bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Non-Target Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Exposed to Dinotefuran From Spotted Lanternfly (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) Trap Trees?
Authors: Underwood Robyn , Breeman Brian , Benton Joseph , Bielski Jason , Palkendo Julie , Betts Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The spotted lanternfly, Lycorma delicatula, is an introduced plant hopper that causes significant damage to host plants in the United States. Because of its affinity for tree of heaven, Ailanthus altissima, control efforts have focused on the use of the systemic insecticide, dinotefuran, in designated trap trees. There is concern about exposure to this pesticide by non-target species, especially honey bees, Apis mellifera, via lanternfly honeydew. Therefore, honey bee colonies were established in areas of high densities of trap trees and samples of honey, bees, and beeswax were collected in May, July, and October of 2017 for analysis. Samples were extracted by the QuEChERS method and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to determine the presence and quantity of dinotefuran. Additionally, honeydew from lanternflies was analyzed for dinotefuran and informal observations of trap tree visitors were made. None of the worker bee, wax, or honey samples indicated detectable levels of dinotefuran; however, honeydew samples collected did contain dinotefuran above the detection limit with amounts ranging from 3 to 100 ng per sample. The lack of dinotefuran in honey bee products matches the general absence of honey bees at trap trees in informal observations.
Pediatric Mucormycosis: A 10-Year Systematic Review of Reported Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Otto William R , Pahud Barbara A , Yin Dwight E 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMucormycosis is a severe infection that affects a variety of patients, including immunocompromised children and neonates. Given improved survival rates from advances in the treatment of malignancies, the population at risk for mucormycosis is increasing. We conducted a systematic review of cases of mucormycosis in children in the English-language literature reported between August 2008 and June 2017 and analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, and outcome of those infections. The most common underlying diagnoses included neutropenia (41%), hematologic malignancy (39%), prematurity (13%), and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (11%). Sinus disease (28%) and disseminated disease (24%) were the most common presentations. Rhizopus spp were the most common organisms isolated (22%). Amphotericin B remains the backbone of treatment and was prescribed in 86% of these cases. The resulting mortality rate remains high (32%). We provide here the results of a literature review of mucormycosis in children, including its epidemiology and clinical manifestations, and describe current advances in its diagnosis and treatment.
Evaluation of a commercially available, point-of-care Coccidioides antibody lateral flow assay to aid in rapid diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in dogs
Authors: Schlacks Sallianne , Vishkautsan Polina , Butkiewicz Christine , Shubitz Lisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis in dogs can range from mild respiratory disease or vague, chronic malaise to acute, severe life-threatening illness. The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in dogs is based on clinical presentation and serology. Spherule identification is not typical because of low numbers of organisms in specimens, and the invasive nature of sampling tissues and lungs. Conventional serological assays require samples to be submitted to a reference laboratory and results take several days to one week. The sōna Coccidioides Antibody Lateral Flow Assay (LFA) (IMMY Diagnostics) is a rapid, bench-side test used for detection of Coccidioides antibodies that is available and FDA-cleared for use in humans but has not been evaluated in dogs. The goal of this study was to compare the LFA to conventional agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Paired serum samples were collected for screening by the LFA and submitted to a commercial reference laboratory for AGID screen and titer. Of 56 paired serum samples analyzed, 30 were positive and 26 were negative on the sōna Coccidioides antibody LFA. The overall percentage agreement plus 95% confidence interval (CI) was 87.5% (76.20–93.99). Positive percent agreement was 89.7% (73.38–96.65) and negative percent agreement was 85.2% (67.25–94.36). The kappa coefficient to assess agreement was 0.749 (95% CI, 0.576–0.923), which is interpreted as good agreement between the tests (&gt;70%). The sōna Coccidioides antibody LFA provided rapid, point-of-care results with a high level of agreement to standard AGID serology in dogs clinically suspected to have coccidioidomycosis, and may aid in diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis in dogs.
Dipole distortions in the intergalactic medium
Authors: Inman Derek , Pen Ue-Li , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Baryonic feedback can significantly modify the spatial distribution of matter on small scales and create a bulk relative velocity between the dominant cold dark matter and the hot gas. We study the consequences of such bulk motions using two high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations, one with no feedback and one with very strong feedback. We find that relative velocities of order $100\ {\rm km}\, {\rm s}^{-1}$ are produced in the strong feedback simulation, whereas it is much smaller when there is no feedback. Such relative motions induce dipole distortions to the gas, which we quantify by computing the dipole correlation function. We find halo coordinates and velocities are systematically changed in the direction of the relative velocity. Finally, we discuss potential to observe the relative velocity via large-scale structure, Sunyaev–Zel’dovich and line emission measurements. Given the non-linear nature of this effect, it should next be studied in simulations with different feedback implementations/strengths to determine the available model space.
First study of reionization in tilted flat and untilted non-flat dynamical dark energy inflation models
Authors: Mitra Sourav , Park Chan-Gyung , Choudhury Tirthankar Roy , Ratra Bharat 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe examine the effects of dark energy dynamics and spatial curvature on cosmic reionization by studying reionization in tilted spatially flat and untilted non-flat XCDM and ϕCDM dynamical dark energy inflation models that best fit the Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy and a large compilation of non-CMB data. We carry out a detailed statistical study, based on a principal component analysis and a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of a compilation of lower-redshift reionization data to estimate the uncertainties in the cosmological model reionization histories. We find that, irrespective of the nature of dark energy, there are significant differences between the reionization histories of the spatially flat and non-flat models. Although both the flat and non-flat models can accurately match the low-redshift (z ≲ 6) reionization observations, there is a clear discrepancy between high-redshift (z &gt; 7) Lyman-α emitter data and the predictions from non-flat models. This is solely due to the fact that the non-flat models have a significantly larger electron scattering optical depth, τel, compared to the flat models, which requires an extended and much earlier reionization scenario supported by more high-redshift ionizing sources in the non-flat models. Non-flat models also require strong redshift evolution in the photon escape fraction, which can become unrealistically high (≳1) at some redshifts. However, τel is about 0.9-σ lower in the tilted flat ΛCDM model when the new Planck 2018 data are used and this reduction will partially alleviate the tension between the non-flat model predictions and the data.
First Reported Human Cases of Leptospirosis in the United States Virgin Islands in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, September–November 2017
Authors: Marinova-Petkova Atanaska , Guendel Irene , Strysko Jonathan P , Ekpo Lisa LaPlace , Galloway Renee , Yoder Jonathan , Kahler Amy , Artus Aileen , Hoffmaster Alex R , Bower William A , Walke Henry , Ellis Brett R , Hunte-Ceasar Tai , Ellis Esther M , Schafer Ilana J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveFollowing Hurricanes Irma and Maria, the first case of human leptospirosis ever identified in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) was reported to the Virgin Islands Department of Health. Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal bacterial disease caused by Leptospira species found in animal urine and urine-contaminated water and soil. Outbreaks can occur following extreme weather events.MethodAdditional cases of leptospirosis were identified in the 2.5 months post-hurricanes by reviewing emergency department (ED) records from territorial hospitals for patients demonstrating leptospirosis-consistent symptoms, testing symptomatic patients previously enrolled in the USVI arbovirus surveillance system (VIASS), and adding leptospirosis testing prospectively to VIASS. Available patient sera underwent local rapid diagnostic testing for anti-Leptospira IgM followed by confirmatory microscopic agglutination testing at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Water was collected from cisterns with epidemiologic links to confirmed cases and tested by real-time PCR (qPCR) for pathogenic Leptospira spp.ResultsSixteen retrospectively identified symptomatic patients were enrolled in VIASS; 15 with available samples tested negative. Based on review of 5226 ED charts, 6 patients were further investigated; of these, 5 were tested of which 1 was positive. Prospective leptospirosis surveillance tested 57 additional patients; of these, 1 was positive. Water from 1 of 5 tested cisterns was found positive by qPCR.ConclusionsThis investigation documents the first 3 cases of leptospirosis reported in the USVI and demonstrates how VIASS successfully was adapted to establish leptospirosis surveillance. Contaminated cistern water was identified as a potential source for Leptospira spp. transmission, highlighting the need for additional post-hurricane remediation and disinfection guidance.
Career Risk and Market Discipline in Asset Management
Authors: Ellul Andrew , Pagano Marco , Scognamiglio Annalisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We establish that the labor market helps discipline asset managers via the impact of fund liquidations on their careers. Using hand-collected data on 1,948 professionals, we find that top managers working for funds liquidated after persistently poor relative performance suffer demotion coupled with a significant loss in imputed compensation. Scarring effects are absent when liquidations are preceded by normal relative performance or involve mid-level employees. Seen through the lens of a model with moral hazard and adverse selection, these scarring effects can be ascribed to a drop in asset managers’ reputation. The findings suggest that performance-induced liquidations supplement compensation-based incentives.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Cross-species convergence in pupillary response: understanding human anxiety via non-human primate amygdala lesion
Authors: Pagliaccio David , Pine Daniel S , Leibenluft Ellen , Dal Monte O , Averbeck Bruno B , Costa Vincent D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Few studies have used matched affective paradigms to compare humans and non-human primates. In monkeys with amygdala lesions and youth with anxiety disorders, we examined cross-species pupillary responses during a saccade-based, affective attentional capture task. Given evidence of enhanced amygdala function in anxiety, we hypothesized that opposite patterns would emerge in lesioned monkeys and anxious participants. A total of 53 unmedicated youths (27 anxious, 26 healthy) and 8 adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) completed matched behavioral paradigms. Four monkeys received bilateral excitotoxic amygdala lesions and four served as unoperated controls. Compared to healthy youth, anxious youth exhibited increased pupillary constriction in response to emotional and non-emotional distractors (F(1,48) = 6.28, P = 0.02, η2p = 0.12). Pupillary response was associated significantly with anxiety symptoms severity (F(1,48) = 5.59, P = 0.02, η2p = 0.10). As hypothesized, lesioned monkeys exhibited the opposite pattern i.e. decreased pupillary constriction in response to distractors, compared to unoperated control monkeys (F(1,32) = 24.22, P < 0.001, η2 = 0.33). Amygdala lesioned monkeys and youth with anxiety disorders show opposite patterns of pupil constriction in the context of an affective distractor task. Such findings suggest the presence of altered amygdala circuitry functioning in anxiety. Future lesion and human neuroimaging work might examine the way in which specific amygdala sub-nuclei and downstream circuits mediate these effects.
From impact factors to real impact: translating evidence on lifestyle interventions into routine mental health care
Authors: Deenik Jeroen , Czosnek Louise , Teasdale Scott B , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph , Schuch Felipe B , Tenback Diederik E , van Harten Peter N , Tak Erwin C P M , Lederman Oscar , Ward Philip B , Hendriksen Ingrid J M , Vancampfort Davy , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The scandal of premature mortality in people with serious mental illness is well established. Despite an increase in studies evaluating the efficacy of lifestyle interventions, translating this evidence into routine clinical care and policies is challenging, in part due to limited effectiveness or implementation research. We highlight the challenge of implementation that is increasingly recognized in clinical practice, advocate for adopting implementation science to study the implementation and systematic update of effective interventions in practice and policy, and provide directions for future research.
Anterolateral thigh measurements by ultrasound in neonates and young infants to ensure safe intramuscular injections during vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Bhowmick Rohit , Bharti Bhavneet , Kumar Praveen , Saxena Akshay K , Bharti Sahul 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Use of same length needle for intramuscularly administered vaccines had been reported to cause under-and over-penetration among infants due to their different body weights and underlying variations in the fat and muscle thickness. Normative data regarding thigh compartment thickness are, however, lacking among neonates and infants aged ≤12 weeks particularly in low- and middle-incoming countries with high burden of low birth weight/growth restricted infants.

Methods
Present study investigated skin to muscle and skin to bone (STBD) distances of anterolateral thigh of babies (n = 300) aged ≤12 weeks (1–80 days) with different weight groups (&lt;3 kg, 3–4 kg and &gt;4 kg) by ultrasonography during their intramuscular vaccinations.

Results
Overall, mean [standard deviation (SD)] STBD was 17.04 (2.66) mm with range of 10.60–23.30 mm. Stratifying by current body weight, mean (SD) STBD in infants weighing less than 3 kg was 14.39 (1.23) mm. For infants weighing between 3–4 kg and &gt;4 kg, the mean (SD) STBD were 16.69 (1.43) mm and 17.04 (2.66) mm, respectively. Estimated safety (no risk of over-penetration) of 16 mm was observed in 57.33% (172) infants whereas 25 mm needle had 100% over-penetration risk in the study cohort. Current body weight of infants was a significant predictor of safe injection [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.97].

Conclusions
Our study offers objective normative measurements of anterolateral thigh for safe intramuscular vaccination in young infants especially for low birth weight and growth restricted infants in low- and middle-income countries.
Investigating the Causal Mechanisms of Symptom Recovery in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Liew Bernard X.W. , Scutari Marco , Peolsson Anneli , Peterson Gunnel , Ludvigsson Maria L. , Falla Deborah 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
The present study’s objective was to understand the causal mechanisms underpinning the recovery of individuals with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD). We applied Bayesian Networks (BN) to answer 2 study aims: (1) to identify the causal mechanism(s) of recovery underpinning neck-specific exercise (NSE), and (2) quantify if the cyclical pathway of the fear-avoidance model (FAM) is supported by the present data.

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed a prospective cohort data set of 216 individuals with chronic WAD. Fifteen variables were used to build a BN model: treatment group (NSE with or without a behavioral approach, or general physical activity), muscle endurance, range of motion, hand strength, neck proprioception, pain catastrophizing, fear, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, perceived work ability, disability, pain intensity, sex, and follow-up time.

Results:
The BN model showed that neck pain reduction rate was greater after NSE compared with physical activity prescription (β=0.59 points per month [P<0.001]) only in the presence of 2 mediators: global neck muscle endurance and perceived work ability. We also found the following pathway of variables that constituted the FAM: anxiety, followed by depressive symptoms, fear, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, and consequently pain.

Conclusions:
We uncovered 2 mediators that explained the mechanisms of effect behind NSE, and proposed an alternative FAM pathway. The present study is the first to apply BN modelling to understand the causal mechanisms of recovery in WAD. In doing so, it is anticipated that such analytical methods could increase the precision of treatment of individuals with chronic WAD.
Pediatric ACL Tears: Natural History
Authors: Dingel Aleksei , Aoyama Julien , Ganley Ted , Shea Kevin 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Increased participation in youth sports is associated with increased rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in the skeletally immature. Historically, ACL reconstruction was avoided in the skeletally immature, or delayed until skeletal maturity, to avoid physeal injury and growth disturbance. Current practices and meta-analyses support early ACL reconstruction in some groups, to allow for return to activities and to avoid delayed cartilage/meniscus injury.

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to report on the natural history of ACL injuries in the skeletally immature.

Methods:
A review of published literature on pediatric, skeletally immature ACL tears and conservative, nonoperative treatment was conducted via Pubmed articles published from 1970 to 2018. The search criteria included the key terms “anterior cruciate ligament,” “pediatric” and/or “adolescent,” and “conservative” and/or “nonoperative treatment.” A PRISMA workflow was used to narrow down the articles to those relevant to our analysis and available in full text format.

Results:
Multiple articles on the nonoperative treatment of the ACL showed secondary meniscal and cartilage damage at the time of follow-up. Some articles showed no difference between the rates of secondary injuries between the surgical and nonsurgical treatment groups; however, the nonsurgical treatment groups were often on significant activity modification. Some articles concluded that nonoperative treatment of the ACL tear may be appropriate in low risk, lower level activity patients, and those that will comply with activity restrictions. Even with bracing and PT programs, active athletes treated without surgery appear to have a concerning rate of secondary meniscus injury after the primary ACL injury event.

Conclusions:
The natural history of the ACL tear shows nonoperative treatment for the skeletally immature may be a viable treatment pathway for those who are able to comply with the physical activity restrictions. For the general population of young, active adolescents, an ACL injury treated nonoperatively often leads to secondary meniscal and/or cartilage damage, which may lead to knee degeneration and functional instability.
The Natural History of Meniscus Tears
Authors: Chambers Henry G. , Chambers Reid C. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
In order to determine whether treatments are effective in the treatment of meniscus tears, it is first necessary to understand the natural history of meniscus tears. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to ascertain the natural history of meniscus tears in children and adolescents.

Methods:
A search of the Pubmed and Embase databases was performed using the search terms “meniscus tears,” “natural history of meniscus tears,” “knee meniscus,” “discoid meniscus,” and “natural history of discoid meniscus tears.”

Results:
A total of 2567 articles on meniscus tears, 28 articles on natural history of meniscus tears, 8065 articles on “menisci,” 396 articles on “discoid meniscus,” and only 2 on the “natural history of discoid meniscus” were found. After reviewing the titles of these articles and reviewing the abstracts of 237 articles, it was clear that there was little true long-term natural history data of untreated meniscus tears nor whether treating meniscus tears altered the natural history. Twenty-five articles were chosen as there was some mention of natural history in their studies.

Conclusions:
There are few long-term data on untreated meniscal tears or discoid meniscus, or tears in children and adolescents. The literature suggests that there is a higher incidence of chondral injury and subsequent osteoarthritis, but there are many confounding variables which are not controlled for in these relatively short-term papers.
Patient Activation is Not Associated With Postoperative Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Patel Dil V. , Yoo Joon S. , Block Andrew M. , Karmarkar Sailee S. , Lamoutte Eric H. , Singh Kern 
Published: June 2019

Study Design:
This was a retrospective study.

Objective:
To determine whether an association exists between preoperative patient activation, as measured by the 10-Item Patient Activation Measure (PAM-10), and postoperative outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
Patient motivation in maintaining positive health behaviors, a concept known as patient activation, has been established as an indicator for improvement in pain, disability, and physical function after surgery. However, no studies examine the effect of preoperative patient activation scores on outcomes following ACDF.

Methods:
A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed and included patients that had a primary, 1–3 level ACDF for degenerative pathology. Patients were categorized into 3 subgroups according to their preoperative PAM-10 scores as follows: “low PAM” (bottom quartile), “moderate PAM” (second and third quartile), and “high PAM” (top quartile). Demographics and perioperative characteristics were recorded. Patient-reported outcomes including Neck Disability Index, 12-Item Short-Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) neck and arm pain were collected preoperatively and at 6-week, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month postoperative follow-up.

Results:
A total of 64 patients were included in this analysis. Patients were stratified by their PAM scores as follows: 25 had a low PAM score, 19 had a moderate PAM score, and 20 had a high PAM score. There was no difference in inpatient VAS pain scores or narcotic consumption. In addition, there was no difference in improvement in VAS neck pain, VAS arm pain, Neck Disability Index, and SF-12 PCS among subgroups at all postoperative follow-ups.

Conclusions:
Although PAM has been associated with better postoperative recovery in lumbar spine patients and other orthopedic surgeries, our investigation suggests that preoperative PAM assessments are not an effective method to predict postoperative outcomes following an ACDF.