bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences Between Patient-Reported Versus Clinician-Observed Nonulcerative Signs and Symptoms of the Foot in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Takehara Kimie , Oe Makoto , Ohashi Yumiko , Tsunemi Yuichiro , Kadowaki Takashi , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: February 2019

PURPOSE:
The primary aim of this study was to compare patient reported versus clinician-observed nonulcerative foot conditions in patients attending a diabetic foot clinic and deemed at risk for diabetic foot ulcers.

DESIGN:
Retrospective review of medical records.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The medical records of 126 patients with diabetes mellitus and deemed at risk for developing diabetic foot ulcers were reviewed. All patients received care from a diabetic foot outpatient clinic in a university-based hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between November 2008 and October 2009.

METHODS:
We compared patients' self-identified foot complaints with clinically observable conditions affecting the feet of these individuals with diabetes mellitus. Patients' medical records were retrieved, and patient complaints and identified preulcerative signs of the foot were documented. All clinical observations were made by nurse specialists with knowledge of diabetic foot conditions. Nonulcerative diabetic foot conditions we observed included calluses, corns, abnormal nails, fissures, tinea pedis, and tinea unguium. Patient sensitivity to correctly identify these signs was calculated using the following formula: patient-reported foot signs divided by clinically identified preulcerative signs.

RESULTS:
Patient sensitivity for identifying nonulcerative signs varied based on the foot condition was 51.4% for calluses, 47.8% for pincer nails, 44.4% for corns, 33.3% for fissures, 19.4% for nail abnormalities, 3.9% for scales/maceration between the toes, 2.6% for interdigital tinea pedis, and 18.2% for tinea unguium.

CONCLUSION:
These findings suggest that persons with diabetes vary in their awareness of conditions affecting their feet and enhancing their risk for the development of diabetic foot ulcers. We recommend additional education on foot-related self-care including how often to observe their feet and how to recognize symptoms that may elevate their risk for diabetic foot ulcers.
Enhanced fitness relates to reduced cerebrovascular reactivity and perfusion in a sample of very healthy older adults
Authors: Intzandt Brittany , Sabra Dalia , Foster Catherine , Desjardins-Crépeau Laurence , Hoge Rick , Steele Christopher J , Bherer Louis , Gauthier Claudine J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAging is accompanied by decreased grey matter volume (GMV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), where the latter tends to decline the earliest in aging. Enhanced fitness in aging has been related to preservation of GMV and CBF, and in some cases CVR, although there are contradictory relationships reported between CVR and fitness. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the complex interplay with fitness and GMV, CBF and CVR, it is necessary to study them concurrently. Here, we aimed to disentangle the interactions between these outcomes in healthy older adults. MRI acquisitions collected anatomical, CBF and CVR information in all participants, as well as VO2,max. Results revealed decreased CVR was associated with increased fitness throughout large areas of the cerebral cortex. Within these regions it was found that lower fitness was associated with higher CBF and a slower hemodynamic response to hypercapnia. Overall, results indicate that the relationship between age, cerebral health and cerebral hemodynamics are complex. Future studies should collect other physiological outcomes in parallel with quantitative imaging, such as measures of carbon dioxide sensitivity and autoregulation, to further understand the intricacy of the effects fitness has on the aging brain, and how this may bias quantitative measures of cerebral health.
Asymmetric post-translational modifications regulate the intracellular distribution of unstimulated STAT3 dimers
Authors: Cardoso Beatriz , Letra-Vilela Ricardo , Silva-Almeida Catarina , Rocha Ana Maia , Murtinheira Fernanda , Branco-Santos Joana , Rodriguez Carmen , Martin Vanesa , Santa-Marta Mariana , Herrera Federico 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSignal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic transcription factor that plays essential roles in normal development, immunity, response to tissue damage and cancer. We have developed a Venus-STAT3 bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay that allows the visualization and study of STAT3 dimerization and protein-protein interactions in living cells. Inactivating mutations on residues susceptible to post-translational modifications (K49R, K140R, K685R, Y705F and S727A) did not alter the basal dimerization of unstimulated STAT3, but changed significantly the intracellular distribution of STAT3 dimers. Surprisingly, the distribution of specific asymmetric STAT3 dimers (i.e. the STAT3 molecules carry different mutations) was different from symmetric dimers. Our results indicate that asymmetric post-translational modifications on STAT3 dimers could constitute a new level of regulation of STAT3 signaling. This set of Venus-STAT3 BiFC constructs provides yet unexplored means to advance our understanding of STAT3 behavior and function in cancer and beyond.
Thermodynamic Measures of Human Brain Development from Fetal Stage to Adulthood
Authors: Rietman Edward A. , Taylor Sophie , Siegelmann Hava T. , Cavaglia Marco , Tuszynski Jack A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the data obtained from tissue samples of the human brains containing protein expression values. The data have been processed for their thermodynamic measure in terms of the Gibbs free energy of the corresponding protein-protein interaction networks. We have investigated the functional dependence of the Gibbs free energies on age and found consistent trends for most of the 16 main brain areas. The peak of the Gibbs energy values is found at birth with a trend toward plateauing at the age of maturity. We have also compared the data for males and females and uncovered functional differences for some of the brain regions.Significance StatementIn this paper we briefly outline the theoretical basis for a novel analysis of brain development in terms of a thermodynamic measure (Gibbs free energy) for the corresponding protein-protein interaction networks. We analyzed the overall developmental patterns for Gibbs free energy as a function of age across all brain regions. Of particular note was the significant upward trend in the fetal stages, which is generally followed by a sharp dip at birth and a plateau at maturity. We then compared the trends for female and male samples. A crossover pattern was observed for most of the brain regions, where the Gibbs free energy of the male samples were lower than the female samples at prenatal and neonatal ages, but higher at ages 8-40.
Generalizing to generalize: when (and when not) to be compositional in task structure learning
Authors: Franklin Nicholas T. , Frank Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHumans routinely face novel environments in which they have to generalize in order toact adaptively. However, doing so involves the non-trivial challenge of deciding which aspects of a task domain to generalize. While it is sometimes appropriate to simply re-use a learned behavior, often adaptive generalization entails recombining distinct components of knowledge acquired across multiple contexts. Theoretical work has suggested a computational trade-off in which it can be more or less useful to learn and generalize aspects of task structure jointly or compositionally, depending on previous task statistics, but empirical studies are lacking. Here we develop a series of navigation tasks which manipulate the statistics of goal values (“what to do”) and state transitions (“how to do it”) across contexts, and assess whether human subjects generalize these task components separately or conjunctively. We find that human generalization is sensitive to the statistics of the previously experienced task domain, favoring compositional or conjunctive generalization when the task statistics are indicative of such structures, and a mixture of the two when they are more ambiguous. These results support the predictions of a normative “meta-generalization learning” agent that does not only generalize previous knowledge but also generalizes the statistical structure most likely to support generalization.Author NoteThis work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Proposal 1460604 “How Prefrontal Cortex Augments Reinforcement Learning” to MJF. We thank Mark Ho for providing code used in the behavioral task. We thank Matt Nassar for helpful discussions. Correspondence should be addressed to Nicholas T. Franklin (nfranklin@fas.harvard.edu) or Michael J. Frank (michael_frank@brown.edu).
Corrosion inhibition of stainless steel in sulfuric acid solution containing sulfide ions
Authors: Hermas Abou-Elhagag A. , Elnady Abobakr Mohamed , Ali Reham M. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeAlthough stainless steel (SS) has good corrosion resistance in most aqueous solutions, it suffers corrosion in some solutions which contain aggressive ions such as sulfide ions. This study aims to use some cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cephapirin and cefazolin) as corrosion inhibitors of commercial SS in 0.5 M H2SO4solution containing sulfide ions at 30°C.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out using weight loss method, potential-time, linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance measurements, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.FindingsThe presence of the cephalosporin compound in the corrosive medium shifted the corrosion potential of SS to much positive side, which enhances self-passivation of SS, and the shifting increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The cephalosporin compounds worked as effective inhibitors with mainly anodic and the efficiency increase as cefotaxime < cephapirin < cefazolin. The inhibitors form a protective adsorbed layer, which enriches the surface content of Ni and Cr and thus assists the SS to be passive.Originality/valueThe antibiotics cephalosporins could be used as effective corrosion inhibitors for SS in acidic solutions containing sulfide ions. The inhibitors enhances the the passive oxide film of SS even in presence of aggressive ions such as sulfide ions.
An analysis of a structured benchmarking project
Authors: Al Nuseirat Ahmad Abdullah , El Kahlout Zeyad Mohammad , Abbas Ahmed , Adebanjo Dotun , Punnakitikashem Prattana , Mann Robin 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate a benchmarking project carried out by the Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA) as part of a structured benchmarking initiative. The project was based on the TRADE benchmarking methodology and this paper examines the tools, activities and outcomes that relate to each stage of the adopted methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on case study methodology. Data were collected from various sources including analysis of project reports written by DEWA’s benchmarking team reporting on their activities during the project. Data were also collected from four project presentations given at different stages of the project. In addition, the research team held three meetings with the DEWA benchmarking team at different stages of the benchmarking project.

Findings
The results show the key challenges and successes faced during each stage of the benchmarking project. It indicates the actions taken to overcome the challenges and the role played by internal and external stakeholders in facilitating the success of the benchmarking project.

Practical implications
The study presents information that would guide organisations that wish to carry out a benchmarking project – and particularly those implementing benchmarking for the first time. The study provides a summary of the key lessons learnt by DEWA’s benchmarking team as a guide for other organisations.

Originality/value
Academic research has not adequately examined and analysed the stage-by-stage elements of a benchmarking project from the perspective of the implementing organisation. This study addresses this gap by detailing and analysing the experiences of a benchmarking project by tracking the stage-by-stage activities of the benchmarking team.
Governance of artificial intelligence and personal health information
Authors: Winter Jenifer Sunrise , Davidson Elizabeth 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the increasing challenges to governing the personal health information (PHI) essential for advancing artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning innovations in health care. Risks to privacy and justice/equity are discussed, along with potential solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper highlights the scale and scope of PHI data consumed by deep learning algorithms and their opacity as novel challenges to health data governance.

Findings
This paper argues that these characteristics of machine learning will overwhelm existing data governance approaches such as privacy regulation and informed consent. Enhanced governance techniques and tools will be required to help preserve the autonomy and rights of individuals to control their PHI. Debate among all stakeholders and informed critique of how, and for whom, PHI-fueled health AI are developed and deployed are needed to channel these innovations in societally beneficial directions.

Social implications
Health data may be used to address pressing societal concerns, such as operational and system-level improvement, and innovations such as personalized medicine. This paper informs work seeking to harness these resources for societal good amidst many competing value claims and substantial risks for privacy and security.

Originality/value
This is the first paper focusing on health data governance in relation to AI/machine learning.
Leader Machiavellianism and follower silence
Authors: Erkutlu Hakan , Chafra Jamel 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Drawing on the social exchange theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and employee’s quiescent silence. Specifically, the authors take a relational approach by introducing employee’s relational identification as the mediator. The moderating role of psychological distance in the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and quiescent silence is also considered.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from nine universities in Turkey. The sample included 793 randomly chosen faculty members along with their department chairs. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the proposed model.

Findings
The results of this study supported the positive effect of leader Machiavellianism on employee’s quiescent silence as well as the mediating effect of employee’s relational identification. Moreover, when the level of psychological distance is low, the relationship between leader Machiavellianism and quiescent silence is strong, whereas the effect is weak when the level of psychological distance is high.

Practical implications
The findings of this study suggest that educational administrators in the higher education should be sensitive in treating their subordinates, as it will lead to positive interpersonal relationship, which, in turn, will reduce workplace silence. Moreover, they should pay more attention to the buffering role of psychological distance for those subordinates with high distrust and showing silence.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature on organizational silence by revealing the relational mechanism between leader Machiavellianism and employee quiescent silence. The paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the higher education and their leaders interested in building trust, increasing leader–employee relationship and reducing workplace silence.
Interaction effects between contract specificity, competence trust and goodwill trust upon supplier opportunism and relational stability
Authors: Cho Meehee , Bonn Mark A. , Terrell Benjamin B. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThis study was designed to offer empirical evidence about the significant impacts of supplier opportunism and relational stability upon restaurant performance. This study aims to investigate the extent to which competence and goodwill trust interact with contract specificity in mitigating supplier opportunism and improving relational stability.Design/methodology/approachThis study obtained a data set using 324 account executives representing a US restaurant product supplier. These same account executives were also contacted to obtain data from general managers of their largest restaurant accounts. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the hypothesized relationships. Additionally, a two-step hierarchical regression analysis was used to test how contract specificity and trust interact upon supplier opportunism and relational stability.FindingsResults revealed that contract specificity, competence and goodwill trust significantly reduced supplier opportunism and improved relational stability, which positively affected restaurant performance. Additionally, the interaction between contract specificity and goodwill trust significantly reduced the level of supplier opportunism, supporting the complementary role of goodwill trust for contract specificity. When goodwill trust interacted with contract specificity, it was found to significantly improve relational stability.Practical implicationsThese results offer empirical evidence pertaining to the significant impacts of supplier opportunism and relational stability upon restaurant performance. Findings can be used to develop effective governance strategies to manage restaurant-supplier transactions.Originality/valueAlthough the interaction between contract specificity and trust with respect to decreasing supplier opportunism and promoting relational stability has been a subject of debate in the supply chain management research literature, to date, no relevant research addressing this topic exists within the context of restaurant management. In this study, trust was particularly assessed based upon its two distinct roles (competence and goodwill) involving their interaction with contract specificity upon supplier opportunism and relational stability. The findings regarding those different roles of the two types of trust provide new insights into the existing knowledge about the use of both formal and informal governance specific to the restaurant industry.
Building brand relationship for restaurants
Authors: Erkmen Ezgi , Hancer Murat 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of other customers in explaining customers’ relation with a brand. A conceptual model, which incorporates other customers along with atmospherics, food quality and service quality, is proposed to better understand how customers form their brand preference for fine dining restaurants.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research methodology, using structural equation modeling, was adopted to understand the role of other customers along with other restaurant attributes. Data were collected from the customers of fine dining restaurants resulting in 324 usable surveys.FindingsThe findings supported the sequential link for: restaurant experience attributes – brand relationship and brand preference. While all restaurant attributes except other customers explain the satisfaction of customers, only service quality and other customers played a significant role in forming the brand image in the minds of restaurant guests. Overall, this study acknowledged the importance of both other customers and employees in fine dining restaurants’ branding.Research limitations/implicationsThe results suggest that customers in servicescape have a significant role in creating a successful brand image for restaurants. Moreover, service quality is also key to achieve a unique image, thereby suggesting that employees could be a source of differentiation and competitive advantage by managing their brand related behaviors.Originality/valueThis research was one of the first to study the role of other customers in restaurant service experience along with other attributes to assess customers’ brand relation and brand preference for fine dining restaurants.
Possibilities and barriers for practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of remote education
Authors: Tyurina Yulia , Troyanskaya Mariya , Ermolina Lilia , Bogoviz Aleksei V. , Lobova Svetlana 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibilities and barriers of the practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of higher education.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used SWOT analysis for determining preconditions and barriers as well as possibilities and threats that are related to the provision and practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of higher education and the method of modeling of socio-economic processes and systems for compiling a conceptual model of the provision and practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of higher education. Demand for the practical application of internationally recognized diplomas in modern Russia is determined with the method of analysis of statistical data (method of economic statistics). The information and analytical basis of the research consists of materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation.

Findings
It is shown by the example of modern Russia that the practical application of internationally recognized diplomas is popular, and universities that provide remote education possess wide possibilities in the sphere of their provision, as they are characterized by high flexibility that allows them to adapt to the international standards of university education. The barriers of the practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of higher education are caused by the lack of clear and generally recognized international standards of university education, absence of entrepreneurial culture of application of internationally recognized diplomas and absence of international organization that certifies activities of universities and issues licenses for internationally recognized diplomas.

Originality/value
In order to overcome these barriers, the authors created a conceptual model of the provision and practical application of internationally recognized diplomas of higher education.