bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of antibacterial poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) grafted on poly(vinyl alcohol)‐formaldehyde sponges and their properties
Authors: Yang X. , Sha D. , Jiang H. , Shi K. , Xu J. D. , Yu C. , Wei H. , Wang B. L. , Ji X. L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTConventional wound dressings cover wound surfaces and separate them from the outer environment. However, wound sites are readily infected by some bacteria during healing. To overcome these problems, a macroporous sample is designed through the grafting polymerization of hydrophilic sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) on poly(vinyl alcohol)‐formaldehyde (PVF) sponges. The as‐prepared PVF sponges have a grafting percentage of 15–50%, an average pore size of 60–90 μm, and a high porosity of 90%. This series of PVF‐g‐PSBMA sponges can absorb deionized water and saline solution at approximately 16 g·g−1within 2 min because of their hydrophilic surface and macroporous structure. The antibacterial potential of PVF‐g‐PSBMA sponges againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureusis evaluated via a shake flask test. As the grafting percentage increase from 15 to 50%, the antibacterial activities against Gram‐positiveS. aureusand Gram‐negativeE. coligradually increase from 87 to 95% and from 94 to 99%, respectively. The biocompatibility of these sponges is confirmed through anin vitrocell viability assay. All of the survival rates of the bacterial cells relative to the control (100% of metabolic activity) exceed 90% as the extract ratio of PVF‐g‐PSBMA sponges increase. Thus, the as‐prepared PVF‐g‐PSBMA sponges can be an ideal wound dressing candidate. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47047.
Wall‐Mesoporous Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanotubes for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Bai Jiaxin , Han Qing , Cheng Zhihua , Qu Liangti 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) has attracted tremendous attention as visible‐light photocatalyst. However, for further improving the catalytic activity, multilevel and hierarchical nanostructuring of g‐CN is highly desirable to effectively expose active sites and facilitate separation and migration of photoexciteded charge carriers for largely enhanced photocatalytic behavior. Here, we prepare wall‐mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (g‐CNNTs) by in situ annealing of urea microrod arrays preformed in virtue of a vertical gradient freeze growth (VGFG) method. Benefiting from the distinctive structural features, the hierarchical g‐CNNTs exhibit a high photocatalytic H2 production rate of 8789 μmol h−1 g−1 with an excellent apparent quantum yield of 6.3 % under visible‐light irradiation and long‐term cycling stability. This work provides a facile and eco‐friendly strategy to prepare a new type of carbon nitride‐based nanostructural material for photocatalysis and environmental remediation.
Randomized clinical trial of short or long interval between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Akgun E , Caliskan C , Bozbiyik O , Yoldas T , Sezak M , Ozkok S , Kose T , Karabulut B , Harman M , Ozutemiz O 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal timing of surgery following preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is controversial. This trial aimed to compare pathological complete response (pCR) rates obtained after an interval of 8 weeks or less versus more than 8 weeks.MethodsPatients with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma situated within 12 cm of the anal verge (T3–4 or N+ disease) were randomized to undergo total mesorectal excision (TME) within 8 weeks (classical interval, CI group) or after 8 weeks (long interval, LI group) following CRT.ResultsAmong the 327 included patients (CI 160, LI 167), the pCR rate was significantly higher in the LI group than in the CI group (10·0 versus 18·6 per cent; P = 0·027). The highest pCR rate (29 per cent) was observed between 10 and 11 weeks. There was statistically significant disease regression in the LI group, with better stage (P = 0·004) and T category (P = 0·001) than in the CI group. There was no significant difference in surgical quality (rates of tumour-positive margins, TME quality, anastomotic leakage and intraoperative perforation) between the groups. The overall morbidity rate was 22·5 per cent in the CI group and 19·8 per cent in the LI group (P = 0·307). Regression analysis including sex, age, clinical stage, tumour location, tumour differentiation, TME quality, concomitant chemotherapy and interval to surgery revealed no statistically significant predictors of pCR.ConclusionDisease regression and pCR rate are increased with an interval between CRT and surgery exceeding 8 weeks. Registration number: NCT03287843 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Focus on Epithelialized Palatal Grafts. Part 1: Multiple Adjacent Recession Defects in the Mandibular Anterior
Authors: Berridge Joshua P. , Johnson Thomas M. , Lane Jonathan D. , Miller Preston D. 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe mandibular anterior can be a challenging anatomic location for achieving root coverage irrespective of the selected graft and surgical technique. The epithelialized palatal graft (EPG), often dismissed in deference to esthetic and patient‐centered considerations, is well‐suited for treating gingival recession in this region. Although a considerable volume of data exists assessing root coverage procedure outcomes, little evidence supports superiority of any one technique specifically applied to the mandibular anterior.Case PresentationTwo periodontally and systemically healthy patients with multiple adjacent Class I and III recession defects in the mandibular anterior were treated with EPG. Recipient site dimensions in one case obligated bilateral palatal donor sites. In this case, the two autogenous grafts were carefully sutured extraorally before placement. Favorable increases in attached gingival dimensions and partial or complete root coverage were noted after 12‐ or 18‐month follow‐up periods. In the case requiring bilateral donor sites, no transition between the two grafts could be appreciated after healing.ConclusionsOverall, subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG)‐based techniques reportedly produce higher mean root coverage percentages and more frequent complete root coverage compared with EPG. However, when observations are limited to the mandibular anterior, there are insufficient data to conclude SCTG is superior to EPG. In the presented cases, EPG at multiple adjacent mandibular anterior recession defects produced favorable clinical outcomes. Extraoral suturing of bilaterally harvested grafts facilitated graft stabilization and minimized irregularities in gingival architecture after healing.
Simultaneous Extractions, Implant Placement, and Immediate Loading With Hybrid Prosthesis in Patient With Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Mahn Douglas H. 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionFull‐arch rehabilitation with simultaneous extractions, implant placement, and loading is an important treatment modality. Many patients that may benefit from this treatment suffer with medical conditions that can compromise the ability to receive this treatment. Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is a condition that occurs with 50% to 70% of patient following bone marrow replacement treatment. Oral manifestations of cGVHD include mucosal changes, xerostomia, and rampant caries. Immediate implant placement and loading would be of great benefit to patients with cGVHD. To the author's knowledge, no articles have been published describing simultaneous extractions, implant placement, and immediate loading with a fixed prosthesis in a patient with cGVHD.Case PresentationA 46‐year‐old non‐smoking male presented with rampant severe caries and a history of cGVHD. The patient complained of xerostomia, difficulty with mastication, and embarrassment regarding his condition. After thorough evaluation, medical consultation, and discussion of treatment options, the patient was seen for full‐mouth extractions and immediate placement of dental implants in the mandibular arch. An immediate mandibular hybrid prosthesis and an immediate maxillary complete denture were delivered. Following 6 months of healing, the final mandibular hybrid prosthesis and maxillary complete denture were delivered. Oral manifestations of cGVHD did not negatively affect the treatment.ConclusionSimultaneous extractions, implant placement, and implant loading can be performed in a patient with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease.
Regulation of septin phosphorylation: SEPT12 phosphorylation in sperm septin assembly
Authors: Lin Chun‐Hsiang , Shen Yi‐Ru , Wang Han‐Yu , Chiang Chi‐Wu , Wang Chia‐Yih , Kuo Pao‐Lin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe sperm annulus, a septin‐based ring structure, is important for reproductive physiology. It is composed of SEPT12‐based septin core complex followed by assembling as octameric filament. In clinical examinations, mutations of Septin12 result in male infertility, immotile sperm, as well as sperm with defective annuli. The dynamic assembly of septin filaments is regulated by several post‐translational modifications, including sumoylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation. Here, we briefly review the biological significance and the regulation of SEPT12 phosphorylation in the mammalian sperm physiology. During mammalian spermiogenesis, the phosphorylation of SEPT12 on Ser198 residue is important in regulating mammalian annulus architectures. SEPT12 phosphomimetic knock‐in mice displayed poor male fertility due to weak sperm motility and loss of the sperm annulus. SEPT12 is phosphorylated via Protein kinase A (PKA), and its phosphorylation interfered with SEPT12 polymerization into complexes and filaments. Taken together, the phosphorylation status of SEPT12 is crucial for its function in regulating the mammalian sperm physiology.
Recent Advances in Functional‐Polymer‐Decorated Transition‐Metal Nanomaterials for Bioimaging and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Wei , Li Aihua , Zhang Aitang , Zheng Yiwei , Liu Jingquan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this review, we focus on recent advances in the synthesis of polymer‐functionalized transition‐metal‐based nanomaterials and follow this up by discussing their applications in bioimaging diagnosis and cancer therapy. Transition‐metal‐based nanomaterials show great potential in cancer therapy owing to their intensive near‐IR absorption, excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, strong X‐ray attenuation, and magnetic properties. Functional polymers are usually introduced by a one‐step or multistep method to further endow these nanomaterials with great biocompatibility and physiological stability. Polymer‐decorated transition‐metal nanomaterials show great potential in multimodal imaging diagnosis (photoacoustic imaging, computed tomography, photoluminescence imaging, positron emission tomography, etc.) and cancer therapy (chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, microwave therapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic therapy). At the end of this review, the prospects of these polymer‐decorated transition‐metal‐based nanomaterials are also discussed.
Ancillary studies in fine needle aspiration of the kidney
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn increasing number of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) require ancillary studies for diagnosis. The majority of renal fine needle aspirates do not require ancillary studies. Among the most common useful stains are cytokeratin 7 (separating clear cell RCC [negative] from papillary RCC, clear cell papillary RCC, and multilocular cystic RCC [positive] as well as separating chromophobe RCC [diffusely positive] from oncocytoma [focally positive/negative]) and CD117 (separating chromophobe RCC and oncocytoma [positive] from granular variants of clear cell RCC [negative]). CD68 and keratin are helpful in distinguishing RCC from xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. HMB45 is useful in recognizing scant aspirates of angiomyolipoma. Less common subtypes of RCC may benefit from the use of more specialized ancillary studies (succinate dehydrogenase B, fumarate hydratase, tumor suppressor gene INI, OCT3/4). While the majority of renal fine needle aspirates can be accurately diagnosed based on morphology alone, improved subtyping and accuracy can be achieved with the use of immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;000:000‐000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of the Dual Inhibitor of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α and Interleukin 17A, ABBV‐257, in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Othman Ahmed A. , Khatri Amit , Loebbert Ralf , Peloso Paul M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe dual‐variable domain immunoglobulin ABBV‐257 binds tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 17A. Following single ascending doses ( 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg intravenously; 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg subcutaneously) in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in healthy subjects (n = 40; n = 29 evaluated for pharmacokinetics), maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax) increased dose‐proportionally, whereas area under the serum concentration‐versus‐time curve trended to more than dose‐proportional increase. Absolute subcutaneous bioavailability was ∼80%, and the time to Cmax (tmax) occurred 6 to 8 days after subcutaneous administration. The terminal‐phase harmonic mean elimination half‐life (t½) ranged from 5.5 to 11 days following intravenous and subcutaneous administration. In another randomized, placebo‐controlled study, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 8) received ABBV‐257 30 mg/kg subcutaneously every other week for 8 weeks. Following the fourth dose, Cmax was 7.69 μg/mL, and tmax occurred ∼4 days after dosing; t½ was ∼16 days. Most individuals (single‐dose study, 97%; multiple‐dose study, 83%) developed antidrug antibodies (ADAs). Generally, subjects with higher ADA titers had shorter ABBV‐257 t½ and lower exposure. One serious adverse event (cerebral ischemia, considered unrelated to treatment, resolved with interventions) occurred in an RA patient who received ABBV‐257. Because of the high incidence of ADA‐mediated drug clearance, ABBV‐257 is no longer being developed.
Excellent Performances of Dealuminated H‐Beta Zeolites from Organotemplate‐Free Synthesis in Conversion of Biomass‐derived 2,5‐Dimethylfuran to Renewable p‐Xylene
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Zhao Zhenchao , Li Shikun , Parvulescu Andrei‐Nicolae , Müller Ulrich , Zhang Weiping 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDirect synthesis of renewable p‐xylene (PX) by cycloaddition of biomass‐derived 2,5‐dimethylfuran (2,5‐DMF) and ethylene was achieved over Al‐rich H‐beta zeolites synthesized by an organotemplate‐free approach and their dealuminated counterparts with different Si/Al ratios. Among them, H‐beta zeolite with an Si/Al ratio of 22, obtained from an Al‐rich parent by dealumination, was found to be an excellent catalyst for the synthesis of PX. A PX yield of 97 % and 2,5‐DMF conversion of 99 % were obtained under optimized conditions. These results are even better than those of a commercial H‐beta zeolite prepared using a organotemplate synthesis with a similar Si/Al ratio of 19. The excellent performance of the H‐beta zeolite with Si/Al ratio of 22 is closely related to its acidity and porous structure. A moderate Brønsted/Lewis acid ratio can improve the conversion of 2,5‐DMF to as high as 99 %. Furthermore, dealuminated H‐beta zeolite has a secondary pore system that facilitates product diffusion, which increases the selectivity to PX. In addition, this catalyst shows better regeneration. After five successive regeneration cycles, the yield of PX was still as high as 85 % without obvious dealumination. This work provides a deeper understanding of the more general Diels–Alder cycloaddition of furan‐based feedstocks and olefins and significantly improves the potential for the synthesis of chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass.
Advanced Functional Carbons and Their Hybrid Nanoarchitectures towards Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Young Christine , Park Teahoon , Yi Jin Woo , Kim Jeonghun , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPorous carbons have attracted much attention as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their enormous surface area, high electrical conductivity, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, and relatively low cost. The design of porous architectures is considered key for determining electrochemical performance. Pore size distribution, pore size, and pore connectivity strongly affect electrochemical performance. Various carbon materials with pore size ranging from micro‐ to macropores were extensively studied. Herein, various types of porous carbon‐based and hybrid materials from different approaches and their electrochemical applications are summarized. Appropriate tuning of the pore size of carbon materials is essential for ensuring good transport of ions with different sizes throughout the electrolyte, so that the electrode materials can be fully utilized. Many carbon materials were produced from a series of carbonization and activation processes that possess controllable pore structures, including activated carbons, graphite, carbon nanotubes, carbon aerogels, and templated porous carbons. Templated carbon materials were prepared by various approaches, such as direct carbonization from carbon precursors and soft‐ and hard‐template methods. To enhance the electrochemical performance of the electrode materials, heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur, and boron, were doped into porous carbons. In addition, to optimize the overall capacitance without destroying the stability and morphology of electrode materials, pseudocapacitive materials, such as transition‐metal oxides, were introduced into the carbon frameworks. In this review, recent advances in the fabrication of nanoarchitectured porous carbons and metal oxides through various approaches for supercapacitor applications are summarized.
Dielectrophoresis‐based 3D‐focusing of microscale entities in microfluidic devices
Authors: Alnaimat Fadi , Ramesh Salini , Alazzam Anas , Hilal‐Alnaqbi Ali , Waheed Waqas , Mathew Bobby 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article presents a validated mathematical model of a dielectrophoresis (DEP)‐based microfluidic device capable of 3D‐focusing microscale entities at any lateral location inside the microchannel. The microfluidic device employs planar, independently controllable, interdigitated transducer (IDT) electrodes on either side of the microchannel. The developed model is used for understanding the influence of different geometric and operating parameters on 3D focusing, and it comprises of motion equation, Navier–Stokes equation, continuity equation, and electric potential equation (Laplace equation). The model accounts for forces associated with inertia, gravity, buoyancy, virtual mass, drag, and DEP. The model is solved using finite difference method. The findings of the study indicate that the 3D focusing possible with the proposed microfluidic device is independent of microscale entity's size and initial position, microchannel height, and volumetric flow rate. In contrast, 3D focusing achievable with the microfluidic device is dependent on the applied electric potential, protrusion width of electrodes, and width of electrode/gap. Additionally, the lateral position of 3D focused can be controlled by varying the applied electric potential. The advantage of the proposed microfluidic device is that it is simple to construct while capable of achieving 3D focusing at any lateral location inside the microchannel.
Development of automatic classification system for leukocyte images using Random Forest
Authors: Tomiyama Shinnosuke , Sakata‐Yanagimoto Mamiko , Chiba Shigeru , Aikawa Naoyuki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClassifying leukocyte and examining their proportions is very important for disease examination and diagnosis. This examination needs the knowledge of experts and a lot of time. Therefore, many automatic leukocyte image classification algorithms have been proposed. There is a method to classify 13 types of blood cells using 1‐v‐1 support vector machine (SVM) in one of them. In the conventional method, leukocyte images are classified with the 26‐dimensional feature vectors. However, the classification accuracy is poor with these feature vectors in granulocytes in this method. In this article, we propose new feature vectors to improve the classification accuracy of blast cells with low classification accuracy among the leukocyte fractions. That is, we add two feature vectors in the proposed method. And we improve the accuracy of the whole by using a Random Forest for the classifier.
Differential responses of canopy nutrients to experimental drought along a natural aridity gradient
Authors: Luo Wentao , Zuo Xiaoan , Ma Wang , Xu Chong , Li Ang , Yu Qiang , Knapp Alan K. , Tognetti Roberto , Dijkstra Feike A. , Li Mai‐He , Han Guodong , Wang Zhengwen , Han Xingguo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe allocation and stoichiometry of plant nutrients in leaves reflect fundamental ecosystem processes, biotic interactions, and environmental drivers such as water availability. Climate change will lead to increases in drought severity and frequency, but how canopy nutrients will respond to drought, and how these responses may vary with community composition along aridity gradients is poorly understood. We experimentally addressed this issue by reducing precipitation amounts by 66% during two consecutive growing seasons at three sites located along a natural aridity gradient. This allowed us to assess drought effects on canopy nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in arid and semiarid grasslands of northern China. Along the aridity gradient, canopy nutrient concentrations were positively related to aridity, with this pattern was driven primarily by species turnover (i.e., an increase in the relative biomass of N‐ and P‐rich species with increasing aridity). In contrast, drought imposed experimentally increased N but decreased P concentrations in plant canopies. These changes were driven by the combined effects of species turnover and intraspecific variation in leaf nutrient concentrations. In addition, the sensitivity of canopy N and P concentrations to drought varied across the three sites. Canopy nutrient concentrations were less affected by drought at drier than wetter sites, because of the opposing effects of species turnover and intraspecific variation, as well as greater drought tolerance for nutrient‐rich species. These contrasting effects of long‐term aridity vs. short‐term drought on canopy nutrient concentrations, as well as differing sensitivities among sites in the same grassland biome, highlight the challenge of predicting ecosystem responses to future climate change.