bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared decision‐making in peri‐operative medicine: a narrative review
Authors: Sturgess J. , Clapp J. T. , Fleisher L. A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThis review on shared decision‐making comes at a time when international healthcare policy, domestic law and patient expectation demand a bringing‐together of the patient's values and preferences with the physician's expertise to determine the best bespoke care package for the individual. Despite robust guidance in terms of consent, the anaesthetic community have lagged behind in terms of embracing the patient‐focused rather than doctor‐focused aspects of shared decision‐making. For many, confusion has arisen due to a conflation of informed consent, risk assessment, decision aids and shared decision‐making. Although they may well be linked, they are discrete entities. The obstacles to delivering shared decision‐making are many. Lack of time is the most widely cited barrier from the perspective of physicians across specialties, with little time available to the anaesthetist at the day‐of‐surgery pre‐operative visit. A more natural place to start the process may be the pre‐operative assessment clinic, especially for the ‘high‐risk’ patient. Yet shared decision‐making is for all, even the ‘low‐risk’ patient. Another barrier is the flow and the focus of the typical anaesthetic consultation; the truncated format presents the danger of a cursory, ‘time‐efficient’ and mechanical process as the anaesthetist assesses risk and determines the safest anaesthetic. As patients have already decided to proceed with therapy or investigation and may be more concerned about the surgery than the anaesthesia, it is often assumed they will accept whatever anaesthetic is offered and defer to the clinician's expertise – without discussion. Furthermore, shared decision‐making does not stop at time of anaesthesia for the peri‐operative physician. It continues until discharge and requires the anaesthetist to engage in shared decision‐making for prescribing and deprescribing peri‐operative medicines.
Let's Get Digital: Understanding Adolescent Romantic Relationships Using Naturalistic Assessments of Digital Communication
Authors: Rizzo Christie J. , Collibee Charlene , Nugent Nicole R. , Armey Michael F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdolescent romantic relationships involve complex patterns of interaction. Innovative technological advances offer opportunities to capture features and dynamics of these relationships that traditional research methods have not addressed. With the explosion of digital communication platforms (e.g., mobile texting, direct messaging, social media applications), researchers can now observe and understand adolescent relationships in vivo, offering for the first time a naturalistic lens into adolescent worlds. Recognizing this scientific opportunity, in this article, we (a) discuss the potential theoretical and methodological benefits of collecting and coding digital communication data to understand adolescent romantic relationships, (b) suggest ways to use these data to develop innovative prevention tools, and (c) address potential challenges in collecting digital communication data from adolescents.
Selective Padding for Polycube‐Based Hexahedral Meshing
Authors: Cherchi G. , Alliez P. , Scateni R. , Lyon M. , Bommes D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHexahedral meshes generated from polycube mapping often exhibit a low number of singularities but also poor‐quality elements located near the surface. It is thus necessary to improve the overall mesh quality, in terms of the minimum scaled Jacobian (MSJ) or average SJ (ASJ). Improving the quality may be obtained via global padding (or pillowing), which pushes the singularities inside by adding an extra layer of hexahedra on the entire domain boundary. Such a global padding operation suffers from a large increase of complexity, with unnecessary hexahedra added. In addition, the quality of elements near the boundary may decrease. We propose a novel optimization method which inserts sheets of hexahedra so as to perform selective padding, where it is most needed for improving the mesh quality. A sheet can pad part of the domain boundary, traverse the domain and form singularities. Our global formulation, based on solving a binary problem, enables us to control the balance between quality improvement, increase of complexity and number of singularities. We show in a series of experiments that our approach increases the MSJ value and preserves (or even improves) the ASJ, while adding fewer hexahedra than global padding.
Women, assets, and formal savings: A comparative analysis of Ecuador, Ghana and India
Authors: Doss Cheryl , Swaminathan Hema , Deere Carmen Diana , Suchitra J. Y. , Oduro Abena D. , Anglade Boaz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMotivationSavings are an important but often overlooked component of financial inclusion. While women are less active than men in the formal financial sector there is little understanding about their ability to accumulate savings.PurposeWe hypothesize that a woman’s individual economic status, measured by her property ownership, is an important driver of her ability to save.Approach and MethodsWomen are considered as savers in the formal sector only if they have savings above a minimum threshold. Three measures of women’s asset ownership are used: two capture their absolute property status and one their relative status in the household. The data are obtained from three large‐scale surveys that collected individual‐level asset data in Ecuador, Ghana and the Indian state of Karnataka. Logistic regression models are employed to examine the relationship between women’s property ownership and accumulation of savings.FindingsThe absolute value of a woman’s physical assets and her share of household physical wealth are correlated with being able to accumulate formal savings. Women’s relative wealth status is more strongly related to their savings, along with education, paid employment and group membership.ConclusionsWomen’s intrahousehold status, defined by their relative wealth, is critical to determining their ability to save in formal accounts.Policy ImplicationsInterventions that boost women’s bargaining power, by increasing their property ownership, should be encouraged, along with greater efforts to improve girls’ access to quality education. Functional literacy training for older women can both reduce barriers to accessing financial institutions and create awareness of their benefits. Constraints to women’s participation in the labour force should be removed in tandem with interventions to reduce gender earnings gaps.
Littoral habitat loss caused by multiyear drought and the response of an endemic fish species in a deep desert lake
Authors: Glassic Hayley Corrine , Gaeta Jereme William 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Multiyear drought is projected to increase in frequency and duration in arid and semiarid regions across the world, threatening native species and ecosystem function. The effects of multiyear drought are often exacerbated by human water use for consumption, energy production, and agriculture, which, in lentic ecosystems, manifest in reduced lake elevation and altered habitat for aquatic species.

Here, we demonstrate that decreasing lake levels, associated with drought and water management, reduce the availability of littoral cobble habitat to fishes by creating an elevation‐explicit littoral habitat map. We combined long‐term fish catch data and a lake elevation time series with our elevation‐explicit littoral habitat map to test whether fish species population demographics are related to drought‐driven changes in littoral habitat.

We surveyed the littoral zone of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, U.S.A., from full pool to a depth of >12 m, totalling 94.86 km2 surveyed. As lake elevation decreased >6 m from full pool to the lowest historical elevation, the area of littoral cobble decreased by >97%. Bear Lake sculpin (Cottus extensus, Cottidae), a cold‐water fish species which relies on cobble for reproduction, catch per unit effort decreased by >75% with littoral cobble, and year class strength declined by as much as 86%, but varied across age.

We predicted the response of age‐0 to age‐4 sculpin under high and low cobble availability. Our simulations predict a 60%–85% decline in juvenile sculpin CPUE (age‐2 and younger) when cobble availability decreases from the 95th to 5th percentile.

Our study provided a unique opportunity to identify quantitative linkages between climate‐driven littoral habitat loss and an ecologically important profundal fish species, expanding our understanding of potential future pathways through which climate change may affect lentic ecosystems and fishes.
Organic amendment additions to rangelands: A meta‐analysis of multiple ecosystem outcomes
Authors: Gravuer Kelly , Gennet Sasha , Throop Heather L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInterest in land application of organic amendments—such as biosolids, composts, and manures—is growing due to their potential to increase soil carbon and help mitigate climate change, as well as to support soil health and regenerative agriculture. While organic amendments are predominantly applied to croplands, their application is increasingly proposed on relatively arid rangelands that do not typically receive fertilizers or other inputs, creating unique concerns for outcomes such as native plant diversity and water quality. To maximize environmental benefits and minimize potential harms, we must understand how soil, water, and plant communities respond to particular amendments and site conditions. We conducted a global meta‐analysis of 92 studies in which organic amendments had been added to arid, semiarid, or Mediterranean rangelands. We found that organic amendments, on average, provide some environmental benefits (increased soil carbon, soil water holding capacity, aboveground net primary productivity, and plant tissue nitrogen; decreased runoff quantity), as well as some environmental harms (increased concentrations of soil lead, runoff nitrate, and runoff phosphorus; increased soil CO2emissions). Published data were inadequate to fully assess impacts to native plant communities. In our models, adding higher amounts of amendment benefitted four outcomes and harmed two outcomes, whereas adding amendments with higher nitrogen concentrations benefitted two outcomes and harmed four outcomes. This suggests that trade‐offs among outcomes are inevitable; however, applying low‐N amendments was consistent with both maximizing benefits and minimizing harms. Short study time frames (median 1–2 years), limited geographic scope, and, for some outcomes, few published studies limit longer‐term inferences from these models. Nevertheless, they provide a starting point to develop site‐specific amendment application strategies aimed toward realizing the potential of this practice to contribute to climate change mitigation while minimizing negative impacts on other environmental goals.
Sources of drug information in neonatal guidelines of low- and middle-income countries†‡
Authors: Japs Kelsey L , Dennehy Cathi , Stoffella Sylvia , Faldasz Jonathan , Bress Joshua 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objective
Identify drug information (DI) resources used in neonatal practice guidelines in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods
Individuals with knowledge of national neonatal guideline development completed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey.

Key findings
Eighty-five per cent (33/39) of respondents fully completed the survey. Physicians from university hospitals in Africa were primary respondents. Forty-five per cent (15/33) used a single national neonatal guideline. Primary neonatal resources for drug dosing and preparation were as follows: (1) World Health Organization Pocketbook of Hospital Care for Children, (2) Pediatric & Neonatal Dosage Handbook and (3) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence for Infants and Neonatal pathways.

Conclusion
Low- and middle-income countries with single national neonatal guidelines cite a finite range of DI resources.
The tension between efficiency and effectiveness: a study of dietetic practice in primary care
Authors: O'Connor R. , Slater K. , Ball L. , Jones A. , Mitchell L. , Rollo M. E. , Williams L. T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary healthcare dietitians have a vital role to play in the prevention and management of chronic disease. Working in primary care requires efficient and effective management of practice to ensure client and practitioner needs are met. The present study aimed to explore the way in which primary care dietitians in Australia view the constructs of efficiency and effectiveness within the context of their practice.MethodsThe study used an exploratory qualitative design within a pragmatist framework. Individual semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with Australian primary care dietitians. All interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive thematic approach.ResultsTwenty dietitians (17 females) working as private practitioners in primary care from three Australian states participated in the present study. Three themes emerged from the data. The first theme revealed that seeking efficiency and especially effectiveness were important to primary care dietitians and that there was a tension between the two. The second theme identified that efficiency and effectiveness are influenced by personal and structural factors. The final theme explored how dietitians are actively seeking ways to be more efficient and effective, including supportive networks, as well as the utilisation of technology.ConclusionsAchieving a balance between efficiency and effectiveness in primary care dietetics is challenging to practitioners, who may require further training and support to enhance productivity, time management and resource utilisation. Structured issues exist for the workface. Further studies are required to quantify these findings and to explore whether it is possible to optimise efficiency and effectiveness and achieve sustainability of the dietetic workforce in primary care.
A potential new oral mapping (OM) method in the clinical evaluation and documentation of oral submucous fibrosis—A prospective clinical crossover study
Authors: Arakeri Gururaj , Aljabab Abdulsalam , Maddur Nagaraj , Hunasgi Santosh , Patil Shekar , Hale Beverley , Merkx Matthias A. W. , Gomes Carolina C. , Gomez Ricardo S. , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDespite much research, there is a lack of a definite protocol or method for documenting oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) site presentation. In this study, we propose a new potential oral mapping (OM) method and evaluated its use in recording OSMF‐affected mucosal sites.MethodsFifty OSMF patients were evaluated by 15 primary care dental practitioners using both, a conventional subjective recording method and a new OM method, to document the degree of involvement of affected oral mucosa with a crossover study design. Mann‐Whitney test (non‐parametric test) was used to make comparison between groups to determine any significant differences between the two identification methods. Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate any significant differences in the difficulty in identification of two methods.ResultsThere was a low agreement between the two methods used to detect OSMF in affected mucosal surfaces (P‐value < 0.0001). More lesions were identified using the proposed OM method, and less discrepancy was found among dental practitioners. A difference in difficulty of OSMF documentation was found (Wilcoxon z = 3.615, P‐value < 0.001), with the proposed OM method found to be easier.ConclusionThe proposed OM method appears to be useful for documentation, can easily be adapted in clinical practice, and effectively administered in clinical research. Additionally, it could be a useful tool to helping to maintain an OSMF database.
The adverse childhood experiences checklist: Can it serve as a clinical and quality indicator?
Authors: Wickramasinghe Yuanee , Raman Shanti , Garg Pankaj , Jain Kalpesh , Hurwitz Romy 
Published: January 2019

AimThere is strong evidence that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with poor short‐, medium‐ and long‐term health outcomes. In South Western Sydney, we trialled a modified ACE checklist in community paediatric clinics. Our aim was to design the best version of the ACE checklist for routine clinical use to serve as both a clinical and quality indicator.MethodsWe trialled two versions of the modified ACE checklist based on a pre‐existing tool in child development (CD) and vulnerable child (VC) clinics over a 6‐month period in 2012 (V1) and 7‐month period in 2017 (V2). We analysed clinical and demographic data and correlated with ACE scores. We asked clinicians about the use of the ACE checklist and modified the checklist based on clinicians' recommendations.ResultsIn phase 1, V1 was trialled in CD clinics only; 77 children were assessed, of whom 38 children (49%) had ACE score of ≥1, and 8 (10%) had a score of ≥4. In phase 2, of 279 children assessed, 178 (64%) had ACE ≥1, and 78 (28%) had ACE ≥4. In both phases, clinicians found the checklist simple to use and helpful in identifying especially vulnerable children.ConclusionsThe ACE checklist helps clinicians and managers identify the burden of exposure to trauma, violence and abuse of children attending paediatric clinics, both to facilitate intervention and aid service development. This version of the ACE checklist has the potential to be used across a variety of populations and settings as a clinical and quality indicator.
Seasonal responses of photosynthetic parameters in maize and sunflower and their relationship with leaf functional traits
Authors: Miner Grace L. , Bauerle William L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEstimates of seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity (Pc) are critical for modeling the time course of carbon fluxes. Given the time‐intensive nature of calculating Pc parameters via gas exchange, it is appealing to calculate parameter variation via changes in chlorophyll (Chl) and nitrogen (N) content by assuming that Pc scales with these variables. Although seasonal changes in Pc and the relationships between N and Pc have been evaluated in forest canopies, there is limited data on seasonal parameter values in crops, nor is it clear if seasonal changes in Pc can be estimated from leaf traits under the high N fertility of managed systems. We characterized the seasonal variability of the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport (Jmax) under well‐fertilized conditions for maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and coupled these data with measurements of Chl, N, and leaf mass per unit area (LMA). The seasonal Chl–N relationship was significant in maize, but not in sunflower. Area‐based N–Vcmax relationships were not significant for either crop. Mass‐based N–Vcmax relationships were weak in sunflower, but highly significant in maize. Our results suggest that Pc can be seasonally adjusted in maize with reliable estimates of changes in LMA.
Risk stratification of immunocompromised children, including pediatric transplant recipients at risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease
Authors: Science Michelle , Akseer Nadia , Asner Sandra , Allen Upton 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Our goal was to develop a framework for risk stratifying immunocompromised patients, including transplant patients, for RSV prophylaxis.MethodsRisk factors for severe RSV disease in immunocompromised patients were identified in the literature and by an expert panel via survey. Experts assigned a probability of developing severe disease (0 to 100 scale) to the risk factors for each immunocompromised population. The results were validated using a clinical dataset. Linear mixed models adjusted for within‐expert clustering of ranks were used to estimate average scores, and differences were tested using paired t tests. Logistic regression was utilized to identify important determinants of severe RSV disease.ResultsThe survey was emailed to twenty‐seven experts and thirteen responded (48%). Across all transplant groups, age <2 years (mean 77.1, 95% CI 71.7, 82.5) and day care attendance (mean 72.8, 95% CI 67.3, 78.3) were assigned the highest risk of severe disease. The highest risk groups were lung transplant recipients (mean 73.2, 95% CI 67.6, 78.8), combined lung and heart transplant recipients (mean 75.2, 95% CI 69.6, 80.7), allogeneic stem cell transplant (mean 76.0, 95% CI 70.4, 81.6), and severe combined immunodeficiency (mean 74.7, 95% CI 69.1, 80.3).ConclusionThe results provide a logical validity to current practice and provide guidance for prioritizing patients to receive prophylactic agents to prevent severe RSV disease. The results will facilitate the development of a risk stratification tool for RSV prophylaxis for immunocompromised patients.
Diabetic foot ulcer care: a concept analysis of the term integrated into nursing practice
Authors: Subrata Sumarno A. , Phuphaibul Rutja 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcer care demonstrates a beneficial approach to overcoming problems in patients with diabetes. This approach is frequently given but is not always successfully implemented due to its fragmentation amid healthcare providers. What's more, there are a number of different understandings, interchangeable languages and an absence of uniformity overlapping terminologies of meaning for diabetic foot ulcer care. Therefore, analysing the concept of diabetic foot ulcer care is important to provide a wider nursing knowledge, synthesise a greater theoretical model and drive more effective care of diabetic foot ulcer.ObjectiveThis article aimed to analyse how the concept of diabetic foot ulcer care is clearly defined in the relevant evidence as it has several implications in nursing practice.MethodWalker and Avant's (1995) method of concept analysis was systematically used in this study.FindingsThree critical attributes of diabetic foot ulcer care were determined consisting of assessment, intervention and evaluation. Constructed cases are also presented to differentiate the concept of diabetic foot ulcer care from other concepts. This concept analysis results in the critical attributes of diabetic foot ulcer care, defines an operational definition and describes common goals that improve clarity, consistency and understanding of the concept amid healthcare professionals along with researchers.ConclusionEffective implementation of the concept of DFU care into clinical nursing practice may undoubtedly improve patient outcomes and prevent the complexities of DFU in the years to come. Future research needs to be developed for evaluating the current use of this concept.