bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment‐concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family of peptides on MK‐801‐induced schizophrenia models
Authors: Mutlu Oguz , Páleníček Tomáš , Pinterová Nikola , Šíchová Klára , Horáček Jiří , Holubová Kristina , Höschl Cyril , Stuchlík Aleš , Erden Faruk , Valeš Karel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe adipokinetic and red pigment‐concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family of peptides controls fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism in insects. In our previous study, we showed that AKH possesses antidepressant, anxiolytic, and analgesic effects, causes hyperlocomotion, and exerts neuroprotective effects and increased brain neurotrophic factors in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Anax imperator AKH (Ani‐AKH), Libellula auripennis AKH (Lia‐AKH), and Phormia‐Terra hypertrehalosemic hormone (Pht‐HrTH) on MK‐801‐induced memory deterioration in the active allothetic place avoidance test (AAPA) and MK‐801‐induced sensorimotor gating deficit in the prepulse inhibition test (PPI). In the AAPA task, Long–Evans rats were treated with Ani‐AKH (2 mg/kg), Lia‐AKH (2 mg/kg), Pht‐HrTH (2 mg/kg), MK‐801 (0.15 mg/kg), and the combination of MK‐801 with the hormones subchronically. In the prepulse inhibition test, Wistar albino rats were treated with Ani‐AKH (1 mg/kg), Lia‐AKH (1 mg/kg), Pht‐HrTH (1 mg/kg), MK‐801 (0.1 mg/kg), or the combination of MK‐801 with hormones acutely before the test. In our study, Ani‐AKH (2 mg/kg), Lia‐AKH (2 mg/kg), and Pht‐HrTH (2 mg/kg) reversed MK‐801 (0.15 mg/kg)‐induced cognitive memory impairment effects in the AAPA task. Lia‐AKH (1 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the MK‐801‐induced PPI disruption, while Ani‐AKH (1 mg/kg) partially potentiated the impairment caused by MK‐801, and Pht‐HrTH did not modify the effect of MK‐801. In conclusion, AKH had no effect in sensorimotor gating deficits in the PPI test in schizophrenia model while AKH improved memory in the schizophrenia model of MK‐801.
Mix and match of the tumor metastasis suppressor Nm23 protein isoforms in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Potel Clement M. , Fasci Domenico , Heck Albert J.R. 
Published: June 2018

Nm23/NME was identified 30 years ago as the first metastatic gene suppressor family. Despite extensive studies, the mechanism of action behind the observed antimetastatic potential of Nm23 has remained largely unresolved. Human Nm23 is present in various isoforms, of which Nm23‐H1 and Nm23‐H2 are by far the most dominant. Both isoforms are multifunctional enzymes involved in important cellular processes, through their nucleic acid binding ability, their protein–protein interactions and/or their histidine kinase activity. Although Nm23‐H1 and Nm23‐H2 exhibit 88% sequence homology, they often are considered to have distinct biological functions. Here, we developed an efficient and robust purification protocol to pull‐down Nm23 isoforms in their native state. We applied this protocol to purify both overexpressed isoform pure as well as endogenous Nm23 proteins from several human cell lines and mouse brain tissue. Subsequent native mass spectrometry (MS) analysis revealed that all purified Nm23 samples form hexamers, whereby the endogenous protein assembly is primarily present as heterohexamers formed by statistical association of the Nm23‐H1 and Nm23‐H2 isoforms. Therefore, we conclude that isoform‐pure hexameric Nm23 complexes scarcely exist in vivo. We also used native and top‐down MS to investigate the histidine autophosphorylation activity of purified Nm23 assemblies. Our data in fine challenge the biological relevance of studying the genes/proteins Nm23‐H1 and Nm23‐H2 individually.
Carbon assimilation and transfer through kelp forests in the NE Atlantic is diminished under a warmer ocean climate
Authors: Pessarrodona Albert , Moore Pippa J. , Sayer Martin D. J. , Smale Dan A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlobal climate change is affecting carbon cycling by driving changes in primary productivity and rates of carbon fixation, release and storage within Earth's vegetated systems. There is, however, limited understanding of how carbon flow between donor and recipient habitats will respond to climatic changes. Macroalgal‐dominated habitats, such as kelp forests, are gaining recognition as important carbon donors within coastal carbon cycles, yet rates of carbon assimilation and transfer through these habitats are poorly resolved. Here, we investigated the likely impacts of ocean warming on coastal carbon cycling by quantifying rates of carbon assimilation and transfer in Laminaria hyperborea kelp forests—one of the most extensive coastal vegetated habitat types in the NE Atlantic—along a latitudinal temperature gradient. Kelp forests within warm climatic regimes assimilated, on average, more than three times less carbon and donated less than half the amount of particulate carbon compared to those from cold regimes. These patterns were not related to variability in other environmental parameters. Across their wider geographical distribution, plants exhibited reduced sizes toward their warm‐water equatorward range edge, further suggesting that carbon flow is reduced under warmer climates. Overall, we estimated that Laminaria hyperborea forests stored ~11.49 Tg C in living biomass and released particulate carbon at a rate of ~5.71 Tg C year−1. This estimated flow of carbon was markedly higher than reported values for most other marine and terrestrial vegetated habitat types in Europe. Together, our observations suggest that continued warming will diminish the amount of carbon that is assimilated and transported through temperate kelp forests in NE Atlantic, with potential consequences for the coastal carbon cycle. Our findings underline the need to consider climate‐driven changes in the capacity of ecosystems to fix and donate carbon when assessing the impacts of climate change on carbon cycling.
Changes in Occupational Tasks and Their Association with Individual Wages and Occupational Mobility
Authors: Fedorets Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study provides novel evidence on the relevance of task content changes between and within occupations to wage dynamics of occupational changers and stayers. I use individual-level, cross-sectional data featuring tasks performed on the job to compute a measure of proximity of job contents. Then, I merge this measure to a large-scale panel survey to show that occupational changers experience a wage growth that is declining when the accompanying alterations in task contents are big. For occupational stayers, alterations in task contents generate a positive wage component, beyond tenure effect. However, the results are not robust with respect to the choice of proximity measure and over time.
Conceptualization and Calibration of Anisotropic Alluvial Systems: Pitfalls and Biases
Authors: Gianni Guillaume , Doherty John , Brunner Philip 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhysical properties of alluvial environments typically feature a high degree of anisotropy and are characterized by dynamic interactions between the surface and the subsurface. Hydrogeological models are often calibrated under the assumptions of isotropic hydraulic conductivity fields and steady‐state conditions. We aim at understanding how these simplifications affect predictions of the water table using physically based models and advanced calibration and uncertainty analysis approaches based on singular value decomposition and Bayesian analysis. Specifically, we present an analysis of the information content provided by steady‐state hydraulic data compared to transient data with respect to the estimation of aquifer and riverbed hydraulic properties. We show that assuming isotropy or fixed anisotropy may generate biases both in the estimation of aquifer and riverbed parameters as well as in the predictive uncertainty of the water table. We further demonstrate that the information content provided by steady‐state hydraulic heads is insufficient to jointly estimate the aquifer anisotropy together with the aquifer and riverbed hydraulic conductivities and that transient data can help to reduce the predictive uncertainty to a greater extent. The outcomes of the synthetic analysis are applied to the calibration of a dynamic and anisotropic alluvial aquifer in Switzerland (The Rhône River). The results of the synthetic and real world modeling and calibration exercises documented herein provide insight on future data acquisition as well as modeling and calibration strategies for these environments. They also provide an incentive for evaluation and estimation of commonly made simplifying assumptions in order to prevent underestimation of the predictive uncertainty.
The Arab Spring and politics in West Africa
Authors: Afolayan Adeshina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the first part of the essay, I outlined the theoretical underpinning of the modern state and how it generated a paradoxical relationship with the concept of revolution. This conceptual exercise is necessary because it yields huge political significance in a people's desire to master their own destiny, and also for the understanding of the democratic and development dynamics in West Africa. In spite of the intellectual and media popularity that the Arab Spring has enjoyed, especially within its scholarly framing as a significant set of political actions, the consequentialist argument presented in this paper points attention to the outcomes rather than the processes that constitute the Arab Spring. I argue that a revolutionary situation ought to lead to the consequences of expanding the capacities that define the freedom of the citizenry. On the one hand, I argue that the Arab Spring does not qualify as species of revolutions because it falls short of what the freedom argument requires. On the other hand, I deploy the argument against the Arab Spring to interrogate the question: How does the nature of the postcolonial West African state generate the socioeconomic conditions that either augment the freedom of the citizens or aggravate the revolutionary quest for that freedom? I conclude by arguing that the freedom to enlarge the capacities of the citizenry serves as the first conceptual point from which West Africa can be transformed as a democratic hub that escapes the anarchy unleashed by the Arab Spring.
Effect of the combination of several irrigants on dentine surface properties, adsorption of chlorhexidine and adhesion of microorganisms to dentine
Authors: Tartari T. , Wichnieski C. , Bachmann L. , Jafelicci M. , Silva R. M. , Letra A. , van der Hoeven R. , Duarte M. A. H. , Bramante C. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of combinations of several irrigants on the roughness and wettability of dentine, adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans and adsorption of chlorhexidine (CHX) to the dentine.MethodologyBovine dentine samples were prepared and their surface roughness standardized. The samples were distributed in groups (n = 10) and subjected to one of the following irrigation protocols: G1 – saline solution; G2 – sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G3 – NaOCl + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); G4 – NaOCl + peracetic acid (PAA); G5 – NaOCl + 1‐hydroxyethylidene‐1,1‐diphosphonic acid (HEDP); G6 – NaOCl + EDTA + CHX; G7 – NaOCl + PAA + CHX; G8 – NaOCl + HEDP + CHX; and G9 – mixture of NaOCl + HEDP. After treatments, roughness and wettability were measured. In order to evaluate the adhesion of microorganisms to dentine, new dentine samples were prepared and after 2 h of contact with the microorganisms, were analysed using a confocal laser scanning microscope and the number of microorganisms adhering to the surfaces were determined. Absorption spectra were collected by attenuated total reflectance of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy before and after immersion of other dentine samples in each solution of G6, G7 and G8 and in a solution of 2% CHX at various time intervals. The areas of the band associated with CHX with the peak at 1492 cm−1 were calculated between 1479 and 1500 cm−1 of the spectral range. The data obtained in all experiments were subjected to one‐way ANOVA (α < 0.05). The values of the CHX band were also subjected to one‐way repeated measures ANOVA (α < 0.05).ResultsSaline solution, NaOCl, HEDP and CHX did not alter the roughness of the dentine (P > 0.05), whilst EDTA and PAA did (P < 0.05). Dentine surface wettability increased after the use of all irrigants compared to saline solution (P < 0.05), with HEDP causing the greatest increases (P < 0.05). The adhesion of E. faecalis was favoured on surfaces treated with only saline solution and NaOCl, and on samples that had decalcifying agents as the final irrigant (P < 0.05). The adhesion of C. albicans was highest on surfaces treated with only saline solution and on surfaces that had NaOCl used as the last irrigant (P < 0.05). The use of CHX as a final irrigant reduced the adhesion of both microorganisms. The roughness and wettability did not influence the adhesion of the microorganisms tested. The adsorption of CHX to the dentine was significant after 1 min of immersion of the mineralized samples in the irrigant (P < 0.05), and the use of chelating agents prior to CHX potentiated this adsorption.ConclusionsThe irrigation solutions had a variable effect on the properties of dentine, on the adhesion of E. faecalis and C. albicans and the adsorption of CHX to the dentine surface.
WORKER TURNOVER AND UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
Authors: Choi Sekyu , Fernández‐Blanco Javier 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article studies a competitive search model of the labor market with learning about match‐specific productivity in which risk‐averse workers factor present and future unemployment risks in their search decisions. We examine internally efficient equilibrium allocations in which match termination occurs only if the joint value of a worker–firm pair is negative. Internal efficiency poses a trade‐off between present and future risks. Public insurance provision also affects this trade‐off and, hence, worker turnover and job composition. In addition to unemployment benefits, the implementation of the planner's allocation requires a negative income tax and a 0 layoff tax.
The attributes of successful de‐escalation and restraint teams
Authors: Snorrason Jón , Biering Páll 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInpatient violence is a widespread problem on psychiatric wards often with serious consequences, and psychiatric hospitals have set up teams to de‐escalate and restrain patients with aggression (D‐E&R teams) which are specially trained to respond to it in a safe manner. Successful de‐escalation and restraining of patients with aggression depend not only on the methods learned in training but also on the confidence of the team. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the factors that enhance D‐E&R teams’ competence in managing patients with aggression in a successful and safe manner. The aim of this hermeneutic study was to identify and understand those factors. Purposive‐expert sampling was used and twelve D‐E&R team members with significant experience participated in the study. The central theme found wasa safe team. Ensuring the safety of the team and its members was found to be a prerequisite for successful teamwork in managing patients with aggression in a safe manner. This central theme falls into two interacting domains:the internal dynamics of the teamand theteam's interaction with patients. Several themes, such asmutual trust,flexibility,andknowing one's role,influence these domains and hence strengthen or weaken the confidence and safety of the team. The findings of the study will contribute to a better understanding of these factors; understanding which could be used to improve the training, supervision, and quality assessment of D‐E&R teams and hence lead to more safety in psychiatric wards.
Insights on the pulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Yang Yufan , Liu Qiming , Luo Xijin , Liu Zhenjiang , Zhou Shenghua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia is gradually being recognized, which in a clinical context is recognized as an arterial ectopic beat. Our study aimed to provide new insights on the epidemiological characteristics, origin site, electrocardiogram (ECG) characteristics, intracardiac electrophysiological characteristics and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) strategies for pulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia. Patients with a distance between the origin site and the pulmonary valve of >10 mm have what is known as pulmonary trunk‐derived ventricular arrhythmia, while patients with a distance between the origin site and the pulmonary valve of ≤10 mm have what is known as pulmonary sinus cusp‐derived ventricular arrhythmia. It is very difficult to differentiate pulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia from right ventricular outflow tract‐derived ventricular arrhythmia on ECGs as both share similar anatomical features, but pulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia shows obvious intracardiac electrophysiological characteristics. Currently, conclusions based on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary artery‐derived ventricular arrhythmia, relationship between the origin site and the pulmonary valve, electrophysiological characteristics, and RFCA strategies are controversial and still need further study.
A holistic approach to healthy ageing: how can people live longer, healthier lives?
Authors: Calder P. C. , Carding S. R. , Christopher G. , Kuh D. , Langley‐Evans S. C. , McNulty H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough lifespan is increasing, there is no evidence to suggest that older people are experiencing better health in their later years than previous generations. Nutrition, at all stages of life, plays an important role in determining health and wellbeing.MethodsA roundtable meeting of UK experts on nutrition and ageing considered key aspects of the diet–ageing relationship and developed a consensus position on the main priorities for research and public health actions that are required to help people live healthier lives as they age.ResultsThe group consensus highlighted the requirement for a life course approach, recognising the multifactorial nature of the impact of ageing. Environmental and lifestyle influences at any life stage are modified by genetic factors and early development. The response to the environment at each stage of life can determine the impact of lifestyle later on. There are no key factors that act in isolation to determine patterns of ageing and it is a combination of environmental and social factors that drives healthy or unhealthy ageing. Too little is known about how contemporary dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles will impact upon healthy ageing in future generations and this is a priority for future research.ConclusionsThere is good evidence to support change to lifestyle (i.e. diet, nutrition and physical) activity in relation to maintaining or improving body composition, cognitive health and emotional intelligence, immune function and vascular health. Lifestyle change at any stage of life may extend healthy lifespan, although the impact of early changes appears to be greatest.
Malignant transformation of actinic cheilitis: A systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Dancyger Alex , Heard Victoria , Huang Baikai , Suley Cameron , Tang Dorothy , Ariyawardana Anura 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present systematic review was to determine the malignant transformation rate of actinic cheilitis (AC). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Medline/PubMed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, OvidSP, and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria comprised of observational human studies involving the malignant transformation of AC and publications in English. Studies included in this review were clinical follow‐up, cohort, retrospective, or prospective investigations. The search yielded 1126 articles, and after exclusion, 34 full‐text articles were eligible for full‐text analysis. Only one article met the inclusion criteria. Based on the included article, it was determined that the malignant transformation rate of AC to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was 3.07%. Excluded articles focused on the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment efficacies of AC, and no malignant transformation rate was assessed. There is a need for more clinical studies on the malignant transformation of AC, as lip cancer is a public health concern. High‐risk populations, including those living in tropical regions, have excessive exposure to UV radiation, and have older aged males, fair‐skinned people, and smokers should be identified to prevent AC and its malignant change. Health practitioners should facilitate early intervention to prevent the progression of AC to SCC of the lip.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of new reciprocating files (Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and SmartTrack) in two different curved canals
Authors: Topçuoğlu Hüseyin Sinan , Demirbuga Sezer , Düzgün Salih , Topçuoğlu Gamze 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimIn the present study, we compared the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and SmartTrack files in curved artificial canals.MethodsNinety new Reciproc Blue R25, WaveOne Gold Primary, and SmartTrack X1 files were tested in artificial canals with 45° and 60° angles of curvature. CFR was determined by recording the time to fracture in the artificial canals. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the canal with a 45° angle of curvature, no significant differences were observed amongst Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and SmartTrack (P > .05). In the canal with a 60° angle of curvature, Reciproc Blue and SmartTrack had a greater CFR than WaveOne Gold (P < .05); there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue and SmartTrack files (P > .05).ConclusionThe results of the present study showed that Reciproc Blue and SmartTrack files exhibited greater CFR than WaveOne Gold only in canals with a 60° angle of curvature.
Persistent sodium current modulates axonal excitability in CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Müller Peter , Draguhn Andreas , Egorov Alexei V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAxonal excitability is an important determinant for the accuracy, direction, and velocity of neuronal signaling. The mechanisms underlying spike generation in the axonal initial segment and transmitter release from presynaptic terminals have been intensely studied and revealed a role for several specific ionic conductances, including the persistent sodium current (INaP). Recent evidence indicates that action potentials can also be generated at remote locations along the axonal fiber, giving rise to ectopic action potentials during physiological states (e.g., fast network oscillations) or in pathological situations (e.g., following demyelination). Here, we investigated how ectopic axonal excitability of mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is regulated by INaP. Recordings of field potentials and intracellular voltage in brain slices revealed that electrically evoked antidromic spikes were readily suppressed by two different blockers of INaP, riluzole and phenytoin. The effect was mediated by a reduction of the probability of ectopic spike generation while latency was unaffected. Interestingly, the contribution of INaP to excitability was much more pronounced in axonal branches heading toward the entorhinal cortex compared with the opposite fiber direction toward fimbria. Thus, excitability of distal CA1 pyramidal cell axons is affected by persistent sodium currents in a direction‐selective manner. This mechanism may be of importance for ectopic spike generation in oscillating network states as well as in pathological situations.
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