bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASPASES-1/-8 AND CHONDROCYTES: DRUG TARGET EFFECT AND OSTEOARTHRITIS PATHOLOGY
Authors: Mei J. , Pasoldt A. , Matalova E. , Graessel S. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder characterized by cartilage degeneration, inflammation, and pain. Current treatments provide only symptomatic relief, necessitating novel molecular targets. The caspase family, known for its roles in apoptosis and inflammation regulation, may additionally influence crucial processes for cartilage homeostasis such as differentiation and proliferation. However, the specific roles of individual caspases in OA pathogenesis remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the involvement of the caspase family in OA and as potential targets for therapy, with a focus on caspase-1 and -8.MethodChondrocytes from both healthy and OA donors were cultured in 2D and 3D culture models and stimulated with TNF-α or IL-1β. The expression and activation of caspase-1 and -8 was assessed using RT-PCR, ELISA. Transcriptome analysis of OA and healthy cartilage samples, along with Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis were conducted to explore the involvement of caspase family in OA and to assess its potential as therapeutic targets.ResultHigher expression levels of caspase-1, -8 were observed in OA cartilage compared to healthy cartilage. TNF-α stimulation increased their expression in both healthy and OA chondrocytes, while IL-1β had limited impact. Caspase-8 expression was causally associated with knee OA in MR analysis, suggesting a potential therapeutic target. The caspase-1 inhibitor VX-765 mildly reduced chondrocyte viability, with no significant effect in the presence of TNF-α. While the caspase-8 inhibitor Z-IETD-FMK exhibited slight enhancements in cell viability, these improvements were not statistically significant. Nevertheless, its effectiveness significantly increased in the presence of TNF-α.ConclusionThis study highlights the involvement of caspase-1 and caspase-8 in OA pathology, with caspase-8 emerging as a potential therapeutic target for knee OA treatment. Further investigation into the roles of caspase-1 and -8 in OA pathophysiology, including the efficacy and potential side effects of their corresponding inhibitors, is warranted.AcknowledgementsFunding Inter-Action/Inter-Excellence project (BTHA-JC-2022-36/LUABA22019)
ENHANCING BIOMECHANICAL SPINE MODELS WITH NON-LINEAR RHYTHMS
Authors: Lund M. , Shayestehpour H. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis research aims to enhance the control of intricate musculoskeletal spine models, a critical tool for comprehending both healthy and pathological spinal conditions. State-of-the-art musculoskeletal spine models incorporate segments for all vertebra, each possessing 3 degrees-of-freedom (DOF). Manually defining the posture with this amount of DOFs presents a significant challenge. The prevalent method of equally distributing the spine's overall rotation among the vertebrae often proves to be an inadequate assumption, particularly when dealing with the entire spine.MethodWe have engineered a comprehensive non-linear spine rhythm and the requisite tools for its implementation in widely utilized musculoskeletal modelling software (1). The rhythm controls lateral bending, axial rotation, and flexion/extension. The mathematical and implementation details of the rhythm are beyond this abstract, but it's noteworthy that the implementation accommodates non-linear rhythms. This means, for example, that one set of rhythm coefficients is used for flexion and another for extension. The rhythm coefficients, which distinguish the movement along the spine, were derived from a review of spine literature. The values for spine and vertebra range-of-motion (ROM) vary significantly in published studies, and no complete dataset was found in any single study. Consequently, the rhythm presented here is a composite, designed to provide the most consistent and average set of rhythm coefficients.ResultThe novel spine rhythm simplifies the control of detailed spine models, accommodating varying amounts of input data. It allows for the specification of only the overall motion or the posture at a more detailed level (i.e., lumbar, thoracic, neck). The tools and rhythm coefficients are publicly available on GitHub.ConclusionThe innovative spine rhythm enhances the usability of cutting-edge spine models. For flexion/extension of the spine, it introduces a non-linear rhythm, exhibiting distinct behaviour between flexion and extension - a feature not previously observed in musculoskeletal spine models.1) The AnyBody Modeling System
PREOPERATIVE PREDICTORS OF HIP ABDUCTOR FOR GAIT SPEED IMPROVEMENT AFTER TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY FOR PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: Yasuda T. , Ota S. , Mitsuzawa S. , Yamashita S. , Tsukamoto Y. , Takeuchi Hi. , Onishi E. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionA recent study to identify clinically meaningful benchmarks for gait improvement after total hip replacement (THA) has shown that the minimum clinically important improvement (MCII) in gait speed after THA is 0.32 m/sec. Currently, it remains to be investigated what preoperative factors link to suboptimal recovery of gait function after THA. This study aimed to identify preoperative lower-limb muscle predictors for gait speed improvement after THA for hip osteoarthritis.MethodThis study enrolled 58 patients who underwent unilateral primary THA. Gait speed improvement was evaluated as the subtraction of preoperative speed from postoperative speed at 6 months after THA. Preoperative muscle composition of the glutei medius and minimus (Gmed+min) and the gluteus maximus (Gmax) was evaluated on a single axial computed tomography slice at the bottom end of the sacroiliac joint. Cross-sectional area ratio of individual composition to the total muscle was calculated.ResultThe females (n=45) showed smaller total cross-sectional areas of the gluteal muscles than the males (n=13). Gmax in the females showed lower lean muscle mass area (LMM) and higher ratios of the intramuscular fat area and the intramuscular adipose tissue area to the total muscle area (TM) than that in the males. Regression analysis revealed that LMM/TM of Gmed+min may correlate negatively with postoperative improvement in gait speed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for prediction of MCII in gait speed at ≥ 0.32 m/sec resulted in the highest area under the curve for Gmax TM with negative correlation. The explanatory variables of hip abductor muscle composition predicted gait speed improvement after THA more precisely in the females compared with the total group of both sexes.ConclusionPreoperative Gmax TM could predict gait speed MCII after THA. Preoperative muscle composition should be evaluated separately based on sexes for achievement of clinically important improvement in gait speed after THA.
Wavelength optimization of fine optical surface defect detection based on FDTD
Authors: Wang Shaowen , Lan Wu , Wang Shiling , Liu Dong , Guo Shiwei , Wang Xulongqi , Jin Bingwen , Deng Zhiji , Cheng Miao , Liu Ming , Fu Zhewei 
Published: November 2024

Due to the similar order of magnitude of the defect size and the detection wavelength, when detecting micro-/nano-scale defects on the surface of a fine optical component, the intense modulation of the optical field poses challenges in correlating imaging widths of defects with actual widths. A dark-field scattering imaging (DFSI) model, based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, is established to study the imaging for triangular and circular section defects and investigate the influence of wavelength on defect width detection. Simulated results indicate that a shorter wavelength of the light source in a DFSI detection system leads to a larger mapping range between the imaging width and the actual defect width, which makes calibration less difficult. A DFSI detection system for micro-/nano-scale surface defects on optical components is built to test defects with rectangular cross-sections on a calibration board. The defect widths estimated from the experimental and simulated results are in good agreement, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.11 µm.
Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Right Atrial Pressure and Left Atrial Volume Index Predict Heart Failure and Mortality: Dual Center Experience
Authors: Laurenzano John , Ganesan Previn , Harrington Claire , Slaughter James Christopher , VanWagner Lisa B. , Borgmann Anthony , Gupta Deepak K , Mazumder Nikhilesh , Boike Justin , Izzy Manhal 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Heart failure (HF) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement affects up to 20% of patients. Understanding factors associated with post-TIPS HF is critical. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. We aim to evaluate whether hemodynamic measurements and echocardiographic markers of CCM pre-TIPS and post-TIPS can predict post-TIPS HF and death.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study of cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS between 2010 and 2015 at 2 centers. Patients with cardiomyopathies other than CCM were excluded. A multivariable-adjusted time-to-event analysis assessed associations of clinical, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic parameters with post-TIPS HF and death during 2 years of follow-up. A 180-day landmark analysis was used to assess the association of echocardiographic changes with outcomes.

RESULTS:
In total, 360 patients met study criteria. 32 developed HF post-TIPS (8.8%). Right atrial pressure measured intraprocedurally post-TIPS insertion was associated with increased risk of HF (adjusted HR 1.10 [1.04–1.17]), with a cutoff of 22 mm Hg associated with highest risk (multivariable HR 2.71 [1.22–6.02]). 92 patients died (25.5%). An increase in left atrial volume index within 180 days post-TIPS was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.08 [1.01–1.15]). Other echocardiographic CCM markers were not associated with HF or death.

DISCUSSION:
Increases in right atrial pressure and left atrial volume index post-TIPS, but not CCM status, predict post-TIPS HF and death, respectively. Surveillance echocardiography may play a role in identifying those at highest risk of decompensation post-TIPS. Further prospective study of CCM and its markers in relation with TIPS outcomes is warranted.
International Validation of a Novel PEACE Scale to Improve the Quality of Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Inspection During Endoscopy
Authors: Romańczyk Marcin , Desai Madhav , Kamiński Michal F. , Abe Seiichiro , Alkandari Asma A. , Beyna Torsten , Bisschops Raf , Budzyń Krzysztof , Bugdol Monika , Grover Samir C. , Gyawali C. Prakash , Inoue Haruhiro , Iyer Prasad G. , Messmann Helmut , Ragunath Krish , Saito Yutaka , Srinivasan Sachin , Teshima Christopher , Yadlapati Rena , Hassan Cesare , Sharma Prateek 
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The performance of a high quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is dependent on the mucosal cleanliness. Recently, the Polprep: Effective Assessment of Cleanliness in EGD (PEACE) scale was created to assess the degree of mucosal cleanliness during EGD. The aim of this study was to validate this scoring system in a cohort of international endoscopists.

METHODS:
In total, 39 EGD videos, with different degrees of mucosal cleanliness were retrieved from a previously conducted prospective trial. All experts rated the cleanliness of the mucosa on each video using the PEACE scale. To evaluate agreement of all scores (0–3), intraclass correlation coefficient 2.1 was used. The agreement on adequate (scores 2 and 3) and inadequate (scores 0 and 1) cleanliness was assessed using kappa values.

RESULTS:
Videos evaluating esophagus, stomach, and duodenum cleanliness were reviewed by 16 endoscopists. The PEACE scores demonstrated good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.89), especially for esophagus (0.84; 95% CI 0.71–0.95) and stomach (0.81; 95% CI 0.69–0.91), while agreement was moderate for the duodenum (0.69; 95% CI 0.51–0.87). The agreement was similar between Eastern (0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.92) and Western experts (0.80; 95% CI 0.72–0.88). Similarly, agreement regarding adequate cleanliness was comparable between Eastern (0.70; 95% CI 0.55–0.85) and Western (0.74; 95% CI 0.64–0.84) endoscopists being overall 0.75 (95% CI 0.65–0.85).

DISCUSSION:
The PEACE scoring system is a simple and reliable scale to assess the cleanliness during EGD. The score is now validated among international experts with high concordance, justifying its use in clinical practice.
Cokernels of random matrix products and flag Cohen–Lenstra heuristic
Authors: Huang Yifeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In [H. H. Nguyen and R. Van Peski,
Universality for cokernels of random matrix products,
Adv. Math. 438 2024, Paper No. 109451], Nguyen and Van Peski raised the question of whether the surjective flag of

ℤ
p

{{\mathbb{Z}}_{p}}

-modules modeled by

cok
⁢

(

M
1

⁢
…
⁢

M
k

)

↠
⋯
↠

cok
⁢

(

M
1

)

\mathrm{cok}(M_{1}\dots M_{k})\twoheadrightarrow\cdots\twoheadrightarrow%
\mathrm{cok}(M_{1})

for independent random matrices

M
1

,
…
,

M
k

∈

Mat
n

⁡

(

ℤ
p

)

M_{1},\dots,M_{k}\in\operatorname{Mat}_{n}({\mathbb{Z}}_{p})

satisfies the Cohen–Lenstra heuristic. We answer the question affirmatively when

M
1

,
…
,

M
k

{M_{1},\dots,M_{k}}

follow the Haar measure, and our proof demonstrates how classical ideas in Cohen–Lenstra heuristic adapt naturally to the flag setting. We also prove an analogue for non-square matrices.
Nonlinear mixed Jordan-type derivations on *-algebras
Authors: Rehman Nadeem Ur , Madni Md Arshad , Mozumder Muzibur Rahman 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let

𝒜

{\mathcal{A}}

be a unital

∗

{\ast}

-algebra over the complex field

ℂ

{\mathbb{C}}

. For any

μ
1

,

μ
2

,

μ
3

,
…
,

μ
n

∈
𝒜

{\mu_{1},\mu_{2},\mu_{3},\ldots,\mu_{n}\in\mathcal{A}}

,
a product

μ
1

∘

μ
2

=

μ
1

⁢

μ
2

+

μ
2

⁢

μ
1

\mu_{1}\circ\mu_{2}=\mu_{1}\mu_{2}+\mu_{2}\mu_{1}

is called Jordan product and

μ
1

∙

μ
2

=

μ
1

⁢

μ
2

+

μ
2

⁢

μ
1
∗

{\mu_{1}\bullet\mu_{2}=\mu_{1}\mu_{2}+\mu_{2}\mu_{1}^{\ast}}

is called skew Jordan product. Define

P
3

⁢

(

μ
1

,

μ
2

,

μ
3

)

=

μ
1

∘

μ
2

∙

μ
3

P_{3}(\mu_{1},\mu_{2},\mu_{3})=\mu_{1}\circ\mu_{2}\bullet\mu_{3}

(called mixed Jordan triple product) and

P
n

⁢

(

μ
1

,

μ
2

,
…
,

μ
n

)

=

μ
1

∘

μ
2

∘
⋯

∙

μ
n

P_{n}(\mu_{1},\mu_{2},\ldots,\mu_{n})=\mu_{1}\circ\mu_{2}\circ\cdots\bullet\mu%
_{n}

(called mixed Jordan n-product) for all integer

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

. In this article, it is shown that a map (called nonlinear mixed Jordan n-derivation)

φ
:

𝒜
→
𝒜

{\varphi:\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{A}}

satisfies

φ
⁢

(

P
n

⁢

(

μ
1

,

μ
2

,
…
,

μ
n

)

)

=

∑

i
=
1

n

P
n

⁢

(

μ
1

,
…
,

ν

i
-
1

,

φ
⁢

(

ν
i

)

,

ν

i
+
1

,
…
,

ν
n

)

{\varphi(P_{n}(\mu_{1},\mu_{2},\ldots,\mu_{n}))=\sum_{i=1}^{n}P_{n}(\mu_{1},%
\ldots,\nu_{i-1},\varphi(\nu_{i}),\nu_{i+1},\ldots,\nu_{n})}

for all

ν
1

,

ν
2

,
…
,

ν
n

∈
𝒜

{\nu_{1},\nu_{2},\ldots,\nu_{n}\in\mathcal{A}}

if and only if φ is an additive

∗

{\ast}

-derivation. As applications, our main result is applied to several special classes of unital

∗

{\ast}

-algebras such as prime

∗

{\ast}

-algebras, factor von Neumann algebras and von Neumann algebras with no central summands of type

I
1

{I_{1}}

.
Estimations of Levinson-type inequalities using novel 3-convex Green functions with Taylor’s formula
Authors: Rasheed Awais , Khan Khuram Ali , Pečarić Josip , Pečarić Đilda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study is to derive the generalized Levinson-type inequalities in the form of Taylor representation for higher order convex functions.
This study uses Taylor’s formula and several novel types of 3-convex Green functions, to establish the novel identities associated with Bullen-type inequalities for higher order convex functions. Moreover, various Levinson-type inequalities are proved for positive real weights using Green functions and Taylor’s formula.
Positive solutions for a class of singular fractional boundary value problem with p-Laplacian
Authors: Panigrahi Saroj , Kumar Raghvendra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an attempt has been made to establish the sufficient conditions for the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions by using the fixed point index theory and the Avery–Peterson fixed point
theorem respectively for the following class of nonlinear
singular fractional differential equation

D

0
+

β

⁢

(

ϕ
p

⁢

(

D

0
+

α

⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

)

)

+

f
⁢

(
t
,

u
⁢

(
t
)

,
…
,

u

(

n
-
2

)

⁢

(
t
)

)

=
0

,

t
∈

(
0
,
1
)

,

D_{0^{+}}^{\beta}(\phi_{p}(D_{0^{+}}^{\alpha}u(t)))+f(t,u(t),\dots,u^{(n-2)}(t%
))=0,\quad t\in(0,1),

with the boundary conditions

u

(
k
)

⁢

(
0
)

=
0

,

0
≤
k
≤

n
-
2

,

D

0
+

α

⁢
u
⁢

(
0
)

=
0

,

D

0
+

α
-
1

⁢
u
⁢

(
1
)

=

∫
0
1

D

0
+

α
-
1

⁢
u
⁢

(
t
)

⁢

𝑑
A

⁢

(
t
)

,

u^{(k)}(0)=0,\quad 0\leq k\leq n-2,\qquad D_{0^{+}}^{\alpha}u(0)=0,\qquad D_{0%
^{+}}^{\alpha-1}u(1)=\int_{0}^{1}D_{0^{+}}^{\alpha-1}u(t)\,dA(t),

where

0
<
β
≤
1

{0<\beta\leq 1}

,

n
-
1

<
α
≤
n

{n-1<\alpha\leq n}

,

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

,

A
:

[
0
,
1
]

→
ℝ

{A:[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}}

is a function of bounded variation,

ϕ
p

⁢

(
s
)

=

|
s
|

p
-
2

⁢
s

{\phi_{p}(s)=|s|^{p-2}s}

for

p
>
1

{p>1}

and

ϕ
q

⁢

(
s
)

{\phi_{q}(s)}

is the inverse of

ϕ
p

⁢

(
s
)

{\phi_{p}(s)}

, where

p
,
q

{p,q}

satisfies the relation

1
p

+

1
q

=
1

{\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q}=1}

, f may have singularity at

t
=
0

{t=0}

.
A geometry in the set of solutions to ill-posed linear problems with box constraints: Applications to probabilities on discrete sets
Authors: Gzyl Henryk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
When there are no constraints upon the solutions of the equation

𝑨
⁢
𝝃

=
𝒚

{{\boldsymbol{A}}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}={\boldsymbol{y}}}

, where

𝑨

{{\boldsymbol{A}}}

is a

K
×
N

-

{K\times N-}

matrix,

𝝃
∈

ℝ
N

{{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\in{\mathbb{R}}^{N}}

and

𝒚
∈

ℝ
K

{{\boldsymbol{y}}\in{\mathbb{R}}^{K}}

a given vector, the description of the
set of solutions as

𝒚

{{\boldsymbol{y}}}

varies in

ℝ
K

{{\mathbb{R}}^{K}}

is well known. But this is not so when the solutions are required to satisfy

𝝃
∈

𝒦
⁢

∏

i
≤
j
≤
N

[

a
j

,

b
j

]

{{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\in{\mathcal{K}}\prod_{i\leq j\leq N}[a_{j},b_{j}]}

, for finite

a
j

≤

b
j

:

1
≤
j
≤
N

{a_{j}\leq b_{j}:1\leq j\leq N}

. To solve this problem we bring in a strictly convex, Fermi-Dirac entropy function

Ψ
⁢

(
𝝃
)

{\Psi({\boldsymbol{\xi}})}

, and find the solution as

a
⁢
r
⁢
g
⁢
m
⁢
i
⁢
n
⁢

{

Ψ
⁢

(
𝝃
)

:

𝝃
∈
𝒦

,

𝑨
⁢
𝝃

=
y

}

{argmin\{\Psi({\boldsymbol{\xi}}):{\boldsymbol{\xi}}\in{\mathcal{K}},\,{%
\boldsymbol{A}}{\boldsymbol{\xi}}=y\}}

. If λ denotes the Lagrange multipliers of the optimization problem, we study the properties of the parametric surface

𝝀
→

𝝃
⁢

(
𝝀
)

{{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\to{\boldsymbol{\xi}}({\boldsymbol{\lambda}})}

in the geometry on

𝒦

{{\mathcal{K}}}

defined by the Hessian metric derived from

Ψ
⁢

(
𝝃
)

{\Psi({\boldsymbol{\xi}})}

. In particular, we prove that the surface

𝝀
→

𝝃
⁢

(
𝝀
)

{{\boldsymbol{\lambda}}\to{\boldsymbol{\xi}}({\boldsymbol{\lambda}})}

is contained in

ker

(
𝑨
)

⊥

{\ker({\boldsymbol{A}})^{\perp}}

in the Hessian metric derived from Ψ.
Adaptive Bayesian bandwidth based on LPE kernel for asymmetric kernel density
Authors: Makhloufi Sylia , Zougab Nabil , Ziane Yasmina , Adjabi Smail 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we propose to estimate the probability density function for nonnegative support using an LPE kernel with the adaptive Bayesian approach for bandwidth selection. For this, we exploit the conjugality between the LPE kernel and a prior distribution to develop the explicit form of the variable bandwidth parameter. Simulation studies are realized to evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive Bayesian LPE kernel approach, with the classical Plug-In and UCV methods. On the other hand, we have carried out a comparative study between the proposed approach and two other adaptive Bayesian approaches with BSPE and gamma kernels. Moreover, real data sets are presented to illustrate the findings.
Existence of a weak solution to a Markovian BSDE with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Roubi Abdallah , Elouaflin Abouo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We establish the existence of weak solutions for a decoupled system of a forward stochastic differential equation (SDE) and a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). The generator

H
⁢

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

{H(x,y,z)}

is assumed continuous in

(
y
,
z
)

{(y,z)}

but possibly discontinuous in x. The drift of the forward component is merely measurable drift and the diffusion coefficient can be discontinuous. Our approach is based on partial differential equations.
Impact of prior levonorgestrel intrauterine device use at the time of embryo transfer
Authors: Vanderhoff Anna , Lanes Andrea , Ginsburg Elizabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOur objective is to investigate whether infertile women with a history of levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG IUD) use have impaired endometrial growth and pregnancy rates after embryo transfer. This is a retrospective cohort study at a single academic medical center of infertile women aged 18–44 with a history of LNG IUD use undergoing their first embryo transfer cycle between January 2019 and January 2021 compared to controls with a history of no prior birth control use (NONE) or prior oral contraceptive (OCP) use. The primary outcome is endometrial thickness prior to embryo transfer. Secondary outcomes are embryo transfer results, including implantation, miscarriage and live birth. Demographic, baseline and cycle characteristics were similar among the three groups. Women with a history of LNG IUD use had thinner endometrial stripes than women with a history of NONE (LNG IUD: 8.93 mm, NONE: 10.32 mm (aRR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80–0.97)) but not when compared to women with a history of OCP use (OCP: 9.61 mm (aRR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84–1.01)). Women with a history of LNG IUD use had slightly higher implantation rates than those with NONE history (LNG IUD: 43.37%, NONE: 24.17% (relative risk (RR): 1.79, 95% CI: 1.21–2.45)), though not when compared to prior OCP users (OCP: 38.72% (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.86–1.47)). The remainder of the embryo transfer outcomes were similar among the three groups. In conclusion, prior LNG IUD users have a reduced endometrial thickness at the time of embryo transfer but do not have worse pregnancy outcomes.Lay summaryLNG IUDs (brand names include Mirena, Liletta and Skyla) are some of the most widely used forms of birth control. While these devices are safe and are generally not believed to impact fertility, a few recent articles have suggested the possibility of a long-term impact of prior intrauterine device use on the uterine lining in some patients. As such, we sought to examine uterine lining growth and outcomes of assisted reproduction in an infertile patient population with a history of LNG IUD use compared to infertile women without a history of LNG IUD use. Ultimately, we found that women with a history of LNG IUD use had less uterine lining growth during assisted reproduction cycles, but that they did not have worse pregnancy outcomes when compared to women without a history of levonorgestrel device use.