bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could a robot feel pain?
Authors: Sharkey Amanda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuestions about robots feeling pain are important because the experience of pain implies sentience and the ability to suffer. Pain is not the same as nociception, a reflex response to an aversive stimulus. The experience of pain in others has to be inferred. Danaher’s (Sci Eng Ethics 26(4):2023–2049, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00119-x) ‘ethical behaviourist’ account claims that if a robot behaves in the same way as an animal that is recognised to have moral status, then its moral status should also be assumed. Similarly, under a precautionary approach (Sebo in Harvard Rev Philos 25:51–70, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5840/harvardreview20185913), entities from foetuses to plants and robots are given the benefit of the doubt and assumed to be sentient. However, there is a growing consensus about the scientific criteria used to indicate pain and the ability to suffer in animals (Birch in Anim Sentience, 2017. https://doi.org/10.51291/2377-7478.1200; Sneddon et al. in Anim Behav 97:201–212, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.09.007). These include the presence of a central nervous system, changed behaviour in response to pain, and the effects of analgesic pain relief. Few of these criteria are met by robots, and there are risks to assuming that they are sentient and capable of suffering pain. Since robots lack nervous systems and living bodies there is little reason to believe that future robots capable of feeling pain could (or should) be developed.
Microwave-induced enhancements in the structural, optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties of Er2O3/MgO nanocomposites
Authors: Jayasrinivasan A. V. , Harikrishnan R. , Bharathiraja N. , Mani M. , Baskaran I. , Kaviyarasu K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractErbium-trioxide (Er2O3) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanocomposite were effectively synthesized in the form of crystalline powder using a microwave irradiation approach. Various techniques were employed for identifying crystalline structure, FTIR fingerprint region, fluorescence emission behaviors, and surface morphology, dielectric, and magnetic properties using PXRD, FTIR spectroscopy technique, fluorescence spectroscopic technique, SEM analysis, frequency vs. dielectric constant, and MH curve analysis, respectively. Confirmation of the metal-oxygen bond such as Er2O3, and MgO was established through the analysis of stretching frequencies in the FTIR spectrum. The PXRD results using Rietveld refinement confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized nanoparticles, consisting of Er2O3, and MgO with unit cell compositions ~ 94.12 and ~ 5.88%, respectively. SEM imaging provided insights into the morphology of the particles, revealing a spherical shape with noticeable agglomeration. The elemental compositions such as Erbium (Er) and Oxygen (O), were validated by the EDS spectrum, confirming the successful achievement of Er2O3, and MgO nanoparticle in the synthesized composite. In addition, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) graph illustrated the paramagnetic behavior of the doped Er2O3/MgO composite at room temperature. The thorough examination of the synthesized Er-MgO NPs, covering structural, morphological, and magnetic characteristics, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of their properties.
Prospective randomized evaluation of transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring during complex electrophysiological procedures under deep sedation: the TRACES trial
Authors: Teumer Yannick , Buss Alexandra , Diofano Federica , Aktolga Deniz , Katov Lyuboslav , Bothner Carlo , Dahme Tillman , Öchsner Wolfgang , Mayer Benjamin , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Weinmann-Emhardt Karolina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The field of interventional electrophysiology is rapidly growing. For safe and efficient procedures sedation is needed for patient comfort and immobility. However, sedative and analgesic agents can induce respiratory depression, risking hypercapnia, hypoxia, and hypotension. This study evaluates the impact of adding transcutaneous carbon-dioxide (CO2) monitoring to standard monitoring practices in electrophysiological procedures under deep sedation.

Methods
This prospective, randomized study at Ulm University Heart Center included 726 patients undergoing treatment under deep sedation between August 2019 and October 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to standard monitoring or standard monitoring with continuous transcutaneous CO2 monitoring (TCM-group). Standard monitoring involved non-invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and frequent peripheral venous blood gas analysis. The primary composite endpoint was SpO2 dips below 90% and pathological changes in venous blood gas analysis.

Results
The TCM-group included 357 patients, and the standard group had 348. The primary composite endpoint was reached by 195 patients (54.8%) in the TCM-group and 195 patients (56.5%) in the standard group (p = 0.642). However, peripheral venous CO2 partial pressure increased by more than 30% from baseline more often in the standard group than in the TCM-group (p = 0.005). Additionally, a venous pH below 7.25 was more common in the standard group (p = 0.047).

Conclusion
While transcutaneous CO2 monitoring offers no significant benefit for the primary combined endpoint over standard monitoring during electrophysiological procedures, it helps mitigate significant CO2 elevations and respiratory acidosis.
Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04038476, 29 July 2019.

Graphical abstract
Interaction of cellulose and water upon drying and swelling by 13C CP/MAS NMR
Authors: Leskinen Matti , Kilpeläinen Ilkka , Hietala Sami 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAssociated water plays a significant role in the morphology of cellulose and the molecular interactions between polymer chains. It also affects the material properties and influences the interpretation of analysis results. In the present study the interaction of cellulose and water in well-defined cellulose samples, hydrogel beads prepared by regeneration of microcrystalline cellulose from organic electrolyte solution, are investigated by solid state 13C CP/MAS NMR. Drying of the hydrogel beads under ambient conditions gave condensed cellulose xerogel beads, which could be partly reswollen in water. The analysis of beads of different moisture content and under repeated drying and swelling afforded a better understanding of the hierarchical organization and crystallinity of cellulose II, which is broadly divisible into crystalline and surface residues in CP/MAS, and the nature of cellulose hornification. The changes in the 13C CP/MAS spectra of water- and D2O-swollen beads also provide new information on the role of immobilized bound water in intermolecular polarization transfer from water to cellulose during the cross-polarization pulse sequence, and evidence of the cellulose II reducing-end-group, which is more prominently observable in CP/MAS under dry conditions.
Graphical abstract
Height-function-based 4D reference metrics for hyperboloidal evolution
Authors: Vañó-Viñuales Alex , Valente Tiago 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHyperboloidal slices are spacelike slices that reach future null infinity. Their asymptotic behaviour is different from Cauchy slices, which are traditionally used in numerical relativity simulations. This work uses free evolution of the formally-singular conformally compactified Einstein equations in spherical symmetry. One way to construct gauge conditions suitable for this approach relies on building the gauge source functions from a time-independent background spacetime metric. This background reference metric is set using the height function approach to provide the correct asymptotics of hyperboloidal slices of Minkowski spacetime. The present objective is to study the effect of different choices of height function on hyperboloidal evolutions via the reference metrics used in the gauge conditions. A total of 10 reference metrics for Minkowski are explored, identifying some of their desired features. They include 3 hyperboloidal layer constructions, evolved with the non-linear Einstein equations for the first time. Focus is put on long-term numerical stability of the evolutions, including small initial gauge perturbations. The results will be relevant for future (puncture-type) hyperboloidal evolutions, 3D simulations and the development of coinciding Cauchy and hyperboloidal data, among other applications.
Reflecting on believability: on the epistemic approach to justifying implicit commitments
Authors: Głowacki Maciej , Łełyk Mateusz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBy definition, the implicit commitment of a formal theory $$\textrm{Th}$$
Th
consists of sentences that are independent of the axioms of $$\textrm{Th}$$
Th
, but their acceptance is implicit in the acceptance of $$\textrm{Th}$$
Th
. In Cieśliński (2017, 2018), the phenomenon of implicit commitments was studied from the epistemological perspective through the lenses of the formal theory of believability. The current paper provides a comprehensive proof-theoretic analysis of this approach and compares it to other main theories of implicit commitments. We argue that the formal results presented in the paper favour the believability theory over its main competitors. However, there is still a fly in the ointment. We argue that in its current formulation, the theory cannot deliver all the goods for which it was defined. In particular, being amenable to a generalised conservativeness argument, it does not support the view that the notion of truth is epistemically light. At the end of the paper, we discuss possible ways out of the problem.
Agreement of PROMIS Preference (PROPr) scores generated from the PROMIS-29 + 2 and the PROMIS-16
Authors: Hanmer Janel , Zeng Chengbo , Cizik Amy M. , Raad Jason H. , Tsevat Joel , Rodriguez Anthony , Hays Ron D. , Edelen Maria Orlando 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Preference-based summary scores are used to quantify values, differences, and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that can be used for cost-effectiveness analyses. The PROMIS-Preference (PROPr) measure is a preference-based summary score comprised of 7 PROMIS domains. The PROMIS-16 is a new PROMIS profile instrument. We evaluated the measurement properties of PROPr generated from the widely used PROMIS-29 + 2 compared with the PROMIS-16.

Methods
We performed a secondary analysis of data from an online survey of the general US population, with a longitudinal subsample who reported back pain. The survey included both the PROMIS-16 and the PROMIS-29 + 2 profiles. PROPr scores were calculated from each profile and compared by the distribution of scores, overall mean scores, product-moment correlations with pain measure scores (Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Pain Intensity, Interference with Enjoyment of Life, Interference with General Activity Scale, and Graded Chronic Pain Scale), and difference in mean scores in subgroups with 13 chronic health conditions (Cohen’s d).

Results
Of the 4,115 participants in the baseline survey, 1,533 with any reported back pain were invited for the 6-month follow-up survey and 1,256 completed it. At baseline, the overall mean (SD) PROPr score was 0.532 (0.240) from PROMIS-16 and 0.535 (0.250) from PROMIS 29 + 2. At both time points, the correlations of PROPr scores with physical and mental health summary scores from the PROMIS-29 and 4 pain scales were within 0.01 between profiles. Using subgroups with chronic health conditions and comparing between profiles, Cohen’s d estimates of the difference in effect size were small (< 0.2).

Conclusion
PROPr scores from the 16-item PROMIS profile measure are similar to PROPr scores from the longer PROMIS-29 + 2.
Embracing Representational Plurality to Bypass Misconceptions in Science Education
Authors: Paillusson Fabien , Booth Matthew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor the past five decades, the majority of science education has adhered to a pedagogical philosophy which contends that issues in the acquisition and expression of target scientific narratives by learners stem from the existence of “incorrect beliefs” called misconceptions. According to this philosophy, misconceptions must be identified, possibly as early as in childhood, and eradicated with specific interventions to allow the proper scientific knowledge to be acquired. Despite much effort cataloging misconceptions and their associated interventions in different disciplines and sub-branches of these disciplines, misconceptions get still regularly diagnosed in a wide academic population ranging from school pupils to teachers in training, and even experts. In addition to this potential lack of efficacy, the present article puts forward three lines of argument making the case against the adoption of a science pedagogy based on a belief-change strategy in learners. The suggested lines of argument rely on ethical, epistemic, and professional considerations. It is then argued that adopting a pedagogical philosophy based on representational pluralism, in opposition to holding a single “true” scientific story, can both address the three points of concern aforementioned, but also allow learners to bypass misconceptions when making judgements based on their scientific knowledge. Possible applications in physics education are presented.
Energy-efficient time and cost constraint scheduling algorithm using improved multi-objective differential evolution in fog computing
Authors: Ijaz Samia , Ahmad Saima Gulzar , Ayyub Kashif , Munir Ehsan Ullah , Ramzan Naeem 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe recent surge in Internet of Things (IoT) applications and smart devices has led to a substantial rise in the data generation. One of the major issues involved is to meet strict quality of service (QoS) requirements for computing these applications in terms of execution time, cost and in an energy-efficient manner. To extract useful information, fast processing and analysis of data is needed. Consequently, moving all the data to centralized cloud data centers would lead to high processing times, increased cost and energy consumption and more bandwidth usage; thus, processing of applications with strict latency requirements becomes challenging. The addition of fog layer between cloud and IoT devices has provided promising solutions to such issues. However, efficient employment of computing resources in the hybrid infrastructure of fog and cloud nodes is of great significance and demands an optimal scheduling strategy. Toward this direction, a novel Pareto-based algorithm in fog computing, namely energy-efficient time and cost (ETC) constraint scheduling algorithm, is introduced in this paper for scheduling workflow applications. ETC attempts to optimize monetary cost along with time and energy objectives. Improved multi-objective differential evolution (I-MODE) meta-heuristic is introduced and incorporated with deadline-aware stepwise frequency scaling approach that is based on our previously proposed energy makespan multi-objective optimization (EM-MOO) algorithm. Synthetic and real-world application workflows are used to conduct evaluation of the proposed work with existing well-known algorithms from the literature. The experimental results for synthetic workflows reveal that the proposed algorithm lessens energy utilization by 14–21%, execution time by almost 25% and cost consumption by 22–27%, while for real-world application workflows, energy consumption is reduced by 12–24%, execution time by 14–16% and cost consumption by 23–29%.
Energy-Aware Register Allocation for VLIW Processors
Authors: Stuckmann Fabian , Weißbrich Moritz , Payá-Vayá Guillermo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The efficiency of VLIW processors can be improved by reducing the energy consumption associated with accessing the register-file. This paper presents an energy-aware register allocation approach to reduce the dynamic energy consumption of a scheduled program by using an evolutionary algorithm approach and a register access transition energy model. Additionally, the influence of instruction scheduling on energy-aware register allocation is analyzed. By using the proposed energy-aware compiler backend on synthetic applications with random data in the register-file, the dynamic energy consumption of the total processor core for an exemplary VLIW processor can be reduced by up to

$$\varvec{21\%}$$

21
%

compared to a heuristic register allocation. In real-world applications from the domain of hearing aids, energy consumption can be reduced by up to

$$\varvec{42.7\%}$$

42.7
%

for single applications, and

$$\varvec{17.6\%}$$

17.6
%

average across a range of applications.
Identification of novel hypertension biomarkers using explainable AI and metabolomics
Authors: Sekaran Karthik , Zayed Hatem 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The global incidence of hypertension, a condition of elevated blood pressure, is rising alarmingly. According to the World Health Organization’s Qatar Hypertension Profile for 2023, around 33% of adults are affected by hypertension. This is a significant public health concern that can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Metabolic dysfunction is a primary cause of hypertension. By studying key biomarkers, we can discover new treatments to improve the lives of those with high blood pressure.

Aims
This study aims to use explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to interpret novel metabolite biosignatures linked to hypertension in Qatari Population.

Methods
The study utilized liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method to profile metabolites from biosamples of Qatari nationals diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension (n = 224) and controls (n = 554). Metabolon platform was used for the annotation of raw metabolite data generated during the process. A comprehensive series of analytical procedures, including data trimming, imputation, undersampling, feature selection, and biomarker discovery through explainable AI (XAI) models, were meticulously executed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.

Results
Elevated Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) levels are markedly associated with stage 1 hypertension compared to controls. Glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), N-Stearoylsphingosine (d18:1/18:0)*, and glycine are critical metabolites for accurate hypertension prediction. The light gradient boosting model yielded superior results, underscoring the potential of our research in enhancing hypertension diagnosis and treatment. The model’s classification metrics: accuracy (78.13%), precision (78.13%), recall (78.13%), F1-score (78.13%), and AUROC (83.88%) affirm its efficacy. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) further elucidate the metabolite markers, providing a deeper understanding of the disease’s pathology.

Conclusion
This study identified novel metabolite biomarkers for precise hypertension diagnosis using XAI, enhancing early detection and intervention in the Qatari population.
Physical activity and DNA methylation–based markers of ageing in 6208 middle-aged and older Australians: cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Zheng Haoxin Tina , Li Danmeng Lily , Lou Makayla W. C. , Hodge Allison M. , Southey Melissa C. , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. , Lynch Brigid M. , Dugué Pierre-Antoine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpigenetic age quantifies biological age using DNA methylation information and is a potential pathway by which physical activity benefits general health. We aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity and epigenetic age in middle-aged and older Australians. Blood DNA methylation data for 6208 participants (40% female) in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) were available at baseline (1990–1994, mean age, 59 years) and, of those, for 1009 at follow-up (2003–2007, mean age, 69 years). Physical activity measurements (weighted scores at baseline and follow-up and total MET hours per week at follow-up) were calculated from self-reported questionnaire data. Five blood methylation–based markers of ageing (PCGrimAge, PCPhenoAge, bAge, DNAmFitAge, and DunedinPACE) and four fitness-related markers (DNAmGaitspeed, DNAmGripmax, DNAmVO2max, and DNAmFEV1) were calculated and adjusted for age. Linear regression was used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between physical activity and epigenetic age. Effect modification by age, sex, and BMI was assessed. At baseline, a standard deviation (SD) increment in physical activity was associated with 0.03-SD (DNAmFitAge, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.06, P = 0.02) to 0.07-SD (bAge, 95%CI = 0.04, 0.09, P = 2 × 10−8) lower epigenetic age. These associations were attenuated after adjustment for other lifestyle variables. Only weak evidence was found for the longitudinal association (N = 1009) of changes in physical activity and epigenetic age (e.g. DNAmFitAge: adjusted β =  − 0.04, 95%CI =  − 0.08, 0.01). The associations were not modified by age, sex, or BMI. In middle-aged and older Australians, higher levels of self-reported physical activity were associated with slightly lower epigenetic age.
Zum Personalrekrutierungserfolg von Kita-Trägern: Der Einfluss von kollektiven Anreizen und Trägermerkmalen auf die Dauer der Stellennachbesetzung
Authors: Birkel-Barmsen Janine 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIm dynamisch expandierenden Feld der frühkindlichen Bildung, Betreuung und Erziehung stellt der Fachkräftemangel eine gravierende Herausforderung dar. Angesichts der sich zuspitzenden Lage wird es für Träger von Kindertageseinrichtungen zunehmend wichtiger, sich als attraktive Arbeitgeber zu positionieren. Die vorliegende Analyse basiert auf der Anreiz-Beitrags-Theorie und untersucht das Zusammenspiel von kollektiven Anreizen, Trägermerkmalen und dem Rekrutierungserfolg. Kollektive Anreize werden dabei als Maßnahmen und Angebote verstanden, die allen Fachkräften durch den Träger gleichermaßen geboten werden. Die Auswertung erfolgte sekundäranalytisch unter Anwendung deskriptiver sowie multivariater Verfahren auf Basis der bundesweiten TrEiKo-Trägerbefragung. Die empirischen Befunde zeigen, dass der Rekrutierungserfolg mit der Art, Größe und dem Gründungsjahr des Trägers korreliert; gleiches gilt für umfangreiche kollektive Anreize, wobei die Dimensionen „nicht-monetäre Wertschätzung“ und „Selbstverwirklichung: Work-Life-Balance“ als signifikant positive Prädiktoren für den Rekrutierungserfolg hervorgehen.
On algebraic properties of power monoids of numerical monoids
Authors: Bienvenu Pierre-Yves , Geroldinger Alfred 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let S ⊂ ℕ0 be a numerical monoid and let

$$\cal{P}_{\text{fin}}(S)$$

P

fin

(
S
)

, resp.

$$\cal{P}_{\text{fin},0}(S)$$

P

fin
,
0

(
S
)

, denote the power monoid, resp. the restricted power monoid, of S, that is the set of all finite nonempty subsets of S, resp. the set of all finite nonempty subsets of S containing 0, with set addition as operation. The arithmetic of power monoids received some attention in recent literature. We complement these investigations by studying algebraic properties of power monoids, such as their prime spectrum. Moreover, we show that almost all elements of

$$\cal{P}_{\text{fin},0}(S)$$

P

fin
,
0

(
S
)

are irreducible (i.e., they are not proper sumsets).