bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Disparities in Future Development of Lethal Prostate Cancer Based on Midlife Baseline Prostate‐Specific Antigen
Authors: Chiarelli Giuseppe , Davis Matthew , Stephens Alex , Finati Marco , Cirulli Giuseppe Ottone , Morrison Chase , Sood Akshay , Carrieri Giuseppe , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Lughezzani Giovanni , Buffi Nicolò , Rogers Craig , Abdollah Firas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrevious studies found that Midlife Baseline PSA (MB PSA) predicts the risk of developing lethal prostate cancer (PCa), although the cohorts were homogenous in terms of racial compositions. We aimed to investigate racial disparities in the predictive value of MB PSA for lethal PCa in a diverse, contemporary, North American population.MethodsOur cohort included White and Black men aged 40–59 years, who underwent MB PSA through our health system. Cumulative incidence curves depicted lethal PCa stratified by race and MB PSA above/below the median. We utilized time‐dependent Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) to compare the performance of MB PSA in predicting lethal PCa based on race. Multivariable regression (MVA) was used to examine the impact of the MB PSA in predicting lethal PCa by race.ResultsWe included 112,967 men, of whom 27% were Black. The cumulative incidence estimate with MB PSA values equal to the median at 15 years of follow‐up was 0.13 (0.04, 0.32) for White men and 0.55 (0.24, 1.11) for Black men. AUCs comparison showed no statistically significant differences in the predictive role of MB PSA for lethal PCa between White and Black men. At MVA, using White patients with PSA ≤ median as the reference group, the HR of lethal PCa for White men with PSA > median aged 40–44, 45–49, 50–54, and 55–59 was respectively 2.98 (1.59–5.57), 3.01 (1.89–4.81), 5.10 (3.38–7.70), and 3.38 (2.32–4.92). While for Black men was respectively 5.50 (2.94–10.27), 4.19 (2.59–6.78), 9.79 (6.37–15.04), and 7.53 (5.03–11.26) (all p < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings indicate that for the same MB PSA and within the same age category, Black men have a greater risk of developing lethal PCa than White men. A separate cut‐off should be created for MB PSA, if this is to be used to guide PSA screening in clinical practice.
Caffeic acid improves biocontrol effect of Pantoea jilinensis D25 against tomato gray mold
Authors: Zheng Lining , Zheng Shuanglan , Wang Shengyi , Han Zhe , Gao Ao , Wu Xian , Pan Hongyu , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGray mold in tomato caused by Botrytis cinerea is a destructive disease, which can be treated using biocontrol agents. Pretreatment of biocontrol strains with oxidative‐stress‐ameliorating compounds can enhance their tolerance to oxidative microenvironment in infected fruit wounds. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on the biocontrol efficacy of Pantoea jilinensis D25 in gray mold in cherry tomato.RESULTSD25 strain pretreated with CA exhibited enhanced oxidative stress response in cherry tomato wounds. CA‐treated D25 cells recovered from cherry tomato wounds had lower ROS level and cellular oxidative damage than D25 cells not treated with CA. The antioxidation‐related genes (CAT and GPX) were upregulated and colonization ability of D25 strain was improved in cherry tomato wounds after CA application. Furthermore, the biocontrol effects of CA‐treated D25 strain were improved. CA pretreatment to D25 strain could significantly improve the expression of defense‐related genes (SlMYC‐2, SlLoxD, SlEIN2, and SlEIN3) and activity of defense‐related enzymes in cherry tomato wounds.CONCLUSIONApplication of CA to D25 strain could improve its ability to combat antioxidant stress and biocontrol efficacy against postharvest tomato gray mold. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Advancing pharmacometrics in Africa—Transition from capacity development toward job creation
Authors: Pillai Goonaseelan (Colin) , Mouksassi Samer , Asiimwe Innocent G. , Rayner Craig R. , Kern Steven , Sinxadi Phumla , Denti Paolo , Decloedt Eric , Waitt Catriona , Ogutu Bernhards R. , de Greef Rik 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTrained pharmacometricians remain scarce in Africa due to limited training opportunities, lack of a pharmaceutical product development ecosystem, and emigration to high‐income countries. The Applied Pharmacometrics Training (APT) fellowship program was established to address these gaps and specifically foster job creation for talent retention. We review the APT program's progress over 3 years and encourage collaboration to enhance local clinical data analysis in Africa. Initiated in 2021 by Pharmacometrics Africa, a non‐profit educational entity, with support from partners including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Certara, the APT program targets African doctoral‐level scientists and clinicians. This 6‐month program is jointly managed by partners, with Pharmacometrics Africa handling logistics and sponsor liaison. Job creation initiatives include inviting fellows to join consulting teams or local research centers. Over the 3 year reporting period, 177 applications were received, with 27 individuals (41% female, median age 35 years) from nine African countries selected into and completing the full program. The fellows worked on 13 data analysis projects, with six so far being presented at international conferences and/or submitted for publication in peer‐reviewed journals. Nine fellows have joined consulting teams or research centers working from offices in Africa. Currently, in the 3rd year, the APT program has demonstrated success in skills development, job creation, and fostering a critical mass of African pharmacometricians. Collaboration is essential for the sustainable advancement of model‐informed drug development in Africa.
Does Removing Large Wood From Streams Reduce Large‐Magnitude Flood Risk? A Case Study From North Carolina, USA
Authors: Kurki‐Fox J. Jack , Doll Barbara A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLarge wood (LW) removal from streams is one of the most common river channel management activities and is often undertaken with little analysis of the impacts. A primary objective of LW removal is often flood risk reduction, but reports of actual flood reduction benefits have varied widely and were often anecdotal in nature. The objective of this study was to quantify the flood reduction impacts of removing LW from the stream channel. Uncalibrated two‐dimensional hydraulic models were used to simulate the impact of various levels of wood accumulation at three study sites and one‐dimensional modeling was used to conduct a sensitivity analysis of channel slope, floodplain width, and channel blockage across a range of flood‐frequency return periods. The existing accumulation resulted in very little change in upstream water surface elevations (WSE). Theoretical LW blockages were added to the model and resulted in a maximum of 0.3 m rise in upstream WSE for the most severe channel blockage scenario of 75%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the impact of LW blockage is greatest for steeper streams with narrower floodplains, although backwater conditions propagated only short distances upstream compared to streams with lower slopes. Overall, we recommend moving away from blanket removal of LW and toward limited strategic removal that will result in the desired outcomes. A strategic approach will require a comprehensive evaluation of proposed LW removal projects, including documenting flooding concerns, the channel and floodplain morphology, and adjacent infrastructure. The results of this study will help quantify the potential flood reduction of LW removal and provide guidance for when the removal of LW from rivers may or may not provide flood reduction benefits.
Identifying Critical Paths and Drivers of Carbon Emissions From Tourism: An Integrated Analysis Toward Sustainable Tourism
Authors: Tan Ting , Chen Zihan , Ma Rong , He Lamei , Zha Jianping 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGiven the highly fragmented structure and strong industrial linkages of the tourism industry, exploring the flow and drivers of carbon transfer is critical for sustainable tourism. This study combines the environmentally extended input–output (EEIO) model with structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and structural path analysis (SPA) to identify the key sectors, paths, and drivers of carbon emissions from tourism. Taking China as a case, the results show that: (1) China's tourism carbon emissions grew from 34.68 Mt. in 2002 to 137.87 Mt. in 2019, with road transport (22.58%), food and beverage services (21.10%), shopping (20.52%), and air transport (14.91%) constituting the primary emitters. (2) Critical supply chain path “source sector → tourism‐related sectors → final demand” spurring carbon growth of tourism primarily centers on the tourism‐related sectors associated with road transport, air transport, food and beverage services, and shopping, where the source sectors mainly come from energy and food supply, manufacturing, transportation, and logistics sectors. (3) Despite considerable sectoral and path‐level heterogeneity, the key driver for inhibiting tourism carbon emissions is direct energy intensity, while final demand remains the main obstacle to low‐carbon tourism. In addition to the limited effect of energy restructuring, the promising role of optimizing the supply of intermediate goods in cubing tourism carbon emissions is revealed. Finally, relevant theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
Sustainable Development in Africa: The Contribution of Chinese Investment and Trade to Environmental Goods
Authors: Chen Xi , Tawiah Vincent , Zakari Abdulrasheed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDrawing on green growth and technology transfer theories, this paper investigates the impact of Chinese investment and trade on the Comparative Advantage in Environmental Goods (CAEG) index in Africa, utilizing a panel data set of 30 African countries over 25 years. Employing robust econometric identification strategies, our findings reveal that Chinese investment and import significantly enhance the production and consumption of environmental goods, particularly in the renewable energy sector. Notably, the positive effects are more pronounced for direct investments compared to trade. The study also demonstrates that the endowment of natural resources amplifies the beneficial impact of Chinese investment and trade on the CAEG index, while institutional quality does not show a significant differential effect. These results are validated through the Two‐step System Generalized Method of Moments to address potential endogeneity concerns. The findings underscore the critical role of foreign investment, particularly from China, in advancing sustainable development in Africa.
Rationally Designed Binder with Polysulfide‐Affinitive Moieties and Robust Network Structures for Improved Polysulfide Trapping and Structural Stability of Sulfur Cathode
Authors: Kwon Taekyun , Guo Hengquan , Kim Ji‐Oh , Chae Seongwook , Lim Eun Young , Park Jae Bin , Lee Eunsol , Choi Inhye , Kim Byeong Jin , Lee You‐Jin , Lee Seung Geol , Lee Jin Hong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have emerged as a promising next‐generation energy storage application owing to their high specific capacity and energy density. However, inherent insulating property of sulfur, along with its significant volume expansion during cycling, and shuttling behavior of lithium‐polysulfides (LiPSs), hinder their practical application. To overcome these issues, a crosslinked cationic waterborne polyurethane (CCWPU) is rationally designed as a binder for LSBs. The mechanical robustness of CCWPU enables it to withstand the high stress derived from volume expansion of sulfur, facilitating charge‐transferring through conserved charge‐transfer pathway and promoting interconversion of LiPSs. Additionally, polar urethane groups offer favorable interaction sites with LiPSs, mitigating shuttling behavior of LiPSs via polar‐polar interaction. Density functional theory investigations further elucidate that the incorporation of cationic moieties enhances LiPSs immobilization by confining Snx− (x = 1 or 2) in LiPSs, thereby improving sulfur utilization. Benefiting from these, the cell with CCWPU demonstrates reduced polarization, superior LiPSs conversion rates, and stable cycling performance. Moreover, water‐processable nature of CCWPU aligns with environmental consciousness. These diverse functionalities of CCWPU provide valuable insights for the development of advanced binder for LSBs, ultimately improving the electrochemical performances of LSBs.
A Prenucleation‐Stage Sample of ZnSe Assisting Lower‐Temperature Shell Growth on CdSe Magic‐Size Clusters via Monomer Addition
Authors: Wang Shasha , Wang Zhe , Xue Jiawei , Chen Xiaoqin , Luan Chaoran , Yu Kui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface passivation of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is usually performed at elevated temperatures with undefined changes to core nanocrystals. Using a prenucleation‐stage sample of ZnSe‐containing clusters (prepared at 160 °C), the first surface passivation is reported at 25 °C, which transforms photoluminescent (PL)‐inactive CdSe magic‐size clusters (MSCs) to PL‐active ones. The PL‐inactive CdSe MSCs display an absorption doublet peaking at 421/450 nm. With a similar absorption doublet, the resulting PL‐active CdSe/ZnSe MSCs exhibit a sharp PL signal at 460 nm. It is argued that the Zn−Se bond formation is decoupled from the growth of the ZnSe shell, which proceeds via the addition of ZnSe monomers. The chemical transformation at room temperature implements the principle of isodesmic reactions where M−Se bonds cleaved in the reactant are similar to those formed in the product. The present study paves an avenue for surface passivation under mild conditions, providing an in‐depth understanding of the shell formation mechanism.
Anchoring group regulation in semiconductor/molecular complex hybrid photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Chen Xiangyan , Niu Fujun , Ma Tongxiang , Li Qingyu , Wang Shaopeng , Shen Shaohua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRational interface engineering via regulating the anchoring groups between molecular catalysts and light‐absorbing semiconductors is essential and emergent to stabilize the semiconductor/molecular complex interaction and facilitate the photocarriers transport, thus realizing highly active and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this mini review, following a showcasing of the fundamental details of hybrid PEC systems containing semiconductor photoelectrodes and molecular catalysts for water splitting, the state‐of‐the‐art progress of anchoring group regulation at semiconductor/molecular complex interface for efficient and stable PEC water splitting, as well as its effect on charge transfer kinetics, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, potential research directions aimed at building high‐efficiency hybrid PEC water splitting systems are summarized.
Self‐healing Micro‐Supercapacitor Based on Robust Liquid Metal‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS Film for Wireless Powering of Integrated Strain Sensor
Authors: Liang Yue , Gao Jian , Wang Qiang , Lu Nan , Zhang Yong‐Chao , Zhu Xiao‐Dong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe limited energy density of micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) and challenges in their integration significantly impede the advancement of MSCs in wearable electronic devices. Here, this work designs a robust and wrinkled liquid metal‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS film with high capacity and self‐healing properties (defined as LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS). The wrinkled structure further enhances tensile properties of LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS and increases its active specific surface area per unit. Simultaneously, the incorporation of liquid metal (LM) enhances both the mechanical and healing properties of the LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS electrode. The flexible and self‐healing MSC based on wrinkled LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS shows a remarkable specific capacitance of 114.29 mF cm−2 and a high areal energy density of 15.47 µW h cm−2. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the healed MSC retained 90.01% of its initial performance, and the MSC unit can be arbitrarily integrated according to various energy and voltage requirements through the healing properties of LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS, widening the range of applications in next‐generation microelectronic devices. The wrinkled LM‐CNT‐PEDOT:PSS film is utilized for the fabrication of a highly sensitive strain sensor. Simultaneously, the prepared sensor can be seamlessly integrated with wireless charging and MSC to facilitate convenient monitoring of physiological signals, thereby offering an effective solution for the advancement of wearable technology and self‐powered systems.
“I shouldn't have to fumble my way around”: An investigation of the current state of TESOL teacher trainers' professional development in the United States
Authors: Kidwell Tabitha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractProfessionalism for language teacher trainers and teacher educators would require purposeful preparation, induction, and support to develop the knowledge base necessary to foster teachers' development. This study seeks to learn more about the current state of TESOL teacher trainers' professional development in the United States, including their preparation, expertise, and recommendations to improve the professional development of TESOL teacher trainers in the future. It found that teacher trainers in many contexts receive limited formal preparation, induction, and support. Instead, they must independently identify professional development opportunities. Perhaps due to this lack of access to formal professional training, trainers had limited awareness of the professional knowledge base of the language teacher education field. Instead, they reported relying on personal traits and hard work as they gain expertise through on‐the‐job learning. This study's implications suggest that formal preparation, induction, and support programs could help teacher trainers and educators more effectively foster the learning and development of the teachers they work with, and could strengthen the professionalism of teacher educators, trainers, and the TESOL field as a whole.
Phytocytokine genes newly discovered in Malus domestica and their regulation in response to Erwinia amylovora and acibenzolar‐S‐methyl
Authors: Guillou Marie‐Charlotte , Gaucher Matthieu , Vergne Emilie , Renou Jean‐Pierre , Brisset Marie‐Noëlle , Aubourg Sébastien 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPhytocytokines belong to a category of small secreted peptides with signaling functions that play pivotal roles in diverse plant physiological processes. However, due to low levels of sequence conservation across plant species and poorly understood biological functions, the accurate detection and annotation of corresponding genes is challenging. The availability of a high‐quality apple (Malus domestica) genome has enabled the exploration of five phytocytokine gene families, selected on the basis of their altered expression profiles in response to biotic stresses. These include phytosulfokine, inflorescence deficient in abscission/‐like, pathogen‐associated molecular pattern induced secreted peptide, plant peptide containing sulfated tyrosine, and C‐terminally encoded peptide. The genes encoding the precursors of these five families of signaling peptides were identified using a customized bioinformatics protocol combining genome mining, homology searches, and peptide motif detection. Transcriptomic analyses showed that these peptides were deregulated in response to Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight in pome fruit trees, and in response to a chemical elicitor (acibenzolar‐S‐methyl). Finally, gene family evolution and the orthology relationships with Arabidopsis thaliana homologs were investigated.
Introduction to Methods for Analyzing Large Neuroimaging Datasets
Authors: Whelan Robert , Lemaître Hervé 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThere is a recognition in the field of neuroimaging that sample size must drastically increase to achieve adequate statistical power and reproducibility. Several large neuroimaging studies and databases, such as OpenNeuro and the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development project, have emerged, offering open access to vast amounts of data. However, there is a dearth of practical guidance for working with large neuroimaging datasets, a deficit that this book seeks to address. With the emphasis on providing hands-on instruction, chapters contain worked examples using open-access data.
Standardized Preprocessing in Neuroimaging: Enhancing Reliability and Reproducibility
Authors: Esteban Oscar 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter critically examines the standardization of preprocessing in neuroimaging, exploring the field’s evolution, the necessity of methodological consistency, and the future directions shaped by artificial intelligence (AI). It begins with an overview of the technical advancements and the emergence of software tools with standardized neuroimaging processes. It also emphasizes the importance of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) and data sharing to improve reproducibility. The chapter then discusses the impact of methodological choices on research reliability, advocating for standardization to mitigate analytical variability.The multifaceted approach to standardization is explored, including workflow architecture, quality control, and community involvement in open-source projects. Challenges such as method selection, resource optimization, and the integration of AI are addressed, highlighting the role of openly available data and the potential of AI-assisted code writing in enhancing productivity.In conclusion, the chapter underscores NiPreps’ contribution to providing reliable and reproducible preprocessing solutions, inviting community engagement to advance neuroimaging research. The chapter envisions a collaborative and robust scientific culture in neuroimaging by promoting standardized practices.
Stand der Forschung
Authors: Scheiding Christian Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungAufbauend auf der grundlagentheoretischen Rahmung und der gegenstandstheoretischen Verortung der Untersuchung, welche im vorangegangenen Kapitel vorgenommen wurden, gilt es nun, sich einen Überblick über die bisher gewonnenen Forschungserkenntnisse im Gegenstandsbereich dieser Arbeit zu verschaffen. Methodisch verortet sich das Vorgehen zur Ermittlung des Forschungsstandes im Bereich des Systematic Literature Reviews (SLR).
Study on the Durability of Hydraulic Engineered Cementitious Composites
Authors: Shi Yan , Wang Yupu , Li Jiazheng , Jiang Wenguang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo explore the durability of hydraulic engineered cementitious composites (HECC), this article uses hydraulic concrete permeability and frost resistance tests, evaluates them in combination with mechanical tests in high-temperature resistance and self-healing tests, and explores the influence of different maximum particle sizes of sand on permeability and frost resistance. In high-temperature resistance, the thermal stability of fibers and the influence of different curing temperatures on mechanical properties are explored, and the effects of different maximum particle sizes of sand, different water–cement ratios, and different ages on self-healing performance are explored. The results show that the finer the sand used in HECC is, the better its impermeability is and the permeability coefficient is in the order of 10–6 or 10–7; the better the frost resistance is, the maximum frost resistance level can reach F300. As the curing temperature increases, the compressive and flexural strength first increase and then decrease, with a maximum increase of 43%. Compared to 0.25, a water adhesive ratio of 0.35 has better self-healing ability, with a strength ratio of 167% at 7 days and 72% at 28 days. The research results can provide a reference for further promoting the application of HECC in water conservancy engineering.