bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CEO outsiderness and firm performance in an emerging economy: The moderating role of managerial discretion
Authors: Ataay Aylin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInconsistent findings from prior research on the performance consequences of new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) origin led us to study the moderating effect of managerial discretion on the link between CEO outsiderness and firms’ post-succession performance. Data from 75 CEO succession events from an emerging economy show that new CEO outsiderness, without managerial discretion context influences, has no direct impact on post-succession performance. Further, our findings emphasise the moderating impacts of managerial discretion, stemming from factors in a company’s external and internal contingencies, which either strengthen or weaken the association between new CEO outsiderness and post-succession firm performance. It is found that market complexity, but not munificence, provides CEOs with more discretion in the Turkish context, thus strengthening the positive associations between CEO origin and firm performance. Firms inertia weakens both managerial discretion level and the association between CEO outsiderness and firm performance. The results show that internal corporate governance also matters. Finally, when a CEO assumes the dual role of both the chairman and the CEO, the link between CEO outsiderness and performance of the firm becomes stronger.
A new crinoid fauna from the Taiyuan Formation (early Permian) of Henan, North China
Authors: Mao Yingyan , Webster Gary D. , Ausich William I. , Li Yue , Wang Qiulai , Reich Mike 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA diverse Permian crinoid fauna is reported from the Taiyuan Formation, Dajian Member (Asselian) at Anyang, northeastern Henan Province of the North China Craton. The specimens are well preserved, including articulated crowns and cups. The fauna contains representatives of each of the major Paleozoic crinoid clades: Cladida (including the Flexibilia), Disparida, and Camerata. Identified genera suggest a greater affinity with North American faunas than with Tethyan faunas. Four new species,Neoprotencrinus anyangensis,Ulocrinus qiaoi,Artichthyocrinus limani, andSynbathocrinus chenae, are proposed herein.UUID:http://zoobank.org/D08DDDCD-485C-45CC-A014-C1CB58C26588
Effects of constant and fluctuating temperature on the development of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Chen Z.-Z. , Xu L.-X. , Li L.-L. , Wu H.-B. , Xu Y.-Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is an important pest in many commercial orchards including apple, pear and peach orchards, and responsible for substantial economic losses every year. To help in attaining a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the ecological tolerances of G. molesta, we collected life history data of individuals reared on apples under different constant temperature regimes and compared the data with moths reared under a variable outdoor temperature environment. Because G. molesta individuals reared at a constant 25°C had the heaviest pupal weight, the highest survival rate from egg to adult, highest finite rate of increase, and greatest fecundity, 25°C was considered as the optimum developmental temperature. The G. molesta population reared at a constant 31°C had the shortest development time, lowest survival rate and fecundity, resulting in population parameters of r < 0, λ < 1, lead to negative population growth. The population parameters r and λ reared under fluctuating temperature were higher than that reared under constant temperatures, the mean generation time (T) was shorter than it was in all of the constant temperatures treatments. This would imply that the outdoor G. molesta population would have a higher population growth potential and faster growth rate than indoor populations raised at constant temperatures. G. molesta moths reared under fluctuating temperature also had a higher fertility than moths reared under constant temperatures (except at 25°C). Our findings indicated that the population raised under outdoor fluctuating temperature conditions had strong environment adaptiveness.
FREQUENTLY HYPERCYCLIC BILATERAL SHIFTS
Authors: GROSSE-ERDMANN KARL-G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIt is not known whether the inverse of a frequently hypercyclic bilateral weighted shift on c0(ℤ) is again frequently hypercyclic. We show that the corresponding problem for upper frequent hypercyclicity has a positive answer. We characterise, more generally, when bilateral weighted shifts on Banach sequence spaces are (upper) frequently hypercyclic.
The Husainabad Trust: The case of a Shi‘a heartland?
Authors: PANDIT AISHWARYA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article explores the history of the Husainabad Trust (‘the Trust’), a quasi-religious endowment that supported a number of key Shi‘a institutions in Uttar Pradesh (UP). It asks how Shi‘a elites were able to sustain their political clout and cultural independence in India whereas, in neighbouring Pakistan, they struggled. The fate of the Trust after independence led to a contest between the Shi‘as and the state, but also among Shi‘as themselves. The resulting confrontation between the Shi‘a community in Lucknow and across UP was, it shows, complicated by internal divisions among Shi‘as who, though united against state interference in their religious and royal trusts, were divided on how best to manage them. The Trust assumed importance for Shi‘as after independence because they lost some of the Trust properties to Pakistan and also because the Trust provided the means to support the largest public manifestation of Shi‘a presence in Awadh, Muharram. Husainabad, it suggests, helps to explain how and why Lucknow re-emerged after independence as the heartland of the Shi‘as of India, and arguably of South Asia.
An explicit dense universal Hilbert set
Authors: FILASETA MICHAEL , WILCOX ROBERT 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe provide the first explicit example of a universal Hilbert set${\Ncal S}$having asymptotic density 1 in the set of integers. More precisely, the number of integersnotin${\Ncal S}$with absolute value ≤Xis bounded byX/(logX)δ, where δ = 1 − (1 + loglog 2)/(log 2) = 0.086071. . ..
Post-concussion Symptom Factors and Neuropsychological Outcomes in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Guty Erin , Arnett Peter 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectives:Research indicates that symptoms following a concussion are related to cognitive dysfunction; however, less is known about how different types of symptoms may be related to cognitive outcomes or how specific domains of cognition are affected. The present study explored the relationship between specific types of symptoms and these various cognitive outcomes following a concussion.Methods:One-hundred twenty-two student-athletes with sports-related concussion were tested with a battery that included a symptom report measure and various cognitive tests. Symptoms factors were: Physical, Sleep, Cognitive, Affective and Headache. Participants were grouped into “symptom” and “no symptom” groups for each factor. Cognitive outcomes included both overall performance as well as impairment scores in which individuals were grouped into impaired and not impaired based on a cutoff of 2 or more tests at the impaired level (<80 in standard scores). These cognitive outcomes were examined for all the tests combined and then specifically for the memory tests and attention/processing speed tests. A Bonferroni correction was used, and the results were considered significant at a level ofp<.008.Results:Headache symptoms were significantly (p<.008) associated with overall cognitive impairment as well as memory and attention/processing speed impairment. Sleep symptoms were related to memory impairments.Conclusions:The symptom specific relationships to cognitive outcomes demonstrated by our study can help guide treatment and accommodations for athletes following concussion. (JINS, 2018,24, 1–9)
Suicidal thoughts and attempts in First Nations communities: links to parental Indian residential school attendance across development
Authors: Bombay A. , McQuaid R. J. , Schwartz F. , Thomas A. , Anisman H. , Matheson K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Indian residential school (IRS) system in Canada ran for over a century until the last school closed in 1996. Conditions in the IRSs resulted in generations of Indigenous children being exposed to chronic childhood adversity. The current investigation used data from the 2008–2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey to explore whether parental IRS attendance was associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts in childhood, adolescence and in adulthood among a representative sample of First Nations peoples living on-reserve across Canada. Analyses of the adult sample in Study 1 (unweightedn=7716; weightedn=186,830) revealed that having a parent who attended IRS was linked with increased risk for suicidal thoughts and attempts in adolescence and adulthood. Although females were negatively affected by having a parent who attended IRS, the link with suicidal ideation in adulthood was greater for males. Analyses of the youth sample in Study 2 (unweightedn=2883; weightedn=30,190) confirmed that parental IRS attendance was associated with an increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. In contrast to the adult sample, parental IRS attendance had a significantly greater relation with suicidal ideation among female youth. A significant interaction also emerged between parental IRS attendance and age in the youth sample, with the influence of parental attendance being particularly strong among youth ages 12–14, compared with those 15–17 years. These results underscore the need for culturally relevant early interventions for the large proportions of Indigenous children and youth intergenerationally affected by IRSs and other collective traumas.
Simulation and Assimilation of Passive Microwave Data Using a Snowpack Model Coupled to a Calibrated Radiative Transfer Model Over Northeastern Canada
Authors: Larue F. , Royer A. , De Sève D. , Roy A. , Picard G. , Vionnet V. , Cosme E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOver northern snowmelt‐dominated basins, the snow water equivalent (SWE) is of primary interest for hydrological forecasting. This paper evaluates first the performance of a detailed multilayer snowpack model (Crocus), driven by meteorological predictions generated by the Canadian Global Environmental Multiscale model, for hydrological applications. Simulations were compared to daily snow depth and SWE measurements over Québec, northeastern Canada (56–45°N), for 2012–2016, highlighting an overestimation of the annual maximum snow depth (35%) and of the annual maximum SWE (16%), which is not accurate enough for hydrological applications. To improve SWE simulations, a chain of models is implemented to simulate and to assimilate passive microwave satellite observations. The snowpack model is coupled to a microwave snow emission model (Dense Media Radiative Transfer‐Multilayers model, DMRT‐ML), and the comparison of simulated brightness temperatures (TBs) with surface‐based TB measurements (at 11, 19 and 37 GHz) shows best results when the snow stickiness parameter is set to 0.17 in DMRT‐ML. The overall root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) obtained by the calibrated coupling reaches 27 K, significantly better than the RMSE obtained by considering nonsticky spheres in DMRT‐ML (43.0 K). The relevance of TB assimilation is tested with synthetic observations to evaluate the information content of each frequency for SWE estimates. The assimilation scheme is a Sequential Importance Resampling Particle filter using an ensemble of perturbed meteorological forcing data. The results show a SWE RMSE reduced by 82% with TB assimilation compared to without assimilation.
Effects of Drainage and Subsequent Restoration on Peatland Hydrological Processes at Catchment Scale
Authors: Menberu Meseret Walle , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Ronkanen Anna‐Kaisa , Marttila Hannu , Kløve Bjørn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPotential benefits of peatland restoration by rewetting include carbon sequestration, restored biodiversity, and improved hydrological functions. There is great uncertainty about how catchment hydrological processes change after restoration, with a particular lack of well‐documented catchment runoff data. This study compared five formerly Disturbed (now Restored) and two undisturbed peatlands. In total, 455 and 728 hydrological events were selected for the analysis, using a three‐event selection technique. Mean event runoff coefficient (RC) values varied greatly between conditions and hydrological events. RC in Disturbed conditions was slightly higher than in undisturbed conditions, but RC in Restored conditions was higher than under other conditions. Mean transit time revealed that event rainfall water reached the outlet faster in Disturbed conditions. Mean event peak flow in Disturbed conditions was higher and peaked faster than under other conditions. However, the base flow showed no noticeable difference between treatments. Significantly higher watertable (WT) rise per rainfall input (0.36–0.85 cm/mm) was observed in Disturbed conditions, due to lower specific yield (Sy) values (0.13–0.24) than under Restored and undisturbed conditions (Sy 0.25–0.50). Shallow WT showed significant positive correlations with runoff and storage properties and was a key component of the runoff generation mechanisms in peatlands. Storage‐related parameters (Sy, WT rise per rainfall input) and catchment response time parameters revealed disturbance‐related hydrological changes in peatlands more clearly than other runoff parameters tested (e.g., RC). Overall, with restoration, WT and storage properties recovered to the levels at undisturbed sites but increased runoff was observed occasionally due to wetter antecedent moisture conditions.
Climate Dictates Magnitude of Asymmetry in Soil Depth and Hillslope Gradient
Authors: Inbar Assaf , Nyman Petter , Rengers Francis K. , Lane Patrick N. J. , Sheridan Gary J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHillslope asymmetry is often attributed to differential eco‐hydro‐geomorphic processes resulting from aspect‐related differences in insolation. At midlatitudes, polar facing hillslopes are steeper, wetter, have denser vegetation, and deeper soils than their equatorial facing counterparts. We propose that at regional scales, the magnitude in insolation‐driven hillslope asymmetry is sensitive to variations in climate, and investigate the fire‐prone landscapes in southeastern Australia to evaluate this hypothesis. Patterns of asymmetry in soil depth and landform were quantified using soil depth measurements and topographic analysis across a contemporary rainfall gradient. Results show that polar facing hillslopes are steeper, and have greater soil depth, than equatorial facing slopes. Furthermore, we show that the magnitude of this asymmetry varies systematically with aridity index, with a maximum at the transition between water and energy limitation, suggesting a possible long‐term role of climate in hillslope development.
UV Dayglow Variability on Mars: Simulation With a Global Climate Model and Comparison With SPICAM/MEx Data
Authors: González‐Galindo F. , Chaufray J.‐Y. , Forget F. , García‐Comas M. , Montmessin F. , Jain S. K. , Stiepen A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA model able to simulate the CO Cameron bands and the CO
UV doublet, two of the most prominent UV emissions in the Martian dayside, has been incorporated into a Mars global climate model. The model self‐consistently quantifies the effects of atmospheric variability on the simulated dayglow for the first time. Comparison of the modeled peak intensities with Mars Express (MEx) SPICAM (Spectroscopy for Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars) observations confirms previous suggestions that electron impact cross sections on CO2 and CO need to be reduced. The peak altitudes are well predicted by the model, except for the period of MY28 characterized by the presence of a global dust storm. Global maps of the simulated emission systems have been produced, showing a seasonal variability of the peak intensities dominated by the eccentricity of the Martian orbit. A significant contribution of the CO electron impact excitation to the Cameron bands is found, with variability linked to that of the CO abundance. This is in disagreement with previous theoretical models, due to the larger CO abundance predicted by our model. In addition, the contribution of this process increases with altitude, indicating that care should be taken when trying to derive temperatures from the scale height of this emission. The analysis of the geographical variability of the predicted intensities reflects the predicted density variability. In particular, a longitudinal variability dominated by a wave‐3 pattern is obtained both in the predicted density and in the predicted peak altitudes.
A New Transformative Framework for Data Assimilation and Calibration of Physical Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Models
Authors: Mehta Piyush M. , Linares Richard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccurate specification and prediction of the ionosphere‐thermosphere environment, driven by external forcing, is crucial to the space community. In this work, we present a new transformative framework for data assimilation and calibration of the physical ionosphere‐thermosphere models. The framework has two main components: (i) the development of a quasi‐physical dynamic reduced‐order model (ROM) that uses a linear approximation of the underlying dynamics and effect of the drivers, and (ii) data assimilation and calibration of the ROM through estimation of the ROM coefficients that represent the model parameters. A reduced‐order surrogate for thermospheric mass density from the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM) was developed in previous work. This work concentrates on the second component of the framework—data assimilation and calibration of the TIE‐GCM ROM. The new framework has two major advantages: (i) a dynamic ROM that combines the speed of empirical models for real‐time capabilities with the predictive capabilities of physical models, which has the potential to facilitate improved uncertainty quantification using large ensembles, and (ii) estimation of model parameters rather than the driver(s)/input(s), which allows calibration of the model, thus avoiding degradation of model performance in the absence of continuous data. We demonstrate and validate the framework using simulated and real measurement scenarios. The simulated case uses Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter model output as measurements, while the real data case uses accelerometer‐derived density estimates from CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload and Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer. The framework is a first of its kind, simple yet robust and accurate method with high potential for providing real‐time operational updates to the state of the upper atmosphere in the context of drag modeling for space situational awareness and space traffic management.
Selective excitation and imaging of ultraslow phonon polaritons in thin hexagonal boron nitride crystals
Authors: Ambrosio Antonio , Tamagnone Michele , Chaudhary Kundan , Jauregui Luis A. , Kim Philip , Wilson William L. , Capasso Federico 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe selectively excite and study two new types of phonon-polariton guided modes that are found in hexagonal boron nitride thin flakes on a gold substrate. Such modes show substantially improved confinement and a group velocity that is hundreds of times slower than the speed of light, thereby providing a new way to create slow light in the mid-infrared range with a simple structure that does not require nano-patterning. One mode is the fundamental mode in the first Restrahlen band of hexagonal boron nitride thin crystals on a gold substrate; the other mode is equivalent to the second mode of the second Restrahlen band of hexagonal boron nitride flakes that are suspended in vacuum.The new modes also couple efficiently with incident light at the hexagonal boron nitride edges, as we demonstrate experimentally using photo-induced force microscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy. The high confinement of these modes allows for Purcell factors that are on the order of tens of thousands directly above boron nitride and a wide band, with new perspectives for enhanced light-matter interaction. Our findings demonstrate a new approach to engineering the dispersion of polaritons in 2D materials to improve confinement and light-matter interaction, thereby paving the way for new applications in mid-infrared nano-optics.
A novel MLH1 mutation in a Japanese family with Lynch syndrome associated with small bowel cancer
Authors: Akizawa Yoshika , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Tamura Kazuo , Kanno Toshiyuki , Takahashi Nobuko , Ohki Takeshi , Omori Teppei , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Saito Kayoko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLynch syndrome is a genetic disorder related to cancer predisposition, including colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer. Germline mutations in mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, are responsible for this condition. Cancer tissue specimens resected from small bowel adenocarcinoma in a Japanese patient showed decreased expression of MLH1 and PMS2 by immunohistochemistry testing. Finally, a novel MLH1 mutation, c.1833dup, was identified in this patient.
Large-scale genetic analysis reveals mammalian mtDNA heteroplasmy dynamics and variance increase through lifetimes and generations
Authors: Burgstaller Joerg P. , Kolbe Thomas , Havlicek Vitezslav , Hembach Stephanie , Poulton Joanna , Piálek Jaroslav , Steinborn Ralf , Rülicke Thomas , Brem Gottfried , Jones Nick S. , Johnston Iain G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVital mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) populations exist in cells and may consist of heteroplasmic mixtures of mtDNA types. The evolution of these heteroplasmic populations through development, ageing, and generations is central to genetic diseases, but is poorly understood in mammals. Here we dissect these population dynamics using a dataset of unprecedented size and temporal span, comprising 1947 single-cell oocyte and 899 somatic measurements of heteroplasmy change throughout lifetimes and generations in two genetically distinct mouse models. We provide a novel and detailed quantitative characterisation of the linear increase in heteroplasmy variance throughout mammalian life courses in oocytes and pups. We find that differences in mean heteroplasmy are induced between generations, and the heteroplasmy of germline and somatic precursors diverge early in development, with a haplotype-specific direction of segregation. We develop stochastic theory predicting the implications of these dynamics for ageing and disease manifestation and discuss its application to human mtDNA dynamics.