bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cold stress on gene expression and functional pathways in maize root system
Authors: Ma Yanhua , Li Suiyan , Lin Hong , Pan Liyan , Yang Guowei , Lai Yanhua , Sun Dequan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the key genes and associated functions involved in the cold response of maize root under low temperature. The gene expression profiling GSE72508 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included four maize varieties. Genes that were differentially expressed in maize primary root under cold conditions and normal conditions were screened in four varieties. These genes were performed functional enrichment analyses and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network establishment. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of four varieties were compared through Venn diagram to further screen key genes induced by cold stress. Totally, 116, 140, 94 and 101 DEGs were screened between cold treatment and control groups in four varieties, respectively. They were significantly enriched in functions of carbohydrate metabolic and biosynthetic processes, polysaccharide metabolic and biosynthetic processes, and glycogen metabolic and biosynthetic processes, as well as pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis and ribosome. Venn diagram analysis identified two common DEGs between the four varieties: LOC100282063 and eno1. Cold stress may influence the normal growth and development of maize through changing the metabolism and biosynthesis of sugar, as well as affecting the photosynthesis. Additionally, LOC100281989 and eno1 may be key genes involved in cold response of maize under low temperature.
The importance of seasonal environmental factors in the foraging habitat selection of Alpine Ring Ouzels Turdus torquatus alpestris
Authors: Barras Arnaud G. , Marti Sophie , Ettlin Sarah , Vignali Sergio , Resano‐Mayor Jaime , Braunisch Veronika , Arlettaz Raphaël 
Published: August 2019

Species inhabiting mountain ecosystems are expected to be particularly vulnerable to environmental change, yet information on their basic ecology is often lacking. Knowledge from field‐based empirical studies remains essential to refine our understanding of the impact of current habitat alterations and for the consequential development of meaningful conservation management strategies. This study focuses on a poorly investigated and vulnerable mountain bird species in Europe, the Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus. Our aim was to identify the species’ key ecological requirements during the crucial period of nestling provisioning in the context of environmental change. We radiotracked and observed Alpine Ring Ouzels in a high‐density population, investigating their pattern of foraging habitat selection in 2015 and 2017, and evaluated the transferability of these results over a wider geographical range across the SW Swiss Alps. Foraging birds selected, consistently in space and time, short grass swards (< 10 cm) with interspersed patches of accessible and penetrable soils, at intermediate moisture levels (around 40–65% volumetric water content). In Alpine ecosystems, this microhabitat configuration is typically widespread during the spring snowmelt, but extremely seasonal, with a rapid decrease in its availability over the course of the breeding season. This underlines the high vulnerability of the Ring Ouzel to environmental change: an earlier snowmelt could generate a temporal mismatch between the peak of the breeding effort and optimal foraging conditions; however, abandoning grazing activities on semi‐wooded Alpine pastures may further decrease foraging habitat suitability through taller and denser grass swards, and subsequent woody vegetation encroachment. This study provides a mechanistic appraisal of the challenges Ring Ouzels will face in the future, as well as initial guidelines for targeted habitat management within timberline ecotones.
Accounting for differential migration strategies between age groups to monitor raptor population dynamics in the eastern Black Sea flyway
Authors: Vansteelant Wouter M. G. , Wehrmann Jasper , Engelen Dries , Jansen Johannes , Verhelst Brecht , Benjumea Rafa , Cavaillès Simon , Kaasiku Triin , Hoekstra Bart , de Boer Folkert 
Published: August 2019

Migration counts can offer a cost‐effective method for monitoring the state of migrant raptor populations. However, differential migration strategies between inexperienced juveniles and experienced non‐juveniles are rarely accounted for when inferring population trends from raptor migration counts. Since 2011, the Batumi Raptor Count (BRC) monitors the autumn migration of more than 1 million raptors along the eastern Black Sea coast in the Republic of Georgia. We also systematically sampled age information to assess differential migration timing between age groups and estimate age‐specific linear trends in abundance between 2011 and 2018 for eight focal species. In so doing we aimed (1) to reassess the global relevance of BRC counts for each species and the potential for monitoring abundance of juveniles and non‐juveniles, and (2) to identify demographic changes underlying recent trends in overall abundance. We found that the mean annual passage of non‐juveniles at Batumi represents at least 1% of the estimated global breeding population of five study species. As expected, counts of juveniles were more variable than counts of non‐juveniles. Yet despite our short monitoring period our models had sufficient statistical power to detect changes in abundance of 10%/year or less for at least one age group in all species except Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus. Our results indicate stable abundance and demography for half of the study species. We also found strong and significant increases in the abundance of Black Kites Milvis migrans and Short‐toed Eagles Circaetus gallicus that were primarily due to increasing numbers of non‐juveniles. By contrast, juvenile Montagu's Harriers Circus pygargus and Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus significantly decreased in abundance. The first decade of BRC surveys offers an important benchmark for monitoring raptor populations using the eastern African–Palearctic flyway in the 21st century. We discuss possible causes of the observed trends and hope our work will stimulate demographic monitoring at migration count sites.
Dual relational model of perceived overqualification: Employee's self‐concept and task performance
Authors: Li Yi , Wu Mengru , Li Nana , Zhang Man 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrawing upon self‐representation theory and using a relationship perspective, we constructed a dual‐path‐moderated mediation model to examine the relationship between employees’ perceived overqualification and task performance. We tested this model with data from a sample of 242 subordinate‐supervisor dyads in Shanghai, China. The results suggested that perceived overqualification had a negative indirect effect on task performance through perceived insider status (PIS), and popularity moderated the negative association between perceived overqualification and PIS. In addition, the relationship between perceived overqualification and task performance via organization‐based self‐esteem was positive when supervisor‐subordinate guanxi was high but negative when it was low. The implications, limitations, and future research directions of these findings are discussed.
Factors linked to interannual variation in the metazoan parasite communities of black skipjack, Euthynnus lineatus (Pisces: Scombridae)
Authors: Miranda‐Delgado Jesus E. , Violante‐González Juan , Monks Scott , Rojas‐Herrera Agustín A. , García‐Ibáñez Sergio , Flores‐Rodríguez Pedro , Romero‐Ramírez Yanet , Santos‐Bustos Nataly G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMarine parasite communities can exhibit temporal and spatial changes in response to seasonal and local variations in several biotic and abiotic environmental factors. Limited attention has been given to the influence of abiotic factors, so their effects on parasite community structure remain unclear. A total of 496 specimens of Euthynnus lineatus were collected over a 7‐year period (2012–2018) from Acapulco Bay, Mexico. Their parasite communities were analyzed to determine if they experience interannual variations due to local biotic and abiotic factors. Thirty‐three metazoan parasite species were recovered and identified: four species of Monogenea (adults); 16 of Digenea (one larvae and 15 adults); two of Acanthocephala (adults); two of Cestoda (larvae); three of Nematoda (two larvae and one adult); and six of Crustacea (three Copepoda, and three Isopoda). Species richness was greatest among the digeneans, which represented 48% of the total species recovered, followed by the crustaceans (19% of total species). Species richness at the component community level (14–24 species) was similar to reported richness in other small tuna species. The component communities and infracommunities of E. lineatus exhibited a similar pattern: high species richness and diversity, and numerical dominance by a single species, mainly by one of the didymozoids Allopseudocolocyntotrema claviforme or Pseudocolocyntotrema yaito. Parasite community structure and species composition varied among sampling years. Variations were possibly caused by a combination of abiotic and biotic factors which generated notable changes in the infection levels of several component species during the study period. These communities may therefore be unpredictable in terms of structure and species composition, as has been suggested for other communities of marine parasites.
OPERATING LEVERAGE AND UNDERINVESTMENT
Authors: Jiao Feng , Nishihara Michi , Zhang Chuanqian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing a contingent claims model, we examine the impacts of both operating leverage and financial leverage on a firm's investment decisions in the context of capacity expansion. Our model shows that quasi‐fixed operating costs could significantly mitigate the underinvestment problem for debt‐financed firms. The existing debt induces equity holders to delay equity‐financed expansion because the expanded earnings base will also benefit the debt holders by lowering the bankruptcy risk. The operating costs decrease this type of wealth transfer from equity holders to debt holders by magnifying the bankruptcy risk of the existing debt upon investment. By applying the Cox proportional hazard model on a large sample of publicly traded U.S. firms over 1966–2016, we offer empirical support for the theoretical predictions. The results are robust to various measures of operating leverage.
CORPORATE LIQUIDITY AND NBER RECESSION ANNOUNCEMENTS
Authors: Stone Anna‐Leigh , Gup Benton E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing announcement memos released by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), we show that corporations increase liquidity during the quarter the NBER announces a peak in the business cycle. This reaction is primarily restricted to memos about peaks in the business cycle, whether it is a preliminary announcement or an official confirmation. Federal Open Market Committee and other monetary policy news, real‐time data releases, and tightening credit conditions do not drive the increase. This finding adds to the precautionary cash holdings literature by suggesting that corporations adjust liquidity not necessarily before recessions, but upon confirmation of a recession.
Defining polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype in Vietnamese women
Authors: Cao Ngoc Thanh , Le Minh Tam , Nguyen Vu Quoc Huy , Pilgrim Justin , Le Viet Nguyen Sa , Le Dinh Duong , Pham Chi Kong , Aharon Devora , Hill Micah J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the unique phenotype of the Vietnamese polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) population.MethodsIn this multicenter cross‐sectional descriptive study, a total of 901 reproductive‐age women were recruited at three medical centers in Vietnam from June 2016 to May 2018. Group I included 479 patients with PCOS (Rotterdam 2003 consensus) and Group II included 422 non‐PCOS women, consisted of women with regular menstrual cycle, collected at the same time of PCOS recruitment, without ovarian disease or ovarian failure. Main outcome measures were anthropomorphic, serum hormone, ultrasound and physical characteristics of PCOS.ResultsThe Vietnamese PCOS population was lean, but with a higher weight and body mass index compared to controls. About 34.4% of PCOS subjects had hirsutism, primarily confined to the leg, arm and pubis. The PCOS population had higher serum luteinizing hormone (LH), LH : follicle stimulating hormone ratio, anti‐Mullerian hormone and testosterone. The PCOS population had double the ovarian volume compared to controls. PCOS subjects had no increase in metabolic disease history and had on average optimal serum markers for low metabolic disease risk. Group D (O + polycystic ovary morphology [PCOM]) was the most prevalent phenotype noted in our Vietnamese PCOS cohort (67.6%). Modified Ferriman–Gallwey, levels of LH, testosterone and anti‐Mullerian hormone were highest in Group A (O + H + PCOM) and lowest in Group D (O + PCOM).ConclusionThe Vietnamese PCOS population is characterized by a lean body type, nonfacial hirsutism, anovulatory, enlarged ovaries and typical PCOS serum hormone markers, low risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Nonclassical phenotypes for PCOS were more frequent than the classic phenotype.
Is toombak a risk factor for oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma ? A systematic review
Authors: Patil Shankargouda , Arakeri Gururaj , Alamir Abdul Wahab H. , Patil Shekhar , Awan Kamran Habib , Baeshen Hosam , Raj Thirumal , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionToombak is a form of smokeless tobacco that is not well known in Western Society but is widely used by the Sudanese population and many others in the sub‐Sahara region. However, unlike other smokeless tobacco products, information on the carcinogenic potential of toombak is scarce. The present review explored any potential epidemiological association between the use of toombak and oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsDatabases including the Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE and PubMed were searched for literature on the potential association between toombak and oral leukoplakia and OSCC. The search also included grey literature. The search period extended from 1990 to 2018. Following data mining, the study selection was conducted by two reviewers independently.ResultsEight studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Based on these results, there was a threefoldto sevenfold increased risk of developing the oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma among toombak users compared with non‐users.ConclusionBased on the results of the systematic review, there is a strong epidemiological evidence to suggest toombak to be a major risk factor for both oral leukoplakia and OSCC. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the molecular pathway of toombak‐induced oral carcinogenesis.
Retrospective audit of referral and triage pathways of paediatric patients with constipation and soiling
Authors: Trajanovska Misel , Liew Amos , Gibb Susan , Goldfeld Sharon , King Sebastian K 
Published: August 2019

AimThis study aimed to explore referral and triage pathways for paediatric patients referred to an Australian hospital with bowel dysfunction (isolated or mixed bowel and bladder).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective audit of patients who attended their first clinic appointment during April to June 2014. Patients were included if they: (i) were a new patient referred for symptoms of constipation, soiling, daytime urinary incontinence or enuresis; and (ii) attended the encopresis, general medicine, continence, gastroenterology, paediatric surgery, urology, renal or Child and Adolescent Mental Health clinic. Patients with an organic cause (e.g. Hirschsprung disease) for their dysfunction were excluded.ResultsOf 1485 new patients seen at our targeted clinics, 281 (18.9%) had symptoms of bowel and/or bladder dysfunction. After excluding patients aged younger than 3 years (n = 43) and those with isolated bladder dysfunction (n = 130), 56 were referred for isolated bowel dysfunction and 52 for mixed bowel and bladder dysfunction. The median wait time from referral to first appointment was 3.8 months. Median wait times varied across symptom groups (isolated bowel, 4.6 months; mixed 3.4 months) and clinics (encopresis, 7.7 months; general medicine, 2.5 months). Over a 12‐month period, patients attended an average of 3.5 appointments (isolated bowel, mean 3 appointments; mixed, mean 4 appointments).ConclusionPaediatric patients with symptoms of bowel and bladder dysfunction wait several months to be seen in a public tertiary referral hospital. Alternative pathways for care, such as community‐based primary care, need to be explored to improve timely management.
Folic acid and its metabolite codetermination for pharmacokinetics with circadian rhythms and evaluation of oral bioavailability
Authors: Meng Fanyue , Zhang Guoqing , Wang Caifen , Zhu Rui , Li Haiyan , Xu Jian , Shakya Shailendra , Chen Weidong , Wu Li , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Pharmacokinetics of vitamins is still a challenge. In this study, folic acid (FA) was used as a model drug and aimed at investigating a reliable method for its detailed pharmacokinetic evaluations.

Methods
An high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and performed to determinate the FA and 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-methylTHF) simultaneously, which was applied to characterize the circadian rhythms as well as the pharmacokinetics of different preparations.

Key findings
The plasma concentration of 5-methylTHF in fasted state was twofold higher than that in fed state. The circadian rhythms were studied before the pharmacokinetics and revealed that free FA was almost undetected in blank plasma, while 5-methylTHF had a slight decrement at 12:00. Hence, the pharmacokinetics of FA was conducted and showed that the administration of FA solution resulted in enhancing bioavailability of 5-methylTHF comparing with FA raw material suspension, whereas the free FA level in plasma was similar. The mechanism could be that FA was rapidly metabolized to 5-methylTHF in intestinal epithelial cell after absorption, which revealed that intestinal metabolism would affect its bioavailability.

Conclusion
A suitable method was established considering the baseline level, circadian rhythms and intestinal metabolism to investigate the pharmacokinetics of FA for guiding the further research of vitamins.
School food provision in England: A historical journey
Authors: Rose K. , Lake A. A. , Ells L. J. , Brown L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSchool food provision is an important lever to shape the eating behaviours and dietary intake of school‐aged children and young people, and may help to address issues of childhood obesity, inadequate nutrient intakes and the widening gap of health inequalities. The regulation of school food has been an issue since the 1940s, with the challenges of developing a school food policy that supports health and wellbeing and that can be effectively translated in practice remaining to the present day. This paper examines changes to school food provision in England since the 1940s, with regard to the political structure and decisions made by each respective government. It considers the lessons learned from the development of school food policies over this period and possible ways to improve the standards of school food in the future.
The fairness of Hell
Authors: Hershenov David B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Christian conception of Hell as everlasting punishment for past sins is confronted with two charges of unfairness. The first is the inequity of an eternal punishment. The never‐ending punishment seems disproportionate to the finite sin (Kershnar, Lewis, Adams). A second and related problem is that the boundary between sins that send one for all eternity to Hell and those sins that are slightly less bad that are compatible with an eternity in Heaven is arbitrary and thus it is unfair that sinners so alike are treated differently (Sider). Hell, as traditionally conceived, is then claimed to be incompatible with God's traditional attributes such as his commitment to justice, omniscience and omnipotence. The unfairness can be avoided by appealing to God's foreknowledge and a debt/atonement theory of punishment. My view is analogous to refusing to parole the unrepentant. If a wrongdoer is eternally defiant, then he can never be released from Hell for his debt won't ever be paid if he isn't reformed and reconciled with the wronged. So it doesn't matter that his initial sin was a finite wrong not deserving of infinite punishment nor a sin no worse than that of the penitent in Heaven.
Multi‐dimensional conservation laws and integrable systems
Authors: Makridin Zakhar V. , Pavlov Maxim V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a new property of two‐dimensional integrable hydrodynamic chains—existence of infinitely many local three‐dimensional conservation laws for pairs of integrable two‐dimensional commuting flows. Infinitely many local three‐dimensional conservation laws for the Benney commuting hydrodynamic chains are constructed. As a by‐product, we established a new method for computation of local conservation laws for three‐dimensional integrable systems. The Mikhalëv equation and the dispersionless limit of the Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili equation are investigated. All known local and infinitely many new quasilocal three‐dimensional conservation laws are presented. Also four‐dimensional conservation laws are considered for couples of three‐dimensional integrable quasilinear systems and for triplets of corresponding hydrodynamic chains.
The overexpression of rice ACYL‐CoA‐BINDING PROTEIN2 increases grain size and bran oil content in transgenic rice
Authors: Guo Ze‐Hua , Haslam Richard P. , Michaelson Louise V , Yeung Edward C. , Lung Shiu‐Cheung , Napier Johnathan A. , Chye Mee‐Len 
Published: August 2019

SummaryAs Oryza sativa (rice) seeds represent food for over three billion people worldwide, the identification of genes that enhance grain size and composition is much desired. Past reports have indicated that Arabidopsis thaliana acyl‐CoA‐binding proteins (ACBPs) are important in seed development but did not affect seed size. Herein, rice OsACBP2 was demonstrated not only to play a role in seed development and germination, but also to influence grain size. OsACBP2 mRNA accumulated in embryos and endosperm of germinating seeds in qRT‐PCR analysis, while β‐glucuronidase (GUS) assays on OsACBP2pro::GUS rice transformants showed GUS expression in embryos, as well as the scutellum and aleurone layer of germinating seeds. Deletion analysis of the OsACBP2 5’‐flanking region revealed five copies of the seed cis‐element, Skn‐I‐like motif (−1486/−1482, −956/−952, −939/−935, −826/−822, and −766/−762), and the removal of any adversely affected expression in seeds, thereby providing a molecular basis for OsACBP2 expression in seeds. When OsACBP2 function was investigated using osacbp2 mutants and transgenic rice overexpressing OsACBP2 (OsACBP2‐OE), osacbp2 was retarded in germination, while OsACBP2‐OEs performed better than the wild‐type and vector‐transformed controls, in germination, seedling growth, grain size and grain weight. Transmission electron microscopy of OsACBP2‐OE mature seeds revealed an accumulation of oil bodies in the scutellum cells, while confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated oil accumulation in OsACBP2‐OE aleurone tissues. Correspondingly, OsACBP2‐OE seeds showed gain in triacylglycerols and long‐chain fatty acids over the vector‐transformed control. As dietary rice bran contains beneficial bioactive components, OsACBP2 appears to be a promising candidate for enriching seed nutritional value.