bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital COVID-19 Burden and Adverse Event Rates
Authors: Metersky Mark L. , Rodrick David , Ho Shih-Yieh , Galusha Deron , Timashenka Andrea , Grace Erin N. , Marshall Darryl , Eckenrode Sheila , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic introduced stresses on hospitals due to the surge in demand for care and to staffing shortages. The implications of these stresses for patient safety are not well understood.ObjectiveTo assess whether hospital COVID-19 burden was associated with the rate of in-hospital adverse effects (AEs).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Quality and Safety Review System, a surveillance system that tracks the frequency of AEs among selected hospital admissions across the US. The study sample included randomly selected Medicare patient admissions to acute care hospitals in the US between September 1, 2020, and June 30, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the association between frequency of AEs and hospital-specific weekly COVID-19 burden. Observed and risk-adjusted rates of AEs per 1000 admissions were stratified by the weekly hospital-specific COVID-19 burden (daily mean number of COVID-19 inpatients per 100 hospital beds each week), presented as less than the 25th percentile (lowest burden), 25th to 75th percentile (intermediate burden), and greater than the 75th percentile (highest burden). Risk adjustment variables included patient and hospital characteristics.ResultsThe study included 40 737 Medicare hospital admissions (4114 patients [10.1%] with COVID-19 and 36 623 [89.9%] without); mean (SD) patient age was 73.8 (12.1) years, 53.8% were female, and the median number of Elixhauser comorbidities was 4 (IQR, 2-5). There were 59.1 (95% CI, 54.5-64.0) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with the lowest, 77.0 (95% CI, 73.3-80.9) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with intermediate, and 97.4 (95% CI, 91.6-103.7) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with the highest COVID-19 burden. Among patients without COVID-19, there were 55.7 (95% CI, 51.1-60.8) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with the lowest, 74.0 (95% CI, 70.2-78.1) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with intermediate, and 79.3 (95% CI, 73.7-85.3) AEs per 1000 admissions during weeks with the highest COVID-19 burden. A similar pattern was seen among patients with COVID-19. After risk adjustment, the relative risk (RR) for AEs among patients admitted during weeks with high compared with low COVID-19 burden for all patients was 1.23 (95% CI, 1.09-1.39; P &amp;lt; .001), with similar results seen in the cohorts with (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.03-1.71; P = .03) and without (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08-1.39; P = .002) COVID-19 individually.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of hospital admissions among Medicare patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, greater hospital COVID-19 burden was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital AEs among both patients with and without COVID-19. These results illustrate the need for greater hospital resilience and surge capacity to prevent declines in patient safety during surges in demand.
Two‐Dimensional Layered Topological Semimetals for Advanced Electronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Yu Huihui , Zeng Haoran , Zhang Yanzhe , Liu Yihe , ShangGuan Wei , Zhang Xiankun , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the outstanding physical properties and the integrated characteristics, such as the gapless band structure, high state density, high conductivity, dangling‐bond‐free surface, and tunable Fermi level, two‐dimensional layered topological semimetals (2D LTSMs) exhibit a promising application prospect for including electrode contact and terahertz detection. Despite the surging in attention, a comprehensive strategy is still crucial to meet the necessary conditions for the practical application of 2D LTSMs. According to the fermion types and the band structures, 2D LTSMs can be divided into Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, and nodal‐line semimetals. This review comprehensively encapsulates the intrinsic properties, typical synthesis methods, and applications in electronics and optoelectronics about these 2D LTSMs. To establish the fundamental theory, typical crystal structures, and physical properties of different 2D LTSMs are summarized at first. The effective synthesis strategies including exfoliation, molecular beam epitaxy, and vapor deposition are analyzed systematically. Finally, the article emphasizes the exploration of applications, significant challenges, and promising development directions of 2D LTSMs, which will drive 2D LTSMs to become the promisingly leading technology for next‐generation electronic and optoelectronic systems.
Fabric‐Reinforced Functional Insoles with Superior Durability and Antifracture Properties for Energy Harvesting and AI‐Empowered Motion Monitoring
Authors: Gao Yuanyuan , Xu Bingang , Qiu Minyu , Li Zhenyu , Ahmed Taosif , Yang Yujue , Guan Xiaoyang , Fu Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFunctional triboelectric insoles hold promise for advancing self‐powered wearable technologies. However, their durability is compromised by continuous compressive forces and friction, leading to surface abrasion and material fracturing. To address these challenges, an innovative fabric‐reinforced structure combined with a dual‐L backrest design is developed that enhances anti‐fracture capabilities and electric outputs while enabling AI‐empowered motion monitoring. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the negative triboelectric material with a dual‐L backrest design, while insulated copper wire (icuW) serves as the positive triboelectric material with an annular structure design. These components are intricately nested to enable a multilayered friction pairing. The fabric‐reinforced structure demonstrates excellent compressive rebound resilience, withstanding forces of at least 1000 N. The functional insole, featuring a fabric‐reinforced dual‐L backrest structure (FRdL‐insole), efficiently harvests biomechanical energy with a peak power of 8214 µW and maintains highly consistent performance after 10 washing cycles and 60 000 durability tests. It can power portable electronic devices such as digital watches, calculators, hygrometers, and LEDs. Enhanced with machine learning algorithms, the FRdL‐insole processes sensor signals to monitor human movements, accurately identifying seven distinct motions. This positions the insole as a smart, real‐time, self‐powered tool for activity recognition, showcasing its potential in intelligent wearable technology.
Ultraflexible Vertical Corbino Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Epidermal Signal Monitoring
Authors: Lee Inho , Kim Ji Hwan , Kim Youngseok , Shin Dongjoon , Lee Hyeongbeom , Won Jonghyun , Kang Keehoon , Choi Jun‐Gyu , Yoon Myung‐Han , Park Sungjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSkin‐conformal organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have attracted significant attention for real‐time physiological signal monitoring and are vital for health diagnostics and treatments. However, mechanical harmonization amid the inherent dynamic nature of the skin surface and the acquisition of intrinsic physiological signals are significant challenges that hinder the integration of the ultimate skin interface. Thus, this study proposes a novel 4‐terminal (4‐T) vertical Corbino OECT, exhibiting high transconductance (>400 mS) and offering remarkable resilience and operational stability at an extremely low voltage of 10 mV (1.9% of minimal current change after 104 biasing cycles and endurance up to 103 cycles of repetitive deformation with a 5 µm bending radius). Consequently, ultralow‐power, motion‐resistant epidermal electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electrooculogram sensors are developed with an exceptional signal‐to‐noise ratio of 40.1 dB. The results of this study present a significant stride in non‐invasive, skin‐interfaced health‐monitoring technologies and herald a new era in integrative health technologies.
Impaired Iron–Sulfur Cluster Synthesis Induces Mitochondrial PARthanatos in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Wang Mengyi , Zhang Shiwu , Tian Jinwei , Yang Fan , Chen He , Bai Shuzhi , Kang Jiaxin , Pang Kemiao , Huang Jiayi , Dong Mingjie , Dong Shiyun , Tian Zhen , Fang Shaohong , Fan Huitao , Lu Fanghao , Yu Bo , Li Shuijie , Zhang Weihua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a severe complication of diabetes, is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Despite its severity, the intrinsic factors governing cardiomyocyte damage in DCM remain unclear. It is hypothesized that impaired iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster synthesis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of DCM. Reduced S‐sulfhydration of cysteine desulfurase (NFS1) is a novel mechanism that contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction and PARthanatos in DCM. Mechanistically, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) supplementation restores NFS1 S‐sulfhydration at cysteine 383 residue, thereby enhancing Fe–S cluster synthesis, improving mitochondrial function, increasing cardiomyocyte viability, and alleviating cardiac damage. This study provides novel insights into the interplay between Fe–S clusters, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PARthanatos, highlighting a promising therapeutic target for DCM and paving the way for potential clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Living Therapeutics for Synergistic Hydrogen‐Photothermal Cancer Treatment by Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Yingyi , Deng Xiaolian , Xia Lili , Liang Jianghui , Chen Meng , Xu Xiaoling , Chen Wei , Ding Jianwei , Yu Chengjie , Liu Limei , Xiang Yang , Lin Yiliang , Duan Fangfang , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogen gas (H2) therapy, recognized for its inherent biosafety, holds significant promise as an anti‐cancer strategy. However, the efficacy of H2 treatment modalities is compromised by their reliance on systemic gas administration or chemical reactions generation, which suffers from low efficiency, poor targeting, and suboptimal utilization. In this study, living therapeutics are employed using photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides for in situ H2 production combined with near‐infrared (NIR) mediated photothermal therapy. Living R. sphaeroides exhibits strong absorption in the NIR spectrum, effectively converting light energy into thermal energy while concurrently generating H2. This dual functionality facilitates the targeted induction of tumor cell death and substantially reduces collateral damage to adjacent normal tissues. The findings reveal that integrating hydrogen therapy with photothermal effects, mediated through photosynthetic bacteria, provides a robust, dual‐modality approach that enhances the overall efficacy of tumor treatments. This living therapeutic strategy not only leverages the therapeutic potential of both hydrogen and photothermal therapeutic modalities but also protects healthy tissues, marking a significant advancement in cancer therapy techniques.
Variable‐Range Hopping Conduction in Amorphous, Non‐Stoichiometric Gallium Oxide
Authors: Hein Philipp , Romstadt Tobias , Draber Fabian , Ryu Jinseok , Böger Thorben , Falkenstein Andreas , Kim Miyoung , Martin Manfred 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmorphous, non‐stoichiometric gallium oxide (a‐GaOx, x < 1.5) is a promising material for many electronic devices, such as resistive switching memories, neuromorphic circuits and photodetectors. So far, all respective measurements are interpreted with the explicit or implicit assumption of n‐type band transport above the conduction band mobility edge. In this study, the experimental and theoretical results consistently show for the first time that for an O/Ga ratio x of 0.8 to 1.0 the dominating electron transport mechanism is, however, variable‐range hopping (VRH) between localized states, even at room temperature and above. The measured conductivity exhibits the characteristic exponential temperature dependence on T−1/4, in remarkable agreement with Mott's iconic law for VRH. Localized states near the Fermi level are confirmed by photoelectron spectroscopy and density of states (DOS) calculations. The experimental conductivity data is reproduced quantitatively by kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of the VRH mechanism, based on the ab‐initio DOS. High electric field strengths F cause elevated electron temperatures and an exponential increase of the conductivity with F1/2. Novel results concerning surface oxidation, magnetoresistance, Hall effect, thermopower and electron diffusion are also reported. The findings lead to a new understanding of a‐GaOx devices, also with regard to metal|a‐GaOx Schottky barriers.
Sulfide/Polymer Composite Solid‐State Electrolytes for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Sijie , Zhou Le , Zhong Tingjun , Wu Xin , Neyts Kristiaan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review introduces solid electrolytes based on sulfide/polymer composites which are used in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, describing the use of polymers as plasticizer, the lithium‐ion conductive channel, the preparation methods of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), including dry methods and wet methods with their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the physicochemical stability of sulfide/polymer composite based solid‐state electrolytes is analyzed. The sulfide/polymer composite based solid‐state electrolyte can be utilized in lithium metal or lithium sulfur batteries. However, there are still many problems left to be solved in practical applications of these solid‐state electrolytes. In this review, several solutions are explored. Firstly, the ultra‐long life cycle of batteries can be achieved by thinning the composite electrolyte. Secondly, when sulfur is applied as the positive electrode, the thinning electrolyte can reduce polarization and other problems. Finally, an integrated battery is employed to reduce the interface impedance. By addressing these aspects, the review aims to provide valuable insights into the future development of high‐performance solid‐state electrolytes in lithium battery technology.
A Hypothesis on the Function of High‐Valent Fe in NiFe (Hydr)oxide in the Oxygen‐Evolution Reaction
Authors: Akbari Nader , Shah Jafar Hussain , Hu Cejun , Nandy Subhajit , Aleshkevych Pavlo , Ge Rile , Farid Sumbal , Dong Changchang , Zhang Liang , Chae Keun Hwa , Xie Wei , Liu Taifeng , Wang Junhu , Najafpour Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the dynamic changes in NiFe (hydr)oxide and identified the role of high‐valent Fe in the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) within alkaline media via in situ techniques. Several high‐valent Fe ions were found to remain considerably stable in the absence of potential in NiFe (hydr)oxide, even 96 hours after the OER. For Ni2+ hydroxide treated with 57Fe ions, where Fe sites are introduced onto the surface of Ni2+ hydroxide, no Fe4+ species were detected at the rate‐determining step (RDS). The findings of this study suggested that the oxidation of bulk Fe ions, similar to Ni ions, to high valent forms, is charge accumulation without a direct role in OER; these results offered a novel perspective on manipulating Fe states to optimize OER efficacy. The prevailing hypothesis suggested that trace amounts of high‐valent Fe ions, notably those on the surface, directly participate in OER.
Cardiac arrest during alveolar recruitment manoeuvre under general anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Larsen M. C. , Soni U. K. 
Published: November 2024

SummaryA 67‐year‐old woman with no history of cardiovascular disease, undergoing an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, experienced severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest immediately following an alveolar recruitment manoeuvre under general anaesthesia. Prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation restored cardiac output within 2–3 min. Postoperatively, she remained stable and was discharged following 24 h of monitoring. The cardiac arrest was likely triggered by vagal nerve stimulation and activation of intrinsic cardiac reflexes by the alveolar recruitment manoeuvre. The event emphasises a rare, but significant, risk of the routine management of pulmonary atelectasis.
Heat transfer characteristics of petroleum coke particle packed bed: An experimental and CFD simulation study
Authors: Huang Jindi , Lu Hui , Li Jing , Yang Youming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDue to the complexity of the internal pore structure of petroleum coke loose particle‐packed beds, measuring their thermal conductivity has always been a challenging problem. This work independently developed an experimental apparatus for testing the thermal conductivity of petroleum coke particle‐packed beds and constructed a forward calculation model for the heat transfer process, which was based on one‐dimensional unsteady heat transfer. Using the Sparse Nonlinear OPTimizer (SNOPT) algorithm, a mathematical relationship between the thermal conductivity λ of the coke bed, temperature T, and equivalent particle diameter dp was established through inverse modeling. Concurrently, a digital model of the petroleum coke particle packed bed was derived utilizing three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) scanning technology, and a pore‐scale gas–solid radiation heat transfer model was formulated based on CFD simulation technology, thereby further elucidating the heat transfer mechanism within the petroleum coke particle packed bed. The research results indicate that the temperature predicted by the established thermal conductivity model aligns well with experimental data. Further CFD simulation studies demonstrate that a smaller particle size leads to a larger temperature difference between the wall and the center of the packed bed, while a higher gas velocity results in a smaller temperature difference, with a linear correlation observed between these two factors. At high temperatures, thermal radiation between particles in the porous petroleum coke‐packed bed plays a dominant role. The research outcomes can offer significant theoretical support for a profound analysis of the heat transfer behavior of petroleum coke‐packed beds within a vertical shaft calciner.
Flat biofilms extrusion of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate blends: Toward ecological packaging for sustainability
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Barreto José Vinícius Melo , de Albuquerque Filho Mário Alberto , Bezerra Elieber Barros , da Silva Flávio Urbano , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBlends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PBAT‐g‐GMA) were developed to produce flat and flexible biofilms through extrusion. The PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (90%/10%, 80%/20%, 70%/30%, and 60%/40% by mass) blends were processed in the internal mixer, injection molded, and manufactured into flat films. The optimal composition to produce flexible biofilms was PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (60/40%), as it demonstrated a decrease in elastic modulus of 53.2% and a significant gain in elongation at a break of 4923% about pure PLA. The incorporation of 40% PBAT‐g‐GMA in PLA increased the torque (Z) by 208%, while the melt flow index (MFI) decreased by 51.57%, compared to PLA. Additionally, the degradation rate (Rz) and molar mass loss (Rm) during processing were minimized, indicating that 40% PBAT‐g‐GMA enhanced stability of the PLA matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated interactions between the GMA of PBAT‐g‐GMA and PLA, justifying the increase in viscosity and elongation at break. The PLA/PBAT‐g‐GMA (60/40%) composition showed a transmittance in the range of 20%–48% (400–800 nm) and an oxygen gas permeability of 1.56 × 10−5 cm3 STP/cm−2 h bar, indicating its potential for applications in packaging with optical barrier properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed ligaments in the interfacial region between PLA and PBAT‐g‐GMA, confirming the good performance in elongation at break. The results presented are essential for the plastics processing sector, aiming to develop eco‐friendly packaging.
Characterization of Incident Interstitial Lung Disease in Late Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Hoa Sabrina , Berger Claudie , Lahmek Nouha , Larché Maggie , Osman Mohammed , Choi May , Pope Janet , Thorne Carter ,   Canadian Scleroderma Research Group, Hudson Marie 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common and potentially lethal complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Screening by high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is recommended in all patients with risk factors, including early disease. Little is known on late presentations of ILD. This study aimed to characterize the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of late‐onset SSc‐ILD.MethodsStudy participants enrolled in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort from 2004 to 2020 without prevalent ILD were included. Incidence and risk factors for ILD (on HRCT) were compared according to disease duration above (late) and below (earlier) seven years from the first non‐Raynaud manifestation. Risk of ILD progression was compared using Kaplan‐Meier and multivariable Cox models.ResultsOverall, 199 (21%) of 969 patients developed incident ILD over a median of 2.4 (interquartile range 1.2–4.3) years. The incidence rate in late SSc (3.7/100 person‐years) was lower than in earlier SSc (relative risk 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.92). Risk factors for incident ILD included male sex, diffuse subtype, myositis, antitopoisomerase I autoantibodies, and higher C‐reactive protein levels. Patients with late‐onset ILD were also less frequently White and more frequently had arthritis and anti‐RNA‐polymerase III autoantibodies. Lung disease severity was similar between late‐ and earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD (forced vital capacity 88% and 87%, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide 64% and 62%, respectively). Progression rates were also similar between late‐ and earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD (log rank P = 0.8, hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.58–2.10).ConclusionILD can present in late SSc. Risk factors and progression rates overlapped with earlier‐onset SSc‐ILD. Surveillance for ILD should continue in longstanding SSc. Frequency and modality of monitoring remain to be defined.
Fast finite‐time stabilization of stochastic nonlinear systems with output constraints and an application to single‐link robot
Authors: Zhao Xuejing , Zhao Junsheng , Sun Wei , Sun Zong‐Yao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article studies the fast finite‐time stabilization problem for stochastic nonlinear systems with asymmetric output constraints. To address the issue of slow convergence encountered in previous finite‐time control designs of stochastic nonlinear constrained systems, this paper extends the fast finite‐time stabilization mechanism to such systems. First, a novel asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is employed to tackle the output constraint. Then, by adding a power integrator technique and the barrier Lyapunov function, a state‐feedback controller for stochastic nonlinear systems is explicitly designed using the backstepping method. The designed controller achieves fast finite‐time stability in probability of the stochastic nonlinear system while ensuring no violation of the output constraints. Finally, two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller scheme.