bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward measuring biogeochemistry within the stream‐groundwater interface at the network scale: An initial assessment of two spatial sampling strategies
Authors: Lee‐Cullin J. A. , Zarnetske J. P. , Ruhala S. S. , Plont S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is important to understand how point measurements across spatially heterogeneous ecosystems are scaled to represent these systems. Stream biogeochemistry presents an illustrative example because water quality concerns within stream networks and recipient water bodies motivate heterogeneous watershed studies. Measurements of the stream water‐groundwater (SW‐GW) interface (i.e., the shallow stream subsurface) are well‐documented for point‐scale sampling density measurements (i.e., cm2–m2 features), but poorly characterized for network‐scale sampling density measurements (i.e., km2; stream reaches and networks). Sampling the SW‐GW interface is more time and labor intensive than surface water sampling, meaning sample point selection must be made with care for network‐scale analyses. In this study, we endeavor to determine which of two common spatial sampling schemes is appropriate for characterizing SW‐GW interface biogeochemistry across a third‐order stream network, focusing on dissolved organic carbon. The first scheme, called Local Sampling, focuses on characterizing small‐scale (< 10 m2) variability produced by the local physical and biogeochemical heterogeneity, with fewer points across the stream network. The second scheme, called Longitudinal Sampling, has approximately the same number of measurements distributed over many more points across the stream network with less local variability characterization. This comparison reveals that selection of a Local Sampling versus a Longitudinal Sampling scheme influences the biogeochemical pattern interpretation at the stream network scale. Additionally, this study found that increasing observation efforts at the local scale added limited information for reach‐ to network‐scale biogeochemical patterns, suggesting that emphasis should be placed on characterizing variability across broader spatial scales with the Longitudinal Sampling approach.
Is cash always king? Bundling product–cause fit and product type in cause‐related marketing
Authors: Chang Chun‐Tuan , Chen Pei‐Chi , (Marcos) Chu Xing‐Yu , Kung Ming‐Tsung , Huang Yi‐Feng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn traditional cause‐related marketing (CRM) campaigns, companies support a cause by donating a portion of the proceeds from product sales (i.e., monetary giving). Recently, some companies have used the funds to buy something or just donate their own products for the beneficiaries (i.e., nonmonetary giving). We compare these two giving styles along with two moderators: product–cause fit and product type. Three experiments with various sampling methods (mall intercept data and online pool) and donation information (percentage of sales price, the amount of the product price, or one‐for‐one campaign) are conducted to enhance the robustness of the results. Study 1 shows that when the product and the cause fit well together, the nonmonetary giving strategy evokes a more positive consumer attitude and a stronger purchase intention than does the monetary giving strategy. When the product–cause fit is low, the opposite holds true. Studies 2 and 3 consider product type and product–cause fit simultaneously. When the product–cause fit is high, nonmonetary giving is more effective than monetary giving, regardless of the product type. On the other hand, when the product–cause fit is low, nonmonetary giving is more effective in promoting utilitarian products, but monetary giving is more effective in promoting hedonic products. In Study 3, consumer attributions regarding the company's motives for making the donation (i.e., inferred motives) is used to explain the underlying mechanism.
Celebrity versus film persona endorsements: Examining the effect of celebrity transgressions on consumer judgments
Authors: Kennedy Amanda , Baxter Stacey M. , Ilicic Jasmina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study introduces film personas (e.g., Hermione Granger, Jack Sparrow, Bridget Jones) as effective brand endorsers. A three study, mixed‐method approach is used. Results show that a film persona (e.g., Legolas, from Lord of The Rings, vs. celebrity,
Orlando Bloom) is a more (less) effective endorser (i.e., resulting in more positive attitudinal and behavioral judgments). Exploratory findings indicate that this may be due to film personas possessing a tight (vast) association set, which is more (less) easily transferred onto the endorsed brand. Results of this study also illustrate that endorsed brands are shielded from the negative effects of celebrity transgressions when they are featured as their film persona in an endorsement. This study has important implications for advertisers in the choice and execution of their advertisements featuring celebrities.
Quality improvement of clinic flow for complex genetic conditions: Using Ehlers–Danlos syndrome as a model
Authors: Prakash Preeti , Eble Tanya N. , Dhar Shweta U. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundGenetic providers face the challenge of having adequate time to conduct a comprehensive evaluation. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos (hEDS) syndrome has a complex array of symptoms. An initial visit can involve approximately 60–80 min and an additional 45 min for the check‐in and checkout process. We propose a model to improve clinic flow and patient satisfaction by using: (a) pre‐appointment questionnaire (b) disease information sheet outlining basic management and (c) itinerary detailing the visit.MethodsNew patients were given a questionnaire, an EDS information sheet, and a visit itinerary. In the end, a patient satisfaction survey was administered containing 18 questions pertaining to their satisfaction with the questionnaire, the information sheet, and their overall visit. Completed surveys were turned in to the front desk to maintain anonymity.ResultsBased on the survey results, patient satisfaction toward the implementation of a questionnaire was overwhelmingly positive. Survey responders found that the itinerary was added to their understanding of the appointment process and that the hEDS information sheets were helpful, understandable, and appropriate in length. Respondents said that they strongly agreed or agreed with the following statements: (a) I was satisfied with the visit; (b) I now have a better understanding of my condition; (c) This visit was successful in addressing my most pressing concerns; and (d) I would recommend this clinic to others.ConclusionDesigning a disease‐centered model that implements patient‐centered resources improves patient understanding and satisfaction for new hEDS patient visits. This model can be emulated in diagnosis and management of other complex genetic and nongenetic conditions.
A novel large germ line deletion in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Pouya Farzaneh , Mojtabanezhad Shariatpanahi Afsaneh , Ghaffarzadegan Kamran , Tabatabaee Yazdi Seyed Abbas , Golmohammadzadeh Hamed , Soltani Ghodratollah , Aminian Toosi Kian , Kerachian Mohammad Amin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundFamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a familial colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the development of numerous colorectal polyps, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. FAP is caused by germ line mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Here, we described the identification of a causative APC gene deletion associated with FAP in an Iranian family.MethodsDiagnosis of FAP was based on clinical findings, family history, and medical records (colonoscopy and histopathological data) after the patients were referred to Reza Radiotherapy and Oncology Center, Iran, for colonoscopy. Blood samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. APC mutation screening was conducted by target next‐generation sequencing and quantitative real‐time PCR.ResultsA novel heterozygous large deletion mutation, c.(135+1_136–1)_(*2113+1_*2114–1) spanning exon 3 to 16 [EX3_16 DEL] of APC gene (GenBank Accession# MG712911), was detected in a proband and all her affected relatives in five generations, which was absent in unaffected family members and normal controls.ConclusionsThis novel deletion is the first report, describing the largest deletion of APC gene. Our novel finding contributes to a more comprehensive database of germ line mutations of APC gene that could be used in medical practice for the molecular diagnosis, risk assessment susceptibility of the disease for the FAP patients.
Dysmenorrhoea among students aged 18–45 years attending University in Uganda: A cross‐sectional multicenter study of three Universities in Uganda
Authors: Nakame Rose Mary , Kiwanuka Frank , Robert Afayo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimDysmenorrhoea presents as pain associated with menstruation. It is often an issue discussed privately, yet it continues to affect girls and women with grave impact on their education, social activities and work. This study sought to assess the factors associated with dysmenorrhoea among female students aged 18–45 years in three selected universities in Kampala Capital city, Uganda.Design and MethodsThe study was a cross‐sectional study conducted among 351 female students of three Universities in Kampala, Uganda. Purposive sampling methods were used. A self‐administered questionnaire was used for data collection, a 95% confidence interval was considered and analysis was done using SPSS version 20.ResultsRespondents (N = 351) fully completed the study out of 383 invited participants. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 75.8%. Associated factors included having children (p < 0.05), daily consumption of sugary foods (p < 0.05) and family history of dysmenorrhoea (p < 0.01).ConclusionAs nursing professionals, we believe comfort is a fundamental determinant of health. Therefore, evidence suggesting a high prevalence of dysmenorrhoea as revealed in this study is concerning. We recommend schools to have school clinics and school nurses who could help students during such days of discomfort. Further studies assessing the casual relationships of various correlates to dysmenorrhoea and the impact of dysmenorrhoea specifically on academic life of the students should be conducted.
Synthesis and optical properties of novel soluble and optically transparent semifluorinated poly (ether imide)s
Authors: Li Linshuang , Xu Yong , Che Jianfei , Ye Zhifeng 
Published: September 2018

A fluorinated diamine monomer containing flexible ether linkage and bulky trifluoromethyl substituents, namely, bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenyl) ether (a), is employed to react with nonfluorinated 1,4‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy) benzene dianhydride (3) and CF3‐free 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl] propane dianhydride (4), respectively, to prepare 2 novel soluble and optically transparent semi‐fluorinated poly (ether imide)s (PEIs; 3a and 4a). Compared with the corresponding PEIs based on nonfluorinated 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (b) and CF3‐free pyromellitic dianhydride (5), the novel semifluorinated PEIs 3a and 4a not only display better solubility in some organic solvents and higher optical transparency with cutoff absorption wavelength (λ0) below 370 nm but also maintain outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability. 3a and 4a have tensile strength beyond 80 MPa and possess glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) beyond 210°C, coupled with the temperatures of 5% weight loss (T5%) exceeding 500°C. It is also found that 3a and 4a exhibit contact angles against water beyond 110° and water absorptions below 0.8% together with dielectric constants less than 3.2.
Is hepatocellular carcinoma the same disease in children and adults? Comparison of histology, molecular background, and treatment in pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Weeda V. B. , Aronson D. C. , Verheij J. , Lamers W. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPediatric hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare, resulting in scattered knowledge of tumor biology and molecular background. Thus far, the variant in children has been treated as a different entity from adult HCC. We weigh the hypothesis that HCC in the pediatric and adult groups may be the same entity and may benefit from the same treatment. Although certain differences between adult and pediatric HCC are obvious and certain types of HCC may ask for a customized approach, in conventional HCC, similarities predominate, warranting treatment aiming at common molecular targets in adult and pediatric HCC patients.
Compositionally Biased Dark Matter in the Protein Universe
Authors: Harrison Paul M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCompositionally biased regions (BRs) occur when a few amino‐acid types are enriched in a protein segment. There are possibly BR types in the known protein universe that have not been characterized experimentally. The UniProt protein database has been surveyed for evidence of such compositionally ‘‘dark matter’’. A ‘‘dark biased region’’ (DBR) is defined as a biased region with low probability of being an individual structural domain or intrinsically disordered region. The bias annotation program fLPS is used to generate a list of >13 million BRs, which is then thoroughly filtered for structure and intrinsic disorder. About a third of BRs (31%) has both substantial intrinsic disorder and structure. After filtering, there are ≈0.9 million DBRs (≈7% of the original BRs in ≈1.4% of proteins). These DBRs are hugely enriched in eukaryotes and hugely depleted in bacteria. They tend to be more hydrophobic than other protein regions, but are made of less extreme combinations of hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues. Given varying assumptions, It has been estimated that how many DBRs there might be for the high bias levels examined (with p‐values < 1 × 10–06), deriving a reasonable range of 0.7–7.2% of proteins having such DBRs. Hypotheses are examined about what such DBRs might be, that is, that they are from un‐ or undersampled domain/region categories or are unappreciated categories somewhat like existing ones.
Updates of the In‐Gel Digestion Method for Protein Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Goodman Jennifer K. , Zampronio Cleidiane G. , Jones Alexandra M. E. , Hernandez‐Fernaud Juan R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe in‐gel digestion of proteins for analysis by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry has been used since the early 1990s. Although several improvements have contributed to increasing the quality of the data obtained, many recent publications still use sub‐optimal approaches. Updates of the in‐gel digestion protocol has been presented in the study. It has been shown that alternative reducing, alkylating agent reactions, and tryptic digestion buffers increase peptide and protein identification and reduce incubation times. The results indicate that a simultaneous and short, high temperature reduction and alkylation reaction using Tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride and chloroacetamide with a subsequent gel wash improve protein identification and sequence coverage, and diminish peptide side reactions. Additionally, use of 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)piperazine‐1‐ethanesulfonic acid buffer allows a significant reduction in the digestion time improving trypsin performance and increasing the peptide recovery. The updates of the in‐gel digestion protocol described here are efficient and offer flexibility to be incorporated in any proteomic laboratory.
Clinical outcomes in U.S. infants with cystic fibrosis from 2001 to 2012
Authors: Hoch Heather , Sontag Marci K. , Scarbro Sharon , Juarez‐Colunga Elizabeth , McLean Cindie , Kempe Allison , Sagel Scott D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAll 50 United States implemented newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) by 2010. The purpose of this study was to evaluate trends over the decade when NBS became universal to determine current rates of malnutrition, stunting, and infection rates in U.S. infants with CF.MethodsAnnual data were obtained on infants with CF up to 24 months of age diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 in the CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR), in both the years of and after diagnosis, including method of diagnosis, demographics, and growth parameters and microbiology.ResultsData were obtained on 8178 infants diagnosed with CF. The percentage of infants diagnosed by NBS increased from 15% in 2001‐83% in 2012 (P < 0.001). Mean weight, length, and weight‐for‐length z‐scores in the year of diagnosis increased from 2001 to 2012 (Wt z‐score 2001: −1.32 (SD 1.41), 2012: −0.72 (SD 1.12); Ht z‐score 2001: −1.32 (SD 1.57), 2012 −0.60 (SD 1.21); Wt/Ht Z score 2001: −0.54 (SD 1.18), 2012: 0.06 (SD 1.05); P < 0.001 for each). The proportion of infants on pancreatic enzymes decreased from 94% in 2001‐83% in 2012 (P < 0.0001). Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture positivity in the diagnosis year decreased significantly (27% in 2001, 15% in 2012, P < 0.001).ConclusionsNationwide implementation of CF NBS is temporally associated with significant improvements in growth outcomes and reductions in P. aeruginosa infections. Current rates of malnutrition, stunting, and airway infection present a target for early intervention and quality improvement efforts.
Internal migration dynamics in Spain: Winners and losers from the recent economic recession
Authors: Hierro María , Maza Adolfo , Villaverde José 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the impact of the 2008 economic crisis on the spatial distribution of interprovincial migration in Spain, with a particular focus on changes in provinces' relative attractiveness. First, the paper examines the distribution of the net migration rate across provinces over the period 2002–2013. Next, by comparing the precrisis (2002–2007) and crisis (2008–2013) periods, the paper investigates which provinces became more attractive locations for migrants during the crisis and explores some of the factors behind it. The empirical evidence unveils two key results. First, major changes took place in spatial patterns of migration flows in Spain in the wake of the 2008 recession. Second, the rich provinces that best weathered the economic downturn, especially those with a relatively small construction sector and a good performance of industry and services, became appealing destinations during the crisis.
Changing in place? Neighbourhood change and place attachment among movers and stayers in Los Angeles
Authors: Sharp Gregory 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent research on neighbourhood effects has stressed the importance of adopting a dynamic approach by incorporating residential mobility into analyses of neighbourhood change and individual outcomes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighbourhood Survey to examine how changes in residential neighbourhood conditions shape two dimensions of place attachment—neighbourhood satisfaction and neighbouring—for people who leave the neighbourhood and for residents who remain in place. Results from fixed‐effects regression models present a nuanced picture of the ways in which changing neighbourhoods intersected with residential mobility shape individuals' attachments to place. Stayers tend to become less satisfied when their neighbourhoods are becoming more disadvantaged and diverse but also when they become more residentially stable, whereas movers are more satisfied when relocating to neighbourhoods with higher levels of ethnoracial diversity. Moreover, neighbourhood fear and victimisation reduce satisfaction for both movers and stayers, but stayers' neighbouring declines in response to heightened fear whereas movers neighbour less when victimised. These findings suggest that investigations of the effects of neighbourhood change on place attachment should examine movers and stayers separately to account for differential neighbourhood selection processes.
Contextual factors and prejudice at the beginning of the migrant influx: The Moroccan case in Seville, Spain
Authors: Iglesias‐Pascual Ricardo , Paloma Virginia , García‐Ramírez Manuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies addressing contextual factors associated with anti‐immigrant prejudice have focused on out‐group size and rapid demographic changes in receiving locations. However, the territorial concentration and distribution of ethnic minorities at a local and intraurban level has received little attention. We analyse the relationship between emerging territorial concentration points—alongside other contextual variables—by Moroccans and receiving society's growing prejudice towards them in a city experiencing the start of a migrant influx. We combine survey and census data from five Seville districts (southern Spain). Our results show how rapid changes in the general population's ethnic composition, coupled with Moroccan and economic migrants' territorial concentration, correlate strongly with negative attitudes towards Moroccans at this early stage. However, a weaker relationship between the immigrant percentage and degree of prejudice by the receiving group is observed. We also discuss guidelines for ensuring good, local diversity management to prevent socioterritorial fragmentation in multicultural cities.
A statistical method to convert published response rates into marginal distributions with an example application in psoriasis
Authors: Petto Helmut , Mrowietz Ulrich , Wilhelm Stefan , Schacht Alexander 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAssessment of severity is essential for the management of chronic diseases. Continuous variables like scores obtained from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression or the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) are standard measures used in clinical trials of depression and psoriasis.In clinical trials of psoriasis, for example, the reduction of PASI from baseline in response to therapy, in particular the proportion of patients achieving at least 75%, 90%, or 100% improvement of disease (PASI 75, PASI 90, or PASI 100), is typically used to evaluate treatment efficacy. However, evaluation of the proportions of patients reaching absolute PASI values (eg, ≤1, ≤2, ≤3, or ≤5) has recently gained greater clinical interest and is increasingly being reported. When relative versus absolute scores are standard, as is the case with the PASI in psoriasis, it is difficult to compare absolute changes using existing published data. Thus, we developed a method to estimate absolute PASI levels from aggregated relative levels. This conversion method is based on a latent 2‐dimensional normal distribution for the absolute score at baseline and at a specific endpoint with a truncation to allow for baseline inclusion criterion. The model was fitted to aggregated results from simulations and from 3 phase III studies that had known absolute PASI proportions. The predictions represented the actual results quite precisely. This model might be applied to other conditions, such as depression, to estimate proportions of patients achieving an absolute low level of disease activity, given absolute values at baseline and proportions of patients achieving relative improvements at a subsequent time point.