bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian Kinerja Organoclay Bentonit Terinterkalasi Poli-DADMAC sebagai Flokulasn Limbah Cair Tahu
Authors: Rohmah Nurhayati , Nugraha Irwan 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Telah dilakukan kajian kinerja organoclay bentonit terinterkalasi polyi-DADMAC sebagai flokulan limbah cair tahu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektifitas organoclay bentonit terinterkalasi poly-DADMAC sebagai flokulan limbah cair tahu. Organoclay bentonit terinterkalasi poly-DADMAC disintesis dengan mereaksikan 10 g bentonit dengan 100 mL poly-DADMAC 4%. Pergeseran yang terjadi pada spektra hasil analisis XRD dan FTIR menunjukan keberhasilan proses interkalasi bentonit dengan poly-DADMAC. Koagulasi flokulasi dilakukan dengan metode jar test pada kecepatan pengadukan cepat 120 rpm selama 1 menit dan pengadukan lambat 20 rpm. Kajian kinerja flokulan organoclay meliputi variasi jenis flokulan, massa flokulan, lama waktu kontak flokulasi dan variasi jenis pengenceran. Nilai efektifitas penurunan COD maksimum pada 35.7 % terjadi pada penambahan jenis flokulan organoclay dengan massa 0.05 g dan waktu kontak flokulasi 40 menit. Proses koagulasi-flokulasi limbah cair tahu menggunakan flokulan organoclay mampu menghasilkan penurunan nilai COD limbah dari 1145.76 mg/L menjadi 833.28 mg/L. Akan tetapi., koagulasi-flokulasi limbah cair tahu pada penelitian ini tidak menurunkan pH limbah secara ekstrim, rentang penurunan pH adalah dari 3.836 menjadi 3.448. Kata kunci : Flokulan, organoclay, bentonit-polyDADMAC, limbah cair tahu Abstract Studies of Bentonite intercalated organoclay performance polyi-DADMAC as flocculants wastewater of tahu has been done. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Bentonite intercalated organoclay poly-DADMAC as flocculants wastewater of Tahu. Bentonite intercalated organoclay poly-DADMAC are synthesized by reacting 10 g of bentonite with 100 mL of poly-DADMAC 4%. The shift in spectral analysis of XRD and FTIR results showed the success of the process of intercalation of bentonite with poly-DADMAC. Coagulation-flocculation using Jar test with the rapid stirring speed of 120 rpm for 1 minute and 20 rpm slow stirring. Organoclay flocculant performance review includes a variation type of flocculant, flocculant mass, contact time flocculation and variations in the type of dilution. Rated maximum effectiveness of COD reduction occurs at 35.7% in the type of flocculant addition of organoclay with a mass of 0.05 g and a contact time of 40 minutes flocculation. Coagulation-flocculation process of wastewater of Tahu using flocculants organoclay decrease COD from 1145.76 mg / L to 833.28 mg / L. However, coagulation-flocculation of wastewater of Tahu did not lower the pH of the waste significantly, decreasing pH occurs from 3.836 to 3.448.Keywords: Flocculant, organoclay, bentonite-polyDADMAC, wastewater of TahuDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4322
Penghambatan Enzim Pemecah Protein (Enzim Papain) Oleh Ekstrak Rokok, Minuman Beralkohol Dan Kopi Secara In Vitro
Authors: Sumarlin La Ode , Nurbayti Siti , Fauziah Syifa 
Published: November 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh ekstrak rokok, kopi dan minuman beralkohol terhadap aktivitas enzim papain. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak rokok, kopi dan minuman beralkohol terhadap aktivitas enzim pencernaan terutama enzim protease dimana papain digunakan sebagai model. Enzim papain menghidrolisis substrat dihambat dengan mencegah interaksi antara gugus –SH dari Sis25 dengan atom N imidazol dari His159 dari papain untuk membuat sisi aktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rokok, ekstrak kopi dan minuman beralkohol masing-masing menunjukkan penghambatan terhadap aktivitas enzim papain sebesar 27,3%, 35%, dan 22,3%. Kata Kunci: Rokok, kopi, alkohol, inhibitor, papain
Penggunaan Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) dan Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) Sebagai Koagulan Alami Dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Tanah
Authors: Hendrawati Hendrawati , Syamsumarsih Delsy , Nurhasni Nurhasni 
Published: November 2018

AbstrakPenggunaan Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L.) dan Biji Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) Sebagai Koagulan Alami dalam Perbaikan Kualitas Air Tanah telah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan serbuk biji asam jawa dan biji kecipir sebagai biokoagulan untuk memperbaiki kualitas air dan pengaruhnya terhadap parameter kualitas air, yang meliputi: temperatur, pH, konduktivitas, kekeruhan, oksigen terlarut, kandungan logam berat, dan total koliform. Hasil jar test diperoleh dosis optimum 0,009% (penurunan turbiditas 99,72%) untuk biji asam jawa dan 0,03% (penurunan turbiditas 92,03%) untuk ekstrak biji kecipir. Nilai pH optimum diperoleh pada pH 3 untuk kedua jenis biokoagulan. Penggunaan ekstrak biji asam jawa dan biji kecipir dan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berarti terhadap parameter temperatur, pH, konduktivitas,dan logam berat. Penggunaan ekstrak biji kecipir dan biji asam jawa tidak menurunkan angka BOD. Ekstrak biji asam jawa mampu menurunkan angka total koliform sedangkan ekstrak biji kecipir tidak efektif dalam menurunkan angka total koliform. Kata Kunci: Koagulasi, Asam jawa (Tamarindus indica L.), Kecipir (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.), Jar test, Air tanah, MPN.Abstrack The Use of Tamarind Seeds (Tamarindus indica L.) and Winged Bean Seeds (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.) As Natural Coagulant in Groundwater Quality Improvementhas been done. The aims of this study is to determine the ability of tamarind seeds and winged bean seeds as biocoagulant to improve water quality and its effect on water quality parameters, which include: temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, heavy metal content, and total coliform. Jar test results obtained optimum dose of 0.009% (99.72% reduction in turbidity) to tamarind seeds and 0.03% (92.03% reduction in turbidity) to winged bean seeds. The optimum pH obtained at pH 3 for both types of biocoagulant. The use of tamarind seeds and winged bean seeds does not have much influence on the parameters of temperature, pH, conductivity, and heavy metals. They also did not reduce the number of BOD. Tamarind seeds reduce the number of total coliform while winged bean seeds are not effective in reducing the number of total coliform. Keywords: Coagulation, Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.), Jar test, Groundwater, MPN.
Isolasi Kitin dari Cangkang Kepiting Laut (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) serta Pemanfaatannya untuk Adsorpsi Fe dengan Pengompleks 1,10-fenantrolin
Authors: Murniati Dewi , Mudasir Mudasir 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Telah dilakukan isolasi kitin dari cangkang kepiting laut (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) yang digunakan sebagai fasa padat dalam Adsorpsi kompleks tris(1,10-fenantrolin)besi(II). Optimasi berat kitin dan penentuan eluen yang sesuai telah dipelajari dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan recovery kompleks yang optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spektra Inframerah dari kitin hasil isolasi memberikan bilangan gelombang yang hampir sama dengan kitin standar. Penentuan kadar abu, kadar nitrogen dan kadar karbon serta derajat deasetilasi dari hasil analisis kitin hasil isolasi memberikan hasil yang memenuhi syarat kitin standar. Berat kitin optimum untuk adsorpsi kompleks [Fe(phen)3]2+ 0,4 ppm adalah 0,2 g yang memberikan % recovery sekitar 55,56% dan eluen yang sesuai adalah campuran etanol : HCl (6 : 4, v/v). Kata Kunci: Isolasi kitin, Adsorpsi, Besi, 1,10-fenantrolin dan Eluen. Abstrack The isolated crab shell chitin from the sea crab (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) for solid-phase extraction [Fe(1,10-phenantroline)3]2+complex based. The weight optimized of chitin and searched of eluent were compatible. The result showed that infrared spectra of the isolated chitin has similar characteristic absorption with that of the standard chitin. The measurement of ash contents, nitrogen contents, and carbon contents and de-acetylated degrees from analysis result of the isolated chitin up to the standard chitin. The weight optimized of chitin used for solid-phase extraction of 0.4 ppm trace(1.10-phenanthroline)iron(II) complex are 0.2 g with % recovery 55,56% and the eluent compatible are the mixed ethanol: HCl (6:4, v/v). Keywords: Chitin isolation, Adsorption, Iron, 1,10-phenantroline and Eluent.
Analisis Profil Protein dan Asam Amino Sarang Burung Walet (Collocalia fuchiphaga)Asal Painan
Authors: Elfita Lina 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak Penelitian tentang profil protein sarang burung wallet masih terbatas, terutama sarang burung walet dari Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa profil protein dan asam amino sarang burung walet yang berasal dari daerah Painan, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat. Analisis protein dilakukan dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE, sedangkan analisis asam amino dilakukan dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Analisa ekstrak air sarang burung walet dengan SDS-PAGE menunjukan bahwa sarang burung walet terdiri dari 6 protein. Keenam protein tersebut mempunyai bobot molekul masing-masing 147.2 kDa, 142.6 kDa, 133.4 kDa, 73.3 kDa, 66.2 kDa dan 37.7 kDa. Dari analisa asam amino burung walet dengan KCKT didapatkan 16 asam amino yang terkandung dalam sarang burung wallet, yang terdiri dari 7 jenis asam amino esensial yaitu Histidin (2.31%), Leusin (3.84%), Treonin (3.82%), Valin (3.93%), Metionin (0.48%), Isoleusin (1.80%), Fenilalanine (4.49%) dan 9 asam amino non esensial yaitu Asam Serin (4.56%), Aspartat (4.48%), Arginin (3.93%), Lisin (2.34 %), Prolin (3.64%), Asam glutamate (3.65%), Glisin (1.87%), Alanin (1.31%), Tirosin (3.92%). Serin merupakan asam amino dengan kadar tertinggi (4.56%), diikuti dengan Fenil alanine (4.49%) dan Asam aspartate (4.48%). Kandungan asam amino ini sedikit berbeda dengan kandungan asam amino sarang burung walet dari daerah dan negara lain. Kata kunci: sarang burung walet, protein, asam amino Abstract Study on protein profile of bird nest is still limited particularly protein profile of bird nest from Indonesia has not been reported. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze protein profile and amino acid composition of bird nest from Painan, Pesisir Selatan Distric, West Sumatra. Protein analysis was performed by SDS-PAGE, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for amino acid analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed six bands, which molecular weigh of 147.2 kDa, 142.6 kDa, 133.4 kDa, 73.3 kDa, 66.2 kDa and 37.7 kDa, respectively. On the other hand, HPLC analysis demonstrated that bird nest was composed of 16 amino acids. Seven of them were essential amino acids; histidine (2.31%), leucine (3.84%), threonine (3.82%), valine (3.93%), methionine (0.48%), isoleucine (1.80%), phenylalanine (4.49%), and nine of them were non-essential amino acids; serine (4.56%), aspartic acid (4.48%), arginine (3.93%), lysine (2.34%), proline (3.64%), glutamic acid (3.65%), glycine (1.87%), alanine (1.31%), tyrosine (3.92%). Serine was the highest percentage of amino acid in the bird nest (4.56%), followed by phenylalanine (4.49%) and aspartic acid (4.48%). Composition of amino acid in this bird nest was slightly different with composition of amino acid in bird nest from other area. Keywords : bird nest, protein profile, amino acids
Pediatric Inpatient-Status Volume and Cost at Children’s and Nonchildren’s Hospitals in the United States: 2000–2009
Authors: Short Heather L. , Sarda Samir , Travers Curtis , Hockenberry Jason , McCarthy Ian , Raval Mehul V. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVES:
The evolving role of children’s hospitals (CHs) in the setting of rising health care costs has not been fully explored. We compared pediatric inpatient discharge volumes and costs by hospital type and examined the impact of care complexity and hospital-level factors on costs.

METHODS:
A retrospective, cross-sectional study of care between 2000 and 2009 was performed by using the Kids’ Inpatient Database. Weighted discharge data were used to generate national estimates for a comparison of inpatient volume, cost, and complexity at CHs and nonchildren’s hospitals (NCHs). Linear regression was used to assess how complexity, payer mix, and hospital-level characteristics affected inflation-adjusted costs.

RESULTS:
Between 2000 and 2009, the number of discharges per 1000 children increased from 6.3 to 7.7 at CHs and dropped from 55.4 to 53.3 at NCHs. The proportion of discharges at CHs grew by 6.8% between 2006 and 2009 alone. In 2009, CHs were responsible for 12.6% (95% confidence interval: 10.4%–14.9%) of pediatric discharges and 14.7% of major therapeutic procedures, yet they accounted for 23.0% of inpatient costs. Costs per discharge were significantly higher at CHs than at NCHs for all years (P &lt; .001); however, the increase in costs seen over time was not significant. Care complexity increased during the study period at both CHs and NCH, but it could not be used to fully account for the difference in costs.

CONCLUSIONS:
National trends reveal a small rise in both the proportion of inpatient discharges and the hospital costs at CHs, with costs being significantly higher at CHs than at NCHs. Research into factors influencing costs and the role of CHs is needed to inform policy and contain costs.
Satisfação dos usuários com um serviço de referência no cuidado do HIV
Authors: Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein , Koerich Micheline Henrique Araújo da Luz , Costa Veridiana Tavares , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo 
Published: November 2018

Objetivos: caracterizar a los usuarios con VIH que utilizan un servicio de referencia en el Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, y comparar la satisfacción entre los usuarios del ambulatorioe internación. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo transversal, realizado con 106 personas con VIH asistidas en un servicio de infectología en la ciudad de Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). La recolección de datos ocurrió de julio a diciembre de 2013 por medio de un formulario compuesto por cuestiones sociodemográficas y satisfacción. Para análisis de datos se utilizó el test chi-cuadrado y el software SPSS®.Resultados: la mayoría de los usuarios demostró satisfacción con el servicio en todos los aspectos: disponibilidad de los cuidados (80,2 %),oportunidad/libertad para dar sugerencias (94,3 %), satisfacción con las relaciones personales (94,3 %), acceso al servicio (87,7 %) y cuidado recibido (90 %). No hubo diferencia entre los grupos (ambulatorio e internación) en la comparación entre los aspectos relacionados con la satisfacción.Conclusión: la satisfacción de las personas viviendo con VIH se mostró positiva para los usuarios del servicio en ambulatorio y para los de la internación.
Aporte de la ética convergente a la enseñanza de bioética para investigación
Authors: Rodríguez Holguín Yanira Astrid 
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: realizar un análisis de los modos de aplicación de la teoría de la ética convergente para razonar los conflictos bioéticos que se pueden generar en investigación.Síntesis de contenido: en este artículo de reflexión se presentan razonamientos sobre la posibilidad de enseñar bioética para la investigación a partir de la teoría formulada por el filósofo Ricardo Maliandi: la ética convergente, la cual es una propuesta a la luz de la conflictividad. Se propone enseñar a partir de los conceptos y principios derivados de esta teoría, para facilitar el logro de capacidades bioéticas en los estudiantes que realicen investigación en los diferentes niveles de formación profesional en áreas de la salud, que los anticipe para atender la tensión entre principios bioéticos y los guíe para que puedan sugerir posibles formas de atenuar o equilibrar los conflictos en el proceso investigativo. La eflexión surgió luego de una etapa previa de revisión de investigaciones acerca de las prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la bioética y de la revisión exhaustiva de la teoría convergente, lo que permitió ver las bondades de esta en la formación bioética del estudiante, preparándolo para identificar y resolver los conflictos bioéticos en su práctica investigativa.Conclusión: la teoría de la convergencia permite lograr la reflexión, comprensión, argumentación, capacidad crítica y deliberación creativa para la toma de decisiones responsablescuando les surgen los conflictos bioéticos a los estudiantes, lo que resulta una alternativa útil en la praxis de la bioética.
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Pupuk Majemuk Sintesis NPK 15-15-15 dengan Pupuk Hayati Trichoderma sp. untuk Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascolanicum)
Authors: Fatchullah Deden , Masnenah Endeh , Rahman Ramdani Abdul 
Published: November 2018

Pupuk NPK mempunyai peranan penting untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman serta hasil umbi bawang merah. Salah satu cara memperbaiki hasil dan kualitas umbi bawang merah, yaitu dengan aplikasi pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dan pupuk hayati Trichoderma. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi aplikasi pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dan pupuk hayati Trichoderma sp yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan hasil dan kualitas umbi bawang merah. Penelitian dilakukan di bawah naungan plastik Balai Penelitian Tanaman sayuran, Lembang (1.250 m dpl) dari Juli – Oktober 2012. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3x3 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor I adalah dosis pupuk NPK 15-15-15 yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: 0 kg/ha, 250 kg/ha dan 500 kg/ha. Faktor II adalah pupuk hayati yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu: Trichoderma, Trichoderma + Aspergillus dan Trichoderma+ Penicillum, masing-masing dengan dosis 1010. Parameter yang diamati meliputi; tinggi tanaman, luas daun, dan bobot kering tanaman 40 hst, analisis tanaman pada 40 hst (kandungan unsur hara N, P, dan K tanaman), hasil umbi benih saat panen (jumlah umbi anakan, bobot individu umbi, bobot umbi per tanaman dan bobot umbi total), kandungan bahan kering umbi saat dipanen, analisis bobot akar (segar) bobot akar kering setelah umbi dipanen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk NPK 15-15-15 dosis 250 kg/ha yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk hayati Trichoderma + Aspergillus meningkatkan persentase akar bawang merah dengan bobot kering akar bawang merah tertinggi didapat pada perlakuan aplikasi NPK 15-15-15 dosis 250 kg/ha + pupuk hayati Trichoderma yakni 13,67. Hasil umbi bawang merah nyata meningkat dengan aplikasi pupuk hayati Trichoderma, yaitu bobot individu umbi (8,58 g), bobot umbi per rumpun tanaman (40,97 g/tanaman) dan bobot total umbi (10,24 t/ha)..
The Effect of Seed Coating with Trichoderma sp. and Application of Bokashi Fertilizer to the Quality of Soybean (Glycine max. L) Seed
Authors: Umadi Sarah Sakinah , Sumadi Sumadi , Sobarna Denny Sobardini 
Published: November 2018

The decrease of soybean productivity was caused by low quality of seed. To improve the quality of seed, soybean seed were coated with Trichoderma sp. and adding bokashi organic fertilizer. This research aimed at finding the best dose combination of Trichoderma sp. and bokashi fertilizer to improve the quality of soybeans. The research was conducted in the experiment field and Laboratory of Seed Technology at Padjadjaran University in April - August 2017. The experimental design in this research was Randomized Block Design (RBD). The treatments were the combination of four dose values of coating the seed by Trichoderma sp. (0g/100 seeds, 1g/100 seeds, 2g/100 seeds, and 3g/100 seeds) and three dose of bokashi (0g/polybag, 300g/polybag, and 600g/polybag) and each treatment was replicated three times. The experiment result showed that all treatments on soybean seeds did not affect the germination percentange, vigor index, and conductivity value, but affected the seed quantityof 600g/polybag of bokashi and without seed coating with Trichoderma sp. on 100 seed mass and seed weight per plant.
O impacto da disfunção sexual na qualidade de vida feminina: um estudo observacional
Authors: Pitiá Barreto Ana Paula , Nogueira Andrea , Teixeira Bianca , Brasil Cristina , Lemos Amanda , Lôrdelo Patrícia 
Published: November 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A saúde sexual envolve diversos componentes em relação à sexualidade, como biológico, cultural, psicológico e social. Quando alguns desses fatores são atingidos, pode-se originar um quadro de disfunção sexual. OBJETIVO: investigar a qualidade de vida em mulheres com disfunção sexual. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional comparativo, de corte transversal, realizado em mulheres de 18 a 59 anos do CAAP da EBMSP. Excluídas: mulheres com histórico de doença psiquiátrica grave, portadoras de doenças crônico-degenerativas neurológicas, com dispareunia de causas orgânicas, em tratamento fisioterapêutico e gestantes. Foi utilizado a FSFI ? 26 para o grupo com disfunção e < 26 para o grupo comparação. Instrumentos de avaliação aplicados: FSFI e 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). A comparação das medianas dos domínios do SF-36 e FSFI entre os grupos foi realizada pelo teste Mann-Whitney (teste não paramétrico), e das variáveis categóricas com a disfunção sexual foi feita a partir do teste qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: Amostra 36 paciente,18 em cada grupo. As variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas que apresentaram diferença estatística foram renda (0,001) e escolaridade (0,011). No FSFI, todos os domínios apresentaram significância (0,00). No SF-36, ao comparar os dois grupos, 06 domínios apresentaram significância estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que mulheres com disfunção sexual apresentam um impacto negativo em alguns dos aspectos da qualidade de vida. Importante salientar que, a escolaridade e a renda familiar não foram homogêneas entre os grupos, sendo assim, diante da característica do estudo, não é possível aferir relação causa e consequência na disfunção sexual com a qualidade vida das participantes.­
Political participation of communities in the Legislative General Elections (Pemilu)
Authors: Halim Rahmawati , Muhlin Muhlin , Salam Rudi 
Published: November 2018

The active involvement of the community at all stages of the election is very much needed, because our voice has an important value for the quality of democracy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the political participation of the community in the legislative elections held in the electoral district of Banggai III in Banggai District. This research was conducted in Banggai III election area, which consists of 6 districts; Bualemo, Pagimana, Lobu, Bunta, Nuhon, and Simpang Raya. The study population amounted to 101,296 people. The samples were taken using cluster sampling and random sampling, with a 5% margin of error criteria. The total sample was made up of 236 people. The type of research methodology was a survey. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The methods of data collection were observations, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that the political participation of the community involved seven variables: 1) the social and economic status of society, 2) geographic situation; 3) parental affiliation; 4) organisational experience; 5) political knowledge and awareness; 6) trust in the Government and 7) mass media socialisation and informal discussions. The social and economic status variables of the community, the experience of community organising and the trust in the Government should be taken seriously by the Regional Government and the KPU. While the models can provide positive nuances in relation to the political participation of the community such as a model capable of providing nuances such as 1) an improvement in social and economic status, 2) increased access regarding the geographical situation, 3) empowering community groups and affiliated politics, 4) improving the organisational experience of the community, 5) increasing public awareness, 6) increasing public trust to Local Government and DPRD, and 6) empowering mass media and informal discussions