bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Published Expedition Medical Resources Compared with Treatment Protocol Recommended Medical Resources for Injuries and Illnesses Encountered on Expeditions
Authors: Fiebig Kaspar , Heslop David 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:People are increasingly embarking on expeditions into remote wilderness environments and subjecting themselves to increased medical risk. Medical provisions for the management of anticipated injuries and illnesses must be selected carefully due to financial and size and weight constraints on expeditions. Literature suggests decisions surrounding medical resource provisioning are rarely made using evidence-based methods.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the medical provisions taken on expeditions against the medical provisions recommended as best practice in published treatment protocols for the management of conditions encountered on expeditions.Methods:Firstly, a mixed methods study approach was used to develop a conceptual model linking injuries and illnesses with the medical resources (equipment and medications) recommended for their management. In the second part of the study, injuries and illnesses reported in four studies from the published literature were analyzed using the conceptual model.Results:Expected medical resources for the injury and illness burden were compared to the medical resources included in published equipment and medication lists. It was found that medical resources taken on expeditions were both significantly underequipped (p<0.01) compared with the list of provisions recommended by the treatment protocols, but also included a range of resources that were not indicated as part of best practice.Discussion:These findings suggest that unnecessary over-provisioning and under-provisioning risks are being assumed on expeditions. Further research supporting the development of a medical provision recommender system may provide a more evidence-informed method of matching medical resource requirements to anticipated injury and illness profiles on expeditions.
From Yokohama, Hyogo, and Sendai to the World: The Global Legacy of Kobe
Authors: Archer Frank , Spencer Caroline , McArdle Dudley 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:The Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks for Disaster Reduction are well known and have been influential globally. However, less is known of their broader contexts.Aim:A recent opportunity to visit Kobe, Japan, provided an opportunity to experience the rich, and largely unknown tapestry behind the scenes of the Hyogo and Sendai Frameworks. This paper aims to illuminate the journey of the Kobe Legacy and its global influence.Methods:An experiential visit to Kobe and exploring its rich resources relating to disaster risk reduction.Results:The First World Conference on Natural Disasters, was held in Yokohama, Japan, in 1994. Almost immediately, Kobe experienced the Great Hanshin Earthquake, January 17, 1995, resulting in 6,434 dead, 43,792 injured, and 249,180 homes damaged. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2000 – 2005) culminated in the Second World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, 2005 and the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 – 2015. The Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011, with 18,453 dead or missing, 6157 injured, 1.1M homes damaged, with a tsunami and nuclear accidents. The Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction followed in Sendai in 2015 with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 – 2030 agreed on. Subsequently, the Sendai Framework has further evolved. However, behind the scenes, Kobe has developed a rich tapestry of insightful and valuable resources which will be outlined in this presentation.Discussion:In the words of the Mayor of Kobe, Mr. Tatsuo Yada in 2010, “I would like to reaffirm my determination to never allow our experiences of the disaster to fade away. It is our responsibility to make the utmost effort for disaster prevention and mitigation and keep passing on our experiences and the lessons learned to future generations”. This is the real legacy of Kobe.
Gender-Based Violence After A Natural Disaster
Authors: Reddy Himabindu , Goodman Annekathryn 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Gender-based violence is endemic across the world. The current evidence suggests that gender-based violence increases after natural disasters. Factors leading to this increase following natural disasters include physical displacement, loss of community supports and protections, economic hardship, and gendered differences in coping. Multiple agencies are mobilized in response to natural disasters, however, personnel are often not adequately trained to recognize or address gender-based violence.Aim:To identify challenges faced by disaster responders in recognizing and responding to gender-based violence in disaster settings, and to advocate for gender-sensitive training prior to deployment by responding personnel.Methods:The world’s literature was reviewed to identify challenges for disaster teams in recognizing and responding to gender-based violence, and to identify principles of training which may be applicable for pre-deployment competency building by disaster response personnelResults:Disaster response programs should ensure:
Collection of data to identify vulnerable populationsEstablishment of procedures for monitoring and reportingInclusion of female staff at all levels of planning and responseImplementation of holistic services including physical and psychosocial care and legal responseSafety in designing accommodations and distribution centersPre-Deployment training should include:
Gender-sensitive approach, knowledge of prevalence and impact of gender-based violenceFamiliarity with behaviors and conditions associated with gender-based violenceNon-judgmental, supportive, and validating approach to inquiry and responseFamiliarity with risk assessment toolsMobilization of social supportsKnowledge of resources, including medical and legal servicesDiscussion:Natural disasters are destabilizing events which expose vulnerable populations, particularly women, to increased violence. Disaster response teams should be adequately trained on the prevalence and impact of gender-based violence to ensure gender-sensitive interventions. Standard training of response personnel can ensure adequate identification of victims of gender-based violence and referral to appropriate services.
Happy New Year! Do New Year’s Eve Festivities Influence the Workload of the Emergency Department of an Urban Hospital?
Authors: Scholliers Annelies , Gogaert Stefan , De Fré Dimitri , D’haese Inge , Vandycke Carine 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Bruges is the largest city in the province of West-Flanders in Belgium. Because of its ample canals, it is sometimes referred to as “Venice of the North.” As such, it is a major tourist destination, and during New Year’s Eve, there are many festivities. The AZ Sint-Jan is the largest hospital providing medical care to the area.Aim:To examine the impact of the New Year’s Eve festivities on the workload of the emergency department of AZ Sint-Jan.Methods:Data was analyzed for every patient presenting to the emergency department from the 31st of December starting from 06:00 PM until the 1st of January 08:00 AM from 2009 until 2018. The time of entry, type of injury, gender, age, and whether the patient was intoxicated were evaluated. Ten other dates in this time period were obtained for comparison via a random date generator. Data were analyzed using Jasp©.Results:There were 826 patients included for analysis. On average, 41 patients presented themselves to the emergency department on New Year’s Eve between 06:00 PM and 08:00 AM. On a random day, there were only 31 patients. Most of the patients on New Year’s Eve arrived between 00:00 AM and 08:00 AM. 57% of all patients were male. 22% of all patients were intoxicated with alcohol. From 00:00 AM until 08:00 AM, one in three patients were intoxicated. The average age on admission was 36 years.Discussion:During New Year’s Eve there is a consistently higher workload in the emergency department. There is an influx of young males who are intoxicated. These patients tend to stay a long time to “sleep it off” and put considerable stress on the available resources. More attention should be given to risk mitigation strategies tailored to this group to prevent excessive drinking.
The HOPE Model for Disaster Nursing
Authors: Hugelius Karin , Adolfsson Annsofie 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Despite a large number of nurses involved in disaster situations in different ways, there are few theories or models that define and describe the goal and content of disaster nursing.Aim:This study aimed to present a model for disaster nursing, based on a literature review of the concept and content of disaster nursing.Methods:A systematic literature review of 15 original qualitative or quantitative articles was conducted. A thematic synthesis was used to analyze the data.Results:The main theme of Disaster Nursing: Crossing Borders, included three dimensions (personal borders, professional borders and environmental borders) and four themes describing the process of disaster nursing (being hit by reality; adapting to the conditions; providing aid, relief, and caring; recovering, remembering, and growing). Based on these results the HOPE model was developed. ‘HOPE’ stands for ‘Holistic health assessment and promotion; Organization and management of immediate response; Professional adaptation; Endurance and recovery.Discussion:The HOPE model for disaster nursing describes the core element and essence of nursing in the disaster response phase and can serve as guidance both for nurses deployed in disasters and in disaster nursing training.
Hospital C.O.D.E (Clinical, Operational, Disaster, and Emergency) Terminology
Authors: Buckley Christine , Molloy Michael S. , Hart Alexander , Voskanyan Amalia , Sarin Ritu , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Healthcare facilities frequently use disaster codes as a way to communicate with employees that an emergency or incident is occurring. As increasing numbers of providers work at multiple facilities, and healthcare systems continue to build disaster response teams and protocols covering multiple facilities, standardization of disaster code terminology is critical. A lack of consistency in terminology can potentially have a devastating impact on the understanding and response of visiting or relief staff.Aim:To evaluate the level of standardization in terminology of disaster codes in healthcare facilities.Methods:A convenience sample was taken from a private Facebook™ group consisting of emergency department nurses from a wide range of facilities. The Facebook™ group was asked to share their hospital disaster codes. Of the 40,179 total members, 78 commented, including 55 photos of quick reference badges, and the rest were descriptions/lists of codes. One badge was excluded due to a blurry photograph. Results were collated and analyzed for trends and standardization.Results:The most common codes were, “Code Red” for fire (72.7%), “Code Blue” for cardiac arrest (44.9%), “Code Silver” for active shooter/weapons event (37.7%) and “Code Orange” for hazardous materials (33.8%). There were 168 instances of a code term being associated with a particular event by five or fewer facilities. Two facilities used numeric systems, with 11 using plain language descriptions.Discussion:Disaster code language is inconsistent. Few of the codes were consistently assigned to the same meaning, and none were universal. Color coding was the most common method, but there was little consistency even within color code systems. Additionally, some facilities used a combination of colors, numbers, terms, and plain language. Healthcare facilities should embrace standard terminology and create a consistent language for disaster codes to enhance response capabilities and medical security.
Implementing Guidelines for Ambulance Services
Authors: Hodza-Beganovic Ruhije , Carlsson Henrik C. , Lidberg Henrik , Berggren Peter 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:If there is consensus about how to handle a patient with a specific condition, from the ambulance service point of view, it matters less for the patient which ambulance arrives to take care of the patient. Guidelines are a way of standardizing treatment or management of the patient for a given patient condition. Clear and implemented guidelines that promote the handling of the patients is done from best practice and are evidence-based according to the best ability of the organization.Aim:The aim of the current study was to implement guidelines into an organization that was not currently using guidelines. The study was conducted as a collaborative effort between a Swedish pre-hospital training organization and the local ambulance service organization in Kosovo.Methods:An iterative process of implementing the guidelines was applied:
1.Identify guidelines appropriate for the local organization. For each iteration, five guidelines are chosen.2.Have the five guidelines translated into Albanian.3.The guidelines are adapted to local conditions and context.4.The five guidelines are approved by an expert group.5.The five guidelines are implemented in the organization.Results:The initial iteration included was carried out in the form of a workshop where 22 persons (doctors and nurses) from the local ambulance service in Kosovo participated. During the workshop, the first three implementation steps were taken, while remaining steps were carried out by the local organization.Discussion:With the local management and ambulance personnel involved throughout the process, the implementation of guidelines were delivered in a more feasible way as well as more easily accepted and adhered to. Supporting a standardized treatment or management of the patient will benefit future patients. These standards should be based in evidence-based practice adopted to local conditions.
Innovating Disaster Health and Medical Emergency Responses for an Emerging Global Threat
Authors: Finnigan Gerard A. 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:The global health threat posed by the ongoing deterioration in natural ecosystems and damage to our physical environment is growing at a rapid pace. Less recognized is the threat from natural hazard disasters, which concentrate contaminants from the damaged environment and expose large vulnerable populations to life-threatening medical conditions and disease. Currently neither international nor any national health and medical emergency response protocols or programs have prepared health responses to protect the health of communities in such events.Aim:This study performed a retrospective health risk assessment on two recent events where such impacts unfolded, namely the 2015 southeast Equatorial Asia smoke haze disaster and the 2016 Melbourne thunderstorm asthma epidemic. The primary objective was to test if the characterization of health risk could have been identified earlier and catastrophic levels of mortality and morbidity reduced.Methods:The study employed a two-staged retrospective health risk characterization assessment. The first step applied the UNISDR (2017) framework for health risk disaster assessment combing a thematic and targeted word literature review to identify the level of health and medical risk knowledge prior to each event. The second stage applied a risk characterization matrix developed using ISO and Australian Health Department semi-quantitative health assessment standards.Results:The 2015 southeast Equatorial Asia smoke haze disaster risk assessment was characterized as an extreme health risk and the 2016 Melbourne thunderstorm asthma epidemic characterized as a high health risk.Discussion:Innovative medical response approaches are urgently needed to mitigate the growing health risk to whole populations from natural hazard disasters compounded by deteriorating natural ecosystems and the physical environment. This requires emergency medical and health teams to recognize the two-tailed human health risk from natural disaster hazards, along with investment in advanced planning, environmental risk surveillance, specialist training, technical guidance, and multi-sector coordination.
Introduction of Japanese Association of Disaster Medicine (JADM) Disaster Medical Coordination Support Team
Authors: Toyokuni Yoshiki , Koido Yuichi , Kondo Hisayoshi , Mase Tomohiko , Kasai Shota 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:The Japanese Association for Disaster Medicine (JADM) Disaster Medical Coordination Support Team (DMCST) was formed in 2016 when Japan experienced Kumamoto earthquake to support other disaster medical assistance teams in terms of headquarter operation logistics.Aim:Introducing medical association-based disaster medical support team.Methods:JADM DMCST was formed by an association member who had experience in disaster medical headquarter operation and logistic support. Disaster medical headquarter tends to have a gap between acute phase and sub-acute phase due to an alternation of disaster medical assistance team. To keep disaster medical management at medical management headquarter, experienced manpower requires. JADM DMCST provided assistance to fill those gaps.Results:For 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, 107 members responded as a JADM DMCST, 78 members responded for 2018 West Japan Torrential Rain Disaster. Most of the members responded to the medical headquarter of affected prefecture’s, city’s, and medical region’s headquarters. Members provided logistic support in headquarter operation, gathered medical needs information, helped medical team dispatch coordination, gathered evacuation shelter information, provided heat stroke support for evacuees, assisted deep vein thrombosis management, provided AED delivery operation, and helped statistical information analysis based on WHO standards.Discussion:JAMD DMCST could provide medical management support at each headquarters without time span restrictions which the most of disaster medical assistance team has. Since all members were experienced in disaster medical management, they could connect and keep providing medical assistance to the affected people. At the time of disaster, disaster medical management headquarter is always short handed due to a large amount of incoming information. All this information was managed by the support team. Although JADM DMCST contributed to support headquarter management, each member had to pay for his/her transportation, hotel, food and any devices required for headquarter operations. Therefore, improving member’s responding condition is next problem to solve.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Disaster Experiences and Disaster Measures: Potential for Specific Measures Against Disasters
Authors: Shintaku Hazuki , Kawasaki Hiromi , Yamasaki Satoko , Murata Yoshihiro , Huang Luoming , Kakehashi Masayuki 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Japan is known worldwide as an earthquake-prone country, and large-scale landslide disasters have occurred frequently in recent years. Early preparation is essential for taking precise action in case of an emergency. People with disaster experience are often discussed in the importance of evacuation drills. However, most people have no disaster experience, so awareness of disaster countermeasures is desirable for non-experienced people.Aim:To clarify the concerns of non-experienced people and consider how to strengthen disaster measures as an evacuation drill host or educator.Methods:From February to March 2018, we enrolled teachers and parents whose children attend Hiroshima City Elementary School. Based on disaster experiences, we divided them into two groups, non-experienced and experienced, and a comparison of measures was performed between them. We used SPSS ver.22 and did a chi-square test.Results:There were 1,702 valid responses (145 teachers and 1,557 parents); 1,406 were non-experienced, and 289 were experienced. The issues both groups were most concerned about were “children’s safety at school” (non-experienced 61.7%, experienced 57.3%), “securing food and drink at school” (39.0%, 3.3.9%), “acceptance and distribution of relief supplies” (28.1%, 2.6.6%), and “resident evacuation” (25.4%, 2.4.0%). The experienced were most concerned with “children’s mental care” (60.2%), and the non-experienced were most concerned with “children’s safety at school” (61.7%).Discussion:Regardless of experience, parents tend to be deeply concerned about all things pertaining to their children. Physical safety, as well as psychological needs, were of high importance. For non-experienced, we should develop interest by focusing on children’s needs when writing manuals for disaster measures and evacuation drills. Therefore, future projects to strengthen awareness of disaster prevention for the non-experienced should focus on three key issues: “step-by-step approaches for children,” “physiological needs,” and “safety of schools and shelters.”
The Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Search and Rescue Teams of Sri Lanka Army Regarding Search and Rescue as a Response to Disasters
Authors: Kumara Saminda , Semage Saveen 
Published: May 2019

Introduction:Sri Lanka Army is a valuable resource for the country as a capacity factor in disaster situations. Sri Lanka Army has established Search and Rescue teams (SAR teams) in all 25 districts.Aim:To describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SAR teams regarding search and rescue as a response to disasters.Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from October to December 2017. Five platoons were selected randomly from high and medium risk district categories, and all five platoons were selected from the low-risk category. The total sample size was 465. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was employed.Results:The median age was 28 years. 3.2% were officers, 96.8% were soldiers, the majority (80.4%) were educated up to G.C.E. (O/L), and 62.4% were married. 52.9% of the population had undergone SAR training during the past three years in Sri Lanka, and none had undergone training outside of the country. Overall knowledge regarding search and rescue as a response to disasters seem to be good (57.2% received higher than a score of 75%). 93.8% has desirable positive attitudes. 73.5% had participated in search and rescue operation as a response to disasters. Overall practices seemed to be poor, (71.3% of the population received lower than a score of 75%). A statistically significant association was observed with a level of education (p = 0.001), designation (p = 0.004), and knowledge on search and rescue as a response to disasters. Level of education, designation, and SAR training had no significant association with attitudes on search and rescue as a response to disasters. A statistically significant association was observed with designation (p = 0.021) and practices.Discussion:Search and rescue drills should be carried out regularly. Knowledge of search and rescue as a response to disasters should be incorporated into training programs for officers and soldiers.