bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Outcomes with Semi‐mechanical and Circular Stapled Intrathoracic Esophagogastric Anastomosis following Esophagectomy
Authors: Yanni Fady , Singh Pritam , Tewari Nilanjana , Parsons Simon L. , Catton James A. , Duffy John , Welch Neil T. , Vohra Ravinder S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral techniques have been described for esophagogastric anastomosis following esophagectomy. This study compared the outcomes of circular stapled anastomoses with semi‐mechanical technique using a linear stapler.MethodsPerioperative data were extracted from a contemporaneously collected database of all consecutive esophagectomies for cancer with intrathoracic anastomoses performed in the Trent Oesophago‐Gastric Unit between January 2015 and April 2018. Anastomotic techniques: circular stapled versus semi‐mechanical, were evaluated and outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was anastomotic leak rate. Secondary outcomes included anastomotic stricture, overall complication rates, length of stay (LOS) and 30 day all‐cause mortality.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐nine consecutive esophagectomies with intrathoracic anastomosis were performed during the study period. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, American Society of Anaesthesiologists score, Charlson comorbidity index and neoadjuvant therapies received. Circular stapled anastomoses were performed in 85 patients, while 74 patients received a semi‐mechanical anastomosis. Clavien–Dindo complications II or more were higher in the circular stapled group (p = 0.02). There were 16 (10%) anastomotic leaks overall, three (4%) in semi‐mechanical group versus 13 (15%) in the circular stapled group (p < 0.019). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of LOS, 30‐day mortality or the need for endoscopic dilatation of the anastomosis at 3 months follow‐up.ConclusionThe move from a circular stapled to a semi‐mechanical intrathoracic anastomosis has been associated with a reduced postoperative anastomotic leak rate following esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Submarine giant pumice: a window into the shallow conduit dynamics of a recent silicic eruption
Authors: Mitchell Samuel J. , Houghton Bruce F. , Carey Rebecca J. , Manga Michael , Fauria Kristen E. , Jones Max P. , Soule S. Adam , Conway Chris E. , Wei Zihan , Giachetti Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeter-scale vesicular blocks, termed “giant pumice,” are characteristic primary products of many subaqueous silicic eruptions. The size of giant pumices allows us to describe meter-scale variations in textures and geochemistry with implications for shearing processes, ascent dynamics, and thermal histories within submarine conduits prior to eruption. The submarine eruption of Havre volcano, Kermadec Arc, in 2012, produced at least 0.1 km3 of rhyolitic giant pumice from a single 900-m-deep vent, with blocks up to 10 m in size transported to at least 6 km from source. We sampled and analyzed 29 giant pumices from the 2012 Havre eruption. Geochemical analyses of whole rock and matrix glass show no evidence for geochemical heterogeneities in parental magma; any textural variations can be attributed to crystallization of phenocrysts and microlites, and degassing. Extensive growth of microlites occurred near conduit walls where magma was then mingled with ascending microlite-poor, low viscosity rhyolite. Meter- to micron-scale textural analyses of giant pumices identify diversity throughout an individual block and between the exteriors of individual blocks. We identify evidence for post-disruption vesicle growth during pumice ascent in the water column above the submarine vent. A 2D cumulative strain model with a flared, shallow conduit may explain observed vesicularity contrasts (elongate tube vesicles vs spherical vesicles). Low vesicle number densities in these pumices from this high-intensity silicic eruption demonstrate the effect of hydrostatic pressure above a deep submarine vent in suppressing rapid late-stage bubble nucleation and inhibiting explosive fragmentation in the shallow conduit.
Self-Reported Long-Term Antiretroviral Adherence: A Longitudinal Study Among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Authors: Ramlagan Shandir , Rodriguez Violeta J. , Peltzer Karl , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Jones Deborah L. , Sifunda Sibusiso 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe evaluate the impact of a multi-session cognitive behavioral prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) intervention on antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. A total of 683 women were enrolled into a randomized control trial conducted at twelve community health centres (CHCs) in Mpumalanga Province. Participants were randomized to Standard Care or Enhanced PMTCT Intervention (EI). EI received three group and three individual intervention sessions. EI impact was ascertained on ART adherence (baseline vs 12 months post-partum). Women in the intervention groups were less likely to remain stable with regards to ART adherence over time compared to the control groups. In predicting if women become adherent over time, the intervention condition had no impact. However, the intervention condition was significantly positively associated with change to non-adherence. The enhanced cognitive-behavioral PMTCT intervention did not show any improvement in relation to maternal ART adherence relative to standard PMTCT care.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: number NCT02085356.
Optimization of coiled tubing nozzle for sand removal from wellbore
Authors: Khan Javed Akbar , Irawan Sonny , Padmanabhan Eswaran , Al-Kayiem Hussain H. , Rai Sahil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProduction is hampered by sand and scale that impede flow and require intervention. Although coiled tubing jetting tools have been very successful in wellbore cleaning operations, the coiled tubing unit has certain limitations and constraints. The fluid pumping pressures of fluids at the wellhead are limited to the normal pressure of pump, whereas some sand types and scales require a very high shear force to break and disintegrate. The dimensions of the coiled tubing unit nozzle size are directly related to the diameter of the production tubing. The present work consists in designing the nozzle of coiled tubing jetting tool with different dimensional parameters and analysing the design of the nozzle for required high outlet pressure, flow rate and velocity at various inlet pressures. Numerical technique was used to analyse the flow of fluid through the nozzle. The different port diameters and cone angles between 0.09 and 0.125 inch and 15° and 45°, respectively, were simulated. The effects of these parameters on the outlet pressure, the mass flow at the outlet and the outlet velocities were predicted and analysed. Inner nozzle diameters smaller than 0.75 inch gave good results, and the 1 inch inner diameter gave lower performance. Therefore, the lower diameter nozzle provides better performance. Decreasing the number of ports from seven to five did not create a big difference in nozzle performance, as the seven ported nozzles provide slightly better performance.
Visualizing the History and Perspectives of Disaster Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Hao Xinxin , Liu Yunling , Li Xiaoxue , Zheng Jingchen 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the development of disaster medicine and to identify the main obstacles to improving disaster medicine research and application.Methods:A topic search strategy was used to search the Web of Science Core Collection database. The 100 articles with the highest local citation scores were selected for bibliometric analysis; summarizing informetric indicators; and preparing a historiography, themes network, and key word co-occurrence map.Results:The 100 articles with the highest local citation scores were published from 1983 to 2013 in 9 countries, mainly in the United States. The most productive authors were Koenig and Rubinson. The lead research institution was Columbia University. The most commonly cited journal was the Annals of Emergency Medicine. The development of disaster medicine could be separated into 3 consecutive periods. All results indicate that the development of disaster medicine faces some obstacles that need to be addressed.Conclusions:Research works have provided a solid foundation for disaster medicine, but its development has been in a slow growth period for a long time. Obstacles to the development of disaster medicine include the lack of scientist communities, transdisciplinary research, innovative research perspectives, and continuous research. Future research should overcome these obstacles so as to make further advances in this field.
A decadal study of biometric and imposex indices in two gastropods
Authors: Ruiz J. M. , Carro B. , Albaina N. , Couceiro L. , Quintela M. , Barreiro R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe have monitored tributyltin (TBT) pollution in Galicia (NW Spain) for more than a decade by means of assessing gastropod imposex in populations of Nucella lapillus (N ≥ 34) and Tritia reticulata (N ≥ 18) at regular intervals. Several thousand specimens were processed to obtain their shell height (SH), penis length (PL) and vas deferens sequence (VDS); imposex indices (including the VDS index, VDSI) were subsequently calculated. The regional mean SH of both females and males has not changed significantly in either species throughout the study. This also applies to the mean male PL in N. lapillus, but male T. reticulata penises surprisingly enlarged. On the contrary, the regional mean female PL (MFPL) and all imposex indices significantly decreased in both snails. Results confirm previous conclusions based on the chemical analyses of tissues and partial imposex observations. In addition, the close correlations between MFPL and VDSI show some potential applications to TBT biomonitoring.
A Morphodynamic Modeling Study on the Formation of the Large‐Scale Radial Sand Ridges in the Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Tao Jianfeng , Wang Zheng Bing , Zhou Zeng , Xu Fan , Zhang Changkuan , Stive Marcel J.F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe radial sand ridges (denoted as “RSRs” hereafter) in the Southern Yellow Sea, China, are morphologically striking because of the remarkable size and radial planar orientation, standing out as a unique coastal geomorphology among the worldwide sand ridge systems. The formation of this giant fan‐shaped geomorphic feature requires delicate conditions and awaits in‐depth investigation. Using an idealized morphodynamic model, this study unravels the governing factors for the formation of the unique large‐scale RSRs, in comparison with other types of sand ridge systems over the world. The effects of the M2 tidal constituent, the Coriolis forcing, the bed resistance, and the initial water depths on the morphodynamic behavior of the RSRs are explored. Numerical results indicate that the tidal regime, characterized by rotational and progressive current action associated with the tidal bulge, is dependent on the eastern coastline of China as well as latitudinal effects. Through the comparison between the simulated and the measured morphology, this tidal regime is demonstrated to be the key driver in forming and maintaining the present‐day RSRs. The runs with different parameters further suggest that the asymmetric pattern of the RSRs, which shows larger northern sand ridges than the southern ones, results from both the asymmetric distribution of current activity caused by the tidal bulge and unequal sediment supply. Overall, this study highlights the delicate condition, predominantly represented by the particular currents set up by the tidal wave system and the sediment supply, required to shape the striking large‐scale RSRs in the Southern Yellow Sea.
The Kinetics of N2 Triplet Electronic States in the Upper and Middle Atmosphere During Relativistic Electron Precipitation
Authors: Kirillov A. S. , Belakhovsky V. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe electronic kinetics of N2 triplet states A3Σu+, B3Πg, W3Δu, B'3Σu−, and C3Πu in the upper and middle atmosphere of the Earth during relativistic electron precipitation is considered. Intramolecular and intermolecular electron energy transfers in inelastic collisions of electronically excited molecular nitrogen with N2 and O2 molecules are taken into account in the calculations. The calculations indicate an influence of atmospheric density increase on the calculated vibrational populations of the B3Πg state. For the first time it is shown that there is a dependence of the calculated column intensity ratios of first and second positive bands on the energy of relativistic electrons. The calculated column intensity ratios I(749 nm)/I(337 nm) and I(669 nm)/I(337 nm) decrease with increasing relativistic electron energy.
Ocean Barrier Layers in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
Authors: Reeves Eyre J. E. Jack , Van Roekel Luke , Zeng Xubin , Brunke Michael A. , Golaz Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOcean barrier layers (BLs) separate the mixed layer from the top of the thermocline and are able to insulate the mixed layer from entrainment of cold thermocline water. Here, we provide the first global BL assessment in E3SMv1 and two other Earth system models. Compared to observations, models reproduce the global distributions as semipermanent features in some tropical regions and seasonal features elsewhere. However, model BLs are generally too thin in tropical regions and too thick in higher latitudes. BLs' ability to insulate the ocean surface from entrainment of cold thermocline water is most apparent in the tropics. Thus, E3SMv1s BL thickness biases most affect entrainment here. Tropical BLT biases appear driven by atmosphere biases, mainly through the effect of precipitation minus evaporation on mixed layer depth. At higher latitudes BL thickness biases are dominated by thermocline depth errors related to ocean circulation and vertical mixing.
Simultaneous Abiotic Production of Greenhouse Gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in Subtropical Soils
Authors: Liu Jiangong , Hartmann Simon Christoph , Keppler Frank , Lai Derrick Y.F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoils exert considerable influence on the global biogeochemical cycles, but their role in the abiotic production of volatile compounds remains poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated evidence for the abiotic production of three major greenhouse gases (GHGs), namely carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), simultaneously in six different subtropical surface soils under thermal treatment at 30 to 90 °C, wetting, and the addition of hydrogen peroxide. This study identified soils as a novel source of N2O through abiotic processes such as thermal treatment and the oxidation of reactive oxygen species. Our results showed that the abiotic production rate of all three GHGs increased exponentially with temperature, while that of CO2 and CH4 increased linearly with hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Wetting of soil samples could further enhance the rate of abiotic CO2 and N2O production in soils. These findings highlight the potential contribution of abiotic processes in the production of GHGs in subtropical soils and help constrain the uncertainties of the global GHG budgets.
Assimilation of Multiple Data Types to a Regional Ionosphere Model With a 3D‐Var Algorithm (IDA4D)
Authors: Mengist Chalachew Kindie , Ssessanga Nicholas , Jeong Se‐Heon , Kim Jeong‐Heon , Kim Yong Ha , Kwak Young‐Sil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFor the purpose of building a regional (bound 20–60°N in latitude and 110–160°E in longitude) ionospheric nowcast model, we investigated the performance of IDA4D (Ionospheric Data Assimilation Four‐Dimension) technique considering International Reference Ionosphere model as the background. The data utilized in assimilation were slant total electron content (STEC) from 27 ground GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver stations and NmF2 (ionospheric F2 peak density) from five ionosondes and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) Data Analysis Archive Center. The period analyzed covered both geomagnetic quiet and disturbed days (15–18 March 2015). Assimilations were run under the following data combinations (cases): (1) GPS‐STEC's only; (2) GPS‐STEC's and NmF2's from five ionosondes; (3) only NmF2's from five ionosondes; and (4) GPS‐STEC's and NmF2's from both five ionosondes and COSMIC. Results showed that under case 1 the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) in STEC reduced by 44% over the background International Reference Ionosphere values and on averaged over all ionosonde stations in the analysis RMSE values of foF2 (F2layer critical frequency) reduced by 21%. Furthermore, foF2 RMSE values under Case 2 were 36% smaller than those under Case 1. Under Case 4, IDA4D performance improved even further in areas not covered by GPS and ionosonde measurements. Therefore, IDA4D is a potential candidate for regional ionosphere modeling that exhibits improved performance with assimilation of different data types.
Do ADHD-impulsivity and BMI have shared polygenic and neural correlates?
Authors:   IMAGEN Consortium, Barker Edward D , Ing Alex , Biondo Francesca , Jia Tianye , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Du Rietz Ebba , Zhang Yuning , Ruggeri Barbara , Banaschewski Tobias , Hohmann Sarah , Bokde Arun L. W , Bromberg Uli , Büchel Christian , Quinlan Erin Burke , Sounga-Barke Edmund , Bowling April B. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Garavan Hugh , Asherson Philip , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos-Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Smolka Michael N , Vetter Nora C. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is an extensive body of literature linking ADHD to overweight and obesity. Research indicates that impulsivity features of ADHD account for a degree of this overlap. The neural and polygenic correlates of this association have not been thoroughly examined. In participants of the IMAGEN study, we found that impulsivity symptoms and body mass index (BMI) were associated (r = 0.10, n = 874, p = 0.014 FWE corrected), as were their respective polygenic risk scores (PRS) (r = 0.17, n = 874, p = 6.5 × 10−6 FWE corrected). We then examined whether the phenotypes of impulsivity and BMI, and the PRS scores of ADHD and BMI, shared common associations with whole-brain grey matter and the Monetary Incentive Delay fMRI task, which associates with reward-related impulsivity. A sparse partial least squared analysis (sPLS) revealed a shared neural substrate that associated with both the phenotypes and PRS scores. In a last step, we conducted a bias corrected bootstrapped mediation analysis with the neural substrate score from the sPLS as the mediator. The ADHD PRS associated with impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.006, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.019) and BMI (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. The BMI PRS associated with BMI (b = 0.014, 95% CIs = 0.003, 0.033) and impulsivity symptoms (b = 0.009, 90% CIs = 0.001, 0.025) via the neuroimaging substrate. A common neural substrate may (in part) underpin shared genetic liability for ADHD and BMI and the manifestation of their (observable) phenotypic association.
Molecular markers relevant to myocardial injury following dental extraction in patients with and without coronary artery disease
Authors: Habbab K. M. , D’Aiuto F. , Habbab M. A. , Porter S. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize biological changes following dental extractions in patients with and without coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and methodsForty-five patients (36 males and 9 females) referred for dental extraction underwent treatment and provided blood samples before, immediately after, and 24 h after the procedure. A broad array of biomarkers was employed to assess myocardial injury (highly sensitive troponin T, hs-TnT), bacterial burden (LPS endotoxin activity), and systemic inflammation (CRP, fibrinogen, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α).ResultsDental extraction in patients with and without CAD was associated with rises in hs-TnT (p = 0.013), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (p = 0.005), endotoxin activity (p < 0.001), IFN-γ (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001), IL-8 (p = 0.011), and IL-12 (p < 0.001) at 24 h compared with immediately post procedure. Changes in systemic inflammation and endotoxin activity were more evident in those with hs-TnT rise.ConclusionsSimple dental extractions may cause mild increase in hs-TnT, indicating minor myocardial injury in both patients with and without CAD. Acute systemic inflammation and endotoxemia could represent a possible link between invasive dental treatment and increased risk of acute cardiovascular events. These findings indicate that invasive dental treatment (as simple as a single dental extraction) may impact negatively on clinical outcomes in dental patients, especially those with CAD.
Signatures of Mottness and Hundness in archetypal correlated metals
Authors: Deng Xiaoyu , Stadler Katharina M. , Haule Kristjan , Weichselbaum Andreas , von Delft Jan , Kotliar Gabriel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhysical properties of multi-orbital materials depend not only on the strength of the effective interactions among the valence electrons but also on their type. Strong correlations are caused by either Mott physics that captures the Coulomb repulsion among charges, or Hund physics that aligns the spins in different orbitals. We identify four energy scales marking the onset and the completion of screening in orbital and spin channels. The differences in these scales, which are manifest in the temperature dependence of the local spectrum and of the charge, spin and orbital susceptibilities, provide clear signatures distinguishing Mott and Hund physics. We illustrate these concepts with realistic studies of two archetypal strongly correlated materials, and corroborate the generality of our conclusions with a model Hamiltonian study.
Probabilistic controllability approach to metabolic fluxes in normal and cancer tissues
Authors: Schwartz Jean-Marc , Otokuni Hiroaki , Akutsu Tatsuya , Nacher Jose C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent research has shown that many types of cancers take control of specific metabolic processes. We compiled metabolic networks corresponding to four healthy and cancer tissues, and analysed the healthy–cancer transition from the metabolic flux change perspective. We used a Probabilistic Minimum Dominating Set (PMDS) model, which identifies a minimum set of nodes that act as driver nodes and control the entire network. The combination of control theory with flux correlation analysis shows that flux correlations substantially increase in cancer states of breast, kidney and urothelial tissues, but not in lung. No change in the network topology between healthy and cancer networks was observed, but PMDS analysis shows that cancer states require fewer controllers than their corresponding healthy states. These results indicate that cancer metabolism is characterised by more streamlined flux distributions, which may be focused towards a reduced set of objectives and controlled by fewer regulatory elements.