bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Possible Adverse Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Maternal and Fetal Glomeruli by Urine and Amniotic Fluid Podocyte Degradation Products
Authors: Cagiran Fatma Tanilir , Mavral Nihal , Kali Zercan , Kirici Pinar 
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To compare the levels of podocyte damage markers nephrin and podocalyxin in urine samples taken at the time of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis and at birth. Amniotic fluid podocalyxin (pdx) and nephrin levels were also analyzed to determine whether GDM had an impact on fetal glomeruli. Methods: A total of 50 patients, including 24 patients diagnosed with gestational diabetes and 26 healthy pregnant women whose gestational weeks were matched, were included in the study. GDM was diagnosed with a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Fresh morning urine samples from patients diagnosed with GDM were collected. The second urine sample was collected with the help of a catheter during birth. Amniotic fluid samples were taken from patients who gave birth by cesarean section. The urinary podocalyxin and nephrin levels were measured via the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. Albumin–creatinine ratio (uACR) was also calculated in urine samples. Results: Urinary nephrin and pdx levels on the day of GDM diagnosis were similar in the GDM and control groups. Microalbuminuria was detected in only one patient from each group at the time of GDM diagnosis. In the urine samples taken from the time of birth, pdx and nephrin levels of the GDM group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001 for each). While microalbuminuria was detected in five patients (20.8%) at the time of birth in the GDM group, it was detected in only two patients (7.7%) in the control group. In the GDM group, a significant increase was detected between the urine pdx and nephrin levels measured at diagnosis and those measured at birth. In the control group, measurements at baseline and at birth were similar. There was no significant difference between the GDM and control groups in terms of amniotic fluid pdx and nephrin levels. A positive and significant correlation was detected between urinary pdx, nephrin, SBP, and uACR. Conclusions: While GDM triggers podocyte damage in maternal glomeruli, it does not cause significant change in fetal glomeruli.
Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Pergularia tomentosa Extract and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties
Authors: Aldayel Munirah F. 
Published: December 2024

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts is a promising field of research because of the useful biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles. In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized with the aqueous leaf extract of Pergularia tomentosa were defined using a simple, eco-friendly, consistent, and cost-effective method. The leaf extract of Pergularia tomentosa (PT) served as a capping and reducing agent to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. The effects of several parameters, such as the concentration of AgNO3, ratio of AgNO3 to extract, pH, and incubation time, were examined to optimize the synthesis process. In total, 5 mM of AgNO3, a 1:0.06 ratio of AgNO3 to Pergularia tomentosa extract, pH 9.0, and reaction mixture incubation for 24 h were found to be the ideal parameters for biosynthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the biosynthesized Pergularia tomentosa silver nanoparticles (PT-AgNPs). Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enteritides and Escherichia coli) were used to test the PT-AgNPs’ antibacterial activity. The presence of different functional groups was determined using FTIR. The AgNPs were hexagon shaped. The nanoparticles were more toxic against S. enteritides than both B. cereus and E. coli. In antioxidant analyses, the AgNPs were found to be as strong at free radical scavenging as gallic acid (standard), with IC50 values of 0.69 and 22.30 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. Interestingly, the PT-AgNPs displayed increased anti-inflammatory activity compared with the P. tomentosa leaf extract (79% vs. 59% at 500 µg/mL). The PT-AgNPs did not display any cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line at the MIC. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles fortified with Pergularia tomentosa extract exhibited potential as effective antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents, suggesting their viability as alternatives to commercially available products.
Characterization of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Isolates from Ixodes persulcatus Ticks Collected During 2020 in Selenge, Mongolia
Authors: Boldbaatar Bazartseren , Cleary Nora G. , Paoli Julia E. , Lee Dong-Wook , Altantogtokh Doniddemberel , Matulis Graham A. , Cote Noel , Fiorenzano Jodi , Etobayeva Irina V. , Kwon Jung-Hoon , Mavian Carla , Letizia Andrew G. , von Fricken Michael E. 
Published: December 2024

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes neurological disease in humans, with varied clinical severity influenced by the viral subtype. TBEV is endemic to Mongolia, where both Siberian and Far-Eastern subtypes are present. Ixodes persulcatus is considered the main vector of TBEV in Mongolia; although, the virus has also been detected in Dermacentor species. To further characterize the disease ecology of TBEV within the endemic Selenge province of Mongolia, 1300 Ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected in May 2020 from regions outside Ulaanbaatar. Pooled tick samples (n = 20–50) were homogenized and the supernatant was inoculated into Vero cells. Two RT-PCR assays were conducted on the cell supernatant following an observed cytopathic effect: one for TBEV detection and the second for viral subtyping. Lysed cell cultures were processed for next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Illumina technology. TBEV was detected in 10.7% of tick pools (3/28), and isolates were identified as the Siberian subtype. Phylogenetic analysis showed PQ479142 clustering within the Siberian subtype and sharing high similarity with published isolates collected in Selenge in 2012 from Ixodes persulcatus. Subtype analysis of circulating TBEV isolates and sequencing analytics to track viral evolution in ticks are vital to continued understanding of the risk to local populations.
Prevalence and patterns of testing for anaemia in primary care in England: a cohort study using an electronic health records database
Authors: Smith Margaret , Drakesmith Cynthia Wright , Haynes Sarah , Maynard Suzanne , Shah Akshay , Roy Noemi BA , Lee Joseph Jonathan , Maurer Katja , Stanworth Simon J , Bankhead Clare R 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundDespite epidemiological data on anaemia being available on a global scale, the prevalence of anaemia in the UK is not well described.AimTo describe anaemia prevalence and testing patterns for haemoglobin and other blood parameters.Design and settingThis study was a descriptive population-based cohort study using data drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database in 2019.MethodDemographic data were extracted for each person who was registered at their current practice during 2019, including linked data on Index of Multiple Deprivation. Anaemia prevalence in 2019 was calculated based on World Health Organization-specified age and gender thresholds for haemoglobin. Anaemia was classified based on mean corpuscular volume and ferritin. People with anaemia were followed up for up to 1 year to investigate longitudinal testing patterns for haemoglobin.ResultsThe cohort contained 14 million people. Anaemia prevalence in England in 2019 was 4.1% (583 847/14 207 841) (5.1% [363 438/7 121 614] females and 3.1% [220 409/7 086 227] males). Prevalence was higher in people aged >65 years, people of Black and Asian ethnicities, and people living in areas with higher social deprivation. Only half of people with anaemia and a mean corpuscular volume of ≤100 fL had an accompanying ferritin value recorded. About half of people with anaemia had a follow-up haemoglobin test within 1 year, most of which still indicated anaemia.ConclusionAnaemia is prevalent in the UK with large disparities between levels of demographic variables. Investigation and follow-up of anaemia is suboptimal in many patients. Health interventions aimed at improving anaemia investigation and treatment are needed, particularly in the most at-risk groups.
Custom-Made Ce–Mn Bimetallic Nanozyme for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Modulating Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization
Authors: Wu Jianwei , Chen Zhenhao , Huang Han , Wang Hongwei , Wang Xianghe , Lu Zian , Xu Haocheng , Ma Xiaosheng , Zeng Feng , Wang Hongli 
Published: December 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD)-induced lower back pain (LBP) brings heavy burden worldwide. In the degenerated intervertebral disc, there is an increase in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the infiltration of M1 macrophages, which leads to abnormal local inflammatory microenvironment and exacerbates IDD. In this study, we developed a novel injectable polyethylene glycol (PEG)-capped cerium ion–manganese ion (Ce–Mn) bimetallic nanozyme (CeMn-PEG) with strong ROS scavenging and M2-type macrophage polarizing abilities to efficiently alleviate IDD. In vitro experiments demonstrated that CeMn-PEG effectively scavenged excess ROS in both nucleus pulposus (NP) and RAW264.7 cells. In addition, we found that CeMn-PEG markedly protected NP cells from H
2
O
2
-induced overproduction of inflammatory cytokines, excessive cell apoptosis and autophagy, and imbalance between extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Moreover, CeMn-PEG induced macrophages to transition from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype and the increased M2-type macrophages could alleviate H
2
O
2
-induced ECM degradation and cell apoptosis in NP cells. In a puncture-induced mouse IDD model, CeMn-PEG treatment could effectively ameliorate the progression of disc degeneration and mitigate puncture-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Thus, our study demonstrated the effectiveness of CeMn-PEG as a novel treatment strategy for the treatment of IDD and a range of other inflammatory diseases.
Highly Efficient Delivery of Novel MiR-13896 by Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Gastric Cancer Progression by Targeting ATG2A-Mediated Autophagy
Authors: Wu Peipei , Wang Min , Jin Can , Li Linli , Tang Yuting , Wang Zhangfei , Wang Xianwen , Xu Wenrong , Qian Hui 
Published: December 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite recent advancements, clinical outcomes for GC remain unsatisfactory. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise in inhibiting tumor progression, but their role in GC, specifically human umbilical cord MSC-derived small EVs (hucMSC-sEVs), is not well understood. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of hucMSC-sEVs in GC treatment. We found that hucMSC-sEVs are captured by GC cells, substantially inhibiting their proliferation and inducing apoptosis. MiRNA sequencing revealed that hucMSC-sEVs were enriched with miRNAs having anticancer properties. Among these, miR-13896, a new miRNA, was identified as a potent inhibitor of GC cell proliferation and a promoter of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-13896 targets and down-regulates the ATG2A-mediated autophagy pathway, suppressing GC cell growth and metastasis. Furthermore, we enriched hucMSC-sEVs with miR-13896 through electroporation. These engineered EVs specifically targeted tumor sites and significantly reduced GC cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo. MiR-13896 emerged as a promising therapeutic target for GC. The delivery of miR-13896 via hucMSC-sEVs represents a novel and effective strategy for GC treatment, highlighting the potential of EV-based therapies to combat this malignancy.
Human Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate UVB-Induced Photoaging via the miR-125b-5p/TGF-β1/Smad Axis
Authors: Cui Hong , Fu Luo-Qin , Teng Yan , He Jun-Jia , Shen Ye-Yu , Bian Qiong , Wang Ting-Zhang , Wang Mei-Xia , Pang Xiang-Wei , Lin Zhi-Wei , Zhu Min-Gang , Cai Yu , Li Yang-Yang , Chen Jin-Yang , Mou Xiao-Zhou , Fan Yi-Bin 
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous photoaging, induced by chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, typically manifests as alterations in both the physical appearance and functional properties of the skin and may predispose individuals to cancer development. Recent studies have demonstrated the reparative potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in addressing skin damage, while specific reports highlight their efficacy in ameliorating skin photoaging. However, the precise role of exosomes derived from human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSC-Exos) in the context of cutaneous photoaging remains largely unexplored. We successfully isolated HFMSC-Exos using the ultracentrifugation technique. In cellular experiments, we assessed the migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) through scratch and transwell assays, evaluated the angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells through angiogenesis assays, and examined the expression levels of collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we established a nude mouse model of photoaging to observe wrinkle formation on the dorsal surface of the animals, as well as to assess dermal thickness and collagen fiber generation through histological staining. Ultimately, we performed RNA sequencing on skin tissues from mice before and after treatment to elucidate the relevant underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that HFMSC-Exos effectively enhanced the migration and proliferation of HDFs and upregulated the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), p-Smad2/p-Smad3, collagen type 1, and collagen type 3 while concurrently down-regulating MMP-1 levels in HDFs. Additionally, mice in the HFMSC-Exo group showed quicker wrinkle healing and increased collagen production. HFMSC-Exos miR-125b-5p was demonstrated to reduce skin photoaging by increasing profibrotic levels via TGF-β1 expression. UV-irradiated HDFs and photoaged nude mouse skin showed low TGF-β1 expressions, whereas overexpression of TGF-β1 in HDFs increased collagen type 1, collagen type 3, and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 expressions while decreasing MMP-1 expression. HDFs overexpressing TGF-β1 produced more collagen and altered the Smad pathway. This study demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo, that HFMSC-Exos increased collagen formation, promoted HDF cell proliferation and migration, and reversed the senescence of UV-irradiated HDFs. TGF-β1 was identified as a target of HFMSC-Exos miR-125b-5p, which controls photoaging via regulating the Smad pathway. The antiphotoaging capabilities of HFMSC-Exos may occur via the miR-125b-5p/TGF-β1/Smad axis, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for treating skin photoaging.
High-Throughput Screening of 3-Dimensional Co-culture Hair Follicle Mimetic Tissue with an Enhanced Extracellular Matrix for the Screening of Hair Growth-Promoting Compounds
Authors: Pham Huyen T. M. , Kim Hyo-Sop , Nguyen Duc Long , Joo Hyun Woo , Kim Min Kyu , Sung Young Kwan , Vu Minh Hung , Hahm Heung Sik , Kim Woo Jung , Kim Jae-Ho , Park Hyun-Ji 
Published: December 2024

Hair follicle cells reside within a complex extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, where physical and chemical cues regulate their behavior. The ECM is crucial for hair follicle development and regeneration, particularly through epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Current in vitro models often fail to replicate this complexity, leading to inconsistencies in evaluating hair loss treatments. Advanced 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems that better mimic in vivo ECM dynamics are needed for more effective therapeutic assessments. Here, we introduce a 3D co-culture system designed to replicate in vivo ECM dynamics. The system incorporates primary dermal papilla cells from human patients, co-cultured with neonatal keratinocytes. This platform facilitates uniform spheroid formation through cell sliding and aggregation, enabling the evaluation of approximately 60 spheroids per well. The model is optimized for high-throughput screening, allowing precise assessments of hair-loss-inducing compounds under consistent conditions. We successfully generated dermal papilla cell and keratinocyte spheroids that closely resemble the native ECM structure, providing an optimal microenvironment for studying hair follicle biology. The 3D co-culture model supported efficient spheroid formation with consistent cellular organization and polarization, along with enhanced ECM-related gene expression crucial for hair follicle regeneration. Uniform spheroid formation and reproducibility were demonstrated across experiments. Overall, the novel 3D co-culture system provides a robust platform for replicating in vivo-like ECM conditions, enabling effective assessment of potential hair loss treatments through epithelial–mesenchymal interactions. Its high-throughput capacity, combined with reproducibility and ease of use, makes it a valuable tool for screening therapeutic candidates and advancing hair loss treatment development.
Pyruvate Abundance Confounds Aminoglycoside Killing of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria via Glutathione Metabolism
Authors: Xiang Jiao , Tian Si-qi , Wang Shi-wen , Liu Ying-li , Li Hui , Peng Bo 
Published: December 2024

To explore whether the metabolic state reprogramming approach may be used to explore previously unknown metabolic pathways that contribute to antibiotic resistance, especially those that have been neglected in previous studies, pyruvate reprogramming was performed to reverse the resistance of multidrug-resistant
Edwardsiella tarda
. Surprisingly, we identified a pyruvate-regulated glutathione system that occurs by boosting glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Moreover, cysteine and methionine metabolism played a key role in this reversal. This process involved pyruvate-depressed glutathione and pyruvate-promoted glutathione oxidation, which was attributed to the elevated glutathione peroxidase and depressed glutathione reductase that was inhibited by glycine. This regulation inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) degradation and thereby elevated ROS to eliminate
E. tarda
. Loss of
metB
,
gpx
, and
gor
of the metabolic pathways increased and decreased resistance, respectively, both in vitro and in vivo, thereby supporting the hypothesis of a pyruvate–cysteine–glutathione system/glycine–ROS metabolic pathway. The role of this metabolic pathway in drug resistance and reprogramming reversal was demonstrated in laboratory-evolved gentamicin-resistant
E. tarda
and other clinically isolated multidrug- and carbapenem-resistant pathogens. Thus, we reveal a less studied antibiotic resistance metabolic pathway along with the mechanisms involved in its reversal.
KEBUTUHAN MEDIA LITERASI KESEHATAN UNTUK PENCEGAHAN SINDROM METABOLIK: STUDI KUALITATIF PADA PEKERJA SEKTOR FORMAL
Authors: Samsiana Samsiana , Basri K. Sarinah , Purimahua Sintha Lisa , Syakur Rosdiana 
Published: December 2024

Latar Belakang: Sindrom metabolik sering muncul akibat gaya hidup modern dan kebiasaan tidak sehat seperti rutinitas duduk lama di depan komputer yang umum di kalangan pekerja kantoran. Penting untuk melakukan upaya pencegahan melalui intervensi literasi kesehatan yang dapat mendorong adopsi gaya hidup sehat. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi pengetahuan tingkat literasi kesehatan, kebutuhan media literasi kesehatan pekerja, serta upaya kesehatan apa saja yang telah dilakukan dalam upaya pencegahan sindrom metabolik.Metode: Penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan 11 pekerja dan 2 pegawai kesehatan yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam menggunakan panduan wawancara dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan content analysis.Hasil: Sebanyak sepuluh pekerja, satu pimpinan pekerja, satu pengelola PTM Dinas Kesehatan, dan satu petugas kesehatan puskesmas terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Analisis wawancara mengidentifikasi empat tema: pengetahuan pekerja tentang sindrom metabolik, tingkat literasi kesehatan, upaya pencegahan sindrom metabolik, dan kebutuhan media literasi kesehatan.Kesimpulan: Edukasi melalui media sosial dan situs web sangat penting untuk menjangkau lebih banyak pekerja. Peningkatan literasi kesehatan berbasis teknologi dan informasi yang mudah diakses diperlukan agar pekerja lebih proaktif dalam mencegah dan mengelola sindrom metabolik. Organisasi tempat kerja diharapkan menyediakan program kesehatan yang terstruktur dan wajib diikuti oleh seluruh pekerja untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam mengadopsi pola hidup sehat sehingga dapat mengurangi risiko sindrom metabolik dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pekerja. Kata kunci : Literasi Kesehatan, Pencegahan, Sindrom Metabolik
Disk array-type plasmonic chip for fluorescence enhancement
Authors: Nawa Yasunori , Shimosaka Riku , Shimizu Atsushi , Tawa Keiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Plasmonic chips are chip-type devices with wavelength-order periodic structures covered with metal based on grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance for sensitive detection. In this study, we investigated a disk-array-type (DA) structure, which is an inversion of the hole-array-type (HA) structure, to further improve the fluorescence enhancement. Increases in the dip depth in the reflection spectra and the corresponding field enhancement were observed for the DA structure, resulting in larger fluorescence enhancement than that of the HA structure. The relationship between the duty ratio, convex height, and enhancement factors was also investigated. The contribution of excitation enhancement was dominant and strongly correlated with dip depth, reaching a maximum at a convex height of 25 nm and a duty ratio of approximately 0.6. Furthermore, the excitation enhancements calculated by rigorous coupled wave analysis showed an optimal structure with the highest values.
Effect of random potential on two-dimensional electronic states
Authors: Mori Nobuya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It has been observed that the subthreshold coefficients of MOSFETs saturate at cryogenic temperatures. One model that explains this phenomenon is one that assumes an exponential tail in the density of states (DOS) of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). In this study, the effect of a random potential on 2DEG states has been investigated by calculating the DOS within the effective mass approximation. It is shown that the spatially averaged DOS has exponential tail states in lower energy regions below an onset energy. The dependence of the tail width and the onset energy on the strength and the correlation length of the potential fluctuation is presented.