bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships between molecular subtype, anatomical location, and extent of resection in diffuse glioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: De Leeuw Beverly I , Van Baarsen Kirsten M , Snijders Tom J , Robe Pierre A J T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The introduction of the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System has resulted in tumor groupings with improved prognostic value for diffuse glioma patients. Molecular subtype, primarily based on IDH-mutational status and 1p/19q-status, is a strong predictor of survival. It is unclear to what extent this finding may be mediated by differences in anatomical location and surgical resectability among molecular subgroups. Our aim was to elucidate possible correlations between (1) molecular subtype and anatomical location and (2) molecular subtype and extent of resection.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of literature searching for studies on molecular subtype in relation to anatomical location and extent of resection. Only original data concerning adult participants suffering from cerebral diffuse glioma were included. Studies adopting similar outcomes measures were included in our meta-analysis.

Results
In the systematic analysis for research questions 1 and 2, totals of 20 and 9 studies were included, respectively. Study findings demonstrated that IDH-mutant tumors were significantly more frequently located in the frontal lobe and less often in the temporal lobe compared with IDH-wildtype gliomas. Within the IDH-mutant group, 1p/19q-codeleted tumors were associated with more frequent frontal and less frequent temporal localization compared with 1p/19q-intact tumors. In IDH-mutant gliomas, greater extent of resection was achieved than in IDH-wildtype tumors.

Conclusions
Genetic profile of diffuse cerebral glioma influences their anatomical location and seems to affect tumor resectability.
Long-term trends in glioblastoma survival: implications for historical control groups in clinical trials
Authors: Sheikh Shehryar , Radivoyevitch Tom , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Vogelbaum Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHistorical controls continue to be used in early-phase brain tumor trials. We aim to show that historical changes in survival trends for glioblastoma (GBM) call into question the use of noncontemporary controls.MethodsWe analyzed data from 46 106 primary GBM cases from the SEER database (1998-2016). We performed trend analysis on survival outcomes (2-year survival probability, median survival, and hazard ratios) and patient characteristics (age, sex, resection extent, and treatment type).ResultsIn 2005-2016 (ie, the post–Stupp protocol era), fitting a parameter independently to each year, there was a demonstrable increase in median survival (R2 = 0.81, P < .001) and 2-year survival probability (R2 = 0.55, P = .006) for GBM. Trend analysis of the hazard ratio showed a significant time-dependent downward trend (R2 = 0.62, P = .002). When controlling, via multivariable Cox regression modeling, for age, sex, resection extent, and treatment type, there was a persistent downward trend in hazard ratios with increases in calendar time, especially in the most recent data.ConclusionContemporary GBM patients face a different overall hazard profile from their historical counterparts, which is evident in changes in measures of patient survival and parametric hazard modeling. Though there was a plateau in these measures before 2005 (pre–Stupp protocol), there is no evidence of a new plateau in recent years even when controlling for known prognostic factors (age, sex, resection extent, and treatment type), suggesting that it may be insufficient to match contemporary patients and noncontemporary controls on the basis of these factors.
Social media partnerships with patient organizations for neuro-oncology patient recruitment
Authors: Claus Elizabeth B , Feliciano Josemari , Benz Luke S , Calvocoressi Lisa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
In neuro-oncology, traditional methods of enrolling the large numbers of participants required for studies of disease etiology and treatment response are costly, labor intensive, and may not include patients in regions without tumor registries.

Methods
In the Yale Acoustic Neuroma (AN) Study and International Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) Registry, we partnered with several brain tumor patient organizations to develop social media enrollment campaigns and use web-based data collection resources at the Yale University School of Public Health to test alternative methods to enroll neuro-oncology patients for epidemiologic study.

Results
In the AN study, we enrolled 1024 patients over 2 years. Of these, 865 patients completed the online questionnaire, 697 returned written consent, 583 sent a pathology report, and 569 returned a saliva specimen. The completed 569 participants did not differ by age or treatment from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data but were more likely to be female (67% vs 52%) and white (94.8% vs 84%). Patients learned of the study through the Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) website (61.3%), ANA support group members (18%), and social media (primarily Facebook). Costs per patient enrolled were approximately 10% to 20% that of traditional registry-based enrollment methods. Results for the LGG study were similar.

Conclusions
Although additional effort will be required to ensure a diverse participant population, partnership with established patient organizations along with use of web-based technology and social media allowed for the successful enrollment of neuro-oncology patients at a fraction of the cost relative to traditional methods.
A chemical perspective on high pressure crystal structures and properties
Authors: Tse John S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The general availability of third generation synchrotron sources has ushered in a new era of high pressure research. The crystal structure of materials under compression can now be determined by X-ray diffraction using powder samples and, more recently, from multi-nano single crystal diffraction. Concurrently, these experimental advancements are accompanied by a rapid increase in computational capacity and capability, enabling the application of sophisticated quantum calculations to explore a variety of material properties. One of the early surprises is the finding that simple metallic elements do not conform to the general expectation of adopting 3D close-pack structures at high pressure. Instead, many novel open structures have been identified with no known analogues at ambient pressure. The occurrence of these structural types appears to be random with no rules governing their formation. The adoption of an open structure at high pressure suggested the presence of directional bonds. Therefore, a localized atomic hybrid orbital description of the chemical bonding may be appropriate. Here, the theoretical foundation and experimental evidence supporting this approach to the elucidation of the high pressure crystal structures of group I and II elements and polyhydrides are reviewed. It is desirable and advantageous to extend and apply established chemical principles to the study of the chemistry and chemical bonding of materials at high pressure.
Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Demeng , Wang Cun-Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive tumor and the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Current treatment strategies for HNSCC are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or combinatorial therapies. However, the overall 5-year survival rate of HNSCC patients remains at about 50%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small population among tumor cells, are able to self-renew and differentiate into different tumor cell types in a hierarchical manner, similar to normal tissue. In HNSCC, CSCs are proposed to be responsible for tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular characteristics of CSCs in HNSCC. We summarize current approaches used in the literature for identification of HNSCC CSCs, and mechanisms required for CSC regulation. We also highlight the role of CSCs in treatment failure and therapeutic targeting options for eliminating CSCs in HNSCC.
Increasing uptake of National Health Service Health Checks in primary care: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of enhanced invitation letters in Northamptonshire, England
Authors: Sallis A , Gold N , Agbebiyi A , James R J E , Berry D , Bonus A , Vlaev I , Chadborn T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Uptake of NHS Health Checks (NHSHCs) is sub-optimal. This study aimed to increase their uptake using behaviourally informed invitation letters.

Method
Patients registered with 6 general practices in Northamptonshire, England who were eligible for an NHSHC between 10 February 2014 and 31 January 2015 were randomized monthly, using a random number generator, to three trial arms: control (standard invitation), sunk costs (resources already allocated) and counterargument (against common barriers to attendance). The outcome measure was uptake of NHSHC by 12 weeks after 31 January.

Results
In total, 6331 patients were randomized. After exclusions, due to ineligibility for the NHSHC, data were analysed for N = 6313 patients: N = 2123 control; N = 2085 counterargument; N = 2105 sunk costs. Overall, 2364 (37.45%) patients attended an NHSHC. Both intervention letters increased uptake compared to control, by 5.46% using counterargument (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.32, CI 1.162–1.51, p &lt; 0.001) and 4.33% using sunk costs (AOR 1.246, CI 1.10–1.42, p &lt; 0.001), with no significant difference between the two.

Conclusion
Behaviourally informed invitation letters, containing sunk costs or counterargument messages, can improve the uptake of NHSHCs. The trial was registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registration Number Scheme (ISRCTN57110614).
Engineered chitosan for improved 3D tissue growth through Paxillin-FAK-ERK activation
Authors: Kafi Md Abdul , Aktar Khudishta , Todo Mitsugu , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Scaffold engineering has attracted significant attention for three-dimensional (3D) growth, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells in vitro. Currently available scaffolds suffer from issues such as poor ability for cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. This paper addresses these issues with 3D porous chitosan scaffold, fabricated and functionalized with cysteine-terminated Arg-Gly-Asp (Cys-RGD) tri-peptide on their walls. The study reveals that the compressive moduli of the scaffold is independent to RGD functionalization but shows dependence on the applied freezing temperature (TM) during the fabrication process. The low freezing TM (−80°C) produces scaffold with high compressive moduli (14.64 ± 1.38 kPa) and high TM (−30°C) produces scaffold with low compressive moduli (5.6 ± 0.38 kPa). The Cys-RGD functionalized scaffolds lead to significant improvements in adhesion (150%) and proliferation (300%) of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC). The RGD-integrin coupling activates the focal adhesion signaling (Paxillin-FAK-ERK) pathways, as confirmed by the expression of p-Paxillin, p-FAK and p-ERK protein, and results in the observed improvement of cell adhesion and proliferation. The proliferation of hMSC on RGD functionalized surface was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy imaging and distribution though pore was confirmed by histochemistry of transversely sectioned scaffold. The hMSC adhesion and proliferation in scaffold with high compressive moduli showed a constant enhancement (with a slope value 9.97) of compressive strength throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The improved cell adhesion and proliferation with RGD functionalized chitosan scaffold, together with their mechanical stability, will enable new interesting avenues for 3D cell growth and differentiation in numerous applications including regenerative tissue implants.
Does Advertising Serve as a Signal? Evidence from a Field Experiment in Mobile Search
Authors: Sahni Navdeep S , Nair Harikesh S 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe develop a field experiment that assesses whether advertising can serve as a signal that enhances consumers’ evaluations of advertised goods. We implement the experiment on a mobile search platform that provides listings and reviews for an archetypal experience good, restaurants. In collaboration with the platform, we randomize about 200,000 users in 13 Asian cities into exposure of ads for about 600+ local restaurants. Within the exposure group, we randomly vary the disclosure to the consumer of whether a restaurant’s listing is a paid-ad. This enables isolating the effect on outcomes of a user knowing that a listing is sponsored—a pure signalling effect. We find that this disclosure increases calls to the restaurant by 77%, holding fixed all other attributes of the ad. The disclosure effect is higher when the consumer uses the platform away from his typical city of search, when the uncertainty about restaurant quality is larger, and for restaurants that have received fewer ratings in the past. On the supply side, newer, higher rated and more popular restaurants are found to advertise more on the platform; and ratings of those that advertised during the experiment are found to be higher two years later. Taken together, we interpret these results as consistent with a signalling equilibrium in which ads serve as implicit signals that enhance the appeal of the advertised restaurants to consumers. Both consumers and advertisers seem to benefit from the signalling. Consumers shift choices towards restaurants that are better rated (at baseline) in the disclosure group compared to the no disclosure group, and advertisers gain from the improved outcomes induced by disclosure.
The Equity Premium and the One Percent
Authors: Toda Alexis Akira , Walsh Kieran James 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that in a general equilibrium model with heterogeneity in risk aversion or belief, shifting wealth from an agent who holds comparatively fewer stocks to one who holds more reduces the equity premium. From an empirical view, the rich hold more stocks, so inequality should predict excess stock market returns. Consistent with our theory, we find that when the U.S. top ($\textrm{e.g.}$, 1%) income share rises, subsequent 1-year excess market returns significantly decline. This negative relation is robust to controlling for classic return predictors, predicting out-of-sample, and instrumenting inequality with estate tax rate changes. It also holds in international markets.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
P41 Art therapy and rheumatology: using a collaborative approach to address the emotional needs of a child with Marfan syndrome
Authors: Watts Patricia , Walsh Jo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
1:1 art therapy sessions have been offered to rheumatology patients at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow since 2012, supported by the Teapot Trust. A relationship is established between child and Therapist, allowing safe exploration of difficult issues. We describe a new way of collaborative working to include input from other professionals within therapy sessions.

Methods
A 10 year-old girl was referred to art therapy by the consultant rheumatologist to help her process an existing diagnosis of Marfan syndrome. She displayed intense anger towards her family, lost all confidence socialising and became extremely distressed when having medical examinations.
The child identified anger towards her family was because she perceived a lack of honesty about her condition making her feel worried she would die, which in turn prevented her from socialising. The child noticed she became distressed when clinicians didn’t ask permission to examine her.
It was apparent that the child needed a joined up approach with the art therapist and consultant rheumatologist collaborating to communicate the child’s views to all professionals involved, which at times involved the consultant rheumatologist joining art therapy sessions.
The child identified her own goals for art therapy: Not saying mean things when I’m angry and think of other ways to express my anger Get my confidence back
Progress in therapy was measured using Goal Based Outcomes and Psychlops Outcome Measurement Tools allowing the child to report on her own progress.

Results
Through Goal Based Outcomes, she communicated her anger ‘was getting better’ and she felt confident enough ‘to go on a trampoline’. Family sessions were used to help the child speak honestly with her parents about her diagnosis and prognosis. Having her consultant rheumatologist at sessions enabled her to ask questions like ‘why do I have this,’ ‘will I die’ and ‘can I go on roller coasters.’
Through Psychlops, she communicated her anger was related to feeling embarrassed and exposed during examinations. The art therapist supported the child to explore her body boundaries and to create rules clinicians should follow when examining her. The consultant rheumatologist shared these rules with the rheumatology MDT. The MDT encouraged the child to create a poster to be displayed in the paediatric outpatient clinic, which raised her confidence.
At subsequent medical examinations she has been able to communicate her wishes to clinicians instead of becoming distressed. The child is also socialising more and can communicate her feelings at home without becoming angry.

Conclusion
This collaborative approach supported the child to process her diagnosis by creating a safe and honest space for her feelings to be explored whilst reducing barriers to engaging with clinicians. We have since used this methodology with other members of the rheumatology MDT.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Treatment with cyclophosphamide i.v. pulse therapy is an option for effective treatment of skin fibrosis in patients with early systemic sclerosis
Authors: Kersten Brigit E , den Broeder Nathan , van den Hoogen Frank H J , Knaapen-Hans Hanneke A K , van den Ende Cornelia H M , Vonk Madelon C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
SSc is a autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. There is a lack of evidence for the efficacy of i.v. CYC pulse therapy on skin thickening. We aimed to examine the response of i.v. CYC pulse therapy on skin thickening in our cohort of SSc patients and analysed factors that predict this response.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the data for 143 patients with SSc from baseline to 12, 24 and 36 months. All patients were treated with at least 6 i.v. CYC pulses (750 mg/m2/month). We applied the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) to assess skin thickening. A clinically relevant response was defined as a decrease in mRSS of 5 points and 25% from baseline. Different baseline variables for predicting response on month 12 were tested in logistic regression analyses.

Results
Baseline characteristics of the patients with dcSSc and lcSSc were collected. Forty-three percent (n = 42) of dcSSc patients had a clinically relevant response on month 12. Non-responding on month 6 predicts non-response on month 12 (odds ratio 37.1; 95% CI 4.5, 306.4).

Conclusion
We concluded that i.v. CYC pulse therapy should be considered as an effective treatment option for skin thickening in dcSSc patients, because 43% of this group of patients were found to have a clinically relevant response. Of the dcSSC patients who did not respond by month 6, only 29% had a response by month 12. This finding can help the physician and patient in shared decision making about whether or not to continue therapy.
The effect of emotion regulation on risk-taking and decision-related activity in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Morawetz Carmen , Mohr Peter N C , Heekeren Hauke R , Bode Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEmotion regulation impacts the expected emotional responses to the outcomes of risky decisions via activation of cognitive control strategies. However, whether the regulation of emotional responses to preceding, incidental stimuli also impacts risk-taking in subsequent decisions is still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the interplay between the regulation of incidentally induced emotional responses and subsequent choice behavior using a risky decision-making task in two independent samples (behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment). We found that overall, emotion regulation was followed by less risky decisions, which was further reflected in an increase in activation in brain regions in dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that altering incidental emotions using reappraisal strategies impacts on subsequent risk-taking in decision-making.
Knowledge production at the science–policy interface: Lessons from fisheries scientists
Authors: Olson Julia , Pinto da Silva Patricia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
While fisheries science in the USA has in the past been dominated by mode 1 knowledge production that is discipline-specific and focused on basic research, it has increasingly opened up to concerns with relevance, participation, and interdisciplinary inquiry. We consider how this transition has been experienced through the analysis of oral histories conducted with marine scientists, looking at the changes they have seen to their role as scientists and to the practice of doing science at the interface of knowledge production and policy. In particular, we examine scientists’ ideas about and experiences of collaboration, public responsibility, freedom and politics in science, diversity and outreach, involvement, and relevance to society. In so doing, we explore the implications of the co-production of science and policy as traditional domain boundaries are increasingly problematized.
Prevalence and risk factors for HIV-1 infection in people who use illicit drugs in northern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira-Filho Aldemir B , Silva Fabricio Quaresma , Santos Francisco Junior A , Cardoso Yasmin Maria N , Di Miceli Jeruza Ferraz F , Resque Rafael Lima , Silva-Oliveira Gláucia C , Martins Luisa Caricio , Pinheiro Luiz Marcelo L , Machado Luiz Fernando A , Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto , Lemos José Alexandre R , Fischer Benedikt , Kupek Emil 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
People who use illicit drugs (PWUDs) have a high risk of viral infections. To date, there is a paucity of information on HIV infection among PWUDs in remote Brazilian regions. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with HIV-1 infection among PWUDs in northern Brazil.

Methods
Sociodemographic, economic, drug use and health-related information were collected through interviews from a community-recruited, multi-site sample of 1753 PWUDs. The blood samples collected were tested for the presence of HIV-1 using chemiluminescence immunoassay and PCR or western blotting. Logistic regressions identified factors independently associated with HIV-1 infection.

Results
In total, 266 (15.2%) PWUDs were HIV-1 positive. Hepatitis B virus and/or hepatitis C virus nucleic acid was detected in 65 (3.7%) PWUDs infected by HIV-1. The factors associated with HIV-1 infection were male gender, older age, a lower educational level and a lower income, crack cocaine use, a longer drug use history and a history of drug injection and engagement in unsafe sex, sex work and a higher number of sexual partners.

Conclusions
The current study provides unique, initial insights into HIV and co-infection status and pertinent risk factors among PWUDs in northern Brazil, with clear and diverse implications for urgently improved prevention and treatment intervention needs.