bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant-resistant depression is characterized by reduced short- and long-interval cortical inhibition
Authors: Jeng Jia-Shyun , Li Cheng-Ta , Lin Hui-Ching , Tsai Shih-Jen , Bai Ya-Mei , Su Tung-Ping , Chang Yu-Wen , Cheng Chih-Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is highly heterogeneous and can be classified as treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or antidepressant-responsive depression (non-TRD) based on patients' responses to antidepressant treatment. Methods for distinguishing between TRD and non-TRD are critical clinical concerns. Deficits of cortical inhibition (CI) have been reported to play an influential role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Whether TRD patients' CI is more impaired than that of non-TRD patients remains unclear.MethodsPaired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) was used to measure cortical inhibitory function including GABAA- and GABAB-receptor-related CI and cortical excitatory function including glutamate-receptor-related intracortical facilitation (ICF). We recruited 36 healthy controls (HC) and 36 patients with MDD (non-TRD,n= 16; TRD,n= 20). All participants received evaluations for depression severity and ppTMS examinations. Non-TRD patients received an additional ppTMS examination after 3 months of treatment with the SSRI escitalopram.ResultsPatients with TRD exhibited reduced short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as shown by abnormally higher estimates, than those with non-TRD or HC (F= 11.030,p< 0.001;F= 10.309,p< 0.001, respectively). After an adequate trial of escitalopram treatment, the LICI of non-TRD reduced significantly (t= − 3.628,p< 0.001), whereas the ICF remained lower than that of HC and showed no difference from pretreatment non-TRD.ConclusionsTRD was characterized by relatively reduced CI, including both GABAA- and GABAB-receptor-mediated neurons while non-TRD preserved partial CI. In non-TRD, SSRIs may mainly modulate GABAB-receptor-related LICI. Our findings revealed distinguishable features of CI in antidepressant-resistant and responsive major depression.
The field of current in a thin wire ring
Authors: Carter G. W. , Loh S. C. , Po C. Y. K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simple expression is derived for the magnetic vector potential of current in a thin ring, in terms of the first derivative of toroidal functions of zero order. The axial and radial field components and the mutual inductance between two wire rings are obtained. These expressions are evaluated on a digital computer and the results are summarized in a series of graphs.
Trait neuroticism and emotion neurocircuitry: Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence for a failure in emotion regulation
Authors: Silverman Merav H. , Wilson Sylia , Ramsay Ian S. , Hunt Ruskin H. , Thomas Kathleen M. , Krueger Robert F. , Iacono William G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThough theory suggests that individual differences in neuroticism (a tendency to experience negative emotions) would be associated with altered functioning of the amygdala (which has been linked with emotionality and emotion dysregulation in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood), results of functional neuroimaging studies have been contradictory and inconclusive. We aimed to clarify the relationship between neuroticism and three hypothesized neural markers derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging during negative emotion face processing: amygdala activation, amygdala habituation, and amygdala-prefrontal connectivity, each of which plays an important role in the experience and regulation of emotions. We used general linear models to examine the relationship between trait neuroticism and the hypothesized neural markers in a large sample of over 500 young adults. Although neuroticism was not significantly associated with magnitude of amygdala activation or amygdala habituation, it was associated with amygdala–ventromedial prefrontal cortex connectivity, which has been implicated in emotion regulation. Results suggest that trait neuroticism may represent a failure in top-down control and regulation of emotional reactions, rather than overactive emotion generation processes, per se. These findings suggest that neuroticism, which has been associated with increased rates of transdiagnostic psychopathology, may represent a failure in the inhibitory neurocircuitry associated with emotion regulation.
A SQL to C compiler in 500 lines of code
Authors: ROMPF TIARK , AMIN NADA 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present the design and implementation of a SQL query processor that outperforms existing database systems and is written in just about 500 lines of Scala code – a convincing case study that high-level functional programming can handily beat C for systems-level programming where the last drop of performance matters. The key enabler is a shift in perspective toward generative programming. The core of the query engine is an interpreter for relational-algebra operations, written in Scala. Using the open-source lightweight modular staging framework, we turn this interpreter into a query compiler with very low effort. To do so, we capitalize on an old and widely known result from partial evaluation: the first Futamura projection, which states that a process that can specialize an interpreter to any given input program is equivalent to a compiler. In this context, we discuss lightweight modular staging programming patterns such as mixed-stage data structures (e.g., data records with static schema and dynamic field components) and techniques to generate low-level C code, including specialized data structures and data loading primitives.
Cassini's Final Year at Saturn: Science Highlights and Discoveries
Authors: Spilker Linda J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractScientific findings and new discoveries from the international Cassini‐Huygens mission's exploration of the Saturn system are presented in this special issue of Geophysical Research Letters. In the mission's final year, Cassini dove through the gap between the rings and Saturn for the first time, returning new science in this previously unexplored region. Running low on fuel, Cassini's journey ended on 15 September 2017, as the spacecraft plunged into Saturn's atmosphere and vaporized. Just before the mission concluded, the Grand Finale orbits through the gap provided some of the highest resolution information on Saturn's interior and atmosphere, its rings and inner icy moons, and direct in situ sampling of this intriguing region. Initial results indicate that hydrocarbons appear to be descending into the atmosphere from the rings, that electric currents flow between the inner rings and Saturn, and that a new radiation belt exists in the gap and innermost ring.
Resolution and Ergodicity Issues of River Stage Tomography With Different Excitations
Authors: Wang Yu‐Li , Yeh Tian‐Chyi Jim , Wen Jet‐Chau , Gao Xu , Zhang Zaiyong , Huang Shao‐Yang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigates spatiotemporal cross correlation between the observed head and the hydraulic diffusivity parameters in heterogeneous aquifers under static and migrating periodic excitations with different frequencies and other factors and a moving single excitation along a river boundary. Results of the cross‐correlation analysis are verified by estimating the parameters in a synthetic heterogeneous aquifer under these excitations. For assuring the statistical significance of the results based on a single realization, Monte Carlo experiments of estimating the parameters with these excitations are conducted. The experiments also explore the relationship between the resolution of the estimated parameters and the distance from the excitation to the observation wells, the frequency, and amplitude of the excitation and the mean diffusivity of the aquifer. In addition, the relationship between the resolution of the estimates and monitoring network spatial density is investigated. Finally, the usefulness of moving single excitations, effects of frequencies of the periodic excitations under different situations, the density of monitoring network in term of correlation scale, and the ergodicity issue corresponding to the number of observation and size of simulation domain are discussed.
Reaction injection molding of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic femtolitre-well arrays
Authors: Zandi Shafagh Reza , Decrop Deborah , Ven Karen , Vanderbeke Arno , Hanusa Robert , Breukers Jolien , Pardon Gaspard , Haraldsson Tommy , Lammertyn Jeroen , van der Wijngaart Wouter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPatterning of micro- and nanoscale topologies and surface properties of polymer devices is of particular importance for a broad range of life science applications, including cell-adhesion assays and highly sensitive bioassays. The manufacturing of such devices necessitates cumbersome multiple-step fabrication procedures and results in surface properties which degrade over time. This critically hinders their wide-spread dissemination. Here, we simultaneously mold and surface energy pattern microstructures in off-stoichiometric thiol-ene by area-selective monomer self-assembly in a rapid micro-reaction injection molding cycle. We replicated arrays of 1,843,650 hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic femtolitre-wells with long-term stable surface properties and magnetically trapped beads with 75% and 87.2% efficiency in single- and multiple-seeding events, respectively. These results form the basis for ultrasensitive digital biosensors, specifically, and for the fabrication of medical devices and life science research tools, generally.
Familial risk and heritability of diagnosed borderline personality disorder: a register study of the Swedish population
Authors: Skoglund Charlotte , Tiger Annika , Rück Christian , Petrovic Predrag , Asherson Philip , Hellner Clara , Mataix-Cols David , Kuja-Halkola Ralf 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFamily and twin studies of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have found familial aggregation and genetic propensity for BPD, but estimates vary widely. Large-scale family studies of clinically diagnosed BPD are lacking. Therefore, we performed a total-population study estimating the familial aggregation and heritability of clinically diagnosed BPD. We followed 1,851,755 individuals born 1973–1993 in linked Swedish national registries. BPD-diagnosis was ascertained between 1997 and 2013, 11,665 received a BPD-diagnosis. We identified relatives and estimated sex and birth year adjusted hazard ratios, i.e., the rate of BPD-diagnoses in relatives to individuals with BPD-diagnosis compared to individuals with unaffected relatives, and used structural equation modeling to estimate heritability. The familial association decreased along with genetic relatedness. The hazard ratio was 11.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6–83.8) for monozygotic twins; 7.4 (95% CI = 1.0–55.3) for dizygotic twins; 4.7 (95% CI = 3.9–5.6) for full siblings; 2.1 (95% CI = 1.5–3.0) for maternal half-siblings; 1.3 (95% CI = 0.9–2.1) for paternal half-siblings; 1.7 (95% CI = 1.4–2.0) for cousins whose parents were full siblings; 1.1 (95% CI = 0.7–1.8) for cousins whose parents were maternal half-siblings; and 1.9 (95% CI = 1.2–2.9) for cousins whose parents were paternal half-siblings. Heritability was estimated at 46% (95% CI = 39–53), and the remaining variance was explained by individually unique environmental factors. Our findings pave the way for further research into specific genetic variants, unique environmental factors implicated, and their interplay in risk for BPD.
Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction in diverse forms of epilepsy: a signature of psychosis and beyond
Authors: Sone Daichi , Beheshti Iman , Maikusa Norihide , Ota Miho , Kimura Yukio , Sato Noriko , Koepp Matthias , Matsuda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpilepsy is a diverse brain disorder, and the pathophysiology of its various forms and comorbidities is largely unknown. A recent machine learning method enables us to estimate an individual’s “brain-age” from MRI; this brain-age prediction is expected as a novel individual biomarker of neuropsychiatric disorders. The aims of this study were to estimate the brain-age for various categories of epilepsy and to evaluate clinical discrimination by brain-age for (1) the effect of psychosis on temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), (2) psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs) from MRI-negative epilepsies, and (3) progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME) from juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). In total, 1196 T1-weighted MRI scans from healthy controls (HCs) were used to build a brain-age prediction model with support vector regression. Using the model, we calculated the brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD: predicted age—chronological age) of the HCs and 318 patients with epilepsy. We compared the brain-PAD values based on the research questions. As a result, all categories of patients except for extra-temporal lobe focal epilepsy showed a significant increase in brain-PAD. TLE with hippocampal sclerosis presented a significantly higher brain-PAD than several other categories. The mean brain-PAD in TLE with inter-ictal psychosis was 10.9 years, which was significantly higher than TLE without psychosis (5.3 years). PNES showed a comparable mean brain-PAD (10.6 years) to that of epilepsy patients. PME had a higher brain-PAD than JME (22.0 vs. 9.3 years). In conclusion, neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction can provide novel insight into or clinical usefulness for the diverse symptoms of epilepsy.
Activated Peyer′s patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome
Authors: Komban Rathan Joy , Strömberg Anneli , Biram Adi , Cervin Jakob , Lebrero-Fernández Cristina , Mabbott Neil , Yrlid Ulf , Shulman Ziv , Bemark Mats , Lycke Nils 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe germinal center (GC) reaction in Peyer′s patches (PP) requires continuous access to antigens, but how this is achieved is not known. Here we show that activated antigen-specific CCR6+CCR1+GL7−B cells make close contact with M cells in the subepithelial dome (SED). Using in situ photoactivation analysis of antigen-specific SED B cells, we find migration of cells towards the GC. Following antigen injection into ligated intestinal loops containing PPs, 40% of antigen-specific SED B cells bind antigen within 2 h, whereas unspecifc cells do not, indicating B cell-receptor involvment. Antigen-loading is not observed in M cell-deficient mice, but is unperturbed in mice depleted of classical dendritic cells (DC). Thus, we report a M cell-B cell antigen-specific transporting pathway in PP that is independent of DC. We propose that this antigen transporting pathway has a critical role in gut IgA responses, and should be taken into account when developing mucosal vaccines.
Terminator-free template-independent enzymatic DNA synthesis for digital information storage
Authors: Lee Henry H. , Kalhor Reza , Goela Naveen , Bolot Jean , Church George M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDNA is an emerging medium for digital data and its adoption can be accelerated by synthesis processes specialized for storage applications. Here, we describe a de novo enzymatic synthesis strategy designed for data storage which harnesses the template-independent polymerase terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in kinetically controlled conditions. Information is stored in transitions between non-identical nucleotides of DNA strands. To produce strands representing user-defined content, nucleotide substrates are added iteratively, yielding short homopolymeric extensions whose lengths are controlled by apyrase-mediated substrate degradation. With this scheme, we synthesize DNA strands carrying 144 bits, including addressing, and demonstrate retrieval with streaming nanopore sequencing. We further devise a digital codec to reduce requirements for synthesis accuracy and sequencing coverage, and experimentally show robust data retrieval from imperfectly synthesized strands. This work provides distributive enzymatic synthesis and information-theoretic approaches to advance digital information storage in DNA.
Neural mechanisms of contextual modulation in the retinal direction selective circuit
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Rangel Melissa , Briggman Kevin L. , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextual modulation of neuronal responses by surrounding environments is a fundamental attribute of sensory processing. In the mammalian retina, responses of On–Off direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) are modulated by motion contexts. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we show that posterior-preferring DSGCs (pDSGCs) are sensitive to discontinuities of moving contours owing to contextually modulated cholinergic excitation from starburst amacrine cells (SACs). Using a combination of synapse-specific genetic manipulations, patch clamp electrophysiology and connectomic analysis, we identified distinct circuit motifs upstream of On and Off SACs that are required for the contextual modulation of pDSGC activity for bright and dark contrasts. Furthermore, our results reveal a class of wide-field amacrine cells (WACs) with straight, unbranching dendrites that function as “continuity detectors” of moving contours. Therefore, divergent circuit motifs in the On and Off pathways extend the information encoding of On-Off DSGCs beyond their direction selectivity during complex stimuli.
Tau binding protein CAPON induces tau aggregation and neurodegeneration
Authors: Hashimoto Shoko , Matsuba Yukio , Kamano Naoko , Mihira Naomi , Sahara Naruhiko , Takano Jiro , Muramatsu Shin-ichi , Saido Takaomi C. , Saito Takashi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo understand the molecular processes that link Aβ amyloidosis, tauopathy and neurodegeneration, we screened for tau-interacting proteins by immunoprecipitation/LC-MS. We identified the carboxy-terminal PDZ ligand of nNOS (CAPON) as a novel tau-binding protein. CAPON is an adaptor protein of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and activated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. We observed accumulation of CAPON in the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer in the AppNL-G-F -knock-in (KI) brain. To investigate the effect of CAPON accumulation on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, CAPON was overexpressed in the brain of AppNL-G-F mice crossbred with MAPT (human tau)-KI mice. This produced significant hippocampal atrophy and caspase3-dependent neuronal cell death in the CAPON-expressing hippocampus, suggesting that CAPON accumulation increases neurodegeneration. CAPON expression also induced significantly higher levels of phosphorylated, oligomerized and insoluble tau. In contrast, CAPON deficiency ameliorated the AD-related pathological phenotypes in tauopathy model. These findings suggest that CAPON could be a druggable AD target.
Listeners form average-based representations of individual voice identities
Authors: Lavan Nadine , Knight Sarah , McGettigan Carolyn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractModels of voice perception propose that identities are encoded relative to an abstracted average or prototype. While there is some evidence for norm-based coding when learning to discriminate different voices, little is known about how the representation of an individual's voice identity is formed through variable exposure to that voice. In two experiments, we show evidence that participants form abstracted representations of individual voice identities based on averages, despite having never been exposed to these averages during learning. We created 3 perceptually distinct voice identities, fully controlling their within-person variability. Listeners first learned to recognise these identities based on ring-shaped distributions located around the perimeter of within-person voice spaces – crucially, these distributions were missing their centres. At test, listeners’ accuracy for old/new judgements was higher for stimuli located on an untrained distribution nested around the centre of each ring-shaped distribution compared to stimuli on the trained ring-shaped distribution.
Augmented manipulation ability in humans with six-fingered hands
Authors: Mehring C. , Akselrod M. , Bashford L. , Mace M. , Choi H. , Blüher M. , Buschhoff A.-S. , Pistohl T. , Salomon R. , Cheah A. , Blanke O. , Serino A. , Burdet E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNeurotechnology attempts to develop supernumerary limbs, but can the human brain deal with the complexity to control an extra limb and yield advantages from it? Here, we analyzed the neuromechanics and manipulation abilities of two polydactyly subjects who each possess six fingers on their hands. Anatomical MRI of the supernumerary finger (SF) revealed that it is actuated by extra muscles and nerves, and fMRI identified a distinct cortical representation of the SF. In both subjects, the SF was able to move independently from the other fingers. Polydactyly subjects were able to coordinate the SF with their other fingers for more complex movements than five fingered subjects, and so carry out with only one hand tasks normally requiring two hands. These results demonstrate that a body with significantly more degrees-of-freedom can be controlled by the human nervous system without causing motor deficits or impairments and can instead provide superior manipulation abilities.
A corner reflector of graphene Dirac fermions as a phonon-scattering sensor
Authors: Graef H. , Wilmart Q. , Rosticher M. , Mele D. , Banszerus L. , Stampfer C. , Taniguchi T. , Watanabe K. , Berroir J.-M. , Bocquillon E. , Fève G. , Teo E. H. T. , Plaçais B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDirac fermion optics exploits the refraction of chiral fermions across optics-inspired Klein-tunneling barriers defined by high-transparency p-n junctions. We consider the corner reflector (CR) geometry introduced in optics or radars. We fabricate Dirac fermion CRs using bottom-gate-defined barriers in hBN-encapsulated graphene. By suppressing transmission upon multiple internal reflections, CRs are sensitive to minute phonon scattering rates. Here we report on doping-independent CR transmission in quantitative agreement with a simple scattering model including thermal phonon scattering. As a signature of CRs, we observe Fabry-Pérot oscillations at low temperature, consistent with single-path reflections. Finally, we demonstrate high-frequency operation which promotes CRs as fast phonon detectors. Our work establishes the relevance of Dirac fermion optics in graphene and opens a route for its implementation in topological Dirac matter.
Low-energy electrons transform the nimorazole molecule into a radiosensitiser
Authors: Meißner Rebecca , Kočišek Jaroslav , Feketeová Linda , Fedor Juraj , Fárník Michal , Limão-Vieira Paulo , Illenberger Eugen , Denifl Stephan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile matter is irradiated with highly-energetic particles, it may become chemically modified. Thereby, the reactions of free low-energy electrons (LEEs) formed as secondary particles play an important role. It is unknown to what degree and by which mechanism LEEs contribute to the action of electron-affinic radiosensitisers applied in radiotherapy of hypoxic tumours. Here we show that LEEs effectively cause the reduction of the radiosensitiser nimorazole via associative electron attachment with the cross-section exceeding most of known molecules. This supports the hypothesis that nimorazole is selectively cytotoxic to tumour cells due to reduction of the molecule as prerequisite for accumulation in the cell. In contrast, dissociative electron attachment, commonly believed to be the source of chemical activity of LEEs, represents only a minor reaction channel which is further suppressed upon hydration. Our results show that LEEs may strongly contribute to the radiosensitising effect of nimorazole via associative electron attachment.