bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inkontinenz bei Leistungssportlerinnen
Authors: Schulte-Frei Birgit , Jäger Lars 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Entgegen der Annahme, dass der Beckenboden bei Leistungssportlerinnen besonders stark ist und aufgrund eines überdurchschnittlich guten Körperbewusstseins auch bei extremer Belastung adäquat funktioniert, zeigt eine Vielzahl von Studien, dass Fehlfunktionen des Beckenbodens bei Leistungssportlerinnen ein häufiges Problem darstellt.
Ziel Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Darstellung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes, die Enttabuisierung der Thematik Inkontinenz sowie die Darlegung rehabilitativer und präventiver Therapiemethoden.
Methode Für eine Übersicht über den wissenschaftlichen Stand der Problematik wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse In den 28 zur Untersuchung herangezogenen Artikeln zeigten Kategorien diverser Sportarten unterschiedlich hohe Prävalenzen von Inkontinenz (abhängig von der jeweiligen Sportart: Y bis 70 %). Ursachen hierfür finden sich in Struktur, Trainingssteuerung und -beanspruchung, hormonellem Status sowie der psychischen Verfassung. Diese können nicht nur zeitgleich einwirken, sondern beeinflussen sich auch gegenseitig. Bei ca. 20 % der Athletinnen führt eine Verstärkung der Symptomatik zum Abbruch der sportlichen Karriere und erhöht zudem die Wahrscheinlichkeit, im späteren Leben erneut Inkontinenz zu entwickeln.
Schlussfolgerungen Vor allem bei jungen Sportlerinnen sollte das Tabu Inkontinenz thematisiert werden. Darüber hinaus sollten Trainingsprogramme die Inkontinenz mindernde und Präventivmaßnahmen einschließen. Neben Beckenbodentraining können Hilfsmittel (z. B. Pelvic Trainer) oder mentales Training hilfreich sein.
60plus: Förderfaktoren und Barrieren für die Teilnahme an einem Bewegungsförderungsprogramm
Authors: Eberli-Kappeler Ursula , Nast Irina , Huber Erika , Niedermann Karin 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die ältere Bevölkerung einer 100 000 Einwohner zählenden Schweizer Stadt wurde mittels der 3-monatigen Kampagne „60plus-lustvoll mobil“ mit 4 frei wählbaren Angeboten (Vorträge, individuelle Beratung, Gangsicherheits- und Rhythmik-Kurse) auf die Wichtigkeit von körperlicher Aktivität aufmerksam gemacht.
Ziel Das Ziel der hier präsentierten Begleitforschung war die Untersuchung der die Teilnahme an der Kampagne beeinflussenden Faktoren, um für zukünftige ähnliche Kampagnen Empfehlungen zu formulieren.
Methode Die Teilnehmer der verschiedenen Angebote der Kampagne wurden in einer Querschnittsstudie mit einem auf das Angebot zugeschnittenen Fragebogen befragt.
Ergebnisse Die meistgenutzten Angebote waren die individuelle Beratung mit 195 Besuchern (35 % Rücklauf, n = 68) und der Vortrag mit 75 Besuchern (61 % Rücklauf, n = 46). Die häufigsten Förderfaktoren zur Teilnahme umfassten für den Vortrag „Neugierde“ (76 %), für die Beratung „Wunsch, mehr zu wissen“ (64 %), für den Gangsicherheitskurs „Gangsicherheit“ (94 %) und für den Rhythmik-60plus-Kurs „Verbesserung des Gleichgewichts und der Leistungsfähigkeit“ (71 %). Als Barriere für die Nutzung eines anderen Angebots wurde am häufigsten „kein Bedarf“ genannt.
Schlussfolgerung Die Teilnehmer der Kampagne erwiesen sich als neugierig, wollten mehr Wissen erwerben und etwas für ihre Gesundheit tun. Sie bevorzugten mehrheitlich eine individuelle Beratung zur körperlichen Aktivität und nutzten die Kurse spezifisch und problemorientiert. Ihre klaren Titel unterstützten sie darin, das für sie richtige Angebot zu wählen. Auch zukünftige Kampagnen sollten spezifische und problemorientierte Angebote beinhalten.
In den Forschungsethikkommissionen müssen Physiotherapeuten vertreten sein, denn nur so können die Kommissionen lernen, was es heißt, in Physiotherapie zu forschen
Authors: Hummel Alexandra , Klotz Susanne , Porz Rouven 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nicht erst die jüngere Geschichte zeigt, dass es bei der Forschung am Menschen ein Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Forschungsinteresse und allgemeingültigen Werten und Normen gibt. Im Zuge der Professionalisierung der Physiotherapie ist daher eine grundlegende Begutachtung ethischer Probleme in der Forschung notwendig.
Ziel Das Ziel der Arbeit war es, ethische Herausforderungen in der Physiotherapieforschung aufzudecken, zu illustrieren und in geeigneter Form zu analysieren.
Methode Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage wurden der qualitative Forschungszugang gewählt und semi-strukturiere Interviews mit Forschenden aus der Physiotherapie und im Bereich der Ethik arbeitenden Personen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Ethische Herausforderungen, welche Inhalt der Interviews mit Forschenden aus dem Bereich der Ethik (E) und/oder aus der Physiotherapie (P) waren, sind: gesellschaftlicher Nutzen (E & P), gutes wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (E & P), Auswahl der Probanden (E & P), günstiges Risiko-Nutzen-Verhältnis (E & P), informierte Einwilligung (E & P), Wahrung der Rechte der Teilnehmer (E & P), Physiotherapie als körperliche Praxis (E & P), therapeutisches Missverständnis (E & P) und Einsatz von Placebos und Kontrollgruppen (E & P), externe Überprüfung der Forschung (E), Rekrutierung innerhalb der Berufsgruppe (E), Umgang mit Drop-outs (E), fehlende wissenschaftliche Grundlage (P), qualitätsmindernder Einfluss der Ressourcen auf die Studie (P), Bewusstsein über eigenen Einfluss auf die Studie (P), Aufklärung der Probanden (P) nach Abschluss der Studie über Ergebnisse (P).
Schlussfolgerung Die Wahl des qualitativen Forschungsansatzes erwies sich als sinnvoll, da die ganzheitliche Betrachtung einer Begebenheit im Vordergrund stand. Die Arbeit kann als Grundlage für weitere Forschung dienen.
A Novel Technique to Perform Microvascular Anastomosis Revisions without Clamps
Authors: Harb Amro , Levi Maxwell , Akelina Yelena , Kadiyala Rajendra , Ascherman Jeffrey 
Published: September 2018

Background For surgeons learning microsurgery, uneven spacing between sutures while performing microvascular arterial anastomoses is one of the most common technical errors made that can lead to leakage. Based on the previous surgical experience and training of these surgeons, the first option chosen to prevent bleeding is to place a vascular clamp proximal to the anastomosis and an additional suture at the site of the leak. Because this technique may have technical and thrombosis concerns, our study proposes an alternative technique of performing post-anastomotic revisions without the use of clamps.
Methods Our technique involves placing a cotton-tipped applicator under the artery and lifting it to partially occlude flow within the vessel as an additional suture is placed at the leakage site to complete the revision. One-hundred eighty-four microvascular anastomoses were performed on the femoral arteries of 92 Sprague-Dawley rats, and of the 184 anastomoses, 147 had a leak and required a post-anastomotic revision. All revisions were completed using our technique, and no clamps were used during any of the revisions.
Results Of the 147 post-anastomotic revisions completed using our technique, 141 (95.9%) were patent 2 hours post-revision. The mean operating time for the revisions was 5:03 minutes (range, 1:44–6:30 minutes).
Conclusion Our technique of partially occluding an artery with a cotton-tipped applicator while performing a post-anastomotic revision is a safe and effective alternative to using vascular clamps. Our technique may also reduce technical errors and have a low risk of causing thrombosis when completing post-anastomotic revisions.
Understanding walkability and walking rates in Berlin: an urban form and street pattern comparison
Authors: Valera Sosa A. , Nickl-Weller C. 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Background: This descriptive study provides information indicative of the interaction between physical features of neighbourhood environments with health behaviours such as walking and biking which consequently affect disease rates related to lifestyle. Aim: Through a summary of systematic observations at two urban scales, the macro and mesolevels, a neighbourhood comparison was realized in Berlin, Germany, to explore how urban forms and street patterns can support walking or biking, or not, despite seasonal variations, socio-economic status, cultural backdrop or individual decisions to walk. For this study, a conceptual evaluation framework was conceived and structured to assess secondary data from public databases, conveniently decreasing time and costs. Result: The framework and preliminary results of the work aim to be a significant endeavour in promoting transdisciplinarity among researchers and practitioners mainly from public health, architecture, urban planning and design fields.
Topological localization in out-of-equilibrium dissipative systems
Authors: Dasbiswas Kinjal , Mandadapu Kranthi K. , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Topological insulators and their analogs in mechanical materials support conducting states only on their surface. We show that such topologically protected edge modes can also occur as the steady states of classical systems driven out of equilibrium. As proof of principle of the generic applicability of such notions, we show the existence of topologically localized states in a collection of interacting particles described by a hydrodynamic theory and discuss a general procedure to establish them in stochastic networks. In both cases, dissipative processes that break time-reversal symmetry are key to topological protection. Our results provide design principles for robust edge modes in synthetic systems as well as for the localization of flow of matter and information in biology.
Consulting Activities of Agricultural Economists and Response to University Policies
Authors: Conley Kelsey L. , Lusk Jayson L. , Parcell Joe L. , Tonsor Glynn T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA perk of academic employment is the ability to earn additional income from non‐university entities by consulting. Despite the availability of such work, the potential synergies with research, teaching, and extension, and the controversy sometimes surrounding it, there is surprisingly little research on the prevalence of outside consulting, the determinants of consulting, or the response of faculty to specific university consulting policies. To address these issues, this paper utilizes data from a nationwide survey of academic agricultural economists. We find that about 43% of the sample reported consulting activities in the year prior to the survey. Of those who consulted, 12% (or about $34,000) of their total household income on average comes from outside consulting activities. Income from consulting is positively correlated with having a research appointment, income earned from the university, and number of career published papers. We also document extensive heterogeneity across university consulting policies and perceptions of these policies.
Spatial Renewable Resource Extraction under Possible Regime Shift
Authors: Costello Christopher , Nkuiya Bruno , Quérou Nicolas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow will countries harvesting mobile natural resources react to the possibility of regime shift? We address the non‐cooperative exploitation of a migratory renewable resource in the presence of possible regime shift that affects its movement. Motivated by the anticipated effects of climate change, we model a regime shift that will alter the spatial movement patterns of the resource at some point in the future. We develop a stochastic spatial bioeconomic model to address the effects of this class of regime shift on non‐cooperative harvest decisions made by decentralized owners such as countries exploiting a migratory fish or other natural resource stock. We find that the threat of a future shift modifies the standard “golden rule”, and may induce more aggressive harvest everywhere, irrespective of whether the owner will be advantaged or disadvantaged by the shift. We also identify conditions under which the threat of regime shift induces owners to reduce harvest rates in advance of the shift. Our analysis suggests that different property rights structures (single ownership vs common property) or heterogeneous growth can give rise to previously unexplored incentives and can even reverse conventional wisdom about how countries will react to the prospect of future environmental change.
Impact of Fractional Ablative Carbon Dioxide Laser on the Treatment of Rhinophyma
Authors: Amaral Maine Trece de Siqueira Santos do , Haddad Alessandra , Nahas Fabio Xerfan , Juliano Yara , Ferreira Lydia Masako 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Rhinophyma results in nasal deformity, which may lead to significant distress, embarrassment, social isolation, and low self-esteem. Fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser treatment is a simple, noninvasive, outpatient procedure with a low complication rate that has proved useful in rhinophyma treatment.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of fractional ablative CO2 laser treatment on self-esteem in patients with rhinophyma.

Methods
Twelve patients with rhinophyma, between 50 and 80 years of age, received 4 monthly treatment sessions with a fractional ablative CO2 laser. The laser parameters were chosen based on the severity of the condition of each patient. Patient satisfaction was assessed through a study-specific questionnaire administered 1 month after treatment. Self-esteem was assessed by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale, which was administered before treatment, and at 1, 6, and 12 months after treatment.

Results
A decrease in RSE scores was observed in the post-treatment period, indicating an improvement in self-esteem among patients. All patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results and would recommend the treatment to a friend.

Conclusions
Fractional ablative CO2 laser treatment is associated with high levels of rhinophyma patient satisfaction, and significant improvements in self-esteem.

Level of Evidence: 4
A Bayesian framework for high-throughput T cell receptor pairing
Authors: Holec Patrick V , Berleant Joseph , Bathe Mark , Birnbaum Michael E 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The study of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires has generated new insights into immune system recognition. However, the ability to robustly characterize these populations has been limited by technical barriers and an inability to reliably infer heterodimeric chain pairings for TCRs.

Results
Here, we describe a novel analytical approach to an emerging immune repertoire sequencing method, improving the resolving power of this low-cost technology. This method relies upon the distribution of a T cell population across a 96-well plate, followed by barcoding and sequencing of the relevant transcripts from each T cell. Multicell Analytical Deconvolution for High Yield Paired-chain Evaluation (MAD-HYPE) uses Bayesian inference to more accurately extract TCR information, improving our ability to study and characterize T cell populations for immunology and immunotherapy applications.

Availability and implementation
The MAD-HYPE algorithm is released as an open-source project under the Apache License and is available from https://github.com/birnbaumlab/MAD-HYPE.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The retrospective study of 93 patients with transmigration of mandibular canine and a comparative analysis with a control group
Authors: Plakwicz Paweł , Abramczyk Joanna , Wojtaszek-Lis Julita , Sajkowska Jolanta , Warych Barbara , Gawron Katarzyna , Burzykowski Tomasz , Zadurska Małgorzata , Czochrowska Ewa Monika , Wojtowicz Andrzej , Górska Renata , Kukuła Krzysztof 
Published: September 2018

Summary

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of patients with unilateral transmigration of a mandibular canine in the largest study group presented until now.

Materials and methods
The study group consisted of 93 patients with unilateral transmigration of mandibular canine; the control group included 85 non-affected patients. Type of transmigration, status of deciduous and permanent canines, prevalence of missing teeth, class of occlusion, and space conditions were assessed to draw comparisons between groups.

Results
In this study, 64.5 per cent patients presented type 1 of transmigration; types 2, 3, 4, and 5 were present in, respectively, 23.7, 5.4, 4.3, and 2.1 per cent patients. There was a clear, statistically significant difference (P < 0.0001) between the mean crown and apex migration and angulation for the three groups of canines (transmigrated, contralateral, and control), whereas no differences were observed for the total number of permanent teeth present. In the study group, 73.1 per cent patients retained their primary canine on the affected side and 18.3 per cent on the contralateral side; in the control group, 22.3 per cent subjects had at least one primary canine. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of types of malocclusion between the study and the control groups.

Conclusions
Transmigration of mandibular canine was associated with the presence of retained primary canine on the affected side, higher mesial tilting of contralateral mandibular canine when compared to the canines in the control group. Additionally, higher prevalence of Angle’s Class I occlusion in patients with canine transmigration was recorded.
Fish species identification using a convolutional neural network trained on synthetic data
Authors: Allken Vaneeda , Handegard Nils Olav , Rosen Shale , Schreyeck Tiffanie , Mahiout Thomas , Malde Ketil 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Acoustic-trawl surveys are an important tool for marine stock management and environmental monitoring of marine life. Correctly assigning the acoustic signal to species or species groups is a challenge, and recently trawl camera systems have been developed to support interpretation of acoustic data. Examining images from known positions in the trawl track provides high resolution ground truth for the presence of species. Here, we develop and deploy a deep learning neural network to automate the classification of species present in images from the Deep Vision trawl camera system. To remedy the scarcity of training data, we developed a novel training regime based on realistic simulation of Deep Vision images. We achieved a classification accuracy of 94% for blue whiting, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic mackerel, showing that automatic species classification is a viable and efficient approach, and further that using synthetic data can effectively mitigate the all too common lack of training data.
Instruments and relics
Authors: Higgitt Rebekah 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Despite the age and prestige of the Royal Society of London, the history of its collections of scientific instruments and apparatus has largely been one of accidental accumulation and neglect. This article tracks their movements and the processes by which objects came to be recognized as possessing value beyond reuse or sale. From at least the mid-nineteenth century, the few surviving objects with links to the society’s early history and its most illustrious Fellows came to be termed ‘relics’, were treated with suitable reverence, put on display and made part of the society’s public self-presentation. If the more quotidian objects survived into the later 1800s, when their potential as objects for collection, research, display, reproduction and loan began to be appreciated, they are likely to have survived to the present day.
Kuznets meets Lucas: structural change and human capital
Authors: Cruz Edgar 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This paper develops a multi-sector growth model with human capital accumulation. In this model, human capital induces structural change through two channels: changes in relative prices and changes in the investment rate of physical and human capital. We show that the specifications of the model give rise to a generalized balanced growth path (GBGP). Furthermore, We show that the model is consistent with (i) the decline in agriculture, (ii) the hump-shaped of manufacturing, (iii) the rise of the services sector, and (iv) the path of human capital accumulation in the US economy during the 20th century. Given the findings, We outline that imbalances between physical and human capital contribute to explain cross-country differences in the pace of structural change.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count Thresholds: A Simple, Readily Available Tool to Predict the Risk of Cytomegalovirus Infection After Transplantation
Authors: Meesing Atibordee , Razonable Raymund R 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This study of 64 solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients found that peripheral blood absolute lymphocyte count of &lt;610 and &lt;830/µL, respectively, correlated with cytomegalovirus infection. In an era when sophisticated measures of CMV-specific T cells are emerging, we emphasize the utility of the inexpensive and readily-available absolute lymphocyte count.
Trading off the cost of conflict against expected rewards
Authors: Sidarus Nura , Palminteri Stefano , Chambon Valérian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractValue-based decision-making involves trading off the cost associated with an action against its expected reward. Research has shown that both physical and mental effort constitute such subjective costs, biasing choices away from effortful actions, and discounting the value of obtained rewards. Facing conflicts between competing action alternatives is considered aversive, as recruiting cognitive control to overcome conflict is effortful. Yet, it remains unclear whether conflict is also perceived as a cost in value-based decisions. The present study investigated this question by embedding irrelevant distractors (flanker arrows) within a reversal-learning task, with intermixed free and instructed trials. Results showed that participants learned to adapt their choices to maximize rewards, but were nevertheless biased to follow the suggestions of irrelevant distractors. Thus, the perceived cost of being in conflict with an external suggestion could sometimes trump internal value representations. By adapting computational models of reinforcement learning, we assessed the influence of conflict at both the decision and learning stages. Modelling the decision showed that conflict was avoided when evidence for either action alternative was weak, demonstrating that the cost of conflict was traded off against expected rewards. During the learning phase, we found that learning rates were reduced in instructed, relative to free, choices. Learning rates were further reduced by conflict between an instruction and subjective action values, whereas learning was not robustly influenced by conflict between one’s actions and external distractors. Our results show that the subjective cost of conflict factors into value-based decision-making, and highlights that different types of conflict may have different effects on learning about action outcomes.