bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical pentoxifylline for pressure ulcer treatment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Najafi Elham , Ahmadi Motahareh , Mohammadi Mostafa , Beigmohammadi Mohammad-Taghi , Heidary Zinat , Vatanara Alireza , Khalili Hossein 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of topical pentoxifylline (PTX) on pressure ulcer (PU) healing in critically ill patients. Method: In this randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, patients with category I or II PUs were randomly assigned to receive either topical PTX 5% or a placebo twice daily for 14 days. Changes in PU characteristics (category and size) were assessed. The category of the PU was determined by the Stirling Pressure Ulcer Severity Scale (two-digit) at baseline (day zero), day seven and day 14 of treatment. PU length and width was measured with a disposable ruler and expressed as cm2. Results: A total of 112 adult patients were enrolled in the study. Median PU size and score at day zero were 32 (10.00–69.33)cm2 and 1(1.00–2.00) respectively. In the PTX group, the mean differences (95% confidence interval, CI) of all PU scores and sizes decreased significantly across the intervals (day seven versus day zero, day 14 versus day zero, and day 14 versus day seven), compared with the placebo group Conclusion: The severity and size of PUs improved significantly in patients who received topical PTX 5% ointment twice a day for 14 days compared with those in the placebo group. Topical PTX may be considered as a potential option in the treatment of categories I and II PUs in critically ill patients.
Postoperative wound management with negative pressure wound therapy in knee and hip surgery: a randomised control trial
Authors: Giannini Sandro , Mazzotti Antonio , Luciani Deianira , Lullini Giada , Tedesco Giuseppe , Andreoli Isabella , Cadossi Matteo , Faldini Cesare 
Published: August 2018

Objective:To compare the effectiveness in wound healing of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) versus a standard dressing in patients who underwent hip or knee revision surgery.Method:Participating patients scheduled for hip and knee prosthetic revision were randomised into two groups: one receiving standard povidone-iodine gauze and patch wound dressing (control group) and the other NPWT over the sutured wound area (NPWT group). Patients were evaluated by means of ASEPSIS score, occurrence of blisters, visual analogue scale (VAS) and dressing changes seven days after surgery. We hypothesised a five-point difference in ASEPSIS scores as clinically relevant.Results:A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean ASEPSIS score was 5.1 for the control group and 3.0 for the NPWT group, with a significant difference in the ASEPSIS score between groups (p<0.001), although this was not clinically relevant. Considering patients with more than three risk factors for healing complication, a statistical difference of >5 points ASEPSIS score was recorded (p<0.0005). Blister occurrence, VAS score and number of dressing changes were significantly lower in the NPWT group.Conclusion:The results of this study do not support the routine use of NPWT after hip and knee revision. However, it could be beneficial for selected patients once specific risk factors for wound healing complications have been determined.
Jantzen filtration and strong linkage principle for modular Lie superalgebras
Authors: Pan Lei , Shu Bin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce super Weyl groups, their distinguished elements and properties for basic classical Lie superalgebras. Then we formulate Jantzen filtration for baby Verma modules in graded restricted module categories of basic classical Lie superalgebras over an algebraically closed field of odd characteristic, and obtain a sum formula in the corresponding Grothendieck groups. Consequently, we formulate a strong linkage principle for such categories.
Sensing Home: Designing an Open Tool That Lets People Collect and Interpret Simple Sensor Data from Their Homes
Authors: Berger Arne , Kurze Albrecht , Totzauer Sören , Storz Michael , Lefeuvre Kevin , Bischof Andreas , Freiermuth Mira 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Internet of Things in the home is a design space with huge potential. With sensors getting smaller and cheaper, smart sensor equipped objects will become an integral, preinstalled part of the future home. With this article we will reflect on Sensing Home, a design tool to explore sensors in the home together with people. Sensing Home allows people to integrate sensors and connectivity into mundane domestic products in order to make them smart. As such, it can be used by people to experience and explore sensors in the home and daily life. They may explore possible use cases, appropriate sensor technology, and learn about this technology through use. At the same time people may also be empowered to understand the issues and implications of sensors in the home. We present the design rationale of Sensing Home, five usage examples of how Sensing Home allowed people to explore sensor technology, and the deployment of Sensing Home together with a self-developed group discussion method to empower people to understand the benefits and pitfalls of sensors in their home. The article ends with a brief reflection whether Sensing Home is a probe or a toolkit.
Digital Probes Kit
Authors: Koch Daniel , Maaß Susanne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
(Cultural) probes have been used in various software design projects and HCI contexts over the last years. With the ubiquity of smartphones today, there are new ways to design probes material as digital probes. Smartphones allow to document everyday life in situ in mobile contexts and provide a permanent channel for communication between researchers and participants. Based on an analysis of strengths and weaknesses of traditional probes, we propose a concept for a Digital Probes Kit in the form of a digital diary and describe its potential.
A generalized class of restricted Stirling and Lah numbers
Authors: Mansour Toufik , Shattuck Mark 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a polynomial generalization, denoted by

u
m

a
,
b

$\begin{array}{}
u_m^{a,b}
\end{array}$

(n, k), of the restricted Stirling numbers of the first and second kind, which reduces to these numbers when a = 1 and b = 0 or when a = 0 and b = 1, respectively. If a = b = 1, then

u
m

a
,
b

$\begin{array}{}
u_m^{a,b}
\end{array}$

(n, k) gives the cardinality of the set of Lah distributions on n distinct objects in which no block has cardinality exceeding m with k blocks altogether. We derive several combinatorial properties satisfied by

u
m

a
,
b

$\begin{array}{}
u_m^{a,b}
\end{array}$

(n, k) and some additional properties in the case when a = b = 1. Our results not only generalize previous formulas found for the restricted Stirling numbers of both kinds but also yield apparently new formulas for these numbers in several cases. Finally, an exponential generating function formula is derived for

u
m

a
,
b

$\begin{array}{}
u_m^{a,b}
\end{array}$

(n, k) as well as for the associated Cauchy numbers.
On generalized 4-th root metrics of isotropic scalar curvature
Authors: Tayebi Akbar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBy an interesting physical perspective and a suitable contraction of the Riemannian curvature tensor in Finsler geometry, Akbar-Zadeh introduced the notion of scalar curvature for the Finsler metrics. A Finsler metric is called of isotropic scalar curvature if the scalar curvature depends on the position only. In this paper, we study the class of generalized 4-th root metrics. These metrics generalize 4-th root metrics which are used in Biology as ecological metrics. We find the necessary and sufficient condition under which a generalized 4-th root metric is of isotropic scalar curvature. Then, we find the necessary and sufficient condition under which the conformal change of a generalized 4-th root metric is of isotropic scalar curvature. Finally, we characterize the Bryant metrics of isotropic scalar curvature.
Manufacture of high bulk paper using alkali swollen kraft pulp
Authors: Choi Kyoung-Hwa , Kim Ah Ram , Cho Byoung-Uk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEffects of alkali swelling of kraft pulp fibers and the order of alkali swelling and beating treatments on paper bulk and paper strength were evaluated in terms of NaOH concentration in order to produce high bulk sheet (i. e., high porous and low density sheet). Effects of replacement of part of furnish with the alkali swollen pulp on paper properties were also investigated. It was found that alkali swelling of pulp fiber can increase the bulk of handsheet. NaOH concentration and beating treatment influenced paper bulk and paper strength. Alkali swollen pulp without beating showed the highest handsheet bulk. The paper bulk of alkali swollen pulp with pre-beating was higher than that with post-beating. Paper strength decreased with increasing the bulk of handsheet. In addition, replacement of part of furnish with alkali swollen pulps increased paper bulk, adversely decreasing paper strength. The highest improvement in paper bulk was achieved with the addition of alkali swollen SwBKP without beating.
Silver polymer nanocomposites by photoreduction of AgNO3 and simultaneous photocrosslinking of the acrylic matrix: effect of PVP on Ag particle formation
Authors: Nazar Rabia , Sangermano Marco , Vitale Alessandra , Bongiovanni Roberta 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We studied the effect of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and its concentrations on the photoinduced formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as well as Ag-polymer nanocomposites. First, the effect of PVP concentration on the photoinduced reduction of Ag nitrate (AgNO3) in solution was studied by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy monitoring the plasmon band of Ag. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) results showed that Ag NPs formed in the presence of stabilizer up to 4 wt% were narrower; the size distribution was also narrower. The PVP also had a significant influence on the formation of polymer nanocomposites by simultaneous photoinduced synthesis of NPs and polymerization of the acrylic matrix; NPs embedded in the crosslinked polymer were well dispersed, as detected by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and showed an average diameter of 20 nm.
The Resistance to Stoic Blending
Authors: Harven Vanessa de 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This paper rehabilitates the Stoic conception of blending from the ground up, by freeing the Stoic conception of body from three interpretive presuppositions. First, the twin hylomorphic presuppositions that where there is body there is matter, and that where there is reason or quality there is an incorporeal. Then, the atomistic presupposition that body is absolutely full and rigid, and the attendant notion that resistance (antitupia) must be ricochet. I argue that once we clear away these presuppositions about body, the foundations of Stoic corporealism fall into place. Body is fundamental (not hylomorphic). The two fundamental principles (archai) are bodies: divine active reason (logos) and passive matter (hulē); and these two bodies are two, not matter and form all over again, nor actual and potential, but agent and patient. The independence of the two archai is no threat to the unity of the cosmos, however, because the Stoic theory of body allows for the complete coextension of the archai. The hylomorphic thinker rightly asks, what relation could be tighter than that of the wax and its shape? The Stoic replies: a causal relation, the interaction of agent and patient completely coextended in a through and through blend.
Why is the Cosmos Intelligent? (1)
Authors: Salles Ricardo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The present paper studies a family of Stoic proofs of the intelligence of the cosmos, i. e. of the thesis that the cosmos is intelligent in the strong sense that it is, as a whole, something that thinks. This family, ‘F2’, goes back to a proof, ‘XP’, found in Philebus 29a9–30 a8 and Xenophon Mem. 1.4.8. F2 infers the intelligence of the cosmos, as XP does, from (i) the general idea that our intelligence proceeds from the cosmos, which is the ultimate cause of why we are intelligent, and (ii) the further claim that, since this is so, the cosmos itself must be intelligent. They differ from one another, however, in how they account for (i). In this paper, I present a new reason for why the accounts are different, that complements those given by David Sedley in a recent and important study of Stoic cosmology (Sedley 2007). Based on the analogy between intelligence and the four elements, XP puts forward the idea that the intelligence currently present in us is a portion of cosmic intelligence that has separated from it at some point in the past, and that has travelled from the outside cosmos to us. In contrast, the theory used by F2 to explain the generation of human intelligence is grounded not in the notions of separation and locomotion, but in that of transmission of a state. As I argue in some detail, the separation-locomotion model and the transmission model are not only different from each other, but also logically independent from one another: in general terms, neither entails the other. This transmission model used by the Stoics in a proof of the intelligence of the cosmos, I submit, is a major innovation in ancient cosmological and metaphysical thinking.
Passion, Impulse, and Action in Stoicism
Authors: Meyer Susan Sauvé 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A familiar interpretation of the Stoic doctrine of the πάθη runs as follows:

The Stoics claim the πάθη are impulses (ὁρμαί).
The Stoics take impulses to be causes of action.
So, the Stoics think the πάθη are causes of action

Premise (1) is uncontroversial, but the evidence for (2) needs to be reconsidered. I argue that the Stoics have two distinct but related conceptions of ὁρμή – a psychological construal and a behavioural construal. On the psychological construal (2) is true, but there is strong evidence that (1) is true only on the behavioural construal. That is, when the Stoics classify πάθη as impulses they are thinking of them not as impulses to act, but as cases of action in their own right.
Wear Behavior of Al-Based Nanocomposites Reinforced with Bimodal Micro- and Nano-Sized Al2O3 Particles Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Sadeghi B. , Shamanian M. , Ashrafizadeh F. , Cavaliere P. , Rizzo A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) has been recognized, in the recent past, as a very useful method to produce metal matrix composites with enhanced mechanical and wear properties. Obviously, the material’s final properties are strongly related to the reinforcement types and percentages and the particles’ distribution, as well as to the processing parameters employed during synthesis. The present article analyzes the effect of microscopic and nanometric alumina particles, blended to pure aluminum in different combinations, on the final properties of metal matrix composites produced via SPS. A strong variation in the microstructural behavior, mechanical, and wear properties has been observed by varying the nano- to micro-alumina particles’ percentage and the distribution of the ceramic particles blended with aluminum ones.
Dynamic Modeling and Explicit Control of a PEM Water Electrolysis Process
Authors: Ogumerem Gerald S. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hydrogen production from water electrolysis has the potential to mitigate the intermittency associated with power generated from variable renewable energy. In addition, proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) has gained attention within the last decade because of its relative advantage over other water electrolysis technologies. However, the high cost of operation that is due to its energy intensity has been a major setback. In this work, we develop an optimal operating strategy for the PEMWE process using the parametric optimization and control framework. First, we present a dynamic mathematical model of the PEMWE that captures the detailed electrochemical interaction, transport phenomenon, bubble coverage, and other interactions associated with energy losses in the system. Secondly, we design a model predictive control (MPC), which is then reformulated into a multiparametric model predictive control (mp-MPC). Unlike the MPC, the mp-MPC avoids the online optimization procedure at every time step because the optimization is done once and offline. The control action is an explicit function of parameters that are realized during the process. The controller is tested on the original dynamic model in a closed loop validation scheme.
Differential Involvement of Kinase Activity of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IIα in Hippocampus- and Amygdala-Dependent Memory Revealed by Kinase-Dead Knock-In Mouse
Authors: Yamagata Yoko , Yanagawa Yuchio , Imoto Keiji 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCa2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) is a key mediator of activity-dependent neuronal modifications and has been implicated in the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. Indeed, several types of CaMKIIα knock-in (KI) and knock-out (KO) mice revealed impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and behavioral learning. On the other hand, a similar role for CaMKIIα has been implicated in amygdala-dependent memory, but detailed analyses have not much been performed yet. To better understand its involvement in amygdala-dependent memory as compared to hippocampus-dependent memory, here we performed biochemical analyses and behavioral memory tests using the kinase-dead CaMKIIα (K42R)-KI mouse. In the Morris water maze tasks, homozygous mutants performed well in the visible platform trials, while they failed to form spatial memory in the hippocampus-dependent hidden platform trials. In fear conditioning, these mice were impaired but showed a certain level of amygdala-dependent cued fear memory, which lasted four weeks, while they showed virtually no hippocampus-dependent context discrimination. Neither stronger stimulation nor repetitive stimulation compensated for their memory deficits. The differential outcome of hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory in the mutant mouse was not due to differential expression of CaMKIIα between the hippocampus and the amygdala, because biochemical analyses revealed that both kinase activity and protein levels of CaMKII were indistinguishable between the two brain regions. These results indicate that kinase activity of CaMKIIα is indispensable for hippocampus-dependent memory, but not necessarily for amygdala-dependent memory. There may be a secondary, CaMKIIα activity-independent pathway, in addition to the CaMKIIα activity-dependent pathway, in the acquisition of amygdala-dependent memory.
Outcomes of pubertal development in girls as a function of pubertal onset age
Authors: German A , Shmoish M , Belsky J , Hochberg Z 
Published: August 2018

Background
The relationship between pubertal onset and tempo and pubertal growth is controversial. We hypothesized that the age at onset of girls’ puberty predicts pubertal tempo and the rate of pubertal progression.

Methods
We analyzed the data of 380 girls from the prospective Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) who were recruited in the USA from 1991 to 2006 and followed from birth to age 15.5 years. We used the following indicators: thelarche age (Tanner stage B2), pubarche age (P2), menarche age (M), the age when breast (B5) and pubic hair (P5) became fully mature, pubertal growth, pubertal duration (time from B2 to B5) and pubertal progression (time from B2 to M). We clustered the girls according to B2 age into early onset (EO; <9.4 years), intermediate (IO; 9.4–10.5 years), late onset (LO; >10.5 years).

Results
All indicators of pubertal onset and conclusion occurred earlier in the EOs than in the LOs; yet, the differences in the age at main pubertal milestones lessened as puberty progressed: 2 years for B2; −1.4 years for M; −1 year for B5. In EOs, puberty was 1 year (average) longer than in LOs. Although EOs grew 7 cm (average) more than LOs, their heights at B5 were comparable. There was a significant relationship between the thelarche age and puberty tempo (r = 0.23, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The study highlights the predictive nature of variation in the onset age of puberty on its progression and duration. These results are reassuring in this context and will add to clinicians’ and parental understanding of the expected milestones of puberty.
Determinant of The Financial Literacy: Case Study on Career Woman in Indonesia
Authors: Dewanty Novia , Isbanah Yuyun 
Published: August 2018

Financial literacy is one of the relevant facts in improving the economy. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of demographic factors (i.e., marital status, education level, income, and age) and financial socialization agent on financial literacy. Using online and offline questionnaire survey from 100 respondents in Surabaya, East Java, and the study revealed that education level, personal income, and financial socialization agent, give the positive effect, while the marital status and age does not affect financial literacy. This result implies that the government can focus on educating the development and improvement of financial literacy for the society. It is believed to be a step forward in practicing financial planning from an early age to solve problems with financial management using financial knowledge, financial attitude, and financial behavior.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v17i2.6681
Use of Oximetry to Determine Need for Adenotonsillectomy for Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Papadakis Chariton E. , Chaidas Konstantinos , Chimona Theognosia S. , Asimakopoulou Panagiota , Ladias Alexandros , Proimos Efklidis K. , Miligkos Michael , Kaditis Athanasios G. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVES:
We evaluated the efficacy of adenotonsillectomy (T/A) in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in a controlled study using oximetry. We hypothesized that children with SDB and abnormal nocturnal oximetry in a community setting will have improved hypoxemia indices after T/A.

METHODS:
Children with snoring and tonsillar hypertrophy (4–10 years old) who were candidates for T/A were randomly assigned to 2 oximetry sequences (baseline and 3-month follow-up): (1) oximetry immediately before T/A and at the 3-month follow-up, which occurred postoperatively (T/A group); or (2) oximetry at the initial visit and at the end of the usual 3-month waiting period for surgery (control group). Outcomes were (1) proportion of subjects with McGill oximetry score (MOS) &gt;1 at baseline acquiring MOS of 1 at follow-up and (2) proportion of subjects achieving oxygen desaturation (≥3%) of hemoglobin index (ODI3) &lt;2 episodes per hour at follow-up if they had ODI3 ≥3.5 episodes per hour at baseline.

RESULTS:
One hundred and forty children had quality oximetry tracings. Twelve of 17 (70.6%) children with MOS &gt;1 in the T/A group and 10 of 21 (47.6%) children with MOS &gt;1 in the control group had MOS of 1 at follow-up (P = .14). More subjects in the T/A than in the control group achieved ODI3 &lt;2 episodes per hour at follow-up (14 of 32 [43.8%] vs 2 of 38 [5.3%]; P &lt; .001). Three children with elevated ODI3 were treated to prevent persistently abnormal ODI3 in 1 child at follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
An ODI3 ≥3.5 episodes per hour in nocturnal oximetry is related to increased resolution rate of nocturnal hypoxemia after T/A for SDB compared with no intervention.