bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host galaxy demographics of individually detectable supermassive black-hole binaries with pulsar timing arrays
Authors: Cella Katharine , Taylor Stephen R , Zoltan Kelley Luke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) produce gravitational waves (GWs) that are detectable with pulsar timing arrays. We determine the properties of the host galaxies of simulated MBHBs at the time they are producing detectable GW signals. The population of MBHB systems we evaluate is from the Illustris cosmological simulations taken in tandem with post processing semi-analytic models of environmental factors in the evolution of binaries. Upon evolving to the GW frequency regime accessible by pulsar timing arrays, we calculate the detection probability of each system using a variety of different values for pulsar noise characteristics in a plausible near-future International Pulsar Timing Array dataset. We find that detectable systems have host galaxies that are clearly distinct from the overall binary population and from most galaxies in general. With conservative noise factors, we find that host stellar metallicity, for example, peaks at

∼

2

Z
⊙

as opposed to the total population of galaxies which peaks at

∼

0.6

Z
⊙

. Additionally, the most detectable systems are much brighter in magnitude and more red in color than the overall population, indicating their likely identity as large ellipticals with diminished star formation. These results can be used to develop effective search strategies for identifying host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts following GW detection by pulsar timing arrays.
Optimizing quantitative photoacoustic imaging systems: the Bayesian Cramér–Rao bound approach
Authors: Scope Crafts Evan , Anastasio Mark A , Villa Umberto 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuantitative photoacoustic computed tomography (qPACT) is an emerging medical imaging modality that carries the promise of high-contrast, fine-resolution imaging of clinically relevant quantities like hemoglobin concentration and blood-oxygen saturation. However, qPACT image reconstruction is governed by a multiphysics, partial differential equation (PDE) based inverse problem that is highly non-linear and severely ill-posed. Compounding the difficulty of the problem is the lack of established design standards for qPACT imaging systems, as there is currently a proliferation of qPACT system designs for various applications and it is unknown which ones are optimal or how to best modify the systems under various design constraints. This work introduces a novel computational approach for the optimal experimental design of qPACT imaging systems based on the Bayesian Cramér–Rao bound (CRB). Our approach incorporates several techniques to address challenges associated with forming the bound in the infinite-dimensional function space setting of qPACT, including priors with trace-class covariance operators and the use of the variational adjoint method to compute derivatives of the log-likelihood function needed in the bound computation. The resulting Bayesian CRB based design metric is computationally efficient and independent of the choice of estimator used to solve the inverse problem. The efficacy of the bound in guiding experimental design was demonstrated in a numerical study of qPACT design schemes under a stylized two-dimensional imaging geometry. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to propose Bayesian CRB based design for systems governed by PDEs.
LDOS of electron pair and the role of the Pauli exclusion principle
Authors: Rusin Tomasz M 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe local density of states (LDOS) for a pair of non-relativistic electrons, influenced by repulsive Coulomb forces, is expressed in term of one-dimensional integrals over Whittaker functions. The computation of the electron pair’s LDOS relies on a two-particle Green’s function (GF), a generalization of the one-particle GF applicable to a charged particle in an attractive Coulomb potential. By incorporating electron spins and considering the Pauli exclusion principle, the resulting LDOS consists of two components: one originating from an exchange-even two-particle GF and the other from an exchange-odd two-particle GF. The calculated LDOS reveals its dependence on both inter-electron distance and energy. The pseudo-LDOS, derived from the two-body contribution to the LDOS, is examined. This term ensures complete LDOS suppression atr = 0, exhibiting a limited spatial extent, and the reasons for its emergence are elucidated. It is shown that for energies exceeding the effective Hartree energy and inter-electron distances beyond the effective Bohr radius, the impact of many-body contributions to the LDOS can be disregarded. The induced LDOS for an electron pair subjected to an attractive contact potential in two dimensions is evaluated. At small distancesafrom the potential center, a predicted relative difference in LDOS between even and odd state pair reaches approximately 8%. The calculated LDOS is compared with available experimental findings from a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). Both exhibit similar oscillation periods; however, the LDOS of the electron pair decays as1/a3, significantly faster than the1/adecay observed for free electrons in a 2DEG.
Chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma: the impact of chronic occupational radiation exposure on incidence and mortality of Mayak nuclear workers
Authors: Zhuntova Galina V , Azizova Tamara V , Bannikova Maria V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The information about the radiation risk of non-cancer respiratory diseases is inconsistent and mainly corresponds to mortality. Previously, the cohort of workers employed at the first Russian nuclear facility Mayak Production Association who were occupationally exposed to gamma rays (externally) and to alpha-active plutonium aerosols (internally) over prolonged periods demonstrated an increased risk of chronic bronchitis (CB) incidence. Within this retrospective cohort study, we performed analyses of incidence of and mortality from CB and bronchial asthma (BA) using improved estimates of radiation doses provided by the ‘Mayak Worker Dosimetry System (MWDS)—2013’. The cohort included 22 377 individuals hired in 1948–1982, and its follow-up was extended by 10 years (to the end of 2018). The excess relative risk of CB incidence per unit of accumulated lung-absorbed radiation dose (ERR/Gy) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were: with the 0 year lag, ERR/Gy was 0.07 (95% CI −0.01, 0.17) for gamma exposure and 0.36 (95% CI 0.13, 0.68) for alpha exposure; with the 10 year lag, ERR/Gy was 0.15 (95% CI 0.04, 0.30) for gamma exposure and 0.54 (95% CI 0.19, 1.03) for alpha exposure. No strong evidence was found indicating that gamma and alpha exposure considerably impacted the risk of mortality from CB. The study confirmed the significant positive linear association of the CB incidence risk with gamma and alpha radiation doses from occupational chronic external and internal exposure. However, the estimates of ERR/Gy of alpha particles from internal exposure appeared to be almost three times lower than those based on the MWDS–2008 doses. The observed inconsistency requires further clarification. As for BA in Mayak workers, no association was demonstrated in the incidence and mortality risks with occupational gamma and alpha radiation exposure.
Raman spectroscopy and SERS for determining the relative age of fossil resins
Authors: Zyubin Andrey , Kundalevich Anna , Zozulya Aleksandr , Demishkevich Elizaveta , Bahdasarau Maksim , Zubareva Stanislava , Byichkova Yana , Ivan Borisov , Bogdan Onishchenko , Mazcova Olga , Samusev Ilia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper presents Raman data from studies on 27 fossil resin samples sourced from different geographical locations and representing various relative ages. Ages ranging from the Late Triassic (T3) to the modern period (Q4) were investigated. The primary method for estimating the age of the resins involved determining the ratio ν(C = C)/σ(CH2), which was 1650–1600 cm−1 and 1450 cm−1 respectively, making it possible to differentiate between fossil resins from T3 and K1 and those from Q and Q4. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, combined with machine learning algorithms, was used to further clarify the differences between the consecutive K1 and K2 ages.
Optical characterization of parasitic motion in a long-stroke shaker
Authors: Strait Jared H , Allen Richard A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present an optical scheme to simultaneously characterize the cross-axis and rotational parasitic motions of a long-stroke shaker. By leveraging the geometric properties of a corner cube retroreflector mounted on the shaker load table, we independently sample pitch, yaw, and horizontal and vertical displacements with sampling rates above 10 kHz. We have applied our optical apparatus to a 400-mm-stroke shaker operated from 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz and present two forms of analysis: (A) Frequency-domain data for the four measured parasitic degrees of freedom, with the resulting implications for accelerometer calibration uncertainties, and (B) extracted trajectories of the shaker table, allowing visualization of the bowed linear guide below 0.5 Hz and higher harmonics and hysteresis above 10 Hz. Our findings demonstrate our optical measurement scheme to be an effective tool for the characterization of parasitic motion for long-stroke shakers. As an example, we determine the ‘gravity error’ in accelerometer calibration with our shaker to be

(
1.3
±
0.1
)

% times the acceleration amplitude at 0.1 Hz, providing a correction to reduce uncertainty from this effect by an order of magnitude.
Finite-β turbulence in Wendelstein 7-X enhanced by sub-threshold kinetic ballooning modes
Authors: Mulholland P. , Pueschel M.J. , Proll J.H.E. , Aleynikova K. , Faber B.J. , Terry P.W. , Hegna C.C. , Nührenberg C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Magnetic fluctuations affecting turbulence and transport, which are manifest at finite normalized plasma pressure β, pose a significant challenge to magnetic confinement fusion devices aiming to achieve high performance. Such regimes are not yet comprehensively understood in stellarator geometry. This work presents simulations of electromagnetic instabilities and high-β turbulence in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, showing how ion-temperature-gradient-driven (ITG) turbulence is enhanced by unconventional kinetic ballooning modes well below the ideal MHD threshold. These sub-threshold KBMs (stKBMs) become strongly excited in the turbulent state and enable higher fluxes via zonal-flow erosion. The threshold of stKBM impact on turbulent fluxes is heavily dependent on the pressure gradient, evidenced here by the enhanced destabilization and fluxes resulting from the inclusion of an electron temperature gradient. Understanding and controlling these stKBMs will be paramount for W7-X and potentially other stellarators to achieve optimal performance.
Green synthesis of AgO nanoparticles using Prosopis Cineraria bark extract and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Kalaivani P. , Mathubala G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The green synthesis of AgO nanoparticles (NP) uses plant elements like terpenoids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, enzymes, flavonoids, lipids, and alkaloids as reducing agents. A biodegradable technique produces silver oxide nanoparticles from Prosopis cineraria bark extract. This paper defines a biologically friendly, simple, cost-free, and predictable production of AgO nanoparticles (NP) from Prosopis cineraria aqueous bark extract, as well as their antibacterial efficacy. Silver oxide nanoparticles (NP) were green-produced with a bark extract of Prosopis cineraria, acting as a cap and reducing agent. The XRD study revealed that the AgO NP was in a face-centered crystal structure with a mean crystal size of 69.95 nm. The colour variations were used to detect the silver oxide nanoparticle forms in the extracts, and the successful manufacture of the AgO NP was validated using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, which captured the SPR peak at approximately 601 nm. AgO NP was studied using an SEM to analyse the nanoparticles’ square shape and size. The antibacterial activities of the green synthesis of AgO NP were verified against gram-positive microorganisms like S. aureus, E. faecalis, and S. pneumoniae, and gram-negative microorganisms like E. coli, P. mirabilis, and P. aeruginosa, and the inhibition zones were found. Finally, the AgO NP produced by Prosopis cineraria bark extract is a valuable source of bioactive natural compounds. AgO NP demonstrated our antibacterial properties, which can be employed in future studies using a variety of biological approaches.
A study on the structural behaviour of Self Sensing Concrete using Nanomaterial as Fillers
Authors: Freeda Christy C. , Aruna Jeyanthi P. , Dhivyalakshmi G. , Darling Helen Lydia D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Concrete technology has recently advanced to the point that different sensors can be used to measure a building’s mechanical attributes, including stress, amount of crack formation, deflection, and in various applications across Civil engineering disciplines. This can be achieved by various techniques or methods to measure the stress and strain of concrete in real-time. One of the methods is self-sensing concrete. To measure the self-sensing characteristics, concrete should be prepared with materials that possess sensing properties. Fibers (Carbon fibers, Steel fibers etc.,) and nanoparticles (nano nickel powder, carbon black powder, graphene powder etc.) are the main sources in the preparation of sensing concrete. This paper reviews the study on various self-sensing materials and methods that can be adopted and the study on the piezoresistive characteristics of concrete. The carbon and steel fiber-based self-sensing concrete were examined for compressive, tensile, and flexural strength as well as the electrical resistivity of the concrete was discussed in this paper.
Exploring the Structural and Optical Properties of MoSe2 for Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Anandh BA. , Shankar Ganesh A. , Nandakumar P. , Saranya D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Efficient energy absorption is critical in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for effective electron collection and mitigation of hole migration. Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) was produced using a simple hydrothermal process and subsequently studied for its structural and optical properties using various techniques, including XRD, RAMAN, FESEM, EDX, UV-Visible, BET, and XPS. The results show that the enhanced crystalline morphology, size, optical band gap, and surface area demonstrate promising attributes for solar cell applications. Furthermore, the I-V investigation reveals that MoSe2-based PSCs achieve a notable efficiency of electricity conversion is 7.97%. The increased performance is because of the greater surface area of MoSe2. which facilitates increased light absorption, and its ability to accelerate charge transfer within the electron transport layer. Moreover, the structural integrity of MoSe2 contributes significantly to its efficacy in converting solar energy into electrical energy. These findings underscore MoSe2 as a compelling candidate for advancing solar cell technologies, offering potential pathways for achieving higher efficiency and reliability in future solar energy systems.
Spatial Analysis of Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Distribution Using Getis-Ord Gi* in DKI Jakarta Region, Indonesia
Authors: Faridah R A N , Hadibasyir H Z , Kiat U E I , Pramono W T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The increasing mobility of population and industry is the main problem in this study, so it will affect the spatial pattern in the distribution of pollutants. The parameters to measure air quality are Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide. This study aims to (1) analyze air quality distribution patterns with SO2 and NO2 concentration parameters in the DKI Jakarta area in 2021, (2) analyze ambient air quality distribution patterns based on air quality threshold values, and (3) analyze the spatial distribution of SO2 and NO2 in the DKI Jakarta area in 2021. The data used for this research is the average concentration data of SO2 and NO2 pollutants in DKI Jakarta in 2021. This research uses the interpolation method using Inverse Distance Weighting and Getis-Ord Gi*. The results of this research show that the concentration of pollutants that have been interpolated using Inverse Distance Weighting produces higher NO2 than SO2. From the interpolated image, a Hot Spot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*) was conducted. This analysis showed significant clustering of nearest neighbors, with high concentrations of SO2 in East Jakarta and NO2 in West Jakarta. Therefore, air quality needs to be monitored and managed to maintain environmental stability.
Aluminium foams prepared using concentrated solar power at Synlight
Authors: Kováčik Jaroslav , Oslanec Peter , Laaber Dmitrij , Galindo José , Rodríguez José , Cañadas Inmaculada 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Possibility to prepare AlSi10 aluminium foams and also gradient aluminium foams using concentrated solar energy was tested experimentally. Moreover, the experiments with incorporating of ductile Advanced Pore Morphology Al1050 foams elements into brittle AlSi10 foam was also investigated. It was possible after certain optimisation of the process to prepare sound AlSi10 foams using the artificial solar energy in Synlight. The prepared foams have the size of 100 mm x 100 mm x 10 mm. The densities of foams were in the range of 0.7 – 1.5 g × cm−3 depending on the density of used Advanced Pore Morphology ductile Al1050 foam elements. Finally, the homogeneity of chosen prepared foams were investigated using X-ray 3D tomography. In the case of composite foams, the local heterogeneities in the structure were observable, especially for Advanced Pore Morphology Al1050 foam elements with density above 1 g × cm−3.
The Influence of Citric Acid on the Corrosion Process of Different Metallic Materials
Authors: Rudenko Nataliia , Dima George-Daniel , Laurențiu Dan Mircea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the results from a study of the corrosion behaviour of different metallic materials, such as copper, aluminium and OL 52 steel in the presences of various concentrations of citric acid added in neutral solution (Na2SO4 0.25 M).
Citric acid (2-hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid) is among the most commonly utilized compounds in the food and beverage sectors. This non-toxic chemical can be derived from natural, renewable sources such as citrus fruits, pineapples, kiwis, raspberries, strawberries, and both black and red currants. Corrosion studies carried out previously demonstrated a mixed effect of citric acid, it can be a good inhibitor for aluminum alloys in a strongly acidic or strongly basic media as well as in neutral NaCl media, for low carbon-steel and copper in an acidic environment, but also, a good, accelerated corrosion agent in an alkaline solution for metals such as iron, copper, zinc and tin.
Potentiodynamic polarization and chronoamperometry techniques were used in the experimental part of this paper to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of the citric acid in test solutions. Also, Tafel method for the kinetic parameters determination for studied corrosion process.
Experimental investigations regarding the anisotropic properties of pre-impregnated woven carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin
Authors: Sîrbu Robert-Cătălin , Coșa Alexandru-Viorel , Negru Radu , Rusu Lucian , Șerban Dan-Andrei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, the variation of the stiffness and strength with the weave pattern orientation of a twill carbon fibre weave pre-impregnated system was investigated. Singe-ply sheets were manufactured using vacuum-assisted curing at a temperature of 120 °C for 8 hours. Specimens were cut at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° respectively, and subjected to tensile tests at room temperature, using a 5mm/min crosshead travel speed. The results show a symmetric variation along the 45° angle, the obtained stiffness values being between 8.53 GPa (at 45°) and around 59 GPa (at 0° and 90°), while the strength varied between 76 MPa (at 45°) and around 700 MPa (at 0° and 90°). In addition, it was observed that specimens oriented at 0° and 90° exhibited a brittle behaviour while the rest where characterized by ductile failure with significant plastic deformations.
Finite element modeling and analysis of tire creep test
Authors: Tchuigwa Baurice Sylvain Sadjiep , Krmela Jan , Pokorný Jan , Krmelová Vladimíra 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The tire is one of the most complex components of the vehicle, which justifies strict standards and regulations set by governments worldwide to ensure the performance, durability, and reliability of tires approved for use in the transport sector. Among these requirements, tire durability testing involves the assessment of short-and long-term tire response to determine optimum conditions of use and service life. Therefore, this paper focuses on the creep performance of tires using the finite element method in ABAQUS. As a case study, a selected tire with visco-hyperelastic rubber compounds and linear elastic reinforcements is subjected to a constant prescribed force for a period of time, and the resulting strain evolution is recorded till the release of the applied load. Several parameters are accounted for, such as the inflation pressure, material characteristic times, and load amplitude. The post-processing of results enabled the prediction of the overall creep response of the tire over time with respect to the prescribed load. The knowledge gained in this study can be exploited to predict tire failure caused by excessive strain and pinpoint the areas of the tire that are the most exposed to creep failure.
Indigenous Moral Economies and the Political Invention of Indigenous Poverty
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the ways in which, before European invasion, Indigenous societies across the Americas had their own cultural beliefs about wealth and strategies for mitigating scarcity. It focuses upon the Aztecs and Maya cultures of Mesoamerica, and the Inca culture in the Andes. It uses the term ‘Indigenous moral ecologies’ to highlight the ways in which Indigenous societies had their own moral economic practices and beliefs which were in dialogue with the natural world. It uses this exploration of Indigenous moral ecologies to highlight the abundance of Indigenous societies as well as their strategies for mitigating scarcity. It then charts the arrival of Europeans, who observed the abundance of Indigenous societies, and the journey of the rhetorical construction of Indigenous people as poor. It traces the way in which the myth of the poverty of Indigenous people came to play a role in the history of political economic thought.