bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the translational complexity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in neonates and infants
Authors: Moss Hunter G. , Jenkins Dorothea D. , Yazdani Milad , Brown Truman R. 
Published: March 2019

Little attention has been paid to relating MRS outputs of vendor‐supplied platforms to those from research software. This comparison is crucial to advance MRS as a clinical prognostic tool for disease or injury, recovery, and outcome.The work presented here investigates the agreement between metabolic ratios reported from vendor‐provided and LCModel fitting algorithms using MRS data obtained on Siemens 3 T TIM Trio and 3 T Skyra MRI scanners in a total of 55 premature infants and term neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). We compared peak area ratios in single voxels placed in basal ganglia (BG) and frontal white matter (WM) using standard PRESS (TE = 30 ms and 270 ms) and STEAM (TE = 20 ms) MRS sequences at multiple times after birth from 5 to 60 days.A total of 74 scans met quality standards for inclusion, reflecting a spectrum of neonatal disease and several months of early infant development. For the long TE PRESS sequence, N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and Choline (Cho) ratios to Creatine (Cr) correlated strongly between LCModel and vendor‐supplied software in the BG. For shorter TEs, the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were more closely related using STEAM at TE = 20 ms in BG and WM, which was significantly better than using PRESS at TE = 30 ms in the BG of HIE infants.At short TEs, however, it is still unclear which MRS sequence, STEAM or PRESS, is superior and thus more work is required in this regard for translating research‐generated MRS ratios to clinical diagnosis and prognostication, and unlocking the potential of MRS for in vivo metabolomics. MRS at both long and short TEs is desirable for standard metabolites such as NAA, Cho and Cr, along with important lower concentration metabolites such as myo‐inositol and glutathione.
A community‐engaged approach to investigate cardiovascular‐associated inflammation among American Indian women: A research protocol
Authors: Brooks Jada L. , Berry Diane C. , Currin Emily G. , Ledford Alasia , Knafl George J. , Fredrickson Barbara L. , Beeber Linda S. ,   HAPPI Community Partnership Committee, Peden David B. , Corbie‐Smith Giselle M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmerican Indian women are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) than White or African American women. Inflammatory processes may underlie CVD disparities by gender and race and may be critical to understanding population‐specific drivers and potential buffers. Exposure to environmental air pollutants, especially particulate matter (PM), is known to be an important catalyst in CVD‐associated inflammation. Positive psychological states, associated with low levels of inflammatory gene expression, could serve to moderate the inflammatory response to environmental air pollutants and ultimately lead to better cardiovascular health outcomes. The aim of the ongoing community‐engaged and NIH‐funded study described in this study protocol is to address the racial and gender gaps in CVD mortality by investigating the contextually relevant and culturally important determinants of health among American Indian women. In this paper we describe the procedures used to examine the relationship between environmental air pollutant exposures (PM10‐2.5 and PM
2.5), psychological factors (e.g., depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, eudemonic well‐being, and positive emotions), and cardiovascular‐associated inflammation (hs‐CRP, IL‐6, Amyloid A, CBCs with differentials) in a sample of 150 women 18–50 years of age from the Lumbee Tribe in southeastern North Carolina. We describe lessons learned and strategies used in developing a community‐engaged approach to enhance recruitment of American Indian women in biomedical research. The empirical data and community infrastructure resulting from this study will be foundational in designing and testing future interventions to reduce CVD‐associated morbidity and mortality in American Indian women.
Six Weeks of Morning Fasting Causes Little Adaptation of Metabolic or Appetite Responses to Feeding in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Chowdhury Enhad A. , Richardson Judith D. , Gonzalez Javier T. , Tsintzas Kostas , Thompson Dylan , Betts James A. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of sustained morning fasting or breakfast consumption on metabolism, energy intake, and appetite in healthy adults with obesity.MethodsAn independent‐measures randomized controlled trial with baseline and follow‐up laboratory assessment days separated by a 6‐week intervention of either morning fasting (0 kcal until 12:00pm) or daily breakfast (> 700 kcal by 11:00am) was performed. Measures included metabolic outcomes (glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids), hormones regulating appetite (total/acylated ghrelin, peptide YY, leptin), and energy expenditure (diet‐induced thermogenesis) parameters throughout a laboratory test day andad libitumintake following a fixed breakfast.ResultsAllocation to fasting versus breakfast resulted in minimal adaptation as reflected by the metabolic outcomes or the majority of appetite regulatory outcomes for either area under curve or time‐course‐based measures (P > 0.05).Ad libitumlunch intake was not different (P = 0.13), nor was diet‐induced thermogenesis or a composite appetite score (bothP > 0.10). However, there was a reduced total area under the curve for peptide YY (P = 0.05) and increased postprandial hunger ratings (P = 0.05) in the breakfast group.ConclusionsThere was little evidence of metabolic adaptation to acute feeding or negative consequences from sustained morning fasting. This indicates that previously observed differences between breakfast consumers and skippers may be acute effects of feeding or may have resulted from other lifestyle factors.
A semidefinite programming approach for polynomial switched optimal control problems
Authors: Davoudi Ramtin , Hosseini Seyed Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis paper considers solving optimal control of switched systems with polynomial data globally, where the number of switches and the switching signal are not preassigned. The problem is transformed into an embedded polynomial form in which a continuous variable controls the switching policy. Then, using occupation measures, the embedded optimal control problem is formulated as an infinite‐dimensional linear programming (LP) over the space of measures. A polynomial sum‐of‐squares strengthening corresponding to conic dual of the measure LP problem provides an approximating optimal feedback control for both classical control and the switching signal. Furthermore, the optimal switching signal is calculated without mode projection. Finally, three simulation experiments are included to confirm the theoretical results in the paper.
Anionic living polymerization of alkyl methacrylate at ambient temperature and its mechanism research
Authors: Li Zheng , Chen Jianding , Zou Guijin , Zhang Tongyuan , Wei Dafu , Xu Xiang , Guan Yong , Zheng Anna 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn order to break through the bottleneck of anionic polymerization, polar monomers such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, and hexyl methacrylate are subjected to anionic polymerization at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran (THF) using potassium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuOK) as the initiator. The polymerization of alkyl methacrylates is studied by multidetector gel permeation chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and dynamic laser light scattering. It is found that t‐BuOK can initiate the living anionic polymerization of polar alkyl methacrylate, and the polymerization conversion almost reaches up to 100%. t‐BuOK exists into two kinds of agglomerates, whose hydrodynamic volumes are 10 and 80 nm, respectively. t‐BuOK in THF is similar to emulsion and has a critical active species concentration of about 0.0265 mol L−1 and does not depend on how much t‐BuOK is added. After the initiation of the polymerization, the large agglomerates of a loose and less regular structure that have occupied the main part of t‐BuOK are greatly reduced, but they do not continue to decrease until they disappear according to the equilibrium theory. Similarly, the active chain after initiation also will not aggregate again. Furthermore, t‐BuOK also has an active species with smaller average vibration size between cation and anion pairs, which can only initiate the polymerization of MMA with rather slow rate but cannot initiate other alkyl methacrylates. At last, because t‐BuOK can make the dormant species caused by side reactions to be revived, the anionic polymerization of MMA could obtain a high yield. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1130–1139
Surface‐initiated single‐electron transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide on silicon substrate at ambient temperature
Authors: Yücel Filiz Maden , Yildirim Ertan , Caykara Tuncer 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT2‐Hydroxyethyl acrylamide was successfully polymerized via single‐electron transfer initiation on the silicon surface and propagation through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (SET‐RAFT) polymerization at ambient temperature for different polymerization times. This work is the first time application of the surface‐initiated SET‐RAFT mechanism to afford the preparation of well‐defined poly(2‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) [poly(HEAAm)] brushes at ambient temperature. The polymerization was well controlled and produced poly(HEAAm) brushes on the silicon surface with a well‐defined target molecular weight. The controlled nature of the polymerization was further demonstrated in the presence of sulfur atoms at the chain ends in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. The grafting density (σ, chains nm−2) and the average distance between grafting points (D, nm) were found to be 0.42 chains nm−2 and 1.74 nm, respectively, indicating moderate grafting density. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1140–1146
Directed motion of a polyelectrolyte micelle along tethered chains of oppositely charged polyelectrolyte brush
Authors: Miliou Kalliopi , Gergidis Leonidas N. , Vlahos Costas 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe complexation of different single polyelectrolyte (PE) micelles formed by linear diblock copolymers with oppositely charged brushes with varying grafting densities and charge content was studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations using the primitive model. We found that all micelles perform a directed motion along the vertical z axis on the grafted surface where they trapped while on the other axes the motion is restricted in a circle in which the diameter decreases with the increase of the hydrophilic length of the linear diblock copolymer. The motion of micelles is characterized as super diffusion inside brushes with low densities and low charge content. At high grafting densities and charge content the diffusion becomes Fickian or slightly subdiffusive. The number of the absorbed brush chains on the micelle corona increases almost monotonically with the increase of brush grafting density or with the decrease of charge content. The distance from the surface in which the micelle is trapped can be controlled by the charge density along the grafted PE chain. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 621–631
Differences in fungicide resistance profiles and multiple resistance to a quinone‐outside inhibitor (QoI), two succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), and a demethylation inhibitor (DMI) for two Stagonosporopsis species causing gummy stem blight of cucurbits
Authors: Li Hao‐Xi , Nuckols Thomas A , Harris Devon , Stevenson Katherine L , Brewer Marin T 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundGummy stem blight (GSB) is a devastating disease of cucurbits that has been effectively managed with fungicide applications. However, the Stagonosporopsis spp. that cause GSB have rapidly evolved resistance to multiple classes of fungicides. To better understand the evolution and persistence of fungicide resistance in field populations, resistance profiles of unique and clonal genotypes of 113 Stagonosporopsis citrulli and 19 S. caricae isolates to four different fungicides were determined based on in vitro mycelial growth assays and molecular markers based on genes encoding fungicide targets.ResultsAll 19 S. caricae isolates screened were resistant to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, and sensitive to boscalid and fluopyram. All 113 S. citrulli isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and sensitive to fluopyram, with one exception that was fluopyram‐resistant. All isolates of S. citrulli except two were resistant to azoxystrobin. Phenotypic differences in response to boscalid were detected among S. citrulli isolates, but the phenotypes were not associated with multilocus genotypes (MLG) determined by 16 microsatellite loci. Additionally, isolates sharing the same MLG varied by SdhB genotype. A unique mutation of I229V in SdhB, a target of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides, was detected for the fluopyram‐resistant isolate of S. citrulli.ConclusionBoth the lack of association of fungicide resistance profiles with genetic similarity of isolates based on microsatellite loci and the finding that widely distributed MLG varied in fungicide resistance profiles suggest that independent evolutionary events for resistance to boscalid have likely occurred. Frequent genetic recombination within populations may be responsible for resistance to multiple fungicides. This study provides useful information for effectively managing both species of GSB fungi present in the southeastern USA and understanding the evolution of fungicide resistance within populations of plant‐pathogenic fungi. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Substrate‐Controlled Aza‐Ene/Prins Cyclization for the Synthesis of Dihydroquinoline and Oxocene Derivatives
Authors: Chandrashekhar Rapelli , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA substituent controlled aza‐ene/Prins cyclization strategy has been developed for the one‐pot synthesis of dihydroquinoline tethered tetrahydropyran derivatives from ortho‐aminoaryl alkenols and aromatic aldehydes using 30 mol% TMSOTf at 60 °C. The reaction proceeds through a sequential aza‐ene and Prins cyclization. In the case of nitro and cyano substituted aromatic aldehydes, eight‐membered oxocene derivatives were obtained under similar conditions. This is the first report on the introduction of tetrahydropyran ring at 4th position of dihydroquinoline from ortho‐aminoaryl alkenol and aromatic aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst. A catalytic amount of TMSOTf facilitates aza‐ene and Prins cyclizations sequentially in a single‐step.
Toward Precision Measurement and Manipulation of Single‐Molecule Reactions by a Confined Space
Authors: Qiu Kaipei , Fato Tano Patrice , Yuan Bo , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll chemical reactions can be divided into a series of single molecule reactions (SMRs), the elementary steps that involve only isomerization of, dissociation from, and addition to an individual molecule. Analyzing SMRs is of paramount importance to identify the intrinsic molecular mechanism of a complex chemical reaction, which is otherwise implausible to reveal in an ensemble fashion, owing to the significant static and dynamic heterogeneity of real‐world chemical systems. The single‐molecule measurement and manipulation methods developed recently are playing an increasingly irreplaceable role to detect and recognize short‐lived intermediates, visualize their transient existence, and determinate the kinetics and dynamics of single bond breaking and formation. Notably, none of the above SMRs characterizations can be realized without the aid of a confined space. Therefore, this Review aims to highlight the recent progress in the development of confined space enabled single‐molecule sensing, imaging, and tuning methods to study chemical reactions. Future prospects of SMRs research are also included, including a push toward the physical limit on transduction of information to signals and vice versa, transmission and recording of signals, computational modeling and simulation, and rational design of a confined space for precise SMRs.
Cell Membrane Camouflaged Hydrophobic Drug Nanoflake Sandwiched with Photosensitizer for Orchestration of Chemo‐Photothermal Combination Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Zhang Xiao , Lu Guihong , Li Feng , Bao Weier , Song Cui , Wei Wei , Ma Guanghui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany candidate anticancer drugs have suffered from their intrinsic hydrophobicity, which poses several obstacles for clinical application. To overcome this challenge and further improve the performance, herein a nanocrystal‐based biomimetic formulation with a sandwich structure is developed. As the core, flake shaped nanocrystals (NCs) with high loading of the hydrophobic drug hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) are synthesized via a mild nanoprecipitation process by exploring the template effect of serum albumin. Meanwhile, the camouflaged cancer cell membrane (CM) composed of plentiful membrane proteins endows the NCs with homotypic targeting capacity at tumor sites. In addition, the photosensitizer indocyanine green sandwiched between NCs and CM not only converts near infrared light to heat for photothermal treatment but also improves the dissolution of HCPT NCs for chemotherapy. These features corporately achieve the orchestration of chemo‐photothermal combination therapy and completely inhibit tumor growth with few adverse effects, showing promise as a new modality for the utilization of hydrophobic drugs to treat cancer.
A Double‐Buffering Strategy to Boost the Lithium Storage of Botryoid MnOx/C Anodes
Authors: Yang Cheng , Yao Yu , Lian Yuebin , Chen Yujie , Shah Rahim , Zhao Xiaohui , Chen Muzi , Peng Yang , Deng Zhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) are regarded as promising candidates for anodes of lithium ion batteries, but their applications have been severely hindered by poor material conductivity and lithiated volume expansion. As a potential solution, herein is presented a facile approach, by electrospinning a manganese‐based metal organic framework (Mn‐MOF), to fabricate yolk–shell MnOx nanostructures within carbon nanofibers in a botryoid morphology. While the yolk–shell structure accomodates the lithiated volume expansion of MnOx, the fiber confinement ensures the structural integrity during charge/discharge, achieving a so‐called double‐buffering for cyclic volume fluctuation. The formation mechanism of the yolk–shell structure is well elucidated through comprehensive instrumental characterizations and cogitative control experiments, following a combined Oswald ripening and Kirkendall process. Outstanding electrochemical performances are demonstrated with prolonged stability over 1000 cycles, boosted by the double‐buffering design, as well as the “breathing” effect of lithiation/delithiation witnessed by ex situ imaging. Both the fabrication methodology and electrochemical understandings gained here for nanostructured MnOx can also be extended to other TMOs toward their ultimate implementation in high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
One-loop amplitudes for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 homogeneous supergravities
Authors: Ben-Shahar Maor , Chiodaroli Marco 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe compute one-loop matter amplitudes in homogeneous Maxwell-Einstein supergravities with$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 supersymmetry using the double-copy construction. We start from amplitudes of$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 super-Yang-Mills theory with matter that obey manifestly the duality between color and kinematics. Taking advantage of the fact that amplitudes with external hypermultiplets have kinematical numerators which do not present any explicit dependence on the loop momentum, we find a relation between the one-loop divergence of the supergravity amplitudes and the beta function of the non-supersymmetric gauge theory entering the construction. Two distinct linearized counterterms are generated at one loop. The divergence corresponding to the first is nonzero for all homogeneous supergravities, while the divergence associated to the second vanishes only in the case of the four Magical supergravities.
Towards sustainable bioplastic production using the photoautotrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1
Authors: Ranaivoarisoa Tahina Onina , Singh Rajesh , Rengasamy Karthikeyan , Guzman Michael S , Bose Arpita 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Bacterial synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) is a potential approach for producing biodegradable plastics. This study assessed the ability of Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE-1 to produce PHBs under various conditions. We focused on photoautotrophy using a poised electrode (photoelectroautotrophy) or ferrous iron (photoferroautotrophy) as electron donors. Growth conditions were tested with either ammonium chloride or dinitrogen gas as the nitrogen source. Although TIE-1’s capacity to produce PHBs varied fairly under different conditions, photoelectroautotrophy and photoferroautotrophy showed the highest PHB electron yield and the highest specific PHB productivity, respectively. Gene expression analysis showed that there was no differential expression in PHB biosynthesis genes. This suggests that the variations in PHB accumulation might be post-transcriptionally regulated. This is the first study to systematically quantify the amount of PHB produced by a microbe via photoelectroautotrophy and photoferroautotrophy. This work could lead to sustainable bioproduction using abundant resources such as light, electricity, iron, and carbon dioxide.
Relationship of Specific Sexual Activities to Orgasmic Latency, Pleasure, and Difficulty During Partnered Sex
Authors: Rowland David L. , Kolba Tiffany N. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Specific sexual activities during partnered sex are likely to affect orgasmic parameters, such as latency, pleasure, and difficulty, but such relationships have not been examined in detail.

Aim
To ascertain whether specific kinds of sexual activities account for variation in orgasmic latency, pleasure, and difficulty during partnered sex.

Method
Participants were 2,068 women drawn from community-based samples in the United States and Hungary who completed an investigator-derived questionnaire regarding their sexual history and response, including items related to frequency of masturbation and partnered sex, sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasmic response, orgasmic latency, distress, partner distress, and sexual satisfaction.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-reported orgasmic latency, pleasure, and difficulty during partnered sex were assessed.

Results
Orgasmic pleasure and orgasmic difficulty were related to the types of sexual activities incorporated into partnered sex. Nevertheless, relationship satisfaction played as large a role in both orgasmic parameters. Orgasmic latency, on the other hand, was less affected by the type of sexual activity during partnered sex, but it was also affected by relationship satisfaction and orgasmic difficulty.

Clinical Implication
Addressing relationship satisfaction and expanding the behavioral repertoire of activities during partnered sex may increase sexual satisfaction and mitigate orgasmic difficulty.

Strength & Limitations
The study, well powered and drawing from a multinational population, is 1 of the few to analyze specific types of sexual activity and stimulation during partnered sex. Major limitations were the younger age and self-selection of the sample.

Conclusion
Type and conventionality of sexual activities during partnered sex affect orgasmic pleasure and difficulty.