bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of drug entry into the developing brain
Authors: Koehn Liam , Habgood Mark , Huang Yifan , Dziegielewska Katarzyna , Saunders Norman 
Published: August 2019

Background: A major concern for clinicians in prescribing medications to pregnant women and neonates is the possibility that drugs might have damaging effects, particularly on long-term brain development. Current understanding of drug permeability at placental and blood-brain barriers during development is poor. In adults, ABC transporters limit many drugs from entering the brain; however, little is known about their function during development. Methods: The transfer of clinically relevant doses of paracetamol (acetaminophen), digoxin and cimetidine into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was estimated using radiolabelled drugs in Sprague Dawley rats at three developmental stages: E19, P4 and adult. Drugs were applied intraperitoneally either acutely or following chronic exposure (for five days). Entry into brain, CSF and transfer across the placenta was measured and compared to three markers (L-glucose, sucrose, glycerol) that cross barriers by “passive diffusion”. The expression of ABC transporters in the brain, choroid plexus and placenta was estimated using RT-qPCR. Results: All three drugs entered the developing brain and CSF in higher amounts than the adult brain and CSF. Comparisons with “passive” permeability markers suggested that this might be due to age-related differences in the functional capacity of ABC-efflux mechanisms. In adult animals, chronic treatment reduced digoxin (12% to 5%, p<0.01) and paracetamol (30% to 21%, p<0.05) entry compared to acute treatment, with the decrease in digoxin entry correlating with up-regulation of efflux transporter abcb1a (PGP). In fetal and newborn animals, no gene up-regulation or transfer decreases were observed. Instead, chronic paracetamol treatment resulted in increased transfer into the fetal brain (66% to 104%, p<0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that the developing brain may be more at risk from acute drug exposure than the adult brain due to reduced efflux capacity and at greater risk from chronic treatment due to a lack of efflux mechanism regulatory capacity.
NHS screening programmes
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: August 2019

This is the first article in a series that will focus on a range of NHS screening programmes that are available across the UK. The provision of NHS screening programmes available in each country of the UK differs slightly, as do public health services. This first article provides insight and understanding of the thinking behind population screening, and explains the differences between screening and testing. Various charities and voluntary organisations are working with statutory bodies to encourage screening uptake among various populations; they are calling for better information and easier access to the various screening programmes. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) are public health practitioners, whose role in improving screening uptake is highlighted in this article.
Violence and abuse against women: issues in maternity care
Authors: Lindsay Pat , Linay Denise 
Published: August 2019

Every individual has the right to live a life free from fear of exploitation, abuse or neglect. Sadly, some childbearing women live in circumstances which threaten the health and even the life of themselves, their children/their unborn babies. Healthcare professionals have a duty to support the woman and report if they suspect a woman or her child are at risk. The risk may take different forms and not all are easy to identify. As maternity support workers work closely with women and families, they are in a good position to identify women who seem to be at risk. By being aware of the key issues and reporting concerns to the midwife, serious harm may be averted.
Clinical suspicion regarding needle decompression for patients with chest trauma
Authors: Beaven Alastair , Harrison James , Porter Keith , Steyn Richard 
Published: August 2019

Background: Needle decompression of the chest is indicated for patients in a critical condition with rapid deterioration who have a life-threatening tension pneumothorax. Aim: To reassure UK prehospital care providers that needle decompression of the chest is not commonly required in chest trauma patients, and most can be safely managed without it. Methods: Case studies as part of a major trauma network continuous review process have revealed instances of needle decompression in the absence of tension pneumothorax. Images are presented where needle decompression was attempted in the absence of tension pneumothorax. Context: Expert opinion from our network's multidisciplinary trauma team discuss the occurrence of tension pneumothorax in self-ventilating patients, and the idea that tension pneumothorax is rare in the UK civilian trauma population is acknowledged. Other causes of chest hypoventilation are discussed.
Synthesis of new analogs of 3-methyl-[1,2,4] triazolo [3,4-a] phthalazines via Suzuki coupling and evaluation of their anticancer and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Ravi Kumar Gollapudi , Kurmarayuni Chandra Mohan , Indupalli Manideepa , Pallapati Ramya Krishna , Bollikolla Hari Babu 
Published: August 2019

A series of new N-aryl substituted phenyl acetamide analogs of 3-methyl-[1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-a] phthalazines were synthesized starting from commercially available, in-expensive phthalic anhydride in good yields (65-75 %) via Suzuki Coupling. These compounds were tested for inhibition activity against HCT 116 cancer cell line by using MIT assay. Among the library of compounds, N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-6-yl)phenyl) acetamide followed by 2-(4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-6-yl)phenyl)-N-(m-tolyl) acetamide and Â N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-(3-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-6-yl)phenyl) acetamide Â were found to be active compounds with IC50 of 70 to and 90 Âµg mL-1. Further, the compounds were also screened for their antimicrobial activities.
LEVANTAMENTO DE DADOS E ANÁLISE DE MUDANÇAS EM SISTEMAS FLUVIAIS POR MEIO DE GEOPROCESSAMENTO E SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO: PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA E ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Montanher Otávio Cristiano 
Published: August 2019

Levantamentos de dados a partir de produtos de sensoriamento remoto, como fotografias aéreas e imagens de satélite, têm sido extensivamente utilizados para recuperação de mudanças em sistemas fluviais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma metodologia para organização do levantamento e análise desse tipo de dados. A metodologia baseia-se na definição de segmentos de análise, distribuídos ao longo do vale aluvial. Esta definição é feita a partir do mapeamento da planície de inundação e do eixo central do vale. Posteriormente, devem ser definidos pontos ao longo desse eixo, bem como suas áreas de influência. A partir dos segmentos de análise e de objetos a serem mapeados, como o canal fluvial e os sedimentos expostos, foram propostos dois tipos de sínteses: espaço-temporal e longitudinal. A síntese espaço-temporal ainda é dividida em dois tipos, uma relativa ao canal e outra relativa à cobertura superficial da planície de inundação . Como são necessárias técnicas de geoprocessamento para aplicação da metodologia , o artigo apresenta opções com uso do software livre QGIS. Finalmente, um estudo de caso é apresentado como exemplo de aplicação da metodologia , cuja área situa-se no noroeste do Estado do Paraná.
POLUIÇÃO ATMOSFÉRICA, PROBLEMAS RESPIRATÓRIOS E CARDIOVASCULARES: INVESTIGANDO O SETOR FERROLIGAS EM PIRAPORA/MG, BRASIL
Authors: Mendonça Gustavo Lino , Muniz Magalhães Sandra Célia , Da Silva Cássio Alexandre 
Published: August 2019

A poluição atmosférica industrial tem sido objeto de pesquisas que vem confirmando a correlação entre o aumento da poluição do ar com manifestações de Doenças e Agravos - DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares. O objetivo geral do estudo foi discutir sobre os efeitos das emissões de poluentes atmosféricos oriundos de empreendimentos do Setor Ferroligas que operam em Pirapora/MG, sobre a saúde da população vizinha a esses empreendimentos. A metodologia consistiu na realização de um estudo ecológico que contemplou pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de gabinete e levantamentos de campo. Após a obtenção de uma Área de Risco Ambiental para poluentes atmosféricos – ARA, foram selecionados dois Territórios de Saúde – TS. O primeiro (Vila Maria), sobreposto pela ARA e o segundo (Novo Buritizeiro), externo à ARA. Foram levantados dados primários dos diagnósticos de DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares desses mesmos TS, para fins de confrontamento e análise das taxas. O TS Vila Maria apresentou taxas de diagnósticos superiores ao TS Novo Buritizeiro de 53,38% (2015) e 89,62% (2016) e em média, 70,53%. Concluiu-se que as emissões de poluentes atmosféricos das indústrias colaboraram significativamente para o aumento de DeA respiratórios e cardiovasculares na população do entorno e que crianças e idosos foram os mais afetados.
The Electric Susceptibility of Bi-Layers Ferroelectrics
Authors: Gunawan Vincensius , Umiati Ngurah Ayu Ketut , Subagio Agus 
Published: August 2019

In order to enhance insight of layered structure, we perform numerical calculation to obtain the dynamic electric susceptibility in bi-layers ferroelectrics. Since susceptibility is a parameter which gives response to the external field, then determination of this parameter is important. A lattice model is employed to slice bilayer structure into several lattices. Then, Landau-Khalatnikov equation of motion is used in each lattice to construct a matrix equation of equation of motion. The solution is obtained by applying entire-cell effective medium. We find that the homogeneity of dynamic polarization is different from homogeneity of the single individual layer due to the existence of interlayer interaction. As a result, the electric susceptibility is also altered. It is also noticed that there is a relation between the homogeneity of dynamic polarization and the value of electric susceptibility near resonant frequency. The higher the homogeneity, the bigger the values of susceptibility will be.
Eternal Contemporaneity in Advertisements of „Naujoji Romuva“ (1931–1940)
Authors: Bankauskaitė-Sereikienė Gabija , Keturakienė Eglė 
Published: August 2019

Advertising appealing to senses is satiated with the dream of immortality. The society striving for an eternal state of mythical youth lives in the reality of theatre and manipulations. On the one hand, advertising offers certain society life models through myth, archetypical symbols. On the other hand, culture of global observation, watching changes life into an illusion and life simulation. The more a person succumbs to abstractedness of life in advertisements, the greater demand for mythical time, eternal moment and harmony arises. Advertising which has categorically prohibited for a society to get older, gives an individual an illusion of eternal contemporaneity through archetypes. Modern man sees himself as a creator of history, hence, he feels great temptation to take part in an imaginary act of creation. The article provides the analysis of archetypac imagery in interwar advertisements on the basis of insights of R. Barthes, G. Debord and M. McLuhan on mythological structures of thinking, advertisements and modern society of a performance as well as thoughts of M. Eliade on repetition of time. For the analysis publication Naujoji Romuva (1931-1940) has been chosen. The expression of archetypes has been discussed after they have been categorized into three groups under character and general context of archetypal structures: archetypes of world creation, prototypes of man and woman, and mythical, folklore. Prototypes of man as a hero and woman as having a mystic role to continue the cycle of life, as well as mythical, folklore symbols (mirror, horseshoe, spruce, flower) also play the said role. Archetypal imagery is often found in advertisements of cosmetics, chemicals and sealants.
Eristic Argumentation in Advertising
Authors: Biržietienė Skirmantė , Gabrėnaitė Eglė 
Published: August 2019

Advertising may be examined as a particular form of rhetoric the aims of which are the same as of rhetoric, namely to affect mind, will, feelings, and to persuade. The theory of rhetoric, the main object of which is discourse not only in narrow meaning (as verbal expression of ideas (i.e. to say text)), but also in broad meaning – as a communicative act between the addresser and the addressee since its interdisciplinary nature provides the right tools to explore the advertising discourse. The theory of rhetoric is successfully applied in development of advertising discourse, because it helps to foresee the communicative act between the addresser and the addressee. Advertising and rhetoric are combined by many common elements, but the same goal is the most important: both, rhetoric and advertising seek for persuasion through verbal and non-verbal measures.The paper deals with the analysis of the inventive level of advertising discourse, i.e., eristic arguments, spread of ways of proofing / persuasion. Eristic argumentation is a dominant argumentation type in advertising. This method of persuasion is a way to create truth visibility although it is just superficial. The most typical schemes of eristic argumentation used in advertising are as follows: argumentum ad vanitatem (appeal to the vanity of the addressee), argumentum ad verecundiam (appeal to the authority), argumentum baculinum (method of “whip” argument), argumentum ad novitatem (appeal to novelty). The article shows the usage of eristic arguments in Lithuanian commercial ads.
“Postface to a Catalogue on Bronze and Stone Inscriptions” by Li Qingzhao
Authors: Dashchenko Anna 
Published: August 2019

This article presents the first Russian translation of Postface to a Catalogue on Bronze and Stone Inscriptions (In Chinese: 金石录后序) with detailed comments. This postface was written in about 1135 by the outstanding Chinese poetess and the founder of Yi-an style Li Qingzhao (1084–1155). Her work is not just a supplement written to a fundamental catalogue compiled by her husband Zhao Mingcheng – a famous epigraphist, collector of ancient objects of art and high-rank official. Postface is a unique work because it introduces two genres: an epitaph in commemoration of her husband and an autobiographical essay. Moreover, it is the first female autobiography in the history of Chinese literature. The number of hieroglyphs in this text varies from 1866 to 1877 in different editions. We have revealed the distinctive features in Chinese and English traditions of commenting and studying the Postface. Chinese works are characterized by dominance of impressionist evaluations, lack of well-defined analytical categories and background knowledge. In addition, English works are characterized by using different approaches to translation of the dates and the reign periods, and by attention to the certain stories and personalities mentioned in the text for better understanding the biography of Li Qingzhao. Different opinions as to when this Postface was written have been analyzed and we have also presented our point of view to this matter.
A gyulladásos és immunológiai folyamatok kapcsolata a várandósság alatt. Gyakorlati vonatkozások
Authors: Fülöp Vilmos , Vermes Gábor , Demeter János 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: The aim of this review is to explore, in addition to revealing the biological background, new conceptual and therapeutic approaches for reproductive clinicians to provide better and more effective care for sterile and infertile couples. In humans, 75% of unsuccessful pregnancies are the result of failures of implantation, and implantation failure is the limiting factor for in vitro fertilization treatment. A modified “good” inflammation is necessary for implantation and parturition, but for most of pregnancy, inflammation threatens the continuation of pregnancy. During this period, maintaining the non-inflammatory condition is extremely important, enabling the maternal epigenetic effects to occur in the fetus, making it possible for the offspring to adapt as much as possible to the extrauterine life. In the maintenance of the non-inflammatory condition of pregnancy, a large amount of progesterone hormone produced by the placenta (after the luteo-placental shift) plays a crucial role. It has been reported that the role of inflammation during implantation is an ancestral response to the embryo as a foreign body. During normal pregnancy, this inflammation is initiated by the trophoblast and involves the suppression of neutrophil infiltration, the recruitment of natural killer cells to the site of implantation as well as the production of a range of proinflammatory cytokines. During the “implantation window”, the uterus is primed to produce several inflammatory signals such as prostaglandin E2 and a range of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF, IL6 and IFNγ. The feto-placental unit is a semi-foreign graft called a “semi allograft”, and the recognition of pregnancy by the mother (host) and the resulting maternal immune tolerance is an essential part of successful pregnancy and the birth of a healthy fetus. Because of the functional or absolute reduction of circulating progesterone (due to the decreasing hormone production of the physiologically “aging” placenta after around the 36th week of pregnancy) progesterone effects become insufficient. Therefore it is unable to suppress the production of IL8 and other inflammatory cytokines and the term inflammation, leading to cervical ripening, uterus contractions and parturition (“good” inflammation). Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32): 1247–1259.
MET Genomic Alterations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC): Rapid Response to Crizotinib in a Patient with HNSCC with a Novel MET R1004G Mutation
Authors: Chu Lisa Pei , Franck Debra , Parachoniak Christine A. , Gregg Jeffrey P. , Moore Michael G. , Farwell D. Gregory , Rao Shyam , Heilmann Andreas M. , Erlich Rachel L. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Miller Vincent A. , Ali Siraj , Riess Jonathan W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Identification of effective targeted therapies for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains an unmet medical need. A patient with platinum-refractory recurrent oral cavity HNSCC underwent comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) that identified an activating MET mutation (R1004). The patient was treated with the oral MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor crizotinib with rapid response to treatment.
Based on this index case, we determined the frequency of MET alterations in 1,637 HNSCC samples, which had been analyzed with hybrid capture-based CGP performed in the routine course of clinical care. The specimens were sequenced to a median depth of &gt;500× for all coding exons from 182 (version 1, n = 24), 236 (version 2, n = 326), or 315 (version 3, n = 1,287) cancer-related genes, plus select introns from 14 (version 1), 19 (version 2), or 28 (version 3) genes frequently rearranged in cancer. We identified 13 HNSCC cases (0.79%) with MET alterations (4 point mutation events and 9 focal amplification events). MET-mutant or amplified tumors represent a small but potentially actionable molecular subset of HNSCC.

Key Points
This case report is believed to be the first reported pan-cancer case of a patient harboring a MET mutation at R1004 demonstrating a clinical response to crizotinib, in addition to the first documented case of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with any MET alteration responding to crizotinib. The positive response to MET inhibition in this patient highlights the significance of comprehensive genomic profiling in advanced metastatic HNSCC to identify actionable targetable molecular alterations as current treatment options are limited.
A Copyright Incentive for Promoting ‘Aesthetic Sports’ in India
Authors: Sharma Seemantani 
Published: August 2019

This article posits that the Indian ‘aesthetic sports’ industry which exists outside the mainstream competitive sports industry such as cricket, hockey and football is a potential ‘soft power’ which can leverage India’s otherwise dwindling standing in the international sporting arena. This goal is attainable provided these sports incorporate some elements from the Indian performing arts within them. Furthermore, just like other creative works, such sports should be accorded copyright protection provided they fulfil the strictures of the Indian Copyright Act, 1957 (the Act). This will potentially enable such sports to be undertaken as a full time profession and incentivize Indian youth to take up sports such as gymnastics, figure skating and artistic swimming on a regular basis. It should be clarified that by taking the specific case study of aesthetic sports, my intention is not to disregard the importance of other neglected but equally important sports such as hockey, kabaddi and tennis etc. The case of aesthetic sports has been selected due to its soft power potential, the benefits of which should be availed by India.
BİR TIP FAKÜLTESİ 4-5-6. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN HASTA-HEKİM İLİŞKİSİNDE HASTA MERKEZLİLİĞE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARI VE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLER
Authors: ÖNAL Özgür , TAMAM İbrahim , NUR EROĞLU Hande 
Published: August 2019

Amaç

Bu araştırmada Süleyman
Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 4-5-6. Sınıf öğrencilerinin hasta-hekim
ilişkisinde hasta merkezliliğe yönelik tutumlarının ve ilişkili faktörlerin
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve Yöntem

Örneklem
seçilmeden tüm 4-5-6. sınıf öğrencileri çalışma kapsamına alınmış, 662
öğrenciye (%88,6) ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Hasta Hekim Yönelim
Ölçeği (PPOS-TR14) ve Empati Ölçeği (EÖ)’den faydalanılmıştır. İstatistiksel
değerlendirmede tanımlayıcı istatistikler, basit doğrusal regresyon analizi ve linear
regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular

Araştırma grubunun yaş ortalaması
22,8±1,6 (en az 20, en çok 49) yıl, Empati Ölçeği-Kısa form ortalama puanı 22,2
(±8,3)’tü. Araştırma grubunun PPOS-TR14 bakım alt ölçeği ortalama puanı 25,4
(±5,9), PPOS-TR14 paylaşım alt ölçeği ortalama puanı 25,2 (±5,7) ve PPOS-TR14
toplam ortalama puanı 50,6 (±7,9)’du.

Sonuç

Sahip olunan bazı özelliklerin (cinsiyet, ailenin
sosyoekonomik durumu, sınıf, dini inanç ile ilişki, hekim akrabaya sahip olma,
uzayan çalışma saatleri, anamneze ayrılan zaman, kendini toplumda ayrıcalıklı
görme, EÖ-Kısa form puanı) öğrencilerde hasta merkezlilik üzerinde etkili
olduğu saptandı. Hasta merkezliliğin sağlık çıktıları üzerindeki olumlu
etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak, lisans eğitimi süresince hasta merkezli
yaklaşımın benimsenmesine engel olan faktörler yapılacak çalışmalar ile
sorgulanmaya devam edilmelidir. Tıp Fakültesi yöneticileri ve Tıp Eğitimi
Anabilim Dalları ile birlikte mezuniyet öncesi eğitimde öğrencilere daha fazla
hasta merkezli tutum kazandırılması yönünde planlamalar yapılmalıdır.