bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Believing and Unbelieving in the Dunciad
Authors: Gee Sophie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In The Dunciad in Four Books Pope aimed his satire at the literary and intellectual world of eighteenth-century London, and especially its scholars, editors, and publishers. But Pope’s satire is also directed against contemporary developments in religion and theology. This chapter argues that Pope attacks fashionable ideas about the nature of God and the material world in The Dunciad as a way to explore his own ideas about the complex, often-paradoxical nature of imaginative fiction. Through allusions to the religious debates of his day, Pope encourages readers to link theological anxieties about the individual’s relationship to unseen truth with conceptual uncertainties about the power of literary fictions; to see that fiction, like religion, mediated between unknowable human interiority and the visible external world, and thus occupied an ambiguous, unstable position in relation to empirical phenomena.
The Edge of Satire
Authors: Robinson Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this chapter, Peter Robinson identifies the edge where satire most sharply cuts and where, simultaneously, it may stop being satire. Responding to remarks of Jackson Bate’s on Johnson as a satirist manqué, an analysis of ‘On the Death of Dr. Robert Levet’ and other poems explores varieties of ways in which mortality in a Christian context displaces grounds for judgement, yet occasions criticism of literary pretension, the limits of friendship, and self-interest in the professional care of others. By contrast, a passage from Dryden’s ‘An Ode, on the Death of Mr. Henry Purcell’ rebukes the musician’s rivals so as to underline his loss to the world. Yet such a rebuke is edgeless to the extent that the rivalry it pinpoints has been nullified by the greater man’s demise. Thus, among relevant post-mortem and other effects here is the role death plays as a satirist of the impulse to satire.
Against the Experts
Authors: Bullard Paddy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter looks at Jonathan Swift’s political satire, focusing on a crucial, seldom-discussed and newly relevant theme: his deep hostility towards specialists and experts. It argues that Swift and his allies understood expertise in terms of a broader anti-technical idea of statesmanship, one that also advocated ‘common sense’ as a positive model for political deliberation, and ‘wit’ as a model for discourse. Satire was a common medium for articulating this programme, often in terms that were themselves doubled and ironized. Swift and many of his associates deplored secrecy and innuendo in political life and, at the same time, appropriated them as modes for oppositional satire. They painted modern instrumental thinking and modern technocratic politics as dull and clumsy, while adopting the discourses of those experts parodically as ‘mock-arts’. It was the interrelations between this group of satirical themes and political topoi that gave them power and significance at the start of the eighteenth century.
‘Little Snarling Lapdogs’
Authors: Alliker Rabb Melinda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The domestic sphere increases as a subject for satire in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Literary histories assert satire’s decline after 1750 when creative energy shifts towards home, family, nature, individual subjectivity, and private feelings. But the apparent shift towards representations of domesticity does not simply displace but rather offers new opportunities to satire which insinuates itself into modes of writing almost as soon as they are formed and changes the shape they ultimately assume. In contrast to earlier satires on public figures, from royalty and ministers to prostitutes and Grub Street hacks, domestic satire often focuses on families and households, and on the precarious lives of dependants, servants, spinsters, illegitimate offspring, and other persons of socially ambiguous standing. Satire in an age of rising colonialism, economic competition, class struggle, and industrialization, must look beyond court and coffee-house into the parlour where satire has made itself at home.
Banter, Nonsense, and Irony
Authors: Rounce Adam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Nonsense Club was a confederacy of writers who gathered around the polemical satirist Charles Churchill and his friend Robert Lloyd during the 1760s. Churchill was celebrated as an opposition polemicist, but other members of the Club—including Lloyd, George Colman, Bonnell Thornton, and William Cowper—adopt a less direct, often self-conscious satiric mode, marked by a nonchalant awareness of their work’s ultimate lack of effect. This results in an odd mix of outspoken critique, bracing satiric barbs, almost affectionate parody, and incidental, and ad hoc considerations of the purpose of writing itself. The present account offers a survey of the Club’s poetic satire: its attitude towards contemporary poetry, most notable in satires and burlesques; the small but clear originality in the work of Lloyd; and the satire of Churchill, the most immediately consequential poet to emerge from the group.
Legal Constraints, Libellous Evasions
Authors: Hone Joseph 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter considers the relationship between satire and the law during the eighteenth century. After the lapse of pre-publication licensing in 1695, satirists remained subject to the common law of libel (including seditious libel, blasphemous libel, and criminal libel) and to treason laws. Satirists and publishers used various strategies to evade prosecution under those laws: most notably anonymous publication (in print or in manuscript) and creative forms of ambiguity. This chapter surveys examples of those strategies in some famous and lesser known texts, before considering the introduction of the new Licensing Act in 1737, which restricted satire on the stage. Libel prosecutions continued even while the trend for hard-hitting lampoons faded out after the 1750s, but predominantly as a means of prosecuting political troublemakers.
Foxite Satire
Authors: Jones Robert W. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Foxites were both affable and scurrilous; resolute opponents of an encroaching executive, they were equally determined in their pursuit of pleasure. They took particular delight in satire, drawing inspiration from Pope and Churchill, while retaining a thoroughly Whiggish admiration for Milton. Poetry in a sense provided a consolation for a lack of political power after George III ousted them from office in 1784. This essay examines the literary works of the Foxites’ best writers—Sheridan, Tickell, and Richardson. Their diverse and innovative work, much of it written and published collectively, intervened in both political and cultural controversies, from the contested Westminster election to the appointment of Thomas Warton as poet laureate. Personal abuse is heaped on William Pitt and his ministers, all of whom are reviled as inept, effeminate, and insinuating. But there is fun too at the expense of modish literary forms as well as the ponderous nature of parliamentary procedures.
Describing Eighteenth-Century British Satire
Authors: Bullard Paddy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter looks at the problem of how we should describe eighteenth-century satire, and considers how to place it historically in the British eighteenth century. It gathers key literary extracts and anecdotes from the period, statements in which different discussions of satire intersect with larger ideas about the period’s culture and society. The chapter is organized into three sections. The first looks at satirical commonalities, including the uses of satire in associational life, the body of commonplace critical opinion about its function, and its connection with emerging constructions of British nationhood. The second turns to literary satire’s material forms, looking for patterns in the way it was consumed by readers of printed books. The third moves on from these generalized contexts to examine some of satire’s personal, particular implications, including the question of whether satire should always be general, whether it could avoid referring to individuals.
Promoting Participation in Physical Activity and Exercise Among People Living with Chronic Pain: A Qualitative Study of Strategies Used by People with Pain and Their Recommendations for Health Care Providers
Authors: Vader Kyle , Patel Rupa , Doulas Tom , Miller Jordan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
To explore strategies used by people living with chronic pain when participating in physical activity and exercise and their recommendations for health care providers when promoting participation in physical activity and exercise.

Design
Interpretive description qualitative study.

Setting
Participants were recruited from primary care sites and a hospital-based chronic pain clinic in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Subjects
Adults (&gt;18 years of age) who self-identified as experiencing chronic pain (three months’ duration) were interviewed.

Methods
In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with participants. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and reviewed for accuracy by the interviewer. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Peer debriefing, reflexivity, and multiple in-person meetings were used to establish trustworthiness.

Results
Sixteen adults (five men, 11 women) with a median age of 53 years were interviewed. Strategies used by people living with chronic pain to participate in physical activity and exercise included 1) finding the motivation, 2) setting up for success, 3) leveraging social support, and 4) managing pain and discomfort during activity. Recommendations for health care providers when promoting participation in physical activity and exercise for people living with chronic pain included 1) the importance of listening, 2) providing tailored advice, 3) being supportive, and 4) making physical activity and exercise programming accessible.

Conclusions
People living with chronic pain reported using multiple strategies to participate in physical activity and exercise. Recommendations for health care providers centered on the importance of listening and taking a supportive approach when promoting engagement in physical activity and exercise for this population.
NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN SOIL AND ROOT VEGETABLES IN MALAYSIA: TRANSFER FACTORS AND DOSE ESTIMATES
Authors: Al Mutairi Abdul Majeed Muidh , Kabir Norlaili A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Tapioca and sweet potato are the fourth and fifth most consumed crops in Malaysia. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in these vegetables were assessed from two regions in Malaysia (Kedah and Penang) along with soil samples using gamma ray spectroscopy. The transfer factors of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K from soil to vegetables were calculated, and a dose assessment was performed. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples did not show a significant variation with the regions investigated, and the average values obtained, in Bq/kg, (±SD) were as follows: 80 ± 41, 56 ± 12, 516 ± 119, respectively. The respective average activity concentrations in vegetables were as follows, in Bq/kg: (±SD) 2.0 ± 0.5, 6 ± 2, 153 ± 49. The corresponding transfer factors were calculated to be 0.03, 0.11 and 0.31 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The average annual effective doses due to the exposure from soil and ingestion of vegetables were found to lie within the worldwide ranges.
High occurrence of transportation and logistics occupations among vascular dementia patients: an observational study
Authors: van Loenhoud A.C. , de Boer C. , Wols K. , Pijnenburg Y.A. , Lemstra A.W. , Bouwman F.H. , Prins N.D. , Scheltens P. , Ossenkoppele R. , van der Flier W.M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests a role of occupation in the emergence and manifestation of dementia. Occupations are often defined by complexity level, although working environments and activities differ in several other important ways. We aimed to capture the multi-faceted nature of occupation through its measurement as a qualitative (instead of a quantitative) variable and explored its relationship with different types of dementia.MethodsWe collected occupational information of 2,121 dementia patients with various suspected etiologies from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (age: 67±8, 57% male, MMSE: 21±5). Our final sample included individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia (n=1,467), frontotemporal dementia (n=281), vascular dementia (n=98), Lewy Body disease (n=174) and progressive supranuclear palsy/corticobasal degeneration (n=101). Within the AD group, we used neuropsychological data to further characterize patients by clinical phenotypes. All participants were categorized into one of 11 occupational classes, across which we evaluated the distribution of dementia (sub)types with Chi2 analyses. We gained further insight into occupation-dementia relationships through post-hoc logistic regressions that included various demographic and health characteristics as explanatory variables.ResultsThere were significant differences in the distribution of dementia types across occupation groups (Chi2=85.87, p<.001). Vascular dementia was relatively common in the Transportation/Logistics sector, and higher vascular risk factors partly explained this relationship. Alzheimer’s disease occurred less in Transportation/Logistics and more in Health Care/Welfare occupations, which related to a higher/lower percentage of males. We found no relationships between occupational classes and clinical phenotypes of AD (Chi2=53.65, n.s.).ConclusionsRelationships between occupation and dementia seem to exist beyond complexity level, which offers new opportunities for disease prevention and improvement of occupational health policy.
Node abnormality predicts seizure outcome and relates to long-term relapse after epilepsy surgery
Authors: Sinha Nishant , Wang Yujiang , da Silva Nádia Moreira , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , de Tisi Jane , Vos Sjoerd B. , Winston Gavin P. , Duncan John S. , Taylor Peter Neal 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed pre-operative structural brain networks and clinical characteristics of patients with drug resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to identify correlates of post-surgical seizure outcome at 1 year and seizure relapses up to 5 years.MethodsWe retrospectively examined data from 51 TLE patients who underwent anterior temporal lobe resection (ATLR) and 29 healthy controls. For each patient, using the pre-operative structural, diffusion, and post-operative structural MRI, we generated two networks: ‘pre-surgery’ network and ‘surgically-spared’ network. The pre-surgery network is the whole-brain network before surgery and the surgically-spared network is a subnetwork of the pre-surgery network which is expected to remain unaffected by surgery and hence present post-operatively. Standardising these networks with respect to controls, we determined the number of abnormal nodes before surgery and expected to remain after surgery. We incorporated these 2 abnormality measures and 13 commonly acquired clinical data from each patient in a robust machine learning framework to estimate patient-specific chances of seizures persisting after surgery.ResultsPatients with more abnormal nodes had lower chance of seizure freedom at 1 year and even if seizure free at 1 year, were more likely to relapse within five years. In the surgically-spared networks of poor outcome patients, the number of abnormal nodes was greater and their locations more widespread than in good outcome patients. We achieved 0.84 ± 0.06 AUC and 0.89 ± 0.09 specificity in detecting unsuccessful seizure outcomes at 1-year. Moreover, the model-predicted likelihood of seizure relapse was significantly correlated with the grade of surgical outcome at year-one and associated with relapses up-to five years post-surgery.ConclusionNode abnormality offers a personalised non-invasive marker, that can be combined with clinical data, to better estimate the chances of seizure freedom at 1 year, and subsequent relapse up to 5 years after ATLR.
Comparison of bibliographic data sources: Implications for the robustness of university rankings
Authors: Huang Chun-Kai (Karl) , Neylon Cameron , Brookes-Kenworthy Chloe , Hosking Richard , Montgomery Lucy , Wilson Katie , Ozaygen Alkim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUniversities are increasingly evaluated, both internally and externally on the basis of their outputs. Often these are converted to simple, and frequently contested, rankings based on quantitative analysis of those outputs. These rankings can have substantial implications for student and staff recruitment, research income and perceived prestige of a university. Both internal and external analyses usually rely on a single data source to define the set of outputs assigned to a specific university. Although some differences between such databases are documented, few studies have explored them at the institutional scale and examined the implications of these differences for the metrics and rankings that are derived from them. We address this gap by performing detailed bibliographic comparisons between three key databases: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and, the recently relaunched Microsoft Academic (MSA). We analyse the differences between outputs with DOIs identified from each source for a sample of 155 universities and supplement this with a detailed manual analysis of the differences for fifteen universities. We find significant differences between the sources at the university level. Sources differ in the publication year of specific objects, the completeness of metadata, as well as in their coverage of disciplines, outlets, and publication type. We construct two simple rankings based on citation counts and open access status of the outputs for these universities and show dramatic changes in position based on the choice of bibliographic data sources. Those universities that experience the largest changes are frequently those from non-English speaking countries and those that are outside the top positions in international university rankings. Overall MSA has greater coverage than Scopus or WoS, but has less complete affiliation metadata. We suggest that robust evaluation measures need to consider the effect of choice of data sources and recommend an approach where data from multiple sources is integrated to provide a more robust dataset.
The Meta-Position of Phe4 in Leu-enkephalin Regulates Potency, Selectivity, Functional Activity, and Signaling Bias at the Delta and Mu Opioid Receptors
Authors: Cassell Robert J. , Sharma Krishna K. , Su Hongyu , Cummins Benjamin R. , Cui Haoyue , Mores Kendall L. , Blaine Arryn T. , Altman Ryan A. , van Rijn Richard M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs tool compounds to study cardiac ischemia, the endogenous δ-opioid receptors (δOR) agonist Leu5-enkephalin and the more metabolically stable synthetic peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin are frequently employed. However, both peptides have similar pharmacological profiles that restrict detailed investigation of the cellular mechanism of the δOR’s protective role during ischemic events. Thus, a need remains for δOR peptides with improved selectivity and unique signaling properties for investigating the specific roles for δOR signaling in cardiac ischemia. To this end, we explored substitution at the Phe4 position of Leu5-enkephalin for its ability to modulate receptor function and selectivity. Peptides were assessed for their affinity to bind to δORs and μ-opioid receptors (μORs) and potency to inhibit cAMP signaling and to recruit β-arrestin 2. Additionally, peptide stability was measured in rat plasma. Substitution of the meta-position of Phe4 of Leu5-enkephalin provided high-affinity ligands with varying levels of selectivity and bias at both the δOR and μOR and improved peptide stability, while substitution with picoline derivatives produced lower-affinity ligands with G protein biases at both receptors. Overall, these favorable substitutions at the meta-position of Phe4 may be combined with other modifications to Leu5-enkephalin to deliver improved agonists with finely tuned potency, selectivity, bias and drug-like properties.Abstract FigureTOC FIGURE
Development of a hybrid Bayesian network model for predicting acute fish toxicity using multiple lines of evidence
Authors: Moe S. Jannicke , Madsen Anders L. , Connors Kristin A. , Rawlings Jane M. , Belanger Scott E. , Landis Wayne G. , Wolf Raoul , Lillicrap Adam D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA Bayesian network was developed for predicting the acute toxicity intervals of chemical substances to fish, based on information on fish embryo toxicity (FET) in combination with other information. This model can support the use of FET data in a Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) approach for replacing the use of juvenile fish. The BN predicted correct toxicity intervals for 69%-80% of the tested substances. The model was most sensitive to components quantified by toxicity data, and least sensitive to components quantified by expert knowledge. The model is publicly available through a web interface. Further development of this model should include additional lines of evidence, refinement of the discretisation, and training with a larger dataset for weighting of the lines of evidence. A refined version of this model can be a useful tool for predicting acute fish toxicity, and a contribution to more quantitative WOE approaches for ecotoxicology and environmental assessment more generally.HighlightsA Bayesian network (BN) was developed to predict the toxicity of chemicals to fishThe BN uses fish embryo toxicity data in a quantitative weight-of-evidence approachThe BN integrates physical, chemical and toxicological properties of chemicalsCorrect toxicity intervals were predicted for 69-80% of test casesThe BN is publicly available for demonstration and testing through a web interface
Nutritional signals rapidly activate oligodendrocyte differentiation in the adult hypothalamic median eminence
Authors: Kohnke Sara , Lam Brian , Buller Sophie , Zhao Chao , Nuzzaci Danae , Tadross John , Holmqvist Staffan , Ridley Katherine , Hathaway Hannah , Macklin Wendy , Yeo Giles SH , Franklin Robin JM , Rowitch David H , Blouet Clemence 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe mediobasal hypothalamus (arcuate nucleus - ARC - and median eminence - ME -) controls energy balance, growth and fertility through its ability to integrate neuronal, nutritional and hormonal signals and coordinate the behavioural, neuroendocrine and metabolic responses required for these functions. While our understanding of the neural circuits downstream from ARC neurons is rapidly progressing, little is known about the function of other cell types. Here we describe an unexpected role for oligodendrocytes (OL) of the ME in monitoring nutritional signals. We show that refeeding following an overnight fast rapidly activates oligodendrocyte differentiation and the production of new OL in the ME specifically. No changes in myelination were measured in this time-frame. However, refeeding changed the expression of OL-derived extracellular matrix proteins decorin and tenascin-R, with consistent changes in the density of local perineuronal nets. Last, we show that OLs use mTORC1 signalling, a pathway required for OL differentiation, to survey energy and protein availability, specifically in the ME. We conclude that new oligodendrocytes formed in the ME in response to nutritional signals control the access of circulating metabolic cues to ARC interoceptive neurons.