bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: a roadmap for action in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Roth Daniel E. , Abrams Steven A. , Aloia John , Bergeron Gilles , Bourassa Megan W. , Brown Kenneth H. , Calvo Mona S. , Cashman Kevin D. , Combs Gerald , De‐Regil Luz María , Jefferds Maria Elena , Jones Kerry S. , Kapner Hallie , Martineau Adrian R. , Neufeld Lynnette M. , Schleicher Rosemary L. , Thacher Tom D. , Whiting Susan J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVitamin D is an essential nutrient for bone health and may influence the risks of respiratory illness, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases of adulthood. Because many countries have a relatively low supply of foods rich in vitamin D and inadequate exposure to natural ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight, an important proportion of the global population is at risk of vitamin D deficiency. There is general agreement that the minimum serum/plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration (25(OH)D) that protects against vitamin D deficiency–related bone disease is approximately 30 nmol/L; therefore, this threshold is suitable to define vitamin D deficiency in population surveys. However, efforts to assess the vitamin D status of populations in low‐ and middle‐income countries have been hampered by limited availability of population‐representative 25(OH)D data, particularly among population subgroups most vulnerable to the skeletal and potential extraskeletal consequences of low vitamin D status, namely exclusively breastfed infants, children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly. In the absence of 25(OH)D data, identification of communities that would benefit from public health interventions to improve vitamin D status may require proxy indicators of the population risk of vitamin D deficiency, such as the prevalence of rickets or metrics of usual UVB exposure. If a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is identified (>20% prevalence of 25(OH)D < 30 nmol/L) or the risk for vitamin D deficiency is determined to be high based on proxy indicators (e.g., prevalence of rickets >1%), food fortification and/or targeted vitamin D supplementation policies can be implemented to reduce the burden of vitamin D deficiency–related conditions in vulnerable populations.
Delivering remote monitoring data to patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators: Does medium matter?
Authors: Mirro Michael , Daley Carly , Wagner Shauna , Rohani Ghahari Romisa , Drouin Michelle , Toscos Tammy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study presents findings on the impact of providing patients with their implantable device data on patients’ satisfaction, engagement, healthcare utilization, and provider's perceptions of this practice. Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) improves patient care through timely delivery of ICD data to the clinic. However, patients usually do not receive their ICD data. Providers are concerned that messaging patients with their device data could increase clinical workload.MethodsTo evaluate the impact of sharing ICD data summary through the patient portal, 128 patients were randomized into two groups. Group A and B received their data through the patient portal and postal mail, respectively. Data were collected through surveys and medical record reviews. Forty‐eight providers also completed a survey.ResultsAt the end of the study, at least two‐thirds of patients were satisfied with the amount of information received through the electronic or paper ICD data summary. Additionally, providing patients with their device data did not increase ICD‐specific clinical workload (e.g., calls or messages to provider). While providers did not foresee the provision of ICD data to patients as decreasing or improving clinical workload, they did see potential value in it for patients.ConclusionsProviding patients with their ICD data (through paper or electronic means) might have the potential to improve patient satisfaction and enhance shared‐decision making without adversely impacting clinical workload.
Development of simulation combining a physical heart model and three‐dimensional system for electrophysiology training
Authors: Rossi Luca , Penela Diego , Doni Lorenzo , Marazzi Raffaella , Napoli Velia , Napoli Leonardo , Vilotta Manola , Villani Giovanni Quinto , De Ponti Roberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA new three‐dimensional heart anatomical simulator (3D HAS) has been created combining a physical heart model with an electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system. The aim of this study is to describe the development and the validation process of this device.MethodsWe developed the 3D HAS combining a physical heart model with an EAM system. This simulator was then validated by 10 electrophysiologists, subdivided in two groups based on their experience in electrophysiology procedures. The performance of the experts was compared to the one of the novices in achieving three different tasks: fluoroless reconstruction of the right atrium, coronary sinus cannulation, and deployment of a linear ablation lesion in the cavotricuspid isthmus. For each operator, a score was calculated based on objective parameter for each task and for the overall performance.ResultsThe 3D HAS was located in an environment that allowed use of the main features of the EAM system including contact force sensing. No technical issue was encountered during the validation process. The experts’ performance was significantly better than the one of the novices both overall (P = 0.009) and in each task (right atrium reconstruction, P = 0.016; coronary sinus cannulation, P = 0.008; ablation lesion, P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe 3D HAS is reliable and allows use of the main features of an EAM system in the right atrium. The ability to discriminate different levels of experience suggests that this simulator is enough realistic and could be useful for electrophysiology training.
Photocatalytic Performance of H6P2W18O62/TiO2 Nanocomposite Encapsulated into Beta Zeolite under UV Irradiation in the Degradation of Methyl Orange
Authors: Moosavifar Maryam , Bagheri Samira 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, neat and supported H6P2W18O62 into nanocage of β‐zeolite were synthesized. However, H6P2W18O62 into nanocage of β‐zeolite was synthesized via template synthesis method. In addition, TiO2 was supported on H6P2W18O62/β zeolite by impregnation method. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, FESEM and EDS techniques. Also, W and Ti contents of the catalyst were determined by ICP and EDS technique. The results reveal that the photocatalyst performance depends on catalyst loading, pH effect, and methyl orange concentration. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange follows a pseudo‐first order kinetic. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) experimental proved mineralization of methyl orange. Another reason for degradation and mineralization of methyl orange is the absence of hydrazine at the end of reaction which is one of the photodecolorization products. The plausible mechanism for photodegradation of MO was proposed.
Shouldering the Weight of the State: Religious Zionist Citizenship, National Responsibility, and Jewish Conversion in Israel
Authors: Kravel‐Tovi Michal 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBased on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Jewish conversion agents and activists in Israel between 2004 and 2007, this article argues that state‐run Jewish conversion provides a constructive institutional arena for religious Zionists to rework their active citizenship, in both the Israeli state and the religious Zionism movement. To the extent that Israel offers a compelling case for understanding how and why the politics of religious conversion intersect with the legal and bureaucratic dynamics of the modern nation‐state, it also allows us to unpack the identity work of those who take it upon themselves to embody the morals and ambitions of the Jewish state. I draw on anthropological writing on the state and citizenship to argue that, by working institutionally on behalf of the state and investing itself in a goal assumed to secure its future, the religious Zionist community attempts to reaffirm the idea of “national responsibility” —a discursive construct that underwrites its interdependent relationship with the Israeli state. Such a reaffirmation is of particular importance in light of the volatile struggles it has had with and within the state over Israel's political and religious policies.
Characterization ofc-,L- andϕk-optimal Designs for a Class of Non-Linear Multiple-Regression Models
Authors: Schmidt Dennis 
Published: September 2018

SummaryOptimal designs for multiple-regression models are determined. We consider a general class of non-linear models including proportional hazards models with different censoring schemes, the Poisson and the negative binomial model. For these models we provide a complete characterization of c-optimal designs for all vectors c in the case of a single covariate. For multiple regression with an arbitrary number of covariates, c-optimal designs for certain vectors c are derived analytically. Using some general results on the structure of optimal designs for multiple regression, we determine L- and ϕk-optimal designs for models with an arbitrary number of covariates.
Origins and genesis of loess deposits in central Spain, as indicated by heavy mineral compositions and grain‐size variability
Authors: Wolf Daniel , Ryborz Karoline , Kolb Thomas , Calvo Zapata Ruben , Sanchez Vizcaino Jesús , Zöller Ludwig , Faust Dominik 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe formation of loess deposits strongly depends on the availability of deflatable dust‐sized material. Identification of source areas and mechanisms of dust production is essential for an appropriate characterization of related palaeoenvironmental conditions. So far, little research has been done on loess deposits in the Mediterranean region and information about mechanisms of dust production is very rare. In this context, it is not clear from where the loess deposits from the upper Tagus Basin in central Spain originated. The main objective of this study was to find out whether these loess deposits were formed primarily by mountain processes and fluvial comminution, or whether they have their origin in the weathering of Tertiary marls in the centre of the Madrid Basin. A further concern was to link the determined source areas with loess formation mechanisms and concomitant environmental contexts. Following a comprehensive approach using heavy minerals and grain‐size data, together with information on stratigraphic features and geomorphic positions, different local loess sources could be identified. This study shows that during the last 35 kyr a major proportion of the Tagus loess deposits was deflated from river floodplains, while the mountain region of the Iberian Range was identified as a significant source of respective floodplain sediments. Based on heavy mineral compositions and dating results, it was found that during Heinrich Stadial 3, sediment supply from the Iberian Range strongly increased, suggesting an environmental shift from initially warmer towards colder temperatures in late Marine Isotope Stage 3. Furthermore, it was found that grain‐size patterns clearly indicate maximum wind strengths during Heinrich Stadial 3, followed by Heinrich Stadial 2 and Heinrich Stadial 1. These results demonstrate that the formation of dust‐sized particles in this part of the Mediterranean operated similar to many other places in temperate and continental regions, and that weathering processes linked to hot and dry environments were only of minor importance.
Microbiota in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge with and without co‐substrates
Authors: Walter Andreas , Probst Maraike , Franke‐Whittle Ingrid H. , Ebner Christian , Podmirseg Sabine Marie , Etemadi‐Shalamzari Mohammad , Hupfauf Sebastian , Insam Heribert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, seven full‐scale anaerobic digesters, with or without co‐substrate regime, were analysed by physicochemical and molecular biological methods. A combination of robust community fingerprinting and Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed a core bacterial community dominated by Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, with variations in the profiles because of differences in the co‐substrate feeding regime. Despite these differences, physicochemical properties revealed a stable performance of all reactors, indicating a resilient bacterial microbiota in all full‐scale reactors. A rich bacterial core community ensured reactor functionality, whilst feeding regime and reactor type impacted the overall and the core bacterial diversity. Within the Archaea, Methanosaeta dominated in all reactors. Results indicated no relationship between archaeal community structure and the type of co‐substrate digested. Methanogens rely on the metabolic end products of bacterial activity and are thus less dependent on differences in the initial co‐substrate regime.
Optimal Design of Three-Dimensional Heat Flow Structures for Power Electronics Applications
Authors: Dede Ercan M. , Liu Yanghe , Joshi Shailesh N. , Zhou Feng , Lohan Danny J. , Shin Jong-Won 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesign optimization of a three-dimensional (3D) heat flow structure for power electronics gate drive circuit thermal management is described. Optimization methods are described in the creation of several structural concepts targeted toward simultaneous temperature reduction of multiple gate drive integrated circuit (IC) devices. Each heat flow path concept is intended for seamless integration based on power electronics packaging space constraints, while maintaining required electrical isolation. The design synthesis and fabrication of a select concept prototype is presented along with the development of an experimental test bench for thermal performance characterization. Experimental results indicate a significant 45 ∘C maximum temperature reduction for the gate drive IC devices in a laboratory environment, which translates to an estimated 41 °C maximum temperature reduction under high temperature (∼100 °C) ambient conditions. The technical approach and design strategy are applicable to future wide band-gap (WBG) electronics packaging applications, where enhanced 3D thermal routing is expected to be critical to maximizing volumetric power density.
Effective
Thermal Conductivity of Stainless Steel Fiber Sintered Felt With Honeycombed
Channels
Authors: Wan Zhenping , Wang Xiaowu , Zou Shuiping , Deng Jun 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
A novel stainless steel fiber sintered felt (SSFSF) with honeycombed channels (SSFSFHC) is a promising support for catalytic combustion of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The SSFSFHC consists of stainless steel fiber, three-dimensionally reticulated porous structures, and interconnected honeycombed channels. The equivalent thermal conductivity (ETC) of the SSFSFHC is tested. It is found that the ETC of the SSFSFHC increases with the hot side temperature increasing but decreases with the porosity increasing and channel occupied area ratio increasing. The ETC of the SSFSFHC changes little with channel diameter increasing. The heat transfer model of the SSFSFHC is considered as parallel/series combinations of relevant thermal resistances. In order to estimate the ETC of the SSFSFHC, the correlation of the ETC of the SSFSF is derived. The expressions of the axial temperature under different porosities are deduced when eliminating the radial heat transfer between the channel section and the SSFSF section. The relationships of the transferred heats and the corresponding resistances along the radial direction are obtained by assuming that the radial heat transfer can be simplified as a serial of heat resistances located between the channels and the SSFSF.
Evaluation of the nutrient content of yogurts: a comprehensive survey of yogurt products in the major UK supermarkets
Authors: Moore J Bernadette , Horti Annabelle , Fielding Barbara A 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo comprehensively survey the sugar and nutrient contents of yogurt products available in UK supermarkets, in particular those marketed to children.DesignA cross-sectional survey of yogurt products available in the UK’s supermarkets in November 2016.MethodsData were collected from five major online UK supermarkets and a process flow strategy was used to place yogurts into eight categories: children’s, dairy alternatives, dessert, drinks, fruit, flavoured, natural/Greek style and organic. A comprehensive database of product information for 921 unique products was created and analysed.ResultsThe total sugar, fat, protein, calcium and energy contents were highly variable across categories, and the ranges were extremely broad. Although lower than the dessert category, the medians (range) of the total sugar content of children’s (10.8 g/100 g (4.8–14.5)), fruit (11.9 g/100 g (4.6–21.3)), flavoured (12.0 g/100 g (0.1–18.8)) and organic (13.1 g/100 g (3.8–16.9)) yogurt products were all well above 10 g/100 g, and represented >45% of total energy. Only two out of 101 children’s yogurt and fromage frais products surveyed qualified as low sugar (≤5 g/100 g). Natural/Greek yogurts had dramatically lower sugar contents (5.0 g/100 g (1.6, 9.5), largely lactose) than all other categories. While low-fat (<3 g/100 g) products had less sugar and energy than higher fat yogurts, nonetheless 55% (285 of 518 low-fat yogurts) contained between 10 and 20 g sugar/100 g. Within the children’s category, fromage frais had higher protein (5.3 g/100 g (3.3, 8.6) vs 3.2 (2.8, 7.1); p<0.0001) and calcium contents (150 mg/100 g (90, 240) vs 130.5 mg/100 g (114, 258); p=0.0015) than yogurts.ConclusionsWhile there is good evidence that yogurt can be beneficial to health, products on the market vary widely in total sugars. Fewer than 9%, and only 2% of the children’s, products surveyed were low enough in sugar to earn ‘green’ in UK front of the pack labelling. Reformulation for the reduction of free sugars in yogurts is warranted.
Evidence-based patient/public voice: a patient and public involvement audit in the field of sexual health
Authors: Meyrick Jane , Gray Debra 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe National Health Institute constitution enshrines the central role of patient and public involvement (PPI) in order to place patients at the heart of the NHS. The sexual health field presents unique challenges for PPI in the tension between current PPI practice versus the need for confidentiality/feelings of shame/stigma. However, there is little evidence around the goals, evaluation measures or theoretical underpinnings of PPI.ObjectivesIn order to improve current PPI practice in the sexual health field, audits were carried out on PPI plans in both service and research sectors.Methods18 local sexual health service contacts completed the audit through snowballing. The tool was refined and five research projects completed the audit from the Health Protection Research Unit in BloodBorne and Sexually Transmitted Infections. Responses were collated and a thematic analysis by two independent researchers carried out. Common areas for improvement were identified.ResultsAudit tool responses evidenced wide variability in practice. Issues included conflation of PPI work and qualitative research; limited ‘patient satisfaction’ approaches; lack of PPI goals; methodological reliance on ‘visible’ methods such as focus groups; lack of responsiveness around patient needs and poor resourcing of PPI work. Research specific issues included ‘late’ PPI after key decisions had been made and poor lay summary validity.DiscussionTwo audits evidenced a range of areas for improvement of PPI practice in sexual health. Clear definition of ‘what PPI is for’ aligned with evaluation measures would begin to build an evidence base for the contribution of patient voice.
Epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrest in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2013–2015
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Paulo Marilia Silva , Dababneh Emad H , Loney Tom 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveEstimate the incidence and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in a tertiary-care hospital in Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates (UAE).MethodsRetrospective data from 685 inpatients who experienced an IHCA at a hospital in Abu Dhabi (UAE) between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015 were analysed. Sociodemographic variables were age and gender, and IHCA event variables were shift, day, event location, initial cardiac rhythm and the total number of IHCA events. Outcome variables were the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to discharge (StD).ResultsThe incidence of IHCA was 11.7 (95% CI 10.8 to 12.6) per 1000 hospital admissions. Non-shockable rhythms were 91.1% of the cardiac rhythms at presentation. The majority of IHCA cases occurred in the intensive care unit (46.1%) and on weekdays (74.6%). More than a third (38.3%) of patients who experienced an IHCA achieved ROSC and 7.7% StD. Both ROSC and StD were significantly higher in patients who were younger and presenting with a shockable rhythm (all p’s≤0.05). Survival outcomes were not significantly different between dayshifts and nightshifts or weekdays and weekends.ConclusionsThe incidence of IHCA was higher and its outcomes were lower compared with other high-income/developed countries. Survival outcomes were better for patients who were younger and had a shockable rhythm, and similar between time of day and days of the week. These findings may help to inform health managers about the magnitude and quality of IHCA care in the UAE.
Diagnostic accuracy and Bayesian analysis of new international ECG recommendations in paediatric athletes
Authors: McClean Gavin , Riding Nathan R , Pieles Guido , Watt Victoria , Adamuz Carmen , Sharma Sanjay , George Keith P , Oxborough David , Wilson Mathew G 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveHistorically, electrocardiographic (ECG) interpretation criteria for athletes were only applicable to adults. New international recommendations now account for athletes ≤16 years, but their clinical appropriateness is unknown. We sought to establish the diagnostic accuracy of new international ECG recommendations against the Seattle criteria and 2010 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommendations in paediatric athletes using receiver operator curve analysis. Clinical context was calculated using Bayesian analysis.Methods876 Arab and 428 black male paediatric athletes (11–18 years) were evaluated by medical questionnaire, physical examination, ECG and echocardiographic assessment. ECGs were retrospectively analysed according to the three criteria.ResultsThirteen (1.0%) athletes were diagnosed with cardiac pathology that may predispose to sudden cardiac arrest/death (SCA/D) (8 (0.9%) Arab and (5 (1.2%) black)). Diagnostic accuracy was poor (0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.82) for 2010 ESC recommendations, fair (0.70, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85) for Seattle criteria and fair (0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93) for international recommendations. False-positive rates were 41.0% for 2010 ESC recommendations, 21.8% for Seattle criteria and 6.8% for international recommendations. International recommendations provided a positive (+LR) and negative (−LR) post-test likelihood ratio of 9.0 (95% CI 5.1 to 13.1) and 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.7), respectively.ConclusionIn Arab and black male paediatric athletes, new international recommendations outperform both the Seattle criteria and 2010 ESC recommendations, reducing false positive rates, while yielding a ‘fair’ diagnostic accuracy for cardiac pathology that may predispose to SCA/D. In clinical context, the ‘chance’ of detecting cardiac pathology within a paediatric male athlete with a positive ECG (+LR=9.0) was 8.3%, whereas a negative ECG (−LR=0.4) was 0.4%.