bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chest infection within 30 days of acute stroke, associated factors, survival and the benefits of stroke unit care: Analysis using linked data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry
Authors: Chapman Chantelle , Cadilhac Dominique A , Morgan Prue , Kilkenny Monique F , Grimley Rohan , Sundararajan Vijaya , Purvis Tara , Johnston Trisha , Lannin Natasha A , Andrew Nadine E 
Published: February 2019

Introduction Chest infections following acute stroke contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate factors associated with chest infections that occur within 30 days of stroke, the impact on 90-day survival, and the role of stroke unit care. Methods Patient-level data from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2010–13; 23 Queensland hospitals), were linked with Queensland hospital admission, emergency department (ED), and national death registry data. Acute chest infections were determined using ICD-10 codes from the stroke admission, hospital readmissions, ED contacts, and cause of death data. Patients aged ≥18 years without a prior stroke or chronic respiratory condition were included. Multilevel (hospital and patient) multivariable regression and survival analysis were used to identify associated factors and the influence on 90-day survival. Results Overall, 3149 patients (77% ischemic stroke, 47% female, median age 74 years) were included; 3.1% developed a chest infection within 30 days. Associated factors included: admission to intensive care (OR: 8.26, 95% CI: 4.07, 16.76); and urinary tract infection (OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.89, 5.04). Patients not treated in stroke units had a two-fold greater odds of chest infections (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.05). Chest infection afforded a greater hazard of death at 90 days (HR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.04, 1.93). This was reduced for those admitted to a stroke unit (HR: 1.31, 95% CI 0.99, 1.75). Conclusion Results emphasize the need for active prevention and highlight the importance of stroke unit care in mitigating risk and improving survival in those with stroke-related chest infections.
Artificial intelligence in radiology: friend or foe? Where are we now and where are we heading?
Authors: Pakdemirli Emre 
Published: February 2019

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been rapidly progressing in medicine, particularly in radiology. AI has also been the source of great innovation and a prominent topic of discussion within radiology societies and ground-breaking research in recent years. Despite the risks and quality assurance issues involved in AI, it offers tremendous opportunities for changing how radiological services are delivered. Moreover, it is conceivable that AI could become a reliable, hard-working friend to the radiologist rather than a foe, in addition to being a useful training tool for radiologist trainees.
Influence of Pitching Release Location on Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Risk Among Major League Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Portney Daniel A. , Buchler Lucas T. , Lazaroff Jake M. , Gryzlo Stephen M. , Saltzman Matthew D. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a common procedure performed among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. The etiology of UCL injury is complex and is not entirely understood. Hypothesis: To better understand risk factors for requiring UCL reconstruction, we hypothesized that pitchers who eventually undergo the procedure will exhibit different throwing mechanics as measured by pitch-tracking data points, such as velocity and release location. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Pitch-tracking and demographic data were gathered for 140 MLB pitchers who had undergone UCL reconstruction between the 2010 and 2017 seasons. Pitch type, release location, and velocity were compared between the surgical cohort and a matched-control cohort. Results: When compared with controls, the mean pitch release location for pitchers who required UCL reconstruction was 12.2 cm more lateral in the year immediately preceding surgery ( P = .001). Furthermore, within the surgical cohort, the horizontal release location was 3.4 cm more lateral immediately preceding surgery compared with 2 years earlier ( P = .036). Binary logistic regression indicated an odds ratio of 0.51, suggesting a roughly 5% increased odds of UCL reconstruction for every 10 cm of increased lateral release location ( P = .048). Both the surgical and the control cohorts threw similar rates of fastballs and had similar mean pitch velocity and fastball velocity. Control pitchers displayed a significant decrease over time in mean pitch velocity ( P = .005) and mean fastball velocity, while pitchers in the UCL reconstruction cohort did not ( P = .012). Conclusion: Pitch tracking indicates that the mean release point is more lateral in pitchers preceding UCL reconstruction as compared with controls, suggesting that a more lateral pitch release location is an independent risk factor for UCL injury and reconstruction.
Ocular Venous Air Embolism (OVAE): A Review
Authors: Morris Robert E. , Boyd Gwendolyn L. , Sapp Mathew R. , Oltmanns Matthew H. , Kuhn Ferenc , Albin Maurice S. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review and analyze reported cases of ocular venous air embolism (OVAE) to develop a reliable clinical definition of OVAE and effective prevention strategies. Methods: We reviewed all reports of suspected air embolism during vitrectomy published in PubMed since the introduction of pars plana vitrectomy, and 5 cases found elsewhere and separately reported concurrent with this review. Results: OVAE is a precipitous drop in end-tidal CO2, a choroidal detachment, or a choroidal wound, followed by signs of impending or actual cardiovascular collapse, during vitrectomy air infusion. In each case meeting the above clinical definition, entrained air was found whenever it was sought (8/8, 100%), either by antemortem imaging or postmortem forensic investigations. Most OVAE cases were fatal (9/13, 69%), with 8 of 9 deaths (89%) occurring the day of surgery. Conclusions: OVEA is a rare but usually fatal complication of air infusion into the eye during vitrectomy. Although received with skepticism when first reported (2005), OVAE may be the most lethal type of surgical air embolization because of its high entrainment pressure and proximity to the heart. Because the effective response time to avoid a fatal OVAE outcome can be less than 1 minute, use of preventive measures is critical—most notably a “time out” before air infusion to confirm infusion cannula positioning, and immediate cessation of air infusion if choroidal detachment is detected.
dStruct: identifying differentially reactive regions from RNA structurome profiling data
Authors: Choudhary Krishna , Lai Yu-Hsuan , Tran Elizabeth J. , Aviran Sharon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRNA biology is revolutionized by recent developments of diverse high-throughput technologies for transcriptome-wide profiling of molecular RNA structures. RNA structurome profiling data can be used to identify differentially structured regions between groups of samples. Existing methods are limited in scope to specific technologies and/or do not account for biological variation. Here, we present dStruct which is the first broadly applicable method for differential analysis accounting for biological variation in structurome profiling data. dStruct is compatible with diverse profiling technologies, is validated with experimental data and simulations, and outperforms existing methods.
Longitudinal data on parental religious behaviour and beliefs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Authors: Iles-Caven Yasmin , Gregory Steven , Northstone Kate , Golding Jean 
Published: February 2019

There is evidence that, in general, the West is becoming more secular. Religious belief has been shown in some studies to positively impact on outcomes such as coping with serious illness and other life events and general well-being. In this paper, we describe the data collected from parents enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) on their religious behaviour and beliefs on three occasions. These data are available for researchers to use in association with other longitudinally collected data on social, biological, genetic and epigenetic features of this culturally largely protestant Christian population. Data were collected antenatally and then subsequently at 5 and 9 years post-delivery from self-completion questionnaires completed by each parent independently. Strong sex differences (all P<0.001) were noted regarding religious beliefs and behaviour: for example, 49.9% of women stated that they believed in God or some divine being compared with 37% of men. Almost twice as many men (28.6%) than women (14.9%) declared they were atheists. Men were less likely to have stated that they had been helped by a divine presence; to appeal to God if they were in trouble, to attend religious services or obtain help from members of religious groups. Among the 6256 women and 2355 men who answered the questions at all three time points, there was evidence of a slight reduction in professed belief and a slight increase in the proportion stating that they were atheists. Information is available from this resource, which is rich in data on the environment, traumatic incidents, health and genetic background. It can be used for research into various aspects of the antecedents and consequences of religious belief and behaviour.
Transitional foreign policy: actors, institutions and norms
Authors: Moreira Diogo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Foreign policy analysis (FPA) has traditionally focused its attention in consolidated political regimes, either democratic or autocratic, thus leaving the study of transitional regimes almost exclusively to comparative politics. This study attempts to counter that trend by demonstrating that a conceptual study of foreign policy decision-making during regime transitions is possible if part of the elements of some of the tools of analysis utilized by FPA are altered, specifically the decision units framework' (Hermann and Hermann 1989). We plan on utilizing the recent innovations in political sociology on the nature of the state (Mann 1993) and its differentiation from the regime (Mazzuca 2003), the state crisis methodology applied recently to popular mobilization under democratic transitions (Duran 2001), as well as the traditional theoretical models of regime transition (e.g. Linz and Stepan 1996; Schmitter, O'Donnell and Whitehead 1986), in helping to study the formulation and implementation of foreign policy decisions during the Portuguese regime transition (1974-76) that started the third wave of democratization.
Pengaruh motivasi konsumen, sikap konsumen, dan persepsi terhadap pemilihan lembaga Arva School of Fashion Surabaya
Authors: Ismiar Rosida Ajeng Lailil 
Published: February 2019

Salah satu persaingan usaha yang semakin ketat dan saling bersaing, dapat menimbulkan perilaku konsumen dalam mengambil keputusan untuk membeli suatu produk. Selain itu, dengan perkembangan jaman yang membuat teknologi semakin canggih dan dinamis, konsumen atau dituntut dengan cepat dan tidak salah untuk bertindak agar tidak kalah bersaing dengan konsumen yang lain. Begitu pula pada sektor garment atau konveksi, dimana setiap pengelola garment atau konveksi akan selalu berpikir dan melakukan inovasi untuk bersaing dan lebih baik.Para pelaku bisnis garment juga memilih tempat belajar untuk mendalami teknik dan teori tentang perkembangan dunia fashion. Hal itulah yang membuat para pelaku di bidang fashion untuk terus belajar dan menggali potensinya lebih banyak lagi mengembangkan bisnisnya. Salah satu cara mereka adalah dengan mengikuti kursus atau belajar di lembaga Arva School of Fashion Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh perilaku konsumen yang meliputi motivasi konsumen, sikap konsumen, dan persepsi terhadap keputusan pemilihan Arva School of Fashion Surabaya. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa dan alumni Arva School of Fashion Surabaya dengan sampel sebanyak 130 orang responden yang rata-rata mereka berdomisili sekitar Surabaya. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda untuk menguji motivasi konsumen, sikap konsumen, dan persepsi yang signifikan baik secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap keputusan siswa dan alumni memilih Arva School of Fashion Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian statistik, menunjukkan bahwa variabel motivasi konsumen, sikap konsumen, dan persepsi secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi keputusan pemilihan Arva. Selain itu, motivasi konsumen, sikap konsumen, dan persepsi secara parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputuan pemilihan Arva.
Mengelola kinerja bisnis UMKM: Peran diferensiasi asosiatif dan keunggulan posisional diferensiatif
Authors: Sitaniapessy Rainier Hendrik 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bermula dari adanya kesenjangan penelitian hubungan antara inovasi proses dan kinerja bisnis. Dari kesenjangan penelitian tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model teoritikal baru dengan mengembangkan konstruk diferensiasi asosiatif yang berupaya untuk menyelesaikan kesenjangan hubungan inovasi proses dan kinerja bisnis tersebut. Sampel sejumlah 166 UMKM Batik yang berada di Indonesia (Pekalongan, Solo, DI Yogya) dengan menggunakan teknik analisis Struktural equation modeling (SEM). Hasil menunjukan bahwa inovasi proses (IP) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap diferensiasi asosiatif (DA) serta diferensiasi asosiatif (DA) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keunggulan posisional diferensiatif (KPD) yang pada akhirnya meningkatkan kinerja bisnis.(KB). Hasil lain yang mengejutkan adalah kualitas posisioning produk (KP) berpengaruh positif tapi tidak signifikan terhadap diferensiasi asosiatif (DA) serta diferensiasi asosiatif (DA) bepengauh positif tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja bisnis (KB).
The nature of minority languages: insights from Scotland
Authors: McLeod Wilson 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Gaelic language in Scotland presents a useful case study for the conceptualisation of minority languages. A key issue has been the extent to which Gaelic is understood as belonging to a discrete minority within Scotland and a bounded territory in the northwest of the country, or as a national language of significance to all of Scotland. Using the most obvious, demographic criterion, Gaelic is an extremely minoritised language, now spoken by barely 1.1 % of Scotland's population, and not spoken by a majority for at least five hundred years. Yet Gaelic was formerly the principal language of the Scottish kingdom, until processes of minoritisation began in the twelfth century. The concept of Gaelic as Scotland’s ‘true’ national language has been retained and refined, but co-exists with other interpretations that see Gaelic as belonging only to the territory that retained Gaelic after language shift occurred elsewhere. In recent decades, revitalisation initiatives (loosely connected with growing awareness of Scottish cultural distinctiveness and moves towards self-government) have promoted Gaelic as a language of national significance, an important resource for all Scots. Contemporary government policies advance this understanding even as speaker numbers continue to decline and many Scots view Gaelic as distant or irrelevant.
A semi-empirical integrated microring cavity approach for 2D material optical index identification at 1.55 μm
Authors: Maiti Rishi , Hemnani Rohit A. , Amin Rubab , Ma Zhizhen , Tahersima Mohammad H. , Empante Tom A. , Dalir Hamed , Agarwal Ritesh , Bartels Ludwig , Sorger Volker J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Atomically thin 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) provide a wide range of basic building blocks with unique properties, making them ideal for heterogeneous integration with a mature chip platform for advances in optical communication technology. The control and understanding of the precise value of the optical index of these materials, however, is challenging, as the standard metrology techniques such as the millimeter-large ellipsometry is often not usable due the small lateral 2D material flake dimension. Here, we demonstrate an approach of passive tunable coupling by integrating few layers of MoTe2 onto a microring resonator connected to a waveguide bus. We find the TMD-to-ring circumference coverage length ratio required to precisely place the ring into a critical coupling condition to be about 10% as determined from the variation of spectral resonance visibility and loss as a function of TMD coverage. Using this TMD-ring heterostructure, we further demonstrate a semiempirical method to determine the index of a 2D material (n
MoTe2 of 4.36+0.011i) near telecommunication-relevant wavelength. The placement, control, and optical property understanding of 2D materials with integrated photonics pave the way for further studies of active 2D material-based optoelectronics and circuits.
Quantum Chemical and Electrochemical Evaluation of Alkyl Phosphine Oxide in Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in Formation Water
Authors: Nour A. M. Abdel , Negm N. A. , Sayed G. H. , Tawfik S. M. , Badr E. A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this study, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations studies of a series of five nonionic surfactants namely: dimethyl alkyl phosphine oxide surfactants (C10-18PO) containing decyl, dodecyl-, tetradecyl-, hexadecyl-, and octadecyl alkyl chains were implemented using the density functional theory (DFT) method to interpret the correlation between the inhibition efficiency and the molecular structure of the different inhibitors in formation water. The global quantities including: highest occupied molecular orbital energy (HOMO), lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (LUMO), energy gap (ΔE), dipole moment (μ), total energy (TE), ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), electronegativity (χ), chemical potential (π), global hardness (η), global softness (σ), global electrophilicity (ω), polarizabilities <α> and fraction of electrons transferred (ΔN) were calculated for the different inhibitors in formation water. The dependence of surface activities of the nonionic surfactants on the alkyl chain length was studied in distilled water. The surface activities and surface parameters of the studied surfactants were described using: surface tension and interfacial tension measurements. The determined surface parameters of the studied surfactants were surface tension, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area at 25 °C. The thermodynamic evaluation of the surfactants was performed by calculating the standard free energies of micellization and adsorption. The structure-corrosion inhibition performance was estimated using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance measurements and quantum chemical studies at 25 °C in true sample formation water.
Sleep Quality and Quantity of International Rugby Sevens Players During Pre-season
Authors: Leduc Cédric , Jones Ben , Robineau Julien , Piscione Julien , Lacome Mathieu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Leduc, C, Jones, B, Robineau, J, Piscione, J, and Lacome, M. Sleep quality and quantity of international rugby sevens players during pre-season. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1878–1886, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of training load on objective and subjective sleep measures among elite rugby sevens players during pre-season. Nine international male rugby sevens players participated in this study. Actigraphic and subjective sleep assessment were performed on a daily basis to measure sleep parameters. Training load was measured during the entire pre-season period, and sleep data from the highest and lowest training load week were used in the analysis through magnitude-based inferences. During the highest training load, likely to possibly small, moderate decreases in time in bed (effect sizes; ±90% confidence limits: −0.42; ±0.44 for session rating of perceived exertion [sRPE], −0.69; ±0.71 for total distance covered [TDC]) and total sleep time (−0.20; ±0.37 for sRPE, −0.23; ±0.35 for TDC) were found. Possibly small (−0.21; ±0.35 for high-speed distance, −0.52; ±0.73 for acceleration/deceleration [A/D]) and likely moderate (−074; ±0.67 for TDC) decreases were observed in subjective sleep quality. Possibly small to very likely moderate changes in sleep schedule were observed. Sleep quantity and subjective quality seem to be deteriorated during higher loads of training. This study highlights the necessity to monitor and improve sleep among elite rugby sevens players, especially for the intense period of training.
Effect of a Supplementary Periodized Complex Strength Training and Tapering Period on Postactivation Potentiation of Sport-Specific Explosive Performance in Adolescent National-Level Fencers
Authors: Kontochristopoulos Nikolaos , Bogdanis Gregory C. , Paradisis Giorgos , Tsolakis Charilaos 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Kontochristopoulos, N, Bogdanis, GC, Paradisis, G, and Tsolakis, C. Effect of a supplementary periodized complex strength training and tapering period on postactivation potentiation of sport-specific explosive performance in adolescent national-level fencers. J Strength Cond Res 35(6): 1662–1670, 2021—This study examined the effects of strength training and tapering on countermovement jump (CMJ), change of direction (COD), and step-lunge (SL) after a conditioning activity in adolescent fencers. Twenty fencers (age: 15.8 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to experimental (EXP, n = 10) group and control (CON, n = 10) group. EXP and CON groups performed 8 weeks of fencing training (4 times per week), while EXP group performed a supplementary strength training program twice per week, including a hypertrophy (first 2 weeks) and a complex strength training period (6 weeks). A 14-day tapering period with reduced training volume was then applied in both groups. Conditioning activity consisted of 3 × 3 seconds of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC; half-squat; knee angle = 90°), followed by either CMJ or COD or SL performance measurements in 3 different testing sessions 24 hours apart. There was no performance enhancement in all tests for both EXP and CON groups, after the conditioning MVIC before training (p > 0.05). After training, half-squat dynamic strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]) was significantly increased only in the EXP group (from 74.8 ± 20.0 to 127.0 ± 28.9 kg, p = 0.001) and maintained after tapering. After tapering, baseline CMJ height was significantly increased only in the EXP group (from 27.2 ± 4.6 to 30.9 ± 3.8 cm, p = 0.003). Contrary to our hypothesis, the increase in 1RM and CMJ was not followed by a postactivation potentiation enhancement in all tests (p > 0.05), possibly because of the relatively low strength and jumping performance of fencers. Thus, adolescent high-level fencers do not exhibit a performance increase after MVIC, and this was not modified by the supplementary strength training protocol used.