bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic principles of drug--excipients interactions
Authors: Vranić Edina 
Published: May 2018

Excipients are generally considered inert additives included in drug formulation to help in the manufacturing, administration or absorption. Other reasons for inclusion concern product differentiation, appearance enhancement or retention of quality. Excipients can initiate, propagate or participate in chemical or physical interactions with an active substance, possibly leading to compromised quality or performance of the medication. Understanding the chemical and physical nature of excipients, the impurities or residues associated with them and how they may interact with other materials, or with each other, forewarns the pharmaceutical technologist of possibilities for undesirable developments.
The facts and doubts about beginning of the human life and personality
Authors: Kurjak Asim , Tripalo Ana 
Published: May 2018

“What a piece of work is a man!” William Shakespeare, Hamlet“To those of average curiosity about the wonders of nature, it is likely that two great mysteries have stirred the imagination; and each concerns a birth. Who has not gazed into the heavens on the starlit night and wondered about the birth of the universe? And who has not been stimulated by the sight of the newly born baby to the marvel at the unseen events within the mother’s uterus that have led to the birth of such a perfect creation?”(1) These words written by the Professor Sir Graham (Mont) Liggins open Pandora’s box of questions, dilemmas, doubts and controversies about human life and its beginning offering everybody lifelong challenge to solve mystery of life.Entering this filed scientists have been remiss in failing to translate science into the terms that allow mankind to share their excitement of discovering life before birth. Regardless to remarkable scientific development, curiosity, and speculations dating back to Hippocrates, life before birth still remains a big secret. Different kinds of intellectuals involved themselves trying to contribute to the solution of human life puzzle. They are led by the idea that each newborn child will only reach its full potential if its development in uterus is free from any adverse influence, providing the best possible environment for the embryo/foetus. Considering embryo/foetus, it should be always kept in mind amazing aspect of these parts of human life in which the mother and the embryo/foetus, although locked in the most intimate relationships, are at ALL TIMES two separate people. Accepting embryo/foetus as the person opened new set of questions about its personality and human rights. Today, synthesis between scientific data and hypotheses, philosophical thought, and issues in the humanities, has become pressing necessity in order to deal with ethical, juridical and social problems arising from man’s interference in many aspects and stages of life. (2)
Demonstration of different endocervical staining methods and their usefulness in the diagnosis of the chlamydial infection in exfoliated cells advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Mahmutović Sabina , Bešlagić Edina , Hamzić Sadeta , Aljicević Mufida 
Published: May 2018

Microscopic demonstration of chlamydial inclusions within cells offered the first laboratory procedure supporting the clinical diagnosis of chlamydial infection. Our aim is to evaluate the usefulness of different endocervical staining methods in diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection within exfoliated cells of the endocervix. The cytological test for the detection of chlamydial inclusions in genital tract infection, though not as sensitive and specific as isolation in the cell culture monolayers, is still of the diagnostic value. The present study discusses the collection of clinical smears for microscopic examination, their preparation; fixation and staining of slides by a variety of staining methods that have been used to detect Chlamydia in clinical smears and biopsies. Most of these methods such as Giemsa stain, Papanicolaou, iodine, and immunofluorescence (IF) using monoclonal antibodies, are based on the combination of dyes designed to obtain optimum differentiation of the various structures. The utilization of different endocervical smear stains together with the clinical information can be used to identify women at high risk for CT infection.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among women after the war in Sarajevo: a rationale for genetic study.
Authors: Oruč Lilijana , Kapur Lejla , Pojskić Naris , Čavaljuga Semra , Ivezić Slađana , Bell Pamela 
Published: May 2018

An exposure to extreme trauma events leads to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in up to 14-50% of war survivors. Recent findings suggest that genetic factors could play a certain role in PTSD development. In order to illustrate this possibility, we present results of a pilot study on gender specific sample of Sarajevo civilians immediately after the war cessation. During the period 1992-1995, Sarajevo civilians experienced continuous life threatening events with a great risk of developing PTSD in such conditions.Our study included 100 women adjusted to same socio-demographic characteristics. All women were interviewed using Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and divided into two groups (domestic and returnees) according to exposure length to extreme war life events of six or forty-three months. Above 50% of total analysed sample fulfilled criteria for PTSD. Regarding duration in trauma exposure no significant difference between these two groups were found. The only significant predictor found was physical abuse (p>0.01) that still cannot explain why some women develop PTSD while others not.Several years after the war, PTSD frequencies are decreased and disorder became chronic and more severe. However, the PTSD prevalence remains high when compared to general population rates. Therefore, Sarajevo population being exposed for almost four years to extreme war life events represents unique model for comparative research on PTSD etiology within the light of latest findings in molecular genetics of PTSD.
Serotesting of Human Brucellosis on Wider Area of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Hamzić Sadeta , Bešagić Edina , Zvizdić Šukrija , Aljičević Mufida , Bešlagić Omer , Puvačić Sandra 
Published: May 2018

The study involved 286 individuals from different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose sera were tested in the Laboratory for specific diagnosis of human brucellosis in Microbiology Department of Medical Faculty of University in Sarajevo, during the period from 2000. to 2003. Sera were tested using Brucelloslide Test, qualitative agglutination test Rose Bengal. Using the agglutination test, we serologically confirmed a diagnosis of human brucellosis in 59 (20.62%) seropositive individuals, whereof 38 (64.40%) men and 21 (35.60%) women. Individuals with human brucellosis were the most present in the age group of 31-40 (22.03%) and 41-50 (22.03%). One serologically confirmed death case was registered. The most seropositive individuals were from Zenica-Doboj Canton (32.20%), Sarajevo Canton (28.82%), Herzegovina-Neretva Canton (23.73%), Central Bosnia Canton (13.55%) and Una-Sana Canton (1.70%). During our four-year study, it was serologically confirmed that human brucellosis is present in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, through seropositive testing, we revealed the level of general exposition to Brucella spp. on wider area of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Oral Acute Toxicity of Polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) in Rats
Authors: Krošnjar Sanja , Todić Maida , Bakić Sanela , Begović Begler , Zulić Irfan , Vehabović Midhat 
Published: May 2018

Endogen phospholipids play a major role in determining the structure and nature of cell membranes. A deficiency of phospholipids in cellular membranes makes it almost impossible for the cell membrane to perform its function as a selective barrier between what passes in and out of the cell. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine chemical structure corresponds to that of endogen phospholipids, but it possesses functional superiority because of its content of unsaturated fatty acids. Polyenylphosphatidylcholine integrates in the cell membrane and organelle systems while becoming their constitutive elements. A healthy cell membrane leads to healthy cells and then healthy tissue and then to healthy organs or body systems and finally, healthy bodies and minds. For a long time, polyenylphosphatidylcholine in combination with vitamins has been used in the treatment of numerous health problems such as liver diseases, dyslipoproteinaemias and different intoxications with consequent liver failure. The main aim of toxicology studies is evaluation of the toxic potential and risks of human exposition to the substance. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) acute oral toxicity refers to those adverse effects occurring following oraladministration of a single dose of a substance or multiple doses given within 24 hours. LD50 (median lethal dose), oral, is a statistically derived single dose of a substance that can be expected to cause death in 50 per cent of animals when administered by the oral route. Our acute toxicity study was performed on albino Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in three experimental and one control group, each of 5 males and 5 females. Study was based on the administration of a single oral dose of the test substance (polyenylphosphatidylcholine) to each experimental animal. There were three dose-levels of the test substance: 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Test substance administration day was the first day of the observation period that lasted 14 days. Control animals were given milk vehicle. At the end of the study, no statistically significant differences between experimental and control animals were observed concerning the recorded parameters: body weight, respiratory rate, tremor, faeces and phonation quality, indicating the absence of the test substance acute toxicity.
Branching of Main Trunk of Left Coronary Artery and Importance of Her Diagonal Branch in Cases of Coronary Insuficiency
Authors: Lujinović Almira , Ovčina Fehim , Voljevica Alma , Hasanović Aida 
Published: May 2018

Proficiency in the anatomy of coronary arteries and their variations is significant for proper interpretation of the coronary angiographies, assessment of the complexity and result of the coronary insufficiency as well as surgical myocardium revascularization.
The objective of this study is anatomy-radiology research of the methods of branching the main trunk of left coronary artery and to prove importance of the diagonal branch (ramus diagonalis) existence in the conditions of coronary insufficiency. In this study we have analyzed 100 coronary angiographies done at the Clinic for Heart Diseases and Rheumatism of the Clinic Center of University of Sarajevo and dissected 20 human hearts from the Institute of Anatomy. In our study we have come upon two methods of branching of main trunk of left coronary artery (bifurcation and trifurca-tion). By the method of the angiography we have found the bifurcation in 71% of cases while 65% of cases were proved by the dissection method. Trifurcation has been discovered in 29% of cases of analyzed angiographies i.e. 35% of cases of dissected hearts. We believe that third terminal branch of the left coronary artery should be marked as ramus diagonalis. This branch, including its anastomoses, presents important pattern of the collateral blood flow, which has special meaning, under conditions of coronary insufficiency.
Peripheral nerve blocks for perioperative management of patients having orthopedic surgery or trauma of the lower extremity
Authors: Iwata Takashige , Lakshman Sundaram , Singh Alpana , Yufa Marina , Claudio Rich , Hadžić Admir 
Published: May 2018

Over the past decade several developments have lead to an increased interest in lower extremity PNBs including transient neurologic symptoms associated with spinal anesthesia, increased risk of epidural hematoma with the introduction of new antithromboembolic prophylaxis regimens, and evidence of improved rehabilitation outcome with continuous lower extremity PNBs. Simultaneously, the field of lower extremity blockade has been revolutionized through our better understanding of functional regional anesthesia anatomy, introduction of new drugs, better and more sophisticated equipment and wider teaching of lower extremity nerve block techniques. This review focuses on techniques and applications of lower extremity nerve blocks in patients having orthopedic surgery or trauma of the lower extremity, as well as potential complications and means to avoid them.
Embryogenesis of the rat telencephalon--a morphologic and stereologic analysis
Authors: Aličelebić Selma , Grbeša Đurđica 
Published: May 2018

Comparative researches of borderline between telencephalon neuroepithelium and its surrounding mesenchyme in successive early developing stages lack in literature. The aim of this investigation was to carry out systematic morphologic and stereologic analyses of rattelencephalon in early developmental stages. We analysed semithin (1 microm) serial sections of rat embryonic brain from the 12th (E12) to the 15th (E15) day of gestation. The surface densities (SV) of an external mesenchymal surface, an internal mesenchymal surface and a neuroepithelial (ventricular) surface were examined stereologically and compared. The surface density of the external mesenchymal surface was the biggest at E12 (4,05 mm-1) and the least at E15 (1,87 mm-1)-p<0,0005. The surface density of the internal mesenchymal surface was the biggest at E12 (4,02 mm-1) and the least at E15 (2,69 mm-1)-p<0,0005. The surface density of the internal neuroepithelial surface was the biggest at E12 (3,31 mm-1) and the least at E15 (2,01 mm-1)-p<<0,0005. Our stereological examines give objective numerical proof of significant morphogenetic changes in telencephalon shape described by morphologicanalyses. The major advantage of stereological methods is the possibility to carry out the estimation procedures in specified, well-defined brain regions or layers.
Nitric Oxide in Serum and Renal Tissue During Compensatory Renal Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Huskić Jasminko , Začiragić Asija , Babić Nermina , Mulabegović Nedžad 
Published: May 2018

Nitric oxide (NO) level in serum and renal tissue has been examined in 15 male Wistar rats, body weight 200-250 g, 7 days after unilateral nephrectomy. All rats were ether-anaesthetized and the kidneys were removed by dorsolateral approach. NO concentration in serum and renal tissue was determined by classic colorimetric Griess reaction. Conversion of NO(3)(2-) into NO(2)(2-) was done with elementary zinc. Results have shown that NO concentration in renal tissue is statistically higher in rats 7 days after unilateral nephrectomy then in control renal tissue before compensatory kidney growth (p<0,02). There is no difference between NO concentration in serum before unilateral nephrectomy and 7 days after nephrectomy. These findings suggest that NO may play an important role in mediating the hemodynamic changes associated with reduced renal mass.
Study of the Applicabilty of Content Uniformity and Dissolution Variation Test on Ropinirole Hydrochloride Tablets
Authors: Vranić Edina , Uzunović Alija 
Published: May 2018

When considering single-dose preparations, it is fundamental that the patient receives in his individual dose an amount of drug close to that claimed on the label. Since drug content and content uniformity of single-dose preparations depend on a number of processes associated with their manufacture, it is obviously unrealistic to expect every unit of product to possess exactly the same amount of the active ingredient. For that reason, pharmacopeial standards and specifications have been established to provide limits for permissible variations in the amount of active ingredient of individual single-dose units. The aim of our study was to determine the applicability of content uniformity and dissolution variation test on ropinirole hydrochloride tablets. According to the results obtained, we may conclude that analyzed ropinirole hydrochloride tablets satisfied pharmacopeial requirements concerning content uniformity and dissolution testing. In this case RSD tended to increase with the decrease of the labeled strength. It is obvious from the R1 value, as well. On the other side, if consider larger number of lots, analyzed by different assay methods and various sample preparation procedures this correlation is less pronounced. This may be a consequence of different assay techniques applied, HPLC, UV-D1 or UV
The Effects of Antenatal Corticosteroid Treatment on Intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage (IVH-PVH) of Premature Infants
Authors: Maksić Hajrija , Hadžagić-Ćatibušić Feriha , Heljić Suada , Dizdarević Jadranka 
Published: May 2018

Intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage (IVH-PVH) is the most frequent type of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants and the major cause of neurodevelopmental disabilities in children too.The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects of prenatal corticosteroid treatment on the incidence of IVH-PVH in premature infants.The study enrolled 163 prematures of 26-34 weeks’ gestation. They have been divided into two groups: the experimental group (80/163), who have been treated with corticosteroids prenatally and control group (83/163), who have not received such treatment.There is statistically significant difference in IVH-PVH incidence between the experimental group (18/80) and control group (32/83) (χ2 =5,616, p<0,05).There is no statistically significant difference in Apgar score after 5 minutes between the experimental group and control group of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 0,121.There is no statistically significant difference in mean gestation age between the experimental group (30,74 weeks) and control group (29,97 weeks) of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 1,299.There is no statistically significant difference in mean birth weight between the experimental group (1479,44 grams) and control group (1379,37 grams) of IVH-PVH prematures, t= 0,913.Antenatal corticosteroid treatment of premature infants reduced the incidence of IVH-PVH significantly. There is no statistically significant difference in Apgar score after 5 minutes, mean gestation age and mean birth weight between the experimental and control group of IVH PVH prematures.
Egy település, öt lakópark. Esettanulmány a szuburbanizáció hatásairól egy agglomerációs településen
Authors: Gyorgyovichné Koltay Elvira 
Published: May 2018

A hazai szuburbanizáció, mely a rendszerváltást követően jelentősen átalakította a hazai városkörnyéki tereket és így a budapesti agglomeráció településeit is, az elmúlt évtized végére megtorpanni látszott. Úgy tűnt, hogy a hazai szuburbanizáció egy fontos szakasza lezárult. Az utóbbi egy-két évben azonban a kiköltözések száma újra növekvő tendenciát mutat. Habár a szuburbanizáció mostani dinamikái még nem látszanak biztosan, ezek a folyamatok mégis apropót adnak hatásainak elemzésére. A szuburbanizáció egyik jellemzője a lakóparkok elterjedése a térségben, melyet eddig kevesen vizsgáltak. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy esettanulmány keretében mutassa be a lakópark-létesítések következményeit egy adott település életében.
Az esettanulmány helyszíne a budapesti agglomeráció északnyugati övezetében elhelyezkedő Piliscsaba, amely jellemzően magas társadalmi státuszú kiköltözők célpontja lett. A település a szuburbanizációnak köszönheti 2013-ban elnyert városi rangját és a területén felépült öt, egymástól típusban és történetileg is igen különböző lakóparkját. A településen két időpontban, 2009-ben és 2016-ban végzett kvalitatív és kvantitatív adatfelvétel lehetővé tette Piliscsaba és a különböző típusokba sorolt lakóparkok kapcsolatának longitudinális elemzését, kiemelve az egyes típusok és az adott lakóövezet integráltságának összefüggéseit.
Teachers’ Perceptions on Integration of Information Communication Technology in Teaching and learning in Secondary Schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Authors: Okendo Ogoti Evans 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the study was to establish teachers’ perception on integration of information communication technology in teaching and learning in secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. The study was guided by the Minimalism theory. The study utilized ex post facto research design. The target population included all private and public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County and all teachers in private and public secondary schools in the county. Stratified and simple random sampling procedures were to select the respondents for the study. The study utilized questionnaire and observation schedules for data collection. The study concluded that most of teachers in public and private secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County had favorable perceptions of availability of ICT infrastructure in their school, The study further concluded that both private and public secondary teachers in Uasin Gishu County had favorable perceptions of availability of plans for ICT integration in teaching in their school and that there is a significant relationship between public and private secondary teachers mean perception scores on ICT integration in Uasin Gishu County. the study recommended that the county Government of Uasin Gishu should provide ICT infrastructure in both private and public secondary schools and The principals and school managers in Uasin Gishu County should develop ICT integration plans at the school level which should inform the process of integrating the same in classroom teaching and learning.
Üçüncü basamak bir merkeze zehirlenme ile başvuran olguların değerlendirilmesi Kısa başlık: Zehirlenme olgularının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KESKİN Melikşah , SARI Eyüp , ŞENEL Saliha 
Published: May 2018

Giriş: Çocukluk çağı zehirlenmeleri çocukluk çağı sağlık sorunları arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadır.
Dünyada 5 yaş altı kazaların %7’sini zehirlenmeler oluşturmaktadır. Gelişmiş
ülkelerdeki çocuk
ölümlerinin
%2’si, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise %5’inden fazlası zehirlenmelere bağlı
oluşmaktadır. Materyal ve metodlar: Bu çalışma Dr. Sami Ulus Kadın-Doğum Çocuk
Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne 01 Ocak 2007- 31
Aralık 2007 tarihleri arasında zehirlenme şikayeti ile başvuran 607 çocuk olgunun verilerinin
değerlendirildiği tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Bulgular: Olguların 328’i (%54) erkek, 279’u (%46) kız
idi. Olguların yaş ortalaması 4,13±1,53 olarak bulundu. Zehirlenmelerin en sık
(n=144, %23,7) görüldüğü
yaş grubu 2-3 yaş idi.Zehirlenmelerin en sık görüldüğü ay Mayıs ayı idi. Zehirlenmelerin 580’i (%95,6) kaza, 27’si
(%4,4) intihar sebebi ile gerçekleşmişti. Zehirlenme nedenlerine göre sınıflandığında; Olguların 338’ünün (%55,7) tarımsal-endüstriyel ürünlerle,
193’ünün (%31,2) ilaçlar
ile, 48’inin (%7,9) besinler ile, 23’ünün (%3,8) karbonmonoksit ile, 2’sinin (%0.32
) hayvan ısırıkları ile ve 3’ünün (%0,5) bilinmeyen faktörlere bağlı olarak geliştiği saptandı.
Santral sinir sistemine etkili ilaçlar ile zehirlenme ilaç zehirlenmeleri içerisinde en sık (%29,5) görülen grup idi. Hastaların
%60’ı yatırılarak tedavi edildi. İlaç zehirlenmesi nedeni ile takip edilen bir
olgu eksitus ile sonuçlandı.

Sonuç: Zehirlenmelerin çoğu küçük yaş grubunda ve erkek çocuklarda kazaen
alımlarda görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, en doğru yaklaşım koruyucu tedbirlerin
arttırılmasıdır. Temizlik maddeleri ve ilaçlar ile oluşan zehirlenmeler sık
görülmektedir. Bu maddelerin ve ilaçların emniyetli yerlerde saklanması, ilaçların ve temizlik
maddelerinin kapaklarının çocukların açamayacağı
mekanizmalarla üretilmesi, temizlik maddelerinin yiyecek ve içecek kaplarında
saklanmaması konusunda ailelere eğitim verilmelidir. Riskli davranış sergileyen
adolesanlara psikolojik destek sağlanmalıdır.