bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmological test using the Hubble diagram of high-z quasars
Authors: Melia Fulvio 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
It has been known for over three decades that the monochromatic X-ray and UV luminosities in quasars are correlated, though non-linearly. This offers the possibility of using high-z quasars as standard candles for cosmological testing. In this paper, we use a recently assembled, high-quality catalogue of 1598 quasars extending all the way to redshift ∼6, to compare the predictions of the Rh = ct and Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmologies. In so doing, we affirm that the parameters characterizing the correlation depend only weakly on the chosen cosmology, and that both models account very well for the data. Unlike ΛCDM, however, the Rh = ct model has no free parameters for this work, so the Bayesian Information Criterion favours it over ΛCDM with a relative likelihood of $\sim 88{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ versus $\sim 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This result is consistent with the outcome of other comparative tests, many of which have shown that Rh = ct is favoured over the standard model based on a diverse range of observations.
DNA-PKcs promotes chromatin decondensation to facilitate initiation of the DNA damage response
Authors: Lu Huiming , Saha Janapriya , Beckmann Pauline J , Hendrickson Eric A , Davis Anthony J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) encompasses the cellular response to DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs), and includes recognition of the DSB, recruitment of numerous factors to the DNA damage site, initiation of signaling cascades, chromatin remodeling, cell-cycle checkpoint activation, and repair of the DSB. Key drivers of the DDR are multiple members of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase family, including ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR), and the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). ATM and ATR modulate multiple portions of the DDR, but DNA-PKcs is believed to primarily function in the DSB repair pathway, non-homologous end joining. Utilizing a human cell line in which the kinase domain of DNA-PKcs is inactivated, we show here that DNA-PKcs kinase activity is required for the cellular response to DSBs immediately after their induction. Specifically, DNA-PKcs kinase activity initiates phosphorylation of the chromatin factors H2AX and KAP1 following ionizing radiation exposure and drives local chromatin decondensation near the DSB site. Furthermore, loss of DNA-PKcs kinase activity results in a marked decrease in the recruitment of numerous members of the DDR machinery to DSBs. Collectively, these results provide clear evidence that DNA-PKcs activity is pivotal for the initiation of the DDR.
Dynamic architecture of the Escherichia coli structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complex, MukBEF
Authors: Rajasekar Karthik V , Baker Rachel , Fisher Gemma L M , Bolla Jani R , Mäkelä Jarno , Tang Minzhe , Zawadzka Katarzyna , Koczy Oliwia , Wagner Florence , Robinson Carol V , Arciszewska Lidia K , Sherratt David J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ubiquitous Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes use a proteinaceous ring-shaped architecture to organize and individualize chromosomes, thereby facilitating chromosome segregation. They utilize cycles of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding and hydrolysis to transport themselves rapidly with respect to DNA, a process requiring protein conformational changes and multiple DNA contact sites. By analysing changes in the architecture and stoichiometry of the Escherichia coli SMC complex, MukBEF, as a function of nucleotide binding to MukB and subsequent ATP hydrolysis, we demonstrate directly the formation of dimer of MukBEF dimer complexes, dependent on dimeric MukF kleisin. Using truncated and full length MukB, in combination with MukEF, we show that engagement of the MukB ATPase heads on nucleotide binding directs the formation of dimers of heads-engaged dimer complexes. Complex formation requires functional interactions between the C- and N-terminal domains of MukF with the MukB head and neck, respectively, and MukE, which organizes the complexes by stabilizing binding of MukB heads to MukF. In the absence of head engagement, a MukF dimer bound by MukE forms complexes containing only a dimer of MukB. Finally, we demonstrate that cells expressing MukBEF complexes in which MukF is monomeric are Muk−, with the complexes failing to associate with chromosomes.
The MLL1 trimeric catalytic complex is a dynamic conformational ensemble stabilized by multiple weak interactions
Authors: Kaustov Lilia , Lemak Alexander , Wu Hong , Faini Marco , Fan Lixin , Fang Xianyang , Zeng Hong , Duan Shili , Allali-Hassani Abdellah , Li Fengling , Wei Yong , Vedadi Masoud , Aebersold Ruedi , Wang Yunxing , Houliston Scott , Arrowsmith Cheryl H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Histone H3K4 methylation is an epigenetic mark associated with actively transcribed genes. This modification is catalyzed by the mixed lineage leukaemia (MLL) family of histone methyltransferases including MLL1, MLL2, MLL3, MLL4, SET1A and SET1B. The catalytic activity of this family is dependent on interactions with additional conserved proteins, but the structural basis for subunit assembly and the mechanism of regulation is not well understood. We used a hybrid methods approach to study the assembly and biochemical function of the minimally active MLL1 complex (MLL1, WDR5 and RbBP5). A combination of small angle X-ray scattering, cross-linking mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and computational modeling were used to generate a dynamic ensemble model in which subunits are assembled via multiple weak interaction sites. We identified a new interaction site between the MLL1 SET domain and the WD40 β-propeller domain of RbBP5, and demonstrate the susceptibility of the catalytic function of the complex to disruption of individual interaction sites.
Methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines for nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Grammatikopoulou Maria G , Theodoridis Xenophon , Gkiouras Konstantinos , Lampropoulou Maria , Petalidou Arianna , Patelida Maria , Tsirou Efrosini , Papoutsakis Constantina , Goulis Dimitrios G 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextEnsuring a healthy pregnancy and achieving optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) are important for maternal and child health. Nevertheless, the nutritional advice provided during pregnancy is often conflicting, suggesting limited adherence to clinical practice guidelines (CPGs).ObjectiveThe aim of this review was to identify all CPGs on maternal nutrition and GWG and to critically appraise their methodological quality.Data SourcesThe MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, Guidelines International Network, and BMJ Best Practice databases, along with gray literature, were searched from inception until February 2019 for CPGs and consensus, position, and practice papers.Study SelectionClinical practice guidelines published in English and containing advice on maternal nutrition or GWG were eligible.Data ExtractionTwo authors independently extracted data on items pertaining to maternal nutrition or GWG, and CPGs were appraised using the AGREE II instrument.ResultsTwenty-two CPGs were included. All scored adequately in the “scope” domain, but most were considered inadequate with regard to stakeholder involvement, rigor of development, applicability, and editorial independence. Many CPGs lacked patient or dietician involvement, and more than half did not disclose funding sources or conflicts of interest. Guidance on GWG was based mostly on Institute of Medicine thresholds, while nutrition recommendations appeared scattered and heterogeneous.ConclusionDespite the importance of maternal nutrition and the plethora of advising bodies publishing relevant guidance, there is room for substantial improvement in terms of development standards and content of nutritional recommendations.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42019120898.
American Hebrew Literature
Authors: Katz Stephen 
Published: July 2019

Over two million Jewish refugees immigrated to the United States between 1880 and 1924, escaping poverty and persecution of the tsar and similar anti-Semitic regimes, until the 1924 Johnson-Reed (Immigration) Act constricted the passage through the country’s open gates. That migration included established and future Hebrew (Yiddish and English) literati whose contributions presaged the establishment, supplementing earlier immigrations by Sephardi, German, and other Jews, of a new world center of modern Hebrew literature and culture, much in keeping with its predecessors, large and small, back in Berlin, Italy, Galicia, and Russia. This one took root in the United States, waxed, and briefly competed with its growing “sibling” in Eretz Yisrael, only to wilt and wane, leaving behind virtually no progeny by the 1960s. When active, this geographically scattered center produced a considerable literary oeuvre, much of which remains the purview of the few able or interested to read it, while little has been translated and thematically marginalized in the shadow of Eretz Israeli concerns, modernisms, linguistic deviations, and nationalist programs. Hebraists in America identified with and saw themselves as direct heirs to their European Hebrew literary roots, drawing inspiration from the likes of S. Tchernichovsky and H. N. Bialik, poetry being the leading genre in the first decades. Yet, after a period of nostalgic looking-back, they also drew on models from English literature and the new landscape that opened before them. While depicting the world left behind, Hebraists also sought to Americanize their works and settings. Looking about them, they focused on the experience of the Big City, the great outdoors, and exotic locales from east to west. Perplexing though it might not have been, their palette also ran to the encounters with Gentiles, and, most intriguingly, they represented in Hebrew the lives and folk culture of Native and African Americans in lengthy compositions that rivaled those written in English. So while the nostalgic glances initially gave rise to a pessimism about America being the land that devours and assimilates its inhabitants, these soon gave way to an Americanization of Hebrew letters that became the expression of a settled community looking at the here-and-now in its representation of the Jewish (or Hebraic) experience and a mature sensibility that gave rise to the Bellows, Malamuds, Roths, Ozicks, Hellmans, and Ginsbergs from the second half of the 20th century onward. Though all Hebraists of those generations have passed away, a few new writers of Hebrew—Maya Arad, Reuven Namdar, and Robert Whitehill-Bashan among them—call America their home today (with other expatriates spending a long or short time outside Israel, among them Shelly Oria in the United States; Ayelet Tsabari in Canada; Yonatan Sagiv in the UK; Yossi Avni-Levy in Poland; and Adam Coman, Mati Shemoelof, and Itamar Orlev in Germany). Studies of American Hebrew literature are few in English, though some have recently appeared, prompting, hopefully, closer scrutiny of this center that was.
Home-Based Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction to Improve Quadriceps Muscle and Physical Function After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report
Authors: Kilgas Matthew A , DenHerder Alicia E , Lytle Lydia L M , Williams Cameron T , Elmer Steven J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Purpose
After total knee arthroplasty (TKA), persistent quadriceps muscle atrophy and weakness impairs physical function. Blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise is emerging as a potential method to improve muscle size and strength in clinical populations with orthopedic limitations. There are no randomized controlled studies documenting BFR exercise after TKA. This case report describes the use of home-based BFR exercise to increase quadriceps size, strength, and physical function after TKA.

Case Description
A 59-year-old man (6 months post-TKA) performed body weight and walking exercises with BFR 5×/wk for 8 weeks. Blood flow in the TKA leg was restricted using a thigh cuff inflated to 50% of limb occlusion pressure. Lean leg mass, vastus lateralis thickness, knee extensor strength, and physical function were measured at baseline (6 months post-TKA), posttraining (8 months post-TKA), and long-term follow-up (14 months post-TKA).

Outcomes
After training, lean leg mass, vastus lateralis thickness, and knee extensor strength in the TKA leg increased by 4%, 14%, and 55%, respectively. Compared with baseline, posttraining knee extensor strength symmetry (TKA/uninvolved leg) increased from 64% to 98%. The patient’s performance improved for the 30-second chair stand, 40-m fast walk, and 6-minute walk tests. Increased quadriceps and physical function were maintained at the long-term follow-up.

Discussion
With enhanced quadriceps and physical function, the patient resumed independent physical activity. Muscle and strength gains surpassed those typically reported after TKA. Outcomes suggest that home-based BFR exercise was feasible, safe, and effective. BFR exercise after TKA is promising and warrants further research.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Federal Design and Economic Growth
Authors: Uttermark Matthew J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFederal design matters—but how? Federalism research has addressed the longstanding question whether federalism is linked with economic growth, but with differing results. In this study, I address the possible linkage using measures from the empirically rich Regional Authority Index. Examining federalism over time across approximately seventy nations, I evaluate the conceptually distinct expectations of self-rule and shared-rule federalism on several measures of economic development. The results fail to find an association between either self-rule or shared-rule and economic development, supporting the argument that the linkage is weak or even nonexistent.
Regulating Household Leverage
Authors: Defusco Anthony A , Johnson Stephanie , Mondragon John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article studies how credit markets respond to policy constraints on household leverage. Exploiting a sharp policy-induced discontinuity in the cost of originating certain high-leverage mortgages, we study how the Dodd–Frank “Ability-to-Repay” rule affected the price and availability of credit in the U.S. mortgage market. Our estimates show that the policy had only moderate effects on prices, increasing interest rates on affected loans by 10–15 basis points. The effect on quantities, however, was significantly larger; we estimate that the policy eliminated 15% of the affected market completely and reduced leverage for another 20% of remaining borrowers. This reduction in quantities is much greater than would be implied by plausible demand elasticities and indicates that lenders responded to the policy not only by raising prices but also by exiting the regulated portion of the market. Heterogeneity in the quantity response across lenders suggests that agency costs may have been one particularly important market friction contributing to the large overall effect as the fall in lending was substantially larger among lenders relying on third-parties to originate loans. Finally, while the policy succeeded in reducing leverage, our estimates suggest this effect would have only slightly reduced aggregate default rates during the housing crisis.
Factors Influencing Growth of Children Aged 12–24 Months in the Tanga Region, Tanzania
Authors: Elverud Ingvild Skålnes , Størdal Ketil , Chiduo Mercy , Klingenberg Claus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The first 1000 days of life, from conception to the second birthday, offer a unique window of opportunity for optimal growth, critical for future health. The primary aim of this study was to analyze growth of children between 12 and 24 months age in Tanzanian children, and to explore possible predictors for growth.

Methods
Observational, cross-sectional study performed between March and April 2017. Eligible children, and their mothers, attended routine follow-up at two health clinics in Tanga, Tanzania. At the study day, the child’s weight and height were recorded. The mothers answered a structured interview regarding breastfeeding, immunization and socioeconomic conditions.

Results
We recruited 300 mother–child pairs. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age at study visit was 16 (14–20) months. Mothers reported that 170 (57%) of their children were exclusively breastfed for a minimum of 6 months; median (IQR) 6 (4–6) months. Using the World Health Organization (WHO) standard growth curves, mean weight-for-age Z-score was −0.30 and mean length-for-age Z-score was −0.47. Children whose mothers had higher education had higher Z-scores for weight and length compared to children of mothers with lower education. Education remained the most important predictor for growth also after adjusting for other variables. Overall, 48/300 (16%) were moderate-severe stunted and 25/300 (8.4%) had moderate-severe underweight.

Conclusion
Children aged 12–24 months in this region of Tanzania had weight and height below the WHO standard. Higher educated mothers had children with better growth parameters. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was long, but did not predict growth parameters.
Masking Release for Speech-in-Speech Recognition Due to a Target/Masker Sex Mismatch in Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: Leibold Lori J. , Browning Jenna M. , Buss Emily 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
The goal of the present study was to compare the extent to which children with hearing loss and children with normal hearing benefit from mismatches in target/masker sex in the context of speech-in-speech recognition. It was hypothesized that children with hearing loss experience a smaller target/masker sex mismatch benefit relative to children with normal hearing due to impairments in peripheral encoding, variable access to high-quality auditory input, or both.

Design:
Eighteen school-age children with sensorineural hearing loss (7 to 15 years) and 18 age-matched children with normal hearing participated in this study. Children with hearing loss were bilateral hearing aid users. Severity of hearing loss ranged from mild to severe across participants, but most had mild to moderate hearing loss. Speech recognition thresholds for disyllabic words presented in a two-talker speech masker were estimated in the sound field using an adaptive, forced-choice procedure with a picture-pointing response. Participants were tested in each of four conditions: (1) male target speech/two-male-talker masker; (2) male target speech/two-female-talker masker; (3) female target speech/two-female-talker masker; and (4) female target speech/two-male-talker masker. Children with hearing loss were tested wearing their personal hearing aids at user settings.

Results:
Both groups of children showed a sex-mismatch benefit, requiring a more advantageous signal to noise ratio when the target and masker were matched in sex than when they were mismatched. However, the magnitude of sex-mismatch benefit was significantly reduced for children with hearing loss relative to age-matched children with normal hearing. There was no effect of child age on the magnitude of sex-mismatch benefit. The sex-mismatch benefit was larger for male target speech than for female target speech. For children with hearing loss, the magnitude of sex-mismatch benefit was not associated with degree of hearing loss or aided audibility.

Conclusions:
The findings from the present study indicate that children with sensorineural hearing loss are able to capitalize on acoustic differences between speech produced by male and female talkers when asked to recognize target words in a competing speech masker. However, children with hearing loss experienced a smaller benefit relative to their peers with normal hearing. No association between the sex-mismatch benefit and measures of unaided thresholds or aided audibility were observed for children with hearing loss, suggesting that reduced peripheral encoding is not the only factor responsible for the smaller sex-mismatch benefit relative to children with normal hearing.
The Association of Lifetime and Deployment-Acquired Traumatic Brain Injury With Postdeployment Binge and Heavy Drinking
Authors: Adams Rachel Sayko , Campbell-Sills Laura , Stein Murray B. , Sun Xiaoying , Larson Mary Jo , Kessler Ronald C. , Ursano Robert J. , Jain Sonia , Corrigan John D. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To investigate associations of lifetime traumatic brain injury (LT-TBI) prior to an index deployment, and/or deployment-acquired TBI (DA-TBI), with postdeployment binge and heavy drinking.

Setting:
Soldiers from 3 Brigade Combat Teams deployed to Afghanistan in 2012.

Participants:
A total of 4645 soldiers who participated in the Army STARRS Pre/Post Deployment Study and completed 4 assessments: T0 (1-2 months predeployment), T1 (upon return to United States), T2 (3 months postdeployment), and T3 (9 months postdeployment).

Design:
Prospective, longitudinal study controlling for baseline binge drinking.

Main Measures:
Self-reported past month binge drinking (5+ alcoholic beverages on the same day) and past month heavy drinking (binge drinking at least weekly) at T2 and T3.

Results:
In total, 34.3% screened positive for LT-TBI, and 19.2% screened positive for DA-TBI. At T2 only, LT-TBI, but not DA-TBI, was associated with increased odds of binge drinking (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.60, P < .001) and heavy drinking (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09-1.49, P = .007). Among the subgroup with LT-TBI, also having DA-TBI was associated with increased risk of heavy drinking at T3 (AOR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.03-1.95, P = .047).

Conclusion:
Routine screening for LT-TBI may help target efforts to prevent alcohol misuse among military members.
Diagnostic and Treatment Trends in Children With Kawasaki Disease in the United States, 2006–2015
Authors: Dominguez Samuel R. , Birkholz Meghan , Anderson Marsha S. , Heizer Heather , Jone Pei-Ni , Glode Mary P. , Todd James K. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
To evaluate variations in treatment practice and compliance with national guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation of children with Kawasaki disease (KD).

Study Design:
We used the Pediatric Hospital Information System database to analyze demographic, laboratory and treatment data from patients admitted with KD between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015.

Results:
During the study period, 12,089 children with KD were diagnosed. Nearly all patients had a complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein ordered. Fewer patients had alanine aminotransferase (48.6%) or a urinalysis (75.3%). A small percentage of children had abdominal imaging (11.5%), neck imaging (5.9%), and lumbar punctures (4.5%), and 36.0% of patients received antibiotic therapy. Obtaining echocardiograms pretreatment and the use of steroids and infliximab significantly increased over the study period (P < 0.001). For patients who failed initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) monotherapy, 82.0% received a second dose of IVIG, 7.7% received steroids, 6.5% received infliximab, and 3.9% received combination therapy. Patients receiving infliximab or steroids as second therapy had a higher response rate than those who received only a second IVIG dose (87.9% versus 83.0% versus 73.3%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
KD remains a challenging diagnosis. Opportunities exist for earlier use of echocardiograms in the evaluation of children with potential KD. Significant variations in practice exist surrounding second-line therapy. Our data suggest superiority of second-line therapy use of infliximab or steroids over IVIG in terms of reducing need for additional therapies. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to confirm this finding.