bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of TiO2 nanopigment on the optical properties of polyester fabric in UV–VIS–NIR regions
Authors: Piri Negin , Shams‐Nateri Ali , Mokhtari Javad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe particle size parameter is a key factor that affects radiative properties of nanopigments, and consequently, pigments of the same type but different sizes represent different spectral performance. Therefore, current study dealt with a systematic experimental investigation on the effect of TiO2 pigmented coatings on spectral reflectance and color performance of white and colored polyester fabrics in UV, VIS, and NIR region of electromagnetic spectrum, with a special emphasis on VIS region. In order to accomplish this target, polyester fabrics were coated with TiO2 nanopigment with various concentrations and different diameters, and their reflectance spectra were measured using spectrophotometric method. Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to investigate the significance of the effect of TiO2 nanopigment on the color performance of coated fabrics. According to experimental observations, an organized color shift appears in color coordinate of fabrics coated with TiO2 nanopigment of various sizes. Moreover, although TiO2 nanopigment with 35 nm diameter has the most significant impact on short wavelength region (UV region), the effect of pigment with 250 nm diameter is more noticeable on NIR region as long wavelength region.
Understanding Local‐Field Correction Factors in the Framework of the Onsager−Böttcher Model
Authors: Aubret Antoine , Orrit Michel , Kulzer Florian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe determination of the appropriate local‐field factor for quantifying the response of a molecule to an external electric field is of major importance in optical spectroscopy. Although numerous studies have dealt with the evolution of the optical properties of emitters as a function of their environment, the choice of the model used to quantify local fields is still ambiguous, and sometimes even arbitrary. In this paper, we review the Onsager–Böttcher model, which introduces the polarizability of the probe molecule as the determinant parameter for the local field factor, and we establish a simple conceptual framework encompassing all commonly used models. Finally, a discussion of published experimental research illustrates the potential of the measurement of local electric fields in dense dielectric media, as well as the subtleties involved in their interpretation.
Tuning Redox Properties and Self‐Assembly of Thienoacene‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalenes
Authors: Lindholm Andersen Cecilie , Zalibera Michal , Lušpai Karol , Christensen Mikkel A. , Darvasiová Denisa , Lukeš Vladimír , Rapta Peter , Haley Michael M. , Hammerich Ole , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTurning on and off associations between molecules by a reversible change in their redox states is a convenient way of controlling self‐assembly and hence for advancing supramolecular chemistry. Here we present systematic studies on a selection of extended tetrathiafulvalenes with thienoacene spacers. By cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and in situ EPR/UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry, in combination with computations, we have elucidated how the number and orientations of thiophene rings in the spacer between the two dithiafulvene rings influence both the donor strength and association properties. The radical cations and their associates were found to cover a remarkable large region of the UV‐Vis‐NIR spectrum, but the appearance of the absorption spectrum of the radical cations as well as of the unassociated dications also depended strongly on the exact molecular structure.
An international approach of the relationship between board attributes and the disclosure of corporate social responsibility issues
Authors: Pucheta‐Martínez María Consuelo , Gallego‐Álvarez Isabel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFirms interested in being perceived by all stakeholders and society as drivers of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, especially regarding CSR reporting, should have boards of directors that defend not only shareholder interests but also all stakeholders' needs. Thus, we expect that efficient boards, particularly if well‐structured, will impact on CSR disclosure. As a result, in this paper, we examine the effect of board composition, particularly board size, board independence, board gender diversity, chief executive officer (CEO) duality, and CSR board committee, on CSR reporting. Using a sample of international firms, concretely 13,178 observations belonging to 39 countries, we hypothesize that all these attributes positively affect CSR disclosure, except board independence and CEO duality, which are expected to impact negatively. These hypotheses are theoretically supported by the agency and stakeholder perspectives. Our findings support all the hypotheses, except that of CEO duality, and therefore, we conclude that board characteristics such as board size, board gender diversity, and CSR board committees encourage the disclosure of CSR matters, whereas board independence discourages this reporting. Contrary to our predictions, CEO duality has a positive effect on CSR reporting.
Label‐Free Metabolic Classification of Single Cells in Droplets Using the Phasor Approach to Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
Authors: Ma Ning , Kamalakshakurup Gopakumar , Aghaamoo Mohammad , Lee Abraham P. , Digman Michelle A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCharacterization of single cell metabolism is imperative for understanding subcellular functional and biochemical changes associated with healthy tissue development and the progression of numerous diseases. However, single‐cell analysis often requires the use of fluorescent tags and cell lysis followed by genomic profiling to identify the cellular heterogeneity. Identifying individual cells in a noninvasive and label‐free manner is crucial for the detection of energy metabolism which will discriminate cell types and most importantly critical for maintaining cell viability for further analysis. Here, we have developed a robust assay using the droplet microfluidic technology together with the phasor approach to fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to study cell heterogeneity within and among the leukemia cell lines (K‐562 and Jurkat). We have extended these techniques to characterize metabolic differences between proliferating and quiescent cells—a critical step toward label‐free single cancer cell dormancy research. The result suggests a droplet‐based noninvasive and label‐free method to distinguish individual cells based on their metabolic states, which could be used as an upstream phenotypic platform to correlate with genomic statistics. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
The Synaptic and Neuronal Functions of the X‐Linked Intellectual Disability Protein Interleukin‐1 Receptor Accessory Protein Like 1 (IL1RAPL1)
Authors: Montani Caterina , Gritti Laura , Beretta Stefania , Verpelli Chiara , Sala Carlo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSince the first observation that described a patient with a mutation in IL1RAPL1 gene associated with intellectual disability in 1999, the function of IL1RAPL1 has been extensively studied by a number of laboratories. In this review, we summarize all the major data describing the synaptic and neuronal functions of IL1RAPL1 and recapitulate most of the genetic deletion identified in humans and associated to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). All the data clearly demonstrate that IL1RAPL1 is a synaptic adhesion molecule localized at the postsynaptic membrane. Mutations in IL1RAPL1 gene cause either the absence of the protein or the production of a dysfunctional protein. More recently it has been demonstrated that IL1RAPL1 regulated dendrite formation and mediates the activity of IL‐1β on dendrite morphology. All these data will possibly contribute to identifying therapies for patients carrying mutations in IL1RAPL1 gene.
Maternal size and body condition predict the amount of post‐fertilization maternal provisioning in matrotrophic fish
Authors: Hagmayer Andres , Furness Andrew I. , Reznick David N. , Pollux Bart J. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMaternal effects often provide a mechanism for adaptive transgenerational phenotypic plasticity. The maternal phenotype can profoundly influence the potential for such environmentally induced adjustments of the offspring phenotype, causing correlations between offspring and maternal traits. Here, we study potential effects of the maternal phenotype on offspring provisioning prior to and during gestation in the matrotrophic live‐bearing fish speciesPoeciliopsis retropinna. Specifically, we examine how maternal traits such as body fat, lean mass, and length relate to pre‐ (i.e., allocation to the egg prior to fertilization) and post‐fertilization (i.e., allocation to the embryo during pregnancy) maternal provisioning and how this ultimately affects offspring size and body composition at birth. We show that pre‐ and post‐fertilization maternal provisioning is associated with maternal length and body fat, but not with maternal lean mass. Maternal length is proportionally associated with egg mass at fertilization and offspring mass at birth, notably without changing the ratio of pre‐ to post‐fertilization maternal provisioning. This ratio, referred to as the matrotrophy index (MI), is often used to quantify the level of matrotrophy. By contrast, the proportion of maternal body fat is positively associated with post‐fertilization, but not pre‐fertilization, maternal provisioning and consequently is strongly positively correlated with the MI. We furthermore found that the composition of embryos changes throughout pregnancy. Females invest first in embryo lean mass, and then allocate fat reserves to embryos very late in pregnancy. We argue that this delay in fat allocation may be adaptive, because it delays an unnecessary high reproductive burden to the mother during earlier stages of pregnancy, potentially leading to a more slender body shape and improved locomotor performance. In conclusion, our study suggests that (a) offspring size at birth is a plastic trait that is predicted by both maternal length and body fat, and (b) the MI is a plastic trait that is predicted solely by the proportion of maternal body fat. It herewith provides new insights into the potential maternal causes and consequences of embryo provisioning during pregnancy in matrotrophic live‐bearing species.
Seasonal drought in North America’s sagebrush biome structures dynamic mesic resources for sage‐grouse
Authors: Donnelly J. Patrick , Allred Brady W. , Perret Daniel , Silverman Nicholas L. , Tack Jason D. , Dreitz Victoria J. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Naugle David E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe North American semi‐arid sagebrush, Artemisia spp., biome exhibits considerable climatic complexity driving dynamic spatiotemporal shifts in primary productivity. Greater and Gunnison sage‐grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus and C. minimus, are adapted to patterns of resource intermittence and rely on stable adult survival supplemented by occasional recruitment pulses when climatic conditions are favorable. Predictions of intensifying water scarcity raise concerns over new demographic bottlenecks impacting sage‐grouse populations in drought‐sensitive landscapes. We estimate biome‐wide mesic resource productivity from 1984 to 2016 using remote sensing to identify patterns of food availability influencing selective pressures on sage‐grouse. We linked productivity to abiotic factors to examine effects of seasonal drought across time, space, and land tenure, with findings partitioned along gradients of ecosystem water balance within Great Basin, Rocky Mountains and Great Plains regions. Precipitation was the driver of mesic resource abundance explaining ≥70% of variance in drought‐limited vegetative productivity. Spatiotemporal shifts in mesic abundance were apparent given biome‐wide climatic trends that reduced precipitation below three‐quarters of normal in 20% of years. Drought sensitivity structured grouse populations wherein landscapes with the greatest uncertainty in mesic abundance and distribution supported the fewest grouse. Privately owned lands encompassed 40% of sage‐grouse range, but contained a disproportional 68% of mesic resources. Regional drought sensitivity identified herein acted as ecological minimums to influence differences in landscape carrying capacity across sage‐grouse range. Our model depictions likely reflect a new normal in water scarcity that could compound impacts of demographic bottlenecks in Great Basin and Great Plains. We conclude that long‐term population maintenance depends on a diversity of drought resistant mesic resources that offset climate driven variability in vegetative productivity. We recommend a holistic public–private lands approach to mesic restoration to offset a deepening risk of water scarcity.
The Gambian epauletted fruit bat shows increased genetic divergence in the Ethiopian highlands and in an area of rapid urbanization
Authors: Riesle‐Sbarbaro Silke A. , Amponsah‐Mensah Kofi , de Vries Stefan , Nicolas Violaine , Lalis Aude , Suu‐Ire Richard , Cunningham Andrew A. , Wood James L. N. , Sargan David R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Gambian epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus gambianus) is an abundant species that roosts in both urban and rural settings. The possible role of E. gambianus as a reservoir host of zoonotic diseases underlines the need to better understand the species movement patterns. So far, neither observational nor phylogenetic studies have identified the dispersal range or behavior of this species. Comparative analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear markers from 20 localities across the known distribution of E. gambianus showed population panmixia, except for the populations in Ethiopia and southern Ghana (Accra and Ve‐Golokwati). The Ethiopian population may be ancestral and is highly divergent to the species across the rest of its range, possibly reflecting isolation of an ancient colonization along an east–west axis. Mitochondrial haplotypes in the Accra population display a strong signature of a past bottleneck event; evidence of either an ancient or recent bottleneck using microsatellite data, however, was not detected. Demographic analyses identified population expansion in most of the colonies, except in the female line of descent in the Accra population. The molecular analyses of the colonies from Ethiopia and southern Ghana show gender dispersal bias, with the mitochondrial DNA fixation values over ten times those of the nuclear markers. These findings indicate free mixing of the species across great distances, which should inform future epidemiological studies.
Defensive chemicals of neighboring plants limit visits of herbivorous insects: Associational resistance within a plant population
Authors: Ida Takashi Y. , Takanashi Kojiro , Tamura Momoka , Ozawa Rika , Nakashima Yoshitaka , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite our understanding of chemical defenses and their consequences for plant performance and herbivores, we know little about whether defensive chemicals in plant tissues, such as alkaloids, and their spatial variation within a population play unappreciated and critical roles in plant‐herbivore interactions. Neighboring plants can decrease or increase attractiveness of a plant to herbivores, an example of a neighborhood effect. Chemical defensive traits may contribute to neighborhood effects in plant‐herbivore interactions. We examined the effects of nicotine in leaves (a non‐emitted defense chemical) on plant‐herbivore interactions in a spatial context, using two varieties of Nicotiana tabacum with different nicotine levels. A common garden experiment demonstrated that visits by grasshoppers decreased with increasing density of neighboring plants with a greater nicotine level. In contrast, visits of leaf caterpillars were not affected by neighbors, irrespective of nicotine levels. Thus, our results clearly highlighted that the neighborhood effect caused by the nicotine in leaves depended on the insect identity, and it was mediated by plant‐herbivore interactions, rather than plant‐plant interactions. This study demonstrates that understanding of effects of plant defensive traits on plant‐herbivore interactions requires careful consideration of the spatial distribution of plant defenses, and provides support for the importance of spatial context to accurately capture the ecological and evolutionary consequences of plant‐herbivore interactions.
Structure and function of the bacterial and fungal gut microbiota of Neotropical butterflies
Authors: Ravenscraft Alison , Berry Michelle , Hammer Tobin , Peay Kabir , Boggs Carol 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe relationship between animals and their gut flora is simultaneously one of the most common and most complex symbioses on Earth. Despite its ubiquity, our understanding of this invisible but often critical relationship is still in its infancy. We employed adult Neotropical butterflies as a study system to ask three questions: First, how does gut microbial community composition vary across host individuals, species and dietary guilds? Second, how do gut microbiota compare to food microbial communities? Finally, are gut flora functionally adapted to the chemical makeup of host foods? To answer these questions we captured nearly 300 Costa Rican butterflies representing over 50 species, six families, and two feeding guilds: frugivores and nectivores. We characterized bacteria and fungi in guts, wild fruits, and wild nectars via amplicon sequencing and assessed the catabolic abilities of the gut microbiota via culture‐based assays. Gut communities were distinct from food communities, suggesting that the gut environment acts as a filter on potential colonists. Nevertheless, gut flora varied widely among individuals and species. On average, a pair of butterflies shared 21% of their bacterial species and 6% of their fungi. Host species explained 25–30% of variation in microbial communities while host diet explained 4%, suggesting that non‐dietary aspects of host biology play a large role in structuring the butterfly gut flora. Much of the variation between species correlated with host phylogeny. Host diet was related to gut microbial function: compared to frugivores, nectivores’ gut flora exhibited increased catabolism of sugars and sugar alcohols and decreased catabolism of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and dicarboxylic acids. Since fermented juice contains more amino acids and less sugar than nectar, it appears that host diet filters the gut flora by favoring microbes that digest compounds abundant in foods. By quantifying the degree to which gut communities vary among host individuals, species and dietary guilds and evaluating how gut microbial composition and catabolic potential are related to host diet, this study highlights the linkages between structure and function in one of the most complex and ubiquitous symbioses in the animal kingdom.
The 1800‐year variation of the lower Yellow River bank breachings in relation to the drainage basin vegetation reconstructed using cave stalagmite records
Authors: Xu Jiongxin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRivers are closely related to climate, and the hydrogeomorphic features and stability of river channels respond sensitively to climatic change. However, the history of instrumental observations of climatic, hydrological and channel changes is short, notably limiting our ability to understand the complex river responses to long‐term climate change and human activity. In this study, we show that cave stalagmite records reflected the variations in precipitation and temperature in the Yellow River basin, and the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation over the past 1800 years can therefore be reconstructed. We found that the reconstructed annual mean precipitation (Pm) and NPP closely related to the 1800‐year variation of the lower Yellow River (LYR) channel instability indexed by the frequency of the LYR levee breaching events (LBEs) (Fb) derived from historical documents. The temporal variations inPm, NPP andFbexhibited an anti‐phase relationship (negative correlation) and in‐phase relationship (positive correlation), referred to as Type I and Type II relationships, respectively. The two types alternately appeared, dividing the studied period into several sub‐periods. Type I occurred when the vegetation remained in a quasi‐natural condition, and Type II occurred when the vegetation had been altered by humans to some degree. These features reflect complex river behaviours in response to climate change and human activity and may be explained by the interaction between climate, vegetation and human activity on the millennial timescale. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meteorological measurements at Auchencorth Moss from 1995 to 2016
Authors: Coyle Mhairi , Cape John N. , Flechard Chris , Fowler David , Helfter Carole , Jones Mathew , Kentisbeer John , Leeson Sarah R. , Leith Ian D. , Mullinger Neil , Nemitz Eiko , Roberts Elin , Simmons Ivan , Storeton‐West Robert , Twigg Marsailidh , Van Dijk Netty 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Auchencorth Moss atmospheric observatory has being measuring meteorological parameters since 1995. The site was originally set‐up to measure the deposition of sulphur dioxide at a site that represented the vegetation and climate typical of NW Europe, in relatively clean background air. It is one of the longest running flux monitoring sites in the region, over semi‐natural vegetation, providing infrastructure and support for many measurement campaigns and continuous monitoring of air pollutants and greenhouse gases. The meteorological sensors that are used, data processing and quality reviewing procedures are described for a set of core measurements up to 2016. These core measurements are essential for the interpretation of the other atmospheric variables.Open Practices

This article has earned an Open Data badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data is available at http://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/8e6cbb111cfd41a19c92aadcb2d040fd. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Feasibility of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery
Authors: van den Bos Jacqueline , van Kooten Lottie , Engelen Sanne M. E. , Lubbers Tim , Stassen Laurents P. S. , Bouvy Nicole D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study assessed the feasibility of near‐infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) to identify the parathyroid glands (PGs) intraoperatively and to assess their perfusion after thyroid resection.MethodsPatients undergoing elective thyroidectomy were enrolled in this prospective study. An intravenous bolus of 7.5 mg ICG was administered twice: the first bolus to identify the PGs before resection of the thyroid and the second to assess vascularization of the PGs after resection.ResultsA total of 30 operations in 26 patients were included. In 17 surgeries (56.7%), fluorescence imaging was of added value, especially to confirm the presence of a suspected PG. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred because of the use of ICG.ConclusionNear‐infrared fluorescence imaging with the use of ICG for intraoperative identification of the PGs and the assessment of its vascularization is feasible and safe and can provide more certainty about the location of the PGs.