Abstract 2137: Osteoblast-lineage cells protect AML cells from cytarabine-induced apoptosis via a mechanism sensitive to HDACi and reduced cell-cell contact
Authors: Sterner Rosalie M. , Kremer Kimberly N. , Rollins Meagan R. , Dudakovic Amel , Westendorf Jennifer J. , Wijnen Andre J. van , Hedin Karen E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The endosteal niche is a component of the bone marrow microenvironment that can serve to protect hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from standard chemotherapies such as cytarabine (Ara-C). Surviving AML cells harbored by this niche can eventually lead to relapse. The endosteal niche is rich in osteoblast lineage cells. U937 or KG1a AML cell lines were cultured with or without osteoblast lineage cells (MC3T3 or W-20-17 cell lines), challenged with doses of 0µM, 0.1µM, 0.5µM, 1µM, 5µM, or 10µM of Ara-C, and assayed for apoptosis via annexin-V staining and flow cytometry. Osteoblast lineage cells (MC3T3 or W-20-17 cell lines) were able to protect AML cells (U937 or KG1a cell lines) from Ara-C-induced apoptosis. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) globally alter gene expression within cells. When we pre-treated osteoblast lineage cells (MC3T3) with the HDACi vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), it reduced the ability of the osteoblast lineage cells (MC3T3) to protect AML cells (U937) from Ara-C-induced apoptosis, which we have previously confirmed in the KG1a AML cell line as well. This indicates that osteoblast lineage cell-mediated protection of AML from Ara-C occurs via an HDACi sensitive mechanism. To begin to further explore the mechanism of action, we co-cultured AML cells (KG1a or U937) with and without osteoblast lineage cells (MC3T3) in the presence or absence of a transwell. We found that the presence of the transwell reduced the osteoblast lineage cell-mediated protection, indicating that osteoblast lineage cell-mediated protection of AML from Ara-C is cell contact dependent. Thus, osteoblast lineage cells can protect AML cells from Ara-C induced apoptosis, this protection can be reduced by pre-treatment of the osteoblast lineage cells with the HDACi vorinostat, and osteoblast lineage cell-mediated protection from Ara-C is cell contact dependent. These studies begin to characterize the mechanisms of osteoblast lineage cell-mediated protection of AML from Ara-C. Manipulating the protective properties of osteoblast lineage cells of the endosteal niche may help make AML cells more susceptible to chemotherapeutics. Therefore, developing combination therapies that target the protective mechanisms of osteoblast-lineage cells may help to further deplete the bone marrow microenvironment of AML cells and prevent relapse of disease.
Citation Format: Rosalie M. Sterner, Kimberly N. Kremer, Meagan R. Rollins, Amel Dudakovic, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Andre J. van Wijnen, Karen E. Hedin. Osteoblast-lineage cells protect AML cells from cytarabine-induced apoptosis via a mechanism sensitive to HDACi and reduced cell-cell contact [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2137.