bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast Track Development of Omani Fresh Graduate Geologists
Authors: Al Hadhrami Fahad , Al Rashdi Hilal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of the discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs and utilization of discovered resources in Oxy Oman have necessitated the swift growth and professional advancement of local geologists. This abstract highlights the significance and potential strategies for fast-tracking the development of Omani fresh graduate geologists to meet the company's increasing demands for skilled professionals in the field of exploration and development geology.
With the surge in exploration and development activities, there is a growing need for a well-trained workforce equipped with advanced geological knowledge and practical skills. To address this demand, a comprehensive approach to expedite the development of Omani fresh graduate geologists is crucial.
Established for the first three years of career development with clear milestones. This program covers essential technical skills through on job training, well site experience in the drilling rig for six months, and exposure to various operation geology challenges of different reservoirs. This is alongside the incorporation of classroom training, computer-based training, hands-on practical exercises, and field visits to enhance their understanding and skills.
Secondly, a mentorship program was established, where experienced geologists within Oxy Oman can guide and support fresh graduates. Each graduate is assigned a mentor who can provide guidance, share knowledge, and help them navigate their career development within the company.
Furthermore, rotational assignments are offered to fresh graduates to work in different departments such as exploration and development fields from Oman North and Oman South between three to six months within the company. This provided them with a broader perspective of the company's operations and exposed them to different geological challenges and solutions.
A regular performance evaluation system was established to assess the progress of the fresh graduates reported monthly to quarterly by the mentors. Constructive feedback was provided to identify areas of improvement to help them grow professionally. As part of the assessment, the fresh graduates were asked to present their progress development and their study work or experience.
Regular knowledge-sharing sessions were also arranged where experienced geologists can share their expertise, insights, and lessons learned with fresh graduates. This was done through presentations, workshops, or informal discussions.
In conclusion, the fast-track development of fresh graduate geologists is crucial to meet the increasing demands of the company's rapidly expanding reservoir discoveries. By focusing on robust training programs, continuous professional development, continues mentoring with constructive feedback, and management support, Oxy Oman is effectively producing a skilled and proficient geology workforce that contributes to field discoveries and development growth.
Influence of the Bacterial Factor on the Change in Formation Permeability During Produced Water Reinjection
Authors: Kurbasov Maksim , Saikia Tinku , Øye Gisle , Feilberg Karen L. 
Published: November 2024

On Danish fields in the North Sea, a large amount of produced water is generated. The problem of disposing of this volume is a major challenge for the oil and gas sector in general. Produced water is a complex mixture of dispersed and dissolved components. The former includes dispersed oil and solids, while the latter can consist of water-soluble organic compounds, dissolved salts, and production chemicals (Dudášová et al., 2014). According to a report by the Danish Energy Agency (2023), 30.8 million cubic meters of produced water are extracted annually. One method of disposing of this volume is discharging produced water into the North Sea. However, this approach is a primary source of ocean pollution with crude oil and PAHs, affecting the populations of biota in the water column (Beyer et al., 2020). Additionally, produced water contains heavy metals and radioactive materials (Hansen and Davies, 1994), which can impact food security in the discharge region (Milenkovic et al., 2019).
As an alternative, the process of reinjecting produced water is used to maintain reservoir pressure and displace hydrocarbons from production wells (Saripalli et al., 2000). Produced water undergoes a purification process that includes degassing, oil separation, biological treatment, coarse purification, and deoxygenation, after which it is injected into the reservoir (Fakhru'l-Razi et al., 2009). However, this method is associated with several disadvantages. As operator practices show, the decline in permeability during the reinjection of produced water leads to a rapid decrease in reservoir permeability, necessitating additional measures to control oil and gas inflow. The decline in permeability during the reinjection of produced water poses a significant obstacle for oil and gas companies in the North Sea region.
The presence of total suspended solids (TSS) (Ye et al., 2013), total dissolved solids (TDS) (Hosseinzadehsadati et al., 2024), oil content (Zyleyka, 1999), and bacterial growth (Gandler et. all, 2006) can accelerate the decline in injectivity in injection wells. In the context of reinjecting produced water into chalk reservoirs, the fluid composition, temperature, and presence of organic contaminants play a more significant role due to the very low permeability (typically less than 2 mD) and high porosity (more than 20%) of chalk formations (Childs and Reed, 1975).
Examining Gas Expansion at the Pore-Scale for Underground Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Dokhon Waleed , Goodarzi Sepideh , Alzahrani Hussain M. , Blunt Martin J. , Bijeljic Branko 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The impact of hydrogen expansion during pressure decline on remobilizing trapped gases was examined within Bentheimer sandstone. The invasion mechanisms in gas expansion and injection were differentiated. Previous studies focused on gas trapping through displacement by water, whereas pressure decline is the primary mechanism for extraction in field operations. A dimensionless ratio was derived to compare advective displacement and expansion to determine the dominant mechanism during gas withdrawal and pressure decline.
High-resolution micro-CT images at a 3 μm/voxel were used to analyze dynamic changes in gas distribution and remobilization. A water-wet porous plate was used prevent hydrogen production during displacement. A pressure decline rate of 100 kPa/day from 1 MPa to 0.35 MPa was applied during gas expansion, while a constant differential pressure of 11 kPa was imposed during gas injection. Images were acquired every 24 hours to study dynamic changes in gas distribution and fluid occupancy in pores.
Distinct hydrogen behaviors were observed during expansion compared to injection. It was demonstrated that in gas injection, hydrogen advances from a connected cluster in an invasion-percolation type process, whereas in gas expansion, hydrogen accesses more pore space, including from disconnected clusters. The average gas saturation in the sample increased from 0.3 to 0.5 by gas expansion, with an estimated 10% of the expanded volume attributed to hydrogen exsolution from the brine. The spatial distribution of hydrogen during expansion showed a broader lateral spread, while in gas injection, the path was more preferential to one side.
Valuable insights into hydrogen behavior under dynamic pressure conditions in remobilizing trapped gases were introduced, potentially linking to higher withdrawal efficiency. This research can be extended to simultaneously include imbibition and pressure decline to assess the relationship between gas withdrawal and gas expansion.
OCTG Connections Test Protocol for Underground Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Martin Pierre , Roordink Patrick , Bernard Justine , Bouffler Laurent , Dugaz Sébastien , Evin Harold 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen storage is a key technology to deploy a sustainable hydrogen supply from producers to users. It can be massively stored underground in salt cavern through wells. Storage safety needs to be carefully managed especially by ensuring the gas sealability of hydrogen wells. Vallourec Research and Development department has investigated and evaluated a new qualification protocol for hydrogen storage to validate proprietary large integral premium connection for underground hydrogen storage.
A 9-5/8″ 47.00# L80 proprietary threaded and coupled connection has been used by EnergyStock in a 1290m depth underground hydrogen test borehole in the Netherlands from February 2022 to January 2023. Several pressure cycles were made at 100% hydrogen in this storage. The storage pressure was 200 bar. Based on these real operating conditions, in 2024 a new hydrogen test protocol has been applied on 16″ 109# 110ksi premium integral connection. Indeed, some hydrogen well architectures feature tubing diameters up to 16″ with potentially higher pressure, higher temperature and high number of shallow cycles.
The 9-5/8″ 47# L80 connection and the pipe were retrieved and inspected by Gasunie and Vallourec teams to check if any cracks or corrosion were visible. In order to cover a wider range of hydrogen storage applications, the protocol defined by Vallourec in 2021 has been improved and made more demanding. All tests are conducted with 5% H2/95% N2. A first sequence of 10,000 pressure cycles is performed at 475 bar with variations of +/- 25 bar to simulate daily loading and withdrawal operations. A second sequence to represent seasonal operations is conducted with pressure variations ranging from 30 to 500 bar and temperatures up to 180°C to cover a wide range of heating that may be encountered with the inverse Joule-Thomson effect. A third test sequence is conducted following Series B of API RP 5C5. Finally, a sequence of internal pressure testing is performed at 95% of the maximum pipe pressure. In addition, a 100% H2 pressure test is conducted on the connection to demonstrate its performance in pure hydrogen. A proposal is also made to submit the premium connection to external pressure with 5% H2/95% N2 to evaluate the impact of debrining operations on the connection.
No current standard is available to assess OCTG connection for underground storage applications. The test protocol developed demonstrated that the connection evaluation is necessary for such application. The evaluated connection successfully passed the hydrogen test protocol. A return of experience on the connection performance in a salt caver after exposure to 100% H2 high pressure is also provided.
Successful Water Shut-Off Utilizing Lower Completion ICD+SSD – Actual Case Study of Marginal Oil Field of Onshore UAE
Authors: Dani C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Marginal oil fields often experience critical and challenging periods to sustain oil rates above minimum economic thresholds. Mitigative measures such as installation of lower completions (LC) help to control water production (water shut-off) and sustain oil production. In SPE-211320-MS, clear definition of data driven based candidate screening process for LC was discussed in detail. This paper will elaborate actual examples on LC design, post LC installation evaluation and describe several key factors to be considered when designing the LC implementation. In addition, well performance-based metrics will be highlighted to showcase the success of water shut-off (WSO) utilizing the LC implementation.
It is critical to collect key data prior to preparing the LC design, which will ultimately impact the success of the LC implementation. Fresh production logging data and available open hole logs should be appropriately mapped and placed on the same page to analyze any information supporting the LC design. A collaborative review amongst petroleum engineers, Petro-physicists and other disciplines is necessary to understand and agree on the final data to be used for the design. Subsequently, the LC simulation designs should attempt to match the current well conditions and production. The simulations should involve testing sensitivities with different ICD+SSD settings and locations to obtain the best and most suitable results. A favorable outcome from this work should be to reduce water cut as much as possible from the original performance.
Post LC installation, well production performance will be reviewed to assess the effectiveness of the LC configuration to achieve the targeted water cut. If necessary, production logging will be run to confirm that all LC elements are functioning as per the design.
Before implementing the LC, four (4) wells were tested for installing ESP (Electric Submersible Pump) without LC. The results were unexpectedly negative, with WC increasing to 60-80% within two months. This trial will serve as a baseline for reviewing the success of LC implementation.
Up to date, LC has been deployed in 28 wells and the results were evaluated based on WC reduction, improved accessibility, and LC equipment functionality. The post-LC installation results were impressive and key findings were gathered to improve the LC design. Three (3) wells with successful water shut-off will be presented in this paper.
There have been many lessons learned and derived best practices of LC implementation from this study. This success of water shut-off could copied to other Field in similar reservoir condition. Moreover, guidelines, best practices and documentation have been developed for both internal future marginal field developments and could be leveraged for other oilfield operators to plan successful water shut-off attempt.
Executing Marginal Field Project with a DBO Design, Build, and Operate Strategy Onshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Saadawi H. , Al Rumaithi F. , Abdelhadi S. M. , Al Jabri T. A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Al Dhafra Petroleum Company recently commissioned a Custody Metering Project using a DBO (Design, Build and Operate) strategy. Project facilities, which were designed to handle 50,000 BOPD, include single stage 3-phase separator, oil booster pumps, a custody meter package to measure the partially stabilized crude oil. The project facilities also include associated piping and utilities.
This paper describes the experience of executing the project using a DBO concept. The tendering requirements and company role during the execution of the DBO contact are described. The paper also discusses the merits of DBO Contracting strategy in comparison to the traditional FEED / EPC approach for project execution. Lessons learnt, recommendations, contractual, technical and assurance challenges associated with DBO strategy are presented.
Hydrogen Blending In Western Australia Gas Network - Pilbara Pipeline System
Authors: Farah Tania , Emad Maryana , Haq Bashirul , Al Shehri Dhafer , Mahmoud Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen blending with natural gas (H2-NG blending) is a pragmatic solution to effectively mitigate and tackle the carbon footprint of natural gas consumption while providing an economical means of transporting large-scale H2. The study aims to evaluate the Pilbara Pipeline System for H2 transportation. It offers the effect of varying H2 concentrations within the gas mixture on the corrosion rates, erosional velocity ratio (EVR), and pressure performance at each 50 km interval along the pipeline.
The APA Group's Pilbara Pipeline System spans 216 kilometers, transporting gas from the Burrup Extension Pipeline to Port Hedland with a capacity of 166 TJ/d. Using an innovative approach, we developed a simulation model in PIPESIM-Net software that integrates a GIS map to capture precise terrain profiles, calculate pressure drops, and accurately replicate steady-state gaseous flow. It incorporates parameters like pipeline specifications, and elevation, and specifies nodes (sink/source) with appropriate boundary conditions (pressure or flow rate), including the gas composition. Model accuracy was verified against historical data, and a sensitivity analysis assessed network performance by varying H2 concentration.
The findings show that as the H2 concentration increases, the corrosion rate rises a little, with 80% H2 showing the highest corrosion rate, followed by a decrease in the H2 fraction every 10% and the reported corrosion rates (CRs) remain within the safe limits recommended by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), which are less than 0.4 mm/a. This increased pressure along the pipeline due to higher levels of H2. However, the erosional velocity ratio exhibits a contrasting trend, increasing H2 composition resulted in a slight decrease in EVR. In all scenarios, the observed EVR values at checkpoints along the pipeline route remained below the safe limit of 1, indicating no erosion risk. The corrosion rates and EVR are both noteworthy for being within the industry-acceptable range, confirming the system's overall safety and practicality for blending H2-NG.
This pioneering study comprehensively evaluates the impact of corrosion rate, EVR, and pressure profile on H2-NG blending in the Pilbara Pipeline System. Utilizing an innovative simulation model incorporating precise terrain profiles and elevation data, we provide novel insights into corrosion rates and EVR variations with H2 concentration. Our findings demonstrate the system's safety, and practicality, and address a significant research gap, illuminating corrosion, erosion, and pressure dynamics specific to this pipeline network.
A-to-I RNA editing of CYP18A1 mediates transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids
Authors: Zhu Bin , Wei Rui , Hua Wenjuan , Li Lu , Zhang Wenlin , Liang Pei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wing dimorphism is a common phenomenon that plays key roles in the environmental adaptation of aphid; however, the signal transduction in response to environmental cues and the regulation mechanism related to this event remain unknown. Adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing is a posttranscriptional modification that extends transcriptome variety without altering the genome, playing essential roles in numerous biological and physiological processes. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of the rose-grain aphid Metopolophium dirhodum by using PacBio long HiFi reads and Hi-C technology. The final genome assembly for M. dirhodum is 447.8 Mb, with 98.50% of the assembled sequences anchored to nine chromosomes. The contig and scaffold N50 values are 7.82 and 37.54 Mb, respectively. A total of 18,003 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 92.05% were functionally annotated. In addition, 11678 A-to-I RNA-editing sites were systematically identified based on this assembled M. dirhodum genome, and two synonymous A-to-I RNA editing sites on CYP18A1 were closely associated with transgenerational wing dimorphism induced by crowding. One of these A-to-I RNA editing sites may prevent the binding of miR-3036-5p to CYP18A1, thus elevating CYP18A1 expression, decreasing 20E titer, and finally regulating the wing dimorphism of offspring. Meanwhile, crowding can also inhibit miR-3036-5p expression and further increase CYP18A1 abundance, resulting in winged offspring. These findings support that A-to-I RNA editing is a dynamic mechanism in the regulation of transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids and would advance our understanding of the roles of RNA editing in environmental adaptability and phenotypic plasticity.
Environmental cues influence timing and location of construction activity in a beaver damming complex
Authors: Kennedy Jordan , McCreery Helen , Jones Audrey , Chen Candice , Fairfax Emily , Werfel Justin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Beavers are famous for building extensive damming complexes 1 , which can extend over kilometer-scale distances2 and persist for centuries3. Dams have major impacts on their surrounding environment, including effects on the hydrology, geomorphology, and ecosystems of the area4. Current understanding of how the environment in turn affects beavers’ building activity centers on the single auditory cue of running water, based primarily on captive studies14,15. Observational challenges have limited a more detailed picture of the full feedback loop between beavers and their environment. Here we describe the detailed progress of new construction by 20 beaver colonies in northwest Montana, through field studies using drones to obtain surveys with spatial and temporal resolution each three orders of magnitude finer than typically reported5–13. We show that both the timing and location of beaver construction activity are influenced by environmental factors. Initiation of trail clearing, a stage preceding dam building, was associated with a narrow range of stream flow rates. Beavers preferentially built in locations associated with preexisting canals. These results emphasize the importance of non-dam elements in the beavers' construction and its coordination across the colony, and point to environmental feedback processes that may span across years and unrelated colonies.
Placenta location, a prognostic determinant for the incidence of preeclampsia
Authors: Alikhani Fariba , Aalinezhad Marzieh , Bahrami Mahshid , Geravandi Mahsa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the complications of pregnancy with uncertain etiology. Nevertheless, it is believed that the condition may arise due to abnormal trophoblastic invasion, resulting in vascular remodeling and increased resistance in the spiral arteries. It is assumed that the location of the placenta might have contributed to the formation of trophoblastic invasion and further placental supply. The current study aims to investigate the association of placental location with the incidence of preeclampsia
Methods: The current case-control study was conducted on 206 primigravid pregnant patients undergone routine screening ultrasonography study between 14 and 26 gestational weeks to determine the location of the placenta (anterior, posterior, or lateral). The patients were categorized as cases that met the criteria of high-risk for preeclampsia (n=106) or the controls (n=100).
Results: Logistic regression assessment revealed that increased age (OR: 1.047, 95%CI: 0.89-1.12; P-value=0.033), BMI> 25 kg/m2 (OR: 4.61, 95%CI: 1.02- 10.02; P-value=0.038), and anterior (OR: 2.79, 95%CI: 1.08-9.43; P-value=0.038) and posterior (OR: 1.056, 95%CI: 0.89-1.12; P-value=0.033) location of placenta were the predicting factors for the incidence of preeclampsia.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, anterior and posterior location of the placenta, increased age and BMI above 25 kg/m2 were the predicting factors for preeclampsia development. Given that, it is recommended to closely monitor the individuals with anteriorly located placenta aiming at early diagnosis of persistent hypertension and applying approaches to minimize the adverse effects of preeclampsia.