bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the high-altitude tarantulas Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) with the description of a new species
Authors: Ferretti Nelson , Chaparro Juan C. , Ochoa José A. , West Rick 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A cladistics analysis of the high-altitude tarantulas of the genus Hapalotremus was carried out for the first time with a matrix of 21 taxa and 69 morphological characters using both equal and implied weights. Two consistent topologies were obtained with a concavity = 10.541, resulting from a sensitivity analysis. Both cladograms suggest Hapalotremus as monophyletic. Hapalotremus synapomorphies are females with spermathecae consisting in a single oval receptacle and tibia of the first pair of legs of males very short. Hapalotremus is composed of 15 species including a new species: Hapalotremus munaycha sp. nov. This new species was found to be the sister species of H. vilcanota and is distributed in central Peru at elevations about 4000 m.a.s.l. on interandean valleys. The new species distinguishes from the other known species of the genus by the intense white color on legs, carapace and cheliceae, together with a male palpal bulb carrying a slightly developed prolateral superior keel and the subapical keel ending with two very small teeth. Also, females of Hapalotremus munaycha sp. nov. are characterized by the spermathecae with very wide basal portion and small apical projections pointing upwards.
Japan
Authors: Ishibashi Kanami 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Among South Korean state practices, those related to Japan have become particularly flexible in recent years. Although South Korean domestic courts continue to take tough stance on the issue of comfort women and forced labor, which has long been a source of conflict between the two countries, the current government is trying to move forward, for example for forced labor issue, with a solution by establishing a foundation to take responsibility for compensation from the Japanese government and Japanese companies. This kind of Korean state practice is a great opportunity for Japan to strengthen friendly relations with South Korea. On the other hand, the newly emerging issue of the discharge of treated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the sea has been met with strong protests from Korean civil society, and the current government’s intention to show understanding on this issue is not necessarily supported. It will be crucial to pay close attention to whether or not Korea’s “flexible” state practice will continue even in face of such current issues.
Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Muhammad Ekramul 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article evaluates South Korea’s state practice of international law, highlighting its consistent adherence to fundamental principles and active contributions to new norm development. The Korean Constitution’s monistic approach integrates international treaties and customary international law as part of domestic law, promoting harmony between national and international legal standards. The analysis covers Korea’s judicial support for international norms, commitment to peace under Article 5 of the Constitution, treaty-making mechanisms, and significant contributions to maritime safety and human rights. By exploring these diverse areas, the article argues that Korea is both a norm-taker and a norm-maker, aligning with modern international law principles while fostering the development of new norms.
A New Robust Frontal Disturbance Index of the Oyashio Extension Sea Surface Temperature Front
Authors: Hall Richard J. , Czaja Arnaud , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Deser Clara , Frankignoul Claude , Kwon Young-Oh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Oyashio Extension (OE) frontal zone in the northwest Pacific Ocean is associated with strong gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity. The OE front enhances baroclinicity and anchors the storm tracks; changes in its position and strength may impact atmospheric variability. North–south shifts in the OE front are often defined using the leading principal component for the latitude of the absolute maximum SST gradient in the northwest Pacific (145°–170°E), the so-called Oyashio Extension index (OEI). We show that the OEI is sensitive to the choice of SST dataset used in its construction, and that the significance of regressions of atmospheric fields onto the OEI also depends on the choice of SST datasets, leading to nonrobust results. This sensitivity primarily stems from the longitudinal domain used to define the OEI including a region with parallel or indistinct frontal zones in its central section (155°–164°E), leading to divergent results across datasets. We introduce a new index that considers the extent to which the SST front across this central section departs from climatology, the frontal disturbance index (FDI). For the months considered and over short time lags, the FDI produces more consistent results on air–sea interactions and associated high-frequency storm-track metrics than the conventional OEI, with a southward shift of the storm track for a more positive FDI. The FDI appears to be related to oceanic mesoscale eddy activity in the central OE region. There are significant asymmetric associations between the FDI and storm-track metrics dependent on the sign of the FDI.

Significance Statement
In this study, we aim to understand how the choice of dataset may influence the interpretation of interactions between the ocean and the overlying atmosphere near sea surface temperature (SST) fronts. We find that using different SST datasets affects the results, due to slight differences in the representation of the location of the maximum SST gradient. To understand this, we develop a new index which relates to the degree of disturbance of the SST front. The new index produces regression results that are more consistent across the different datasets. We also identify some possible links between the frontal disturbance and the presence of ocean eddies. We advise that the sensitivity to dataset choice is given due consideration in regions near SST fronts.
An evolving machine-learning-based algorithm to early predict response to anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies in patients with migraine
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Lokhandwala Ammar , Vollono Catello , Vigani Giulia , Burgalassi Andrea , García-Azorín David , Calabresi Paolo , Chiarugi Alberto , Geppetti Pierangelo , Iannone Luigi Francesco 
Published: December 2024

Background The present study aimed to determine whether machine-learning (ML)-based models can predict 3-, 6, and 12-month responses to the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor (anti-CGRPmAbs) in patients with migraine using early predictors (up to one month) and to create an evolving prediction tool. Methods In this prospective cohort study, data from patients with migraine who had received anti-CGRP mAbs for 12 months were collected. Demographic and monthly clinical variables were collected, including monthly headache days (MHDs), days with acute medication use, number of analgesics and Headache Impact Test-6. Response rates were categorized as <25%, 26–50%, 51–75% and >75% reduction in MHDs. ML models were trained using random forest algorithm and optimized to maximize the F1 score. ML model performance was also evaluated using standard evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Sequential backward feature selection was employed to identify the most relevant predictors for each model. Each model was given 11 baseline data inputs and month-based predictors for months 1, 3 and 6. Each model was then validated against an external test cohort of patients who had received anti-CGRP mAbs for 12 months. Results Three hundred thirty-six patients treated with anti-CGRP mAbs were included. The external cohort included 93 patients treated with anti-CGRP mAbs. We developed six models to predict 3- 6- and 12-month responses using early predictors. ML-based models yielded predictions with an accuracy score in the range 0.40–0.73 and an AUC-ROC score in the range 0.56–0.76 during internal testing and yielding predictions with an accuracy in the range 0.39–0.64 and an AUC-ROC score in the range 0.52–0.78 when tested against an external test cohort. Shapley Additive explanations summary plots were generated to interpret the contribution of each feature for each model. Based on these findings, a response prediction tool was developed. Each model was run through a backward feature selection to find the most relevant features for the models. The MHDs reduction of the previous data point tends to be the most relevant, while the migraine with aura indicator tends to be the least effective predictor. Conclusions The response prediction tool utilizing evolving ML-based models holds promise in the early prediction of treatment outcomes for patients with migraine undergoing anti-CGRP mAbs treatment.
Role of Momentary Alcohol Cognitions in Event-Level Relations Between PTSD Symptoms and Alcohol Outcomes: Le rôle des cognitions momentanées liées à l’alcool au niveau de l’événement entre les symptômes du TSPT et la consommation d’alcool
Authors: Zaso Michelle J. , Colder Craig R. , Fetkenhour Lucia M. , Read Jennifer P. 
Published: December 2024

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) commonly co-occur. Momentary alcohol cognitions may represent in-the-moment, modifiable risk factors to target in interventions for comorbid PTSD and AUD. However, the role of such cognitions in risk for problematic drinking as it emerges in response to individuals’ fluctuating PTSD symptoms across their daily lives remains unknown. The present study aimed to test whether state-level PTSD-alcohol expectancies and/or drinking motives modulate in-the-moment associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol outcomes. Method Frequent drinking adults with current PTSD ( n = 54) reported on their posttraumatic symptoms and alcohol cognitions, craving, and consumption during four momentary surveys each day for 14 days (3,024 observations) in an ecological momentary assessment design. Multilevel moderation analyses tested whether in-the-moment PTSD-alcohol expectancies and/or drinking motives moderated relations of PTSD symptoms with alcohol craving and consumption. Results Findings demonstrated a significant interaction between PTSD symptoms and coping drinking motives on in-the-moment alcohol craving. Specifically, greater experience of PTSD symptoms related more strongly to craving for alcohol during events in which drinkers endorsed higher levels of coping drinking motives. There were no additional interaction effects for drinking motives or PTSD-alcohol expectancies on either alcohol craving or consumption. Conclusions Coping drinking motives appear to convey strong in-the-moment risk for PTSD-related alcohol craving yet not subsequent alcohol consumption. Future research should delineate concurrent alcohol risk and possible protective processes active in the presence of PTSD symptoms to help identify targets for interventions tailored to the unique risk processes maintaining comorbid PTSD and AUD.
Assessing the Need for Repeat EEG in Pediatric Patients with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy After Anti-Seizure Medication Withdrawal Following Seizure Freedom
Authors: Paudel Sita , Heebner Madison , Mainali Gayatra , Tencer Jaclyn S. , Kanwar Rhea , Martel Katherine , Kumar Ashutosh , Naik Sunil C. , Pradhan Sandeep , Kandel Prakash , Leslie Douglas 
Published: December 2024

Background Most patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy have good seizure control on antiseizure medications. Although idiopathic generalized epilepsy subtypes such as juvenile absence epilepsy and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy have a high risk of relapse, childhood absence epilepsy may have seizure remission. After 2 years of seizure freedom in childhood absence epilepsy, typically antiseizure medications are discontinued, but follow-up protocols are unclear. This study aims to evaluate how often patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy undergo electroencephalography (EEG) after antiseizure medication withdrawal, how often antiseizure medications are restarted based on EEG findings, and if this varies between physicians and advanced practice providers at our institution. Methods This was a retrospective chart review. Data were collected using electronic medical records of pediatric patients (<18 years) with idiopathic generalized epilepsy who were successfully weaned off antiseizure medications at Penn State Children's Hospital from 2010 to 2020. Results We reviewed 1409 charts and found 52 patients meeting criteria. Seventeen of 52 patients (32%) had a repeat EEG within 6 months of antiseizure medication withdrawal following seizure freedom. Of those 17 patients, 3 (17.6%) had generalized epileptiform discharges on EEG. Of these 3 patients, 2 (66%) were restarted on antiseizure medications based on the abnormal EEG. None had seizure relapse. Conclusion Obtaining a repeat EEG in patients after antiseizure medication withdrawal following seizure freedom is common. Patients with an abnormal EEG are often restarted on antiseizure medications, irrespective of clinical seizure relapse. Considering the high health care costs of EEGs and antiseizure medication side effects, we propose that if patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy do well clinically following antiseizure medication withdrawal, EEGs may not be necessary.
A Morphological and Immunohistochemical Study of Central Nervous System Lymphoma in Southern India from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Logavidhya M  , Narla Swetha Lakshmi 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are rare, accounting for 3.1% of all primary brain tumours. They may be either secondary to systemic lymphoma or primary without the evidence of systemic involvement. In the past two decades, an increased incidence has been reported in patients aged >60 years. The study was undertaken to analyse the morphological and immunohistochemical profile of CNS lymphoma. Methods: The study included all lymphoma cases involving the CNS between 2014 and 2023. Two histopathologists examined the slides independently. For immunophenotyping, indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used on paraffin-embedded tissue. Results: A total of 50 cases were diagnosed during this period with confirmed immunophenotyping. The age range was 11-76 years with male: female distribution of 3:2. HIV serology was available only for 30 cases and was negative in all except for one. The frontal lobe was the most common site of involvement. IHC was done in all 50 cases, of which 47 cases were large B-cell lymphoma, one peripheral T cell lymphoma, one Burkitt lymphoma, and one post-transplant primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL). Among large B-cell lymphomas, two cases showed dual expression and cyclin D1 aberrant expression was detected in one case. Conclusion: This morphological and immunohistochemical study solidifies the fact that diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common immunophenotype observed among PCNSL.
Feline dystocia and kitten mortality up to 12 weeks in pedigree cats
Authors: Černá Petra , Pugalendhi Sneha Joseph , Shaw Darren J , Gunn-Moore Danièlle A 
Published: December 2024

Objectives The aim of the present study was to establish the incidence of dystocia in pedigree cat breeds and investigate mortality rates in kittens up to the age of 12 weeks. Methods A retrospective study was conducted that utilised convenience sampling. Registered cat breeders from 29 countries whose cats had given birth within a single year (2019) were asked to complete an online questionnaire. This study is the third in a series over 30 years that have assessed changes in birth-related statistics in cat breeds. Results Data were collected from 448 breeders on 853 litters, with 3560 live-born kittens from 45 pedigree breeds (as per the queens’ breed). The incidence of dystocia that required veterinary intervention was 14.9% and varied by breed (range 0–22.2%). Caesarean section was required for 10.7% of litters, most commonly in Cornish Rex cats. Despite apparent breed variation, there was no statistically significant difference among breeds. Queens aged over 5 years and litters of more than six kittens were associated with a reduced risk of dystocia, whereas a longer gestation period increased the risk. Bengal cats had the highest cumulative kitten mortality up to the age of 12 weeks (23.4%). Significant breed differences ( P <0.001) were noted, with Ragdoll and Norwegian Forest Cats having lower litter mortality compared with Bengal and British Shorthair/Longhair cats. Conclusions and relevance The incidence of dystocia in pedigree cats was higher than the historical values for non-pedigree and pedigree cats. The age of the queen, gestation length and litter size affected the incidence of dystocia. Kitten mortality was affected by the requirement for caesarean section, presence of birth defects and breed.
The Function of Green Finance Initiative in Maintaining Ocean Health: Novel Findings From an International Database
Authors: Ha Le Thanh 
Published: December 2024

This article empirically analyzes the influence of green finance (GF) on ocean health. Employing 10 indicators and a composite Ocean Health Index (OHI) to measure the efficiency and sustainability of ocean economies, the study spans 9 years across 35 countries. Multiple econometric methodologies, including Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE), and the 2-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), demonstrate a substantial negative association between GF and ocean health. An extensive analysis of GF’s relationship to the Ocean Health Index (OHI) components indicates that GF negatively impacts each of the 6 aspects of OHI. In the long run, however, when a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is used to assess the short- and long-term impacts, the results show a substantial positive association between GF and the ocean health. JEL code: J4; C12
A low-frequency anechoic coating under high hydrostatic pressure by pressure balancing strategy
Authors: Hu Ningdong , Jin Jun , Hu Hongping 
Published: December 2024

It has always been a challenge to develop low-frequency anechoic coatings under high hydrostatic pressure. Based on active pressure balancing strategy (APBS), the airbag embedding in Helmholtz resonator model is proposed to achieve low-frequency and broadband sound absorption under high hydrostatic pressure. Compared with some existing pressure resistance schemes, the proposed anechoic coating has a thinner and lighter structure, lower sound absorption frequency band, and can withstand higher pressure. The proposed anechoic coating achieves sound absorption coefficient larger than 0.5 within the bandwidth of 24.5∼1000 Hz under pressure of 0.1 MPa, and within the bandwidth of 73.6∼1000 Hz under pressure of 5 MPa. The thickness of 10 mm is less than 1‰ of the incident wavelength at 100 Hz. The proposed model provides a new solution to the problem of improving low-frequency sound absorption performance of the anechoic coating under high hydrostatic pressure.
Outcomes of prophylactic fasciotomy in patients with non-traumatic acute limb ischemia
Authors: Apichartpiyakul Poon , Khorana Jiraporn , Rerkasem Kittipan , Tantraworasin Apichat 
Published: December 2024

Objectives Post-reperfusion compartment syndrome is an emergency consequence following revascularization of acute limb ischemia. Fasciotomy is the gold standard treatment for acute compartment syndrome. Some surgeons perform prophylactic fasciotomy (PF) during the same operation; however, fasciotomy may lead to wound complications and an increased length of hospital stay. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of prophylactic fasciotomy in our hospital. Methods This is a retrospective observational cohort study. We reviewed the data of acute limb ischemia patients at Maharaj Nakorn Chiangmai Hospital, who were diagnosed with non-traumatic acute limb ischemia and received revascularization between January 2006 and August 2022. The primary outcomes are 30-day amputation-free survival (AFS) and overall survival (OS). Propensity score weighting with confounder adjustment was used to balance peri-operative confounders. Results From our data, there were 56 patients in the PF group and 301 in the non-prophylactic fasciotomy (NPF) group. The 30-day amputation rates were 12.5% and 10% in the PF and NPF groups, respectively ( p-value 0.895). The 30-day AFS was similar between the PF and NPF groups, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-2.45, and a p-value of 0.882. The 30-day OS in the PF group was statistically lower than that in the NPF group, HR 4.09, 95% CI 1.55-10.77, and a p-value of 0.004. The 1-year and 5-year AFS were not significantly different between the PF and NPF groups. However, the 1-year and 5-year OS were lower in the PF group compared to the NPF group, with HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.37-8.65, and a p-value of 0.009, and HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.24-7.45, and a p-value of 0.015, respectively. Fasciotomy wound infection rates were higher in the PF group compared to the NPF group, 5.5% versus 1.7%, respectively, p-value 0.017. Other clinical outcomes did not show significant statistical differences. Conclusions Prophylactic fasciotomy may not improve amputation-free survival (AFS) but increases mortality, particularly within the first 30 days, even in some high-risk patients. The use of prophylactic fasciotomy should be limited to cases where it is clearly indicated.