bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men—2 Cities, United States, 2012–2014
Authors: Oliver Sara E. , Gorbach Pamina M. , Gratzer Beau , Steinau Martin , Collins Tom , Parrish Adam , Kerndt Peter R. , Crosby Richard A. , Unger Elizabeth R. , Markowitz Lauri E. , Meites Elissa 
Published: April 2018

Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk for cancers attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV), including oropharyngeal cancer. Human papillomavirus vaccination is recommended for US MSM through age 26 years. Oral HPV infection is associated with oropharyngeal cancer. We determined oral HPV prevalence and risk factors among young MSM.

Methods
The Young Men's HPV study enrolled MSM aged 18 through 26 years from clinics in Chicago and Los Angeles during 2012 to 2014. Participants self-reported demographics, sexual behaviors, vaccination and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Self-collected oral rinse specimens were tested for HPV DNA (37 types) by L1-consensus PCR. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk factors associated with oral HPV among participants not previously vaccinated.

Results
Oral HPV was detected in 87 (9.4%) of 922; 9-valent vaccine types were detected in 37 (4.0%) of 922. Among HIV-positive participants, 17 (19.3%) of 88 had oral HPV detected. Oral HPV was more prevalent among those reporting first sex at 18 years of age or younger (aPR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.16–5.12); HIV infection (aPR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14–3.48); greater than 5 sex partners within the past month (aPR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.13–3.31); performing oral sex on greater than 5 partners within the last 3 months (aPR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12–3.13); and having greater than 5 male sex partners within the last 3 months (aPR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.08–2.87). Only 454 (49.2%) of 922 were aware that HPV can cause oropharyngeal cancers.

Conclusions
Many oral HPV infections were with types targeted by vaccination. Oral HPV infections were significantly associated with HIV and sexual behaviors. Fewer than half of participants were aware that HPV could cause oropharyngeal cancer.
Prospective Analyses of Cytokine Mediation of Sleep and Survival in the Context of Advanced Cancer
Authors: Steel Jennifer L. , Terhorst Lauren , Collins Kevin P. , Geller David A. , Vodovotz Yoram , Kim Juliana , Krane Andrew , Antoni Michael , Marsh James W. , Burke Lora E. , Butterfield Lisa H. , Penedo Frank J. , Buysse Daniel J. , Tsung Allan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aims of this study were to examine the potential association between sleep problems, symptom burden, and survival in patients with advanced cancer.MethodsA prospective study of 294 patients with gastrointestinal cancer administered questionnaires assessing sleep, depression, anxiety, stress, pain, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. Serum levels of cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-10, IL-2, and interferon-γ were measured to assess biological mediation between sleep and survival. Survival was measured as time from diagnosis to death.ResultsFifty-nine percent of patients reported poor sleep quality, 53% reported poor sleep efficiency, 39% reported sleep latency greater than 30 minutes, and 45% reported sleeping less than 6 hours or greater than 10 hours. We found a significant association between sleep duration and symptom burden. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with higher levels of fatigue (r= −0.169,p= .01), pain (r= −0.302,p= .01), anxiety (r= −0.182,p= .01), depression (r= −0.172,p= .003), and lower levels of quality of life (r= 0.240,p= .01). After adjustment for demographic, psychological, and disease-specific factors, short sleep duration was associated with reduced survival (hazard ratio [HR] linear = 0.485, 95% confidence interval = 0.275–0.857) and there was also evidence for a quadratic pattern (HR quadrati = 1.064, 95% confidence interval = 1.015–1.115) suggesting a curvilinear relationship between sleep duration and survival. Interleukin 2 was the only cytokine significantly related to survival (HR = 1.01,p= .003) and sleep duration (β = −30.11,p= .027). When of IL-2 was added to the multivariable model, short and long sleep (β = −0.557,p= .097; β = 0.046,p= .114) were no longer significantly related to survival, suggesting mediation by IL-2.ConclusionSleep duration was associated with symptom burden and poorer survival and IL-2 was found to mediate the association between sleep and survival. Screening and treatment of sleep problems in patients diagnosed with cancer are warranted.
Modified Rotational Anterior Segmental Osteotomy for Prevention of Common Complication (Aged Appearance)
Authors: Choi Bong-Kyoon , Lee Won , Lo Lun-Jou , Yang Eun-Jung 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Although anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) is powerful procedures in treating the patient who has bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion, there is significant change in all soft and hard tissue parameters. Soft tissue changes in response to ASO can have a deleterious effect of an aged appearance. To prevent this aged appearance, the authors tried to rotate the maxillary anterior segment rather than simply posteriorly translating the segments. The application of a clockwise pivot rotation method during ASO can prevent overcorrection by controlling the degree of setback of the piriform aperture, and it can also affect convexity of the facial profile.
A Step-By-Step Technique for the Piezosurgical Removal of Fractured Implants
Authors: Messina Antonello Maria , Marini Luca , Marini Ettore 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the increasing popularity of dental implants, the removal of fractured implants has become a major challenge for clinicians. Several tools can be used for the removal of osseointegrated implants; however, few of these have the characteristics of easy control, selective cutting, and rapid healing. In this study, the authors describe a step-by-step technique for the removal of osseointegrated fractured implants via multiple peri-implant osteotomies performed using a piezoelectric device and appropriate inserts. All patients ended with primary wound closure without any soft tissue dehiscence and no healing problems during the postoperative period. As the use of ultrasonic inserts enables precise and selective cuts, piezosurgical implant removal is an attractive alternative to trephine burs or rotary drills.
Thornwaldt Cyst
Authors: Cetinkaya Erdem Atalay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThornwaldt cyst (Tc) is a benign mass, usually localized in the median plan of the nasopharynx. It is generate from permanent notochord remainings. The pharyngeal bursa—being an embryological residual—occurs in 3% of healthy adults. Closing of the orifice of a nasopharyngeal bursa results in the occurrence of Tc. When the Tc become infected or inflamed, causing to signs. The general indications for radiologic study in patients are nasopharyngeal symptoms, headache, seizures, and dizziness. Computed tomography is less effective than magnetic resonance imaging in the detection and characterization of Tc. On histopathologic study, the walls of Tc are seen to be infiltrated vaguely by lymphocytes and absent lymph follicles. Asymptomatic patients do not necessitate surgery, whereas symptomatic cysts need surgical treatment by a transnasal or transoral access. Marsupialization is the method of option to avoid recurrence. This review provides fundamental knowledge on Tc from an objective perspective.
Odontogenic Keratocysts as First Manifestation of Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome: Surgical Management and Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: dos Santos Jessica Luana , Delgado Renata Zoraida Rizental , de Oliveira Greison Rabelo , Rangel Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayroza 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, with no gender predilection. Individuals with NBCCS are commonly diagnosed between 17 and 35 years old and can present multiple basal cell carcinomas scattered throughout the body, presence of recurrent and early-onset odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and skeletal abnormalities. This article describes a case of a 13-year-old white boy who referred complaining of facial asymmetry. Extraoral examination revealed volumetric increase displacing the nasal ala from the right side and extended to the zygomatic bone. The intraoral evaluation showed mixed dentition with moderate degree of malocclusion. In addition, bilateral vestibular fornix swelling was observed in the upper canine region. An increase in volume was also detected on the hard palate on the right side. Computed tomography revealed multiple hypodense lesions with cystic appearance. The aspiration was positive, with a yellowish aspirate of serous consistency of all lesions. Given the numerous lesions, it was decided to decompress them for posterior enucleation procedures. In addition to other manifestations, the patient was diagnosed with NBCCS. Although common, the occurrence of OKCs in pediatric patients, especially in multiple lesions, is highly indicative of NBCCS, and its investigation should be considered, even in the absence of other signs of this syndrome. Synchronous decompression was satisfactory and can be used in similar cases of multiple cystic lesions.
Clinical Importance of a Cytokine Network in Major Burns
Authors: Matsuura Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hisatake , Osuka Akinori , Ogura Hiroshi , Shimizu Kentaro , Kang Sujin , Tanaka Toshio , Ueyama Masashi , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Major burns elicit an acute inflammatory response including various inflammatory cytokines. Cytokines play mutual interacting roles in inflammatory diseases. There is little evidence of the clinical significance of the cytokine network in patients with major burns. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the cytokine network in patients with major burn. This prospective observational study comprising 38 patients with major burns (total body surface area (%TBSA) ≥ 20%) and 12 healthy controls was conducted from April 2014 to December 2016. Blood samples were collected from patients at six points: day 1, day 2, days 3–5, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the burn injury. Inflammatory cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-17A, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], TNF-α), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) were measured. Twenty-eight-day mortality, %TBSA, prognostic burn index (PBI) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores were evaluated. Hierarchical clustering analysis and network visualization showed one cluster and network, respectively. Both were formed by four cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 on days 1 and 2, suggesting the presence of a cytokine network in the early hospital phase. Each cytokine showed significant associations with the SOFA score within 5 days and 1 month after burn injury. Cox regression analysis highlighting days 1 and 2 showed significant correlation of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 with 28-day mortality. We showed a cytokine network and its relation with prognosis and injury severity on days 1 and 2 and suggest that this cytokine network may play a role in major burns.
“No-Go Considerations” for In Situ Simulation Safety
Authors: Bajaj Komal , Minors Anjoinette , Walker Katie , Meguerdichian Michael , Patterson Mary 
Published: April 2018

Summary Statement
In situ simulation is the practice of simulation in the actual clinical environment and has demonstrated utility in the assessment of system processes, identification of latent safety threats, and improvement in teamwork and communication. Nonetheless, performing simulated events in a real patient care setting poses potential risks to patient and staff safety. One integral aspect of a comprehensive approach to ensure the safety of in situ simulation includes the identification and establishment of “no-go considerations,” that is, key decision-making considerations under which in situ simulations should be canceled, postponed, moved to another area, or rescheduled. These considerations should be modified and adjusted to specific clinical units. This article provides a framework of key essentials in developing no-go considerations.
Reproducible evaluation of classification methods in Alzheimer’s disease: framework and application to MRI and PET data
Authors: Samper-González Jorge , Burgos Ninon , Bottani Simona , Fontanella Sabrina , Lu Pascal , Marcoux Arnaud , Routier Alexandre , Guillon Jérémy , Bacci Michael , Wen Junhao , Bertrand Anne , Bertin Hugo , Habert Marie-Odile , Durrleman Stanley , Evgeniou Theodoros , Colliot Olivier ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative1,   the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle flagship study of ageing2
Published: April 2018

AbstractA large number of papers have introduced novel machine learning and feature extraction methods for automatic classification of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, while the vast majority of these works use the public dataset ADNI for evaluation, they are difficult to reproduce because different key components of the validation are often not readily available. These components include selected participants and input data, image preprocessing and cross-validation procedures. The performance of the different approaches is also difficult to compare objectively. In particular, it is often difficult to assess which part of the method (e.g. preprocessing, feature extraction or classification algorithms) provides a real improvement, if any. In the present paper, we propose a framework for reproducible and objective classification experiments in AD using three publicly available datasets (ADNI, AIBL and OASIS). The framework comprises: i) automatic conversion of the three datasets into a standard format (BIDS); ii) a modular set of preprocessing pipelines, feature extraction and classification methods, together with an evaluation framework, that provide a baseline for benchmarking the different components. We demonstrate the use of the framework for a large-scale evaluation on 1960 participants using T1 MRI and FDG PET data. In this evaluation, we assess the influence of different modalities, preprocessing, feature types (regional or voxel-based features), classifiers, training set sizes and datasets. Performances were in line with the state-of-the-art. FDG PET outperformed T1 MRI for all classification tasks. No difference in performance was found for the use of different atlases, image smoothing, partial volume correction of FDG PET images, or feature type. Linear SVM and L2-logistic regression resulted in similar performance and both outperformed random forests. The classification performance increased along with the number of subjects used for training. Classifiers trained on ADNI generalized well to AIBL and OASIS, performing better than the classifiers trained and tested on each of these datasets independently. All the code of the framework and the experiments is publicly available.
Uncertainty in contextual and kinematic cues jointly modulate motor resonance in primary motor cortex
Authors: Cretu Andreea Loredana , Ruddy Kathy , Germann Maria , Wenderoth Nicole 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTContextual information accompanying others’ actions modulates “motor resonance”, i.e. neural activity within motor areas that is elicited by movement observation. One possibility is that we weight and combine such information in a Bayesian manner according to their relative uncertainty. Therefore, contextual information becomes particularly useful when others’ actions are ambiguous. It is unclear, however, whether this uncertainty modulates the neural activity in primary motor cortex (M1) during movement observation. Here we applied single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) while subjects watched different grasping actions. We operationalized motor resonance as grip specific modulation of corticomotor excitability measured in the index (FDI) versus the little finger abductor (ADM). We experimentally modulated either the availability of kinematic information (Exp. 1) or the reliability of contextual cues (Exp. 2). Our results indicate that even in the absence of movement kinematics, reliable contextual information is enough to trigger significant muscle-specific corticomotor excitability changes in M1 (p<.0001) which are strongest when both kinematics and contextual information are available (p<.005). These findings suggest that bottom-up mechanisms that activate motor representations as a function of the observed kinematics, and top-down mechanisms which activate motor representations associated with arbitrary cues converge in M1 in a statistically optimal manner.
Learning and Forgetting Using Reinforced Bayesian Change Detection
Authors: Moens Vincent , Zénon Alexandre 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAgents living in volatile environments must be able to detect changes in contingencies while refraining to adapt to unexpected events that are caused by noise. In Reinforcement Learning (RL) frameworks, this requires learning rates that adapt to past reliability of the model. The observation that behavioural flexibility in animals tends to decrease following prolonged training in stable environment provides experimental evidence for such adaptive learning rates. However, in classical RL models, learning rate is either fixed or scheduled and can thus not adapt dynamically to environmental changes. Here, we propose a new Bayesian learning model, using variational inference, that achieves adaptive change detection by the use of Stabilized Forgetting, updating its current belief based on a mixture of fixed, initial priors and previous posterior beliefs. The weight given to these two sources is optimized alongside the other parameters, allowing the model to adapt dynamically to changes in environmental volatility and to unexpected observations. This approach is used to implement the “critic” of an actor-critic RL model, while the actor samples the resulting value distributions to choose which action to undertake. We show that our model can emulate different adaptation strategies to contingency changes, depending on its prior assumptions of environmental stability, and that model parameters can be fit to real data with high accuracy. The model also exhibits trade-offs between flexibility and computational costs that mirror those observed in real data. Overall, the proposed method provides a general framework to study learning flexibility and decision making in RL contexts.Author summaryIn stable contexts, animals and humans exhibit automatic behaviour that allows them to make fast decisions. However, these automatic processes exhibit a lack of flexibility when environmental contingencies change. In the present paper, we propose a model of behavioural automatization that is based on adaptive forgetting and that emulates these properties. The model builds an estimate of the stability of the environment and uses this estimate to adjust its learning rate and the balance between exploration and exploitation policies. The model performs Bayesian inference on latent variables that represent relevant environmental properties, such as reward functions, optimal policies or environment stability. From there, the model makes decisions in order to maximize long-term rewards, with a noise proportional to environmental uncertainty. This rich model encompasses many aspects of Reinforcement Learning (RL), such as Temporal Difference RL and counterfactual learning, and accounts for the reduced computational cost of automatic behaviour. Using simulations, we show that this model leads to interesting predictions about the efficiency with which subjects adapt to sudden change of contingencies after prolonged training.
Inferring health conditions from fMRI-graph data
Authors: Mana P.G.L. Porta , Bachmann C. , Morrison A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAutomated classification methods for disease diagnosis are currently in the limelight, especially for imaging data. Classification does not fully meet a clinician’s needs, however: in order to combine the results of multiple tests and decide on a course of treatment, a clinician needs the likelihood of a given health condition rather than binary classification yielded by such methods. We illustrate how likelihoods can be derived step by step from first principles and approximations, and how they can be assessed and selected, using fMRI data from a publicly available data set containing schizophrenic and healthy control subjects, as a working example. We start from the basic assumption of partial exchangeability, and then the notion of sufficient statistics and the “method of translation” (Edgeworth, 1898) combined with conjugate priors. This method can be used to construct a likelihood that can be used to compare different data-reduction algorithms. Despite the simplifications and possibly unrealistic assumptions used to illustrate the method, we obtain classification results comparable to previous, more realistic studies about schizophrenia, whilst yielding likelihoods that can naturally be combined with the results of other diagnostic tests.
A stimulus artefact undermines the evidence for independent ON and OFF channels in stereopsis
Authors: Read Jenny C. A. , Cumming Bruce G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEarly vision proceeds through distinct ON and OFF channels, which encode luminance increments and decrements respectively. It has been argued that these channels also contribute separately to stereoscopic vision. This is based on the fact that observers perform better on a noisy disparity discrimination task when the stimulus is a random-dot pattern consisting of equal numbers of black and white dots (a “mixed-polarity stimulus”, argued to activate both ON and OFF stereo channels), than when it consists of all-white or all-black dots (“same-polarity”, argued to activate only one). However, it is not clear how this theory can be reconciled with our current understanding of disparity encoding. Recently, a binocular convolutional neural network was able to replicate the mixed-polarity advantage shown by human observers, even though it was based on linear filters and contained no mechanisms which would respond separately to black or white dots. Here, we show that the stimuli used in all these experiments contain a subtle artefact. The interocular correlation between left and right images is actually lower for the same-polarity stimuli than for mixed-polarity stimuli with the same amount of disparity noise applied to the dots. Since our current theories suggest stereopsis is based on a correlation-like computation in primary visual cortex, it is then unsurprising that performance was better for the mixed-polarity stimuli. We conclude that there is currently no evidence supporting separate ON and OFF channels in stereopsis.