bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of activated neutrophils correlates with disease severity in adult Crohn’s disease
Authors: Therrien A , Chapuy L , Bsat M , Rubio M , Bernard G , Arslanian E , Orlicka K , Weber A , Panzini B-P , Dorais J , Bernard E-J , Soucy G , Bouin M , Sarfati M 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Neutrophils are detected in inflamed colon in Crohn’s disease (CD). However, whether the frequency and/or activation of circulating or gut tissue neutrophils correlate with endoscopic severity remains to be investigated. A cohort of 73 CD patients was prospectively enrolled according to endoscopic severity and treatment history. Individuals with active disease were stratified using the Montreal classification. Harvey–Bradshaw Index (HBI) and Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) were performed at the time of ileocolonoscopy. Frequency of neutrophils and their expression of CD66b and CD64 were assessed in paired blood and colonic biopsies using flow cytometry. The percentage of neutrophils increased in inflamed colon and correlated with SES-CD in the entire cohort of patients examined, as well as in the subgroup with inflammatory (B1) active disease. SES-CD further correlated with neutrophil CD66b expression in mucosa but not blood and, conversely, with neutrophil CD64 expression in blood but not mucosa. However, the evaluation of neutrophil activation in mucosa when compared to blood reflected disease activity more clearly. Finally, a neutrophil activation power index (CD66b in mucosa X CD64 in blood) that correlated with SES-CD discriminated between patients with mild and severe disease. In conclusion, the frequency and activation of colonic neutrophils correlated with SES-CD, highlighting that mucosal neutrophils are associated with disease severity in CD.
Laparoscopic hand‐assisted adrenalectomy for tumours larger than 5 cm
Authors: Buxton Jennifer , Vun Shen H. , van Dellen David , Wadsworth Richard , Augustine Titus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAdrenal surgery remains a distinct surgical challenge. Technical challenges associated with laparoscopic adrenalectomy are tumour size, haemorrhage control and oncological compromise. Hand‐assisted laparoscopic (HAL) adrenalectomy, utilizing a hand‐port device, offers minimally invasive surgery with the advantages and safety of tactile feedback. We aimed to assess the efficacy of HAL for patients requiring adrenalectomy for tumours over 5 cm in size.ContextHand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is used in several surgical specialities over totally laparoscopic surgery to manage sizeable pathology, reduce operating time and conversion rates. HAL adrenalectomy is demonstrated in this series as a safe alternative to laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenal tumours.DesignA retrospective analysis of all HAL adrenalectomies performed over 8 years (October 2006‐May 2015) by a single surgeon was performed. This case series is the largest study of this technique.PatientsAll patients who were fit for surgery with adrenal tumours (over 5 cm) were included.AnalysisPrimary endpoints were overall mortality, operating time, hospital stay, complications and conversion to open surgery.ResultsA total of 56 patients underwent the procedure. A total of 43 had unilateral and 13 bilateral lesions. Most lesions (45) were histologically benign. These included functioning and non‐functioning tumours. Median tumour size was 8 cm (range 5‐19 cm). There was one (1.8%) intra‐operative conversion and no peri‐operative mortality. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 (14%) patients, all self‐limiting. The median length of stay was 6 days (range 2‐21). There was one recurrence of pathology with repeat surgery.ConclusionHand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery offers a safe reproducible approach to adrenal surgery combining minimally invasive surgery with tactile integration. Although previously described in small numbers, this represents the largest case series to date. HAL is a safe minimally invasive surgical option for larger tumours, including malignancies. The HAL technique may additionally offer a shorter learning curve for trainee adrenal surgeons.
Accuracy of flapless immediate implant placement in anterior maxilla using computer‐assisted versus freehand surgery: A cadaver study
Authors: Chen Zhaozhao , Li Junying , Sinjab Khaled , Mendonca Gustavo , Yu Haiyang , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of computer‐guided surgery and freehand surgery on flapless immediate implant placement (IIP) in the anterior maxilla.Material and MethodsIn this split‐mouth design, 24 maxillary incisors in eight human cadaver heads were randomly divided into two groups: computer‐guided surgery (n = 12) and freehand surgery (n = 12). Preoperatively, cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were acquired, and all implants were planned with a software (Blue Sky Plan3). Then, two types of surgeries were performed. To assess any differences in position, the postoperative CBCT was subsequently matched with the preoperative planning. For all the implants, the angular, global, depth, bucco‐lingual, and mesio‐distal deviations between the virtual and actual implant positions were measured.ResultsA significant lower mean angular deviation (3.11 ± 1.55°, range: 0.66–4.95,p = 0.002) and the global deviation at both coronal (0.85 ± 0.38 mm, range: 0.42–1.51,p = 0.004) and apical levels (0.93 ± 0.34 mm, range: 0.64–1.72,p < 0.001) were observed in the guided group when compared to the freehand group (6.78 ± 3.31°, range: 3.08–14.98; 1.43 ± 0.49 mm, range: 0.65–2.31, and 2.2 ± 0.79 mm, range: 1.01–4.02). However, the accuracy of these two approaches was similar for the depth (p = 0.366). In the buccal direction, the mean deviations of both groups showed a general tendency of implants to be positioned facially, occurring more in implants of the freehand group.ConclusionIn flapless IIP, computer‐guided surgery showed superior accuracy than freehand surgery in transferring the implant position from the planning. However, even with the help of a guide, the final fixture position tends to shift toward a facial direction.
Report of National Kidney Foundation Consensus Conference to Decrease Kidney Discards
Authors: Cooper Matthew , Formica Richard , Friedewald John , Hirose Ryutaro , O’Connor Kevin , Mohan Sumit , Schold Jesse , Axelrod David , Pastan Stephen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe organ shortage is one of the major challenges in the field of organ transplantation, yet the percentage of kidneys procured and discarded prior to transplantation has continued to rise to twenty percent. The causes of organ discard are complex, yet an urgent need exists for collaborative efforts to maximize the utilization of all potentially transplantable renal allografts. The National Kidney Foundation convened a meeting of experts to identify factors contributing to reduced organ utilization, and to propose actionable solutions to decrease the rate of kidney discards.
An update on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in adults
Authors: Abad Cybele Lara R. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundMycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is common worldwide, but is rarely reported after hematopoietic transplantation (HSCT). We reviewed all TB cases among HSCT since 2010 to provide an update on its epidemiology, clinical presentation, management and outcome.MethodsSeveral databases were reviewed from January 1, 2010 to June 30, 2018 using key words tuberculosis and hematopoietic transplantation.ResultsThe 47 cases of TB were reported during the study period. The highest TB frequency was reported from India (2.9%), with a median frequency of 2% (range, 0.18%‐2.9%). The majority were recipients of allogeneic transplants (45/47, 95.7%). Pulmonary TB was the most common clinical presentation (20/47, 42.6%). The median time to clinical presentation was 4.6 (range, 3‐12.9) and 2.4 (range, 0.6‐5) months, based on cohort data and case reports, respectively. Fever was reported in 87.5% (14/16) of patients. First‐line quadruple drug therapy was frequently used (29/35, 82.9%), with a median length of 12 and 9 months for cohorts and case reports, respectively. All‐cause and attributable mortality was 27.6% (13/47), and 8.5% (4/47), respectively.ConclusionsMycobacterium tuberculosis presents early after HSCT, most commonly as fever. A high index of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis and treatment, to prevent TB‐attributable mortality.
Leptin and the vasculature in young adults: The African‐PREDICT study
Authors: Ahiante Blessing O. , Smith Wayne , Lammertyn Leandi , Schutte Aletta E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and aimInformation regarding the effect of leptin on the vasculature in young healthy adults at risk for cardiovascular disease development is limited. We therefore examined the associations between measures of subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid intima‐media thickness, carotid cross‐sectional wall area), large artery stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and a measure of endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand factor [vWF]) with leptin in young healthy men and women.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study in South Africa involving 820 normotensive individuals (337 men and 483 women) aged 20‐30 years, we measured carotid intima‐media thickness, carotid cross‐sectional wall area, pulse wave velocity, vWF from citrated plasma and leptin from serum.ResultsDespite sevenfold higher leptin in women than men (P < 0.001), only in young healthy men, we observed negative, independent associations between measures of carotid wall thickness (carotid intima‐media thickness: R2 = 0.05; β = −0.20; P = 0.036; carotid cross‐sectional wall area: R2 = 0.05; β = −0.20; P = 0.035) with leptin in multivariable‐adjusted regression analyses. When reviewing these associations across body mass index categories, we found an association to be evident only in overweight men (carotid intima‐media thickness: R2 = 0.15; β = −0.41; P = 0.007; carotid cross‐sectional wall area: R2 = 0.21; β = −0.47; P = 0.002). No association was observed in the women or between pulse wave velocity and vWF with leptin.ConclusionIn young healthy men, we found a beneficial inverse association between measures of carotid wall thickness and circulating leptin, thereby supporting a potential vascular protective role of leptin.
Phase I study of domatinostat (4SC‐202), a class I histone deacetylase inhibitor in patients with advanced hematological malignancies
Authors: von Tresckow Bastian , Sayehli Cyrus , Aulitzky Walter E. , Goebeler Maria‐Elisabeth , Schwab Matthias , Braz Eunice , Krauss Babett , Krauss Rolf , Hermann Frank , Bartz René , Engert Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesDomatinostat (4SC‐202) is a selective class I histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi). This phase I study investigated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity in patients with advanced hematological malignancies.MethodsDomatinostat was administered orally once (QD) or twice daily (BID) on days 1‐14 with 7 days off or continuously days 1‐21 in a 3 + 3 design at 7 dose levels from 25 to 400 mg total daily dose (TDD). Twenty‐four patients were treated with domatinostat.ResultsNo formal maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined. One dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT, grade 4 hypercalcemia) occurred during 200 mg BID continuous treatment. Six patients were reported with ≥ grade 3 treatment‐related adverse events (TRAE; grade 3 hematological in three patients, grade 3 and grade 4 liver enzyme increase in 2 patients, grade 4 pulmonary embolism, and grade 4 hypercalcemia in one patient each). Higher grade hepatic TRAE occurred in the 200 mg BID continuous treatment cohort. Out of 24 patients, 1 achieved a complete response, 1 achieved a partial response, and 18 had stable disease as best response.ConclusionAdministration of domatinostat was safe, well tolerated with signs of antitumor activity. Four hundred milligram TDD in a 200 mg BID schedule (14 + 7) is the recommended phase II dose for monotherapy.
Synchrony surfacing: Epicortical recording of correlated action potentials
Authors: Bockhorst Tobias , Pieper Florian , Engler Gerhard , Stieglitz Thomas , Galindo‐Leon Edgar , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSynchronous spiking of multiple neurons is a key phenomenon in normal brain function and pathologies. Recently, approaches to record spikes from the intact cortical surface using small high‐density arrays of microelectrodes have been reported. It remained unaddressed how epicortical spiking relates to intracortical unit activity. We introduced a mesoscale approach using an array of 64 electrodes with intermediate diameter (250 μm) and combined large‐coverage epicortical recordings in ferrets with intracortical recordings via laminar probes. Empirical data and modelling strongly suggest that our epicortical electrodes selectively captured synchronized spiking of neurons in the cortex beneath. As a result, responses to sensory stimulation were more robust and less noisy compared to intracortical activity, and receptive field properties were well preserved in epicortical recordings. This should promote insights into assembly‐coding beyond the informative value of subdural EEG or single‐unit spiking, and be advantageous to real‐time applications in brain‐machine interfacing.
Waist‐to‐hip ratio affects female body attractiveness and modulates early brain responses
Authors: Del Zotto Marzia , Framorando David , Pegna Alan J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis investigation examined the electrophysiological response underlying the visual processing of waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) in female bodies, a characteristic known to affect perceived attractiveness. WHRs of female bodies were artificially adjusted to values of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 or 0.9. Behavioural ratings of attractiveness of the bodies revealed a preference for WHRs of 0.7 in the overall group of participants, which included both male and female heterosexual individuals. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were then recorded while participants performed a selective attention task involving photographs of female models and scrambled images. Results showed that the P1 (80–120 ms) and N1 (130–170 ms) components situated over posterior brain regions were the earliest components to be modulated by attention and bodies. Interestingly, the vertex‐positive potential, occurring between 120–180 ms, produced a greater positivity for WHRs of 0.7 compared to the other ratios. However, this increase was only observed when the body stimuli were attended, while no effect was observed for unattended bodies. These findings provide evidence of an early brain sensitivity to visual attributes that constitute secondary sexual characteristics. Although they are relatively discrete from the point of view of their physical quality, these signs possess strong behavioural significance, producing greater reported attractiveness, likely by conveying the biological meaning that signals good health and greater reproductive success. Our results therefore reveal that attributes associated with sexual attractiveness in female bodies are processed rapidly in the stream of visual processing.
Theiler's disease associated with administration of tetanus antitoxin contaminated with nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus and equine parvovirus‐hepatitis virus
Authors: Kopper J. J. , Schott H. C. , Divers T. J. , Mullaney T. , Huang L. , Noland E. , Smedley R. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old Trakehner gelding was presented for evaluation of lethargy, decreased appetite, mild icterus, and elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Physical examination, serum chemistry results, and liver biopsy histopathologic findings were supportive of Theiler's disease. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing results of serum and liver tissue were positive for nonprimate (equine) hepacivirus (NPHV) and a novel equine parvovirus‐hepatitis virus (EqPV‐H).PCRtesting of the lot of tetanus antitoxin administered to the gelding 3 months previously also yielded positive results forNPHVand EqPV‐H. Treatment included supportive care and clinical signs resolved within 1 week, although hepatic enzyme activities remained elevated for several months. The horse successfully returned to work as a hunter/jumper for about 1 year until it developed a forelimb lameness and progressive atrophy of shoulder musculature (sweeney), prompting a decision for euthanasia 20 months after initial evaluation. SerialPCRtesting of serum revealed persistent infection with bothNPHVand EqPV‐H and necropsy examination revealed chronic active hepatitis, mild liver atrophy, and positivePCRresults forNPHVand EqPV‐H in liver tissue. This case highlights the possible risk of administering potentially contaminated biologics of equine origin and the importance of screening for recently identified hepatic viruses in donors from which blood products are prepared.
Extreme drought pushes stream invertebrate communities over functional thresholds
Authors: Aspin Thomas W. H. , Khamis Kieran , Matthews Thomas J. , Milner Alexander M. , O’Callaghan Matthew J. , Trimmer Mark , Woodward Guy , Ledger Mark E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFunctional traits are increasingly being used to predict extinction risks and range shifts under long‐term climate change scenarios, but have rarely been used to study vulnerability to extreme climatic events, such as supraseasonal droughts. In streams, drought intensification can cross thresholds of habitat loss, where marginal changes in environmental conditions trigger disproportionate biotic responses. However, these thresholds have been studied only from a structural perspective, and the existence of functional nonlinearity remains unknown. We explored trends in invertebrate community functional traits along a gradient of drought intensity, simulated over 18 months, using mesocosms analogous to lowland headwater streams. We modelled the responses of 16 traits based on a priori predictions of trait filtering by drought, and also examined the responses of trait profile groups (TPGs) identified via hierarchical cluster analysis. As responses to drought intensification were both linear and nonlinear, generalized additive models (GAMs) were chosen to model response curves, with the slopes of fitted splines used to detect functional thresholds during drought. Drought triggered significant responses in 12 (75%) of the a priori‐selected traits. Behavioural traits describing movement (dispersal, locomotion) and diet were sensitive to moderate‐intensity drought, as channels fragmented into isolated pools. By comparison, morphological and physiological traits showed little response until surface water was lost, at which point we observed sudden shifts in body size, respiration mode and thermal tolerance. Responses varied widely among TPGs, ranging from population collapses of non‐aerial dispersers as channels fragmented to irruptions of small, eurythermic dietary generalists upon extreme dewatering. Our study demonstrates for the first time that relatively small changes in drought intensity can trigger disproportionately large functional shifts in stream communities, suggesting that traits‐based approaches could be particularly useful for diagnosing catastrophic ecological responses to global change.
MicroRNA‐342 inhibits tumor growth via targeting chemokine CXCL12 involved in macrophages recruitment/activation
Authors: Tian Yijun , Matsui Sayaka , Touma Maki , Wu Qiong , Sugimoto Kenkichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in initiation, development, progression and metastasis of tumors. MiR‐342 has been reported as a tumor suppressor or an onco‐miRNA based on functions or expression changes in various types of cancers. However, the biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of miR‐342 in tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we found that miR‐342 was expressed significantly less in a murine MS‐K tumor cell line that showed riched blood vessels. Over‐expression of miR‐342 in MS‐K cells inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, reduced frequency of S phase population in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, increasing miR‐342 impeded blood vessels formation and accumulation of macrophages (CD11b+) in tumors. By bioinformatic analysis and dual‐luciferase reporter assays, chemokine CXCL12 was identified as a direct target of miR‐342. Restored Cxcl12 expression in MS‐K‐miR‐342 cells could rescue cell proliferation in vitro. In MS‐K‐miR‐342 tumor‐infiltrated macrophages, expression of proangiogenic genes (Vegf‐A and Thbs1) and M2‐subtype macrophage markers (Cd163, Dectin1 and Ym1) was significantly down‐regulated compared with controls. Moreover, lower level of Cxcl12 and its receptor Cxcr4 was observed in the macrophages of MS‐K‐miR‐342 tumors, and MS‐K‐miR‐342 derived miR‐342, but not endogenous miR‐342, might contribute to Cxcl12 suppression in TAM. These results suggest that miR‐342 is involved in MS‐K tumor growth as a tumor suppressor by targeting chemokine CXCL12.
“Change is what can actually make the tough times better”: A patient‐centred patient safety intervention delivered in collaboration with hospital volunteers
Authors: Louch Gemma , Mohammed Mohammed A. , Hughes Lesley , O'Hara Jane 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe PRASE (Patient Reporting and Action for a Safe Environment) intervention provides a way to systematically collect patient feedback to support service improvement. To provide a sustainable mechanism for the PRASE intervention, a 2‐year improvement project explored the potential for hospital volunteers to facilitate the collection of PRASE feedback.ObjectiveTo explore the implementation of the PRASE intervention delivered in collaboration with hospital volunteers from the perspectives of key stakeholders.DesignA qualitative case study design was utilized across three acute NHS trusts in the United Kingdom between March 2016 and October 2016. Ward level data (staff interviews; action planning meeting recordings; implementation fidelity information) were analysed taking a pen portrait approach. We also carried out focus groups with hospital volunteers and interviews with voluntary services/patient experience staff, which were analysed thematically.ResultsWhilst most ward staff reported feeling engaged with the intervention, there were discordant views on its use and usefulness. The hospital volunteers were positive about their involvement, and on some wards, worked with staff to produce actions to improve services. The voluntary services/patient experience staff participants emphasised the need for PRASE to sit within an organisations’ wider governance structure.ConclusionFrom the perspective of key stakeholders, hospital volunteers facilitating the collection of PRASE feedback is a feasible means of implementing the PRASE intervention. However, the variability around ward staff being able to use the feedback to make changes to services demonstrates that it is this latter part of the PRASE intervention cycle that is more problematic.