bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimation Formula of SNEDDS Dosage from Ethanol Extract of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) With Waste Oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as A Carrier
Authors: Rahayu N Y , Budiharjo A , Pangastuti A , Artanti A N , Prihapsara F , Harini M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Turmeric have a lot of advantages for us, usually for treatment a lot of desease, and it has efficiency as a drug. But turmeric extract have very low solubility and it cause minimal oral bioavailability. While nutrition of waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) are higher than the other fish, because this waste oil have palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid that usefull for treatment some disease. So, in this research, turmeric extract made by Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) method with waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as a carrier to overcome solubility of turmeric extract. In this research, the turmeric was extracted with maceration method using ethanol as a solvent. This extracting showed high average rendemens are 6.62-8.19 %. Percentages of curcumin for this turmeric extract was calculated by TLC-densitometry, shows 2.99 % b/b. This extract had the optimization of the formulation of the composition of surfactant by Tween 80, cosurfactant by PEG 400, and waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.) as a oil carrier. After done some tests, include loading dose test on the selected optimal formulation, then we had determine that quality. It included by counting emulsification time, observations of the particle size, its distribution, and zeta potential of nanoemulsi using PSA. The results of SNEDDS optimal dosage was calculated by Design Expert 7 had a mass (gram) ratio of waste oil of Eel (Anguilla spp.):Tween 80 (surfactant): PEG 400 (cosurfactant) = 0.55 :4.10:0.35 added with loading dose 0.5 g of Turmeric extract in 5 g system of SNEDDS. The result had a transmittance value of 91.48-92.17 % with emulsification time less than 30 seconds and it classified type A (Sakhti et al, 2013). Particle size of the chosen SNEDDS nanoemulsion turmeric extract that calculated by PSA, shows 11.9 nm and with polydispersity index are 0.118 droplet and zeta potential of -11.8 mV.
Optimization of self nanoemulsifying drug delivery system with ethanolic extract of ginger (zingiber officinale) and eel bone oil (anguilla spp.) extracted by maceration as carrier
Authors: Wijayanti II , Budiharjo A , Pangastuti A , Prihapsara F , Artanti A N , Harini M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
SNEDDS is a drug delivery method by mixing oil, surfactant, cosurfactant and drug that can form spontaneous nanoemulsion oil in water in the digestive tract and produce nanometer-sized droplet. Aim of this study was to get optimation for SNEDDS (Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) with ethanolic extract of ginger, eel fish bone oil extracted by maceration as carrier, tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 400 as cosurfactant that applicable as a nanoemulsion formula. Optimation formula was measured based on transmittance and emulsification time of mixture of eel fish oil, ginger extract, tween 80, and PEG 400 into 8 different compositions. The Transmittance values were measured using UV/VIS Spectrophotometric at 650 nm and emulsification times were measured using stopwatch by diluting 1 mL of SNEDDS into AGF (Artificial Gastric Fluid), aquadest, and aquabidest. The optimum SNEDDS formula was determined based on the optimization results using Design Expert 7 program with the independent variable was composition of tween 80 and composition of PEG 400 and the dependent variable was transmittance and emulsification time in AGF, aquadest, and aquabidest. Result of Design Expert 7 program optimization formula showed that SNEDDS of ginger extract will be optimized in 4.2 g of tween 80 as surfactant; 0.25 g of PEG 400 as a cosurfactant; 500 mg of ethanolic ginger extract and 0.55 g of maceration extract of eel fish bone oil with transmittance value was 92 ± 0.034 %; emulsification time in AGF was 10 second, in Aquadest was 10 second, and Aquabidest was 9 second. The result of Analysis of Variance indicated not significant differences between treatment groups and optimization by design expert 7 program ((P = 0.1359 (P>0.05)).
Solidification of meloxicam self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system formulation incorporated into soluble and insoluble carriers using freeze drying method
Authors: Kuncahyo I , Choiri S , Fudholi A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Solidification of liquid self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) formulation is required to enhance the feasibility and flexibility for further formulation processes. This study purposed to compare the soluble and insoluble carriers namely mannitol and fumed silica, respectively on the nano-emulsion formation and physical properties. The optimized SNEDDS formulation comprising of virgin olive oil, Tween 80, and PEG 400; and meloxicam was impregnated into solid carriers e.g. mannitol and fumed silica using a freeze-drying method. The physical mixture was carried out to compare the aforementioned method. Vibrational spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and morphological characteristic, droplet size and distribution, and drug release were performed to characterize the solid SNEDDS (S-SNEDDS). The result showed that crystallization of meloxicam did not observe in the S-SNEDDS formulations, which confirmed by the vibrational spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The morphological characteristic of S-SNEDDS was similar to the native carriers. The soluble carrier did not affect the formation of the nano-emulsion compared to the insoluble carrier. In addition, the S-SNEDDS enhanced the drug release of meloxicam up to 3-4 folds increment.
Renal Function Parameter on Acute Toxicity Test of Kapulaga (Amomum cardamom) Seed Extract in Rat
Authors: Yudhani R D , Pesik R N , Azzahro S , Anisa A F , Hendriyani R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Kapulaga (Amomum cardamom) is one of herb which is commonly used for spices or medicine, especially the seeds. Previous studies showed that the essential oil of cardamom have antimicrobial, antiinflamatory, analgesic and antispasmodic activities. There was also evidence that A.cardamom has antiartherogenic and antidiabetic activity in rat. Despite the medicinal benefits of A.cardamom, this herb is not yet standardize for herb medicine. For its standardization, A.cardamom has to pass the preclinical and clinical studies to ensure its efficacy and safety profile. The aims of this study was to examine the safety profile of A.cardamom seed extract based on renal parameter function (ureum and creatine levels). Acute toxicity test was conducted based on the OECD 420 Fixed Dose Prosedure guideline that consists of two test steps, preliminary and main tests. For preliminary test, initially with 300 mg/kg BW dose of A.cardamom seed extract, followed by 2000 mg/kg BW. The main test consists of control and treatment group and each group used 5 rats. The rats in both groups were given 2000 mg/kg BW in a single dose of A.cardamom seed extract. The ureum and cretainine levels were assessed at day 14th using an enzymatic-photometric method. The data were analyzed by independent sample test. The results revealed that the ureum and creatinine levels in control and treatment groups were not statistically different. The mean of ureum levels in the control and tretment groups were 47.24±6.18 and 43.98±6.78 (p=0.45) and the mean of creatinine levels were 0.43±0.04 and 0.36±0.12 (p=0.31) respectively. These results show that a high single dose of A.cardamom seed extract (2000 mg/kgBW) did not toxic in rat based on renal function parameters.
Optimatitation of mole ratio for synthesis reaction of Ketoprofen Eugenol Ester
Authors: Yugatama A , Ramelan A H , Novitasari E D W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ketoprofen is a NSAID which often used, but has been shown to induce gastrointestinal irritation. The side-effect arises because of the presence of carboxylic acid groups. The carboxylic acid groups can be changed by estherification reaction between ketoprofen and eugenol using an acid catalyst. This study was purposed to find out the effect of mole ratio of ketoprofen : eugenol on the synthesis Ketoprofen Eugenol Ester (KEE). The mole ratio of ketoprofen : eugenol which used in the study were 1:3; 1:4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:7; 1:8. The synthesis was done by heating up ketoprofen, eugenol, and HCl as the catalyst. The results of synthesis were characterized using TLC, FTIR, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, and HPLC. Then, the data was analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA (SPSS). The result of sample analysis using TLC showed the Rf value ±0.07. The FTIR analysis indicated that there were peak C=O ester and C-O ester. The highest yield value, absorbance of UV-Vis spectrophotometer and peak area of HPLC were found in the mole ratio 1:6. The One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the variations of mole ratio which were used.
The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) with active carbon
Authors: Sinaga G S T , Wismogroho A S , Fitroturokhmah A , Kusumaningrum R , Widayatno W B , Hadiko G , Amal M I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The reduction of minor impurities (e.g., Ferrite, Magnesium, Lead, Chromium) from Zinc rich-EAFD with active carbon addition was investigated at temperature between 900-1300 °C. The result was powder with higher zinc content which then analysed by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with X-Ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) of EAFD and carbon mixture was conducted previously to grasp the temperature of thermic reaction of mixture. Recovery of 90wt% zinc from EAFD available was achieved up to 99.2wt% after the pyrometallurgy process at temperature 900 °C in atmosphere pressure while the extension of the time corresponds to the amount of recovered zinc dross.
Recycled Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber/Halloysite (rPP/rNR/KF/Hall) smart composites: The influence of bio-compatibilizer addition on Tensile, Morphological and Heat Combustion Properties
Authors: Suharty N S , Ismail H , Diharjo K , Handayani D S , Sholihati A , Nisa’ A I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Had been successfully synthesized rPP/DVB/PP-AA/rNR/KF//Hall+ZB smart composite in solution reactive processes with various recycled Natural Rubber (rNR) bio-compatibilizer concentration. The addition of rNR bio-compatibilizer improved the total capacity loading (Hall and KF) filler to reach the optimum concentration. The addition of 3% rNR is capable to increase capacity of total loading filler KF and Hall up to 46% as the optimum condition (KH4). At optimum conditions it can increase the Tensile Strength (TS) and Elongation (Elo) up to 16% and 17% respectively, and decrease the Young Modulus (YM) to 1% compared to that the composites without rNR (KH1). The rNR plasticizer serves as a bio-compatibilizer that can increase the loading filler capacity and well interaction, finally, it can increase the TS properties. The increase of total loading filler KF and Hall to 46% (KH4) can also improve the inflammability of the composites. The Heat combustion (Hg) of KH1 without rNR was 42.3 kJ/g and at optimum condition the Hg of KH4 increases 4.8%, compared to that of KH1. The time to Ignition (TTI) increases by 6.9%, Burning Rate (BR) decreases by 3.7% and the Heat Release (HR) increases by 2.1% compared to that of the composites without rNR (KH1).
Thermal behaviour properties and corrosion resistance of carbon/polyurethane film
Authors: Kurniawan O , Ramadhan I H , Soegijono B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Carbon/polyurethane film composite were prepared by adding carbon with different content in polyurethane as a matrix. The materials were characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Optical microscope and salt spray test. TGA and DSC results showed decomposition temperature shifted to a lower point and the FT-IR spectra showed chemical reaction of carbon/polyurethane matrix. The corrosion resistance overall decrease with the increasing carbon content.
Fabrication of Graphene Oxide/Calcium Carbonate/Chitosan Nanocomposite Film with Enhanced Mechanical Properties
Authors: Handayani M , Sulistiyono E , Rokhmanto F , Darsono N , Fransisca P L , Erryani A , Wardono J T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nanocomposites are an attractive field of materials providing novel performance owing to their remarkable properties at low filler loading. Currently, they are being increasingly used by industry whilst displacing the use of conventional filler materials. A lot of nanoscale fillers are capable to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposites. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, has recently attracted much attention due to their novel electronic and mechanical properties. Graphene and graphene oxide show very high mechanical properties with well biocompatibility, and they have potential application as biomaterials. Therefore, 2D graphene or graphene oxide sheets are expected to offer promising nanoscale filler for the next generation of nanocomposite materials. Here, Graphene Oxide/Calcium Carbonate/Chitosan (GO/CaCO3/CS) Nanocomposite Film has been fabricated by the blending aqueous solution. The graphene oxide used in this study was synthesized by chemical way from pure graphite using modified hummer’s technique. The graphene oxide resulted from hummer’s method was characterized by IR, XRD and SEMEDX. The measurement result of the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite film showed that with adding GO content in the composite enhanced the tensile strength and peaks at the content of GO 5 % due to good dispersion of the graphene oxide as nano-scale fillers.
The Flexural Strength of Post-Fire Concrete with the use of Waste Banner Fibers
Authors: Rahmawati A , Nurhidayati A , Roemintoyo  , Prakoso M R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of nylon fiber from the waste banner in this study was expected to be an alternative effort to reduce the negative impact of waste banner while improving the property of concrete that was a flexural strength as an effect of the character of nylon fiber that has high tensile strength. The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum value of the flexural strength of post-fire concrete resulting from the addition of waste banner fiber. 64 of beam samples in 150 mm of width, 150 mm of thickness, and 600 mm of length used to test the flexural strength of concrete. The variation of the waste banner fiber’s lengths was 30 mm, 60 mm and 90 mm while the combustion temperature used were 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C. The results of the study showed that 60 mm fiber’s length gave the highest flexural strength results compared to other fiber lengths. The higher the combustion temperature produces the decreasing of concrete’s flexural strength.
The Attack of Alkali Silica Reaction on The Strength of Sea Water Resistance Concrete Pavement
Authors: Sumarsono A , Labib NM , Suryoto  , Setyawan A , Zulfadli  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aggregate is the main material in concrete slab for rigid pavement. Quality of the aggregate should be eligible for the rigid pavement. Roads with rigid pavement structure can be damaged by non-technical factors including the effect of tidal flood. That damage due to the attack of alkali silica reaction in concrete. So, it required a research to select the type of aggregate that is more resistant to alkali silica reaction that will produce concrete more resistant to sea water. The method used is this research is experimental one, some sample in alkali silica reaction test using mortar bar of (25x25x285) mm dimensions. For the testing compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete using a cube-shaped test specimens of 150mm x 150 mm and a beam shape (150x160x600)mm. For testing performed after the age of concrete 28 days for normal conditions and after a concrete immersed fresh water 28 days, then soaked in seawater 13 days, and 26 days for testing the effect of sea water on the concrete strength. The test was performed using aggregates from PT. Armada Hada Graha, Magelang and PT. Panca Dharma Puspawira, Surakarta. The conclusion at this experiment is aggregate basalt (Surakarta) is more resistant to alkali silica reaction that caused by sea water than the aggregate andesite (Magelang).
Design and evaluation on the immersive Virtual Reality system in learning archeology
Authors: Purnomo F A , Pratisto E H , Bahtiar F S , Riasti B K , Puspitasari L , Ardhiana N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This research aims to design and evaluate the three-dimensional Virtual Reality game at showroom 1 and 2 of the Sangiran Museum. This application is designed for the media campaign and increase the appeal of the public to educational tourism contained in Sragen regency, the location of the museum. The game genre is quiz with scoring and it allows the user to guess the fossil name that is displayed on the screen. Twenty visitors were participated to evaluate the application after they finished exploring both showrooms. Questionnaire is used to measure the use of the application. The result shows good acceptance in term of usability. It is expected that visitors can add educational value to their knowledge on the post-visit to the museum.
Solution of time independent cosmic string for harmonic oscillator plus poschl teller non-central potentials using supersymmetry quantum mechanics methods
Authors: Anggraini D , Suparmi A , Cari C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Time independent cosmic string equation for Harmonic Oscillator and Poschl Teller non-central potential have been solved using supersymmetry quantum mechanics method. The time independent cosmic string with non-central potential was reduced into three one dimensional Schrodinger equations by using variable separation method. The energy levels and radial wave function were analyzed using supersymmetry quantum mechanics method from radial part of Schrodinger like equation. The angular wave function was obtained from angular part of Schrodinger equation. The effect of the non-central potential caused energy levels increasing. Energy spectra for λ = 0 and κ = 0 have smaller value than energy levels for λ ≠ 0 and κ ≠ 0. The increased value of parameter λ and κ caused increased in energy levels. However, the decreased of cosmic string parameter α, caused the increased of energy levels.
Application of alphazzle writing for basic school children base on android
Authors: Hartatik  , Pratiwi P , Purnomo A , Hartono R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The education process is one of the human activities in which the motivational function in the education process is to generate encouragement to do activities in education. Activity can produce changes in cognitive, psychomotor and affective students. This applies to every learning in the teaching and learning process. Student learning success is determined by several factors that support the success of the teaching-learning process, including the existence of innovative learning techniques in this case is learning to write. Android games are an alternative software that is chosen, with the reason Android tends to be used on mobile drivers such as smartphones and tablet PCs. In the current technological development, children tend to be more familiar with various gadgets, even children under five are now exposed to various gadgets. With the existence of android games and supported by attractive features, it is expected that children know computer technology, lessons for following directions and rules, problem solving and logic exercises, motoric nerve training and spatial skills, can help parents to teach their children in a fun way.
Taxonomic Interference Associated with Phonemic Paraphasias in Agrammatic Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Nelson M J , Moeller S , Basu A , Christopher L , Rogalski E J , Greicius M , Weintraub S , Bonakdarpour B , Hurley R S , Mesulam M-M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Phonemic paraphasias are thought to reflect phonological (post-semantic) deficits in language production. Here we present evidence that phonemic paraphasias in non-semantic primary progressive aphasia (PPA) may be associated with taxonomic interference. Agrammatic and logopenic PPA patients and control participants performed a word-to-picture visual search task where they matched a stimulus noun to 1 of 16 object pictures as their eye movements were recorded. Participants were subsequently asked to name the same items. We measured taxonomic interference (ratio of time spent viewing related vs. unrelated foils) during the search task for each item. Target items that elicited a phonemic paraphasia during object naming elicited increased taxonomic interference during the search task in agrammatic but not logopenic PPA patients. These results could reflect either very subtle sub-clinical semantic distortions of word representations or partial degradation of specific phonological word forms in agrammatic PPA during both word-to-picture matching (input stage) and picture naming (output stage). The mechanism for phonemic paraphasias in logopenic patients seems to be different and to be operative at the pre-articulatory stage of phonological retrieval. Glucose metabolic imaging suggests that degeneration in the left posterior frontal lobe and left temporo-parietal junction, respectively, might underlie these different patterns of phonemic paraphasia.
A comment on ‘The Sraffian Methodenstreit and the revolution in economic theory’
Authors: Sinha Ajit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This is a comment on Nuno Martins’ review article of my book: A Revolution in Economic Theory: The Economics of Piero Sraffa. It clarifies the confusion with respect to Sraffa’s prices and the classical notion of ‘long-term natural prices’ based on the idea of gravitation of ‘market prices’ to ‘natural prices’.
Reducing Native Ant Abundance Decreases Predation Rates in Midwestern Grasslands
Authors: Wills B D , Kim T N , Fox A F , Gratton C , Landis D A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Diverse and robust predator communities are important for effective prey suppression in natural and managed communities. Ants are ubiquitous components of terrestrial systems but their contributions to natural prey suppression is relatively understudied in temperate regions. Growing evidence suggests that ants can play a significant role in the removal of insect prey within grasslands, but their impact is difficult to separate from that of nonant predators. To test how ants may contribute to prey suppression in grasslands, we used poison baits (with physical exclosures) to selectively reduce the ant population in common garden settings, then tracked ant and nonant ground predator abundance and diversity, and removal of sentinel egg prey for 7 wk. We found that poison baits reduced ant abundance without a significant negative impact on abundance of nonant ground predators, and that a reduction in ant abundance decreased the proportion of sentinel prey eggs removed. Even a modest decrease (~20%) in abundance of several ant species, including the numerically dominant Lasius neoniger Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), significantly reduced sentinel prey removal rates. Our results suggest that ants disproportionately contribute to ground-based predation of arthropod prey in grasslands. Changes in the amount of grasslands on the landscape and its management may have important implications for ant prevalence and natural prey suppression services in agricultural landscapes.