bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating Cumulative Disadvantages of Migration, Care, and Employment Regimes: Dependent Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Tanaka Yukiko , Cranford Cynthia J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article uses interviews with dependent immigrant women and men in Canada to analyze immigrant disadvantage in the labor market and workplace. Synthesizing feminist social policy scholarship with sociological studies of gender, work, and migration, we develop a framework for analyzing how migration, care, and employment regimes intersect to generate disadvantages. We find that gendered disadvantages embedded in dependent migration policies accumulate through a family-market care regime and a racialized, precarious employment regime. Both women and men dependent immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market and workplace through multiple, accumulating dynamics; yet we also find different degrees and pathways to disadvantage, and multiple strategies to navigate it, shaped by gender and class. We argue that analyzing both the structure of inequalities produced by intersecting regimes and the ways people navigate them over time is key to understanding the contradictory mechanisms that both produce disadvantage and provide openings for strategic maneuvering.
Joint and several liability at the interface of national and international law and the FIDIC conditions of contract
Authors: Mahasneh Nisreen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The international terms of the 2017 FIDIC Red Book (reprinted and amended in 2022) state that, when the contractor is a joint venture (JV), all members are jointly and severally liable to the employer. These terms also establish certain procedural rules—the most important ones being the submission to the employer of the JV undertaking and the appointment of a leader. However, these international terms do not provide for substantive rules pertaining to the plurality of the JV members. These require reference to the applicable law that governs the construction contract. The applicable law can be domestic law, such as Qatari law, or an international soft law, such as the Unidroit Principles. Comparing these two possibly applicable laws, it becomes evident that there are no significant differences between the two regarding the substantive rules concerning a plurality of obligors. Furthermore, it is argued that the majority of these substantive legal rules, whether national or international, are inoperative in a construction contract incorporating the international terms of the FIDIC Red Book.
Effect of Intraoperative Midazolam on Postoperative Delirium in Older Surgical Patients: A Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Chang , Yang Yu , Wu Qing-Ping , Xu Jun-Mei , Wang Di-Fen , Sun Jing-Jia , Mao Meng-Meng , Lou Jing-Sheng , Liu Yan-Hong , Cao Jiang-Bei , Duan Chong-Yang , Mi Wei-Dong 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine frequently used in the perioperative setting. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of intraoperative midazolam on postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.

Methods:
This study included patients aged 65 yr and older who received general anesthesia between April 2020 and April 2022 in multiple hospitals across China. Postoperative delirium occurring within 7 days was assessed using the 3-min Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models based on the random effects were used to determine the association between midazolam administration and the occurrence of postoperative delirium, presented as the risk ratio and 95% CI. A Kaplan–Meier cumulative incidence curve was plotted to compare the distribution of time to postoperative delirium onset between patients who received midazolam and those who did not. Subgroup analyses based on specific populations were performed to explore the relationship between midazolam and postoperative delirium.

Results:
In all, 5,663 patients were included, of whom 723 (12.8%) developed postoperative delirium. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses based on random effects of different hospitals showed no significant association between midazolam medication and postoperative delirium among older population (unadjusted risk ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.30; P = 0.38; and adjusted risk ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.33; P = 0.35). The Kaplan–Meier curve showed no difference in the distribution of time to postoperative delirium onset (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.18; P = 0.82). The results of subgroup analyses found that intraoperative midazolam treatment was not associated with postoperative delirium in the specific subgroups of patients.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative administration of midazolam may not be associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.
VEXAS syndrome: an adult-onset autoinflammatory disorder with underlying somatic mutation
Authors: Kötter Ina , Krusche Martin 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
VEXAS syndrome (Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, Autoinflammatory, Somatic) was first described in 2020, where in a cohort of adults with unexplained fever or inflammation, systematic genetic testing was performed and 25 men with a median age of 64 years and somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene were identified. In the current review, we aim to discuss the relevant literature from January 2023 until July 2024 to give new insights into the pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of VEXAS.

Recent findings
VEXAS affects 1 : 4269 in men over the age of 50. Janus-Kinase-inhibitors (JAKi) and IL-6-inhibitors are more effective immunosuppressants against hyperinflammation. Ruxolitinib is more effective than other JAKi. Azacitidine induces remission in many patients, but only few MDS-associated patients were treated. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is feasible for selected cases. Infections are the major cause of death. Prognosis is still poor with a 5-year mortality rate of 18–40%.

Summary
In the current review, we discuss the novelties for VEXAS, including pathogenic pathways, epidemiological data, diagnostic criteria and algorithms, treatment options and complications. We hope that this review may improve rheumatologists understanding of VEXAS. We strongly recommend enrolling VEXAS patients in registries and clinical trials, to improve prognosis of VEXAS in the future.
Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Craniolateral Inclinatory Foraminotomy
Authors: Wu Tsung-Mu , Hwang Jin-Ho , Kim Moon-Chan , Choi Dae-Jung 
Published: October 2024

Study Design:
Case series.

Objective:
Endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy gains attention for cervical radiculopathy due to its feasibility, better outcomes, and lower complications than traditional approaches, enabling efficient multilevel decompression in a single operation while avoiding anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion–related issues. However, with multilevel decompression, the remnant lamina becomes thin and fragile. We propose craniolateral inclinatory foraminotomy to minimize bone removal during laminotomy, reducing the risk of iatrogenic or postoperative lamina fractures in tandem decompression.

Materials and Methods:
From 2021 to 2022, 8 consecutive patients underwent the procedure and were followed up for at least 6 months. The VAS, NDI, and MacNab scores were recorded for clinical recovery and patient satisfaction evaluations. Preoperative and postoperative CT scans were utilized to measure the lamina preservation percentage at each level.

Results:
The clinical outcomes improved significantly in every patient. No postoperative neck pain, segmental instability, or lamina fracture were observed. The mean lamina preservation percentages of C5, C6, C7, and all vertebrae were 68.8%, 73.22%, 71.86%, and 72.18%, respectively.

Conclusions:
Ongoing technical adjustments will accompany endoscopic technique development to decrease complications and enhance benefits. Our reported technique avoids extensive laminotomy in multilevel tandem decompression, aiming to prevent lamina fractures and anticipate a reduction in postoperative neck pain.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Polygenic risk score for drug-induced long QT syndrome: independent validation in a real-world patient cohort
Authors: Lopez-Medina Ana I. , Campos-Staffico Alessandra M. , Chahal Choudhary Anwar A. , Jacoby Juliet P. , Volkers Isabella , Berenfeld Omer , Luzum Jasmine A. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
Drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) is an adverse reaction from over 150 FDA-approved medications, posing the risk of triggering torsades de pointes and sudden death. While common genetic variants may modestly impact QT interval individually, their collective effect can significantly amplify risk of diLQTS. Consequently, this study aimed to validate a polygenic risk score (PRS) for diLQTS previously proposed by Strauss et al.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing patients from the Michigan Genomics Initiative prescribed 27 high-risk QT-prolonging drugs and an ECG during the prescription. The primary outcome was marked prolongation of the QTc interval (either >60 ms change from baseline or >500 ms absolute value) during treatment with a high-risk QT-prolonging drug.

Results
The primary outcome occurred in 12.0% of n = 6070 self-reported White, 12.4% of 558 African American, and 8.2% of 110 Asian patients. The PRS significantly associated with diLQTS in White patients [adjusted odds ratio = 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09–1.89); P = 0.009]. However the study lacked sufficient statistical power to confirm the PRS as a risk factor in African Americans [adjusted odds ratio = 2.18 (95% CI: 0.98–5.49); P = 0.073] and Asians [adjusted odds ratio = 3.21 (95% CI: 0.69–16.87); P = 0.139] due to smaller sample sizes in these groups.

Conclusion
The previously published PRS for diLQTS was validated in a large, real-world cohort, demonstrating its potential as a tool for identifying high-risk patients. Incorporating this PRS into routine clinical practice could enable proactive measures to prevent life-threatening diLQTS.
CYP3A5 pharmacogenetic testing for tacrolimus in pediatric heart transplant patients: a budget impact analysis
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Pasternak Amy L. , Maggo Simran , Mindanao Rochelle , Nguyen Jenny Q. , Gong Cynthia L. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Pharmacogenomic testing can optimize drug efficacy and minimize adverse effects. CYP3A5 polymorphisms affect the metabolism of tacrolimus. We sought to estimate the budget impact of preemptive pharmacogenomic testing for CYP3A5 in pediatric heart transplantation patients from an institutional perspective.

Methods
A decision tree was constructed to estimate the budget impact of pediatric heart transplant patients (age ≤18 years) initiated on tacrolimus with and without CYP3A5 pharmacogenomic testing. The budget impact of preemptive pharmacogenomic testing versus no pharmacogenomic testing was calculated. One-way sensitivity analysis and alternative analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of results to changes in model parameters.

Results

CYP3A5 genotype-guided dosing provided savings of up to $17 225 per patient compared to standard dosing. These savings decreased to $11 759 when using another institution’s data for the standard-dosing group. The time to achieve therapeutic concentration in the poor metabolizer genotype-guided dosing group had the largest impact on cost savings while the cost of the pharmacogenetic test had the smallest impact on cost savings.

Conclusion
Implementing CYP3A5 testing could save $17 225 per pediatric heart transplant patient receiving tacrolimus. As pharmacogenomic testing becomes more widespread, institutions should track resource requirements and outcomes to determine the best implementation policies going forward.
The association between age at natural menopause and risk of asthma among postmenopausal women from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Kesibi Durmalouk , Rotondi Michael , Edgell Heather , Tamim Hala 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association between age at natural menopause and incidence of asthma among postmenopausal Canadian women.

Methods
Women between the ages of 45-85 yr were followed for a 10-yr period. Analysis was restricted to naturally postmenopausal women who are nonsmokers and did not have asthma prior to menopause. Age at natural menopause was examined using the following categories: 40-44, 45-49, 50-54 (reference), and ≥55. Survival analysis was utilized to determine time to onset of asthma. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between age at natural menopause and asthma after adjusting for covariates.

Results
The multivariable Cox regression analysis showed a 30% decreased risk of asthma in women with age at natural menopause of 40-44 yr compared with age at natural menopause of 50-54 yr with a hazard ratio of 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.49-0.95).

Conclusions
Women with later ages at natural menopause may be at increased risk for asthma.
Association of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin with office and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in a Swiss general population sample
Authors: Baldwin Julia , Burnier Michel , Ponte Belen , Ackermann Daniel , Pruijm Menno , Vogt Bruno , Bochud Murielle 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a potent vasodilator. The association between plasma ADM levels and blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. We assessed the association between mid-regional-pro-ADM (MR-proADM) and BP in a multicenter population- and family-based cohort.

Methods:
We used data from the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension (SKIPOGH). We included participants present at both baseline and 3-year follow-up (N = 843). We examined the association of baseline MR-proADM with baseline office and 24 h ambulatory BP as well as the 3-year change in office BP. In secondary analyses, we studied the association between baseline MR-proADM and 3-year changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), renal resistive index (RRI) and augmentation index (AI). Mixed-effects linear regression models were used.

Results:
In cross-sectional analyses, MR-proADM was negatively associated with office, 24-h and daytime diastolic BP (DBP). MR-proADM was positively associated with nighttime systolic BP (SBP). In longitudinal analyses, baseline MR-proADM was associated with an increase in office SBP and pulse pressure (PP) over 3 years [β (95% CI): 8.2 (0.4, 15.9) and β (95% CI): 6.4 (0.3, 12.4), respectively] but not with changes in PWV, RRI and AI.

Conclusions:
The cross-sectional negative association of MR-proADM with DBP is in line with known vasodilatory properties of ADM. The positive association between MR-proADM and nighttime SBP at baseline may reflect endothelial dysfunction believed to be part of the pathogenesis of nocturnal hypertension. The association of higher baseline MR-proADM levels with increased SBP and PP at 3-year follow-up suggests that ADM levels could be a marker of cardiovascular risk.
Comparison of Reference and Biosimilar Medications for Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Valikodath Nita G. , Rathinavelu Jay , Deaner Jordan D. , Buckley Mary , Grewal Dilraj S. 
Published: October 2024

Objective/purpose:
Compare outcomes and costs of TNF-alpha inhibitor biosimilars to reference medications in the treatment of pediatric NIU.

Methods:
Patients 18 years old or below treated with reference or biosimilar TNF-alpha inhibitor for noninfectious uveitis and had a history of active ocular inflammation with at least 1 month of ophthalmology follow-up from January 1, 2013, to June 1, 2023, were included. Retrospective chart review was performed.

Results:
Nineteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean age was 9.3±4.0 years, and 47.4% (9/19) were female. Of the patients who were on infliximab at any time point in their disease course (n=9), the mean duration on infliximab was 3.6 years (42 mo). Of the patients on biosimilar infliximab (n=10), the mean duration was 0.82 years (9.8 mo). Mean flares/year was 0.22±0.3 on infliximab and 0.15±0.3 on biosimilar infliximab. The average annual cost was $42,298.97 for infliximab (n =9), $41,141 for infliximab-dyyb (n=9), and $40,950 for infliximab-axxq (n=1). Reasons for switching to biosimilar infliximab from adalimumab included a combination of insurance mandate (100%), worsening disease activity (37.5%), or other issues such as noncompliance (37.5%).

Conclusions:
The most common reason for biosimilar initiation was insurance mandate. Compared with the reference infliximab, pediatric patients had fewer number of flares per year on biosimilar infliximab, but they were also on the biosimilar for a shorter duration of time compared with the reference which may confound an accurate assessment. Biosimilar infliximab had a lower cost profile compared with reference infliximab.
Pulmonary embolism work-up in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: what is the best strategy for clinicians?
Authors: Jiménez David , Bertoletti Laurent , Bikdeli Behnood 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are important events in the natural course of COPD, as they increase morbidity and mortality. Acute pulmonary embolism may mimic the symptoms of COPD exacerbations. However, the exact prevalence of pulmonary embolism in unexplained exacerbations of COPD is unclear based on the current data. This review provides a practical approach to patients with COPD complaining of worsening respiratory symptoms.

Recent findings
A randomized clinical trial has shown that a routine pulmonary embolism diagnostic work-up does not improve care of patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. However, review of the recent literature suggests that a nonnegligible proportion of otherwise unexplained exacerbations of COPD may be caused by pulmonary embolism. To date, nevertheless, there are limited studies developing and validating clinical models that might aid in the identification of patients requiring additional tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Summary
Until new evidence becomes available, we believe that a routine diagnostic strategy for pulmonary embolism is not appropriate for patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Recommendations for routine pulmonary embolism diagnostic work-up necessitate further development of prognostic models and conduct of clinical trials that assess important health outcomes.
The real experiences of nurses after patient suicide: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Yang Mengying , Yu Peipei , Zhang Hui , Zheng Yingying 
Published: October 2024

Objectives:
To systematically evaluate the qualitative study of nurses’ real experience after patient suicide, and to provide theoretical basis for reducing the influence of patient suicide on nurses and reducing the incidence of patient suicide.

Design:
A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.

Methods:
These databases including The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CMB, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP were searched by computer to collect relate qualitative researches. The retrieval time was from database established to February 2024. Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation Form was used to evaluate the literature quality and Meta-integration.

Results:
A total of 12 studies were included and 47 results were obtained, which were summarized into 8 new categories and 3 integrated results were obtained. Theme 1: impact on nurses themselves; Theme 2: the nurse’s thoughts and suggestions of patient suicide; Theme 3: coping strategy.

Conclusions:
Nursing managers should fully pay attention to nurses’ feelings and cognitive attitudes after patients’ suicide events, strengthen psychological counseling for nurses, so as to reduce the impact of patients’ suicide events on nurses.
Association between gout and cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tian Lin , Wang Youjiao , Zhang Ying , Tian Lv , Wang Huijing 
Published: October 2024

Background:
This study aimed to investigate the association between gout and cancer risk.

Methods:
This study was registered with the Prospective Registry for International Systematic Reviews (ID: CRD42023465587). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies related to gout and cancer risk, with a timeframe from the date the database was created to September 2023. We assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and assessed heterogeneity between studies using the I
2 statistic. Depending on the heterogeneity, we calculated pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using fixed-effects or random-effects models. In addition, we performed sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests.

Results:
In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 6 studies encompassing a total of 1279,804 participants. Our analysis revealed that individuals with gout are at a heightened risk of developing cancer in general (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04–1.34, P < .001). Moreover, specific types of cancer displayed a significant correlation with gout, including gastric cancer (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.07–1.62, P = .012), liver cancer (HR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01–1.52, P < .001), lung cancer (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.03–1.53, P = .001), and bladder cancer (HR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.02–2.41, P < .001). Furthermore, gout exhibited a marginally increased risk for other cancer types, such as head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer, although these associations did not attain statistical significance.

Conclusion:
Our study suggests that gout is a risk factor for cancer, especially for stomach, liver, lung, and bladder cancers. Patients with gout have an increased risk of developing overall cancers, lung cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, and bladder cancer. However, more high-quality epidemiologic studies are needed to explore the association between gout and individual cancers more accurately.
Assessing the Quality and Accuracy of Syphilis-Related Content on TikTok and YouTube: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Alkhodair Rayan , Alfawzan Abdulrahman , Alharthi Sawsan A. , AlOmair Abdulrahman , Alqerafi Abdulrahman , Alfaleh Abdullah 
Published: October 2024

Background
Sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis, pose a significant public health challenge. The advent of social media platforms has revolutionized health information dissemination, with YouTube and TikTok emerging as prominent sources. However, concerns persist regarding the reliability of syphilis-related content on these platforms. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and accuracy of syphilis-related content on TikTok and YouTube, using established tools such as DISCERN, Accuracy in Digital-health Instrument (ANDI), and Global Quality Scale (GQS).

Methodology
We conducted a thorough search on TikTok and YouTube on November 26, 2023, using the keyword “syphilis.” Inclusion criteria comprised videos in English, less than 20 minutes in duration, and relevance to syphilis. Two dermatologists independently rated 98 eligible videos using DISCERN, ANDI, and GQS. Statistical analyses included χ
2 tests, mean comparisons, and interclass correlation.

Results
TikTok videos exhibited higher mean views (222,519 ± 412,746) compared with YouTube (127,527 ± 223,622). However, TikTok videos had lower mean GQS (2.3 ± 0.9), ANDI (2.19 ± 0.99), and DISCERN (28.7 ± 6.56) scores compared with YouTube (GQS: 2.9 ± 1.1, ANDI: 2.90 ± 0.97, DISCERN: 38.8 ± 9). Nonprofessional uploaders were 40.8% on TikTok, whereas the value was 53.1% on YouTube.

Conclusion
This study reveals disparities in the quality and accuracy of syphilis-related content on TikTok and YouTube. Despite higher popularity on TikTok, content quality, as assessed by DISCERN, ANDI, and GQS, was generally lower compared with YouTube. Targeted interventions are needed to improve the reliability of syphilis-related information on social media platforms.