bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding the merits of contrast to the ease of mammography; can we highlight what’s behind breast asymmetries?
Authors: Kamal Rasha Mohamed , Moustafa Amr Farouk Ibrahim , Fakhry Sherihan , Kamal Eman Faker , Radwan Amira , Hilal Amany , Hassan Maher 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Breast symmetry is one of the major things that radiologists assess when looking at mammograms and is one of the most challenging mammographic findings to evaluate. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is an emerging mammography technique that has shown comparable sensitivity and specificity to MRI. The purpose of this study is to assess the value of CESM in characterization of breast asymmetries (BAs) and if it should be incorporated in its diagnostic work-up.

Results
Three hundred sixty-five patients with mean age of 47 years were included in the study. CESM was performed aiming for characterization of 380 suspicious or indeterminate breast asymmetries. Assessment of subtracted high-energy images (HEI) markedly improves the overall accuracy reaching 88.4%. Further improvement of the overall accuracy was achieved on combined assessment of the low-energy images (LEI), subtracted high-energy images (HEI), and ultrasound reaching 91.3%.

Conclusion
CESM is considered as a valuable complementary imaging tool considering the evaluation of breast asymmetries and should be incorporated in its diagnostic work-up in cases not resolved on an initial combined mammography and targeted ultrasound study especially in the presence of a heterogeneous dense breast parenchyma. Yet, this may be hindered in the presence of inflammatory signs because of the overlapping imaging criteria.
Changing prevalence and treatment of depression among older people over two decades
Authors: Arthur Antony , Savva George M. , Barnes Linda E. , Borjian-Boroojeny Ayda , Dening Tom , Jagger Carol , Matthews Fiona E. , Robinson Louise , Brayne Carol ,   the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Collaboration
Published: October 2019

BackgroundDepression is a leading cause of disability, with older people particularly susceptible to poor outcomes.AimsTo investigate whether the prevalence of depression and antidepressant use have changed across two decades in older people.MethodThe Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies (CFAS I and CFAS II) are two English population-based cohort studies of older people aged ≥65 years, with baseline measurements for each cohort conducted two decades apart (between 1990 and 1993 and between 2008 and 2011). Depression was assessed by the Geriatric Mental State examination and diagnosed with the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer-Assisted Taxonomy algorithm.ResultsIn CFAS I, 7635 people aged ≥65 years were interviewed, of whom 1457 were diagnostically assessed. In CFAS II, 7762 people were interviewed and diagnostically assessed. Age-standardised depression prevalence in CFAS II was 6.8% (95% CI 6.3–7.5%), representing a non-significant decline from CFAS I (risk ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.64–1.07, P = 0.14). At the time of CFAS II, 10.7% of the population (95% CI 10.0–11.5%) were taking antidepressant medication, more than twice that of CFAS I (risk ratio 2.79, 95% CI 1.96–3.97, P < 0.0001). Among care home residents, depression prevalence was unchanged, but the use of antidepressants increased from 7.4% (95% CI 3.8–13.8%) to 29.2% (95% CI 22.6–36.7%).ConclusionsA substantial increase in the proportion of the population reporting taking antidepressant medication is seen across two decades for people aged ≥65 years. However there was no evidence for a change in age-specific prevalence of depression.
Sanctuary Everywhere
Authors: Buff Rachel Ida 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis essay considers the historical roots of contemporary sanctuary practices. It traces these roots in the protocols adopted by the 1951 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Convention, tracing the contradictory implementation of these protocols in US policy and practice. It argues that the UNHCR Convention created a distinction between refugees and migrants that met challenges from sanctuary activists responding to the depredations of the US-backed “dirty wars” in Central America during the 1980s. The sanctuary movement contested this distinction, as did the subsequent evolution of immigration and refugee policy. In the current period, the erosion of this distinction by ascendant xenophobia also creates space for the emergence of new definitions and practices of the right to sanctuary and freedom of movement.
Sanctuary in a Small Southern City
Authors: Lambelet Kyle B. T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anton Flores-Maisonet did not set out to provide sanctuary. Yet, accompanying immigrants in LaGrange, Georgia, Flores found he was called to a set of political activities of resistance and solidarity that added up to a practice of creating sanctuary with his undocumented neighbors. Though we typically think of sanctuary as a potentially confrontational political act enabled by the invocation of religious authority, in Flores’s practice sanctuary combines social work as triage and social change as revolution. While sanctuary does not resolve the tension between these models, this interview examines the ways that the practice of sanctuary has provided an orienting point of conceptual and political integration. Sanctuary, in this case, is constructed by a set of everyday tasks: it does not rely on traditional, religious authority alone but is animated by an improvisational political theology that creates platforms for solidarity in which love crosses borders.
Draft genome assembly and transcriptome sequencing of the golden algae Hydrurus foetidus (Chrysophyceae)
Authors: Bråte Jon , Fuss Janina , Mehrota Shruti , Jakobsen Kjetill S. , Klaveness Dag 
Published: October 2019

Hydrurus foetidus is a freshwater chrysophyte alga. It thrives in cold rivers in polar and high alpine regions. It has several morphological traits reminiscent of single-celled eukaryotes, but can also form macroscopic thalli. Despite its ability to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids, its life under cold conditions and its variable morphology, very little is known about its genome and transcriptome. Here, we present an extensive set of next-generation sequencing data, including genomic short reads from Illumina sequencing and long reads from Nanopore sequencing, as well as full length cDNAs from PacBio IsoSeq sequencing and a small RNA dataset (smaller than 200 bp) sequenced with Illumina. The genome sequences were combined to produce an assembly consisting of 5069 contigs, with a total assembly size of 171 Mb and a 77% BUSCO completeness. The new data generated here may contribute to a better understanding of the evolution and ecological roles of chrysophyte algae, as well as to resolve the branching patterns at a larger phylogenetic scale.
Glycemic control monitoring in patients with tuberculosis and diabetes: a descriptive study from programmatic setting in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Gurukartick J. , Murali Lakshmi , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Jacob Anil G. , Samy M. M. , Dheenadayal D. , Aslesh O. P. , Marimuthu Ganesh , Ananthakrishnan Ramya , Krishnan Nalini 
Published: October 2019

Background: India’s national tuberculosis (TB) programme recommends that among patients with diabetes mellitus and TB, fasting blood glucose (FBG) be recorded at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase of TB treatment. We conducted this operational research in select districts of Tamil Nadu, India, in 2016 to determine the availability of blood glucose records and glycemic control status during TB treatment. Methods: This was a descriptive study involving secondary programme data. Glycemic control during TB treatment was ‘optimal’ if both baseline and end of intensive phase FBG (during TB treatment) were <130 mg/dl. In the absence of FBG, we used random blood glucose (RBG), with <180 mg/dl as the cut off. Results: Of 438 patients, FBG at baseline, the end of intensive phase and the end of continuation phase were each available in <20%. Glycemic control status was known for 94% (412/438) patients at baseline and for 91% (400/438) during TB treatment. Among those with known glycemic status, glycemic control was not optimal in 77% of patients (316/412) at baseline and in 84% (337/400) during TB treatment. The proportion of patients with unfavourable TB treatment outcomes at the end of intensive phase was 11% (46/438) and at the end of continuation phase was 5% (21/438). We decided against assessing factors associated with glycemic control during TB treatment and association between glycemic control and TB treatment outcomes because glycemic control assessment, if any, was based mostly on RBG values. Conclusion: Among patients with diabetes and tuberculosis, recording of FBG during tuberculosis treatment requires urgent attention.
Insights from quantitative and mathematical modelling on the proposed 2030 goal for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT)
Authors:   NTD Modelling Consortium Discussion Group on Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis
Published: October 2019

Gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT) is a parasitic, vector-borne neglected tropical disease that has historically affected populations across West and Central Africa and can result in death if untreated. Following from the success of recent intervention programmes against gHAT, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined a 2030 goal of global elimination of transmission (EOT). The key proposed indicator to measure achievement of the goal is to have zero reported cases. Results of previous mathematical modelling and quantitative analyses are brought together to explore both the implications of the proposed indicator and the feasibility of achieving the WHO goal. Whilst the indicator of zero case reporting is clear and measurable, it is an imperfect proxy for EOT and could arise either before or after EOT is achieved. Lagging reporting of infection and imperfect diagnostic specificity could result in case reporting after EOT, whereas the converse could be true due to underreporting, lack of coverage, and cryptic human and animal reservoirs. At the village-scale, the WHO recommendation of continuing active screening until there are three years of zero cases yields a high probability of local EOT, but extrapolating this result to larger spatial scales is complex. Predictive modelling of gHAT has consistently found that EOT by 2030 is unlikely across key endemic regions if current medical-only strategies are not bolstered by improved coverage, reduced time to detection and/or complementary vector control. Unfortunately, projected costs for strategies expected to meet EOT are high in the short term and strategies that are cost-effective in reducing burden are unlikely to result in EOT by 2030. Future modelling work should aim to provide predictions while taking into account uncertainties in stochastic dynamics and infection reservoirs, as well as assessment of multiple spatial scales, reactive strategies, and measurable proxies of EOT.
The association between exaggeration in health-related science news and academic press releases: a replication study
Authors: Bratton Luke , Adams Rachel C. , Challenger Aimée , Boivin Jacky , Bott Lewis , Chambers Christopher D. , Sumner Petroc 
Published: October 2019

Background: Exaggerations in health news were previously found to strongly associate with similar exaggerations in press releases. Moreover, such press release exaggerations did not appear to attract more news. Methods: Here we tested the replicability of these findings in a new cohort of news and press releases based on research in UK universities in 2014 and 2015. Press releases and news were compared to their associated peer-reviewed articles to define exaggeration in advice, causal claims and human inference from non-human studies. Results: We found that the association between news and press releases did not replicate for advice exaggeration, while this association did replicate for causal claims and human inference from non-human studies. There was no evidence for higher news uptake for exaggerated press releases, consistent with previous results. Base exaggeration rates were lower for human inference from non-human studies, possibly reflecting the Concordat on Openness on Animal Research in the UK. Conclusions: Overall, the picture remains that the strength of news statements is normally associated with the strength of press release statements, and without evidence that exaggerated statements get significantly more news.
Crowdfunding, Financing Constraints, and Real Effects
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Langberg Nisan , Zvilichovsky David 
Published: October 2019

We study the feasibility and optimal design of presale crowdfunding contracts where participating consumers pay a premium above the future expected spot price and financially constrained entrepreneurs balance the potential product–market distortions introduced through presale crowdfunding against the cost of traditional external financing. Our analysis shows how such crowdfunding contracts enable the execution of projects that could not be otherwise undertaken and highlights novel interactions between the cost of capital, demand uncertainty, and production. Tighter financing constraints reduce the ability of the monopolist to extract surplus but, contrary to the usual result, may increase production. We evaluate how uncertainty and market size reduce the price-discriminating power of the monopolist and affect the optimal contract regime. Nevertheless, we show how such presale price-discriminating contracts are implementable even when the number of potential consumers is relatively high and their individual demand is stochastic. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Sífilis congênita no recém-nascido: repercussões para a mãe
Authors: Silva Jéssica Gama da , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Ribeiro Juliane Portella , Nobre Camila Magroski Goulart , Nörberg Pâmela Kath de Oliveira , Mota Marina Soares 
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: conhecer as repercussões do diagnóstico da Sífilis Congênita no recém-nascido para a mãe. Método: pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida com 15 mães de recém-nascidos com Sífilis Congênita e internados em um hospital público do sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidos à análise de conteúdo e aprovados pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: as mães manifestaram sentimentos de culpa, desespero, tristeza e horror. Havia esperança de não passar a infecção para o recém-nascido. Verificou-se a reincidência da doença em mais de uma gestação. Referiram medo do estigma social e buscaram informações motherstoresultss, mothersth cernadasacerca da doença na internet, como também com médicos e enfermeiros. Conclusão: há desinformação das mães quanto à infecção da sífilis, principalmente sobre como evitar a transmissão vertical e a reinfecção. Cabe ao enfermeiro, instrumentalizar a mãe para o cuidado ao recém-nascido com Sífilis Congênita, por meio de um processo educativo que qualifique o cuidado da criança e da mãe.
A sintomatologia depressiva entre lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transexuais: um olhar para a saúde mental
Authors: Silva Bianca Luna da , Melo Dayana Souza de , Mello Rosâne 
Published: October 2019

Objetivos: analisar a incidência da sintomatologia depressiva entre lésbicas, gays, bissexuais e transexuais (LGBT), de dois cenários distintos, e sua relação com a sexualidade desses indivíduos. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, mediante análise estatística, realizada entre os anos de 2016 a 2018, e que aplicou o Inventário de Depressão de Beck - II (BDI- II) do Hospital Uiversitário Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG) e na Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto (EEAP), ambos localizados no município do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 76 pessoas. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética. Resultados: No HUGG foi observado indicativo de depressão mínima. Na EEAP, foi observado indicativo de depressão moderada. As disparidades podem ser justificadas pela diferença de idade, os impactos do processo de disclosure e estigmas do portador de HIV. Conclusão: observou-se que a família é fundamental na saúde mental entre LGBT e que é necessário mais pesquisas sobre o tema.
Identifying emergency pathology on abdominopelvic CT for non-radiologists
Authors: Evans Oscar , Rea Benjamin , Shareef Twana 
Published: October 2019

Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans can be complex to interpret but sometimes significant abnormalities are relatively easy to recognize. In emergencies it is beneficial if physicians and surgeons can identify significant pathology that may immediately change patient management. Early image interpretation will allow clinicians to alert radiologists to provide prompt urgent reports, facilitate early referral to other specialities or expedite emergency surgery. This article provides non-radiologists with a systematic approach to identifying emergency pathology on abdominal and pelvic CT scans. It reviews the relevant cross-sectional anatomy and discusses the CT appearances of bowel perforation, bowel obstruction, bowel ischaemia (gangrene), bleeding, appendicitis and hydronephrosis using illustrative examples from the authors' clinical practice. Underlying causes for these conditions and the importance of interpreting the radiological appearances in conjunction with the patient's clinical condition and history are discussed. The authors hope that by using the POGBAH acronym and a systematic approach readers will be able to identify emergency pathology on abdominal and pelvic CT which may improve patient care.
The stiff total knee arthroplasty: causes, treatment modalities and results
Authors: Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos 
Published: October 2019

It is clear that the stiff total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a multifactorial entity associated with preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors. Management of the stiff TKA is best achieved by preventing its occurrence using strategies to control preoperative factors, avoid intraoperative technical errors and perform aggressive, painless postoperative physical medicine and rehabilitation; adequate pain control is paramount in non-invasive management. Careful attention to surgical exposure, restoring gap balance, minimizing surgical trauma to the patellar ligament/extensor mechanism, appropriate implant selection, pain control and adequate physical medicine and rehabilitation (physiotherapy, Astym therapy) all serve to reduce its incidence. For established stiff TKA, there are multiple treatment options available including mobilization under anaesthesia (MUA), arthroscopic arthrolysis, revision TKA, and combined procedures. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:602-610. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180105
Análise do Comportamento Aplicada à Educação: aprendendo com as escolas CABAS e Morningside
Authors: Guimarães Luisa Schivek , Luna Sergio Vasconcelos de 
Published: October 2019

O presente texto apresenta os fundamentos e as principais características de dois modelos de escola que se desenvolvem segundo princípios analítico-comportamentais, baseados em métodos científicos e que possuem sua efetividade comprovada: o Comprehensive Application of Behavior Analysis to Schooling - CABAS (Aplicação Abrangente da Análise do Comportamento à Escolarização) e o Morningside Model of Genarative Instruction (Modelo Morningside de Instrução Generativa). As informações apresentadas aqui são produto da leitura de material produzido pelos proponentes de tais modelos e principalmente da experiência de um dos autores de um mês de visita às escolas que os aplicam, tendo observado as salas de aula de cada modelo por duas semanas. São destacadas as características que cada proposta apresenta para possibilitar uma instrução que atenda às necessidades individuais dos alunos, tais como a divisão em grupos homogêneos, a avaliação do repertório inicial dos alunos e o progresso de acordo com o ritmo dos mesmos. São apresentadas a forma como se dão o planejamento e a condução do ensino e a consequenciação dos comportamentos dos alunos, com reforçamento positivo e evitação de controle coercitivo. Por fim, são feitas análises e comparações entre as escolas que apresentam mais similaridades do que diferenças (dada a mesma afiliação teórica e ao seguimento dos princípios para a programação do ensino), mas que também possuem peculiaridades com implicações para a aprendizagem, considerando o foco na alta taxa de respostas dos alunos nas escolas CABAS e o foco no desenvolvimento de habilidades mais complexas e na aplicação destas habilidades em novos contextos na Morningside. É levantado o interesse dos proponentes dos modelos na sua disseminação para o Brasil e são traçadas considerações acerca das possibilidades de aplicação em nosso país; dentre elas, a de que, apesar das diferentes condições das escolas, os modelos podem oferecer elementos para a inspiração de novas práticas que favoreçam um ensino que atenda de modo mais efetivo às necessidades individuais dos alunos.
Alunos dotados de escolas com diferentes índices de desenvolvimento da educação básica (IDEB)
Authors: Oliveira Roseli Figueiredo Correa de , Rangni Rosemeire de Araújo 
Published: October 2019

A identificação de estudantes com dotação significa o primeiro passo para que eles recebam o atendimento educacional especializado (AEE). A legislação brasileira expressa que todos os estudantes têm direito a esse atendimento, entretanto, há indicações de um número baixo de matrículas de alunos dotados no censo escolar e, ainda, escassez de formação inicial e continuada de professores para a temática de dotação para viabilizar o atendimento especializado dos estudantes. O objetivo geral do estudo foi o de verificar se havia indicação de alunos dotados no terceiro e quarto anos do Ensino Fundamental I em duas escolas municipais. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, na qual se fez uso dos instrumentos Guia de Observação Direta em Sala de Aula, Lista de Verificação de Identificação de Indicadores de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação na área Artística e Corporal Cinestésica e um questionário para caracterizar os professores participantes e seu conhecimento sobre a temática. Como resultados, na Escola A, com Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) abaixo, cinco alunos foram indicados e na Escola B, com IDEB acima, houve nove indicações de alunos dotados. Os instrumentos pareceram eficazes para apontar os alunos com dotação, independente do IDEB apresentado pelas escolas. Também, um número significativo de professores desconhecia a temática de dotação.
Prediction of Compression and Swelling Index Parameters of Quaternary Sediments from Index Tests at Mersin District
Authors: Alptekin Aydın , Taga Hidayet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Compression and swelling index parameters, obtained from consolidation test, are used to calculate settlement for normally and over-consolidated soils respectively. When the conditions are not suitable to perform that test, various alternative methods are investigated to get those parameters without carrying out the consolidation test. In this study, a data set including 18 marine and 40 terrestrial undisturbed Quaternary sediments was taken from southern parts of Mersin City, Turkey. Parameters obtained from consolidation test and index tests were correlated by applying simple and multiple regression analyses. The initial void ratio is the main determiner for estimating both the compression and swelling index parameters. Although attempts have been made to correlate parameters with wide distribution of samples, there is no study done with narrow range. The database was divided to subgroups according to the Plasticity chart to obtain more reliable equations. To test the significance of regression analyses, T and F-tests were done. With this study, statistically significant new equations with very high correlation coefficients are proposed.