bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Ammonia Spectral Map of the L1495-B218 Filaments in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. II. CCS and HC7N Chemistry and Three Modes of Star Formation in the Filaments
Authors: Seo Young Min , Majumdar Liton , Goldsmith Paul F. , Shirley Yancy L. , Willacy Karen , Ward-Thompson Derek , Friesen Rachel , Frayer David , Church Sarah E. , Chung Dongwoo , Cleary Kieran , Cunningham Nichol , Devaraj Kiruthika , Egan Dennis , Gaier Todd , Gawande Rohit , Gundersen Joshua O. , Harris Andrew I. , Kangaslahti Pekka , Readhead Anthony C. S. , Samoska Lorene , Sieth Matthew , Stennes Michael , Voll Patricia , White Steve 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present deep CCS and HC7N observations of the L1495-B218 filaments in the Taurus molecular cloud obtained using the K-band focal plane array on the 100 m Green Bank Telescope. We observed the L1495-B218 filaments in CCS J

N
= 21–10 and HC7N J = 21−20 with a spectral resolution of 0.038 km s−1 and an angular resolution of 31″. We observed strong CCS emission in both evolved and young regions and weak emission in two evolved regions. HC7N emission is observed only in L1495A-N and L1521D. We find that CCS and HC7N intensity peaks do not coincide with NH3 or dust continuum intensity peaks. We also find that the fractional abundance of CCS does not show a clear correlation with the dynamical evolutionary stage of dense cores. Our findings and chemical modeling indicate that the fractional abundances of CCS and HC7N are sensitive to the initial gas-phase C/O ratio, and they are good tracers of young condensed gas only when the initial C/O is close to solar value. Kinematic analysis using multiple lines, including NH3, HC7N, CCS, CO, HCN, and HCO+, suggests that there may be three different star formation modes in the L1495-B218 filaments. At the hub of the filaments, L1495A/B7N has formed a stellar cluster with large-scale inward flows (fast mode), whereas L1521D, a core embedded in a filament, is slowly contracting because of its self-gravity (slow mode). There is also one isolated core that appears to be marginally stable and may undergo quasi-static evolution (isolated mode).
Checklist of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) from small diversified vegetable farms in south-western Montana
Authors: Delphia Casey , Griswold Terry , Reese Elizabeth , O'Neill Kevin , Burkle Laura 
Published: January 2019

Over three years (2013-2015), we sampled bees using nets and bowl traps on four diversified vegetable farms in Gallatin County, Montana, USA, as part of a study evaluating the use of wildflower strips for supporting wild bees and crop pollination services on farmlands (Delphia et al. In prep). We document 202 species and morphospecies from 32 genera within five families, of which 25 species represent the first published state records for Montana. This study increases our overall understanding of the distribution of wild bee species associated with agroecosystems of the northern US Rockies, which is important for efforts aimed at conserving bee biodiversity and supporting sustainable crop pollination systems on farmlands.We provide a species list of wild bees associated with diversified farmlands in Montana and increase the number of published bee species records in the state from 374 to at least 399. The list includes new distributional records for 25 wild bee species, including two species that represent considerable expansions of their known ranges, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) clematisellum (Cockerell 1904) with previously published records from New Mexico, Arizona, California and Utah and Melissodes (Eumelissodes) niveus Robertson 1895 which was reported to range from New York to Minnesota and Kansas, south to North Carolina, Alabama and Mississippi.
Les deux corps du malade du cancer. Politiques du cancer, témoignage et asymétrie des savoirs
Authors: Raveneau Gilles 
Published: January 2019

Le développement de la biomédecine et son influence grandissante sont les éléments fondamentaux d’une nouvelle culture de soi qui place le corps au centre de ses préoccupations et qui transforme le sens donné au fait d’être malade du cancer. La médecine en vient à s’occuper non seulement des malades mais des bien-portants, développant un discours probabiliste du risque de cancer et augmentant de ce fait le nombre des personnes qui vivent avec la peur d’une tumeur maligne. Dans ces conditions, il devient difficile aux individus d’échapper à l’autorité biomédicale. Cette nouvelle approche, prise entre l’intime et le politique, produit deux conceptions du corps : l’une est sensible, attachée à un vécu du cancer à la première personne, celui d’un sujet souffrant ; l’autre est abstraite, liée à l’essor des technosciences dans le domaine biomédical et concerne le corps vivant instrumentalisé par la médecine. C’est ce dédoublement que cet article interroge en faisant l’hypothèse que l’articulation entre les deux corps est largement défaillante et passe par des formes d’ignorance réciproque.
L’espace potentiel, lieu de socialisation
Authors: Catteeuw Laurie 
Published: January 2019

L’observation des jeunes enfants en crèche a montré qu’ils posaient de manière récurrente les questions classiques de la philosophie, interrogeant la finitude humaine, l’autorité, la justice, l’identité, etc. C’est donc comme philosophe que j’ai souhaité cibler mon action auprès d’eux. En proposant un atelier de parole, durant plusieurs mois, de manière régulière et construite, nous avons créé ensemble un espace potentiel. Cet espace de liberté, à la fois concret et abstrait, réel et imaginaire, s’est révélé être un lieu déterminant de la socialisation du premier âge.
Use of a rapid roadside survey to detect potentially invasive plant species along the Garden Route, South Africa
Authors: Baard Johan A. , Kraaij Tineke 
Published: January 2019

Early detection of emerging or sleeper weeds and monitoring of alien plant invasions forms the foundation of effective invasive alien plant management. Using a rapid roadside survey technique, we aimed to (1) establish a baseline of alien plant distribution and abundance along roads in the Garden Route, South Africa, and (2) identify priority species (particularly sleeper weeds) and priority areas to inform appropriate management action. We surveyed along 530 km of roads and recorded 109 alien and/or extralimital species across 1942 point locations. Of these, 35 species were considered to be sleeper weeds on account of displaying estimated dispersal distances distinctive of invasive plants and not being listed by the South African Plant Invaders Atlas (SAPIA) or regulated by South African legislation. Roads along natural forest and fynbos vegetation (often within the Garden Route National Park) displayed lower incidences of alien plants than those associated with degraded or transformed land, with roads along farmland associated with the highest incidences of alien plants. Roads in the Southern Cape region had more species and higher densities of alien plants than roads in the Tsitsikamma region, and a few species were exclusive to either.Conservation implications: Our inventory contributed significant new records and range extensions to SAPIA, while the identified sleeper weeds offered suggestions for species that may be considered for regulation under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act of South Africa. We furthermore provided information to facilitate (1) timely management of emerging invasive alien plants, (2) prioritisation of species and areas for management action, and (3) future monitoring of alien plants in the Garden Route National Park and surrounds.
Londres tras el Brexit: la campaña de comunicación #LondonIsOpen en defensa de la identidad de la ciudad
Authors: Blay-Arráez Rocío , Antón-Carrillo Elvira , López Font Lorena 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: Esta investigación toma como punto de partida un hecho histórico, la mayoría de la población de UK votó salir de la Unión Europea el 23 de junio de 2016. Sin embargo, el resultado del referéndum en Londres fue permanecer con un 75,3% de votos. Esto presenta un escenario contrario a los valores de la ciudad, donde lo multicultural y la diversidad forman parte de su identidad. Este trabajo selecciona como caso de estudio la campaña de comunicación iniciada por el alcalde de Londres, Sadiq Khan, para contrarrestar el Brexit. La campaña #LondonIsOpen como expresión creadora donde los ciudadanos han revolucionado las acciones institucionales. Metodología: Se plantea como metodología cualitativa, el análisis de contenido de las piezas audiovisuales, cuyos objetivos son: 1. Detectar metodologías innovadoras, 2. Describir los colectivos involucrados, 3. Analizar la eficacia de las acciones. Resultados y conclusiones: Las conclusiones presentan cuáles han sido las claves de la gran participación, la paradoja de que la iniciativa surja de un líder político y la credibilidad que ha obtenido su campaña.
Magnetic resonance imaging spectrum of intracranial tubercular lesions: one disease, many faces
Authors: Khatri Garvit Devmohan , Krishnan Venkatram , Antil Neha , Saigal Gaurav 
Published: January 2019

Tuberculosis is a devastating disease and has shown resurgence in recent years with the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Central nervous system involvement is the most devastating form of the disease, comprising 10% of all tuberculosis cases. The causative organism, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, incites a granulomatous inflammatory response in the brain, the effects of which can be appreciated on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can thus be used for diagnosis of the same. Neurotuberculosis can present in various patterns, which can be identified on MRI. The meningeal forms include leptomeningitis and pachymeningitis. Parenchymal forms of neurotuberculosis include tuberculoma in its various stages, tubercular cerebritis and abscess, tubercular rhombencephalitis, and tubercular encephalopathy. Each pattern has characteristic MRI appearances and differential diagnoses on imaging. Complications of neurotuberculosis, usually of tubercular meningitis, include hydrocephalus, vasculitis, and infarcts as well as cranial nerve palsies. Various MRI sequences besides the conventional ones can provide additional insight into the disease, help in quantifying the disease load, and help in differentiation of neurotuberculosis from conditions with similar imaging appearances and presentations. These can enable accurate and timely diagnosis by the radiologist and early institution of treatment in order to reduce the likelihood of permanent neurological sequelae.
La sociedad y el estado en el pensamiento político de Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: González Aliaga Camila 
Published: January 2019

El pensamiento de Jean-Paul Sartre ha sido abordado ampliamente desde su perspectiva más reconocida, a saber, una filosofía de la libertad y la responsabilidad. Múltiples son los estudios sobre su existencialismo, su rol como intelectual o su relación con la filósofa Simone de Beauvoir.
Sin embargo, su pensamiento político en torno a la teoría de la Sociedad y el Estado es aún una cuestión por indagar. En su obra Crítica de la Razón Dialéctica (1960) plantea cuestionamientos que se enmarcan en la posibilidad del surgimiento de una sociedad libre, la existencia de una soberanía popular y una concepción del Estado. Esta investigación busca abrir paso a la reflexión y discusión sobre las posibilidades de un pensamiento existencialista en el marco de lo político.
Detemir vs Glargine: Comparison of Inpatient Glycemic Control
Authors: Capson Joshua , Cade Kristina , Avanesyan Armine 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Context
Hyperglycemia in the hospital setting is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In an attempt to cut costs, some hospitals implement policies to substitute all glargine orders with detemir.

Objective
To examine how the substitution of glargine with detemir affects inpatient blood glucose control.

Methods
Medical records were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the effect of a hospital formulary change at a semi-urban underserved hospital that substituted detemir for glargine on a 1:1 dosing basis. The study evaluated blood glucose control from September 6, 2015, to September 5, 2016, before substitution and from September 6, 2016, to September 5, 2017, after the substitution began. Patients were included in the study if they were older than 18 years, received glargine before admission, and had type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, did not receive long-acting insulin, or lacked regular blood glucose testing. The medical records were analyzed for mean glucose levels, hypoglycemic events, and short-acting insulin administration amounts.

Results
A total of 318 patients met criteria and were included in the retrospective analysis—134 patients received detemir and 184 patients received glargine. The mean glucose levels in the morning were 133.8 mg/dL for patients receiving detemir and 145.8 mg/dL for patients receiving glargine (95% CI, 126.972-140.753; P=.013). The mean blood glucose levels in the afternoon were 171.6 mg/dL for patients receiving detemir and 172.1 mg/dL for patients receiving glargine (95% CI, 162.955-180.344; P=.938). The mean blood glucose levels in the evening were 162.5 mg/dL for patients receiving detemir and 163.3 mg/dL for patients receiving glargine (95% CI, 153.654-171.315; P=.897). The mean blood glucose levels at night were 176.1 mg/dL for patients receiving detemir and 174.7 mg/dL for patients receiving glargine (95% CI, 167.797-184.474; P=.788). No significant difference in sliding scale insulin was required between the patient groups (0.16 U/kg insulin aspart in detemir group vs 0.18 U/kg aspart in glargine; 95% CI, 0.154-0.189; P=.297). There was no significant difference between the patient groups in regard to hypoglycemic events (45% glargine vs 49% detemir; P=.59).

Conclusion
Substituting detemir for glargine did not adversely affect inpatients’ blood glucose control.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Neuropsychiatric Symptoms, and Neuropsychological Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Ginsberg Terrie B. , Powell Leonard , Emrani Sheina , Wasserman Victor , Higgins Stephanie , Chopra Anita , Cavalieri Thomas A. , Libon David J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Neuropsychological deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and problems with instrumental activities of daily living are common in participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Objectives
To assess how subtle to mildly impaired instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) might be related to neuropsychological abilities (including executive control and episodic memory) and neuropsychiatric symptoms (including apathy and depression) among participants with a diagnosis of MCI.

Methods
Participants were evaluated for MCI and possible dementia at an outpatient memory clinic on the basis of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, a geriatric psychiatry evaluation, a magnetic resonance image of the brain, and serum studies to evaluate for a possible reversible cause of cognitive decline. A series of stepwise regression analyses were conducted whereby IADL ability was the dependent variable and neuropsychological abilities, such as executive control and episodic memory, or neuropsychiatric symptoms, including apathy and depression, were the independent or predictor variables. The presence and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms was assessed using a modified version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (mNPI). Participants were grouped by MCI diagnosis status (amnestic MCI, combined dysexecutive/mixed MCI, and no MCI).

Results
Twenty-six participants were in the amnestic MCI group, 19 in the combined dysexecutive/mixed MCI group, and 36 participants did not meet criteria for MCI (non-MCI group). Groups did not differ in age, education, Mini-Mental State Examination performance, IADL abilities, estimated premorbid general intellectual abilities, or mNPI ratings for apathy and depression. Stepwise regression analyses found a robust relationship between mild IADL impairment and greater apathy (R=0.497, r
2
1,69=0.247, P<.001; β=−0.497, P<.001). Depression did not enter the final model. A weaker—but statistically significant—relationship was found between mild IADL impairment and worse executive control test performance (R=0.271, r
2
1,68=0.073, P<.023; β=0.271, P<.23). Episodic memory did not enter the final model. When both apathy and executive control were assessed as related to IADL impairment, only apathy entered the final model (R=0.497, R
2
1,69=0.247, P<.001; β=−0.497, P<.001).

Conclusion
Mildly impaired IADL functioning can negatively affect quality of life. Moreover, apathy may be amenable to treatment. In a primary geriatric care setting, neuropsychiatric symptoms and neuropsychological abilities should be routinely assessed.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Adenotonsillectomy in 9-Year-Old Twins With Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: An Interdisciplinary Effort
Authors: Alexander Nathan , Boota Ahmad , Hooks Kenderic , White John R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea is known to cause neurocognitive problems, yet it often goes undetected or mistreated. The authors describe 9-year-old twins with snoring, enlarged tonsils, and excessive daytime sleepiness whose symptoms had been previously disregarded by health care professionals. At presentation, a dentist found the patients to be midface deficient and symptomatic. A home sleep test, prescribed by the dentist, revealed apnea-hypopnea index readings of 74/h and 16/h, respectively. The children were referred to an otolaryngologist, and a continuous positive airway pressure therapy trial resulted in improved cognition and temperament. Rapid maxillary expansion was then performed at the dentist office, followed by adenotonsillectomy by an ear, nose, and throat specialist and myofunctional rehabilitation with a speech pathologist for both patients. After treatment, results mimicked those reported during the continuous positive airway pressure trial, with substantially reduced apnea-hypopnea index of 0.9/h and 1.6/h. This case highlights the interdisciplinary nature of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea management and the need for all health care professionals to receive comprehensive sleep medicine training for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Er hygiene-protokollene i radiologiske avdelinger optimale for å hindre MRSA-smitte?
Authors: Boqvist Kajsa Pauline , Rudi Nina Helen 
Published: January 2019

Innledning: MRSA er en bakterie som er motstandsdyktig mot både penicillin og methicillin. Den er fryktet i norske helseinstitusjoner da den er vanskelig å behandle. Det er viktig å ha gode protokoller for generell hygiene, og spesielt for håndtering av smittepasienter, for å forebygge spredning av bakterier, og å unngå at bakterien blir en naturlig del av bakteriefloraen. Hvordan standarden er på hygiene-protokoller ved radiologiske avdelinger, er per vår viten ikke kartlagt. Hensikten med studien var å samle og evaluere kvaliteten på smitteprotokollene for behandling av pasienter med MRSA-smitte, ved radiologiske avdelinger.
Metode: Kriteriene for utstyr og adferd tilpasset projeksjons-radiografi, ble utviklet i samarbeid med en fagradiograf. Dette forarbeidet ga en gullstandard-beskrivelse sammenholdt med faglige kriterier i MRSA-veilederen fra Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI). Totalt ble 19 protokoller fra norske offentlige og private helseinstitusjoner, analysert. GRADE-metoden ble brukt for å bestemme kvantitative mål på helseinstitusjonenes protokoll-kvalitet, målt opp mot gullstandarden.
Resultater: Studien omfattet 19 protokoller av 33 mulige, dvs en svarprosent på 73%. Faglige enkelt-beskrivelser i protokollene omfattet totalt 627 skår (33 svar per protokoll), hvorav faglig korrekte beskrivelser i hht gullstandarden var oppgitt i 23% (144 korrekte svar).
Det var faglige mangler hos samtlige av de mottatte protokollene. GRADE-metoden ble tilpasset kriterier for generell smitte. Elleve av studiens protokoller omhandlet generell smitte på helseinstitusjonen, mens åtte protokoller omhandlet pasienter med MRSA på radiologisk avdeling. Det førte til at mange protokoller fikk en lav poengskår. Også på fakta-krav i hht utstyr og metoder, dokumenteres kvalitetssvikt.
Konklusjon: Protokollene for MRSA-smitte ved radiologiske avdelinger, er ikke optimale for å forebygge smitte. Alle avdelinger blir utsatt for smitteutbrudd. Det vil gi alvorlige konsekvenser for pasienter, personell og samfunn.
I2‐Mediated Iodization/ [3+2] Cycloaddition/Nucleophilic Addition Tandem Reaction: Synthesis of Polyheterocycles Bearing Furoquinoline and Maleimide
Authors: Du Sidong , Pi Chao , Wan Ting , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn unprecedented metal‐free approach to polyheterocycles bearing furoquinoline and C2‐maleimide‐substituted quinoline has been developed with easily available quinoline N‐oxides and maleimides via tandem reactions mediated by I2, including iodization, [3+2] cycloaddition and nucleophilic addition reactions. I2 acts as a halogenating agent to promote the subsequent [1,5]‐sigma rearrangement. Two C−O bonds, three C−C bonds and a quaternary carbon center were formed in “one pot” manner.magnified image
Iodine‐Promoted Tunable Synthesis of 2‐Naphthyl Thioethers and 1‐Naphthyl Thioethers
Authors: Bao Yishu , Yang Xiuqin , Dai Zonghao , Ji Suyu , Zhou Qingfa , Yang Fulai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn iodine‐promoted regioselective sulfenylation/deoxygenation/aromatization reaction of 1‐tetralones with disulfides has been developed. This process could be modified to synthesize 2‐naphthyl thioethers and 1‐naphthyl thioethers in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. Furthermore, when the reaction was extended to 2‐tetralones, 2‐naphthyl thioethers were obtained as the sole products. The current study bridges the deoxygenation and sulfenylation/aromatization of ketones, thus providing a new tool in organic synthesis.magnified image
Cs2CO3‐Mediated Vicinal Thiosulfonylation of 1,1‐Dibromo‐1‐Alkenes with Thiosulfonates: An Expedient Synthesis of (E)‐1,2‐Thiosulfonylethenes
Authors: Reddy Raju Jannapu , Kumari Arram Haritha , Kumar Jangam Jagadesh , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new and highly efficient vicinal thiosulfonylation of 1,1‐dibromo‐1‐alkenes with thiosulfonates in the presence of cesium carbonate has been developed. The metal‐free diheterofunctionalization is an operationally simple to access a wide range of (E)‐1,2‐thiosulfonylethenes (α‐aryl‐β‐thioarylvinyl sulfones) in moderate to high yields with high levels of stereoselectivities. Further, scalable reactions have been demonstrated for this transformation, thus illustrating its efficiency and practicality.magnified image
Divergent Synthesis of Dihydropyranone Stereoisomers via N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
Authors: Zhao Changgui , Wang Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe recently developed a novel chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed dynamic kinetic enantioselective acylation (DKEA) and dynamic kinetic diastereoselective acylation (DKDA) of Achmatowicz rearrangement products to generate useful intermediates for the further synthesis of carbohydrates. In this update, we describe a divergent NHC catalytic strategy for the stereoselective preparation of all four isomers starting from a common racemic precursor. The present report provides easy access to diverse optically pure dihydropyranones.magnified image