bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El casco antiguo de Cartagena: transformaciones urbanisticas y patrimoniales ante la recuperación de su paisaje cultural = The Old Town of Cartagena: Urban and Patrimonial Transformations Before the Recovery of its Cultural Landscape
Authors: Jiménez Meseguer María José , Morales Yago Francisco José 
Published: September 2018

Cartagena es una ciudad situada en un emplazamiento excepcional, esta circunstancia ha permitido la llegada de diferentes pobladores desde la antigüedad, posibilitando un abundante y diferenciado patrimonio arqueológico y arquitectónicoconsecuencia de las diferentes épocas por las que ha pasado la ciudad a lo largo de su milenaria historia. En las últimas décadas, las administraciones públicas conscientes de la importancia económica del turismo a través del patrimonio y el paisaje; hanrealizado una destacada propuesta de Planes Especiales, tratando de recuperar y rehabilitar íntegramente el Casco Antiguo. Estas iniciativas han provocado que en los últimos años un modelo de desarrollo económico de la ciudad basado en el aprovechamiento turístico cultural y no únicamente en el tradicional sector industrial y agrario. Las nuevas actuaciones a favor de la recuperación urbana de Cartagena para su uso turístico están repercutiendo en una mejora en la calidad de vida de sus habitantes así como en la creación de una ciudad atractiva y dinámica, capaz de generar riqueza y con un futuro prometedor.Cartagena is a city located in an exceptional location, this circumstance has allowed the arrival of different settlers since ancient times, allowing an abundant and differentiated archaeological and architectural heritage as a result of the different periods through which the city has passed through its millenary history. In recent decades, public administrations aware of the economic importance of tourism through heritage and landscape. They have made an outstanding proposal for Special Plans, trying to recover and fully rehabilitate the Old Town. These initiatives have led in recent years a model of economic development of the city based on cultural tourism and not only in the traditional industrial and agricultural sector. The new actions in favor of the urban recovery of Cartagena for its tourist use are having an impact on an improvement in the quality of life of its inhabitants as well as in the creation of an attractive and dynamic city, capable of generating wealth and with a promising future.
Resumen de tesis doctoral: Rodríguez García, José Luis, Dinámicas sociales del paisaje en el Campo de Albacete
Authors: García Ferrero Alejandro 
Published: September 2018

Rodríguez García, José Luis, Dinámicas sociales del paisaje en el Campo de Albacete, Departamento de Geografía, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Director: Manuel Antonio Zárate Martín. Fecha: 2 de noviembre de 2015.
Les rapports aux savoirs d’élèves de 3e secondaire de la région de Montréal : la place des sciences et des mathématiques 1
Authors: Gibeau Guy , Roy Gilles 
Published: September 2018

La recherche présentée dans cet article vise à vérifier si deux des tendances les plus souvent révélées dans la littérature sur l’éducation aux sciences pouvaient être à nouveau confirmées, à savoir : 1) un effritement de l’intérêt des jeunes à l’égard des mathématiques et des sciences autour de l’âge de 14 à 16 ans et 2) la mise à distance, par certaines catégories d’élèves, d’un chemin qui aurait pu mener à la poursuite d’une carrière scientifique. La méthodologie déployée, de nature qualitative, a mené à décrire puis à analyser le contenu de près de 500 bilans de savoirs rédigés par des élèves de troisième secondaire inscrits dans quatre écoles différentes. Les résultats dégagés tempèrent ces deux grands constats et révèlent plutôt la présence d’une forte intériorisation des normes scolaires en général et de l’utilité perçue des mathématiques et des sciences en particulier.
Towards the Semiotics of (In)sincerity (A Few Preliminary Remarks)1
Authors: Lotman Mihhail 
Published: September 2018

Simply stated, sincerity is an intention to express the truth, while insincerity is an intention to mislead. A sincere person can be wrong and give false information, while an insincere person can make a mistake and speak the truth. Sincerity – and not the truth – is what is detected with a polygraph (a mentally ill person responding to the question “Are you Napoleon?” with a negation may well register as lying on a polygraph test).
In this paper I bring different examples (from texts which belong to various spheres of discourse) that illustrate a splitting of consciouscess in an otherwise mentally sane person : fantastic accusations (both self-accusations and accusations of others) are presented in a state of both belief and disbelief. Usual triggers for this phenomenon are fear and anger (which often occur together), but reasons may also be found in erotic desire or else in aesthetic licence, etc.
Embedded Dipole Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Contact Resistance Tuning in p‐Type and n‐Type Organic Thin Film Transistors and Flexible Electronic Circuits
Authors: Petritz Andreas , Krammer Markus , Sauter Eric , Gärtner Michael , Nascimbeni Giulia , Schrode Benedikt , Fian Alexander , Gold Herbert , Cojocaru Andreea , Karner‐Petritz Esther , Resel Roland , Terfort Andreas , Zojer Egbert , Zharnikov Michael , Zojer Karin , Stadlober Barbara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBased on the powerful concept of embedded dipole self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), highly conductive interfacial layers are designed, which allow tuning the contact resistance of organic thin‐film transistors over three orders of magnitude with minimum values well below 1 kΩ cm. This not only permits the realization of highly competitive p‐type (pentacene‐based) devices on rigid as well as flexible substrates, but also enables the realization of n‐type (C60‐based) transistors with comparable characteristics utilizing the same electrode material (Au). As prototypical examples for the high potential of the presented SAMs in more complex device structures, flexible organic inverters with static gains of 220 V/V and a 5‐stage ring‐oscillator operated below 4 V with a stage frequency in the range of the theoretically achievable maximum are fabricated. Employing a variety of complementary experimental and modeling techniques, it is shown that contact resistances are reduced by i) eliminating the injection barrier through a suitable dipole orientation, and by ii) boosting the transmission of charge carriers through a deliberate reduction of the SAM thickness. Notably, the embedding of the dipolar group into the backbones of the SAM‐forming molecules allows exploiting their beneficial effects without modifying the growth of the active layer.
A 3D Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/TiN Nanowires Composite as a Strong Polysulfide Anchor for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with Enhanced Rate Performance and High Areal Capacity
Authors: Li Zhaohuai , He Qiu , Xu Xu , Zhao Yan , Liu Xiaowei , Zhou Cheng , Ai Dong , Xia Lixue , Mai Liqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted remarkable attention due to their high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1, rich resources, inexpensiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application of the Li–S battery is hindered by the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and slow redox reactions. Herein, a 3D nitrogen‐doped graphene/titanium nitride nanowires (3DNG/TiN) composite is reported as a freestanding electrode for Li–S batteries. The highly porous conductive graphene network provides efficient pathways for both electrons and ions. TiN nanowires attached on the graphene sheets have a strong chemical anchor effect on the polysulfides, which is proved by the superior performance and by density functional theory calculations. As a result, the 3DNG/TiN cathode exhibits an initial capacity of 1510 mAh g−1 and the capacity remains at 1267 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. Even at 5 C, a capacity of 676 mAh g−1 is reached. With a high sulfur loading of 9.6 mg cm−2, the 3DNG cathode achieves an ultrahigh areal capacity of 12.0 mAh cm−2 at a high current density of 8.03 mA cm−2. This proposed unique structure gives a bright prospect in that high energy density and high power density can be achieved simultaneously for Li–S batteries.
A Confinement Strategy for Stabilizing ZIF‐Derived Bifunctional Catalysts as a Benchmark Cathode of Flexible All‐Solid‐State Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhu Lin , Zheng Dezhou , Wang Zifan , Zheng Xusheng , Fang Pingping , Zhu Junfa , Yu Minghao , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarbon composites with embedded metal/metal oxides represent a group of versatile electrochemical catalysts that has attracted extensive research attention. However, the beauty of this concept is marred by the severe carbon evaporation and the aggregation of metal species during their synthetic process, leading to the diminishment in active sites and catalytic durability. To address this issue, this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing Al2O3 nanolayer to trap volatile carbon and nitrogen species and alleviate the aggregation of Co species during the pyrolysis of the Zn/Co‐ZIFs (ZIF = zeolitic imidazolate framework). With the confinement effect of an Al2O3 nanolayer, the derived Co3O4‐embedded N‐doped porous carbon grown on carbon cloth presents outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity with a small potential difference of 787 mV between the half‐wave potential of the oxygen reduction reaction and an overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of the oxygen evolution reaction. More impressively, an advanced flexible rechargeable zinc–air battery in all‐solid‐state configuration is assembled, which achieves the maximum power density of 72.4 mW cm−3 and good cycling stability. The insights produced in this work will provide guidance for the rational design of metal/carbon hybrid catalysts and low‐cost renewable energy systems.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Iwatsuki Masaaki , Harada Kazuto , Iwagami Shiro , Eto Kojiro , Ishimoto Takatsugu , Baba Yoshifumi , Yoshida Naoya , Ajani Jaffer A. , Baba Hideo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare and mesenchymal in origin with a yearly incidence of 10‐15 cases per million people. If it is technically resectable, surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy regardless of tumor location,. Although complete (R0) resection can be achieved in up to 85% of patients with primary disease, approximately 50% of patients experience recurrence or metastases within 5 years of primary resection. Moreover, prior to 2000, the prognosis of patients with advanced, inoperable GIST was poor because the molecular mechanism had not sufficiently been elucidated, thus effective therapy was lacking. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib, which selectively inhibits tyrosine kinase KIT, has shown substantial clinical benefit for patients with GIST. In clinical trials, imatinib treatment resulted in response rates of 40%‐55% and longer progression‐free survival for patients with a KIT‐positive unresectable or metastatic GIST. Furthermore, recent clinical trials have shown that giving imatinib after curative resection for high‐risk cases prolonged recurrence‐free survival and overall survival in an adjuvant setting. Several clinical trials of imatinib treatment in a neoadjuvant setting are ongoing; however, in clinical settings, there are problems to resolve, such as optimal agents, duration of administration, and postoperative management. In this review, we discuss the application of surgical options, combined with adjuvant/neoadjuvant or perioperative imatinib treatment and their potential impact on survival for patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic GIST.
Perioperative and prognostic implication of albumin‐bilirubin‐TNM score in Child‐Pugh class A hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sonohara Fuminori , Yamada Suguru , Tanaka Nobutake , Suenaga Masaya , Takami Hideki , Hayashi Masamichi , Niwa Yukiko , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Hattori Norifumi , Kanda Mitsuro , Tanaka Chie , Kobayashi Daisuke , Nakayama Goro , Koike Masahiko , Fujiwara Michitaka , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and AimA reliable classification for predicting postoperative prognosis and perioperative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is required to make a precise decision for HCC treatment. In the present study, we assessed the perioperative and prognostic importance of indocyanine green (ICG) testing, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI) grade, and ALBI‐TNM (ALBI‐T) score using consecutive resected HCC cases.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2011, 273 consecutive patients who underwent primary and curative hepatectomy for HCC were identified. Among these 273 cases, 235 Child‐Pugh class A patients were enrolled in the present study.ResultsCorrelation analysis showed that the value of linear predictor for ALBI grade was significantly correlated with ICG 15‐minute retention rates (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Survival analysis for both recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) showed there were significant differences between the two groups stratified by stage or ALBI‐T score (stage, RFS: P = 0.01, OS: P = 0.003; ALBI‐T, RFS: P < 0.0001, OS: P < 0.0001). In addition, Cox proportional hazard model identified ALBI‐T score was a significant predictor for both RFS and OS (RFS, P = 0.001; OS, P = 0.004). Furthermore, ALBI‐T score could predict perioperative risk in hepatectomy such as longer operation time and excessive intraoperative blood loss.ConclusionsThis study showed a robust association of ALBI‐T score with postoperative HCC patient survival and perioperative risk in hepatectomy. ALBI‐T score can be used as a simple and powerful tool for assessing HCC patients with further study.
Quantitative discrimination of deformation in Fueguian crania
Authors: Lucea Alina , Salicrú Miquel , Turbón Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesArtificial deformation of the cranium in humans has been related to powerful environmental‐cultural stimuli that modify vectors of growth and development when the cranium is still malleable. Osteological differentiation into deformed and nondeformed remains enables the morphological information of individuals that make up ethnic groups or populations to be separately contrasted, the invariant measurements of deformation to be identified, the information provided by archeological remains to be placed in a social context, the cranial variation to be related to genetic variation (individuals without deformation), and predictions to be made (in the absence of direct genetic information).MethodsWith samples of reduced size and many variables, we propose a decision rule based on: (a) pre‐selecting variables (Kruskal‐Wallis and Λ‐Wilks test); (b) applying logistic regression to obtain the optimal classification criterion; and (c) defining a multi‐criterion decision rule to bring about greater robustness.ResultsAfter applying the decision rule to a sample of 180 crania (71 from the Selknam, 74 from the Yamana, and 35 from the Alakaluf ethnic groups), it was possible to identify the Selknam men with frontal deformation and the Yamana women with flattening of the parietal regions at the height of the bregma.ConclusionsFrom there on with the information provided by the graphical representation of the populations in the most informative dimensions and the homogeneity contrast between sexes, we related the frontal deformation in Selknam men to dragging firewood, vegetable matter, domestic utensils, and heavy pieces of meat from the hunt. On the other hand, the flattening of the parietal areas at the height of the bregma in Yamana women is related to loading and transporting vegetables and animals in baskets or leather sacks.
Coming to grips with economic development: Variation in adult hand grip strength during health transition in Vanuatu
Authors: Olszowy Kathryn M. , Little Michael A. , Lee Gwang , Pomer Alysa , Dancause Kelsey N. , Sun Cheng , Silverman Harold , Chan Chim W. , Tarivonda Len , Kaneko Akira , Weitz Charles , Koji Lum Jeffrey , Garruto Ralph M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether (1) maximal handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with inter‐island level of economic development in Vanuatu, (2) how associations between island of residence and HGS are mediated by age, sex, body size/composition, and individual sociodeomographic variation, and (3) whether HGS is predictive of hypertension.Material and methodsHGS was collected from 833 adult (aged 18 and older) men and women on five islands representing a continuum of economic development in Vanuatu. HGS was measured using a handheld dynamometer. Participants were administered in an extensive sociobehavioral questionnaire and were also assessed for height, weight, percent body fat, forearm skinfold thickness, forearm circumference, and blood pressure.ResultsHGS was significantly greater in men than in women regardless of island of residence. HGS was also significantly positively associated with inter‐island level of economic development. Grip strength‐to‐weight ratio was not different across islands except in older individuals, where age‐related decline occurred primarily on islands with greater economic development. HGS significantly declined with age in both men and women.ConclusionHGS is positively associated with modernization in Vanuatu, but the relationship between HGS and modernization is largely due to an association of both variables with increased body size on more modernized islands. Further research on the role of individual variation in diet and physical activity are necessary to clarify the relationship between HGS and modernization.
A Supramolecular Approach to the Preparation of Nanographene Adlayers Using Water‐Soluble Molecular Capsules
Authors: Origuchi Sakura , Kishimoto Mai , Yoshizawa Michito , Yoshimoto Soichiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent building blocks for the creation of two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheets. However, large PAHs tend to exhibit poor or no solubility in organic solvents and water. To overcome this issue, we employed water‐soluble micellar capsules consisting of V‐shaped amphiphilic molecules. Characteristic electrochemical behavior was observed in 0.1 m H2SO4 in the presence of the water‐soluble capsules containing PAHs, such as ovalene, circobiphenyl, and dicoronylene. Furthermore, under these conditions, PAHs were released from the capsules, resulting in the formation of a 2D adlayer of PAHs at the electrochemical interface. Finally, using electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy, we demonstrate that our molecular containers based on water‐soluble molecular capsules allow the facile preparation of 2D PAH adlayers in addition to structurally controlling nanostructure formation on Au surfaces.
Expansion of Interleukin‐22– and Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony‐Stimulating Factor–Expressing, but Not Interleukin‐17A–Expressing, Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Inflamed Joints of Patients With Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Blijdorp Iris C. J. , Menegatti Silvia , van Mens Leonike J. J. , van de Sande Marleen G. H. , Chen Sijia , Hreggvidsdottir Hulda S. , Noordenbos Troy , Latuhihin Talia E. , Bernink Jochem H. , Spits Hergen , Rogge Lars , Baeten Dominique L. P. , Yeremenko Nataliya G. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveClinical trials of the anti–interleukin‐17A (anti–IL‐17A) antibody secukinumab have demonstrated a crucial role of the cytokine IL‐17A in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA); however, its cellular source in this condition remains a matter of controversy. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been recently identified as potent producers of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL‐17A and IL‐22, in a number of different tissues. This study was undertaken to characterize the presence and composition of ILCs, and investigate whether these cells are an important source of IL‐17A, in the synovial tissue (ST) of patients with SpA.MethodsMatched ST, synovial fluid, and peripheral blood (PB) samples were obtained from SpA patients with actively inflamed knee joints. ILC subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. Gene expression analysis at the single‐cell level was performed directly ex vivo and after in vitro activation. An IL‐17A enzyme‐linked immunospot assay was used to detect IL‐17A–secreting cells.ResultsILCs, and particularly NKp44+ ILC3s, were expanded in inflamed arthritic joints. Single‐cell expression analysis demonstrated that ST ILCs were clearly distinguishable from ST T cells and from their PB counterparts. Expression of the Th17 signature transcripts RORC, AHR, and IL23R was detected in a large proportion of ST ILC3s. These cells were capable of inducing expression of IL22 and CSF2, but not IL17A, in response to in vitro restimulation.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that absolute and relative numbers of ILC3s are enriched in the synovial joints of patients with SpA. However, these cells are not a significant source of IL‐17A in this disease.
Distinctive pattern of AHNAK methylation level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the association with HBV‐related liver diseases
Authors: Sun Libo , Li Kang , Liu Guihai , Xu Yuan , Zhang Aiying , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Haitao , Zhao Xiaofei , Jin Boxun , Li Ning , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between AHNAK methylation level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver disease. Bioinformatics methods were applied to evaluate the AHNAK methylation level in PBMC and T cells at different stages of HBV related liver disease, to investigate the correlation between AHNAK methylation and clinical features, as well as to compare the methylation site of AHNAK in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Subsequently, the differentially expressed gene analysis technique was used to analyze the liver disease‐related genes and immune‐related pathways in hepatitis B patients with different pathological changes. Finally, promoter methylation and mRNA expression of AHNAK gene in liver cancer and adjacent tissues were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR), and the diagnostic value of AHNAK methylation level in hepatopathy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The promoter methylation level of AHNAK gene in PBMCs decreased with the progression of HBV‐related liver disease, and showed significant difference among the patients with various HBV‐related liver diseases (P = 0.0001). The AHNAK methylation level in PBMCs and T cells was negatively associated with age, white blood cell count, CREA, drinking, and positively associated with APTT and HbsAg. Higher mRNA expression of AHNAK was found in liver cancer tissues than that of adjacent tissues (P < 0.001), and the methylation level in PBMC decreased with the progression of hepatitis B‐related liver disease. The area under the ROC curve (ROC) was 0.883 (P < 0.001) in diagnosis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 0.885 (P < 0.001) in diagnosis of compensatory liver cirrhosis, 0.955 (P < 0.001) in diagnosis of decompensated liver cirrhosis, 0.981 (P < 0.001) in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Our results revealed that AHNAK methylation level in peripheral blood decreases with the progression of hepatitis B‐related liver disease. This provided a potential differential diagnostic method for HBV‐related hepatopathies, and thus an early detective tool for liver cancer.