bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Process‐Related Quality Metrics and Survival of Patients with Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Appachi Swathi , Shah Janki , Reddy Chandana , Bowen Andrew , Koyfman Shlomo , Lamarre Eric 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo analyze the association of prior reported key quality metrics—neck dissection ≥18 nodes, radiation oncology referral for stage III/IV disease, unplanned surgery ≤14 days, and unplanned readmission ≤30 days—with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in oral cavity cancer (OCC).Study DesignA retrospective chart review.SettingA tertiary care center from 1995 to 2016.Subjects and MethodsData from patients with OCC who underwent primary surgery were studied. The association of quality metrics and pathology with DFS/OS was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.ResultsA total of 514 patients were included, and 398 (77.4%) underwent elective neck dissection. Key metrics were not associated with DFS on analysis, but higher pathologic stage and extracapsular extension (ECE) were. When stratified by stage, unplanned readmission within 30 days was associated with decreased survival on multivariate analysis (HR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.85; P =. 02) for patients with clinical stage III or IV disease. ECE was associated with decreased survival among these patients as well. Neck dissection with ≤18 nodes (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44‐0.86; P =. 004) and unplanned surgery within 14 days (HR = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.96; P =. 03) were associated with decreased survival on univariate analysis but not on multivariate analysis. ECE and higher‐stage disease were associated with decreased OS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionIn this study, aggressive pathology, rather than adherence to key quality metrics, was associated with lower DFS and OS among patients with OCC. More studies are needed to elucidate the association of quality metrics with survival.
Hop Testing Lacks Strong Association With Key Outcome Variables After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Losciale Justin M. , Bullock Garrett , Cromwell Christina , Ledbetter Leila , Pietrosimone Laura , Sell Timothy C. 
Published: May 2019

Background:Single-legged hop tests are commonly used assessments in return to sport (RTS) testing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although these tests are commonly used, their predictive validity has not yet been established.Purpose:To determine the strength of association between hop testing and RTS, knee reinjury, subjective report of knee function, and posttraumatic knee osteoarthritis (PTOA) after primary ACLR. Secondarily, to determine whether hop testing is able to predict a favorable result on the same outcome variables.Study Design:Systematic review.Methods:A systematic, computer-assisted literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed when conducting and reporting this review. Primary outcome variables for this review were self-report of knee function, return to preinjury level of activity, presence of reinjury, and presence of PTOA. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence tool was used to assess the level of evidence for each included study. Quality assessment of each included study was performed through use of a modified Downs and Black scale. Available metrics were tabulated based on outcome variables.Results:Overall, 21 studies (4476 patients) met inclusion for this review. The majority of evidence (95.2%) was of moderate to high methodologic quality. The most commonly associated outcome measure was the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from 0.20 to 0.60. The strength of association between the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and hop testing ranged from −0.10 to 0.62 in 4 studies. In all, 10 studies examined the relationship between hop testing and RTS, with variable association statistics reported. No meaningful association was found between hop testing and knee reinjury in 2 studies. Worse preoperative hop testing was associated with PTOA in 1 study.Conclusion:Hop testing appears to possess fair association to subjective report of knee function measured by the KOOS and IKDC and a patient’s ability to RTS after ACLR. Insufficient evidence is available to determine the relationship between hop testing and PTOA and knee reinjury. Predictive validity cannot be established based on available literature.
The Hayne Royal Commission and financial sector misbehaviour: Lasting change or temporary fix?
Authors: Davis Kevin 
Published: May 2019

The Hayne Royal Commission into Australian financial sector misbehaviour reported in February 2019. It is, however, unlikely to provide a lasting solution to problems of financial sector misbehaviour. It has identified a number of types of misbehaviour, their ‘proximate causes’ and recommended solutions to those. But, reflecting its limited mandate and limited time, it was unable to investigate the complex question of whether there are more deep-seated, fundamental issues driving financial sector misconduct, both in Australia and globally. This article argues that there are, and that consequently the benefits from the Royal Commission will be relatively short-lived, with misconduct likely to resurface, albeit in different guises. JEL Codes: G20, G28, K40
Arterio-VENouS Intra Subject agreement for blood gases within intensive care: The AVENSIS study
Authors: Nanjayya Vinodh B , McCracken Phoebe , Vallance Shirley , Board Jasmin , Kelly Patrick J , Schneider Hans G , Pilcher David , Garner Daniel J 
Published: May 2019

Background In critically ill patients, who require multiple blood gas assessments, agreement between arterial and venous blood gas values for pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide, is not clear. Good agreement would mean that venous values could be used to assess ventilation and metabolic status of patients in intensive care unit. Methods All adult patients admitted to Alfred intensive care unit, Melbourne, from February 2013 to January 2014, who were likely to have arterial and central venous lines for three days, were enrolled. Patients on extra-corporeal life support and pregnant women were excluded. After enrolment, near simultaneous arterial and central venous sampling and analysis were performed at least once per nursing shift till the lines were removed or the patient died. Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures was performed to assess the agreement between arterio-venous pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Results A total of 394 paired blood gas analyses were performed from 59 participants. The median (IQR) number of samples per patient was 6 (5–9) with the median (IQR) sampling interval 9.4 (5.2–18.5) h. The mean bias for pH was  + 0.036 with 95% limits of agreement ranging from − 0.005 to + 0.078. For partial pressure of carbon dioxide, the values were −2.58 and −10.43 to + 5.27 mmHg, respectively. Conclusions The arterio-venous agreement for pH in intensive care unit patients appears to be acceptable. However, the agreement for partial pressure of carbon dioxide was poor.
Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Hull Alastair M. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundFindings from neuroimaging studies complement our understanding of the wide-ranging neurobiological changes in trauma survivors who develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsTo determine whether neuroimaging studies had identified structural and functional changes specific to PTSD.MethodA review of all functional and structural neuroimaging studies of subjects with PTSD was carried out. Studies were identified using general medical and specific traumatic stress databases and paper searches of current contents and other secondary sources.ResultsThe most replicated structural finding is hippocampal volume reduction, which may limitthe proper evaluation and categorisation of experience. Replicated localised functional changes include increased activation ofthe amygdala after symptom provocation (which may reflect its role in emotional memory) and decreased activity of Broca's area at the same time (which may explain the difficulty patients have in labelling their experiences).ConclusionsEvidence from neuroimaging studies has suggested areas ofthe brain that may be damaged by psychological trauma. The clinical implications ofthese neuroimaging findings need to be investigated further because they challenge traditional therapeutic approaches.
Disruption of asxl1 results in myeloproliferative neoplasms in zebrafish
Authors: Gjini Evisa , Jing Chang-Bin , Nguyen Ashley T. , Reyon Deepak , Gans Emma , Kesarsing Michiel , Peterson Joshua , Pozdnyakova Olga , Rodig Scott J. , Mansour Marc R. , Joung Keith , Look A. Thomas 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Somatic loss-of-function mutations of the additional sex combs-like transcriptional regulator 1 (ASXL1) gene are common genetic abnormalities in human myeloid malignancies and induce clonal expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To understand how ASXL1 disruption leads to myeloid cell transformation, we generated asxl1 haploinsufficient and null zebrafish lines using genome-editing technology. Here, we show that homozygous loss of asxl1 leads to apoptosis of newly formed HSCs. Apoptosis occurred via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway mediated by upregulation of bim and bid. Half of the asxl1+/− zebrafish had myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) by 5 months of age. Heterozygous loss of asxl1 combined with heterozygous loss of tet2 led to a more penetrant MPN phenotype, while heterozygous loss of asxl1 combined with complete loss of tet2 led to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These findings support the use of asxl1+/− zebrafish as a strategy to identify small-molecule drugs to suppress the growth of asxl1 mutant but not wild-type HSCs in individuals with somatically acquired inactivating mutations of ASXL1.
Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns
Authors: Brommage Robert , Powell David R. , Vogel Peter 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied ‘ignorome’ genes.
Mandibular dysmorphology due to abnormal embryonic osteogenesis in FGFR2-related craniosynostosis mice
Authors: Motch Perrine Susan M. , Wu Meng , Stephens Nicholas B. , Kriti Divya , van Bakel Harm , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
One diagnostic feature of craniosynostosis syndromes is mandibular dysgenesis. Using three mouse models of Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer craniosynostosis syndromes, we investigated how embryonic development of the mandible is affected by fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) mutations. Quantitative analysis of skeletal form at birth revealed differences in mandibular morphology between mice carrying Fgfr2 mutations and their littermates that do not carry the mutations. Murine embryos with the mutations associated with Apert syndrome in humans (Fgfr2+/S252W and Fgfr2+/P253R) showed an increase in the size of the osteogenic anlagen and Meckel's cartilage (MC). Changes in the microarchitecture and mineralization of the developing mandible were visualized using histological staining. The mechanism for mandibular dysgenesis in the Apert Fgfr2+/S252W mouse resulting in the most severe phenotypic effects was further analyzed in detail and found to occur to a lesser degree in the other craniosynostosis mouse models. Laser capture microdissection and RNA-seq analysis revealed transcriptomic changes in mandibular bone at embryonic day 16.5 (E16.5), highlighting increased expression of genes related to osteoclast differentiation and dysregulated genes active in bone mineralization. Increased osteoclastic activity was corroborated by TRAP assay and in situ hybridization of Csf1r and Itgb3. Upregulated expression of Enpp1 and Ank was validated in the mandible of Fgfr2+/S252W embryos, and found to result in elevated inorganic pyrophosphate concentration. Increased proliferation of osteoblasts in the mandible and chondrocytes forming MC was identified in Fgfr2+/S252W embryos at E12.5. These findings provide evidence that FGFR2 gain-of-function mutations differentially affect cartilage formation and intramembranous ossification of dermal bone, contributing to mandibular dysmorphogenesis in craniosynostosis syndromes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
Evaluation of quality of life among dental students using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Al-Shibani Nouf , Al-Kattan Reem 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The objective was to use modified version of WHOQOL-BREF to assess the wellbeing and QOL of dental students of King Saud University based on four major domains.
Methods: The questionnaire related to the survey was distributed to all dental students (N= 782) who were enrolled from 1st year to 5th year in College of Dentistry, King Saud University in the fall of 2018. The questionnaire comprised of four domains having different set of questions i.e. Physical domain, Psychological domain, Environmental domain and Social relationship domain. Two stand-alone questions related to (Overall Quality of life and Satisfaction with health) were also part of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Cronbach’s Alpha was used to assess the reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Paired t-tests were conducted to compare the means of the four domains and chi-square. Chi-square test was used to find association of demographic characteristics with four domains and two stand-alone questions.
Results: The overall quality of life and satisfaction with health of the dental students was found to be satisfactorily favorable with environmental domain and moderately favorable with social relationship and physical health domains. Physical health domain with psychological domain was statistically significant (p-value <0.001) whereas physical health domain with social relationship and environmental domain was also found to be statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Respondents, who highly rated their overall quality of life and satisfaction with health, had higher domain scores.
Conclusion: In the present study, overall quality of life and satisfaction with health of dental students in King Saud University was found to be satisfactorily favorable.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.213
How to cite this:Al-Shibani N, Al-Kattan R. Evaluation of quality of life among dental students using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):668-673. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.213
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
External hemorrhoidal disease in child and teenage: Clinical presentations and risk factors
Authors: Yıldız Turan , Aydın Dilek Bingol , İlce Zekeriya , Yucak Aysel , Karaaslan Erol 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Hemorrhoidal disease (HD), though mostly seen in adults, has recently emerged as a common problem among children. However, the diagnosis and treatment of HD in children is mostly based on the data obtained in adult studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities in the children diagnosed with external HD.
Methods: The study was conducted at Sakarya University Medical School Pediatric Surgery Department between January 2012 and July 2018. We reviewed children who were diagnosed as having HD at Pediatric Surgery clinic. Age, gender, presenting symptoms, physical examination findings, risk factors, and treatment outcomes were evaluated for each patient.
Results: The study included 56 patients with a mean age of 140.8±45.2 months. The patients comprised 48 (85.7%) boys and 8 (14.3%) girls. Constipation and a positive family history were the most common risk factor (n=33; 58.9%, n=29; 51.8%, respectively). Conservative treatment was performed in 53 (94.6%) patients. Recurrence was observed in 5 (8.9%) and skin tag was detected in 6 (10.7%) patients.
Conclusions: External HD mostly occurs in boys in their second decade of life. Positive family history and constipation were the most common risk factors in our patients. Conservative treatment is sufficient for the management of external HD in children because of its low recurrence rates.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.442
How to cite this:Yildiz T, Aydin DB, Ilce Z, Yucak A, Karaaslan E. External hemorrhoidal disease in child and teenage: Clinical presentations and risk factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):696-700. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.442
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
“O fantasma da classe ausente”: ensaio sobre as bases sociais do Movimento da Reforma Sanitária | “The ghost of the absent class:” an essay on the social basis of the Sanitary Reform Movement
Authors: Stotz Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

Neste ensaio sobre as bases sociais do Movimento da Reforma Sanitária no Brasil, problematiza-se a alegoria do “fantasma da classe ausente”, formulada pela mais expressiva liderança deste movimento, Antonio Sérgio Arouca, no final da década de 1980. A alegoria representava o dilema de um movimento que pretendia falar em nome dos trabalhadores e para eles, sem estar enraizado em seus polos mais combativos. O texto procura mostrar que esta representação não passou de um deslocamento político e ideológico vinculado à estratégia democrático-burguesa defendida pelo Partido Comunista Brasileiro em sua fração “eurocomunista”, à qual pertencia boa parte dos participantes do movimento reformista.Palavras-Chave: Reforma Sanitária; Partido Comunista Brasileiro; estratégia democrático-burguesa; sindicalismo; movimento operário independente. Abstract – This essay presents a critique of the allegory of the “ghost of the absent class” formulated by the most expressive leadership of this movement, Antonio Sérgio Arouca, in the late 1980s. The allegory represented the dilemma of a movement that intended to speak for workers and to workers, without being rooted in its most proactive organizations. The text seeks to show that this representation was nothing more than a political and ideological shift linked to the bourgeois-democratic strategy defended by the Brazilian Communist Party’s “Euro-Communist” fraction, to which many of the reform movement’s participants belonged.Keywords: Brazilian Sanitary Reform Movement; Brazilian Communist Party; bourgeois-democratic strategy; syndicalism; independent labor movement.
As tramas sociais da experiência de trabalhadores ambulantes em Rio das Ostras | The social plots of the experience of street workers in Rio das Ostras
Authors: Da Silva Pollyana Luz Macedo 
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo traz reflexões sobre o trabalho informal, tendo como universo empírico a experiência profissional dos trabalhadores ambulantes integrantes do Programa Renda Alternativa, em Rio das Ostras (RJ). Portanto, a pesquisa foi desdobrada em levantamento bibliográfico, além de trabalho de campo com os ambulantes. Por meio desses dispositivos, buscou-se compreender os laços entre informalidade do trabalho e dinâmica capitalista. Os achados da pesquisa mostram que o trabalho ambulante acomete gerações de trabalhadores como consequência do desenvolvimento desigual e dependente do capitalismo, que limita a oferta de emprego. Somado a isso temos os processos de transformações socioeconômicas das últimas décadas, que intensificam as formas de precarização do trabalho, potencializando a chamada informalidade do trabalho. A expropriação do direito ao emprego empurra os trabalhadores para experiências laborativas inseguras e sem proteção social. A repetição entre familiares amplia a percepção da perenidade da expropriação social entre gerações de trabalhadores.Palavras-Chave: modo de produção capitalista; trabalho informal; trabalhadores ambulantes. Abstract –This article presents reflections on informal work, having as an empirical universe the work experience of the itinerant workers included in the "Alternative Income Program" in Rio das Ostras / RJ. Therefore, the research was deployed in a bibliographical survey, in addition to field work with street vendors. Through these devices, the research sought to understand the links between informality of work and capitalist dynamics. The research findings show that street work affects generations of workers as a consequence of the unequal and dependent development of capitalism that limits the supply of employment. Added to this we have the processes of socioeconomic transformations of the last decades that intensify the forms of precarization of work, enhancing the so-called informality of work. The expropriation of the right to employment pushes workers to unsafe and unprotected labor experiences. The repetition between relatives extends the perception of the perpetuation of social expropriation among generations of workers.Keywords: Mode of Capitalist Production, informal work and mobile workers.