bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Caregivers’ Self-Management Experiences: A Qualitative Study Using the Theoretical Domains Framework
Authors: Baay Sarah , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tam-Tham Helen , Finlay Juli , Elliott Meghan J. , Straus Sharon , Beanlands Heather , Herrington Gwen , Donald Maoliosa 
Published: May 2019

Background: Self-management support interventions are widely accepted in chronic kidney disease (CKD) care; however, interventions rarely consider individual behaviors by incorporating a behavioral theoretical framework. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) can be used to facilitate an understanding of patients and their caregivers’ behaviors to successfully self-manage CKD. Objectives: (1) To understand behaviors of patients with CKD and their caregivers and identify potential intervention approaches to support CKD self-management and (2) to explore relationships between the 14 TDF domains and CKD self-management. Design: Qualitative descriptive study using both content and thematic analysis Setting: Purposive criterion was used to recruit participants from across Canada. Patients: Canadian patients with CKD and their caregivers. Measurements: Focus groups and telephone interviews using a semistructured interview guide. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected from focus groups and telephone interviews from July 2017 to January 2018. Two research team members coded the transcribed data to the 14 TDF domains using a modified approach of the Framework Method. We linked the common TDF domains to relevant intervention functions from the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to identify potential intervention approaches. We also identified and mapped relationships between the relevant TDF domains to report emerging themes. Results: Six focus groups (37 participants) and 11 telephone interview transcripts were analyzed. Five TDF domains that influenced CKD self-management behavior were identified: environmental context and resources, knowledge, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, and social influences. Four BCW intervention functions were identified: education, modeling, persuasion, and environmental restructuring. Four emergent themes, shaped by the populated 14 TDF domains, were identified: What does this mean for me? Help me help myself, How does this make me feel? and Who am I? Limitations: The TDF was not used to design the interview guide; therefore, there may be underrepresentation of some TDF domains relevant for self-management. Conclusion: Our findings highlight 5 TDF domains that can influence CKD self-management behavior and 4 possible intervention approaches to influence behavior change in patients with CKD and their caregivers. Emergent themes highlight participants’ interpretation of being diagnosed with CKD, their motivations, feelings, values, and altered identity. This work will inform the codesign of a behavior change intervention to enhance patient self-management of CKD.
Anatomical landmarks for localizing the otic ganglion: A possible new treatment target for headache disorders
Authors: Crespi Joan , Bratbak Daniel , Dodick David W. , Matharu Manjit S. , Senger Miriam , Angelov Doychin N. , Tronvik Erling 
Published: May 2019

Background: The otic ganglion (OG) is a cranial parasympathetic ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa under the foramen ovale (FO) and adjacent to the medial part of the mandibular nerve. Parasympathetic innervation of intracranial vessels from the OG has been shown both in animal and human models and evidence suggests that the OG plays an important role in the cranial vasomotor response. We review the evidence that positions the OG as a viable target for headache disorders. The OG is a small structure and not detectable on medical imaging. The FO is easily identifiable on CT scans and the mandibular nerve on MRI, hence, the position of the OG may be predicted if the mean distance from the FO is known. Objective: The objective is to describe the average distance between the FO and the OG in a sample of 18 infratemporal fossae from 21 cadavers. Methods: A total of 21 high definition photographs of 21 infratemporal fossae from 18 cadavers were analyzed. The distance between the inferior edge of the medial part of the FO to the OG was measured. Results: Four photographs of infratemporal fossae of four cadavers were excluded due to the inability to localize the inferior edge of the FO. A total of 15 infratemporal fossae from 17 cadavers were measured. The mean distance from the FO to the OG was 4.5 mm (SD 1.7), range 2.1–7.7 mm. Conclusions: We have described the average distance from the OG to an easily identifiable anatomical landmark that is visible in CT scans, the FO. This anatomical study may aid in the development of strategies to localize the OG in order to explore its role as a therapeutic target for headache disorders.
Predictors for choroidal neovascular membrane formation and visual outcome following blunt ocular trauma
Authors: Venkatesh Ramesh , Bavaharan Bharathi , Yadav Naresh Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors for choroidal neovascular membrane formation and visual outcome after blunt ocular trauma. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of patients with blunt ocular trauma from January 2013 to December 2016 at Narayana Nethralaya Super Speciality Eye Hospital (Bangalore, India) was done. Cases with positive macular findings were enrolled. Data such as age, sex, laterality, mode of injury, presenting and final vision, follow-up duration and retinal findings were noted. Results: A total of 853 cases were referred to the retina clinic with history of blunt ocular trauma. Of which, 37 cases with positive macular findings were identified. Trauma with ball (18/37, 49%) was the most common mode of injury. Choroidal rupture was seen in 33 (89%) eyes. Other retinal findings noted were as follows: retinal haemorrhages (11%), commotio retinae (22%), submacular haemorrhage (43%), macular hole (11%), epiretinal membrane (3%), macular scar (8%) and vitreous haemorrhage (4%). Choroidal neovascular membrane was noted in 6 (16%) out of 37 eyes. No retinal findings showed any positive association with choroidal neovascular membrane formation. Using Pearson’s correlation test, independent variables such as presenting visual acuity ( r = 0.601, p = 0.000) and choroidal neovascular membrane formation ( r = –0.356, p = 0.031) showed a strong correlation with final visual acuity. Conclusion: The occurrence rate of post-traumatic choroidal neovascular membranes is about 12% in eyes with choroidal rupture. Most choroidal neovascular membranes occur within 1 year of trauma. Eyes with poor presenting vision and choroidal rupture or subretinal haemorrhage warrant regular and shorter follow-up intervals for long periods to identify the choroidal neovascular membrane. Treatment with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is useful.
Nest initiation and flooding in response to season and semi-lunar spring tides in a ground-nesting shorebird
Authors: Plaschke Silvia , Bulla Martin , Cruz-López Medardo , Gómez del Ángel Salvador , Küpper Clemens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Marine and intertidal organisms face the rhythmic environmental changes induced by tides. The large amplitude of spring tides that occur around full and new moon may threaten nests of ground-nesting birds. These birds face a trade-off between ensuring nest safety from tidal flooding and nesting near the waterline to provide their newly hatched offspring with suitable foraging opportunities. The semi-lunar periodicity of spring tides may enable birds to schedule nest initiation adaptively, for example, by initiating nests around tidal peaks when the water line reaches the farthest into the intertidal habitat. We examined the impact of semi-lunar tidal changes on the phenology of nest flooding and nest initiation in Snowy Plovers (Charadrius nivosus) breeding at Bahía de Ceuta, a coastal wetland in Northwest Mexico.

Results
Using nest initiations and fates of 752 nests monitored over ten years we found that the laying season coincides with the lowest spring tides of the year and only 6% of all nests were flooded by tides. Tidal nest flooding varied substantially over time. First, flooding was the primary cause of nest failures in two of the ten seasons indicating high between-season stochasticity. Second, nests were flooded almost exclusively during the second half of the laying season. Third, nest flooding was associated with the semi-lunar spring tide cycle as nests initiated around spring tide had a lower risk of being flooded than nests initiated at other times. Following the spring tide rhythm, plovers appeared to adapt to this risk of flooding with nest initiation rates highest around spring tides and lowest around neap tides.

Conclusions
Snowy Plovers appear generally well adapted to the risk of nest flooding by spring tides. Our results are in line with other studies showing that intertidal organisms have evolved adaptive responses to predictable rhythmic tidal changes but these adaptations do not prevent occasional catastrophic losses caused by stochastic events.
A Raman micro-spectroscopy study of 77,000 to 71,000 year old ochre processing tools from Sibudu, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Wojcieszak Marine , Wadley Lyn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Many Middle Stone Age sites in South Africa yielded hundreds, even thousands, of ochre pieces sometimes showing use traces. Less attention has been paid to the tools used for their processing. Here, seven tools excavated from the oldest layers (71,000 to 77,000 years ago) of Sibudu rock shelter were studied non-invasively to identify the micro-residues on them. The tools were first examined with optical microscopy to detect areas of interest. Then, Raman micro-spectroscopy was performed on the residues present, as well as on random areas of tool surfaces. These Raman signatures were compared to those obtained from the sediments and ochre samples recovered from the same layers. All tools exhibited red, orange and brown stains on their surfaces and these comprised iron oxides (haematite and maghemite) and oxyhydroxide (goethite). The other compounds detected include amorphous carbon, quartz, anatase and manganese oxides. All of these can occur within ochre, but they may alternatively be natural components of other rocks and sediments, formed secondarily by decay processes. However, the large and thick residues present on the surfaces of the artefacts imply their use for ochre processing (microscopic observations and chemical analyses of the sediments and the local rocks showed that they contain only traces of haematite). Ochre seems to have been the only material processed with these old Sibudu artefacts whereas in younger occupations, items such as bone were also processed with grindstones. The grinding tools are morphologically varied and the ochre pieces are both morphologically and chemically diverse.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Alfaxalone Administered as a Bolus Intravenous Injection of Phaxan in a Phase 1 Randomized Trial
Authors: Goodchild Colin S. , Serrao Juliet M. , Sear John W. , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Previous formulations of alfaxalone have shown it to be a fast-acting intravenous anesthetic with high therapeutic index. Alfaxalone has been reformulated for human use as Phaxan, an aqueous solution of 10 mg/mL of alfaxalone and 13% betadex. This study assessed the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics of alfaxalone given as a bolus intravenous injection of this formulation to human male volunteers.

METHODS:
A dose of 0.5 mg/kg (0.42–0.55 mg/kg) of alfaxalone [mean (range)] was given by single intravenous bolus injection to 12 healthy subjects. Plasma alfaxalone concentrations and bispectral index (BIS) values were analyzed using an integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model using nonlinear mixed-effects models. Effect (BIS) was described using a sigmoidal fractional maximum effect (EMAX) model. All parameters were scaled using allometry and standardized to a 70-kg person using exponents of 0.75 for clearance parameters (CL, Q2, and Q3), 1.0 for volumes (V1, V2, and V3), and 0.25 for time-related parameters half-time keo (t
1/2keo).

RESULTS:
A 3-compartment model used to fit PK data with an additional compartment, linked by t
1/2keo to describe the effect compartment, yielded alfaxalone PK parameter estimates: CL: 1.08 L/min; 0.87–1.34 L/min (median; 95% confidence interval [CI]); central volume of distribution (V1): 0.99 L; 0.53–2.05 L (median; 95% CI); intercompartment CLs (Q2): 0.87 L/min; 0.32–1.71 L/min (median; 95% CI) and Q3: 0.46 L/min; 0.19–1.03 L/min (median; 95% CI); and peripheral volumes of distribution (V2): 6.36 L; 2.79–10.7 L (median; 95% CI) and V3: 19.1 L; 8.61–37.4 L (median; 95% CI). PD interrogation assumed a baseline BIS of 96, with an estimated EMAX: 0.94; 0.71–0.99 (median; 95% CI), a plasma concentration (Cp) for 50% effect (C50): 0.98 mg/L; 0.83–1.09 mg/L (median; 95% CI), and a Hill coefficient (γ): 12.1; 6.7–15 (median; 95% CI). The t
1/2keo was 8 minutes; 4.70–12.8 minutes (median; 95% CI). The mean time to a BIS 50 was 0.94 minutes (standard deviation [SD] = 0.2 minutes).

CONCLUSIONS:
After a single bolus intravenous injection, alfaxalone has a high plasma CL equal to hepatic blood flow as reported for earlier studies of bolus injections of a previous formulation of alfaxalone. The plasma levels associated with BIS values of <60 are comparable to those previously reported in patients anesthetized with alfaxalone. The t
1/2keo is relatively high, but the large Hill coefficient contributes to rapid onset and offset of action. This information can inform future studies of this formulation.
Transgenerational Entrepreneurship of the Family Businesses: Is it in the Blood or Not?
Authors: Monticelli Jefferson Marlon , Bernardon Renata Araujo , Trez Guilherme , Sabrito Carlos Eduardo dos Santos 
Published: May 2019

Objective: This paper aims to understand the transgenerational entrepreneurship process in family businesses.Method: This study was based on a qualitative research using three focus groups.Originality/Relevance: Aspects related to the intergenerational entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses have drawn the attention of researchers who focus both on family businesses and entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is relevant to analyze how entrepreneurship occurs across generations in order to overcome the simplification of research on entrepreneurship in the context of family business.Results: This study allowed understanding the similarities and differences of transgenerational entrepreneurship in family businesses regarding five topics: relevance of the founder, challenges, governance, and influence of the heirs who are not involved in managing the family businesses.Theoretical/methodological contributions: The study presents propositions with the aim to integrate entrepreneurship in the context of family businesses while highlighting the role of founders, heirs, their challenges and governance practices.
O Trabalho do Dirigente da Pequena Empresa à Luz da Abordagem dos Papéis de Mintzberg: Insights em Empresas Brasileiras
Authors: Rosim Daniela , Escrivão Filho Edmundo , Nagano Marcelo Seido 
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é verificar a adequação da abordagem dos papéis de Mintzberg (1973), desenvolvida para compreender o trabalho do executivo, em descrever o trabalho do dirigente da pequena empresa. Método: Como método de coleta de dados foi replicado o método utilizado por Mintzberg (1973), ou seja, a observação estruturada. Todos os casos analisados neste trabalho replicaram este método, permitindo, portanto, comparações e análises, com suporte da estatística descritiva. Para a consecução dos objetivos foram observados sete dirigentes de pequenas empresas brasileiras que foram comparados com os estudos internacionais. Originalidade/Relevância: Nas grandes empresas há uma vasta e longa tradição de pesquisa sobre o trabalho do executivo, no entanto, nas pequenas empresas esse tipo de estudo ainda é escasso e, conhecer a natureza do trabalho do dirigente na pequena empresa é pertinente, pois permite a autorreflexão sobre sua rotina de trabalho a fim de melhorar seu desempenho. Também pode auxiliar organizações de fomento e entidades educacionais nas atividades de ensino específicas para a realidade da pequena empresa. Resultados: Verificou-se que o trabalho do dirigente pode ser descrito pela abordagem dos papéis e especificamente pelos papéis: substituto do operador; especialista; decisional e informacional. O dirigente da pequena empresa, no entanto, não se reconhece desempenhando o papel interpessoal.
Espedito Seleiro: Da chinela de Lampião à Sandália de Maria Bonita
Authors: Valdevino Antonio Messias , Brandão Halana Adelino , Dos Santos Ítalo Anderson Taumaturgo , Carneiro Jailson Santana 
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: Contribuir para os entendimentos dos conceitos de Marketing, enfatizando o composto de marketing, em produto, principalmente quando se refere à elaboração de novas peças, praça e promoção. Método: O caso foi escrito a partir de uma pesquisa qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas, observação e dados secundários. As entrevistas se deram com Espedito e com pessoas imprescindíveis à realização das atividades realizadas pelo artesão. Originalidade/Relevância: Por meio caso é apresentada a trajetória profissional e de vida do Mestre Espedito Seleiro, um patrimônio cultural vivo da região do Nordeste brasileiro. Resultados: O caso narra a trajetória do mestre e a forma de como ele se reinventou no mercado, repensando seus produtos e seu público-alvo. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: A riqueza de detalhes, únicos da trajetória de vida do mestre Espedito Seleiro, tornam a aplicação do caso para ensino em sala de aula mais atraente e interessante. Contribuições sociais / para a gestão: O caso convida o leitor/discente a refletir sobre a manutenção de atividades, como o artesanato, no mercado, ressaltando a necessidade de inovação em novos contextos.
A Fábula Dos Mortos-Vivos: Determinantes da Mortalidade Empresarial Presentes em Micro e Pequenas Empresas Ativas
Authors: De Araújo Felipe Emidio , De Morais Fábio Rogério , Pandolfi Edgar de Souza 
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi identificar os fatores determinantes da mortalidade empresarial, verificar a presença desses fatores em empresas ativas e analisar as causas da sobrevivência de empresas em que os determinantes da mortalidade estão presentes. Método: Utilizou-se de abordagem quantitativa para pesquisa de tipologia explicativa. O estudo de campo teve a coleta de dados por meio de escala Likert e a análise de dados foi realizada por meio de comparação de média entre grupos, análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e regressão linear, para os testes de hipóteses. Os dados foram coletados em MPEs, localizadas em um município da região norte do Brasil, com base em amostragem para população conhecida. Originalidade/Relevância: O estudo apresenta parâmetros de medição e de identificação de determinantes da mortalidade empresarial em MPE’s ativas e justifica o fato de as determinantes da mortalidade não possuírem efeito letal em algumas MPE’s. Resultados: A confirmação das hipóteses permite afirmar que, nesta amostra, a presença de variáveis determinantes da mortalidade empresarial em empresas ativas incorre em um sistema de compensação, em que a presença de uma variável determinante da morte é compensada por outra determinante do sucesso. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O sistema de compensação entre as variáveis de morte e de sucesso em MPE’s demonstram o modo como a presença de fatores de morte em empresas ativas pode ser compensado por outra variável com alto potencial de sobrevivência da empresa.
Beyond grayscale lithography: inherently three-dimensional patterning by Talbot effect
Authors: Fallica Roberto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There are a growing number of applications where three-dimensional patterning is needed for the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures. Thus far, grayscale lithography is the main technique for obtaining a thickness gradient in a resist material that is exploited for pattern transfer by anisotropic etch. However, truly three-dimensional structures can only be produced by unconventional lithography methods such as direct laser writing, focused ion beam electrodeposition, colloidal sphere lithography, and tilted multiple-pass projection lithography, but at the cost of remarkable complexity and lengthiness. In this work, the three-dimensional shape of light, which is formed by Talbot effect diffraction, was exploited to produce inherently three-dimensional patterns in a photosensitive polymer. Using light in the soft X-ray wavelength, periodic three-dimensional structures of lateral period 600 nm were obtained. The position at which the sample has to be located to be in the Fresnel regime was simulated using an analytical implementation of the Fresnel integrals approach. Exploiting the light shape forming in diffraction effects thus enables the patterning of high-resolution three-dimensional nanostructures over a large area and with a single exposure pass – which would be otherwise impossible with conventional lithographic methods.
Femtosecond lasers: the ultimate tool for high-precision 3D manufacturing
Authors: Jonušauskas Linas , Mackevičiūtė Dovilė , Kontenis Gabrielius , Purlys Vytautas 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The ever-growing trend of device multifunctionality and miniaturization puts enormous burden on existing manufacturing technologies. The requirements for precision, throughput, and cost become increasingly harder to achieve with minimal room for compromises. Femtosecond lasers, which saw immense development throughout the last few decades, have been proven time and time again to be a superb tool capable of standing up to the challenges posed by modern science and the industry for ultrahigh-precision material processing. Thus, this paper is dedicated to provide an outlook on how femtosecond pulses are revolutionizing modern manufacturing. We will show how they are exploited for various kinds of material processing, including subtractive (ablation, cutting, and etching), additive (lithography and laser-induced forward transfer), or hybrid subtractive-additive cases. The advantages of using femtosecond lasers in such applications, with main focus on how they enable the most precise kinds of material processing, will be highlighted. Future prospects concerning emerging industrial applications and the future of the technology itself will be discussed.