bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Producing High-Quality 3-D Models for Specimen Research with the Creaform 3-D Scanner at the Sternberg Museum of Natural History
Authors: Shelburne Edward 
Published: June 2018

Digitization of natural history collections for specimen accessibility, research, and posterity has been a major push in museums over the past decade. One increasingly common form of specimen digitization is three-dimensional (3-D) surface scanning. There are numerous 3-D scanners on the market, including visible light and laser surface scanners. However, mobility of the scanning device, mesh resolution, and texture fidelity are among the most prominent issues facing regular implementation of 3-D scanning procedures for research purposes. Morphometrics research involving the digitization of Xiphactinus at the Sternberg Museum of Natural History (FHSM) using a Creaform Go!SCAN 50 visible light 3-D surface scanner has necessitated the development of a workflow using this 3-D scanner and the associated VXelements software. This workflow maximizes model quality with minimal loss of speed or efficiency when scanning numerous specimens. Major components of this workflow include proper use of positioning targets, appropriate merging of multiple specimen scans, and how to perform post-processing on models without sacrificing model resolution or texture.
The primary benefit of the Creaform 3-D scanner is hardware mobility, allowing for use on large exhibited specimens or digitizing specimens during research trips. Shortcomings include relatively low mesh resolution, (bottoming out at 0.5 mm), difficulty scanning highly complex structures, and low texture fidelity of scanned models. However, texture fidelity can be improved through use of the free software, Meshlab, by overlaying high-quality stacked photographs onto the 3-D mesh. Incorporating Meshlab texture overlays into the workflow allows for the production of digital models with improved color and textural data – ideal for accurate visualization of specimens in 3-D viewers for educational outreach and online databases. While not perfect for all applications, the Creaform 3-D scanner allows for rapid digitization of specimens in an increasingly digital collections environment, and is sufficient for some research applications. The workflow established at the FHSM can serve as a framework for other institutions to use the Creaform 3-D scanner to best suit their digitization needs.
A Workflow for Adding Specimen Metadata to Images Captured in the Field
Authors: Levy Richard 
Published: June 2018

Museum collections and their use is bolstered by supplying robust and comprehensive metadata and supplementary assets, such as genetic samples, methodology metadata, and images. In speaking with and working alongside scientists interested in using museum specimen data for addressing ecological questions, it has often been brought up that understanding the context in which a specimen was collected can lend helpful insight. One such way of adding contextual information to our collections is the capture of in situ and habitat images in the field during collection. Managing and linking such images with specimen data poses a logistical challenge.
Collections managers and field researchers at the Denver Botanic Gardens have created a workflow that allows for the recording of image metadata in the field and the eventual addition of Darwin Core occurrence metadata to in situ and habitat field image files. Designated field photographers, a role that can be filled by volunteers or paid field assistants, record information pertaining to each image they capture. Upon returning from the field, the data is uploaded to a MySQL database, alongside associated specimen and site data. The data is then queried in the form of a script and utilizing the ExifTool application, the information is then added to the XMP metadata of the image. Having this data embedded within the image not only aids in linking the corresponding field images with their specimen records, but also in the downstream management and access to images from the field. Here I present the current workflow we have developed and how its use has aided our effort to curate data rich specimens and images.
Using Data From Index Herbariorum to Assess Threats to the World’s Herbaria
Authors: Thiers Barbara , Rivas Roslyn , Kiernan Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

During the past few years, natural disasters, political or social unrest and institutional actions have imperiled herbaria. The question has been raised multiple times whether or not the data gathered about herbaria in Index Herbariorum could be used to predict which herbaria are at the greatest risk. Armed with such knowledge curators and the greater collections community might be in a better position to safeguard those herbaria. To explore the feasibility of using Index Herbariorum data in this way, we have identified a set of specific threats and then scored herbaria according to their susceptibility to those threats. These threats fall into two categories: Physical and Administrative. Physical threats are those that could lead to loss of collections through outright destruction due to catastrophic events (e.g., earthquake, flood) or loss of the protective controls (e.g., air conditioning, building security) that ensure a safe collections environment. Determination of these threats is based on location.
Administrative threats involve decisions made by the governing body to remove staff support, appropriate space or climate control measures for the collection. Physical threats were determined using GIS to plot the location of all herbaria, and then overlaying these with map layers indicating current earthquakes, floods, cyclones and landslides and potential future threats (sea level rise and civil unrest). We deduced Administrative threats from Index Herbariorum data elements. These include the status of the herbarium (active or inactive), whether or not the Index Herbariorum entry for an institution has been updated in the past 10 years, whether or not the herbarium has a designated curator, the ratio of staff to specimens, and whether or not the collection has been digitized. Each threat was assessed as absent or present, and assigned a value of 0 or 1 accordingly. Using this method, less than 4% face no identified threats; 65% face one to three threats and 35% face five or more threats. The criteria used in this study cannot alone predict the future security of a collection, or the lack thereof. The reasons for the loss of a collection are usually more complicated than Index Herbariorum data can convey. However, the large proportion of herbaria that face multiple threats suggests that all herbaria should be aware of the risk factors for their collection, perhaps conducting a self-evaluation using the criteria presented here or others, and where possible should incorporate responses to those threats into their strategic and disaster preparedness plans.
Panel Discussion: Institutional Earthquakes and Recovery Experiences: Continuing to be Collections Stewards in an Uncertain World
Authors: Butler Carol , Quaisser Christiane 
Published: June 2018

Animals, plants, minerals, fossils etc. in our collections are part of our cultural and natural heritage. Their sustainable preservation and care is part of our mission as natural history collections and our main task. This demand for long-term stability is in contrast to an increasingly dynamic environment.
New technologies and methods enable different management and use of the collections. Research is moving from areas such as evolution and biodiversity discovery to applied sciences and public engagement with science. Institutional visions are changing over time with new leadership. Institutions are separating from or merging with other organizations. New laws and regulations are determining the way we collect and collaborate. Last but not least, we are facing a world of quickly changing financial resources, political and societal priorities, and values.
All these aspects have an impact on the way we manage and maintain our collections. Like earthquakes with possible impact in both directions, in positive, catalysing as well as negative, disruptive ways. Museum professionals have to deal with these challenges, react to them, anticipate them, and sometimes proactively integrate them into their plans and work.
What kind of questions are we facing as museum professionals? Is there always a correct decision? What is worth fighting for and what do we have to accept? How can museum professionals balance contradicting positions? How can we find alternatives?
Butler and Quaisser will draw upon their experiences in dealing with institutional earthquakes to lead a panel discussion with representatives from different management levels and institutional environments. We will focus on recovery experiences and strategies. We encourage the audience to bring their examples and experiences to the discussion engagement and hope for a lively and fruitful discussion that leads to greater capacity to recover quickly from these challenges.
Fatty meal sonography comparing coconut oil and chocolate bar with full-fat yoghurt as cholecystagogues for gallbladder ejection fractions
Authors: Spangenberg Benjamin , Janse van Rensburg Jacques 
Published: June 2018

Background: The authors compared the effectiveness of a chocolate bar and full-fat yoghurt combination to coconut oil in determining the gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF). The clinical motive was functional gallbladder disorder (FGD) which has the clinical picture of symptomatic gallstones but without gallstones. Functional gallbladder disorder has a decreased GBEF of less than 35%. Gallbladder ejection fraction can be calculated by ultrasound, using cholecystokinin (CCK) as a stimulant for gallbladder contraction. Cholecystokinin is not available in South Africa, and the researchers compared a 60 g Snickers chocolate bar with 200 g full-fat yoghurt, against the theoretically superior coconut oil. Objectives: To determine the efficacy of coconut oil versus chocolate bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt combination in performing sonographic GBEFs. Method: This was a randomised clinical experiment, before and after crossover trial. The three experimental components of the study included 15 g coconut oil, 20 g coconut oil and a standard fatty meal consisting of 60 g Snickers bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt. Results: The GBEF for the chocolate bar and yoghurt combination was the highest (62.84%). The GBEF for 20 g of coconut oil was 23.47% and for 15 g of coconut oil was 5.11%. There was a statistically significant difference between the chocolate and yoghurt combination and the 20 g coconut oil, as well as the chocolate yoghurt combination and the 15 g coconut oil, both with a p-value of < 0.0001. No statistically significant difference was found between the 20 g and 15 g coconut oil. Conclusions: The 60 g Snickers chocolate bar and 200 g full-fat yoghurt combination was superior to the coconut oil. The authors advocate using the chocolate and yoghurt fatty meal oral stimulant to determine GBEF.
Irreducible Polynomials Over a Finite Field with Restricted Coefficients
Authors: Porritt Sam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe prove a function field analogue of Maynard’s celebrated result about primes with restricted digits. That is, for certain ranges of parameters
$n$
and
$q$
, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of irreducible polynomials of degree
$n$
over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
whose coefficients are restricted to lie in a given subset of
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
.
Encéphalomyélite infectieuse aviaire
Authors: Brion Abel , Fontaine M. , Fontaine M.-P. 
Published: June 2018

Plusieurs épizooties ont été étudiées, dans lesquelles les symptômes cliniques, les lésions, l’épidémiologie permettent de reconnaître l’Encéphalomyélite infectieuse.
L’expérimentation confirme cette hypothèse.
Devant cette invasion du territoire français par une nouvelle maladie, il importe de prendre des mesures prophylactiques, parmi lesquelles un strict contrôle sanitaire des élevages important des œufs à couver ou sujets destinés à la reproduction, et la livraison à la consommation des volailles et des œufs provenant des exploitations atteintes.
East Asian dust storm in May 2017: observations, modelling, and its influence on the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Sharratt Brenton , Liu Lian-You , Wang Zi-Fa , Pan Xiao-Le , Lei Jia-Qiang , Wu Shi-Xin , Huang Shuang-Yan , Guo Yu-Hong , Li Jie , Tang Xiao , Yang Ting , Tian Yu , Chen Xue-Shun , Hao Jian-Qi , Zheng Hai-Tao , Yang Yan-Yan , Lyu Yan-Li 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. A severe dust storm event originated from the Gobi Desert in Central and East
Asia during 2–7 May 2017. Based on Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite products, hourly environmental monitoring
measurements from Chinese cities and East Asian meteorological observation
stations, and numerical simulations, we analysed the spatial and temporal
characteristics of this dust event as well as its associated impact on the
Asia-Pacific region. The maximum observed hourly PM10 (particulate
matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm) concentration
was above 1000 µg m−3 in Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang,
Baoding, and Langfang and above 2000 µg m−3 in Erdos, Hohhot,
Baotou, and Alxa in northern China. This dust event affected over
8.35 million km2, or 87 % of the Chinese mainland, and significantly deteriorated air quality in 316 cities of
the 367 cities examined across China. The maximum surface wind speed during
the dust storm was 23–24 m s−1 in the Mongolian Gobi Desert and
20–22 m s−1 in central Inner Mongolia, indicating the potential
source regions of this dust event. Lidar-derived vertical dust profiles in
Beijing, Seoul, and Tokyo indicated dust aerosols were uplifted to an
altitude of 1.5–3.5 km, whereas simulations by the Weather Research and
Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model indicated 20.4 and 5.3 Tg of
aeolian dust being deposited respectively across continental Asia and the
North Pacific Ocean. According to forward trajectory analysis by the FLEXible
PARTicle dispersion (FLEXPART) model, the East Asian dust plume moved across
the North Pacific within a week. Dust concentrations decreased from the East
Asian continent across the Pacific Ocean from a magnitude of 103 to
10−5 µg m−3, while dust deposition intensity ranged from
104 to 10−1 mg m−2. This dust event was unusual due to its
impact on continental China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the North
Pacific Ocean. Asian dust storms such as those observed in early May 2017 may
lead to wider climate forcing on a global scale.
The effect of obliquity on temperature in subduction zones: insights from 3-D numerical modeling
Authors: Plunder Alexis , Thieulot Cédric , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The geotherm in subduction zones is thought to vary as a function of the subduction rate and the age of the subducting lithosphere. Along a single subduction zone the rate of subduction may strongly vary due to changes in the angle between the trench and the plate convergence vector, i.e., the subduction obliquity, due to trench curvature. We currently observe such curvature in, e.g., the Marianas, Chile and Aleutian trenches. Recently, strong along-strike variations in subduction obliquity were proposed to have caused a major temperature contrast between Cretaceous geological records of western and central Turkey. We test here whether first-order temperature variation in a subduction zone may be caused by variation in the trench geometry using simple thermo-kinematic finite-element 3-D numerical models. We prescribe the trench geometry by means of a simple mathematical function and compute the mantle flow in the mantle wedge by solving the equation of mass and momentum conservation. We then solve the energy conservation equation until steady state is reached. We analyze the results (i) in terms of mantle wedge flow with emphasis on the trench-parallel component and (ii) in terms of temperature along the plate interface by means of maps and the depth–temperature path at the interface. In our experiments, the effect of the trench curvature on the geotherm is substantial. A small obliquity yields a small but not negligible trench-parallel mantle flow, leading to differences of 30 °C along-strike of the model. Advected heat causes such temperature variations (linked to the magnitude of the trench-parallel component of velocity). With increasing obliquity, the trench-parallel component of the velocity consequently increases and the temperature variation reaches 200 °C along-strike. Finally, we discuss the implication of our simulations for the ubiquitous oblique systems that are observed on Earth and the limitations of our modeling approach. Lateral variations in plate sinking rate associated with curvature will further enhance this temperature contrast. We conclude that the synchronous metamorphic temperature contrast between central and western Turkey may well have resulted from reconstructed major variations in subduction obliquity.
Generating wind power scenarios for probabilistic ramp event prediction using multivariate statistical post-processing
Authors: Worsnop Rochelle P. , Scheuerer Michael , Hamill Thomas M. , Lundquist Julie K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Wind power
forecasting is gaining international significance as more regions promote
policies to increase the use of renewable energy. Wind ramps, large
variations in wind power production during a period of minutes to hours,
challenge utilities and electrical balancing authorities. A sudden decrease
in wind-energy production must be balanced by other power generators to meet
energy demands, while a sharp increase in unexpected production results in
excess power that may not be used in the power grid, leading to a loss of
potential profits. In this study, we compare different methods to generate
probabilistic ramp forecasts from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR)
numerical weather prediction model with up to 12 h of lead time at two
tall-tower locations in the United States. We validate model performance
using 21 months of 80 m wind speed observations from towers in Boulder,
Colorado, and near the Columbia River gorge in eastern Oregon. We employ four statistical post-processing methods, three of which are not
currently used in the literature for wind forecasting. These procedures
correct biases in the model and generate short-term wind speed scenarios
which are then converted to power scenarios. This probabilistic enhancement
of HRRR point forecasts provides valuable uncertainty information of ramp
events and improves the skill of predicting ramp events over the raw
forecasts. We compute Brier skill scores for each method with regard to predicting up-
and down-ramps to determine which method provides the best prediction. We
find that the Standard Schaake shuffle method yields the highest skill at
predicting ramp events for these datasets, especially for up-ramp events at
the Oregon site. Increased skill for ramp prediction is limited at the
Boulder, CO, site using any of the multivariate methods because of the poor
initial forecasts in this area of complex terrain. These statistical methods
can be implemented by wind farm operators to generate a range of possible
wind speed and power scenarios to aid and optimize decisions before ramp
events occur.
Prise en charge d’un proche âgé dépendant à domicile en Corée du Sud : recherche sur les aidantes principales de la génération du baby-boom
Authors: Oh Yoonji 
Published: June 2018

Cadre de la recherche :Si lecare(soin) relève du souci de l’autre, ce rôle est le plus souvent considéré comme une qualité féminine. En Corée du Sud, la belle-fille devient souvent l’aidante principale lorsque ses proches âgés ont besoin de soins de longue durée.Objectifs :La présente recherche a pour objectif de montrer le vécu des belles-filles aidantes principales à domicile de leurs proches âgés dépendants (surtout leur belle-mère), et de constater l’invisibilité de leur travail au sein de la famille et de la société.Méthodologie :Neuf entretiens semi-directifs en Corée du Sud avec des belles-filles issues de la génération du baby-boom ont été réalisés : quatre d’entre elles s’occupaient de leur belle-mère à domicile, et cinq avaient été en charge de soins de leur belle-mère jusqu’au décès de celle-ci.Résultats :Cette étude souligne les difficultés vécues par des aidantes principales au regard de la surcharge de leurs tâches, des conflits avec les personnes aidées, des problèmes liés aux maladies et du manque d’aide et de reconnaissance. Cette étude met également en lumière les « ressources individuelles » des aidantes qui leur permettent de trouver « un équilibre », notamment à travers un sentiment positif d’efficacité, la religion, la retenue des émotions, la distanciation et l’aménagement du quotidien, ainsi que des « ressources relationnelles » comme le soutien d’aidants secondaires et la relation entre aidante et aidée.Conclusions :L’étude montre que l’Assurance de soins de longue durée en Corée du Sud conduit les aidantes principales à entrer dans le marché du travail decareen tant qu’aide-soignante familiale pour être rémunérées; le système est cependant considéré comme anormal et est remis en question par les aidantes. Cet article conclut en s’interrogeant sur les impacts ducarevisible sur le renforcement ducareinvisible.Contribution :Cet article contribue à dévoiler les vécus singuliers des aidantes principales coréennes lors de la prise en charge à domicile de leurs parents âgés malades.
Une porphyrine comme photosensibilisant des eaux d'irrigation, photostabilité et efficacité
Authors: Jemli Meryem , Sabbahi Sonia 
Published: June 2018

Le processus de photosensibilisation (phototraitement) de l'eau suscite beaucoup d'intérêt, car il implique trois composants qui sont individuellement inoffensifs pour le milieu biologique, à savoir le photosensibilisant, la lumière et l'oxygène moléculaire. La photostabilité de la porphyrine tétra-méso-cationique (T4MPyP) dans l'eau usée et l’efficacité du phototraitement dépend de la concentration du photosensibilisant, de la qualité de l'eau (contaminants organiques, turbidité, pH, taux d'oxygène dissous et épaisseur de la lame d'eau) ainsi que de l'intensité et de la nature du rayonnement lumineux. L’étude expérimentale consistait à apporter à un sol sableux i) de l’eau usée secondaire traitée par boues activées, ii) la même eau usée, mais phototraitée avec 5 μM∙L-1 de T4MPyP pendant 6 h d’ensoleillement, et iii) une eau de puits. L’eau usée phototraitée était conforme aux normes tunisiennes (NT 106.03) pour l’irrigation sans restriction au niveau du taux de bactéries indicatrices de pollution fécale (l’abattement des coliformes fécaux avoisinait 99,99 %), mais renfermait encore une concentration résiduelle de porphyrine (environ 35 % de la concentration initiale). À la fin de l’expérimentation, la configuration saline du sol dépendait de la qualité des eaux d’irrigation. Dans le cas des eaux usées secondaires, la couche de surface (0-5 cm) se caractérisait par une concentration élevée de sels solubles et par une prolifération d’algues contribuant ainsi au colmatage superficiel et à un manque de continuité des macropores. En revanche, le colmatage chimique et biologique était réduit suite à l’utilisation des eaux usées phototraitées. La salinité était plus importante au niveau de la couche profonde (5-15 cm) due à une importante mobilité des ions chlorures et sodium suivie des sulfates et du calcium de la couche 0-5 cm vers la couche 5-15 cm, ce qui peut être attribué à une oxydation plus élevée de la matière organique induite par la présence de porphyrine. Il ressort de cette étude que la valorisation des eaux usées avec des concentrations micromolaires de T4MPyP dans le domaine agricole inhiberait le développement d'algues à la surface du sol et conduirait à une meilleure infiltration des sels vers les profondeurs évitant ainsi l’installation du colmatage à la surface. En outre, une meilleure rétention des ions ammonium et orthophosphates a été observée dans le sol sableux lors de la percolation des eaux usées phototraiteées.