bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Improvement of OFDM System Using New Scrambling Technique with Precoded Methods
Authors: Abdullah Muntadher Kadhim , Ibada Ali Jawad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the challenging issues for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is its high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This degrades performance of the system. In this paper, a new scrambling algorithm to reduce PAPR is presented. The new algorithm uses chaos system to generate several Chaos Binary Sequences (CBS) that scrambled with the data symbols to get several sequences. Only one sequence is chosen with smallest PAPR value for transmission. To reduce the PAPR more and improve Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the new scrambling algorithm, precoded methods are used. Two precoded methods are presented in this work: Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Walsh Hadamard Transform (WHT). Simulation results using MATLAB show that when number of subcarriers is 1024 and number of CBS is 8, the PAPR is approximately equal to 7 db by using new scrambling technique only. While the PAPR is approximately reduced by 1 db when using WHT with new technique. Finally, when using DCT with new technique, the PAPR is approximately reduced by 3.8 db. Also DCT with new technique gives better BER performance than WHT with new technique.
Different shape and color targets detection using auto indexing images in computer vision system
Authors: Taban D A , Al-Zuky A A , AlSaleh A H , Mohamad H J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One of the main challenges in computer vision is to determine the number of different types, shapes, locations and color targets within the image plane for use in computer control systems. In this study, an algorithm introduced to detect the number of targets (one or two), their shapes (square or circle) and colors (red, green or blue). A new technique presented as a digital indexing code table to present the studied color targets images. The indexing table technique depends on decimal and binary numbers. In this study, there were 42 different cases represents all the input images. There is a special case considered for the similarity of input images in case it has the same shape and color, but a change in rotation and space between two image targets. This solved using referencing to indicate the same target in each case. Thus, the classification results were 100% for the presented algorithm for all input cases.
Combination of Steganography and Cryptography: A short Survey
Authors: Taha Mustafa Sabah , Mohd Rahim Mohd Shafry , Lafta Sameer Abdulsattar , Hashim Mohammed Mahdi , Alzuabidi Hassanain Mahdi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The establishment of a secure communication between two communicating parties is becoming a difficult problem due to the likelihood of attacks and other unintentional changes during an active communication over an unsecured network. However, the security of secret information can be secured using either cryptography or steganography. Steganography refers to the practice of concealing a message (with no traceability) in a manner that it will make no meaning to anyone else except the intended recipient, while cryptography, on the other hand, refers to the art of converting a plaintext (message) into an unreadable format. Thus, steganography conceals the existence of a secret message while cryptography alters the message format itself. Both steganographic and cryptographic techniques are powerful and robust. In this paper, the major aim is to review several ways of combining steganographic and cryptographic techniques to achieve a hybrid system. Moreover, some of the differences between cryptographic and steganographic techniques were presented as well.
Improving of Scm-Sac-Ocdma System by Using Optical Amplifier Based on Md Code
Authors: Fayadh Rashid Ali , Alhamdane Hayder Jasim , Abbas Hayder Abdulameer , Jabar Hashem , Ali Adnan Hussein 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Free space optic (FSO) is one of the most effective solution technique to transmit the information due to its advantage such as cost and speed, but it suffers from various disadvantage that affects on the signal performance like weather condition that results loss in optical signal power over the communication path. So, in this paper we study the effect of the rain weather in Iraqi cities [ Baghdad, Basra, Mosul ] during 2017 on the FSO signal with system of hybrid Sub-carrier multiplexing _Spectral amplitude coding _ optical code division multiple access (SCM-SAC-OCDMA) with multi diagonal (MD) code and intermediate stage called ‘optical amplifier’. OCDMA allows multiple users to access the medium without any contention; it provides privacy and security with reducing the interference that may occur due to multiple users. MD code has been use to provide simplicity in design and high data rate. The optical amplifier with controlled gain leads to amplify the power of the signal. Results from simulation analysis for the proposed system can transmit data rate with (1Gbps) for (1 Km) distance and transmit power of (5dB) with bit error rate (BER) 10−12 in Mosul, 3× 10−56 in Baghdad, 1 × 10−62 in Basra.
Enhancement of K-Best Sphere Detection algorithm Performance in MIMO Systems
Authors: Sulttan Mohammed Qasim 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Due to the rapid development of our life toward a life with high-quality communication systems, which require large data rates for transfer such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) which use Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Therefore, become necessary to interest in MIMO system parts especially the MIMO detector (MIMOD). A good detector system must have two important goals, low Computational Complexity (CC) and good Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance). To achieve that two important goals, our work divided into two parts. The first part, by using an unequal power transmission (UEPT) scheme in instead of equal power transmission (EPT) scheme to get a good SER. The second part, how to reduced CC, this achieved by changing the Euclidean Distance (ED) by using Manhattan Distance (MD). The simulation results show us a slight improvement in the SER performance of about 1.1 dB as average gain and a good reduction in CC about 24% as average reduction in visited nodes when using the UEPT with MD against using EPT with ED.
Remote Heart Rate Monitor System using NodeMcu Microcontroller and easy pulse sensor v1.1
Authors: Abdullah Salam khalaf 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
For high precision and low cost, the heart rate monitor system by using NodeMcu was invented which can be used in several applications such as patient treatment and monitoring in places away from the center of cities for the initial diagnosis purpose, elderly health care or sport training. in this paper a new system for detecting and remote monitoring cardio-vascular pulse wave was invented which depends on the NodeMcu board which is built-in a Wi-Fi module with an easy pulse sensor. In this proposed system the easy pulse sensor which has been used for detecting of heart rate and send it to NodeMcu board which transmits such data to the intended destination using the internet. The basic work of heartbeat Sensor used in this design depends on the principle of photo plethysmography to obtain vital information of the heartbeat from the skin surface. the calculation of heart beat was done using two methods, first by tracking the peaks in the PPG waveform while the second way by calculate the frequency of the digital output wave form which is simultaneous to the heart rate pulse. The preliminary result show that the new system is more reliable and lower cost compare with other system based on IOT Microcontroller and gives good and optimum results.
Design and Performance of MC-CDMA Transceiver based LDWT –OFDM in Flat Fading Channel
Authors: Alsharfa Raya Majid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is a suitable modulation method for high data rates. In this modulation system, using of combining methods are inevitable for restoring orthogonality between diverse user signals. In this paper, the combining techniques of a MC-CDMA based on lifting discrete wavelet transform strategy (LDWT) are studied. Is presented to keep up the symmetry against the multipath Flat Fading Channels (FFC). Show of MC-CDMA under many channels similar the AWGN channel and FFC, is examined and BER versus SNR graphs are plotted and their presentation is deliberate.
Use of a new approach to automated break transposition cipher system
Authors: Shibeeb Ahmed Kareem , Ahmed Mohammed Hussein 
Published: June 2019

AbstractParticle swarm optimization (PSO) based cryptanalysis has acquired much attention because it has a fast convergence rate. This paper investigates the use of a new approach which is PSO depending on the clustering algorithm (CLPSO) to break the transposition cipher system in appropriate time. The dynamic of CLPSO is different from existing PSO in population size, topology and the ways to find the best solution. CLPSO start’s with using high population size (particles) and then applying preprocessing operation in order to reduce this population and then partition this population into several clusters based on using semi CLARANS algorithm and allow particles to share information in different clusters and give the particles ability to move from one cluster to another depending on the values of fitness function. Experimental results of the proposed CLPSO were very promising and the results proved that the CLPSO algorithm reduces the number of tries that needed to attack long key transposition cipher in almost real time using ciphertext-only attack. This new method allows recovering key length up to 35 with no more than 58.3 second as maximum consuming time. In this case study, different parameters such as: population sizes (100-5000), key size (10 - 35) and length of ciphertext (250 - 5000) were used.
Wireless Sensor Networks Improvement using LEACH Algorithm
Authors: Ahmed Sadeer Rasheed , Kadhim Mohammed Aboud , Abdulkarim Tarek 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are a gathering of several low-power and low-cost network sensors which are used to sense an environment, collect data, process the collected data, and transmit the handled data to a base station (BS) through the cluster heads (CH). The CH collects the sensed and processed information from the sensors and transmit them to the base station for the analysis. In WSN, the major problem encountered is energy whole problem which results from energy depletion in the nodes near the BS. This work proposed the use of LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm to which ensures a balance between energy consumption and delay to resolve energy problem in WSNs.
Simulation Physical and Chemical Blowing Agents for Polyurethane Foam Production
Authors: Al-Moameri Harith H. , Hassan Ghanim , Jaber Baydaa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Use of computer simulation to quantify the effectiveness of blowing agents can be an effective tool for optimizing formulations and for the adopting of new blowing agents. This paper focuses on a mass balance on blowing agent during foaming including the quantification of the amount that stays in the resin, the amount that ends up in the foam cells, and the pressure of the blowing agent in the foam cells. Experimental data is presented both in the sense of developing the simulation capabilities and the validating of simulation results.
Determination of the specifications and quantities of pollutants present in water discharged from oil plant and their treatment methods
Authors: Abdalraheem ALani Hussam Nadum , Latif Ali Abdul Karim Abdul , Bashi Jamal Ali 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Water pollution is an important environmental problem at present and has a direct impact on the lives of individuals, families and society. Water pollution is produced from several industrial processes. One of these processes is the making vegetable oils, where the polluted water is produced by the refining of vegetable oils, there is also contaminated water resulting from the process of bleaching vegetable oil, there is another pollution of the water produced by the process of removing the smell of vegetable oil and there is also pollution of water resulting from heat exchangers where the use of cold or hot water. In this research, were used natural and chemical materials, different concentrations and different weights to reach the best results. The treatment process is done in two phases, the first by adding the following substances (alum, calcium hydroxide alkaline and concentrated sulfuric acid) in different quantities to the polluted water and then leaving a period of time after it is separated from the sediment method. After treatment, (pH), residual Chlorine (cl), bioactive oxygen (BOD5), Oils and Greases (O & G) and phosphate (PO4) are measured. The second phase of the water is adsorbed by activated carbon adsorption for the removal of chlorine from the water (a class of halogens) which is strongly adsorbed by activated carbon. First, (pH), (BOD5), (O & G), and phosphate (PO4) have been controlled within the allowable limits, while the residual chlorine (cl) is much higher than the maximum limits, where it was treated in the second stage, up to the surveyed boundary before it was put into the river water.
Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Sulfur Content of Diesel fuel from its Physical Properties
Authors: Younis Younis Muhsin , Kayi Hakan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The sulfur content is important in engineering calculations, so this study has two major purposes. The first purpose of the study is to predict the sulfur content from its physical properties by using artificial neural network to decrease time and cost spent on experimental analysis of sulfur content, and the second purpose is to find the simplest formula to predict the sulfur content. Artificial Neural Network is applied as a black-box type modelling for sulfur content prediction of diesel fuel. The experimental data used in this study is obtained from Erbil power station. In this study, the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm is used to train the neural network and to predict the sulfur content. It was observed that the ANN model can predict the sulfur content of diesel quite well with correlation coefficient (R) 0.9813. The prediction Mean Square Error was between the targets values and the outputs values were obtained 0.000339 by the matlab software. The findings obtained in this study indicated that the designed neural network performs quite well in the prediction of sulfur content of diesel fuel from its physical properties.
Removal of Food Carmoisine Dye E-112 From Waste Water Using Different Manufactured Media
Authors: Chyad Al-Hamadani Rawaa Fahim , Merzah Amel S. , Jasim Eitizaz Awad 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The industrial and agricultural waste water contains many contaminants; one of them is the food carmoisine dye E112, which causes a series problems for the environment. Adsorption using porous media is one of the solutions to this problem. In the present work, activated silica sand (ASS), activated carbon (AC), porcelanite, silt and composite porous media, were prepared and used to remove the E112 from waste water using adsorption technique. It was predicted that the removal efficiency was affected by many factors such as time, pH, dose and ozonation of media. These factors were studied and analyzed to investigate the best media which is the activated carbon with the highest removal efficiency than the other porous medias. The results showed that:
• The best removal efficiency of carmoisine dye E-112 was by activated carbon (AC) that reaching to 76% under specific conditions (7 of pH, 20g of AC and 10 mg/l initial concentration of dye) which were selected after several attempts until reaching the best results of removal efficiency.
• Ozonation (ozon pumping to the porous media) was the effective reason of removal efficiency increasing.
• The best one of porous medias according to the removal efficiency was: AC> ASS> composite> porcilanite> silt.
Evaluation of a number of coagulants and coagulation aids in removing water turbidity
Authors: Farhan Ahlam Abdul-Rheem 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe physical efficiency of a number of coagulants alum, ferrous sulfate and ferric chloride in addition to coagulation organic aids like poly ethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide (PAM) and non-organic like Bentonite in removing turbidity of raw water in its high and low turbidity 850 NTU, 52 NTU respectively was studied. The optimal dose was determined for each of them that give less turbidity and higher removal percentage. The results declared that alum was the best removal for both high and low turbidity which reach 99.59% and 97.54% respectively. Ferrous sulfate, Ferric chloride, and calcium oxide were the best for removing turbidity of high turbid raw water 98.26, 98.66 and 92.18% respectively. For coagulation aids, the best of them was (PAM) for both raw water turbidity, while (PEG) record good removal percentage for low turbidity that reach 89.81%. Bentonite give lowest removal percentage for low turbidity 31.92%, on contrast with high turbidity 74%. used of Bentonite with alum improved the removal to 88.92%.
Autonomous tracked vehicles effectiveness estimation
Authors: Naumov V N , Mashkov K Y , Byakov K E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Effectiveness of application of autonomous tracked vehicles depends on many factors. For the manned car, the driver decides how to choose the optimal speed. The speed of autonomous vehicles, especially over highly rough terrain, is significantly lower and is caused by the operation of an autonomous control system. In tracked chassis, one of the agility components is the turnability, which characterizes the control ability of the vehicle under the given conditions. Controllability and ride comfort define how the power-weight ratio influence the average vehicle speed. At the same time, the behavior of an autonomous vehicle during rotation depends not only on the power-weight ratio, but also on the dimensions of the tracks support surfaces; pressure on the ground; steering radius provided by steering drive; traction properties, as well as on road conditions (path curve, traction and steering resistance coefficients). The report presents the analysis of the dependence of tracks slipping on the speed of the tracked autonomous vehicle chassis. The parameters that determine the state of the chassis of an autonomous tracked vehicle are listed. The results of mathematical simulation of the tracked mobile robot movement for different types of soils and with different speeds are presented.
Mivar models of reconstruction and expertise of emergency events of road accidents
Authors: Chuvikov D A , Varlamov O O , Aladin D V , Chernenkiy V M , Baldin A V 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problem of creating expert systems for the reconstruction and analysis of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). The need for development of the special expert system of the analysis and examination of road accident for the solution of this problem was formulated. Also, in the article the compatibility models of the Mivar Expert System and the abstract system of simulation modeling were described. In this article, the Mivar expert system “Analysis MVA” is considered as a promising solution for the reconstruction and analysis of traffic accidents. Much attention is drawn to the principles of operation of the mivar systems in the expert analysis of accidents.
Improving traction and active safety of the wheeled vehicle by the distribution of the driving torque between its axles
Authors: Chudakov O I , Gorelov V A , Sarach E B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One method to improve dynamic qualities, stability and cross-country ability of wheeled vehicles is to use Active Torque Transfer Systems (ATTS). An operating algorithm for the ATTS that ensures improved traction and dynamic properties, road-holding and trajectory stability of a two-axle wheeled vehicle has been suggested. Efficiency and feasibility of the suggested algorithm have been proved through simulation modeling. Lines of future research have been defined.
Charging balance management technology for low-voltage battery in the car control unit with combined power system
Authors: Debelov V V , Endachev D V , Yakunov D M , Deev O I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents the results of mathematical models and algorithms development complex, which is aimed at ensuring a positive charge balance of an automobile low-voltage rechargeable battery in car control systems with a hybrid power system. The aim of the work is to create and implement a set of software and mathematical models on one of the existing passenger car model, using the default components and systems of the car, to achieve a positive energy balance of the automotive low-voltage power network, and also to solve the problem of battery discharge by normalizing the turn-on time of powerful consumers leading to fast battery discharge. As criteria for the optimal performance of the proposed models and algorithms, the SOC parameters are considered - state of charge (%), battery charge (A * h), charge and discharge current of a battery (A), voltage on a battery during its charge when a charging current is absent or in a quiescent state (V), ambient temperature (˚C). Authors defined: composition of a control system, the necessary logic and a set of mathematical models implemented by electronic systems to control the charging balance of the automotive low-voltage power supply network, connections and functions of systems and components. As a result of a full-scale experiment, charge and discharge graphs, experimental data, current characteristics and dynamics of their changes during operation, experimental time-current dependencies during the operation of each component of a low-voltage power grid were obtained. The results of the work support to improve energy balance of an electrical power network, increase the efficiency and service life cycle of batteries, formulate system and technical requirements for control systems and their subsequent implementation. Versatility solutions are provided for improving management of charge balance car battery.
The influence of the type of fly ash on selected physical properties of their water mixtures (multiphase mixtures)
Authors: Pierzyna P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Waste from energy or mining has been widely used in civil engineering for many years, ie in road engineering, construction, land reclamation as well as in mining. The most frequently performed technologies in underground mining with fine-fraction waste are the sealing of infarcted grouting of cavings and liquidation. In these technologies, transport and migration properties play a primary role. They depend on the type of fly ash. At present, in Polish hard coal mines located in Upper Silesia, most commonly used technologies are ashes with code 10 01 02 from conventional boilers, and as second ashes from code 10 02 82 from fluidized bed boilers. The article presents the results of research on selected physical properties of ash-water mixtures such as: water-ash index (W/FA), leveling, density and volume of excess water. Furthermore, for the tested ashes, the volume of water was determined, which can be utilized in the case of the technologies described above, and it will constitute an added value.
Use of a Jig Beneficiation Process for Obtaining Mineral Raw Materials
Authors: Kowol D , Matusiak P 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article presents a construction and operational principle of a pulsating jig, a device for obtaining minerals in a pulsating water medium. A smart control system of the device is discussed. Examples of jig implementations for obtaining minerals from natural deposits and for a recovery of minerals from mine heaps are presented. Tests results of used equipment are provided, indicating a possibility of obtaining purified aggregate and steam coal concentrate of high quality parameters.