bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Administration of Combined Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium Enhanced Glut 2 Expression in the Pancreas and Downregulates Serum Caspase 3 Activity of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Akpaso M. I. , Orie N. N. , Ebong P. E. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The study evaluated the effects of the combined extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Gongronema latifolium (GL) on pancreatic GLUT 2 expression and caspase 3 activity in streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/Kg)-induced diabetic rats.
Study Design: Fifteen Albino rats were used for the study and were placed in 3 groups of 5 rats each: A - normal control, B – Diabetic control and C – experimental group.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, University of Calabar.
Duration: 6 months.
Methodology: Half of the diabetic rats were treated with VA+GL (400mg/kg, ratio 1:1, DE group) for 28 days, while the other half was untreated and served as diabetic control (DC). Normal control (NC) rats were untreated. After 28 days, the rats were sacrificed and their blood glucose, serum GLUT 2 and caspase 3 activity were measured. Histochemical evaluation of the pancreas was also carried out.
Results: Blood glucose concentrations for the 3 groups were 60.31±7.28, 257.00±4.43, and 116.60±10.11 mg/dl for NC, DC and DE respectively. This represented a 4-fold increase in the DC compared with NC and a significant amelioration in the extract-treated DE group compared with DC group. Serum GLUT 2 concentrations were 70 ng/ml in NC, dropped to 8 ng/ml (p<0.05) in the DC and recovered to 20 ng/ml in DE (p<0.05). Serum caspase was 3.2 ng/ml for NC, increased to 8.5 ng/ml in DC (p<0.05) and reduced to 1.8 ng/ml in DE (p<0.05). The histology of the pancreas showed distorted, degenerated and shrunken β-cells mass in DC compared with NC and DE groups. The DE group showed clear signs of regeneration of the islet cells which was corroborated by positive Feulgen’s reaction compared with the DC group.
Conclusion: The data suggests that the combined VA+GL extract has the potential to effectively reverse pancreatic damage in diabetes.
Detection of Drug-resistant S. aureus from Poultry Samples Collected from Different Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhi Mahmuda Akhter , Das Nantu Chandra , Banik Avijit , Abony Maruf , Juthi Muniara , Uddin Muhammad Ekhlas 
Published: October 2019

Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci that can cause foodborne illness which can be transmitted by chicken meat, both raw and undercooked; consumption of which may cause infection and/or toxicity in consumers. This current study was conducted for the detection of the prevalence of S. aureus in three types of poultry samples which included chicken meat, chicken eggs and droppings. Samples were aseptically collected from different rural and urban areas of 8 districts of Bangladesh in triplicate collection method which was conducted in the Centre for Excellence, Department of Microbiology, Primeasia University, Dhaka, Bangladesh to detect the Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) S. aureus. Isolation was done by using 7.5% Sodium Chloride broth for enrichment and Mannitol salt agar after enriching samples in Buffer Peptone water. Antibiogram was done by using Kirby Bauer Method on Muller Hinton agar. The current study revealed 68% (17/25), 84% (21/25) and 52% (13/25) of S. aureus in chicken meat, eggs and dropping, respectively. Around 75.47% isolates (40/53) showed 100% similarity with S. aureus from the generated Dendrogram based on biochemical data. Cefixime (62.67%) showed the highest sensitivity against all of the isolates while Penicillin (86.62%) exhibited the highest resistance. Moreover, 59.62% of isolates were resistant to 5 or more drugs (Multidrug-Resistant). Poultry products such as meat and eggs were contaminated with drug-resistant S. aureus which can cause serious health effect to the consumer. The drug-resistant pathogen in droppings helps to indicate the spread of drug-resistant isolates in the environment. Therefore, proper sanitation measures should be taken to ensure the quality of the products during slaughtering, collecting eggs or disposing of poultry litter.
Investigação sobre Cyberbullying, em Portugal e Europa – alguns programas, projetos e as percepções de estudantes, professores e pais
Authors: Pessoa Teresa , Vaz-Rebelo Piedade , Goc Magdalena , Kontogiann Emmanouil , Netova Galina , Keles Suheyla , Lekkos Nikos 
Published: October 2019

O desenvolvimento das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) representa enormes vantagens para a gestão e conforto da vida do quotidiano, para a vida da escola e, de modo muito particular, para a vida das famílias e dos jovens. As crianças e jovens, que nascem neste ‘admirável mundo novo’, carecem, porém, de suporte que sustente o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania digital. De facto, hoje reconhece-se que a par destas vantagens há riscos importantes associados à utilização da Internet e das TIC – como é o caso do cybebullying!
O cyberbullying um problema emergente nas nossas escolas e sociedade, carece de investigação e compreensão e divulgação junto de pais e professores que não conhecem e não sabem lidar com os novos perigos que hoje espreitam as crianças e os alunos
Neste artigo referem-se diversos estudos em Portugal e na Europa. Mais concretamente apresenta-se, por um lado, o projeto Camouflage and safety in the virtual World, financiado pelo programa Erasmus+ 2015-1-PL01-KA201-016817, desenhado e implementado em conjunto com parceiros da Polónia (coordenação), Bulgária, Chipre e Grécia, Portugal e Turquia. Por outro lado, descreve-se um estudo, levado a cabo no âmbito do referido projeto, que visou conhecer a experiência sobre o cyberbullying de estudantes, professores e pais, nos diferentes países, através de um questionário construído para o efeito. O trabalho é enquadrado por uma leitura crítica e fundamentada na recente investigação, de alguns dados relevantes nesta área de investigação conducentes à compreensão do fenómeno de cyberbullying
Copper‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Functionalization, Oxidation and Cyclization of Methylarenes: Direct Access to 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles
Authors: Yu Wentao , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: September 2019

Summary of main observation conclusionThe direct C—H functionalization of methylarenes is of great significance. Herein, a copper‐catalyzed oxidative C—N/C—S bond formation through benzylic C(sp3)—H functionalization, oxidation and cyclization of methylarenes is reported. Various 2‐arylbenzothiazoles have been synthesized in moderate to excellent yields with readily available o‐iodoaniline, potassium sulfide, and methylarenes as raw materials.
Salivary cortisol levels relate to cognitive performance in children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine
Authors: Konijnenberg Carolien , Melinder Annika 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOpioid maintenance therapy (OMT) is generally recommended for pregnant opioid‐dependent women. However, much is still unknown about the potential long‐term effects of prenatal methadone and buprenorphine exposure. This study explored the long‐term effects of prenatal methadone and buprenorphine exposure in a cohort (n = 41) of children, aged 9–11 years, using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) to measure cognitive development and salivary cortisol samples to measure HPA‐axis activity. Prenatally exposed children scored significantly lower on all four subtests of WASI (vocabulary, similarities, block design, and matrix reasoning), compared to a comparison group (all p < .05). No group differences were found for salivary cortisol levels or cortisol reactivity levels (all p > .05). Cortisol levels significantly predicted matrix reasoning scores for the OMT group, β = −65.58, t(20) = 15.70, p = .02. Findings suggest that prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine does not have long‐term effects on children's HPA‐axis functioning. However, since children of women in OMT scored significantly lower on tasks of cognitive function, careful follow‐up throughout the school years and across adolescence is recommended.
Perinatal high‐fat diet impairs pup retrieval and induces sex‐specific changes in ultrasonic vocalization characteristics of rat pups
Authors: Abuaish Sameera , Tse Emmanuel K. , McGowan Patrick O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRodent pups emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) to solicit maternal behavior, promoting their survival. Conversely, maternal behaviors affect the expression of pup USVs. We previously demonstrated that a maternal diet high in saturated fat (HFD) alters maternal behavior and is associated with early maturation of pups and their stress physiology. Here, we assessed the developmental profiles of pup USVs using quantitative and qualitative measures on postnatal days (PND)7 and 13. Quantitative measures included call counts, duration, and frequency, while qualitative measures examined calls' sonographic structures. HFD offspring lacked the typical decrease in USV numbers with age observed among control offspring. They also had shorter calls at PND7 compared to control and HFD offspring at PND13. HFD female offspring showed a greater number of one‐frequency‐sweep calls, while male pups showed a greater number of two‐frequency‐sweep calls compared to control offspring. Concomitantly, HFD dams showed impaired pup retrieval on PND7. The data suggest that fewer USVs of shorter duration in HFD offspring may alter dam solicitation and thus impair maternal pup retrieval. This study highlights the impacts of perinatal HFD exposure on the dyadic reciprocal interaction between dam and pups, which may set the stage for long‐lasting effects on offspring physiology and behavior.
Pre‐ and postnatal alcohol exposure delays, in female but not in male rats, the extinction of an auditory fear conditioned memory and increases alcohol consumption
Authors: Plaza Wladimir , Gaschino Felice , Gutierrez Camilo , Santibañez Nicolás , Estay‐Olmos Camila , Sotomayor‐Zárate Ramón , De la Fuente‐Ortega Erwin , Pautassi Ricardo M. , Haeger Paola A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRepeated exposure to alcohol increases retrieval of fear‐conditioned memories, which facilitates, among other factors, the emergence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD are more likely to develop alcohol and substance abuse related disorders. We assessed if prenatal and early postnatal alcohol exposure (PAE) increased the susceptibility to retain aversive memories and if this was associated with subsequent heightened alcohol consumption. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were exposed for 22 hr/day, throughout pregnancy and until postnatal Day 7 to a single bottle of sucralose ‐ sweetened 10% alcohol solution (PAE Group), or to a single bottle of tap water and sucralose (Control Group). Auditory fear conditioning (AFC) was performed in the adolescent offspring at postnatal Day 40. Freezing was measured during acquisition, retention and extinction phases, followed by 3 weeks of free choice alcohol intake. Female, but not male, PAE rats exhibited impaired extinction of the aversive memory, a finding associated with higher levels of 3‐4 Dihidroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the nucleus accumbens and heightened alcohol intake, respect to controls. These findings suggest that PAE makes females more vulnerable to long‐term retention of aversive memories, which coexist with heightened alcohol intake. These findings are reminiscent of those of PTSD.
Bilateral trade with risk‐averse intermediary using linear network optimization
Authors: Bayrak Halil İ. , Kargar Kamyar , Pınar Mustafa Ç. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider bilateral trade of an object between a seller and a buyer through an intermediary who aims to maximize his/her expected gains as in the previous study, in a Bayes‐Nash equilibrium framework where the seller and buyer have private, discrete valuations for the object. Using duality of linear network optimization, the intermediary's initial problem is transformed into an equivalent linear programming problem with explicit formulae of expected revenues of the seller and the expected payments of the buyer, from which the optimal mechanism is immediately obtained. Then, an extension of the same problem is considered for a risk‐averse intermediary. Through a computational analysis, we observe that the structure of the optimal mechanism is fundamentally changed by switching from risk‐neutral to risk‐averse environment.
Effects of hydraulic engineering restoration measures on invasive gobies in a large river (Danube, Austria)
Authors: Ramler David , Keckeis Hubert 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Invasive gobies can have severe detrimental effects on local fish communities, however, direct methods for population control are often insufficient (i.e. fishing) or not feasible (i.e. poisoning). Indirect methods, such as habitat modifications in the course of restoration programs, appear promising but are poorly studied. In this study, we investigate the effects of different restoration measures on the abundance and occurrence of non-native gobies in the main stem of a free-flowing section of the Danube and attempt to disentangle these measures from general large-scale trends by applying a Before-After-Control-Impact design. We found three invasive goby species (racer, bighead, and round goby) in the sampling area, partly with very high abundances. Four to six years after the installation, the measures had negative (riprap removal), neutral (side arm reconnection), or positive (groyne field adaptations) effects on goby abundances. We conclude that the impact of the measures depends on the type of intervention, is species-specific, and is largely related to substrate composition. Independent from the effect of the measures, abundances of bighead and round goby dropped in the project and reference sections after the pre-survey. This general decline probably indicates a stabilization phase of the goby populations on a lower level, but may also be influenced by a major flood event. Nevertheless, our results indicate a high potential of shoreline modifications for invasive species control, calling for considering and incorporating them in river restoration programs.
Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Xinke , Ke Ning , Pi Lianhong , Liu Qing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Allergic diseases are associated with a higher risk of Tourette’s syndrome (TS). Provisional tic disorder (PTD) and eye blinking are often reported as the initial symptoms both in TS and in allergic conjunctivitis (AC).

Objective
To investigate the association between AC and PTD in children of 4–10 years of age in southwest China.

Methods
This case–control study was carried out at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2016 and June 2017. Age- and gender-matched children without PTD were included as the control group. Intraocular pressure was measured by non-contact tonometry, tear film break-up time by slit-lamp examination, and allergens by skin prick test (SPT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to adjust for the simultaneous effects of AC, dry eye, and allergic history in children with PTD.

Results
The frequency of AC was higher in the PTD group (74.3%, 52/70) than in the control group (17.1%, 12/70) (P < 0.001). The frequencies of positive SPT were found to be higher in the PTD group (80.0%, 56/70) than in the control group (20.0%, 14/70). AC, dry eye, and history of allergic rhinitis were significantly associated with PTD.

Conclusion
The frequencies of AC are high in children with PTD. AC and dry eye may be both associated with PTD in children.
Association of Foster Care and its Duration with Clinical Symptoms and Impairment: Foster Care versus Non-Foster Care Comparisons with Spanish Children
Authors: Navarro-Soria Ignasi , Servera Mateu , Burns G. Leonard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
The objective was to determine if Spanish foster care children and Spanish non-foster children differ on sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT), ADHD-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), limited prosocial emotions (LPE), anxiety, depression, social and academic impairment measures and if the duration of foster care predicts a reduction in symptom and impairment differences between foster and non-foster care children.

Method
Foster care parents of 49 children (8 to 13 years, 57% girls) and non-foster care mothers and fathers of 1776 children (8 to 13 years, 49% girls) completed the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI).

Results
Foster care children had significantly higher scores on all symptom and impairment measures than non-foster care mother and father groups (d values from 0.37 to 1.53). A longer duration in foster care (range 8 to 86 months) was also associated with significant lower scores on SCT, ADHD-IN, anxiety, depression, and academic impairment. In addition, while foster care children with a shorter duration in foster care (less than medium months) had significantly higher scores than the non-foster care groups on all measures (d values from 0.66 to 2.25), children with a longer duration in foster care did not differ from the non-foster care groups on anxiety, depression, ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, LPE, social and academic impairment.

Conclusions
Although foster care children had elevated psychopathology and impairment scores relative to non-foster care children, a longer stay in foster care was associated with the elimination of the difference on most symptom and impairment measures.
Synthesis of epoxy resins derivatives of naphthalene-2,7-diol and their cross-linked products
Authors: Fila K. , Gargol M. , Goliszek M. , Podkościelna B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was the synthesis of three different epoxy compounds based on naphthalene-2,7-diol (2,7-NAF.EP, 2,7-NAF.WEP, 2,7-NAF.P.EP) and then their cross-linking by triethylenetetramine (TETA). All epoxides were prepared by the reaction of naphthalene-2,7-diol with epichlorohydrin but under different conditions and with other catalysts. The structures of the obtained compounds before and after the cross-linking reactions were confirmed by the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR/FT-IR). The ATR/FT-IR spectra of cross-linked compounds show disappearance of the C–O–C bands (about 915 cm−1) derived from the epoxy groups. DSC and TG/DTG measurements indicated that the obtained materials possess good thermal resistance; they are stable up to about 250 °C. The hardness of the cross-linked products was determined using the Shore D method. The highest value of hardness was obtained for the 2,7-NAF.EP-POL. Additionally, the UV–Vis absorption spectra of the obtained polymers were registered and evaluated.
Resistance mechanisms to osimertinib in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Leonetti Alessandro , Sharma Sugandhi , Minari Roberta , Perego Paola , Giovannetti Elisa , Tiseo Marcello 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOsimertinib is an irreversible, third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is highly selective forEGFR-activating mutations as well as theEGFRT790M mutation in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) withEGFRoncogene addiction. Despite the documented efficacy of osimertinib in first- and second-line settings, patients inevitably develop resistance, with no further clear-cut therapeutic options to date other than chemotherapy and locally ablative therapy for selected individuals. On account of the high degree of tumour heterogeneity and adaptive cellular signalling pathways in NSCLC, the acquired osimertinib resistance is highly heterogeneous, encompassing EGFR-dependent as well as EGFR-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, data from repeat plasma genotyping analyses have highlighted differences in the frequency and preponderance of resistance mechanisms when osimertinib is administered in a front-line versus second-line setting, underlying the discrepancies in selection pressure and clonal evolution. This review summarises the molecular mechanisms of resistance to osimertinib in patients with advancedEGFR-mutated NSCLC, includingMET/HER2amplification, activation of the RAS–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or RAS–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways, novel fusion events and histological/phenotypic transformation, as well as discussing the current evidence regarding potential new approaches to counteract osimertinib resistance.
Intestinal autophagy links psychosocial stress with gut microbiota to promote inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Wang Shu-Ling , Shao Bo-Zong , Zhao Sheng-Bing , Chang Xin , Wang Pei , Miao Chao-Yu , Li Zhao-Shen , Bai Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPsychosocial stress is a critical inducing factor of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), while autophagy is a novel central issue of IBD development. The present study investigated the potential role of autophagy in stress-related IBD in patients and animal model. The correlation between psychosocial stress and intestinal autophagy was determined in 23 patients with IBD. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a well-established inducer of psychosocial stress, was administrated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In IBD patients, the autophagy markers beclin-1, LC3-II/I ratio, Atg16L1, and Atg4B were significantly enhanced. The psychosocial stress score was positively associated with the levels of beclin-1 and the LC3II/I ratio in intestinal biopsy specimens. In IBD mouse model, CRH significantly aggravated intestinal inflammation, increased Paneth cell metaplasia, and enhanced intestinal autophagy (beclin-1, Atg16L1, PIK3R4, and Atg4B upregulation; GAA, CTSD, and PPKAA1 downregulation). Additionally, the CRH-induced gut microbial dysbiosis was evidenced by a marked increase in the number of detrimental bacteria. In LPS-stimulated BMDM, CRH substantially increased M1/M2 polarization and thus promoted inflammation. In both IBD mice and LPS-treated BMDM, blockade of autophagy by chloroquine abrogated the unbeneficial effects of CRH, whereas autophagy inducer rapamycin resulted in a pronounced protective effect against IBD lesion. Our data demonstrate that psychosocial stress may link the enhanced intestinal autophagy by modulating gut microbiota and inflammation to aggravate IBD. These data indicate autophagy as a promising therapeutic target for psychosocial stress-related IBD.
From Patients to Platelets and Back Again: Pharmacological Approaches to Glycoprotein VI, a Thrilling Antithrombotic Target with Minor Bleeding Risks
Authors: Martins Lima Augusto , Martins Cavaco Ana C. , Fraga-Silva Rodrigo A. , Eble Johannes A. , Stergiopulos Nikolaos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite significant advances in the treatment of thrombogenic diseases, antiplatelet therapies are still associated with a high bleeding risk. Consequently, potential benefits of preventing thromboembolic events by pharmacological agents need to be balanced with the potential harm of inducing hemorrhage. Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is a platelet-specific receptor, which plays a crucial role in thrombus formation. GPVI deficiency has been identified in patients who suffer from significant reduction of collagen-induced thrombus formation, with a slight tendency for mild bleeding. However, an isolated GPVI deficiency can reduce thrombus formation while not resulting in severe bleeding. Together, these observations strongly suggest that physiological hemostasis does not require GPVI, but pharmacological GPVI modulation may provide novel “bleeding-free” antithrombotic therapies. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the biological role of GPVI in platelet-related disorders and highlight the efforts to develop potential therapeutic strategies based on its structure, signaling pathways, and biological effects.