bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and future perspective of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Fujimura Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current status of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy was reviewed 16 years after the initial robot‐assisted radical cystectomy for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer. Articles associated with robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and written in English were selected from the PubMed database from January 2003 to February 2019. The present review article focused on the distribution of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy, patient selection, preoperative management, surgical technique, lymph node dissection, urinary diversion, recurrence pattern, oncological outcomes, cost, learning curve, complications and educational programs. A total of 400 articles were divided according to the country of the first author's affiliation. The USA was the most dominant at 198 (50%), whereas the number of articles from the countries belonging to the Urological Association of Asia was 15 (3.8%) for China, 17 (4.3%) for South Korea, 10 (2.5%) for Japan, eight (2%) for Taiwan, eight (2%) for Turkey and one (0.2%) for Iran. The percentage of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy carried out is increasing, and intracorporeal urinary diversion and ileal neobladder are also frequently carried out. With a refined technique being performed in high‐volume centers, robot‐assisted radical cystectomy has contributed to the reduction in transfusion rate, length of stay and severe complications; however, it has not yet shown any cancer‐specific survival benefits. Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy is not fully spread throughout the Urological Association of Asia. Further investigation with respect to worldwide results is needed to prove the real benefit of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy regarding low morbidity, reduced total medical cost, and survival benefit. In the era of precision medicine, appropriate drug and surgery will be given based on each genetic profile.
A new method for solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms into powders of a multicomponent carbide
Authors: Zeng Yi , Lun Huilin , Xiong Xiang , Ye Ziming , Qian Tianxiao , Sun Wei , Wang Yalei , Chen Zhaoke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMulticomponent boron‐containing carbide (ie, Zr‐Ti‐C‐B) composites show good ablation resistance. The present work is the first report to introduce the powder fabrication of Zr‐Ti‐C‐B using a new method for solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms. First, the nonstoichiometric carbide (ie, Zr0.8Ti0.2C0.8) with carbon vacancies was fabricated by free‐pressureless spark plasma sintering. Different boron sources such as B2O3, B, and B4C were used to react with the nonstoichiometric carbide. The Zr0.81Ti0.19C0.86B0.14 can be finally generated through the solid‐state diffusion of boron atoms using the B2O3 boron source at 1300°C followed by carbon thermal reduction using the phenolic resins at 1600°C.
The Nurse–Family Partnership in Colorado: Supporting High‐Quality Programming With Implementation Science
Authors: Neal Michelle , Fixsen Amanda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe how the Nurse–Family Partnership (NFP) has been scaled up and supported in Colorado. As an intermediary, Invest in Kids (IIK) provides implementation support for the NFP in Colorado using a generalizable implementation framework, the Active Implementation Frameworks (AIF).Organizing ConstructAn overlay of the AIF and the clinical nursing‐informed implementation support that IIK offers to NFP providers across Colorado is explored, and relevant examples are highlighted.ConclusionsWithout the use of the AIF in combination with clinical nursing expertise to support high fidelity use of the NFP throughout Colorado, promised NFP program outcomes may likely not be realized and sustained.Clinical RelevanceFurther understanding of how to utilize implementation frameworks to support evidence‐based clinical nursing programs and interventions may allow for results found in research studies to be more widely attained and maintained across practice settings.
A Japanese nationwide survey on the cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue for cancer patients
Authors: Sanada Yuko , Harada Miyuki , Kunitomi Chisato , Kanatani Mayuko , Izumi Gentaro , Hirata Tetsuya , Fujii Tomoyuki , Suzuki Nao , Morishige Ken‐ichirou , Aoki Daisuke , Irahara Minoru , Tsugawa Koichiro , Tanimoto Mitsune , Nishiyama Hiroyuki , Hosoi Hajime , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Kawai Akira , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe survival rates of cancer patients have greatly improved owing to the advances in oncology. The preservation of fertility in cancer patients is an important task. To determine the reality of cryopreservation of embryos, oocytes and ovarian tissue in cancer patients, large‐scale survey analysis was performed in Japan.MethodsWe sent 613 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology‐certified assisted reproductive technology institutions a questionnaire about their experience of performing cryopreservation for cancer patients between January 2011 and December 2015. Subsequently, the institutions that conducted cryopreservation for cancer patients were sent a second questionnaire.ResultsWe received replies from 481 (78.5%) institutions. Among them, 126 (26.2%) conducted cryopreservation for cancer patients. These 126 institutions were sent a second questionnaire. Of these, 108 (85.7%) institutions responded. At the 108 institutions, 1085 embryo or oocyte cryopreservation procedures and 122 ovarian tissue cryopreservation procedures were conducted for cancer patients. Cryopreservation was mainly performed for breast cancer patients (~70%), followed by patients with hematological malignancy. A total of 361 and 19 embryo transfer cycles were performed for patients whose embryos and oocytes were cryopreserved, respectively, and 42 and seven institutions reported pregnancy outcomes after embryo transfer in patients that underwent embryo and oocyte cryopreservation, respectively. However, pregnancy was not observed in the seven cases that underwent ovarian tissue transfer.ConclusionIndications, age limits and ovarian stimulation protocols for cryopreservation widely varied between the institutions. A national registration system for oncofertility must be established to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the current system.
Congenital lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva
Authors: Vatopoulou Anastasia , Anagnostopoulos Antonios , Sujeewa Fernando 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLymphangioma circumscriptum is a rare benign disorder of unknown etiology affecting lymph vessels in the deep dermal and subcutaneous layers. The commonest sites of presentation are the axilla, shoulders, groins, tongue and oral cavity. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva is very rare can be either congenital or secondary to lymphadenectomy or pelvic radiation in patients with genital cancer, genital tuberculosis, Crohn's disease, cellulitis, morbid obesity and immobilization. We report the case of congenital lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva in an adolescent with congenital lymphedema of the leg.
Reliability of smartphone‐based radiographic interpretation for evaluating cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs
Authors: Jojima F. S. , Sousa M. G. , Froes T. R. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of radiological diagnosis of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs using two viewing platforms.Material and MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study including cases admitted between January 2012 and December 2016. Thoracic radiographs from 121 dogs with and without cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were included. The study was divided into two phases, and images were interpreted by two observers: a radiologist (R1) and a cardiologist (R2). In the first phase, images were sent in JPEG format for interpretation using a smartphone. In the second phase, DICOM images were interpreted at the standard workstation using a DICOM viewer. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to evaluate the accuracy of each method of radiological evaluation, and Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the correlation between the evaluations performed by R1 and R2.ResultsThe accuracy of R1 in diagnosing pulmonary oedema was 94.1% (95% confidence interval: 88.3 to 97.5) for DICOM images and 90.7% (95% confidence interval: 84.1 to 95.1) for JPEG/smartphone. The accuracy of R2 was 89.5% (95% confidence interval: 82.6 to 94.4) for DICOM images and 90.6% (95% confidence interval: 83.9 to 95.2) for JPEG/smartphone. There was no statistically significant difference between these evaluation methods. The correlation coefficient for R1 and R2 was 0.815 and 0.761, respectively.Clinical SignificanceCardiogenic pulmonary oedema may be reliably diagnosed on thoracic radiographs viewed on a smartphone by a specialist, which may expedite treatment.
Platelet count increases after viral elimination in chronic HCV, independent of the presence or absence of cirrhosis
Authors: Sayyar Mubarak , Saidi Marie , Zapatka Susan , Deng Yanhong , Ciarleglio Maria , Garcia‐Tsao Guadalupe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlatelet (PLT) count is included in non‐invasive scores assessing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Improvement in fibrosis scores after antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been interpreted as indicative of an improvement in fibrosis. HCV itself can lower PLT and, therefore, an increase in PLT would be expected after viral elimination irrespective of pretreatment fibrosis stage. The aim of this study was to investigate this hypothesis by assessing changes in PLT after viral elimination in patients with chronic HCV stratified by the absence or presence of cirrhosis.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients with chronic HCV infection treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) who achieved viral elimination and in whom PLT were obtained prior to treatment, at first negative HCV‐RNA, at treatment completion and at 6 months, and 1 year after treatment completion. Comparisons were made between patients with and without cirrhosis.ResultsA total of 420 patients with chronic HCV were treated, of which 208 were excluded, leaving 212 patients eligible for analysis (142 without cirrhosis, 70 with cirrhosis). Overall, a significant increase in PLT was observed up to 1 year after antiviral treatment completion (P < .001). Changes in PLT between patients with and without cirrhosis were not significantly different at any of the time points.ConclusionPlatelet count increased significantly in patients with HCV who achieved viral elimination irrespective of the absence or presence of cirrhosis. This suggests that changes in PLT post‐viral elimination should not be interpreted as being reflective of changes in liver fibrosis or portal hypertension.
A network traffic assignment model for autonomous vehicles with parking choices
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Liu Wei , Waller S. Travis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is the first in the literature to investigate the network traffic equilibrium for traveling and parking with autonomous vehicles (AVs) under a fully automated traffic environment. Given that AVs can drop off the travelers at their destinations and then drive to the parking spaces by themselves, we introduce the joint equilibrium of AV route choice and parking location choice, and develop a variational inequality (VI)‐based formulation for the proposed equilibrium. We prove the equivalence between the proposed VI model and the defined equilibrium conditions. We also show that the link flow solution at equilibrium is unique, even though both the route choices and parking choices are endogenous when human‐occupied AV trips (from origin to destination) and empty AV trips (from destination to parking) are interacting with each other on the same network. We then develop a solution methodology based on the parking‐route choice structure, where we adjust parking choices in the upper level and route choices in the lower level. Numerical analysis is conducted to explore insights from the introduced modeling framework for AV network equilibrium. The results reveal the significant difference in network equilibrium flows between the AV and non‐AV situations. The results also indicate the sensitivity of the AV traffic pattern to different factors, such as value of time, parking pricing, and supply. The proposed approach provides a critical modeling device for studying the traffic equilibrium under AV behavior patterns, which can be used for the assessment of parking policies and infrastructure development in the future era of AVs.
Saprochaete clavata infections in patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies: A report of a monocentric outbreak and review of the literature
Authors: Stanzani Marta , Cricca Monica , Sassi Claudia , Sutto Emanuele , De Cicco Gabriella , Bonifazi Francesca , Bertuzzi Clara , Bacci Francesco , Paolini Stefania , Cavo Michele , Lewis Russell E. 
Published: July 2019

SummarySaprochaete clavata is a rare cause of fungaemia with deep organ involvement in patients with haematological malignancies with reported mortality rates of 60%‐80%. We describe four cases of S clavata infection in a haematology unit over several months that were treated with voriconazole‐based regimens. We also review the literature on factors that could contribute to earlier recognition and effective treatment of S clavata. We included all cases of culture‐positive S clavata from sterile sites with associated signs of infection in patients undergoing treatment for a haematological malignancy. Isolates were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS, and spectrum profiles were used to prepare clustering analysis of isolates. Susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial microtitre methods. Saprochaete clavata was isolated from the bloodstream in three cases and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in one case. Clustering analysis suggested strains of S clavata were clonal without evidence of divergence although a common source was not identified. Susceptibility testing yielded elevated MICs to fluconazole (8 mg/L) and echinocandins (>1‐8 mg/L). All patients were treated with voriconazole‐based regimens resulting in survival of 3/4 patients, who continued chemotherapy for their underlying malignancy without evidence of relapse. Saprochaete clavata is a rare but aggressive cause of breakthrough yeast infection in patients undergoing treatment for haematological malignancies, particularly patients with a prior history of echinocandin treatment. Timely initiation of appropriate treatment, aided by more rapid identification in microbiology laboratory, can reduce the risk of deep organ dissemination and patient death.
Part 2: Moral motivation and moral cultivation inMencius—When one burst of anger brings peace to the world
Authors: Hu Jing Iris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs a 4th century BCE Confucian text,Menciusprovides a rich reflection on moral emotions, such as empathy and compassion, and moral cultivation, which has drawn attention from scholars around the world. This two‐part discussion dwells on the idea of natural moral motivation expressed through the analogy of the four sprouts—particularly the sprout ofceyin zhixin(the heart of feelings others' distress)—as the starting point, the focus, and the drive of moral cultivation. In Part 1, I presented an integrated view of the sprouts as including cognitive, affective, and motivational aspects. In Part 2, I discuss the cultivation and application of natural moral motivation. I illustrate how the sprouts inform moral deliberation and drive moral cultivation, while also being its subject. I also demonstrate how emotional responses are managed and regulated according to the sprouts and discuss why moral cultivation is sometimes unsuccessful.
The folk concept of lying
Authors: Wiegmann Alex , Meibauer Jörg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLying is a familiar and important concept for virtually all of us, and philosophers have written a lot about what it means to lie. Although it is commonly accepted that an adequate definition of lying captures people's use and understanding of this concept, there have been surprisingly few empirical studies on it. n recent years, however, there is a trend emerging to remedy this lacuna. In this paper, we provide an overview of these studies. Starting from a widely accepted philosophical definition of lying, we focus on the following three questions: Is an intention to deceive required for lying? Is it possible to lie despite saying something true? Can you lie by falsely implicating?
Illness beliefs among people living with treated coeliac disease
Authors: Ring Jacobsson Lisa , Johansson Stark Åsa , Eckerblad Jeanette 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundEvidence suggests that many people with coeliac disease (CD) suffer from continuing illness despite following a strict gluten‐free diet. Beliefs affect how people experience and manage their residual symptoms. Illness beliefs therefore provide a useful framework for understanding these problems.AimTo explore illness beliefs among people living with treated coeliac disease.MethodsThe design was qualitative descriptive with semi‐structured interviews including 22 adults with coeliac disease. Data were analysed with qualitative content analysis. The study follows the ethical guidelines given in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local ethical committee (DN 2014/92‐31).FindingThe source of experienced continuing illness, despite following a gluten‐free diet, was believed to be a bodily imbalance affecting participants’ lives in many ways, both private and in contact with the health services. Due to a feeling of exhaustion and lack of energy, this imbalance had prevented them from participating in school, work life and social activities. Since the participants had often been ill for many years before diagnosis, they believed their intestine to be so damaged that it was no longer possible to achieve a bodily balance.ConclusionsIllness beliefs in people diagnosed and treated for CD showed that they explained various continuing conditions, physiological and/or psychological, by a bodily imbalance, originally caused by the CD. By uncovering these illness beliefs, the possibility of finding an adequate and facilitative strategy grows stronger.
Exploring well‐being: medical students and staff
Authors: Simpson Victoria , Halpin Laura , Chalmers Kirk , Joynes Viktoria 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundMental illness in young people is a major public health challenge, with a higher prevalence amongst medical students. This study explores the perspectives of both students and staff in relation to the provision of well‐being support within one medical school in the United Kingdom.MethodsA total of 17 second‐year medical students and five members of academic and well‐being staff at Liverpool Medical School participated in one‐to‐one semi‐structured interviews. Staff and students were asked for their views on existing support services, exploring challenges and ideas for development. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically to identify common themes amongst both students and staff.ResultsStudents wanted to have more obvious support during their transition from sixth form to undergraduate studies. Perceived stigma surrounding mental health continues to prevent students seeking help over concerns this might have upon academic progress. Staff reported concerns that student expectations did not always match with what could realistically be provided by the medical school well‐being service.DiscussionThe provision of opportunities for students to ‘check‐in’ with staff, and the introduction of well‐being topics within the curriculum, were perceived by students and staff as being of potential benefit to the mental health of students. Such interventions may also help to build rapport and encourage students to engage with medical school support services. All well‐being support services are increasingly in demand amongst medical students, showing a need for them to expand and well‐being to be further incorporated into the course.
Hypoxia alters the thermogenic response to cold in adult homeothermic and heterothermic rodents
Authors: Dzal Yvonne A. , Milsom William K. 
Published: July 2019

Key points
For small mammals living in a cold, hypoxic environment, supplying enough O2 to sustain thermogenesis can be challenging. While heterothermic mammals are generally more tolerant of cold and hypoxia than homeothermic mammals, how they regulate O2 supply and demand during progressive cooling in hypoxia is largely unknown.
We show that as ambient temperature is reduced in hypoxia, body temperature falls in both homeotherms and heterotherms.
In the homeothermic rat, a decrease in O2 consumption rate and lung O2 extraction accompany this fall in body temperature, despite a relative hyperventilation.
Paradoxically, in heterothermic mice, hamsters and ground squirrels, body temperature decreases more than in the homeothermic rat, even though they maintain ventilation, increase lung O2 extraction and maintain or elevate their O2 consumption rates.
Variation in cold and hypoxia tolerance among homeotherms and heterotherms reflects divergent strategies in how O2 supply and demand are regulated under thermal and hypoxic challenges.
AbstractCompared to homeothermic mammals, heterothermic mammals are reported to be exceptionally tolerant of cold and hypoxia. We hypothesised that this variation in tolerance stems from divergent strategies in how homeotherms and heterotherms regulate O2 supply versus O2 demand when exposed to hypoxia during progressive cooling. To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult rodents ranging in their degree of heterothermic expression (homeotherm: rats, facultative heterotherms: mice and hamsters, and obligate heterotherm: ground squirrels) to either normoxia (21% O2) or environmental hypoxia (7% O2), while reducing ambient temperature from 38 to 5°C. We found that when ambient temperature was reduced in normoxia, all species increased their O2 consumption rate and ventilation in parallel, maintaining a constant ventilatory equivalent and level of lung O2 extraction. Surprisingly, body temperature fell in all species, significantly so in the heterotherms. When ambient temperature was reduced in hypoxia, however, the homeothermic rat decreased their O2 consumption rate and lung O2 extraction despite an increase in their ventilatory equivalent, indicative of a relative hyperventilation. Heterotherms (mice, hamsters and ground squirrels), on the other hand, decreased their ventilatory equivalent, but increased lung O2 extraction and maintained or elevated their O2 consumption rates, yet their body temperature fell even more than in the rat. These results are consistent with the idea that homeotherms and heterotherms diverge in the strategies they use to match O2 supply and O2 demand, and that enhanced cold and hypoxia tolerance in heterotherms may stem from an improved ability to extract O2 from the inspired air.