bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prejudice and Inclusiveness in Adolescence: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation and Multiple Categorization
Authors: Albarello Flavia , Crocetti Elisabetta , Rubini Monica 
Published: August 2019

This study examined the relations of multiple categorization and social dominance orientation with adolescents’ prejudice against migrants and identification with the human group over time. Participants were 304 Northern‐Italian late adolescents (61.84% female, Mage = 17.49) involved in a three‐wave longitudinal study (with 3 months interval between waves). Results showed that multiple categorization was negatively linked to prejudice at a later time, whereas social dominance orientation was positively associated with it; prejudice also negatively affected multiple categorization and positively affected social dominance orientation at a later time. Moreover, prejudice mediated the effects of multiple categorization and social dominance orientation on human identification. These findings have important implications suggesting the construens effect of multiple categorization for enhancing social inclusiveness.
Comprehensive characterization of a Canadian cohort of von Hippel‐Lindau disease patients
Authors: Salama Yasser , Albanyan Saleh , Szybowska Marta , Bullivant Garrett , Gallinger Bailey , Giles Rachel H. , Asa Sylvia , Badduke Chansonette , Chiorean Andreea , Druker Harriet , Ezzat Shereen , Hannah‐Shmouni Fady , Hernandez Karen G. , Inglese Cara , Jani Payal , Kaur Yuvreet , Krema Hatem , Krimus Lior , Laperriere Normand , Lichner Zsuzanna , Mete Ozgur , Sit Marisa , Zadeh Gelareh , Jewett Michael A.S. , Malkin David , Stockley Tracy , Wasserman Jonathan D. , Xu Wei , Schachter Nathan F. , Kim Raymond H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVon Hippel‐Lindau disease (VHL) is a heritable condition caused by pathogenic variants in VHL and is characterized by benign and malignant lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) and abdominal viscera. Due to its variable expressivity, existing efforts to collate VHL patient data do not adequately capture all VHL manifestations. We developed a comprehensive and standardized VHL database in the web‐based application, REDCap, that thoroughly captures all VHL manifestation data. As an initial trial, information from 86 VHL patients from the University Health Network/Hospital for Sick Children was populated into the database. Analysis of this cohort showed missense variants occurring with the greatest frequency, with all variants localizing to the α‐ or β‐domains of VHL. The most prevalent manifestations were central nervous system (CNS), renal, and retinal neoplasms, which were associated with frameshift variants and large deletions. We observed greater age‐related penetrance for CNS hemangioblastomas with truncating variants compared to missense, while the reverse was true for pheochromocytomas. We demonstrate the utility of a comprehensive VHL database, which supports the standardized collection of clinical and genetic data specific to this patient population. Importantly, we expect that its web‐based design will facilitate broader international collaboration and lead to a better understanding of VHL.
Multicenter study of autoimmune gastritis in Japan: Clinical and endoscopic characteristics
Authors: Terao Shuichi , Suzuki Shiho , Yaita Hiroki , Kurahara Koichi , Shunto Johji , Furuta Takahisa , Maruyama Yasuhiko , Ito Masanori , Kamada Tomoari , Aoki Rika , Inoue Kazuhiko , Manabe Noriaki , Haruma Ken 
Published: August 2019

Background and AimIn Japan, the prevalence of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is assumed to be very low. With the recent rapid decrease in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) prevalence, reports on AIG are increasing. This multicenter registry study aimed to clarify the characteristics of AIG, especially its endoscopic appearance.MethodsA total of 245 patients with AIG from 11 institutions in Japan from January 2010 to October 2016 were included, and their clinical and endoscopic findings were evaluated.ResultsMean age was 67.2 ± 11.4 years, and 63.7% of the participants were women. The most common approach to diagnose AIG was endoscopic examination. Repeated incorrect treatment for Hp infection, due to a false‐positive result in 13C‐urea breath test, ranked third among the basis for diagnosis of AIG. Associated gastric lesions were type 1 neuroendocrine tumor (11.4%), adenocarcinoma (9.8%), and hyperplastic polyps (21.1%). Corpus pan‐atrophy was the most common appearance (90.1%); however, remnant oxyntic mucosa was found in 31.5% of the patients (flat, localized type, 48.6%). Sticky adherent dense mucus and scattered minute whitish protrusions were also observed in approximately 30% of the patients. Despite the prevailing presumption of the antral mucosa remaining normal, 42.3% of the patients presented with various extents of atrophy, and patchy redness and circular wrinkle‐like patterns were both observed in approximately 20% of the patients.ConclusionsThe present study showed some prominent clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings of AIG. We believe that our study will facilitate the diagnosis of potential AIG.
European Electronic Personal Health Records initiatives and vulnerable migrants: A need for greater ethical, legal and social safeguards
Authors: Feeney Oliver , Werner‐Felmayer Gabriele , Siipi Helena , Frischhut Markus , Zullo Silvia , Barteczko Ursela , Øystein Ursin Lars , Linn Shai , Felzmann Heike , Krajnović Dušanka , Saunders John , Rakić Vojin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe effective collection and management of personal data of rapidly migrating populations is important for ensuring adequate healthcare and monitoring of a displaced peoples’ health status. With developments in ICT data sharing capabilities, electronic personal health records (ePHRs) are increasingly replacing less transportable paper records. ePHRs offer further advantages of improving accuracy and completeness of information and seem tailored for rapidly displaced and mobile populations. Various emerging initiatives in Europe are seeking to develop migrant‐centric ePHR responses. This paper highlights their importance and benefits, but also identifies a number of significant ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) and challenges to their design and implementation, regarding (1) the kind of information that should be stored, (2) who should have access to information, and (3) potential misuse of information. These challenges need to be urgently addressed to make possible the beneficial use of ePHRs for vulnerable migrants in Europe.
Cortical activation in generalized seizures
Authors: Ding Li , Satish Sanjana , Zhou Chengwen , Gallagher Martin J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePatients with generalized epilepsy exhibit different epileptiform events including asymptomatic interictal spikes (IS), absence seizures with spike‐wave discharges (SWDs), and myoclonic seizures (MS). Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activation in SWDs, IS, and MS in the Gabra1+/A322D juvenile myoclonic epilepsy mouse.MethodsWe fabricated affordable, flexible high‐density electroencephalography (HdEEG) arrays and recorded spontaneous SWD, IS, and MS with video/HdEEG. We determined differences among the events in amplitude spectral density (ASD) in the δ/θ/α/β/γ frequency bands at baseline (3.5‐4.0 seconds before the first spike time, t0) and the prespike period (0.1‐0.5 seconds before t0), and we elucidated the spatiotemporal activation during the t0 spike.ResultsAll three events had an increase in ASD between baseline and prespike in at least one frequency band. During prespike, MS had the largest δ‐band ASD, but SWD had the greatest α/β/γ band ASD. For all three events, the ASD was largest in the anterior regions. The t0 spike voltage was also greatest in the anterior regions for all three events and IS and MS had larger voltages than SWD. From 7.5 to 17.5 msec after t0, MS had greater voltage than IS and SWD, and maximal voltage was in the posterior parietal region.SignificanceChanges in spectral density from baseline to prespike indicate that none of these generalized events are instantaneous or entirely unpredictable. Prominent engagement of anterior cortical regions during prespike and at t0 suggest that common anterior neural circuits participate in each event. Differences in prespike ASD signify that although the events may engage similar brain regions, they may arise from distinct proictal states with different neuronal activity or connectivity. Prolonged activation of the posterior parietal area in MS suggests that posterior circuits contribute to the myoclonic jerk. Together, these findings identify brain regions and processes that could be specifically targeted for further recording and modulation.
State formation and identity: Historiographical trends concerning South America's War of the Triple Alliance
Authors: Izecksohn Vitor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe War of the Triple Alliance shaped state formation in the Rio De La Plata Basin during the second half of the 19th century. Historians have long debated how emerging countries could have endured such protracted periods of fighting. Recently, however, historiography has moved away from patriotic and military accounts and towards social and political analyses of civilian responses to the bloodbath. These responses had profound consequences for the fragile regional order postindependence. Paraguay, the loser, suffered unspeakable destruction. However, the political systems of the winners, Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, were also challenged as initial popular enthusiasm succumbed to the difficult requisites of war. This paper explores how historians have dealt with political, cultural, and demographic changes as war support and resistance waxed and waned over time in the belligerent countries. The war demanded the utmost sacrifices from civilians and soldiers, and their responses created new national identities throughout the Rio de la Plata Basin.
Effect of molding machine’s stiffness on the thickness of molded glass rings
Authors: Zhou Jian , Li Lihua , Ng Man Cheung , Lee Wing Bun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEnsuring the final center thickness of molded optics within specified tolerance is one standard requirement for precision glass molding. In this study, we mainly discuss why and how the machine's stiffness affects the final thickness of molded glass rings. To this end, molding experiments using displacement control mode are performed at different molding temperatures. Additionally, tailored tests are conducted to determine the mechanical stiffness and thermal deformation of the molding machine. Thermo‐displacement coupled finite element simulations are employed to reveal how the molding behaviors and the thickness evolution depend on the machine's stiffness. Results show that the final thickness deviation is mainly related to the maximum generated machine deformation during pressing, and thus decreases with the machine's stiffness. The influence extent of the machine's stiffness remarkably decreases with the molding temperature, which explains why the experimental final thickness results decrease as well. Besides, compared to the rigid machine assumption, the simulated thickness results under the real machine's stiffness, are well coherent with the experiments, which proves the importance of considering the machine's stiffness. Finally, it is demonstrated that applying a period of position holding after pressing at molding temperature, can effectively reduce the final thickness deviation.
Proteome changes in renal cortex and medulla induced by dietary supplementation with inulin‐type fructans in growing pigs
Authors: Robak Paulina , Ożgo Małgorzata , Lepczyński Adam , Herosimczyk Agnieszka , Barszcz Marcin , Taciak Marcin , Skomiał Jacek 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with inulin extract from chicory root and dried chicory root on the protein profile of the renal cortex and medulla of growing pigs. The experiment was carried out on renal cortex and medulla tissue collected from 24 50‐day‐old PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets (males). Animals were divided into three dietary groups (n = 8) and fed with a control diet, diet supplemented with 2% inulin extract from chicory root and a diet supplemented with 4% dried chicory root. Kidney samples were collected after 40 days of feeding, and renal cortex and medulla proteins were separated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis. Protein identification was performed using MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The diet supplemented with 2% chicory inulin induced significant expression changes of 20 and 26 protein spots in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Supplementation with 4% dried chicory root triggered changes in the expression of 44 and 24 proteins in the renal cortex and medulla respectively. Both forms of chicory inulin‐type fructans effectively affected the expression of proteins involved in energy metabolism, heat shock proteins and other chaperones, cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton‐related proteins, as well as other proteins. Additionally, changes in transferrin abundance in both experimental groups suggested the significance of chicory fructan supplementation for iron absorption and bioavailability. In conclusion, 2% inulin extract from chicory root and 4% dried chicory root exerted a similar effect on changes in renal protein expression; however, more pronounced alterations were induced by dried chicory root. Nevertheless, further studies are needed for better understanding the mechanism underlying the effect of chicory inulin‐type fructans and their fermentation end products on the kidneys of growing pigs.
Survivability of presolar oxygen isotopic signature of amorphous silicate dust in the protosolar disk
Authors: Yamamoto Daiki , Tachibana Shogo , Kawasaki Noriyuki , Yurimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxygen isotope exchange experiments between tens of nanometer‐sized amorphous enstatite grains and water vapor were carried out under a condition of protoplanetary disk‐like low water vapor pressure in order to investigate the survivability of distinct oxygen isotope signatures of presolar silicate grains in the protosolar disk. Oxygen isotope exchange between amorphous enstatite and water vapor proceeded at 923–1003 K and 0.3 Pa of water vapor through diffusive isotope exchange in the amorphous structure. The rate of diffusive isotope exchange is given by D (m2 s–1) = (5.0 ± 0.2) × 10–21 exp[–161.3 ± 1.7 (kJ mol–1) R–1 (1/T–1/1200)]. The activation energy for the diffusive isotope exchange for amorphous enstatite is the same as that for amorphous forsterite within the analytical uncertainties, but the isotope exchange rate is ~30 times slower in amorphous enstatite because of the difference in frequency factor of the reaction. The reaction kinetics indicates that 0.1–1 μm‐sized presolar amorphous silicate dust with enstatite and forsterite compositions would avoid oxygen isotope exchange with protosolar disk water vapor only if they were kept at temperatures below ~500–650 K within the lifetime of the disk gas.
A role for the Salmonella Type III Secretion System 1 in bacterial adaptation to the cytosol of epithelial cells
Authors: Chong Audrey , Starr Tregei , Finn Ciaran E. , Steele‐Mortimer Olivia 
Published: August 2019

SummarySalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that invades the intestinal epithelium. Following invasion of epithelial cells, Salmonella survives and replicates within two distinct intracellular niches. While all of the bacteria are initially taken up into a membrane bound vacuole, the Salmonella‐containing vacuole or SCV, a significant proportion of them promptly escape into the cytosol. Cytosolic Salmonella replicates more rapidly compared to the vacuolar population, although the reasons for this are not well understood. SipA, a multi‐function effector protein, has been shown to affect intracellular replication and is secreted by cytosolic Salmonella via the invasion‐associated Type III Secretion System 1 (T3SS1). Here, we have used a multipronged microscopy approach to show that SipA does not affect bacterial replication rates per se, but rather mediates intra‐cytosolic survival and/or initiation of replication following bacterial egress from the SCV. Altogether, our findings reveal an important role for SipA in the early survival of cytosolic Salmonella.
The feasting table as the gateway to hell on the early modern stage and page
Authors: Seymour Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhen banquets are performed on the early modern stage, devils can be seen beside the eaters. This is notably the case when grace has not been said properly before the meal. This article focuses on a group of four texts: Thomas Dekker's If This Be Not a Good Play, The Devil Is In It (1611), Thomas Heywood and Richard Brome's The Late Lancashire Witches (1634), William Winstanley's The Essex Champion (1690?), and Christopher Marlowe's Dr Faustus (c.1592). These texts contain particularly striking examples of an early modern anxiety about the importance of saying grace and eating piously rather than greedily for maintaining hierarchies within the state and the household. They also show the ways in which debates about the Eucharist underlie, and can be mapped on to, representations of saying grace. The article demonstrates that the theatre makes visible early modern concerns about souls imperilled and household hierarchies destabilised by improper eating practices.
Pigeonholes and Mustard Seeds: Growing Capacity to use Data for Society
Authors: Ashby Deborah 
Published: August 2019

Summary
The Royal Statistical Society was founded to address social problems ‘through the collection and classification of facts’, leading to many developments in the collection of data, the development of methods for analysing them and the development of statistics as a profession. Nearly 200 years later an explosion in computational power has led, in turn, to an explosion in data. We outline the challenges and the actions needed to exploit those data for the public good, and to address the step change in statistical skills and capacity development necessary to enable our vision of a world where data are at the heart of understanding and decision making.
TALE homeobox heterodimer GSM1/GSP1 is a molecular switch that prevents unwarranted genetic recombination in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Kariyawasam Thamali , Joo Sunjoo , Lee Jenny , Toor Deepak , Gao Ally F. , Noh Kyung‐Chul , Lee Jae‐Hyeok 
Published: August 2019

SummaryEukaryotic sexual life cycles alternate between haploid and diploid stages, the transitions between which are delineated by cell fusion and meiotic division. Transcription factors in the TALE‐class homeobox family, GSM1 and GSP1, predominantly control gene expression for the haploid‐to‐diploid transition during sexual reproduction in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To understand the roles that GSM1 and GSP1 play in zygote development, we used gsm1 and gsp1 mutants and examined fused gametes that normally undergo the multiple organellar fusions required for the genetic unity of the zygotes. In gsm1 and gsp1 zygotes, no fusion was observed for the nucleus and chloroplast. Surprisingly, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which undergo dynamic autologous fusion/fission, did not undergo heterologous fusions in gsm1 or gsp1 zygotes. Furthermore, the mutants failed to resorb their flagella, an event that normally renders the zygotes immotile. When gsm1 and gsp1 zygotes resumed the mitotic cycle, their two nuclei fused prior to mitosis, but neither chloroplastic nor mitochondrial fusion took place, suggesting that these fusions are specifically turned on by GSM1/GSP1. Taken together, this study shows that organellar restructuring during zygotic diploidization does not occur by default but is triggered by a combinatorial switch, the GSM1/GSP1 dyad. This switch may represent an ancient mechanism that evolved to restrict genetic recombination during sexual development.
Integrated Fluxes in Magneto-Hydrodynamic Mixed Convection in a Cavity Sustained by Conjugate Heat Transfer
Authors: Mookherjee Orkodip , Pramanik Shantanu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A numerical study of magneto-hydrodynamic mixed convection in a cavity has been conducted to investigate the influence of magnetic field on integrated flux of thermal energy, linear momentum, and kinetic energy. Shear force through lid motion establishes the forced convection effect and buoyancy force due to differential heating of the moving lid and the stationary interface ensures the natural convection phenomenon. Additionally, conduction through the solid slab with prescribed temperature at the outer surface attached to the cavity induces conjugate heat transfer. Further, the top and bottom walls throughout the domain are kept insulated and a uniform horizontal magnetic field is applied on the interface toward left. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are examined for a range of Hartmann number (Ha): 0, 10, 50, and 120 at fixed values of Reynolds number, Grashof number, and Prandtl number of 300, 9 × 104 and 0.71, respectively. The result shows that the transport of heat in the near wall regions of the fluid domain is primarily governed by diffusion, whereas advection appears stronger in the central region of the cavity. Increase in magnetic field strength from Ha = 0 to 120 gradually suppresses the recirculating structure of the flow signifying a reduction in advective strength as depicted by the decrease in the value of total integrated heat flux from 25.15×10-3 to 6.0×10-3. The reduction in heat flux, momentum fluxes, and kinetic energy fluxes with increase in magnetic field has been well correlated in the range of 0≤Ha≤120.
Combined Effects of Variable Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity on Peristaltic Flow of Pseudoplastic Nanofluid in an Inclined Non-Uniform Asymmetric Channel: Applications to Solar Collectors
Authors: Hasona W. M. , Almalki N. H. , ElShekhipy A. A. , Ibrahim M. G. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As conduction, convection, and radiation are fundamental modes of heat emitter and transfer, this paper looks at the influences of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and thermal radiation on peristaltic flow of pseudoplastic nanofluids in an inclined non-uniform asymmetric channel. Inclined magnetic field is taken into consideration. As the Wiedemann–Franz law in metals, electrical conductivity has identical behavior as that of thermal conductivity; as freely animated evenness, electrons transfer not only electric current but also heat energy. Consequently, electrical conductivity should be depending on the temperature of nanoparticles. The related equations of momentum, mass, and concentration are reformulated using lubrication approximations (i.e., tiny or zero Reynolds number and long wavelength). The resulting system of nonlinear equations is solved semi-numerically with the aid of the parametric ND solve package using mathematica version 11. Results of velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are obtained in the analytical three-dimensional forms. The streamline graphs are offered in the terminus, which elucidate the trapping bolus phenomenon. As a special case, a comparison is made and signified with the recently published results by Hayat et al. (2016, Soret and Dufour Effects in MHD Peristalsis of Pseudoplastic Nanofluid With Chemical Reaction,” J. Mol. Liq., 220, pp. 693–706). It's found that, the increases in thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity cause an increase in the temperature of nanofluid and the heat transfer rate gets induced so a better absorption of solar energy is gained.