bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The penetrating properties of the tumor homing peptide LyP‐1 in model lipid membranes
Authors: Ciobanasu Corina , Dragomir Isabela , Apetrei Aurelia 
Published: December 2018

Cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) have the property to cross the plasma membrane and enhance its permeability. CPPs were successfully used to deliver numerous cargoes such as drugs, proteins, nucleic acids, imaging and radiotherapeutic agents, gold and magnetic nanoparticles, or liposomes inside cells. Although CPPs were intensively investigated over the past 20 years, the exact molecular mechanisms of translocation across membranes are still controversial and vary from passive to active mechanisms.LyP‐1 is a cyclic 9‐amino‐acids homing peptide that specifically binds to p32 receptors overexpressed in tumor cells. tLyP‐1 peptide is the linear truncated form of LyP‐1 and recognizes neuropilin (NRP) receptors expressed in glioma tumor tissue.Here, we investigate the interaction of the cyclic LyP‐1 peptide and linear truncated tLyP‐1 peptide with model plasma membrane in order to understand their passive, energy‐independent mechanism of uptake. The experiments reveal that internalization of tLyP‐1 peptides depends on membrane lipid composition. Inclusion of negatively charged phosphatidylserine (PS) or cone‐shaped phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipids in the composition of giant unilamellar vesicles facilitates the membrane adsorption and direct penetration but without inducing pore formation in membranes. In contrast, cyclic LyP‐1 peptide mostly accumulates on the membrane, with very low internalization, regardless of the lipid composition. Thus, the linear tLyP‐1 peptide has enhanced penetrating properties compared with the cyclic LyP‐1 peptide. Development of a mutant peptide containing higher number of arginine amino acids and preserving the homing properties of tLyP‐1 may be a solution for new permeable peptides that facilitate the internalization in cells and further the endosomal escape as well.
Application of discrete‐time Bayesian network on reliability analysis of uncertain system with common cause failure
Authors: Song Yufei , Mi Jinhua , Cheng Yuhua , Bai Libing , Wang Xinyuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the increasing complexity of engineering systems, reliability analysis and evaluation of systems with traditional methods can't meet practical engineering requirements. Based on limited experimental conditions, lack of data, complex structure models, insufficient cognitive abilities, and many other issues, people have to consider many uncertain factors in system reliability research. Besides, common cause failure (CCF) has become an important factor of system failure. In this paper, a discrete‐time Bayesian network (DTBN) associated with an eight‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system is presented to discuss above problems. In this approach, the system is assumed as a two‐state system. After that, interval analysis theory is employed to deal with uncertainty. We consider the four sets of auxiliary propellers in the auxiliary power group as a 3/8 voting system, and β factor model is used to process CCF in the auxiliary power group. The proposed methods prove the validity of proposing interval analysis theory to solve uncertain problems and it is necessary to consider reducing or avoiding CCFs in system.
Preparation and characterization of 3‐[(1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐ylimino)methyl]naphtalene‐2‐ol film at the platinum surface for selective voltammetric determination of dopamine in the presence of uric acid and ascorbic acid
Authors: Tatli Feyza , Uzun Demet , Calam Tuğba Tabanlıgil , Gündüzalp Ayla Balaban , Hasdemir Erdoğan 
Published: December 2018

A [(1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐ylimino)methyl]naphthalene‐2‐ol (TMN‐2‐ol) film modified platinum (Pt) electrode has been fabricated by the electrochemical oxidation in acetonitrile solution. The modified surface was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared Pt electrode can be used as a functional interface to sensitive and selective determination of dopamine (DA) in the presence of uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) by square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of DA were 9.25 × 10−8 and 2.78 × 10−7 M, respectively. Linear range of DA was found to be between 3.95 × 10−7 and 4.19 × 10−6 M.
Sulfamic‐Acid‐Functionalized Fe3‐xTixO4 Nanoparticles as Novel Magnetic Catalyst for the Synthesis of Hexahydroquinolines under Solvent‐Free Condition
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Asadpoor Roshanak , Badalkhani Omolbanin , Jaymand Mehdi , Tavakoli Elham , Bazouleh Mona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSulfamic acid‐functionalized Fe3‐xTixO4 nanoparticles (Fe3‐xTixO4‐SO3H NPs) were fabricated as novel acidic magnetic nanocatalyst by the reaction of Fe3‐xTixO4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with 3‐chloropropyltrimethoxysilyl urea (TMSPU) followed by functionalization with chlorosulfonic acid. The structure of the synthesized nanocatalyst was studied using different methods including, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The potential catalytic ability of the synthesized MNPs was studied in one‐pot four‐component condensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes, dimedone, alkyl acetoacetates and ammonium acetate in order to synthesis of hexahydroquinoline derivatives. It was witnessed that the reactions proceeded smoothly under solvent‐free condition with high yields of corresponding hexahydroquinolines.
A One‐pot Facile Construction of 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazolyl 1,2‐Dihydropyridyl Derivatives and Evaluation of Bioactivity Profile
Authors: Rajkumar Kommera , Murthy Thampunuri Ramalinga , Zehra Amtul , Khursade Parag Sakharam , Kalivendi Shasi Vardhan , Tiwari Ashok Kumar , Prakasham Reddy Shetty , Raju Bhimapaka China 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA one‐pot, facile method has been established for the preparation of 1H‐1,2,3‐triazolyl 1,2‐dihydropyridyl derivatives 6 a‐y. The ring opening of the chromone and cyclo addition are the notable reactions to achieve the target compounds 6 a‐y. All the compounds were screened for their antiproliferative, free radical scavenging (DPPH, ABTS.+), α‐glucosidase inhibitory and anti‐inflammatory activities. The bioactivity profile revealed that the compounds 6 x‐y were shown potent antiproliferative activity against HeLa cell line, while compounds 6 e‐h and 6 w identified as potent ABTS+. and 6 n identified as potent DPPH free radical scavenger. Compounds 6 h‐i, 6 p‐r, 6 u and 6 w denoted promising anti‐inflammatory activity.
Triaminopyrimidine Based Porous Organic Polymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Applications in One‐pot Room Temperature Synthesis of Dihydropyranopyranes
Authors: Shunmughanathan Murugesan , Madankumar Natarajan , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNovel nitrogen‐rich triaminopyrimidine based porous organic polymer (TAP‐POP), was synthesized via a simple, cost‐effective and catalyst‐free Schiff base condensation between 2,4,6‐triaminopyrimidine and terephthalaldehyde in N, N‐dimethylformamide. The TAP‐POP was characterized by FT‐IR, Powder XRD, Solid‐state 13C and 15N CP‐TOSS NMR, TGA, BET, SEM and TEM analyses. This polymer containing lot of basic nitrogen sites, act as efficient heterogeneous base catalysts for the room temperature synthesis of dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes and dihydropyrano[4,3‐b]pyranes from aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and 4‐hydroxycoumarin/4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one via a one‐pot, three component reaction. This TAP‐POP was easily recovered by simple filtration and was reused upto five times with only a marginal loss in its catalytic efficiency.
Enhanced Interfacial Kinetics of Carbon Monolith Boosting Ultrafast Na‐Storage
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Yu , Xie Yihao , Tao Peng , Wang Zijing , Li Qingyi , Wang Kexin , Yan Chenglin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSlow ion kinetics of negative electrode materials is the main factor of limiting fast charge and discharge of batteries. Sluggish Na+ kinetics property leads to large electrode polarization, resulting in poor rate and cyclic performances. Herein, an electrode of ultrasmall tin nanoparticles decorated in N, S codoped carbon monolith (TCM) with exceptional high‐rate capability and ultrastable cycling behavior for Na‐storage is reported. The resulted TCM electrode exhibits an extremely high retention of 96% initial charge capacity after 500 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g−1. Significantly, when the current density is elevated to an ultrahigh rate of 5000 mA g−1, a high reversible capacity of 228 mAh g−1 after the 2000th cycle is still maintained. More importantly, the stable and fast Na‐storage of TCM is investigated and understood by experimental characterizations and kinetics calculations, including interfacial ion/electron transport behavior, ion diffusion, and quantitative pseudocapacitive analysis. These investigations elucidate that the TCM shows improved ion/electron conductivity and enhanced interfacial kinetics. An entirely new perspective to deep insights into the fast ion/electron transport mechanisms revealed by interfacial kinetics of sodiation/desodiation, which contributes to the profound understanding for developing fast charging/discharging and long‐term stable electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries, is provided.
Colloidally Stable Monolayer Nanosheets with Colorimetric Responses
Authors: Hu Bojian , Sun Shengtong , Wu Baohu , Wu Peiyi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite the discovery of chromogenic‐layered materials for decades of years, fabrication of colloidally stable monolayer organic 2D nanosheets in aqueous media with colorimetric responses is still challenging. Herein reported is the first solution synthesis of chromic monolayer nanosheets via the topochemical polymerization of self‐assembled amphiphilic diacetylenes in aqueous media. The polydiacetylene (PDA) nanosheets are ≈3–4 nm thick in solution and only ≈1.9 nm thick in the dried state, while the lateral size can reach several micrometers. Moreover, the aqueous stability endows PDA nanosheets with excellent processability, which can further assemble into films via vacuum filtration or act as an ink for high‐resolution inkjet printing. The filtrated films and printed patterns exhibit fully reversible blue‐to‐red thermochromism, and the film also displays an interesting reversible colorimetric transition in response to near‐infrared light, which is not reported for other PDA‐only systems. The present colloidal PDA nanosheets should represent a new kind of chromic organic 2D nanomaterials that may be applied as novel building blocks for developing intelligent hybrid materials and may also find diverse sensing, display and/or anticounterfeiting applications.
Operation Barbarossa and the Holocaust by Bullets—Top-Down Forces
Authors: Russell Nestar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter, Russell explores the top-down forces utilized by the SS leadership to encourage largely moderately antisemitic Germans to participate in the genocide of Soviet Jewry. More specifically, Russell delineates the SS leadership’s central role in driving the mass shooting extermination process. This chapter effectively outlines Himmler and Heydrich’s attempt to socially engineer the so-called Führer’s wish into reality. Russell also argues that the SS leadership’s rational goal to convert Hitler’s desires into reality shares some similarity with the initially uncertain Milgram as he invented his baseline procedure and then attempted to maximize his participants’ participation in harm doing.
Operation Barbarossa and the Holocaust by Bullets—Bottom-Up Forces
Authors: Russell Nestar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHaving examined the top-down forces the SS leadership exerted on the extermination campaign, in this chapter Russell explores the bottom-up forces generated by those in the killing field. This chapter demonstrates that when managers and their functionaries work within an organizational process, they typically move toward “improving” an initially rudimentary system, much like Milgram and his actors did during the Obedience studies. With time and experience some innovators add efficiencies and eliminate inefficiencies, a process which helps advance the organizational system in the desired direction of goal achievement. As this chapter shows, during the Nazi regime’s pursuit of the Holocaust by bullets, many of the innovations introduced aimed to make the act of killing for the German executioners both more efficient and sufficiently palatable.
The Nazi’s Pursuit for a “Humane” Method of Killing
Authors: Russell Nestar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhen Nazis of all ranks spoke of a “humane” method of killing other human beings, what exactly did they mean? One outcome of this book is a tentative outline of the key characteristics—a Weberian Ideal-Type—of what the Nazi’s regarded as the most humane method of killing. As Russell argues in this chapter, when Nazis spoke of such matters, what they seemed to desire was a method of killing that rated highly on four main conditions. First, victims should remain totally unaware that they are about to die. Second, perpetrators need not touch, see, or hear their victims as they die. Third, the death blow should avoid leaving any visual indications of harm on the victims’ bodies. And finally, the death blow should be instantaneous.
Genetic studies of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a waste of scientific time?
Authors: Howie Alexander J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMany genetic causes of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) have been described. A paradox is that the science in the molecular biology, which generally appears of high quality, is not mirrored by a similarly critical analysis of the renal pathology. FSGS has been applied to such a wide range of conditions that it can reasonably be said to have no useful meaning. Attempts to refine the term have been largely ignored. Study of 252 papers on genetic causes of FSGS found various clinical features. Many papers took the reported diagnosis without question. Few papers reported a pathological review, almost half reported FSGS and up to six other conditions caused by any particular gene, some reported FSGS with recognisable glomerular disorders, over 80% did not apply the Columbia classification, and in nearly all with photomicrographs, the images were not useful for refinement of FSGS. Some workers commented on a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation. One reason is a disregard of the principle that scientific investigation requires an unambiguous definition of the condition studied, to allow others to replicate or refute the findings. Genetic studies of FSGS should use a similarly rigorous approach to renal pathology to that used in molecular biology.
Atypical ductal hyperplasia and the risk of underestimation: tissue sampling method, multifocality, and associated calcification significantly influence the diagnostic upgrade rate based on subsequent surgical specimens
Authors: Rageth Christoph J. , Rubenov Ravit , Bronz Cristian , Dietrich Daniel , Tausch Christoph , Rodewald Ann-Katrin , Varga Zsuzsanna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background
Risk assessment and therapeutic options are challenges when counselling patients with an atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) to undergo either open surgery or follow-up only.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed a series of ADH lesions and assessed whether the morphological parameters of the biopsy materials indicated whether the patient should undergo surgery. A total of 207 breast biopsies [56 core needle biopsies (CNBs) and 151 vacuum-assisted biopsies (VABs)] histologically diagnosed as ADH were analyzed retrospectively, together with subsequently obtained surgical specimens. All histological slides were re-analyzed with regard to the presence/absence of ADH-associated calcification, other B3 lesions (lesion of uncertain malignant potential), extent of the lesion, and the presence of multifocality.

Results
The overall underestimation rate for the whole cohort was 39% (57% for CNB, 33% for VAB). In the univariate analysis, the method of biopsy (CNB vs VAB, p = 0.002) and presence of multifocality in VAB specimens (p = 0.0176) were significant risk factors for the underestimation of the disease (ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive cancer detected on subsequent open biopsy). In the multivariate logistic regression model, the absence of calcification (p = 0.0252) and the presence of multifocality (unifocal vs multifocal ADH, p = 0.0147) in VAB specimens were significant risk factors for underestimation.

Conclusions
Multifocal ADH without associated calcification diagnosed by CNB tends to have a higher upgrade rate. Because the upgrade rate was 16.5% even in the group with the lowest risk (VAB-diagnosed unifocal ADH with calcification), we could not identify a subgroup that would not require an open biopsy.
On Insults
Authors: DALY HELEN L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSome bemoan the incivility of our times, while others complain that people have grown too quick to take offense. There is widespread disagreement about what counts as an insult and when it is appropriate to feel insulted. Here I propose a definition and a preliminary taxonomy of insults. Namely, I define insults as expressions of a lack of due regard. And I categorize insults by whether they are intended or unintended, acts or omissions, and whether they cause offense or not. Unintended insults are of particular concern since greater understanding may help us to avoid them. And insults by omission warrant special consideration because they suggest an interesting extension of Grice's theory of conversational implicature.
‘He came to her bed pretending courtship’: sex, courtship and the making of marriage in Ulster, 1750–1844
Authors: Calvert Leanne 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe history of sex and sexuality is underdeveloped in Irish historical studies, particularly for the period before the late-nineteenth century. While much has been written on rates of illegitimacy in Ireland, and its regional diversity, little research has been conducted on how ordinary women and men viewed sex and sexuality. Moreover, we still know little about the roles that sex played in the rituals of courtship and marriage. Drawing on a sample of Presbyterian church records, this article offers some new insights into these areas. It argues that sexual intercourse and other forms of sexual activity formed part of the normal courtship rituals for many young Presbyterian couples in Ulster. Courting couples participated in non-penetrative sexual practices, such as petting, groping and bundling. Furthermore, while sexual intercourse did not have a place in the formal route to marriage, many couples engaged in it regardless.
Measurements of buoyancy flux in a stratified turbulent flow
Authors: Petrolo Diana , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: December 2018

We present new experimental data on the controls on the buoyancy flux in a stratified turbulent flow. The inner cylinder of an annulus of fluid with vertical axis is rotated to produce a turbulent flow field with Reynolds numbers of up to $10^{5}$, while a flux of saline fluid is supplied to the base of the tank, and an equal flux of fresh fluid is supplied to the top of the tank. In addition, fluid is vented from the base and the top of the tank with the same volume fluxes as the supply. The steady-state vertical flux of salt is explored. When the salt flux supplied to the base of the tank is very small, the tank becomes nearly well-mixed, and the vertical salt flux is approximately equal to one-half the source flux. As the source salt flux increases, a weak stable salinity gradient develops across the tank, and the vertical salt flux increases. As the source flux continues to increase, eventually the vertical salt flux reaches a maximum, and further increases in the source salt flux can lead to an increase in the vertical salinity gradient but not the vertical flux. We interpret the transition in the vertical buoyancy flux as representing a change from a source-limited regime, where the buoyancy flux and buoyancy frequency, $N$, are related, to a mixing-limited regime, in which the buoyancy flux is independent of $N$. In the mixing-limited regime, the effective eddy diffusivity is proportional to $u_{rms}^{3}/LN^{2}$ while in the source-limited regime, the eddy diffusivity is approximately proportional to $u_{rms}^{2}/N$, where $u_{rms}$ and $L$ are the characteristic turbulence speed and length scale. This transition may have implications for the balance between upwelling and diapycnal mixing in the ocean, if the intensity of the turbulence varies in space or the flux of deep water varies in time.
The influence of strain rate and presence of dispersed second phases on the deformation behaviour of polycrystalline D2O ice
Authors: WILSON CHRISTOPHER J.L. , HUNTER NICHOLAS J. R. , LUZIN VLADIMIR , PETERNELL MARK , PIAZOLO SANDRA 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis contribution discusses results obtained from 3-D neutron diffraction and 2-D fabric analyser in situ deformation experiments on laboratory-prepared polycrystalline deuterated ice and ice containing a second phase. The two-phase samples used in the experiments are composed of an ice matrix with (1) air bubbles, (2) rigid, rhombohedral-shaped calcite and (3) rheologically soft, platy graphite. Samples were tested at 10°C below the melting point of deuterated ice at ambient pressures, and two strain rates of 1 × 10−5 s−1 (fast) and 2.5 × 10−6 s−1 (medium). Nature and distribution of the second phase controlled the rheological behaviour of the ice by pinning grain boundary migration. Peak stresses increased with the presence of second-phase particles and during fast strain rate cycles. Ice-only samples exhibit well-developed crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) and dynamically recrystallized microstructures, typifying deformation via dislocation creep, where the CPO intensity is influenced in part by the strain rate. CPOs are accompanied by a concentration of [c]-axes in cones about the compression axis, coinciding with increasing activity of prismatic-<a> slip activity. Ice with second phases, deformed in a relatively slower strain rate regime, exhibit greater grain boundary migration and stronger CPO intensities than samples deformed at higher strain rates or strain rate cycles.