bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biophysics, ecology, and biogeochemistry of functionally diverse, vertically and horizontally heterogeneous ecosystems: the Ecosystem Demography model, version 2.2 – Part 2: Model evaluation for tropical South America
Authors: Longo Marcos , Knox Ryan G. , Levine Naomi M. , Swann Abigail L. S. , Medvigy David M. , Dietze Michael C. , Kim Yeonjoo , Zhang Ke , Bonal Damien , Burban Benoit , Camargo Plínio B. , Hayek Matthew N. , Saleska Scott R. , da Silva Rodrigo , Bras Rafael L. , Wofsy Steven C. , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The Ecosystem Demography model version 2.2 (ED-2.2) is a terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the biophysical, ecological, and biogeochemical dynamics of vertically and horizontally heterogeneous terrestrial ecosystems. In a companion paper (Longo et al., 2019a), we described how the model solves the energy, water, and carbon cycles, and verified the high degree of conservation of these properties in long-term simulations that include long-term (multi-decadal) vegetation dynamics. Here, we present a detailed assessment of the model's ability to represent multiple processes associated with the biophysical and biogeochemical cycles in Amazon forests. We use multiple measurements from eddy covariance towers, forest inventory plots, and regional remote-sensing products to assess the model's ability to represent biophysical, physiological, and ecological processes at multiple timescales, ranging from subdaily to century long. The ED-2.2 model accurately describes the vertical distribution of light, water fluxes, and the storage of water, energy, and carbon in the canopy air space, the regional distribution of biomass in tropical South America, and the variability of biomass as a function of environmental drivers. In addition, ED-2.2 qualitatively captures several emergent properties of the ecosystem found in observations, specifically observed relationships between aboveground biomass, mortality rates, and wood density; however, the slopes of these relationships were not accurately captured. We also identified several limitations, including the model's tendency to overestimate the magnitude and seasonality of heterotrophic respiration and to overestimate growth rates in a nutrient-poor tropical site. The evaluation presented here highlights the potential of incorporating structural and functional heterogeneity within biomes in Earth system models (ESMs) and to realistically represent their impacts on energy, water, and carbon cycles. We also identify several priorities for further model development.
Commemorating the 1919 Steel Strike: An Interview with John Czelen
Authors: Witwer David , Shopes Linda , Ries Linda A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
To mark the centennial of the Steel Strike of 1919, the authors present here an edited transcript of an interview with Monessen resident John Czelen, a local labor leader. In 1973 historian John Bodnar of the Pennsylvania Historical Museum Commission interviewed him about his memories of the strike. Only five years old at the time, Czelen recalls seeing Coal and Iron Police beat striking members. He also recounts his father's memories of the strike, informed by his own knowledge of labor history. Anthony Serrino, also a Monessen resident, offers his stories. Historian David Witwer presents an overview of the strike, placing the interview in context.
Zekerheidsrechten op een aandeel in (een goed van) de gemeenschap van nalatenschap
Authors: Perrick S. 
Published: October 2019

Zekerheidsrechten op een aandeel in (een goed van) de gemeenschap van nalatenschap
Een deelgenoot in een gemeenschap van nalatenschap kan zijn aandeel in de gehele gemeenschap niet verpanden. In deze bijdrage bespreekt de auteur de mogelijkheid en de gevolgen van het vestigen van een zekerheidsrecht op een aandeel in een gemeenschappelijk goed afzonderlijk. Hij verduidelijkt de betekenis van de wettelijke regelingen, die een redelijk hoog abstractieniveau hebben, mede aan de hand van voorbeelden.
Nietigverklaring van een testament bij leven van de testateur
Authors: ter Haar J.H.M. 
Published: October 2019

Nietigverklaring van een testament bij leven van de testateur
Onlangs verklaarde de rechter een uiterste wil nietig. Het bijzondere aan de uitspraak was dat de testateur nog leefde. In een andere recente zaak werd een verzoek om een testament bij leven van de testateur nietig te verklaren afgewezen. In deze bijdrage worden beide uitspraken naast elkaar gezet. Er wordt ingegaan op de vraag in hoeverre het wenselijk is dat een uiterste wil nog tijdens leven van een testateur nietig verklaard kan worden.
Verslag jaarvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht 2019
Authors: Kooijman G. 
Published: October 2019

Verslag jaarvergadering Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht 2019. Ongezond gedrag: de rol van het recht
Verslag van de 51e jaarvergadering van de Vereniging voor Gezondheidsrecht in het teken van ongezond gedrag en de rol van het recht, met daarin, na het huishoudelijke gedeelte, de presentatie en de verdediging van de drie preadviesdelen en een voordracht over overheidsbemoeienis en het sturen op gezond gedrag.
Q-Switched 2 Micron Solid-State Lasers and Their Applications
Authors: Yang Kejian , Yang Yaling , He Jingliang , Zhao Shengzhi 
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, we overview the Q-switched 2 μm solid-state laser development achieved in recent years, including flash- and diode-pumped solid-state lasers based on active and passive modulators. In summary, active Q-switching is still the first choice for obtaining large pulse energy at 2 μm currently, while passive Q-switching based on saturable absorbers (SAs), especially the newly emerging broadband low-dimension nanomaterial, is becoming promising approach in generating Q-switched 2 μm lasers specially with high repetition rate, although the output power, pulse duration, and pulse energy needs further enhancement. Besides, some important applications of 2 μm lasers, such as medicine, laser radar, and infrared directional interference, have also been introduced in brief.
El caso de los cerebros de la Pedraja: Ciencias forenses y memoria histórica en España
Authors: Etxeberria Francisco , Serrulla Fernando 
Published: October 2019

Se presentan las claves de la intervención forense como manera de obtener pruebas formales aplicables a las reivindicaciones de la memoria histórica en España a partir del año 2000 en el marco general de los derechos humanos en los que se insertan. Para atender esta demanda social existen medios humanos y materiales suficientes, pero se requiere el impulso de todas las administraciones públicas. A modo de ejemplo presentamos el inusual fenómeno de conservación de cerebros de la fosa común de La Pedraja 1. El estudio de estos cerebros ha permitido conocer la posible existencia de lesiones previas a la muerte. Una forma de profundizar en la investigación forense ochenta años después de ocurridos los hechos.
Economic Evaluation of Damage Accrual in an International Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Inception Cohort Using a Multistate Model Approach
Authors: Barber Megan R. W. , Hanly John G. , Su Li , Urowitz Murray B. , St. Pierre Yvan , Romero‐Diaz Juanita , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang‐Cheol , Bernatsky Sasha , Wallace Daniel J. , Merrill Joan T. , Isenberg David A. , Rahman Anisur , Ginzler Ellen M. , Petri Michelle , Bruce Ian N. , Dooley Mary A. , Fortin Paul R. , Gladman Dafna D. , Sanchez‐Guerrero Jorge , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Khamashta Munther A. , Aranow Cynthia , Mackay Meggan , Alarcón Graciela S. , Manzi Susan , Nived Ola , Jönsen Andreas , Zoma Asad A. , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Ramos‐Casals Manuel , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Lim S. Sam , Kalunian Kenneth C. , Inanc Murat , Kamen Diane L. , Peschken Christine A. , Jacobsen Søren , Askanase Anca , Farewell Vernon , Stoll Thomas , Buyon Jill , Clarke Ann E. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data regarding health care costs associated with damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus. The present study was undertaken to describe costs associated with damage states across the disease course using multistate modeling.MethodsPatients from 33 centers in 11 countries were enrolled in the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) inception cohort within 15 months of diagnosis. Annual data on demographics, disease activity, damage (SLICC/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]), hospitalizations, medications, dialysis, and selected procedures were collected. Ten‐year cumulative costs (Canadian dollars) were estimated by multiplying annual costs associated with each SDI state by the expected state duration using a multistate model.ResultsA total of 1,687 patients participated; 88.7% were female, 49.0% were white, mean ± SD age at diagnosis was 34.6 ± 13.3 years, and mean time to follow‐up was 8.9 years (range 0.6–18.5 years). Mean annual costs were higher for those with higher SDI scores as follows: $22,006 (Canadian) (95% confidence interval [95% CI] $16,662, $27,350) for SDI scores ≥5 versus $1,833 (95% CI $1,134, $2,532) for SDI scores of 0. Similarly, 10‐year cumulative costs were higher for those with higher SDI scores at the beginning of the 10‐year interval as follows: $189,073 (Canadian) (95% CI $142,318, $235,827) for SDI scores ≥5 versus $21,713 (95% CI $13,639, $29,788) for SDI scores of 0.ConclusionPatients with the highest SDI scores incur 10‐year cumulative costs that are ~9‐fold higher than those with the lowest SDI scores. By estimating the damage trajectory and incorporating annual costs, data on damage can be used to estimate future costs, which is critical knowledge for evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of novel therapies.
A Dual‐Functional Graphene‐Based Self‐Alarm Health‐Monitoring E‐Skin
Authors: Chen Xianping , Luo Feng , Yuan Min , Xie Dingli , Shen Li , Zheng Kai , Wang Zeping , Li Xiandong , Tao Lu‐Qi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiseases such as cardiovascular problems and sleep apnea cause mass deaths annually due to a lack of timely and portable monitoring and alarm measures. Various wearable devices for health monitoring have been intensely researched to reduce mortality. However, these devices themselves can only detect physiological signals; they cannot sound an alarm. Therefore, they must rely on mobile phones or other peripheral devices such as speakers or vibration motors to sound an alarm, which may result in a patient missing the optimal treatment. It is valuable to develop a self‐alarm health monitoring device with the dual functions of physiological signal detection and sound alarm simultaneously. A one‐step laser‐induced graphene (LIG)‐based electronic skin (E‐skin) is fabricated to perform health monitoring and alarm at the same time, which benefit from its both excellent mechanical and acoustical performance. These customized shutter‐patterned E‐skins have an ultrahigh sensitivity of 316.3 and can detect various biosignals such as wrist pulse, respiratory, etc. They also have a self‐alarm function and can sound an alarm when detecting abnormal situations. This study addresses the multifunctional integration required for multisensors, which will open further applications in wearable sensors and health‐care devices.
Conformable Hybrid Systems for Implantable Bioelectronic Interfaces
Authors: Fallegger Florian , Schiavone Giuseppe , Lacour Stéphanie P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConformable bioelectronic systems are promising tools that may aid the understanding of diseases, alleviate pathological symptoms such as chronic pain, heart arrhythmia, and dysfunctions, and assist in reversing conditions such as deafness, blindness, and paralysis. Combining reduced invasiveness with advanced electronic functions, hybrid bioelectronic systems have evolved tremendously in the last decade, pushed by progress in materials science, micro‐ and nanofabrication, system assembly and packaging, and biomedical engineering. Hybrid integration refers here to a technological approach to embed within mechanically compliant carrier substrates electronic components and circuits prepared with traditional electronic materials. This combination leverages mechanical and electronic performance of polymer substrates and device materials, respectively, and offers many opportunities for man‐made systems to communicate with the body with unmet precision. However, trade‐offs between materials selection, manufacturing processes, resolution, electrical function, mechanical integrity, biointegration, and reliability should be considered. Herein, prominent trends in manufacturing conformable hybrid systems are analyzed and key design, function, and validation principles are outlined together with the remaining challenges to produce reliable conformable, hybrid bioelectronic systems.
IGFBP2 Plays an Essential Role in Cognitive Development during Early Life
Authors: Khan Shumsuzzaman , Lu Xinjiang , Huang Qingyao , Tang Jiawei , Weng Jian , Yang Zhi , Lv Minchao , Xu Xiaokang , Xia Fangyuan , Zhang Mengchen , Li Yi , Liu Shuangshuang , Leng Gareth , Spitzer Nicholas , Du Jizeng , Chen Xuequn 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdentifying the mechanisms underlying cognitive development in early life is a critical objective. The expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in the hippocampus increases during neonatal development and is associated with learning and memory, but a causal connection has not been established. Here, it is reported that neurons and astrocytes expressing IGFBP2 are distributed throughout the hippocampus. IGFBP2 enhances excitatory inputs onto CA1 pyramidal neurons, facilitating intrinsic excitability and spike transmission, and regulates plasticity at excitatory synapses in a cell‐type specific manner. It facilitates long‐term potentiation (LTP) by enhancing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐dependent excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), and enhances neurite proliferation and elongation. Knockout of igfbp2 reduces the numbers of pyramidal cells and interneurons, impairs LTP and cognitive performance, and reduces tonic excitation of pyramidal neurons that are all rescued by IGFBP2. The results provide insight into the requirement for IGFBP2 in cognition in early life.
Cooling Induced Surface Reconstruction during Synthesis of High‐Ni Layered Oxides
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Jian , Hu Xiaobing , Li Maofan , Duan Yandong , Yang Luyi , Yin Chong , Ge Mingyuan , Xiao Xianghui , Lee Wah‐Keat , Ko Jun Young Peter , Amine Khalil , Chen Zonghai , Zhu Yimei , Dooryhee Eric , Bai Jianming , Pan Feng , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTransition metal layered oxides have been the dominant cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries, and among them, high‐Ni ones (LiNixMnyCozO2; x ≥ 0.7) with greatly boosted capacity and reduced cost are of particular interest for large‐scale applications. The high Ni loading, on the other hand, raises the critical issues of surface instability and poor rate performance. The rational design of synthesis leading to layered LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2 with greatly enhanced rate capability is demonstrated, by implementing a quenching process alternative to the general slow cooling. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, coupled with surface analysis, is applied to studies of the synthesis process, revealing cooling‐induced surface reconstruction involving Li2CO3 accumulation, formation of a Li‐deficient layer and Ni reduction at the particle surface. The reconstruction process occurs predominantly at high temperatures (above 350 °C) and is highly cooling‐rate dependent, implying that surface reconstruction can be suppressed through synthetic control, i.e., quenching to improve the surface stability and rate performance of the synthesized materials. These findings may provide guidance to rational synthesis of high‐Ni cathode materials.
Intrafamilial “DOA‐plus” phenotype variability related to different OMI/HTRA2 expression
Authors: Napolitano Filomena , Terracciano Chiara , Bruno Giorgia , Nesti Claudia , Barillari Maria R. , Barillari Umberto , Santorelli Filippo M. , Melone Mariarosa A.B. , Esposito Teresa , Sampaolo Simone 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDominant Optic Atrophy and Deafness (DOAD) may be associated with one or more of the following disorders such as myopathy, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebellar atrophy (“DOA‐plus”). Intra‐ and interfamilial variability of the “DOA‐plus” phenotype is frequently observed in the majority of the patients carrying the same mutation in the OPA1 gene. We are describing two familial cases of “DOA‐plus” carrying the same c.1334G>A (p.Arg445His) mutation in OPA1 and disclosing different clinical, pathological and biochemical features. The two patients showed different expression levels of the mitochondrial OMI/HTRA2 molecule, which acts as a mitochondrial stress sensor and has been described to interplay with OPA1 in in vitro studies. Our data offer the cue to inquire the role of OMI/HTRA2 as a modifier gene in determining the “DOAplus” phenotype variability.
Michael Addition Reactions of Highly Basic Enolates for the Formation of 2‐(Tosylamino)Dihydrochalcones
Authors: Zheng Jing , Meng Zhongrong , Lu Doudou , Zhao Dongxin , Chen Qinfang , Yang Weiran 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA protocol for the reaction of ketone or ester enolates with aza‐o‐quinodimethanes (aza‐o‐QMs) formed in situ is reported via a 1,4‐elimination in the presence of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF). The reaction partners were reacted to provide a wide variety of substituted 2‐(tosylamino)dihydrochalcones in 45–97% yield in a single reaction sequence in one pot under mild condition. Additionally, various 2‐(tosylamino)dihydrochalcones could be easily converted to form diverse heterocycles.
Efficient construction of C–C bonds from aryl halides/aryl esters with arylboronic acids catalysed by palladium(II) thiourea complexes
Authors: Thimma Sambamoorthy Manikandan , Rengan Ramesh , Jan Grzegorz Malecki 
Published: October 2019

A new set of palladium(II) complexes comprising phenyl(thiazolyl)thiourea ligands have been successfully synthesized and characterized with the aid of analytical as well as spectral (IR, UV–visible and NMR) methods. A distorted square‐planar geometry with N^S coordination mode of thiourea ligands in the new palladium complexes was corroborated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. Interestingly, the palladium(II) thiourea complexes showed the highest catalytic activity with 0.1 mol% catalyst loading in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions utilizing a range of aryl bromides/unactivated aryl chlorides with arylboronic acids as coupling partners in aqueous–organic media. Syntheses of diaryl ketones using aryl esters and arylboronic acids as coupling partners were also achieved with low catalyst loading within 20 h. The potential of our catalyst was demonstrated by its wide substrate scope, low catalyst loadings and high isolated yield. Moreover, the influences of key parameters like solvent, base, temperature and catalyst loading were also investigated.
Challenging metanarratives: The past lives in the present
Authors: ROSS ANNE 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIt is over 35 years since Langford (1983) called for archaeologists to recognise Aboriginal people's right to control their heritage. Although there have been enormous changes since then in the way Australian archaeologists engage with Traditional Owners in the practice of archaeology and cultural heritage management, several metanarratives that privilege Western knowledge constructs over Indigenous ways of knowing persist. Although such metanarratives continue to be challenged, pockets of entrenched resistance remain. This is seen most clearly in the divide between oral history/Indigenous narrative and science, often expressed as a disconnect between “myth” and “reality” (Ingold 2013; Porr and Matthews 2016). In this paper, I provide an introduction to the papers in this issue, set within a reflection on the challenges to metanarratives that are evolving as a result of the engagement between archaeologists and Indigenous owners of heritage. I emphasise our increasing recognition of the poly‐vocality of “truth” and the validity of Indigenous interpretations of their archaeology and heritage.
Decomposition Analysis of Spending and Price Trends for Biologic Antirheumatic Drugs in Medicare and Medicaid
Authors: McCormick Natalie , Wallace Zachary S. , Sacks Chana A. , Hsu John , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveBillions of public dollars are spent each year on biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), but the drivers of recent increases in biologic DMARD spending are unclear. This study was undertaken to characterize changes in total spending and unit prices for biologic DMARDs in Medicare and Medicaid programs and quantified the major sources of these spending increases.MethodsWe accessed drug spending data from years 2012–2016, covering all Medicare Part B (fee‐for‐service), Medicare Part D, and Medicaid enrollees. After calculating 5‐year changes in total spending and unit prices for each biologic DMARD as well as in aggregate, we performed standard decomposition analyses to isolate 4 sources of spending growth: drug prices, uptake (number of recipients), treatment intensity (mean number of doses per claim), and treatment duration (annual number of claims per recipient), both excluding and including time‐varying rebates.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2016, annual spending on public‐payer claims for the 10 biologic DMARDs included in this study more than doubled ($3.8 billion to $8.6 billion), with median drug price increases of 51% in Medicare Part D (mean 54%) and 8% in Medicare Part B (mean 21%). With adjustment for general inflation, unit price increases alone accounted for 57% of the 5‐year, $3.0 billion spending increase in Part D, while 37% of the spending increase was from increased uptake. Accounting for time‐varying rebates, prices were still responsible for 54% of increased spending. Unit prices and spending were lower under Medicaid than under Medicare Part D, though temporal trends and contributors were similar.ConclusionPostmarket drug price changes alone account for the majority of the recent spending growth in biologic DMARDs. Policy interventions targeting price increases, particularly those under Medicare Part D plans, may help mitigate financial burdens for public payers and biologic DMARD recipients.