bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcription factor profiling identifies Sox9 as regulator of proliferation and differentiation in corneal epithelial stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Menzel-Severing Johannes , Zenkel Matthias , Polisetti Naresh , Sock Elisabeth , Wegner Michael , Kruse Friedrich E. , Schlötzer-Schrehardt Ursula 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUnderstanding transcription factor (TF) regulation of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs) may aid in using non-ocular cells to regenerate the corneal surface. This study aimed to identify and characterize TF genes expressed specifically in LEPCs isolated from human donor eyes by laser capture microdissection. Using a profiling approach, preferential limbal expression was found for SoxE and SoxF genes, particularly for Sox9, which showed predominantly cytoplasmic localization in basal LEPCs and nuclear localization in suprabasal and corneal epithelial cells, indicating nucleocytoplasmic translocation and activation during LEPC proliferation and differentiation. Increased nuclear localization of Sox9 was also observed in activated LEPCs following clonal expansion and corneal epithelial wound healing. Knockdown ofSOX9expression in cultured LEPCs by RNAi led to reduced expression of progenitor cell markers, e.g. keratin 15, and increased expression of differentiation markers, e.g. keratin 3. Furthermore,SOX9silencing significantly suppressed the proliferative capacity of LEPCs and reduced levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3ß), a negative regulator of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Sox9 expression, in turn, was significantly suppressed by treatment of LEPCs with exogenous GSK-3ß inhibitors and enhanced by small molecule inhibitors of Wnt signaling. Our results suggest that Sox9 and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling cooperate in mutually repressive interactions to achieve a balance between quiescence, proliferation and differentiation of LEPCs in the limbal niche. Future molecular dissection of Sox9-Wnt interaction and mechanisms of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Sox9 may aid in improving the regenerative potential of LEPCs and the reprogramming of non-ocular cells for corneal surface regeneration.
Layer-by-layer hybrid chemical doping for high transmittance uniformity in graphene-polymer flexible transparent conductive nanocomposite
Authors: Biswas Chandan , Candan Idris , Alaskar Yazeed , Qasem Hussam , Zhang Wei , Stieg Adam Z. , Xie Ya-Hong , Wang Kang L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA traditional transparent conducting film (TCF) such as indium tin oxide (ITO) exhibits poor mechanical flexibility and inconsistent transmittance throughout the UV-VIS-NIR spectrum. Recent TCFs like graphene films exhibit high sheet resistance (Rs) due to defect induced carrier scattering. Here we show a unique hybrid chemical doping method that results in high transmittance uniformity in a layered graphene-polymer nanocomposite with suppressed defect-induced carrier scattering. This layer-by-layer hybrid chemical doping results in low Rs (15 Ω/sq at >90% transmittance) and 3.6% transmittance uniformity (300–1000 nm) compared with graphene (17%), polymer (8%) and ITO (46%) films. The weak localization effect in our nanocomposite was reduced to 0.5%, compared with pristine (4.25%) and doped graphene films (1.2%). Furthermore, negligible Rs change (1.2 times compared to 12.6 × 103 times in ITO) and nearly unaltered transmittance spectra were observed up to 24 GPa of applied stress highlighting mechanical flexibility of the nanocomposite film.
Gestational exposure to chlordecone promotes transgenerational changes in the murine reproductive system of males
Authors: Gely-Pernot Aurore , Hao Chunxiang , Legoff Louis , Multigner Luc , D’Cruz Shereen Cynthia , Kervarrec Christine , Jégou Bernard , Tevosian Sergei , Smagulova Fatima 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental factors can affect epigenetic events during germline reprogramming and impose distinctive transgenerational consequences onto the offspring. In this study, we examined the transgenerational effects of chlordecone (CD), an organochlorine insecticide with well-known estrogenic properties. We exposed pregnant mice to CD from embryonic day 6.5 to 15.5 and observed a reduction in spermatogonia (SG) numbers in F3, meiotic defects in spermatocytes and decrease in spermatozoa number in the first and third generation of male progeny. The RNA qRT-PCR expression analysis in F1 and transcriptomics analysis in F3 males using the whole testes revealed changes in the expression of genes associated with chromosome segregation, cell division and DNA repair. The expression of the master regulator of pluripotency, Pou5f1, decreased in foetal and increased in adult F1, but not in F3 adult testes. Analysis of histone H3K4me3 distribution revealed widespread changes in its occupancy in the genome of F1 and F3 generations. We established that 7.1% of altered epigenetic marks were conserved between F1 and F3 generations. The overlapping changes common to F1 and F3 include genes implicated in cell adhesion and transcription factor activities functions. Differential peaks observed in F1 males are significantly enriched in predicted ESR1 binding sites, some of which we confirmed to be functional. Our data demonstrate that CD-mediated impairment of reproductive functions could be transmitted to subsequent generations.
A signal-to-noise paradox in climate science
Authors: Scaife Adam A. , Smith Doug 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe review the growing evidence for a widespread inconsistency between the low strength of predictable signals in climate models and the relatively high level of agreement they exhibit with observed variability of the atmospheric circulation. This discrepancy is particularly evident in the climate variability of the Atlantic sector, where ensemble predictions using climate models generally show higher correlation with observed variability than with their own simulations, and higher correlations with observations than would be expected from their small signal-to-noise ratios, hence a ‘signal-to-noise paradox’. This unusual behaviour has been documented in multiple climate prediction systems and in the response to a number of different sources of climate variability. However, we also note that the total variance in the models is often close in magnitude to the observed variance, and so it is not a simple matter of models containing too much variability. Instead, the proportion of Atlantic climate variance that is predictable in climate models appears to be too weak in amplitude by a factor of two, or perhaps more. In this review, we provide a range of examples from existing studies to build the case for a problem that is common across different climate models, common to several different sources of climate variability and common across a range of timescales. We also discuss the wider implications of this intriguing paradox.
Does Speaker Race Affect the Assessment of Children's Speech Accuracy? A Comparison of Speech-Language Pathologists and Clinically Untrained Listeners
Authors: Evans Karen E. , Munson Benjamin , Edwards Jan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose

Some pronunciation patterns that are normal in 1 dialect might represent an error in another dialect (i.e., [koʊl] for
cold,
which is typical in African American English [AAE] but an error in many other dialects of English). This study examined whether trained speech-language pathologists and untrained listeners accommodate for presumed speaker dialect when rating children's productions of words. This study also explored whether effects of presumed race on perceived speech accuracy are mediated by individuals' knowledge and beliefs about AAE and their implicit attitudes about race.

Method
Multiple groups of listeners rated the accuracy of a set of children's productions of words that have a distinct pronunciation in AAE. These were presented in 1 of 3 conditions: paired with no visual stimulus (to assess baseline accuracy) or paired with either African American children's faces (to suggest that the speaker uses AAE) or European American children's faces (to suggest that the speaker does not use AAE). Listeners also completed a set of measures of knowledge and attitudes about AAE and race, taken from previous studies.

Results
Individuals in both groups rated children's productions more accurately when they were presented with African American children's faces than when paired with European American faces. The magnitude of this effect was generally similar across the 2 groups and was generally strongest for words that had been judged in the baseline condition to contain an error. None of the individual-differences measures predicted ratings.

Conclusions
Assumptions about speaker attributes affect individuals' assessment of children's production accuracy. These effects are robust across trained and untrained listeners and cannot be predicted by existing measures of knowledge and attitudes about AAE and race.
Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets
Authors: Lee E. K. H. , Blecic J. , Helling Ch. 
Published: July 2018

Context.The cloud formation process starts with the formation of seed particles, after which, surface chemical reactions grow or erode the cloud particles. If seed particles do not form, or are not available by another means, an atmosphere is unable to form a cloud complex and will remain cloud free.Aims.We aim to investigate which materials may form cloud condensation seeds in the gas temperature and pressure regimes (Tgas= 100–2000 K,pgas= 10−8–100 bar) expected to occur in planetary and brown dwarf atmospheres.Methods.We have applied modified classical nucleation theory which requires surface tensions and vapour pressure data for each solid species, which are taken from the literature. Input gas phase number densities are calculated assuming chemical equilibrium at solar metallicity.Results.We calculated the seed formation rates of TiO2[s] and SiO[s] and find that they efficiently nucleate at high temperatures ofTgas= 1000–1750 K. Cr[s], KCl[s] and NaCl[s] are found to efficiently nucleate across an intermediate temperature range ofTgas= 500–1000 K. We find CsCl[s] may serve as the seed particle for the water cloud layers in cool sub-stellar atmospheres. The nucleation rates of four low temperature ice species (Tgas= 100–250 K), H2O[s/l], NH3[s], H2S[s/l], and CH4[s], are also investigated for the coolest sub-stellar and planetary atmospheres.Conclusions.Our results suggest a possibly (Tgas,pgas) distributed hierarchy of seed particle formation regimes throughout the substellar and planetary atmospheric temperature-pressure space. With TiO2[s] providing seed particles for the most refractory cloud formation species (e.g. Al2O3[s], Fe[s], MgSiO3[s], Mg2SiO4[s]), Cr[s] providing the seed particles for MnS[s], Na2S[s], and ZnS[s] sulfides, and K/Na/Rb/Cs/NH4-Cl binding solid species providing the seed particles for H2O[s/l] and NH4-H2PO4/SH[s] clouds.A detached, high-altitude aerosol layer may form in some sub-stellar atmospheres from the nucleation process, dependent on the upper atmosphere temperature, pressure and availability of volatile elements. In order to improve the accuracy of the nucleation rate calculation, further research into the small cluster thermochemical data for each cloud species is warranted. The validity of these seed particle scenarios will be tested by applying it to more complete cloud models in the future.
Taxonomic classification of asteroids based on MOVIS near-infrared colors
Authors: Popescu M. , Licandro J. , Carvano J. M. , Stoicescu R. , de León J. , Morate D. , Boacă I. L. , Cristescu C. P. 
Published: July 2018

Context.The MOVIS catalog contains the largest set of near-infrared (NIR) colors for solar system objects. These data were obtained from the observations performed by VISTA-VHS survey using theY,J,H, andKsfilters. The taxonomic classification of objects in this catalog allows us to obtain large-scale distributions for the asteroidal population, to study faint objects, and to select targets for detailed spectral investigations.Aims.We aim to provide a taxonomic classification for asteroids observed by VISTA-VHS survey. We derive a method for assigning a compositional type to an object based on its (Y−J), (J−Ks), and (H−Ks) colors.Methods.We present a taxonomic classification for 18 265 asteroids from the MOVIS catalog, using a probabilistic method and thek-nearest neighbors algorithm. Because our taxonomy is based only on NIR colors, several classes from Bus-DeMeo were clustered into groups and a slightly different notation was used: i.e., the superscript indicates that the classification was obtained based on the NIR colors and the subscript indicates possible misidentifications with other types. Our results are compared with the information provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).Results.The two algorithms used in this study give a taxonomic type for all objects having at least (Y−J) and (J−Ks) observed colors. A final classification is reported for a set of 6496 asteroids based on the criteria thatkNN and probabilistic algorithms gave the same result, and the color errors are within the limits (Y−J)err≤ 0.118 and (J−Ks)err≤ 0.136. This set includes 144 bodies classified asBkni, 613 asCni, 197 asCgxni, 91 asXtni, 440 asDsni, 665 asKlni, 233 asAdni, 3315 asSni, and 798 asVni. We report the albedo distribution for each taxonomic group and we compute new median values for the main types. We found that V-type and A-type candidates have identical size frequency distributions, but V types are five times more common than A types. Several particular cases, such as the A-type asteroid (11616) 1996 BQ2 and the S-type (3675) Kematsch, both in the Cybele population, are discussed.
Arbeitsbezogene Leistungsdiagnostik mit dem Sapphire-System®: Konsistenzbewertung und Schmerzverhalten unter Berücksichtigung des Erwerbsstatus
Authors: Geissler Norbert , Andreeva Elena , Moesch Wilhelm , Gutenbrunner Christoph 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Studie analysiert Schmerzverhalten und Ergebniskonsistenz im Rahmen der arbeitsbezogenen Leistungsdiagnostik mit dem FCE-Assessmentsystem Sapphire®.
Methodik Insgesamt wurden 129 stationäre orthopädische Rehabilitanden untersucht. Die Probanden wurden nach den Sapphire-Testergebnissen in 4 Gruppen unterteilt: (1) auffälliges Schmerzverhalten ohne Inkonsistenz, (2) Inkonsistenz ohne Selbstlimitierung durch Schmerz, (3) Schmerzverhalten mit Testinkonsistenz (komplexe Auffälligkeiten) und (4) keine Auffälligkeiten von Schmerzverhalten und Testkonsistenz (Referenzgruppe). Mittels multinomialer logistischer Regressionsanalysen wurden die Faktoren bestimmt, die mit dem Auftreten der Auffälligkeiten zusammenhängen.
Ergebnisse Das Rentenbegehren erwies sich als Kernprädiktor von negativer Befundverzerrung mit auffälligem Schmerzverhalten. Es ergab sich kein Zusammenhang mit dem Rentenwunsch bei alleiniger Auffälligkeit des Schmerzverhaltens.
Schlussfolgerung Konsistenz- und Schmerzverhaltensanalyse erwiesen sich als nützliche Instrumente, um negative Befundverzerrungen und mögliche Schmerzbewältigungsstörungen zu identifizieren. Weitere Forschung zur Klärung der Schmerzbewältigungs- und Motivationsproblematik bei Personen mit auffälligen Testergebnissen erscheint vielversprechend.
Lepra
Authors: Effendy Isaak 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungLepra ist eine chronische bakterielle Infektionskrankheit durch Mycobacterium leprae, derzeit leiden weltweit circa 3 Mio. Personen daran. Lepra ist nicht hoch kontagiös, für die Übertragung steht die Tröpfcheninfektion im Vordergrund. Die vielfältigen klinischen Symptome sind durch den Immunstatus des Betroffenen, die aktuelle Bakterienladung sowie Bestandsdauer der Krankheit vor der Diagnosestellung bestimmt. Zwecks Behandlungsstrategie wird die Krankheit in bakterienarme (tuberkuloid, borderline-tuberkuloid) und bakterienreiche (borderline-borderline, borderline-lepromatöse und lepromatöse) Formen unterteilt. Erregernachweis erfolgt durch mikroskopisches Direktpräparat, Histopathologie beziehungsweise mittels PCR. Die Kombinationstherapie mit Dapson, Rifampicin und Clofazimin gilt als Standard (WHO).
Evaluation of Myocardial Damage After Electroconvulsive Therapy: Analyses of High-Sensitive Cardiac Troponin I and N-Terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Kranaster Laura , Badstübner Johanna , Aksay Suna , Bumb Jan , Suliman Rayan , Neumaier Michael , Sartorius Alexander 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a remarkably safe procedure. However, there might exist a subgroup of patients with an increased risk for cardiovascular events. The cardiac-specific enzymes high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hscTnI) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were measured before and after ECT in 23 patients. No relevant increase of hscTnI after ECT was found. Mean NT-proBNP levels were higher after ECT and in three patients a new NT-proBNP elevation after ECT was identified. In conclusion, our small study did not find any evidence for myocardial damage due to ECT by measuring hsTnI, but an increase of NT-proBNP, whose clinical relevance could only be speculated, yet.
Recent Advances in the Applications of Triethylsilane in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Soural Miroslav , Ručilová Veronika 
Published: July 2018

The synthesis of pharmacologically relevant scaffolds is an important goal in modern organic chemistry. For this reason, the use of methodologies involving operationally simple procedures and easily handled reagents to chemoselectively and stereoselectively convert different functionalities has gained considerable attention. In this review, we summarize the latest trends in reductive reactions using triethyl­silane as the key reagent that provide synthetically interesting intermediates, coupling products and structures with control of the 3D architecture.1	Introduction2	Scenario A: Reduction of C–C Multiple Bonds3	Scenario B: Reduction of Functional Groups4	Scenario C: Reductive Coupling5	Scenario D: Reductive Cyclization6	Conclusion
Effects of Alcohol Withdrawal on Responses of Platelets from Alcoholics - A Study Using Platelet-Rich Plasma from Blood Anticoagulated with D-Phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginyl Chloromethyl Ketone (FPRCH2CI)
Authors: Rand Margaret L , Neiman Jack , Jakowec Donna M , Packham Marian A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelet responses stimulated by a range of concentrations of ADP or collagen were studied in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from alcoholics 24-36 h and 6 days after cessation of drinking, and in PRP from age- and sex-matched controls. The studies were done using plasma from blood anticoagulated with the specific thrombin inhibitor D-pheny1a1any1-T,-prolyl-L-arginyl chloromethyl ketone (FPRCH2Cl, PPACK); the use of this compound permits the study of platelet responses in plasma at physiological concentrations of ionized calcium. Responses of platelets to ADP (primary aggregation) and collagen (aggregation, secretion of [14C]serotonin from prelabelled platelets, and thromboxane formation) were lower in alcoholics 24-36 h after withdrawal of alcohol compared with controls. This inhibition of platelet function was not due to the presence of alcohol in the blood of the alcoholics. Aggregation in response to ADP did not change during the withdrawal period studied, while collagen-induced aggregation and secretion increased significantly and collagen-induced thromboxane formation tended to increase towards control values. The reduced platelet responses observed in alcoholics and the different rates of “recovery” of different pathways of aggregation towards control values must be due to alterations either in the platelets themselves and/or in the plasma brought about by the chronic presence of ethanol, and its withdrawal.
Comparison of the Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Effects of Synthetic Thrombin and Factor Xa Inhibitors
Authors: Hauptmann J , Kaiser B , Nowak G , Stürzebecher J , Markwardt F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe anticoagulant effect of selected synthetic inhibitors of thrombin and factor Xa was studied in vitro in commonly used clotting assays. The concentrations of the compounds doubling the clotting time in the various assays were mainly dependent on their thrombin inhibitory activity. Factor Xa inhibitors were somewhat more effective in prolonging the prothrombin time compared to the activated partial thromboplastin time, whereas
the opposite was true of thrombin inhibitors.In vivo, in a venous stasis thrombosis model and a thromboplastin-induced microthrombosis model in rats the thrombin inhibitors were effective antithrombotically whereas factor Xa inhibitors of numerically similar IQ value for the respective enzyme were not effective at equimolar dosageThe results are discussed in the light of the different prelequisiles and conditions for inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa in the course of blood clotting.
Enhanced Effective Fibrinolysis following the Neutralization of Heparin in Open Heart Surgery Increases the Risk of Post-Surgical Bleeding
Authors: Gram Jørgen , Janetzko Thomas , Jespersen Jørgen , Bruhn Hans Dietrich 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe tissue-type plasminogen activator related fibrinolytic system was studied in 24 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin was followed during and after surgery by means of new sensitive and specific assays and the changes were related to the blood loss measured in the chest tube drain during the first 24 postoperative hours. Although tissue-type plasminogen activator was significantly released into the circulation during the period of extracor-poreal circulation (p <0.01), constantly low levels of fibrinogen degradation products indicated that a systemic generation of plasmin could be controlled by the naturally occurring inhibitors. Following extracorporeal circulation heparin was neutralized by protamine chloride, and in relation to the subsequent generation of fibrin, there was a short period with increased concentrations of fibrinogen degradation products (p <0.01) and a prolonged period of degradation of cross-linked fibrin, as detected by increased concentrations of D-Dimer until 24 h after surgery (p <0.01). Patients with a higher than the median blood loss (520 ml) in the chest tube drain had a significantly higher increase of D-Dimer than patients with a lower than the median blood loss (p <0.05).We conclude that the incorporation of tissue-type plasminogen activator into fibrin and the in situ activation of plasminogen enhance local fibrinolysis, thereby increasing the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing open heart surgery
The Conformation Changes of the Finger Domain of Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator during the Activator-lnhibitor Reaction
Authors: Wilczyńska Malgorzata , Cierniewski Czeslaw S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA peptide fragment of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) corresponding to amino acid residues 4-8 (tPA4−8) was synthesized, coupled to thyroglobulin and injected into rabbits. Antibodies specific to the peptide tPA4−8 were purified immunochemically on the pentapeptide coupled to CNBr-Sepha rose 4B. Anti-tPA4−8 antibodies, reacted with iodinated peptide tPA4−8, showing a relatively high binding affinity (KD = 2.3 × 10−8)There was no interaction between anti-tPA4 − 8 antibodies and native one- or two-chain tPA. However, reduction of disulfide bonds unmasked the epitope on the heavy chain of tPA which became accessible to anti-tPA4−8 antibodies. Similarly, complex-ing of tPA with Α1arantitrypsin inhibitor resulted in unmasking of the epitope formed by amino acid residues in the positions 4-8.Presented data suggest that complexing of tPA with inhibitors results in conformational changes occurring in the “finger” domain of tPA molecule and such conformational transition can be detected by antipeptide antibodies. Therefore, anti-tPA4−8 antibodies may be employed as sequence-specific reporter molecules to monitor local conformational changes in tPA molecule.