bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Dactylorhiza Hatagirea Roots & Lavandula Stoechas Flower on Thiopental Sodium Induced Hypnosis in Mice
Authors: Sirohi Brijesh , Sagar Rakesh 
Published: September 2019

Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo belongs to the family orchidaceae. The plant is native and near endemic to Indian Himalayan region. Its distribution extends to Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Tibet and Bhutan. In India, it is reported from Jammu and Kashmir, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. The Juice extracted from tuber is used as tonic and also used for the treatment of pyorrhea (inflammation of the gum & teeth). Root paste is externally applied as poultice on cuts and wounds and extract is given in intestinal disorders. Lavandula stoechas, the Spanish lavender or topped lavender or French lavender is a species of flowering plant in the family lamiaceae, ccurring naturally in several Mediterranean countries, including France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece. It is used commercially in air fresheners and insecticides. Flower spikes have been used internally for headaches, irritability, feverish colds and nausea and externally for wounds, rheumatic pain, antiseptic, digestive, antispasmodic, healing, insect repellent and antibacterial. The neuropharmacological activities were examined by thiopental sodium induced sleeping time in mice at the doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg p.o body weight. All the extracts exhibited significant reduction of onset and duration of sleep in thiopental sodium induced sleeping time test. Altogether, these results suggest that experimental hydroalcoholic extracts of D. hatagirea roots & L. stoechas flower possesses potent hypnotic properties, which support its use in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Dactylorhiza hata, Lavandula stoechas, Sleeping time test, Thiopental sodium
Formulation, Evaluation and Optimization of Orodispersible Tablets of Naproxen sodium by using Superdisintegrant
Authors: Ansari Mohd. Razi , Singh Sumer , Quazi M.A. , Ansari Yaasir Ahmed , Abbas Jameel 
Published: September 2019

Among the different type of route of administration oral route for drug administration is most common route in which Orodispersible tablet is preferred for the patient which are unconscious, week or for immediate control. The tablet gets dispersed in mouth cavity without water, present study deals with formulation of Naproxen sodium mouth dissolving tablets using super disintegrants. Naproxen sodium is analgesic and NSAID, used for the treatment of pain and inflammation caused by different condition such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and menstrual cramps. However gastric discomfort caused by naproxen sodium result in poor patient compliance associated with it conventional doses form but now days Naproxen sodium MDTs produces rapid onset of action and minimise gastric discomfort associated with it. Thus improves patient compliance, enhance bioavailability and reduces the dose of drug. MDTs are formulated by direct compression method using super disintegrants in different proportion. The powder blend is subjected to pre-compression evaluation parameters like bulk density, true density, and tapped density and angle of repose. Formulations are evaluated for weight variation, hardness, wetting time, water absorption time, disintegration time. And in vitro dissolution studies and all formulations complies Pharmacopoeias standards. The tablets are evaluated and result compared for all five formulation the most efficacious super disintegrants for MTDs of Naproxen sodium as suggested by the dispersion time, disintegration time and drug dissolution profiles.
Keywords: - MDT, Naproxen Sodium, crosscarmellose Sodium, Sodium starch glycolate, Cross-povidone.
Studies on solvent systems for enhanced skin permeation of venlafaxine hydrochloride
Authors: Salve Pramod S. , Rathod Shahadev B. 
Published: September 2019

Venlafaxine hydrochloride (VH) is a serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor indicated for treatment of depression disorder. It shows low biological half-life 5±2 h and low oral bioavailability 45±15 % due to extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. Frequent administration of VH is required to maintain steady state plasma concentration of drug. To overcome hepatic first pass metabolism and to cross blood brain barrier for effectively achieving plasma concentration of VH in brain, we envisaged to develop transdermal drug delivery system containing VH loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Effect of solvent systems (SS), penetration enhancers (PE), and VH nanoparticles (VHNPs) on transdermal diffusion of drug were studied. VHNPs were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method using high speed homogenizer followed by probe sonication. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and tween 80 were used as polymer and surfactant respectively. Mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency of optimized VHNPs were found to be 175.4 nm, 0.109, (-) 24 mV and 56 %.respectively. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical shape of drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles. SS comprising 50% PG in EtOH shown maximum flux 158.67 ± 2.9 (µg/cm2/h) and lag time was found to be 5.60 ±0.16 h. The PE 5 (%v/v) limonene shown maximum flux 200.47±3.6 (µg/cm2/h) and lag time 3.17±0.11 h. The flux and lag time in case of VHNPs were found to be 192.24±3.20 (µg/cm2/h) and 4.22±0.14 h respectively. Based on flux, clearance and surface area of transdermal patch, a theoretical meaningful plasma level concentration of VH ranging from 12.85 to 128.5 (ng/mL) can be achieved.
Keywords: Depression, Venlafaxine hydrochloride, Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), Solvent systems, Penetration enhancers, Nanoparticles (NPs)
Study on Preliminary Phytochemicals and GC-MS Analysis of Justicia adhatoda Leaves Extract
Authors: Malathi R. , Kaviyarasan D. , Chandrasekar S. 
Published: September 2019

Several natural products have been implemented as an alternative health care treatment and in discovery of effective modern drugs. A major focus of natural product chemistry has been toward drug design and discovery. Justicia adhatoda is a well-known Indian medicinal plant valued for its pharmacopeia. This plant root, bark, leaf and flower are used to heal several diseases and poisonous bites. The present work was to evaluate the phytochemicals and GC-MS analysis of J. adhatoda leaves extracts. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening using standard procedures. The result showed that the phytochemicals present in the extract of J.adhatoda are alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, coumarins, hydroxy anthraquinones, tannins, phlobatannins, proteins, xantho protein, steroids and phenols. The GC-MS analysis of acetone extract showed the presence of many secondary metabolites like phytol (0.8%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z) (1.6%), butane, 2,2-dimethyl (0.21%), pentane, 2,3,3-trimethyl (0.22%), hexathiane (0.08%), and benzenesulfonic acid (0.22%). The diversity of phytochemical present in the plant suggests that J. adhatoda could serve as a source of useful drugs.
Keywords: Justicia adhatoda leaves, acetone extract, phytochemicals, GC-MS.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Floating Wax Beads of Olopatadine Hydrochloride
Authors: Baviskar Priyanka , Patil Prashant , Saudagar Ravindranath B 
Published: September 2019

In this study, a multiple-unit gastroretentive sustain release drug delivery system of Olopatadine hydrochloride was developed from a completely aqueous environment, avoiding the use of any organic solvent, thus releasing the drug for a prolonged duration of time. Emulsion gelation technique was used to prepare beads. The beads with edible oil were prepare by mixing and homogenizing olive oil and water containing pectin and molten wax which was then extruded in to calcium chloride solution. The effects of carnauba wax on drug entrapment efficiency, floating lag time and morphology and drug release was studied. It was found that carnauba wax was sufficient to sustain the drug release at gastric pH. The results show that these beads can entrap drug in sufficient amount and also can successfully deliver the drug in stomach for a prolong duration of time avoiding the use of any organic solvent.
Keywords: Gastroretentive, Floating Wax Beads, Olopatadine
Stability Matrix Designs: A Boon For Stability Testing of Pharmaceutical Drug Products.
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Swetha P. 
Published: September 2019

Long term stability is done in a matrix approach after manufacturing of drug for ensuring the stability of drugs. Using the matrix basic design which is useful for testing 3 lots under one storage condition can be expanded to multiple presentation of products or multiple storage conditions. The design shows full testing at the end points (0 and 36 months) and shows partial testing at the interim time points (3, 6, 9, 12, 18 &24 min). With the assistance of a statistical search algorithm, the test points are selected . 37.5% reduction in analytical testing, while permitting a reliable interim expiry estimate. Based on 12 months stability data it is provided by the proposed matrix design. The matrix approach obtained by expiration dating periods is typically more conservative than the approaches derived from the full testing estimate. The comparison of expiration dating estimate for meter dose inhaler and capsules is presented using the matrixed and full testing approaches.
Quinoline as TRPV1 Antagonists: A New Approach against Inflammation
Authors: Ambatkar Megha P. , Khedekar Pramod B. 
Published: September 2019

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as infection or irritation, consists of a cascade of biochemical events that propagates and matures the inflammatory response. Number of anti-inflammatory drugs are available for treatment of acute and chronic inflammation. Many anti-inflammatory drugs cause adverse side effects. The quinoline class of compounds are important for searching the safe and effective anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are classified based on the number of substituents present on the quinoline ring or compounds containing a quinoline ring fused to other heterocyclic compounds. Quinolines have the ability to target several causes of inflammation includes transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor. The TRPV1 receptor, first cloned and characterized in 1997, is a non-selective cation channel expressed in primary sensory neurons, and is a key pain sensor and integrator. This review provides the discovery of various quinoline derivatives as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonists. Overall, the quinoline moiety will be used as a new template for designing and identifying the novel anti-inflammatory drugs in future.
Keywords: Quinoline, Inflammation, Transient receptor Potential Vanilloid 1, Antagonists.
An Overview of Fast Dissolving Oral Film
Authors: Meher Abhishek , Dighe Nachiket S. 
Published: September 2019

Taste-masking techniques are applied to mask or overcome the bitter or unpleasant taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients/drugs to achieve patient acceptability and compliance. Oral administration of bitter or unpleasant tasting drugs is often the biggest barrier for patient groups, such as pediatrics and geriatrics [1, 2]. Unless the active ingredient is tasteless or does not have any unpleasant taste, taste-masking plays a key role in the success of a final solid oral dosage form. The efficiency of taste-masking is often a key determinant for the success of specialized dosage forms like orally disintegrating tablets and films, and chewable tablets [2]. The mechanisms of taste-masking techniques often rely on two major approaches: the first is to add sweeteners, flavors, and effervescent agents to mask the unpleasant taste, and the second is to avoid the contact of bitter/unpleasant drugs with taste buds. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in the area of taste-masking by applying novel strategies and techniques, such as hot-melt extrusion and microencapsulation.[1,3] The following presents an overview and current status of the industrial approaches and platforms used for taste-masking in oral dosage forms. [1, 2, 4] Many pharmaceutical companies are switching their products from tablets to fast dissolving oral thin films (OTFs).[6,7] Films have all the advantages of tablets (precise dosage, easy administration) and those of liquid dosage forms (easy swallowing, rapid bioavailability). Statistics have shown that four out of five patients prefer orally disintegrating dosage forms over conventional solid oral dosages forms. Pediatric, geriatric, bedridden, emetic patients and those with Central Nervous System disorders, have difficulty in swallowing or chewing solid dosage forms.[7,8] Many of these patients are non-compliant in administering solid dosage forms due to fear of choking.[9] OTFs when placed on the tip or the floor of the tongue are instantly wet by saliva. This technology provides a good platform for patent non- infringing product development and for increasing the patent life-cycle of the existing products. [10, 11]
Nanomedicine Clinical Use, Regulatory and Toxicology Issues in Europe
Authors: Pasumarthi Sravanthi , Nagabhushanam M.V. , Reddy D. Nagarjuna , Brahmaiah B , Ramakrishna , 
Published: September 2019

Nano medicine is a revolutionizing field that can benefit both diagnosis and treatment and contribute to a better quality of life. Despite the expected huge benefits, the potential risks on human health are significant as well. This thesis aims to defense a perspective that in case of nascent technologies, where the data are still emerging and scientific uncertainty prevails, risk governance should sustain the process of scientific knowledge by developing guidelines, codes of conduct and public information and provide a minimum level of safety acceptable to protect human health. Although Nano medicine is at an early stage of development some cautious measures should be taken that will provide regulatory mechanisms able to respond to the challenges posed by Nano medicine, establish a minimum level of safety but will also allow the further promotion of scientific knowledge. This multidisciplinary approach can contribute in adopting regulatory choices and tools that will help manage the risks, protect human health and promote scientific knowledge. As the technologies are designed based on a clear understanding of a particular disease, disease specific oriented focus is required for the development of novel pharmaceuticals. In addition, it will be important to establish a case-by-case approach to clinical and regulatory evaluation of each Nano pharmaceutical. High priority should be given to enhancing communication and exchange of information among academia, industry and regulatory agencies encompassing all facets of this multidisciplinary approach.
Keywords: novel pharmaceuticals, Nano pharmaceuticals, toxicological issues, clinical use, Nano medicines
Risk Ownership, ERM Practices, and the Role of the Finance Function
Authors: Ittner Christopher D. , Oyon Daniel F. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This study provides exploratory evidence on the associations between the assignment of senior-level “risk ownership” and the sophistication of the enterprise risk management (ERM) process, ERM sophistication differences in firms with single versus multiple risk owners, and the relationship between CFO risk ownership and Finance's role in the ERM process. Using a global, multi-industry survey, we find ERM sophistication positively associated with broader risk ownership and CFO risk ownership. Finance functions in firms with more sophisticated ERM practices and with CFOs who are risk owners tend to contribute to the identification, monitoring, and management of a broader range of financial, operational, and market risks. Firms with more sophisticated ERM report being better prepared when they encountered major risk events and having stronger competitive positions. However, risk ownership differences are not directly associated with these outcomes after controlling for ERM sophistication.
STRATEGI DAN PROSES KREATIF PRODUKSI PEMENTASAN DRAMA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DRAMA KELAS XI SMA NEGERI BALI MANDARA
Authors: Mahendra Putu Arya , Gunatama Gede , Suandi Nengah 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) strategi pengajaran drama kelas XI SMA Negeri Bali Mandara, (2) proses kreatif produksi pementasan drama dalam pembelajaran drama kelas XI SMA Negeri Bali Mandara, dan (3) kendala yang dihadapi saat pelaksanaan proses kreatif produksi pementasan drama dalam pembelajaran drama kelas XI SMA Bali Mandara. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri Bali Mandara. Metode dokumentasi digunakan untuk melengkapi metode observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) strategi pengajaran drama kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri Bali Mandara dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu tahap penjelajahan, tahap intepretasi dan tahap rekreasi, (2) proses kreatif produksi pementasan drama dalam pembelajaran drama kelas XI IPS 2 dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap latihan dan tahap pementasan, (3) kendala yang dihadapi saat proses kreatif pementasan drama dalam pembelajaran drama kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Negeri Bali Mandara, yaitu terjadi pada kendala nonteknis berupa keterbatasan waktu latihan dan padatnya kegiatan di sekolah maupun di luar sekolah.
ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA BUKU TEKS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MATERI MEMBUAT SINOPSIS NOVEL REMAJA INDONESIA KELAS VIII C DI SMP NEGERI 2 SAWAN
Authors: Pinis Elisabeth , Darmayanti Ida Ayu Made 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan (1) pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia melalui penggunaan media buku teks pada materi membuat sinopsis novel remaja Indonesia di kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 2 Sawan dan (2) kendala-kendala yang memengaruhi ketidakefektifan penggunaan media buku teks dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia pada materi membuat sinopsis novel remaja Indonesia di kelas VIII C di SMP Negeri 2 Sawan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat bagi beberapa pihak, baik secara teoretis maupun praktis. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa dan guru kelas VIII C SMP Negeri 2 Sawan, sedangkan objek penelitian ini yakni pembelajaran dan kendala-kendala yang memengaruhi ketidakefektifan penggunaan media buku teks pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dalam membuat sinopsis novel remaja Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakann teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dalam materi membuat sinopsis remaja Indonesia lebih terfokus pada buku teks. (2) Kendala-kendala yang memengaruhi ketidakefektifan pembelajaran pada materi membuat sinopsis novel remaja Indonesia, yakni berasal dari faktor guru dan siswa. Kendala yang dirasakan oleh guru di antaranya guru kekurangan waktu dalam proses pembelajaran dan membuat siswa agar tidak mudah bosan untuk mendengarkan materi yang dijelaskan. Selanjutnya, kendala yang dirasakan oleh siswa di antaranya, tidak semua siswa memiliki buku teks, sulit memahami contoh sinopsis novel pada buku teks, kemampuan siswa dalam membuat sinopsis novel remaja Indonesia sangat rendah, menemukan novel remaja Indonesia cukup susah, serta membaca novel membutuhkan kosentrasi dan waktu yang cukup lama.
HUBUNGAN BUDAYA LITERASI (BACA-TULIS) DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA SISWA KELAS XISMA NEGERI 7 DENPASAR
Authors: Suandewi Pt Melia , Putrayasa Ida Bagus , Gunatama Gede 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan budaya literasi (baca-tulis) dengan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia siawa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Denpasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian koreleasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Denpasar sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas XI IPA 4, XI IPA 6, XI IPA 10, dan XI IPS 1. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan ialah teknik random sampling. Metode pengumpulan datadalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi satu predictor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) budaya literasi siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata – rata budaya literasi 82,78. (2) hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 juga termasuk ke dalam kategori sangat tinggi dengan nilai rata – rata 78,78. (3) Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara budaya literasi dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 7 Denpasar dengan beta pisitif 0,843. Hal ini berarti semakin meningakat budaya literasi akan semakin meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia sebesar 0,843, sebaliknya jika budaya literasi semakin menurun maka hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia akan semakin menurun sebesar 0,843.
Pengelolaan Central Diabetes Insipidus Pasca Cedera Kepala Berat
Authors: Fithrah Bona Akhmad , Rasman Marsudi , Saleh Siti Chasnak 
Published: September 2019

Cedera otak traumatika adalah salah satu penyebab kematian dan kesakitan tersering pada kelompok masyarakat muda. Hasil akhir dari cedera kepala berat dapat menyebabkan gangguan kognitif, perilaku, psikologi dan sosial. Salah satu konsekuensi dari cedera kepala berat adalah terjadinya disfungsi hormonal baik dari hipofise anterior maupun posterior. Angka kejadian disfungsi hormonal ini sekitar 20-50%. Salah satu yang paling menantang dan sering terjadi adalah diabetes insipidus (DI) dan Syndrome inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Angka kejadian diabetes insipidus pasca cedera kepala diduga sebesar 1-2,9% dengan berbagai tingkatannya. Pada beberapa kasus bersifat sementara tapi beberapa kasus terjadi bersifat menetap. Pada laporan kasus ini akan dibawakan sebuah kasus diabetes insipidus pasca cedera kepala berat. Pasien mengalami cedera kepala berat, hingga dilakukan decompressive craniectomi dan trakeostomi. Untuk perawatan lanjutan pasien dirujuk ke Jakarta. Saat menjalani terapi lanjutan ini pasien terdiagnosis diabetes insipidus Pada kasus ini diabetes insipidus tidak timbul langsung setelah cedera kepala tetapi baru timbul lebih kurang satu bulan setelah cedera kepala. Diabetes insipidus dikelola dengan menggunakan desmopressin spray dan oral disamping mengganti cairan yang hilang. Pada kasus ini desmopressin sempat di stop sebelum akhirnya diberikan terus menerus dan pasien diterapi sebagai diabetes insipidus yang menetap. Managing Central Diabetes Insipidus in Post Severe Head Injury PatientAbstractTraumatic brain injury is the cause of mortality and morbidity in society mostly in male-young generation. The last outcome of traumatic brain injury might be deficit in cognitive, behavioral, psychological and social. the consequences of traumatic brain injury might be hormonal disfunction from anterior and posterior pituitary. The incidence around 20-50%. The most challenging problem is diabetes insipidus (DI) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The incident of post traumatic diabetes insipidus around 1-2,9% with several degree. In certain case its only occurred transiently but some report it could be permanent. In this case report will find one case post traumatic diabetes insipidus. This pasien had severe traumatic brain injury and underwent decompressive craniectomy and tracheostomy. For further therapy patient was referred to Jakarta. In this further treatment patient diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus doesn’t occurred since the first day of injury but occurred almost one month after. Diabetes insipidus managed with desmopressin spray and oral beside replace water loss. For a few days desmopressin stop but diabetes insipidus occurred again so desmopressin given daily both spray and oral and the patient had therapy as diabetes insipidus permanent.