bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does work and family imbalance impact the satisfaction of police force employees? A “net or a web” model
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Islam Talat 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of work–family conflict (WFC) and family–work conflict (FWC) on the level of job satisfaction for the police force employees, considering organizational and community embeddedness as the two moderators.Design/methodology/approachA convenience-based sample of 345 employees working in the capital city police force was collected using a questionnaire-based survey.FindingsA negative association was found between WFC and the employees’ job satisfaction, and both organizational and community embeddedness were found to moderate these associations.Research limitations/implicationsThe study suggests policymakers to develop HR strategies to mitigate work and family imbalances in order to enhance job satisfaction among the police force employees.Practical implicationsPractically, this study contributes by suggesting flexible working hours and reducing the workload of the police force.Originality/valueThis study highlights the importance of the effects of community and organizational embeddedness on the associations between inter-role conflicts and job satisfaction among police force employees. The study adds to the limited literature on the constructs of WFC and FWC to elucidate the moderating role of embeddedness.
Emotional self-efficacy and psychological health of police officers
Authors: Emeriau-Farges Clémence Violette , Deschênes Andrée-Ann , Dussault Marc 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe evaluation of emotional management in police environments has impacts on their health and on their interventions (Monier, 2014; Van Hoorebeke, 2003). There are significant costs related to occupational diseases in the police force: absenteeism, turnover, deterioration of the work climate (Al Ali et al., 2012). Considering that policing involves a high level of emotional control and management (Monier, 2014; Al Ali et al., 2012; Dar, 2011) and that no study has yet examined the relationship between police officers’ emotional competencies and their psychological health at work (PHW), the purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship and influence of emotional self-efficacy (ESE) on PHW in policing.Design/methodology/approachPHW results from psychological distress at work (PDW) (irritability, anxiety, disengagement) and psychological well-being at work (PWBW) (social harmony, serenity and commitment at work) (Gilbertet al., 2011). ESE is defined as the individual’s belief in his or her own emotional skills and effectiveness in producing desired results (Bandura, 1997), conceptualized through seven emotional skills: the use of emotions; the perception of one’s own emotions and that of others; the understanding of one’s emotions and that of others; and the management of one’s emotions and that of others (Deschênes et al., 2016). A correlational estimate was used with a sample of 990 employed police officers, 26 percent of whom were under 34 years of age and 74 percent over 35. The ESE scales (a=0.97) of Deschênes et al. (2018) and Gilbertet al.(2011) on PWBW (a=0.91) and PDW (a=0.94) are used to measure the concepts under study.FindingsThe results of the regression analyses confirm links between police officers’ emotional skills and PHW. The results show that self-efficacy in managing emotions, self-efficacy in managing emotions that others feel, self-efficacy in using emotions and self-efficacy in understanding emotions partially explain PWBW (R2=0.30,p<0.001). On the other hand, self-efficacy in perceiving the emotions that others feel, self-efficacy in using emotions and self-efficacy in managing emotions partially explain PDW (R2=0.30,p<0.001).Originality/valueThis study provided an understanding of the correlation between police officers’ feelings of ESE and their PHW, particularly with PWBW. Beyond the innovation and theoretical contribution of such a study on the police environment, the results reveal the scope of the consideration of emotional skills in this profession.
Diverse anaerobic methane‐ and multi‐carbon alkane‐metabolizing archaea coexist and show activity in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediment
Authors: Wang Yinzhao , Feng Xiaoyuan , Natarajan Vengadesh Perumal , Xiao Xiang , Wang Fengping 
Published: February 2019

SummaryAnaerobic oxidation of methane greatly contributes to global carbon cycling, yet the anaerobic oxidation of non‐methane alkanes by archaea was only recently detected in lab enrichments. The distribution and activity of these archaea in natural environments are not yet reported and understood. Here, a combination of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches was utilized to understand the ecological roles and metabolic potentials of methyl‐coenzyme M reductase (MCR)‐based alkane oxidizing (MAO) archaea in Guaymas Basin sediments. Diverse MAO archaea, including multi‐carbon alkane oxidizer Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum spp., anaerobic methane oxidizing archaea ANME‐1 and ANME‐2c as well as sulfate‐reducing bacteria HotSeep‐1 and Seep‐SRB2 that potentially involved in MAO processes, coexisted and showed activity in Guaymas Basin sediments. High‐quality genomic bins of Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum spp., ANME‐1 and ANME‐2c were retrieved. They all contain and expressed mcr genes and genes in Wood–Ljungdahl pathway for the complete oxidation from alkane to CO2 in local environment, while Ca. Syntrophoarchaeum spp. also possess beta‐oxidation genes for multi‐carbon alkane degradation. A global survey of potential multi‐carbon alkane metabolism archaea shows that they are usually present in organic rich environments but are not limit to hydrothermal or marine ecosystems. Our study provided new insights into ecological and metabolic potentials of MAO archaea in natural environments.
Sudden Death Due to Primary Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Duan Yijie , Luan Hanghang , Yang Yi , Li Wenhe , Zhang Lin , Liu Qian , Zhou Yiwu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrimary intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) is a rare type of stroke defined as bleeding within the ventricles of the brain without any associated parenchymal hemorrhage. Here, we reported two cases of sudden death due to PIVH. One of the patients was found dead under a highway bridge without witnesses, and the other patient was hospitalized with hemorrhage in the ventricular system, as revealed by a head computed tomography scan. In these two patients, autopsy and macroscopic examination only showed hemorrhages in the ventricular system without any traumatic brain injury or other intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The sources of bleeding for both patients were ultimately confirmed as ruptured brain arteriovenous malformations located in the subventricular zone. We reported these cases to broaden our understanding of sudden death associated with PIVH, especially when caused by brain arteriovenous malformation. We also summarized the essential details of the diagnoses and available technical methods for PIVH cases.
Stimulation of Smithella‐dominating propionate oxidation in a sediment enrichment by magnetite and carbon nanotubes
Authors: Xia Xingxuan , Zhang Jianchao , Song Tianze , Lu Yahai 
Published: February 2019

SummaryRecent studies have shown that application of conductive materials including magnetite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can promote the methanogenic decomposition of short‐chain fatty acids and even more complex organic matter in anaerobic digesters and natural habitats. The linkage to microbial identity and the mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we evaluate the effects of nanoscale magnetite (nanoFe3O4) and multiwalled CNTs on the syntrophic oxidation of propionate in an enrichment obtained from lake sediment. The microbial populations were composed mainly of Smithella, Syntrophomonas, Methanosaeta, Methanosarcina and Methanoregula. In addition to acetate, butyrate was transiently accumulated indicating that propionate was oxidized by Smithella via the dismutation pathway and part of the leaked butyrate was oxidized by Syntrophomonas. Propionate oxidation and CH4 production were significantly accelerated in the presence of nanoFe3O4 and CNTs. While propionate oxidation was suppressed upon H2 application and suspended completely upon formate application in the control, this suppressive effect was substantially compromised in the presence of nanoFe3O4 and CNTs. The tests on hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis of a pure culture methanogen and of the enrichment culture without propionate showed negative effect by both materials. The positive effect of nanoFe3O4 disappeared when it was insulated by surface‐coating with silica. Observations made with fluorescence in situ hybridization and scanning electron microscope indicated the extensive formation of microbial cell‐conductive material mixture aggregates. Our results suggest that direct interspecies electron transfer is likely activated by the conductive materials and operates in concert with H2/formate‐dependent electron transfer for syntrophic propionate oxidation in the sediment enrichment.
The role of 6‐acetylmorphine in heroin‐induced reward and locomotor sensitization in mice
Authors: Kvello Anne Marte Sjursen , Andersen Jannike Mørch , Boix Fernando , Mørland Jørg , Bogen Inger Lise 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that heroin's first metabolite, 6‐acetylmorphine (6‐AM), is an important mediator of heroin's acute effects. However, the significance of 6‐AM to the rewarding properties of heroin still remains unknown. The present study therefore aimed to examine the contribution of 6‐AM to heroin‐induced reward and locomotor sensitization. Mice were tested for conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by equimolar doses of heroin or 6‐AM (1.25‐5 μmol/kg). Psychomotor activity was recorded during the CPP conditioning sessions for assessment of drug‐induced locomotor sensitization. The contribution of 6‐AM to heroin reward and locomotor sensitization was further examined by pretreating mice with a 6‐AM specific antibody (anti–6‐AM mAb) 24 hours prior to the CPP procedure. Both heroin and 6‐AM induced CPP in mice, but heroin generated twice as high CPP scores compared with 6‐AM. Locomotor sensitization was expressed after repeated exposure to 2.5 and 5 μmol/kg heroin or 6‐AM, but not after 1.25 μmol/kg, and we found no correlation between the expression of CPP and the magnitude of locomotor sensitization for either opioid. Pretreatment with anti–6‐AM mAb suppressed both heroin‐induced and 6‐AM–induced CPP and locomotor sensitization. These findings provide evidence that 6‐AM is essential for the rewarding and sensitizing properties of heroin; however, heroin caused stronger reward compared with 6‐AM. This may be explained by the higher lipophilicity of heroin, providing more efficient drug transfer to the brain, ensuring rapid increase in the brain 6‐AM concentration.
Legal and ethical implications of defining an optimum means of achieving unconsciousness in assisted dying
Authors: Sinmyee S. , Pandit V. J. , Pascual J. M. , Dahan A. , Heidegger T. , Kreienbühl G. , Lubarsky D. A. , Pandit J. J. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA decision by a society to sanction assisted dying in any form should logically go hand‐in‐hand with defining the acceptable method(s). Assisted dying is legal in several countries and we have reviewed the methods commonly used, contrasting these with an analysis of capital punishment in the USA. We expected that, since a common humane aim is to achieve unconsciousness at the point of death, which then occurs rapidly without pain or distress, there might be a single technique being used. However, the considerable heterogeneity in methods suggests that an optimum method of achieving unconsciousness remains undefined. In voluntary assisted dying (in some US states and European countries), the common method to induce unconsciousness appears to be self‐administered barbiturate ingestion, with death resulting slowly from asphyxia due to cardiorespiratory depression. Physician‐administered injections (a combination of general anaesthetic and neuromuscular blockade) are an option in Dutch guidelines. Hypoxic methods involving helium rebreathing have also been reported. The method of capital punishment (USA) resembles the Dutch injection technique, but specific drugs, doses and monitoring employed vary. However, for all these forms of assisted dying, there appears to be a relatively high incidence of vomiting (up to 10%), prolongation of death (up to 7 days), and re‐awakening from coma (up to 4%), constituting failure of unconsciousness. This raises a concern that some deaths may be inhumane, and we have used lessons from the most recent studies of accidental awareness during anaesthesia to describe an optimal means that could better achieve unconsciousness. We found that the very act of defining an ‘optimum’ itself has important implications for ethics and the law.
Epistemology, Moral Philosophy and Optimism: A Comparative Analysis Between Managers and their Subordinates
Authors: Rawwas Mohammed Y.A. , Hammoud Hadi Abdul‐Rahman , Iyer Karthik N.S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe process of making ethical judgments is much more complex than studying only personal moral philosophy variables (idealism and relativism). The renewed interest in epistemic values (virtue and vice epistemology) in contemporary philosophy has shown significant relevance to understanding ethical behavior and such values may be better predictors than studying only idealism and relativism. The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine employees’ personal moral philosophies, optimism, epistemic values, and various organizational unethical practices as compared to their managers. We used Rawwas’ items of epistemology in this study. The sample consisted of 262 managers and employees. The results revealed that managers were more sensitive to organizational unethical practices, scored less on epistemic vices, less on absolutism, and more on exceptionalism than employees were. However, there was no difference between managers and employees related to moderate and minor unethical organizational practices, situationism, subjectivism, optimism, and epistemic virtues. We provided discussion of the results and implications.
The Role of Motor Competences in Predicting Working Memory Maintenance and Preparatory Processing
Authors: Ludyga Sebastian , Mücke Manuel , Kamijo Keita , Andrä Christian , Pühse Uwe , Gerber Markus , Herrmann Christian 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the study was the examination of the longitudinal association between motor competences and changes in preparatory processing during a task requiring working memory maintenance. At baseline, 52 Caucasian children aged 10–12 years completed the MOBAK‐5 test battery and a Sternberg task, whereas the cue‐P300 and the initial contingent negative variation (iCNV) were recorded via electroencephalography. After 9 months, the Sternberg task was administered again to assess changes in these neurophysiological indices and behavioral performance. Path analyses revealed that motor competences predicted the change in cue‐P300 and iCNV from baseline to follow‐up. The present findings indicate that the cognitive control strategy during a task demanding working memory maintenance changes as a function of children's baseline motor competences.
A new preventive intervention for children of substance‐abusing parents: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bröning Sonja , Sack Peter‐Michael , Haevelmann Andrea , Wartberg Lutz , Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael , Thomasius Rainer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChildren of substance‐abusing parents (COS) are at risk for developing psychosocial problems. We evaluated the effectiveness of the manualized, 9‐session psycho‐educational preventive intervention “TRAMPOLINE” (PE) for 8–12‐year‐old COS compared with a non‐educational “fun and play” group (NE) of equal length delivered by social workers in 27 German counselling centres. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare PE (n = 130) and NE (n = 88) outcomes at baseline, post intervention, and 6‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes were related to stress and coping; secondary were also examined. Analyses were conducted using baseline‐adjusted repeated measures linear mixed models. Five outcomes revealed improvements both in PE and NE, four of which were more pronounced in PE, and one more pronounced in NE. Small but significant group differences in favour of PE were found in “social isolation” and “addiction‐related knowledge.” Children from both groups reported reduced mental distress, reduced avoidance in coping with family stress, improved self‐perceived autonomy, and a better parent–child relationship. No changes were observed in self‐efficacy, physical stress symptoms, and in other health‐related quality of life aspects. TRAMPOLINE can instill positive changes in COS by reducing mental distress and social isolation.
Permanent pacemaker implantation after pediatric heart transplantation: Risk factors, indications, and outcomes
Authors: Mahmood Adil , Andrews Rachel , Fenton Matthew , Morrison Alanna , Mangat Jasveer , Davies Ben , Burch Michael , Simmonds Jacob 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPermanent pacemaker (PPM) placement in adults following orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) has been well documented. However, studies concerning the need for PPM implantation in pediatric heart transplant recipients are less common.MethodsInstitutional transplant and pacing databases as well as patient medical records were reviewed for all pediatric patients undergoing OHT (n = 314; all with bicaval connection) at our institution between January 2000 and March 2018.ResultsA total of 16 patients (5.1%) were implanted with a pacemaker after transplantation. Donor age was the only significant risk factor for post‐transplant PPM implantation, with a median age of 28.5 years (7.0‐49.0) in the pacing group vs 15.5 years (0.4‐56.0) in the non‐pacing group (P = 0.009). Indication for pacemaker insertion was more often complete heart block (CHB) (12/16, 75%) than sinus node dysfunction (SND) (4/16, 25%). There was no significant difference in mortality between recipients who received a PPM and those who did not (log‐rank test; P = 0.345).ConclusionsIncreasing donor age is associated with increased PPM placement following pediatric heart transplantation. Interestingly, a high proportion of CHB patients recovered sinus rhythm, and long‐term outcomes for paced patients are similar to other heart transplant recipients.
Vertebral evolution and ontogenetic allometry: The developmental basis of extreme body shape divergence in microcephalic sea snakes
Authors: Sherratt Emma , Coutts Felicity J. , Rasmussen Arne R. , Sanders Kate L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSnakes exhibit a diverse array of body shapes despite their characteristically simplified morphology. The most extreme shape changes along the precloacal axis are seen in fully aquatic sea snakes (Hydrophiinae): “microcephalic” sea snakes have tiny heads and dramatically reduced forebody girths that can be less than a third of the hindbody girth. This morphology has evolved repeatedly in sea snakes that specialize in hunting eels in burrows, but its developmental basis has not previously been examined. Here, we infer the developmental mechanisms underlying body shape changes in sea snakes by examining evolutionary patterns of changes in vertebral number and postnatal ontogenetic growth. Our results show that microcephalic species develop their characteristic shape via changes in both the embryonic and postnatal stages. Ontogenetic changes cause the hindbodies of microcephalic species to reach greater sizes relative to their forebodies in adulthood, suggesting heterochronic shifts that may be linked to homeotic effects (axial regionalization). However, microcephalic species also have greater numbers of vertebrae, especially in their forebodies, indicating that somitogenetic effects also contribute to evolutionary changes in body shape. Our findings highlight sea snakes as an excellent system for studying the development of segment number and regional identity in the snake precloacal axial skeleton.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide in the testis of the quailCoturnix coturnix: Expression, localization, and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Prisco Marina , Rosati Luigi , Agnese Marisa , Aceto Serena , Andreuccetti Piero , Valiante Salvatore 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo evaluate the involvement of pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP)/receptors system in the control of testis activity, we have investigated the expression and localization of PACAP and the distribution of its receptors in the testis of mature samples of quailCoturnix coturnix, and we have performed a phylogenetic analysis of PACAP in birds. Using histological, molecular, and bioinformatics tools, we demonstrated that (a)PACAPmessenger RNA shows a high sequence identity with that reported in other birds studied so far and in other vertebrates. Furthermore, we showed that purifying selection acts on PACAP; (b) the PACAP peptide is present only in Leydig cells, whereas its receptors are localized within both Leydig and germ cells; (c) the synthesis of PACAP does not take place in seminiferous tubules. The role of PACAP in the control of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in birds is discussed. Finally, we talk about the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between PACAP in birds and in other vertebrates.
Response to antiseizure medications in neonates with acute symptomatic seizures
Authors: Glass Hannah C. , Soul Janet S. , Chu Catherine J. , Massey Shavonne L. , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Chang Taeun , Cilio Maria Roberta , Bonifacio Sonia L. , Abend Nicholas S. , Thomas Cameron , Lemmon Monica , McCulloch Charles E. , Shellhaas Renée A. ,   the Neonatal Seizure Registry study group
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn a prospective cohort of 534 neonates with acute symptomatic seizures, 66% had incomplete response to the initial loading dose of antiseizure medication (ASM). Treatment response did not differ by gestational age, sex, medication, or dose. The risk of incomplete response was highest for seizures due to intracranial hemorrhage and lowest for hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy, although the difference was not significant after adjusting for high seizure burden and therapeutic hypothermia treatment. Future trial design may test ASMs in neonates with all acute symptomatic seizure etiologies and could target neonates with seizures refractory to an initial ASM.