bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host species determines egg size in Oriental cuckoo
Authors: Meshcheryagina S. G. , Mashanova A. , Bachurin G. N. , Mitiay I. S. , Golovatin M. G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Oriental cuckooCuculus optatusis an obligate brood parasite associated with species of the genusPhylloscopus. Four distinct phenotypes of Oriental cuckoo eggs, matching eggshell colour patterns of Arctic warblerPhylloscopus borealis, common chiffchaff (Siberian)P. collybita tristis, yellow‐browed warblerP. inornatusand Pallas's leaf warblerP. proregulus, have been identified in the Russian part of its breeding area. We compared egg length, breadth and volume of Oriental cuckoo egg phenotypes with eggs of the corresponding hosts from three geographical regions in Russia: the Urals, Siberia and the Far East. We found significant oometric differences between Oriental cuckoo egg phenotypes. Egg breadth of each cuckoo group matched the egg breadth of the host species, while the length of cuckoo eggs did not match egg length in host species. Our results can be explained in terms of clutch geometry. An egg sticking out above the clutch is likely to be rejected by the host and so breadth should match the host's egg. This constrains cuckoos in maintaining large egg volumes, which are essential for providing a cuckoo chick with the energy required to eject the host eggs and chicks. An increased egg length might compensate for breadth constraints. We suggest that the size of cuckoo eggs might also be affected by parental care – when only one parent is involved in feeding, eggs need to be larger. This might explain why the longest cuckoo eggs belonged to the phenotype parasitizing the smallest host, Pallas's leaf warbler, where only one parent feeds the chicks. In our view, differences in egg sizes of Oriental cuckoo phenotypes provide evidence of their adaptations to brood parasitism on small leaf warbler species.
Influence of isotope fractionation on the nitrogen isotope composition of the brown macroalga Undaria pinnatifida
Authors: Endo Hikaru , Fukuda Hideki , Takahashi Daisuke , Okumura Yutaka , Inomata Eri , Ito Kinuko , Yoshimizu Chikage , Tayasu Ichiro , Nagata Toshi 
Published: July 2018

SUMMARYAlthough the stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N value) of macroalgae is used to indicate sources of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in coastal marine environments, little is known about the effects of isotope fractionation on the δ15N value. We compared the δ15N values of Undaria pinnatifida cultivated at an inner bay and an exposed site (sites A and B, respectively) in Shizugawa Bay on the northeastern Pacific coast of Japan. Values for algal growth indicators, including thallus length, area, and weight, were higher at site B than at site A. The δ15N value of U. pinnatifida was significantly lower at site B (4.7 ± 1.0‰; mean ± standard deviation) than at site A (6.7 ± 0.4‰). This difference in the δ15N value of U. pinnatifida could not be explained by the δ15N value of seawater NO3 (source isotopic signature), which was similar at the two sites (7.5 ± 0.3‰). The pooled data from the two sites indicated that the δ15N value of U. pinnatifida decreased with increasing thallus size. The results suggest that the δ15N value of U. pinnatifida is influenced by isotope fractionation.
Adverse effect of long work hours on incident diabetes in 7065 Ontario workers followed for 12 years
Authors: Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Ma Huiting , Glazier Rick , Brisson Chantal , Mustard Cameron , Smith Peter M 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAccording to the International Diabetes Federation, the most important challenge for prevention is now to identify social and environmental modifiable risk factors of diabetes. In this regard, long work hours have recently been linked with diabetes, but more high-quality prospective studies are needed. We evaluated the relationship between long work hours and the incidence of diabetes among 7065 workers over a 12-year period in Ontario, Canada.Research design and methodsData from Ontario respondents (35–74 years of age) to the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey were prospectively linked to the Ontario Health Insurance Plan database for physician services and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database for hospital admissions. Our sample consisted of actively employed participants with no previous diagnoses of diabetes. Cox proportional hazard regression models were then performed to evaluate the relationship between long work hours (≥45 hours per week) and the incidence of diabetes.ResultsLong work hours did not increase the risk of developing diabetes among men. However, among women, those usually working 45 hours or more per week had a significantly higher risk of diabetes than women working between 35 and 40 hours per week (HR: 1.63 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.57)). The effect was slightly attenuated when adjusted for the potentially mediating factors which are smoking, leisure time physical activity, alcohol consumption and body mass index.ConclusionWorking 45 hours or more per week was associated with an increased incidence of diabetes among women, but not men. Identifying modifiable risk factors such as long work hours is of major importance to improve prevention strategies and orient policy making.
Adaptive Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapy by Calcium Signaling in NSCLC Cells
Authors: Mulder Celine , Prust Nadine , van Doorn Sander , Reinecke Maria , Kuster Bernhard , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul , Lemeer Simone 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Targeted therapies against oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) show promising results in the clinic. Unfortunately, despite the initial positive response, most patients develop therapeutic resistance. Most research has focused on acquired resistance occurring after an extensive time of treatment; however, the question remains as to how cells can survive an initial treatment, as early resistance to apoptosis will enable cells to develop any growth-stimulating mechanism. Here, the non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cell line was used to systematically profile, by mass spectrometry, changes in the proteome, kinome, and phosphoproteome during early treatment with the EGFR inhibitor afatinib. Regardless of the response, initial drug-sensitive cells rapidly adapt to targeted therapy, and within days, cells regained the capacity to proliferate, despite persisting target inhibition. These data reveal a rapid reactivation of mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways after initial inhibition and an increase in abundance and activity of cytoskeleton and calcium signaling–related proteins. Pharmacologic inhibition of reactivated pathways resulted in increased afatinib efficacy. However more strikingly, cells that were restricted from accessing extracellular calcium were extremely sensitive to afatinib treatment. These findings were validated using three additional inhibitors tested in four different NSCLC cell lines, and the data clearly indicated a role for Ca2+ signaling during the development of adaptive resistance. From a therapeutic point of view, the increased inhibitor efficacy could limit or even prevent further resistance development.
Implications: Combined targeting of calcium signaling and RTKs may limit drug resistance and improve treatment efficacy. Mol Cancer Res; 16(11); 1773–84. ©2018 AACR.
The Diagnostic Work-Up of Hypereosinophilia
Authors: Wang Sa A. 
Published: June 2018

Hypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as a persistent elevated eosinophil count of ≥1.5 × 10<sup>9</sup>/L. HE can be one of the dominant manifestations of a hematopoietic myeloid neoplasm or secondary/reactive to an underlying medical condition. If a cause of HE and its associated tissue/organ damage is not determined, the condition is considered to be idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). The work-up of HE can be challenging due to a broad range of causes of HE that can be either reactive or neoplastic. In recent years, with the advent of molecular genetic testing and the introduction of targeted therapy in the management of these patients, there is a growing interest in better characterization of these diseases. Using a multimodality approach and following a proper ­algorithm, a diagnosis can be made in a large proportion of patients. In idiopathic HES, myeloid neoplasm associated ­somatic mutations as evidence of clonality are reported in ­20–25% patients; however, the mutation data should be ­interpreted cautiously considering the prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Bone marrow morphology has been shown to have important value in the identification of a true myeloid neoplasm in these disorders. A genome-wide study may be needed to understand the “idiopathic” cases that would ultimately lead to better patient care.
Interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections: summary and update of a systematic review
Authors: McDonagh Marian S. , Peterson Kim , Winthrop Kevin , Cantor Amy , Lazur Brittany H. , Buckley David I. 
Published: July 2018

Objective Antibiotic overuse contributes to antibiotic resistance and adverse consequences. Acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing in primary care, but such infections often do not require antibiotics. We summarized and updated a previously performed systematic review of interventions to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics for acute RTIs. Methods To update the review, we searched MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Library (until January 2018), and reference lists. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the study data, and assessed the quality and strength of evidence. Results Twenty-six interventions were evaluated in 95 mostly fair-quality studies. The following four interventions had moderate-strength evidence of improved/reduced antibiotic prescribing and low-strength evidence of no adverse consequences: parent education (21% reduction, no increase return visits), combined patient/clinician education (7% reduction, no change in complications/satisfaction), procalcitonin testing for adults with RTIs of the lower respiratory tract (12%–72% reduction, no increased adverse consequences), and electronic decision support systems (24%–47% improvement in appropriate prescribing, 5%–9% reduction, no increased complications). Conclusions The best evidence supports use of specific educational interventions, procalcitonin testing in adults, and electronic decision support to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing for acute RTIs without causing adverse consequences.
Eye-Tracking Study to Enhance Usability of Molecular Diagnostics Reports in Cancer Precision Medicine
Authors: Sharma Vishakha , Fong Allan , Beckman Robert A. , Rao Shruti , Boca Simina M. , McGarvey Peter B. , Ratwani Raj M. , Madhavan Subha 
Published: June 2018

Purpose We conducted usability studies on commercially available molecular diagnostic (MDX) test reports to identify strengths and weaknesses in content and form that drive clinical decision making. Given routine genomic testing in cancer medicine, oncologists must interpret MDX reports as well as evidence concerning clinical utility of biomarkers accurately for treatment or trial selection. This work aims to evaluate effectiveness of MDX reports in facilitating cancer treatment planning. Methods Fourteen clinicians at an academic tertiary care medical facility, with a wide range of experience in oncology and in the use of molecular testing, participated in this study. Three commercially available, widely used, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)–certified, College of American Pathologists (CAP)–accredited test reports (labeled Laboratories A, B, and C) were used. Eye tracking, surveys, and think-aloud protocols were used to collect usability data for these MDX reports focusing on ease of comprehension and actionability Results Clinicians found two primary areas in molecular diagnostic reports most useful for patient care: therapy options with benefit or lack of benefit to patients, including enrolling clinical trials; and pathogenic tumor molecular anomalies detected. Therapeutic implications and therapy classes such as US Food and Drug Administration–approved off-label, on-label, clinical trials were critical for decision making. However, all reports had usability and comprehension issues in these areas and could be improved. Conclusion Focused usability studies can help drive our understanding of the clinical workflow for use of molecular diagnostic tests in cancer care. This in turn can have major effects on quality of care, outcomes, costs, and patient satisfaction. This study demonstrates the use of specific usability techniques (eye tracking and think-aloud protocols) to help clinical laboratories improve MDX report design in a precision oncology treatment setting.
Lower Spine Volumetric Bone Density in Patients With a History of Epidural Steroid Injections
Authors: Liu Yi , Carrino John A , Dash Alexander S , Chukir Tariq , Do Huong , Bockman Richard S , Hughes Alexander P , Press Joel M , Stein Emily M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are a common, effective treatment of lumbar radiculopathy and sciatica. Although the negative skeletal effects of oral glucocorticoids are well established, little is known about the impact of ESI on bone quality.

Objective
To investigate the relationship between ESI exposure and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the lumbar spine (LS) using central quantitative CT.

Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
University hospital outpatient facility.

Patients
All patients had CT scans of the LS between 2011 and 2016. Cases received at least three ESIs prior to the date of CT (n = 121). Controls were matched for age and sex (n = 121).

Main Outcome Measures
Cumulative ESI dose was calculated. vBMD was measured at T12 through L5 using QCT Pro phantomless software (MindWays).

Results
Mean age of subjects was 65 ± 14 years, and 49% were women. Median number of ESIs was 4 (range: 3 to 16). Median cumulative ESI dosage was 340 mg of triamcinolone or equivalent (range: 150 to 1400 mg). Compared with controls, ESI subjects had lower vBMD at each vertebral level. Higher cumulative dose was associated with lower mean vBMD at T12 to L5 (r = –0.22, P = 0.02).

Conclusions
Greater cumulative ESI dose was related to lower vBMD at the LS. To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure vBMD in patients treated with ESIs. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and to help identify the best strategies for preventing bone loss in this population.
Transition State Search Using rPM6: Iron- and Manganese-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions as a Test Case
Authors: Saito Toru , Takano Yu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present a reparameterization of PM6 (rPM6) for Fe in a similar procedure to that for Mn in our previous work [T. Saito, Y. Takano, Chem. Lett. 2017, 46, 1567]. The performance of the spin unrestricted rPM6 (UrPM6) method has been examined on both energy minimization and transition state (TS) search on the basis of the spin unrestricted density functional theory (UDFT) calculations. For energy minimization, the UrPM6 outperforms the original UPM6 on the basis of the UB3LYP/SVP-optimized geometries. The test set for TS search is comprised of 58 TS structures for oxidation reactions catalyzed by a variety of iron and manganese complexes including active sites of cytochrome P450 and soluble methane monooxygenase as well as their biomimetic complexes. The standard UPM6 method can locate only 21 out of 58 TS structures (36%), whereas an overall success rate is 83% (48 out of 58) by means of UrPM6. Furthermore, the UrPM6-optimized structures can be obtained easily (on the order of several minutes) and 94% of those are found to be utilized for the subsequent refinement by UDFT without any modifications of geometrical parameters.
A família, o cuidar e o desenvolvimento da criança autista
Authors: Da Silva Silvio Eder Dias , Dos Santos Arielle Lima , De Sousa Yasmim Martins , Da Cunha Natacha Mariana Farias , Da Costa Joel Lobato , Araújo Jeferson Santos 
Published: July 2018

Introdução: O Autismo é considerado como um transtorno global do desenvolvimento que se inicia antes dos três anos de idade. Caracteriza-se como uma síndrome comportamental de etiologias múltiplas que compromete o processo do desenvolvimento infantil. Objetivo: identificar o que se tem produzido na literatura científica sobre o cuidar em famílias de crianças com transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento. Método: Estudo de descritivo com abordagrm qualitativa, sendo uma revisão integrativa. Resultados: permitiram identificar que as famílias têm grandes dificuldades em manter suas estratégias para o desenvolvimento do autocuidado de crianças com autismo. Foi identificada, neste estudo, a escassez de produção científica sobre autorias de enfermeiro acerca desta temática. Conclusão: A análise de dados aponta para as estratégias adotadas por pais e familiares cuidadores, em busca do desenvolvimento adequado da criança autista.
Rules, Practices, and Information Technology: A Trifecta of Organizational Regulation
Authors: de Vaujany François-Xavier , Fomin Vladislav V. , Haefliger Stefan , Lyytinen Kalle 
Published: July 2018

As information technology (IT)-based regulation has become critical and pervasive for contemporary organizing, information systems research turns mostly a deaf ear to the topic. Current explanations of IT-based regulation fit into received frameworks such as structuration theory, actor-network theory, or neoinstitutional analyses but fail to recognize the unique capacities IT and related IT-based regulatory practices offer as a powerful regulatory means. Any IT-based regulation system is made up of rules, practices, and IT artifacts and their relationships. We propose this trifecta as a promising lens to study IT-based regulation in that it sensitizes scholars into how IT artifacts mediate rules and constitute regulatory processes embracing rules, capacities of IT endowed by the artifact, and organizational practices. We review the concepts of rules and IT-based regulation and identify two gaps in the current research on organizational regulation: (1) the critical role of sensemaking as part of IT-based regulation, and (2) the challenge of temporally coupling rules and their enactment during IT-based regulation. To address these gaps we introduce the concept of regulatory episode as a unit of analysis for studying IT-based regulation. We also formulate a tentative research agenda for IT-based regulation that focuses on tensions triggered by the three key elements of the IT-based regulatory processes.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0771 .
The experience of low back pain in people with incomplete spinal cord injury in the USA, UK and Greece
Authors: Michailidou Christina , Marston Louise , De Souza Lorraine H 
Published: July 2018

Aims/Background: To investigate the prevalence of low back pain in people with incomplete spinal cord injury and compare these characteristics among three countries. Methods: A cross-sectional, primarily internet based survey, was conducted in the USA, UK and Greece. The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was the main measure used. In addition, data were collected on the presence, onset, duration and frequency of low back pain. Findings: A total of 219 questionnaires were included in the analysis. Anytime low back pain was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI] 67, 79) and current low back pain was 66% (95% CI 59, 72). People with paraplegia were 2.75 times more likely to report low back pain anytime post incomplete spinal cord injury than people with tetraplegia (95% CI 1.38, 5.47). Thirty-three percent of participants reported low back pain onset immediately post incomplete spinal cord injury and 44% reported daily low back pain with people from UK reporting the highest percentage (59%). The more low back pain days felt in a month the worse its quality and intensity. Low back pain is described as ‘discomforting’ with moderate intensity and people from the UK reported the worst low back pain. Finally, people from Greece reported better results for the sensory component of their low back pain. Conclusions: Despite some differences in profile and injury characteristics of the groups from the three nations, low back pain presence in incomplete spinal cord injury is reported highly for all people in the countries investigated.
Classifying joint hypermobility: a comparison of three current classification systems
Authors: Armstrong Ross , Greig Matt 
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims:Joint hypermobility is an excessive range of motion in one joint and is related to increased risk of injury and performance adaptations within sports and dance. Joint hypermobility classification lacks consistency across the literature, which may hinder effective management. The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence of joint hypermobility across sex- and sport-specific participation using three different classification systems.Methods:Joint hypermobility was assessed in 286 participants consisting of rugby players, netballers, dancers and female and male controls. The Beighton score was used to measure joint hypermobility in the fifth metacarpophalangeal joints, thumbs, elbows, knees and lumbar spine. Scores were subsequently categorised using three different joint hypermobility classifications previously reported by Beighton et al (1973) , Boyle et al (2003) and Stewart and Burden (2004) .Findings:The prevalence of ‘not hypermobile’ varied considerably between classifications. This difference was greatest in female netball players and smallest in male rugby players. Within the ‘not hypermobile’ category, an additional 33 females and 5 males were ‘not hypermobile’ with the Beighton et al (1973) and Stewart and Burden (2004) criteria, which may highlight a sex consideration when assessing low Beighton scores. In the ‘distinctly hypermobile’ category, female subjects demonstrated sensitivity to classification system, most prominently dancers.Conclusions:There may be a need for separate sex categories. The female dancer classification may require further categorisation to identify extremes of joint hypermobility more effectively, which may aid injury prevention strategies.