bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN INTERVIEW WITH PAUL A. VOLCKER
Authors: MEHRLING PERRY 
Published: September 2019

Paul A. Volcker has spent most of his life in public service, at the Treasury under President Kennedy (1962–1965) and then as Undersecretary for Monetary Affairs under President Nixon (1969–1974), as President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (1975–1979), and finally as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System under both President Carter and President Reagan (1979–1987). Born in 1927, his world view was formed by childhood experience of the Great Depression and World War II, times of great national trial that led ultimately to recommitment and reconstruction. He went into public service in order to be a part of the rebuilding effort, but it was his fate instead to be involved mainly in managing pressures that would ultimately lead to the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system internationally and the Glass–Steagall banking system domestically. Consequently, there is some sadness today when he looks back on his career, but there is also a sense of accomplishment. In spite of everything, there was no depression and there was no world war. The possibility and hope for progress in years to come remains alive.The interview took place in Volcker's office at Rockefeller Center in New York City. His fourth-floor windows look out over the sunken plaza to the gold-leafed statue of Prometheus stealing fire from the gods, and then on farther to the elegant GE building, which is familiar to anyone who has visited New York. Over the front entrance it is just possible to see the inscription adapted from Isaiah 33:6, “Wisdom and Knowledge shall be the stability of thy times.” It strikes me as an appropriate inscription for the building, reminding one that this most beautiful complex was built in the years of the Great Depression. Today, with the forthcoming interview in mind, it reminds me also of the stakes involved in the conduct of monetary policy.
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ in the Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Xue Yuan , Yang Kaili , Wang Bingya , Liu Chang , Mao Zhenxing , Yu Songcheng , Li Xing , Wang Yan , Sun Hualei , Wang Chongjian , Li Wenjie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:The present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reproducibility of a thirteen-item FFQ regarding identification of dietary conditions in a rural population in China.Design:A reproducibility study repeated the first FFQ (FFQ1) approximately 4 weeks later (FFQ2). A validity study evaluated the mean of three consecutive 24 h diet recalls as the reference measure.Setting:Cross-sectional study.Participants:Residents of a rural area in Henan Province, which is located in the central region of China.Results:A total of 295 individuals participated in the reproducibility study. In addition, 123 people agreed to participate in the validity study. Spearman’s correlation coefficients between the two FFQ ranged from 0·06 (vegetables) to 0·58 (eggs). Spearman’s correlation coefficients between the two methods of collection ranged from 0·01 for cereal to 0·49 for staple foods. The mean of the intraclass correlation coefficients of the two FFQ (FFQ1 v. FFQ2) was 0·19. Bland–Altman analysis indicated good agreement for most food groups across the range of intake for the two studies.Conclusions:The study demonstrated that our FFQ design could be used as a representative tool to conduct a dietary evaluation of a rural population.
New Methods for Deriving Clear‐Sky Surface Longwave Downward Radiation Based on Remotely Sensed Data and Ground Measurements
Authors: Zhou W. , Shi J. C. , Wang T. X. , Peng B. , Husi L. , Yu Y. C. , Zhao R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccurate knowledge of spatiotemporal characteristics of land surface energy budget is essential to understand the Earth's surface system. To some extent, the continuous development of remote sensing technology makes the estimation of global high‐resolution surface energy budget possible. However, it is still challenging to accurately derive the global longwave downward radiation (LWDR) from space. In this study, two advanced methods were proposed to estimate clear‐sky LWDR based on Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products and corresponding ground measured LWDR from several global distributed radiation networks. One is a sensor‐based Random Forest (RF) method that uses MODIS's surface elevation, sensor zenith angle, column precipitable water vapor (PWC), top of atmosphere radiance of band 28, 31, 34, and 36 as inputs; the other is a sensor‐independent nonlinear regression method, which only uses the land surface temperature (LST) and PWC as inputs. The validation results show that the root mean square errors of RF and nonlinear regression method are less than 25.5 W/m2 and bias are less than 0.5 W/m2 under different tenfold cross‐validation schemes. In addition, the sensitivity analysis indicates that the two models are very stable, and the retrieval errors are independent of changes of LST and PWC, and the accuracy does not rely on variations of land cover types, different observing angles, and different seasons. The comparison analysis indicates that the proposed methods are comparable or even better than existing algorithms. More importantly, the proposed sensor‐independent regression method was designed for generality purpose so can easily be utilized with reasonable accuracy.
Contained Laboratory Earthquakes Ranging From Slow to Fast
Authors: Wu Bill S. , McLaskey Gregory C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLoading a 3‐m granite slab containing a saw‐cut simulated fault, we generated slip events that spontaneously nucleate, propagate, and arrest before reaching the ends of the sample. This work shows that slow (0.07 mm/s slip speeds) and fast (100 mm/s) contained slip events can occur on the same fault patch. We also present the systematic changes in radiated seismic waves both in time and frequency domain. The slow earthquakes are 100 ms in duration and radiate tremor‐like signals superposed onto a low‐frequency component of their ground motion. They are often preceded by slow slip (creep) and their seismic radiation has an ω−1 spectral shape, similar to slow earthquakes observed in nature. The fastest events have slip velocity, stress drop, and apparent stress (0.2 m/s, 0.4 MPa, and 1.2 kPa, respectively) similar to those of typical M −2.5 earthquakes, with a single distinct corner frequency and ω−2 spectral falloff at high frequencies, well fit by the Brune earthquake source model. The gap between slow and fast is filled with intermediate events with source spectra depleted near the corner frequency. This work shows that a fault patch of length p with conditions favorable to rupture can radiate in vastly different ways, based on small changes in
where h* is a critical nucleation length scale. Such a mechanism can help explain atypical scaling observed for low‐frequency earthquakes that compose tectonic tremor.
Version 4 of the SMAP Level‐4 Soil Moisture Algorithm and Data Product
Authors: Reichle Rolf H. , Liu Qing , Koster Randal D. , Crow Wade T. , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M. , Kimball John S. , Ardizzone Joseph V. , Bosch David , Colliander Andreas , Cosh Michael , Kolassa Jana , Mahanama Sarith P. , Prueger John , Starks Patrick , Walker Jeffrey P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level‐4 Soil Moisture (L.4_SM) product provides global, 3‐hourly, 9‐km resolution estimates of surface (0–5 cm) and root zone (0–100 cm) soil moisture with a mean latency of ~2.5 days. The underlying L4_SM algorithm assimilates SMAP radiometer brightness temperature (Tb) observations into the NASA Catchment land surface model using a spatially distributed ensemble Kalman filter. In Version 4 of the L4_SM modeling system the upward recharge of surface soil moisture from below under nonequilibrium conditions was reduced, resulting in less bias and improved dynamic range of L4_SM surface soil moisture compared to earlier versions. This change and additional technical modifications to the system reduce the mean and standard deviation of the observation‐minus‐forecast Tb residuals and overall soil moisture analysis increments while maintaining the skill of the L4_SM soil moisture estimates versus independent in situ measurements; the average, bias‐adjusted root‐mean‐square error in Version 4 is 0.039 m3/m3 for surface and 0.026 m3/m3 for root zone soil moisture. Moreover, the coverage of assimilated SMAP observations in Version 4 is near global owing to the use of additional satellite Tb records for algorithm calibration. L4_SM soil moisture uncertainty estimates are biased low (by 0.01–0.02 m3/m3) against actual errors (computed versus in situ measurements). L4_SM runoff estimates, an additional product of the L4_SM algorithm, are biased low (by 35 mm/year) against streamflow measurements. Compared to Version 3, bias in Version 4 is reduced by 46% for surface soil moisture uncertainty estimates and by 33% for runoff estimates.
Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylome and transcriptome in peripheral blood monocytes for major depression: A Monozygotic Discordant Twin Study
Authors: Zhu Yun , Strachan Eric , Fowler Emily , Bacus Tamara , Roy-Byrne Peter , Zhao Jinying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDNA methylation plays an important role in major depressive disorder (MDD), but the specific genes and genomic regions associated with MDD remain largely unknown. Here we conducted genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) and gene expression (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood monocytes from 79 monozygotic twin pairs (mean age 38.2 ± 15.6 years) discordant on lifetime history of MDD to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with MDD, followed by replication in brain tissue samples. Integrative DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis and network analysis was performed to identify potential functional epigenetic determinants for MDD. We identified 39 DMRs and 30 DEGs associated with lifetime history of MDD. Some genes were replicated in postmortem brain tissue. Integrative DNA methylome and transcriptome analysis revealed both negative and positive correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression, but the correlation pattern varies greatly by genomic locations. Network analysis revealed distinct gene modules enriched in signaling pathways related to stress responses, neuron apoptosis, insulin receptor signaling, mTOR signaling, and nerve growth factor receptor signaling, suggesting potential functional relevance to MDD. These results demonstrated that altered DNA methylation and gene expression in peripheral blood monocytes are associated with MDD. Our results highlight the utility of using peripheral blood epigenetic markers and demonstrate that a monozygotic discordant co-twin control design can aid in the discovery of novel genes associated with MDD. If validated, the newly identified genes may serve as novel biomarkers or druggable targets for MDD and related disorders.
Iguratimod: a valuable remedy from the Asia Pacific region for ameliorating autoimmune diseases and protecting bone physiology
Authors: Li Jie , Bao Jun , Zeng Jian , Yan Aizhu , Zhao Chunqiu , Shu Qiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving several cell types, cytokines, antibodies, and mimicking factors. Different drugs are used to ameliorate these autoimmune reactions, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, antiantibodies, and small molecular drugs (DMARDs), and they are clinically in vogue for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, low cost-effectiveness, reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and patient nonresponse are unappealing factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod. Iguratimod is primarily used to ameliorate RA in Japanese and Chinese clinics. However, its efficacy against other autoimmune ailments is also under intense investigation, and the number of investigations is becoming increasingly larger with each passing day. The articular structure comprises synovium, ligaments, and bone. The latter is more complex than the others since it regulates blood cells and autoimmunity in addition to providing skeletal support to the body. Therefore, its protection is also of prime importance in RA and other autoimmune diseases. Herein, we have highlighted the role of iguratimod in autoimmune diseases and bone protection. We suggest that iguratimod’s unique mode of action compared with that of other DMARDs and its good patient response makes it a suitable antirheumatic and bone-protecting drug.
Oncolytic activity of HF10 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Esaki Shinichi , Goshima Fumi , Ozaki Haruka , Takano Gaku , Hatano Yoshimi , Kawakita Daisuke , Ijichi Kei , Watanabe Takahiro , Sato Yoshitaka , Murata Takayuki , Iwata Hiromitsu , Shibamoto Yuta , Murakami Shingo , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Kimura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recent developments in therapeutic strategies have improved the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nevertheless, 5-year survival rate remains only 40%, necessitating new therapeutic agents. Oncolytic virotherapy entails use of replication-competent viruses to selectively kill cancer cells. We aimed to explore the potential of HF10 as an oncolytic virus against human or mouse HNSCC cell lines, and primary-cultured HNSCC cells. HF10 replicated well in all the HNSCC cells, in which it induced cytopathic effects and cell killing. Next, we investigated the oncolytic effects of HF10 in ear tumor models with human or mouse tumor cells. We detected HF10-infected cells within the ear tumors based on their expression of green fluorescent protein. HF10 injection suppressed ear tumor growth and prolonged overall survival. In the syngeneic model, HF10 infection induced tumor necrosis with infiltration of CD8-positive cells. Moreover, the splenocytes of HF10-treated mice released antitumor cytokines, IL-2, IL-12, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, after stimulation with tumor cells in vitro. The HF10-treated mice that survived their original tumor burdens rejected tumor cells upon re-challenge. These results suggested that HF10 killed HNSCC cells and induced antitumoral immunity, thereby establishing it as a promising agent for the treatment of HNSCC patients.
OmpK36-mediated Carbapenem resistance attenuates ST258 Klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo
Authors: Wong Joshua L. C. , Romano Maria , Kerry Louise E. , Kwong Hok-Sau , Low Wen-Wen , Brett Stephen J. , Clements Abigail , Beis Konstantinos , Frankel Gad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCarbapenem-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) sequence type ST258 is mediated by carbapenemases (e.g. KPC-2) and loss or modification of the major non-selective porins OmpK35 and OmpK36. However, the mechanism underpinning OmpK36-mediated resistance and consequences of these changes on pathogenicity remain unknown. By solving the crystal structure of a clinical ST258 OmpK36 variant we provide direct structural evidence of pore constriction, mediated by a di-amino acid (Gly115-Asp116) insertion into loop 3, restricting diffusion of both nutrients (e.g. lactose) and Carbapenems. In the presence of KPC-2 this results in a 16-fold increase in MIC to Meropenem. Additionally, the Gly-Asp insertion impairs bacterial growth in lactose-containing medium and confers a significant in vivo fitness cost in a murine model of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Our data suggests that the continuous selective pressure imposed by widespread Carbapenem utilisation in hospital settings drives the expansion of KP expressing Gly-Asp insertion mutants, despite an associated fitness cost.
TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit organization via Protocadherin 19 in the mammalian cortex
Authors: Lv Xiaohui , Ren Si-Qiang , Zhang Xin-Jun , Shen Zhongfu , Ghosh Tanay , Xianyu Anjin , Gao Peng , Li Zhizhong , Lin Susan , Yu Yang , Zhang Qiangqiang , Groszer Matthias , Shi Song-Hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCerebral cortex expansion is a hallmark of mammalian brain evolution; yet, how increased neurogenesis is coordinated with structural and functional development remains largely unclear. The T-box protein TBR2/EOMES is preferentially enriched in intermediate progenitors and supports cortical neurogenesis expansion. Here we show that TBR2 regulates fine-scale spatial and circuit organization of excitatory neurons in addition to enhancing neurogenesis in the mouse cortex. TBR2 removal leads to a significant reduction in neuronal, but not glial, output of individual radial glial progenitors as revealed by mosaic analysis with double markers. Moreover, in the absence of TBR2, clonally related excitatory neurons become more laterally dispersed and their preferential synapse development is impaired. Interestingly, TBR2 directly regulates the expression of Protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), and simultaneous PCDH19 expression rescues neurogenesis and neuronal organization defects caused by TBR2 removal. Together, these results suggest that TBR2 coordinates neurogenesis expansion and precise microcircuit assembly via PCDH19 in the mammalian cortex.
Spectral quantum tomography
Authors: Helsen Jonas , Battistel Francesco , Terhal Barbara M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe introduce spectral quantum tomography, a simple method to extract the eigenvalues of a noisy few-qubit gate, represented by a trace-preserving superoperator, in a SPAM-resistant fashion, using low resources in terms of gate sequence length. The eigenvalues provide detailed gate information, supplementary to known gate-quality measures such as the gate fidelity, and can be used as a gate diagnostic tool. We apply our method to one- and two-qubit gates on two different superconducting systems available in the cloud, namely the QuTech Quantum Infinity and the IBM Quantum Experience. We discuss how cross-talk, leakage and non-Markovian errors affect the eigenvalue data.
Removal of pepper mild mottle virus by full-scale microfiltration and slow sand filtration plants
Authors: Canh Vu Duc , Furumai Hiroaki , Katayama Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is important to evaluate the removal of enteric viruses by drinking water treatment processes so that viral infection risk can be assessed and managed. However, evaluating the removal of enteric viruses by full-scale treatment processes can be challenging due to the low numbers of viruses and the presence of substances in the water samples that inhibit detection. In this study, we evaluated the removal of pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) by microfiltration (MF) and slow sand filtration (SSF) at two full-scale drinking water treatment plants in Japan, quantifying virus concentrations with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The removal of PMMoV by MF ranged from 0.0 to >0.9 log10, although concentrations were below the detection limit for half of the treated water samples. SSF removed PMMoV by up to 2.8 log10; however, the removal efficiency decreased to 0.0–1.0 log10 under cold water temperatures. Process control showed that nucleic acid extraction and qPCR efficiency were inhibited in nearly 40% of water samples. Dilution, DAX-8, and ferrihydrite treatments for purification were effective in mitigating these inhibitory effects.
Differences in bone density on chest CT according to smoking status in males without chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Kim Cherry , Kim Soriul , Lee Ki Yeol , Kim Nan Hee , Kang Eun-Young , Oh Yu-Whan , Shin Chol 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe goals of this study were to determine whether bone density measured using CT (CTBD) can show significant differences in bone loss according to smoking status and pack-years, and to examine the correlation between CTBD and bone mineral density when measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA-BMD) in males without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this cross-sectional study, 1,011 males without airflow obstruction ≥50 years old were included. CTBD and DEXA-BMD were compared among groups with different smoking statuses. The correlation between CTBD and DEXA-BMD and the association of CTBD with pack-years were also investigated. CTBD of all vertebral bodies (VBs) and DEXA-BMD of all VBs without L1 showed significant differences among never, former, and current smokers. CTBD was significantly lowest in ≥30-pack-year smokers and was significantly lower in ≥30-pack-year smokers than in <15-pack-year smokers (all P < 0.05). There were significant correlations between DEXA-BMD and CTBD at all VB levels (correlation coefficient [r], 0.448~0.640; all P < 0.01). A lower CTBD had a significant association with a 15 ≤ x < 30-pack-year smoking history and ≥30-pack-year smoking history, while there was no association with never-smokers. In conclusion, CTBD demonstrated significant differences in bone quality according to smoking status and pack-years in males without COPD.
A novel magnet-based scratch method for standardisation of wound-healing assays
Authors: Fenu M. , Bettermann T. , Vogl C. , Darwish-Miranda N. , Schramel J. , Jenner F. , Ribitsch I. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel magnetic scratch method achieves repeatability, reproducibility and geometric control greater than pipette scratch assays and closely approximating the precision of cell exclusion assays while inducing the cell injury inherently necessary for wound healing assays. The magnetic scratch is affordable, easily implemented and standardisable and thus may contribute toward better comparability of data generated in different studies and laboratories.
Porous materials of nitrogen doped graphene oxide@SnO2 electrode for capable supercapacitor application
Authors: Ramesh Sivalingam , Yadav H. M. , Lee Young-Jun , Hong Gwang-Wook , Kathalingam A. , Sivasamy Arumugam , Kim Hyun-Seok , Kim Heung Soo , Kim Joo-Hyung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe porous materials of SnO2@NGO composite was synthesized by thermal reduction process at 550 °C in presence ammonia and urea as catalyst. In this process, the higher electrostatic attraction between the SnO2@NGO nanoparticles were anchored via thermal reduction reaction. These synthesized SnO2@ NGO composites were confirmed by Raman, XRD, XPS, HR-TEM, and EDX results. The SnO2 nanoparticles were anchored in the NGO composite in the controlled nanometer scale proved by FE-TEM and BET analysis. The SnO2@NGO composite was used to study the electrochemical properties of CV, GCD, and EIS analysis for supercapacitor application. The electrochemical properties of SnO2@NGO exhibited the specific capacitance (~378 F/g at a current density of 4 A/g) and increasing the cycle stability up to 5000 cycles. Therefore, the electrochemical results of SnO2@NGO composite could be promising for high-performance supercapacitor applications.