bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumer awareness and utilization of clinical services, and their satisfaction and loyalty with community pharmacies: Analysis of a US nationwide survey
Authors: Parker Tavan , Tak Casey R. , Kim Kibum , Feehan Michael , Munger Mark A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionCommunity pharmacies are the most accessible health care service locations. While providing greater patient health care access, there is a need for understanding consumer awareness and utilization of pharmacy‐provided services and their satisfaction and loyalty to the pharmacy setting.ObjectivesTo determine consumer utilization and awareness of services and to identify what factors influence satisfaction and loyalty within a community pharmacy.MethodsA 30‐minute online survey of 9202 adult consumers across the United States was conducted. Patient's self‐reported awareness and utilization, satisfaction with their community pharmacies, and likelihood to recommend their current pharmacy were scored. The likelihood to recommend scores was translated into a Net Promoter Score (NPS). Regression analysis was utilized to identify associated independent variables associated with consumer awareness, utilization, satisfaction, and loyalty to their community pharmacy.ResultsConsumer utilization of medication distribution services was more common than use of clinical services, even though many consumers are aware of available clinical services. Consumer satisfaction with and loyalty to their community pharmacy was ranked high (8.67 ± 1.39; 8.56 + 1.66 [both strongly agree], respectively). Trusting the pharmacist to provide accurate medication and general health information were ranked as strongly agree (8.25 ± 2.04) and moderately agree (6.42 ± 2.84). Consumer's NPS (+49.9) was moderately‐high with a major proportion being promoters (60.1%) of their community pharmacy. Multivariate regression showed that community pharmacy satisfaction and loyalty were modestly associated with advanced age, the provision of accurate medication and health information, and medication dispensing functions.ConclusionSatisfaction and loyalty are vital aspects in the delivery and efficacy of health care, especially in the community pharmacy setting. The results of this study show that consumers are promotors of community pharmacies and that pharmacists are an important source for health and medication information.
Retracted: Smad4 gene silencing enhances the chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cells to adriamycin via inhibition of the activation of transforming growth factor β signaling pathway
Authors: Li Qiuhuan , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhao Chuanli 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere are diverse investigations focused on the therapies of lymphoma. Our research was taken to identify the effects of lentiviral‐mediated Smad4 gene silencing on chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cells to adriamycin (ADM) via transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway. Raji/ADM cells were cultured and infected with lentiviral particles Smad4‐short hairpin (shRNA) and control‐shRNA. Then, the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of TGFβ signaling pathway–related factors (Smad4, Smad3, cyclinE, cyclinD1, and p21) in Raji/ADM cells were determined. The effect of Smad4‐shRNA on cell viability, invasion and migration, and apoptosis were also detected. Compared with the Raji group, increased mRNA and protein levels of Smad4, Smad3, cyclinE, cyclinD1, enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as decreased mRNA, and protein levels of p21 and cell apoptosis rate were found in the Raji/ADM and control‐shRNA groups. However, Smad4 gene silencing resulted in decreased mRNA and protein levels of Smad4, Smad3, cyclinE, and cyclinD1 along with inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion but increased expression of p21 together with cell apoptosis. Collectively, Smad4 gene silencing can inhibit the activation of TGFβ signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cells to ADM.
Insights into the mode of flavin mononucleotide binding and catalytic mechanism of bacterial chromate reductases: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Pradhan Sukanta Kumar , Singh Nihar Ranjan , Dehury Budheswar , Panda Debashis , Modi Mahendra Kumar , Thatoi Hrudayanath 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnzymes from natural sources protect the environment via complex biological mechanisms, which aid in reductive immobilization of toxic metals including chromium. Nevertheless, progress was being made in elucidating high‐resolution crystal structures of reductases and their binding with flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to understand the underlying mechanism of chromate reduction. Therefore, herein, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, principal component analysis (PCA), and binding free energy calculations to understand the dynamics behavior of these enzymes with FMN. Six representative chromate reductases in monomeric and dimeric forms were selected to study the mode, dynamics, and energetic component that drive the FMN binding process. As evidenced by MD simulation, FMN prefers to bind the cervix formed between the catalytic domain surrounded by strong conserved hydrogen bonding, electrostatic, and hydrophobic contacts. The slight movement and reorientation of FMN resulted in breakage of some crucial H‐bonds and other nonbonded contacts, which were well compensated with newly formed H‐bonds, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. The critical residues aiding in tight anchoring of FMN within dimer were found to be strongly conserved in the bacterial system. The molecular mechanics combined with the Poisson‐Boltzmann surface area binding free energy of the monomer portrayed that the van der Waals and electrostatic energy contribute significantly to the total free energy, where, the polar solvation energy opposes the binding of FMN. The proposed proximity relationships between enzyme and FMN binding site presented in this study will open up better avenues to engineer enzymes with optimized chromate reductase activity for sustainable bioremediation of heavy metals.
Al18F labeled sulfonamide‐conjugated positron emission tomography tracer in vivo tumor‐targeted imaging
Authors: Liu Fan , Zhao Biao , Xia Xiao‐Tian , Yan Jia‐Rui , Yu Fa‐Quan , Yan Guo‐Ping , Hu Jia , Chen Si , Wang Yu‐Fang , Liu Hui , Lan Xiao‐Li , Zhang Yong‐Xue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn ideal positron emission tomography (PET) tracer should be highly extractable by the tumor tissue or organ that contains low toxicity and can provide high‐resolution images in vivo. In this work, the aim was to evaluate the application of Al18F‐labeled 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid containing sulfonamide group (18F‐Al‐NOTA‐SN) as a potential tumor‐targeting signal‐enhanced radioactive tracer in PET. SN as a tumor‐targeting group was incorporated to NOTA to make a ligand. Subsequently, this ligand reacted with Na18F and AlCl3 to produce a compound 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐SN. This compound was further characterized and its property in regard to cell cytotoxicity assay, microPET imaging, biodistribution, cell uptake assay, and tumor selectivity in vitro and in vivo, was also investigated. 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐SN possessed low cell cytotoxicity and uptake to COS‐7 and 293T healthy cells and high cell cytotoxicity and uptake to MDA‐MB‐231, HepG2, and HeLa tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐SN showed good tumor‐targeting property and high PET signal enhancement of HeLa tumors, liver, and kidneys in mice, as well as the uptake ratios of tumor to blood and tumor to muscle, were 4.98 and 3.87, respectively. 18F‐Al‐NOTA‐SN can be accepted to be kidney and liver eliminated earlier and show a potential tumor‐targeting signal‐enhanced radioactive tracer in PET.
External quality assessment for PML‐RARα detection in acute promyelocytic leukemia: Findings and summary
Authors: Wu Qisheng , Zhang Rui , Fu Yu , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Kun , Li Jinming 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThe confirmation of clinical diagnosis, molecular remission, and sequential minimal residual disease monitoring required PML‐RARα detection in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The current status of PML‐RARα detection in various laboratories remains unknown.MethodsIn 2018, external quality assessment (EQA) for PML‐RARα detection was carried out in China. Three EQA sample panels for PML‐RARα isoform L/S/V were prepared by different mock leukocyte samples. The performances of PML‐RARα detection, including admission screening, and qualitative and quantitative detection by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT‐qPCR), were assessed based on APL simulated clinical case.ResultsThe mock leukocyte samples met the requirements of a clinically qualified sample for PML‐RARα EQA panel. Among the laboratories, 13/50 (26.0%) were “competent,” 21/50 (42%) classified as “acceptable,” and 16/50 (32.0%) classified as “improvable.” One (1/50, 2.0%) laboratory reported one screening mistake. Twenty‐six (26/50, 52.0%) laboratories reported 29 false‐positive and 19 false‐negative results. Twenty‐three (23/50, 46.0%) laboratories reported 42 quantitative incorrect results.ConclusionSignificant differences were not found in PML‐RARα detection performance among laboratories that used different extraction methods. The performances of qualitative and quantitative RT‐qPCR detection were worse accurate for PML‐RARα isoform V. Quantitative variation was higher for low‐level samples. Further continuous external assessment and education are needed in the management of PML‐RARα detection.
Systematic analysis of differentially methylated expressed genes and site‐speciﬁc methylation as potential prognostic markers in head and neck cancer
Authors: Bai Guohui , Song Jukun , Yuan Yiwen , Chen Zhu , Tian Yuan , Yin Xinhai , Niu Yuming , Liu Jianguo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) remains one of the most malignant tumors with a significantly high mortality. DNA methylation exerts a vital role in the prognosis of HNC. In this study, we try to screen abnormal differential methylation genes (DMGs) and pathways in Head–Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via integral bioinformatics analysis. Data of gene expression microarrays and gene methylation microarrays were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Aberrant DMGs were identified by the R Limma package. We conducted the Cox regression analysis to select the prognostic aberrant DMGs and site‐speciﬁc methylation. Five aberrant DMGs were recognized that significantly correlated with overall survival. The prognostic model was constructed based on five DMGs (PAX9, STK33, GPR150, INSM1, and EPHX3). The five DMG models acted as prognostic biomarkers for HNC. The area under the curve based on the five DMGs predicting 5‐year survival is 0.665. Moreover, the correlation between the DMGs/site‐speciﬁc methylation and gene expression was also explored. The findings demonstrated that the five DMGs can be used as independent prognostic biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of patients with HNC. Our study might lay the groundwork for further mechanism exploration in HNC and may help identify diagnostic biomarkers for early stage HNC.
Radiomics model of contrast‐enhanced MRI for early prediction of acute pancreatitis severity
Authors: Lin Qiao , JI Yi‐fan , Chen Yong , Sun Huan , Yang Dan‐dan , Chen Ai‐li , Chen Tian‐wu , Zhang Xiao Ming 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) or MR images may cause the severity of early acute pancreatitis (AP) to be underestimated. As an innovative image analysis method, radiomics may have potential clinical value in early prediction of AP severity.PurposeTo develop a contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI‐based radiomics model for the early prediction of AP severity.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 259 early AP patients were divided into two cohorts, a training cohort (99 nonsevere, 81 severe), and a validation cohort (43 nonsevere, 36 severe).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T, T1‐weighted CE‐MRI.AssessmentRadiomics features were extracted from the portal venous‐phase images. The "Boruta" algorithm was used for feature selection and a support vector machine model was established with optimal features. The MR severity index (MRSI), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, and the bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) were calculated to predict the severity of AP.Statistical TestsIndependent t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, chi‐square test, Fisher's exact tests, Boruta algorithm, receiver operating characteristic analysis, DeLong test.ResultsEleven potential features were chosen to develop the radiomics model. In the training cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics model, APACHE II, BISAP, and MRSI were 0.917, 0.750, 0.744, and 0.749, and the P value of AUC comparisons between the radiomics model and scoring systems were all less than 0.001. In the validation cohort, the AUC of the radiomics model, APACHE II, BISAP, and MRSI were 0.848, 0.725, 0.708, and 0.719, respectively, and the P value of AUC comparisons were 0.96 (radiomics vs. APACHE II), 0.40 (radiomics vs. BISAP), and 0.46 (radiomics vs. MRSI).Data ConclusionThe radiomics model had good performance in the early prediction of AP severity.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:397–406.
Water‐Triggered Rapid Release of Biocide with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity in Biodiesel
Authors: Pei Hao , Abbaspourrad Alireza , Zhang Weixia , Wu Zhengwei , Weitz David A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiodiesel inherently contains more water than mineral diesel and as a result microbial contamination is a major problem that hinders its widespread application. The current method of removing the microbial contamination is direct addition of biocide. However, this method cannot enrich the water phase with biocide rapidly enough, leading to unavoidable overdosing of biocide and environmental issues. Here, biocide is encapsulated within hydrogel microparticles with a water‐triggered release feature to improve antimicrobial efficiency of biocide in biodiesel. To demonstrate the water‐triggered release mechanism, a green dye is encapsulated within the microparticles. The encapsulated dye remains inside the microparticles for more than 6 weeks when the microparticles are stored in oil phase; however, the dye releases in 4 min when the microparticles contact water. Using this water‐triggered release strategy, biocide is successfully delivered to the water phase in biodiesel. The encapsulated biocide shows higher antimicrobial efficacy than that of free biocide, in both short‐term and long‐term experiments. The possibility of scaling up the production of hydrogel microparticles using bulk emulsification method is also explored. Moreover, the water‐triggered release strategy can be used for releasing other water‐soluble functional materials. This opens opportunities for a wide range of encapsulation and controlled delivery applications.
Comparison of Methods to Verify Upstream Passage by Trout at Remediated Culverts in Four Rocky Mountain Streams
Authors: Peterson Douglas P. , Neville Helen M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The removal or remediation of thousands of culverts at road–stream crossings to restore connectivity is a major conservation investment in aquatic systems in North America. Effectiveness monitoring is necessary to confirm that passage has been restored for the species of interest and to justify project costs. We compared the performance of (1) recapture of batch-marked fish by backpack electrofishing, (2) recapture of PIT-tagged fish by electrofishing, (3) detection of PIT-tagged fish by a mobile antenna, and (4) detection of PIT-tagged fish at stationary antennas for verifying upstream passage of native Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi (WCT) and nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis at remediated culverts in four Rocky Mountain streams. Generally, detection probability at stationary antennas was higher (range = 0.74–0.97) than capture by electrofishing (range = 0.24–0.77) or detection by the mobile antenna (range = 0.47–0.66). All four methods confirmed upstream passage by trout that were originally marked or tagged below the culvert, although overall recapture rates were low (≤20%). During summer and early fall, the continuously sampling stationary antennas detected more than twice as many PIT-tagged trout moving upstream through the culvert than either the mobile antenna or the electrofisher. Upstream movement by PIT-tagged trout was first detected by stationary antennas 1–10 d after tagging. For all methods, upstream passage was most frequently detected for fish that were marked or tagged in the 100-m reach adjacent to the culvert. The relative cost of the four mark–recapture methods to evaluate upstream passage of age-1 and older WCT was compared with the cost of “sib-split,” a genetic method based on pedigree analysis, which was used previously to evaluate passage of age-0 WCT in the study streams. Stationary antennas, the mobile antenna, and sib-split were comparatively expensive for a single-year study because of PIT equipment and laboratory costs, respectively, and electrofishing was less than half the cost.
Analysis of metabolic abnormalities in high‐grade glioma using MRSI and convex NMF
Authors: Pedrosa de Barros Nuno , Meier Raphael , Pletscher Martin , Stettler Samuel , Knecht Urspeter , Reyes Mauricio , Gralla Jan , Wiest Roland , Slotboom Johannes 
Published: May 2019

Clinical use of MRSI is limited by the level of experience required to properly translate MRSI examinations into relevant clinical information. To solve this, several methods have been proposed to automatically recognize a predefined set of reference metabolic patterns. Given the variety of metabolic patterns seen in glioma patients, the decision on the optimal number of patterns that need to be used to describe the data is not trivial. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to (1) separate healthy from abnormal metabolic patterns and (2) retrieve an optimal number of reference patterns describing the most important types of abnormality. Using 41 MRSI examinations (1.5 T, PRESS, TE 135 ms) from 22 glioma patients, four different patterns describing different types of abnormality were detected: edema, healthy without Glx, active tumor and necrosis. The identified patterns were then evaluated on 17 MRSI examinations from nine different glioma patients. The results were compared against BraTumIA, an automatic segmentation method trained to identify different tumor compartments on structural MRI data. Finally, the ability to predict future contrast enhancement using the proposed approach was also evaluated.
On the optimization of the fixed‐stress splitting for Biot's equations
Authors: Storvik Erlend , Both Jakub W. , Kumar Kundan , Nordbotten Jan M. , Radu Florin A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this work, we are interested in efficiently solving the quasi‐static, linear Biot model for poroelasticity. We consider the fixed‐stress splitting scheme, which is a popular method for iteratively solving Biot's equations. It is well known that the convergence properties of the method strongly depend on the applied stabilization/tuning parameter. We show theoretically that, in addition to depending on the mechanical properties of the porous medium and the coupling coefficient, they also depend on the fluid flow and spatial discretization properties. The type of analysis presented in this paper is not restricted to a particular spatial discretization, although it is required to be inf‐sup stable with respect to the displacement‐pressure formulation. Furthermore, we propose a way to optimize this parameter that relies on the mesh independence of the scheme's optimal stabilization parameter. Illustrative numerical examples show that using the optimized stabilization parameter can significantly reduce the number of iterations.
Investigation of spatial and temporal variability of site response in the Arunachal Himalaya using ambient seismic noise and earthquake waveforms
Authors: Singh A.P. , Kumar M. Ravi , Pandey Abhay , Roy Ketan Singha 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe Arunachal region that constitutes the easternmost segment of the Himalaya has experienced two great earthquakes in the past. This portion is geologically and seismo‐tectonically unique compared to the other parts of Himalaya. In this study, the ambient seismic noise and earthquake waveforms registered at 34 broadband seismograph stations with a flat frequency response between 120 and 0.02 seconds are analysed to understand the stability and reliability of the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio method. Also, we use the bootstrapping method to estimate the uncertainty and variations in the horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio in different seasons. Although the predominant frequency does not show any seasonal variation, the amplitudes reveal a slight dependence. The predominant frequencies in the area mainly vary from 1.1 to 7.0 Hz. At a few sites, two peaks well separated in frequency, indicate shallower and deeper structures with impedance contrast. Our results show that the average predominant frequencies are around 3.5 Hz for the undifferentiated granite gneiss, 4.3 Hz for the Bomdila granite gneiss, 2.1 Hz for the Bomdila group of rocks (Paleoproterozoic), 2.8 Hz for the Gandise batholiths, 2.6 Hz for the Gondwana succession and 1.8 Hz for the Abor formation. The amplification estimated by the site‐to‐reference method varies between 1.5 and 6.2, which is lower than that obtained from the HVSR method. Validation of the results from ambient seismic noise was performed by comparing them with those from the earthquake waveforms and correlation with local geology.
Fibrinogen Columbus II: A novel c.1075G>T mutation in the FGG gene causing hypodysfibrinogenemia and thrombosis in an adolescent male
Authors: Kumar Riten , Dawson Jennifer , Varga Elizabeth , Canini Joan T. , Monda Kay L. , Dunn Amy L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHypodysfibrinogenemia, the least frequently reported congenital fibrinogen disorder is characterized by low circulating levels of a dysfunctional protein, and is associated with phenotypic features of both hypo‐ and dysfibrinogenemia. Herein, we report an adolescent male with unprovoked venous thromboembolism and hypodysfibrinogenemia. Patient had recurrent, progressive thrombosis despite therapeutic anticoagulation with both low molecular weight heparin and warfarin. He had clinical and radiological improvement after transition to a direct thrombin inhibitor. Sequencing of the FGG gene identified a novel heterozygous mutation, c.1075G>T. Structural visualization of the identified variant was pursued and suggested that the mutation likely destabilizes the Ca2+‐binding site of fibrinogen resulting in pathogenicity.