bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for interfacial flows on unstructured meshes
Authors: Patel Jitendra Kumar , Natarajan Ganesh 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe present a simple and cost‐effective curvature calculation approach for simulations of interfacial flows on structured and unstructured grids. The interface is defined using volume fractions, and the interface curvature is obtained as a function of the gradients of volume fractions. The gradient computation is based on a recently proposed gradient recovery method that mimicks the least squares approach without the need to solve a system of equations and is quite easy to implement on arbitrary polygonal meshes. The resulting interface curvature is used in a continuum surface force formulation within the framework of a well‐balanced finite‐volume algorithm to simulate multiphase flows dominated by surface tension. We show that the proposed curvature calculation is at least as accurate as some of the existing approaches on unstructured meshes while being straightforward to implement on any mesh topology. Numerical investigations also show that spurious currents in stationary problems that are dependent on the curvature calculation methodology are also acceptably low using the proposed approach. Studies on capillary waves and rising bubbles in viscous flows lend credence to the ability of the proposed method as an inexpensive, robust, and reasonably accurate approach for curvature calculation and numerical simulation of multiphase flows.
Metal‐free cross‐dehydrogenative coupling approach for C‐H bond functionalization of 2‐phenyl pyridine derivatives in water
Authors: Surendra Babu Gogu Venkata , Sai Prathima Parvathaneni , Perumgani Pullaiah C. , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Venkateshwar Rao Tumula , Mohan Rao Mandapati 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe have developed a simple K2S2O8‐mediated C‐H bond functionalization of 2‐phenyl pyridines (C‐2 position) with ethers involving C(sp2)‐C(sp3) cross‐dehydrogenative coupling. The reaction does not require metal catalysts nor visible light and operates under mild conditions. Furthermore, the protocol is easily scalable and extendable to a wide range of pyridine derivatives.
Solid State and Aggregation Induced Emissive Chromophores by Multi‐component Syntheses
Authors: Merkt Franziska K. , Müller Thomas J. J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe formation of chromophores by multi‐component reactions is a synthetically favorable and highly practical chromogenic concept for exploring functional and structural space of solid state and aggregation induced emission (AIE). The underlying reactivity is enabled by alkynoyl intermediates, which are generated in a catalytic fashion and, thereby, open very mild entries to many consecutive one‐pot formations of luminophores. This account summarizes the multi‐component synthetic concept and presents very recent investigations on solid state and aggregation induced emissive systems.
Mechanical behavior of metastatic vertebrae are influenced by tissue architecture, mineral content, and organic feature alterations
Authors: Burke Mikhail , Akens Margarete , Kiss Alex , Willett Thomas , Whyne Cari 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTDiminished vertebral mechanical behavior with metastatic involvement is typically attributed to modified architecture and trabecular bone content. Previous work has identified organic and mineral phase bone quality changes in the presence of metastases, yet limited work exists on the potential influence of such tissue level modifications on vertebral mechanical characteristics. This work seeks to determine correlations between features of bone (structural and tissue level) and mechanical behavior in metastatically involved vertebral bone. It is hypothesized that tissue level properties (mineral and organic) will improve these correlations beyond architectural properties and BMD alone. Twenty‐four female athymic rats were inoculated with HeLa or Ace‐1 cancer cells lines producing osteolytic (N = 8) or mixed (osteolytic/osteoblastic, N = 7) metastases, respectively. Twenty‐one days post‐inoculation L1‐L3 pathologic vertebral motion segments were excised and μCT imaged. 3D morphometric parameters and axial rigidity of the L2 vertebrae were quantified. Sequential loading and μCT imaging measured progression of failure, stiffness and peak force. Relationships between mechanical testing (whole bone and tissue‐level) and tissue‐level material property modifications with metastatic involvement were evaluated utilizing linear regression models. Osteolytic involvement reduced vertebral trabecular bone volume, structure, CT‐derived axial rigidity, stiffness and failure force compared to healthy controls (N = 9). Mixed metastases demonstrated similar trends. Previously assessed collagen cross‐linking and proline‐based residues were correlated to mechanical behavior and improved the predictive ability of the regression models. Similarly, collagen organization improved predictive regression models for metastatic bone hardness. This work highlights the importance of both bone content/architecture and organic tissue‐level features in characterizing metastatic vertebral mechanics. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3013–3022, 2018.
Acid‐Hydrolyzed Gliadins Worsen Food Allergies through Early Sensitization
Authors: Castan Laure , Villemin Clélia , Claude Mathilde , Aubert Philippe , Durand Tony , Neunlist Michel , Brossard Chantal , Magnan Antoine , Bodinier Marie , Bouchaud Grégory 
Published: July 2018

ScopeFood allergies result from a complex immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune cells. Major proteins of wheat flour, gliadins, appear to be important allergens, and their characteristics can influence the allergic response. This study investigates the immune reaction when developing a food allergy to gliadins in native, deamidated, or hydrolyzed forms.MethodsThe immune response after one or two intraperitoneal sensitizations and after oral challenge with each gliadin form is analyzed.ResultsResults demonstrate that deamidated gliadins induce a stronger allergic reaction compared to native gliadins. Moreover, deamidation induces an earlier increase in intestinal permeability associated with more pronounced Th2 and Th17 polarizations together with an influx of antigen‐presenting cells, especially cDC2.ConclusionAltogether, Results indicate that industrial processes such as deamidation or hydrolysis influences food allergenicity through immune modulation and helps us to develop tools to determine how these processes can influence this reaction and encourage or decrease allergic reactions.
Joint inversion of cross‐borehole P‐waves, horizontally and vertically polarized S‐waves: tomographic data for hydro‐geophysical site characterization
Authors: von Ketelhodt Julius K. , Fechner Thomas , Manzi Musa S.D. , Durrheim Raymond J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTP‐wave, as well as horizontally and vertically polarized S‐wave, tomographic data were collected between two borehole pairs. This enabled the joint‐inversion of the three datasets. By employing structural constraints, the S‐wave traveltimes were coupled to the more accurate P‐wave traveltimes during the inversion. Thereby, the traveltime and anisotropic artefacts, initially observed in the individually inverted S‐wave tomograms, were significantly reduced and the correlation with the borehole logs improved, while the resolution of the jointly inverted P‐wave tomogram was only marginally affected. The joint inversion proves successful in determining the S‐wave velocity distribution more accurately than individual inversions. In addition, the jointly inverted tomograms were used to detect aquifer heterogeneities, caused by differences in clay content, and to distinguish areas of relatively high effective pressure. Comparison of the jointly inverted S‐wave tomograms suggests the effect of S‐wave anisotropy, which showed substantial velocity differences of approximately −10% to +10%. The anisotropy may have been caused by the presence of water‐filled pores, micro‐cracks and preferred mineral alignment (mainly clay) in the media.
DOSY NMR and Normal Pulse Voltammetry for the Expeditious Determination of Number of Electrons Exchanged in Redox Events
Authors: Donadt Trevor B. , Lilio Alyssia M. , Stinson Taylor A. , Lama Bimala , Luca Oana R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractElectroanalytical methods have become central tools for the development of molecular redox chemistry in the context of energy sciences and synthetic methods. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a routine diagnostic method for the measurement of the equilibrium potential of a redox couple. When electrochemical processes are reversible, CV may be used to determine the number of electrons involved in the redox transition. However, on the timescale of the measurement, redox couples can appear distorted due to short lifetimes of ion radicals or coupled chemical processes. In these cases, the number of electrons involved in a redox process is unclear when following the most commonly available methods. With the advent of a renaissance in electrochemistry‐based synthetic methods, we report a method based on combination of techniques: Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV) and a routine NMR experiment: Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) to enable the determination of the number of electrons, n for a redox transition of such a couple. These two measurements provide an expeditious way to determine n using commonly available equipment.
Smart Bandage for Monitoring and Treatment of Chronic Wounds
Authors: Mostafalu Pooria , Tamayol Ali , Rahimi Rahim , Ochoa Manuel , Khalilpour Akbar , Kiaee Gita , Yazdi Iman K. , Bagherifard Sara , Dokmeci Mehmet R. , Ziaie Babak , Sonkusale Sameer R. , Khademhosseini Ali 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChronic wounds are a major health concern and they affect the lives of more than 25 million people in the United States. They are susceptible to infection and are the leading cause of nontraumatic limb amputations worldwide. The wound environment is dynamic, but their healing rate can be enhanced by administration of therapies at the right time. This approach requires real‐time monitoring of the wound environment with on‐demand drug delivery in a closed‐loop manner. In this paper, a smart and automated flexible wound dressing with temperature and pH sensors integrated onto flexible bandages that monitor wound status in real‐time to address this unmet medical need is presented. Moreover, a stimuli‐responsive drug releasing system comprising of a hydrogel loaded with thermo‐responsive drug carriers and an electronically controlled flexible heater is also integrated into the wound dressing to release the drugs on‐demand. The dressing is equipped with a microcontroller to process the data measured by the sensors and to program the drug release protocol for individualized treatment. This flexible smart wound dressing has the potential to significantly impact the treatment of chronic wounds.
Imaging in gynecological disease (14): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Pozzati F. , Moro F. , Pasciuto T. , Gallo C. , Ciccarone F. , Franchi D. , Mancari R. , Giunchi S. , Timmerman D. , Landolfo C. , Epstein E. , Chiappa V. , Fischerova D. , Fruscio R. , Zannoni G. F. , Valentin L. , Scambia G. , Testa A. C. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of ovarian pure clear cell carcinoma.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving data from 11 ultrasound centers. From the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) database, 105 patients who had undergone preoperative ultrasound examination by an experienced ultrasound examiner between 1999 and 2016 were identified with a histologically confirmed pure clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. An additional 47 patients diagnosed with pure clear cell carcinoma between 1999 and 2016 and with available complete preoperative ultrasound reports were identified retrospectively from the databases of the departments of gynecological oncology in the participating centers. The ultrasound images of all tumors were described using IOTA terminology. Clinical and ultrasound characteristics were analyzed for the whole group, and separately, for patients with and those without histologically confirmed endometriosis, and for patients with evidence of tumor developing from endometriosis.ResultsMedian age of the 152 patients was 53.5 (range, 28–92) years and 92/152 (60.5%) tumors were FIGO Stage I. Most tumors (128/152, 84.2%) were unilateral. On ultrasound examination, all tumors contained solid components and 36/152 (23.7%) were completely solid masses. The median largest diameter of the lesion was 117 (range, 25–310) mm. Papillary projections were present in 58/152 (38.2%) masses and, in most of these (51/56, 91.1%), vascularized papillary projections were seen. Information regarding the presence, site and type of pelvic endometriosis at histology was available for 130/152 patients. Endometriosis was noted in 54 (41.5%) of these. In 24/130 (18.6%) patients, the tumor was judged to have developed from endometriosis. Patients with, compared to those without, evidence of tumor developing from endometriosis were younger (median 47.5 vs 55.0 years, respectively), and ground‐glass echogenicity of cyst fluid was more common in pure clear cell cancers developing from endometriosis (10/20 vs 13/79 (50.0% vs 16.5%), respectively).ConclusionsOvarian pure clear cell carcinoma is usually diagnosed at an early stage and typically appears as a large unilateral mass with solid components. Patients with clear cell carcinoma developing from endometriosis are younger than other patients with clear cell carcinoma, and clear cell cancers developing from endometriosis more often manifest ground‐glass echogenicity of cyst fluid. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Treatment of rats anal fistula with glycerin Aloe barbadensis Miller extract
Authors: Comparin Bruno Cabral , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos , Dourado Doroty Mesquita , Reichel Pâmela Micaela Gomes , Paola Roberta Silva de , Pontes Elenir Rose Jardim Cury 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Rationale There is a need for a low cost treatment for complex anal fistulas that can heal without causing fecal incontinence, with room for the study of herbal medicines.
Objective To evaluate the effect of the glycerin Aloe barbadensis Miller extract in the treatment of anal fistula in rats.
Method Thirty Wistar rats underwent peritoneal anesthesia with ketamine and Xylasine, followed by transfixation of the anal sphincter with a steel wire, which remained for 30 days to develop the anal fistula. After this period, the steel wire was removed and three groups with 10 animals were formed: A (control), without treatment; B (seton), in which a cotton seton was introduced; C (therapeutic seton), in which a cotton thread was introduced as a seton, and Aloe barbadensis Miller extract was daily dripped in the seton; after 30 days, the setons of groups B and C were removed, and after two weeks without a seton euthanasia and removal of specimens was conducted, and the fistula closure and the inflammatory process were analyzed.
Results Fistula persistence was observed in all animals in Group A, six in Group B and three in Group C (p = 0.015). The mean local inflammation levels were 0.9 in Group A; 0.8 in Group B, and 0 in Group C (p = 0.015).
Conclusion The use of a seton soaked in a glycerin Aloe barbadensis Miller extract was effective in the healing of anal fistulas in rats, in addition to causing less inflammatory process than the non-phytotherapeutic seton.
Community engagement to pilot electronic patient-reported outcomes (e-PROs) in early intervention: Lessons learned
Authors: Rigau Briana L. , Scully Elizabeth A. , Dooling-Litfin Jodi K. , Murphy Natalie J. , McManus Beth M. , Khetani Mary A. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundElectronic data capture is essential to advancing family-centered coordinated care in early intervention (EI). The purpose of this paper is to report on EI service coordinator response to piloting an electronic parent-reported outcome (e-PRO) assessment as part of their routine workflow, including lessons learned that may inform future phases of e-PRO implementation.MethodsThis second pilot study involved families enrolled in a large EI program (n=1040 families) in concert with their implementation of a statewide quality improvement initiative for care plan development and outcomes reporting. A total of 22 EI service coordinators and supervisors were engaged in 3 phases: initial e-PRO intervention, peer-mentor enhancement, and standard recruitment protocol.ResultsImplementation of the e-PRO intervention and peer-mentoring enhancement yielded low enrollment rates over the first 6 months (n=17). A standard recruitment protocol has resulted in enrollment growth (n=83) towards the targeted enrollment rate (n=832).ConclusionsThis study reports on early insights for building and sustaining a productive academic-community partnership for e-PRO implementation to support family-centered coordinated care. Lessons learned from this academic-community partnership with respect to strategies for enhancing community significance, collaboration, return, and control are discussed as they inform further development of this intervention before scale-up.
Advancement of multidisciplinary education and research in translational sciences: MERITS program development at Duke University
Authors: Freel Stephanie A. , Fish Laura J. , Mirman Benjamin , Sudan Ranjan , Devi Gayathri R. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionThe Duke Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Translational Sciences Program provides educational resources for faculty and trainees in translational research.MethodsTo aid in program development, we assessed perceptions of translational science through focus groups targeting different career stages.ResultsIn total, 3 essential themes emerged: collaboration, movement toward application, and public health impact. Facilitators and barriers varied among groups.ConclusionTraining programs must provide specific strategies for collaboration and selectively accelerating discoveries to therapies.
Wake of super-hydrophobic falling spheres: influence of the air layer deformation
Authors: Castagna Marco , Mazellier Nicolas , Kourta Azeddine 
Published: July 2018

We report an experimental investigation of the wake of free falling super-hydrophobic spheres. The mutual interaction between the air layer (plastron) encapsulating the super-hydrophobic spheres and the flow is emphasised by studying the hydrodynamic performance. It is found that the air plastron adapts its shape to the flow-induced stresses which compete with the surface tension. This competition is characterised by introducing the Weber number${\mathcal{W}}e$, whilst the plastron deformation is estimated via the aspect ratio$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$. While noticeable distortions are locally observed, the plastron becomes more and more spherical on average (i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}\rightarrow 1$) as far as${\mathcal{W}}e$increases. The study of the falling motion reveals that the plastron compliance has a sizeable influence on the wake development. Investigating the lift force experienced by the super-hydrophobic spheres, the onset of wake instabilities is found to be triggered earlier than for smooth spheres used as reference. Surprisingly, it is also observed that the early promotion of the wake instabilities is even more pronounced beyond a critical Weber number,${\mathcal{W}}e_{c}$, which corresponds to a critical aspect ratio$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{c}$. Furthermore, the magnitude of the hydrodynamic loads is found to be dependent on the average deformation of the gas/liquid interface. Indeed, in comparison to the reference spheres, the high deformation achieved for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{c}$(oblate shape) leads to lift and drag increase, whereas the low deformation obtained for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}_{c}$(spherical shape) yields lift and drag mitigation. Accordingly, taking into account the plastron deformation provides an attractive way to explain the somehow discordant results reported in other studies at comparable Reynolds numbers. These results suggest that the amount of vorticity produced at the body surface and then released in the wake is strongly impacted by the plastron compliance. If confirmed by additional studies and extrapolated to other flow configurations, our findings would imply that plastron compliance and its feedback on the flow, which are currently neglected in most theoretical works and numerical simulations, must be accounted for to design super-hydrophobic surfaces and/or predict their performance.
EXHAUSTION OF THE CURVE GRAPH VIA RIGID EXPANSIONS
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ JESÚS 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor an orientable surfaceSof finite topological type with genusg≥ 3, we construct a finite set of curves whose union of iterated rigid expansions is the curve graph$\mathcal{C}$(S). The set constructed, and the method of rigid expansion, are closely related to Aramayona and Leiniger's finite rigid set in Aramayona and Leininger,J. Topology Anal.5(2) (2013), 183–203 and Aramayona and Leininger,Pac. J. Math.282(2) (2016), 257–283, and in fact a consequence of our proof is that Aramayona and Leininger's set also exhausts the curve graph via rigid expansions.
Diurnal variation in egg excretion by Heterakis gallinarum
Authors: Daş Gürbüz , Westermark Pål O. , Gauly Matthias 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPeriodicity in nematode egg excretion may be of evolutionary origin as it can favour dispersal of the eggs in the environment. We investigated whether egg excretion by Heterakis gallinarum shows a repeatable pattern of periodicity. The faecal egg concentration and total number of eggs excreted within 4-h intervals were significantly affected by the sampling time within 1 day, but remained unaffected by the sampling day or interaction effects. By contrast, the total number of eggs excreted within 24 h did not differ among the 4 days of the study, collectively indicating repeatable egg excretion patterns. Both host feces and parasite egg excretion increased from night to late afternoon, followed by a decrease in the evening, resulting in higher egg excretion during daytime than the dark period. Feces excretion and worm fecundity showed overlapping diurnal rhythms with similarly timed phases, suggesting the existence of synchronicity between the host feces and nematode egg excretion patterns. We conclude that egg excretion by H. gallinarum is synchronized with host feces excretion and is higher during the daytime than during the dark period. This overlaps with the maximum activity of the day-active host and allows a maximal dispersal of the eggs in the environment.