bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of R&D workforce diversity on firm’s performance in internal and external R&D
Authors: Bae Sung Joo , Han Sangyun 
Published: July 2019

PurposeHow should managers organize their R&D workforce in order to maximize the benefit of internal R&D and R&D outsourcing strategy? The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of R&D workforce diversity on firms’ performance when the firms use internal and external knowledge acquired from R&D outsourcing. Diversity of R&D employees as R&D workforce can enable firms to utilize the knowledge of internal R&D and internalize the external knowledge.Design/methodology/approachPanel data analysis with fixed effects is used. The authors conduct hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test the moderating effect of R&D workforce diversity with 10,401 data from Korean manufacturing firms.FindingsThis study finds out that age and education diversity of R&D workforce have positive moderating effects on the relationship between the R&D outsourcing and firm performance. In contrast, internal R&D is negatively associated with firm performance when the age diversity of R&D workforce increases. The results point to the significant role of R&D workforce diversity in R&D unit since firms often use both internal R&D and external R&D.Practical implicationsFor practical implications to be more effective, CEOs and managers of firms should employ differentiated approaches to manage the diversity of R&D workforce based on whether they primarily focus on their internal R&D or utilize external R&D.Originality/valueThis research extends recent efforts to better understand the effect of organizational diversity on the firms’ performance when firms use internal R&D and R&D outsourcing strategy.
Managerial perceptions of cost-system obsolescence and factors that might affect it
Authors: Cengiz Emre , Cengiz Funda , Cavusoglu Muhittin , Cobanoglu Cihan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study aims to report the descriptive statistics of cost-system obsolescence (CSO) in the Turkish hotel industry and contingent factors that affect the CSO.

Design/methodology/approach
To validate the reflective measurement model, first, an exploratory factor analysis in statistical package for social sciences was conducted. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis using maximum likelihood in analysis of moment structures was performed to establish the reliability and validity of the construct measurements.

Findings
The results demonstrate that CSO symptoms did not occur frequently in sample Turkish hotels. Turkish hotels were found to operate in intense competition and a significant relationship between competition intensity (CI) and CSO takes place. The hospitability industry has been perceived as rather uncertain. However, perceived environmental uncertainty (PEU) had no significant effect on CSO, and there was no mediation effect on the relationship between CI and CSO. Turkish hotels were found to perform market-orientated activities at a mediocre level. However, no significant relationship was found between market orientation (MO) and CSO. Additionally, Turkish hotels with decentralized decision-making structures and “prospector-type” strategies were found to have less CSO. On average, Turkish hotels have centralized decision-making structures and pursue “analyzer-type” strategies.

Practical implications
This study contributes to previous literature related to accounting information in the hotel industry. It also aims to give additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, decision-making structures and strategies and their association with CSO.

Originality/value
The study examined CSO in the Turkish hotel industry and factors that affect CSO. The study results provide additional insight into Turkish hotels’ competitive environment, MO activities, hotel structure and strategy. A new model to test CSO was created and validated using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Power loss reduction in timing chain drives by adjusted tensioning and surface structuring
Authors: Sauer Bernd , Krupp Frederik , Becker Andre 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Energy losses in a timing chain drives are caused by friction in chain-rail contacts. To improve the efficiency, the Chair of Machine Elements and Transmission Technology at the University of Kaiserslautern developed various experimental and simulative analysis tools as a part of the German Research Foundation (DFG)-funded 1551 priority program and the DFG Collaborative Research Centre CRC 926. With these tools, various approaches for improving the efficiency were investigated. This paper aims to illustrate the approaches and present the results achieved within the framework of the above-mentioned priority program.

Design/methodology/approach
A towed cylinder head test rig is used for efficiency tests on timing chain drives. In addition to the experiments, a multi-body simulation model of the timing drive was developed and used.

Findings
It was possible to find positive approaches to reduce friction power by adapting the chain tensioning force as required. This was ensured for both the stationary operating points and the transient operating processes. An efficiency improvement of up to 10 per cent could be detected. Furthermore, a possibility was found to improve the frictional power by a targeted lubrication of the chain-rail contact. Here, the efficiency could be improved by 5-6 per cent. In addition, various structures were examined on a microscopic and macroscopic level. Neutral to negative results were achieved here.

Originality/value
This paper makes a contribution to improve the energy efficiency of timing chain drives. Different approaches have been investigated and evaluated.
Robots in special education: reasons for low uptake
Authors: Galvez Trigo Maria Jose , Standen Penelope Jane , Cobb Sue Valerie Gray 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the main reasons for low uptake of robots in special education (SE), obtained from an analysis of previous studies that used robots in the area, and from interviewing SE teachers about the topic.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of 18 studies that used robots in SE was performed, and the conclusions were complemented and compared with the feedback from interviewing 13 SE teachers from Spain and the UK about the reasons they believed caused the low uptake of robots in SE classrooms.

Findings
Five main reasons why SE schools do not normally use robots in their classrooms were identified: the inability to acquire the system due to its price or availability; its difficulty of use; the low range of activities offered; the limited ways of interaction offered; and the inability to use different robots with the same software.

Originality/value
Previous studies focussed on exploring the advantages of using robots to help children with autism spectrum conditions and learning disabilities. This study takes a step further and looks into the reasons why, despite the benefits shown, robots are rarely used in real-life settings after the relevant study ends. The authors also present a potential solution to the issues found: involving end users in the design and development of new systems using a user-centred design approach for all the components, including methods of interaction, learning activities and the most suitable type of robots.
Expatriate time to proficiency: individual antecedents and the moderating effect of home country
Authors: Waxin Marie-France , Brewster Chris , Ashill Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the direct impact of individual variables (cultural openness, social orientation, willingness to communicate, confidence in own technical abilities, active stress resistance, prior international experience) on expatriate time to proficiency (TTP); and the moderating effects of the home country on the relationships between these individual variables and expatriate TTP.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a quantitative, self-administered questionnaire to gather data from assigned expatriates from different countries in India, analysed through partial least squares.FindingsThe findings show that, first, four individual variables, i.e. social orientation, willingness to communicate, confidence in technical abilities and active stress resistance reduce expatriate TTP in the global sample. Second, the individual antecedents of expatriate TTP vary significantly across home countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe results confirm the importance of individual antecedents in explaining expatriate TTP and the importance of context in the study of expatriates’ cross-cultural effectiveness. The authors also propose new, shorter measures for the individual antecedents.Practical implicationsThe practical implications for HRM professionals relate mainly to selection and cross-cultural training. Expatriates may also get a better understanding of the individual and contextual variables that impact their TTP.Originality/valueThe authors show that individual antecedents interact with context, here home country, to predict expatriate TTP in an under-researched host country, India.
Designing a customer-experience-management model for the banking-services sector
Authors: Heshmati Ebrahim , Saeednia Hamidreza , Badizadeh Ali 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to develop an appropriate model for customer-experience management (CEM) for the banking-services sector.Design/methodology/approachThe research method used in this study is qualitative. Techniques used for data collection and data analysis are based on the grounded theory method and include open, axial and selective coding to develop a hierarchical model. Information and data, based initially on concepts in the literature, are gathered as open code through expert interviews with 11 academic and 20 industry experts from Iran. Research data are classified and filtered by micro and macro categories and validated and edited to provide the final model.FindingsThe final model of the study is based on expecting, conceptual and caretaking factors. Micro dimensions and related propositions for the banking industry are also identified.Research limitations/implicationsThe final model should have practical uses in the banking sector, enabling banking managers to successfully incorporate CEM into their strategy by focusing on the key elements.Originality/valueThe development of a model to measure customer experience is an important indicator for performance improvements in the banking industry. This is one of the few papers to propose an appropriate model for CEM for the banking-services sector and the first to do so in an Iranian context.
The role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research
Authors: Hartt Christopher M. , Mills Albert J. , Helms Mills Jean 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to study the role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research through a case study of the trajectory of the New Deal as one of the foremost institutions in the USA since its inception in the early 1930s.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors follow the trajectory of the New Deal through a focus on Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Drawing on ANTi-History, the authors view history as a powerful discourse for organizing understandings of the past and non-corporeal Actants as a key influence on making sense of (past) events.

Findings
The authors conclude that non-corporeal Actants influence the shaping of management and organization studies that serve paradoxically to obfuscate history and its relationship to the past.

Research limitations/implications
The authors drew on a series of published studies of Henry Wallace and archival material in the Roosevelt Library, but the study would benefit from an in-depth analysis of the Wallace archives.

Practical implications
The authors reveal the influences of non-corporeal Actants as a method for dealing with the past. The authors do this through the use of ANTi-History as a method of historical analysis.

Social implications
The past is an important source of understanding of the present and future; this innovative approach increases the potential to understand.

Originality/value
Decisions are often black boxes. Non-Corporeal Actants are a new tool with which to see the underlying inputs of choice.
Non-profit institutions: professionalism, accountability and civic-engagement
Authors: Civitillo Renato 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Non-profit sector management represent a research topic particularly discussed. This work tries to introduce a potential reaction to the need of managerial techniques and instruments to enhance the comprehension of the phenomenon and to accomplish a more powerful management of Non-profit institutions (NPIs).

Design/methodology/approach
The complexity of non-profit sector can be useful for identifying the ideal trajectories of a theoretical model of reference for the management of NPIs.

Findings
The main purpose is to outline a probable path for the evolution of the non-profit sector management (at the macroeconomic level) and of NPIs that are part of it (at the microeconomic level) and whose main dimensions are: professionalization, civic-engagement and accountability/corporate social responsibility.

Originality/value
This research tries to fill the gap existing in the international literature and the relative absence of systemic approaches to the management of NPIs, often focused only on some specific aspects of an extremely complex and multifaceted phenomenon.
Risk assessment for the industrial network based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets
Authors: Ren Chao , Liu Xiaoxing , Zhang Zongqing 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk evaluation method for the industrial network under high uncertain environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces an extended safety and critical effect analysis (SCEA) method, which takes the weight of each industry in a network into risk assessment. Furthermore, expert experience and fuzzy logic are introduced for the evaluation of other parameters.

Findings
The proposed approach not only develops weight as the fifth parameter in quantitative risk assessment but also applies the interval type-2 fuzzy sets to depict the uncertainty in the risk evaluation process. The risk rating of each parameter excluding weight is determined by using the interval type-2 fuzzy numbers. The risk magnitude of each industry in the network is quantified by the extended SCEA method.

Research limitations/implications
There is less study in quantitative risk assessment in the industrial network. Additionally, fuzzy logic and expert experience are expressed in the presented approach. Moreover, different parameters can be determined by different weights in network risk assessment in the future study.

Originality/value
The extended SCEA method presents a new way to measure risk magnitude for industrial networks. The industrial network is developed in risk quantification by assessing weights of nodes as a parameter into the extended SCEA. The interval type-2 fuzzy number is introduced to model the uncertainty of risk assessment and to express the risk evaluation information from experts.
The central roles of embeddedness and engagement in virtual communities
Authors: Chiu Chao-Min , Fu Chia-Yun , Lin Wei-Yu , Chen Chieh-Fan 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a deeper understanding of how to promote members’ beneficial behaviors toward other members and toward the virtual community (VC). The authors extend Rayet al.’s (2014) framework by developing a more precise definition of community embeddedness, and determining how such embeddedness relates to social support and community engagement.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test the proposed research model using data collected from 333 users of online social support communities/groups dedicated to sharing knowledge about pregnancy and child care. Partial least squares is used to analyze the measurement and structural models.FindingsThe study shows that embeddedness and engagement are significant determinants of willingness to help others and willingness to help the community. Embeddedness has a strong, positive effect on engagement. Social support positively affects community identification and embeddedness. However, community identification does not have a significant effect on engagement.Research limitations/implicationsSome of the findings, such as the relative importance of embeddedness in fostering willingness to help the community and the relative importance of engagement in fostering willingness to help others, might not be generalizable to VCs where members join for fun and sharing interests.Practical implicationsAlthough knowledge contributors could self-derive some drivers of embeddedness and engagement, managers or hosts of VCs should develop strategies and mechanisms to provide or enhance the value they add to knowledge sharing and other beneficial behaviors, even though such added value might be largely intangible.Social implicationsSocial support plays an important role in shaping an individual’s embeddedness within a VC. Managers of VCs should develop strategies to stimulate exchanges of support among members.Originality/valueThe authors believe that community embeddedness plays a more important role than engagement in shaping the VC’s success and effectiveness. However, the extant VC literature has indicated a relatively weak understanding of the notion of community embeddedness. This study intends to fill that void.
3D waveform inversion of downhole microseismic data for transversely isotropic media
Authors: Michel Oscar Jarillo , Tsvankin Ilya 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT3D anisotropic waveform inversion could provide high‐resolution velocity models and improved event locations for microseismic surveys. Here we extend our previously developed 2D inversion methodology for microseismic borehole data to 3D transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis. This extension allows us to invert multicomponent data recorded in multiple boreholes and properly account for vertical and lateral heterogeneity. Synthetic examples illustrate the performance of the algorithm for layer‐cake and ‘hydraulically fractured’ (i.e. containing anomalies that simulate hydraulic fractures) models. In both cases, waveform inversion is able to reconstruct the areas which are sufficiently illuminated for the employed source‐receiver geometry. In addition, we evaluate the sensitivity of the algorithm to errors in the source locations and to band‐limited noise in the input displacements. We also present initial inversion results for a microseismic data set acquired during hydraulic fracturing in a shale reservoir.
Noninvasive fetal genotyping in pregnancies at risk for PKU using a comprehensive quantitative cSMART assay for PAH gene mutations: a clinical feasibility study
Authors: Lv W , Li Z , Wei X , Zhu H , Teng Y , Zhou M , Gong Y , Cram DS , Liang D , Han L , Wu L 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of a novel circulating single molecule amplification and re‐sequencing technology (cSMART) method for noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of Phenylketonuria (PKU).DesignBlinded NIPT analysis of pregnancies at high risk for PKU.SettingShanghai Xinhua Hospital and Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, China.PopulationCouples (n = 33) with a child diagnosed with PKU.MethodsTrio testing for pathogenic PAH mutations was performed by Sanger sequencing. In second pregnancies, invasive prenatal diagnosis (IPD) was used to determine fetal genotypes. NIPT was performed using a PAH gene‐specific cSMART assay. Based on the plasma DNA mutation ratio relative to the fetal DNA fraction, fetal genotypes were assigned using a maximum‐likelihood algorithm.Main outcome measuresConcordance of fetal genotyping results between IPD and NIPT, and the sensitivity and specificity of the NIPT assay.ResultsCompared with gold standard IPD results, 32 of 33 fetuses (96.97%) were accurately genotyped by NIPT. The sensitivity and specificity of the NIPT assay was 100.00% (95% CI 59.04–100.00%) and 96.15% (95% CI 80.36–99.90%), respectively.ConclusionsThe novel cSMART assay demonstrated high accuracy for correctly calling fetal genotypes. We propose that this test has useful clinical utility for the rapid screening of high‐risk and low‐risk pregnancies with a known history of PKU on one or both sides of the family.Tweetable abstractNIPT of couples at high risk for PKU using a full‐coverage cSMART PAH gene test.
SPIKEPIPE: A metagenomic pipeline for the accurate quantification of eukaryotic species occurrences and intraspecific abundance change using DNA barcodes or mitogenomes
Authors: Ji Yinqiu , Huotari Tea , Roslin Tomas , Schmidt Niels Martin , Wang Jiaxin , Yu Douglas W. , Ovaskainen Otso 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe accurate quantification of eukaryotic species abundances from bulk samples remains a key challenge for community ecology and environmental biomonitoring. We resolve this challenge by combining shotgun sequencing, mapping to reference DNA barcodes or to mitogenomes, and three correction factors: (a) a percent‐coverage threshold to filter out false positives, (b) an internal‐standard DNA spike‐in to correct for stochasticity during sequencing, and (c) technical replicates to correct for stochasticity across sequencing runs. The SPIKEPIPE pipeline achieves a strikingly high accuracy of intraspecific abundance estimates (in terms of DNA mass) from samples of known composition (mapping to barcodes R2 = .93, mitogenomes R2 = .95) and a high repeatability across environmental‐sample replicates (barcodes R2 = .94, mitogenomes R2 = .93). As proof of concept, we sequence arthropod samples from the High Arctic, systematically collected over 17 years, detecting changes in species richness, species‐specific abundances, and phenology. SPIKEPIPE provides cost‐efficient and reliable quantification of eukaryotic communities.
A homozygous ADAMTS2 nonsense mutation in a Doberman Pinscher dog with Ehlers Danlos syndrome and extreme skin fragility
Authors: Jaffey J. A. , Bullock G. , Teplin E. , Guo J. , Villani N. A. , Mhlanga‐Mutangadura T. , Schnabel R. D. , Cohn L. A. , Johnson G. S. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAn eight‐week old Doberman Pinscher was diagnosed with Ehlers Danlos syndrome based on the dog's hyper‐mobile carpal, tarsal and stifle joints and abnormal skin. The skin was loose and hyper‐elastic with several wounds and large atrophic scars. The dog was euthanized after a severe degloving injury from minimal trauma. A whole‐genome sequence, generated with DNA from the dog's blood, contained a rare, homozygous C‐to‐T transition at position 2408978 on chromosome 11. This transition is predicted to alter the ADAMTS2 transcript (ADAMTS2:c.769C>T) and encode a nonsense mutation (p.Arg257Ter). Biallelic ADAMTS2 mutations have caused a type of Ehlers Danlos syndrome known as dermatosparaxis in other species.