bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mortality in infectious inpatients with type 2 diabetes compared with non-diabetic population
Authors: Ma Chun-Ming , Yin Fu-Zai 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the mortality in infectious inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with non-diabetic population.
A retrospective study was conducted on 13,916 infectious inpatients in The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao. Diabetic types were classified using International classification of Diseases-10. Mortality records were collected.
The mortality was higher in patients with T2DM than patients without T2DM (T2DM 4.3% vs non-diabetes 1.7%, χ
2 = 59.560, P < .001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, T2DM was an independent risk factor of death in infectious inpatients (OR = 1.539, 95% CI: 1.181∼2.006, P = .001). The mortalities between those with T2DM and those without T2DM were stratified by age. The mortalities of patients with T2DM were 0.0% in ∼39 years, 0.0% in 40 to 49 years, 2.7% in 50 to 59 years, 3.1% in 60 to 69 years, 4.1% in 70 to 79 years and 8.7% in 80∼ years groups. The mortalities of patients without T2DM were 0.2% in ∼39 years, 0.1% in 40 to 49 years, 0.6% in 50 to 59 years, 1.0% in 60 to 69 years, 3.1% in 70 to 79 years and 5.9% in 80∼ years groups. T2DM was an independent risk factor of death only in 60 to 69 years groups (OR = 2.323, 95% CI: 1.234∼4.372, P = .009).
The increase of mortality appears earlier in patients with T2DM. Infectious inpatients with T2DM are at increased risk of death and brings heavy economic burden to patients, society and government.
Epidemiology of syndesmotic fixations in a pediatric center
Authors: Lamer Stéphanie , Hébert-Davies Jonah , Leduc Stéphane , Nault Marie-Lyne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Syndesmosis injuries need to be accurately diagnosed and managed to avoid chronic pain, early arthritis, and instability. To this end, the present study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of syndesmotic injuries in a pediatric ankle fracture cohort and identify patient and surgery-related characteristics.
A retrospective review of all the ankle fractures during a 12-year period at a single pediatric referral center was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: a fractured ankle that underwent a surgical fixation, at least 1 radiograph available for review before fixation, available information regarding surgery, including operative report and fluoroscopic images, and younger than 18 years at the time of surgery. Demographic information, trauma, radiographs, surgical details, clinical examination, follow up, outcomes, and physeal status (skeletally immature, transitional, or mature) were recorded. Finally, patients were divided in 2 groups: with or without syndesmotic fixation. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney test for nonparametric data to compare continuous parameters, and χ
2 test for categorical parameters.
A total of 128 patients were included with a mean age of 14.1 years. There were 80 boys and 48 girls. There were 51 skeletally immature patients, 23 with transitional fractures, and 54 that were skeletally mature. The main finding of this study is that only 11 patients from the mature group underwent syndesmotic fixation. There were no cases of syndesmotic fixation in the skeletally immature and transitional groups.
This is the first retrospective study to focus specifically on syndesmotic injuries in a pediatric population who underwent ankle fracture fixation. Only 11 skeletally mature patients underwent syndesmotic fixation out of 128 patients in this cohort. This result raises the question of whether there are accurate diagnostic tools to evaluate syndesmosis in children.
Unusual recurrent renal secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by hyperplastic autograft with supernumerary parathyroid adenoma
Authors: Zhang Jun , Dong Meng-Jie , Yang Jun , Tian Dan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is often complicated with chronic renal failure. Though the total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) with forearm autotransplantation (FAT) has been commonly used to treatment refractory renal SHPT, the recurrence of SHPT is not infrequent, resulting from hyperplastic autograft, remnant parathyroid tissues, and supernumerary parathyroid gland (SPG).

Patient concerns:
A 67-year-old man undergoing TPTX+FAT 4 years previously for renal SHPT, who received regular hemodialysis with active vitamin D supplements of Rocaltrol treatment postoperatively, was admitted to our hospital with progressively elevated serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) from 176 to 1266 pg/mL for 8 months and bilateral ankle joints pain for 1 month. 99mTc-sestamibi dual-phase imaging with single positron emission tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) revealed a nodule in suprasternal fossa, besides a nodule in autografted site, accompanied with intense radioactivity.

Diagnosis:
Recurrent SHPT was easily diagnosed based on previous medical history, painful joints, increased serum iPTH level and positive findings of 99mTc-sestamibi imaging. Routine postoperative pathology showed that the nodules were consistent with an adenomatoid hyperplasic autograft and a supernumerary parathyroid adenoma in suprasternal fossa, respectively.

Interventions:
Reoperation for removing nodules in suprasternal fossa and autografted site was performed 1 month later. Then regular hemodialysis 3 times a week with Rocaltrol was continued.

Outcomes:
During 12 months of follow-up, the joints pain improved obviously and the serum iPTH level ranged from 30.1 to 442 pg/mL.

Lessons:
Although rare, recurrent renal SHPT may be caused by a coexistence of both hyperfunctional autograft and SPG after TPTX+FAT. The 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid imaging with SPECT/CT is helpful to locate the culprits of recurrent renal SHPT before reoperation. To prevent recurrence of renal SHPT, the present initial surgical procedures should be further optimized in patient on permanent hemodialysis.
L-3-n-butylphthalide soft capsules in the treatment of Parkinson disease dementia
Authors: Zhong Rui , Chen Qingling , Zhang Xinyue , Li Mengmeng , Lin Weihong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP) has been used for Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) to attenuate cognitive impairments in China. Therefore, we selected published and qualified clinical trials to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of assessing the effectiveness and safety of L-NBP in the treatment of PDD.

Objective:
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of L-NBP in the treatment of PDD.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP database), and Wan-Fang Database to collect eligible articles. We calculated pooled estimates of odds ratios or the standard mean deviation with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
Eight randomized controlled trials were included in our meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed that L-NBP combined with Western medicine (WM) had a better effect on improving cognitive dysfunction, the total effective rate, symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD), and activities of daily living function than WM alone. Regarding safety, no serious adverse events were observed in the experimental group.

Conclusion:
We found that L-NBP as a complementary therapy may have a positive therapeutic effect for improving cognitive dysfunction, the total effective rate, symptoms of PD, quality of life, and the related serum factors in the treatment of PDD. Furthermore, L-NBP was a safe treatment for PDD. However, the findings of our meta-analysis may be influenced by the low quality of the included studies. We highlight the need to conduct trials with higher methodological quality.
Outcomes from different minimally invasive approaches for infected necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Hu Yong , Jiang Xun , Li Chunyan , Cui Yunfeng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Infected necrotizing pancreatitis (INP), the leading cause of mortality in the late phase of acute pancreatitis, nearly always requires intervention. In recent years minimal invasive surgery is becoming more and more popular for the management of INP, but few studies compared different minimally invasive strategies. The objective of this observation study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness with several minimal invasive treatment.
We retrospectively reviewed cases of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD), minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy (MARPN), small incision pancreatic necrosectom (SIPN), single-incision access port retroperitoneoscopic debridement (SIAPRD) for INP between January 2013 and October 2018. Data were analyzed for the primary endpoints as well as secondary endpoints.
Eighty-one patients with INP were treated by minimally invasive procedures including PCD (n = 32), MARPN (n = 18), SIPN (n = 16), and SIAPRD (n = 15). Overall mortality was greatest after PCD 34% (MARPN 11% vs SIPN 6% vs SIRLD6%). Problems after initial surgery were ongoing sepsis (PCD 56% vs MARPN 50% vs SIPN 31% vs SIAPRD13%; P < .05). There was a significant difference in number of interventions (median, 6 vs 5 vs 3 vs 2; P < .05). Time from onset of symptoms to recovery was less for SIAPRD than for PCD, MARPN, or SIPN (median, 45 vs 102 vs 80 vs 67 days; P < .05).
SIAPRD remedy evidently improved outcomes, including systemic inflammatory response syndrome, number of interventions, length of hospital stay and overall cost. It is technically feasible, safe, and effective for INP, in contrast to others, and can achieve the best clinical results with the least cost. Furthermore, relevant multicentre randomized controlled trials are eager to prove these findings.
Innovations in kidney paired donation transplantation
Authors: D’Alessandro Thomas , Veale Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose of review
To analyze the innovations that have increased the reliability, convenience, and outcomes of kidney paired donation (KPD) that has led to thousands of living donor kidney transplants across the United States.

Recent findings
Over the past 10 years, KPD has grown over 200% on an annual basis. Though concerns had existed over cold ischemia time, research has shown that there is no correlation between travel time of a shipped kidney and the transplant outcome. The voucher program has started to continue to expand how to overcome obstacles to donation by solving the issue of a pair chronological incompatibility.

Summary
KPD is a relatively new field and the innovations it has spawned should continue to improve availability of high-quality living donor organs. The introduction of the family voucher should continue this trend.
Prevalence for and Factors Associated With Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Mexican Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Nolasco-Rosales German Alberto , Pérez-Mandujano Antonia , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , López-Narváez María Lilia , Hernández-Nuñez Éufrates , Villar-Soto Mario , Fresan Ana 
Published: June 2019

Background/Objective
It has been suggested that patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often present depression and anxiety. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in Mexican patients with RA and to determine associated factors of depression and anxiety in this population.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. We evaluated demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, substance use, and disease characteristics in 103 patients with RA. Patients were enrolled from March 2016 to August 2017 The prevalence of depression and anxiety was estimated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. We calculated the proportion of depression and anxiety symptoms and compared characteristics between groups. Finally, logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety.

Results
Depression symptoms were present in 26.2% of patients, whereas anxiety symptoms were present in 16.5% of patients. Presence of hypertension was an associated factor with depression (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–9.23; p = 0.03). Low socioeconomic (OR, 3.78; 95% CI, 1.39–10.28; p = 0.009) and high scores of 28-joint Disease Activity Score were associated with anxiety (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.20–8.45; p = 0.02).

Conclusions
Factor related to socioeconomic conditions, comorbid medical conditions, and disease activity were related to the presence of clinical depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with RA, which may have a negative impact in the course and outcome of the disease. We suggest an early identification of depression and anxiety in these patients through an early psychiatric evaluation.
Soft Windowing Application to Improve Analysis of High-throughput Phenotyping Data
Authors: Haselimashhadi Hamed , Jeremy Mason C. , Munoz-Fuentes Violeta , López-Gómez Federico , Babalola Kolawole , Acar Elif F. , Kumar Vivek , White Jacqui , Flenniken Ann M. , King Ruairidh , Straiton Ewan , Seavitt John Richard , Gaspero Angelina , Garza Arturo , Christianson Audrey E. , Hsu Chih-Wei , Reynolds Corey L. , Lanza Denise G. , Lorenzo Isabel , Green Jennie R. , Gallegos Juan J. , Bohat Ritu , Samaco Rodney C. , Veeraragavan Surabi , Kim Jong Kyoung , Miller Gregor , Fuchs Helmut , Garrett Lillian , Becker Lore , Kang Yeon Kyung , Clary David , Cho Soo Young , Tamura Masaru , Tanaka Nobuhiko , Soo Kyung Dong , Bezginov Alexandr , About Ghina Bou , Champy Marie-France , Vasseur Laurent , Leblanc Sophie , Meziane Hamid , Selloum Mohammed , Reilly Patrick T. , Spielmann Nadine , Maier Holger , Gailus-Durner Valerie , Sorg Tania , Hiroshi Masuya , Yuichi Obata , Heaney Jason D. , Dickinson Mary E , Wolfgang Wurst , Tocchini-Valentini Glauco P. , Lloyd Kevin C. Kent , McKerlie Colin , Seong Je Kyung , Yann Herault , de Angelis Martin Hrabé , Brown Steve D.M. , Smedley Damian , Flicek Paul , Mallon Ann-Marie , Parkinson Helen , Meehan Terrence F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMotivationHigh-throughput phenomic projects generate complex data from small treatment and large control groups that increase the power of the analyses but introduce variation over time. A method is needed to utlize a set of temporally local controls that maximises analytic power while minimising noise from unspecified environmental factors.ResultsHere we introduce “soft windowing”, a methodological approach that selects a window of time that includes the most appropriate controls for analysis. Using phenotype data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), adaptive windows were applied such that control data collected proximally to mutants were assigned the maximal weight, while data collected earlier or later had less weight. We applied this method to IMPC data and compared the results with those obtained from a standard non-windowed approach. Validation was performed using a resampling approach in which we demonstrate a 10% reduction of false positives from 2.5 million analyses. We applied the method to our production analysis pipeline that establishes genotype-phenotype associations by comparing mutant versus control data. We report an increase of 30% in significant p-values, as well as linkage to 106 versus 99 disease models via phenotype overlap with the soft windowed and non-windowed approaches, respectively, from a set of 2,082 mutant mouse lines. Our method is generalisable and can benefit large-scale human phenomic projects such as the UK Biobank and the All of Us resources.Availability and ImplementationThe method is freely available in the R package SmoothWin, available on CRAN http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=SmoothWin.
Sex-specific prefrontal cortex dysfunction underlying opioid-induced cognitive impairment
Authors: Anderson Eden M. , Engelhardt Annabel , Demis Skyler , Porath Elissa , Hearing Matthew C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWomen transition to addiction faster and experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent; however, what drives this is unknown. Although poorly understood, loss of cognitive control following chronic drug use has been linked to decreased activation of frontal cortical regions. We show that self-administration of the opioid, remifentanil, causes a long-lasting decrease inex vivoexcitability but augments firing capacity of pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic cortex. This phenomenon occurs faster in females, manifests from sex-specific changes in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic regulation and aligns with impairments in cognitive flexibility. Further, chemogenetic induction of a hypoactive pyramidal neuron state in drug-naïve mice produces deficits, while compensating for this hypoactive state protects against cognitive inflexibility resulting from opioid self-administration. These data define cellular and synaptic mechanisms by which opioids impair prefrontal function and cognitive control and indicate that interventions aimed at treating opioid addiction must be tailored based on biological sex.
Influence of genetic interactions on polygenic prediction
Authors: Dai Zhijun , Long Nanye , Huang Wen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrediction of phenotypes from genotypes is an important objective to fulfill the promises of genomics, precision medicine and agriculture. Although it’s now possible to account for the majority of genetic variation through model fitting, prediction of phenotypes remains a challenge, especially across populations that have diverged in the past. In this study, we designed simulation experiments to specifically investigate the role of genetic interactions in failure of polygenic prediction. We found that non-additive genetic interactions can significantly reduce the accuracy of polygenic prediction. Our study demonstrated the importance of considering genetic interactions in genetic prediction.
Networks of enhancers and microRNAs drive variation in cell states
Authors: Chakraborty Meenakshi , Hu Sofia , Del Giudice Marco , De Martino Andrea , Bosia Carla , Sharp Phillip A. , Garg Salil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCell-to-cell variation in gene expression is a common feature of developmental processes. Yet, it remains unclear whether molecular mediators can generate variation and how this process is coordinated across loci to allow the emergence of new cell states. Using embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as a model of development, we found interconverting cell states that resemble developmental expression programs and vary in activity at specific enhancers, such as those regulating pluripotency genesNanogandSox2but notPou5f1(Oct4). Variable enhancers drive expression of variable genes, including those encoding microRNAs (miRNAs). Notably, variable miRNAs increase cell-to-cell variation by acting on neighborhoods of pluripotency genes. The encoded, variable pluripotency factors bind variable enhancers, forming a feedback loop that amplifies variation and allows the emergence of new cell states. These findings suggest gene regulatory networks composed of enhancers, protein-coding genes, and miRNAs harness inherent variation into developmental outcomes.
Diversity and disease: evidence for the monoculture effect beyond agricultural systems
Authors: Ekroth Alice K.E. , Rafaluk-Mohr Charlotte , King Kayla C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman activities are greatly reducing the genetic diversity of species worldwide. Given the prediction that parasites better exploit less diverse host populations, many species could be vulnerable to disease outbreaks. However, the widespread nature of the ‘monoculture effect’ remains unclear outside agricultural systems. We conducted a meta-analysis of 22 studies, obtaining a total of 66 effect sizes, to directly test the biological conditions under which host genetic diversity limits infectious disease in populations. Overall, we found broad support for the monoculture effect across host and parasite species. The effect was independent of host range, host reproduction, parasite diversity, and the method by which the monoculture effect was recorded. Conversely, we found that parasite functional group, virulence, and empirical environment matters. Together, these results highlight the general susceptibility of genetically homogenous populations to infection. Consequently, this phenomenon could become increasingly common and alarming for at-risk populations due to human-driven declines in genetic diversity and shifts in parasite distributions.
Neurophysiological Substrates of Configural Face Perception in Schizotypy
Authors: Ahn Sangtae , Lustenberger Caroline , Jarskog L. Fredrik , Fröhlich Flavio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFace perception is a highly developed function of the human visual system. Previous studies of event-related potentials (ERPs) have identified a face-selective ERP component (negative peak at about 170 milliseconds after stimulation onset, N170) in healthy participants. In contrast, patients with schizophrenia exhibit reduced amplitude of the N170, which may represent a pathological deficit in the neurophysiology of face perception. Interestingly, healthy humans with schizophrenia-like experiences (schizotypy) also exhibit abnormal processing of face perception. Yet, it has remained unknown how schizotypy in healthy humans is associated with the neurophysiological substrate of face perception. Here, we recruited 35 participants and assessed their schizotypy by the magical ideation rating scale. We used high-density electroencephalography to obtain ERPs elicited by a set of Mooney faces (face and non-face conditions). We divided the participants into two groups (high and low schizotypy) by a median split of schizotypy scores. We investigated mean reaction times and the N170 component in response to the stimuli. We found significant slowed reaction times and reduced amplitude of the N170 component in response to the face stimuli in the high-schizotypy group. In addition, across the full data set, we found that the schizotypy scores were significantly correlated with both the reaction times and the N170 amplitude. Our results thus support the model of schizotypy as a manifestation of a continuum between healthy individuals and patients with schizophrenia, where the N170 impairment serves as a biomarker for the degree of pathology along this continuum.
Tipping-point analysis uncovers critical transition signals from gene expression profiles
Authors: Yang Xinan H , Wang Zhezhen , Goldstein Andrew , Sun Yuxi , Rowton Megan , Wang Yanqiu , Griggs Dannie , Moskowitz Ivan , Cunningham John M 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDifferentiation involves bifurcations between discrete cell states, each defined by a distinct gene expression profile. Single-cell RNA profiling allows the detection of bifurcations. However, while current methods capture these events, they do not identify characteristic gene signals. Here we show that BioTIP – a tipping-point theory-based analysis – can accurately, robustly, and reliably identify critical transition signals (CTSs). A CTS is a small group of genes with high covariance in expression that mark the cells approaching a bifurcation. We validated its accuracy in the cardiogenesis with known a tipping point and demonstrated the identified CTSs contain verified differentiation-driving transcription factors. We then demonstrated the application on a published mouse gastrulation dataset, validated the predicted CTSs using independent in-vivo samples, and inferred the key developing mesoderm regulator Etv2. Taken together, BioTIP is broadly applicable for the characterization of the plasticity, heterogeneity, and rapid switches in developmental processes, particularly in single-cell data analysis.HighlightsIdentifying significant critical transition signals (CTSs) from expression noiseA significant CTS contains or is targeted by key transcription factorsBioTIP identifies CTSs accurately and independent of trajectory topologiesSignificant CTSs reproducibly indicate bifurcations across datasets