bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory and Field-Based Assessment of the Effects of Sediment Capping Materials on Zinc Flux, Bioavailability, and Toxicity
Authors: Cervi Eduardo Cimino , Thiamkeelakul Kesiree , Hudson Michelle , Rentschler Alison , Nedrich Sara , Brown Steven S. , Burton G. Allen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A former mining site has been the subject of extensive remediation and restoration, with a significant focus on disconnecting mine spoils from groundwater and managing the quantity and quality of runoff. A remaining task is ensuring concentrations of zinc (Zn) in the stream outflow of a pit lake are reduced below water quality standards. The efficacy of multiple capping materials for decreasing Zn dissolution from sediments was conducted under natural and reasonable worst-case conditions (pH = 5.5). Capping materials included AquaBlok™, limestone, and limestone–bone char. Field exposures were conducted in limnocorrals that isolated overlying water columns above the sediment and capping treatments. Simultaneous in situ and ex situ toxicity tests were conducted using Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus. In situ caged organisms were protected from temperature shock (warm epilimnetic waters) by deploying within a Toxicity Assessment Container System (TACS). Organisms were exposed to surficial sediments, caps, and hypolimnetic overlying waters for 4 d. Ex situ testing was conducted in core tube mesocosms containing sediments and caps at similar temperatures (15–19 °C). Results demonstrated the usefulness of TACS deployment in stratified lake systems. There were no differences in responses between treatments involving sediment capping materials in both in situ and ex situ tests. The lack of differences was likely due to dissolved Zn in surface water being below the hardness-adjusted threshold effects levels (164 μg L–1). This field- and laboratory-based weight-of-evidence study provided site-specific data to support the selection of an effective remedy, with reduced uncertainty compared to laboratory and chemistry-only approaches. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:240–249. © 2019 SETAC
Tissue Distribution, Growth Dilution, and Species-Specific Bioaccumulation of Organic Ultraviolet Absorbents in Wildlife Freshwater Fish in the Pearl River Catchment, China
Authors: Peng Xianzhi , Zhu Zewen , Xiong Songsong , Fan Yujuan , Chen Guangshi , Tang Caiming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tissue distributions and body-size dependent and species-specific bioaccumulation of 12 organic ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs) were investigated in 9 species of wildlife freshwater fish from the Pearl River catchment, South China. The concentrations of the 12 UVAs were from 109 to 2320 ng/g lipid weight in the fish tissue samples. The UVAs 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3), octocrylene (OCR), UV531, and 5 benzotriazole UV stabilizers (UVP, UV329, UV234, UV328, and UV327) were detected in more than half of the fish tissue samples. The UVA UV531 showed an obvious potential for bioaccumulation in the wild freshwater fish, with an estimated bioaccumulation factor (log BAF) and a biota–sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of 4.54 ± 0.55 and 4.88 ± 6.78, respectively. Generally, liver (989 ± 464 ng/g lipid wt) contained the highest level of UVAs, followed in decreasing order by belly fat (599 ± 318 ng/g lipid wt), swimming bladder (494 ± 282 ng/g lipid wt), dorsal muscle (470 ± 240 ng/g lipid wt), and egg (442 ± 238 ng/g lipid wt). The bioaccumulation of UVAs in the freshwater wild fish was species specific and compound dependent. Bottom-dwelling detritus-ingesting omnivorous fish contained obviously higher UVA concentrations, suggesting that detritus/sediment ingestion is a significant pathway for exposure of the wild freshwater fish to the UVAs. The UVAs UV531 and BP-3 demonstrated a potential for growth dilution. Metabolism might play a significant role in elimination of the UVAs in the fish tissues, with the highest rate of metabolism in the liver. The UVAs did not demonstrate obvious trophic magnification in the freshwater ecosystem of the Pearl River catchment. More research is warranted to elucidate maternal transfer of the UVAs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:343–351. © 2019 SETAC
Learning to define an electrical biomarker of the epileptogenic zone
Authors: Li Jian , Grinenko Olesya , Mosher John C. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge , Leahy Richard M. , Chauvel Patrick 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of fast activity as a potential biomarker in localization of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) remains controversial due to recently reported unsatisfactory performance. We recently identified a “fingerprint” of the EZ as a time‐frequency pattern that is defined by a combination of preictal spike(s), fast oscillatory activity, and concurrent suppression of lower frequencies. Here we examine the generalizability of the fingerprint in application to an independent series of patients (11 seizure‐free and 13 non‐seizure‐free after surgery) and show that the fingerprint can also be identified in seizures with lower frequency (such as beta) oscillatory activity. In the seizure‐free group, only 5 of 47 identified EZ contacts were outside the resection. In contrast, in the non‐seizure‐free group, 104 of 142 identified EZ contacts were outside the resection. We integrated the fingerprint prediction with the subject's MR images, thus providing individualized anatomical estimates of the EZ. We show that these fingerprint‐based estimates in seizure‐free patients are almost always inside the resection. On the other hand, for a large fraction of the nonseizure‐free patients the estimated EZ was not well localized and was partially or completely outside the resection, which may explain surgical failure in such cases. We also show that when mapping fast activity alone onto MR images, the EZ was often over‐estimated, indicating a reduced discriminative ability for fast activity relative to the full fingerprint for localization of the EZ.
Overriding Adaptive Resistance to Sorafenib Through Combination Therapy With Src Homology 2 Domain–Containing Phosphatase 2 Blockade in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Leung Carmen Oi Ning , Tong Man , Chung Katherine Po Sin , Zhou Lena , Che Noélia , Tang Kwan Ho , Ding Jin , Lau Eunice Yuen Ting , Ng Irene Oi Lin , Ma Stephanie , Lee Terence Kin Wah 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aims
The survival benefit of sorafenib for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unsatisfactory due to the development of adaptive resistance. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that drug resistance can be acquired by cancer cells by activating a number of signaling pathways through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs); nevertheless, the detailed mechanism for the activation of these alternative pathways is not fully understood.

Approach and Results
Given the physiological role of Src homology 2 domain–containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) as a downstream effector of many RTKs for activation of various signaling cascades, we first found that SHP2 was markedly up‐regulated in our established sorafenib‐resistant cell lines as well as patient‐derived xenografts. Upon sorafenib treatment, adaptive resistance was acquired in HCC cells through activation of RTKs including AXL, epidermal growth factor receptor, EPH receptor A2, and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor, leading to RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK), and AKT reactivation. We found that the SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 abrogated sorafenib resistance in HCC cell lines and organoid culture in vitro by blocking this negative feedback mechanism. Interestingly, this sensitization effect was also mediated by induction of cellular senescence. SHP099 in combination with sorafenib was highly efficacious in the treatment of xenografts and genetically engineered models of HCC.

Conclusions
SHP2 blockade by SHP099 in combination with sorafenib attenuated the adaptive resistance to sorafenib by impeding RTK‐induced reactivation of the MEK/ERK and AKT signaling pathways. SHP099 in combination with sorafenib may be a safe therapeutic strategy against HCC.
Is open defaecation in outdoor recreation and camping areas a public health issue in Australia? A literature review
Authors: Stevenson Leah C. , Allen Tammy , Mendez Diana , Sellars David , Gould Gillian S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIssue addressedIn Australia, natural areas used for outdoor recreation activities or camping often have limited or no sanitation infrastructure. Recreationist and campers may use open defaecation practices where toilets are not provided. Contaminated soils and watercourses are associated with gastrointestinal illnesses. This review aims to determine if open defaecation is a public health issue in outdoor recreation and camping areas in Australia.MethodA literature review was conducted using the following search engines: CINAHL, Informit Database, Scopus, ProQuest Science & Technology, Medline (Ovid) and EBSCOhost. Inclusion criteria for this review were both experimental and observational research designs for studies describing the public health issues associated with open defaecation practice.ResultsOut of 12 147 papers identified, only three studies met the inclusion criteria, showing a lack of research into this area. Included were two studies that addressed human waste management practices in outdoor environments and the breakdown of human waste in alpine regions of Tasmania. The third study measured water contamination at a freshwater beach on K'gari‐Fraser Island, Queensland. Visitors to natural areas are potentially at high risk of illness due to exposure to faecal contamination from other visitors using unsafe open defaecation practices in high‐use camping areas.ConclusionThe limited number of studies addressing open defaecation in the outdoor recreation and camp areas in Australia indicates this review is a starting point to identify critical areas that may be of concern when managing visitors in an outdoor recreation setting. This review recommends investigating barriers and enablers motivating human disposal waste in these settings to help formulate health promotion content; environmental management policies related to sanitation and hygiene should be also underpinned by public health policy; and providing appropriate sanitation options depending on the ecological and visitor numbers to natural areas.So what‐relevance of findingsOutdoor recreation activities offer physical and mental health benefits for communities. The popularity of outdoor recreation activities is on the increase in Australia. With the rise in visitation to natural areas, management of human waste needs to be addressed to reduce the public health risk of illness.
Histomorphology of the glans penis in Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae species (Chiroptera, Mammalia)
Authors: Jubilato Fernanda C. , Comelis Manuela T. , Bueno Larissa M. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Góes Rejane M. , Morielle‐Versute Eliana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe penises of bats are taxonomically distinctive in size and shape. In addition, they are variable in microscopic anatomy, indicating that histomorphological studies of copulatory organs of bats may help understanding their successful reproductive strategies. We studied adult males of 13 species of vespertilionid and phyllostomid bats. Both families exhibited the basic structure of the vascular penis of mammals: the hydrostatic elements of the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum surrounding the urethra, as well as accessory cavernous tissue. Variation in the position and amount of the tissues were observed in these families. Vespertilionid bats have a small glans penis with abundant accessory cavernous tissue on the prepuce and a highly variable baculum. The baculum varied in size and morphology, even among congeneric species, such as the three Lasiurus species and the two Myotis species. Phyllostomid species possess no bacula, but vascular structures are present to produce penile stiffening, particularly on the glans. Variation in the microscopic anatomy of the phyllostomid prepuce was observed, for example, Artibeus species had accessory cavernous tissue surrounded by a tunica albuginea, but Carollia perspicillata had two bundles of striated musculature and some adipose tissue; abundant pigments were present in the prepuce of most species.
Patch aggregation trends of the global climate landscape under future global warming scenario
Authors: Lu Hongwei , Guan Yanlong , He Li , Adhikari Hari , Pellikka Petri , Heiskanen Janne , Maeda Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe global temperature has increased approximately 0.9°C over the past 50 years and is projected to continue to increase. Many efforts have been taken to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of climate classification zones in response to the rising temperature. However, the changing dynamics of the spatial climate patterns remain poorly understood. It is thus desired that the unobserved characteristics of the global climate patterns, such as aggregation and subdivision, are explored from the landscape perspective. Here, we demonstrate that the global climate zones have undergone a process of aggregation during the past 100 years and that this dynamic is expected to continue in the future. The climate aggregation effect is especially evident in the Arctic, Tibet, and East Africa. We find that the tropical, arid, temperate, and cold climates are aggregating while the polar climate zone exhibits subdivision. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates a clear spatial aggregation process with a latitudinal feature. We should pay enough attention to the phenomenon of patch aggregation of global climate landscape pattern, which will undoubtedly help us to deepen our understanding of global climate change and help to further explore the feedback relationship between climate and biological systems.
Comparison of North Atlantic Oscillation‐related changes in the North Atlantic sea ice and associated surface quantities on different time scales
Authors: Wu Renguang , Wang Yuqi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBy separating variations on different time scales, the present study reveals important differences in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐related sea ice concentration (SIC), surface air temperature (SAT), and sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for trend, interdecadal, and interannual variations. The SIC has a prominent decreasing trend in the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea, collocating with an increasing SAT trend and a weak increasing SST trend in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. The wind trends display a weak NAO signal. Corresponding to the positive interdecadal NAO phase, the SIC shows a decreasing trend in the Greenland and Barents Seas. The SAT change features a west negative‐east positive pattern along with positive anomalies extending to the Greenland Sea. The SST change is very weak in the Greenland Sea. Corresponding to the positive interannual NAO phase, the SIC change is opposite between the Greenland/Barents Seas and the Labrador Sea. The SAT change is characterized by a broad west–east pattern over the mid‐high latitudes. The SST change features an east–west dipole pattern in the mid‐latitude North Atlantic Ocean. In both interdecadal and interannual variations, NAO‐related meridional wind anomalies induce anomalous advection that contributes to the SAT change together with upward long‐wave radiation. The SIC and SAT changes are coupled closely through surface heat fluxes in all the three time scales. The present results suggest that it is necessary to distinguish time scales in studying the relationship among SIC, SAT, and SST variations.
Preparation of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester from fish oil ethyl esters by continuous batch chromatography
Authors: Li Yanmei , Zhao Lei , Huang Xiaolei , Zhang Liguang , Li Jingjing , Zhang Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFish oils are rich in eicosapentaenoic acid, which has the wide‐ranging biological activities. The rapid and efficient separation of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester from fish oils ethyl ester is still regarded as a challenge. In this study, we described an effective and flexible chromatography for eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester preparation, named continuous batch chromatography, which combined the batch chromatography with the continuous chromatographic operation mode. After continuous batch chromatography experiment, the recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester was 82.01%, the average relative purity and the relative highest purity of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester were 97.82 and 98.98%. The productivity of continuous batch chromatography was 5.48 times higher than that of batch chromatography, while the solvent consumption of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester was 78% of the batch chromatography. This study provided a reference for the separation of the targeted chemical component from multi‐component mixtures.
High‐Fat Diet from Weaning until Early Adulthood Impairs T Cell Development in the Thymus
Authors: Li Hao , Wetchapinant Chattiya , Zhang Liya , Wu Kunpeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe growing prevalence of childhood obesity has become a serious health problem over the past few decades. Although the immune system is greatly affected by childhood obesity, whether obesity influences the T cell development in the thymus is poorly understood. In this study, we used a high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity mice model to study the influence of HFD from weaning on the thymus. C57BL/6 mice (male, 3 weeks old) were fed a HFD or standard diet (lean controls) for 6 weeks. The bodyweight of mice fed with an HFD was 28% higher than that in the control group, while the thymus weight of HFD mice decreased by 15% compared with controls. As expected, thymic triacylglycerol content of the HFD mice increased by 37% compared to the control mice. Importantly, the frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ single‐positive (SP) thymocytes decreased by 38% and 44%, respectively. The apoptotic analysis revealed that thymic tissue of HFD mice had a higher level of Annexin‐V positive thymocytes than control animals. Furthermore, the immunoblotting analysis showed that survival signal pathways in the thymus were impaired in the HFD mice, including the AKT/mTOR and ERK pathways. With the analysis of T‐cell receptor excision circles (TREC), we found that HFD‐induced obesity decreased recent thymic emigrants in spleen tissue. Our findings indicate that HFD from the weaning period impairs T cell development in the thymus, possibly by induction of apoptosis of thymocytes, involving disruption of survival signal pathways.
3D‐Printing of High‐κ Thiol‐Ene Resins with Spiro‐Orthoesters as Anti‐Shrinkage Additive
Authors: Marx Philipp , Romano Angelo , Roppolo Ignazio , Chemelli Angela , Mühlbacher Inge , Kern Wolfgang , Chaudhary Sunny , Andritsch Thomas , Sangermano Marco , Wiesbrock Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether and the spiro‐orthoester 2‐((allyloxy)methy)‐1,4,6‐trioxospiro[4.4]nonane can be formulated in different ratios and crosslinked by thiol‐ene reactions. The spiro‐orthoester is used as anti‐shrinkage additive, enabling shrinkage reduction of up to 39%. Addition of a radical photoinitiator for the thiol‐ene reaction and a cationic photoinitiator for the double ring‐opening of the spiro‐orthoester enables dual‐curing for application in 3D‐printing. The formulation free of the spiro‐orthoester shows gelation during the printing process and, correspondingly, low resolution. The formulations containing the spiro‐orthoester exhibit higher resolutions in the range of 50 µm. The resins containing mixtures of tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether and the spiro‐orthoester show permittivities as high as 104. The dielectric loss factor of the resins is in the range of 0.5–7.6, and the conductivity in the range of 1.3⋅10−11 to 2.0⋅10−11 S cm−1. These high‐κ materials can be 3D‐printed by digital light processing for the next generation of electronic materials.
Microstrip array antenna bandwidth enhancement using reactive surface
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arun , Yang Dooheon , Nam Sangwook 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA single layer reactive screen, made of printed elements, is introduced to increase the bandwidth of a patch array antenna. It is found that by decreasing the periodicity of the printed elements on the screen, the return loss bandwidth can be improved significantly compared with a two‐layered stacked patch counterpart. Simulated results are shown, and the bandwidth improvements are explained in terms of a standard stub‐matching procedure that is normally exercised in microwave circuits.
A simple and efficient technique to improve the performance of compact circular‐polarized slot antenna
Authors: Park Donghee , Qu Longyue , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this letter, a circularly polarized (CP) slot antenna with compact size is proposed for global positioning system (GPS) applications. An annular slot structure is adopted in this design because it inherently has two orthogonal degenerate modes, called one‐wavelength modes. Lumped capacitors are utilized so that miniaturized antenna size of 0.26
λ0 × 0.26
λ0 is obtained, but the axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is narrow because of high‐Q characteristics of the slot modes, providing a rapid change in phase difference near the operating frequency. Accordingly, an additional T‐shaped strip is implemented on the ground in the proposed design, which is known as ground‐mode tuning technique, to improve the ARBW. The T‐shaped strip provides a slower change of the phase difference between the two orthogonal slot modes, efficiently contributing to a greatly improved ARBW. The proposed antenna achieves a 3 dB ARBW of 50 MHz, which is over two times wider than that of the reference antenna. The operation mechanisms of the proposed antenna design are analyzed, and a comparison with typical slot antennas is discussed.
Magnetoelectric composite coupled by bonding material in energy trapping vibration for RF/microwave devices
Authors: Zhou Guang‐Zhu , Qu Shi‐Wei , Yang Shiwen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling and electrical impedance of thickness extensional vibration mode in ME composite are investigated. The piezoelectric and magnetostrictive layers are adhered by epoxy, which acts as a central substrate layer, and the vibration is trapped by the electrodes located at the center of the piezoelectric material so as to generate energy trapping vibration mode. Parametric studies are performed to evaluate the influences of epoxy thickness and electrode dimensions on ME coupling and electrical impedance. It is found that the ME coupling increases to a peak value as the central epoxy thickness increases, and then it decreases because of the clamping effect. Therefore, an optimal thickness of the epoxy layer exits to achieve the maximum ME effect. In the converse ME effect, the electrical impedance decreases and then increases vs the thickness increase of the central substrate. In addition, the electrical impedance declines as the electrode radius increases. It is numerically demonstrated that good impedance matching can be achieved by properly design of the electrode dimensions.