bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Enriched, Hadean Mantle Reservoir from 4.2-4.0 Ga zircon xenocrysts from Paleoarchean TTGs of the Singhbhum Craton, Eastern India
Authors: Chaudhuri Trisrota , Wan Yusheng , Mazumder Rajat , Ma Mingzhu , Liu Dunyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb analyses of zircons from Paleoarchean (~3.4 Ga) tonalite-gneiss called the Older Metamorphic Tonalitic Gneiss (OMTG) from the Champua area of the Singhbhum Craton, India, reveal 4.24-4.03 Ga xenocrystic zircons, suggesting that the OMTG records the hitherto unknown oldest precursor of Hadean age reported in India. Hf isotopic analyses of the Hadean xenocrysts yield unradiogenic 176Hf/177Hfinitial compositions (0.27995 ± 0.0009 to 0.28001 ± 0.0007; ɛHf[t] = −2.5 to −5.2) indicating that an enriched reservoir existed during Hadean eon in the Singhbhum cratonic mantle. Time integrated ɛHf[t] compositional array of the Hadean xenocrysts indicates a mafic protolith with 176Lu/177Hf ratio of ∼0.019 that was reworked during ∼4.2-4.0 Ga. This also suggests that separation of such an enriched reservoir from chondritic mantle took place at 4.5 ± 0.19 Ga. However, more radiogenic yet subchondritic compositions of ∼3.67 Ga (average 176Hf/177Hfinitial 0.28024 ± 0.00007) and ~3.4 Ga zircons (average 176Hf/177Hfinitial = 0.28053 ± 0.00003) from the same OMTG samples and two other Paleoarchean TTGs dated at ~3.4 Ga and ~3.3 Ga (average 176Hf/177Hfinitial is 0.28057 ± 0.00008 and 0.28060 ± 0.00003), respectively, corroborate that the enriched Hadean reservoir subsequently underwent mixing with mantle-derived juvenile magma during the Eo-Paleoarchean.
Roles of GalNAc-disialyl Lactotetraosyl Antigens in Renal Cancer Cells
Authors: Tsuchida Akiko , Senda Motohiro , Ito Akihiro , Saito Seiichi , Kiso Makoto , Ando Takayuki , Harduin-Lepers Anne , Matsuda Akio , Furukawa Keiko , Furukawa Koichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGalNAc-disialyl Lc4 (GalNAc-DSLc4) was reported as a novel antigen that associated with malignant features of renal cell cancers (RCCs). To clarify roles of GalNAc-DSLc4 in malignant properties of RCCs, we identified B4GalNAc-T2 as a responsible gene for the synthesis of GalNAc-DSLc4, and prepared stable transfectants of GalNAc-T2 cDNA using VMRC-RCW cells, resulting in the establishment of high expressants of GalNAc-DSLc4. They showed increased proliferation and invasion, and specific adhesion to laminin. In the transfectants, PI3K/Akt signals were highly activated by serum stimulation or adhesion to laminin. GalNAc-DSLc4 was co-localized in lipid rafts with integrin β1 and caveolin-1 in both immunoblotting of fractionated detergent extracts and immunocytostaining, particularly when stimulated with serum. Masking of GalNAc-DSLc4 with antibodies as well as PI3K inhibitor suppressed malignant properties of the transfectants. These results suggested that GalNAc-DSLc4 is involved in malignant properties of RCCs by forming a molecular complex with integrins in lipid rafts.
All-trans-retinoic acid activates the pro-invasive Src-YAP-Interleukin 6 axis in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells while cerivastatin reverses this action
Authors: Mezquita Belén , Mezquita Pau , Pau Montserrat , Gasa Laura , Navarro Lourdes , Samitier Mireia , Pons Miquel , Mezquita Cristóbal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAll-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, can reduce the malignant phenotype in some types of cancer and paradoxically also can promote cancer growth and invasion in others. For instance, it has been reported that RA induces tumor suppression in tumor xenografts of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells while increasing tumor growth and metastases in xenografts of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The signaling pathways involved in the pro-invasive action of retinoic acid remain mostly unknown. We show here that RA activates the pro-invasive axis Src-YAP-Interleukin 6 (Src-YAP-IL6) in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, yielding to increased invasion of these cells. On the contrary, RA inhibits the Src-YAP-IL6 axis of triple-negative MDA-MB-468 cells, which results in decreased invasion phenotype. In both types of cells, inhibition of the Src-YAP-IL6 axis by the Src inhibitor PP2 drastically reduces migration and invasion. Src inhibition also downregulates the expression of a pro-invasive isoform of VEGFR1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, interference of YAP nuclear translocation using the statin cerivastatin reverses the upregulation of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the pro-invasive effect of RA on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and also decreases invasion and viability of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. These results altogether suggest that RA induces pro-invasive or anti-invasive actions in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines due to its ability to activate or inhibit the Src-YAP-IL6 axis in different cancer cells. The pro-invasive effect of RA can be reversed by the statin cerivastatin.
A strong and deformable in-situ magnesium nanocomposite igniting above 1000 °C
Authors: Tekumalla Sravya , Nandigam Yogesh , Bibhanshu Nitish , Rajashekara Shabadi , Yang Chen , Suwas Satyam , Gupta Manoj 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMagnesium has been trending of late in automobile, aerospace, defense, sports, electronic and biomedical sectors as it offers an advantage in light-weighting. In aluminum, titanium, and steel dominated aerospace and defense sectors, applications of Mg were banned/restricted until recently due to perceived easy ignition and inability to self-extinguish immediately. Strength is generally inversely related to ductility, weak texture and unrelated to ignition resistance, making it challenging to optimize all four concurrently in a material. We address this challenge by designing a low density (~1.76 g.cm−3) in-situ Mg nanocomposite. It is a resultant of a sequence of in-situ reactions during melt processing and extrusion. The in-situ formed Y2O3 nanoparticles exhibit coherency with matrix and lead to development of large amount of elastic and plastic strain fields around them. These nanoparticles and secondary phases (Mg2Ca and Mg2Y) are responsible for the nanocomposite’s high tensile strength (~343 MPa). A weak texture mediated tensile ductility of 30% and compressive failure strain of 44% is observed. Further, the ignition temperature increased to 1045 °C (near the boiling point of Mg) due to the formation of protective surficial oxide layers aided by the presence of insulating Y2O3 nanoparticles, rendering the nanocomposite outperform other traditional commercial Mg-based materials.
Fractal features of soil particle size distributions and their potential as an indicator of Robinia pseudoacacia invasion1
Authors: Li Kun , Yang Huanxiang , Han Xu , Xue Lingyu , Lv Yang , Li Jinhua , Fu Zhanyong , Li Chuanrong , Shen Weixing , Guo Huiling , Zhang Yikun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo study the fractal dimensions of the soil particle size distributions (PSDs) within different plantations (of Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Larix kaempferi) and evaluate PSDs as an indicator of the likelihood of Robinia pseudoacacia invasion, the soil porosity of 0–20 cm soil layers was measured at different plantations in the Yaoxiang Forest Farm, Shandong Province, China. The results showed that the fractal dimension (Dm) values varied from 2.59 to 2.70 among the different plantations and were significantly negatively correlated to sand content and positively correlated to silt content and clay content. Significant negative correlations were observed between Dm and both soil organic matter (SOM) (P < 0.05) and available phosphorus (P < 0.01). The multifractal entropy dimension (D1) and entropy dimension/capacity dimension (D1/D0) parameters were not significantly correlated with SOM, although significant correlations were found between SOM and each of D0, Δα, and Δf(α). Compared with the other plantations, the Robinia pseudoacacia plantation had higher nutrient contents, higher D0 and D1 values and lower Dm values. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) ordination, we concluded that Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus densiflora shared a similar habitat and that Robinia pseudoacacia is more likely to invade Pinus densiflora plantations for soil.
Propyl-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbodithioate (HMPC): a new bacteriostatic agent against methicillin—resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Johnston Tatiana , Van Tyne Daria , Chen Roy F. , Fawzi Nicolas L. , Kwon Bumsup , Kelso Michael J. , Gilmore Michael S. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to ‘last resort’ antibiotics compels the development of new antimicrobials against this important human pathogen. We found that propyl 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbodithioate (HMPC) shows bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus (MIC = 4 μg/ml) and rescues Caenorhabditis elegans from S. aureus infection. Whole-genome sequencing of S. aureus mutants resistant to the compound, along with screening of a S. aureus promoter-lux reporter array, were used to explore possible mechanisms of action. All mutants resistant to HMPC acquired missense mutations at distinct codon positions in the global transcriptional regulator mgrA, followed by secondary mutations in the phosphatidylglycerol lysyltransferase fmtC/mprF. The S. aureus promoter-lux array treated with HMPC displayed a luminescence profile that was unique but showed similarity to DNA-damaging agents and/or DNA replication inhibitors. Overall, HMPC is a new anti-staphylococcal compound that appears to act via an unknown mechanism linked to the global transcriptional regulator MgrA.
Nationwide analysis of the relationships between mental health, body mass index and tinnitus in premenopausal female adults in Korea: 2010–2012 KNHANES
Authors: Lee Dong-Hee , Kim Young Soo , Chae Hiun Suk , Han Kyungdo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTinnitus is related to serious comorbidities such as suicidal ideation and attempts. Body mass index (BMI) is associated with auditory symptoms including hearing loss. The aim of this nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between mental health, body mass index and tinnitus in a Korean premenopausal female population. This study analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys in 2010–2012. Data were collected from 4628 19 years or older, premenopausal women. After adjustments, underweight premenopausal women exhibited a higher odds ratio for tinnitus (odd ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.14–2.08) compared with women of normal weight. Moderate and severe tinnitus was highly prevalent in underweight as well as extremely obese women. The prevalence of perceived stress, melancholy, and suicide ideation was significantly higher in women with tinnitus. The prevalence of perceived stress and suicide ideation was significantly higher in underweight women with tinnitus, but that of melancholy was significantly lower. This study demonstrated that underweight premenopausal Korean women had a higher risk of tinnitus, which has grown in importance as a public health issue. Women with tinnitus experience perceived stress and suicide ideation more frequently, but melancholy less frequently than women without.
Less immune activation following social stress in rural vs. urban participants raised with regular or no animal contact, respectively
Authors: Böbel Till S. , Hackl Sascha B. , Langgartner Dominik , Jarczok Marc N. , Rohleder Nicolas , Rook Graham A. , Lowry Christopher A. , Gündel Harald , Waller Christiane , Reber Stefan O. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Our results show that a standardized laboratory psychosocial stressor causes a greater inflammatory response in young healthy participants with an urban upbringing in the absence of pets, relative to young healthy participants with a rural upbringing in the presence of farm animals. In view of the known links between persistent inflammatory states and psychiatric disturbances, and considering that many stress-associated physical and mental disorders are more prevalent in environments offering a narrow range of microbial exposures, we feel that our findings are of general interest and significance. Moreover, we feel our study is timely, as urbanization and the associated socioeconomic consequences are increasing.
Gravisensors in plant cells behave like an active granular liquid
Authors: Bérut Antoine , Chauvet Hugo , Legué Valérie , Moulia Bruno , Pouliquen Olivier , Forterre Yoël 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The sensor of gravity in plants consists of tiny starch-rich grains called statoliths that sediment and form miniature granular piles at the bottom of the gravisensing cells. How such a sensor could be a reliable clinometer is unclear, as granular materials are known to display jamming and finite avalanche angles. Here we address this issue by comparing statolith avalanches in plant cells to microfluidic avalanches of Brownian particles in biomimetic cells. We reveal that statoliths behave like a liquid, not a granular material, due to the cell activity that strongly agitates statoliths. Our study elucidates the physical grounds of the high sensitivity of plants to gravity and bridges the active microrheology of statoliths to the macroscopic response of the plant.
Strengthening mechanisms in polycrystalline nickel-based superalloys
Authors: Goodfellow A. J. 
Published: April 2018

Nickel-based superalloys are currently the material of choice for use in high-temperature applications due to their excellent high-temperature strength. It is understood that many mechanisms contribute to this property, but debate exists regarding how to model these mechanisms and predict the overall strength. This review covers the different strengthening mechanisms occurring in polycrystalline Ni-based superalloys and how these may be modelled, with the aim of revealing the gaps in the literature. It is found that models for precipitation and coherency strengthening are particularly controversial, and a unified model for the yield strength of superalloys is missing from the literature. This is of commercial importance for the design of new alloys with superior mechanical properties to those currently available. This review was submitted as part of the 2018 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.
Impact-induced acceleration by obstacles
Authors: Corbin N A , Hanna J A , Royston W R , Singh H , Warner R B 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We explore a surprising phenomenon in which an obstruction accelerates, rather than decelerates, a moving flexible object. It has been claimed that the right kind of discrete chain falling onto a table falls faster than a free-falling body. We confirm and quantify this effect, reveal its complicated dependence on angle of incidence, and identify multiple operative mechanisms. Prior theories for direct impact onto flat surfaces, which involve a single constitutive parameter, match our data well if we account for a characteristic delay length that must impinge before the onset of excess acceleration. Our measurements provide a robust determination of this parameter. This supports the possibility of modeling such discrete structures as continuous bodies with a complicated constitutive law of impact that includes angle of incidence as an input.
Spearfishing modulates flight initiation distance of fishes: the effects of protection, individual size, and bearing a speargun
Authors: Sbragaglia Valerio , Morroni Lorenzo , Bramanti Lorenzo , Weitzmann Boris , Arlinghaus Robert , Azzurro Ernesto 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In a landscape of fear, humans are altering key behaviours of wild-living animals, including those related to foraging, reproduction, and survival. When exposed to potentially lethal human actions, such as hunting or fishing, fish, and wildlife are expected to behaviourally respond by becoming shyer and learning when to be cautious. Using a rich dataset collected in temperate rocky reefs, we provide evidence of spearfishing-induced behavioural changes in five coastal fish taxa, exposed to different levels of spearfishing exploitation, by using flight initiation distance (FID) as a proxy of predator avoidance. We detected a significant increase of mean and size effects of FID when the observer was equipped with a speargun. Such effects were more evident outside marine protected areas where spearfishing was allowed and was commensurate to the historically spearfishing pressure of each investigated taxon. Our results demonstrate the ability of fish to develop fine-tuned antipredator responses and to recognize the risks posed by spearfishers as human predators. This capacity is likely acquired by learning, but harvest-induced truncation of the behavioural diversity and fisheries-induced evolution may also play a role and help to explain the increased timidity shown by the exploited fishes in our study.
Stretching Convex Domains to Capture Many Lattice Points
Authors: Marshall Nicholas F 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We consider an optimal stretching problem for strictly convex domains in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that are symmetric with respect to each coordinate hyperplane, where stretching refers to transformation by a diagonal matrix of determinant 1. Specifically, we prove that the stretched convex domain which captures the most positive lattice points in the large volume limit is balanced: the (d − 1)-dimensional measures of the intersections of the domain with each coordinate hyperplane are equal. Our results extend those of Antunes and Freitas, van den Berg, Bucur and Gittins, Ariturk and Laugesen, van den Berg and Gittins, and Gittins and Larson. The approach is motivated by the Fourier analysis techniques used to prove the classical $\#\{(i,j) \in \mathbb{Z}^2 : i^2 +j^2 \le r^2 \} =\pi r^2 + \mathcal{O}(r^{2/3})$ result for the Gauss circle problem.
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser-Induced Thermal Therapy for the Treatment of Progressive Enhancing Inflammatory Reactions Following Stereotactic Radiosurgery, or PEIRs, for Metastatic Brain Disease
Authors: Hernandez R Nick , Carminucci Arthur , Patel Purvee , Hargreaves Eric L , Danish Shabbar F 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In patients who have previously undergone maximum radiation for metastatic brain tumors, a progressive enhancing inflammatory reaction (PEIR) that represents either tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis, or a combination of both, can occur. Magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) offers a minimally invasive treatment option for this problem.

OBJECTIVE
To report our single-center experience using LITT to treat PEIRs after radiosurgery for brain metastases.

METHODS
Patients with progressive, enhancing reactions at the site of prior radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors and who had a Karnofsky performance status of ≥70 were eligible for LITT. The primary endpoint was local control. Secondary end points included dexamethasone use and procedure-related complications.

RESULTS
Between 2010 and 2017, 59 patients who underwent 74 LITT procedures for 74 PEIRs met inclusion criteria. The mean pre-LITT PEIR size measured 3.4 ± 0.4 cm3. At a median follow-up of 44.6 wk post-LITT, the local control rate was 83.1%. Most patients were weaned off steroids post-LITT. Patients experiencing a post-LITT complication were more likely to remain on steroids indefinitely. The rate of new permanent neurological deficit was 3.4%.

CONCLUSION
LITT is an effective treatment for local control of PEIRs after radiosurgery for metastatic brain disease. When possible, we recommend offering LITT once PEIRs are identified and prior to the initiation of high-dose steroids for symptom relief.
Advancing national climate change risk assessment to deliver national adaptation plans
Authors: Warren R. F. , Wilby R. L. , Brown K. , Watkiss P. , Betts Richard A. , Murphy James M. , Lowe Jason A. 
Published: April 2018

A wide range of climate vulnerability and risk assessments have been implemented using different approaches at different scales, some with a broad multi-sectoral scope and others focused on single risks or sectors. This paper describes the novel approach to vulnerability and risk assessment which was designed and put into practice in the United Kingdom's Second Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA2) so as to build upon its earlier assessment (CCRA1). First, we summarize and critique the CCRA1 approach, and second describe the steps taken in the CCRA2 approach in detail, providing examples of how each was applied in practice. Novel elements of the approach include assessment of both present day and future vulnerability, a focus on the urgency of adaptation action, and a structure focused around systems of receptors rather than conventional sectors. Both stakeholders and reviewers generally regarded the approach as successful in providing advice on current risks and future opportunities to the UK from climate change, and the fulfilment of statutory duty. The need for a well-supported and open suite of impact indicators going forward is highlighted.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy'.
Assessing climate change risks to the natural environment to facilitate cross-sectoral adaptation policy
Authors: Brown Iain 
Published: April 2018

Climate change policy requires prioritization of adaptation actions across many diverse issues. The policy agenda for the natural environment includes not only biodiversity, soils and water, but also associated human benefits through agriculture, forestry, water resources, hazard alleviation, climate regulation and amenity value. To address this broad agenda, the use of comparative risk assessment is investigated with reference to statutory requirements of the UK Climate Change Risk Assessment. Risk prioritization was defined by current adaptation progress relative to risk magnitude and implementation lead times. Use of an ecosystem approach provided insights into risk interactions, but challenges remain in quantifying ecosystem services. For all risks, indirect effects and potential systemic risks were identified from land-use change, responding to both climate and socio-economic drivers, and causing increased competition for land and water resources. Adaptation strategies enhancing natural ecosystem resilience can buffer risks and sustain ecosystem services but require improved cross-sectoral coordination and recognition of dynamic change. To facilitate this, risk assessments need to be reflexive and explicitly assess decision outcomes contingent on their riskiness and adaptability, including required levels of human intervention, influence of uncertainty and ethical dimensions. More national-scale information is also required on adaptation occurring in practice and its efficacy in moderating risks.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Advances in risk assessment for climate change adaptation policy’.