bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracking Public Health Workforce Retention: Observations From CDC’s Public Health Associate Program
Authors: Wigington Corinne J. , Colman Laura T. , Sobelson Robyn K. , Young Andrea C. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To describe the career trajectories of 1 cohort of US Public Health Associate Program (PHAP) alumni over 3 years since completing PHAP. Methods. We distributed a Web-based survey at 3 time points between 2014 and 2017 (response rate = 76%). We calculated descriptive statistics in SPSS. Results. At all time points, most alumni were employed. Of those, the percentage employed in public health was 100% at program completion, 86% at year 1, and 68% at year 3. Conclusions. Most alumni were employed in public health jobs at each time point. At the 3-year mark, approximately a third of the alumni had left public health employment, which is in line with documented rates of turnover within the broader public health workforce. Public Health Implications. Service learning programs like PHAP are effective at recruiting early career professionals into public health. The extent to which PHAP is effective at retaining workers in public health after the program appears most promising immediately following the program or in the short term after the program concludes. The extent to which workers are retained in the longer term requires further study.
Included, but Deportable: A New Public Health Approach to Policies That Criminalize and Integrate Immigrants
Authors: De Trinidad Young Maria-Elena , Wallace Steven P. 
Published: July 2019

There has been a burst of research on immigrant health in the United States and an increasing attention to the broad range of state and local policies that are social determinants of immigrant health. Many of these policies criminalize immigrants by regulating the “legality” of their day-to-day lives while others function to integrate immigrants through expanded rights and eligibility for health care, social services, and other resources. Research on the health impact of policies has primarily focused on the extremes of either criminalization or integration. Most immigrants in the United States, however, live in states that possess a combination of both criminalizing and integrating policies, resulting in distinct contexts that may influence their well-being. We present data describing the variations in criminalization and integration policies across states and provide a framework that identifies distinct but concurrent mechanisms of deportability and inclusion that can influence health. Future public health research and practice should address the ongoing dynamics created by both criminalization and integration policies as these likely exacerbate health inequities by citizenship status, race/ethnicity, and other social hierarchies.
Trends and Disparities in Mortality and Progression to AIDS in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era: Tennessee, 1996–2016
Authors: Rebeiro Peter F. , Pettit April C. , Sizemore Lindsey , Mathieson Samantha A. , Wester Carolyn , Kipp Aaron , Shepherd Bryan E. , Sterling Timothy R. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To use statewide surveillance data to examine trends and disparities in mortality and progression from HIV to AIDS comprehensively in Tennessee over the past 20 years. Methods. Individuals diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee from 1996 to 2016 were identified through the Tennessee Department of Health Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System. Clinical AIDS and all-cause mortality were the outcomes. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) for death and competing risk regression yielded adjusted subhazard ratios (SHRs) for AIDS, with death as the competing event. Results. Individuals with a history of heterosexual contact (AHR = 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12, 1.29) and injection drug use (AHR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.38) had increased hazards of death relative to those with a history of male-to-male sexual contact. Hazards of death were lower among White (AHR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.85) and Hispanic (AHR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.40, 0.63) individuals than among Black individuals. Those with heterosexual contact (SHR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.12, 1.29) and injection drug use (SHR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.18, 1.38) had a greater risk of AIDS than those with male-to-male sexual contact. White individuals (SHR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.90) had a lower risk of AIDS than Black individuals, and female individuals (SHR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.79, 0.90) had a lower risk than male individuals. Conclusions. The trends, disparities, and outcomes assessed in our study will inform HIV testing and care linkage program design and implementation in Tennessee.
The Effect of Surgeon Preference for Selective Patellar Resurfacing on Revision Risk in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Vertullo Christopher J. , Graves Stephen E. , Cuthbert Alana R. , Lewis Peter L. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The optimum strategy regarding resurfacing the patella in total knee replacement (TKR) remains debated, with wide national and international variability. To minimize the confounders of a direct comparison of cases with or without resurfacing, we performed an instrumental variable analysis examining revision risk on the basis of surgeon preference for patellar resurfacing in TKR, specifically examining the subsequent patellar revision risk and all-cause revision risk among cases of surgeons preferring to perform resurfacing on a selective basis compared with those whose preference is to routinely resurface or who infrequently perform resurfacing.

Methods:
Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry from 1999 to 2016 were obtained to assess the cumulative percent revision, hazard ratio, and revision diagnoses for 3 cohorts, grouped according the surgeons’ patellar-resurfacing preferences: infrequently (<10% of the time), selectively (10% to <90% of the time), or routinely (≥90% of the time). To avoid confounding from implant design or surgeon performance, only minimally stabilized TKRs using hybrid or cemented fixation and performed by surgeons performing ≥50 TKR procedures per year were included.

Results:
A total of 136,116 procedures were included, with patients in all 3 cohorts having similar demographics. The selectively resurfaced cohort had a higher patellar revision risk compared with the routinely resurfaced cohort, with this risk being greatest in the first 4.5 years following the primary procedure, including 306% higher in the first 1.5 years, and remaining 50% higher after 4.5 years. In a subgroup analysis, increased revision risk was observed among males, females, those <65 years of age, and those ≥65 years of age. The infrequently resurfaced cohort had the highest risk of subsequent patellar revision, up to 482% higher, as seen in the first 1.5 years after the primary procedure, compared with the routinely resurfaced cohort. Additionally, the risk of all-cause revision was 20% higher for the selectively resurfaced cohort compared with routinely resurfaced.

Conclusions:
Surgeons who preferred selective resurfacing of the patella had a higher risk of patellar revision than those who had preference for routine resurfacing of the patella. Overall, a greater preference for resurfacing resulted in a lower risk of patellar revision.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The opioid peptide biphalin modulates human corneal epithelial wound healing in vitro
Authors: Totuk Ozgun Melike Gedar , YILDIZ Erdost , MOLLICA Adriano , KABADAYI Kerem , SAHIN Afsun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Analgesic drugs including nonselective opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used with great precautions to relieve the pain after physical damage of the corneal epithelium, because of their unfavorable effects on wound healing process. Biphalin, a synthetic opioid peptide, which has been demonstrated to possesses a strong analgesic effect on rodents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of biphalin on human corneal epithelium wound healing.

Methods

Immortalized human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) culture was used to test the effects of biphalin on wound healing. The toxicity of biphalin in various concentrations was measured with MTT assay. The effect of 1 µM and 10 µM biphalin were tested on wound closure at in vitro scratch assay of HCECs, and for cell migration and proliferation separately. Naloxone, a non-selective competitive antagonist of opioid receptor, was also used to inhibit the effects of biphalin in all experiments.

Results

Biphalin did not cause any toxic effect on HCECs in concentrations lower than 100 µM at various incubation time points. Biphalin increased wound closure process significantly at 1 µM concentration at in vitro scratch assay of HCECs (p < 0.05); also increased migration of HCECs significantly (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between biphalin and control groups of HCECs at Ki67 proliferation assay.

Conclusion

Biphalin, a synthetic opioid peptide, has a potential role as a novel topical analgesic agent that promotes corneal epithelial wound healing.
Paving the way for more precise diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions
Authors: Ramsauer Anna Sophie , Wachoski-Dark Garrett Louis , Fraefel Cornel , Tobler Kurt , Brandt Sabine , Knight Cameron Greig , Favrot Claude , Grest Paula 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
There is growing evidence that equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) infection is causally associated with the development of equine genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Early stages of disease present as plaques or papillomas, which can gradually progress to carcinoma in situ (CIS) and ultimately SCCs. Guidelines for histological classification of early SCC precursor lesions are not precisely defined, leading to potential misdiagnosis. The aim of this study was to identify histologic criteria and diagnostic markers allowing for a more accurate diagnosis of EcPV2-associated equine penile lesions.
Results
A total of 61 archived equine penile lesions were histologically re-assessed and classified as benign hyperplasia, papilloma, CIS or SCC. From these, 19 representative lesions and adjacent normal skin were comparatively analysed for the presence of EcPV2 DNA and transcripts using PCR and RNA in situ hybridisation (RISH). All tumour samples were positive by EcPV2 PCR and RISH, while adjacent normal skin was negative. RISH analysis yielded signal distribution patterns that allowed distinction of early (hyperplasia, papilloma) from late stage lesions (CIS, SCC). Subsequently, the 19 lesions were further assessed for expression of p53, Ki67, MCM7 and MMP1 by immunohistochemistry (IHC). All four proteins were expressed in both normal and lesional tissue. However, p53 expression was up-regulated in basal keratinocyte layers of papillomas, CIS and SCCs, as well as in upper keratinocyte layers of CIS and SCCs. MCM7 expression was only up-regulated in upper keratinocyte layers of papillomas, CIS and SCCs.
Conclusion
We propose combining a refined histological protocol for analysis of equine penile lesions with PCR- and/or RISH based EcPV2-screening and p53/MCM7 IHC to more accurately determine the type and grade of lesion. This may help guide choice of optimum treatment strategy, especially at early stages of disease.
Genetic characterization and plasmid profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and Quaternary ammonium compound E delta 1 gene producing multi-resistant Shigella species isolated from raw cow milk and milk products in Egypt
Authors: Elkenany Rasha , Eltaysh Rasha , Elsayed Mona , Abdel-daim Mohamed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Multi-resistant Shigella species recovered from raw cow milk and milk products has predominated all over the world especially extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and Quaternary ammonium compound E delta 1 (qacE∆1) genes. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic and disinfectant resistance phenotypes and genotypes as well as plasmid profiles of Shigella species isolated from raw cow milk and milk products in Egypt. The genotypic analysis was determined for the presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1 and blaSHV), tetA(A) and qacE∆.

Results

Twenty-one (7%) of Shigella isolates (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. sonnei) were recovered with S. dysenteriae as the most predominant types. Antibiotic sensitivity tests showed 71.4% of multidrug-resistant Shigella isolates. High resistance rates were observed to tetracyclines (100%), ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate (90.5%, each) and cefaclor (66.7%), whilst no resistance was detected against imipenem, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and azithromycin. Disinfectant susceptibility test of Shigella isolates revealed resistance to phenolic compound (vanillic), while 85.7% of Shigella isolates were benzalkonium chloride resistant. Uniplex PCR analysis exhibit presence of β-lactamase encoding genes (blaTEM in all isolates and blaCTX-M in 28.6% of isolates), tetA(A) in all isolates and 85.7% isolates positive for qacE∆1, while all isolates were negative for blaOXA-1 and blaSHV. All Shigella extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers (6, 100%) were positive for blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and qacE∆1 genes. Furthermore, plasmid profiling revealed seven distinct plasmid patterns (P1-P7) ranging from 1.26 to 33.61 kb among all Shigella strains; S. dysenteriae displayed the greatest variance. The co-transfer of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM and blaCTX-M) and qacE∆1 genes was observed by conjugation.

Conclusions

S. dysenteriae was the most common identified types in the examined sources. Also, the findings imply the emergence of multi-resistant Shigella species either multi-resistant to antibiotics (particularly ESBL producer strains) or disinfectants in Egypt. Thus, the resistance of Shigella species should regularly be monitored and appropriate measures should be taken to manage this problem.
Industrial chemical bisphenol A and raw milk: a toxicokinetic study in lactating dairy sheep after repeated dietary and subcutaneous administration
Authors: Šturm Sabina , Škibin Andrej , Grabnar Iztok , Pogačnik Milan , Flajs Vesna Cerkvenik 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
• Background: Dietary intake is the predominant route for human exposure to bisphenol A and one of the food items important for humans is milk, and BPA-polluted animal feed and environments may thus affect human exposure. The aim of our study was to evaluate the BPA exposure and disposition in sheep milk after repeated dietary and subcutaneous administration of a relatively low dose (100 µg/kg of body weight per day) of BPA to a sheep.

• Results: With our toxicokinetic model, we showed that most likely only free BPA passes into the mammary gland and is subsequently conjugated there. The percentage of the dose eliminated with milk was less than 0.1%, regardless of the route of BPA administration.

• Conclusions: It is proven that the BPA is eliminated through the milk of lactating sheep. However, the amounts excreted in the milk that were detected in this study are minimal.
Comprehensive interventions of safety culture to improve patient safety: A longitudinal follow-up in northeast China
Authors: Zhao Chuang , Chang Qing , Zhang Xi , Wu Qijun , Wu Nan , He Jiao , Zhao Yuhong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Safety culture in hospitals can affect patient disease processes and health status. However, comprehensive measures to improve patient safety and effective methods to precisely assess the outcomes are limited in China.
Methods: A cohort study was carried out in a tertiary hospital in China. Medical caregivers received comprehensive interventions such as a study on emergency plans and professional skills training to improve safety culture at the beginning of January 2017. A total of 553 caregivers in March, 299 caregivers in June and 284 caregivers in December in the same year participated in the three evaluation surveys. The safety attitude questionnaire (SAQ), the dimension frequency and number of events reported in the hospital survey of patient safety culture (HSOPSC) and a questionnaire on barriers to reporting adverse events were used to examine the safety culture changes before, during and at the end of intervention implementation.
Results: The scores for dimension teamwork climate, job satisfaction and perception of management in the SAQ were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The scores for the 17 items in the barriers to reporting adverse events questionnaire were significantly increased (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the scores for the dimension frequency and number of events reported in the HSOPSC after the interventions.
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the interventions improved safety attitudes, and the barriers to reporting adverse events decreased, suggesting that the comprehensive interventions used were helpful for improving the safety culture.
The Effects of sKlotho on Osteoblast Metabolisms under High Glucose and its mechanisms
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Wu Can , Chen Fenqin , Lv Xiujuan , Wang Qiuyue 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Studies have found that excessive reactive oxygen(ROS) productions could cause senile osteoporosis and diabetic osteoporosis(DOP). Silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) has anti-oxidative and anti-aging effects on improving bone metabolism through P53/P21 and P16 pathways in senile osteoporosis. Klotho is a kind of anti-aging gene and Klotho-/- mice is characterized by osteoporosis. The secreted Klotho(sKlotho) proteins exert anti-oxidative stress effect in multiple systems. Our study is aimed to explore the effects of sKlotho on osteoblast metabolisms, Sirt1 expression and senescence pathway under high glucose. Results We found that sKlotho could improve MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation, reduce cell apoptosis and ROS, increased Sirt1 expression, and inhibit P53/P21 and P16 activation under high glucose. While the improvement of MC3T3-E1 activity and anti-aging effect of sKlotho on MC3T3-E1 under high glucose disappeared after transfected with Sirt1-siRNA. Conclusions We concluded that sKlotho could significantly improve the activity of MC3T3-E1, alleviate oxidative stress and senescence under high glucose via increasing the expression of Sirt1 by reducing ROS production.
What Influences Utilization of Senior Citizen Centers? Evidence from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans
Authors: Sharma Bimala , Song Geurum , Nam Eun Woo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Korea has envisioned an expansion of health and social welfare services for the elderly through community-based care. Accordingly, senior citizen centers are in operation.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors, life satisfaction, and health status on the utilization of senior citizen centers by elderly Koreans.

Methods

A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using secondary data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans. Descriptive statistics were used to determine utilization patterns; and chi-square test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted at a 5% significance level to determine the factors associated with senior citizen center utilization.

Result

Of 10,299 elderly people, 21.7% were aged 80 or above, and 22.7% had visited a senior citizen centers in the past 12 months. The most common reasons for visiting was the desire for company, and more than 95% of the subjects were satisfied with the services provided. Regarding socio-demographic factors, those who were female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =1.20), older (AOR=3.94 for ≥80 years), illiterate (AOR=5.27), less educated, or from eup meon bu (AOR=6.42) were most likely to use senior citizen centers. Regarding the life satisfaction, those who experienced financial satisfaction (AOR=1.21), satisfaction with culture (AOR=1.49), and satisfaction with friends and society (AOR=4.24) had the higher odds of senior citizen center utilization. Higher odds of the senior citizen center utilization were observed for the elderly diagnosed with multiple diseases as compared to those who were disease free.

Conclusion

Socio-demographic factors, life satisfaction, and health status influence utilization of the senior citizen centers. Therefore, the government’s community-based care strategy should take these factors into consideration.
Prevalence of sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients in two Neurology referral hospitals in Ethiopia
Authors: Melka Dereje , Tafesse Abenet , Bower James H. , Assefa Demeke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms.Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality has been associated with poverty and race, and yet there has been no prior report on sleep disorders in those with PD living in sub Saharan Africa. We wished to document the prevalence of sleep disorders in PD patients in Ethiopia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional point prevalence study from July 1 to October 30, 2015 of all patients attending the neurology outpatient department in Tikur Anbessa and Zewuditu Memorial Hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Demographic data, clinical history and physical examination findings were collected from participants using a structured questionnaire. We used the Parkinson’s disease sleep scale version two (PDSS-2) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess the sleep symptoms. Results: Of the 155 patients surveyed, all patients reported some sleep problem. Over 43.9% of patients had a PDSS score > 18. The median score of ESS was 9 (IQR = 5-12), with 77/155 (49.7%) of the patients having possible or definite excessive daytime somnolence. A high EDSS score significantly associated with a Hoehn & Yahr score > 4 (p= 0.02). Conclusions: In Ethiopian PD patients, the prevalence of those with severe sleep disorders is the highest reported to date. The prevalence of possible/definite EDS is amongst the highest in the world. Further investigation into whether poverty or race explains this finding is needed.