bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Validity of the Proposed Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Criteria for Intrauterine Inflammation or Infection
Authors: Ona Samsiya , Easter Sarah Rae , Prabhu Malavika , Wilkie Gianna , Tuomala Ruth E. , Riley Laura E. , Diouf Khady 
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the test characteristics of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria for intrauterine inflammation or infection or both (triple I) and rates of adverse outcomes in a cohort of febrile intrapartum women.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study included women at 24 weeks of gestation or greater from June 2015 to September 2017 at a single tertiary hospital with a temperature 100.4°F or greater (38.0°C) during labor or within 1 hour postpartum, all of whom had blood culture data. Women with a fetal demise, expectantly managed preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, or nonobstetric infections were excluded. Documented fever was defined as a single temperature 102.2°F or greater (39.0°C) or a temperature 100.4°F or greater (38.0°C) but less than 102.2°F (39.0°C) on two measurements 45 minutes apart. We defined two analysis groups: 1) suspected triple I, defined as women with documented fever with clinical signs of infection; and 2) isolated maternal fever, defined as women with at least one temperature 100.4°F or greater (38.0°C) who did not meet criteria for suspected triple I. We assessed test characteristics of suspected triple I to predict 1) confirmed triple I, defined as suspected triple I with placental pathology diagnostic of infection; and 2) adverse clinical infectious outcome, defined as a composite of maternal and neonatal adverse infectious outcomes. We also calculated the incidence of adverse clinical infectious outcomes for both groups.

RESULTS:
Three hundred thirty-nine women were analyzed: 212 with suspected triple I and 127 with isolated maternal fever. Baseline demographic and obstetric characteristics were similar between groups. The incidence of adverse clinical infectious outcomes was 11.8% among women with suspected triple I and 9.5% among women with isolated maternal fever (P=.50). The sensitivity and specificity of suspected triple I for confirmed triple I were 71.4% (95% CI 61.4–80.1%) and 40.5% (95% CI 33.6–47.8%), respectively, and for an adverse clinical infectious outcome were 67.6% (95% CI 50.2–82.0%) and 38.1% (95% CI 32.6–43.8%), respectively.

CONCLUSION:
Applying the NICHD criteria to guide clinical diagnosis and management of intrauterine infection or inflammation may overlook an important proportion of laboring febrile women at risk for adverse infectious outcomes.
Daytime Compared With Nighttime Differences in Management and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , McGee Paula , Bailit Jennifer L. , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Leveno Kenneth J. , Caritis Steve N. , Prasad Mona , Tita Alan T. N. , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: December 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To assess whether postpartum hemorrhage management or subsequent morbidity differs based on whether delivery occurred during the day or night.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter observational obstetric cohort of more than 115,000 mother–neonate pairs from 25 hospitals (2008–2011). This analysis included women delivering singleton or twin births who experienced postpartum hemorrhage (estimated blood loss greater than 500 cc for vaginal delivery, estimated blood loss greater than 1,000 cc for cesarean delivery, or documented treatment for postpartum hemorrhage). Nighttime delivery was defined as that occurring between 8 pm and 6 am. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal morbidity (death, hysterectomy, intensive care unit admission, transfusion, or unanticipated procedure for bleeding). Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss, uterotonic use, and procedures to treat bleeding that occurred during the postpartum hospitalization. Multivariable logistic, linear, quantile, and multinomial regression models were used to assess associations between nighttime delivery and outcomes, adjusting for potential patient-level confounders and hospital as a fixed effect.

RESULTS:
In total, 2,709 (34.2%) of 7,917 women with postpartum hemorrhage delivered at night. Women who delivered at night were younger, had a lower body mass index, and were more likely to have government-sponsored insurance, be nulliparous, have hypertension, use neuraxial analgesia, and deliver vaginally. After adjusting for potential confounders, the primary composite outcome of maternal morbidity was similar regardless of night compared with day delivery (15.5% night vs 17.5% day; adjusted odds ratio 0.89, 95% CI 0.77–1.03). Some secondary outcomes, including mean EBL, frequency of uterotonic use, and time from delivery to first uterotonic dose, differed on unadjusted analyses, but these associations did not persist in multivariable analysis. The study had limited power to assess differences in uncommon outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
Nighttime delivery was not associated with significant differences in postpartum hemorrhage–related management or morbidity.
Composite Antropyloric Valve and Gluteus Maximus Muscle Wrap for Neoanal Reconstruction: Initial Results
Authors: Chandra Abhijit , Mishra Brijesh , Kumar Saket , Chopra Nikhil , Gupta Vivek , Dangi Amit , Gorla Pavan Kumar , Gupta Vishal 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:
Severe fecal incontinence has a significant negative impact on patient well-being. Current surgical methods of total anorectal reconstruction to substitute a colostomy have suboptimal results. A composite graft using antropyloric valve transposition and gracilis wrap has been described with good outcomes. However, this procedure requires extensive training of patients. Gluteus maximus, an accessory muscle for continence, may be better suited for this purpose.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of composite antropylorus–gluteus graft for intractable fecal incontinence.

DESIGN:
Patients underwent a 3-stage procedure: antropyloric transposition with diversion stoma followed by gluteus wrap. Stoma was closed after ensuring the anatomic and functional integrity of the graft.

SETTINGS:
This study was conducted at a single tertiary care institution.

PATIENTS:
Patients who were on permanent colostomy for intractable incontinence or would have had one after abdominoperineal resection were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Endoultrasonography, MRI, loopogram, saline holding test, anal manometry, St. Mark’s fecal incontinence score, and personal interviews were used for measurement.

RESULTS:
Eleven patients underwent the procedure with a median follow-up of 16 months (range, 13–34 mo). Digital rectal examination revealed a resting tone with a distinct squeeze provided by the composite graft. Radiological imaging confirmed healthy grafts. There was a significant improvement in mean anal manometry values (resting pressure: preoperative = 10.25 mm Hg vs postoperative = 20.45 mm Hg; squeeze pressure: preoperative = 22.63 mm Hg vs postoperative = 105.18 mm Hg) and mean incontinence score postprocedure (preoperative = 22.8 vs postoperative = 8.6). On personal interview, majority of the patients were continent and expressed satisfaction with the procedure.

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its small sample size with no control group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Composite graft in patients with intractable fecal incontinence can serve as a viable novel method for total anorectal reconstruction. However, it should only be recommended for a highly select group of individuals in a surveillance setting. Its long-term outcomes remain to be determined as well as its risk versus benefit.
Clinical and Sociobehavioral Prediction Model of 30-Day Hospital Readmissions Among People With HIV and Substance Use Disorder: Beyond Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Nijhawan Ank E. , Metsch Lisa R. , Zhang Song , Feaster Daniel J. , Gooden Lauren , Jain Mamta K. , Walker Robrina , Huffaker Shannon , Mugavero Michael J. , Jacobs Petra , Armstrong Wendy S. , Daar Eric S. , Sullivan Meg , del Rio Carlos , Halm Ethan A. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Under the Affordable Care Act, hospitals receive reduced reimbursements for excessive 30-day readmissions. However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services does not consider social and behavioral variables in expected readmission rate calculations, which may unfairly penalize systems caring for socially disadvantaged patients, including patients with HIV.

Setting:
Randomized controlled trial of patient navigation with or without financial incentives in HIV-positive substance users recruited from the inpatient setting at 11 US hospitals.

Methods:
External validation of an existing 30-day readmission prediction model, using variables available in the electronic health record (EHR-only model), in a new multicenter cohort of HIV-positive substance users was assessed by C-statistic and Hosmer–Lemeshow testing. A second model evaluated sociobehavioral factors in improving the prediction model (EHR-plus model) using multivariable regression and C-statistic with cross-validation.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 44.1 years, and participants were predominantly males (67.4%), non-white (88.0%), and poor (62.8%, <$20,000/year). Overall, 17.5% individuals had a hospital readmission within 30 days of initial hospital discharge. The EHR-only model resulted in a C-statistic of 0.65 (95% confidence interval: 0.60 to 0.70). Inclusion of additional sociobehavioral variables, food insecurity and readiness for substance use treatment, in the EHR-plus model resulted in a C-statistic of 0.74 (0.71 after cross-validation, 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.77).

Conclusions:
Incorporation of detailed social and behavioral variables substantially improved the performance of a 30-day readmission prediction model for hospitalized HIV-positive substance users. Our findings highlight the importance of social determinants in readmission risk and the need to ask about, adjust for, and address them.
A Comprehensive Model of Factors Associated With Capability to “Live Well” for Family Caregivers of People Living With Mild-to-Moderate Dementia
Authors: Clare Linda , Wu Yu-Tzu , Quinn Catherine , Jones Ian R. , Victor Christina R. , Nelis Sharon M. , Martyr Anthony , Litherland Rachael , Pickett James A. , Hindle John V. , Jones Roy W. , Knapp Martin , Kopelman Michael D. , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer M. , Thom Jeanette M. , Lamont Ruth A. , Henderson Catherine , Rippon Isla , Hillman Alexandra , Matthews Fiona E. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Understanding key influences on outcomes for caregivers of people with dementia is hampered by inconsistent conceptualization and measurement of outcomes and limited evidence about the relative impact of different variables. We aimed to address these issues.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 1283 caregivers of community-dwelling individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia in the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life cohort study. We generated a “living well” latent factor from measures of quality of life, satisfaction with life, and well-being. We used structural equation modelling to derive latent variables for 7 domains reflecting caregivers’ perceptions of their personal resources and experiences, and to examine the associations with caregivers’ perceptions of their capability to “live well.”

Results:
The domain of psychological characteristics and psychological health was most strongly related to living well [2.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08-2.97], followed by physical fitness and physical health (1.48; 95% CI, 1.04-1.91) and experiencing caregiving (1.34; 95% CI, 0.99-1.70). Social capitals, assets and resources (0.68; 95% CI, 0.35-1.00) and relationship with the person with dementia (−0.22; 95% CI, −0.41 to −0.03) had smaller, significant associations. Social location (0.28; 95% CI, −0.33 to 0.89) and managing everyday life with dementia (0.06; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.28) were not significantly associated with living well.

Discussion:
These findings demonstrate the importance of supporting caregivers’ psychological and physical health and their ability to develop and maintain positive coping strategies, as well as enabling them to maintain vital social capitals, assets and resources.
A Comprehensive Model of Factors Associated With Subjective Perceptions of “Living Well” With Dementia
Authors: Clare Linda , Wu Yu-Tzu , Jones Ian R. , Victor Christina R. , Nelis Sharon M. , Martyr Anthony , Quinn Catherine , Litherland Rachael , Pickett James A. , Hindle John V. , Jones Roy W. , Knapp Martin , Kopelman Michael D. , Morris Robin G. , Rusted Jennifer M. , Thom Jeanette M. , Lamont Ruth A. , Henderson Catherine , Rippon Isla , Hillman Alexandra , Matthews Fiona E. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
We aimed to better understand what predicts the capability to “live well” with dementia by identifying the relative contribution of life domains associated with the subjective experience of living well.

Methods:
We analyzed data from 1547 individuals with mild-to-moderate dementia in the IDEAL cohort. We generated a “living well” latent factor from measures of quality of life, satisfaction with life, and well-being. We used multivariate modeling to identify variables related to living well measures and structural equation modeling to derive latent variables for 5 life domains and to examine the associations of these domains with living well.

Results:
All 5 domains were individually associated with living well. When modeled together, the psychological characteristics and psychological health domain was the only independent predictor of living well [effect size, 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.93-4.17], and effect sizes were smaller for physical fitness and physical health (1.23, 95% CI: −0.10 to 2.58), social capitals, assets and resources (0.67; 95% CI: −0.04 to 1.38), managing everyday life with dementia (0.33; 95% CI: −0.06 to 0.71), and social location (0.08; 95% CI: −2.10 to 2.26).

Discussion:
Psychological resources, and the social, environmental, and physical factors that underpin positive psychological states, are potentially important targets for interventions and initiatives that aim to improve the experience of living with dementia.
Long-term clinical outcome in vestibular neuritis
Authors: Bronstein Adolfo M. , Dieterich Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To review recent work on clinical and imaging aspects of vestibular neuritis (or acute vestibular syndrome), in particular with a view to identifying factors predicting long-term clinical outcome.

Recent findings
Evidence for a role of inflammation in the vestibular nerve, and the presence of Gadolinium enhancement acutely in vestibular neuritis, is accruing. Visual dependence, anxiety and somatization traits predict the development of chronic dizziness after acute vestibular neuritis. Adaptation to asymmetric rotation is impaired in vestibular neuritis and this may indicate insufficient central compensation in chronic dizzy patients. Corticosteroids appear ineffective at improving long-term clinical outcome. Functional imaging changes during the central compensation period lead to structural brain changes; both processes correlate with clinical recovery.

Summary
Vestibular neuritis appears to be the result of postviral neuroinflammation of the vestibular nerve. However, long-term prognosis is not dependent on the magnitude of the peripheral residual damage (as measured with caloric and video head-impulse test). Instead, a combination of visuovestibular psychophysical factors (visual dependence), psychological traits and dysfunctional vestibular perception are relevant. Several functional and structural neuroimaging changes develop after vestibular neuritis, which reflect and underlie the aforementioned psychophysiological and psychological features.
Dynamic localization of SPO11-1 and conformational changes of meiotic axial elements during recombination initiation of maize meiosis
Authors: Ku Jia-Chi , Ronceret Arnaud , Golubovskaya Inna , Lee Ding Hua , Wang Chiting , Timofejeva Ljudmilla , Kao Yu-Hsin , Angoa Ana Karen Gomez , Kremling Karl , Williams-Carrier Rosalind , Meeley Robert , Barkan Alice , Cande W. Zacheus , Wang Chung-Ju Rachel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMeiotic double-strand breaks (DSBs) are generated by the evolutionarily conserved SPO11 complex in the context of chromatin loops that are organized along axial elements (AEs) of chromosomes. However, how DSBs are formed with respect to chromosome axes and the SPO11 complex remains unclear in plants. Here, we confirm that DSB and bivalent formation are defective in maizespo11-1mutants. Super-resolution microscopy demonstrates dynamic localization of SPO11-1 during recombination initiation, with variable numbers of SPO11-1 foci being distributed in nuclei but similar numbers of SPO11-1 foci being found on AEs. Notably, cytological analysis ofspo11-1meiocytes revealed an aberrant AE structure. At leptotene, AEs of wild-type andspo11-1meiocytes were similarly curly and discontinuous. However, during early zygotene, wild-type AEs become uniform and exhibit shortened axes, whereas the elongated and curly AEs persisted inspo11-1mutants, suggesting that loss of SPO11-1 compromised AE structural maturation. Our results reveal an interesting relationship between SPO11-1 loading onto AEs and the conformational remodeling of AEs during recombination initiation.Author SummaryMeiosis is essential during sexual reproduction to produce haploid gametes. Recombination is the most crucial step during meiotic prophase I. It enables pairing of homologous chromosomes prior to their reductional division and generates new combinations of genetic alleles for transmission to the next generation. Meiotic recombination is initiated by generating DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via SPO11, a topoisomerase-related enzyme. The activity, timing and location of this DSB machinery must be controlled precisely, but how this is achieved remains obscure. Here, we show dynamic localization of SPO11-1 on chromatin during meiotic initiation in maize, yet a similar number of SPO11-1 is able to load onto axial elements (AEs), which accompanies a structural change of the AEs of wild-type meiotic chromosomes. Interestingly, loss of SPO11-1 not only affects DSB formation but also impairs structural alterations of AEs, resulting in abnormally long and curly AEs during early meiosis. Our study provides new insights into SPO11-1 localization during recombination initiation and suggests an intimate relationship between DSB formation and AE structural changes.
Evaluating the impact of coaching skills training on individual and corporate behaviour
Authors: Boak George , Crabbe Sarah 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of a training intervention designed to develop and encourage the use of coaching skills in a small arts-based organisation and assess the factors that appear to have influenced this impact.

Design/methodology/approach
The programme, its effects and factors that influenced its impact were assessed through ongoing feedback and evaluation and through information gathered in a focus group and in one-to-one interviews with participants at the conclusion of the programme.

Findings
The programme had individual and organisational benefits, including improved skills in communication and problem-solving and a better understanding of a range of problems affecting the organisation. Factors enabling these benefits included participation of senior managers in the programme and coaching practice that focused on real workplace issues. Factors limiting these benefits included a lack of a clear statement about the purpose of the programme.

Research limitations/implications
This relates to a programme within a single organisation, and the findings may not be generalisable.

Practical implications
Through training individuals in coaching skills, it is possible to improve the skills needed for cooperative working and joint problem-solving. A corporate training programme in coaching skills can surface a range of organisational problems and enable progress to be made in tackling them.

Originality/value
There is little empirical research evaluating the impact of training in coaching skills. This paper identifies how such training can develop leadership skills and indicates practical factors that may enhance or limit the impact of the training.
Do multicultural faculty members perform well in higher educational institutions?
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Awais , Alshagawi Mohammed , Zakariya Ahmad , Juhari Ariff Syah 
Published: December 2018

PurposeGlobalization has brought many challenges to organizations, namely, in managing the performance of multicultural workforces to achieve organizational objectives. Past researchers have highlighted many factors that influence the employee’s performance, but the nature and scope of these factors is limited to the conventional setting. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive framework to better understand the role of the psychological diversity climate, HRM practices and personality traits (Big Five) in job satisfaction and performance of the multicultural workforce.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 258 faculty members working in Saudi Arabia’s higher educational sector. Structural equation modeling was used with Amos 18 to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest that managers should adopt diversity practices to improve the psychological diversity climate among multicultural workforce. In addition, diversity training and unbiased performance appraisal systems also increase the faculty member’s job satisfaction and performance in multicultural settings. Finally, managers should consider openness to culture and sociability traits while selecting faculty members to work in multicultural settings.Originality/valueThis framework has never been tested in higher educational institutions and in multicultural setting.