bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse opinions about initiating spiritual conversation and prayer in patient care
Authors: Taylor Elizabeth Johnston , Gober‐Park Carla , Schoonover‐Shoffner Kathy , Mamier Iris , Somaiya Chintan K. , Bahjri Khaled 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to understand nurses’ opinions about initiating spiritual or religious conversation during patient care and to measure how these perspectives are associated with demographic, religious and work‐related characteristics.BackgroundNurses are expected to provide spiritual care and do so in diverse ways. Little is known about how nurses think about initiating spiritual or religious discourse.DesignCross‐sectional, quantitative.MethodsOnline survey methods allowed data collection from 445 nurses. The survey, accessed from the homepage of the Journal of Christian Nursing for 6 months beginning June 2015, included scales measuring various facets of religiosity, and items assessing nurse opinions about introducing spirituality or religion during patient care and demographic and work‐related variables. Variables showing significant associations with Nurse Opinion items in bivariate analyses were examined using binary logistic regression.ResultsAbout 90% of participants believed it appropriate to initiate conversation about spirituality/religion and nearly three‐quarters thought it appropriate to self‐disclose spirituality/religion or offer prayer under certain circumstances or anytime. All personal religiosity indicators except tentativeness of belief were found to be associated with responses to Nurse Opinion items. That is, higher religiosity was associated with opinion one could initiate such conversations, whereas lower religiosity was associated with waiting for patients to initiate. Nurses working in a faith‐based organization were 276% more likely to believe they could initiate such conversation and 153% more likely to think they could initiate an offer of prayer.ConclusionNurse religiosity and work environment were associated with nurse opinions about initiating spiritual/religious discourse with patients.
The value of measurement for development of nursing knowledge: Underlying philosophy, contributions and critiques
Authors: Durepos Pamela , Orr Elizabeth , Ploeg Jenny , Kaasalainen Sharon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimA philosophical discussion of constructive realism and measurement in the development of nursing knowledge is presented.BackgroundThrough Carper's four patterns of knowing, nurses come to know a person holistically. However, measurement as a source for nursing knowledge has been criticized for underlying positivism and reductionist approach to exploring reality. Which seems mal‐alignment with person‐centred care.DesignDiscussion paper.DiscussionConstructive realism bridges positivism and constructivism, facilitating the measurement of physical and psychological phenomena. Reduction of complex phenomena and theoretical constructs into measurable properties is essential to building nursing's empiric knowledge and facilitates (rather than inhibits) person‐knowing.Implications for nursingNurses should consider constructive realism as a philosophy to underpin their practice. This philosophy supports measurement as a primary method of inquiry in nursing research and clinical practice. Nurses can carefully select, and purposefully integrate, measurement tools with other methods of inquiry (such as qualitative research methods) to demonstrate the usefulness of nursing interventions and highlight nursing as a science.
Level of knowledge, emotional impact and perception about the role of nursing professionals concerning palliative sedation
Authors: Zuleta‐Benjumea Andrea , Muñoz Silvia M , Vélez Maria C , Krikorian Alicia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore aspects related to the fulfilment of the role of nurses in palliative sedation.BackgroundPalliative sedation demands knowledge and a proper attitude for maintaining comfort, preserving dignity and contributing to a peaceful death. In some developed countries, nurses have a well‐established role in palliative sedation. However, studies on their role and its fulfilment are limited, particularly in the developing world.DesignAn exploratory, mixed, qualitative and quantitative study was conducted. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to examine the level of knowledge of palliative sedation and the level of confidence in skills and knowledge about palliative sedation. Also, focus groups were conducted to explore the emotional impact and the perceived role of nurses.MethodsForty‐one nurses from three advanced‐care hospitals with palliative care units in Colombia completed the questionnaire. Also, four focus groups were conducted with 22 participants selected from the first phase.ResultsA high level of knowledge regarding palliative sedation was found, but the level of confidence in skills was higher than the confidence in knowledge. The participants expressed their belief that their knowledge was derived from experience but believed that it was not enough to fulfil their role with confidence. A negative emotional impact about the patients' condition was found. For some, it served as motivation to provide better care. For others, it was difficult to face, especially when assisting children. They also expressed satisfaction and gratification about providing relief from suffering through sedation.ConclusionsThe role of nursing is essential in palliative sedation. Although the nurses' knowledge is adequate, it primarily derives from experience and not from formal training, which impacts on their perceived confidence and their distress.Relevance to clinical practiceFormal training for the optimal fulfilling of the nursing role in palliative sedation is crucial to provide better end‐of‐life care, particularly in developing countries.
Aetiological spectrum, clinical differentiation and efficacy of polyethylene glycol over lactulose in children with constipation: Experience of 316 cases
Authors: Poddar Ujjal , Singh Sumit , Pawaria Arti , Srivastava Anshu , Yachha Surender K 
Published: June 2018

AimTo find the aetiological spectrum, clinical features to differentiate organic from functional constipation (FC) and the efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) over lactulose in the treatment of childhood constipation.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2014, 316 consecutive children (up to 18 years) with constipation were included in this study. FC was defined as per Rome III criteria. Standard treatment protocol (disimpaction with PEG followed by laxatives) was followed in FC. Lactulose was used in the first 4 years of study and PEG in the last 4 years. Success of therapy was assessed at 3 months.ResultsThe median age was 44 (25.00–78.00) months, and 227 (72%) were boys. The majority, 245 (77.5%), had FC, while Hirschsprung disease was the most common organic cause (39.4%). On multivariate analysis, delayed passage of meconium, growth failure, absence of retentive posturing and absent faecal impaction significantly (P < 0.05) determined an organic aetiology. In FC, successful outcome at 3 months was achieved equally with PEG and lactulose (81 vs. 76%, respectively). However, more children in lactulose group had to be switched over to PEG due to lack of efficacy (P = 0.0002).ConclusionsFC is the most common cause of constipation in children. Presence of delayed passage of meconium, growth failure and absence of retentive posturing and absent faecal impaction raise the suspicion of an organic cause. Both lactulose and PEG are equally effective. PEG has an edge over lactulose as the need for switch over was uncommon.
Tanshinone IIA effects on ovarian cancer cell line
Authors: Li Nan , Yang Liang , Zhang Baolian , Chen Suqin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the potential therapeutic effect of Tanshinone IIA against ovarian cancer in vitro and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.

Methods
The cell survival upon Tanshinone IIA treatment was determined by the clonogenic assay. Cell apoptosis was analysed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. The cleaved caspase-3/poly ADP-ribose polymerase and apoptosis-related factors were quantified by Western blotting. The relative expression of microRNAs (miRs) was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Key findings
Tanshinone IIA treatment induced significant apoptosis in TOV-21G cells. Tanshinone suppressed survivin expression while not affected Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. We further predicted and experimentally confirmed overexpression of miR-205 in TOV-21G, which ectopic significantly inhibited survivin and promoted cell apoptosis. miR-205-specific antagonist completely abrogated the cell suppressive effect of Tanshinone IIA.

Conclusions
Our data suggested that Tanshinone IIA induced cell apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma TOV-21G cells via direct upregulation of miR-205. Our study highlighted the potential therapeutic application of Tanshinone IIA against ovarian malignancy.
Discrepancy between wrist‐actigraph and polysomnographic measures of sleep in patients with stable heart failure and a novel approach to evaluating discrepancy
Authors: Jeon Sangchoon , Conley Samantha , Redeker Nancy S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWrist‐actigraphy is often used to measure sleep characteristics in a variety of populations, but discrepancies between actigraphic and polysomnographic measures have been noted in populations experiencing poor sleep quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the discrepancy between these measures and risk factors for discrepancy in people with heart failure using a novel index. We used sleep measures simultaneously recorded by actigraphy and polysomnography, and clinical data from a cross‐sectional study of 155 patients with heart failure (age = 60.5 [16.1] years; 65.2% male) recruited from evidence‐based heart failure disease management programmes. The discrepancy and consistency between the two measures were evaluated using Bland–Altman plots, intra‐class correlations and a newly developed index that represents activity counts in wake episodes. Overall, participants had short total sleep time (327.7 [95.9] min) and poor sleep efficiency (71.3 [16.0]%) on polysomnography. The discrepancies between sleep measures were small in patients less than 60 years old, and there was excellent consistency (intra‐class correlation = 0.81) compared with older patients who had poorer consistency (intra‐class correlation = 0.53) on total sleep time. Higher daytime motor activity, poor sleep quality and more severe insomnia were associated with smaller discrepancies in older, but not younger, patients, and associations were more sensitively detected by the new index. These findings suggest the importance of aging, disability and co‐morbidity that may influence motor activity from which sleep estimates are scored with actigraphy. The new index may be useful in identifying factors associated with the correspondence between actigraphy and polysomnography.
Religion and Disability: Variation in Religious Service Attendance Rates for Children with Chronic Health Conditions
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPrior research consistently demonstrates greater religious involvement is associated with improved health outcomes for those with chronic health conditions. Fewer studies focus on how chronic health conditions influence religious service attendance rates and most focus on older Americans. Using three waves of a nationally representative sample of children in the United States, I test whether children with a chronic health condition never attend religious worship services at rates significantly higher than children without a condition. I also investigate variation in attendance rates across a broad range of conditions, something previously overlooked. Children with chronic health conditions are more likely to never attend religious worship services. Specifically, children with chronic health conditions that impede communication and social interaction are most likely to never attend. Despite shifts in prevalence these findings are stable over time. Implications for researchers, religious communities, families with children with chronic health conditions, and health‐care providers are discussed.
Applications of systems modelling in obesity research
Authors: Xue H. , Slivka L. , Igusa T. , Huang T. T. , Wang Y. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObesity is a complex system problem involving a broad spectrum of policy, social, economic, cultural, environmental, behavioural, and biological factors and the complex interrelated, cross‐sector, non‐linear, dynamic relationships among them. Systems modelling is an innovative approach with the potential for advancing obesity research. This study examined the applications of systems modelling in obesity research published between 2000 and 2017, examined how the systems models were developed and used in obesity studies and discussed related gaps in current research. We focused on the applications of two main systems modelling approaches: system dynamics modelling and agent‐based modelling. The past two decades have seen a growing body of systems modelling in obesity research. The research topics ranged from micro‐level to macro‐level energy‐balance‐related behaviours and policies (19 studies), population dynamics (five studies), policy effect simulations (eight studies), environmental (10 studies) and social influences (15 studies) and their effects on obesity rates. Overall, systems analysis in public health research is still in its early stages, with limitations linked to model validity, mixed findings and its actual use in guiding interventions. Challenges in theory and modelling practices need to be addressed to realize the full potential of systems modelling in future obesity research and interventions.
Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: A cross‐sectional study of 458 histopathological specimens
Authors: Tavares Thalita S. , Meirelles Daniela P. , de Aguiar Maria Cássia F. , Caldeira Patrícia C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate clinical, demographic, and histopathological characteristics of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted over a 64‐year period. Information was collected from medical charts, and all archived histopathological specimens with diagnoses of any pigmented lesion were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.ResultsA total of 34,127 archived specimens were reviewed, revealing 458 (1.34%) pigmented lesions, of which 230 were melanocytic and 228 nonmelanocytic. Most patients were females (74.2%), white‐skinned (49.1%), in the third and seventh decades of life (mean of 45 years). Most lesions were macular (59.8%), followed by plaques and nodules (4.8%), measuring 0–5 mm (41.9%). Cheek mucosa (21.0%), alveolar mucosa (16.6%), and gingiva (11.8%) were the most commonly affected sites. Amalgam tattoo was applied in 212 cases (46.3%), followed by melanotic macule (22.9%) and nevus (20.5%). Other diagnoses included racial pigmentation, exogenous pigmentation, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, melanoma, melanoacanthoma, smoker's melanosis, and heavy metal pigmentation.ConclusionsPigmented lesions represent an uncommon diagnosis in oral pathology routines. The most frequent entities are amalgam tattoo, melanotic macule, and nevus. Patients are usually middle‐aged women presenting a small, long‐lasting, macular lesion on the cheek mucosa.
Bier anaemic spots, cyanosis with urticaria‐like eruption (BASCULE) syndrome on trunk and upper limbs
Authors: Jiménez‐Gallo David , Collantes‐Rodríguez Cristina , Ossorio‐García Lidia , Báez‐Perea José María , Linares‐Barrios Mario 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBier anaemic spots, cyanosis with urticaria‐like eruption syndrome is a recently described benign vasomotor dermatosis that mainly affects the lower limbs. Histopathology shows multiple dilated dermal vessels with scattered eosinophils. We report a case on the trunk and upper limbs.
Companions in guilt arguments
Authors: Cowie Christopher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractArguments for some controversial positions in metaethics—typically moral scepticism or the moral error theory—are sometimes thought to overreach. They appear to entail sceptical or error‐theoretic views about non‐moral branches of thought in a sense that is costly or implausible. If this is true, those metaethical arguments should be rejected. This is the companions in guilt strategy in metaethics. In this article, the contemporary use of the companions in guilt strategy is explored and assessed. The methodology of the strategy is discussed, and criteria for assessing specific instances of its use are identified. Prominent instances of its use in the contemporary literature are then examined. The focus is on those that take (a) epistemic judgment, (b) prudential judgment, and (c) mathematical judgment as “companions,” with a view to undermining the moral error theory and moral scepticism, respectively.
Effects of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1 beta on in vitro development of bovine secondary follicles
Authors: Paulino Lais R. F. M. , Cunha Ellen V. , Barbalho Silva Anderson W. , Souza Glaucinete B. , Lopes Ewerton P. F. , Donato Mariana A. M. , Peixoto Cristina A. , Matos‐Brito Bruno G. , van den Hurk Robert , Silva José Roberto V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of TNF‐α and IL‐1β on development and survival of bovine secondary follicle culture in vitro for 18 days. Secondary follicles (~0.2 mm) were isolated from ovarian cortex and individually cultured at 38.5°C, with 5% CO2 in air, for 18 days, in TCM‐199+ alone (cultured control) or supplemented with 10 ng/ml IL‐1β, 10 ng/ml TNF‐α or both TNF‐α and IL‐1β. The effects of these treatments on growth, follicular survival, antrum formation, viability, ultrastructure and mRNA levels for GDF‐9, c‐MOS, H1foo and Cyclin B1 were evaluated. The results showed that addition of TNF‐α to culture medium increased follicular diameter and rate of antrum formation, whereas that of IL‐1β and a mixture of IL‐1β and TNF‐α did not do so. Ultrastructural analysis showed that, among the tested cytokine treatments, follicles cultured in the presence of TNF‐α had the best‐preserved oocytes and granulosa cells. The presence of TNF‐α, IL‐1β or both did not influence the expression of mRNAs analysed. In conclusion, in contrast to IL‐1β, TNF‐α promotes growth of and antrum formation in in vitro cultured bovine secondary follicles, while their ultrastructure and viability were maintained.
Pricing Storm Surge Risks in Florida: Implications for Determining Flood Insurance Premiums and Evaluating Mitigation Measures
Authors: Montgomery Marilyn , Kunreuther Howard 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) has been criticized for inaccurate flood hazard maps and premiums that are not risk based. We employ granular storm surge data comprised of five different event probabilities with associated flood elevations to calculate surge risk‐based premiums for homes in Pensacola, Florida, which we compare with NFIP premiums that are based on flood risk data with only one event probability (1% annual chance floods). We demonstrate how more granular flood risk data used for calculating risk‐based insurance premiums should be part of the NFIP mapping and rate‐setting processes. We then examine three different sea‐level rise (SLR) scenarios specific to Pensacola from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and assess surge risk‐based premiums out to 2100. We analyze the cost effectiveness of elevating homes to mitigate surge risks when costs of elevation are one lump upfront sum, and when costs are spread over 30 years via low‐interest mitigation loans. Benefits are the avoided future losses from surge risks going out to 2100 with the three different SLR scenarios. Findings show that it is cost effective to elevate high‐value homes with low first‐floor elevations in the most risky surge zones. Spreading costs of elevation with 30‐year loans should be directed at low‐income households to address affordability concerns. Alternative flood mitigation actions, such as wet floodproofing and elevating electrical and plumbing utilities, should be considered in instances where elevation is not cost effective.
Model‐free causal inference of binary experimental data
Authors: Ding Peng , Miratrix Luke W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor binary experimental data, we discuss randomization‐based inferential procedures that do not need to invoke any modeling assumptions. In addition to the classical method of moments, we also introduce model‐free likelihood and Bayesian methods based solely on the physical randomization without any hypothetical super population assumptions about the potential outcomes. These estimators have some properties superior to moment‐based ones such as only giving estimates in regions of feasible support. Due to the lack of identification of the causal model, we also propose a sensitivity analysis approach that allows for the characterization of the impact of the association between the potential outcomes on statistical inference.
European long‐term field experiments: knowledge gained about alternative management practices
Authors: Sandén T. , Spiegel H. , Stüger H.‐P. , Schlatter N. , Haslmayr H.‐P. , Zavattaro L. , Grignani C. , Bechini L. , D′Hose T. , Molendijk L. , Pecio A. , Jarosz Z. , Guzmán G. , Vanderlinden K. , Giráldez J. V. , Mallast J. , ten Berge H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlternative management practices such as no‐tillage compared to conventional tillage are expected to recover or increase soil quality and productivity, even though all of these aspects are rarely studied together. Long‐term field experiments (LTEs) enable analysis of alternative management practices over time. This study investigated a total of 251 European LTEs in which alternative management practices such as crop rotation, catch crops, cover crops/green manure, no‐tillage, non‐inversion tillage and organic fertilization were applied. Response ratios of indicators for soil quality, climate change and productivity between alternative and reference management practices were derived from a total of 260 publications. Both positive and negative effects of alternative management practices on the different indicators were shown and, as expected, no alternative management practice could comply with all objectives simultaneously. Productivity was hampered by non‐inversion tillage, FYM amendments and incorporation of crop residues. SOC contents were increased significantly following organic fertilizers and non‐inversion tillage. GHG emissions were increased by slurry application and incorporation of crop residues. Our study showed that alternative management practices beneficial to one group of indicators (e.g. organic fertilizers for biological soil quality indicators) are not necessarily beneficial to other indicators (e.g. increase of crop yields). We conclude that LTEs are valuable for finding ways forward in protecting European soils as well as finding evidence‐based alternative management practices for the future; however, experiments should focus more on biological soil quality indicators as well as GHG emissions to enable better evaluation of trade‐offs and mutual benefits of management practices.