bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of casein, hydrolyzed casein, and whey proteins on urinary and postprandial plasma metabolites in overweight and moderately obese human subjects
Authors: Schmedes Mette , Bendtsen Line Q , Gomes Sisse , Liaset Bjørn , Holst Jens J , Ritz Christian , Reitelseder Søren , Sjödin Anders , Astrup Arne , Young Jette F , Sundekilde Ulrik K , Bertram Hanne C 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCasein and whey proteins differ in amino acid composition and absorption rate; however, the absorption rate of casein can be increased to mimic that of whey proteins by exogenous hydrolysis. In view of these compositional differences, we studied the metabolic responses to intake of casein, hydrolyzed casein, and whey proteins in overweight and moderately obese men and women by investigating select urinary and blood plasma metabolites.RESULTSA total of 21 urinary and 23 plasma metabolites were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The postprandial plasma metabolites revealed a significant diet–time interaction for isoleucine (P = 0.001) and tyrosine (P = 0.001). The level of isoleucine and tyrosine peaked 90 min postprandially with a 1.4‐fold difference following intake of whey proteins compared with either casein or hydrolyzed casein. A 1.2‐fold higher urinary level of lactate was observed after intake of whey proteins compared with intake of intact casein (P < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThe plasma metabolites revealed different amino acid profiles reflecting the amino acid composition of casein and whey proteins. Furthermore, the results support that casein hydrolysates neither affect the postprandial amino acid absorption rate nor the amino acid level compared with that of intact casein. The urinary lactate increases following whey protein intake might indicate a higher metabolism of glucogenic amino acids. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of honey adulteration with beet sugar and corn syrup using infrared spectroscopy and genetic‐algorithm‐based multivariate calibration
Authors: Başar Başak , Özdemir Durmuş 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) equipped with attenuated total reflectance accessory was used to determine honey adulteration. Adulterated honey samples were prepared by adding corn syrup, beet sugar and water as adulterants to the pure honey samples in various amounts. The spectra of adulterated and pure honey samples (n = 209) were recorded between 4000 and 600 cm−1 wavenumber range.RESULTSGenetic‐algorithm‐based inverse least squares (GILS) and partial least squares (PLS) methods were used to determine honey content and amount of adulterants. Results indicated that the multivariate calibration generated with GILS could produce successful models with standard error of cross‐validation in the range 0.97–2.52%, and standard error of prediction between 0.90 and 2.19% (% w/w) for all the components contained in the adulterated samples. Similar results were obtained with PLS, generating slightly larger standard error of cross‐validation and standard error of prediction values.CONCLUSIONThe fact that the models were generated with several honey samples coming from various different botanical and geographical origins, quite successful results were obtained for the detection of adulterated honey samples with a simple Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. Having a genetic algorithm for variable selection helped to build somewhat better models with GILS compared with PLS. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
What publishers can take away from the latest early career researcher research
Authors: Nicholas David , Watkinson Anthony , Abrizah Abdullah , Boukacem‐Zeghmouri Cherifa , Xu Jie , Rodríguez‐Bravo Blanca , Świgoń Marzena , Herman Eti 
Published: April 2018

Key points

Early career researchers (ECRs) consider journals the central form of communication – but are concerned about pressure to publish.
ECRs want to share but currently accept the closed publishing system because of the need to build a traditional reputation.
ECRs know – and appear to care – little about publishers but trust them as publishing and reviewing facilitators.
Editors are criticized for not managing peer review with better selection of reviewers.
Megajournals are not seen as the future journal form and criticized for lack of selectivity.
ECRs want open access/science in principle but are circumspect about their contribution to it.
ResearchGate is a key force for change as ECRs consider it a mainstay communication and reputation platform.
A Novel Method for Manufacturing High‐Performance Layered Silicate/Epoxy Nanocomposites Using an Epoxy–Diamine Adduct to Enhance Compatibility and Interfacial Reactivity
Authors: Wei Ran , Wang Xiaoqun , Zhang Xu , Wang Shijie , Zhu Shouyu , Du Shanyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo solve the bottlenecks of poor dispersion and weak interface in nanocomposites, a novel epoxy–diamine adduct (TMA) is synthesized by reacting the epoxy monomer with the curing agent diamine to functionalize montmorillonite (MMT), which is designed to have perfect compatibility and reactivity with the epoxy matrix. Then, pristine MMT and TMA–MMT are incorporated with epoxy resin to fabricate nanocomposites. The correlations between surface functionalization, morphology, and interfacial interaction of the sheets and the composites properties are systematically investigated. The results show that the adduct is successfully synthesized and is terminated with epoxy and amine groups. Improved dispersion/exfoliation with larger surface fractal and smaller gyration radius of TMA–MMT can be obviously observed. At 3 wt% MMT loading, both the strength and modulus obtained from tensile and flexural tests improve significantly (by ≈40%). Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibits excellent N2 barrier properties. The gas permeability is dramatically reduced by 91% compared to that of the neat epoxy. A model for gas permeation in the nanocomposite reveals that the MMT platelets are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix. Consequently, the improved dispersion/exfoliation and enhancement of the properties confirm the superiority of the adduct generated from the matrix, providing a general method for the development of high‐performance nanocomposites.
Automated pixel‐wise brain tissue segmentation of diffusion‐weighted images via machine learning
Authors: Ciritsis Alexander , Boss Andreas , Rossi Cristina 
Published: April 2018

The diffusion‐weighted (DW) MR signal sampled over a wide range of b‐values potentially allows for tissue differentiation in terms of cellularity, microstructure, perfusion, and T2 relaxivity. This study aimed to implement a machine learning algorithm for automatic brain tissue segmentation from DW‐MRI datasets, and to determine the optimal sub‐set of features for accurate segmentation.DWI was performed at 3 T in eight healthy volunteers using 15 b‐values and 20 diffusion‐encoding directions. The pixel‐wise signal attenuation, as well as the trace and fractional anisotropy (FA) of the diffusion tensor, were used as features to train a support vector machine classifier for gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid classes. The datasets of two volunteers were used for validation. For each subject, tissue classification was also performed on 3D T1‐weighted data sets with a probabilistic framework. Confusion matrices were generated for quantitative assessment of image classification accuracy in comparison with the reference method.DWI‐based tissue segmentation resulted in an accuracy of 82.1% on the validation dataset and of 82.2% on the training dataset, excluding relevant model over‐fitting. A mean Dice coefficient (DSC) of 0.79 ± 0.08 was found. About 50% of the classification performance was attributable to five features (i.e. signal measured at b‐values of 5/10/500/1200 s/mm2 and the FA). This reduced set of features led to almost identical performances for the validation (82.2%) and the training (81.4%) datasets (DSC = 0.79 ± 0.08).Machine learning techniques applied to DWI data allow for accurate brain tissue segmentation based on both morphological and functional information.
Describing the leadership capabilities of advanced practice nurses using a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Lamb Alyson , Martin‐Misener Ruth , Bryant‐Lukosius Denise , Latimer Margot 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to explore advanced practice nurses’ perceptions of their leadership capabilities.DesignA qualitative descriptive methodology informed by a well‐established leadership framework was used to explore advanced practice nurses’ perceptions of their leadership.MethodsPurposive sampling of advanced practice nurses working in tertiary acute care facilities in Eastern Canada was employed. Data sources included face‐to‐face interviews and document analysis. Fourteen advanced practice nurses participated in two audio‐taped semi‐structured interviews from March 2013–January 2014. Data were transcribed and analysed using NVIVO 10 software and content analysis.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: “Patient‐focused leadership” and “organization and system‐focused leadership”. These two themes are further described through leadership domains and capabilities that clearly articulate advanced practice nursing leadership and its contribution to improving the care environment for patients and families, nurses and other healthcare providers, organizations and the healthcare system.
Self‐descriptions on LinkedIn: Recruitment or friendship identity?
Authors: Garcia Danilo , Cloninger Kevin M. , Granjard Alexandre , Molander‐Söderholm Kristian , Amato Clara , Sikström Sverker 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe used quantitative semantics to find clusters of words in LinkedIn users’ self‐descriptions to an employer or a friend. Some of these clusters discriminated between worker and friend conditions (e.g., flexible vs. caring) and between LinkedIn users with high and low education (e.g., analytical vs. messy).
Case report: Giant cystic lesions with a rare pulmonary diagnosis
Authors: Siew Ruth , Cheng Eulalia R. Y. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA 14‐year‐old male who presented with back pain was found to have giant cystic lesions on CXR and emphysematous changes on chest CT. He underwent right lobectomies and histopathology of the resected lesions demonstrated giant bullous emphysema with placental transmogrification. This has not been previously described in a pediatric patient. We describe his clinical findings, pulmonary function tests, and post‐operative course. The pathogenesis of placental transmogrification remains uncertain. As this is the first reported pediatric case, we propose that giant bullous emphysema with placental transmogrification should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cystic lesions in the pediatric age group.
Power of lower extremities is most important determinant of agility among physically inactive or active adult people
Authors: Manderoos Sirpa , Vaara Mariitta , Karppi Sirkka‐Liisa , Aunola Sirkka , Puukka Pauli , Surakka Jukka , Mälkiä Esko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine the relationships between agility, running speed, jumping height and length, body mass index, self‐report pain in back and in lower extremities, personal factors as self‐report health and fitness, and leisure time physical activity in physically inactive or active adult people.MethodsAltogether, 233 healthy subjects, 149 women (43.0 ± 7.3 years) and 84 men (44.0 ± 7.7 years), participated into study. Outcome measures were described in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains.ResultsMultiple regression analysis showed that jumping length explained 24.6% and 15.3% of the variance associated with agility in women and men (adjusted R2 = .246, p < .001; adjusted R2 = .153, p = .001, respectively).ConclusionsJumping length was the main determinant of agility among physically inactive or active women and men. The findings of this study strengthen opinion that the Agility Test for Adults demands also other physical and cognitive characteristics as measured now and their part explaining agility results may be relatively great. We suggest that perception and decision making explain for a great part in agility. It seems that body mass index does not play important role in agility, but physical inactivity can explain or increase the decline of agility. Also, various biological mechanisms in aging process can be linked to the deterioration of capacity of agility.
Hydrazide Salts of Di‐Picric Acid as Dense and Insensitive Energetic Materials
Authors: Devi Alka , Dharavath Srinivas , Ghule Vikas D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEnergetic dipicrate hydrazide salts were synthesized by combining picric acid (PA) as anion and carbohydrazide and oxalyldihydrazide as cations in stoichiometric amounts (2 : 1 mol ratio). The structures of 2,2′‐carbonyldi(hydrazin‐1‐ium) bispicrate (1) and 2,2′‐(1,2‐dioxoethane‐1,2‐diyl)di(hydrazin‐1‐ium) bispicrate (2) were investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, illustrate that both crystals of 1 and 2 belong to the monoclinic system (space group, C2/c). The prepared salts were thoroughly characterized using NMR, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA). The detonation velocities and pressures of salts 1 (8.02 km/s, 27.8 GPa) and 2 (8.23 km/s, 30.5 GPa) were computed by using EXPLO5 code. They exhibit high density, acceptable oxygen balance, good detonation properties and admirable thermal stability.
Risk Factors for Surgical Complications in Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Lindmark Mikael , Strigård Karin , Löwenmark Thyra , Dahlstrand Ursula , Gunnarsson Ulf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for an adverse event, i.e. early surgical complication, need for ICU care and readmission, following ventral hernia repair. Our hypothesis was that there is an association between an increased complication rate following ventral hernia repair and specific factors, including hernia size, BMI > 35, concomitant bowel surgery, ASA‐class, age, gender and method of hernia repair.MethodsData from a hernia database with prospectively entered data on 408 patients operated for ventral hernia between 2007 and 2014 at two Swedish university hospitals were analysed. A 3‐month follow‐up of complications, need for intensive care and readmission, was performed by reviewing the medical records.ResultsEighty‐one of 408 patients (20%) had a registered complication. Fifty‐eight (14%) of these were classed as Clavien I–IIIa, and in 19 cases a Clavien IIIb–IV complication was reported. Large hernia size was associated with increased risk for early complication. A Kendall Tau test analysis revealed a proportional relationship between hernia size and modified Clavien outcome class (p < 0.001). Morbid obesity, ASA‐class, method, hernia recurrence, age and concomitant bowel surgery were not statistically significant predictors of adverse events.ConclusionsAssessment of hernia aperture size is of great importance in the preoperative evaluation of ventral hernia patients to consider risk for post‐operative complications. These results suggest a careful attitude when applying watchful waiting concepts and when postponing hernia surgery to achieve weight loss. A delaying attitude may result in increased risk of complications caused by increasing hernia size.
Galectin‐3 and incident cognitive impairment in REGARDS, a cohort of blacks and whites
Authors: Venkatraman Anand , Callas Peter , McClure Leslie A. , Unverzagt Fred , Arora Garima , Howard Virginia , Wadley Virginia G. , Cushman Mary , Arora Pankaj 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between serum galectin‐3 and incident cognitive impairment was analyzed in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study.MethodsBaseline galectin‐3 was measured in 455 cases of incident cognitive impairment and 546 controls. Galectin‐3 was divided into quartiles based on the weighted distribution in the control group, and the first quartile was the referent.ResultsThere was an increasing odds of cognitive impairment across quartiles of galectin‐3 (odds ratios, 1.00 [0.68–1.46], 1.45 [1.01–2.10], and 1.58 [1.10–2.27] relative to the quartile 1; P trend = .003) in an unadjusted model, which persisted after adjusting for age, sex, and race (P = .004). Adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors greatly attenuated this association (odds ratios, 0.97 [0.60–1.57], 1.52 [0.94–2.46], and 1.27 [0.76–2.12]; P = .15). The association differed by diabetes status (P interaction, .007). Among nondiabetics (293 cases, 411 controls), those with galectin‐3 in the fourth compared with first quartile had an odds ratio of 1.6 (0.95–2.99; P trend, .02). In diabetics, the odds ratio was 0.23 (0.04–1.33).DiscussionSerum galectin‐3 was associated with increased risk of incident cognitive impairment in a large cohort study of blacks and whites but only in nondiabetics.
Tracing the Absolute Time-Frame of the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean
Authors: Arvaniti Theodora , Maniatis Yannis 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Early Bronze Age (EBA) is associated with technological and cultural changes that may suggest the onset of a new culture. The question usually posed is whether the spread of the EBA culture is a matter of contemporary evolutionary practices or a matter of migration of peoples. We contribute to this discussion by tracing the appearance and spread of the EBA in the Aegean using an absolute time-frame provided by more than 200 radiocarbon (14C) dates from 25 different Aegean sites. These have been compiled and statistically treated, individually, and in geographical groups to allow temporal and spatial comparisons. A new model is constructed for the first time for northern Greece. The dates are compared between various settlements and areas in each of the traditional cultural divisions EBA I, EBA II, and EBA III and possible subdivisions. The statistical treatment and comparisons indicate that the EBA appeared slightly earlier, around 3300 BC, in northern Greece than in southern Greece, and the Cycladic Islands and also lasted longer in some areas in northern Greece, ending at around 1900 BC.
INTEGRATED NUTRIENT–WEED MANAGEMENT UNDER MECHANISED DRY DIRECT SEEDING (DDS) IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUSTAINED SMALLHOLDER ADOPTION IN RAINFED LOWLAND RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)
Authors: SENGXUA PHENG , JACKSON TAMARA , SIMALI PHETSAMONE , VIAL LEIGH K. , DOUANGBOUPHA KHAMSOUK , CLARKE ELIZABETH , HARNPICHITVITAYA DOME , WADE LEN J. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYIn rainfed lowland rice-based systems, increasing labour scarcity due to off-farm employment is encouraging farmers to switch from transplanting to dry direct seeding (DDS). To assure stable productivity at a level comparable with or superior to transplanting, DDS management must ensure rice seedlings have access to nutrients in order to be competitive with weeds, which must also be suppressed. This paper examined farmer perceptions of DDS using a farmer survey, and used on-farm experiments to examine responses of rainfed lowland rice to integrated nutrient–weed management, based around mechanised DDS. In the survey, weeds were the biggest problem faced by farmers in using DDS (61%). In 90% of cases, farmers reported that weeds had increased under DDS, with most farmers (78%) controlling weeds by hand. All farmers said they would use DDS in the following season (100%), due to labour savings (47%), timeliness of operations, improved productivity, low investment or a combination of these (44%). In on-farm experiments, banding nutrients with the seed at sowing enhanced early dry matter of rice, while early weed dry matter was reduced. Early weed control using ducklings or hand weeding reduced weed competition and increased rice growth, with ducklings providing additional yield benefits over hand weeding. Early increases in seedling vigour of rice, and in weed suppression, carried through to greater dry matter and yield of rice at maturity. Integrated nutrient–weed management in mechanised DDS increased DDS yields, reduced DDS yield variability and contributed to sustainability of DDS rice systems.
The dendroidal category is a test category
Authors: ARA DIMITRI , CISINSKI DENIS-CHARLES , MOERDIJK IEKE 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe prove that the category of trees Ω is a test category in the sense of Grothendieck. This implies that the category of dendroidal sets is endowed with the structure of a model category Quillen-equivalent to spaces. We show that this model category structure, up to a change of cofibrations, can be obtained as an explicit left Bousfield localisation of the operadic model category structure.
International Emergency Medical Teams Training Workshop Special Report
Authors: Albina Anthony , Archer Laura , Boivin Marlène , Cranmer Hilarie , Johnson Kirsten , Krishnaraj Gautham , Maneshi Anali , Oddy Lisa , Redwood-Campbell Lynda , Russell Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe World Health Organization’s (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Initiative created guidelines which define the basic procedures to be followed by personnel and teams, as well as the critical points to discuss before deploying a field hospital. However, to date, there is no formal standardized training program established for EMTs before deployment. Recognizing that the World Association of Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) Congress brings together a diverse group of key stakeholders, a pre-Congress workshop was organized to seek out collective expertise and to identify key EMT training competencies for the future development of training programs and protocols. The future of EMT training should include standardization of curriculum and the recognition or accreditation of selected training programs. The outputs of this pre-WADEM Congress workshop provide an initial contribution to the EMT Training Working Group, as this group works on mapping training, competencies, and curriculum. Common EMT training themes that were identified as fundamental during the pre-Congress workshop include: the ability to adapt one’s professional skills to low-resource settings; context-specific training, including the ability to serve the needs of the affected population in natural disasters; training together as a multi-disciplinary EMT prior to deployment; and the value of simulation in training.AlbinaA, ArcherL, BoivinM, CranmerH, JohnsonK, KrishnarajG, ManeshiA, OddyL, Redwood-CampbellL, RussellR. International Emergency Medical Teams training workshop special report. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):335–338.
Aurangzeb as Iconoclast? Vaishnava Accounts of the Krishna images’ Exodus from Braj
Authors: PAUWELS HEIDI , BACHRACH EMILIA 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper studies how Brajbhāṣā Vaishnava narratives describe the role the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb played in the displacement of Krishna images from the Braj heartland in the 1660s and 1670s. While contemporary discourse frequently suggests that the emperor was a villain persecuting beloved Hindu deities, who in turn are victims forcibly moved from their original homeland, the early-modern vernacular narratives we consider here perceive these peregrinations in rather more complex ways. This article foregrounds the case of the best-known dispersed Krishna image: Śrī Nāthajī, a deity of the Vallabha-Sampradāya, now residing in the Mewar area of Rajasthan. It analyses mostly the discourse of the Śrī Nāthajī kī Prākaṭya-Vārtā, or ‘The story of the Appearance of Śrī Nāthajī’, attributed to Vallabha's descendant, Harirāy. The sectarian logic presents Aurangzeb as an ardent, if uncouth, devotee and Śrī Nāthajī as an autonomous agent, not a victim, but rather a victor.