bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cell division factor ZapB is required for bile resistance inSalmonella enterica
Authors: Hernández Sara B. , Fernández-Fernández Rocío , Puerta-Fernández Elena , Urdaneta Verónica , Casadesús Josep 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTA gene annotated asyiiUin the genome ofSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium encodes a protein homologous toE. coliZapB, a non-essential cell division factor involved in Z-ring assembly. ZapB−null mutants ofS. entericaare bile-sensitive. The ZapB protein is degraded in the presence of sodium deoxycholate (DOC), and degradation appears to involve the Lon protease. The amount ofzapBmRNA increases in the presence of a sublethal concentration of DOC. This increase is not caused by upregulation ofzapBtranscription but by increased stability ofzapBmRNA. DOC-induced increase of thezapBtranscript is suppressed by anhfqmutation, suggesting the involvement of a small regulatory RNA. We provide evidence that such sRNA is MicA. Increased stability ofzapBmRNA in the presence of DOC may counter degradation of bile-damaged ZapB, thus providing sufficient level of functional ZapB protein to permit Z-ring assembly in the presence of bile.IMPORTANCEBile salts have bactericidal activity as a consequence of membrane disruption, protein denaturation and DNA damage. However, intestinal bacteria are resistant to bile. Envelope structures such as the lipopolysaccharide and the enterobacterial common antigen act as barriers that reduce intake of bile salts. Remodelling of the outer membrane and the peptidoglycan, activation of efflux pumps, and upregulation of stress responses also contribute to bile resistance. This study adds the cell division factor ZapB (and presumably the Z-ring) to the list of cellular functions involved in bile resistance.
Integration of brief light flashes varying in intensity and duration by the human circadian system
Authors: Joyce Daniel S. , Spitschan Manuel , Zeitzer Jamie M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are characterised by a delayed off-time following light offset. Here, we exploited this unusual physiologic property to characterise the exquisite sensitivity of the human circadian system to flashed light. In a 34-hour in-laboratory between-subjects design, we examined variable-intensity (3-9500 photopic lux; n=28 participants) full-field flashes at fixed duration (2 ms), and variable-duration (10μs-10 s) full-field flashes at fixed intensity (2000 photopic lux; n=31 participants) delivered using eye masks. We measured the circadian phase shift of the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) on the subsequent evening, acute melatonin suppression, objective alertness, and subjective sleepiness during the flash sequence. We find a clear dose-response relationship between flash intensity and the induced circadian phase shift, with an approximate increase of 10 minutes of phase delay for each ten-fold increase in photopic illuminance, but no parametric relationship between flash duration and induced circadian phase shift.
Conditional KCa3.1-Transgene Induction in Murine Skin Produces Pruritic Eczematous Dermatitis With Severe Epidermal Hyperplasia and Hyperkeratosis
Authors: Lozano-Gerona Javier , Oliván-Viguera Aida , Delgado-Wicke Pablo , Singh Vikrant , Brown Brandon M. , Tapia-Casellas Elena , Pueyo Esther , Sofía Valero Marta , Garcia-Otín Ángel-Luis , Giraldo Pilar , Abarca-Lachen Edgar , Surra Joaquín C. , Osada Jesús , Hamilton Kirk L. , Raychaudhuri Siba P. , Marigil Miguel , Juarranz Ángeles , Wulff Heike , Miura Hiroto , Gilaberte Yolanda , Köhler Ralf 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIon channels have recently attracted attention as potential mediators of skin disease. Here, we explored the consequences of genetically encoded induction of the cell volume-regulating Ca2+-activated KCa3.1 channel (Kcnn4) for murine epidermal homeostasis. Doxycycline-treated mice harboring the KCa3.1+-transgene under the control of the reverse tetracycline-sensitive transactivator (rtTA) showed 800-fold channel overexpression above basal levels in the skin and solid KCa3.1-currents in keratinocytes. This overexpression resulted in epidermal spongiosis, progressive epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, itch and ulcers. The condition was accompanied by production of the pro-proliferative and pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-β1 (60-fold), IL-23 (34-fold), IL-6 (33-fold), and TNFα (26-fold) in the skin. Treatment of mice with the KCa3.1-selective blocker, Senicapoc, significantly suppressed spongiosis and hyperplasia, as well as induction of IL-β1 (−88%), IL-23 (−77%), and IL-6 (−90%). In conclusion, KCa3.1-induction in the epidermis caused expression of pro-proliferative cytokines leading to spongiosis, hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis. This skin condition resembles pathological features of eczematous dermatitis and identifies KCa3.1 as a regulator of epidermal homeostasis and spongiosis, and as a potential therapeutic target.
Integrating science and citizen science: the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) sustainable fishery of Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Begossi Alpina , Salivonchyk Svetlana V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe followed landings of dusky grouper,Epinephelus marginatus, from 2013 to 2019. We observed 1,896 individuals of dusky grouper,Epinephelus marginatus, in Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro, from September 2013 to February 2019. The total weight of the catches was 6,065.57 kg, with an average of 1,442.50 kg/year and a std of 147.30 kg.We integrated fishers in our study through citizen science (CS): individuals were trained to monitor grouper gonads and supplied information on fishing spots and prices. After comparing catch curves (based on weight) and curve prices (in the Brazilian monetary currency of reals), our results showed that catches in the Copacabana fishery have been stable (the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference for either the weight of the catches or the average prices of dusky groupers in the years compared). Copacabana has been a sustainable fishery when considering its catches of dusky grouper. This is a very important result for conservation and management, considering the importance of small-scale fisheries in terms of their low fishing efforts and their possible effects on vulnerable species, as well as their ecological and economic importance in developing countries. Citizen science, alomng with local ecological knowledge, helps integrate research and fisheries as well as researchers and fishers and allows for larger sampling efforts and management training for fishers.
Genes encoding recognition of theCladosporium fulvumeffector protein Ecp5 are encoded at several loci in the tomato genome
Authors: Iakovidis Michail , Soumpourou Eleni , Anderson Elisabeth , Etherington Graham , Yourstone Scott , Thomas Colwyn 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe molecular interactions between tomato andCladosporium fulvumhave been an important model for molecular plant pathology. Complex genetic loci on tomato chromosomes 1 and 6 harbor genes for resistance toCladosporium fulvum, encoding receptor like-proteins that perceive distinctCladosporium fulvumeffectors and trigger plant defenses. Here, we report classical mapping strategies for loci in tomato accessions that respond toCladosporium fulvumeffector Ecp5, which is very sequence-monomorphic. We screened 139 wild tomato accessions for an Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response, and in five accessions, the Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response segregated as a monogenic trait, mapping to distinct loci in the tomato genome. We identified at least three loci on chromosomes 1, 7 and 12 that harbor distinctCf-Ecp5genes in four different accessions. Our mapping showed that theCf-Ecp5inSolanum pimpinellifoliumG1.1161 is located at theMilky Waylocus. TheCf-Ecp5inSolanum pimpinellifoliumLA0722 was mapped to the bottom arm of chromosome 7, while theCf-Ecp5genes inSolanum lycopersicumOntario 7522 andSolanum pimpinellifoliumLA2852 were mapped to the same locus on the top arm of chromosome 12. Bi-parental crosses between accessions carrying distinct Cf-Ecp5 genes revealed putative genetically unlinked suppressors of the Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response. Our mapping also showed thatCf-11is located on chromosome 11, close to theCf-3locus. The Ecp5-induced hypersensitive response is widely distributed within tomato species and is variable in strength. This novel example of convergent evolution could be used for choosing different functionalCf-Ecp5genes according to individual plant breeding needs.
Thirty five novel nsSNPs may effect onADAMTS13protein leading to Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) using bioinformatics approach
Authors: Abdelhameed Tebyan A. , Ahmed Arwa I. , Mustafa Mujahed I. , Eltayeb Amel N. , Abdelrhman Fatima A. , Ahmed Amal B. , Ahmed Najla B. , Khadir Hiba Y. , Hassan Adla M. , Mohamed Huda K. , Osman Soada A. , Elhag Mustafa , Hassan Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenetic polymorphisms in theADAMTS13gene are associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or TTP, a life-threatening microangiopathic disorder. This study aims to predict the possible pathogenic SNPs of this gene and their impact on the protein structure and function using insilico methods.MethodsSNPs retrieved from the NCBI database were analyzed using several bioinformatics tools. The different algorithms applied collectively to predictthe effect of single nucleotide substitution on both structure and function of theADAMTS13protein.ResultsFifty one mutations were found to be highly damaging to the structure and function of the protein. Of those, thirty five were novel nsSNPs not previously reported in the literature.ConclusionAccording to our analysis we found thirty five nsSNPs effects onADAMTS13protein leading to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura using computational approach. Bioinformatics tools are vital in prediction analysis, making use of increasingly voluminous biomedical data thereby providing markers for screening or for genetic mapping studies.
It takes two (Las1 HEPN Endoribonuclease Motifs) to cut the RNA right
Authors: Pillon Monica C. , Goslen Kevin H. , Williams Jason G. , Stanley Robin E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLas1 is an essential endoribonuclease that is well-conserved across eukaryotes and a newly established member of the HEPN (higher eukaryotes and prokaryotes nucleotide-binding) nuclease family. HEPN nucleases participate in diverse RNA cleavage pathways and share a short HEPN nuclease motif important for RNA cleavage. While most HEPN nucleases participate in stress activated RNA cleavage pathways, Las1 plays a fundamental role in processing the pre-ribosomal RNA. Underscoring the significance of Las1 function, mutations to the LAS1L gene have been associated with neurological dysfunction. Two juxtaposed Las1 HEPN nuclease motifs create its composite nuclease active site, however the roles of the individual HEPN residues are poorly defined. Here we show through a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies that both Las1 HEPN nuclease motifs are required for nuclease activity and fidelity. Through in-depth sequence analysis and systematic mutagenesis, we define the consensus Las1 HEPN nuclease motif and uncover its canonical and specialized elements. Using reconstituted Las1 HEPN-HEPN’chimeras, we define the molecular requirements for RNA cleavage. Intriguingly, both copies of the Las1 HEPN motif are necessary for nuclease specificity revealing that both HEPN motifs participate in coordinating the RNA within the active site. Taken together, our work reveals critical information about HEPN nuclease function and establishes that HEPN nucleases can be re-wired to cleave alternative RNA substrates.
Interdependency of respiratory metabolism and phenazine-associated physiology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14
Authors: Jo Jeanyoung , Price-Whelan Alexa , Cornell William Cole , Dietrich Lars E.P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTExtracellular electron transfer (EET), the reduction of compounds that shuttle electrons to distal oxidants, can support bacterial survival when preferred oxidants are not directly accessible. EET has been shown to contribute to virulence in some pathogenic organisms and is required for current generation in mediator-based fuel cells. In several species, components of the electron transport chain (ETC) have been implicated in electron shuttle reduction, raising the question of how shuttling-based metabolism is integrated with primary routes of metabolic electron flow. The clinically relevant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize carbon sources (i.e., electron donors) covering a broad range of reducing potentials and possesses a branched ETC that can be modulated to optimize respiratory efficiency. It also produces electron shuttles called phenazines that facilitate intracellular redox balancing, increasing the complexity of its metabolic potential. In this study, we investigated the reciprocal influence of respiratory metabolism and phenazine-associated physiology in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. We found that phenazine production affects respiratory activity and terminal oxidase gene expression, and that carbon source identity influences the mechanisms enabling phenazine reduction. Furthermore, we found that growth in biofilms, a condition for which phenazine metabolism is critical to normal development and redox balancing, dramatically affects the composition of the P. aeruginosa phenazine pool. Together, these findings can aid interpretation of P. aeruginosa behavior during host infection and provide inroads to understanding the crosstalk between primary metabolism and shuttling-based physiology in the diverse bacteria that carry out EET.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections and long-term lung infections in people with cystic fibrosis. It can use diverse organic compounds as electron donors and possesses multiple enzymes that can transfer electrons from central metabolism to O2. These pathways support a balanced intracellular redox state and the production of cellular energy. Under hypoxic conditions, P. aeruginosa can reduce phenazines, secondary metabolites that also promote redox homeostasis and that contribute to virulence. We asked how these primary and secondary routes of electron flow influence each other. We found that phenazines affect respiratory function, that the roles of respiratory enzymes in phenazine reduction are highly condition-dependent, and that the complement of phenazines produced is strongly affected by growth in assemblages called biofilms. These results provide a more nuanced understanding of P. aeruginosa redox metabolism and may inform strategies for treating persistent infections caused by this bacterium.
DAF-16 and SMK-1 contribute to innate immunity during adulthood inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: McHugh Daniel R. , Koumis Elena , Schlaubitz-Garcia Michelle , Bennani Safae , Regan Paul , Patel Prem , Youngman Matthew J. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTAging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function termed “immunosenescence”. Deficient surveillance coupled with the impaired function of immune cells compromises host defense in older animals. The dynamic activity of regulatory modules that control immunity appears to underlie age-dependent modifications to the immune system. In the roundwormCaenorhabditis eleganslevels of the PMK-1 p38 MAP kinase diminish over time, reducing the expression of immune effectors that clear bacterial pathogens. Along with the PMK-1 pathway, innate immunity inC. elegansis regulated by the insulin signaling pathway. Here we asked whether DAF-16, a Forkhead box (FOXO) transcription factor whose activity is inhibited by insulin signaling, plays a role in host defense later in life. While in younger worms DAF-16 remains in an inactive state unless stimulated by environmental insults, we found that even in the absence of acute stress the transcriptional activity of DAF-16 increases in an age-dependent manner. Beginning in the reproductive phase of adulthood, DAF-16 upregulates a subset of its transcriptional targets, including genes required to kill ingested microbes. Accordingly, DAF-16 has little to no role in larval immunity, but functions specifically during adulthood to confer resistance to bacterial pathogens. We found that DAF-16-mediated immunity in adults requires SMK-1, a regulatory subunit of the PP4 protein phosphatase complex. Our data suggest that as the function of one branch of the innate immune system ofC. elegans(PMK-1) declines over time, DAF-16-mediated immunity ramps up to become the predominant means of protecting adults from infection, thus reconfiguring immunity later in life.
Learning English language in primary school
Authors: Shilova Lyudmila , Masterskikh Svetlana , Mensh Elena , Zemlyanova Maria 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the level of intrinsic motivation of primary-school-age children alongside the factors that influence these levels when learning English.Design/methodology/approachThis goal was reached through a study that was conducted in four educational establishments of Tyumen. The study benefits from qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative part consists of an experiment in a group setting. Two groups of students were learning under two different programmes and the teachers were making records of student outcomes, interest in learning and motivation. The findings demonstrate that the level of motivation/interest is higher when interactive techniques (appropriate for the age of students) are in use. The quantitative part involved a survey to identify intrinsic motivations by completing which the students revealed high and medium levels of motivation/interest to learn.FindingsThe findings can be used when updating or re-designing education programmes and when creating new methods for teaching English in Russian educational establishments.Originality/valueGiving the schoolchildren a motivation to learn is, without any exaggeration, one of the central problems in modern school. Teaching English as a foreign language to students of younger age (schoolchildren) requires a special approach due to special psychological and mental characteristics that these students have. The scholars have established that learning of foreign languages happens best at a very young age. However, without proper methods of teaching, teachers will not be able to reach the learning objectives, which they were attempting to reach. The reason for this effect is simple. The way the subject is taught is expected to spark interest but with the lack of interest in the subject, students will not feel sufficiently motivated to actually learn something. Hence, motivation is essential for learning any foreign language. In the home setting, motivation to learn, as well as a positive learning environment, is the responsibility of parents.
Information technology adoption and implementation in higher education
Authors: Tarhini Abbas , Tarhini Jihan , Tarhini Anwar 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Research has shown that information technology has a tremendous effect on higher educational (HE) institutions. The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework that would depict and highlight on the financial, cultural, political and social difficulties that affect the adoption of technology in HE institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, it is hypothesized that cultural, political and financial resources of the university administrative body, together with the employees’ background in terms of academic experience and education, shape the approach to a successful IT adoption. To investigate the proposed framework, a survey targeting employees, and an interview targeting IT managers were conducted.

Findings
The results indicate that the university structural framework together with IT knowledge and awareness at the university administrative level restrains any individual cultural and political effects on the IT adoption even if it is implemented partially.

Research limitations/implications
First, the respondents were selected using the convenience sampling technique. Second, the data were collected through self-report questionnaires.

Practical implications
The results of this study are important for university administrators, technology suppliers and donors, as this may contribute to better understanding of the factors that could influence the adoption, management and use of ICT resources for enhancing the knowledge of the university capabilities.

Originality/value
This study is the first one to address the integration of IT in HE institutions in the region; the results have implications for IT adoption in such institutions. More importantly, the study suggests a framework that reveals multiple levels of influence that impact the adoption and implementation of IT in the institutions.
The benefits of mentoring newly qualified teachers in Malta
Authors: Attard Tonna Michelle 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Newly qualified teachers (NQTs) seek advice from more experienced colleagues and are considered as learning through participation, including observing other teachers and receiving feedback. In many education systems around the world, induction programmes are developed to support these new teachers in needs ranging from pedagogical to the practical. The induction programme in Malta has been in place since 2010 and offers support to NQTs through their mentor, a member of the school management team, and their college principal. The purpose of this paper is to examine the benefits of mentoring as experienced by a group of NQTs and their mentors in select Maltese schools.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a grounded theory approach (Glaser and Strauss, 1967; Strauss and Corbin, 1994), the reflections and online conversations with 15 mentors from 10 schools, who were given the role of supporting an NQT in their school for one scholastic year, informed this study. This approach was used because grounded theory seeks to derive its explanations from the data of the phenomenon itself and encourages systematic, detailed analysis of the data. Codes were developed from the transcripts, which were then compared against the research questions, using an inductive approach. Themes emerged, helping the researcher to construct meaning.

Findings
The data strongly suggest that a mentoring approach based on reflection and dialogue promoted positive relationships between the mentors and the mentees and led to professional growth. Moreover, the school and social environment played a crucial role in the way the participants interacted and defined their challenges. It is thus recognised that the NQT induction programme needs to be adequately understood and acknowledged by schools and the education authorities in order for it to reach its aims of supporting beginning teachers. Physical spaces and opportunities for collaboration can enhance what the mentors are trying to achieve.

Originality/value
This research is the first of its kind in Malta as it explores the perceptions and experiences of mentors who are actively participating in the induction programme for NQTs.
The potential of web components for libraries
Authors: Wusteman Judith 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential of web components for libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper introduces a working example web component that reimplements an OCLC WorldCat search widget.

Findings
By exploring the case study, the paper explains the functioning of web components and the potential advantages of web components for library web development.

Originality/value
Increasingly, web components are being used within library web development, but there is scope for much greater use of this technology to the advantage of those libraries involved.