bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Frequency Response Analysis for in-service power transformers
Authors: Anh Khoi Pham Dinh 
Published: September 2018

CIGRE, IEC and IEEE have recently approved the technique of Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) as an application tool for diagnosis of mechanical failures in power transformer’s active part, i.e., windings, leads and the core. The diagnosis is based on the discrepancy between frequency responses measured on power transformers mainly at different time points. In Vietnam, utilities such as Power Transmission Companies and Power Corporations are investigating this technique for application on their power transformers.
Mechanical failures in power transformers cause changes on measured frequency responses starting from a medium frequency range, from several hundreds of Hz or tens of kHz depending on transformer/winding type and power. For a reliable diagnosis, the understanding of transformer/winding structure on measured frequency responses is of importance; thus, the international standards suggested the simulation approach with physical distributed transformer circuits should be exploited.
The development of physical distributed circuits of power transformers normally needs availability of internal transformer structure and material properties for an analytical approach. However, for in-service power transformers, this task is challenging since the required data are not available.
For a feasible application of the simulation based FRA interpretation, this paper introduces an investigation on the development of a distributed equivalent circuit of an in-service 6.5 MVA 47/27.2 kV Yd5 power transformer. The result of this investigation is a feasible approach in determining electrical parameters in a physical distributed circuit, which supports analysis of frequency responses measured at transformer terminals for real application on in-service power transformers of utilities.
Adolescent Girls with Pure Gonadal Dysgenesis: A Rare Disease
Authors: Saha Joysree , Begum Kohinoor , Khanom Kamil Ara , Prasad Indrajit , Akter Sumaya 
Published: September 2018

Gonadal dysgenesis is a rare cause of primary amenorrhoea ,which is a relatively common problem among teenage girls.Primary amenorrhoea occurs in patient with gonadal dysgenesis because of absence or limited ovarian function due to inappropriate development.Streak gonads are unable to produce estrogens and/or androgens,resulting in minimal to no development of secondary sexual characteristics.Adrenal androgens may induce production of pubic hair,but patient will have minimal breast development.These patients may have a family history of infertility, short stature,sensorineural deafness,ataxia,mild mental retardation or gonadoblastoma. Here two cases of primary amenorrhoea due to pure gonadal dysgenesis are presented. 1 st one was a 18yr old girl whose mother consulted with a gynaecologist at the age of 16yr because of her worries about absence of menarche of her daughter and secondone was a 14yr old girl whose mother consulted with a gynaecologist at the age of 16yr because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics as well as menarche of her daughter. In both cases, blood test showed very high levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH), low levels of oestradiol& very low level of AMH. USG findings of both cases showed a bit hypoplastic uterus and volume of ovaries were smaller than normal. A diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy of both gonads of one case was performed.Another case did not give consent for laparoscopy.Hormonal replacement therapy was applied on them for establishment of normal menstruation and menstruation was established in both cases. An early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent long term consequences of Gonadal dysgenesis.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2018; 36(4): 170-174
Color Classification of Extrasolar Giant Planets: Prospects and Cautions
Authors: Batalha Natasha E. , Smith Adam J. R. W. , Lewis Nikole K. , Marley Mark S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Macintosh Bruce 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets has thus far been limited to ground-based observations of young, self-luminous, Jovian planets. Near-term space- and ground- based facilities like WFIRST and ELTs will be able to directly image mature Jovian planets in reflected light, a critical step in support of future facilities that aim to directly image terrestrial planets in reflected light (e.g., HabEx, LUVOIR). These future facilities are considering the use of photometry to classify planets. Here, we investigate the intricacies of using colors to classify gas-giant planets by analyzing a grid of 9120 theoretical reflected light spectra spread across different metallicities, pressure–temperature profiles, cloud properties, and phase angles. We determine how correlated these planet parameters are with the colors in the WFIRST photometric bins and other photometric bins proposed in the literature. Then we outline under what conditions giant planet populations can be classified using several supervised multivariate classification algorithms. We find that giant planets imaged in reflected light can be classified by metallicity with an accuracy of >90% if they are a prior known to not have significant cloud coverage in the visible part of the atmosphere, and at least three filter observations are available. If the presence of clouds is not known a priori, directly imaged planets can be more accurately classified by their cloud properties, as oppposed to metallicity or temperature. Furthermore, we are able to distinguish between cloudy and cloud-free populations with >90% accuracy with three filter observations. Our statistical pipeline is available on GitHub and can be extended to optimize science yield of future mission concepts.
The Influence of Planet Nine on the Orbits of Distant TNOs: The Case for a Low-perihelion Planet
Authors: Cáceres Jessica , Gomes Rodney 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The hypothesis of an additional planet in the outer solar system has gained new support as a result of the confinement noted in the angular orbital elements of distant trans-Neptunian objects. Orbital parameters proposed for the external perturber suggest semimajor axes between 500 and 1000 au, perihelion distances between 200 and 400 au for masses between 10 and 20 M
⊕. In this paper, we study the possibility that lower perihelion distances for the additional planet can lead to angular confinements as observed in the population of objects with semimajor axes greater than 250 au and perihelion distances higher than 40 au. We performed numerical integrations of a set of particles subjected to the influence of the Sun, the known giant planets, and the putative perturber during the age of the solar system and compared our outputs with the observed population through a statistical analysis. Our investigations showed that lower perihelion distances from the outer planet usually lead to more substantial confinements than higher ones, while retaining the Classical Kuiper Belt as well as the ratio of the number of detached with perihelion distances higher than 42 au to scattering objects in the range of semimajor axes from 100 to 200 au.
Commander la guerre depuis Washington D.C. Les évolutions organiques du « National Defense Establishment » à partir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: David François 
Published: September 2018

Aux États-Unis, l’édification d’un appareil de défense unifié a nécessité beaucoup de patience et d’allers et retours législatifs depuis 1947, année de la loi de sécurité nationale au statut quasi-constitutionnel. Malgré la guerre froide, néanmoins, les particularismes de chaque armée persistent à se concurrencer tandis que, inversement, la création d’un « secrétaire à », et d’un « département de » la Défense uniques instaure un début d’homogénéisation. On attendra toutefois 1986 et la loi Goldwater-Nichols pour atteindre un équilibre organisationnel, durable et cohérent : la vraie interarmisation s’opère au niveau des commandants en chef des théâtres d’opération ( Unified Combatant Commands ) tandis que les Joint Chiefs of Staff planifient la stratégie sans prérogative de commandement.
La guerre américaine au Cambodge, 1969-1975
Authors: Coppolani Antoine 
Published: September 2018

Entre 1969 et 1975, la guerre américaine au Cambodge n’eut rien d’un corollaire de second plan à la guerre du Vietnam. Bien au contraire, au fil des années, le pays khmer devint le point focal de la guerre en Indochine, puis de la Guerre froide. Depuis cette époque et la victoire des Khmers rouges qui en fut le point d’orgue, plusieurs questions ont fait débat. S’appuyant sur les archives désormais disponibles et prenant en compte près de quarante années de recherches d’auteurs variés, cet article s’efforce de dissiper certains mythes sur la guerre américaine au Cambodge.
Une approche nouvelle des modes d’extraction et des traces d’outil
Authors: Blondeau Céline 
Published: September 2018

La découverte d’une carrière de pierre à ciel ouvert du premier Moyen Âge, exceptionnellement bien conservée, a permis de mettre en place une technique de relevé à échelle un des traces d’outil présentes sur les parois calcaires de cette carrière. Les outils utilisés et les gestes techniques précis d’extraction de la pierre ont pu être déterminés grâce à une grille d’analyse établie à partir des traces d’outil et après expérimentation. L’utilisation du marteau taillant a ainsi été démontrée pour la première fois pour l’extraction de la pierre. Cet outil impose un mode d’extraction original : tranchées verticales à profil en V, produisant des blocs caractéristiques de profil et de plan trapézoïdaux.
Le village de Noli en Ligurie occidentale entre l’Antiquité tardive et le haut Moyen Âge
Authors: de Vingo Paolo 
Published: September 2018

Le site de Noli, en Ligurie occidentale, connu pour les enquêtes archéologiques autour de l’église de San Paragorio commencées au xixe siècle, a fait l’objet, entre 2004 et 2007, de nouvelles campagnes de fouilles. Dans deux zones différentes, les interventions ont confirmé les antécédents romains du village du haut Moyen Âge et démontré l’existence d’un habitat qui, datant de la Rome républicaine, se prolonge jusqu’au xe siècle. Ce texte examine les modalités de formation d’un habitat romain et sa transformation en un village du haut Moyen Âge, où coexistent zones résidentielles et zones artisanales.
Rythmes et pratiques de la métallurgie du fer aux xive et xve siècles : les « bloomeries » de Tudeley (Kent) et de Byrkeknott (comté de Durham)
Authors: Arribet-Deroin Danielle 
Published: September 2018

Les comptabilités des forges anglaises de Tudeley (1329-1354) et de Byrkeknott (1408-1409) donnent des renseignements très concrets sur le fonctionnement des forges à la fin du Moyen Âge. On connaît la composition des ateliers et les opérations qui y sont conduites : grillage et réduction à Tudeley, réduction et épuration à Byrkeknott où l’énergie hydraulique est utilisée, sans doute pour actionner la soufflerie du bas fourneau. Les forges produisent des loupes selon un rythme intensif de cinq à six par semaine, mais à Tudeley le nombre de semaines travaillées d’une année à l’autre est très irrégulier. Des calculs de consommation et de production sont proposés, le travail des forgerons et leur rémunération décrites, de même que la construction et la mise en route de la forge de Byrkeknott. Ces documents permettent de comparer forge manuelle et forge hydraulique et alimentent le dialogue avec l’archéologie de terrain et l’expérimentation.
Neutrophil Vaccination Dynamics and Their Capacity To Mediate B Cell Help in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Musich Thomas , Rahman Mohammad Arif , Mohanram Venkatramanan , Miller-Novak Leia , Demberg Thorsten , Venzon David J. , Felber Barbara K. , Franchini Genoveffa , Pavlakis George N. , Robert-Guroff Marjorie 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte and play a critical role in the initial response to an Ag. Recently, their ability to contribute to adaptive immunity has been highlighted. We evaluated the ability of neutrophils from blood to contribute to the adaptive immune response in a preclinical rhesus macaque SIV vaccine trial. Replication-competent adenovirus-SIV recombinants induced neutrophil activation, B cell help markers, and enhanced ability to generate reactive oxygen species. Boosting with SIV vaccines (adjuvant together with ALVAC or DNA plus envelope protein) elicited significant neutrophil responses. Serum cytokine and chemokine levels induced correlated with the frequency of neutrophil subsets expressing IL-21, myeloperoxidase, and CD64. Post–SIV infection, neutrophils exhibited dysfunction, both phenotypically and functionally. B cells from protected and infected macaques cocultured with autologous polymorphonuclear cells, consisting primarily of neutrophils, were activated, underwent class switching, and produced Abs. This B cell help was not aided by addition of IL-10 and was largely contact dependent. Numerous genes associated with inflammation, Ab production, and chemotaxis were upregulated in the cocultured B cells. We conclude that immune stimulation by vaccination or antigenic exposure imparts a greater ability of neutrophils to contribute to the adaptive immune response. Harnessing this granulocytic response has the potential to improve vaccine efficacy.
Observed Antibody Space: A Resource for Data Mining Next-Generation Sequencing of Antibody Repertoires
Authors: Kovaltsuk Aleksandr , Leem Jinwoo , Kelm Sebastian , Snowden James , Deane Charlotte M. , Krawczyk Konrad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbs are immune system proteins that recognize noxious molecules for elimination. Their sequence diversity and binding versatility have made Abs the primary class of biopharmaceuticals. Recently, it has become possible to query their immense natural diversity using next-generation sequencing of Ig gene repertoires (Ig-seq). However, Ig-seq outputs are currently fragmented across repositories and tend to be presented as raw nucleotide reads, which means nontrivial effort is required to reuse the data for analysis. To address this issue, we have collected Ig-seq outputs from 55 studies, covering more than half a billion Ab sequences across diverse immune states, organisms (primarily human and mouse), and individuals. We have sorted, cleaned, annotated, translated, and numbered these sequences and make the data available via our Observed Antibody Space (OAS) resource at http://antibodymap.org. The data within OAS will be regularly updated with newly released Ig-seq datasets. We believe OAS will facilitate data mining of immune repertoires for improved understanding of the immune system and development of better biotherapeutics.
An Inquiry Into the Early Careers of Master Clinicians
Authors: Murthy Vivek K. , O'Brien Bridget , Dhaliwal Gurpreet 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Residents and fellows often seek to emulate master clinician role models; however, the activities these expert clinical faculty pursued early in their careers are not known.

Objective
We studied the early career clinical experiences and learning behaviors of peer-defined master academic clinicians.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, qualitative interview study of 17 members of the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine Council of Master Clinicians. Between March 1 and May 31, 2016, we interviewed participants using a semistructured interview guide surveying their early career clinical experiences and learning habits. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. We used a general inductive approach to code transcripts and to identify consistent themes.

Results
Of the 28 council members invited to participate, 17 (61%) responded and were interviewed. Participants included 12 men and 5 women, with an average of 27 years in clinical practice (range, 13–50 years). Six participants were general internists, and 11 were internal medicine subspecialists. Based on thematic analysis of interview transcripts, 4 themes of clinical development emerged: (1) consistent learning efforts; (2) rigorous skill development; (3) cultivating habits of mind; and (4) clinically rich environments.

Conclusions
Our study describes the early career experiences and learning behaviors of master clinicians. We aggregated key dimensions of the findings into a guide for residents, fellows, and junior clinicians interested in the pursuit of clinical excellence.
Training Toward a Movement: Career Development Insights From the First 7 Years of a Global Health Equity Residency
Authors: Palazuelos Daniel , Dhillon Ranu , Nelson Adrianne Katrina , Savage Kevin P. , Conover Rosabelle , Katz Joel T. , Rhatigan Joseph J. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
The Doris and Howard Hiatt Residency in Global Health Equity and Internal Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital provides global health training during residency, but little is known about its effect on participants' selection of a global health career.

Objective
We assessed the perceptions of residency graduates from the first 7 classes to better understand the outcomes of this education program, and the challenges faced by participants.

Methods
We interviewed 27 of 31 physicians (87%) who graduated from the program between 2003 and 2013 using a convergent mixed-methods design and a structured interview tool that included both open-ended and forced-choice questions. We independently coded and analyzed qualitative data using a case study design, and then wove together the qualitative and quantitative data at the interpretation phase using a parallel convergent mixed-methods design.

Results
Entering a career focused on social justice was cited as the most common motivator for selecting to train in global health. Most respondents (83%, 20 of 24) reported they were able to achieve this goal despite structural barriers, such as lower salaries compared with peers, a lack of mentors in the field, poorly structured and undersupported career pathways at their institutions, and unique work-life challenges.

Conclusions
A majority of graduates from 1 dedicated residency program in global health and internal medicine reported they were able to continue to engage in global health activities after graduation and, despite identified challenges, reported that they planned long-term careers in global health.
Using Future Employers' Expectations to Inform Global Health Fellowship Curricula
Authors: Brown Heather A. , Mulherin Patrick , Ferrara William C. , Humphrey Mark E. , Vera Alexander , Hall Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Fellowships in global health are increasingly popular and seek to equip physicians with the skills necessary to be effective global health practitioners. Little objective guidance exists on which skills make graduates competitive applicants from the perspective of potential global health employers.

Objective
We sought to provide objective evidence for the qualifications that make applicants competitive for global health positions by analyzing the listed qualifications for current job openings in large global health organizations.

Methods
The websites of 48 global health employers were systematically searched for current job postings between May and August 2017. Jobs were included for analysis if a medical degree was listed among the primary degrees accepted, and the job was based primarily in a low- or middle-income country.

Results
A total of 5849 employment opportunities were posted during the search period, and 81 (1.4%) of these met inclusion criteria. Twenty-two (27%) jobs required and 35 (43%) preferred a relevant master's degree. Few jobs requested a candidate with a PhD and none mentioned tropical medicine training as a requirement or preference. Twenty-three jobs (28%) required and 19 (23%) preferred candidates to speak another language. Most jobs (69%, 56 of 81) required more than 5 years of relevant experience. Only 11 (13%) jobs were primarily clinical positions.

Conclusions
For physicians pursuing a career in global health, most publicly searchable jobs require substantial previous experience and involvement in global health activities beyond clinical practice. Master's degree and language skills are frequently requested candidate qualifications.
On estimating the gross primary productivity of Mediterranean grasslands under different fertilization regimes using vegetation indices and hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Cerasoli Sofia , Campagnolo Manuel , Faria Joana , Nogueira Carla , Caldeira Maria da Conceição 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. We applied an empirical modelling approach for gross
primary productivity (GPP) estimation from hyperspectral reflectance of
Mediterranean grasslands undergoing different fertilization treatments. The
objective of the study was to identify combinations of vegetation indices
and bands that best represent GPP changes between the annual peak of growth
and senescence dry out in Mediterranean grasslands. In situ hyperspectral reflectance of vegetation and CO2 gas exchange
measurements were measured concurrently in unfertilized (C) and fertilized plots
with added nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) or the combination of N, P and
potassium (NPK). Reflectance values were aggregated according to their
similarity (r≥90 %) in 26 continuous wavelength intervals (Hyp). In
addition, the same reflectance values were resampled by reproducing the
spectral bands of both the Sentinel-2A Multispectral Instrument (S2) and Landsat
8 Operational Land Imager (L8) and simulating the signal that would be captured in
ideal conditions by either Sentinel-2A or Landsat 8. An optimal procedure for selection of the best subset of predictor variables
(LEAPS) was applied to identify the most effective set of vegetation indices
or spectral bands for GPP estimation using Hyp, S2 or L8. LEAPS selected
vegetation indices according to their explanatory power, showing their
importance as indicators of the dynamic changes occurring in community
vegetation properties such as canopy water content (NDWI) or chlorophyll
and carotenoids ∕ chlorophyll ratio (MTCI, PSRI, GNDVI) and revealing their
usefulness for grasslands GPP estimates. For Hyp and S2, bands performed as well as vegetation indices to estimate
GPP. To identify spectral bands with a potential for improving GPP estimates based on vegetation
indices, we applied a two-step procedure which clearly
indicated the short-wave infrared region of the spectra as the most relevant
for this purpose. A comparison between S2- and L8-based models showed similar
explanatory powers for the two simulated satellite sensors when both
vegetation indices and bands were included in the model. Altogether, our results describe the potential of sensors on board
Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 satellites for monitoring grassland phenology and
improving GPP estimates in support of a sustainable agriculture management.