bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The so-called ‚Itinerary Stade‘ and the Accuracy of Eratosthenes' Measurement of the Earth
Authors: Shcheglov Dmitry A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a new argument against the widely accepted view that Eratosthenes and some other Greek authors of the pre-Roman period measured distances in special stades that were much shorter than the ‚common‘ stade of 185 m attested by the majority of sources.
A Study on the Monumental Center of Ancient Alexandria: The Identification of the Ptolemaic Mouseion and the Urban Transformation in Late Antiquity
Authors: Mavrojannis Theodoros 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Among the whole burden of the written sources dealing with the urban appearance of Ptolemaic and Roman Alexandria, five or six ancient authors give us precious information which could finally offer a lead to the reconstruction of the monumental center of Alexandria: 1) Strabo, 2) Diodorus, 3) Zenobius, 4) Achilles Tatius, 5) Pseudo-Libanius and 6) Pseudo-Callisthenes. Nowadays, the written testimonia concerning the historical topography of Alexandria are severely withstanding to a hypercritical treatment, to a disapproval instead of a reappraisal.
Tkazcow 2013, 687: The reconstruction of the topography of the city in the Ptolemaic and Early Roman Periods was, for a long time, based exclusively on Strabo's description (sometimes supplemented with information provided by Diodorus, Polybius and Caesar); the critic is moved against Adriani 1966 and Fraser 1972, 13–34; McKenzie 2007.
Yet, there is no other way to solve the puzzle of the monumental center of Ptolemaic Alexandria, but to explain the thinking behind what the ancient authors, principally Strabo, may have seen in Alexandria as eyewitnesses.
The existence of solutions to certain type of nonlinear difference-differential equations
Authors: Lü Weiran , Wu Linlin , Wang Dandan , Yang Chungchun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper we study the entire solutions to a certain type of difference-differential equations. We also give an affirmative answer to the conjecture of Zhang et al. In addition, our results improve and complement earlier ones due to Yang-Laine, Latreuch, Liu-Lü et al. and references therein.
Rethinking Milton Singer’s semiotic anthropology: A reconnaissance
Authors: Boroch Robert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe article discusses the possibility of using the cognitive tools of semiotics (theory of signs) for theoretical considerations of social structures from the anthropological perspective. In the literature on the subject, this approach is defined as semiotic anthropology, a term coined by Milton Singer. The article emphasizes the possibilities, untapped within Singer’s work, of further epistemological research within the scope of the “cultural theory of signs” and reduction of the paradigms of research on culture from philosophical and philological as well as anthropological and ethnographic paradigms to a semiotic paradigm, enabling the analysis of meanings of cultural messages (as broadly understood), from architecture and painting and even eating habits (e.g., cooking) to systems of values and literature. In this sense, semiotic anthropology represents the position of “mild holism” and becomes a tool supporting the exploration of culture.
Effects of Shiranuhi flower extracts and fractions on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 cells
Authors: Hyun Chang-Gu , Kim Min-Jin , Kim Sang Suk , Ko Ji Hye , Moon Young Il , Park Kyung-Jin , An Hyun Joo , Choi Young Hun , Lee Nam Ho 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective
In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of Shiranuhi flower in RAW 264.7 cells.

Methods
The effects of the extracts and solvent fractions on cell viability and LPS-induced inflammatory responses were investigated in RAW 264.7 cells.

Results
The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction (HEF) significantly decreased NO production in RAW 264.7 cells; however, cell viability was not affected. In addition, ELISA assay revealed that HEF significantly inhibited the productions of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6. As well, using Western blot analysis, it was observed that HEF significantly reduced the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, we detected a reduced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases such as p38, JNK, and ERK1/2. This indicates that HEF regulates LPS-induced inflammatory responses, at least in part, via suppressing the MAPK signaling pathway. Correlation analysis also showed that anti-inflammatory activities were highly correlated to antioxidant activities in this study. Characterization of the Shiranuhi flowers for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of narirutin and hesperidin.

Conclusion
Overall, the results demonstrate that HEF may be a potential anti-inflammatory agent. In addition, our findings contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of Shiranuhi flower.
Inferring Continuous and Discrete Population Genetic Structure Across Space
Authors: Bradburd Gideon S , Coop Graham M , Ralph Peter L 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn important step in the analysis of genetic data is to describe and categorize natural variation. Individuals that live close together are, on average, more genetically similar than individuals sampled farther apart...A classic problem in population genetics is the characterization of discrete population structure in the presence of continuous patterns of genetic differentiation. Especially when sampling is discontinuous, the use of clustering or assignment methods may incorrectly ascribe differentiation due to continuous processes (e.g., geographic isolation by distance) to discrete processes, such as geographic, ecological, or reproductive barriers between populations. This reflects a shortcoming of current methods for inferring and visualizing population structure when applied to genetic data deriving from geographically distributed populations. Here, we present a statistical framework for the simultaneous inference of continuous and discrete patterns of population structure. The method estimates ancestry proportions for each sample from a set of two-dimensional population layers, and, within each layer, estimates a rate at which relatedness decays with distance. This thereby explicitly addresses the “clines versus clusters” problem in modeling population genetic variation, and remedies some of the overfitting to which nonspatial models are prone. The method produces useful descriptions of structure in genetic relatedness in situations where separated, geographically distributed populations interact, as after a range expansion or secondary contact. We demonstrate the utility of this approach using simulations and by applying it to empirical datasets of poplars and black bears in North America.
Academic Women: Lived Experiences in Contexts of Inequality
Authors: Sancho-Gil Juana M. , Hernández - Hernández Fernando 
Published: July 2018

[full article in English]
This article builds on the results of a research project into the professional experience of seven academic women in universities and research centers in Catalonia, Spain. The aim of the Project was to explore the personal and professional experience of three generations of women in the process constituting their identity as university teachers, researchers and managers. The writing of their professional life histories has enabled us to investigate how they, as women, have become the types of higher education teachers, researchers and managers that they were becoming, and we wished to delve into the relationship between their personal experiences and the development of their professional careers. In this process, we have revealed the strategies of adaptation, resistance and creation developed by women, the forms of symbolic violence that they experience and the changes through which their careers have passed within the context of an institution that is still continuously revealed by different studies to be deeply discriminating and unequal for women.
The Power of Verification for Greedy Mechanism Design
Authors: Fotakis Dimitris , Krysta Piotr , Ventre Carmine 
Published: July 2018

Greedy algorithms are known to provide, in polynomial time, near optimal approximation guarantees for Combinatorial Auctions (CAs) with multidimensional bidders. It is known that truthful greedy-like mechanisms for CAs with multi-minded bidders do not achieve good approximation guarantees.
In this work, we seek a deeper understanding of greedy mechanism design and investigate under which general assumptions, we can have efficient and truthful greedy mechanisms for CAs. Towards this goal, we use the framework of priority algorithms and weak and strong verification, where the bidders are not allowed to overbid on their winning set or on any subset of this set, respectively. We provide a complete characterization of the power of weak verification showing that it is sufficient and necessary for any greedy fixed priority algorithm to become truthful with the use of money or not, depending on the ordering of the bids. Moreover, we show that strong verification is sufficient and necessary to obtain a 2-approximate truthful mechanism with money, based on a known greedy algorithm, for the problem of submodular CAs in finite bidding domains. Our proof is based on an interesting structural analysis of the strongly connected components of the declaration graph.
Adatok a Keszthelyi-hegység nőszőfűfajainak (Epipactis spp.) ismeretéhez
Authors: Pacsai Bálint 
Published: July 2018

Jelen közleményben a Keszthelyi-hegységben 2014–2017 években tett terepbejárásaim során észlelt nőszőfű-előfordulásokat foglalom össze. A területről tíz nőszőfűfaj rendelkezett irodalmi vagy herbáriumi adatokkal, ezek előfordulását sikerült megerősíteni (Epipactis atrorubens, E. helleborine, E. leptochila, E. microphylla, E. moravica, E. muelleri, E. palustris, E. purpurata, E. nordeniorum, E. voethii) és a hegységre nézve további öt, eddig publikációban nem jelzett faj (Epipactis albensis, E. neglecta, E. peitzii, E. pontica, E. tallosii), illetve egy hibrid (Epipactis ×reinekei) került elő.
STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN NOVOSIBIRSK
Authors: Kruchinina M. V. , Kruchinin V. N. , Prudnikova Ya. I. , Gromov A. A. , Shashkov M. V. , Sokolova A. S. 
Published: July 2018

The objectiveis to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods.The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results.Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p <0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p <0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.
HEMŞİRE VE STAJYER HEMŞİRELERDE EN FAZLA STRES YARATAN OLAYLARIN NİTEL ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Mert İbrahim Sani 
Published: July 2018

Amaç: Günümüzde iş stresi denince hemen hemen her
meslek grubu akla gelse de, kuşkusuz hemşirelerdeki iş stresi yapılan görevin
ehemmiyeti itibariyle daha ön plana çıkarak, daha çok araştırmaya konu olmuştur.
Yapılan bu araştırmada, hemşire ve stajyer hemşirelerin yaşadıkları en stresli
olaylar tespit edilerek bu olayların iş stresi kapsamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem:
49 hemşire ve 45 stajyer hemşire olmak üzere toplam 94 katılımcının yer aldığı
çalışmada yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ile katılımcıların geçmişte yaşadıkları
ve en çok stres hissettikleri bir olayı anlatmaları ve bu olaya ilişkin bazı
soruları cevaplamaları istenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi
tutularak hemşire ve stajyer hemşirelerde en çok stres yaratan olaylar; olay
türü, strese girme nedeni, hissedilen baskın duygu ve strese neden olan faktör açısından
incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgura göre, hemşirelerdeki en büyük stres
kaynaklarının sırasıyla; deneyimsizlik, hasta yakını ile olan ilişkiler ve
dikkatsizlik olarak tespit edilirken stajyer hemşirelerde ise önemli bir oranda
tecrübesizlikten kaynaklanan stresin hakim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca,
stajyer hemşirelerin hemşirelere kıyasla hastaya zarar vermeden nispeten daha
fazla strese girdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç:
Hemşirelerde iş stresine neden olayların kritik olaylar baz alınarak nitel
araştırma yöntemi ile tespit edilmesinin daha sağlıklı bulguların elde
edilmesine neden olacağı değerlendirilmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, konu ile
ilgili bundan sonra yapılacak akademik çalışmalara ve sağlık sektöründeki
yöneticilere öneriler de dikkate alınarak yorumlanmıştır.
The condition of mammary glands in women with diabetes mellitus type 1
Authors: Musina Ekaterina V. , Kogan Igor Yu. , Borovik Natalia V. 
Published: July 2018

Background. The pathogenesis of diabetic mastopathy is unknown. It is assumed that one of the important factors in the development of this disease may be hyperglycemia.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations and echographic features of the mammary gland structure in women with diabetes mellitus type 1.
Materials and methods. The three groups of women were examined: group 1: women with type 1 diabetes, with the onset of the disease before menarche (n = 58); group 2: women with type 1 diabetes, with the onset of the disease after menarche (n = 56); group 3: women with fibrocystic mastopathy, without diabetes mellitus type 1 (n = 79). Mastalgia was evaluated using the visual analogue scale. The ultrasound examination of mammary glands was performed on day 5 to 7 of the menstrual cycle.
Results. The patients of all groups complained of mastalgia. Mammary gland ultrasound revealed that the thickness of the glandular tissue in patients of the first group was significantly less than in the second and third group. The diameter of the milk ducts was also significantly different in patients in each study group. In the group of patients with fibrocystic mastopathy without diabetes mellitus type 1, the tissue echogenicity is average in 41.8% of subjects, with it elevated in 58.2% of individuals. Moreover, in groups of patients with diabetes, 90% of subjects have increased echogenicity of breast tissue.
Conclusion. Diabetic mastopathy is characterized by a fibrotic echo version of the organ parenchyma, which can be caused by a violation of the mammary gland formation and function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1.
Molecular-genetic background of endometriosis: diagnostic potential of heritable and expressed factors
Authors: Marzhevskay Veronika V. , Prisyazhnaya Tatiana S. , Zhamoydik Valeria I. , Berlev Igor V. , Malek Anastasia V. 
Published: July 2018

Endometriosis (EM) is a common disease in women of reproductive and perimenopausal age, characterized by the formation of ectopic foci of endometrial proliferation. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and has not been fully studied. Non-invasive examination methods have relative diagnostic value; therefore, current therapeutic approaches frequently do not provide a complete recovery. This situation determines the interest in studying the molecular and genetic background of EM and in searching for new diagnostic and prognostic markers.
In this review, we briefly discuss the prevailing theories of EM etiology, taking into consideration modern scientific concepts. A separate chapter highlights the data of the genome-wide associative studies (GWAS) that indicate the possibilities of involving a number of genes in the pathogenesis of EM (WNT4, CDKN2BAS, FN1). The main part of the review is focused on the analysis of the gene expression studies comparing the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of women with EM. Considering the clinical significance, the results of three studies comparing expression profile of the eutopic endometrium of healthy women versus patients with EM are presented in detail. In conclusion, the prospects of the development and clinical application of heritable and expressed EM markers are assessed.
MULTIKULTURALISME DALAM PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Puspita Widya Ayu 
Published: July 2018

In the pluralistic society, the insight of multiculturalism is essential in creating peaceful life of the society. This article discusses how education plays in building mutlicultural character among the society members. If the children learn and understand multiculturalism at their early age, they will be tolerant of the differences. Having reviewing the existing literature critically, this article concludes that the institution of early childhood education has a strategic role in multicultural education. The early childhood education institution should design and develop multicultural learning environment in growing their appriciation of multiculturalism. The teachers are encouraged to work together with the parents, society members, and nongoverment organizations to meet the multicultural needs of the children.
Spatial Methods to Enhance Public Health Surveillance and Resource Deployment in the Opioid Epidemic
Authors: Dodson Zan M. , Enki Yoo Eun-Hye , Martin-Gill Christian , Roth Ronald 
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To improve public health surveillance and response by using spatial optimization. Methods. We identified cases of suspected nonfatal opioid overdose events in which naloxone was administered from April 2013 through December 2016 treated by the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Bureau of Emergency Medical Services. We used spatial modeling to identify areas hardest hit to spatially optimize naloxone distribution among pharmacies in Pittsburgh. Results. We identified 3182 opioid overdose events with our classification approach, which generated spatial patterns of opioid overdoses within Pittsburgh. We then used overdose location to spatially optimize accessibility to naloxone via pharmacies in the city. Only 24 pharmacies offered naloxone at the time, and only 3 matched with our optimized solution. Conclusions. Our methodology rapidly identified communities hardest hit by the opioid epidemic with standard public health data. Naloxone accessibility can be optimized with established location–allocation approaches. Public Health Implications. Our methodology can be easily implemented by public health departments for automated surveillance of the opioid epidemic and has the flexibility to optimize a variety of intervention strategies.
Opioid Prescribing Rates by Congressional Districts, United States, 2016
Authors: Rolheiser Lyndsey A. , Cordes Jack , Subramanian S.V. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To determine the extent to which opioid prescribing rates vary across US congressional districts. Methods. In an observational cross-sectional framework using secondary data, we constructed 2016 congressional district–level opioid prescribing rate estimates using a population-weighted methodology. Results. High prescribing rate districts were concentrated in the South, Appalachia, and the rural West. Low-rate districts were concentrated in urban centers. Conclusions. In the midst of an opioid overdose crisis, we identified congressional districts of particular concern for opioid prescription saturation. Public Health Implications. The congressional district geography represents a policy-relevant boundary and a politically important level at which to monitor the crisis and determine program funding. Furthermore, in the context of the opioid crisis, knowing how congressional districts rank across the country and in states is useful in the creation of policies targeted to areas in need.
Employment Trends Among Public Health Doctoral Recipients, 2003–2015
Authors: Brown-Podgorski Brittany L. , Holmes Ann M. , Golembiewski Elizabeth H. , Jackson Joanna R. , Menachemi Nir 
Published: July 2018

Objectives. To examine postgraduation employment trends among graduates of doctoral programs in public health from 2003 to 2015. Methods. We analyzed pooled cross-sectional data from a census of graduates receiving a research doctorate from US accredited institutions. The outcome of interest was employment status. Covariates included public health discipline, sociodemographic characteristics, and institutional attributes. Results. Of 11 771 graduates, nearly two thirds secured employment in either academic (34.8%) or nonacademic (31.4%) settings at the time of graduation. The proportion of those still seeking employment increased over time. Individuals who were White, younger, trained in either biostatistics or epidemiology, or from an institution with the highest level of research intensity were significantly more likely to secure employment. Academic employment was the most common setting for all 5 public health disciplines, but we observed differences in employment patterns (e.g., government, nonprofit, for-profit) across disciplines. Conclusions. Certain characteristics among public health doctoral recipients are correlated with postgraduation employment. More research is needed, but the observed increase in individuals still seeking employment may be attributable to increases in general public health graduates from for-profit institutions.