bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection in Electron–Positron–Proton Plasmas: Implications for Jets of Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Sironi Lorenzo , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Giannios Dimitrios 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the nonthermal radiation of relativistic outflows, including jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Motivated by the largely unknown plasma composition of AGN jets, we study reconnection in the unexplored regime of electron–positron–proton (pair-proton) plasmas with large-scale two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We cover a wide range of pair multiplicities (lepton-to-proton number ratio κ = 1–199) for different values of the all-species plasma magnetization (σ = 1, 3, and 10) and electron temperature (

). We focus on the dependence of the post-reconnection energy partition and lepton energy spectra on the hot pair plasma magnetization

(i.e., the ratio of magnetic to pair enthalpy densities). We find that the post-reconnection energy is shared roughly equally between magnetic fields, pairs, and protons for

≳ 3. We empirically find that the mean lepton Lorentz factor in the post-reconnection region depends on σ, Θ
e
, and

as

, for σ ≥ 1. The high-energy part of the post-reconnection lepton energy distributions can be described by a power law, whose slope is mainly controlled by

for κ ≳ 3–6, with harder power laws obtained for higher magnetizations. We finally show that reconnection in pair-proton plasmas with multiplicities κ ∼ 1–20, magnetizations σ ∼ 1–10, and temperatures Θ
e
∼ 1–10 results in particle power-law slopes and average electron Lorentz factors that are consistent with those inferred in leptonic models of AGN jet emission.
Prediction of Flares within 10 Days before They Occur on the Sun
Authors: Alipour Nasibe , Mohammadi Faranak , Safari Hossein 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Prediction of solar flares due to the effects on Earth and satellites is an important topic for scientists. We develop a method and a tool for flare prediction by applying the support vector machine classifier to unique and independent Zernike moments extracted from active region (AR) images. In the analysis, we used the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) line-of-sight magnetograms, the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) ultraviolet (UV at 1600 Å) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV at 304, 171, 193, 211, 335, 94, and 131 Å) images for a period of eight years of the solar cycle 24 (2010 June to 2018 September). The power-law behavior for the frequency distribution of the large flaring time window—the time interval between the occurrence of an AR and first large flare (X- and M-class) therein—indicated that most of the large flares appeared within 150 hr. The True Skill Score (TSS) metric for the performance of the win classifier that (uses the outputs of the HMI and AIA at 193, 211, 94, and 131 Å classifiers) was obtained as 0.86 ± 0.04. We also showed that the maximum value of the TSS for prediction of large flares for the win classifiers was about 0.95 ± 0.03 on the flaring day and decreased to 0.76 ± 0.1 within 4 to 10 days before flaring.
Hierarchical Particle Mesh: An FFT-accelerated Fast Multipole Method
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
I describe a modification to the original Fast Multipole Method (FMM) of Greengard & Rokhlin that approximates the gravitation field of an FMM cell as a small uniform grid (a “gridlet”) of effective masses. The effective masses on a gridlet are set from the requirement that the multipole moments of the FMM cells are reproduced exactly, hence preserving the accuracy of the gravitational field representation. The calculation of the gravitational field from a multipole expansion can then be computed for all multipole orders simultaneously, with a single Fast Fourier Transform, significantly reducing the computational cost at a given value of the required accuracy. The described approach belongs to the class of “kernel independent” variants of the FMM method and works with any Green function.
Exploring a Photospheric Radius Correction to Model Secondary Eclipse Spectra for Transiting Exoplanets
Authors: Fortney Jonathan J. , Lupu Roxana E. , Morley Caroline V. , Freedman Richard S. , Hood Callie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We highlight a physical effect that is often not considered that impacts the calculation of model spectra of planets at secondary eclipse, affecting both emission and reflection spectra. The radius of the emitting surface of the planet is not merely one value measured from a transit light curve, but is itself a function of wavelength, yet it is not directly measurable. At high precision, a similar effect is well known in transit “transmission spectroscopy” but this related effect also impacts emission and reflection. As is well appreciated, the photospheric radius can vary across ∼4–8 atmospheric scale heights, depending on atmospheric opacity and spectral resolution. This effect leads to a decreased weighting in model calculations at wavelengths where atmospheric opacity is low, and one sees more deeply into the atmosphere, to a smaller radius. The overall effect serves to mute emission spectra features for atmospheres with no thermal inversion but to enhance features for atmospheres with a thermal inversion. While this effect can be ignored for current Hubble observations, it can lead to wavelength-dependent 10%–20% changes in planet-to-star flux ratios in the infrared at R ∼ 200–1000 (readily achievable for James Webb Space Telescope) for low-gravity hot Jupiters, although values of 5% are more typical for the population. The effect is mostly controlled by the ratio of the atmospheric scale height to the planet radius, and can be important at any planetary temperature. Of known planets, the effect is largest for the cool “super-puffs” at very low surface gravity, where it can alter calculated flux ratios by over 100%. We discuss complexities of including this photospheric radius effect in 1D and 3D atmosphere models.
La singularité de la géopolitique indienne en Afrique
Authors: Jain-Grégoire Pooja 
Published: July 2019

Le succès d’une géopolitique est soit lié aux ressources mobilisées à son effet, soit à sa singularité. Politique postcoloniale aux ressources limitées, comment la géopolitique indienne se démarque-t-elle en Afrique ? Quelles sont les caractéristiques singulières de cette géopolitique ? Notre analyse privilégie trois axes de réflexion. La première partie de l’article analyse le discours géopolitique de l’Inde. Autrement dit, quels sont les repères singuliers de ce discours ? Comment contribue-t-il à maintenir et renouveler les relations de l’Inde avec l’Afrique ? La deuxième partie se prête à une analyse des acteurs qui se trouvent au cœur de cette géopolitique. Quelle est la singularité des interactions entre les secteurs public et privé indiens en Afrique ? La troisième et dernière partie de cet article se consacre à la compréhension du soft power indien en Afrique. L’article se termine avec une analyse des risques menaçant la durabilité de cette géopolitique indienne en Afrique.
La diplomatie multilatérale de l’Inde : entre engagement constant et choix intéressés
Authors: Soulé Folashadé 
Published: July 2019

Depuis son accession à l’indépendance en août 1947, la politique étrangère de l’Inde a été marquée par un fort engagement dans des formes multiples de coopération multilatérale. Cet engagement se reflète en pratique par un fort activisme dans les organisations internationales formelles et larges comme l’ONU mais également en parallèle dans des formes plus souples et semi-formelles de coopération comme les clubs rassemblant d’autres puissances régionales et dites « émergentes » comme le Brésil, l’Inde et l’Afrique du Sud ou encore le G20. Cet article axé sur la période 1947-2014 introduit dans un premier temps les évolutions de la diplomatie Sud-Sud de l’Inde, et analyse dans un second temps les fonctions et usages de l’engagement de l’Inde dans des forums sélectifs à l’image des clubs d’émergents comme le forum Inde-Brésil-Afrique du Sud et le forum Brésil-Russie-Inde-Chine-Afrique du Sud et comment la participation de l’Inde dans ces structures sélectives contribue à lui faire gagner des marges de manœuvre politiques. Nous analyserons ensuite de manière critique comment cette participation active se retrouve toutefois limitée par des concurrences régionales entre l’Inde et la Chine et par un déficit de capacités structurelles.
Autour de quelques impensés du sens commun sociologique
Authors: Giry Johan 
Published: July 2019

Dans un contexte intellectuel où l’on aurait pu attendre des tentatives récurrentes de délégitimation de la sociologie qu’elles suscitent en retour une distanciation de ses praticiens vis-à-vis de leur propre sens commun, cet article pointe certains impensés qui grèvent encore les diagnostics de « crise » émis à l’endroit de cette discipline. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur l’espace de réflexivité dégagé, en partie malgré lui, par Marc Joly dans son ouvrage Pour Bourdieu (2018), à l’occasion duquel il s’emploie à disqualifier les griefs formulés contre l’architecture conceptuelle bourdieusienne par Jean-Louis Fabiani ( Pierre Bourdieu. Un structuralisme héroïque , 2016). Quatre impensés ressortent de cette lecture critique de la critique : 1) le structuralisme est-il bien le continuateur du holisme ? 2) L’action sociale peut-elle s’appréhender uniquement à l’aune de la métaphore du jeu ? 3) La « pluralité » du social n’est-elle qu’un prétexte à la revalorisation philosophique du « sujet » ? 4) La sociologie pourrait-elle profiter, à terme, du renouveau du naturalisme social ? Cet article montre que, faute de proposer, sinon d’assumer complètement, une quadruple négation de ces impensés, nous nous privons collectivement de repères pourtant essentiels à la saisie des sources de la crise actuelle de la sociologie comme de ses possibles issues.
Utilité du test de marche de 6 minutes comme outil d’évaluation de la poursuite de l’activité physique après une rééducation réadaptation cardiovasculaire
Authors: Racodon Michaël , Porrovecchio Alessandro , Pezé Thierry 
Published: July 2019

Résumé : l’évaluation de l’éducation thérapeutique du patient fait partie intégrante des programmes de rééducation réadaptation cardiovasculaire. Notamment l’évaluation de la poursuite de l’activité physique après une rééducation. Les outils d’évaluation de la poursuite d’activités physiques sont peu nombreux et nous pouvons penser que l’utilisation d’un test de terrain comme le test de marche de 6 minutes peut donner quelques indications. Objectif : cette recherche étudie l’utilité du test de marche de 6 minutes comme outil d’évaluation du maintien de la pratique physique à distance de la rééducation. Méthodes : nous avons mené une étude rétrospective sur 168 patients (133 hommes et 35 femmes) âgés de 60,65 ans (+/-9,7). Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les données de l’épreuve d’effort et du test de marche de 6 minutes à l’entrée et à la fin de la rééducation. Puis dans un deuxième temps nous avons étudié les données d’un test de marche de 6 minutes et d’un questionnaire IPAQ réalisés 6 mois, après la fin de la rééducation. Résultat : le test de marche de 6 minutes est corrélé de manière significative à l’épreuve d’effort initiale et finale (r= 0,5456, p <0,001 pour épreuve d’effort initiale, r= 0,604, p <0,001 pour épreuve d’effort finale), ce qui confirme la validité de ce test en rééducation cardiovasculaire. Nous avons observé une légère corrélation entre le test de marche de 6 minutes et le questionnaire IPAQ (r= 0,3923, p <0,001) 6 mois après la rééducation. Selon les résultats de l’IPAQ, les patients qui ont des dépenses physiques importantes durant la semaine conservent leur distance de marche lors du test de marche de 6 minutes. Conclusion : le test de marche de 6 minutes est un test fiable en rééducation cardiovasculaire. Il peut être combiné avec un questionnaire IPAQ, pour évaluer à distance de la rééducation, l’observance des patients concernant la pratique physique.
Comment favoriser la sécurité psychologique des étudiants en soins infirmiers lors de l’enseignement des gestes et soins d’urgence par simulation ?
Authors: Spill Christine , Gatin Amélie 
Published: July 2019

Contexte : depuis 2006, les étudiants en soins infirmiers sont formés aux gestes et soins d’urgence par la simulation. Cette dernière peut être source d’insécurité psychologique. But : l’étude vise à explorer les stratégies déployées par les formateurs à l’attestation de formation aux gestes et soins d’urgence (AFGSU) pour garantir la sécurité psychologique des étudiants lors d’une séance de simulation. Méthode : une recherche qualitative a été réalisée, dans une approche exploratoire, par entretiens semi-directifs auprès de formateurs AFGSU intervenant en semestre 2. Résultats : les formateurs déploient des stratégies de prévention en regard de facteurs de risque d’insécurité psychologique. Lorsque l’étudiant est en insécurité voire en détresse, ils mobilisent des outils de remédiation. Ces stratégies interviennent aux trois temps de la simulation : le briefing, le scénario et le débriefing. Discussion : en simulation, l’importance des risques psychologiques pour les étudiants doit être prise en considération par les formateurs. Les risques doivent être anticipés dès la conception et l’exécution des séances de simulation. Conclusion : la gestion des étudiants en détresse psychologique doit-être mieux abordée en formation de formateur AFGSU.
Intestinal Macrophages in Resolving Inflammation
Authors: Hine Ashley M. , Loke P’ng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Macrophages not only regulate intestinal homeostasis by recognizing pathogens to control enteric infections but also employ negative feedback mechanisms to prevent chronic inflammation. Hence, macrophages are intriguing targets for immune-mediated therapies, especially when barrier function in the gut is compromised to trigger aberrant inflammatory responses, most notably during inflammatory bowel diseases. Recently, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of human macrophage biology in different tissues, including the intestines. In this review, we discuss some new findings on the properties of distinct populations of intestinal macrophages, how resolution of inflammation and tissue repair by macrophages could be promoted by type 2 cytokines as well as other therapeutic interventions, and highlight some challenges for translating these findings into the future for this exciting area of immunology research.
A 14-Day Recovery and Physical Activity Levels After an Ankle Sprain in Mice
Authors: Hubbard-Turner Tricia , Wikstrom Erik A. , Turner Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Context
Research is needed to find ways of improving physical activity after a lateral ankle sprain.

Objective
To investigate the effects of a prolonged rest period on lifelong activity after a surgically induced ankle sprain.

Design
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
A total of 18 male CBA/J mice (age at surgery = 7 weeks).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We transected the anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament of the right hindlimb. Each mouse was placed in a separate cage and randomized into 1 of 3 groups of 6 mice each. A running wheel was placed in each cage at 3 days, 7 days, or 14 days after surgery. Physical activity was measured daily. Daily duration (ie, time spent on the wheel), distance, and running speed were examined using analysis of variance (group × age) with repeated measures at 15-week periods to approximate the first 3 quartiles of the lifespan.

Results
From weeks 3 to 15 after surgery, we observed no differences in duration, distance, or running speed among groups (P &gt; .05). From weeks 16 to 30, distance (F2,14 = 0.57, P = .041) and running speed (F2,14 = 0.93, P = .01) were greater in the 14-day group than in the 3- and 7-day groups. From weeks 31 to 45, duration (F2,14 = 0.74, P = .02), distance (F2,14 = 0.95, P = .009), and running speed (F2,14 = 1.05, P = .007) were greater in the 14-day group than in the 3- and 7-day groups.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the longer recovery period of 14 days can increase activity levels throughout the lifespan after a severe ankle sprain. Rest after an ankle injury is critical to restoring physical activity levels across the lifespan. Rest and time away from exercise after an ankle sprain may be necessary to restore physical activity to normal, uninjured levels.
Demographic and Histopathologic Profile of Pediatric Patients with Primary Brain Tumors Attending a Regional Cancer Center
Authors: Mehta Dhruv Pankaj , Anand Asha S , Patel Dipak , Trivedi Priti , Panchal Harsha , Patel Apurva , Shah Sandip A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Primary brain tumors (PBTs) are the most common solid childhood malignancies. However, epidemiologic profile of these tumors is scarce in developing nation like India. Objective of Study: The objective of this study was to study the demographic and histopathologic profile of pediatric patients with PBTs residing in Gujarat, and attending the Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad. Materials and Methods: Data regarding age, gender, anatomical site, and histopathology (according to the World Health Organization classification) of 242 patients with brain tumors (0–18 years) operated over 10 years (January 2006 to December 2015) were collected retrospectively, and analyzed. Results: Of total 242 patients with PBTs, 78.1% were from 5 to 14 years age group with the mean age being 9.38 ± 3.82 years (95% confidence interval). Brain tumors were more common in males (64.1%) as compared to females (35.9%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.78:1. The most common anatomical site was cerebellum (46.3%), followed by cerebral hemispheres (14.1%). Infratentorial tumors (60.9%) were predominant than supratentorial tumors (39.1%) in 0–14 years age group while supratentorial tumors (58.3%) were predominant than infratentorial tumors (41.7%) in 15–18 years age group. Astrocytic tumors (38.9%) and embryonal tumors including medulloblastomas, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid teratomas (34.7%) were the most common histological subtypes comprising three-quarters of all tumors. Ependymomas (16.1%) and craniopharyngiomas (5%) were third and fourth most common tumors, respectively. Among astrocytic tumors, 71.3% were of lower grade histology (Grade I and II). Conclusions: Astrocytomas and medulloblastomas, which form the major histologic subtypes in children residing in Gujarat, needs special attention with respect to the distribution of infrastructure and resources. Histopathological profiles of cohort in this study do not differ substantially from other hospital-based and population-based studies.
Successful Usage of External Beam Radiation to Myeloma Cutaneous Lesions in Patient with Refractory, Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Khadanga Chira Ranjan , Saikumar B , Sujatha K , Vaggu Anand Kumar , Kuraparthy Sambasivaiah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCutaneous myeloma lesions are rare. External beam radiation is effective in inducing remission in cutaneous myeloma lesions.
Thermo Mammogram as a Tool to Assess Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Shanmugam Subbiah , Govindasamy Gopu , Susikar Sujay , Palaniyandi Muniasamy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is predicted by clinical examination alone in locally advanced breast carcinoma. This study uses thermo mammogram (TMG) to assess the response. Aim and Objectives: The aim is to study TMG changes during NACT in breast cancer and predict response to NACT in locally advanced carcinoma and to compare clinical response with TMG response/changes in any form. Patients and Methods: All patients with locally advanced breast cancer who had treated with NACT were included in this study. Baseline TMG picture was taken using illumina360° (digital robotic rotational thermography device for 360 degree view of each breast) system before chemotherapy. TMG was repeated before next cycle. All patients were also assessed clinically during and after each cycle of chemotherapy. To assess the potential of TMG in predicting tissue response to chemotherapy, the precool, postcool, and the temperature difference between precool and postcool before every cycle were analyzed. Results: A total of 19 patients were analyzed. Eight patients had complete clinical response, six patients had partial response, and five patients had static disease. Median of precool, temperature difference between precool and postcool for patients between no response and complete response did not show statistically significant difference. However, the median of postcool spot temperature showed statistically significant difference. Median of postcool temperature difference for patients between partial response and complete response showed statistically significant difference. The median of postcool spot temperature for patients with no response and partial response did not show statistically significant difference. Precool temperature difference for all the visits showed no statistically significant difference. Conclusion: This preliminary study suggests that the TMG has potential for monitoring NACT response in breast cancer patients. Postcool temperature measurement is an early indicator of response to NACT.
Pseudoprogression in Rectal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Meena Virendra , Sureka Binit , Elhence Poonam , Gautam Mayuresh , Garg Pawan , Khera Pushpinder Singh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common mesenchymal intestinal neoplasms, rectal GISTs are rare mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract. We describe a case of rectal GIST in a 63-year-old male. The patient was given imatinib monotherapy and was further followed up by contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen for response assessment. We conclude that although rectal GISTs are extremely uncommon, it should be considered as a differential when any rectal mass is incidentally detected. Oncologists and radiologists should also be aware of pseudoprogression phenomena of GISTs in evaluating tumor response.
ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma Diagnosed on Liver Biopsy in a Child Presenting with Nonresolving Pyrexia
Authors: Kakkar Aanchal , Sharma Bhavna , Das Prasenjit , Jain Siddharth , Dattagupta Siddharth , Sood Rita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurring in adulthood. We report a case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with a 6-month history of fever with jaundice and pancytopenia. Computed tomography abdomen showed multiple hypodense lesions in the liver. Bone marrow biopsy revealed necrotizing granulomas. The patient was treated with antitubercular treatment but failed to show a response. Liver biopsy performed subsequently showed features of ALK-negative ALCL. Extranodal involvement in ALK-negative ALCL can have unusual clinical presentations. This case highlights the utility of timely tissue diagnosis in patients with nonresolving pyrexia and organ lesions on imaging.
Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Parotid Gland Presenting as Disseminated Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Metastasis after 20 Years of Initial Presentation
Authors: Shah Ashini , Mehta Shailee , Gami Amisha , Jetly Dhaval 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon variety of salivary gland neoplasms, constituting about 17% of all salivary gland malignancies. Although ACC is a low-grade tumor, approximately 35% of patients experience recurrence and 16% have distant metastasis, often decades after the initial presentation. We report a rare case of disseminated metastatic ACC in skin and subcutaneous tissue in a 50-year-old male, with a history of surgery in parotid region 20 years back. After thorough search of literature, this is the second case being reported, to the best of our knowledge.