bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dental visiting and missing teeth: Estimation using propensity score adjustment
Authors: Bhat Meghashyam , Do Loc G. , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the association between dental visiting and missing teeth using propensity score (PS) adjustment to control for confounding bias, and to compare the estimates with those obtained from traditional regression models.MethodsA population‐based study was conducted on adults aged 35‐54 years in India. Multistage stratified cluster random sampling was used. Data were collected through interviews and oral examinations. The exposure factor was ‘dental visiting’, and the outcome was number of missing teeth. Sociodemographic factors, oral hygiene practices, periodontal disease, and caries experience were the covariates. Inverse probability weight (IPW) calculated from the PS for dental visiting from a logistic regression model was used to balance the covariates. The association between dental visiting and missing teeth was estimated from log‐binomial regression models with and without using IPW.ResultsOf the 873 participants, 77.7% visited a dentist. The ≥1 missing teeth prevalence was 65.3%. Post‐IPW adjustment covariate standardized bias between groups with or without dental visit was lower than the pre‐IPW adjustment. Those who visited a dentist had an adjusted prevalence ratio of 2.40 when IPW was used, and 2.03 when IPW was not used.ConclusionDental visiting was strongly associated with missing teeth in this rural population.
ANAPHASE PROMOTING COMPLEX/CYCLOSOME‐mediated cyclin B1 degradation is critical for cell cycle synchronization in syncytial endosperms
Authors: Guo Lei , Jiang Li , Lu Xiu‐Li , Liu Chun‐Ming 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAlthough it is known that in most angiosperms mitosis in early endosperm development is syncytial and synchronized, it is unclear how the synchronization is regulated. We showed previously that APC11, also named ZYG1, in Arabidopsis activates zygote division by interaction and degradation of cyclin B1. Here, we report that the mutation in APC11/ZYG1 led to unsynchronized mitosis and over‐accumulation of cyclin B1‐GUS in the endosperm. Mutations in two other APC subunits showed similar defects. Transgenic expression of stable cyclin B1 in the endosperm also caused unsynchronized mitosis. Further, downregulation of APC11 generated multi‐nucleate somatic cells with unsynchronized mitotic division. Together, our results suggest that APC/C‐mediated cyclin B1 degradation is critical for cell cycle synchronization.
Maya Moral and Ritual Discourse: Dialogical Groundings for Consuetudinary Law
Authors: Sparks Garry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractToward the end of the twentieth century, Highland Maya intellectuals and activists in Guatemala began to argue for the recognition of indigenous customary law, rooted in traditional Maya moral and ritual discourse. Such law is often in tension with the Western notion of rights (grounded in the idea of universal reason) that undergirds national and international treatises regarding indigenous peoples. This essay identifies three distinct but mutually engaged pairs of moral concepts—hot/cold, left/right (or positive/negative), and favorable/not favorable—articulated through K'iche' Maya quotidian and ceremonial practices and speech. It also identifies the extent to which they do not necessarily align with Western (Abrahamic and religious) notions of good and bad. These three pairs of moral terms, specifically as conserved through the high‐register of Maya discourse used by traditional ceremonial specialists, illustrate a normative means by which Highland Maya discern understandings of justice, and ground their advocacy for restorative (rather than retributive or punitive) justice.
A Theory of Providence for Distributive Justice
Authors: Rosen Shlomo Dov 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDistributive justice assumes a morally critical judgment of nature, which typically contradicts providential conceptions. Hence, simple conceptions of divine Providence cannot support distributive justice. This essay analyzes and develops a complex strand of theorizing about Providence within Jewish philosophy that is compatible with distributive justice. According to this conception, the actions of divine Providence express different and mutually exclusive considerations of justice. Therefore, the moral value of outcomes is intransitive between the situations of different people. And while each providential action is justified from an ethical perspective, the total outcome is distinct from God's ultimate desire. Human ethics responds to this disparity by redistribution. This conception of Providence also contributes to the additional issue of intergenerational justice through the concomitant idea of life missions. The classical rendering of missions creates problems, however, for distributive justice. I conclude by formulating a conception of life missions that is compatible with both distributive and intergenerational justice.
Prophecy, Ethical Constraints, and Unjust Silence
Authors: Balthrop‐Lewis Alda 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCathleen Kaveny's Prophecy Without Contempt seeks to reorient the conversation among religious ethicists and political theorists about religion in public life. Rather than focus on religious speech in general, Kaveny distinguishes deliberation and indictment as forms of discourse, and she subjects indictment to ethical evaluation. She aims to constrain the public exercise of inordinate indictment, while encouraging prophetic indictment that meets the demands of justice. While the book is a much‐needed corrective, Kaveny's focus on the powerful rhetoric of prophetic indictment omits the harms that can come to the body politic from unjust silence. Such silence deserves more moral attention.
Prophecy Without Contempt: Metaphors, Imagination, and Evaluative Criteria
Authors: Childress James F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile greatly appreciative of Kaveny's important study of a neglected form of religious/moral discourse in the public square, this essay critically examines her metaphors for prophetic indictments and finds the metaphor of moral chemotherapy particularly problematic and the metaphor of warfare, connected with the just‐war tradition, more promising. It stresses the difficulty, if not the impossibility, of avoiding contempt in prophetic indictments, as Kaveny conceives them, and finds her proposed solutions to this problem—standing with the people and expressing empathy and compassion toward them—inadequate to the task. It further argues that attending to prophetic imagination, in addition to prophetic denunciation, can broaden the scope of practical deliberation and, at the same time, increase possible prophetic contributions to moral and political discourse.
Response to Critics
Authors: Kaveny Cathleen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this “Response to Critics,” Cathleen Kaveny continues the conversation in the JRE symposium centered on her recent book, Prophecy without Contempt: Religious Discourse in the Public Square. The book's central argument is that adequate discussion of contention in the contemporary public square requires attending to matters of rhetoric, particularly the rhetoric of prophetic indictment. Kaveny engages the comments of four interlocutors: Alda Balthrop‐Lewis, James Childress, William Hart, and Martin Kavka. The first section, “Overarching Goals,” summarizes the objectives of the book. The second section, “Methodology,” engages critics regarding methodological issues, highlighting Kaveny's commitment to a version of MacIntyre's tradition theory and her indebtedness to her legal training. The third section, “Structure,” responds to particular questions her interlocutors raise about the four parts of the book. The fourth section, “Larger Questions,” ponders the next stages of the academic and political discussion about contention in the public square.
Effects of Luteinizing Hormone‐releasing Hormone Analog Injection on Intestinal Transcriptome in Grass Carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhong Huan , Guan Jiajun , Guo Zhongbao , Xiao Jun , Liu Zhen , Zhou Yi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to detect the changes in gene expression by luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analog (LHRH‐A) stimulation in the intestine of grass carp. LHRH‐A has been widely used for inducing ovulation of teleosts. The transcriptome changes induced by LHRH‐A are not fully understood, especially in intestines. To understand the changes of RNA expression after intraperitoneal injection of LHRH‐A, two cDNA libraries of intestines from grass carps, including LHRH‐A injection group and control group, were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). In total, 13,581,225,000 nucleotides were obtained and 66,127 unigenes were generated by de novo assembly. The differentially expressed genes were identified by comparing the Fragments Per Kilobase Of Exon Per Million of the unigenes between the two groups. The results indicated that 255 and 212 unigenes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in the LHRH‐A injection group. Furthermore, the protein digestion and absorption pathways as well as fat digestion and absorption pathways tended to be upregulated by LHRH‐A injection. These findings provide a valuable resource for understanding the response of intestinal transcriptome levels to hormones.
Effects of Salinity, Commercial Salts, and Water Type on Cultivation of the Cryptophyte Microalgae Rhodomonas salina and the Calanoid Copepod Acartia tonsa
Authors: Jepsen Per M. , Thoisen Christina V. , Carron‐Cabaret Thibaut , Pinyol‐Gallemí Aleix , Nielsen Søren L. , Hansen Benni W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMarine aquaculture facilities positioned far from the sea need access to seawater (SW); hence, commercial salts are often the chosen solution. In marine hatcheries, most fish larvae require live feed (zooplankton) that are in turn fed with microalgae. The objective of this research was to investigate the applicability of commercial salts and clarify the potential effects on the cultivation of the microalga Rhodomonas salina and the copepod Acartia tonsa. Three commercial salts were tested, Red Sea Salt (RS), Red Sea – Coral Pro Salt (CP), and Blue Treasure Salt. R. salina was cultured at salinities of 10, 20, and 30 psu resulting in equal growth rates at salinities 20 and 30 in SW and RS mixed with deionized (DI) water. The optimum salinity for R. salina was 29 psu. For A. tonsa eggs, we observed highest hatching success in 30 psu with CP or RS mixed with DI water. The egg hatching success was not affected by salinities 15–40 and optimal hatching was obtained at 27 psu. Results confirm it was possible to use commercial salts for rearing of both R. salina and A. tonsa, widening the application of these species for aquaculture facilities without access to SW.
Inheriting Wittgenstein's Augustine: A Grammatical Investigation of the Incarnation
Authors: Porter Philip G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThrough an examination of Augustine's understanding of language and an exegesis of key passages in De trinitate, this article exposits and critiques Augustine's theology of the Incarnation. It attends to the distinctions Augustine draws between the two verba—the verbum mentis and the verbum vocis—and asks if conceiving of language differently might better account for the Incarnation of the Word in terms of De trinitate’s focus on substantial and relational predication. The author maintains that Augustine's impulse to interpret the Incarnation linguistically is the right one, but argues that drawing upon the resources of a Wittgensteinian approach to language sits more soundly with the rest of the grammar of Christian theology. Deploying the work of Wittgenstein's inheritors, especially Stanley Cavell and Stephen Mulhall, this article shows that while critique is in order, the final result is something broadly in line with Augustine's own best impulses concerning language as found in De dialectica and De doctrina christiana.
Condylar bony change and craniofacial morphology in orthodontic patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms: A pilot study using helical computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yamada Kazuhiro , Hiruma Yasuaki , Hanada Kooji , Hayashi Takafumi , Koyama Jun-ichi , Ito Jusuke 
Published: February 2018

The present study was performed to investigate how condylar bony changes related to craniofacial morphology. Twenty‐nine subjects (an average age of 18.8) with condylar bony changes were selected from orthodontic patients who had undergone both helical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate suspected temporomandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement and condylar bony changes. Craniofacial morphology was assessed with lateral and frontal cephalograms. For each patient, six linear and five angular measurements were compared with an age‐ and sex‐matched population from the Japanese standard.

In the bilateral condylar bony change group (bilateral group), osteophyte formation and erosion were the common bony change and were present in adult as well as juvenile subjects. In the unilateral condylar bony change group (unilateral group), flattening was the most common feature, erosion was only present in subjects below 19 years.
Disk displacement without reduction was seen in 90.6% of the bilateral group, and in 76.9% of the unilateral group.
In the bilateral group, retrognathic mandible was shown. In the unilateral group, all subjects exhibited a lateral shift of the menton to the side with condylar bony changes.

These findings suggested that condylar bony changes might be progressive and unstable in adults of the bilateral group as well as juveniles of the both groups. It is concluded that condylar bony changes may be related to a lateral shift of the mandible and a retrognathic mandible in orthodontic patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) symptoms.
The mechanical advantage of the masseter muscle in subjects with different vertical and sagittal facial morphology
Authors: Ferrario Virgilio F. , Sforza Chiarella , Sartori Matteo , Ciusa Veronica 
Published: February 2018

Investigations on the relationship between facial morphology and the mechanical advantage of the masticatory muscles (the ratio between the muscular and the bite force moment arms) have been focused on the vertical facial parameters, while the sagittal position of the jaws have received limited attention. In this study, the relationships between the mechanical advantage of the masseter muscle and the two parameters describing vertical and sagittal (corrected subspinal‐nasion‐supramentale (ANB*) angle) facial morphology were analysed in 468 pre‐treatment lateral cephalograms of orthodontic patients (209 males, 259 females) aged 6–50 years. The condylar point was digitised in 90 cephalograms, its relationship to articulare was estimated, and used to estimate the position of anterior condylion in all the other radiographs. Masseter muscle mechanical advantage was, on average, 79.5 ± 6.1%, ranging between 53 and 94%. No sex‐related characteristics were found. A moderate effect of age was found (r = 0.19), with a certain increment in the mean mechanical advantage in adults. No relationship with the corrected ANB* angle was found (r = 0.099), while a significant effect of the posterior‐to‐anterior facial height ratio was detected (r = 0.542). The lack of correlation between the mechanical advantage of masseter muscle and corrected ANB* angle might be explained by: (1) when the occlusal point moves (dependent upon Angle skeletal classification), the ramus width might concomitantly modify, and both arms change; (2) the present assessment analysed only the lateral two‐dimensional projection of a three‐dimensional structure: the retroposition of occlusal point also involves a modification of line slope, and a subsequent reduction of its projection and arm. The corrected ANB* angle was computed as:ANB* = original ANB angle + 0.5 a (81.5° −SNA angle) + 0.25 × (32° − SN‐GoMe angle).
Electrophysiological evidence of low salience distractor interference during visual search
Authors: Fortier‐Gauthier Ulysse , Jolicœur Pierre 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVisual search displays often include distractors of lesser salience in addition to a target and one or more salient distractors. We investigated low salience distractor effects on the N2pc, an ERP component indexing the deployment of attention, and the Ptc, a component purported to reflect attentional disengagement. We hypothesized that salient distractors pull the attentional focus away from the target, which could lead to increased attentional processing of low salience distractors close to the target and salient distractor. Participants looked for a colored inverted T during a visual search task while ignoring an L of the same color at a fixed distance on an imaginary circle around fixation. There were four conditions: no additional gray (low salience) distractors, two additional gray distractors between color items, two additional gray distractors just outside the area delimited by the colored items, and four additional gray distractors inside and outside the attended region. The gray distractors impacted N2pc and Ptc amplitude and latency, indicating an effect of gray distractors on attentional processing. Also, additional gray distractors led to increasingly more deviation of the N2pc and Ptc waveforms from the baseline offered by the condition with no additional gray distractors. When we increased the difficulty to individuate the target, we observed more displacement of lateralized activity from the N2pc to the Ptc time window. We argue that distractor‐related modulations likely result from increased variance in the latency of attentional engagement activity to the target instead of distractor inhibition or attentional disengagement.
Translation and opportunity: Byzantine monastic studies since ca. 1990
Authors: Ewing Hannah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile monks were integral parts of the long‐lasting Byzantine world, Byzantine monasticism and its study can be relatively obscure to nonspecialists, given the diversity of monastic forms practiced in the empire. This piece presents a brief primer on Byzantine monastic studies and evaluates key scholarship in this increasingly vigorous field. In particular, it assesses the major impact of critical editions and primary‐source translation projects since the 1990s and 2000s, including both archival materials and hagiography. Furthermore, it evaluates the current state of the field and outlines several opportunities and directions for further research.
Characterization of rabies post‐exposure prophylaxis in a region of the eastern Amazon, state of Pará, Brazil, between 2000 and 2014
Authors: De Paula N. S. , Saraiva E. A. , Araújo I. M. , Nascimento K. K. G. , Xavier D. A. , Santos K. S. , Abreu E. M. N. , Guimãraes R. J. P. S. , Abel I. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAnimal bites are a serious public health issue, and prevention strategies have been consistently documented worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize human anti‐rabies treatment in 11 counties of the Salgado microregion, Pará state, Brazil, which borders the Bragantina microregion, where exposures of human rabies were reported in 2004 and 2005. A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using anti‐rabies treatment notifications registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) database of the State Department of Public Health of Pará (SESPA) from January 2000 to December 2014. In this period, 13,403 exposures were reported, with a growing annual trend (Y = 68.571x + 344.96). The years 2012 and 2013 presented the highest exposure incidence. Salinópolis was the county with the highest average annual incidence per 10,000 persons (62.83), followed by São João de Pirabas (43.28) and São Caetano de Odivelas (41.27). Most patients were males (59.6%) and were 1–19 years old (48.7%). The main species involved in aggressions were dogs (74.1%), followed by bats (13.1%) and cats (7.4%). Biting was the most common kind of exposure, mostly on the lower limbs (39.6%). This study shows that aggression by bats was the second most common cause of demand for the service in the region for the past 14 years. The low quality of records may increase the difficulty of rabies surveillance in Pará.
How well does the National Disability Insurance Scheme respond to the issues challenging Indigenous people with disability?
Authors: Do Phuong Lan 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: The participation rates of Indigenous Australians in disability services were significantly lower than the prevalence of disability in Indigenous communities. The Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) promises changes to the lives of Australians with disability in general and particularly for the Indigenous population living with disability. This article presents research exploring how the NDIS takes into consideration the issues challenging Indigenous people’s access to, and use of, disability services.METHODS: The theoretical underpinning of the research drew on the social model of disability and post-colonial theory, which informed a systematic review of disability services for Indigenous people, an analysis of the current policy-making process and current NDIS legislation.FINDINGS: The systematic literature review revealed the social, attitudinal, physical and communication barriers experienced by Indigenous people accessing and using disability services; however, the policy analysis of the NDIS indicates that the new legislation does not address these challenges faced by this multi-disadvantaged Australian population group.CONCLUSION: This research highlights the urgent need for disability policy improvements and promotes further design of culturally appropriate healthcare for Indigenous populations, who are still “disabled”, not only by colonised histories but also through contemporary socio-economic marginalization.
Caring for children with disabilities in a foreign land: Experiences and perceptions of a group of Korean parents and professionals
Authors: Choi Clara , Park Hong-Jae , O'Brien Michael 
Published: February 2018

INTRODUCTION: This article aims to provide an overview of the experiences of Korean immigrant parents raising children with disabilities in Aotearoa New Zealand, primarily focusing on their experience of disability services and systems.METHODS: As the present exploratory study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of immigrant parents’ experiences and perceptions, a qualitative approach was employed to collect rich and lived information from participants. Ten participants were recruited and interviewed among Korean parents of children with disabilities and professionals working with those families.FINDINGS: Lack of trust among Korean parents living in Aotearoa New Zealand was frequently discussed by the participants in the present study. Lack of information around available services and alternative support and cultural barriers were often identified to have a significant impact on Korean parents’ experiences with services. A sense of obligation to integrate into the host society and the services provided was also evident. Further, there was a contradictory perception between parents and associated professionals in relation to services’ expectations of Korean parents. CONCLUSIONS: From analysis of the findings, three main themes emerged: experiences of services and its relations with trust, cultural values and expectations, and looking to the future. The study suggests that there is a need for professionals, service providers and government to consider ways to build trusting relationships with Korean parents and their children with disabilities, and makes a number of recommendations.