bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Identification and Synthesis of Activated Plasma Thromboplastin Component (PTC')
Authors: SCHIFFMAN SANDRA , RAPAPORT SAMUEL I. , PATCH MARY JANE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. An activated form of PTC (PTC') which incorporates the properties of both native PTC and activated PTA (PTA') has been identified in BaSO4 eluates of intact citrated plasma.
2. PTC' has been synthesized from partially purified reagents in a reaction shown to require only PTA' and native PTC. Calcium ions greatly accelerate this reaction, but PTC' synthesis occurs slowly in their absence.
3. Kinetic and chromatographic analyses have shown that PTA' functions as an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of native PTC to PTC'.
4. On DEAE-cellulose chromatography, PTC and PTC' were found to elute at the same salt concentration.
Subnormal Serum Folate and Macrocytosis Associated with Anticonvulsant Drug Therapy
Authors: KLIPSTEIN FREDERICK A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematologic studies and microbiological assay of serum folate levels with L. casei and serum vitamin B12 concentrations with L. leichmannii were performed on 60 subjects receiving anticonvulsant drug therapy and five epileptics receiving no treatment. Subnormal serum folate levels of less than 5.0 mµg./ml. were observed in 58 per cent of 53 subjects receiving Dilantin and one of seven patients on other anticonvulsant agents. The incidence of subnormal serum folate values was greater in those subjects who had been taking Dilantin for periods of time greater than 5 years, but did not appear to bear any correlation to the dosage of the drug. Slight or moderate macrocytosis was observed in 71 per cent of subjects receiving Dilantin who had subnormal serum folate levels and in 18 per cent of subjects with normal levels. Serum B12 concentrations were within the normal range.
The growth of L. casei was not inhibited by anticonvulsant drugs when added to culture media containing folic acid or serum from patients on Dilantin with normal or low folate concentrations. Folic acid clearance studies were abnormally rapid in three of nine patients studied who were receiving Dilantin.
Possible sites of metabolic inhibition resulting in disturbances in folic acid metabolism during therapy with anticonvulsant medications are discussed.
Protein Metabolism and Erythropoiesis. I. The Anemia of Protein Deprivation
Authors: REISSMANN KURT R. , Dietrich Mary Ruth , Kennedy Myrle Jean 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Protein deprivation in rats resulted in a rapid depression of iron incorporation. The depression reached its maximum within 6 days. Realimentation with protein was followed within 3 days by a return of iron incorporation to normal values.
(2) Red cell mass declined during protein starvation in a linear fashion, indicating a removal of senescent red cells after a life span of 70 days. The increasing severity of the anemia of protein starvation is the cumulative result of this removal in the absence of any significant replacement.
(3) Daily injections of 1.3 units of erythropoietin prevented a decrease in red cell mass over an observation period of 28 days of protein starvation.
(4) Diminished erythropoietin formation or retardation of protein synthesis in erythroid precursors due to lowered substrate concentration are considered as possible causes of erythropoietic depression.
Sickle Cell Anemia with Two Adult Hemoglobins—Hb S and Hb GPhiladelphia/S
Authors: PUGH REGINALD P. , MONICAL THOMAS V. , MINNICH VIRGINIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin studies have been presented on a patient with clinically typical sickle cell anemia who was found to possess two major adult hemoglobins, Hb S and hybrid Hb GPhil./S. Four hemoglobins were demonstrated in his mother, Hb A, GPhil., S and GPhil./S, in somewhat unexpected and as yet unexplained proportions. To our knowledge the propositus represents the first description of an individual with a homozygous β chain defect accompanied by a heterozygous α chain abnormality.
Radiation Protection of Mice with Bone Marrow and Spleen Preserved at Low Temperature Using Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Authors: PERSIDSKY MAXIM D. , RICHARDS VICTOR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The previously reported results11-13 of low-temperature preservation of bone marrow with 10 per cent polyvinylpyrrolidone were re-evaluated on the radiation protection basis. The lethally irradiated mice show 80 per cent recovery after the transplanation of PVP-preserved isologous bone marrow, when compared to the recovery rate of the mice receiving fresh marrow. Slightly higher recovery resulted from the marrow preserved with glycerol. The spleen cells preserved with PVP also induce high recovery in irradiated mice.
The Treatment of Iron-Deficiency Anemia with Intravenous Iron Dextran
Authors: MARCHASIN SIDNEY , WALLERSTEIN RALPH O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron-dextran, in doses up to 3000 mg., was administered intravenously by single injection to 37 patients with iron deficiency and to 8 additional patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. No serious untoward effects were observed. One patient developed chills and mild abdominal cramps 8 hours after injection. Most of the iron could be accounted for in the circulating blood immediately after the injection. Iron was cleared from the plasma slowly for 3 weeks after the administration. Iron-dextran appears to be a safe and well-tolerated intravenous preparation. It is especially useful in the treatment of iron-deficiency in immobilized patients and individuals with small muscle mass.
The Phosphorylated Carbohydrate Intermediates from Erythrocytes in Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: SHAFER A. WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The phosphorylated carbohydrate intermediates of erythrocytes from normal adults and from five patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) were labeled in vitro with P32 orthophosphate and then separated on columns of ion exchange resin.
No qualitative or quantitative differences were found between normal and HS erythrocytes.
The relative specific activity of each phosphate of 2, 3 DPG was the same; whereas the phosphate attached to ribose in ADP and ATP was not labeled. The nucleotides were labeled at a much faster rate than DPG. When the erythrocytes were washed 6 or more times, the specific activity of Pi approached that of DPG. No definite difference was found in the rate of labeling of the intermediates from normal and HS erythrocytes.
Protein Synthesis in Rat Lymphocytes: Radioautographic Studies of Availability and Utilization of Labeled Amino Acids in Vivo
Authors: RIEKE WILLIAM O. , SCHWARZ M. ROY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Injections of H3-methionine and H3-leucine were combined with radiochemical and radioautographic technics to study the availability time of H3-methionine and the protein synthetic ability of rat lymphocytes in vivo.
Although 98.5 per cent of H3-methionine was removed from the serum 5 minutes after injection, sufficient quantities persisted and/or re-entered the serum from tissues to cause increasing grain counts in radioautographs of large lymphocytes for 1 hour after isotope administration. A small amount of additional labeling occurred during the 2nd hour, but it is calculated that labeling is 97-98 per cent complete by 1 hour.
All of the large and medium lymphocytes were labeled in the thymus, lymph node, and thoracic duct lymph at short intervals after injection of 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H3-methionine. Evidence is presented that protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm and that newly formed protein is equally distributed between daughter cells following mitosis. Previous immunochemical studies are combined with information on generation time and disappearance rates of radioactivity to suggest that large and medium lymphocytes are constantly producing and releasing proteins. Large and medium cells in lymph and lymph node are more active in this than are similar cells in the thymus. Evidence of reutilization of labeled metabolites in the lymph node and especially in the thymus is discussed.
Although not all small lymphocytes were labeled by 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H3-methionine, it was shown that larger doses of isotope would label 100 per cent of them. Small lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph evidenced significant turnover of labeled protein during the 1st day after isotope administration.
Reticulin Fibrosis and Bone Infarction in Acute Leukemia. Implications for Prognosis
Authors: KUNDEL DONALD W. , BRECHER GEORGE , BODEY GERALD P. , BRITTIN GEOFFREY M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reticulin fibrosis was found in 21 of 40 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia when marrows were studied sequentially by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies. Reticulin fibrosis frequently occurred early in the development of the disease. Mild degrees were completely reversible with remission, severe degrees usually persisted, even through remissions. Fibrosis appeared to develop during relapse. Duration of the disease in itself had little influence on the degree of reticulin fibrosis, and collagen fibrosis seldom followed reticulin fibrosis even after many months’ duration.
The prognosis of patients with reticulin fibrosis of their marrows was definitely poorer than for the group without increased reticulin. Reticulin fibrosis virtually always prevented successful marrow biopsies by the standard technic of needle aspiration.
Bone necrosis occurred in 11 of 75 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia, but in none of 53 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia studied by Vim-Silverman needle biopsies during life or at autopsy. Bone necrosis was the major cause of severe bone pain and it was always associated with reticulin fibrosis of the marrow. Bone infarcts were not associated with short survival in all cases, but in general the prognosis of patients with bone necrosis was even poorer than that of patients with reticulin fibrosis but without demonstrable infarction.
Chromosome Studies in Normal and Leukemic Rats
Authors: DOWD G. , DUNN K. , MOLONEY WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Adequate chromosome preparations were obtained in 70 per cent of normal rat peripheral blood cell cultures. However, cultures of peripheral blood cells from leukemic rats were almost universally unsuccessful.
2. In x-ray- and 3MCA-induced leukemias direct bone marrow preparations provided adequate metaphases in eight of 12 cases. Failures were attributed in four cases to scanty material obtained from fibrotic marrows.
3. No consistent chromosome abnormalities, such as those reported in human myelogenous leukemia, were found in these leukemic rats. However, the series of cases is small, and species differences and other factors may have influenced the results of these studies.
The Granulocyte Response to Endotoxin in Patients with Hematologic Disorders
Authors: MARSH JOHN C. , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sixty patients with disorders involving the bone marrow were tested with a purified bacterial endotoxin given intravenously. Their leukocyte and granulocyte responses were evaluated based on criteria established in normal individuals and in patients with leukocytosis.
Results in patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, untreated or in relapse, suggest that adequate granulocyte mobilization may still occur if the disease has been of recent onset or if the count has recently started to rise in spite of therapy. Patients in remission demonstrated adequate granulocyte reserves.
Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in this study responded well with an increase in the number of granulocytes. Patients with multiple myeloma as a group showed inadequate granulocyte mobilization.
This study demonstrates that endotoxin testing is useful for the evaluation of bone marrow granulocyte reserves in patients with hematologic disorders.
Thalassemia Intermedia
Authors: PEARSON HOWARD A. , NOYES WARD D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Biochemical, genetic, and clinical studies of two adult Negro brothers with clinical thalassemia intermedia are presented. Their hematologic disease appears to have been caused by interactions of thalassemia with another gene which had no phenotypic expression or was non-allelic to the thalassemia locus. These men had striking differences in the proportions of the minor components Hb A2 and F. It is considered unlikely that these differences were genetically determined. Rather, it is suggested that environmental or individual factors can modify this biochemical expression of thalassemia genes.
Mitotic Indices of Human Bone Marrow Cells. III. Duration of Some Phases of Erythrocytic and Granulocytic Proliferation Computed from Mitotic Indices
Authors: KILLMANN S.-AÅ. , CRONKITE E. P. , FLIEDNER T. M. , BOND V. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Weighted average mitotic time of human bone marrow cells is estimated. Mitotic time is about 0.75 hours in red cell precursors and about 0.58 hours in neutrophil precursors.
2. Estimated weighted average DNA-synthesis time is about 9 hours in red cell precursors and about 24 hours in neutrophil precursors.
3. Upper and lower limits for compartment transit times of proerythroblasts, basophilic normoblasts, polychromatic normoblasts, myeloblasts, promyelocytes and myelocytes are presented (table 2).
4. Total mass of nucleated red cell precursors is estimated at 3.5 x 109/kg. and total mass of neutrophils and their precursors in the marrow at 8.8 x 109/kg.
Microspectrophotometric Studies of Individual Erythrocytes from Thalassemia Patients. I. A Case of Double Heterozygosity for β-Thalassemia and Panglobinopenia?
Authors: MATIOLI GASTONE , ZUCKERKANDL EMILE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Microspectrophotometric hemoglobin determinations on individual red cells from the peripheral circulation of a patient clinically characterized as a case of thalassemia major show the presence of two main cell populations, one normochromic and one hypochromic, with a ratio of total hemoglobin per cell of 2 to 1, a subnormal β-chain production in all cells, at mean levels that are in a ratio of 4 to 1 in the two cell populations, and a strongly stimulated γ-chain production in both cell populations with no bimodality of distribution. The mean cellular content of δ-chain is augmented. The ratios of 2 to 1 for total hemoglobin production is explained on the basis of the hypothesis that the case is one of heterozygosity for a β-thalassemia gene and a panglobinopenia gene with a mosaic condition realized at least in the case of the panglobinopenia gene. "Panglobinopenia" is described as a condition leading to a general inhibition of hemoglobin synthesis, perhaps through an inhibition of heme synthesis. To account for the observed cellular mosaic, it is proposed that panglobinopenia and perhaps thalassemia are examples of the well known phenomenon of variegation. This interpretation is now to be tested by applying the same methods to the study of further cases of thalassemia patients.
Group-C Trisomy in Myeloid Metaplasia with Possible Leukemia
Authors: SANDBERG AVERY A. , ISHIHARA TAKAAKI , CROSSWHITE LOIS H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A chromosomal abnormality in marrow and blood cells has been found in only one patient out of a group of 20 subjects with myeloproliferative disorders other than leukemia. The abnormal karyotypic finding consisted of group C9 trisomy in a patient with myeloid metaplasia and an acute leukemia-like picture and indicates a definite relationship to acute leukemia. The latter has been shown to be not infrequently accompanied by C9 trisomy. The trisomy was accompanied by the presence of a substantial number of hypertetraploid cells in the marrow but not in the cultured blood cells. As a matter of fact, the blood culture yielded predominantly metaphases with 47 chromosomes (C9 trisomy) on the first examination and metaphases with 46 chromosomes and a normal female karyotype on the second occasion. The superiority of bone marrow karyotype analysis over that of blood cells in leukemic states is thus indicated.
Brief Report: Graft-Versus-Host Reaction in F1 Hybrid Mice Injected with Pre-Immunized Parental Thymus Cells
Authors: FIORE-DONATI LUCIANO , CHIECO-BIANCHI LUIGI , DE BENEDICTIS GIUSEPPE , TRIDENTE GIUSEPPE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dissociated thymus cells are capable of initiating graft-versus-host reaction in (C3Hf/Gs x DBA/2)F1 hybrids only when derived from parental donors previously sensitized against the antigens of the other parental strain. The lower immunologic activity of thymus cells as compared with other lymphoid cells is presumably due to quantitative rather than qualitative differences in immunologically competent cells.
Excess Hemolysis in Subjects with Severe Iron Deficiency Anemia Associated and Nonassociated with Hookworm Infection
Authors: LAYRISSE MIGUEL , LINARES JESÚS , ROCHE MARCEL , Ojeda Adelina , Carstens Alvaro , Dugarte Iris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An excess hemolysis was found in subjects with iron deficiency anemia associated with hookworm infection. Red cell survival, measured with Cr51 and DFP32 in the subjects before deworming, showed a marked disproportion between the decrease of the survival and the amount of daily intestinal blood loss in most cases. Excess of hemolysis was still present after more than 90 per cent of the parasites were removed. Red cell survival became normal after correction of anemia through iron treatment. Excess of hemolysis was also present in noninfected subjects with iron deficiency anemia due to other causes.
The reduction in the survival of the erythrocytes from infected subjects transfused into normal recipients shows that the hemolytic process is due to an intrinsic defect of the red cells. The low values of hemoglobinemia and the presence of haptoglobins in the plasma indicate that hemoglobin has not been liberated in excess intravascularly. Finally, the fact that the red cells from an infected patient taken after deworming survived normally in splenectomized recipients indicates that the spleen is probably the principal site of the red cell destruction. The clinical and autopsy findings suggest that splenic function is not pathologically increased, but rather that this organ is acting physiologically at a more rapid rate, "culling" the abnormal circulating red cells and thus leading to a decrease in red cell survival.
The studies presented here also indicate that the hookworm infection per se does not induce hemolysis.
The Course of Experimentally Induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Primaquine-Sensitive Caucasian
Authors: PANNACCIULLI IVO , TIZIANELLO ALBERTO , AJMAR FRANCO , SALVIDIO EMANUELE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two severe hemolytic crises, in a month’s period, were induced by primaquine in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient Sardinian male.
Young red blood cells tagged with Fe59 10 to 16 days earlier were destroyed in the second hemolytic episode.
The implications of these experiments on the nature of drug-induced hemolysis in Caucasians are briefly discussed.
Successful Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplantation in Man: Chimerism, Induced Specific Tolerance and Possible Anti-Leukemic Effects
Authors: MATHÉ G. , AMIEL J. L. , SCHWARZENBERG L. , CATTAN A. , SCHNEIDER M. , DE VRIES M. J. , TUBIANA M. , LALANNE C. , BINET J. L. , PAPIERNIK M. , SEMAN G. , MATSUKURA M. , MERY A. M. , SCHWARZMANN V. , FLAISLER A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the third progressive phase, refractory to the majority of available treatments, was given total-body irradiation of 800 r. dosage, after administration of methyl-nitro-imidazolyl-mercaptopurine (300 mg. daily for 4 days). One week after irradiation, he received an infusion of a mixture of equal parts of bone marrow from six donors (mother, sister, father and three brothers), a total of 5.8 x 1010 nucleated cells.
Myeloid restoration began 2 weeks after the infusion and continued to progress rapidly. The reality of the graft was demonstrated by study of the erythrocytic antigens. Nearly all the erythrocytes found in the blood after 6 months belonged to the phenotype of one of the male donors.
Studies of chromosomes and leukocyte sex chromatin suggested that a small proportion of leukocytes were being produced by the cells of one of the female donors. The patient was found to produce beta 2A, beta 2M and gamma globulins of the Inv type of the donors, suggesting that lymphoid cells may also have been successfully grafted.
A skin graft from the male donor whose marrow graft had apparently been accepted was still perfectly intact 7 months after grafting, whereas the grafts from other donors were rejected, indicating a specific tolerance to tissues from this donor. Previous studies of compatibility between the recipient and the various donors by a histocompatibility test described by us, or by means of similarities in leukocyte antigens, indicated that the accepted donor had been antigenically more nearly compatible than the others.
What appeared to be a secondary syndrome became manifest 1 week after marrow transfusion; it consisted of weight loss, digestive disorders (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), hepatic disturbances (hepatomegaly, increased serum concentrations of various enzymes), transient polyadenopathy (histologically composed of histiocytic proliferation and lymphocytic aplasia), desquamative erythrodermia, eosinophilia exceeding 50 per cent, and superinfection (including a probable miliary tuberculosis). The syndrome was controlled by careful symptomatic treatment; its intensity gradually abated.
Reactivation of the secondary syndrome was accomplished by reinjection of leukocytes from the donor whose graft had been tolerated. This was controlled by Δ-1-cortisone and symptomatic treatment.
The patient was still alive and in apparently complete hematologic remission from the leukemia 12 months after the treatment described above. Particular reasons for this success possibly include the absence of previous blood transfusions and the use of multiple marrow donors.
The Site of Absorption of Co58-Labeled Vitamin B12 in Man
Authors: RØNNOV-JESSEN VAGN , HANSEN JACOB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intestinal intubation was performed with a tri-bore tubing in ten subjects without signs of gastrointestinal disease. After administration of a test meal containing Co58-labeled vitamin B12 and with polyethylene glycol as a marker substance, samples of intestinal juice were collected from the upper, middle and anal thirds of the small intestine.
During the passage of the test dose from the upper to the middle third of the gut a modest, but significant, absorption of about 6 per cent was discovered. During the passage from the middle to the anal third of the intestine a considerably larger absorption took place, on an average of about 25 per cent of the oral dose.
These results agree entirely with those obtained from experiments performed in animals and with clinical observations in man after operations on the small intestine. The most outstanding feature was that, contrary to the generally accepted view, our study seems to indicate that in certain cases the absorption of B12 begins far up in the jejunum. This seemed to be the case in 3 out of 9 experiments. The study throws no light on the cause of this.
Peripheral Leukocyte Infusion into Lethally Irradiated Guinea Pigs
Authors: MALININ THEODORE I. , PERRY VERNON P. , KERBY CAREY C. , DOLAN MICHAEL F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Homologous peripheral blood leukocytes were injected into lethally irradiated guinea pigs. Histologic examination of these showed a rapid recovery of the bone marrow and the lymphatic tissue following an injection of a sufficient number of leukocytes. All control animals died with a hypoplastic bone marrow. Protected animals did not develop "secondary" disease during 9 months of observation.