bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The advantage of lefties in one-on-one sports
Authors: Fagan Francois , Haugh Martin , Cooper Hal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLeft-handers comprise approximately 15% of professional tennis players, but only 11% of the general population. In boxing, baseball, fencing, table-tennis and specialist batting positions in cricket the contrast is even starker, with 30% or more of top players often being left-handed. In this paper we propose a model for identifying the advantage of being left-handed in one-on-one interactive sports (as well as the inherent skill of each player). We construct a Bayesian latent ability model in the spirit of the classic Glicko model but with the additional complication of having a latent factor, i.e. the advantage of left-handedness, that we need to estimate. Inference is further complicated by the truncated nature of data-sets that arise from only having data of the top players. We show how to infer the advantage of left-handedness when only the proportion of top left-handed players is available. We use this result to develop a simple dynamic model for inferring how the advantage of left-handedness varies through time. We also extend the model to cases where we have ranking or match-play data. We test these models on 2014 match-play data from top male professional tennis players, and the dynamic model on data from 1985 to 2016.
Oxidative and nitrosative stress in patients with ischemic stroke
Authors: Dogan Ozlem , Kisa Ucler , Erdemoglu Ali Kemal , Kacmaz Murat , Caglayan Osman , Kurku Huseyin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundOxidative and nitrosative stress is well believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. This study aims to evaluate the time course of oxidative and nitrosative stress in ischemic stroke.MethodsIn total, 27 healthy individuals, 22 individuals with high risk of ischemic stroke due to hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and 20 patients with acute ischemic stroke hospitalized at the Neurology Department of the Kırıkkale University School of Medicine were enrolled in the study. Venous blood was collected at admission (hour 0) and again at hours 24, 48, 72, and 96. Nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative stress (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured and compared among stroke patients and control groups.ResultsBlood NO was significantly higher in the patient group at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h compared to the healthy and high-risk control groups, and lower at 96 h than at early times within the patient group (p<0.001). MDA was higher in patients than the healthy control group at all times. Conversely, TOS and OSI were significantly lower in the patient group than the healthy control group at 96 h and the high-risk control group at 72 and 96 h (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between initial NO (0 h) and duration of hospitalization (r=0.71; p=0.0003).ConclusionsThese findings suggest a substantial early increase in oxidative and nitrosative stress in ischemic stroke patients during the first 2 days post-admission. However, TOS was lower by days 3–4, likely due to pathological recovery and local/systemic defense systems. The correlation between elevated serum NO during the acute phase of stroke and duration of hospitalization suggests NO as a potentially valuable predictor of ensuing oxidative damage and clinical outcome.
Optically processed microlens array for single-beam lithography of plasmonic structures
Authors: Hong Cuiyue , Zhang Xinping 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A 2D dielectric grating produced by photolithography was employed as a microlens array (MLA), which was based on a smooth surface and a shape that may be defined roughly as a hemisphere of each lattice. Such a 2D MLA can focus an incident ultraviolet light beam into a matrix of light spots, which were estimated to be as small as 500 nm in diameter. Using a thin layer of photoresist (PR) to record the pattern of the focusing spots, we achieved an approximately inversed structure of periodically arranged holes in PR in submicron sizes. Filling these holes with gold using chemically synthesized colloidal gold nanoparticles produced a plasmonic grating consisting of gold nanoparticles larger than 580 nm in average diameter. Localized surface plasmon resonance in both first and second orders was observed, which was verified by the spectroscopic response and theoretical simulations. MLA can be thus repeatedly used as a master to produce plasmonic photonic structures with high reproducibility.
Simultaneous impacts of Joule heating and variable heat source/sink on MHD 3D flow of Carreau-nanoliquids with temperature dependent viscosity
Authors: Ramana Reddy J. V. , Sugunamma V. , Sandeep N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 3D flow of non-Newtonian nanoliquid flows past a bidirectional stretching sheet with heat transfer is investigated in the present study. It is assumed that viscosity of the liquid varies with temperature. Carreau non-Newtonain model, Tiwari and Das nanofluid model are used to formulate the problem. The impacts of Joule heating, nonlinear radiation and non-uniform (space and temperature dependent) heat source/sink are accounted. Al-Cu-CH3OH and Cu-CH3OH are considered as nanoliquids for the present study. The solution of the problem is attained by the application of shooting and R.K. numerical procedures. Graphical and tabular illustrations are incorporated with a view of understanding the influence of various physical parameters on the flow field. We eyed that using of Al-Cu alloy nanoparticles in the carrier liquid leads to superior heat transfer ability instead of using only Aluminum nanoparticles. Weissenberg number and viscosity parameter have inclination to exalt the thermal field.
A review on determining the refractive index function, thermal accommodation coefficient and evaporation temperature of light-absorbing nanoparticles suspended in the gas phase using the laser-induced incandescence
Authors: Gurentsov Evgeny Valerievich 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this review, the possibility of using pulsed, nanosecond laser heating of nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated, in order to investigate their thermo-physical properties. This approach is possible because the laser heating produces high NP temperatures that facilitate the observation of their thermal radiation (incandescence). This incandescence depends on the thermo-physical properties of the NPs, such as heat capacity, density, particle size, volume fraction and the refractive index of the particle material, as well as on the heat-mass transfer between the NPs and the surrounding gas media. Thus, the incandescence signal carries information about these properties, which can be extracted by signal analyses. This pulsed laser heating approach is referred to as laser-induced incandescence. Here, we apply this approach to investigate the properties of carbon, metal and carbon-encapsulated Fe NPs. In this review, the recent results of the measurements of the NP refractive index function, thermal energy accommodation coefficient of the NP surface with bath gas molecules and the NP evaporation temperature obtained using laser-induced incandescence are presented and discussed.
Recent development of PeakForce Tapping mode atomic force microscopy and its applications on nanoscience
Authors: Xu Ke , Sun Weihang , Shao Yongjian , Wei Fanan , Zhang Xiaoxian , Wang Wei , Li Peng 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Nanoscience is a booming field incorporating some of the most fundamental questions concerning structure, function, and applications. The cutting-edge research in nanoscience requires access to advanced techniques and instrumentation capable of approaching these unanswered questions. Over the past few decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been developed as a powerful platform, which enables in situ characterization of topological structures, local physical properties, and even manipulating samples at nanometer scale. Currently, an imaging mode called PeakForce Tapping (PFT) has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of nondestructive characterization, high-resolution imaging, and concurrent quantitative property mapping. In this review, the origin, principle, and advantages of PFT on nanoscience are introduced in detail. Three typical applications of this technique, including high-resolution imaging of soft samples in liquid environment, quantitative nanomechanical property mapping, and electrical/electrochemical property measurement will be reviewed comprehensively. The future trends of PFT technique development will be discussed as well.
Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Microfinance and Democratic Engagement
Authors: Johnson Samuel Wai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper presents results from a study of the comparative effects of microfinance group lending, and individual lending technologies on measures of women’s political capital in a fragile conflict-affected setting. Based on a quasi-experiment in Liberia, the two lending technologies were found to have significant effects on different measures of women’s political capital, though the effects were greater for the group lending technology than those of the individual lending. The different effects are due to the program orientation of the two lending technologies which facilitate the development of more resources for communal activism and democratic values among group lending than individual lending borrowers. This impact of this effect will be minimal if factors that constrain the women’s ability to invest their political capital are not addressed. Although more evidence would be required in order to generalize these results, they provide us insights about the political contribution of an economic intervention to post-conflict reconstruction.
The double function of the interpretant in Peirce’s theory of signs
Authors: Aames Jimmy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere seem to be two distinct aspects to the role played by the Interpretant in Peirce’s account of the sign relation. On the one hand, the Interpretant is said to establish the relation between the Sign and Object. That is, the Sign can “stand for” its Object, and thereby actually function as a Sign, only by virtue of its being interpreted as such by an Interpretant. On the other hand, the Interpretant is said to be “determined” by the Sign in such a way that it is thereby mediately determined by the Sign’s Object. How can we understand the relation between these two aspects of the Interpretant? This is the question with which this paper is concerned. I begin by drawing a distinction between what I call the first-order function and second-order function of the Interpretant, and illustrating this distinction using Peirce’s example of comparing the letters p and b in § 9 of the 1867 “On a New List of Categories.” I then show that this same distinction can be discerned in a significant passage in the second section of Peirce’s 1903 “A Syllabus of Certain Topics of Logic,” as well as in his early definition of the Interpretant in the “New List.” This double function of the Interpretant has been noted in the Peircean literature, specifically by Joseph Ransdell in his 1966 dissertation, and more recently by André De Tienne. However, an important aspect of what I call the second-order function of the Interpretant remains unclarified in Ransdell and De Tienne’s approaches, namely, its relation to the logical operation of hypostatic abstraction. I will show that the Interpretant, in its second-order function, plays a role formally identical in the sign process to the role played by hypostatic abstraction in Peirce’s demonstrations of the Reduction Thesis. This formal identity will afford us with a way of understanding the relation between the two aspects of the Interpretant in terms of hypostatic abstraction.
Identifying pain in children with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Stratton Kasee K. , Hartshorne Timothy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
The objective was to conduct the first investigation to identify the frequency and intensity of pain experiences for individuals with CHARGE syndrome and to review the use of two established non-vocal pain assessments with children with CHARGE, the NCCPC-R (Non-Communicating Children’s Pain Checklist-Revised) and the PPP (Pediatrics Pain Profile).

Methods
Parents of children with CHARGE were enrolled. Participants completed a pain questionnaire and the NCCPC-R and PPP twice, once for a baseline measure and second during a painful experience for their child.

Results
A moderate negative correlation between the mean intensity of pain and the mean duration of pain among individuals with CHARGE was found, ρ=−0.34. There was a tendency for intensity of pain to increase for sources of pain that were of shorter duration. The NCCPC-R and PPP were found to identify pain when compared to baseline performance (no pain) with a large effect, d=1.3. For the NCCPC-R, the difference between these ratings was significant beyond the 0.05 level, t (40)=8.15, p=0.000, 95% CI [16.93, 28.10]. Similarly, for the PPP, the mean pain ratings were significantly greater than the mean ratings for no pain, with significance beyond the 0.05 level, t (51)=9.59, p=0.000, CI 95% [11.74, 17.96].

Conclusions
Evidence exists that children with CHARGE experience pain. While the NCCPC-R and PPP were found to identify pain; future research should consider the development of a pain assessment individualized to pain behaviors present in CHARGE syndrome, given this population’s unique expression of pain.
Stress, strain and Raman shifts
Authors: Angel Ross J. , Murri Mara , Mihailova Boriana , Alvaro Matteo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The concept of the phonon-mode Grüneisen tensor is reviewed as method to determine the elastic strains across crystals from the changes in the wavenumbers of Raman-active phonon modes relative to an unstrained crystal. The symmetry constraints on the phonon-mode Grüneisen tensor are discussed and the consequences for which combinations of strains can be determined by this method are stated. A computer program for Windows, stRAinMAN, has been written to calculate strains from changes in Raman (or other phonon) mode wavenumbers, and vice-versa. It can be downloaded for free from www.rossangel.net.
Experimental Investigation of CFFP-Soil Interaction in Sand under Cyclic Lateral Loading
Authors: Qin Wei , Dai Guoliang , Zhao Xueliang , Shu Guangbo , Gong Weiming 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted on the response of concrete-filled fiber-reinforced polymer piles (CFFPs) in dry sand subjected to lateral cyclic loading. Two types of instrumented model pile tests were conducted. Fifteen tests were conducted with typical load magnitudes and numbers of cycles, and one test was conducted under static loading. The series of tests provided continuous measurements of the bearing characteristics of the model piles and of the responses of the piles and soil because of differences in the pile sizes, cycle frequencies, and numbers of cycles. Significant softening or degradation of the soil near the tested piles was found under large lateral cyclic loads. The rate effect was also determined by changing the cycle frequency. The behavior of the softening and the rate effect were determined by varying the number of cycles and the magnitude of the loads. The tests demonstrate that the maximal bending moment and soil resistance of CFFPs degrade by approximately 15 % and 25 %, respectively, from 50 to 700 cycles at the ultimate loading level. These tests confirm that the maximal bending moment was 35 % to 50 % greater under dynamic loading than under static loading, and the soil degradation was remarkable. The relatively short CFFPs more easily reached the ultimate state than the long CFFPs. The results were used to fit the modulus of subgrade reaction (k), and a new formula to predict k is proposed, which shows good precision.
The Development of a Micromechanical Apparatus Applying Combined Normal–Shear–Bending Forces to Natural Sand Grains with Artificial Bonds
Authors: Wang Wanying , Coop Matthew R. , Senetakis Kostas 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Natural soils are often cemented, and there has been a need to better understand and properly model their behavior for the safe design and assessment of critical infrastructure. This necessitates the study of cemented soils at the scale of the grain. In this study, a new-generation apparatus is presented that is capable of conducting complex load path tests on two natural sand grains cemented with an artificial bonding component. Thus, the apparatus gives the opportunity to obtain insights into the micromechanics of cemented soils/weak rocks and contribute to the development of more accurate models to be utilized in the discrete element analysis of geomaterials. Apart from the presentation of the major technical features of the new apparatus, a description of the methods which were used for specimen preparation and mounting, as well as a preliminary set of experiments, are presented and discussed in this note.
Genetic determinants of glucose levels in pregnancy: genetic risk scores analysis and GWAS in the Norwegian STORK cohort
Authors: Moen Gunn-Helen , LeBlanc Marissa , Sommer Christine , Prasad Rashmi B , Lekva Tove , Normann Kjersti R , Qvigstad Elisabeth , Groop Leif , Birkeland Kåre I , Evans David M , Frøslie Kathrine F 
Published: September 2018

Objective
Hyperglycaemia during pregnancy increases the risk of adverse health outcomes in mother and child, but the genetic aetiology is scarcely studied. Our aims were to (1) assess the overlapping genetic aetiology between the pregnant and non-pregnant population and (2) assess the importance of genome-wide polygenic contributions to glucose traits during pregnancy, by exploring whether genetic risk scores (GRSs) for fasting glucose (FG), 2-h glucose (2hG), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and BMI in non-pregnant individuals were associated with glucose measures in pregnant women.

Methods
We genotyped 529 Norwegian pregnant women and constructed GRS from known genome-wide significant variants and SNPs weakly associated (p > 5 × 10−8) with FG, 2hG, BMI and T2D from external genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and examined the association between these scores and glucose measures at gestational weeks 14–16 and 30–32. We also performed GWAS of FG, 2hG and shape information from the glucose curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results
GRSFG explained similar variance during pregnancy as in the non-pregnant population (~5%). GRSBMI and GRST2D explained up to 1.3% of the variation in the glucose traits in pregnancy. If we included variants more weakly associated with these traits, GRS2hG and GRST2D explained up to 2.4% of the variation in the glucose traits in pregnancy, highlighting the importance of polygenic contributions.

Conclusions
Our results suggest overlap in the genetic aetiology of FG in pregnant and non-pregnant individuals. This was less apparent with 2hG, suggesting potential differences in postprandial glucose metabolism inside and outside of pregnancy.
Assessment Strategies to Improve the Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis in Diabetic Foot Using Radiography
Authors: De Godoy Jose Maria Pereira 
Published: September 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a multi-system disease that affects people of both genders and any age or ethnic group. Foot wounds are common and can lead to loss of limb in cases of therapeutic failure. Aim: The aim of this study was to correlate initial diagnoses of osteomyelitis by radiography with bacterial cultures and identify ways to improve the diagnosis using this method. Method: In a prospective random clinical trial, the correlation between radiographs and bacterial cultures were evaluated in diabetic patients undergoing amputation of toes or part of the foot in Hospital de Base in the period from October 2010 to January 2012. Radiographs were considered suggestive of osteomyelitis if they identified an irregular bone surface, obliteration, bone resorption or periosteal resorption. The diagnostic impression from imaging was compared to the results of a bacterial growth culture prepared using bone removed during surgery. Results: An analysis of the radiographs identified 29 patients with results that were suggestive of osteomyelitis. Of these, the results of 27 bacterial cultures were positive. Eight of the 22 radiographs that were not suggestive of osteomyelitis were negative and 14 were positive. Conclusion: The diagnosis of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot can be improved by stratifying the results, taking the positive results and creating a diagnostic window with another diagnostic evaluation in cases that are initially negative.
Comparison of personality characteristics of nursing students with tattoo-piercing situations
Authors: KÖSE Selmin , DOĞAN Pınar , GÖKTAŞ Sonay , YILDIZ Tülin 
Published: September 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study is to perform a comparison of the personality characteristics of nursing students and their status regarding tattoos and piercings.Materials and Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of the students of the nursing departments of one private and one public university in the year 2016-2017 (n=718). Data for the study was collected using an Information Form and the Hacettepe Personality Inventory via face to face interviews. Results: 8.9% of the students were found to have tattoos, and 11% were found to have piercings. When the mean scores taken by the participants from the Hacettepe Personality Inventory were compared according to their status regarding having tattoos and piercings, a statistically significant difference to the advantage of those without tattoos was found in the social adaptation dimension. No differences in the Hacettepe Personality Inventory mean scores of the students were found according to their status regarding having piercings.Conclusion: A majority of the students were found to not have tattoos and piercings. No significant difference could be found between the tattoo/piercing statuses of the students and their personality characteristics. These results are thought to be related to the cultural values the students were raised with and the dynamics of the society they live in.
Comparison of logistic EuroSCORE, SYNTAX and EuroSCORE II for predicting 1-year mortality in patients underwent coronary bypass surgery
Authors: ATAY Mehmet , AÇIKGÖZ Burak , SAYDAM Onur , KAVALA Ali Aycan , TÜRKYILMAZ Saygın , BAKUY Vedat , GÜRSOY Mete , GÜLMALIYEV Cabir , UNGAN İsmail , AKGÜL Ahmet 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: EuroSCORE II, logistic EuroSCORE and SYNTAX scores were compared in patients who underwent CABG in order to find the ideal scoring system for mortality.Methods: This retrospective study attempted to examine the preoperative demographic characteristics, echocardiographic findings, operation notes and files, perfusion cards and observation notes of 228 patients who had undergone CABG surgery in our clinic.Results: It was found that predictive point of SYNTAX score was greater than 27.5 (&gt;27.5), the logistic regression (LR +) value was 1.5 in order to determine mortality rate. Predictive value of EuroSCORE II was higher than 1.82 (&gt;1.82) and LR+ value was 2.20. It was found that EuroSCORE II was enough to predict one-year mortality rate although its positive predictive value was low. Predictive value of logistic EuroSCORE was higher than 5.71 (&gt;5.71) and the LR+ value was 5.13 to assess the mortality rate. Logistic EuroSCORE was also sufficient to predict one-year mortality rate.Conclusion: Logistic EuroSCORE was found to be the most effective scoring system in predicting one-year mortality in this study. We conclude that randomized clinical trials need to be performed in order to find an ideal cardiac risk scoring system.