bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to nature can promote pro‐environmental behavior: Mediating role of temporal discounting
Authors: Hsia Pei‐Chen , Chang Yevvon Yi‐Chi , Chiou Wen‐Bin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOne possible explanation for the lack of pro‐environmental behavior among the public is that the benefits of combating climate change are long‐term and distant. Temporal discounting is a pervasive tendency to prefer small immediate gains to large delayed benefits, which may lead to a lack of motivation to engage in pro‐environmental behavior. However, exposure to nature can reduce this tendency and by extension may promote pro‐environmental behavior. Two behavioral experiments were conducted to investigate whether exposure to natural (vs. urban) scenes would induce lower discounting and increase the tendency toward pro‐environmental behavior. We demonstrated that exposure to natural (vs. urban) scenes was associated with a lower level of discounting and a greater tendency toward pro‐environmental behavior, including energy‐saving use of air conditioning (Experiment 1), willingness to participate in beach cleaning (Experiment 2), and choosing meals with less environmental impact (Experiment 2). Mediation analysis indicated that the discounting tendency mediated the relationship between exposure to natural scenes and pro‐environmental behavior. This study provides the first experimental evidence that temporal discounting accounts for the association between exposure to natural (vs. urban) scenes and the tendency toward pro‐environmental behavior. Our findings support the development of a novel strategy for promoting pro‐environmental behavior.
Classic Grounded Theory: A Rigorous Methodology for Research Involving Participants With Severe/Profound Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Martin Anne‐Marie , Nilsson Lisbeth , Andrews Tom 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncluding people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities as research participants challenges researchers due to their diverse abilities to participate and express themselves. Ensuring the rigour of the research and the credibility of the findings presents a challenge.MethodsWe use examples from our research to demonstrate that Classic Grounded Theory offers a systematic but flexible way of undertaking rigorous, credible research that can involve participants with severe/profound intellectual disability.FindingsExamples from our research show that full and adherent application of Classic Grounded Theory enabled us to generate a multivariate theory at the explanatory level. Rigorous adherence to and application of this methodology and in‐depth analysis of video data unveiled subtle interaction and communication behaviours, as well as the development of tool‐use understanding.ConclusionIt is important that people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities are included in research, so their experiences inform the knowledge and evidence guiding and shaping their care and support. Classic Grounded Theory provides a credible, rigorous research methodology for inclusion of people that may otherwise be excluded as participants.
Memantine‐induced functional rewiring of the glutamate synapse in the striatum of dopamine transporter knockout rats
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Targa Giorgia , Mottarlini Francesca , Thielens Sarah , Rizzi Beatrice , Villers Agnes , Ris Laurence , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Leo Damiana , Fumagalli Fabio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeSlow‐acting biogenic amines, such as dopamine, are known to modulate fast neurotransmitters e.g. glutamate. In the striatum, dopamine (DA) interacts with glutamate, influencing neural excitability and promoting synaptic plasticity. The exact mechanism of such interaction is not fully understood. This study investigates, in detail, how dopamine overactivity in dopamine transporter knockout (DAT−/−) rats, alters the homeostasis of the striatal glutamate synapse from a molecular, behavioural and functional point of view.Experimental ApproachThe expression, localisation, retention and electrophysiological properties of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors as well as dendritic spine density and morphology were investigated in the striatum of DAT−/− rats, at baseline and after treatment with the non‐competitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine (30 mg kg−1).Key ResultsDopamine overactivity dramatically reorganises the striatal glutamate synapse, redistributing NMDA receptors in the synapse as typified by reduced synaptic availability and reduced expression of NMDA scaffolding proteins, as well as by increased GluN2B‐containing NMDA receptors in the extra synapse. Such changes are accompanied by reduced spine density, suggesting dopamine‐induced structural rearrangements. These results converge into a compromised plasticity, as shown by the impaired ability to promote long‐term depression (LTD) in the striatum of DAT−/−rats. Notably, memantine counteracts hyperlocomotion, reverses spine alterations and abolishes the extrasynaptic movements of NMDA receptors in the striatum of DAT−/− rats, thus restoring functional LTD.Conclusion and ImplicationsA hyperdopaminergic condition seems to alter striatal homeostasis by increasing extrasynaptic NMDA receptors. These findings may be relevant to manipulate disorders characterised by elevated dopaminergic activity.
A Novel De Novo Missense Variant in Netrin‐1 (NTN1) Associated With Chorioretinal Coloboma, Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Polydactyly
Authors: Toms Maria , Heppell Cara , Owen Nicholas , Malka Samantha , Moosajee Mariya ,   Genomics England Research Consortium
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicrophthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) comprise a highly heterogeneous spectrum of congenital ocular malformations with an estimated incidence of 1 in 5000 to 1 in 30 000 live births. Although there is likely to be a genetic component in the majority of cases, many remain without a molecular diagnosis. Netrin‐1 was previously identified as a mediator of optic fissure closure from transcriptome analyses of chick and zebrafish and was shown to cause ocular coloboma when knocked out in both mouse and zebrafish. Here, we report the first patient with chorioretinal coloboma and microphthalmia harbouring a novel heterozygous likely pathogenic NTN1 missense variant, c.1483T>A p.(Tyr495Asn), validating a conserved gene function in ocular development. In addition, the patient displayed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss which was investigated by examining the sensory hair cells of ntn1a morphant zebrafish, suggesting a role for netrin‐1 in hair cell development.
Integration of AI‐Assisted in Digital Cervical Cytology Training: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yang Yihui , Xian Dongyi , Yu Lihua , Kong Yanqing , Lv Huaisheng , Huang Liujing , Liu Kai , Zhang Hao , Wei Weiwei , Tang Hongping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the supporting role of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital cervical cytology training.MethodsA total of 104 trainees completed both manual reading and AI‐assisted reading tests following the AI‐assisted digital training regimen. The interpretation scores and the testing time in different groups were compared. Also, the consistency, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of diagnoses were further analysed through the confusion matrix and inconsistency evaluation.ResultsThe mean interpretation scores were significantly higher in the AI‐assisted group compared with the manual reading group (81.97 ± 16.670 vs. 67.98 ± 21.469, p < 0.001), accompanied by a reduction in mean interpretation time (32.13 ± 11.740 min vs. 11.36 ± 4.782 min, p < 0.001). The proportion of trainees' results with complete consistence (Category O) were improved from 0.645 to 0.803 and the averaged pairwise κ scores were improved from 0.535 (moderate) to 0.731 (good) with AI assistance. The number of correct answers, accuracies, sensitivities, specificities, PPV, NPV and κ scores of most class‐specific diagnoses (NILM, Fungi, HSV, LSIL, HSIL, AIS, AC) also improved with AI assistance. Moreover, 97.8% (89/91) of trainees reported substantial improvement in cervical cytology interpretation ability, and all participants (100%, 91/91) expressed a strong willingness to integrate AI‐assisted diagnosis into their future practice.ConclusionsThe utilisation of an AI‐assisted digital cervical cytology training platform positively impacted trainee performance and received high satisfaction and acceptance among clinicians, suggesting its potential as a valuable adjunct to medical education.
Reporting Bone Cytopathology—A Proposal Based on a Single Tertiary Centre Experience
Authors: Köster Jan , De Mattos Camila Bedeschi Rego , Domanski Henryk A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) from bone lesions has been proven to be a useful diagnostic tool but lacks standardisation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of FNAC as a basis to propose and test a reporting system for bone reporting cytopathology.MethodsThis retrospective study is based on patients with bone lesions, that were approached by cytology at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden between 2015 and 2023. The diagnostic performance was measured by sensitivity, specificity and accuracy analyses. All diagnoses were then distributed in six categories: (I) Non‐diagnostic, (II) Benign, (III) Atypia, (IV) Bone neoplasm of uncertain significance, (V) Suspicious for malignancy and (VI) Malignant. The risk of malignancy (ROM) in each category was calculated.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 721 cases. Bone cytology was able to differentiate between benign and malignant lesion with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 99%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 65% but varied significantly among different types of lesions. Within the tested diagnostic categories, the ROM was (I) 48%, (II) 6.7%, (III) 69%, (IV) 28%, (V) 93% and (VI) 100%.ConclusionFNAC from bone lesions is a sensitive and specific diagnostic tool with high diagnostic accuracy among various tumour types. This study provides valuable insights for the development of a standardised reporting system for bone cytopathology.
Lifecycle land decumulation strategies in a seventeenth‐century rural community
Authors: Curtis Daniel R. , van Besouw Bram 
Published: December 2024

AbstractEconomic historians have tried to better understand how and why land was redistributed in rural communities, although our empirical insights have been limited by a lack of serial evidence for land distribution within the same locality across a long period. This article exploits the unusual survival of Veldboeken (field books), which allow a careful annual reconstruction of land distribution within an unremarkable seventeenth‐century village in the south of the modern‐day Netherlands. We show that, despite high levels of dynamism in the local land markets, including high and changing levels of leasehold, varying and flexible tenancies, and frequent transfers of land between parties, the overall aggregate distribution of land did not change very much over time. Employing a systematic lifecycle analysis of active land‐market participants, we advance a broader concept of pre‐industrial ‘decumulation’ – where landowners and land users used adaptive mechanisms within the land market to not just consolidate land but also work out ways of getting rid of it and achieve optimal (and often smaller) farms and estates. Accordingly, we do not find any social logic or natural tendency towards accumulation, consolidation, and greater inequality.
Recently Delisted Songbird Harbors Extensive Genomic Evidence of Inbreeding, Potentially Complicating Future Recovery
Authors: Calderón Anna María , Wood Andrew W. , Szpiech Zachary A. , Toews David P. L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Kirtland's warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) is a rare migratory passerine species and habitat specialist of the North American Jack Pine Forests. Their near extinction in the 1970s classified them as endangered and protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. After decades of intense conservation management, their population size recovered, and they were delisted from federal protection in 2019. We explore the genomic consequences of this harsh bottleneck and recovery by comparing the genomic architecture of two closely related species whose population sizes have remained large and stable, Hooded Warblers (Setophaga citrina) and American Redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla). We used whole‐genome sequencing to characterize the distribution of runs of homozygosity and deleterious genetic variation. We find evidence that Kirtland's warblers exhibit genetic patterns consistent with recent inbreeding. Our results also show that Kirtland's warblers carry an excess proportion of deleterious variation, which could complicate management for this conservation‐reliant species. This analysis provides a genetically informed perspective that should be thoroughly considered when delisting other species from federal protections. Through the increasing accessibility of genome sequencing technology, it will be more feasible to monitor the genetic landscape of recovering populations to ensure their long‐term survival independent of conservation intervention.
The Benefits of Hierarchical Ecosystem Models: Demonstration Using EcoState, a New State‐Space Mass‐Balance Model
Authors: Thorson James T. , Kristensen Kasper , Aydin Kerim Y. , Gaichas Sarah K. , Kimmel David G. , McHuron Elizabeth A. , Nielsen Jens M. , Townsend Howard , Whitehouse George A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEcosystem models predict changes in productivity and status for multiple species, and are important for incorporating climate‐linked dynamics in ecosystem‐based fisheries management. However, fishery regulations are primarily informed by single‐species stock assessment models, which estimate unexplained variation in dynamics (e.g., recruitment, survival, fishery selectivity, etc) using random effects. We review the general benefits of estimating random effects in ecosystem models: (1) better representing biomass cycles and trends for focal species; (2) conditioning interactions upon observed biomass for predators and prey; (3) easier replication of model results using formal estimation rather than informal model “tuning;” and (4) attributing process errors via comparison amongst different models. We then demonstrate these by introducing a new state‐space model EcoState (and associated R‐package) that extends mass balance dynamics from Ecopath with Ecosim. This model estimates mass balance (Ecopath) and time‐dynamics (Ecosim) parameters directly via their fit to time‐series data (biomass indices and fisheries catches) while also estimating the magnitude of process errors using RTMB. A real‐world application involving Alaska pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea suggests that fluctuations in krill consumption are associated with cycles of increased and decreased pollock production. A self‐test simulation experiment confirms that estimating process errors can improve estimates of productivity (growth and mortality) rates. Overall, we show that state‐space mass‐balance models can be fitted to time‐series data (similar to surplus‐production stock assessment models), and can attribute time‐varying productivity to both bottom‐up and top‐down drivers including the contribution of individual predator and prey interactions.
Angiogenic effects of Type 2 diabetes on the dental pulp
Authors: Patel S. , Yang E. , Milne T. J. , Hussaini H. , Cooper P. R. , Friedlander L. T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate the influence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycaemia on blood vessels and angiogenic markers in the dental pulp.MethodologyExtracted non‐carious permanent molar teeth were collected from patients with well‐controlled T2D (n = 10) and non‐T2D (controls) (n = 10). The pulp was examined qualitatively using haematoxylin and eosin and Van Gieson stains. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified the primary receptor for VEGF, VEGFR2, and the endothelial cell marker CD34. Primary human dental pulp cell (hDPC) lines (n = 3) were established from tissue explants and cells were grown in media containing 5.5 mM D‐glucose (control), 12.5 mM (prediabetes) and 25 mM (T2D) D‐glucose under normoxic conditions for 24, 48 and 72 h. Assays for metabolic activity (PrestoBlue) and cell viability (Crystal Violet staining) assessed the hDPC response to hyperglycaemia. The expression of angiogenic genes VEGFA, KDR, FLT‐1, ANGPT1, ANGPT2, TIE1 and TEK were analysed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. ELISAs were used to quantify the level of expressed protein for VEGFA, ANG1, ANG2, TIE1, and TIE2 in the media. Data analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and anova tests at p < .05.ResultsBlood vessels in T2D samples had thicker walls and stained strongly for elastin and collagen compared with non‐T2D samples. VEGFR2 protein was not seen in any T2D samples but consistently detected in healthy specimens. Culturing healthy cells in high glucose (25 mM) significantly reduced cell viability at 24 h compared to the control (p = .005) and 12.5 mM glucose (p = .001) but the metabolic activity was not greatly affected by glucose and time. VEGFA mRNA and VEGFA protein expression were detected in the hDPCs in the presence of hyperglycaemia over time; however, the primary receptor, VEGFR2/KDR, was not detected. Genes for the ANG1 and ANG2 and their receptors were expressed at all glucose concentrations but hyperglycaemia upregulated ANG2 mRNA. Proteins for all growth factors were detected in the media however proteins for TIE1 and TIE2 receptors were not.ConclusionT2D and hyperglycaemia may impair the angiogenic response in the pulp similar to other body site. The scarcity of VEGFR2 and increased expression of ANG2 in response to hyperglycaemia suggests that VEGF and ANG‐Tie1/Tie2 signalling may be compromised.
Scrutinizing the value and implementation of volitional personality development at work
Authors: Hennecke Marie , Ingold Pia V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this commentary, we discuss Dupré and Wille's proposal (2024) to consider employees' personality change goals in the work context. We compare volitional personality development to skill development and call for more evidence to determine the benefits for both employees and organizations in this context. We also put forward that a clearer understanding is required of how job demands influence personality traits and of how these demands interact with and shape the integration of potential complementary personality development training modules. In closing, we provide avenues for future research.
Home‐Based Testing as an Approach to Estimate Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in South Africa, 2021–2022—A Pilot Study
Authors: Moyes Jocelyn , Makhazi Mvuyo , Walaza Sibongile , Ntombela Phiwokuhle , Moosa Fahima , von Gottberg Anne , Wolter Nicole , du Plessis Mignon , Hunt Gillian , Cawood Cherie , Dueger Erica , Cohen Cheryl 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurveillance programmes for influenza and other respiratory pathogens are important to generate vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates and to inform vaccine composition. We aimed to explore the feasibility and acceptability of home‐based testing.MethodsIn three out of nine provinces in South Africa, we established a self‐referral system for individuals aged ≥ 18 years with respiratory symptoms of ≤ 10 days duration. Following consent, swab collection material was delivered to participants who also completed a questionnaire including self‐reported vaccination status. Swabs were tested by PCR for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and SARS‐CoV‐2. A test‐negative methodology was used to estimate influenza VE.ResultsOf 1456 samples collected between 19 November 2021 and 3 September 2022, 73 (5%) tested positive for influenza, 38 (3%) tested positive for RSV and 394 (27%) for SARS‐CoV‐2. We subtyped 55% (40/73) of the influenza positive specimens; 16/40 (40%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09; 10/40 (25%)A(H3N2)) and all 14/40(35%) influenza B were B/Victoria. Only 20% (279/1451) of participants reported influenza‐like illness case definition symptoms of fever and cough. Influenza vaccine coverage was 11% (157/1454). The overall influenza VE was 26% (95% confidence interval: −73%, 69%). Of the completed acceptability questionnaires, 123/127 (97%) participants would make use of the service again; 90% (1306) were recruited via the COVID‐19 testing centre (call in, social media, webpage), and 7% (99/1306) through CoughWatchSA.ConclusionsHome‐based swabbing was feasible and acceptable. We were able to calculate an influenza VE, although a larger sample size and verification of vaccine status may improve the VE estimates in the future.
Glass‐ceramics: From ideas to products
Authors: Höland Wolfram , Beall George H. , Smith Charlene M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis publication pursues the goal of recording the steep and narrow path of the development of glass‐ceramics, starting from the initial idea to the product. It provides a guide for developers (whether chemists, materials scientists, engineers, or technologists) of glass‐ceramic products to develop materials with special properties and combinations of properties. At the same time, the publication illustrates the variety of possibilities for using these materials in diverse areas. These application areas reach from technology to dentistry and human medicine.
Improvement of piezoelectric properties of PZT‐based low‐temperature‐sintered ceramics through heterovalent ion doping
Authors: Liu Hong , Luo Yaxia , Chen Hao , Zhuang Wanfeng , Wang Weiling , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)‐based piezoceramics can be improved by doping with heterovalent ions at the A/B sites. Nd3+ ions were codoped at the A site and Ta5+ ions were doped into the B site of Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)(Mg0.5W0.5)(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 (xNd2O3‐PZTMWNN) ceramics sintered at a low temperature of 940°C. The number of Ta5+ ions at site B remained constant, whereas the number of Nd3+ ions at site A changed. The degree of deviation from the Curie–Weiss law (∆Tm) and the degree of diffuseness of the ferroelectric relaxors (γ) have a direct and close relationship. Combined analysis of the grain size, phase structure, domain structure, and activation energy (Ea) for domain wall movement was used to understand the mechanism of the piezoelectric improvement in PZT‐based ceramics. The high proportion of the tetragonal phase in the coexisting tetragonal–rhombohedral phases is closely related to the low Ea, which promotes domain rotation and leads to high piezoelectricity. The xNd2O3–PZTMWNN (x = 2.0, 2.5) ceramics have a very low Ea, but the clamping effect caused by the fine grain boundaries hinders the motion of the domain wall. The xNd2O3–PZTMWNN (x = 1.0) ceramics with low Ea, striped nanodomains, and large grains exhibited the highest piezoelectric activity.