bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of stator and rotor geometric parameters on rotor bar current waveform and performance of IMs
Authors: Gundogdu Tayfun , Zhu Zi‐Qiang , Mipo Jean‐Claude , Personnaz Sophie 
Published: April 2019

In this study, the influence of the stator and rotor geometric parameters on the rotor bar current waveform and performance characteristics of a squirrel‐cage induction machine (IM), based on a slot/pole number combination (48‐stator slot/8‐pole/52‐rotor slot), with the same winding layout, stator outer diameter, stack length, stator current, and rated speed as the Toyota Prius 2010 interior permanent magnet machine, is investigated. In order to reveal the individual influence of each parameter, parametric analyses have been conducted for each geometric parameter, and the corresponding variations of torque, torque ripple, power losses, and efficiency are numerically studied. It has been shown that in addition to rotor slot width, rotor slot depth, and stator slot width, corresponding to rotor tooth width, rotor tooth height, and stator tooth width, respectively, have a significant effect on the bar current waveform and performance characteristics while the slot opening widths have the least effect.
Schwannomatosis of the Spinal Accessory Nerve: A Case Report
Authors: Morshed Ramin , Lee Anthony , Lee Young , Chin Cynthia , Jacques Line 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSchwannomatosis is a distinct syndrome characterized by multiple peripheral nerve schwannomas that can be sporadic or familial in nature. Cases affecting the lower cranial nerves are infrequent. Here, the authors present a rare case of schwannomatosis affecting the left spinal accessory nerve. Upon genetic screening, an in-frame insertion at codon p.R177 of the Sox 10 gene was observed. There were no identifiable alterations in NF1, NF2, LZTR1, and SMARCB1. This case demonstrates a rare clinical presentation of schwannomatosis in addition to a genetic aberration that has not been previously reported in this disease context.
Differentially synchronized spiking enables multiplexed neural coding
Authors: Lankarany Milad , Al-Basha Dhekra , Ratté Stéphanie , Prescott Steven A. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The nervous system processes phenomenal amounts of information. This processing must be conducted efficiently. In telecommunications systems, efficiency is increased by transmitting multiple signals through a single communication channel, or multiplexing. Neurons also multiplex. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for multiplexing different features of aperiodic stimuli: Cortical neurons use the rate of asynchronous spiking to encode stimulus intensity while using the timing of synchronous spikes to encode abrupt changes in stimulus intensity. This is possible because high-contrast features (e.g., edges) evoke spikes that transiently synchronize across neurons, whereas low-contrast features evoke sustained asynchronous spiking whose rate is proportional to stimulus intensity. Differentially synchronized spiking evoked in the same neurons by different stimulus features enables the formation of multiplexed representations.
In vivo selective inhibition of TRPC6 by antagonist BI 749327 ameliorates fibrosis and dysfunction in cardiac and renal disease
Authors: Lin Brian Leei , Matera Damian , Doerner Julia F. , Zheng Nan , del Camino Donato , Mishra Sumita , Bian Hong , Zeveleva Svetlana , Zhen Xiaoguang , Blair Nathaniel T. , Chong Jayhong A. , Hessler David P. , Bedja Djahida , Zhu Guangshuo , Muller Grace K. , Ranek Mark J. , Pantages Lynn , McFarland Mary , Netherton Matthew R. , Berry Angela , Wong Diane , Rast Georg , Qian Hu Sheng , Weldon Steven M. , Kuo Jay J. , Sauer Achim , Sarko Chris , Moran Magdalene M. , Kass David A. , Pullen Steven S. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) is an important mediator of pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis, contributing to renal and cardiac disease. However, no selective TRPC6 inhibitor with in vivo efficacy has been developed and tested to determine if nongenetic channel suppression ameliorates disease in intact animals. We developed and tested an orally bioavailable TRPC6-specific inhibitor, BI 749327, revealing its capacity to improve cardiac function and reduce chamber dilation and fibrosis in the context of abnormal hemodynamic stress. Similarly, BI 749327 suppressed myofibroblast activation and fibrosis in a renal disease model. These data support BI 749327 as a representative of a therapeutic class for treating cardiac and renal disease and provide a tool for studying the biological function of TRPC6.
Dynamic super-resolution structured illumination imaging in the living brain
Authors: Turcotte Raphaël , Liang Yajie , Tanimoto Masashi , Zhang Qinrong , Li Ziwei , Koyama Minoru , Betzig Eric , Ji Na 
Published: April 2019

Significance
The brain is composed of cells that continually communicate with one another via electric and chemical signals. To understand nerve cells in a physiological context, we must study them in vivo, for which optical microscopy is an essential tool. In particular, much of this communication takes place at the nanoscale level and requires in vivo super-resolution microscopy. We applied adaptive optics to correcting sample-induced optical aberrations and optimized image acquisition and reconstruction to combat sample motion, which allowed us to adapt super-resolution structured illumination microscopy to in vivo imaging in the brains of zebrafish larvae and mice. With these optimizations, we were able to image dynamic processes at dendrites and synapses in the mouse brain at nanoscale resolution in vivo.
Directional soliton and breather beams
Authors: Chabchoub Amin , Mozumi Kento , Hoffmann Norbert , Babanin Alexander V. , Toffoli Alessandro , Steer James N. , van den Bremer Ton S. , Akhmediev Nail , Onorato Miguel , Waseda Takuji 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Understanding the fundamental dynamics of directional and localized waves is of significant importance for modeling ocean waves as well as predicting extreme events. We report a theoretical framework, based on the universal (2D + 1) nonlinear Schrödinger equation, that allows the construction of slanted solitons and breathers on the water surface. Our corresponding wave flume observations emphasize and uniquely reveal that short-crested localizations can be described as a result of nonlinear wave dynamics, complementing the linear superposition and interference arguments as has been generally suggested for directional ocean waves.
Hit and run versus long-term activation of PARP-1 by its different domains fine-tunes nuclear processes
Authors: Thomas Colin , Ji Yingbiao , Wu Chao , Datz Haily , Boyle Cody , MacLeod Brett , Patel Shri , Ampofo Michelle , Currie Michelle , Harbin Jonathan , Pechenkina Kate , Lodhi Niraj , Johnson Sarah J. , Tulin Alexei V. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Little is known about how multiple functions of a single protein are coordinated in a living cell. PARP-1 is a multidomain nuclear protein that plays a critical role in regulating developmental processes including apoptosis, DNA repair, epigenetic marking of chromatin, assembly of higher-order chromatin structures, and transcriptional activation. Using deletional isoforms of PARP-1 in in vivo and in vitro experiments, we have demonstrated that the multiple domains of PARP-1 cooperate in response to interactions with different PARP-1 targets, leading either to short-term activation of the enzyme or to prolonged and sustained activity. This sustained activity produces accumulation of pADPr in the surrounding chromatin, leading to prolonged chromatin loosening.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) extract effectively inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) mRNA induction in rifampicin-treated HepG2 cells
Authors: Kobayashi Tsukasa , Sugaya Kouichi , Onose Jun-Ichi , Abe Naoki 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Interaction between foods and drugs is an important consideration in pharmaceutical therapy. Therefore, here, we examined the suppressive effects of the extracts from seven edible herbs on the induction of CYP3A4 gene expression in rifampicin-treated HepG2 cells. We evaluated the structure and suppressive activity of the most effective active compound isolated from dried peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). The structure of the compound was identified as that of pheophorbide a based on spectroscopic data. It suppressed the induction of CYP3A4 mRNA expression by rifampicin in a dose-dependent manner. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography showed that 2 g of dry leaves 0.43 mg in one cup of peppermint tea. These findings demonstrate that pheophorbide a suppresses the induction of CYP3A4 mRNA expression in rifampicin-treated HepG2 cells. Pheophorbide is known to cause photosensitivity. However, the effective dose of pheophorbide a that had a suppressive effect was very low, indicating a high safety margin.
Abbreviations: DAD: diode array detector; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPLC: high-performance liquid chromatography; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PXR: pregnane X receptor; CAR: constitutive androstane receptor; AHR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; TLC: thin-layer chromatography
Monitoring residual 36 h post‐match neuromuscular fatigue in rugby union; a role for postural control?
Authors: Troester Jordan C. , Duffield Rob 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated single‐leg balance and landing measures, respectively, at the beginning of a weekly micro‐cycle 36 h after a match compared to 48 h rest without any match load. Twenty‐seven professional rugby union players performed balance and landing tests on a 1000 Hz force plate across three in‐season micro‐cycles either with or without match loads in the prior 36 h. Participants were further sub‐divided into higher and lower match load groups to investigate changes in balance and landing variables. Differences between rested and 36 h post‐match single‐leg balance sway velocity were trivial in all cases, except for the higher‐load group on the dominant leg, which were possibly impaired 36 h post‐match (ES ± 90% CL = 0.68 ± 0.66). Differences between rested and 36 h post‐match single‐leg landing measures of relative impulse on the non‐dominant leg were possibly lower (0.36 ± 0.34), with possible impairment observed on both legs in the higher load group 36 h post‐match (0.39 ± 0.33; 0.49 ± 0.42). Differences in landing measures of peak force and time to stabilisation were mainly trivial (ES < 0.20). Postural control measures at 36 h post‐match are comparable to a rested state; though impairment of sway velocity on the dominant leg and landing impulse may indicate residual neuromuscular fatigue resulting from increased match exposure.
Air and bone stimulation in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with unilateral Ménière’s disease and in controls
Authors: Guajardo-Vergara Carlos , Pérez-Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: April 2019

Objectives:
To describe the vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) response to air-conducted sound (ACS) and bone-conducted vibration (BCV) in patients with unilateral definite Ménière's disease (MD), and the contribution to the usual ACS evaluation of the bone-air index (BAI) and interaural asymmetry ratio (IAR) in the diagnosis.

Methods:
A case–control study was designed. Fifty-one patients (25 men and 26 women) with an average age of 55 years, and 31 healthy volunteers with no history of vertigo and hearing loss, were included. The BAI was used as a new parameter to describe the amplitude of the response.

Results:
Only n10 latency ACS evoked was significantly longer than in controls. The ACS cVEMP p13-n23 amplitude of the affected ear of patients with MD was lower than in the non-affected ear (p = .023) and the control group (.001). The IAR was significantly higher in patients with MD both for the ACS and for the BCV cVEMP compared to the control group: p = .004 and .001, respectively. Significant differences were found in oVEMP n10-p16 amplitude between ACS and BCV in the patients with MD (p = .002). The BAI in oVEMP showed a significant increase in the affected ear compared to the control group (p = .001). The acoustic stimulus in cVEMP was the only one that showed significant differences in amplitude according to degree of hearing loss (p = .039).

Conclusions:
The joint use of an acoustic and vibratory stimulus is an interesting option to characterize the results in this group. The BAI provides useful complementary information, and also turns out to give added value to the traditional VEMP assessment by ACS. We recommend its use when Ménière's disease is suspected.
Micrometer-scale molecular dynamics simulation of microstructure formation linked with multi-phase-field simulation in same space scale
Authors: Shibuta Yasushi , Sakane Shinji , Miyoshi Eisuke , Takaki Tomohiro , Ohno Munekazu 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The micrometer-scale polycrystalline microstructure is directly obtained from a 10 billion atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the nucleation and growth of crystals from an undercooled melt, which is performed on a graphics processing unit-rich supercomputer. The grain size distribution in the as-grown microstructure obtained from the MD simulation largely deviates from that resulting from steady-state growth in ideal grain growth, whereas the distribution of the disorientation angle between grains in contact with each other basically agrees with a random distribution. The atomistic configuration of the polycrystalline microstructure is then converted into a phase-field profile (diffuse interface description) of a phase-field model (PFM) and the subsequent grain growth is examined by multi-phase-field (MPF) simulation. A significant achievement in this study is direct mapping of the atomistic configuration into the phase-field profile used in the MPF simulation since only representative parameters for larger-scale model (e.g. interatomic potentials for MD and interfacial parameters for PFM) are extracted from a smaller‐scale simulation in conventional multi-scale modeling. Our new achievement supported by high-performance supercomputing can be regarded as an evolution of multi-scale modeling, which we call inter-scale modeling to differentiate it from conventional multi-scale modeling.
Neural network approximation of Bayesian models for the inference of ion and electron temperature profiles at W7-X
Authors: Pavone A , Svensson J , Langenberg A , Höfel U , Kwak S , Pablant N , Wolf R C 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method for training a neural network (NN) to approximate the full model Bayesian inference of plasma profiles from x-ray imaging diagnostic measurements. The modeling is carried out within the Minerva Bayesian modeling framework where models are defined as a set of assumptions, prior beliefs on parameter values and physics knowledge. The goal is to use NNs for fast ion and electron temperature profile inversion from measured image data. The NN is trained solely on artificial data generated by sampling from the joint distribution of the free parameters and model predictions. The training is carried out in such a way that the mapping learned by the network constitutes an approximation of the full model Bayesian inference. The analysis is carried out on images constituted of 20 × 195 pixels corresponding to binned lines of sight and spectral channels, respectively. Through the full model inference, it is possible to infer electron and ion temperature profiles as well as impurity density profiles. When the network is used for the inference of the temperature profiles, the analysis time can be reduced down to a few tens of microseconds for a single time point, which is a drastic improvement if compared to the ≈4 h long Bayesian inference. The procedure developed for the generation of the training set does not rely on diagnostic-specific features, and therefore it is in principle applicable to any other model developed within the Minerva framework. The trained NN has been tested on data collected during the first operational campaign at W7-X, and compared to the full model Bayesian inference results.
Investigation of fine structure formation of guide field reconnection during merging plasma startup of spherical tokamak in TS-3U
Authors: Tanabe H. , Cao Q. , Tanaka H. , Ahmadi T. , Akimitsu M. , Sawada A. , Inomoto M. , Ono Y. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ion heating/transport and its fine structure formation process through magnetic reconnection have been investigated by high guide field tokamak merging experiments in TS-3 and TS-3U. In addition to the previously reported demonstration of high-temperature plasma startup without center solenoid, the detailed fine structure formation process of reconnection heating has been revealed using new 96CH/320CH ultra-high-resolution 2D ion Doppler tomography diagnostics. By identifying the double-axis field configuration with the X-point on the midplane using in situ magnetic probe diagnostics, the detailed measurement successfully revealed that the ion temperature profile forms two types of characteristic heating structure, both around the X-point and downstream. The former is affected by the Hall effect to form a tilted heating profile, while the latter is affected by the transport process which a forms a poloidal double-ring-like structure. The achieved ion heating mostly depends on the reconnecting component of the magnetic field, and the contribution of the guide field to decrease the heating efficiency tends to be saturated in the high guide field regime. Under the influence of better toroidal confinement with higher guide field, the downstream ion heating is transported vertically, mostly by parallel heat conduction, and finally forms a poloidal ring-like hollow distribution aligned with the closed flux surface at the end of merging.
Vacuum solution for Solov’ev’s equilibrium configuration in tokamaks
Authors: Xu Tao , Fitzpatrick Richard 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this work, we construct a tokamak plasma equilibrium generated by a combination of currents flowing within the plasma and in distant external magnetic field coils. The plasma toroidal current density takes the simple form

inside the plasma (where r and z are cylindrical coordinates, and a, b, and R are constants), and is zero in the surrounding vacuum. The Grad–Shafranov equation possesses a well-known exact analytic solution within the plasma due to Solov’ev. We use a Green’s function method to compute the poloidal magnetic flux generated by plasma currents, together with a parameterized homogeneous solution to the Grad–Shafranov equation (that is well-behaved at small r and z), to construct the vacuum solution. The vacuum solution is matched to the analytic solution on the last closed magnetic flux surface (LCFS) to determine the parameters in the homogeneous solution. This procedure is performed for both up–down-symmetric double-null and up–down-asymmetric single-null equilibria. We find that any magnetic X-points on the LCFS are distorted due to the fact that one quadrant is filled by a current-carrying plasma, whereas the other three are filled by a vacuum in which no current flows. In particular, the vacuum quadrant opposite the plasma-filled quadrant expands at the expense of the other three quadrants.
Temperature-related mortality: a systematic review and investigation of effect modifiers
Authors: Son Ji-Young , Liu Jia Coco , Bell Michelle L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background: Understanding which populations are vulnerable and which factors affect vulnerability to temperature-mortality associations is important to reduce the health burden from current day weather extremes and climate change. Objectives: We reviewed population-based studies on the impact of temperature on mortality and assessed the vulnerability to temperature-mortality associations systematically. Methods: We identified 207 studies published between 1980 and 2017 and summarized findings on effect modification based on individual- and community-level characteristics. Results: In our assessment of vulnerability to temperature-mortality associations, we found strong evidence of effect modification for several individual-level factors such as age and sex. We also found limited or suggestive evidence for other individual-level factors such as education, place of death, occupation, race, marital status, and chronic conditions. Evidence on effect modification by community-level characteristics for temperature-mortality associations is limited. We found weak evidence of effect modification for population density, heating system, healthcare facilities, proximity to water, housing quality, and air pollution level. We found limited or suggestive evidence for community-level socio-economic status, latitude, urban/rural, air conditioning, climatic condition, green space, and previous winter mortality. Conclusions: Our findings provide scientific evidence on which populations could be targeted for establishing appropriate strategies to reduce the health burden from extreme temperatures, and for policies on climate change.
Root-zone hypoxia reduces growth of the tropical forage grass Urochloa humidicola in high-nutrient but not low-nutrient conditions
Authors: Jiménez Juan de la Cruz , Kotula Lukasz , Veneklaas Erik J , Colmer Timothy D 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe perennial C4 grass Urochloa humidicola is widely planted on infertile acidic and waterlogging-prone soils of tropical America. Waterlogging results in soil anoxia, and O2 deficiency can reduce nutrient uptake by roots. Interestingly, both nutrient deficiencies and soil waterlogging can enhance root cortical cell senescence, and the increased gas-filled porosity facilitates internal aeration of roots. We tested the influence of nutrient supply and root-zone O2 on root traits, leaf nutrient concentrations and growth of U. humidicola.MethodsPlants were grown in pots in a completely randomized design under aerated or stagnant deoxygenated hydroponic conditions and six nutrient regimes, with low to high concentrations of all essential elements, for 28 d in a controlled-temperature greenhouse. The standard acid solution (SAS) used was previously designed based on infertile acidic soils of the tropical America savannas, and step increases in the concentration of SAS were used in aerated or deoxygenated 0.1 % agar solution, which mimics changes in gas composition in waterlogged soils. Measurements included shoot and root growth, root porosity, root anatomy, radial O2 loss, and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations.Key ResultsShoot dry mass was reduced for plants in stagnant compared with aerated conditions at high, but not at low, levels of mineral nutrition. In low-nutrition stagnant solution, roots were shorter, of greater porosity and had smaller radial thickness of the stele. Suberized lamellae and lignified sclerenchyma, as well as a strong barrier to radial O2 loss, were documented for roots from all treatments. Leaf nutrient concentrations of K, Mg and Ca (but not N, P and S) were higher in aerated than in stagnant conditions.ConclusionsUnder low-nutrient conditions, plant growth in stagnant solution was equal to that in aerated solution, whereas under higher-nutrient regimes growth increased but dry mass in stagnant solution was less than in aerated solution. Slow growth in low-nutrient conditions limited any further response to the low O2 treatment, and greater porosity and smaller stele size in roots would enhance internal O2 movement within roots in the nutrient-limited stagnant conditions. A constitutive barrier to radial O2 loss and aerenchyma facilitates O2 movement to the tips of roots, which presumably contributes to maintaining nutrient uptake and the tolerance of U. humidicola to low O2 in the root-zone.