bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic global maps of crop-specific areas from 1961 to 2014
Authors: Jackson Nicole D , Konar Megan , Debaere Peter , Estes Lyndon 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Agriculture has substantial socioeconomic and environmental impacts that vary between crops. However, information on how the spatial distribution of specific crops has changed over time across the globe is relatively sparse. We introduce the Probabilistic Cropland Allocation Model (PCAM), a novel algorithm to estimate where specific crops have likely been grown over time. Specifically, PCAM downscales annual and national-scale data on the crop-specific area harvested of 17 major crops to a global 0.5-degree grid from 1961 to 2014. To do this, pixels are assigned into probability clusters based upon crop-specific pixel suitability (based on mean climate and soil characteristics) and gridded historical agricultural areas. PCAM maps compare relatively well with an existing gridded dataset of crop-specific areas circa 2000 (simple matching coefficient value >0.8 for all crops). PCAM estimates compare less well with time series county-level agricultural census data for the United States. Importantly, deviations between census data and PCAM benchmark estimates (driven by soil and climate suitability) can be used to infer the importance of other factors of agricultural production (e.g. labor, agricultural policy, extreme climate) in future work. Our results provide new insights into the likely changes in the spatial distribution of major crops over the past half-century.
Disproportionately higher exposure to urban heat in lower-income neighborhoods: a multi-city perspective
Authors: Chakraborty T , Hsu A , Manya D , Sheriff G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A growing literature documents the effects of heat stress on premature mortality and other adverse health outcomes. Urban heat islands (UHI) can exacerbate these adverse impacts in cities by amplifying heat exposure during the day and inhibiting the body’s ability to recover at night. Since the UHI intensity varies not only across, but also within cities, intra-city variation may lead to differential impact of urban heat stress on different demographic groups. To examine these differential impacts, we combine satellite observations with census data to evaluate the relationship between distributions of both UHI and income at the neighborhood scale for 25 cities around the world. We find that in most (72%) cases, poorer neighborhoods experience elevated heat exposure, an incidental consequence of the intra-city distribution of income in cities. This finding suggests that policymakers should consider designing city-specific UHI reduction strategies to mitigate its impacts on the most socioeconomically vulnerable populations who may be less equipped to adapt to environmental stressors. Since the strongest contributor of intra-urban UHI variability among the physical characteristics considered in this study is a neighborhood’s vegetation density, increasing green space in lower income neighborhoods is one strategy urban policymakers can adopt to ameliorate some of UHI’s inequitable burden on economically disadvantaged residents.
Responses of soil respiration to experimental warming in an alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Guanqin , Li Fei , Peng Yunfeng , Yu Jianchun , Zhang Dianye , Yang Guibiao , Fang Kai , Wang Jun , Mohammat Anwar , Zhou Guoying , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
High-latitude and high-altitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C) and play a vital role in the global C cycle. Soil respiration (R
S) in these ecosystems is believed to be extremely sensitive to climate warming and could potentially trigger positive C-climate feedback. However, this evidence is largely derived from wet ecosystems, with limited observations from dry ecosystems. Here, we explored the responses of R
S, autotrophic (R
A), and heterotrophic (R
H) respiration under experimental warming in a dry ecosystem, an alpine steppe on the Tibetan Plateau. We assessed the effects of soil temperature and moisture dynamics on R
S, R
A, and R
H and performed a meta-analysis to examine whether the warming effects observed were similar to those reported in wet ecosystems, including Tibetan alpine meadow and arctic ecosystem. Experimental warming did not alter R
S, R
A, and R
H in this alpine steppe, likely because decreased soil moisture constrained positive warming effects. In contrast, the meta-analysis revealed that R
S exhibited a significant increase under experimental warming in both the Tibetan alpine meadow and arctic wet tundra. These results demonstrate that R
S exhibits different responses to climate warming between dry and wet ecosystems, suggesting potential more complex C-climate feedback in cold regions.
Mathematical model of enzymatic reactions of coconut coir substrate treated by alkaline and ionic liquid into the reducing sugars using power series
Authors: Sangian H F , Widjaja A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe research purposed at formulating the kinetics model of reducing sugars liberated from coconut coir dust treated with alkaline, ionic liquid, alkaline followed by ionic liquid employing a power series. The method was successful to predict the sugar concentration released from the substrate in a biocatalytic reaction employing cellulose, and a mixture of cellulase+xylanase at any time. The yield of sugar released enzymatically was modeled as an equation in power series in which the results were comparable to those of the experimental data. The biggest constant rate obtained was of 0.0200000 h−1for an application of a mixture of enzymes on the conversion of NaOH-treated substrate into the reducing sugars. Generally, the trend of the modelled graph was close to the experiment but the error was quietly wide in the initial times since the conversion rate was very high. The lines were an agreement when the time was above 8h for all pre-treatments (native-, 1%NaOH-, IL-, and 1%NaOH+IL substrates). It was indicative the power series can be used to solve a differential equation generated from a rate equation.
Measuring the tourist destination images based on service quality using fuzzy inference system
Authors: Wullur M , Sutapa I N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the measurement of tourist destination images perceived by travelers based on five dimensions of the service quality, i.e. tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and assurance. Measurement problems occur when a traveller assesses the quality of a tourism destination service subjectively with vague boundaries and perceives the image of a tourism destination to vary. To address these issues, we designed an inference model using Mamdani’s fuzzy inference system. The results of this study are quantitative assessments of the image of tourism destinations by various travellers based on qualitative perceptions of the quality of service experienced by the traveller.
Discrete optimal capital investment and financing policies in fishery resource harvesting with reserve area
Authors: Alatas M N , Bakhtiar T , Hanum F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This research discusses a problem in renewable resource (fish) harvesting on single-owner fishery where the dynamics of growth are expressed by system of difference equations. The model involves three state variables (stock of equity, resource stock in reserve zone and unreserved zone) and two control variables (effort rate and dividend payout rate). Discrete Pontryagin maximum principle was applied to obtain optimality conditions which must be satisfied by the variables. Further, the forward-backward sweep method was used to determine the numerical solution of optimal control model. Three scenarios of interest rate applied to find out the response of company in managing harvesting effort and dividend payout rate were investigated.
A hyperchaotic hyperjerk system with four nonlinearities, its dynamical analysis and circuit realization
Authors: Mujiarto  , Vaidyanathan S , Zhang S , Sambas A , Sukono  , Praiwi A S , Subiyanto  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A new four-dimensional hyperchaotic hyperjerk system with four nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. The dynamical properties of the new hyperjerk system are described in terms of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, Kaplan-Yorke dimension, dissipativity, etc. Also, a detailed dynamical analysis of the new hyperjerk system has been carried out with bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. As an engineering application, an electronic circuit realization of the new hyperchaotic hyperjerk system is designed via MultiSIM to confirm the feasibility of the theoretical hyperchaotic hyperjerk model.
Properties of anti-adjacency matrix of directed cyclic sun graph
Authors: Prayitno M I A , Utama S , Aminah S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper we focus on the properties of anti-adjacency matrix of directed cyclic sun graph. Some of these properties are related to the characteristic polynomials and the eigenvalues of the anti-adjacency of its matrix. We will show the general form of characteristic polynomial of the anti-adjacency matrix of directed cyclic sun graph by figuring out the number of the directed induced-cyclic graphs and the directed induced-acyclic graphs. After we find out the general form of the characteristic polynomial, we can find the general form of the eigenvalues of its polynomial by using factorization and Horner methods.
Blending fishwastes and chicken manure extract as low-cost and stable diet for mass culture of freshwater zooplankton, optimized for aquaculture
Authors: Ogello E O , Wullur S , Hagiwara A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the feasibility of fishwastes and chicken manure extract (CME) as cheap diet for mass culture of freshwater zooplankton. CME and fishwastes as well as carbon source were used to make fishwaste diets (FWD). Each diet was triplicated 3 days before inoculation with 5, 2 and 0.4 ind ml−1of rotifers, copepods and cladocerans, respectively in each tank. About 5ml of water was done daily, from which the zooplankters were counted. Harvesting was done at the first exponential growth phase by replacing 50% of the water and FWD. There was a significantly higher density of zooplankton and SGR in FWDBthan FWDAand control tanks. The zooplankton obtained highest densities on day 7 as follows: rotifers: 100.6±14.8, 146.3±7.0, and 60.0±7.9 ind ml−1in FWDA, FWDBand the control tanks, respectively; the copepods: 8.0±11.1, 12.6±13.6 and 4.3±2.1 ind ml−1in FWDA, FWDBand control tanks, respectively; the cladocerans: 3.3±6.0, 8.6±8.7 and 3.6±2.5 ind ml−1in FWDA, FWDBand control tanks, respectively. The most abundant genera wereBrachionussp.,Cyclopssp. andDaphniasp. for the rotifers, copepods and cladocerans, respectively. This study offers an alternative to expensive on-site microalgal production toward a more cost-effective aquaculture.
Study on existence of the fisheries resources abundance by using environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (e-DNA) approach at fishing grounds in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia
Authors: A Masengi Kawilarang W , Mandagi I F , Manu L , Silooy F , Labaro I L , Masengi A W R , Sebua N , Masengi E I K G , Pinontoan Benny , Hutabarat Y , Hukom F , Iwata M , Abe Y , Sato Y , Kimura R , Yamahira K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Here, we report the results of our preliminary study on deep sea eDNA at fishing ground to approach the fisheries resources abundance at Sulawesi sea by using deep-sea water sampling collected from 10 sites ranging from 110m-200m in depth at front side of the International Coelacanth Research Center and Museum Base at Lolak Waters and Manado Bay North of Sulawesi using Nansen Bottle Sampler (1500 cc). The collected waters were filtered using Power Water Sterivex DNA Isolation Kits and preserved with the DNAiso Reagent then transported to Center for Strategy Research Project, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa Japan where eDNA analyses were conducted. Our results revealed that the concentrations of eDNA has a good quality were measured with a NanoDrop Lite spectrophotometer, indicating eDNA was successfully extracted. Therefore, by using universal primers for eDNA, MiFish-U-F/R for the 1st-PCR (mt-12S amplification) and 2nd-PCR (tag-indexing) for library preparation to accommodate sequence variations and show that intense signal of MiFish eDNA amplification. Using a high-throughput Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing analyses, we detected eDNA from 40 fish’s species with dominantly by Caranx sexfasciatus, Encrasicholina punctifer.
Container terminal landside operation analysis and discrete event simulation in container terminal in port: a case study of Terminal 3 Ocean-going PT Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok
Authors: Nasution A R , Arviansyah  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study discusses the landside operation and presents the application of Truck Appointment System (TAS) and lane segmentation strategy through discrete event simulation in Terminal 3 Ocean-going PT Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. This study aims to analyze the operation planning system in Terminal 3 Ocean-going and identify problems that exist on terminal 3. This study also seeks to examine the landside operation process and offer alternative scenarios to solve the congestion problem in the terminal. Alternative scenarios provided are a combination of Truck Appointment System (TAS) and lane segmentation strategy. Truck Appointment Strategy (TAS) with 100% utilization is proved to reduce average total time in the system by 76% and reduce average total time in peak days by 88%, from 151.5 minutes to 38.4 minutes per truck. Truck Appointment System (TAS) is also proved to reduce queue length by 97%, from 162 trucks to 5 trucks.
Analysis of supply chain management in ABC poultry using system dynamics approach
Authors: Jufiardi J W , Pinagara F A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study discusses supply chain management to produce broilers in ABC Poultry using System Dynamics approach. Small poultry farm in Indonesia must make a decision to sustain itself in the midst of needs to increase its capacity and facing issue with dependency to day-old chick producers. The purpose of this study is to analyse the supply chain management to increase profitability of the poultry in between two options of decision, buying the day-old chicks from third-party supplier or doing vertical integration to produce its own day-old chicks. This study found that doing vertical integration is the best option for the poultry because it can increase the profitability of the poultry and reduce the sensitivity of day-old chick price to the poultry.
Grain size distribution, morphology, and elemental composition of iron sand from North Sulawesi
Authors: Tamuntuan G H , Tanauma A , Pasau G , Sangian H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The coast of North Sulawesi has very potential natural resources. Coastal sand with relatively high iron content or commonly known as iron sand was detected in several locations. Iron sand is a source of economical minerals, namely iron (Fe), which is easier to treat compared to sources in stone form. However, scientific studies on iron sand minerals, especially those in the coastal areas of North Sulawesi, are still poor. Therefore, a study is needed to find out how the mineralogy, morphology and characteristics of iron sand particles in North Sulawesi. The results show that distribution of sand deposit range fine to coarse in size. However, fine-sized grains were dominant in samples from Lalow, Lolan, as well as Hais regions, whereas medium-sized grains were dominant in sample from Minanga. It probably indicates that Minanga area is relatively close to rock as a source of sand formation than other sampling location. In general, SEM observations show grains with relatively rounded in their morphology as well as have a smooth surface which is indicating a long range transport of these grains. EDX results show that the major elements in representative sand grains are Fe, Ti, and O, while the minor elements are Si, Al, Mg, Na, Co, Cl, and Ca. Fe content range from 45.18 to 61.48 wt%, whereas Ti content range from 4.35 wt% to 7.1 wt%.
Anatomical characteristics of stomata, mesophyll and petiole of six varieties sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) after organic fertilizer induction
Authors: Rampe H L , Umboh S D , Siahaan R , Maabuat P V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of six sweet potato varieties (Ipomoea batatas L.) after induction of organic fertilizer. Research used Completely Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. Five sweet potato varieties (J) were used i,e: Antin 3 (J1), Jago (J2), Cilembu (J3), Shi Royutaka (J4), Local Purple (J5) and Local White (J6). Petroganic Organic Fertilizers were applied 20 tons/ha, three weeks before sweet potato cuttings were planted. Observation of anatomical characteristics include: stomata density, length and width opened stomatal pores, mesophyll thickness, diameter of the petiole cortex. All characteristics were observed 60 days after planting (HST) using a microscope with a camera Optilab 2.2 and image capture with the Image Raster 3.0 program. Anatomical characters of sweet potatoes showed stomata density J1, J2, J3, J4, J5 and J6 respectively 8.56; 6.11; 5.11; 6.33; 8.56 and 9.11 in 75796.36 μm. The length of opened stomata pores were 26.99 μm, 32.08 μm, 28.96 μm, 38.72 μm, 39.52 μm and 35.86 μm. The width of opened stomata pores were 7.95 μm, 5.11 μm, 4.67 μm, 5.04 μm, 9.28 μm and 6.98 μm. The mesophyll thickness were 364,986 μm, 280,703 μm, 389,743 μm, 245,749 μm, 261,439 μm and 434,913 μm. The diameter of the petiole cortex were 454,030 μm, 373,453 μm, 456,439 μm, 373,001 μm, 275,647 μm and 318,785 μm. Five sweet potato varieties differ in anatomical characters.
Host plant and intensity pest attack Paracoccus marginatus on papaya plant in North Minahasa Regency
Authors: Mamahit J M E , Manueke J , Montong V B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to find out distribution and the host range of mealybug Paracoccus marginatus and their attack intensity in the field, especially in the centers of papaya cultivation in the North Minahasa region, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study uses a survey method conducted in four villages, namely: Matungkas, Laikit, Dimembe and Tetei. Sampling was done by purposive sampling. Sampling was carried out in three fields per village that had different cropping systems on the farms cultivated by farmers. Each location was sampled and observations were made on papaya plants to see whether papaya mealybug were attacked or not attacked. Samples of mealybug and host plants from the field were brought to the laboratory for identification. The results showed the attack intensity of mealybug ranged from 13.67% to 60%o. Symptoms of mealybug attack on papaya plantations was variated from the symptoms of low intensity to high intensity. The results of this research found host plants of P. marginatus consisted of seven species of plants, besides papaya namely: Annnona muricana, Persea gratissima, Codiaeum spp, Aglonema spp, Anthurium spp, Hibiscus spp. and Jatropha spp.
About waste disposal problem in Russian Federation
Authors: Abdullin T M , Sabirzyanov R G , Gilmanshin I R , Kashapov N F , Gilmanshina S I , Galeeva A I , Gadirova E M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article discusses the problems of waste disposal methods that do not cope with the task of environmentally friendly disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). The comparison of destruction and thermal destruction methods (plasma gasification in particular) are given.
Additive technology for filter membranes
Authors: Akhmadiev G M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Separation methods using membranes are used in many industries, in particular, in the field of environmental protection for the production of drinking water and the treatment of industrial liquid waste, in the chemical industry, petrochemistry, pharmaceuticals, food industry and in the field of biotechnology. In the framework of this research, new methods for membranes manufacturing are proposed, which in comparison with the known technical solutions from the point of view of reliability and performance, make it possible to obtain more results and also provide greater variability in the choice of substrate shapes and channels inside the substrate. The most effective technology is a method of manufacturing a membrane for tangential filtration of a fluid, and this membrane contains: a substrate having a three-dimensional structure and formed by a monolithic ceramic porous body in which paths are made to circulate the fluid being filtered, and at least one separating filter layer deposited on the wall of the circulation paths.
Efficiency increase of gas turbine work in the summer period
Authors: Balzamov D S , Balzamova E Yu , Ibatullin S R , Sabitov L S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The operation of thermal power plants on the basis of steam-gas and gas-turbine installations in the summer period of the year is accompanied by a drop in the generation of electric energy, which leads to a decrease in the profitability of the station as a whole. The article discusses one of the options for improving the efficiency of gas turbines through the use of absorption chillers.
Studying the Effects of Mechanical Loads and Environmental Conditions on the Drive-Axle Performance
Authors: Barykin A Yu , Mukhametdinov M M , Takhaviyev R Kh , Samigullin A D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper discusses the problem of achieving the required output parameters of a truck drive under various operating conditions. The authors enumerate the final-drive and differential mechanical efficiency, the pre-load torque in the final-drive bearing assembly, the friction coefficient, and the differential locking factor as the most significant technical parameters of the drive axle and its components. The main factors that affect these parameters during operation are: (i) mechanical loads that transmission is exposed to when transmitting the torque from the engine to the drive wheels; (ii) the effects of external thermal and dynamic loads when driving on an uneven surface or in cold / hot climates. The paper describes the main dependences between the final-drive processes and the inter-wheel differential processes; it also demonstrates how the aforementioned factors affect the output parameters of the component. The assumptions hereof are based on the results of bench and field truck tests, including adverse-climate tests. We herein propose a method for estimating the drive-axle load, which is based on the weighted values of the aforementioned factors. We prove it feasible to use auto-adjusted heating of the drive-axle components. The degree of thermal exposure shall be determined with due account of environmental conditions, surface conditions, engine and transmission parameters. The control algorithm is supposed to automatically take into account any change in one or more factors. This approach to controlling the output parameters helps improve the efficiency and the longevity of the drive axle and truck as a whole.
Estimation of the state of a technical system with substantially non-linear characteristics
Authors: Demyanov D N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article considers the problem of estimating the state of the technical system described by nonlinear differential equations. An approach is proposed to design reduced-order asymptotic observers for systems where dynamic equations contain products of state variables. The solvability conditions for the synthesis problem in the form of linear matrix equations are determined. The possibility of reducing the original problem to the classical modal control problem is shown. Two modifications of the algorithm for calculating the coefficients of the state observer, which ensures that the estimation error is asymptotically zero, are proposed.