bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Groups as a Hurdle to Women’s Political Participation in Pakhtun Society
Authors: Khan Najib , Ahmad Ishaq , Alam Amir , Khan Yunas 
Published: December 2024

There is widespread discrimination against women in the political system and with regard to their political empowerment. The harsh and strict traditions and practices of rural life generate significantly more suffering for rural women. This study was conducted in Wari, district Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to evaluate the role of pressure groups in the political rights of women. Primary data regarding the objectives of the study were collected from 205 participants. Moreover, the relationship between the dependent variable (women's political participation) and independent variable, (Pressure groups) was examined through a Chi-square statistic test. It has been observed that Women's political participation has an inverse relation with pressure groups. The Pakhtun elders act as a pressure group against the rights of women, according to an investigation of the respondent's perspectives. The study concluded that starting developing general knowledge of women's rights and their contribution to national development by enlisting the help of political, religious, and social leaders to outlaw pressure group propaganda and promote women's involvement in political activities. putting into practice judicial rulings that election results should be canceled whenever there is evidence that women were not allowed to vote.
Gender Disparity in Nigerian Criminal Justice System: An Exploratory Study of Olukuta Correctional Centre, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: ARUNA Justina Olufunke , ADENEGAN Olamide Marvellous 
Published: December 2024

Disparity in sentencing has long been a topic of discussion. Though most research is aimed at disparity in social class, few studies utilize gender as a focal point. The focus of this study is to explore the impact of gender on sentence period, controlling for characteristics derived from the “evil woman hypothesis”, to discuss the potential paternalism within Nigerian’s criminal justice system (CJS) with Olokuta Correctional Centre, Akure, as the case study. In the research process, some research-questions were assumed as necessary premises. A total of forty (40) respondents were selected, using the non-probability convenience sampling-technique. Data for the study were generated with the sole use of a structured-questionnaire schedule while the data generated are presented in Tables and duly analyzed in the simple percentage-method. The findings indicate that women always receive less terms of sentence than male offenders, regardless of crime-type and criminal record. As a result, differences in sentencing outcomes between men and women are simply a reflection—not a bias—of real, gender-related features. These inequalities are apparent because of things that are specific to women, not because of their gender.
The role of CD47 in immune escape of colon cancer and its correlation with heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Tian Qiu-Si , Zhang ChunMei , Bao Zhi-Jun , Pei ZhiGang 
Published: December 2024

Background
Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), a transmembrane protein, plays a critical role in regulating cellular functions and maintaining immune homeostasis. Its expression has been shown to influence cancer prognosis. In this study, we investigated the role of CD47 in tumor progression in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) and evaluated its potential as a target for immunotherapy.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed surgical samples from 96 COAD patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 90 samples, while the remaining 6 were subjected to multiplex immunofluorescence. To explore the association between CD47 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, we integrated transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus using R software. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource and Kaplan-Meier plotter were utilized to assess the relationship between CD47 expression, patient prognosis, and immune infiltration. Furthermore, the single-cell Tumor Immune System Interaction Database was used to examine the correlation between CD47 expression and the tumor microenvironment (TME). All included patients gave oral and written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital (full name: Medical Ethics Committee of 3201 Hospital).

Results
CD47 was found to be overexpressed in various tumors, including COAD. Higher CD47 expression was significantly associated with more advanced tumor stages, including TNM staging, T staging, and N staging (P < 0.05). A robust correlation was observed between CD47 expression and immune cell infiltration in COAD. Patients with elevated CD47 expression tended to have longer disease-free intervals, although this benefit was diminished in cases with high infiltration of M1 macrophages. The immunosuppressive function of CD47 primarily acted through the CD47/SIRPα pathway. Additionally, distinct cellular compositions and distributions were identified between primary and metastatic COAD, underscoring the heterogeneity of the TME. CD47 also influenced the TME by modulating cytokine and cytokine receptor interactions.

Conclusion
CD47 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential target for immunotherapy in COAD. These findings provide new insights into therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME and improving patient outcomes.
Influence of Addition of Murbei (Morus alba L.) Flowers to Food for Fathering Mangrove CRABS (Scylla serrata) Apartment Systems
Authors: Nurlaila  , Junaidi Muhammad , Affandi Rangga Idris 
Published: December 2024

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the fishery commodities that has high economic value. In Indonesia, crab cultivation has been widely developed, it can be seen from the cultivation media used, namely using vertical crab houses (apartments) with the RAS system. However, the problem in the mangrove crab cultivation system lies in the feed, the lack of nutrients in the feed results in non-optimal crab growth so that it is less attractive to consumers and causes its economic value to decline. Therefore, alternative feed is needed in the form of feed pellets that are in accordance with the nutritional needs of mangrove crabs and the addition of feed raw materials in the form of mulberry leaf flour in feed that can stimulate the growth of mangrove crabs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal dose of mulberry leaf flour for mangrove crab feed in stimulating growth. This study used an experimental method conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Treatments in this study include: A (Control), B (7.5%), C (15%), D (22.5%) and E (30%). The results showed that the administration of mulberry leaf flour with different doses in mangrove crab feed had a real effect (P<0.05) on the growth of absolute weight (W), absolute length (P), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed utilization efficiency (EPP) and had no real effect (P>0.05) on the Survival Rate (SR). Treatment C (15%) is the best dose of mulberry leaf flour that can support the growth and survival of mangrove crabs. the highest values were W (14.6±2.6 d), P (0.6±0.3 b), SGR (0.34±0.06 s), FCR (18.39±3.50 a) and EPP (48.51±2.80 c).
Antibacterial Activities of Leaf Extracts and Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Allium sativum on Urinary Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: M. O Eghieye, , Y.B Ngwai , I.H Nkene , S.C Tama , O.F Bolarinwa, , R. H Abimiku, , I. N Igbawua, 
Published: December 2024

Aims: The study was aimed at evaluation of the antibacterial activities of crude leaf extracts and synthesized Ag-NPs from Allium sativum on urinary quinolone resistant E. coli.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, between November 2023 and October 2024.
Methodology: Confirmed Samples for this study were collected from selected General Hospitals in Abuja Municipal, Nigeria. The phytochemical screening of the Allium sativum leaf ethanolic extract (ASE) for various phytochemical constituents and detection of AgNPs was conducted using laboratory method and other methods; UV-visible spectra, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: All isolates were resistant to AMP and CIP. All the E. coli isolated were MAR isolates. All the MAR isolates had MAR indices of ≥ 0.2. Most isolates were MDR isolates. There was also a PDR and XDR isolates among the selected tested E coli isolates. Phytochemical screening of aqueous, ethanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane leaf extracts of Allium sativum showed presence of only glycosides in all the extracts. Phenols and resins followed after as they were only absent in the aqueous extract of A. sativum leaf while tanins, steroids, saponins and pholabatanins were present in two (2) of the four (4) extract analyzed. Antibacterial activity screening of aqueous, ethanoic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane leaf extracts of Allium sativum were evaluated against quinolone resistant E. coli showed activity by only aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The ethanolic extracts were more active. Synthesized silver nanoparticles of the active extracts have shown higher antibacterial activity against the responsive isolates than their corresponding crude extracts.
Conclusion: The synthesized silver nanoparticles from the active leaf extracts exhibited greater antibacterial activity against the responsive isolates compared to their corresponding crude extracts. These findings suggest that AgNPs hold potential for use in medicine to prevent both infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Exploring Halotolerant Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria Isolated from Mangrove Soil for Agricultural and Ecological Benefits
Authors: Mussa EL-Shaymaa E. , Al-Sharnouby Sohad F.S. , Ramadan Amel I. , Ismael Walaa H. 
Published: December 2024

Phosphorus is a vital element for all life forms. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria transform phosphate into a bioavailable form through solubilization and mineralization processes. The aim of this study is evaluating the role of halotolerant, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). having different PGPR traits as biofertilizers. Thirteen bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples of Ras Muhammad mangrove forest and screened for production of different PGPR traits. The most potent microbial candidates were identified by rRNA gene sequencing analysis and uploaded in GenBank as Bacillus safensis [OR341132] and Cytobacillus firmus [OR431197] these showed ability to tolerate salt concentration up to 10%, can fix nitrogen by growing on nitrogen free media with excellent growth and characterized qualitatively and quantitative solubilize phosphorous more than 100µg/ml of insoluble phosphate, hydrolyse phytate and produced IAA showing the highest value in the range of 94.54, 220,38 μg/mL respectively. In pot trials performed in a greenhouse the isolated strains Bacillus safensis [OR341132] and Cytobacillus firmus [OR431197] were able to significantly improve levels of assimilated phosphate, compared to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, mixed treatment (Bacillus safensis +Cytobacillus firmus ) increased soil fertility and consequently improve the growth of parley plant . The study has overall concluded that bacteria isolated from mangrove soil, Bacillus safensis [OR341132] and Cytobacillus firmus [OR431197] could be used as the halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria [HT-PGPR] and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria [PSB] and have a good influence on the health of barley [genotype Giza123] plants under salinity conditions during thirty days.
Species Diversity and Standing Stock of Homestead Forestry in Singrauli District of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Shah Shubham , Islam M.A. , Wani A.A. , Khan P.A. , Dutt Vaishnu , Jeelani M. Iqbal 
Published: December 2024

Loss of biodiversity is one of the triple planetary crises that needs to be addressed with urgency to shape a sustainable habitat for all life forms. This paper investigates the diversity, composition and standing stock in rural homesteads of Singrauli District, MP, India. A multi-stage random sampling was used to select villages (16) and households (128) for the field survey. Data on species composition and standing stock were collected using interview schedules and homestead inventories. Data were analysed through descriptive statistics, mensuration formulas, and diversity indices. Results indicated that about 153 species of plants belonging to 55 families and 122 genera of flora were raised other than conventional agricultural crops in homesteads. Among these, 92 tree, 26 shrubs, 25 herbaceous, and 10 climber species were identified. On average, households practiced homestead forestry in an area of 0.25 ha, with 47 individuals of 15 species. The average height, diameter, basal area, and standing stock of trees in the homesteads were recorded as 12.01 m, 34.50 cm, 934.82 cm2, and 15.18 m3, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of 3.57 and Simpson’s index of 0.05 implied high floristic diversity, and the Shannon Equitability index of 0.70 indicated a considerably even population of plant species. The Importance Value Index (IVI) indicated that Mangifera indica (27.78) and Madhuca longifolia (18.96) were found to be the dominant species in the sample homesteads owing to their multi-faceted uses. The findings specified that homestead forestry can be a viable strategy to conserve biodiversity, improve ecosystem services, expand the green cover, and secure livelihoods.
Survey and Disease Prevalence of Sorghum Zonate Leaf Spot in the Terai Region of Uttarakhand, India
Authors: S Senthilkumar , Singh Yogendra , SRM Jaya Jeevitha , Sakthivel Madhaiyan 
Published: December 2024

Aims: The objective of the study was to conduct a disease survey to understand the regional dynamics of sorghum zonate leaf spot disease in the Uttarakhand Terai region.
Study Design: The investigation was carried out using a stratified random sampling technique.
Place and Duration of Study: GBPUA&T, Pantnagar and Terai Region of Uttarakhand during Kharif 2024.
Methodology: The survey was conducted from July to September 2024, covering several stages of sorghum crop development. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select fields, and observations were recorded on plants making five stops in a W-pattern to cover the whole field on foot. The disease incidence and severity were scored and recorded.
Results: The survey covered 25 fields and disease incidence & severity were recorded using a standard scale. The study found that the prevalence and severity of zonate leaf spot disease (G. sorghi) varied significantly between locations, with the highest disease incidence in Chikaghat (71.11%) and lowest in Kanthgri (43.56%) from Sitarganj block. Environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall were directly linked to the occurrence and severity of zonate leaf spots.
Conclusion: The study concluded that zonate leaf spot disease is a significant problem in the Uttarakhand Terai Region. Developing efficient management techniques to reduce zonate leaf spot negative effects on crop productivity might be facilitated by knowledge of the distribution and contributing elements. To control zonate leaf spot in these areas, more study is required to investigate resistant cultivars and better agronomic methods.
Integrating Active Contours and K-Nearest Neighbours for Early Detection of Diseases in Banana Plants
Authors: Medhi Epsita , Deb Nabamita , Bhuyan Banashree , Roy Adity 
Published: December 2024

Diseases and pests pose a significant threat to agriculture, reducing both production and economic viability. Banana plants are highly susceptible to various pests and diseases, which can severely affect yield and quality if not properly managed. Given the global consumption of bananas, addressing disease issues in these plants is crucial. To tackle this challenge, integrating machine learning techniques can enable early disease detection. Specifically, combining region-based active contours (using Chan-Vese) with K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) classification offers a comprehensive approach for object detection and classification in images. The hybrid approach enhances segmentation accuracy, adaptability, and generalization across different conditions and data types. Compared to traditional methods, this combination provides more robust, accurate, and efficient segmentation, making it a significant advancement in real-world applications. This technique is also applicable to other agricultural crops and fruits, offering promising results. With an average accuracy of 91.63%, the model demonstrates its effectiveness in detecting and classifying banana diseases and pests.
Illuminating the membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the trans‐Golgi network
Authors: Masone Maria Chiara , Morra Valentina , Venditti Rossella 
Published: October 2019

Membrane contact sites (MCSs) between different organelles have been identified and extensively studied over the last decade. Several classes of MCSs have now well‐established roles, although the contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the trans‐side of the Golgi network (TGN) have long remained elusive. Until recently, the study of ER–TGN contact sites has represented a major challenge in the field, as a result of the lack of suitable visualization and isolation techniques. Only in the last 5 years has the combination of advanced technologies and innovative approaches permitted the identification of new molecular players and the functions of ER–TGN MCSs that couple lipid metabolism and anterograde transport. Although much has yet to be discovered, it is now established that ER–TGN MCSs control phosphatidyl‐4‐phosphate homeostasis by coupling the cis and the trans activity of the ER‐resident 4‐phosphatase Sac1. In this review, we focus on recent advances on the composition and function of ER–TGN MCSs.
Fibrofog in Daily Life: An Examination of Ambulatory Subjective and Objective Cognitive Function in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Kratz Anna L. , Whibley Daniel , Kim Samsuk , Sliwinski Martin , Clauw Daniel , Williams David A. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivePerceived cognitive dysfunction in fibromyalgia (FM), “fibrofog,” is common. Prior laboratory‐based studies have limited our understanding of cognitive function in FM in daily life. The objective of this study was to explore levels of subjective and objective cognitive functioning and the association between subjective and objective aspects of cognition in people with and without FM in the lived environment.MethodsParticipants (n = 50 adults with FM; n = 50 adults without FM, matched for age, sex, and education) completed baseline measures of subjective and objective cognitive functioning (NIH Toolbox). They also completed ecological momentary assessments of cognitive clarity and speed and tests of processing speed and working memory, via a smart phone app, 5×/day for 8 days.ResultsOn baseline objective measures, the FM group demonstrated poorer cognitive functioning across 3 NIH Toolbox tests. There were no strong correlations between subjective and objective cognitive functioning in both the FM and control groups. In the lived environment, the FM group demonstrated poorer subjective cognition and objective working memory; groups did not differ on processing speed. Momentary ratings of subjective cognitive dysfunction were significantly related to changes in objective processing speed but not working memory, with no group differences.ConclusionFindings indicate worse laboratory‐based and ambulatory subjective and objective cognitive function for those individuals with FM compared to those without FM. Similar associations between measures of subjective and objective cognitive functioning for the groups suggest that people with FM are not overstating cognitive difficulties. Future research examining contributors to ambulatory fibrofog is warranted.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares After Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Outcomes at One Year
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Mirza Serene Z. , DiCarlo Edward F. , Pearce‐Fisher Diyu , Zhang Meng , Mehta Bella , Donlin Laura T. , Bykerk Vivian P. , Figgie Mark P. , Orange Dana E. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveMost patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have active RA and report postoperative flares; whether RA disease activity or flares increase the risk of worse pain and function scores 1 year later is unknown.MethodsPatients with RA were enrolled before THA/TKA. Patient‐reported outcomes, including the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS)/Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and physician assessments of disease characteristics and activity (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints [DAS28] and Clinical Disease Activity Index), were collected before surgery. Patient‐reported outcomes were repeated at 1 year. Postoperative flares were identified using the RA Flare Questionnaire weekly for 6 weeks and were defined by concordance between patient report plus physician assessment. We compared baseline characteristics and HOOS/KOOS scores using 2‐sample t‐test/Wilcoxon's rank sum test as well as chi‐square/Fisher's exact tests. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression to determine the association of baseline characteristics, disease activity, and flares with 1‐year outcomes.ResultsOne‐year HOOS/KOOS scores were available for 122 patients (56 with THA and 66 with TKA). Although HOOS/KOOS pain was worse for patients who experienced a flare within 6 weeks of surgery, absolute improvement was not different. In multivariable models, baseline DAS28 predicted 1‐year HOOS/KOOS pain and function; each 1‐unit increase in DAS28 worsened 1‐year pain by 2.41 (SE 1.05; P = 0.02) and 1‐year function by 4.96 (SE 1.17; P = 0.0001). Postoperative flares were not independent risk factors for pain or function scores.ConclusionHigher disease activity increased the risk of worse pain and function 1 year after arthroplasty, but postoperative flares did not.
Recent Developments and Novel Applications of Thin Film, Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Zaumseil Jana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLight‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) combine switching and amplification with light emission and thus represent an interesting optoelectronic device. They are not limited anymore to a few examples and specific materials but are nearly universal for a wide range of semiconductors, from organic to inorganic and nanoscale. This review introduces the basic working principles of lateral unipolar and ambipolar LEFETs and discusses recent examples based on various solution‐processed semiconducting materials. Applications beyond simple light emission are presented and possible future directions for light‐emitting transistors with added functionalities are outlined.