bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of extraction methods for preparation of glucosinolate-containing extracts from Brassica juncea antagonistic toward Ditylenchus dipsaci
Authors: Temiz Mehmet A. , Aksay Gamze , Özcan Ali , Yavuzaslanoğlu Elif 
Published: November 2024

Summary
The stem and bulb nematode, a globally distributed pest, primarily affects onions and garlic, causing significant yield losses. Chemical treatments are a practical and effective method for controlling plant-parasitic nematodes to protect high-value crops. However, to minimise environmental damage, chemicals of natural origin need to be investigated. Brown mustard (Brassica juncea) plant is an annual plant in the Brassicaceae family, which is rich in bioactive compounds called glucosinolates. These bioactive compounds play a major role in the defence of Brassica plants against biotic stress factors in nature. Based on this point, efforts to develop plant protection products from the brown mustard plant are ongoing. In this study, the most suitable pre-extraction and extraction conditions were determined to ensure the maximum preservation of glucosinolate content and biological activity, to process brown mustard on an industrial scale. For this purpose, steam treatment was applied before extraction at 3 bar (=3 × 105 Pa) pressure for 1 and 3 min. Four different temperatures (room temperature, 40, 55 and 70°C) and two different methanol concentrations (70% and 80%) were tested to optimise glucosinolates extraction from brown mustard. It was found that sinigrin was the most abundant glucosinolate, with extraction yields 1184.4 ± 14.4 mg kg−1 at 55°C for 3 min, and 2624.2 ± 98.5 mg kg−1 at 70°C/70% MeOH for 1 min. However, nematode immobility was higher at 55°C/70% MeOH for 3 min. It was determined that the application of hot steam for 3 min at 3 bar pressure as a pre-extraction process provided optimal conditions for methanolic extraction. The results may contribute significantly to the development of potential plant protection products with further studies.
Regulating Land in Rural Africa: An Institutional, Vulnerability Perspective
Authors: Viljoen Sue-Mari 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent scholarship has focused on socio-economic trends concerning rural degradation, urbanisation and the sustainable use of natural resources. This article draws on these studies to focus on rural Africa, its projected poverty levels, and the institutional role in relation to these estimates. It uses vulnerability theory, progressive property theory and resilient property theory to reframe rural property as an asset of resilience for both communities and the state, arguing that property is being institutionalized across rural Africa to serve political interests, backed by global demands, at the cost of local communities, and their resiliency needs.
L’idée du califat au Maroc (VIIIe-XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Mouline Nabil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores the evolution of the concept of caliphate in Morocco from the 8th to the 17th century, highlighting its usage by diverse local actors and social groups to break free from foreign influence, legitimize their authority, consolidate power, and occasionally pursue imperial aspirations. We argue that this form of universal monarchy paradoxically influenced the territorial, political, and religious development of classical Morocco.
L’adieu au califat ?
Authors: Moreau Odile 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Since the revolutionary period of the “Arab Spring”, which began in 2011, the question of the Caliphate and its persistence has been the subject of renewed interest, due to new forms of expression of the Caliphate. Implicit in this is the question of its evanescence. When, on 3 March 1924, the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara voted to abolish the caliphate, shockwaves swept through the Muslim world. Our contribution looks at the contextualisation of this decision, which in a way took on a ‘revolutionary’ dimension in a Middle Eastern scene undergoing profound reconfiguration. We will highlight the dynamics at work, and how this decision was part of the genealogy of institutional changes in the Ottoman Empire, in successive strata. After the abolition of the sultanate on 1 November 1922, the dual title of sultan-caliph disappeared, leaving the caliphate in potential remission.
Female Patients and Staff at Hanwell Asylum (1830s–1860s): Negotiating Limitations and Opportunities in a Male-dominated Medical Sphere
Authors: Dubois Laurence 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hanwell Lunatic Asylum is widely recognised as having been emblematic of Victorian British asylums, for which it represented a therapeutic model. It was nevertheless a relatively atypical institution in its way of treating male and female patients, and this was in no small part due to the personality of John Conolly, its medical superintendent from 1839 to 1852. His political convictions, deeply rooted in utopian socialism, made him less inclined to conform to middle- and upper-class social norms of the time, which tended to limit women in their social and intellectual aspirations. More typical was the undeniable tendency in the institution to strictly separate the male and female spheres, the medical profession having long been a field traditionally reserved to men. The situation was nevertheless quite different within what might be called the “social sphere” of the asylum. Here female staff played a key role, under the authority of the matron. This paper will seek to demonstrate that, despite genuine restrictions and limitations imposed on female patients and nurses – many of which were in fact imposed on both genders, and were denounced by female staff and chaplains – the asylum could nevertheless appear as a safe place for women to gain access to education, leisure and social interactions, and could even offer them some kinds of professional opportunities.
Commons-Based Memories: Programming Practices and Large Language Models
Authors: Depaz Pierre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines the role of digital interfaces in the creation and access of productive memory in the context of programming communities of practice. We first propose an analysis of question-and-answer platforms as the dominant means of creating such memories, and how such technical environment results in the constitution of knowledge commons. We then contrast these means with the emergence of programming-focused large language models, and how they represent a shift from large collaborative environment to non-human collaboration. As a result, we draw some implications regarding the sustainability of knowledge commons as well as the complementarity of digital devices in affecting the knowledge and values of the collective memories of programmers.
Knowledge
Authors: Weatherson Brian 
Published: November 2024

In this book the author argues for a groundbreaking perspective that knowledge is inherently interest-relative. This means that what one knows is influenced not just by belief, evidence, and truth, but crucially by the purposes those beliefs serve. Drawing from classical Nyāya epistemologies, the book asserts that knowledge rationalizes action: if you know something, it is sensible to act on it—and the best way to square this with an anti-sceptical epistemology is to say that knowledge is interest-relative.
While versions of this view have been debated, they haven’t gained wide acceptance. The author addresses common objections with a refined formulation and explores how this perspective elucidates the role of knowledge in inquiry, daily life, and the history of thought. Key distinctions include the impact of “long odds” situations on knowledge, the distinctive role knowledge has a starting point for inquiry, and the importance of using non-ideal models in theorising about knowledge.
Building on decades of scholarship, the author offers a cohesive theory that integrates and clarifies previous works, demonstrating that not only knowledge but also belief, rational belief, and evidence are interest-relative. This book is essential for those seeking a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between knowledge and practical interests.
Air Quality Warning and Integrated Decision Support System for Emissions (AIRWISE): Enhancing Air Quality Management in Megacities
Authors: Ghude Sachin D. , Govardhan Gaurav , Kumar Rajesh , Yadav Prafull P. , Jat Rajmal , Debnath Sreyashi , Kalita Gayatri , Jena Chinmay , Ingle Shubhangi , Gunwani Preeti , Pawar Pooja V. , Ambulkar Rupal , Kumar Sumit , Kulkarni Santosh , Kulkarni Akshay , Khare Manoj , Kaginalkar Akshara , Soni V. K. , Nigam Narendra , Ray Kamaljit , Atri S. D. , Nanjundiah Ravi , Rajeevan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Air pollution poses a significant environmental risk to large cities worldwide, including New Delhi, India’s capital. The occurrence of frequent episodes of elevated levels of air pollution during October–March in Delhi and National Capital Territory (Delhi–NCT) chokes its ∼32 million residents every year. Current air quality models lack the ability to accurately predict severe air pollution events in Delhi–NCT, rendering decision-makers helpless in their efforts to safeguard public health. To address this, a new initiative introduced a high-resolution Air Quality Early Warning System (AQEWS) in 2018, followed by the integration of a decision support system (DSS) in 2021. This enhancement enables dynamic source attribution data and diverse emission reduction scenarios within a single model forecast. The newly developed system, Air Quality Warning and Integrated Decision Support System for Emissions (AIRWISE), assimilates near-real-time satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals, satellite-based fire information, surface data from 320 air quality monitoring stations, and high-resolution emissions, resulting in an extensive modeling framework. This framework demonstrates exceptional prediction capabilities, accurately forecasting very poor air quality episodes up to 3 days in advance with a remarkable 83% accuracy, even at a street-level resolution of 400 m. The AQEWS is the world’s first operational air quality forecasting system operating at a high resolution and incorporating chemical data assimilation. The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) relies on forecast data to enforce the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi–NCT, which imposes restrictions on pollution sources. This paper outlines the AQEWS and DSS, summarizes modeling experiments, verifies forecasts, and discusses challenges in accurately predicting extreme pollution episodes.
Wall shear stress in backward‐facing step flow of a red blood cell suspension
Authors: Gijsen F.J.H. , van de Vosse F.N. , Janssen J.D. 
Published: November 2024

An experimental investigation of the wall shear stress distribution downstream of a backward‐facing step is carried out. Flow in this geometry is considered to be representative of flow in large and medium sized curved arteries and bifurcations. The wall shear stress distribution was determined by measuring the deformation of a gel layer, attached to the wall downstream of the step. Speckle pattern interferometry was applied to measure the deformation of the gel layer. The measured deformation, combined with the properties of the gel layer, served as an input for a finite element solid mechanics computation to determine the stress distribution in the gel layer. The wall shear stress, required to generate the measured deformation of the gel layer, was determined from these computations. A Newtonian buffer solution and a non‐Newtonian red blood cell suspension were used as measuring fluids. The deformation of the gel layer was determined for a Newtonian buffer solution to evaluate the method and to obtain the properties of the gel layer. Subsequently, the wall shear stress distribution for the non‐Newtonian red blood cell suspension was determined for three different flow rates. The inelastic non‐Newtonian Carreau–Yasuda model served as constitutive model for the red blood cell suspension. Using this model, the velocity and wall shear stress distribution were computed by means of a finite element fluid mechanics computation. From the comparison between the numerical and the experimental results, it can be concluded that wall shear stresses, induced by the red blood cell suspension, can be modeled accurately by employing a Carreau–Yasuda model.
Computer modeling of fluid dynamics related to a myocardial bridge in a coronary artery
Authors: Liu Hao , Yamaguchi Takami 
Published: November 2024

Fluid mechanics associated with blood flows induced by the so‐called myocardial bridge (MB) has been studied systematically using a computational fluid dynamic modeling of the Newtonian, incompressible, two‐dimensional, unsteady flow in a channel with a time‐dependently flushing in/out indentation. During each cycle, a train of vortex wave flow was observed downstream of the phasic stenosis and both upper and lower walls suffer severely from consistently high, oscillating wall shear stresses (WSS). Extensive studies were conducted on the influence of the Reynolds number, the geometry and the Strouhal number of the MB movement on the nature of the vortex flow and the time‐dependent wall shear stress distribution. Special attention was drawn to the relationship between the vortex wave and the pressure distribution. It was found that the pressure gradient changed markedly during one cycle, which was apparently dominated by the dynamics of the indentation. A steep, adverse pressure gradient was observed when the indentation was flushing out, which corresponded to the existence of the most developing vortices. It implies the possibility that the MB in a coronary artery can produce an extremely low pressure region immediately downstream of the phasic stenosis, where elastic choking or collapse of the coronary artery might occur.
The influence of mechanical loading on isolated chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs
Authors: Lee David A. , Noguchi Takashi , Frean Stephen P. , Lees Peter , Bader Dan L. 
Published: November 2024

Articular cartilage is subjected to dynamic compressive loading during normal activity which influences chondrocyte metabolism through various mechanotransduction pathways. A well characterised and reproducible model system, involving chondrocytes embedded in agarose gel, has been used to investigate the effects of mechanical compression on chondrocytes, isolated from full depth cartilage or separately from the superficial and deep zone tissue. The role of nitric oxide as a mediator of mechanical‐induced effects has also been studied. Chondrocytes were isolated, separately, from full depth, superficial and deep zone cartilage and seeded in 3% agarose constructs. Dynamic compressive strain was applied to the constructs using a range of frequencies (0.3, 1 and 3 Hz). Glycosaminoglycan synthesis, cell proliferation and nitrite production were assessed. In further experiments, constructs were compressed in the presence of 1 mM L‐NAME or 10 μM dexamethasone. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by full depth chondrocytes was affected by compressive strain in a frequency dependent manner. Dynamic strain at all frequencies induced an increase in [ $^{3}$ H]‐thymidine incorporation. Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by deep zone cells was affected by the strain regimes in a similar fashion to full depth cells, while superficial cells exhibited a similar proliferative response to full depth cells. Dynamic compression inhibited nitrite production, the effect being reversed by L‐NAME. Compression induced stimulation of [ $^{3}$ H]‐TdR incorporation was reversed by L‐NAME. These studies demonstrate that glycosaminoglycan synthesis and proliferation are influenced by the dynamic strain regimes in a distinct manner. Indeed the data suggest that these processes occur in different chondrocyte sub‐populations. It may be speculated that nitric oxide acts as a mediator of mechanotransduction processes affecting proliferation primarily in the superficial cell sub‐population.
In vitro study of intracellular IL‐1β production and β1 integrins expression in stimulated chondrocytes – Effect of rhein
Authors: Gigant‐Huselstein C. , Dumas D. , Payan E. , Muller S. , Bensoussan D. , Netter P. , Stoltz J.F. 
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the intracellular IL‐1β production and β1 integrins (α4/β1 and α5/β1) expression on chondrocytes. Chondroytes monolayer (human chondrosarcoma cell line HEM‐C55) were incubated for 12, 24 and 48 hours in the presence of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α (TNF‐α, Sigma, France) or recombinant human IL‐1α (rh‐IL1α, Becton Dickinson, France). After direct immunolabelling, cells were either analyzed on FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson, France), or observed under an epi‐fluorescence inverted microscope equipped with the CellScan EPRTM optical scanning acquisition system (IPLab‐Scanalytics, USA). We found that the IL‐1β mean fluorescence intensity in flow cytometry and in 3D microscopy was increased in the presence of TNF‐α or rh‐IL‐1α, and α4/β1 or α5/β1 expression was higher on stimulated cells than on control cells. On the other hand, we have evaluated the in vitro effects of rhein (10−5 M, Negma, France), an active metabolite of diacerein, on the intracellular IL‐1β and β1 integrins expressed by stimulated or no‐stimulated chondrocytes. The results indicated that rhein leads to a reduction of IL‐1β synthesis whereas a weak decrease of β1 integrins receptors expression is observed. From this study, it seems that rhein partially reduce cytokine‐induced intracellular IL‐1β production, and it has a weak action on α4/β1 or α5/β1 receptors.
CD34+ cells homing: Quantitative expression of adhesion molecules and adhesion of CD34+ cells to endothelial cells exposed to shear stress
Authors: Gigant C. , Latger‐Cannard V. , Bensoussan D. , Fawzi S. , Feugier P. , Bordigoni P. , Stoltz J.F. 
Published: November 2024

To investigate the function of the main adhesion receptors (CD62L, CD49d, CD49e, CD11b and CD18) on CD34+ cells during homing, their expression was quantified by flow cytometry using calibration beads. CD34+ cells were isolated from bone‐marrow (BM), cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB) from patients with myeloma. As this process might mimic the mature leukocyte migration, we also observed the effect of exposing endothelial cells to shear stress (7 dyn/cm2) on the adhesion of CB CD34+ cells. The proportion of CD34+/CD62L+ cells was greater in PB than in BM (p<0.05). Likewise, we found a significantly greater expression of CD62L receptor on PB cells compared to BM cells (p<0.05) and on BM cells compared to CB cells (p<0.05). The proportions of CD34+/CD49d+ cells and CD34+/CD49e+ cells were significantly higher in the BM and CB than in PB. However, no significant difference in CD49d or CD49e antigen densities was observed. The β2 integrins (CD11b and CD18) receptors are also implicated in CD34+ cells homing to BM. No significant variation in CD34+/CD11b+ and CD34+/CD18+ cells frequency was noted. However quantitative analysis revealed that CD18 was more strongly expressed on BM cells than on PB and CB cells. The adhesion assay showed that fluid flow may favour a firm adhesion of CB CD34+ cells to endothelial cells whereas static conditions just allowed CD34+ cells sedimentation. In conclusion, quantitative expression of the main receptors on CD34+ cells indicates that the three main sources of CD34+ cells currently used for transplantation have neither the same phenotype nor the same number of antigenic sites for a receptor. So, we hypothesize that migrational capacity of these cells might be different. Moreover, it seems that shear stress could favor adhesion of CD34+ cells to endothelial cells.
Dermal fibroblasts respond to mechanical conditioning in a strain profile dependent manner
Authors: Berry C.C. , Cacou C. , Lee D.A. , Bader D.L. , Shelton J.C. 
Published: November 2024

Fibroblasts within tissues are exposed to a dynamic mechanical environment, which influences the structural integrity of both healthy and healing soft tissues. Various systems have been proposed to subject such cells to mechanical stimulation in culture. However the diverse nature of the studies, in terms of the strain profiles and the cell types, makes direct comparisons almost impossible. The present study addresses this issue by examining the metabolic response of two cell types subjected to three well defined strain profiles. A young fibroblast cell population, represented by HuFFs, showed both greater cell proliferation and collagen production than adult dermal fibroblasts under unstrained conditions. The three strain profiles produced differing effects on both cell types. Uniaxial strains enhanced [3H]‐thymidine incorporation for both cell types, whilst biaxial strains either inhibited or had no effect on its incorporation. In contrast, [3H]‐proline incorporation was inhibited under biaxial and uniaxial strains for the adult fibroblasts, whilst the HuFF cells showed a small increase in proline incorporation under non‐uniform and uniaxial strains.
Comparative analysis of diffusive and stress induced nutrient transport efficiency in the lacunar–canalicular system of osteons
Authors: Petrov Nikola , Pollack Solomon R. 
Published: November 2024

Marker migration experiments suggest that cyclic mechanical loading of cortical bone in vivo increases marker penetration into bone. Is this a result of stress induced fluid flow or of stress stimulation of active transport processes? Active lacunar–canalicular transport of nutrients was suggested by Ham in 1979 on the basis of the presence of actin filaments in osteocyte processes and their suspected role in cell motility. In addition, Tanaka in 1984 observed active transport of microperoxidase in bone and Tanaka‐Kamioka et al. in 1998 observed experimentally that osteocyte processes are able to actively change their form. In this study we performed parametric and comparative analyses of the transport efficiencies of diffusion and stress generated fluid flow of (glucose) nutrients in lacunar–canalicular systems in cortical bone. The result obtained is that neither diffusion nor stress induced fluid flow is capable of sustaining osteocyte viability. It is possible that cyclic stress stimulates an active nutrient transport mechanism to supplement stress flows.