bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylation in Predicting Progression of Untreated High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Authors: Louvanto Karolina , Aro Karoliina , Nedjai Belinda , Bützow Ralf , Jakobsson Maija , Kalliala Ilkka , Dillner Joakim , Nieminen Pekka , Lorincz Attila 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
There is no prognostic test to ascertain whether cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CINs) regress or progress. The majority of CINs regress in young women, and treatments increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated the ability of a DNA methylation panel (the S5 classifier) to discriminate between outcomes among young women with untreated CIN grade 2 (CIN2).

Methods
Baseline pyrosequencing methylation and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping assays were performed on cervical cells from 149 women with CIN2 in a 2-year cohort study of active surveillance.

Results
Twenty-five lesions progressed to CIN grade 3 or worse, 88 regressed to less than CIN grade 1, and 36 persisted as CIN1/2. When cytology, HPV16/18 and HPV16/18/31/33 genotyping, and the S5 classifier were compared to outcomes, the S5 classifier was the strongest biomarker associated with regression vs progression. The S5 classifier alone or in combination with HPV16/18/31/33 genotyping also showed significantly increased sensitivity vs cytology when comparing regression vs persistence/progression. With both the S5 classifier and cytology set at a specificity of 38.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.4–49.6), the sensitivity of the S5 classifier was significantly higher (83.6%; 95% CI, 71.9–91.8) than of cytology (62.3%; 95% CI, 49.0–74.4; P = 0.005). The highest area under the curve was 0.735 (95% CI, 0.621–0.849) in comparing regression vs progression with a combination of the S5 classifier and cytology, whereas HPV genotyping did not provide additional information.

Conclusions
The S5 classifier shows high potential as a prognostic biomarker to identify progressive CIN2.
Low Hepatitis C Reinfection Following Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy Among People Who Inject Drugs on Opioid Agonist Therapy
Authors: Akiyama Matthew J , Lipsey Daniel , Heo Moonseong , Agyemang Linda , Norton Brianna L , Hidalgo Jennifer , Lora Kiara , Litwin Alain H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is highly effective in people who inject drugs (PWID); however, rates, specific injection behaviors, and social determinants associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection following DAA therapy among PWID on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) are poorly understood.

Methods
PREVAIL was a randomized controlled trial that assessed models of HCV care for 150 PWID on OAT. Those who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) (n = 141; 94%) were eligible for this extension study. Interviews and assessments of recurrent HCV viremia occurred at 6-month intervals for up to 24 months following PREVAIL. We used survival analysis to analyze variables associated with time to reinfection.

Results
Of 141 who achieved SVR, 114 had a least 1 visit in the extension study (62% male; mean age, 52 years). Injection drug use (IDU) was reported by 19% (n = 22) in the extension study. HCV reinfection was observed in 3 participants. Over 246 person-years of follow-up, the incidence of reinfection was 1.22/100 person-years (95% CI, 0.25–3.57). All reinfections occurred among participants reporting ongoing IDU. The incidence of reinfection in participants reporting ongoing IDU (41 person-years of follow-up) was 7.4/100 person-years (95% CI, 1.5–21.6). Reinfection was associated with reporting ongoing IDU in the follow-up period (P &lt; .001), a lack confidence in the ability to avoid contracting HCV (P &lt; .001), homelessness (P = .002), and living with a PWID (P = .007).

Conclusions
HCV reinfection was low overall, but more common among people with ongoing IDU following DAA therapy on OAT, as well as those who were not confident in the ability to avoid contracting HCV, homeless, or living with a PWID. Interventions to mediate these risk factors following HCV therapy are warranted.
Cranial Imaging and Lumbar Puncture in Patients With Suspected Central Nervous System Infection
Authors: Costerus Joost M , Lemmens Cynthia M C , van de Beek Diederik , Brouwer Matthijs C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Performing cranial imaging prior to lumbar punctures (LPs) in patients with suspected central nervous system (CNS) infections has been associated with delayed treatments and poor outcomes. Various guidelines provide different criteria for cranial imaging prior to LP.

Methods
We describe the use of cranial imaging in a cohort of adult patients with suspected CNS infections, and evaluated adherence to the recommendations made in the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Swedish, and Dutch guidelines. We also analyzed the association between cranial imaging and the time between emergency department entrance and intravenous antibiotic administration.

Results
From 2012–2015, 203 patients with suspected CNS infections were included, of whom 56 (27%) were diagnosed with CNS infections and 16 were diagnosed with bacterial meningitis (8%). Cranial imaging, in all cases computed tomography (CT), was performed in 130 patients (64%) and led to the deferral of LPs in 7 (5%). Criteria by the IDSA, ESCMID, Swedish, and Dutch guidelines showed indications for imaging in 64%, 39%, 39%, and 40% of patients, respectively. The times between emergency department arrivals and the start of antibiotic therapy between patients with and without CT before LP were similar (median 134 [interquartile range (IQR) 58–292] vs. 141 minutes [IQR 52–227], respectively; Mann-Whitney U P = .74).

Conclusions
A cranial CT prior to LP was done in the majority of patients with a suspected CNS infection, irrespective of guideline indications. The ESCMID, Swedish, and Dutch guidelines were more restrictive in advising imaging, compared to the IDSA guidelines. Performing cranial imaging prior to LP was not associated with treatment delays in this Dutch cohort study.
Power Saving Proxies for Web Servers
Authors: O’Dwyer Karl J , Creedon Eoin , Purcell Mark , Malone David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectricity is a major cost in running a data centre, and servers are responsible for a significant percentage of the power consumption. Given the widespread use of HTTP, both as a service and a component of other services, it is worthwhile reducing the power consumption of web servers. In this paper we consider how reverse proxies, commonly used to improve the performance of web servers, might be used to improve energy efficiency. We suggest that when demand on a server is low, it may be possible to switch off servers. In their absence, an embedded system with a small energy footprint could act as a reverse proxy serving commonly-requested content. When new content is required, the reverse proxy can power on the servers to meet this new load. Our results indicate that even with a modest server, we can get a 25% power saving while maintaining acceptable performance.
Building a Fuzzy Logic-Based Artificial Neural Network to Uplift Recommendation Accuracy
Authors: Sinha Bam Bahadur , Dhanalakshmi R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
With the advent of the internet, the recommender system escorts the users in a customized way to nominate items from a massive set of possible alternatives. The emergence of overspecification in recommender system has emphasized negative effects on the context of prediction. The drift of user interest over time is one of the challenging affairs in present personalized recommender system. In this paper, we present a neural network model to improve the recommendation performance along with usage of fuzzy-based clustering to decide membership value of users and matching imputation to cutback sparsity to some extent. We evaluate our model on the MovieLens dataset and show that our model not only elevates accuracy, but also considers the order in which recommendation should be given. We compare the proposed model with a number of state-of-the-art personalization methods and show the dominance of our model using accuracy metrics such as root-mean-square error and mean absolute error.
Localization and non-ergodicity in clustered random networks
Authors: Avetisov V , Gorsky A , Nechaev S , Valba O 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We consider clustering in rewired Erdős–Rényi networks with conserved vertex degree and in random regular graphs from the localization perspective. It has been found in Avetisov et al. (2016, Phys. Rev. E, 94, 062313) that at some critical value of chemical potential $\mu_{\rm cr}$ of closed triad of bonds, the evolving networks decay into the maximally possible number of dense subgraphs. The adjacency matrix acquires above $\mu_{\rm cr}$ the two-zonal support with the triangle-shaped main (perturbative) zone separated by a wide gap from the side (non-perturbative) zone. Studying the distribution of gaps between neighbouring eigenvalues (the level spacing), we demonstrate that in the main zone the level spacing matches the Wigner–Dyson law and is delocalized, however it shares the Poisson statistics in the side zone, which is the signature of localization. In parallel with the evolutionary designed networks, we consider ‘instantly’ ad hoc prepared networks with in- and cross-cluster probabilities exactly as at the final stage of the evolutionary designed network. For such ‘instant’ networks the eigenvalues are delocalized in both zones. We speculate about the difference in eigenvalue statistics between ‘evolutionary’ and ‘instant’ networks from the perspective of a possible phase transition between ergodic and non-ergodic network patterns with a strong ‘memory dependence’, thus advocating possible existence of non-ergodic delocalized states in the clustered random networks at least at finite network sizes.
Lower bound for the cost of connecting tree with given vertex degree sequence
Authors: Goubko Mikhail , Kuznetsov Alexander 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The optimal connecting network problem generalizes many models of structure optimization known from the literature, including communication and transport network topology design, graph cut and graph clustering, etc. For the case of connecting trees with the given sequence of vertex degrees the cost of the optimal tree is shown to be bounded from below by the solution of a semidefinite optimization program with bilinear matrix inequality constraints, which is reduced to the solution of a series of convex programs with linear matrix inequality constraints. The proposed lower-bound estimate is used to construct several heuristic algorithms and to evaluate their quality on a variety of generated and real-life datasets.
Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Towards the Leaf Volatile β-cyclocitral and Selected Fruit-Ripening Volatiles
Authors: Bolton L Grant , Piñero Jaime C , Barrett Bruce A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is attracted to numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from several ripening, small fruit crops. However, the strawberry leaf terpenoid, β-cyclocitral, is reportedly very attractive to D. suzukii (but not to all Drosophila spp.). This suggests that leaf and fruit VOCs may be critical sources needed to further develop a more species-specific D. suzukii monitoring lure, or semiochemically based attract-and-kill systems. This study investigated the electrophysiological responses of male and female D. suzukii towards selected host fruit-ripening VOCs and β-cyclocitral, along with behavioral responses toward combined fruit VOCs with β-cyclocitral. Electroantennogram (EAG) results revealed a positive dose–response, for both sexes, as concentrations increased for all VOCs tested. For β-cyclocitral, hexyl acetate and methyl butyrate, the mean male EAG responses were significantly greater than the female responses at lower doses. In caged behavioral bioassays, only in the β-cyclocitral treatments were the mean number of flies captured (sexes combined) significantly greater than that captured in solvent (mineral oil) controls. Our study has demonstrated that while single fruit-based VOCs alone are not enough to cause a strong behavioral attraction by both male and female D. suzukii, the addition of β-cyclocitral did produce a significant attraction response from both sexes. In both bioassays, males had higher responses to β-cyclocitral than females, which suggest a greater sensitivity to this compound. Further studies are needed to ascertain the role β-cyclocitral may play in the development of a more species-specific D. suzukii monitoring lure.
Interplay of cardiac remodelling and myocardial stiffness in hypertensive heart disease: a shear wave imaging study using high-frame rate echocardiography
Authors: Cvijic Marta , Bézy Stéphanie , Petrescu Aniela , Santos Pedro , Orlowska Marta , Chakraborty Bidisha , Duchenne Jürgen , Pedrosa João , Vanassche Thomas , D’hooge Jan , Voigt Jens-Uwe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To determine myocardial stiffness by means of measuring the velocity of naturally occurring myocardial shear waves (SWs) at mitral valve closure (MVC) and investigate their changes with myocardial remodelling in patients with hypertensive heart disease.

Methods and results
Thirty-three treated arterial hypertension (HT) patients with hypertrophic left ventricular (LV) remodelling (59 ± 14 years, 55% male) and 26 aged matched healthy controls (55±15 years, 77% male) were included. HT patients were further divided into a concentric remodelling (HT1) group (13 patients) and a concentric hypertrophy (HT2) group (20 patients). LV parasternal long-axis views were acquired with an experimental ultrasound scanner at 1266 ± 317 frames per seconds. The SW velocity induced by MVC was measured from myocardial acceleration maps. SW velocities differed significantly between HT patients and controls (5.83 ± 1.20 m/s vs. 4.04 ± 0.96 m/s; P &lt; 0.001). In addition, the HT2 group had the highest SW velocities (P &lt; 0.001), whereas values between controls and the HT1 group were comparable (P = 0.075). Significant positive correlations were found between SW velocity and LV remodelling (interventricular septum thickness: r = 0.786, P &lt; 0.001; LV mass index: r = 0.761, P &lt; 0.001). SW velocity normalized for wall stress indicated that myocardial stiffness in the HT2 group was twice as high as in controls (P &lt; 0.001), whereas values of the HT1 group overlapped with the controls (P = 1.00).

Conclusions
SW velocity as measure of myocardial stiffness is higher in HT patients compared with healthy controls, particularly in advanced hypertensive heart disease. Patients with concentric remodelling have still normal myocardial properties whereas patients with concentric hypertrophy show significant stiffening.
Space closure versus space opening for bilateral absent upper lateral incisors: what is the duration of orthodontic treatment?
Authors: Seehra Jadbinder , Al-Ali Anwar , Pandis Nikolaos , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Background
Assessment of orthodontic treatment outcomes such as treatment duration in patients with hypodontia are lacking.

Objectives
To assess the overall treatment duration of cases of bilateral absent upper lateral incisors treated with either orthodontic space closure (SC) or space opening (SO). The secondary aim was to determine factors which influence overall treatment duration.

Subjects and methods
A retrospective cohort study was undertaken within the Orthodontic department at Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. Consecutively treated patients between 2008 and 2018 with bilateral absent upper lateral incisors were identified from clinic lists, clinical logbooks, and multidisciplinary clinics. All study data variables were collected by a single investigator using a pre-specified data collection sheet.

Results
In total, 52 cases were included, 29 in the SC group and 23 in the SO group. Overall non-extraction treatment was favoured (P = 0.001) with differences in restorations provided post-treatment evident (P = 0.01). Although not statistically significant, the mean overall orthodontic treatment duration was less in the SC group 25.7 months (SD 7.6) compared to the SO group 27.4 (SD 6.1). Overall treatment duration was reduced if treatment was carried out on an extraction basis (−7.02, 95% CI: −11.93, 2.11, P = 0.01) but increased as the amount of crowding in the lower arch increased (0.89, 95% CI: 0.08, 1.71, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Within the study limitations, there is no difference in the overall treatment duration between both treatment approaches. Treatment duration is reduced in both SO or SC treatment plans if extractions are undertaken. The presence of lower arch crowding increases the duration of treatment.
Expert recommendations on the assessment of wall shear stress in human coronary arteries: existing methodologies, technical considerations, and clinical applications
Authors: Gijsen Frank , Katagiri Yuki , Barlis Peter , Bourantas Christos , Collet Carlos , Coskun Umit , Daemen Joost , Dijkstra Jouke , Edelman Elazer , Evans Paul , van der Heiden Kim , Hose Rod , Koo Bon-Kwon , Krams Rob , Marsden Alison , Migliavacca Francesco , Onuma Yoshinobu , Ooi Andrew , Poon Eric , Samady Habib , Stone Peter , Takahashi Kuniaki , Tang Dalin , Thondapu Vikas , Tenekecioglu Erhan , Timmins Lucas , Torii Ryo , Wentzel Jolanda , Serruys Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in patients with normal electrocardiograms: results from a multicentre long-term registry
Authors: Conte Giulio , Belhassen Bernard , Lambiase Pier , Ciconte Giuseppe , de Asmundis Carlo , Arbelo Elena , Schaer Beat , Frontera Antonio , Burri Haran , Calo’ Leonardo , Letsas Kostantinos P , Leyva Francisco , Porter Bradley , Saenen Johan , Zacà Valerio , Berne Paola , Ammann Peter , Zardini Marco , Luani Blerim , Rordorf Roberto , Sarquella Brugada Georgia , Medeiros-Domingo Argelia , Geller Johann-Christoph , de Potter Tom , Stokke Mathis K , Márquez Manlio F , Michowitz Yoav , Honarbakhsh Shohreh , Conti Manuel , Sticherling Christian , Martino Annamaria , Zegard Abbasin , Özkartal Tardu , Caputo Maria Luce , Regoli François , Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C , Notarangelo Francesca , Moccetti Tiziano , Casu Gavino , Rinaldi Christopher A , Levinstein Moises , Haugaa Kristina H , Derval Nicolas , Klersy Catherine , Curti Moreno , Pappone Carlo , Heidbuchel Hein , Brugada Josép , Haïssaguerre Michel , Brugada Pedro , Auricchio Angelo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To define the clinical characteristics and long-term clinical outcomes of a large cohort of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) and normal 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs).

Methods and results
Patients with ventricular fibrillation as the presenting rhythm, normal baseline, and follow-up ECGs with no signs of cardiac channelopathy including early repolarization or atrioventricular conduction abnormalities, and without structural heart disease were included in a registry. A total of 245 patients (median age: 38 years; males 59%) were recruited from 25 centres. An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was implanted in 226 patients (92%), while 18 patients (8%) were treated with drug therapy only. Over a median follow-up of 63 months (interquartile range: 25–110 months), 12 patients died (5%); in four of them (1.6%) the lethal event was of cardiac origin. Patients treated with antiarrhythmic drugs only had a higher rate of cardiovascular death compared to patients who received an ICD (16% vs. 0.4%, P = 0.001). Fifty-two patients (21%) experienced an arrhythmic recurrence. Age ≤16 years at the time of the first ventricular arrhythmia was the only predictor of arrhythmic recurrence on multivariable analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.92; P = 0.03].

Conclusion
Patients with IVF and persistently normal ECGs frequently have arrhythmic recurrences, but a good prognosis when treated with an ICD. Children are a category of IVF patients at higher risk of arrhythmic recurrences.
Arrhythmia development during inhibition of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in acute myocardial infarction in a porcine model
Authors: Lubberding Anniek F , Sattler Stefan M , Grunnet Morten , Sørensen Ulrik S , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob , Jespersen Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is associated with intracellular Ca2+ build-up. In healthy ventricles, small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels are present but do not participate in repolarization. However, SK current is increased in chronic myocardial infarction and heart failure, and recently, SK channel inhibition was demonstrated to reduce arrhythmias in AMI rats. Hence, we hypothesized that SK channel inhibitors (NS8593 and AP14145) could reduce arrhythmia development during AMI in a porcine model.Methods and results Twenty-seven pigs were randomized 1:1:1 to control, NS8593, or AP14145. Haemodynamic and electrophysiological parameters [electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potentials (MAP)] were continuously recorded. A balloon was placed in the mid-left anterior descending artery, blinded to treatment. Infusion lasted from 10 min before occlusion until 30 min after. Occlusion was maintained for 1 h, followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Upon occlusion, cardiac output dropped similarly in all groups, while blood pressure remained stable. Heart rate decreased in the NS8593 and AP14145 groups. QRS duration increased upon occlusion in all groups but more prominently in AP14145-treated pigs. Inhibition of SK channels did not affect QT interval. Infarct MAP duration shortened comparably in all groups. Ventricular fibrillation developed in 4/9 control-, 4/9 AP14145-, and 2/9 NS8593-treated pigs. Ventricular tachycardia was rarely observed in either group, whereas ventricular extrasystoles occurred comparably in all groups.Conclusion Inhibition of SK channels was neither beneficial nor detrimental to ventricular arrhythmia development in the setting of AMI in this porcine model.
Explanations for medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative study on GPs in daily practice consultations
Authors: Terpstra Tom , Gol Janna M , Lucassen Peter L B J , Houwen Juul , van Dulmen Sandra , Berger Marjolein Y , Rosmalen Judith G M , olde Hartman Tim C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
General practice is the centre of care for patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS). Providing explanations for MUS, i.e. making sense of symptoms, is considered to be an important part of care for MUS patients. However, little is known how general practitioners (GPs) do this in daily practice.

Objective
This study aimed to explore how GPs explain MUS to their patients during daily general practice consultations.

Methods
A thematic content analysis was performed of how GPs explained MUS to their patients based on 39 general practice consultations involving patients with MUS.

Results
GP provided explanations in nearly all consultations with MUS patients. Seven categories of explanation components emerged from the data: defining symptoms, stating causality, mentioning contributing factors, describing mechanisms, excluding explanations, discussing the severity of symptoms and normalizing symptoms. No pattern of how GPs constructed explanations with the various categories was observed. In general, explanations were communicated as a possibility and in a patient-specific way; however, they were not very detailed.

Conclusion
Although explanations for MUS are provided in most MUS consultations, there seems room for improving the explanations given in these consultations. Further studies on the effectiveness of explanations and on the interaction between patients and GP in constructing these explanations are required in order to make MUS explanations more suitable in daily primary care practice.