bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esthetics in periodontics and implantology
Authors: Zucchelli Giovanni , Sharma Praveen , Mounssif Ilham 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeriodontal plastic surgery comprises an increasing part of clinical periodontology. Clinical trials have traditionally used professionals to judge esthetic outcome, and few studies have addressed patient needs and requests (true end points). Development of universally accepted and validated methods for professional esthetic assessment, together with standardized questionnaires for patient‐perceived outcome, may help to provide better insights into the true needs and benefits of periodontal and implant‐associated plastic surgery. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, experienced researchers and clinicians from different subdisciplines of periodontology evaluate: treatment of gingival recession with or without papilla elevation; clinical crown lengthening in the natural dentition and in prosthodontic preparative treatment; periodontal regeneration around natural teeth; and soft‐tissue augmentation in edentulous areas. Similarly, experts in different areas of implant science address esthetic outcomes with single and multiple implant rehabilitation, alveolar ridge preservation, implant positioning and immediate implant placement in the esthetic zone.
Inference and the taking condition
Authors: Kietzmann Christian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt has recently been argued that inference essentially involves the thinker taking his premises to support his conclusion and drawing his conclusion because of this fact. However, this Taking Condition has also been criticized: If taking is interpreted as believing, it seems to lead to a vicious regress and to overintellectualize the act of inferring. In this paper, I examine and reject various attempts to salvage the Taking Condition, either by interpreting inferring as a kind of rule‐following, or by finding an innocuous role for the taking‐belief. Finally, I propose an alternative account of taking, according to which it is not a separate belief, but rather an aspect of the attitude of believing: Believing that p implies not only taking p to be true and taking oneself to believe that p, but also taking one's reasons q to support p, when the belief in question is held on account of an inference.
The use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in oral injuries of a pediatric patient with myelodysplastic syndrome: case report
Authors: de Melo Maria Cecília Freire , Silva de Macedo Thuanny , Biserra Julianelly Alves , Rodrigues Karina Luz Cavalcanti , Cruz Mônica , Vidal Aurora Karla de Lacerda 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo report a case of a pediatric patient carrier of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with severe oral infectious disease, in which antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was used as a therapeutic choice to support systemic treatment.Methods and ResultsThis case report refers to a 1‐year‐old male patient with MDS and hospitalized for investigation and treatment of complications at a Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Center in Recife/PE, Brazil. The intraoral examination revealed a violaceous lesion surrounding the lower incisor teeth, which progressed with alteration of color to milky yellowish white, compromising the entire lower gingival border, leading to tooth mobility and consequent loss of teeth 71 and 81. The patient was treated under systemic antimicrobial therapy and aPDT was also performed, using a photosensitizing agent (methylene blue, 0.01%) and a low‐intensity laser in the visible red spectrum. Oral clinical improvement was observed, but the patient died after 45 days of hospitalization in the Pediatric ICU due to other systemic complications.ConclusionMDS may present limiting oral repercussions interfering in patients’ quality of life. The aPDT is presented as an adjuvant therapeutic modality in oral infections with satisfactory results.
Survival analysis of dogs with advanced primary lung carcinoma treated by metronomic cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide
Authors: Polton G. , Finotello R. , Sabattini S. , Rossi F. , Laganga P. , Vasconi M. E. , Barbanera A. , Stiborova K. , Rohrer Bley C. , Marconato L. 
Published: March 2018

Unresectable or metastatic (advanced) primary pulmonary carcinoma (PPC) represents a therapeutic challenge where surgery may be contraindicated and the therapeutic role of maximum‐tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study was undertaken to explore the impact of metronomic chemotherapy (MC) in dogs with advanced PPC. Previously untreated dogs with advanced (T3 or N1 or M1) PPC, with complete staging work‐up and follow‐up data, receiving MC (comprising low‐dose cyclophosphamide, piroxicam and thalidomide), surgery, MTD chemotherapy or no oncologic treatment were eligible for inclusion. For all patients, time to progression (TTP) and survival time (ST) were evaluated. Quality‐of‐life (QoL) was only evaluated in patients receiving MC. To assess QoL, owners of dogs receiving MC were asked to complete a questionnaire before and during treatment.Ninety‐one dogs were included: 25 received MC, 36 were treated with surgery, 11 with MTD chemotherapy and 19 received no treatment. QoL was improved in dogs receiving MC. Median TTP was significantly longer in patients receiving MC (172 days) than patients undergoing surgery (87 days), receiving MTD chemotherapy (22 days), or no oncologic treatment (20 days). Median ST was similarly longer in patients receiving MC (139 days) than those undergoing surgery (92 days), MTD chemotherapy (61 days) and no oncologic treatment (60 days). In dogs with advanced PPC, MC achieved a measurable clinical benefit without significant risk or toxicity. This makes MC a potential alternative to other recognized management approaches.
Repeat patient testing shows promise as a quality control method for veterinary hematology testing
Authors: Flatland Bente , Freeman Kathleen P. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundRepeat patient testing‐based quality control (RPT‐QC) is a potential method for veterinary laboratories (eg, that have a limited budget for quality commercial control material [QCM] or that wish to use material with a species‐specific matrix).ObjectivesTo determine whether total error (TEa), probability of error detection (Ped), and probability of false rejection (Pfr) similar to that achievable with QC materials can be controlled using RPT‐QCMethodsControl limits (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, and PLT) for the Advia 120 (n = 23) and scil Vet ABC (n = 22) were calculated using data from normal canine specimens from a routine caseload. Specimens were measured at accession and again after 24 hours. Control limits were validated using 23 additional canine specimens tested similarly. Achievable TEa, Ped, and Pfr were investigated using the Westgard EZRules3 and compared to those achievable with commercial QCM.ResultsTheoretical performance of RPT‐QC and commercial QCM‐QC are similar for 1‐3s with both n = 1 and 1‐3s with n = 2 for all measurands and both instruments. Achievable TEa values for RPT‐QC were close to ASVCP recommendations for most measurands; exceptions were PLT (both instruments) and WBC (scil Vet ABC).ConclusionsRepeat patient testing‐based quality control advantages include a species‐specific matrix, low‐cost, and absence of QC material deterioration over time (since a fresh specimen is used each day). A potential disadvantage is daily access to normal canine specimens. A challenge is determining control limits, which has a subjective element. Further study is needed to confirm actual RPT‐QC performance and to determine if RPT‐QC with abnormal patient specimens is feasible.
Factors associated with a second deferral among donors eligible for re‐entry after a false‐positive screening test for syphilis, HCV, HBV and HIV
Authors: Grégoire Y. , Germain M. , Delage G. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesSince 25 May 2010, all donors at our blood centre who tested false‐positive for HIV, HBV, HCV or syphilis are eligible for re‐entry after further testing. Donors who have a second false‐positive screening test, either during qualification for or after re‐entry, are deferred for life. This study reports on factors associated with the occurrence of such deferrals.Materials and MethodsRates of second false‐positive results were compared by year of deferral, transmissible disease marker, gender, age, donor status (new or repeat) and testing platform (same or different) both at qualification for re‐entry and afterwards. Chi‐square tests were used to compare proportions. Cox regression was used for multivariate analyses.ResultsParticipation rates in the re‐entry programme were 42·1%: 25·6% failed to qualify for re‐entry [different platform: 2·7%; same platform: 42·9% (P < 0·0001)]. After re‐entry, rates of deferral for second false‐positive results were 8·4% after 3 years [different platform: 1·8%; same platform: 21·4% (P < 0·0001)]. Deferral rates were higher for HIV and HCV than for HBV at qualification when tested on the same platform. The risk, when analysed by multivariate analyses, of a second deferral for a false‐positive result, both at qualification and 3 years after re‐entry, was lower for donors deferred on a different platform; this risk was higher for HIV, HCV and syphilis than for HBV and for new donors if tested on the same platform.ConclusionRe‐entry is more often successful when donors are tested on a testing platform different from the one on which they obtained their first false‐positive result.
Loss of GABAB‐mediated interhemispheric synaptic inhibition in stroke periphery
Authors: Kokinovic Bojana , Medini Paolo 
Published: March 2018

Key points
Recovery from the potentially devastating consequences of stroke depends largely upon plastic changes occurring in the lesion periphery and its inputs.
In a focal model of stroke in mouse somatosensory cortex, we found that the recovery of sensory responsiveness occurs at the level of synaptic inputs, without gross changes of the intrinsic electrical excitability of neurons, and also that recovered responses had longer than normal latencies.
Under normal conditions, one somatosensory cortex inhibits the responsiveness of the other located in the opposite hemisphere (interhemispheric inhibition) via activation of GABAB receptors.
In stroke‐recovered animals, the powerful interhemispheric inhibition normally present in controls is lost in the lesion periphery.
By contrast, contralateral hemisphere activation selective contributes to the recovery of sensory responsiveness after stroke.
AbstractRecovery after stroke is mediated by plastic changes largely occurring in the lesion periphery. However, little is known about the microcircuit changes underlying recovery, the extent to which perilesional plasticity occurs at synaptic input vs. spike output level, and the connectivity behind such synaptic plasticity. We combined intrinsic imaging with extracellular and intracellular recordings and pharmacological inactivation in a focal stroke in mouse somatosensory cortex (S1). In vivo whole‐cell recordings in hindlimb S1 (hS1) showed synaptic responses also to forelimb stimulation in controls, and such responses were abolished by stroke in the neighbouring forelimb area (fS1), suggesting that, under normal conditions, they originate via horizontal connections from the neighbouring fS1. Synaptic and spike responses to forelimb stimulation in hS1 recovered to quasi‐normal levels 2 weeks after stroke, without changes in intrinsic excitability and hindlimb‐evoked spike responses. Recovered synaptic responses had longer latencies, suggesting a long‐range origin of the recovery, prompting us to investigate the role of callosal inputs in the recovery process. Contralesional S1 silencing unmasked significantly larger responses to both limbs in controls, a phenomenon that was not observed when GABAB receptors were antagonized in the recorded area. Conversely, such GABAB‐mediated interhemispheric inhibition was not detectable after stroke: callosal input silencing failed to change hindlimb responses, whereas it robustly reduced recovered forelimb responses. Thus, recovery of subthreshold responsiveness in the stroke periphery is accompanied by a loss of interhemispheric inhibition and this is a result of pathway‐specific facilitatory action on the affected sensory response from the contralateral cortex.
Ultrasonography of the nail unit reveals quantitative and qualitative alterations in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Idolazzi Luca , Gisondi Paolo , Fassio Angelo , Viapiana Ombretta , Giollo Alessandro , Rossini Maurizio , Girolomoni Giampiero , Gatti Davide 
Published: March 2018

Aims: The nail unit is a matter of interest both for dermatologist and rheumatologist. The nail is considered one of the possible targets of assessment, especially when ultrasonography is performed. The aim of the study is to highlight peculiar features and alterations of the nail unit in patients affected by psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis versus healthy controls using ultrasonography.Materials and methods: The study sample included 82 patients affected by psoriasis and/or psoriatic arthritis and 50 healthy controls. The patients were consecutively enrolled during their routine visit in the outpatient clinic and they performed clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of the nail. The evaluationof disease activity was done using Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Psoriasis Activity Severity Index (PASI), and Nail Psoriasi Severity Index (NAPSI).Results: Multivariate analysis of variance was performed between groups. Post hoc analysis underlined the differences between healthy and affected regarding nail plate thickness (0.063±0.011 cm for patients with psoriasis, 0.065±0.014 cm for patients with psoriatic arthritis and 0.051±0.006 cm for healthy controls, p<0.05). Elementary lesions of nail plate and nail bed were compared using Pearson’s chi square test between patients in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis groups, with no differences except for a trend for onycholisis and crumbling (p=0.07 and 0.06, respectively) in the psoriatic arthritis group. ROC curves were calculated (AUC = 0.68) obtaining also quantitative cut offs for nail plate andnail bed thickness in the affected vs healthy patients.Conclusions: Our study shows that ultrasonography may be a potential advantage in clinical practice. Our results strengthen the information already available in the literature and add quantitative parameters for ultrasonography of the nail.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PrrF1 and PrrF2 Small Regulatory RNAs Promote 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolone Production through Redundant Regulation of the
antR
mRNA
Authors: Djapgne Louise , Panja Subrata , Brewer Luke K. , Gans Jonathan H. , Kane Maureen A. , Woodson Sarah A. , Oglesby-Sherrouse Amanda G. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen that requires iron for growth and virulence. Under low-iron conditions,
P. aeruginosa
transcribes two highly identical (95%) small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), PrrF1 and PrrF2, which are required for virulence in acute murine lung infection models. The PrrF sRNAs promote the production of 2-akyl-4(1
H
)-quinolone metabolites (AQs) that mediate a range of biological activities, including quorum sensing and polymicrobial interactions. Here, we show that the PrrF1 and PrrF2 sRNAs promote AQ production by redundantly inhibiting translation of
antR
, which encodes a transcriptional activator of the anthranilate degradation genes. A combination of genetic and biophysical analyses was used to define the sequence requirements for PrrF regulation of
antR
, demonstrating that the PrrF sRNAs interact with the
antR
5′ untranslated region (UTR) at sequences overlapping the translational start site of this mRNA. The
P. aeruginosa
Hfq protein interacted with UA-rich sequences in both PrrF sRNAs (

K
d

[dissociation constant] = 50 nM and 70 nM). Hfq bound with lower affinity to the
antR
mRNA (0.3 μM), and PrrF was able to bind to
antR
mRNA in the absence of Hfq. Nevertheless, Hfq increased the rate of PrrF annealing to the
antR
UTR by 10-fold. These studies provide a mechanistic description of how the PrrF1 and PrrF2 sRNAs mediate virulence traits, such as AQ production, in
P. aeruginosa
.

IMPORTANCE
The iron-responsive PrrF sRNAs play a central role in regulating
P. aeruginosa
iron homeostasis and pathogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms by which PrrF regulates gene expression are largely unknown. In this study, we used genetic and biophysical analyses to define the interactions of the PrrF sRNAs with Hfq, an RNA annealer, and the
antR
mRNA, which has downstream effects on quorum sensing and virulence factor production. These studies provide a comprehensive mechanistic analysis of how the PrrF sRNAs regulate virulence trait production through a key mRNA target in
P. aeruginosa
.
Dynamics of Tissue-Specific CD8
+
T Cell Responses during West Nile Virus Infection
Authors: Aguilar-Valenzuela Renan , Netland Jason , Seo Young-Jin , Bevan Michael J. , Grakoui Arash , Suthar Mehul S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The mouse model of West Nile virus (WNV), which is a leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis worldwide, has provided fundamental insights into the host and viral factors that regulate viral pathogenesis and infection outcome. In particular, CD8
+
T cells are critical for controlling WNV replication and promoting protection against infection. Here, we present the characterization of a T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic mouse with specificity for the immunodominant epitope in the WNV NS4B protein (here referred to as transgenic WNV-I mice). Using an adoptive-transfer model, we found that WNV-I CD8
+
T cells behave similarly to endogenous CD8
+
T cell responses, with an expansion phase in the periphery beginning around day 7 postinfection (p.i.) followed by a contraction phase through day 15 p.i. Through the use of
in vivo
intravascular immune cell staining, we determined the kinetics, expansion, and differentiation into effector and memory subsets of WNV-I CD8
+
T cells within the spleen and brain. We found that red-pulp WNV-I CD8
+
T cells were more effector-like than white-pulp WNV-I CD8
+
T cells, which displayed increased differentiation into memory precursor cells. Within the central nervous system (CNS), we found that WNV-I CD8
+
T cells were polyfunctional (gamma interferon [IFN-γ] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), displayed tissue-resident characteristics (CD69
+
and CD103
+
), persisted in the brain through day 15 p.i., and reduced the viral burden within the brain. The use of these TCR-transgenic WNV-I mice provides a new resource to dissect the immunological mechanisms of CD8
+
T cell-mediated protection during WNV infection.

IMPORTANCE
West Nile Virus (WNV) is the leading cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis worldwide. There are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines for use in humans to treat or prevent WNV infection. CD8
+
T cells are critical for controlling WNV replication and protecting against infection. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of a novel TCR-transgenic mouse with specificity for the immunodominant epitope in the WNV NS4B protein. In this study, we determine the kinetics, proliferation, differentiation into effector and memory subsets, homing, and clearance of WNV in the CNS. Our findings provide a new resource to dissect the immunological mechanisms of CD8
+
T cell-mediated protection during WNV infection.
Neuroretinal atrophy following resolution of macular oedema in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Podkowinski Dominika , Philip Ana-Maria , Vogl Wolf-Dieter , Gamper Jutta , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Gerendas Bianca S , Haj Najeeb Bilal , Waldstein Sebastian M , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: March 2018

Background/aimsTo characterise neuroretinal atrophy in retinal vein occlusion (RVO).MethodsWe included patients with central/branch RVO (CRVO=196, BRVO=107) who received ranibizumab according to a standardised protocol for 6 months. Retinal atrophy was defined as the presence of an area of retinal thickness (RT) <260 µm outside the foveal centre. Moreover, the thickness of three distinct retinal layer compartments was computed as follows: (1) retinal nerve fibre layer to ganglion cell layer, (2) inner plexiform layer (IPL) to outer nuclear layer (ONL) and (3) inner segment/outer segment junction to retinal pigment epithelium. To characterise atrophy further, we assessed perfusion status on fluorescein angiography and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and compared these between eyes with/without atrophy.Results23 patients with CRVO and 11 patients with BRVO demonstrated retinal atrophy, presenting as sharply demarcated retinal thinning confined to a macular quadrant. The mean RT in the atrophic quadrant at month 6 was 249±26 µm (CRVO) and 244±29 µm (BRVO). Individual layer analysis revealed pronounced thinning in the IPL to ONL compartment. Change in BCVA at 6 months was similar between the groups (BRVO, +15 vs +18 letters; CRVO, +14 vs +18 letters).ConclusionsIn this exploratory analysis, we describe the characteristics of neuroretinal atrophy in RVO eyes with resolved macular oedema after ranibizumab therapy. Our analysis shows significant, predominantly retinal thinning in the IPL to ONL compartment in focal macular areas in 11% of patients with RVO. Eyes with retinal atrophy did not show poorer BCVA outcomes.
Clustering of risk factors and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease in Asian and Caucasian populations: results from the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration
Authors: Peters Sanne A E , Wang Xin , Lam Tai-Hing , Kim Hyeon Chang , Ho Suzanne , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Knuiman Matthew , Vaartjes Ilonca , Bots Michael L , Woodward Mark 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between risk factor clusters and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in Asian and Caucasian populations and to estimate the burden of CVD attributable to each cluster.SettingAsia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration.ParticipantsIndividual participant data from 34 population-based cohorts, involving 314 024 participants without a history of CVD at baseline.Outcome measuresClusters were 11 possible combinations of four individual risk factors (current smoking, overweight, blood pressure (BP) and total cholesterol). Cox regression models were used to obtain adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for CVD associated with individual risk factors and risk factor clusters. Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up of 7 years, 6203 CVD events were recorded. The ranking of HRs and PAFs was similar for Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and Asia; clusters including BP consistently showed the highest HRs and PAFs. The BP–smoking cluster had the highest HR for people with two risk factors: 4.13 (3.56 to 4.80) for Asia and 3.07 (2.23 to 4.23) for ANZ. Corresponding PAFs were 24% and 11%, respectively. For individuals with three risk factors, the BP–smoking–cholesterol cluster had the highest HR (4.67 (3.92 to 5.57) for Asia and 3.49 (2.69 to 4.53) for ANZ). Corresponding PAFs were 13% and 10%.ConclusionsRisk factor clusters act similarly on CVD risk in Asian and Caucasian populations. Clusters including elevated BP were associated with the highest excess risk of CVD.