bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hup bi'id ɨd: Shamanic incantation at the nexus of language and culture
Authors: Epps Patience , Ramos Danilo Paiva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the genre of shamanic incantation (bi'id ɨd) among the Hup people of the northwest Amazon. We consider the artistic features that characterize bi'id ɨd as both verbal art and powerful shamanic action – most notably the intersecting layers of parallelism, the leveraging of metaphor from both literal and figurative perspectives, and the strategic use of evidentials. We also consider the astonishingly complex taxonomy and cosmography the genre embodies, with its ontological classification of the plants, animals, and other beings within the diverse environments of the Hup world (rivercourse, forest, sky, water, etc.). As we lay out here, Hup bi'id ɨd provides an example par excellence of Sherzer's conception of discourse as the nexus of language and culture, and an illustration of the fact that a rich understanding of language and culture must make reference to both together.
Excellent Self-Rated Health Associated With Activities of Higher Intensities: A Compositional Data Analysis Approach
Authors: von Rosen Philip , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: August 2019

Background: This study investigates the association between self-rated health and the time spent in sedentary behavior (SB), low light-intensity physical activity (LLPA), high light-intensity physical activity (HLPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), by controlling for demographics, socioeconomic status, and chronic diseases. Methods: A total of 1665 participants (55% women) completed a questionnaire about demographics, chronic diseases, and anthropometric characteristics and provided objective physical activity data on time in SB, LLPA, HLPA, and MVPA, using an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer. Association between self-rated health and activity data was explored in a compositional data analysis. Results: The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed a significantly lower time spent in MVPA in proportion to time in other movement behaviors (SB, LLPA, and HLPA) for participants who rated their health as alright or poor compared with excellent (P < .001). Participants with poor, compared with excellent health, spent about a third of the time in MVPA (17 vs 50 min), marginally higher time in HLPA (134 vs 125 min), more time in LLPA (324 vs 300 min), and similar time in SB (383 vs 383 min), accounting for confounders and time in other movement behaviors. Conclusions: Promoting MVPA, as opposed to time in other movement behaviors, is suggested to be beneficial for excellent self-rated health.
Comparison of retinal ganglion cell-related layer asymmetry between early glaucoma eyes with superior and inferior hemiretina damage
Authors: Saito Hitomi , Iwase Aiko , Araie Makoto 
Published: August 2019

AimTo compare retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-related layer thickness asymmetry between early open-angle glaucoma (EG) eyes with superior and inferior hemiretina damage.MethodsThis was a retrospective study including 95 EG eyes (mean deviation >−2 dB, including 43 preperimetric glaucoma eyes) with photographically determined glaucomatous retinal nerve fibre layer defect and disc change confined to one hemiretina, and 93 age, sex and refraction matched normal subjects as controls. Ganglion cell complex, ganglion cell layer+inner plexiform layer and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence imaging were compared between the affected and unaffected hemiretinae within each glaucoma eye as well as to those of the corresponding hemiretina of normal control eyes.ResultsIntraeye comparison revealed that there was no significant difference in all parameters between the affected and unaffected hemiretinae in eyes with superior hemiretina damage (p=0.110~0.343) while all parameters were thinner in the affected inferior hemiretina compared with the unaffected superior hemiretina in eyes with inferior hemiretina damage (p<0.001). The affected hemiretina of both groups were thinner compared with normal controls (p<0.001). All parameters of the unaffected hemiretina of eyes with superior hemiretina damage were thinner than normal controls (p<0.001), while eyes with inferior hemiretina damage showed no significant difference compared with those of their corresponding hemiretina of normal eyes (p=0.086~0.924).ConclusionThe pattern of RGC damage in early stage glaucoma may differ depending on which horizontal hemiretina is affected first.
Dermoscopy for melanoma detection and triage in primary care: a systematic review
Authors: Jones OT , Jurascheck LC , van Melle MA , Hickman S , Burrows NP , Hall PN , Emery J , Walter FM 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveMost skin lesions first present in primary care, where distinguishing rare melanomas from benign lesions can be challenging. Dermoscopy improves diagnostic accuracy among specialists and is promoted for use by primary care physicians (PCPs). However, when used by untrained clinicians, accuracy may be no better than visual inspection. This study aimed to undertake a systematic review of literature reporting use of dermoscopy to triage suspicious skin lesions in primary care settings, and challenges for implementation.DesignA systematic literature review and narrative synthesis.Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and SCOPUS bibliographic databases from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2017, without language restrictions.Inclusion criteriaStudies including assessment of dermoscopy accuracy, acceptability to patients and PCPs, training requirements, and cost-effectiveness of dermoscopy modes in primary care, including trials, diagnostic accuracy and acceptability studies.Results23 studies met the review criteria, representing 49 769 lesions and 3708 PCPs, all from high-income countries. There was a paucity of studies set truly in primary care and the outcomes measured were diverse. The heterogeneity therefore made meta-analysis unfeasible; the data were synthesised through narrative review. Dermoscopy, with appropriate training, was associated with improved diagnostic accuracy for melanoma and benign lesions, and reduced unnecessary excisions and referrals. Teledermoscopy-based referral systems improved triage accuracy. Only three studies examined cost-effectiveness; hence, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions. Costs, training and time requirements were considered important implementation barriers. Patient satisfaction was seldom assessed. Computer-aided dermoscopy and other technological advances have not yet been tested in primary care.ConclusionsDermoscopy could help PCPs triage suspicious lesions for biopsy, urgent referral or reassurance. However, it will be important to establish further evidence on minimum training requirements to reach competence, as well as the cost-effectiveness and patient acceptability of implementing dermoscopy in primary care.Trial registration numberCRD42018091395.
Chinese primary knee osteoarthritis progression cohort (CPKOPC) to evaluate the progression of knee osteoarthritis in the Beijing population: a prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Zhao Minwei , Liang Yupeng , Wang Xinguang , Zeng Lin , Tian Hua 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionMillions of patients are currently suffering from pain and dysfunction caused by osteoarthritis (OA), and billions of dollars have been invested into treatment. Because there is no effective treatment that can reverse the progression of knee OA, it is important to determine the risk factors that may influence the progression. However, although there are many studies that examine risk factors for progression, there are only a few that specifically focus on the impact of each risk factor for predicting progression of knee OA. This study aimed to develop a cohort of patients with primary knee OA in the Beijing area to establish models that identify the influence of each risk factor on the prediction of knee OA progression.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, multicentre, hospital-based cohort study. The study population comprises 2000 patients with primary knee OA from the Beijing area. The recruitment and baseline visits started in December 2017 and will finish in November 2018. After baseline visits, the patients will be followed for 3 years or until the occurrence of primary outcomes. Demographic variables will be collected during the baseline visit. Influencing factors including occupational exposures, family history and treatment will be collected at baseline and each follow-up visit. The primary outcome measure is a comprehensive index which will be combined with clinical WOMAC score, imaging K-L grade and clinical outcomes. These data will also be collected at baseline and each follow-up visit.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee. All the eligible participants will give written informed consent. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national or international conferences. Besides, the results will be disseminated to all participants via the social software ‘WeChat’.Trial registration numberChiCTR-ROC-17013790; preresults.
Educational virtual reality videos in improving bowel preparation quality and satisfaction of outpatients undergoing colonoscopy: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Yi , Xie Feng , Bai Xiaoyin , Yang Aiming , Wu Dong 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionColonoscopy is the reference method in screening and diagnosis of colorectal neoplasm, but its efficacy is closely related to the quality of bowel preparation. Poor patient compliance is a major risk factor for inadequate bowel preparation likely due to poor patient education. Such an education is usually provided via either oral or written instructions by clinicians. However, multiple education methods, such as smartphone applications, have been proved useful in aiding patients through bowel preparation. Also, it was reported that a large proportion of patients feel anxious before colonoscopy. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel method to educate patients and provides them with an immersive experience. Theoretically, it can make patients better prepared for bowel preparation and colonoscopy. However, no prospective studies have assessed the role of this novel technology in patient education before colonoscopy. We hypothesise that VR videos can improve bowel preparation quality and reduce pre-procedure anxiety.Methods/designThe trial is a prospective, randomised, single-blinded, single-centre trial. Outpatients who are scheduled to undergo colonoscopy for screening or diagnostic purposes for the first time will be randomised to receive either the conventional patient education or the conventional methods plus VR videos, and 322 patients will be enrolled from the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The primary endpoint is the quality of bowel preparation, measured by the Boston bowel preparation score. Secondary endpoints include polyp detection rate, adenoma detection rate, cecal intubation rate, patient compliance to complete bowel cleansing, withdrawal time, pre-procedure anxiety, overall satisfaction and willingness for the next colonoscopy.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the institutional review board of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (No. ZS-1647). The results of this trial will be published in an open-access way and disseminated among gastrointestinal physicians and endoscopists.Trial registration numberNCT03667911
Pharmaceutical industry funding of events for healthcare professionals on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in Australia: an observational study
Authors: Behdarvand Behrad , Karanges Emily A , Bero Lisa 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the nature, frequency and content of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC)-related events for healthcare professionals sponsored by the manufacturers of the NOACs in Australia. A secondary objective is to compare these data to the rate of dispensing of the NOACs in Australia.Design and settingThis cross-sectional study examined consolidated data from publicly available Australian pharmaceutical industry transparency reports from October 2011 to September 2015 on NOAC-related educational events. Data from April 2011 to June 2016 on NOAC dispensing, subsidised under Australia’s Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), were obtained from the Department of Health and the Department of Human Services.Main outcome measuresCharacteristics of NOAC-related educational events including costs (in Australian dollars, $A), numbers of events, information on healthcare professional attendees and content of events; and NOAC dispensing rates.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 2797 NOAC-related events, costing manufacturers a total of $A10 578 745. Total expenditure for meals and beverages at all events was $A4 238 962. Events were predominantly attended by general practitioners (42%, 1174/2797), cardiologists (35%, 977/2797) and haematologists (23%, 635/2797). About 48% (1347/2797) of events were held in non-clinical settings, mainly restaurants, bars and cafes. Around 55% (1551/2797) of events consisted of either conferences, meetings or seminars. The analysis of the content presented at two events detected promotion of NOACs for unapproved indications, an emphasis on a favourable benefit/harm profile, and that all speakers had close ties with the manufacturers of the NOACs. Following PBS listings relevant to each NOAC, the numbers of events related to that NOAC and the prescribing of that NOAC increased.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the substantial investment in NOAC-related events made by four pharmaceutical companies had a promotional purpose. Healthcare professionals should seek independent information on newly subsidised medicines from, for example, government agencies or drug bulletins.
TROG 18.01 phase III randomised clinical trial of the Novel Integration of New prostate radiation schedules with adJuvant Androgen deprivation: NINJA study protocol
Authors: Martin Jarad , Keall Paul , Siva Shankar , Greer Peter , Christie David , Moore Kevin , Dowling Jason , Pryor David , Chong Peter , McLeod Nicholas , Raman Avi , Lynam James , Smart Joanne , Oldmeadow Christopher , Tang Colin I , Murphy Declan G , Millar Jeremy , Tai Keen Hun , Holloway Lois , Reeves Penny , Hayden Amy , Lim Tee , Holt Tanya , Sidhom Mark 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive alternative to surgery for the treatment of non-metastatic prostate cancer (PC). The objectives of the Novel Integration ofNew prostate radiation schedules with adJuvant Androgen deprivation (NINJA) clinical trial are to compare two emerging SBRT regimens for efficacy with technical substudies focussing on MRI only planning and the use of knowledge-based planning (KBP) to assess radiotherapy plan quality.Methods and analysisEligible patients must have biopsy-proven unfavourable intermediate or favourable high-risk PC, have an Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1 and provide written informed consent. All patients will receive 6 months in total of androgen deprivation therapy. Patients will be randomised to one of two SBRT regimens. The first will be 40 Gy in five fractions given on alternating days (SBRT monotherapy). The second will be 20 Gy in two fractions given 1 week apart followed 2 weeks later by 36 Gy in 12 fractions given five times per week (virtual high-dose rate boost (HDRB)). The primary efficacy outcome will be biochemical clinical control at 5 years. Secondary endpoints for the initial portion of NINJA look at the transition of centres towards MRI only planning and the impact of KBP on real-time (RT) plan assessment. The first 150 men will demonstrate accrual feasibility as well as addressing the KBP and MRI planning aims, prior to proceeding with total accrual to 472 patients as a phase III randomised controlled trial.Ethics and disseminationNINJA is a multicentre cooperative clinical trial comparing two SBRT regimens for men with PC. It builds on promising results from several single-armed studies, and explores radiation dose escalation in the Virtual HDRB arm. The initial component includes novel technical elements, and will form an important platform set for a definitive phase III study.Trial registration numberANZCTN 12615000223538.
Pathways of healthcare and antibiotics use following reported gastrointestinal illness: a cross-sectional study in rural Anhui, China
Authors: Shen Xing Rong , Xie Maomao , Chai Jing , Feng Rui , Cheng Jing , Liu Rong , Kadetz Paul , Wang DeBin 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo document the factors, and their pathways, that influence healthcare and antibiotics use following reported gastrointestinal illnesses in Anhui province, China.Study designThis study uses cross-sectional design, descriptive statistical analysis, pathway mapping and multivariate logistic regression modelling.SettingHouseholds in 12 villages in Anhui province, China.ParticipantsA total of 3659 residents who: (1) held a registered rural residence and were actually living in the sampled villages when this study was conducted; (2) were aged 18 years and older and (3) were willing to participate and able to answer the survey questions.Outcome measuresPlanned and measured variables included the occurrence of gastrointestinal illness, professional care seeking and antibiotic use due to the illness and factors influencing these measures.ResultsOf the 3659 informants, 29.0% reported gastrointestinal illness episodes in the past year. Of these episodes, 50.2% led to professional care seeking and 65.4% of antibiotic use. Multivariate logistic modelling identifies that: (1) reported gastrointestinal illnesses were more frequent in north compared with middle (OR 0.569, 95% CI 0.472 to 0.686) and south (OR 0.588, 95% CI 0.492 to 0.702) Anhui, and were positively associated with age (B=0.123, p<0.05), knowledge concerning (B=0.248, p<0.05) and practice of (B=0.184, p<0.05) prevention; (2) seeking professional care and antibiotic use following the illness was linked to the severity of symptoms and geographical locations, rather than to specific pathogenic features.ConclusionsReported gastrointestinal illnesses are quite prevalent in the sample population and a large proportion of these have resulted in professional care and antibiotics use. The factors associated with the reported illnesses and pathways of healthcare and antibiotic use, as identified in this study, should inform future research and intervention efforts.
A VGA Linearity Improvement Technique for ECG Analog Front-End in 65nm CMOS
Authors: Nagulapalli Rajasekhar , Hayatleh Khaled , Barker Steve 
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS low-power, highly linear variable gain amplifier (VGA) suitable for biomedical applications. Typical biological signal amplitudes are in the 0.5–100[Formula: see text]mV range, and therefore require circuits with a wide dynamic range. Existing VGA architectures mostly exhibit a poor linearity, due to very low local feedback loop-gain. A technique to increase the loop-gain has been explored by adding additional feedback to the tail current source of the input differential pair. Stability analysis of the proposed technique was undertaken with pole-zero analysis. A prototype of Analog Front End (AFE) has been designed to provide 25–50 dB gain, and post-layout simulations showed a 15[Formula: see text]dB reduction in the harmonic distortion for 20[Formula: see text]mV pk-pk input signal compared to the conventional architecture. The circuit occupies 3,108[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m2 silicon area and consumes 0.43 [Formula: see text]A from a 1.2[Formula: see text]V power supply.
ДИНАМІКА ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ХВОРОБ НА ТЛІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ПЕРЕТВОРЕНЬ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Markovych I. H. 
Published: August 2019

Мета роботи – дослідити вплив на динаміку інфекційної захворюваності населення України деяких епідемічних ризиків в умовах соціально-економічних перетворень.
Для встановлення динаміки інфекційного процесу в Україні проведено ретроспективний епідеміологічний аналіз, який базувався на вивченні багаторічної захворюваності населення за статистичними даними галузевої звітності МОЗ України та Держсанепіднагляду. Для виявлення сили й характеру взаємозв’язку між динамікою показників первинної інфекційної захворюваності населення (поширеності хвороб) та деяких чинників середовища життєдіяльності людини застосовано кореляційний аналіз і побудовано кореляційно-регресійні моделі.
В Україні впродовж 1994-2015 рр. загальна чисельність населення зменшилась на 17,6 %, що супроводжувалося змінами в динаміці інфекційної захворюваності (в бік її зниження), про що свідчить пряма взаємозалежність між динамікою показників, які характеризують ці явища (0,65≤r≤0,73). Соціально-економічні перетворення в Україні призвели до зменшення обсягів утворених відходів від економічної діяльності підприємств, зокрема в 2,2 разу викидів забруднюючих речовин в атмосферне повітря. При цьому показники інфекційної захворюваності найсильніше корелювали із загальним обсягом зважених часток в атмосферному повітрі від стаціонарних джерел (r≥0,91), викидами оксидів азоту (r≥0,75), оксиду вуглецю (r≥0,82), викидами речовин у вигляді суспендованих твердих частинок більше 2,5 мкм та менше 10 мкм (r=0,96), а отже зменшення концентрації цих речовин у повітрі позитивно позначається на стані здоров’я населення. Оберненопропорційні кореляційні зв’язки виявлені між показниками соціально-економічного розвитку країни (регіонів) та показниками поширеності інфекційних хвороб (вперше виявленої інфекційної захворюваності) опосередковано вказують на те, що збільшення капітальних інвестицій за видами економічної діяльності (-0,48≤r≤-0,59); зростання сумарного доходу регіонів та наявного доходу на одну особу (-0,67≤r≤-0,80); збільшення доходів населення, зокрема заробітної плати (-0,75≤r≤-0,83), а також поточних інвестицій на охорону навколишнього природного середовища (r=-0,8) сприяють зниженню інфекційної захворюваності.
Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать про те, що умови проживання населення в різних областях України суттєво відрізняються за соціально-економічними, екологічними, демографічними та іншими показниками, при цьому інфекційні хвороби є тим індикатором, який чутливо реагує на їх зміну. Виявлені взаємозв’язки між умовами проживання населення та інфекційною захворюваністю свідчать про те, що динаміка та керованість епідемічного процесу інфекційних хвороб залежить від багатьох чинників, а отримані результати є підґрунтям для розробки та ухвалення адекватних управлінських рішень щодо забезпечення епідемічного благополуччя на рівні держави та регіонів.