bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional knowledge, uses, and perceptions of mushrooms among the Wixaritari and mestizos of Villa Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Haro-Luna Mara Ximena , Ruan-Soto Felipe , Guzmán-Dávalos Laura 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship between humans and nature is defined by culture. Accordingly, the use, conceptions, and perceptions of resources differ among cultural groups, even among those inhabiting the same region or those who come into contact with the same biota. In particular, mushrooms evoke a wide range of sentiments. During ethnobiological tours in Mexico, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 37 individuals of each community, from ten Wixarika and mestizo communities, living in the same locality and sharing similar resources, in the municipality of Villa Guerrero in northern Jalisco, Mexico. Furthermore, informal interviews with four Wixarika and five mestizo key informants were conducted. The topics treated were regarding the traditional nomenclature and classification, uses, and knowledge of mushrooms and related practices. Wixarika names of 37 mushroom species with edible, medicinal, and recreational uses were recorded. In addition, the Wixaritari were found to associate toxic mushrooms with the divine, as evidenced by one case of the use of mushrooms as a hierophanic agent. Each culture’s knowledge of the phenology and ecology of mushrooms was recorded in addition to data highlighting the cultural exchange between the Wixaritari and mestizos. However, a loss in the knowledge and practices concerning mushrooms was observed as a result of social changes. Even so, both cultures prefer mushrooms to other foods, including meat, especially Volvariella bombycina and Pleurotus djamor.
Evidence That the LH Surge in Ewes Involves Both Neurokinin B–Dependent and –Independent Actions of Kisspeptin
Authors: Goodman Robert L , He Wen , Lopez Justin A , Bedenbaugh Michelle N , McCosh Richard B , Bowdridge Elizabeth C , Coolen Lique M , Lehman Michael N , Hileman Stanley M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent evidence has implicated neurokinin B (NKB) signaling in the retrochiasmatic area (RCh) of the ewe in the LH surge. To test this hypothesis, we first lesioned NK3R neurons in this area by using a saporin conjugate (NK3-SAP). Three weeks after bilateral injection of NK3-SAP or a blank control (BLK-SAP) into the RCh, an LH surge was induced by using an artificial follicular-phase model in ovariectomized ewes. NK3-SAP lesioned approximately 88% of RCh NK3R-containing neurons and reduced the amplitude of the estrogen-induced LH surge by 58%, an inhibition similar to that seen previously with intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of a KISS1R antagonist (p271). We next tested the hypothesis that NKB signaling in the RCh acts via kisspeptin by determining whether the combined effects of NK3R-SAP lesions and icv infusion of p271 were additive. Experiment 1 was replicated except that ewes received two sequential artificial follicular phases with infusions of p271 or vehicle using a crossover design. The combination of the two treatments decreased the peak of the LH surge by 59%, which was similar to that seen with NK3-SAP (52%) or p271 (54%) alone. In contrast, p271 infusion delayed the onset and peak of the LH surge in both NK3-SAP– and BLK-SAP–injected ewes. Based on these data, we propose that NKB signaling in the RCh increases kisspeptin levels critical for the full amplitude of the LH surge in the ewe but that kisspeptin release occurs independently of RCh input at the onset of the surge to initiate GnRH secretion.
A Control Region Near the Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Gene Mediates Response to Phosphate, 1,25(OH)2D3, and LPS In Vivo
Authors: Lee Seong Min , Carlson Alex H , Onal Melda , Benkusky Nancy A , Meyer Mark B , Pike J Wesley 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone-derived hormone involved in the control of phosphate (P) homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism. Despite advances, however, molecular details of this gene’s regulation remain uncertain. In this report, we created mouse strains in which four epigenetically marked FGF23 regulatory regions were individually deleted from the mouse genome using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, and the consequences of these mutations were then assessed on Fgf23 expression and regulation in vivo. An initial analysis confirmed that bone expression of Fgf23 and circulating intact FGF23 (iFGF23) were strongly influenced by both chronic dietary P treatment and acute injection of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. However, further analysis revealed that bone Fgf23 expression and iFGF23 could be rapidly upregulated by dietary P within 3 and 6 hours, respectively; this acute upregulation was lost in the FGF23-PKO mouse containing an Fgf23 proximal enhancer deletion but not in the additional enhancer-deleted mice. Of note, prolonged dietary P treatment over several days led to normalization of FGF23 levels in the FGF23-PKO mouse, suggesting added complexity associated with P regulation of FGF23. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 also revealed a similar loss of Fgf23 induction and blood iFGF23 levels in this mouse. Finally, normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of Fgf23 expression was also compromised in the FGF23-PKO mouse, a result that, together with our previous report, indicates that the action of LPS on Fgf23 expression is mediated by both proximal and distal Fgf23 enhancers. These in vivo data provide key functional insight into the genomic enhancers through which Fgf23 expression is mediated.
Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Novel Genetic Variants (SRY, DMRT1, NR5A1, DHH, DHX37) in Adults With 46,XY DSD
Authors: Buonocore Federica , Clifford-Mobley Oliver , King Tom F J , Striglioni Niccolò , Man Elim , Suntharalingham Jenifer P , del Valle Ignacio , Lin Lin , Lagos Carlos F , Rumsby Gill , Conway Gerard S , Achermann John C 
Published: October 2019

AbstractContextThe genetic basis of human sex development is slowly being elucidated, and >40 different genetic causes of differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSDs) have now been reported. However, reaching a specific diagnosis using traditional approaches can be difficult, especially in adults where limited biochemical data may be available.ObjectiveWe used a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to analyze known and candidate genes for DSDs in individuals with no specific molecular diagnosis.Participants and DesignWe studied 52 adult 46,XY women attending a single-center adult service, who were part of a larger cohort of 400 individuals. Classic conditions such as17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 3, 5α-reductase deficiency type 2, and androgen insensitivity syndrome were excluded. The study cohort had broad working diagnoses of complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) (n = 27) and partially virilized 46,XY DSD (pvDSD) (n = 25), a group that included partial gonadal dysgenesis and those with a broad “partial androgen insensitivity syndrome” label. Targeted sequencing of 180 genes was undertaken.ResultsOverall, a likely genetic cause was found in 16 of 52 (30.8%) individuals (22.2% CGD, 40.0% pvDSD). Pathogenic variants were found in sex-determining region Y (SRY; n = 3), doublesex and mab-3–related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1; n = 1), NR5A1/steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (n = 1), and desert hedgehog (DHH; n = 1) in the CGD group, and in NR5A1 (n = 5), DHH (n = 1), and DEAH-box helicase 37 (DHX37; n = 4) in the pvDSD group.ConclusionsReaching a specific diagnosis can have clinical implications and provides insight into the role of these proteins in sex development. Next-generation sequencing approaches are invaluable, especially in adult populations or where diagnostic biochemistry is not possible.
Unintended perturbation of protein function using GFP nanobodies in human cells
Authors: Küey Cansu , Larocque Gabrielle , Clarke Nicholas I. , Royle Stephen J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Tagging a protein of interest with GFP using genome editing is a popular approach to study protein function in cell and developmental biology. To avoid re-engineering cell lines or organisms in order to introduce additional tags, functionalized nanobodies that bind GFP can be used to extend the functionality of the GFP tag. We developed functionalized nanobodies, which we termed ‘dongles’, that could add, for example, an FKBP tag to a GFP-tagged protein of interest, enabling knocksideways experiments in GFP knock-in cell lines. The power of knocksideways is that it allows investigators to rapidly switch the protein from an active to an inactive state. We show that dongles allow for effective knocksideways of GFP-tagged proteins in genome-edited human cells. However, we discovered that nanobody binding to dynamin-2–GFP caused inhibition of dynamin function prior to knocksideways. The function of GFP-tagged tumor protein D54 (TPD54, also known as TPD52L2) in anterograde traffic was also perturbed by dongles. While these issues potentially limit the application of dongles, we discuss strategies for their deployment as cell biological tools.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Risk of post-operative, pre-radiotherapy contralateral neck recurrence in patients treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for human papilloma virus-associated tonsil cancer
Authors: Gershowitz Jared , Chao Hann-Hsiang , Doucette Abigail , Lukens John N , Swisher-McClure Samuel , Weinstein Gregory S , O’Malley Jr Bert W , Chalian Ara A , Rassekh Christopher H , Newman Jason G , Cohen Roger B , Bauml Joshua M , Aggarwal Charu , Lin Alexander 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
One approach to reduce treatment-related morbidity for human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated tonsil cancer is omitting radiotherapy to the contralateral neck. Pathologic risk factors for early contralateral neck disease, however, are poorly understood. We report on the risk contralateral neck failures from the time of pre-operative diagnostic imaging to time of planning for adjuvant radiation in a single institution series of HPV-associated tonsillar cancer patients undergoing surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT).

Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 123 patients with T1–T3 HPV-positive tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma treated between 2010 and 2016 with transoral robotic surgery and selective ipsilateral neck dissection followed by adjuvant RT. Contralateral neck recurrence was classified as the detection of a pathologic node in the contralateral neck prior to initiation of adjuvant RT.

Results:
Seven patients (5.7%) developed contralateral neck disease/failure between the time of pre-operative diagnostic neck imaging and time of planning of adjuvant radiation. Increased ratio of positive/resected nodes [odds ratio (OR) 1.073, p = 0.005] was significantly associated with increased risk of contralateral neck recurrence, with a trend found for close/positive margins (OR 5.355, p = 0.06), tumor size (OR 2.046, p = 0.09), and total number of nodes positive (OR 1.179, p = 0.062).

Conclusions:
Patients who develop very early contralateral neck disease, between completion of ipsilateral neck dissection and the initiation of radiotherapy, have a higher ratio of positive nodes to total nodes resected in the ipsilateral neck. These findings suggest that proper selection of patients for omission of treatment of the contralateral, node-negative neck should be made with this in mind, with future studies needed to document the impact on toxicity and disease outcomes from such an approach.

Advances in knowledge:
Pathologic risk factors in the dissected, ipsilateral neck in patients with tonsil cancer may inform the risk of contralateral neck failure. Patient selection for future, prospective efforts to examine sparing of the contralateral neck need to be based with these risk factors in mind.
A Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Eyelid
Authors: Hayat Nausheen , Afzal Muhammad Mohsin , Dembra Vijay 
Published: October 2019

Solitary fibrous tumor are rare and benign, soft tissue growth of any part of the human body including orbit and eyes. This case report describes a middle age female presented with a slow-growing painless mass in the superior orbital sulcus in the left eye. The lesion was surgically excised revealing the microscopic features characteristic of solitary fibrous tumor, with immunohistochemically reactivity for CD34 and STAT6 stains. Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is typically cured with complete surgical excision and CD34 immunohistochemistry proved to be a useful adjunct to the microscopic diagnosis of this type of tumor.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1086
How to cite this:Hayat N, Afzal MM, Dembra V. A Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Eyelid. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1745-1748. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1086
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Addiction of tobacco chewing and smoking in the patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A descriptive epidemiological study in Pakistan
Authors: Kanwal Madiha , Haider Ghulam , Zareef Uzma , Saleem Saima 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The associated risk factors for the majority of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are tobacco and betel nut abuse, while there also seems to be a rising proportion of patients who report no history of tobacco or betel nut usage. Therefore, objective of the study was to find out potential risk factors and demographics of HNSCC patients addicted to tobacco and/or betel nut, as well as non-addicted patients.
Methods: This epidemiological study was conducted in Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC) from January to December 2016. All subjects were participants in an epidemiological study of HNSCC. Demographics and clinical characteristics were obtained for 185 addicted and 26 non-addicted patients.
Results: Non-addicted patients were more likely to be females (2=19.0, p<0.001) and were significantly younger than addicted patients (2=21.0, p<0.001). Addicted patients more likely belonged to a lower income group (2=14.4, p=0.006) and had a higher proportion of oral cancers (2=30.0, p<0.001). Almost all addicted females had oral cancers (97%), whereas more than half of the non-addicted females had oral cancers (53%).
Conclusions: Addicted patients commonly have oral cavity cancers. This might be due to the habit of chewing tobacco and/or betel nut that addicted patients have. Non-addicted patients are commonly young females. It is likely that no single known factor is responsible for HNSCC in non-addicted patients, and several occupational exposure studies in future may be important to the etiology of non-addicted patients.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1309
How to cite this:Kanwal M, Haider G, Zareef U, Saleem S. Addiction of tobacco chewing and smoking in the patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A descriptive epidemiological study in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1712-1717. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1309
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The negative effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury during stroke rehabilitation
Authors: Alzamil Nawaf , Qureshi Ahmad Zaheer , Rathore Farooq Azam , Ullah Sami 
Published: October 2019

Musculoskeletal problems are commonly reported after stroke resulting in abnormal gait biomechanics, pain, and limitation in performing activities of daily living. Anterior circulate ligament is the most frequently injured knee ligament accounting for approximately 50% of all ligament injuries; however, post stroke anterior cruciate ligament injury is rarely reported. We present a case of a 58-year-old female admitted for inpatient stoke rehabilitation after a left middle cerebral artery stroke. After gaining considerable functional recovery, she was planned to be discharged in two weeks’ time when she tripped resulting in a torn anterior cruciate ligament on the hemiperetic side. This resulted in increase in the length of stay and loss of functional gains. We discuss the possible mechanisms and the management plan. Patients with stroke should be monitored for musculoskeletal complications and preventive strategies should be devised to protect from possible ligamentous injuries of the knees.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.974
How to cite this:Alzamel N, Qureshi AZ, Rathore FA, Ullah S. The negative effects of anterior cruciate ligament injury during stroke rehabilitation. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1740-1744. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.974
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Immunohistochemical expression of p53 in Type I and II epithelial ovarian cancer among Sudanese women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Osman Mohamed Aisha , Husain Nazik Elmalaika , Eljaili Elmassry Rawia , Alnageeb Lubna , Elhassan Mohammed , Siddig Abdelaziz Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies worldwide. In Sudan, ovarian cancer represents the fourth most frequent tumors among females. TP53 somatic mutations is a defining feature of ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. However, p53 sequencing is not feasible in most low- and middle-income countries, like Sudan, and its frequency varies greatly. The study aimed to determine the frequency of p53 overexpression and its relationship with tumor types I and II and tumor grade among Sudanese women with EOC. Methods: In this cross-sectional, hospital-based study a total of 114 paraffin-embedded tissue blocks previously diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer were collected from six governmental hospitals in Khartoum state, Sudan, in the period 2013-2016. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue microarray slides to measure the protein expression of p53 in the EOC. Results: Overexpression of p53 was detected in 35.1% (n=40/114) of EOC samples, with a higher frequency in women with Type II 53.7% (n= 29/54) than type I 18.5% (n= 10/54) (P= 0.000). Also, a high frequency of p53 overexpression was evident in 49.2% (n= 30/61) of high-grade carcinoma compared with 16.7% (n= 1/6) of non-graded borderline tumors, and in 19.1% (n= 9/47) of low-grade tumors (P= 0.003). A high-grade serous carcinoma harbor p53 overexpression in 53.7% (n= 29/54) and none of low-grade serous carcinoma harbor p53 overexpression. Our result showed a significant association between p53 overexpression and tumor types and grades (P = 0.000 and 0.003, respectively) Conclusion: p53 over-expression was detected in one-third of Sudanese women with EOC. It was more common in type II EOC and high-grade serous, but negative in low-grade serous tumors. Our result showed a significant association between p53 over-expression and tumor type and grade, and can help discriminate between high- and low-grade serous carcinomas.
Dibujando cuidados profesionales de enfermería: Relatos de memorias del Norte Chileno a partir de 1952
Authors: Nuñez Elizabeth Rocio , Macias Lylian , Navarro Rossana , Loyola Marcelo 
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: El artículo tiene por objetivo describir el ejercicio del cuidado de las enfermeras del norte de Chile en el contexto de la nueva institucionalidad del Servicio Nacional de Salud a partir de 1952.Método: Se realizó una revisión histórico-práctica de las formas de cuidados de las enfermeras posterior a la creación del Servicio Nacional de Salud, las fuentes primarias son relatos de vida de enfermeras, con fuentes secundarias que dieran cuenta de la contextualización del período de tiempo.Resultados: Se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías, antecedentes de la creación del Servicio Nacional de Salud y zona norte de Chile, la ciencia de la enfermería en el cuidado cotidiano, el conocimiento personal y el contexto sanitario de la época, las tensiones ética en el cuidado y la emancipación de las enfermeras.Conclusiones: El Servicio Nacional de Salud otorgó una estructura sanitaria de responsabilidad del Estado chileno por la salud de todos sus habitantes. En este escenario las enfermeras profesionales aplicaron la ciencia de enfermería en los cuidado de hospitales y comunidades. Dado el escenario de carencia social se desafío el conocimiento personal de cada una y de esta forma las empoderó en el desarrollo de su rol profesional.
Distribusi Spasial dan Temporal Nutrien di Danau Tempe, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Nomosatryo Sulung 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Nutrient in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi.</strong>
The concentration of nutrients in the process of eutrophication have an important role in the freshwater productivity. Lake Tempe constitutes a conservation area for water resources that has been degraded, indicated by high sedimentation and abundant water weeds. This resulted in the lowered carrying capacity of the lake. This study aimed to determine the concentration and spatiotemporal distribution of nutrients in Lake Tempe as the basis for the management of the lake. Water samples were taken using Kemmerer water sampler in April, July, and October 2013 from seven stations. Dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and transparency were measured in situ, while the N-Nitrite, N-Nitrate, N-Ammonium, TN, orthophosphate, and TP as well as supporting parameters such as COD, TOM, and chlorophyll-a were analyzed in the laboratory using methods according to the Standard Method. The study showed the concentrations of N and P were varied at all observation sites. The concentrations of N-Nitrate, TN, and TP tended to be high in October, while the concentrations of N-Nitrite, N-Ammonium, and orthophosphate tended to be high in April. PCA analysis showed the water quality conditions in Lake Tempe were characterized by the N and P compounds. The high average concentrations of TN and TP in Lake Tempe with respective values of 1.386 mg/L and 0.198 mg/L indicated that the lake was a productive lake, classified as eutrophic with nitrogen as limiting factor of lake fertility. If the nutrient enrichment continues, it will have a negative impact on the water quality of the lake<br /><br />