bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lovastatin attenuates hypertension induced by renal tubule‐specific knockout of ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1, by inhibiting epithelial sodium channels
Authors: Wu Ming‐Ming , Liang Chen , Yu Xiao‐Di , Song Bin‐Lin , Yue Qiang , Zhai Yu‐Jia , Linck Valerie , Cai Yong‐Xu , Niu Na , Yang Xu , Zhang Bao‐Long , Wang Qiu‐Shi , Zou Li , Zhang Shuai , Thai Tiffany L. , Ma Jing , Sutliff Roy L. , Zhang Zhi‐Ren , Ma He‐Ping 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeWe have shown that cholesterol is synthesized in the principal cells of renal cortical collecting ducts (CCD) and stimulates the epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). Here we have determined whether lovastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, can antagonize the hypertension induced by activated ENaC, following deletion of the cholesterol transporter (ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1; ABCA1).Experimental ApproachWe selectively deleted ABCA1 in the principal cells of mouse CCD and used the cell‐attached patch‐clamp technique to record ENaC activity. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate protein expression levels. Systolic BP was measured with the tail‐cuff method.Key ResultsSpecific deletion of ABCA1 elevated BP and ENaC single‐channel activity in the principal cells of CCD in mice. These effects were antagonized by lovastatin. ABCA1 deletion elevated intracellular cholesterol levels, which was accompanied by elevated ROS, increased expression of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1), phosphorylated neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally down‐regulated protein 4‐2 (Nedd4‐2) and furin, along with shorten the primary cilium, and reduced ATP levels in urine.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese data suggest that specific deletion of ABCA1 in principal cells increases BP by stimulating ENaC channels via a cholesterol‐dependent pathway which induces several secondary responses associated with oxidative stress, activated Sgk1/Nedd4‐2, increased furin expression, and reduced cilium‐mediated release of ATP. As ABCA1 can be blocked by cyclosporine A, these results suggest further investigation of the possible use of statins to treat CsA‐induced hypertension.
Preschoolers Flexibly Shift Between Speakers' Perspectives During Real‐Time Language Comprehension
Authors: Khu Melanie , Chambers Craig G. , Graham Susan A. 
Published: June 2019

In communicative situations, preschoolers use shared knowledge, or “common ground,” to guide their interpretation of a speaker's referential intent. Using eye‐tracking measures, this study investigated the time course of 4‐year‐olds’ (n = 95) use of two different speakers’ perspectives and assessed how individual differences in this ability related to individual differences in executive function and representational skills. Gaze measures indicated partner‐specific common ground guided children's interpretation from the earliest moments of language processing. Nonegocentric online processing was positively correlated with performance on a Level 2 visual perspective‐taking task. These results demonstrate that preschoolers readily use the perspectives of multiple partners to guide language comprehension and that more advanced representational skills are associated with the rapid integration of common ground information.
Sacred Rhythms and Political Frequencies: Reading Lefebvre in an Urban House of Prayer
Authors: Ram Moriel , Aharon Gutman Meirav 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn recent years, Lefebvre's concept of rhythm analysis has been implied in various ways to critically examine how rhythms are formed, disrupted, and reformed through different urban venues. One theme that this body of knowledge has yet to comprehensively examine, however, is how changes in the urban sphere impact the spatial rhythms of religious institutions in cities, which can be pivotal for understanding how religious institutions are formed as urban public spaces. This article addresses this issue with a rhythm analysis of a particular religious urban locus: a synagogue in the mixed Palestinian and Jewish city of Acre in northern Israel. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and an urban survey, the article discusses how different forms of rhythm‐making undergo a process of contested synchronization with linear and cyclical rhythms of the city. More specifically, how the ability to forge a space hinges on the ability to maintain a rhythmic cycle of attendance, which, in turn, is not only dependent on the ability to achieve synchronization amongst the needs of the different participants but is also intertwined with the larger linear cycle of urban life as a rhythmic equation that fuses the personal with the political, the linear with the cyclical, and the religious with the urban.
Impact of electrical pulse cut mode during endoscopic papillectomy: Pilot randomized clinical trial
Authors: Iwasaki Eisuke , Minami Kazuhiro , Itoi Takao , Yamamoto Kenjiro , Tsuji Shujiro , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Tanaka Reina , Tonozuka Ryosuke , Machida Yujiro , Takimoto Yoichi , Tamagawa Hiroki , Katayama Tadashi , Kawasaki Shintaro , Seino Takashi , Horibe Masayasu , Fukuhara Seiichiro , Kitago Minoru , Ogata Haruhiko , Kanai Takanori 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveEndoscopic papillectomy is increasingly being used for ampullary adenoma treatment. However, it remains challenging despite increased safety with treatment advances. The ideal power output and electrosurgical current mode for mucosal resection are not established. We aimed to identify the ideal electrical pulse for use during resection.MethodsThis pilot randomized, single‐blind, prospective, multicenter trial, recruited patients with ampullary adenomas and conventional anatomy who were scheduled to undergo endoscopic papillectomy. Endoscopic treatment was performed using a standardized algorithm and patients were randomized for endoscopic papillectomy with Endocut or Autocut. The primary outcome was the incidence of delayed bleeding. Incidence of procedure‐related pancreatitis, successful complete resection, pathological findings, and other adverse events were secondary endpoints.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled over a 2‐year period. The incidences of delayed bleeding (13.3% vs. 16.7%, P = 1.00) and pancreatitis (27% vs. 30%, P = 0.77) were similar between both groups. The rate of crush artifacts was higher in the Endocut than in the Autocut group (27% vs. 3.3%, P = 0.03). Immediate bleeding when resecting tumors greater than 14 mm in diameter was more common in the Autocut than in the Endocut group (88% vs. 46%, P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe Autocut and Endocut modes have similar efficacy and safety for endoscopic papillectomy. The Endocut mode may prevent immediate bleeding in cases with large tumor sizes, although it causes more frequent crush artifacts.Registry and the registration numberThe Japanese UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN‐CTR: 000021382).
Phytolith‐rich biochar: A potential Si fertilizer in desilicated soils
Authors: Li Zimin , Delvaux Bruno 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSilicon (Si) is beneficial to plants since it increases photosynthetic efficiency, and alleviates biotic and abiotic stresses. In the most highly weathered and desilicated soils, plant phytoliths make up the reservoir of bioavailable Si. The regular removal of crop residues, however, substantially decreases this pool. Si supply may therefore be required to sustain continuous cropping. Available Si fertilizers are costly and usually poor in soluble Si. Biochar produced from the pyrolysis of phytolith‐rich biomass is thus a promising alternative Si source for plants. Taking into account the challenges of increasing food demand and environmental concerns, we evaluate the global potential of biochar produced from major crop residues and manures in terms of phytogenic Si (PhSi) supply. Crop residues contribute to 80% of the global production of biomass dry matter (8,201 Tg/year) of which 3,137 Tg/year are potentially available after pyrolysis, giving a potential application rate of 1.7 T ha−1 year−1 for highly weathered soils in the tropics. The potential PhSi supply from crop biochar amounts to 102 Tg Si/year. On its own, rice straws produce 57.7 Tg PhSi/year, accounting for 56.6% of the potential annual PhSi production. The Si release from crop biochar depends on inter altere feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, soil pH, and buffer capacity. Furthermore, the amplitude of plant Si uptake and mineralomass depends on plant species, soil properties, and processes. These factors interact and can exert a decisive influence on the effectiveness of phytolithic biochar in releasing Si into highly weathered soils. We conclude that the use of phytolithic biochar as a Si fertilizer offers undeniable potential to mitigate desilication and to enhance Si ecological services due to soil weathering and biomass removal. This potential must be explored, as well as the conditions for using biochar in the field.
Social infrastructure and the public life of cities: Studying urban sociality and public spaces
Authors: Latham Alan , Layton Jack 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLibraries, laundrettes, and lidos. Pizzerias, plazas, and playgrounds. Sidewalks, swimming pools, and schools. These are just some of the kinds of spaces and facilities that contribute to the public life of cities. Drawing on the arguments of the sociologist Eric Klinenberg, this article develops the concept of “social infrastructure” as a way to research and value these kinds of spaces. Social infrastructure helps in recognising the public dimensions of often overlooked and undervalued spaces. It draws attention to the breadth, depth, and textures of sociality that can be afforded by different urban environments. In developing the concept of social infrastructure, this article pulls together four related strands of social scientific inquiry: work on infrastructure; publicness and public space; sociality and encounter; and the politics of provision. An infrastructural approach to the topic of public space presents geographers with some productive tools for understanding the public life of cities.
Interlopers in class: A duoethnography of working‐class women academics
Authors: Johansson Marjana , Jones Sally 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article introduces the concept of the interloper for examining classed and gendered dislocation. Focusing on academia, which we view as a classed and gendered field, we draw on Bourdieu and feminist standpoint theory to account for how we, as women of working‐class origin, have experienced ‘breaches' through which we have come to understand ourselves in classed and gendered terms. Coming from different cultural backgrounds, we also reflect on how understandings of class are context‐specific. We employ a duoethnographic method which emphasizes the value of subjective experiences for organizational and social analyses. The article shows how the concept of the interloper may shed light on the dynamic, relational character of constructions of class and gender; the maintenance work that is performed; and how a sense of permanent inbetweenness characterizes our ongoing movement between the fields of the family and academia.
Shifting positionalities across international locations: Embodied knowledge, time‐geography, and the polyvalence of privilege
Authors: Torres‐Olave Blanca , Lee Jenny J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite a robust body of scholarship on positionality, the practice of international Higher Education research often neglects engagement with the varied, fluid and complex positionalities of researchers across national boundaries. Through a series of vignettes, the authors argue for reflexivity that extends beyond rigid social identities and towards embodied knowledge, or self‐understanding that is mutable and context responsive. For international mobile researchers especially, new affinities can evolve through propinquity and social custom, and gradually become incorporated into self‐knowledge with the passing of time. Beyond mere cultural competency, this article raises the importance of symbolic competency that simultaneously negotiates the multiple dimensions of language, various forms of capital, as well as evolving social identities in conducting research in different contexts.
Steel spheres impact on alumina ceramic tiles: Experiments and finite element simulations
Authors: Toussaint Geneviève , Polyzois Ioannis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFinite element simulations can be very useful for assessing and optimizing the design of advanced armor systems, but they require capturing the mechanisms of damage and failure that occur in composite‐backed ceramic tiles when subjected to shock impact. The damage that occurs, primarily by the formation of radial and conical cracks and comminution, is complex. Therefore, the first step toward understanding these mechanisms are to simplify the problem. In this work, impact experiments using spherical steel projectiles were conducted on free‐standing bare alumina ceramic tiles of two different thicknesses. Observations of the damage were then used to investigate the ability of numerical codes to capture the damage mechanisms occurring in the alumina tiles at various impact velocities. Three constitutive material models, used to simulate brittle fracture in isotropic solids, were explored, using commercially available finite element hydrocode LS‐DYNA. These were the popular Johnson‐Holmquist model 2 for ceramic materials, the pseudo‐rheological Karagozian & Case Concrete model—Release III, and the elastic bond‐based peridynamics model. The numerical results obtained demonstrated the capability of each approach to capture the damage produced by the impact of steel spheres on alumina ceramic tiles.
How to assess the effectiveness of nasal influenza vaccines? Role and measurement of sIgA in mucosal secretions
Authors: Gianchecchi Elena , Manenti Alessandro , Kistner Otfried , Trombetta Claudia , Manini Ilaria , Montomoli Emanuele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSecretory IgAs (sIgA) constitute the principal isotype of antibodies present in nasal and mucosal secretions. They are secreted by plasma cells adjacent to the mucosal epithelial cells, the site where infection occurs, and are the main humoral mediator of mucosal immunity. Mucosally delivered vaccines, such as live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), are able to mimic natural infection without causing disease or virus transmission and mainly elicit a local immune response. The measurement of sIgA concentrations in nasal swab/wash and saliva samples is therefore a valuable tool for evaluating their role in the effectiveness of such vaccines. Here, we describe two standardized assays (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and microneutralization) available for the quantification of sIgA and discuss the advantages and limitations of their use.
Happiness or hopelessness in late life: A cluster RCT of the 3L‐Mind‐Training programme among the institutionalized older people
Authors: Chiang Yi‐Chen , Lee Chun‐Yang , Hsueh Shao‐Chieh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the effectiveness of a new mental health promotion activities programme by including the criterion variables of happiness and depressive mood.DesignA single‐blinded, clustered, randomized and controlled trial.MethodA list consisting of the names of elderly residents was provided by the senior social worker at a geriatric institution. The participants recruited for the study were living on one of four different floors that had separate and non‐interfering spaces and having comparable disabilities. The researchers randomly assigned residents on two floors as members of the intervention group; the other residents were considered the control group. The intervention groups attended 6 weeks of the 3L‐Mind‐Training programme, whereas the control group only engaged in regular health promotion activities. The mini version of the Chinese Happiness Inventory was adapted to measure happiness. The Geriatric Depression Scale short‐form was used to measure depression in older people. A generalized estimating equation was used to analyse the short‐term and durative effects.FindingsThe 126 residents included in the study were 65–97 years old, and 90% of the residents relied on wheelchairs. The intervention activities give significant immediate and durative effects both on subjective well‐being enhancement and depressive mood relief. When evaluating the overall intervention activity, 93.8% of the aged residents indicated that this programme was helpful and allowed them to view life events positively.Conclusion and impactA well‐planned mind‐training programme could help elderly people reform their viewpoint and create a more fun and happy experience of ageing.Trial registration: Data were obtained from the project, initiated in 2014, which was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan and was approved by the Institutional Review Board in Chung Shan Medical University (No. CS15009). The trial registration number of the study was No. ChiCTR1900021811.
“But I did not touch nobody!”—Patients' and nurses' perspectives and recommendations after aggression on psychiatric wards—A qualitative study
Authors: Vermeulen Jentien M. , Doedens Paul , Boyette Lindy‐Lou N. J. , Spek Bea , Latour Corine H. M. , de Haan Lieuwe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo gain a deeper understanding of the differences in patients and staff perspectives in response to aggression and to explore recommendations on prevention.DesignQualitative, grounded theory study.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with patients and nurses involved in an aggressive incident. Data collection was performed from May 2016 ‐ March 2017.ResultsThirty‐one interviews were conducted concerning 15 aggressive incidents. Patients and nurses generally showed agreement on the factual course of events, there was variation in agreement on the perceived severity (PS). Patients' recommendations on prevention were mostly personally focussed, while nurses suggested general improvements.ConclusionPatients are often capable to evaluate aggression and give recommendations on prevention shortly after the incident. Patients and nurses differ in the PS of aggression. Recommendations on prevention of patients and nurses are complementary.ImpactWhat problem did the study address? Perspectives of patients and nurses differ with respect to aggression, but how is unclear. What were the main findings? Patients and nurses generally described a similar factual course of events concerning the incident, patients often perceive the severity less than nurses. Patients are capable to give recommendations on prevention of aggressive incidents, shortly after the incident. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Factual course of events can be a common ground to start evaluating aggressive incidents and post‐incident review should address the severity of incidents. Asking recommendations from patients on how to improve safety and de‐escalation can lead to innovative and personal de‐escalation strategies and supports patients autonomy.
Does improved postgraduate capacity shift the balance of power for nurse specialists in a low‐income country: A mixed methods study
Authors: Bruce Judith C. , Baumann Jennifer , Schmollgruber Shelley 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore nurse specialists’ experiences of change and influence on practice two years after graduating with a postgraduate degree.BackgroundIn the absence of further study opportunities for nurses in their own country, a master's degree was introduced to train the first group of nurse specialists in Mozambique.DesignWithin a hybrid evaluation framework an exploratory, sequential mixed methods design was followed.MethodsQualitative data from focus group interviews with nurse specialists (N = 12) led to five thematic data sets from which survey questions were formulated for the sequential quantitative component.Findings“Change expectations”, “Ambiguous practice environments”, “Feeling powerless”, “Having some influence” and “Workplace support” were emergent themes from interview data. Areas of positive change occurred in research (100%) and the use of evidence (88.9%) and involvement in decision‐making (77.8%). For some change did not happen as anticipated—reasons included lack of nurse mentors to support new graduates (55.6%); lesser respect compared with doctors (44.4%) and poor understanding of the value of a master's degree (44.4%). Improvements in service quality and elevating the status of nursing were areas of greatest influence (77.8%).ConclusionSeveral enabling and limiting factors were identified in the experiences of change and influence on practice of newly qualified nurse specialists. Tacit change with respect to the value of the degree in improving the status of nursing seems not to have affected nurse specialists’ own ability and power to influence practice. Improved postgraduate capacity on its own does not empower nurses in their role as specialists.ImpactThe findings point to a two‐tiered strategy to be developed to dismantle barriers to the empowerment and advancement of nurse specialists. The identification of designated nurse mentors is essential to induct and sustain newly graduated nurse specialists. A clear research policy should be developed that supports the conduct of relevant research and the use of evidence in specialist practice.
Technology‐assisted nursing for postpartum support: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: McCarter Deborah E. , Demidenko Eugene , Sisco Tauna S. , Hegel Mark T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo determine if an electronic nursing intervention during the first 6 months postpartum was effective in improving mood and decreasing stress.BackgroundUnmet needs postpartum can have a negative impact on mood and parenting stress. Technology‐assisted nursing care may provide needed support and reduce risk.DesignRandomized controlled trial (RCT) with three conditions.MethodsEnrollment began on 11 May 2017. Participants were randomized into one of three groups after completion of the baseline survey. Intervention I participants received standardized electronic messages four times/week for 6 months postpartum. Intervention II participants additionally received the option for nurse contact. Depression and parenting stress as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Parenting Stress Index‐Short form (PSI‐SF) was obtained at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months postpartum and results compared with a usual care group. Patient satisfaction and nursing factors were measured.ResultsSignificantly higher satisfaction scores were found in both intervention groups as compared with control, but there were no significant changes in EPDS or PSI‐SF.ConclusionThe interventions were perceived as helpful and not burdensome. Better nurse‐sensitive outcome measures are needed to adequately assess effectiveness.ImpactPostpartum women report unmet needs for support and education. The interventions were perceived as being helpful but did not significantly reduce depressive symptoms or parenting stress. Nurses can use this research to inform development of innovative approaches to support postpartum women.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT 02843022.