bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CGRP – a target for acute therapy in migraine: Clinical data
Authors: Messina Roberta , Goadsby Peter J 
Published: April 2018

Background A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the migraine attack has reinforced the concept that migraine is a complex brain disease, and has paved the way for the development of new migraine specific acute treatments. In recent years, targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptors has been one of the most promising pharmacological strategies for both acute and preventive treatment of migraine. Findings Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated the superiority of small molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (gepants) over placebo in treating acute migraine attacks measured as the two-hour pain free endpoint. Gepants also improved migraine associated symptoms, such as nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. Two of the class have had their development stopped because of hepatotoxicity, which is emerging as being due to metabolites. Gepants have a good tolerability and can be safely used in patients with stable cardiovascular disease. Conclusion Exciting results have been obtained targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide pathway to abort acute migraine attacks, thus reinforcing the relevance of mechanism-based treatments specific for migraine.
Vitamin D Status among Young Children Aged 6 to 23 Months from 4 Different Ethnic Groups in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Yanhong , Li Yan , Zhang Xian , Zhao Lin , Chen Liqin , Sun Haisong 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in 6- to 23-month-old children from 4 different ethnic groups, Han, Lisu, Hani, and Bai, in Yunnan Province of China. Methods: A large cohort of 938 young children aged 6 to 23 months who were living in Yunnan, China (23°28′-27°52′ N), were selected and recruited in this study. Venous-blood sampling was conducted in all the participants, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured. The children’s physical status was measured. Results: General mean serum 25(OH)D level was 21.46 ± 7.95 ng/mL, which was obtained from a total of 938 cases. No significant difference was found in age, gender, height, and weight of participants from different ethnic groups. The mean 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in children of Lisu ethnic groups compared with that of Han and Hani participants, respectively ( P < .05). In addition, Bai children had lower 25(OH)D content than Hani children ( P < .001). Among the children with 25(OH)D sufficiency, the number of Lisu participants was significantly lower than Han children ( P < .001). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied among the ethnically different children in Yunnan, China, and significantly fewer Lisu children maintained vitamin D sufficiency compared with other ethnic children. Recognizing these ethnic differences in treating children with vitamin D deficiency may improve the therapeutic outcome.
Outcomes of Renal Transplants from Spousal Donors: 25 Years of Experience at Our Center
Authors: Gorgulu Numan , Caliskan Yasar , Yelken Berna , Turkmen Aydin 
Published: April 2018

Objectives Many transplantation teams have attempted renal transplants from living unrelated kidney donors, as well as from cadaveric and living related kidney donors. In this study, we evaluated the results for renal transplants from spousal donors at our center. Methods We retrospectively analyzed renal transplant patients from spousal donors from 1983 to 2008. A total of 25 patients who underwent a cadaveric donor renal transplant from 1983 to 2008 were also studied as a control group. Patients were evaluated regarding patient and graft survival at 1 and 5 years of follow-up. Acute rejection, delayed graft function, infections, and late complications were recorded. Results Thirty-eight male, spousal transplant recipients (group 1), 21 female, spousal transplant recipients (group 2), and 25 cadaveric donor transplant recipients were included this study. Graft survival rates were 96% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p=0.76) at 1-year follow-up. Patient survival rates in group 1 and 2 were both 100% at 1-year follow-up. Graft survival rates were 80% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p=0.12) at 5-year follow-up. Patient survival rates were 90% in group 1 and 100% in group 2 (p=0.56) at 5-year follow-up. Acute rejection rates were 10% (group 1) and 33% (group 2) (p=0.03); delayed graft function rates were 0% (group 1) and 10% (group 2) (p=0.05); infection rates were 16% (group 1) and 5% (group 2) (p=0.21) as early period posttransplant complications. Conclusion Results for transplants between spouses in our groups were comparable to those previously reported in the literature. Acute rejection rates were mildly higher in female recipients than in the male recipients due to pre-sensitization arising from previous pregnancies; however, long-term patient and graft survival rates were not significantly different between female and male recipients.
Role of genetic variations of chitinase 3-like 1 in bronchial asthmatic patients
Authors: Abe Kazuyuki , Nakamura Yutaka , Yamauchi Kohei , Maemondo Makoto 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) are associated with bronchial severity and pulmonary function. CHI3L1 proteins are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, to date, the correlation of these SNPs and their age of onset of bronchial asthma has not been demonstrated.

Methods
To address the role of these genetic variations, 390 patients with well-controlled bronchial asthma and living in Japan were recruited, genotyped, and had a pulmonary function test performed on them in this study. To analyze the concentration levels of CHI3L1 protein, bronchial lavage fluids were examined.

Results
Forced expiratory volume in one second, %predicted (%FEV1), was significantly decreased in homozygotes of rs1214194 compared to heterozygotes and wild type. The age of onset of adult bronchial asthma was significantly younger in GG homozygotes of rs4950928 and AA homozygotes of rs1214194 than in the other two genotypes. The concentration of CHI3L1 protein in bronchial lavage fluid increased in both homozygotes of rs4950928 and rs1214194.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that the homozygotes of rs4950928 and rs1214194 of CHI3L1 might predict an early onset of bronchial asthma and have the propensity to promote airway remodeling.
Trial registration JMA-IIA00045 remodeling-ICS
Adolescent mental health education InSciEd Out: a case study of an alternative middle school population
Authors: Yang Joanna , Lopez Cervera Roberto , Tye Susannah J. , Ekker Stephen C. , Pierret Chris 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
Mental illness contributes substantially to global disease burden, particularly when illness onset occurs during youth and help-seeking is delayed and/or limited. Yet, few mental health promotion interventions target youth, particularly those with or at high risk of developing mental illness (“at-risk” youth). Community-based translational research has the capacity to identify and intervene upon barriers to positive health outcomes. This is especially important for integrated care in at-risk youth populations.

Methods
Here the Integrated Science Education Outreach (InSciEd Out) program delivered a novel school-based anti-stigma intervention in mental health to a cohort of seventh and eighth grade at-risk students. These students were assessed for changes in mental health knowledge, stigmatization, and help-seeking intentions via a classroom activity, surveys, and teacher interviews. Descriptive statistics and Cohen’s d effect sizes were employed to assess pre–post changes. Inferential statistical analyses were also conducted on pilot results to provide a benchmark to inform future studies.

Results
Elimination of mental health misconceptions (substance weakness p = 0.00; recovery p = 0.05; prevention p = 0.05; violent p = 0.05) was accompanied by slight gains in mental health literacy (d = 0.18) and small to medium improvements in help-seeking intentions (anxiety d = 0.24; depression d = 0.48; substance d = 0.43; psychosis d = 0.53). Within this particular cohort of students, stigma was exceptionally low at baseline and remained largely unchanged. Teacher narratives revealed positive teacher views of programming, increased student openness to talk about mental illness, and higher peer and self-acceptance of mental health diagnoses and help-seeking.

Conclusions
Curricular-based efforts focused on mental illness in an alternative school setting are feasible and integrated well into general curricula under the InSciEd Out framework. Preliminary data suggest the existence of unique help-seeking barriers in at-risk youth. Increased focus upon community-based programming has potential to bridge gaps in translation, bringing this critical population to clinical care in pursuit of improved mental health for all.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ID:NCT02680899. Registered 12 February 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02680899
Diaphragm dysfunction during weaning from mechanical ventilation: an underestimated phenomenon with clinical implications
Authors: Dres Martin , Demoule Alexandre 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Effects of Fluids on the Macro- and Microcirculations
Authors: Bennett Victoria A. , Vidouris Alexander , Cecconi Maurizio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Continuous Electroencephalography Monitoring in Adults in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Caricato Anselmo , Melchionda Isabella , Antonelli Massimo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2018. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2018. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from http://www.springer.com/series/8901.
Can cloudlet coordination support cloud computing infrastructure?
Authors: Alsaleh Abdullah 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe popularity of mobile applications on smartphones requires mobile devices to perform high-performing processing tasks. The computational resources of these devices are limited due to memory, battery life, heat, and weight dissipation. To overcome the limitations of mobile devices, cloud computing is considered the best solution. The major issues faced by cloud computing are expensive roaming charges and growing demand for radio access. However, some major benefits associated with cloud computing are fast application processing, fast transfer of data, and substantial reduction in the use of mobile resources. This study evaluated the association between the distance of cloud servers and cloudlets with and without coordination and data latency. Fast communication in the cloudlet environment is facilitated by coordinated cloudlets, which have a positive influence on the infrastructure of cloud computing. The coordinated cloudlets can be efficiently accessed in different areas, such as vehicular networks, vehicular fog computing, and fog computing.
Prospective surveillance of healthcare-associated infections and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in an Italian intensive care unit
Authors: Bianco Aida , Capano Maria Simona , Mascaro Valentina , Pileggi Claudia , Pavia Maria 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background
The study aimed to evaluate the distribution of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), the incidence rates and device utilization ratio (DUR) of device-associated infections (DAIs), as well as the distribution and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of the responsible pathogens.

Methods
Eligible patients who were admitted to an adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) from May 1, 2013 to December 31, 2016 were included in the surveillance. Demographics, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors, information regarding infection and isolated pathogens with antibiogram results were collected.

Results
One thousand two hundred eighty-three patients were included in the surveillance. One hundred forty-seven HAIs were detected with a cumulative incidence of 9.2 per 100 patients 4-year period and an incidence rate of 17.4 per 1000 patient days. Fifty-six out of 1283 patients were affected by at least one episode of ICU-acquired pneumonia, and 72.7% of these were associated with intubation. ICU-acquired bloodstream infections (BSIs) occurred in 4.4% of patients and 89.5% were catheter-related. ICU-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) occurred in 1% of patients, with 84.6% of the episodes being associated with the use of an urinary catheter. The pattern of antimicrobial-resistance in the isolates showed, among the Gram-positive bacteria, that 66.6% and 16.6% of Staphylococcus epidermidis were oxacillin and teicoplanin resistant, respectively. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, carbapenem resistance was found in 91.6% of Acinetobacter baumannii and 28.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

Conclusions
The majority of HAIs in the ICU studied were associated with the use of invasive devices. Since a significant proportion of these HAIs are considered preventable, reinforcement of the evidence-based preventive procedures are needed.
In-office laryngeal procedures (IOLP) in Canada: Current safety practices and procedural care
Authors: Bensoussan Yael , Anderson Jennifer 
Published: April 2018

Background The advent of chip tip technology combined with advanced endoscopy has revolutionized the field of laryngology in the past decade. Procedures such as transnasal esophagoscopy, site-specific steroid injections, injection laryngoplasty and laryngeal laser treatment can now be performed in the office setting under local anaesthesia. Although In-Office Laryngeal Procedures (IOLPs) have become standard-of-care in many American and several Canadian centers, there are no guidelines regulating the practice of these procedures. The goal of this report was to evaluate the current method of IOLP delivery in Canada. Methods An electronic survey was dispersed to 22 practicing Canadian laryngologists to assess safety and procedural care measures undertaken when performing IOLP. The survey consisted of 37 questions divided into 6 categories; 1) Demographic data 2) Facilities 3) Staff/personnel 4) Patient screening/monitoring 5) Procedure and emergency equipment 6) Reporting of adverse events. Results Data was collected for 16/22 laryngologists (72.7% response rate). Only 1 respondent did not perform IOLP. All performed injection augmentation laryngoplasty. Most performed laryngeal biopsies, intramuscular injection and/or electromyography guided injection for the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia and glottic/subglottic steroid injections. Only 4 respondents performed in-office KTP laser. Significant variation was found in procedural processes including intra procedural monitoring, anticoagulation screening, access to emergency equipment and documentation. Conclusion Our survey demonstrates that the delivery of IOLP in Canada varies considerably. The construct of IOLP practice guidelines based on the evidence with consistent documentation would promote safe, efficient and quality care for patient with voice disorders.
Comparisons of fabric care performances between conventional and high-efficiency washers and dryers
Authors: Chen-Yu Jessie H. , Emmel JoAnn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh-efficiency (HE) washers use 35–50% less water and about 50% less energy per load than conventional washers. However, there has been a consistent debate as to whether HE washers perform better or worse in garment care than conventional washers. Consumers need research-based information that would help them make informed decisions concerning the purchase of a clothes washer. The purpose of this study was to compare fabric hand, appearance retention (strain removal, color change, and fabric smoothness), and dimension stability (dimensional change and skewness change) after the specimens were repeatedly washed and dried for up to 20 cycles in three combinations of washer and dryer used: (a) conventional washer and dryer, (b) HE washer and conventional dryer, and (c) HE washer and dryer. The results showed that the specimens washed in the HE washer had better fabric hand and were smoother (fewer wrinkles) than those washed in the conventional washer. Conventional and HE washers performed similarly in color change, dimensional change, and skewness change. In regard to dryer, all results except those for stain removal showed no significant differences between the specimens dried in the conventional dryer and those dried in the HE dryer. In stain removal, when a softener was not used, the conventional dryer removed more stains from the specimens than the HE dryer. However, when a softener was used, the stains on the specimens dried in the conventional dryer were more difficult to remove than those on the specimens dried in the HE dryer.
Selection of candidates for surgery as local therapy among early‐stage small cell lung cancer patients: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Jin Kaiqi , Zhang Kaixuan , Zhou Feng , Dai Jie , Zhang Peng , Jiang Gening 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurgery and radiotherapy are considered local therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The present study aimed to select candidates for surgery as local therapy among patients with stage I or II SCLC, based on the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer.MethodsPatients diagnosed with SCLC between 2004 and 2013 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results database. The TNM stage of SCLC in these patients was re‐classified according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. Patients with stage I or II SCLC were included in the present study. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were separately compared in the different TNM stages between patients who received surgery and radiotherapy as local therapy. Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate multiple factors associated with survival.ResultsAmong the 2129 patients included in the present study, 387 (18.2%) received surgery, 1032 (48.5%) underwent radiotherapy as local therapy, 154 (7.2%) underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and 556 (26.1%) did not undergo either surgery or radiotherapy. Among patients with T1‐2N0 (tumor size ≤ 50 mm without positive lymph nodes) disease, patients who underwent surgery had higher 5‐year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy (T1N0: 46.0% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.001, and 58.4% vs. 36.4%, P < 0.001, respectively; T2N0: 42.6% vs. 24.7%, P = 0.004, and 48.8% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.011, respectively). Multivariate analysis results revealed that surgery was associated with low risk of death. However, among T3N0 or T1‐2N1 (stage IIB) SCLC patients, patients who underwent surgery did not have higher 5‐year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy (T3N0: 16.2% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.085, and 28.7% vs. 30.9%, P = 0.372, respectively; T1‐2N1: 20.3% vs. 29.0%, P = 0.146, and 25.6% vs. 35.5%, P = 0.064, respectively).ConclusionsBased on the assumption that the overwhelming majority of stage I or II SCLC patients who underwent surgery or radiotherapy also received certain types of systemic therapy, only patients with T1‐2N0 SCLC may benefit from surgery as local therapy. Patients with T3N0 or T1‐2N1 SCLC may consider radiotherapy as local therapy.
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for high‐grade dysplasia and early‐stage carcinoma in the colorectum
Authors: Chen Tao , Qin Wen‐Zheng , Yao Li‐Qing , Zhong Yun‐Shi , Zhang Yi‐Qun , Chen Wei‐Feng , Hu Jian‐Wei , Ooi Marie , Chen Ling‐Li , Hou Ying‐Yong , Xu Mei‐Dong , Zhou Ping‐Hong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundColorectal carcinomas (CRCs) arise from premalignant precursors in an adenoma‐carcinoma sequence, in which adenoma with high‐grade dysplasia (HGD) and early‐stage carcinoma are defined as advanced neoplasia. A limited number of studies have evaluated the long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for advanced colorectal neoplasia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ESD for advanced colorectal neoplasia as well as the long‐term outcomes, including local recurrence and metastasis.MethodsWe analyzed data collected from 610 consecutive patients with 616 advanced colorectal neoplasia lesions treated with ESD between January 2007 and December 2013. Clinical, endoscopic, and histological data were collected over a median follow‐up period of 58 months to determine tumor stage and type, resection status, complications, tumor recurrence, and distant metastasis.ResultsThe overall rates of en bloc resection, histological complete resection, and major complications were 94.3%, 89.4%, and 2.3%, respectively. Hybrid ESD was an independent factor of piecemeal resection. Tumor location in the colon was associated with increased risk of ESD‐related complications. During the follow‐up period, all patients remained free of metastasis. However, local recurrence occurred in 4 patients (0.8%); piecemeal resection was a risk factor.ConclusionsESD is effective and safe for resection of advanced colorectal neoplasia, with a high en bloc resection rate and favorable long‐term outcomes. ESD is indicated for the treatment of HGD and early‐stage CRC to obtain curative resection and reduce local recurrence rate.