bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Burnout contagion’ among teachers: A social network approach
Authors: Meredith Chloé , Schaufeli Wilmar , Struyve Charlotte , Vandecandelaere Machteld , Gielen Sarah , Kyndt Eva 
Published: October 2019

Previous studies have found that burnout is to some extent contagious and have argued it is a socially induced phenomenon. However, until now, actual social interactions and the long‐term effect of this contagion have remained largely unexplored. This study aimed to expand earlier findings on burnout contagion through the application of a social network approach. This approach assumes that some relationships provide more information on the feelings and attitudes of others. This study therefore not only identified interaction partners, but also examined how characteristics (multiplexity, frequency, and embeddedness) of the relationship with those partners relate to burnout contagion. Using (temporal) network autocorrelation models, burnout contagion was empirically investigated in the context of secondary school teams. Cross‐sectional analyses were performed on data obtained from 931 teachers working in 14 schools. Long‐term effects of burnout contagion were assessed among 578 teachers working in 12 schools. The results showed that interpersonal interactions act as conduits for burnout contagion, especially when relations are strong in terms of frequency, embeddedness, and multiplexity. The results also showed that features of relationships play a differential role in the contagion of different components of burnout. Moreover, long‐term effects were found for emotional exhaustion. This study thus provided evidence for the importance of interpersonal relationships in burnout contagion.Practitioner points

Negative feelings are transmitted through personal interaction: As such, the importance of positive (social) experiences within the school team is stressed.

Co‐rumination should be avoided as it may impact negatively on employees’ well‐being in both the short term and the long term.

Given the contagious nature of burnout, interventions for preventing and reducing burnout should not be solely focused on increasing social support within the school team. External support might be necessary to disrupt a potential negative cycle within this team.
Cytokines secreted by arecoline activate fibroblasts that affect the balance of TH17 and Treg
Authors: Wang Liping , Gu Liqun , Tang Zhangui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundOral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive oral disease with cancerous tendency. Arecoline plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF. Fibroblasts (FBs) are the primary cells involved in the pathogenesis of OSF. There is a change in CD4+IL‐17+ helper T cells (Th17) and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in OSF patients, but the molecular mechanisms of are not clearly understood. In this work, we studied the molecular mechanisms.MethodsEnzyme digestion was used to extract primary FBs, and immunofluorescence was used to identify FBs. Cytotoxic experiment was then performed to determine the effect of arecoline on FB activity. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect changes in the amount of cytokines. In addition, we treated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with the above cytokines and detected their changes. Flow cytometry was used to detect the changes of Th17 and Treg, and quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) was used to detect the changes of RORγt and Foxp3.ResultsWe have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin‐2, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐21 (IL‐2, IL‐6, and IL‐21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine‐β (TGF‐β). After the cytokine‐containing supernatant was co‐cultured with PBMC, the cytometry results showed that Th17 was increased, while Treg was significantly decreased and Q‐PCR results showed that RORγt expression was increased and Foxp3 expression was decreased.ConclusionThe arecoline can affect inflammatory cytokines produced by FBs, which then act on immune cells Th17 and Treg, and make them change.
Retrieval of Glass Fiber Post Using Er:YAG Laser and Conventional Endodontic Ultrasonic Method: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Deeb Janina Golob , Grzech‐Leśniak Kinga , Weaver Colby , Matys Jacek , Bencharit Sompop 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo compare the times and temperatures used to remove a glass fiber post from an endodontically treated tooth using erbium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) compared to conventional endodontic ultrasonic method.Materials and MethodsThirty‐four single‐root human extracted teeth were endodontically treated ex vivo. The post space was prepared to 7 mm in depth and a 11.4 mm glass fiber post was cemented using composite resin cement. Specimens were kept in 100% humidity for 24 hours and then randomly assigned to Er:YAG laser or ultrasonic methods for post removal. The removal time was recorded. Specimens with a fractured post during the removal process were excluded. The temperature on the external surface of the root was measured at the coronal, middle, and apical third portions during the laser or ultrasonic applications from 1 to 10 minutes. Data were analyzed using one‐tailed t‐test and paired t‐test (ɑ = 0.01) for the post removal time and temperature difference, respectively. The specimen surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsFifteen specimens were tested in each group. Four specimens were fractured, 2 in the laser and 1 in ultrasonic group. One post was excluded because of laser tip damage. The average removal time were 98 ± 46.1 seconds for Er:YAG laser and 538 ± 215.6 seconds or ultrasonic groups with significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). The temperature (°C) ranges measured from 1 to 10 minutes were [24.2°, 27.3°] for laser and [33.0°, 38.0°] for ultrasonic in the cervical area, [22.1°,24.6°] for laser and [31.0°, 34.6°] for ultrasonic in the middle area, and [24.4°, 27.7°] for laser and [30.3°, 34.1°] for ultrasonic in the apical area. There were significant differences between temperatures for each treatment (p < 0.001). SEM examination showed no visible damage caused by treatment with Er:YAG laser.ConclusionsEr:YAG laser can remove posts up to 5 times faster than ultrasonic removal method. The laser causes lower temperature increase at the root surface compared to the ultrasonic removal. Er:YAG may be considered as a viable alternative to sonication for post removal.
Lived experiences of international operating room nurses in organ procurement surgery: A phenomenological study
Authors: Gao Weili , Plummer Virginia , McKenna Lisa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInternational operating room nurses come from different regions of the world with diverse social and cultural backgrounds, religions, personal beliefs, and education. They are likely to form unique attitudes toward multi‐organ procurement that potentially might affect their opinions and clinical practices. The aim of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of international operating room nurses participating in deceased organ procurement procedures in Australia. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 18 international operating room nurses. van Manen's phenomenological data analysis method was adopted to uncover and interpret meanings from these nurses' descriptions. Four essential themes emerged and evolved to signify the meanings of participants' experiences in organ procurement procedures: the surreality of death, personal and professional challenges, becoming stronger, and personal beliefs and wishes. The present study highlights the importance of cultural awareness in dealing with death, organ procurement, and interprofessional collaboration in the multi‐cultural perioperative context. It is essential to provide clinical education and support around culture and practice transition for international operating room nurses to increase and maintain their professional confidence, career satisfaction, health, and well‐being during organ procurement surgery.
Low phosphate represses histone deacetylase complex1 to regulate root system architecture remodeling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Jia Meng , Wang Zhan Qi , Wang Jia Yi , Li Peng Fei , Jin Jian Feng , Chen Wei Wei , Fan Wei , Kochian Leon V. , Zheng Shao Jian , Yang Jian Li 
Published: October 2019

Summary

The mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression in response to phosphate (Pi) deficiency have been extensively studied, but their chromatin‐level regulation remains poorly understood.

We examined the role of histone acetylation in response to Pi deficiency by using the histone deacetylase complex1 (hdc1) mutant. Genes involved in root system architecture (RSA) remodeling were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR.

We demonstrate that histone H3 acetylation increased under Pi deficiency, and the hdc1 mutant was hypersensitive to Pi deficiency, with primary root growth inhibition and increases in root hair number. Concomitantly, Pi deficiency repressed HDC1 protein abundances. Under Pi deficiency, hdc1 accumulated higher concentrations of Fe3+ in the root tips and had higher expression of genes involved in RSA remodeling, such as ALUMINUM‐ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1), LOW PHOSPHATE ROOT1 (LPR1), and LPR2 compared with wild‐type plants. Furthermore, Pi deficiency enriched the histone H3 acetylation of ALMT1 and LPR1. Finally, genetic evidence showed that LPR1/2 was epistatic to HDC1 in regulating RSA remodeling.

Our results suggest a chromatin‐level control of Pi starvation responses in which HDC1‐mediated histone H3 deacetylation represses the transcriptional activation of genes involved in RSA remodeling in Arabidopsis.
Streptococcal peptides that signal Enterococcus faecalis cells carrying the pheromone‐responsive conjugative plasmid pAM373
Authors: Vickerman M. Margaret , Mansfield Jillian M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPheromone‐mediated conjugative transfer of enterococcal plasmids can contribute to the dissemination of genes involved in antibiotic resistance, fitness, and virulence among co‐residents of mixed microbial communities. We have previously shown that intergeneric signaling by the Streptococcus gordonii strain Challis heptapeptide s.g.cAM373 (SVFILAA) induces an aggregation substance‐mediated mating response and facilitates plasmid transfer from Enterococcus faecalis cells carrying the pheromone‐responsive plasmid pAM373 to both pheromone‐producing and non‐pheromone‐producing oral streptococcal recipients. To further investigate the streptococcal pheromone‐like peptides, s.g.cAM373‐like sequences were identified in the signal sequences of streptococcal CamG lipoproteins and their abilities to induce a mating response in E. faecalis/pAM373 cells were examined. Synthetic heptamers with the consensus sequence (A/S)‐(I/V)‐F‐I‐L‐(A/V/T)‐(S/A) induced AS‐mediated clumping. The conserved pheromone ABC transporter encoded by S. gordonii genome loci SGO_RS02660 and SGO_RS02665 was identified and confirmed to be required for s.g.cAM373 activity. Functional assays of culture supernatants from representative oral and blood isolates of S. gordonii showed that in addition to strains encoding s.g.cAM373, strain SK120, encoding the newly identified pheromone s.g.cAM373‐V (SVFILVA), was able to induce enterococcal clumping, whereas strains SK6, SK8, SK9, and SK86 which encoded s.g.cAM373‐T (SVFILTA) did not elicit a detectable mating response. Absence of pheromone activity in supernatants of heterologous hosts encoding its CamG precursor suggested that s.g.cAM373‐T was not effectively processed and/or transported. Overall, these studies demonstrated the distribution of active pheromone peptides among strains of S. gordonii, and support a potential role for enterococcal–streptococcal communication in contributing to genetic plasticity in the oral metagenome.
Domains of Chronic Low Back Pain and Assessing Treatment Effectiveness: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Tagliaferri Scott D. , Miller Clint T. , Owen Patrick J. , Mitchell Ulrike H. , Brisby Helena , Fitzgibbon Bernadette , Masse‐Alarie Hugo , Van Oosterwijck Jessica , Belavy Daniel L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNonspecific chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a common clinical condition that has impacts at both the individual and societal level. Pain intensity is a primary outcome used in clinical practice to quantify the severity of CLBP and the efficacy of its treatment; however, pain is a subjective experience that is impacted by a multitude of factors. Moreover, differences in effect sizes for pain intensity are not observed between common conservative treatments, such as spinal manipulative therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, acupuncture, and exercise training. As pain science evolves, the biopsychosocial model is gaining interest in its application for CLBP management. The aim of this article is to discuss our current scientific understanding of pain and present why additional factors should be considered in conservative CLBP management. In addition to pain intensity, we recommend that clinicians should consider assessing the multidimensional nature of CLBP by including physical (disability, muscular strength and endurance, performance in activities of daily living, and body composition), psychological (kinesiophobia, fear‐avoidance, pain catastrophizing, pain self‐efficacy, depression, anxiety, and sleep quality), social (social functioning and work absenteeism), and health‐related quality‐of‐life measures, depending on what is deemed relevant for each individual. This review also provides practical recommendations to clinicians for the assessment of outcomes beyond pain intensity, including information on how large a change must be for it to be considered “real” in an individual patient. This information can guide treatment selection when working with an individual with CLBP.
A Leishmania donovani dominant‐negative mutant for eIF2α kinase LdeK1 elicits host‐protective immune response
Authors: Jha Mukesh Kumar , Rao Shilpa J. , Sarode Aditya Y. , Saha Bhaskar , Kar Anita , Pal Jayanta K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDominant‐negative mutation of LdeK1 gene, an eIF2α kinase from Leishmania donovani, revealed its role in translation regulation in response to nutrient starvation earlier. However, whether the kinase influences the infectivity of the parasites which naturally encounters nutrient deprivation during its life cycle was interesting to investigate. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments resulted in decrease of the parasite burden in peritoneal macrophages and in splenic/ hepatic load, respectively. An insight into the immune response of mice infected with mutant parasite showed enhanced pro‐inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide levels but reduced TH2 and Treg population. The significantly reduced loss of infectivity of the parasites lacking a functional LdeK1 by modulating the immune response towards host protection makes it a potential vaccine candidate against Leishmaniasis.
Product life‐cycle, knowledge capital, and comparative advantage
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Shao Yuchen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the effect of product life‐cycle on trade patterns. We measure the product life‐cycle length with patent citation data at the industry level. Using bilateral trade data from 2002 to 2006, we find that countries with more knowledge capital endowment export more in industries with shorter product life‐cycles. We show that this pattern is largely driven by the risk of imitation. The pattern is reversed when imitation is limited by stronger intellectual property rights.
Multi‐breather and high‐order rogue waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the elliptic function background
Authors: Feng Bao‐Feng , Ling Liming , Takahashi Daisuke A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe construct the multi‐breather solutions of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) on the background of elliptic functions by the Darboux transformation, and express them in terms of the determinant of theta functions. The dynamics of the breathers in the presence of various kinds of backgrounds such as dn, cn, and nontrivial phase‐modulating elliptic solutions are presented, and their behaviors dependent on the effect of backgrounds are elucidated. We also determine the asymptotic behaviors for the multibreather solutions with different velocities in the limit , where the solution in the neighborhood of each breather tends to the simple one‐breather solution. Furthermore, we exactly solve the linearized NLSE using the squared eigenfunction and determine the unstable spectra for elliptic function background. By using them, the Akhmediev breathers arising from these modulational instabilities are plotted and their dynamics are revealed. Finally, we provide the rogue wave and higher order rogue wave solutions by taking the special limit of the breather solutions at branch points and the generalized Darboux transformation. The resulting dynamics of the rogue waves involves rich phenomena, depending on the choice of the background and possessing different velocities relative to the background. We also provide an example of the multi‐ and higher order rogue wave solution.
How to Foster Male Engagement in Traditionally Female Communal Roles and Occupations: Insights from Research on Gender Norms and Precarious Manhood
Authors: Meeussen Loes , Van Laar Colette , Van Grootel Sanne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile women are increasingly entering traditionally masculine, agentic occupations and roles, there has been less of a shift in the opposite direction: men moving into traditionally feminine, communal occupations and roles. This paper outlines the negative consequences of men's low communal engagement, and how this inhibits various benefits for men themselves, for the women and children around them, and for society as a whole. We review how sociopsychological processes driven by gender norms and precarious manhood keep men from engaging in communal roles and behaviors. Moreover, we outline how insights into these contextual barriers to men's communal engagement may also be used to facilitate change such that men are freed to pursue both agentic and communal roles. We discuss (the effectiveness of) different interventions at the societal, organizational, social, and relational level that may enable men to pursue communal interests.
Cultural Lock‐in and Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of Dairy/Beef Farmers in Norway
Authors: Burton Rob J.F. , Farstad Maja 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMeeting targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture will require the implementation of effective mitigation measures. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently recognised that to succeed we need to understand more about the conditions within which mitigation measures are applied, and for this, they note, we need insights from social science disciplines including sociology. We addressed this knowledge gap by using the concept of path‐dependency and lock‐in to explore barriers to change in dairy/beef systems in Norway. A qualitative survey of 29 farms found that changing parenting, recreational and spousal role expectations are driving farmers towards intensification (and thus higher emissions) in order to purchase milking robots, which, in turn, provide increased time for the expected role changes. Structural change is thus predominantly directed towards farm continuity which is making it increasingly difficult to meet mitigation targets in the future. The study illustrates how mitigation measures might be made more effective by understanding and addressing the broader cultural/structural environment within which farmers and their families operate.
Coseismic Coulomb stress changes imparted by the 1996 Minahasa Mw7.9 earthquake on the 2018 Palu Mw7.5 earthquake and expected seismicity rate changes
Authors: Lei Dongning , Wu Jianchao , Yang Gang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Mw7.5 Palu earthquake that occurred on September 28, 2018, in Indonesia caused much damage to the city of Palu. Preliminary investigations indicated that the Palu‐Koro Fault (PKF) hosted this damaging event. We calculated the seismicity before and after the 1996 Minahasa Mw7.9 earthquake and found that the seismicity on the PKF was enhanced after this earthquake. The earlier earthquake added Coulomb stress changes (∆CFS) to the seismogenic fault plane. We calculated the ∆CFS produced by the Palu earthquake on a specified received nodal plane; the results suggest that many aftershocks occurred in the region of increased ∆CFS. This region was consistent with the region of increased seismicity. The ∆CFS on neighbouring faults increased, and up to 55.282 bar of stress was observed on the PKF. Furthermore, we calculated the expected seismicity rate and found that it will require ~50 years to recover to its original level.
Hepatitis C‐positive donor liver transplantation for hepatitis C seronegative recipients
Authors: Ting Peng‐sheng , Hamilton James Peter , Gurakar Ahmet , Urrunaga Nathalie H. , Ma Michelle , Glorioso Jaime , King Elizabeth , Toman Lindsey P. , Wesson Russell , Garonzik‐Wang Jacqueline , Ottmann Shane , Philosophe Benjamin , Sulkowski Mark , Cameron Andrew M. , Durand Christine M. , Chen Po‐Hung 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe opioid crisis has led to an increase in hepatitis C virus‐positive donors in the past decade. Whereas historically hepatitis C seropositive organs were routinely discarded, the advent of direct‐acting antiviral agents has notably expanded the utilization of organs from donors with hepatitis C. There has been growing experience with liver transplantation (LT) from hepatitis C seropositive donors to hepatitis C seropositive recipients. However, data remain limited on LT from hepatitis C seropositive or hepatitis C ribonucleic acid positive donors to hepatitis C seronegative recipients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 26 hepatitis C seronegative recipients who received hepatitis C seropositive donor livers followed by preemptive antiviral therapy with direct‐acting antiviral treatment at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Comprehensive Transplant Center from January 1, 2017, to August 31, 2019.ResultsTwenty‐five of the 26 recipients are alive with proper graft function; 20 of them received livers from hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive donors. All 12 recipients who completed their direct‐acting antiviral courses and have reached sufficient follow‐up for sustained virologic response have achieved sustained virologic response. Nine of our recipients have either completed direct‐acting antiviral treatment without sufficient follow‐up time for sustained virologic response or are undergoing direct‐acting antiviral treatment. One patient is awaiting antiviral treatment initiation pending insurance approval. Of note, 11 of 12 patients with sustained virologic response received a hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive donor liver.ConclusionHepatitis C seronegative patients who receive a hepatitis C seropositive or hepatitis C nucleic acid testing positive liver allograft can enjoy good short‐term outcomes with hepatitis C cure following direct‐acting antiviral treatment.