bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which moths might be pollinators? Approaches in the search for the flower‐visiting needles in the Lepidopteran haystack
Authors: Van Zandt Peter A. , Johnson Daytona D. , Hartley Chad , LeCroy Kathryn A. , Shew H. Wayne , Davis Brandon T. , Lehnert Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

1. The natural history of pollination has been studied for centuries and is well documented for diurnal insect species, such as bees and butterflies, but less so for moths. There are notable cases of pollination systems among moths, but given their enormous diversity and primarily nocturnal habits, the role of moths as flower visitors is poorly understood. One potential issue with studying moth‐pollination systems is determining which approach to use in order to acquire data and reveal pollination patterns and dynamics. Based on reports from the literature and the authors' own research, this paper outlines eight approaches that can be employed to search for patterns of flower visitation by moths.2. The outlined approaches include searching the internet and online databases, sampling ecosystems, monitoring specific flowers, using artificial baits and floral scent lures, using moth phylogeny, proboscis morphology, and DNA and environmental DNA metabarcoding, which are supplemented with a brief description of the techniques and examples for each approach.3. Each approach has the potential to increase researchers' knowledge of associations between moths and the flowers that they visit, but their relative strengths and limitations are dependent on scope, efficacy of application, technical expertise, and level of effort.4. Each of these approaches, alone or in combination, are likely to be useful in the search for novel information on the natural history of flower visitation by moths and other potential pollinators.
Immunosenescence in wild animals: meta‐analysis and outlook
Authors: Peters Anne , Delhey Kaspar , Nakagawa Shinichi , Aulsebrook Anne , Verhulst Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractImmunosenescence, the decline in immune defense with age, is an important mortality source in elderly humans but little is known of immunosenescence in wild animals. We systematically reviewed and meta‐analysed evidence for age‐related changes in immunity in captive and free‐living populations of wild species (321 effect sizes in 62 studies across 44 species of mammals, birds and reptiles). As in humans, senescence was more evident in adaptive (acquired) than innate immune functions. Declines were evident for cell function (antibody response), the relative abundance of naïve immune cells and an in vivo measure of overall immune responsiveness (local response to phytohaemagglutinin injection). Inflammatory markers increased with age, similar to chronic inflammation associated with human immunosenescence. Comparisons across taxa and captive vs free‐living animals were difficult due to lack of overlap in parameters and species measured. Most studies are cross‐sectional, which yields biased estimates of age‐effects when immune function co‐varies with survival. We therefore suggest longitudinal sampling approaches, and highlight techniques from human cohort studies that can be incorporated into ecological research. We also identify avenues to address predictions from evolutionary theory and the contribution of immunosenescence to age‐related increases in disease susceptibility and mortality.
Effects of ionizing irradiation and interface backscatter on human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on titanium surfaces
Authors: Printzell Lisa , Reseland Janne E. , Edin Nina F. J. , Ellingsen Jan E. 
Published: July 2019

Radiotherapy to the head and neck region negatively influences the osseointegration and survival of dental implants. The effects of cobalt 60 (60Co) ionizing radiation and the impact of backscatter rays were investigated on human mesenchymal stem cells cultured on titanium surfaces. Bone marrow‐derived human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on titanium (Ti), fluoride‐modified titanium (TiF), and tissue culture plastic. Cells were exposed to ionizing γ‐radiation in single doses of 2, 6, or 10 Gy using a 60Co source. Density and distribution of cells were evaluated using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy, 21 d post‐irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase concentration and the levels of total protein and cytokines/chemokines were measured in the cell‐culture medium on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post‐irradiation. Unirradiated cells were used as the control. Irradiation had no effect on cell viability, collagen and actin expression, or cell distribution, but induced an initial increase in the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP‐1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), followed by a decrease in secretion after 3 or 7 d. Irradiation resulted in secretion of a lower amount of all analytes examined compared with controls on day 21, irrespective of radiation dose and growth surface. Backscattering from titanium did not influence the cell response significantly, suggesting a clinical potential for achieving successful osseointegration of dental implants placed before radiotherapy.
NA3 glycan: a potential therapy for retinal pigment epithelial deficiency
Authors: Chintalapudi Sumana R. , Wang XiangDi , Wang XiaoFei , Shi Yunfeng , Kocak Mehmet , Palamoor Mallika , Davis Raven N. , Hollingsworth T. J. , Jablonski Monica M. 
Published: July 2019

Atrophic age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common type of AMD, yet there is no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved therapy. This disease is characterized by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) insufficiency, primarily in the macula, which affects the structure and physiology of photoreceptors and ultimately, visual function. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of a naturally derived small molecule glycan therapeutic—asialo‐, tri‐antennary complex‐type N‐glycan (NA3)—in two distinct preclinical models of atrophic AMD. In RPE‐deprived Xenopus laevis tadpole eyes, NA3 supported normal retinal ultrastructure. In RCS rats, NA3 supported fully functioning visual integrity. Furthermore, structural analyses revealed that NA3 prevented photoreceptor outer segment degeneration, pyknosis of the outer nuclear layer, and reactive gliosis of Müller cells (MCs). It also promoted maturation of adherens junctions between MC and photoreceptors. Our results demonstrate the neuroprotective effects of a naturally derived small molecular glycan therapeutic—NA3—in two unique preclinical models with RPE insufficiency. These data suggest that NA3 glycan therapy may provide a new therapeutic avenue in the prevention and/or treatment of retinal diseases such as atrophic AMD.
Option trading after the opening bell and intraday stock return predictability
Authors: Bergsma Kelley , Fodor Andy , Singal Vijay , Tayal Jitendra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrior literature finds that information is reflected in option markets before stock markets, but no study has explored whether option volume soon after market open has predictive power for intraday stock returns. Using novel intraday signed option‐to‐stock volume data, we find that a composite option trading score (OTS) in the first 30 min of market open predicts stock returns during the rest of the trading day. Such return predictability is greater for smaller stocks, stocks with higher idiosyncratic volatility, and stocks with higher bid–ask spreads relative to their options’ bid–ask spreads. Moreover, OTS is a significantly stronger predictor of intraday stock returns after overnight earnings announcements. The evidence suggests that option trading in the 30 min after the opening bell has predictive power for intraday stock returns.
Adaptive radiation of barbs of the genusLabeobarbus(Cyprinidae) in an East African river
Authors: Levin Boris A. , Casal‐López Miriam , Simonov Evgeniy , Dgebuadze Yuri Y. , Mugue Nikolay S. , Tiunov Alexey V. , Doadrio Ignacio , Golubtsov Alexander S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLarge African barbs of the genusLabeobarbusconstitute a hexaploid lineage (2n = 150). This group is widely distributed in African freshwaters, and exhibits profound phenotypic variation that could be a prerequisite for adaptive radiation.Using morphological, molecular, and stable isotope analyses, we investigated whether an adaptive radiation has occurred in a riverine assemblage of theLabeobarbus gananensiscomplex. This complex is composed of six phenotypically distinct sympatric forms inhabiting the Genale River (Ethiopian highlands, East Africa) in the Juba and Wabe–Shebelle drainages (Indian Ocean basin).Of the six forms, five were divergent in their mouth morphology, corresponding togeneralised,lipped,scraping(two forms), andlarge‐mouthedphenotypes. One form had no mouth specialisation, but differed from the others in body shape (short and deep body;shortform). Stable isotope analysis revealed differences in15N among these forms, representing different foraging strategies (omnivorous, scraping, and piscivorous). Phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrialDNAmarkers confirmed the monophyly ofL. gananensis, suggesting an intra‐riverine radiation.However, the Genale assemblage appears to have originated through a combination of allopatric and sympatric events. Some of the specialised forms within the Juba and Wabe–Shebelle drainage originated independently from the local generalised forms in three different river regions. Each of these cases could be considered as a small species flock composed of two or three sympatric forms. Our study shows that adaptive radiation in rivers can be enhanced by a combination of sympatric speciation and temporal geographic isolation, leading to local sympatric speciation followed by migration.
Parallels and contrasts between intermittently freezing and drying streams: From individual adaptations to biodiversity variation
Authors: Tolonen Katri E. , Picazo Félix , Vilmi Annika , Datry Thibault , Stubbington Rachel , Pařil Petr , Perez Rocha Mariana , Heino Jani 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Intermittently freezing and drying lotic systems are common in many parts of the world. These ecosystems provide dynamic habitats for biota, as both freezing and drying processes result in the loss of water flow along stream and river channels. However, research into the ecological effects of intermittent freezing on stream biota has remained relatively scarce compared to the recent increase in studies exploring the ecology of intermittent streams that dry.

Climate change is predicted to alter the distribution and dynamics of intermittently freezing stream types. A better understanding of the responses of stream biota to intermittent freezing would inform predictions of the effects of ongoing climate change on these ecosystems.

In this review, we compare the effects of both freezing and drying events on stream biota, ranging from individual‐level adaptations to population effects, community‐level biodiversity variation and food webs.

Despite major contrasts in environmental conditions (e.g. the drying stream channels are exposed to a direct interaction with the riparian zone during the dry phases and the freezing stream channels are enclosed during the freezing phases), we show that both freezing and drying phenomena have pervasive effects on the structure and dynamics of aquatic stream biota.

At the individual organism level, aquatic taxa use a range of physiological, morphological, life‐history, and behavioural responses to persist despite changing habitat conditions in both freezing and drying streams. The variety of organisms’ responses can result in both biodiversity increases and decreases, which may affect population and community dynamics in both ecosystem types.

Future research should further explore the population and community‐level effects of freezing in stream ecosystems. Due to the ecological parallels between intermittently drying and freezing streams, approaches developed in research into drying streams may also be applied in freezing stream ecosystems. This could improve our understanding of climate change effects on freezing stream ecosystems.
Widespread drought‐induced tree mortality at dry range edges indicates that climate stress exceeds species' compensating mechanisms
Authors: Anderegg William R. L. , Anderegg Leander D. L. , Kerr Kelly L. , Trugman Anna T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrought‐induced tree mortality is projected to increase due to climate change, which will have manifold ecological and societal impacts including the potential to weaken or reverse the terrestrial carbon sink. Predictions of tree mortality remain limited, in large part because within‐species variations in ecophysiology due to plasticity or adaptation and ecosystem adjustments could buffer mortality in dry locations. Here, we conduct a meta‐analysis of 50 studies spanning >100 woody plant species globally to quantify how populations within species vary in vulnerability to drought mortality and whether functional traits or climate mediate mortality patterns. We find that mortality predominantly occurs in drier populations and this pattern is more pronounced in species with xylem that can tolerate highly negative water potentials, typically considered to be an adaptive trait for dry regions, and species that experience higher variability in water stress. Our results indicate that climate stress has exceeded physiological and ecosystem‐level tolerance or compensating mechanisms by triggering extensive mortality at dry range edges and provides a foundation for future mortality projections in empirical distribution and mechanistic vegetation models.
Does gender influence cardiovascular remodeling in C57BL/6J mice fed a high‐fat, high‐sucrose and high‐salt diet?
Authors: Pereira‐Silva Debora Cristina , Machado‐Silva Rayane Paula , Castro‐Pinheiro Camila , Fernandes‐Santos Caroline 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAnimal models are widely used to study the physiopathology of human diseases. However, the influence of gender on modern society diet style‐induced cardiovascular disease has not thus far been explored in these models. Thus, this study investigated cardiovascular remodelling in C57BL/6J mice fed a diet rich in saturated fat, sucrose and salt, evaluating gender effect on this process. Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fed AIN93M diet or a modified AIN93M rich in fat, sucrose and salt (HFSS) for 12 weeks. Body mass, water and food intake and cardiovascular remodelling were assessed. The HFSS diet did not lead to body mass gain or glucose metabolism disturbance as assessed by serum glucose, insulin and oral glucose tolerance test. However, female mice on a HFSS diet had increased visceral and subcutaneous adiposity. Only male mice displayed heart hypertrophy. The left ventricle was not hypertrophied in either male or female mice, but its lumen was dilated. Intramyocardial arteries and the thoracic aorta showed media thickening in male mice, but in the female it was only observed in the thoracic aorta. Finally, intramyocardial artery dilation was present in both genders, but not in the aorta. Therefore changes in LV dimensions and arterial remodelling were influenced by both gender and the HFSS diet. In conclusion, male and female C57BL/6J mice suffered cardiovascular remodelling after 12 weeks of HFSS feeding, although they did not develop obesity or diabetes. Sexual dimorphism occurred in response to diet for body adiposity, heart hypertrophy and intramyocardial artery remodelling.
T‐cell activation by transgenic rice seeds expressing the genetically modified Japanese cedar pollen allergens
Authors: Takaishi Shinya , Saito Saburo , Endo Tomonori , Asaka Daiya , Wakasa Yuhya , Takagi Hidenori , Ozawa Kenjiro , Takaiwa Fumio , Otori Nobuyoshi , Kojima Hiromi 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTransgenic rice seeds that contain genetically modified Cry j 1 and Cry j 2, the two major allergens of Cryptomeria japonica (Japanese cedar; JC), have been developed as immunotherapeutic candidates for JC pollinosis. Because the transgenic rice (TG‐rice) seeds express allergens containing whole amino acid sequences of Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 in the endosperm tissue (edible part of rice grain), they can potentially target all Cry j 1‐ and Cry j 2‐specific T‐cells. However, it was unknown whether antigenicity of Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 could be completely preserved in TG‐rice seeds. We verified the antigenicity of TG‐rice seeds to T‐cells through the analysis of the proliferative responses of T‐cells in Cry j 1‐ or Cry j 2‐immunized mice or T‐cell lines to TG‐rice seed extract. First, four mouse strains were immunized with Cry j 1 or Cry j 2. T‐cells in the immunized mice proliferated on treatment with TG‐rice seed extract, but not non‐transgenic wild‐type rice (WT‐rice) seed extract. Furthermore, T‐cell lines were established from the spleen cells of the immunized mice. Each T‐cell line resulted in a proliferative response to TG‐rice seed extract, but not to WT‐rice seed extract, suggesting that TG‐rice seeds certainly express T‐cell epitopes corresponding to T‐cell lines. Considering the modified amino acid sequences of Cry j 1 and Cry j 2 in TG‐rice seeds, the expression of specific T‐cell epitopes suggested that TG‐rice seeds express all possible T‐cell epitope repertoires of Cry j 1 and Cry j 2.
Enterprise architecture implementation as interpersonal connection: Building support and commitment
Authors: Dale Mark , Scheepers Helana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough architects are often made responsible for enterprise architecture implementation (EAI), they are dependent on business executives to fund the technology products and technology executives to provide staff and resources to support their implementation. Moreover, existing research into EAI focuses on the technical and social conditions associated with EAI success and failure and, to a lesser extent, on the influence of interpersonal interactions between architects and their stakeholders through which the EAI is enacted. Against that backdrop, we examine EAI from the perspective of the architects and their stakeholders with a focus on how architects can build commitment to and support for implementation of the selected technology products and programmes. Specifically, we rely on communities of practice (CoP) theory to investigate two cases of EAI with a focus on practices that enabled or prevented the architects from building communities with requisite commitment to and support for their efforts. We find that whilst the involved architects were required to liaise with business and technology stakeholders, their practices did not allow them to effectively build the necessary connections, and their EAI initiatives suffered accordingly. As a result, we theorize the permeability of community boundaries around architects as key to the success of EAI: When architects prioritize what they think is important over the views and concerns of business and technology stakeholders community, a dominant intra‐CoP perspective will emerge, and boundaries around the community of architects will be reinforced, preventing stakeholders with legitimate interests in the EAI to influence the process; in contrast, when architects prioritize engaging with the viewpoints and concerns of business and technology stakeholders community, boundaries will become permeable, and an intercommunity CoP will emerge, enabling knowledge sharing and negotiations between everyone with legitimate interests in the EAI.
Serotonin system genes and obsessive‐compulsive trait dimensions in a population‐based, pediatric sample: a genetic association study
Authors: Sinopoli Vanessa M. , Erdman Lauren , Burton Christie L. , Park Laura S. , Dupuis Annie , Shan Janet , Goodale Tara , Shaheen S.‐M. , Crosbie Jennifer , Schachar Russell J. , Arnold Paul D. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSerotonin system genes are commonly studied in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), but genetic studies to date have produced inconsistent results, possibly because phenotypic heterogeneity has not been adequately accounted for. In this paper, we studied candidate serotonergic genes and homogenous phenotypic subgroups as presented through obsessive‐compulsive (OC) trait dimensions in a general population of children and adolescents. We hypothesized that different serotonergic gene variants are associated with different OC trait dimensions and, furthermore, that they vary by sex.MethodsObsessive‐compulsive trait dimensions (Cleaning/Contamination, Counting/Checking, Symmetry/Ordering, Superstition, Rumination, and Hoarding) were examined in a total of 5,213 pediatric participants in the community using the Toronto Obsessive‐Compulsive Scale (TOCS). We genotyped candidate serotonin genes (directly genotyping the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism in SLC6A4 for 2018 individuals and using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data for genes SLC6A4, HTR2A, and HTR1B for 4711 individuals). We assessed the association between variants across these genes and each of the OC trait dimensions, within males and females separately. We analyzed OC traits as both (a) dichotomized based on a threshold value and (b) quantitative scores.ResultsThe [LG + S] variant in 5‐HTTLPR was significantly associated with hoarding in males (p‐value of 0.003 and 0.004 for categorical and continuous analyses, respectively). There were no significant findings for 5‐HTTLPR in females. Using SNP array data, there were significant findings for rumination in males for HTR2A SNPs (p‐value of 1.04e‐6 to 5.20e‐6).ConclusionsThis represents the first genetic association study of OC trait dimensions in a community‐based pediatric sample. Our strongest results indicate that hoarding and rumination may be distinct in their association with serotonin gene variants and that serotonin gene variation may be specific to sex. Future genetic association studies in OCD should properly account for heterogeneity, using homogenous subgroups stratified by symptom dimension, sex, and age group.
Relationship between preexisting mental disorders and prognosis of gynecologic cancers: A case–control study
Authors: Tamauchi Satoshi , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Moriyama Yoshinori , Yoshihara Masato , Ikeda Yoshiki , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Nishino Kimihiro , Niimi Kaoru , Suzuki Shiro , Kikkawa Fumitaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimCancer treatment involves long‐term therapy and follow‐up, with mental disorders (MD) often affecting the treatment process. Hence, in this study, we retrospectively analyze cases involving gynecologic cancer with MD and clarify the relationship between psychosis and cancer prognosis.MethodsPatients with both gynecologic cancer and MD from January 2003 to August 2016 were recruited in this study. Cases were limited to those whose MD had been diagnosed before their cancer. Control patients without MD were also analyzed. Both cases and controls were adjusted for age, cancer type, and cancer stage.ResultsA total of 54 patients with gynecologic cancer and MD, as well as 108 controls without MD, were included. The median age of the patients was 52 years. Details regarding cancer type were as follows: 11 ovarian cancers, 26 uterine corpus cancers and 17 cervical cancers. Among these, 25 schizophrenia cases, 15 depressive disorders, 4 bipolar disorders and 10 other MD were recorded. No significant differences in the 5‐year survival rate were found between patients and controls. In advanced‐stage cervical cancer, however, the prognosis was significantly poor given the low rate of initial treatment completion. Moreover, patients with advanced‐stage cervical cancer had significantly lower chemotherapy completion rates compared to those with other gynecologic malignancies.ConclusionMental disorders do not affect the prognosis of gynecologic cancers, except for advanced cervical cancer. Accordingly, improving the low rate of initial treatment completion seems to be a focal point for better prognosis in advanced cervical cancer.