bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembly of Diblock Molecular Polymer Brushes in the Spherical Confinement of Nanoemulsion Droplets
Authors: Steinhaus Andrea , Pelras Théophile , Chakroun Ramzi , Gröschel André H. , Müllner Markus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the self‐assembly behavior of polymers of various topologies is key to a reliable design of functional polymer materials. Self‐assembly under confinement conditions emerges as a versatile avenue to design polymer particles with complex internal morphologies while simultaneously facilitating scale‐up. However, only linear block copolymers have been studied to date, despite the increasing control over macromolecule composition and architecture available. This study extends the investigation of polymer self‐assembly in confinement from regular diblock copolymers to diblock molecular polymer brushes (MPBs). Block‐type MPBs with polystyrene (PS) and polylactide (PLA) compartments of different sizes are incorporated into surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water (chloroform/water) emulsions. The increasing confinement in the nanoemulsion droplets during solvent evaporation directs the MPBs to form solid nano/microparticles. Microscopy studies reveal an intricate internal particle structure, including interpenetrating networks and axially stacked lamellae of PS and PLA, depending on the PS/PLA ratio of the brushes.
Genetic Dystonia‐ataxia Syndromes: Clinical Spectrum, Diagnostic Approach, and Treatment Options
Authors: Rossi Malco , Balint Bettina , Millar Vernetti Patricio , Bhatia Kailash P. , Merello Marcelo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDystonia and ataxia are manifestations of numerous disorders, and indeed, an ever‐expanding spectrum of genes causing diseases that encompass dystonia and ataxia are discovered with the advances of genetic techniques. In recent years, a pathophysiological link between both clinical features and the role of the cerebellum in the genesis of dystonia, in some cases, has been proposed. In clinical practice, the genetic diagnosis of dystonia‐ataxia syndromes is a major issue for genetic counseling, prognosis and, occasionally, specific treatment.MethodsFor this pragmatic and educational review, we conducted a comprehensive and structured literature search in Pubmed, OMIM, and GeneReviews using the key words “dystonia” and “ataxia” to identify those genetic diseases that may combine dystonia with ataxia.ResultsThere are a plethora of genetic diseases causing dystonia and ataxia. We propose a series of clinico‐radiological algorithms to guide their differential diagnosis depending on the age of onset, additional neurological or systemic features, and imaging findings. We suggest a sequential diagnostic approach to dystonia‐ataxia syndromes. We briefly highlight the pathophysiological links between dystonia and ataxia and conclude with a review of specific treatment implications.ConclusionsThe clinical approach presented in this review is intended to improve the diagnostic success of clinicians when faced with patients with dystonia‐ataxia syndromes.
Clinical Rating Scales for Urinary Symptoms in Parkinson Disease: Critique and Recommendations
Authors: Pavy‐Le Traon Anne , Cotterill Nikki , Amarenco Gerard , Duerr Susanne , Kaufmann Horacio , Lahrmann Heinz , Tison François , Wenning Gregor K. , Goetz Christopher G. , Poewe Werner , Sampaio Cristina , Schrag Anette , Rascol Olivier , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Stebbins Glenn T. ,   the Members of the MDS Committee on Rating Scales Development
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is high in Parkinson's disease (PD). These problems negatively affect quality of life and include both storage and voiding problems. The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society established a task force to review clinical rating scales/questionnaires for the assessment of urinary symptoms in PD.MethodsAccording to prespecified criteria, these scales/questionnaires were classified as “Recommended” or “Recommended with caveats” when clinimetric properties were satisfactory for Recommended status but had not been assessed specifically in PD, “Suggested” or “Listed.” These assessments were applied to rate scales as screening tools for the diagnosis of LUTS and for the rating of symptom severity.ResultsAmong scales that included LUTS but focused on overall autonomic or non‐motor symptoms in PD, no scale reached the clinimetric rigor to be designated as Recommended or Recommended with caveats, but some were Suggested for either diagnostic screening tools or severity measures. Among primary urological scales, most are well validated in urological setting, but none was validated specifically in PD. DAN‐PSS (Danish PSS), ICIQ (International Consultation for Incontinence Questionnaire)‐MLUTS (Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms), OABq, OABq‐SF (ICIQ‐OABqol), OAB‐V8 (as screening tool), and OABSS (OAB Symptom Score) met criteria for Recommended with caveats.ConclusionThe Task Force does not recommend the development of a new scale. However, all above‐mentioned questionnaires need to be studied further and specifically validated in PD.
Asynchronous CDX2 expression and polarization of porcine trophoblast cells reflects a species‐specific trophoderm lineage determination progress model
Authors: Liu Shichao , Bou Gerelchimeg , Zhao Jianchao , Guo Shimeng , Guo Jia , Weng Xiaogang , Yin Zhi , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: May 2018

Upregulation of Cdx2 expression in outer cells is a key event responsible for cell lineage segregation between the inner cell mass and the trophoderm (TE) in mouse morula‐stage embryos. In TE cells, polarization can regulate Hippo and Rho‐associated kinase (Rho‐ROCK) signaling to induce the nuclear location of YAP, which has been demonstrated to further induce the expression of Cdx2. However, we found that CDX2 expression could not be detected in the outer cells of porcine morula‐stage embryos but only in some TE cells at the early blastocyst stage. The biological significance and the regulation mechanism of this species‐specific CDX2 expression pattern have still not been determined. We show here that an asynchronous CDX2 expression pattern exists in porcine TE cells during the development of the blastocyst. We demonstrate that CDX2 expression in porcine TE cells depends on the nuclear localization of YAP and polarization of the embryo through Y27632 treatment. We found that the polarization process in the morula to the late blastocyst stage porcine embryos was asynchronous, which was revealed by the apical localization of phosphorylated EZRIN staining. Artificially enhancing the number of polarized blastomeres by culturing the separated blastomeres of four‐cell stage porcine embryos resulted in increased CDX2‐positive cell numbers. These results indicate that the mechanism of CDX2 expression regulation is conserved, but the polarization progress is not conserved between the pig and the mouse, and results in a species‐specific trophoblast determination progress model.
Portrait Roald Hoffmann: "Gute Gedichte schreiben und gute Wissenschaft machen"
Authors: Remenyi Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEs war der bewegendste Moment des GDCh‐Wissenschaftsforums in Berlin. Minutenlang applaudierte das Publikum bei der Eröffnungsveranstaltung Roald Hoffmann, der soeben den neu gestifteten Primo‐Levi‐Preis erhalten hatte. Die Nachrichten aus der Chemie fragten ihn, was ihn mit Primo Levi verbindet und warum er seine Studenten in der Grundvorlesung Levis Buch „Das Periodische System“ lesen ließ.
Pro Elektroauto: Der Aufstieg des Elektroautos hat begonnen
Authors: Winter Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDer Systemwechsel zu mehr Elektromobilität ist sinnvoll. Denn nur mit fossilen Kraftstoffen ist es nicht möglich, die Klimaschutzziele zu erreichen und die Energieversorgung zu sichern, meint Martin Winter.
Der Kohlenstoffgehalt im Reinstwasser
Authors: Hupach Sascha , Bayerl Arno 
Published: May 2018

AbstractViele Industriezweige benötigen Reinstwasser, etwa die Pharmaproduktion oder die Chipherstellung. Um zu prüfen, ob das Wasser konstant die gewünschte Qualität aufweist, sind regelmäßige Kontrollen auf den Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff erforderlich.
A phase 1 study of eribulin mesylate (E7389), a novel microtubule‐targeting chemotherapeutic agent, in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Phase 1 Consortium study (ADVL1314)
Authors: Schafer Eric S. , Rau Rachel E. , Berg Stacey , Liu Xiaowei , Minard Charles G. , D'Adamo David , Scott Rachael , Reyderman Larisa , Martinez Gresel , Devarajan Sandhya , Reid Joel M. , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J. , Blaney Susan M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundEribulin mesylate is a novel anticancer agent that inhibits microtubule growth, without effects on shortening, and promotes nonproductive tubulin aggregate formation. We performed a phase 1 trial to determine the dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated or recommended phase 2 dose (MTD/RP2D), and pharmacokinetics (PK) of eribulin in children with refractory or recurrent solid (excluding central nervous system) tumors.MethodsEribulin was administered intravenously on days 1 and 8 in 21‐day cycles. Three dose levels (1.1, 1.4, and 1.8 mg/m2/dose) were evaluated using the rolling six design with additional patients enrolled into a PK expansion cohort at the MTD. PK samples were obtained following the day 1, cycle 1 dose.ResultsTwenty‐three patients, ages 3–17 (median 14) years were enrolled; 20 were evaluable for toxicity. DLTs occurred in 0/6 and 1/6 subjects at the 1.1 and 1.4 mg/m2/dose, respectively. One subject at the 1.4 mg/m2/dose had grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 fatigue. At the 1.8 mg/m2/dose, 2/5 subjects experienced dose‐limiting (grade 4) neutropenia. Grade 3/4 non‐DLTs included lymphopenia and hypokalemia, while low‐grade toxicities included anorexia and nausea. No episodes of grade > 2 corrected QT interval prolongation or peripheral neuropathy were reported. Eribulin pharmacokinetic parameters were highly variable; the median elimination half‐life was 39.6 (range 24.2–96.4) hr. A partial response was observed in one patient (Ewing sarcoma).ConclusionsEribulin was well tolerated in children with refractory or recurrent solid tumors with neutropenia identified as the primary DLT. The RP2D of eribulin is 1.4 mg/m2/dose on days 1 and 8 of a 21‐day cycle.
Phase‐Doppler Particle Sizing with Off‐Axis Angles in Alexander's Darkband
Authors: Willmann Michael , Glahn Axel , Wittig Sigmar 
Published: May 2018

A promising optical layout for standard phase‐Doppler particle sizing instruments for use in two‐phase flows with extremely limited optical access is presented. When applied to turbine oil of variable temperature and therefore refractive index (1.40< n < 1.46), the layout procedure leads to several suitable off‐axis configurations. From these, a backscatter angle of ϕ = 125° is chosen owing to several geometrical restrictions. Although this angle lies in Alexander's darkband and therefore the intensities are low, the theoretical analysis indicates that this configuration is extremely insensitive to Gaussian‐beam defects, which usually aggravate backscatter applications.Monosized droplet experiments confirmed the application of the configuration and showed an acceptable accuracy of the measurements. Experiments in a bearing chamber test rig gave reliable results and for the first time allowed an insight into the flow phenomena of this highly complex technical two‐phase flow.
Very low asthma death incidence among Finnish children from 1999 to 2015
Authors: Kivistö Juho E. , Karjalainen Jussi , Kivelä Laura , Huhtala Heini , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe most recent reports concerning asthma fatalities in Finnish children are from 1998. Since that time, asthma care has improved and asthma‐related hospitalizations have decreased. Yet, it is unknown whether pediatric asthma deaths have similarly decreased.ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology of asthma deaths in the Finnish pediatric population from 1999 onward and to describe the details of fatal asthma exacerbations.MethodsWe obtained copies of the death certificates from Statistics Finland of all Finnish children aged 0‐19 years who died from asthma between 1999 and 2015. After analyzing the death certificates, the medical records of those with possible asthma death were evaluated in detail to confirm the diagnosis. Incidence rates (IR) of asthma deaths were estimated per 1 000 000 person‐years by dividing the number of asthma deaths by the total number of person‐years.ResultsBetween 1999‐2015, there were 6845 deaths among 0‐19 year‐old children, of which 21 were possible asthma deaths. Based on patient records and pathological findings, we identified four convincing asthma deaths: aged 7 months, 1 year, 2.5 years, and 19 years. None had known allergies or regularly used inhaled corticosteroids. No pre‐school or school‐aged children died from asthma in Finland between 1999 and 2015. The cumulative incidence of pediatric asthma deaths was 0.19 per million person‐years.ConclusionFour Finnish children died from asthma between 1999 and 2015. This corresponds to a total incidence of 0.19 per million person‐years. No pre‐school or school‐aged children died from asthma in Finland during the study period.
Performance of synthetic storm technique in estimating fade dynamics in equatorial Malaysia
Authors: Jong Siat Ling , Riva Carlo , D'Amico Michele , Lam Hong Yin , Yunus Mawarni Mohamed , Din Jafri 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the synthetic storm technique (SST) is applied to 1‐minute rainfall rate collected from a rain gauge to predict the fade dynamics of the signal in an earth‐to‐satellite link in an equatorial climate location without the needs of satellite beacon measurements. The obtained results are compared with the statistics calculated from measured rain attenuation and with the ITU recommendation model. As for fade duration, a good agreement with measurements has been found together with a significant improvement in terms of prediction errors with respect to the ITU‐R model. Synthetic storm technique is also able to predict fade slope statistics fairly well and has equivalent performance of ITU‐R model.
Characterization of B‐Site Niobium‐Doped Pr0.4Sr0.6 (Co0.3Fe0.6)1‐xNbxO3‐δ (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) Perovskites as Cathode Materials for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Xiaokaiti Pairuzha , Yu Tao , Yoshida Akihiro , Zuo Zhijun , Hao Xiaogang , Guan Guoqing , Abudula Abuliti 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerovskite materials of Pr0.4Sr0.6(Co0.3Fe0.6)1‐xNbxO3‐δ (PSCFNx, x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were firstly synthesized as the cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) by doping niobium(Nb) at the B site of Pr0.4Sr0.6Co0.3Fe0.6O3‐δ using a solid state reaction method. The effect of Nb doping amount on the lattice structure, oxygen desorption and electrochemical properties of PSCFNx at different calcination temperatures were investigated. It is found that this material family had perfectly cubic structure based on the Pm‐3 m space group whose lattice size increased with x. These materials were thermally stable after calcination and showed desirable chemical compatibility with electrolyte in the condition of calcination at 1250 °C for 8 h under an air atmosphere. The optimum x value of 0.1 was found for the PSCFNx cathode materials, which had the minimum polarization resistance value of 0.018 Ωcm2 at 900 °C. As a result, the single cell with the PSCFN0.1 cathode delivered a power density of 0.731 Wcm−2 at 900 °C with humidified H2 (∼3% H2O) as the fuel and ambient air as the oxidant. It indicates that PSCFN0.1 should be a promising cathode material for the SOFCs.
Rapid In Situ Encapsulation of Laccase into Metal‐Organic Framework Support (ZIF‐8) under Biocompatible Conditions
Authors: Patil Pravin D. , Yadav Ganapati D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn situ immobilization of laccase into metal‐organic framework (laccase‐MOF) was performed by assisting one‐pot synthesis strategy. A novel method to synthesize octahedral laccase‐MOF composite with enhanced thermostability is reported. The present work deals with entrapment of laccase into zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) by simply mixing solution of zinc acetate, 2‐methylimidazole, and laccase at room temperature (28 ± 2 °C). Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Confocal scanning microscopy were employed to characterize laccase‐MOF composite. The thermostability of prepared composite was assessed concerning half‐life at varying temperatures which conferred 3.6‐fold enhancement over free enzyme. Also, kinetic studies of immobilized laccase showed a slightly higher Km and lower Vmax values along with the enhancement of thermodynamic parameters after non‐covalent interaction. Moreover, the immobilized laccase‐MOF maintained up to 48% of residual activity for seven subsequent cycles in batch mode, whereas the storage stability studies exhibited up to 83% up to 21 days of storage. Finally, FT‐IR data tool was employed to investigate the effect of encapsulation on fractions of secondary structure of protein.
Stability and Aromaticity of Some Superatomic Compounds Al3‐X (X=F, LiF2, BeF3, BF4)
Authors: Yu Ang‐yang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis work makes use of Al3 clusters and fluorine atom or its superhalogens (LiF2, BeF3, BF4) as the basic unit to design a new series of Aluminum clusters‐superatomic compounds Al3‐X (X=F, LiF2, BeF3, BF4) theoretically. The most stable orientation for Al3‐F can be found when one of the aluminum atoms in Al3 ring is adjacent to fluorine atom, whereas the best orientation between Al3 and superhalogen (LiF2, BeF3 or BF4) exists when one of the aluminum atoms in Al3 ring has the shortest distance with F−F bond in superhalogen (LiF2, BeF3 or BF4) ring. Large frontier molecular orbital energy gap and binding energy in these compunds, as well as Atoms‐In–Molecule theoretical analysis prove that there is good stability between Al3 and fluorine atom or its superhalogens (LiF2, BeF3, BF4). Additionally, aromaticity of Al3‐X compound has been confirmed by means of Nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS) calculation of Al3 ring in these compounds. This work can provide useful information for new materials synthesis, as well as fabrication of new superatomic compounds.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Octanoic Acid over the Mo–Doped CeO2‐Supported Bimetal Catalysts: The Role of Mo
Authors: Shen Pengxin , Wei Ruiping , Zhu M. Yanli , Pan Donghui , Xu Siquan , Gao Lijing , Xiao Guomin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNonsulfided CeO2‐supported different metal catalysts were synthesized, characterized and evaluated in the hydrogenation of octanoic acid with a batch reactor at the temperature of 280 oC and initial H2 pressure of 3 MPa. The effect of Mo species was revealed by comparing Mo‐doped catalysts with Mo‐free catalysts. The catalytic results show that the CeO2 supported Ni catalyst doped with Mo exhibit much higher catalytic activity and octane selectivity than the catalysts without dopants. Additionally, the influences of Mo and Ni mass ratio on the conversion of octanoic acid and the selectivity of heptane and octane over CeO2‐based catalysts were also discussed. Ni species seemed beneficial for the deoxygenation reaction to form C7 alkane, while the doping of Mo favored the hydrodeoxygenation path to C8 alkane via dehydration‐hydrogenation of the octanol intermediate.
High Density of a New Fused Heterocycle: 7,8‐Dinitro‐4‐oxo‐4,6‐dihydropyrazolo[5, 1‐d][1, 2,3,5]tetrazine 2‐oxide and Its Energetic Salts
Authors: Zhao Bao‐Jing , Wang Piaopiao , Fu Wei , Li Chuan , Zhou Zhi‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, the new fused heterocyclic compound 7,8‐dinitro‐4‐oxo‐4,6‐dihydropyrazolo[5, 1‐d][1, 2,3,5]tetrazine (HPCM) and its energetic salts were designed and synthesized. All energetic salts were fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structures of the sodium and 3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4,–triazolium salts were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, their key physicochemical properties such as density, thermal stability, and sensitivity towards impact and friction were also evaluated. The salts were thermally stable with decomposition temperatures ranging from 171 to 315 °C. Theoretical calculations associated with heats of formation and detonation performance were performed by Gaussian 03 and EXPLO5 v6.01 programs, respectively. All of the salts were found to have positive heats of formation. Taking both experimental and computational parameters into consideration, the fact that hydroxylammonium salt showed a high density (ρ=1.95 g cm–3), acceptable decomposition temperature (Td=171 °C), excellent detonation performance (P=39.4 Gpa, vD=9228 m s–1) and favorable impact and friction sensitivities (IS=19 J, FS=360 N), indacate that it has the potential to be used as a less sensitive high energy density material.
Synthesis, Electrochemical, Antibacterial and Anticancer Studies on Triazole‐Bridged Pyrrolidine‐Grafted Macrocycles via [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethin Ylide
Authors: Prabhakaran Perumal , Subaraja Mamangam , Rajakumar Perumal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective synthesis of triazole bridged pyrrolidine grafted macrocycle derivatives was accomplished by O‐alkylation, followed by aldol/Wittig reaction, click reaction with salicylaldehyde and finally by intramolecular 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition (1,3‐DC) to with azomethin ylide. The regio‐ and stereochemical outcome of the reaction was unambiguously established by single crystal X‐ray analysis of the cycloadducts. All the synthesized macrocycles exhibit irreversible oxidation reduction signals in cyclic voltammetry. Antioxidant property and antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and anticancer activity against human adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell line cells (MCF‐7) revealed that all the pyrrolidine grafted macrocycles showed activity comparable to that of the standard drug.
Multiple Cores‐Shell Structured Cu@SiO2 Ultrathin Leaf‐Shaped Nanocomposite: Facile Fabrication and Excellent Selective Catalytic Hydrogenation Performance
Authors: Liu Jun , Liu Dan , Zhang Yingbo , Wang Jing , Li Hongmei , Zhou Li , Wu Shan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe facile preparation core‐shell structured Cu@SiO2 nanocomposites with high copper loading and dispersion still remains a difficult challenge. Herein, we report the efficient fabrication of a core‐shell structured Cu@SiO2 leaf‐shaped nanocatalyst which possesses multiple copper nanoplatelets with high content as cores and ultrathin mesoporous silica as shell. This catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance in gas phase catalytic hydrogenation of furfural (with furfural conversion of 97% and furfuryl alcohol selectivity of 98%) and liquid phase catalytic reduction of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol (with activity parameter =69.0×10−3 s−1 mg−1). This unique fabrication strategy is also successfully applied to synthesize multiple cores‐shell structured Ni@SiO2 nanosheet composite with uniform and ultrafine nickel particles and extremely high nickel loading. It is expected that this strategy can be expanded to other diverse multiple core‐shell architectures.