bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Support Moderates Effects of Natural Disaster Exposure on Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: Effects for Displaced and Nondisplaced Residents
Authors: McGuire Adam P. , Gauthier Jami M. , Anderson Lisa M. , Hollingsworth David W. , Tracy Melissa , Galea Sandro , Coffey Scott F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSocial support is a known protective factor against the negative psychological impact of natural disasters. Most past research has examined how the effects of exposure to traumatic events influences whether someone meets diagnostic criteria for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); it has also suggested sequelae of disaster exposure depends on whether survivors are displaced from their homes. To capture the full range of the psychological impact of natural disasters, we examined the buffering effects of social support on depressive symptoms and cluster‐specific PTSD symptoms, with consideration of displacement status. In a survey conducted 18 to 24 months after Hurricane Katrina, 810 adults exposed to the disaster reported the number of Katrina‐related traumatic events experienced, perceived social support 2 months post‐Katrina, and cluster‐specific PTSD and depressive symptoms experienced since Katrina. Analyses assessed the moderating effects of social support and displacement and the conditional effects of displacement status. Social support significantly buffered the negative effect of Katrina‐related traumatic events on depressive symptoms, B = −0.10, p = .001, and avoidance and arousal PTSD symptoms, B = −0.02, p = .035 and B = −0.02, p = .042, respectively. Three‐way interactions were nonsignificant. Conditional effects indicated social support buffered development of depressive symptoms across all residents; however, the moderating effects of support on avoidance and arousal symptoms only appeared significant for nondisplaced residents. Results highlight the protective effects of disaster‐related social support among nondisplaced individuals, and suggest displaced individuals may require more formal supports for PTSD symptom reduction following a natural disaster.
Narratives in the Immediate Aftermath of Traumatic Injury: Markers of Ongoing Depressive and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Booker Jordan A. , Graci Matthew E. , Hudak Lauren A. , Jovanovic Tanja , Rothbaum Barbara O. , Ressler Kerry J. , Fivush Robyn , Stevens Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this study, we considered connections between the content of immediate trauma narratives and longitudinal trajectories of negative symptoms to address questions about the timing and predictive value of collected trauma narratives. Participants (N = 68) were individuals who were admitted to the emergency department of a metropolitan hospital and provided narrative recollections of the traumatic event that brought them into the hospital that day. They were then assessed at intervals over the next 12 months for depressive and posttraumatic symptom severity. Linguistic analysis identified words involving affect (positive and negative emotions), sensory input (sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell), cognitive processing (thoughts, insights, and reasons), and temporal focus (past, present, and future) within the narrative content. In participants’ same‐day narratives of the trauma, past‐focused utterances predicted greater decreases in depressive symptom severity over the next year, d = −0.13, whereas cognitive process utterances predicted more severe posttraumatic symptom severity across time points, d = 0.32. Interaction analyses suggested that individuals who used fewer past‐focused and more cognitive process utterances within their narratives tended to report more severe depressive and posttraumatic symptom severity across time, ds = 0.31 to 0.34. Overall, these findings suggest that, in addition to other demographics and baseline symptom severity, early narrative content can serve as an informative marker for longitudinal psychological symptoms, even before extensive narrative processing and phenomenological meaning‐making have occurred.
Estimation of cyclic behavior of unalloyed, low‐alloy and high‐alloy steels based on relevant monotonic properties using artificial neural networks
Authors: Marohnić T. , Basan R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWithin the framework of this research, a new methodology is proposed for estimation of cyclic Ramberg–Osgood parameters i. e. cyclic stress–strain behavior of steels based on their monotonic properties using artificial neural networks. A large number of experimental data for steels were collected from relevant literature and divided into unalloyed, low‐alloy and high‐alloy steels, since previous research confirmed that statistically significant differences exist among cyclic parameters of these subgroups of steels. Detailed statistical analysis is performed by means of forward selection and monotonic properties relevant for estimation of each cyclic parameter of each subgroup of steels are determined. Based on results of performed statistical analyses, artificial neural networks are developed, separately for each parameter and each steel subgroup, using only monotonic properties that proved to be relevant for estimation of particular parameter. Neural networks are evaluated on an independent set of data, in comparison with experimental values and values obtained by existing empirical estimation methods. The new approach is more successful than empirical methods for estimation of most of cyclic stress–strain parameters and behavior of different steel subgroups.
Trendbericht: Analytische Chemie 2016/2017
Authors: Huber Christian , Pagel Kevin , Hoffmann Waldemar , Heiles Sven , Schäfer Karl Christian , Kompauer Mario , Gerbig Stefanie , Soltwisch Jens 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMiniaturisierung, Steigerung von Geschwindigkeit, Genauigkeit, Leistungsfähigkeit und Auflösung sowie die Verringerung von Nachweisgrenzen charakterisieren die Entwicklungen in der instrumentellen Analytik. Viele Methoden können inzwischen auf Probenvorbereitung verzichten und liefern gleichzeitig detaillierte und ganz neue Informationen über komplexe Proben. Umgekehrt ermöglichen neue Derivatisierungsschritte die Strukturaufklärung komplexer Moleküle. Mehrdimensionalität und Kopplung von Methoden, etwa der Ionenmobilität mit der Massenspektrometrie, bilden einen Trend. Die Einbeziehung von Bildinformation auf Mikroebene ist in der Massenspektrometrie heute ein Merkmal hochleistungsfähiger Bioanalytik.
April, April: Der blaue Zaubertrank allein hilft nicht
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEinige altbekannte Stoffe haben sich im letzten Jahr als Wundermittel erwiesen – für die Schönheitspflege, für die Energiegewinnung und leider auch für Menschen mit krimineller Energie. Weiterhin im Trend: Wasser und Stickstoff .
Dinner im Dunkeln
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDie Tiefen der Ozeane bergen selbst für die moderne Wissenschaft noch viele Geheimnisse, die sie nur in kleinen Schritten enthüllt. Zu den neueren Entdeckungen gehören Zusammenhänge, die für das Verständnis von Stoffkreisläufen wichtig sind, und Mechanismen, die sich für nachhaltige Technologien eignen.
Caring for the person with cancer: Information and support needs and the role of technology
Authors: Heynsbergh Natalie , Botti Mari , Heckel Leila , Livingston Patricia M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveInformal carers experience a variety of information and support needs when providing care to someone with cancer. It is unclear when carers seek information and what resources they access to support themselves throughout the cancer trajectory.MethodsA sample of 45 carers and 15 oncology nurses were recruited to participate in either focus groups or phone interviews.ResultsCarers in the study were more likely to be women (60%), caring for a spouse or partner (64.4%), living with the patient (86.7%), and hold a university degree (46.7%). The majority of oncology nurses were females (66.6%). Findings showed that carers had limited access to adequate information as needs arose. Supports used to address information needs included information booklets, the Internet, and communication with healthcare professionals or with other carers. Barriers in communication between nurses and carers impacted on the adequacy of information received. Participants reported that technology, such as smartphone applications, might be appropriate for improving information and support needs.ConclusionsCaring for someone with cancer is multifaceted. Carers need access to timely information to help them effectively manage patients' needs. Future studies should assess the role of contemporary approaches, such as digital technology, as a solution to the delivery of information and support for carers of people with cancer.
Cost‐utility analysis of meaning‐centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors
Authors: van der Spek Nadia , Jansen Femke , Holtmaat Karen , Vos Joël , Breitbart William , van Uden‐Kraan Cornelia F. , Tollenaar Rob A.E.M. , Cuijpers Pim , Coupé Veerle M.H. , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMeaning‐centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors (MCGP‐CS) improves meaning, psychological well‐being, and mental adjustment to cancer and reduces psychological distress. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to investigate the cost‐utility of MCGP‐CS compared with supportive group psychotherapy (SGP) and care‐as‐usual (CAU).MethodsIn total, 170 patients were randomized to MCGP‐CS, SGP, or CAU. Intervention costs, direct medical and nonmedical costs, productivity losses, and health‐related quality of life were measured until 6 months follow‐up, using the TIC‐P, PRODISQ, data from the hospital information system, and the EQ‐5D. The cost‐utility was calculated by comparing mean cumulative costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).ResultsMean total costs ranged from €4492 (MCGP‐CS) to €5304 (CAU). Mean QALYs ranged .507 (CAU) to .540 (MCGP‐CS). MCGP‐CS had a probability of 74% to be both less costly and more effective than CAU, and 49% compared with SGP. Sensitivity analyses showed these findings are robust. If society is willing to pay €0 for one gained QALY, MCGP‐CS has a 78% probability of being cost‐effective compared with CAU. This increases to 85% and 92% at willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of €10 000 and €30 000, which are commonly accepted thresholds.ConclusionsMCGP‐CS is highly likely a cost‐effective intervention, meaning that there is a positive balance between the costs and gains of MCGP‐CS, in comparison with SGP and CAU.
Resident perceptions of urban stream restoration and water quality in South Korea
Authors: Hong Chang‐Yu , Chang Heejun , Chung Eun‐Sung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research explores if individual preferences for the major functions of stream restoration processes correlate water quality variations in an urban watershed of South Korea. We use a set of results from an analytical hierarchy process model to rank the major stream restoration functions and compare citizens' preferences for “water quality” improvement during stream restoration based on the water quality index (WQI) and ordinary least square regression. This study identifies the correlation between the WQI and individual perceptions regarding stream restoration. Regional context and individual characteristics also influence the demands and awareness of citizens pertaining to stream restoration. Our findings highlight the importance of understanding residents' perceptions and demographic information, including education, marriage status, gender, and residence period in different subwatersheds. The largest change (28.29) in the WQI score of one subwatershed was correlated with the participants' perception of water quality changes and water pollution (analytical hierarchy process index: 66.8%). On the basis of the survey results, we recommend that a human–ecological interdependent and adaptive consultative body is established in each subwatershed to successfully implement stream restoration projects.
Spectrally based bathymetric mapping of a dynamic, sand‐bedded channel: Niobrara River, Nebraska, USA
Authors: Dilbone E. , Legleiter C.J. , Alexander J.S. , McElroy B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMethods for spectrally based mapping of river bathymetry have been developed and tested in clear‐flowing, gravel‐bed channels, with limited application to turbid, sand‐bed rivers. This study used hyperspectral images and field surveys from the dynamic, sandy Niobrara River to evaluate three depth retrieval methods. The first regression‐based approach, optimal band ratio analysis (OBRA), paired in situ depth measurements with image pixel values to estimate depth. The second approach used ground‐based field spectra to calibrate an OBRA relationship. The third technique, image‐to‐depth quantile transformation (IDQT), estimated depth by linking the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of depth to the CDF of an image‐derived variable. OBRA yielded the lowest depth retrieval mean error (0.005 m) and highest observed versus predicted R2 (0.817). Although misalignment between field and image data did not compromise the performance of OBRA in this study, poor georeferencing could limit regression‐based approaches such as OBRA in dynamic, sand‐bedded rivers. Field spectroscopy‐based depth maps exhibited a mean error with a slight shallow bias (0.068 m) but provided reliable estimates for most of the study reach. IDQT had a strong deep bias but provided informative relative depth maps. Overprediction of depth by IDQT highlights the need for an unbiased sampling strategy to define the depth CDF. Although each of the techniques we tested demonstrated potential to provide accurate depth estimates in sand‐bed rivers, each method also was subject to certain constraints and limitations.
Citric‐Acid‐Catalyzed Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Pyrano[2, 3‐e]pyrimidin‐ and Pyrano[2, 3‐d]pyrazol‐amines in Water via One‐Pot Multicomponent Approaches
Authors: Govindaraju Santhosh , Tabassum Sumaiya , Pasha Mohamed Afzal 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn efficient entry into the preparation of elusive, novel pyrano[2, 3‐e]pyrimidin‐amines and pyrano[2, 3‐d]pyrazol‐amines has been accomplished using citric acid as a green catalyst in aqueous medium at 25 °C. The strategy successively tolerates a variety of functional groups and interestingly, it is eco‐compatible, environment‐friendly, propitious and the products are obtained in excellent yields without chromatographic purification. The current methodology unfolds the benefits of citric acid as an effective, expeditious, economical, green catalyst and thus adheres to the principles of green chemistry. Ecstatically, the reaction was scaled to the gram level ascertaining the wide applicability of the protocol in academia and industry. The green metrics (E‐factor: 0.0497, Mass intensity: 1.1022, PMI: 1.0497 and Emw: 0.0497) for the reaction was also envisaged and the pathway was found to acquaint excellent green chemistry metrics.
Photo‐Driven Chirality Switching in a Dark Conglomerate Phase of an Achiral Liquid Crystal Trimer
Authors: Sasaki Haruna , Takanishi Yoichi , Yamamoto Jun , Yoshizawa Atsushi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChiral conglomerate phases possessing a saddle‐splay curvature have attracted much attention from researchers. A rigid bent shape is recognized to be necessary for their formations, as the tilted orientation of the bent‐core molecules in the layers drives the layers to twist, producing the saddle‐splay curvature. We prepared an achiral liquid crystal trimer, 2‐{4‐[9‐(4‐(4‐octyloxyazobenzene‐4’‐yloxy)nonyloxy)phenyl]‐5‐{9‐[4‐(5‐octyloxypyrimidin‐2‐yl)phenyloxy]nonyloxy}pyrimidine, and investigated the thermal transitions and the photo‐induced isothermal transitions. The trimer exhibited nematic and dark chiral conglomerate (DC) phases. When the trimer was exposed to UV light with wavelength 365 nm in the soft crystalline DC phase, it changed to an achiral liquid crystalline phase consisting of short correlation length layer structures. The photo‐induced phase did not appear in the thermal phase sequence. In light of this, we discuss how this photo‐driven on/off switching of the chirality occurs. Furthermore, we show that it can be applied to control the nanostructure of the DC phase.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: April 2018

We begin our April issue with a paper describing the developments and effects of storm ‘Katie’, which brought significant effects to the United Kingdom on Easter Monday, 2015. In ‘Storm Katie – Rapid cyclogenesis and damaging winds of Easter Monday 2016’ on p. 103, Steven Ramsdale and Jason Kelly describe the meteorological developments that developed this low‐pressure system, the uncertainties associated with its development, the warnings issued and the damage caused, in part limited by its presence on a Bank Holiday.On p. 109, Colin Clark describes a flood 112 years ago in ‘The storm and flood of 13 May 1906 at Mells, Somerset, UK’ Dr Clark discusses the significance of the flood and its possible return period using synoptic charts of the time and descriptions published in local newspapers immediately following the event, emphasising our need to know more about floods in history.One of the least explored parts of the Middle East is the Empty Quarter. In the 1940s and 50s, the English explorer and writer Wilfred Thesiger crossed this area of extreme aridity. His discoveries and travels are described by Michael de Villiers in ‘Thesiger's weather in the Arabian Peninsula’ on p. 120.On p. 123, we present Iain Cameron and Adam Watson's annual review of the survival of snow on Scottish mountains. The overall warmth of last year is reflected in this year's title: ‘No Scottish snow patches survive until winter 2017/2018’.Weather and climate have a significant effect on human life and this journal often describes significant weather events, especially those that have affected Britain. But the local variability of weather may arguably present a more significant effect – not least, in the Developing World. Many factors affect school attendance, but weather and climate, including drought, rainstorms and dust pose important challenges, sometimes because of the secondary effects. Joseph Adejuwon discusses these effects in the Sahel zone in ‘Climate variability and the dichotomy in male–female school attendance: a case study of Zamfara State in semi‐arid Nigeria’ on p. 125.
Contrasting three alternative versions of Timoshenko‐Ehrenfest theory for beam on Winkler elastic foundation – simply supported beam
Authors: Elishakoff Isaac , Tonzani Giulio Maria , Zaza Nicolò , Marzani Alessandro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper the free vibration frequencies of beam on one‐parameter (Winkler) elastic foundation are analyzed via original Timoshenko‐Ehrenfest theory as well as two truncated versions of the Timoshenko‐Ehrenfest beam theory. The traditional version of Timoshenko‐Ehrenfest beam theory is contrasted with the truncated version that lacks the fourth‐order time derivative, as well as with the recently developed version that incorporates slope inertia effect. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are indicated in the context of free vibrations of the beam on Winkler foundation. In addition an intriguing intermingling phenomenon is discussed in detail, and its implications on three theories.
Examining E-Cigarette Purchases and Cessation in a Consumer Panel of Smokers
Authors: Cahn Zachary , Haardörfer Regine , Lewis Michael , Wang Yanwen , Berg Carla J. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Examine correlates of initiation of e-cigarette use among smokers and determine the impact of e-cigarette use on cessation among smokers in a national U.S. consumer panel.Methods: This study used the Nielsen Homescan Panel data from 2011 to 2013, augmented with state-specific measures of tobacco control activities, to examine (1) correlates of single and repeat e-cigarette purchasing among panellists currently purchasing cigarettes; and (2) correlates of ‘cessation’. Participating panellists scanned all retail purchases, and Nielsen recorded over 3 million product types. The key explanatory variable for cessation was e-cigarette purchase. Parallel analysis was conducted for conventional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) purchase. Cessation was defined as no purchases for at least 6 months and no subsequent purchases until the end of 2013. Analysis was conducted in 2015. E-cigarettes tracked by Nielsen during this period were cig-a-like products resembling tobacco cigarettes in appearance.Results: Single e-cigarette purchase was associated with whether the panellist resided in a single person male household and bought a higher volume of cigarettes. Repeat purchase was associated with higher state cigarette taxes, less stringent state public smoke-free policies, lower cigarette prices, and more frequent cigarette purchasing. Cessation was associated with repeat e-cigarette purchasing, repeat NRT purchasing, younger age, lower monthly cigarette volume, less frequent purchasing of cigarettes, less recent cigarette purchase at baseline, and single e-cigarette purchase before baseline.Conclusions: Both individual and policy variables were associated with e-cigarette use. Repeat e-cigarette purchase was associated with cigarette purchase discontinuation, as were various smoking intensity measures.
Meloidogyne daklakensisn. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a new root-knot nematode associated with Robusta coffee (Coffea canephoraPierre ex A. Froehner) in the Western Highlands, Vietnam
Authors: Trinh Q.P. , Le T.M.L. , Nguyen T.D. , Nguyen H.T. , Liebanas G. , Nguyen T.A.D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe root-knot nematode speciesMeloidogyne daklakensisn. sp. was discovered on the roots of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephoraPierre ex A. Froehner) in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam. This species is characterized by the females having rounded or oval perineal patterns, smooth, regular, continuous striae, and reduced lateral lines. The dorsal arch is low, rounded and encloses a quite distinct vulva and tail tip. The stylet is normally straight with well-developed and posteriorly sloped knobs. The males have a rounded cap that extends posteriorly into the lip region. The procorpus is outlined distinctly, and is three times longer than the metacorpus. The metacorpus is ovoid, with a strong valve apparatus. The species closely resemblesM. marylandi,M. naasi, M. ovalis, M. panyuensis, M. lopezi, M. maliandM. baeticain the perineal pattern of the females, and the morphology of the males and the second-stage juveniles. Nonetheless, it can be differentiated from other species by a combination of morphometric, morphological and molecular characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA as well as the region between the cytochromecoxidase I (COI) and cytochromecoxidase II (COII) mitochondrial genes. Herein, this nematode is described, illustrated, and designated as a new species,Meloidogyne daklakensissp. n., based on morphometric, morphological and molecular analyses.