bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LA SUPRÉMATIE DES DROITS ET LIBERTÉS DE LA PERSONNE ET LA QUESTION CONSTITUTIONNELLE AU CANADA
Authors: Proulx Daniel 
Published: May 2019

Le régime fédéral canadien accorde aux deux ordres de gouvernement, fédéral et provincial, une compétence législative en matière de libertés publiques. C’est ce qui explique pourquoi le Canada n’est pas encore doté d’une charte constitutionnelle des droits et libertés : ne pouvant pas en imposer une aux autres, les gouvernements ne se sont jamais entendus non plus sur un projet commun.
Chacun des onze législateurs a néanmoins adopté une loi reconnaissant certains droits fondamentaux. La suprématie de la norme de protection est alors assurée par l’existence d’une clause qui pose que les droits et libertés prévalent sur toute autre loi ordinaire à moins qu’il ne soit précisé dans une telle loi qu’elle s’applique « nonobstant la Déclaration des droits ».
Cette technique législative originale, qui établit un équilibre entre la suprématie parlementaire et la suprématie judiciaire, n’a pas toujours donné les résultats escomptés. Le gouvernement fédéral voudrait donc procéder à la constitutionnalisation d’une charte formelle des droits afin que la norme de protection lie tous les parlements, fédéral comme provinciaux.
Ce projet ne semble pas, à lui seul, devoir changer l’attitude conservatrice de la jurisprudence à l’égard de son rôle de protecteur des libertés fondamentales. Toutefois, si tel devait être le cas, le projet fédéral de constitutionnalisation des droits devrait inclure la clause actuelle établissant un juste équilibre entre la suprématie parlementaire et la suprématie judiciaire. Sinon, les intérêts fondamentaux de la majorité risquent d’être bafoués, ce qui serait d’une gravité singulière pour la majorité francophone du Québec, par ailleurs nettement minoritaire dans un Canada et une Amérique du nord entièrement anglophones.
DE L’IMPACT DE LA CHARTE DES DROITS ET LIBERTÉS DE LA PERSONNE SUR LE DROIT CIVIL DES CONTRATS ET DE LA RESPONSABILITÉ AU QUÉBEC
Authors: Perret Louis 
Published: May 2019

La Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec a un domaine d’application très vaste, car elle protège tout citoyen non seulement contre la discrimination, mais également contre la violation de tous ses autres droits fondamentaux y compris ceux qui n’y sont pas énumérés.
Bien que ceux-ci soient déjà protégés par les principes souples et généraux que contient le Code civil, la Charte ne constitue pas cependant une redondance par rapport à celui-ci : En précisant le contenu de l’ordre public, elle permet de conclure à la nullité des clauses d’exonération de responsabilité. En instituant les dommages et intérêts punitifs dans le cas des fautes intentionnelles, elle remet en cause le caractère purement réparateur de la responsabilité civile, qu’elle couvre d’ailleurs très largement. En créant des procédures particulières en matière de discrimination, elle offre une alternative plus avantageuse à celles déjà offertes par le droit commun, qu’elle ne supprime d’ailleurs pas pour autant.
LE PIQUETAGE
Authors: Mallette Noël 
Published: May 2019

La présente étude des dispositions législatives et critères jurisprudentiels régissant le piquetage en retrace l’histoire au Canada et en Grande-Bretagne. Sa source principale est le Code criminel. Le système juridique civiliste de la province de Québec a intégré, par le biais des décisions des tribunaux, le droit coutumier britannique qui trouvait application dans les autres provinces du Canada.
La législation récente adoptée par certaines législatures provinciales en matière de piquetage a imprimé un nouveau courant au droit du piquetage, qui s’est dissocié quelque peu de l’orientation du droit coutumier et a ainsi limité la discrétion traditionnelle des tribunaux dans leur tâche de délimiter la portée du piquetage.
Le droit canadien du piquetage ne constitue donc pas un ensemble de dispositions homogènes puisqu’il participe à divers régimes juridiques et qu’il tombe sous la compétence de onze législateurs désireux de l’adapter à leurs traits particuliers.
Enfin, le droit du piquetage régit une activité humaine qui trouve cours dans un contexte explosif et il recèle des implications de divers ordres : économiques, psychologiques, politiques, stratégiques, etc., dans un contexte social qui affiche souvent ouvertement son mépris pour la primauté du droit.
Le droit de retrait (« opting out ») avec compensation au Canada et l’article 40 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982
Authors: Morrissette France 
Published: May 2019

La présente étude analysera les différents aspects du droit de retrait avec compensation au Canada. Dans un premier temps, nous étudierons le droit de retrait avec compensation tel qu’il a existé depuis les années 1960 à l’égard de certains programmes à frais partagés de compétence provinciale. Nous expliquerons alors ce droit en faisant un historique de la législation pertinente que nous présenterons en deux périodes, l’une antérieure et l’autre postérieure à 1977.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous pencherons sur le droit de retrait avec compensation prévue à l’article 40 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 qui entre en jeu seulement lors du transfert d’un pouvoir législatif provincial en matière culturelle ou éducative au parlement fédéral. Nous démontrerons que cette disposition constitutionnelle crée une obligation juridique justifiant les tribunaux canadiens à intervenir pour fixer le quantum de la juste compensation qui y est prévue. Le caractère supra-législatif de l’article 40, une comparaison avec les termes utilisés à l’article 36 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982, l’historique législatif du droit de retrait avec compensation depuis 1960 et une analogie avec le droit constitutionnel américain nous conduiront à une telle conclusion.
P.G.Q. et la Régie du logement c. Grondin et al. : marche arrière
justifiée sur un chemin parsemé d’embûches
Authors: Lehoux Grégoire 
Published: May 2019

Dans l’arrêt analysé, qui concerne l’art. 96 de la Loi constitutionnelle de
1867, la Cour suprême du Canada fait marche arrière par rapport à ce qu’elle a décidé
dans deux affaires récentes. L’auteur soutient que ce cheminement est justifié.
Deux questions principales sont soulevées par l’arrêt : 1. L’art. 96 de la Loi
constitutionnelle de 1867 peut-il produire des effets qui diffèrent d’une province à
l’autre ? 2. La Cour suprême amorce-t-elle un retour à sa position traditionnelle à l’égard
des clauses privatives, concernant l’effet de l’art. 96 de la Loi constitutionnelle de
1867 ?
Les conséquences fiscales des « conventions de rachats »
Authors: Boivin Michelle 
Published: May 2019

L’analyse des conséquences fiscales découlant de la signature de la « convention de
rachat » et de sa mise en oeuvre révèle des anomalies importantes qui se traduisent, dans
certaines circonstances, en avantages fiscaux marqués. Nous concluons que la convention de
rachat demeure un instrument juridique extrêmement précieux, en raison de la certitude
qu’elle procure quant à l’exécution en nature des obligations et l’évaluation des actions et
ce, nonobstant les modifications législatives récentes, notamment l’impôt spécial de la
Partie II, le taux réduit du crédit d’impôt pour dividendes et la réduction du prix de base
rajusté de la succession d’un montant équivalent au dividende réputé dans le cas des
« nouvelles polices d’assurance-vie ».
Respiratory Benefits of Multisetting Air Purification in Children
Authors: Lei Jian , Sun Qinghua , Chen Renjie , Zhu Yixiang , Zhou Lu , Xue Xiaowei , Fang Jianlong , Du Yanjun , Wang Yanwen , Li Tiantian , Kan Haidong 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceParticulate matter exposure has been linked to impaired respiratory health in children, but the respiratory benefits of air purification have not been fully elucidated.ObjectivesTo assess the respiratory health outcomes among children exposed to multisetting air purification vs sham purification.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cluster randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted among healthy school-aged children (10-12 years) in China from April to December 2021. Data were analyzed from December 2021 to July 2024.InterventionsA multisetting (both in classrooms and bedrooms) air purification intervention compared with sham purification in a 2-stage intervention with more than 2 months (76 days) for each period and a washout period (88 days) to estimate the respiratory benefits of air purification.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were pulmonary function, airway inflammation markers, and metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) before and after the air purification intervention. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the respiratory benefits of children related to air purification. Differential metabolites in EBC were identified using metabolomics analysis to explore their possible mediation roles.ResultsA total of 79 children (38 male [48%]; mean [SD] age, 10.3 [0.5] years) were included in the statistical analyses. During the study period, the mean (SD) concentration of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at the school site was 32.53 (24.06) μg/m3. The time-weighted personal PM2.5 concentration decreased by 45.14% during the true air purification period (mean [SD], 21.49 [8.72] μg/m3) compared with the sham air purification period (mean [SD], 39.17 [14.25] μg/m3). Air purification improved forced expiratory volume in 1 second by 8.04% (95% CI, 2.15%-13.93%), peak expiratory flow by 16.52% (95% CI, 2.76%-30.28%), forced vital capacity (FVC) by 5.73% (95% CI, 0.48%-10.98%), forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of FVC by 17.22% (95% CI, 3.78%-30.67%), maximal expiratory flow at 75% of FVC by 14.60% (95% CI, 0.35%-28.85%), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC by 17.86% (95% CI, 3.65%-32.06%), and maximal expiratory flow at 25% of FVC by 18.22% (95% CI, 1.73%-34.70%). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide in the true air purification group decreased by 22.38% (95% CI, 2.27%-42.48%). Several metabolites in EBC (eg, L-tyrosine and β-alanine) were identified to mediate the effect of air purification on respiratory health.Conclusions and RelevanceThis randomized clinical trial provides robust and holistic evidence that indoor air purification notably improved pulmonary health in children, highlighting the importance of intensified indoor air purification in regions with high air pollution levels.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04835337.
Clinical Actionability of Genetic Findings in Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Lewis Sara A. , Chopra Maya , Cohen Julie S. , Bain Jennifer M. , Aravamuthan Bhooma , Carmel Jason B. , Fahey Michael C. , Segel Reeval , Wintle Richard F. , Zech Michael , May Halie , Haque Nahla , Fehlings Darcy , Srivastava Siddharth , Kruer Michael C. 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceSingle gene variants can cause cerebral palsy (CP) phenotypes, yet the impact of genetic diagnosis on CP clinical management has not been systematically evaluated.ObjectiveTo evaluate how frequently genetic testing results would prompt changes in care for individuals with CP and the clinical utility of precision medicine therapies.Data SourcesPublished pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in OMIM genes identified with exome sequencing in clinical (n = 1345) or research (n = 496) cohorts of CP were analyzed. A systematic literature review for evidence of effective therapies for specific genetic etiologies was performed.Study SelectionNonstandard interventions that led to a detectable improvement in a defined outcome in individuals with variants in the gene of interest were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisLiterature was evaluated using PRISMA guidelines. A diverse, expert working group was established, scoring rubrics adapted, and scoring consensus built with a modified Delphi approach.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall clinical utility was calculated from metrics assessing outcome severity if left untreated, safety and practicality of the intervention, and anticipated intervention efficacy on a scale from 0 to 3.ResultsOf 1841 patients with CP who underwent exome sequencing, 502 (27%) had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants related to their phenotype. A total of 243 different genes were identified. In 1841 patients with identified genetic etiologies of CP, 140 (8%) had a genetic etiology classified as actionable, defined as prompting a change in clinical management. Also identified were 58 of 243 genes with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants with actionable treatment options: 16 targeting the primary disease mechanism, 16 with specific prevention strategies, and 26 with specific symptom management. The level of evidence was also graded according to ClinGen criteria; 45 of 101 interventions (44.6%) had evidence class D or below. The potential interventions have clinical utility with 98 of 101 outcomes (97%) being moderate-high severity if left untreated and 63 of 101 interventions (62%) predicted to be of moderate-high efficacy. Most interventions (72 of 101 [71%]) were considered moderate-high safety and practicality.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings indicate that actionable genetic findings occurred in 8% of individuals referred for genetic testing with CP. Evaluation of potential efficacy, outcome severity, and intervention safety and practicality indicates moderate-high clinical utility of these genetic findings. Genetic sequencing can identify precision medicine interventions that provide clinical benefit to individuals with CP. The relatively limited evidence base underscores the need for additional research.
Biotic and abiotic stress affects the stability of housekeeping genes in Catla Labeo catla
Authors: Acharya Arpit , Tripathi Gayatri , Rasal Kiran D. , Pathan Mujahidkhan A. , Bhat Raja Aadil Hussain , Dinakaran Chandana , Rathinam R. Bharathi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The choice of a stable reference gene plays a crucial role in gene expression analysis. In most cases, the choice of housekeeping gene (HKG) is quite random. However, the expression of HKGs varies under different experimental conditions and in different tissues.

Methods
The study focused on three reference genes in Catla Labeo catla—beta actin (β-actin), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α)—under four experimental conditions: bacterial challenge, hypoxia, a combination of bacterial challenge and hypoxia, and control. The fish were subjected to the above-mentioned experimental circumstances, and five tissues (blood, gill, liver, kidney, and spleen) were collected at regular intervals.

Result
The investigation of gene expression in the five tissues was performed using real-time (RT) quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the resultant cycle threshold values were subjected to several statistical techniques via the RefFinder tool to determine the most stable HKG. The results were ordered in accordance with the stability of the reference genes. In this study, GAPDH was found to be the least stable gene, while β-actin and EF-1α remained stable in the kidney and liver under various circumstances. Other tissues demonstrated tissue- and treatment-specific stability for the various HKGs.

Conclusion
The findings indicate that GAPDH should be avoided in Catla for gene expression studies and that different algorithms should be employed to validate the stability of HKGs in RT-qPCR analysis.
Gas bubble disease in captive Golden Trevally: Pathological insights and needs for life support system and water quality management
Authors: Hong Won Hee , Choi Ji Yeong , Cho Han Seok , Im Jien , Park Se Chang , Seok Seung Hyeok , Kim Sang Wha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to elucidate the cause of mass mortality in Golden Trevally Gnathanodon speciosus at an aquarium and reports the first instance of gas bubble disease (GBD) in the species. Identifying the factors leading to this mortality event is intended to propose preventive measures for avoiding similar occurrences in the future.

Methods
This case study involved the examination of Golden Trevally displaying symptoms of GBD, including abnormal swimming behavior, lethargy, and visible gas bubble formation in the cornea, aqueous humor, and oral mucosa. Necropsy and histopathology were conducted to assess the internal accumulation of gas bubbles in tissues. The etiology was investigated by analyzing the total dissolved gas (TDG) levels and inspecting the integrity of the water circulation system for structural defects.

Result
The affected Golden Trevally exhibited significant symptoms of GBD. Necropsy and histopathology confirmed the presence of gas bubbles in various tissues throughout the body. The analysis suggested that TDG supersaturation was caused by excessive microbubble formation due to structural defects in the water circulation system.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of practical TDG monitoring and maintaining system integrity to prevent GBD in aquaculture. Effective management of TDG levels is crucial to safeguarding the health of captive aquatic species.
AAPM MPLA case: Betrayal versus disillusionment
Authors: Duggar William N. , Wang Dongxu , Vergalasova Irina , Stambaugh Cassandra , Kim Leonard 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work of fiction depicts a scenario in which a faculty member felt they were criticized unfairly and inappropriately for honesty on a faculty survey, which reflected poorly on administration. The faculty member was left struggling with how to respond to conflicting feelings and perception of misaligned goals and mission. Simultaneously, the department chair felt they were blindsided by issues that could have been addressed without the embarrassment of a poor survey. The intended use of this case, through group discussion, self‐study, or role‐play, is to encourage readers to discuss the situation at hand, inspire professionalism and leadership thinking, and allow the practice of conflict management. Facilitator's notes are available upon request to the MPLA Cases Subcommittee. This case study falls under the scope of and is supported by the Medical Physics Leadership Academy (MPLA), a committee in the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).
All‐Carbon Piezoresistive Sensor: Enhanced Sensitivity and Wide Linear Range via Multiscale Design for Wearable Applications
Authors: Xiang Qixuan , Zhao Guanjie , Tang Tao , Zhang Hao , Liu Zhiyuan , Zhang Xianglong , Zhao Yaping , Tan Huijun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPiezoresistive sensors are indispensable in applications such as healthcare monitoring, artificial intelligence, and advanced communication systems. However, achieving wearable sensors that offer both high sensitivity and a wide linear range remains a significant challenge. Here, an all‐carbon piezoresistive sensor is presented, named, featuring high biocompatibility, chemical stability, environmental sustainability, and a straightforward fabrication process. This sensor, integrating a double‐sided pyramidal carbon aerogel (DPA) as the sensing layer, a silicone frame as the elastic support (ES), and superhydrophobic graphene‐coated nylon fabric as the breathable conductive substrate (BCS), was named as DPA‐ES@BCS. Finite element analysis confirms that the synergistic interaction between the DPA and silicone frame enhances the sensor's sensitivity while extending its linear range. This multiscale design achieves an exceptional sensitivity of 37.3 kPa−1, a broad linear detection ranges from 0 to 1.4 MPa, and outstanding stability over 30 000 cycles. Additionally, the high‐performance wearable sensor is well‐suited for real‐time physiological signal monitoring and demonstrates exceptional capability in voice recognition, accurately distinguishing words using machine learning algorithms. Moreover, the DPA‐ES@BCS sensor array shows great potential for enhancing information security through dual‐factor authentication. This approach not only advances the piezoresistive performance of all‐carbon sensors but also provides a strong foundation for developing next‐generation sensor technologies.
A Light‐Mediated, 3D‐Printable, and Self‐Healable Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Elizalde Fermin , Trano Sabrina , Ayestarán Jon , de Pariza Xabier Lopez , Aguirresarobe Robert , Francia Carlotta , Mecerreyes David , Sardon Haritz , Bella Federico 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSelf‐healing materials solutions and rapid prototyping approaches are actively searched to improve the safety and the production processes of batteries at the gigascale. Here, a self‐reparable polymer electrolyte designed into 3D‐printable ink formulation for digital light processing is shown. For this purpose, covalent adaptable networks containing hindered urea dynamic bonds end‐capped with photopolymerizable methacrylate groups are designed and investigated in terms of dynamicity and self‐healing properties. Electrochemical performance of the electrolytes is tested and compared with a commercially available benchmark, showing in all cases superior electrolyte uptake, ionic conductivities, and full specific capacity recovery after being cut in operando. This work brings the first self‐healable and 3D‐photoprinted electrolyte system for lithium batteries, at once ensuring safety, performance, and upscalability; the concept is also exploitable in lithium‐mediated ammonia electrosynthesis.
Beyond the requirement: A novel patient follow‐up report
Authors: Allan Jack A. , Repanshek Zachary , Healy Megan E. , DeAngelis Michael , Satz Wayne A. , Ufberg Jacob W. , Schreyer Kraftin E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundResidents are required to participate in practice‐based learning and improvement. Most commonly, a resident‐initiated patient follow‐up log is used to meet the requirement. We sought to provide residents with follow‐up information in an efficient, value‐added manner via a patient follow‐up report (PFUR).MethodsThe PFUR is an automated monthly report sent to individual residents via email. It was generated from the electronic medical record and included five categories of cases: patients who were discharged and returned for admission within 72 h, diagnosis‐based criteria, patients who expired during the hospital stay, patients who were admitted to or upgraded to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 24 h of admission, and patients independently flagged by the care team for follow‐up. The PFURs were analyzed for 6 months after implementation for number and categorization of cases included as well as via survey of the residents.ResultsIn 6 months, 1078 patients, generating 1155 follow‐ups, were included on the PFUR. ICU upgrades were the most represented category (41%), followed by diagnosis‐based criteria (30%). Patients who were discharged and admitted within 72 h were least commonly represented on the PFUR (2%). Seventy‐eight percent of residents felt that patient follow‐ups were valuable to their education and 82% felt that the PFUR impacted the clinical care they provided. The PFUR was preferred by 90% of resident respondents and had an average value rating of 4.38 out of 5.ConclusionsOverall numbers of patient follow‐ups significantly increased after implementation of the PFUR. Certain categories were more represented overall and within each class, which has implications for future educational initiatives. After a pilot period, the novel PFUR appears to be more efficient, accessible, and highly valued than the log used previously. Programs looking to maximize the educational benefits of patient follow‐ups may consider a similar initiative.