bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐related changes of proinsulin processing in diabetic and non‐diabetic Japanese individuals
Authors: Yoshino Hiroshi , Kawakami Kyoko , Yoshino Gen , Hirose Takahisa 
Published: April 2018

AimThe present study was carried out to examine whether the insulin secretory mechanism deteriorates during the aging process using the new intact proinsulin assay system in non‐diabetic and diabetic individuals.MethodsA total of 172 participants were separated into four groups according to their age (<64 years and >65 years) and an association of type 2 diabetes; that is, 46 older diabetics (mean age 74.5 ± 6.2 years, glycated hemoglobin [National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program] 7.5 ± 1.3%), 27 older non‐diabetics (mean age 76.9 ± 7.5 years), 48 middle‐aged diabetics (mean age 50.8 ± 10.4, glycated hemoglobin 7.8 ± 1.5%) and 51 middle aged non‐diabetics (mean age 46.6 ± 13.0 years) participants were enrolled.ResultsThe proinsulin/insulin (PI/I) ratio of the diabetic group was higher than that of the non‐diabetic group in the older group (0.19 ± 0.12 vs 0.11 ± 0.06, P = 0.002). In the middle‐aged groups, the PI/I ratio of the diabetic group was higher than that of the non‐diabetic group (0.16 ± 0.15 vs 0.09 ± 0.09, P = 0.003). Simple regression analysis showed that male sex (95% CI 0.02–0.01, P = 0.004), age (95% CI 0.00–0.002, P = 0.03), lower body mass index (95% CI −0.06 to 0.00, P = 0.02) and the presence of diabetes mellitus (95% CI 0.04–0.012, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with the increase in the PI/I ratio. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male sex and age were the independent factors determining the increase in the PI/I ratio in the non‐diabetic group. After adjusted for body mass index, the PI/I ratio correlated significantly with age only in the non‐diabetic group (r = 0.5, P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe proinsulin processing system might deteriorate not only in diabetics, but also in non‐diabetic Japanese individuals with age. Also, sex‐related hormones can be protective for the proinsulin processing system. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1046–1050.
The history of the production of India‐related knowledge in post‐1950 China
Authors: Jiang Jingkui , Jia Yan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis essay surveys the ways in which India‐related knowledge has been produced and disseminated in China since 1950 when diplomatic ties were established between the two nascent nation‐states. The examination proceeds along two differing yet intertwined dimensions: academic knowledge and popular knowledge. At the academic level, both traditional and modern Indology in China have undergone remarkable development, which is mainly charasterised by institutional extension, growing multidisciplinarity, and diversification of languages taught and research subjects. However, confined mostly within the intelligentsia, scholarly knowledge has limited impact on shaping China's public views on India. This task, instead, has been well fulfilled by popular modes of knowledge production that target a wider audience, such as translated literary works, subtitled films, and travel writings. Thanks largely to the rise of Internet and social media in China, recent years have seen gradual convergence of the two modes of production of India‐related knowledge, with junior academics embracing digital mediums to popularise rational thinking about Indian issues, while non‐academics starting to generate well‐studied contents in their creative engagement with Indian culture and society. In light of India's economic growth and China's increasing emphasis on neighbouring countries and those located along the Belt and Road, China's demand and supply for unbiased and specialised knowledge about India are anticipated to grow in the future.
Multiangle discrimination of geographical origin of rice based on analysis of mineral elements and characteristic volatile components
Authors: Du Mengjia , Fang Yong , Shen Fei , Mao Bo , Zou Yanyu , Li Peng , Pei Fei , Hu Qiuhui 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe aim of the study was to develop a multiangle discrimination method which combines mineral elements with volatile compounds to identify the geographical origin of rice. The levels of twenty‐four elements and characteristic volatile compositions of rice samples from different growing area (Panjin, Wuchang and Sheyang city of China) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) and electronic nose (E‐nose), respectively. The obtained data were subject to the analysis of variance (anova), principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The twenty elements including B, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pb, Bi and Tl and eleven sensors including LY2/LG,LY2/G, LY2/AA, LY2/GH, LY2/gCTL, LY2/gCT, P10/1, T30/1,T70/2, P10/2 and PA/2 were mainly contributed to discriminate the origin of the rice, and the average classification accuracy was 93.5%. Compared with one‐dimensional discrimination method, the multiangle analytical method of combining mineral elements with volatile compounds significantly improved the discrimination accuracy of origin of rice.
Two novel HLA‐C alleles, HLA‐C*02:02:34 and HLA‐C*03:369, were identified in the same individual
Authors: Valatkaite‐Rakstiene B. , Cekauskiene R. , Griskevicius L. , Jakubauskas A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTwo new HLA class I alleles, HLA‐C*02:02:34 and HLA‐C*03:369, were characterized in a single Polish bone marrow donor.
Health‐related quality of life and fall risk associated with age‐related body composition changes; sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Öztürk Zeynel Abidin , Türkbeyler İbrahim Halil , Abiyev Azer , Kul Seval , Edizer Bahadır , Yakaryılmaz Funda Datli , Soylu Gülçimen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity are various features of the ageing process that can cause important health issues. The present study was undertaken to investigate the interrelationship between those body composition changes, including their clinical components and the quality‐of‐life variables.MethodsA total of 423 individuals aged 65 years or older was included in this cross‐sectional study. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria. Body composition parameters were measured with a bioelectrical impedance analyser, and Turkish population‐based cut‐off points were preferred for diagnosis of sarcopenia. Comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed on all patients. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify important factors for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenic, obese and sarcopenic obese subjects was 14%, 35% and 11% respectively. The lowest mean gait speed and hand grip strength values were seen in the sarcopenic obese group (0.6 ± 0.3 m/s and 19.7 ± 9.8 kg respectively). Sarcopenic obese participants were associated with the highest rate for fall risk. The scores for domains of health‐related quality of life were worse in both obesity and sarcopenic obesity when compared to others. Body mass index (BMI), number of drugs used, total body fat ratio and geriatric depression scale‐short form scores were negatively correlated with all dimensions of SF‐36 quality‐of‐life scale.ConclusionsSarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity are associated with many negative health outcomes, such as high fall risk and low health‐related quality of life in geriatric population.
Examination of the relationship between disease activity and patient‐reported outcome measures in an inflammatory bowel disease cohort
Authors: Jackson Belinda D. , Con Danny , Gorelik Alexandra , Liew Danny , Knowles Simon , De Cruz Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which disease activity impacts patient‐reported outcomes (PRO) is unclear.AimsTo examine the relationship between disease activity and PRO.MethodsAdult inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients attending a tertiary clinic from May to June 2015 were included. Assessment of disease activity (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI)), IBD knowledge (CCKNOW), medication adherence (MMAS8), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), work productivity (WPAI) and quality of life (IBDQ) was performed to investigate any correlations between disease activity and PRO.ResultsA total of 81 participants was included: 49% female, 57% Crohn disease (CD), 38% ulcerative colitis (UC) and 5% IBD‐unclassified, with a median age of 34 years. At least mild levels of depression were present in 21 of 81 (26%) of patients; 37 of 81 (46%) expressed some level of anxiety. A moderate‐to‐strong correlation was found between disease activity and depression in UC (r = 0.84, P = 0.002) but not in CD (r = 0.53, P = 0.29). Disease activity correlated with: overall work impairment due to health (r = 0.85, P = 0.001), health‐related impairment while working (r = 0.76, P = 0.02) and percentage of activity impaired due to health (r = 0.83, P = 0.002) in UC only.ConclusionsDisease activity significantly affects mood and work productivity in patients with UC. Monitoring patients’ ability to function and work, rather than minimising disease activity alone, should become a routine part of IBD care.
Stromal cell networks coordinate immune response generation and maintenance
Authors: Alexandre Yannick O. , Mueller Scott N. 
Published: April 2018

SummarySecondary lymphoid organs (SLO), including the spleen and lymph nodes (LN) are a meeting place for immune cells to initiate adaptive immune responses. Lymphocytes constantly circulate between SLO through the blood and lymph in search of their cognate antigen and are activated within the organized microarchitecture of SLO. Lymphoid stromal cells (LSC) of mesenchymal and endothelial origin construct and support the microarchitecture of SLO by defining distinct compartments and providing signals that can either promote or inhibit immune responses. Here, we discuss recent studies indicating that LSC, including fibroblastic reticular cells (FRC), contribute substantially to immune responses and may tune responses to secondary challenge.
What if protective immunity is antigen—driven and not due to so‐called “memory” B and T cells?
Authors: Zinkernagel Rolf M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryVaccines or early childhood exposure to infection mediate immunity, that is, improved resistance against disease and death caused by a second infection with the same agent. This has been explained by and equaled to immunological memory, that is, an “altered immune system behavior” that is maintained in a presumably antigen‐independent fashion. This review summarizes epidemiological and experimental data, that largely falsify this idea and that show that periodic re‐exposure to antigen either, artificially as vaccines or naturally as low‐level persisting antigens or infections, or immune complexes on follicular dendritic cells or endemic re‐exposure is necessary for protection. Both, the huge success of vaccines in controlling childhood infections, the reduction in clinical disease and the chance of endemically re‐exposure, have gradually reduced periodical re‐exposure to infections and thereby endangered protective herd immunity. In parallel, vaccine deniers have created susceptibility islands even in an otherwise well vaccinated population, thereby creating a very new situation when compared to the later parts of the 20th century. If protective Immunity is—as emphasized here—antigen driven, then increasingly frequent revaccinations will be necessary (even more so with too much attenuated vaccines) to maintain both herd immunity and individual resistance to acute infections. Of course, this rule also applies to tumor vaccines.
Tissue‐resident memory T cells in tissue homeostasis, persistent infection, and cancer surveillance
Authors: Gebhardt Thomas , Palendira Umaimainthan , Tscharke David C. , Bedoui Sammy 
Published: April 2018

SummaryA large proportion of memory T cells disseminated throughout the body are non‐recirculating cells whose maintenance and function is regulated by tissue‐specific environmental cues. These sessile cells are referred to as tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells and similar populations of non‐recirculating cells also exist among unconventional T cells and innate lymphocyte cells. The pool of TRM cells is highly diverse with respect to anatomical positioning, phenotype, molecular regulation and effector function. Nevertheless, certain transcriptional programs are shared and appear as important unifying features for the overall population of TRM cells and tissue‐resident lymphocytes. It is now widely appreciated that TRM cells are a critical component of our immune defense by acting as peripheral sentinels capable of rapidly mobilizing protective tissue immunity upon pathogen recognition. This function is of particular importance in anatomical sites that are not effectively surveilled by blood‐borne memory T cells in absence of inflammation, such as neuronal tissues or epithelial compartments in skin and mucosae. Focusing on the well‐characterized subtype of CD8+ CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells, we will review current concepts on the generation, persistence and function of TRM cells and will summarize commonly used tools to study these cells. Furthermore, we will discuss accumulating data that emphasize localized TRM responses as an important determinant of tissue homeostasis and immune defense in the context of microbiota‐immune interactions, persistent infections and cancer surveillance.
Immunological memories of the bone marrow
Authors: Chang Hyun‐Dong , Tokoyoda Koji , Radbruch Andreas 
Published: April 2018

SummaryMemory for antigens once encountered is a hallmark of the immune system of vertebrates, providing us with an immunity adapted to pathogens of our environment. Despite its fundamental relevance, the cells and genes representing immunological memory are still poorly understood. Here we discuss the concept of a circulating, proliferating, and ubiquitous population of effector lymphocytes vs concepts of resting and dormant populations of dedicated memory lymphocytes, distinct from effector lymphocytes and residing in defined tissues, particularly in barrier tissues and in the bone marrow. The lifestyle of memory plasma cells of the bone marrow may serve as a paradigm, showing that persistence of memory lymphocytes is not defined by intrinsic “half‐lives”, but rather conditional on distinct survival signals provided by dedicated niches. These niches are organized by individual mesenchymal stromal cells. They define the capacity of immunological memory and regulate its homeostasis.
Understanding consumers’ initial expectations of community‐based residential mental health rehabilitation in the context of past experiences of care: A mixed‐methods pragmatic grounded theory analysis
Authors: Parker Stephen , Meurk Carla , Newman Ellie , Fletcher Clayton , Swinson Isabella , Dark Frances 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study explores how consumers expect community‐based residential mental health rehabilitation to compare with previous experiences of care. Understanding what consumers hope to receive from mental health services, and listening to their perspectives about what has and has not worked in previous care settings, may illuminate pathways to improved service engagement and outcomes. A mixed‐methods research design taking a pragmatic approach to grounded theory guided the analysis of 24 semi‐structured interviews with consumers on commencement at three Community Care Units (CCUs) in Australia. Two of these CCUs were trialling a staffing model integrating peer support work with clinical care. All interviews were conducted by an independent interviewer within the first 6 weeks of the consumer's stay. All participants expected the CCU to offer an improvement on previous experiences of care. Comparisons were made to acute and subacute inpatient settings, supported accommodation, and outpatient care. Consumers expected differences in the people (staff and co‐residents), the focus of care, physical environ, and rules and regulations. Participants from the integrated staffing model sites articulated the expected value of a less clinical approach to care. Overall, consumers’ expectations aligned with the principles articulated in policy frameworks for recovery‐oriented practice. However, their reflections on past care suggest that these services continue to face significant challenges realizing these principles in practice. Paying attention to the kind of working relationship consumers want to have with mental health services, such as the provision of choice and maintaining a practical and therapeutic supportive focus, could improve their engagement and outcomes.
Measuring Identification Risk in Microdata Release and Its Control by Post‐randomisation
Authors: Nayak Tapan K. , Zhang Cheng , You Jiashen 
Published: April 2018

SummaryStatistical agencies often release a masked or perturbed version of survey data to protect the confidentiality of respondents' information. Ideally, a perturbation procedure should provide confidentiality protection without much loss of data quality, so that the released data may practically be treated as original data for making inferences. One major objective is to control the risk of correctly identifying any respondent's records in released data, by matching the values of some identifying or key variables. For categorical key variables, we propose a new approach to measuring identification risk and setting strict disclosure control goals. The general idea is to ensure that the probability of correctly identifying any respondent or surveyed unit is at most ξ, which is pre‐specified. Then, we develop an unbiased post‐randomisation procedure that achieves this goal for ξ>1/3. The procedure allows substantial control over possible changes to the original data, and the variance it induces is of a lower order of magnitude than sampling variance. We apply the procedure to a real data set, where it performs consistently with the theoretical results and quite importantly, shows very little data quality loss.
Impact of untreated dental caries on the quality of life of Brazilian children: population‐based study
Authors: Lima Sâmara Luciana de Andrade , Santana Caroline Chavier Pereira , Paschoal Marco Aurélio Benini , Paiva Saul Martins , Ferreira Meire Coelho 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe assessment of oral health should consider clinical and biopsychosocial aspects.AimTo evaluate the impact of untreated dental caries on the quality of life of children.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 647 Brazilian children. The Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8–10) and the ‘oral health’ global indicator were administered to the children and used as the outcomes. Parents answered a general questionnaire, and oral clinical examinations were performed. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi‐squared test, Mann–Whitney test, and Poisson's regression analysis (α = 5%). The psychometric properties of the CPQ8–10 were tested for younger age group (6/7 years).ResultsUntreated caries was a predictor of impact on quality of life for the following items: ‘pain in teeth/mouth’ (PR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.41–2.04), ‘difficulty biting/chewing hard foods’ (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.05–1.56), ‘difficulty eating what you wanted to eat’ (PR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.29–2.02), ‘trouble sleeping’ (PR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.27–2.13), ‘missed school’ (PR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.24–2.12), ‘trouble doing homework’ (PR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.12–2.31), and ‘difficulty paying attention in class’ (PR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01–1.96).ConclusionChildren with untreated dental caries feel greater negative impacts on quality of life than children without untreated caries.
Market Quality around Macroeconomic News Announcements: Evidence from the US and Canadian Markets
Authors: Frijns Bart , Indriawan Ivan , Tourani‐Rad Alireza , Tse Yiuman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe investigate changes in market quality in the US and Canada during macroeconomic news announcements. We measure market quality in terms of returns dependence, the cost of trading, and pricing errors. Using a sample of cross‐listed stocks and macroeconomic news from both countries, we document that market quality is generally higher in the US than in Canada. The pattern of intraday serial dependence in returns reveals that it takes investors about 5 min less to react to order imbalances in the US than in Canada. We further observe that, around announcement periods, transaction costs increase more in Canada than in the US, suggesting that the US market offers better liquidity. More information is also incorporated into the US market. These results support the view that the US is a prime target for cross‐listing, and are robust to different types of assets and time specifications.
miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 sensitizes HGF‐induced gefitinib‐resistant human lung cancer cells through inhibition of c‐Met signalling and EMT
Authors: Jiao Demin , Chen Jun , Li Yu , Tang Xiali , Wang Jian , Xu Wei , Song Jia , Li You , Tao Huimin , Chen Qingyong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHepatocyte growth factor (HGF) overexpression is an important mechanism in acquired epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor gefitinib resistance in lung cancers with EGFR activating mutations. MiR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 act as suppressors in lung cancer proliferation and metastasis. However, whether miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 can overcome HGF‐induced gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer is not clear. In this study, we showed that miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 restored the sensitivities of lung cancer cells PC‐9 and HCC‐827 to gefitinib in present of HGF. For the mechanisms, we demonstrated that both miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 directly target HGF receptor c‐Met in lung cancer. Knockdown of c‐Met mimicked the effects of miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 transfections Meanwhile, c‐Met overexpression attenuated the effects of miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 in HGF‐induced gefitinib resistance of lung cancers. Furthermore, we showed that miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 inhibited c‐Met downstream Akt and Erk pathway and blocked HGF‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, we demonstrated that miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 can increase gefitinib sensitivity in xenograft mouse models in vivo. Our study for the first time indicated the new function of miR‐1‐3p and miR‐206 in overcoming HGF‐induced gefitinib resistance in EGFR mutant lung cancer cell.
Up‐regulated Cx43 phosphorylation at Ser368 prolongs QRS duration in myocarditis
Authors: Zhong Chunlian , Chang He , Wu Yang , Zhou Li , Wang Yan , Wang Mingyan , Wu Peng , Qi Zhi , Zou Jun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProlongation of QRS duration in electrocardiogram is one of the risk factors for morbidity and mortality in many kinds of cardiac diseases. However, its molecular mechanism is unknown. In this study, utilizing experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) as a disease model, we show that the prolongation of QRS duration is accompanied by elevated phosphorylation of connexin 43 (Cx43) at Ser368 (pS368Cx43). In cultured cells, inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β activates p38 MAPK to up‐regulate pS368Cx43 and impairs cell‐to‐cell communication. In isolated hearts of normal rats, perfusion of IL‐1β not only increases pS368Cx43 but also impairs cell‐to‐cell communication and prolongs QRS duration. Furthermore, blockade of p38 MAPK down‐regulates pS368Cx43, improves cell‐to‐cell communication and reduces QRS duration in EAM. These findings suggest that up‐regulation of pS368Cx43 by IL‐1β via p38 MAPK contributes to the prolongation of QRS duration and could be a therapeutic target for myocarditis‐induced prolongation of QRS duration.