bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity among children with asthma: Cross‐sectional analysis in the UK millennium cohort
Authors: Pike Katharine C. , Griffiths Lucy J. , Dezateux Carol , Pearce Anna 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough beneficial for health and well‐being, most children do not achieve recommended levels of physical activity. Evidence for children with asthma is mixed, with symptom severity rarely considered. This paper aimed to address this gap.MethodsWe analyzed cross‐sectional associations between physical activity and parent‐reported asthma symptoms and severity for 6497 UK Millennium Cohort Study 7−year‐old participants (3321, [49%] girls). Primary outcomes were daily moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA, minutes) and proportion of children achieving recommended minimum daily levels of 60 minutes of MVPA. Daily steps, sedentary time, and total activity counts per minute (cpm) were recorded, as were parent‐reported asthma symptoms, medications, and recent hospital admissions. Associations were investigated using quantile (continuous outcomes) and Poisson (binary outcomes) regression, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, health, and environmental factors.ResultsNeither asthma status nor severity was associated with MVPA; children recently hospitalized for asthma were less likely to achieve recommended daily MVPA (risk ratio [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 0.67 [0.44, 1.03]). Recent wheeze, current asthma, and severe asthma symptoms were associated with fewer sedentary hours (difference in medians [95% CI]: −0.18 [−0.27, −0.08]; −0.14 [−0.24, −0.05]; −0.15, [−0.28, −0.02], respectively) and hospital admission with lower total activity (−48 cpm [−68, −28]).ConclusionChildren with asthma are as physically active as their asthma‐free counterparts, while those recently hospitalized for asthma are less active. Qualitative studies are needed to understand the perceptions of children and families about physical activity following hospital admission and to inform support and advice needed to maintain active lifestyles for children with asthma.
Comparison of heated humidiﬁed high‐flow nasal cannula flow rates (1‐L·kg·min−1 vs 2‐L·kg·min−1) in the management of acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Yurtseven Ali , Turan Caner , Erseven Eren , Saz Eylem Ulas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to compare the heated humidiﬁed high‐ﬂow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) flow rate of 1‐L·kg·min−1 (1 L) with 2‐L·kg·min
−1 (2 L) in patients with severe bronchiolitis presenting to the pediatric emergency department.Study designWe performed a study in which all patients were allocated to receive these two flow rates. The primary outcome was admitted as treatment failure, which was defined as a clinical escalation in respiratory status. Secondary outcomes covered a decrease of respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), the clinical respiratory score (CRS), rise of peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), and rates of weaning, intubation, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐eight cases (88 received the 1‐L flow rate and 80, the 2‐L flow rate) were included in the analyses. Treatment failure was 11.4% (10 of 88) in the 1‐L group, and 10% (8 of 80) in the 2‐L group (P = .775). Significant variation in the intubation rate or the ICU admission rate was not determined. At the 2nd hour, the rate of weaning (53.4% vs 35%;
P = .017), the falling down of the CRS (−2.1 vs −1.5;
P < .001), RR (−15.2 vs −11.8;
P < .001), and HR (− 24.8 vs − 21.2;
P < .001), and the increase of SpO
2 (4.8 vs 3.6;
P < .001) were significantly more evident in the 1‐L group.ConclusionHHHFNC with the 1‐L·kg·min−1 flow rate, which provides a more frequent earlier effect, reached therapy success as high as the 2‐L·kg·min
−1 flow rate in patients with severe acute bronchiolitis.
Inheritance and fitness costs of sulfoxaflor resistance in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
Authors: Liao Xun , Mao Kaikai , Ali Ehsan , Jin Ruoheng , Li Zhao , Li Wenhao , Li Jianhong , Wan Hu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfoxaflor has been considered as a new tool for Nilaparvata lugens control in the field. In this study, a laboratory‐selected resistant strain and a susceptible strain were used to evaluate the inheritance and fitness costs of sulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens.RESULTSThe resistant strain (SFX‐SEL) showed 123.63‐fold resistance compared with the susceptible strain (SS). Progenies of reciprocal crosses (F1RS and F1SR) showed similar concentration–mortality responses (LC50) to sulfoxaflor and also exhibited a similar degree of dominance; −0.16 for F1RS and −0.26 for F1SR. Significant differences between the observed and expected mortalities of F2 individuals suggested that sulfoxaflor resistance is associated with multiple genes. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.75 with substantially decreased female adult period, oviposition days, total fecundity, egg hatchability and female adult survival rate, and prolonged pre‐adult period and total pre‐oviposition period.CONCLUSIONSulfoxaflor resistance in N. lugens was inherited as autosomal, incompletely recessive and multigene. The development of resistance may have a significant fitness cost for the resistant population. Current research provides valuable information for researchers to establish management strategies to delay the development of sulfoxaflor resistance and control N. lugens sustainably in the field. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Real‐time dense mapping for online processing and navigation
Authors: Ling Yonggen , Shen Shaojie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAutonomous robots require accurate localizations and dense mappings for motion planning. We consider the navigation scenario where the dense representation of the robot surrounding must be immediately available, and require that the system is capable of an instantaneous map correction if a loop closure is detected by the localization module. To satisfy the real‐time processing requirement of online robotics applications, our presented system bounds the algorithmic complexity of the localization pipeline by restricting the number of variables to be optimized at each time instant. A dense map representation along with a local dense map reconstruction strategy is also proposed. Despite the limits that are imposed by the real‐time requirement and planning safety, the mapping quality of our method is comparable to other competitive methods. For implementations, we additionally introduce a few engineering considerations, such as the system architecture, the variable initialization, the memory management, the image processing, and so forth, to improve the system performance. Extensive experimental validations of our presented system are performed on the KITTI and NewCollege datasets, and through an online experiment around the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) university campus. We release our implementation as open‐source robot operating system (ROS) packages for the benefit of the community.
Oral Language Intervention in Norwegian Schools Serving Young Language‐Minority Learners: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Heller Mia C. , Lervåg Arne , Grøver Vibeke 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this randomized trial study, the authors examined the efficacy of a practitioner partnership language intervention addressing oral language learning (expressive and receptive) in young language‐minority learners from multiple‐language groups in Norway. Resource teachers in 16 elementary schools implemented the intervention in the first and second grades, delivering a total of 64 thirty‐minute sessions over eight consecutive weeks. With a mean age of 6 years 3.34 months, 137 students were randomly allocated to an intervention group or a waiting‐list control group, with the latter group receiving the intervention after posttest 1. Five assessments of oral language skills were conducted before the intervention, immediately following it, and four months later. The intervention group showed significant improvements in various oral language skills compared with the waiting‐list control group. There were no significant differences between the groups at the four‐month follow‐up when the waiting‐list control group received the intervention. The program was successful in enhancing oral language skills in young language‐minority learners.
Emulating a trial of joint dynamic strategies: An application to monitoring and treatment of HIV‐positive individuals
Authors: Caniglia Ellen C. , Robins James M. , Cain Lauren E. , Sabin Caroline , Logan Roger , Abgrall Sophie , Mugavero Michael J. , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Meyer Laurence , Seng Remonie , Drozd Daniel R. , Seage III George R. , Bonnet Fabrice , Le Marec Fabien , Moore Richard D. , Reiss Peter , van Sighem Ard , Mathews William C. , Jarrín Inma , Alejos Belén , Deeks Steven G. , Muga Roberto , Boswell Stephen L. , Ferrer Elena , Eron Joseph J. , Gill John , Pacheco Antonio , Grinsztejn Beatriz , Napravnik Sonia , Jose Sophie , Phillips Andrew , Justice Amy , Tate Janet , Bucher Heiner C. , Egger Matthias , Furrer Hansjakob , Miro Jose M. , Casabona Jordi , Porter Kholoud , Touloumi Giota , Crane Heidi , Costagliola Dominique , Saag Michael , Hernán Miguel A. 
Published: March 2019

Decisions about when to start or switch a therapy often depend on the frequency with which individuals are monitored or tested. For example, the optimal time to switch antiretroviral therapy depends on the frequency with which HIV‐positive individuals have HIV RNA measured. This paper describes an approach to use observational data for the comparison of joint monitoring and treatment strategies and applies the method to a clinically relevant question in HIV research: when can monitoring frequency be decreased and when should individuals switch from a first‐line treatment regimen to a new regimen?We outline the target trial that would compare the dynamic strategies of interest and then describe how to emulate it using data from HIV‐positive individuals included in the HIV‐CAUSAL Collaboration and the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems. When, as in our example, few individuals follow the dynamic strategies of interest over long periods of follow‐up, we describe how to leverage an additional assumption: no direct effect of monitoring on the outcome of interest. We compare our results with and without the “no direct effect” assumption. We found little differences on survival and AIDS‐free survival between strategies where monitoring frequency was decreased at a CD4 threshold of 350 cells/μl compared with 500 cells/μl and where treatment was switched at an HIV‐RNA threshold of 1000 copies/ml compared with 200 copies/ml. The “no direct effect” assumption resulted in efficiency improvements for the risk difference estimates ranging from an 7‐ to 53‐fold increase in the effective sample size.
The costs of refocusing: Evidence from hedge fund closures during the financial crisis
Authors: de Figueiredo Rui J. P. , Feldman Emilie R. , Rawley Evan 
Published: March 2019

Research SummaryThis paper investigates the costs of corporate scope reduction (“refocusing”). Using data on hedge fund firms that were quasi‐exogenously driven to close funds during the 2007–2009 financial crisis, we find evidence that refocusing imposes meaningful economic costs on firms. To better understand the mechanisms behind this result, we disaggregate refocusing costs along two dimensions: the degree of relatedness between the business that was closed and its sister divisions, and the duration of time over which the costs persist. The results suggest that refocusing imposes meaningful, yet transitory, adjustment costs on firms, and destroys synergies when related businesses are closed, creating more persistent costs. Accordingly, our work contributes to the corporate strategy literature by characterizing and evaluating the costs of refocusing.Managerial SummaryWe examine the costs of “refocusing,” defined as multi‐business companies reducing the number of businesses they operate. Using data on hedge funds that were driven to close one or more of their funds during the 2007–2009 financial crisis, we show that refocusing imposes meaningful economic costs on companies. We find that refocusing costs are larger and persist for longer when the business that was closed is more closely related to other businesses within the company. Together, our results suggest that refocusing may destroy synergies and be difficult for organizations to manage. This implies that managers should take steps to mitigate the dislocations that may occur as the refocusing process unfolds, as well as the long‐run persistence in synergy destruction when more‐related businesses are closed.
Biomimetic Compartments Scaffolded by Nucleic Acid Nanostructures
Authors: Fu Jinglin , Oh Sung Won , Monckton Kristin , Arbuckle‐Keil Georgia , Ke Yonggang , Zhang Ting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe behaviors of living cells are governed by a series of regulated and confined biochemical reactions. The design and successful construction of synthetic cellular reactors can be useful in a broad range of applications that will bring significant scientific and economic impact. Over the past few decades, DNA self‐assembly has enabled the design and fabrication of sophisticated 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures, and is applied to organizing a variety of biomolecular components into prescribed 2D and 3D patterns. In this Concept, the recent and exciting progress in DNA‐scaffolded compartmentalizations and their applications in enzyme encapsulation, lipid membrane assembly, artificial transmembrane nanopores, and smart drug delivery are in focus. Taking advantage of these features promises to deliver breakthroughs toward the attainment of new synthetic and biomimetic reactors.
Analytical study of the Middle Kingdom group of gold jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa, Egypt
Authors: Troalen Lore , Guerra Maria F. , Maitland Margaret , Ponting Matthew , Price Campbell 
Published: March 2019

The jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa, consisting of one pectoral and one winged beetle in gold and cloisonné work, one gold shell pendant decorated with wires and granulation, and one hollow gold amulet in the form of god Min, was analysed by handheld X‐ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. This group of jewellery, dated to the second half of the 12th Dynasty (c. 1900–1840 B.C.), was excavated inside the coffin of an adult male, which had been crushed after burial by the collapse of the chamber roof during an episode of looting. Both the male and the looter's body were found inside the chamber, evidencing that the group of jewellery was intact. Despite having been highly restored in the past, as referenced in the correspondence between the excavator Flinders Petrie and the curators of the Manchester Museum, it could be shown that the jewellery was produced using Ag‐rich electrum alloys containing platinum group element inclusions that indicate the use of alluvial gold. The analysis of some joins has confirmed the use of hard‐soldering, with solders obtained by addition of Cu to the base‐alloy. Data obtained for the jewellery of tomb 124 were compared with data previously obtained for tomb 296, also excavated at Riqqa, but dated to the 18th Dynasty. The comparison demonstrates the continuity of the workshop traditions in one location between the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom but also reveals discrepancies in the alloys employed in those two periods.
Unexpected Inferences from Sensor Data: A Hidden Privacy Threat in the Internet of Things
Authors: Kröger Jacob 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA growing number of sensors, embedded in wearables, smart electric meters and other connected devices, is surrounding us and reaching ever deeper into our private lives. While some sensors are commonly regarded as privacy-sensitive and always require user permission to be activated, others are less protected and less worried about. However, experimental research findings indicate that many seemingly innocuous sensors can be exploited to infer highly sensitive information about people in their vicinity. This paper reviews existing evidence from the literature and discusses potential implications for consumer privacy. Specifically, the analysis reveals that certain insufficiently protected sensors in smart devices allow inferences about users’ locations, activities and real identities, as well as about their keyboard and touchscreen inputs. The presented findings call into question the adequacy of current sensor access policies. It is argued that most data captured by smart consumer devices should be classified as highly sensitive by default. An introductory overview of sensors commonly found in these devices is also provided, along with a proposed classification scheme.
Opportunities for the Internet of Things in the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Domain
Authors: Kotzé Paula , Coetzee Louis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper analyses the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) context in South Africa and presents views regarding the possible use of the Internet of Things (IoT) for WASH in South Africa. The views were informed by an analysis of literature related to the WASH domain nationally and internationally. Example case studies of the use of IoT in the WASH sector in developing countries, and where possible Africa, provided further background. As a triangulation exercise, a survey amongst various stakeholders in the WASH domain was conducted. To contextualise the WASH sector in South Africa, value chains were derived. To identity the opportunities for IoT, the findings of the study were combined with insights acquired on the IoT domain in general, both from literature and our experience and learnings.
Internet of Things: The Present Status, Future Impacts and Challenges in Nigerian Agriculture
Authors: Bamigboye Funmilayo O. , Ademola Emmanuel O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study considered the current state of internet of things in Nigeria, future prospects and challenges to the usage of the technology in Nigerian Agriculture. In Nigeria, IoT has been used to dispense feed and water to chicks, virtual fences for monitoring farmlands and forest trees, cashless sales and purchases of farm produce and input, monitoring and management of staff performances on the farm and e-wallet for input, loan and information accessibility on agricultural issues. However, there is room for improvement in the area of security for the animals (animal tracking), weather forecasting and real-time soil monitoring, livestock and crop health surveillance. Challenges faced in the usage of IoT in Nigeria are inadequate/lack of capital, skilled manpower, facilities. In conclusion, IoT has great potentials to move Nigerian agriculture to an enviable position.
The Internet of Things is Hardly About Technology
Authors: van der Klauw Kees 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost definitions of the Internet of Things (IoT) take a technology perspective, referring to connected devices exchanging data with each other and with higher levels, establishing autonomously operating systems. From a business perspective, IoT can be regarded as a business transformation, driving commoditization or even threatening conventional businesses, providing opportunities for product and process improvements and opening perspectives for services business or entirely new businesses based on data acquired by IoT. While the development of the Internet of Things resembles in many aspects the characteristics of for example semiconductor and IT platforms, there are some essential differences, mainly in scale and scope, that make the kickstart of a successful IoT more complex. This paper addresses key elements of a successful deployment of IoT and also key roles for IT professionals in IoT.
First ultrastructural evidence of placental nutrition in a ctenostome bryozoan: example of Amathia verticillata
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Moosbrugger Martin , Walzl Manfred , Ostrovsky Andrew N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMatrotrophy and its most advanced mode—placentation—is a masterpiece of nature contributing to offspring fitness. It has been studied mainly in vertebrates, whereas so-called placental analogues in invertebrates are poorly known. Here we use an ultrastructural approach to report the first evidence of placentation in the ctenostome bryozoan Amathia verticillata. This marine colonial suspension-feeder incubates its progeny in the tentacle sheath, which is transformed into a brood chamber. When the fertilized egg is deposited into the brood cavity, the tentacle sheath wall, originally consisting of flattened epithelial cells, is modified into an embryophore (placental analogue) via cell multiplication and hypertrophy. The embryophore (nutritive) cells develop a massive secretory apparatus and acquire ‘microvillous’ apical membranes indicating the presence of exocytosis. In turn, the embryo surface cells also form a complex network of irregular projections and foldings. Coated pits beneath this network indicate active endocytosis. The developing embryo is adjacent to the embryophore and the narrow slit between them is filled with dense and flocculent (presumably nutritive) material. The embryo increases up to 24-fold in size indicating substantial matrotrophic provisioning. We compare the ultrastructural details of placentation in A. verticillata with those known in cheilostome bryozoans, and review the major structural principles of placentation in Bryozoa in general. We then discuss possible ways of nutrient transport to the embryophore in various bryozoan clades.
ApoE4 lowers age at onset in patients with frontotemporal dementia and tauopathy independent of amyloid‐β copathology
Authors: Koriath Carolin , Lashley Tammaryn , Taylor William , Druyeh Ronald , Dimitriadis Athanasios , Denning Nicola , Williams Julie , Warren Jason D. , Fox Nick C. , Schott Jonathan M. , Rowe James B. , Collinge John , Rohrer Jonathan D. , Mead Simon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with ApoE4 thought to enhance and accelerate amyloid‐β (Aβ) pathology. ApoE4 has recently been described to increase neurodegeneration in a mouse model of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in vitro, and in patients, demonstrating that ApoE4 modifies tauopathy independently of Aβ. This raises the question whether ApoE genotype also modifies the clinical phenotype in patients with FTD with tau pathology.MethodsWe analyzed 704 patients with FTD, including a genetically and neuropathologically confirmed subset, and 452 healthy elderly controls. We compared ApoE4 genotype frequency and age at onset in tau+ or TDP43+ FTD patients with or without Aβ copathology.ResultsThe ApoE4 genotype lowered age at onset in patients with FTD and tau pathology, particularly once accounting for confounding effects of Aβ pathology.DiscussionWe conclude that ApoE4 accelerates neurodegeneration in FTD patients with MAPT mutations or FTLD‐tau pathology, independent of Aβ.