bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Sreenath I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.
NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC PROTISTS
Authors: Grell Karl 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNuclear dualism, i.e. the occurrence of two nuclei, different in structure and function within the same cell, is a phenomenon restricted to the heterokaryotic Foraminifera and to the ciliates. Though interesting similarities exist, there is no doubt that the phenomenon developed independently in both groups.In the Foraminifera whose taxonomy is still based exclusively on the morphology of the shells, nuclear dualism is a striking “bridge of homology” connecting certain genera and species of the family Rotaliidae. As will be demonstrated, its variable expression gives some insight into the evolutionary process. However, other features such as the mode of sexual reproduction have to be considered too, if an attempt is made to clarify phylogenetic relationships.
SEED PROTEIN PROFILES OF AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVES OF VIGNA SPP.
Authors: Carasco J. F. , Derbyshire E. , Boulter D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRepresentatives of Vigna species may be separated into a number of groups on the basis of their seed protein profiles. Since these groups are consistent with contemporary classifications of the species it is suggested that the procedure employed here may be of value in systematic investigations of this genus. The profiles indicate that the different species examined all have the same major seed storage proteins.
FRANCIS HAMILTON'S COMMENTARIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MELIACEAE
Authors: Mabberley D. J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe tangle of nomenclature surrounding Roxburgh's Flora indica is displayed and the date of publication of the first two volumes of the second edition is shown to be in January 1832. Many Roxburgh names were first validly published by others including Buchanan‐Hamilton. Hamilton's overlooked and misinterpreted binomials in Meliaceae and other families in his Commentaries on Rumpf and Rheede and in other papers are reconsidered. This necessitates name changes in Chisocheton (where a new subspecific combination is proposed) and Dysoxylum, both Meliaceae, and in Artocarpus, Garcinia (where a new combination is proposed) and Hygrophila. Later publication of Hamilton MS names by Dillwyn necessitates a new name in Canthium, while three of the ‘new’ names are antedated by overlooked ones in Dennstedt's interpretation of Rheede, necessitating new combinations in Parsonsia, Scleropyrum and Wrightia. Many names are shown to have been published earlier than is widely supposed, and completely overlooked, validly published binomials in Anacardium, Antidesma, Asclepias, Canthium, Elaeocarpus, Helicteres, Leucas, Pharnaceum, Polypodium and Pterocarpus are listed while Jones's mononomials are considered invalid. Three Hamilton names, two of them legitimately published in Caltha (= ? Delphinium spp.) are still of uncertain application. An interpretation of Dennstedt's other validly published names based on Rheede plates is appended, necessitating new combinations in Andrographis, Dalbergia, Ixora and Tetrastigma. Some six legitimate Dennstedt names, in Asclepias (= ? Tylophora sp.), Aspidium (= ? Dryopteris [s.l.] sp.), Forsythia (= Chionanthus sp.), Limonia (= ? Randia sp.), Pothos (= ? Embelia sp.) and Uvaria (= Polyalthia sp.) are still of uncertain application.
THE IDENTITY OF LONCHITIS AURITA AND THE GENERIC NAMES ANISOSORUS AND LONCHITIS
Authors: Lellinger David B. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryLonchitis aurita L. has proved to be a synonym of Pteris arborea L. Lonchitis hirsuta L. is the type of Lonchitis, and Anisosorus Trev. ex Maxon must be placed in synonymy under it.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF XANTHORIA LOBULATA (FLÖRKE) B. de LESD. (LICHENS)
Authors: Jorgensen P. M. , Coppins B. J. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe name Lecanora lobulata Flörke is lectotypified, and it is established that the combinations Xanthoria lobulata (by B. de Lesdain) and Caloplaca lobulata (by Hellbom) both are based on Flörke's name of 1815. Xanthoria boulyi Zahlbr., a name sometimes used for the species, is superfluous and illegitimate.
MICROMOLECULAR PATTERNS AND THE EVOLUTION AND MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS
Authors: Kubitzki K. , Gottlieb O. R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIntegration of morphological and micromolecular data sets into a single system of classification is a major challenge facing the plant systematist of our time. Here an attempt is made to this end with regard to the upper levels of angiosperm classification. In particular, natural products which derive from the shikimate pathway are considered. Their distribution and biosynthesis demonstrates the existence of micromolecular links between the magnoliid, caryophyllid and monocotyledonous families, thus paralleling morphological characters. Chemical evidence is also in favour of the earlier idea that the largest gap within angiosperms is not that between dicotyledons and monocotyledons, but one that separates magnoliid, caryophyllid and monocotyledonous families (the “magnolialean block”) from the rest of the dicotyledons (the “rosiflorean block”). However, in contrast to some previous authors, here the monocotyledons are found to encompass a homogeneous, morphologically clearly delimited assemblage. Anomalous occurrences of micromolecules, such as ellagitannins in the Nymphaeales, are discussed and the importance of chemically discordant characters for the recognition of convergences is emphasized.A biosynthetic extrapolation indicates that the early angiosperms were characterized by a full‐fledged expansion of the shikimate pathway and a broad oxidation‐reduction potential. These properties permitted the production of the neolignans, oxidative coupling products of allyl‐ and propenylphenols, and of 1,3‐diarylpropanes, highly reduced flavonoid types. From here, stepwise suppression of the shikimate pathway must have led to the utilization of intermediates of this pathway characterized by higher oxidation levels, and finally to a total blocking of the shikimate pathway for the synthesis of micromolecules. It is hypothesized that the broad oxidation‐reduction potential of the angiosperms and the full expansion of the shikimate pathway present at the beginning of their evolutionary history provided a much greater capacity of micromolecular variation than was present in other plant groups and thus contributed significantly to their evolutionary success.
ELEMENTAL LEVELS AND RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ENDEMIC SERPENTINE FLORA OF THE GREAT DYKE, ZIMBABWE AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AS CONTROLLING FACTORS FOR THE FLORA
Authors: Brooks Robert R. , Yang Xing‐hua 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFifty‐five specimens of 20 serpentine‐endemic phanerogams from the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe were analysed for nickel and 15 other elements. The data confirmed the hyperaccumulator status (> 1000 μg/g in dried material) of Pearsonia metallifera and identified a further three hyperaccumulators which have not previously been recorded: Blepharis acuminata, Merremia xanthophylla, and Rhus wildii. Dicoma niccolifera did not appear to have the hyperaccumulator status previously assigned to it. Chromium levels in no case exceeded 98 μg/g (dry weight) in contrast to previously published work on the same species which gave values at least 20 times higher. It is suggested that these earlier samples might have been contaminated from the Noro chrome mine from which they had been collected. Correlation analysis of the data indicated that except for nickel, other metals of the ferride group (chromium, cobalt, iron and manganese) were accumulated in vegetation in the same ratio as their occurrence in the soil and that there was no enrichment or rejection of any of these elements by the plants which accumulated them in a passive manner. Perhaps the most significant result of the study was the highly significant inverse relationship between magnesium in plants and the concentrations of the nutrients aluminium, boron, cobalt, iron, manganese, phosphorus and sodium. This finding points to the great importance of antagonism to nutrient uptake, caused by high magnesium levels in the soil and is probably the major cause of infertility of serpentine soils and of the development of specialised serpentine floras which have adapted to the unfavourable edaphic conditions.
SYZYGIUM NERVOSUM DC., CORRECT NAME FOR S. OPERCULATUM NIEDENZU (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: Panigrahi G. , Mishra S. C. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySyzygium nervosum DC. is established as the correct name for S. operculatum (Roxb.) Niedenzu and Cleistocalyx operculata (Roxb.) Merr. and Perry.
TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE HEDYOTIS CORYMBOSA‐DIFFUSA COMPLEX (RUBIACEAE) IN INDIA
Authors: Sivarajan V. V. , Biju S. D. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe taxonomy of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. and H. diffusa Willd. is highly problematic. We have now made detailed studies of these taxa and other closely related ones in India that are often confused. Hedyotis corymbosa has been found to be represented here only by var. corymbosa. Hedyotis erecta Manil. & Si var., which was reduced to H. corymbosa var. linearis (DC.) Deb & Duatta, is reinstated. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. is recognised and H. pseudocorymbosa Bakh. f. reduced to its synonymy. The correct name for the taxon usually referred to as Oldenlandia diffusa (sensu Roxb.) is Hedyotis brachypoda (DC.) Sivar. & Biju, based on Oldenlandia brachypoda DC.
University of Porto Herbarium (PO)
Authors: Folhadela E. , Aguiar‐Branco H. , da Silva R. Almeida , Carvalho A. C. , Salema R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryFolhadela, E., Aguiar‐Branco, H., Almeida da Silva, R., Carvalho, A. C. & Salema, R.: University of Porto Herbarium (PO). – Taxon 42: 723–725. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.This article updates the information in Index herbariorum (Holmgren & al., 1990). The history of and collections in the University of Porto Herbarium (PO) are presented. Mention is also made of some of the activities organized by the Herbarium.
Hegewald's Bryophyta collection transferred to Missouri Botanical Garden
Authors: Crosby Marshall R. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryCrosby, M. R.: Hegewald's Bryophyta collection transferred to Missouri Botanical Garden. – Taxon 43: 487. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Bryophyta collection of Eberhard and Pirkko Hegewald (over 12,000 specimens), which is especially strong on specimens from Germany and Peru, has been transferred to the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Old herbaria of Polish botanists in Vilna and Kiev
Authors: Köhler Piotr 
Published: June 2019

SummaryKöhler, P.: Old herbaria of Polish botanists in Vilna and Kiev. – Taxon 43: 487‐488. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Information on the whereabouts of the collections of five Polish botanists working in the late 1700s and early 1800s in Vilna and Krzemieniec is presented.
The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium
Authors: Bamberg John B. , Spooner David M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBamberg, J. B. & Spooner, D. M.: The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium. – Taxon 43:489‐496. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, serves the National Research Support Program‐6 (NRSP‐6; formerly known as the Inter‐Regional Potato Introduction Project IR‐1). NRSP‐6 is part of the United States germplasm system and is the sole genebank for wild and cultivated potatoes in the United States. The genebank and herbarium are devoted entirely to wild and cultivated potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota). NRSP‐6 is charged with the introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm worldwide. Recent expeditions and grants for upgrading the herbarium and associated facilities have provided a valuable new international resource for researchers in S. sect. Petota.
Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Holmgren Patricia K. , Holmgren Noel H. , Rodríguez Rosa Rankin , Greuter Werner 
Published: June 2019

SummaryRankin Rodriguez, R. & Greuter, W.: Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae). – Taxon 50: 1231–1247.2001. ‐ ISSN 0040–0262.Based on published sources (including contemporary correspondence) and the Humboldt expedition's field notebooks, some information on Humboldt and Bonpland's plant collections in their relation to Willdenow and his Species plantarum is provided. The genus Polygala served as a test sample. The Willdenow Herbarium (B‐W) holds 23 Polygala specimens from the Humboldt expedition (several others were erroneously attributed to Humboldt), representing 17 of the 18 species described by Kunth in the Nova genera. The following main conclusions are drawn: (1) three types of handwriting can be recognised on the expedition's field labels in B‐W, which are identified as Bonpland's, Humboldt's, and a third one that is tentatively ascribed to an unknown field assistant; (2) a full set of the plant collections from Venezuela was sent to Willdenow from Havana early in 1801 and had been received in Berlin by September 1802; (3) in vol. 3(2) of Willdenow's Species plantarum, published in early November 1802, a single species (Hypericum caracasanum) was described based on the new Humboldt material; (4) the numbers found on many of Humboldt's labels refer to the numbered entries in the field notebooks, but are not collection numbers in the modern sense, because many collections, on which no notes were taken, remained unnumbered; (5) numbering was fairly consistent, all duplicates of collections on which field notes exist being normally numbered, except when the label was accidentally lost; (6) the set of duplicates given by Humboldt to Willdenow was virtually complete, but the equally complete set in Bonpland's herbarium (P‐Bonpl.), having been studied by Kunth in the first place, should be used to typify the names of new taxa first published in the Nova genera. Based on an improved understanding of the background of these collections, a recently proposed type designation for Polygala tenella Willd. is rejected. This long forgotten name is here neotypified in such a way as to retain its traditional place in the synonymy of P. paniculata L.
Factors Associated With Osteoporosis Care of Men Hospitalized for Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Solimeo Samantha L , McCoy Kimberly , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Adler Robert A , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRates of postfracture DXA and pharmacotherapy appear to be declining despite their known benefits in fracture reduction. We sought to identify factors associated with osteoporosis care among male veterans aged 50 years and older after hip fracture and to evaluate trends in rates of care with an observational cohort design using US Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) inpatient, pharmacy, and outpatient encounters and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services outpatient pharmacy claims (2007 to 2014) from men aged 50 years and older treated for hip fracture (N = 7317). We used the Cox proportional hazards model with random effects for the admitting facility. A sensitivity analysis was performed for a subset of patients aged 65 to 99 dually enrolled in Medicare (
N = 5821). Overall, approximately 13% of patients had evidence of osteoporosis care within one year of fracture. In the adjusted model, rural residence was associated with lower likelihood of care, and several comorbidities were associated with higher likelihood of receiving care. In sensitivity analyses of patients dually enrolled in Medicare, rural residence remained associated with lower likelihood of osteoporosis care. Overall rates of care decreased over time, but rates of DXA in the VA remained stable. These findings highlight the ongoing problem of low rates of postfracture care among a population with the highest risk of future fracture and its associated morbidity and mortality. The rural disparity in care and differences in rates of care across healthcare delivery systems illustrates the importance of healthcare delivery systems in promoting pharmacotherapy and DXA after sentinel events. Because the VA removes a majority of cost barriers to care, this integrated healthcare system may outperform the private sector in access to care. However, declining rates of pharmacotherapy imply knowledge gaps that undermine quality care. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
AA genotype of cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism increases breast cancer risk: Findings of a case‐control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akhter Naseem , Alzahrani Faisal Abdulrahman , Dar Sajad Ahmad , Wahid Mohd , Sattar Real Sumayya Abdul , Hussain Showket , Haque Shafiul , Ansari Shakeel Ahmed , Jawed Arshad , Mandal Raju K. , Almalki Shaia , Alharbi Raed A. , Husain Syed Akhtar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCyclin D1 (CCND1) polymorphisms, a regulator of the cell cycle progress from G1 to the S phase, may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and lack of apoptosis. G870A, a common single‐nucleotide polymorphism in CCND1 influences breast cancer risk. However, the association between G870A polymorphism and breast cancer risk is ambiguous so far.Materials and MethodsIn this case‐control study, we analyzed the role of G870A polymorphism with breast cancer risk in Indian women. A meta‐analysis of 18 studies was also performed to elucidate this association by increasing statistical power.ResultsIn our case‐control study, significant risk association of the CCND1 G870A AA genotype with breast cancer in total cohort (odds ratio [OR], 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64‐5.42; P value, 4.96e‐04) and premenopausal women (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.54‐7.08; P value, .003) was found. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that AA genotype of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism significantly increases breast cancer risk in total pooled data (AA vs GG+GA: OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.39; P value, 0.016*) and Caucasian (AA vs GG+GA: OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.51; P value, .056*) but not in Asian population. Further, a significant protective association with breast cancer was also found in the GA vs AA comparison model in pooled data (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.92; P value, .007*) as well as in Caucasian subgroup (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.94; P value, .022*).ConclusionCCND1 G870A AA genotype was found associated with breast cancer risk. Future association studies considering the environmental impact on gene expression are required to validate/explore this association.
A truncated PACT protein resulting from a frameshift mutation reported in movement disorder DYT16 triggers caspase activation and apoptosis
Authors: Burnett Samuel B , Vaughn Lauren S , Strom Joelle M , Francois Ashley , Patel Rekha C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProtein Activator (PACT) activates the interferon (IFN)‐induced double‐stranded (ds) RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR) in response to stress signals. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes PACT‐mediated PKR activation, which leads to phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. A dominantly inherited form of early‐onset dystonia 16 (DYT16) has been identified to arise due to a frameshift (FS) mutation in PACT. To examine the effect of the resulting truncated mutant PACT protein on the PKR pathway, we examined the biochemical properties of the mutant protein and its effect on mammalian cells. Our results indicate that the FS mutant protein loses its ability to bind dsRNA as well as its ability to interact with PKR while surprisingly retaining the ability to interact with PACT and PKR‐inhibitory protein TRBP. The truncated FS mutant protein, when expressed as a fusion protein with a N‐terminal fluorescent mCherry tag aggregates in mammalian cells to induce apoptosis via activation of caspases both in a PKR‐ and PACT‐dependent as well as independent manner. Our results indicate that interaction of FS mutant protein with PKR inhibitor TRBP can dissociate PACT from the TRBP‐PACT complex resulting in PKR activation and consequent apoptosis. These findings are relevant to diseases resulting from protein aggregation especially since the PKR activation is a characteristic of several neurodegenerative conditions.
Correlation of microRNA expression profile with clinical response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in treating rheumatoid arthritis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yaqiong , Han Yonghong , Qu Huanru , Fang Jingpin , Ye Mei , Yin Wanling 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the correlation of circulating microRNA (miRNA) expression profile with clinical response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsBaseline PBMC samples from eight responders and eight non‐responders after 24‐week TNF inhibitor (etanercept) treatment were subjected to miRNA microarray. Then, top 10 dysregulated miRNAs were selected and further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in baseline PBMC samples from 92 RA patients treated with 24‐week TNF inhibitor (etanercept). Responders and non‐responders were divided referring to the decline in disease activity score in 28 joints.ResultsIn microarray assay, total 59 upregulated and 78 downregulated miRNAs were identified in responders compared to non‐responders, which were mainly enriched in regulating immune‐ and inflammation‐related biological processes and pathways. The top 10 dysregulated miRNAs were as follows: miR‐192‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐320c, miR‐335‐5p, miR‐149‐3p, miR‐766‐3p, let‐7a‐5p, miR‐24‐3p, and miR‐1226‐5p. In qPCR validation, miR‐146a‐5p was increased, while let‐7a‐5p was decreased in responders compared with non‐responders. Multivariate logistic analysis illuminated that miR‐146a‐5p and CRP independently correlated with higher clinical response, while let‐7a‐5p and biologics history independently associated with lower clinical response. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic curve showed that combination of these four independent factors presented with a great predictive value for clinical response with area under curve: 0.863, 95% CI 0.781‐0.945.ConclusionmiRNA expression profile is closely implicated in the treatment efficacy of TNF inhibitor, and combined measurement of miR‐146a‐5p, let‐7a‐5p, CRP, and biologics history disclosed a great predictive value for clinical response to TNF inhibitor in RA patients.