bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for the safe provision of anaesthesia in magnetic resonance units 2019
Authors: Wilson S. R. , Shinde S. , Appleby I. , Boscoe M. , Conway D. , Dryden C. , Ferguson K. , Gedroyc W. , Kinsella S. M. , Nathanson M. H. , Thorne J. , White M. , Wright E. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThere has been an increase in the number of units providing anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging and the strength of magnetic resonance scanners, as well as the number of interventions and operations performed within the magnetic resonance environment. More devices and implants are now magnetic resonance imaging conditional, allowing scans to be undertaken in patients for whom this was previously not possible. There has also been a revision in terminology relating to magnetic resonance safety of devices. These guidelines have been put together by organisations who are involved in the pathways for patients needing magnetic resonance imaging. They reinforce the safety aspects of providing anaesthesia in the magnetic resonance environment, from the multidisciplinary decision making process, the seniority of anaesthetist accompanying the patient, to training in the recognition of hazards of anaesthesia in the magnetic resonance environment. For many anaesthetists this is an unfamiliar site to give anaesthesia, often in a remote site. Hospitals should develop and audit governance procedures to ensure that anaesthetists of all grades are competent to deliver anaesthesia safely in this area.
“Our life is a struggle”: Respectable Gender Norms and Black Resistance to Policing
Authors: Elliott‐Cooper Adam 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of women in anti‐racist campaigns against policing in post‐2011 England. It argues that imperial discourses about gender norms and respectability have helped to shape how race and crime are constituted in the contemporary period. Women's resistance to police racism has received scholarly attention from black feminists in North America; such attention has been less in Britain, particularly since the 1990s. While influential analyses of policing in Britain have deployed a post‐colonial lens, gender and women's resistance are rarely the primary focus. This paper significantly develops debates on gender, race and policing, by arguing that the colonial roots of race and gender norms are fundamental to conceptualising one of the key findings of the field research which informs this paper: that women lead almost every campaign against a black death in police custody in post‐2011 England. Drawing on semi‐structured interviews with activists, ethnographic observations at protests and scholar‐activist participation in campaigns against black deaths in custody, this paper demonstrates how 18th and 19th century imperial discourses on respectability and nation do not simply contextualise racialised policing in the contemporary period, but expose the racialised and gendered norms that legitimise racist policing in modern Britain.
Management of women with atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the uterus: A quantitative systematic review
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Travaglino Antonio , Saccone Gabriele , Alviggi Carlo , Mascolo Massimo , De Placido Giuseppe , Insabato Luigi , Mollo Antonio , Zullo Fulvio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAtypical polypoid adenomyoma is an uncommon uterine lesion which can coexist with endometrial atypical hyperplasia and/or cancer. Atypical polypoid adenomyoma affects premenopausal women in most cases, but it shows high recurrence rate if conservatively treated. To date, the management of patients is based on low‐quality evidence and is not standardized. Our primary aim was to explore the optimal management of atypical polypoid adenomyoma, with particular regard to the fertility‐sparing approach. The secondary aim was to define clinicopathologic features of atypical polypoid adenomyoma.Material and methodsMedline, Embase, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ClinicalTrial.gov, OVID, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library were searched for studies reporting outcomes of atypical polypoid adenomyoma treatments. Univariate comparisons among outcomes of fertility‐sparing treatments (rates of initial response, progression, recurrence, final complete response, pregnancy) were performed with Fisher's exact test (α = .05).ResultsEleven retrospective studies with 237 patients were included; 85.5% of patients were premenopausal and 62.9% were nulliparous. Atypical polypoid adenomyoma coexisted with atypical hyperplasia in 5.5% of cases and with endometrial cancer in 5.9%. Overall risks of recurrence and progression to cancer were 28.9% and 16.6%, respectively. Fertility‐sparing treatments included hormonal therapy with or without maintenance, hysteroscopic transcervical resection, dilation and curettage, and hormonal therapy combined with transcervical resection or dilation and curettage. Transcervical resection showed significantly higher initial response rates (P from <0.001 to 0.023) than any other treatment. Transcervical resection and transcervical resection+hormonal therapy showed significantly lower progression rates (P < 0.001), and higher final complete response rates (P < 0.001) than any other treatment. No significant differences were found in the rates of pregnancy (P = 0.533 ‐ 0.647) or recurrence (P = 0.052 ‐ 0.475). Among the different transcervical resection techniques, the 4‐step transcervical resection showed significantly lower rates of progression (P = 0.002) and recurrence (P = 0.013) than other techniques. Limitations to our results were the retrospective design of the studies and the relatively small sample size, due to the rarity of atypical polypoid adenomyoma.ConclusionsBased on its effectiveness and safety, transcervical resection may be the first‐line fertility‐sparing treatment for atypical polypoid adenomyoma. In particular, 4‐step transcervical resection showed the best results. Given the risk of recurrence, progression and coexistent atypical hyperplasia or cancer, follow‐up biopsies are advisable. When fertility preservation is not required, hysterectomy might be advisable.
Inhibition of Cav3.2 calcium channels: A new target for colonic hypersensitivity associated with low‐grade inflammation
Authors: Picard Elodie , Carvalho Frederic Antonio , Agosti Francina , Bourinet Emmanuel , Ardid Denis , Eschalier Alain , Daulhac Laurence , Mallet Christophe 
Published: February 2019

Background and PurposeAbdominal pain associated with low‐grade inflammation is frequently encountered in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during remission. Current treatments are not very effective and new therapeutic approaches are needed. The role of CaV3.2 channels, which are important in other chronic pain contexts, was investigated in a murine model of colonic hypersensitivity (CHS) associated with low‐grade inflammation.Experimental ApproachLow doses of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS; 0.5%) were chronically administered to C57BL/6j mice in drinking water. Their inflammatory state was assessed by systemic and local measures of IL‐6, myeloperoxidase, and lipocalin‐2 using elisa. Colonic sensitivity was evaluated by the visceromotor responses to colorectal distension. Functional involvement of CaV3.2 channels was assessed with different pharmacological (TTA‐A2, ABT‐639, and ethosuximide) and genetic tools.Key ResultsDSS induced low‐grade inflammation associated with CHS in mice. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CaV3.2 channels reduced CHS. Cav3.2 channel deletion in primary nociceptive neurons in dorsal root ganglia (CaV3.2Nav1.8 KO mice) suppressed CHS. Spinal, but not systemic, administration of ABT‐639, a peripherally acting T‐type channel blocker, reduced CHS. ABT‐639 given intrathecally to CaV3.2Nav1.8 KO mice had no effect, demonstrating involvement of CaV3.2 channels located presynaptically in afferent fibre terminals. Finally, ethosuximide, which is a T‐type channel blocker used clinically, reduced CHS.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that ethosuximide represents a promising drug reposition strategy and that inhibition of CaV3.2 channels is an attractive therapeutic approach for relieving CHS in IBS or IBD.
Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of staged lateral ridge augmentation using platelet‐rich fibrin or resorbable collagen membranes in a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hartlev Jens , Spin‐Neto Rubens , Schou Søren , Isidor Flemming , Nørholt Sven Erik 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the volumetric changes following lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous bone graft covered by either a platelet‐rich fibrin membrane (test group) or an inorganic bovine bone substitute and a resorbable collagen barrier membrane (control group).Material and methodsA total of 27 partially edentulous patients (test n = 14, control n = 13) with the indication for lateral bone block augmentation were included in this randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination was performed prior to grafting and 2 weeks and 6 months after grafting. The volumetric changes between the various examinations times were evaluated by planimetric measurements on two‐dimensional CBCT images of the grafted regions.ResultsThe mean bone volumetric loss in the test group was 14.7%, SD ±8.9%, while the mean bone volume loss in the control group was 17.8%, SD ±13.3%. This difference was not significant (p = 0.48). A total of ten patients were operated in the incisor and canine region with a mean bone volume loss of 23.41% SD, ±10.87%, while 17 patients were operated in the premolar region with a mean bone volume loss of 11.89% SD ±9.05%. This difference was significant (p = 0.01).ConclusionThe test and control group demonstrated no overall difference in volumetric bone changes of the augmented bone at the 6‐month follow‐up. The second major finding revealed a significantly larger amount of bone resorption in the incisor and canine region than in the premolar region of the maxilla, particularly in the control group.
PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade rescue exhausted CD8+ T cells in gastrointestinal stromal tumours via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Zhao Rui , Song Yinghan , Wang Yong , Huang Yuqian , Li Zhigui , Cui Yaping , Yi Mengshi , Xia Lin , Zhuang Wen , Wu Xiaoting , Zhou Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), it is almost never curative in GIST, and resistance commonly develops. One potential strategy is to combine targeted therapy with immunotherapy.Materials and methodsWe first studied Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and tumour‐infiltrating T cells (TILs) in GIST. IFN‐γ was used to induce the upregulation of PD‐L1 expression in GIST‐882 cells, a well‐known GIST cell line. CD8+ T‐cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR levels in CD8+ T cells were examined by Western blotting.ResultsPD‐L1 expression was an independent factor of poor prognosis in GIST and resulted in exhausted T cells in the TILs population or the blood. Then, we found that PD‐L1 blockade alone could not increase tumour cell apoptosis in GIST. The apoptosis rate of CD8+ T cells was higher when T cells were cultured with PD‐L1+ GIST‐882 cells (GIST‐882 cells with high PD‐L1 expression) than when T cells were cultured with control GIST‐882 cells. However, when the PD‐L1 blockade was used, the apoptosis rates of the CD8+ T cells in the two groups became similar. Then, Western blotting showed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR levels of the CD8+ T cells rescued by the PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade were higher than those of the CD8+ T cells not treated with the PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade.ConclusionsPD‐L1 expression was an independent poor prognosis factor in GIST. PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade rescued exhausted CD8+ T cells in GIST via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. In GIST, PD‐1/PD‐L1 not only function as predictive biomarkers but also improve current therapies as treatment targets.
Exploring the Impact of Receiving Sender‐Based Negative and Positive Feedback on Team‐Level Process Outcomes Using a Mobile Application
Authors: Blau Gary , Petrucci Tony , Rivera Michael , Ghate Rujuta 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTeam‐based projects continue to be important for structuring work in many organizations, and employees are increasingly using mobile applications (apps) for peer evaluations as part of a performance appraisals process. Since a graduating student can expect to work in a team at some point in their career, exposure to class‐related group projects is important. This study explored using a mobile application (app) called DevelapMe (DMe), which allowed for 273 business undergraduates in 54 teams to give and receive real‐time peer‐based feedback during a 5‐week group project. Prior empirical research has shown that technology can improve the group development process, but such research has not used a mobile app. The general goal of this study was to investigate how receiving real‐time feedback through a mobile app (DMe) can affect the team development process over time. Two online surveys, Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2), were administered over a 5‐week period. Results showed that two of the three team‐level process outcomes, team trust and team commitment (but not team value‐goal fit), significantly increased from T1 to T2. Results also showed that receiving T1 sender‐based positive, but not negative, feedback scales had a significant impact on all three team‐level process outcomes.
Supply Chain Performance Analysis of Dow Jones Industrial Average Indexed Firms and Top 50 Supply Chain Firms
Authors: Choi Sangdo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTOperations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM) courses may cover supply chain strategies, supply chain classification, and supply chain performance. Familiarity with various manufacturing and logistics firms would help students to better understand such topics. Information on the Dow Jones Industrial Average indexed firms and top 50 supply chain firms by Gartner is easily accessible and typically covers a variety of industries from chemical, food/beverage, high‐tech to retail, to name a few. Instructors of OSCM courses can take advantage of this kind of information to discuss industry characteristics and supply chain classification. We present how to collect financial data, calculate supply chain metrics (e.g., inventory turns, profit margin, and cash‐to‐cash cycle) by building a spreadsheet model and creating an earns‐turns matrix, which prescribes supply chain classification. We also show how to analyze supply chain performance and describe industry characteristics based on the earns‐turns matrix. We provide vital questions and takeaways for instructors to lead and wrap‐up discussions. Students claim that they appreciated learning about industry characteristics and different supply chain strategies through the earns‐turns matrix analysis.
Phenological mismatch with trees reduces wildflower carbon budgets
Authors: Heberling J. Mason , McDonough MacKenzie Caitlin , Fridley Jason D. , Kalisz Susan , Primack Richard B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInteracting species can respond differently to climate change, causing unexpected consequences. Many understorey wildflowers in deciduous forests leaf out and flower in the spring when light availability is the highest before overstorey canopy closure. Therefore, different phenological responses by understorey and overstorey species to increased spring temperature could have significant ecological implications. Pairing contemporary data with historical observations initiated by Henry David Thoreau (1850s), we found that overstorey tree leaf out is more responsive to increased spring temperature than understorey wildflower phenology, resulting in shorter periods of high light in the understorey before wildflowers are shaded by tree canopies. Because of this overstorey–understorey mismatch, we estimate that wildflower spring carbon budgets in the northeastern United States were 12–26% larger during Thoreau's era and project a 10–48% reduction during this century. This underappreciated phenomenon may have already reduced wildflower fitness and could lead to future population declines in these ecologically important species.
A fluorinated indole‐based MDM2 antagonist selectively inhibits the growth of p53wt osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Skalniak Lukasz , Twarda‐Clapa Aleksandra , Neochoritis Constantinos G. , Surmiak Ewa , Machula Monika , Wisniewska Aneta , Labuzek Beata , Ali Ameena M. , Krzanik Sylwia , Dubin Grzegorz , Groves Matthew , Dömling Alexander , Holak Tad A. 
Published: February 2019

The p53 protein is engaged in the repair of DNA mutations and elimination of heavily damaged cells, providing anticancer protection. Dysregulation of p53 activity is a crucial step in carcinogenesis. This dysregulation is often caused by the overexpression of negative regulators of p53, among which MDM2 is the most prominent one. Antagonizing MDM2 with small molecules restores the activity of p53 in p53 wild‐type (p53wt) cells and thus provides positive outcomes in the treatment of p53wt cancers. Previously, we have reported the discovery of a panel of fluoro‐substituted indole‐based antagonists of MDM2. Here, we demonstrate the biological activity and stereoselectivity of the most active compound from this series. Both enantiomers of the esterified form of the compound, as well as its corresponding carboxylic acids, were found active in fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay, with Ki and KD values around 1 μm. From these four compounds, the esterified enantiomer (R)‐5a was active in cells, which was evidenced by the increase of p53 levels, the induced expression of p53‐target genes (CDKN1A and MDM2), the selective induction of cell cycle arrest, and selective growth inhibition of p53wt U‐2 OS and SJSA‐1 compared to p53del SAOS‐2 cells. The analysis of the crystal structure of human MDM2 in complex with the compound (R)‐6a (carboxylic acid of the active (R)‐5a compound) revealed the classical three‐finger binding mode. Altogether, our data demonstrate the activity of the compound and provide the structural basis for further structure optimization.
Infrared thermography for void mapping of a graphene/epoxy composite and its full‐field thermal simulation
Authors: Manta Asimina , Gresil Matthieu , Soutis Constantinos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImportant challenges are faced during the manufacturing of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)/polymer composites, associated with material quality and how to eliminate or reduce fabrication‐induced defects in the effort to improve performance. In the present work, infrared thermography (IRT) is used to measure void content and map void distribution, formed during fabrication of GNP/epoxy nanocomposites. Taking into consideration the size of each pixel (~100 μm), this method enables the non‐destructive detection of flaws with a size of approximately 200 μm. Their effect on thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite is studied by a 3D multiscale finite element analysis. Generic and full‐field comparisons demonstrate a good agreement between measurements and numerical predictions, validating assumptions and simplifications made in the proposed model.
Long‐term effects of mulching, traditional cutting and no management on plant species composition of improved upland grassland in the Czech Republic
Authors: Gaisler Jan , Pavlů Lenka , Nwaogu Chukwudi , Pavlů Klára , Hejcman Michal , Pavlů Vilém V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA shortage of available livestock for utilizing grassland biomass in Central Europe is challenging for the management of both semi‐natural grasslands and previously intensified (limed, fertilized and reseeded) upland grasslands. An alternative method of grassland management is mulching, in which aboveground biomass is cut, crushed and subsequently spread on the surface. This paper reports on an experiment to compare three different mulching frequencies (one, two and three times per year) with an unmanaged treatment and traditional management of two cuts per year (control) on a previously improved upland meadow. Plant species composition was monitored over 13 years. Traditional management of two cuts with biomass removal was the most suitable method for maintaining plant species richness and diversity, and both were reduced significantly in the once‐mulched and especially in the unmanaged treatment. Tall dicotyledonous weeds such as Urtica dioica, Cirsium arvense and Aegopodium podagraria were promoted by the unmanaged treatment and by mulching once a year. Higher frequency of defoliation had positive effects on the spread of short forbs such as Taraxacum spp., Plantago lanceolata and Trifolium repens. After eight years, there were changes in sward structure in the unmanaged and mulched‐once‐a‐year treatments, with increase in the tall/short species ratio. In conclusion, repeated mulching cannot substitute fully for traditional two‐cut management in improved upland meadows without decreasing plant species richness and diversity, and changing the sward structure. Although mulching once a year may prevent invasion by shrubs and trees, it also supports the spread of weedy species similar to no management.
Evaluation of a standardized protocol for thrombin generation using the calibrated automated thrombogram: A Nordic study
Authors: Ljungkvist Marcus , Strandberg Karin , Berntorp Erik , Chaireti Roza , Holme Pål André , Larsen Ole Halfdan , Lassila Riitta , Jouppila Annukka , Szanto Timea , Zetterberg Eva 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionThe thrombin generation assay‐calibrated automated thrombogram (TGA‐CAT) method is used to measure the overall coagulation capacity in plasma. However, the method is still considered to be a research tool, mainly because of its’ lack of standardization.AimOur study aimed to further raise the standardization level for the TGA‐CAT method by evaluating a detailed standardization protocol and three reference plasmas’ (RP)s ability to normalize results.MethodsSix Nordic centres participated in the study, and with input from all centres a detailed laboratory standardization protocol based on the TGA‐CAT manual of the manufacturer was established. Three types of plasma, hypo‐,normal and hypercoagulable plasma were assessed. Three commercial lyophilized RPs were used for normalization of data. All samples were aliquoted at the Malmö centre and sent frozen at −20˚C to participating centres.ResultsBefore normalization, all results under all testing conditions showed inter‐laboratory coefficient of variability of 10% or lower except for endogenous thrombin potential (12%) and peak (14%) in hypo‐plasma with 1 pmol/L tissue factor as starting agent. Successful normalization, improving variability in results, was obtained with two of the three evaluated RPs (HemosIL RP and Affinity RP).ConclusionWith our standardization concept, we were able to produce TGA‐CAT results as robust as standard coagulation assays used in the routine laboratories. Normalization with HemosIL RP may be considered in populations with low or unknown coagulability, while when analysing plasma samples from populations where hypercoagulability is known or suspected, normalization with Affinity RP may be preferred.