smaller. These compositional effects become significantly more amplified during the pressure depletion. Consequently, we observe that the kerogen pores release only the lighter end of the initial natural gas mixture in the pores, not allowing desorption of the heavier mixtures in smaller pores. The predicted Knudsen number values indicate that the compositional evolution in kerogen with pore size and pressure does not allow flow regime change. For the Chinese shale gas well fluid composition, we predict that the pores smaller than 5 nm has limited gas recovery and the transport in the larger pores stays in the slip flow regime.
The paper presents results of recovery from kerogen using molecular simulation of fluids in nanopores. The results bring in new insights into our understanding of the natural gas production limits from kerogen. The results indicate that methane adsorption isotherms do not represent the true nature of multi-component gas desorption from shale samples.
Visualization of Heavy Oil Mobilization by Associative Polymer
Authors: Skauge Tormod , Djurhuus Ketil , Reichenbach-Klinke Roland 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Polymer flooding has increasingly been considered for heavy oil recovery applications. This has been encouraged by positive results from field applications at e.g. Pelican Lake and Tamaredjo and lab experiments showing that highly efficient recovery can be obtained at mobility ratios far from unity. Improved understanding of the mobilization process will increase process efficiency. Here we have used x-ray visualization to study sweep efficiency by an associative polymer at adverse mobility ratio in 2D flow.
The x-ray scanner provides visual information on the development of fingers and saturation changes during the flooding process. Sweep efficiency was evaluated in two dimensional flow using a 30x30x2 cm slab of Bentheimer outcrop sandstone. A 540 cP crude oil was first displaced by water, then by 1000 ppm of a PAM-based associative polymer in a low salinity brine. Associative polymers have a potential for intermediate heavy oil/heavy oil applications due to favorable salt and shear tolerance, thermo-thickening properties and high resistance factors (RF) obtained in porous media due to hydrophobic interactions.
Oil displacement by water at adverse mobility ratio is characterized by frontal instability and fingering of the water phase through the oil phase, leading to early water breakthrough and poor sweep efficiency. The details of this process is not revealed in typical core floods as pressure and production data can be fitted to a multitude of recovery scenarios for an unstable displacement. The x-ray visualization showed that the water flood was highly unstable with numerous thin fingers forming. As expected, an early water breakthrough was observed at about 0.07 PV injected. After water breakthrough additional oil recovery was primarily inefficient sweep between existing fingers. Polymer injection initiated at a stable, high water cut (97 - 98 %) was highly efficient, recovering 21 % OOIP over 0.7 PV injected. Production data showed a strong reduction in water cut suggesting formation of an oil bank. Saturation images confirmed this, and additionally revealed that the oil bank was formed by a combined polymer sweep between fingers and by expansion of established fingers in the first 2/3 of the slab, leading to accumulation toward the production well. However, the polymer flood was unstable, with no clear polymer bank formed in contrast to typical 2D polymer floods at lower mobility ratio.
This is to our knowledge the first 2D flow experiment of oil mobilization by associative polymers. It shows that the polymer is highly efficient in accelerating the production in a tertiary flood where water is inefficiently flowing predominantly in an established water finger pattern. Combining visualization of 2D flow with pressure and production data leads to better insight into the mechanism of oil mobilization by associating polymer.
Experimetal Study and Numerical Modelling of the Effect of Foaming Agent Properties on Foam Flooding in Porous Media in Absence of Oleic Phase
Authors: Hosseini-Nasab Seyed Mojtaba , Simjoo Mohammad 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation on the effect of foaming agents perpropeties in tetms of surfactant concentration, interfacial tension (IFT) and foam strength during foam flooding in porous media in the absence of oleic phase. The experiments consisted of the co-injection of gas and various surfactant solutions with three different formulation properties in terms of IFT reduction and foaming strength capability into Bentheimer sandstone samples initially saturated with the surfactant solution. Experiments were performed using Bentheimer sandstone cores during, where X-ray CT images were taken during foam generation to find out the stability of advancing front of foam propagation and to map the gas saturation for both the transient and steady-state flow regimes.
Then, a series of numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the effect of surfactant concentration on pressure drop across the core for the foam flooding in the absence of oil. The foam model implemented is based on a local equilibrium and describes dependency of foam mobility reduction factor using several independent functions, such as liquid saturation, foam velocity, oil saturation and capillary number. To this end, the dry-out and gas velocity functions in the foam model were determined from the experimental data obtained at low and high-quality regimes of foam flow at a constant injection velocity. Next, pressure drop profiles of foam flooding at two different surfactant concentrations were modelled to determine the parameters of the surfactant-dependent function in the foam model. The simulation results fit the experimental data of pressure drops very well.
The Hidden Threat of Irreversible Water Blockage in Low Porosity Gas Fields: Learnings from Pre-Production Paleo-Imbibition for Post-Production Field Management in Oman
Authors: Boya Ferrero Maria , Wahaibi Iman , Elshehabi Mohamed , Farsi Ali , Winchester Arlene , Aziz Aamir 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The high residual gas trapping characteristics of low porosity rock are a considerable challenge for recovery of fields with bottom or edge water. Water lifting and handling is often a practical issue. Perforated intervals may suffer from permanent loss of gas mobility related to hysteresis effects due to imbibition of water (either production induced or paleo-residuals). The discrimination of "trapped" versus mobile gas intervals in a low porosity setting is not straight forward because data can be very deceiving: water imbibed zones may look alike free gas zones, but performance and recovery are quite different
This paper presents a show case of a clastic low porosity formation buried at 4Km depth. Following disappointing performance of the wells due to unexpected water production, the interpretation of pre-production fluid-fill-cycle revealed that a large percentage of the GIIP had been trapped over geological time due to tilting of the structure. Ignoring paleo-imbibition resulted in over-prediction of the recovery and misplacement of wells. Further imbibition of water into prolific zones during production of the field may result in early irreversible water loading of the wells with initial high rates.
A cross-discipline workflow has been put together to quantify field potential and water risk. A fit for purpose reservoir simulation with a focus on the fluid-fill-cycle can explain the performance of the wells to date and predict the expected recovery from paleo-residual volumes. Down flank co-production of gas and water has been proposed as mitigation for water blockage issues: 1st) to potentially delay further water cusping through prolific zones and 2nd) to enhance remobilization of gas trapped in the paleo-residuals zone.
The reported example illustrates the risks of water for gas recovery in low porosity formations, as learnt from a field with paleo-imbibition. We describe diagnostic tools for timely discrimination of paleo-trapped gas volumes to be considered prior to investment decisions, well placement and completions; we suggest fit for purpose models that can be constructed to represent rock and fluid physics without embarking into comprehensive full-field full-hysteresis models; we draw attention to specific permeability modeling guidelines for reservoirs containing significant volumes of low porosity rock to avoid overestimation of production plateau time. We recommend the planning of co-production of gas and water in flank wells to safeguard production from prolific zones in low porosity reservoirs with an aquifer.
CSS: Strategies to Recovery Optimization
Authors: Trigos Erika , Lozano Eduardo , Jimenez Ana Maria 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper was written with the main propose to share the experience of more than ten years of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) in a heavy oil field with a big amount of challenges such as low injectivity, sanding, steam channeling, low steam efficiency, among others.
For each item identified with a high impact on the CSS production and efficiency, a methodology to analyses and optimization was developed. the first step is identifying the item, recollect the information and quantify the impact; after that, the information is analyzed by the reservoir team, some solution is suggested and evaluated by numerical simulation and other tools; then, the best solution found is apply like a pilot on the field and according to the results it is implemented in a full field scale or replanting until to get the hope results. Finally, corrective actions are taken to avoid similar troubles in the future development of the field. Lesson learners are divulged to the members of the organization.
For the case of low injectivity, this was identifying in the first stage of development of the field; we carried on lab cores to found the presence of swelling shales like the main causes. Inhibitors clays were test on lab and implemented in the first cycles; for the next steps of development we acquired steam generators with a high-pressure setting too. On the other hand, steam channeling was identified in wells with more of five cycles of stimulation; others wells with potential channeling was identified too, and a methodology to inject this kind of wells was development with the help of simulation tools and successfully implemented in field. The injection of other fluids with the steam like nitrogen, foam or gels improved the low steam efficiency; the development methodology is included in the paper.
This papers include a lot of experiences in the improving of cyclic steam stimulation, test lab, numerical simulation and other tools are combined with the field experience obtaining an improve in the oil production. Real data field, CSS information and developed methodologies are included in the paper. For this reason, this paper is useful to future implementation of CSS process and in other fields with similar features.
Influence of Additional Objective Functions on Uncertainty Reduction and History Matching
Authors: La Rosa Almeida Forlan , Nandi Formentin Helena , Maschio Célio , Davolio Alessandra , José Schiozer Denis 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper proposes new objective functions to assimilate dynamic data for history matching, and evaluates their influence on the uncertainty conditioning. Representative events are observed and evaluated separately for the available dynamic data. The proposed objective functions evaluate two specific events: (1) the production transition behavior between the historical and forecasting period, and (2) the water breakthrough time. To assess production transition behavior, the deviation between the latest available historical data is compared with the forecast value, at a specific moment, under forecasting conditions. To assess water breakthrough, the irruption time error is measured in addition to the water-rate objective function. The new objective functions are normalized using the Normalized Quadratic Deviation with Sign, for comparison with conventional objective functions (i.e. NQDS-oil production rate). These additional objective functions are included in a probabilistic and multi-objective history matching and applied to the UNISIM-I-M benchmark for validation. Two history-matching procedures evaluate the impact of the additional objective functions, based on the same parameterization, boundary conditions and number of iterations. The first procedure (Procedure A) includes objective functions traditionally used such as fluid rates and bottom-hole pressure, computed using all the historical data points. The second procedure (Procedure B) considers the same as for A as well as the two additional objective functions. The advantages of including the additional objective functions was the supplementary data used to constrain the uncertainties, improving attribute updates. Consequently, Procedure B generated better-matched models considering the historical period and more consistent forecasts for both field and well behavior when compared to available reference data. The addition of the breakthrough deviation improved the quality of the match for water rates because breakthrough deviation is sensitive to reservoir attributes different to those objective functions related to water rate. The production transition error assisted the identification of scenarios that under or overestimated well capacity. Production transition error also improved the transition of the models from the historical to the forecasting period, reducing fluctuations due to the changes in boundary conditions. Despite the increased number of objective functions to be matched, the improved reliability for forecasting is an incentive for further study. Other representative events, such as oil rate before and after the start of water production could be separated and evaluated, for example. The improved reliability for forecasting supports the inclusion of the proposed objective functions in history-matching procedures.
Novel Evaluation of Foam and Immiscible Gas Flooding in Glass-Silicon-Glass Micromodels
Authors: Hauhs Florian , Födisch Hendrik , Hincapie Rafael E. , Ganzer Leonhard 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We present a systematic workflow to facilitate the visualization of different fluids behavior/performance. Fluids study in this work are brine, gas and specially foam, during flooding experiments in glass-silicon-glass micromodels. These allow for the detailed evaluation and comparison of the individual flooding experiments. This workflow can then be used as part of screening processes to evaluate the fluid-fluid interaction in a porous medium.
The experimental setup consists of a cabinet-dryer with a camera mounted on top. Micromodels are placed inside the cabinet and PTFE Teflon® tubings are used as connection lines. Fluids are injected using a syringe pump. Pressure is measured via a differential pressure transducer. This setup allows to visualize the entire pore space every 10 seconds. To achieve more comparable results, a black oil is used as the displaced fluid. Brine flooding is used as a benchmark to which results can be compared to. Foam was generated before injection with a mixture of a commercial surfactant and 3 g/l NaCl brine.
The observed behaviour for the three different flooding were in line with the reported in the literature. First, gas flooding depicted the lowest final recovery with 22% of the OIIP produced, with viscous fingering clearly visible. The weak performance of gas was also displayed in the recorded differential pressures. No effect on pressure due to gas injection was observed during the flooding. Second, the brine flood performed better than the gas flood, where 36% of the OIIP was ultimately recovered. Due to the more favorable mobility ratio of brine and oil this improvement was to be expected. Third, foam flooding achieved the best oil recovery with 58% of the OIIP produced. Pore blocking and the thus increased areal sweep efficiency is the reason for this improvement. Differential pressure behavior for foam and brine flood was similar: A steep pressure decrease after entering the model until breakthrough was observed, although foam had a higher initial differential pressure than brine before entering the model. The high initial pressure difference to the brine flood, is assumed to be due to the compressibility of the individual foam bubbles present in the tubing.
The workflow presented in this paper, could lead to a fast and economical addition to EOR screening processes. Due to only small volumes of fluids being required to get qualitative and quantitative results. This, in turn could provide relevant insight for foam and immiscible process understanding and modelling.