bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HAN‐Based Green Propellant, SHP163 – Its R&D and Test in Space
Authors: Hori Keiichi , Katsumi Toshiyuki , Sawai Shujiro , Azuma Nobuyuki , Hatai Keigo , Nakatsuka Junichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHAN‐based green liquid propellant, SHP163 is tested in space at the Rapid Innovative Payload Demonstration Satellite (RAPIS) project. The first RAPIS satellite, RAPIS‐1, was successfully launched with six other small satellites on January 18th, 2019 by the Epsilon‐4 launcher. In addition, the thruster of the 1 N Green Propellant Reaction Control System (GPRCS) fueled with SHP163 was installed on RAPIS‐1, which has started its operation in space. The first injection was performed on February 18th, 2019 for 20 s, and the combustion was recognized with an increase in temperature of the catalyst bed and the increment of semi‐major axis of the satellite. The combustion efficiency evaluated using the semi‐major axis data was more than 80 %. The test in space will continue till the end of January 2020, setting the full success at 3,000 s of accumulated operation time and 10,000 times pulse mode burn.
Microscopic Determination of Carrier Density and Mobility in Working Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Mariani Federica , Conzuelo Felipe , Cramer Tobias , Gualandi Isacco , Possanzini Luca , Tessarolo Marta , Fraboni Beatrice , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Scavetta Erika 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of electrochemical and physical phenomena originating the response of electrolyte‐gated transistors is crucial for improved handling and design of these devices. However, the lack of suitable tools for direct investigation of microscale effects has hindered the possibility to bridge the gap between experiments and theoretical models. In this contribution, a scanning probe setup is used to explore the operation mechanisms of organic electrochemical transistors by probing the local electrochemical potential of the organic film composing the device channel. Moreover, an interpretative model is developed in order to highlight the meaning of electrochemical doping and to show how the experimental data can give direct access to fundamental device parameters, such as local charge carrier concentration and mobility. This approach is versatile and provides insight into the organic semiconductor/electrolyte interface and useful information for materials characterization, device scaling, and sensing optimization.
Influence of Chain Architecture on Nanopore Accessibility in Polyelectrolyte Block‐Co‐Oligomer Functionalized Mesopores
Authors: Brilmayer Robert , Hess Christian , Andrieu‐Brunsen Annette 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFunctionalized ordered mesoporous silica materials are commonly investigated for applications such as drug release, sensing, and separation processes. Although, various homopolymer functionalized responsive mesopores are reported, little focus has been put on copolymers in mesopores. Mesoporous silica films are functionalized with responsive and orthogonally charged block‐co‐oligomers. Responsive 2‐dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)‐block‐2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphate (DMAEMA‐b‐MEP) block‐co‐oligomers are introduced into mesoporous films using controlled photoiniferter initiated polymerization. This approach allows a very flexible charge composition design. The obtained block‐co‐oligomer functionalized mesopores show a complex gating behavior indicating a strong interplay between the different blocks emphasizing the strong influence of charge distribution inside mesopores on ionic pore accessibility. For example, in contrast to mesopores functionalized with zwitterionic polymers, DMAEMA‐b‐MEP block‐co‐oligomer functionalized mesopores, containing two oppositely charged blocks, do not show bipolar ion exclusion, demonstrating the influence of the chain architecture on mesopore accessibility. Furthermore, ligand binding–based selective gating is strongly influenced by this chain architecture as demonstrated by an expansion of pore accessibility states for block‐co‐oligomer functionalized mesopores as compared to the individual polyelectrolyte functionalization for calcium induced gating.
On‐Demand Droplet Collection for Capturing Single Cells
Authors: Nan Lang , Lai Man Yuk Alison , Tang Matthew Yuk Heng , Chan Yau Kei , Poon Leo Lit Man , Shum Ho Cheung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDroplet‐based microfluidic techniques are extensively used in efficient manipulation and genome‐wide analysis of individual cells, probing the heterogeneity among populations of individuals. However, the extraction and isolation of single cells from individual droplets remains difficult due to the inevitable sample loss during processing. Herein, an automated system for accurate collection of defined numbers of droplets containing single cells is presented. Based on alternate sorting and dispensing in three branch channels, the droplet number can be precisely controlled down to single‐droplet resolution. While encapsulating single cells and reserving one branch as a waste channel, sorting can be seamlessly integrated to enable on‐demand collection of single cells. Combined with a lossless recovery strategy, this technique achieves capture and culture of individual cells with a harvest rate of over 95%. The on‐demand droplet collection technique has great potential to realize quantitative processing and analysis of single cells for elucidating the role of cell‐to‐cell variations.
Monitoring the State‐of‐Charge of a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery with the Acoustic Attenuation Coefficient: An In Operando Noninvasive Method
Authors: Zang Xiaoqin , Yan Litao , Yang Yang , Pan Huilin , Nie Zimin , Jung Ki Won , Deng Zhiqun Daniel , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRedox flow battery technology has been increasingly recognized as a promising option for large‐scale grid energy storage. Access to high‐fidelity information on the health status of the electrolyte, including the state‐of‐charge (SOC), is vital to maintaining optimal and economical battery operation. In this study, an ultrasonic probing cell that can be used to measure SOC in real time is designed. This unprecedented, new measurement approach overcomes the influence of varying temperatures by measuring the acoustic attenuation coefficient of the redox flow battery electrolyte online and noninvasively. The new approach is used to estimate the SOC of a vanadium redox flow battery in operando from measured acoustic properties. The accuracy of the SOC estimated from the acoustic properties is validated against SOC calculated by the titration method. The results show that the acoustic attenuation coefficient is a robust parameter for SOC monitoring, with a maximum error of 4.8% and extremely low sensitivity to temperature, while sound speed appears to be less accurate in the benchmark‐inference method, with a maximum error of 22.5% and high sensitivity to temperature. The acoustic measurement approach has great potential for inexpensive real‐time SOC monitoring of redox flow battery operations.
A survey of logical realism
Authors: Tahko Tuomas E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLogical realism is a view about the metaphysical status of logic. Common to most if not all the views captured by the label ‘logical realism’ is that logical facts are mind- and language-independent. But that does not tell us anything about the nature of logical facts or about our epistemic access to them. The goal of this paper is to outline and systematize the different ways that logical realism could be entertained and to examine some of the challenges that these views face. It will be suggested that logical realism is best understood as a metaphysical view about the logical structure of the world, but this raises an important question: does logical realism collapse into standard metaphysical realism? It will be argued that this result can be accommodated, even if it cannot be altogether avoided.
Chloroprocaine Provides Safe, Effective, Short-Acting Spinal Anesthesia Ideal for Ambulatory Surgeries: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Kim David H. , Kahn Richard , Lee Andrew , Mac Phuong Dinh , Chiu Yu-fen , Yadeau Jacques , Liu Jiabin 
Published: August 2019

Background The ideal local anesthetic for use in ambulatory spinal anesthesia is safe, with minimal adverse effects, and of a duration that does not impede post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge. Since its approval for use in spinal anesthesia in Europe in 2012, chloroprocaine has seen a resurgence. Recent studies have investigated the safety and efficacy of preservative-free chloroprocaine for use in spinal anesthesia, but few provide the incidence of adverse events such as urinary retention and transient neurologic symptoms. Questions/Purposes We sought to assess the safety of chloroprocaine for spinal anesthesia, including the incidence of adverse events and the duration and quality of its use, in the initial 6 months of its use at our institution. We hypothesized that chloroprocaine would provide effective spinal anesthesia for orthopedic cases of short duration, with a low rate of complications. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients from June to December 2016 at our institution who had ambulatory knee arthroscopy or foot procedures in which chloroprocaine spinal anesthesia was used. For all 445 charts analyzed, data were collected on anesthesia characteristics, office visits, nursing PACU assessment, and nursing post-operative day 1 follow-up phone calls. Results The median chloroprocaine dosage was 44 mg (interquartile range [IQR], 40 to 50). The median duration of sensory block was 156 min (IQR, 128 to 189) and of motor block was 148 min (IQR, 123 to 181). Time to ambulation was 186 min (IQR, 158 to 218) and time to meeting of discharge criteria was 218 min (IQR, 189 to 250). The most common adverse events in the PACU were bradycardia and hypotension. No patients had urinary retention or transient neurologic symptoms. Conclusions In 6 months of use at our institution, chloroprocaine provided safe and effective spinal anesthesia for short orthopedic procedures, with no incidence of transient neurologic symptoms, neuropraxia, or urinary retention.
Mortality and Macroeconomic Conditions: What Can We Learn From France?
Authors: Brüning Max , Thuilliez Josselin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study uses aggregate panel data on French départements to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and mortality from 1982 to 2014. We find no consistent relationship between macroeconomic conditions and all-cause mortality in France. The results are robust across different specifications, over time, and across different geographic levels. However, we find that heterogeneity across age groups and mortality causes matters. Furthermore, in areas with a low average educational level, a large population, and a high share of migrants, mortality is significantly countercyclical. Similar to the case in the United States, the relationship between the unemployment rate and mortality seems to have moved from slightly procyclical to slightly countercyclical over the period of analysis.
Legacy of Holocene Landscape Changes on Soil Biogeochemistry: A Perspective From Paleo‐Active Layers in Northwestern Canada
Authors: Lacelle Denis , Fontaine Marielle , Pellerin André , Kokelj Steve V. , Clark Ian D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent climate warming is contributing to permafrost degradation and vegetation change; however, little is known about the legacy of Holocene landscape change on contemporary soil biogeochemical conditions. In permafrost soils of northwestern Canada, widespread permafrost degradation occurred during the early Holocene warm interval and its impacts on soil biogeochemistry are archived in the paleo‐active layer. Here we show contrasting profiles of soil soluble chemistry and organic carbon composition at sites affected by different types of permafrost degradation. At sites that experienced increased depth of thaw, the relict active layer contained a lower abundance of soluble ions than the underlying undisturbed permafrost; however, both the relict active layer and undisturbed permafrost contained mainly old recalcitrant organics suggesting that minor microbial degradation of organics had occurred. At sites that experienced past thaw slumping, the relict active layer had a higher solute content and contained both young‐degradable and old‐recalcitrant organics due to the integration of slumped surface organic mats into the colluvial soils or vegetation re‐colonizing the surface of the former slump. Our results show that permafrost degradation that occurred during the early to mid‐Holocene have preconditioned the biogeochemical conditions in near‐surface permafrost soils such that significant local variability exist following past landscape changes. Thus, determining the state of soil soluble chemistry and SOC in permafrost should be done within a paleo‐landscape change framework to better forecast CO2–CH4 emissions and solutes release from thawing permafrost.
Constraining Climate Model Projections of Regional Precipitation Change
Authors: Zhang Bosong , Soden Brian J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs communities prepare for the impacts of climate change, policy makers and stakeholders increasingly require locally resolved projections of future climate. Statistical downscaling uses low‐resolution outputs from climate models and historical observations to both enhance the spatial resolution and correct for systematic biases. By examining the downscaled rainfall over land, we show that although bias corrections are effective in reducing biases in the current climate, they do not reduce the intermodel spread in future rainfall projections. This failure stems from the strong dependence of future rainfall change upon the current climatological rainfall patterns. Even after bias corrections are applied, the downscaled projections of precipitation change retain this dependence upon their native climatology. However, we show that this dependence can be exploited; even very simple methods to subset models according to their ability to resolve the observed rainfall climatology can substantially reduce the intermodel spread in rainfall projections.
Comparing Convective Self‐Aggregation in Idealized Models to Observed Moist Static Energy Variability Near the Equator
Authors: Beucler Tom , Abbott Tristan H. , Cronin Timothy W. , Pritchard Michael S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIdealized convection‐permitting simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium have become a popular tool for understanding the physical processes leading to horizontal variability of tropical water vapor and rainfall. However, the applicability of idealized simulations to nature is still unclear given that important processes are typically neglected, such as lateral water vapor advection by extratropical intrusions, or interactive ocean coupling. Here, we exploit spectral analysis to compactly summarize the multiscale processes supporting convective aggregation. By applying this framework to high‐resolution reanalysis data and satellite observations in addition to idealized simulations, we compare convective‐aggregation processes across horizontal scales and data sets. The results affirm the validity of the radiative‐convective equilibrium simulations as an analogy to the real world. Column moist static energy tendencies share similar signs and scale selectivity in convection‐permitting models and observations: Radiation increases variance at wavelengths above 1,000 km, while advection damps variance across wavelengths, and surface fluxes mostly reduce variance between 1,000 and 10,000 km.
A severe form of Ellis-van Creveld syndrome caused by novel mutations in EVC2
Authors: Ohashi Ikuko , Enomoto Yumi , Naruto Takuya , Tsurusaki Yoshinori , Kuroda Yukiko , Ishikawa Hiroshi , Ohyama Makiko , Aida Noriko , Nishimura Gen , Kurosawa Kenji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEllis-van Creveld syndrome (EvC MIM. #225500) is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterised by thoracic hypoplasia, cardiac anomalies, acromesomelic limb shortening, and postaxial polydactyly. Affected individuals commonly manifest with cardiorespiratory failure as neonates but generally survive neonatal difficulties. We report here on affected Japanese sibs with a lethal phenotype of EvC caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations of EVC2, c.871-3 C > G and c.1991dupA.
Profiling surface proteins on individual exosomes using a proximity barcoding assay
Authors: Wu Di , Yan Junhong , Shen Xia , Sun Yu , Thulin Måns , Cai Yanling , Wik Lotta , Shen Qiujin , Oelrich Johan , Qian Xiaoyan , Dubois K. Louise , Ronquist K. Göran , Nilsson Mats , Landegren Ulf , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExosomes have been implicated in numerous biological processes, and they may serve as important disease markers. Surface proteins on exosomes carry information about their tissues of origin. Because of the heterogeneity of exosomes it is desirable to investigate them individually, but this has so far remained impractical. Here, we demonstrate a proximity-dependent barcoding assay to profile surface proteins of individual exosomes using antibody-DNA conjugates and next-generation sequencing. We first validate the method using artificial streptavidin-oligonucleotide complexes, followed by analysis of the variable composition of surface proteins on individual exosomes, derived from human body fluids or cell culture media. Exosomes from different sources are characterized by the presence of specific combinations of surface proteins and their abundance, allowing exosomes to be separately quantified in mixed samples to serve as markers for tissue-specific engagement in disease.
A conserved regulatory program initiates lateral plate mesoderm emergence across chordates
Authors: Prummel Karin D. , Hess Christopher , Nieuwenhuize Susan , Parker Hugo J. , Rogers Katherine W. , Kozmikova Iryna , Racioppi Claudia , Brombacher Eline C. , Czarkwiani Anna , Knapp Dunja , Burger Sibylle , Chiavacci Elena , Shah Gopi , Burger Alexa , Huisken Jan , Yun Maximina H. , Christiaen Lionel , Kozmik Zbynek , Müller Patrick , Bronner Marianne , Krumlauf Robb , Mosimann Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiovascular lineages develop together with kidney, smooth muscle, and limb connective tissue progenitors from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). How the LPM initially emerges and how its downstream fates are molecularly interconnected remain unknown. Here, we isolate a pan-LPM enhancer in the zebrafish-specific draculin (drl) gene that provides specific LPM reporter activity from early gastrulation. In toto live imaging and lineage tracing of drl-based reporters captures the dynamic LPM emergence as lineage-restricted mesendoderm field. The drl pan-LPM enhancer responds to the transcription factors EomesoderminA, FoxH1, and MixL1 that combined with Smad activity drive LPM emergence. We uncover specific activity of zebrafish-derived drl reporters in LPM-corresponding territories of several chordates including chicken, axolotl, lamprey, Ciona, and amphioxus, revealing a universal upstream LPM program. Altogether, our work provides a mechanistic framework for LPM emergence as defined progenitor field, possibly representing an ancient mesodermal cell state that predates the primordial vertebrate embryo.
Molecular profiling of tissue biopsies reveals unique signatures associated with streptococcal necrotizing soft tissue infections
Authors: Thänert Robert , Itzek Andreas , Hoßmann Jörn , Hamisch Domenica , Madsen Martin Bruun , Hyldegaard Ole , Skrede Steinar , Bruun Trond , Norrby-Teglund Anna ,   INFECT study group, Oppegaard Oddvar , Rath Eivind , Nedrebø Torbjørn , Arnell Per , Rosen Anders , Polzik Peter , Hansen Marco Bo , Svensson Mattias , Snäll Johanna , Karlsson Ylva , Nekludov Michael , Medina Eva , Pieper Dietmar H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNecrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are devastating infections caused by either a single pathogen, predominantlyStreptococcus pyogenes, or by multiple bacterial species. A better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these different NSTI types could facilitate faster diagnostic and more effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we integrate microbial community profiling with host and pathogen(s) transcriptional analysis in patient biopsies to dissect the pathophysiology of streptococcal and polymicrobial NSTIs. We observe that the pathogenicity of polymicrobial communities is mediated by synergistic interactions between community members, fueling a cycle of bacterial colonization and inflammatory tissue destruction. InS. pyogenesNSTIs, expression of specialized virulence factors underlies infection pathophysiology. Furthermore, we identify a strong interferon-related response specific toS. pyogenesNSTIs that could be exploited as a potential diagnostic biomarker. Our study provides insights into the pathophysiology of mono- and polymicrobial NSTIs and highlights the potential of host-derived signatures for microbial diagnosis of NSTIs.
EZHIP constrains Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 activity in germ cells
Authors: Ragazzini Roberta , Pérez-Palacios Raquel , Baymaz Irem H. , Diop Seynabou , Ancelin Katia , Zielinski Dina , Michaud Audrey , Givelet Maëlle , Borsos Mate , Aflaki Setareh , Legoix Patricia , Jansen Pascal W. T. C. , Servant Nicolas , Torres-Padilla Maria-Elena , Bourc’his Deborah , Fouchet Pierre , Vermeulen Michiel , Margueron Raphaël 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Polycomb group of proteins is required for the proper orchestration of gene expression due to its role in maintaining transcriptional silencing. It is composed of several chromatin modifying complexes, including Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which deposits H3K27me2/3. Here, we report the identification of a cofactor of PRC2, EZHIP (EZH1/2 Inhibitory Protein), expressed predominantly in the gonads. EZHIP limits the enzymatic activity of PRC2 and lessens the interaction between the core complex and its accessory subunits, but does not interfere with PRC2 recruitment to chromatin. Deletion of Ezhip in mice leads to a global increase in H3K27me2/3 deposition both during spermatogenesis and at late stages of oocyte maturation. This does not affect the initial number of follicles but is associated with a reduction of follicles in aging. Our results suggest that mature oocytes Ezhip−/− might not be fully functional and indicate that fertility is strongly impaired in Ezhip−/− females. Altogether, our study uncovers EZHIP as a regulator of chromatin landscape in gametes.
Liquid biopsy-based single-cell metabolic phenotyping of lung cancer patients for informative diagnostics
Authors: Li Ziming , Wang Zhuo , Tang Yin , Lu Xiang , Chen Jie , Dong Yu , Wu Baojun , Wang Chunying , Yang Liu , Guo Zhili , Xue Min , Lu Shun , Wei Wei , Shi Qihui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccurate prediction of chemo- or targeted therapy responses for patients with similar driver oncogenes through a simple and least-invasive assay represents an unmet need in the clinical diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Using a single-cell on-chip metabolic cytometry and fluorescent metabolic probes, we show metabolic phenotyping on the rare disseminated tumor cells in pleural effusions across a panel of 32 lung adenocarcinoma patients. Our results reveal extensive metabolic heterogeneity of tumor cells that differentially engage in glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation. The cell number ratio of the two metabolic phenotypes is found to be predictive for patient therapy response, physiological performance, and survival. Transcriptome analysis reveals that the glycolytic phenotype is associated with mesenchymal-like cell state with elevated expression of the resistant-leading receptor tyrosine kinase AXL and immune checkpoint ligands. Drug targeting AXL induces a significant cell killing in the glycolytic cells without affecting the cells with active mitochondrial oxidation.