bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aretaic pedagogy: how we can transform the aesthetics of good teaching
Authors: Hadjipanteli Angela 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe article aims to introduce the epistemology of aretaic pedagogy as a refreshing paradigm of good teaching, situating at its centrality, instead of a knowledge‐based perspective, a virtue‐based approach to education. Its origins are in Aristotelian virtue ethics, which premise the acquisition of intellectual and ethical virtues as the highest good of the good life. Aretaic pedagogy is therefore constructed on the basis of the theory of virtue development and deliberates teaching as an ethical, virtue‐driven practice. Its epistemological framework depends largely on three components: the notion of teaching as a practice, the embodiment of internal goods in teaching/learning and the harnessing of students’ private knowledge. Dialogue, beauty and play are proposed as the main internal goods within the students’ learning, which can act as key sources of their practice of virtues. As concerns a teacher's pedagogical presence, it is argued from a dual professional prospect: the technological and the ethical. Therefore, a teacher is called to exercise a nexus of epistemic, technical, poetic and ethical virtues.
Climate, air quality, and health benefits of a carbon fee-and-rebate bill in Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Buonocore Jonathan J , Levy Jonathan I , Guinto Renzo R , Bernstein Aaron S 
Published: October 2018

AbstractState and regional climate policies in the United States are becoming more prevalent. Quantifying these policies’ health co-benefits provides a local and near-term rationale for actions that also mitigate global climate change and its accompanying harms. Here, we assess the health benefits of a carbon fee-and-rebate policy directed at fuel use in transport, residential and commercial buildings and industry in Massachusetts. We find that the air pollution reductions from this policy would save 340 lives (95% CI: 82–590), 64% of which would occur in Massachusetts, and reduce carbon emissions by 33 million metric tons, with 2017 as an implementation year, through 2040. When monetized, the benefits to health may be larger than the benefits from climate mitigation, but are sensitive to valuation methods, discount rates, and the leakage rate of natural gas, among other factors. These benefits derive largely from lower transportation emissions, including volatile organic compounds from gasoline combustion. Reductions in oil and coal use have relatively large benefits, despite their limited use in Massachusetts. This study finds substantial health benefits of a proposed statewide carbon policy in Massachusetts that carries near-term and direct benefit to residents of the commonwealth and demonstrates the importance of co-benefits modeling.
MetWork: a web server for natural products anticipation
Authors: Beauxis Yann , Genta-Jouve Grégory 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The annotation of natural products and more generally small molecules is one of the major drawbacks in untargeted mass spectrometry analysis. Molecular networking has emerged as a structured way to organize and mine data from untargeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. Despite the great potential of this tool, the annotation is usually performed manually by the expert as only few spectral libraries are available.

Results
Herein we propose a web server of in silico metabolization of metabolites that represents a full implementation of the metabolome consistency concept. The workflow is based on MS/MS data, organized in molecular network using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform, a collaborative library of reactions and a MS/MS spectra prediction module. Having one node identified in the molecular network, the server generates putative structures and predict the associated MS/MS spectra when the exact mass is detected in the network. A similarity comparison between the MS/MS spectra is then performed in order to annotate the node.

Availability and implementation
The web server is available at: https://metwork.pharmacie.parisdescartes.fr.
XY oocytes of sex-reversed females with a Sry mutation deviate from the normal developmental process beyond the mitotic stage†
Authors: Sakashita Akihiko , Wakai Takuya , Kawabata Yukiko , Nishimura Chiaki , Sotomaru Yusuke , Alavattam Kris G , Namekawa Satoshi H , Kono Tomohiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe fertility of sex-reversed XY female mice is severely impaired by a massive loss of oocytes and failure of meiotic progression. This phenomenon remains an outstanding mystery. We sought to determine the molecular etiology of XY oocyte dysfunction by generating sex-reversed females that bear genetic ablation of Sry, a vital sex determination gene, on an inbred C57BL/6 background. These mutant mice, termed XYsry− mutants, showed severe attrition of germ cells during fetal development, resulting in the depletion of ovarian germ cells prior to sexual maturation. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and postnatal oocytes demonstrated that XYsry− females had deviated significantly from normal developmental processes during the stages of mitotic proliferation. The impaired proliferation of XYsry− PGCs was associated with aberrant β-catenin signaling and the excessive expression of transposable elements. Upon entry to the meiotic stage, XYsry− oocytes demonstrated extensive defects, including the impairment of crossover formation, the failure of primordial follicle maintenance, and no capacity for embryo development. Together, these results suggest potential molecular causes for germ cell disruption in sex-reversed female mice, thereby providing insights into disorders of sex differentiation in humans, such as “Swyer syndrome,” in which patients with an XY karyotype present as typical females and are infertile.
Yap is required for scar formation but not myocyte proliferation during heart regeneration in zebrafish
Authors: Flinn Michael A , Jeffery Brooke E , O’Meara Caitlin C , Link Brian A 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Aims
The Hippo signalling pathway regulates multiple cellular processes during organ development and maintenance by modulating activity of the transcriptional cofactor Yap. Core components of this pathway are required for neonatal mouse heart regeneration, however, investigations to date have typically focused on expression and activity in cardiomyocytes. Due to the regenerative capacity of zebrafish and the fact that global loss of Yap is not fully embryonic lethal in zebrafish, we leveraged a yap null mutant to investigate the impact of constitutive Yap deletion during zebrafish heart regeneration.

Methods and results
Following cryoinjury in adult hearts, myocyte proliferation was not decreased in yap mutants, contrary to expectations based on mouse data. Experiments in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) revealed that deletion of either Yap or Taz had a modest effect on heart growth, reducing gross organ size, while their combined deletion was synergistic; thus, Yap and Taz share some overlapping roles in zebrafish heart development. Surprisingly, adult yap mutants exhibited decreased collagen composition at 7 days post-injury, suggesting a critical role for Yap in scar formation during heart regeneration. siRNA-mediated Yap knockdown in primary rat (Rattus norvegicus) cardiac cells revealed a fibroblast-specific role for Yap in controlling the expression of cytoskeletal and myofibroblast activation genes, as well as pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines. Corroborating these RNAseq data, we observed increased macrophage infiltration in the scars of yap mutants at 7 days post-injury.

Conclusion
These results suggest that Yap deletion has minimal effect on myocyte proliferation in adults, but significantly influences scar formation and immune cell infiltration during zebrafish heart regeneration. Collectively, these data suggest an unexpected role for Yap in matrix formation and macrophage recruitment during heart regeneration.
Meaningful Change Estimates for the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument in Older Adults
Authors: Beauchamp Marla K , Ward Rachel E , Jette Alan M , Bean Jonathan F 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI) is a well-validated and frequently used patient-reported outcome for older adults. The aim of this study was to estimate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of the LLFDI-Function Component (LLFDI-FC) and its subscales among community-dwelling older adults with mobility limitations.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of the Boston Rehabilitative Impairment Study of the Elderly, a longitudinal cohort study of older adults with mobility limitations residing in the community. The MCID for each LLFDI-FC scale over 1 year of follow-up was estimated using both anchor- and distribution-based methods, including mean change scores on a patient-reported global rating of change in function scale, the standard error of measurement (SEM), and the minimal detectable change with 90% confidence (MDC90).

Results
Data from 320 older adults were used in the analysis (mean age 76 years, 69% female, mean of four chronic conditions). Meaningful change estimates for “small change” based on the global rating of change and SEM were 2, 3, 4, and 4 points for the LLFDI-FC overall function scale and basic lower-extremity, advanced lower-extremity, and upper-extremity subscales, respectively. Estimates for “substantial change” based on the global rating of change and minimal detectable change with 90% confidence were 5, 6, 9, and 10 points for the overall function scale and basic lower-extremity, advanced lower-extremity, and upper-extremity subscales, respectively.

Conclusion
This study provides the first MCID estimates for the LLFDI-FC, a widely used patient-reported measure of function. These values can be used to interpret the outcomes of longitudinal investigations of functional status in similar populations of community-dwelling older adults.
Cost-Effectiveness of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Pediatric Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Sarkar Reith R , Gloude Nicholas J , Schiff Deborah , Murphy James D 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a promising new class of cancer therapy but has a high up-front cost. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of CAR-T therapy among pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).MethodsWe built a microsimulation model for pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL receiving either CAR-T therapy or standard of care. Outcomes included costs, quality of life (health utility), complications, and survival. We measured cost-effectiveness with the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), with ICERs under $100 000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) considered cost effective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to test model uncertainty.ResultsCompared to standard of care, CAR-T therapy increased overall cost by $528 200 and improved effectiveness by 8.18 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $64 600/QALY. The model was sensitive to assumptions about long-term CAR-T survival, the complete remission rate of CAR-T patients, and the health utility of long-term survivors. The base model assumed a 76.0% one-year survival with CAR-T, although if this decreased to 57.8%, then CAR-T was no longer cost effective. If the complete remission rate of CAR-T recipients decreased from 81% to 56.2%, or if the health utility of disease-free survivors decreased from 0.94 to 0.66, then CAR-T was no longer cost effective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis found that CAR-T was cost effective in 94.8% of iterations at a willingness to pay of $100 000/QALY.ConclusionCAR-T therapy may represent a cost-effective option for pediatric relapsed/refractory B-ALL, although longer follow-up of CAR-T survivors is required to confirm validity of these findings.
Systemic Antimicrobial Prophylaxis and Antimicrobial-Coated External Ventricular Drain Catheters for Preventing Ventriculostomy-Related Infections: A Meta-Analysis of 5242 Cases
Authors: Sheppard John P , Ong Vera , Lagman Carlito , Udawatta Methma , Duong Courtney , Nguyen Thien , Prashant Giyarpuram N , Plurad David S , Kim Dennis Y , Yang Isaac 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDExternal ventricular drain (EVD) placement is essential for the management of many neurocritical care patients. However, ventriculostomy-related infection (VRI) is a serious complication, and there remains no well-established protocol guiding use of perioperative or extended antibiotic prophylaxis to minimize risk of VRI.OBJECTIVETo analyze published evidence on the efficacy of extended prophylactic antimicrobial therapy and antibiotic-coated external ventricular drains (ac-EVDs) in reducing VRI incidence.METHODSWe searched PubMed for studies related to VRIs and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Eligible articles reported VRI incidence in control and treatment cohorts evaluating prophylaxis with either extended systemic antibiotics (> 24 hr) or ac-EVD. Risk ratios and VRI incidence were aggregated by prophylactic strategy, and pooled estimates were determined via random or mixed effects models. Study heterogeneity was quantified usingI2and Cochran's Q statistics. Rigorous assessment of study bias was performed, and PRISMA guidelines were followed throughout.RESULTSAcross 604 articles, 19 studies (3%) met eligibility criteria, reporting 5242 ventriculostomy outcomes. Extended IV and ac-EVD prophylaxis were associated with risk ratios of 0.36 [0.14, 0.93] and 0.39 [0.21, 0.73], respectively. Mixed effects analysis yielded expected VRI incidence of 13% to 38% with no prophylaxis, 7% to 18% with perioperative IV prophylaxis, 3% to 9% with either extended IV or ac-EVD prophylaxis as monotherapies, and as low as 0.8% to 2% with extended IV and ac-EVD dual prophylaxis.CONCLUSIONManagement with both extended systemic antibiotics and ac-EVDs could lower VRI risk in ventriculostomy patients, but the impact on associated morbidity and mortality, healthcare costs, and length of stay remain unclear.
Socioeconomic status and change in sports activity among middle-aged and older men and women: evidence from the German Ageing Survey
Authors: Lehne Gesa , Bolte Gabriele 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Sports activity (SA) behavior is unequally distributed across socioeconomic status (SES) groups. However, little is known about the impact of SES on change in SA over time.

Methods
Based on data from the German Ageing Survey, we examined the role of objective (education, occupational prestige, household equivalent income, composite SES-index) and subjective (self-rated standard of living) SES indicators on negative and positive changes in SA during a follow-up of 6 years among adults aged 40+ years using logistic regression analysis.

Results
Among active individuals at baseline, 32.1% of males and 24.8% of females experienced a negative change in SA. Among inactive individuals, 25.8 and 29.9% experienced a positive change. In the multivariate analysis, males and females with low SES were about twice as likely to experience a negative change and half as likely to experience a positive change. These patterns were observed regardless which SES indicator was examined.

Conclusions
This study provides comprehensive evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in negative and positive changes in SA behavior among middle-aged and older adults in Germany. To reduce socioeconomic inequalities, future SA interventions should address the mechanisms leading to differential probabilities of change in SA behavior by SES.
IMPROVEMENT OF DOSE ESTIMATION PROCESS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Amit Gal , Datz Hanan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present here for the first time a fast and reliable automatic algorithm based on artificial neural networks for the anomaly detection of a thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) glow curves (GCs), and compare its performance with formerly developed support vector machine method. The GC shape of TLD depends on numerous physical parameters, which may significantly affect it. When integrated into a dosimetry laboratory, this automatic algorithm can classify ‘anomalous’ (having any kind of anomaly) GCs for manual review, and ‘regular’ (acceptable) GCs for automatic analysis. The new algorithm performance is then compared with two kinds of formerly developed support vector machine classifiers—regular and weighted ones—using three different metrics. Results show an impressive accuracy rate of 97% for TLD GCs that are correctly classified to either of the classes.
Patient perceptions and willingness to stop smoking prior to foot and ankle surgery
Authors: Baker Adam , Dean Erin Prewitt , Ishikawa Susan N. , Murphy G. Andrew , Grear Benjamin J. , Richardson David R. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Much attention has been focused on the effects of cigarette smoking on surgical outcomes and bone healing. There has been a recent push to educate patients on the negative effects of smoking on orthopaedic injuries and surgery and to provide support to patients during the smoking cessation process. The goal of this study was to determine whether patients are aware of the orthopaedic effects of smoking and to determine their level of interest in a supervised smoking cessation program.

Methods:
A five-question survey was given to patients who were admitted smokers, along with a short explanation of the deleterious effects of smoking on bones, soft tissue, and wound healing. In addition to questions on how long and how much patients smoked, the survey included questions assessing the patient’s knowledge of the deleterious effects of smoking and their willingness to stop smoking.

Results:
Two hundred thirty-seven patients completed the survey. Of these patients, 104 (44%) indicated that they were unaware of the effects that smoking had on bone and wound healing. Eighty-two percent (195/237) indicated that with this knowledge they would be interested in a smoking cessation program, with 188 (96%) indicating they would stop smoking if their surgery were delayed until they did. Eighteen percent (42/237) were not interested in a smoking cessation program.

Conclusions:
This study indicates that a short discussion of smoking cessation after injury or before elective foot and ankle surgery and referral to a smoking cessation program could positively affect outcomes in smokers undergoing foot and ankle procedures.
Impact of ICARE Training Speed and Motor Assistance on Cardiovascular Response
Authors: Burnfield Judith M. , Pfeifer Chase M. , Kwapiszeski Sarah J. , Irons Sonya L. , Buster Thad W. , Cesar Guilherme M. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
A motor-assisted elliptical, ICARE, is used to address walking and fitness goals; yet, only limited data guide understanding of the impact of ICARE training parameters (e.g., speed and motor assistance) on cardiovascular response. A repeated-measures design investigated the influence of 5 predetermined ICARE speeds (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 revolutions per minute) and 2 motor-assistance levels (with and without assistance) on heart rate (HR), Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood pressure (BP).

Methods:
Ten healthy participants' HR, RPE, and BP were recorded during steady state Active Assist (ICARE's motor assisting leg movement) and Active Assist Plus exercise (without motor's assistance) at 5 speeds.

Results:
Significant main effects on HR were documented for ICARE speed (F[4,36] = 77.313, P < .001) and motor assistance (F[1,36] = 224.813, P < .001), and an interaction (F[4,36] = 4.410, P = .005). Significant main effects on RPE were documented for speed (F[4,36] = 47.106, P < .001) and motor assistance (F[1,36] = 24.929, P < .001). Significant main effects on systolic BP were documented for speed (F[4,36] = 78.849, P < .001) and motor assistance (F[1,36] = 6.911, P = .027), and an interaction (F[4,36] = 5.695, P = .001). Only the main effect of motor assistance on diastolic BP was significant (F[1,36] = 7.917, P = .020).

Conclusions:
Increases in ICARE speed and decreases in motor assistance contributed to clinically relevant increases in HR, RPE, and systolic BP in a cohort of young, nondisabled adults.
MiR-486-5p Downregulation Marks an Early Event in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kelley Katherine A. , Wieghard Nicole , Chin Yuki , Potter Amiee , Mori Motomi , Wong Melissa H. , Chin Koei , Tsikitis V. Liana 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
MicroRNAs are dysregulated in colorectal cancer and subsets correlated with advanced tumor stage and metastasis. Data are lacking on microRNA dysregulation from early to late-stage disease.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to identify a microRNA signature associated with the primary tumor and metastatic site in stage IV disease and to examine whether the signature is evident in earlier stages.

DESIGN:
A microRNA profile was generated and then explored in normal colon tissue (n = 5), early stage (stage I and II; n = 10), and late-stage (stage III and IV; n = 14) colorectal primary tumors via polymerase chain reaction to delineate molecular events that may promote colorectal carcinogenesis.

SETTING:
Genome-wide microRNA expression profiling was performed.

PATIENTS:
A total of 14 patient-matched stage IV primary colorectal cancer tumors and corresponding liver metastases were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
MicroRNA array technology was used to identify microRNA expression–predictive metastatic potential in the primary tumor.

RESULTS:
A distinct 9-member signature group of microRNAs was concurrent in stage IV primary colorectal cancer and their corresponding liver metastases, when compared with surrounding unaffected colon and liver tissue (microRNA-18b, microRNA-93, microRNA-182, microRNA-183, microRNA21, microRNA-486-5p, microRNA-500a, microRNA-552, and microRNA-941). Of the microRNA panel, only microRNA486-5p was differentially expressed in early stage colorectal cancer samples compared with normal tissue (p = 0.001) and additionally differentially expressed between late-stage colorectal cancer samples and normal tissue (p < 0.01).

LIMITATIONS:
Our microRNA profile was generated in a small subset of patients and will require validation in more samples.

CONCLUSIONS:
We identified a distinct microRNA signature in primary colon and matched metastatic disease. On additional investigation, 1 microRNA was differentially expressed in both early and late-stage cancer patient samples, and it may herald an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. This study warrants additional investigation with a larger patient cohort to better understand the effect of microRNAs in carcinogenesis. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A723.