bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability of using the WHO surgical safety checklist: a mixed-methods longitudinal evaluation following a nationwide blended educational implementation strategy in Madagascar
Authors: White Michelle C , Randall Kirsten , Ravelojaona Vaonandianina A , Andriamanjato Hery H , Andean Vanessa , Callahan James , Shrime Mark G , Russ Stephanie , Leather Andrew J M , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe WHO Surgical Safety Checklist reduces postoperative complications by up to 50% with the biggest gains in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However in LMICs, checklist use is sporadic and widespread implementation has hitherto been unsuccessful. In 2015/2016, we partnered with the Madagascar Ministry of Health to undertake nationwide implementation of the checklist. We report a longitudinal evaluation of checklist use at 12–18 months postimplementation.MethodsHospitals were identified from the original cohort using purposive sampling. Using a concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design, the primary outcome was self-reported checklist use. Secondary outcomes included use of basic safety processes, assessment of team behaviour, predictors of checklist use, impact on individuals and organisational culture and identification of barriers. Data were collected during 1-day hospital visits using validated questionnaires, WHO Behaviourally Adjusted Rating Scale (WHOBARS) assessment tool and focus groups and analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate linear regression and thematic analysis.Results175 individuals from 14 hospitals participated. 74% reported sustained checklist use after 15 months. Mean WHOBARS scores were high, indicating good team engagement. Sustained checklist use was associated with an improved overall understanding of patient safety but not with WHOBARS, hospital size or surgical volume. 87% reported improved understanding of patient safety and 83% increased job satisfaction. Thematic analysis identified improvements in hospital culture (teamwork and communication, preparation and organisation, trust and confidence) and hospital practice (pulse oximetry, timing of antibiotic prophylaxis, introduction of a surgical count). Lack of time in an emergency and obstructive leadership were the greatest implementation barriers.Conclusion74% of participants reported sustained checklist use 12–18 months following nationwide implementation in Madagascar, with associated improvements in job satisfaction, culture and compliance with safety procedures. Further work is required to examine this implementation model in other countries.
[18F]FDG cardiac PET imaging in a canine model of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease associated with breast cancer radiotherapy
Authors: El-Sherif Omar , Xhaferllari Ilma , Sykes Jane , Butler John , deKemp Robert A. , Renaud Jennifer , Yin Hao , Wilk Ben , Sullivan Rebecca , Pickering J. Geoffrey , Battista Jerry , Wisenberg Gerald , Prato Frank S. , Gaede Stewart 
Published: December 2018

Radiotherapy for the treatment of left-sided breast cancer increases the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the present study was to noninvasively image the progression of radiation-induced cardiac inflammation in a large animal model using a hybrid PET and MRI system. Five canines were imaged using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET to assess changes in myocardial inflammation. All animals were imaged at baseline, 1 wk, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 mo after focused cardiac external beam irradiation with image guidance. Radiation was delivered in a single fraction. The linear quadratic model was used to convert a typical multifractionated heart dose to a corrected single-fraction biologically equivalent dose. Immunohistochemistry was performed on excised left ventricular tissue samples from all five irradiated canines and one nonirradiated control canine to confirm the presence of inflammation. The mean doses delivered to the entire heart, left ventricle, left anterior descending artery, and left circumflex artery were 1.7 ± 0.2, 2.7 ± 0.2, 5.5 ± 0.9, and 1.1 ± 0.4 Gy, respectively. FDG standard uptake values remained persistently elevated compared with baseline (1.1 ± 0.03 vs. 2.6 ± 0.19, P < 0.05). The presence of myocardial inflammation was confirmed histologically and correlated with myocardial dose. This study suggests a global inflammatory response that is persistent up to 12 mo postirradiation. Inflammation PET imaging should be considered in future clinical studies to monitor the early changes in cardiac function that may play a role in the ultimate development of radiation-induced cardiac toxicity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using advanced cardiac PET imaging, we have shown the spatial and quantitative relationship between radiation dose deposition and temporal changes in inflammation. We have shown that the progression of radiation-induced cardiac inflammation is immediate and does not subside for up to 1 yr after radiation. Results are presented in a large animal model that closely resembles the size and vessel architecture of humans. The proposed imaging protocol can be easily replicated for clinical use.
Possible mechanism of late systolic mitral valve prolapse: systolic superior shift of leaflets secondary to annular dilatation that causes papillary muscle traction
Authors: Hei Soshi , Iwataki Mai , Jang Jeong-Yoon , Kuwaki Hiroshi , Mahara Keitaro , Fukuda Shota , Kim Yun-Jeong , Nabeshima Yosuke , Onoue Takeshi , Nagata Yasufumi , Nishino Shun , Watanabe Nozomi , Takeuchi Masaaki , Nishimura Yosuke , Song Jae-Kwan , Levine Robert A. , Otsuji Yutaka 
Published: December 2018

Progressive superior shift of the mitral valve (MV) during systole is associated with abnormal papillary muscle (PM) superior shift in late systolic MV prolapse (MVP). The causal relation of these superior shifts remains unclarified. We hypothesized that the MV superior shift is related to augmented MV superiorly pushing force by systolic left ventricular pressure due to MV annular dilatation, which can be corrected by surgical MV plasty, leading to postoperative disappearance of these superior shifts. In 35 controls, 28 patients with holosystolic MVP, and 28 patients with late systolic MVP, the MV coaptation depth from the MV annulus was measured at early and late systole by two-dimensional echocardiography. The PM tip superior shift was monitored by echocardiographic speckle tracking. MV superiorly pushing force was obtained as MV annular area × (systolic blood pressure − 10). Measurements were repeated after MV plasty in 14 patients with late systolic MVP. Compared with controls and patients with holosystolic MVP, MV and PM superior shifts and MV superiorly pushing force were greater in patients with late systolic MVP [1.3 (0.5) vs. 0.9 (0.6) vs. 3.9 (1.0) mm/m2, 1.3 (0.5) vs. 1.2 (1.0) vs. 3.3 (1.3) mm/m2, and 487 (90) vs. 606 (167) vs. 742 (177) mmHg·cm2·m−2, respectively, means (SD), P < 0.001]. MV superior shift was correlated with PM superior shift ( P < 0.001), which was further related to augmented MV superiorly pushing force ( P < 0.001). MV and PM superior shift disappeared after surgical MV plasty for late systolic MVP. These data suggest that MV annulus dilatation augmenting MV superiorly pushing force may promote secondary superior shift of the MV (equal to late systolic MVP) that causes subvalvular PM traction in patients with late systolic MVP. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Late systolic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with mitral valve (MV) and papillary muscle (PM) abnormal superior shifts during systole, but the causal relation remains unclarified. MV and PM superior shifts were correlated with augmented MV superiorly pushing force by annular dilatation and disappeared after surgical MV plasty with annulus size and MV superiorly pushing force reduction. This suggests that MV annulus dilatation may promote secondary superior shifts of the MV (late systolic MVP) that cause subvalvular PM traction.
ДО 25-РІЧЧЯ ЗАСНУВАННЯ ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ КВАЛІФІКАЦІЇ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ МЕДИЧНОЇ АКАДЕМІЇ ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОЇ ОСВІТИ ІМЕНІ П. Л. ШУПИКА
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Babintseva L. Yu. 
Published: December 2018

Відомо, що освіта, як сфера людської діяльності, перш за все спрямована на здобуття нових знань. Беззаперечним є й той факт, що науковий підхід до всіх видів людської діяльності змушує освіту розвиватися швидшими темпами, ніж будь-яку іншу галузь діяльності, «...задовольняючи потреби суспільства та держави в технологічному розвитку шляхом взаємодії освіти та науки.» (Закон України «Про наукову і науково-технічну діяльність» від 26.11.2015 № 848-VIII).
Метою заснування першого в країні факультету підвищення кваліфікації викладачів (ПКВ), сталареалізація системного підходу до вдосконалення знань і підвищення кваліфікації науково-педагогічних працівників (НПП) системи післядипломної медичної освіти.
CD4
+
Regulatory T Lymphocytes Prevent Impaired Cerebral Blood Flow in Angiotensin II‐Induced Hypertension
Authors: Iulita M. Florencia , Duchemin Sonia , Vallerand Diane , Barhoumi Tlili , Alvarez Fernando , Istomine Roman , Laurent Cyril , Youwakim Jessica , Paradis Pierre , Arbour Nathalie , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Schiffrin Ernesto L. , Girouard Hélène 
Published: December 2018

Background

Immune cells are key regulators of the vascular inflammatory response characteristic of hypertension. In hypertensive rodents, regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg,
CD
4
+
CD
25
+
) prevented vascular injury, cardiac damage, and endothelial dysfunction of mesenteric arteries. Whether Treg modulate the cerebrovascular damage induced by hypertension is unknown.

Methods and Results

C57
BL
/6 mice were perfused with angiotensin
II
(Ang
II
; 1000 ng/kg per minute) for 14 days and adoptive transfer of 3×10
5
CD
4
+
CD
25
+
T cells was performed via 2 intravenous injections. Control mice received a sham surgery and
PBS
. Treg prevented Ang
II
‐induced neurovascular uncoupling (
P
<0.05) and endothelial impairment (
P
<0.05), evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry in the somatosensory cortex. The neuroprotective effect of Treg was abolished when they were isolated from mice deficient in interleukin‐10. Administration of interleukin‐10 (60 ng/d) to hypertensive mice prevented Ang
II
‐induced neurovascular uncoupling (
P
<0.05). Treg adoptive transfer also diminished systemic inflammation induced by Ang
II
(
P
<0.05), examined with a peripheral blood cytokine array. Mice receiving Ang II + Treg exhibited reduced numbers of Iba‐1+ cells in the brain cortex (
P
<0.05) and hippocampus (
P
<0.001) compared with mice infused only with Ang II. Treg prevented the increase in cerebral superoxide radicals. Overall, these effects did not appear to be directly modulated by Treg accumulating in the brain parenchyma, because only a nonsignificant number of Treg were detected in brain. Instead, Treg penetrated peripheral tissues such as the kidney, inguinal lymph nodes, and the spleen.

Conclusions

Treg prevent impaired cerebrovascular responses in Ang
II
‐induced hypertension. The neuroprotective effects of Treg involve the modulation of inflammation in the brain and periphery.
Dynamic Computational Model of the Human Spinal Cord Connectome
Authors: Arle Jeffrey E. , Iftimia Nicolae , Shils Jay L. , Mei Longzhi , Carlson Kristen W. 
Published: December 2018

Connectomes abound, but few for the human spinal cord. Using anatomical data in the literature, we constructed a draft connectivity map of the human spinal cord connectome, providing a template for the many calibrations of specialized behavior to be overlaid on it and the basis for an initial computational model. A thorough literature review gleaned cell types, connectivity, and connection strength indications. Where human data were not available, we selected species that have been studied. Cadaveric spinal cord measurements, cross-sectional histology images, and cytoarchitectural data regarding cell size and density served as the starting point for estimating numbers of neurons. Simulations were run using neural circuitry simulation software. The model contains the neural circuitry in all ten Rexed laminae with intralaminar, interlaminar, and intersegmental connections, as well as ascending and descending brain connections and estimated neuron counts for various cell types in every lamina of all 31 segments. We noted the presence of highly interconnected complex networks exhibiting several orders of recurrence. The model was used to perform a detailed study of spinal cord stimulation for analgesia. This model is a starting point for workers to develop and test hypotheses across an array of biomedical applications focused on the spinal cord. Each such model requires additional calibrations to constrain its output to verifiable predictions. Future work will include simulating additional segments and expanding the research uses of the model.
O sensie historii
Authors: Kohák Erazim , Mętrak Maciej 
Published: December 2018

History and meaningIn the translated text – selected from the samizdat volume Pojetí českých dějin (The Concept of Czech History) published in January 1986 – the author defines his position in the ongoing dispute about the meaning of Czech history. In the first part, he analyses different definitions of “meaning” and their applicability to national identity and history. Kohák argues that although history never imposes only one way of looking at it, objective facts may exclude some ways of nterpretation. Looking at Czech national history, he concludes that we should consider the existence of contradictory, yet equally important elements as its defining factor. The second part of the study focuses on the life of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and his Czechoslovak idea. Kohák defines ideal Czechoslovakia not as a national state, but a “good state”, providing all of its inhabitants with equal rights and opportunities. He also points out the dissonance between Masaryk’s idea of a just and democratic state and the heavy reliance of interwar Czechoslovakia on Czech nationalism. O sensie historiiW przełożonym tekście, pochodzącym z samizdatowego tomu Pojetí českých dějin wydanego w styczniu 1986, autor włącza się w wieloletnią debatę o sensie czeskiej historii. W pierwszej części przygląda się różnym rozumieniom pojęcia „sens” i ich zastosowaniu w odniesieniu do tożsamości narodowej i historii. Kohák stwierdza, że historia nigdy nie narzuca jednej interpretacji, ale też obiektywne fakty wykluczają pewne sposoby jej odczytywania. Przenosząc tę refleksję na dzieje Czech, autor uznaje, że szczególną wartością czeskiego losu jest istnienie w nim sprzecznych, choć tak samo wartościowych tradycji razem tworzących całość czeskiej kultury. Powołując się na życie T. G. Masaryka, Kohák definiuje idealną Czechosłowację nie jako państwo narodowe, ale „dobre państwo” zapewniające równe szanse wszystkim swoim obywatelom. Zwraca również uwagę na leżący u podstaw państwowości czechosłowackiej rozziew między masarykowską ideą państwa sprawiedliwego i demokratycznego a jego faktycznym oparciem się na siłach czeskiego nacjonalizmu.
Meta-strukturalistyczna pułapka. Periodyzacja a strukturalizm Jana Mukařovskiego
Authors: Daszuta Aneta 
Published: December 2018

A meta-structuralist trap: Periodisation and Jan Mukařovský’s structuralismThe aim of this article is to show some methodological traps connected with the common tendency for periodisation of phenomena or processes in research, basing on the example of secondary literature about Czech structuralism, especially Jan Mukařovský’s theory. The author describes the narratives shaped in these works and shows how their symbolic charge directs the way of thinking about the heritage of the Prague school and Jan Mukařovský, which may influence the interpretation of his literary and aesthetic theory. Meta-strukturalistyczna pułapka. Periodyzacja a strukturalizm Jana MukařovskiegoCelem artykułu jest ukazanie na przykładzie opracowań czeskiego strukturalizmu, zwłaszcza dorobku Jana Mukařovskiego, pułapek metodologicznych związanych z powszechną tendencją badawczą do periodyzacji zjawisk i procesów. Zrekonstruowane zostają kształtowane w tych opracowaniach narracje, których ładunek symboliczny ukierunkowuje – często nadmiernie – sposób myślenia o dziedzictwie szkoły praskiej oraz o Janie Mukařovskim, co może wpływać na interpretacje jego refleksji literaturoznawczej i estetycznej.
Blaže Koneski Award, 2018
Authors: Editors . 
Published: December 2018

Information about the Blaže Koneski Award of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, which was awarded this year to the editor-in-chief of Colloquia Humanistica, prof. Jolanta Sujecka. Informacja o uhonorowaniu prof. Jolanty Sujeckiej, Redaktor Naczelnej „Colloquia Humanistica”, Nagrodą im. Blaže Koneskiego przyznawaną przez Macedońską Akademię Nauk i Sztuk.
Towards a unified, socio-cognitive approach to language-mediated intercultural competence
Authors: Strugielska Ariadna , Piątkowska Katarzyna 
Published: December 2018

Towards a unified, socio-cognitive approach to language-mediated intercultural competenceVery few intercultural competence (IC) models include language, and those that do so portray the notion in an inconsonant manner. Nonetheless, research shows that language assures successful intercultural communication. Thus, this article stresses the need for a unified socio-cognitive approach which will introduce common and solid foundations for the role and nature of both language and IC. The article demonstrates that such an integrated framework, built on a reappraised notion of language, helps to overcome numerous dichotomies within IC models and leads to the emergence of a unified approach to language-mediated IC. W kierunku ujednoliconego, socjo-kognitywnego podejścia do kompetencji interkulturowej opartego na językuNieliczne modele kompetencji interkulturowej (ang. IC) uwzględniają język, a te, które to robią, przedstawiają to pojęcie w niekonsekwentny sposób. Jednak badania pokazują, że język jest gwarantem efektywnej komunikacji interkulturowej. Niniejszy artykuł podkreśla potrzebę ujednoliconego podejścia socjo-kognitywnego, które oparte jest na wspólnych podstawach łączących rolę i naturę zarówno języka, jak i kompetencji interkulturowej. W artykule wykazujemy, że takie zintegrowane podejście, zbudowane na przeformułowanej koncepcji języka, pomaga przezwyciężyć liczne dychotomie w modelach kompetencji interkulturowej i prowadzi do powstania jednolitego podejścia do kompetencji interkulturowej opartej na języku.
"The coral of your lips, the stars of your eyes" – the function of the genitive case in a particular kind of genitive metaphor compared to other semantic functions of this case (based on examples in the Polish language)
Authors: Szymańska Monika 
Published: December 2018

The coral of your lips, the stars of your eyes – the function of the genitive case in a particular kind of genitive metaphor compared to other semantic functions of this case (based on examples in the Polish language)This paper attempts to explicate the meanings of expressions representing a specific type of genitive metaphor – binding two notions by the rule of conventional, surface sameness. This article aims to prove that the genitive function that appears in this kind of expression is part of a general pattern modelling the semantic roles of this case. This pattern presents the genitive as a lingual indicator of the relation between a "smaller range" object and a "larger range" object and explains the essence of the semantic function appearing not only in this particular type of genitive metaphor, but also in structures such as genetivus definitivus. Ust korale, gwiazdy oczu– rola dopełniacza w szczególnym typie metafory dopełniaczowej na tle innych ról semantycznych tego przypadka (na przykładach w języku polskim)Artykył prezentuje próbę eksplikacji znaczeń wyrażeń reprezentujących pewien szczególny typ metafory dopełniaczowej – wiążącej dwa pojęcia na zasadzie umownej, pozornej, tożsamości. Próba ta ma na celu udowodnienie, że rola dopełniacza, która ujawnia się w opisywanym typie wyrażeń, wpisuje się w ogólny schemat modelujący role semantyczne tego przypadka. Schemat ten ujmuje dopełniacz jako językowy wykładnik stosunku obiektu o „mniejszym zakresie” do obiektu mającego „większy zakres” i pozwala wyjaśnić istotę roli semantycznej uwidoczniającej się nie tylko w szczególnym typie metafory dopełniaczowej, ale także w konstrukcjach takich, jak genetivus definitivus.
"All my sour-sweet days I will lament and love" – a comparative analysis of metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English
Authors: Zawisławska Magdalena Anna , Falkowska Marta Helena 
Published: December 2018

All my sour-sweet days I will lament and love – a comparative analysis of metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and EnglishThis paper provides a comparative analysis of verbal synesthetic metaphors with the basic taste adjectives in Polish and English: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Since taste seems to be an ideal candidate for a universal, biologically determined source of metaphors, the authors seek to verify the hypothesis of metaphor embodiment. The corpus-based analysis of nominal phrases with basic Polish and English taste adjectives indicates that cultural influences on the metaphorical mapping, as well as the importance of the target conceptual domains, must be taken into account. All my sour-swet days I will lament and love – kontrastywna analiza metafor z przymiotnikami oznaczającymi podstawowe smaki w języku polskim i angielskimW artykule analizowane są metafory synestezyjne z przymiotnikami określającymi podstawowe smaki w języku polskim i angielskim: słodki/sweet, gorzki/bitter, kwaśny/sour, słony/salty. Percepcja smakowa, uwarunkowana biologicznie, wydaje się dobrym przykładem uniwersalnej domeny źródłowej w procesie metaforyzacji. Celem pracy jest weryfikacja kognitywnej teorii o metaforze ucieleśnionej oraz sprawdzenie, w jakim stopniu na proces metaforyzacji wpływają czynniki kulturowe.
Satellites See the World’s Atmosphere
Authors: Ackerman S. A. , Platnick S. , Bhartia P. K. , Duncan B. , L’Ecuyer T. , Heidinger A. , Skofronick-Jackson G. , Loeb N. , Schmit T. , Smith N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSatellite meteorology is a relatively new branch of the atmospheric sciences. The field emerged in the late 1950s during the Cold War and built on the advances in rocketry after World War II. In less than 70 years, satellite observations have transformed the way scientists observe and study Earth. This paper discusses some of the key advances in our understanding of the energy and water cycles, weather forecasting, and atmospheric composition enabled by satellite observations. While progress truly has been an international achievement, in accord with a monograph observing the centennial of the American Meteorological Society, as well as limited space, the emphasis of this chapter is on the U.S. satellite effort.