bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of Improved Attitudes Toward Stuttering
Authors: St. Louis Kenneth O. , Flynn Timothy W. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This study sought to determine the extent to which experimentally induced positive attitudes in high school students in a previous investigation were maintained 7 years later.

Method
Authors and assistants recruited 36 adults in their early 20s (Follow-up group) who, in high school, had witnessed either a live oral talk by a person who stutters or a professionally made video on stuttering designed for teens followed by a short talk by the same speaker. The Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering was administered before and after the interventions in high school and 7 years later such that pre–post group comparisons were made. Previously, the Follow-up group had demonstrated highly positive changes in their attitudes after the interventions. In addition, a control group of 56 former high school students from the same state, who did not participate in the interventions, were recruited and compared to the Follow-up group.

Results
The Follow-up group, which was found to be representative of the original high school cohort, held more positive Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes–Stuttering mean ratings than the Control group, although somewhat less positive than their previous postintervention ratings.

Conclusions
The Follow-up group maintained many of the positive changes in their beliefs and self reactions regarding stuttering that were induced 7 years earlier after witnessing personal stories and facts about stuttering.
Treating Childhood Apraxia of Speech With the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol: A Phase I Pilot Study
Authors: Gomez Maryane , McCabe Patricia , Jakielski Kathy , Purcell Alison 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
A Phase I pilot study was designed to collect preliminary evidence on the use of the Kaufman Speech to Language Protocol (K-SLP; Kaufman, 2014) to treat children with childhood apraxia of speech. We hypothesized that the K-SLP approach would result in more accurate speech production in targeted words, whereas untrained (control) words and speech sounds would remain unchanged.

Method
A single-case multiple-baseline across behaviors experimental design was used to see if experimental feasibility could be demonstrated. Two children each received a total of 12 1-hr treatment sessions over 3 weeks. The children's response to treatment and experimental control was measured by administering baseline, treatment, and posttreatment probes.

Results
Both children showed some response to treatment, as measured by percent phonemes correct; however, the response to treatment varied. In general, for the treated words that improved with therapy, accuracy was maintained above baseline level during the maintenance phase. Minimal generalization was observed for this study, with only 1 participant generalizing treatment gains to 2 sets of untrained (similar) words.

Conclusion
This Phase I pilot study provides limited preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the K-SLP approach in treating childhood apraxia of speech in some children under the conditions specified in this study. Replication of these results in well-controlled studies is needed before this structured and operationalized version of the K-SLP approach can be recommended for clinical use.
Comparative analysis of breakdown spectra registered using optical spectrometry technique in biodegradable ester liquids and mineral oil
Authors: Rozga Pawel , Tabaka Przemyslaw 
Published: April 2018

This study presents the results of optical spectrometry based measurements performed in three commercial dielectric liquids: synthetic ester, natural ester, and mineral oil. The optical spectra collected concern the breakdown initiated by standard lightning impulse voltage of positive polarity in a point‐plane electrode system. The obtained results showed the differences between the spectra. The relationships between emission from atomic hydrogen (656.3 nm) and continuum concerning the wavelengths between 380 and 600 nm attributed to dissociation and fragmentation of molecules and recombination of molecular fragments were assessed as different for the distinctive liquids tested. The emission from atomic hydrogen was dominant in the case of mineral oil, however, for natural ester and first of all for synthetic ester, the light from the mentioned continuum had the highest intensity. Thus, this may be supposed that the differences in the spectra resulting from the different proportions of the physical processes responsible for the breakdown in a given liquid. It seems that in ester liquids the way for direct excitation and ionisation of liquid molecules is easier, so easier rotational and vibrational types of excitation of the high number density main molecules may take place giving a reflection in the optical spectra registered.
How much does turbulence change the pebble isolation mass for planet formation?
Authors: Ataiee S. , Baruteau C. , Alibert Y. , Benz W. 
Published: April 2018

Context. When a planet becomes massive enough, it gradually carves a partial gap around its orbit in the protoplanetary disk. A pressure maximum can be formed outside the gap where solids that are loosely coupled to the gas, typically in the pebble size range, can be trapped. The minimum planet mass for building such a trap, which is called the pebble isolation mass (PIM), is important for two reasons: it marks the end of planetary growth by pebble accretion, and the trapped dust forms a ring that may be observed with millimetre observations.
Aims. We study the effect of disk turbulence on the PIM and find its dependence on the gas turbulent viscosity, aspect ratio, and particles Stokes number.
Methods. By means of 2D gas hydrodynamical simulations, we found the minimum planet mass to form a radial pressure maximum beyond the orbit of the planet, which is the necessary condition to trap pebbles. We then carried out 2D gas plus dust hydrodynamical simulations to examine how dust turbulent diffusion impacts particles trapping at the pressure maximum. We finally provide a semi-analytical calculation of the PIM based on comparing the radial drift velocity of solids and the root mean square turbulent velocity fluctuations around the pressure maximum.
Results. From our results of gas simulations, we provide an expression for the PIM vs. disk aspect ratio and turbulent viscosity. Our gas plus dust simulations show that the effective PIM can be nearly an order of magnitude larger in high-viscosity disks because turbulence diffuse particles out of the pressure maximum. This is quantified by our semi-analytical calculation, which gives an explicit dependence of the PIM with Stokes number of particles.
Conclusions. Disk turbulence can significantly alter the PIM, depending on the level of turbulence in regions of planet formation.
Cosmic-ray ionisation in circumstellar discs
Authors: Padovani Marco , Ivlev Alexei V. , Galli Daniele , Caselli Paola 
Published: April 2018

Context.Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) are a ubiquitous source of ionisation of the interstellar gas, competing with UV and X-ray photons as well as natural radioactivity in determining the fractional abundance of electrons, ions, and charged dust grains in molecular clouds and circumstellar discs.Aims.We model the propagation of various components of Galactic CRs versus the column density of the gas. Our study is focussed on the propagation at high densities, above a few g cm−2, especially relevant for the inner regions of collapsing clouds and circumstellar discs.Methods.The propagation of primary and secondary CR particles (protons and heavier nuclei, electrons, positrons, and photons) is computed in the continuous slowing down approximation, diffusion approximation, or catastrophic approximation by adopting a matching procedure for the various transport regimes. A choice of the proper regime depends on the nature of the dominant loss process modelled as continuous or catastrophic.Results.The CR ionisation rate is determined by CR protons and their secondary electrons below ≈130 g cm−2and by electron-positron pairs created by photon decay above ≈600 g cm−2. We show that a proper description of the particle transport is essential to compute the ionisation rate in the latter case, since the electron and positron differential fluxes depend sensitively on the fluxes of both protons and photons.Conclusions.Our results show that the CR ionisation rate in high-density environments, such as the inner parts of collapsing molecular clouds or the mid-plane of circumstellar discs, is higher than previously assumed. It does not decline exponentially with increasing column density, but follows a more complex behaviour because of the interplay of the different processes governing the generation and propagation of secondary particles.
Low levels of methanol deuteration in the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I
Authors: Bøgelund Eva G. , McGuire Brett A. , Ligterink Niels F. W. , Taquet Vianney , Brogan Crystal L. , Hunter Todd R. , Pearson John C. , Hogerheijde Michiel R. , van Dishoeck Ewine F. 
Published: April 2018

Context. The abundance of deuterated molecules in a star-forming region is sensitive to the environment in which they are formed. Deuteration fractions, in other words the ratio of a species containing D to its hydrogenated counterpart, therefore provide a powerful tool for studying the physical and chemical evolution of a star-forming system. While local low-mass star-forming regions show very high deuteration ratios, much lower fractions are observed towards Orion and the Galactic centre. Astration of deuterium has been suggested as a possible cause for low deuteration in the Galactic centre.
Aims. We derive methanol deuteration fractions at a number of locations towards the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I, located at a mean distance of 1.3 kpc, and discuss how these can shed light on the conditions prevailing during its formation.
Methods. We use high sensitivity, high spatial and spectral resolution observations obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/ submillimeter Array to study transitions of the less abundant, optically thin, methanol-isotopologues: 13CH3OH, CH318OH, CH2DOH and CH3OD, detected towards NGC 6334I. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and excitation temperatures of ~120–330 K, we derive column densities for each of the species and use these to infer CH2DOH/CH3OH and CH3OD/CH3OH fractions.
Results. We derive column densities in a range of (0.8–8.3) × 1017 cm−2 for 13CH3OH, (0.13–3.4) × 1017 cm−2 for CH318OH, (0.03–1.63) × 1017 cm−2 for CH2DOH and (0.15–5.5) × 1017 cm−2 for CH3OD in a ~1″ beam. Interestingly, the column densities of CH3OD are consistently higher than those of CH2DOH throughout the region by factors of 2–15. We calculate the CH2DOH to CH3OH and CH3OD to CH3OH ratios for each of the sampled locations in NGC 6334I. These values range from 0.03% to 0.34% for CH2DOH and from 0.27% to 1.07% for CH3OD if we use the 13C isotope of methanol as a standard; using the 18 O-methanol as a standard, decreases the ratios by factors of between two and three.
Conclusions. All regions studied in this work show CH2DOH/CH3OH as well as CH2DOH/CH3OD values that are considerably lower than those derived towards low-mass star-forming regions and slightly lower than those derived for the high-mass star-forming regions in Orion and the Galactic centre. The low ratios indicate a grain surface temperature during formation ~30 K, for which the efficiency of the formation of deuterated species is significantly reduced. Therefore, astration of deuterium in the Galactic centre cannot be the explanation for its low deuteration ratio but rather the high temperatures characterising the region.
Konsensusempfehlung des Deutschen Konsortiums Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs zum Umgang mit Ergebnissen der Multigenanalyse
Authors: Waha Anke , Versmold Beatrix , Kast Karin , Kiechle Marion , Ditsch Nina , Meindl Alfons , Niederacher Dieter , Hahnen Eric , Arnold Norbert , Mundhenke Christoph , Horvath Judit , Auber Bernd , Dikow Nicola , Hauke Jan , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Riess Olaf , Schott Sarah , Speiser Dorothee , Faust Ulrike , Sutter Christian , Rhiem Kerstin , Schmutzler Rita 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Deutsche Konsortium Familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs (GC-HBOC) hat für die Analyse von Risikogenen für das familiäre Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom ein Multigen-Panel (TruRisk®) etabliert, das derzeit die Kerngene („core genes“) ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51 D und TP53 enthält, sowie weitere Gene, die aus aktuellen Forschungsarbeiten hervorgegangen sind und noch validiert werden müssen. Das syndromassoziierte Gen PTEN befindet sich hinsichtlich seiner Bedeutung in Familien mit prädominantem Brust- und Eierstockkrebs-Phänotyp derzeit ebenfalls in der Evaluation. Ein interdisziplinäres Expertenteam des GC-HBOC hat die verfügbaren Daten zur Risikomodifikation bei Vorliegen einer pathogenen (krankheitsverursachenden) Mutation in diesen Genen basierend auf einer strukturierten Literaturrecherche (Abb. 1S) und im Rahmen eines formalen Konsensusprozesses bewertet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das individuelle Erkrankungsrisiko besser einschätzen und auf dieser Basis klinische Empfehlungen ableiten zu können. Auf der Grundlage dieser evidenzbasierten Bewertung werden die Ratsuchenden in den Zentren des Deutschen Konsortiums vom Erstgespräch vor Gentest bis zur Inanspruchnahme individueller risikoadaptierter präventiver/therapeutischer Maßnahmen beraten und betreut. Dieser Artikel fasst die konsentierten Inhalte zusammen.
Unilateral Straight Hair—A Symptom of Acquired Horner's Syndrome in a Neonate
Authors: Ott Chantal , Bobylev Andrei , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Mayr Johannes 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA multicystic tumor of the right neck was detected in a girl at 29 weeks of gestation by fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The baby was delivered by cesarean section at week 37 of gestation. The newborn adapted well, with minimal compromise of breathing and drinking. Postnatal ultrasound and MRI revealed a cervical lymphangioma measuring 60.5 × 60.6 × 41.2 mm. We performed subtotal resection of the tumor when the girl was 34 days. As a complication of surgical resection, the girl developed ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. In the postoperative period, her curled hair turned straight at the side of the head affected by Horner's syndrome. At the age of 2.5 years, ultrasonic imaging revealed the presence of three cysts measuring 3 mm in diameter each. Horner's syndrome had improved, and the texture of the girl's hair had become curly again on both sides.
Stillberatung für späte Frühgeborene
Authors: Köster Hella R. 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Effektiv stillen Späte Frühgeborene adaptieren sich meistens recht gut nach der Geburt und haben überwiegend ein ausreichend hohes Geburtsgewicht, um auf
der regulären Wochenstation betreut werden zu können. Das täuscht allerdings darüber hinweg, dass sie noch eine nennenswerte organische und neurologische
Unreife aufweisen und über unzureichende Energiereserven verfügen. Eine Folge ist ineffektives Stillen mit dem Risiko für mehr oder weniger schwerwiegende
Komplikationen. Was ist bei der Stillberatung besonders zu beachten, um bei diesen Kindern effektives Stillen zu ermöglichen?
The Geopolitics of Mobility: Immigration Policy and American Global Power in the Long Twentieth Century
Authors: Kramer Paul A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
While the history of U.S. immigration policy has traditionally been directed “inward,” toward questions of American law, institutions, policy regimes, and modes of national belonging, an emerging historical scholarship is asking how U.S. immigration policy has been shaped by U.S. foreign relations. This essay draws together, builds on, and transforms this literature by foregrounding new questions of transnational, imperial, and global inequality in the making of U.S. immigration politics and policy, and by problematizing not only closures and exclusions, but selective openings in the U.S. immigration regime. Despite conventional claims that immigration is and has been a matter of “domestic” politics, in fact, U.S. immigration policy has long been self-consciously engaged with transnational realities. Indeed, as the essay argues, while serving as a way that Americans could define the nation against an “outside,” U.S. immigration policy has simultaneously been instrumentalized to project U.S. national-imperial power out into the world. This geopolitics of mobility has taken wide-ranging, overlapping, and often contradictory forms: the pursuit of labor power, the management of overseas colonies, the diffusion of U.S. goods, practices, and values, the building of legitimacy, the containment of enemies, and the rescue of friends. An imperial history of U.S. immigration control has the capacity both to frame new historical inquiries and to draw attention to the crucial ways that many migrants to the United States have already been enmeshed in U.S.-centered fields of power long before they approach the recognized boundaries of the U.S. state.
Management of left main disease: an update
Authors: Fajadet Jean , Capodanno Davide , Stone Gregg W 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

A severe narrowing of the left main coronary artery (LMCA), usually due to atherosclerosis, jeopardizes a large area of myocardium and increases the risk of major adverse cardiac events. Management strategies for LMCA disease include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In general, PCI offers more rapid recovery and a lower early adverse event rate, whereas CABG offers a more durable procedure. The largest of six LMCA trials comparing PCI with CABG recently reported that in patients with site-reported low or intermediate anatomical complexity PCI was non-inferior to CABG with respect to the composite of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction at 3 years. This result was obtained on a background of contemporary PCI standards, including safer and more effective stents, intravascular imaging and physiology assessment. This review updates on the current management of LMCA disease, with an emphasis on clinical data and procedural knowledge supporting the use of PCI in a growing proportion of patients.
Grain Intake and Clinical Outcome in Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance)
Authors: Brown Justin C , Zhang Sui , Niedzwiecki Donna , Saltz Leonard B , Mayer Robert J , Mowat Rex B , Whittom Renaud , Hantel Alexander , Benson Al , Atienza Daniel , Messino Michael , Kindler Hedy , Venook Alan , Ogino Shuji , Li Yanping , Zhang Xuehong , Ng Kimmie , Willett Walter C , Giovannucci Edward L , Fuchs Charles S , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Energy balance–related risk factors for colon cancer recurrence and mortality—type II diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and visceral obesity—are positively correlated with consumption of refined grains and negatively correlated with consumption of whole grains. We examined the relationship between the consumption of refined and whole grains with cancer recurrence and mortality in a cohort of patients with colon cancer.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational study of 1024 patients with stage III colon cancer who participated in a randomized trial of postoperative chemotherapy. Patients reported consumption of refined and whole grains using a food frequency questionnaire during and six months after chemotherapy. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models. All P values are two-sided.

Results
During a median follow-up of 7.3 years, 394 patients experienced a DFS event. The hazard ratio for DFS was 1.56 (95% CI = 1.09 to 2.24) for patients consuming three or more servings per day of refined grains compared with patients consuming less than one serving per day (Ptrend = .005). The hazard ratio for DFS was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.66 to 1.20) for patients consuming three or more servings per day of whole grains compared with patients consuming less than one serving per day (Ptrend = .54). The hazard ratio for DFS of substituting one serving per day of refined grain with one serving per day of whole grain was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.96, P = .007).

Conclusions
The choice of grain consumed may be associated with cancer recurrence and mortality. Future studies are necessary to confirm our findings and to inform the design of randomized trials.
‘And they shall Beat their Swords into…Scrapers’: Two Case Studies in the Vocabulary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic
Authors: Mastey Emmanuel 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The paper discusses two agricultural implements mentioned briefly in Talmud Yerushalmi (also known as ‘Palestinian Talmud’; edited c. 375 ce), in vernacular Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, namely (?bwyyn) and (mgzyyn). The former is a scraper used to clean dirt off the ploughshare. The latter is a pruning-hook. Both terms are analysed with regard to their lexical and morphological aspects. Special attention is paid to their Syriac cognates. Arabic vernaculars of the Levant are also examined in relation to these appliances, as they may contain remnants from Aramaic and Hebrew substrata. Although the linguistic level remains the main focus of the study, an attempt is made to identify both implements with actual tools known from archeological excavations, as well as from traditional farming methods still employed today; this is done in order to establish a firm link between the lexemes under discussion and material reality.
Contributions of Ankle, Knee, Hip, and Trunk Muscle Function to Gait Performance in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Mañago Mark M , Hebert Jeffrey R , Kittelson John , Schenkman Margaret 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
The relative importance of lower extremity and trunk muscle function to gait in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association of lower extremity and trunk muscle function with gait performance in people who have MS and mild-to-moderate disability.

Design
This was a cross-sectional, observational study.

Methods
Participants were people who had an Expanded Disability Status Scale score of ≤ 5.5. Eleven lower extremity and trunk muscles were assessed using handheld dynamometry or endurance tests. Gait performance was assessed with the Timed 25-Foot (7.62 m) Walk (T25FW) and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Regression analysis was used to quantify the association between gait outcomes and muscle variables.

Results
Seventy-two participants with MS and a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3.5 (SD = 1.14) were enrolled. Adjusted for age and sex, the multivariate model including hip abduction, ankle plantar flexion, trunk flexion, and knee flexion explained 57% of the adjusted variance in the T25FW; hip abduction, ankle plantar flexion, and trunk flexion explained 61% of the adjusted variance in the 6MWT. The strongest predictors were ankle plantar flexion endurance for the T25FW and hip abduction strength for the 6MWT: a 1-SD increase in ankle plantar flexion (15.2 heel-raise repetitions) was associated with a 0.33-second reduction in the T25WT (95% CI = − 0.71 to − 0.14 seconds); a 1-SD increase in normalized hip abduction strength (0.14 kg/body mass index) was associated with a 54.4-m increase in the 6MWT (28.99 to 79.81 m).

Limitations
Different measurement scales for independent variables were included because the muscle function assessment used either force or endurance.

Conclusions
For the major muscles in the lower extremity and trunk, hip abduction, ankle plantar flexion, trunk flexion, and knee flexion were the strongest predictors of gait performance.