bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential effects of climate change on air quality across the conterminous US at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways
Authors: Nolte Christopher G. , Spero Tanya L. , Bowden Jared H. , Mallard Megan S. , Dolwick Patrick D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The potential impacts of climate change on regional ozone (O3) and
fine particulate (PM2.5) air quality in the United States (US) are
investigated by linking global climate simulations with regional-scale
meteorological and chemical transport models. Regional climate at 2000 and
at 2030 under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) is simulated by
using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to downscale 11-year
time slices from the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The downscaled
meteorology is then used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
model to simulate air quality during each of these 11-year periods. The
analysis isolates the future air quality differences arising from
climate-driven changes in meteorological parameters and specific natural
emissions sources that are strongly influenced by meteorology. Other factors
that will affect future air quality, such as anthropogenic air pollutant
emissions and chemical boundary conditions, are unchanged across the
simulations. The regional climate fields represent historical daily maximum
and daily minimum temperatures well, with mean biases of less than 2 K for most
regions of the US and most seasons of the year and good representation of
variability. Precipitation in the central and eastern US is well simulated
for the historical period, with seasonal and annual biases generally less
than 25 %, with positive biases exceeding 25 % in the western US throughout
the year and in part of the eastern US during summer. Maximum daily 8 h
ozone (MDA8 O3) is projected to increase during summer and autumn in
the central and eastern US. The increase in summer mean MDA8 O3 is
largest under RCP8.5, exceeding 4 ppb in some locations, with smaller
seasonal mean increases of up to 2 ppb simulated during autumn and changes
during spring generally less than 1 ppb. Increases are magnified at the upper
end of the O3 distribution, particularly where projected increases in
temperature are greater. Annual average PM2.5 concentration changes
range from −1.0 to 1.0 µg m−3. Organic PM2.5
concentrations increase during summer and autumn due to increased biogenic
emissions. Aerosol nitrate decreases during winter, accompanied by lesser
decreases in ammonium and sulfate, due to warmer temperatures causing
increased partitioning to the gas phase. Among meteorological factors
examined to account for modeled changes in pollution, temperature and
isoprene emissions are found to have the largest changes and the greatest
impact on O3 concentrations.
Basal control of supraglacial meltwater catchments on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Crozier Josh , Karlstrom Leif , Yang Kang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Ice surface topography controls the routing of surface meltwater generated in
the ablation zones of glaciers and ice sheets. Meltwater routing is a direct
source of ice mass loss as well as a primary influence on subglacial
hydrology and basal sliding of the ice sheet. Although the processes that
determine ice sheet topography at the largest scales are known, controls on
the topographic features that influence meltwater routing at supraglacial
internally drained catchment (IDC) scales (<10s of km) are less well
constrained. Here we examine the effects of two processes on ice sheet
surface topography: transfer of bed topography to the surface of flowing ice
and thermal–fluvial erosion by supraglacial meltwater streams. We implement
2-D basal transfer functions in seven study regions of the western Greenland
Ice Sheet ablation zone using recent data sets for bed elevation, ice surface
elevation, and ice surface velocities. We find that ∼1–10 km scale ice
surface features can be explained well by bed topography transfer in regions
with different multiyear-averaged ice flow conditions. We use flow-routing
algorithms to extract supraglacial stream networks from 2 to 5 m resolution
digital elevation models and compare these with synthetic flow networks
calculated on ice surfaces predicted by bed topography transfer. Multiple
geomorphological metrics calculated for these networks suggest that bed
topography can explain general ∼1–10 km supraglacial meltwater
routing and that thermal–fluvial erosion thus has a lesser role in shaping
ice surface topography on these scales. We then use bed topography transfer
functions and flow routing to conduct a parameter study predicting how
supraglacial IDC configurations and subglacial
hydraulic potential would change under varying multiyear-averaged ice flow
and basal sliding regimes. Predicted changes to subglacial hydraulic flow
pathways directly caused by changing ice surface topography are subtle, but
temporal changes in basal sliding or ice thickness have potentially
significant influences on IDC spatial distribution. We suggest that changes
to IDC size and number density could affect subglacial hydrology primarily by
dispersing the englacial–subglacial input of surface meltwater.
RELIGIOSIDADE CABOCLA NA ARTE CERAMISTA DE ICOARACI/PA
Authors: Ferreira Rosiane Barbosa 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo, abordará a emergencia do estudo do fenomeno religioso, por meio do imaginario dos povos do norte, esta bem associado na produção ceramista de Icoaraci/ Pa pautada na reprodução artistica das crenças amazonicas nos objetos produzidos pela comunidade de oleiros,se dandopela criação do artista em que este desenvolve uma primazia pelos motivos religiosos do povo pré cabralinoexistentesna região amazonica, estando estando os oleiros do Paracuri como agentes difusores das encantarias e o movimento do ser humano de antigas civilizações com a natureza e por meio de suas peças artesanais. Atraves da pesquisa de campo metodologicamente entrevistando os oleiros do bairro e por meio das analises das peças ceramicas produzidas na localidade e permitiu identificar a presença da difusão da perspectiva religiosa dos povos nativos da região como afirmação cultural na pratica do oleiro icoaraciense.
Obravnava otrok, okuženih z bakterijo Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Homan Matjaž 
Published: October 2018

Izvleček
Prevalenca Helicobacter pylori okužbe v razvitem svetu je nižja od 20 %. Helicobacter pylori infekcija pri otrocih v večini primerov povzroči asimptomatski kronični gastritis. Kronične bolečine v trebuhu, če ob endoskopiji zgornjih prebavil ne odkrijemo erozij ali ulkusov, pri otrocih niso povezane z bakterijsko okužbo. Glede na to diagnostika Helicobacter pylori okužbe z neinvazivnimi testi v otroštvu ni priporočljiva. Zdravljenje naj bo usmerjeno glede na antibiotično rezistenco seva bakterije, ki smo ga izolirali iz biopta želodčne sluznice ob endoskopiji zgornjih prebavil. V članku so povzeta priporočila, ki smo jih oblikovali letos v Odboru za Helicobacter pylori okužbo v okviru Severnoameriškega in Evropskega pediatričnega združenja za gastroenterologijo, hepatologijo in prehrano (NASPGHAN, ESPGHAN) na podlagi sistematičnega pregleda objavljenih raziskav s tega področja (1).
History of infant milk formula in Slovenia
Authors: Šikić Pogačar Maja , Turk Eva , Mičetić Turk Dušanka 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Optimal nutrition is one of the most important aspects in the care of infants, especially for the preterm infants and neonates. Until the 1900s, an infant’s survival and health were closly related to the availability of breastmilk. Human milk was and still is the best food for nearly all infants. Besides physical growth, human milk offers a variety of other benefits, including modulation of postnatal intestinal function, maturation of immune system, and has positive effect on brain development. Even though breastfeeding is highly recommended, it may not always be possible, suitable or adequate. Through history, the evolution of infant feeding included wet nursing, bottle feeding, and formula use. Wet nursing was the safest and most common alternative to the breastmilk before bottles and infant milk formula were invented. However, society's negative view of wet nursing together with the invention and improvements of the feeding bottle, the availability of animal’s milk, and advances in milk formula development, gradually led to replacing wet nursing with bottle feeding. Such evolution of infant feeding methods was similar throughout the world and Slovenia followed the trend. In this article, we review the history of different methods of infant feeding, other than breastfeeding, all of which presented an alternative to breastfeeding.
Using the validated Reflective Functioning Questionnaire to investigate mentalizing in individuals presenting with eating disorders with and without self-harm
Authors: Cucchi Angie , Hampton James A. , Moulton-Perkins Alesia 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe present study builds on previous research which explored the relationship between mentalizing and eating disorders (ED) in a subgroup of patients with comorbid self-harm (SH). Whereas previous literature had linked this comorbidity to impulse-control difficulties, more recent advances have suggested that a lack of a mentalizing stance might be responsible for a more treatment-resistant and severe symptomatology in this subgroup of clients.MethodsA cross-sectional, quasi-experimental, questionnaire-based, between-groups design was employed and a measure of mentalizing was compared in individuals presenting with ED only, individuals presenting with ED and concurrent SH and a control group.ResultsIndividuals with ED with concurrent SH reported significantly more mentalizing ability impairment than individuals without concurrent SH. In addition, both groups differed significantly from the control group. Opposite scoring patterns were identified in hypo- and hypermentalizing with the comorbid group reporting the lowest scores in hypermentalizing and the highest scores in hypomentalizing.ConclusionsThe current findings confirm that individuals with concurrent ED and SH report more severe impairments in mentalizing ability. Such impairments entail difficulties in symbolic capacity and abstract thinking and a concretisation of inner life, exemplified by a rigid, often inflexible focus on the physical world. The clinical implications that a lack of a mentalizing stance can have on individuals’ ability to engage with the therapeutic process and to initiate change are reflected upon.
Comparison of intensity modulated radiotherapy plan optimisation methods for a 1.5 T MR‐Linac
Authors: Chuter Robert , van Herk Marcel , Akhiat Hafid , Voet Peter , MacKay Ranald , Choudhury Ananya , McWilliam Alan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeFor the 1.5 T Elekta MR‐Linac it is essential that the optimisation of a treatment plan accounts for the electron return effect on the planned dose distribution. The ability of two algorithms for the first stage fluence optimisation, pencil beam (PB) and Monte Carlo (MC), to produce acceptable plan quality was investigated. Optimisation time for each algorithm was also compared.MethodsTen head and neck patients, ten lung patients and five prostate patients were selected from the clinical archive. These were retrospectively planned using a research version of Monaco with both the PB and MC algorithms for the fluence optimisation stage. After full optimisation DVH parameters, optimisation time and the number of Monitor Units (MU) as a measure of plan complexity were extracted.ResultsThere were no clinically significant differences between any of the DVH parameters studied or the total number of MUs between using PB or MC for stage 1 optimisation across the three patient groups. However, planning time increased by a factor of ten using MC algorithms for stage 1.ConclusionThe use of MC calculations compared to PB, for stage 1 fluence optimisation, results in increased planning time without clinical improvement in plan quality or reduction in complexity and is therefore not necessary.
Composition and Interface Engineering for Efficient and Thermally Stable Pb–Sn Mixed Low‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chi Dan , Huang Shihua , Zhang Meiying , Mu Shaiqiang , Zhao Yang , Chen Yong , You Jingbi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLow bandgap lead–tin (Pb–Sn) mixed perovskite solar cells have achieved high power conversion efficiency in excess of 17%. However, methylammonium (MA) cation is usually contained, and the thermal stability of MA is always a great concern. In this work, according to composition engineering, a nearly formamidinium (FA) based low‐bandgap Pb–Sn mixed perovskite FAPb0.75Sn0.25I3 is being tried to explore as the absorber layer. Combined with interface engineering by replacing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrenesulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS), layer with NiOx as hole transport layer, a power conversion efficiency of 17.25% is obtained. This low‐bandgap perovskite solar cell maintains about 91% of its original efficiency at 80 °C for 20 h, and 92% of its initial performance after 46 days storage at the room temperature. The good thermal stability of nearly FA based low‐bandgap perovskite could be good for delivering efficient and stable perovskite‐perovskite tandem solar cells.
ZD2‐Engineered Gold Nanostar@Metal‐Organic Framework Nanoprobes for T1‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photothermal Therapy Specifically Toward Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Luyun , Liu Chuang , Gao Yang , Li Zihou , Xing Jie , Ren Wenzhi , Zhang Lili , Li Aiguo , Lu Guangming , Wu Aiguo , Zeng Leyong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCompared with other subtypes of breast cancer, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is seriously threatening to human life. Therefore, it is a matter of urgency to develop multifunctional nanoprobes for visualized theranostics of TNBC, achieving specific targeting toward only TNBC, but not other subtypes. Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) show important potential in visualized theranostics of tumors, but it is critical to synthesize well‐defined core–shell MOF‐based nanocomposites by encapsulating a single nanoparticle within MOF. In this study, a TNBC‐targeted peptide (ZD2)‐engineered, and a single gold nanostar (AuNS) coated within MIL‐101‐NH2(Fe) by coating MOF with four cycles, obtain well‐defined core–shell AuNS@MOF‐ZD2 nanocomposites, which are expected to achieve T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) specifically targeting toward TNBC. The prepared AuNS@MOF‐ZD2 nanocomposites possess good biocompatibility, efficient T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) relaxivity and stable photothermal conversion ability with an efficiency of 40.5%. The in vitro and in vivo characterizations prove their performances of T1‐weighted MR and PTT with a low power density of 808 nm laser, achieving excellent theranostic efficacy in TNBC. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the prepared AuNS@MOF‐ZD2 nanoprobes can specifically target TNBC cells (MDA‐MB‐231), but not other subtypes of breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐435, MDA‐MB‐468, and MCF‐7), indicating their promising application in visualized theranostics of breast cancers with molecular classification.
Construction of Magnetoelectric Composites with a Large Room‐Temperature Magnetoelectric Response through Molecular–Ionic Ferroelectrics
Authors: Li Dong , Zhao Xue‐Mei , Zhao Hai‐Xia , Dong Xin‐Wei , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMagnetoelectric materials with a large magnetoelectric response, a low operating magnetic (or electric) field, and a room‐temperature (or higher) operating temperature are of key importance for practical applications. However, such materials are extremely rare because a large magnetoelectric response often requires strong coupling between spins and electric dipoles. Herein, an example of a magnetoelectric composite is prepared by using a room‐temperature multiaxial molecular–ionic ferroelectric, tetramethylammonium tetrachlorogallate(III) (1). Investigation of the magnetoelectric effect of the magnetoelectric laminate composite indicates that its room‐temperature magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (αME) is as high as 186 mV cm−1 Oe−1 at HDC = 275 Oe and at the HAC frequency of ≈39 kHz, providing a valid approach for the preparation of magnetoelectric materials and adding a new member to the magnetoelectric material family.
Induced Formation of Structural Domain Walls and Their Confinement on Phase Dynamics in Strained Manganite Thin Films
Authors: Feng Qiyuan , Jin Feng , Zhou Haibiao , Wang Lingfei , Meng Wenjie , Zhang Kexuan , Wang Jihao , Zhang Jing , Hou Yubin , Lu Qingyou , Wu Wenbin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDomain walls (DWs) in strongly correlated materials have provided fertile ground for the discovery of exotic phenomena, and controlling the formation of DWs is still a challenge. Here, it is demonstrated that a new type of structural DW can be induced in a series of manganite thin films, which are engineered to achieve a robust charge‐ordering insulating (COI) ground state by selecting various films and substrates. The monoclinic domains are somewhat irregular in shape, and the corresponding DWs, taking the shape of closed loops, are ferromagnetic and metallic (FMM) at low temperatures. Remarkably, the DWs exhibit little dependence on temperature or magnetic field, due to the structural origins of the domains. Additionally, using magnetic force microscopy, the role played by DWs in the dynamics of the COI and FMM phases at the mesoscopic scale is revealed. They function as barriers, strictly confining the phase dynamics within each domain, reflecting the strong coupling of electronic phases with the lattice. Each domain exhibits binary occupation by a single pure phase, resulting in a quasi‐periodic phase separation. The universal behaviors of the multiple engineered films elucidate the possibility of controlling the formation of DWs and tuning phase dynamics through DW design.
Stabilization of Colloidal Crystals Engineered with DNA
Authors: Oh Taegon , Park Sarah S. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA postsynthetic method for stabilizing colloidal crystals programmed from DNA is developed. The method relies on Ag+ ions to stabilize the particle‐connecting DNA duplexes within the crystal lattice, essentially transforming them from loosely bound structures to ones with very strong interparticle links. Such crystals do not dissociate as a function of temperature like normal DNA or DNA‐interconnected superlattices, and they can be moved from water to organic media or the solid state, and stay intact. The Ag+‐stabilization of the DNA bonds is accompanied by a nondestructive ≈25% contraction of the lattice, and both the stabilization and contraction are reversible with the chemical extraction of the Ag+ ions, by AgCl precipitation with NaCl. This synthetic tool is important, since it allows scientists and engineers to study such crystals in environments that are incompatible with structures made by conventional DNA programmable methods and without the influence of a matrix such as silica.
Vertical Integration of Cell‐Laden Hydrogels with Bioinspired Photonic Crystal Membranes
Authors: Pei Yi , Shahoei Sayyed Hamed , Li Yanfen , Reece Peter J. , Nelson Erik R. , Gooding J. Justin , Kilian Kristopher A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe native architecture of tissue segregates populations of cells through nanostructured membranes of biopolymers (e.g., basement membranes) which serve the dual purpose of providing scaffolding for cells and filtration through size‐exclusion. A multilayered approach to fabricate tissue scaffolds where populations of encapsulated cells are separated by porous silicon (PSi)‐based photonic crystal membranes with nano‐ and microstructure that mimics the basement membranes is reported here. The PSi films are fabricated to display discreet photonic bandgaps such that remote optical interrogation provides a specific resonance for each film. Through careful control of surface chemistry, nanostructured PSi films are engineered to serve as optical biosensors and biomolecule release reservoirs, where the optical signature can report on these distinct functions remotely using a simple light source. The promise of this approach is demonstrated as a “smart” tissue scaffolding by monitoring matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity from encapsulated multilayered co‐cultures of mesenchymal stem cells and human microvascular endothelial cells, with concurrent attenuation of MMP activity through release of angiogenic‐modulating compounds. The integration of optically registered biosensing and drug‐release capabilities—within a multilayered hydrogel scaffold with multiple cell types—provides a new approach to tissue engineering where dynamic bioactivity can be monitored remotely in real‐time.
Transition Metal‐Doped Edge‐Terminated MoS2 Superstructures as Efficient Catalysts for H2 Production
Authors: Ding Jiabao , Shao Qi , Bai Shuxing , Huang Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs the most important layered transition metal dichalcogenide, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is applicable for simultaneous H2 production and CO elimination by water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR), while its performance is still not satisfactory. To further promote the catalytic activities of MoS2, herein a series of transition metals (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) into the column‐like superstructures with edge‐terminated MoS2 nanosheet building blocks (termed as M‐ET MoS2 SSs) is doped as the efficient catalysts for WGSR. A precise M doping into ET MoS2 SSs reveals that the M‐ET MoS2 SSs exhibit the volcano‐like activity toward WGSR as a function of specific M with the 5%Ni‐ET MoS2 SSs displaying the best average rate of 50.48 µmolH2 gcat.
−1 s−1 in WGSR at 473 K, which is 4 and 13 times higher than those of the ET MoS2 SSs and commercial MoS2, respectively, and is even comparable to many noble‐metal‐based catalysts. The valence band spectra reveal that the boosted WGSR activity of 5%Ni‐ET MoS2 SSs can be ascribed to the downshift of the d‐band center relative to the Fermi level, which facilitates the H desorption to produce H2 in WGSR, showing a highly efficient and earth‐abundant catalysts for WGSR and beyond.
Ultrahigh Performance On‐Chip Single Crystal Diamond NEMS/MEMS with Electrically Tailored Self‐Sensing Enhancing Actuation
Authors: Liao Meiyong , Sang Liwen , Teraji Tokuyuki , Koizumi Satoshi , Koide Yasuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAll‐electrical nano‐electromechanical or micro‐electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS) with integrated sensing and actuation are essential to fulfill the functionalities of single‐crystal diamond (SCD) NEMS/MEMS by integrated circuits for sensors or quantum systems. However, the implementation of all‐electrical on‐chip SCD NEMS/MEMS transducers has encountered bottlenecks due to the lack of shallow dopants in diamond and the difficulty of integrating active materials on diamond. In the present work, an on‐chip SCD NEMS/MEMS with unprecedented figure‐of‐merits is demonstrated by proposing a self‐sensing enhancing actuation scheme to circumvent the bottlenecks in diamond. The on‐chip SCD NEMS/MEMS show high self‐sensitivity, low actuation voltage, little energy dissipation, and high‐frequency and high‐temperature operation (873 K). The present work provides a platform for the development of ultrahigh‐performance and robust SCD NEMS/MEMS in sensors and quantum science fields, superior to other semiconductors.