bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widely acclaimed but poorly named: Phylogeny and systematics of the African daisy genus Dimorphotheca (Asteraceae, Calenduleae)
Authors: Parker Thaabiet , Verboom G. Anthony , Ellis Allan G. , Manning John C. , Bergh Nicola G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships in the South African daisy genus Dimorphotheca have long been uncertain, with the taxonomy of the genus relying on a few morphological traits, most prominently capitulum sexual system (e.g., cypsela type) and ray colour, which may not be evolutionarily conserved. Here we present the first well‐sampled molecular phylogeny of Dimorphotheca, based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS) and plastid trnL‐trnF region DNA sequences from multiple accessions per species. Although the relationships suggested by these markers are broadly congruent, we do find some instances of incongruence which we resolve using a combined decomposition and deletion approach. Using our best estimate of phylogenetic relationships, we reconstruct the evolution of capitulum fertility and ray colour to assess the evolutionary conservatism of these traits and their taxonomic utility. We find support for the monophyly of Dimorphotheca, excluding the recently segregated Osteospermum polypterum, and our data thus support the modern, enlarged circumscription of the genus incorporating the former genus Castalis and Osteospermum sect. Acanthotheca and O. sect. Blaxium. Major subclades within Dimorphotheca are largely cohesive in terms of geographic distribution and morphological traits such as growth form and cypsela structure. While many species are resolved as monophyletic, the polyphyly of a few species suggests a need for taxonomic re‐evaluation. On the basis of both morphological and molecular data, we describe one new species, and elevate one variety to species level. A full taxonomic key to the enlarged genus is presented for the first time. Ancestral reconstructions show that capitulum sexual system and ray lamina colour are not evolutionarily conserved and that neither can therefore be used to delimit major lineages within Dimorphotheca. While our findings resolve some taxonomic problems, they also highlight the need for further species‐level taxonomic work on Dimorphotheca.
Pnictogen and Chalcogen Salts as Alkylating Agents
Authors: Campos Philipe Raphael O. , Alberto Eduardo E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlkylation reactions and their products are considered crucial in various contexts. Synthetically, the alkylation of a nucleophile is usually promoted using hazardous alkyl halides. Here, we aim to highlight the potential of pnictogen (ammonium or phosphonium) and chalcogen salts (sulfonium, selenonium, and telluronium) to function as alkylating agents. These compounds can be considered as non‐volatile electrophilic alkyl reservoirs. We will center our discussion on the strategies developed in recent years to expand the synthetic utility of these salts in terms of transferable alkyl groups, substrate scope, and product selectivity.
Twenty‐year follow‐up of a randomized clinical trial of unilateral thyroid lobectomy with or without postoperative levothyroxine treatment
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Gołkowski Filip , Hubalewska‐Dydejczyk Alicja , Konturek Aleksander 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to validate in 20‐year follow‐up (FU) the outcomes reported in World J Surg 2010; 34(6):1232–8 on recurrent nodular goiter in the contralateral thyroid lobe among patients after thyroid lobectomy (TL) for multinodular goiter (MNG) receiving versus not receiving postoperative prophylactic levothyroxine (LT4) treatment.MethodsSome 150 consenting patients underwent TL for MNG in 2000–2003. They were randomized to two groups, 75 patients each: (a) receiving prophylactic LT4 treatment postoperatively (dose range 75–125 microg/day to maintain thyroid‐stimulating hormone values within 0.27–1.0 mU/L), and (b) not receiving LT4. Sixty‐month FU was extended to 240 months for all the consenting patients. The primary outcome was prevalence of recurrent goiter. The secondary outcome was re‐intervention rate for recurrent goiter. The outcomes were stratified according to individual iodine metabolism status assessed by urinary iodine excretion.ResultsDuring the 5‐year FU (5 patients were lost) recurrent goiter was found in patients receiving versus not receiving LT4 in 1.4% versus 16.7% (p = 0.001) whereas during 20‐year FU (29 patients were lost) it was 3.3% versus 30.0% of patients, respectively (p = 0.031). During 20‐year FU 4.9% versus 30.0%, respectively, of patients receiving versus not receiving LT4 required contralateral thyroid lobe treatment/surgery (p = 0.028). LT4 decreased recurrence rate among iodine‐deficient patients (10.0% vs. 70.0%, respectively; p = 0.037) but not among iodine‐sufficient patients (0.0% vs. 10.0%, respectively; p = 0.056).ConclusionsTwenty‐year FU data confirmed that prophylactic LT4 treatment significantly decreased the recurrence of nodular goiter and the need for completion intervention/surgery, mostly among patients with iodine deficiency.
Reacting to Demoralization and Investigating the Experience of Dignity in Psychosis: Reflections from an Acute Psychiatric Ward
Authors: Belvederi Murri Martino , Folesani Federica , Nanni Maria Giulia , Grassi Luigi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPsychotic disorders are extremely challenging for individuals and their loved ones. The experience of psychosis, as is found in schizophrenia, may subvert the foundations of the individual’s relationship with the world. Irrespective of the theoretical frame of reference, psychotic episodes are characterized by intrinsic impairment of the individual ability to know, make sense of, and experience the world, thus limiting agency and threatening dignity. In addition, individuals with acute psychosis are generally cared for within institutions that entail some degree of separation from society (e.g. the psychiatric ward) and—in extreme cases—with coercive practices. Coercion is established by the law as a “necessary evil” to avoid risky outcomes and to achieve clinical improvements, i.e. recover a better contact with reality. However, this approach may engender situations that are detrimental for individual dignity, morale, and epistemic justice. During the emergence of acute severe mental illness and its treatment, individuals may in fact encounter stigmatization and marginalization, and experience stress, loss of agency and loss of dignity. After one or more hospital admissions, the experience of severe mental illness and the conditions related to treatment may engender demoralization, which is particularly detrimental in the long term and may increase the risk of suicide. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the available evidence on these topics and broad indications on strategies and therapeutic approaches that might improve the experience of psychiatric inpatient care.
Resisting Perceptions of Patient Untrustworthiness
Authors: Palafox-Harris Eleanor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA beneficial therapeutic relationship between a patient and their clinician requires mutual trust. In order to effectively treat someone, a clinician has to trust the patient’s reports of their symptoms, relevant experiences, medical history, and so on. Many psychiatric symptoms do not have physical markers that can be verified by clinical testing, and thus psychiatrists have to accept more on trust than clinicians treating somatic illnesses. However, many psychiatric diagnoses are stereotypically associated with traits that indicate untrustworthiness (such as irrationality). In this chapter, I illustrate how psychiatric labels can signal stereotypes of untrustworthiness, and how this can have repercussions in clinical contexts. In particular, I show how perceptions of untrustworthiness cause epistemic injustices by unfairly reducing the perceived epistemic credibility of patients with psychiatric conditions.
Promoting Good Living and Social Health in Dementia
Authors: Chattat Rabih , Trolese Sara , Chirico Ilaria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe notion of good living in chronic disease in general and, in the case of dementia specifically, highlights the role of social health in preserving the well-being of the people involved. In ageing ageism, discrimination toward older adults is considered an important barrier against involvement in society. In the case of dementia, stigmatisation can have an impact on the person affected, on the family, on healthcare services, and on society more widely. Examples of the impact of discrimination are related to diagnosis disclosure, advance care planning, and the involvement of people with dementia in decision-making about their future treatment. Furthermore, the labelling of the behaviour of people with dementia as a disorder is a way to pathologise it and does not take into account the role of relationships and the social context as a drive for the behaviour itself. As a result of the stigmatisation and the labelling, people with dementia experience epistemic injustice as they are considered neither partners in the decision-making process nor full members of society. A capability-based approach is needed to promote good living and social participation in people with dementia.
Teil B: Rekonstruktion
Authors: Großmann Tobias Santosh 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Rekonstruktion der Migrationsbewegungen für den Zeitraum von 1960 bis 1971 erfolgt chronologisch durch eine Dokumentenanalyse relevanter Quellen aus Staats-, Kirchen- und Privatarchiven unter Anwendung historisch-kritischer Methoden. Diese Primärquellen werden durch verfügbare Sekundärliteratur ergänzt. Dabei wird aufgezeigt, wie die Migrationsbewegungen zunächst im Kirchenraum eingeleitet wurden und sich anschließend über die hybride Nirmala-Aktion in die staatsrechtliche Dimension transformierten. Darüber hinaus bietet dieser Teil einen Ausblick auf die Entwicklungen nach 1971.
Euclidean wormholes in holographic RG flows
Authors: Chandra Jeevan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe a one-parameter family of Euclidean wormhole solutions with the topology of a compact hyperbolic space times an interval in Einstein gravity minimally coupled to a massless scalar field in AdSd+1 commonly referred to as Einstein-dilaton gravity. These solutions are locally described by the same metric and dilaton profile as the single-boundary Janus domain wall solutions in the same theory which are usually studied in the context of holographic RG flows. The wormholes compute the averaged product of partition functions of CFTs on either boundary deformed by different marginal couplings to the scalar operator dual to the dilaton. We observe that the renormalised volumes of these wormholes increase monotonically with the difference in the marginal couplings on the boundary thereby showing that the pair of CFTs on the boundaries get increasingly decorrelated as the difference in the marginal couplings increases. We use the partition functions of the three-dimensional wormhole solutions to determine the variance of the OPE data of local operators between the marginally deformed 2d CFTs and quantify how the variance decays with the difference in marginal couplings. In addition, a family of wormholes sourced by a thin shell of dust determine how the variance of the matrix elements of the dual line defect decays with the difference in marginal couplings. Applying the GKPW dictionary to wormholes, we compute averages of integrated dilaton correlators treating the wormhole amplitude as a functional of the dilaton sources. We observe that the crossed two-point correlators with a dilaton insertion on either boundary decay monotonically with the difference in marginal couplings consistent with the observation that the CFTs increasingly decorrelate as the difference in marginal couplings grows.
Flat-Slab Mechanics Transforming Double-Arc Expressions Along the Middle America Trench
Authors: Hashimoto Chihiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe southeast–northwest variation in the trench–volcano distance along the Middle America subduction zone is widely recognised to be due to the horizontal (flat) geometry of the descending Cocos plate (slab) in its northwestern part. In the topographic and gravitational expressions, the southeastern segment forms doubled low–high (i.e. trench–continental shelf edge–oceanic basin–volcanic arc) belts, whereas the northwestern segment forms wide doubled low–high belts. To define their attribution, the surface uplift rates were computed from a two-dimensional dislocation-based subduction model with hypocentre-based plate interface geometries. The trench-perpendicular plate-interface profiles exhibited similar curvature compositions, which were reflected in three (shallow, moderate depth and deep) convexities (downward bends) and one concavity (upward bend) between the moderate-depth and deep convex sections. The steady subduction along the first and second positive curvatures (shallow and moderate-depth convexities) in the southeastern and northwestern segments could serve as mechanical sources of short-wavelength double-arc formation. The latter two (negative and third positive) curvatures (concavity and deep convexity) in the northwestern segment produced distinct features including the narrow continental shelf, large trench–volcanic-arc distance and relevant long-wavelength double arcs. This was attributed to the direct contact of the flat elastic slab with the overriding plate.
Influence of the laser power and powder feed rate on the porosity, dilution, and building efficiency of pure copper parts fabricated via directed energy deposition with a blue laser
Authors: Yamaguchi Mitsugu , Kato Naoki , Funada Yoshinori , Yachi Taisei , Saikai Ayahito , Furumoto Tatsuaki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examined single- and multilayer formations in the directed energy deposition for manufacturing pure copper parts using a blue laser with a wavelength of 445 nm. We investigated the influence of laser power and hatching pitch on the surface quality of single-layer structures as well as evaluated the porosity and dilution of multilayer structures fabricated at various laser powers and powder feed rates using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. In addition, the applicability of the simplified method based on the ratio of the built height and penetration depth to the AM process has been examined, and the predicted elemental content was compared with the results obtained from the SEM–EDS analysis. Based on these findings, a range of building conditions that reduce the dilution, suppress the porosity, and improve the building efficiency of the built parts was established. We found that a good surface quality of the single-layer structure was obtained at laser powers and hatching pitches ranging between 150 and 180 W and 0.4 and 0.5 mm, respectively. A higher laser power and a lower powder feed rate decreased the porosity and increased the building efficiency while promoting dilution with the substrate. At a laser power of 180 W and a powder feed rate of 10 mg/s, the built structure exhibited a minimum porosity of 0.1% and a maximum building efficiency of 36%. Dilution with the substrate was the lowest at a laser power of 180 W and a powder feed rate of 20 mg/s, and the proportion of Cu reached 99.0 wt% at a distance of 200 µm from the built structure–substrate interface. The predict method of the dilution based on the ratio between the built height and penetration depth can be integrated in the AM process despite a low prediction accuracy near the substrate due to the complex mixture in the Fe–Cu system.
Neural network–based transfer learning to improve stiffness modeling of industrial robots with small experimental data sets
Authors: Wu Kai , Zhang Yuanhui , Gao Dehua , Deng Shuhan , Li Weihua , Wang Mingfeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStiffness modeling is an essential subject for the composition of robot control. Accurate stiffness modeling is helpful for improving the control accuracy of industrial robots, particularly under dynamic load circumstances. The classic virtual joint modeling (VJM) method is challenging in predicting the deformation of the end-effector throughout the full workspace due to the nonlinear deformation of the robot joint and its serial articulated structure. This paper proposes a full-space stiffness modeling method for robots based on the integration of a multi-layer perceptual (MLP) model and VJM. To provide enough training data for the MLP model, VJM is used to build a stiffness model with a small set of experimental data to generate 106,400 training data. A model-based transfer learning approach is proposed to improve the model’s accuracy and generalization regarding the difference between generated training data and actual experimental data. The VJM stiffness model is compared with the MLP stiffness model and the existing CNN-based transfer learning model based on the same experimental data. Considering the deformation prediction in the three directions in Cartesian space, the mean absolute error, standard deviation, and maximum error of the MLP model are decreased by at least 24.90%, 14.20%, and 8.50%, respectively, than the VJM. These prediction results demonstrate that the proposed modeling technique can significantly increase the accuracy of robot stiffness modeling, which is essential for position compensation in precise motion control of robots under dynamic load.
Characterization of poly(A) and poly(T) tail lengths in plasmid DNA by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Al Turihi Nour , Allouche Delphine , Quéré Maëlle , Scuiller Mathieu , Legastelois Isabelle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRapid advances in messenger RNA (mRNA) technology necessitate effective analytical methods. This study describes the development of a novel in vitro method using ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (IP-RP-LC-HRMS) for assessing the poly(A) and complementary poly(T) tail lengths directly into the DNA template used to manufacture mRNA. Briefly, after the validation of poly(A) tail length in the plasmid by Sanger sequencing, double-stranded DNA fragments containing these tails in the plasmid of interest were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), purified on silica column, and digested with restriction enzymes ClaI and HindIII. Gel or capillary electrophoresis confirmed sample quality and enzymatic digestion efficiency. Subsequently, poly(A) and complementary poly(T) tails were extracted and analyzed by LC-MS to determine their length and heterogeneity at a single-nucleotide resolution. Three DNA templates containing poly(A) tail lengths of 60A-G, 95A, or 108A were studied. LC-MS results correlated well with Sanger sequencing, identifying major populations of 60A-G, 95A, or 108A. Surprisingly, unlike Sanger sequencing, LC-MS analysis revealed minor poly(A) populations with lengths longer or shorter than the theoretically encoded poly(A) tail length. This finding could be explained by (i) the slippage of bacterial DNA polymerase I during plasmid replication in bacterial culture, which occurs on repeat mononucleotide sequences, or (ii) the slippage of Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase during PCR amplification. In conclusion, the method is easy, rapid, and accurate and could replace Sanger sequencing to assess the poly(A) and complementary poly(T) tail lengths in plasmid DNA.
HLA-G high-expressor 3’UTR markers are linked to gastric cancer development and survival
Authors: Vaquero-Yuste Christian , Juarez Ignacio , Molina-Alejandre Marta , Molanes-López Elisa María , Gutiérrez-Calvo Alberto , López-García Adela , Lasa Inmaculada , Gómez Remedios , Arnaiz-Villena Antonio , Martín-Villa Jose Manuel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Gastric cancer ranks fifth in both world prevalence and lethality, with a 5-year survival of less than 30%. HLA-G, a non-classical class I HLA gene, has emerged as a potential marker for cancer susceptibility and prognosis due to its immunomodulatory properties. Its level of expression is regulated by polymorphisms in the 3’ untranslated region (3’UTR) polymorphisms, which form various combined haplotypes (UTR-1 to -9). In this study, we examined HLA-G 3’UTR polymorphisms in paired tissue samples from 111 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma and 119 healthy controls. Polymorphism analysis was performed using PCR and Sanger sequencing, followed by statistical analysis using SNPStats software. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models. High-expressor HLA-G 3’UTR haplotypes (UTR-1 and UTR-6) were significantly associated with gastric cancer susceptibility, indicating a potential role in tumor immune evasion. Additionally, the 14 base pair insertion/deletion polymorphism (14 bp I/D) emerged as a prognostic marker, with D/D genotype carriers showing lower survival rates compared to I/D and I/I genotype carriers. Our study highlights the clinical relevance of HLA-G polymorphisms in gastric cancer, suggesting their potential as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Further elucidation of HLA-G-related pathways could lead to personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes in gastric cancer.
Diverting ileostomy for treatment of ileoanal pouch dysfunction: a technical note
Authors: Weng Serena , Mangana Orsalia , Calabrese Pietro , Celentano Valerio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is a restorative procedure performed after proctocolectomy to improve quality of life in patients with colorectal conditions like ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and selected cases of Crohn’s disease and Lynch syndrome. However, severe pouch dysfunction can occur, often necessitating further surgical intervention.

Objective
This technical note aims to describe the operative approach and perioperative management for diverting ileostomy as a treatment for dysfunctional ileoanal pouches.

Methods
Indications for the procedure include complications such as pelvic sepsis, pouchitis, fistulas, and Crohn’s disease of the pouch. Preoperative planning involves a multidisciplinary team, stoma site marking, and imaging to assess bowel integrity. The surgical technique utilizes laparoscopic access with careful adhesiolysis to minimize bowel injury, with intraoperative pouchoscopy to identify anatomical landmarks. An ileostomy is created by selecting a tension-free small bowel segment and approximating it to a pre-marked stoma site. Attention is given to preserving bowel length to allow for potential future restorative procedures. Postoperative care focuses on stoma management and addressing ongoing pouch dysfunction symptoms.

Conclusions
Diverting ileostomy offers symptom relief for patients with pouch dysfunction while avoiding more complex procedures like pouch excision. It is a valuable option in managing pouch failure.