bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wandering Behaviors and Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Bowen Mary Elizabeth , Rowe Meredeth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of wandering associated with preserved versus worsened activities of daily living (ADL) function.DesignLongitudinal prospective design. Twenty-two cognitively impaired residents of an assisted living facility with over 450 observations were followed up to 8 months.MethodsHierarchical linear modeling techniques examine how wandering activity (episodes, distance traveled, gait speed), measured by a real-time locating system, may affect ADL (the Barthel index, the Functional Independence Measure [FIM]).FindingsWandering episodes were associated with increased ADL (B= 0.11,p≤ .05, FIM); wandering distance (B= −4.52,p≤ .05, the Barthel index;B= −2.14,p≤ .05, FIM) was associated with decreased ADL.ConclusionWalking an average of 0.81 miles per week with 18 or fewer wandering episodes is associated with decreased ability to perform ADL.Clinical RelevanceTailored protocols that allow productive wandering with ongoing assessment for fatigue/other physiological needs to appropriately limit distance walked within wandering episodes are needed for this population.
The impact of age on the innate immune response and outcomes after severe sepsis/septic shock in trauma and surgical intensive care unit patients
Authors: Brakenridge Scott C. , Efron Philip A. , Stortz Julie A. , Ozrazgat-Baslanti Teczan , Ghita Gabriela , Wang Zhongkai , Bihorac Azra , Mohr Alicia M. , Brumback Babette A. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Moore Frederick A. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDAdvancing age is a strong risk factor for adverse outcomes across multiple disease processes. However, septic surgical and trauma patients are unique in that they incur two or more inflammatory insults. The effects of advanced age on sepsis pathophysiology and outcomes remain unclear.METHODSWe performed a single-center, prospective observational cohort study of surgical intensive care unit patients with severe sepsis/septic shock. Peripheral blood was collected for genomic, cytokine, and biomarker analysis at 0.5 day, 1 day, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days after sepsis onset. Based on sensitivity analysis, cohorts were defined as “young” (<55 years) and “aged” (≥55 years). We compared age-defined cohorts to determine differences in patient characteristics, biomarker profiles, and clinical outcomes.RESULTSThe cohort included 173 patients with severe sepsis (n = 93; 53.8%) or septic shock (n = 80; 46.2%), with a mean age of 60.9 (±14.5) years. Intra-abdominal sepsis was the leading source (n = 81; 46.8%), followed by necrotizing soft tissue infection (n = 33, 19.1%) and pneumonia (n = 30; 17.3%). Aged patients had a higher comorbidity burden, but were otherwise similar to the young cohort. The aged cohort had a higher severity of early physiologic derangement (median APACHE II, 23 vs. 18;p= 0.002), greater incidence of multiple organ failure (64.3% vs. 40.4%,p= 0.006), and hospital mortality (15.9% vs. 2.1%;p= 0.016). Six-month mortality was significantly higher in the aged cohort as compared with young cohort (31% vs. 9%;p= 0.003). Aged septic patients biomarker trajectories suggestive of persistent immunosuppression (absolute lymphocyte count, soluble programed death ligand-1) and catabolism (Urine 3MH-Cr ratio, insulin growth factor, IGF1BP3, albumin) out to 28 days after sepsis.CONCLUSIONAged, critically ill surgical patients have greater organ dysfunction and incidence of adverse clinical outcomes after sepsis. Biomarker profiles suggest an immunophenotype of persistent immunosuppression and catabolism. Advanced age may necessitate novel therapeutic strategies to promote multisystem organ recovery and improve survival after sepsis.LEVEL OF EVIDENCEPrognostic, level II.
Clinical Predictors of Response to Magnetic Seizure Therapy in Depression
Authors: Kayser Sarah , Bewernick Bettina H. , Wagner Stefanie , Schlaepfer Thomas E. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives
Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is a novel convulsive brain stimulation method in clinical testing, which is used as an alternative for electroconvulsive therapy in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Preliminary studies have suggested that MST leads to fewer cognitive adverse effects than electroconvulsive therapy but has similar efficacy. However, the clinical predictors of response to MST have not been evaluated yet. This study aimed to investigate whether these predictors can be identified in patients with TRD.

Methods
Thirty-eight patients with TRD were included. As clinical predictors for treatment response, we used the diagnosis, sex, age, family history, and severity of depression, as well as the melancholic, psychotic, anxiety, and atypical depression symptoms. A response was defined as an improvement higher than 50% on the 28-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The binary logistic regression, stepwise linear regression, and effect sizes were calculated.

Results
We found that 68.4% of the patients responded to MST. The responders had significantly fewer previous depressive episodes, less severe depression, and fewer melancholic (anhedonia) and anxiety symptoms than the nonresponders. In addition, responders were more likely to have a positive family history of depression than nonresponders. In particular, the number of previous episodes and a family history of depression were significant predictors of the response to MST.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that the chronicity, severity, and family history of depression, as well as the presence of melancholic and anxiety symptoms, can serve as clinical predictors of the response to MST. Further research with a larger sample size will be required to verify these preliminary findings.
Stability of local secondary structure determines selectivity of viral RNA chaperones
Authors: Bravo Jack P.K. , Borodavka Alexander , Barth Anders , Calabrese Antonio N. , Mojzes Peter , Cockburn Joseph J.B. , Lamb Don C. , Tuma Roman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo maintain genome integrity, segmented double-stranded RNA viruses of theReoviridaefamily must accurately select and package a complete set of up to a dozen distinct genomic RNAs. It is thought that the high fidelity segmented genome assembly involves multiple sequence-specific RNA-RNA interactions between single-stranded RNA segment precursors. These are mediated by virus-encoded non-structural proteins with RNA chaperone-like activities, such as rotavirus NSP2 and avian reovirus σNS. Here, we compared the abilities of NSP2 and σNS to mediate sequence-specific interactions between rotavirus genomic segment precursors. Despite their similar activities, NSP2 successfully promotes inter-segment association, while σNS fails to do so. To understand the mechanisms underlying such selectivity in promoting inter-molecular duplex formation, we compared RNA-binding and helix-unwinding activities of both proteins. We demonstrate that octameric NSP2 binds structured RNAs with high affinity, resulting in efficient intramolecular RNA helix disruption. Hexameric σNS oligomerises into an octamer that binds two RNAs, yet it exhibits only limited RNA-unwinding activity compared to NSP2. Thus, the formation of intersegment RNA-RNA interactions is governed by both helix-unwinding capacity of the chaperones and stability of RNA structure. We propose that this protein-mediated RNA selection mechanism may underpin the high fidelity assembly of multi-segmented RNA genomes inReoviridae.
Reactivation of latent HIV-1in vitrousing an alcoholic extract fromEuphorbia umbellata(Euphorbiaceae) latex
Authors: Valadão Ana Luiza Chaves , Pezzuto Paula , Silva Viviane A. Oliveira , Gonçalves Barbara Simonson , Rossi Átila Duque , Cunha Rodrigo Delvecchio da , Siani Antonio Carlos , Tostes João Batista de Freitas , Trovó Marcelo , Damasco Paulo , Gonçalves Gabriel , Reis Rui Manuel , Santana de Aguiar Renato , Bento Alves de Melo Cleonice , Tanuri Amilcar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEuphorbia umbellata (E. umbellata)belongs toEuphorbiaceaefamily, popularly known as Janauba, and contains in its latex a combination of phorbol esters with biological activities described to different cellular protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. Here, we identified deoxi-phorbol esters present inE. umbellatalatex alcoholic extract able to increase HIV transcription and reactivate HIV from latency models. This activity was mediated by NF-kB activation followed by nuclear translocation and binding to HIV LTR promoter. In addition,E. umbellatelatex extract induced the production of pro inflammatory cytokines together with IL21 inin vitrohuman PBMC cultures. Our latex extract activates latent HIV in human PBMCs isolated from HIV positive patients as well as latent SIV in non-human primate primary CD4+T lymphocytes. These results strongly indicate that the phorbol esters present inE. umbellatalatex are promising candidate compounds for future clinical trials forshock and killtherapy to promote HIV cure and eradication.
Thought Control Failure: Sensory Determinants and Functional Effects
Authors: Kwok Eugene Lee , Leys Gaelle , Koenig-Robert Roger , Pearson Joel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe ability to control one’s thoughts is important for mental wellbeing, attention, focus, future planning and ideation. While there is a long history of research into thought control, the inherent subjectivity of thoughts has made objective investigation, and thus mechanistic understanding difficult. Here, we report a novel method to empirically investigate thought control success and failure by objectively measuring the sensory strength of visual thoughts. We use the perceptual illusion binocular rivalry to assess emergent images in mind during two common thought control strategies: thought suppression and thought substitution. Thought suppression was ineffective, suppressed thoughts primed subsequent rivalry dominance at the same level as intentionally imagined thoughts. This priming effect was disrupted by concurrent uniform luminance and changes in retinotopic location, suggesting early visual representations/traces. While individuals showed some metacognition of thought suppression, strikingly, the perceptual effects remained even when thoughts were reported as successfully suppressed, indicating these thoughts may exist outside of reportable awareness. In contrast, thought substitution was more effective in controlling the perceptual effects and showed good metacognition. A thought control index predicted greater levels of trait mindfulness, while high levels of anxiety and schizotypy were related to poor thought control. Overall, our findings offer a novel method to track thoughts before and after they emerge into awareness and suggest that non-reportable and involuntary thoughts form visual representations pivotal to thought control failure.
HIV-1 specifically traps CD9 and CD81 tetraspanins within viral buds and induces their membrane depletion
Authors: Dahmane Selma , Doucet Christine , Gall Antoine Le , Chamontin Célia , Dosset Patrice , Murcy Florent , Fernandez Laurent , Pastene Desirée Salas , Rubinstein Eric , Mougel Marylène , Nollmann Marcelo , Milhiet Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYHIV-1 assembly specifically alters both partitioning and dynamics of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 forming enriched areas where the virus buds. Importantly the presence of these proteins at exit sites and in viral particles inhibits virus-induced membrane fusion. To get molecular insights into tetraspanins partitioning in this viral context, we correlated nanoscale CD9 mapping obtained by super resolution microscopy to membrane topography probed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We demonstrated that CD9 is specifically trapped within the nascent viral particles, especially at buds tips, and that Gag mediate CD9 and CD81 depletion from cellular surfaces, even in the absence of Vpu and Nef, resulting from tetraspanins escaping from the plasma membrane during HIV-1 release. In addition, we showed that CD9 is organized as small membrane assemblies of few tens of nanometers that can coalesce upon Gag expression. Our results support a functional redundancy among tetraspanins during HIV release.
Spotlight on islands: on the origin and diversification of a new lineage of the Italian wall lizardPodarcis siculusin the western Pontine Islands
Authors: Gabriele Senczuk , Katja Havenstein , Valentina Milana , Chiara Ripa , Emanuela De Simone , Ralph Tiedemann , Riccardo Castiglia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGroups of proximate continental islands may conceal more tangled phylogeographic patterns than oceanic archipelagos as a consequence of repeated sea level changes, which allow populations to experience gene flow during periods of low sea level stands and isolation by vicariant mechanisms during periods of high sea level stands. Here, we describe for the first time an ancient and diverging lineage of the Italian wall lizardPodarcis siculusfrom the western Pontine Islands. We used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences of 156 individuals with the aim of unraveling their phylogenetic position, while microsatellite loci were used to compare several a priori insular biogeographic models of migration with empirical data. Our results suggest that the western Pontine populations colonized the islands early during their Pliocene volcanic formation, while populations from the eastern Pontine Islands seem to have been introduced recently. The inter-island genetic makeup indicates an important role of historical migration, probably due to glacial land bridges connecting islands followed by a recent vicariant mechanism of isolation. Moreover, the most supported migration model predicted higher gene flow among islands sharing a longitudinal arrangement. Considering the threatened status of small insular endemic populations, we suggest this new evolutionarily independent unit be given priority in conservation efforts.
Dimer arrangement and monomer flattening determine actin filament formation
Authors: Hoyer Maria , Correia Jose Rafael Cabral , Lamb Don C. , Crevenna Alvaro H. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTActin filament dynamics underlie key cellular processes, such as cell motility. Although actin filament elongation has been extensively studied under the past decades, the mechanism of filament nucleation remains unclear. Here, we immobilized gelsolin, a pointed-end nucleator, at the bottom of zero-mode waveguides to directly monitor the early steps of filament assembly. Our data revealed extensive dynamics and that only one, of two populations, elongates. Annalysis of the kinetics revealed a more stable trimer but a less stable tetramer in the elongating population compared to the non-elongating one. Furthermore, blocking flattening, the conformational change associated with filament formation, prevented the formation of both types of assemblies. Thus, flattening and the initial monomer arrangement determine gelsolin-mediated filament initiation.
Neuronal population mechanisms of lightness perception
Authors: Ruff Douglas A. , Brainard David H. , Cohen Marlene R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe way that humans and animals perceive the lightness of an object depends on its physical luminance as well as its surrounding context. While neuronal responses throughout the visual pathway are modulated by context, the relationship between neuronal responses and lightness perception is poorly understood. We searched for a neuronal mechanism of lightness by recording responses of neuronal populations in monkey primary visual cortex (V1) and area V4 to stimuli that produce a lightness illusion in humans, in which the lightness of a disk depends on the context in which it is embedded. We found that the way individual units encode the luminance (or equivalently for our stimuli, contrast) of the disk and its context is extremely heterogeneous. This motivated us to ask whether the population representation in either V1 or V4 satisfies three criteria: 1) disk luminance is represented with high fidelity, 2) the context surrounding the disk is also represented, and 3) the representations of disk luminance and context interact to create a representation of lightness that depends on these factors in a manner consistent with human psychophysical judgments of disk lightness. We found that populations of units in both V1 and V4 fulfill the first two criteria, but that we cannot conclude that the two types of information in either area interact in a manner that clearly predicts human psychophysical measurements: the interpretation of our population measurements depends on how subsequent areas read out lightness from the population responses.New & NoteworthyA core question in visual neuroscience is how the brain extracts stable representations of object properties from the retinal image. We searched for a neuronal mechanism of lightness perception by determining whether the responses of neuronal populations in primary visual cortex and area V4 could account for a lightness illusion measured using human psychophysics. Our results suggest that comparing psychophysics with population recordings will yield insight into neuronal mechanisms underlying a variety of perceptual phenomena.
Review of current research trends in bird strike and hail impact simulations on wing leading edge
Authors: Goraj Zdobyslaw Jan , Kustron Kamila 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Bird strike and hail impact resistances are considered in relation to the fulfilment of airworthiness/crashworthiness regulations as specified by appropriate aviation authorities. Before aircraft are allowed to go into service, these regulations must be fulfilled. This includes the adaption of the wing leading edge (LE) structure to smart diagnostics and an easy repair. This paper aims to focus on the wing LE, although all forward-facing aircraft components are exposed to the impact of foreign object during the flight. The best practices based on credible simulations which may be appropriate means of establishing compliance with European Aviation safety Agency and Federal Aviation Administration regulations regarding bird strikes, together with the problem of collisions with hailstones, are overviewed in aspect of accuracy and computing cost.

Design/methodology/approach
The best means of evaluating worldwide certification standards so as to be more efficient for all stakeholders by reducing risk and costs (time and money consuming) of certification process are recommended. The very expensive physical tests may be replaced by adequate and credible computer simulations. The adequate credible simulation must be verified and validated. The statistical approaches for modelling the uncertainty are presented in aspect of computing cost.

Findings
The simulation models have simplifications and assumptions that generate an uncertainty. The uncertainty must be identified in benchmarking tests. Instead of using “in house” physical tests, there are scientific papers available in open literature thanks to the new trend in worldwide publication of the research results. These large databases can be efficiently transform into useful benchmark thanks to data mining and knowledge discovery methods and big data analyses. The physical test data are obtained from tests on the ground-based demonstrator by using high-speed cameras and a structural health monitoring system, and therefore, they should be applied at an early stage of the design process.

Originality/value
The sources of uncertainty in simulation models are expressed, and the way to their assessment is presented based on statistical approaches. A brief review of the current research shows that it widely uses efficient numerical analysis and computer simulations and is based on finite element methods, mesh structure as well as mesh free particle models. These methods and models are useful to analyse airworthiness requirements for damage tolerance regarding bird-strike and hail impact and haves been subjected to critical review in this paper. Many original papers were considered in this analysis, and some of them have been critically reviewed and commented upon.
A relational view of start-up firms inside an incubator: the case of the ARCA consortium
Authors: Di Fatta Davide , Caputo Francesco , Dominici Gandolfo 
Published: April 2018

PurposeAnalyzing the entrepreneurial ecosystem related to the ARCA consortium, the purpose of this paper is to study the relationships among the start-up firms inside an incubator.Design/methodology/approachThanks to the adoption of the relationships concentric model and the density concentric model, the paper highlights the role of relational conditions for innovative projects in partnership among the incubated firms. Reflections herein are tested via a qualitative research approach based on a single case study: the ARCA consortium.FindingsThis research found that about 32 percent of relationships inside the incubator support the emergence of short-term relationships among the incubated firms. Furthermore, about 18 percent of the relationships support the emergence of strong collaborative strategies for the implementation of long-term relationships resulting in innovative pathways: innovative projects in partnership.Originality/valueThe most interconnected firms inside the incubator are those that play a central role also in the innovation pathway developing the higher number of innovative project in partnership. This finding emphasizes a correlation between collaborative relationships and innovation inside an incubator ecosystem.
Measuring the impact of out-of-class communication through instant messaging
Authors: Nkhoma Clara Akuzike , Thomas Susan , Nkhoma Mathews Zanda , Sriratanaviriyakul Narumon , Truong Trang Huyen , Vo Hung Xuan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Despite the growing body of literature demonstrating the role of communication in educational settings, there are limited up-to-date studies exploring the use of an instant messaging (IM) tool and its impacts on students’ learning outcomes, especially in the tertiary education in Vietnam. This study approached IM as an out-of-class communication (OCC) approach in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of this paper is to investigate students’ perceived quality of information received and its influence on their perceived performance proficiency as a result of their lecturers’ clarification of their enquiries through an online instant message application, namely Remind (www.remind.com/).

Design/methodology/approach
The target groups were first-year business students in an international university in Vietnam. The analysis of the data gathered from the questionnaire was carried out using a measurement model and a structural equation model.

Findings
The findings indicate that using OCC technology creates social bonding between students and lecturers by allowing students to clarify the ambiguity of concepts learnt in class and create a sense of connection with their lecturers which leads to better student engagement and hence improved learning outcomes.

Originality/value
The authors highlight the evidence of effective usage of IM tool by university students as a meaningful communication tool and the need to integrate technology into all educational settings.