bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress‐related biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid associated with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Cai Wenjin , Zhao Shufan , Shi Lixi , Chen Yang , Li Xumin , Sun Xiaoyu , Mao Yixin , He Bing , Hou Yubo , Zhou Yu , Zhou Qiaozhen , Ma Jianfeng , Huang Shengbin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimOxidative stress (OS) biomarkers have been detected in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during chronic periodontitis (CP) progression; however, the relationship between OS biomarkers and CP progression remains elusive. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to investigate the relationship between local OS biomarkers and CP.MethodsThis review was conducted through a systematic search from three databases. Studies on CP participants were included as an experimental group, and studies on periodontally healthy (PH) participants were included as a control. Mean effects were expressed as standardized mean difference with their associated 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFrom a total of 2,972 articles, 32 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We found a significant decrease of total antioxidant capacity and a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, total oxidant status (TOS), and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine levels in the saliva of CP patients. Moreover, we also found an elevation of MDA level in GCF of CP group when compared with the PH group. There were no significant differences of salivary and GCF superoxide dismutase levels, salivary glutathione peroxidase level, and GCF TOS level between two groups. However, a high heterogeneity was observed among evaluated studies.ConclusionsDespite the limitations of this study, the result of our meta‐analysis supported the rationale that there was a direct link between CP and OS‐related biomarkers’ levels in the local site, indicating the important role of OS in the onset and development of CP.
Changes in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 levels and early renal function decline in patients with diabetes
Authors: MacIsaac Richard J , Farag Matthew , Obeyesekere Varuni , Clarke Michele , Boston Ray , Ward Glenn M , Jerums George , Ekinci Elif I 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe relationship between serial changes in soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNFR1) levels and an early decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline remains to be defined. We found that in patients with an early decline in renal function (n = 30), soluble TNFR1 values increased (2,595 ± 683 vs 3,596 ± 1,203 pg/mL, P < 0.001) as eGFR decreased (89 ± 1 vs 51 ± 2 mL/min/1.73m2, P < 0.001) over an 8‐year period. In contrast, there were no significant changes in soluble TNFR1 levels in patients with stable renal function (n = 17). In a multilevel mixed effects regression model, changes in soluble TNFR1 levels were found to be independently associated with eGFR decline (Z = −4.31, P < 0.001). An early decline in eGFR is associated with an increase in soluble TNFR levels; however, the factors driving this increase and the possible pathological role that soluble TNFR1 plays in progressive diabetic kidney disease remain to be determined.
Phenotypic analysis of atopic dermatitis in children aged 1–12 months: elaboration of novel diagnostic criteria for infants in China and estimation of prevalence
Authors: Guo Y. , Zhang H. , Liu Q. , Wei F. , Tang J. , Li P. , Han X. , Zou X. , Xu G. , Xu Z. , Zong W. , Ran Q. , Xiao F. , Mu Z. , Mao X. , Ran N. , Cheng R. , Li M. , Li C. , Luo Y. , Meng C. , Zhang X. , Xu H. , Li J. , Tang P. , Xiang J. , Shen C. , Niu H. , Li H. , Shen J. , Ni C. , Zhang J. , Wang H. , Ma L. , Bieber T. , Yao Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disorder in infancy. However, the diagnosis and definite significance of infantile AD remains a debated issue.ObjectiveTo analyse the phenotypes of AD in infancy, to establish diagnostic criteria and to estimate the prevalence of this condition in China.MethodsThis is a multicentric study, in which 12 locations were chosen from different metropolitan areas of China. Following careful and complete history‐taking and skin examination, the definite diagnosis of AD was made and the severity based on the SCORAD index was determined by local experienced dermatologists. Based on the detailed phenotyping, the major and representative clinical features of infantile AD were selected to establish the diagnostic criteria and evaluate their diagnostic efficacy.ResultsA total of 5967 infants were included in this study. The overall point prevalence of AD was 30.48%. The infantile AD developed as early as at the second month of life, and its incidence peaked in the third month of life at 40.81%. The proportion of mild, moderate and severe AD was 67.40%, 30.57% and 2.03%, respectively. The most commonly seen manifestations in the infantile AD were facial dermatitis (72.07%), xerosis (42.72%) and scalp dermatitis (27.93%). We established the novel diagnostic criteria of infants, which included: (i) onset after 2 weeks of birth; (ii) pruritus and/or irritability and sleeplessness comparable with lesions; and (iii) all two items above with one of the following items can reach a diagnosis of AD: (i) eczematous lesions distributed on cheeks and/or scalp and/or extensor limbs, and (ii) eczematous lesions on any other parts of body accompanied by xerosis.ConclusionsIn China, the prevalence of AD in infancy is 30.48% according to clinical diagnosis of dermatologists. The novel Chinese diagnostic criteria for AD in infants show a higher sensitivity and comparable specificity.
The synergistic antimicrobial effect of a simultaneous UV‐A light and propyl paraben (4‐hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester) treatment and its application in washing spinach leaves
Authors: Ding Qiao , Tikekar Rohan V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSynergistic antimicrobial effect of a simultaneous UV‐A light and propyl paraben (PP) treatment against Escherichia coli O157:H7 is demonstrated. While other parabens with shorter chain length (methyl and ethyl) showed minimal antimicrobial effect, 3 mM PP with UV‐A light achieved more than 5 log [CFU/ml] reduction in bacterial population within 30 min in aqueous solution with a D‐value of 4.89 ± 0.66 min. Neither UV‐A light or 3 mM PP was able to achieve more than 1.5 logarithmic reduction, underscoring the synergy of the simultaneous treatment. Membrane damage as detected via propidium iodide assay was a dominant mechanism of action. The simultaneous treatment could reduce the risk of cross‐contamination during washing of spinach without negatively impairing its color, chlorophyll content, or total phenolic content. Approximately, 75% of the paraben residue from the treatment could be effectively removed with a subsequent rinsing step. The proposed technology is an attractive approach to improve the safety of fresh produce.Practical applicationsCross‐contamination during washing process may increase the food safety risk of fresh produce. Many conventional antimicrobial treatments have limited efficacy, need constant replenishment, and pose a potential health concerns for the line workers. Therefore, new antimicrobial treatments are necessary. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial effect of a simultaneous UV‐A light and propyl paraben treatment against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water and its ability in reducing the risk of cross‐contamination during washing of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) leaves without negatively impairing its color, chlorophyll content, or total phenolic content. Majority of paraben residue on the spinach after the treatment could be effectively removed with a subsequent rinsing step making it less of an issue for consumers. Overall, proposed technology may be an attractive alternative to conventional antimicrobial used in produce industry.
Stability of co‐crystals of caffeine with gallic acid in presence of coformers
Authors: Syed Tanweer A. , Gaikar Vilas G. , Mukherjee Shreya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCaffeine forms interactive complexes with several compounds. The formation and stability of caffeine's cocrystals with competing coformers has been investigated in terms of Gibbs free energy of coformer replacement from the solubility values and solubility product of co‐crystals at a given temperature. The feasibility of replacement was checked experimentally, and analysis was done by XRD, FTIR, and DSC technique. The Gibbs free energy of coformer replacement at other temperatures was predicted by using solubility values with Gibbs‐Helmholtz equation and correlating experimental solubility of coformer via nonrandom two‐liquid (NRTL) model of liquid mixtures in terms of activity coefficient and thereby predicting the coformer solubility at other temperatures. The NRTL parameters for catechin, citric acid, oxalic acid, and gallic acid have been estimated. The thermodynamic approach to determine the coformer replacement is found to be in line with the experimental results.Practical applicationsCooling of tea infusion leads to solid sediment formation called as tea cream, because of formation of many stable complexes of tea components. Several parameters such as temperature, concentration, and chemical composition, affect the formation of tea cream. Tea infusion contains caffeine along with different acids such as gallic acid, oxalic acid, and tannic acid, which can form stable co‐crystals. This study attempts to estimate the stability of the cocrystals of caffeine in the presence of different acidic coformers as a function of temperature and thus prediction and minimization of tea cream formation.
Perspectives in veterinary medicine: Description and classification of bronchiolar disorders in cats
Authors: Reinero Carol R. , Masseau Isabelle , Grobman Megan , Vientos‐Plotts Aida , Williams Kurt 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis Perspectives in Veterinary Medicine article seeks to define, describe putative causes, and discuss key diagnostic tests for primary and secondary bronchiolar disorders to propose a classification scheme in cats with support from a literature review and case examples. The small airways (bronchioles with inner diameters <2 mm), located at the transitional zone between larger conducting airways and the pulmonary acinus, have been overlooked as major contributors to clinical syndromes of respiratory disease in cats. Because the trigger for many bronchiolar disorders is environmental and humans live in a shared environment with similar susceptibility, understanding these diseases in pet cats has relevance to One Health. Thoracic radiography, the major imaging modality used in the diagnostic evaluation of respiratory disease in cats, has low utility in detection of bronchiolar disease. Computed tomography (CT) with paired inspiratory and expiratory scans can detect pathology centered on small airways. In humans, treatment of bronchiolar disorders is not well established because of heterogeneous presentations and often late definitive diagnosis. A review of the human and veterinary medical literature will serve as the basis for a proposed classification scheme in cats. A case series of cats with CT or histopathologic evidence of bronchiolar lesions or both, either as a primary disorder or secondary to extension from large airway disease or interstitial lung disease, will be presented. Future multi‐institutional and multidisciplinary discussions among clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists will help refine and develop this classification scheme to promote early and specific recognition and optimize treatment.
The Thai Lao – Thailand's largest unrecognized transboundary national ethnicity
Authors: Draper John , Garzoli John , Kamnuansilpa Peerasit , Lefferts Leedom , Mitchell James , Songkünnatham Peera 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 1900, the Lao ethnonym, and thus the Lao, ‘officially’ disappeared from Siam. However, Lao culture and identity persisted at local, regional, and national levels. As Keyes (1967) discovered, ‘a Northeast Thailand‐based ethno‐regionalism’ emerged post‐World War II. This regionalism, which we re‐term ‘Thai Lao’ and specify to the majority ethnic community, exists in a contested relationship with both ‘Thai’ and ‘Lao’ identity. The survival of the Lao ethnic community's cultural identity occurred despite the best efforts of the Royal Thai Government (RTG) to eradicate aspects of Lao culture. These aspects included Lao language, religion, and history, using the school system, the Lao Buddhist Sangha, and the bureaucracy. Beginning in the 1990s, buoyed by a multitude of factors, the Lao ethnic community reappeared as the ‘Thai Lao’ or ‘Lao Isan’. This reappearance was noted in the RTG'sThailand 2011 Country Report(RTG 2011) to the UN Committee responsible for theInternational Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. For nearly four decades now, ‘Laoism’ has recurred in Thai academia, the media, the public sphere, popular traditions, and even Lao apocalyptic millenarianism. Following Smith (1986, 1991, 1999), this article utilizes a historical ethno‐symbolist approach to analyse this recurrence.
Non‐pruritic bullous scabies in an immunosuppressed pediatric patient
Authors: Salame Nicole , Holland Vanessa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBullous scabies is an uncommon subtype of scabies that frequently mimics other blistering skin diseases. Nocturnal pruritus is a hallmark symptom of bullous scabies. We report an unusual case of bullous scabies presenting in the absence of pruritus in an immunosuppressed pediatric patient. It is critical that clinicians consider the diagnosis of bullous scabies in any patient with bullae, irrespective of pruritus symptoms.
Framing Political Risks: Individual Differences and Loss Aversion in Personal and Political Situations
Authors: Osmundsen Mathias , Petersen Michael Bang 
Published: April 2019

People are motivated to avoid losses. In the context of politics, studies consistently show that the threat of losses increases support for risky public policies more than the promise of gains. Here, we predict that this loss aversion is calibrated by individual differences related to one’s ability to accommodate resource loss, and we investigate how these individual differences moderate reactions to the threat of losses and the promise of gains. Results from large‐N experiments consistently demonstrate that this moderation effect crucially depends on whether the resource loss relates to oneself or one’s group—whether the setting is personal or political. Consistent with classic assumptions, individuals with inferior abilities to cope with resource loss are more loss averse in personal settings. In political settings where group resources are threatened, effects reverse: Individuals with superior resources and a more central position within the group consistently respond more to the prospect of loss. As discussed, these findings have important implications for our understanding of why and for whom the threat of loss motivates risky personal and political choices. By consequence, the findings also shed novel light on the psychological underpinnings of recent risky political events.
Hit or miss: Glacial incisions of snowball Earth
Authors: Mitchell Ross N. , Gernon Thomas M. , Nordsvan Adam , Cox Grant M. , Li Zheng‐Xiang , Hoffman Paul F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEstimated at ~58 Ma in duration, the Sturtian snowball Earth (ca. 717–659 Ma) is one of the longest‐known glaciations in Earth history. Surprisingly few uncontroversial lines of evidence for glacial incisions associated with such a protracted event exist. We report here multiple lines of geological field evidence for deep but variable glacial erosion during the Sturtian glaciation. One incision, on the scale of several kilometres, represents the deepest incision documented for snowball Earth; another much more modest glacial valley, however, suggests an erosion rate similar to sluggish Quaternary glaciers. The heterogeneity in snowball glacial incisions reported here and elsewhere was likely influenced by actively extending horst‐and‐graben topography associated with the breakup of supercontinent Rodinia.
Global importance of oxic molybdenum sinks prior to 2.6 Ga revealed by the Mo isotope composition of Precambrian carbonates
Authors: Thoby Marie , Konhauser Kurt O. , Fralick Philip W. , Altermann Wladyslaw , Visscher Pieter T. , Lalonde Stefan V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSedimentary molybdenum (Mo) isotope compositions are a promising paleoredox indicator because the Mo isotope composition of seawater reflects the balance between anoxic and oxic sinks. Most available data are from shales; however, the Mo isotope composition of carbonates also reflects the composition of ancient seawater. Here, we provide an expanded data set of carbonate Mo isotope compositions, including the first data for carbonates older than 2.64 Ga, which we evaluate against a compilation of published data for carbonates, shales, and iron formations spanning geological time. Archean carbonate samples reveal maximum δ98Mo values that are generally above 1‰. These heavy values indicate that Mn(IV)-oxide or Fe(III)-oxide sinks were sufficiently important to influence the Mo isotope composition of seawater as far back as 2.93 Ga. Comparison of Mo isotope and rare earth element data, as well as residence time considerations, indicates that this metal-oxide influence was likely global. Available Mo isotope data for shales over the same time period generally show crustal values, which we attribute to negligible authigenic enrichment of Mo from seawater due to low ambient concentrations and a paucity of euxinic conditions. Our work demonstrates that the carbonate record provides important new insights into marine paleoredox conditions, especially when shale records are absent or unsuitable, and reinforces the emerging paradigm that oxic Mo sinks were important in the marine realm prior to 2.7 Ga.
A Customer Confusion Environment in Telecommunication Networks: Analysis and Policy Impact
Authors: Ait Omar Driss , Garmani Hamid , El Amrani Mohamed , Baslam Mohamed , Fakir Mohamed 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we have studied the impact of customer confusion on the decision-making strategies of Internet service providers (ISP) in the network and telecommunications market. This confusion may come from several factors, e.g. incomplete information on the offer, non-transparent advertising, the ability of the analysis, etc.; but that sure varies over time since yesterday’s customer is no longer today’s. In this work, we have developed a simple oligopolistic model, using non-cooperative game theory, to formalize the interactions between service providers and end-users by considering that the rationality of customers varies over time. We assessed the impact of the dynamics of consumer confusion on the competition and profitability of service providers who are considered rational and competitive with one another to maximize their respective gains in the face of a confused fraction of consumers while others are not confused. We have shown the existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium. We used the best response dynamic algorithm for learning Nash equilibrium. On the one hand, we have shown that when the number of confused customers is large, the ISP is interested in that and they offer moderately high prices with low quality of service. On the other hand, over time, rationality increases, forcing the ISPs to change their strategies by offering better services so that their demand increases. We also add that when customer behavior changes quickly, the ISPs follow clearer strategies with customer satisfactory services.
Application of Mn–Cu Helical Star-Shaped (Pine-Tree-Like) Sculpted Thin Films with Different Symmetries Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
Authors: Savaloni Hadi , Goli-Haghighi Shokoofe , Babaei Reza 
Published: April 2019

In this work, the surface engineering method is used to produce Mn helical star-shaped (pine-tree-like) nanosculptured thin films with three-, four-, and fivefold symmetries on Cu substrates using an oblique angle deposition technique together with rotation of the sample holder at certain angles. Nano structure and morphologies of the produced samples were obtained by means of atomic force microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope. Raman spectroscopy of the Mn/Cu samples impregnated by 4,4′-bipyridine (C10H8N2) solution with different concentrations, zidovudine (C10H13N5O4), and L-histidine (C6H9N3O2) was performed using 532 nm laser wavelength. A high degree of enhancement is achieved on Raman spectroscopy of all of these specimens. Comparison of the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) results for 4,4′ bipyridine (bipy) obtained in this work with the published literature using Ag and Au substrates in different shapes showed a significant enhancement improvement by using Mn sculptured structures. Reduction of the bipy concentration changed the enhancement factor. Enhancement factors of 107 and 105 were obtained for threefold symmetry sample using 2.885 × 10–2 and 10–3 mol L–1 bipy concentrations, respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results of this work show that Mn nanostructures designed and engineered in this work can not only replace Ag and Au materials, but also provide a much higher enhancement factor.
Boredom and meaningful activity in adults experiencing homelessness: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Marshall Carrie Anne , Davidson Lisa , Li Andrea , Gewurtz Rebecca , Roy Laurence , Barbic Skye , Kirsh Bonnie , Lysaght Rosemary 
Published: April 2019

Background. Boredom has been reported as a frequent problem experienced by homeless persons, with implications for mental and social well-being. Purpose. This study aimed to explore the nature and impact of boredom in the lives of homeless and formerly homeless persons. Method. A mixed-methods design was used to engage 13 participants in a structured 92-item quantitative interview using six standardized measures, followed by a semistructured qualitative interview. Correlational analyses were performed with the data compiled from the quantitative interviews, and grounded theory strategies were used to analyze our qualitative data. The two analyses were integrated at the stage of interpretation. Findings. Boredom was described as a profound and pervasive experience for homeless persons, imposing deleterious impacts on mental well-being and driving substance use. A strong positive correlation between meaningful activity and mental well-being ( r s = .767, p <. 01) and a strong negative correlation between boredom and belonging in one’s community ( r s = –.771, p < .01) were identified. Implications. Boredom is a critical topic of study for occupational therapy in the area of homelessness. Future research is needed to design and test interventions to optimize the mental well-being, participation, and social connectedness of this population.
Crowd-Sourced Equity Funding in Australia — A Critical Appraisal
Authors: Kamalnath Akshaya , Lin Nuannuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the equity crowdfunding law and practice in Australia. It argues that a light regulatory approach for issuers and investors is required to ensure that crowd-sourced equity funding (CSEF) is attractive enough to both investors and issuers. At the same time, it argues that regulation focused on preventing and detecting fraud is essential for CSEF to be successful. The article therefore recommends that caps on the amount each investor can invest are not desirable and, instead, suggests other means of safeguarding against fraud, like the use of whistleblower programs, investor education and reliable dispute resolution mechanisms, in addition to what the legislation provides.