bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Census of Early-phase High-mass Star Formation in the Central Molecular Zone
Authors: Lu 吕 Xing 行 , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Ginsburg Adam , Walker Daniel L. , Barnes Ashley T. , Butterfield Natalie , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Battersby Cara , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Longmore Steven N. , Zhang Qizhou , Bally John , Kauffmann Jens , Ott Jürgen , Rickert Matthew , Wang Ke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present new observations of the C-band continuum emission and masers to assess high-mass (>8

) star formation at early evolutionary phases in the inner 200 pc of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. The continuum observation is complete to free–free emission from stars above 10–11

in 91% of the covered area. We identify 104 compact sources in the continuum emission, among which five are confirmed ultracompact H ii regions, 12 are candidates of ultracompact H ii regions, and the remaining 87 sources are mostly massive stars in clusters, field stars, evolved stars, pulsars, extragalactic sources, or of unknown nature that is to be investigated. We detect class ii CH3OH masers at 23 positions, among which six are new detections. We confirm six known H2CO masers in two high-mass star-forming regions and detect two new H2CO masers toward the Sgr C cloud, making it the ninth region in the Galaxy that contains masers of this type. In spite of these detections, we find that current high-mass star formation in the inner CMZ is only taking place in seven isolated clouds. The results suggest that star formation at early evolutionary phases in the CMZ is about 10 times less efficient than expected from the dense gas star formation relation, which is in line with previous studies that focus on more evolved phases of star formation. This means that if there will be any impending, next burst of star formation in the CMZ, it has not yet begun.
Visualizar la fragilidad
Authors: Miquel Bartual Mijo 
Published: October 2019

En este período de crisis ecosistémica generalizada, resulta de especial importancia encontrar vías que puedan ayudarnos a entender y asumir el momento crítico en el que nos encontramos. La constatación de la urgencia puede llevarnos a producir imágenes con la intención de activar respuestas emocionales que lleven a la acción pero que, sin embargo, resulten contraproducentes en un doble sentido. Por una parte, pueden producir miedo y bloqueo, derivando en una ceguera autoimpuesta, actitud por la que frecuentemente opta el ser humano cuando debe enfrentarse a problemas o conflictos que le desbordan. Por otra, si profundizamos en las consecuencias que estas emociones pueden tener en nuestra percepción del mundo, podría darse que el impacto de dichas representaciones derivara sin mucho refuerzo exterior en la justificación de propuestas autoritarias en la política, ante la necesidad de reaccionar con rapidez el horizonte catastrófico. Esta transformación ya en marcha de las formas democráticas puede conllevar asimismo la aceptación de un porcentaje de “pérdidas”, de “exceso poblacional” que debería sacrificarse por tanto, generando un cambio de paradigma en el que el neocapitalismo moral escondiera nuevas formas de tanatocracia. Si bien la enorme fragilidad que vive nuestra especie debería motivar una respuesta articulada y solidaria a nivel planetario, tememos que las maneras en las que la transmitimos, las representaciones que elegimos, vayan a generar este determinado tipo de respuestas. Por ello, consideramos esencial reflexionar al respecto de manera que podamos encarar la tarea con la urgencia real que requiere, sin por ello admitir una merma radical en las formas de democracia ni un ejercicio cómplice de biopoder sobre los más afectados.
Urine Tests for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases and Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens
Authors: O. Eltai Nahla , Alhussain Hashim , Doiphode Sanjay , Al Thani Asma , Yassine Hadi 
Published: October 2019

The relation between disease and urine was recognized by physicians since the earliest civilization BC. Urine is considered an ideal diagnostic specimen for its noninvasive and easy method of collection. Urinalysis encompasses a wide range of tests, which includes a variety of chemical tests, urine microscopy, bacterial cultures, and molecular tests. Importantly, urine tests can diagnose patients with antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTI), directly from urine and/or bacterial culture. This chapter summarizes the most common urine tests in the infectious disease field, with a special focus on diagnosing UTI and characterizing their antibiotic resistant. In addition to describing the advantages and limitation of these tests, the chapter explores the promising emerging technologies and methods in this field. This chapter is beneficial for scientists and healthcare workers in the field.
Wikipedia and Medicines: Who edits medicine articles on the English Wikipedia?
Authors: Svendsen Kristian , Skancke Kristian Husvik 
Published: October 2019

Presentasjon frå Wikipedia-akademiet 2015
The aim of this paper is to examine who edits Wikipedia articles on medicinal drugs, and how these edits affect the articles over time. Two different groups of articles will be selected and examined, namely those on the top ten bestselling medicines in the world and the ten most recently approved medicines on the European market.
Two‐dimensional solid‐state array detectors: A technique for in vivo dose verification in a variable effective area
Authors: Utitsarn Kananan , Biasi Giordano , Stansook Nauljun , Alrowaili Ziyad A. , Petasecca Marco , Carolan Martin , Perevertaylo Vladimir L. , Tomé Wolfgang A. , Kron Tomas , Lerch Michael L. F. , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeWe introduce a technique that employs a 2D detector in transmission mode (TM) to verify dose maps at a depth of dmax in Solid Water. TM measurements, when taken at a different surface‐to‐detector distance (SDD), allow for the area at dmax (in which the dose map is calculated) to be adjusted.MethodsWe considered the detector prototype “MP512” (an array of 512 diode‐sensitive volumes, 2 mm spatial resolution). Measurements in transmission mode were taken at SDDs in the range from 0.3 to 24 cm. Dose mode (DM) measurements were made at dmax in Solid Water. We considered radiation fields in the range from 2 × 2 cm2 to 10 × 10 cm2, produced by 6 MV flattened photon beams; we derived a relationship between DM and TM measurements as a function of SDD and field size. The relationship was used to calculate, from TM measurements at 4 and 24 cm SDD, dose maps at dmax in fields of 1 × 1 cm2 and 4 × 4 cm2, and in IMRT fields. Calculations were cross‐checked (gamma analysis) with the treatment planning system and with measurements (MP512, films, ionization chamber).ResultsIn the square fields, calculations agreed with measurements to within ±2.36%. In the IMRT fields, using acceptance criteria of 3%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm, 1%/1 mm, calculations had respective gamma passing rates greater than 96.89%, 90.50%, 62.20% (for a 4 cm SSD); and greater than 97.22%, 93.80%, 59.00% (for a 24 cm SSD). Lower rates (1%/1 mm criterion) can be explained by submillimeter misalignments, dose averaging in calculations, noise artifacts in film dosimetry.ConclusionsIt is possible to perform TM measurements at the SSD which produces the best fit between the area at dmax in which the dose map is calculated and the size of the monitored target.
Cancer Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Personalized Therapy in Patient‐Derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Rao Lang , Yu Guang‐Tao , Meng Qian‐Fang , Bu Lin‐Lin , Tian Rui , Lin Li‐Sen , Deng Hongzhang , Yang Weijing , Zan Minghui , Ding Jianxun , Li Andrew , Xiao Haihua , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Liu Wei , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell membrane coating nanotechnology, which endows nanoparticles with unique properties, displays excellent translational potential in cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, the preparation and evaluation of these cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles are based on cell lines and cell‐line‐based xenograft mouse models. The feasibility of cell membrane‐camouflaged nanomaterials is tested in a preclinical setting. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient‐derived tumor cell (PDTC) membranes are coated onto gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) and the resulting PDTC@GNPs show efficient targeting to homotypic tumor cells and tissues in patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models. When the donor‐derived cell membrane of PDTC@GNPs matched those of the host cells, significant targeting capability is observed. In contrast, mismatch between the donor and host results in weak targeting. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that autologous separation and administration of cellular membranes and anticancer cisplatin (Pt)‐loaded PDTC@GNPs, respectively, lead to almost complete tumor ablation in a subcutaneous model and effectively inhibit tumor recurrence in a postsurgery model. The work presented here reinforces the translation of these biomimetic nanoparticles for clinical applications and offers a simple, safe, and effective strategy for personalized cancer treatment.
Multistimuli‐Responsive Display Materials to Encrypt Differentiated Information in Bright and Dark Fields
Authors: Jiang Tong , Zhu Yi‐Fei , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Zhu Jiajie , Zhang Min , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVisually readable codes play a crucial role in anticounterfeiting measures. However, current coding approaches do not enable time‐dependent codes to be visually read, adjusted, and differentiated in bright and dark fields. Here, using a combined strategy of piezoelectric lattice selection, oxygen vacancy engineering, and activator doping, a lanthanide ion‐doped titanate is developed that integrates mechano‐, thermo‐, and photo‐responsive color change (>18 h for bright field), persistent luminescence (>6 h for dark field), and stimulus‐triggered multimodal luminescence. The feasibility of optical encoding, visual displaying, and stimulus‐responsive encrypting of time‐dependent, dual‐field information by using the developed material is demonstrated. In particular, the differentiated display of dual‐field modes is achieved by combining mechanostimulated abolition of only the persistent luminescence and thermo‐ and photostimulated reversal of both the color change and persistent luminescence. The results provide new insights for designing advanced materials and encryption technologies for photonic displays, information security, and intelligent anticounterfeiting.
Super‐ and Ultrathin Organic Field‐Effect Transistors: from Flexibility to Super‐ and Ultraflexibility
Authors: Nawrocki Robert A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhysically flexible electronics offer a wide range of benefits, including the development of next‐generation consumer electronics and healthcare products. The advancement of physical flexibility, typically achieved by the reduction of the total device thickness, including substrates and encapsulation layers, shows great promise for skin‐laminated electronics. Organic electronics—devices relying on carbon‐based materials—offer many advantages over their inorganic counterparts, including the following: significantly lower fabrication temperatures resulting in alternative fabrication techniques, including inkjet and roll‐to‐roll printing, enabling low‐cost and large‐area fabrication; biocompatibility; and spectacular physical flexibility. This article presents a review, spanning the last two decades, of organic field‐effect transistors with the total thickness of just a few microns as well as devices demonstrated in this decade with a total thickness of few hundred of nanometers. A handful of demonstrations of other organic electronic thin film devices are also presented.
Nanostructured Carbon Nitrides for CO2 Capture and Conversion
Authors: Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Singh Gurwinder , Kim In Young , AlBahily Khalid , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H. , Karakoti Ajay S. , Tavakkoli Ehsan , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCarbon nitride (CN), a 2D material composed of only carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are linked by strong covalent bonds, has been used as a metal‐devoid and visible‐light‐active photocatalyst owing to its magnificent optoelectronic and physicochemical properties including suitable bandgap, adjustable energy‐band positions, tailor‐made surface functionalities, low cost, metal‐free nature, and high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stabilities. CN‐based materials possess a lot of advantages over conventional metal‐based inorganic photocatalysts including ease of synthesis and processing, versatile functionalization or doping, flexibility for surface engineering, low cost, sustainability, and recyclability without any leaching of toxic metals from photocorrosion. Carbon nitrides and their hybrid materials have emerged as attractive candidates for CO2 capture and its reduction into clean and green low‐carbon fuels and valuable chemical feedstock by using sustainable and intermittent renewable energy sources of sunlight and electricity through the heterogeneous photo(electro)catalysis. Here, the latest research results in this field are summarized, including implementation of novel functionalized nanostructured CNs and their hybrid heterostructures in meeting the stringent requirements to raise the efficiency of the CO2 reduction process by using state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrocatalysis, and feedstock reactions. The research in this field is primarily focused on advancement in the synthesis of nanostructured and functionalized CN‐based hybrid heterostructured materials. More importantly, the recent past has seen a surge in studies focusing significantly on exploring the mechanism of their application perspectives, which include the behavior of the materials for the absorption of light, charge separation, and pathways for the transport of CO2 during the reduction process.
Tough, Self‐Healing Hydrogels Capable of Ultrafast Shape Changing
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Diggle Broden , Shackleford India C. G. , Connal Luke A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAchieving multifunctional shape‐changing hydrogels with synergistic and engineered material properties is highly desirable for their expanding applications, yet remains an ongoing challenge. The synergistic design of multiple dynamic chemistries enables new directions for the development of such materials. Herein, a molecular design strategy is proposed based on a hydrogel combining acid–ether hydrogen bonding and imine bonds. This approach utilizes simple and scalable chemistries to produce a doubly dynamic hydrogel network, which features high water uptake, high strength and toughness, excellent fatigue resistance, fast and efficient self‐healing, and superfast, programmable shape changing. Furthermore, deformed shapes can be memorized due to the large thermal hysteresis. This new type of shape‐changing hydrogel is expected to be a key component in future biomedical, tissue, and soft robotic device applications.
Pressure‐Dependent Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Lead‐Free Halide Double Perovskite Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I)
Authors: Su Jie , Zhang Zhao , Hou Jie , Liu Mengyu , Lin Zhenhua , Hu Zhaosheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLead‐free halide double perovskites Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I) are emerging as excellent photoelectric materials. Investigating their mechanical and thermodynamic properties under hydrostatic pressure is vital for designing high‐performance photoelectric devices. Although Cs2AgB″X6 exhibits similar cubic structures, the bond length and strength characteristics of Cs2AgInX6 are different to those of Cs2AgBiX6, and Cs2AgB″X6 exhibits obvious mechanical anisotropic. Upon experiencing pressure, the stablility of Cs2AgB″X6 is improved and without phase transition, and its bond characteristics are unified, which is different to lead halide perovskites. Compared to Cs2AgBiX6, Cs2AgInX6 may be more suitable to flexible devices due to its higher shear and bulk modulus. In addition, the thermal conductivities of Cs2AgBiX6 (X═Cl, Br) and Cs2AgBiX6 (X═Cl, Br, I) are 0.41, 0.32, 0.37, 0.29, 0.23 W m−1 K−1, and can be enlarged by pressure and surpass that of lead halide perovskite. Moreover, all the Cs2AgB″X6 (B″═In, Bi; X═Cl, Br, I) possess the same saturated heat capacity of about 249.3 J mol−1 K−1. These variations of mechanical and thermal properties are elucidated by the bonds. These results maybe also applicable to other double perovskites, and beneficial for designing devices with better optoelectronic performance.
Nanoscaled Lithium Powders with Protection of Ionic Liquid for Highly Stable Rechargeable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pu Kaichao , Qu Xiaolei , Zhang Xin , Hu Jianjiang , Gu Changdong , Wu Yongjun , Gao Mingxia , Pan Hongge , Liu Yongfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo suppress the dendrite formation and alleviate volume expansion upon striping/platting is a key challenge for developing practical lithium metal anodes. Lithium metal in powder form possesses great potential to address this issue due to large specific surface area. However, the fabrication of powdery metallic lithium is largely restricted because of its unique softness, stickiness, and high reactivity. Here, a safe and readily accessible cryomilling process toward lithium powders is reported. Nanoscaled lithium powders (<500 nm) are successfully prepared from lithium foils with the assistance of a high‐melting‐point ionic liquid under cryogenic temperature. The prepared lithium powder anode exhibits superior electrochemical properties in symmetric cells, including extraordinarily low yet stable overpotential (≈50 mV), ultrahigh area capacity (30 mAh cm−2), and good long‐term cyclability (1200 h) even cycling at high current density (10 mA cm−2). The powdery form of lithium also functions as a favorable prelithiation reagent for lithium‐free anodes (e.g., Si, SiO, and SnO2). The findings open up a new avenue for the real‐world application of lithium metal anodes for next‐generation lithium batteries.
Predictors of efficacy for combination oral and topical corticosteroids to treat patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Epperson Madison V. , Phillips Katie M. , Caradonna David S. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundA short‐course oral corticosteroid taper and topical intranasal corticosteroids may be used to maximize the success of medical management for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). In this study, we sought to identify characteristics that would be predictive of efficacy for this combination regimen.MethodsSixty‐four patients with CRS, bilateral polyps, a polyp score of at least 3, and a 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score ≥20 were prospectively enrolled and uniformly treated with a 15‐day prednisone taper and twice daily dilute budesonide irrigations. Participants were assessed at enrollment and at follow up, 2 to 5 months later. Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed at enrollment. At both time points, CRS symptoms were assessed with SNOT‐22, and polyp score (range, 0 to 6) was assessed endoscopically. Associations were determined with regression.ResultsPretreatment SNOT‐22 score (adjusted β = −0.83; 95% CI, −1.08 to −0.58; p < 0.001) and comorbid asthma (adjusted β = 15.75; 95% CI, 4.74 to 26.75; p = 0.007) were associated with a change in SNOT‐22 experienced over the study period. Achieving a greater‐than‐1 minimal clinically important difference (MCID) improvement in SNOT‐22 score was also associated with pretreatment SNOT‐22 score (adjusted OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14; p < 0.001) and comorbid asthma (adjusted OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.72; p = 0.019). SNOT‐22 score ≥47 had 81.5% sensitivity and 78.4% specificity to detect patients experiencing 1 MCID improvement. Pretreatment polyp score was not associated with any outcome metric.ConclusionIn treatment of CRSwNP with prednisone and budesonide irrigations, pretreatment endoscopy was not informative of treatment response. Pretreatment SNOT‐22 and comorbid asthma may be more predictive.
Site‐Specific Encoding of Photoactivity in Antibodies Enables Light‐Mediated Antibody–Antigen Binding on Live Cells
Authors: Bridge Thomas , Shaikh Saher A. , Thomas Paul , Botta Joaquin , McCormick Peter J. , Sachdeva Amit 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAntibodies have found applications in several fields, including, medicine, diagnostics, and nanotechnology, yet methods to modulate antibody–antigen binding using an external agent remain limited. Here, we have developed photoactive antibody fragments by genetic site‐specific replacement of single tyrosine residues with photocaged tyrosine, in an antibody fragment, 7D12. A simple and robust assay is adopted to evaluate the light‐mediated binding of 7D12 mutants to its target, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), on the surface of cancer cells. Presence of photocaged tyrosine reduces 7D12‐EGFR binding affinity by over 20‐fold in two out of three 7D12 mutants studied, and binding is restored upon exposure to 365 nm light. Molecular dynamics simulations explain the difference in effect of photocaging on 7D12‐EGFR interaction among the mutants. Finally, we demonstrate the application of photoactive antibodies in delivering fluorophores to EGFR‐positive live cancer cells in a light‐dependent manner.
Enantioselective Control of Both Helical and Axial Stereogenic Elements though an Organocatalytic Approach
Authors: Jia Shiqi , Li Shan , Liu Yidong , Qin Wenling , Yan Hailong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA highly diastereo‐ and enantio‐selective method for the asymmetric synthesis of molecules containing helicenes and stereogenic axes was developed based on organocatalysis. Various compounds bearing both helical and axial stereogenic elements were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities. The mechanism study revealed that the reaction proceeded through two stages: 1) The first cyclization produces a reaction intermediate containing a stereogenic axis. 2) The dynamic kinetic resolution of helix reaction intermediate following with cyclization generates a helix and another stereogenic axis.
Regioselektive Hydrosilylierung von Olefinen katalysiert durch ein molekulares Calciumhydrid‐Kation
Authors: Schuhknecht Danny , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChemo‐ und Regioselektivität sind bei der Hydrosilylierung von Olefinen durch d‐ und f‐Block‐Metallkomplexe häufig schwer zu kontrollieren. Das durch einen NNNN‐Makrozyklus stabilisierte kationische Calciumhydrid [CaH]+katalysiert die regioselektive Hydrosilylierung von aliphatischen Olefinen zu Anti‐Markownikow‐Produkten sowie die Markownikow‐selektive Hydrosilylierung von Aryl‐substituierten Olefinen. Die effektive Hydrosilylierung von Ethen mit primären und sekundären Hydrosilanen ergab zwei‐ und einfach ethylierte Silane. Im Vergleich zu anderen häufig verwendeten Hydrosilanen reagierten aliphatische Hydrosilane bevorzugt. Das nukleophile Hydrid begünstigte Austauschreaktionen von Arylsilanen wie PhSiH3, während Alkoxy‐ und Siloxyhydrosilane isolierbare Calcium‐Alkoxid‐ und Siloxid‐Derivate ergaben.