bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a skin care programme for the prevention of contact dermatitis in healthcare workers (the Healthy Hands Project): A single‐centre, cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soltanipoor Maryam , Kezic Sanja , Sluiter Judith K. , de Wit Fleur , Bosma Angela L. , van Asperen Ruth , Rustemeyer Thomas 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of developing hand dermatitis (HD). Guidelines recommend moisturizers to prevent HD, but in practice their effectiveness has been poorly investigated.ObjectivesTo assess whether an intervention aimed at improving skin care leads to a reduction in HD severity.MethodsIn this 1‐year randomized controlled trial, 9 wards (285 HCWs) were allocated to an intervention group (IG), and 10 wards (216 HCWs) were allocated to the control group (CG). The intervention included provision of cream dispensers with electronic monitoring of use, regularly communicated to the HCWs. The primary and secondary outcomes were change from baseline in Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI) score (ΔHECSI) and change in natural moisturizing factor (NMF) level (ΔNMF).ResultsAt 12 months, the rates of loss to follow‐up were 41% and 39% in the IG and the CG, respectively. The HECSI score was reduced in the IG by −6.2 points (95%CI: −7.7 to −4.7) and in the CG by −4.2 points (95%CI: −6.0 to −2.4). There was no significant difference in ΔHECSI or ΔNMF between the groups. Relative improvement in the HECSI score was significantly higher in the IG than in the CG (56% vs 44%). In a subgroup of HCWs with mild HD, the IG showed a larger HECSI score decrease than the CG (P < 0.001).ConclusionAlthough there was no significant effect on the primary outcomes, the intervention showed overall positive effects on the HECSI score.
Non‐medical use of pharmaceutical opioids with and without other illicit substances in Australia: Prevalence and correlates
Authors: Chan Gary Chung Kai , Leung Janni , Hall Wayne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTo estimate the prevalence of non‐medical use of pharmaceutical opioids and examine the socio‐demographic, psychological, health and behavioural correlates and type of opioids used.Design and MethodsData from the Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2016 was used. The sample consisted of. 23 448 participants aged over 14 years (54% female). The key measure was opioid use status in the past year. Based on participants’ responses to questions about their substance use in the past 12 months, they were grouped into four opioid use status: (i) No illicit substance use (ISU) and no non‐medical use of pharmaceutical opioids (NMUPO); (ii) ISU but no NMUPO; (iii) NMUPO but no ISU; and (iv) NMUPO and ISU.ResultsThe prevalence non‐medical pharmaceutical opioid use was 3.56%. Two‐thirds of them engaged in NMUPO but no ISU; one‐third engaged in NMUPO and ISU. Younger people were more likely to use pharmaceutical opioids in addition to other illicit drugs, while older people were more likely to only use pharmaceutical opioids. Alcohol risk and daily smoking were associated with using pharmaceutical opioids and other illicit drugs, but not with pharmaceutical opioids only. Those who reported only using pharmaceutical opioids were more likely to use over‐the‐counter codeine products.Discussion and ConclusionsOver 700 000 Australian used pharmaceutical opioids for non‐medical purpose. Among users, two‐thirds used only opioids and one‐third used opioids in addition to other illicit drugs. Profile of these two types of users were substantially different. Future prevention efforts targeting different type of opioids users may need to be optimised based on their profiles.
Engaging people who inject drugs in hepatitis C virus testing and prevention through community‐based outreach, in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Coupland Heidi , White Bethany , Bates Anna , Park Ju Nyeong , Iversen Jenny , Maher Lisa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIncreasing treatment uptake among people who inject drugs (PWID) with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is integral to eliminating viral hepatitis. This study explored the role of community‐based outreach in engaging and retaining Australian PWID in the testing component of the HCV care cascade.Design and MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 28 PWID, including new initiates to injecting and those from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds, who acquired HCV infection while enrolled in a community‐based prospective observational study of hepatitis C vaccine preparedness in Sydney. Participants were interviewed at diagnosis and 12 months later. Transcripts were thematically analysed using constant comparative techniques.ResultsCommunity‐based outreach was effective in engaging newly infected participants in HCV monitoring and decision‐making about seeking interferon‐based treatment. Key factors in the acceptability of outreach were privacy and discretion, and opportunities to build trust with non‐judgmental staff. Retaining participants in the HCV cascade of care required more than a one‐off session of post‐test counselling. Ongoing discussions with staff enabled paced and tailored delivery of information about HCV prevention, testing and treatment. Increased understanding of the role of HCV ribonucleic acid viremia in determining the need for treatment, and access to this testing, was pivotal in making HCV monitoring salient for participants.Discussion and ConclusionsOutreach is an effective strategy for engaging new initiates to injecting and CALD PWID in HCV testing and decision‐making about treatment. Findings highlight the need to increase availability and access to HCV ribonucleic acid testing for PWID.
Importance of inpatient hypoglycaemia: impact, prediction and prevention
Authors: Ruan Y. , Tan G. D. , Lumb A. , Rea R. D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHypoglycaemia is a key barrier to achieving euglycaemic control in people who are hospitalized. Inpatient hypoglycaemia has been linked to adverse clinical outcomes, including mortality and longer stay in hospital. A number of studies have applied mathematical tools and statistical models to predict inpatient hypoglycaemia and identify factors that may result in hypoglycaemic events. Several different approaches have been tested to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia. These can be categorized as human intervention, computerized methods or application of medical devices. In this review we provide an overview of the epidemiology of inpatient hypoglycaemia and its impact on patients and hospitals. We also discuss the existing methodology used to predict inpatient hypoglycaemia and the limited number of trials performed to prevent inpatient hypoglycaemia. The review highlights the urgent need for evidence‐based methods to reduce inpatient hypoglycaemia.
Modelling the physical states, element stoichiometries and residence times of topsoil organic matter
Authors: Tipping E. , Rowe E. C. 
Published: January 2019

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a major ecosystem component, central to soil fertility, carbon balance and other soil functions. To advance SOM modelling, we devised a steady‐state model of topsoil SOM, with explicit descriptions of physical states and properties, and used it to simulate SOM concentration, carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) stoichiometry, bulk density and radiocarbon content. The model classifies SOM by element stoichiometry (αSOM is poor in N and P, βSOM is rich), mean residence times (1–2000 years) and physical state (free, occluded, adsorbed, hypoxic). The most stable SOM is either βSOM preferentially adsorbed by mineral matter, or αSOM in strongly hypoxic zones. Soil properties were simulated for random combinations of plant litter input (amount and C:N:P stoichiometry), mineral sorption capacity, propensity for hypoxia, and bulk density of non‐adsorbed αSOM. To optimize model parameters, outputs from 5000 simulations were used to construct bivariate relations among soil variables, which were compared with those found in data for 835 survey sites, covering all common land uses. The bivariate relations, and patterns of data scatter, were reproduced, and also variations in soil radiocarbon with soil type, suggesting that apparent scatter in measured data might reflect SOM diversity. The temporal acquisition by soil of ‘bomb 14C’ could also be simulated. The steady‐state model is the basis for a dynamic version, suitable for simulating changes in SOM through time. It provides insight into the possible manipulation of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration; for example, increasing litter inputs might only increase moderately‐stable SOC pools, whereas encouraging the creation of βSOM by adsorption to mineral matter from deeper soil could lead to long‐term stabilization.Highlights
Models of SOM should include explicit descriptions of physical states and properties.
Our new topsoil SOM model is constrained by C:N:P stoichiometry, SO14C, and physical fractionation data.
Simulated soil properties, randomly generated, account for measured trends and patterns of scatter in SOM data.
SOM properties depend upon litter input, interactions with mineral matter, hypoxia, and bulk density.
Real‐time effects of interictal spikes on hippocampus and amygdala functional connectivity in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy: An EEG‐fMRI study
Authors: Tong Xin , An Dongmei , Xiao Fenglai , Lei Du , Niu Running , Li Wei , Ren Jiechuan , Liu Wenyu , Tang Yingying , Zhang Le , Zhou Baiwan , Gong Qiyong , Zhou Dong 
Published: January 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo explore the real‐time effects of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) on hippocampus and amygdala functional connectivity (FC) in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsPatients with unilateral TLE were recruited and underwent simultaneous electroencephalography–functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG‐fMRI) scanning. Simultaneous EEG was used to define the prespike (10 s before spike) and postspike (10 s after spike) periods. Dynamic FC analysis was applied using the left/right hippocampus and amygdala separately as a seed region to map the network alterations after IED occurrence.ResultsA total of 261 IED events (133 left, 128 right) from 21 patients with unilateral TLE (10 left, 11 right) were analyzed. Left IEDs had a greater influence on the hippocampus‐seeded networks, whereas right IEDs affected the amygdala‐seeded networks more. Left IEDs disconnected the ipsilateral hippocampus and the default mode network, which might be related to cognitive impairment in TLE. The reward‐emotion network (more of the prefrontal‐limbic system) and visual network also showed FC changes after left IEDs. The reward‐emotion network (more of the reward system) was coactivated after right IEDs, indicating a possible mechanism of forced normalization.SignificanceThis study directly linked the disrupted functional networks in TLE to epileptic activities and offered a unique tool for future research to investigate mechanisms of comorbidities in TLE.
Age‐Dependent Increasing Risk Aversion and the Equity Premium Puzzle
Authors: DaSilva Amadeu , Farka Mira , Giannikos Christos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe introduce a new preference structure—age‐dependent increasing risk aversion (IRA)—in a three‐period overlapping generations model with borrowing constraints, and examine the behavior of equity premium in this framework. We find that IRA preferences generate results that are more consistent with U.S. data for the equity premium, level of savings and portfolio shares, without assuming unreasonable levels of risk aversion. We find that the relative difference between the two risk aversions (how much more risk‐averse old agents are relative to the middle‐aged) matters more than the average risk aversion in the economy (how much more risk‐averse both cohorts are). Our findings are robust with respect to a number of model generalizations.
FROM NEAR AND FAR: AESTHETIC DISTANCE IN THE REPRESENTATION OF HEIMAT BY LENA CHRIST AND CLARA VIEBIG
Authors: Bland Caroline 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTLena Christ (1881–1920) and Clara Viebig (1860–1952) depicted the German Catholic peasantry in border regions remote from Berlin: Upper Bavaria in Christ's Mathias Bichler (1914) and Die Rumplhanni (1917) and the Eifel in Viebig's Heimat (1914). Both authors made much of their authentic presentation of peasant life and it is still this aspect which is emphasised in the reception of their work. The irresistible force of modernity in the growing cities, coupled with the upheaval of the Great War, appeared to have provoked fresh longing for rural traditions and simplicity. By linking the writing of Viebig and Christ to the contemporaneous interest of visual artists in the landscape, peasantry, and tradition, this article will demonstrate how authenticity and the rural Heimat became a focus of aesthetic enquiry at this time.
ESCAPING FROM HEIMAT AND LONGING FOR HEIMAT IN WILHELMINE VON HILLERN'S DIE GEIER‐WALLY
Authors: Scharnowski Susanne 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWhile Wilhelmine von Hillern's novel and its film adaptations still figure amongst the best‐known examples of the genres ‘Heimatroman’ and ‘Heimatfilm’ respectively, so far no detailed study has been done of the portrayal of Heimat in the novel, even though Heimat is frequently and explicitly thematised. An analysis of the novel reveals a surprisingly bleak image of the village and the village community, of the paternal household and the father. The heroine of the novel, Wally, courageous and with a great desire for independence, experiences both the village and the paternal home solely as restrictions, as a suppression of her determination and individuality. This unrelievedly gloomy portrayal of village life is in fact more reminiscent of the anti‐Heimat literature of the 1970s than of the Heimat literature of the late nineteenth century. Here, high mountains and glaciers serve as a counter‐world to the strangely unhomely Heimat and as a place to escape to. The novel resists the notion of Heimat as a bond to village origins with a more modern, urbanised perspective, in which Heimat is presented as an indeterminate and ultimately unfulfillable yearning rather than as a bond to place and traditions. In this perspective – clearly depicted as modern and urban – the focus is not on rural life and the village community, but rather on the sublime Alpine wilderness.
GENDER, MIGRATION, AND MAGICAL NATURALISM IN EDGAR REITZ'S DIE ANDERE HEIMAT (2013)
Authors: Palfreyman Rachel 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTA gendered understanding of the concept of Heimat exposes difficulties with gender representation in Heimat film and writing in both the traditional and critical modes. Women can be so closely aligned with the construction or even embodiment of the Heimat that their own access to it is in doubt. Reitz's Heimat (1984) was criticised as well as celebrated for its representation of the maternal Heimat constructed by Maria seemingly for the benefit of her menfolk who are able to transcend the Heimat at will and then return, while she remains stuck in the Heimat realm. Reitz's ‘Vormärz’ prequel Die andere Heimat (2013) on the face of it presents another narrative of a mother and her sons with a fraternal and mirrored gender pattern of Heimat production, as well as dealing with the complexities of leaving and remaining in the Heimat. In engaging both with current debates on the intersection of Heimat discourse and migration, and with the birth of the Heimat movement, this essay ‘bookends’ the core period addressed in this special number, as it looks forwards and backwards to historical and conceptual concerns that anchor the discussions of Heimat texts from 1871–1933.
Elevated pre‐existing lymphocytic infiltrates in tumour stroma predict poor prognosis in resectable urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Wang Bo , Xie Shujie , Bi Junming , Liu Zhuowei , Zeng Hong , Huang Hao , Xue Miaoxin , He Zhihua , Yang Meihua , Yu Hao , Huang Jian , Lin Tianxin 
Published: January 2019

AimsLymphocytic infiltrates are predominantly distributed in the tumour stroma, and represents the tumour‐related immune response. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic value of stromal lymphocytic infiltrates (SLI) in resectable urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).Methods and resultsThe prognostic significance of SLI in UCB was assessed in a discovery cohort (n = 226; 60 deaths) and in a validation cohort (n = 417; 103 deaths). SLI was categorised into intense (≥50% SLI) and non‐intense (<50% SLI). A multivariable Cox model was used to analyse the associations of SLI score with overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the composition and phenotypes of SLI. The median follow‐up times were 58.1 and 64.9 months in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. SLI was intense in 38.1% of patients in the discovery cohort and in 20.9% of patients in the validation cohort (P < 0.001). SLI score had independent prognostic value for OS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.132; P = 0.016] and disease‐specific survival (DSS) (HR 1.952; P = 0.04) in the discovery cohort, which was confirmed in the validation cohort (OS: HR 1.636; P = 0.023; DSS: HR 1.627; P = 0.029). SLI score was positively associated with histological grade, tumour stage and lymph node status in both cohorts. Moreover, in the stroma, SLI displayed a broad spectrum of inhibitory immune cells, by expressing several major immune checkpoint molecules, i.e. programmed cell death protein 1, programmed death‐ligand 1, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase, and T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3.ConclusionIntense pre‐existing SLI was validated as a reliable marker of poorer prognosis for survival in UCB patients, which may add to the prognostic significance of the TNM classification.
OBVIOUSLY STRATEGY‐PROOF IMPLEMENTATION OF TOP TRADING CYCLES
Authors: Troyan Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough there is a rich theoretical literature extolling the virtues of the top trading cycles (TTCs) mechanism, it is rarely used in practice. Anecdotal evidence suggests that one possible explanation is that TTC is difficult for participants to understand. This article formalizes this intuition by asking whether it is possible to implement TTC in an obviously strategy‐proof (OSP) way. I identify an acyclicity condition that is both necessary and sufficient for OSP implementation of TTC. The condition is unlikely to hold in most applications, which may explain why TTC is rarely used, despite its many appealing theoretical properties.
IF WE CONFESS OUR SINS
Authors: Silva Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractI consider a scenario where a social planner suspects that a crime has been committed. There are many suspects and at most one of them is guilty. I characterize the optimal mechanism for the social planner under different assumptions with respect to her commitment power. I find that the optimal mechanism is a “confession inducing mechanism”: Before an investigation, each agent can confess to being guilty in exchange for a reduced punishment. I find that these mechanisms do better than the traditional trial mechanism because of information externalities: When an agent credibly confesses his guilt, he reveals everyone else's innocence.
Towards a circulating marker of hepato‐visceral fat excess: S100A4 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome — Evidence from randomized clinical trials
Authors: Malpique Rita , Sánchez‐Infantes David , Garcia‐Beltran Cristina , Taxerås Siri D. , López‐Bermejo Abel , de Zegher Francis , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: January 2019

SummaryS100A4 is a marker of subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is often driven by hepato‐visceral adiposity. PCOS phenotypes are normalized more by reduction of central fat with spironolactone/pioglitazone/metformin (SPIOMET) than by oral contraceptive (OC) treatment. We studied whether circulating S100A4 concentrations are high in adolescents with PCOS and, if so, whether they normalize more with OC or SPIOMET. Assessments included circulating S100A4, endocrine markers, body composition, abdominal fat partitioning in controls (n = 12) and girls with PCOS (n = 51; age 15.8 y; body mass index [BMI] 24.5 kg/m2), and 1‐year changes in girls with PCOS randomized for OC (n = 27) or SPIOMET (n = 24) treatment. Mean S100A4 concentrations were 71% higher (P < 0.001) in girls with PCOS than in controls and associated with hepato‐visceral adiposity (r = 0.47; P = 0.001); S100A4 concentrations decreased more (P < 0.01) with SPIOMET, those decreases associating to hepato‐visceral fat loss (r = 0.50; P < 0.0001). S100A4 may become a circulating marker of hepato‐visceral fat excess in adolescents with PCOS.
The honey bee gut microbiota: strategies for study and characterization
Authors: Romero S. , Nastasa A. , Chapman A. , Kwong W. K. , Foster L. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGut microbiota research is an emerging field that improves our understanding of the ecological and functional dynamics of gut environments. The honey bee gut microbiota is a highly rewarding community to study, as honey bees are critical pollinators of many crops for human consumption and produce valuable commodities such as honey and wax. Most significantly, unique characteristics of the Apis mellifera gut habitat make it a valuable model system. This review discusses methods and pipelines used in the study of the gut microbiota of Ap. mellifera and closely related species for four main purposes: identifying microbiota taxonomy, characterizing microbiota genomes (microbiome), characterizing microbiota–microbiota interactions and identifying functions of the microbial community in the gut. The purpose of this contribution is to increase understanding of honey bee gut microbiota, to facilitate bee microbiota and microbiome research in general and to aid design of future experiments in this growing field.