bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte dysfunction following molybdenum-associated purine loading could initiate Parkinson’s disease with dementia
Authors: Bourke Christopher A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSporadic or idiopathic Parkinson’s disease is a movement disorder with a worldwide distribution, a long pre-clinical latent period and a frequent association with dementia. The combination of molybdenum deficiency and purine ingestion could explain the movement disorder, the distribution, the latent period and the dementia association. Recent studies in sheep have shown that molybdenum deficiency enables some dietary purines to accumulate in the central nervous system. This causes astrocyte dysfunction, altered neuromodulation and eventually irreversible central nervous system disease. Humans and sheep share the ability to salvage purines and this ability places humans at risk when they ingest xanthosine, inosine, adenosine and guanosine. Adenosine ingestion in molybdenum-deficient humans will lead to adenosine loading and potentially a disturbance to the A2a adenosine receptors in the nigro-striatum. This could result in Parkinson’s disease. Guanosine ingestion in molybdenum-deficient humans will lead to guanosine loading and potentially a disturbance to the guanosine receptors in the hippocampus, amygdala and ventral striatum. This could result in dementia. The molybdenum content of the average daily diet in the United States is 0.07 ppm and in the United Kingdom 0.04 ppm. Central nervous system disease occurs in sheep at <0.04 ppm. Consistent with the role proposed for molybdenum deficiency in Parkinson’s disease is the observation that affected individuals have elevated sulfur amino acid levels, depressed sulfate levels, and depressed uric acid levels. Likewise the geographical distribution of Parkinson’s dementia complex on Guam corresponds with the distribution of molybdenum-deficient soils hence molybdenum-deficient food gardens on that island.
Quantifying the impact of simple DNA parameters on the cyclization J-factor for single-basepair-addition families
Authors: Tong Yunjin , Manning Robert S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe use Monte Carlo simulation to quantify the change in cyclization J-factor within a dramatically simplified model of DNA that involves parameters for uniform stiffnesses, intrinsic twist, and intrinsic bending (including nonplanar bending). Plots of J versus DNA length over multiple periods of helical repeat are fit to a simple functional form in order to project the behavior of J over a broad range of these model parameters. In some instances, this process allows us to find families of DNA molecules (within our model) with quite different material properties, but very similar plots of J versus length, so similar as to likely to be indistinguishable by experiments. This effect is seen both for the parameter-pair of bend angle and stiffness scaling, as well as for the parameter-trio of helical repeat, bend angle, and bend non-planarity.
Phosphatidylglycerol Incorporates into Cardiolipin to Improve Mitochondrial Activity and Inhibits Inflammation
Authors: Chen Wei-Wei , Chao Yu-Jen , Chang Wan-Hsin , Chan Jui-Fen , Hsu Yuan-Hao Howard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChronic inflammation and concomitant oxidative stress can induce mitochondrial dysfunction due to cardiolipin (CL) abnormalities in the mitochondrial inner membrane. To examine the responses of mitochondria to inflammation, macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were activated by Kdo2-Lipid A (KLA) in our inflammation model, and then the mitochondrial CL profile, mitochondrial activity, and the mRNA expression of CL metabolism-related genes were examined. The results demonstrated that KLA activation caused CL desaturation and the partial loss of mitochondrial activity. KLA activation also induced the gene upregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and phospholipid scramblase 3, and the gene downregulation of COX-1, lipoxygenase 5, and Δ-6 desaturase. We further examined the phophatidylglycerol (PG) inhibition effects on inflammation. PG supplementation resulted in a 358-fold inhibition of COX-2 mRNA expression. PG(18:1)2 and PG(18:2)2 were incorporated into CLs to considerably alter the CL profile. The decreased CL and increased monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) quantity resulted in a reduced CL/MLCL ratio. KLA-activated macrophages responded differentially to PG(18:1)2 and PG(18:2)2 supplementation. Specifically, PG(18:1)2 induced less changes in the CL/MLCL ratio than did PG(18:2)2, which resulted in a 50% reduction in the CL/MLCL ratio. However, both PG types rescued 20–30% of the mitochondrial activity that had been affected by KLA activation.
Early and late scanning electron microscopy findings in diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Conti Sara , Perico Norberto , Novelli Rubina , Carrara Camillo , Benigni Ariela , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN), the single strongest predictor of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, is characterized by initial glomerular hyperfiltration with subsequent progressive renal function loss with or without albuminuria, greatly accelerated with the onset of overt proteinuria. Experimental and clinical studies have convincingly shown that early interventions retard disease progression, while treatment if started late in the disease course seldom modifies the slope of GFR decline. Here we assessed whether the negligible renoprotection afforded by drugs in patients with proteinuric DN could be due to loss of glomerular structural integrity, explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In diabetic patients with early renal disease, glomerular structural integrity was largely preserved. At variance SEM documented that in the late stage of proteinuric DN, glomerular structure was subverted with nearly complete loss of podocytes and lobular transformation of the glomerular basement membrane. In these circumstances one can reasonably imply that any form of treatment, albeit personalized, is unlikely to reach a given cellular or molecular target. These findings should persuade physicians to start the putative renoprotective therapy soon after the diagnosis of diabetes or in an early phase of the disease before structural integrity of the glomerular filter is irreversibly compromised.
Infant anemia is associated with reduced TLR-stimulated cytokine responses and increased nasopharyngeal colonization with Moxarella catarrhalis
Authors: Liao Sui-Ling , Hsu Shih-Yun , Lai Shen-Hao , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Hua Man-Chin , Yao Tsung-Chieh , Chen Li-Chen , Tsai Ming-Han , Huang Jing-Long 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAnemia is a major public health problem in young children. Reports on the role of anemia on infectious diseases remained controversial. We aim to investigate the effect of anemia on innate immunity, nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization, and subsequent infectious outcome. Blood tests were examined at the age of 12 months. TLR-induced cytokine production was assessed by ELISA. Bacteria from nasopharyngeal specimens were identified with traditional culture. Clinical infectious diseases were followed yearly until 3 years of age. Result showed that of the 423 infants, 72 had hemoglobin level ≤ 11 g/dL, among which 55% had normal iron level. There was significant association between hemoglobin level and TLR1–2, and 4 induced IL-6 (p = 0.04, 0.02) and that of TLR4 stimulated TNF-α response (p = 0.04). Children with anemia had higher nasopharyngeal colonization with Moxarella catarrhalis. Clinical analysis did not show anemia to be associated with infectious morbidity. However, children who developed LRTIs had mean lower ferritin levels. We speculated that iron might be the key factor related to infectious morbidity. Thus, to investigate the role of anemia in infectious diseases, it is important to first consider the prevalence of iron deficit, since the incidence of iron deficiency-induced anemia may vary among different regions.
Effect of Electrical Contact Resistance on Measurement of Thermal Conductivity and Wiedemann-Franz Law for Individual Metallic Nanowires
Authors: Wang Jianli , Wu Zhizheng , Mao Chengkun , Zhao Yunfeng , Yang Juekuan , Chen Yunfei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe electrical and thermal properties of metallic nanostructures have attracted considerable fundamental and technological interests. Recent studies confirmed a dramatic decrease in the electrical and thermal conductivities when the dimension is comparable or even smaller than the electron mean free path. However, the verification of the Wiedemann-Franz law in these nanostructures remains hotly debated. The Lorenz number obtained from the two-probe measurement is found to be much larger than that from the four-probe measurement. Here, we reported the electrical and thermal properties of the individual silver nanowires measured by the two-probe and four-probe configurations. The measured electrical contact resistance is found to be nearly temperature-independent, indicating a ballistic-dominant electronic transport at the contacts. When the effect of thermal contact resistance is diminished, the Lorenz number measured by the four-probe configuration is comparable to the Sommerfeld value, verifying that the Wiedemann-Franz law holds in the monocrystalline-like silver nanowire. Comparatively, the derived electrical conductivity becomes smaller and the thermal conductivity becomes larger in the two-probe measurement, confirming that the electrical contact resistance will introduce a large error. The present study experimentally demonstrates a reasonable explanation to the discouragingly broad span in the Lorenz number obtained from different metallic nanostructures.
Propagation of a global coronal wave and its interaction with large-scale coronal magnetic structures
Authors: Afanasyev A. N. , Zhukov A. N. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Global coronal waves associated with solar eruptions (the so-called EIT waves) often encounter coronal holes and solar active regions and interact with these magnetic structures. This interaction leads to a number of observed effects such as wave reflection and transmission.
Aims. We consider the propagation of a large-scale coronal shock wave and its interaction with large-scale non-uniformities of the background magnetic field and plasma parameters.
Methods. Using the Lare2d code, we performed 2.5-dimensional simulations of the interaction of a large-scale single-pulse fast-mode magnetohydrodynamic shock wave of weak-to-moderate intensity with the region of enhanced Alfvén speed as well as with that of reduced Alfvén speed. We analysed simple models of non-uniformity and the surrounding plasma to understand the basic effects in wave propagation.
Results. We found the reflected waves of plasma compression and rarefaction, transmitted waves that propagate behind or ahead of the main part of the wave, depending on properties of the plasma non-uniformity, and secondary wave fronts. The obtained results are important to the correct interpretation of the global coronal wave propagation in the solar corona, understanding of theoretical aspects of the interaction of large-scale coronal shock waves with large-scale coronal magnetic structures, and diagnostics of coronal plasma parameters.
Probing midplane CO abundance and gas temperature with DCO+
in the protoplanetary disk around HD 169142
Authors: Carney M. T. , Fedele D. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Favre C. , Walsh C. , Bruderer S. , Miotello A. , Murillo N. M. , Klaassen P. D. , Henning Th. , van Dishoeck E. F. 
Published: March 2018

Context. Physical and chemical processes in protoplanetary disks affect the disk structure and the midplane environment within which planets form. The simple deuterated molecular cation DCO+ has been proposed to act as a tracer of the disk midplane conditions.
Aims. This work aims to understand which midplane conditions are probed by the DCO+ emission in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 169142. We explore the sensitivity of the DCO+ formation pathways to gas temperature and CO abundance.
Methods. The DCO+ J = 3−2 transition was observed with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at a spatial resolution of ~0.3′′ (35 AU at 117 pc). We modeled the DCO+ emission in HD 169142 with a physical disk structure adapted from the literature, and employed a simple deuterium chemical network to investigate the formation of DCO+ through the cold deuterium fractionation pathway via H2D+. Parameterized models are used to modify the gas temperature and CO abundance structure of the disk midplane to test their effect on DCO+ production. Contributions from the warm deuterium fractionation pathway via CH2D+ are approximated using a constant abundance in the intermediate disk layers.
Results. The DCO+ line is detected in the HD 169142 disk with a total integrated line flux of 730 ± 73 mJy km s−1. The radial intensity profile reveals a warm, inner component of the DCO+ emission at radii ≲30 AU and a broad, ring-like structure from ~50–230 AU with a peak at 100 AU just beyond the edge of the millimeter grain distribution. Parameterized models show that alterations to the midplane gas temperature and CO abundance are both needed to recover the observed DCO+ radial intensity profile. The alterations are relative to the fiducial physical structure of the literature model constrained by dust and CO observations. The best-fit model contains a shadowed, cold midplane in the region z∕r < 0.1 with an 8 K decrease in Tgas and a factor of five CO depletion just beyond the millimeter grains (r = 83 AU), and a 2 K decrease in Tgas for r > 120 AU. The warm deuterium fractionation pathway is implemented as a constant DCO+ abundance of 2.0 × 10−12 between 30–70 K and contributes >85% to the DCO+ emission at r < 83 AU in the best-fit model.
Conclusions. The DCO+ emission probes a reservoir of cold material in the HD 169142 outer disk that is not probed by the millimeter continuum, the spectral energy distribution, nor the emission from the 12 CO, 13 CO, or C18O J = 2−1 lines. The DCO+ emission is a sensitive probe of gas temperature and CO abundance near the disk midplane and provides information about the outer disk beyond the millimeter continuum distribution that is largely absent in abundant gaseous tracers such as CO isotopologues.
Focus Section Health IT Usability: Applying a Task-Technology Fit Model to Adapt an Electronic Patient Portal for Patient Work
Authors: Ali Sana , Romero Juana , Morrison Kevin , Hafeez Baria , Ancker Jessica 
Published: March 2018

Objectives Although electronic patient portals are offered by most health care organizations, poor usability and poor fit to patient needs may pose barriers to adoption. We collaborated with an academic hospital to conduct iterative user evaluation of a newly deployed portal designed to deliver inpatient data upon hospital discharge.
Methods Three evaluators applied heuristic usability evaluation and conducted 23 individual user testing sessions with patients with chronic disease or managing the care of family members with chronic disease. Evaluation and development/improvement were conducted iteratively. User testing and analysis of qualitative data were both conducted from the perspective of a task-technology fit framework, to assess the degree of fit between the portal and patient work.
Results Ability to complete health information management tasks, perceived usability, and positive comments from users improved over the course of the iterative development. However, patients still encountered significant difficulties accomplishing certain tasks such as setting up proxy accounts. The problems were most severe when patients did not start with a clear understanding of tasks that they could accomplish. In exploring the portal, novice users frequently described anecdotes from their own medical history or constructed fictional narratives about a hypothetical patient.
Conclusion Chronic illness imposes a significant workload on patients, and applying a task-technology framework for evaluation of a patient portal helped improve the portal's fit to patient needs. However, it also revealed that patients often lack a clear understanding of tasks that would help them accomplish personal health information management. Portal developers may need to educate patients about types of patient work involving medical centers, in a way that developers of clinical information systems do not need to do. An approach to doing this might be to provide narratives about hypothetical patients.
Validation and Refinement of a Pain Information Model from EHR Flowsheet Data
Authors: Westra Bonnie , Johnson Steven , Ali Samira , Bavuso Karen , Cruz Christopher , Collins Sarah , Furukawa Meg , Hook Mary , LaFlamme Anne , Lytle Kay , Pruinelli Lisiane , Rajchel Tari , Settergren Theresa , Westman Kathryn , Whittenburg Luann 
Published: March 2018

Background Secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data can reduce costs of research and quality reporting. However, EHR data must be consistent within and across organizations. Flowsheet data provide a rich source of interprofessional data and represents a high volume of documentation; however, content is not standardized. Health care organizations design and implement customized content for different care areas creating duplicative data that is noncomparable. In a prior study, 10 information models (IMs) were derived from an EHR that included 2.4 million patients. There was a need to evaluate the generalizability of the models across organizations. The pain IM was selected for evaluation and refinement because pain is a commonly occurring problem associated with high costs for pain management.
Objective The purpose of our study was to validate and further refine a pain IM from EHR flowsheet data that standardizes pain concepts, definitions, and associated value sets for assessments, goals, interventions, and outcomes.
Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted using an iterative consensus-based approach to map, analyze, and evaluate data from 10 organizations.
Results The aggregated metadata from the EHRs of 8 large health care organizations and the design build in 2 additional organizations represented flowsheet data from 6.6 million patients, 27 million encounters, and 683 million observations. The final pain IM has 30 concepts, 4 panels (classes), and 396 value set items. Results are built on Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) pain assessment terms and extend the need for additional terms to support interoperability.
Conclusion The resulting pain IM is a consensus model based on actual EHR documentation in the participating health systems. The IM captures the most important concepts related to pain.
Klassenklima, schulisches Wohlbefinden und Gesundheit von Schülerinnen und Schülern in Deutschland: Ergebnisse des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS)
Authors: Rathmann Katharina , Herke Max , Hurrelmann Klaus , Richter Matthias 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel des Beitrags ist es, erstmalig mit den Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels den Zusammenhang zwischen Merkmalen des Klassenklimas und des schulischen Wohlbefindens mit der selbstberichteten Gesundheit und krankheitsbedingten Schulfehltagen von Schülern in deutschen Regelschulen zu untersuchen.
Methodik Datenbasis bildet das Nationale Bildungspanel (NEPS). Die Stichprobe umfasst (n=7348) Schüler der siebten Klassen in Regelschulen (Startkohorte 3, Welle 3, 2012). Merkmale des Klassenklimas umfassen Anforderungen, Kontrolle und Lernorientierung im Unterricht, Autonomie und Interaktion der Schüler sowie die Unterrichtsqualität, jeweils auf die Lehrkräfte in Deutsch bezogen. Das schulische Wohlbefinden wird über die Schulzufriedenheit sowie Hilflosigkeit in zentralen Schulfächern erfasst. Es werden sowohl bivariate Analysen als auch logistische Mehrebenenmodelle, unter Kontrolle von Alter, Geschlecht und besuchter Schulform, durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse der Mehrebenenmodelle zeigen, dass insbesondere Schüler mit einer höheren Schulzufriedenheit eine bessere Gesundheit und weniger krankheitsbedingte Fehltage berichten. Eine höhere Hilflosigkeit und Lernorientierung sind dagegen negativ mit beiden Zielgrößen assoziiert. Hauptschüler besitzen zudem ein erhöhtes Risiko krankheitsbedingter Fehltage im Vergleich zu Gymnasiasten.
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen, dass insbesondere das schulische Wohlbefinden in Form der Schulzufriedenheit sowie der Hilflosigkeit in zentralen Schulfächern eng mit der subjektiven Gesundheit und krankheitsbedingten Fehltagen assoziiert ist. Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung sollten daher v. a. auf das schulische Wohlbefinden gerichtet werden sowie Schüler adressieren, die eine andere Schulform als das Gymnasium besuchen.
Akute Lungenembolie – Update 2018
Authors: Lankeit Mareike , Hobohm Lukas , Konstantinides Stavros 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie akute Lungenembolie ist die dritthäufigste akute kardiovaskuläre Erkrankung und geht mit einer durchschnittlichen Letalitätsrate von bis zu 10% innerhalb der ersten 3 Monate einher. Themen dieses Übersichtsartikels sind insbesondere die risikoadaptierte Diagnostik und Therapie der akuten Lungenembolie.
Adaptive diversification of growth allometry in the plantArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vasseur François , Exposito-Alonso Moises , Ayala-Garay Oscar J. , Wang George , Enquist Brian J. , Vile Denis , Violle Cyrille , Weigel Detlef 
Published: March 2018

SignificanceAre there biological constants unifying phenotypic diversity across scales? Metabolic scaling theory (MST) predicts mathematical regularity and constancy in the allometric scaling of growth rate with body size across species. Here we show that adaptation to climate inArabidopsis thalianais associated with local strains that substantially deviate from the values predicted by MST. This deviation can be linked to increased stress tolerance at the expense of seed production, and it occurs through selection on genes that are involved in the abiotic stress response and are geographically correlated with climatic conditions. This highlights the evolutionary role of allometric diversification and helps establish the physiological bases of plant adaptation to contrasting environments.
An EZH2-mediated epigenetic mechanism behind p53-dependent tissue sensitivity to DNA damage
Authors: Kuser-Abali Gamze , Gong Lu , Yan Jiawei , Liu Qingqing , Zeng Weiqi , Williamson Amanda , Lim Chuan Bian , Molloy Mary Ellen , Little John B. , Huang Lei , Yuan Zhi-Min 
Published: March 2018

Significance
p53 is widely perceived as a determinant of sensitivity to radio-/chemotherapy. We report a distinct mechanism whereby p53-regulated MDM2 works together with MDMX to modulate sensitivity to DNA damage by controlling EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) turnover. Our work uncovers a mechanism of chromatin modification underlying tissue sensitivity to DNA damage. The MDM2/MDMX disruptor can be used for protecting renewable tissues from chemo-/radiotherapy-induced damage, and the EZH2 inhibitor for sensitizing p53-mutant cancer cells to chemo-/radiotherapy.
On the number of dominating Fourier coefficients of two newforms
Authors: Chiriac Liubomir 
Published: March 2018

Let

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λ
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(
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(

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2

q
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f\!=\!\sum _{n\geq 1} \lambda _f(n)n^{(k_1-1)/2}q^n

and

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g\!=\!\sum _{n\geq 1} \lambda _g(n)n^{(k_2-1)/2}q^n

be two newforms with real Fourier coeffcients. If

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and

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do not have complex multiplication and are not related by a character twist, we prove that

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|

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\begin{equation*} \#\{n\leq x~|~\lambda _f(n)>\lambda _g(n)\}\gg x. \end{equation*}