bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paragraph Writing: A Process Based Model
Authors: Tamang Batuk Lal 
Published: May 2018

Paragraph writing generally refers to developing a single idea on a given topic. I think teaching writing a paragraph is not a difficult task at basic and secondary levels (6-10 grades), as the students in Nepali context consider it as such. The skill used to write a paragraph could also be helpful even when one delivers speech on any of a number of topics. Writing a paragraph can be a joyful task if it follows a process-based model. This lesson focuses on teaching writing the paragraph while preparing teachers (pre-service) in post-secondary and bachelor’s level in the university to teach primarily at secondary level.Journal of NELTA , Vol. 22, No. 1-2, 2017 December, Page: 130-134
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA GURU TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH
Authors: Fauzi Anis , Duriyat Duriyat 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to investigate the teachers’ competence and work motivation, as well as the students' achievement. It is specific for Islam education teachers (PAI); PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation, and to determine the students’ learning outcomes at Madrasah Tsanawiyah according to KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang. The research instrument used are questionnaire, test and documentation. The collected data was analyzed by using quantitative data with descriptive statistics, and multiple regression analysis. After the researcher conducted the hypothesis testing, the following conclusions were obtained: First, the teachers’ competence, teachers’ work motivation, and the students’ achievement are classified as medium category. Second, there is a significant influence of PAI teachers’ competence towards the students’ achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Kabupatten Serang taking up to 5.3%. Third, there is a significant influence of PAI teachers’ work motivation towards students’ achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang as much as 15,5%. Fourth, there is a significant influence of PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation toward students' achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang at 5.5%. Finally, it can be concluded that the influence of PAI teachers’ competence and work motivation toward students' achievement at Madrasah Tsanawiyah based on KKM of MTs Negeri 1 Serang is only 5.5%.
ANALYSIS OF THE MORTALITY STRUCTURE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Shifris I. M. , Dudar I. O. , Gonchar I. I. , Krot V. F. , Krasyuk E. K. , Aleksieva N. G. , Khil M. 
Published: June 2018

Studies of the mortality structure in patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) remain relevant and are the basis for developing measures and recommendations directed to increase the lifetime of patients.
Aim. The aim was to study the assessment of death causes in patients who received programmed hemodialysis, based on the demographic and gender characteristics, the duration of dialysis treatment.
Methods. Mortality causes in 137 patients who received programmed hemodialysis from 2007 to 2011 years in Kyiv City Scientific and Practical Center of Nephrology an Dialysis were analyzed.
Results. The leading cause of death was cardiovascular complications, but their decreasing has been observed since 2008. Fatality rate in young and middle- aged women with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was almost two times higher than that of men. At the same time CVD is a predominant cause of men’s death at the age older than 44. Cerebrovascular complications were permanently in the second place of the mortality structure. About 30% of deaths occurred during the first 90 days of HD treatment, 72,5% of them were among males.
Conclusion. Gender characteristics influence the structure of death causes in patients received programmed hemodialysis depending on age.
THE STATE OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY AND MICROBIOCENOSIS OF THE GENITOURINARY TRACT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Romanenko O. , Stepanova N. , Rudenko A. , Kruglikov V. , Kornilina O. , Lebid L. , Kolesnyk M. 
Published: June 2018

The aim - to examine the state of mucosal immunity and microbiocenosis of the genitourinary tract in patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and determine their significance as risk factors of recurrences. Material and methods. In this research some 36 women mucosal immunity with recurrent PN had been investigated. Its peculiarities with the patients with recurrent PN (n=22) in comparison with relatively-healthy donors (n=12) as well as in comparison with sporadic disease (n=14). Some 16 females were investigated of biocenosis of vagina by the PLR real-time method. The material of the research was urine as well as scrapes of urethra and the cervical channel. The results of the research. The analysis of the quantity of microflora of vagina has indicated decreasing of Lactobacillus spp. In majority – 12 (75%) of the patients. During the investigations of hypostatis liquid of vagina the patients with PN, decreasing of intensity of phagocytosis of neutrophiles and macrophagus was indicated (р<0.001 and р=0.004, respectively), as well as increasing of phagocytosis activity of monocytes/macrofagus (р=0.01). The indicator of activation of neutrophiles as well as concentration Ig M surely high in the patients with S. faecalis in vagina (U=9.0; р=0,03 and ρ=0.64; р=0.007 respectively). The levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin in the urine of patients with pyelonephritis were significantly higher than those of conventionally healthy women (11.5 (1.7-27.1) vs 0.9 (0-1.2) ng/ml; р<0.001 and 5 (0-43) vs 0 (0-0)
р=0.004). sIg A concentration was significantly (p=0.008) reduced in the vagina of women with recurrent PN, whereas the level of lysozyme was significantly (p = 0.003) increased. In scrapings from the cervical canal was determined limits the intensity of spontaneous NBT reaction of neutrophils (p = 0.04).
The recurrence rate of PN was significantly correlated with number of Lactobacillus spp. in the vagina (r=-0.6244; p=0.0074), and with the intensity of the metabolic monocytes potential that were isolated from the vagina (ρ=0.53; p=0.01), and with the urinary lysozyme concentration (r=0.378; p=0.03), and with Ig G concentration of in the vaginal washings (ρ=-0,46; p=0.001).
Conclusions. Vaginal dysbiosis in patients with recurrent PN is a major cause of reducing the barrier properties of the mucosa of the urogenital tract. Imbalance of local immunity is determined a violation of functional reserve oxygen dependent metabolism of phagocytic cells and the lack of local produce sIg A and Ig G against a background of increased secretion of lysozyme in the urine and the vagina.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AND HLA-PHENOTYPE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: Kolesnyk М. , Driyanska V. , Velychko М. , Drannik G. , Nepomnyaschiy V. , Savchenko V. , Gaiseniuk F. 
Published: June 2018

It was to determine associations the serum levels ofVEGF and with HLA inpatients with chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome (CGN, NS).
Materials and methods. There was studied the serum levels of VEGF (80 patients) by ELIZA and HLA-antigens distribution in the CGN, NS patients (534) by typing the lymphocytes with the aid of standard microlymphocytotoxic test (Terasaki’s test). The diagnosis was confirmed morphologically using by nephrobiopsy.
Results. The distribution of HLA-A, В antigens of the 2 group patients having the CGN, NS with various serum levels of VEGF is shown. Associations of some HLA-antigens and high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in blood were noted.
Conclusion. High serum level VEGF and HLA-A9, A10 (25+26) and B8 in CGN, NS patients associated with steroidoresistence.
THE LEVEL OF ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES AND INDEXES OF LOCAL IMMUNITY INTHE DYNAMICS OF THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN THE PRESENCE OF HERPESVIRAL INFECTION
Authors: Kruglikov V. , Bagdasarova І. , Kruglikova І. , Kornilina Е. 
Published: June 2018

The aim of the work was to study of indicators characterizing the state of local immunity, tension of specific immunity in children with variousforms of glomerulonephritis (GN) by presence of herpesviral infection (HVI) in the dynamics oftreatment using antiviral therapy.
Materials and methods. A quantitative assessment of the content of slgA, SLPI, MCP-1 and IL-8 in the urine of 37 patients with glomerulonephritis and 10 apparently healthy individuals was conducted. In serum of blood were determined specific IgGand IgMantibodies to HSV, CMVand EBV.
Results. The most common HVI was caused by EBV (78,4%) in children with GN. The use of antiviral therapy helped to reduce the level ofspecific IgGin the blood ofchildren with GN in 86.1%of the active (reactivated) HVIand in 38,9% - below the diagnostically significant parameters. Inclusion of antiviral agents to standard therapy of GNpatients in the presence of HVI can reduce the level of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the urine, which indicates the reduction of inflammatory processes in the kidney. There was noted an increase in urine the slgA and SLPI concentrations due to antiviral treatment, but these changes were within the physiological norm, in contrast to patients who had received only standard therapy, which were determined by considerably exceeding the norm value.
Conclusion. Appointment of antiviral therapy leads to a transitionfrom active infection to the latent stage of theflow, which improves the clinical condition.
TRACE ELEMENTS CONTENTS DYNAMICS IN WHOLE BLOOD IN CHILDREN WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE RECEIVING DIALYSIS
Authors: Prodanchuk M. G. , Makarov O. O. , Sheiman B. S. , Vasileva O. G. , Bodnar G. B. 
Published: June 2018

Homeostasis disorders in kidneys damage is accompanied by the accumulation or reduction of trace elements as a component of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progression. The degree of trace elements misbalanced depends on the stage of CKD. The deep disorders are most common during renal replacement therapy (RRT), especially in children due to anatomic and physiological immaturity.
Materials and methods: We investigated the 20 trace elements blood concentrations in 42 children with CKD V D depending on RRT duration used the technique of inductive coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICPMS).
Results: There is detected significant increase of cobalt (in 3,80 times), cadmium (2,66), lead (2,44) and nickel (7,19) in patients with statistically weighty decrease in vanadium (1,49), chromium (1,62), arsenic (9,45), strontium (2,02), barium (5,29), rubidium (2,69 and zinc (1,46). It was found the increasing levels of aluminum, chromium and zinc in RRT duration enlargement (p<0,05).
Conclusions: The course of CKD V D in children is accompanied with substantial and multidirectional changes in trace elements blood levels that characterized by a predominance of accumulation processes versus elimination depending the RRT duration.
COMORBIDITY AND SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEAS STAGE 5 D
Authors: Shifris I. M. , Dudar I.O. 
Published: June 2018

Annual expansion of dialysis population, high mortality, considerable expenses on specialized medical care are evoked the medical community to research comorbidities, that undoubtedly has an influence on course of chronic kidney disease VD stage (CKD VD st.) and prognosis.
Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and structure of comorbid conditions in patients with CKDVD stage, and determinate the relation between comorbidities and survival rate in dialysis population.
Materials and methods. It was studied the prevalence and structure of comorbidities among 204 patients with CKD VD st. (125 on hemodialysis [HD], 51 on peritoneal dialysis [PD], and 28 on hemodiafiltration [HDF]). All recorded concomitant diseases with its incidence data and coand polymorbidity indices were analyzed in consideration of renal replacement therapy (RRT). The survival rates were assessed in according with indices of comorbidity by Kaplan - Mayer methodology.
Results. The performed analysis was demonstrated that in almost single patient had no mononosologicalpathology. The numbers of concomitant diseases were 3,55, 3,3 и 3,4 3,3per patient on HD, HDF and PD, respectively, without significant relation with RRT modality. In according with the study results the most common comorbid conditions, irrespective from RRT modality, were anaemia (88%), arterial hypertension (86%), and secondary hyperparathyroidism (40%). The proposed modified index of polymorbidities was revealed as the universal marker of survival rate in patients with CKD VD st.
Conclusion. Thus the considerable prevalence of comorbid conditions in population ofpatients with CKD VD st. irrespective of RRT modality has significant negative effect on prognosis.
Implikasi Pendidikan Islam Dalam Pendidikan Anak Menurut Irwan Prayitno
Authors: Candra Kirana Zuyyina 
Published: May 2018

Education for children is a principle of human happiness must begin from childhood and is the best time to learn the correct method of life. Ability to capture and follow (lessons), and the sensitivity of receiving knowledge is still very strong in children.
According to. Irwan Prayitno child is a very special figure, which in its development requires guidance and guidance from parents in order to realize the figure of a virtuous child. Educating children requires detailed description and precise data collection of the child's behavior. Data collection is needed to direct the potential in children.According to Irwan Prayitno in realizing the figure of a virtuous child, the child requires proper upbringing. According to him the proper education is education based on Islamic values. Because Islam is a perfect religion. It covers all aspects of human life. Including the issue of children's education who get a place in it, Islam is very concerned about families and children who are the basic foundation. on Islamic values as a reference in formulating the applied education.
Based on the analysis, there are many similarities between educational concepts. Irwan Prayitno with the concept of Islamic education. So indirectly education. Irwan Prayitno has a close relationship with Islamic education.
Pengaruh Rasio Likuiditas, Rasio Profitabilitas dan Rasio Pasar terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Rokok
Authors: Wijaya Evelyn 
Published: June 2018

The research on financial factors and its effect to dividend policy of Company which is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange have been carried out by several researchers, but the results showed inconsistent. This research aims to test the influence of liquidity ratio, profitability ratio, market ratio, and its effect on dividend policy of Cigarette Company. The liquidity ratio proxied by Current Ratio, profitability ratio proxied by Net Profit Margin, market ratio proxied by Earning Per Share, and dividend policy proxied by Dividend Per Share. The sample used are 3 companies, listed in IDX period of 2001-2014. Data used in this study is secondary data by using financial statements. The Data analyzed using multiple linear regression. The result showed that net profit margin has a significant effect on dividend per share whereas current ratio and earnings per share has no significant effect on dividend per share of cigarette company which listed in IDX period of 2004-2014.
Keywords : Liquidity Ratio, Profitability Ratio, Market Ratio, Dividend Policy.
Exploring the Brighter-fatter Effect with the Hyper Suprime-Cam
Authors: Coulton William R. , Armstrong Robert , Smith Kendrick M. , Lupton Robert H. , Spergel David N. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The brighter-fatter effect has been postulated to arise due to the build up of a transverse electric field, produced as photocharges accumulate in the pixels’ potential wells. We investigate the brighter-fatter effect in the Hyper Suprime-Cam by examining flat fields and moments of stars. We observe deviations from the expected linear relation in the photon transfer curve (PTC), luminosity-dependent correlations between pixels in flat-field images, and a luminosity-dependent point-spread function (PSF) in stellar observations. Under the key assumptions of translation invariance and Maxwell’s equations in the quasi-static limit, we give a first-principles proof that the effect can be parameterized by a translationally invariant scalar kernel. We describe how this kernel can be estimated from flat fields and discuss how this kernel has been used to remove the brighter-fatter distortions in Hyper Suprime-Cam images. We find that our correction restores the expected linear relation in the PTCs and significantly reduces, but does not completely remove, the luminosity dependence of the PSF over a wide range of magnitudes.
Very short-term forecast of near-coastal flow using scanning lidars
Authors: Valldecabres Laura , Peña Alfredo , Courtney Michael , von Bremen Lueder , Kühn Martin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Wind measurements can reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of wind energy
production. Today, commercially available scanning lidars can scan the
atmosphere up to several kilometres. Here, we use lidar measurements to
forecast near-coastal winds with lead times of 5 min. Using Taylor's frozen
turbulence hypothesis together with local topographic corrections, we
demonstrate that wind speeds at a downstream position can be forecast by
using measurements from a scanning lidar performed upstream in a very
short-term horizon. The study covers 10 periods characterised by neutral and
stable atmospheric conditions. Our methodology shows smaller forecasting
errors than those of the persistence method and the autoregressive integrated
moving average (ARIMA) model.
We discuss the applicability of this forecasting technique with regards to
the characteristics of the lidar trajectories, the site-specific conditions
and the atmospheric stability.
Towards Enhanced Tax Compliance in Kenya
Authors: LIO SAN , MIRICHII JOHN 
Published: May 2018

Tax is the bottom line source of revenue for the world’s governments. Taxation is the only known realistic means of collecting resources to finance public expenditure. This study aims at unraveling efficient mechanisms to be employed in Kenya to enhance income tax compliance to boost tax revenue for the current and future governments. With the new governance structure of forty seven county governments in place following the promulgation of the new constitution 2010, this exercise is timely. The study will make use of both secondary and primary sources of data in eliciting the required information necessary for the research findings. The sample size will be made up of twenty companies drawn from different sectors of the Kenyan economy operating within the Nairobi County.The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20is used in the data analysis and presentation of findings. The overall finding is that a tax system should be simple, withstraightforward rules for lay citizens to understand and at the same time guarantee that the cost of tax collection and administration is not higher than the actual tax revenue raised.The research findings lead to a conclusion that multiple rates of income tax, varied dates of making tax returns and a bulky legal tax framework make income tax compliance unforeseeable in Kenya.
2018/2 Court of Appeal restores burden of proof test in discrimination cases (UK)
Authors: Williams Kayleigh 
Published: May 2018

2018/2 Court of Appeal restores burden of proof test in discrimination cases (UK)
The Court of Appeal has overruled the recent Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT) decision in Efobi – v – Royal Mail [2017] IRLR 956 (reported in EELC 2017/41), restoring the previous position that a claimant in a discrimination case has the initial burden of proof – which ‘shifts’ to the respondent to provide an explanation of why its conduct was non-discriminatory if a prima facie case is proven.The Court of Appeal disagreed with Mrs Justice Elisabeth Laing’s ruling in Efobi, that section136 of the Equality Act 2010 had made a substantial change to the law when it was introduced, on the basis that it could not be fair that a respondent should have to discharge the burden of proof without the claimant first showing that there is a case to be answered. Lord Singh ruled that it could not have been Parliament’s intention to remove this initial burden of proof when it enacted the Equality Act.
2018/3 Limitation period for compensation claim on grounds of discrimination (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul , Voigt Jana 
Published: May 2018

2018/3 Limitation period for compensation claim on grounds of discrimination (GE)
An acquired mother tongue is – at least indirectly – connected to a person’s origin and therefore also linked to ethnic origin. Claims based on the German General Equal Treatment Act (Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz, the ‘AGG’) must be brought in writing within two months after knowledge of a possible discrimination. Time only starts to run for claims after the employer has provided an unsuccessful job applicant with a clear and definite statement that he or she has been rejected. The limitation period under the AGG will not be triggered by lapse of time only.
2018/5 Evidence from long-term keylogger surveillance cannot be used in a dismissal lawsuit (GE)
Authors: Schreiner Paul 
Published: May 2018

2018/5 Evidence from long-term keylogger surveillance cannot be used in a dismissal lawsuit (GE)
The German federal court for labour law matters, the Bundesarbeitsgericht (the ‘BAG’), has held that evidence cannot be used in a dismissal lawsuit if the employer has obtained it from long-term surveillance using keylogger-software. Employers must not keep their employees under constant surveillance and must therefore expect their legal position to be weak if they try to dismiss an employee based on findings from such monitoring. The court ruling preceded the ECtHR Barbulescu ruling of 5 September 2017 (featured in EELC 2017/4) in a similar case.
2018/6 Dismissals anticipating a transfer of undertaking validated (HU)
Authors: Ormai Gabriella 
Published: May 2018

2018/6 Dismissals anticipating a transfer of undertaking validated (HU)
The Hungarian Supreme Court has held that within the context of the transfer of an undertaking, the transferee can terminate employment relationships immediately after the transfer for operational reasons and can commence preparations to that effect before the transfer.
2018/10 Liability for not reacting in time to ECJ decision regarding holiday pay (DK)
Authors: Clasen Christian K. 
Published: May 2018

2018/10 Liability for not reacting in time to ECJ decision regarding holiday pay (DK)
The Danish Supreme Court has ruled that the Danish authorities may have incurred liability by failing to act sufficiently quickly to amend the Danish Holiday Act to align it with EU law.