bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Microscopy Study of Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Leonard Gurgas , Nelu Doru-Popescu , Tony Hangan , Sergiu Chirila , Olimpia Moroianu , Natalia Roşoiu 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The electron microscopic study represent the changes in the skin layers in the malignant tumor, the nodular basal cell epithelioma. Comparisons were made between normal cells found in the normal skin at the periphery of the tumor, the cells located near the tumor and the tumors located in the depth of the carcinoma. The microscopic analysis of the tumor formation revealed the characteristics of the pigmented nodular basal cell epitheliu. To the exterior of the carcinoma were evidenced numerous globular formations limiting the peripheral extension of the tumor, which explains its evolution in years.
The Influence of Glicated Hemoglobine on Whole Blood Visosity in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Monica Tudorache , Loredana Hanzu-Pazara , Daniela Dușa , Carmen Ciufu , Nicolae Ceamitru , Ileana Ion 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The complications, especially those affecting microcirculation, exhibit great importance in the assessment and follow-up of patients with diabetes mellitus. Blood viscosity plays its most important role in the microcirculation where it contributes significantly to peripheral resistance and may cause sludging in the post capillary venules. The effect of whole blood viscosity in patients whit diabetic nephropaty is still unclear.
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of glicaemic control measured by glicated hemoglobin on rheological parameters, and especially on whole blood and plasma viscosity in patients with diabetic nephropaty. Blood viscosity is an important determinant of local flow characteristics. Blood exhibits shear thinning behavior: its viscosity decreases exponentially with increasing shear rates.
Estimation of whole blood and plasma viscosity was made on 42 patients, comparing different stages of diabetic nephropathy and with different values of glicated hemoglobin.
Depression of the regulatory mechanisms of microvascular blood flow as well as decreased tissue perfusion indicated the restricted blood flow in microcirculatory network in diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion blood viscosity was elevated in the patients with major organ complications and not in the patients without or with early complications, in correlation with poor glicaemic control.
Anatomical Considerations of the Ostium of the Subclavian Artery
Authors: Anna Sachoulidou , Maria Bărdaş Ana , Petru Bordei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The subclavian artery’s are two voluminous artery’s, left and right, which have their origin in a different way, the right one originating from the brahiocefalic trunk, and the left one directly from the aortic arch, at a distance that varies according to the origin of the left common carotid arteries.
Our study was made on computed tomography angiography, on which we have had the opportunity to examine the scans from Medimar Imagistic Center, in the County Clinical Hospital “Sf. Andrei” in Constanta, being carried out on a computer tomography GE LightSpeed 16 slice CT. Also, we had available angiography’s executed in the center for diagnosis Pozimed, being carried out on a computer tomography GE LightSpeed VCT64 Slice CT.
The variability of the findings in the anatomical parts of the subclavicular artery’s ostium, both as regards the size of the horizontal and vertical diameters, also their shape and as regards morfological relations with other branches of the aortic arch. The dimensions of the diameters vary according to sex, but it is a general rule that the dimensions are higher in male, the minimum and maximum values may be different in the two sexes.
Humusica: Soil biodiversity and global change
Authors: Zanella Augusto , Ascher-Jenull Judith , Ponge Jean-François , Bolzonella Cristian , Banas Damien , De Nobili Maria , Fusaro Silvia , Sella Luca , Giannini Raffaello 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Born in Trento (Italy, 2003) for the purpose of standardising vocabulary and units of humus form classification, after publishing a first synthetic classification e-book (Zanella et al. 2011) they do not cover all site conditions in the European area. Although having basic concepts and general lines, the European (and North American, Canadian, the Humus group decided to use its classification for handling global change (Zanella and Ascher-Jenull 2018). The process is detailed in many scientific articles published in three Special Issues (Humusica 1, 2 and 3) of the journal Applied Soil Ecology. Conceptually, the whole of Humusica answers three crucial questions: A) What is soil? Soil is a biological ecosystem. It recycles dead structures and implements mineral material, furnishing more or less re-elaborated organic, mineral and organic-mineral elements to support living organisms. Article chapters: 1. Essential vocabulary; 2. Soil covers all the Earth’s surfaces (soil as the seat of processes of organic matter storage and recycling); 3. Soil may be involved in the process of natural evolution (through organisms’ process of recycling biomass after death). B) If soil has a biogenic essence, how should it be classified to serve such managerial purposes as landscape exploitation or protection? A useful classification of soil should consider and propose useful references to biologically discriminate soil features. Article chapters: 4. Soil corresponds to a biogenic structure; 5. TerrHum, an App for classifying forest humipedons worldwide (a first attempt to use a smartphone as a field manual for humus form classification). C) How can this soil classification be used for handling the current global change? Using the collected knowledge about the biodiversity and functioning of natural (or semi-natural) soil for reconstructing the lost biodiversity/functioning of heavily exploited or degraded soils. Article chapters: 6. Agricultural soils correspond to simplified natural soils (comparison between natural and agricultural soils); 7. Organic waste and agricultural soils; 8. Is traditional agriculture economically sustainable? Comparing past traditional farm practices (in 1947) and contemporary intensive farm practices in the Venice province of Italy.
Soil classification in Belarus: history and current problems
Authors: Tsyrybka Viktar , Ustsinava Hanna 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The article contains a brief history of the development of the soil classification scheme of the Republic of Belarus. It comprises the description of the most widely-used (acknowledged) genetic classification of soils, characteristics of basic taxonomic units (type, subtype, sort, kind, and variation), and characteristics of the 13 main types of Belarusian soils. The map of the soil cover of Belarus and the morphological and genetic characteristics of typical and unique soil varieties are presented. The main problems of the national soil classification and its correlation with the international WRB system are shown.
Classification of shallow and skeletal mountain soils with the WRB system on the example of the Trialeti Range, Lesser Caucasus (Georgia)
Authors: Kunchulia Ilia , Kakhadze Rusudan , Tsereteli Giuli , Ghambashidze Giorgi , Urushadze Teo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the usefulness of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) 2015 to classify shallow soils on mountains of the Trialeti Range, Lesser Caucasus, Georgia. The article also presents the evolution of the concept of Leptosols and of the qualifier “Leptic” and the diagnostic property of continuous rock. It also provides approaches to defining keys in the reference soil group (RSG) of Leptosols and identifying principal and supplementary qualifiers in WRB 2015 on example of soils of the Trialeti Range. The article gives few examples of classification for such shallow and stony soils with different set of qualifiers. Most of them fulfil the criteria of Leptosols and Regosols. These soils occur on the mountain range together with other RSGs (e.g. Pheozems). The authors propose to add the qualifier Technolithic to the list of Principal/Supplementary qualifiers of Leptosols.
Challenges of Soil Taxonomy and WRB in classifying soils: some examples from Iranian soils
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Hassan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The two most widely used soil classifications are the Soil Taxonomy (ST) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). The purpose of this paper is to clarify the differences and the similarities between ST and WRB in their current state, with some examples for representative soils in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Four representative pedons were classified and soil units from WRB were compared to those obtained by using ST at the family level. WRB could show the status of soils polluted by heavy metals through the Toxic qualifier and its subqualifiers. On the other hand, ST could indicate the status of shallow soils in our studied soils but it was not able to show gleyic conditions and the existence of a salic horizon because of the differences in its criteria compared to those of WRB. Special effort should be made to quantify various anthropogenic activities in upcoming editions of both classification systems.
Spatial variations in soil properties across ecotones: a short review
Authors: Marfo Theodore Danso , Resjek Klement , Vranova Valerie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Ecotones are considered as unique environments. The concepts of edge effect and ecotone species (flora and fauna) are widely used. Considering the fact that the majority of the species found in ecotones are usually at their physiologically determined limits of distribution, how they react to global climate changes becomes crucial. Ecotones are reputed to be more biologically diverse than areas close to them, and therefore possesses a high conservation value, yet little is known on how soil properties vary across ecotones. In this paper, we firstly highlighted the roles ecotones play in assessing the effect on global climate change, the mediatory role they play in the movement of material (water and nutrients) into and out of the region. Secondly, we reviewed studies on how soil properties change across ecotones and it is worthwhile to note that soil properties tend to differ across various ecotones (e.g. increasing pH and decreasing P & N across forest–glade ecotones, decreasing pH across ancient–recent forest ecotones) in a manner that defines the character of the ecotones existing.
The Soil Classification course in Russian universities: an important ingredient of education
Authors: Gerasimova Maria , Bezuglova Olga 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The teaching of soil classification in the universities of Russia is being discussed as a comparatively new experience in the education of environmental science students. The lecture course (24–30 academic hours) changes in response to the inevitable changes in soil classification systems. In the introduction, the objectives and structure of soil classifications are outlined, and then a brief overview of the most well-known national systems is given, which is also important for understanding the difficulties, origin and problems of the International WRB system. The latter is the central point of the lecture course: its principles are explained, the main diagnostic features of Reference Soil Groups are communicated, and students are trained to use system basing on the descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data relating to them. As a result, students give WRB names to soils either by correlating with a name from the national system, which is familiar to them, or by looking at soil profile photos; in both cases morphological and analytical data are clarified by the teacher. Chernozem is used as an example for training. In the conclusion, the reasons to know soil classifications are specified, and they are differentiated for soil scientists, geochemists and geographers.
The internet as a source of knowledge about soil cover of Poland
Authors: Świtoniak Marcin , Augustyniak Dawid , Charzyński Przemysław 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the quality and correctness of information on Polish soils available on selected websites. Particular attention was paid to educational portals, which became the subject of evaluation of the information its contains in terms of the correctness, up-to-dateness and reliability. Twenty-five websites representing educational portals and blogs were selected for analysis in terms of their contents (type of subject matter) correctness (substantial value), curentness (presence of up-to-date information) and completeness. Most of the information on the evaluated educational portals is targeted at high school students. These websites present only basic content. The most frequent issues on the analyzed portals were: soil types and soil systematics, distribution of soils in Poland, definition of soil and also soil valuation classes. Websites addressed to university students constitute a decided minority, could be said, that even an exception. One of those is article on Wikipedia, which has the highest educational value among all analysed websites.
Soils in the Slovenian educational system
Authors: Repe Blaž 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
There is a considerable amount of confusion in soil-related topics at all levels of Slovenian education. The fundamental problem is the use of the term “soil”. We use several different terms for more or less the same natural phenomenon. Other problems include the lack of an official Slovenian soil classification, the occasional use of out-of-date soil topics in primary and secondary education, the inexpert use of soil names for soil types of the World, and very few higher education soil specialisations. There are a lot of existing initiatives to improve the current state, but there are still a lot of obstacles impeding this process.
Using of Aerogel to Improve Thermal Insulating Properties of Windows
Authors: Valachova Denisa , Zdrazilova Nada , Panovec Vladan , Skotnicova Iveta 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
For the best possible thermal-technical properties of building structures it is necessary to use materials with very low thermal conductivity. Due to the increasing thermal-technical requirements for building structures, the insulating materials are developed. One of the modern thermal insulating materials is so-called aerogel. Unfortunately, this material is not used in the field of external thermal insulation composite systems because of its price and its properties. The aim of this paper is to present possibilities of using this insulating material in the civil engineering - specifically a usage of aerogel in the production of windows.
Investigating the Performance of Viscoelastic Dampers (VED) Under Nearfield Earthquakes with Directivity Feature
Authors: Vatanshenas Ali , Rohanimanesh Mohammad Sadegh , Mohammadiha Ehsan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
One of the most important factors that make structures vulnerable to earthquakes is the short distance between structures and epicenter. Near-field earthquakes have special properties, such as increasing acceleration applied to the structure, which distinguishes them from far-field earthquakes. Therefore, the absorption of input energy for structures located near the faults is very important. Hence, by rotating the earthquake acceleration time history and comparing the resulting spectral acceleration response, the angle which applies the greatest force to the structure on the earthquake directivity side is obtained, and then the performance of a steel structure with viscoelastic dampers (VED) under near-field earthquakes with directivity feature is investigated. After analyzing the structure using nonlinear time history analysis, it was observed that the directivity phenomenon leads to significant increase in the force applied to the structure, but the viscoelastic dampers showed an acceptable performance in both states of with and without directivity.
Pinned - Fixed Beam - Column Resistance Verification According to European Standards
Authors: Prokop Jozef , Vičan Josef 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Verification of beam-column resistance can be accomplished according to design approaches given in EN 1993-1-1 [1]. These approaches are derived from verification of single span beam with pinned end conditions subjected to compression and bending moments. In the case of different end conditions, the application of those approaches is not so accurate and more difficult. Therefore, the comparison of verification according to above standard EN 1993-1-1 [1] as well as EN 1999-1-1 [2] to results of experimental analyses of beam-columns having pinned-fixed end conditions subjected to an eccentric compressive force simulating the behaviour of columns integrated into frames is presented in this paper.
Rating of Dynamic Coefficient for Simple Beam Bridge Design on High-Speed Railways
Authors: Diachenko Leonid , Benin Andrey , Smirnov Vladimir , Diachenko Anastasia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of the work is to improve the methodology for the dynamic computation of simple beam spans during the impact of high-speed trains.
Mathematical simulation utilizing numerical and analytical methods of structural mechanics is used in the research.
The article analyses parameters of the effect of high-speed trains on simple beam spanning bridge structures and suggests a technique of determining of the dynamic index to the live load. Reliability of the proposed methodology is confirmed by results of numerical simulation of high-speed train passage over spans with different speeds. The proposed algorithm of dynamic computation is based on a connection between maximum acceleration of the span in the resonance mode of vibrations and the main factors of stress-strain state. The methodology allows determining maximum and also minimum values of the main efforts in the construction that makes possible to perform endurance tests. It is noted that dynamic additions for the components of the stress-strain state (bending moments, transverse force and vertical deflections) are different. This condition determines the necessity for differentiated approach to evaluation of dynamic coefficients performing design verification of I and II groups of limiting state. The practical importance: the methodology of determining the dynamic coefficients allows making dynamic calculation and determining the main efforts in split beam spans without numerical simulation and direct dynamic analysis that significantly reduces the labour costs for design.
Diagnostics of Wooden Poles Situated in the Open - Air Museum Using Sonic Tomography
Authors: Makýš Oto , Krušinský Peter , Korenková Renáta , Šrobárová Dominika 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper deals with the lifetime of wooden poles, situated in the archaeological open-air museum Liptovská Mara - Havránok, which were erected outdoors about 12 years ago. It is aimed at diagnosing their condition using sonic tomography. The poles differ from each other in the location, anchorage, and positioning in terms of the terrain slope. Investigation was focused on the free-standing poles (quasi sacrifice poles) and the poles that are part of the fortification (gates and walls). Measurements were carried out using the device Fakopp ArborSonic 3D Sonic Tomograph that has 18 sensors. It measures the sonic response (sound velocity) in a tree stem. Sound wave velocity within sound wood depends on its species, moisture content, and the direction of measurement. Measurements brought remarkable results.
Reduction of Dynamic Impacts in Block Made of Concrete - Rubber Composites
Authors: Major Maciej , Major Izabela , Kuchárová Daniela , Kuliński Krzysztof 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper presents numerical analysis of block made of three layers: concrete with I-shape rubber pads, space filled with air and concrete with embedded cross rubber pads, respectively. The block is subjected to the dynamic load. To the analysis as rubber the hyperelastic incompressible Zahorski material model was assumed. This material well describes the real material properties in the range of large elastic deformations. Embedded rubber pads provide an additional protection against the transversal dynamic load. ADINA software was utilized to perform numerical analysis of determining the percentage damping factor of rubber-concrete composite in comparison with block made of concrete.
Evaluation of the Carrying Capacity of Rectangular Steel-Concrete Columns
Authors: Vatulia Glib , Rezunenko Maryna , Petrenko Dmytro , Rezunenko Sergii 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Experimental studies of rectangular steel-concrete columns under centric compression with random eccentricity were conducted. The stress-strain state and the carrying capacity exhaustion have been assessed. The regression dependence is proposed to determine the maximum carrying capacity of such columns. The mathematical model takes into account the combined influence of the physical and geometric characteristics of the columns, such as their length, crosssectional area, casing thickness, prism strength of concrete, yield strength of steel, modulus of elasticity of both steel and concrete. The correspondence of the obtained model to the experimental data, as well as the significance of the regression parameters are confirmed by the Fisher and Student criteria.
An image encryption scheme employing key related skipping
Authors: Oravec Jakub , Turán Ján , Ovseník L’uboš , Huszaník Tomáš 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper describes an image encryption algorithm which utilizes chaotic logistic map. Values generated by this map are used in two steps of algorithm which shuffles image pixels and then changes their intensities. Design of the encryption scheme considers possibility of various attacks, such as statistical, differential or phase space reconstruction attacks. Robustness against last mentioned type of attacks is introduced by selective skipping of values generated by the map. This skipping depends on key entered by user. The paper also verifies properties of proposed algorithm by common measures and by set of statistical tests that examine randomness of computed encrypted images. Results are compared with other approaches and they are also briefly discussed.
Robust guaranteed performance PID controller design for non-minimum phase plants
Authors: Bucz Štefan , Kozáková Alena , Veselý Vojtech 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a new original robust PID design method for non-minimum phase plants to achieve closed-loop performance prescribed by the process technologist in terms of settling time and maximum overshoot, respectively. The proposed design procedure has two steps: first, the uncertain system is identified using external harmonic excitation signal with frequency, second, the controller of the nominal system is designed for specified gain margin. A couple of parameters is obtained from the time domain performance specification using quadratic regression curves, the so-called performance Bparabolas so, as to simultaneously satisfy robust closed-loop stability conditions. The main benefits of the proposed method are universal applicability for systems with both fast and slow dominant dynamics as well as performance specification using time domain criteria. The proposed PID design method has been verified on a set of benchmark systems.