bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical assessment of chest radiographs
Authors: Özşahin Esin , Boyan Neslihan , Kızılkanat Emine , Demir Şenay , Pelin Can , Soames Roger W. , Oğuz Özkan 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anatomical parameters and their measurement as seen on normal posteroanterior (PA) chest radiographs in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: We evaluated fifty normal PA chest radiographs of Turkish population adults. The frequency of anatomical parameters and their measurement with respect to the diaphragm was evaluated. Results: The frequency of anatomical parameters and their measurement with respect to the diaphragm is as follows: level (right side higher in 98%, left and right sides same level 2%), lobulation (88% absent, 12% present), eventration (98% absent, 2% present) and contour (90% smooth, 10% not smooth); level of hilum (right and left sides same level 52%, left side higher 36%, right side higher 12%); number of pairs of ribs (twelve 96%, unable to determine 4%); number of ribs superposing the lung parenchyma (seven 2%, eight 4%, nine 24%, ten 70%); distance from the lateral margin of the vertebral body to the aorta (16.44 ± 4.35 mm); angle between the vertebral body and the aorticopulmonary line (16.04 ± 3.110); the carina angle (58.46 ± 11.130) and the cardiothoracic ratio (38.75 ± 4.27).Conclusion: The data presented in this study may be useful in understanding normal thoracic structures. A knowledge of the normal anatomy as well as variations are significant for physicians in the assessment of chest radiographs.
Surgical approach to pediatric traumatic cataract
Authors: Çiloğlu Emine , Ünal Fikret 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was o evaluate our surgical approach in children who were operated due to traumatic cataract in our clinic.Material and Methods: By using anterior vitrector, lensectomy was performed in pediatric patients who have traumatic cataract. The patients who have capsular support, the intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in the capsular bag or in the sulcus and who do not have capsule support the IOL was implanted with sutureless intrascleral fixation method.Results: 21 eyes of 21 patients were included in the study. The mean age of the cases was 8.7 ±3.5 years. All of the cases had penetran injuries, and performed corneal suturation before due to the corneal perforation. Lensectomy was performed by using anterior vitrectomy probe in all patients. ln two patients, monoblock foldable IOL were implanted in the capsular bag, in 12 patients three-piece foldable IOL were implanted in the sulcus and in 4 patients three-piece foldable lens were implanted with intrascleral fixation. The combination of pars plana vitrectomy-lensectomy and three-piece foldable IOL implantation with intrascleral fixation were done in three patients because of retinal problem. Scleral tunnel was preferred to corneal tunnel for implantation of IOL.Conclusion: Lens capsule integrity was usually impaired in traumatic cataract cases. It may be not possible to do capsulorrhexis in these cases. Vitreous and fibrotic membrane are usually found in anterior chamber in these cases. It is considered that it is more appropriate to do lensectomy by using anterior vitrectomy probe instead of standard cataract surgery.
Çocukluk çağı akut myeloid lösemilerinde lamin protein gen ekspresyonu
Authors: Özkan Ayşe , Bayram İbrahim , Sezgin Gülay , Acıpayam Can , Küpeli Serhan , Tanyeli Atila 
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı çocukluk çağı akut myeloid lösemilerinde (AML) hücre çoğalması ve apoptozis ile ilgili yollarla bağlantılı olduğu düşünülen lamin A/C, lamin B1 ve lamin B2 proteinlerinin gen ekspresyon durumunun saptanması ve prognoz ile olan ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: AML tanısı alan 25 olgu ve 35 kontrol olgu çalışmaya alındı. Tanı anında ve indüksiyon tedavisi bitiminde lamin A/C, lamin B1 ve lamin B2 protein gen ekspresyonları Real Time-Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (RT-PCR) yöntemi ile çalışıldı. Bulgular: AML hastalarında, tanı anında bakılan lamin B1 protein gen ekspresyonu kontrol grubuna göre belirgin olarak düşük bulundu. İndüksiyon tedavisi sonrası bakılan lamin A/C ve B2 protein gen ekspresyonu, tanı anına göre anlamlı olarak düşük saptandı. Lamin B1’de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değişiklik saptanmadı. Hepatomegalisi olan AML hastalarında, hepatomegalisi olmayanlara göre lamin A/C, splenomegalisi olan AML hastalarında, splenomegalisi olmayanlara göre hem lamin A/C, hem de lamin B2 protein gen ekspresyonu artmış bulundu. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağı akut myeloid lösemilerinde, lamin B1 protein gen ekspresyonu, tanısal bir belirteç olarak, indüksiyon tedavisi sonrasında lamin A/C ve B2’nin azalması ise tedaviye alınan yanıtın bir göstergesi olarak kullanılabilir.
Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin doğum şekli tercihleri ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: TEKTAŞ Eliz , BOZKURT Gülçin , ERGİN Ezgi , SEZGİN Selma 
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin doğum şekline yönelik tercihlerini ve etkileyen faktörleri incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel özellikteki araştırma verileri 16 Şubat-10 Mart 2018 tarihleri arasında elde edildi. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesinde, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim döneminde okuyan 469 öğrenci oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formu kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20.07±1,56 yıl, %81.7’si kadın ve %38.2’si ebelik bölümünde okumakta idi. Öğrencilerin %82.5’sinin normal doğumla doğduğu, %87.8’inin normal doğumu tercih ettiği saptandı. İsteğe bağlı sezaryen yapılması gerektiğini belirtenlerin (%53.9) sezaryen doğumu daha fazla tercih ettiği belirlendi. Doğuma yönelik bilgisi olan (%87.2) öğrencilerin daha çok normal doğumu tercih ettiği saptandı. Sonuç: Öğrencilerinin çoğunluğu normal doğumu tercih etmektedir. İsteğe bağlı sezaryen önerenler, sezaryen doğumu daha fazla tercih etmektedir. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültelerinde okuyan öğrencilere gebelik ve doğuma yönelik eğitimler verilmesi, müfredat programlarının buna göre düzenlenmesi önerilebilir.
Serebral palsili çocuklarda spastisitenin myotonometri ile değerlendirilmesi ve spastisitede elektrik stimulasyonun etkinliği
Authors: HAVUÇ Safine , AYDENİZ Ali , BAŞARAN Sibel 
Published: September 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı spastik serebral palsili çocuklarda myotonometre ile gastrokinemius kasının biyomekanik özelliklerini (tonus, elastisite, sertlik) değerlendirmek ve elektrik stimulasyonun kas tonusu, elastisite ve sertlik üzerine etkinliğini göstermektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Spastik serebral palsili 40 hasta (11 diplejik, 16 quadriplejik, 13 hemiplejik) ve yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi eşleşen 20 sağlıklı kontrol değerlendirildi. Diplejik/quadriplejik hastaların ve sağlıklı kontrollerin bilateral, hemiplejik hastaların ise paralitik taraflarının medial ve lateral gastrokinemius kasının tonusu, elastisitesi ve sertliği MyotonPro cihazı ile ölçüldü. Spastisite Ashworth skalası ile, fonksiyonel seviyeleri Kaba Motor Fonksiyon Sınıflama Sistemi ile değerlendirildi. Serebral palsili hasta grubunun 66 ekstremitesinden elde edilen ölçümler, sağlıklı grubun 40 ekstremitesinden elde edilen ölçümlerle karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Serebral palsili hasta grubundan 18 hastanın (31 ekstremite) gastrokinemius kasına 5 gün elektrik stimulasyon tedavisi uygulandı. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası ölçümler tekrarlandı. Elektrik stımulasyonu sonrası medial ve lateral gastrokinemius kasında tonus ve sertlikte anlamlı azalma, elastisitede ise anlamlı artış görüldü. Ashworth skoru da anlamlı olarak azalmakla birlikte Ashworth skoru ile myotonometrik değerler arasında korelasyon yoktu. Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonucunda, elektrik stimulasyonu uygulaması ile kas tonusu, elastisite ve sertlik değerlerinde iyileşme sağlandı. MyotonPro’nun serebral palsili çocuklarda spastisitenin değerlendirilmesinde ve tedavi etkinliğinin ölçülmesinde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.
Hyperosmolar dextrose injections for treatment of Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: TAMAM Cüneyt 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative, not an inflammatory, condition. It is one of the most frequently injured tendons in the human body despite its strength, due to repetitive strain acting on the tendon. Hyperosmolar dextrose injections also called prolotherapy, is a regenerative injection technique using stimulation of regenerative processes for treatment of chronic musculoskeletal conditions . The aim of study was to investigate the effect of prolotherapy in patients with non-insertional Achilles tendinopathy in terms of pain.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study is comprised of 18 consecutive patients above 18 years of age, who were diagnosed as Achilles tendinopathy. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain intensity in the last 24 h. Injections were applied to tender points in the subcutaneous tissues adjacent to the affected tendon. All evaluations were done before treatment, at 4weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. Results: The study sample consisted of 18 adults (12 female and 6 male). Subjects’ ages ranged from 18 to 52 years, with a mean age of 34.89 ± SD 12.04 years. A statistically significant improvement in the VAS scale was demonstrated. Conclusion: Hyperosomolar dextrose injections, irrespective of dextrose concentration is an efficient alternative regenerative treatment modality for achilles tendinopathy. Thus, it should be considered as a treatment option for chronic musculoskeletal conditions, particularly tendinopaties.
The Role of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on the Oxidative Stress Levels, Genotoxicity and Lineage Commitment Potential of Ex Vivo Murine Haematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Hamid Zariyantey A. , Tan Hui Y. , Chow Paik W. , Harto Khairul A. W. , Chan Chin Y. , Mohamed Jamaludin 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The ex vivo maintenance of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) is crucial to ensure a sufficient supply of functional cells for research or therapeutic applications. However, when exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a normoxic microenvironment, HSPCs exhibit genomic instability which may diminish their quantity and quality. This study aimed to investigate the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on the oxidative stress levels, genotoxicity and lineage commitment potential of murine haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Methods: This study was carried out at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between June 2016 and July 2017. Bone marrow cells were isolated from nine mice and cultured in a growth medium. Various concentrations of NAC between 0.125–2 μM were added to the culture for 48 hours; these cells were then compared to non-supplemented cells harvested from the remaining three mice as the control group. A trypan blue exclusion test was performed to determine cell viability, while intracellular ROS levels and genotoxicity were determined by hydroethidine staining and comet assay, respectively. The lineage commitment potential of erythroid, myeloid and pre-B-lymphoid progenitor cells was evaluated via colony-forming cell assay. Results: NAC supplementation at 0.25, 0.5 and 2 μM significantly increased cell viability (P <0.050), while intracellular ROS levels significantly decreased at 0.25 and 0.5 μM (P <0.050). Moreover, DNA damage was significantly reduced at all NAC concentrations (P <0.050). Finally, the potential lineage commitment of the cells was not significantly affected by NAC supplementation (P >0.050). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that NAC supplementation may potentially overcome the therapeutic limitations of ex vivo-maintained HSPCs.Keywords: Hematopoietic Stem Cells; N-acetylcysteine; Reactive Oxygen Species; DNA Damage; Cell Lineage.
Asthma Clinics in Primary Healthcare Centres in Oman: Do they make a difference?
Authors: Al-Mahrezi Abdulaziz , Baddar Sawsan , Al-Siyabi Sheikha , Al-Kindi Safaa , Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Al-Rawas Omar 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of newly established asthma clinics (ACs) on asthma management at primary healthcare centres (PHCs) in Oman. Methods: This retrospective crosssectional study was conducted between June 2011 and May 2012 in seven PHCs in the Seeb wilayat of Muscat, Oman. All ≥6-year-old asthmatic patients visiting these PHCs during the study period were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed to determine which clinical assessment and management components had been documented. Results: A total of 452 asthmatic patients were included in the study. The mean age was 35 ± 21 years old (range: 6–95 years) and the majority (57%) were female. In total, 288 (64%) cases were managed at ACs and 164 (36%) were managed at general clinics (GCs). Significant differences were noted in the documentation of cases managed at ACs compared to those at GCs, including history-taking information regarding signs and symptoms (91% versus 19%; P <0.001), trigger factors (79% versus 16%; P <0.001) and a history of atopy (81% versus 17%; P <0.001), smoking (61% versus 7%; P <0.001), asthma exacerbations (73% versus 10%; P <0.001) or previous admissions (63% versus 10%; P <0.001). Furthermore, prescription rates of inhaled corticosteroids (72% versus 61%; P = 0.021) and short-acting β-agonists (93% versus 82%; P = 0.001) were significantly higher at ACs compared to GCs. Conclusion: Overall, the findings indicated that ACs have had a positive impact on asthma management at the studied PHCs.Keywords: Asthma; Disease Management; Patient Compliance; Medical History Taking; Medical Records; Documentation; Oman.
Daytime Sleepiness Among Young Adult Omani Car Drivers
Authors: Al-Abri Mohammed A. , Al-Adawi Samir , Al-Abri Ibrahim , Al-Abri Faisal , Dorvlo Atsu , Wesonga Ronald , Jaju Sanjay 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Sleepiness and fatigue play significant roles in exacerbating the occurrence of car crashes. However, there is a dearth of studies examining the prevalence of sleepiness while driving among Omanis. This study aimedto determine the proportion of young Omani adults who confess to daytime sleepiness while driving and to investigate associations between gender, daytime sleepiness and risk of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). Methods: This cross-sectional study took place at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, between May and July 2014 and included 600 young adult Omani non-commercial drivers. The Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were distributed among the participants, along with additional questions about their sleeping habits. Associations between daytime sleepiness while driving and nocturnal sleep duration, risk of OSAS and gender were determined. Results: A total of 492 private vehicle drivers took part in the study (response rate: 82%), of which 50.4% were male. Overall, 124 Omanis (25.2%) reported experiencing daytime sleepiness while driving at least once per month. There was a significant association between nocturnal sleep duration of <6 hours and sleepiness while driving (P = 0.042). Female participants were significantly more likely to score >10 on the ESS, indicating a greater propensity for daytime sleepiness (P = 0.006). However, male drivers were significantly more likely to report sleepiness while driving (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Sleepiness while driving was common among young male drivers in Oman and might be due to nocturnal sleep deprivation. Further studies are needed so that preventative measures can be developed.Keywords: Motor Vehicles; Traffic Accidents; Sleep; Fatigue; Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; Oman.
Evaluation of Mitotic Figures and Cellular and Nuclear Morphometry of Various Histopathological Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparative study using crystal violet and Feulgen stains
Authors: Kesarkar Kashmira , Tamgadge Avinash , Peirera Treville , Tamgadge Sandhya , Gotmare Swati , Kamat Pooja 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to quantitatively estimate the number of mitotic figures (MFs) and evaluate the cellular and nuclear features of various histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using Feulgen and 1% crystal violet stains. Methods: This case-control study took place at the Dr D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, between June and December 2016. A total of 51 samples were retrieved from the hospital archives. Of these, 15 well-differentiated, 15 moderately-differentiated and six poorly-differentiated OSCC samples formed the case group while 15 samples of normal gingival mucosa constituted the control group. Each sample was dyed using Feulgen and 1% crystal violet stains and the mitotic count, nuclear area (NA), cellular area (CA), nuclear perimeter (NP), cellular perimeter (CP) and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio was calculated using computeraided morphometry techniques. Results: The number of MFs visible per field was significantly higher in Feulgen-stained sections as compared to those stained with crystal violet (P = 0.050). In addition, the NA, NP, CA and CP values and N/C ratios of samples in the experimental group increased significantly in accordance with an increase in OSCC grade (P <0.001). Conclusion: The Feulgen stain is more reliable than 1% crystal violet in terms of the selective staining of MFs. Moreover, the findings of this study indicate that computer-based morphometric analysis is an effective tool for differentiating between various grades of OSCC.Keywords: Crystal Violet; Feulgen Stain; Mitotic Index; Image Cytometry; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Oral Cancers.
Epidemiology, Outcomes and Coronary Angiography Findings of Patients Following Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A single-centre experience from Oman
Authors: Nadar Sunil K. , Mujtaba Mohammed , Al-Hadi Hafidh , Sadiq Muhammed , Al-Riyami Adil , Ali Mehar , Al-Lawati Hatim 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. However, data regarding the management and outcomes of affected patients are lacking in the Middle East. The current study aimed to present the angiographic findings and outcomes of patients presenting with OHCA in Muscat, Oman. Methods: This retrospective study took place between January 2012 and December 2016 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman. All adult patients who presented following an OHCA to the Emergency Department of SQUH during the study period were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected from electronic medical records. Results: A total of 216 patients were included in the study. The majority (63.9%) presented after having collapsed, while 22.3% presented with chest pains. Asystole was the most frequent initial cardiac rhythm (62.5%), with only 10% having ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation. Very few patients (1.4%) had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to presentation. In total, 85 patients (39.4%) returned to spontaneous circulation (RSC); of these, post-RSC electrocardiography revealed an ST-segment elevation in 41.2% and normal findings in 23.5%. There were 63 patients who underwent coronary angiography, with 28 requiring stenting. Overall, 13% of patients survived and were discharged, although three survivors suffered permanent hypoxic brain damage. Conclusion: The overall survival rate of patients who had experienced an OHCA was low. Education programmes should focus on the benefits of immediate CPR for individuals experiencing an OHCA, with more opportunities for CPR training to be made available to the general public in Oman.Keywords: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Patient Outcome Assessment; Survival Rate; Coronary Angiography; Oman.
Arabic Translation, Validation and Cultural Adaptation of the 7-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in Two Community Samples
Authors: Alhadi Ahmad N. , Alarabi Mohammed A. , Alshomrani Abdulaziz T. , Shuqdar Raafat M. , Alsuwaidan Mohammad T. , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: Depression is a common mental disorder, the severity of which is frequently assessed via interview-based clinical scales such as the 7-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-7). The current study aimed to translate and examine the validity of an Arabic version of the HAMD-7 scale. Methods: This study took place between February and March 2016 in the Psychiatry Department of King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The HAMD-7 scale was translated into Arabic using forward and backward translation methods. A total of 153 Arabic speakers were recruited to test the translated scale, including 57 medical students and 96 members of the general public. The Arabic version of the HAMD-7 scale was completed by trained investigators during face-toface interviews with the participants. In order to assess convergent validity, participants also completed an Arabicversion of the self-assessed Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale. Subsequently, the test-retest reliability of the translated HAMD-7 scale was evaluated two weeks later during a second interview. Results: Overall, HAMD-7 scores were positively correlated with PHQ-9 scores (r = 0.633–0.749). Moreover, the translated HAMD-7 scale proved to be reliable in terms of test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient: 0.807; P <0.001). With regards to internal consistency, the Cronbach’s α values ranged between 0.607–0.756. Conclusion: The Arabic HAMD-7 scale was found to be reliable and valid among two samples of Arabic speakers in Saudi Arabia. However, further research among Arab-speaking patients diagnosed with depression is needed in order to establish its usefulness in assessing the severity of depressive symptoms.Keywords: Psychiatry; Depression; Psychometrics; Validity and Reliability; Translation; Questionnaire Design; Saudi Arabia.
The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure: A prospective comparative study of undergraduate medical students’ and interns’ perceptions in Oman
Authors: Prashanth Gowda P. , Ismail Salim K. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to assess perceptions of the educational environment in Oman among medical undergraduate students and interns using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) tool. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2016 and April 2017 at the Oman Medical College (OMC), Sohar, Oman. A total of 737 medical undergraduate students and interns from the OMC and College of Medicine & Health Sciences of Sultan Qaboos University in Muscat, Oman, were invited to complete the DREEM questionnaire in the form of an online survey. Mean overall scores, subscale scores and individual item scores were subsequently compared between undergraduate students and interns. Results: A total of 418 undergraduate students and interns completed the survey (response rate: 56.7%). The mean overall DREEM score was 130.75 ± 12.69. While interns had higher mean DREEM scores than undergraduate students, this difference was not significant (133.00 ± 17.64 versus 128.50 ± 15.53; P = 0.326). The mean score percentages for the perceptions of learning (66.7% versus 58.3%; P = 0.028) and perceptions of teachers (75% versus 68.2%; P = 0.038) subscales were significantly higher among OMC interns compared to undergraduate students from the same college. The perceptions of the environment subscale received the lowest mean score percentages among undergraduate students and interns from both colleges. Conclusion: Overall, medical undergraduate students and interns viewed the educational environment in Oman in a positive light. It is possible that undergraduate students’ perceptions of the educational environment may become more favourable as they progress with their medical career and become interns.Keywords: Medical Education; Undergraduate Medical Students; Internships; Perceptions; Oman.