bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Eastlake Laura 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter presents the theoretical and methodological approaches used in the book as a whole before identifying in the works of early Victorian writers like Thomas Arnold, John Stuart Mill, and Thomas Babington Macaulay a sense of the privileged insight of the Victorian male into the ancient Roman past. Yet despite the self-confident bombast of such writers on the modernity and liberality of the age, the nineteenth century also experienced unprecedented social, cultural and educational changes which resulted in the fragmenting of masculine identities. It therefore theorizes a way of understanding Rome as a contested space, with an array of possible scripts and narratives that could be harnessed to frame models of masculine ideality, or to vilify perceived deviance from those ideals, and allows for an understanding of masculinity as being rooted in the power of reception.
Characterization of hop-and-sink daphniid locomotion
Authors: Skipper A N , Murphy D W , Webster D R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study characterizes the hop-and-sink locomotion of Daphnia magna, a zooplankton species widely studied in a variety of biological fields. Time-resolved tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) is used to obtain 3D kinematics and flow field data with high spatial and temporal resolution. The kinematics data show that the daphniid’s velocity quickly increases during the power stroke, reaching maximum accelerations of 1000 body lengths/s2, then decelerates during the recovery stroke to a steady sinking speed. The hop-and-sink locomotion produces a viscous vortex ring located under each second antennae. These flow structures develop during the power stroke, strengthen during the recovery stroke, and then decay slowly during the sinking phase. The time records of vortex circulation are self-similar when properly normalized. The flow fields were successfully modeled using an impulsive stresslet, showing good agreement between the decay of circulation and a conceptual model of the impulse. While no relationships were found between kinematics or flow field parameters and body size, the total energy dissipated by the daphniid hop-and-sink motion was found to scale exponentially with the vortex strength.
The reach and effectiveness of SIPsmartER when implemented by rural public health departments: a pilot dissemination and implementation trial to reduce sugar-sweetened beverages
Authors: Zoellner Jamie M , Porter Kathleen J , You Wen , Estabrooks Paul A , Perzynski Katelynn , Ray Pamela A , Cantrell Eleanor S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
SIPsmartER is a theory-based, 6-month, multi-component health literacy intervention shown to improve sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) behaviors among adults in rural, southwest Virginia. The objective of this pilot trial was to understand the reach and effectiveness of SIPsmartER when delivered by existing staff in public health practice settings. This pre-post research design was conducted in partnership with four medically underserved southwest Virginia Department of Health (VDH) districts. Validated measures and standardized data collection techniques were used. Analyses included descriptive statistics and multilevel mixed-effects linear regressions models. Of 928 individuals screened, 586 (63%) were eligible and 117 (20% of eligible) enrolled in SIPsmartER (79% retained). The sample was majority female (71%) and white (94%) and had ≤high school education (59%) and an annual income of approximately $12,500. Relative to the county population, the enrolled study sample was representative for age and race, yet underrepresented for men and overrepresented for low income and low educational attainment. Significant improvements from baseline to 6 months were observed for the primary SSB outcome (−403 [confidence interval [CI] = −528, −278] SSB kcals/day) (p &lt; .001). SSB-related attitudes, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intentions, and media literacy also significantly improved (all p &lt; .05). SIPsmartER appears to be promising for VDH and potentially other health departments in medically underserved areas. When compared to the previous effectiveness trial, existing VDH staff achieved similar reach and effectiveness for some, but not all, outcomes. Future work is needed on methods to support health departments in developing strategies to reach new participants and to integrate SIPsmartER into sustained practice.
Drought impacts on tree phloem: from cell-level responses to ecological significance
Authors: Salmon Yann , Dietrich Lars , Sevanto Sanna , Hölttä Teemu , Dannoura Masako , Epron Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOn-going climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress across large areas worldwide. Such drought events decrease ecosystem productivity and have been increasingly linked to tree mortality. Understanding how trees respond to water shortage is key to predicting the future of ecosystem functions. Phloem is at the core of the tree functions, moving resources such as non-structural carbohydrates, nutrients, and defence and information molecules across the whole plant. Phloem function and ability to transport resources is tightly controlled by the balance of carbon and water fluxes within the tree. As such, drought is expected to impact phloem function by decreasing the amount of available water and new photoassimilates. Yet, the effect of drought on the phloem has received surprisingly little attention in the last decades. Here we review existing knowledge on drought impacts on phloem transport from loading and unloading processes at cellular level to possible effects on long-distance transport and consequences to ecosystems via ecophysiological feedbacks. We also point to new research frontiers that need to be explored to improve our understanding of phloem function under drought. In particular, we show how phloem transport is affected differently by increasing drought intensity, from no response to a slowdown, and explore how severe drought might actually disrupt the phloem transport enough to threaten tree survival. Because transport of resources affects other organisms interacting with the tree, we also review the ecological consequences of phloem response to drought and especially predatory, mutualistic and competitive relations. Finally, as phloem is the main path for carbon from sources to sink, we show how drought can affect biogeochemical cycles through changes in phloem transport. Overall, existing knowledge is consistent with the hypotheses that phloem response to drought matters for understanding tree and ecosystem function. However, future research on a large range of species and ecosystems is urgently needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the question.
Climate variability impacts on diversification processes in a biodiversity hotspot: a phylogeography of ancient pseudoscorpions in south-western Australia
Authors: Harms Danilo , Roberts J Dale , Harvey Mark S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The south-western division of Australia is the only biodiversity hotspot in Australia and is well-known for extreme levels of local endemism. Climate change has been identified as a key threat for flora and fauna, but very few data are presently available to evaluate its impact on invertebrate fauna. Here, we derive a molecular phylogeography for pseudoscorpions of the genus Pseudotyrannochthonius that in the south-west are restricted to regions with the highest rainfall. A dated molecular phylogeny derived from six gene fragments is used for biogeographic reconstruction analyses, spatial mapping, environmental niche-modelling, and to infer putative species. Phylogenetic analyses uncover nine clades with mostly allopatric distributions and often small linear ranges between 0.5 and 130 km. Molecular dating suggests that the origins of contemporary diversity fall into a period of warm/humid Palaeogene climates, but splits in the phylogeny coincide with major environmental shifts, such as significant global cooling during the Middle Miocene. By testing several models of historical biogeography available for the south-west, we determine that Pseudotyrannochthonius is an ancient relict lineage that principally follows a model of allopatric speciation in mesic zone refugia, although there are derivations from this model in that some species are older and distribution patterns more complex than expected. Ecological niche models indicate that drier and warmer future climates will lead to range contraction towards refugia of highest rainfall, probably mimicking past variations that have generated high diversity in these areas. Their conservation management will be crucial for preserving the unique biodiversity heritage of the south-west.
Salvage of failed trapeziectomy, ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition with suture button suspensionplasty for basilar joint arthritis
Authors: Yang Kai , Graf Alexander , Kim Nicholas , Sanger James , Matloub Hani 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Thumb basilar joint arthritis is a common pathology treated by hand surgeons. Trapeziectomy followed by various reconstructive techniques have been described; however, treatment options after failed primary trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction (LRTI) with painful subsidence are not well studied. Suture button suspensionplasty has emerged as a new primary reconstructive procedure in recent years. We aim to report our experience of using suture button suspensionplasty as a salvage procedure for patients presenting with recurrent painful subsidence after primary surgical intervention.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing suture button suspensionplasty between 2016-2017 was performed. Patients who had the procedure after failed primary trapeziectomy and LRTI were included in the study. Patient demographic data, diagnostic imaging, clinical presentation, operative details, surgical pathology, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Results:
Thirty-two button suspensionplasties were performed in the 2-year span. Five patients underwent surgery for failure of previous trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction. All patients had Eaton stage III arthritis at original presentation. The average age was 59 yr. Average follow-up was 13 mo (11-18 mo). All patients reported significant improvement in pain and hand function after revision surgery. One patient had a second revision surgery because of failure of the first revision secondary to a fall. Postoperative Disabilities of Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score range from 13.3 to 25, with an average of 19.8.

Conclusions:
Suture button suspensionplasty is a viable option for patients who present with painful subsidence after failure of primary surgical intervention for basilar joint arthritis.
The core pattern of Chinese herbal formulae and drug–herb concurrent usage in patients with dementia
Authors: Lin Shun-Ku , Tzeng Jeng-Nan , Lai Jung-Nien 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
More than 40% dementia patients received traditional Chinese Medicine treatment. However, the prescription pattern of Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) for treating neurocognitive or behavioral disorders in patients with dementia has not been elucidated. This large-scale survey aimed is to evaluate core patterns of CHF and drug–herb concurrent use in patients with dementia.
We analyzed patients with a diagnosis of dementia from one million cohorts of the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in the National Health Insurance Research Database, between 1997 and 2008. Of 18,141 newly diagnosed dementia patients, 3471 patients received CHF for mental and nervous system diseases. There were 13,254 outpatient visits, with 60,968 formulae prescriptions. We calculate the frequency and proportion of combined use, identify drug–herb concurrent usage, and determine core prescription patterns. Also, we drew network graphs of co-prescription pairs which occurred more than 200 times.
Chinese medicine prescription patterns changed as dementia progressed.
During the first 3 years after the diagnosis of dementia, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Gan-Mai-Da-Zao-Tang, and Ban-Xia-Bai-Zhu-Tian-Ma-Tang were the core CHF prescribed for mental and nervous system disorders. However, during the later stages of dementia, Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang, Gui-Pi-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, and Wen-Dan-Tang were the core CHF prescribed. Benzodiazepines were the most common sedative drugs combined with traditional Chinese formulae.
The results of this study suggest that TCM prescription were different in various stages of dementia, and indicated the frequently combined use of the TCM formulae and Benzodiazepines in dementia care.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 2887 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Chun-yan , Li Shengmian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to estimate the survival rate characteristics of 2887 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients in the single-center and identify useful prognostic factors to help in the clinical management of patients with HCC.
Two thousand eight hundred eighty-seven patients diagnosed with HCC at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, between January 2002 and December 2015 were involved.
The causes and baseline characteristics were summarized. Median survival time was 9.0 (20.0) months. Overall, HCC patients showed 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates equal to 49.3%, 35.3%, 26.6%, and19.5% respectively. The median survival time of HCC patients first hospitalized in 2009 to 2015 was higher than those in 2002 to 2008. The results showed that the Barcelona clinic liver cancer (BCLC) stage and Tumor size were independent prognostic factors to HCC patients.
The survival rate of HCC patients has increased in recent years, but the overall survival rate and the prognosis were poor.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on in-hospital mortality of ischemic stroke patients and identification of promoting factors of atrial thrombi – Results from the German nationwide inpatient sample and a single-center retrospective cohort
Authors: Keller Karsten , Geyer Martin , Münzel Thomas , Ostad Mir Abolfazl , Gori Tommaso 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a well-recognized risk factor for ischemic stroke.
We aimed to investigate the impact of AF on in-hospital mortality of ischemic stroke patients and to identify parameters associated with intra-cardiac thrombogenic material.
Patients were selected by screening the nationwide sample for ischemic stroke by ICD-Code (I63), stratified for AF. In this cohort, the association between in-hospital deaths and AF was investigated.
In a second study, we performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for various reasons, assigned these to 2 groups based on the heart-rhythm (sinus-rhythm [SR] vs AF) and examined associations between clinical and echocardiographic parameters and intra-cardiac thrombogenic material.
The Nationwide sample comprised 292,401 inpatients (48.5% females) with ischemic stroke. Incidence was 360 per 100,000 citizens, with an age-dependent increase. In-hospital mortality rate was 8.2%; AF patients had 1.85-fold higher mortality rate (12.1% vs 6.5%).
In the retrospective study, 219 patients (median age 67 [59.1–77.3] years, 39.3% females) were included: 115 patients with AF (median age 71 [59.0–78.0] years, 41.7% females) and 104 patients (median age 68 [56.3–76.8] years, 36.5% females) with SR. Solid thrombus or spontaneous-echo-contrast) was detected in 16 TEEs. Atrial dimensions were significantly enlarged in AF patients. Age, blood-flow velocity in LAA, LAA diameters, atrial areas, AF, and CHA2DS2-VASc-score were associated with thrombogenic material.
Incidence of ischemic stroke increased with age. AF was connected with higher stroke mortality. Presence of intra-cardiac thrombogenic material was associated with AF and most CHA2DS2-VASc-score factors. AF was associated with larger atrial dimensions and larger cavities favored thrombogenic material.
Association of BAX hypermethylation with coronary heart disease is specific to individuals aged over 70
Authors: Zhang Limei , Ji Huihui , Huang Yi , Hu Haochang , Li Bin , Yang Yong , Yu Hang , Chen Xiaoying , Li Wenxia , Liu Fang , Wang Shi , Wang Chunming , Chen Ke , Bao Yingchun , Liu Haibo , Duan Shiwei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
As a member of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) gene family, BCL-2 associated X (BAX) is important for cell apoptosis. In this work, we investigated the association of BAX promoter DNA methylation with coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han Chinese.

Methods:
A SYBR green-based quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP) was used to test BAX methylation levels in 959 CHD cases and 514 controls.

Results:
Although BAX methylation was not associated with CHD in the total samples, further breakdown analysis by age showed that BAX hypermethylation was significantly associated with CHD for individuals aged over 70 (median percentage of methylation ratio [PMR], 10.70% in cases versus (vs) 2.25% in controls, P =.046). Moreover, BAX methylation was associated with smoking and lipoprotein A (Lp(a)) for individuals aged over 70 (CHD: smoking P = .012, Lp(a) P = .001; non-CHD: smoking P = .051, Lp(a) P = .004). Further analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data showed BAX expression was upregulated by 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine demethylation agent (fold = 1.66, P = .038) and inversely correlated with BAX methylation (r = −0.428, P = 8E-05).

Conclusions:
Our study supported that BAX hypermethylation might contribute to CHD risk via downregulation of BAX expression for individuals aged over 70.
Primary plasmablastic plasmacytoma in the stomach of an immunocompetent adult
Authors: Ding Wei , Tan Yulin , Qian Yan , Xue Wenbo , Wang Yibo , Xi Cheng , Gu Kefeng , Xu Yixin , Xu Xuezhong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) are tumors composed by a monoclonal population of plasma cells that arise in extraosseus tissues, occupying <5% of all plasma cell neoplasms. Gastrointestinal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma is rare, just comprises about 5% of all EMPs. The most common site is small intestine. The gastric incidence is much rare and especially the plasmablastic plasmacytoma in the stomach.

Patient concerns:
A 65-year-old man had an epigastric discomfort and mass for about 2 months. Gastroscopy revealed a malignant tumor in the gastric body. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) showed that the gastric cavity was filled, and the irregular soft tissue shadow was seen in the greater curvature, and the enhancement was obvious. To get more tissue, we conducted stomach puncture biopsy. Pathology showed small-round cell malignant tumors. And immunohistochemical examinations revealed that the tumor tend to be a plasma cell tumor.

Diagnosis:
Gastric plasma cell tumor.

Interventions:
Distal gastrectomy was performed to treat the tumor.

Outcomes:
In addition to ascites caused by hypoproteinemia, there were no postoperative complications. Postoperative pathologic report showed plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Histopathologic examination of the specimen revealed plasmablastic plasmacytoma originating in the stomach with transmural extension, but without lymph node metastasis. The patient is regularly followed up at a postoperative clinic and is doing well, and at present there is no plan for adjuvant treatment.

Lessons:
Surgical resection is good option for gastrointestinal EMP.
Melatonin for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease; protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Yang Young Joo , Baik Gwang Ho 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Melatonin generated in the gastrointestinal tract has mucosal protective effect with inhibiting gastric acid secretion, while increasing gastrin release, which in turn stimulates the contractility of lower esophageal sphincter. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is also known to have association with sleep disturbance. However, melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist has not been included in the treatment of GERD. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin for the treatment of GERD.

Methods:
We will search the core databases [MEDLINE (through PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and Embase] from their inception to December 2018 by 2 independent evaluators. The P.I.C.O. is as follows; Patients: who have GERD, Intervention: melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist treatment, Comparison: patients without melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist treatment, Outcome: clinical indices (or crude number or proportion of improvement) for the evaluation of symptomatic improvement which enable comparison of efficacy between patients with melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist and the control group. All types of study design will be sought with full-text will be included. The risk of bias will be assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Descriptive data synthesis is planned and quantitative synthesis will be used if the included studies are sufficiently homogenous. Publication bias will be assessed with quantitative analyses if more than 10 articles are enrolled.

Results:
The results will provide evidence for the efficacy of melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist for the treatment of GERD.

Conclusion:
This study will provide evidence of melatonin or melatonin receptor agonist treatment for GERD.
Left ventricular deformation in relation to the geometric pattern in hypertensive patients
Authors: Xu Ting-Yan , Yang Yan , Li Jing-Jing , Li Yan , Wang Ji-Guang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate left ventricular deformation in relation to the geometric pattern in hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).
Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 80 hypertensive patients and 50 age- and gender-matched normotensive subjects. Left ventricular geometric pattern was defined according to left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness as normal geometry, concentric remodeling, concentric hypertrophy, and eccentric hypertrophy, respectively. Quantitative measurements of longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain were performed for endocardial, middle, and epicardial layers of the left ventricular wall at each segment.
The longitudinal strain in hypertension was lower for all 3 layers in concentric (n = 20) and eccentric hypertrophy (n = 20) than normotensive subjects (n = 50, P < .01). It was also significantly lower for the endocardial layer in concentric remodeling (n = 20, P = .04 vs normotensive subjects). The circumferential strain in hypertension was higher in normal geometry or concentric remodeling, lower in concentric hypertrophy, and at similar level in eccentric hypertrophy, in comparison with normotensive subjects. The difference from normotensive subjects was statistically significant for the endocardial and middle layers in normal geometry (P < .03), for the endocardial layer in concentric remodeling (P < .02), and for the middle and epicardial layers in concentric hypertrophy (P≤.001). The radial strain and twist did not differ between normotensive and hypertensive subjects (P > .08).
Left ventricular deformation in hypertension occurs with various geometric patterns disproportionately in the endocardial, middle and epicardial layers and differently in the longitudinal and circumferential orientations.