bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of sensory characteristics that drive consumer preferences of commercially mass‐produced doenjang in Korea
Authors: Kim Mina K. , Kwak Han Sub , Kim Mi Jeong , Kim Sang Sook 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the drivers of liking for commercially mass‐produced doenjang (fermented soybean paste) among Korean consumers, by correlating the results from descriptive analysis and consumer acceptance testing. Ten doenjang samples were tested, seven of which were manufactured through a modified method and three via applying traditional method for mass production. Significant differences were found in all sensory attributes among the samples (p < .05). The principal component analysis of the descriptive analysis revealed clear discrimination among doenjang samples, according to their sensory characteristics: one group favored mild flavors (high in “sweet” and “umami” tastes and “cooked soybean flavor,” while the other preferred strong fermentation‐related flavors, such as “musty,” “biting,” “soy sauce,” and “fermented fish sauce.” Overall, consumer preference was directed toward doenjang that is high in sweet and umami tastes, meaning that customers favored doenjang produced by the modified method more than traditional‐style doenjang.Practical applicationsThe doenjang market is currently greatly expanding, as consumer interests in health and traditional foods are increasing. Therefore, it is more important than ever to identify the sensory characteristics driving consumer preference, in order to meet consumer expectations. The present study identified consumers who preferred traditional doenjang characteristics as well as sweet and umami characteristics. This suggests the direction in which to proceed in optimizing doenjang flavors, in order to ensure that they match Korean consumer preferences.
Effect of calibration methods on the accuracy of angiographic measurements during transcatheter procedures in dogs
Authors: Markovic Lauren E. , Scansen Brian A. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundDifferent methods to perform reference calibration of an angiographic image exist; however, a prospective comparison of calibration methods has yet to be investigated in veterinary medicine.ObjectiveTo compare angiographic measurements using two commonly employed reference calibration methods, an esophageal pigtail marker catheter (EC) versus a radiopaque table ruler (TR).AnimalsThirty‐five client‐owned dogs undergoing transcatheter intervention.MethodsProspective comparison study. Two reference calibration methods, EC and TR, were recorded in dogs undergoing transcatheter procedures from May 2016 to July 2017. Relevant measurements were performed in triplicate and averaged after image calibration to either EC or TR. Comparisons between methods were made by correlation, paired t‐test, the method of Bland and Altman, and Passing‐Bablok regression.ResultsA total of 39 angiographic structures were measured. Interventions included balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (n = 21), patent ductus arteriosus occlusion (n = 11), subaortic or sub‐pulmonary balloon dilatation (n = 4), and cor triatriatum membranostomy (n = 3). Angiographic measurements were larger when calibrated to EC versus TR (P < .0001). The mean bias was 0.86 mm, with greater bias for larger measurements. The EC measurements were ∼10% greater than TR based on regression analysis. Weight was correlated to the difference between methods (ρ = 0.55, P = .0003).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAngiographic image calibration using a ruler placed on the fluoroscopy table underestimates the size of a structure by ∼10% as compared with a marker catheter placed within the esophagus. This effect is greatest when measuring larger structures such as the pulmonary valve annulus and in larger dogs.
Environmental evidence for a pygmy blue whale aggregation area in the Subtropical Convergence Zone south of Australia
Authors: Garcia‐Rojas Maria I. , Jenner K. Curt S. , Gill Peter C. , Jenner Micheline‐Nicole M. , Sutton Alicia L. , McCauley Robert D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe importance of the Subtropical Convergence Zone south of Australia as a feeding area to the pygmy blue whale of the eastern Indian Ocean was investigated to better understand migration patterns and habitat use. A combination of satellite tagging studies during 2003–2005 and acoustic and visual surveys during the austral summer of 2013 confirmed the presence of pygmy blue whales in the Subtropical Convergence Zone and provided evidence for feeding throughout the region. Of the 67 pygmy blue whales acoustically detected, many were localized in proximity to sea surface temperature fronts and high chlorophyll concentrations, which could be a behavioral strategy to attract conspecifics to good feeding sites. Aggregations of up to four pygmy blue whales, along with decreased call rates during the day, may suggest feeding despite no direct observations of pygmy blue whales consuming euphausiids. The oceanographic features present throughout the Subtropical Convergence Zone continue to create an environment productive enough to support the world's largest living mammals during their migratory foraging movements between the Southern Ocean and Indonesia.
Comprehensive review and annotation of susceptibility SNPs associated with obesity‐related traits
Authors: Dong S.‐S. , Zhang Y.‐J. , Chen Y.‐X. , Yao S. , Hao R.‐H. , Rong Y. , Niu H.‐M. , Chen J.‐B. , Guo Y. , Yang T.‐L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe aimed to summarize the results of genetic association studies for obesity and provide a comprehensive annotation of all susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 72 studies were summarized, resulting in 90,361 susceptibility SNPs (738 index SNPs and 89,623 linkage disequilibrium SNPs). Over 90% of the susceptibility SNPs are located in non‐coding regions, and it is challenging to understand their functional significance. Therefore, we annotated these SNPs by using various functional databases. We identified 24,623 functional SNPs, including 4 nonsense SNPs, 479 missense SNPs, 399 untranslated region SNPs which might affect microRNA binding, 262 promoter and 5,492 enhancer SNPs which might affect transcription factor binding, 7 splicing sites, 76 SNPs which might affect gene methylation levels, 1,839 SNPs under natural selection and 17,351 SNPs which might modify histone binding. Expression quantitative trait loci analyses for functional SNPs identified 98 target genes, including 69 protein coding genes, 27 long non‐coding RNAs and 3 processed transcripts. The percentage of protein coding genes that could be correlated with obesity‐related pathways directly or through gene–gene interaction is 75.36 (52/69). Our results may serve as an encyclopaedia of obesity susceptibility SNPs and offer guide for functional experiments.
Integrating GWAS and gene expression data for functional characterization of resistance to white mould in soya bean
Authors: Wen Zixiang , Tan Ruijuan , Zhang Shichen , Collins Paul J. , Yuan Jiazheng , Du Wenyan , Gu Cuihua , Ou Shujun , Song Qijian , An Yong‐Qiang Charles , Boyse John F. , Chilvers Martin I. , Wang Dechun 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWhite mould of soya bean, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a necrotrophic fungus capable of infecting a wide range of plants. To dissect the genetic architecture of resistance to white mould, a high‐density customized single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array (52 041 SNPs) was used to genotype two soya bean diversity panels. Combined with resistance variation data observed in the field and greenhouse environments, genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance against white mould. Results showed that 16 and 11 loci were found significantly associated with resistance in field and greenhouse, respectively. Of these, eight loci localized to previously mapped QTL intervals and one locus had significant associations with resistance across both environments. The expression level changes in genes located in GWAS‐identified loci were assessed between partially resistant and susceptible genotypes through a RNA‐seq analysis of the stem tissue collected at various time points after inoculation. A set of genes with diverse biological functionalities were identified as strong candidates underlying white mould resistance. Moreover, we found that genomic prediction models outperformed predictions based on significant SNPs. Prediction accuracies ranged from 0.48 to 0.64 for disease index measured in field experiments. The integrative methods, including GWAS, RNA‐seq and genomic selection (GS), applied in this study facilitated the identification of causal variants, enhanced our understanding of mechanisms of white mould resistance and provided valuable information regarding breeding for disease resistance through genomic selection in soya bean.
Generating Partially Synthetic Geocoded Public Use Data with Decreased Disclosure Risk by Using Differential Smoothing
Authors: Quick Harrison , Holan Scott H. , Wikle Christopher K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWhen collecting geocoded confidential data with the intent to disseminate, agencies often resort to altering the geographies before making data publicly available. An alternative to releasing aggregated and/or perturbed data is to release synthetic data, where sensitive values are replaced with draws from models designed to capture distributional features in the data collected. The issues associated with spatially outlying observations in the data, however, have received relatively little attention. Our goal here is to shed light on this problem, to propose a solution—referred to as ‘differential smoothing’—and to illustrate our approach by using sale prices of homes in San Francisco.
Pro‐Consumer Price Ceilings under Regulatory Uncertainty*
Authors: Bennett John , Chioveanu Ioana 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examine optimal price ceilings when the regulator is uncertain about demand and maximizes expected consumer surplus. With perfect competition, if regulatory uncertainty is large enough, then softer intervention is called for, with the price ceiling set at a relatively high level compared with a full information scenario. In an imperfectly competitive setting where symmetric firms compete in supply functions, with large enough uncertainty, the optimal ceiling increases with the degree of competition, so greater competitive pressure justifies less restrictive regulation. Under perfect competition, we also determine a cut‐off level of rationing efficiency below which a price ceiling should not be used.
A Model of Educational Investment, Social Concerns, and Inequality
Authors: Gallice Andrea , Grillo Edoardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe consider a model in which educational investments entail productivity gains, signaling power, and social status. The latter depends on the agent's relative achievement in one of three dimensions: innate skills, level of schooling, and income. We study the three scenarios separately and characterize the conditions under which social concerns increase or decrease educational and income inequality. Inequality increases (decreases) if education lowers the stigma suffered by low‐skilled workers less (more) than it boosts the prestige enjoyed by high‐skilled workers. We discuss the expected results of some policies in light of these findings.
The geometry of Hida families II: -adic -modules and -adic Hodge theory
Authors: Cais Bryden 
Published: March 2018

We construct the$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic crystalline and Dieudonné analogues of Hida’s ordinary$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology, and employ integral$p$-adic Hodge theory to prove$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic comparison isomorphisms between these cohomologies and the$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic de Rham cohomology studied in Cais [The geometry of Hida families I:$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic de Rham cohomology, Math. Ann. (2017), doi:10.1007/s00208-017-1608-1] as well as Hida’s$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology. As applications of our work, we provide a ‘cohomological’ construction of the family of$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D711},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4})$-modules attached to Hida’s ordinary$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic étale cohomology by Dee [$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$–$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E4}$modules for families of Galois representations, J. Algebra235(2001), 636–664], and we give a new and purely geometric proof of Hida’s finiteness and control theorems. We also prove suitable$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$-adic duality theorems for each of the cohomologies we construct.
Central chemosensitivity is augmented during 2 h of thermoneutral head‐out water immersion in healthy men and women
Authors: Sackett James R. , Schlader Zachary J. , O'Leary Morgan C. , Chapman Christopher L. , Johnson Blair D. 
Published: March 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Is central chemosensitivity blunted during thermoneutral head‐out water immersion in healthy humans?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Central chemosensitivity is augmented during thermoneutral head‐out water immersion in healthy men and women. Thus, we suggest that the central chemoreceptors do not contribute to CO2 retention during head‐out water immersion.

AbstractCarbon dioxide retention occurs during water immersion. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that central chemosensitivity to hypercapnia is blunted during 2 h of thermoneutral head‐out water immersion (HOWI) in healthy young adults. Twenty‐six participants (age 22 ± 2 years; body mass index 24 ± 3 kg m−2; 14 women) participated in two experimental visits: a HOWI visit (HOWI) and a dry time‐control visit (Control). Central chemosensitivity was assessed via a rebreathing test at baseline, 10, 60, 90 and 120 min and after HOWI and Control. End‐tidal CO2 tension (), minute ventilation, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded continuously. The increased from baseline throughout HOWI (peak increase at 120 min 2 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.001), and the change in was greater throughout HOWI than Control (P < 0.001). The change in minute and alveolar ventilation was not different throughout time (P ≥ 0.173) or between conditions (P ≥ 0.052). Central chemosensitivity was greater than at baseline throughout HOWI (peak increase 0.74 ± 1.01 l min−1 mmHg−1 at 120 min; P < 0.001), and the change in central chemosensitivity was greater throughout HOWI than Control (P ≤ 0.006). We also divided the cohort into tertiles based on baseline central chemosensitivity (i.e. Low, Intermediate and High) and compared Low versus High during HOWI. Low demonstrated an increase in starting at 10 min (2 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.001), whereas High did not exhibit an increase in until 60 min (2 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.018). These data indicate that CO2 retention occurs throughout HOWI despite augmented central chemosensitivity and that having a high baseline central chemosensitivity might delay the onset of CO2 retention.
Mutation in the Squalene Epoxidase Gene of Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton rubrum Associated with Allylamine Resistance
Authors: Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Shankarnarayan Shamanth A. , Dogra Sunil , Shaw Dipika , Mushtaq Khurram , Paul Raees A. , Narang Tarun , Chakrabarti Arunaloke 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Dermatophytosis, the commonest superficial fungal infection, has gained recent attention due to its change of epidemiology and treatment failures. Despite the availability of several agents effective against dermatophytes, the incidences of chronic infection, reinfection, and treatment failures are on the rise.
Trichophyton rubrum
and
Trichophyton interdigitale
are the two species most frequently identified among clinical isolates in India. Consecutive patients (
n
= 195) with suspected dermatophytosis during the second half of 2014 were included in this study. Patients were categorized into relapse and new cases according to standard definitions. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolated
Trichophyton
species (
n
= 127) was carried out with 12 antifungal agents: fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, sertaconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, naftifine, amorolfine, ciclopirox olamine, griseofulvin, and luliconazole. The squalene epoxidase gene was evaluated for mutation (if any) in 15
T. interdigitale
and 5
T. rubrum
isolates exhibiting high MICs for terbinafine. A T1189C mutation was observed in four
T. interdigitale
and two
T. rubrum
isolates. This transition leads to the change of phenylalanine to leucine in the 397th position of the squalene epoxidase enzyme. In homology modeling the mutant residue was smaller than the wild type and positioned in the dominant site of squalene epoxidase during drug interaction, which may lead to a failure to block the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by the antifungal drug.
Translation Stress Positively Regulates MscL-Dependent Excretion of Cytoplasmic Proteins
Authors: Morra Rosa , Del Carratore Francesco , Muhamadali Howbeer , Horga Luminita Gabriela , Halliwell Samantha , Goodacre Royston , Breitling Rainer , Dixon Neil 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe apparent mislocalization or excretion of cytoplasmic proteins is a commonly observed phenomenon in both bacteria and eukaryotes. However, reports on the mechanistic basis and the cellular function of this so-called “nonclassical protein secretion” are limited. Here we report that protein overexpression in recombinant cells and antibiotic-induced translation stress in wild-typeEscherichia colicells both lead to excretion of cytoplasmic protein (ECP). Condition-specific metabolomic and proteomic analyses, combined with genetic knockouts, indicate a role for both the large mechanosensitive channel (MscL) and the alternative ribosome rescue factor A (ArfA) in ECP. Collectively, the findings indicate that MscL-dependent protein excretion is positively regulated in response to both osmotic stress andarfA-mediated translational stress.IMPORTANCEProtein translocation is an essential feature of cellular organisms. Bacteria, like all single-cell organisms, interact with their environment by translocation of proteins across their cell membranes via dedicated secretion pathways. Proteins destined for secretion are directed toward the secretion pathways by the presence of specific signal peptides. This study demonstrates that under conditions of both osmotic stress and translation stress,E. colicells undergo an excretion phenomenon whereby signal peptide-less proteins are translocated across both the inner and outer cell membranes into the extracellular environment. Confirming the presence of alternative translocation/excretion pathways and understanding their function and regulation are thus important for fundamental microbiology and biotechnology.
The Biosynthesis of Lipooligosaccharide from
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
Authors: Jacobson Amy N. , Choudhury Biswa P. , Fischbach Michael A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell-associated glycolipid that makes up the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a canonical mediator of microbe-host interactions. The most prevalent Gram-negative gut bacterial taxon,
Bacteroides
, makes up around 50% of the cells in a typical Western gut; these cells harbor ~300 mg of LPS, making it one of the highest-abundance molecules in the intestine. As a starting point for understanding the biological function of
Bacteroides
LPS, we have identified genes in
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
VPI 5482 involved in the biosynthesis of its lipid A core and glycan, generated mutants that elaborate altered forms of LPS, and used matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to interrogate the molecular features of these variants. We demonstrate,
inter alia
, that the glycan does not appear to have a repeating unit, and so this strain produces lipooligosaccharide (LOS) rather than LPS. This result contrasts with
Bacteroides vulgatus
ATCC 8482, which by SDS-PAGE analysis appears to produce LPS with a repeating unit. Additionally, our identification of the
B. thetaiotaomicron
LOS oligosaccharide gene cluster allowed us to identify similar clusters in other
Bacteroides
species. Our work lays the foundation for developing a structure-function relationship for
Bacteroides
LPS/LOS in the context of host colonization.

IMPORTANCE
Much is known about the bacterial species and genes that make up the human microbiome, but remarkably little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which the microbiota influences host biology. A well-known mechanism by which bacteria influence the host centers around lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane. Pathogen-derived LPS is a potent ligand for host receptor Toll-like receptor 4, which plays an important role in sensing bacteria as part of the innate immune response. Puzzlingly, the most common genus of human gut bacteria,
Bacteroides
, produces LPS but does not elicit a potent proinflammatory response. Previous work showing that
Bacteroides
LPS differs structurally from pathogen-derived LPS suggested the outlines of an explanation. Here, we take the next step, elucidating the biosynthetic pathway for
Bacteroides
LPS and generating mutants in the process that will be of great use in understanding how this molecule modulates the host immune response.
Microbial Unmasking of Plant Glycosides
Authors: Biernat Kristen A. , Li Bo , Redinbo Matthew R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The therapeutic potential of plants is widely recognized and harnessed in plant-based remedies and drug discovery. However, the factors that modulate the bioavailability and bioactivities of plant-derived phytochemicals are poorly understood. In a recent article in
mBio
, M. C. Theilmann et al. (mBio 8:e01421-17, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01421-17
) describe how one gut microbe,
Lactobacillus acidophilus
, catalytically unwraps plant glucosides to make deglucosylated bioactive aglycones available to human tissues. They demonstrate that understanding the metabolism of plant glycosides by intestinal bacteria is essential to appreciating how bacteria manipulate the levels of bioactive plant metabolites in the human host.