bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk analysis of Bitcoin and major currencies: value at risk approach
Authors: Uyar Umut , Kahraman Ibrahim Korkmaz 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This study aims to compare investors of major conventional currencies and Bitcoin (BTC) investors by using the value at risk (VaR) method common risk measure.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a risk analysis named as VaR. The analysis has various computations that Historical Simulation and Monte Carlo Simulation methods were used for this paper.

Findings
Findings of the analysis are assessed in two different aspects of singular currency risk and portfolios built. First, BTC is found to be significantly risky with respect to the major currencies; and it is six times riskier than the singular most risky currency. Second, in terms of inclusion of BTC into a portfolio, which equally weights all currencies, it elevates overall portfolio risk by 98 per cent.

Practical implications
In spite of the remarkable risk level, it could be considered that investors are desirous of making an investment on BTC could mitigate their overall exposed risk relatively by building a portfolio.

Originality/value
The paper questions the risk level of Bitcoin, which is a digital currency. BTC, a matter of debate in the contemporary period, is seen as a digital currency free from control or supervision of a regulatory board. With the comparison of major currencies and BTC shows that how could be risky of a financial instrument without regulations. However, there is some advice for investors who would like to invest digital currencies despite the risk level in this study.
Following the cyber money trail
Authors: Irwin Angela S.M. , Dawson Caitlin 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how global regulation of cryptocurrencies and other cybercurrencies can assist in addressing the challenges of attribution when investigating ransomware attacks and other types of cybercrime using these payment methods.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review, looking at current academic research and discourse on the topic cryptocurrency regulation, is conducted to highlight current thinking and perceived difficulties in implanting a global regulatory framework. In addition, the research explores how governments have addressed the risks posed by cryptocurrencies and how regulation has been implemented. The research focuses on the regulatory approaches of Australia, Europe and the Americas to determine whether they could feasibly address the risks posed by cryptocurrencies and be implemented on a global scale.

Findings
To date, few sustained efforts have been made to regulate Bitcoin or other cybercurrencies. Where regulation has been introduced, it has often proven too costly to implement, thereby, stifling Bitcoin industry growth, or too ad hoc to function effectively. These regulatory pitfalls are substantiated by the continuing difficulty faced by law enforcement agencies, in identifying individual Bitcoin users and separating those that are using them for nefarious purposes from those that are using them for legitimate ones. These challenges appear to grow exponentially when it comes to prosecuting criminals for Bitcoin-related offences, due to the enormous lack of agreement within the justice system of most countries as to the appropriate legal definition for Bitcoin. This research highlights three characteristics that will be vital to the success of any global regulatory framework. These are consistency, clarity and cost-effective implementation. A regulatory framework for Bitcoin that lacks any one of these elements will fail to meet the requirements of every stakeholder in the regulatory process. A framework that is too costly to implement will stifle fintech innovation, subsequently depriving national economies of the multitude of potential benefits promised by fostering fintech entrepreneurship. Equally, a framework that is inconsistent will hamper the global cooperation necessary to combat Bitcoin-related crime.

Originality/value
This research evaluates research, discourse and regulatory responses from academic and governmental sources and discusses how a global response to cryptocurrency regulation will help address the growing problem of attribution when it comes to ransomware attacks, which has experienced a considerable spike in recent months.
Money laundering and terrorism financing through consulting companies
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how criminals need to proceed to launder money and finance terrorism through the use of consulting firms.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative content analysis of 58 semi-standardized expert interviews with both illegal financial services providers and prevention experts led to the identification of concrete techniques for money laundering and terrorism financing through consulting companies.

Findings
Consulting firms could be considered to be “criminals’ best friends”. Terrorists could either buy or set up consulting firms in reputable countries, such as Switzerland or the UK. Subsequently, they could combine real consulting services along with fake clients to cover their illicit activities.

Research limitations/implications
As the findings are based on semi-standardized interviews, they are limited to the 58 interviewees’ perspectives.

Practical implications
The identification of gaps in current prevention mechanisms is meant to provide legislators, compliance officers, law enforcement agencies and intelligence offices with insights into how criminals finance terrorism and launder money.

Originality/value
While the existing literature focuses on simply naming areas that could play a part in money laundering or the financing of terrorism, this paper describes a concrete method. It takes both prevention and criminal perspectives into account.
An investigation of the fraud risk and fraud scheme methods in Greek commercial banks
Authors: Repousis Spyridon , Lois Petros , Veli Varvara 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine types of fraud risk and fraud scheme methods in Greek commercial banks.

Design/methodology/approach
Data used for this study were obtained from primary source through questionnaires. This method of data collection was followed and was considered appropriate because the information sought is not publicly available and middle management and internal auditors are in a good position to know the answers to the questions asked. Questionnaires were sent to a sample of 230 persons, all bank branch employees (internal auditors were excluded), in the city of Athens (capital city of Greece), in five banks, National Bank of Greece, Piraeus Bank, Alpha Bank, Eurobank and Postal Bank, during February 2017-March 2017. Finally, of the 230 questionnaires distributed, 225 completed and returned but only 203 of them were usable questionnaires. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of variables.

Findings
Results showed that forgeries, bribery and money laundering are the most important types of fraud risk, and the best fraud scheme methods are using dormant accounts and checks. Based on the empirical findings, the study recommends that there is a need for banks to implement a code of conduct and a code of ethics for staff, staff training, signature verification, control over dormant accounts, asking employees about their opinions and the way they feel about their bank, conducting surprise audits and using a hot line for whistleblowing.

Practical implications
The study will help banks in fraud risk management and in the development of policies to reduce risk within the banking sector. Also, will be useful to all categories of potential bank clients and users of financial services including shareholders, creditors, debtors and fund providers.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study examining middle management and staff opinions about fraud risk and fraud scheme methods in Greek commercial banks.
The impact of the Greek economic crisis on the sustainability of the Turkish economy
Authors: Tsioptsia Kyriaki Argyro , Mallidis Ioannis , Siskou Thomas , Sariannidis Nikolaos 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of the Greek economic crisis on the sustainability of the Turkish economy.

Design/methodology/approach
A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model is used over the Thomson Reuter’s Turkey Index for the period of May 1999 to August 2018 using monthly data. The control variables introduced in the proposed model are the S&P 500 of the US stock market and crude oil prices which are used to isolate more general systemic factors.

Findings
The structural analysis of volatility with the EGARCH model has shown that current volatility is more influenced by past volatility than by previous month shocks.

Research limitations/implications
The results can be exploited by investors, portfolio managers and policy makers in their decision-making process.

Originality/value
It is a first-time effort that examines the impact of the Greek economic crisis on the sustainability of the Turkish economy. The developed methodology can be used by investors, portfolio managers and policy makers in their decision-making process.
Clothing brand purchase intention through SNS
Authors: Pujadas-Hostench Jordi , Palau-Saumell Ramon , Forgas-Coll Santiago , Sánchez-García Javier 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the intention to purchase products through clothing brands’ social network sites (SNS) based on the theory of planned behavior and uses and gratifications theory (U&G), and the moderating effects of self-image congruity (SIC).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 1,003 followers of their favorite clothing brands’ SNS. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group SEM analysis. The models were estimated from the matrices of variances and covariances by the maximum likelihood procedure using EQS 6.1.FindingsThe results highlight the positive impact of U&G on attitude, SNS intentions and SNS use, and U&G, SNS intentions and SNS use were seen to be the main antecedents predicting purchase intentions. Furthermore, SIC was found to have moderating effects between SNS attitude and SNS intentions and between SNS intentions and SNS use.Practical implicationsThis research can help clothing brands understand the need to generate brand beliefs, and to develop contents or events to help accomplish the transition from use to purchase.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the literature by providing a better understanding of intention to use and purchase intention through clothing brands’ SNS pages.
Theory, regulation and practice in Swedish digital records appraisal
Authors: Klett Elisabeth 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Digital records appraisal and aspects of archival values in theory, regularization and practice are explored. This paper aims to reflect upon the appraisal process, responsibility and norms for value creation in a digitalized environment. The research question was how do appraisal theory, normative rules and appraisal practice meet the aims of values in digital archives?

Design/methodology/approach
The study triangulated appraisal theory, normative values and participants’ views about archival values in appraisal practice in a Swedish setting. Content analysis were used to explore normative documents and interviews. Appraisal theories of the Swedish Nils Nilsson and the Canadian Terry Cook were interpreted. The result was related to theories on public values, the nature of responsibility and relations between the state and citizens.

Findings
The results show influences between theory, norms and practice. Changes in norms and practice do not follow the development of digitalization. Responsibility is focused on tasks, which exposes risks of accountability control and knowledge of appraisal grounds. The paper concludes that access requirements and user needs may prompt change in appraisal processes. In the light of digitalization, “primary and secondary value” are merely a matter of use and usability in a time and space (continuum) perspective.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based in Sweden where extensive right of access to public records and default preservation are norm.

Originality/value
The result shows how allocated responsibilities impinge on a re-active digital appraisal process.
Salience of public leaders’ “meaning making” in news coverage of a health crisis
Authors: You Myoungsoon , Ju Youngkee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMeaning making by leadership in a crisis is required to reduce uncertainty. We used analytic criteria for meaning making suggested by crisis management literature to investigate public leaders’ quotations in news coverage of a health crisis. The quotations were examined in terms of the five frame functions, which include offering a credible explanation of what happened, offering guidance, instilling hope, showing empathy, and suggesting that leaders are in control. The Middle East respiratory syndrome outbreak in South Korea was examined. As a result, the most salient frame function identified was displaying they are in control of the emergency, followed by offering guidance and explaining what happened. The salience of leaders’ meaning making disappeared in coverage by a liberal newspaper.
Fiscal Rules and Government Financing Costs
Authors: Afonso António , Jalles João Tovar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper assesses the effect of fiscal rules on sovereign bond spreads over the short and medium term, for 34 advanced countries and 19 emerging market economies, over the period 1980–2016. Our results, based on impulse response functions, show that the dynamic impact of fiscal rules on sovereign yield spreads is negative and statistically significant, at around 1.2–1.8 percentage points, implying lower government borrowing costs. This result stems essentially from the advanced economies subsample. We also find that more fiscally responsible countries are the ones for which a fiscal rule reduces the government's borrowing costs. Moreover, in times of recession, a fiscal rule leads financial markets to reduce the risk premiums on government bonds. Finally, when it comes to design features of fiscal rules, independent monitoring of compliance to the rule, done outside government, also reduces sovereign spreads.
Pulse Flour Characteristics from a Wheat Flour Miller's Perspective: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Thakur S. , Scanlon M. G. , Tyler R. T. , Milani A. , Paliwal J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPulses (grain legumes) are increasingly of interest to the food industry as product formulators and consumers seek to exploit their fiber‐rich and protein‐rich reputation in the development of nutritionally attractive new products, particularly in the bakery, gluten‐free, snack, pasta, and noodle categories. The processing of pulses into consistent high‐quality ingredients starts with a well‐defined and controlled milling process. However, in contrast to the extensive body of knowledge on wheat flour milling, the peer‐reviewed literature on pulse flour milling is not as well defined, except for the dehulling process. This review synthesizes information on milling of leguminous commodities such as chickpea (kabuli and desi), lentil (green and red), pea, and bean (adzuki, black, cowpea, kidney, navy, pinto, and mung) from the perspective of a wheat miller to explore the extent to which pulse milling studies have addressed the objectives of wheat flour milling. These objectives are to reduce particle size (so as to facilitate ingredient miscibility), to separate components (so as to improve value and/or functionality), and to effect mechanochemical transformations (for example, to cause starch damage). Current international standards on pulse quality are examined from the perspective of their relationship to the millability of pulses (that is, grain legume properties at mill receival). The effect of pulse flour on the quality of the products they are incorporated in is examined solely from the perspective of flour quality not quantity. Finally, we identify research gaps where critical questions should be answered if pulse milling science and technology are to be established on par with their wheat flour milling counterparts.
DNA metabarcoding as a tool for invertebrate community monitoring: a case study comparison with conventional techniques
Authors: Watts Corinne , Dopheide Andrew , Holdaway Robert , Davis Carina , Wood Jamie , Thornburrow Danny , Dickie Ian A 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen conserving native biodiversity, it is particularly important to consider invertebrates, a diverse and functionally important component of biodiversity. However, their inclusion in monitoring and conservation planning has lagged behind larger fauna because collecting, sorting and identifying invertebrates using conventional monitoring techniques is often expensive, time consuming and restricted by expertise in diagnostics. Emerging DNA metabarcoding techniques could potentially revolutionise monitoring of invertebrates by providing the ability to characterise entire communities from a single, easily collected environmental sample. We aimed to characterise the invertebrate fauna of an isolated, coastal forest fragment in New Zealand using the same level of financial investment for conventional invertebrate monitoring (pitfall and malaise traps) and a DNA metabarcoding approach applied to two alternative sample types (conventional invertebrate samples and soil samples). The bulk invertebrate and soil DNA metabarcoding methods were able to reproduce ecological patterns observed in the beetle community detected using conventional sampling. The soil DNA metabarcoding method detected a different beetle community and a more diverse array of invertebrate taxa than conventional sampling techniques. DNA metabarcoding offers conservation managers a practical, cost‐effective technique for characterising whole invertebrate communities. However, increasing the taxonomic coverage of reference sequence databases (particularly for New Zealand invertebrates) through DNA barcoding efforts should be the focus of future research as it would improve the utility of metabarcoding methods for invertebrate monitoring, which would complement conventional techniques.
Genome‐wide association studies pathway‐based meta‐analysis for residual feed intake in beef cattle
Authors: Duarte D. A. S. , Newbold C. J. , Detmann E. , Silva F. F. , Freitas P. H. F. , Veroneze R. , Duarte M. S. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryGenome‐wide association studies (GWASes) have been performed to search for genomic regions associated with residual feed intake (RFI); however inconsistent results have been obtained. A meta‐analysis may improve these results by decreasing the false‐positive rate. Additionally, pathway analysis is a powerful tool that complements GWASes, as it enables identification of gene sets involved in the same pathway that explain the studied phenotype. Because there are no reports on GWAS pathways‐based meta‐analyses for RFI in beef cattle, we used several GWAS results to search for significant pathways that may explain the genetic mechanism underlying this trait. We used an efficient permutation hypothesis test that takes into account the linkage disequilibrium patterns between SNPs and the functional feasibility of the identified genes over the whole genome. One significant pathway (valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation) related to RFI was found. The three genes in this pathway—methylcrotonoyl‐CoA carboxylase 1 (MCCC1), aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) and propionyl‐CoA carboxylase alpha subunit (PCCA)—were found in three different studies. This same pathway was also reported in a transcriptome analysis from two cattle populations divergently selected for high and low RFI. We conclude that a GWAS pathway‐based meta‐analysis can be an appropriate method to uncover biological insights into RFI by combining useful information from different studies.
Mobile health tools for the management of chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Sleurs Kristien , Seys Sven F. , Bousquet Jean , Fokkens Wytske J. , Gorris Senne , Pugin Benoit , Hellings Peter W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe market of mobile health (mHealth) technology is rapidly evolving, making new mobile technologies potentially available for healthcare systems. Patient empowerment through self‐monitoring of symptoms, shared decision making with the physician, and easily accessible education are important features extending the reach of mHealth technology beyond traditional care.MethodsTwo digital distribution platforms (Apple App Store and Google Play Store) were searched for currently available mobile applications (apps) for patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). A new index (score ranging from 0 to 10) was developed to assess the potential of apps as a tool to empower patients through mobile technology (based on self‐monitoring, personalized feedback, and patient education app features).ResultsOne hundred and twelve apps were retained for analysis and could be classified in 5 categories: Asthma (n = 71), COPD (n = 15), Asthma and COPD (n = 15), Rhinitis and Asthma (n = 5), and Rhinosinusitis (n = 6). Eighty percent were developed by medical technology companies compared to 18% by medical doctors and 2% by pharmaceutical companies. Two‐thirds of apps allow disease self‐monitoring, whereas over half of apps provide patient feedback through graphs. Sixty percent of apps contain easily accessible patient education material. Only three percent of apps reach a score of ≥7 on the newly designed patient empowerment index.ConclusionsA variety of apps are available for patients with CRDs of which only few were developed by or jointly with medical doctors. The majority of these apps include self‐monitoring tools, but only few also provide personalized feedback, which is needed to adopt these apps into daily care.
An Intimate Inventory of Race and Waste
Authors: Vasudevan Pavithra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on Badin, North Carolina, a segregated aluminum company town established in the early 1900s and site of a current environmental justice struggle. Racialised industrial toxicity operates through quotidian relations of care, corporate and state claims to innocence, and perversion of pleasurable environments. This affective and materialist inventory illustrates how race and waste intertwined in Badin to make aluminum vital and valuable. Drawing on critical race and postcolonial studies, feminist geopolitics, and science studies, this paper argues that intimacy is a crucial analytic for understanding racial capitalism as a political and ecological project in multiple spheres including the workplace, the home, the community and the landscape.