bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity promotion in Manitoba: Strengths, needs, and moving forward
Authors: Kosowan Leanne , Wener Pamela , Holmqvist Maxine , Gonzalez Miriam , Halas Gayle , Rothney Janet , Katz Alan 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To present findings of a workshop with physical activity professionals in Manitoba, Canada, to facilitate the enhancement of physical activity promotion efforts by exploring (1) effective physical activity strategies, (2) methods to strengthen physical activity strategies, (3) challenges in implementing physical activity strategies in Manitoba, and (4) strategies to support collaboration. Methods: The Manitoba Research Chair in Primary Prevention hosted a workshop for 54 stakeholders in Manitoba. Qualitative and quantitative data obtained from the workshop were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and univariate descriptive analysis. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants with diverse experiences in physical activity promotion. Results: Strategies were identified and presented according to the socioecological model. Community assessment and community engagement, regional partnerships, capacity building, and mitigation of barriers characterized the discussion. In addition, discussions emphasized the need for the consistent and comprehensive application of a provincial physical activity action plan. The workshop ended with a discussion of the importance of collaboration to improve physical activity programs and initiatives. Conclusion: Several common needs were identified that reflect topics from the broader literature. Collaborations and insights from workshop participants provide direction to target increased physical activity support and programming across disciplines, sectors, and regions.
Assessing Post-Traumatic Tonic Immobility Responses: The Scale for Tonic Immobility Occurring Post-Trauma
Authors: Lloyd Chantelle S. , Lanius Ruth A. , Brown Matthew F. , Neufeld Richard J. , Frewen Paul A. , McKinnon Margaret C. 
Published: January 2019

Background Peri-traumatic tonic immobility has been associated with the development and course of post-traumatic stress disorder. Despite serving as an adaptive late-stage defense response, tonic immobility that continues in response to post-traumatic reminders may lead to reduced functioning and a diminished sense of well-being. At present, no validated self-report measures assess post-traumatic tonic immobility responses specifically. Methods The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the Scale for Tonic immobility Occurring Post-trauma (STOP), the first self-report measure developed to assess for the presence and severity of tonic immobility responses that persist following trauma exposure as part of post-traumatic symptomatology. Trauma-exposed clinical and non-clinical participants ( N = 462) with a history of tonic immobility completed a demographic questionnaire, the STOP, and measures of post-traumatic symptoms, dissociation, anxiety, and depression. Results STOP assessed four latent constructs, which were interpreted following the human defense cascade model. Together, these factors capture the sensorimotor and perceptual alterations , and dissociative experiences, associated with post-traumatic tonic immobility as a trauma-related altered state. Residual symptoms and the experience of negative affect following this response (including guilt and shame) are also represented. STOP scores demonstrated excellent reliability, as well as good construct and convergent validity, with other measures of dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder. Results from the present study suggest tonic immobility is most consistent with other dissociative post-traumatic symptomatology. Conclusions STOP demonstrates excellent preliminary psychometric properties and may be useful for researchers and clinicians wishing to assess chronic forms of tonic immobility across trauma-exposed, clinical and community samples.
MAA868, a novel FXI antibody with a unique binding mode, shows durable effects on markers of anticoagulation in humans
Authors: Koch Alexander W. , Schiering Nikolaus , Melkko Samu , Ewert Stefan , Salter Janeen , Zhang Yiming , McCormack Peter , Yu Jianying , Huang Xueming , Chiu Yu-Hsin , Chen Zhiping , Schleeger Simone , Horny Geraldine , DiPetrillo Keith , Muller Lionel , Hein Andreas , Villard Frederic , Scharenberg Meike , Ramage Paul , Hassiepen Ulrich , Côté Serge , DeGagne Julie , Krantz Carsten , Eder Jörg , Stoll Brian , Kulmatycki Kenneth , Feldman David L. , Hoffmann Peter , Basson Craig T. , Frost Robert J. A. , Khder Yasser 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A large unmet medical need exists for safer antithrombotic drugs because all currently approved anticoagulant agents interfere with hemostasis, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Genetic and pharmacologic evidence in humans and animals suggests that reducing factor XI (FXI) levels has the potential to effectively prevent and treat thrombosis with a minimal risk of bleeding. We generated a fully human antibody (MAA868) that binds the catalytic domain of both FXI (zymogen) and activated FXI. Our structural studies show that MAA868 traps FXI and activated FXI in an inactive, zymogen-like conformation, explaining its equally high binding affinity for both forms of the enzyme. This binding mode allows the enzyme to be neutralized before entering the coagulation process, revealing a particularly attractive anticoagulant profile of the antibody. MAA868 exhibited favorable anticoagulant activity in mice with a dose-dependent protection from carotid occlusion in a ferric chloride–induced thrombosis model. MAA868 also caused robust and sustained anticoagulant activity in cynomolgus monkeys as assessed by activated partial thromboplastin time without any evidence of bleeding. Based on these preclinical findings, we conducted a first-in-human study in healthy subjects and showed that single subcutaneous doses of MAA868 were safe and well tolerated. MAA868 resulted in dose- and time-dependent robust and sustained prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and FXI suppression for up to 4 weeks or longer, supporting further clinical investigation as a potential once-monthly subcutaneous anticoagulant therapy.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Knockdown of FOXO3a induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by activation of the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway through SPRY2
Authors: Li Jun , Yang Rumeng , Dong Yuting , Chen Manyao , Wang Yu , Wang Guoping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
Early invasion and metastasis are responsible for the dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a crucial biological progress in driving tumor invasion and metastasis. The transcription factor FOXO3a is inactivated in various types of solid cancers and the loss of FOXO3a is associated with EMT and tumor metastasis. In this study, we sought to explore whether SPRY2, a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, is involved in FOXO3a-mediated EMT and metastasis in PDAC.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed in 130 paired PDAC tissues and paracarcinomatous pancreatic tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell counting kit and flow cytometry, while cell migration and invasion were evaluated with wound healing and transwell assays. The changes in mRNA and protein levels were estimated by qRT-PCR and western blot. BALB/c nude mice xenograft model was established to evaluate tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo.

Results
FOXO3a expression was remarkably reduced in PDAC tissues, and correlated with metastasis-associated clinicopathologic characteristics and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC. In addition to the promotion of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis, knockdown of FOXO3a or SPRY2 induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of PDAC cells via activation of the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway. Moreover, silencing of SPRY2 reversed the suppressor effects induced by FOXO3a overexpression on EMT-associated migration and invasion of PDAC cells, while blockade of β-catenin reversed the effects of SPRY2 loss. FOXO3a knockdown decreased SPRY2 protein stability, whereas SPRY2 knockdown enhanced β-catenin protein stability. In vivo, FOXO3a knockdown promoted the tumorigenic ability and metastasis of PDAC cells.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that knockdown of FOXO3a induces EMT and promotes metastasis of PDAC by activation of the β-catenin/TCF4 pathway through SPRY2. Thus, FOXO3a may represent a candidate therapeutic target in PDAC.
TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations
Authors: Rios-Pilier Jennifer , Krimm Robin F. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
During development, gustatory (taste) neurons likely undergo numerous changes in morphology and expression prior to differentiation into maturity, but little is known this process or the factors that regulate it. Neuron differentiation is likely regulated by a combination of transcription and growth factors. Embryonically, most geniculate neuron development is regulated by the growth factor brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Postnatally, however, BDNF expression becomes restricted to subpopulations of taste receptor cells with specific functions. We hypothesized that during development, the receptor for BDNF, tropomyosin kinase B receptor (TrkB), may also become developmentally restricted to a subset of taste neurons and could be one factor that is differentially expressed across taste neuron subsets.

Methods
We used transgenic mouse models to label both geniculate neurons innervating the oral cavity (Phox2b+), which are primarily taste, from those projecting to the outer ear (auricular neurons) to label TrkB expressing neurons (TrkBGFP). We also compared neuron number, taste bud number, and taste receptor cell types in wild-type animals and conditional TrkB knockouts.

Results
Between E15.5-E17.5, TrkB receptor expression becomes restricted to half of the Phox2b + neurons. This TrkB downregulation was specific to oral cavity projecting neurons, since TrkB expression remained constant throughout development in the auricular geniculate neurons (Phox2b-). Conditional TrkB removal from oral sensory neurons (Phox2b+) reduced this population to 92% of control levels, indicating that only 8% of these neurons do not depend on TrkB for survival during development. The remaining neurons failed to innervate any remaining taste buds, 14% of which remained despite the complete loss of innervation. Finally, some types of taste receptor cells (Car4+) were more dependent on innervation than others (PLCβ2+).

Conclusions
Together, these findings indicate that TrkB expression and dependence divides gustatory neurons into three subpopulations: 1) neurons that always express TrkB and are TrkB-dependent during development (50%), 2) neurons dependent on TrkB during development but that downregulate TrkB expression between E15.5 and E17.5 (41%), and 3) neurons that never express or depend on TrkB (9%). These TrkB-independent neurons are likely non-gustatory, as they do not innervate taste buds.
Experimental Study and Analytical Modeling on Fatigue Properties of Pervious Concrete Made with Natural and Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Chen Xudong , Shi Dandan , Shen Nan , Li Shengtao , Liu Saisai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAs a solid pollutant, the recycled aggregate can be reused to replace the natural aggregate to cast pervious concrete, promoting resource recycling and reducing environmental pollution. Pervious concrete is usually applied to transportation engineering as pavements and decks, which are often subjected to fatigue loads in service. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the fatigue mechanical properties of pervious concrete. In this study, four-point cyclic bending loading test of natural aggregate pervious concrete and recycled aggregate pervious concrete were conducted under four different stress levels. By analyzing the experimental results, the mechanical performances, including hysteresis curve characteristics, damping ratio, dynamic elastic modulus and cyclic strain, of two kinds of pervious concrete under cyclic loading were revealed. Based on the improved EPF model, the relationship between fracture parameters, plastic strain and unloading strain were obtained. Besides, the relationship between the loading cycles and the ratio of plastic strain to unloading strain was received according to fatigue testing data under different stress levels. Further, the simplified fatigue model of pervious concrete was proposed and the experimental data was fitted with the model results. The fitting result reached a good agreement.
Survival analysis and mortality predictors of hospitalized severe burn victims in a Malaysian burns intensive care unit
Authors: Tan Chor Lip Henry , Tan Jih Huei , Thomas Mathew , Imran Farrah-Hani , Azmah Tuan Mat Tuan Nur’ 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Prognostic measures to determine burn mortality are essential in evaluating the severity of individual burn victims. This is an important process of triaging patients with high risk of mortality that may be nursed in the acute care setting. Malaysian burn research is lacking with only one publication identified which describes the epidemiology of burn victims. Therefore, the objective of this study was to go one step further and identify the predictors of burn mortality from a Malaysian burns intensive care unit (BICU) which may be used to triage patients at higher risk of death.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of all admissions to Hospital Sultan Ismail’s BICU from January 2010 till October 2015. Admission criteria were in accordance with the American Burn Association guidelines, and risk factors of interest were recorded. Data was analyzed using simple logistic regression to determine significant predictors of mortality. Survival analysis with time to death event was performed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve with log-rank test.

Results
Through the 6-year period, 393 patients were admitted with a male preponderance of 73.8%. The mean age and length of stay were 35.6 (±15.72) years and 15.3 (±18.91) days. There were 48 mortalities with an overall mortality rate of 12.2%. Significant risk factors identified on simple logistic regression were total body surface area (TBSA) &gt; 20% (p &lt; 0.001), inhalation injury (p &lt; 0.001) and presence of early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (p &lt; 0.001). Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed similar results with TBSA &gt; 20%, presence of SIRS, mechanical ventilation and inhalation injury which were associated with poorer survival (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The predictors of mortality identified in a Malaysian BICU were TBSA &gt; 20%, early SIRS, mechanical ventilation and inhalation injury which were associated with poorer survival outcome. The immunological response differs from individual patients and influenced by the severity of burn injury. Early SIRS on admission is an important predictor of death and may represent the severity of burn injury. Patients who required mechanical ventilation were associated with mortality and it is likely related to the severity of pulmonary insults sustained by individual patients. This data is important for outcome prognostication and mortality risk counselling in severely burned patients.
The prevalence of intraepithelial lesions in preventive examinations carried out in the “legal amazon” region
Authors: De Jezus Sonia Vivian , Masochini Rosângela Guerino , Cunha Alan Nogueira da , De Oliveira Vanessa 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a public health problem, and tracking of the disease must follow a set of organized programmed actions, with populations and periodicity defined. Objective: Identifying the prevalence of intraepithelial lesions in preventive examinations performed in the municipality of Sinop- MT between 2010 and 2013. Methods: Statistical data obtained using the DATASUS/SISCOLO system were used. Results: When considering the descriptive diagnosis for cellular alterations, 412 and 167 altered exams with low- and high-grade intraepithelial lesions (respectively) were found. The evalence of both low-grade (25.45%) and high-grade (10.32%) intraepithelial lesions were higher outside of the recommended age range (25-64 years). Conclusions: Studies on the prevention of cervical cancer are extremely relevant in order to analyze the coverage of screening in areas served by basic health units and to understand the factors associated with non-adherence of women to preventive examination. It is noteworthy that during the time period analyzed, women in the municipality of Sinop did not fulfill the municipal goal.
Avaliação da mobilidade de escorpiões Tityus serrulatus em área de infestação urbana de Americana, São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Brasil Jardel , Brites-Neto José 
Published: January 2019

Introdução: A avaliação da dispersão e das modificações de habitat das espécies de escorpiões de importância médica acrescentam importantes informações sobre sua ocorrência em áreas urbanas. Objetivo: A mobilidade da espécie Tityus serrulatus foi avaliada em focos de infestação de áreas antropizadas do município de Americana, Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Os espécimes foram capturados em um cemitério municipal, sendo individualmente marcados, em quatro grupos de 200 indivíduos, com cores diferenciadas. Posteriormente, foram soltos no centro da respectiva área em que foram capturados, sem controle individual. Foram realizadas varreduras periódicas em uma área circular, com raio de leitura estabelecido a cada 4 metros, havendo o registro de localização dos animais marcados que foram recapturados. Os dados experimentais foram coletados no período de agosto de 2014 a novembro de 2016, durante 28 meses de atividades (359 horas de observação). As recapturas dos espécimes foram realizadas em período diurno, no primeiro ano (221 horas), por meio da inspeção de 5.021 sepulturas e em período noturno no segundo ano (138 horas), com 3.053 sepulturas vistoriadas. Resultados: Foram evidenciadas, uma distância mínima de 2,13 metros no 1º dia de leitura e uma distância máxima de 29,34 metros no 68º dia de leitura, em foco de infestaçãourbana. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos neste experimento contribuem para um melhor entendimento da dispersão de T. serrulatus em áreas urbanas, visando o controle e a prevenção de riscos de acidentes junto à população, com enfoque nas estratégias de controle químico dessa espécie.
Prelacteal feeding practice and maintenance of exclusive breast feeding in Bihar, India – identifying key demographic sections for childhood nutrition interventions: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Das Aritra , Sai Mala Guntur , Singh Ram Shankar , Majumdar Amlan , Chatterjee Rahul , Chaudhuri Indrajit , Mahapatra Tanmay 
Published: January 2019

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) during the first six months of life is considered a high impact, but low-cost, measure for improving nutritional status, and reducing morbidity and mortality among children. However, providing prelacteal feed to a newborn, a widely practiced custom in rural India, is a major barrier to the practice of EBF. The present study evaluated the association between provision of prelacteal feeding and continuation of EBF among children up to 3 months age in Bihar, a resource-poor Indian state. Methods: Data from four rounds of a population-based multi-stage sampling survey, conducted in 8 districts of Bihar between 2012 and 2013, was used for the present analysis. Using simple and adjusted logistic regression modelling, we tested the association of providing prelacteal feeding with two outcome measures - 1) giving only breastmilk during the last 24 hours, and 2) exclusively breastfed (EBF) since birth (excluding the first 3 days of life). Results: Among 10,262 children for whom prelacteal feeding data was available, 26% received prelacteal feeding. About 55% mothers reported that their children were exclusively breastfed, whereas 82% mothers provided only breastmilk to their children during the previous 24 hours. Children who received prelacteal feeding had approximately 60% lesser odds of being breastfed exclusively during the previous 24 hours [AOR = 0.39(0.33-0.47)] and 80% lesser odds of receiving continued EBF since birth [AOR = 0.20(0.17-0.24)]. Conclusions: Frontline workers (FLW) provide nutritional counselling to mothers and children of rural India. In order to improve uptake of EBF, the families practicing prelacteal feeding should be identified early and subjected to intensive counselling by FLWs.
Overcommitment in Cloud Services: Bin Packing with Chance Constraints
Authors: Cohen Maxime C. , Keller Philipp W. , Mirrokni Vahab , Zadimoghaddam Morteza 
Published: January 2019

This paper considers a traditional problem of resource allocation: scheduling jobs on machines. One such recent application is cloud computing; jobs arrive in an online fashion with capacity requirements and need to be immediately scheduled on physical machines in data centers. It is often observed that the requested capacities are not fully utilized, hence offering an opportunity to employ an overcommitment policy, that is, selling resources beyond capacity. Setting the right overcommitment level can yield a significant cost reduction for the cloud provider while only inducing a very low risk of violating capacity constraints. We introduce and study a model that quantifies the value of overcommitment by modeling the problem as bin packing with chance constraints. We then propose an alternative formulation that transforms each chance constraint to a submodular function. We show that our model captures the risk pooling effect and can guide scheduling and overcommitment decisions. We also develop a family of online algorithms that are intuitive, easy to implement, and provide a constant factor guarantee from optimal. Finally, we calibrate our model using realistic workload data and test our approach in a practical setting. Our analysis and experiments illustrate the benefit of overcommitment in cloud services and suggest a cost reduction of 1.5% to 17%, depending on the provider’s risk tolerance. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2018.3091 . This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Vulnerability Analysis of the Financial Network
Authors: Khabazian Aein , Peng Jiming 
Published: January 2019

Since the financial crisis in 2007–2008, the vulnerability of a financial system has become a major concern in financial engineering. In this paper, we analyze the vulnerability of a financial network based on the linear optimization model introduced by Eisenberg and Noe [Eisenberg L, Noe TH (2001) Systemic risk in financial systems. Management Sci. 47(2):236–249.], in which the right-hand side of the constraints is subject to market shock and only limited information regarding the liability matrix is exposed. We develop a new extended sensitivity analysis to characterize the conditions under which a bank is solvent, in default, or bankrupted and estimate the probability of insolvency and the probability of bankruptcy under mild conditions on the market shock and the network structure. Particularly, we show that although an increment in the total asset may not be able to improve the stability of the financial system, a larger asset inequality in the system will reduce its stability. Moreover, under a certain assumption on the market shock and the network structure, we show that the least stable network can be attained at some network with a monopoly node, which also has the highest probability of insolvency. The probability of bankruptcy in the network when all the nodes receive shocks is estimated. We also estimate the impact of bankruptcy of the monopoly node in a well-balanced network and explore the domino effect of bankruptcy when the network has a tridiagonal structure. Numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical conclusions. This paper was accepted by Melvyn Sim, optimization.