bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Methanol – Improvements with Tailored Ligands
Authors: Scharnagl Florian Korbinian , Hertrich Maximilian Franz , Neitzel Gordon , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImproved molecularly‐defined cobalt catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol have been developed. A key factor for increased productivity (up to twofold compared to previous state‐of‐the‐art‐system) is the specific nature of substituents on the triphos ligand. In addition, the effect of metal precursors, and variations of additives have been investigated.magnified image
Pd‐Catalyzed β‐Selective C−H Arylation of Thiophenes with Triarylantimony Difluorides
Authors: Kitamura Yuki , Murata Yuki , Oguri Ayaka , Matsumura Mio , Kakusawa Naoki , Naka Hiroshi , Yasuike Shuji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRegioselective C−H arylation using pentavalent organoantimony compounds as a new class of arylating reagents is described. The reaction of thiophenes with triarylantimony difluorides in the presence of 5 mol% of
and 2 equiv. CuCl2 at 80 °C under aerobic conditions afforded the β‐arylated thiophene derivatives in moderate‐to‐high yields. The reaction is sensitive to the electronic nature of the triarylantimony difluorides – those bearing an electron‐donating group on the phenyl ring showed higher reactivity than those have an electron‐withdrawing group.
Borane‐Catalyzed Cross‐Metathesis Strategy for Facile Transformation of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Germylenes
Authors: Rao Bin , Wang Liliang , Kinjo Rei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA borane B(C6F5)3‐catalyzed metathesis reaction between the Si−C bond in the cyclic (alkyl)(amino)germylene (CAAGe) 1 and the Si−H bond in a silane (R3SiH; 2) is reported. Mechanistic studies propose that the initial step of the reaction involves Si−H bond activation to furnish an ionic species [1‐SiR3]+[HB(C6F5)3]−, from which [Me3Si]+[HB(C6F5)3]− and an azagermole intermediate are generated. The former yields Me3SiH concomitant with the regeneration of B(C6F5)3 whereas the latter undergoes isomerization to afford CAAGes bearing various silyl groups on the carbon atom next to the germylene center. This strategy allows the straightforward synthesis of eight new CAAGes starting from 1.
Cooperative Chirality and Sequential Energy Transfer in a Supramolecular Light‐Harvesting Nanotube
Authors: Ji Lukang , Sang Yutao , Ouyang Guanghui , Yang Dong , Duan Pengfei , Jiang Yuqian , Liu Minghua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBy constructing a supramolecular light‐harvesting chiral nanotube in the aqueous phase, we demonstrate a cooperative energy and chirality transfer. It was found that a cyanostilbene‐appended glutamate compound (CG) self‐assembled into helical nanotubes exhibiting both supramolecular chirality and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). When two achiral acceptors, ThT and AO, with different energy bands were co‐assembled with the nanotube, the CG nanotube could transfer its chirality to both of the acceptors. The excitation energy could be transferred to ThT but only be sequentially transferred to AO. During this process, the CPL ascribed to the acceptor could be sequentially amplified. This work provides a new insight into the understanding the cooperative chirality and energy transfer in a chiral supramolecular system, which is similar to the natural light‐harvesting antennas.
Anatomy and Functional Morphology of the Mysticete Rorqual Whale Larynx: Phonation Positions of the U‐Fold
Authors: DAMIEN JULIETTE , ADAM OLIVIER , CAZAU DORIAN , WHITE PAUL , LAITMAN JEFFREY T. , REIDENBERG JOY S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTMany Mysticetes (baleen whales) are acoustically active marine mammals. This is epitomized by rorquals, and specifically male humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) whose complex songs comprise a wide range of vocalizations. The sound production mechanism of odontocetes (toothed whales, including dolphins and porpoises) is well described, in contrast to that of mysticetes whose vocalization mechanism remains a subject of active scientific investigation. Anatomical observations and acoustic signal processing have led to divergent hypotheses under the framework of a production‐based approach. We attempt to unify these hypotheses by broadening existing data with our new anatomical investigation, interpreted in light of known acoustical properties of mysticete vocalizations. We examined 15 specimens of four rorqual species: sei whale (Baleanoptera borealis), fin whale (Baleanoptera physalus), minke whale (Baleanoptera acutorostrata), and humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). Based on these data and on previous literature, we propose a description of three functional positions (rest, breathing, and recirculation), unidirectional egressive airflow for sound production (from lungs to laryngeal sac), and new nomenclature for different parts of the U‐fold (distal section, midsection, and corniculate flaps). Each of these sections has specific morphological and acoustical properties that support the concept of “mode variation” in baleen whale vocalizations. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 302:703–717, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and in Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of 2,5‐Disubstituted Benzimidazole
Authors: Shi Yanpeng , Jiang Kai , Zheng Ran , Fu Jiaxu , Yan Liuqing , Gu Qiang , Zhang Yumin , Lin Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSeventeen novel 2,5‐disubstituted benzimidazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The tested compounds B1–B4 and C2–C6 exhibited not only good antifungal activity but also favorable broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. Also, the lowest MIC of antibacterial and antifungal activity was 2 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. It suggested that the structure of compound including the different substituent and its sites directly affected the efficacy of the synthesized compounds.
Three‐Dimensional Graphene@Carbon Nanotube Aerogel‐Supported Layered MoS2/Co9S8 Composite as an Efficient pH‐Universal Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Sheng , Ling Min , Jiang Bin‐Bin , Wu Fang‐Hui , Zhao Zi‐Hao , Li Xiao‐Ning , He Peng‐Fei , Wei Xian‐Wen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which can be stably operated under various conditions is highly required in realistic production. In this work, a hierarchical architecture consisting of MoS2 and Co9S8 anchored on a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) substrate was first synthesized, then by introducing blank graphene oxide (GO) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), interconnected three‐dimensional (3D) composite aerogels with high conductivity were obtained, showing a high activity for the HER, with low overpotentials (η10) at about 90 mV (0.5 M H2SO4), 176 mV (1.0 M PBS), and 102 mV (1.0 M KOH). The high performance might be caused by special hierarchical 3D structures maximally exposing the active edges of both MoS2 and Co9S8. Additionally, 3D MoS2/Co9S8/rGO‐CNTs showed a superior stability and could work stably under different conditions for more than 20 h or 1000 cycles, which is attributed to the good crystallinity after annealing, the highly symmetrical structures between Co9S8 and MoS2, and robust protection provided by the 3D carbon substrate. The results presented herein may provide an eﬀective way to develop non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for different fields including the HER.
Coordination‐Self‐Assembly Approach toward Aggregation‐Free Metal Nanoparticles in Ordered Mesoporous Carbons
Authors: Wu Wei , Yi Yikun , Wang Tao , Gao Tunan , Huo Qisheng , Song Shuyan , Li Mingtao , Qiao Zhen‐An 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultifunctional ordered mesoporous carbon materials that feature high surface area, uniform pores, good conductivity of the carbon skeletons, and specific host‐gust interactions, which are of interest for a wide variety of applications, for instance, catalysis, photonics, bioscience, and energy storage, are presented. Here, we establish a facile and generalizable “coordination‐assisted self‐assembly” for encapsulation of aggregation‐free and highly dispersed metal nanoparticles inside the mesoporous carbon frameworks. The choice of pyrogallol as phenolic resin precursor is essential for the in situ encapsulation, because the strong coordination between the three hydroxide groups of pyrogallol and metal ions favors the immobilization of transition metal into the mesopores, and then suppress the sintering of metal nanoparticles at high carbonization temperatures. The metal supported mesoporous composites possess the very high loading content of 1.25 %–7.27 %, tiny particle sizes of 4.3–15.6 nm and high surface area of 475–589 m2/g. The unique structure in deed endows high sulfur loading content in the conductive mesoporous carbon channels, and meanwhile metal nanoparticles as catalyst effectively promotes the electrochemical conversion of polysulfides, resulting in a high reversible capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability for Li−S batteries.
Cu@Cu3P Core–Shell Nanowires Attached to Nickel Foam as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Huang Xiubing , Gao Hongyi , Lu Guilong , Dong Wenjun , Wang Ge 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of highly efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts is of great importance for generating renewable energy. In this work, Cu@Cu3P core–shell nanowires grown on nickel foam (Cu@Cu3P/NF) are prepared by a novel in situ reduction of CuSO4⋅5 H2O, which forms Cu, followed by surface oxidation and low‐temperature phosphorization. The unique hierarchical architecture of Cu@Cu3P/NF integrates the advantages of enlarged surface area, fast electron transport, numerous channels for gas rapid diffusion, non‐polymer binder, and enhanced catalytic performance. Remarkably, Cu@Cu3P/NF‐50, with a molar ratio of Cu/Cu3P of around 2.63, reveals a highly efficient catalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline solution with a Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1 and a long durability of 48 h. Overpotentials as low as 218 and 302 mV are required to reach current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Furthermore, the scientific understanding and design principle of Cu@Cu3P/NF with controlled performance will encourage more research into other high‐performance, low‐cost electrocatalysts for renewable energy.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition and survival in patients with heart failure
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth , Gupta Pritha P. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Horwich Tamara B. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundStudies have shown that higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with improved prognosis in heart failure (HF), and this is often termed the obesity paradox.HypothesisAnalysis of body composition may reveal that muscle mass rather than adipose tissue accounts for the obesity paradox.MethodsBioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition in 359 outpatients with HF was performed using an In Body 520 body composition scale (Biospace Inc., California). Body fat and lean mass were indexed by height (m2). The cohort was stratified by median fat and lean mass indexed by height.ResultsThe mean age of patients studied was 56 ± 14; mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 38 ± 16%. Patients with higher indexed body fat mass had improved 5‐year survival over patients with lower indexed body fat mass (90.2% vs 80.1%, P = 0.008). There was also improved survival in patients with high vs low indexed lean body mass (89.3% vs 80.9%, P = 0.036). On multivariable analysis, higher indexed body fat mass, but not lean body mass, was independently associated with improved survival (HR 0.89, per kg/m2 increase in indexed body fat mass, P = 0.044); however, this was attenuated after adjustment for diabetes. The combination of low lean with low‐fat mass was independently associated with poor prognosis.ConclusionsOur data suggest that higher fat mass—and to a lesser extent higher lean mass—is associated with improved outcomes in HF. Further investigations of specific components of body composition and outcomes in HF are warranted.
The influence of the nylon balloon stiffness on the efficiency of the intra‐aortic balloon occlusion
Authors: Gajewski Tomasz , Szajek Krzysztof , Stȩpak Hubert , Łodygowski Tomasz , Oszkinis Grzegorz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn interventional procedures, the balloon inflation is used to occlude the artery and thus reduce bleeding. There is no practically accepted measure of the procedure efficiency. A finite element method model with state‐of‐the‐art modelling techniques was built in order to predict the occlusion levels under the influence of different balloon inflation and its material stiffness. The geometries of a healthy human thoracic aorta and an occlusion balloon were idealized. The non‐linear constitutive material of Gasser‐Ogden‐Holzapfel model was employed for the thoracic aorta; the balloon was model as the hyperelastic model. The realistic physiological blood pressure and the balloon inflation pressures were applied to simulate the different occlusion levels. The final outcome shows an important influence of the material stiffness on the balloon deformation and thus the occlusion efficiency.
Assessment of Multi‐Ion Channel Block in a Phase I Randomized Study Design: Results of the CiPA Phase I ECG Biomarker Validation Study
Authors: Vicente Jose , Zusterzeel Robbert , Johannesen Lars , Ochoa‐Jimenez Roberto , Mason Jay W. , Sanabria Carlos , Kemp Sarah , Sager Philip T. , Patel Vikram , Matta Murali K. , Liu Jiang , Florian Jeffry , Garnett Christine , Stockbridge Norman , Strauss David G. 
Published: November 2018

Balanced multi‐ion channel‐blocking drugs have low torsade risk because they block inward currents. The Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative proposes to use an in silico cardiomyocyte model to determine the presence of balanced block, and absence of heart rate corrected J‐Tpeak (J‐Tpeakc) prolongation would be expected for balanced blockers. This study included three balanced blockers in a 10‐subject‐per‐drug parallel design; lopinavir/ritonavir and verapamil met the primary end point of ΔΔJ‐Tpeakc upper bound < 10 ms, whereas ranolazine did not (upper bounds of 8.8, 6.1, and 12.0 ms, respectively). Chloroquine, a predominant blocker of the potassium channel encoded by the ether‐à‐go‐go related gene (hERG), prolonged ΔΔQTc and ΔΔJ‐Tpeakc by ≥ 10 ms. In a separate crossover design, diltiazem (calcium block) did not shorten dofetilide‐induced ΔQTc prolongation, but shortened ΔJ‐Tpeakc and prolonged ΔTpeak‐Tend. Absence of J‐Tpeakc prolongation seems consistent with balanced block; however, small sample size (10 subjects) may be insufficient to characterize concentration‐response in some cases.
Resistin is a prognostic factor for death in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kapłon‐Cieślicka Agnieszka , Tymińska Agata , Rosiak Marek , Ozierański Krzysztof , Peller Michał , Eyileten Ceren , Kondracka Agnieszka , Pordzik Justyna , Mirowska‐Guzel Dagmara , Opolski Grzegorz , Postuła Marek , Filipiak Krzysztof J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the association of leptin, resistin, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) with prognosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsAnalysis included 284 T2D patients. Apart from routine laboratory parameters, baseline leptin, resistin, and TNF‐α concentrations were measured. Patients were followed for a median of 5.4 years. The primary endpoint was all‐cause death at follow‐up. The secondary endpoint was a composite of death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke or transient ischemic attack.ResultsAt baseline, median age was 68 years, and 48% of patients were female. Data on the primary endpoint were obtained for all patients: 32 (11%) died during follow‐up. Data on the secondary endpoint were available for 230 patients, of whom 45 (20%) reached the secondary endpoint. In univariate analyses, older age, heart failure, lower‐glomerular filtration rate, and higher resistin, TNF‐α and NT‐proBNP concentrations were predictors of the study endpoints. Of these variables, only resistin remained an independent predictor of both study endpoints in multivariate models. In receiver‐operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve for resistin was 0.7. Resistin concentration of greater than or equal to 11.4 ng/mL had sensitivity of 41% and specificity of 91% for prediction of death at follow‐up (Youden's index).ConclusionsHigher resistin is associated with reduced survival in T2D, irrespectively of TNF‐α. Resistin concentration of above 11 ng/mL indicates T2D patients at an increased risk of unfavourable outcomes. Leptin was not a prognostic factor. These results suggest that in T2D, association of resistin with unfavourable outcomes might, at least in part, result from its pro‐inflammatory properties.
Possible climatic controls on the accumulation of Peru's most prominent alluvial fan: The Lima Conglomerate
Authors: Litty Camille , Schlunegger Fritz , Akçar Naki , Lanari Pierre , Christl Marcus , Vockenhuber Christof 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSediment accumulation can occur in response to a change in either tectonic or climatic driving forces. Here, we explore these controls on the deposition of the Lima Conglomerate, Peru. We use a combination of quantitative methods to explore the age of sediment accumulation, the provenance of the material and the paleo‐erosion rates recorded by these deposits. Isochron burial dating with cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al yield an age of c. 500 ka for the base (490 ± 70 ka) and the uppermost sample situated c. 30 m higher upsection (490 ± 80 ka). Results of paleo‐erosion rate estimates with concentrations of in situ 10Be show a c. 60% increase from 105 ± 10 mm ka‐1 for the base to 169 ± 14 mm ka‐1 for the uppermost sample. Finally, provenance tracing with in situ U/Pb ages on detrital zircon implies that the material has been derived from the entire drainage basin. The combination of results suggests that sediment accumulation occurred in response to an erosional pulse, which affected the entire basin within a short time interval. Because 10Be data represents a large spatial record of erosion, we exclude the possibility where a breakout of a lake or a focused release of material in response to earthquakes, were responsible for the large material flux. Instead, the erosional pulse was likely to have occurred at the scale of the entire basin, supporting the idea of a larger‐scale, most likely climate driven control. In this context, the accumulation age of c. 500 ka falls into an orbital cycle fostering the emerging picture in the literature that sediment routing in the Andes have most likely been driven by climate and cyclic changes. We suggest that the Andean mountain range offers an ideal laboratory to explore the erosional history in relation to climate patterns, at least in Peru. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freshwater chronic ammonia toxicity: A tropical-to-temperate comparison
Authors: Mooney Thomas J. , Pease Ceiwen J. , Hogan Alicia C. , Trenfield Melanie , Kleinhenz Linda S. , Humphrey Chris , van Dam Rick A. , Harford Andrew J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

The chronic toxicity of ammonia to tropical freshwater species is understudied, and thus data on temperate species have been used to derive water quality guideline values for tropical regions. Such practices may lead to underprotective guideline values due to differences in toxicities observed between tropical and temperate species. In addition, the presence of ammonia in low-ionic-strength waters may also result in higher toxicity, and studies on this factor are limited. The present study assessed the toxicity of ammonia to 6 tropical freshwater species in low-ionic-strength waters. Because ammonia toxicity varies depending on the pH and temperature, test water pH concentrations were maintained at approximately pH 6.0 ± 0.3 at temperatures between 27.5 and 30 °C. Low-effect chronic inhibition concentrations were derived for the following species: Chlorella sp. 66 mg L−1; Lemna aequinoctialis 22 mg L−1; Hydra viridissima 1.8 mg L−1; Moinodaphnia macleayi 27 mg L−1; Amerianna cumingi 17 mg L−1; and Mogurnda mogurnda 5.4 mg L−1 total ammonia nitrogen. Two of the species tested (a cnidarian and a fish species) were among the most sensitive reported anywhere within their taxonomic group. Chronic ammonia datasets representing toxicity estimates for temperate and tropical species were plotted and compared using species sensitivity distributions. The results indicate that the differences in chronic toxicity observed between tropical and temperate species were likely due to the low ionic strength of the waters to which tropical species were exposed, rather than any inherent physiological differences between species from tropical and temperate regions. This finding suggests that tropical waters of low ionic strength may be at a higher risk from ammonia compared with other freshwater ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:177–189. © 2018 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Imaging functional motor connectivity in hemiparetic children with perinatal stroke
Authors: Saunders Jennifer , Carlson Helen L. , Cortese Filomeno , Goodyear Bradley G. , Kirton Adam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPerinatal stroke causes lifelong disability, particularly hemiparetic cerebral palsy. Arterial ischemic strokes (AIS) are large, cortical, and subcortical injuries acquired near birth due to acute occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Periventricular venous infarctions (PVI) are smaller, subcortical strokes acquired prior to 34 weeks gestation involving injury to the periventricular white matter. Both stroke types can damage motor pathways, thus, we investigated resulting alterations in functional motor networks and probed function. We measured blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fluctuations at rest in 38 participants [10 arterial patients (age = 14.7 ± 4.1 years), 10 venous patients (age = 13.5 ± 3.7 years), and 18 typically developing controls (TDCs) (age = 15.3 ± 5.1 years)] and explored strength and laterality of functional connectivity in the motor network. Inclusion criteria included MRI‐confirmed, unilateral perinatal stroke, symptomatic hemiparetic cerebral palsy, and 6–19 years old at time of imaging. Seed‐based functional connectivity analyses measured temporal correlations in BOLD response over the whole brain using primary motor cortices as seeds. Laterality indices based on mean z‐scores in lesioned and nonlesioned hemispheres explored laterality. In AIS patients, significant differences in both strength and laterality of motor network connections were observed compared with TDCs. In PVI patients, motor networks largely resembled those of healthy controls, albeit slightly weaker and asymmetric, despite subcortical damage and hemiparesis. Functional connectivity strengths were not related to motor outcome scores for either stroke group. This study serves as a foundation to better understand how resting‐state fMRI can assess motor functional connectivity and potentially be applied to explore mechanisms of interventional therapies after perinatal stroke.