bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenges of Dealing with Human Remains in Cultural Resource Management
Authors: Powless Patricia , Freiwald Carolyn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the past few years, the lead author has had the opportunity to excavate multiple large sites in California, working on behalf of developers to keep their projects in compliance with their permits. She also worked in conjunction with local tribes to resolve burial issues with each excavation. During these excavations, she observed the challenges that the tribes encountered when dealing with fast-paced cultural resource management (CRM) projects where burial retrieval and a shortage of resources were the norm. For many years, archaeologists have viewed CRM as only dealing with the material culture of the past; however, archaeologists also consult and work with living cultures. This article will address the endemic problem in CRM that stems from a lack of planning, preparation, resources, and training and how it affects the burial excavations that archaeologists and tribes encounter in the CRM setting. It will also look for solutions to remedy a long-broken system that continues to ignore existing laws set in place to protect resources, as well as the relationships between the Native American community, agencies, researchers, and land developers.
Curating Large Skeletal Collections: An Example from the Ancient Maya Site of Copán, Honduras
Authors: Miller Wolf Katherine A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArchaeologists strive to understand ancient lifeways, and bioarchaeological data provide honest and immutable evidence of the realities of ancient society in the bodies of the dead. Given the importance of human remains in the archaeological record, a major component of the author's work has been devoted to the ethical responsibilities of bioarchaeologists in the treatment of the collections studied. However, the curation of skeletal remains is often challenging because the conservation and storage of these delicate materials may be afterthoughts in archaeological plans, being inadequately or incorrectly stored and sometimes treated to the same conservation conditions as more robust artifacts and samples. This article offers guidelines and recommendations for skeletal curation based on observations of curation challenges in a large collection in the subtropical Maya region. The collection was not well managed and human remains were not prioritized in the conservation program. The challenges and mitigations are presented here.
A methodological comparison of risk scores versus decision trees for predicting drug-resistant infections: A case study using extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) bacteremia
Authors: Goodman Katherine E. , Lessler Justin , Harris Anthony D. , Milstone Aaron M. , Tamma Pranita D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground:Timely identification of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections remains an epidemiological challenge. Statistical models for predicting drug resistance can offer utility where rapid diagnostics are unavailable or resource-impractical. Logistic regression–derived risk scores are common in the healthcare epidemiology literature. Machine learning–derived decision trees are an alternative approach for developing decision support tools. Our group previously reported on a decision tree for predicting ESBL bloodstream infections. Our objective in the current study was to develop a risk score from the same ESBL dataset to compare these 2 methods and to offer general guiding principles for using each approach.Methods:Using a dataset of 1,288 patients withEscherichia coliorKlebsiellaspp bacteremia, we generated a risk score to predict the likelihood that a bacteremic patient was infected with an ESBL-producer. We evaluated discrimination (original and cross-validated models) using receiver operating characteristic curves and C statistics. We compared risk score and decision tree performance, and we reviewed their practical and methodological attributes.Results:In total, 194 patients (15%) were infected with ESBL-producing bacteremia. The clinical risk score included 14 variables, compared to the 5 decision-tree variables. The positive and negative predictive values of the risk score and decision tree were similar (>90%), but the C statistic of the risk score (0.87) was 10% higher.Conclusions:A decision tree and risk score performed similarly for predicting ESBL infection. The decision tree was more user-friendly, with fewer variables for the end user, whereas the risk score offered higher discrimination and greater flexibility for adjusting sensitivity and specificity.
Reducing urinary catheter use using an electronic reminder system in hospitalized patients: A randomized stepped-wedge trial
Authors: Mitchell Brett G. , Northcote Maria , Cheng Allen C. , Fasugba Oyebola , Russo Philip L. , Rosebrock Hannah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjective:To determine the effectiveness and ease of use of an electronic reminder device in reducing urinary catheterization duration.Design:A randomized controlled trial with a cross-sectional anonymous online survey and focus group.Setting:Ten wards in an Australian hospital.Participants:All hospitalized patients with a urinary catheter.Intervention:An electronic reminder system, the CATH TAG, applied to urinary catheter bags to prompt removal of urinary catheters.Outcomes:Catheterization duration and perceptions of nurses about the ease of use.Methods:A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the rate of removal of catheters. A phenomenological approach underpinned data collection and analysis methods associated with the focus group.Results:In total, 1,167 patients with a urinary catheter were included. The mean durations in control and intervention phases were 5.51 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9–6.2) and 5.08 days (95% CI, 4.6–5.6), respectively. For patients who had a CATH TAG applied, the hazard ratio (HR) was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.91–1.14; P = .75). A subgroup analysis excluded patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), and the use of the CATH TAG was associated with a 23% decrease in the mean, from 5.00 days (95% CI, 4.44–5.56) to 3.84 days (95% CI, 3.47–4.21). Overall, 82 nurses completed a survey and 5 nurses participated in a focus group. Responses regarding the device were largely positive, and benefits for patient care were identified.Conclusion:The CATH TAG did not reduce the duration of catheterization, but potential benefits in patients outside the ICU were identified. Electronic reminders may be useful to aid prompt removal of urinary catheters in the non-ICU hospital setting.
CHARACTERIZING DOWNWARDS CLOSED, STRONGLY FIRST-ORDER, RELATIVIZABLE DEPENDENCIES
Authors: GALLIANI PIETRO 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Team Semantics, a dependency notion is strongly first order if every sentence of the logic obtained by adding the corresponding atoms to First-Order Logic is equivalent to some first-order sentence. In this work it is shown that all nontrivial dependency atoms that are strongly first order, downwards closed, and relativizable (in the sense that the relativizations of the corresponding atoms with respect to some unary predicate are expressible in terms of them) are definable in terms of constancy atoms.Additionally, it is shown that any strongly first-order dependency is safe for any family of downwards closed dependencies, in the sense that every sentence of the logic obtained by adding to First-Order Logic both the strongly first-order dependency and the downwards closed dependencies is equivalent to some sentence of the logic obtained by adding only the downwards closed dependencies.
Patterns ofClinostomum marginatuminfection in fishes and amphibians: integration of field, genetic, and experimental approaches
Authors: Calhoun D.M. , Leslie K. L. , Riepe T.B. , Achatz T.J. , McDevitt-Galles T. , Tkach V.V. , Johnson P.T.J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDigenetic trematodes of the genusClinostomumare cosmopolitan parasites infecting fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and snails as intermediate hosts. Despite the broad geographical distribution of this genus, debate about the number of species and how they vary in host use has persisted. To better understand patterns of infection among host species and across life stages, we used large-scale field surveys and molecular tools to examine five species of amphibians and seven species of fishes from 125 California ponds. Among the 12,360 examined hosts, infection was rare, with an overall prevalence of 1.7% in amphibians and 9.2% in fishes. Molecular evidence indicated that both groups were infected withClinostomum marginatum. Using generalized linear mixed effects models, host species identity and host life stage had a strong influence on infection status, such thatLepomis cyanellus(green sunfish) (49.3%) andTaricha granulosa(rough skinned newt) (9.2%) supported the highest overall prevalence values, whereas adult amphibians tended to have a higher prevalence of infection relative to juveniles (13.3% and 2.5%, respectively). Experimentally, we tested the susceptibility of two amphibian hosts (Pseudacris regilla[Pacific chorus frog] andAnaxyrus boreas[western toad]) to varying levels of cercariae exposure and measured metacercariae growth over time.Pseudacris regillawas 1.3× more susceptible to infection, while infection success increased with cercariae exposure dose for both species. On average, metacarcariae size increased by 650% over 20 days. Our study highlights the importance of integrating field surveys, genetic tools, and experimental approaches to better understand the ecology of host–parasite interactions.
Understanding the association between advanced paternal age and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Weiser Mark , Fenchel Daphna , Frenkel Or , Fruchter Eyal , Burshtein Shimon , Yehuda Ariel Ben , Yoffe Rinat , Bergman-Levi Tal , Reichenberg Abraham , Davidson Michael , Sandin Sven 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported an association between advanced paternal age at birth and increased risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. While some hypothesize that this association is caused byde-novomutations in paternal spermatozoa, others cite factors associated with psycho-social characteristics of fathers who have children at a late age. This study aims to test these hypotheses.MethodsA historical-prospective, population-based cohort study, performed by linking the Israeli Draft Board Registry and the Israeli National Psychiatric Hospitalization Registry (N= 916 439; 4488 with schizophrenia, 883 with bipolar disorder). Odds ratios (OR) and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by logistic regression models, using paternal age as predictor and risk for later hospitalizations for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as outcome measure. Models were first fitted unadjusted, then adjusted for paternal age at birth of the first child.ResultsIn the unadjusted model, offspring of fathers aged 45 and above at birth had increased risk of schizophrenia (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.49–1.99) and bipolar disorder (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.16–2.24). However, taking into account paternal age at birth of first child, advanced paternal age was no longer associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.48–0.79) or bipolar disorder (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.90).ConclusionsControlling for paternal age at birth of the first offspring, advanced paternal age does not predict increased risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. These data indicate that the association between advanced paternal age and having an offspring with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is likely due to psychos-social factors, or common genetic variation associated with delayed initial fatherhood.
Larger leeches attack from higher ground – size-dependent preferences for ambush sites in the Bornean terrestrial leech Haemadipsa picta
Authors: Miler Krzysztof , Gurgul Aleksandra , Peryga Maja , Czarnoleski Marcin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe rain forests of South-East Asia represent a biodiversity hotspot of terrestrial leeches, but we have only fragmentary and often anecdotal information on this component of tropical communities. To address the foraging tactics of terrestrial leeches, we studied the vertical distribution ofHaemadipsa pictaon foliage in a Bornean tropical rain forest. We investigated the links between leech body length and the above-ground height of their ambush positions under natural conditions and in a choice experiment performed under semi-natural conditions. We studied 167 leeches, which varied considerably with respect to body length (4–29 mm). On average, the leeches ambushed at lower heights under natural conditions than under experimental conditions (47.7 cm vs. 67.5 cm), though the heights of ambush positions overlapped considerably. Leeches that chose higher ambush positions under natural conditions consistently chose higher ambush positions in the experiment (Pearson r = 0.29). Under both natural and experimental conditions, leech body length was positively correlated with the height of ambush positions (Pearson r = 0.48); on average, a 1-mm increase in body length corresponded to a 2–3 cm higher ambush position. Our findings suggest thatH. pictaindividuals actively choose hunting locations according to their above-ground height, shifting their ambush sites over ontogeny to higher foliage. We hypothesize that growing leeches might target different prey following ontogenetic shifts in the foraging optima, ultimately decreasing intraspecific competition.
Uh and euh signal novelty for monolinguals and bilinguals: evidence from children and adults
Authors: MORIN-LESSARD Elizabeth , BYERS-HEINLEIN Krista 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrevious research suggests that English monolingual children and adults can use speech disfluencies (e.g., uh) to predict that a speaker will name a novel object. To understand the origins of this ability, we tested 48 32-month-old children (monolingual English, monolingual French, bilingual English–French; Study 1) and 16 adults (bilingual English–French; Study 2). Our design leveraged the distinct realizations of English (uh) versus French (euh) disfluencies. In a preferential-looking paradigm, participants saw familiar–novel object pairs (e.g., doll–rel), labeled in either Fluent (“Look at the doll/rel!”), Disfluent Language-consistent (“Look at thee uh doll/rel!”), or Disfluent Language-inconsistent (“Look at thee euh doll/rel!”) sentences. All participants looked more at the novel object when hearing disfluencies, irrespective of their phonetic realization. These results suggest that listeners from different language backgrounds harness disfluencies to comprehend day-to-day speech, possibly by attending to their lengthening as a signal of speaker uncertainty. Stimuli and data are available at <https://osf.io/qn6px/>.
Treading with Caution: China's Multidimensional Interventions in the Gulf Region
Authors: Mansour Imad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article demonstrates the growing adaptability of Chinese foreign policy to Gulf states’ expectations around issues that implicate them directly or are relevant (such as relations with the US, and the wars in Yemen and Syria). Gulf states reacted positively because China's approach incrementally integrated local demands in its strategizing, especially by finding common ground with Gulf states despite their own differences; China has done so while not being tied to a “hegemonic idea” (i.e. it is not trying to control or define Gulf politics). China's incrementalist and non-hegemonic regional approach significantly increased Gulf states’ acceptance of its interventions, adapted to Gulf states’ expectations, and, crucially, has been altering what these states expect of major powers in general. The article concludes by proposing that unfolding Gulf politics in light of the June 2017 GCC crisis is very likely to present China with multiple opportunities to demonstrate the adroitness of its strategic choices vis-à-vis the region.
Slow Stream Rehabilitation for Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Maximos Melody , Seng-iad Sirirat , Tang Ada , Stratford Paul , Bello-Haas Vanina Dal 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉAu Canada, les personnes âgées présentant des problèmes de santé complexes sont souvent considérées comme inadmissibles aux programmes de réadaptation traditionnels, mais peuvent toutefois bénéficier de soins en réadaptation lente (SRL). Cet examen de la portée apporte une vue d’ensemble sur les publications traitant des SRL offerts aux personnes âgées dans les systèmes de soins de santé à payeur unique. Méthodes : Les articles publiés sur les personnes âgées en SRL par des revues avec comités de pairs et dans la littérature grise ont été analysés de manière systématique. Résultats : Un total de 1 445 documents ont été examinés de manière indépendante par deux évaluateurs [valeur Kappa de Cohen de 0,78 (IC = 0,73, 0,83)], et 18 documents ont été retenus. Les programmes de RSS pouvaient être caractérisés comme multidisciplinaires et leur durée moyenne variait de 30 à 141,2 jours. Les participants ayant reçu des SRL étaient majoritairement de sexe féminin, et leurs moyennes d’âge variaient entre 72 et 82 ans. Ils présentaient de multiples comorbidités et des troubles cognitifs légers ou modérés. Leurs mesures physiques et fonctionnelles se sont améliorées après les SRL. Discussion : Les programmes de SRL présentent un potentiel intéressant et leur intégration au continuum de soins devrait être considérée pour les personnes âgées ayant des antécédents médicaux complexes.
The Short Performance Physical Battery Is Associated with One-Year Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalization
Authors: Negm Ahmed M. , Kennedy Courtney C. , Pritchard Janet M. , Ioannidis George , Vastis Vasilia , Marr Sharon , Patterson Christopher , Misiaszek Brian , Woo Tricia K. W. , Thabane Lehana , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉLes outils cliniques employés dans les établissements de soins peuvent fournir des informations pronostiques importantes aux professionnels de la santé. Dans cette étude observationnelle prospective d’un an, nous avons examiné l’association entre les scores au Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB), d’une part, et les consultations à l’urgence et les hospitalisations au cours de l’étude, d’autre part. Au total, 191 patients ayant été nouvellement référés à une clinique gériatrique externe de Hamilton (Ontario) ont été contactés, et parmi eux, 120 pris part à l’étude. Le SPPB et d’autres évaluations ont été réalisés dans le cadre de consultations de routine. Les dossiers médicaux électroniques ont été examinés pour déterminer le nombre de consultations à l’urgence et d’hospitalisations dans l’année qui a suivi l’évaluation de base. Des analyses de régression logistique ont été utilisées pour identifier des prédicteurs des consultations à l’urgence et des hospitalisations. Le score moyen au SPPB dans la cohorte étudiée (moyenne d’âge = 80,6 ans, écart-type = 6,3 ans ; 53 % de femmes) était de 6,3 (écart-type = 3,2). Au cours de cette période d’un an, le score au SPPB était associé au nombre de consultations à l’urgence [RR = 0,90 (0,78-1,03)] et d’hospitalisations [RR = 0,84 (0,72-0,97)], après ajustement pour l’âge, le sexe et les comorbidités.
Association of meteorological factors with seasonal activity of influenza A subtypes and B lineages in subtropical western China
Authors: Pan M. , Yang H. P. , Jian J. , Kuang Y. , Xu J. N. , Li T. S. , Zhou X. , Wu W. L. , Zhao Z. , Wang C. , Li W. Y. , Li M. Y. , He S. S. , Zhou L.L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe seasonality of individual influenza subtypes/lineages and the association of influenza epidemics with meteorological factors in the tropics/subtropics have not been well understood. The impact of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic on the prevalence of seasonal influenza virus remains to be explored. Using wavelet analysis, the periodicities of A/H3N2, seasonal A/H1N1, A/H1N1pdm09, Victoria and Yamagata were identified, respectively, in Panzhihua during 2006–2015. As a subtropical city in southwestern China, Panzhihua is the first industrial city in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The relationship between influenza epidemics and local climatic variables was examined based on regression models. The temporal distribution of influenza subtypes/lineages during the pre-pandemic (2006–2009), pandemic (2009) and post-pandemic (2010–2015) years was described and compared. A total of 6892 respiratory specimens were collected and 737 influenza viruses were isolated. A/H3N2 showed an annual cycle with a peak in summer–autumn, while A/H1N1pdm09, Victoria and Yamagata exhibited an annual cycle with a peak in winter–spring. Regression analyses demonstrated that relative humidity was positively associated with A/H3N2 activity while negatively associated with Victoria activity. Higher prevalence of A/H1N1pdm09 and Yamagata was driven by lower absolute humidity. The role of weather conditions in regulating influenza epidemics could be complicated since the diverse viral transmission modes and mechanism. Differences in seasonality and different associations with meteorological factors by influenza subtypes/lineages should be considered in epidemiological studies in the tropics/subtropics. The development of subtype- and lineage-specific prevention and control measures is of significant importance.
The Court of Justice and the Ban on Bulk Data Retention: Expansive Potential and Future Scenarios
Authors: Celeste Edoardo 
Published: March 2019

Data retention saga – Interpretative strategy of the Court of Justice – Expansive potential of the principles set by the Court of Justice – ‘Reverse’ effet utile and conflict of competence – EU acts under threat – Domino effect on national security measures – Future scenarios – Twilight of the model of bulk data retention – Modulation of the ban on bulk data retention according to the vulnerability of data processing or depending on the prior unknowability of the threats – Divergence from the European Court of Human Rights – Legitimisation of bulk data retention‘Equo ne credite, Teucri!Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes’— Virgil, Aeneid, II, 48-49