bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Species‐Specific Differences in Intracranial Volume of Tuj Sheep and Hair Goats Using Stereology and Computed Tomography Methods
Authors: Koçyiğit Ali , Kanik Betül , Demircioğlu İsmail , Demiraslan Yasin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe intracranial cavity contains vitally important organs. The brain, cerebellum, meninges and the vessels that supply these organs are located in the intracranial cavity. Therefore, it is important to learn about the intracranial cavity and to study it. However, there is limited information about the intracranial cavity in the veterinary field. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between the intracranial cavities of different species of animals by using stereology and tomography methods, volume calculations and morphometric measurements. In addition, the compatibility of the methods used with each other was investigated. In the study, six male adult goats and six male adult sheep were used. In this study, the intracranial cavities of sheep and goats were calculated by using Cavalieri's principle and 3D modelling using tomography sections. Morphometric measurements were taken over the intracranial space, and index calculations were made. In 3D models using computed tomography, the intracranial volume was 153.31 ± 24.06 cm3 in goats and 128.07 ± 7.93 cm3 in sheep. In the calculation using Cavalieri's principle, it was determined to be 152.73 ± 22.73 cm3 in goats and 126.15 ± 8.38 cm3 in sheep. As a result of the study, the MWCC (maximum width of the cranial cavity) parameter was found to be statistically significant between species (p < 0.05). The two methods used in Bland‐Altman analysis were found to be within the limits of agreement, and the methods can be alternative to each other.
Effects of Housing Systems on Production Performance, Egg Quality, Tonic Immobility and Feather Score in Laying Hens
Authors: Erek Mert , Matur Erdal 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study was designed to investigate the effects of different housing systems on production performance, egg quality and welfare in laying hens.MethodsOne hundred and twenty 42‐week‐old “Atak S” laying hens, purchased from a manufacturing company, were randomly assigned to 4 housing systems: conventional cages, furnished cages, deep‐litter system and free‐range. Each system housed 30 hens, which were kept in these systems for 6 weeks. Parameters regarding production performance, egg quality, plumage condition scores and tonic immobility were assessed at the end of the housing period.ResultsEgg production and egg mass were lower in cage‐free rearing systems than in caged systems. Mean egg weight in free‐range hens, and albumen height and Haugh unit in deep‐litter hens, were lower than in other housing systems. Eggshell weight in hens housed in furnished cages was greater than in free‐range hens, while eggshell strength was better compared to that of hens in conventional cages. The housing system did not impact fearfulness; however, the deep‐litter housing increased the sensitivity to touch or capture. Whole body and regional plumage condition scores of free‐range hens elicited more favourable results than those kept in conventional cages. Because the plumage condition indicates welfare, the results proved the superiority of free‐range over conventional rearing regarding welfare.ConclusionsConcerning the parameters, such as egg production, animal welfare and fear level, overall data revealed the pros and cons of all housing systems investigated. We consider that this study's findings might contribute to the researchers and breeders seeking alternative housing for laying hens.
Biomaterial‐Mediated Metabolic Regulation of Ferroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Yingqi , Tao Dan , Li Menghuan , Luo Zhong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFerroptosis is a lipid peroxidation‐driven cell death route and has attracted enormous interest for cancer therapy. Distinct from other forms of regulated cell death, its process is involved with multiple metabolic pathways including lipids, bioenergetics, iron, and so on, which influence cancer cell ferroptosis sensitivity and communication with the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Development of novel technologies for harnessing the ferroptosis‐associated metabolic regulatory network would profoundly improve our understanding of the immune responses and enhance the efficacy of ferroptosis‐dependent immunotherapy. Interestingly, the recent advances in bio‐derived material‐based therapeutic platforms offer novel opportunities to therapeutically modulate tumor metabolism through the in situ delivery of molecular or material cues, which not only allows the tumor‐specific elicitation of ferroptosis but also holds promise to maximize their immunostimulatory impact. In this review, we will first dissect the crosstalk between tumor metabolism and ferroptosis and its impact on the immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, followed by the comprehensive analysis on the recent progress in biomaterial‐based metabolic regulatory strategies for evoking ferroptosis‐mediated antitumor immunity. A perspective section is also provided to discuss the challenges in metabolism‐regulating biomaterials for ferroptosis‐immunotherapy. We envision that this review may provide new insights for improving tumor immunotherapeutic efficacy in the clinic.
Elemental Analysis of Particulate Matter Produced During Firework Events in the City of Rijeka, Croatia
Authors: Žauhar Gordana , Ravlić‐Gulan Jagoda , Čargonja Marija 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTParticulate matter (PM) is one of the most important air pollutants that can hurt human health. Fireworks are rare but important sources of ambient PM and can therefore lead to short‐term exposure to high concentrations of PM with potentially toxic components. For the first time in the city of Rijeka, Croatia, the characteristics of fireworks PM during 6 celebrations (New Year 2015, 2017, and 2018 and 3 football events in May 2017) were investigated and compared with the average concentrations during the surrounding period. The elemental composition of the PM samples was determined using the X‐ray fluorescence technique, where the concentrations of 15 elements from S to Pb were determined. Although the total PM concentrations were in the range of values previously measured at the same locations, the concentrations of several elements were substantially larger during the fireworks. A significant increase in concentrations was observed for K, Ti, Cr, Cu, Sr, and Ba, with the largest increase in concentration for Sr and Ba. The most noticeable increase in concentrations compared to the seasonal average was observed during the 2018 New Year's sampling when the average 8‐h concentrations were elevated as follows: 11 times for K, 14 times for Ti, 5 times for Cr, 9 times for Cu, 691 times for Sr, and 243 times for Ba. The increase in concentrations at other events where 24‐h samples were taken was present but not as pronounced and was lowest at football celebration events.
The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on the Mental and Physical Health of Sexual and Gender Minorities: A Comprehensive Review of Quantitative Research
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana , Neaman Annaliese , Ditzer Julia , Talmon Anat 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The aim of this review was to investigate the mental and physical health outcomes of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. This study addressed an existing gap in research concerning IPV outcomes among SGM populations. A systematic review was conducted through PubMed, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycNet, and manual searches on Google Scholar using specific keywords. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed publications and quantitative studies specifically assessing the impacts of IPV among SGM individuals. A total of 35 studies meeting these criteria were included in the review. Our review showed significant associations between IPV victimization and adverse mental and physical health outcomes, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation and attempts, substance use, and risky sexual behaviors among SGM individuals. IPV victimization poses mental and physical health risks for SGM populations. Our findings highlight the need for comprehensive, tailored intervention and prevention efforts that consider the diverse needs of individuals with multiple minoritized identities in the context of IPV victimization.
Bernhard Blechmann’s Body: The “Jewish Race” in Nineteenth-Century Physical Anthropology in Transnational Perspective
Authors: Kohler Noa Sophie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe dissertation “Ein Beitrag zur Anthropologie der Juden” (A Contribution to the Anthropology of the Jews) by Berhard Blechmann was the first major study in physical anthropology that focused on the examination of Jews. It has been hitherto discussed as an early example of the othering of Jews in German nineteenth-century anthropology. Based on close reading and by exploring the circumstances of its writing, this essay reclassifies the dissertation in several ways. It emerges that the work belongs in the Russian (Baltic) academic and political context, and that Blechmann was Jewish. With this new perspective, the article discusses Blechmann’s conception of what constitutes a scientific approach to anthropology and to Jews as a racial group. Moreover, it sheds light on the transnational space in which the dissertation was created and enquires into Blechmann’s self-conception as a Jew.
Exploring the Interplay of Wavelength, Quantum Yield, and Penetration Depth in In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Harel Meital , Ankri Rinat 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intricate interplay between the irradiation wavelength, the fluorophore quantum yield (QY) and penetration depth profoundly influences the efficacy of in vivo fluorescence imaging in various applications. Understanding the complex behavior of fluorescence in vivo, specifically how variations in wavelength affect the QY of commonly used dyes and the depth of imaging is crucial for optimizing fluorescence imaging techniques, as it directly impacts the accuracy and efficiency of imaging in biological tissues. In our study, we explore these dynamics through Monte Carlo simulations conducted under conditions reflective of wide-field fluorescence imaging, examining how variations in wavelength impact the dye’s QY and depth of imaging, and consequently, the fluorescence behavior. A transition in the exponential decay of the emission depth exponent is observed around the 500–600 nm range, indicating varying degrees of influence of depth on the fluorescence emission. The analysis of the fluorophore’s QY reveals wavelength-dependent variations, with the most significant impact observed in the 600–700 nm range. Moreover, we continued our investigation to explore multiplexing, unveiling insights into the spacing between identical spots in multiplexing images across various depths and wavelengths.
Childhood Maltreatment, School Social Bonds, and Dating Violence Victimization: Mediational Model Differences by Disability Status
Authors: Cho Minhae , Ombayo Bernadette , Lightfoot Elizabeth , Ihm Jungjoon 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood maltreatment (CM) and dating violence victimization (DVV) are significant social concerns with far-reaching consequences for the well-being and development of young adults. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of school social bonds (SSB) in the association between CM and DVV during young adulthood and to compare these relationships between young adults with and without disabilities.

Methods
Using a weighted sample consisting of 21.1% youth with disabilities and 78.9% youth without disabilities from the National Longitudinal Study for Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), Structural equation models (SEM) were tested for both the non-disabled and disabled groups.

Results
Results from SEM indicated a direct relationship between CM and DVV for both groups with significant path coefficients. CM had a negative influence on SSB for the disabled group. Mediation analyses underscored the significance of SSB, demonstrating that higher CM levels were associated with increased rates of DVV, while stronger SSB was correlated with a reduced risk of DVV. The indirect effect of CM on DVV through SSB was statistically significant only for young adults with disabilities.

Conclusions
This study emphasizes the importance of evidence-based policies, practices, and interventions aimed at breaking the pathways from CM to DVV by establishing positive SSB and promoting the well-being of young adults, particularly those with disabilities.
Combining Natural Language Processing with Epistemic Network Analysis to Investigate Student Knowledge Integration within an AI Dialog
Authors: Li Weiying , Chang Hsin-Yi , Bradford Allison , Gerard Libby , Linn Marcia C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we used Epistemic Network Analysis (ENA) to represent data generated by Natural Language Processing (NLP) analytics during an activity based on the Knowledge Integration (KI) framework. The activity features a web-based adaptive dialog about energy transfer in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Students write an initial explanation, respond to two adaptive prompts in the dialog, and write a revised explanation. The NLP models score the KI level of the initial and revised explanations. They also detect the ideas in the explanations and the dialog responses. The dialog uses the detected ideas to prompt students to elaborate and refine their explanations. Participants were 196 8th-grade students at a public school in the Western United States. We used ENA to represent the idea networks at each KI score level for the revised explanations. We also used ENA to analyze the idea trajectories for the initial explanation, the two dialog responses, and the final explanation. Higher KI levels were associated with more links and increased frequency of mechanistic ideas in ENA representations. Representation of the trajectories suggests that the NLP adaptive dialog helped students who started with descriptive and macroscopic ideas to add more microscopic ideas. The dialog also helped students who started with partially linked ideas to keep linking the microscopic ideas to mechanistic ideas. We discuss implications for STEM teachers and researchers who are interested in how students build on their ideas to integrate their ideas.
Branched-chain amino acids and their metabolites decrease human and rat hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Trillos-Almanza Maria Camila , Aguilar Magnolia Martinez , Buist-Homan Manon , Bomer Nils , Gomez Karla Arevalo , de Meijer Vincent E. , van Vilsteren Frederike G. I. , Blokzijl Hans , Moshage Han 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
End-stage liver diseases (ESLDs) are a significant global health challenge due to their high prevalence and severe health impacts. Despite the severe outcomes associated with ESLDs, therapeutic options remain limited. Targeting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), key drivers of extracellular matrix accumulation during liver injury presents a novel therapeutic approach. In ESLDs patients, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs, leucine, isoleucine and valine) levels are decreased, and supplementation has been proposed to attenuate liver fibrosis and improve regeneration. However, their effects on HSCs require further investigation.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of BCAAs and their metabolites, branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs), in modulating HSCs activation in human and rat models.

Methods
Primary HSCs from rats and cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic human livers, were cultured and treated with BCAAs or BCKAs to assess their effects on both preventing (from day 1 of isolation) and reversing (from day 7 of isolation) HSCs activation.

Results
In rat HSCs, leucine and BCKAs significantly reduced fibrotic markers and cell proliferation. In human HSCs, the metabolite of isoleucine decreased cell proliferation around 85% and increased the expression of branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase. The other metabolites also showed antifibrotic effects in HSCs from non-cirrhotic human livers.

Conclusion
BCAAs and their respective metabolites inhibit HSC activation with species-specific responses. Further research is needed to understand how BCAAs influence liver fibrogenesis. BCKAs supplementation could be a strategic approach for managing ESLDs, considering the nutritional status and amino acid profiles of patients.

Graphical abstract
The antifibrotic effects of BCAAs and BCKAs in various conditions are depicted for human HSCs (left) and rat HSCs (right) The symbol ‘↓’ indicates a downregulation or a decrease. α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, BCAAs branched-chain amino acids, BCKAs branched-chain keto acids, HSCs hepatic stellate cells, KMV α-keto-β-methylvalerate. Figure created with Biorender.com
The implication of TET1, miR-200, and miR-494 expression with tumor formation in colorectal cancer: through targeting Wnt signaling
Authors: Tajali Raziye , Zali Neda , Naderi Noukabadi Fatemeh , Jalili Meysam , Valinezhad Morteza , Ghasemian Farnaz , Cheraghpour Makan , Savabkar Sanaz , Nazemalhosseini Mojarad Ehsan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a diverse and multifaceted disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic changes that contribute to tumor initiation and progression. CRC pathophysiology has been linked to the deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) DNA demethylases. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of selective miRNAs (miR-200 and miR-494), TET1, and Wnt1 in colorectal polyps, actual colorectal tumors, and normal adjacent tissues. We also evaluated the effect of 5-aza cytidine on the expression level of TET1 and wnt1 in the HT29 cell line.

Materials and methods
In this study, we assessed TET1 and Wnt1 expression in 5-azacytidine-treated HT29 cells, a demethylating agent commonly used in cancer therapy. Additionally, we enrolled 114 individuals who underwent radical surgical colon resection, including 47 with cancerous tissues and 67 with polyps. We utilized qRT-PCR to measure miR-200, miR-494, TET1, and Wnt1 mRNA levels in colorectal polyps, actual colorectal tumors, and normal adjacent tissues.

Results
Our study revealed that TET1 expression was notably lower in both polyps and CRC tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue, with higher TET1 expression in tumors than polyps. We also observed significant differences in miR-200 and miR-494 expression in tumor samples compared to adjacent normal tissue. Our in vitro experiments revealed that 5-azacytidine administration increased TET1 and decreased Wnt1 expression in CRC cell lines. This suggests that DNA-demethylating drugs may have a therapeutic role in modifying TET1 and Wnt signaling in the development of CRC.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings shed light on the intricate interactions between TET1, Wnt1, and specific miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their potential implications for diagnosis and treatment.
A Systems Thinking Approach to Improving Firms’ Competitive Capabilities and Firm Performance
Authors: Siriram R. , Plessis C. Du 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research aims to establish how systems thinking (ST) can be used to develop firm competitive capabilities (CC) and improve firm performance (FP). The focus is on ST applications in the South African information and communications technology (ICT) industry. The methodology includes Structural text condensation of relevant literature combined with interviews involving a selection of participants. From the analysis, some of the key findings are that ST enables the firm to contextualize itself in the wider systems environment, which results in improvements in FP. The research stream is specifically on soft ST and its contribution to improvements in firm CC and FP. This research creates an opportunity for further research into how soft ST can be leveraged in delivering firm CC and improvements in FP. The theoretical contribution made in this paper is exploring the relationship/linkage between the different concepts of soft ST, CC and FP.
Strategic management of tax disclosure: asymmetric timeliness of tax footnote modifications
Authors: Ullmann Robert , Wörle Sophia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that qualitative disclosure contains information that facilitates the assessment of future firm outcomes. We first connect to this literature on early signals by showing that qualitative disclosure also specifically contains information about future ETR as one relevant firm outcome. Using the tax footnote from 10-K filings of all publicly traded U.S. firms over the period from 2000 to 2021, we show that year-over-year tax footnote modifications are an early signal of impending changes in ETR. When specifically considering the timeliness of this signal, we find that tax footnote modifications are associated with future changes in ETR at least three years in advance. Second, we investigate, as our main focus of analysis, asymmetry in timeliness. Here, we find that tax footnote modifications preceding increases in ETR occur relatively earlier (and are greater) than do (are) tax footnote modifications preceding decreases in ETR. We additionally use word lists to directly identify relevant underlying processes for changes in ETR and to investigate asymmetric timeliness conditional on the underlying process. Overall, our results indicate that firms strategically manage their tax disclosure in accordance with the ”accounting conservatism” hypothesis proposed by Basu (1997).
Cultural normative beliefs in the U.S. as a determinant of negative dental experiences and dental anxiety: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Geers Andrew L. , Seligman Laura D. , Pituch Keenan A. , Clemens Kelly S. , Francis Sarah , Kramer Lauren , Spotts Emily K. , Vang Michael 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDental anxiety, a predictor of both dental treatment avoidance and health outcomes, has been linked with early negative dental experiences. The causes of this relationship remain largely unexplored. This study provides a preliminary exploration of within-cultural variations of dental normative beliefs on the perception of negative dental experiences and the subsequent experience of dental anxiety in the U.S. A sample of 190 U.S. adults recruited from Amazon’s MTurk completed measures of cultural normative beliefs about oral health care, age and fear at first dental visit, history of negative dental experiences, and dental anxiety. Factor analysis yielded support for a three-factor model (daily maintenance, regular check-up, and dental treatment) of the dental cultural normative beliefs scale. Correlations and structural equation modeling found support for a previously posited theoretical model in which negative dental experiences and fear at first dental visit mediate associations between the cultural normative beliefs and dental anxiety. Most notably, cultural normative beliefs favoring a prevention orientation to dental treatment and daily maintenance of oral health predicted less fear at the first dentist visit, which in turn, related to fewer negative dental experiences and less dental anxiety. This preliminary survey suggests that dental cultural normative beliefs within the U.S. shape fear during initial dental visits. Future research should build on this initial work and explore between-cultural norm variations as well as strategies for changing cultural normative beliefs to improve perceptions of dental experiences and lessen dental anxiety.