bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipating the Digital: The Game of Supersurface
Authors: Jovanovic Damjan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the many legacies left by the work of Superstudio was their iconic grid, which stands not only as a visual trope but as a prescient prediction of the way digital tools organise space. Damjan Jovanovic – an architect, educator and software designer based at the Southern California Institute of Architecture (SCI‐Arc) in Los Angeles – discusses the importance of Superstudio's grid in relation to his computer‐game environment Supersurface, which is a virtual re‐creation of the Italian group's proto‐digital collage environments.
What Comes After the Avant‐ Garde?
Authors: Sorkin Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractArchitect, urbanist, writer and New York's éminence grise Michael Sorkin laments the lacuna of politic radical thought that he sees in the nostalgia for the 1960s and 1970s avant‐garde, appropriated purely for its form‐making, and warns that our historic navel‐gazing will not solve anything.
A Solid‐State Aqueous Electrolyte‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistor as a Low‐Voltage Operation Pressure‐Sensitive Platform
Authors: Zhang Qiaoming , Leonardi Francesca , Pfattner Raphael , Mas‐Torrent Marta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors are increasingly impacting a wide variety of novel applications such as wearable health care sensors, in vivo monitoring, and even artificial skin. As a fundamental device component, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are of great interest due to their inherent advantages related to low‐cost solution fabrication processes and compatibility with plastic substrates. During OFET fabrication, it is almost impossible to avoid the water traces in the organic semiconductor (OSC) active layer, especially when ambient solution processing techniques are employed. Water exhibits a strong influence on the electrical performance in OFETs, such as hysteresis and nonideal transfer characteristics. Here, it is shown that the presence of water in OSCs also results in pressure‐sensitive devices caused by the modification of the water dipole alignment. This exciting phenomenon is exploited in a novel OFET, namely, hydrogel‐based electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor (HYGOFET), where a soft water‐based hydrogel layer is employed as a dielectric layer. The hydrogel layer plays two major contributions: 1) providing a constant saturated humidity environment and 2) reducing the operation voltage. The HYGOFET exhibits a high electrical performance and relative long‐term stability. Importantly, this device also exhibits an excellent pressure response in the low‐pressure regime (<10 kPa) working with a very low power consumption.
Biocompatible Nanoplatform Based on Mussel Adhesive Chemistry: Effective Assembly, Dual Mode Sensing, and Cellular Imaging Performance
Authors: Wu Nengtao , Yu Aiwen , Zhang Lingbo , Liu Wanqiang , Gao Jinwei , Zhang Chengcheng , Zheng Yuhui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe condensation reaction between methyldopa sesquihydrate and ethylenediamine is reported and the assembled nanoplatform possesses green luminescence at 520 nm with excitation‐independent feature. The employment of sodium borohydride during synthesis has stabilized the nanoparticle (NP) size and suppressed uncontrolled autoxidation processes. It is appealing to observe that the fluorescence as well as colorimetric titration demonstrates trace level monitoring of silver ions, and the detection limits are determined to be 68 × 10−9 m (fluorometric) and 71 × 10−9 m (colorimetric), respectively. The optical response to Ag+ ions is assigned to a static quenching process and the corresponding redox reaction including particle aggregation may cause the “on‐off” change. During in vitro studies, two living cell lines (HeLa cells and T‐cells) are used and the negligible cytotoxicity of such NP is verified via flow cytometry and 3‐(4,5‐dimethythiazol‐. 2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays. More importantly, the visualization of silver recognition in two cells is realized and the availability of polydopamine‐type NPs for the purpose of bio‐medical evaluation can generate considerable interests in future studies.
Alternation of Singlet and Triplet States in Carbon‐Based Chain Molecules and Its Astrochemical Implications: Results of an Extensive Theoretical Study
Authors: Bâldea Ioan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA variety of homologous carbon chains (HCnH, HCnN, CnS, CnO, and OCnO) are found to exhibit an appealing even–odd effect. Chains containing a number of carbon atoms of a certain parity possess singlet ground states, while members of opposite parity have triplet ground states. From a general perspective, it is important that this even–odd effect confounds straightforward chemical intuition. Whether the most stable form is a triplet or a singlet is neither simply related to the fact that the species in question is a “normal” (closed‐shell, nonradical) molecule nor a (di)radical or to the (e.g., cumulene‐type) C─C bond succession across the chain. From a computational perspective, the present results are important also because they demonstrate that electron correlations in carbon‐based chains are extremely strong. Whether the “gold‐standard” CCSD(T) (coupled‐cluster expansions with single and double excitations and triple excitations corrections) framework suffices to describe such strongly correlated systems remains an open question that calls for further clarification. Most importantly for astrochemistry, the present results may explain why certain members are not astronomically observed although larger members of the same homologous series are detected; the missing species are exactly those for which the present calculations predict triplet ground states.
Technical efficiency and spatial spillovers: Evidence from grain marketing cooperatives in the US Midwest
Authors: Skevas Theodoros , Grashuis Jasper 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo date, no study has investigated the role of spatial spillovers in the technical efficiency of farmer cooperatives. This study addresses this issue by employing a two‐stage approach, first measuring cooperatives' technical efficiency using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and secondly using a bootstrap truncated regression to identify the effect of spatial spillovers and cooperative firm‐level characteristics on technical efficiency. The empirical application focuses on grain marketing cooperatives in the Midwest region of the United States, and shows that spatial spillover effects influence the technical efficiency of neighboring cooperatives. Technical efficiency is also found to be influenced by several cooperative firm‐level characteristics including age, liquidity, differentiation, and membership size. [EconLit citations C21, Q13, R3].
Copper‐Catalyzed Glaser‐Hey‐Type Cross Coupling of 9‐Ethynyl‐α‐Noscapine Leading to Unsymmetrical 1,3‐Diynyl Noscapinoids
Authors: Nagireddy Praveen K. R. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Kantevari Srinivas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCu(I)‐catalyzed Glaser‐Hey‐type cross coupling of 9‐ethynylnoscapine with terminal alkynes has been described that enables synthesis of unsymmetrical noscapine 1,3‐diynes in very good yields in the presence of base and amines as ligands. The symmetrical dimer of 9‐ethynylnoscapine was also isolated as by‐product. Outcome of these couplings critically depends on the choice of ligands and base as well as employed reaction conditions. The synthesized 1,3‐diyne analogues were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity.
Recent Advances in the Functionalization of Hydrocarbons: Synthesis of Amides and its Derivatives
Authors: Reddy Thatikonda Narendar , de Lima Dênis Pires 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe functionalization of hydrocarbons represents an attractive approach for the synthesis of amides. The amide bond is one of the most fascinating functional groups in nature, owing to its high bond polarity, stability, and conformational diversity. Amides play an essential role in the composition of many natural products, agrochemicals, peptides, polymers, proteins, biologically active systems, and functional materials. The present review focuses on recent breakthroughs and current challenges for the functionalization of hydrocarbons to synthesize amides. This review provides comprehensive coverage on recent reports of various efficient metal‐catalyzed and metal‐free methods for the synthesis of amides from hydrocarbons (such as methylarenes, alkenes, and alkynes). We also show the reaction mechanisms of representative reactions in a detailed way with numerous examples and applications of these methods in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.
Syntheses and Biological Properties of Pyrido[3,4‐b]homotropane (PHT) and its Analogues with Bridged Aza‐[n.2.1] Skeletons
Authors: Sun Bingxia , Wang Zhongwen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is one of the targets for developing drugs for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders and for control of agricultural pests. Pyrido[3,4‐b] homotropane (PHT) was originally designed and synthesized by Kanne and co‐workers and showed strong affinity binding to nAChR. PHT has a novel aza‐[4.2.1]nonane skeleton. Owing to its excellent biological activities and novel chemical structure, synthetic and medicinal chemists have been attracted by this molecule. Some PHT analogues with bridged aza‐[n.2.1] skeletons were also designed and synthesized via different strategies. Herein, we summarize the syntheses of PHT and its analogues. Their biological activity study is also briefly discussed.
Diet and adult age‐at‐death among mobile foragers: A synthesis of bioarcheological methods
Authors: Pfeiffer Susan , Cameron Michelle E. , Sealy Judith , Beresheim Amy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe research explores whether the combined study of cortical bone histology, bone morphology, and dietary stable isotopes can expand insights into past human health and adaptations, particularly dietary sufficiency and life span.Materials and methodsMidthoracic rib cortices from 54 South African Late Holocene adult skeletons (28 M, 24 F, two sex undetermined) are assessed by transmitted‐light microscopy for cross‐sectional area measurements, osteon area (On.Ar), osteon population density, and presence/absence of secondary osteon variants. Values for δ13Cbone collagen, δ15Nbone collagen, 14C dates, Southwestern and Southern Cape geographic regions, body size measures, estimated ages‐at‐death from both morphological and histological methods are integrated into analyses, which include Spearman correlations, χ2 tests and Kruskal–Wallis ANOVAs.ResultsThere is reduced On.Ar variability with higher δ15N (r = −.41, p = .005); rib %cortical area and δ15N are negatively correlated in the Southern Cape group (r = −.60, p = .03). Osteon variants are more common in older adults; histological ages at death are significantly older than those determined from gross morphology.DiscussionWe found bone tissue relationships with measures of diet composition, but indicators of dietary adequacy remain elusive. Relationships of tissue quality and isotopes suggest that some Southern Cape adults lived long lives. Osteon variants are associated with age‐at‐death; some association with diet remains possible. Gross morphological methods appear to underestimate adult ages‐at‐death, at least among small‐bodied adults.
Root caries on a Paranthropus robustus third molar from Drimolen
Authors: Towle Ian , Riga Alessandro , Irish Joel D. , Dori Irene , Menter Colin , Moggi‐Cecchi Jacopo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesDental caries is often perceived as a modern human disease. However, their presence is documented in many early human groups, various nonhuman primates and, increasingly, our hominin ancestors and relatives. In this study, we describe an antemortem lesion on the root of a Paranthropus robustus third molar from Drimolen, South Africa, which likely represents another example of caries in fossil hominins.Materials and MethodsThe molar, DNH 40, is dated to 2.0–1.5 Ma and displays a lesion on the mesial root surface, extending from the cementoenamel junction 3 mm down toward the apex. The position and severity of the lesion was macroscopically recorded and micro‐CT scanned to determine the extent of dentine involvement.ResultsA differential diagnosis indicates root caries, as the lesion is indistinguishable from clinical examples. Although necrotic in appearance, external tertiary dentine is evident on a micro CT scan. Gingival recession and/or continuous eruption of the tooth as a result of extensive occlusal wear would have occurred to facilitate caries formation. Therefore, the lesion is likely linked to relative old age of this individual.DiscussionThis new example increases the total number of carious lesions described in P. robustus teeth to 10, on occlusal, interproximal, and now, root surfaces. Beyond the consumption of caries‐causing food, caries formation would have also required the presence of requisite intraoral cariogenic bacteria in this individual and the species. Of interest, the presence of tertiary dentine on the outward surface suggests the DNH 40 lesion may have been arrested, that is, no longer active, perhaps relating to a change in diet or oral microbiome just prior to the individual's death.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclohexanes by Hydrogen Borrowing Annulations
Authors: Armstrong Roly J. , Akhtar Wasim M. , Young Tom A. , Duarte Fernanda , Donohoe Timothy J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHydrogen borrowing catalysis serves as a powerful alternative to enolate alkylation, enabling the direct coupling of ketones with unactivated alcohols. However, to date, methods that enable control over the absolute stereochemical outcome of such a process have remained elusive. Here we report a catalytic asymmetric method for the synthesis of enantioenriched cyclohexanes from 1,5‐diols via hydrogen borrowing catalysis. This reaction is mediated by the addition of a chiral iridium(I) complex, which is able to impart high levels of enantioselectivity upon the process. A series of enantioenriched cyclohexanes have been prepared and the mode of enantioinduction has been probed by a combination of experimental and DFT studies.
An All‐Alkynyl Protected 74‐Nuclei Silver(I)–Copper(I)‐Oxo Nanocluster: Oxo‐Induced Hierarchical Bimetal Aggregation and Anisotropic Surface Ligand Orientation
Authors: Yang Yang , Jia Tao , Han Ying‐Zi , Nan Zi‐Ang , Yuan Shang‐Fu , Yang Feng‐Lei , Sun Di 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe hardness of oxo ions (O2−) means that coinage‐metal (Cu, Ag, Au) clusters supported by oxo ions (O2−) are rare. Herein, a novel μ4‐oxo supported all‐alkynyl‐protected silver(I)–copper(I) nanocluster [Ag74−xCuxO12(PhC≡C)50] (NC‐1, avg. x=37.9) is characterized. NC‐1 is the highest nuclearity silver–copper heterometallic cluster and contains an unprecedented twelve interstitial μ4‐oxo ions. The oxo ions originate from the reduction of nitrate ions by NaBH4. The oxo ions induce the hierarchical aggregation of CuI and AgI ions in the cluster, forming the unique regioselective distribution of two different metal ions. The anisotropic ligand coverage on the surface is caused by the jigsaw‐puzzle‐like cluster packing incorporating rare intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅metal agostic interactions and solvent molecules. This work not only reveals a new category of high‐nuclearity coinage‐metal clusters but shows the special clustering effect of oxo ions in the assembly of coinage‐metal clusters.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Stachys lavandulifolia flower, and their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing properties
Authors: Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi , Joshani Zeinab , Zangeneh Akram , Miri Elnaz 
Published: July 2019

In a biological process where the herbal tea (Stachys lavandulifolia) aqueous extract was applied as a capping and reducing agent, nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) were synthesized. These AgNPs were characterized using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The synthesized AgNPs had great cell viability dose‐dependently [investigating the effect of the plant on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line] and indicated this method was non‐toxic. In this study, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging test was carried out to examine antioxidant properties, which revealed similar antioxidant properties for AgNPs and butylated hydroxytoluene. Agar diffusion tests were applied to determine the antibacterial characteristics. The macro‐broth tube test was run to determine minimum inhibitory concentration. All data of antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing examinations were analyzed by SPSS 21 software (Duncan post hoc test). AgNPs showed higher antibacterial property than all standard antibiotics (p ≤ 0.01). Also, AgNPs prevented the growth of all bacteria at 2–8 mg/ml concentrations and destroyed them at 2–16 mg/ml concentrations (p ≤ 0.01). For the in vivo experiment, after creating the cutaneous wound, the rats were randomly divided into six groups: untreated control; treatment with Eucerin basal ointment; treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment; treatment with 0.2% AgNO3 ointment; treatment with 0.2% S. lavandulifolia ointment; and treatment with 0.2% AgNPs ointment. These groups were treated for 10 days. For histopathological and biochemical analysis of the healing trend, a 3 × 3‐cm section was prepared from all dermal thicknesses at day 10. Use of AgNPs ointment in the treatment groups substantially reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, macrophage and lymphocyte, and remarkably raised (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared with other groups. Seemingly, AgNPs can be used as a medical supplement owing to their non‐cytotoxic, antioxidant, antibacterial and cutaneous wound‐healing properties.
Metalloporphyrins‐Al3+porous coordination polymers: Preparations, Characterizations and Catalytic Properties
Authors: Song Dengmeng , Bai Xiaolong , Yang Yong , Zhao Xin , Wang Ning , Li Jun 
Published: July 2019

In this work, metalloporphyrins‐based MOGs were synthesized as precursor to prepare porous coordination polymers (PCPs). Firstly, the carboxyl metalloporphyrins MCPp (M = Zn (II), Co (II), Cu (II), Mn (III)OAc; CPp = 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐(3‐carboxy)phenoxy)phenylporphyrin) were synthesized as gelator. Then, the metalloporphyrin‐based MOGs were prepared with MCPp and Al(NO3)3·9H2O by sol–gel method. Moreover, the residual reactants and solvent molecules in MOGs were removed by Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2extraction to get the finial porous coordination polymers. This methodology effectually avoids the collapse of frame construction. Compared with the reference material prepared by the oven‐dry method, these PCPs exhibit much higher BET surface ranging from 398 to 439 m2 g−1. The PCPs were carefully characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, SEM, TEM and PXRD, and exhibit excellent catalytic activities and stabilities for the oxidation of ethylbenzene.
Synthesis of Pyrazolo‐[4́,3́:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐diones Catalyzed by a Nano‐sized Surface‐Grafted Neodymium Complex of the Tungstosilicate via Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Daraie Mansoureh , Heravi Majid M. , Mirzaei Masoud , Lotfian Nahid 
Published: July 2019

An inorganic–organic hybrid based on lanthanide clusters and Keggin type polyoxometalates (POMs) (Na[Nd (pydc‐OH)(H2O)4]3}[SiW12O40]) was used the first time as trinuclear catalyst for one pot synthesis of pyrazolo[4́́,3́:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐diones, via two different four and five‐component reactions involving hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, aryl aldehydes, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyl uracil or barbituric acid with ammonium acetate as alternative materials in green condition. To evaluate potential application of the as‐made hybrid in adsorption and separation processes, nitrogen adsorption was performed at 77 K through simulation study. The hybrid catalyst was further characterized via powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) at room temperature which indicated the good phase purity of the catalyst. The results show that the catalytic activity of the hybrid catalyst has increased relative to each parent component due to the special interaction between Keggin anions and pydc‐OH ligands.
Land‐based and climatic stressors of mangrove cover change in the Auckland Region, New Zealand
Authors: Suyadi  , Gao Jay , Lundquist Carolyn J. , Schwendenmann Luitgard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Changes in mangrove forest cover (increases and decreases) have been observed globally as a result of the influence of environmental changes and human impacts. Although mangrove forest increases are globally uncommon, in New Zealand mangroves are increasing in distribution at the expense of other intertidal estuarine habitats.
This study quantified the change in mangrove area over a period of 74 years (1940–2014), and investigated the influence of land‐based (e.g. land use conversion in the catchments), climatic, and oceanic factors on the change in temperate mangrove forest cover in the Auckland Region of New Zealand over that period.
An improved mapping approach using aerial photographs and Landsat images was applied to quantify changes in tall and dwarf mangrove cover, and to identify the mechanism of change (expansion, gap filling, and loss), across 38 estuaries in the Auckland Region, New Zealand.
Mangrove area increased from 2313 ha in 1940 to 10 483 ha in 2014 (on average 3.2% yr−1), with higher rates in small estuaries (<1000 ha) than in large estuaries (>1000 ha). The area of the intertidal mudflat habitat, i.e. potential area for mangrove colonization, has doubled from 14 193 ha in 1974 to 28 764 ha in 2014. The increase in total mangrove area was explained primarily by gap filling followed by expansion. The proportion of expansion‐related increase was predominantly seaward (82%) but mangroves also expanded upstream (16%).
Boosted regression tree analysis revealed that catchment forest cover, sea level, and mean annual air temperature explained around 85% of the variation in mangrove area. Periods of catchment forest clearing coincided with gains in mangrove forest area. Dwarf mangroves were more sensitive to changes in sea level, in particular over the past 25 years, when the annual sea‐level rise exceeded the sediment accumulation rates.
Catchment land use, especially the clearing of forests, associated with increased sediment supply into estuaries is the strongest driver of mangrove forest gain. Thus, land‐use management is a necessary aspect of the management of New Zealand estuaries to conserve the diversity of estuarine habitats (including mangroves) and the ecosystem services that each habitat provides.
Counter‐Anion‐Regulated Mixed‐Valency of Cobalt(II/III) Centers in a Metallosupramolecular Framework
Authors: Hashimoto Akari , Yoshinari Nobuto , Nakano Motohiro , Konno Takumi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA diamagnetic AuI4CoIII2 hexanuclear complex, [Au4Co2(dppe)2(l‐nmc)4]2+ ([1L‐nmc]2+; dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, l‐H2nmc=N‐methyl‐l‐cysteine), was newly synthesized by the reaction of [Co(l‐nmc)2]− with [Au2Cl2(dppe)] and crystallized with different inorganic anions (X=ClO4−, NO3−, Cl−, SO42−) to produce ionic solids ([1L‐nmc]Xn). Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that all the solids crystallize in the chiral space group F432 with a face‐centered‐cubic lattice structure consisting of supramolecular octahedra of complex cations. The paramagnetic nature of all the solids was evidenced by magnetic susceptibility measurements, showing the variation of the oxidation states of two cobalt centers in [1L‐nmc]n+ from CoII1.00CoIII1.00 for X=ClO4− or NO3− to CoII0.67CoIII1.33 for X=Cl−, via CoII0.83CoIII1.17 for X=SO42−. The difference in the CoII/III mixed‐valences was explained by the difference in sizes and charges of counter anions accommodated in lattice interstices with a fixed volume.