bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the human spinal cord arachnoid cisterns: applications for spinal cord surgery
Authors: Dauleac Corentin , Jacquesson Timothée , Mertens Patrick 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVEThe goal in this study was to describe the overall organization of the spinal arachnoid mater and spinal subarachnoid space (SSAS) as well as its relationship with surrounding structures, in order to highlight spinal cord arachnoid cisterns.METHODSFifteen spinal cords were extracted from embalmed adult cadavers. The organization of the spinal cord arachnoid and SSAS was described via macroscopic observations, optical microscopic views, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies. Gelatin injections were also performed to study separated dorsal subarachnoid compartments.RESULTSCompartmentalization of SSAS was studied on 3 levels of axial sections. On an axial section passing through the tips of the denticulate ligament anchored to the dura, 3 subarachnoid cisterns were observed: 2 dorsolateral and 1 ventral. On an axial section passing through dural exit/entrance of rootlets, 5 subarachnoid cisterns were observed: 2 dorsolateral, 2 lateral formed by dorsal and ventral rootlets, and 1 ventral. On an axial section passing between the two previous ones, only 1 subarachnoid cistern was observed around the spinal cord. This compartmentalization resulted in the anatomical description of 3 elements: the median dorsal septum, the arachnoid anchorage to the tip of the denticulate ligament, and the arachnoid anchorage to the dural exit/entrance of rootlets. The median dorsal septum already separated dorsal left and right subarachnoid spaces and was described from C1 level to 3 cm above the conus medullaris. This septum was anchored to the dorsal septal vein. No discontinuation was observed in the median dorsal arachnoid septum. At the entrance point of dorsal rootlets in the spinal cord, arachnoid trabeculations were described. Using the SEM, numerous arachnoid adhesions between the ventral surface of the dorsal rootlets and the pia mater over the spinal cord were observed. At the ventral part of the SSAS, no septum was found, but some arachnoid trabeculations between the arachnoid and the pia mater were present and more frequent than in the dorsal part. Laterally, arachnoid was firmly anchored to the denticulate ligaments’ fixation at dural points, and dural exit/entrance of rootlets made a fibrous ring of arachnoidodural adhesions. At the level of the cauda equina, the arachnoid mater surrounded all rootlets together—as a sac and not individually.CONCLUSIONSArachnoid cisterns are organized on each side of a median dorsal septum and compartmentalized in relation with the attachments of denticulate ligament and exit/entrance of rootlets.
CD8+ Cytotoxic Immune Infiltrate in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Standardized Methodology to Study Association with Clinico-Pathological Features and Prognosis
Authors: Masson-Lecomte Alexandra , Maillé Pascale , Pineda Silvia , Soyeux Pascale , Sagrera Ana , Rava Marta , Lopez de Maturana Evangelina , Márquez Mirari , Tardón Adonina , Carrato Alfredo , Kogevinas Manolis , de la Taille Alexandre , Hartmann Arndt , Malats Núria , Real Paco , Allory Yves 
Published: July 2019

Background: Major interest lies in the evaluation of immune infiltrate in bladder cancer. CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes are key effectors of adaptive immune response. Objectives: The aims of the study were to set up a standardized methodology for CD8+ lymphocytes estimation in NMIBC and investigate how intra-tumoral heterogeneity influences CD8+ immune infiltrate. Methods: We considered 995 NMIBC included in the Spanish Bladder Cancer (SBC)/EPICURO Study. Duplicate 0.6 mm TMA spots and paired full sections (FS) for 50 selected cases were double stained with anti-pan cytokeratin antibody and anti-CD8 antibody. Slides were digitalized and CD8+ cells were automatically counted after tissue recognition (tumor vs stroma). Spatial heterogeneity was assessed and a resampling strategy was applied to estimate the proper number of 0.6 mm TMA spots providing an adequate CD8+ cell estimate. Association between CD8+ count and expression of urothelial differentiation markers was estimated. Cox regression models were performed to assess association between CD8+ cell count and risk of recurrence and progression. Results: Microscopic examination of full sections showed spatial heterogeneity for CD8+ infiltrates. Simulation analyses demonstrated that 5 TMA regions provided a correct sampling of tumor and stromal compartments in Ta while 2 and 6 TMA regions were necessary in T1, respectively. CD8+ cells infiltration was associated with stage, regardless of the histological compartment analyzed (median CD8 + /mm2 were 25/mm2 and 129/mm2 in tumor and stroma respectively in Ta and 111/mm2 and 344/mm2 in T1; p-value = 0.006). CD8+ infiltration in tumor compartment was significantly associated with low FGFR3 expression. CD8 + /mm2 count in the tumor compartment was not associated with prognosis. Conclusion: Differences identified between Ta and T1 tumours supported the hypothesis that rigorous efforts should be placed in proper study design. These results provide a new framework to investigate microenvironment complexity in bladder cancer.
Association of Folate Metabolites and Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Blood Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Lv Xin , Zhou Dongtao , Ge Baojin , Chen Hui , Du Yue , Liu Shuai , Ji Yong , Sun Changqing , Wang Guangshun , Gao Yuxia , Li Wen , Huang Guowei 
Published: July 2019

Background: The nutrition state plays an important role in the progress of aging. Folate may play a role in protecting mitochondrial (mt) DNA by reducing oxidative stress. Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the association of mitochondrial oxidative damage with risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and to explore the possible role of folate metabolites in this association in a matched case-control study. Methods: Serum folate metabolites and mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells were determined in 82 AD cases and 82 healthy controls, individually matched by age, gender, and education. Results: AD patients had lower serum levels of folate and higher homocysteine (Hcy) concentration. AD patients had a reduced mtDNA copy number, higher mtDNA deletions, and increased 8-OHdG content in mtDNA indicative of reduced mitochondrial function. The highest level of mtDNA copy number would decrease the risk of AD ( OR = 0.157, 95% CI: 0.058–0.422) compared to the lowest level, independently of serum folate, and Hcy levels. Serum folate levels correlated with low 8-OHdG content in mtDNA both in AD patients and controls, independently of serum Hcy level. Moreover, serum Hcy levels correlated with low copy number in mtDNA both in AD patients and controls, independently of serum folate levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells could be associated with risk of AD independent of multiple covariates. AD patients with a folate deficiency or hyperhomocysteinemia had low mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells. However, further randomized controlled trials are need to determine a causal effect.
Effectiveness of social stories for children with autism: A comprehensive review
Authors: Aldabas Rashed 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: The study primarily focuses on systematically analyzing the effectiveness of using social stories as interventions for inappropriate social behavior in individuals with ASD. OBJECTIVE: This study also reviewed the effectiveness of integration of technology when using social stories. METHODS: Several databases were systematically searched using key words. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were applied to identify appropriate peer-reviewed journal articles for inclusion. Effect size, quality of study, and Gray’s criteria were used to assess the efficacy of social stories as interventions for inappropriate behaviors in individuals with ASD. RESULTS: The search yielded 23 peer-reviewed journal articles. The literature indicates that social stories are, in fact, effective in reducing inappropriate social behaviors among such children. A few studies had been about applied social stories with use of technology. However, some researchers have argued that social studies cannot be used alone. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to ensure that teachers involve themselves fully in the process and include verbal prompts and computer-presented social stories employing multimedia features. According to findings of the literature, further research is needed on the effectiveness of social stories when incorporated with other verbal prompts and multimedia features.
Design and performance evaluation of 3D printed writing and typing assistive devices: A pragmatic single participant study
Authors: Maharaj Chris , Ragoo Kiran , Sirjoosingh Vashish , Sahadeo Shreedevi , Lall Deepak , Chowdary Boppana V. 
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: 3D Printing can be used to make prosthetic and assistive devices for the physically disabled with the advantages of being affordable and bespoke. A physically challenged test participant was selected who required assistive devices for writing and typing. The participant had a pilocytic astrocytoma in the left peduncle in 2013, which was successfully removed. However, some right arm motor function was lost decreasing writing and typing ability, and forcing adaptation of the left arm. Thus, 3D printed devices were developed to assist the right arm with writing and typing. METHOD: The study employed an Alternative Treatment Design, in which writing and typing tests occurred every day for the first three days and then the fifth and seventh days. Two devices were made for writing and two for typing. RESULTS: The writing device that consisted of a 2-ring connected design (one finger fits into one ring and the writing utensil into the other) was 15% faster than without any aid on the right hand. Its use also showed the smallest average deviation from a template, 1.8 mm (0.07 in), offering the neatest handwriting quality for the right hand. Regarding typing, the design consisting of a ring and pointer was found to be 54% faster than using no assistive device on the right hand (when typing with right hand alone) and 30% faster than using no assistive device (when using both hands to type). DISCUSSION: The study can assist others who intend to produce assistive devices for writing and typing by not only providing ideas for bespoke designs but also the ways in which these assistive devices can be assessed.
Effects of parent instruction in partner-augmented input on parent and child speech generating device use
Authors: Senner Jill E. , Post Kathleen A. , Baud Matthew R. , Patterson Brian , Bolin Brianne , Lopez Jazmyn , Williams Emma 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND: Lack of parental knowledge about augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems and how to incorporate them into daily life can be a barrier to AAC use. To support children who are learning an AAC system, parents must understand how to model communication during naturally occurring activities. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine the effects of parent instruction on modeling AAC use in naturally occurring activities. METHODS: An eight-step instruction model was used to teach four parents of children who use AAC to provide partner-augmented input (PAI) using the core vocabularies on their children’s speech-generating devices (SGDs) during core family leisure activities. Communication Sampling and Analysis (CSA) was used to compare parent and child language at pretest and post-test. RESULTS: All parents demonstrated the ability to perform all of the components of successful PAI (slow rate, model, respect and reflect, repeat, expand, stop) as determined by review of an observation checklist completed during coaching sessions. Parents significantly increased percentage of utterances modeled on their children’s SGDs between pretest and post-test measures. The percentage of unique words modeled (i.e., type-token ratios) by each parent suggests variety in models at post-test. Three of four child participants demonstrated increases in unique words used following parent instruction. CONCLUSIONS: Parent instruction can increase parent modeling and child SGD use.
PENGARUH REBUSAN DAUN SIRIH 50% DAN 70% TERHADAP PENURUNAN JUMLAH Candida albicans PADA PLAT RESIN AKRILIK Heat Cured
Authors: Nuning Fransiska 
Published: July 2019

Gigi tiruan yang terbuat dari resin akrilik sering menjadi tempat pertumbuhan Candida albicans, dan bila tidak dibersihkan dengan baik akan menyebabkan Candidiasis. Gigi tiruan dapat dibersihkan untuk menghilangkan pertumbuhan Candida albicans, salah satunya adalah menggunakan tanaman daun sirih. Daun sirih (Piper betle L.) diketahui berkhasiat sebagai antijamur dan desinfektan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan desain posttest control group design. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan yaitu 27 plat resin akrilik heat cured berukuran 10x10x2 mm. Sampel dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 9 plat resin akrilik heat cured, yang direndam dalam rebusan daun sirih 50%, 70% dan aquadest sebagai kelompok kontrol selama 30 menit. Sebelum penelitian, plat resin akrilik direndam dalam saliva buatan selama 1 jam. Setelah dibilas dengan larutan NaCl fisiologis 0,85%, plat resin akrilik diinkubasi selama 24 jam pada suhu 37oC didalam suspensi Candida albicans 108 CFU/ml. Kemudian dilakukan pengenceran seri 10-3, diambil 1 ml diteteskan pada media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) lalu diinkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu 37oC. Selanjutnya perhitungan Candida albicans dengan colony counter.Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Kruskal-Wallis. Berdasarkan hasil analisa diperoleh nilai p= 0.000 (p<0.05), hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara masing-masing kelompok sampel. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa rebusan daun sirih 50% dan 70% dapat menurunkan jumlah Candida albicans pada plat resin akrilik heat cured. Rebusan daun sirih 70% lebih menurunkan jumlah Candida albicans pada plat resin akrilik heat cured dibanding rebusan daun sirih 50%.
STRATEGI KETELADANAN GURU DAN PEMBIASAAN SHALAT ZUHUR BERJAMAAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Saleh Abdurachman 
Published: July 2019

<p class="15cKeywordsBInggris">The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between the Obedience Teachers and the Habit of the Zuhur Prayers’ Companions with PAI (islamic studies) Student Achievement. The research was carried out at 1 Gunungputri Vocational High School, Bogor Regency. The research respondents were students with population 349 taken proportionally random sampling. The method used is a survey with a correlational approach. In order to obtain data in the field, a questionnaire is prepared based on the indicators in the research variable. From the results of the study produced three conclusions; are: First, there is a significant positive relationship between Teacher Exemplary (X1) and PAI Student Learning Achievement (Y) are 35,63 % . Second, there is a significant positive relationship between the Variation of the zuhur Prayers’ Companions (X2) and the PAI Student Achievement (Y) are 43,04 %. Third, There is a significant positive relationship between Teacher Exemplary variables (X1) and Habit of Zuhur Prayers (X2) together with Student PAI Learning Achievement (Y) are 47,85 %. Based on these points it can be concluded that Student PAI Learning Achievement can be improved through Teacher's Exemplary and Habit of the Zuhur Prayers.</p><p class="16aJudulAbstrak"><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p class="16bIsiAbstrak">Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara Keteladanan Guru dan Pembiasaan Shalat Zuhur Berjamaah dengan Prestasi Belajar PAI Siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMKN 1 Gunung putri Kabupaten Bogor. Responden penelitian adalah Siswa dengan populasi 349 yang diambil secara Proporsional Random Sampling. Metode yang digunakan yaitu survei dengan pendekatan korelasional. Untuk mendapatkan data di lapangan digunakan kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan indikator-indikator yang ada pada variabel penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian menghasilkan tiga kesimpulan; yaitu: Pertama, terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara Keteladanan Guru (X1) dan Prestasi Belajar PAI Siswa (Y) sebesar 35,63 %. Kedua, Terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara Variabel Pembisaan Shalat Zuhur Berjamaah (X2) dengan Prestasi Belajar PAI Siswa (Y) sebesar 43,04 %. Ketiga, Terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara variabel Keteladanan Guru (X1) dan Pembiasaan Shalat Zuhur Berjamaah (X2) secara bersama-sama dengan Prestasi Belajar PAI Siswa (Y) sebesar 47,85 %. Berdasarkan hal-hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Prestasi Belajar PAI Siswa dapat ditingkatkan melalui Keteladanan Guru dan Pembiasaan Shalat Zuhur Berjamaah.</p>
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pengadaan Perangkat Teknologi Informasi Menggunakan Metode Logic Fuzzy Pada PT. Kojo Balairaja
Authors: Rajab Rajab , Defiariany Defiariany , Adiatma Feri 
Published: July 2019

This study discusses decision support system of the procurement information technology devices using fuzzy logic method at PT. Kojo Balairaja. The research objectives are (1) to determine the eligibility criteria for the procurement of information technology devices that are appropriate to the needs of the company, (2) to determine costs according to the company's budget, (3) to determine the quality of devices held, and (4) to determine the update of the devices held. One of the difficullties that found is the manager’s in making decsion. An example manager’s decision in considering some aspects such as costs and needs but they do not consider eligibility criteria, the quality and updating of the equipment needed by the company. The method used the Fuzzy Logic method karena metode ini dapat memetakan perangkat yang dibutuhkan. The results of this study, namely the system built can help managers at PT. Kojo Balairaja in making decisions to procure information technology devices in accordance with the eligibility criteria, namely managers can approve, consider and reject the device request, the quality and updating of the equipment needed and can predict the cost of good quality but the price is moderate and affordable by the company.
Screening of rice accessions and newer molecules against lepidopterous pests in Manipur, India
Authors: Das Mukta , Longkumer I. Yimjenjang , Singh K.I 
Published: July 2019

Trials conducted to assess the resistant reaction of some rice accessions and evaluation of newer molecules against the incidence of two key lepidopterous pests viz., Scirpophaga incertulas Walker and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee revealed that among the screened varieties, WR-15-6-1, WR-1-9-1-1, CAU-R2, Lamyanbaphou, RC-MANI-PHOU-11, Matamphou, KD-6-18-7-1 and RCMANIPHOU-6-RC-5 reacted moderately susceptible at vegetative stage and among these eight, four varieties viz., WR-1-9-1-1, CAU-R2, RC-MANI-PHOU-11 and Matamphou showed resistant reaction at heading stage against S. incertulas and six accessions viz., WR-1-9-1-1, CAU-R3, KD-5-3-14, RCMANI-PHOU-11, CAU-R4 and KD-6-18-7-1 were categorized as moderately susceptible to C. medinalis. The test on efficacy of newer molecule showed that treatment with Fipronil 5 SC @ 100 ml a.i. ha1 was found to be most effective in reducing Deadheart (DH) and White Ear Head (WEH) with minimum incidence of 3.85 per cent and 1.87% WEH respectively. Whereas the pooled mean data of two spray indicated that Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 250 ml a.i. ha1 showed minimum leaf damage of 4.16 % which was at par with Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 (4.63% LD), Fipronil 5 SC @ 100 ml a.i. ha-1.
Experimental Study of Pyrite Oxidation at 100 °C: Implications for Deep Geological Radwaste Repository in Claystone
Authors: Verron Héloïse , Sterpenich Jérôme , Bonnet Julien , Bourdelle Franck , Mosser-Ruck Régine , Lorgeoux Catherine , Randi Aurélien , Michau Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

The oxidation of pyrite is one of the near field processes of the chemical evolution of clay rock planned to host a deep geological radioactive waste repository during operation. Indeed, this process can lead to transitory acidic conditions in the medium (i.e., production of sulphuric acid, carbonic acid) which may influence the corrosion kinetics of the carbon steel components of some disposal cells. In order to improve the geochemical modelling of the long-term disposal, the oxidation of pyrite in contact with clays and carbonates at 100 °C must be evaluated. In this study, special attention was paid to the pyrite oxidation rate thanks to an original experimental set-up, involving several pyrite/mineral mixtures and a reactor coupled to a micro gas chromatograph (PO2 and PCO2 monitoring). Although thermodynamic modelling expects that hematite is the most stable phase in a pure pyrite heated system (low pH), experiments show the formation of native sulfur as an intermediate product of the reaction. In the presence of calcite, the pH is neutralized and drives the lower reactivity of pyrite in the absence of native sulfur. The addition of clay phases or other detrital silicates from the claystone had no impact on pyrite oxidation rate. The discrepancies between experiments and thermodynamic modelling are explained by kinetic effects. Two laws were deduced at 100 °C. The first concerns a pure pyrite system, with the following law: r P y = 10 − 4.8 · P O 2 0.5 · t − 0.5 . The second concerns a pyrite/carbonates system: r P y + C a = 10 − 5.1 · P O 2 0.5 · t − 0.5 where PO2 corresponds to the partial pressure of O2 (in bar) and t is time in seconds. Different mechanisms are proposed to explain the evolution with time of the O2 consumption during pyrite oxidation: (i) decrease of the specific or reactive surface area after oxidation of fine grains of pyrite, (ii) decrease of O2 pressure, (iii) growing up of secondary minerals (Fe-oxides or anhydrite in the presence of calcium in the system) on the surface of pyrite limiting the access of O2 to the fresh surface of pyrite, and (iv) change in the pH of the solution.
Les amphiboles orthorhombiques, riches en aluminium et magnésium, des amphibolites à sapphirine des Pyrénées
Authors: Monchoux Pierre , Roux Louis 
Published: July 2019

Des amphiboles orthorhombiques participent fréquemment aux paragenèses des amphibolites à sapphirine des Pyrénées. Leur composition, remarquablement alumino-magnésienne, permet d'élargir le domaine de composition actuellement connu pour ces minéraux.
Un des échantillons représente le terme naturel le plus proche, actuellement connu, du pôle théorique « gédrite ».
Les observations géologiques et les résultats expérimentaux permettent de préciser les conditions de cristallisation de ces minéraux.
La glaucosphaerite de Kasompi (Shaba méridional, Zaïre)
Authors: Deliens Michel 
Published: July 2019

A new occurrence of Cu-Ni basic carbonate from Kasompi (Southern Shaba) is described. This material is identical with glaucosphaerite 4 [(Cu, Ni) ₂CO₃ (OH)₂] from Kambalda, Australia (M. W. Pryce and J. Just, 1974). Many samples from Kasompi show a peculiar fibrous fern-like arrangement. Chemical analysis on the zaïrian material gave CuO 44.03, NiO 23.92, Fe₂O₃ 0.40, CO₂ 20.15, H₂O+ 8.25, H₂O- 0.19, insol. 2.28 with Cu : Ni near 1.73.
X-ray diffraction powder data and infrared spectra are given for glaucosphaerite from Kasompi.