bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing of patient-derived primary cells reveals drug-induced infidelity in stem cell hierarchy
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Cao Elaine Yiqun , Kumar Vibhor , Zhang Xiaoqian , Leong Hui Sun , Wong Angeline Mei Lin , Ramakrishnan Neeraja , Hakimullah Muhammad , Teo Hui Min Vivian , Chong Fui Teen , Chia Shumei , Thangavelu Matan Thangavelu , Kwang Xue Lin , Gupta Ruta , Clark Jonathan R. , Periyasamy Giridharan , Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , DasGupta Ramanuj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChemo-resistance is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths. Here we used single-cell transcriptomics to investigate divergent modes of chemo-resistance in tumor cells. We observed that higher degree of phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) favors selection of pre-existing drug-resistant cells, whereas phenotypically homogeneous cells engage covert epigenetic mechanisms to trans-differentiate under drug-selection. This adaptation was driven by selection-induced gain of H3K27ac marks on bivalently poised resistance-associated chromatin, and therefore not expressed in the treatment-naïve setting. Mechanistic interrogation of this phenomenon revealed that drug-induced adaptation was acquired upon the loss of stem factor SOX2, and a concomitant gain of SOX9. Strikingly we observed an enrichment of SOX9 at drug-induced H3K27ac sites, suggesting that tumor evolution could be driven by stem cell-switch-mediated epigenetic plasticity. Importantly, JQ1 mediated inhibition of BRD4 could reverse drug-induced adaptation. These results provide mechanistic insights into the modes of therapy-induced cellular plasticity and underscore the use of epigenetic inhibitors in targeting tumor evolution.
Vortex rectenna powered by environmental fluctuations
Authors: Lustikova J. , Shiomi Y. , Yokoi N. , Kabeya N. , Kimura N. , Ienaga K. , Kaneko S. , Okuma S. , Takahashi S. , Saitoh E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA rectenna, standing for a rectifying antenna, is an apparatus which generates d.c. electricity from electric fluctuations. It is expected to realize wireless power transmission as well as energy harvesting from environmental radio waves. To realize such rectification, devices that are made up of internal atomic asymmetry such as an asymmetric junction have been necessary so far. Here we report a material that spontaneously generates electricity by rectifying environmental fluctuations without using atomic asymmetry. The sample is a common superconductor without lowered crystalline symmetry, but, just by putting it in an asymmetric magnetic environment, it turns into a rectifier and starts generating electricity. Superconducting vortex strings only annihilate and nucleate at surfaces, and this allows the bulk electrons to feel surface fluctuations in an asymmetric environment: a vortex rectenna. The rectification and generation can be switched on and off with only a slight change in temperature or external magnetic fields.
A robust zirconium amino acid metal-organic framework for proton conduction
Authors: Wang Sujing , Wahiduzzaman Mohammad , Davis Louisa , Tissot Antoine , Shepard William , Marrot Jérôme , Martineau-Corcos Charlotte , Hamdane Djemel , Maurin Guillaume , Devautour-Vinot Sabine , Serre Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProton conductive materials are of significant importance and highly desired for clean energy-related applications. Discovery of practical metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high proton conduction remains a challenge due to the use of toxic chemicals, inconvenient ligand preparation and complication of production at scale for the state-of-the-art candidates. Herein, we report a zirconium-MOF, MIP-202(Zr), constructed from natural α-amino acid showing a high and steady proton conductivity of 0.011 S cm−1 at 363 K and under 95% relative humidity. This MOF features a cost-effective, green and scalable preparation with a very high space-time yield above 7000 kg m−3 day−1. It exhibits a good chemical stability under various conditions, including solutions of wide pH range and boiling water. Finally, a comprehensive molecular simulation was carried out to shed light on the proton conduction mechanism. All together these features make MIP-202(Zr) one of the most promising candidates to approach the commercial benchmark Nafion.
Evaluation of optic nerve head blood flow in response to increase of intraocular pressure
Authors: Iwase Takeshi , Akahori Tomohiko , Yamamoto Kentaro , Ra Eimei , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe time course of the changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow in response to changes in the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) induced by an artificial elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) has not been determined. We measured the blood flow, represented by the mean blur rate (MBR), on the ONH determined by laser speckle flowgraphy. The MBR was determined before, during, and after the IOP was elevated by 20 or 30 mmHg by pressure applied on the eye by an ophthalmodynamometer in a total of 27 healthy eyes. For an IOP elevation of 20 mmHg, the percentage reduction in the MBR-vessel was −24.7%, and in the MBR-tissue was −16.0% (P < 0.001). For an IOP elevation of 30 mmHg, the percentage reduction of the MBR-vessel was −35.3% and the MBR-tissue was −24.7% (P < 0.001). During the 30 mmHg IOP elevation for 10 minutes, both the MBR-vessel and MBR-tissue began returning to the baseline level from 1 minute after the beginning of the IOP elevation (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and continued returning during the 10 minutes IOP elevation (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, respectively). We conclude that the ONH can autoregulate its blood flow in response to experimental changes in OPP induced by IOP elevations.
Method and VLSI implementation of lossy‐to‐lossless LTM ECG compression framework
Authors: Zhu Huaiyu , Pan Yun , Li Ke , Huan Ruohong 
Published: November 2018

A lossy‐to‐lossless compression framework for electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is proposed for wearable monitoring devices. In this framework, the tail bits of the coefficients generated by the lifting discrete wavelet transform of the ECG sequences are truncated at different levels configured according to the tolerance of the information loss, while no truncation for lossless compression. These processed coefficients are then encoded with the modified run length code. The algorithm is evaluated by the MIT‐BIH arrhythmia database, where the experimental results show that the proposed framework achieves a better comprehensive performance than existing state‐of‐the‐art lossy‐to‐lossless compression approaches. The authors further demonstrate a three‐stage pipeline very large scale integration (VLSI) implementation of the compression framework, which can be used as an intellectual property core with a core area of 0.4 mm2 and achieves power consumption of 1.524 μW at 360 Hz in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe‐doped CdS nanorods
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Deng Minlong , Wang Xue , Li Hongfang , Yu Miao 
Published: November 2018

Hexagonal CdS and Fe‐doped CdS nanorods were synthesised by a facile hydrothermal method and characterised by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of undoped and Fe‐doped CdS nanorods were investigated at room temperature. The experimental results demonstrate that the ferromagnetism of the Fe‐doped CdS nanorods differs from that of the undoped CdS nanorods. The remanence magnetisation (Mr) and the coercive field (Hc) of the Fe‐doped CdS nanorods were 4.9 × 10−3 emu/g and 270.6 Oe, respectively, while photoluminescence properties were not influenced by doping. First‐principle calculations show that the ferromagnetism in Fe‐doped CdS nanocrystal arose not only from the Fe dopants but also from the Cd vacancies, although the main contribution was due to the Fe dopants.
Replacement of antibiotics in poultry diets.
Authors: Denlİ M. , Demİrel R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Poultry growth performance and feed efficiency are closely related to the intestinal microbiota quantity, wall structure and the activity of the immune system. Several antibiotics was used in poultry feeds as growth promoters to enhance growth and improve feed efficiency and to reduce mortality in the poultry industry. All commonly used feed antibiotic-growth promoters have been banned and not used in feeds in certain countries due to increased concerns about the potential for antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria and residues of antibiotics in animal tissues. After this decision many scientists have searched for alternatives to antibiotics. Many approaches or alternative natural replacements include probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, plant extracts, etheric oils and immune stimulants have been applied to maximize performance, maintain animal productivity, preventing and controlling enteric pathogens and reducing antibiotic use in the animal production in recent years. The use of a single replacement or ideal combinations of various alternatives with good management and livestock practices may play a key role in maximizing performance and preserving animal productivity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the recent knowledge on the use of the natural replacements in poultry feeds as feed additives and their effects on the poultry performance.
Enrichment sampling for a multi-site patient survey using electronic health records and census data
Authors: Mercaldo Nathaniel D , Brothers Kyle B , Carrell David S , Clayton Ellen W , Connolly John J , Holm Ingrid A , Horowitz Carol R , Jarvik Gail P , Kitchner Terrie E , Li Rongling , McCarty Catherine A , McCormick Jennifer B , McManus Valerie D , Myers Melanie F , Pankratz Joshua J , Shrubsole Martha J , Smith Maureen E , Stallings Sarah C , Williams Janet L , Schildcrout Jonathan S 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objective
We describe a stratified sampling design that combines electronic health records (EHRs) and United States Census (USC) data to construct the sampling frame and an algorithm to enrich the sample with individuals belonging to rarer strata.

Materials and Methods
This design was developed for a multi-site survey that sought to examine patient concerns about and barriers to participating in research studies, especially among under-studied populations (eg, minorities, low educational attainment). We defined sampling strata by cross-tabulating several socio-demographic variables obtained from EHR and augmented with census-block-level USC data. We oversampled rarer and historically underrepresented subpopulations.

Results
The sampling strategy, which included USC-supplemented EHR data, led to a far more diverse sample than would have been expected under random sampling (eg, 3-, 8-, 7-, and 12-fold increase in African Americans, Asians, Hispanics and those with less than a high school degree, respectively). We observed that our EHR data tended to misclassify minority races more often than majority races, and that non-majority races, Latino ethnicity, younger adult age, lower education, and urban/suburban living were each associated with lower response rates to the mailed surveys.

Discussion
We observed substantial enrichment from rarer subpopulations. The magnitude of the enrichment depends on the accuracy of the variables that define the sampling strata and the overall response rate.

Conclusion
EHR and USC data may be used to define sampling strata that in turn may be used to enrich the final study sample. This design may be of particular interest for studies of rarer and understudied populations.
What is in the Neuromuscular Junction Literature?
Authors: Lacomis David , Puwanant Araya 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This update begins with myasthenia gravis and the roles of anti-agrin and cortactin antibodies. Regarding diagnosis, a report on repeated ice pack testing is highlighted as are several reports on the close correlation of electrodiagnostic testing with clinical features and the response to treatment. The incidence of head drop and associated clinical and ventilatory features are gleaned from a retrospective study. We also discuss a study that assessed the predominantly symmetric and conjugate ocular findings in MuSK-myasthenia gravis. Other topics that are covered include quality of life and preoperative risk. We then summarize the positive treatment trials of subcutaneous immunoglobulin and eculizumab. Turning to Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, we report on an epidemiologic study performed on the veteran affairs population, the results of the DAPPER study of 3, 4 diaminopyridine, and look to the future for other treatment options involving calcium gating modifiers.
Epidemiology of Meningitis in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: El-Naggar Walid , Afifi Jehier , McMillan Douglas , Toye Jennifer , Ting Joseph , Yoon Eugene W. , Shah Prakesh S. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Meningitis is a serious disease that occurs more commonly in the neonatal period than in any other age group. Recent data from large national cohorts are needed to determine if the epidemiology of neonatal meningitis (NM) has changed.

Aim:
To assess the rates, causative organisms, risk factors, temporal trends and short-term outcomes of NM in Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).

Methods:
A retrospective review of newborn infants admitted to NICUs participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network between January 2010 and December 2016. Patients with meningitis were reviewed. Outcomes of patients with meningitis were compared with 1:2 matched (for gestation, sex and birth weight) neonates without meningitis.

Results:
Rates of NM ranged between 2.2 and 3.5/1000 NICU admissions during the 7-year study period with the majority of patients (87%) having late-onset meningitis (at >3 days after birth). The most common bacterial organism for both early- and late-onset meningitis was Escherichia coli followed by group B streptococci. Only 31% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.06–38.63) of neonates with meningitis had simultaneous bacteremia. NM was associated with increased seizures [odds ratio (OR): 8.63; 95% CI: 4.73–15.7], retinopathy of prematurity (OR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.30–8.02), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.11–3.35), days of mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.04) and length of hospital stay (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.02), but not with mortality before discharge (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.74–2.23).

Conclusions:
The rate of NM remains largely unchanged in Canadian NICUs. NM was associated with increased major morbidities and longer hospital stay but not with mortality before discharge.
Lithium Carbonate in a Poststroke Population
Authors: Sun Yue Ran , Herrmann Nathan , Scott Christopher J.M. , Black Sandra E. , Swartz Richard H. , Hopyan Julia , Lanctôt Krista L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Loss of gray matter after stroke has been associated with cognitive impairment. This pilot study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of lithium, a putative neurotrophic agent, in the stroke recovery process within a year of stroke occurrence.

Methods
Twelve stroke patients (mean ± SD age, 71.1 ± 11.9 years) were recruited to the study, and eligible participants were prescribed open-label lithium for 60 days. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess global gray matter at baseline and end of treatment; global cognition was assessed using the standardized Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and verbal memory was evaluated using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test—Revised.

Findings/Results
There was no difference in global gray matter volume between baseline and follow-up (t = 1.977, P = 0.074). There was a significant interaction between higher lithium dose and increased global gray matter volume (F = 14.25, P = 0.004) and a correlation between higher lithium dose and improved verbal memory (r = 0.576, P = 0.05).

Implications/Conclusions
Lithium pharmacotherapy may be associated with gray matter volume change and verbal memory improvement in stroke patients, providing a rationale for future trials assessing therapeutic potential of lithium in a poststroke population.
Trajectories of Depressed Mood and Anxiety During Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Whisenant Meagan , Wong Bob , Mitchell Sandra A. , Beck Susan L. , Mooney Kathi 
Published: November 2018

Background
Women are at risk of mood disturbance during treatment for breast cancer.

Objective
The aims of this study were to identify classes of women experiencing similar trajectories of depressed mood and anxiety while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer and to determine associated antecedents and outcomes. The specific aims were to (1) determine the distinct trajectory classes associated with severity of depressed mood and anxiety reported by women undergoing cycles 2 and 3 of chemotherapy for breast cancer, (2) determine if class membership is associated with various antecedent variables, and (3) determine if class membership is associated with days of missed work and hours spent lying down.

Methods
In a secondary analysis, classes were identified using Latent Growth Mixture Modeling. Antecedents and outcomes related to class membership were explored.

Results
Participants (n = 166; mean age, 53 [SD, 10.8] years) were mostly white (91.46%); half had early-stage disease. Two trajectories of depressed mood and anxiety were identified. Receipt of doxorubicin was associated with the higher severity class for depressed mood (P < .01) and anxiety (P = .04). No college education (P = .03) or spending more hours lying down (P = .03) was associated with the higher severity class for anxiety.

Conclusions
Distinct trajectories of mood disturbance are distinguished by baseline severity. Further study is needed to determine if biologic or genomic factors are associated with class membership.

Implications for Practice
Identification of women at risk of mood disturbance may allow clinicians to intensify symptom management. Mood disturbance early in the treatment trajectory warrants management to improve outcomes.
Correlation Between Postoperative Health-Related Quality of Life and Care Needs of Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Tze-Fang , Li Yu-Jie , Chen Lee-Chen , Chou Chyuan , Yang Su-Chen 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOral cancer is the fifth most common form of cancer in Taiwan in terms of incidence and death rate and results in at least 2700 deaths each year.ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess the postoperative health-related quality of life (QOL) and care needs of oral cancer patients comprehensively and to evaluate the correlation between health-related QOL and care needs.Interventions/MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 126 oral cancer patients who had received surgical treatment within the previous 2 years and were without cognitive impairment. Each patient completed a demographic questionnaire, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Cancer Quality of Life Scale, and the Short-Form Cancer Needs Questionnaire.ResultsFemale patients and patients receiving 3 or more chemotherapy treatments were significantly associated with increased Short-Form Cancer Needs Questionnaire scores (higher level of care needs) (β= 0.177 and 28.49, bothP< .05) and patients receiving 3 or more chemotherapy treatments were significantly associated with increased Head and Neck Cancer Quality of Life Scale scores (higher level of symptoms and problems) (β= 27.77,P= .007). Results of stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated that 4 oral cancer–related symptoms and problems, “trouble with social contacts,” “swallowing problems,” “teeth problems,” and “feeling ill,” were significantly associated with higher care needs in oral cancer patients (allP≤ .05).ConclusionA significant correlation exists between health-related QOL and care needs.Implications for PracticeUsing a valid health-related QOL scale may help nurses determine their perceived physical and psychological care needs.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis to Study the Effect of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Cefepime Disposition in Children
Authors: Zuppa Athena F. , Zane Nicole R. , Moorthy Ganesh , Dalton Heidi J. , Abraham Alan , Reeder Ron W. , Carcillo Joseph A. , Yates Andrew R. , Meert Kathleen L. , Berg Robert A. , Sapru Anil , Mourani Peter , Notterman Daniel A. , Dean J. Michael , Gastonguay Marc R. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network (CPCCRN)
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
Limited data exist on the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation on pharmacokinetics of cefepime in critically ill pediatric patients. The objective was to describe cefepime disposition in children treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using population pharmacokinetic modeling.

Design:
Multicenter, prospective observational study.

Setting:
The pediatric and cardiac ICUs of six sites of the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

Patients:
Seventeen critically ill children (30 d to < 2 yr old) on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation who received cefepime as standard of care between January 4, 2014, and August 24, 2015, were enrolled.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
A pharmacokinetic model was developed to evaluate cefepime disposition differences due to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A two-compartment model with linear elimination, weight effects on clearance, intercompartmental clearance (Q), central volume of distribution (V1), and peripheral volume of distribution (V2) adequately described the data. The typical value of clearance in this study was 7.1 mL/min (1.9 mL/min/kg0.75) for a patient weighing 5.8 kg. This value decreased by approximately 40% with the addition of renal replacement therapy. The typical value for V1 was 1,170 mL. In the setting of blood transfusions, V1 increased by over two-fold but was reduced with increasing age of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit oxygenator.

Conclusions:
Cefepime clearance was reduced in pediatric patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation compared with previously reported values in children not receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The model demonstrated that the age of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit oxygenator is inversely correlated to V1. For free cefepime, only 14 of the 19 doses (74%) demonstrated a fT_minimum inhibitory concentration of 16 mg/L, an appropriate target for the treatment of pseudomonal infections, for greater than 70% of the dosing interval. Pediatric patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation might benefit from the addition of therapeutic drug monitoring of cefepime to assure appropriate dosing.