bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing instability and concern about firearm victimisation among Asian Americans
Authors: Siddiqui Shan Mohammed , Gao Xiang 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundRising costs of living, coupled with housing shortages across the USA, have made housing instability a key issue over the past few years. Alongside this problem has also been a steady rise in violence against (and gun deaths among) Asian Americans. Limited scholarship, however, has examined these issues in the context of this increasingly stigmatised population. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between housing instability and firearm victimisation among Asian Americans. We further assessed how being worried about victimisation may vary by ethnicity.MethodsWe conducted secondary data analysis, using the 2021–2022 California Health Interview Survey. We used weighted logistic regression to assess the association between housing instability and firearm victimisation among Asian Americans.ResultsAsian respondents experiencing housing instability had significantly greater odds of worrying about firearm victimisation, compared with those with a stable home, even after accounting for various sociodemographic and health-related factors (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.79, p<0.05). Additionally, the odds of being concerned about firearm victimisation were significantly lower among Japanese (AOR=0.64) and Vietnamese (AOR=0.72) participants, compared with Chinese respondents (both p<0.05).Discussion and conclusionsOur findings confirm that not having a stable home is strongly linked to worrying about firearm victimisation among Asian Americans. This concern varies significantly by ethnicity. We highlight the importance of disaggregating data on Asian Americans and discuss broader implications for public health.
Social isolation and firearm secure storage in the USA: results from the 2022 BRFSS
Authors: Testa Alexander , Semenza Daniel , Jackson Dylan B , Fu Karyn , McKay Sandra , Ganson Kyle T , Nagata Jason M , Tsai Jack 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundFirearm secure storage (ie, storing firearms unloaded and locked) is recommended to reduce unintentional injuries and suicides. However, the relationship between psychological states, such as social isolation, and firearm secure storage practices is under-researched.MethodsData are from 7136 individuals with firearms in their households from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between social isolation and firearm storage.ResultsAmong respondents, 71.6% reported storing firearms unloaded, 14.2% stored firearms loaded and locked and 14.2% stored firearms loaded and unlocked. Most respondents reported feeling ‘never’ (40.7%) or ‘rarely’ (33.3%) socially isolated, with 18.7% reporting ‘sometimes’, 4.3% ‘usually’ and 3.0% ‘always’ feeling socially isolated. Covariate-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who felt ‘always’ socially isolated had an over threefold greater risk of storing firearms loaded and unlocked (relative risk ratio=3.733, 95% CI 1.443 to 9.662, p=0.007) compared with unloaded.ConclusionResults suggest a link between feelings of social isolation and unsecured firearm storage. Public health strategies should address both firearm safety education and the underlying issue of social isolation.
Number of children and risk of dementia: a cohort study
Authors: Wolfova Katrin , Hubbard Rebecca A , Brennan Kearns Pavla , Chang Virginia W , Crane Paul , LaCroix Andrea Z , Larson Eric B , Tom Sarah 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundFindings on the link between the number of children and dementia risk are inconsistent, mostly studied in females, suggesting pregnancy-related changes may be a key factor in this association.MethodsThe Adult Changes in Thought Study is a cohort of adults aged ≥65 years from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The primary exposure was the number of children (0, 1, 2, 3 or ≥4), and the outcome was an incident dementia diagnosis. Cox proportional-hazards models were adjusted for demographic and early-life socioeconomic confounders. Models were then stratified by sex and by birth year <1928 versus ≥1928.ResultsAmong 4668 participants (average age at enrolment 74.1±SD 6.3 years; 59% female), 967 (21%) had 0 children, 484 (10%) had one child, 1240 (27%) had two children, 968 (21%) had three children and 1009 (22%) had four or more children. We found no association between the number of children and dementia overall or after stratification by birth cohort. When stratified by sex and adjusting for confounders, having ≥4 children compared with two children was associated with a higher rate of dementia in males (HR=1.31, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe number of children was not consistently associated with the risk of dementia. We observed a greater risk of dementia only among males who had ≥4 children, with the lower bound of the 95% CI marginally exceeding 1. These findings suggest that the number of children may influence the risk of dementia through other than pregnancy-related pathways.
Associations between sleep, energy balance, and obesity markers over 6 months in Black emerging adults—pilot study findings from the Sleep, Health Outcomes, and Body Weight (SHOW) study
Authors: Koch Hannah R. , Sims Jesse N.L. , Pickett Stephanie , Wideman Laurie , McNeil Jessica 
Published: November 2024

Insufficient sleep (short sleep duration and poor sleep quality) is associated with obesity risk. Emerging adults (ages 18–28 years) have a greater risk of excess weight gain and insufficient sleep, and these risks are higher in Black individuals. Using a measurement burst design, we assessed associations between sleep with energy balance components and obesity marker changes over 6 months in 15 Black emerging adults (12 females; age: 21 ± 2.5 years; body mass index: 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m2; body fat: 25.8 ± 11.9%). Since our sample was predominantly female (80%), we repeated our analyses for females only. Participants completed the following measurements at baseline (BLN) and 6 months later (6MO): 7 days of actigraphy-based sleep and physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and 2 nights of in-home polysomnography-based sleep; resting EE and thermic effect of food with indirect calorimetry; ad libitum energy intake (EI) via self-reported methods over 4 days and directly measured over 3 days with provided meals. Body weight (2.6 kg, p = 0.01) and waist circumference (2.4 cm, p = 0.03) increased from BLN to 6MO. Changes in actigraphy-based sleep duration were associated with changes in body weight (β = 0.03, standard error (SE) = 0.02, p = 0.04) and fat mass (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03 p = 0.03) in females only. Greater rapid eye movement sleep duration was associated with increases in resting EE (β = 2.24, SE = 0.84, p = 0.02). Greater slow-wave sleep was associated with increases in self-reported EI (β = 18.34, SE = 4.7, p < 0.01). Sleep may impact components of energy balance and risk of weight gain in Black emerging adults. Additional research is needed to confirm our pilot findings.
Thermodynamic topology of topological charged dilatonic black holes
Authors: Hazarika B. , Panah B. Eslam , Phukon P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the thermodynamic topology of topological charged dilatonic black holes. To achieve this, our study will begin by examining the characteristics of topological charged black holes in dilaton gravity. Specifically, we will concentrate on the impact of the topological constant on the event horizon of these black holes. Subsequently, we will analyze these black holes, considering their thermodynamic and conserved quantities, in order to assess the validity of the first law of thermodynamics. We explore the thermodynamic topology of these black holes by treating them as thermodynamic defects. For our study, we examine two types of thermodynamic ensembles: the fixed q ensemble and the fixed $$\phi $$
ϕ
ensemble. To study the impact of the topological constant (k) on thermodynamic topology, we consider all possible types of curvature hypersurfaces that can form in these black holes. By calculating the topological charges at the defects within their thermodynamic spaces, we analyze both the local and global topology of these black holes. We also investigate how the parameters of dilaton gravity affect the thermodynamic topology of black holes and highlight the differences compared to charged black holes in the General Relativity.
An investigation of errors in ellipse-fitting for cold-atom interferometers
Authors: Ridley Kevin , Rodgers Anthony 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEllipse fitting is a technique which is used to extract differential phase in cold-atom interferometers, particularly in situations where common-mode noise needs to be suppressed. We use numerical simulation to investigate errors in the ellipse fitting process; specifically, errors due to the presence of additive noise, linear drift in ellipse offset and amplitude, as well as an error that can arise from fringe normalisation. Errors are found to manifest in two ways: bias in the ellipse phase measurement and incomplete suppression of common mode phase noise. We quantify these errors for three different ellipse fitting algorithms and discuss the applicability of these results to future cold atom sensors.
Predictors for the Level of Quality of Life Among Older Adults: Approaches to the Effect of Sociodemographic and Chronic Diseases
Authors: Rezq Khulud Ahmad , Algamdi Maadiah M. , Alatawi Futun , Altamimi Danah , Albalawi Nouf , Albalawi Atheer , Abed Taghreed , Alatawi Dana , Alhthli Reem 
Published: November 2024

Objectives: This cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the quality of life (QOL) and chronic disease prevalence among 265 individuals over the age of 60.Methods: Utilizing the quality‐of‐life index (QLI), data were collected through an online questionnaire from eligible participants, not mentally disabled.Results: Significant variations in chronic conditions were found based on marital status, education, employment, and daily activities. QOL declined with age, divorce, unemployment, and dependency on caregivers but improved with a university degree. Living with family positively impacted overall QOL, while older age, unemployment, dependency, hypertension, and kidney disease were associated with lower QOL scores across various domains.Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions had pivotal role in shaping the QOL for individuals over the age of 60, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions for improved well‐being in this population.
A Novel Designed Anti–PD-L1/OX40 Bispecific Antibody Augments Both Peripheral and Tumor-Associated Immune Responses for Boosting Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Li Baocun , Gong Shiyong , Zhang Nianying , Shi Beilei , Lv Zhou , Zhang Yu , Gaowa Naren , Dong Liqin , Wu Danqing , Wu Jianfu , Liu Fan , Zhang Rui , Behzadigohar Ramin , Ganju Vinod , Wu Chengbin , Wu Xuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) combining simultaneous PD-L1 blockade and conditional costimulatory receptor activation have been developed to improve immune checkpoint therapy response. However, several PD-L1–based BsAbs have encountered clinical challenges, including insufficient activity or unexpected toxicity. In this study, we propose OX40 as a more suitable target partner for PD-L1–based BsAb design compared with ongoing clinical partners (CD27 and 4-1BB). We present a novel Fc-silenced tetravalent PD-L1/OX40 BsAb (EMB-09), which efficiently blocks PD-1/PD-L1 interactions and induces PD-L1–dependent OX40 activation, leading to enhanced T-cell activation. EMB-09 demonstrated improved antitumor activity compared with the anti–PD-L1 mAb. Significantly, EMB-09 activated effector memory T cells in the peripheral immune system and promoted the influx of stem-like CD8+ T cells into the tumor site, resulting in a more active phenotype of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In an ongoing first-in-human study in patients with advanced refractory solid tumors (NCT05263180), EMB-09 demonstrated a consistent pharmacodynamic response and early efficacy signals.
Table S5 from ETx-22, a Novel Nectin-4–Directed Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Safety and Potent Antitumor Activity in Low-Nectin-4–Expressing Tumors
Authors: Lopez Marc , Crompot Emerence , Josselin Emmanuelle , Farina Anne , Rubis Marion , Castellano Remy , Fares Joanna , Wehbe Maria , Collette Yves , Charafe Emmanuelle , Blanchin Stéphanie , Romagne François , Pálfi Anikó , Hechler Torsten , Pahl Andreas , Azim Hatem A. , Lhospice Florence , Mamessier Emilie , Bertucci François , Elands Jack , Préville Xavier , Olive Daniel 
Published: November 2024

<p>Supplementary Table 5 shows the analysis of average Drug Antibody Ratio in monkey plasma </p>
O Gótico Feminino e o Papel da Mulher nos Contos 'Sob as Estrelas' e 'A Neurose da Cor', de Júlia Lopes de Almeida
Authors: Oliveira Tharcylla Beatriz Fontenele 
Published: November 2024

The present work comprises the constitution of the feminine gothic in the tales “Sob as estrelas” and “A neurose da cor”, both present in the collection of tales Ânsia eterna (1903), by the brazilian writer Júlia Lopes de Almeida. In this sense, the hypothesis is presented that aspects of this strand are aligned with a female perspective that is expressed by the role of female characters in the narratives. With this, the objective is to investigate the aspects of the feminine gothic in the author's tales, in addition to analyzing the role of the protagonists in relation to this feminine perspective that, sometimes, expresses the anguish of being a woman in society, which results in the presence of an identity narrative. Thus, the research that followed this article is bibliographical, descriptive and analytical, using for theoretical support the studies proposed by Beauvoir (1949), Woolf (1929), Zolin (2009), Moers (1976) and Williams (1995), which have as a focus the study of aspects of literary fiction written by women. With the verification of the role played by the protagonists of the short stories in terms of this gender perspective, a recurrent characteristic in women's authorship, it is possible to conclude that Almeida's production impacts the scenario of brazilian female literary historiography, as it verbalizes, in your texts, the challenge and weight of the female experience in the patriarchal context as “the second sex”, becoming a reference in the representation of the desire of countless women for freedom of expression.
Perfusion‐Based Relative Cerebral Blood Volume Is Associated With Functional Dependence in Large‐Vessel Occlusion Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lakhani Dhairya A. , Balar Aneri B. , Koneru Manisha , Wen Sijin , Ozkara Burak Berksu , Caplan Justin , Dmytriw Adam A. , Wang Richard , Lu Hanzhang , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Nabi Mehreen , Mazumdar Ishan , Cho Andrew , Chen Kevin , Sepehri Sadra , Hyson Nathan , Xu Risheng , Urrutia Victor , Luna Licia P. , Hillis Argye , Heit Jeremy J. , Albers Greg W. , Rai Ansaar T. , Faizy Tobias , Wintermark Max , Nael Kambiz , Yedavalli Vivek S. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Pretreatment computed tomography perfusion parameter relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) lesion volume has been shown to predict 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score in small‐core strokes with Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score ≥5, including those with medium‐vessel occlusions (mid and distal M2 segment occlusions). Hence, in this study we aim to assess the performance of different rCBV lesion volume thresholds (rCBV <42%, rCBV <38%, and rCBV <34%) with 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score including patients with large core (Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score <5) and strictly including only patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective evaluation of our prospectively collected database, inclusion criteria were (1) Computed tomographic angiography confirmed anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion from September 1, 2017, to October 1, 2023; and (2) diagnostic computed tomography perfusion. Student
t
test, Mann–Whitney
U
test, and χ
2
test were used in the univariate data analysis. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to assess correlations. Outcome measure was dichotomized into good functional outcome (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score, 0–2) and poor functional outcome (90‐day modified Rankin Scale score, 3–6) for logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis.
P
≤0.05 was considered significant. In total, 229 patients met our inclusion criteria. The majority of the patients (n=161) in our cohort had M1 occlusion. All the rCBV thresholds were significantly higher in patients with poor 90‐day functional outcomes and were independently associated with the outcome. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a slightly stronger correlation of rCBV <42% (ρ=0.27,
P
<0.001), as compared with rCBV <38% (ρ=0.25,
P
<0.001) and rCBV <34% (ρ=0.24,
P
<0.001) with functional outcome. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that rCBV <42% (area under the curve, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.60–0.74];
P
<0.001) performed marginally better than rCBV <38% (area under the curve, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.59–0.73];
P
<0.001), and rCBV <34% (area under the curve, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.58–0.72];
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
All the rCBV thresholds were independently associated with poor 90‐day functional outcome; however, the rCBV <42% marginally outperformed rCBV <38% and rCBV <34% lesion volumes.
P‐Wave Duration Is Associated With Aging Patterns in Structural Brain Networks
Authors: Haddad Elizabeth , Matloff William , Park Gilsoon , Liu Mengting , Jahanshad Neda , Kim Ho Sung 
Published: November 2024

Background
Impaired cardiac function is associated with cognitive impairment and brain imaging features of aging. Cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, are implicated in clinical and subclinical brain injuries. Even in the absence of a clinical diagnosis, subclinical or prodromal substrates of arrhythmias, including an abnormally long or short P‐wave duration (PWD), a measure associated with atrial abnormalities, have been associated with stroke and cognitive decline. However, the extent to which PWD has subclinical influences on overall aging patterns of the brain is not clearly understood.

Methods and Results
Here, using neuroimaging and ECG data from the UK Biobank, we use a novel regional “brain age” method to identify the brain aging networks associated with abnormal PWD. We find associations between short PWD and accelerated brain aging in the sensorimotor, frontoparietal, ventral attention, and dorsal attention networks, even in the absence of overt cardiac diseases.

Conclusions
These findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between PWD and structural brain aging. This work emphasizes the need for continued study designs that consider brain‐based outcomes related to abnormally short PWD.
Metabolic Syndrome Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Male Mouse With Adeno‐Associated Viral Renin as a Novel Model for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shi Yuji , Perez‐Bonilla Patricia , Chen Xian , Tam Kelly , Marshall Mackenzie , Morin Jeffrey , LaViolette Brianna , Kue Nouaying R. , Damilano Federico , Miller Russell A. , Zhang Bei B. , Roth Flach Rachel J. , Hirenallur‐Shanthappa Dinesh 
Published: November 2024

Background
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) currently accounts for more than half of patients with HF, with limited approved evidence‐based therapies. HFpEF is a complex multifactorial disease associated with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and renal dysfunction. In addition to our limited understanding of HFpEF pathophysiology, the development of new therapies is partially hindered by the existing translationally relevant preclinical HFpEF models.

Methods and Results
Here, we report the development of a novel 2‐hit HFpEF male mouse model through adding hypertensive stress from the activation of the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system with adeno‐associated viral‐renin (AAV‐renin), to the metabolic syndrome nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (MSNASH, formerly FATZO) mouse (MSNASH+AAV‐renin). To further demonstrate model translatability, MSNASH+AAV‐renin mice were then treated with approved HFpEF therapies sacubitril/valsartan or a combination of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin. We found that the MSNASH+AAV‐renin mouse model demonstrates clinically relevant features of human HFpEF, including preserved ejection fraction, cardiac hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, diastolic dysfunction, elevated natriuretic peptides, inflammation, and low exercise capacity. We also demonstrate that treatment with approved HFpEF therapies sacubitril/valsartan and the combination of sacubitril/valsartan with empagliflozin improves the cardiac phenotypes of HFpEF in this model.

Conclusions
The MSNASH+AAV‐renin model faithfully represents a severe cardiometabolic HFpEF phenogroup that can be used as a new tool for HFpEF preclinical research and drug discovery.
Phosphodiesterase 9 Inhibition Combined With Valsartan and With Sacubitril/Valsartan in Experimental Ovine Heart Failure
Authors: Scott Nicola J. A. , Charles Christopher J. , Prickett Timothy C. R. , Frampton Christopher M. , Richards A. Mark , Rademaker Miriam T. 
Published: November 2024

Background
LCZ696 (sacubitril/valsartan) antagonizes the renin–angiotensin system while simultaneously augmenting the natriuretic peptides (NPs). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 9 inhibition (PDE9i), which hydrolyses NP‐generated cGMP may be a more specific means of enhancing NP bioactivity. The objective of the present study was to compare for the first time effects of LCZ696 and PDE9i+valsartan in experimental heart failure (HF) and investigate combination PDE9i+LCZ696.

Methods and Results
Seven sheep received, on separate days, intravenous boli of (1) LCZ696, (2) PDE9i+valsartan, (3) PDE9i+LCZ696, and (4) vehicle control, during mild HF and severe HF. Compared with control, LCZ696 and PDE9i+LCZ696 induced similar increases in plasma NPs (greater increments in severe HF), whereas PDE9i+valsartan reduced NP levels. Circulating cGMP was elevated following LCZ696 and PDE9i+valsartan, and further increased with combination PDE9i+LCZ696. All active treatments increased plasma renin and angiotensin II (greater increments in severe HF). Plasma aldosterone was unchanged. Plasma endothelin‐1 was elevated by LCZ696 and PDE9i+LCZ696, but not PDE9i+valsartan. Active treatments reduced arterial and left atrial pressure and peripheral resistance and increased cardiac output (more pronounced in severe‐HF). PDE9i+LCZ696 induced greater hemodynamic changes relative to LCZ696 and PDE9i+valsartan. Treatments had minimal renal effect in mild HF. In severe HF, treatments elevated urine cGMP in association with significant increases in creatinine clearance and diuresis and natriuresis, effects especially prominent with PDE9i+LCZ696.

Conclusions
LCZ696 and PDE9i+valsartan have similar beneficial hemodynamic and renal effects in HF, with combined PDE9i+LCZ696 producing additional improvements. Overall, effects were significantly greater in severe HF. Findings suggest PDE9i might serve as a replacement for neprilysin inhibition or as an adjunct therapy to LCZ696.