bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swedish medical students’ attitudes toward artificial intelligence and effects on career plans: a survey
Authors: Neittaanmäki Noora 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundThe implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), and especially generative AI, is transforming many medical fields, while medical education faces new challenges in integrating AI into the curriculum and is facing challenges with the rise of generative AI chatbots.ObjectiveThis survey study aimed to assess medical students’ attitudes toward AI in medicine in general, effects of AI in students’ career plans, and students’ use of generative AI in medical studies.MethodsAn anonymous and voluntary online survey was designed using SurveyMonkey and was sent out to medical students at Gothenburg University. It consisted of 25 questions divided into various sections aiming to evaluate the students’ prior knowledge of AI, their use of generative AI during medical studies, their attitude toward AI in medicine in general, and the effect of AI on their career plans.ResultsOf the 172 students who completed the survey, 74% were aware of AI in medicine, and 71% agreed or strongly agreed that AI will improve medicine. One-third were frightened of the increased use of AI in medicine. Radiologists and pathologists were perceived as most likely to be replaced by AI. Interestingly, 37% of the responders agreed or strongly agreed that they will exclude some field of medicine because of AI. More than half argued that AI should be part of medical training. Almost all responders (99%) were aware of generative AI chatbots, and 64% had taken advantage of these in their medical studies. Fifty-eight percent agreed or strongly agreed that the use of AI is supporting their learning as medical students.ConclusionMedical students show high expectations for AI’s impact on medicine, yet they express concerns about their future careers. Over a third would avoid fields threatened by AI. These findings underscore the need to educate students, particularly in radiology and pathology, about optimizing human-AI collaboration rather than viewing it as a threat. There is an obvious need to integrate AI into the medical curriculum. Furthermore, the medical students rely on AI chatbots in their studies, which should be taken into consideration while restructuring medical education.
Mapping the global research on project-based learning: a bibliometric and network analysis (2014–2024)
Authors: Mota Fabio Batista , Cabral Bernardo Pereira , Braga Luiza Amara Maciel , Lopes Renato Matos 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundProject-based learning (PjBL) is a widely adopted educational approach known for fostering critical skills such as collaboration, problem-solving, and self-regulated learning. Despite its global implementation across various educational levels and disciplines, there has been limited comprehensive analysis of global research trends in PjBL.ObjectiveThis study maps the global research on PjBL.MethodsWe used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, bibliometrics, and network analyses to analyze 2,273 peer-reviewed articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection and published between January 2014 and August 2024.ResultsOur findings show a significant increase in PjBL research over time, with an 800% growth in publications since 2014. The most frequent keywords are engineering education, higher education, and STEM, and the main research areas are Education and Educational Research, Engineering, and Computer Science. The United States of America, Spain, and China are the leading countries in publications. Additionally, the network analysis shows strong collaborations, particularly between organizations in the USA and Asia.ConclusionThis study offers a broad understanding of the global research landscape on PjBL, delivering key insights for future studies and promoting collaborative research among organizations worldwide.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma mediates the association between Life’s Crucial 9 with overactive bladder: a secondary data analysis from NHANES
Authors: Gong Hongyang , Lin Xiaomei , Huang Shaoqun 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSome studies suggest a potential link between cardiovascular health, lipid, and overactive bladder (OAB). Life’s Crucial 9 (LC9) is a recently developed method for assessing cardiovascular health, while the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) represents a novel marker of atherosclerotic lipid profiles. However, the relationship between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder and the role of Atherogenic Index of Plasma in the relationship between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder is unclear. This study investigates the relationship between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder and evaluates whether Atherogenic Index of Plasma influences this association.MethodsThis study conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 25,628 U.S. participants in the NHANES database from 2005-2018. Firstly, we used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the relationship between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder. Subsequently, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were further used to verify their relationship. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to explore the potential role of Atherogenic Index of Plasma levels in the association between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder.ResultsA total of 25,628 participants were included in this study, among whom 5,150 reported overactive bladder events. After using multivariate logistic regression to adjust for age, sex, race, marital status, education level, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, a 10-unit increase in Life’s Crucial 9 was associated with a 28% reduction in overactive bladder incidence (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.69-0.76), while a 1-unit increase in Atherogenic Index of Plasma was associated with a 7% increase in overactive bladder incidence (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.14). Similar results were obtained when Life’s Crucial 9 and Atherogenic Index of Plasma were categorized into tertiles, with a significant trend (P for trend &lt; 0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a linear negative correlation between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder incidence. Mediation analysis further indicated that 6.49% of the relationship between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder was mediated by Atherogenic Index of Plasma (P = 0.014).ConclusionThis study found a significant negative correlation between Life’s Crucial 9 and overactive bladder, with Atherogenic Index of Plasma partially mediating this relationship. These findings highlight the potential link between cardiovascular health and overactive bladder, underscoring the role of Life’s Crucial 9 in reducing overactive bladder incidence, possibly through its effects on lowering lipid levels.
Case Report: A case of progressive encephalopathy with or without lipodystrophy caused by BSCL2 variant and literature review
Authors: Wang Yao , Guo Jing , Zhang Peiqi , Liu Fang , Li Hua 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo describe a case of Progressive Encephalopathy with or without Lipodystrophy (PELD), characterized by a late onset of neurological regression at 9 years old, due to a homozygous c.974dupG variant in the BSCL2 gene.MethodsAn 11-year, 9-month-old girl with repeated seizures over 2 years underwent clinical assessment and genetic investigation. We also reviewed the published literature.ResultsThe patient exhibited mild intellectual disability, a lipodystrophic appearance, precocious puberty, voracious appetite, elevated transaminase levels, hyperlipidemia, hypercortisolism, hepatomegaly, fatty liver, and splenomegaly. Motor and cognitive regression occurred at 9 years. A homozygous pathogenic variant c.974dup (p.Ile326HisfsTer12) in exon 7 of BSCL2 (NM_001122955.4) was identified. Despite multiple antiseizure medications, seizures were refractory, leading to status epilepticus and rapid death after genetic diagnosis.ConclusionWe confirm that the BSCL2 c.974dupG variant is a cause of PELD. Regression may occur later than previously reported. Literature review suggests that the c.974dupG variant may present a milder phenotype compared to the classic c.985C&gt;T variant. Early genetic testing and diagnosis are crucial for improving outcomes in rare neurodegenerative disorders like PELD.
Mixed methods in promoting contraceptive decision-making after voluntary-termination-of-pregnancy
Authors: Palma Sara , São-João Ricardo , Antunes Mónica , Presado Helena 
Published: February 2025

AimContraception aims to protect women from unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. The number of voluntary-terminations-of-pregnancy is an indicator that highlights issues such as difficulty accessing health services and women's lack of knowledge about contraceptives. These factors complicate choosing, adhering to, continuing, and achieving satisfaction with a contraceptive method. Mixed studies have gained prominence in health research with significant implications for care quality, particularly in nursing.ObjectivesAnalyze the applicability of mixed-method research in promoting contraceptive decision-making for women undergoing voluntary termination of pregnancy.MethodsA theoretical-reflective essay based on a theoretical framework guiding reflections on mixed research. This reflection explores the basic theoretical constructs of mixed methods and their applicability in promoting contraceptive decision-making for women in the process of voluntary pregnancy termination.ResultsCategories emerging from qualitative study participants' statements were consolidated with quantitative data from women's responses to questionnaires. Integrating these two data types facilitated a robust analysis, discussion, and inference of results, leading to proposals for future interventions.ConclusionsDue to the advantages of the multimethod approach, we aim to disseminate its use in health research, demonstrating that combining quantitative and qualitative approaches provides greater insights into research phenomena and problems compared to using each method in isolation. This ultimately enhances care quality and contributes to scientific knowledge development.
T cell receptor usage and epitope specificity amongst CD8+ and CD4+ SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells
Authors: Fahnøe Ulrik , Feng Shan , Underwood Alexander P. , Jacobsen Kivin , Ameri Amir , Blicher Thomas H. , Sølund Christina S. , Rosenberg Brad R. , Brix Liselotte , Weis Nina , Bukh Jens 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has highlighted the critical importance of understanding protective long-lasting immune responses. This study investigates the epitope specificity, T cell receptor (TCR) usage, and phenotypic changes in SARS-CoV-2-specfic CD8+ and CD4+ T cells over time in convalescent individuals with COVID-19.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 28 unvaccinated individuals with primary SARS-CoV-2 infection (6 identified as the D614G variant, clade 20C) and analyzed up to 12 months post-symptom onset. Antigen-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) using specific dextramer and antibody reagents. TCR clonotypes and activation markers were characterized to explore T cell dynamics.ResultsSARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells exhibited waning frequencies long-term, transitioning from memory-like to a naïve-like state. scRNAseq revealed specificity against both spike and non-spike antigens with increased CD95 and CD127 expression over time, indicating that naïve-like T cells may represent stem cell memory T cells, which are multipotent and self-renewing, likely important for long-lived immunity. TCR clonal expansion was observed mainly in memory T cells, with overlapping TCR beta chain (TRB)-complementary determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences between participants, suggesting shared public TCR epitope-specific repertoires against SARS-CoV-2. Further, unique spike-specific CD4+ T cells with high CD95 and CD127 expression were identified, which may play a crucial role in long-term protection.DiscussionThis study highlights epitope-specificity heterogeneity, with some immunodominant responses, and suggests a potential role for long-lived SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity. Shared TCR repertoires offers insights into cross-reactive and protective T cell clones, providing valuable information for optimizing vaccine strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The findings underscore the critical role of cellular immunity in long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 and emphasizes the importance of understanding T cell dynamics.
Digital remote monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Dini Michelangelo , Comi Giancarlo , Leocani Letizia 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects over 2.8 million people globally, leading to significant motor and non-motor symptoms. Effective disease monitoring is critical for improving patient outcomes but is often hindered by the limitations of infrequent clinical assessments. Digital remote monitoring tools leveraging big data and AI offer new opportunities to track symptoms in real time and detect disease progression.MethodsThis narrative review explores recent advancements in digital remote monitoring of motor and non-motor symptoms in MS. We conducted a PubMed search to collect original studies aimed at evaluating the use of AI and/or big data for digital remote monitoring of pwMS. We focus on tools and techniques applied to data from wearable sensors, smartphones, and other connected devices, as well as AI-based methods for the analysis of big data.ResultsWearable sensors and machine learning algorithms show significant promise in monitoring motor symptoms, such as fall risk and gait disturbances. Many studies have demonstrated their reliability not only in clinical settings and for independent execution of motor assessments by patients, but also for passive monitoring during everyday life. Cognitive monitoring, although less developed, has seen progress with AI-driven tools that automate the scoring of neuropsychological tests and analyse passive keystroke dynamics. However, passive cognitive monitoring is still underdeveloped, compared to monitoring of motor symptoms. Some preliminary evidence suggests that application of AI and big data to other understudied aspects of MS (namely sleep and circadian autonomic patterns) may provide novel insights.ConclusionAdvances in AI and big data offer exciting possibilities for improving disease management and patient outcomes in MS. Digital remote monitoring has the potential to revolutionize MS care by providing continuous, long-term granular data on both motor and non-motor symptoms. While promising results have been demonstrated, larger-scale studies and more robust validation are needed to fully integrate these tools into clinical practice and generalise their results to the wider MS population.
A comprehensive prognostic and immune analysis of LAPTM4B in pan-cancer and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Zhou Hui , Yi Yuyao , He Wei , Zheng Li , Hu Yiguo , Niu Ting 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionLysosomal-associated protein transmembrane-4 beta (LAPTM4B) protein expression was increased in solid tumors, whereas few studies were performed in hematologic malignancies. We aimed to study the effect of the LAPTM4B gene in pan-cancer and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute B cell lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL).MethodsThe differential expression, diagnosis, prognosis, genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor microenvironment, stemness, immune infiltration cells, function enrichment, single-cell analysis, and drug response across cancers were conducted based on multiple computational tools. Additionally, Ph+ B-ALL transgenic mouse model with Laptm4b knockout was used to analyze the function of LAPTM4B in vivo. BrdU incorporation method, flow cytometry, and Witte-lock Witte culture were used to evaluate the roles of LAPTM4B in vitro.ResultsWe identified that LAPTM4B expression was increased in various cancers, with significant associations with clinical outcomes. LAPTM4B expression correlated with DNA and RNA methylation patterns and was associated with drug resistance. It also influenced the tumor immune microenvironment, with implications for immunotherapy response. In leukemia, LAPTM4B was expressed in stem cells and associated with specific subtypes. Knockout of LAPTM4B impeded B-ALL progression in mice and reduced cell proliferation and caused G0/G1 arrest in vitro.DiscussionOur study elucidated the role LAPTM4B that promoted the development and progression in Ph+ B-ALL. Furthermore, LAPTM4B played a diagnostic, prognostic, and immunological factor.
Pig jejunal single-cell RNA landscapes revealing breed-specific immunology differentiation at various domestication stages
Authors: Fu Wenyu , Xie Qinqin , Yu Pengfei , Liu Shuang , Xu Lingyao , Ye Xiaowei , Zhao Wei , Wang Qishan , Pan Yuchun , Zhang Zhe , Wang Zhen 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundDomestication of wild boars into local and intensive pig breeds has driven adaptive genomic changes, resulting in significant phenotypic differences in intestinal immune function. The intestine relies on diverse immune cells, but their evolutionary changes during domestication remain poorly understood at single-cell resolution.MethodsWe performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and marker gene analysis on jejunal tissues from wild boars, a Chinese local breed (Jinhua), and an intensive breed (Duroc). Then, we developed an immune cell evaluation system that includes immune scoring, gene identification, and cell communication analysis. Additionally, we mapped domestication-related clustering relationships, highlighting changes in gene expression and immune function.ResultsWe generated a single-cell atlas of jejunal tissues, analyzing 26,246 cells and identifying 11 distinct cell lineages, including epithelial and plasma cells, and discovered shared and unique patterns in intestinal nutrition and immunity across breeds. Immune cell evaluation analysis confirmed the conservation and heterogeneity of immune cells, manifested by highly conserved functions of immune cell subgroups, but wild boars possess stronger immune capabilities than domesticated breeds. We also discovered four patterns of domestication-related breed-specific genes related to metabolism, immune surveillance, and cytotoxic functions. Lastly, we identified a unique population of plasma cells with distinctive antibody production in Jinhua pig population.ConclusionsOur findings provide valuable single-cell insights into the cellular heterogeneity and immune function evolution in the jejunum during pig at various domestication stages. The single-cell atlas also serves as a resource for comparative studies and supports breeding programs aimed at enhancing immune traits in pigs.
Suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome by a small molecule targeting CK1α–β-catenin–NF-κB and CK1α–NRF2–mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways during mycobacterial infection
Authors: Guan Qing , Xiong Huan , Song Xiangyu , Liu Sheng , Guang Yuanjun , Nie Qi , Xie Yan , Zhang Xiao-Lian 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionPyroptosis is an important inflammatory form of cell death and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) chronic infection triggers excessive inflammatory pyroptosis of macrophages. Our previous research has confirmed that a small compound pyrvinium pamoate (PP) could inhibit inflammatory pathological changes and mycobacterial burden in M.tb-infected mice, but the potential mechanism of PP for inhibiting M.tb-induced inflammation remains unexplored.MethodsThe effects of PP on the NLRP3-ASC-Casp1 inflammasome assembly and activation, gasdermin D (GSDMD) mediated pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokines expression were assessed in human THP-1-derived macrophages after M.tb H37Rv/H37Ra/ Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) infection or LPS treatment by Transcriptome sequencing, RT-qPCR, Co-immunoprecipitation and Western Blot (WB) analysis. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was used to evaluate the CC50 of PP in M.tb-infected THP-1 cells.ResultsWe found that M.tb/S. typhimurium infection and LPS treatment significantly activate NLRP3-ASC-Casp1 inflammasome activation, GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) expression in macrophages, whereas PP could suppress these inflammatory effects in a dose dependent manner. Regarding the PP-inhibition mechanism, we further found that this inhibitory activity is mediated through the PP-targeting casein kinase 1A1 (CK1α)–β-catenin–NF-κB pathway and CK1α–NRF2–mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. In addition, a CK1α specific inhibitor D4476 or CK1α siRNA could reverse these inhibitory effects of PP on bacteria-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages.ConclusionsThis study reveals a previously unreported mechanism that pyrvinium can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome and GSDMD–IL-1β inflammatory pyroptosis via targeting suppressing CK1α–β-catenin–NF-κB and CK1α–NRF2–mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways, suggesting that pyrvinium pamoate holds great promise as a host directed therapy (HDT) drug for mycobacterial-induced excessive inflammatory response.