bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capturing Uncertainty in Magnetospheric Ultralow Frequency Wave Models
Authors: Bentley S. N. , Watt Clare E. J. , Rae I. J. , Owens M. J. , Murphy K. , Lockwood M. , Sandhu J. K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe develop and test an empirical model predicting ground‐based observations of ultralow frequency (ULF, 1–20 mHz) wave power across a range of frequencies, latitudes, and MLT sectors. This is parameterized by instantaneous solar wind speed vsw, variance in proton number density var(Np), and interplanetary southward magnetic field Bz. A probabilistic model of ULF wave power will allow us to address uncertainty in radial diffusion coefficients and therefore improve diffusion modeling of radial transport in Earth's outer radiation belt. Our model can be used in two ways to reproduce wave power: by sampling from conditional probability distribution functions and by using the mean (expectation) values. We derive a method for testing the quality of the parameterization and test the ability of the model to reproduce ULF wave power time series. Sampling is a better method for reproducing power over an extended time period as it retains the same overall distribution, while mean values are better for predicting the power in a time series. The model predicts each hour in a time series better than the assumption that power persists from the preceding hour. Finally, we review other sources of diffusion coefficient uncertainty. Although this wave model is designed principally for the goal of improved radial diffusion coefficients to include in outer radiation belt diffusion‐based modeling, we anticipate that our model can also be used to investigate the occurrence of ULF waves throughout the magnetosphere and hence the physics of ULF wave generation and propagation.
Amplitude Modulation of Seasonal Variability in Terrestrial Water Storage
Authors: Hamlington B. D. , Reager J. T. , Chandanpurkar H. , Kim K.‐Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVariability in climate and weather in many land regions is dominated by a seasonal cycle that is typically defined by as a stable, repeated pattern. Defining the annual cycle as strictly stationary, however, precludes the possibility of changes in its amplitude from one year to the next. In this study, we target and extract the modulated annual cycle in terrestrial water storage with a statistical analysis technique specifically suited to this application. We estimate the amplitude modulation of the annual cycle in terrestrial water storage in order to assess the drivers of strength of the seasonal water cycle from year to year and identify trends in the amplitude that are persistent over the 13‐year record used here. We find that climate variability is found to be one of the dominant drivers of the strength of the annual cycle in terrestrial water storage, with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation found to play a particularly significant role, as identified in previous studies.
Coordinated Special Issues on eHealth/mHealth in Pediatric Psychology: Introduction to the Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology Special Issue on Development and Feasibility of eHealth/mHealth Technologies for Pediatric Psychologists in Clinical Settings
Authors: Law Emily F. , Schueller Stephen M. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To highlight and disseminate research related to clinical applications of eHealth/mHealth technologies with children, youth, and families. Method: This special issue includes articles that reflect approaches to developing eHealth/mHealth interventions for children, youth, parents, and families; evaluations of feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of digital health assessment tools and behavioral interventions for youth; and understanding adolescent privacy perceptions related to online collection of personal health-related information. Results: This collection of articles demonstrates various approaches to the development and evaluation of eHealth/mHealth technologies in clinical practice. Conclusions: eHealth/mHealth technologies have the potential to extend the reach of pediatric psychology services that can improve the health and well-being of children, youth, and their families. Further research is needed to support their efficacy, especially research that leverages methods and analyses responsive to the unique challenges and affordances of evaluating technologies with pediatric populations. Implications for Impact Statement In this Special Issue, we present a collection of manuscripts demonstrating various approaches to the development and evaluation of eHealth/mHealth technologies directly relevant to pediatric psychologists in clinical settings.
Endogenous advanced glycation end products in pancreatic islets after short-term carbohydrate intervention in obese, diabetes-prone mice
Authors: Kehm Richard , Rückriemen Jana , Weber Daniela , Deubel Stefanie , Grune Tilman , Höhn Annika 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDiet-induced hyperglycemia is described as one major contributor to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) under inflammatory conditions, crucial in type 2 diabetes progression. Previous studies have indicated high postprandial plasma AGE-levels in diabetic patients and after long-term carbohydrate feeding in animal models. Pancreatic islets play a key role in glucose metabolism; thus, their susceptibility to glycation reactions due to high amounts of dietary carbohydrates is of special interest. Therefore, diabetes-prone New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice received either a carbohydrate-free, high-fat diet (CFD) for 11 weeks or were additionally fed with a carbohydrate-rich diet (CRD) for 7 days. In the CRD group, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were induced accompanied by increasing plasma 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels, higher amounts of 3-NT and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) within pancreatic islets. Furthermore, N-ε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was increased in the plasma of CRD-fed NZO mice and substantially higher amounts of arg-pyrimidine, pentosidine and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were observed in pancreatic islets. These findings indicate that a short-term intervention with carbohydrates is sufficient to form endogenous AGEs in plasma and pancreatic islets of NZO mice under hyperglycemic and inflammatory conditions.
Vitamin D and diabetic foot ulcer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dai Jiezhi , Jiang Chaoyin , Chen Hua , Chai Yimin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) in patients with diabetes. Pubmed, EMBASE, BIOSIS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, last updated in July 2018, were searched. We assessed eligible studies for the association between vitamin D deficiency and DFU in diabetic patients. The mean difference (MD) or the odds ratio (OR) was calculated for continuous or dichotomous data respectively. Data were analyzed by using the Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 5.0 software. Seven studies that involved 1115 patients were included in this study. There were significantly reduced vitamin D levels in DFU (MD −13.47 nmol/L, 95%CI −16.84 to −10.10; P  =  0.34, I2 = 12%). Severe vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with an increased risk of DFU (OR 3.22, 95%CI 2.42−4.28; P  = 0.64, I2 = 0%). This is the first meta-analysis demonstrating the association between serum vitamin D levels and DFU. Severe vitamin D deficiency is significantly associated with an increased risk of DFU.
Brf1 loss and not overexpression disrupts tissues homeostasis in the intestine, liver and pancreas
Authors: Liko Dritan , Mitchell Louise , Campbell Kirsteen J. , Ridgway Rachel A. , Jones Carolyn , Dudek Kate , King Ayala , Bryson Sheila , Stevenson David , Blyth Karen , Strathdee Douglas , Morton Jennifer P. , Bird Thomas G. , Knight John R. P. , Willis Anne E. , Sansom Owen J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRNA polymerase III (Pol-III) transcribes tRNAs and other small RNAs essential for protein synthesis and cell growth. Pol-III is deregulated during carcinogenesis; however, its role in vivo has not been studied. To address this issue, we manipulated levels of Brf1, a Pol-III transcription factor that is essential for recruitment of Pol-III holoenzyme at tRNA genes in vivo. Knockout of Brf1 led to embryonic lethality at blastocyst stage. In contrast, heterozygous Brf1 mice were viable, fertile and of a normal size. Conditional deletion of Brf1 in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues, intestine, liver and pancreas, was incompatible with organ homeostasis. Deletion of Brf1 in adult intestine and liver induced apoptosis. However, Brf1 heterozygosity neither had gross effects in these epithelia nor did it modify tumorigenesis in the intestine or pancreas. Overexpression of BRF1 rescued the phenotypes of Brf1 deletion in intestine and liver but was unable to initiate tumorigenesis. Thus, Brf1 and Pol-III activity are absolutely essential for normal homeostasis during development and in adult epithelia. However, Brf1 overexpression or heterozygosity are unable to modify tumorigenesis, suggesting a permissive, but not driving role for Brf1 in the development of epithelial cancers of the pancreas and gut.
The methionine salvage pathway-involving ADI1 inhibits hepatoma growth by epigenetically altering genes expression via elevating S-adenosylmethionine
Authors: Chu Yu-De , Lai Hsin-Yu , Pai Li-Mei , Huang Ya-Hui , Lin Yang-Hsiang , Liang Kung-Hao , Yeh Chau-Ting 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) cycle-participating human acireductone dioxygenase 1 (ADI1) has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, yet its role remains unclear in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we demonstrated a significant reduction of ADI1, either in protein or mRNA level, in HCC tissues. Additionally, higher ADI1 levels were associated with favorable postoperative recurrence-free survival in HCC patients. By altering ADI1 expression in HCC cells, a negative correlation between ADI1 and cell proliferation was observed. Cell-based and xenograft experiments were performed by using cells overexpressing ADI1 mutants carrying mutations at the metal-binding sites (E94A and H133A, respectively), which selectively disrupted differential catalytic steps, resulting in staying or leaving the MTA cycle. The results showed that the growth suppression effect was mediated by accelerating the MTA cycle. A cDNA microarray analysis followed by verification experiments identified that caveolin-1 (CAV1), a growth-promoting protein in HCC, was markedly decreased upon ADI1 overexpression. Suppression of CAV1 expression was mediated by an increase of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) level. The methylation status of CAV1 promoter was significantly altered upon ADI1 overexpression. Finally, a genome-wide methylation analysis revealed that ADI1 overexpression altered promoter methylation profiles in a set of cancer-related genes, including CAV1 and genes encoding antisense non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs, resulting in significant changes of their expression levels. In conclusion, ADI1 expression promoted MTA cycle to increase SAMe levels, which altered genome-wide promoter methylation profiles, resulting in altered gene expression and HCC growth suppression.
NAA40 contributes to colorectal cancer growth by controlling PRMT5 expression
Authors: Demetriadou Christina , Pavlou Demetria , Mpekris Fotios , Achilleos Charis , Stylianopoulos Triantafyllos , Zaravinos Apostolos , Papageorgis Panagiotis , Kirmizis Antonis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractN-alpha-acetyltransferase 40 (NAA40) catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl moiety to the alpha-amino group of serine 1 (S1) on histones H4 and H2A. Our previous studies linked NAA40 and its corresponding N-terminal acetylation of histone H4 (N-acH4) to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of NAA40 in CRC development was not investigated. Here, we show that NAA40 protein and mRNA levels are commonly increased in CRC primary tissues compared to non-malignant specimens. Importantly, depletion of NAA40 inhibits cell proliferation and survival of CRC cell lines and increases their sensitivity to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Moreover, the absence of NAA40 significantly delays the growth of human CRC xenograft tumors. Intriguingly, we found that NAA40 knockdown and loss of N-acH4 reduce the levels of symmetric dimethylation of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) through transcriptional downregulation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5). NAA40 depletion and subsequent repression of PRMT5 results in altered expression of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes leading to inhibition of CRC cell growth. Consistent with this, NAA40 mRNA levels correlate with those of PRMT5 in CRC patient tissues. Taken together, our results establish the oncogenic function of the epigenetic enzyme NAA40 in colon cancer and support its potential as a therapeutic target.
Protoporphyrin IX is a dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDM4 interactions and induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Jiang Liren , Malik Natasha , Acedo Pilar , Zawacka-Pankau Joanna 
Published: March 2019

Abstractp53 is a tumor suppressor, which belongs to the p53 family of proteins. The family consists of p53, p63 and p73 proteins, which share similar structure and function. Activation of wild-type p53 or TAp73 in tumors leads to tumor regression, and small molecules restoring the p53 pathway are in clinical development. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a metabolite of aminolevulinic acid, is a clinically approved drug applied in photodynamic diagnosis and therapy. PpIX induces p53-dependent and TAp73-dependent apoptosis and inhibits TAp73/MDM2 and TAp73/MDM4 interactions. Here we demonstrate that PpIX is a dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDM4 interactions and activates apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells without illumination and without affecting normal cells. PpIX stabilizes p53 and TAp73 proteins, induces p53-downstream apoptotic targets and provokes cancer cell death at doses non-toxic to normal cells. Our findings open up new opportunities for repurposing PpIX for treating lymphoblastic leukemia with wild-type TP53.
TRIAD3/RNF216 E3 ligase specifically synthesises K63-linked ubiquitin chains and is inactivated by mutations associated with Gordon Holmes syndrome
Authors: Schwintzer Lukas , Aguado Roca Eva , Broemer Meike 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTRIAD3/RNF216 is a ubiquitin ligase of the RING-in-between-RING family. Recent publications identified TRIAD3 mutations in patients with neurological diseases, including Gordon Holmes syndrome and Huntington-like disorder. To understand the functional relevance of these disease-associated mutations, we have tested the ubiquitin ligase activity of mutated TRIAD3 in vitro. Several of these point mutations completely abrogated TRIAD3’s catalytic activity. Using mass spectrometry, we identified new TRIAD3-interacting proteins/substrates from mouse brain lysate, which provide a new link between TRIAD3 and processes involving clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Strikingly, we found that TRIAD3 synthesises specifically lysine-63 (K63)-linked poly-ubiquitin chains in vitro, a chain type that usually plays a role in mediating signalling events rather than triggering proteasomal degradation. Therefore, this finding is of great importance to further understand TRIAD3’s cellular role and loss-of-function in disease.
Molecular architecture of a cylindrical self-assembly at human centrosomes
Authors: Kim Tae-Sung , Zhang Liang , Il Ahn Jong , Meng Lingjun , Chen Yang , Lee Eunhye , Bang Jeong Kyu , Lim Jung Mi , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Fan Lixin , Wang Yun-Xing , Kim Bo Yeon , Park Jung-Eun , Lee Kyung S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cell is constructed by higher-order structures and organelles through complex interactions among distinct structural constituents. The centrosome is a membraneless organelle composed of two microtubule-derived structures called centrioles and an amorphous mass of pericentriolar material. Super-resolution microscopic analyses in various organisms revealed that diverse pericentriolar material proteins are concentrically localized around a centriole in a highly organized manner. However, the molecular nature underlying these organizations remains unknown. Here we show that two human pericentriolar material scaffolds, Cep63 and Cep152, cooperatively generate a heterotetrameric α-helical bundle that functions in conjunction with its neighboring hydrophobic motifs to self-assemble into a higher-order cylindrical architecture capable of recruiting downstream components, including Plk4, a key regulator for centriole duplication. Mutations disrupting the self-assembly abrogate Plk4-mediated centriole duplication. Because pericentriolar material organization is evolutionarily conserved, this work may offer a paradigm for investigating the assembly and function of centrosomal scaffolds in various organisms.
Intrinsic measurements of exciton transport in photovoltaic cells
Authors: Zhang Tao , Dement Dana B. , Ferry Vivian E. , Holmes Russell J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic cells are partiuclarly sensitive to exciton harvesting and are thus, a useful platform for the characterization of exciton diffusion. While device photocurrent spectroscopy can be used to extract the exciton diffusion length, this method is frequently limited by unknown interfacial recombination losses. We resolve this limitation and demonstrate a general, device-based photocurrent-ratio measurement to extract the intrinsic diffusion length. Since interfacial losses are not active layer specific, a ratio of the donor- and acceptor-material internal quantum efficiencies cancels this quantity. We further show that this measurement permits extraction of additional device-relevant information regarding exciton relaxation and charge separation processes. The generality of this method is demonstrated by measuring exciton transport for both luminescent and dark materials, as well as for small molecule and polymer active materials and semiconductor quantum dots. Thus, we demonstrate a broadly applicable device-based methodology to probe the intrinsic active material exciton diffusion length.
Proteome-wide solubility and thermal stability profiling reveals distinct regulatory roles for ATP
Authors: Sridharan Sindhuja , Kurzawa Nils , Werner Thilo , Günthner Ina , Helm Dominic , Huber Wolfgang , Bantscheff Marcus , Savitski Mikhail M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays fundamental roles in cellular biochemistry and was recently discovered to function as a biological hydrotrope. Here, we use mass spectrometry to interrogate ATP-mediated regulation of protein thermal stability and protein solubility on a proteome-wide scale. Thermal proteome profiling reveals high affinity interactions of ATP as a substrate and as an allosteric modulator that has widespread influence on protein complexes and their stability. Further, we develop a strategy for proteome-wide solubility profiling, and discover ATP-dependent solubilization of at least 25% of the insoluble proteome. ATP increases the solubility of positively charged, intrinsically disordered proteins, and their susceptibility for solubilization varies depending on their localization to different membrane-less organelles. Moreover, a few proteins, exhibit an ATP-dependent decrease in solubility, likely reflecting polymer formation. Our data provides a proteome-wide, quantitative insight into how ATP influences protein structure and solubility across the spectrum of physiologically relevant concentrations.
Efficient plasmon-hot electron conversion in Ag–CsPbBr3 hybrid nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Li Hongbo , Zhang Chunfeng , Tan Shijing , Chen Zhangzhang , Chen Lan , Lu Zhenda , Wang Xiaoyong , Xiao Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHybrid metal/semiconductor nano-heterostructures with strong exciton-plasmon coupling have been proposed for applications in hot carrier optoelectronic devices. However, the performance of devices based on this concept has been limited by the poor efficiency of plasmon-hot electron conversion at the metal/semiconductor interface. Here, we report that the efficiency of interfacial hot excitation transfer can be substantially improved in hybrid metal semiconductor nano-heterostructures consisting of perovskite semiconductors. In Ag–CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, both the plasmon-induced hot electron and the resonant energy transfer processes can occur on a time scale of less than 100 fs with quantum efficiencies of 50 ± 18% and 15 ± 5%, respectively. The markedly high efficiency of hot electron transfer observed here can be ascribed to the increased metal/semiconductor coupling compared with those in conventional systems. These findings suggest that hybrid architectures of metal and perovskite semiconductors may be excellent candidates to achieve highly efficient plasmon-induced hot carrier devices.
Overcoming the thermal regime for the electric-field driven Mott transition in vanadium sesquioxide
Authors: Giorgianni Flavio , Sakai Joe , Lupi Stefano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe complex interplay among electronic, magnetic and lattice degrees of freedom in Mott-Hubbard materials leads to different types of insulator-to-metal transitions (IMT) which can be triggered by temperature, pressure, light irradiation and electric field. However, several questions remain open concerning the quantum or thermal nature of electric field-driven transition process. Here, using intense terahertz pulses, we reveal the emergence of an instantaneous purely-electronic IMT in the Mott-Hubbard vanadium sequioxide (V2O3) prototype material. While fast electronics allow thermal-driven transition involving Joule heating, which takes place after tens of picoseconds, terahertz electric field is able to induce a sub-picosecond electronic switching. We provide a comprehensive study of the THz induced Mott transition, showing a crossover from a fast quantum dynamics to a slower thermal dissipative evolution for increasing temperature. Strong-field terahertz-driven electronic transition paves the way to ultrafast electronic switches and high-harmonic generation in correlated systems.
The genome of the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica and the evolution of the cnidarian life-cycle
Authors: Leclère Lucas , Horin Coralie , Chevalier Sandra , Lapébie Pascal , Dru Philippe , Peron Sophie , Jager Muriel , Condamine Thomas , Pottin Karen , Romano Séverine , Steger Julia , Sinigaglia Chiara , Barreau Carine , Quiroga Artigas Gonzalo , Ruggiero Antonella , Fourrage Cécile , Kraus Johanna E. M. , Poulain Julie , Aury Jean-Marc , Wincker Patrick , Quéinnec Eric , Technau Ulrich , Manuel Michaël , Momose Tsuyoshi , Houliston Evelyn , Copley Richard R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJellyfish (medusae) are a distinctive life-cycle stage of medusozoan cnidarians. They are major marine predators, with integrated neurosensory, muscular and organ systems. The genetic foundations of this complex form are largely unknown. We report the draft genome of the hydrozoan jellyfishClytia hemisphaericaand use multiple transcriptomes to determine gene use across life-cycle stages. Medusa, planula larva and polyp are each characterized by distinct transcriptome signatures reflecting abrupt life-cycle transitions and all deploy a mixture of phylogenetically old and new genes. Medusa-specific transcription factors, including many with bilaterian orthologues, associate with diverse neurosensory structures. Compared toClytia, the polyp-only hydrozoanHydrahas lost many of the medusa-expressed transcription factors, despite similar overall rates of gene content evolution and sequence evolution. Absence of expression and gene loss amongClytiaorthologues of genes patterning the anthozoan aboral pole, secondary axis and endomesoderm support simplification of planulae and polyps in Hydrozoa, including loss of bilateral symmetry. Consequently, although the polyp and planula are generally considered the ancestral cnidarian forms, inClytiathe medusa maximally deploys the ancestral cnidarian–bilaterian transcription factor gene complement.