bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probing the Martensitic Microstructure of Magnetocaloric Heusler Films by Synchrotron Diffraction
Authors: Schwabe Stefan , Schleicher Benjamin , Niemann Robert , Hühne Ruben , Walter Peter , Nielsch Kornelius , Waske Anja , Fähler Sebastian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFirst‐order, magnetocaloric materials are promising for energy efficient solid‐state cooling because of their high entropy changes, but they have the drawback of a hysteresis due to the nucleation and growth of the involved phases. Here, synchrotron based X‐ray diffraction is used to investigate epitaxial Ni−Mn−Ga−Co thin films grown on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.72Ti0.28O3(PMN‐PT). This integral method is used to test several hypotheses regarding structure and orientation of the martensite, whose nucleation was proposed to be the decisive contribution to hysteresis in Heusler materials. The measurements are compared to a recently proposed model of the martensitic nuclei, combining the phenomenological martensite theory with the adaptive concept. This investigation demonstrates that the diffraction patterns are consistent with a martensitic nucleus built from 8 variants forminga‐blaminates. Additionally, it is shown that in accordance with the surface morphology of these films only a subset of nuclei occur, namely those needed to form type X martensite.
Investigation of Diamine Cross‐Linker on Semi‐IPNs of BPPO/SPEEK Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Liu Xupo , Zhang Yunfeng , Chen Yazhou , Li Cuicui , Dong Jiaming , Wang Jiaying , Yang Zehui , Cheng Hansong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLow methanol permeability is one of the most critical factors for proton exchange membranes utilized in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer chains are interpenetrated into the semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) constructed by the alkylation reaction between bromobenzyl groups of bromomethylated poly(phenylene oxide) and amine groups of 2,2′‐(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) cross‐linker. The influences of crosslinking network contents on the key properties of SPEEK membranes are systematically investigated. Dimensional stability and methanol‐permeability resistance are enhanced as the increase of the crosslinking network contents. The relative selectivity is significantly improved due to the largely reduced methanol permeability. The DMFC assembled by the membrane with 20 wt.% crosslinking networks demonstrates four times higher power output than the Nafion 117 DMFC in 5 M methanol solution.
Solution‐Processable Design of Fiber‐Shaped Wearable Zn//Ni(OH)2 Battery
Authors: Chen Ruyi , Shi Peipei , Gong Yujiao , Yu Chenyang , Hua Li , Li Li , Zhou Jinyuan , Xu Ting , Zhang Yani , Sun Gengzhi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe rising of flexible and potable electronics urgently calls for matchable and miniaturized energy storage system as power supply. Herein, we develop a solution‐processable method to fabricate Ni@Ni(OH)2 fiber to design an all‐solid‐state fiber‐shaped Zn//Ni(OH)2 battery. This battery exhibits a high open circuit voltage of 1.75 V which is close to the theoretical value, considerable discharge capacity of 704 μAh cm−3 at current density of 0.5 A g−1, good rate capability with 75 % capacity retention when the discharge current increases from 0.5 A g−1 to 5 A g−1 and good cycling stability (92 % capacity retention after 2000 charge‐discharge cycles). Furthermore, the device performance remains unchanged under bending conditions, showing good flexibility and stability. It is believed that our design provides a promising strategy to fabricate long fiber‐shaped Zn//Ni(OH)2 battery as power supply for wearable electronics in future practical applications.
Bioaccumulation and toxicity of uranium, arsenic, and nickel to juvenile and adult Hyalella azteca in spiked sediment bioassays
Authors: Goulet Richard R. , Thompson Patsy 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Uranium (U) mining and milling release arsenic (As), nickel (Ni) and U to receiving waters, which accumulate in sediments. The objective of the present study was to investigate if As, Ni, and U concentrations in tissue residue of Hyalella azteca, overlying water, sediment porewater, and solids could predict juvenile and adult survival and growth in conditions similar to lake sediments downstream of U mines and mills. We conducted 14-d static sediment toxicity tests spiked with U, As, and Ni salts. For U, we spiked uranyl nitrate with sodium bicarbonate to limit U precipitation once in contact with circumneutral sediment. The median lethal concentrations for As, Ni, and U of juveniles and adults based on measured concentrations in sediments were 134 and 165 μg/g, 370 and 787 μg/g, and 48 and 214 μg/g, respectively. Adult survival and growth linearly decreased with increasing bioaccumulation. For juveniles, metal accumulation linearly predicted survival. We calculated median lethal body concentrations for juveniles and adults of 5 and 36 μg As/g, 14 and 49 μg Ni/g, and 0.4 and 1.0 μg U/g. The concentrations of As, Ni, and U in tissue residue leading to a 20% decrease in adult growth were 32 μg As/g, 44 μg Ni/g, and 1 μg U/g. Overall, the present study showed that U was the most toxic element, followed by As and Ni; that juveniles were more sensitive to the 3 metals tested than adults; and that threshold body concentrations can support assessment of benthic invertebrate community impairment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2340–2349. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Delivery of ROS Generating Anthraquinones Using Reduction‐Responsive Peptide‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Richard Pascal U. , Craciun Ioana , Gaitzsch Jens , Weiner Lev , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: May 2018

In order to limit the side effects associated with antitumor drugs such as doxorubicin, nanosized drug‐delivery systems capable of selectively delivering and releasing the drug in the diseased tissue are required. We describe nanoparticles (NPs), self‐assembled from a reduction responsive amphiphilic peptide, capable of entrapping high amounts of a redox active anticancer drug candidate and releasing it in presence of a reducing agent. This system shows a high entrapment efficiency with up to 15 mg drug per gram of peptide (5.8 mol‐%). Treatment of the NPs with reducing agent results in the disassembly of the NPs and release of the drug molecules. A reduction in cell viability is observed at drug concentrations above 250 nm in HEK293T and HeLa cell lines. This drug delivery system has potential for targeting tumor sites via the EPR effect while taking advantage of the increased reduction potential in tumor microenvironment.
Numerical modelling of stream–aquifer interaction: Quantifying the impact of transient streambed permeability and aquifer heterogeneity
Authors: Zhou Dan , Zhang Ye , Gianni Guillaume , Lichtner Peter , Engelhardt Irina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStream–aquifer interaction plays a vital role in the water cycle, and a proper study of this interaction is needed for understanding groundwater recharge, contaminants migration, and for managing surface water and groundwater resources. A model‐based investigation of a field experiment in a riparian zone of the Schwarzbach river, a tributary of the Rhine River in Germany, was conducted to understand stream–aquifer interaction under alternative gaining and losing streamflow conditions. An equivalent streambed permeability, estimated by inverting aquifer responses to flood waves, shows that streambed permeability increased during infiltration of stream water to aquifer and decreased during exfiltration. Aquifer permeability realizations generated by multiple‐point geostatistics exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity and anisotropy. A coupled surface water groundwater flow model was developed incorporating the time‐varying streambed permeability and heterogeneous aquifer permeability realizations. The model was able to reproduce varying pressure heads at two observation wells near the stream over a period of 55 days. A Monte Carlo analysis was also carried out to simulate groundwater flow, its age distribution, and the release of a hypothetical wastewater plume into the aquifer from the stream. Results of this uncertainty analysis suggest (a) stream–aquifer exchange flux during the infiltration periods was constrained by aquifer permeability; (b) during exfiltration, this flux was constrained by the reduced streambed permeability; (c) the effect of temporally variable streambed permeability and aquifer heterogeneity were found important to improve the accurate capture of the uncertainty; and (d) probabilistic infiltration paths in the aquifer reveal that such pathways and the associated prediction of the extent of the contaminant plume are highly dependent on aquifer heterogeneity.
A resolved discrepancy between multiplex PCR and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification by targeted next‐generation sequencing discloses a novel partial exonic deletion in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene
Authors: Liu Chang , Deng Huiting , Yang Cheng , Li Xixi , Zhu Yanrong , Chen Xiangfa , Li Hui , Li Shuo , Cui Hao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Tan Xiaoyue , Li Dong , Zhang Zhujun 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe genetic diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has been complicated by the large size of the gene and its heterogeneous mutational spectrum. Multiplex PCR and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) are two well‐established mutation screening methods. Here, we applied targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to clarify discrepant results between multiplex PCR and MLPA in a Chinese patient with DMD.MethodsMLPA was performed to confirm multiplex PCR results obtained previously. Targeted NGS was then used to analyze the full‐length DMD gene including introns.ResultsMultiplex PCR had previously identified an apparent deletion of exon 43 in the patient with DMD, but current MLPA indicated that exon 43 was present. Targeted NGS to clarify the genetic diagnosis identified a novel mutation, c.6241_c.6290 + 1109del1159insAC, which caused partial deletion of exon 43. This mutation removed the annealing sequence of the exon 43 reverse primer in multiplex PCR but had no influence on the hybridization site of the MLPA probe. Therefore, the discrepancy between the two methods was caused by partial exonic deletion that escaped MLPA detection.ConclusionTargeted NGS disclosed a novel partial exonic deletion in the DMD gene as the cause of discrepancy between multiplex PCR and MLPA. Targeted NGS could be used to provide a more accurate genetic diagnosis of DMD, particularly in cases of partial exonic deletions, which will be of benefit in patient management and the identification of disease carriers.
Automated analysis for differentiating leukocytes in body fluids using the software “biological liquid application” on ADVIA2120/2120i hematology analyzer
Authors: Falda Alessandra , Doretto Paolo 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionWe evaluated the “Biological liquid application ADVIA2120” software for differentiating the percentage of polymorphonucleated (%PMN) and mononucleated cells (%MN) in ascitic, pleural, and peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid.MethodsBiological fluid test results of 193 specimens obtained by automated methods (87 with and 106 without dedicated software) were compared with May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa (MGG) stained blood smears. Limit of detection (LoD) and quantitation (LoQ), repeatability, and inaccuracy were assessed.ResultsGood agreement between the automated methods with dedicated software and the manual method for %PMN and %MN was obtained for leukocyte differentiation in ascitic and pleural fluids, while correlation with the manual method for PD fluid was poor, both with and without the dedicated software.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the automated differentiation of leukocytes with dedicated software on the ADVIA2120 analyzer for body fluids is a good alternative to the microscopic reference method for peritoneal and pleural specimens, but not for PD fluids.
MALDI coupled to modified traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry for fast enantiomeric determination
Authors: Nachtigall Fabiane M. , Rojas Moises , Santos Leonardo S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, the use of MALDI traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TWIMS‐MS) for stereoselective structural analysis of direct cleavage and identification of 2‐substituted piperidines obtained through solid‐phase asymmetric synthesis by using heterogeneous 8‐phenylmenthyl‐based chiral auxiliary resins. A strategy for gas‐phase chiral and structural characterization of small molecular weight molecules by using MALDI‐IMS‐MS technique is discussed. Because both MALDI and IMS do not directly offer chiral resolution, an easy methodology by adding a chiral phase is described to carry out in situ online ion/molecule complexation with different chiral analytes inside the mass spectrometer. Piperidine enantiomers were resolved, and separation obtained shows dependence of surface areas. To corroborate this assumption and elucidate the separation mechanism to accomplish an analytical technique by which fast determination of the chirality of molecules may be determined for a wide range organic compound applications, it was performed DFT calculations to determine the cross‐sectional areas of proton‐bound dimer complexes. Drift times are affected by cross‐sectional areas, correlating bigger times with bigger molecular volumes during the ion mobility experiments of proton‐bound dimer complexes.
Stabilization of the lumbar spine by spinal muscle forces producing compressive follower loads: 3‐dimensional computational study
Authors: Foresto Tianjiao , Song InO , Kim Byeong Sam , Lim Tae‐Hong 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAxial compressive loads whose direction changes along the spinal curvature (so called compressive follower loads (CFLs)) was postulated as a normal physiological load in the lumbar spine in the literature. Computational analyses were conducted in this study using finite element and optimization models of the spinal system incorporating 244 fascicles of back muscles. It was feasible to find optimum solutions for spinal muscle forces generating CFLs in the lumbar spine in 3‐D postures of neutral standing, flexion 40°, extension 10°, axial rotation 10°, or lateral bending 30°. FE analyses demonstrated that the lumbar spine can be in a stable condition not under all CFL generating muscle forces but under those producing CFLs along a curve parallel to the spinal curvature located in the vicinity of the base spinal curve constructed by connecting the geometrical centers of the vertebral bodies. It was also possible to estimate the stable range of the relative location of such CFL curve to the base spinal curve. These results suggest that the lumbar spine in various 3‐D postures can be stabilized by spinal muscles that generate CFLs in the spine, which at least in part supports the hypothesis of CFLs as a physiological load in the lumbar spine. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3004–3012, 2018.
Fracture healing in a collagen‐induced arthritis rat model: Radiology and histology evidence
Authors: Hu Yiping , Zhang Tiantian , Huang Huan , Cheng Wenxiang , Lai Yuxiao , Bai Xueling , Chen Jianhai , Yue Ye , Zheng Zhengtan , Guo Chengshan , Qin Ling , Zhang Peng 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThis research was designed to investigate the fracture healing pattern in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rat model. A mid‐shaft femur fracture (RA + F) model and normal fracture (NF) model as control were established. Micro‐CT, H&E staining, TB staining, SO staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphates, and immunohistochemistry test were performed. In the micro‐CT images and H&E stains, fracture gaps were evident in the RA + F group 4 and 8 weeks after fracture. In detail, the bone mineral density, the ratio of bone volume to tissue volume, and trabecular thickness of the RA + F group were significantly lower than those of the NF group at all time points. Trabecular number value was significantly lower in the RA + F group 4 weeks after surgery in comparison with that of the NF group. Furthermore, the structure model index test result of the RA + F group was significantly higher than that of the NF group at all time points. TB staining and SO staining test results showed that the NF group had more cartilaginous callus in the earlier stage of bone healing process (4 weeks), and less cartilage callus formation in the later stage (8 weeks) in comparison with that of the RA + F group. Osteoclasts statistics score in the NF group were obviously lower than that of the RA + F group at all time points. MMP‐3 and OPN protein levels of the fracture area in the RA + F group were significantly higher than those in the NF group. This study improves the understanding of the bone healing characteristics in patients with RA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2876–2885, 2018.
Comparative evaluation of subgingivally delivered 1.2% rosuvastatin and 1% metformin gel in treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pankaj Dileep , Sahu Ipshita , Kurian Ida Grace , Pradeep A. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to explore and compare the clinical efficacy of locally delivered 1.2% Rosuvastatin (RSV) and 1% Metformin (MF) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients.MethodsA total of 90 volunteers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups; 1) SRP plus placebo gel; 2) SRP plus 1.2% RSV gel; 3) SRP plus 1% MF gel. Clinical parameters like modified sulcus bleeding index (mSBI), plaque index (PI), pocket probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months and the radiologic assessment of bone defect fill was performed at 6 and 12 months.ResultsmSBI, BP, PD, and CAL were improved in all the groups, however mean reductions in PD, CAL gain, and percentage of bone fill was found to be higher in RSV and MF groups than placebo group at all visits.ConclusionAdjunctive use of locally delivered 1.2% RSV and 1% MF gel stimulates a significant PD reduction, CAL gains and improved bone fill when compared with placebo gel. Results were significantly better with the use of 1.2% RSV gel than 1% MF gel.
Association of clinical measures of periodontal disease with blood pressure and hypertension among postmenopausal women
Authors: Gordon Joshua H. , LaMonte Michael J. , Genco Robert J. , Zhao Jiwei , Cimato Thomas R. , Hovey Kathleen M. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundHypertension and periodontal disease are common conditions among postmenopausal women. Periodontal disease has been found associated with hypertension in previous studies, but data in postmenopausal women is limited.MethodsWe assessed the cross‐sectional associations of clinically measured periodontal disease with prevalent hypertension and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) among 1341 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative‐Observational Study.ResultsClinical attachment level (CAL) and number of teeth missing were positively associated with SBP among those not taking antihypertensive medication in crude and multivariable adjusted linear regression models (both P < 0.05). Alveolar crestal height (ACH) and gingival bleeding on probing were associated with higher SBP in crude but not multivariable adjusted models. Neither probing pocket depth (PPD) nor severity categories of periodontitis were associated with SBP. Number of teeth missing was significantly associated with prevalent hypertension in crude and multivariable adjusted models (OR = 1.14, per 5 teeth; P = 0.04). ACH was associated with prevalent hypertension in crude but not adjusted models. CAL, PPD, gingival bleeding, and severity of periodontitis were not significantly associated with prevalent hypertension.ConclusionsThese results suggest that measures of oral health including CAL and number of teeth missing are associated with blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate these associations and the potential underlying mechanisms for these relationships.
Prospective study of the impact of peri‐implant soft tissue properties on patient‐reported and clinically assessed outcomes
Authors: Bonino Francesca , Steffensen Bjorn , Natto Zuhair , Hur Yong , Holtzman Lucrezia Paternò , Weber Hans‐Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt has been proposed that the presence of a zone of keratinized mucosa (KM) around implants is associated with less discomfort during brushing and improved esthetic outcomes. Therefore, mucogingival procedures have been recommended for patients with discomfort during brushing, and to enhance esthetic results around implants without KM. However, no study has systematically assessed and compared discomfort during brushing, patient soft tissue esthetic satisfaction, and other clinical parameters between implants with and without KM.MethodsGroup 1 included patients with implants surrounded by KM, whereas patients in Group 2 had no KM around implants. Patient discomfort during brushing and esthetic satisfaction were measured with a visual analog scale and compared between the 2 groups using a mixed model. Clinical width of KM, probing depth, peri‐implant recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing were compared within and between groups 3 and 6 months following implant restoration.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (12 in each group) were evaluated at the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up visits. Patients without peri‐implant KM were less satisfied with the esthetics of the soft tissue around their implants (P < 0.01). However, lack of KM was not associated with discomfort during brushing. In Group 1, width of KM was significantly increased after 6 months (P < 0.01). There was greater recession around implants without KM after 3 months (P < 0.01), but not after 6 months.ConclusionsPatients reported that presence or absence of keratinized mucosa did not affect discomfort associated with brushing. Yet, esthetically, patients preferred implants with a zone of keratinized mucosa.
Characterization of novel mutants of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with various depths of purple grain color and antioxidant capacity
Authors: Hong Min Jeong , Kim Dae Yeon , Nam Bo Mi , Ahn Joon‐Woo , Kwon Soon‐Jae , Seo Yong Weon , Kim Jin‐Baek 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDWheat grain is recognized as a rich source of nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibers and antioxidants. In recent years, the focus of wheat breeding has been to increase the content of bioactive compounds to improve human health and prevent diseases.RESULTSFive novel wheat mutant lines with variable seed color were developed using gamma irradiation of hexaploid wheat inbred line K4191 (purple seed color). The total anthocyanin contents of three mutant lines (L47, L167 and L925) were significantly higher than those of wild‐type lines, including K4191 and ‘Keumkang’ (white seed color). L925 showed the highest total anthocyanin content, and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside was presented as the most predominant anthocyanin. Compared with ‘Keumkang’, the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes was significantly up‐regulated in purple seed mutant lines. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in L925 extracts. The expression of a few antioxidant‐related genes and total anthocyanin content were positively correlated with antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in wheat grains contribute to the antioxidant potential.CONCLUSIONPurple grain color is associated with higher anthocyanin accumulation and antioxidant capacity in wheat. Wheat mutants developed in this study may serve as a valuable source of antioxidants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry