bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmetic use of three topical moisturizers following glycolic acid facial peels
Authors: Santos‐Caetano Joao Paulo , Vila Ricardo , Gfeller Christoph F. , Cargill Matthew , Mahalingam Harish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFacial chemical exfoliation (peeling) involves using a chemical agent to insult the skin and damage the cutaneous barrier, to reduce the signs of aging. The use of a moisturizer is advised postprocedure to promote repair of the epidermis. Biomimic moisturizer formulations may be effective treatment options for repair following facial peeling.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the local tolerance and cosmetic efficacy of three topical moisturizers (Physiogel® moisturizing creams), used after a 70% glycolic acid facial peel.MethodsThree randomized, evaluator‐blind, parallel group studies were performed. Subjects were healthy females aged 30‐60 years with moderate to advanced photoaged skin (Glogau photoaging type II–III). All included a screening visit, a 7‐day washout period, a 70% glycolic acid facial peeling procedure, and randomization to a 14‐day treatment period with one of the three test products vs control.ResultsThe primary endpoint was reached in all three studies; all completed subjects in the test groups received a favorable dermatologist global assessment score for tolerance at Day 14 (postchemical peel). Secondary assessments of local tolerance based on dermatologist and subject self‐assessment scores demonstrated improvements from baseline. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported in any study. Benefits for the test products were also observed in secondary efficacy analyses of transepidermal water loss and moisturization.ConclusionsThese studies have demonstrated the local tolerance and cosmetic efficacy of three moisturizing skin care products, when used for skin recovery after superficial chemical peeling on the face.
Factors associated with skin and mucosal lesions caused by medical devices in newborns: Observational study
Authors: de Faria Maíla Fidalgo , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , Felix Márcia Marques dos Santos , Calegari Isadora Braga , Barbosa Maria Helena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAim and objectiveTo identify the occurrence of skin and mucosal lesions and factors related to the use of medical devices in newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundThe use of medical devices increases the risk of injury in newborns due to the immaturity and fragility of their skin and mucosa.DesignObservational and longitudinal study.MethodsThe study included 85 newborns admitted to in a neonatal intensive care unit from a public teaching hospital. Data were collected from February–August 2018. For the evaluation, the Neonatal Skin Condition Score was used, as well as an instrument covering sociodemographic and clinical variables, medical devices in use and materials for skin protection. The study followed the recommendations STROBE. Simple frequency, measures of central tendency and variability, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used for data analysis.ResultsOf the n = 85 newborns evaluated, n = 62 (72.9%) presented skin or mucosal lesions caused using medical devices, excoriations being the most observed n = 55 (64.7%), and n = 32 (37.6%) had 1–3 lesions. As the number of devices increased, so did the number of lesions. On the other hand, the age of the newborn and the number of lesions were inversely proportional.ConclusionMost participants, n = 62 (72.9%), had skin or mucosal lesions associated with medical devices. The number of medical devices used and the age of the newborn were predictors for this occurrence.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results show that it is fundamental that nurses know the factors that can interfere in the skin and mucosa conditions and, thus, promote the implementation of injury prevention measures in newborns, supporting safe and quality care.
In situ measurement of miR‐138 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue supports the role of this microRNA as a tumor suppressor
Authors: Zeng Dequan , Xu Hao , Ji Ning , Li Jing , Zhou Min , Dan Hongxia , Zhou Yu , Zeng Xin , Jiang Lu , Chen Qianming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer worldwide with a relatively high rate of metastasis (~40%). Previously, we showed that microRNA‐138 serves as a functional tumor suppressor and plays an important role in oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis. However, to date, microRNA‐138 expression has not been examined in this tumor tissue. Herein, we demonstrated that microRNA‐138 expression is downregulated in metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens using tissue microarray technology with in situ hybridization.MethodsThe study included 254 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients from two centers (160 from the Chengdu center and 90 from the Guangzhou center) and four healthy volunteers.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that microRNA‐138 expression was independent of tumor stage, age, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Interestingly, patients that expressed lower levels of microRNA‐138 (determined by in situ hybridization) were more prone to regional lymph node metastasis and exhibited poorer outcomes. These findings support the role of microRNA‐138 as a tumor suppressor in oral squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionIn summary, the expression level of microRNA‐138 is negatively correlated with oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis; the lower the expression of microRNA‐138, the higher the rate of metastasis and the poorer the prognosis of the patients. Therefore, our study confirms that microRNA‐138 serves as a tumor suppressor and plays a functional role in oral squamous cell carcinoma tumor metastasis; microRNA‐138 constitutes a promising prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma with metastasis potential.
A hepatitis C outbreak preceded the HIV outbreak among persons who inject drugs in Athens, Greece: Insights from a mathematical modelling study
Authors: Gountas Ilias , Sypsa Vana , Papatheodoridis George , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Kalamitsis George , Anagnostou Olga , Antaraki Argiro , Fotiou Anastasios , Hatzakis Angelos 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPeople who inject drugs (PWID) comprise one of the major transmission risk groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2011, Athens experienced a large HIV outbreak among PWID. Significant public health interventions were implemented in response to the HIV outbreak. The aims of this study were to estimate the indirect effects of the HIV interventions on HCV infection and to evaluate the concept of the association between HCV and HIV infections in the case of Athens. A dynamic, stochastic, individual‐based model was developed to simulate HCV transmission among PWID. We calibrated the model to reproduce the observed HCV prevalence among PWID in Greece. Two years prior to the HIV outbreak, an undetected HCV outbreak has occurred. In 2009, the incidence of HCV infection increased from 640 (495, 842) cases in 2008 to 1260 (1060, 1500). The mean time from initiation of injecting drug use to HCV acquisition decreased from 29 months in 2008 to 13 months in 2009. After HIV interventions, HCV incidence declined by 64.8% in 2012, compared to 2009. The averted HCV incidence cases attributed to the HIV‐implemented interventions were 2200 (1950, 2480), during 2012‐2015. The cumulative number incident HCV cases in Athens during 2002‐2015 was about 9900 (7800, 12 100). Our results highlight that before the 2011 HIV outbreak in Athens, an HCV outbreak occurred in 2009. Prevention measures for HIV that took place in the Athens metropolitan area in 2012 reduced significantly the incidence of HCV.
Meniscal click in cranial cruciate deficient stifles as a predictor of specific meniscal pathology
Authors: Gleason Hadley E. , Hudson Caleb C. , Cerroni Brittany 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the predictive value of meniscal click for specific meniscal tear morphology.Study designProspective cohort.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (104) with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency treated with stifle arthroscopy (111).MethodsAll stifles underwent a standardized examination for meniscal click before anesthesia (EBA) and during anesthesia (EDA). Presence or absence of a medial meniscal tear and diagnosis of tear morphology were confirmed with arthroscopic examination.ResultsComplete CCL tears were noted in 93 dogs, and incompetent partial tears were noted in 18 dogs. Medial meniscal tears were noted in 40.5% (55/111) of dogs, including bucket handle tears (BHT) in 65.6% (36/55) of tears. Frays of the lateral meniscus were noted in 6.3% of dogs (7/111). Examination for meniscal click before anesthesia was 38% sensitive and 94.5% specific, and EDA was 38% sensitive and 98.2% specific for all meniscal tear morphologies. Positive meniscal click at EBA was associated with a meniscal BHT but not with a meniscal non‐BHT (P < .0001 and P = .3515, respectively). Positive meniscal click at EDA was associated with a meniscal BHT but not with a meniscal non‐BHT (P < .0001 and P = .1909, respectively).ConclusionA meniscal click is more commonly associated with a meniscal BHT than with a non‐BHT.Clinical significanceMeniscal tear morphology influences the presence or absence of meniscal click. Because of the high incidence of meniscal disease, this study provides evidence to support joint exploration in the treatment of CCL disease.
Cell Biology of Intracellular Adaptation of
Mycobacterium leprae
in the Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Hess Samuel , Rambukkana Anura 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT

The mammalian nervous system is invaded by a number of intracellular bacterial pathogens which can establish and progress infection in susceptible individuals. Subsequent clinical manifestation is apparent with the impairment of the functional units of the nervous system, i.e., the neurons and the supporting glial cells that produce myelin sheaths around axons and provide trophic support to axons and neurons. Most of these neurotrophic bacteria display unique features, have coevolved with the functional sophistication of the nervous system cells, and have adapted remarkably to manipulate neural cell functions for their own advantage. Understanding how these bacterial pathogens establish intracellular adaptation by hijacking endogenous pathways in the nervous system, initiating myelin damage and axonal degeneration, and interfering with myelin maintenance provides new knowledge not only for developing strategies to combat neurodegenerative conditions induced by these pathogens but also for gaining novel insights into cellular and molecular pathways that regulate nervous system functions. Since the pathways hijacked by bacterial pathogens may also be associated with other neurodegenerative diseases, it is anticipated that detailing the mechanisms of bacterial manipulation of neural systems may shed light on common mechanisms, particularly of early disease events. This chapter details a classic example of neurodegeneration, that caused by
Mycobacterium leprae
, which primarily infects glial cells of the peripheral nervous system (Schwann cells), and how it targets and adapts intracellularly by reprogramming Schwann cells to stem cells/progenitor cells. We also discuss implications of this host cell reprogramming by leprosy bacilli as a model in a wider context.
Developing and evaluating a lay health worker delivered implementation intervention to decrease engagement disparities in behavioural parent training: a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Barnett Miya , Miranda Jeanne , Kia-Keating Maryam , Saldana Lisa , Landsverk John , Lau Anna S 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionBehavioural parent training (BPT) programmes are effective in preventing and treating early-onset conduct problems and child maltreatment. Unfortunately, pervasive mental health service disparities continue to limit access to and engagement in these interventions. Furthermore, challenges with parental engagement can impede the successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in community settings that serve low-income, ethnic minority families. Lay health workers (LHWs)—individuals without formal mental health training—represent an important workforce to increase engagement, as they are members of the communities they serve. However, the mobilisation of LHWs has not been well studied as an implementation strategy to extend the reach or effectiveness of EBPs in the USA. LHW-delivered implementation interventions that specifically support the engagement of Latinx parents in evidence-based BPT programmes have the potential to improve clinical and implementation outcomes.Methods and analysisA community-partnered approach will use the Quality Implementation Framework (QIF) to tailor and implement an LHW-delivered implementation intervention that aims to promote Latinx parent engagement in BPT programmes. Steps from the QIF will guide study activities to (1) conduct a mixed methods needs assessment to fit the implementation intervention to the local context, (2) adapt LHW-delivered implementation strategies to promote parent access to and engagement in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and (3) conduct a hybrid effectiveness-implementation pilot trial to examine the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the LHW implementation intervention at increasing engagement.Ethics and disseminationStudy procedures have been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Results will be shared with the community-advisory group, at community-based meetings for other stakeholders involved in the pilot project, and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Acetylcholine-producing T cells augment innate immune-driven colitis but are redundant in T cell-driven colitis
Authors: Willemze Rose A. , Brinkman David J. , Welting Olaf , van Hamersveld Patricia H. P. , Verseijden Caroline , Luyer Misha D. , Wildenberg Manon E. , Seppen Jurgen , de Jonge Wouter J. 
Published: July 2019

Clinical trials suggest that vagus nerve stimulation presents an alternative approach to classical immune suppression in Crohn's disease. T cells capable of producing acetylcholine (ChAT+ T cells) in the spleen are essential mediators of the anti-inflammatory effect of vagus nerve stimulation. Besides the spleen, ChAT+ T cells are found abundantly in Peyer’s patches of the small intestine. However, the role of ChAT+ T cells in colitis pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we made use of CD4creChATfl/fl mice (CD4ChAT−/− mice) lacking ChAT expression specifically in CD4+ T cells. Littermates (ChATfl/fl mice) served as controls. In acute dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (7 days of 2% DSS in drinking water), CD4ChAT−/− mice showed attenuated colitis and lower intestinal inflammatory cytokine levels compared with ChATfl/fl mice. In contrast, in a resolution model of DSS-induced colitis (5 days of 2% DSS followed by 7 days without DSS), CD4ChAT−/− mice demonstrated a worsened colitis recovery and augmented colonic histological inflammation scores and inflammatory cytokine levels as compared with ChATfl/fl mice. In a transfer colitis model using CD4+CD45RBhigh T cells, T cells from CD4ChAT−/− mice induced a similar level of colitis compared with ChATfl/fl T cells. Together, our results indicate that ChAT+ T cells aggravate the acute innate immune response upon mucosal barrier disruption in an acute DSS-induced colitis model, whereas they are supporting the later resolution process of this innate immune-driven colitis. Surprisingly, ChAT expression in T cells seems redundant in the context of T cell-driven colitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY By using different mouse models of experimental colitis, we provide evidence that in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, ChAT+ T cells capable of producing acetylcholine worsen the acute immune response, whereas they support the later healing phase of this innate immune-driven colitis.
Impact of Prolonged Spaceflight on Orthostatic Tolerance During Ambulation and Blood Pressure Profiles in Astronauts
Authors: Fu Qi , Shibata Shigeki , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Platts Steven H. , Hamilton Douglas M. , Bungo Michael W. , Stenger Michael B. , Ribeiro Christine , Adams-Huet Beverley , Levine Benjamin D. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Astronauts returning to earth usually demonstrate reduced orthostatic tolerance when assessed on a tilt table or quiet standing, but no studies have evaluated postflight orthostatic tolerance during activities of daily living, when it is most clinically relevant. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) variability also is associated with orthostatic intolerance in certain patient populations and can capture clinically significant orthostatic hypotension during activities of daily living, especially when measured on a beat-to-beat basis. We evaluated the impact of prolonged spaceflight on orthostatic tolerance and BP profiles in astronauts.

Methods:
Ambulatory beat-to-beat BP was recorded using a portable device for multiple 24-hour time periods before, during, and after 6 months of spaceflight in 12 astronauts (4 women; age 48±5 [mean±SD] years). BP variability in the time domain was calculated as the SD. Systolic BP distribution during activities of daily living was characterized by skewness and kurtosis.

Results:

In contrast with results from previous studies that used tilt tables or stand tests, no astronaut experienced orthostatic intolerance/hypotension during activities of daily living before or after spaceflight. Also, 24-hour systolic BP decreased in space (120±10 mm Hg before spaceflight versus 106±9 mm Hg during spaceflight;
P
<0.01), but it returned to normal upon landing (122±13 mm Hg). Diastolic BP was unchanged during and after spaceflight. Systolic and diastolic BP variability remained the same before, during, and after spaceflight (both
P
>0.05). The skewness of systolic BP increased in space (0.74±0.51 versus 1.43±1.00;
P
=0.001), indicating that signal fluctuations became asymmetrical; however, it returned to preflight levels after landing (0.51±0.42). The kurtosis increased in space (5.01±7.67 versus 11.10±11.79;
P
=0.010), suggesting that fluctuations concentrated around the mean with a narrow distribution; however, it also returned to preflight levels (2.21±2.56) after return to earth.

Conclusions:
Given current countermeasures including in-flight exercise training and volume resuscitation on return, no astronauts experienced orthostatic hypotension or intolerance during routine (for landing day) activities in the initial 24 hours after landing following 6 months in space. Prolonged exposure to spaceflight had little impact on systolic BP variability and its distribution, although the latter showed a transient change in space (accompanied by mild relative hypotension), all of which returned to preflight values after return to earth.
In‐Hospital and Postdischarge Mortality Among Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Hospitalizations Ending on the Weekend Versus Weekday: The ARIC Study Community Surveillance
Authors: Mounsey Louisa A. , Chang Patricia P. , Sueta Carla A. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Russell Stuart D. , Caughey Melissa C. 
Published: July 2019

Background

Hospital staffing is usually reduced on weekends, potentially impacting inpatient care and postdischarge coordination of care for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (
ADHF
). However, investigations of in‐hospital mortality on the weekend versus weekday, and post‐hospital outcomes of weekend versus weekday discharge are scarce.

Methods and Results

Hospitalizations for
ADHF
were sampled by stratified design from 4
US
areas by the Community Surveillance component of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study.
ADHF
was classified by a standardized computer algorithm and physician review of the medical records. Discharges or deaths on Saturday, Sunday, or national holidays were considered to occur on the “weekend.” In‐hospital mortality was compared between hospitalizations ending on a weekend versus weekday. Post‐hospital (28‐day) mortality was compared among patients discharged alive on a weekend versus weekday. From 2005 to 2014, 39 699 weighted
ADHF
hospitalizations were identified (19% terminating on a weekend). Demographics, comorbidities, length of stay, and guideline‐directed therapies were similar for patients with hospitalizations ending on a weekend versus weekday. In‐hospital death doubled on the weekend compared with weekday (12% versus 6%) and was not attenuated by adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio, 2.37; 95%
CI
, 1.93–2.91). There was no association between weekend discharge and 28‐day mortality among patients discharged alive.

Conclusions

The risk of in‐hospital death among patients admitted with
ADHF
appears to be doubled on the weekends when hospital staffing is usually reduced. However, among patients discharged alive, hospital discharge on a weekend is not adversely associated with mortality.
What is Comparative Medicine?
Authors: Bradley O. Charnock 
Published: July 2019

Inasmuch as it includes the study of disease in a considerable number of animals belonging to widely different species, there is some ground for regarding veterinary medicine as being comparative medicine. But this is held to be too narrow an application of the term. There is better reason for the contention that human and veterinary medicine together compose comparative medicine. Notwithstanding marked differences between some of the diseases of man and those of the lower animals, the similarities and resemblances are much more numerous. Human and veterinary medicine are confronted with similar problems and employ similar means for their solution; and, taken together, they deal with a large group of animals sufficient to justify the contention that they are two branches of one medicine. But an even wider and more comprehensive conception of comparative medicine is suggested. It is held to embrace the study of disease processes in all animals (and possibly in plants also), in all conditions, and with the help of all available means. Its corpus contains elements that have been contributed, and are being contributed, from widely different sources. The physicist, the chemist, the physiologist, and others make discoveries that are susceptible of incorporation; and thus is accumulated a store of linked facts from which practitioners of human and veterinary medicine take what they need, and taking, give.