bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and risk of bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cheng Liang , Hu Yun , Li Yun‐Yun , Cao Xin , Bai Ning , Lu Ting‐Ting , Li Guo‐Qing , Li Na , Wang An‐Ning , Mao Xiao‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the association between glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) and the risk of bone fracture in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to 28 February 2018 and identified eligible randomized controlled trials. The following data were extracted from each study: first author, year of publication, sample size, patient characteristics, study design, intervention drug, control drug, follow‐up time, and incident bone fracture events. A meta‐analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for dichotomous variables.ResultsA total of 38 studies with 39 795 patients with T2DM were included. There were 241 incident bone fracture cases (107 in the GLP‐1 RAs group and 134 in the control group). Compared with patients who received placebo and other anti‐diabetic drugs, those who received GLP‐1 RAs treatment showed a pooled OR of 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56‐0.91) for bone fracture. Subgroup analysis showed that treatments with liraglutide and lixisenatide were associated with significantly reduced risk of bone fractures (ORs, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.81 and 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31‐0.97, respectively). However, other GLP‐1 RAs did not show superiority to placebo or other anti‐diabetic drugs. Moreover, these beneficial effects were dependent on the duration of GLP‐1 RAs treatment, only a GLP‐1 RAs treatment period of more than 52 weeks could significantly lower the risk of bone fracture in patients with T2DM (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.56‐0.91).ConclusionsCompared with placebo and other anti‐diabetic drugs, liraglutide and lixisenatide were associated with a significant reduction in the risk of bone fractures, and the beneficial effects were dependent on the duration of treatment.
Kindness begins with yourself: The role of self‐compassion in adolescent body satisfaction and eating pathology
Authors: Pullmer Rachelle , Coelho Jennifer S. , Zaitsoff Shannon L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveA wealth of evidence indicates that self‐compassion is linked with positive psychological outcomes; however, little is known about the process through which self‐compassion exerts its effect. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the direct and indirect impact of self‐compassion on body satisfaction and eating pathology in adolescents.MethodTwo hundred and thirty‐eight students were recruited from three local high schools (Mage = 16.49, 43.7% boys). All participants completed the Self‐Compassion Scale (SCS), Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL‐5), Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire ‐ Adolescent Version (EDE‐Q) at baseline. The SCL‐5, BASS, and EDE‐Q were completed 4 months later.ResultsSelf‐compassion was positively associated with body satisfaction and negatively associated with psychological distress and eating pathology in boys and girls at both time points. Longitudinal conditional process analyses revealed that self‐compassion predicted changes in body satisfaction and eating pathology through changes in psychological distress for girls only. Notably, self‐compassion was higher in boys than in girls.DiscussionResults underscore how self‐compassion may be an important factor to target in fostering a positive body image and preventing disordered eating in adolescents.
Temporal intraspecific trait variability drives responses of functional diversity to interannual aridity variation in grasslands
Authors: Chen Huiying , Huang Yongmei , He Kejian , Qi Yu , Li Engui , Jiang Zhiyun , Sheng Zhilu , Li Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterannual climate variation alters functional diversity through intraspecific trait variability and species turnover. We examined these diversity elements in three types of grasslands in northern China, including two temperate steppes and an alpine meadow. We evaluated the differences in community‐weighted means (CWM) of plant traits and functional dispersion (FDis) between 2 years with contrasting aridity in the growing season. Four traits were measured: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), and the maximum plant height (H). CWM for SLA of the alpine meadow increased in the dry year while that of the temperate steppe in Qinghai showed opposing trends. CWM of LDMC in two temperate steppes became higher and CWM of LNC in all grasslands became lower in the dry year. Compared with the wet year, FDis of LDMC in the alpine meadow and FDis of LNC in the temperate steppe in Qinghai decreased in the dry year. FDis of H was higher in the dry year for two temperate steppes. Only in the temperate steppe in Qinghai did the multi‐FDis of all traits experience a significant increase in the dry year. Most of the changes in CWM and FDis between 2 years were explained by intraspecific trait variation rather than shifts in species composition. This study highlights that temporal intraspecific trait variation contributes to functional responses to environmental changes. Our results also suggest it would be necessary to consider habitat types when modeling ecosystem responses to climate changes, as different grasslands showed different response patterns.
Ecological mechanisms can modify radiation effects in a key forest mammal of Chernobyl
Authors: Mappes Tapio , Boratyński Zbyszek , Kivisaari Kati , Lavrinienko Anton , Milinevsky Gennadi , Mousseau Timothy A. , Møller Anders P. , Tukalenko Eugene , Watts Phillip C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNuclear accidents underpin the need to quantify the ecological mechanisms which determine injury to ecosystems from chronic low‐dose radiation. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ecological mechanisms interact with ionizing radiation to affect natural populations in unexpected ways. We used large‐scale replicated experiments and food manipulations in wild populations of the rodent, Myodes glareolus, inhabiting the region near the site of the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. We show linear decreases in breeding success with increasing ambient radiation levels with no evidence of any threshold below which effects are not seen. Food supplementation of experimental populations resulted in increased abundances but only in locations where radioactive contamination was low (i.e., below ≈ 1 μSv/h). In areas with higher contamination, food supplementation showed no detectable effects. These findings suggest that chronic low‐dose‐rate irradiation can decrease the stability of populations of key forest species, and these effects could potentially scale to broader community changes with concomitant consequences for the ecosystem functioning of forests impacted by nuclear accidents.
Cognitive functional therapy in patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain—a randomized controlled trial 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Vibe Fersum Kjartan , Smith Anne , Kvåle Alice , Skouen Jan Sture , O'Sullivan Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis randomized controlled trial investigated the efficacy of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) compared with manual therapy and exercise (MT‐EX) for people with non‐specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) at 3‐year follow‐up.MethodsHundred and twenty‐one patients were randomized to CFT (n = 62) or MT‐EX (n = 59). Three‐year data were available for 30 (48.4%) participants in the CFT group, and 33 (55.9%) participants in the MT‐EX group. The primary outcomes were disability (Oswestry disability Index [ODI]) and pain intensity (numerical rating scale) and secondary outcomes were anxiety/depression (Hopkins Symptoms Checklist) and pain‐related fear (Fear‐Avoidance Belief Questionnaire). A full intention to treat analysis was conducted using linear mixed models.ResultsSignificantly greater reductions in disability were observed for the CFT group, with ODI scores at 3 years 6.6 points lower in the CFT than the MT‐EX group (95%CI:‐10.1 to −3.1, p < 0.001, standardized effect size = 0.70). There was no significant difference in pain intensity between the groups at 3 years (0.6 points 95%CI:‐1.4–0.3, p = 0.195). Significantly greater reductions were also observed for the CFT group for Hopkins Symptoms Checklist and Fear‐Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (Work).ConclusionsCFT is more effective at reducing disability, depression/anxiety and pain‐related fear, but not pain, at 3‐year follow‐up than MT‐EX.SignificanceCognitive functional therapy (CFT) was more effective than manual therapy and exercise (MT‐EX) in reducing disability at 3‐year follow‐up, in people with non‐specific chronic low back pain. The sustained reduction in disability without concomitant reductions in pain intensity in the CFT group suggests a de‐coupling of the pain—disability relationship.CFT resulted in long‐lasting reductions in anxiety and depression, and pain‐related fear regarding work compared to MT‐EX. The findings support the long‐term benefits of a individualized behaviourally orientated intervention that targets pain beliefs, functional restoration and lifestyle factors.
Shaking table tests on a masonry building monitored using smart bricks: Damage detection and localization
Authors: Meoni Andrea , D'Alessandro Antonella , Cavalagli Nicola , Gioffré Massimiliano , Ubertini Filippo 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe seismic behavior of unreinforced masonry buildings is typically characterized by premature brittle collapse mechanisms that can cause serious consequences for the protection of human lives and for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage. Structural health monitoring can be a powerful tool enabling a quick post‐earthquake assessment of the structure's performance, but its applications are still scarce as a consequence of the severe limitations affecting off‐the‐shelf sensing technologies, in terms of local nature of the measurements, costs, as well as long‐term behavior, installation, and maintenance. To overcome some of these limitations, the authors have recently proposed a new sensing technology, called “smart brick,” that is a durable clay brick doped with stainless steel microfibers, working as a smart strain sensor for masonry buildings. This paper presents the first full‐scale application of smart bricks, used for detecting and localizing progressive earthquake‐induced damage in an unreinforced masonry building subjected to shaking table tests. Smart bricks are employed to detect changes in load paths on masonry walls, comparing strain measurements acquired after each step of the seismic sequence with those referring to the undamaged structure. Experimental results are interpreted using a 3D finite element model built to reproduce the shaking table tests. Overall, the results demonstrate that the smart bricks can effectively reveal local permanent changes in structural conditions following a progressive damage, therefore being apt for earthquake‐induced damage detection and localization.
Out‐of‐plane shaking table tests of full‐scale historic adobe corner walls retrofitted with timber elements
Authors: Reyes Juan C. , Galvis Francisco A. , Yamin Luis E. , Gonzalez Cristian , Sandoval Juan D. , Heresi Pablo 
Published: April 2019

SummaryHistoric adobe structures pose a high seismic risk mainly because of the poor out‐of‐plane bending response of their walls that may produce fatalities and significant economic, cultural, and heritage losses. In this paper, we propose a retrofitting technique that increases the wall strength for both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions. This technique consists of vertical and horizontal timber elements symmetrically installed on each face of the wall to form a confining wood frame, supplemented with vertical tensors that pre‐compress the wall. This study evaluates the performance of this retrofitting technique with a two‐set experimental program on full‐scale historic adobe walls. On the first set, four specimens were subjected to a static overturning test with boundary conditions representing the confinement effect at both ends by orthogonal walls. On the second set, three full‐scale specimens, one unretrofitted and two retrofitted, were subjected to four ground motion records on a shaking table to assess the out‐of‐plane dynamic behavior of typical corner walls. The unretrofitted specimen collapsed during the second motion (peak ground acceleration [PGA] = 0.39 g), while both retrofitted walls survived all four motions (maximum PGA of 0.75 g) proving the high effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting. The addition of base anchors as a variation of the retrofitting technique significantly reduced the rocking effects and the residual drifts of the system, thus improving its overall seismic performance. Further research is needed to develop guidelines for seismic retrofit of heritage buildings including multistory full‐scale tests of specimens with various types of openings and retrofitting strategies that minimize their architectural impact.
China's provincial energy‐related carbon emissions‐economy nexus: A two‐stage framework based on decoupling analysis and panel vector autoregression
Authors: Pan Wu‐Lin , Pan Wei , Liu Shan , Tsai Sang‐Bing , Hu Cheng , Tu Haiting 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChina is transforming the growth model and speeding up industrial structural improvement and upgrading now and in the coming years, which means the slowdown of economic growth and more serious environmental costs in economic and social development would be the “New Normal.” As the world's largest energy consumer and carbon‐emitting country, China's emissions reduction commitments are crucial to global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, so there is a profusion of research focused on China's economy‐environment nexus. Among which, the dynamic relationship of carbon emission and economic growth and its evolution combined the national, regional, provincial data have not been discussed thoroughly. This paper analyses the elasticity of economic performance of carbon emissions based on 30 Chinese provincial data from 2000 to 2016; furthermore, a panel vector autoregressive model is constructed to discuss the interactions of variables within environmental economic system. It is concluded that China is experiencing a turning point from weak decoupling to strong decoupling in recent years, and its economic performance of carbon emissions has been gradually improved with larger disparities among provinces though. Regression result confirms the role of the energy mix on carbon emissions, and it also indicates that the impact of most factors influencing that have been discussed in previous studies may not be direct, prominent, and for long term.
Imprints of wave climate and mean sea level variations in the dynamics of a coastal spit over the last 250 years: Cap Ferret, SW France
Authors: Nahon Alphonse , Idier Déborah , Sénéchal Nadia , Féniès Hugues , Mallet Cyril , Mugica Julie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn coastal areas, sea level rise (SLR) and changing wave climates are expected to be the main oceanic drivers of shoreline adjustments. These drivers have been shown to vary on a wide spectrum of spatial and temporal scales. Nonetheless, a general rule about how this variability impacts global shorelines remains to be articulated. Here, we discuss the impacts of wave climate changes and SLR on the evolution of a barrier spit–inlet system over the last 250 years. The distal end of the Cap Ferret barrier spit, SW France, has undergone large‐scale oscillations that were well correlated with variations of the decadal average of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The local wave climate hindcast supports that increased alongshore wave energy fluxes associated with the positive phase of the NAO were responsible for the updrift retreat of the spit. By opposition, the spit has elongated downdrift when waves were less energetic and more shore normal, as during the negative phase of the NAO. In addition, lower rates of SLR appeared to be necessary for the spit to develop, as higher rates of SLR very likely forced the adjacent inlet to enlarge, at the expense of the spit. These results should help to predict and detect coastal adjustments driven by climate change and by climate variability. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integration of slicing, NFV, and SDN for mobility management in corporate environments
Authors: Meneses Flávio , Silva Rui , Santos David , Corujo Daniel , Aguiar Rui L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOnline access to information while on the move has conferred businesses with the capability to be constantly accessible and in operation, independently of geographical area or time zone. There are situations, however, that demand technical solutions for specific scenarios, such as controlled access to corporate‐based content. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) allow controlled remote access to content, supporting scenarios such as teleworking. Nonetheless, such mechanisms are not commonly associated with the highly mobile users of today, which can traverse different types of access networks, while still keeping access to content restricted to corporate network usage. In addition, as VPN mechanisms are disassociated from mobility procedures, service disruption can happen or specific mechanisms and clients can be required in end‐user's equipment. This paper proposes a framework that leverages Network Slicing, enabled by Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualisation, to provide seamless and isolated access to corporate‐based content while moving through heterogeneous networks. This solution allows Mobile Network Operators to dynamically instantiate isolated network slices for corporate users, and handover them between 3GPP and non‐3GPP networks while users move away from the corporate network. In this way, they are able to keep access to corporate‐based content in a transparent way, while maintaining access requirements for the service being used. The framework was implemented and validated over an experimental testbed composed by mobile and Wi‐Fi accesses, with results presenting improvements in terms of overhead signaling and data redirection without downtime nor stream reconnection.
Evaluating an Aboriginal tobacco social marketing project in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Poder Natasha , Khan Raquiba Jahan , Kovai Vilas , Robinson Laurel , Wright Darryl , Spinks Mark , Heathcote Jeremy , Millen Elizabeth , Welsh Kerry , Bedford Karen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionA partnership between three Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisations and a mainstream health service was formed to develop, implement and evaluate a comprehensive and culturally appropriate social marketing project which aimed to encourage smokers to quit smoking. The project also supported quit attempts and promoted denormalisation of smoking.MethodsThe project was evaluated through baseline (n = 427) and follow‐up (n = 611) surveys carried out face‐to‐face with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander participants 18 years and older recruited through convenience sampling at community events and venues during 2010‐2011 and 2015.ResultsThe proportion of participants who had made one or more quit attempts increased significantly between baseline and follow‐up surveys (54%, 101 out of 187; vs 64%, 189 out of 297; P < 0.05). Participants who had intended to quit within 6 months (AOR, 3.29; 95% CI 1.90‐5.68; P < 0.01); and participants disagreeing with the statement “I don't mind if people smoke inside my home” (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI 1.06‐2.84; P < 0.05) were significantly more likely to have made one or more quit attempts compared to the respective reference groups.ConclusionStudy findings demonstrate that the project was associated with increased quit attempts. Intention to quit and attitude were found to be the predictors of making a quit attempt.So what?Many studies suggest the need to denormalise smoking; this study demonstrated both change in attitudes and an increase in quit attempts. It is recognised that many quit attempts may be needed for long‐term smoking cessation.
Multivariate analyses of the global acceptability rates of male intimate partner violence (IPV) against women based on World Values Survey data
Authors: Tausch Arno 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMajor international organizations like UN Women and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate that nowadays, more than one‐third of all women in the world suffer male intimate partner violence (IPV) at some point in their lives and that eliminating the societal acceptancy of that violence is a major element in combatting it. While there is consensus that IPV has disastrous public health consequences, so far, little is known about the drivers of IPV acceptability rates. This article therefore analyzes available global opinion data from the World Values Survey (WVS) project in 72 countries of the world, representing some four‐fifths of the global population. Existing IPV data published prior to this study already suggested that the highest global incidence of IPV is to be found in sub‐Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Andean Latin America. Neoliberal political economy in the tradition of Hayek maintained for a long time that the disrespect of property rights and traditional family values can have disastrous social and economic effects. Our study renders support for this theory: On the basis of a variety of statistical analyses, including a factor analysis of 45 key items from the WVS data, we conclude that apart from attitudes on gender equality, the disrespect of property rights and traditional family values, analyzed by Hayek, emerge as the major drivers of high acceptability rates of IPV. Mali, Serbia, Montenegro, Zambia, Burkina Faso, India, the Philippines, Rwanda, Egypt, and Algeria are on top of this list of global rates of IPV acceptability.
Shy children's understanding of irony: Better comprehension does not always mean better socioemotional functioning
Authors: Mewhort‐Buist Tracy A. , Nilsen Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChildhood shyness is a risk factor for negative socioemotional outcomes including loneliness and depression. Childhood shyness has also been found to relate to various aspects of pragmatic language. For instance, shyer children rate ironic criticisms (i.e., where a speaker's intended meaning is the opposite of what is literally said) as meaner than do less shy children. This study examined whether relations between shyness and socioemotional functioning (i.e., loneliness, depression, and peer experiences) in children (9–12 years old; N = 169) were moderated by irony comprehension ability. Using a series of vignettes and self‐report measures, it was found that shyer children with better irony comprehension skill reported increased loneliness and depression symptoms, as well as fewer prosocial experiences with peers. Similarly, for girls, better comprehension strengthened the relationship between shyness and peer victimization. In contrast, for shy boys, better irony comprehension was associated with a reduction in peer victimization. Thus, for certain vulnerable populations, having better sociocommunicative skills may not be advantageous.Highlights

The present work examined whether relations between children's reported shyness and socioemotional functioning were moderated by irony comprehension.
Children viewed comic strips of characters interacting and completed measures of shyness, loneliness, depression, and peer victimization. Shy children with better irony comprehension reported increased loneliness and depression.
Having greater insight into communicative intentions for others may allow shy children to recognize social shortcomings. For certain vulnerable populations, having better sociocommunicative skills may not be advantageous.