bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exosomes Shuttle TREX1-Sensitive IFN-Stimulatory dsDNA from Irradiated Cancer Cells to DCs
Authors: Diamond Julie M. , Vanpouille-Box Claire , Spada Sheila , Rudqvist Nils-Petter , Chapman Jessica R. , Ueberheide Beatrix M. , Pilones Karsten A. , Sarfraz Yasmeen , Formenti Silvia C. , Demaria Sandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) used at immunogenic doses leads to accumulation of cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in cancer cells, which activates type I IFN (IFN-I) via the cGAS/STING pathway. Cancer cell–derived IFN-I is required to recruit BATF3-dependent dendritic cells (DC) to poorly immunogenic tumors and trigger antitumor T-cell responses in combination with immune checkpoint blockade. We have previously demonstrated that the exonuclease TREX1 regulates radiation immunogenicity by degrading cytosolic dsDNA. Tumor-derived DNA can also activate cGAS/STING-mediated production of IFN-I by DCs infiltrating immunogenic tumors. However, how DNA from cancer cells is transferred to the cytoplasm of DCs remains unclear. Here, we showed that tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) produced by irradiated mouse breast cancer cells (RT-TEX) transfer dsDNA to DCs and stimulate DC upregulation of costimulatory molecules and STING-dependent activation of IFN-I. In vivo, RT-TEX elicited tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses and protected mice from tumor development significantly better than TEX from untreated cancer cells in a prophylactic vaccination experiment. We demonstrated that the IFN-stimulatory dsDNA cargo of RT-TEX is regulated by TREX1 expression in the parent cells. Overall, these results identify RT-TEX as a mechanism whereby IFN-stimulatory dsDNA is transferred from irradiated cancer cells to DCs. We have previously shown that the expression of TREX1 is dependent on the RT dose size. Thus, these data have important implications for the use of RT with immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(8); 910–20. ©2018 AACR.
РОЛЬ ПОЛІМОРФІЗМУ ГЕНА ІНТЕРЛЕЙКІНУ-6 У ПЕРЕБІГУ ХРОНІЧНОГО ГЕПАТИТУ С ТА ФОРМУВАННІ ЗМІШАНОЇ КРІОГЛОБУЛІНЕМІЇ
Authors: Riabokon Yu. Yu. , Kalashnyk K. V. , Kamyshnyi O. M. , Riabokon O. V. 
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – визначити роль поліморфізму гена інтерлейкіну-6 в перебігу хронічного гепатиту С та розвитку змішаної кріоглобулінемії.Пацієнти і методи. У дослідження включено 149 хворих на ХГС віком від 24 до 73 років (чоловіків – 65,8 %, жінок – 34,2 %). Усім хворим визначали вміст змішаних кріоглобулінів у сироватці крові спектрофотометричним методом і поліморфізм гена ІЛ-6 (rs1800795) методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції. Для аналізу отриманих даних хворі на ХГС були розділені залежно від поліморфізму гена ІЛ-6 і наявності змішаної кріоглобулінемії.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Встановлена певна роль поліморфізму гена ІЛ-6 в хронізації HCV-інфекції, що підтверджує в 3 рази рідше виявлення генотипу CC (χ2=21,88, р<0,001) та в 1,7 разу частіше виявлення генотипів CG/GG (χ2=21,88, р<0,001) у хворих на ХГС, порівняно зі здоровими особами. Показано, що у хворих на ХГС генотипи CG/GG гена ІЛ-6 асоціюються з появою біохімічних ознак змішаної кріоглобулінемії у 67,7 % пацієнтів проти 36,0 % хворих з наявністю генотипу CC (χ2=8,93, р<0,01). За наявності біохімічних ознак змішаної кріоглобулінемії у хворих на ХГС генотипи CG/GG гена ІЛ-6, на відміну від генотипу CC, асоціюються з вищим (р=0,03) вмістом змішаних кріоглобулінів у сироватці крові та частішою маніфестацією клінічних ознак цього позапечінкового прояву, а саме вираженої загальної слабкості (71,4 проти 22,2 %, χ2=8,86, р=0,003), артралгій (63,1 проти 22,2 %, χ2=5,62, р=0,02), появою кріоглобулінемічного васкуліту з формуванням тріади Мельтцера (15,5 %).
NADPH Oxidase 5 Is a Pro‐Contractile Nox Isoform and a Point of Cross‐Talk for Calcium and Redox Signaling‐Implications in Vascular Function
Authors: Montezano Augusto C. , De Lucca Camargo Livia , Persson Patrik , Rios Francisco J. , Harvey Adam P. , Anagnostopoulou Aikaterini , Palacios Roberto , Gandara Ana Caroline P. , Alves‐Lopes Rheure , Neves Karla B. , Dulak‐Lis Maria , Holterman Chet E. , de Oliveira Pedro Lagerblad , Graham Delyth , Kennedy Christopher , Touyz Rhian M. 
Published: June 2018

Background
NADPH Oxidase 5 (Nox5) is a calcium‐sensitive superoxide‐generating Nox. It is present in lower forms and higher mammals, but not in rodents. Nox5 is expressed in vascular cells, but the functional significance remains elusive. Given that contraction is controlled by calcium and reactive oxygen species, both associated with Nox5, we questioned the role of Nox5 in pro‐contractile signaling and vascular function.

Methods and Results

Transgenic mice expressing human Nox5 in a vascular smooth muscle cell–specific manner (Nox5 mice) and
Rhodnius prolixus
, an arthropod model that expresses Nox5 endogenoulsy, were studied. Reactive oxygen species generation was increased systemically and in the vasculature and heart in Nox5 mice. In Nox5‐expressing mice, agonist‐induced vasoconstriction was exaggerated and endothelium‐dependent vasorelaxation was impaired. Vascular structural and mechanical properties were not influenced by Nox5. Vascular contractile responses in Nox5 mice were normalized by
N
‐acetylcysteine and inhibitors of calcium channels, calmodulin, and endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptors, but not by
GKT
137831 (Nox1/4 inhibitor). At the cellular level, vascular changes in Nox5 mice were associated with increased vascular smooth muscle cell [Ca
2+
]
i
, increased reactive oxygen species and nitrotyrosine levels, and hyperphosphorylation of pro‐contractile signaling molecules
MLC
20 (myosin light chain 20) and
MYPT
1 (myosin phosphatase target subunit 1). Blood pressure was similar in wild‐type and Nox5 mice. Nox5 did not amplify angiotensin II effects. In
R. prolixus
, gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction was blunted by Nox5 silencing, but not by
VAS
2870 (Nox1/2/4 inhibitor).

Conclusions
Nox5 is a pro‐contractile Nox isoform important in redox‐sensitive contraction. This involves calcium‐calmodulin and endoplasmic reticulum–regulated mechanisms. Our findings define a novel function for vascular Nox5, linking calcium and reactive oxygen species to the pro‐contractile molecular machinery in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Chinese Nationality and Coloniality of Hong Kong Student Movement, 1960–1970s
Authors: Chan Siu Han 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present study investigates the episode of Hong Kong student movement in the 1960s to 1970s inspired by the charismatic idea of the Chinese Nation. Unlike most other cases of nationalist politics in colonial societies, Chinese identity politics in Hong Kong not only failed to challenge fundamentally the legitimacy of the British colonial state. It also did not proselytise Hong Kong people towards Chinese national identification and preoccupy Hong Kong society with the Chinese Question thereafter. Propitious colonial modernisation experience acting upon a diasporic population, which found it hard to establish meaningful rapport with the Chinese Nation, had attributed to the eccentric trajectory of Chinese Nationalism in Hong Kong. Local societal and cultural formations were then the eclectic solution to the ideational paradox of colonial modernity and Chinese Nationality in Hong Kong, which, however, remains problematic on its own, and connects closely with the lingering coloniality observed in this post-colonial society.
Neuroergonomics: Quantitative Modeling of Individual, Shared, and Team Neurodynamic Information
Authors: Stevens Ronald H. , Galloway Trysha L. , Willemsen-Dunlap Ann 
Published: June 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to use the same quantitative measure and scale to directly compare the neurodynamic information/organizations of individual team members with those of the team. Background: Team processes are difficult to separate from those of individual team members due to the lack of quantitative measures that can be applied to both process sets. Method: Second-by-second symbolic representations were created of each team member’s electroencephalographic power, and quantitative estimates of their neurodynamic organizations were calculated from the Shannon entropy of the symbolic data streams. The information in the neurodynamic data streams of health care ( n = 24), submarine navigation ( n = 12), and high school problem-solving ( n = 13) dyads was separated into the information of each team member, the information shared by team members, and the overall team information. Results: Most of the team information was the sum of each individual’s neurodynamic information. The remaining team information was shared among the team members. This shared information averaged ~15% of the individual information, with momentary levels of 1% to 80%. Conclusion: Continuous quantitative estimates can be made from the shared, individual, and team neurodynamic information about the contributions of different team members to the overall neurodynamic organization of a team and the neurodynamic interdependencies among the team members. Application: Information models provide a generalizable quantitative method for separating a team’s neurodynamic organization into that of individual team members and that shared among team members.
Astragaloside IV ameliorates early diabetic nephropathy by inhibition of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK2 signaling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Song Gaofeng , Han Pengxun , Sun Huili , Shao Mumin , Yu Xuewen , Wang Wenjing , Wang Dongtao , Yi Wuyong , Ge Na , Li Shunmin , Yi Tiegang 
Published: June 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms of astragaloside IV (AS-IV) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with STZ at 200 mg/kg body weight. AS-IV was administered for 8 consecutive weeks, beginning 1 week after STZ injection. Body weight, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Kidney tissues were examined by histopathological analyses. Total levels and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), and ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) were determined by Western blotting analysis. Results AS-IV treatment significantly reduced albuminuria and serum creatinine levels, ameliorated mesangial matrix expansion and greater foot process width, and decreased the levels of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in STZ-induced diabetic mice. AS-IV also inhibited renal cortical phosphorylation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and RSK2. Conclusion Our results suggest that AS-IV attenuates renal injury in STZ-induced diabetic mice. This effect might be partially associated with inhibition of the activation of the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-RSK2 signaling pathway.
Maternal miRNA-146a G/C rs2910164 variation, HIV/AIDS and nitrogen oxide pollution exposure collectively affects foetal growth
Authors: Naidoo P , Naidoo RN , Ramkaran P , Muttoo S , Asharam K , Chuturgoon AA 
Published: June 2018

Objective: Nitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS intensify inflammation during pregnancy and linked with adverse birth outcomes (ABOs). MicroRNA (miRNA)-146a plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation in the NF-κB pathway. The G/C rs2910164 dampens miRNA-146a activity and linked with inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated whether HIV/AIDS and NOx exposure throughout pregnancy further intensifies ABO in Black South African women genotyped for the rs2910164. Methods: Pregnant women ( n = 300) were subdivided into low, medium and high NOx exposure groups, genotyped for the miRNA-146a G/C rs2910164 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and further stratified based on HIV status. Results: Unstratified data (HIV+ and HIV− mothers combined): Mothers from the high NOx group with the variant C-allele had low blood iron levels ( p = 0.0238), and had babies with reduced birthweights ( p = 0.0283). As NOx increased, the prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight also increased in mothers with the variant C-allele versus wildtype G-allele. HIV-infected mothers: In all NOx exposure groups, mothers with the variant C-allele had higher systolic blood pressure (low: p = 0.0386, medium: p = 0.0367 and high: p = 0.0109) and had babies with lower Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration scores at 1 min (low: p = 0.0190, medium: p = 0.0301 and high: p = 0.0361). Conclusion: Maternal rs2910164 variant C-allele, NOx pollution and HIV/AIDS might collectively play a role in intensifying gestational hypertension and ABO.
Orofacial Function, Articulation Proficiency, and Intelligibility in 5-Year-Old Children Born With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Malmenholt Ann , McAllister Anita , Lohmander Anette 
Published: June 2018

Objective: To explore and describe orofacial function in 5-year-old children born with clefts affecting the palate and to investigate potential relationship with articulation proficiency and intelligibility. Design: A prospective cohort study of 88 consecutive patients born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) between July 2009 and June 2011. Participants: Excluding internationally adopted children and children with no speech production resulted in 52 children with different cleft types and additional malformations, examined at age 5. Data on orofacial function were available for 43 children. Outcome Measures: Screening of orofacial function resulted in a profile and a total score, narrow phonetic transcription of test consonants produced a percentage of consonants correct (PCC) score, and ratings of intelligibility by speech and language pathologists (SLPs) and by parents gave 2 estimates. Inter- and intra-transcriber agreement was calculated. Results: Orofacial dysfunction was found in 37% of children, with results not significantly different between cleft types but significantly more frequent than in children born without CLP. Age-appropriate articulation proficiency was found in 39%, 49% presented below −2 standard deviations. Just above 50% had good intelligibility and were always understood by different communication partners according to both SLP and parent ratings. No significant correlation was found between orofacial dysfunction and PCC or intelligibility. Conclusions: Orofacial dysfunction was not found to be an explanatory factor for speech outcome in children born with CLP.
A report of 3 cases of Exeter V40 Stem fracture and explanation of possible causes
Authors: Garala Kanai , Laios Thomas , Lawrence Trevor 
Published: June 2018

Background: The Exeter V40 Orthinox stem is one of the most commonly used femoral components in total hip arthroplasty. Its design, material and finish has evolved significantly from the original design established by Ling and Lee over 3 decades ago. An early problem reported with the original Exeter stem was a high rate of stem fractures. It was thought that with the new Orthinox steel used in the V40 system, the rate of stem fractures would reduce. There are reports of the Exeter V40 stem failing in a variety of locations. Cases: This paper highlights the 3 locations where the Exeter stem may fail and estimates a rate of 0.262% for stem fractures due to the constant use of the Exeter stem throughout the career of the senior surgeon.
The effect of degrees of bilingualism on metacognitive linguistic skills
Authors: Abu Rabia Salim 
Published: June 2018

Purpose and research question: The present study investigated whether there was any significant difference between balanced bilinguals, dominant bilinguals, limited bilinguals and monolinguals in the application of metacognitive linguistic skills while doing a reading comprehension task in the additional (English) language. Namely, how do different degrees of bilingualism affect metacognitive linguistic skills? Methodology: The present study examined three domains of metacognitive reading process (planning, monitoring and evaluating), as well as the overall use of metacognitive reading strategies. Four groups of participants (30 seventh grade students in each group) completed a Metacognitive Reading Strategies Questionnaire, aimed at measuring their metacognitive awareness in each domain after fulfilling a reading comprehension task in English. Data analysis: A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used in order to test the differences within groups and between groups. Findings and conclusions: Level of metacognitive reading awareness was affected by the degree of bilingualism. There was a positive influence of balanced (reading and writing skills in the second language) and imbalanced (oral skills in the second language) degrees of bilingualism on metacognitive linguistic abilities. A balanced degree of bilingualism exerted the greatest influence on most of the metacognitive reading domains (planning, monitoring and the total use of metacognitive strategies). Significance: A significant advantage of balanced bilinguals over all other groups was revealed. Level of metacognitive reading awareness was affected by the degree of bilingualism. Thus, bilingual education should be taken seriously due to its positive effect on all aspects of thinking and learning. Results provided additional support to the notion that bilingualism had a positive impact on the metacognitive linguistic skills. Moreover, the balance between the languages appeared to be a significant variable. Thus, balanced bilinguals, who possessed the highest competence in the second language, showed the best performance in the domains of planning, monitoring and overall use of metacognitive reading strategies. Limited bilinguals, on the contrary, demonstrated the lowest scores in the mentioned domains. The findings also revealed the absence of any considerable difference between the groups in the domain of evaluating.
Developing nurses’ skills in motivational interviewing to promote a healthy lifestyle in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Dobber Jos , Latour Corine , Snaterse Marjolein , van Meijel Berno , ter Riet Gerben , Scholte op Reimer Wilma , Peters Ron 
Published: June 2018

Background: If nurses have the communication skills and the time, they can play an important role in increasing the intrinsic motivation of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to change their lifestyle. Motivational Interviewing (Mo-Int) can be used to further support this role. However, few nurses are sufficiently proficient in applying Mo-Int skills. Increasing these complex communication skills may contribute significantly to achieve lifestyle changes in CAD patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the coaching of nurses to skilfully use Mo-Int in a secondary prevention programme for CAD patients. Methods: The design was a before–after study of a learning strategy as a follow-up on a short Mo-Int workshop. At (on average) four-monthly intervals, the nurses received, three times, feedback and coaching by telephone and email on their use of Mo-Int skills in audio-recorded conversations on lifestyle change with CAD patients. The Mo-Int consistency of the nurses’ communication skills was scored using the Motivational Interviewing Target Scheme 2.1 (range 0–32). Results: Of the 24 nurses, 13 completed all audio recordings. The mean change in Mo-Int consistency of these completers between the first and the last audio recording was 6.4 (95% confidence interval 3.2 to 9.5). This change indicates an improvement from ‘a small part of Motivational Interviewing practice’ to ‘a mainly sufficient degree of Motivational Interviewing practice’. Conclusion: A one-year follow-up on a Mo-Int workshop with feedback and coaching improves Mo-Int skills of nurses. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the importance of a follow-up on training in complex communication skills, to develop and preserve competency.
Comparative Outcomes of All-Inside Versus Inside-Out Repair of Bucket-Handle Meniscal Tears: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Samuelsen Brian T. , Johnson Nicholas R. , Hevesi Mario , Levy Bruce A. , Dahm Diane L. , Stuart Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. 
Published: June 2018

Background: There are limited data comparing the outcomes of all-inside versus inside-out meniscal repair techniques. Purpose: To assess failure rates and clinical outcomes after the surgical repair of bucket-handle meniscal tears utilizing either an all-inside or inside-out technique. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients with bucket-handle meniscal tears undergoing all-inside or inside-out repair at a single institution between 2003 and 2013 were analyzed. A total of 28 mensici repaired utilizing second-generation all-inside suturing devices and 42 menisci repaired using an inside-out technique were eligible for inclusion. Rigorous propensity matching was performed on the basis of age, sex, tear laterality, rim width, and concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), resulting in a total of 40 patients equally distributed between the 2 repair techniques for comparison. Retear-free survival as well as preoperative and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Tegner scores and physical examination findings were subsequently analyzed. Results: Twenty patients who underwent all-inside repair (14 male; mean age, 23.7 ± 6.7 years) were successfully propensity matched to 20 patients who underwent inside-out meniscal repair (15 male; mean age, 22.5 ± 7.6 years), with a mean retear-free follow-up of 4.4 years (range, 2.5-7.4 years). Four (20%) all-inside repairs and 4 (20%) inside-out repairs failed over the course of follow-up ( P > .999), with a mean time to failure of 2.7 years (range, 1.3-4.4 years) and 5.0 years (range, 0.8-7.5 years), respectively ( P = .25). Increasing patient age trended toward a decreased clinical retear rate, independent of the repair technique (hazard ratio, 0.86; P = .056). There were no significant differences in the Tegner scores, IKDC scores, or range of motion between the groups as a whole or when subcategorizing by age, sex, body mass index, tear complexity, rim width, isolated versus concomitant ACLR, or medial- versus lateral-sided repair. There were no complications in the all-inside group, while there was a 10% rate of minor complications in the inside-out group ( P = .49). Conclusion: Overall, satisfactory clinical outcomes are achievable at short-term to midterm follow-up with both inside-out and all-inside repair techniques of bucket-handle meniscal tears in rigorously matched patients with similar meniscal tear patterns.