bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryoglobulins Today: Detection and Immunologic Characteristics of 1,675 Positive Samples From 13,439 Patients Obtained Over Six Years
Authors: Kolopp‐Sarda Marie N. , Nombel Anaïs , Miossec Pierre 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveCryoglobulins are cold‐precipitating immunoglobulins. Through progress in techniques, we undertook this study to update information on the biologic characteristics of cryoglobulins in a very large population.MethodsA cohort of 13,439 patients was tested for cryoglobulins from January 2010 to December 2016. The analysis included cryoglobulin isotype, clonality, concentration, and IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM‐RF) in cryoprecipitate, as well as serum complement and RF. Markers of gammopathy, viral infection, and autoimmunity were also investigated.ResultsOf the 13,439 patients, 1,675 (12.5%) tested positive for cryoglobulins: 155 patients (9.3%) with type I, 788 (47%) with type II, and 732 (43.7%) with type III cryoglobulins. Nine percent of patients who were retested after initially testing negative for cryoglobulins showed a positive result on a follow‐up test (196 of the 2,213 retested patients). In type I cryoglobulins, IgM was more frequent but occurred at lower concentrations than IgG. Mixed cryoglobulins were found in 34.8% of the tested patients who were positive for hepatitis C virus and <5% of those who were positive for hepatitis B virus or HIV. Of the patients with anti–double‐stranded DNA, anti‐SSA, or anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies, 25.4% tested positive for mixed cryoglobulins, with type III occurring more frequently than type II. Both cryoprecipitate and serum were RF‐positive in 21.6% of type II and 10.1% of type III cryoglobulins. A decrease of C4, with or without accompanying decreases of C3 and CH50, was found in 23.6% of cryoglobulin samples.ConclusionObtained with the use of modern assays, our findings from this very large collection of cryoglobulins provide an update on cryoglobulin distribution and characteristics, with minimal selection bias. Despite strict preanalytical conditions, a negative finding for the presence of cryoglobulin must be confirmed in a second sample. RF activity and complement decreases were rarely detected.
Cd2+‐induced Fluorescent Metallogel: A Case of CHEF and ACQ Phenomena
Authors: Dixit Manish Kumar , Mahendar Chinthakuntla , Dubey Mrigendra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA fluorescent metallogel (1 %w/v) has been synthesized from deprotonation of a non‐fluorescent adipic acid‐derived ligand H2AL with LiOH followed by coordination with Cd2+ in DMF. Cd2+ not only induces the coordination complex formation but also leads to aggregation, formation of nanofibers of about ≈12 nm average diameter and gelation. The metallogel was also found to be reversibly stimuli‐responsive towards heating and mechanical shaking whereas it was resistant to ultrasound. The involvement of chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) during the course of gelation has been well established by fluorescence experiments. Further, the coordination complex involved in metallogel formation has been well characterized by ESI‐MS and Job's plot. The synthesized metallogel has a true gel phase as shown by detailed rheological studies. The mechanism of gelation is well established by using FTIR, UV‐vis, fluorescence, lifetime measurement, Job's plot, ESI‐MS, PXRD and TEM techniques.
Halogen‐Bonding‐Induced Conjugate Addition of Thiophenes to Enones and Enals
Authors: Ge Yi‐Cen , Yang Hui , Heusler Arne , Chua Zhijie , Wong Ming Wah , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds to thiophene derivatives. We used a 2‐iodoimidazolinium triflate salt as a halogen‐bonding donor, which afforded moderate‐to‐excellent yields of the corresponding alkylated thiophenes. Insight into the catalytic process was obtained from 1H NMR spectroscopy studies and DFT calculations, which indicated a halogen‐bonding‐supported mechanism with limited Brønsted acid catalysis.
Unsymmetrical Disulfides Synthesis via Sulfenium Ion
Authors: Parida Amarchand , Choudhuri Khokan , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn umpolung approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides via sulfenium ion is reported. In situ generated electrophilic sulfenium ion from electron‐rich thiols reacted with second thiols to yield unsymmetrical disulfides. Using an iodine catalyst and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)/water as promoter, the target syntheses were achieved in one pot under aerobic condition.
Left atrial appendage thrombus detected by transesophageal examination with linear endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Ikezawa Kenji , Shigekawa Minoru , Sengoku Kaoruko , Yoshioka Teppei , Sakamori Ryotaro , Sakata Yasushi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLinear endoscopic ultrasound (L‐EUS) is mainly performed to assess pancreaticobiliary and mediastinal diseases. In this report, transesophageal observation with L‐EUS revealed an LAA thrombus that was not detected by transthoracic echocardiography. This report highlights a novel potential role for L‐EUS in the detection of cardiovascular diseases including LAA thrombi.
Activity‐Stability Volcano Plots for Material Optimization in Electrocatalysis
Authors: Exner Kai S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the last two decades, research in electrocatalysis has been spurred by theoretical calculations and predictions based on the concept of ab initio thermodynamics, which has become a valuable tool for computational researchers in material screening. These investigations most commonly result into the construction of activity‐based volcano plots in order to predict potential electrocatalysts for the application in practice. However, the prototypical activity‐based volcano concept neither captures the influence of the applied overpotential on the activity nor the stability of electrode surfaces. Herein, the well‐established volcano approach is expanded by constructing activity‐stability volcano plots, which, beside the activity, also enclose the stability and the applied overpotential into the analysis.
Dynamic Studies on Kinetic H2/D2 Quantum Sieving in a Narrow Pore Metal–Organic Framework Grown on a Sensor Chip
Authors: Paschke Benjamin , Denysenko Dmytro , Bredenkötter Björn , Sastre German , Wixforth Achim , Volkmer Dirk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe separation of deuterium from hydrogen still remains a challenging and industrially relevant task. Compared to traditional cryogenic methods for separation, based on different boiling points of H2 and D2, the use of ultramicroporous materials offers a more efficient alternative method. Due to their rigid structures, permanently high porosity, tunable pore sizes and adjustable internal surface properties, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials built through the coordination between organic linkers and metal ions/clusters, are more suitable for this approach than zeolites or carbon‐based materials. Herein, dynamic gas flow studies on H2/D2 quantum sieving in MFU‐4, a metal‐organic framework with ultra‐narrow pores of 2.5 Å, are presented. A specially designed sensor with a very fast response based on surface acoustic waves is used. On‐chip measurements of diffusion rates in the temperature range 27–207 K reveal a quantum sieving effect, with D2 diffusing faster than H2 below 64 K and the opposite selectivity above this temperature. The experimental results obtained are confirmed by molecular dynamic simulation regarding quantum sieving of H2 and D2 on MOFs for which a flexible framework approach was used for the first time.
Crosslinker Copolymerization for Property Control in Inverse Vulcanization
Authors: Smith Jessica A. , Green Sarah J. , Petcher Samuel , Parker Douglas J. , Zhang Bowen , Worthington Max J. H. , Wu Xiaofeng , Kelly Catherine A. , Baker Thomas , Gibson Christopher T. , Campbell Jonathan A. , Lewis David A. , Jenkins Mike J. , Willcock Helen , Chalker Justin M. , Hasell Tom 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSulfur is an underused by‐product of the petrochemicals industry. Recent research into inverse vulcanization has shown how this excess sulfur can be transformed into functional polymers, by stabilization with organic crosslinkers. For these interesting new materials to realize their potential for applications, more understanding and control of their physical properties is needed. Here we report four new terpolymers prepared from sulfur and two distinct alkene monomers that can be predictively tuned in glass transition, molecular weight, solubility, mechanical properties, and color.
Anchoring CuO Nanoparticles On C, N‐Codoped G‐C3N4 Nanosheets from Melamine‐Entrapped MOF Gel for High‐Efficiency Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Lu , Kuang Xuan , Liu Zhaoxuan , Hou Ying , Wang Zhiling , Wei Qin , Lee Jin Yong , Kang Baotao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFacile engineering of transitional metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) homogeneously anchored on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is very important. Herein, we develop a rapid and facile route to synthesize CuO NPs‐ and C, N‐codoped g‐C3N4 nanosheets grown on Ni foil (CuO/CN−C3N4/Ni‐f), derived from the oxidation‐pyrolysis of melamine‐entrapped Cu(II)‐MOF gel in the air. A detailed growth process for the hierarchical structure is studied. The obtained hierarchical structure without any binders used directly as an electrode only needs an overpotential of 223 mV to achieve a current density of 50 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M KOH, implying its highly efficient electrocatalytic activity. Notably, this material also exhibits strong long‐term durability. Free energy calculations show that the intrinsic origin of the outstanding activity is derived from sufficient exposure of active sites for CuO NPs anchored on the nanosheets and high N content.
Deterministic Guarantees for Burer‐Monteiro Factorizations of Smooth Semidefinite Programs
Authors: Boumal Nicolas , Voroninski Vladislav , Bandeira Afonso S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider semidefinite programs (SDPs) with equality constraints. The variable to be optimized is a positive semidefinite matrix X of size n. Following the Burer‐Monteiro approach, we optimize a factor Y of size n × p instead, such that X = YYT. This ensures positive semidefiniteness at no cost and can reduce the dimension of the problem if p is small, but results in a nonconvex optimization problem with a quadratic cost function and quadratic equality constraints in Y. In this paper, we show that if the set of constraints on Y regularly defines a smooth manifold, then, despite nonconvexity, first‐ and second‐order necessary optimality conditions are also sufficient, provided p is large enough. For smaller values of p, we show a similar result holds for almost all (linear) cost functions. Under those conditions, a global optimum Y maps to a global optimum X = YYT of the SDP. We deduce old and new consequences for SDP relaxations of the generalized eigenvector problem, the trust‐region subproblem, and quadratic optimization over several spheres, as well as for the Max‐Cut and Orthogonal‐Cut SDPs, which are common relaxations in stochastic block modeling and synchronization of rotations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
R Tutorial: Detection of Differentially Interacting Chromatin Regions From Multiple Hi‐C Datasets
Authors: Stansfield John C. , Tran Duc , Nguyen Tin , Dozmorov Mikhail G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe three‐dimensional (3D) interactions of chromatin regulate cell‐type‐specific gene expression, recombination, X‐chromosome inactivation, and many other genomic processes. High‐throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi‐C) technologies capture the structure of the chromatin on a global scale by measuring all‐vs.‐all interactions and can provide new insights into genomic regulation. The workflow presented here describes how to analyze and interpret a comparative Hi‐C experiment. We describe the process of obtaining Hi‐C data from public repositories and give suggestions for pre‐processing pipelines for users who intend to analyze their own raw data. We then describe the data normalization and comparative analysis process. We present three protocols describing the use of the multiHiCcompare, diffHic, and FIND R packages, respectively, to perform a comparative analysis of Hi‐C experiments. Finally, visualization of the results and downstream interpretation of the differentially interacting regions are discussed. The bulk of this tutorial uses the R programming environment, and the processes described can be performed with most operating systems and a single computer. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparation of Highly Active Monometallic Rhenium Catalysts for Selective Synthesis of 1,4‐Butanediol from 1,4‐Anhydroerythritol
Authors: Wang Tianmiao , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract1,4‐Butanediol can be produced from 1,4‐anhydroerythritol through the co‐catalysis of monometallic mixed catalysts (ReOx/CeO2+ReOx/C) in the one‐pot reduction with H2. The highest yield of 1,4‐butanediol was over 80 %, which is similar to the value obtained over ReOx–Au/CeO2+ReOx/C catalysts. Mixed catalysts of CeO2+ReOx/C showed almost the same performance, giving 89 % yield of 1,4‐butanediol. The reactivity trends of possible intermediates suggest that the reaction mechanism over ReOx/CeO2+ReOx/C is similar to that over ReOx–Au/CeO2+ReOx/C: deoxydehydration (DODH) of 1,4‐anhydroerythritol to 2,5‐dihydrofuran over ReOx species on the CeO2 support with the promotion of H2 activation by ReOx/C, isomerization of 2,5‐dihydrofuran to 2,3‐dihydrofuran catalyzed by ReOx on the C support, hydration of 2,3‐dihydrofuran catalyzed by C, and hydrogenation to 1,4‐butanediol catalyzed by ReOx/C. The reaction order of conversion of 1,4‐anhydroerythritol with respect to H2 pressure is almost zero and this indicates that the rate‐determining step is the formation of 2,5‐dihydrofuran from the coordinated substrate with reduced Re in the DODH step. The activity of ReOx/CeO2+ReOx/C is higher than that of ReOx–Au/CeO2+ReOx/C, which is probably related to the reducibility of ReOx/C and the mobility of the Re species between the supports. High‐valent Re species such as Re7+ on the CeO2 and C supports are mobile in the solvent; however, low‐valent Re species, including metallic Re species, have much lower mobility. Metallic Re and cationic low‐valent Re species with high reducibility and low mobility can be present on the carbon support as a trigger for H2 activation and promoter of the reduction of Re species on CeO2. The presence of noble metals such as Au can enhance the reducibility through the activation of H2 molecules on the noble metal and the formation of spilt‐over hydrogen over noble metal/CeO2, as indicated by H2 temperature‐programmed reduction. The higher reducibility of ReOx–Au/CeO2 lowers the DODH activity of ReOx–Au/CeO2+ReOx/C in comparison with ReOx/CeO2+ReOx/C by restricting the movement of Re species from C to CeO2.
Amorphous Cobalt Iron Borate Grown on Carbon Paper as a Precatalyst for Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Huibing , Yang Liu , Qiao Kangwei , Zheng Lirong , Cao Xiaohua , Cao Dapeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe key to improving water oxidation is to develop efficient and earth‐abundant catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a new amorphous cobalt iron borate supported on 3D carbon paper integrated electrode is reported as a precatalyst for the OER, which was synthesized by using a one‐pot hydrothermal method. An optimum OER activity was obtained at 25 % Fe doping by screening the compositions of the Co and Fe. The best synthesized catalyst needs an overpotential of 227 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and also exhibits a long‐term durability of 24 h. Impressively, we find that CoFe oxyhydroxide was formed in situ in the OER process, which serves as the real catalytic active species for OER. Moreover, the direct conversion from CoFe borate to CoFe oxyhydroxide is reported for the first time in metal borate OER catalysts. The discovery in this work, that is, that metal borate as a precursor can efficiently catalyze the OER in alkaline media, significantly widens the family of OER catalysts.
Seasonal variations in food resource partitioning among four sympatric gudgeon species in the upper Yangtze River
Authors: Liu Fei , Wang Jianwei , Liu Huanzhang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractKnowledge of food resource partitioning among sympatric fish species is crucial for understanding the potential mechanisms of species coexistence. Gudgeons (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Gobioninae) often dominate fish assemblages in the upper Yangtze River. However, little research has been conducted on their trophic interactions. In this paper, seasonal diet and feeding strategy variations of four sympatric gudgeon species,Coreius guichenoti,Coreius heterodon,Rhinogobio ventralis,andRhinogobio cylindricus, were investigated by analysis of intestinal tract contents, aiming to explore whether food resource partitioning occurred among them. Fish specimens were collected during spring (April–May) and autumn (August–October) in 2010 in Hejiang, a free‐flowing stretch of the upper Yangtze River.Coreius guichenoti,C. heterodon,andR. cylindricusshowed omnivorous feeding habits, whileR. ventralisexhibited an obligate carnivore feeding habit. Diet overlap among the four studied species was high, especially in spring. However, changes in feeding strategies were observed in autumn. Specifically,C. guichenotiandR. cylindricusexpanded their dietary niche breadth and consumed detritus, Sinopotamidae or Hydropsychidae as important complementary food resources. In contrast,C. heterodonandR. ventralisreduced their dietary niche breadth and became more specialized on mussels (Limnoperna lacustris). These results confirmed that sympatric fish species can coexist with high diet overlap, and food resource partitioning among these species may also fluctuate with the seasons.
Land‐use in Europe affects land snail assemblages directly and indirectly by modulating abiotic and biotic drivers
Authors: Wehner Katja , Renker Carsten , Brückner Adrian , Simons Nadja K. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: May 2019

AbstractType and intensity of land‐use vary in space and time and strongly contribute to changes in richness and composition of species communities. In this study, we examined land snail communities in forests and grasslands in three regions of Germany. We aimed to quantify the extent to which snail density, diversity, and community composition in forests and grasslands are determined by (1) land‐use intensity, (2) abiotic drivers and (3) biotic substrates, and (4) whether these effects are consistent across regions. In total, we collected 15,607 snail individuals belonging to 71 species and analyzed both direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling. Snail densities and their local diversity varied across regions and between forest and grassland habitats within a region albeit with contrasting trends. Community composition also differed among regions—more strongly in forests than in grasslands—and each habitat had unique species (18 in forests, 21 in grasslands). In general, the direct impact of land‐use on snail density, diversity, and community structure was on average nine (forests) and seven (grasslands) times lower than the impact of abiotic drivers and biotic substrates which both affected snail assemblages about equally. However, land‐use factors had indirect effects on snail responses through abiotic variables such as soil moisture and soil pH. Furthermore, land‐use factors also had indirect effects via changing biotic substrates, such as plant cover in grasslands and deadwood cover in forests. Our results show that land snails strongly respond to environmental gradients and add an important indicator taxon to the current evidence of land‐use impacts, highlighting the complexity of direct and indirect effects via biotic and abiotic drivers across regions in Central Europe.
Exercise and the dipeptidyl‐peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin do not improve beta‐cell function and glucose homeostasis in long‐lasting type 1 diabetes—A randomised open‐label study
Authors: Seelig Eleonora , Trinh Beckey , Hanssen Henner , Schmidt‐Trucksäss Arno , Ellingsgaard Helga , Christ‐Crain Mirjam , Donath Marc Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing evidence points to beta‐cell regeneration in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) at all stages of the disease. Exercise and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) independently improve beta‐cell function and glucose homeostasis in animal studies and in clinical trials in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Whether a combination of both, exercise and GLP‐1, induces a similar effect in individuals with long‐lasting type 1 DM remains to be investigated.MethodsIn an open‐label study, participants with long‐standing type 1 DM were randomly assigned to oral sitagliptin 100 mg daily for 12 weeks in combination with or without an exercise intervention. The primary end‐point was change in the area under the concentration‐time curve of C‐peptide during a mixed meal tolerance test before and after 12 weeks of intervention.ResultsA total of 24 participants were included in the study and treated with sitagliptin, 12 participants were allocated to a 12‐week exercise intervention. After 12 weeks, there was no difference in the change of AUC C‐peptide between groups (exercise: 0 [−1424 to 1870], no exercise: 2091 [283‐17 434]; P = 0.09). HDL improved in the exercise intervention group compared to the group with sitagliptin only (exercise: 0.11 [−0.09 to 0.27]; no exercise: −0.18 [−0.24 to 0.01]; P = 0.04). AUC glucose was numerically slightly lower in the exercise intervention group but this did not translate into changes in HbA1c.ConclusionThe combination of exercise and sitagliptin had no effect on beta‐cell function in individuals with long‐lasting type 1 DM.
Current status and key factors for coalbed methane development with multibranched horizontal wells in the southern Qinshui basin of China
Authors: Chen Shida , Tang Dazhen , Tao Shu , Yang Yanhui , Chen Longwei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Qinshui basin is the most successful area for coalbed methane (CBM) development in China. Since 2008, 45 multibranched horizontal wells (MBHWs) have been put into production in the Fanzhuang block, of which 10 wells have an average daily gas rate (DGR) of >10 000 m3/d. Well 4‐5 with the total gas production of 1.054 × 108 m3achieved the China's highestDGRof 63 744 m3/d. Compared with vertical wells,MBHWis an effective way to developCBMin low permeability reservoirs in China. However, there are still 23 wells have an averageDGRof <3000 m3/d, of which 18 wells are below 1000 m3/d. The results show that shallow depth (<600 m), high gas content (>16 m3/t) and saturation (>80%), long coal seam interval (>3000 m), reasonable branch spread, and stable wellbore are the basis for achieving high production. The encountered faults connected to the aquifer will cause a high water production and an extremely low gas rate (<1000 m3/d). In the inclined coal seam, the up‐dipMBHWis more favorable for the formation water drainage and the pressure drop funnel expansion than the down‐dipMBHW, and the horizontal well should be drilled perpendicular to the high‐permeability direction to achieve a higher recovery ratio.MBHWis more sensitivity to drainage rate due to the coal fine migration in the horizontal segments, and the high pressure drop rate will lead to high frequency of stunk pump and eventually affect the gas production. Currently, the biggest challenge forCBMdevelopment withMBHWis wellbore stability. 57% of inefficient wells are caused by wellbore collapse during drilling and production processes. Here, a new type of “Roof Drilling‐Tree Shaped” horizontal well structure was presented in this work. The first “Roof Drilling‐Tree Shaped” horizontal well with a total length of 12 288 m and a coal seam interval of 9408 m was successfully applied without drilling accidents.