bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Postoperative Pain Predicts 2-Year Functional Outcomes following Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lakra Akshay , Murtaugh Taylor , Shah Roshan P. , Cooper H. John , Geller Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPain control following knee arthroplasty is extremely important to both patients and surgeons to improve the perioperative experience; however, the implication of early pain control on long-term outcomes following knee arthroplasty remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that poor early pain control results in poor functional outcomes 2 years following total (TKA) and unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA). This retrospective study reviewed 242 TKA and 162 UKA performed at a single institution by two surgeons. Mean visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were collected for first 3 postoperative days. Patients were prospectively evaluated using short form (SF-12), the Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and the Knee Society functional score (KSFS) questionnaires. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between mean VAS pain scores and functional outcome scores at 2 years. In the TKA group, poorly controlled perioperative pain correlated with poorer functional scores at 2 years. There was a significant negative correlation between early mean VAS pain scores (mean, 3.2 ± 2.0) and most 2-year functional outcomes including SF-12 physical score (r = −0.227, p ≤ 0.01), WOMAC pain scores (r = −0.268, p ≤ 0.01), WOMAC stiffness scores (r = −0.224, p < 0.01), WOMAC function score (r = −0.290, p 0.01), and KSFS (r = −0.175, p = 0.031). Better control of early pain was associated with improved functional outcomes at 2 years following TKA. We also found significant negative correlations between preoperative functional scores and early postoperative pain scores. Collectively, using preoperative and early postoperative pain scores, we identified an “at-risk” patient group that manifested an inferior functional outcome at 2 years; these patients may benefit from closer surveillance and a multidisciplinary approach to pain and function to optimize their clinical outcome following knee arthroplasty.
Congenital Genetic Microcephaly: Clinical Diagnostic Approach
Authors: Marino Silvia , Pavone Piero , Marino Lidia , Rapisarda Filippo Andrea Salvatore , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicrocephaly is an important neurological sign defined by a cranial circumference < 2 standard deviations or < 3 standard deviations in the severe form compared with age- and gender-matched children. Microcephaly is classified as congenital (prenatal) and postnatal. In general, microcephaly may result from an insult, including infections, metabolic diseases, cerebral malformations, and/or genetic syndromes that disturb early brain growth. Clinical history, the trajectory of the child's growth in terms of head circumference, and a detailed physical examination will often be suggestive of a diagnostic workup. Advances in neuroimaging and especially genetics have yielded improvements in understanding the causes of microcephaly, leading to new approaches in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The aim of the present study is to report the current practice for the diagnostic algorithm of genetic microcephaly, with prenatal onset.
Variational implicit-solvent predictions of the dry–wet transition pathways for ligand–receptor binding and unbinding kinetics
Authors: Zhou Shenggao , Weiß R. Gregor , Cheng Li-Tien , Dzubiella Joachim , McCammon J. Andrew , Li Bo 
Published: July 2019

Significance
The kinetics of ligand–receptor (un)binding—how fast a ligand binds into and resides in a receptor—cannot be inferred solely from the binding affinity which describes the thermodynamic stability of the bound complex. A bottleneck in understanding such kinetics, which is critical to drug efficacy, lies in the modeling of the collective water fluctuations in apolar confinement. We develop a theoretical approach that couples a variational implicit-solvent model with the string method to describe the dry–wet transition pathways, which then serve as input for the ligand multistate Brownian dynamics. Without explicit descriptions of individual water molecules, our theory predicts the key thermodynamic and kinetic properties of unbinding and binding, the latter in quantitative agreement with explicit-water molecular dynamics simulations.
Toxicity drives facilitation between 4 bacterial species
Authors: Piccardi Philippe , Vessman Björn , Mitri Sara 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Microbial communities play a major role in our lives, but we understand little about how species within them interact. Here, we studied 4 bacterial species that could degrade toxic industrial fluids. We expected these species to compete, but instead found that they all benefited from each other: Alone, only 1 species could survive, while together they all grew and degraded the fluid. However, this result depended on the environment. Positive interactions were most common in the toxic fluid, and, if we made survival easier, for example by adding nutrients, bacteria began to compete. Our findings provide a simple intuition: In a harsh environment where single species are unable to grow, the only option becomes to work together.
Diachronic frame analysis
Authors: Law James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Frame Semantics offers a valuable perspective on mechanisms of semantic change, particularly metonymy. However, corpus-based frame analysis has rarely been applied to diachronic data. The potential of this approach is illustrated with a diachronic description of the Purpose frame in French, based on 1,429 tokens of 17 frame-evoking words. Metonymic mappings in the frame allow Means and Medium to replace Agent. A multinomial logistic regression model shows that usage of these mappings has increased since 1600 and is conditioned by genre and the frequency and grammatical category of the frame-evoking word. The approach may inform how metonymy leads to lexicalized semantic change.
The alternating predicate puzzle
Authors: Barðdal Jóhanna , Eythórsson Thórhallur , Dewey Tonya Kim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA long-standing divide between Icelandic and German in the literature takes for granted that there are non-nominative subjects in Icelandic, while corresponding arguments in German have been analyzed as objects (Zaenen et al. 1985;Sigurðsson 1989). This is based on two differences between these languages: (a) differences with regard to control and conjunction reduction and (b) apparent subject behavior of the nominative indat-nomconstructions in German. This article focuses on the latter, introducing into the discussion the concept of alternating predicates, that is,dat-nompredicates that systematically alternate between two diametrically-opposed argument structure constructions,dat-nomandnom-dat. A comparison between Icelandic and German shows that Icelandicdat-nompredicates are of two types, a non-alternatinglíkatype and an alternatingfalla í geðtype, whereas German seems to exhibit only the alternating type. On this assumption, the apparent subject behavior of the nominative in German is easily explained, since such occurrences in fact involve thenom-datconstruction and not thedat-nomconstruction. Therefore, the subject behavior of the nominative innom-datconstructions does not invalidate a subject analysis of the dative indat-nomconstructions in German. The analysis is couched in the framework of construction grammar.
Two-way interaction between switching arc and solid surfaces: distribution of ablated contact and nozzle materials
Authors: Kadivar Ali , Niayesh Kaveh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper is devoted to two-way plasma-surface interactions by investigating how the plasma arc ablates the nozzle and contacts and how the distribution of ablated materials changes the plasma parameters.
For this purpose, a two-dimensional time-dependent model, in axial symmetric coordinates, for an arc at atmospheric pressure burning within a polytetrafluoroethylene nozzle is created. A computational fluid dynamics equations system is solved for plasma velocity, pressure, temperature, magnetic vector potential, and electrical potential. Radiation is modeled based on net emission coefficient and contacts, and nozzle ablation is also considered to better describe the arc formation, contact cooling, and arc temperatures, more precisely. The sublimated materials from contacts and nozzle will be used to calculate the distribution of plasma composition (i.e. ablated mixture ratio). The calculated ratio is used to change the plasma parameters, and data processing techniques are utilized to derive particle distribution and temperature profiles of the arc to investigate its thermo-electrical behavior. The simulation results show good agreement with the measurements obtained in an experimental setup already designed and published. This study provides support to the experimental work and contrariwise. The presence of ablated points on nozzle and contacts, which further modify plasma parameters and therefore the arc voltage are discussed.
Switching between deterministic and accidental Dirac degeneracy by rotating scatterers and the multi-channel topological transport of sound
Authors: Xie Xiang , Li Honglang , Peng Yugui , Zhu Xuefeng , Luo Wei , Zhao Degang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, a Dirac cone is yielded at the corner of the Brillouin zone of a two-dimensional solid phononic crystal, which consists of a triangular array of hexagonal steel with a trilobal hole drilled in the center. With the rotation of the trilobal hole, the Dirac degeneracy switches between the deterministic form and accidental form. Every Dirac point is the critical state of a topological phase transition process, which occurs six times within an angular period of

120
°
.

This structure offers a flexible way to achieve topological transitions and provides multiple routes to construct an interface that supports valley-dependent edge states between two topologically distinct PCs. The associated backscattering suppressed wave propagation along the multiple curved interface channels is also demonstrated. In addition, our design shows the robust propagation of topological interface states against the perturbation of the structure. This study could potentially be significant in the design of acoustic devices for practical applications, such as acoustic signal lossless transport and tunable multi-channel sound transmission.
An International Survey of Front-end Receivers and Observing Performance of Telescopes for Radio Astronomy
Authors: Bolli P. , Orfei A. , Zanichelli A. , Prestage R. , Tingay S. J. , Beltrán M. , Burgay M. , Contavalle C. , Honma M. , Kraus A. , Lindqvist M. , Perez J. Lopez , Marongiu P. , Minamidani T. , Navarro S. , Pisanu T. , Shen Z.-Q. , Sohn B. W. , Stanghellini C. , Tzioumis T. , Zacchiroli G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a survey of microwave front-end receivers installed at radio telescopes throughout the world. This unprecedented analysis was conducted as part of a review of front-end developments for Italian radio telescopes, initiated by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics in 2016. Fifteen international radio telescopes have been selected to be representative of the instrumentation used for radio astronomical observations in the frequency domain from 300 MHz to 116 GHz. A comprehensive description of the existing receivers is presented and their characteristics are compared and discussed. The observing performances of the complete receiving chains are also presented. An overview of ongoing developments illustrates and anticipates future trends in front-end projects to meet the most ambitious scientific research goals.
Benchmark estimates for aboveground litterfall data derived from ecosystem models
Authors: Li Shihua , Yuan Wenping , Ciais Philippe , Viovy Nicolas , Ito Akihiko , Jia Bingrui , Zhu Dan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Litter production is a fundamental ecosystem process, which plays an important role in regulating terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. However, there are substantial differences in the litter production simulations among ecosystem models, and a global benchmarking evaluation to measure the performance of these models is still lacking. In this study, we generated a global dataset of aboveground litterfall production (i.e. cLitter), a benchmark as the defined reference to test model performance, by combining systematic measurements taken from a substantial number of surveys (1079 sites) with a machine learning technique (i.e. random forest, RF). Our study demonstrated that the RF model is an effective tool for upscaling local litterfall production observations to the global scale. On average, the model predicted 23.15 Pg C yr−1 of aboveground litterfall production. Our results revealed substantial differences in the aboveground litterfall production simulations among the five investigated ecosystem models. Compared to the reference data at the global scale, most of models could reproduce the spatial patterns of aboveground litterfall production, but the magnitude of simulations differed substantially from the reference data. Overall, ORCHIDEE-MICT performed the best among the five investigated ecosystem models.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and mechanical hardness of aluminum alloy AA7075
Authors: Aliyah A N , Anawati A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The mechanical properties of high strength aluminum alloy AA7075 were greatly affected by heat treatment. This paper was intended to clarify the effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and the mechanical hardness of commercial alloy AA7075-T651. Heat treatment was performed at a variation temperature of 300, 400, 500, and 600°C for 1 h in a vacuum furnace followed by a water quench. The surface observation was done by using optical and electron microscopy and the mechanical hardness was measured by the Vickers Hardness test. The XRD result on as-received alloy revealed the precipitates in the alloy was MgZn2, Al7Cu2Fe, and Al2CuMg. The average hardness of the as-received alloy was 136 HV. The hardness became significantly lower (78.5 HV) after heat treatment at 400°C while heat treatment at others temperature gave hardness in the range 116-122 HV. Heat treatment induced grain growth and dissolution of metastable precipitates. Reduction in the number of MgZn2 and Fe-rich phase decreased the hardness significantly. Heat treatment above 400°C promoted segregation of fresh precipitates which enhanced the metal hardness again. The metallic grain size increased with heat treatment temperature. At 600°C, most of the precipitates were segregated along the equiaxed grain boundaries.
Study on Phases Development and Mechanical Properties in a Fe-Ni-Al Carbide Free Bainitic Steel Based on Lateritic Steel After Warm Rolling
Authors: Meryanalinda  , Ariati M , Citrawati F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The abundant reserve of lateritic ores in Indonesia is currently processed and studied to fulfil the national steel demand in several sectors, one of which is for railway application. The development of lateritic steel (Fe-Ni) as carbide free bainitic steel is carried out by adding Al to the Fe-Ni alloy. In this research, the effect of warm rolling and Al addition to the formation of carbide, phases development and mechanical properties was studied. The warm-rolled thermomechanical process (TMCP) was carried out by heating the material at 945°C for 20 minutes followed by second heating to 400°C, 450°C and 500°C with holding time for 30 minutes. The materials then warm rolled with 50% and 70% reductions using 20 tons capacity roller machine and then air cooled outside the furnace chamber. The microstructure of the as-rolled materials was characterized using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the phases, the chemical distribution and the possibility of carbide formation were examine using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties of the material were observed using macro Rockwell hardness test. It was revealed that the addition of Al altered the phases of Fe-Ni lateritic steel significantly. Furthermore, Al addition gives positive effects to the Fe-Ni lateritic steel by increasing hardness. The reductions applied during warm rolling were observed to have effect on the growth of the grains in the Fe-Ni-Al lateritic steel.
Synthesis of immobilized nanostructured ZnO grown on glass and its photocatalytic activity for cyanide degradation
Authors: Mohar R S , Isnaeni  , Hadiko G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nanostructured ZnO has been synthesized by using two simple steps, i.e. ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods on glass substrates. The crystal structure, morphology, photoluminescence (PL) emission, and photocatalytic activity for cyanide degradation were studied. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) examination, it was observed that the ZnO had the hexagonal wurtzite structure with the preferred orientation of (100). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) image displayed that the ZnO had grass-like and bush-like nanostructures. The PL spectrum exhibited the near band-edge emission (NBE) peak at ∼380 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the nanostructured ZnO for cyanide degradation in aqueous solution was evaluated under warm-white lamp (color temperature of 2700 K) and cool-daylight lamp (color temperature of 6500 K) irradiations, resulting enhanced cyanide degradation rates in presence of the nanostructured ZnO.
Experimental study on crack propagation of stainless steel 304 material under amplitude overloads
Authors: Hartanto Andreas , Himawan Roziq , Sutanto Hadi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fatigue mechanisms caused by dynamic loadings starts with cracks that occurred in a material. Under conditions such as transient conditions, an earthquake or instantaneous external loads, some parts of nuclear reactor that initially receive operating loads can be overloaded. The purpose of this research is to investigate the change of crack propagation in stainless steel 304 material related with amplitude overloads. The crack propagation test used the axial dynamic testing with the maximum stress (σ max) of 145 MPa, stress ratio R = 0.1 and over loading ratio (OVR) of 1.5, 1.75, 2. The results showed that the amplitude overloads caused the crack to propagate slowly as the crack tip formed a branch. The higher crack growth rate also showed the higher stress intensity factors in the crack tip.
Effect of samarium on microstructure and intermetallic formation in Al-5Zn-0.5Si alloy
Authors: Ferdian D , Pratama J R , Pratesa Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aluminium-Zinc-Silicon alloy is a material candidate for low voltage sacrificial anode. Nevertheless, iron-rich intermetallic phase that formed in the interdendritic region can reduce its efficiency due to the self-corrosion phenomenon. Samarium addition is expected to modify the formation of iron-rich intermetallic phase. The alloying process was conducted with melting of aluminium and other additional element in mini electric resistance furnace. Furthermore, characterization of the alloys was performed using optical emission spectrometer, differential scanning calorimetry, optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. The result showed that samarium can refined the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) from 89.6 μm to 61.4 μm. Samarium also shifted the solidification temperature of the alloy which affected the size of SDAS and formation of Al2Si2Sm intermetallic phase.
Modification of ledeburite microstructure on impeller blades by mean of heat treatment
Authors: Purwadi W , Idamayanti D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Water pump machine impeller is made of gray cast iron with some variation of wall thickness. The thin part undergoes consequently a very rapid cooling and promotes the formation of hard ledeburite, This study removes the already formed ledeburite ((α + Fe3C) + Fe3C) by mean of heat treatment. By calculating the mass fraction of iron carbide at the level of 5%, heating the material at the austenite temperature, holding it for 2 hours and cooling it subsequently in the air, ledeburite changes to ferrite and graphite. Graphite is formed discrete along the grain boundaries of previous pearlite after the completion of heat treatment. The graphite resembles a randomly oriented eutectic undercooling type D and this is associated with a decrease of hardness to 115HV at the tip of the impeller blade.
The Effect of Slow Evaporation on Ca, Na, K, and Mg Concentration in Natural Brine from Ciseeng, West Java
Authors: Rhamdani A R , Lalasari L H , Sulistyono E , Setiawan I , Firdiyono F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Indonesia’s location in the ring of fire gives Indonesia a lot of natural resources such as natural brine water from Ciseeng, West Java. Natural brine contains a lot of minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg. and could potentially be the source of those elements. One of the common process for recovering minerals in brine water is through solar evaporation process. This process is ineffective because the evaporation stops in the night time. The purposes of this study are to find another method for concentrating brine, characterize natural brine from Ciseeng, West Java, and investigate the effect of new evaporation method to the brine. In this work, the author conducted the evaporation using electric heater to keep the solution in the desired temperature coupled with blowers to blow air to the surface of the solution for 10 days. The volume of the system was maintained by making up the evaporated water with fresh brine. The results indicate that the evaporation can increase the Mg, Na, and K concentration up to 282%, 283%, and 207%, respectively, while the Ca concentration stays relatively constant compared to the fresh brine. The brine’s °Bé increase from 2.5 to 6. In the process, about 158% of Ca and 51% of Na were recovered as precipitate.
Comment on ‘The Computational 2D Materials Database: high-throughput modeling and discovery of atomically thin crystals’
Authors: Maździarz Marcin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recently Haastrup et al 2018 (2D Mater. 5 042002) introduced the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB), which organises a variety of structural, thermodynamic, elastic, electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of around 1500 two-dimensional materials distributed over more than 30 different crystal structures. Unfortunately, the work contains serious and fundamental flaws in the field of elasticity and mechanical stability tests that make it unreliable.