bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Cavity Enhanced XEOL of a Single ZnO Microrod by Using Multifunctional Hard X-ray Nanoprobe
Authors: Lin Bi-Hsuan , Li Xiao-Yun , Lin Dai-Jie , Jian Bo-Lun , Hsu Hsu-Cheng , Chen Huang-Yen , Tseng Shao-Chin , Lee Chien-Yu , Chen Bo-Yi , Yin Gung-Chian , Hsu Ming-Ying , Chang Shih-Hung , Tang Mau-Tsu , Hsieh Wen-Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe multifunctional hard X-ray nanoprobe at Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) exhibits the excellent ability to simultaneously characterize the X-ray absorption, X-ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) as well as the dynamics of XEOL of materials. Combining the scanning electron microscope (SEM) into the TPS 23A end-station, we can easily and quickly measure the optical properties to map out the morphology of a ZnO microrod. A special phenomenon has been observed that the oscillations in the XEOL associated with the confinement of the optical photons in the single ZnO microrod shows dramatical increase while the X-ray excitation energy is set across the Zn K-edge. Besides having the nano-scale spatial resolution, the synchrotron source also gives a good temporal domain measurement to investigate the luminescence dynamic process. The decay lifetimes of different emission wavelengths and can be simultaneously obtained from the streak image. Besides, SEM can provide the cathodoluminescence (CL) to be a complementary method to analyze the emission properties of materials, we anticipate that the X-ray nanoprobe will open new avenues with great characterization ability for developing nano/microsized optoelectronic devices.
Road dust biases NDVI and alters edaphic properties in Alaskan arctic tundra
Authors: Ackerman Daniel E. , Finlay Jacques C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncreased road-building activity in the arctic has the potential to impact adjacent ecosystems. Roads in permafrost regions are often built atop insulative gravel pads that generate dust plumes, altering soil chemistry and ecosystem function of nearby tundra. Here, we measure edaphic and vegetation characteristics along transects of decreasing dust deposition perpendicular to the Dalton Highway in northern Alaska. We quantify the impact of dust deposition on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a proxy for aboveground plant biomass. Deposition of calcium carbonate-rich dust declined from 1.625 grams m−2 day−1 immediately adjacent to the road, to negligible levels 625 meters away. Along these transects from the road, we found declines in soil moisture and temperature, thaw depth, shrub height, and foliar nitrogen content, indicating that tundra roads create corridors with edaphic conditions favorable to vascular plant growth. At sites nearest the road, dust deposited on leaf surfaces reduced measured NDVI values by 0.24 by blocking reflectance properties of the underlying leaves. Our findings on the impacts of roads and dust deposition on adjacent tundra may aid planning of future infrastructure projects. We caution that dust deposition may negatively bias NDVI-based estimates of plant biomass, especially where unpaved roads are common.
Regulatory mechanism predates the evolution of self-organizing capacity in simulated ant-like robots
Authors: Fujisawa Ryusuke , Ichinose Genki , Dobata Shigeto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evolution of complexity is one of the prime features of life on Earth. Although well accepted as the product of adaptation, the dynamics underlying the evolutionary build-up of complex adaptive systems remains poorly resolved. Using simulated robot swarms that exhibit ant-like group foraging with trail pheromones, we show that their self-organizing capacity paradoxically involves regulatory behavior that arises in advance. We focus on a traffic rule on their foraging trail as a regulatory trait. We allow the simulated robot swarms to evolve pheromone responsiveness and traffic rules simultaneously. In most cases, the traffic rule, initially arising as selectively neutral component behaviors, assists the group foraging system to bypass a fitness valley caused by overcrowding on the trail. Our study reveals a hitherto underappreciated role of regulatory mechanisms in the origin of complex adaptive systems, as well as highlights the importance of embodiment in the study of their evolution.
κ-Carrageenan and Aluminum Oxide as a Potential Replacement for Industry-Standard Materials in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Fabrication
Authors: Manguiam Von Louie R. , Cruz Nellie A. , Adornado Adonis P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Severe depletion of conventional sources of energy forced modern economies to actively participate in a global transition to renewable energy. With today’s modern technology, power, heat or mechanical energy can be produced by simply utilizing resources which can facilitate production of electricity. Energy converting devices such as fuel cells can perform and generate electricity using one-step electrochemical reactions. Fabrication of such technology uses materials which are of the highest quality and purity but are prohibitively expensive. To enable the Philippines to put up a fuel cell technology system to mitigate the dependence of the country on importation of energy sources as the demand continuously increase, the industry-based materials, Nafion® and cerium (IV) oxide, CeO2, were replaced by κ-carrageenan and aluminum oxide, Al2O3 as ion-exchange membrane and radical scavenger, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to verify graphene oxide (GO) formation, digital microscope (Mic-D) for surface morphology, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) meter for measuring cell potential. The fabricated proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generated a maximum cell potential of 543.6 mV at an operating temperature of 27°C. Thus, the fabricated PEMFC from a cheap, renewable, and highly available material in the Philippines is a promising alternative to the expensive Nafion®-based fuel cells.
Face Treatment Using Nonsurgical Mini-Invasive Techniques as Postsurgical Procedure for Traumatic Injury
Authors: Bertossi Dario , Dell’Acqua Irene , Albanese Massimo , Marchetti Pierpaolo , Nocini Pierfrancesco 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Facial trauma can cause major psychological damage and compromise a patient’s quality of life. Unfortunately, surgery cannot always solve this problem or provide an acceptable result.

Objectives
Treatment with injectables may provide a solution that is minimally invasive and better accepted by patients as a means to improve poor outcomes after facial trauma.

Methods
This retrospective study involved 50 patients (29 men, 21 women) who underwent primary surgery to treat facial trauma between January 2015 and January 2017. Based on the facial area affected by poor outcomes (upper face, midface, and lower face), patients underwent ≥1 aesthetic medicine treatments with hyaluronic acid dermal fillers and botulinum toxin injections. To evaluate patient satisfaction and the effect of the treatment on quality of life, patients were asked to complete 2 questionnaires, POSAS and FACE-Q, prior to treatment and 90 days after the last treatment session.

Results
Questionnaire scores indicated improvements in aesthetic and psychological metrics, perceived both by the patient and the observer.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive aesthetic treatments represent a valuable adjunct to surgical procedures for improving facial aesthetics after injury and consequently the quality of life of patients affected by facial trauma.

Level of Evidence: 4
SMARTCyp 3.0: enhanced cytochrome P450 site-of-metabolism prediction server
Authors: Olsen Lars , Montefiori Marco , Tran Khanhvi Phuc , Jørgensen Flemming Steen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Cytochromes P450 are the most important class of drug metabolizing enzymes. Prediction of drug metabolism is important in development of new drugs, to understand and reduce adverse drug reactions and to reduce animal testing.

Results
SMARTCyp 3.0 is an updated version of our previous web server for prediction of site-of-metabolism for Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism, now in Python 3 with increased structural coverage and new features. The SMARTCyp program is a first principle-based method using density functional theory determined activation energies for more than 250 molecules to identify the most likely site-of-metabolism. New features include a similarity measure between the query molecule and the model fragment, a new graphical interface and additional parameters expanding the structural coverage of the SMARTCyp program.

Availability and implementation
The SMARTCyp server is freely available for use on the web at smartcyp.sund.ku.dk.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘We’re giving you the sack’—Social Workers’ Perspectives of Intervening in Affluent Families When There Are Concerns about Child Neglect
Authors: Bernard Claudia , Greenwood Tom 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Few studies have examined social workers’ perspectives of child protection interventions in cases of child neglect in affluent families in the UK. Using the findings from a qualitative study, this article explores social workers’ experiences of intervening in affluent families when there are child protection concerns. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were used to gather data from thirty child protection professionals from twelve local authorities across England. Findings from the study are used to explore the complex relational dynamics and power relationships that practitioners have to traverse when intervening with affluent parents that have the material resources to resist social work intervention. The article concludes with a discussion of the skills and knowledge that are necessary for authoritative practice.
Fully discrete finite element approximation of unsteady flows of implicitly constituted incompressible fluids
Authors: Süli Endre , Tscherpel Tabea 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Implicit constitutive theory provides a very general framework for fluid flow models, including both Newtonian and generalized Newtonian fluids, where the Cauchy stress tensor and the rate of strain tensor are assumed to be related by an implicit relation associated with a maximal monotone graph. For incompressible unsteady flows of such fluids, subject to a homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition on a Lipschitz polytopal domain $\varOmega \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \in \{2,3\}$, we investigate a fully discrete approximation scheme, using a spatial mixed finite element approximation on general shape-regular simplicial meshes combined with backward Euler time-stepping. We consider the case when the velocity field belongs to the space of solenoidal functions contained in $\textrm{L}^\infty (0,T;\textrm{L}^2(\varOmega )^d)\cap \textrm{L}^q(0,T;\textrm{W}^{1,q}_0(\varOmega )^d)$ with $q\in \left (2d/(d+2), \infty \right )$, which is the maximal range of $q$ with respect to existence of weak solutions. In order to facilitate passage to the limit with the discretization parameters for the sub-range $q \in \left (2d/(d+2), (3d+2)/(d+2) \right )$, we introduce a regularization of the momentum equation by means of a penalty term, and first show convergence of a subsequence of approximate solutions to a weak solution of the regularized problem; we then pass to the limit with the regularization parameter. This is achieved by the use of a solenoidal parabolic Lipschitz truncation method, a local Minty-type monotonicity result, and various weak compactness techniques. For $q \geq (3d+2)/(d+2)$ convergence of a subsequence of approximate solutions to a weak solution can be shown directly, without the regularization term.
Spitzer mid-infrared detections of neutron star merger GW170817 suggests synthesis of the heaviest elements
Authors: Kasliwal Mansi M , Kasen Daniel , Lau Ryan M , Perley Daniel A , Rosswog Stephan , Ofek Eran O , Hotokezaka Kenta , Chary Ranga-Ram , Sollerman Jesper , Goobar Ariel , Kaplan David L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We report our Spitzer Space Telescope observations and detections of the binary neutron star merger GW170817. At 4.5 μm, GW170817 is detected at 21.9  mag AB at +43 days and 23.9 mag AB at +74 days after merger. At 3.6 μm, GW170817 is not detected to a limit of 23.2 mag AB at +43 days and 23.1 mag AB at +74 days. Our detections constitute the latest and reddest constraints on the kilonova/macronova emission and composition of heavy elements. The 4.5 μm luminosity at this late phase cannot be explained by elements exclusively from the first abundance peak of the r-process. Moreover, the steep decline in the Spitzer band, with a power-law index of 3.4 ± 0.2, can be explained by a few of the heaviest isotopes with half-life around 14  d dominating the luminosity (e.g. 140Ba, 143Pr, 147Nd, 156Eu, 191Os, 223Ra, 225Ra, 233Pa, 234Th) or a model with lower deposition efficiency. This data offers evidence that the heaviest elements in the second and third r-process abundance peak were indeed synthesized. Our conclusion is verified by both analytics and network simulations and robust despite intricacies and uncertainties in the nuclear physics. Future observations with Spitzer and James Webb Space Telescope will further illuminate the relative abundance of the synthesized heavy elements.
Updates in the management of intradural spinal cord tumors: a radiation oncology focus
Authors: Kotecha Rupesh , Mehta Minesh P , Chang Eric L , Brown Paul D , Suh John H , Lo Simon S , Das Sunit , Samawi Haider H , Keith Julia , Perry James , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Primary spinal cord tumors represent a hetereogeneous group of central nervous system malignancies whose management is complex given the relatively uncommon nature of the disease and variety of tumor subtypes, functional neurologic deficits from the tumor, and potential morbidities associated with definitive treatment. Advances in neuroimaging; integration of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive molecular testing into tumor classification; and developments in neurosurgical techniques have refined the current role of radiotherapy in the multimodal management of patients with primary spinal cord tumors, and corroborated the need for prospective, multidisciplinary discussion and treatment decision making. Radiotherapeutic technological advances have dramatically improved the entire continuum from treatment planning to treatment delivery, and the development of stereotactic radiosurgery and proton radiotherapy provides new radiotherapy options for patients treated in the definitive, adjuvant, or salvage setting. The objective of this comprehensive review is to provide a contemporary overview of the management of primary intradural spinal cord tumors, with a focus on radiotherapy.
Adipose Infiltration of the Dermis, Involving the Arrector Pili Muscle, and Dermal Displacement of Eccrine Sweat Coils: New Histologic Observations in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Authors: Miteva Mariya , Castillo David , Sabiq Samar 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an irreversible scarring alopecia, and its incidence has reached epidemic size. Immune privilege collapse of the bulge and epithelial mesenchymal transition play a role in the pathogenesis. We have noted adipose tissue in the dermis in several specimens from FFA.

Objective:
Our primary objective was to verify the presence of adipose tissue at the isthmus level in biopsies from FFA. Additional objectives included the presence of deep inflammation and position of the sweat coils.

Methods:
Eighty-three histologic specimens of FFA diagnosed at the Dermatopathology Laboratory at the Department of Dermatology, University of Miami, within 3 years were evaluated retrospectively. All biopsies were bisected horizontally and assessed at several levels. Sixty biopsies from androgenetic alopecia served as controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test. A P value of 0.05 or less was considered significant.

Results:
Sixty specimens met the inclusion criteria for optimal quality and classic diagnostic features. Seventy percent demonstrated fat tissue infiltration at the isthmus level as clusters of cells or small globules versus 23% of the controls. The fat infiltration in the arrector pili muscle (APM) was present in 55% versus 15% of the controls, and the sweat coils were positioned in the reticular dermis in 43% versus 1.7% of the controls. All results were statistically significant (P < 0.0001). When accounting for the simultaneous presence of any of these 3 variables, 30% of the FFA cases had triple positivity, 61.7% had double positivity, and 75% had at least 1 positive variable versus 0%, 15%, and 10%, respectively, of the controls.

Conclusion:
New histologic findings in FFA involve the presence of adipose tissue in the dermis. We believe that the close interaction of the hair follicles and the APM with the adipose tissue may play a role in APM degeneration and in epithelial mesenchymal transition.
Should They Stay or Should They Go? The Utility of C-Reactive Protein in Predicting Readmission and Anastomotic Leak After Colorectal Resection
Authors: Pantel Haddon J. , Jasak Lisa J. , Ricciardi Rocco , Marcello Peter W. , Roberts Patricia L. , Schoetz David J. , Read Thomas E. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Hospital readmission and anastomotic leak following colorectal resection have a negative impact on patients, surgeons, and the health care system. Novel markers of patients unlikely to experience these complications are of value in avoiding readmission.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aimed to determine the predictive value of C-reactive protein for readmission and anastomotic leak within 30 days following colorectal resection.

DESIGN:
This is a retrospective review of a prospectively compiled single-institution database.

PATIENTS:
From January 1, 2013, to July 20, 2017, consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal resection with anastomosis without the presence of proximal intestinal stoma, who had C-reactive protein measured on postoperative day 3, were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was the predictive value of C-reactive protein measured on postoperative day 3 for readmission or anastomotic leak within 30 days after colorectal resection.

RESULTS:
Of the 752 patients examined, 73 (10%) were readmitted within 30 days of surgery and 17 (2%) had an anastomotic leak. Mean C-reactive protein in patients who neither had an anastomotic leak nor were readmitted (127 ± 77 mg/L) was lower than for patients who were readmitted (157 ± 96 mg/L, p = 0.002) and lower than for patients who had an anastomotic leak (228 ± 123 mg/L, p = 0.0000002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for readmission was 0.59, with a cutoff value of 145 mg/L, generating a 93% negative predictive value. The area under the curve for the diagnostic accuracy of C-reactive protein for anastomotic leak was 0.76, with a cutoff value of 147 mg/L generating a 99% negative predictive value.

LIMITATIONS:
This study was limited by its retrospective design and because all patients were treated at a single center.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with a C-reactive protein below 145 mg/L on postoperative day 3 after colorectal resection have a low likelihood of readmission within 30 days, and a very low likelihood of anastomotic leak. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A761.
Lymphovascular Invasion and Perineural Invasion Negatively Impact Overall Survival for Stage II Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Authors: Skancke Matthew , Arnott Suzanne M. , Amdur Richard L. , Siegel Robert S. , Obias Vincent J. , Umapathi Bindu A. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
Lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion are histopathological features associated with higher-risk colon cancer.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasion on overall survival after diagnosis and to determine the protective effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for early adenocarcinoma with high-risk factors.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective database review of the 2010–2014 National Cancer Database for colon cancer.

SETTINGS:
Individuals diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinoma of the colon (histology code 8140) with primary surgical resection with >12 nodes harvested and no positive nodes on pathological examination were included.

PATIENTS:
A total of 32,493 patients underwent surgical resection for stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon.

INTERVENTIONS:
The study involved multivariate Cox regression analysis of the impact of lymphovascular and perineural invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy on overall survival after a diagnosis of stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Survival after a diagnosis of stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon was measured.

RESULTS:
Five-year survival after diagnosis and surgical resection without adjuvant chemotherapy was lower for patients with lymphovascular (60.0%), perineural (56.9%), and lymphovascular and perineural invasion (55.8%) compared with double-negative disease (66.1%). Log-rank testing confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy improved 5-year survival after diagnosis for lymphovascular (85.5%), perineural (83.6%), and lymphovascular and perineural invasion (74.3%). After controlling for differences in cohorts, Cox regression analysis showed an increased HR for mortality of 14.0% for lymphovascular (HR = 1.141 (95% CI, 1.060–1.228)), 32.1% for perineural (HR = 1.321 (95% CI, 1.176–1.483)), and 41.0% for lymphovascular and perineural invasion (HR = 1.409 (95% CI, 1.231–1.612)) compared with having neither. Chemotherapy showed a 43% reduction in hazard for mortality (HR = 0.570 (95% CI, 0.513–0.633)).

LIMITATIONS:
The study was limited by its retrospective review and observational bias.

CONCLUSIONS:
Lymphovascular and perineural invasion have a detrimental effect on survival after diagnosis of stage II adenocarcinoma of the colon. Chemotherapy may be protective specifically when lymphovascular and perineural invasion are present. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A786.
Diagnosis and Management of Parastomal Hernias
Authors: Okorji Leslie M. , Kasten Kevin R. 
Published: January 2019

CASE SUMMARY:
A 63-year-old woman with history of stage II rectal adenocarcinoma status postneoadjuvant chemoradiation and subsequent abdominoperineal resection presented with worsening bulge and inability to pouch stoma. CT scan revealed a 4-cm parastomal hernia. After discussion with the patient regarding management options, she elected to undergo repair of hernia defect. A robot-assisted laparoscopic parastomal hernia repair with synthetic mesh via the Sugarbaker technique was performed. After a short stay in the hospital, the patient recovered well and reported no recurrent symptoms.