bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding barriers to effective management of influenza outbreaks by residential aged care facilities
Authors: Huhtinen Essi , Quinn Emma , Hess Isabel , Najjar Zeina , Gupta Leena 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo identify the perceived barriers to the implementation of the Australian national guidelines on influenza outbreak management with Sydney Local Health District (SLHD) residential aged care facility (RACF) staff.MethodsAll SLHD RACFs were invited to participate in a telephone interview. The questionnaire collected information about demographic characteristics and participants' level of agreement with statements regarding perceived barriers to implementing the national guidelines for influenza outbreak management.ResultsTwenty‐eight of 61 RACFs (46%) participated in the study. The three most common barriers identified were as follows: scepticism towards staff influenza vaccination (n = 13, 46%); the effort required to read the national guidelines (n = 11, 39%); and lack of infrastructure to physically separate residents during an outbreak (n = 10, 36%).ConclusionsWe recommend implementing and evaluating programmes which address misconceptions about influenza vaccination amongst RACF staff. Further, all RACF staff, including care staff, should receive targeted education on the role of infection control in influenza outbreak management.
We need to treat pregnant women as adults
Authors: Dietz Hans P. , Callaghan Sascha 
Published: December 2018

Since the mid‐90s, Australian law has required doctors to disclose material risks of proposed treatment. Medical practitioners have had two decades to adapt, and, by and large, patient autonomy is acknowledged and respected by obtaining ‘informed consent’. While problems with obtaining consent do surface in medico‐legal litigation, practitioners are generally aware of the need to do so and usually comply with requirements. However, not in obstetrics. Here, even if material risk of a serious adverse event in an attempt at vaginal birth in a given case is over 50% (as it would be in the case of a 35‐year‐old primigravida at 41 + 3) obtaining informed consent is the exception rather than the rule. This degree of paternalism is not just unethical and immoral. It is illegal – and it needs to change.
Antiresorptive agents' bone‐protective and adjuvant effects in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer
Authors: Chukir Tariq , Liu Yi , Farooki Azeez 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPotent antiresorptive drugs (bisphosphonate and denosumab) are often used to protect bone health in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. In addition, clinical trials have shown that these drugs increase disease‐free survival, though the mechanism of adjuvant benefit is largely unknown. Here we review the bone health and adjuvant data for both classes of antiresorptive drugs and highlight differences in their pharmacology. Inhibition of bone resorption is vitally important to protect against osteoporotic fractures, and may also contribute to adjuvant survival benefits by making the bone microenvironment less amenable to breast cancer metastasis. After a course of therapy, stoppage of bisphosphonates yields a persistent antiresorptive effect, whereas discontinuation of denosumab causes a rebound increase in bone resorption markers and a loss of bone mineral density to baseline levels. Whether the potential adjuvant benefits of denosumab are also rapidly lost after drug discontinuation deserves further investigation.
Collective Bargaining and the Evolution of Wage Inequality in Italy
Authors: Devicienti Francesco , Fanfani Bernardo , Maida Agata 
Published: December 2018

AbstractItalian male wage inequality has increased at a relatively fast pace from the mid‐1980s until the early 2000s, while it has been persistently flat since then. We analyse this trend, focusing on the period of most rapid growth in pay dispersion. By accounting for worker and firm fixed effects, it is shown that workers' heterogeneity has been a major determinant of increased wage inequalities, while variability in firm wage policies has declined over time. We also show that the growth in pay dispersion has entirely occurred betweenlivelli di inquadramento, that is, job titles defined by national industry‐wide collective bargaining institutions, for which specific minimum wages apply. We conclude that the underlying market forces determining wage inequality have been largely channelled into the tight tracks set by the centralized system of industrial relations.
Distributional patterns of Neotropical seasonally dry forest birds: a biogeographical regionalization
Authors: Prieto‐Torres David A. , Rojas‐Soto Octavio R. , Bonaccorso Elisa , Santiago‐Alarcon Diego , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeotropical seasonally dry forests (NSDFs) are widely distributed and possess high levels of species richness and endemism; however, their biogeography remains only partially understood. Using species distribution modelling and parsimony analysis of endemicity, we analysed the distributional patterns of the NSDF avifauna in order to identify their areas of endemism and provide a better understanding of the historical relationships among those areas. The strict consensus trees revealed 17 areas of endemism for NSDFs, which involve four large regions: Baja California, Caribbean–Antilles islands, Mesoamerica and South America. These well‐resolved clades are circumscribed by geographical and ecological barriers associated with the Gulf of California, the leading edge of the Caribbean plate, the Tehuantepec Isthmus, the Polochic–Motagua fault, the Nicaragua Depression, the Chocó forest, the Amazon basin and the Andean Cordillera. Relationships among groups of NSDFs found here suggest that evolution of their avifauna involved a mixture of vicariance and dispersal events. Our results support the idea of independent diversification patterns and biogeographical processes in each region, including those previously associated with the Pleistocene Arc Hypothesis for NSDFs of south‐eastern South America. This study provides a biogeographical framework to open new lines of research related to the biotic diversification of NSDFs.
Preconditioning of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells by rapamycin increases cell migration and ameliorates liver ischaemia/reperfusion injury in mice via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis
Authors: Zheng Jun , Li Hui , He Liying , Huang Yiming , Cai Jianye , Chen Liang , Zhou Chaorong , Fu Hongyuan , Lu Tongyu , Zhang Yingcai , Yao Jia , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTransfusion of umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC‐MSCs) is a novel strategy for treatment of various liver diseases. However, the therapeutic effect of UC‐MSCs is limited because only a few UC‐MSCs migrate towards the damaged regions. In this study, we observed the effects of autophagy on the migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro and in a model of liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Materials and MethodsWe investigated the effects of autophagy on the status of the cell, release of anti‐inflammatory factors and migration of UC‐MSCs in vitro. The therapeutic effects and in vivo migration of rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs were observed in a C57/B6 mouse model of liver I/R injury.ResultsInduction of autophagy by rapamycin enhanced the ability of UC‐MSCs to migrate and release anti‐inflammatory cytokines as well as increased expression of CXCR4 without affecting cell viability. Inhibition of CXCR4 activation markedly decreased migration of these cells. In a mouse model of liver I/R injury, we found significantly upregulated expression of CXCR12 in the damaged liver. More rapamycin‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs migrated towards the ischaemic regions than 3‐methyladenine‐preconditioned or non‐preconditioned UC‐MSCs, leading to improvement in hepatic performance, pathological changes and levels of inflammatory cytokines. These effects were abolished by AMD3100.ConclusionsPreconditioning of UC‐MSCs by rapamycin afforded increased protection against liver I/R injury by enhancing immunosuppression and strengthening the homing and migratory capacity of these cells via the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis.
Nomenklatur der kutanen Vaskulitiden – deutschsprachige Definitionen des Dermatologischen Anhanges zur Chapel Hill Consensus Conference
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Lamprecht Peter , Mahr Alfred , Metze Dieter , Zelger Bernhard 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungFür die Nomenklatur der Vaskulitiden, also für die Bezeichnungen der einzelnen Formen der Vaskulitis und ihre Definitionen, hat sich das System der Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) interdisziplinär und international durchgesetzt. Da das System keine Details der Gefäßentzündungen an der Haut beinhaltete, ist es kürzlich um einen Zusatz ergänzt worden, der die Nomenklatur der kutanen Vaskulitiden enthält.Mit diesem Artikel legen wir eine deutsche Übersetzung der Begriffe und einzelne Erläuterungen vor. Auf diese Weise sollen die auf interdisziplinärem Konsensus beruhenden Definitionen von deutschsprachigem medizinischen Personal besser im klinischen Alltag angewendet und auf ihre Praktikabilität geprüft werden können.Wenn sich ein Großteil der kutanen Vaskulitiden, die bei Patienten diagnostiziert werden, den Definitionen zuordnen lässt, kann als nächstes damit begonnen werden, unter Verwendung einschlägiger Methoden eine Klassifikation der kutanen Vaskulitiden und diagnostische Algorithmen zu entwickeln.
Complex elevational shifts in a tropical lowland moth community following a decade of climate change
Authors: Cheng Wenda , Kendrick Roger C. , Guo Fengyi , Xing Shuang , Tingley Morgan W. , Bonebrake Timothy C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimClimate change is driving many species towards higher latitudes and higher elevations. However, empirical studies documenting these changes have largely focused on presence/absence based range shifts in temperate regions. Studies in lowland tropical ecosystems that control for detection probabilities are especially lacking.LocationHong Kong SAR, China.MethodsBy analysing a 15‐year trapping dataset of geometrid moths along a lowland elevation gradient (0–600 m) in Hong Kong, we used multiple metrics and approaches to estimate occurrence shifts with elevation, changes to range limits, and community‐wide shifts in elevation. Our approaches used Bayesian occupancy models to account for false absences, which may bias naïve measures of range shifts over time.ResultsOver the study period, we detected only subtle changes in forest cover but a notable increase in maximum temperatures (~0.5°C per decade) and extreme weather events. Of geometrid moths, one out of the 123 examined species exhibited increased occurrence probabilities across all elevations after accounting for uncertainty in detection; all other species exhibited no significant change in occupancy with elevation. However, at least two species became newly established in Hong Kong over the decade, and 32 species showed significant elevational shifts in lower or upper range limits. At the community level, geometrid moths showed a noticeable upslope shift at all but one of the examined sites.Main conclusionsThe complex patterns observed highlight the difficulties and limitations in detecting climate change impacts on diverse tropical communities. Our conservative results indicate early responses of tropical species over a relatively short timespan to a decade of environmental change, and the necessity of long‐term monitoring for providing insights into the management and conservation of vulnerable species.
Spatial conservation prioritization for the East Asian islands: A balanced representation of multitaxon biogeography in a protected area network
Authors: Lehtomäki Joona , Kusumoto Buntarou , Shiono Takayuki , Tanaka Takayuki , Kubota Yasuhiro , Moilanen Atte 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimOn the basis of multitaxon biogeographical processes related to region‐specific geohistory and palaeoclimate, we identified a balanced and area‐effective protected area network (PAN) expansion in the East Asian islands, a global biodiversity hotspot.LocationJapanese archipelago, Ryukyu archipelago and Izu‐Bonin oceanic islands.MethodsWe modelled the distributions of 6,325 species (amphibians, birds, freshwater fish, mammals, plants and reptiles) using 4,389,489 occurrence data points. We then applied the Zonation software for spatial conservation prioritization. First, we identified environmental drivers underpinning taxon‐specific biodiversity patterns. Second, we analysed each taxon individually to understand baseline priority patterns. Third, we combined all taxa into an inclusive analysis to identify the most important PAN expansions.ResultsBiodiversity patterns were well explained by geographical factors (climate, habitat stability, isolation and area), but their explanatory power differed between the taxa. There was remarkably little overlap between priority areas for the individual higher taxa. The inclusive prioritization analysis across all taxa identified priority regions, in particular in southern subtropical and mountainous areas. Expanding the PAN up to 17% would cover most of the ranges for rare and/or restricted‐range species. On average, approximately 30% of the ranges of all species could be covered by the 17% expansion identified here.Main conclusionsOur analyses identified top candidates for the expansion of Japan's protected area network. Taxon‐specific prioritization was informative for understanding the conservation priority patterns of different taxa associated with unique biogeographical processes. For the basis of PAN expansion, we recommend multi‐taxon prioritization as an area‐efficient compromise that reflects taxon‐specific priority patterns. Spatial prioritization across multiple taxa provides a promising start for the development of conservation plans with the aim of long‐term persistence of biodiversity on the East Asian islands.
Cardiac metabolic modulation upon low‐carbohydrate low‐protein ketogenic diet in diabetic rats studied in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate, butyrate and acetoacetate probes
Authors: Abdurrachim Desiree , Teo Xing Qi , Woo Chern Chiuh , Ong Sing Yee , Salleh Nurul Farhana , Lalic Janise , Tan Ru‐San , Lee Philip Teck Hock 
Published: December 2018

AimTo investigate the effects of long‐term low‐carbohydrate low‐protein ketogenic diet (KD) on cardiac metabolism and diabetic cardiomyopathy status in lean diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats.Materials and MethodsDiabetic GK rats were fed with KD for 62 weeks. Cardiac function and metabolism were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging and 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C‐MRS), at rest and under dobutamine stress. 13C‐MRS was performed following injection of hyperpolarized [3‐13C]acetoacetate, [1‐13C]butyrate or [1‐13C]pyruvate to assess ketone body, short‐chain fatty acid or glucose utilization, respectively. Protein expression and cardiomyocyte structure were determined via Western blotting and histology, respectively.ResultsKD lowered blood glucose, triglyceride and insulin levels while increasing blood ketone body levels. In KD‐fed diabetic rats, myocardial ketone body and glucose oxidation were lower than in chow‐fed diabetic rats, while myocardial glycolysis and short‐chain fatty acid oxidation were unaltered. Dobutamine stress revealed an increased cardiac preload and reduced cardiac compliance in KD‐fed diabetic rats. Dobutamine‐induced stimulation of myocardial glycolysis was more enhanced in KD‐fed diabetic rats than in chow‐fed diabetic rats, which was potentially facilitated via an upregulation in basal expression of proteins involved in glucose transport and glycolysis in the hearts of KD‐fed rats. The metabolic profile induced by KD was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy, a trend for increased myocardial lipid and collagen content, and an increased marker of oxidative stress.ConclusionKD seems to exacerbate diabetic cardiomyopathy in GK rats, which may be associated with maladaptive cardiac metabolic modulation and lipotoxicity.
The use of data mining to classify Carménère and Merlot wines from Chile
Authors: da Costa Nattane Luíza , Llobodanin Laura Andrea García , Castro Inar Alves , Barbosa Rommel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe identity of the Carménère variety was lost in Chile and regarded as a Merlot grape. This grape disappeared in Bordeaux, France, the country of origin of the grape, because of the phylloxera plague. In the present paper, a study on the classification of Chilean Carménère and Merlot wine samples based on chemical parameters was carried out. A total of 64 samples were analysed, and 20 chemical parameters were determined. Forty‐five samples were labelled as “Carménère” and 19 samples as “Merlot” according to the wine label. The samples were preprocessed with sampling algorithms to double the number of Merlot samples to 38 and reduce the Carménère samples to 38. The dataset was analysed with the data mining techniques support vector machines and correlation‐based feature selection. The capability of classifying the samples with all 20 chemical parameters was 86.8% accurate, and when using only the variables a*, total anthocyanins, cyan‐3‐glu, malv‐3‐acetylglu, peon‐3‐acetylglu, and vitisin A, which were selected through correlation‐based feature selection, accuracy increased to 93.4%. Therefore, wine anthocyanins and the parameter a* of wine colour proved useful to discriminate the wines.
Diurnal variation in freshwater ecoacoustics: Implications for site‐level sampling design
Authors: Linke Simon , Decker Emilia , Gifford Toby , Desjonquères Camille 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Ecoacoustic methods are increasingly used to monitor the state of populations and ecosystems. In freshwater environments, they present the clear advantages of being non‐invasive, reducing bias, and providing continuous observations instead of only limited sampling snapshots in time. However, similar to standard bioassessment methods, temporal variation and choice of indicators can greatly influence ecoacoustic assessments, highlighting the importance of sampling and analysis design.

In this study, we quantified diurnal variation in underwater sound and its effect on sampling regimes for two waterholes in the Einasleigh River, Northern Australia. Recording continuously for 6 days, and subsampling 5 s every 10 min, we found 22 distinct sounds that were emitted by fish, Hemiptera and Coleoptera as well as another 22 of abiotic or unknown origin.

Through rarefaction analyses, we found that subsampling the data to 60% of the recorded sound events resulted in capture of most of the 44 identified sound types. Temporal heterogeneity—patchy sound events through time—needs to be considered when maximising detected sound events. Reducing the sampling interval from every 10 min to half‐hourly or hourly had a much greater effect on capturing all sound types compared to the number of days recorded or the length of the recording. Overall, only 10–20% of the sound events need to be annotated for most sound types to be described; for example, restricting analysis of the days recorded to only three and the recording interval to 0.5–1 s. Acoustic indices were dominated by three main event types—a diurnally flowing creek, a nocturnal chorus of Hemiptera, as well as a dawn chorus of terapontid fishes.

We conclude with two key messages: First, a select group of informative signals can be monitored using very simple methods—namely, converting an audio stream into indices using freely available software. Second, however, to detect less acoustically dominant sound events, manual annotation or single call processing will still be needed. While these findings are encouraging, similar analysis will need to be conducted within other freshwater ecosystems before general conclusions about optimal sampling regimes can be drawn.
THE COMPOSITOR'S REVERSAL: TYPOGRAPHY, SCIENCE, AND CREATION IN POE'S NARRATIVE OF ARTHUR GORDON PYM
Authors: TRESCH JOHN 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTKnown for his tales of mystery and horror, Edgar Allan Poe (1809–49) was a meticulous, self‐conscious literary craftsman. He was also skilled in the methods of science, engineering, and typesetting. Poe's writing reflected on printed letters’ aesthetic effects, their ability to direct and divert meaning, and their power to build and alter worlds. In the printer's office, a limited set of material elements was manipulated to assemble infinite combinations; lining up letters in the composing stick in reverse, compositors had to arrange and read type backwards. The mirrors, doubles, and “weird symmetry” that structure Poe's plots and his theory of the universe can be traced back to these central facts of nineteenth‐century typography. In his only completed novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket—a broad canvas on which he worked out strategies later deployed in more concentrated works—typography was a crucial site for the conversions and exchanges between spirit and matter. Forging connections between the material and imaginative practice of “composition” and the cosmological uncertainties of the antebellum US, Poe's meditations on the transmutations effected by type linked literary invention, technical construction, and divine creation.
REFLECTIONS ON TEMPORAL PERSPECTIVE: THE USE AND ABUSE OF HINDSIGHT
Authors: CARR DAVID 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this article I focus on the temporal aspects of the historian's situation: being in the present and representing the past. Writing is a time‐bound process. It is in this context that the notion of temporal perspective arises. What follows is a series of reflections, variations on the theme, perhaps, of temporal perspective as it figures in historical writing. The concept of hindsight figures prominently in these reflections. I also deal with examples of superimposed chronology that sometimes result from temporal perspective. My reflections avoid grand conclusions about time and history. I hope they may instead cast some modest light on the issues.