bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in United States High School Football (2005–2006 Through 2013–2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Football (2004–2005 Through 2013–2014)
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Wilkerson Gary B. , Caswell Shane V. , Currie Dustin W. , Pierpoint Lauren A. , Wasserman Erin B. , Knowles Sarah B. , Dompier Thomas P. , Comstock R. Dawn , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: August 2018

Context: The advent of Web-based sports injury surveillance via programs such as the High School Reporting Information Online system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program has aided the acquisition of football injury data.Objective: To describe the epidemiology of injuries sustained in high school football in the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years and collegiate football in the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years using Web-based sports injury surveillance.Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.Setting: Online injury surveillance from football teams of high school boys (annual average = 100) and collegiate men (annual average = 43).Patients or Other Participants: Football players who participated in practices and competitions during the 2005–2006 through 2013–2014 academic years in high school or the 2004–2005 through 2013–2014 academic years in college.Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletic trainers collected time-loss injury (≥24 hours) and exposure data. Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and injury proportions by body site and diagnosis were calculated.Results: The High School Reporting Information Online system documented 18 189 time-loss injuries during 4 539 636 AEs; the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program documented 22 766 time-loss injuries during 3 121  476 AEs. The injury rate was higher among collegiate than high school (7.29 versus 4.01/1000 AEs; IRR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.79, 1.86) athletes. Most injuries occurred during competitions in high school (53.2%) and practices in college (60.9%). The competition injury rate was higher than the practice injury rate among both high school (IRR = 5.62; 95% CI = 5.46, 5.78) and collegiate (IRR = 6.59; 95% CI = 6.41, 6.76) players. Most injuries at both levels affected the lower extremity and the shoulder/clavicle and were diagnosed as ligament sprains and muscle/tendon strains. However, concussion was a common injury during competitions among most positions.Conclusions: Injury rates were higher in college than in high school and higher for competitions than for practices. Concussion was a frequent injury sustained during competitions, which confirms the need to develop interventions to mitigate its incidence and severity.
New record of Monsonia herrei for Namibia
Authors: Nanyeni Leevi , Nzuma Tendai M. 
Published: August 2018

Background: The southern part of Namibia’s terrain is highly inaccessible making it difficult to explore. Expeditions into difficult terrain can result in new biological discoveries for Namibia. Monsonia herrei has been recorded for South Africa, but has not previously been recorded for Namibia.Objectives: As part of updating the biodiversity records of Namibia, we report the occurrence of a species not previously recorded for the Namibian flora.Method: A botanical field trip was undertaken in September 2014 to the far south of Namibia in the Aussenkehr region along the Orange River. Plant identification was carried out based on herbarium vouchers, observation and photographic records. One collection constituted a new record of the species for Namibia. A voucher specimen of this new record was collected and deposited at the National Botanical Research Institute Herbarium (WIND). Plant identification was confirmed by experts on plants from the region.Results: One species not previously recorded for Namibia, namely Monsonia herrei (L. Bolus) F. Albers, was found during the exploration of the Aussenkehr area.Conclusions: This new record for Namibia confirms the need to update the inventory of the flora of Namibia.
Eye state classification from electroencephalography recordings using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Piatek Łukasz , Fiedler Patrique , Haueisen Jens 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives:
Current developments in electroencephalography (EEG) foster medical and nonmedical applications outside the hospitals. For example, continuous monitoring of mental and cognitive states can contribute to avoid critical and potentially dangerous situations in daily life. An important prerequisite for successful EEG at home is a real-time classification of mental states. In this article, we compare different machine learning algorithms for the classification of eye states based on EEG recordings.

Materials and Methods:
We tested 23 machine learning algorithms from the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis toolkit. Each classifier was analyzed on four different datasets, since two separate approaches - called sample-wise and segment-wise - in combination with raw and filtered data were applied. These datasets were recorded for 27 volunteers. The different approaches are compared in terms of accuracy, complexity, training time, and classification time.

Results:
Ten out of 23 classifiers fulfilled the determined requirements of high classification accuracy and short time of classification and can be denoted as applicable for real-time EEG eye state classification.

Conclusions:
We found that it is possible to predict eye states using EEG recordings with an accuracy from about 96% to over 99% in a real-time system. On the other hand, we found no best, universal method of classifying EEG eye states in all volunteers. Therefore, we conclude that the best algorithm should be chosen individually, using the optimal classification accuracy in combination with time of classification as the criterion.
La utilización de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en la consolidación de las trayectorias afectivo-sexuales de los jóvenes homosexuales y bisexuales colombianos residentes en España
Authors: Restrepo Pineda Jair Eduardo 
Published: August 2018

El objetivo del articulo es evidenciar el papel que cumplen las TIC`s dentro de las trayectorias afectivo-sexuales de los jóvenes colombianos residentes en España y cómo dichas herramientas mejoran la integración de los migrantes en la sociedad de acogida. Fue realizado a través de entrevistas en profundidad a veintiséis jóvenes entre los dieciocho y veintiocho años de edad. Se evidenció que la utilización de las TIC’s en este segmento de la población resulta ser continuo, además de ser el medio más eficiente y eficaz para la transmisión de información útil para mejorar la calidad de vida de los jóvenes. Poniendo de manifiesto el potencial que tienen estos medios para desarrollar programas de promoción y prevención en salud sexual y reproductiva para los jóvenes.
A DETERMINAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA DE FALSO COMO GESTO DE DÚVIDA (MODALIDADE) E DE BLOQUEIO (ALTERIDADE) NO ACONTECIMENTO ENUNCIATIVO
Authors: DALLA PRIA Albano , KARIM Taisir Mahmudo 
Published: August 2018

Na formalização dos seus raciocínios, a lógica não leva em conta a especificidade das línguas naturais. Aplicados à descrição de certas expressões das línguas, tais como ‘atestado de óbito falso’, os raciocínios da lógica são colocados em xeque. É implícito dos raciocínios lógicos o conceito aristotélico de “classe” ou de espaço fechado, ou se está dentro ou se está fora do espaço. Esse raciocínio, que presume a significação construída, impede a observação do termo atestado de óbito como um gesto de construção de significação. Através do método que é próprio das línguas naturais, delineado pela Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas (CULIOLI, 1990, 1999a, 1999b), porque articula o material verbal (as línguas), teorizado como agenciamento de marcadores de operações da linguagem, com a prática do seu manuseio (atividade de linguagem) dentro de um espaço topológico ou de uma topologia de domínio aberto, propusemos apreender a contribuição de FALSO para o gesto de construção de atestado de óbito. Por fim, concluímos que FALSO é marca da dúvida (modalidade) e do bloqueio (alteridade) à construção do termo atestado de óbito.
Development of a Standard Curve to Account for Viable Loads of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 Using RNA by Real-Time PCR
Authors: Ali Md. A , Hui Wang , Lin Guangen , Dang Fang F , Wu Shuang , Man Chaoxin , Jiang Yujun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 is widely used as a probiotic in various dairy preparations. To ensure optimal health benefits, an adequate number of probiotics should be viable in products, but the culture-based methods require longer periods to account for the strain. Objective: Develop a standard curve to account viable loadof B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by real-time PCR. Methods: The growth curve was developed accordingto plate count method, and cycle threshold (CT) curve was prepared using CT values. These two curves were then combined to construct the standard curve. To validate the method, the strain was proliferated in whole milk, and viable loads were enumerated by plate counting and relativePCR counting followed by determining the SEM betweenthe two counts. Results: The growth curve and CT curve, respectively, showed the highest viable load (2.13 × 108 CFU/mL) and lowest CT value (18.29) after 18 h, and during the entire growth phase (0–18 h), viable loads are inversely proportional to the CT values. The standard curverevealed the model y = 2E + 18e−1.233x (y = cells/mL, x = CT value; R2 = 0.992). In validation, the highest SEM (± 0.70 × 108) was found between the plate count (1.15 × 108 cells/mL) and relative PCR count (1.29 × 108 cells/mL) after cultivating for 14 h. Conclusions: The method could be readilyused in dairy industries to quantify viable B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by a shorter period. Highlights: Culture-independent enumeration of viable B. animalis subsp. lactis HN019 by real-time PCR.
INFLUENCE OF FORMATION OF THE COMPLEXES WITH DIFFERENT KIND OF LIGANDS ON KINETICS OF OXIDATIVE DISSOLUTION OF METALS
Authors: Lutsik Vladimir I. , Chursanov Yury V. , Starovoytov Anatoly V. 
Published: August 2018

Rotating disk method has been used to study the dissolution of gold in the presence of an oxidizer and a mixture of dissimilar ligandforming reagents. Kinetic regularities of gold dissolution were investigated in aqueous systems thiourea-thiocyanate with Fe (III) and Cu (II) ions as the oxidizer; thiosulfate-thiocyanatewithFe(III)EDTA oxidizing complex and thiosulfate-thiocyanate with ammonia complex [Cu(NH3)4]2+ asoxidizing agent. Peculiarities of these mixed systems is a possibility to form the monoligandas as well as geteroligand complexes of gold. The influence of gold complexes formation with different sorts of ligands on the metal dissolution rate have been considered. The dependence of the dissolution rate on the ratio of ligands concentrations and on the oxidizing agent nature was investigated. Interrelation was established: the use of dissimilar ligandforming reagents - the higher thermodynamic stability of the geteroligand complexes of gold (relative to the homoligand ones) - synergistic increase of the gold dissolution rate. It was found that the heterophase reaction makromechanism for the thiourea-thiocyanate-Fe(III) system is determined by the proximity of the rates of chemical and diffusion stages (experimental activation energy - 21.6 kJ/mol; the reaction order in respect to the disk rotation frequency – 0.23). Diffusive limitation is due to the slow withdrawal of the reaction products -Au (I) compounds - from the solid phase surface. The formation of stronger heteroligand complexes and the corresponding increase in the reaction products concentration at the surface increases a rate of the metal diffusion into the solution. For the thiourea-thiosulfate-Fe(III)EDTA system a film formation of the reaction solid products on the gold surface was observed. To identify it the infrared reflection spectra of the polished gold surface after the etching were obtained. There is a strong absorption band on the spectra at 804 cm-1. Absorption in this area has been associated with the stretching vibrations of C=S bond of the thiourea molecules joined to the surface and the products of their oxidation.
Petrology and geochemistry of the Kruuse Fjord Gabbro Complex,

East Greenland
Authors: ARNASON JOHN G. , BIRD DENNIS K. , BERNSTEIN STEFAN , ROSE NICHOLAS M. , MANNING CRAIG E. 
Published: July 2002

The Kruuse Fjord Gabbro Complex is a composite intrusion of

layered gabbro and troctolite with subordinate ultramafic rocks and

minor trondhjemitic bodies. It was emplaced into Archaean continental

crust of East Greenland during early Tertiary rifting of Greenland from

Eurasia. The work to date has identified an outer gabbro series and an

inner troctolite series, and these are separated by a narrow zone of

trondhjemitic intrusions. In the southeast, the partially crystallized

cumulates of the gabbro series were intruded by a lenticular,

ultramafic pluton 800 m in thickness. Volumetrically minor,

syenite–trachyandesite net-veined dykes and later, diabase dykes

cross-cut the plutonic rocks. Structural and topographic features

suggest that the layered rocks were affected by synmagmatic subsidence

and deformation but not by monoclinal coastal flexure.The gabbro series is composed of a marginal gabbro unit, about 20 m

wide, bordering more than a 2 km thickness of layered olivine and

magnetite gabbro cumulates. The marginal gabbro is interpreted to be

chilled magma. The layered cumulates are the product of repeated

injections of magma that fractionated in an open-system magma chamber.

Anorthositic and troctolitic layers in the lower part of the sequence

may represent inputs of magma and suggest that the order of cumulus

mineral crystallization was (1) plagioclase (An39–85),

(2) olivine (Fo46–82), (3) augite

(Wo28–47En39–58Fs8–18
) and (4) magnetite. The disappearance of cumulus magnetite and a

reversal in mineral compositions at 1.5 km from the base of the

succession suggests a major input of magma occurred at this height. In

the troctolite series, the composition of cumulus minerals, mineral

crystallization sequence and style of emplacement are similar to those

in the gabbro series. The ultramafic pluton is composed of

coarse-grained wehrlite, olivine melagabbro and troctolite that were

formed by at least three injections of magma. The typical mineral

crystallization sequence was (1) cumulus chromite and olivine

(Fo84–88); (2) poikilitic chrome diopside

(Wo29–51En43–63Fs3–13
); and (3) intercumulus plagioclase (An75–90),

phlogopite, apatite and localized disseminated sulphides containing

Au and platinum-group elements.Comparison of crystallization sequences and the major and trace

element compositions of clinopyroxene suggests that the gabbroic and

troctolitic rocks formed from a magma represented by the chilled

marginal gabbro, a tholeiitic basalt magma similar to E-MORB, whereas

the ultramafic rocks formed from a magma that was relatively enriched

in incompatible trace elements and volatiles. The association of

these two magma types is an example of bimodal mafic–ultramafic

magmatism in a rifting environment.
FORTUNES COMMERCIALES A SHINGÎTI (ADRAR
MAURITANIEN) AU DIX-NEUVIÈME SIÈCLE
Authors: BONTE PIERRE 
Published: July 2002

Le nom de la ville (qsâr) de Shingîti apparaît
tardivement dans les documents médiévaux, au détour
d'un texte portugais du début du seizième siècle,
dans une liste de toponymes concernant l'Adrar de
Mauritanie. Ce n'est qu'à partir du dix-septième
et
surtout du dix-huitième siècle que Shingîti acquiert
une réputation dépassant les limites du Sahara
occidental, plus alors par le renom de certains de ses savants et hommes
de
religion que par ses activités commerciales. A cette époque,
comme durant
la période médiévale, le principal centre commercial
de
l'Adrar est Wadàn,
dont le destin est étroitement associé au commerce du sel
de la Sebkha
d'Idjîl, sans doute exploitée depuis les dixième
ou onzième siècles.Au début du dix-neuvième siècle, Wadân connaît
un déclin définitif, sans
doute en partie lié aux conflits factionnels opposant Idaw al-Hajj
et Kunta,
ces derniers devenant maîtres du qsâr et de la saline
d'Idjîl dans le courant du dix-huitième siècle.
Parallèlement, l'on assiste à un essor commercial de
Shingîti:
à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, l'importance
économique et
religieuse de la ville est attestée à travers le fait que
l'ensemble du Sahara occidental est connu dans le monde musulman environnant
sous le terme de trab ash-Shingîti, le ‘pays de
Shingîti’, nom répandu à l'extérieur
par les
pèlerins qui se rendent à La Mecque et par les caravaniers
qui fréquentent
la ville. C'est sur cette brusque mutation des activités de
la ville que nous
nous interrogerons dans cet article en tentant de la replacer dans le contexte
plus général de l'évolution des échanges
sahariens au dix-neuvième siècle.
The effects of site and season on the fate of nitrogen
residues from root crops grown on sandy soils
Authors: WEBB J. , SYLVESTER-BRADLEY R. , SEENEY F. M. 
Published: July 2002

In 74 experiments carried out in England from 1990 to 1994, cereal
test crops were grown on sandy
soils prone to nitrate leaching, following cereals, sugarbeet and potatoes.
Measurements were made
of the effects of the previous crops on soil mineral N, and on N recovery
by the cereal test crop.Soil N supply in autumn (SNSa) was greater following potatoes
(c. 100 kg/ha N) than following
sugarbeet or cereals (c. 60 kg/ha N). However when potato crops
to which organic manures had been
applied were excluded, mean SNSa after potatoes was only
c. 60 kg/ha. Soil N supply in spring (SNSs)
following sugarbeet and potatoes was similar and at c. 56 kg/ha,
c. 10 kg/ha greater than following
cereals. Seasonal differences in SNSs were related to excess winter
rainfall and soil water-holding
capacity. Modelled leaching losses gave good agreement with overwinter changes
in SNS (r=0·87),
although SNSs was usually greater than predicted by the model.
This discrepancy was considered to
be due to overwinter mineralization, which was estimated from the intercept
of the regression lines
to be c. 40 kg/ha following cereals and potatoes, and
c. 50 kg/ha following sugarbeet.Apparent net mineralization (AM) of N during the test crop growing season was
c. 37, 53 and
63 kg/ha following cereals, sugarbeet and potatoes respectively. However,
AM was c. 24 kg/ha N
greater if the preceding potato crop had been given organic manures, but
there was no difference in
AM following manured and unmanured sugarbeet crops.Nitrogen offtake by the cereal test crop without fertilizer N
(NoffN0) was c. 15·20 kg/ha greater
following potatoes and sugarbeet than following cereals. The greater N
offtake following potatoes is
considered to be due to mineralization of organic manures applied to the
potato crop, while the effect
following sugarbeet appears to be due to mineralization of sugarbeet residues.
At harvest, SMN was
c. 38 kg/ha and similar for all three previous crops. It is
concluded that mineralization of sugarbeet
residues has taken place more quickly on these sandy soils than previously
reported on soils of greater
clay content. Only potatoes grown with organic manures leave greater
N residues than cereals.
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi
and hedgerow trees to the yield and nutrient uptake
of cassava in an alley-cropping system
Authors: FAGBOLA O. , OSONUBI O. , MULONGOY K. 
Published: July 2002

A field trial on alley-cropping was conducted at the University

of Ibadan research farm in the 1990/91
cropping season to assess the contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)
fungi and hedgerow
woody legumes to the yield and nutrient uptake of cassava (Manihot

esculenta Crantz) as an intercrop
in an infertile soil. The trial also investigated the influence of
AM fungi on the interplanting of a non-nodulating woody legume
Senna siamea (syn. Cassia siamea) with a nodulating woody
legume
(Leucaena leucocephala).AM contributions to cassava were greater than the hedgerow contributions,
which demonstrated
that AM associations are an essential component in the nutrition of
cassava. In contrast to cassava,
AM inoculation only influenced the leaf dry weight and uptake of nutrients
of non-interplanted
woody legumes but not the above-ground biomass and P uptake of interplanted
woody legumes.
However, non-inoculated interplanted Leucaena benefited more
from indigenous AM fungi than the
competing Senna. The negative contributions to the nutrient
uptake (K, Ca and Mg) of cassava by
hedgerows and the lack of response to AM inoculation in interplanted hedgerow
woody legumes
could be attributed to root competition among the different plant species

growing in close proximity
to each other. The present results show that cassava benefits more from
AM association than
Leucaena which in turn benefits more than Senna in an
alley-cropping system.
Evaluation of Lotus corniculatus for increasing
pre-weaning growth of red and hybrid deer
Authors: ADU E. K. , BARRY T. N. , WILSON P. R. , KEMP P. D. 
Published: July 2002

Lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds and
their calves were rotationally grazed on Lotus
corniculatus or perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture at an

allowance of 12 kg DM/hind/day
during summer 1996 in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Half the hinds
suckled pure red deer calves
and half suckled hybrid (0·25 elk[ratio ]0·75 red deer) calves.

Measurements were made of the diet selected,
voluntary feed intake of the hinds and liveweight changes of the hinds
and calves.Lotus corniculatus and perennial ryegrass constituted
c. 90% of green material in the diet selected
on the respective forages. Total nitrogen (N) content and organic matter

digestibility (OMD) were
higher for Lotus corniculatus than for perennial ryegrass/white

clover pasture. Lotus corniculatus
contained 21 g condensed tannin (CT)/kg dry matter (DM),
whilst pasture contained only traces of CT (1·6 g/kg DM).Hinds grazing Lotus corniculatus tended to have higher
voluntary feed intake, and calf liveweight
gain (485 v. 399 g/day) and weaning weight
(52·6 v. 48·1 kg) were greater than for deer grazing

perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. Hybrid calves grew
faster than pure red deer calves
(P<0·01), with hybrid calves grazing lotus having
very high liveweight gain (c. 520 g/day).
Liveweight gain of hinds grazing Lotus corniculatus also
tended to be higher (91 v. 20 g/day) than for
hinds grazing perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. CT was
bound more strongly during chewing
by red deer than had been found in comparable studies with
sheep and the nutritional significance
of this is discussed. Nutritional reasons for the superior performance
of
deer grazing Lotus corniculatus are discussed.