bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PID Controller of a Car with Quarter Body Active Suspension System
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H , Bash Adel M 
Published: January 2019

The physical isolation of the cause and effect of the car model from the other environment (i.e car body from the car tires) called the suspension system. The goal of any system suspension is to increase the ride comfort, road handling and stability of closed loop system. The suspension design must be compensate the effect of conflicting criteria of road holding, both passenger comfort and load carrying. In this research, active suspension system has been introduced. A quarter-car two degree-of-freedom (2DOF) system is designed and constructed to simulate the actions of an active quarter car suspension system. White noise input is introduced to a given system to expressed unpaved road and both step input and sine wave input are studied as well. The control strategy is based on two degree of freedom PID controller. (MATLAB/ Simulink) is used to verify the proposed algorithm. The comparison between the passive and active suspension and the results obtained from a range of road input simulations in the proposed algorithm shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and best results are obtained.©
© 2019 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association
Evaluations of Financial Performance Indicators Based on Factor Analysis in Automotive
Authors: Hornungová Jana , Milichovský František 
Published: January 2019

The automotive industry is one of the most significant contributors to the economy of the European Union. This industry employs the largest number highly skilled labors and is a key driver of Europe’s innovation and knowledge so it is an interesting area for research work. Data from 422 subjects in four parts of Europe (include twenty-five countries) have been analyzed. Authors used the factor analysis to eliminate information duplication and reduce dimensionality. At the same time, Pearson’s chi-square test was used to find possible dependencies between observed factors and company size and region of the company. The research brings the conclusion that an alternative hypothesis is applied – all four defined connection between observed indexes and corporate size and region reach accurate values and there is confirmed dependency between them. At the end of the paper, the corresponding map was constructed for graphical representation of both row and column categories and variables. Western companies are at the top of the performance level. Vice versa, southern companies incline to the first quartile, what means they are not focused on performance measurement. The research is focused on the area of performance in the automotive industry in Europe region during last five years. The main aim of this paper is to find key indicators in grouped factors in the field of financial performance of automotive companies because performance is a crucial issue for all individuals and organizations.
Aplicación de bacterias benéficas como modelo experimental para la reducción de sólidos y conductividad en aguas residuales
Authors: Pimentel Gumercindo , Flores Roderick , Alfaro Yennifer , Villarreal Dayana , De la Cruz Alexis 
Published: January 2019

Se adicionó Pseudomona aeruginosa y Pseudomona fluorescens a agua residual de procedencia urbana para
determinar la capacidad de reducción de sólidos suspendidos mediante ensayo de laboratorio en tres tratamientos y tres repeticiones en la unidad de investigación microbiológica del CRU-Azuero en junio de 2017, se encontró que, P. aeruginosa disminuyó la concentración de sólidos disueltos de 1,24 g (control) a 0,03g, y la conductividad a 235 μS/cm, en mayor proporción que P. fluorescens y cultivo mixto, observado a través de los valores obtenidos en los 5 días de tratamiento. De esta manera se estima que P. aeruginosa resulta efectiva en la biorremediacion de aguas residuales.
Movilidad urbana en el Campus Central de la Universidad de Panamá: Caso de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño y la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación
Authors: Castañeda Ángela , Ocampo Gigiola , Sánchez Karen , Perén Jorge 
Published: January 2019

La población del Campus Central de la Universidad de Panamá (UP) es de 25,824 estudiantes, 1,500 profesores y
1,445 administrativos aproximadamente. La movilidad urbana de los usuarios puede tener un impacto en su rutina diaria y en su calidad de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar la movilidad urbana de los usuarios de dos facultades del campus central de la UP: (1) la Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño y (2) la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación y realizar una comparación entre ambas facultades que sirva de base para futuras políticas de movilidad en el campus universitario de la UP. Se aplicó una encuesta al 15% de los estudiantes, administrativos y profesores de ambas facultades. Los resultados destacan que para la Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño la mayoría de su población reside en Bethania (11.48%), Bella Vista (9.84%) y Juan Díaz (9.43%); los medios de transporte más usados son: (metro y taxi, bus y carro, etc.), automóvil y bus. Para la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, los tres corregimientos con más población del campus son Bethania (10.13%), Juan Díaz (10.13%) y Tocumen (8.23%); los medios de transporte más usados son: (metro y taxi, bus y carro, etc.), metro bus y bus.
Experiencias del Hash en la vida informática
Authors: Barrera Maxs , Santana Luis , Pereira Radames , Tejedor María Yahaira 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo resalta el proceso de generación de llaves codificadas y, los métodos Hash asociados al mismo y las
colisiones que ocurren tras dicha transformación. La tecnología dentro de este contexto está orientada primordialmente a buscar diferentes alternativas para proteger la información almacenada, por ejemplo través de la encriptación de llaves, minimizando el riesgo de que esta pueda alterarse o perderse, aprovechando al máximo el espacio de almacenamiento. Finalmente, se trabajó en el aporte de un nuevo método sobre la base de dos fórmulas, una que genera la llave y otra que se usa en caso de que ocurra una colisión, ya que después del análisis y prueba de algunos de los métodos existentes se evidenciaron vacíos al momento de contrarrestar colisiones, oportunidad que aprovechamos y que sometemos a consideración.
Increase of Eosinophil in Dialysate during Induction of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Shigemoto Emi , Mizuno Masashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kazuma , Sakata Fumiko , Kariya Tetsuyoshi , Katsuno Takayuki , Maruyama Shoichi , Ito Yasuhiko 
Published: January 2019

As a rare complication in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), increase of eosinophil (peritoneal dialysate fluid [PDF] eosinophilia), including eosinophilic peritonitis, was observed in PDF. The majority of eosinophilic peritonitis cases are detected during the early phase of PD induction. However, the frequency of and mechanisms underlying PDF eosinophilia remain unclear. We therefore investigated the frequency of PDF eosinophilia and what mechanisms, specifically complement activation, might contribute to its occurrence. In 48 patients, eosinophil counts and concentrations of complement activation products, such as C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-6 in PDF were evaluated on days 1, 2, and 4 after starting PD therapy. We focused on the relationships between patient background characteristics and eosinophil counts and levels of C3a, C5a, and sC5b-9 as complement activation products in PDF. In 33.3% of PD patients, increased PDF eosinophils were observed on day 1. Eosinophil counts correlated with PDF levels of C3a on days 1 and 2, IL-5 on days 1, 2, and 4, and IL-6 on day 1. In terms of background characteristics, only the duration the PD catheter was left in place differed significantly between PDF eosinophilia and non-PDF eosinophilia. Notably, PDF levels of C3a differed significantly between patients with and without eosinophilia, suggesting that C3a might be a candidate for induction of increased eosinophil. PDF eosinophilia was frequently observed during PD initiation. Our results suggest that PD catheter insertion and complement activation might be related to increases in eosinophils in PDF during PD initiation.
Eigen Reconstruction of Perturbations to the Primordial Tensor Power Spectrum
Authors: Farhang M. , Sadr A. Vafaei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We explore the potential of the B-mode anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation to constrain the shape of the primordial tensor power spectrum in a model-independent way. We expand possible perturbations to the power-law primordial tensor spectrum (predicted by the simplest single-field, slow-roll inflationary models) using various sets of localized and nonlocalized basis functions and construct the Fisher matrix for their amplitudes. The eigen analysis of the Fisher matrix would then yield a hierarchy of uncorrelated perturbation patterns (called tensor eigenmodes or TeMs), which are rank-ordered according to their measurability by data. We find that the first three TeMs are expected to be constrainable within a few percent by the next generation of B-mode experiments. We discuss how the method can be iteratively used to reconstruct the observable part of any general deviation from the fiducial power spectrum.
Quenching Black Hole Accretion by Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback
Authors: Bu De-Fu , Yang Xiao-Hong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Observations of many dim galactic nuclei in the local universe give good estimations of gas density and temperature at the Bondi radius. If we assume the black hole accretes at the Bondi accretion rate and radiates at the efficiency of a low-luminosity hot accretion flow, the predicted nuclei luminosity can be significantly higher than that seen in observations. Therefore, the real black hole mass accretion rate in these sources may be significantly smaller than the Bondi value. Active galactic nucleus feedback may be responsible for decreasing the black hole accretion rate to values much smaller than the Bondi rate. We perform two-dimensional simulations of low-angular-momentum accretion flow at parsec and subparsec scales around low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs). We take into account the radiation and wind feedbacks of the LLAGN. The cross section of particle–particle interaction can be several orders of magnitude larger than that of photon–particle interaction. Therefore, we find that for the LLAGNs, the effects of radiation feedback in decreasing black hole accretion rates are small. However, wind feedback can effectively decrease the black hole mass accretion rate. Due to the decrease of the accretion rate, the black hole luminosity can be decreased by a factor of ∼33–400. These results may be useful for explaining why many galactic nuclei in the local universe are so dim.
Broadband Spectral Energy Distributions of SDSS-selected Quasars and of Their Host Galaxies: Intense Activity at the Onset of AGN Feedback
Authors: Bianchini Federico , Fabbian Giulio , Lapi Andrea , Gonzalez-Nuevo Joaquin , Gilli Roberto , Baccigalupi Carlo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present the mean spectral energy distribution (SED) of a sample of optically selected quasars (QSOs) at redshifts of 1 ≤ z ≤ 5. To derive it, we exploit photometric information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey, and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer surveys in combination with a stacking analysis of Herschel, AKARI, and Planck maps at the location of the QSOs. The near-UV and optical parts of the reconstructed mean rest-frame SED are similar to those found in other studies. However, the SED shows an excess at 1–2 μm (when compared to the aforementioned SEDs normalized in the near UV) and a prominent bump around 4–6 μm, followed by a decrease out to ∼20 μm and a subsequent far-IR bump. From the fitted SEDs, we estimate the average active galactic nucleus (AGN) luminosity L
AGN and star formation rate (SFR) as a function of cosmic time, finding typical

erg s−1 and SFR ∼50–1000 M
⊙ yr−1. We develop mid-IR-based criteria to split the QSO sample, finding that these allow us to move along the average relationship in the SFR versus L
AGN diagram toward increasing AGN luminosities. When interpreted in the context of the in situ coevolution scenario presented by Lapi et al., our results suggest that the detection in the far-IR band is an effective criterion to select objects where the star formation is on the verge of being affected by energy/momentum feedback from the central AGN.
Relativistic Jets in Core-collapse Supernovae
Authors: Piran Tsvi , Nakar Ehud , Mazzali Paolo , Pian Elena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
After decades of extensive research the mechanism driving core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) is still unclear. One common mechanism is a neutrino-driven outflow, but others have been proposed. Among those, a long-standing idea is that jets play an important role in supernova (SN) explosions. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) that accompany “hypernovae,” rare and powerful CCSNe, involve relativistic jets. A GRB jet punches a hole in the stellar envelope and produces the observed gamma-rays far outside the progenitor star. While SNe and jets coexist in long GRBs (LGRBs), the relationship between the mechanisms driving the hypernova and the jet is unknown. Also unclear is the relationship between the rare hypernovae and the more common CCSNe. Here we present observational evidence that indicates that choked jets are active in CCSNe that are not associated with GRBs. A choked jet deposits all its energy in a cocoon. The cocoon eventually breaks out from the star, releasing energetic material at very high, yet sub-relativistic, velocities. This fast-moving material engulfs the star leading to a unique detectable very broad line absorption signature in early time SN spectra. We find a clear evidence for this signature in several CCSNe, all involving progenitors that have lost all, or most, of their hydrogen envelope prior to the explosion. These include CCSNe that do not harbor GRBs or any other relativistic outflows. Our findings suggest a continuum of central engine activities in different types of CCSNe and call for rethinking of the explosion mechanism of CCSNe.
Photo images, 3D/CT data and mtDNA of the freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with SEM/EDS analysis of the shell
Authors: Kano Yuichi , Kurita Yoshihisa , Kanno Kazuki , Saito Kengo , Hayashi Hironori , Onikura Norio , Yamasaki Takeshi 
Published: January 2019

Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae), which are keystone species of freshwater ecosystems, are in global decline. In addition to ecological/genetic studies, morphological examinations are needed to help provide information for the development of additional freshwater mussel studies and eventually conservation efforts for freshwater ecosystems.The microscopic structure, which can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental composition, which can be obtained with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), of mollusc shells are of interest to malacologists. However, information about freshwater mussels is still limited.Kyushu Island is the southernmost island of the four major islands of Japan. Kyushu Island is a hotspot of bitterling fishes in Japan, which simultaneously means that the island is a hotspot of freshwater mussels. The Ryukyu Islands stretch southwest from Kyushu Island to Taiwan; a freshwater mussel of unknown origin was reported from the Ryukyu Islands.Digital archiving for biology and ecology is a continuing challenge for open science. This data paper describes online published photo images, 3D/CT and mtDNA data and SEM/EDS analyses of the shell of freshwater mussels that inhabit the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Our data will provide basic information regarding freshwater biology and be of public interest as open science.Photo images, 3D/CT data, mtDNA data, SEM images and EDS elemental analysis of freshwater mussels that inhabit the Kyushu and Ryukyu Islands (61 individuals, nine species/subspecies) were published online in a local database (http://ffish.asia/Unionidae3D), GBIF (http://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?r=unionidae3d) and DDBJ/EMBL/Genbank (LC431810–LC431840).
Akt-1 and Akt-2 Differentially Regulate the Development of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Controlling Proliferation of Thymus-Derived Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Ouyang Song , Zeng Qiuming , Tang Na , Guo Hui , Tang Rong , Yin Weifan , Wang Aimin , Tang Hongyu , Zhou Jiru , Xie Hong , Langdon Wallace Y. , Yang Huan , Zhang Jian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Akt isoforms play key roles in multiple cellular processes; however, the roles of Akt-1 and Akt-2 isoforms in the development of T cell–mediated autoimmunity are poorly defined. In this study, we showed that Akt1−/− mice develop ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, whereas Akt2−/− mice develop exacerbated EAE, compared with wild-type mice. At the cellular level, Akt-1 appears to inhibit proliferation of thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs), which facilitates Ag-specific Th1/Th17 responses. In a sharp contrast to Akt-1, Akt-2 potentiates tTreg proliferation in vitro and in vivo and suppresses Ag-specific Th1/Th17 responses. Furthermore, treating mice with established EAE with a specific Akt-1 inhibitor suppressed disease progression. Our data demonstrate that Akt-1 and Akt-2 differentially regulate the susceptibility of mice to EAE by controlling tTreg proliferation. Our data also indicate that targeting Akt-1 is a potential therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis in humans.
Changes in African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) faecal steroid concentrations post-defaecation
Authors: Webber Judith T. , Henley Michelle D. , Pretorius Yolanda , Somers Michael J. , Ganswindt Andre 
Published: January 2019

Background: Faecal hormone metabolite measurement is a widely used tool for monitoring reproductive function and response to stressors in wildlife. Despite many advantages of this technique, the delay between defaecation, sample collection and processing may influence steroid concentrations, as faecal bacterial enzymes can alter steroid composition post-defaecation.Objectives: This study investigated changes in faecal glucocorticoid (fGCM), androgen (fAM) and progestagen (fPM) metabolite concentrations in faeces of a male and female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) post-defaecation and the influence of different faeces-drying regimes.Method: Subsamples of fresh faeces were frozen after being dried in direct sun or shade for 6, 20, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 and 34 days. A subset of samples for each sex was immediately frozen as controls. Faecal hormone metabolite concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays established for fGCM, fAM and fPM monitoring in male and female African elephants.Results: Hormone metabolite concentrations of all three steroid classes were stable at first, but changed distinctively after 20 h post-defaecation, with fGCM concentrations decreasing over time and fPM and fAM concentrations steadily increasing. In freeze-dried faeces fGCM concentrations were significantly higher than respective concentrations in sun-dried material, which were in turn significantly higher than fGCM concentrations in shade-dried material. In contrast, fAM concentrations were significantly higher in sun- and shade-dried faeces compared to freeze-dried faeces. Higher fPM concentrations were also found in air-dried samples compared to lyophilised faeces, but the effect was only significant for sun-dried material.Conclusion: The revealed time restriction for collecting faecal material for hormone monitoring from elephants in the wild should be taken into account to assure reliable and comparable results. However, if logistics allow a timely collection, non-invasive hormone measurement remains a powerful and reliable approach to provide information about an elephant’s endocrine status.
The rivalry between online and direct selling – Is there a winner?
Authors: Wait Marius 
Published: January 2019

Orientation: With the advancement of technology and intense competition, many traditional direct selling companies have had to include an online sales channel to their offerings.Research purpose: This study investigated the adoption of technology concerning online selling in the direct selling environment.Motivation for the study: This study investigated whether there is a ‘winner’ between direct selling and online selling, as well as identifying the threats, impact and future of online selling in the direct selling environment.Research design, approach and method: The study adopted a qualitative approach. A postcard-type, open-ended questionnaire was used to collect data from the directors of the direct selling companies. The collected data was analysed using inductive content analysis.Main findings: The main results indicate that online selling is here to stay and there is no winner between these two forms of selling.Practical/managerial implications: Managers should adopt a flexible approach to multichannel retailing as consumers dictate the consumption of sales channels in a multichannel sales arena.Contribution/value-add: Although this paper contributes on three levels – namely, theoretical, methodological and practical – it is the practical contribution that adds the biggest value and there is no golden formula in the structure of this multichannel sales system.
“Pode pará” – Verbo Modal nas Sentenças Imperativas do Português Brasileiro: uma análise semântico-pragmática
Authors: Leal Ednei De Souza , Antunes Roger Alfredo De Marci Rodrigues , Conde Dirceu Cleber 
Published: January 2019

Neste trabalho, procuraremos sugerir uma interpretação semântico-pragmática para as Sentenças Imperativas (Imp) no Português Brasileiro (PB) que se utilizam do verbo modal/operador modal “pode/poder”, ao contrário de outras interpretações que se constatam na literatura especializada, as quais sejam: interpretações sintáticas das Imp ou de uma semântica de base funcionalista. Aqui, ao contrário, procuraremos sugerir interpretações das Imp, tendo como fundamentação teórica as teorias Pragmáticas de Atos de Fala e um modelo bastante simplificado de Semântica Formal. A razão e o estímulo para tal trabalho surgem da leitura de Jary e Kissine (2014), obra que justamente procura interpretações semânticas e pragmáticas para as Imp. Assim, das diversas propostas teóricas apresentadas por aqueles autores, tomamos como pressuposto justamente a Semântica denotacional verifuncional e a Pragmática de Atos de Fala para procurar mostrar uma possibilidade de interpretação das Imp em PB.
Role of Occupational Therapy Practitioners in Mass Market Technology Research and Development
Authors: Proffitt Rachel , Schwartz Jaclyn K. , Foreman Matthew , Smith Roger O. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Performance of many activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living involve technology, such as an electric toothbrush or a self-checkout register at the grocery store. Unfortunately, more than 60 million people with disabilities in the United States struggle to use these technologies because of inaccessible designs. Occupational therapy practitioners have a unique expertise in the design of accessible equipment. Practitioners have been involved in the design of adaptive and assistive equipment targeting use by people with disabilities since occupational therapy’s beginnings. However, few occupational therapy professionals currently work in the research and development of everyday technologies. This article explores the role of the occupational therapy practitioner on the technology design team, discusses barriers to current practice, and makes recommendations to the profession.