bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormones and osteoporosis
Authors: Shiraliyev O. K. , Mamedov T. F. , Gaghiyeva Zh. I. 
Published: October 2019

Osteoporosis and its complications - bone fractures - represent a significant medical and social problem. Due to osteoporosis, bone fractures occur annually in 1.3 million Americans and 40 thousand Canadians. In France, one in two, and in Australia, one in five women aged about 70 years, suffer from fractures caused by osteoporosis. The occurrence of osteoporosis in old women is due to a decrease in estrogen production. However, a decrease in bone mineral density occurs not only with age, but even more so with all conditions leading to a change in the balance of hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands.
In connection with the stated purpose of this work was a synthesis of literature data on the effect of hormones on the occurrence and development of osteoporosis.
Bone tissue is a dynamic metabolically active system. Depending on the function performed, cortical and trabecular bone are distinguished. The first makes up three quarters of the entire skeletal mass, forms the diaphysis of the tubular bones, has a low porosity, performs the function of supporting soft tissues and transmitting muscle contraction from one part of the body to another. Trabecular bone tissue makes up one fourth of the mass of the skeleton, forms the bones of the axial skeleton and the epiphysis of the tubular bones, has high porosity and ensures normal vital activity of the bone marrow. To do this, in the trabecular bones there are cavities ranging in size from 500 to 1000 microns, located between bone plates 100-150 microns thick.
The basis of the vital activity of bone tissue is the functioning of two types of cells: osteoclasts resorbing the bone, and osteoblasts responsible for its formation. The ancestors of these cells are not fully understood, although hematopoietic monocyte macrophages are considered the most probable for osteoclasts, and stromal cells for osteoblasts, from which preosteoblasts arise.
Throughout life, there is a constant renewal of bones, manifested in the resorption of individual, very small sections of tissue, with the almost simultaneous formation of a new bone. This process is of great evolutionary importance, since it allows you to remove microtrauma and bone microcracks that arise during the life process. Annually 25% of the mass of the trabecular bones and only 2-3% of the cortical bones are renewed.
The materialization of language in tourism networks
Authors: Higgins Christina , Ikeda Maiko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article traces how new linguistic practices emerge alongside the development of tourism in Hawai‘i and Japan. We trace and describe two networks of tourism to illustrate how signs, speech, and embodied communication materialize in actor networks. We frame these new spatial repertoires as examples of language learning and language change that occurs as an effect of human mobility intersecting with material affordances in new environments. We compare the relatively new emergence of such spatial repertoires in Izumisano, a residential neighborhood in Oʻsaka, to the more established repertoires that have formed in Kailua, a residential beach town on O‘ahu in Hawai‘i. In Izumisano, we focus on the emergence of Chinese alongside English, and in Kailua, we examine the recent emergence of the Japanese language. In both contexts, we identify how language first emerges in written form on signs in relation to other actants such as pancakes, airports, and train stations. This signage later becomes part of the embodied actions by service providers who acquire multimodal verbal repertoires through their interactions with tourists.
The Pseudo-Spectral Collocation Method for Resonant Long-Short Nonlinear Wave Interaction
Authors: Rashid Abdur 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A pseudo-spectral collocation method for a class of equations describing resonant long-short wave interaction is studied. Semi-discrete and fully discrete Fourier pseudo-spectral collocation schemes are given. In fully discrete case we establish a three-level explicit scheme which is convenient and saves time in real computation. We use energy estimation methods to obtain error estimates for the approximate solutions.
On the Convolution of Functions of Generalized Bounded Variations
Authors: Vyas Rajendra G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be 2π periodic functions. If 𝑓 ∈ 𝐿1[0, 2π] and 𝑔 is from ∧ 𝐵𝑉(𝑝)[0, 2π] or, Lip(α, 𝑝)[0, 2π] or, 𝑟 – 𝐵𝑉 [0, 2π], then 𝑓 convolution 𝑔 inherit the same property.
Pheochromocytoma arising from an ectopic adrenal tissue in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A
Authors: Ohsugi Haruyuki , Takizawa Nae , Kinoshita Hidefumi , Matsuda Tadashi 
Published: October 2019

Summary
A 21-year-old woman was referred to our hospital to treat bilateral pheochromocytomas (PCCs) after a diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). We performed bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy. One year after the operation, urinary fractionated metanephrines in 24-h urine increased. MRI showed a 30 mm tumor on the interaortocaval region and 123I-MIBG concentrated in this area. We excised the tumor and performed para-aortic lymphadenectomy. Histopathologic examination confirmed a PCC arising from ectopic adrenal tissue. Urinary fractionated metanephrines in 24-h urine declined to basal levels immediately after the operation. We detected no recurrence of paraganglioma or PCC for 5 years after the treatment.

Learning points:

Most ectopic adrenal tissue is associated with no symptoms and contains only the adrenal cortex.

Adrenocortical tumors sometimes arise from ectopic adrenal tissues similarly to in the normal adrenal gland.

PCC arising from ectopic adrenal tissue occurs infrequently.

MEN2-related PCC is accompanied by adrenal medullary hyperplasia, which might be part of tumorigenesis.
Subtitling Song Lyrics in Films – Pilot Reception Research
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Paweł 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe following article is based on a study into the reception of subtitled song lyrics in audiovisual translation. The study involved nine musicals subtitled into Polish and screened at a recurring cultural event every two weeks over a span of eight months. After each screening, a survey was distributed to investigate the perception of the target text: whether the audience could spot if the subtitles rhymed and respected the original rhythm, and whether the presence of rhymes and rhythm in song subtitles influenced audience satisfaction. The total number of songs tested was 88, and the total number of distributed surveys was 209. The results showed that the viewers were unable to recognize the presence or absence of the musical match – they tended to respond that the subtitles matched the music regardless whether the actual musical match of the translation was 70% or 5%. A high percentage of the surveys (40%) showed lack of attention towards the presence of rhymes. The responses of those who declared that they paid attention to rhymes were somewhat correct. Lastly, the results showed that the presence of the musical match and rhymes has little or no effect on the satisfaction with the subtitles.
Use of High-Cost Cancer Treatments in Academic and Nonacademic Practice
Authors: Mitchell Aaron P. , Kinlaw Alan C. , Peacock-Hinton Sharon , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Academic physicians, such as those affiliated with National Cancer Institute (NCI)–designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers, may have different practice patterns regarding the use of high-cost cancer drugs than nonacademic physicians.

Materials and Methods
For this cohort study, we linked cancer registry, administrative, and demographic data for patients with newly diagnosed cancer in North Carolina from 2004 to 2011. We selected cancer types with multiple U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved, National Comprehensive Cancer Network–recommended treatment options and large differences in reimbursement between higher-priced and lower-priced options (stage IV colorectal, stage IV lung, and stage II–IV head-and-neck cancers). We assessed whether provider's practice setting—NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (“NCI”) versus other location (“non-NCI”)—was associated with use of higher-cost treatment options. We used inverse probability of exposure weighting to control for patient characteristics.

Results
Of 800 eligible patients, 79.6% were treated in non-NCI settings. Patients treated in non-NCI settings were more likely to receive high-cost treatment than patients treated in NCI settings (36.0% vs. 23.2%), with an unadjusted prevalence difference of 12.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.1%–20.0%). After controlling for potential confounding factors, non-NCI patients remained more likely to receive high-cost treatment, although the strength of association was attenuated (adjusted prevalence difference, 9.6%; 95% CI −0.1%–18.7%). Exploratory analyses suggested potential heterogeneity across cancer type and insurance status.

Conclusion
Use of higher-cost cancer treatments may be more common in non-NCI than NCI settings. This may reflect differential implementation of clinical evidence, local practice variation, or possibly a response to the reimbursement incentives presented by chemotherapy billing.
Contra os Gramáticos, de Sexto Empírico: tradução anotada, quarta parte (M 1. 248-269)
Authors: Prezotto Joseane Mara 
Published: October 2019

Tradução anotada da seção M 1. 248-269 do tratado Contra os Gramáticos, escrito pelo filósofo cético pirrônico Sexto Empírico (prov. séc. II d.C.). Na passagem aqui traduzida, dando sequência ao ataque às partes da gramática, segundo a divisão apresentada por ele, quais sejam: técnica, histórica e gramatical, Sexto aborda a parte dita histórica, cujo escopo seria fornecer informações sobre personagens; ficções e mitos; palavras insólitas e outros elementos das obras literárias. Sexto, em sua argumentação, enfatiza principalmente a falta de método da atividade, asseverando a característica assistemática de seu objeto, o que demonstraria que não há tekhne envolvida no empreendimento gramatical como um todo. As notas de tradução buscam esclarecer questões subjacentes ao argumento sextiano, justificar escolhas tradutórias e disponibilizar informações que viabilizem traçar paralelos entre a passagem em questão e outras obras do autor ou do período.
Palavras-chave: Sexto Empírico; filosofia helenística; ceticismo; epicurismo; gramática; história.
Keywords:
The Study of General Health Status in the Students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd
Authors: Khazir Zahra , Jambarsang Sara , Abbasi-Shavazi Masoumeh 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Students are predisposed to loss of general health due to the special circumstances of the education period. Considering that they constitute a significant proportion of the population, their general health status can be considered as a good basis to plan for their general health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the general health status in students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 272 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016 were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection instrument was a three-section questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle-related habits, a standard health questionnaire, and a general health questionnaire (GHQ)-28. After data collection was done, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive and Independent T-test and one-way ANOVAs.
Results: Findings of the study showed that 54.4% of students had a non-favorable general health status. The general health status of the students was not significantly associated with gender, education level, parents’ education level and residence status (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the variable of smoking. (p = 0.03), and this difference was more pronounced in the areas related to depression.
Conclusion:Regarding the negative effects of the students' depression and smoking on their general health status, it seems that the general health of the students can be improved by providing consulting services and designing and implementing preventive action.
Optimalisasi mutu lulusan dengan pembekalan keterampilan berhitung model MARS (matematika dan aritmatika sederhana)
Authors: Rufiana Intan Sari , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Nurhidayah Dwi Avita 
Published: October 2019

[Bahasa]: Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini (PKM) adalah memberikan keterampilan terkait dengan kemampuan aritmetika sederhana pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo khususnya pada Operasi Aljabar (Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan). Keterampilan ini termasuk di luar kompetensi utama yang mendukung keilmuan. Dengan adanya kegiatan ini diharapkan dalam implementasinya, mahasiswa mampu bersaing dengan lulusan dari Perguruan Tinggi lain. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan untuk (1) mempersiapkan dan membekali para calon pendidik khususnya mahasiswa program studi matematika Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo Semester VI dan Semester VIII dalam hal berhitung cepat, (2) memberikan motivasi pada mahasiswa untuk memiliki keterampilan lain yang mendukung keilmuan. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan pelatihan keterampilan berhitung dengan menggunakan jarimatika. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pelatihan ini dapat membangkitkan motivasi dan membekali mahasiswa dengan keterampilan lain yang mendukung keilmuannya. Dari 30 mahasiswa yang mengikuti kegiatan PKM, sebanyak 50% berpendapat bahwa model berhitung ini sangat mudah diterapkan, 30% menyatakan mudah diterapkan, dan sisanya menyatakan cukup mudah diterapkan. Selain itu, 53% dari 30 peserta sangat paham terhadap konsep berhitung menggunakan jarimatika, 27% dari 30 peserta menyatakan paham, 17% menyatakan cukup paham dan 3% menyatakan sulit.
Kata kunci: optimalisasi keterampilan, berhitung matematika, jarimatika
[English]: The purpose of this community service program is to provide students with simple arithmetic skills in the Mathematics Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, especially in Algebra Operations (addition and subtraction) which include as the supporting competencies. This program is expected to prepare students for competing with graduates from other tertiary institutions. It was carried out to (1) prepare and equip prospective mathematics teachers in terms of fast counting, (2) provide motivation for students to have other skills that support their main competences. The program was in the form of numeracy skills training using Jarimatika. Of the 30 students who took part; 50% of the students agreed that the numeracy model is very easy to implement, 30% said it was easy to apply, and the rest stated it was quite easy to apply. In addition, 53% of the 30 participants understood the concept of arithmetic using Jarimatika, 27% expressed understanding, 17% stated that they understood well, and 3% stated that it was difficult. The program can arouse motivation and equip students with additional skills that can support their knowledge.
Keywords: optimization of skills; math counting; jarimatika
Combination of Electrospun Nanofiber Sheet Incorporating Methylcobalamin and PGA-Collagen Tube for Treatment of a Sciatic Nerve Defect in a Rat Model
Authors: Sayanagi Junichi , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Okada Kiyoshi , Oka Kunihiro , Murase Tsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Hideki 
Published: October 2019

Background:
For peripheral nerve defects, autografting is considered the therapeutic gold-standard treatment. However, this procedure leads to donor-site morbidity. While various artificial conduits have been recently developed, treatment outcome has been demonstrated to be poorer than that with autograft. In our previous study using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model, we demonstrated that the delivery of electrospun nanofiber sheets incorporating methylcobalamin (MeCbl sheet) to the local site of a peripheral nerve injury promoted peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we examined the effects of combination therapy using an MeCbl sheet and a polyglycolic acid tube filled with collagen sponge (PGA-c) in a rat model of a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect.

Methods:
The rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham group (n = 10); (2) PGA-c group (n = 9), in which the gap was bridged using a PGA-c; (3) PGA-c/Sheet group (n = 8), in which the gap was bridged using a PGA-c wrapped in an MeCbl sheet; and (4) autograft group (n = 10), in which the gap was bridged using a reversed autograft. Motor and sensory function were evaluated, electrophysiological analysis was performed, and histomorphological findings were analyzed at 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:
Compared with the PGA-c group, the PGA-c/Sheet group demonstrated significant improvements in the paw-withdrawal threshold expressed as a ratio relative to the contralateral side (mean difference [MD], −1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.64 to −0.38), terminal latency (MD, −0.86 ms; 95% CI, −1.56 to −0.16 ms), myelinated axon area (MD, 4.97%; 95% CI, 0.14% to 9.80%), proportion of myelinated axons (MD, 8.453%; 95% CI, 0.001% to 16.905%), and g-ratio (MD, −0.018; 95% CI, −0.035 to −0.001). No significant improvements were observed regarding motor function, electrophysiological findings with the exception of terminal latency, and axon numbers.

Conclusions:
An MeCbl sheet in combination with a PGA-c significantly accelerated recovery with respect to sensory function, electrophysiology, and histomorphometry.

Clinical Relevance:
An MeCbl sheet may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for promoting regeneration across a nerve gap bridged with an artificial conduit.
Use of potentially inappropriate medication and polypharmacy in older adults: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Thorell Kristine , Midlöv Patrik , Fastbom Johan , Halling Anders 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Potential inappropriate medications (PIM) have an increased risk for adverse drug reactions (ADR) in an older adult population. With increasing age, multimorbidity is growing along with the use of medications. For several years, polypharmacy has been found to increase in western societies. Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of ADR. In this study, we analysed the prevalence of PIM in an older adult population and in different strata of the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy and how that prevalence changed over time.

Methods: This is a registry based repeated cross-sectional study including two cohorts. Individuals aged 75 or older listed at a primary care centre in Blekinge on the 31st March 2011 (cohort 1) or on the 31st December 2013 (cohort 2) were included in the respective cohorts. Using a chi2 test, the two cohorts were compared on the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Use of five or more medications at the same time was the definition for polypharmacy.

Results: Use of PIM decreased from 10.60% to 7.04% (p-value 0.000) between 2011 and 2013, while prevalence of five to seven chronic conditions increased from 20.55% to 23.66% (p-value 0.000). Use of PIM decreased in all strata of the variables age, gender number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Except for age 80 to ≤ 85 and males, where it increased, prevalence of polypharmacy was stable in all strata of the variables.

Conclusions: Use of potentially inappropriate medications had decreased in all variables between 2011 and 2013. Polypharmacy does not increase significantly compared to the rest of the population.
Feasibility and Desirability of Scaling up Community –based Health Insurance (CBHI) in rural communities in Uganda. Lessons from Kisiizi hospital CBHI scheme.
Authors: AYEBAZIBWE ALEX KAKAMA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Community-based health Insurance (CBHI) schemes have been implemented world over as initial steps for National Health Insurance. The CBHI concept developed out of a need for financial protection against catastrophic health expenditure to the poor after failure of other health financing mechanisms. CBHI schemes reduce out-of-pocket payments, and improve access to healthcare services in addition to raising additional revenue for health sector.

Kisiizi hospital CBHI scheme has 41,500 registered members since 1996, organised in 210 community associations known as ‘Bataka’ or ‘Engozi’ societies. Members pay annual premium fees and a co-payment fee before service utilisation.
This Study aimed at exploring the feasibility and desirability of scaling up CBHI in Rubabo County, with objectives of; exploring community perceptions and determining acceptability of CBHI, identifying barriers and enablers to scaling up CBHI and documenting lessons regarding CBHI expansion in a rural community.

Method: Explorative study using qualitative methods. Key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were used in data collection. Twenty two key informant interviews were conducted using semi-structured questionnaires. Three FGD for scheme members and three for non-scheme members were conducted. Data was analysed using thematic approach.
Results :
Scaling up Kisiizi hospital CBHI is desirable because: it conforms to the government social protection agenda, conforms to society values, offers a comprehensive benefits package, and is a better healthcare financing alternative for many households.

Scaling up Kisiizi hospital CBHI is largely feasible because of a strong network of community associations, trusted quality of services at Kisiizi Hospital, affordable insurance fees, and trusted leadership and management systems. Scheme expansion faces a few obstacles: long distances and high transport costs to Kisiizi hospital, low levels of knowledge about insurance, overlapping financial priorities at household level and inability of some households to pay insurance fees.

Conclusions
CBHI implementation requires the following considerations: Conformity with society values and government priorities, a comprehensive benefits package, trusted quality of healthcare services, affordable fees, and trusted leadership and management systems.

Key words
Community-based Health Insurance, Universal Health Coverage, Health financing, Enrolment