bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Cytosolic Delivery Using Crystalline Nanoflowers Assembled from Fluorinated Peptoids
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Mingming , Li Suiqiong , Jin Haibao , Cai Xiaoli , Du Dan , Li He , Chen Chun‐Long , Lin Yuehe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of biocompatible nanomaterials as cargoes for the intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins or genes have attracted intense attention because of their potential for use in therapeutics. Despite the advances in this area, very few nanomaterials can be efficiently delivered to the cytosol. To address these challenges, crystalline nanoflower‐like particles are designed and synthesized from fluorinated sequence‐defined peptoids; the crystallinity and fluorination of these particles enable highly efficient cytosolic delivery with minimal cytotoxicity. A cytosol delivery rate of 80% has been achieved for the fluorinated peptoid nanoflowers. Furthermore, these nanocrystals can carry therapeutic genes, such as mRNA and effectively deliver the payload into the cytosol, demonstrating the universal delivery capability of the nanocrystals. The results indicate that self‐assembly of crystalline nanomaterials from fluorinated peptoids paves a new way toward development of nanocargoes with efficient cytosolic gene delivery capability.
MoS2/NiS Yolk–Shell Microsphere‐Based Electrodes for Overall Water Splitting and Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Qin Qing , Chen Lulu , Wei Tao , Liu Xien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRational designing of the composition and structure of electrode material is of great significance for achieving highly efficient energy storage and conversion in electrochemical energy devices. Herein, MoS2/NiS yolk–shell microspheres are successfully synthesized via a facile ionic liquid‐assisted one‐step hydrothermal method. With the favorable interface effect and hollow structure, the electrodes assembled with MoS2/NiS hybrid microspheres present remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance for both overall water splitting and asymmetric supercapacitors. In particular, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the MoS2/NiS‐based electrolysis cell for overall water splitting only needs an output voltage of 1.64 V in the alkaline medium, lower than that of Pt/C–IrO2‐based electrolysis cells (1.70 V). As an electrode for supercapacitors, the MoS2/NiS hybrid microspheres exhibit a specific capacitance of 1493 F g−1 at current density of 0.2 A g−1, and remain 1165 F g−1 even at a large current density of 2 A g−1, implying outstanding charge storage capacity and excellent rate performance. The MoS2/NiS‐ and active carbon‐based asymmetric supercapacitor manifests a maximum energy density of 31 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 155.7 W kg−1, and remarkable cycling stability with a capacitance retention of approximately 100% after 10 000 cycles.
Magnetic “Squashing” of Circulating Tumor Cells on Plasmonic Substrates for Ultrasensitive NIR Fluorescence Detection
Authors: Zhang Ru , Le Biao , Xu Wei , Guo Kai , Sun Xuming , Su Haiyang , Huang Lin , Huang Jingyi , Shen Ting , Liao Tao , Liang Yongye , Zhang John X. J. , Dai Hongjie , Qian Kun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDetection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patient's blood is an important approach to cancer diagnosis and prognosis, but has been challenging due to the rarity of cells. Here, a magnetic‐enhanced capturing of CTCs onto a plasmonic gold (pGOLD) chip, through a microfluidic immunomagnetic method, is demonstrated. Owing to the squashed/flattened morphology of cancer cells by magnetic forces and the resulting close proximity of near‐infrared (NIR) labels on cells to the pGOLD surface, an ultrahigh NIR fluorescence enhancement of ≈50–120‐fold is observed, drastically enhancing the ability of CTC detection, imaging, and analysis. Fluorescence enhanced, multiplexed protein biomarkers detection of CTCs is conducted for cancer cell spiked samples as well as CTCs in cancer patient's blood. Low CTC concentrations are detected down to ≈1 cell mL−1 with capture efficiency up to ≈90%. Mechanical manipulation of cells by magnetic and other forces on plasmonic substrates represents a promising approach to ultrasensitive bio‐analytical applications.
The influence of green energy investments on environmental quality in OECD countries
Authors: Ganda Fortune 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis empirical study analyzes the relationship between green energy investments on environmental quality in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries from 2000 to 2014. Environmental quality was disaggregated into five widely known proxies: carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. On one hand, using the system‐Generalized Method of Moments estimator, the results of this paper demonstrate that renewable energy investments, primary energy supply, and economic growth produces negative and significant relationships with the growth of carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. On the other hand, the interaction term between renewable energy and primary energy supply shows positive and significant associations with all environmental quality indicators. Furthermore, the present study finds a U‐shaped relationship between environmental quality and income for carbon emissions, greenhouse gases, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides, which did not completely confirm existence of the environmental Kuznets curve. Therefore, the overall findings of the paper suggest that renewable energy adoption is of prime importance in lowering the growth in the emission of harmful gases and combatting climate change, although energy patterns and processes in OECD countries must be revised to ensure that they are environmentally friendly.
‘Harmful Cultural Practices’ and AIDS
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter I show how ‘harmful cultural practices’ have emerged as a development issue in global conventions and policies over the past ten years starting with current policies and mapping backwards to the first step taken by the UN in 2001 at the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS. In the second section I look at the shift from the global to the national level and demonstrate how international policies have influenced national policy on AIDS and harmful cultural practices in Malawi. I use data collected from interviews and documents to show how the Malawian elite have constructed narratives around AIDS and cultural practices in Malawi; that rural people’s backwardness is to blame for high HIV prevalence rates.
How the Church Frames AIDS
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter I explore the link between religion and AIDS and analyse the influence of the church in shaping the views of the Malawian elite. I demonstrate through my interviews how the attendance of Malawian elites at church has influenced the way they think about AIDS, cultural practices and rural people. I provide the religious context in Malawi. I explore how religious elites perceive cultural practices as negative and backward, positioned against their Christian beliefs they perceive as enlightened. They perceive cultural practices as harmful because they are practiced primarily, perhaps only, in the rural areas by uneducated backward farmers—those who practice them are not modern. Regardless of how the focus on cultural practices deemed to be harmful, it is interesting how the religious elites volunteer information on sexual cultural practices and enjoy talking about them. By referring to the sexual cultural practices at length they distance themselves from the villagers who supposedly carry out these practices and conveniently apportion blame for HIV/AIDS away from them.
The Construction of Policy: Donors, AIDS and Cultural Practices
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this chapter I explore the dynamics of the policy development process and I examine theories of policy implementation. By focusing on narratives, I show that the policy process is not characterised by rational policymaking but by people’s views and interpretations. First, I analyse the process of policy construction. Second, I look at the aid game in Malawi. Third, I look at how these narratives have been passed on through education. Fourth, I present data from interviews I conducted with UNAIDS to present stakeholders’ responses to the question Does your organisation use evidence to inform policy and programmatic decisions on HIV/AIDS? I argue there are a wide range of stakeholders involved in policy construction and implementation. These stakeholders include large, and powerful bilateral and multilateral agencies, such as DFID, USAID and the World Bank, as well as international Non-governmental organisations, national NGOs, international and national faith-based organisations, and the organs of the Malawi government, both at the national and the district levels, each with its own vested interests and each with its own policies. Therefore I argue the evidence produced to apply policies is not objective but narratives shaped by various policy agendas and interests of the elites.
Conclusion and Recommendations
Authors: Page Samantha 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this conclusion I bring together the various threads of my argument. First, I summarise each chapter in relation to the themes identified and the analytical frame employed in this study. Second, I present my three key arguments. Third, I contextualise my study in terms of where we are today with AIDS at the global level and within Malawi. Fourth, I demonstrate how this study contributes to academic debates. Finally, I present recommendations to improve policies and programmes on HIV and AIDS at the international and national level.
Forbidden from the Heart: Flexible Food Taboos, Ambiguous Culinary Transgressions, and Cultural Intimacy in Hoi An, Vietnam
Authors: Avieli Nir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKiêng kỵ, literally “forbidden [from the] heart”, is the term used in Vietnam when referring to taboos, yet the sense of complete prohibition associated with taboos in Western cultures is incompatible with Vietnamese food cosmology. Based on ethnographic research conducted in the central Vietnamese town of Hoi An since the late 1990s, this chapter follows the consumption of two kinds of meats that are publically condemned but may be consumed in specific contexts: he-goat meat (thịt dê) and “jungle” meat (thịt rừng). These meats are served in food venues that specialize in alcohol and are associated with excessive drinking, extreme masculinity, and illicit social relations. Michael Herzfeld’s notion of Cultural Intimacy is applied so as to explain the ambivalence and resulting anxieties, and their alleviation.
TELS: A Novel Computational Framework for Identifying Motif Signatures of Transcribed Enhancers
Authors: Kleftogiannis Dimitrios , Ashoor Haitham , Bajic Vladimir B. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In mammalian cells, transcribed enhancers (TrEns) play important roles in the initiation of gene expression and maintenance of gene expression levels in a spatiotemporal manner. One of the most challenging questions is how the genomic characteristics of enhancers relate to enhancer activities. To date, only a limited number of enhancer sequence characteristics have been investigated, leaving space for exploring the enhancers’ DNA code in a more systematic way. To address this problem, we developed a novel computational framework, Transcribed Enhancer Landscape Search (TELS), aimed at identifying predictive cell type/tissue-specific motif signatures of TrEns. As a case study, we used TELS to compile a comprehensive catalog of motif signatures for all known TrEns identified by the FANTOM5 consortium across 112 human primary cells and tissues. Our results confirm that combinations of different short motifs characterize in an optimized manner cell type/tissue-specific TrEns. Our study is the first to report combinations of motifs that maximize classification performance of TrEns exclusively transcribed in one cell type/tissue from TrEns exclusively transcribed in different cell types/tissues. Moreover, we also report 31 motif signatures predictive of enhancers’ broad activity. TELS codes and material are publicly available at http://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/TELS.
TICA: Transcriptional Interaction and Coregulation Analyzer
Authors: Perna Stefano , Pinoli Pietro , Ceri Stefano , Wong Limsoon 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is critical to cellular processes of all organisms. Regulatory mechanisms often involve more than one transcription factor (TF) from different families, binding together and attaching to the DNA as a single complex. However, only a fraction of the regulatory partners of each TF is currently known. In this paper, we present the Transcriptional Interaction and Coregulation Analyzer (TICA), a novel methodology for predicting heterotypic physical interaction of TFs. TICA employs a data-driven approach to infer interaction phenomena from chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Its prediction rules are based on the distribution of minimal distance couples of paired binding sites belonging to different TFs which are located closest to each other in promoter regions. Notably, TICA uses only binding site information from input ChIP-seq experiments, bypassing the need to do motif calling on sequencing data. We present our method and test it on ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets, using three cell lines as reference including HepG2, GM12878, and K562. TICA positive predictions on ENCODE ChIP-seq data are strongly enriched when compared to protein complex (CORUM) and functional interaction (BioGRID) databases. We also compare TICA against both motif/ChIP-seq based methods for physical TF–TF interaction prediction and published literature. Based on our results, TICA offers significant specificity (average 0.902) while maintaining a good recall (average 0.284) with respect to CORUM, providing a novel technique for fast analysis of regulatory effect in cell lines. Furthermore, predictions by TICA are complementary to other methods for TF–TF interaction prediction (in particular, TACO and CENTDIST). Thus, combined application of these prediction tools results in much improved sensitivity in detecting TF–TF interactions compared to TICA alone (sensitivity of 0.526 when combining TICA with TACO and 0.585 when combining with CENTDIST) with little compromise in specificity (specificity 0.760 when combining with TACO and 0.643 with CENTDIST). TICA is publicly available at http://geco.deib.polimi.it/tica/.
Interplay of deformability and adhesion on localization of elastic micro-particles in blood flow
Authors: Ye Huilin , Shen Zhiqiang , Li Ying 
Published: December 2018

The margination and adhesion of micro-particles (MPs) have been extensively investigated separately, due to their important applications in the biomedical field. However, the cascade process from margination to adhesion should play an important role in the transport of MPs in blood flow. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been explored in the past. Here we numerically study the margination behaviour of elastic MPs to blood vessel walls under the interplay of their deformability and adhesion to the vessel wall. We use the lattice Boltzmann method and molecular dynamics to solve the fluid dynamics and particle dynamics (including red blood cells (RBCs) and elastic MPs) in blood flow, respectively. Additionally, a stochastic ligand–receptor binding model is employed to capture the adhesion behaviours of elastic MPs on the vessel wall. Margination probability is used to quantify the localization of elastic MPs at the wall. Two dimensionless numbers are considered to govern the whole process: the capillary number$Ca$, denoting the ratio of viscous force of fluid flow to elastic interfacial force of MP, and the adhesion number$Ad$, representing the ratio of adhesion strength to viscous force of fluid flow. We systematically vary them numerically and a margination probability contour is obtained. We find that there exist two optimal regimes favouring high margination probability on the plane$Ca{-}Ad$. The first regime, namely region I, is that with high adhesion strength and moderate particle stiffness; the other one, region II, has moderate adhesion strength and large particle stiffness. We conclude that the existence of optimal regimes is governed by the interplay of particle deformability and adhesion strength. The corresponding underlying mechanism is also discussed in detail. There are three major factors that contribute to the localization of MPs: (i) near-wall hydrodynamic collision between RBCs and MPs; (ii) deformation-induced migration due to the presence of the wall; and (iii) adhesive interaction between MPs and the wall. Mechanisms (i) and (iii) promote margination, while (ii) hampers margination. These three factors perform different roles and compete against each other when MPs are located in different regions of the flow channel, i.e. near-wall region. In optimal region I, adhesion outperforms deformation-induced migration; and in region II, the deformation-induced migration is small compared to the coupling of near-wall hydrodynamic collision and adhesion. The finding of optimal regimes can help the understanding of localization of elastic MPs at the wall under the adhesion effect in blood flow. More importantly, our results suggest that softer MP or stronger adhesion is not always the best choice for the localization of MPs.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM WITHOUT EQUALITY? RELIGIOUS MINORITIES AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION IN ARGENTINA
Authors: Vives Juan Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Argentine Constitution contains two provisions regarding church-state relations. The first one recognizes the right of all people to the free exercise of religion. The second one provides that the state must financially support the Catholic Church. Based on this latter clause, over the years a complex regulatory scheme has been developed that differentiates that church from all the other churches and religions. Those differences are addressed in this article. The author argues that the religious establishment does not depend only on how the state defines itself (e.g., through a declaration in the constitution), but also on the way in which it treats people based on their religion. If that treatment is unequal—for example, when there are legal privileges only to a single church—then there is a kind of establishment of religion. It has been claimed that the religious establishment is not itself incompatible with religious freedom. In arguing that religious minorities can hold a different opinion, the author offers a brief account of the problems faced by non-Catholic faith communities in Argentina because of the state's unequal treatment. Finally, the author analyzes whether the reasons given to justify the legal differences between religions are acceptable. Otherwise, it could be said that there is discrimination—at least, in a broad sense—against religious minorities. While this article focuses on the Argentine case, the issues addressed are relevant to any country dealing with the unequal treatment of people based on their religion.
Photographic copyright and the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court in historical perspective
Authors: Cooper Elena , Burrow Sheona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an in-depth case study of the enforcement of copyright in photographs by certain rights-owners today: freelance professional photographers who derive income from the exploitation of photographic copyright. Referring to the theoretical framework of Guido Calabresi and A Douglas Melamed, the paper reflects on the implications of the case study for the nature and function of copyright in a specific context today. Bringing the experience today into conversation with the enforcement of copyright by professional photographers in past times (the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries), the paper notes the influence of the bureaucratisation of copyright exploitation (ie exploitation through picture libraries) on legal decision making in a particular forum today: the Intellectual Property Enterprise Court Small Claims Track. The paper concludes with more general reflections on the case study's implications for the courts and copyright policy-makers today.
Climate control on alluvial sediment storage in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains since the late Pleistocene
Authors: Olszak Janusz , Kukulak Józef , Alexanderson Helena 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNumerical dating and geomorphic studies on alluvial sediment were undertaken in the uppermost reaches of the Dunajec River catchment in the northern foreland of the Tatra Mountains of Poland. Successions of alluvial deposits in river terraces and alluvial fans are common in this region. In particular, alluvial fans deposited a thick succession of sediment in the intramontane Orawa–Nowy Targ Depression, and terraces are preserved as two cut-and-fill and six strath terraces along the uplifting sections of river courses. We identify several alluviation phases within the alluvial successions that occurred since Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 6. These sediments show that deposition largely occurred under temperate-climate conditions. This is in spite of a potential strong impact from headwater glaciers under cold-climate conditions. Glacially produced sediments were largely stored within frontal moraines and proglacial floodplains. These glaciogenic sediments were eroded and resedimented during glacier retreat. We therefore conclude that “warm” alluviation is the dominant process forming alluvial successions in this region.
Science and islands in Indo-Pacific worlds
Authors: KROUPA SEBESTIAN , MAWSON STEPHANIE J. , BRIXIUS DORIT 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis Introduction offers a conceptualization of the Indo-Pacific, its islands and their place within the history of science. We argue that Indo-Pacific islands present a remarkable combination of social, political and spatial circumstances, which speak to themes that are central to the history of science. Having driven movements of people and represented staging grounds for explorations, expansions and cross-cultural exchanges, these spaces have been at the forefront of historical change. The historiographies of the two oceans have traditionally emphasized indigenous agency while downplaying European historical trajectories, and therefore they provide historians of science with materials and methodologies that promise nuanced portrayals of knowledge production in cross-cultural settings. Rather than unifying the oceans into a cohesive narrative, we seek to uncover the many horizons of Indo-Pacific worlds and pluralize the spaces within which knowledge travelled at specific times, but not at others. Offering a middle plane between the globe and the region, islands are particularly productive sites for such analyses, as they bring to attention both localized kinds of agency and the impacts of colonialism and globalization. This special issue investigates what happens to knowledge within island spaces and demonstrates that even as small strips of land, islands can significantly enhance our understanding of the practices of knowledge making within the broader contours of world history. In bringing to the fore the contributions of actors from across the wider social spectrum and, especially, the interacting roles of indigenous agents and their traditions, Indo-Pacific worlds thus offer exciting new directions for a field which has often been dominated by a focus on European institutions.