bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slurry rheology in mineral processing unit operations: A critical review
Authors: Cruz Nestor , Forster John , Bobicki Erin R. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTKnowledge of slurry rheology in mineral processing is essential for the optimization of wet‐grinding, dewatering, transport, and tailings management and it is becoming important in flotation due to the increasing need to process complex ores with a high clay mineral content. Slurries of these ores often display complex rheological behaviour even at low solids concentration, and traditional rheology measurements in mineral processing, such as yield stress and apparent viscosities, may not provide the critical information needed for process optimization. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of some of the previous rheology studies performed at the bench, pilot plant, and industrial scale for different unit operations and to discuss the potential for alternative rheology measurements to provide a better insight into colloidal particle interactions in slurries with clay minerals. Firstly, the fundamentals of slurry rheology and the influence of colloidal particles are presented. Secondly, rheology measurements for suspensions are described briefly. Thirdly, a review of rheology studies in grinding, classification, flotation, dewatering, and tailings management is done, outlining possible ways of determining types of particle associations in slurries. Finally, recommendations for future research directions are provided.
OpenForce MR: A low‐cost open‐source MR‐compatible force sensor
Authors: Santini Francesco , Bieri Oliver , Deligianni Xeni 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMeasuring the force exerted by muscles during dynamic MR acquisition (either imaging or spectroscopy) provides important information for the standardization of the exercise performed in the scanner and is therefore important for reproducible results in musculoskeletal imaging. However, existing commercial solutions for such measurements are often very expensive and impractical. In this work, a novel, open‐source, versatile force sensor made of non‐magnetic, off‐the‐shelf components is presented. The sensor is based on four aluminum Wheatstone bridge load cells enclosed in a custom‐built aluminum frame. These cells are connected to an Arduino microcontroller for data acquisition and serial communication with a host computer, on which a dedicated program visualizes and logs the recorded force in real time. All components were chosen to be compatible with the MR environment, commercially available, and low cost. The sensor was calibrated with a commercial dynamometer and subsequently tested in multiple MR acquisition scenarios (static morphological imaging, cine imaging during contraction, velocity‐encoded imaging). The sensor correctly recorded data during all tested sequences, without cross‐interference between the MR and the force acquisitions. Minor susceptibility artifacts are visible in the immediate vicinity of the sensor, but they did not impair the evaluation of the muscle of interest. In conclusion, the development of a low‐cost, MR‐compatible force sensor is feasible, and its usage does not interfere with MR acquisition. The full specifications of the sensor, including hardware design, firmware and host software are publicly released as open‐source for the potential benefit of the whole community.
Enhanced Peroxidase Mimetic Activity of Porous Iron Oxide Nanoflakes
Authors: Tanaka Shunsuke , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A. , Fatehmulla Amanullah , Aldhafiri Abdullah M. , Farooq W. Aslam , Bando Yoshio , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPorous nanomaterials with superior peroxidase mimetic activity (nanozyme) at room temperature have gained increasing attention as potential alternatives to natural peroxidase enzymes. Herein, we report the application of porous iron oxide nanoflakes (IONFs), synthesized using the combination of solvothermal method and high‐temperature calcination as peroxidase nanozyme for the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2. The four IONF catalysts possess porous structures with a wide pore size distribution between 2–30 nm and high specific surface areas around to 200 m2 g−1. The increase of calcination temperature of the IONFs from 250 °C to 400 °C resulted in a gradual decrease in their specific surface area and Michaelis‐Menten constant (Km) for TMB oxidation. The optimum IONF sample showed a much lower Km at 0.24 mM (towards TMB) compared to natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at 0.434 mM, revealing the promising potential of the as‐prepared IONFs as alternatives to HRP for biosensing applications.
*‐Predictable MPSoC execution of real‐time control applications using invasive computing
Authors: Brand Marcel , Witterauf Michael , Sousa Éricles , Tanase Alexandru , Hannig Frank , Teich Jürgen 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe fulfillment of non‐functional requirements like timing or energy consumption is of utmost importance in many embedded systems and respective applications. Especially, with the introduction of multi‐core architectures, the ability to predict non‐functional execution qualities becomes more and more difficult, as multiple concurrent application programs may interfere in execution when typically sharing all the resources. In this paper, we advocate a novel parallel computing paradigm called invasive computing that allows to isolate application programs on multi‐core targets. For a presented case study of a cyber‐physical real‐time control system, we show that invasive computing enables composability that in fact allows to characterize and analyze each application program statically and independent from each other. More specifically, it is shown that a distributed object detection algorithm for controlling an inverted pendulum and implemented on a heterogeneous invasive multi‐processor SoC (MPSoC) is able to provide real‐time guarantees as well as reliability requirements on demand.
Comprehensive Phenotyping of T Cells Using Flow Cytometry
Authors: Mousset Charlotte M. , Hobo Willemijn , Woestenenk Rob , Preijers Frank , Dolstra Harry , van der Waart Anniek B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe T cell compartment can form a powerful defense against extrinsic (e.g., pathogens) and intrinsic danger (e.g., malignant cells). At the same time, specific subsets of T cells control this process to keep the immune system in check and prevent autoimmunity. A wide variety in T cell functionalities exists, which is dependent on the differentiation and maturation state of the T cells. In this review, we report an overview for the identification of CD4+ T‐αβ cells (T‐helper (Th)1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and CD4+ regulatory T cells), CD8+ T‐αβ cells (cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc)1, Tc2, Tc9, Tc17, and CD8+ regulatory T cells), and their additional effector memory status (naïve, stem cell memory, central memory, effector memory, and effector) using flow cytometry. These different subsets can be discriminated based on selective extracellular markers, in combination with intracellular transcription factor and/or cytokine stainings. Additionally, identification of very small subsets, including antigen‐specific T cells, and important technical considerations of flow cytometry are discussed. Together, this overview can be used for comprehensive phenotyping of a T cell subset of interest. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Robust Cell Detection and Segmentation for Image Cytometry Reveal Th17 Cell Heterogeneity
Authors: Tsujikawa Takahiro , Thibault Guillaume , Azimi Vahid , Sivagnanam Sam , Banik Grace , Means Casey , Kawashima Rie , Clayburgh Daniel R. , Gray Joe W. , Coussens Lisa M. , Chang Young Hwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImage cytometry enables quantitative cell characterization with preserved tissue architecture; thus, it has been highlighted in the advancement of multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and digital image analysis in the context of immune‐based biomarker monitoring associated with cancer immunotherapy. However, one of the challenges in the current image cytometry methodology is a technical limitation in the segmentation of nuclei and cellular components particularly in heterogeneously stained cancer tissue images. To improve the detection and specificity of single‐cell segmentation in hematoxylin‐stained images (which can be utilized for recently reported 12‐biomarker chromogenic sequential multiplex IHC), we adapted a segmentation algorithm previously developed for hematoxlin and eosin‐stained images, where morphological features are extracted based on Gabor‐filtering, followed by stacking of image pixels into n‐dimensional feature space and unsupervised clustering of individual pixels. Our proposed method showed improved sensitivity and specificity in comparison with standard segmentation methods. Replacing previously proposed methods with our method in multiplex IHC/image cytometry analysis, we observed higher detection of cell lineages including relatively rare TH17 cells, further enabling sub‐population analysis into TH1‐like and TH2‐like phenotypes based on T‐bet and GATA3 expression. Interestingly, predominance of TH2‐like TH17 cells was associated with human papilloma virus (HPV)‐negative status of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, known as a poor‐prognostic subtype in comparison with HPV‐positive status. Furthermore, TH2‐like TH17 cells in HPV‐negative head and neck cancer tissues were spatiotemporally correlated with CD66b+ granulocytes, presumably associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our cell segmentation method for multiplex IHC/image cytometry potentially contributes to in‐depth immune profiling and spatial association, leading to further tissue‐based biomarker exploration. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Distributed optimization of enhanced intercell interference coordination and resource allocation in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Li Li , Zhou Zhaorong , Sun Sanshan , Wei Menghan 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn two‐tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets), the cross‐tier interference caused by spectrum sharing between macrocell and small cells poses obstacle to ideal overall network performance. Both enhanced intercell interference coordination (eICIC) at the macrocell base station (MBS) and resource allocation (RA) at small cell base station (SBS) have been considered as efficient approaches to mitigate the cross‐tier interference. In this paper, we propose a distributed optimization framework to jointly optimize the eICIC and RA schemes at different tiers. In specific, an enhanced almost blank subframe (ABS) scheme is performed by the MBS to encourage SBSs to adopt hybrid access policy and admit the offloaded macrocell users (MUs) so as to guarantee their QoS requirements. To model the intricate interaction between two tiers, we formulate the joint optimization problem as a one‐leader multiple‐follower Stackelberg game. We prove the existence of Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) and obtain the optimal strategies for both tiers. Numerical results are presented to show that the proposed framework with hybrid access policy converges to a unique SE and utilities for both tiers is maximized, which creates a win‐win situation.
Association of serum testosterone with different classes of glucose metabolism and the mediation effect of obesity: The Henan Rural Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Xue , Jiang Jingjing , Liu Xiaotian , Luo Zhicheng , Wang Yan , Dong Xiaokang , Wei Dandan , Li Ruiying , Wang Yikang , Huo Wenqian , Yu Songcheng , Li Linlin , Jin Shuna , Wang Chongjian , Mao Zhenxing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate the association of serum testosterone with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and calculate the proportion explained by obesity status on the relationship.Materials and MethodsA case‐control study including 2775 participants was performed. Serum testosterone was quantified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were performed to estimate the relationships between testosterone and different glucose status. Waist circumference (WC) was used as a mediator to estimate the mediation effect.ResultsAfter adjusting for multiple variables, serum testosterone levels were negatively associated with T2DM in males (per 1 unit natural log‐transformed, odd ratio (OR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56, 0.96; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR = 0.46, 95% CI:0.29, 0.72) while were positively in females (per 1 unit natural log‐transformed, OR = 1.56, 95% CI:1.32, 1.84; Tertile 3 vs Tertile 1, OR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.22, 5.66). In males, a higher testosterone tended to be associated with a lower fasting plasma glucose level and a weaker HOMA2‐IR but a stronger HOMA2‐β. Opposite findings were observed in females. Furthermore, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM both in males and females.ConclusionSerum testosterone levels had opposite effects on IFG and T2DM in males and females. With higher serum testosterone levels, the dysglycemia progression was decreased among males while increased among females. In addition, WC played a full and partial mediating role in the relationship between testosterone and IFG and T2DM.
Variation in chronic radiation exposure does not drive life history divergence among Daphnia populations across the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
Authors: Goodman Jessica , Copplestone David , Laptev Gennady V. , Gashchak Sergey , Auld Stuart K. J. R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIonizing radiation is a mutagen with known negative impacts on individual fitness. However, much less is known about how these individual fitness effects translate into population‐level variation in natural environments that have experienced varying levels of radiation exposure. In this study, we sampled genotypes of the freshwater crustacean, Daphnia pulex, from the eight inhabited lakes across the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Each lake has experienced very different levels of chronic radiation exposure since a nuclear power reactor exploded there over thirty years ago. The sampled Daphnia genotypes represent genetic snapshots of current populations and allowed us to examine fitness‐related traits under controlled laboratory conditions at UK background dose rates. We found that whilst there was variation in survival and schedules of reproduction among populations, there was no compelling evidence that this was driven by variation in exposure to radiation. Previous studies have shown that controlled exposure to radiation at dose rates included in the range measured in the current study reduce survival, or fecundity, or both. One limitation of this study is the lack of available sites at high dose rates, and future work could test life history variation in various organisms at other high radiation areas. Our results are nevertheless consistent with the idea that other ecological factors, for example competition, predation or parasitism, are likely to play a much bigger role in driving variation among populations than exposure to the high radiation dose rates found in the CEZ. These findings clearly demonstrate that it is important to examine the potential negative effects of radiation across wild populations that are subject to many and varied selection pressures as a result of complex ecological interactions.
Long‐term outcome in patients with Takotsubo syndrome presenting with severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Citro Rodolfo , Radano Ilaria , Parodi Guido , Di Vece Davide , Zito Concetta , Novo Giuseppina , Provenza Gennaro , Bellino Michele , Prota Costantina , Silverio Angelo , Antonini‐Canterin Francesco , Rigo Fausto , Vriz Olga , Galasso Gennaro , Bossone Eduardo , Salerno‐Uriarte Jorge , Piscione Federico 
Published: February 2019

AimTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of patients with Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 35%) at presentation.Methods and resultsThe study population included 326 patients (mean age 69.5 ± 10.7 years, 28 male) with TTS enrolled in the Takotsubo Italian Network, divided into two groups according to LVEF (≤ 35%, n = 131; > 35%, n = 195), as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at hospital admission. In‐hospital events were recorded in both groups. At long‐term follow‐up (median 26.5 months, interquartile range 18–33), composite major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and TTS recurrence) and rehospitalization were investigated. Compared to patients with LVEF > 35%, patients with LVEF ≤ 35% were older (71.2 ± 10.8 vs. 68.4 ± 10.6 years; P = 0.026) and experienced more frequently cardiogenic shock (16% vs. 4.6%; P < 0.001), acute heart failure (28.2% vs. 12.8%; P = 0.001), and intra‐aortic balloon pump support (11.5% vs. 2.6%; P = 0.001) in the acute phase. At long‐term follow‐up, higher rates of composite MACE (25.2% vs. 10.8%; P = 0.001) and rehospitalization for cardiac causes (26% vs. 13.3%; P = 0.004) were observed in these patients. LVEF ≤ 35% at admission [hazard ratio (HR) 2.184, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.231–3.872; P = 0.008] and age (HR 1.041, 95% CI 1.011–1.073; P = 0.006) were independent predictors of MACE. Patients with LVEF ≤ 35% also had a significant lower freedom from composite MACE during long‐term follow‐up (χ2 = 11.551, P = 0.001).ConclusionLeft ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% at presentation is a key parameter to identify TTS patients at higher risk not only in the acute phase but also at long‐term follow‐up.
Prognostic implications of plasma volume status estimates in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from TOPCAT
Authors: Grodin Justin L. , Philips Steven , Mullens Wilfried , Nijst Petra , Martens Pieter , Fang James C. , Drazner Mark H. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Pandey Ambarish 
Published: February 2019

AimsPlasma volume expansion is clinically and prognostically relevant in individuals with heart failure. Prior cohorts either excluded or had limited representation of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We aimed to examine the relationship between calculated plasma volume status (PVS) and outcomes in HFpEF.Methods and resultsWe included enrollees from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT) with available haematocrit and weight data (n = 3414). Plasma volume was derived from the Hakim formula and compared to estimates of ideal plasma volume to generate a relative PVS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models tested the association of PVS with clinical outcomes. The median PVS was –11.9% (25th–75th percentile: –17.2% to –6.4%) and the majority (91.1%) had PVS consistent with relative volume contraction (PVS ≤ 0%) as opposed to volume expansion (8.9%, PVS > 0%). After multivariable adjustment, each 5% increment in PVS was associated with a ∼11%, 14%, and 12% higher risk for the primary composite endpoint, all‐cause death, and heart failure hospitalization, respectively (P < 0.002 for all), but not cardiovascular death (P = 0.051). After additional adjustment for natriuretic peptides, PVS only remained associated with heart failure hospitalization (HR 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.001–1.21, P = 0.047). There were no significant interactions between spironolactone use and the PVS–risk relationship for any endpoint (P > 0.1 for all).ConclusionHigher calculated estimates of PVS were independently associated with a higher risk of long‐term clinical outcomes in HFpEF, and particularly, heart failure hospitalization.
Comparison of the Chronic Toxicity of Nickel to Temperate and Tropical Freshwater Species
Authors: Peters Adam , Merrington Graham , Leverett Dean , Wilson Iain , Schlekat Christian , Garman Emily 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Reliable ecotoxicity data are required to derive thresholds protective for aquatic life that are scientifically defensible and practically implementable as environmental risk assessment and management tools. Much of the data that have been used to derive thresholds for environmental quality have been collected for temperate species. There are concerns that due to a lack of data for the different species present in tropical ecosystems, they may not be adequately protected by thresholds derived from temperate species. In the present study, chronic ecotoxicity data for nickel and freshwater species from different climatic regions have been collated. Comparisons were performed between tropical and temperate datasets on the basis of the threshold values and overall distributions of the ecotoxicity data, as well as between groups of species and closely related species from different climatic regions. The analysis indicated that the sensitivities of tropical and temperate species cover similar ranges. An approach based on the inclusion of as diverse a range of taxa as possible is recommended to ensure the protection of sensitive species in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1211–1220. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
The flame‐retardant effect of calcium hypophosphite in various thermoplastic polymers
Authors: Savas Atabek Lemiye , Tayfun Umit , Hancer Mehmet , Dogan Mehmet 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThe flame‐retardant behavior of calcium hypophosphite (CaHP) was investigated in different thermoplastic polymers including polyamide 6 (PA), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and poly methyl metacrylate (PMMA). CaHP was used at three different amounts of 10, 20, and 30 wt%. The characterization of the composites was performed using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL 94), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and mass loss calorimeter test. According to the test results, CaHP enhances the fire‐retardant properties in different levels depending on the polymer type. The CaHP exhibits its flame‐retardant effect via the formation of foamed char structure in the condensed phase and via the dilution and radical scavenging effect in the gas phase.