bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air bronchogram in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung is associated with favorable prognosis
Authors: Onoda Hideko , Kimura Tokuhiro , Tao Hiroyuki , Okabe Kazunori , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Ikeda Eiji 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPleomorphic carcinoma (PC) of the lung is a rare histological type of lung carcinoma. The association between computed tomography (CT) findings and histology with outcome remains unclear. We examined the relationships between CT features and histopathologic findings, and evaluated the impact of CT features and other clinicopathologic factors on survival.MethodsThirty‐five consecutive patients with PC of the lung who underwent surgery between October 2010 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. The 35 tumors were classified with or without air bronchogram in the tumors, and with or without intratumoral ground glass opacity (GGO) on CT.ResultsAir bronchogram and GGO were detected in 12 (34.3%) and 5 (14.3%) tumors, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that air bronchogram was significantly associated with the presence of adenocarcinoma components with lepidic growth patterns (P = 0.005), and predominance of adenocarcinomas (P = 0.026). GGO was significantly associated with the presence of adenocarcinoma component with lepidic growth pattern (P = 0.010). Air bronchogram was an independent favorable prognostic factor for overall survival, whereas GGO did not have a significant effect on survival.ConclusionAir bronchogram observed in PCs of the lung is strongly related with histological components of the tumor and favorable outcome.
Hydro One IPO
Authors: Partovi Adel , Magnan Michel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe case describes the initial public offering of Hydro One, one of the largest ever in Canada. The focus is on the financial statement analysis and business valuation of Hydro One from the perspective of a potential institutional investor. The case discusses several alternative valuation methodologies, with particular emphasis on the peculiarities of performing a prospective analysis for a rate‐regulated entity.
Financial literacy and risky asset holdings: evidence from China
Authors: Liao Li , Xiao Jing Jian , Zhang Weiqiang , Zhou Congyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough financial literacy is important for participating in financial markets, the level of financial literacy of Chinese consumers is low compared with those in developed countries. Using data from the 2014 China Survey of Consumer Finances, we examine the relation between financial literacy and the risky asset holding behaviour of Chinese households, in the context of an emerging financial market with a distinct institutional background. The findings reveal that consumers with higher levels of financial literacy are more likely to hold risky financial assets than those with lower levels. The potential impacts are derived mainly from advanced financial literacy.
Political connections of the board of directors and credit financing: evidence from Chinese private enterprises
Authors: Peng Hongfeng , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Xiaoquan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores whether the political connections of the board of directors facilitate credit financing. It addresses the gap concerning the discussion of the substitution or complementary effect on financing terms between political connections and government regulation in China. Using a data set covering 1340 private listed firms, we classify all members on the board of directors into subgroups and show that it is the political connections of nonexecutive directors, rather than executive directors that play an important role in obtaining long‐term credit loans. Moreover, the convenience of obtaining financing is mainly derived from the political connections of official independent directors.
Pairs trading in Chinese commodity futures markets: an adaptive cointegration approach
Authors: Chen Danni , Cui Jing , Gao Yan , Wu Leilei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study comprehensively examines pairs trading in Chinese commodity futures markets, which, although less researched, represents an important scenario for analysing commodity price behaviour. Based on a sample of daily future returns from 2006 to 2016, we propose a cointegration model that employs an adaptive learning process, and we show that our model yields an average annualised return of 26.94 percent before trading costs, using a closed‐loop strategy. Our results are robust to various tests, including parameter uncertainty, holding period constraints, trading period selection and trading costs.
City‐level political uncertainty and city‐level IPO activities
Authors: Luo Danglun , Tong Naqiong , She Guoman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBased on the unique city‐level politician turnover data between 1999 and 2012 in China, we document that the number of IPOs at the city level decreases during the city‐level politician turnover period. Such negative shock is more pronounced for non‐state‐owned enterprises (NSOEs) than for SOEs and more pronounced for local SOEs than for central SOEs. Higher political uncertainties amplify the negative shock when the successor politician is nonlocal, when turnover occurs during periods of higher local fiscal deficits or during party member election periods, and when government interventions are higher or confidence‐in‐court is lower. Consequently, IPO firms listed during a political turnover period underperform their counterparts.
Extractions to reconstruction: The Development of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery in Australian and New Zealand
Authors: Goss AN , Linn R 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOral and Maxillofacial Surgery developed initially from Dentistry as exodontia. It then expanded into the surgical management of jaw disorders. As the specialty evolved, it came into increasing conflict with related surgical disciplines. In the 1960s and 1970s these external criticisms were well‐founded as training in oral surgery was individual, solely University‐based and highly variable. In the 1980s the speciality developed a plan which involved hospital‐based surgical training, a mandatory high level college surgical examination and detailed workforce and training studies. These were progressively implemented over the next twenty years with a dual degree (medicine and dentistry) and a final fellowship (FRACDS (OMS)). This resulted in accreditation by the Australian Medical Council and the Australian Dental Council and recognition as a Principal Surgical Speciality by the Commonwealth Department of Health. This development was monitored by published workforce studies over three decades that are important yardsticks to inform the credentialing of dental specialists.
Current and evolving trends in the management of facial fractures
Authors: Vujcich N , Gebauer D 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe oral and maxillofacial region has a complex regional anatomy including hard and soft tissues. Trauma in this region may affect the airway, cause potentially life threatening bleeding and head injuries. The senses of olfaction, sight and hearing can also be disrupted as well as a profound psychological impact following disfigurement. This oral and maxillofacial trauma update provides information on demographics, incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, fracture patterns and management of facial trauma. It also discusses the role of new advancements in the management of facial trauma.
Oral Cancer
Authors: Wong TSC , Wiesenfeld D 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe management of oral cancer is a multidisciplinary endeavour, as each patient presents the treating clinicians with a unique set of challenges the management of which impacts on both survival and quality of life. This article focuses on the management of oral cancer. We highlight the epidemiology and risk factors for oral cancer in Australia, the various clinical presentations that occur and the staging of oral cancer. In the vast majority of cases surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Radiation and medical oncology is usually used in an adjuvant context. Dental professionals play a critical role in many stages of management from the initial detection, to optimising pre treatment dental health and managing the short and long term sequelae of treatment. Monitouring for recurrence and the development of second primary tumours is a key role.
The teaching of oral & maxillofacial surgery to dental students in Australia & New Zealand
Authors: Goss AN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe teaching of OMS to dental students in Australia & New Zealand was surveyed. Generally the established schools had well developed curricula with good didactic and clinical experience conducted by specialist OMS educators. There was a much greater array of teaching in some of the newer schools with some appearing to barely meet the current minimalist professional competencies of the ADC. The critical element was whether or not the school was associated with a speciality OMS Unit at a Teaching Hospital. Proposals addressing these deficiencies are presented.
Genomic breeding values,SNPeffects and gene identification for disease traits in cow training sets
Authors: Naderi S. , Bohlouli M. , Yin T. , König S. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHolstein Friesian cow training sets were created according to disease incidences. The different datasets were used to investigate the impact of random forest (RF) and genomicBLUP(GBLUP) methodology on genomic prediction accuracies. In addition, for further verifications of some specific scenarios, single‐step genomicBLUPwas applied. Disease traits included the overall trait categories of (i) claw disorders, (ii) clinical mastitis and (iii) infertility from 80 741 first lactation Holstein cows kept in 58 large‐scale herds. A subset of 6744 cows was genotyped (50KSNPpanel). Response variables for all scenarios were de‐regressed proofs (DRPs) and pre‐corrected phenotypes (PCPs). Initially, all sick cows were allocated to the testing set, and healthy cows represented the training set. For the ongoing cow allocation schemes, the number of sick cows in the training set increased stepwise by moving 10% of the sick cows from the testing to the training set in each step. The size of training and testing sets was kept constant by replacing the same number of cows in the testing set with (randomly selected) healthy cows from the training set. For both theRFandGBLUPmethods, prediction accuracies were larger forDRPs compared toPCPs. ForPCPs as a response variable, the largest prediction accuracies were observed when the disease incidences in training sets reflected the disease incidence in the whole population. A further increase in prediction accuracies for some selected cow allocation schemes (i.e. larger prediction accuracies compared to corresponding scenarios withRForGBLUB) was achieved via single‐stepGBLUPapplications. Correlations between genome‐wide association studySNPeffects andRFimportance criteria for singleSNPs were in a moderate range, from 0.42 to 0.57, when consideringSNPs from all chromosomes or from specific chromosome segments.RFidentified significantSNPs close to potential positional candidate genes:GAS1,GPAT3andCYP2R1for clinical mastitis;SPINK5andSLC26A2for laminitis; andFGF12for endometritis.
The Coal Mine Mafia of India: A Mirror of Corporate Power
Authors: Goyal Yugank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn investigation of the source of power of mafia‐type organizations may reveal how other non‐state actors can operate as if they are independent of the state. This study of the coal mafia in Dhanbad, India shows that power often derives from socially hierarchical relationships involving debt and/or caste. It also demonstrates how state policies that are thoughtlessly implemented may solidify existing hierarchies. By analogy, modern corporations gain some of their power by behaving as if they were semi‐sovereign institutions that draw their strength informally from social networks and other extralegal relationships.The mafia in the Dhanbad coalfields emerged through a series of institutional changes. Labor shortages were initially resolved by labor intermediaries, who eventually controlled the labor through linkages associated with debt, caste, and social obligations. These intermediaries eventually assumed official positions in labor unions, which gave them a platform for electoral politics. When the coal industry was nationalized, the union leaders further solidified their position in the nationalized corporation. In this way, private labor intermediaries became local political leaders who controlled the state apparatus to some extent.Corporations follow similar patterns. Both mafias and corporations exploit weak governments, collude with them, and often operate with a high degree of independence. Like mafias, corporations often derive their power from socially embedded networks that they craft in local communities and populations. Because the roots of their influence are embedded in social networks, simple legal and regulatory changes are often insufficient to limit their power. Transnational corporations engaged in extraction of natural resources share with mafias the ability to leverage monopoly power in one domain into control of other domains. As a result, this case study of the coal mafia in India offers a unique entry point to understand corporate sovereignty.
Transnational Corporations and Urban Development
Authors: Obeng‐Odoom Franklin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTransnational corporations (TNCs) in Africa play significant roles in controlling utilities, privately appropriating common resources, and planning urban space. On the one hand, the extralegal powers of TNCs are legitimized with patronizing discourses about the incompetence of African nations in managing their own affairs and with the specter of a “resource curse” that supposedly immobilizes the self‐governing capacities of Africans. On the other hand, TNCs arrogate to themselves statutory municipal power, ignore or manipulate various channels of accountability, and privately appropriate sociallycreated rents. Some critics of TNCs propose a withdrawal from globalization or greater regulation to limit the power of TNCs. But protectionist or isolationist approaches are entirely mistaken and further undermine the social management of the commons in Africa. Instead, Africans should seek directly to break the chains of monopoly and oligopoly, especially over natural resources. They should also strive to use land for the common good and to systematically build social states in Africa to overcome subservience to TNCs. While previous attempts at autonomous development in Africa have sometimes led to military action by former colonizers and current neo‐colonial imperialists, recent evidence from Africa suggests that such a strategy might succeed now. This article proposes to extend the politics of urban reform in the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in the United States to contemporary Africa. In doing so, it shows how African cities today are working to create local capacity by municipalizing services that have been privatized, such as distribution of water. Despite many obstacles posed by TNCs and their home governments, Africans are making great strides to overcome the enduring legacies of colonialism.
Letter: the role of direct‐acting anti‐virals in determining the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis C virus‐induced cirrhosis
Authors: Kao W.‐Y. , Su C.‐W. 
Published: April 2018

Linked contentThis article is linked to Mettke et al and Mettke and Wedemeyer papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14427 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14582.
Clinical Study of Patients with Renal Carcinoma Surviving for more than 10 Years after Nephrectomy
Authors: ONISHI T. , MACHIDA T. , MASUDA F. , IIZUKA N. , SHIRAKAWA H. , HATANO T. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryOf 207 patients with renal carcinoma we studied 50 who survived for more than 10 years after nephrectomy. These 50 patients were younger than the others at the time of operation and included more females. They had lower stage and lower grade tumours. Recurrence was detected in 18/50 patients and 6 died from cancer. Recurrence developed approximately 10 years after nephrectomy. Eleven patients with recurrences had metastases to a single organ and 9 received multidisciplinary treatment, mainly surgery and radiotherapy.The survival rate 10 years after nephrectomy was lower in patients with recurrences than in those without recurrent tumours and there was a significant decrease in the survival rate 17 years after nephrectomy. Although the patients had low grade and low stage tumours 10 years after nephrectomy, careful follow‐up is recommended in such cases as it is possible that they may have dormant tumours.
Epidural Anaesthesia in the Management of the Painful Bladder
Authors: HAMPSON S. J. , BOWEN-WRIGHT R. M. , WORTH P. H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBladder pain is a difficult symptom to manage. Epidural anaesthesia, which was used in 10 patients with sensory disorders, carries a low morbidity and helps to define those patients with severe bladder pain who might benefit from denervation procedures.
Rome Pouch: Pre‐peritoneal Continent Ileal Reservoir with Hydraulic Valve
Authors: RONZONI G. , DE VECCHIS M. , RASCHI R. , CUNEO L. , CAGOSSI M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryWe present our experience with a modified technique for constructing a continent ileal reservoir, using the terminal ileum in a pre‐peritoneal position. The ureters were implanted using the Le Duc‐Camey technique; the Benchekroun valve was used as a continence mechanism. This technique was used in 18 patients and its advantages and complications are discussed.
Irrigation or No Irrigation after Transurethral Prostatectomy?
Authors: BRITTON J. P. , FLETCHER M. S. , HARRISON N. W. , ROYLE M. G. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryUrologists remain divided as to the need for routine irrigation following transurethral prostatectomy (TURP). This randomised prospective study compared a policy of irrigation with that of no irrigation in a consecutive group of 200 patients undergoing TURP. In the irrigation group, a mean of 15 litres of irrigating fluid was used in each patient and one‐third of patients required at least one bladder washout. In the no irrigation group, although two‐thirds of the patients required at least one bladder washout, only one‐third required more than one washout. No significant difference in blood loss, electrolyte balance, infection rate or recovery was seen in the 2 groups. This study led to a local change in practice, converting from a policy of routine irrigation to one of no irrigation.
Spotlight on small molecules in cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Wang Xin , Huang Yu , Ji Yong 
Published: April 2018

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Spotlight on Small Molecules in Cardiovascular Diseases. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.8/issuetoc
Cannabidiol regulates behavioural alterations and gene expression changes induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal
Authors: Navarrete Francisco , Aracil‐Fernández Auxiliadora , Manzanares Jorge 
Published: April 2018

Background and PurposeCannabidiol (CBD) represents a promising therapeutic tool for treating cannabis use disorder (CUD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CBD on the behavioural and gene expression alterations induced by spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal.Experimental ApproachSpontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal was evaluated 12 h after cessation of CP‐55,940 treatment (0.5 mg·kg−1 every 12 h, i.p.; 7 days) in C57BL/6J mice. The effects of CBD (5, 10 and 20 mg·kg−1, i.p.) on withdrawal‐related behavioural signs were evaluated by measuring motor activity, somatic signs and anxiety‐like behaviour. Furthermore, gene expression changes in TH in the ventral tegmental area, and in the opioid μ receptor (Oprm1), cannabinoid CB1 receptor (Cnr1) and CB2 receptor (Cnr2) in the nucleus accumbens, were also evaluated using the real‐time PCR technique.Key ResultsThe administration of CBD significantly blocked the increase in motor activity and the increased number of rearings, rubbings and jumpings associated with cannabinoid withdrawal, and it normalized the decrease in the number of groomings. However, CBD did not change somatic signs in vehicle‐treated animals. In addition, the anxiogenic‐like effect observed in abstinent mice disappeared with CBD administration, whereas CBD induced an anxiolytic‐like effect in non‐abstinent animals. Moreover, CBD normalized gene expression changes induced by CP‐55,940‐mediated spontaneous withdrawal.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results suggest that CBD alleviates spontaneous cannabinoid withdrawal and normalizes associated gene expression changes. Future studies are needed to determine the relevance of CBD as a potential therapeutic tool for treating CUD.
La nostalgie comme catégorie géographique : une proposition théorique
Authors: Colin Clément 
Published: April 2018

La nostalgie comme catégorie géographique : une proposition théoriqueDans la littérature scientifique, la nostalgie a été critiquée pour sa supposée capacité à falsifier les narrations historiques, idéaliser un passé et masquer les divisions sociales et les rapports de force existants dans la revalorisation mémorielle et patrimoniale. Prenant le contrepied de ces analyses, l'article aborde et questionne la nostalgie non seulement comme un sentiment individuel et collectif, mais aussi comme un discours et une pratique socioculturelle qui s'incarnent dans l'espace et le présent. À partir d'une revue de littérature, cet article propose des pistes de réflexions théoriques afin de construire la nostalgie comme catégorie d'analyse capable d'interroger à la fois la relation affective de l'être humain à l'espace, sa relation subjective au temps et aux matérialités et la manière dont les pratiques et discours qui en sont issus participent à la production de l'espace. L'article est une invitation à prendre part aux débats à propos des dimensions géographiques de la nostalgie.
Efficacy and safety of 3‐month dosing regimen of degarelix in Japanese subjects with prostate cancer: A phase III study
Authors: Ozono Seiichiro , Tsukamoto Taiji , Naito Seiji , Horie Shigeo , Ohashi Yasuo , Uemura Hiroji , Yokomizo Yumiko , Fukasawa Satoshi , Kusuoka Hidehito , Akazawa Rio , Saito Masako , Akaza Hideyuki 
Published: April 2018

Non‐inferiority in the cumulative castration rate of the 3‐month formulation of degarelix compared with the 3‐month formulation of goserelin was evaluated in subjects with prostate cancer. A phase III, open‐label, parallel‐arm study was carried out. An initial dose of 240 mg degarelix or 3.6 mg goserelin was given s.c.; after day 28, a maintenance dose of 480 mg degarelix or 10.8 mg goserelin was given once every 84 days. Non‐inferiority in castration rate and safety of degarelix to goserelin were evaluated. The primary end‐point was the cumulative castration rate from day 28 to day 364 and the non‐inferiority margin was set to be 10%. A total of 234 subjects with prostate cancer were randomized to the degarelix group (n = 117) and the goserelin group (n = 117). The cumulative castration rate was 95.1% in the degarelix group and 100.0% in the goserelin group. As there were no events in the goserelin group, an additional analysis was carried out using 95% confidence intervals of the difference in the proportion of subjects with castration. Analyses indicated the non‐inferiority of the 3‐month formulation of degarelix to goserelin. Degarelix showed more rapid decreases in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prostate‐specific antigen levels compared with goserelin. The most common adverse events in the degarelix group were injection site reactions. Non‐inferiority of the 3‐month formulation of degarelix to goserelin was shown for testosterone suppression. The 3‐month formulation of degarelix was also found to be tolerated as an androgen deprivation therapy for patients with prostate cancer. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT01964170).