bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smart Production Surveillance: Production Monitoring and Optimization Using Integrated Digital Oil Field
Authors: Al-Subaiei Dalal , Al-Hamer Mohammad , Al-Zaidan Ahmed , Nawaz Mohammad Sami 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The change in global oil price has led Oil producing companies to chase each and every barrel of oil either through optimizing their production or through minimizing the production losses pertaining to various reasons. The Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) has a vision to increase its production to 4 MMBOPD by year 2030. To fulfill this vision KOC has designed a Digital Oil Field system which is unique in world in various aspects. This Digital Oil Field is designed to achieve two main objectives, first objective is to minimize the oil production losses associated with downtime and second objective is to optimize the oil production at network and field level. To achieve its first objective KOC designed various workflows to chase the losses and identify its root cause. Once the root cause is identified the issue are fixed in minimum possible time.
The workflows designed to achieve this objective were all combined under one main workflow Smart Production Surveillance (SPS). The Smart Production Surveillance comprises of various sub-workflows taking care of various elements which affect or may affect the production. The idea behind the SPS design was to capture the main reasons for production losses, report them as quickly as possible resolve the issue in time and resume the production back to normal. Also as a proactive active approach where prediction of issue is done through alarms and warnings system. For this purpose smart alarms are designed based on experience in Oil Field. These alarms help analyze the issues at well level and pin points the major issues. The objective of the Digital Oil Field system is to improve the oil production by optimization. This objective was met by designing an extensive surface network model comprises of seven gathering centers for seven fields. To run this network model around twelve hundred well models were prepared which acts as an engine for optimization calculations.
Implementation of Integrated Reservoir Reviews in North Kuwait
Authors: Muñoz Rojas Alberto , Benham Philip , Al-Hajeri Nasser , Ochoa Contreras Sandy , Salakhetdinov Ravil , Plokhotnichenko Oleg , Al-Quoud Khaled Jamal , Gupta Prakash , James Andrew , Crawford Adrian , Al-Khalid Dhuha Mohammad , Al-Mufarrej Mishal , Al-Mutari Fahad , Al-Qattan Sara Jaber 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article describes both the implementation of a structured review process of field performance for managing an existing waterflood in North Kuwait and summarizes how this process can lead to enhanced oil recovery. The aim of the review process, applied to the Upper Burgan and Zubair in the Raudhatain field, is to enhance understanding of the reservoir performance, through the movement of the injected water, and the impact on produced oil based on increasing sweep efficiency. This methodology will identify unswept oil and opportunities to mobilize it to be pushed towards the production wells by enhancing the effectiveness of the injected water to maximize recovery. In this work, we describe a systematic approach, callled WRFM, which is in summary an integrated geology, reservoir engineering and field management review process of all available data in a field. This process has been developed with the purpose of identifying opportunities at both well and pattern level to enhance water injection effectiveness in specific layers of a multi-stacked reservoir field.
Conquering Wellbore Instability in Kuwait
Authors: Haddad Hassan , Al-Khaja Mohamed Jassem , Saffar Ali Hussein , Raturi Sushil Kumar , Aleem Bahaa Abdul , Samak Mohamed , ElSeheemy ElSayed Ibrahim , Barsoum Victor , Abdelaziz Rami , Rockwood Jene 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo reach many of the world's petroleum-rich formations, drilling must first penetrate challenging shale formations where wellbore instability frequently results in costly stuck pipe, lost circulation, non-productive time, and expensive sidetracks. One technology gaining traction through successful field usage is a wellbore stabilizing agent (WSA) to limit the invasion of drilling fluid and wellbore pressure into the formation. Using a WSA can assist in stabilizing shales, delivering trouble-free drilling, and reduce losses and non-productive time.The drilling team was assigned a challenging well involving the Mutriba Formation, a shale-limestone formation notorious for stuck pipe and lost circulation. Focusing on wellbore stability and minimizing of the destabilizing nature of invasive drilling fluid and wellbore pressure, the team utilized a wellbore stabilizing agent to stop fluid invasion at the borehole wall. This barrier, or "shield", minimizes formation damage and mitigates fracture growth which can lead to destabilization of the wellboreConstant monitoring and additions of the wellbore stabilizing agent resulted in a thin, tight, flexible HTHP filtercake and wellbore stability while drilling this challenging formation. The entire section through the Mutriba Formation was drilled with 100% returns and later casing was run without problems. No adverse wellbore conditions were encountered while tripping or drilling, and no non-productive time was lost in stuck pipe or lost circulation events. When compared to the offset well, the successful well using the wellbore stabilizing agent came in 7 days ahead of schedule and with a cost savings of more than 21% for the Mutriba section.Controlling wellbore instability, especially in shale and shale-composite formations, is a key element of successful drilling in many fields across the globe. Information on field-proven technologies, such as this wellbore stabilizing agent, are important to the continual improvement of drilling fluid to safely drill similar fields around the world.
A New Tool for Long-Term Monitoring and Management of Kuwait Oil Company KOC Reservoirs through Reservoir Management Performance Index RMPI Concept and Best Practices
Authors: Al-Ghnemi Mohammad , Al-Bahar Mohammad , Al-Najdi Ali , Kumar Ashish , Bora Anup , Chandan Thakuria , Al-Ruwayeh Jarrah , AlSaidi Malek , AlRashed Shareefah , AlOmran AlHawraa , Singh Bharat , Kansao Rami , Surendra Meher , Sucimez Sander 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Maintaining and sustaining reservoir performance and health is a priority that requires ongoing assurance activities that will maximize recovery up to industry best practices. An automated and integrated reservoir performance tool has been developed to provide high-level assurances at both the reservoir and asset level. The Reservoir Management Performance Index (RMPI) is a set of indices that can identify key performance issues involving several aspects of the reservoir'sdevelopment and operational plans. This tool identifies mitigating measures that require action, assures production sustainability, promotes a reservoir-focused organization, and standardizes the reservoir performance evaluation in an organization.
RMPIprovides a high-level overview and a platform for all management and operation levels, where observing the same set of results can initiate collective decisions that improve reservoir management. Such a system was developed for a company to monitor and measure the performance against expected standards and forecasts for the large number of reservoirs in its portfolio. This tool measures multiple aspects of reservoir management grouped into four major categories: Energy Management, Forcasting Relaibility, Reserves Management and Operations.
The tool is tailored to account for various aspects such as: stage of maturity of the reservoir, primary or secondary depletion stage, etc. Each category consists of multiple individual metrics that combine actual field data with targets/forecasts and use an algorithm to calculate a score.
These scores are weighted and aggregated for an overall score in each category and an overall score for the asset/reservoir itself. Several aspects accounted for in the metrics include (but not limited to): pressure management, voidage replacement, water and gas management, production and injection performance, reserves promotion and replacement, current RF, EURF, drilling and workover efficiency, Well-Up time, etc.
Analysis on the associated factors of drop-out from HIV antiviral treatment in Kunming City
Authors: Liao Bin , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Wang Jing-Ying , Liu Jun , Liang Jun , He Wen-Jie , Hong Biao , LI YI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background:With the implementation of national anti-viral treatment and expanded treatment policies, the number of HIV-infected people receiving anti-viral treatment is increasing, and the number of people drop out of ART is also increasing year by year in Kunming. Thus,the aim of this study was to investigate the causes and influencing factors of drop out in treatment of HIV infection in Kunming and to explore the countermeasures to reduce the rate of drop out.Methods:Using convenient sampling method, the HIV infected people found in Kunming as of August 31, 2018 were selected.187 patients who had received antiviral treatment were treated as the treatment group, and 252 patients who had received antiviral treatment but drop out were treated as the drop out group.Results:Multivariate analysis shows that geographical division, monthly income, whether or not to receive minimum living allowance, and referral methods of follow-up institutions are the factors that affect the drop out of antiviral treatment of HIV infected persons. Conclusion:To increase the attention of vulnerable patients in ART, patients with adverse reactions to treatment drugs should be treated or replaced in a timely manner, and AIDS-related medical services and government support should be strengthened in order to reduce the rate of drop out.
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study of Auricular Point Acupressure to Manage Chronic Low Back Pain in Older Adults: Study Protocol
Authors: Yeh Chao Hsing , Li Cuicui , Glick Ronald , Schlenk Elizabeth A. , Albers Kathryn , Suen Lorna Kwai-Ping , Lukkahatai Nada , Salen Nicole , Pandiri Sonaali , Ma Weixia , Perrin Nancy , Morone Natalia E. , Christo Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a major health problem and the most common pain condition among those 60 years of age or older in the US. Despite the development of pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, cLBP outcomes have not improved and disability rates continue to rise. This study aims to test auricular point acupressure (APA) as a non-invasive, nonpharmacological self-management strategy to manage cLBP and to address current shortcomings of cLBP treatment. Methods: For this prospective randomized controlled study, participants will be randomly assigned into three groups: (1) APA (active points related to cLBP), (2) Comparison Group -1 (non-active points, unrelated to cLBP), (3) Comparison Group-2 (enhanced educational control, an educational booklet on cLBP will be given and the treatment used by participants for their cLBP will be recorded). The ecological momentary assessment smartphone app will be used to collect real-time cLBP outcomes and adherence to APA practice. Treatment and nonspecific psychological placebo effects will be measured via questionnaires for all participants. This proposed trial will evaluate the APA sustained effects for cLBP at 12-month follow-up. Monthly phone follow-up will be used to collect study outcomes. Blood will be collected during study visits at baseline, post-APA treatment, and follow-up study visits at 1-, 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months post-completion of treatment for a total of 7 assessments. Appointments will start between 9 and 11 am to control for circadian variation in cytokine levels. Discussion: This study is expected to provide vital information on the efficacy, sustainability, and underlying mechanism of APA on cLBP necessary for APA to gain acceptance from both healthcare providers and patients, which would provide a strong impetus for including APA as part of cLBP management in clinical and home settings. Trial registration: NCT03589703, Registered on May 22, 2018
Sciatic-obturator-femoral technique versus spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for fixation of open tibial fractures using Ilizarov external fixator: A randomized trial
Authors: Shokri Hoda , Kasem Amr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Peripheral nerve block is an ideal choice for lower limb surgery because of the peripheral site of the surgical procedure and the ability to block pain pathways at multiple levels. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of SOFT block (sciatic-obturator-femoral nerve block technique) compared with spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing surgery for fixation of open tibial fractures using Ilizarov external fixatorMethods This study was conducted over 107 patients ASA I, II scheduled for fixation of open tibial fractures using Ilizarov external fixator. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either spinal anaesthesia or SOFT block. In spinal anaesthesia group, patients received spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (7.5-10mg). In SOFT group, patients received SOFT block with bupivacaine 0.25%. Primary endpoint included the duration of analgesia. The secondary endpoints included patient satisfaction scores, time of first analgesic dose, visual analogue scale scores, incidence of adverse events as back pain, postural -puncture headache, vomiting, systemic toxicity from local anesthetic, parathesia observed within 48 hours of the block.Results The duration of soft block and time to first analgesic dose in SOFT group was significantly longer (p<0.001). The incidence of headache (p=0.028) and back pain (p=0.012) was significantly higher in spinal group. There was no significant difference between the study groups regarding satisfaction scores, the incidence of cardiovascular collapse, seizures and parathesia. Pain scores were significantly lower in SOFT group at 3,6,12 hours postoperative (p<0.001).Conclusion SOFT block is a feasible technique for control of postoperative pain with unremarkable adverse events compared with spinal anaesthesia, in patients undergoing fixation of tibial fractures using Ilizarov external fixator.
Development and Validation of the Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient [CuPDPH]
Authors: Campillo Beatriz , Corbella Josep , Gelpi Marta , Martinez Elisenda , Viciana Miquel Angel , Alonso Milagros 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background. Dignity is a fundamental concept that is affected and altered in the course of hospitalization by professional’s behaviour. Despite the importance of respect and the maintenance of dignity, there are few instruments to evaluate the perception of a dignified attention. Our objective is to develop and determine the psychometric properties of a questionnaire for evaluating the perception of respect for and preservation of the dignity of the hospitalized patient.Methods. From the review of the literature of patients' contributions, a theoretical definition of the concept was generated, which served as the basis for the construction of a self-administered questionnaire. The preliminary items were submitted for expert opinion. Subsequently, their comprehensibility, feasibility and execution time were verified by conducting a pilot study. The definitive questionnaire was administered to a sample of patients hospitalized in two units of a third-level hospital in Barcelona.Results. The final sample consisted of 289 patients. The analysis of internal consistency through the Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.76. In the factorial analysis of the main components of the oblique rotation, six factors named "privacy", "identity", "integrity", "information”, “respect" and "consideration" emerged; together, they explain a total variance of 61.06%. The assignment of the statements to each of the factors was consistent with the initial definition.Conclusions. The proposed theoretical model considers the perception of dignity as the sum and interrelation of diverse factors based on personal and professional values that must precede and accompany any care activity. The constructed questionnaire demonstrated acceptable indices of validity and reliability in all its facets.
Person-centered care in a tertiary hospital from patients’ eyes: Hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Sahli1 Bashayer , Al-Surimi Khaled 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Healthcare systems around the world have begun to move towards a person (or patient)-centered care approach. Although this approach seems to have been newly adopted in some healthcare organizations, there is no evidence of person-centered care among hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The aims of this study were to assess patients’ perspectives on the climate of person-centered care and its associated factors in a Saudi tertiary hospital, and to examine the reliability of the Arabic version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire – Patient (PCQ-P) version. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, the validated version of the PCQ-P was distributed to 300 adult patients admitted to hospital for more than 48 hours. Patients from 16 inpatient departments at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were interviewed using the PCQ-P. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22; IBM, NY, USA). Results: A total of 300 questionnaires were completed. Within this number of respondents, 159 (53%) were females; 119 were aged 21–40 years; 72.7% were married; 147 (49%) had attained up to a high school level of education; and (67.4%) were unemployed. Inpatients’ overall mean PCQ-P score was 73 ± 9.988 out of 85. Results suggested some significant associations between patient characteristics and their perspectives on person-centered care, such as age ( P =0.005), gender ( P <0.001), nationality ( P =0.026), area of residency ( P =0.001), route to admission ( P =0.002), length of stay ( P =0.003), and hospital preference ( P =0.010). The Arabic version of the PCQ-P was found to be reliable (Cronbach’s α=0.840), indicating its applicability to measure the climate of person-centered care in an Arabic-speaking context. Conclusions: Patient and hospital characteristics are important in terms of patients’ perceptions of the climate of person-centered care. The Arabic translation of the PCQ-P tool is a reliable way to measure this climate within the setting of an Arabic-speaking tertiary care hospital.
Severe Liver Fibrosis and Association with Plasma Inflammatory Biomarkers among HIV/HCV Co-infected Patients in China :a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chen Xiaochen , Liu Xing , Duan Song , Tang Renhai , Zhou Sujuan , Ye Runhua , Yang Yuecheng , Wang Jibao , Yao Shitang , Gao Meiyang , Ding Yingying , He Na 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Immune dysregulation among HIV/HCV co-infected patients with impaired liver function is common. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of liver fibrosis with microbial translocation and related inflammation among HIV/HCV co-infected patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 343 HIV/HCV co-infected patients who received cART. All patients had current blood biochemical testing data. We measured sCD14 and 27 serum cytokines concentrations using the Hycult Biotech sCD14 ELISA kit and Bio-plex Human Cytokine 27-plex Assay, respectively. We compared the concentrations of each marker between severe liver fibrosis and mild liver fibrosis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for the association of each marker with severe liver fibrosis were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Of the 343 HIV/HCV coinfect-ed patients enrolled, 188 (54.8%) had severe liver fibrosis (FIB-4 >3.25). Patients with higher FIB-4 score (>3.25vs. ≤3.25) had higher plasma level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL-15, IL-17, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, BasicFGF and MCP-1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increased plasma level of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-12, IL-17, GM- CSF, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL -10, MCP-1, Eotaxin, BasicFGF and sCD14 were linked to severe liver fibrosis in our study. Conclusions: Severe liver fibrosis are associated with increased microbial translocation plasma inflammatory biomarkers among HIV/HCV co-infected patients.
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, guadecitabine, targets tumor-induced myelopoiesis and recovers T cell activity to slow tumor growth in combination with adoptive immunotherapy in a mouse model of breast cancer
Authors: Luker Andrea J , Graham Laura J , Zellner Matthew P , Gilmer Jamie-Jean S , Damle Sheela R , Conrad Daniel H , Martin Rebecca K , Bear Harry D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a significant hurdle to cancer immunotherapy because they dampen anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses. Previous groups, including our own, have reported on the myelo-depletive effects of certain chemotherapy agents. We have shown previously that decitabine increased tumor cell Class I and tumor antigen expression, increased ability of tumor cells to stimulate T lymphocytes, depleted tumor-induced MDSC in vivo and augmented immunotherapy of a murine mammary carcinoma. Results: In this study, we expand upon this observation by testing a next-generation DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi), guadecitabine, which has increased stability in the circulation. Using the 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model, in BALB/cJ female mice, we found that guadecitabine significantly reduces tumor burden in a T cell-dependent manner by preventing excessive myeloid proliferation and systemic accumulation of MDSC. The remaining MDSC were shifted to an antigen-presenting phenotype. Building upon our previous publication, we show that guadecitabine enhances the therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred antigen-experienced lymphocytes to diminish tumor growth and improve overall survival. We also show guadecitabine’s versatility with similar tumor reduction and augmentation of immunotherapy in the C57BL/6J E0771 murine breast cancer model. Conclusions: Guadecitabine depleted and altered MDSC, inhibited growth of two different murine mammary carcinomas in vivo, and augmented immunotherapeutic efficacy. Based on these findings, we believe the immune-modulatory effects of guadecitabine can help rescue anti-tumor immune response and contribute to the overall effectiveness of current cancer immunotherapies.