bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of SnO2 Thin Layer with a Doping Fluorine by Sol-Gel Spin Coating Method
Authors: Muliyadi Lalu , Doyan Aris , Susilawati Susilawati , Hakim Syamsul 
Published: May 2019

A thin layer of tin oxide with doping Fluorine was synthesized using the sol-gel spin coating method. The synthesis aims to determine the quality of thin layers formed based on temperature variations and the number of layers. The basic material used is SnCl2.2H2O, while the doping material used is NH4F with variations in concentrations of dopants 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The substrate used is glass with a size of 10 x 10 x 3 mm. The synthesis of the thin layer includes substrate preparation, sol-gel making, thin film making, and heating process. At this stage SnO2:F is deposited on a glass substrate with sol-gel spin coating technique at the concentration of sol 1 M with doping levels of Fluorine 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, and treated with maturation for 24 hours. Making a thin layer using a spin coater at a speed of 2000 rpm for 3 minutes. The layer made consists of one layer, two layers, three layers and four layers. The resulting layer shows that the higher the doping percentage, the higher the transparency of the layer. In addition, the more the number of layers, the lower the transparency level. Keywords: Thin Film, Tin Oxide, Fluorine, Sol-gel, Spin Coating
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelayakan Pemberian SIM (Surat Izin Mengemudi) Kepada Pengendara Sepeda Motor Dengan Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (Studi Kasus:Polres Kab.Labuhan Batu)
Authors: Fachri Barany , Dalimunthe Jurais Al Qorni 
Published: May 2019

<p><em>Labuhan Batu District Police Station is a Resort Police office whose job is to serve the community. One of the services is the making of a driver's license. The process of making a driver's license is still done manually, such as filling out the application form and assessing the value of the driving license. The system used in the operational activities of making driving licenses is not optimal, because it is still done manually, therefore a decision support system is needed in determining the passing of the driving license exam so that the assessment process will be more objective and efficient. In that system the applicant must register first, then the applicant can take a theory and practice exam. And testers will judge based on existing criteria. The results of the assessment will be obtained by the applicant as evidence of the results of the exam. For this reason, the author applies the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method in the Decision Support System for Graduation of Driving License Tests at the LabuhanBatu District Police Station.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Manual, System, Objective, Efficient</em></p>
Perilaku mahasisawa pengguna vapor dan dampaknya pada kesehatan
Authors: Ariyani Ovi Tri , Ririanty Mury , Nafikadini Iken 
Published: May 2019

<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><em>Vapor today has became a phenomenon among the public, especially students. This is in line with the finding of Jember University students who are members of the user community vapor 4 and 3 groups that selling tools and vapor liquid in social media, especially facebook. The factors of students using the vapor is following the development of lifestyle, steam vapor generated numerous and uniqe, has the flavors, and can eliminate the addiction to conventional cigarettes. This study aims to analyze the behavior of students who use vapor and its impact on health. The research method used is qualitative with the type of phenomenological research. This research was conducted on 4 students in University of Jember. The results of this study indicate that the behavior of vapor use by first informant is determined by lack of knowledge about the impact of vapor for health, a negative attitude that considers vapor safer than cigarettes, vapor as a tool to stop smoking, and personal references especially friends and youtuber in making decisions using vapor. With the result that, the main informants will continue to use vapor because of lack of knowledge, a negative attitudes, and strong of personal references.</em>
SURVEY HIPERTENSI DAN PENCEGAHAN KOMPLIKASINYA DI WILAYAH PESISIR KECAMATAN PERCUT SEI TUAN TAHUN2018
Authors: Aidha Zuhrina , Tarigan Azhari Akmal 
Published: May 2019

<p>Penyakit tidak menular, seperti hipertensi menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat di negara berkembang. Penyakit hipertensi menjadi penyebab kematian, disebut <em>silent</em><em> killer</em><em>.</em> Penyakit ini menjadi tantangan masalah kesehatan secara global karena prevalensinya yang tinggi menyebabkan penyakit kardiovaskuler dan penyakit ginjal kronik (Mills <em>et al</em>., 2016). Prevalensi hipertensi di Propinsi Sumatera Utara mencapai 6.7% dari jumlah penduduk di Sumatera Utara, berdasarkan data Badan Litbangkes Kementerian Kesehatan. Ini berarti bahwa jumlah penduduk Sumatera Utara yang menderita hipertensi mencapai 12,42 juta jiwa tersebar di beberapa Kabupaten (Kemenkes, 2013). Kabupaten Karo salah satu jumlah hipertensi yang terbanyak, menyusul kabupaten Deli Serdang. Tahun 2016 jumlah penderita hipertensi di Kabupaten Karo sebesar 12.608 orang, prevalensi ini lebih tinggi pada jenis kelamin perempuan (52%) lelaki (48%), terbesar pada kelompok umur 55 – 59 tahun (Simbolon, 2016).</p><p>Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksploratif dengan menggunakan metode quantitative dengan pendekatan <em>quasi experiment</em>. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan intervensi. Penentuan jumlah sampel dengan cara <em>simple random sampling</em>, dan didapatkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, dan analisis t-dependen untuk mengetahui perberdaan sebelum dan setelah pelatihan.</p><p>Hasil penelitian ini, bahwa prevalensi hipertensi sebelum dan setelah dilakukan intervensi senam antistroke mengalami penurunan. Dimana sebelum diberikan intervensi tekanan darah responden di atas 180/100 mmHg, namun setelah diberi intervensi rata-rata tekanan darah responden berada pada angka 140/85 mmHg. Keluhan subjektif yang dirasakan responden sebelun dan setelah diberikan intervensi senam anti stroke mengalami perubahan. Semula keluhan berada pada tingkat berat dan sedang, seteleh diintervensi keluhan berada pada tingkat sedang dan ringan.</p>Kata Kunci: hipertensi, senam, antistroke, lansia, keluhan
Manajemen Pendidikan di Rumah Qur'an SDIT Bina Insani Muslim Jatimulya Bekasi
Authors: Elkarimah Mia Fitriah 
Published: May 2019

Background this study was the interest of researchers against the management education in the House of the Qur'an Bina Insani Muslims are hereinafter referred to as RQ BIM, which is the flagship program of the ektrakurikuler SD IT BIM. Extracurricular program was developed independently. starting from low grade to grade tingggi with allot time for 4 hours. This research aims to analyze the implementation of management education that includes planning, organizing, implementing, monitoring. Research methods the research was descriptive writers do kualitif. This research was the Chief informant RQ, head of the elementary school IT BIM, and teachers as well as other data that is still closely related to this study. engineering data retrieval is done by way of observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation.. The results of this research it can be concluded that Management RQ BIM already done but rudimentary research results showed: (1) implementation management education RQ BIM is: (a) planning; RQ BIM which has vision and mission, objectives, strategies and development plans activity. (b) organizing the learning through the delivery of the material, learning strategies, and learning methods are used by RQ BIM (c) implementation phases is that cause an organization runs, all of which involved in the organisation should strive towards the aims to conform with the planning. Based on the reality that this is has not been done well (d) supervision, observations indicate that the coordinators of the RQ usually asks and shares to the teachers about the progress of the children, and always establish the teacher’s quality. (2) factors affecting program implementation RQ BIM. (2) Factors affecting program implementation RQ BIM can be divided in two parts; which support RQ programs and inhibit it
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Kecerdasan Numerik Siswa terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Saragih Tuty Kurniawaty 
Published: May 2019

This research was experiment used survey method using Korelasional analysis techniques. Results of the study explained that the motivation of learning provide positive influence toward learning math achievements marked by the acquisition of koefesien determination R<sup>2</sup> = 0.483 of significance that 48.3% of achievement can learn math variable explained by the motivation to learn. Numerical intelligence provide positive influence toward learning math achievements marked by the acquisition of the coefficient determination R<sup>2</sup> of 0.616 has significance that 61.6% achievement learning math can be explained by the variable numeric Intelligence students. Learning motivation and numerical intelligence together gave a positive influence towards the achievements of the students learn math which is characterized by the coefficient of determination (R) 2 of 0.824 82.4% meaning the accomplishment of learning math can described by the learning motivation variables and numerical intelligence together
Türkiye’de meyve ağaçlarında ekonomik zarar meydana getiren Pseudococcid’ler (Hemiptera) ve doğal düşmanları
Authors: TELLİ Selda , YİĞİT Abdurrahman 
Published: May 2019

Meyve ağaçlarında zarar meydana getiren pseudococcid
türleri verim ve kalite kaybına yol açmaktadır. Bunların mücadelesinde geniş
etkili pestisitlerin kullanımı sonucunda yeni zararlı tür salgınları ortaya çıkmakta
ve üründe ilaç kalıntısı meydana gelmektedir. Bu yüzden unlubitlerle mücadelede
biyolojik savaş etmenlerinin rolü önemlidir. Bu derlemede ülkemizde meyve
ağaçlarında görülen zararlı unlubit türleri [Planococcus citri Risso, Planococcus
ficus Signoret, Phenacoccus aceris
Signoret, Pseudococcus comstocki Kuwana, Pseudococcus
longispinus Targioni Tozzetti, Pseudococcus
viburni Signoret, Pseudococcus
cryptus Hempel ve Nipaecoccus nipae Sulc
(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)] ve biyolojik mücadele etmenleri ile ilgili yapılan
çalışmalar derlenmiştir. Buna göre söz konusu zararlıların entegre
mücadelesinde, yerli doğal düşmanların etkilerinin arttırılmasını destekleyecek
girişimlerde bulunulmalı, karınca mücadelesi yapılmalı, yaşama ortamlarının
çeşitliliği arttırılmalı ve geniş etkili pestisit uygulamalarından kaçınılmalıdır.
Eğer kimyasal ilaç kullanımı gerekiyorsa, türe özel olan ve doğal düşmanlara
etkisi olmayan pestisitler seçilmelidir. Ortamda uygun doğal düşman türlerinin
bulunmaması durumunda, etkili doğal düşmanların başka bölgelerden getirilip
salımı yapılarak sözkonusu zararlıların yoğunluklarının düşürülmesi sağlanmalıdır.
Fatigue Fractures
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A bolt breaks along a change in cross section well below its rated capacity. An anchoring screw spins freely in place, having snapped at its first supporting thread. A motor unexpectedly disengages its load, its driveshaft having fractured near a keyway. Such failures – involving axles, leaf springs, engine rods, wing struts, bearings, gears, and more – can occur, seemingly without cause, due to vibrational fracture. Vibrational fractures begin as cracks that form under cyclic loading at nominal stresses which may be considerably lower than the yield point of the material. The fracture is proceeded by local gliding and the development of cracks along lattice planes favorably orientated with respect to the principal stress. This non-reversible process is often misleadingly called “fatigue” and presents significant challenges to engineering teams that ill-advisedly take to searching for material faults. Several examples of notch-induced vibrational fractures are presented along with guidelines for investigating their cause.
Analysis of Vibration-Related Problems
Authors: Gardner Craig , Krashes David 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A multi-million dollar, four-color printing press used to produce a major weekly magazine was breaking pinions (shouldered shafts) on rolls. The cause of fracture was cyclic fatigue. Steel quality and heat treatment met expected standards. The pinion fracture showed multiple origins indicating rotational vibration fatigue. Keeping bolts tight solved this problem. In another case, grinding machines were unable to produce surfaces of uniform quality and smoothness on steel bearing products. Measurements showed that self-excited vibrations were created when particular steels were ground. It was found that the natural frequency of the wheel truing device was the culprit. A tuned damped absorber was designed and built to modify the resonance. This eliminated the problem.
Failure Analysis of Cylinder Clamping Rods in Diesel Engines
Authors: Krishna B.V. , Verma A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the failure of cylinder clamping rods in single cylinder diesel engines. The AISI 4140 hardened and tempered steel clamping rods were failing after 200 to 250 h of operation. The fatigue failures initiated at the root of the last thread on the clamping rod that was engaged in a blind hole in the cylinder block. The failures were caused by loose tolerances on the threads that resulted in a non-uniform distribution of load. The load was concentrated on the last threads to engage, thus causing fatigue crack nucleation at the thread root and propagation until the rod broke by overload. Changing the tolerance on the threads virtually eliminated the fatigue problem.
Pump Shaft Failure
Authors: Furtado H.C. , Le May Iain 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The drive shaft on a centrifugal pump fractured after five months of operation. The fracture occurred at a packing gland inside a sleeve against which the packing material sealed. The shaft and sleeve were of duplex stainless steel. In contrast to a previous conclusion that heating had caused property deterioration resulting in embrittlement and fracture, it was concluded that the shaft must have fractured (most probably by fatigue cracking originating at the change of section) and that heating had then taken place from friction between the rotating input shaft and the remaining part attached to the pump. High temperature was thus a result, not the cause, of the failure.
Characterization of Metallic Piercings That Caused Adverse Reactions During Use
Authors: Azevedo C.R.F. , Spera G. , Silva A.P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This investigation characterizes five surgical stainless steel piercings and one niobium piercing that caused adverse reactions during use, culminating with the removal of the jewelry. Chemical composition shows that none of the materials are in accordance with ISO standards for surgical implant materials. Additionally, none of the stainless steel piercings passed the pitting-resistance criterion of ISO 5832-1, which implies that [%Cr + 3.3(%Mo)] &gt; 26. Under microscopic examination, most of the jewelry revealed the intense presence of linear irregularities on the surface. The lack of resistance to pitting corrosion associated with the poor surface finishing of the stainless steel jewelry may induce localized corrosion, promoting the release of cytotoxic metallic ions (such as Cr, Ni, and Mo) in the local tissue, which can promote several types of adverse effects in the human body, including allergic reactions. The adverse reaction to the niobium jewelry could not be directly associated with the liberation of niobium ions or the residual presence of cytotoxic elements such as Co, Ni, Mo, and Cr. The poor surface finish of the niobium jewelry seems to be the only variable of the material that may promote adverse reactions.
Discoloration of a Stainless Steel Kitchen Sink
Authors: Suess S.J. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A section from a stainless steel kitchen sink showed a round red stain on its surface after a short time in storage. Several of these sinks were stacked together and separated by felt pads while in storage, and the mating sink showed a nearly identical stain in the same area, while no stains were noted on any of the other sinks in the stack. The stain was located near one of the pads; however, no discoloration was noted at the pad location. EDS analysis showed the base metal to be austenitic stainless steel, such as type 304. FTIR analysis of the stain revealed carboxylic salts and salts of organic acids, in addition to hydroxyl functionality. The discoloration was caused by localized rusting of the sink from prolonged exposure to a chloride containing substance. The appearance suggests that the substance may actually have been a drop of perspiration (sweat) from a factory worker. Based on these findings, one of the recommendations was to use thicker pads between the sinks to allow any such liquids to dry before causing corrosion damage.
Litagation Analysis Related to a Fragmented Fishhook
Authors: Sauer J.P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Failure analysis of a fishhook that broke during retrieval is described. Although the broken hook was discarded, several companion hooks were analyzed (chemistry, microhardness, metallographic cross section, and tensile properties) as were comparable products made by other hook manufacturers. Tensile test data indicated that the companion hooks were significantly different from hooks made by other manufacturers. The hooks broke into several pieces and failed with little or no plastic deformation, while hooks made by other manufacturers plastically deformed and did not break during testing.
Bicycle Failure
Authors: Le May I. , Bagnall C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The outer tube, or stem, on a bicycle frame fractured after two years of use. Detailed investigation revealed that the lower stem bearing had been loose for some time and the bottom bearing cup contained many cracks. Metallographic examination of the chromium-plated cup confirmed the brittle nature of the cracks, located along prior austenite boundaries. The failure was attributed to hydrogen embrittlement due to improper manufacturing procedures following chromium plating. The cracking led to looseness in the bearing and consequent scoring, cracking, and overloading of the stem.
A Fracture Mechanics Based Failure Analysis of a Cold Service Pressure Vessel
Authors: Tait R.B. , Spencer D.P. , Fry P.R. , Garrett G.G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Following a fracture mechanics “fitness-for-purpose” analysis of petroleum industry cold service pressure vessels, using the British Standard PD 6493, it was realized that an analogous approach could be used for the failure analysis of a similar pressure vessel dome which had failed in service some years previously. The failed pressure vessel, with a diam of 2.5 m and several meters tall, had been made of 12 mm thick IZETT steel plate of the same type and heat treatment as used in the earlier fitness-for-purpose already measured. Examination of the fracture surfaces suggested, from fatigue striations manifested by SEM, that the vessel was subject to significant fatigue cracking, which was probably corrosion assisted. From COD measurements at the operating temperature of -130 deg C (-202 deg F), and a finite stress analysis, a fracture mechanics evaluation using BS PD6493 yielded realistic critical flaw sizes (in the range 51 to 150 mm). These sizes were consistent with the limited fracture surface observations and such flaws could well have been present in the vessel dome prior to catastrophic failure. For similar pressure vessels, an inspection program based on a leak-before-break philosophy was consequently regarded as acceptable.
Application of Fracture Mechanics to Pipeline Failure Analysis
Authors: Bradley Walter L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A natural gas pipeline explosion and subsequent fire significantly altered the pipeline steel microstructure, obscuring in part the primary cause of failure, namely, coating breakdown at a local hard spot in the steel. Chemical analysis was made on pieces cut from the portion of the pipe that did not fracture during the explosion and from piece 5-1 which contained the fracture origin site. Both pieces were found to have 0.30% carbon and 1.2% Mn with sulfur and phosphorus impurities acceptably low. Fracture mechanics analysis used in conjunction with fractographic results confirmed the existence of a very hard spot in the steel prior to the explosion, which was softened significantly in the ensuing fire. This finding allowed the micromechanism leading to fracture to be identified as hydrogen embrittlement resulting from cathodic charging.
Fracture of Tempered Leaf Springs
Authors: Naumann Friedrich Karl , Spies Ferdinand 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
U-shaped leaf springs, intended to serve as spacers between oil tank floats and the inner walls of the containers, broke while being fitted, or after a short time in use, in the bend of the U. The springs were made of tempered strip steel of type C 88 with 0.84 % C, bent at room temperature, and electroplated with cadmium for protection against corrosion. Each fracture showed seven or eight kidney-shaped cracks. At the origins of these cracks on the concave inner surface of the springs, crater-like depressions and beads of melted and resolidified material were found. Fracture of the springs was caused by stress cracks as a consequence of local hardening. The hardening caused by melting and resolidification, and therefore the cracks in the springs, was the result of a faulty procedure during cadmium electroplating.
Failure of a Steel Liquid Petroleum Gas Storage Tank
Authors: Lam M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
When a large LPG low-carbon steel storage tank was put into service for the first time and filled beyond the proof testing level, a brittle fracture crack initiated at a fillet weld between a stiffener ring and the wall. The crack propagated to a length of 5.5 m and arrested. Analysis showed that the plates satisfied the criteria of BS 4741. It was concluded that the cause of crack initiation was the lack of a mouse hole at the junction between the stiffening ring and the wall of the tank. The tank was repaired and put back in service. When it was filled beyond the proof test level, again a brittle crack was initiated at a horizontal weld defect and propagated vertically, destroying the tank and the liquefaction plant. The initiation site was a thumbnail elliptical crack in a horizontal weld, having a depth of 1.5 mm, and a length of 4.5 mm. This showed that as late the mid-1970s, misunderstanding of brittle fracture led to the wrong design and construction of an LPG storage tank. The best design specification is to use a correlation between LAST, the Lowest Anticipated Service Temperature, and the DBTT measured by either Charpy tests or DTT.