bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world safety and effectiveness of mepolizumab for patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan: Long-term observation of the MARS study
Authors: Ishii Tomonori , Kunishige Hideaki , Kobayashi Tamami , Hayashi Etsuko , Komatsubara Masaki , Alfonso-Cristancho Rafael , Tamaoki Jun , Howarth Peter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To provide long-term, real-world safety and effectiveness data for mepolizumab treatment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis in Japan.

Methods
MARS (NCT04551989) was a real-world, observational study of patients who had previously completed the PMS study [NCT03557060; ≥96 weeks of mepolizumab treatment before study entry (baseline)] and continued receiving four-weekly mepolizumab 300 mg subcutaneously for a further 96 weeks. Safety outcomes were assessed from baseline to Week 96 (observation period); clinical outcomes were assessed pre-mepolizumab initiation (retrospective period) and during the observation period.

Results
Of 118 patients enrolled in the study, 58% (69/118) experienced adverse events and 22% (26/118) experienced serious adverse events over the observation period; none were mepolizumab-related. Over the study (pre-mepolizumab period, baseline, and end of observation period), the proportion of patients with no clinical symptoms increased (from 6% to 27% to 32%, respectively), median oral glucocorticoid dose decreased (from 6.9 to 3.0 to 2.0 mg/day, respectively), and the proportion of oral glucocorticoid-free patients increased (from 8% to 31% to 36%, respectively).

Conclusions
Long-term MARS study data are consistent with the known safety profile of mepolizumab. Over 192 weeks (pre-mepolizumab observation), mepolizumab was well tolerated, with improvements in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis disease control and reductions in oral glucocorticoid use.
The Context of the Emergency Department as a Location for a Smoking Cessation Intervention—Process Evaluation Findings From the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department Trial
Authors: Notley Caitlin , Belderson Pippa , Ward Emma , Clark Lucy V , Clark Allan , Stirling Susan , Parrott Steve , Li Jinshuo , Coats Timothy J , Bauld Linda , Holland Richard , Gentry Sarah , Agrawal Sanjay , Bloom Benjamin M , Boyle Adrian , Gray Alasdair , Morris M Geraint , Pope Ian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Hospital emergency departments (ED) offer an opportunity to engage with large numbers of people who smoke to prompt cessation, although the acceptability of opportunistic intervention in this context has been questioned. This process evaluation study was embedded into the Cessation of Smoking Trial in the Emergency Department (COSTED) randomized controlled trial and sought to explore the context of intervention delivery within the ED.

Aims and Methods
Qualitative interviews were conducted with participants and staff across six EDs participating in the COSTED randomized controlled trial. Interview data were thematically analyzed specifically exploring contextual influences. Data were triangulated with ethnographic observations.

Results
In participant interviews (N = 34), it was acceptable overall to receive a brief opportunistic smoking cessation intervention in the ED. Contextual factors are impacted at a range of levels. At the micro level participant views and experiences combined with staff tailoring were important. Being given an e-cigarette starter kit by a “credible source” helped to legitimize vaping for smoking cessation and gave confidence in personal ability to switch away from tobacco. At the meso level, adaptations to intervention delivery were made in response to the context of the ED. Stop smoking advisors (N = 11) had to adapt and deliver the intervention flexibly depending on space and clinical need. At the macro level, hospital policies supportive of vaping legitimized the approach.

Conclusions
Smoking cessation outcomes reported in the main trial across sites were very similar because of the high credibility, acceptability, and flexible approach to delivering the COSTED intervention in the ED.

Implications
Attending a hospital ED is the right time and place to receive smoking cessation intervention, even for those not motivated to quit. People are willing to receive intervention, and clinical staff are willing to support intervention delivery. Despite challenges, overall the context is helpful in supporting people to switch away from tobacco. The intervention, with flexible and tailored implementation, is adaptable to different ED contexts. This suggests that wider implementation across NHS Trusts of the effective COSTED intervention is feasible and will ultimately support smoking cessation for people attending EDs, who may not otherwise have sought support.
Do Patients With Candidemia Need an Ophthalmologic Examination?
Authors: Lehman Alice , Tessier Katelyn M , Sattarova Victoria , Montezuma Sandra Rocio , Kline Susan , Erayil Serin Edwin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The Infectious Diseases Society of America recommends a screening dilated retinal examination by an ophthalmologist for all patients with candidemia. Conversely, the American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends against routine screening in patients with candidemia without symptoms.

Methods
In a collaborative effort between infectious diseases and ophthalmology, we examined the incidence of ocular complications in 308 patients with candidemia and subsequently measured the rate of fundoscopic examinations, risk factors for ocular complications, management changes, and outcomes.

Results
Among those who received fundoscopic exams, findings suspicious for ocular candidiasis were found in 12 patients (8%, 12/148). After independent review by ophthalmology and infectious diseases, 3 patients were found to have alternate pathologies that explained their ocular findings. Nine patients (6%, 9/148) were adjudicated as having presumed Candida chorioretinitis. Of these 9 patients, 4 (44%) were asymptomatic, and 2 (22%) were unable to declare symptoms. No patients were definitively determined to have Candida endophthalmitis. Ocular candidiasis was not found to have a statistically significant association with symptoms or comorbidities. Ocular candidiasis was more likely to be found at ophthalmology exams &gt;7 days from first positive Candida blood culture. The number needed to screen to detect presumed Candida chorioretinitis among asymptomatic patients was 20.

Conclusions
Based on the available evidence and high risk of morbidity of eye involvement, continued ophthalmological screens seem prudent, but a definitive consensus was found to be challenging given a lack of outcome data. Additional investigations are warranted. Ophthalmology screenings have a higher sensitivity at &gt;7 days from positive blood culture.
Environmental DNA reveals a presence of Anser fabalis (Bean Goose) and an absence of Anser erythropus (Lesser White-fronted Goose) in Finnish Northern Lapland
Authors: Honka Johanna , Kvist Laura , Øien Ingar J , Aarvak Tomas , Siivonen Stefan , Aspi Jouni 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Detecting rare and elusive species from vast wilderness areas poses significant challenges. The Fennoscandian population of Anser erythropus (Lesser White-fronted Goose) is among the most endangered bird populations in Europe, with only 25–30 breeding pairs remaining in Northern Norway. Historically, its former breeding range extended across the mountainous regions of Fennoscandia. Thanks to targeted conservation efforts during the 21st century, A. erythropus has started to recolonize some of its former breeding areas in Norway and possibly also in Finland. Anser serrirostris rossicus (Tundra Bean Goose) is classified as Endangered in Finland, with just a few breeding pairs in northernmost Finnish Lapland with a poorly known breeding range. It breeds in higher numbers in Finnmark Norway and is listed as Vulnerable in Norway. Anser fabalis fabalis (Taiga Bean Goose), classified as Endangered in Norway, can also breed in the same area in low numbers. To locate individuals of these elusive goose species during breeding seasons, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from filtered lake water from selected lakes in northern Finland. We amplified and sequenced a short region of the mitochondrial control region to identify the species. Additionally, for positive controls, we sampled eDNA from the water of a Finnish spring staging site and known Norwegian breeding sites of the A. erythropus, from which eDNA of the A. erythropus was identified. eDNA of the A. erythropus was not detected within the former Finnish breeding range. Based on this, the A. erythropus has either not recolonized its former breeding habitats in Finland, the correct lakes were not sampled, the eDNA concentration was below detection limits, or due to other methodological issues. Anser s. rossicus was detected in 3 lakes and A. f. fabalis in 10 lakes, providing new information about the breeding distribution of Bean Geese in Finnish Lapland.
Evolution of X-ray and optical rapid variability during the low/hard state in the 2018 outburst of MAXI J1820+070 = ASASSN-18ey
Authors: Kimura Mariko , Negoro Hitoshi , Yamada Shinya , Iwakiri Wataru , Sako Shigeyuki , Ohsawa Ryou 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We performed shot analyses of X-ray and optical subsecond flares observed during the low/hard state of the 2018 outburst in MAXI J1820+070. Optical shots were less spread than X-ray shots. The amplitude of X-ray shots was highest at the onset of the outburst, and they faded at the transition to the intermediate state. The timescale of shots was ~0.2 s, and we detected abrupt spectral hardening synchronized with this steep flaring event. The time evolution of optical shots was not similar to that of X-ray shots. These results suggest that accreting gas blobs triggered a series of magnetic reconnections at the hot inner accretion flow in the vicinity of the black hole, which enhanced X-ray emission and generated flaring events. Rapid X-ray spectral hardening would be caused by this kind of magnetic activity. Also, synchrotron emission not only at the hot flow but also at the jet plasma would contribute to the optical rapid variability. We also found that the low/hard state exhibited six different phases in the hardness–intensity diagram and the correlation plot between the optical flux and the X-ray hardness. The amplitude and duration of X-ray shots varied in synchrony with these phases. This time variation may provide key information about the evolution of the hot flow, the low-temperature outer disk, and the jet-emitting plasma.
Implementing a resident-led transition-specific bootcamp curriculum during pediatric residency training: Our 3-year experience
Authors: Hadjinicolaou Aristides , Dandavino Mylène , D’Arienzo David , Kaspy Kimberley , Ruano Cea Elisa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Postgraduate programs that use ‘bootcamps’ to help trainees transition into new clinical roles usually solely target entry to residency, failing to address other critical transition periods. We developed, implemented, and evaluated a resident-led transition-specific bootcamp curriculum in our Pediatrics program and described our first 3 years of experience.

Methods
Our bootcamp curriculum was developed around Kern’s framework. A needs assessment identified key transition periods (Incoming Resident [IR]; Night Float [NF]; Ward Senior [WS]). Teaching content and methods were informed by Residents-As-Teacher principles. Program evaluation included surveys exploring trainees’ satisfaction, and perceived knowledge and self-efficacy before and after bootcamp participation. For the IR bootcamp, knowledge and behaviour were objectively assessed through written examinations and Observed Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs).

Results
Twenty-seven pediatric residents participated in the IR bootcamp, 26 in the NF bootcamp, and 25 in the WS bootcamp. Trainees’ baseline self-reported knowledge and confidence around clinical skills taught showed an improving trend post-bootcamp in all transition periods. Strengths identified included the level-appropriate teaching content and residents’ engagement as teachers.

Conclusions
Bootcamps can help residents adapt to new roles and should target all key transitions within the training continuum. Capitalizing on resident leadership for bootcamp curriculum development and implementation is instrumental to its success.
Relativistic BEC extracted from a complex FRG flow equation
Authors: Terazaki Fumio , Mameda Kazuya , Suzuki Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on the functional renormalization group (FRG) under the local potential approximation, we analyze the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in the relativistic complex scalar theory. This framework leads to a complex flow equation of the effective potential, even with the well-known Litim regulator. In order to evaluate the condensate from such a complex effective potential, we impose a condition between chemical potential and mass, analogously to those in the free theory or the mean field theory. We elucidate that for the strongly (weakly) coupled theory, the phase diagrams computed from the FRG are more (less) deviated from that under the mean field approximation. This result implies that quantum fluctuations strongly affect the nonperturbative formation of the BEC.
Rethinking the missions and functions of public research institutes: evidence from Iranian PRIs
Authors: Safdari Ranjbar Mostafa , Karimmian Zohreh , Nesari Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Public research institutes (PRIs) are pivotal in national and sectoral innovation systems and the transition to a knowledge-based economy. So, the current study has reassessed these institutes’ functions and suggested policy recommendations to augment their influence in moving toward a knowledge-based economy. The findings of this research reveal that functions such as innovation hub and specialized accelerator; strategic and problem-oriented research management platform; standard and regulatory reference; specialized technical service center; center for cooperation, transfer, and dissemination of technology; and the hub of technology and policy intelligence in a specific industrial sector are crucial functions of PRIs in transitioning to a knowledge-based economy. Additionally, to foster a conducive environment for the influence of PRIs in actualizing a knowledge-based economy, policies related to governance and division of responsibilities, stimulation of both supply and demand sides, strengthening the linkage between the supply and demand sides, and provisioning supportive environment and infrastructure are recommended.
Physical therapy approach and non-invasive modalities in treatment of vaginal laxity: a literature review
Authors: Eid Lama , George Mina , Abdel Hady Doaa A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT) and noninvasive modalities can be more safe and available treatments for vaginal laxity (VL) with less risk of postsurgical complications.

Objectives
The purpose of this review is to define the concepts of PFPT and noninvasive modalities, examine the evidence supporting those modalities as a treatment for VL, and evaluate their effectiveness.

Methods
Between 2002 and 2023, clinical studies including women diagnosed with VL were examined in the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria included studies with no outcomes or inadequate data, procedures, suggestions, editorials, book chapters, letters to editors, reviews, meta-analyses, animal research, and articles in languages other than English.

Result
Only seventeen studies have been identified. Four studies have demonstrated the impact of PFPT (low- and medium-energy radiofrequency (RF), ultrasound, low-energy laser treatment, par sacral stimulation, the knack method, and pelvic floor exercises), and thirteen studies have discussed the impact of noninvasive modalities (RF, combined multipolar RF with pulsed electromagnetic, combined RF and pulsed electromagnetic field, high-intensity focused ultrasound, CO2 laser, combining multipolar RF and hybrid fractional laser, microfocused ultrasound, and the VIVEVE surface-cooled RF) on vaginal laxity.

Conclusion
This review indicates many knowledge areas that must be attempted in order to understand the influence of nonstrengthening physical therapy and noninvasive methods on vaginal laxity. In addition to the mechanisms behind their impacts. In addition, we strongly recommend that more clinical trials of high methodological and interventional quality are required to investigate the efficacy of various physical therapy approaches, including electrical stimulation, biofeedback exertion, acupressure, manual therapy, neuromodulation, core exercise therapy, hydrotherapy, well-designed ultrasound therapy protocols, and vaginal weight training.
The circadian clock participates in seasonal growth in Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Lázaro-Gimeno David , Ferrari Camilla , Delhomme Nico , Johansson Mikael , Sjölander Johan , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Mutwil Marek , Eriksson Maria E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The boreal forest ecosystems of the northern hemisphere are dominated by conifers, of which Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] H. Karst.) is one of the most common species. Due to its economic interest to the agroforestry industry, as well as its ecological significance, it is important to understand seasonal growth and biomass production in Norway spruce. Solid evidence that the circadian clock regulates growth in conifers has proved elusive, however, resulting in significant gaps in our knowledge of clock function in these trees. Here, we reassess the impact of the circadian clock on growth in Norway spruce. Using a combination of approaches monitoring the physiology of vegetative growth, transcriptomics and bioinformatics, we determined that the clock could be playing a decisive role in enabling growth, acting in specific developmental processes influenced by season and geographical location to guide bud burst and growth. Thus, the evidence indicates that there is time for spruce.
The clinico-epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of methadone poisoning: a registry-based clinical study
Authors: Hosseininejad Seyed M. , Sharifpour Ali , Akbarnezhad Fatemeh , Veisi Hossein , Zakariaei Zakaria 
Published: November 2024

Objectives:
Methadone is a long-acting synthetic agonist of opioid receptors, which is used as an analgesic and as an alternative treatment in opioid-dependent patients. Clinical manifestations of methadone poisoning include miotic pupils, low levels of consciousness (LOC), respiratory depression or apnea, and coma and death. Considering the high consumption of methadone in society and the prevalent instances of overdose and poisoning, whether accidental or intentional, the authors decided to investigate the clinico-epidemiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of methadone poisoning in the Mazandaran province, northern Iran, from 2020 to 2022.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional registry-based study, wherein data was collected from the Mazandaran Registry Center of Opioids Poisoning (MRCOP), on patients with methadone poisoning. Data based on various parameters such as individual characteristics, ingestion motivation, and clinical outcomes were collected in a checklist.

Results:
Of the 385 patients, who entered the study, 264 were men and 121 were women. The mean age of the patients was 29.02 years. Two hundred forty-four patients had intentionally consumed methadone. The most common symptoms observed among individuals with methadone poisoning were decreased arterial blood oxygen (225 patients) and decreased LOC (173 patients). The length of hospitalization for most patients was less than 1 week. Except for seven of them who died, most of them were discharged in good general condition.

Conclusion:
The study identified sex, age, marital and employment status, and suicidal intent as the most significant factors influencing methadone poisoning, which should be considered in the design and implementation of public education and prevention programs.
Evaluation of Oropharyngeal Structure and DISE Findings for Successful Soft Palatal Webbing Flap Pharyngoplasty
Authors: Jin Siyeon , Kim Minju , Kim Hyun Jung , Han Doo Hee , Won Tae-Bin , Kim Dong-Young , Rhee Chae-Seo , Kim Hyun Jik 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Lateral pharyngeal wall collapse, linked to weak pharyngeal wall stability, is characteristic of severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Soft palate webbing flap palatopharyngoplasty (SPWFPP) has been introduced to enhance the stability of the lateral pharyngeal wall with minimal postoperative complications by eliminating the need for tonsillectomy. This study analyzed the anatomic findings of oropharynx for determination of outcome in OSA patients requiring SPWFPP.

Methods:
Twenty-eight OSA patients who underwent SPWFPP combined with septoturbinoplasty were included in this study. Patient medical records, including endoscopic findings, polysomnography (PSG) data, and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE), were analyzed.

Results:
PSG data revealed that SPWFPP provided significant improvements of AHI scores in severe OSA patients with lateral pharyngeal wall collapse, whereas AHI scores of mild and moderate OSA cases minimally declined after SPWFPP. Notably, among the patients who underwent SPWFPP, some experienced abrupt increases in AHI levels after surgery, particularly in mild OSA cases, and those patients showed collapse of the epiglottis before surgery according to DISE findings. The outcome of SPWFPP was successful in severe OSA patients whose epiglottis was not collapsible on preoperative DISE findings and in patients with palatal collapse of grade III or higher.

Conclusion:
SPWFPP provides good surgical outcomes even in severe OSA patients with lateral pharyngeal wall collapse. However, the surgical results may be worse in certain patients depending on epiglottis collapsibility. A close analysis of DISE findings before SPWFPP reveals important indicators for predicting better surgical results and selecting OSA patients suitable for SPWFPP.
Targeting of PTP4A3 overexpression sensitises HGSOC cells towards chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: López-Garza Ana , James David , Creagh Emma , Murray James T. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOf all the gynecologic malignancies, Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate, partly attributable to its propensity for chemotherapy resistance. The most common sub-type of OC is serous, of which High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal sub-type. Elevated expression of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 4 A3 (PTP4A3) is implicated in tumour cell invasion and metastasis, by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 axis. Previously we reported PTP4A3 increased the survival of non-serous OC cellsin vitroby activating the autophagy pathway.The present study focused on understanding the impact of PTP4A3 on cell growth, proliferation, and autophagy in HGSOC cells. In particular, we sought to understand whether targeting PTP4A3 in cancer cells that overexpress this phosphatase would sensitise HGSOC cells to existing chemotherapeutic drugs. We report that shRNA-mediated gene silencing of PTP4A3 resulted in the upregulation of compensatory mechanisms that may render PTP4A3 targeting redundant as a monotherapy. However, pan-PTP4A inhibition with JMS-053 overcame this. Finally, silencing of PTP4A3 expression sensitized HGSOC cells to clinically relevant chemotherapeutic drugs.Since mAb therapies targeting PTP4A3 are already in clinical trials, therapeutic targeting of PTP4A3 may have significant value in improving outcomes for those patients with HGSOC, in the clinical setting.