bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinnipeds, people and photo identification: the implications of grey seal movements for effective management of the species
Authors: Sayer Sue , Allen Rebecca , Hawkes Lucy A. , Hockley Kate , Jarvis Dan , Witt Matthew J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGrey seals (Halichoerus grypus) of the North-east Atlantic are protected at designated European Marine Sites (Special Areas of Conservation, SACs) typically during their reproductive periods and in the UK at Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). As a mobile marine species, grey seals spend other parts of their annual life cycle in non-designated habitat. There is limited information on individual grey seal movements in south-west England. Citizen science photo identification (PID) revealed the movements of 477 grey seals at a regional scale (54 haul-outs up to 230 km apart) for over a decade. Reconstructed movements showed considerable individual variability. Four SACs were linked to up to 18 non-designated sites and two SSSIs in Cornwall were linked to a maximum of 41 non-designated sites. Observations support the value of existing SSSIs at both the well-connected West and North Cornwall sites. Thirteen Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) were visited by grey seals from four SACs and two SSSIs in Cornwall. As a mobile species, grey seals could be included in English MPA management plans. The application of functional linkage from SACs and SSSIs, informed by the movements evidenced in this research, could aid management efforts. This analysis reveals grey seal movements occur across a complex network of interconnected designated and non-designated sites that need to be managed holistically for this species for which the UK has a special responsibility.
Counter-revolution as international phenomenon: the case of Egypt
Authors: Allinson Jamie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article argues that the case of the Egyptian 2011 revolution forces us to rethink accounts of counter-revolution in International Relations. The debate over whether the events of 2011–13 in Egypt should be considered a ‘revolution’ or merely a ‘revolt’ or ‘uprising’ reflects an understanding of revolutions as closed and discrete events, and therefore of international counter-revolution as significant only after revolutionary movements have seized sovereign power. Against this account, which maintains the idea of sovereignty as the boundary between domestic/social and international/ geopolitical phenomena, I argue that counter-revolutions can operate across boundaries during revolutionary situations before and to prevent revolutionary transformation and therefore affect whether a revolutionary sovereign power is established at all. Such counter-revolutions draw upon both the ideological inheritance of historical strategies of international ‘catch-up’, and the cross-border class relations that these different strategies bring into being. In the Egyptian case, the counter-revolution thus relied upon two factors deriving from this strategy: the ideological inheritance of Nasserism as a response to international hierarchy, and the integration of the post-Nasser Egyptian ruling elite with Gulf financial, and US security, networks.
Bottom-up change in frozen conflicts: Transnational struggles and mechanisms of recognition in Western Sahara
Authors: Fernández-Molina Irene 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a typology of causal mechanisms whereby transnational relations of recognition constitute conflict actors in frozen conflicts. While the agency of an emerging conflict actor manifests itself in ‘struggles for recognition’ motivated by experiences of ‘disrespect’, responses from different significant others vary in terms of motivations and pathways (mechanisms of recognition). Adapting Honneth’s tripartite division, the typology distinguishes between four forms of recognition: thin cognitive recognition, ‘respect’/rights, ‘esteem’/difference, and ‘love’/empathy. Three transnational corrections are made in order to include transnational relations of recognition, non-state actors, and unstructured social-relational forms of international/transnational recognition. The typology is applied to the conflict of Western Sahara, which has been reshaped by the rise of internal Sahrawi pro-independence groups (based inside the territory annexed by Morocco) as an increasingly relevant conflict actor, with their identity shifting from victims to human rights activists to activists involved in an unsolved conflict. This identity and social-status formation has been the product of transnational recognition from three significant others: the annexing state (Morocco), the contested state-in-exile (SADR), and the international community. The overall effect of intermingling recognition processes, including various instrumental initiatives deprived of mutuality, has been increased struggle and conflict complexity rather than ‘recognitional peace’.
Bayesian evaluation of three serological tests for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman A. K. M. A. , Smit S. , Devleesschauwer B. , Kostoulas P. , Abatih E. , Saegerman C. , Shamsuddin M. , Berkvens D. , Dhand N. K. , Ward M. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the performance of three serological tests – an immunoglobulin G indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), a Rose Bengal test and a slow agglutination test (SAT) – for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in Bangladesh. Cattle sera (n = 1360) sourced from Mymensingh district (MD) and a Government owned dairy farm (GF) were tested in parallel. We used a Bayesian latent class model that adjusted for the conditional dependence among the three tests and assumed constant diagnostic accuracy of the three tests in both populations. The sensitivity and specificity of the three tests varied from 84.6% to 93.7%, respectively. The true prevalences of bovine brucellosis in MD and the GF were 0.6% and 20.4%, respectively. Parallel interpretation of iELISA and SAT yielded the highest negative predictive values: 99.9% in MD and 99.6% in the GF; whereas serial interpretation of both iELISA and SAT produced the highest positive predictive value (PPV): 99.9% in the GF and also high PPV (98.9%) in MD. We recommend the use of both iELISA and SAT together and serial interpretation for culling and parallel interpretation for import decisions. Removal of brucellosis positive cattle will contribute to the control of brucellosis as a public health risk in Bangladesh.
Predominance of influenza B/Yamagata lineage viruses in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season
Authors: Korsun N. S. , Angelova S. G. , Trifonova I. T. , Georgieva I. L. , Tzotcheva I. S. , Mileva S. D. , Voleva S. E. , Kurchatova A. M. , Perenovska P. I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2017/2018 season. The detection and typing/subtyping of influenza viruses were performed using real-time RT-PCR. Results of antigenic characterisation, phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analyses of representative influenza strains are presented. The season was characterised by the predominance of B/Yamagata viruses, accounting for 77% of detected influenza viruses, followed by A(H1N1)pdm09 (17%), B/Victoria (3.7%) and A(H3N2) (2.4%). The sequenced B/Yamagata, B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses belonged to the genetic groups 3, 1A, 6B.1 and 3C.2a1, respectively. Amino acid analysis of B/Yamagata isolates revealed the presence of three changes in haemagglutinin (HA), eight changes in neuraminidase (NA) and a number of substitutions in internal proteins compared with the B/Phucket/3073/2013 vaccine virus. Despite the amino acid changes, B/Yamagata viruses remained antigenically related to the vaccine strain. B/Victoria isolates fell into a group of viruses with double deletion (Δ162–163) in HA1. Substitutions in HA and NA sequences of B/Victoria, A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses were also identified compared with the vaccine strains, including in antigenic sites. The results of this study confirm the genetic variability of circulating influenza viruses and the need for continual antigenic and molecular surveillance.
Occurrence of nutritional hypocalcaemic rickets-related dilated cardiomyopathy in a child with concomitant rickets and infantile-onset Pompe disease
Authors: Yeşilbaş Osman , Epçaçan Serdar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInfantile-onset Pompe disease is a lysosomal storage disorder characterised with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, respiratory insufficiency, and hypotonia. Dilated cardiomyopathy is an extremely rare and curable complication of nutritional hypocalcaemic rickets. A 3-month-old female infant was referred to our paediatric ICU with a 4-day history of fatigue, tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypoxia, and respiratory failure. According to the laboratory, radiology, and echocardiography findings, she was first diagnosed with nutritional hypocalcaemic rickets-related dilated cardiomyopathy, but vitamin D and elementary calcium supplementation unmasked the underlying infantile-onset Pompe disease. Nutritional hypocalcaemic rickets and infantile-onset Pompe disease must always be kept in mind among the causes of concomitant dilated cardiomyopathy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Seismic Evidence for Lateral Asthenospheric Flow Beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau Derived From S Receiver Functions
Authors: Xu Qiang , Pei Shunping , Yuan Xiaohui , Zhao Junmeng , Liu Hongbing , Tu Hongwei , Chen Shuze 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present detailed lithospheric images of the NE Tibetan Plateau by applying the depth migration technique to S receiver functions derived from 113 broadband stations. Our migrated images indicate that the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) lies at depths of 105–120 km beneath the Qilian terrane and reaches depths of 126–140 km below the Alxa and Ordos blocks. The most prominent variation in the LAB depth is the presence of LAB steps of no less than 20 km in the transition zone between the active NE Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding cratonic Alxa and Ordos blocks, which conflicts with the model of southward subduction of the Alxa and Ordos blocks. Furthermore, the marked LAB steps occur at 130 ± 10 km away from the southern surficial boundary faults between the NE Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding tectonic provinces, corresponding to the North Qilian fault and the Liupanshan fault, respectively. Therefore, we propose that these scenarios of LAB can be attributed to the delamination of fragmented mantle lithosphere in the transition zone between the NE Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding Alxa and Ordos blocks, triggered by lateral asthenospheric flow. In addition, our observations of a thin lithosphere with thickness of 107–115 km beneath the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and the west Qinlin orogen greatly facilitate the process of underlying lateral asthenospheric flow. The isostatic uplift of the plateau caused by the delamination of fragmented mantle lithosphere, together with increased horizontal compressive stress, may have led to the outward growth of the NE Tibetan Plateau.
Quantifying the Contribution of Microbursts to Global Electron Loss in the Radiation Belts
Authors: Greeley A. D. , Kanekal S. G. , Baker D. N. , Klecker B. , Schiller Q. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer to explore the relationship between microbursts and global flux decay of electrons from the outer Van Allen belt during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storms. We investigate the correlation between microbursts and global electron loss in each of the quasi‐trapped (drift loss cone), stably trapped, and untrapped electron (bounce loss cone) populations. For the quasi‐trapped electrons, we separately classify the storms as driven by coronal mass ejections or corotating interaction regions and explore their connection to microburst loss. We find that the decay lifetime of electron fluxes, that is, e‐folding times of macroscopic fluxes in the recovery phase is correlated with strong microburst activity. That is, when the microburst activity is high, global flux decay times are short, and vice versa, suggesting a cross‐scale coupling between microloss and macroloss phenomena. Furthermore, we find that the microburst to global loss coupling is predominant in the quasi‐trapped population of radiation belt electrons while having negligible influence on the untrapped and stably trapped populations. We find that microburst activity during storms driven by coronal mass ejections is coupled more strongly with global flux decay as compared with corotating interaction regions. In addition, we find that distance from the plasmapause is likely a better indicator of microburst location than L‐shell, with most microbursts occurring ~0.5–2.0 L from the model plasmapause location.
A New Regional Climate Model for POLAR‐CORDEX: Evaluation of a 30‐Year Hindcast with COSMO‐CLM2 Over Antarctica
Authors: Souverijns N. , Gossart A. , Demuzere M. , Lenaerts J. T. M. , Medley B. , Gorodetskaya I. V. , Vanden Broucke S. , van Lipzig N. P. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContinent‐wide climate information over the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is important to obtain accurate information of present climate and reduce uncertainties of the ice sheet mass balance response and resulting global sea level rise to future climate change. In this study, the COSMO‐CLM2 Regional Climate Model is applied over the AIS and adapted for the specific meteorological and climatological conditions of the region. A 30‐year hindcast was performed and evaluated against observational records consisting of long‐term ground‐based meteorological observations, automatic weather stations, radiosoundings, satellite records, stake measurements and ice cores. Reasonable agreement regarding the surface and upper‐air climate is achieved by the COSMO‐CLM2 model, comparable to the performance of other state‐of‐the‐art climate models over the AIS. Meteorological variability of the surface climate is adequately simulated, and biases in the radiation and surface mass balance are small. The presented model therefore contributes as a new member to the COordinated Regional Downscaling EXperiment project over the AIS (POLAR‐CORDEX) and the CORDEX‐CORE initiative.
Geologic Landforms and Chronostratigraphic History of Charon as Revealed by a Hemispheric Geologic Map
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Beyer Ross A. , Spencer John R. , Grundy William M. , White Oliver L. , Singer Kelsi N. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Dalle Ore Cristina M. , McKinnon William B. , Lisse Carey M. , Runyon Kirby , Beddingfield Chloe B. , Schenk Paul , Umurhan Orkan M. , Cruikshank Dale P. , Lauer Tod R. , Bray Veronica J. , Binzel Richard P. , Buie Marc W. , Buratti Bonnie J. , Cheng Andrew F. , Linscott Ivan R. , Reuter Dennis C. , Showalter Mark R. , Young Leslie A. , Olkin Catherine B. , Ennico Kimberly S. , Weaver Harold A. , Stern S. Alan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGeologic mapping has been used for over 200 years as a technique to synthesize a complicated surface into a more simplified product, identifying similar types of surface features, and placing them into a relative stratigraphy. Geomorphologic mapping has applied those principles to other terrestrial bodies throughout the solar system and has formed an important product set to understand these surfaces, plan future exploration, and conduct different scientific endeavors. We created a geomorphologic map of the New Horizons encounter hemisphere of Pluto's binary companion, Charon. Ten primary geomorphologic unit categories were identified, covering approximately 35% of Charon's surface, and we used lower resolution data to speculate about other regions of Charon. Over 1,000 linear features were mapped, nearly 90% of them are tectonic in nature, and we use these to provide evidence of Charon being active in its past. Additionally, we placed the mapped features into a chronostratigraphic sequence, and we present a possible surface history for the body. The northern terrain typified by large crustal blocks is the oldest, having fractured early in Charon's history, and potentially similar blocks were submerged in a cryoflow of which the now solid surface of Vulcan Planitia is the remnant today.
Exosomes from differentially activated macrophages influence dormancy or resurgence of breast cancer cells within bone marrow stroma
Authors: Walker Nykia D. , Elias Michael , Guiro Khadidiatou , Bhatia Ranvir , Greco Steven J. , Bryan Margarette , Gergues Marina , Sandiford Oleta A. , Ponzio Nicholas M. , Leibovich Samuel J. , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) cells (BCCs) can retain cellular quiescence for decades, a phenomenon referred to as dormancy. BCCs show preference for the bone marrow (BM) where they can remain dormant for decades. Targeting BCCs within the BM is a challenge since the dormant BCCs reside within BM stroma, also residence for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Dormant BCCs could behave as cancer stem cells (CSCs). The CSCs and HSCs are similar by function and also, by commonly expressed genes. The method by which dormant BCCs transition into clinically metastatic cells remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that macrophages (MΦs) within BM stroma, facilitates dormancy or reverse this state into metastatic cells. MΦs exhibiting an M2 phenotype constitute ~10% of cultured BM stroma. The M2 MΦs form gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with CSCs, resulting in cycling quiescence, reduced proliferation and carboplatin resistance. In contrast, MΦs expressing the M1 phenotype reversed BC dormancy. Activation of M2a MΦs via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) switched to M1 phenotype. The switch can occur by direct activation of M2a MΦs, or indirectly through activation of mesenchymal stem cells. M1 MΦ-derived exosomes activated NFкB to reverse quiescent BCCs to cycling cells. Using an in vivo model of BC dormancy, injected Mi MOs sensitized BCCs to carboplatin and increased host survival. In summary, we have shown how BM stromal MΦs, through exosomes, regulate the behavior of BCCs, by either inducing or reversing dormancy.
KDM4B is a coactivator of c-Jun and involved in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Wu Meng-Chen , Cheng Hsin-Hung , Yeh Ta-Sen , Li Yi-Chen , Chen Tsan-Jan , Sit Wei Yang , Chuu Chih-Pin , Kung Hsing-Jien , Chien Shu , Wang Wen-Ching 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKDM4/JMJD2 Jumonji C-containing histone lysine demethylases (KDM4A–D) constitute an important class of epigenetic modulators in the transcriptional activation of cellular processes and genome stability. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is overexpressed in gastric cancer, but the mechanisms and particularly the role of the epigenetic regulation of IL-8, are unclear. Here, we report that KDM4B, but not KDM4A/4C, upregulated IL-8 production in the absence or presence of Helicobacter pylori. Moreover, KDM4B physically interacts with c-Jun on IL-8, MMP1, and ITGAV promoters via its demethylation activity. The depletion of KDM4B leads to the decreased expression of integrin αV, which is exploited by H. pylori carrying the type IV secretion system, reducing IL-8 production and cell migration. Elevated KDM4B expression is significantly associated with the abundance of p-c-Jun in gastric cancer and is linked to a poor clinical outcome. Together, our results suggest that KDM4B is a key regulator of JNK/c-Jun-induced processes and is a valuable therapeutic target.
Engineering of high-precision base editors for site-specific single nucleotide replacement
Authors: Tan Junjie , Zhang Fei , Karcher Daniel , Bock Ralph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRNA-guided nucleases of the CRISPR/Cas type can be repurposed as programmable nucleotide deaminases to mediate targeted nucleotide substitutions. Such base editors have enormous potential in genome editing, gene therapy and precision breeding. However, current editors suffer from limited specificity in that they edit different and/or multiple bases within a larger sequence window. Using cytidine deaminase base editors that elicit C-to-T mutations, we show here that high editing precision can be achieved by engineering the connection between the deaminase domain and the Cas domain of the editor. By systematically testing different linker sequences and removing non-essential sequences from the deaminase, we obtain high-precision base editors with narrow activity windows that can selectively edit a single cytidine at a specific position with high accuracy and efficiency. These base editors will enable the use of genome editing in applications where single-nucleotide changes are required and off-target editing of adjacent nucleotides is not tolerable.
Investigation of F-BAR domain PACSIN proteins uncovers membrane tubulation function in cilia assembly and transport
Authors: Insinna Christine , Lu Quanlong , Teixeira Isabella , Harned Adam , Semler Elizabeth M. , Stauffer Jim , Magidson Valentin , Tiwari Ajit , Kenworthy Anne K. , Narayan Kedar , Westlake Christopher J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe intracellular ciliogenesis pathway requires membrane trafficking, fusion, and reorganization. Here, we demonstrate in human cells and zebrafish that the F-BAR domain containing proteins PACSIN1 and -2 play an essential role in ciliogenesis, similar to their binding partner and membrane reorganizer EHD1. In mature cilia, PACSINs and EHDs are dynamically localized to the ciliary pocket membrane (CPM) and transported away from this structure on membrane tubules along with proteins that exit the cilium. PACSINs function early in ciliogenesis at the ciliary vesicle (CV) stage to promote mother centriole to basal body transition. Remarkably, we show that PACSIN1 and EHD1 assemble membrane tubules from the developing intracellular cilium that attach to the plasma membrane, creating an extracellular membrane channel (EMC) to the outside of the cell.
N+-C-H···O Hydrogen bonds in protein-ligand complexes
Authors: Itoh Yukihiro , Nakashima Yusuke , Tsukamoto Shuichiro , Kurohara Takashi , Suzuki Miki , Sakae Yoshitake , Oda Masayuki , Okamoto Yuko , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the context of drug design, C-H···O hydrogen bonds have received little attention so far, mostly because they are considered weak relative to other noncovalent interactions such as O-H···O hydrogen bonds, π/π interactions, and van der Waals interactions. Herein, we demonstrate the significance of hydrogen bonds between C-H groups adjacent to an ammonium cation and an oxygen atom (N+-C-H···O hydrogen bonds) in protein-ligand complexes. Quantum chemical calculations revealed details on the strength and geometrical requirements of these N+-C-H···O hydrogen bonds, and a subsequent survey of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) based on these criteria suggested that numerous protein-ligand complexes contain such N+-C-H···O hydrogen bonds. An ensuing experimental investigation into the G9a-like protein (GLP)-inhibitor complex demonstrated that N+-C-H···O hydrogen bonds affect the activity of the inhibitors against the target enzyme. These results should provide the basis for the use of N+-C-H···O hydrogen bonds in drug discovery.