bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ultra–low-dose Intrathecal Naloxone on Pain Intensity After Lumbar Laminectomy With Spinal Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Firouzian Abolfazl , Gholipour Baradari Afshin , Ehteshami Saeid , Zamani Kiasari Alieh , Shafizad Misagh , Shafiei Sajad , Younesi Rostami Fatemeh , Alipour Abbas , Ala Shahram , Darvishi-Khezri Hadi , Haddadi Kaveh 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Despite advances in pain management, several patients continue to experience severe acute pain after lumbar spine surgery. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of single ultra–low-dose intrathecal (IT) naloxone in combination with IT morphine for reducing pain intensity, pruritus, nausea, and vomiting in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy with spinal fusion.

Materials and Methods:
In this double-blind trial, patients scheduled for lumbar laminectomy with spinal fusion were randomly assigned to receive single ultra–low-dose IT naloxone (20 μg) and IT morphine (0.2 mg) (group M+N) or IT morphine (0.2 mg) alone (group M). The severity of postoperative pain, pruritus and nausea, and frequency of vomiting were assessed at recovery from anesthesia and, subsequently, at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively using an 11-point (0-10) visual analogue scale.

Results:
A total of 77 patients completed the study, and there were significant differences in postoperative pain, pruritus, and nausea visual analogue scale between the groups (P<0.05). After adjusting for body mass index and surgery duration, IT naloxone administration reduced the pain score (coefficient=1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.63; P<0.001), and the scores of pruritus and nausea (coefficient=0.9; 95% CI, 0.44-1.37; P<0.001 and coefficient=0.71; 95% CI, 0.12-1.31; P=0.02, respectively) compared with IT morphine alone. No serious adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions:
The addition of ultra–low-dose IT naloxone to IT morphine provides excellent postoperative pain management and effectively controls pruritus and nausea in patients undergoing laminectomy with spinal fusion.
When crust comes of age: on the chemical evolution of Archaean, felsic continental crust by crustal drip tectonics
Authors: Nebel O. , Capitanio F. A. , Moyen J.-F. , Weinberg R. F. , Clos F. , Nebel-Jacobsen Y. J. , Cawood P. A. 
Published: October 2018

The secular evolution of the Earth's crust is marked by a profound change in average crustal chemistry between 3.2 and 2.5 Ga. A key marker for this change is the transition from Archaean sodic granitoid intrusions of the tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series to potassic (K) granitic suites, akin (but not identical) to I-type granites that today are associated with subduction zones. It remains poorly constrained as to how and why this change was initiated and if it holds clues about the geodynamic transition from a pre-plate tectonic mode, often referred to as stagnant lid, to mobile plate tectonics. Here, we combine a series of proposed mechanisms for Archaean crustal geodynamics in a single model to explain the observed change in granitoid chemistry. Numeric modelling indicates that upper mantle convection drives crustal flow and subsidence, leading to profound diversity in lithospheric thickness with thin versus thick proto-plates. When convecting asthenospheric mantle interacts with lower lithosphere, scattered crustal drips are created. Under increasing P-T conditions, partial melting of hydrated meta-basalt within these drips produces felsic melts that intrude the overlying crust to form TTG. Dome structures, in which these melts can be preserved, are a positive diapiric expression of these negative drips. Transitional TTG with elevated K mark a second evolutionary stage, and are blends of subsided and remelted older TTG forming K-rich melts and new TTG melts. Ascending TTG-derived melts from asymmetric drips interact with the asthenospheric mantle to form hot, high-Mg sanukitoid. These melts are small in volume, predominantly underplated, and their heat triggered melting of lower crustal successions to form higher-K granites. Importantly, this evolution operates as a disseminated process in space and time over hundreds of millions of years (greater than 200 Ma) in all cratons. This focused ageing of the crust implies that compiled geochemical data can only broadly reflect geodynamic changes on a global or even craton-wide scale. The observed change in crustal chemistry does mark the lead up to but not the initiation of modern-style subduction.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Earth dynamics and the development of plate tectonics’.
Magma oceans as a critical stage in the tectonic development of rocky planets
Authors: Schaefer Laura , Elkins-Tanton Linda T. 
Published: October 2018

Magma oceans are a common result of the high degree of heating that occurs during planet formation. It is thought that almost all of the large rocky bodies in the Solar System went through at least one magma ocean phase. In this paper, we review some of the ways in which magma ocean models for the Earth, Moon and Mars match present-day observations of mantle reservoirs, internal structure and primordial crusts, and then we present new calculations for the oxidation state of the mantle produced during the magma ocean phase. The crystallization of magma oceans probably leads to a massive mantle overturn that may set up a stably stratified mantle. This may lead to significant delays or total prevention of plate tectonics on some planets. We review recent models that may help alleviate the mantle stability issue and lead to earlier onset of plate tectonics.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Earth dynamics and the development of plate tectonics’.
Industrial bees: when agricultural intensification doesn’t impact local disease prevalence
Authors: Bartlett Lewis J. , Rozins Carly , Brosi Berry J. , Delaplane Keith S. , de Roode Jacobus C. , White Andrew , Wilfert Lena , Boots Michael 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAlthough it is generally thought that the intensification of farming will result in higher disease prevalences there is little specific modelling testing this idea. We build multi-colony models to inform how ‘apicultural intensification’ is predicted to impact honeybee pathogen epidemiology at the apiary scale.Counter to the prevailing view, our models predict that intensification, captured though increased population sizes, changes in population network structure, and increased between-colony transmission, is likely to have little effect on disease prevalence within an apiary.The greatest impacts of intensification are found for diseases with relatively low R0 (basic reproduction number), however, such diseases cause little overall disease prevalence and therefore the impacts of intensification are minor. Furthermore, the smallest impacts of intensification are found for diseases with high R0 values, which we argue are typical of important honeybee diseases.Policy Implications: Our findings highlight a lack of support for the hypothesis that current and ongoing intensification leads to notably higher disease prevalences. More broadly, our work demonstrates the need for informative models of agricultural systems and management practices in order to understand the implications of management changes on diseases.
CRISPR Artificial Splicing Factors
Authors: Jillette Nathaniel , Cheng Albert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report here the engineering of CRISPR Artificial Splicing Factors (CASFx) based on an RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas system. We showed that simultaneous exon inclusion and exclusion can be induced at distinct targets by differential positioning of CASFx. We also created inducible CASFx (iCASFx) using the FKBP-FRB chemical-inducible dimerization domain, allowing small molecule control of alternative splicing.
Conservation of the structural and functional architecture of encapsulated ferritins in bacteria and archaea
Authors: He Didi , Piergentili Cecilia , Ross Jennifer , Tarrant Emma , Tuck Laura R. , Mackay C. Logan , McIver Zak , Waldron Kevin J. , Marles-Wright Jon , Clarke David J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIron is an essential element for many biological processes; however, due to its high reactivity iron can also be very toxic, producing reactive oxygen species through Fenton chemistry. Ferritins protect the cell from oxidative stress by catalytically converting Fe(II) into less toxic Fe(III) and storing the resulting iron minerals within their core. Encapsulated ferritins (EncFtn) are a sub-family of ferritin-like proteins, which are widely distributed in all bacterial and archaeal phyla. We recently characterised theRhodospirillum rubrumEncFtn, showing that although enzymatically active, due to its open structure it requires the association with an encapsulin nanocage in order to act as an iron store. Given the wide distribution of the EncFtn family in organisms with diverse environmental niches, a question arises as to whether the structure and catalytic activity is conserved across the family. Here we structurally characterise two EncFtn members from the halophileHaliangium ochraceumand the thermophilePyrococcus furiosus, which show the same distinct annular decamer topology observed inR. rubrumEncFtn, with the ferroxidase centre (FOC) formed between one of the dimer interfaces. Solution and native mass spectrometr analyses show that the stability of the protein quaternary structure differs between EncFtn proteins from different species. The catalytic role of the EncFtn proteins was confirmed by biochemical assays, and we show that Zn(II) ions inhibit the ferroxidase activity of the EncFtn proteins to varying degrees. Our results represent a further step in the characterisation of the recently discovered EncFtn ferritin-like sub-family, indicating a common structural organisation and catalytic activity, despite diverse host environments.
Targeting mitochondria in cancer therapy could provide a basis for the selective anti-cancer activity
Authors: Rozanov Dmitri , Cheltsov Anton , Nilsen Aaron , Boniface Christopher , Korkola James , Gray Joe , Tyner Jeffrey , Tognon Cristina E. , Mills Gordon B. , Spellman Paul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo determine the target of the recently identified lead compound NSC130362 that is responsible for its selective anti-cancer efficacy and safety in normal cells, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted. First, NSC13062 was validated as a starting compound for the described SAR studies in a variety of cell-based viability assays. Then, a small library of 1,4-naphthoquinines (1,4-NQs) and quinoline-5,8-diones was tested in cell viability assays using pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells and normal human hepatocytes. The obtained data allowed us to select a set of both non-toxic compounds that preferentially induced apoptosis in cancer cells and toxic compounds that induced apoptosis in both cancer and normal cells. Anti-cancer activity of the selected non-toxic compounds was confirmed in viability assays using breast cancer HCC1187 cells. Consequently, the two sets of compounds were tested in multiple cell-based andin vitroactivity assays to identify key factors responsible for the observed activity. Inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC) is a key distinguishing activity between the non-toxic and toxic compounds. Finally, we developed a mathematical model that was able to distinguish these two sets of compounds. The development of this model supports our conclusion that appropriate quantitative SAR (QSAR) models have the potential to be employed to develop anticancer compounds with improved potency while maintaining non-toxicity to normal cells.
Host-parasite interaction explains variation in prevalence of avian haemosporidians at the community level
Authors: Garcia-Longoria L. , Marzal A. , de Lope F. , Garamszegi L. Z. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTParasites are a selective force that shape host community structure and dynamics, but host communities can also influence parasitism. Understanding the dual nature from host-parasite interactions can be facilitated by quantifying the variation in parasite prevalence (i.e. the proportion of infected host individuals in a population) among host species and then comparing that variation to other ecological factors that are known to also shape host communities. Avian haemosporidian parasites (e.g.PlasmodiumandHaemoproteus) are abundant and widespread representing an excellent model for the study of host-parasite interactions. Several geographic and environmental factors have been suggested to determine prevalence of avian haemosporidians in bird communities. However, much remains to be known regarding whether host and parasite traits, represented by phylogenetic distances among species and degree of specialization in host-parasite relationships, can influence parasite prevalence. The aims of this study were to analyze factors affecting prevalence in a bird community and to test whether the degree of parasite specialization on their hosts is determined by host traits. Our statistical analyses suggest that prevalence is mainly determined by the interaction between host species and parasite lineages where tolerance and/or susceptibility to parasites plays an essential role. Additionally, we found that although some of the parasite lineages infected a low number of bird species, the species they infected were distantly related and therefore the parasites themselves should not be considered typical host specialists. Prevalence was higher for generalist than for specialist parasites in some, but not all, host species. These results suggest that prevalence mainly results from the interaction between host immune defences and parasite exploitation strategies wherein the result of an association between particular parasite lineages and particular host species is idiosyncratic.
Stage-Dependent Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Cranial Neural Crest Cells Derived from Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Odashima Ayano , Onodera Shoko , Saito Akiko , Nakamura Takashi , Ogihara Yuuki , Ichinohe Tatsuya , Azuma Toshifumi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCranial neural crest cells (cNCCs) comprise a multipotent population of cells that migrate into the pharyngeal arches of the vertebrate embryo and differentiate into a broad range of derivatives of the craniofacial organs. Consequently, migrating cNCCs are considered as one of the most attractive candidate sources of cells for regenerative medicine. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of cNCCs at different time points after induction by conducting three independent RNA sequencing experiments. We successfully induced cNCC formation from mouse induced pluripotent stem (miPS) cells by culturing them in neural crest inducing media for 14 days. We found that these cNCCs expressed several neural crest specifier genes but were lacking some previously reported specifiers, such as paired box 3 (Pax3), msh homeobox 1 (Msx1), and Forkhead box D3 (FoxD3), which are presumed to be essential for neural crest development in the embryo. Thus, a distinct molecular network may the control gene expression in miPS-derived cNCCs. We also found thatc-Myc, ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor (Ets1), and sex determining region Y-box 10 (Sox10) were only detected at 14 days after induction. Therefore, we assume that these genes would be useful markers for migratory cNCCs induced from miPS cells. Eventually, these cNCCs comprised a broad spectrum of protocadherin (Pcdh) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (Adamts) family proteins, which may be crucial in their migration.
Experimental co-transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and the macaque homologs of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Authors: Bruce A. Gregory , Barcy Serge , Staheli Jeannette , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle , Ikoma Minako , Howard Kellie , Rose Timothy M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMacaque RFHV and LCV are close homologs of human KSHV and EBV, respectively. No experimental model of RFHV has been developed due to the lack of a source of culturable infectious virus. Screening of macaques at the Washington National Primate Research Center detected RFHV in saliva of SIV-infected macaques from previous vaccine studies. A pilot experimental infection of two naïve juvenile pig-tailed macaques was initiated by inoculation of saliva from SIV-infected pig-tailed and cynomolgus macaque donors, which contained high levels of DNA of the respective species-specific RFHV strain. Both juvenile recipients developed SIV and RFHV infections with RFHV DNA detected transiently in saliva and/or PBMC around week 16 post-infection. One juvenile macaque was infected with the homologous RFHVMn from whole saliva of a pig-tailed donor, which had been inoculated into the cheek pouch. This animal became immunosuppressed, developing simian AIDS and was euthanized 23 weeks after inoculation. The levels of RFHV DNA in saliva and PBMC remained below the level of detection after week 17, showing no reactivation of the RFHVMn infection during the rapid development of AIDS. The other juvenile macaque was infected with the heterologous RFHVMf from i.v. inoculation of purified virions from saliva of a cynomolgus donor. The juvenile recipient remained immunocompetent, developing high levels of persistent anti-RFHV and -SIV antibodies. After the initial presence of RFHVMf DNA in saliva and PBMC decreased to undetectable levels by week 19, all attempts to reactivate the infection through additional inoculations, experimental infection with purified SRV-2 or SIV, or immunosuppressive treatments with cyclosporine or dexamethasone were unsuccessful. An heterologous LCV transmission was also detected in this recipient, characterized by continual high levels of LCVMf DNA from the cynomolgus donor in both saliva and PBMC, coupled with high levels of anti-LCV antibodies. The macaque was sacrificed 209 weeks after the initial inoculation. Low levels of LCVMf DNA were detected in salivary glands, tonsils and other lymphoid organs, while RFHVMf DNA was below the level of detection. These results show successful co-transmission of RFHV and LCV from saliva and demonstrate differential lytic activation of the different gammaherpesvirus lineages due to presumed differences in biology and tropism and control by the host immune system. Although this initial pilot transmission study utilized only two macaques, it provides the first evidence for experimental transmission of the macaque homolog of KSHV, setting the stage for larger transmission studies to examine the differential activation of rhadinovirus and lymphocryptovirus infections and the pathological effects of immunosuppression.
Preliminary evidence that maternal immune activation specifically increases diagonal domain volume in the rat brain during early postnatal development
Authors: Wood Tobias C. , Edye Michelle E. , Harte Michael K. , Neill Joanna C. , Prinssen Eric P. , Vernon Anthony C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaternal immune activation (MIA) is consistently associated with elevated risk for multiple psychiatric disorders in the affected offspring. Related to this, an important goal of our work is to explore the impact of MIA effects across the lifespan. In this context, we recently reported the effects of poly (I:C)-induced MIA at gestational day (GD)15, immediately prior to birth, at GD21 and again at post-natal day (PD)21, providing a systematic assessment of plasma IL-6, body temperature and weight alterations in pregnant rats following poly (I:C) exposure and preliminary evidence for gross morphological changes and microglial neuropathology in both male and female offspring at GD21 and PD21. Here, we sought to complement and extend these data by characterising in more detail the meso-scale impact of gestational poly (I:C) exposure at GD15 on the neuroanatomy of the juvenile (PD21) rat brain using high-resolution, ex vivo anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in combination with atlas-based segmentation. Our preliminary data suggest subtle neuroanatomical effects of gestational poly (I:C) exposure (n=10) relative to saline controls (n=10) at this time-point. Specifically, we report here preliminary evidence for a significant increase in the relative volume of the diagonal domain in poly (I:C) offspring (p<0.01; q<0.1), particularly in female offspring. This occurred in the absence of any microstructural alterations as detectable using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Longitudinal in vivo studies, informed by the effect sizes from this dataset are now required to establish both the functional relevance and cellular mechanisms of the apparent DD volume increase.
A bibliometric analysis of literature on engineering research among BRIC countries
Authors: Elango Bakthavachalam 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to make a quantitative analysis and compare the scientific productivity in the area of engineering among the BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from SCImago. Various parameters such as number of articles and citable articles, world share and rank, citations per paper and h-index, and international collaboration were analyzed.

Findings
There was a fluctuation trend in the pattern of international collaboration among the BRIC countries during the period. Among the top countries, China ranked first in the world in terms of number of articles in the field of engineering research, whereas India was at the 8th rank, Russia was at the 12th rank and Brazil was at the 18th rank. Among the BRIC countries, Russia slipped three positions from being at the 7th rank in 1996 to being at the 10th rank in 2016, while others improved their ranks.

Originality/value
The results of this study reveal publication trends and collaboration pattern of BRIC countries in the field of engineering which may be useful for the academic fraternity and decision makers.
Work-related groups and information security policy compliance
Authors: Sommestad Teodor 
Published: October 2018

PurposeIt is widely acknowledged that norms and culture influence decisions related to information security. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how work-related groups influence information security policy compliance intentions and to what extent this influence is captured by the Theory of Planned Behavior, an established model over individual decision-making.Design/methodology/approachA multilevel model is used to test the influence of work-related groups using a cluster sample of responses from 2,291 employees from 203 worksites, 119 organizations, 6 industries and 38 professions.FindingsThe results suggest that work-related groups influence individuals’ decision-making in the manner in which contemporary theories of information security culture posit. However, the influence is weak to modest and overshadowed by individual perceptions that are straightforward to measure.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited to one national culture and four types of work-related groups. However, the results suggest that the Theory of Planned Behavior captures most of the influence that work-related groups have on decision-making. Future research on security culture and similar phenomena should take this into account.Practical implicationsInformation security perceptions in work-related groups are diverse and information security decisions appear to be based on individual perceptions and priorities rather than groupthink or peer-pressure. Security management interventions may be more effective if they target individuals rather than groups.Originality/valueThis paper tests some of the basic ideas related to information security culture and its influence on individuals’ decision-making.