bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is being a leader a mixed blessing? A dual‐pathway model linking leadership role occupancy to well‐being
Authors: Li Wen‐Dong , Schaubroeck John M. , Xie Jia Lin , Keller Anita C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRecent leadership research has drawn greater attention to how the well‐being of leaders influences leadership behaviors, follower performance and well‐being, and overall leadership effectiveness. Yet little attention has been paid to the relationship between occupying leadership positions and job incumbents' well‐being. This research addresses this question by developing and testing a dual‐pathway model. Our model proposes that incumbency in leadership positions is positively related to high levels of both job demands and job control, whereas job demands and job control have offsetting effects on well‐being. Results based on a longitudinal sample revealed that employees who transitioned from nonleadership positions to leadership roles showed trajectories of increasing job demands and job control, whereas such trends were weaker among those who remained in nonleadership positions. Findings from three additional samples generally demonstrated that leadership role occupancy was indirectly related to various indices of psychological and physiological well‐being through job demands and job control. Because the signs of the indirect effects through job demands and job control differed in expected ways, the overall relationship between leadership role occupancy and the well‐being outcomes was generally small and nonsignificant. We discuss research and practical implications of our framework and findings for organizations, employees, and leaders.
Historical SAM index time series: linear and nonlinear analysis
Authors: Barrucand Mariana G. , Zitto Miguel E. , Piotrkowski Rosa , Canziani Pablo , O'Neill Alan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTA statistical analysis of 100‐year historic Southern Annular Mode (SAM) time series is carried out, for a set of indices calculated by different methods, in view to understanding their value as simple indicators of climate variability and of the physical processes involved, particularly for the early part of the 20th century. Historic SAM time series available in the literature are analysed together with ones calculated using the 20th‐century reanalysis. A preliminary analysis and comparison is carried out using standard time and space correlations. Distinct differences are observed in the linear relations between the SAM index time series before and after 1950s. A detailed study is carried out using wavelet transform (WT) analysis, in order to better determine the spectral nature and non‐stationarity of the timeseries. The WT spectra reveal an aperiodic, non‐stationary evolution in all cases, with differences in the spectral signature of the various SAM indices during the 20th century. Preferred oscillation periods mainly appear between 2 and 20 years. Important differences between the SAM indices arise from different behaviour on the interannual time scale even in more recent years, as well as non‐stationarity and phase differences on longer time scales. A wavelet coherency (WTC) analysis between the 20th‐century‐reanalysis‐derived SAM time series shows that differences may also arise for indices calculated from the same data source, particularly during the earlier part of the sample. WTC differences appear at times of perturbed El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Results using linear as well as a mutual information analysis suggest links between SAM, ENSO, and Pacific‐South American patterns of variability, which may depend on the SAM time series definition. Such behaviour could be due to a combination of factors including the geographic coverage of the SAM calculation methods and data quality, as well as ENSO‐SAM relationships.
CK7/CK19 index: A potential prognostic factor for postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients
Authors: Liu Long‐Zi , Yang Liu‐Xiao , Zheng Bo‐Hao , Dong Ping‐Ping , Liu Xin‐Yang , Wang Zhi‐Chao , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Wang Xiao‐Ying , Gao Qiang 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesFrequently aberrant expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) have been observed in several human cancers. In this retrospective study, we aimed at investigating the prognostic significance of CK7 and CK19 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed to assess CK7 and CK19 expression on tissue microarrays in training cohort enrolling 214 ICC patients and validation cohort comprising 108 ICC patients. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, Cox's proportional hazards regression, and nomogram were applied to evaluate the prognostic significance of both CKs.ResultsBoth CK7 and CK19 expression were significantly up‐regulated in ICC compared to their non‐tumor counterparts, and positively correlated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, like lymph node metastasis and larger tumor size. Furthermore, high expression of either CK7 or CK19 predicted a significantly dismal postoperative survival. Integrated analysis of CK7 and CK19 expression was identified as a better indicator for survival probability. Notably, the nomogram integrating CK7/CK19 index had a perfect prognostic performance as compared with current staging systems. The results were further confirmed in the validation cohort.ConclusionsCK7/CK19 index was an independent adverse prognostic factor for ICC patients’ survival, and may be helpful to improve postoperative risk stratification and individualized treatment strategies.
Free vascularized fibula grafting in the operative treatment of malignant bone tumors of the upper extremity: A systematic review of outcomes and complications
Authors: Landau Mark J. , Badash Ido , Yin Christine , Alluri Ram K. , Patel Ketan M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectivesVascularized bone grafting after tumor resection can be an important component in the treatment of bony neoplasms of the upper extremity. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes of free vascularized fibula grafting (FVFG) in the treatment of upper extremity sarcomas.MethodsA systematic review of the literature of FVFG used in the treatment of upper extremity sarcomas was performed.ResultsA total of 56 studies were included in final analysis. The most common diagnosis was osteosarcoma (35.1%) and the most common recipient site was the humerus (57.3%). FVFG had a median union rate of 93.3%, with the median time to union being 5.0 months. The most common complications were fracture (11.7%), nerve injury (7.5%), infection (5.7%), and hammer toe deformity (3.3%). The reoperation rate was 34.5%. The most commonly reported standardized assessment of clinical outcomes following treatment was the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score, which had a median of 80% postoperatively.ConclusionsFVFG in the treatment of malignant bony neoplasms of the upper extremity has a high rate of union and good overall outcomes; however, postoperative complication rates are high. A greater degree of standardization is needed in the reporting of patient‐centered outcomes to facilitate future comparative studies.
Negative Cognitions Prior to Trauma Predict Acute Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology
Authors: Su Yi‐Jen , Chen Sue‐Huei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBased on emotional processing theory, preexisting negative cognitions may contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The present study prospectively examined the association between preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions and subsequent acute PTSD symptoms, and the potential mediators of this association. We also compared the effect of preexisting depressive cognitions and preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions on PTSD symptoms. In the current study, 810 Taiwanese undergraduates completed a baseline survey (T1), of which 73.1% (n = 592) participated in a second survey two months later (T2). Of those who completed both surveys, 97 experienced a trauma at least one week before T2; this group comprised the final sample. Hierarchical regression showed that preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions (β = .38, p < .001, sr2 = .117), but not preexisting depressive cognitions (β = .11, p = .315, sr2 = .011), were a significant and substantial predictor of acute PTSD symptoms after we controlled for established pretrauma risk factors (i.e., gender, prior trauma, and prior psychological problems). Multiple mediation analysis revealed that negative appraisal of symptoms (a1b1 = 0.90, 95% CI [0.16, 2.18], PM = .251) and trauma‐related rumination (a3b3 = 1.23, 95% CI [0.23, 2.86], PM = .341), but not trauma memory disorganization (a2b2 = 0.65, 95% CI [−0.17, 1.92], PM = .182), significantly mediated between preexisting PTSD‐related cognitions and acute PTSD symptoms. Our findings highlight the role of preexisting negative cognitions in acute PTSD symptomatology. The development of PTSD symptoms is likely determined by the interaction of risk factors before and after trauma.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Rather Than Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Best Account for Altered Emotional Responses in Military Veterans
Authors: Marquardt Craig A. , Goldman Daniel J. , Cuthbert Bruce N. , Lissek Shmuel , Sponheim Scott R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmotional dysfunction is evident in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet it is unclear what aspects of the disorder most directly relate to aberrant emotional responding. Also, the frequent co‐occurrence of blast‐related mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs) among recently deployed U.S. military personnel complicates efforts to understand the basis for emotional disruption. We studied a cross‐sectional sample (enriched for PTSD and mTBI) of 123 U.S. veterans of wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We measured subjective affective evaluations and peripheral psychophysiological responses to images with pleasant, neutral, unpleasant, and combat‐related aversive content. When compared with other postdeployment participants, those who had combat‐related PTSD rated pleasant image content as less positive ( = .04) and less arousing ( = .06), and exhibited heightened physiological responsivity to combat image content ( = .07). Symptoms of PTSD were associated with elevated skin conductance responses (β = .28), reduced heart rate deceleration (β = .44 to .47), and increased corrugator facial muscle electromyography (β = .47). No effects for blast‐related mTBI were observed across any affective modulation measures. These findings point to a greater impact of PTSD symptomatology than blast‐related mTBI on emotional functioning and highlight the utility of dimensional assessments of psychopathology for understanding the effects of combat‐stress conditions on adjustment to civilian life.
An estimation of the extent of cropland abandonment in mountainous regions of China
Authors: Li Shengfa , Li Xiubin , Sun Laixiang , Cao Guiying , Fischer Guenther , Tramberend Sylvia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith the wages for migrant workers increasing dramatically in China since 2003, the size of the agricultural labour forces has been shrinking rapidly. Intensively substituting agricultural machinery for the shrinking farm labour force is hardly possible for croplands in the mountainous regions of China where mechanization is difficult to achieve due to small field size and rough terrain. This has eventually led to cropland abandonment in these regions. Considering the high pressure for food security in China, cropland abandonment in the mountainous regions should not be ignored. By employing a novel method, this study estimates the extent of recently abandoned croplands (period 2000–2010) and the changes that can be expected in the future in China's mountainous areas. The results show that the total extent of abandoned croplands in Chinese mountainous counties during the period 2000 to 2010 is estimated at 147 million mu (1 mu = 666.67 m2); in total, about 28% of croplands in mountainous counties was abandoned, including croplands converted in the Grain for Green Programme. With 3 scenario assumptions, a sizeable extent, 114 to 203 million mu, of croplands may be abandoned from 2010 to 2030 with the rapid decrease and ageing of projected farm labour forces. This could exacerbate the future challenges of maintaining China's food security. A substantial increase in agricultural project investments, including land consolidation and agricultural productive fixed assets, especially microtillage machines, could help mitigate the risk of cropland abandonment. Additionally, land‐use and environmental policymaking should take into account the expanding cropland abandonment in mountainous regions.
A randomized, controlled trial of magnetic therapy for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Baute Vanessa , Keskinyan Vahakn S. , Sweeney Erica R. , Bowden Kayla D. , Gordon Allison , Hutchens Janet , Cartwright Michael S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Magnet therapy has been proposed as a treatment for neurologic conditions. In this this trial we assessed the feasibility and efficacy of a magnet inserted into a wristband for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Twenty‐two patients with mild to moderate CTS were randomized to wear a high‐dose or low‐dose “sham” magnetic wristband for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Secondary measures were nerve conduction studies (NCS), median nerve ultrasound, and compliance. Results: Compliance for both groups was >90%. Improvements in the mean SSS, NCS, and median nerve ultrasound did not reach statistical significance. Discussion: Magnet therapy via wristband is well‐tolerated. Further investigations in larger populations are needed to determine efficacy. Muscle Nerve 58: 310–313, 2018
Unnatural amino acids improve affinity and modulate immunogenicity: Developing peptides to treat MHC type II autoimmune disorders
Authors: Meister Daniel , Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Trant John F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and celiac disease (CD), arise from improper immune system recognition of self or benign peptides as threats. No autoimmune disease currently has a cure. Many treatments suppress the entire immune system to decrease symptom severity. The core molecular interaction underlying these diseases involves specific alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) receptor hosting the immunodominant peptides associated with the disease (i.e., myelin basic protein, Type II collagen, or α‐gliadin) in their binding groove. Once bound, circulating T‐cells can recognize the HLA‐antigen complex and initiate the complex cascade that forms an adaptive immune response. This initial HLA‐antigen interaction is a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Two general strategies have been pursued: altered peptide ligands (APLs) that attempt to recruit a different class of T‐cell to induce an anti‐inflammatory response to balance the pro‐inflammatory response associated with the antigen; and HLA‐blockers (HLABs), peptides that quantitatively displace the antigen to inhibit the immune response. Both approaches would benefit from improved HLA‐drug binding, but as the HLA receptors are highly promiscuous, the binding sites are not specific for any natural amino acid. Unnatural amino acids, either designed or screened through high‐throughput assays, may provide a solution. This review summarizes the nascent field of using noncanonical residues to treat MS, RA and CD, focusing on the importance of specific molecular interactions, and provides some examples of the synthesis of these unnatural residues.
Outcome evaluation of a pharmacy‐based therapy management program for patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Kirkham Heather S. , Staskon Francis , Hira Nishita , McLane Darren , Kilgore Karl M. , Parente Alexis , Kim Seung , Sawicki Gregory S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare medication adherence, pulmonary exacerbations, healthcare utilization, and costs for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) who utilized a pharmacy‐based therapy management program to a matched control group. We hypothesized that patient management services would be associated with better medication adherence, and thus require fewer visits to the emergency room or hospitalizations.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study used claims data from the MORE2 claims Registry®. The sample consisted of CF patients, aged 6+, who had ≥1 pharmacy claim for inhaled tobramycin, inhaled aztreonam, ivacaftor, or dornase alfa from 6/2/2014‐5/31/2015. Adherence was measured as proportion of days covered (PDC). Propensity score matching and multivariable regression techniques were used to compare outcomes in program participants to matched controls.ResultsOf the 236 intervention and 724 control patients meeting selection criteria, 202 were propensity‐matched from each cohort. Relative to the control cohort, program patients had 23% higher mean PDC for tobramycin (IRR = 1.23, P = 0.01) and were twice as likely to be adherent to tobramycin (PDC ≥ 80%) than matched controls (OR = 2.14, P = 0.04). Program patients had fewer ER visits (IRR = 0.52, P < 0.01) and slightly lower ER costs (IRR = 0.66, P = 0.06) than the control patients.ConclusionA pharmacy‐based therapy management program for CF patients was associated with higher adherence to inhaled tobramycin and lower ER rates. Pharmacies that provide therapy management can support effective CF care management.
Interaction of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae
Authors: Rivero‐Borja Maribel , Guzmán‐Franco Ariel W , Rodríguez‐Leyva Esteban , Santillán‐Ortega Candelario , Pérez‐Panduro Alejandro 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe high natural resistance of the fall armyworm (FAW) to entomopathogenic fungi and the speed at which it develops resistance to chemical insecticides make it difficult to control in several crops where it is a key pest. The aim of the study was to improve mortality by combining a 50% lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos ethyl or spinosad with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) or Metarhizium anisopliae (ETL).RESULTSThree main results were obtained. (i) Both insecticides improved the performance of the fungus when the insecticide and fungus were applied simultaneously and when spinosad preceded fungi. In control larvae treated with fungi, <1% of larvae showed fungal sporulation, but under simultaneous application of the fungus with
chlorpyrifos or spinosad, 31 and 47% did so, with 68 and 93% of cadavers showing sporulation, respectively. (ii) Synergistic mortality was observed when Bb88 and spinosad were applied simultaneously, which resulted in 34% more dead larvae than the spinosad control (44%). Finally, (iii) antagonism occurred when Bb88 was applied before chlorpyrifos, when Bb88 and chlorpyrifos were applied simultaneously, and when ETL was applied before chlorpyrifos, which reduced larval mortality by 27, 31 and 19%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe synergistic mortality and improved fungal performance observed here support the hypothesis that combinations of low insecticide doses and entomopathogenic fungi can enhance integrated pest management programs and reduce the environmental impact of insecticides. Antagonism shows that some particular combinations and application sequences may produce disadvantages in pest control. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Teach‐and‐repeat path following for an autonomous underwater vehicle
Authors: King Peter , Vardy Andrew , Forrest Alexander L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a teach‐and‐repeat path‐following method for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigating long distances in environments where external navigation aides are denied. This method utilizes sonar images to construct a series of reference views along a path, stored as a topological map. The AUV can then renavigate along this path, either to return to the start location or to repeat the route. Utilizing unique assumptions about the sonar image‐generation process, this system exhibits robust image‐matching capabilities, providing observations to a discrete Bayesian filter that maintains an estimate of progress along the path. Image‐matching also provides an estimate of offset from the path, allowing the AUV to correct its heading and effectively close the gap. Over a series of field trials, this system demonstrated online control of an AUV in the ocean environment of Holyrood Arm, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The system was implemented on an International Submarine Engineering Ltd. Explorer AUV and performed multiple path completions over both a 1 and 5 km track. These trials illustrated an AUV operating in a fully autonomous mode, in which navigation was driven solely by sensor feedback and adaptive control. Path‐following performance was as desired, with the AUV maintaining close offset to the path.
A real‐time field experiment on search and rescue operations assisted by unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Niedzielski Tomasz , Jurecka Mirosława , Miziński Bartłomiej , Remisz Joanna , Ślopek Jacek , Spallek Waldemar , Witek‐Kasprzak Matylda , Kasprzak Łukasz , Świerczyńska‐Chlaściak Małgorzata 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper reports on the performance of a novel system for supporting search and rescue activities, known as SARUAV (search and rescue unmanned aerial vehicle), in a field experiment during which a real‐world search scenario was simulated. The experiment took place on March 2–3, 2017, at two sites located in southwestern Poland. Three groups acted in the experiment: (1) SARUAV and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operators, (2) ground searchers, and (3) participants who simulated being lost. In the uncomplicated topography without snow cover, the system identified the lost persons, and ground searchers found them 31 min after the SARUAV report had been disseminated. In the mountainous area covered with snow, one person was found within 9 min after searchers received the SARUAV report; however, the other two persons were not identified by SARUAV. The field experiment served as a proof of concept of the SARUAV system, confirmed its potential in person identification studies, and helped to identify numerous scientific and technical problems that need to be solved to develop a mature version of the system.
Rules of (Student) Engagement
Authors: Buskist William , Busler Jessica N. , Kirby Lauren A. J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTeachers often think of student engagement in terms of hands‐on activities that get students involved in their courses. They seldom consider the larger aspects of the teaching–learning environment that often influence the extent to which students are willing to become engaged in their coursework. In this chapter, we describe five “rules of engagement” that help promote safe and supportive classroom environments, which in turn increase the likelihood that students will feel comfortable—and indeed willing—to become engaged learners.
Asymptotic symmetries and geometry on the boundary in the first order formalism
Authors: Korovin Yegor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProper understanding of the geometry on the boundary of a spacetime is a critical step on the way to extending holography to spaces with non-AdS asymptotics. In general the boundary cannot be described in terms of the Riemannian geometry and the first order formalism is more appropriate as we show. We analyze the asymptotic symmetries in the first order formalism for large classes of theories on AdS, Lifshitz or flat space. In all cases the asymptotic symmetry algebra is realized on the first order variables as a gauged symmetry algebra. First order formalism geometrizes and simplifies the analysis. We apply our framework to the issue of scale versus conformal invariance in AdS/CFT and obtain new perspective on the structure of asymptotic expansions for AdS and flat spaces.