bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reception studies in live and pre-recorded subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing
Authors: Romero-Fresco Pablo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide an overview of reception research in the field of subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing (SDH). Given that the development of reception research in this area is closely linked to the development of SDH as a professional practice and academic field of study, a historical approach has been adopted here. It starts from the origins of pre-recorded and live SDH in the US and Europe and continues with the first and often overlooked classroom-based experiments and large-scale user surveys that substantiated the introduction of TV subtitles in the 1970s and 1980s. The focus is then turned to the more specific parameters studied in the 1990s, followed by the first eye-tracking studies and the development of SDH as a field of study in Europe in the 2000s and, finally, the internationalisation and specialisation of the recent experimental (re)turn experienced by reception studies in SDH. The chapter concludes with a section on the scarce reception research conducted to date in the area of live SDH and with some final thoughts on the features, challenges and requirements of experimental research in this area.
Audio description and reception-centred research
Authors: Di Giovanni Elena 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on audio description research from a reception studies perspective. Since its inception into audiovisual translation studies slightly over ten years ago, research on audio description has grown exponentially and, unlike other audiovisual translation techniques and the related research, it has very often placed the needs, priorities and preferences of the end users at its core. After reviewing the tools and methodologies so far employed in reception-centred audio description research, by highlighting their shortcomings and merits, the chapter moves on to identify four major strands in this area. Several experiments and publications are then discussed with reference to each research strand, focusing on their replicability but also reflecting on the role (and dangers) of interdisciplinarity in such an ever-growing field of study.
Reception studies in game localisation
Authors: Mangiron Carme 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This chapter aims at providing an overview of the existing reception studies in the area of game localisation. After briefly describing the main characteristics of game localisation and its focus on users and their player experience (PX), the paper discusses the small number of reception studies in game localisation that have been carried out to date within the framework of Translation Studies, discussing their research objectives, methods and tools. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for further reception studies in the area of game localisation and presenting future paths for research in this area.
也論漢語「主語指向型」動補結構的句法構造 (On subject-oriented resultatives in Mandarin)
Authors: Bi Luosha , Pan Haihua 
Published: June 2018

抽象
漢語「主語指向型」動補結構一直被學界看作是動補結構的「例外」。本文著重研究了這類動補結構的句法語義特點，利用多種句法手段證明「主語指向型」動補結構內部存在差異，即有些並不屬於動補結構，有些表面上看似「主語指向」的動補結構其實是基礎動補結構的衍生結構，在底層結構中這類補語仍是指向賓語。這一分析不僅維持了關於動補結構的統一分析理論（如 DOR 理論），而且為現代漢語的動補結構提供了跨語言的分析視角。
宋室南渡與臨安官話對吳語的影響 – 若干詞彙、語法的例證 (Influence of the southern migration of the Song Dynasty on Wu dialects via Lin’an Guanhua: Lexical and syntactic evidence)
Authors: Sheng Yimin 
Published: June 2018

抽象
本文主要討論宋室南渡之後，由官話區帶來的臨安官話對吳語詞彙、語法的影響。文章首先確定了某個成分是宋室南渡帶入吳語的工作假設：該成分來自官話而非吳語的固有形式，並且該成分是宋室南渡而非之前永嘉南渡帶入的。其次，文章舉了「東西」「項-」「立」「穿」「多少」及 V-neg-V 結構等六個詞彙、語法項作為例證，具體討論了臨安官話對吳語的影響。之後，文章從方言接觸的角度討論了所涉詞彙借用、語法複製、接觸模式等相關問題。
Developing a New Activity Pollution Index for Emissions Quantitative Assessment in Projects Construction Phase: Case Study of an Administrative Building, Egypt
Authors: Elmasoudi Islam , Ibrahim Mona G. , Mahmod Wael Elham , Elbeltagi Emad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Quantitative assessment of emissions related to construction projects should be performed during the planning phase of the projects. This is significant to spot the high values of pollution during the construction phase. In this study, a model is developed to estimate pollution resulting from Buildings construction activities. The model calculates the generated pollution for each activity involved in the project as a result of dust, gases and noise emissions. A new index is developed namely Activity Pollution Index (API) which expresses the amount of total pollution for each activity during the project construction phase. Also, the developed model is able to display the resulted total pollution distribution throughout the project life that corresponding to the planned scheduling. An actual case study in an administrative building construction in Egypt is selected to demonstrate the practical use of the proposed model. The results show that the peak and minimum values of total pollution were occurred during the excavation activity and the formwork erections and steel fixing of the second segment of the building with values of API equal to 69 and 2, respectively.
Clinimetric Properties and Minimal Clinically Important Differences for a Battery of Gait, Balance, and Cognitive Examinations for the Tap Test in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Gallagher Ryan , Marquez Jodie , Osmotherly Peter 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is treated by insertion of a ventricular peritoneal (VP) shunt. To help identify who would benefit from a VP shunt, patients undergo a tap test (TT). Several measures can identify change from a TT, but the magnitude of change and the combination of measures that indicate the improvement from a TT is unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To develop minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) for a battery of gait, balance, and cognitive measures in relation to improvement from the TT, and to identify which combination of measures best identifies when improvement has occurred.

METHODS
Observational study of iNPH patients undergoing a TT for consideration of a VP shunt. Patients completed the: The Timed Up and Go (TUG), Timed Up and Go cognition (TUG-C), Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (Tinetti), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) pre- and post-TT. A Global Rating of Change scale assessed patients’ perceived improvements in gait and balance post-TT.

RESULTS
MCIDs for the TT were (calculated as percentage changes): TUG: 13%, TUG-C: 11% Tinetti: 36%, and BBS: 20%. A combination of the TUG-C and Tinetti resulted in sensitivity of 90.28% to identify improvement, while the Tinetti and BBS resulted in specificity of 98.58% to exclude improvement from a TT.

CONCLUSION
These MCIDs provide the first evidence to quantify the significance of post-TT symptom changes and provides objective data to guide recommendations for clinical management. Utilizing a combination of measures, and these MCIDs as cut off values, results in high sensitivity and specificity for identifying improvement from a TT.
Similar Low Rates of HCV Recurrence in HCV/HIV- and HCV-Infected Participants who Achieved SVR After DAA Treatment: Interim Results From the ACTG A5320 Viral Hepatitis C Infection Long-term Cohort Study (V-HICS)
Authors: Wyles David L , Kang Minhee , Matining Roy M , Murphy Robert L , Peters Marion G ,   VHICS Study Team
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence rates were similar between those with HCV/HIV co-infection (0.35/100 person-years) and HCV infection (0.42/100 person-years). Low rates of recurrence likely represent enrollment of an HIV population at low risk for recurrence. Care should be taken not to label all HCV/HIV co-infected patients as being at high risk for HCV recurrence.
Readmission Following Surgical Resection for Intractable Epilepsy: Nationwide Rates, Causes, Predictors, and Outcomes
Authors: Rumalla Kavelin , Smith Kyle A , Arnold Paul M , Schwartz Theodore H 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hospital readmissions can be detrimental to patients and may interfere with the potential benefits of the therapeutic procedure. Government agencies have begun to focus on reducing readmissions; however, the etiology of readmissions is lacking.

OBJECTIVE
To report the national rates, risk factors, and outcomes associated with 30- and 90-d readmissions following surgery for intractable epilepsy.

METHODS
We queried the Nationwide Readmissions Database from January to September 2013 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition, Clinical Modification codes to identify all patients with intractable epilepsy, who underwent hemispherectomy (01.52), brain lobectomy (01.53), amydalohippocampectomy, or partial lobectomy (01.59). Predictor variables included epilepsy type, presurgical diagnostic testing, surgery type, medical complications, surgical complications, and discharge disposition.

RESULTS
In 1587 patients, the 30- and 90-d readmission rates were 11.5% and 16.8%, respectively. The most common reasons for readmission were persistent epilepsy, video electroencephalography monitoring, postoperative infection, and postoperative central nervous system complication. In multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with both 30- and 90-d readmission were Medicare payer status, lowest quartile of median income, depression, hemispherectomy, and postoperative complications (P < .05). The only unique predictor of 30-d readmission was small bedsize hospital (P = .001). Readmissions within 30 d were associated with longer length of stay (6.8 vs 5.8 d), greater costs ($18 660 vs $15 515), and increased adverse discharges (26.4% vs 21.8%).

CONCLUSION
Following epilepsy surgery, most readmissions that occurred within 30 d can be attributed to management of persistent epilepsy and predicted by Medicare payer status, depression, and complications. These data can assist the clinician in preventing readmissions and assist policy makers determine which admissions are potentially avoidable.
New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of non-viral hepatocellular carcinoma: a balancing act between immunosuppression and immunosurveillance
Authors: Karin Michael 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. HCC initiates as a consequence of chronic liver damage and inflammation caused by hepatitis B and C virus infections, excessive alcohol consumption, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Until recently, no effective treatments for advanced HCC were available and the 5-year survival rate had remained below 8% for many years. New insights into the mechanisms that drive the development of NAFLD-related HCC indicate that loss of T-cell-mediated immunosurveillance plays a cardinal role in tumor growth and malignant progression, in addition to previously identified inflammation-driven compensatory proliferation. Recently completed groundbreaking clinical studies have shown that treatments that restore antitumor immunity represent a highly effective therapeutic option for approximately 20% of advanced HCC patients. Understanding the causes of inflammation-driven immunosuppression and immune system dysfunction in the 80% of patients who fail to reignite antitumor immunity despite treatment with checkpoint inhibitors should lead to further and even more dramatic improvements in HCC immunotherapy.
Characteristics of Pregnant Women Reporting Cannabis Use Disorder at Substance Use Treatment Entry
Authors: Washio Yukiko , Mark Katrina , Terplan Mishka 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
The current study examined distinct characteristics of yearly trend, sociodemographic, and treatment-related variables of prenatal cannabis use as the primary drug of choice among pregnant women admitted to substance use treatment for the first time.

Methods:
The Treatment Episode Data Set-Admission between 1992 and 2015 was used for a cross-sectional study focused on prenatal cannabis use reported at treatment admission.

Results:
Among pregnant women admitted to substance use treatment for the first time (n = 489,796), 40.6% reported any level of cannabis use, and 40.8% reported cannabis use as the primary drug of choice at treatment admission. Adjusted for other characteristics, a statistically significant change in overall trends for any prenatal cannabis use, and also in cannabis use as the primary drug of choice over 20 years was detected. While pregnant women reporting cannabis use as the primary drug of choice were significantly less likely to co-use other substances, those involved in the criminal justice system were significantly more likely to co-use cocaine and opioids, but significantly less likely to co-use alcohol.

Discussion/conclusion:
Continued monitoring of prenatal cannabis use and patterns of other substance co-use is encouraged, given the perceived harm of cannabis use in young generations has lessened in recent years, coinciding with the legalization process. Targeted education materials and treatment options to treating prenatal cannabis use should be developed tailored to substance use characteristics and criminal justice involvement.
Stratified Probabilistic Bias Analysis for Body Mass Index–related Exposure Misclassification in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Banack Hailey R. , Stokes Andrew , Fox Matthew P. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , LeBlanc Erin S. , Bird Chloe , Caan Bette J. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Allison Matthew A. , Going Scott B. , Snetselaar Linda , Cheng Ting-Yuan David , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaMonte Michael J. , Wactawski-Wende Jean 
Published: June 2018

Background:
There is widespread concern about the use of body mass index (BMI) to define obesity status in postmenopausal women because it may not accurately represent an individual’s true obesity status. The objective of the present study is to examine and adjust for exposure misclassification bias from using an indirect measure of obesity (BMI) compared with a direct measure of obesity (percent body fat).

Methods:
We used data from postmenopausal non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white women in the Women’s Health Initiative (n=126,459). Within the Women’s Health Initiative, a sample of 11,018 women were invited to participate in a sub-study involving dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans. We examined indices of validity comparing BMI-defined obesity (≥30 kg/m2), with obesity defined by percent body fat. We then used probabilistic bias analysis models stratified by age and race to explore the effect of exposure misclassification on the obesity–mortality relationship.

Results:
Validation analyses highlight that using a BMI cutpoint of 30 kg/m2 to define obesity in postmenopausal women is associated with poor validity. There were notable differences in sensitivity by age and race. Results from the stratified bias analysis demonstrated that failing to adjust for exposure misclassification bias results in attenuated estimates of the obesity–mortality relationship. For example, in non-Hispanic white women 50–59 years of age, the conventional risk difference was 0.017 (95% confidence interval = 0.01, 0.023) and the bias-adjusted risk difference was 0.035 (95% simulation interval = 0.028, 0.043).

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate the importance of using quantitative bias analysis techniques to account for nondifferential exposure misclassification of BMI-defined obesity. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B385.
Emerging Adults and Recovery Capital
Authors: Elswick Alex , Fallin-Bennett Amanda , Ashford Kristin , Werner-Wilson Ronald 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are chronic, relapsing brain disorders associated with morbidity, mortality, and high healthcare costs. Emerging adults are particularly vulnerable, with twice the risk of developing an SUD relative to their adult or adolescent counterparts. Emerging adults in addiction and recovery are understudied. Accordingly, the concept of recovery capital has been developed to account for the internal and external resources that an individual can mobilize to recover from an SUD. To better understand the barriers that contribute to relapse, we explored recovery capital among emerging adults. The aims of this phenomenological study were to explore and describe the experience of emerging adults in recovery and to identify the barriers and facilitators to their recovery.

Methods
The informants (n = 8) were 18–25 years old in recovery from SUDs. Data were collected in 2016 using semistructured interviews and subsequently analyzed in 2017 for emerging themes.

Results
Informants in this study reported challenges that may be unique to their age and stage of development. Informants reported residential and financial instability as barriers to recovery. Alternatively, informants reported spirituality and visible role models in recovery as facilitators of recovery. Finally, informants reported that the role of their families changed temporally throughout the course of their addiction to facilitate their recovery.

Conclusion
The results from this study suggest that the developmental tasks facing emerging adults are exacerbated in addiction and recovery, which increases the likelihood of SUD relapse.
Reducing Readmissions Post-tonsillectomy: A Quality Improvement Study on Intravenous Hydration
Authors: Hession-Laband Eileen , Melvin Patrice , Shermont Herminia , Murphy Jane M. , Bukoye Bola , Amin Manali 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Dehydration is a potentially preventable complication post-tonsillectomy and can result in an Emergency Department visit and/or readmission. Our objectives were to identify risk factors for dehydration readmissions and develop interventions to prevent them.

Methods:
We used retrospective chart reviews to determine if increased intravenous (IV) hydration post-tonsillectomy prevented hospital readmissions for dehydration. All children aged 1–18 years who underwent tonsillectomy between July 1, 2007 and September 30, 2015 were included in this quality improvement study. Using the Pediatric Health Information System database, patients who experienced a readmission for dehydration within 72 hours of surgery were identified and validated with internal data. We analyzed the pre-implementation and post-implementation readmission rates after standardization of increased IV fluids (1.5 times maintenance). An interrupted time series analysis was used to estimate the effects of our hydration initiative.

Results:
Of 11,157 patients who underwent tonsillectomy during the study period, 96 (0.9%) met the criteria for readmissions for dehydration. The pre-implementation readmission rate was 1% compared to 0.2% post-implementation, a reduction of 82%.

Conclusions:
The hydration initiative was associated with a significant decrease in hospital readmissions. This safe, low-cost, easy-to-implement approach to preventing dehydration post-tonsillectomy could be explored at other institutions.
Vitamin C: should we supplement?
Authors: Spoelstra-de Man Angélique M.E. , Elbers Paul W.G. , Oudemans-Van Straaten Heleen M. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
Hypovitaminosis C and vitamin C deficiency are very common in critically ill patients due to increased needs and decreased intake. Because vitamin C has pleiotropic functions, deficiency can aggravate the severity of illness and hamper recovery.

Recent findings
Vitamin C is a key circulating antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune-supporting effects, and a cofactor for important mono and dioxygenase enzymes. An increasing number of preclinical studies in trauma, ischemia/reperfusion, and sepsis models show that vitamin C administered at pharmacological doses attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation, and restores endothelial and organ function. Older studies showed less organ dysfunction when vitamin C was administered in repletion dose (2–3 g intravenous vitamin C/day). Recent small controlled studies using pharmacological doses (6–16 g/day) suggest that vitamin C reduces vasopressor support and organ dysfunction, and may even decrease mortality.

Summary
A short course of intravenous vitamin C in pharmacological dose seems a promising, well tolerated, and cheap adjuvant therapy to modulate the overwhelming oxidative stress in severe sepsis, trauma, and reperfusion after ischemia. Large randomized controlled trials are necessary to provide more evidence before wide-scale implementation can be recommended.
Pancreas Divisum in Pediatric Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Lin Tom K. , Abu-El-Haija Maisam , Nathan Jaimie D. , Palermo Joseph P. , Barth Bradley , Bellin Melena , Fishman Douglas S. , Freedman Steven D. , Gariepy Cheryl E. , Giefer Matthew J. , Gonska Tanja , Heyman Melvin B. , Himes Ryan , Husain Sohail Z. , Liu Quin , Maqbool Asim , Mascarenhas Maria , McFerron Brian , Morinville Veronique D. , Ooi Chee Y. , Perito Emily , Pohl John F. , Rhee Sue , Schwarzenberg Sarah Jane , Shah Uzma , Troendle David , Werlin Steven L. , Wilschanski Michael , Zimmerman M. Bridget , Lowe Mark E. , Uc Aliye 
Published: June 2018

Introduction:
The significance of pancreas divisum (PD) as a risk factor for pancreatitis is controversial. We analyzed the characteristics of children with PD associated with acute recurrent or chronic pancreatitis to better understand its impact.

Patients and Methods:
We compared children with or without PD in the well-phenotyped INSPPIRE (INternational Study group of Pediatric Pancreatitis: In search for a cuRE) cohort. Differences were analyzed using 2-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables, Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact test for categorical variables.

Results:
PD was found in 52 of 359 (14.5%) subjects, a higher prevalence than the general population (∼7%). Females more commonly had PD (71% vs. 55%; P=0.02). Children with PD did not have a higher incidence of mutations in SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC compared with children with no PD. Children with PD were less likely to have PRSS1 mutations (10% vs. 34%; P<0.01) or a family history of pancreatitis (P<0.05), and more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia (11% vs. 3%; P=0.03). Children with PD underwent significantly more endoscopic procedures and pancreatic sphincterotomy. Patients with PD had fewer attacks of acute pancreatitis (P=0.03) and were less likely to develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (P=0.01). Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was considered most helpful if pancreatic duct was impacted with stones (83% helpful).

Conclusions:
PD is likely a risk factor for acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis in children that appears to act independently of genetic risk factors. Patients with PD and stones obstructing the pancreatic duct benefit most from therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.