bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Public Violent Crime Using Register and OpenStreetMap Data: A Risk Terrain Modeling Approach Across Three Cities of Varying Size
Authors: Kronkvist Karl , Borg Anton , Boldt Martin , Gerell Manne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to estimate whether spatial data on place features from OpenStreetMap (OSM) produce results similar to those when employing register data to predict future violent crime in public across three Swedish cities of varying sizes. Using violent crime in public as an outcome, four models for each city are produced using a Risk Terrain Modeling approach. One using spatial data on place features from register data and one from OSM, one model with prior violent crime excluded and one with prior crime included. The results show that several place features are significantly associated with violent crime in public independent of using register or OSM data as input. While models using register data seem to produce more accurate and efficient predictions than OSM data for the two smaller cities, the difference for the largest city is negligible indicating that the models provide similar results. As such, OSM place feature data may be of value when predicting the spatial distribution of future violent crime in public and provide results similar to those when using register data, at least when employed in larger compared to smaller cities. Possibilities, limitations, and avenues for future research when using OSM data in place-based criminological research are discussed.
Classrooms or Crackdowns? How Violence Affects Security Policy Preferences in Mexico
Authors: Berens Sarah , López García Ana Isabel , Maydom Barry 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPenal policies have been the primary strategy of Latin American governments to combat crime, but preventative social policies such as youth education programmes may be more effective solutions. Penal and social policies are often treated as a trade-off by governments, who expect citizens—especially victims of violence—to be more supportive of punitive solutions. Using an original online survey experiment conducted in 2021 in Mexico, we challenge the idea of a trade-off between penal and social policies by studying how different policy solutions along the penal-welfare policy continuum affect victims’ support for increased state security presence. We unpack differences between victims of criminal perpetrators and state violence and those who are fearful of crime. Our vignette experiment reveals—in contrast to previous results—that crime victims are more supportive of state security presence when coupled with pre-emptive measures. Surprisingly, the same holds for victims of state violence and for those fearful of crime, including those residing in neighbourhoods with watch groups. Victimisation, by either crime or the state, raises demand for policies to increase employment and improve education.
Was Palaeolake Messel a death-trap? Insight from modern bat drownings and decay experiments
Authors: Smith Krister T. , Rabenstein Renate , O’Keefe Joy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Messel Pit is an ancient maar lake that preserves an ecosystem from the last greenhouse phase of Earth’s climate with exceptional fidelity. There are two main competing hypotheses to explain the occurrence of animal fossils at Messel: asphyxiation in layers of heavy, toxic gases like carbon dioxide, and death following ingestion of surface water contaminated by cyanobacterial toxins. Both hypotheses imply mortality much higher than the null hypothesis of accidental death, for instance by drowning. We tested these hypotheses amongst bats by recourse to a unique survey on bats that drowned in modern swimming pools. We further conducted experiments on the fate of fresh bat carcasses that simulate drowning. Finally, we estimated the annual rate of bat fossil production at Messel. Overall, there are few good surveyed predictors of whether bats drown in swimming pools: most physical parameters like pool size or the height and distance of obstructions were not associated with mortality, although pool liner type would be a good candidate parameter for future study. In our experiments, carcasses with water-filled lungs tend to sink more quickly than those with air-filled lungs; all carcasses that initially sink “bloat and float” at shallow depths, but all floaters eventually disarticulate and sink within days to weeks. Our estimates of annual bat mortality at Palaeolake Messel are of the same order of magnitude as mortality in swimming pools. Mass mortality horizons for vertebrates are very rare at Messel. In sum, our quantitative analyses provide no evidence that bat mortality at Messel rises above background levels.
Professional Ethics, Loyalties and Interpretative Space
Authors: Kvamme Ole Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a study of Iranian English teachers’ reflections on moral dilemmas, a central finding is conflicting loyalties between professional integrity and various forms of pressure from school leaders and parents. In this commentary I reflect on experiences from a Norwegian context. Here similar dilemmas are discussed within professional ethics, a field that respond to the responsibility and trust the teachers receive from society to employ their professional judgment in complex situations involving uncertainty. Referring to two publicly known cases that both accentuate the significance of loyalty, I exemplify how professional ethics is put under pressure, and reflect on how these cases make distinct what professional ethics is about. The commentary highlights the importance of providing an interpretative space for teachers carrying out a complex institutional practice, and the need to situate ethical dilemmas in the larger societal context school and education is a part of.
Sustainability power to the people: BREEAM Communities certification and public participation in England
Authors: Chantry William , Turcu Catalina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncorporating public participation into planning and construction practice is challenging, however, it is seen as a pre-requisite for the successful implementation of sustainable urban development. Sustainability certification schemes such as BREEAM have been instrumental in guiding practitioners and developers to plan, design and build to high sustainability standards, yet the evidence for how these standards draw on and are framed by public participation inputs and processes is scarce. This paper unpacks such evidence concerning the application of BREEAM Communities in England, by examining data from 12 certified developments, selected out of 28 such developments, which is then analysed through Chantry’s heuristic of seven political spaces of citizen engagement. Overall, the study finds uneven levels of public engagement across the various political spaces of engagement. Requirements for public participation are stringent at the later ‘proposal’ and ‘implementation’ stages, with the potential to facilitate high-quality engagement. However, such requirements are vague or poor at the earlier ‘information provision’ and ‘deliberation’ stages, where the public should be provided with tools to generate realistic and informed proposals. The paper reflects on implications for BREAM Communities processes and guidance and further extends Chantry’s heuristic by adding two new political spaces, ‘attitudes to participation’ and ‘timing of engagement’. This enhanced heuristic builds a more complete picture of the key politicised stages of the participation process during BREEAM Communities certification, and contributes to current theoretical and empirical debates on gauging the effectiveness of public participation in sustainable urban development not just in an English context but internationally.
A comprehensive review of building lifecycle carbon emissions and reduction approaches
Authors: Wang Guohao , Luo Tengqi , Luo Haizhi , Liu Ran , Liu Yanhua , Liu Zhengguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive review of building lifecycle carbon emissions (CEBL) and reduction approaches, analyzing over 300 recent publications and engaging in in-depth discussion of more than 100 key studies. The review systematically examines CO2 emissions across all stages of a building's lifecycle, from material production and transportation to construction, operation, demolition, and material recycling. While existing research highlights the significance of operational energy efficiency, this review reveals critical research gaps in quantifying transportation emissions, accounting for on-site equipment emissions during construction, and addressing the unique characteristics of non-residential buildings. Furthermore, the paper underscores the urgent need for improved construction waste management practices, especially in developing countries where landfilling remains prevalent. For the building carbon reduction approaches, promising building carbon emission reduction approaches include leveraging carbon dioxide sinks, implementing integrated energy systems, integrating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), and enacting effective policy interventions are separately discussed. By revealing data and theoretical limitations within current research, this review calls for more integrated and context-specific approaches to CEBL assessment, paving the way for a more sustainable built environment.
Honouring Daniel Kahneman
Authors: Oliver Adam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In March 2024, Daniel Kahneman – the man who did perhaps more than anyone else to shape the field of behavioural public policy – died. He is among a small handful of scholars who have had a huge effect on my own career, and in this essay – the first in a series of essays in a special section of the Journal that honour him – I reflect on how his work inspired much of my own.
Why Kahneman matters
Authors: Rizzo Mario J. , Whitman Glen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Daniel Kahneman's legacy is best understood in light of developments in economic theory in the early-mid-20th century, when economists were eager to put utility functions on a firm mathematical foundation. The axiomatic system that provided this foundation was not originally intended to be normative in a prescriptive sense but later came to be seen that way. Kahneman took the axioms seriously, tested them for descriptive accuracy, and found them wanting. He did not view the axioms as necessarily prescriptive. Nevertheless, in the research program he conceived, factual discoveries about real decision-making were stated as deviations from the axioms and thus deemed ‘errors’. This was an unfortunate turn that needs to be corrected for the psychological enrichment of economics to proceed in a productive direction.
Happiness fast and slow?
Authors: Frijters Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While in his early years, Kahneman followed the world of classic utilitarianism in which smart individuals base decisions on how they will truly feel each moment in the future, Kahneman in Mandel (2018) adopted a very different position, namely that what matters is the story people tell of their lives. He thus grappled with evolving stories of both the future and the past, and the presence of different decision-supporting evaluations for the short-run and the long-run.
Shoves, nudges and combating misinformation: evidence on a new approach
Authors: Porter Ethan , Wood Thomas J. , Broniatowski David A. , Hosseini Pedram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To what extent can the harms of misinformation be mitigated by relying on nudges? Prior research has demonstrated that non-intrusive ‘accuracy nudges’ can reduce the sharing of misinformation. We investigate an alternative approach. Rather than subtly reminding people about accuracy, our intervention, indebted to research on the bystander effect, explicitly appeals to individuals' capacity to help solve the misinformation challenge. Our results are mixed. On the one hand, our intervention reduces the willingness to share and believe in misinformation fact-checked as false. On the other hand, it also reduces participants' willingness to share information that has been fact-checked as true and innocuous, as well as non-fact-checked information. Experiment 1 offers proof of concept; Experiment 2 tests our intervention with a more realistic mix of true and false social media posts; Experiment 3 tests our interventions alongside an accuracy nudge. The effectiveness of our intervention at reducing willingness to share misinformation remains consistent across experiments; meta-analysis reveals that our treatment reduced willingness to share false content across experiments by 20% of a scale point on a six-point scale. We do not observe the accuracy nudge reducing willingness to share false content. Taken together, these results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of accuracy nudges and our more confrontational approach.
Increased Prevalence of Bell’s Palsy in First Nations Populations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Manitoba
Authors: Jackson Alan C. , McLeod Lorraine , Prior Heather J. , Sirski Monica , Sellers Elizabeth , Ruth Chelsea 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT:Bell’s palsy is acute facial palsy due to inflammation involving the facial nerve related to infections. Rates have not been noted to differ by ethnicity. We studied the lifetime prevalence in First Nations and all other Manitobans in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 7 and older in 2013–2014 and 2016–2017. We found a crude lifetime prevalence of 9.9% [95% CI 9.4–10.4%] in the First Nations population versus 3.9% [95% CI 3.8–4.0%] in all other Manitobans. It is unknown if there were differences in glycemic control. The increased prevalence was found in all five provincial health regions. This study indicates that ethnicity may be an important risk factor for Bell’s palsy.
Phenomenological Analysis of Factors that Affect the Increase in the Willingness to Reengage Volunteer Rescuers and Saviors of the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Kazemi Sadegh , Kolivand Pirhossein , Saberian Peyman , Shamspour Navvab , Ardakani Mojtaba Fattahi , Abdolahzadeh Fayegh , Azari Samad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed to analyze the factors that influence the increase in the desire to re-engage volunteer rescuers and saviors of the Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Methods
This qualitative descriptive phenomenological study involved the participation of volunteers who had not volunteered in the Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS) for at least one year but expressed a willingness to be re-engaged. The semi-structured in-depth interview process and data collection continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. The collected data was analyzed using the interpretive approach and the 7-step Claesian method.

Results
The results show that several factors influence the increase in the desire to reengage volunteer rescuers and members of IRCS. These factors were categorized into 136 codes, 63 main codes, 20 clusters, 7 classes, and 3 themes, namely “organizational support and understanding,” “work characteristics,” and “organizational credibility.” The results of the study indicate that each of the identified factors plays a significant role in the dynamics of the re-engagement process for rescuers and volunteer rescuers within the IRCS.

Conclusions
The experiences of volunteer rescuers and members can be utilized to enhance the recruitment and retention of volunteer human resources within the IRCS.
Domestic and International Disaster Preparedness Education during Intensive Humanitarian Training
Authors: Merson Joshua , Giambuso Kristen , Nally Jacquelyn , Mather David , Searle Eileen F. , Biddinger Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Domestic and International Disaster Response requires ongoing preparedness through full-scale exercises and training. The Humanitarian Response Intensive Course (HRIC) includes a 3-day in-person simulation to prepare future humanitarian workers. The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) Disaster Medical and Global Disaster Response Teams supported the HRIC through the development of a simulated field hospital for the course participants. Additionally, the MGH teams engaged in an intensive continuing education program for specialized training.

Methods
An interdisciplinary team developed and delivered seven discrete educational modules utilizing small group methodologies and combining didactics and simulation for a total of 14 hours of content over the 3-day course. Participants engaged in structured debriefing and completed written evaluations at the end of each day.

Results
18 participants completed the course and simulation weekend. Participants strongly agreed that learning outcomes were met and they noted that they felt more prepared to deploy in the future with comments specifically noting the ability to function as part of a team and increased awareness of personal safety in an alternate care setting.

Conclusion
Structured learning within a large-scale immersive, interdisciplinary simulation resulted in participants reporting increased preparation for real-world events.
Bridging the Gap: Communicating with Emergency Management Professionals in the Midst of Climate-Related Disasters
Authors: Brown Sarah I , Madad Syra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this research is to assess how New York City Health + Hospitals emergency management professionals (EMPs) perceive climate change-related events, to a.) improve communication for increased receptivity and b.) identify gaps in perceived risks.

Methods
The study surveys EMPs from 13 geographically different healthcare facilities in NYC about their perceptions on climate change and its related emergency scenarios, preferred information sources on climate change, and the best modes of communication during climate-related extreme weather events.

Results
The results of this study support a.) the importance of official hospital-system guidance regarding climate risks b.) the use of a diverse array of terminology, including messaging that refrains from the phrase ‘climate change’ and instead refers to the ‘future’ c.) the incorporation of clear actionable deliverables and d.) the inclusion of expert voices into messaging. Overall, recent events and upcoming seasonal hazards appear to affect perception of risk more than objective measures. Knowledge of city and temporal factors that impact perceived risk can be mobilized to harness engagement.

Conclusions
The results of this study inform best practices for climate communications to EMPs, critical in preparing our health systems for future climate disasters.
The Role of Misogyny in the 2022 Korean Presidential Election: Understanding the Backlash against Feminism in Industrialized Democracies
Authors: Jenkins Matthew D. , Kim Hannah June 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite increasing scholarly attention to backlash against feminism, little is known about anti-feminist movements in East Asia. This study examines the 2022 South Korean presidential election campaign, in which the political parties sought to capitalize on political resistance to the perceived advance of feminism. This embrace of male grievance as a political force was arguably led by former People Power Party (PPP) chairman Lee Jun-seok, leading commenters to argue that support for Lee is rooted in misogyny. We examine this claim empirically by drawing on a novel survey to estimate the association between misogynistic attitudes, measured through devaluation, perception of women as manipulative, and distrust, and support for Lee. We find that misogynistic attitudes are positively correlated with support for Lee, but not with presidential vote choice. We interpret this as suggesting that the association between misogyny and support for Lee is a manifestation of the desire for symbolic representation. We discuss the implications of how this association can further influence the gender divide, both in Korea and beyond, and conclude with recommendations for further research.
Contesting Caste: Institutionalized Oppression and Circumventive Legal Resistance
Authors: Silliman Bhattacharjee Shikha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Across the globe, people who mobilize to protect their rights in highly oppressive contexts may have to navigate government institutions that not only fail to implement protections but also engage in discriminatory practices. This article introduces the term “circumventive legal resistance” to describe practices of making legally grounded claims but facilitating relief through processes of expression and negotiation that are distinct from explicit mechanisms of legal enforcement. Based upon a study of twenty-seven rural, semi-rural, and urban areas across the north and north-west regions of India, this article documents how Dalit women—from the most marginalized groups at the base of the caste pyramid—mobilize to protect their rights in contexts where local institutions do not enforce laws prohibiting caste discrimination and instead perpetrate caste-based forced labor practices. In particular, I focus on a campaign to end manual scavenging—a form of caste-based forced labor that is one of the worst surviving symbols of untouchability. With local channels to legal relief largely foreclosed, Dalit women who leave manual scavenging engage in circumventive legal resistance: they draw on law to make claims but win relief through avenues distinct from those envisioned within the parameters of the law.
Virtual Aunts and Uncles: Identity and Community in a Diasporic National Minority
Authors: Rácz Krisztina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The past decade has seen mass emigration of Hungarians from Serbia to the kin-state and Western European countries. This has resulted in new ways of understanding what it means to belong to the community, both empirically and in terms of theorizing it, and both for those in Serbia and those abroad. This article claims that there are virtual platforms where members of this ethnic community (re)create their identities, and that this happens through relating to certain common themes. For this reason, I analyze the common themes of two humorous Facebook pages – namely, rurality, food, language use, ethnic others, and crossing borders – popular among Vojvodina Hungarians. The article argues that these elements of identity connect members of the community who live in Vojvodina and those who have emigrated to the kin-state or diaspora. Therefore, in order to unpack the complex dynamics of identification of a national minority community with high diasporic tendencies, an approach that connects the above topics to the concepts of community, nostalgia, home, minority, and borders, and in more general terms the lens of national minority and diaspora studies is needed.
British CEOs in the Twentieth Century: Aristocratic Amateurs to Fat Cats?
Authors: Adams Robin J. C. , Aldous Michael , Fliers Philip , Turner John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article uses a prosopographical methodology and new dataset of 1,558 CEOs from Britain’s largest public companies between 1900 and 2009 to analyze how the role, social background, and career pathways of corporate leaders changed. We have four main findings. First, the designation of CEO only prevailed in the 1990s. Second, the proportion of socially elite CEOs was highest before 1940, but they were not dominant. Third, most CEOs did not have a degree before the 1980s, or professional qualification until the 1990s. Fourth, liberal market reforms in the 1980s were associated with an increase in the likelihood of CEO dismissal by a factor of three.