bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On communication efficient dataflow computing in software defined networking enabled cloud
Authors: Li Yuepeng , Zeng Deze , Zheng Long 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDataflow computing has become a promising computing paradigm as an alternative to traditional control‐centric computing paradigm to facilitate big data processing. Big data process often happens in cloud computing environment as the datacenter provisions a large amount of resource. Dataflow computing, as a data‐centric computing paradigm, requires the dataflows to be shuffled among different codelets (ie, data processing units) deployed in the datacenter servers. It is significant to well schedule the dataflow transferring for communication efficiency. It is highly regarded that the datacenter network shall be managed by software defined networking (SDN) technology for flexibility consideration. In SDN managed datacenter, a dataflow requires a forwarding rule in the forwarding table of each switch on its routing path. However, the SDN switches are limited in the forwarding table size. This introduces an unignorable issue in the codelet deployment problem. Therefore, we are motivated to take such forwarding table size constraints into the problem of dataflow codelet deployment in the datacenters managed by SDN. In particular, we aim at minimizing the communication cost efficiency while guarantee the dataflow computing performance at the same time. The communication cost minimization problem is formulated into an integer linear programming form, which is relaxed to design a heuristic algorithm. The experiment results show that our relaxation algorithm can significantly improve the communication cost efficiency via ingenious codelet placement.
Tantalum ion acceleration in laser‐generated plasma and dependence on the pulse duration
Authors: Torrisi L. , Cutroneo M. , Torrisi A. 
Published: June 2019

The laser irradiation of tantalum targets is presented for different pulsed laser intensities ranging from 1010 up to about 1018 W/cm2 and pulse durations from 9 ns up to 40 fs. The results show that the produced non‐equilibrium plasma accelerates Ta ions in the backward direction from values of the order of keV up to values of about 5 MeV. In thin foils, the forward plasma, developed behind the target along the direction of incoming laser, at intensities of about 1016 W/cm2 and 300 ps pulse duration, accelerates Ta ions at energies of the order of 4.6 MeV and produces charge states up to about 40+. For fs lasers at intensities of the order of 1018 W/cm2, only proton acceleration occurs up to 2.1 MeV while no Ta ions are accelerated, due to the reduced duration of the electric field and to the too high inertial mass of the Ta ions.
Managed spring runoff to improve nursery floodplain habitat for endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow
Authors: Valdez Richard A. , Haggerty Grace M. , Richard Kenneth , Klobucar Deanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWater managers in New Mexico, USA, stored water in El Vado Reservoir and coordinated releases into the Chama River that augmented the runoff of the Rio Grande, resulting in a discharge >1,500 ft3/s (42.5 m3/s) for 35 days (May 17 to June 20, 2016) at Albuquerque. The managed runoff inundated over 400 ha of previously restored floodplains in the Middle Rio Grande, thereby providing spawning and nursery habitat for the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus, RGSM). Spawning began April 9 at annual cumulative degree‐days of 717, during daily increases in discharge of 200–300 ft3/s (5.7–8.5 m3/s), and hatch dates were normally distributed over 53 days (April 11 to June 3). RGSM were 73% of larvae collected in six restored floodplain sites and found in shallow water (mean = 19.6 cm), low velocity (mean = 3.9 cm/s), near vegetative cover, and with 75% within 1 m of the water's edge. Declining proportions of early to late larval phases and a near absence of juveniles indicate a gradual departure from floodplains as postflexion mesolarvae and metalarvae 14–22 days post hatch (dph), with most leaving by the juvenile stage 40 dph. The annual RGSM October census showed an increase of 0.16 to 7.20 fish/100 m2 from 2015 to 2016, indicating that the managed runoff resulted in a positive population response. This study showed that constructing floodplains and managing river and reservoir operations to inundate those floodplains during and after RGSM spawning can provide nursery habitat that improves reproductive success and recruitment.
Stable and Fast Lithium–Sulfur Battery Achieved by Rational Design of Multifunctional Separator
Authors: Song Chengwei , Peng Chengxin , Bian Zihao , Dong Fei , Xu Hongyi , Yang Junhe , Zheng Shiyou 
Published: June 2019

Lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) battery is considered as one of the most promising candidates for future portable electronics and electric vehicles due to high energy density and potentially low cost. However, the severe polysulfides shuttling in Li‐S battery always causes low Coulombic efficiency, capacity fading, and hindering its practical commercialization. Herein, a dual‐functional PEI@MWCNTs‐CB/MWCNTs/PP (briefly denoted as PMS) separator is assembled through Langmuir–Blodgett–Scooping (LBS) technique for improvement of Li‐S battery performance, that is, rational integrating conductive MWCNTs multilayer on a routine PP separator with polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymer. Owing to “proton‐sponge”‐based PEI feature with the abundant amino/imine groups and branched structures, the PMS separator can provide strong affinity to immobilize the negatively charged polysulfides via electrostatic interaction. Simultaneously, incorporated with the conductive MWCNTs multilayers for the electron transportation, the Li‐S cells assembled with PMS separators achieve exceptional high delivery capacity, good rate performance (~550 mAh g−1 at a current density of 9 A g−1), and stable cycling retention (retention of 84.5% at a current density of 1 A g−1) even over 120 cycles, especially in the case of high‐loading sulfur cathode (80 wt% of S content). This multifunctional separator with dual‐structural architectures via self‐assembly LBS method paves new avenues to develop high‐performance Li‐S batteries.
Flow characteristics and dynamic responses of a parked straight‐bladed vertical axis wind turbine
Authors: Kuang Limin , Su Jie , Chen Yaoran , Han Zhaolong , Zhou Dai , Zhao Yongsheng , Jiang Zhiyu , Bao Yan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWith the development of urbanization and the application of renewable energy, wind turbine is becoming an important approach for wind energy reservation and utilization. This study provides a numerical investigation on understanding the surface pressure distribution, flow characteristics and dynamic responses of a parked straight‐bladed vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT), which is helpful for its design. Together with the two‐way coupling method between simulation platforms such as STAR‐CCM+ and ABAQUS, the SST k‐ω turbulence model is used to obtain the surface pressure and surrounding flow of the VAWT, and the finite element method is used to obtain the dynamic responses of its structural components. The results show that the contours of the pressure distribution on the windward surface of the VAWT are similar even under a few different conditions, and the deformation of the VAWT can lead to changes in surface pressure; the turbulent flow characteristics and the wake effect become more obvious as the wind velocity increases; the blades and support arms of the VAWT need to be reinforced during the design, and the effect of the parked condition on the dynamic responses of the VAWT can be neglected. The two‐way coupling method as well as the numerical simulation results is expected to provide references for the design of VAWTs subjected to coming wind action.
Silting patterns in the reservoirs of small‐ and medium‐sized earthen check dams in humid subtropical monsoon regions
Authors: Kang Ranbir S. , Chacko Elizabeth , Kaur Dhian , Viadero Roger 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTSilting of reservoirs is a ubiquitous process whenever water is impounded. Despite substantial work on the rates of silting, the spatial pattern of silting in reservoirs is not clearly understood. While it is anticipated that the variability of silting increases with decreasing reservoir size, not much is known about siltation in subtropical humid regions affected by monsoon rainfall. This paper presents the initial results of geomorphic analysis of six earthen check dams in the Shiwalik foothills of the Himalayas (India) in areas that are inhabited by high proportions of disempowered populations. These check dams include three small‐sized dams (Dhamala‐II, Rel Majra and Sukhomajri‐II) and three medium‐sized dams (Bunga‐I, Parachh‐II and Siswan). Field data were collected from each reservoir. The methods used included spatial interpolations of bed depth and silt thickness in each reservoir, Structure from Motion photogrammetry to extract multiple channel cross‐sections from photographic scans along tributary mouths, texture analysis of bed and bank materials, and visual observations of hill slopes around the check dams. Based on this study, silt tended to concentrate either in the middle portion of the reservoir or near the dam; however, silt accumulation did not always occur along the dam or in the deepest portion of the reservoirs. Areas located downstream from these check dams are heavily used for various human activities and the channel network has almost been eliminated. While these earthen check dams may be cost‐effective tools for water conservation in economically marginalized areas, if abandoned, these structures may pose a physical hazard to downstream communities. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry into rock weathering field methodologies
Authors: Mol Lisa , Clarke Lucy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite recent rapid advances in the field of structure‐from‐motion (SfM) photogrammetry, the use of high‐resolution data to investigate small‐scale processes is a relatively underdeveloped field. In particular, rock weathering is rarely investigated using this suite of techniques. This research uses a combination of traditional non‐destructive rock weathering measurement techniques (rock surface hardness) and SfM to map deterioration and loss of cohesion of the surface using three‐dimensional data. The results are used to interpret weathering behaviour across two different lithologies present on the site, namely shale and limestone. This new approach is tested on seven sites in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, where active weathering of a rock surface was measured after 13 years of exposure to extreme temperature regimes and snow cover. The surface loss was quantified with SfM and combined with rock surface hardness measurement distributions extrapolated in geographic information system (GIS). The combined results are used here to quantify the difference in response of both lithologies to these extreme temperatures. This research demonstrates the potential for further integration of SfM in rock weathering research and other small‐scale geomorphological investigations, in particular in difficult field conditions where portability of field equipment is paramount. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfibrillar‐associated protein 4 in serum is associated with asthma in Danish adolescents and young adults
Authors: Hoffmann‐Petersen Benjamin , Suffolk Raymond , Petersen Jens Jakob Herrche , Petersen Thomas Houmann , Arendt Kirsten , Høst Arne , Halken Susanne , Sorensen Grith Lykke , Agertoft Lone 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMicrofibrillar‐associated protein 4 (MFAP4) is an extracellular matrix protein belonging to the fibrinogen‐related protein superfamily, which plays multifaceted roles in innate immunity and normal endothelial function. It has been proposed that MFAP4 promotes the development of asthma in vivo and proasthmatic pathways of bronchial smooth muscle cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of serum MFAP4 in adolescents and young adolescents with persistent asthma.MethodsProspective, observational study including adolescents and young adults (age 11‐27 years) previously diagnosed with asthma during childhood 2003 to 2005 (0‐15 years) at the four pediatric outpatient clinics in the Region of Southern Denmark (n = 449). Healthy controls were recruited at follow‐up (n = 314). Detection of serum MFAP4 was performed by AlphaLISA technique.ResultsCurrent asthma was associated to a 14% higher mean level of serum MFAP4 compared with controls (expβ 1.14, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.05‐1.23) and a 6% higher mean level compared with subjects with no current asthma (expβ 1.06, 95% CI, 0.99‐1.13). No association was found at follow‐up between serum MFAP4 and self‐reported atopic symptoms (other than asthma), Asthma Control Test‐score, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), nor to flow rate at 1 second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory flow 25% to 75%, response to short‐acting beta 2 agonist or mannitol.ConclusionsWe found a significantly higher mean level of serum MFAP4 in adolescent and young adults with mild to moderate asthma compared with healthy controls but no association to FeNO and lung function nor to the response to short‐acting beta 2 agonist or mannitol. The result supports the hypothesis that MFAP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma although the marker did not demonstrate any obvious potential as an asthma biomarker in adolescents and young adults with asthma. To understand the possible proasthmatic functions of MFAP4, further investigation in specific asthma phenotypes and the underlying molecular mechanisms is warranted.
Determination of optical parameters of the porcine eye and development of a simulated model
Authors: Regal Simon , O'Connor Denise , Brige Pauline , Delattre Roger , Djenizian Thierry , Ramuz Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe eye is a very sophisticated system of optical elements for the preeminent sense of vision. In recent years, the number of laser surgery to correct the optical aberration such as myopia or astigmatism has significantly increased. Consequently, improving the knowledge related to the interactions of light with the eye is very important in order to enhance the efficiency of the surgery. For this reason, a complete optical characterization of the porcine eye is presented in this study. Kubelka‐Munk and Inverse Adding‐Doubling methods were applied to spectroscopy measurement to determine the absorption and scattering coefficients. Furthermore, the refractive index has been measured by ellipsometry. The different parameters were obtained for the cornea, lens, vitreous humor, sclera, iris, choroids and eyelid in the visible and infrared region. Thereafter, the results are implemented in a COMSOL Multiphysics® software to create an eye model. This model gives a better understanding of the propagation of light in the eye by adding optical parts such as the iris, the sclera or the ciliary bodies. Two simulations show the propagation of light from the cornea to the retina but also from the sclera to the retina. This last possibility provides a better understanding of light propagation during eye laser surgery such as, for example, transscleral cyclophotocoagulation.Figure: Eye simulation models allow the development of new laser treatments in a simple and safe way for patients. To this purpose, the creation of an eye simulated model based on optical parameters obtained from experimental data is presented in this study. This model will facilitate the understanding of the light propagation inside the porcine eye.
Assessing the development and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using multiparametric photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging
Authors: Guo Heng , Wang Qin , Qi Weizhi , Sun Xun , Ke Bowen , Xi Lei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by polyarthritis, is a chronic, systemic and inflammatory autoimmune disease. In this study, we developed a dual‐modality multiparametric photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging technique, and successfully derived multiple parameters such as relative concentration of total hemoglobin (CHbT), ratio of angiogenesis, joint size and area of synovia to assess the development and treatment of RA. We established a model of adjuvant arthritis using a total number of 15 rats and randomly divided them into three groups: (a) targeted group in which the rats received targeted antirheumatic drugs; (b) nontargeted group in which the rats were treated with nontargeted antirheumatic drugs; (c) control group. We longitudinally monitored the joints of the rats in all three groups for up to 20 days and carried out quantitative analysis to evaluate the development and treatment of RA based on the derived parameters. The results suggest that the proposed dual‐modality imaging technique is able to assess the effectiveness of the RA treatment using quantitative hemodynamic and morphological parameters. To show the clinical feasibility of this technique, we performed in vivo joint studies of health volunteers to visualize both structures and inside hemodynamics of the distal interphalangeal joint.
Quantitative assessment of microenvironment characteristics and metabolic activity in glioma via multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Fang Na , Wu Zanyi , Wang Xingfu , Lin Yuanxiang , Li Lianhuang , Huang Zufang , Chen Yupeng , Zheng Xianying , Cai Shanshan , Tu Haohua , Kang Dezhi , Chen Jianxin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTumor microenvironment and metabolic activity in gliomas are the important biomarkers to evaluate the progression of gliomas. Many evidences have suggested that the targeting of metabolic activity and tumor microenvironment simultaneously can be more effective to take the tumor therapy. Therefore, the noninvasive, accurate assessment of tumor microenvironment and metabolic activity is quite important in clinical practice. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on two‐photon‐excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation was performed on unstained glioma tissues. With our combined image analysis approaches, our research findings indicate that MPM is able to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the microenvironment characteristics in gliomas, such as collage deposition in extracellular matrix, lymphocyte infiltration and tumor angiogenesis, etc. Meanwhile, the metabolic activity can also be quantitatively evaluated by optical redox ratio, NADH and FAD intensity. With the microendoscope and fiberscope are portable, MPM technique can be used to perform in‐vivo studies and clinical examinations in gliomas.
Interaction of fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells with poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based hydrogel substrates
Authors: Sanguinet Eduardo de O. , Siqueira Nataly M. , Menezes Felipe de C. , Rasia Gisele M. , Lothhammer Nívia , Soares Rosane M. D. , Meirelles Flávio V. , Bressan Fabiana F. , Bos‐Mikich Adriana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a promising means of creating custom‐tailored cell lines for cellular therapies. Their application in regenerative medicine, however, depends on the possibility that the maintenance and differentiation of cells and organs occur under defined conditions. One major component of stem cell culture systems is the substrate, where the cells must attach and proliferate. The present study aimed to investigate the putative cytotoxic effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based matrices on the in vitro culture of mouse fetal fibroblasts. In addition, the PVA‐based hydrogels were used to determine the capacity of bovine induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) to adhere and proliferate on synthetic substrates. Our results show that both cell types interacted with the substrate and presented proliferation during culture. The biPSCs formed new colonies when cell suspensions were placed onto the hydrogel surface for culture. These results may represent a new characterized xeno‐free clinical grade culture system to be widely applied in cell‐based therapies.
Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles and 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles Using an Efficient Nanocatalyst of Fe3O4@SiO2–APTES‐supported Trifluoroacetic Acid
Authors: Fatahi Hosna , Jafarzadeh Mohammad , Pourmanouchehri Zahra 
Published: June 2019

Fe3O4@SiO2–APTES‐supported trifluoroacetic acid nanocatalyst was used for the one‐pot synthesis of α‐aminonitriles via a three‐component reaction of aldehydes (or ketones), amines, and sodium cyanide. This method produced a high yield of 75–96% using only a small amount of the catalyst (0.05 g) in EtOH at room temperature. The catalyst was also employed for the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H‐tetrazoles from nitriles and sodium azide in EtOH at 80°C. The tetrazoles were produced with good‐to‐excellent yields in a short reaction time of 4 h. Both synthetic methods were carried out in the absence of an organic volatile solvent. Because the supported trifluoroacetic acid generated a solid acid on the surface, thus the acid corrosiveness was not a serious challenge. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst was magnetically recovered and reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
Body cavities in bryozoans: Functional and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Shunatova Natalia , Tamberg Yuta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBased on morphological evidence, Bryozoa together with Phoronida and Brachiopoda are traditionally combined in the group Lophophorata, although this view has been recently challenged by molecular studies. The core of the concept lies in the presence of the lophophore as well as the nature and arrangement of the body cavities. Bryozoa are the least known in this respect. Here, we focused on the fine structure of the body cavity in 12 bryozoan species: 6 gymnolaemates, 3 stenolaemates and 3 phylactolaemates. In gymnolaemates, the complete epithelial lining of the body cavity is restricted to the lophophore, gut walls, and tentacle sheath. By contrast, the cystid walls are composed only of the ectocyst‐producing epidermis without a coelothelium, or an underlying extracellular matrix; only the storage cells and cells of the funicular system contact the epidermis. The nature of the main body cavity in gymnolaemates is unique and may be considered as a secondarily modified coelom. In cyclostomes, both the lophophoral and endosaccal cavities are completely lined with coelothelium, while the exosaccal cavity only has the epidermis along the cystid wall. In gymnolaemates, the lophophore and trunk cavities are divided by an incomplete septum and communicate through two pores. In cyclostomes, the septum has a similar location, but no openings. In Phylactolaemata, the body cavity is undivided: the lophophore and trunk coeloms merge at the bases of the lophophore arms, the epistome cavity joins the trunk, and the forked canal opens into the arm coelom. The coelomic lining of the body is complete except for the epistome, lophophoral arms, and the basal portions of the tentacles, where the cells do not interlock perfectly (this design probably facilitates the ammonia excretion). The observed partitioning of the body cavity in bryozoans differs from that in phoronids and brachiopods, and contradicts the Lophophorata concept.