bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a new self‐care guide package on maternal and neonatal outcomes in gestational diabetes: A randomized control trial
Authors: Kolivand Mitra , Rahimi Mehr Ali , Keramat Afsaneh , Shariati Mohammad , Emamian Mohammad Hassan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of a new self‐care guide package on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 152 women with GDM. The intervention group was provided with the self‐care guide package and three face‐to‐face educational sessions. The control group received routine clinical services, including physician visits and short training regarding nutrition, blood glucose control, and insulin injections. The primary outcomes were fasting and 2‐h postprandial blood glucose and self‐efficacy measured at the beginning of the study and 1 month after the end of the intervention. Secondary outcomes included Apgar scores, birth weight, type of delivery, and newborn hospitalization. Data were analyzed using t‐tests, as well as Mann–Whitney, Chi‐squared, and linear and logistic regression tests.ResultsThe mean (±SD) self‐efficacy score was higher in the intervention than control group (74.4 ± 7.0 vs 36.4 ± 5.2, respectively; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in mean fasting plasma glucose between the two groups (P = 0.163), but mean 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose was lower in the intervention than control group (105.1 ± 17.6 vs 127.2 ± 20.4 mg/dL, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the weight and age of the neonate at delivery or in the type of delivery between the two groups. However, the newborn hospitalization rate was higher in the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe use of a self‐care package had a positive effect on maternal self‐efficacy and 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose, Apgar scores, and neonatal hospitalization.
Injury‐based Geographic Access to Trauma Centers
Authors: Wei Ran , Clay Mann N. , Dai Mengtao , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies examining access to trauma care use patient residence as a proxy for location and need for services, which could result in a flawed understanding of access to trauma centers. The objective of this study was to examine the geographic access of the U.S. population to trauma centers based on trauma incident locations.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using 9‐1‐1 emergency medical services activations associated with traumatic injury from the 2014 National Emergency Medical Services Information System and trauma centers participating in the 2014 American Hospital Association Annual Survey. The measures included the percentage of trauma incidents that could reach a trauma center within 60 minutes by ground ambulance, capacity‐to‐demand ratio for each trauma center, and overall trauma care accessibility ratio for each U.S. zip code.ResultsA total of 92.9% of all trauma incidents could be transported to an existing trauma center within 60 minutes by ground ambulance, and 85.3% could be transported to a Level I or II trauma center within this time frame in the 32 study states. While 94.7% of trauma incidents in the Northeast area could be transported to a Level I or II trauma center within a 60‐minute driving time, the capacity‐to‐demand ratios of trauma centers in this region were low, indicating high utilization of those trauma center resources. By using the accessibility measure, we found that some Midwestern and Southern states had higher amounts of accessible trauma center resources relative to the number of injuries than Northeastern states.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that greater access to trauma care and significant variations can be observed throughout the 32 study states when using trauma incident location rather than patient residence to calculate access to trauma care. The proposed capacity‐to‐demand ratio and accessibility ratio can be applied to many other needs assessments in health care.
Serotonin transporter (5‐HTTLPR) genotypes and trinucleotide repeats of androgen receptor exert a combinatorial effect on hormonal milieu in patients with lifelong premature ejaculation
Authors: Khan H. L. , Bhatti S. , Abbas S. , Khan Y. L. , Gonzalez R. M. M. , Aslamkhan M. , Gonzalez G. R. , Aydin H. H. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPremature ejaculation is one of the most common sexual disorders in men due to uncontrolled modulation of spinal reflexes controlled by cortico‐limbic centers in the brain. In this study, we investigate the combinatorial effects of trinucleotide repeats of androgen receptor and allelic variants of the 5‐HTTLPR gene on sex steroids, hypophyseal hormones, sexual performance, and premature ejaculation assessment parameters among evidence‐based lifelong premature ejaculation subjects. A total of 271 outpatients (age 26.6 ± 1.9) consulting for evidence‐based lifelong premature ejaculatory dysfunction were selected in this study. The control group consists of 155 men with normal IELT (>4 min). The study revealed that the subjects who have the highest (≥26) CAG stretches depicted a significantly higher serum oxytocin levels (102.1 pg/ml; n = 126, p < 0.001) compared with the control group (71.2 pg/ml; n = 75, p = <0.001) and patients which have medium (22–25) and short (≤21) CAG stretches (76.63 ng/ml; n = 64, p < 0.001 vs. 77.4 ng/ml; n = 81, p < 0.001). Almost 33 (26.1%) lifelong premature ejaculatory patients had AR variant of longer (≥26) CAG repeats was homozygous for S alleles (SS), 45 (35.7%) was homozygous for L allele (LL), and 48 (38%) had the L/S or S/L genotype of 5‐HTTLPR gene. Homozygous (SS) alleles have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) with the high score of BDI‐II (39.1, n = 126, p < 0.001). However, LL alleles have shown a significant positive correlation with PEDT (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and negative correlation with self‐estimated IELT and intercourse satisfaction (r = −0.35, p < 0.001). The innovative study design elaborates that androgen receptor trinucleotide repeats and 5‐HTTLPR genotypes have combinatorial impact on hormonal milieu and sexual function regarding evidence‐based lifelong premature ejaculatory dysfunction patients.
Primary Baerveldt versus trabeculectomy study after one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Islamaj Esma , Wubbels René J. , de Waard Peter W.T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare a Baerveldt implant and trabeculectomy with respect to intraocular pressure (IOP) and failure rate at 1 year of follow‐up. Secondary outcomes are pharmacological therapy and complications at 1 year of follow‐up.MethodsThis was a randomized, comparative study. A total of 119 glaucoma patients without previous ocular surgery were included at the Rotterdam Eye Hospital, the Netherlands. One eye of each subject was randomized to either a Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device (BGI) or trabeculectomy (TE). Follow‐up visits were conducted at 1 day, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery.ResultsAfter one year, the final IOP was equivalent for both treatment groups: 14 ± 4 mmHg (mean ± SD) for the Baerveldt group versus 13 ± 4 mmHg for the trabeculectomy group. Statistically, we found no significant difference in failure rate between the two groups. However, the Baerveldt group needed significantly more medication to decrease IOP. Overall, self‐limiting complication rate was similar in both groups. Diplopia, a serious complication, was significantly more present in the BGI group.ConclusionOne year after surgery, TE shows better results than the BGI. The final IOP, IOP reduction and failure rate are similar, but the need for additional IOP lowering medication in the BGI group is higher as well as the complication rate. The increased risk of developing diplopia after placement of a BGI must be taken into consideration.
Dissecting the neuronal vulnerability underpinning Alpers’ syndrome: a clinical and neuropathological study
Authors: Hayhurst Hannah , Anagnostou Maria‐Eleni , Bogle Helen J. , Grady John P. , Taylor Robert W. , Bindoff Laurence A. , McFarland Robert , Turnbull Doug M. , Lax Nichola Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlpers’ syndrome is an early‐onset neurodegenerative disorder often caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of polymerase‐gamma (POLG) which is essential for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication. Alpers’ syndrome is characterized by intractable epilepsy, developmental regression and liver failure which typically affects children aged 6 months–3 years. Although later onset variants are now recognized, they differ in that they are primarily an epileptic encephalopathy with ataxia. The disorder is progressive, without cure and inevitably leads to death from drug‐resistant status epilepticus, often with concomitant liver failure. Since our understanding of the mechanisms contributing the neurological features in Alpers’ syndrome is rudimentary, we performed a detailed and quantitative neuropathological study on 13 patients with clinically and histologically‐defined Alpers’ syndrome with ages ranging from 2 months to 18 years. Quantitative immunofluorescence showed severe respiratory chain deficiencies involving mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits of complex I and, to a lesser extent, complex IV in inhibitory interneurons and pyramidal neurons in the occipital cortex and in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. Diminished densities of these neuronal populations were also observed. This study represents the largest cohort of post‐mortem brains from patients with clinically defined Alpers’ syndrome where we provide quantitative evidence of extensive complex I defects affecting interneurons and Purkinje cells for the first time. We believe interneuron and Purkinje cell pathology underpins the clinical development of seizures and ataxia seen in Alpers’ syndrome. This study also further highlights the extensive involvement of GABAergic neurons in mitochondrial disease.
MRI of cortical lesions and its use in studying their role in MS pathogenesis and disease course
Authors: Magliozzi R. , Reynolds R. , Calabrese M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCortical grey matter (GM) demyelination is present from the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with physical deficits and cognitive impairment. In particular, the rate of disability progression in MS, both in the relapsing and progressive phases, appears to be strictly associated with degenerative GM demyelination and diffuse cortical atrophy. In the last decade, several histopathological studies and advanced radiological methodologies have contributed to better identify the exact involvement/load of cortical pathology in MS, even if the specific inflammatory features and the precise cell and molecular mechanisms of GM demyelination and neurodegeneration in MS remain still not fully understood. It has been proposed that a combined neuropathology, imaging and molecular approach may help to define a more detailed characterization and precise assessment of the heterogeneous features of GM injury and inflammation in MS. This, in turn, will possibly identify specific imaging and biohumoral (cerebrospinal fluid/serum) correlates of cortical pathology that may have an important role in predicting and monitor the disease evolution.
A clinical and histopathological study of malformations observed in fetuses infected by the Zika virus
Authors: Beaufrère Aurélie , Bessières Bettina , Bonnière Maryse , Driessen Marine , Alfano Christian , Couderc Thérèse , Thiry Marc , Thelen Nicolas , Lecuit Marc , Attié‐Bitach Tania , Vekemans Michel , Ville Yves , Nguyen Laurent , Leruez‐Ville Marianne , Encha‐Razavi Férechté 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the associated increased prevalence of microcephaly in Brazil underline the impact of viral infections on embryo fetal development. The aim of the present study is to provide a detailed clinical and histopathological study of the fetal disruption caused by the ZIKV, with a special focus on the associated neuropathological findings.MethodsA detailed feto‐placental examination, as well as neuropathological and neurobiological studies were performed on three fetuses collected after pregnancy termination between 22 and 25 weeks of gestation (WG), because brain malformations associated with a maternal and fetal ZIKV infection was diagnosed.ResultsIn all three cases, the maternal infection occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy. A small head was observed on the ultrasound examination of the second trimester of pregnancy and led to the diagnosis of ZIKV fetopathy and pregnancy termination. The fetal histopathological examination was unremarkable on the viscera but showed on the testis an interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. The placenta contained a Hofbauer cells hyperplasia with signs of inflammation. Neuropathological findings included a meningoencephalitis and an ex vacuo hydrocephalus. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of T lymphocytic and histiocytic meningitis associated with an abundant cerebral astroglial and macrophagic reaction. In situ hybridization demonstrated, abundant ZIKV particles within the cerebral parenchyma mainly in the ventricular/subventricular zone and in the cortical plate. In addition massive cells death and endoplasmic reticulum damage were present.ConclusionThe present study reports on the clinical and histopathological findings observed in three fetuses infected by the ZIKV. It emphasizes the severity of brain damages and the minimal visceral and placental changes observed upon ZIKV infection. This confirms the selective neurotropism of ZIKV. Finally, it allows us to describe the cascade of multifactorial developmental defects leading to microcephaly.
Gene transcription in bursting: a unified mode for realizing accuracy and stochasticity
Authors: Wang Yaolai , Ni Tengfei , Wang Wei , Liu Feng 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThere is accumulating evidence that, from bacteria to mammalian cells, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are produced in intermittent bursts – a much ‘noisier’ process than traditionally thought. Based on quantitative measurements at individual promoters, diverse phenomenological models have been proposed for transcriptional bursting. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms and significance for cellular signalling remain elusive. Here, we review recent progress, address the above issues and illuminate our viewpoints with simulation results. Despite being widely used in modelling and in interpreting experimental data, the traditional two‐state model is far from adequate to describe or infer the molecular basis and stochastic principles of transcription. In bacteria, DNA supercoiling contributes to the bursting of those genes that express at high levels and are topologically constrained in short loops; moreover, low‐affinity cis‐regulatory elements and unstable protein complexes can play a key role in transcriptional regulation. Integrating data on the architecture, kinetics, and transcriptional input–output function is a promising approach to uncovering the underlying dynamic mechanism. For eukaryotes, distinct bursting features described by the multi‐scale and continuum models coincide with those predicted by four theoretically derived principles that govern how the transcription apparatus operates dynamically. This consistency suggests a unified framework for comprehending bursting dynamics at the level of the structural and kinetic basis of transcription. Moreover, the existing models can be unified by a generic model. Remarkably, transcriptional bursting enables regulatory information to be transmitted in a digital manner, with the burst frequency representing the strength of regulatory signals. Such a mode guarantees high fidelity for precise transcriptional regulation and also provides sufficient randomness for realizing cellular heterogeneity.
Floral antagonists counteract pollinator‐mediated selection on attractiveness traits in the hummingbird‐pollinatedCollaea cipoensis(Fabaceae)
Authors: Gélvez‐Zúñiga Irene , Teixido Alberto L. , Neves Ana C. O. , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPollinator‐mediated selection toward larger and abundant flowers is common in naturally pollen‐limited populations. However, floral antagonists may counteract this effect, maintaining smaller‐ and few‐flowered individuals within populations. We quantified pollinator and antagonist visit rates and determined a multiplicative female fitness component from attacked and non‐attacked flowers of the Brazilian hummingbird‐pollinated shrubCollaea cipoensisto determine the selective effects of pollinators and floral antagonists on flower size and number. We predicted that floral antagonists reduce the female fitness component and thus exert negative selective pressures on flower size and number, counteracting the positive effects of pollinators. Pollinators, mainly hummingbirds, comprised 4% of total floral visitation, whereas antagonist ants and bees accounted for 90% of visitation. Nectar‐robbers involved about 99% of floral antagonist visit rates, whereas florivores comprised the remaining 1%. Larger and abundant flowers increased both pollinator and antagonist visit rates and the female fitness component significantly decreased in flowers attacked by nectar‐robbers and florivores in comparison to non‐attacked flowers. We detected that pollinators favored larger‐ and many‐flowered individuals, whereas floral antagonists exerted negative selection on flower size and number. This study confirms that floral antagonists reduce female plant fitness and this pattern directly exerts negative selective pressures on flower size and number, counteracting pollinator‐mediated selection on floral attractiveness traits.
Creative ventures and the personalities that activate them in a post‐disaster setting
Authors: Cameron Trudi , Moore Kevin , Montgomery Roy , Stewart Emma J. 
Published: July 2018

In the post‐earthquakes setting of Christchurch, New Zealand, the realization of value for the affected community occurred in a variety of ways. Data for this study were gathered from in‐depth interviews (n = 45) with people involved in a range of creative ventures pursued for commercial or social benefit during the five years following the earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand in 2010 and 2011. Perhaps unexpectedly, the unstable setting delivered a multitude of opportunities for entrepreneurship and a reduced level of perceived risk. It was found that characteristics of those implementing creative projects contributed to the initial success of ventures. The characteristics, however, differ in important ways from those found in previous research about the typical psychological propensities associated with those who act on entrepreneurial opportunities. Importantly, the characteristics that led to the activation of ideas in the post‐disaster setting may have also led to their inability to prolong benefits.
Does allergy explain why some children have severe asthma?
Authors: Bonner Katie , Roberts Graham 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAsthma is a common disease in childhood with a minority of affected children having severe therapy‐resistant asthma (STRA). Children with STRA can be differentiated from those with mild‐moderate disease by greater allergic sensitization, increased eosinophilic airway inflammation, increased airway remodelling and reduced corticosteroid responsiveness. The aetiology of STRA in children is multifactorial but allergy seems to play a key role. Many children with asthma have coexisting allergic disease, and severe rhinitis seems to be an important driver of STRA in children. Allergies to foods, moulds, pollen and pets have also been associated with severe asthma exacerbations. Identifying allergens that are driving asthma symptoms in children with STRA may provide additional strategies for improving their disease control. Avoidance strategies may be possible. Additional monoclonal antibody therapy with Omalizumab or Mepolizumab may be helpful in children with clinically important polysensitization.
Impact of donor coronary angiography on kidney transplantation outcomes
Authors: Lesouhaitier Mathieu , Legeai Camille , Savoye Emilie , Cantrelle Christelle , Pipien Isabelle , Macher Marie‐Alice , Vigneau Cécile , Dorent Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCoronary angiography (CA) is the gold standard evaluation of coronary artery disease in potential multi‐organ donors. This use of iodinated contrast media could lead to contrast‐induced acute kidney injury and consequently to delayed graft function (DGF). All patients in France who received a kidney from a 45‐70‐year‐old donor without medical contraindication for cardiac donation and with at least one cardiovascular risk factor were included. Recipients of preemptive kidney transplant or multi‐organ transplant, or who died within the first 8 days post‐transplantation were excluded. Data were obtained from CRISTAL database. From March 2012 to June 2014, 892 kidneys from 483 donors were transplanted. DGF was reported in 38.9% of the 375 kidney recipients grafted with a kidney from the 217 donors who had CA and in 45.5% of the 440 kidney recipients who received a kidney from the 257 donors without CA. Multivariate analysis showed that CA or repeated injection of iodinated contrast media did not influence the risk of DGF. CA did not increase the risk of primary non‐function, the duration of DGF or post‐transplantation hospital stay and did not affect the graft function at 1 year. Evaluation of potential multi‐organ donors with CA does not affect kidney graft outcomes.
Disfigurement, the body and dress: A review of the literature
Authors: Wilkinson Catherine , Carter Bernie , Shokrollahi Kayvan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article reviews literature on disfigurement, the body and dress in order to better understand the relationship between dress—including mainstream clothing (“fashion”), clinical clothing (such as pressure garments, prescribed glasses, and prescribed footwear), and accessories—and its social and symbolic status for individuals living with a visible difference. We assess the state of the field through an interdisciplinary lens, collating literature from disciplines including but not limited to Geography, Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology, and Health. We review literature pertaining to living with a disfigurement and managing stigma, with an emphasis on dress and the disfigured body. In bringing this scholarship together, we speak to the geographies of the body and literature on the body and dress, considering the dressed body as both subject in, and object of, dress practice. We suggest that a new substantive focus on disfigurement could help to broaden and invigorate existing fields of inquiry at the intersection of social, health, and cultural geographies. In concluding, we highlight thematic directions for future study, including exploring the spaces and places in which decisions relating to disfigurement and dress are made, and the complex processes of negotiating marginalisation by those with a disfigurement.