bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does orofacial trauma in children affect the developing dentition? Long‐term treatment and associated complications
Authors: Flores Marie Therese , Onetto Juan Eduardo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEach year, millions of children are injured and live with the consequences of those injuries. Through infancy and childhood, orofacial trauma caused by falls or being struck by or against objects occurs in children. The long‐term implications on the developing permanent teeth are little known, even when the oral region is the second most frequently injured body area in children under 6 years of age. During this period, the developing permanent teeth may be directly involved after trauma, causing mild to severe hypoplasia, displacement, damage to the tooth germ, or an extended range of morphofunctional disturbances. In some cases, the effects of oral and dental injuries caused by trauma appear later with the eruption of the permanent incisors when ectopic eruption, malalignments, and other developmental disturbances become visible. Therefore, long‐term follow up of the patient in order to diagnose and treat associated complications becomes essential. Critical points for facing the consequences of orofacial trauma on the developing dentition are to recognize the impact of orofacial trauma in young children and the dentist's role in providing anticipatory guidance to parents and health care professionals, differentiate between mild and severe disturbances affecting the developing permanent teeth after oral injuries in early childhood, recognize the importance of follow‐up controls, and recognize the importance of early referral to a pediatric dentist and orthodontist for diagnosis and treatment planning.
Flexible regions govern promiscuous binding of IL‐24 to receptors IL‐20R1 and IL‐22R1
Authors: Zahradník Jiří , Kolářová Lucie , Peleg Yoav , Kolenko Petr , Svidenská Silvie , Charnavets Tatsiana , Unger Tamar , Sussman Joel L. , Schneider Bohdan 
Published: June 2019

Interleukin 24 (IL‐24) is a cytokine with the potential to be an effective treatment for autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, its instability and difficulties in its production have hampered detailed biological and biophysical studies. We approached the challenges of IL‐24 production by using the PROSS algorithm to design more stable variants of IL‐24. We used homology models built from the sequences and known structures of IL‐20 and IL‐19 and predicted and produced several extensively mutated IL‐24 variants that were highly stable and produced in large yields; one of them was crystallized (IL‐24B, PDB ID 6GG1; 3D Interactive at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal: FEBS_Journal:1). The mutated variants, however, lost most of their binding capacity to the extracellular parts of cognate receptors. While the affinity to the receptor 2 (IL‐20R2) was preserved, the variants lost affinity to IL‐20R1 and IL‐22R1 (shared receptors 1). Back engineering of the variants revealed that reintroduction of a single IL‐24 wild‐type residue (T198) to the patch interacting with receptors 1 restored 80% of the binding affinity and signaling capacity, accompanied by an acceptable drop in the protein stability by 9 °C. Multiple sequence alignment explains the stabilizing effect of the mutated residues in the IL‐24 variants by their presence in the related and more stable cytokines IL‐20 and IL‐19. Our homology‐based approach can enhance existing methods for protein engineering and represents a viable alternative to study and produce difficult proteins for which only in silico structural information is available, estimated as >40% of all important drug targets.
Containment of Sources of Groundwater Contamination: Analysis of Mass Fluxes
Authors: Neville Christopher J. , Andrews Charles B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCutoff walls and liners are used frequently as barriers to isolate contaminants at both controlled and uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Neville and Andrews (2006) presented a containment criterion for contaminant isolation by a barrier. The analysis of Neville and Andrews (2006) yields the inward Darcy flux that balances the diffusive mass flux from the source so that the net mass flux is zero. A requirement of zero net mass flux may not be achievable in all situations. The analysis developed by Neville and Andrews (2006) is extended to develop straightforward expressions for the long‐term mass fluxes across a barrier for any conditions. In cases where it may not be possible to satisfy a criterion of zero net mass flux, the results from an exact solution for transient solute transport are used to show how the mass fluxes evolve to their long‐term values.
Histomorphological and molecular profiling: friends not foes! Morpho‐molecular analysis reveals agreement between histological and molecular profiling
Authors: Hoberger Michael , von Laffert Maximilian , Heim Daniel , Klauschen Frederick 
Published: June 2019

AimsWhereas current cancer diagnosis largely relies on the well‐established organ and tissue typing of tumours, partially complemented by molecular properties, the comprehensive molecular profiling efforts of recent years have stimulated proposals for molecular reclassifications of tumours independently of anatomical origin. Proposals based only on mutational profiles show the least concordance with histotypes, whereas greater concordance is achieved when various genomic and proteomic data are included.Methods and resultsThe most comprehensive molecular reclassification of tumours, by Hoadley et al (Cell, 158, 2014; 929) and Hoadley et al (Cell, 173, 2018; 291), integrated multi‐omics data, and proposes novel molecular tumour classes. To investigate the relationship between the proposed molecular classes and the original histological tumour types, we re‐examined the histomorphology of molecularly reclassified cases. Our results show that the claimed molecular reclassification is associated with and explainable by specific histological subtypes in 70% of the reclassified cases.ConclusionTherefore, in contrast to the proclaimed reclassification and independence of molecular and histological tumour types, our analysis demonstrates that comprehensive molecular profiling, which includes gene expression and methylation as well as proteomic profiling in addition to mutational analyses, is largely consistent with histomorphological tumour properties.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of patients regarding interdental deplaquing devices: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Smith Avie Jackie , Moretti Antonio J. , Brame Jennifer , Wilder Rebecca S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis mixed‐methods study assessed patients' oral health literacy, motivation level and barriers regarding interdental plaque control.MethodsParticipants (n = 49) from a study comparing the use of Glide® Pro‐Health Floss Original (F) or GUM® Curved Soft‐Picks® Advance (SP) completed daily diaries and questionnaires regarding motivation, tiredness, confidence and satisfaction for their deplaquing method. The Mantel‐Haenszel chi‐square test was utilized. Data were also collected from 19 participants who attended focus group discussions regarding their oral health habits, knowledge, motivators and barriers with interdental plaque control. Discussions were digitally recorded, transcribed and imported into ATLAS.ti 7.5.15 to identify themes.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in relation to age, sex or ethnicity. F users reported statistically significant higher agreement about ability to remove food/debris (P = 0.01), cleaning thoroughly (P = 0.02) and clean feeling of the mouth (P = 0.01). SP users reported higher ease/efficiency of use (P = 0.01), convenience (P = 0.003), easy to hold (P = 0.0001) and easy use away from home (P = 0.008). Daily diaries revealed higher motivation and compliance/ease of use (SP). During the focus groups, some reported that they did not feel clean unless they deplaqued interdentally; however, most reported that they lacked motivation due to constraints on time, no desire due to lack of immediate or tangible rewards, and lack of knowledge on proper use of interdental devices or the benefits of using them.ConclusionThis study showed that the lack of compliance may be due to poor literacy and lack of motivation in patients due to gaps in patient education.
Influence of preparing conditions on the hot‐pressed sintering of transparent polycrystalline fluorite ceramics
Authors: Liu Zuodong , Gao Qi , Chang Fangfei , Jia Mengying , Wei Mengjun , Yi Guoqiang , Liu Peng , Jing Qiangshan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransparent polycrystalline fluorite ceramics were manufactured from naturally occurring fluorite mineral by a hot‐pressed sintering method. Naturally occurring fluorite minerals were ball milled by a planetary milling equipment. The phase structures of powders were single cubic fluorite phase, and diameters of fluorite powders were decreased from 100 to 20 μm with increasing ball milling duration. Influence of ball milling duration and sintering temperatures on optical properties of polycrystalline fluorite ceramics were studied systematically to obtain the optimum manufacturing process. For the mineral powders after 1 hours ball‐milling, the polycrystalline ceramic hot‐pressed at 1050°C exhibited the highest optical transmission. For a 2.5 mm thickness polycrystalline ceramic, the highest optical transmission at 500 and 1500 nm were about 60.1% and 75.7%, respectively.
The relationship between geographic range extent, sea surface temperature and adult traits in coastal temperate fishes
Authors: Goodman Maurice Codespoti , Hannah Shawn Michelle , Ruttenberg Benjamin Isaac 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimWe use publicly available data to assess the influence of ocean basin, various biological traits and sea surface temperature on biogeographic range extent for temperate, continental shelf fish species spanning 141 families.LocationCoastal waters of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.TaxonTeleost Fishes (Infraclass Teleostei).MethodsWe assess the relationship between species range extent and depth range, maximum body length, schooling behaviour and use of multiple habitats for 1,251 species of northern, temperate, continental shelf fishes in different basins (Atlantic vs. Pacific) and margins (east vs. west) using linear mixed‐effect models with family and genus as nested random effects. We further assess the relationship between species range endpoint distribution and latitudinal temperature gradient using generalized linear models.ResultsWe found strong positive relationships between the number of species northern range endpoints and the steepness of the latitudinal sea surface temperature gradient on the western margins of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but no relationship on the eastern margins of these ocean basins. The strongest predictors of range extent in our global model are ocean basin/margin and depth range. Maximum body length, schooling behaviour and use of multiple habitats are also significant predictors of range extent in the global model. The factors influencing range extent differ by basin and margin.Main conclusionsThere are broad differences in patterns of species range extent and distribution of species ranges among basins/margins. These differences appear to be driven in part by variation in latitudinal water temperature gradient between basin margins. Our data suggest that sharp latitudinal temperature gradients may pose a barrier to dispersal and range expansion along the western margins of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but not necessarily on the eastern margins. Our work also suggests that several post‐settlement traits may be associated with range extent either globally or in some temperate basins.
Characterization of macrophage polarization in periodontal disease
Authors: Garaicoa‐Pazmino Carlos , Fretwurst Tobias , Squarize Cristiane H. , Berglundh Tord , Giannobile William V. , Larsson Lena , Castilho Rogerio M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the M1/M2 status of macrophage polarization from healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis patient samples.Materials and methodsGingival biopsies were collected from 42 individuals (14 gingivitis, 18 periodontitis, and 10 healthy samples) receiving periodontal therapy. Histomorphology analysis was performed with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence was performed using a combination of CD68 (macrophages), iNOS (M1), and CD206 (M2) in order to acquire changes in macrophage polarization at a single‐cell resolution. Macrophages were quantified under microscopy using narrow wavelength filters to detect Alexa 488, Alexa 568, Alexa 633 fluorophores, and Hoechst 33342 to identify cellular DNA content.ResultsGingivitis and periodontitis samples showed higher levels of macrophages compared with healthy samples. Unexpectedly, periodontitis samples displayed lower levels of macrophages dispersed in the stromal tissues compared with gingivitis samples; however, it remained higher than healthy tissues. The polarization of macrophages appears to be reduced in periodontitis and showed similar levels to those observed in healthy tissues.ConclusionsOur study found that gingivitis and periodontitis differ from each other by the levels of macrophage infiltrate, but not by changes in macrophage polarization.
Heritabilities, social environment effects and genetic correlations of social behaviours in a cooperatively breeding vertebrate
Authors: Kasper Claudia , Schreier Tanja , Taborsky Barbara 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSocial animals interact frequently with conspecifics, and their behaviour is influenced by social context, environmental cues and the behaviours of interaction partners, allowing for adaptive, flexible adjustments to social encounters. This flexibility can be limited by part of the behavioural variation being genetically determined. Furthermore, behaviours can be genetically correlated, potentially constraining independent evolution. Understanding social behaviour thus requires carefully disentangling genetic, environmental, maternal and social sources of variations as well as the correlation structure between behaviours. Here, we assessed heritability, maternal, common environment and social effects of eight social behaviours inNeolamprologus pulcher, a cooperatively breeding cichlid. We bred wild‐caught fish in a paternal half‐sibling design and scored ability to defend a resource against conspecifics, to integrate into a group and the propensity to help defending the group territory (“helping behaviour”). We assessed genetic, social and phenotypic correlations within clusters of behaviours predicted to be functionally related, namely “competition,” “aggression,” “aggression‐sociability,” “integration” and “integration‐help.” Helping behaviour and two affiliative behaviours were heritable, whereas there was little evidence for a genetic basis in all other traits. Phenotypic social effects explained part of the variation in a sociable and a submissive behaviour, but there were no maternal or common environment effects. Genetic and phenotypic correlation within clusters was mostly positive. A group's social environment influenced covariances of social behaviours. Genetic correlations were similar in magnitude but usually exceeding the phenotypic ones, indicating that conclusions about the evolution of social behaviours in this species could be provisionally drawn from phenotypic data in cases where data for genetic analyses are unobtainable.
Use of an anteriorly based ventral tongue flap to reconstruct the lower vermilion following early‐stage cancer ablation
Authors: Yang Zhao‐hui , Zhou Bin , Zhong Jiang‐long , Chen Wei‐liang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundReconstruction of lower vermilion defects is surgically challenging.AimsThis study evaluated whether lower vermilion defects can be repaired using tongue flaps, and the reconstructive outcomes.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated 11 patients with early‐stage lower vermilion cancers who underwent lower vermilion reconstruction using anteriorly based ventral tongue flaps following cancer ablation. We treated eight males and three females aged 54‐67 years (median, 59.8 years). The defect/tongue flap dimensions ranged from 1.8 × 3.5 to 2.0 × 4.5 cm (median, 1.87 × 3.81 cm).ResultsNo major complication developed in any patient. The postoperative esthetic results, orbicularis oris functions, and speech functions were excellent in six, eight, and nine patients, and satisfactory in five, three, and two, respectively. The patients were followed up for 13‐36 months (median, 21.7 months); two local recurrences developed, and these patients underwent salvage surgeries.ConclusionsAn anteriorly based ventral tongue flap is a safe and feasible option for reconstruction of lower vermilion defects.
Accidental epiphytism in the Harz Mountains, Central Europe
Authors: Hoeber Vincent , Weichgrebe Tizian , Zotz Gerhard 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionsVascular epiphytes make up about 9% of all vascular plants globally but are clearly underrepresented in the temperate zones. The accidental epiphytic occurrence of terrestrial species, in contrast, is common at these latitudes and can provide important insights in the evolution of obligate epiphytes. Here, we present the results of the first two annual censuses of a planned long‐term study on accidental epiphytes. We particularly aim to identify: (a) the abundance and species richness of accidental epiphytes; (b) the dynamics of accidental epiphytism; (c) occupied substrates and microsites; and (d) suitable host tree species.LocationHarz Mountains, Germany, Central Europe.MethodsWe surveyed more than 1,200 trees in a low mountain range in two consecutive years for epiphytic individuals of vascular plants, considering host tree species and occupied microsites.ResultsAbout one quarter of the surveyed trees hosted epiphytic plants, totalling 1 450 (2016) and 1 350 (2017) individuals, respectively. These belonged to more than 100 species and 39 different families. The majority of epiphytic individuals newly emerged in 2017, whereas one‐third persisted since 2016 (or earlier) and a smaller proportion even reproduced in the epiphytic habitat. Accidental epiphytes were mostly restricted to host tree species providing water‐storing substrates such as extensive moss pads or arboreal soil accumulated in crotches. Compared to tropical epiphyte communities, accidental epiphytes in the temperate zones show a higher turnover, as they are less consistent in species abundance and composition in time.ConclusionFor the majority of the observed species, epiphytism indeed is an accidental phenomenon. Undoubtedly, abiotic conditions limit the occurrence of obligate epiphytes at higher latitudes, but the presence and persistence of numerous epiphytic individuals illustrate that abiotic conditions do not per se preclude epiphytic occurrence of vascular plants in the north‐temperate zone. Besides water shortage, the availability of suitable host trees is a decisive environmental factor that contributes to limit epiphytism of vascular plants in Central Europe.
Prevalence and impact of sarcopenia in non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension
Authors: Lattanzi Barbara , Gioia Stefania , Di Cola Simone , D’Ambrosio Daria , Nardelli Silvia , Tavano Daniele , Farcomeni Alessio , Merli Manuela , Riggio Oliviero 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsLittle is known on nutritional parameters in patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and idiopathic non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH). The study aims to assess the prevalence and the clinical impact of sarcopenia in patients with non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). A control group of cirrhotic patients was also studied. Both groups were followed up to establish the relationship between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes.MethodsSixty‐seven patients with NCPH (51 PVT and 16 INCPH) were included in the study group and 104 patients with liver cirrhosis in the control group. The axial plane passing through the intersomatic disk between L3 and L4 was evaluated for the quantitative analysis of muscle mass and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated. The presence of sarcopenia was established according to SMI validated cut off.ResultsSarcopenia was present in the 38% of patients with INCPH, 35% of patients with chronic PVT, 32% of patients with compensated cirrhosis and 54% of decompensated cirrhotics. During a mean follow‐up of 51 ± 62 months, there was no difference in sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic patients with NCPH for incidence of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal varices, variceal bleeding and death. However, the incidence of refractory variceal bleeding requiring TIPS placement was significantly higher in comparison with the non‐sarcopenic ones (29% vs 7%, P = 0.01 at log‐rank test).ConclusionsIn patients with NCPH sarcopenia is similar to that observed in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, the rate of refractory variceal bleeding was higher in sarcopenic patients suggesting a clinical negative impact of muscle depletion.
Permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters for palliation of refractory ascites in end‐stage liver disease: A systematic review
Authors: Macken Lucia , Hashim Ahmed , Mason Louise , Verma Sumita 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsThe incidence and mortality from end‐stage liver disease is increasing, with a minority eligible for liver transplantation. Ascites is the commonest complication of end‐stage liver disease and large volume paracentesis (LVP) the accepted management strategy where refractory to medical treatment. In malignant ascites, permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters (PIPC) are an established palliative intervention. The aims are to describe available data using permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters in refractory ascites due to end‐stage liver disease.MethodsUsing systematic review methodology, databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL [The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature], Google Scholar and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception‐March 2018), for studies combining ascites and palliative care. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to results.ResultsFollowing initial and updated searches, 225 studies were identified for full text review, 18 were eligible for final analysis. The studies displayed heterogeneity in design, reported on different indwelling catheters and were overall of low quality. Only one pilot randomised controlled trial was identified, of PIPC versus LVP, recruiting one patient into each arm. Technical insertion success was 100%, with low rates of non‐infectious complications (<12%), none life threatening. Rates of bacterial peritonitis were not unacceptably high (12.7%), considering this was an end‐stage liver disease population and only a minority utilising long‐term prophylactic antibiotics. Only one study attempted quality‐of‐life assessments; none addressed potential health economic benefits.ConclusionsDespite lack of well‐designed studies, preliminary data suggests low significant complication rates; however safety and efficacy of permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters in end‐stage liver disease remains to be confirmed. Further prospective randomised controlled trials are warranted, potentially translating permanent indwelling peritoneal catheters into improved palliative care in end‐stage liver disease.