bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of narrow band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for the differential diagnosis of cancerous and noncancerous laryngeal lesions
Authors: Hosono Hiroshi , Katada Chikatoshi , Okamoto Tabito , Ichinoe Masaaki , Sakamoto Yasutoshi , Matsuba Hiroki , Kano Koichi , Ishido Kenji , Tanabe Satoshi , Koizumi Wasaburo , Yamashita Taku 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the accuracy of endoscopic findings observed by narrow band imaging (NBI) combined with magnifying gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) for the differential diagnosis of cancerous and noncancerous laryngeal lesions.MethodsA total of 166 vocal cord lesions for which good images were obtained on NBI with magnifying GIE were evaluated with respect to the following 6 variables: macroscopic type, tumor location, color, white coat, keratinization, and abnormal microvessels.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that white coat (odds ratio [OR], 2.95, P = 0.05), keratosis (OR, 3.14, P = 0.02) and abnormal microvessels (OR, 31.1, P < 0.0001) were significantly related to laryngeal cancer. In the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of abnormal microvessels were 84.4%, 88.6%, 91%, 80.5%, and 86.1%, respectively.ConclusionThe abnormal microvessels on NBI combined with magnifying GIE are useful for the differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions.
Variability patterns of the annual frequency and timing of low streamflow days across the United States and their linkage to regional and large‐scale climate
Authors: Pournasiri Poshtiri Maryam , Pal Indrani , Lall Upmanu , Naveau Philippe , Towler Erin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLow‐flow events can cause significant impacts to river ecosystems and water‐use sectors; as such, it is important to understand their variability and drivers. In this study, we characterise the variability and timing of annual total frequency of low‐streamflow days across a range of headwater streams within the continental United States. To quantify this, we use a metric that counts the annual number of low‐flow days below a given threshold, defined as the cumulative dry days occurrence (CDO). First, we identify three large clusters of stream gauge locations using a Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithm. In terms of timing, results reveal that for most clusters, the majority of low‐streamflow days occur from the middle of summer until early fall, although several locations in Central and Western United States also experience low‐flow days in cold seasons. Further, we aim to identify the regional climate and larger scale drivers for these low‐streamflow days. Regionally, we find that precipitation deficits largely associate with low‐streamflow days in the Western United States, whereas within the Central and Eastern U.S. clusters, high temperature indicators are also linked to low‐streamflow days. In terms of larger scale, we examine sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, finding that extreme dry years exhibit a high degree of co‐occurrence with different patterns of warmer SST anomalies across the Pacific and Northern Atlantic Oceans. The linkages identified with regional climate and SSTs offer promise towards regional prediction of changing conditions of low‐streamflow events.
Repeated oral dose toxicity study of nickel oxide nanoparticles in Wistar rats: a histological and biochemical perspective
Authors: Dumala Naresh , Mangalampalli Bhanuramya , Kalyan Kamal Sarika Srinivas , Grover Paramjit 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the increasing use of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs), limited information is available on their toxicological effects. Health consequences of 28 days repeated oral exposure to NiO NPs have not been explored thoroughly. Hence, toxicity investigations were performed after 28‐day daily exposure in albino Wistar rats with NiO NPs following Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development test guideline 407. Histopathology, biochemical indices including oxidative stress and biodistribution patterns were evaluated to decipher the toxicological impact of NiO NPs. NiO NP characterization by transmission electron microscopy showed an average size of 12.9 (±3.4) nm. Histological studies depicted a prominent impact on the vital organs of the rats. A dose‐dependent rise in both aminotransferase enzyme values was recorded in the homogenates of liver and kidney tissues. A significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and increase in catalase activity was noted. Further, a dose‐dependent decrease in reduced glutathione content was recorded in rats, which suggested generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Increase in the malondialdehyde levels was observed with an increase in the dose substantiating the antioxidant enzyme activity profiles. Biodistribution studies indicated maximum accumulation of Ni content in liver followed by kidney. Excretion of Ni was predominantly through feces and a little through renal clearance. Our study indicated that NiO NPs adversely alter the biochemical profile of the rats and cause histological damage. Further investigations are warranted to address the mechanism by which physiological path these NiO NPs exhibit their toxic nature in in vivo.
The clinical significance of HOXA9 promoter hypermethylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Chongchang , Li Jinyun , Li Qun , Liu Huigao , Ye Dong , Wu Zhenhua , Shen Zhisen , Deng Hongxia 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe purpose of the current study was to assess the association between HOXA9 (homeobox A9) promoter methylation and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its diagnostic value.MethodsQuantitative methylation‐specific PCR (qMSP) was applied to measure HOXA9 promoter methylation levels in 145 paired HNSCC and corresponding normal tissue samples. Data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 578; 528 HNSCC and 50 normal) were also analyzed.ResultsSignificantly higher levels of HOXA9 promoter methylation were detected in HNSCC, compared with normal, tissues (our cohort: P = 1.06E‐35; TCGA cohort: P = 3.06E‐39). Moreover, HOXA9 methylation was significantly increased in patients with advanced tumor (T) stage, lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stage. Areas under the receiver characteristic curves (AUCs) based on our cohort and TCGA data were 0.930 and 0.967, respectively.ConclusionIn summary, our study reveals that HOXA9 promoter hypermethylation contributes to the risk of HNSCC and its progression and metastasis. Additionally, HOXA9 hypermethylation is a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis and screening of patients with HNSCC.
Exploring genetic counselors’ perceptions of usefulness and intentions to use refined risk models in clinical care based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
Authors: Heinlen Christopher , Hovick Shelly R. , Brock Guy N. , Klamer Brett G. , Toland Amanda Ewart , Senter Leigha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPathogenic germline mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes are associated with an elevated lifetime risk for breast (50%–85% risk) and ovarian cancer (20%–40% risk). Genome‐wide association studies have identified over 100 genetic variants associated with modified breast and/or ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Risk models generated based on these variants have shown that these genetic modifiers strongly influence absolute risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer in BRCA mutation carriers. There is a lack of understanding, however, about the clinical applicability and utility of these risk models. To investigate this gap, we collected survey data from 274 cancer genetic counselors (GCs) through the National Society of Genetic Counselors Cancer Special Interest Group. Questions assessed perceptions of usefulness and intentions of genetic counselors to use these refined risk models in clinical care based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). We found that GCs’ reactions to the estimates were largely positive, though they thought the possibility of changing management based on results was unlikely. Additionally, we found that more experienced GCs were more likely to consider refined risk estimates in clinic. Support also was provided for core predictions within the TAM, whereby the perceived usefulness (indirect effect est. = 0.08, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.13]) and perceived ease of use (indirect effect est. = 0.078, 95% CI: [0.04, 0.13]) of refined risk estimates were indirectly associated with intentions to use via attitudes.
Patients' reactions and follow‐up testing decisions related to Tay‐Sachs (HEXA) variants of uncertain significance results
Authors: Yip Tiffany , Grinzaid Karen A. , Bellcross Cecelia , Moore Reneé H. , Page Patricia Z. , Hardy Melanie W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractJScreen is a national public health initiative based out of Emory University that provides reproductive carrier screening through an online portal and follow‐up genetic counseling services. In 2014, JScreen began reporting to patients variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in the gene that causes Tay‐Sachs disease (HEXA). Genetic counseling was provided to discuss the VUS and patients were offered hexosaminidase A (HEXA) blood enzyme testing to assist with VUS reclassification. To identify patient reactions and factors influencing their follow‐up testing decisions after receiving these results, we conducted a retrospective quantitative study by administering online surveys to 62 patients with HEXA VUSs. Participants who pursued enzyme testing and those who did not both experienced low levels of distress when receiving the VUS results. Perceptions of HEXA carrier status after genetic counseling, decisional conflict levels, plans to have children in the near future, time available to pursue enzyme testing, and eligibility for research were significant factors influencing decision‐making to pursue or not pursue enzyme testing. Genetic counseling played an important role in helping patients understand the VUS and follow‐up testing options. When discussing VUSs with patients, it would be beneficial for genetic counselors to focus on the patient's perception of the VUS, anxiety related to the uncertainty of their results, and follow‐up options, when available.
Gene therapy prevents hepatic tumor initiation in murine glycogen storage disease type Ia at the tumor‐developing stage
Authors: Cho Jun‐Ho , Lee Young Mok , Starost Matthew F. , Mansfield Brian C. , Chou Janice Y. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHepatocellular adenoma/carcinoma (HCA/HCC) is a long‐term complication of glycogen storage disease type‐Ia (GSD‐Ia), which is caused by a deficiency in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC), a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis. Currently, there is no therapy to address HCA/HCC in GSD‐Ia. We have previously shown that a recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vector‐mediated G6PC gene transfer to 2‐week‐old G6pc−/− mice prevents HCA development. However, it remains unclear whether G6PC gene transfer at the tumor developing stage of GSD‐Ia can prevent tumor initiation or abrogate the pre‐existing tumors. Using liver‐specific G6pc‐knockout (L‐G6pc−/−) mice that develop HCA/HCC, we now show that treating the mice at the tumor‐developing stage with rAAV‐G6PC restores hepatic G6Pase‐α expression, normalizes glucose homeostasis, and prevents de novo HCA/HCC development. The rAAV‐G6PC treatment also normalizes defective hepatic autophagy and corrects metabolic abnormalities in the nontumor liver tissues of both tumor‐free and tumor‐bearing mice. However, gene therapy cannot restore G6Pase‐α expression in the HCA/HCC lesions and fails to abrogate any pre‐existing tumors. We show that the expression of 11 β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type‐1 that mediates local glucocorticoid activation is downregulated in HCA/HCC lesions, leading to impairment in glucocorticoid signaling critical for gluconeogenesis activation. This suggests that local glucocorticoid action downregulation in the HCA/HCC lesions may suppress gene therapy mediated G6Pase‐α restoration. Collectively, our data show that rAAV‐mediated gene therapy can prevent de novo HCA/HCC development in L‐G6pc−/− mice at the tumor developing stage, but it cannot reduce any pre‐existing tumor burden.
Automatic image processing pipeline for tracking longitudinal vessel changes in magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Hsu Chih‐Yang , Li Yimei , Han Yuanyuan , Elijovich Lucas , Sabin Noah D. , Abuelem Tarek , Torabi Radmehr , Faught Austin , Hua Chia‐Ho , Klimo Paul , Merchant Thomas E. , Lucas John T. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCerebral vessel diameter changes objectively and automatically derived from longitudinal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) facilitate quantification of vessel changes and further modeling.PurposeTo characterize longitudinal changes in intracranial vessel diameter using time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA.Study TypeRetrospective longitudinal study.Subject PopulationIN all, 112 pediatric patients, aged 9.96 ± 4.59 years, with craniopharyngioma from 2006–2011 scanned annually.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T and 3T TOF MRA.Statistical TestsChi‐square and Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests.AssessmentManual measurements using interventional angiography was established as a reference standard for diameter measurements. Constant and linear quantile regression with absolute difference, percentage difference, and relative difference was used for outlier detection.ResultsMajor vessels surrounding the circle of Willis were successfully segmented except for posterior communicating arteries, mostly due to disease‐related hypoplasia. Diameter measurements were calculated at 1‐mm segments with a median computed vessel diameter of 1.25 mm. Diameter distortion due to registration was within 0.04 mm for 99% of vessel segments. Outlier detection using quantile regression detected less than 4.34% as being outliers. Outliers were more frequent in smaller vessels and proximity to bifurcations (P < 0.001).Data ConclusionUsing the proposed method, objective changes in vessel diameter can be acquired noninvasively from routine longitudinal imaging. High‐throughput analyses of imaging‐derived vascular trees combined with clinical and treatment parameters will allow rigorous modeling of vessel diameter changes.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1063–1074.
Design of 199 to 238 GHz broadband subharmonic mixer combining two‐stage reduced matching technology with Global Design Method
Authors: Cui Jianhang , Zhang Yong , Liu Xiaoyu , Li Yukun , Wu Chengkai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTerahertz technology is widely used in communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, precision guidance, and biomedical applications. In this paper, a 199 to 238 GHz broadband subharmonic mixer combining two‐stage reduced matching technology with Global Design Method is designed, fabricated, measured, and analysed successfully. Compared with traditional single‐stage reduced matching technology and Subdivision Design Method, the two‐stage reduced matching technology is applied for terahertz mixer's Radio Frequency (RF) waveguide and Local Frequency (LO) waveguide, while the LO/Intermediate Frequency (IF) Low‐Pass Filter of terahertz mixers is not necessary to design separately. The core of Global Design Method is that the whole mixer circuit, including LO/RF waveguide, is divided into basic transmission units, which match and filter circuit simultaneously with more optimization variables. When LO driven power is 3.1 mW, LO frequency is 108, 112 GHz. The measured single‐sideband (SSB) conversion loss ranges from 7.84 to 12.4 dB with RF frequency 199 to 238 GHz. The measured double‐sideband (DSB) noise temperature varies between 580 and 1059 K with LO driven power 2 to 5 mW. The multi‐stage reduced matching technology and Global Design Method is general, effective, accurate, can reduce circuit size, simplify circuit structure, broaden frequency band, and can be applied for terahertz harmonically mixers.
Feasibility of late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging to detect ablation lesion gaps in patients undergoing cryoballoon ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mishima Tsuyoshi , Miyamoto Koji , Morita Yoshiaki , Kamakura Tsukasa , Nakajima Kenzaburo , Yamagata Kenichiro , Wada Mitsuru , Ishibashi Kouhei , Inoue Yuko , Nagase Satoshi , Noda Takashi , Aiba Takeshi , Izumi Chisato , Noguchi Teruo , Yasuda Satoshi , Kusano Kengo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE‐MRI) allows the identification of lesions and gaps after a cryothermal balloon (CB) ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF), the accuracy has not yet been well established.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 10 consecutive patients who underwent a second ablation procedure among our cohort of 80 patients who underwent LGE‐MRI after the CB ablation of PAF. LGE‐MRI scar regions were compared with electroanatomical mapping during the second procedure. In the analysis, the unilateral pulmonary vein (PV) antrum was divided into 7 regions.ResultsThe gap characterization analysis was performed in 140 regions around 40 PVs in total. There were 16 LGE‐MRI gaps around 11 PVs (mean 1.6 ± 1.4 gaps/patient) in 7 patients and 14 electrical gaps around 10 PVs in 8 patients (mean 1.4 ± 1.1 gaps/patient). The locations of 13 electrical gaps were well matched to that on the LGE‐MRI, whereas the remaining 1 electrical gap had not been predicted on the LGE‐MRI. Compared to the electrical gaps in the second procedure, the sensitivity and specificity of the LGE‐MRI gaps were 93% (13 LGE‐MRI gaps of 14 electrical gaps) and 98% (123 LGE‐MRI scars out of 126 electrical scars), respectively.ConclusionLGE‐MRI can accurately localize the lesion gaps after CB ablation of PAF.
Auricle shaping using 3D printing and autologous diced cartilage
Authors: Liao Junlin , Chen Yong , Chen Jia , He Bin , Qian Li , Xu Jiaqin , Wang Aijun , Li Qingfeng , Xie Hongju , Zhou Jianda 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo reconstruct the auricle using a porous, hollow, three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed mold and autologous diced cartilage mixed with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP).MethodsMaterialise Magics v20.03 was used to design a 3D, porous, hollow auricle mold. Ten molds were printed by selective laser sintering with polyamide. Cartilage grafts were harvested from one ear of a New Zealand rabbit, and PRP was prepared using 10 mL of auricular blood from the same animal. Ear cartilage was diced into 0.5‐ to 2.0‐mm pieces, weighed, mixed with PRP, and then placed inside the hollow mold. Composite grafts were then implanted into the backs of respective rabbits (n = 10) for 4 months. The shape and composition of the diced cartilage were assessed histologically, and biomechanical testing was used to determine stiffness.ResultsThe 3D‐printed auricle molds were 0.6‐mm thick and showed connectivity between the internal and external surfaces, with round pores of 0.1 to 0.3 cm. After 4 months, the diced cartilage pieces had fused into an auricular shape with high fidelity to the anthropotomy. The weight of the diced cartilage was 5.157 ± 0.230 g (P > 0.05, compared with preoperative). Histological staining showed high chondrocyte viability and the production of collagen II, glycosaminoglycans, and other cartilaginous matrix components. In unrestricted compression tests, auricle stiffness was 0.158 ± 0.187 N/mm, similar to that in humans.ConclusionAuricle grafts were constructed successfully through packing a 3D‐printed, porous, hollow auricle mold with diced cartilage mixed with PRP. The auricle cartilage contained viable chondrocytes, appropriate extracellular matrix components, and good mechanical properties.Levels of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 129:2467–2474, 2019
Postoperative pain and analgesic requirements after septoplasty and rhinoplasty
Authors: Sclafani Anthony P. , Kim Matthew , Kjaer Klaus , Kacker Ashutosh , Tabaee Abtin 
Published: March 2019

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess and define the level of pain after rhinoplasty and septoplasty and to better define the strength and quantity of postoperative opioids needed.Study DesignProspective outcomes research.MethodsTwo groups of patients were enrolled. One group underwent septoplasty with/without turbinate reduction and the other group underwent functional and/or cosmetic rhinoplasty (with/without septoplasty). Patients completed a 15‐day log (daily, beginning on the day of surgery) to record the analgesics used and the daily maximal level of pain using a visual analog scale. Level of pain, number of days of moderate or severe pain, total number of opioid pills used, and total morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) of opioid used were assessed.ResultsPain after septoplasty and rhinoplasty was generally mild. Average pain was moderate through postoperative day (POD) 2 after rhinoplasty and only on POD 0 after septoplasty. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of number of opioid tablets consumed or total MMEs used. Patients undergoing rhinoplasty consumed more acetaminophen than septoplasty‐only patients (7471 ± 1009 vs. 2781 ± 585, P = .0112). Ninety percent of patients would have received adequate analgesia with as few as 11 opioid tablets. All patients had excess opioid at the end of the study period.ConclusionsBoth septoplasty and rhinoplasty are associated with mostly mild pain, and postoperative opioid requirements are quite low. Surgeons can reliably reduce opioid prescription after septoplasty and rhinoplasty to as few as 11 tablets. Reducing opioid prescribing will not adversely affect the patient but will reduce the availability of opioids for misuse or diversion.Level of Evidence2cLaryngoscope, 129:2020–2025, 2019
Quantitative proteomic analysis of dermal papilla from male androgenetic alopecia comparing before and after treatment with low‐level laser therapy
Authors: Panchaprateep Ratchathorn , Pisitkun Trairak , Kalpongnukul Nuttiya 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCurrently, low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been approved as a new treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, it has not been elucidated how LLLT promotes hair growth in vivo.ObjectivesTo investigate the change in protein expression from dermal papilla (DP) tissues in male AGA patients after LLLT treatment using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analysis.MethodsThis is an open‐label, prospective, single‐arm study obtained punch scalp biopsy specimens from patients with AGA before and after LLLT treatment. Each subject was self‐treated with helmet type of LLLT (655 nm, 5 mW) device at home for 25 minutes per treatment every other day for 24 weeks. LC‐MS/MS analysis based on the dimethyl labeling strategy for protein quantification was used to identify proteins expressed in DP tissues from AGA patients.ResultsProteomic analysis revealed 11 statistically significant up‐regulated and 2 down‐regulated proteins in LLLT treated DP compared with baseline (P < 0.05). A bioinformatic analysis signifies that these proteins are involved in several biological processes such as regulation of cellular transcription, protein biosynthesis, cell energy, lipid homeostasis, extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM structural constituent, cell‐cell/cell‐matrix adhesion as well as angiogenesis. ATP‐binding cassette sub‐family G member, a transporter involved in cellular lipid homeostasis, was the most up‐regulated protein. Additionally, LLLT increased the main ECM proteins in DP which results in a bigger volume of DP and a clinical improvement of hair diameter in AGA patients.ConclusionWe identified the proteome set of DP proteins of male patients with AGA treated with LLLT which implicates the role of LLLT in promoting hair growth and reversing of miniaturization process of AGA by enhancing DP cell function. Our results strongly support the benefit of LLLT in the treatment of AGA. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.