bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between body mass index and functional fitness of 9‐ to 10‐year‐old Chilean children
Authors: Maury‐Sintjago Eduard , Rodríguez‐Fernández Alejandra , Parra‐Flores Julio , Garcia Danny E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and functional fitness (FF) in 9‐ to 10‐year‐old Chilean children.MethodsThis was an analytical and cross‐sectional study with a probabilistic sample consisting of 139 children of both sexes. Anthropometric measurements, hemodynamic variables, physical activity (PAQ‐C), and FF (measured by a 6‐minute walk test: 6MWT) were recorded. If the distance walked was <10th percentile, FF was considered low. Means of variables between each group were compared by Student's t test, and Pearson's test was used to determine correlations between variables. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with FF with a level of significance P < .05. All these analyses were performed with the STATA 15.0 program.ResultsIt was clear boys walked a greater distance than girls (P = .006); overweight subjects had lower physical performance than normal‐weight subjects (P = .035). There was a significant correlation between weight (r = −0.511), height (r = 0.502), BMI (r = −0.352), waist circumference (r = −0.310), neck circumference (r = −0.204), and percentage fat mass (r = −0.310) for distance walked. Overweight (OR 2.06; 95% CI 1.6‐4.8), high percentage fat mass (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.2‐3.2), and abdominal obesity (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.1‐1.7) were associated with significantly higher odds of low FF.ConclusionLower performance was exhibited in Chilean children for the 6MWT. Overweight, fat mass, and abdominal obesity were associated with lower FF. This study contributes empirical information to construct normality curves for the Chilean child population.
A comparative study of litter size and sex composition in a large dataset of callitrichine monkeys
Authors: McCoy Dakota E. , Frye Brett M. , Kotler Jennifer , Burkart Judith M. , Burns Monika , Embury Amanda , Eyre Simon , Galbusera Peter , Hooper Jacqui , Idoe Arun , Goya Agustín López , Mickelberg Jennifer , Quesada Marcos Peromingo , Stevenson Miranda , Sullivan Sara , Warneke Mark , Wojciechowski Sheila , Wormell Dominic , Haig David , Tardif Suzette D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn many birds and mammals, the size and sex composition of litters can have important downstream effects for individual offspring. Primates are model organisms for questions of cooperation and conflict, but the factors shaping interactions among same‐age siblings have been less‐studied in primates because most species bear single young. However, callitrichines (marmosets, tamarins, and lion tamarins) frequently bear litters of two or more, thereby providing the opportunity to ask whether variation in the size and sex composition of litters affects development, survival, and reproduction. To investigate these questions, we compiled a large dataset of nine species of callitrichines (n = 27,080 individuals;Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Cebuella pygmaea, Saguinus imperator, Saguinus oedipus, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, Leontopithecus rosalia, andCallimico goeldii) from zoo and laboratory populations spanning 80 years (1938–2018). Through this comparative approach, we found several lines of evidence that litter size and sex composition may impact fitness. Singletons have higher survivorship than litter‐born peers and they significantly outperform litter‐born individuals on two measures of reproductive performance. Further, for some species, individuals born in a mixed‐sex litter outperform isosexually‐born individuals (i.e., those born in all‐male or all‐female litters), suggesting that same‐sex competition may limit reproductive performance. We also document several interesting demographic trends. All but one species (C. pygmaea) has a male‐biased birth sex ratio with higher survivorship from birth to sexual maturity among females (although this was significant in only two species). Isosexual litters occurred at the expected frequency (with one exception:C. pygmaea), unlike other animals, where isosexual litters are typically overrepresented. Taken together, our results indicate a modest negative effect of same‐age sibling competition on reproductive output in captive callitrichines. This study also serves to illustrate the value of zoo and laboratory records for biological inquiry.
Reaktionswege in der photokatalytischen Umsetzung tertiärer Alkohole auf Rutil‐TiO2(110)
Authors: Courtois Carla , Eder Moritz , Schnabl Kordula , Walenta Constantin A. , Tschurl Martin , Heiz Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLaut Lehrbüchern sind tertiäre Alkohole inert gegenüber Oxidationen. Die Photokatalyse tertiärer Alkohole auf einem Titandioxideinkristall unter definierten Vakuumbedingungen offenbart unerwartete und neue Reaktionen, die Disproportionierung in ein Alkan und das entsprechende Keton. Im Gegensatz zu primären und sekundären Alkoholen führt die Abwesenheit eines α‐H zu einem C−C‐Bindungsbruch statt der üblichen Wasserstoffabspaltung. Die Bindung zu einer Methylgruppe wird nicht gespalten, wenn sich im Alkohol eine höhere Alkankette in α‐Stellung zur Hydroxylgruppe befindet. Eine Platinbeladung erhöht nicht nur die Reaktionsrate, sondern ermöglicht einen neuen Reaktionsweg: die Bildung molekularen Wasserstoffs und eines langkettigen Alkans, das sich durch Rekombination zweier Alkylspezies bildet. Diese Arbeit zeigt, dass neue synthetische Routen durch Einführungen photokatalytischer Reaktionsschritte möglich gemacht werden, in denen der Cokatalysator eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.
Aryl Sulfonium Salts for Site‐Selective Late‐Stage Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Ye Fei , Berger Florian , Jia Hao , Ford Joseph , Wortman Alan , Börgel Jonas , Genicot Christophe , Ritter Tobias 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncorporation of the CF3group into arenes has found increasing importance in drug discovery. Herein, we report the first photoredox‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl thianthrenium salts with a copper‐based trifluoromethyl reagent, which enables a site‐selective late‐stage trifluoromethylation of arenes. The reaction proceeds with broad functional group tolerance, even for complex small molecules on gram scale. The method was further extended to produce pentafluoroethylated derivatives.
Poly(azomethine‐imide)s containing siloxane moities: Optical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties
Authors: Kaya İsmet , Kamacı Musa 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA new series of poly(azomethine‐imide)s having siloxane moities in backbone was prepared using different dianhydrides.Thermal, optical, and morphological properties of these polymers were clarified. Also, bulky CO and CF3group effects and meta or para‐substituted aldeyhde effects on the mentioned properties were evaluated. The structural characterization of poly(azomethine‐imide)s was carried out using a FT‐IR spectroscopy. The optical properties of the polymers were performed via an UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Optical band gap of the poly(imide)s containing azomethine was calculated between 2.20 and 2.33 eV. Thermal behavior of poly(azomethine‐imide)s was also studied using TG‐DTA, DSC, and DMA techniques. The onset degradation temperature and percentage char values of the polyimides were found in the range from 429 to 545 °C and 22 to 35%, respectively. Thermal stability results demonstrated that benzophenone bearing poly(azomethine‐imide)s have higher onset temperature, percentage char, and the glass transition temperature than poly(azomethine‐imide)s derived from hexafluoroisopropylidene. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48364.
Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and DNA gyrase inhibition profile of some new quinoline hybrids
Authors: Rizk Ola H. , Bekhit Mohamed G. , Hazzaa Aly A. B. , El‐Khawass El‐Sayeda M. , Abdelwahab Ibrahim A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAntibiotic‐resistant bacteria continue to play an important role in human health and disease. Inventive strategies are necessary to develop new therapeutic leads to challenge drug‐resistance problems. From this perception, new quinoline hybrids bearing bioactive pharmacophores were synthesized. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against nine bacterial pathogenic strains. The results revealed that most compounds exhibited good antibacterial activities. Seven compounds (2b, 3b, 4, 6, 8b, and 9c,d) displayed enhanced activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus compared to ampicillin. These compounds were subjected to an in vitro S. aureus DNA gyrase ATPase inhibition study, which revealed that compounds 8b, 9c, and 9d showed the highest inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 1.89, 2.73, and 2.14 μM, respectively, comparable to novobiocin (IC50, 1.636 μM). Compounds 2a–c, 3a, 7c, 9c,d, and 10a,b revealed half the potency of levofloxacin in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As an attempt to rationalize the observed antibacterial activity for the most active compounds 8b, 9c, and 9d, molecular docking in the ATP binding site of S. aureus gyrase B was performed using Glide. Such compounds could be considered as promising scaffolds for the development of new potent antibacterial agents.
Tuning of the enzyme ratio in a neutral redox convergent cascade: A key approach for an efficient one‐pot/two‐step biocatalytic whole‐cell system
Authors: Ménil Sidiky , Petit Jean‐Louis , Courvoisier‐Dezord Elise , Debard Adrien , Pellouin Virginie , Reignier Thomas , Sergent Michelle , Deyris Valérie , Duquesne Katia , de Berardinis Véronique , Alphand Véronique 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe efficiency of a versatile in vivo cascade involving a promiscuous alcohol dehydrogenase, obtained from a biodiversity search, and a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase was enhanced by the independent control of the production level of each enzyme to produce ε‐caprolactone and 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin. This goal was achieved by adjusting the copy number per cell of Escherichia coli plasmids. We started from the observation that this number generally correlates with the amount of produced enzyme and demonstrated that an in vivo multi‐enzymatic system can be improved by the judicious choice of plasmid, the lower activity of the enzyme that drives the limiting step being counter‐balanced by a higher concentration. Using a preconception‐free approach to the choice of the plasmid type, we observed positive and negative synergetic effects, sometimes unexpected and depending on the enzyme and plasmid combinations. Experimental optimization of the culture conditions allowed us to obtain the complete conversion of cyclohexanol (16 mM) and 1‐indanol (7.5 mM) at a 0.5‐L scale. The yield for the conversion of cyclohexanol was 80% (0.7 g ε‐caprolactone, for the productivity of 244 mg·L
−1·h
−1) and that for 1‐indanol 60% (0.3 g 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin, for the productivity of 140 mg·L
−1·h
−1).
Examining the behavior of crop‐derived antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic sludge batch reactors under thermophilic conditions
Authors: Gardner Courtney M. , Volkoff Savannah J. , Gunsch Claudia K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe consumption of transgenic crops and their by‐products has become increasingly common in the United States. Yet, uncertainty remains regarding the fate and behavior of DNA within food matrices once it exits the digestive track and enters into wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Because many transgenic crops have historically contained antibiotic resistance genes as selection markers, understanding the behavior and uptake of these transgenes by environmental microbes is of critical importance. To investigate the behavior of free transgenic crop DNA, thermophilic anaerobic batch reactors were amended with varying concentrations of transgenic crop genes (i.e., LUG, nptII, and bla) and the persistence of those genes was monitored over 60 days using quantitative PCR. Significant levels of nptII and bla were detected in extracellular DNA (eDNA). Furthermore, LUG maize marker genes were also detected in the control reactors, suggesting that other crop‐derived transgenes contained within digested transgenic foods may also enter WWTPs. Possible bacterial transformation events were detected within the highest dose treatments at Days 30 and 60 of incubation. These findings suggest that within the average conventional digester residence times in the United States (30 days), there is a potential for bacterial transformation events to occur with crop‐derived transgenes found in eDNA.
Evaluation of the pattern and kinetics of degradation of adalimumab using a stability‐indicating orthogonal testing protocol
Authors: Hassan Lamiaa A. , Al‐Ghobashy Medhat A. , Abbas Samah S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractForced degradation studies are crucial for the evaluation of the stability and biosimilarity. Here, adalimumab was subjected to oxidation, pH, temperature, agitation and repeated freeze–thaw in order to generate all possible degradation products. An orthogonal stability‐indicating testing protocol comprising SE‐HPLC, RP‐HPLC, TapeStation gel electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and functional receptor binding assay was developed and validated. The assay protocol was used for the assessment of the pattern and kinetics of aggregation/degradation of adalimumab. SE‐HPLC and DLS were used to show the formation of aggregates/fragments of adalimumab under nondenaturing conditions. TapeStation electrophoresis was performed under denaturing conditions to reveal the nature of aggregates. Results of the receptor binding assay agreed to those of SE‐HPLC and DLS which indicated that it can be used as an activity‐indicating assay for adalimumab. RP‐HPLC demonstrated excellent selectivity for adalimumab in the presence of its oxidized forms. The kinetics of degradation was studied in each case and the results showed that it followed the first‐order reaction kinetics. Correlation between the results supported the quality assessment of the tested product in industrial and clinical settings. This orthogonal protocol is a useful tool in stability assessment of monoclonal antibodies and a key criterion for the biosimilarity assessment.
Mosaic trisomy 20 and mitigation in capital crimes sentencing: A review and case report
Authors: Montplaisir Rose , Lee Erica , Moreno‐De‐Luca Daniel , Myers Wade C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrisomy 20 is a genetic abnormality in which individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 20. Complete trisomy 20 is rare and believed to be incompatible with life. A mosaic form of trisomy 20, in which only some cells or tissues contain the extra chromosome, is a relatively commonly encountered chromosomal abnormality found during prenatal testing, and c. 90% result in a normal phenotype. However, despite the absence of a consistent phenotype, certain findings have been reported across multiple cases of mosaic trisomy 20. These include an array of morphological findings, developmental delays, and learning disabilities. Beyond physical manifestations, a wide range of developmental and learning delays have also been reported. In this work, we provide an overview of the trisomy 20 literature and a case report of a young adult male with mosaic trisomy 20 who committed homicide. His developmental and life history, eventual diagnosis of mosaic trisomy 20, similarities and differences in his condition compared with prior research findings, and potentially new phenotypic findings associated with trisomy 20 that he manifested (childhood visual hallucinations, self‐injury, polydactyly) are presented. Additionally, the potential role of this genetic diagnosis in his neuropsychiatric history and its successful application as a mitigating factor at his capital sentencing trial are described. We did not identify other similar cases during our search of major scientific and legal databases. As a backdrop, the use of genetics in criminal trials is on the rise, and courts are increasingly likely to accept behavioral genetics evidence; therefore, it is crucial that the legal system is well acquainted with the opportunities and limitations of these approaches.
A Tetrahedral Boronic Acid Diester Formed by an Unnatural Amino Acid in the Ligand Pocket of an Engineered Lipocalin
Authors: Sommer Carina A. , Eichinger Andreas , Skerra Arne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBoronic acids have long been known to form cyclic diesters with cis‐diol compounds, including many carbohydrates. This phenomenon was previously exploited to create an artificial lectin by incorporating p‐borono‐l‐phenylalanine (Bpa) into the ligand pocket of an engineered lipocalin, resulting in a so‐called Borocalin. Here we describe the X‐ray analysis of its covalent complex with 4‐nitrocatechol as a high‐affinity model ligand. As expected, the crystal structure reveals the formation of a cyclic diester between the biosynthetic boronate side chain and the two ortho‐hydroxy substituents of the benzene ring. Interestingly, the boron also has a hydroxide ion associated, despite an only moderately basic pH 8.5 in the crystallization buffer. The complex is stabilized by a polar contact to the side chain of Asn134 within the ligand pocket, thus validating the functional design of the Borocalin as an artificial sugar‐binding protein. Our structural analysis demonstrates how a boronate can form a thermodynamically stable diester with a vicinal diol in a tetrahedral configuration in aqueous solution near physiological pH. Moreover, our data provide a basis for the further engineering of the Borocalin with the goal of specific recognition of biologically relevant glycans.
Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary arterial bypass grafting in patients with multi‐vessel coronary revascularization (from the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2)
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki , Shiomi Hiroki , Morimoto Takeshi , Furukawa Yutaka , Nakagawa Yoshihisa , Ando Kenji , Kadota Kazushige , Tazaki Junichi , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Natsuaki Masahiro , Minatoya Kenji , Hanyu Michiya , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Kimura Takeshi ,   the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2 investigators
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess long‐term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stent only compared with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with triple‐vessel disease.BackgroundSelection between PCI and CABG is still a clinically relevant issue in the management of patients with multi‐vessel coronary artery disease.MethodsAmong 15,939 patients enrolled in the CREDO‐Kyoto PCI/CABG registry/cohort‐2, the current study population consisted of 2,193 patients who underwent elective multi‐vessel coronary revascularization including left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) either by PCI with sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) only (N = 945) or CABG (N = 1,248).ResultsThe cumulative 5‐year incidence of and the adjusted risk for the primary outcome measure (a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction [MI], or stroke) were not significantly different between PCI and CABG groups (22.6% vs. 23.0%, p = .40, and HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.91–1.40, p = .26). The risk of PCI relative to CABG for all‐cause death and stroke was also insignificant (HR: 1.19, 95%CI: 0.92–1.53, p = .19; HR: 0.89, 95%CI: 0.62–1.27, p = .51). The adjusted 5‐year risk for MI, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), any coronary revascularization and major bleeding was significantly different between the groups (HR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.10–2.30, p = .01; HR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.05–2.11, p = .02; HR: 3.70, 95%CI: 2.91–4.70, p < .0001; HR: 0.18, 95%CI: 0.14–0.22, p < .0001).ConclusionsIn patients who underwent coronary revascularization for multiple vessels including LAD, PCI using SES as compared with CABG was associated with a comparable 5‐year risk for death/MI/stroke as well as for mortality, but with a markedly higher risk for any coronary revascularization.
Exploring the Phase‐Selective, Green, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Upconverting Doped Sodium Yttrium Fluoride: Effects of Temperature, Time, and Precursors
Authors: Jannsen Nora , Diodati Stefano , Dengo Nicola , Tajoli Francesca , Vicentini Nicola , Lucchini Giacomo , Speghini Adolfo , Badocco Denis , Pastore Paolo , Gross Silvia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this work was i) to develop a hydrothermal, low‐temperature synthesis protocol affording the upconverting hexagonal phase NaYF4with suitable dopants while adhering to the “green chemistry” standards and ii) to explore the effect that different parameters have on the products. In optimizing the synthesis protocol, short reaction times and low temperatures (below 150 °C) were considered. Yb3+and Er3+ions were chosen as dopants for the NaYF4material. Within the context of the second goal, parameters including nature of the precursors, treatment temperature, and treatment time were investigated to afford a pure hexagonal crystalline phase, both in the doped and undoped materials. To fully explore the synthesis results, the prepared materials were characterized from a structural (XRD), compositional (XPS, ICP‐MS), and morphological (SEM) point of view. The upconverting properties of the compounds were confirmed by photoluminescence measurements.
Near‐IR and UV‐LED Sensitized Photopolymerization with Onium Salts Comprising Anions of Different Nucleophilicities
Authors: Kocaarslan Azra , Kütahya Ceren , Keil Dietmar , Yagci Yusuf , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIodonium‐ and sulfonium‐type onium salts with counter anions of different nucleophilicities, namely [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]−, [(CF3SO2)2N]−, SCN−, CF3‐SO3−, PF6−, and 3,5‐bis(methoxycarbonyl)benzenesulfonate, were investigated in both NIR and UV‐LED sensitized photoinitiated polymerizations at 790 nm and 395 nm wavelength exposures, respectively. The reactivity of the neutral sensitizer Sens1, and the cationic sensitizer Sens2 were examined in combination with the onium salts. The reaction rate was compared with isopropylthioxanthone (Sens3) as sensitizer. The reactivity of the initiating system is proposed to be associated with the conductivity of the salts in acrylate monomers such as tri(propylene glycol) (TPGDA), trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), and 1,6‐hexane diol diacrylate (HDDA). Salts carrying the [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]− anion require new consideration of previously introduced models because the reactivity of the salts does not directly correlate with their conductivities. Rhodamine B lactone quantitatively probed formation of acidic cations between considering the reaction between [(t‐C4H9‐Ph)2I]+[Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]− and photoexcited Sens2 comprising either BF4−, PF6− or [Al(O‐t‐C(CF3)4)4]−. No significant differences were observed in terms of the reactivity.
Hydrostatic Pressure‐Controlled Ratiometric Luminescence Responses of a Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine‐Cored Mechanoluminophore
Authors: Takeda Youhei , Mizuno Hiroaki , Okada Yusuke , Okazaki Masato , Minakata Satoshi , Penfold Thomas , Fukuhara Gaku 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnderstanding changes in excited state properties under the influence of an external stimulus, such as pressure or temperature, is important in the context of optimizing molecular components for a number of applications including sensors and imaging reagents. Herein, we use UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and excitation spectroscopies and fluorescence lifetime measurements supported by calculations to probe the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the excited state characteristics of a conformationally‐divergent mechanochromic compound PTZ‐DBPHZ (containing two phenothiazine moieties attached to a dibenzo[a,j]phenazine core) in toluene and methylcyclohexane. We demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure can be used to manipulate the equilibria between excited state conformers. This work provides new perspectives for mechanoresponsive materials and as an attractive alternative to conventional ratiometric sensors.