bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous blood metabolomics: An efficient method to determine the key metabolic pathway for milk synthesis in the intra-mammary gland
Authors: Wang Bing , Sun Huizeng , Wu Xuehui , Jiang Linshu , Guan Le Luo , Liu Jianxin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to identify metabolic signature changes of the arteriovenous metabolome and the new metabolites that involved in mammary biological process during milk synthesis. GC/MS-based metabolomics profiling of arteriovenous plasma from 30 lactating dairy cows fed three diets identified a total of 144 metabolites. Phenylalanine and tyrosine, involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism, were shown higher expression in the artery than in the vein based on both GC/MS and targeted analysis for cows fed both alfalfa hay diet and rice straw diet. Mammary uptake or clearance of citric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, fructose, β-mannosylglycerate, 4-hydroxybutyrate, and D-talose were significantly correlated with milk performance or feed intake, indicating that these metabolites might be newly identified precursors or indicators of milk synthesis. This comprehensive assessment of metabolic changes in the arteriovenous metabolome will provide a fundamental understanding of the key metabolites involved in milk synthesis and shows implications of how metabolites from arteriovenous plasma across MG are involved in biological processes or physiological functions for milk synthesis. The newly identified metabolites from the present study provide potential new targeted insights into the study of physiological process for milk synthesis in the MG.
NRF2 regulates the glutamine transporter Slc38a3 (SNAT3) in kidney in response to metabolic acidosis
Authors: Lister Adam , Bourgeois Soline , Imenez Silva Pedro H. , Rubio-Aliaga Isabel , Marbet Philippe , Walsh Joanne , Shelton Luke M. , Keller Bettina , Verrey Francois , Devuyst Olivier , Giesbertz Pieter , Daniel Hannelore , Goldring Christopher E. , Copple Ian M. , Wagner Carsten A. , Odermatt Alex 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExpression of the glutamine transporter SNAT3 increases in kidney during metabolic acidosis, suggesting a role during ammoniagenesis. Microarray analysis of Nrf2 knock-out (KO) mouse kidney identified Snat3 as the most significantly down-regulated transcript compared to wild-type (WT). We hypothesized that in the absence of NRF2 the kidney would be unable to induce SNAT3 under conditions of metabolic acidosis and therefore reduce the availability of glutamine for ammoniagenesis. Metabolic acidosis was induced for 7 days in WT and Nrf2 KO mice. Nrf2 KO mice failed to induce Snat3 mRNA and protein expression during metabolic acidosis. However, there were no differences in blood pH, bicarbonate, pCO2, chloride and calcium or urinary pH, ammonium and phosphate levels. Normal induction of ammoniagenic enzymes was observed whereas several amino acid transporters showed differential regulation. Moreover, Nrf2 KO mice during acidosis showed increased expression of renal markers of oxidative stress and injury and NRF2 activity was increased during metabolic acidosis in WT kidney. We conclude that NRF2 is required to adapt the levels of SNAT3 in response to metabolic acidosis. In the absence of NRF2 and SNAT3, the kidney does not have any major acid handling defect; however, increased oxidative stress and renal injury may occur.
Combined maternal and postnatal high-fat diet leads to metabolic syndrome and is effectively reversed by resveratrol: a multiple-organ study
Authors: Sheen Jiunn-Ming , Yu Hong-Ren , Tain You-Lin , Tsai Wan-Long , Tiao Mao-Meng , Lin I-Chun , Tsai Ching-Chou , Lin Yu-Ju , Huang Li-Tung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to study the impact of a combination of maternal and post-weaning high-fat diets and whether resveratrol was beneficial. Sprague-Dawley dams were fed either chow or a high-fat diet, before mating, during pregnancy, and into lactation. At weaning, their offspring were randomly fed chow or a high-fat diet. Four experimental groups were generated: CC (maternal/postnatal chow diet), HC (maternal high-fat/postnatal chow diet), CH (maternal chow/postnatal high-fat diet), and HH (maternal/postnatal high-fat diet). A fifth group consisted of HH plus resveratrol. The 4 month-old offspring of HH group had higher body weight, higher levels of plasma triglycerides, leptin, angiotensin I and angiotensin II and abnormal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test results, which fulfilled the features of metabolic syndrome. The dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system was seen in multiple organs. Sirtuin 1 expression/abundance was reduced by a maternal/postnatal high-fat diet, in all the organs examined. Resveratrol ameliorated most of the features of metabolic syndrome and molecular alterations. The administration of a high-fat diet in both periods showed interactive metabolic effects in the plasma and many organs. Our results suggest that a maternal high-fat diet sensitizes offspring to the adverse effects of subsequent high-fat intake on multiple organs.
Opportunistic migration and habitat use of the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata (Teleostei: Elopomorpha)
Authors: Arai Takaomi , Chino Naoko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFreshwater eels have fascinated biologists for centuries due to the spectacular long-distance migrations between their freshwater habitats and their spawning areas far out in the ocean. Although freshwater eels originated in the Indonesian region, remarkably little is known about the life history of tropical freshwater eels. The diverse migratory patterns and habitat choice between marine and freshwater environments by the giant mottled eel Anguilla marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 were examined by analysing the otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations collected in Asian waters. The wide range of otolith Sr:Ca ratios indicated that the habitat use of A. marmorata was opportunistic among fresh, brackish, and marine waters. The present study first confirmed the occurrence of marine-resident eels that have never migrated into a freshwater habitat in A. marmorata. A. marmorata may have the same behavioural plasticity as temperate and other tropical anguillid species regarding whether to enter freshwater or to remain in estuarine and marine environments. Freshwater eels migrate flexibly among freshwater, brackish water, and seawater environments and it is now evident that their movement into freshwater is not an obligate migratory pathway but should be defined as an opportunistic catadromy, with marine and estuarine residents as ecophenotypes.
Toxigenic effects of two benthic diatoms upon grazing activity of the sea urchin: morphological, metabolomic and de novo transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Ruocco Nadia , Costantini Susan , Zupo Valerio , Lauritano Chiara , Caramiello Davide , Ianora Adrianna , Budillon Alfredo , Romano Giovanna , Nuzzo Genoveffa , D’Ippolito Giuliana , Fontana Angelo , Costantini Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiatoms are unicellular algae playing a key role as photosynthetic organisms in the world’s ocean food webs. The chemical ecology of planktonic diatoms is well documented, but few studies have reported on the effects of benthic diatoms on their consumers, also due to difficulties in the collection, quantification and massive culturing of benthic species. Here for the first time we investigate the effects of feeding on two abundantly occurring benthic diatoms, Nanofrustulum shiloi and Cylindrotheca closterium, isolated from the leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Adult P. lividus were fed for one month on diets of either one of the two diatoms and on the green alga Ulva rigida, used as a feeding control. By combining morphological, metabolomic and de novo transcriptomic approaches, we demonstrate toxigenic effect on embryos generated by females fed with these benthic diatoms. Furthermore, chemical analysis reveal the presence of polyunsaturated aldehydes only for N. shiloi, and a high production of other oxylipins (cytotoxic compounds on their grazers and on cancer cell lines) for both diatoms, including some additional peaks not correlated to the canonic oxylipins commonly observed in planktonic diatoms. These findings open new perspectives in the study of diatom secondary metabolites influencing their grazers.
Flat-Field Super-Resolution Localization Microscopy with a Low-Cost Refractive Beam-Shaping Element
Authors: Rowlands Christopher J. , Ströhl Florian , Ramirez Pedro P. Vallejo , Scherer Katharina M. , Kaminski Clemens F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSuper-resolution single-molecule localization microscopy, often referred to as PALM/STORM, works by ensuring that fewer than one fluorophore in a diffraction-limited volume is emitting at any one time, allowing the observer to infer that the emitter is located at the center of the point-spread function. This requires careful control over the incident light intensity in order to control the rate at which fluorophores are switched on; if too many fluorophores are activated, their point-spread functions overlap, which impedes efficient localization. If too few are activated, the imaging time is impractically long. There is therefore considerable recent interest in constructing so-called ‘top-hat’ illumination profiles that provide a uniform illumination over the whole field of view. We present the use of a single commercially-available low-cost refractive beamshaping element that can be retrofitted to almost any existing microscope; the illumination profile created by this element demonstrates a marked improvement in the power efficiency of dSTORM microscopy, as well as a significant reduction in the propensity for reconstruction artifacts, compared to conventional Gaussian illumination.
Novel Approach for Enhanced Scandium and Titanium Leaching Efficiency from Bauxite Residue with Suppressed Silica Gel Formation
Authors: Alkan Gözde , Yagmurlu Bengi , Cakmakoglu Seckin , Hertel Tobias , Kaya Şerif , Gronen Lars , Stopic Srecko , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe need of light weight alloys for future transportation industry puts Sc and Ti under a sudden demand. While these metals can bring unique and desired properties to alloys, lack of reliable sources brought forth a supply problem which can be solved by valorization of the secondary resources. Bauxite residue (red mud), with considerable Ti and Sc content, is a promising resource for secure supply of these metals. Due to drawbacks of the direct leaching route from bauxite residue, such as silica gel formation and low selectivity towards these valuable metals, a novel leaching process based on oxidative leaching conditions, aiming more efficient and selective leaching but also considering environmental aspects via lower acid consumption, was investigated in this study. Combination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was utilized as the leaching solution, where various acid concentrations, solid-to-liquid ratios, leaching temperatures and times were examined in a comparative manner. Leaching with 2.5 M H2O2: 2.5 M H2SO4 mixture at 90 °C for 30 min was observed to be the best leaching conditions with suppressed silica gel formation and the highest reported leaching efficiency with high S/L ratio for Sc and Ti; 68% and 91%; respectively.
Solar chromospheric emission and magnetic structures from plages to intranetwork: Contribution of the very quiet Sun
Authors: Meunier N. 
Published: March 2018

Context. We need to establish a correspondence between the magnetic structures generated by models and usual stellar activity indexes to simulate radial velocity time series for stars less active than the Sun. This is necessary to compare the outputs of such models with observed radial velocity jitters and is critical to better understand the impact of stellar activity on exoplanet detectability.
Aims. We propose a coherent picture to describe the relationship between magnetic activity, including the so-called quiet Sun regions, and the chromospheric emission using the Sun as a test-bench and a reference.
Methods. We analyzed a long time series of Michelson Doppler imaging (MDI) magnetograms jointly with chromospheric emission time series obtained at Sacramento Peak and Kitt Peak observatories. This has allowed us to study the variability in the quiet Sun over the solar cycle, and then, based on available relations between magnetic fields in active structures and chromospheric emission, to propose an empirical reconstruction of the solar chromospheric emission based on all contributions.
Results. We show that the magnetic flux covering the solar surface, including in the quieted regions, varies in phase with the solar cycle, suggesting a long-term relationship between the global dynamo and the contribution of all components of solar activity. We have been able to propose a reconstruction of the solar S-index, including a relationship between the weak field component and its chomospheric emission, which is in good agreement with the literature. This allows us to explain that stars with a low average chromospheric emission level exhibit a low variability.
Conclusions. We conclude that weak flux regions significantly contribute to the chromospheric emission; these regions should be critical in explaining the lower variability associated with the lower average activity level in other stars as compared to the Sun and estimated from their chromospheric emission.
Reignited star formation in dwarf galaxies that were quenched during reionization
Authors: Ledinauskas E. , Zubovas K. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Irregular dwarf galaxies of the Local Group have very varied properties and star formation histories. Some of them formed the majority of their stars very late compared to others. Extreme examples of this are Leo A and Aquarius, which reached the peak of star formation at z < 1 (more than 6 Gyr after the Big Bang). This fact seemingly challenges the ΛCDM cosmological framework because the dark matter halos of these galaxies on average should assemble the majority of their masses before z ~ 2 (<3 Gyr after the Big Bang).
Aims. We investigate whether the delayed star formation histories of some irregular dwarf galaxies might be explained purely by the stochasticity of their mass assembly histories coupled with the effect of cosmic reionization.
Methods. We developed a semi-analytic model to follow the accretion of baryonic matter, star formation, and stellar feedback in dark matter halos with present-day virial masses 109 M⊙ < Mdm,0 < 1011 M⊙ and with different stochastic growth histories obtained using the PINOCCHIO code based on Lagrangian perturbation theory.
Results. We obtain the distributions of observable parameters and the evolution histories for these galaxies. Accretion of baryonic matter is strongly suppressed after the epoch of reionization in some models, but the galaxies continue to accrete dark matter and eventually reach enough mass for accretion of baryonic matter to begin again. These “reborn” model galaxies show delayed star formation histories that are very similar to those of Leo A and Aquarius.
Conclusions. We find that the stochasticity caused by mass assembly histories is enhanced in systems with virial masses ~1010 M⊙ because of their sensitivity to the photoionizing intergalactic radiation field after the epoch of reionization. This results in qualitatively different star formation histories in late- and early-forming galaxies, and it might explain the peculiar star formation histories of irregular dwarf galaxies such as Leo A and Aquarius.
Rehabilitation nach stationärer COPD
Authors: Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Kenn Klaus , Böselt Tobias , Spielmanns Marc , Schneeberger Tessa , Gerlach Klaus , Sczepanski Bernd , Glöckl Rainer 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEine pneumologische Rehabilitationsmaßnahme kann bei COPD-Patienten, insbesondere nach Exazerbationen, die Zahl der Rehospitalisierungen reduzieren und sogar die
Mortalität verringern. Diese Effekte stehen jedoch in einem direkten Zusammenhang mit der Qualität der Rehabilitation, was diese komplex macht. Neben der
Erfassung des medizinischen Status, der Leistungsfähigkeit sowie relevanter Komorbiditäten ist eine spezifische Diagnostik und zielgerichtete Therapie
notwendig. Das schließt neben der medikamentösen Therapie, inklusive Training der Inhalationstechniken, unter Umständen auch endoskopische Therapien (z. B.
Bronchialtoilette) ein. Auch die nicht-invasive Beatmung erhält eine wachsende Bedeutung im rehabilitativen Setting. Dies setzt neben der notwendigen fachlichen
Expertise die Erfahrung und den Mut voraus, diese Patienten auch konkret in die Reha-Trainingsprogramme einzuschließen, die mit NIV durchgeführt werden können –
wie Fahrradergometer-Therapien oder Laufbandtraining – mit dem Ziel, die Patienten einem höheren Trainingsstimulus zuzuführen, welcher die weitere Prognose des
COPD-Patienten beeinflusst. Ein wichtiger Punkt in der Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion ist die Festlegung realistischer Patientenziele, um letztendlich zu einer
dauerhaft aktiveren gesundheitsorientierteren Lebensweise zu gelangen.
Lungentransplantation bei COPD
Authors: Kneidinger Nikolaus , Neurohr Claus 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Lungentransplantation stellt bei Patienten mit COPD im Endstadium eine valide Therapieoption dar. Da allerdings ein Überlebensvorteil durch die
Transplantation nicht sicher belegt ist, hat die Kandidatenauswahl einen hohen Stellenwert. Exazerbationen sind mit hoher Mortalität assoziiert und sollten hier
maßgeblich berücksichtigt werden. Die Nikotinkarenz und Compliance insgesamt stellen wichtige Voraussetzungen für eine aktive Listung dar und müssen regelmäßig
überprüft werden. Gegebenenfalls sollte vor einer Transplantation psychotherapeutische Hilfestellungen angeboten werden. Die Einführung des Lung Allocation
Score (LAS) vor 6 Jahren hat zu einer Reduktion der Sterblichkeit auf der Warteliste geführt. Patienten mit COPD wurden nach Einführung des LAS seltener
transplantiert als Patienten mit restriktiven Lungenerkrankungen, die COPD zählt jedoch weiter zu den häufigen Indikationen für eine Transplantation. Als
Verfahren stehen die Doppel- und die Einzellungentransplantation zur Verfügung. Eine Überlegenheit der Doppellungentransplantation ist nicht belegt, die Auswahl
des idealen Verfahrens sollte daher abhängig vom lokalen Spenderaufkommen und Empfänger-spezifischen Faktoren erfolgen. Durch engmaschige Nachsorge, sowie
interdisziplinäre Betreuung der Patienten nach Transplantation ist weiter mit einer Verbesserung der Langzeitergebnisse zu rechnen.
Homeopathy in the Context of a World in Crisis
Authors: Wichmann Jörg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHealing patients who have to live in a destructive environment demands of us as homeopaths to also participate in the healing of the whole system. Setting homeopathic work into a global context we can see that with our large experience of working with crises, we can well contribute to a solution of the global problems. For many reasons, homeopathy can serve as a model of a sustainable healing art. Seeing ourselves as part of a global community of workers for change will also help us to be perceived in a different way.
A Cat with an Itch
Authors: Ellinger Liesbeth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLiesbeth Ellinger is a veterinarian working together with three physicians in Centaurea. This homeopathic centre for humans and animals is situated in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. Liesbeth is an experienced teacher in veterinary homeopathy and is also active in research into the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment and prophylaxis for animals. In this article, she shares animal cases.
Symptomatische Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Mylius V. , Teepker M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen werden in idiopathische bzw. symptomatische Formen unterschieden; die International Headache Society (IHS) hat hierfür Kriterien definiert. Die idiopathischen Erkrankungen werden dabei phänomenologisch unterschieden, die symptomatischen anhand ihrer Ätiologie. Diese Differenzierung ist sinnvoll, da bei symptomatischen Kopfschmerzen mitunter eine kausale Therapie möglich ist.Aufgrund von Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich ihrer Klinik, Pathophysiologie und Therapie sind die Grenzen zwischen diesen Kopfschmerzgruppen aber nicht immer eindeutig. In einigen Fällen wurde eine Neubewertung hinsichtlich einer idiopathischen bzw. symptomatischen Genese notwendig.
Kopfschmerz bei Liquorüberdruck
Authors: Hoffmann J. , Förderreuther S. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension beruht auf einer intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung unklarer Ätiologie. Das daraus resultierende klinische Bild ist in erster Linie durch einen weitgehend unspezifischen Kopfschmerz und progrediente, potenziell irreversible Sehstörungen charakterisiert wobei nicht selten auch Hirnnervenlähmungen, Riechstörungen und kognitive Defizite beobachtet werden. Die Ursache der intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung ist nicht eindeutig geklärt. Das Vorliegen einer venösen Abflussstörung, die aufgrund des häufig bestehenden Übergewichts oder auch aufgrund eines vaskulären Hindernisses in Form einer bilateralen Stenose des Sinus transversus auftreten kann, erscheint am nahe liegendsten. Auch hormonelle Faktoren könnten von wesentlicher Bedeutung sein und erklären warum überwiegend Frauen von der Erkrankung betroffen sind. Die Behandlung besteht in erster Linie aus einer Gewichtsreduktion und der oralen Gabe von Carboanhydrasehemmern, wobei lediglich für Acetazolamid Daten aus einer placebo-kontrollierten Studie vorliegen. Invasive Behandlungsverfahren sollten nur in therapierefraktären oder besonders fulminanten Fällen mit drohendem Verlust des Sehvermögens erwogen werden.
Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerzen bei Schlaganfall
Authors: Kraya T. , Marziniak M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen und der Schlaganfall sind häufige Phänomene. Beim Schlaganfall stehen oft andere Symptome im Vordergrund. Allerdings kann der Kopfschmerz auch Hauptsymptom wie z. B. bei der Subarachnoidalblutung sein. Im Folgenden zeigen wir einen Überblick über den Komplex Kopfschmerzen und Schlaganfall. Wir präsentieren Daten einer Studie der DMKG sowie eine Übersicht über andere Erkrankungen die mit Schlaganfall und Kopfschmerz einhergehen können. Abschließend werden Daten zur Migräne und Schlaganfallrisiko präsentiert.
Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren
Authors: Evers S. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungKopfschmerzen sind für viele Patienten Anlass, an einen Hirntumor zu denken. Dabei sind Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren als Erstsymptom selten. Im Lauf einer Hirntumorerkrankung leider aber doch bis zu ca. 80% aller Patienten an Kopfschmerzen. Am häufigsten treten Kopfschmerzen bei Tumoren in der Sellaregion und bei Infiltration schmerzsensibler Strukturen wie Meningen und bestimmte Hirnnerven auf. Hirntumore, insbesondere Hypophysenadenome, können auch idiopathische Kopfschmerzen imitieren. Dagegen sind idiopathische Kopfschmerzen kein Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Hirntumoren. Die Behandlung der Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren ist unspezifisch und schließt auch Opioide und Steroide mit ein.