bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Modulation of Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Photoresponsive Assemblies
Authors: Hashimoto Yuichiro , Nakashima Takuya , Kuno Jumpei , Yamada Miku , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA photochromic molecule composed of a helical tetrathiazole framework and two pyrene units bridged by amino acid spacers exhibited on‐off photoswitching of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of a pyrene‐excimer‐like state in a molecularly dispersed state. The pyrene‐modified chiral tetrathiazole is employed as a building unit of supramolecular aggregates and self‐assembled into spherical nanoparticles in a methylcyclohexane‐based mixed solvent system. The spherical assemblies showed an enhancement of CPL activity compared to that of the molecularly dispersed state. UV light irradiation of the self‐assembled state gave rise to a 6π‐electrocyclization reaction in the photoresponsive tetrathiazole framework. The photoreaction of the self‐assembly component led to efficient emission quenching via energy transfer from the pyrene unit to the colored photochrome center in the aggregates. The CPL activity was diminished along with this emission quenching. The photoreaction also brought about the clouding of the solution due to a secondary aggregation of spherical assemblies. The CPL activity as well as the secondary aggregation were reversibly modulated by successive photoirradiation using UV and visible (>440 nm) light.
Development of theoretical framework and measures for the role of social media in realizing corporate social responsibility through native and non‐native communication modes: Moderating effects of cross‐cultural management
Authors: Hao Yunhong , Farooq Qamar , Sun Yuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBusinesses have recognized the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for overall fulfillment of strategic prerequisites. Long‐term success for any business enterprise is not possible without giving due attention to CSR. This paper aims to ascertain the unfamiliar communication links that can influence realization of CSR. It also discusses the possible mediating effects of two basic communication modes on CSR when used through social media. It is of further interest for future researchers due to the study of the moderator cross‐cultural management, which can strengthen the relationship between usage of social media and CSR realization. By exploring the utilization of social media for communication of CSR, this report is an important step towards empirical research to produce a concrete theory based on the methodology, tests and measures prescribed herein.
Characterizing BJTs using the Early voltage in the forward active mode
Authors: Costa Luciano da F. , Silva Filipi Nascimento , Comin Cesar H. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBipolar junction transistors (BJTs) have been at the core of linear electronics from its beginnings. Here, we suggest an Early‐based inspired geometric model of BJT devices and its application to derive models of related electronic circuits (more specifically a common‐emitter configuration). The approach involves using a beam of isolines converging at the Early voltage as the model of a BJT. The angles of the isolines are experimentally verified often to vary almost linearly with the base current. A numerical methodology is suggested for the Early voltage estimation and applied to 12 real‐world small signal NPN BJTs. Interesting results are obtained, including the identification of diverse Early voltage values for different BJT types and estimation of transfer functions.
Improvement of high‐voltage impulses in track circuits with Kasami and LS codes
Authors: Yuan Lei , Yang Yuan , Hernández Álvaro 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTrack circuit systems based on high‐voltage impulses (HVI) have already been used in China to detect the state of track sections. With the demand for more reliable intelligent transportation systems in recent years, new advances, improvements, and innovations are being applied to their development. This work defines a HVI track circuit based on the encoding of the transmitted signal. Not only 15‐bit and 63‐bit Kasami sequences but also 19‐bit and 71‐bit loosely synchronized codes are applied to encode simultaneous HVI transmissions from 2 emitters. Train occupancy in different parts of the track section is also considered. The quality of the detection is evaluated by means of the correlation bounds. Furthermore, a simulation model for double‐track railways has been developed, which can be dedicated to the evaluation of a suitable signal processing in the track circuit under study. Compared to previous HVI track circuits, as a novelty, this work proposes the use of encoded transmissions to these track circuits, to improve their performance in terms of scanned distance and detection accuracy. The correlation properties of the sequences involved also make feasible to avoid any synchronization link between emitters and receivers, thus providing a significant advantage for later deployment.
Determination of partial factor for model uncertainty for unreinforced masonry shear walls
Authors: Salehi Hamidreza 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExperiments in structural engineering can play an important role in the prediction and characterization of the material properties and behaviour of structural components. In order to cover all aspects in tests and use the results for design purposes, several methods have been included in EN 1990 Annex D for design based on test data. The calculation of characteristic values and design values for material resistance are the main aspects. In this study, the recommended methods in Annex D of EN 1990 for resistance of the material will be used to extract the partial safety factors for masonry structures based on the formulation of design and characteristic values. A database including more than 100 tests on unreinforced masonry shear walls will be used to evaluate the results. The resistance model for shear walls based on the recommendation in the Eurocode will be compared with the test results. The main aim will be to compare the model prediction and the test results. Deviation of the prediction from the test is caused by model error or model uncertainty. The test database includes results for three types of masonry units – fired clay, calcium silicate and autoclaved aerated concrete. The evaluation of partial factors for masonry shear models will be undertaken based on the scatter and the model bias for the whole database. Further analysis will also be performed for each type of masonry unit for classification of the outcome.
Deflection limitation of beam‐type reinforced masonry constructions – proposals for future requirements
Authors: Gunkler Erhard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeflection limitation of reinforced masonry building elements under bending is undertaken according in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1:2013‐02, Section 5.5.2.6, Table 5.2 [N 4], by limiting the span l ef or the ratio of lef to the effective depth d, for example lef/d ≤ 20 for simply supported beams. A further requirement in DIN EN 1996‐1‐1:2013‐02, Section 7.3, states that reinforced masonry elements should not deflect excessively under serviceability loading conditions. For reinforced masonry with dimensions, which are within the limits stated in clause 5.5.2.6 [N 4], acceptable vertical deflection of a beam can normally be assumed.In this scientific paper, the figures stated in [N 4] for the limitation of the bending slenderness l ef/d of reinforced masonry beams like masonry or prefabricated lintels are checked by calculation with the ”ζ procedure“ from reinforced concrete theory. The suitability of this procedure was first demonstrated by comparing calculated and experimentally obtained values.It was determined that maintenance of the bending slenderness ratio lef/d ≤ 20 for the tested calcium silicate masonry lintels does not always lead to deflection values w/lef ≤ 1/250. For prefabricated straight (flat arch) calcium silicate lintels and horizontal aerated concrete lintels with limit slendernesses of lef/d ≤ 15 and calcium silicate masonry lintels with lef/d ≤ 10, w/lef ≤ 1/250 was fulfilled.With regard to future requirements for the tested reinforced masonry constructions, a method is proposed for the calculation of the limit slenderness ratio lef/d, which leads to maintenance of w/lef ≤ 1/250. Furthermore, the presented ”ζ procedure“ enables reliable calculation of deflection figures at the serviceability limit state considering long‐term effects.
Prediction of stiffness, force and drift capacity of modern in‐plane loaded URM walls
Authors: Wilding Bastian Valentin , Beyer Katrin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractUnreinforced masonry (URM) walls show a limited horizontal in‐plane deformation capacity, which can lead to an unfavorable seismic response. To predict this response, the walls' effective stiffness, shear force and drift capacity are required. While mechanics‐based models for the force capacity are well established, such approaches are largely lacking for the effective stiffness and the drift capacity. The mostly empirical code equations for the two latter parameters lead to often unsatisfactory and, in the case of drift capacities, sometimes unconservative predictions when compared to test results. This article summarises recently developed simple closed‐form equations for the effective stiffness, the shear force and the drift capacity. Furthermore, it compares said formulations and currently used code equations to a database of shear compression tests. It shows that the novel models capture the effective stiffness and the drift capacity more accurately than current code equations. The shear force capacity is predicted with a similar reliability, yet using a very simple formulation.
Innovative insulation technology for the reduction of thermal transmission losses in cavity walls
Authors: Alkhateeb Eyas , Youssef Hassan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe German energy‐saving regulations (EnEV) are continuously revised to make the statutory requirements for thermal insulation of new buildings more stringent, which results in an increased need for highly effective insulation systems.The objective of a research project being carried out at the TU Dresden, Faculty of Architecture, Chair of Structural Design is to solve the problem of reducing thermal losses from masonry buildings through the development of an innovative insulation and fixing system for cavity wall building. The newly developed insulation system should fulfil the essential requirements regarding geometry, loadbearing capacity, flexibility, lifetime and capability of dismantling as well as current requirements for energy saving to ensure the zero energy standard. The research project is mainly based on the use of vacuum panels (VIP vacuum insulated panels) as the central insulation layer in cavity masonry walls and the development of a linear tie system [1], [2].
Differentiation between the terms ”confined masonry“ and ”infill masonry“
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis publication concerns the differentiation between the terms ”confined masonry“ and ”infill masonry“ using the example of the national technical approval Z‐17.1‐1145 – POROTON S9 MW –vertically perforated clay units with integrated thermal insulation using thin layer mortar [1].
Difference in plasticity of resting metabolic rate – the proximate explanation to different niche breadth in sympatricFicedulaflycatchers
Authors: McFarlane S. Eryn , Ålund Murielle , Sirkiä Päivi M. , Qvarnström Anna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVariation in relative fitness of competing recently formed species across heterogeneous environments promotes coexistence. However, the physiological traits mediating such variation in relative fitness have rarely been identified. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is tightly associated with life history strategies, thermoregulation, diet use, and inhabited latitude and could therefore moderate differences in fitness responses to fluctuations in local environments, particularly when species have adapted to different climates in allopatry. We work in a long‐term study of collared (Ficedula albicollis)and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) in a recent hybrid zone located on the Swedish island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Here, we explore whether differences inRMRmatch changes in relative performance of growing flycatcher nestlings across environmental conditions using an experimental approach. The fitness of pied flycatchers has previously been shown to be less sensitive to the mismatch between the peak in food abundance and nestling growth among late breeders. Here, we find that pied flycatcher nestlings have lowerRMRin response to higher ambient temperatures (associated with low food availability). We also find that experimentally relaxed nestling competition is associated with an increasedRMRin this species. In contrast, collared flycatcher nestlings did not vary theirRMRin response to these environmental factors. Our results suggest that a more flexible nestlingRMRin pied flycatchers is responsible for the better adaptation of pied flycatchers to the typical seasonal changes in food availability experienced in this hybrid zone. Generally, subtle physiological differences that have evolved when species were in allopatry may play an important role to patterns of competition, coexistence, or displacements between closely related species in secondary contact.
Plant community responses to increased precipitation and belowground litter addition: Evidence from a 5‐year semiarid grassland experiment
Authors: Chen Hongxia , Ma Linna , Xin Xiaoping , Liu Junyao , Wang Renzhong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGlobal climate change is predicted to stimulate primary production and consequently increases litter inputs. Changing precipitation regimes together with enhanced litter inputs may affect plant community composition and structure, with consequent influence on diversity and ecosystem functioning. Responses of plant community to increased precipitation and belowground litter addition were examined lasting 5 years in a semiarid temperate grassland of northeastern China. Increased precipitation enhanced community species richness and abundance of annuals by 16.8% and 44%, but litter addition suppressed them by 25% and 54.5% after 5 years, respectively. During the study period, perennial rhizome grasses and forbs had consistent negative relationship under ambient plots, whereas positive relationship between the two functional groups was found under litter addition plots after 5 years. In addition, increased precipitation and litter addition showed significant interaction on community composition, because litter addition significantly increased biomass and abundance of rhizome grasses under increased precipitation plots but had no effect under ambient precipitation levels. Our findings emphasize the importance of water availability in modulating the responses of plants community to potentially enhanced litter inputs in the semiarid temperate grassland.
Do artificial velocity refuges mitigate the physiological and behavioural consequences of hydropeaking on a freshwater Iberian cyprinid?
Authors: Costa M.J. , Boavida I. , Almeida V. , Cooke S.J. , Pinheiro A.N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rapid flow fluctuations experienced downstream of hydropeaking facilities can alter the river hydromorphology. Given the dependence of riverine fish on physical habitat, those alterations have the potential to change the physiology and behaviour of fish. We assessed whether artificial velocity refuges mitigated the physiological and behavioural consequences of hydropeaking for the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei). Hydropeaking trials were conducted in an indoor flume equipped with deflectors that created low flow velocity areas to serve as refuges. The FLOW‐3D was used to obtain detailed characterizations of the different velocity fields, which facilitated the interpretation of fish responses. Changes in flow magnitude and duration triggered stress responses, demonstrated by the increased blood glucose levels in the single up‐ramping event for 60 L s−1and in the step up‐ramping event. Fish tended to seek out velocity refuges to avoid higher flow velocities and harsh hydraulic conditions at peak flows, and during the longer events. The movement behaviour frequency increased when fish were subjected to the highest peak flow (60 L s−1), particularly the individual sprints and the drifts. For the base flow (7 L s−1) and the lowest peak flow (20 L s−1) conditions, fish swam freely in the flume, whereas in the harshest hydraulic conditions they showed more difficulty in finding velocity refuges. This research presents a novel approach by combining physiology and behavioural observations with hydraulic modelling to assess the extent to which artificial flow refuges mitigate the consequences of hydropeaking. Our work serves as a model approach for future mitigation studies for fish in hydropeaking rivers.
Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability
Authors: Andrew Carrie , Heegaard Einar , Høiland Klaus , Senn‐Irlet Beatrice , Kuyper Thomas W. , Krisai‐Greilhuber Irmgard , Kirk Paul M. , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Gange Alan C. , Egli Simon , Bässler Claus , Büntgen Ulf , Boddy Lynne , Kauserud Håvard 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude, and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation, and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 d, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 d, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic groups as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.
Emergent niche structuring leads to increased differences from neutrality in species abundance distributions
Authors: Rael Rosalyn C. , D'Andrea Rafael , Barabás György , Ostling Annette 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpecies abundance distributions must reflect the dynamic processes involved in community assembly, but whether and when specific processes lead to distinguishable signals is not well understood. Biodiversity and species abundances may be shaped by a variety of influences, but particular attention has been paid to competition, which can involve neutral dynamics, where competitor abundances are governed only by demographic stochasticity and immigration, and dynamics driven by trait differences that enable stable coexistence through the formation of niches. Key recent studies of the species abundance patterns of communities with niches employ simple models with pre‐imposed niche structure. These studies suggest that species abundance distributions are insensitive to the relative contributions of niche and neutral processes, especially when diversity is much higher than the number of niches. Here we analyze results from a stochastic population model with competition driven by trait differences. With this model, niche structure emerges as clumps of species that persist along the trait axis, and leads to more substantial differences from neutral species abundance distributions than have been previously shown. We show that heterogeneity in “between‐niche” interaction strength (i.e., in the strength of competition between species in different niches) plays the dominant role in shaping the species abundances along the trait axis, acting as a biotic filter favoring species at the centers of niches. Furthermore, we show that heterogeneity in “within‐niche” interactions (i.e., in the competition between species in the same niche) counteracts the influence of heterogeneity in “between‐niche” interactions on theSADto some degree. Our results suggest that competitive interactions that produce niches can also influence the shapes ofSADs.
Screening and Application of a New Aptamer for the Rapid Detection of Sudan Dye III
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Jie , Qiao Pu , Jing Le , Song Yuzhu , Zhang Jinyang , Chen Qiang , Han Qinqin 
Published: April 2018

Sudan dye is generally used as a coloring agent in textile and cosmetic industries. However, Sudan dye exhibits potentials to cause cancer, toxicity, and allergy because of its metabolites including amines and naphthol related substances. Despite banning Sudan dye, the Sudan dye is used by many unscrupulous food manufacturers for enhancing food appearance. This paper introduces a new aptamer based on Sudan III detection methods. An in vitro selection and amplification method named SELEX (Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment) is employed to screen out Sudan III specific aptamer. The desired aptamer is obtained after 12 rounds of screening and cloning. To establish aptamer affinity and specificity for Sudan III, ELONA (enzyme‐linked oligonucleotide assay) and dot blot analyses are performed. ELONA assay indicates that 100 nM is the optimum concentration of the aptamer for Sudan III detection, while the minimum detection limit of Sudan III is 4 ng/well. The aptamer exhibits stable secondary structure with the stem‐loop and G‐quadruplex in the main structure. The selected single ssDNA aptamer C07 demonstrates binding affinity and the highest specificity to Sudan III (C07: KD = 22.37 ± 3.943 nmol L−1). Based on the results, a good correlation is observed between aptamer C07 and Sudan III and it is concluded that the new Sudan III specific aptamer has potential to be applied for rapid and accurate detection of the Sudan III in food products.Practical Applications: Examination of the chili sauce sample in a simulation experiment indicates that the aptamer C07 can be applied to rapid detection in foods. The nucleic acid aptamers‐based food detection method has the advantages of high sensitivity, specificity, easy operation, short detection time, and low cost. It can realize the rapid detection of illegal additives in foods, which has a great significance in the field of food safety research.The SELEX method is used to select a new Sudan III specific aptamer. ELONA and Dot blot assays further suggest that aptamer C07 can be used for selective detection of Sudan III. Therefore, the detection in chili sauce samples offers feasibility for more complex samples.