bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐onset ulcerative colitis in pregnancy associated to toxic megacolon and sudden fetal decompensation: Case report and literature review
Authors: Brunelli Roberto , Perrone Seila , Perrone Giuseppina , Galoppi Paola , De Stefano Maria G. , Maragno Anna M. , Cesarini Monica , De Carolis Aurora , Masselli Gabriele , Vernia Piero 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease rarely arising during gestation. Because the available information is based on case reports or small retrospective studies, diagnosis may be difficult and treatment is still controversial. A case of toxic megacolon developing in late pregnancy associated to a sudden fetal decompensation is described. Diagnostic and clinical topics of acute UC onset in pregnancy are debated.A primipara, 34 years old, 33/0 weeks of gestation, was admitted with a diagnosis of preterm labor, associated to acute bloody diarrhea (up to 10 daily motions) and cramping abdominal pain. A diagnosis of new‐onset early‐stage UC was made by sigmoidoscopy. An intensive care regimen including hydrocortisone, antibiotics and parenteral nutrition was immediately started. Magnetic resonance imaging of maternal abdomen, fostered by the worsening patient conditions, evidenced dilatation of the entire colon and a severely hampered of fetal muscular tone.Toxic megacolon complicated by superimposed Clostridium difficile infection was associated to a sudden fetal decompensation diagnosed by chance during maternal abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. An emergency cesarean section was mandatory. According to a senior surgeon's decision, total colectomy was not immediately performed following cesarean section with reference to the absence of colonic perforation. We obtained a good short‐term maternal outcome and an uncomplicated neonatal course. Counseling of those patients must be focused on timely and multidisciplinary intervention in order to improve the course of maternal disease and to prevent fetal distress.
Malignant transformation of craniomaxillofacial fibro‐osseous lesions: A systematic review
Authors: Wagner Vivian P. , Carlos Roman , Romañach Mário J. , Lopes Marcio A. , Speight Paul M. , Vargas Pablo A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature concerning all documented cases of malignant transformation of craniomaxillofacial fibro‐osseous lesions (FOLs). Three electronic databases were searched. Data were evaluated descriptively. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed and compared using the log‐rank test. A critical appraisal of included articles was performed through the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. A total of 19 studies including 27 patients were selected for data extraction. Twenty‐six cases were initially diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia and one as ossifying fibroma. The mean age at the time of malignant transformation was 38.11 years, and the average time from initial diagnosis to malignant transformation was 18.2 years. The male:female ratio was 1:1.2, and the maxilla:mandible ratio was 1.5:1. The histological type of the malignant tumor was predominantly osteosarcoma. Follow‐up was available for 21 patients. The 3‐year overall survival rate was 51%. Mandible tumors and diagnoses other than osteosarcoma tended to have poor survival rates, but no significant difference was identified. We concluded that between all FOLs, only fibrous dysplasia seems to have a considerable increased risk of malignant transformation. Thus, a regular and long follow‐up period is advised.
Identity Multiplicity, National Group Contact, and Acculturation: The Role of Identity‐Related Cognitions
Authors: Sixtus Frederick , Wesche Jenny S. , Kerschreiter Rudolf 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPersons with migration background (PMB) face the question of whether they can become full members of the receiving society, and at the same time maintain their ethnic group identity and culture. Alongside experiences of contact with the national group, this research examined the role of three identity‐related cognitions for PMB's acculturation attitudes: (1) perceived permeability and (2) perceived compatibility of national and ethnic identities, and (3) perceived overlap of ethnic and religious identities. Data from two groups—Muslim Palestinian and Christian Hungarian PMB in Germany—provided initial support for the model. Multigroup path analysis showed that positive contact related positively with cultural adoption, both directly and indirectly via permeability, whereas negative contact related negatively only in sample 2. Compatibility moderated the association between the acculturation attitudes. Perceived overlap showed differential effects for Christian and Muslim PMB. The results highlight that different immigration groups face different contexts of integration. Implications for the study of religious identity and identity multiplicity are discussed.
A first report of microtektites from the shell beds of southwestern Florida
Authors: Meyer Mike , Harries Peter J. , Portell Roger W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Plio‐Pleistocene Upper Tamiami Formation (Pinecrest beds) of Florida is well known for its fossiliferous shell beds, but not for its extraterrestrial material. Here we report the first occurrence of tiny (~200 μm in diameter) silica‐rich microspherules from this unit and from the state. This material was analyzed using petrographic and elemental methods using energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The majority of microspherules are glassy and translucent in reflected light with some displaying “contact pairs” (equal‐sized micro‐spherules attached to each other). Broken microspherules cleave conchoidally, often with small internal spherical vesicles, but most lack any other evidence of internal features, such as layering. Using the EDS data, the microspherules were compared to volcanic rocks, microtektites, and cosmic spherules (micrometeorites). Based on their physical characteristics and elemental compositions these are likely microtektites or a closely related type of material. The high Na content in the examined material deviates significantly from the abundances usually found in micrometeorites and tektite material; this is enigmatic and requires further study. This material may be derived from a nearby previously unknown impact event; however, more material and sites are required to confirm the source of this material. Because of the focus on molluscan fossils in southwestern Florida shell beds, microtektite material has likely been overlooked in the past, and it is probable that these microspherules are in abundance elsewhere in these units and possibly throughout the region.
The rise and fall of differentiated sex chromosomes in geckos
Authors: Rovatsos Michail , Farkačová Klára , Altmanová Marie , Johnson Pokorná Martina , Kratochvíl Lukáš 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmniotes possess variability in sex determination, ranging from environmental sex determination to genotypic sex determination with differentiated sex chromosomes. Differentiated sex chromosomes have emerged independently several times. Their noteworthy convergent characteristic is the evolutionary stability, documented among amniotes in mammals, birds, and some lineages of lizards, snakes and turtles. Combining the analysis of multiple partial transcriptomes with the comparison of copy gene numbers between male and female genomes, we uncovered partial gene content of the highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in the gecko genus Paroedura. The differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of these geckos share genes with the part of the chicken chromosome 4 homologous with the XX/XY sex chromosomes of viviparous mammals and the ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of lacertid lizards, as well as with the chicken chromosome 15, homologous with the XX/XY sex chromosomes of iguanas and ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes of softshell turtles. Along with other analogous cases, this finding reinforces the observation that particular chromosomes are repeatedly coopted for the function of sex chromosomes in amniotes. Notably, according to the phylogenetic distribution, the subclade of the genus Paroedura represents a rare case of the reversal of the for a considerable evolutionary time highly differentiated ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes back to poorly differentiated state.
Heme catabolism in the causative agent of anthrax
Authors: Clark Justin , Terwilliger Austen , Nguyen Chinh , Green Sabrina , Nobles Chris , Maresso Anthony 
Published: May 2019

SummaryA challenge common to all bacterial pathogens is to acquire nutrients from hostile host environments. Iron is an important cofactor required for essential cellular processes such as DNA repair, energy production and redox balance. Within a mammalian host, most iron is sequestered within heme, which in turn is predominantly bound by hemoglobin. While little is understood about the mechanisms by which bacterial hemophores attain heme from host‐hemoglobin, even less is known about intracellular heme processing. Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, displays a remarkable ability to grow in mammalian hosts. Hypothesizing this pathogen harbors robust ways to catabolize heme, we characterize two new intracellular heme‐binding proteins that are distinct from the previously described IsdG heme monooxygenase. The first of these, HmoA, binds and degrades heme, is necessary for heme detoxification and facilitates growth on heme iron sources. The second protein, HmoB, binds and degrades heme too, but is not necessary for heme utilization or virulence. The loss of both HmoA and IsdG renders B. anthracis incapable of causing anthrax disease. The additional loss of HmoB in this background increases clearance of bacilli in lungs, which is consistent with this protein being important for survival in alveolar macrophages.
Identification and functional evaluation of accessible chromatin associated with wood formation in Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Brown Katrien , Takawira Lazarus T. , O'Neill Marja M. , Mizrachi Eshchar , Myburg Alexander A. , Hussey Steven G. 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Accessible chromatin changes dynamically during development and harbours functional regulatory regions which are poorly understood in the context of wood development. We explored the importance of accessible chromatin in Eucalyptus grandis in immature xylem generally, and MYB transcription factor‐mediated transcriptional programmes specifically.

We identified biologically reproducible DNase I Hypersensitive Sites (DHSs) and assessed their functional significance in immature xylem through their associations with gene expression, epigenomic data and DNA sequence conservation. We identified in vitro DNA binding sites for six secondary cell wall‐associated Eucalyptus MYB (EgrMYB) transcription factors using DAP‐seq, reconstructed protein‐DNA networks of predicted targets based on binding sites within or outside DHSs and assessed biological enrichment of these networks with published datasets.

25 319 identified immature xylem DHSs were associated with increased transcription and significantly enriched for various epigenetic signatures (H3K4me3, H3K27me3, RNA pol II), conserved noncoding sequences and depleted single nucleotide variants. Predicted networks built from EgrMYB binding sites located in accessible chromatin were significantly enriched for systems biology datasets relevant to wood formation, whereas those occurring in inaccessible chromatin were not.

Our study demonstrates that DHSs in E. grandis immature xylem, most of which are intergenic, are of functional significance to gene regulation in this tissue.
Effect of anesthesia for hypospadias repair on perioperative complications
Authors: Splinter William M. , Kim Jarmila , Kim Alexa M. , Harrison Mary‐Ann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent publications from the United States, India, and Korea report that children undergoing hypospadias repair with caudal regional anesthesia/analgesia could have increased postoperative surgical complications.AimsThe purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the impact between caudal regional anesthesia, other regional anesthesia, and no regional anesthesia on complications after hypospadias repair at a tertiary care children's hospital in Ottawa, Canada, with an expectation to changing practices if a link was found.MethodWe reviewed the health records of 827 children with hypospadias undergoing penile surgery from January 1991‐June 2017. The final sample size for the analysis consisted of 764 patients and 825 procedures.ResultsThe overall complications were almost identical when considering anesthesia effects, and this similarity persisted when we assessed specifically for only surgical complications. We had 716, 94, and 15 subjects who had a caudal block, penile block, and general anesthesia only, respectively, and their complication rates were 28, 31, and 27%, respectively, and their fistula formation rates were 10, 6, and 0%, respectively, and their stricture formation rates were 8, 7, and 20%,, respectively. Hypospadias type and surgical repair technique were marked predictors of complications in the postoperative period.ConclusionAnesthesia technique appears to have minor impact on complications after hypospadias repair, while surgical technique and type of hypospadias impact complications after hypospadias surgery in children. Based upon these results, we will not change our current practice of using a variety of regional anesthesia techniques for children undergoing hypospadias repair.
Poetry, Painting and Change on the Edge of England
Authors: Tarlo Harriet , Tucker Judith 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article we discuss our creative research on and with a contested coastal community on one of the UK's last existing plotlands, the humberston Fitties. Plotlands can be briefly defined as places where individuals have historically self‐built holiday houses. This 56‐acre strip of land with 319 chalets is on the Humber estuary and lies close to Cleethorpes, a seaside resort, and Grimsby, a seaport now facing post‐industrial decline. Our cross‐disciplinary collaborative practice between poetry and visual art explores open, environmentally aware engagements and methodologies with landscape and rural place. We investigate the relation of social, environmental and energy politics, looking out to land and sea and back to the community. Our results include original art and poetry presented innovatively together in exhibitions and books, in addition to local people's responses to our methodologies and the work itself.
Long Work Hours and Job Satisfaction: Do Overworkers Get Trapped in Bad Jobs?
Authors: Fabian Mark , Breunig Robert 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveMotivated by a literature suggesting that people are getting “trapped” working long hours in jobs that they dislike, we investigate the relationship between overwork, job satisfaction, and job change.MethodsWe use panel data to follow overworkers who are dissatisfied with both their hours and their jobs overall, and fixed effects modelling to analyze the determinants of overwork.ResultsWe find that while overworkers might be dissatisfied with their hours they are otherwise pleased with their jobs. The few overworkers who get trapped in unsatisfying jobs are typically low educated and work in jobs characterized by rigid hour requirements. Such workers may require experience to command high wages, which may increase their opportunity cost of job change and limit their outside options and job mobility.ConclusionWe conclude that “trapped”, dissatisfied over‐workers are a rare phenomenon peculiar to a find industries.
The utility of intraoperative impression smear cytology of intracranial granular cell tumors: Three cases
Authors: Levitin Hilary A. , Foss Kari D. , Hague Devon W. , Connolly Sara L. , Vieson Miranda , Wycislo Kathryn L. , Lezmi Stephan , Lovett Mathew C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo adult male dogs (a 7‐year‐old shorthaired Chihuahua and 14‐year‐old Shih Tzu) and one adult female dog (a 9‐year‐old Maltese) presented for evaluation of new‐onset seizure activity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated a large, poorly marginated T2‐weighted hyperintense, and strong contrast enhancing extra‐axial mass in each case. A surgical biopsy for histopathologic evaluation was elected in all cases, and intraoperative impression smears were successfully obtained. Intraoperative cytology identified a homogenous population of round to polygonal cells with central to eccentric nuclei, coarse chromatin, and variably amphophilic to eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. Cytologic findings led to a suspected diagnosis of granular cell tumor (GCT) in all cases. Histopathologic review identified a densely cellular, unencapsulated neoplastic mass comprised of sheets of large round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm containing numerous eosinophilic intracytoplasmic granules, confirming the diagnosis of GCT in all cases. The cases reported here are unique in that they reveal an accurate intraoperative cytologic diagnosis of a rare canine central nervous system neoplasm. Intraoperative cytology of the intracranial masses could provide clinicians with important and quick diagnostic and prognostic information; therefore, expediting decisions made intraoperatively. Further research is warranted to determine the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative cytology for neoplasia in veterinary patients.
Hemorrhagic diathesis and bone marrow aplasia secondary to lomustine overdose in a dog
Authors: Henker Luan C. , Kemper Regina T. , Bianchi Simone P. , Bandinelli Marcele B. , Pavarini Saulo P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 9‐year‐old mixed breed 13 kg spayed female dog was presented for evaluation of two masses in the right abdominal mammary gland region. Surgery was conducted to excise the masses. A grade I complex mammary gland carcinoma and high grade (grade III) mast cell tumor with an inguinal lymph node metastasis were diagnosed. Forty‐seven days after the surgical procedure, the mast cell tumor relapsed, and neoadjuvant treatment with lomustine (81 mg/m2) was prescribed. Thirteen days from initiation of lomustine therapy, the dog was re‐presented to the hospital with bloody diarrhea, hematemesis, epistaxis, an elevated rectal temperature, depression, severe dehydration, and marked dyspnea. The CBC showed severe thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. According to the owner, lomustine (45mg per os [PO]) was mistakenly administered daily for 10 consecutive days (total dose, 810 mg/m2). The dog died and a necropsy was performed. The main gross lesions consisted of severe multifocal hemorrhages in multiple organs, especially in the digestive system. Histopathologic evaluation revealed disseminated hemorrhages, as well as marked bone marrow aplasia. This report describes the clinical, hematologic, gross, and histologic findings in a fatal case of lomustine overdose in a dog.
Asymptomatic weeds are frequently colonised by pathogenic species of Fusarium in cereal‐based crop rotations
Authors: Suproniene S , Kadziene G , Irzykowski W , Sneideris D , Ivanauskas A , Sakalauskas S , Serbiak P , Svegzda P , Kelpsiene J , Pranaitiene S , Jedryczka M 
Published: May 2019

SummarySeveral Fusarium species cause harmful cereal diseases, such as fusarium head blight and crown rot, which, during pathogenesis, may result in significant grain yield and quality losses. Several species of agricultural weed are believed to be alternative and reservoir hosts for Fusarium spp.; however, studies have not comprehensively evaluated those weed species in cropping systems that may harbour these fungi. The objective of this study was to determine weed species in cereal‐based crop rotations that are asymptomatically colonised by Fusarium spp. We sampled all species of weed present in fields that were managed under six different crop sequences in 2015 and 2016. The study yielded 2326 single‐spore isolates of Fusarium spp. derived from various organs of asymptomatic weeds. Isolates were identified morphologically and then confirmed using PCR with species‐specific primers and/or sequencing of tef1α gene fragments. Isolates of nine Fusarium spp. were obtained from 689 of the 744 individuals collected that represented 56 weed species. Each weed species harboured at least one species of Fusarium, and >80% were colonised by 3–9 Fusarium spp. In total, we identified 27 dicotyledonous weed species that were previously undocumented as Fusarium hosts and 251 new weed × Fusarium species combinations were revealed. Consequently, there is a greater risk of negative Fusarium impacts on cereal crops than was previously thought. We suggest effective weed management and inversion soil tillage may help mitigate these impacts.
Impact of Indian mustard growth and incorporation on annual weed population dynamics and communities
Authors: Lefebvre M , Leblanc M L , Watson A K 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBiofumigation from Brassica cover crops may be used to control soilborne pests and weeds. A study was conducted to understand the influence of biofumigation on key processes of annual weed population dynamics. Five combinations of Indian mustard (M) and oat (O) cover crop treatments were assessed in a 3 year field study at two locations in Québec, Canada. Treatments included four spring/fall cover crop combinations (M/M, M/O, O/M, O/O) and a weedy check control with no cover crop. Prior to mowing and incorporation of cover crops, weed identification, count and biomass measurements were recorded to evaluate the total weed density, to calculate the relative neighbour effect (RNE) and weed diversity metrics and to perform principal co‐ordinates analyses. Indian mustard cover crops had no impact on weed establishment in 2014 due to low biofumigant potential compared to the oat cover crop. In 2015 and 2016, Indian mustard isothiocyanate (ITC) production increased and weed establishment within the Indian mustard cover crop decreased. Moreover, post‐cover crop incorporation decreased the next year spring weed emergence. Allelopathic interference of Indian mustard was significant when plant tissues produced more than 600 μg of allyl‐ITC g−1. It is now possible to rationalise the use of Brassica cover crops and biofumigation for weed control with an enhanced understanding of the impact of biofumigation on key processes of weed population dynamics.