bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operative posterior disconnection in epilepsy surgery: Experience with 29 patients
Authors: Kalbhenn Thilo , Cloppenborg Thomas , Wörmann Friedrich G. , Blümcke Ingmar , Coras Roland , May Theodor W. , Polster Tilman , Simon Matthias , Bien Christian G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveIt has been suggested that multilobar epilepsies caused by lesions restricted to the posterior cerebral quadrant (ie, the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes) can be treated successfully by a procedure termed posterior disconnection. The objective of the present paper was to identify determinants of the epileptological outcome following posterior disconnection surgery.MethodsThe authors retrospectively analyzed a series of 29 consecutive patients undergoing posterior disconnection surgery between 2005 and 2017 for the treatment of refractory posterior quadrantic epilepsy. Specifically, all presurgical and postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) studies were reviewed to identify cases with an incomplete disconnection, or the presence of a more widespread pathology involving the whole hemisphere rather than only its posterior quadrant. In addition, we reevaluated all presurgical video–electroencephalography (EEG) reports.ResultsSeizure‐free (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] 1) after surgery were 3/3 patients with EEG findings restricted to the posterior quadrant, 0/7 patients who had propagation of epileptic activity to the contralateral frontal lobe, and 11/19 (57.9%) who showed propagation to ipsilateral frontal and/or contralateral posterior. Eleven of 13 (84.6%) patients with purely posterior quadrantic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings (as retrospectively diagnosed by neuroimaging) vs 3/16 (18.8%) cases with additional subtle abnormalities outside the posterior quadrant became seizure‐free (P = .001). Eleven of 16 (68.8%) patients with complete disconnections were seizure‐free vs only 3/13 (23.0%) cases with leftover temporal lobe tissue with contact to the insula (P = .025, both Fisher's exact test).SignificanceA posterior disconnection is a technically demanding but very effective operation for posterior quadrantic epilepsy. Good epileptologic outcomes require not only that the epileptogenic lesion does not extend beyond the confines of the disconnected cerebral volume but also the absence of subtle MRI abnormalities, more widespread than the clear‐cut lesion of the posterior quadrant. Hemispheric or contralateral (particularly frontal) propagation of the epileptic activity may also indicate the presence of a hemispheric rather than posterior quadrantic pathology.
A new creep damage assessment method for metallic material under variable load conditions at elevated temperature
Authors: Hu Xu , Ye Wen , Ma Xiao , Song Ying 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is significant for structural design and maintenance to assess behaviour and life under varying load conditions. For structures operating in high‐temperature environments, creep is one mechanism responsible for material failures. In this paper, different damage accumulation rules were reviewed, and a new creep damage assessment method was proposed based on the creep damage tolerance parameter λ and load factor Φ. By introducing the creep damage tolerance parameter λ and the minimum creep rate, the loading process and creep behaviour of the material are taken into account in a damage assessment. The parameters in the model can be obtained by the simple variable load creep test, and the remaining life and strain can be predicted using uniaxial creep test data. To analyse the applicability and accuracy of this new model, the strain histories, the life of step load, and the constant load creep from experiments on a titanium alloy at 500°C were obtained, and the prediction results of the novel and previous methods were carefully investigated.
Lamotrigine in the Prevention of Migraine With Aura: A Narrative Review
Authors: Buch Dan , Chabriat Hugues 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundLamotrigine is not recommended in the prevention of migraine in general but some reports suggest that it might be effective for treating specifically migraine with aura (MA). This review aims to summarize the related data from the literature and to better understand this discrepancy.MethodsAll reports from the literature related to the use of lamotrigine in migraine with or without aura published prior to February 2019 found using PUBMED and the 2 keywords “migraine” AND “lamotrigine” were reviewed. Original studies, published in full, systematic reviews, and all case reports were synthetized. We also examined the risk profile, pharmacokinetics, and mode of action of lamotrigine in view of the presumed mechanism of MA.ResultsLamotrigine was tested in different populations of migraineurs, but previous studies had small sample sizes (n < 35) and might not have been powered enough for detecting a potential benefit of lamotrigine in MA. Accumulating data suggest that the drug can reduce both the frequency and severity of aura symptoms in multiple conditions and is well tolerated.ConclusionLamotrigine appears promising for treating attacks of MA and related clinical manifestations because of its high potential of efficacy, low‐risk profile, and cost. Additional studies are needed for testing lamotrigine in patients with MA.
The Impact of Shift Work on Migraine: A Case Series and Narrative Review
Authors: Sandoe Claire H. , Sasikumar Sanskriti , Lay Christine , Lawler Valerie 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveWe present a case report of 2 migraine patients engaged in shift work, followed by a narrative review, to assess whether shift work influences headache‐related disability and chronification of migraine.BackgroundNumerous modifiable factors can lead to chronification of migraine and to higher headache‐related disability. These include, among others, obesity, depression, overuse of acute medications, ineffective acute treatments, and stressful life events. Sleep disruptions and disorders are also felt to increase the risk of transitioning from episodic to chronic migraine. We hypothesize that shift work, which by definition leads to atypical or irregular sleep cycles, along with poor quality sleep, is a risk factor for chronification of migraine.MethodsWe present the case histories of 2 shift workers with migraine as per International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria, seen at a large, busy academic headache center, followed by a narrative review of the literature.ResultsPrevious literature regarding the relationship between shift work and migraine is sparse and conflicting, with more recent studies suggesting that shift work may be a risk factor for migraine‐related disability. In our case series, both patients initially reported severe migraine headache‐related disability and both patients had noted a worsening of their headaches after beginning night shift work. Both improved when switched back to day shifts, then worsened upon being put back on night shifts. Their headache patterns finally reverted from chronic to episodic migraine after eliminating night shifts completely and maintaining a good sleep routine.ConclusionsIn the 2 cases presented, shift work appeared to be associated with chronification of migraine and higher headache‐related disability despite optimal headache management and good patient adherence. A switch to only day shifts promoted transition to an episodic, less disabling pattern of migraine. It is clinically important to take a detailed sleep history in headache patients, and when appropriate, provide support for workplace accommodations. Further larger‐scale, rigorous studies are needed to more clearly delineate the relationship between shift work and migraine.
Vertical structure and the risk of rent extraction in the electricity industry
Authors: Boom Anette , Buehler Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper studies how competition and vertical structure jointly determine generating capacities, retail prices, and welfare in the electricity industry. Analyzing a model in which demand is uncertain and retailers must commit to retail prices before they buy electricity in the wholesale market, we show that welfare is highest if competition in generation and retailing is combined with vertical separation. Vertically integrated generators choose excessively high retail prices and capacities to avoid rent extraction in the wholesale market when their retail demand exceeds their capacity. Vertical separation eliminates the risk of rent extraction and yields lower retail prices.
Monitoring codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with a four‐component volatile blend compared to a sex pheromone‐based blend
Authors: Knight Alan L. , Mujica Valentina , Larsson Herrera Sebastian , Tasin Marco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMonitoring adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), is a crucial component in implementing effective integrated management programmes in apple, Malus domestica Borkhausen. Use of sex pheromone lures to track male populations has been the traditional approach, but their use in orchards treated with sex pheromone for mating disruption (MD) has been problematic. Development of kairomone and kairomone–pheromone combination lures has allowed the catch of female moths and has benefited several aspects of codling moth management through improved spray timings and action thresholds. Recently, a new four‐component volatile blend (4‐K) comprised of pear ester, (E,Z)‐2,4‐ethyl decadienoate (PE), (E)‐11 4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, all isomers of pyranoid linalool oxide and acetic acid (AA) has been characterized that has increased female moth catch threefold versus any previous blend. Field trapping studies were conducted to compare moth catches in traps baited with 4‐K versus the use of sex pheromone, (E,E)‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (PH) in combination with PE and AA. Trials were conducted in orchards left either untreated, or treated with PH or PH + PE. Traps baited with 4‐K and 4‐K + PH lures caught significantly more females than traps baited with PH + PE + AA lures. Traps baited with 4‐K + PH lures caught significantly more total moths than traps baited with PH + PE + AA lures in all three orchards. Adding a PH lure to traps with the 4‐K lure did not affect female catch, but significantly increased male and total moth catches. These studies demonstrate that codling moth can be trapped effectively in apple under MD without the use of sex pheromone lures. The significant increase in female codling moth catch with the 4‐K lure suggests that efforts to improve spray timings and action threshold determinations as well as mass trapping might be enhanced with this new lure.
Factors influencing well‐being in clinical nurses: A path analysis using a multi‐mediation model
Authors: Kim Sung Reul , Park Ok Lae , Kim Hye Young , Kim Ji Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test a hypothetical path model estimating the influence of resilience and gratitude disposition on well‐being in Korean clinical nurses and to verify the mediating effects of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction using a multi‐mediation model.BackgroundTo improve the well‐being of nurses, it is necessary to consider their personal and work‐related characteristics comprehensively.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional design was used.MethodsA total of 310 clinical nurses participated in this study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. A path analysis using a multi‐mediation model was performed using AMOS 23.0 to test the hypothetical path model. This study adhered to the STROBE guideline.ResultsThe model's fit indices were adequate. Resilience and gratitude disposition both had significant direct effects on well‐being. Resilience and gratitude disposition had significant indirect effects on well‐being through the effect of burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. Resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction explained 68.3% of the total variance of well‐being.ConclusionsIntervention programmes considering these factors may be useful to improve nurses’ well‐being.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses’ well‐being should be assessed along with resilience, gratitude disposition, burnout, compassion satisfaction and job satisfaction. To improve the well‐being of clinical nurses, systematic and integrated intervention programmes need to be developed and applied, with consideration for a variety of factors related to well‐being.
Strategies for Assessing and Modeling Depressive Symptoms in Longitudinal Studies of Adolescents
Authors: Beal Sarah J. , Dorn Lorah D. , LoBraico Emily J. , Lutz Nathan , Ram Nilam 
Published: August 2019

Studying age‐related change in psychosocial behavior is difficult because manifestation differs with development. While the use of age‐appropriate measurement instruments addresses developmental differences, changes in measurement also challenge researchers’ ability to study developmental trajectories. Leveraging 8‐occasion data from 262 girls (baseline ages 11 and 17 years) participating in a cross‐sequential study spanning childhood to adulthood, this paper (1) highlights the needs of developmental researchers seeking to measure change across large swaths of development, (2) forwards an initial formula to convert Beck Depression Inventory‐II scores into Children's Depression Inventory scores and facilitate longitudinal analysis and understanding of how depression develops across adolescence, and (3) suggests collection and analysis of new data that would better facilitate researcher's linking of child‐, adolescent‐, and adult‐oriented measurement instruments.
Review on antibacterial activity of Himalayan medicinal plants traditionally used to treat pneumonia and tuberculosis
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Ali Shandana , Sheikh Khushboo , Amber Rahila 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The main objective of this review was to collect scattered literature on ethnomedicinal plants used to treat pneumonia and tuberculosis in the Himalayan region and their in-vitro validation against bacterial pathogens.

Key findings
Current review contains information on ethnomedicines of total 137 plants from Himalaya region. Out of these, 59 plants have been studied in vitro against bacteria while seven plants extracts have been checked for their toxicological effects. The most commonly used plant families for pneumonia and tuberculosis therapy in the study region were Asteraceae, Bignoniaceae and Fabaceae (seven plants in each); of these, Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L. and Justicia adhatoda L. carried the most inhibiting potential against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae while that of Acalypha indica L. against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Different compounds such as ascorbic acid, curcumin, vasicine, piperine, quercetin, myricetin and gallic acid being reportedly isolated from these plants possess antibacterial potential.

Summary
Himalayan region has variety of ethnomedicinal plants used against pneumonia and tuberculosis; however, studies on in-vivo activity, toxicology and mechanism of action are very limited. Hence, detailed investigation on these aspects needs to be carried out for the development of novel antibacterial drugs from the studied plant species.
Muscone ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy through activating AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Hua , Bai Yang , Wu Cong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Emerging evidence showed that muscone could improve chronic inflammation after myocardial infarction and protect alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the function of muscone on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is obscure.

Methods
The neuronal Schwann cell RSC 96 cells were treated with 125 mmol/l glucose to simulate the cells in DPN. The RSC 96 cell viability was detected by cell counting kit-8. The RSC 96 cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. The expression of marker proteins of apoptosis, autophagy and AKT/mTOR signalling pathway was assessed by Western blot.

Key findings
We observed that after high glucose (HG) treatment, the number of cell apoptosis was increased, cell proliferation was decreased, as well as the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins were changed. However, this phenomenon can be reversed by muscone. Meanwhile, the expression of phosphorylated AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was down-regulated with HG treatment, while the expression quantity was up-regulated after disposed with muscone.

Conclusions
Our outcomes demonstrated that autophagy and apoptosis of RSC 96 cells induced by HG can be alleviated by muscone through modulating AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, suggesting that muscone might be a potential molecule with influence in connection to DPN.
3,000 km and 1,500‐year presence of Aureococcus anophagefferens reveals indigenous origin of brown tides in China
Authors: Tang Ying Zhong , Ma Zhaopeng , Hu Zhangxi , Deng Yunyan , Yang Aoao , Lin Siheng , Yi Liang , Chai Zhaoyang , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nonmotile, spherical, picoplanktonic (2‐μm‐sized) pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens has caused numerous harmful blooms (“brown tides”) across global marine ecosystems. Blooms have developed along the east coast of the USA since 1985, a limited number of times in South Africa around 1997, and frequently in China since 2009. As a consequence, the harmful blooms have caused massive losses in aquaculture and coastal ecosystems, particularly mortalities in cultured shellfish. Therefore, whether A. anophagefferens was recently introduced to China via natural/artificial transport of resting stage cells or has been an indigenous species has become a question of profound ecological significance and broad interest, which motivated our extensive investigation on the geographic and historical presence of this species in the seas of China. We applied a combined approach of extensive PCR‐based detection and sequencing, germination experiments and monoclonal antibody staining of germlings to samples of surface sediment and sediment core (dated via combined isotopic measurements) collected from all four seas of China, and searched the supplementary data set of a recent Science publication. We discovered that A. anophagefferens does have a resting stage in the sediment, but it also has a wide geographic distribution both in China (covering a range of ~30° in latitude, ~15.7° in longitude and 2.5–3,456 m in water depth; temperate to tropical and coastal to open oceans) and in almost all oceans of the world and a historical presence of >1,500 years in the Bohai Sea, China. The work revealed that A. anophagefferens is not a recently introduced, but an indigenous species in China and has in fact a globally cosmopolitan distribution.
Psychometric evaluation of a new proxy‐instrument to assess participation in children aged 3–6 years with visual impairment: PAI‐CY 3‐6
Authors: Elsman Ellen B M , van Nispen Ruth M A , van Rens Gerardus H M B 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Participation and Activity Inventory for Children and Youth 3–6 years (PAI‐CY 3‐6) was recently developed to assess the participation needs of children with visual impairment (VI) by means of parent‐proxy report. This study reports on its psychometric properties.MethodsParents of children aged 3–6 years registered at two low vision rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands were invited to participate and completed the 52‐item PAI‐CY. Satisfaction with the PAI‐CY 3‐6 was determined using an evaluation form. Basic item analyses was conducted, after which an item response theory (IRT) model (i.e. the graded response model, GRM) was fitted. Deletion of items was informed by results of item analyses, fulfillment of IRT assumptions, differential item functioning, fit to the GRM and item information content. Face and content validity were considered; professionals from low vision rehabilitation centers were asked for their opinion in the item deletion process. After obtaining a satisfactory set of items, known‐group validity, concurrent validity and test‐retest reliability were also investigated.ResultsData of 237 parents were included in the analyses. Various aspects of the PAI‐CY 3‐6 were perceived as neutral to positive by over 85% of the respondents. After removing 17 items, the remaining 35 items reflected satisfactory fit to the GRM. Known‐group validity was supported, since participants with more severe VI and comorbidity scored significantly worse than those with less severe VI and without comorbidity after correcting for potential confounders. Test‐retest reliability was adequate, and the PAI‐CY showed to have good concurrent validity. Feedback from professionals motivated the maintenance of 3 of the 17 deleted items, although not included in the scoring. Furthermore, two new items were added, resulting in a 40‐item instrument.ConclusionsThe PAI‐CY 3‐6 has sound psychometric properties and can now be used to assess the participation needs of children aged 3–6 years with VI by means of proxy. Implementation in routine low vision rehabilitation care enables further optimization and investigation of its acceptability and feasibility.
The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden
Authors: Selling Niels , Svallfors Stefan 
Published: August 2019

This article analyzes career paths and career considerations among policy professionals in Sweden. It builds on a longitudinal dataset where the professionals' careers are mapped and interviews conducted over a six‐year period. We found that: (1) skills such as the ability to navigate the political system make policy professionals employable in a variety of organizations; (2) considerations regarding different aspects of power were central to their career decisions; and (3) the barriers in their labor market are related to ideological commitments, loyalties, and value hierarchies that make policy professionals reluctant to move anywhere their skills could take them.Related ArticlesCorbett, Jack. 2013. “Politicians and Professionalization in the Pacific Islands: Revisiting Self‐Regulation?” Politics & Policy 41 (6): 852‐876. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12050Francia, Peter L., and Paul S. Herrnson. 2007. “Candidate Attitudes toward Negative Campaigning.” Politics & Policy 35 (2): 246‐272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00059.xSvallfors, Stefan. 2016. “Out of the Golden Cage: PR and the Career Opportunities of Policy Professionals.” Politics & Policy 44 (1): 56‐73. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12149
Disaster Risk Management Policies and the Measurement of Resilience for Philippine Regions
Authors: Yonson Rio , Noy Ilan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHow can a government prioritize disaster risk management policies across regions and types of interventions? Using an economic model to assess welfare risk and resilience to disasters, this article systematically tackles the questions: (1) How much asset and welfare risks does each region in the Philippines face from riverine flood disasters? (2) How resilient is each region to riverine flood disasters? (3) What are, per region, the possible interventions to strengthen resilience to riverine flood disasters and what will be their measured benefit? We study the regions of the Philippines to demonstrate the channels through which macroeconomic asset and output losses from disasters translate to consumption and welfare losses at the micro‐economic level. Apart from the regional prioritizations, we identify a menu of policy options ranked according to their level of effectiveness in increasing resilience and reducing welfare risk from riverine floods. The ranking of priorities varies for different regions when their level of expected value at risk is different. This suggests that there are region‐specific conditions and drivers that need to be integrated into considerations and policy decisions, so that these are effectively addressed.