bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time trends, disease patterns and gender imbalance in the top 100 most cited articles in ophthalmology
Authors: Heng Wong Matthew Yu , Tan Nicholas Y Q , Sabanayagam Charumathi 
Published: July 2018

We analysed the 100 top cited articles in ophthalmology to identify and characterise the most influential articles of the past four decades. Two independent investigators searched the Scopus database to determine the 100 most frequently cited articles in ophthalmology (T100-Eye) and general non-ophthalmology journals (T100-Gen) published from 1975 to December 2017. The T100-Eye list consisted of 83 original articles and 17 reviews, and the number of citations ranged from 582 to 2833. Seventy-eight of these articles were published in three journals alone (impact factor (IF): 5.05–8.2), led by the Archives of Ophthalmology. The T100-Gen list consisted of 84 original articles and 16 reviews and the number of citations ranged from 358 to 3272. Forty-five of these articles were published in four journals alone (IF: 9.66–72.41). In both lists, majority of the first authors were from the USA (T100-Eye, n=80; T100-Gen, n=66), and were men (n=76 in T100-Eye; n=72 in T100-Gen). With regard to the article type, in the T100-Eye, among the 83 original research articles, most were randomised controlled trials (n=26) or clinical observational studies related to description of a new condition or new management (n=26). In the T100-Gen, of the 84 original research articles, many were clinical observational studies (n=27) or basic science research (n=26). In both lists, the most frequently examined diseases were age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Our analysis reveals landmark articles, trends and medical advancements in ophthalmology over the past four decades. It also highlights gender disparity and influence of the USA in seminal ophthalmic research.
Discrepancy in current central serous chorioretinopathy classification
Authors: Singh Sumit Randhir , Matet Alexandre , van Dijk Elon H C , Daruich Alejandra , Fauser Sascha , Yzer Suzanne , Peiretti Enrico , Sivaprasad Sobha , Lotery Andrew J , Boon Camiel J F , Behar-Cohen Francine , Freund K Bailey , Chhablani Jay 
Published: July 2018

AimTo report the discordance in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) classification among practising retina specialists.MethodsThe study conducted was a multicentre survey. Multimodal retinal images along with relevant clinical details of 100 cases diagnosed as CSCR (from six centres) were circulated among six retina specialists across the globe. The image sets included colour fundus photographs, fundus autofluorescence images, optical coherence tomography b-scans, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography of the study and fellow eyes. The graders were asked to classify the disease of study eye, according to their own criteria. The graders were masked to the responses of other graders. The final analysis of the pooled response data was done based on the diagnosis of study eye only. The main outcome measure was degree of agreement between six independent observers using Fleiss Kappa statistics.ResultsGrading for 100 eyes of 100 patients (men, 93%) was included in the analysis. 20 patients had a history of steroid use. The graders provided 36 different terms to classify the disease, with poor agreement among graders (Fleiss Kappa=0.134). The consistency in diagnosing acute CSCR was statistically higher than for either chronic (p=0.012) or recurrent CSCR (p<0.0001). When collapsing descriptors into six main terms, agreement remained poor (Fleiss Kappa=0.218).ConclusionThe high discordance among experienced retina specialists in describing CSCR clinical subtypes is highlighted. The current work demonstrates the limitations of current empirical CSCR classification methods and the need for a more objective and refined system to bring uniformity in diagnosis and prognostication of the disease.
Feasibility of a postacute structured aerobic exercise intervention following sport concussion in symptomatic adolescents: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Micay Rachel , Richards Doug , Hutchison Michael G 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe utility of structured exercise for rehabilitation purposes early in the postacute phase (ie, beyond the initial 24–48 hours of advised rest) following sport-related concussion (SRC) remains largely unexplored. This study examined the feasibility of implementing a standardised aerobic exercise (AE) intervention in the postacute stage of SRC recovery in a sample of adolescent students with SRC compared with usual care.MethodsSymptomatic adolescents with SRC were randomised to one of two groups: Aerobic Exercise (n=8) or Usual Care (n=7). The AE intervention, beginning on day 6 postinjury, comprised eight sessions with progressive increases in intensity and duration on a cycle ergometer. Usual care consisted of rest followed by physician-advised progressions in activity levels in an unsupervised setting. All participants were evaluated by physician at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 postconcussion. Outcome measures included: (1) Intervention feasibility: symptom status pre-post exercise sessions and completion of intervention and (2) Clinical recovery: symptom status at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 4 postinjury and medical clearance date.ResultsAll participants completed the exercise sessions as part of the AE intervention and symptom exacerbation was not associated with any exercise session. The AE group experienced greater symptom resolution compared with the Usual Care Group across the recovery timeline.ConclusionA structured AE protocol appears to be safe and feasible to administer in the postacute stage of SRC recovery in adolescents and should be explored as part of a full Phase III Clinical Trial.
A night at the races
Authors: Williams David 
Published: July 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘A night at the races’, was submitted and is discussed by David Williams. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Spirulina platensisameliorates arsenic-mediated uterine damage and ovarian steroidogenic disorder
Authors: Khatun Shamima , Maity Moulima , Perveen Hasina , Dash Moumita , Chattopadhyay Sandip 
Published: July 2018

Novel, non-invasive, painless oral therapeutic agents are needed to replace the painful conventional treatment of arsenic-associated health hazards with metal chelators. Our aim was to examine the effect of spirulina ( Spirulina platensis ( Geitler, 1925 )) on arsenic-mediated uterine toxicity. Female Wistar rats were divided equally into four experimental treatment groups: control group, sodium arsenite group (1.0 mg/100 g body mass), spirulina placebo group (20 mg/100 g body mass), and sodium arsenite + spirulina group. In contrast with the control group, spectrophotometric and electrozymographic evaluation revealed that rats that ingested arsenic for 8 d showed significant diminution of the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase ( p < 0.001). Mutagenic uterine DNA breakage and tissue damage were prominent following arsenic consumption by the rats. Oral delivery of spirulina resulted in a significant amelioration of arsenic-induced adverse oxidative stress and genotoxic state of rats. A significant low-signaling ( p < 0.001) of gonadotropins and estradiol was also noted in the arsenic-treated rats, which was terminated by spirulina; this arsenic-primed adverse effect was significant ( p < 0.05, p < 0.01). The spirulina treatment mechanism could be associated with augmentation of the antioxidant defense system that protects the arsenic-mediated pathological state of the uterus.
The (1|1)-Centroid Problem in the Plane with Distance Constraints
Authors: Yu Hung-I , Lin Tien-Ching , Lee D. T. 
Published: July 2018

In 1982, Drezner proposed the [Formula: see text]-centroid problem on the plane, in which two players, called the leader and the follower, open facilities to provide service to customers in a competitive manner. The leader opens the first facility, and the follower opens the second. Customers will each patronize the facility closer to them (with ties broken in favor of the first one), thereby deciding the market share of the two facilities. The goal is to find the best position for the leader’s facility so that its market share is maximized. The best algorithm of this problem is an [Formula: see text]-time parametric search approach, which searches over the space of market share values. In the same paper, Drezner also proposed a generalized version of [Formula: see text]-centroid problem by introducing a minimal distance constraint [Formula: see text], such that the follower’s facility is not allowed to be located within a distance [Formula: see text] from the leader’s. He proposed an [Formula: see text]-time algorithm for this generalized version by identifying [Formula: see text] points as the candidates of the optimal solution and checking the market share for each of them. In this paper, we develop a new parametric search approach searching over the [Formula: see text] candidate points, and present an [Formula: see text]-time algorithm for this generalized version, thereby closing the [Formula: see text] gap between the two bounds.
Mitotic Gene Bookmarking: An Epigenetic Program to Maintain Normal and Cancer Phenotypes
Authors: Zaidi Sayyed K. , Nickerson Jeffrey A. , Imbalzano Anthony N. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReconfiguration of nuclear structure and function during mitosis presents a significant challenge to resume the next cell cycle in the progeny cells without compromising structural and functional identity of the cells. Equally important is the requirement for cancer cells to retain the transformed phenotype, that is, unrestricted proliferative potential, suppression of cell phenotype, and activation of oncogenic pathways. Mitotic gene bookmarking retention of key regulatory proteins that include sequence-specific transcription factors, chromatin-modifying factors, and components of RNA Pol (RNAP) I and II regulatory machineries at gene loci on mitotic chromosomes plays key roles in coordinate control of cell phenotype, growth, and proliferation postmitotically. There is growing recognition that three distinct protein types, mechanistically, play obligatory roles in mitotic gene bookmarking: (i) Retention of phenotypic transcription factors on mitotic chromosomes is essential to sustain lineage commitment; (ii) Select chromatin modifiers and posttranslational histone modifications/variants retain competency of mitotic chromatin for gene reactivation as cells exit mitosis; and (iii) Functional components of RNAP I and II transcription complexes (e.g., UBF and TBP, respectively) are retained on genes poised for reactivation immediately following mitosis. Importantly, recent findings have identified oncogenes that are associated with target genes on mitotic chromosomes in cancer cells. The current review proposes that mitotic gene bookmarking is an extensively utilized epigenetic mechanism for stringent control of proliferation and identity in normal cells and hypothesizes that bookmarking plays a pivotal role in maintenance of tumor phenotypes, that is, unrestricted proliferation and compromised control of differentiation. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1617–24. ©2018 AACR.
Localized Structural Alterations Underlying a Subset of Unexplained Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Haïssaguerre Michel , Hocini Mélèze , Cheniti Ghassen , Duchateau Josselin , Sacher Frédéric , Puyo Stéphane , Cochet Hubert , Takigawa Masateru , Denis Arnaud , Martin Ruairidh , Derval Nicolas , Bordachar Pierre , Ritter Philippe , Ploux Sylvain , Pambrun Thomas , Klotz Nicolas , Massoullié Gregoire , Pillois Xavier , Dallet Corentin , Schott Jean-Jacques , Scouarnec Solena , Ackerman Michael J. , Tester David , Piot Olivier , Pasquié Jean-Luc , Leclerc Christophe , Hermida Jean-Sylvain , Gandjbakhch Estelle , Maury Philippe , Labrousse Louis , Coronel Ruben , Jais Pierre , Benoist David , Vigmond Edward , Potse Mark , Walton Richard , Nademanee Koonlawee , Bernus Olivier , Dubois Remi 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Sudden cardiac death because of ventricular fibrillation (VF) is commonly unexplained in younger victims. Detailed electrophysiological mapping in such patients has not been reported.

Methods:
We evaluated 24 patients (29±13 years) who survived idiopathic VF. First, we used multielectrode body surface recordings to identify the drivers maintaining VF. Then, we analyzed electrograms in the driver regions using endocardial and epicardial catheter mapping during sinus rhythm. Established electrogram criteria were used to identify the presence of structural alterations.

Results:

VF occurred spontaneously in 3 patients and was induced in 16, whereas VF was noninducible in 5. VF mapping demonstrated reentrant and focal activities (87% versus 13%, respectively) in all. The activities were dominant in one ventricle in 9 patients, whereas they had biventricular distribution in others. During sinus rhythm areas of abnormal electrograms were identified in 15/24 patients (62.5%) revealing localized structural alterations: in the right ventricle in 11, the left ventricle in 1, and both in 3. They covered a limited surface (13±6 cm
2
) representing 5±3% of the total surface and were recorded predominantly on the epicardium. Seventy-six percent of these areas were colocated with VF drivers (
P
<0.001). In the 9 patients without structural alteration, we observed a high incidence of Purkinje triggers (7/9 versus 4/15,
P
=0.033). Catheter ablation resulted in arrhythmia-free outcome in 15/18 patients at 17±11 months follow-up.

Conclusions:
This study shows that localized structural alterations underlie a significant subset of previously unexplained sudden cardiac death. In the other subset, Purkinje electrical pathology seems as a dominant mechanism.
Dermal Interstitial Alterations in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nijst Petra , Olinevich Mikhail , Hilkens Petra , Martens Pieter , Dupont Matthias , Tang W.H. Wilson , Lambrichts Ivo , Noben Jean-Paul , Mullens Wilfried 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Large networks of interstitial glycosaminoglycans help to regulate water and electrolyte homeostasis. The relation between dermal interstitial alterations and occurrence of edema in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown. We hypothesize that in HFrEF patients (1) interstitial glycosaminoglycan density is increased, (2) changes in the interstitial glycosaminoglycan network are associated with interstitial fluid accumulation, and (3) there is a link between the interstitial glycosaminoglycan network and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Methods and Results:

Two punch biopsies of the skin were obtained in healthy subjects (n=18) and HFrEF patients (n=29). Alcian blue staining and immunostaining for the angiotensin II type 1 receptor was performed. After obtaining tissue water content, total interstitial glycosaminoglycan (uronic acid) and sulfated glycosaminoglycan were quantified. A venous blood sample, clinical examination, and echocardiography were obtained. A significantly higher interstitial glycosaminoglycan content was observed in HFrEF patients compared with healthy subjects (uronic acid: 13.0±4.2 versus 9.6±1.6 μg/mg;
P
=0.002; sulfated glycosaminoglycan: 14.1 [11.7; 18.1] versus 10.0 [9.1; 10.8] μg/mg;
P
<0.001). Uronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan density were strongly associated with tissue water content and peripheral edema (uronic acid: ρ=0.66;
P
<0.0001 and sulfated glycosaminoglycan: τ=0.58;
P
<0.0001). Expression of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor was found on dermal cells, although use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker was associated with significantly lower levels of interstitial glycosaminoglycans in HFrEF patients.

Conclusions:
Interstitial glycosaminoglycan concentration is significantly increased in HFrEF patients compared with healthy subjects and correlated with tissue water content and clinical signs of volume overload. A better appreciation of the interstitial compartment might improve management of volume overload in HF.
Subcutaneous Injection of Nitroglycerin at the Radial Artery Puncture Site Reduces the Risk of Early Radial Artery Occlusion After Transradial Coronary Catheterization
Authors: Chen Yequn , Ke Zhiquan , Xiao Jiaxin , Lin Mengyue , Huang Xiru , Yan Chunyin , Ye Shu , Tan Xuerui 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Transradial coronary catheterization is widely used as a diagnostic or interventional procedure for coronary disease. However, it can lead to adverse complications, such as radial artery occlusion. We sought to determine whether preprocedural injection of nitroglycerin at the radial artery puncture site reduces radial artery occlusion.

Methods and Results:

A total of 188 patients undergoing transradial coronary catheterization were randomized in a single-blind fashion to receive subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mL 0.1% nitroglycerin or a placebo at the radial artery puncture site. The participants underwent ultrasound examinations of the radial artery before and at 24 hours after the procedure. Of the 188 patients enrolled, 182 completed the study, as the procedure failed in 2 participants in the nitroglycerin-treated group and 4 in the placebo group. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between 2 groups. Comparing the radial artery diameters before and after the operation, there was a statistically significant increase in the nitroglycerin-treated group (2.48±0.45 versus 2.45±0.46 mm;
P
=0.003) but a decrease in the placebo control group (2.41±0.50 versus 2.46±0.49 mm;
P
<0.001). Importantly, the incidence of radial arterial occlusion was substantially lower in the nitroglycerin-treated group than in the placebo control group (5.4% versus 14.4%;
P
=0.04). There was not significant difference in other complications (forearm hematoma and radial artery pseudoaneurysm, respectively), and there was no incidence of cause hypotension or an intolerable headache.

Conclusions:
Subcutaneous injection of nitroglycerin at the radial artery puncture site dilates the radial artery and reduces the incidence of early radial artery occlusion post-catheterization.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-IPR-15006559.
Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Efficacy in Ischemic Versus Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Tompkins Bryon A. , Rieger Angela C. , Florea Victoria , Banerjee Monisha N. , Natsumeda Makoto , Nigh Evan D. , Landin Ana Marie , Rodriguez Gianna M. , Hatzistergos Konstantinos E. , Schulman Ivonne Hernandez , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: July 2018

Background

Ischemic cardiomyopathy (
ICM
) and dilated cardiomyopathy (
DCM
) differ in histopathology and prognosis. Although transendocardial delivery of mesenchymal stem cells is safe and provides cardiovascular benefits in both, a comparison of mesenchymal stem cell efficacy in
ICM
versus
DCM
has not been done.

Methods and Results

We conducted a subanalysis of 3 single‐center, randomized, and blinded clinical trials: (1) TAC‐HFT (Transendocardial Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Mononuclear Bone Marrow Cells in Ischemic Heart Failure Trial); (2) POSEIDON (A Phase I/II, Randomized Pilot Study of the Comparative Safety and Efficacy of Transendocardial Injection of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Left Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary to Myocardial Infarction); and (3) POSEIDON‐DCM (Percutaneous Stem Cell Injection Delivery Effects on Neomyogenesis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy). Baseline and 1‐year cardiac structure and function and quality‐of‐life data were compared in a post hoc pooled analysis including
ICM
(n=46) and
DCM
(n=33) patients who received autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells. Ejection fraction improved in
DCM
by 7% (within‐group,
P
=0.002) compared to
ICM
(1.5%; within‐group,
P
=0.14; between‐group,
P
=0.003). Similarly, stroke volume increased in
DCM
by 10.59 mL (
P
=0.046) versus
ICM
(−0.2 mL;
P
=0.73; between‐group,
P
=0.02). End‐diastolic volume improved only in
ICM
(10.6 mL;
P
=0.04) and end‐systolic volume improved only in
DCM
(17.8 mL;
P
=0.049). The sphericity index decreased only in
ICM
(−0.04;
P
=0.0002). End‐diastolic mass increased in
ICM
(23.1 g;
P
<0.0001) versus
DCM
(−4.1 g;
P
=0.34; between‐group,
P
=0.007). The 6‐minute walk test improved in
DCM
(31.1 m;
P
=0.009) and
ICM
(36.3 m;
P
=0.006) with no between‐group difference (
P
=0.79). The New York Heart Association class improved in
DCM
(
P
=0.005) and
ICM
(
P
=0.02; between‐group
P
=0.20). The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire improved in
DCM
(−19.5;
P
=0.002) and
ICM
(−6.4;
P
=0.03; δ between‐group difference
P
=0.042) patients.

Conclusions

Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is beneficial in
DCM
and
ICM
patients, despite variable effects on cardiac phenotypic outcomes. Whereas cardiac function improved preferentially in
DCM
patients,
ICM
patients experienced reverse remodeling. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy enhanced quality of life and functional capacity in both etiologies.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers:
TAC
‐
HFT
:
NCT
00768066,
POSEIDON
:
NCT
01087996,
POSEIDON
‐
DCM
:
NCT
01392625.