bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sand pipe formation by liquefaction and sand injection: examples from Kodachrome Basin State Park, Utah, USA
Authors: Davison Ian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Kodachrome pipes were developed in a porous-sand host medium which is very unusual. The sub-vertical cylindrical sand pipes have previously been interpreted as injection structures with material derived from source beds near the base of the pipes. However, the large pipe formation (diameter >4 m) was probably caused by the disruption and partial liquefaction of the host sediments which have been broken into blocks by upward fluid streaming, with injection of only small amounts (<20% of pipe volume) of fluidized sand, derived from a source below. The strongest evidence for this mechanism is the sub-horizontal layering of large tabular blocks up to 4 m in length, which occurs in the largest pipes, and the preservation of traces of bedding extending from the host rock across the pipes. There is also a notable absence of rim synclines and upturned bedding around most of the pipes, which would be expected with local removal of highly viscous material containing large blocks derived from a source bed below the pipes.
Impact of Marital Status on the Outcome of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results From the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey
Authors: Marcus Gil , Litovchik Ilya , Pereg David , Beigel Roy , Sholmo Nir , Iakobishvili Zaza , Goldenberg Ilan , Fuchs Shmuel , Minha Sa'ar 
Published: July 2019

Background

Marriage is one of the common forms of social support. Conflicting evidence exists about the impact of marital status on the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndrome (
ACS
). It is further not clear if sex disparity exists in the outcome of married and nonmarried patients with ACS.

Methods and Results

Data from the
ACS
Israeli Survey, collected between 2004 and 2016, were used to compare baseline characteristics, clinical indexes, and outcomes of married and nonmarried patients with ACS. Cox regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to explore if marital status was independently associated with long‐term outcome. Of 7233 patients included with reported marital status, 5643 (78%) were married. Married patients were younger (62.69±12.07 versus 68.47±14.84 years;
P
<0.001), more frequently men (83.1% versus 54.8%;
P
<0.001), and less likely to be hypertensive (61.1% versus 69.3%;
P
<0.001). All‐cause mortality incidence at 30 days and at 1 year was lower in married patients (3.1% versus 7.6% [
P
<0.001]; and 7.1% versus 15.3% [
P
<0.001], respectively). After adjusting for multiple covariates, the hazard ratio for 5‐year all‐cause mortality for married patients was 0.74 (95%
CI
, 0.62–0.88). Similar results were observed after propensity score matching. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for all‐cause mortality at 5 years demonstrated the best prognosis for married men and the worst for nonmarried women.

Conclusions

Marriage is independently associated with better short‐ and long‐term outcomes across the spectrum of
ACS
. Attempts to intensify secondary prevention measures should focus on nonmarried patients and especially nonmarried women.
Party for Animals: Introducing Students to Democratic Representation of Nonhumans
Authors: Kopnina Helen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article aims to gauge students’ perceptions of the Dutch Party for Animals (PvdD) in order to reflect on the political representation of nonhumans (animals). The support for political representation of nonhumans is based on the ethical underpinning of deep ecology; growing recognition of the importance of sustainability; and increased societal support for animal rights and welfare. This article reflects on these developments using Bachelor students’ assignments from a Sustainable Business course, which asked them to reflect on the underlying principles of the PvdD. Student assignments indicate that educational efforts targeted at fostering ecological citizenship have a positive effect on the recognition and acceptance of ecocentric values.
Dante, Paris, and the Benefactor of Saint-Jacques
Authors: Duba William 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on the comments of Giovanni Boccaccio and Giovanni Villani, a theory holds that Dante Alighieri may have studied philosophy and theology at Paris in 1309-1310. That same academic year, the Dominican bachelor of the Sentences at Paris, Giovanni Regina di Napoli (John of Naples), delivered a speech thanking a ‘Benefactor’. This Benefactor, neither a Dominican nor a theologian, gave the sole benefit of honoring Giovanni, the convent of Saint-Jacques, and the Dominican Order with his presence, attending Giovanni’s lectures on theology. This paper explores the likelihood that the Benefactor was Dante. An edition and an English translation of Giovanni’s speech are included in appendices.
Marx, the Irish Immigrant-Workers, and the English Labour Movement
Authors: Deleixhe Martin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Karl Marx had to deal with a situation that bears an uncanny resemblance to the current predicament of trade unions regarding immigrant workers. The First International faced the threat of an internal division along ethnic and national lines around the Irish question, and more specifically around the role played by Irish immigrants in England. Firstly, I will argue that Marx’s late work on Ireland, and especially his change of opinion on its tactical importance, cannot be isolated from his vigorous manoeuvring within the International to prevent an internal rift over the question of immigrant workers. Secondly, I will contend that Marx’s theoretical contribution on the Irish question fails to consider that class politics are not only international in nature, but also transnational. Consequently, Marx overlooks the tactical importance of immigrant workers who could play a pivotal role in challenging exploitative and oppressive ties on the international scene.
The Cimmerian Bosporus in the 5th Century BC (an Old Persian Inscription from Phanagoria)
Authors: Kuznetsov Vladimir D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article is a historical commentary on the Old Persian inscription found at Phanagoria (the Taman peninsula, Russia) in 2016. One can think of four possibilities how the document appeared on the northern coast of the Black Sea: the shipping of the inscription or its fragment to Phanagoria together with other stones as ballast, the European Scythian campaign of Darius I, the expedition of Ariaramnes against the Scythians, and the erection of the stele with the inscription in Phanagoria after the capture of the city – supposedly by the Persian troops. The author rules out the first three possibilities and accepts the fourth one.
The inscription was found overlying the ruins of Phanagoria’s defensive works – destroyed by a huge fire sometime in the late first or the early second quarter of the 5th century BC. Judging from the archaeological context of the find, the inscription must have been authored by Darius’ son Xerxes. Many other cities in the North Black Sea area yield evidence of synchronous fires and devastation, which gives us ground to connect the capture of Phanagoria with the evidence from Diodorus (12.31) about certain Archaianaktidai who came to power in the Cimmerian Bosporus. They ruled for 42 years and were succeeded by Spartokos. It is reasonable to presume that this change of power was a result of Pericles’ Pontic expedition reported by Plutarch (Per. 20).
Thus the conquest of Phanagoria (along with other North Pontic cities) should be viewed in the context of the Graeco-Persian Wars.
The identification and characteristics of Phoebe zhennan buried wood
Authors: Wang Jie , Ning Liping , Gao Qi , Zhang Shiye , Chen Quan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The subject of this study is the structure and composition of buried Phoebe zhennan wood. Through comparative studies of the anatomy and composition with modern undegraded wood, the objective was to understand any changes that have taken place in the P. zhennan buried wood samples. The P. zhennan buried wood can be identified by wood structure characteristics and volatile components analysis. It is required that the microstructural features are identical to those of modern P. zhennan wood; simultaneously, the volatile components of the wood must contain six characteristic compounds with the same peak retention time. The P. zhennan buried wood sample which was used in the experiment was dated 8035–7945 BP (95. 4% probability). Further research showed that the cell wall of P. zhennan buried wood had been damaged, the hemicellulose was heavily degraded but there was no obvious degradation of crystalline cellulose. Moisture was present mainly as free water and large amounts of mineral elements such as Fe, and Ni were detected in the ash of P. zhennan buried wood. Both the buried and modern wood of P. zhennan were acidic.
The Sociology of Gnostic Spirituality
Authors: DeConick April D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper owes debt to the field of study known as sociology of knowledge, which is interested in the social location of groups and their constructions of knowledge and reality. This project, however, is not about ordinary knowledge, but how gnosis, the direct knowledge of a transcendent God beyond the traditional Gods, became the foundation of a new form of spirituality in antiquity, and how this form of Gnostic spirituality has reemerged in modern America, impacting traditional religious communities and fostering new religious movements. Several social factors are involved in the emergence of Gnostic spirituality, including the dislocation of the founders and collaborators of Gnostic movements, the prominence of the seeker response, the revelatory milieu in which they find themselves, their reliance on revelatory authority, their push for alternative legitimation, and their flip-and-reveal and do-it-yourself constructions of new knowledge. Gnostic countercultures arise when Gnostic spirituality is mobilized. Much of religion and society are overturned so that we find constructions of the counter-self, calls for counter-conduct, the establishment of counter-cult, the deployment of counter-media, and the emergence of modes of Gnostic esoterization. The final section turns to the awakening, transport, and occulturation of Gnostic spirituality into modernity in America via artifact migration and alpha channels like Blavatsky.
The Effect of Treaty Withdrawal on Implementing Legislation
Authors: Brumby Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article explores the effect of treaty withdrawal on domestic legislation implementing a treaty in the Australian constitutional context. In R (Miller) v Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union (‘Miller’), the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom held that the executive cannot exercise its prerogative power to withdraw from a treaty where that withdrawal would frustrate or invalidate domestic law. This article contends that treaty withdrawal would be unlikely to have this effect on a law implementing a treaty in the Australian context. The article ultimately draws two conclusions. First, a law implementing a treaty would likely survive treaty withdrawal in most cases due to the law’s enduring nexus with Australia’s foreign relations, enabling its continued characterisation as a law ‘with respect to’ s 51(xxix) of the Constitution. Secondly, in the event that withdrawal does lead to a loss of constitutional support, the law would likely become prospectively invalid from the date of effective withdrawal (an outcome identical to legislative repeal in its effect). The article contends that this outcome would not, however, engage the constraint on executive power so emphatically reasserted in Miller. This is because the law’s invalidity is consistent with the implied will of the legislature and thus reinforces, rather than contravenes, the fundamental principle of parliamentary sovereignty which the constraint on executive power protects.
Mandibular Tori Limiting Treatment of Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Authors: Low Christopher M , Price Daniel L , Kasperbauer Jan L 
Published: July 2019

Background: Mandibular tori are a rare cause of difficult direct visualization of the upper aerodigestive tract. In the setting of aerodigestive tract pathology necessitating direct visualization, removal of mandibular tori may be required to facilitate treatment. Methods: In the first case, large bilateral symmetric mandibular tori were removed to facilitate access to the anterior commissure and removal of a T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In the second case, large bilateral mandibular tori were removed to access a markedly exophytic SCC in the right vallecula. Subsequently, the tumor was removed with robotic assistance with excellent exposure. Results: Both patients were free of recurrence at last follow-up. Conclusion: Mandibular tori are an uncommon cause of difficult direct laryngoscopy. In situations that require direct visualization of the anterior commissure or base of tongue for diagnosis and management of lesions, surgical removal of the tori may be required as in the cases presented here.
Factors associated with physicians’ predictions of six-month mortality in critically ill patients
Authors: Ferreyro Bruno L , Harhay Michael O , Detsky Michael E 
Published: July 2019

Background Physician's estimates of a patient's prognosis are an important component in shared decision-making. However, the variables influencing physician's judgments are not well understood. We aimed to determine which physician and patient factors are associated with physicians' predictions of critically ill patients' six-month mortality and the accuracy and confidence of these predictions. Methods Prospective cohort study evaluating physicians' predictions of six-month mortality. Using univariate and multivariable generalized estimating equations, we assessed the association between baseline physician and patient characteristics with predictions of six-month death, as well as accuracy and confidence of these predictions. Results Our cohort was comprised 300 patients and 47 physicians. Physicians were asked to predict if patients would be alive or dead at six months and to report their confidence in these predictions. Physicians predicted that 99 (33%) patients would die. The key factors associated with both the direction and accuracy of prediction were older age of the patient, the presence of malignancy, being in a medical ICU, and higher APACHE III scores. The factors associated with lower confidence included older physician age, being in a medical ICU and higher APACHE III score. Conclusions Patient level factors are associated with predictions of mortality at six months. The accuracy and confidence of the predictions are associated with both physician and patients' factors. The influence of these factors should be considered when physicians reflect on how they make predictions for critically ill patients.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuates tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-induced bone loss in male mice via gut-microbiota-dependent anti-inflammation
Authors: Liu Hao , Gu Ranli , Li Wei , Zhou Wen , Cong Zhe , Xue Jing , Liu Yunsong , Wei Qiang , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: July 2019

Background: Although antiretroviral agents trigger bone loss in human immunodeficiency virus patients, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) induces more severe bone damage, such as osteoporosis. While, the mechanisms are unclear, probiotic supplements may be effective against osteoporosis. Methods: C57BL6/J mice were administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)+TDF, TDF, and zoledronic acid+TDF, respectively. Bone morphometry and biomechanics were evaluated using microcomputed tomography, bone slicing, and flexural tests. The lymphocyte, proinflammatory cytokines, and intestinal permeability levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. The gut microbiota composition and metabolomics were analyzed using 16S recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid pyrosequencing and ultra-performance liquid-chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results: LGG administered orally induced marked increases in trabecular bone microarchitecture, cortical bone volume, and biomechanical properties in the LGG+TDF group compared with that in the TDF-only group. Moreover, LGG treatment increased intestinal barrier integrity, expanded regulatory T cells, decreased Th17 cells, and downregulated osteoclastogenesis-related cytokines in the bone marrow, spleen, and gut. Furthermore, LGG reconstructed the gut microbiota and changed the metabolite composition, especially lysophosphatidylcholine levels. However, the amount of N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 was the highest in the TDF-only group. Conclusion: LGG reconstructed the community structure of the gut microbiota, promoted the expression of lysophosphatidylcholines, and improved intestinal integrity to suppress the TDF-induced inflammatory response, which resulted in attenuation of TDF-induced bone loss in mice. LGG probiotics may be a safe and effective strategy to prevent and treat TDF-induced osteoporosis.
STAT3β is a tumor suppressor in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aigner Petra , Mizutani Tatsuaki , Horvath Jaqueline , Eder Thomas , Heber Stefan , Lind Karin , Just Valentin , Moll Herwig P. , Yeroslaviz Assa , Fischer Michael J. M. , Kenner Lukas , Győrffy Balázs , Sill Heinz , Grebien Florian , Moriggl Richard , Casanova Emilio , Stoiber Dagmar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) exists in 2 alternatively spliced isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. Although truncated STAT3β was originally postulated to act as a dominant-negative form of STAT3α, it has been shown to have various STAT3α-independent regulatory functions. Recently, STAT3β gained attention as a powerful antitumorigenic molecule in cancer. Deregulated STAT3 signaling is often found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, the role of STAT3β in AML remains elusive. Therefore, we analyzed the STAT3β/α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression ratio in AML patients, where we observed that a higher STAT3β/α mRNA ratio correlated with a favorable prognosis and increased overall survival. To gain better understanding of the function of STAT3β in AML, we engineered a transgenic mouse allowing for balanced Stat3β expression. Transgenic Stat3β expression resulted in decelerated disease progression and extended survival in PTEN- and MLL-AF9–dependent AML mouse models. Our findings further suggest that the antitumorigenic function of STAT3β depends on the tumor-intrinsic regulation of a small set of significantly up- and downregulated genes, identified via RNA sequencing. In conclusion, we demonstrate that STAT3β plays an essential tumor-suppressive role in AML.
Compliance among infants exposed to hepatitis B virus in a post-vaccination serological testing program in four provinces in China
Authors: Zheng Hui , Zhang Guo-Min , Chan Po-Lin , Wang Fu-Zhen , Rodewald Lance Everett , Miao Ning , Sun Xiao-Jin , Yin Zun-Dong , Edwards Jeffrey , Wang Hua-Qing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Mother to child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the most common form of HBV infection in China. Prevention of HBV vertical transmission involves timely administration of the complete hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) series and hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Post-vaccination serological testing (PVST) is utilized to determine an infant’s outcome after HBV exposure and completion of HepB series. We aim to determine the frequency of compliance with a PVST testing cascade for HBV infected mothers and analyze factors associated with infant lost to follow up (LTFU).

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort review of previously collected data in Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Chongqing provinces in China from 1 June 2016–31 December 2017. The study population included all HBV-exposed infants and their mothers. SAS software was used for statistical analyses. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses (presented in odds ratio [OR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) were used to compare the proportional differences of factors associated with PVST not being completed.

Results
Among enrolled 8474 target infants, 40% of them transferred out of the study provinces without further information and 4988 were eligible for PVST. We found 20% (994) of infants were not compliant with the testing cascade: 55% of LTFU occurred because parents refused venous blood sample collection or failure of sample collection in the field, 16% transferred out after 6 months of age, and 10% of families chose to have independent, confidential PVST completed without reporting results. High PVST noncompliance rates were more likely to be from Fujian (aOR = 17.0, 95% CI: 9.7–29.9), Zhejiang (aOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 3.2–10.1) and Jiangxi (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0–3.4), and from HBV e antigen positive mother (aOR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1–1.4).

Conclusions
This study found that the LTFU rate reached 20% in PVST program, which was a significant problem. We recommend implementing a national electronic information system for tracking HBV at risk mother-infant pairs; encourage further research in developing a less invasive means of completing PVST, and take effective measures nationally to reduce HBV stigma. Without reducing the loss to follow up rate among infants eligible for PVST, elimination of vertical HBV transmission will be impossible.
Pharmacokinetics and Acceptability of Subcutaneous Injection of Testosterone Undecanoate
Authors: Turner Leo , Ly Lam P , Desai Reena , Singh Gurmeet K S , Handelsman Timothy D , Savkovic Sasha , Fennell Carolyn , Jayadev Veena , Conway Ann , Handelsman David J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContextCan injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) be administered effectively and acceptably by the subcutaneous (SC) route?ObjectiveTo investigate the acceptability and pharmacokinetics (PK) of SC injection of TU.DesignRandomized sequence, crossover clinical study of SC vs IM TU injections.SettingAmbulatory clinic of an academic andrology center.ParticipantsTwenty men (11 hypogonadal, 9 transgender men) who were long-term users of TU. injections.Intervention: Injection of 1000 mg TU (in 4 mL castor oil vehicle) by SC or IM route.Main Outcome Measures: Patient-reported pain, acceptability, and preference scales. PK by measurement of serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2) concentrations with application of population PK methods and dried blood spot (DBS) sampling.ResultsPain was greater after SC compared with IM injection 24 hours (but not immediately) after injection but both routes were equally acceptable. Ultimately 11 preferred IM, 6 preferred SC, and 3 had no preference. The DBS-based PK analysis of serum testosterone revealed a later time of peak testosterone concentration after SC vs IM injection (8.0 vs 3.3 days) but no significant route differences in model-predicted peak testosterone concentration (8.4 vs 9.6 ng/mL) or mean resident time (183 vs 110 days). The PK of venous serum testosterone, DHT, and E2 did not differ according to route of injection.ConclusionsWe conclude that SC TU injection is acceptable but produces greater pain 24 hours after injection that may contribute to the overall majority preference for the IM injection. The PK of testosterone, DHT, or E2 did not differ substantially between SC and IM routes. Hence whereas further studies are required, the SC route represents an alternative to IM injections without a need to change dose for men for whom IM injection is not desired or recommended.
Sterilization Properties of Ozonated Water and Sodium Hypochlorite Assisted by Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Maeno Yuki , Kitaori Noriyuki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We focus on enhancement of the sterilizing property of ultraviolet irradiation and the change in the sterilizing property of ozonated water and sodium hypochlorite due to ultraviolet irradiation. As a result, the effect due to ultraviolet irradiation was not observed in ozonated water. On the other hand, the sterilizing power of sodium hypochlorite was greatly improved by ultraviolet irradiation.