bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Педагогическая практика обучения экономическим дисциплинам с использованием элементов искусственного интеллекта
Authors: Ж.В. Смирнова , А.А. Пермовский , В.А. Полянская 
Published: November 2024

образовательный процесс является наиважнейшей составляющей в жизни каждого индивидуума. В процессе обучения обучающийся изучает широкий перечень различных дисциплин, а также определяет для себя дальнейшую профессиональную траекторию, в которой планирует самоопределяться и развиваться в будущем. Обучение по программам высшего образования занимает существенную долю жизненного цикла человека в связи с чем эффективная и качественная организация образовательного процесса является приоритетной задачей на правительственном уровне. На современном этапе система высшего образования базируется на сочетании федеральных образовательных стандартов и широкого перечня учебно-методических программ. С целью непрерывного повышения заинтересованности абитуриентов и студентов к получению образования особенно важно, чтобы образовательная система, программы высшего образования своевременно адаптировалась под текущие реалии и запросы в вопросах обеспечения качественного образовательного контента с использованием актуальной информации. С это целью, авторами статьи представлено теоретическое обоснование актуальности и значимости внедрения инструментов искусственного интеллекта в педагогическую практику организации образовательного процесса по экономическим дисциплинам, для своевременной актуализации учебного процесса, а также развития критического мышления и повышения собственного интереса к изучению экономических дисциплин.
the educational process is the most important component in the life of each individual. In the process of learning, the student studies a wide range of different disciplines, and also determines for himself/herself a further professional trajectory, in which he/she plans to self-determine and develop in the future. Training in higher education programs takes up a significant part of a person's life cycle, therefore, the effective and high-quality organization of the educational process is a priority task at the government level. At the present stage, the higher education system is based on a combination of federal educational standards and a wide range of groups of educational and methodological programs. In order to continuously increase the interest of applicants and students in obtaining an education, it is especially important that the educational system and higher education programs promptly adapt to current realities and demands in matters of providing high-quality educational content using up-to-date information. For this purpose, the authors of the article provide a theoretical justification for the relevance and significance of introducing artificial intelligence tools into the pedagogical practice of organizing the educational process in economic disciplines, for the timely updating of the educational process, as well as the development of critical thinking and increasing one’s own interest in studying economic disciplines.
Overview of Self Adjustment Students Based On Personality Types
Authors: Shofia Atikah Rahma , Syukur Yarmis 
Published: November 2024

The research is motivated by the phenomenon of many students struggling to adapt to the school environment. Self-adjustment is crucial for students, particularly in the 10th grade. Personality is one of the factors that influences self-adjustment. The research sample consisted of 187 X grade students from SMAN 1 Kubung, selected using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The research instruments included self-adjustment questionnaires and personality type questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and the t-test. The research results show: (1) the self-adjustment level of X grade students at SMAN 1 Kubung is in the high category, (2) the self-adjustment level of students with an introverted personality type is in the high category, (3) the self-adjustment level of students with an extroverted personality type is in the high category, and (4) Ha is rejected, there is no significant difference between the adjustment of students with the Introvert and Extrovert personality types at SMAN 1 Kubung. In an effort to help alleviate student adjustment problems, guidance and counseling services that can be provided include orientation services, informational services, and group counseling services.
Превентивная консервация как основа деятельности реставратора
Authors: Ф.Ю. Бобров 
Published: November 2024

Публикация предлагает русский перевод главы «Основная деятельности реставратора» из книги одного из основателей реставрационной науки в Канаде и широко известного теоретика и практика реставрации Филипа Варда «The Nature of Conservation: Race against Time» (Природа консервации: гонка со временем», 1986), которая посвящена базовым основам профессии реставратора. Таковыми Ф. Вард видит меры превентивной консервации, формулирует основы данного вида реставрационной деятельности, в настоящее время получившего самую глубокую теоретическую проработку. Комментарии к переводу включают некоторые примеры практической реализации в рамках учебного процесса методик консервации-реставрации произведений живописи, основанных на идеях превентивной консервации.
The publication presents a Russian translation of the chapter “The primary activities of conservator” from the book by one of the founders of restoration science in Canada, and the well-known theorist and practicing conservator Philip Ward “The Nature of Conservation: A Race Against Time”, devoted to the fundamentals of the profession of a conservator – to the preventive conservation measures. Philip Ward formulates the basic principles of this type of restoration activity, which has currently received deep theoretical elaboration. Comments on the translation include some cases of practical, applied implementation of conservation-restoration techniques of paintings within the educational process, based on the ideas of preventive conservation.
Деструкция архитектурного ландшафта городов-крепостей Шведской империи: типология и методика определения
Authors: Ф.Ю. Тышковский 
Published: November 2024

В статье на материале городов-крепостей Шведской империи анализируется проблема деструкции их архитектурного ландшафта, к середине XIX в. обострившаяся вследствие массового сноса городских укреплений. Разрабатывается типология пространственных связей восприятия, генерируемых фортификационными комплексами (связи движения, событийные связи и визуальные связи). На основе сравнительного художественного анализа, выполненного иконографическим и натурным методом, вырабатывается универсальная методика, позволяющая по двум критериям: проценту физической утраты укреплений и их выявленности в городской ткани (степени сохранности пространственных связей) определять степень деструкции архитектурного ландшафта. Классифицируется шесть типов, для каждого типа выделяются категории утраченных и потенциально возможных для регенерации пространственных связей.
The article, based on the material of the fortified cities of the Swedish Empire, analyzes the problem of the destruction of their architectural landscape, by the middle of the 19th century aggravated due to massive demolition of city fortifications. A typology of spatial connections of perception generated by fortification complexes (movement connections, event connections and visual connections) is being developed. Based on a comparative artistic analysis carried out by iconographic and natural methods, a universal methodology is developed. It allows us to determine the degree of destruction of the architectural landscape according to two criteria: the percentage of physical loss of fortifications and their identification in the urban environment (the degree of preservation of the complex of spatial connections). 6 types are classified. For each type, categories of lost and potentially possible for regeneration spatial connections are identified.
Три иконы св. равноапостольной Нины. Особенности формирования новой иконографии
Authors: Н.С. Кутейникова 
Published: November 2024

В статье впервые рассмотрены три иконы св. равноап. Нины, созданные в ХХI в. псковскими и петербургскими мастерами и объединенные общим сюжетом. Отмечен уникальный характер решения этих образов в творчестве иконописца Ю. Филиппова и мастера золотного шиться В. Казариной. Особенности раскрытия сюжета в иконографии икон позволяют не только определить их художественный уровень, но и впервые выделить одну из тенденций современной иконописи – документализм. Выявлены его различные формы как определяющие в характеристике образов и сюжетов, определена роль повествовательности и символики в их прочтении. Наряду с рассмотренными иконами св. Нины приведены примеры использования различных форм документализма в иконах петербургских художников Г. Панайотова и Д. Мироненко. Обращается внимание на роль профессионального образования иконописцев (композиция, рисунок, колорит) в образном решении икон. Сделана попытка кратко охарактеризовать тенденции документализма в иконописи Древней Руси. Подчеркнута роль традиций в современной иконописи мастеров Северо-Запада.
The article for the first time considers three icons of St Nina Equal-to-the-Apostles, created in the 21st century by masters of the North-West of Russia (St Petersburg – Pskov) and united by a common subject. The unique nature of the solution of these images in the work of the icon painter Y. Filippov and the master of the gold embroidery V. Kazarina is noted. The peculiarities of the subject presentation in the iconography of icons make it possible not only to determine the level of their artistic merit, but also for the first time to highlight one of the trends of modern icon painting – documentalism. Its various forms as determining the characteristics of images and subjects are revealed, the role of narrative and symbolism in their interpretation is emphasized. In parallel with the considered icons of St. Nina, the examples of the use of forms of documentalism in the works of icon painters of the northern capital – G. Panayotov and D. Mironenko – are given. Attention to the role of professional education (composition, drawing, color scheme) in the imaginative solution of icons is drawn. An attempt is made to briefly characterize the trends of documentalism in the icon painting of Old Russia and later period, up to the early 20th century. The role of traditions of the masters of the northern capital in the modern icon painting is emphasized.
With Fear, Favor, and Flawed Analysis: Decision-Making in U.S. Immigration Courts
Authors: Musalo Karen , Law Anna , Daher Annie , Donato Katharine , Meiners Chelsea 
Published: November 2024

Immigration judges (IJs), housed within the Executive Office for Immigration Review within the Department of Justice (DOJ), make decisions in asylum and withholding claims, which are life or death matters. And although their title is “judge,” IJs are DOJ attorneys who lack independence and are particularly susceptible to political pressures. Federal court judges and scholars alike have criticized the quality and fairness of IJ decision-making, and many studies have been carried out to better understand the factors that impact it. The prior studies have relied principally on quantitative data because IJ decisions are not publicly available or searchable in any existing database.
The authors of this study had unprecedented access to more than five hundred IJ decisions, allowing for both a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Our findings were consistent with other studies in noting that IJ experience and gender made a difference in case outcomes, with male IJs and IJs with enforcement backgrounds denying protection at higher rates. We were able to identify other significant trends as well, including that the most common reasons why IJs denied protection to credible asylum seekers were their findings that they failed to meet the extremely stringent requirements of two elements of the refugee definition—elements which arguably are overly restrictive and inconsistent with international norms. We also observed patterns of incompetence and bias among these decisions.
This Article recommends several policy reforms to address the shortcomings we identify, among them: (1) the creation of Article I immigration courts, (2) improvement of IJ competence through more stringent hiring standards and continuing education, (3) increased diversity of IJs based on employment experience, (4) reduced deference to the Board of Immigration Appeals in reviewing cases, and (5) allocating additional resources to immigration adjudication.
The Influence Of Playing With Plasticine On The Development Of Children's Creativity At TK Negeri Satap Sibargot Village
Authors: Nursani Rambe  , Soybatul Aslamiah Ritonga  , Azhar  
Published: November 2024

Playing with playdough is a constructive play. Creativity generates a new idea that connects with the previous one, creating something new. The problem formulation in this research is "Is there an influence of using plasticine media on the development of early childhood creativity at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot." The research aims to determine the effect of plasticine media on developing creativity in early childhood at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot. This research uses a quasi-experimental quantitative research design with a control class, where the experimental class consists of 15 children and the control class consists of 15 children. Data were collected using the observation guideline technique of the child creativity development research instrument. The analysis technique uses data homogeneity, normality, and paired sample t test/hypothesis testing techniques.
Hypothesis analysis is used to test the hypothesis using the t-test in the SPSS 17 program, namely, t-test = 15.453 sig 0.000. Therefore, the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.520 > 0.000 means that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Thus, the research hypothesis stating that using colored flour playdough media affects the development of creativity in early childhood at TK Negeri Satap Desa Sibargot is accepted as true.
Research by scientists of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Chernobyl accident zone
Authors: Sokerin Timofei Anatolevich 
Published: November 2024

The subject of the study is the activity of scientists from the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the area of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. In 1986–1992, researchers from the Institute of Biology worked in the Chernobyl accident zone. The foundation for scientists to conduct scientific research in the area of the accident was laid by the long-term scientific activity of radioecologists of the Institute of Biology in the Komi ASSR. The methodological basis of the work was based on the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, and an interdisciplinary approach that made it possible to explain phenomena and events using the knowledge of several scientific disciplines. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that it shows for the first time the connection between radioecological research and environmental history. Based on archival documents and published sources, the importance of radioecological research in the context of ecohistory was revealed for the first time. It is shown that the research of scientists from the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was carried out within the framework of scientific research aimed at a comprehensive study of the consequences of a radiation accident. The scientific staff of the Institute of Biology prepared recommendations for the elimination of its consequences and obtained results that contributed to the development of radioecology. It was found that the radioecological studies conducted in the accident zone were closely related to the environmental history, and their results make it possible to protect ecosystems from the effects of radiation.
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis was the specific risk factors of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus spine infection: a retrospective study in a single center
Authors: Endo Kaori 
Published: November 2024

Aim
To investigate how risk factors and reduced spinal mobility contribute to spinal infections arising from methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia, known for increased mortality and diagnostic difficulties, especially in patients with septic shock or coma.

Methods
This retrospective study divided MSSA bacteremia patients into three groups: spinal infections (Group A, n = 14), non-spinal/implant infections (Group B, n = 24), and implant-related infections (Group C, n = 21). Analyses focused on demographics, medical history, laboratory inflammatory markers at antibiotic initiation, and spinal pathologies detected by CT. All results of the statistical analyses were significant at P < 0.05. We employed multinomial univariable logistic regression and contingency table analysis to assess risk factors across three groups. Subsequently, binomial multivariable logistic regression was used to compare Group A against Groups B and C, successfully identifying significant predictors of spinal infection.

Results
A lower incidence of diabetes (p = 0.029), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at onset (p = 0.014), and the presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH); p = 0.022) were significantly associated with spinal infections in Group A. Furthermore, binomial analysis revealed DISH (Odds Ratio (OR) = 41.750; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.86–939.0]; p = 0.019), absence of diabetes (OR = 1.20, CI [1.01–1.43], p = 0.038), elevated CRP (OR = 23.34, CI [1.13–483.4], p = 0.042), and a lower day 3/day 1 white blood cell (WBC) ratio (OR = 0.964, CI [0.93–1.00], p = 0.047) as risk factors when compared with other groups.

Conclusion
Spinal infection patients with MSSA bacteremia are less likely to have diabetes and more likely to have higher initial CRP levels and DISH. Notably, DISH might be emerging as a distinctive risk factor for spinal infection, underscoring its potential as a marker for clinical awareness.
Exergetic approach to the understanding of built environment—state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Shukuya Masanori 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExergy is a thermodynamic concept that allows us to articulate what is consumed and where it occurs in a working system. This paper provides an overview of the present state‐of‐the‐art of exergy research done by the author over the last 3 decades. In this paper, first, a brief introduction of warm and cool exergy concepts as quantities of state and flow, which can be rationally derived from the 2 fundamental laws of thermodynamics, is presented. Then, 3 typical applications are demonstrated: (a) exergetic evaluation of window systems with shading devices; (b) human body exergy analysis for summer seasons; and (c) exergetic evaluation of a heat‐pump system. Thorough and connective thinking with the concept of exergy helps us understand the essential points in environmental planning and design of the built environment.
Autism: Animal Models
Authors: Bauman Melissa D , Crawley Jacqueline N , Berman Robert F 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by deficits in social interaction, social communication, sensory abnormalities, stereotyped and repetitive behaviours, and restricted interests. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has proven difficult to study because of the diversity of its behavioural symptoms, complex genetics and lack of ubiquitous biomarkers. Progress in the development of heuristic animal models has allowed investigators to model some of the core symptoms of autism, including deficits in social interactions, aspects of social communication and stereotyped, repetitive behaviours. Specific hypotheses can now be formulated and tested in mouse, rat and non‐human primate models. Translational applications of animal models have advanced the discovery of therapeutic interventions for treating the core features of ASD. This article describes some of the major behavioural approaches and animal models designed to study neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on ASDs.

Key Concepts

Autism is a complex disorder whose underlying biology is being studied using rodent and non‐human primate animal models.

Rodents and non‐human primates are social animals with rich and complex behavioural repertories that make them useful for modelling neurodevelopmental disorders.

Many of the behaviours that reflect core deficits in autism, including social communication, social interaction, motor stereotypies and repetitive behaviours, can be modelled in rodents and non‐human primates.

Inbred strains of mice can be used to discover genes important for the expression of complex behaviours and can provide insights into the neurobiology of social interactions and social communication.

Mice and rats with targeted mutations in risk genes and deletions identified in people with autism provide research tools for investigating mechanistic substrates of the disorder and for discovering therapeutic interventions.

Animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders, while important and useful, typically only model specific aspects of a disorder rather that recapitulating its full symptomatology.
Guard Cell Metabolism
Authors: Cândido‐Sobrinho Silvio A , Lima Valéria F , Daloso Danilo M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGuard cells are found in leaf epidermis as a pair of cells surrounding the stomatal pore. Stomatal aperture is regulated by the metabolism of guard cells according to the prevailing environmental condition. Guard cell metabolism is thus adapted to support stomatal movement, which demands a high control of osmolytes content within the cell as well as the need to balance the exchange of ions and metabolites between the cytoplasm and the apoplastic space. Guard cells have several characteristics of sink cells. This is probably an alternative given the low photosynthetic rate and the few number of chloroplasts found in these cells. The glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the degradation of starch and lipids seem to be activated in the light to support stomatal opening. This indicates that guard cell metabolism is differentially regulated compared to mesophyll cells. The particularities of guard cell metabolism are reviewed here.Key ConceptsStomatal aperture controls water use efficiency by modulating CO2and H2O exchanges between the leaf and the atmosphere.Changes in osmolyte concentration within guard cells regulate stomatal aperture.Signals from mesophyll cells are known to alter stomatal movements.Malate imported from mesophyll cells or produced within guard cells is involved on stomatal movement regulation.Guard cells have several characteristics of sink cells.It seems likely that photosynthesis in guard cell chloroplasts is mainly related to provide ATP and NADPH required for turgor control rather than producing carbohydrates.Lipids, starch and sucrose are degraded during light‐induced stomatal opening.Mitochondria metabolism is important to maintain guard cell energetic demands.