bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omadacycline in the Treatment of Chlamydia psittaci Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study on Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Li Hangyang , Mao Xiaochun , Wu Zhenping , Yu Wenqiao 
Published: December 2024

Aims/Background Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that primarily infects birds, but can cause respiratory infections in humans. Clinical evidence supporting the use of omadacycline for the treatment of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia remains limited; therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of omadacycline in treating Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia by analyzing the patients’ clinical outcomes and the drug safety profile. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia treated at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine between January and December 2023. Following diagnosis with the aid of metagenomic next-generation sequencing, the patients received omadacycline for treatment, and their clinical outcomes and laboratory marker profiles were monitored to assess the treatment efficacy and safety. Results Significant improvements were observed in clinical symptoms and laboratory markers, including C-reactive protein (p < 0.001), procalcitonin (p = 0.001), neutrophil percentage (p < 0.001), and the SpO2/FiO2 ratio (p < 0.001), after treatment with omadacycline. A 100% cure rate was reported within 28 days of treatment initiation, with gastrointestinal disturbances being the most common side effect. Conclusion Omadacycline shows promise in treating Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and is well tolerated by the users. However, further controlled trials involving larger samples are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of the drug.
Dorsal cortex line is more reliable than transepicondylar axis for rotation in revision total knee arthroplasty with severe bone loss
Authors: Salzmann Mikhail , Kropp Ellen , Prill Robert , Ramadanov Nikolai , Adriani Marco , Becker Roland 
Published: December 2024

AimsThe transepicondylar axis is a well-established reference for the determination of femoral component rotation in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, when severe bone loss is present in the femoral condyles, rotational alignment can be more complicated. There is a lack of validated landmarks in the supracondylar region of the distal femur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA) and the suggested dorsal cortex line (DCL) in the coronal plane and the inter- and intraobserver reliability of its CT scan measurement.MethodsA total of 75 randomly selected CT scans were measured by three experienced surgeons independently. The DCL was defined in the coronal plane as a tangent to the dorsal femoral cortex located 75 mm above the joint line in the frontal plane. The difference between sTEA and DCL was calculated. Descriptive statistics and angulation correlations were generated for the sTEA and DCL, as well as for the distribution of measurement error for intra- and inter-rater reliability.ResultsThe external rotation of the DCL to the sTEA was a mean of 9.47° (SD 3.06°), and a median of 9.2° (IQR 7.45° to 11.60°), with a minimum value of 1.7° and maximum of 16.3°. The measurements of the DCL demonstrated very good to excellent test-retest and inter-rater reliability coefficients (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.80 to 0.99).ConclusionThis study reveals a correlation between the sTEA and the DCL. Overall, 10° of external rotation of the dorsal femoral cortical bone to the sTEA may serve as a reliable landmark for initial position of the femoral component. Surgeons should be aware that there are outliers in this study in up to 17% of the measurements, which potentially could result in deviations of femoral component rotation.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(12):1067–1071.
Innovative strategies and implementation science approaches for health delivery among migrants in humanitarian settings: A scoping review
Authors: Reynolds Christopher W. , Rha Jennifer Y. , Lenselink Allison M. , Asokumar Dhanya , Zebib Laura , Rana Gurpreet K. , Giacona Francesca L. , Islam Nowshin N. , Kannikeswaran Sanjana , Manuel Kara , Cheung Allison W. , Marzoughi Maedeh , Heisler Michele 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Over 100 million displaced people rely on health services in humanitarian contexts, defined as unstable or transitory settings created in response to complex emergencies. While services are often described, there is a dearth of evidence on best practices for successful implementation to guide efforts to optimize health delivery. Implementation science is a promising but underutilized tool to address this gap. This scoping review evaluates implementation science in health services for forced migrants in humanitarian settings.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review according to JBI methodologies. A search of eight databases yielded 7,795 articles, after removal of duplicates, that were screened using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Data extraction assessed study descriptors, implementation objects, barriers, facilitators, implementation strategies, and use of implementation frameworks in service delivery.

Results
Data from 116 studies represented 37 countries and 11 topic areas. Methods were mainly cross-sectional with low-medium evidence rigor. Mental health programs (25%) and vaccination services (16%) were the most common objects of implementation. Thirty-eight unique barriers were identified including resource limitations (30%), health worker shortages (24%), and security risks (24%). Among 29 facilitators, the most common were health worker availability (25%), pre-existing partnerships (25%), and positive perceptions towards the intervention (20%). More than 90% of studies collectively identified 35 implementation strategies, the most common being capacity building (44%), stakeholder engagement (35%), information dissemination (38%), and feedback mechanisms (25%). Only 10 studies used formal implementation models, with RE-AIM (n = 3) and Intervention mapping (n = 2) being most frequent.

Conclusions
In this scoping review, we found similar barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies across diverse humanitarian migrant settings and services. However, the use of rigorous methods and formal implementation models was rare. Frameworks included RE-AIM, CFIR, and Precede-Proceed. Increased use of implementation science frameworks and methods will help humanitarians more rigorously and systematically evaluate and develop best practices for implementation of health services for migrants in humanitarian settings.
Predictive model for converting optic neuritis to multiple sclerosis; decision tree in focus
Authors: Rasouli Saeid , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh , Ghazvini Azim , Azarbad Reza , Asani Mahdi , Mirzaasgari Zahra , Arish Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Background
Optic neuritis (ON) can be an initial clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis This study aims to provide a practical predictive model for identifying at-risk ON patients in developing MS.

Method
We utilized data from the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial study, which enrolled 457 patients aged from 18 to 46 years, all diagnosed with acute ON. These patients underwent up to 15 years of neurological and ophthalmologic examinations and imaging. The selection of variables for the developing model was based on clinical importance and statistical significance, and any missing values were appropriately addressed. We developed a Decision Tree (DT) classifier as the primary model and manually tuned its hyperparameters for optimal performance. We employed SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for feature importance evaluation. All analysis was performed using Python version 3.10.9 and its associated libraries.

Results
A total of 388 patients completed the study, of which 154 developed clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). It was observed that 61% of patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions developed CDMS. The final variables selected for analysis were MRI lesions, neurologic history, ON type, gender, and visual field mean deviation. The DT model achieved an accuracy of 70.1% during cross-validation and 69.1% on the test set, with an area under the curve of 74.9% and 71.7%, respectively. Comparative analysis of DT with other models showed similar performance. SHAP analysis revealed that MRI lesions and ON type emerged as the two most significant features, with relative importance of 61% and 18%, respectively.

Conclusion
The decision tree model, with satisfactory performance, effectively stratifies patients, based on baseline findings and offers valuable insights for informed decision-making by physicians.
Development and internal validation of time-to-event risk prediction models for major medical complications within 30 days after elective colectomy
Authors: Ke Janny X. C. , Jen Tim T. H. , Gao Sihaoyu , Ngo Long , Wu Lang , Flexman Alana M. , Schwarz Stephan K. W. , Brown Carl J. , Görges Matthias 
Published: December 2024

Background
Patients undergoing colectomy are at risk of numerous major complications. However, existing binary risk stratification models do not predict when a patient may be at highest risks of each complication. Accurate prediction of the timing of complications facilitates targeted, resource-efficient monitoring. We sought to develop and internally validate Cox proportional hazards models to predict time-to-complication of major complications within 30 days after elective colectomy.

Methods
We studied a retrospective cohort from the multicentered American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program procedure-targeted colectomy dataset. Patients aged 18 years or above, who underwent elective colectomy between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019 were included. A priori candidate predictors were selected based on variable availability, literature review, and multidisciplinary team consensus. Outcomes were mortality, hospital readmission, myocardial infarction, cerebral vascular events, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, acute renal failure, and sepsis or septic shock within 30 days after surgery.

Results
The cohort consisted of 132145 patients (mean ± SD age, 61 ± 15 years; 52% females). Complication rates ranged between 0.3% (n = 383) for cardiac arrest and acute renal failure to 5.3% (n = 6986) for bleeding requiring transfusion, with readmission rate of 8.6% (n = 11415). We observed distinct temporal patterns for each complication: the median [quartiles] postoperative day of complication diagnosis ranged from 1 [0, 2] days for bleeding requiring transfusion to 12 [6, 18] days for venous thromboembolism. Models for mortality, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, and renal failure showed good discrimination with a concordance > 0.8, while models for readmission, venous thromboembolism, and sepsis performed poorly with a concordance of 0.6 to 0.7. Models exhibited good calibration but ranges were limited to low probability areas.

Conclusions
We developed and internally validated time-to-event prediction models for complications after elective colectomy. Once further validated, the models can facilitate tailored monitoring of high risk patients during high risk periods.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05150548; Principal Investigator: Janny Xue Chen Ke, M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.; initial posting: November 25, 2021)
Exploring commercial sex work among transgender women in Nepal: Contributors and stigma—A mixed-method study
Authors: Pokharel Himani Shree , Myia Salau Din , Chalise Anisha , Paudel Shishir 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Transgender women are considered as one of the most vulnerable populations for commercial sex work and sexually transmitted infections. This mixed-method study aimed to explore the factors associated with commercial sex work among transgender women of Nepal along with their experience and the stigma associated with it.

Methods
A concurrent mixed-methods approach was employed in this cross-sectional study conducted from July to December 2022 in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal. A total of 152 transgender women participated in the quantitative survey, and 17 of them were selected for in-depth interviews (IDIs). The chi-square test was employed at a 5% level of significance to identify factors associated with commercial sex work. Qualitative data from the IDIs were thematically analyzed, with key themes emerging around reasons for engaging in sex work and the stigma associated with it including the Silence, Shame, and Dignity & Treatment domains under sex work stigma.

Results
Out of 152 transgender women, 104 (64%; 95% CI: 60.5–75.0%) were found to be currently working as a commercial sex worker. Factors such as education, household wealth, homelessness, history of sexual and verbal abuse, including rape and physical attacks, and socialization with others were found to have a statistically significant relation with commercial sex work at p<0.05. Despite engagement in commercial sex work, a higher proportion experienced sex work stigma under the Sex Work Stigma Scale.

Conclusion
The findings, derived from both quantitative and qualitative studies, emphasize the urgency of targeted interventions to alleviate the challenges faced by this marginalized population. The observed higher proportion of commercial sex work and sex work stigma underscores the pervasive social challenges of transgender women. A comprehensive and coordinated effort is essential, bringing together governmental, private sector, and public awareness initiatives to effectively manage stigma and address the underlying causes of commercial sex work.
Rosyjska straszna bajka. Potencjał krytyczny estetyki „posthorroru” grupy artystycznej Ic3peak
Authors: Jewdokimow Dorota 
Published: December 2024

The content of the article is an application and development of Yuri Lotman’s concepts of cultural emotions, in particular the semiotics of fear. The author assumes that fear as a cultural emotion is encoded, expressed and evoked by art using its own artistic tools. The aim of the article is to indicate how the mechanism of fear can be intercepted by art and incorporated into its subversive potential. The author does this by referring to the work of the Russian artistic group Ic3Peak, which consciously reaches for the aesthetics of “post-horror,” creating a coherent artistic message, as well as their artistic image. The text contains the theses that art mediates fear, depriving it of the real possibility of influence and control. At the same time, by virtue of the ambivalence of horror, which repels and attracts at the same time, mediation can paradoxically lead to the normalization of fear and its romanticization. The work of Ic3peak, apart from its critical function, creates a sense of community of experience, belonging to a larger whole that allows the fans to transcend the fear that paralyzes the individual.
Optimization analysis of carrier-track collision in braiding process
Authors: Lingling Yao , Wei Song , Wei Pan , Yapeng Lu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The relationship between the speed of the driver plate and the collision of the spindle and the track is studied in this work. It is theoretically analyzed that the spindle will collide with the track in different degrees in the process of motion, and the impact is more intense due to the vibration of the mechanism. First, the dynamic equation of the spindle-track model is established. Then, fireworks algorithm is used to optimize the speed of the driver plate, to reduce the collision and impact times of the spindle on the track, so as to reduce the severe collision times between the spindle and the track, resulting in the wear of mechanical parts and affecting the braiding effect. Finally, it is concluded that the number of collisions increases sharply with the increase in recovery coefficient when the random disturbance is not considered; second, the number of collisions decreases with the appropriate increase in friction coefficient when the random disturbance is not considered; and third, the number of collisions increases sharply with the increase in random disturbance.
Iwip endomorphisms of free groups and fixed points of graph selfmaps
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Qiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In a paper from 2011, Jiang, Wang and Zhang studied the fixed points and fixed subgroups of selfmaps on a connected finite graph or a connected compact hyperbolic surface 𝑋.
In particular, for any selfmap

f
:

X
→
X

f\colon X\to X

, they proved that a certain quantity defined in terms of the characteristic

chr
⁡

(
f
,
F
)

\operatorname{chr}(f,\mathbf{F})

and the index

ind
⁡

(
f
,
F
)

\operatorname{ind}(f,\mathbf{F})

of a fixed point class 𝐅 of 𝑓 is bounded below by

2
⁢
χ
⁢

(
X
)

2\chi(X)

, where

χ
⁢

(
X
)

\chi(X)

is the Euler characteristic of 𝑋.
In this paper, we give a sufficient condition for when equality holds and hence we partially answer a question of Jiang.
We do this by studying iwip outer endomorphisms of free groups acting on stable trees.
The association among fetal head position, fetal head rotation and descent during the progress of labor: a clinical study of an ultrasound-based longitudinal cohort study in nulliparous women
Authors: Fang Jing , Wang Wenwen , Liu Mo , Gu Ning , Dai Yimin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To elucidate the effects of the timing of fetal head rotation on the labor progress and outcomes.

Methods
A paired ultrasound measurement was performed at each of the three stages of labor: latency stage, active stage, and full-cervical-dilatation stage. The measurements included fetal head position, head-perineum distance (HPD) and the angle of progression (AOP).

Results
A total of 46 pregnancy women were included and a total of 102 effective measurements were collected. The cases in occipital anterior position were all eutocia. The rate of cesarean section in the left transverse occipital group was the highest (15.7 %, 3/19). There were 13 cases (37.1 %) with fetal head rotation occur during active phase, changing from occipital transverse to anterior. Ten cases (28.6 %) rotated in the second stage of labor. The average rotation degree of occipital transverse to anterior position was 62.6°. When AoP <95°, 100 % of the women were occipital transverse; When AoP ≥125°, 66.7 % was occipital anterior. The rate of oxytocin utilization and epidural analgesia in the occipital posterior group was higher than that in the other groups (71.4 and 85.7 %, respectively).

Conclusions
Occipital transverse is the most common fetal head position in the early stage of labor and fetal head rotation occurs mostly in the active phase and the second stage of labor. Sufficient time should be given in labor management for women that who tried vaginal delivery without contraindications.
Effects of encapsulation and combining probiotics with different nitrate forms on methane emission and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics
Authors: Abdelbagi Mohammed , Ridwan Roni , Fidriyanto Rusli , Nayohan Sandi , Nahrowi Nahrowi , Jayanegara Anuraga 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of encapsulation and combining probiotics with different nitrate forms on methane emission and the in vitro fermentation process of ruminants. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and nitric acid (HNO3) were used as nitrate forms, while lactic acid bacteria Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TSD-10 was used as a probiotic source. Twelve different treatments with four replicates were allocated in the factorial block design (2 × 2 × 3). During each replicate, the test was conducted individually in a different week so that each block could be considered separately. Data analysis followed the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then continued with the Duncan multiple range test. After encapsulation, significant increases (p < 0.05) in gas production, gas kinetics, total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), and production of propionic acid were observed. In addition, encapsulation significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), nutrient digestibility, and the ratio of acetic to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The addition of combined encapsulated probiotics and encapsulated nitrate significantly increased (p < 0.05) gas production, maximum gas production, TVFAs, and the molar portion of propionic acid, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) enteric methane emission, acetic acid, ammonia concentration, pH, and nutrient digestibility. The addition of sodium nitrate significantly increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of TVFAs and acetic acid, while nitric acid significantly increased (p < 0.05) the gas production rate. However, there was no significant effect due to combining unencapsulated probiotics with unencapsulated nitrate forms on the rumen fermentation process. There was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between encapsulation probiotics and nitrate on ammonia concentration. In conclusion, combining encapsulated probiotics with encapsulated nitrate is an alternative method for enhancing the fermentation process and mitigating enteric methane emission in ruminants.
A representação de Getúlio Vargas no jornal A Federação durante os anos de 1936 e 1937
Authors: Batista da Silva Yuri 
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo busca compreender de que maneira o jornal A Federação representou o presidente Getúlio Vargas durante os anos de 1936 e 1937. O recorte temporal escolhido justifica-se por serem os anos de maior intensidade da disputa entre o Executivo estadual rio-grandense, a quem o referido jornal estava submetido, e o Executivo Nacional ocupado por Getúlio Vargas. Optou-se por dividir o artigo em quatro partes: na introdução, buscaremos apresentar o referencial teórico adotado neste trabalho; na sequência, traçaremos o histórico do jornal A Federação e como este se inseria no contexto histórico dos anos de 1930; na terceira parte analisaremos as fontes primarias e buscaremos responder as questões que norteiam este trabalho; e, por fim, faremos as conclusões finais.Palavras-chave: Representação; Getúlio Vargas; A Federação. AbstractThis article seeks to understand how the newspaper A Federação represented the President Getúlio Vargas during the years 1936 and 1937. The chosen time frame is justified because it is the most intense years of dispute between the Rio Grande do Sul State Executive, to whom the newspaper was submitted to, and the National Executive occupied by Getúlio Vargas. We chose to divide the article into four parts: in the introduction, we will try to present the theoretical framework adopted in this work; next, we will trace the history of the newspaper A Federação and how it was inserted in the historical context of the 1930s; in the third part, we will analyze the primary sources and seek to answer the questions that guide this work; and, finally, we will present our conclusions.Keywords: Representation; Getúlio Vargas; A Federação.