bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐Wide Population Structure in a Marine Keystone Species, the European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis)
Authors: Alves Monteiro Homère J. , Bekkevold Dorte , Pacheco George , Mortensen Stein , Lou Runyang Nicolas , Therkildsen Nina O. , Tanguy Arnaud , Robert Chloé , De Wit Pierre , Meldrup Dorte , Laugen Ane T. , zu Ermgassen Philine S. E. , Strand Åsa , Saurel Camille , Hemmer‐Hansen Jakob 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOstrea edulis, the European flat oyster, was once a widespread economically and ecologically important marine species, but has suffered dramatic declines over the past two centuries. Consequently, there has been a surge in European restoration efforts, many of which focus on restocking as a conservation measure. In this study, we used whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data to investigate the population structure, demographic history, and patterns of local adaptation of O. edulis across its natural distribution with increased sampling densities at Scandinavian localities. Results revealed seven distinct genetic clusters, including previously undescribed complex population structure in Norway, and evidence for introgression between genetic clusters in Scandinavia. We detected large structural variants (SVs) on three pseudo‐chromosomes. These megabase long regions were characterised by strong linkage disequilibrium and clear geographical differentiation, suggestive of chromosomal inversions potentially associated with local adaptation. The results indicated that genomic traces of past translocations of non‐native O. edulis were still present in some individuals, but overall, we found limited evidence of major impacts of translocations on the scale of contemporary population structure. Our findings highlight the importance of considering population structure and signatures of selection in the design of effective conservation strategies to preserve and restore wild native European flat oyster populations, and we provide direct knowledge safeguarding sustainable mitigation actions in this important species.
Climate change and plant pathogens: Understanding dynamics, risks and mitigation strategies
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Mukhopadhyay Ria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClimate change is reshaping the interactions between plants and pathogens, exerting profound effects on global agricultural systems. Elevated tropospheric ozone levels due to climate change hinder plant photosynthesis and increase vulnerability to biotic invasion. The prevailing atmospheric conditions, including temperature and humidity, profoundly influence fungal pathogenesis, as each stage of a pathogen's life cycle is intricately linked to temperature variations. Likewise, climate change alters bacterial behaviour, fostering increased production of extracellular polysaccharides by plant‐pathogenic bacteria in warmer temperatures. Heat‐adapted bacteria, such as Burkholderia glumea and Ralstonia solanacearum, are emerging as significant global threats as temperature rise. Viruses, too, respond dynamically to climate shifts, with certain species favouring warmer climates for replication, resulting in expanded geographical ranges and modified transmission patterns. Nematodes, formidable constraints in crop production, exhibit temperature‐dependent life cycles and would have potentially accelerated proliferation and distribution as global warming progresses. Molecular‐level changes in pathogenesis, induced by temperature fluctuations, influence various pathogens, thereby impacting their virulence and interactions with host plants. Modelling studies predict changes in disease risks and distributions under future climate scenarios, highlighting the necessity of integrating climate data into crop disease models for accurate forecasts. Mechanistic and observational models illustrate pathogen behaviours amidst changing environmental conditions, providing crucial insights into future disease dynamics. In addition, controlled experiments study disease responses under simulated climate scenarios, underscoring the urgency for comprehensive research to devise effective resistance strategies against severe plant diseases.
Unraveling the gender wage gap: Exploring early career patterns among university graduates
Authors: Sandner Malte , Yükselen Ipek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA large body of literature has shown that the gender wage gap is small in the first years after graduation and increases gradually with age, largely because of family decisions, often a penalty caused by childbirth. However, the gender wage gap immediately after graduation has received less attention. Using a unique dataset that links 5000 university graduates with master's degrees or equivalent from a large German university to detailed employment records from the German social security register, we specifically analyze the gender wage gap at the first job and its dynamics during the initial years of their careers after graduation. We find that a significant gender wage gap already exists in the first job after graduation, even before most young individuals make family decisions. However, this gender wage gap decreases in the first year after entering the labor market and then increases slowly over time. We attribute this initial decrease in the gender wage gap to female university graduates experiencing greater returns from firm and occupational changes than their male counterparts. This suggests that women may use these changes to address skill mismatches, which are more common among women than men in their first job.
Rebellion contagion: Embodying black radical love in the westernised academy
Authors: Hlabangane Nokuthula 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMacro‐politics inform micro‐practices. As such, no institution and role‐player within can be thought outside of this framework. As such, the personal begets the political as the political begets the personal. Against the extractive posture of the university that imagines every‐body and every‐thing through colonial apparatus that are also individualising, with this work, I immerse myself in the communities that raised me, whose values I embody as I walk the university. I posit my travails and ruminations in the university as Black Radical Love. I argue, in a manner of speaking, that one cannot display cares against grand injustices while turning a blind eye to small ones. In this way, I make a distinction (following others) between “be‐ing in the university” and being of the university” to highlight the hidden curriculum of the university and how unscripted Black Radical Love always rises to unveil and engage with the violences embedded in the corporate, westernized university. I show glimpses of decolonial, Afrocentric futures that are intricately woven with and into Black Radical Love. They account for the robustness of my scholarship and general movement in the academy.
Discovery of the Novel HLA‐DRB1*16:02:13 Allele, a Variant of HLA‐DRB1*16, in a Taiwanese Individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Lin Py‐Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOne nucleotide substitution in codon 206 of HLA‐DRB1*16:02:01:01 results in a novel allele, HLA‐DRB1*16:02:13.
High‐Accuracy Geological Deformation Monitoring Through Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Image Registration Without Control Points
Authors: Qin Lei , Liu Yawen , Tao Pengjie , Duan Yansong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained popularity in geological deformation monitoring due to their flexibility, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of image acquisition. However, accurate co‐registration of multi‐phase UAV images, essential for effective monitoring, requires numerous ground control points (GCPs), challenging in deformation‐prone areas. This study introduces a UAV‐based monitoring method that eliminates the need for GCPs. Initially, two‐phase images are integrated for joint aerial triangulation. The first‐phase image and tie points undergo bundle adjustment refinement. Control points are identified as tie points with minimal deviation and used to refine the second‐phase image. Three‐dimensional (3D) models are generated from these refined adjustments and differential analysis between the models reveals geological deformation. Experimental results show that this method automatically identifies stable areas and effectively captures both the location and extent of geological deformation, achieving a relative change accuracy of 0.06 m, which is twice the average ground resolution. Compared to traditional aerial triangulation methods without control points, this approach offers more than a tenfold increase in accuracy. The accuracy is on par with methods that utilize multiple control points, indicating the promising potential of this approach for geological deformation monitoring.
Entrance Lengths for Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Eccentric Annulus
Authors: Resell Åsmund Aamodt , Giljarhus Knut Erik Teigen , Skadsem Hans Joakim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study the entrance length in eccentric annular geometries, where the axes of the inner and outer pipes forming the annulus are offset from each other. Such geometries are considered relevant for several industrial applications, such as drilling of wells for hydrocarbon production or geothermal energy recovery, as well as biomedical research involving annular vessels. Previous studies have shown that eccentricity increases the entrance length in annular geometries, and this has been attributed to azimuthal redistribution of fluid between the wide and narrow sides of the annulus. The present computational study aims to increase the understanding of entrance lengths in eccentric annuli for laminar flow with Reynolds numbers spanning the range from the creep limit and up to intermediate laminar values, below the regime of annular gap instabilities. We find that the entrance lengths in eccentric annuli generally increase for narrower annular gaps (higher aspect ratios). Moreover, the entrance lengths in the annuli with higher aspect ratios are also more sensitive to the degree of eccentricity compared to wider annuli (lower aspect ratios). We report empirical correlations for the dimensionless entrance length using the same form as earlier studies (Le=[C0n+(C1Re)n]1/n). We find that eccentricity, which breaks the axial symmetry of the annulus and causes azimuthal flow in the entrance region, impacts the value of the exponent n, which has been assigned the value of 1.6 in previous studies of axisymmetric conduits.
Phase Diagrams for Anticlastic and Synclastic Bending Curvatures of Hexagonal and Reentrant Honeycombs
Authors: Wei F. , He L. H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transformation between saddle- and dome-like bending shapes of regular and reentrant hexagonal honeycomb panels are explored. An analytical model is proposed to uncover the underlying mechanisms and identify the controlling parameter when the cell walls are slender beams. Then, 3D finite element simulations are performed to examine the architecture dependence of bending shape and construct the phase diagrams of anticlastic and synclastic curvatures when the cell walls have a general geometry. The results are believed helpful to the design and application of related honeycomb structures.
Automatic Knowledge Extraction for Decision Support in the Structural Design Process
Authors: Schlenz Sonja , Mößner Simon , Ek Carl Henrik , Duddeck Fabian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Much of an engineer’s implicit knowledge and experience is embedded in data from previous engineering processes. In the typical automotive structural design process, many simulation variants are created to incrementally improve relevant performance values. Engineers decide about the modifications to make to the geometry to achieve these improvements. The steps of this development process reflect the engineer’s decisions and thus her/his knowledge and experience. This implicit knowledge is potentially helpful for new projects, but is not easily accessible. This paper proposes a method to automatically extract past solutions from a database containing finite element simulation data from previous development processes. A reference model with high similarity to the problem at hand is identified in the database. Since the development process of this model is already completed, there must exist a later version of the model where the problem has been solved. The difference between the reference model and the identified improved model represents an engineer’s knowledge that was used to solve a similar problem in the past. Possible solutions identified this way are successfully used to support engineers in their decisions in new projects during the structural design process. The method is applied to pedestrian safety data from the structural design process of cars using real-world data.
Investigation on Transmission Error and Noise Improvement of Two-Stage Planetary Gearset Based on MBD and NVH Analysis
Authors: Yoo Ho-Gil , Min Dong Joon , Lee Min Sung , Kang Yong Goo , Shin Kyeongho 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the increasing demand for Electric Drive (E-drive) vehicles, the development of planetary gearset (PGS) has been actively pursued. In the development process of a PGS, meticulous considerations must be given not only to the reliability of the system but also to various performance aspects such as downsizing for packaging, noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), as well as efficiency. In this study, multi-body dynamics and NVH analysis were conducted to improve the NVH performance of two-stage planetary geared E-drive reducer systems. The analysis explores the interplay between transmission error (TE) and NVH, with a comprehensive discussion based on the analysis results. The analysis results were validated by comparing them with the test results.
While TE has been extensively researched as a primary excitation source in reducers or transmission systems, the relationship between TE in PGS and NVH, especially at the system level, was inadequately studied. Furthermore, experimentally validated studies were rarely conducted on the TE of planetary gearsets. In this study, overall transmission error (OTE), individual gear meshing TE, and noise and vibration response of modal correlated two-stage PGS model were analyzed. The analysis results illustrate how TE manifests in the noise and vibration response. Additionally, gear microgeometry modification cases were suggested as NVH improvement strategies, and their effects have been analytically investigated. In conclusion, overall simulation and investigation works have given instrumental insights into the design and improvement of NVH performances across various PGS systems.
Rigiccordion Worm - A Linear Two-DOF Origami Robot
Authors: Freeman Michael , Schott Conor , Carr Andrew , Josef Carter , Cook Col , Hasan Mohammad H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Origami robots offer great potential due to their compliant nature, relative ease of manufacturing, lightweight, and safety. They are considered in areas like collaborative robotics, space applications, navigation of a variety of terrains, and search and rescue. This paper focuses on robotic applications like the latter, in which an origami robot is desired to be small in size, lightweight, fast, simple to model, produce, and control. As such, the body of an origami robot — the origami structural spring — should be simple to fold and model. One way to achieve both of these properties is to use a simple origami pattern that is rigidly foldable. In this work, a two-degrees-of-freedom (two-DoF) worm robot is presented. The worm body is constructed from a simple rigidly deformable origami pattern, named ‘rigiccordion’, which exhibits linear response properties, as well as 3d printed rigid parts. The structure stiffness is experimentally attained for two different types of material (inkjet paper and Mylar). The procedure to laser cut the origami fold pattern for a Mylar sheet is presented. Finally, the two-DoF worm robot is designed and tested using the rigiccordion structure for compliance and energy storage. The results show that the two-DoF robot can move horizontally with a speed of up to 1.56 cm/s (0.12 body length/s) and turn at a rate of 1.8°/s.
Advancements in Stretchable and Washable Energy-Storage Devices
Authors: Pressly Addison , MajidiRad AmirHossein , Damircheli Mehrnoosh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper offers a thorough literature review on stretchable and washable energy-storage devices, emphasizing their significance in healthcare and personal applications. We explored studies on carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers for cost-effective solutions, along with fibrous electrical systems commonly utilized in creating batteries, supercapacitors, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Addressing challenges, the study provides practical recommendations for advancing research, focusing on enhancing energy and power density while maintaining mechanical robustness and comfort. The material choice, fabrication techniques, and mechanical properties for suitability in wearable technology are also discussed. In particular, the paper investigated several key items including omniphobic silk-based coils, advancements in lithium-ion batteries, and novel electrode designs that contribute to flexible and durable energy-storage solutions, printing methods such as core-shell fibrous structures, as well as encapsulation techniques. Additionally, we present a well-organized categorization of how washable and stretchable energy storage devices are fabricated, discussing their benefits, shortcomings, and standardized testing procedures. We highlight existing gaps in each technology and areas ripe for exploration. This work also includes valuable guidance and strategies for those entering the field of stretchable and washable batteries. Overall, we showcase recent advancements in the field, illustrating diverse possibilities for future power and energy devices while emphasizing the need for improved biocompatibility in various applications.
Hydrodynamic-Electrical-Control Co-Design of Hydrokinetic Turbines
Authors: Jiang Boxi , Liao Yingqian , Naik Kartik , Tariquzzaman Md , Martins Joaquim R. R. A. , Cao Yue , Sun Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The design optimization of a hydrokinetic turbine (HKT) is inherently multidisciplinary, involving hydrodynamic, mechanical, electrical, and control design. In the conventional sequential design process, the system-level problem is divided into sub-problems. These sub-problems are then solved in sequence, leading to sub-optimal solutions because it does not fully exploit cross-disciplinary synergy. This paper explores the optimal design of an HKT system by developing a control co-design (CCD) framework to simultaneously optimize the physical design variables, power transmission variables, and optimal control trajectory for a variable-speed fixed-pitch HKT. The CCD considers a system-level model that captures the couplings between the hydrodynamic and electrical efficiency of the HKT. Case studies are performed by analyzing the final designs and resulting hydrodynamic and electrical efficiencies. Electrical energy generation obtained through the proposed CCD approach is compared with a sequential design-control method. The cases show that the CCD approach, which considers hydrodynamics, electrical system, and control concurrently, leads to a different physical design and improved energy output of 1.76% more than that of the optimized system through a sequential method. The studies demonstrate that CCD benefits HKT design and achieving system-level optimality.
Realizability and System Architecture for Collaborative Large-Scale Mobile Platform 3-D Printing Robots
Authors: Hu Henry , Norris William R. , Soylemezoglu Ahmet , Nottage Dustin , Patterson Albert E. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Large-scale autonomous construction systems (ACSs) have become an important area of technology development in research years. Several areas remain to be comprehensively studied, including the design of both the construction equipment and final products, the science behind the materials used, system architecture, major applications (such space exploration, local disaster recovery, and expeditionary operations), and the realizability of the system. The realizability (manufacturability, assembly, and integration) of the system components is the most important of these at this point in the technology development, as it drives the feasibility and decision-making of the technology and enables the major applications. This article explores the realizability and system architecture of an ACS based on a large-scale collaborative autonomous robot (assumed to be a robotic arm) mounted in a mobile platform (such as a Warthog). The basic system configuration, the interfaces, and the realizability requirements driven by a formal concept-of-operations (CONOPS) diagram and known/designed system architecture. This work will be helpful in the further development, refinement, and application of this and similar systems by showing the major system architecture and formalizing the requirements for developing the system.
Well-Formed Quality of System Requirements for Verifying to ISO 29148-2018: A Natural Language Processing (NLP) Based Framework and Quantitative Metric
Authors: Kumar Sahu Chandan , Rai Vedant , Roshan Vinit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The system requirements directly affect the quality, cost, and performance of system architecture developed in the detailed design phase, necessitating a comprehensive approach to ensure accuracy, completeness, and clarity. A well-defined set of requirements lays the foundation for developing effective and efficient systems, guiding the architectural design process toward meeting stakeholder expectations while optimizing resource utilization and minimizing potential risks associated with ambiguous or poorly specified requirements. Methodologies for assessing the quality of individual requirements generated during the initial conceptual system design phase are crucial. In this paper, we outline a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) framework for assessing the well-formed quality of individual requirements that conforms to the ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 (E) requirement standard. We leverage advanced linguistic analysis to automatically evaluate each of the nine essential characteristics — necessary, appropriate, unambiguous, complete, singular, feasible, verifiable, correct, and conforming — prescribed by ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148:2018 (E) to ensure the clarity, completeness, and consistency of individual requirements. The framework assesses requirements at various levels, including token, span, syntactic structure, and sentence levels, to determine compliance with the defined characteristics of well-formed requirements. Furthermore, this work introduces a quantitative metric, the well-formed requirement quality index, which amalgamates these nine characteristics into a scalar value within the range of [0, 1], thereby facilitating a comprehensive assessment of requirement quality. The efficacy of this framework is demonstrated through the evaluation of select requirements samples, offering a means to assess requirement quality and perform quantitative comparisons of individual requirements’ qualities.