bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Potential Progressive Course of Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Golabi Pegah , Epstein Robert S. , Strauss Marcie E. , Nader Fatema , Racila Andrei 
Published: August 2018

Background and Aims:
Although relatively, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an important cause of nonalcoholic chronic liver disease which may lead to liver transplantation. PBC patients with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥1.5× the upper limit of normal (ULN) tend to have a more aggressive course. The study was designed to identify factors associated with ALP≥1.5×ULN or cirrhosis in PBC and to evaluate concomitant health care resource utilization.

Methods:
We used a large real-world database that contained comprehensive and continuous electronic medical recored/claims data from over 500 health care practices or systems from the United States.

Results:
Of 195 million patients included in the database, 36,317 were adults with PBC. After applying exclusion criteria, 15,875 patients comprised the final PBC cohort (63.0±13.5 y, 78% female, 71% privately insured, 5% covered by Medicaid, 57% with other autoimmune diseases, 46% with cirrhosis); 6083 (38%) had ALP≥1.5×ULN. Patients with ALP≥1.5×ULN were more frequently female, less covered by Medicaid, had more pruritus, cirrhosis, and other autoimmune diseases (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, older age, female gender, the presence of other autoimmune diseases, and having compensated or decompensated cirrhosis were independently associated with having ALP≥1.5×ULN in PBC (P<0.05). In contrast, being male was associated with higher risk of cirrhosis in PBC [odds ratio 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.1-2.5)]. Patients with ALP≥1.5×ULN and/or with cirrhosis also incurred substantially more health care resource utilization (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Many clinical, sociodemographic, and economic factors are associated with a potentially more aggressive profile of PBC with elevated ALP. These data may inform clinicians to implement management strategies to optimize care of these patients.
Brainwriting Premortem
Authors: Gilmartin Heather , Lawrence Emily , Leonard Chelsea , McCreight Marina , Kelley Lynette , Lippmann Brandi , Coy Andrew , Burke Robert E. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Many health care interventions encounter implementation challenges because of inadequate stakeholder engagement and identification of barriers. The brainwriting premortem technique is the silent sharing of written ideas about why an intervention failed. The method can engage stakeholders and identify barriers more efficiently than traditional brainstorming focus groups.

Purpose:
We evaluated the method during a transition of care intervention in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). Clinicians from 10 VA facilities participated in 10 brainwriting premortem sessions.

Methods:
Using descriptive and content analytic methods, we assessed the quantity and quality of ideas generated, facilitator experience, and participant psychological safety.

Results:
In total, 217 unique ideas were generated. Many were deemed high quality. The written data were immediately available for analysis, allowing rapid feedback and real-time decision making. Participants reported high satisfaction and psychological safety.

Conclusion:
The brainwriting premortem approach is a novel, efficient alternative to brainstorming focus groups that can rapidly inform program implementation at minimal cost.
Tobacco Retailers Near Schools and the Violations of Tobacco Retailing Laws in Thailand
Authors: Phetphum Chakkraphan , Noosorn Narongsak 
Published: August 2018

Context:
A growing body of evidence indicates that the location of tobacco retailers may influence tobacco access among youths.

Objective:
The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the proximity of tobacco retailers to schools and the violations of tobacco retailing laws.

Design:
A cross-sectional survey research.

Main Outcome Measures:
We applied geographical information system to measure the proximity between tobacco retailers and schools and linked them with self-report surveys concerning the violations of tobacco retailing laws. We then tested the relationship between the proximity of tobacco retailers within 500 m of schools and the violations of tobacco retailing laws by the χ2 test.

Participants:
All tobacco retailers (121 shops) and schools (14 schools) (covering 5 levels: 2 primary schools, 6 primary-middle schools, 3 secondary schools, 2 vocational schools, and 1 university) in a town municipality in Thailand.

Results:
Most tobacco retailers were most densely located around primary schools and located less than 500 m away from schools (47.1%), and most of them had violated the tobacco retailing laws. In addition, it was found that the tobacco retailers that were located less than 500 m away from schools allowed customers to do a self-service (P = .04). Nonetheless, the tobacco shops that were far away from schools, more than 500 m, were likely to sell the cigarettes in sticks (P = .04).

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that Thai young people may be at a particularly high risk of tobacco-related problems due to high exposure to tobacco retailers and sales near their educational institutions. We support the possibility of zoning restrictions that can be used to prohibit the operation of tobacco retailers close to schools.
Comparative Effects of Different Assistance Force During Robot-Assisted Gait Training on Locomotor Functions in Patients With Subacute Stroke
Authors: Park In Jae , Park Ji-Ho , Seong Hyun Yong , You Joshua (Sung) Hyun , Kim So Jung , Min Ji Hong , Ko Hyun Yoon , Shin Yong-Il 
Published: August 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of progressive reducing assistance force versus full assistance force controlled robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy on locomotor functions in patients with subacute stroke.

Design
Inpatients with subacute stroke (N = 29; 16 men; Functional Ambulation Category score = 1 ± 0.9) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a progressive reducing assistance force group (n = 15) or a full assistance force group (n = 14). The progressive reducing assistance force group performed robot-assisted gait training sessions from 100% assistance force at the outset to 60% assistance force at the end of the robot-assisted gait training, whereas the full assistance force group received 100% assistance force throughout the robot-assisted gait training sessions. Both groups performed robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy 5 days a week for 4 wks. After intervention, all patients then underwent only conventional physiotherapy 5 days a week for 4 wks of follow-up.

Results
The Mann–Whitney U test between-group comparisons showed that improvements were significantly greater in the progressive reducing assistance force group for the Functional Ambulation Category, knee extensors torque, and Berg Balance Scale relative to the full assistance force group, both at postintervention and at follow-up.

Conclusions
Progressive reducing assistance force control during robot-assisted gait training combined with conventional physiotherapy may be more beneficial for improving locomotor functions in patients with subacute stroke.
Forecasting seasonal influenza in the U.S.: A collaborative multi-year, multi-model assessment of forecast performance
Authors: Reich Nicholas G , Brooks Logan , Fox Spencer , Kandula Sasikiran , McGowan Craig , Moore Evan , Osthus Dave , Ray Evan , Tushar Abhinav , Yamana Teresa , Biggerstaff Matthew , Johansson Michael A , Rosenfeld Roni , Shaman Jeffrey 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInfluenza infects an estimated 9 to 35 million individuals each year in the United States and is a contributing cause for between 12,000 and 56,000 deaths annually. Seasonal outbreaks of influenza are common in temperate regions of the world, with highest incidence typically occurring in colder and drier months of the year. Real-time forecasts of influenza transmission can inform public health response to outbreaks. We present the results of a multi-institution collaborative effort to standardize the collection and evaluation of forecasting models for influenza in the US for the 2010/2011 through 2016/2017 influenza seasons. For these seven seasons, we assembled weekly real-time forecasts of 7 targets of public health interest from 22 different models. We compared forecast accuracy of each model relative to a historical baseline seasonal average. Across all regions of the US, over half of the models showed consistently better performance than the historical baseline when forecasting incidence of influenza-like illness 1, 2 and 3 weeks ahead of available data and when forecasting the timing and magnitude of the seasonal peak. In some regions, delays in data reporting were strongly and negatively associated with forecast accuracy. More timely reporting and an improved overall accessibility to novel and traditional data sources are needed to improve forecasting accuracy and its integration with real-time public health decision-making.
Epigenetic factors coordinate intestinal development
Authors: Ganz Julia , Melancon Ellie , Wilson Catherine , Amores Angel , Batzel Peter , Strader Marie , Braasch Ingo , Diba Parham , Kuhlman Julie A. , Postlethwait John H. , Eisen Judith S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntestinal epithelium development depends on epigenetic modifications, but whether that is also the case for other intestinal tract cell types remains unclear. We found that functional loss of a DNA methylation machinery component,ubiquitin-like protein containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (uhrf1),leads to reduced enteric neuron number, changes in neuronal morphology, and severe intestinal smooth muscle disruption. Genetic chimeras revealed that Uhrf1 functions both cell-autonomously in enteric neuron progenitors and cell-non-autonomously in surrounding intestinal cells. Uhrf1 recruits the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 to unmethylated DNA during replication. Dnmt1 is also expressed in enteric neuron and smooth muscle progenitors.dnmt1mutants show a strong reduction in enteric neuron number and disrupted intestinal smooth muscle. Becausednmt1;uhrf1double mutants have a similar phenotype todnmt1anduhrf1single mutants, Dnmt1 and Uhrf1 must function together during enteric neuron and intestinal muscle development. This work shows that genes controlling epigenetic modifications are important in coordinating intestinal tract development, provides the first demonstration that these genes are important in ENS development, and advancesuhrf1anddnmt1as potential new Hirschsprung disease candidates.SummaryThis work provides evidence that DNA methylation factors are important in all cell types that contribute to development of a functional intestine.
Integrated modeling of peptide digestion and detection for the prediction of proteotypic peptides in targeted proteomics
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Chang Cheng , Zhu Yunping , Fu Yan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMotivationThe selection of proteotypic peptides, i.e., detectable unique representatives of proteins of interest, is a key step in targeted shotgun proteomics. To date, much effort has been made to predict proteotypic peptides in the absence of mass spectrometry data. However, the performance of existing tools is still unsatisfactory. One crucial reason is their neglect of the close relationship between protein proteolytic digestion and peptide detection.ResultsWe present an algorithm (named AP3) that firstly considers peptide digestion probability as a feature for proteotypic peptide prediction and demonstrated peptide digestion probability is the most important feature for accurate prediction of proteotypic peptides. AP3 showed higher accuracy than existing tools and accurately predicted the proteotypic peptides for a targeted proteomics assay, showing its great potential for assisting the design of targeted proteomics experiments.Availability and ImplementationFreely available at http://fugroup.amss.ac.cn/software/AP3/AP3.html.Contactyfu@amss.ac.cn or zhuyunping@gmail.comSupplementary InformationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cardiovascular responses to antigravity muscle loading during head-down tilt at rest and after dynamic exercises
Authors: Alessandro Cristiano , Tafreshi Amirehsan Sarabadani , Riener Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe physiological processes underlying hemodynamic homeostasis can be modulated by muscle activity and gravitational loading. The effects of antigravity muscle activity on cardiovascular regulation has been observed during orthostatic stress. Here, we evaluated such effects during head-down tilt (HDT). In this posture, the gravitational gradient along the body is different than in upright position, leading to increased central blood volume and reduced venous pooling. We compared the cardiovascular signals obtained with and without antigravity muscle loading during HDT in healthy human subjects, both at rest and during recovery from leg-press exercises. Further, we compared such cardiovascular responses to those obtained during upright position. We found that loading the antigravity muscles during HDT at rest led to significantly higher values of arterial blood pressure than without muscle loading, and restored systolic values to those observed during upright posture. Maintaining muscle loading post-exercise altered the short-term cardiovascular responses, but not the values of the signals five minutes after the exercise. These results demonstrate that antigravity muscle activity modulates cardiovascular regulation during HDT. This modulation should therefore be considered when interpreting cardiovascular responses to conditions that affect both gravity loading and muscle activity, for example bed rest or microgravity.
The association between adiposity and inpatient hospital costs in the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Dixon Padraig , Davey Smith George , Hollingworth William 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh adiposity is associated with higher risks for a variety of adverse health outcomes, including higher rates of age-adjusted mortality and increased morbidity. This has important implications for the management of healthcare systems, since the endocrinal, cardiometabolic and other changes associated with increased adiposity may be associated with substantial healthcare costs.MethodsWe studied the association between various measures of adiposity and inpatient hospital costs through record linkage between UK Biobank and records of inpatient care in England and Wales. UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort study that aimed to recruit men and women aged between 40 and 69 from 2006 to 2010. We applied generalised linear models to cost per person year to estimate the marginal effect and averaged adjusted predicted cost of adiposity on inpatient costs.ResultsValid cost and body mass index (BMI) data from 457,689 participants were available for inferential analysis. Some 54.4% of individuals included in the analysis sample had positive inpatient healthcare costs over the period of follow-up. Median hospital costs per person year of follow-up were £89, compared to mean costs of £481. Mean BMI overall was 27.4 kg/m2 (standard deviation 4.8). The marginal effect of a unit increase in BMI was £13.61 (99% confidence interval: £12.60 to £14.63) per person year of follow up. The marginal effect of a standard deviation increase in BMI was £69.20 (99% confidence interval: £64.98 to £73.42). The marginal effect of becoming obese was £136.35 (99% confidence interval: £124.62 to £148.08). Average adjusted predicted inpatient hospital costs increased almost linearly when modelled using continuous measure of adiposity. Sensitivity analysis of different scenarios did not substantially change these conclusions, although there was some evidence of attenuation of the effects of adiposity when controlling for waist-hip ratios, and when individuals who self-reported any pre-existing conditions were excluded from analysis.ConclusionsHigher adiposity is associated with higher inpatient hospital costs. Further scrutiny using causal inferential methods is warranted to establish if further public health investments are required to manage the large healthcare costs observationally associated with overweight and obesity.
Information behaviour of architecture students in creative design projects
Authors: Meyer Anika , Fourie Ina 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on an exploratory study of third-year architecture students’ information behaviour. It focusses on information activities, personal experience, resource usage, preferences in working individually or collaboratively, preferences for information resources inspiring creativity and physical spaces to be creative.Design/methodology/approachIt was a mixed methods study with a strongly qualitative component and limited descriptive quantitative data. Data were collected in October 2016 at a South African university using individual self-administered questionnaires and semi-structured individual interviews; 19 out of 60 (response rate 32 per cent) third-year architecture students doing a design project participated.FindingsCreativity is important in architecture projects, as is information resources in stimulating creativity. Students preferred to work individually during their design projects; at times collaboration was needed for idea generation. Information activities included: information gathering, encountering, use and sharing. A range of theoretical, technical, artistic and practical skills and knowledge must be integrated to produce creative outcomes, in addition, to information searching and information usage. Factual information is also required. Students can benefit from a supportive information rich creative space (physical or virtual).Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted at only one institution with a small number of participants. Although generalisation of findings is not possible, issues for further research can be noted.Practical implicationsDesigners of physical and virtual creative spaces must take into account different facets of information behaviour and the information resources and services required during creative information-seeking activities.Originality/valueAlthough there is literature on information behaviour and creativity, the authors could not find any that explores architecture students’ information behaviour in academic spaces of creativity.
Young children’s perceptions of branded healthy fast food
Authors: Kellershohn Julie , Walley Keith , Vriesekoop Frank 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of branding on healthy fast food items.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 20 children (age 4–6) performed one open sort and four closed card sorts about food preferences, perceived healthiness and perceived parental preferences using branded and non-branded food image cards. Descriptive statistics were calculated and major themes were identified from the verbatim transcripts.

Findings
The children chose whole fruit over branded and bagged apple slices, stating whole fruit would be tastier, healthier and more likely parent approved. When apples were sliced and bagged, perceived taste and healthiness perceptions were variable. Packaged foods were more challenging for the children to conceptualize. Presented with eight options, french fries were the favorite choice as the children did not believe fruit or vegetable side dishes should accompany a cheeseburger.

Research limitations/implications
Only children’s perceptions and not actual eating behaviors were measured. It was a small sample (n=20) with limited sample diversity that would not be representative of all children.

Practical implications
Packaging and branding a healthy food item with a fast food logo did not increase the item’s appeal to the children. Branding healthy foods in this manner may not lead to increased consumption.

Originality/value
The impact of branding healthy items on very young children’s perceptions has rarely been examined. Most of the research on branded food items has focused on high calorie processed foods. Using a card sort exercise allowed children, too young to read and write, to articulate similarities, differences and motivations around food preferences.
Investigating the nutrient content of food prepared in popular children’s TV cooking shows
Authors: Ngqangashe Yandisa , de Backer Charlotte , Matthys Christophe , Hermans Nina 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the nutritional content of recipes prepared in popular children’s television (TV) cooking shows.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional analysis of 150 recipes focusing on calorie, total fat and carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids, fibre, sugar, protein and salt content was performed. Main course recipes were evaluated against the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA), and the proportions of energy derived from each nutrient were evaluated against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.FindingsWhile a significant proportion met the FSA and WHO recommendations for energy and salt, 58 per cent were above the FSA recommendation for total fat (χ2=5.598,p=0.01), 56 per cent failed to meet the recommendations for saturated fatty acids (χ2=4.551,p=0.03) and 60 per cent exceeded the FSA protein recommendations (χ2=12.602,p<0.001). Only 17 and 21 per cent of the recipes met the minimum recommendations for carbohydrates (χ2=30.429,p<0.001) and fibre (χ2=16.909,p<0.001), respectively. Only 37 per cent had adequate portion of fruits and vegetables. The nutritional content varied depending on the composition of the recipes; vegetarian recipes were more likely to meet the recommendations than poultry, meat or fish recipes.Research limitations/implicationsFoods displayed by children’s popular TV cooking show fall short of the standards for healthy eating, thus warranting further research on how these shows affect eating behaviour.Originality/valueThis study is the first to consider children’s TV cooking shows as a platform of exposure to unhealthy foods.
Public reporting on food safety incidents in China: intention and its determinants
Authors: Yin Shijiu , Li Ying , Chen Yusheng , Wu Linhai , Yan Jiang 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence food safety reporting intention and behaviour of the public.

Design/methodology/approach
Data used in this study came from a questionnaire survey conducted in Shandong Province, China. The 642 qualified samples were analysed through structural equation model based on the expanded theory of planned behaviour to study public food safety reporting behaviour and its influencing factors.

Findings
Results indicated that participation attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and moral norm had significantly positive effects on public reporting intention, which had a direct effect on behaviour. Among subjective norm, descriptive norm had a more significant influence on the intention to report than injunctive norm. PBC indirectly affected reporting behaviour through participation intention, and directly affected participation behaviour. Socio-demographic variables had significant influence on participation attitude, injunctive norm and PBC, whereas these variables had no influence on descriptive norm and moral norm.

Originality/value
This research is of academic value and of value to policy makers. To promote public participation in food safety reporting, the government should consider influencing factors of food safety reporting.