bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenol-formaldehyde resins with suitable bonding strength synthesized from “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions
Authors: Lourençon Tainise V. , Alakurtti Sami , Virtanen Tommi , Jääskeläinen Anna-Stiina , Liitiä Tiina , Hughes Mark , Magalhães Washington L.E. , Muniz Graciela I.B. , Tamminen Tarja 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe substitution of phenol by lignin in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins is one of the most promising end uses of lignin valorization. Lignin from grasses and softwood has been the focus of the studies in this field as they present a higher number of theoretical reactive sites for resin synthesis. Herein we examined the composition and chemical reactivity of “less-reactive” hardwood lignin fractions and their performance in PF resins, synthesized by substituting 50 wt% of the phenol with lignin. Before resin synthesis, the samples were hydroxymethylated and the maximum formaldehyde consumption was recorded. By doing so, we observed that hardwood fractions consumed formaldehyde close to the theoretical calculation, whereas the reference softwood lignin consumed only about ¼ of the theoretical value. In the resin synthesis, we added formaldehyde to the formulation according to the measured maximum formaldehyde consumption. Thus, low values of free formaldehyde in lignin-PF (LPF) resins were achieved (<0.23%). Moreover, the resin bonding strength displayed similar performance irrespective of whether the LPF resins were made with softwood or hardwood lignin (range of 3.4–4.8 N mm−2 at 150°C and 45–480 s of press time). Furthermore, we concluded that hardwood kraft lignins present no disadvantage compared to softwood lignins in PF resin applications, which have significant practical implications.
Assessment of the denaturation of collagen protein concentrates using different techniques
Authors: Perez-Puyana Victor , Ostos Francisco J. , López-Cornejo Pilar , Romero Alberto , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The use of collagen and gelatin in the field of regenerative medicine is widely extended. However, most of the studies in this topic are focused on the scaffolds’ properties, but only a few are related to the properties of the raw material used. The raw material analysis not only consists of a study of the composition, but also of the denaturation degree that can influence the processing and properties of the structure of the scaffold. Thus, the denaturation degree analysis of different collagen proteins was performed and assessed by the comparison of four different methods: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra and sulfhydryls content analysis. DSC measurements put forward a glass transition between 88°C and 95°C as well as from the FTIR measurements; the characteristic peaks for proteins are evidenced. However, from the sulfur content, only a small proportion of free sulfhydryls are present with respect to their total amount. In addition, CD spectra allow to estimate the secondary structure of the protein by the analysis of the α-helix and β-strand and also quantify the denaturation degree with the ‘positive/negative ratio’ (RPN) from the CD profiles, obtaining values in the range between 25% and 100%.
The effect of different partitions of seaweed Sargassum plagyophylum on depression behavior in mice model of despair
Authors: Mesripour Azadeh , Rabian Neda , Yegdaneh Afsaneh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Seaweeds are a famous traditional food resource in some countries containing different types of secondary metabolites. These marine organisms have shown different biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hexane and methanol extracts of Sargassum plagyophylum on depression.

Methods

Sargassum plagyophylum was collected from Persian Gulf. The plant was extracted by maceration with methanol-ethyl acetate solvent. The extract was evaporated and partitioned by hexane and methanol solvents. The two partitions were administered i.p. to male mice either a single dose or for 7 days. Depression was evaluated by the forced swimming test (FST) which higher immobility time indicates depressive-like behavior.

Results
The immobility time during FST decreased significantly by all the doses of the hexane partitions (notably 40 mg/kg; 10 s ± 2 vs. 114 s ± 12 control group). However, only the lowest dose (20 mg/kg) of the methanol partition reduced immobility time during FST (23 s ± 8, p<0.001). Following the long term administration both of the partitions reduced the immobility time in FST (hexane 27 s ± 11, methanol 70 s ± 14, p<0.05 vs. control 140 s ± 14).

Conclusion
The hexane partition showed antidepressant effects not only by long-term administration but also by the single dose during FST. The 7 days therapy with methanol partition also induced antidepressant behavior, but only the lowest single dose reduced immobility in FST. The methanol partitions possibly have certain substance that interfered with behavior in the FST. Therefore, S. plagyophylum should be considered for further antidepressant studies.
Evolution of circulating thyroid hormone levels in preterm infants during the first week of life: perinatal influences and impact on neurodevelopment
Authors: Eerdekens An , Naulaers Gunnar , Ortibus Els , Verhaeghe Johan , Langouche Lies , Vanhole Christine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
For several decades, transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity (THOP) has been a topic of debate. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood and consensus on the therapeutic approach is lacking. This study aimed at gaining a better insight into the pathogenesis by studying the trends in thyroid hormone (TH) levels during the first week of life.

Methods
This single-center prospective observational study analyzed the plasma levels of total thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (fT4), total triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and T4-binding globulin (TBG) in cord blood and at the end of the first week of life in 120 preterm infants (gestational age [GA] <37 weeks). The change over time was calculated (delta, ∆). The impact of perinatal and subsequently postnatal variables on ∆ was studied by hierarchical multiple regression. The impact of ∆ on the neurodevelopmental outcome at the corrected ages of 9 and 24 months, measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID)-II, was assessed by logistic regression.

Results
∆fT4 levels were negatively affected by GA and use of dopamine, whereas only GA was associated with low ∆T3 levels. Negative ∆fT4 levels were present in 75% of the extremely low-for-gestational-age infants, whereas 23.5% had a negative ∆T3 level. There was an increased risk for an abnormal mental developmental score (<85) with decreasing ∆T3 at 9 months, corrected age, but not at 24 months.

Conclusions
A negative evolution in circulating TH levels is principally an immaturity phenomenon, whereas dopamine can further suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. There is at least a temporary negative effect of this evolution on the infants’ neurodevelopment.
Uniqueness of meromorphic function with its shift operator under the purview of two or three shared sets
Authors: Banerjee Abhijit , Ahamed Molla Basir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Taking two and three shared set problems into background, the uniqueness problem of a meromorphic function together with its shift operator have been studied. Our results will improve a number of recent results in the literature. Some examples have been provided in the last section to show that certain conditions used in the paper, is the best possible.
Asymptotic behavior of the record values in a stationary Gaussian sequence, with applications
Authors: Barakat Haroon M. , Abd Elgawad M. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we study the limit distributions of upper and lower record values of a stationary Gaussian sequence under an equi-correlated set up. Moreover, the class of limit distribution functions (df’s) of the joint upper (and the lower) record values of a stationary Gaussian sequence is fully characterized. As an application of this result, the sufficient conditions for the weak convergence of the record quasi-range, record quasi-mid-range, record extremal quasi-quotient and record extremal quasi-product are obtained. Moreover, the classes of the non-degenerate limit df’s of these statistics are derived.
Tribological Behavior of Surface Textured Gray Cast Iron at Different Texture Density by Ultrafast Laser
Authors: Nazeer Basha D. , Padmanabham G. , Bathe Ravi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Laser surface texturing process involves the creation of microfeatures, e.g., tiny dimples, that are usually distributed in a certain pattern, covering only a fraction of the surface of the material that is being treated. This process offers several advantages for tribological applications, including improved load capacity, wear resistance, lubrication lifetime, and reduced friction coefficient. In the present study, surface modification of gray cast iron using femtosecond laser irradiation is adopted in order to establish an optimal geometric pattern with dimple features and dimensions, to improve wear and friction behavior. The surface texturing of gray cast iron was done with the help of an ultrafast laser with a pulse duration of 100 fs and wavelength of 800 nm. The effect of a range of process parameters, such as pulse energy, scan velocity, and textured density, on the performance characteristics of laser-textured samples was investigated. The laser surface textures were examined using an opto-digital 3-D microscope. The friction and wear tests under starved lubrication condition were performed using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The textured surfaces cause a significant reduction in friction coefficient (by 72 %) and wear (by 19 %) over the untextured surfaces. Furthermore, an analysis of wear tracks using a scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy show a significant improvement in wear resistance. The wear track of the textured surface exhibited a significant reduction of wear debris and was found to be smoother than the untextured surface. Among various patterns tried, the pattern with 55 % texture density gave the best results.
On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (2)
Authors: Poviliūnas Arūnas , Voznikaitis Antanas , Mačiulė Lina , Juknienė Monika , Sinkevičiūtė Elena , Žilinskaitė Rima 
Published: May 2019

This article further develops the ideas expressed in our previous publication – On the Attempt to Unlock the Black Boxes of Science (1) – and presents a sociological experiment that aims to break the conventional routine of the research activities of both sociology and life sciences. The article consists of two parts. The first part discusses the concept of “the new scientific spirit,” elaborated by French scientist and philosopher G. Bachelard, and introduces H. White’s theory of tropes, which provides a novel interpretative framework for “the new scientific spirit.” The second part of this article describes a didactic experiment comprised of two discussion groups with PhD students working in the field of life sciences. The first discussion group attempted to realize the principles of the sociology of the social, whereas the second one attempted to break the limits of the sociology of the social and to induce an epistemological rupture in order to realize the principles of the sociology of translation in the second discussion. This article also includes the authors’ reflections regarding the formation of their own sociological habitus.
MODERN TRENDS INFORMATIONAL TECHNO-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN THE HIGHEST EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Mudrak V. I. 
Published: May 2019

Modern approaches to the anthropology development in the global information space are realized in the system of technica - echnology provision of professional competence in the highest
education. This implies running time the newest relation systems in context “man-technetechnology- education-professional competence”.
PERIODONTITE AGRESSIVA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Barbosa Renata De Araújo , Souza Sandro Bittencourt , Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso 
Published: May 2019

The aggressive periodontitis (AgP) occurs on clinically health individuals, except for the presence of periodontal disease, is characterized by rapid attachment loss and bone destruction and also by family aggregation, among other secondary characteristics. The rapid periodontal destruction observed in AgP is an extremely important factor and have raised the researchers attention all over the world, once one come across an infection characterized by a highly virulent microorganism and/or by highly susceptible individuals. The risk of tooth loss and function and esthetic compromising, mainly in young patients, more commonly affected by the AgP, also stimulates the search for answers and more efficient treatments in the disease control. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature of aggressive periodontitis considering the findings in the microbial etiology and individual susceptibility, as well as its response to periodontal therapy and the search for alternatives that lead to benefits in the periodontal clinical parameters.
REANATOMIZAÇÃO DENTAL COM RESINA COMPOSTA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Rodriguez Stephanie Dias Rivera , Argolo Saryta , Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega 
Published: May 2019

Purpose: to present a case in which it was decided, as treatment plan, by bleaching followed by the preparation of semi-facet composite resin of the upper canines to return the dental anatomy. Case description: Male patient with a history of child bruxism, where the anatomical features of maxillary canines were lost, he seemed to be dissatisfied with the cosmetic appearance of your smile. The aesthetic resolution of this case was based on the bleaching employment and direct technique with the use of composite resin, to obtain a harmonious smile, observing the correct protocol based on the latest evidence presented in the literature, and the result has met the aesthetic expectations of the patient. Conclusion: Direct composite resin restorations are excellent for reshaping of anterior teeth, restoring and reproducing the shape, size and color of the teeth.
Enhancing Students’ Creativity through STEM Project-Based Learning
Authors: Hanif Sofi , Wijaya Agus Fany Chandra , Winarno Nanang 
Published: May 2019

In some school, teacher-centered is commonly found in the learning process. The learning process itself is still in the form of direct transfer of knowledge from teacher to students. Actually, students will learn better if they are engaged in meaningful learning activity. STEM project-based learning is one of alternative teaching strategies that engaged students in meaningful learning. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of STEM project-based learning on students' creativity in the topics of light and optics. The study used qualitative research with narrative design. Data collection technique that used is observation. The population is eight grade students in one of Junior Secondary School that is located in Bandung, Indonesia. The sample consist of 25 students that chosen based on purposive sampling technique. The data is obtained through Creativity Product Analysis Matrix (CPAM). There are three creativity dimension that used in this study which are resolution, elaboration and novelty dimension. Students’ creativity is obtained as much 76% which categorized as good. Based on the result, STEM project-based learning give the good impact on students' creativity. STEM project-based learning can be used as alternative teaching strategies in Junior Secondary School.
THE DIGITAL GENDER DIVIDE: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Marzano Gilberto , Lubkina Velta 
Published: May 2019

It has been observed that women, especially in developing countries, have significantly lower technology participation rates than men. This is generally considered to be the result of socio-cultural attitudes related to the expected role of women in society. The consequence is the low percentage of women working in the high-tech industry. However, nowadays, women make ample use of internet technology and access social media just as much as men.This article will explore the issue of the digital gender divide, focusing on which factors can impede and/or facilitate access to and use of digital technologies. It represents the preliminary results of an ongoing research conducted within a bilateral project entitled “Gender aspects of digital readiness and development of human capital” that involves the Latgalian region in Latvia and the Ternopil region in Ukraine, two regions that share similar socio-economic problems.The aim of the research is to increase the level of women’s inclusion in the labor market of the future, which itappears will be increasingly dominated by digital technologies. From this perspective, reducing the digital divide is crucial, but alternative forms of digital education will need to be introducedin order to facilitate the acquisition of digital competences.
Comparison of model for end-stage liver disease-Na score and model for end-stage liver disease score in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with end stage liver disease: an observational study
Authors: Mukherjee Tirthankar , Nataraju Kamalesh Tagadur , Rakesh B. M. , Dandothi Soumya Dattanagowda 
Published: May 2019

Background: Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was originally developed to predict mortality after trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in end stage liver disease (ESLD). Incorporating serum sodium into MELD score increases its predictive accuracy.Methods: This is an observational study conducted on 50 patients of ESLD admitted from October 2012 to September 2014. Study population was divided into survivor and non-survivor groups. MELD score and MELD-Na score was calculated and compared between the groups.Results: Out of 50 participants, 20 (40%) died in the hospital due to cirrhosis related complications. The average age was 44.7±12.040 years in the survivor group and 54.1±9.910 years in the non-survivor group. The mean MELD score and MELD-Na score was found to be higher in non-survivors group (28.5 and 30.5) compared to survivors group (22.03 and 25.67) which was statistically very significant. Majority of the patients in survivor group had MELD score between 10-19 (43.3%) and 30-39 (36.7%). In the non-survivor group majority of patients had score of more than 20 (80%). MELD-Na score has better sensitivity (90%) compared to MELD score (80%) at a cut off value above 22. However, MELD score has better specificity (60%) compared to MELD-Na score (43.3%) at the same cut off value.Conclusions: MELD-Na score was higher in non-survivor group with good predictability for in-hospital mortality and there was good correlation between both the scores in terms of degree of agreement and MELD-Na score was more sensitive compared to MELD score.
Global Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumanniA Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: pormohammad ali , Mohtavinejad Naser , Gholizadeh Pourya , dadashi Masoud , Karimaei Samira , Safari Hossein , Azadbakht Mohammad , Azimi Taher 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction

Acinetobacter baumannii antimicrobial resistance is a public health concern in developing and developed countries, especially in hospital setting. Understanding the antibiotic resistance profile can be helpful in providing better guidelines for prescription of appropriate antibiotics, reduction of antibiotic resistance, and introducing new and effective treatment options.

Method

Using the PRISMA guidelines, databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched systematically from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2018. All statistical analyses were carried out via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.0 (Biostat, Englewood, NJ). Depending on the heterogeneity test, either random or fix effect models were used for determining the pooled prevalence of drug resistance.

Result

A total of 150 studies were included from 41 countries of six different WHO regional offices worldwide. The highest and the lowest rate of resistance were observed for cefotaxim (99%, 95% CI: 95-99.9) in Africa and for colistin (1.1%, 95% CI: 0.3-4.5) in Western Pacific, respectively. Lebanon (17.5%, 95% CI: 16-19) and China (12%, 95% CI: 3.5-32.5) had the highest and Germany (0.2%, 95% CI: 0-2.5) had the lowest rate of resistance for colistin.

Conclusion

Our analysis showed that prevalence and rate of increased colistin resistance in South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean countries are higher than other regions of the world. Therefore, establishment of appropriate antibiotic usage guidelines should be essential in these countries.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 and invasive cervical cancer among Hakka women in southern China
Authors: Gu Xiaodong , Weng Ruiqiang , Liu Jing , Liu Sudong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: To investigate HPV genotype distribution in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 (CIN2/3) and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) among Hakka women in southern China. Methods: Results of HPV genotypes from women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were collected from January, 2017 to December, 2018. HPV genotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry method. Association of HPV infection and lesions severity was estimated using prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Overall, 1,408 Hakka women with histological diagnosis of CIN2/3 and ICC were enrolled in this study. HPV infection prevalence was 92.92% in CIN2, 95.77% in CIN3 and 95.88% in ICC. Most frequent genotypes for CIN2 were HPV52 (31.42%), HPV16 (22.12%) and HPV58 (22.12%); for CIN3 were HPV16 (41.90%), HPV52 (20.77%) and HPV58 (18.31%); and for ICC were HPV16 (49.67%), HPV18 (11.25%) and HPV52 (9.80%). PR of HPV16 and HPV33 were significantly higher in CIN3 compared with CIN2 (PR = 2.372, 95%CI = 1.598-3.524; PR = 2.577, 95%CI = 1.250-5.310; respectively). HPV16 and HPV18 prevalence were significantly increasing in SCC compared with CIN3 (PR = 2.517, 95%CI = 1.095-5.786; PR = 2.473, 95%CI = 1.840-3.324; respectively). Most HPV infections were found in women aged 40 – 49 years in CIN2/3 and women aged 50 - 59 years in ICC. Conclusions: This is the first study of genotypes and age specific distribution of HPV infection among Hakka women with CIN2/3 and ICC in southern China. Our results provide available information for HPV vaccine development in China.