bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation of optic nerve on magnetic resonance imaging with visual acuity in children with cerebral visual impairment
Authors: Samvedya Veenish , Smitha K. S. , Mahesh Kamate , Virupaxi Hattiholi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

AIM:
The aim of the study was to correlate the optic nerve dimensions at various locations on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the visual acuity of children with cerebral visual impairment (CVI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A 1-year cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital involving 60 children aged 1 to 12 years diagnosed with CVI but without ocular pathologies. Visual acuity was evaluated using teller acuity cards (TACs). MRI of the brain and orbit was performed using three-dimensional high-resolution, volumetric heavily T2-weighted sequences to screen for brain pathologies and measure optic nerve dimensions at two locations. The correlation between visual acuity and optic nerve dimensions was analyzed. The Chi-square test was employed to assess significance using SPSS software.

RESULTS:
In our study, 64% (n = 38) of the participants were children under 3 years of age. The severity and characteristics of CVI influenced visual functioning at different ages. As children with CVI grew older and moved from Phase I to Phase III, the proportion with very low visual acuity significantly decreased from 85.2% in Phase I to 22.2% in Phase III and from 63.2% in the <3-year age group to 18.2% in more than 5-year age group. No direct correlation was found between optic nerve dimensions and visual acuity but optic disc changes such as optic disc pallor significantly correlated with low visual acuity.

CONCLUSION:
Our findings suggest that there may not be a direct correlation between optic nerve dimensions and visual acuity in children with CVI. However, optic disc changes do correlate with visual acuity, but optic disc changes alone are not a criterion for assessing visual function. Additionally, our study highlights the significance of a combined assessment by a neuro- ophthalmologist and neuro-pedaitrician in children with CVI.
Carotid-cavernous fistula due to contralateral orbital trauma
Authors: Namitha V. G. , Neena R. , Jayadevan E. R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Direct carotid cavernous fistula is an abnormal arterio-venous connection from the carotid artery to the cavernous sinus (CS), resulting in high-pressure arterial blood entering the low-pressure venous CS. Most often, it occurs posttrauma and presents with ipsilateral orbital signs. In this report, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man, who presented with a late-onset right-sided red eye and diplopia following contralateral (left sided) orbital trauma (road traffic accident 7 months ago). Ocular examination revealed signs of Lateral rectus palsy, axial proptosis, and elevated intraocular pressure with dilated episcleral vessels in the right eye. Clinical findings were consistent with the diagnosis of right-sided direct CCF. To our surprise, digital subtraction angiogram revealed a left CCF with prominence of signs on the contralateral side. He underwent near-total endovascular coiling of the fistula, with initial aggravation of symptoms followed by near-total resolution.
Evisceration and ocular prosthetic implantation following endovascular coiling for the management of endophthalmitis in a long-standing post-traumatic unilateral carotid-cavernous fistula: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Thrishulamurthy Chinmayee J. , Ahmed H. Shafeeq , Pendharkar Hima , Kusuma M. J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) is a rare condition involving an abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. We present a unique case of posttraumatic unilateral CCF initially misdiagnosed as a corneal melt with iris prolapse and orbital cellulitis. The patient, a 25-year-old male, experienced swelling, bleeding, and sudden vision loss in the affected eye following a fall. Imaging confirmed a direct CCF, and the patient underwent endovascular coiling, evisceration, and prosthetic replacement. Partial loss of levator palpebrae superioris muscle function was observed postprocedure. This case underscores the diagnostic challenge of CCF and highlights the significance of early and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management.
Branch retinal artery occlusion in a young patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser type 2 syndrome
Authors: Bedwal Anita , Banerjee Mousumi , Rewri Parveen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Retinal vascular occlusions are rare in young people, and any occlusion warrants an extensive clinical evaluation to establish the etiology. Cardiac malformations are a source of embolism. We present a case of atrial septal defect (ASD) in a patient with type II Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, leading to unilateral branch retinal arterial occlusion (BRAO) in a young woman. A 21-year-old woman presented with sudden, painless, blurring of vision, and a superior visual field defect in her right eye. A fundus examination confirmed the BRAO diagnosis. Ocular and systemic evaluation revealed primary amenorrhea, ASD, ectopic kidneys, and pelvic cyst. Any vascular occlusion in a young patient must be thoroughly evaluated, including a detailed systemic history.
Impact of neuro-optometric rehabilitation on adult oculomotor challenges – A systematic review
Authors: Jose Judy , George Bincy M. , Bhandary Sulatha V. , Jasti Dushyanth Babu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Neuro-optometric rehabilitation has a broad range of potential rehabilitative applications in neurological and developmental conditions affecting the eye. There is a dearth of evidence supporting its effectiveness, especially in adults. To address this issue, we systematically reviewed literature published in English between January 2000 and June 2022, obtained from search engines such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and CINAHL, using keywords including “neuro optometry,” “rehabilitation” or a related term, and “oculomotor problem” or “neurological problem” or a related term. Duplicates were eliminated through Mendeley software, and the quality of the selected studies was evaluated using JBI’s critical appraisal tools. Two authors independently reviewed six full-text articles. Relevant data were extracted to Microsoft Excel, and a third author reviewed it. Any uncertainties were resolved through consultation with the last author. Selected studies included adults who had oculomotor problems resulted either from traumatic brain injury/stroke/cerebrovascular accidents and managed with various rehabilitative therapies. Office-based, home-based, or combination therapies with duration ranging from 8 to 12 weeks with the frequency of 2–5 sessions/week were found effective in managing oculomotor problems in adults. However, there is a need for more clinical studies with a larger sample size in this regard.
The patterns and correlates of tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia: A cross-sectional study from North India
Authors: Yadav Shri Krishna , Dalal Pronob Kumar , Datta Manjistha , Pant Sanju , Kar Sujita Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that is attributed to significant morbidity. Tobacco use is widespread among patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the patterns and correlates of tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on patients with schizophrenia visiting a tertiary care center in North India. Adult patients of schizophrenia who were adherent to antipsychotic treatment were evaluated for the pattern and severity of tobacco use with reference to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

RESULTS:
A total of 93 patients were enrolled in the study. The current prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 61.54% among the patients with schizophrenia, and the majority (65.6%) of them was tobacco chewers with initiation of tobacco use during the second to third decades of life. More than half the tobacco users had at least a moderate level of dependence and had a positive family history of tobacco use. Patients with moderate-to-severe tobacco dependence had more severe psychopathology of schizophrenia than those with mild-to-moderate levels of tobacco dependence.

CONCLUSION:
The prevalence of tobacco use is high among patients with schizophrenia, and the psychopathology of schizophrenia may have a bearing on tobacco use behavior.
A case report of mephentermine dependence with mephentermine-induced psychosis
Authors: Chintala Hamini , Goud Sripathi Santhosh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Mephentermine is a cardiac stimulant with sympathomimetic effects which can be abused for bodybuilding. Athletes usually consume mephentermine at the advice of their trainers or peers to increase their stamina to exercise. The most common adverse effects experienced by the users were dependence and psychosis, which developed among chronic users. We report a case of a 37-year-old male, a gym trainer with mephentermine use who presented with schizophrenia-like psychosis.
Coping strategies used by children and adolescents following disaster trauma: A review of associated factors and intervention options
Authors: Kar Nilamadhab 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Children and adolescents are more vulnerable to disaster-related trauma. The specific aim of this paper was to review the coping strategies used by children and adolescents in the aftermath of disasters. The relationship of coping methods with psychological consequences were also explored, along with the effectiveness of specific strategies in dealing with traumatic experiences of disasters. A literature search of electronic databases, involving the keywords “coping,” “children” and “adolescents,” and “disaster” was done along with secondary searches of the cross references. It was evident that children and adolescents use a range of coping strategies, and a large proportion of them are helpful, while others could be detrimental to their mental health. Many children and adolescents cope with disaster trauma and are resilient. Facilitation of positive coping methods can be used as an intervention along with other supportive activities and as a part of other psychological interventions. Coping can be supported by family, nonprofessional caregivers, community, and clinicians. There is a research need to develop consensus about the terminologies and culture-specific coping assessments and to explore the short- and long-term effectiveness of interventions focused on coping.
Contagion of fear: Investigating the psychology and effects of mass hysteria
Authors: Pradhan Lopamudra , Sahoo Ashrumochan , Sahu Pallabi , Swain Sarada Prasanna , Pradhan Mrunmayee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Mass hysteria, or mass psychogenic illness (MPI), refers to the rapid spread of symptoms or behaviors within a group without an identifiable physical cause, often triggered by psychological and social factors. This case report details an outbreak of MPI, commonly known as mass hysteria, at a girls’ boarding school in central Odisha. The incident was triggered by a 12-year-old student, Miss A, who exhibited physical symptoms such as fainting, shaking, and abdominal pain. These symptoms quickly spread to almost 100 other students. Medical evaluations found no physical cause, confirming the psychogenic origin of the outbreak. Cultural beliefs in malevolent spirits and social contagion were key factors in the spread, especially among the young, impressionable students. This case highlights the psychological and social mechanisms behind MPI outbreaks and emphasizes the importance of addressing mental health and cultural beliefs when managing such incidents.
Unveiling childhood onset bipolar disorder: A hidden diagnosis behind posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Chhajed Rucha , Sahoo Ashrumochan , Dash Swoyamsiddha , Swain Sarada Prasanna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Childhood-onset bipolar disorder (BD) presents significant challenges in diagnosis and management, compounded by a lack of extensive research into its early precursors and comorbidities. Delayed recognition and treatment of BD are linked to a higher frequency of depressive episodes and poor long-term outcomes. This case report describes an adolescent misdiagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder after her father’s death, presenting with mood dysregulation, self-harm, suicidal tendencies, and school dropout, with a history of sexual abuse. Upon further evaluation, Bipolar type I disorder, current episode mixed, was diagnosed. The case highlighted the need for comprehensive pharmacological, psychosocial, and psychoeducational interventions to improve treatment outcomes in childhood-onset BD.
Correlation between the Ocular Surface Disease Index and dry eye functional parameters measured with the OCULUS Keratograph 5M in a Hispanic population
Authors: Morales-Mancillas Nallely R. , Garza-Garza Lucas A. , Hernandez-Camarena Julio C. , Castrejón-Perez Gabriela , Valdez-García Jorge E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The evaluation of dry eye disease (DED) and the ocular surface can be approached from patient-centered questionnaires, clinical scales using the slit-lamp microscope, and more recently innovative ophthalmological devices that allow for noninvasive tests. The OCULUS Keratograph 5M (K5M) is a device that allows for noninvasive measurement of ocular surface parameters.

Materials and Methods:
The present article is a retrospective and observational study detailing the correlation of the OCULUS K5M surface parameters and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score. Patients of any gender and age attending a cornea and refractive surgery practice in an academic center underwent a full ophthalmological examination and tear meniscus height, tear breakup time, bulbar redness, meibography, and OSDI score measurement through the K5M.

Results:
One hundred and sixty-four eyes of 82 patients were included. The sample showed a female preponderance (78%) and a mean age of 49.45 years. When comparing the OSDI score with ocular surface parameters, a weak negative correlation was found with the tear meniscus height (Pearson coefficient: [ −0.229, P = 0.003]). There were no other statistically significant correlations between the K5M and the OSDI score. In addition, the meibomian gland dropout was significantly associated with increasing age, whereas conjunctivochalasis was associated with the female gender, increasing age and increasing OSDI score.

Conclusions:
The subjective symptoms of DED measured with OSDI score correlate only with tear meniscus height measured by the K5M in a Hispanic population. The detection of symptomatic DED patients through the K5M is incomplete in this population.
Short-term Effects of Crude Oil-polluted Soil on the Histomorphometry of the Femoral Cortex
Authors: Ese Oghenemavwe Loveday , David Orupabo Clinton , John Banigo Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Skeletal remains are crucial in most forensic case investigations. There is therefore need to study the process of bone degradation and distortion caused by environmental factors. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of burial in a crude oil-polluted soil on long bone histomorphometry.

Materials and Methods:
Fragments of 1-cm diameter sections of the mid-shaft of the femur were obtained from a cadaver and divided into three groups. Group A fragments were not buried (control), Group B fragments were buried in normal clay soil, and Group C fragments were buried in crude oil-polluted soil. The bone fragments were buried for a period of 5 weeks in a crude oil-polluted soil and normal soil of pH 5.30 and 5.75, respectively. Histological sections of the bones were prepared using the modified Frost’s method of bone preparation. Photomicrographs were taken using a Leica ICC50E photomicroscope at four different regions of the slides. An ImageJ software was utilized to analyze the micrographic details.

Results:
Quantitative analysis showed a reduction in the Haversian canal area (HCA) and Haversian canal diameter (HCD) in the samples of bone fragments buried in the crude oil-polluted soil compared to the control. The crude oil-polluted soil showed a mean HCA and HCD of 83.52 μm and 8.91 μm as against 153.23 μm and 16.01 μm for the control. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in HCA and HCD between the control bones and those buried in normal and crude oil-polluted soil. The variation in number of osteons was observed to be nonstatistically significant for both bone samples exposed to crude oil and those not exposed.

Conclusion:
The result of this study shows that crude oil-polluted soil have little or no effects on bone histomorphometry for a short period of time. This should help guide forensic investigations.
How to preserve the native or reconstructed esophagus after perforations or postoperative leaks: A multidisciplinary 15-year experience
Authors: Nachira Dania , Calabrese Giuseppe , Senatore Alessia , Pontecorvi Valerio , Kuzmych Khrystyna , Belletatti Claudia , Boskoski Ivo , Meacci Elisa , Biondi Alberto , Raveglia Federico , Bove Vincenzo , Congedo Maria Teresa , Vita Maria Letizia , Santoro Gloria , Petracca Ciavarella Leonardo , Lococo Filippo , Punzo Giovanni , Trivisonno Angelo , Petrella Francesco , Barbaro Federico , Spada Cristiano , D'Ugo Domenico , Cioffi Ugo , Margaritora Stefano 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Esophageal perforation or postoperative leak after esophageal surgery remain a life-threatening condition. The optimal management strategy is still unclear.
AIM
To determine clinical outcomes and complications of our 15-year experience in the multidisciplinary management of esophageal perforations and anastomotic leaks.
METHODS
A retrospective single-center observational study was performed on 60 patients admitted at our department for esophageal perforations or treated for an anastomotic leak developed after esophageal surgery from January 2008 to December 2023. Clinical outcomes were analyzed, and complications were evaluated to investigate the efficacy and safety of our multidisciplinary management based on the preservation of the native or reconstructed esophagus, when feasible.
RESULTS
Among the whole series of 60 patients, an urgent surgery was required in 8 cases due to a septic state. Fifty-six patients were managed by endoscopic or hybrid treatments, obtaining the resolution of the esophageal leak/perforation without removal of the native or reconstructed esophagus. The mean time to resolution was 54.95 ± 52.64 days, with a median of 35.5 days. No severe complications were recorded. Ten patients out of 56 (17.9%) developed pneumonia that was treated by specific antibiotic therapy, and in 6 cases (10.7%) an atrial fibrillation was recorded. Seven patients (12.5%) developed a stricture within 12 months, requiring one or two endoscopic pneumatic dilations to solve the problem. Mortality was 1.7%.
CONCLUSION
A proper multidisciplinary approach with the choice of the most appropriate treatment can be the key for success in managing esophageal leaks or perforations and preserving the esophagus.
New rabbit model for benign biliary stricture formation with repeatable administration
Authors: Sun Qiu-Yue , Cheng Yi-Ming , Sun Yu-Hui , Huang Jin 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The treatment of benign biliary strictures (BBS) is a challenging clinical problem. At present, there is a lack of ideal models for the study of BBS treatment.
AIM
To develop a novel animal model of BBS to simulate studies on the processes and mechanisms in the human condition.
METHODS
A rabbit model of benign bile duct stricture was established by surgical injury of the bile duct. After removal of the gallbladder, a drainage tube was placed through the cystic duct at the stump, and a BBS model was induced by surgical injury at the lower end of the common bile duct.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the model rabbits showed gross jaundice, increased serum bilirubin, and decreased liver function. Cholangiography showed segmental bile duct stenosis in the model rabbits. Pathological staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the biliary tract of rabbits in the model group. This was consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS. This model provided serology, imaging, pathology, and other aspects of BBS.
CONCLUSION
We have successfully established an animal model of benign stricture of the lower bile duct with repeatable administration, which is consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS.
Systemic air embolism associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A case report
Authors: Li Jing-Hao , Luo Zhi-Kun , Zhang Yu , Lu Ting-Ting , Deng Yue , Shu Rui-Ting , Yu Hang 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a key procedure for diagnosing and treating biliary and pancreatic disorders. Although effective, it carries risks, including rare but severe complications such as air embolism.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a case of a 58-year-old man who developed extensive air embolism during ERCP. He previously underwent a Whipple procedure and experienced a sudden drop in vital signs and loss of consciousness. Immediate intervention with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and supportive care led to gradual recovery. Imaging confirmed widespread air embolism, which resolved with continued treatment.
CONCLUSION
Air embolism is a rare, critical complication of ERCP, especially in patients with prior surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy. Early detection and prompt treatment, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy, are crucial for favorable outcomes.