bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holkham Hall: An Architectural ‘Whodunnit’
Authors: Schmidt Leo 
Published: October 2018

Horace Walpole had to put his oar in. ‘How the designs of that house [Holkham], which I have seen an hundred times in Kent’s original drawings, came to be published under another name, and without the slightest mention of the real architect, is beyond my comprehension’. Indeed, The Plans, Elevations, and Sections, of Holkham in Norfolk, The Seat of the Late Earl of Leicester had been published by Matthew Brettingham senior (1699–1769) ten years earlier (1761) without any mention of William Kent (c. 1685–1748). But Walpole’s well-publicised remark completely turned the scales, establishing Kent as the creator and architect of this intriguing work (built 1734-64), which is seen by many as the beau idéal of Anglo-Palladian architecture (Fig. 1).An alternative view of Holkham’s genesis has seen the patron, Thomas Coke, later Earl of Leicester, as the driving force in the creation of the house and its setting — a view confirmed by a great number of drawings and letters discovered since the 1980s. But a ‘reassessment’, recently published in this journal, has now cast doubt on such a conclusion and has attempted to re-establish Kent as Holkham’s architect.
‘The radicals in these Reform times’: Politics, Grand juries, and Ireland’s Unbuilt Assize Courthouses, 1800–50
Authors: Butler Richard J. 
Published: October 2018

It is the aim, in this article, to identify the reasons why certain designs for courthouses in early-nineteenth-century Ireland remained unexecuted, and to do so by analysing surviving drawings and placing them in the political context at this time of Irish local government and of the efforts of Westminster politicians to institute reform. The funding and erection of courthouses were managed by grand juries, an archaic form of local government which gave few rights to smaller taxpayers and was widely perceived as an unaccountable institution associated with theancien régime. In addition to hosting court sittings, courthouses were used by these grand juries for their private meetings and functions. By exploring the agendas and pretensions of these bodies, and by looking at the fluctuating availability of funding sources that were needed to initiate building work, I will argue through a series of Irish case studies that a renewed focus on elite patronage and its associated politics allows a new insight into courthouse building, which places less emphasis than is often the case on, for example, the role played by the changing legal profession in the architectural development of the courthouse.In nineteenth-century Ireland, courthouses demarcated the visible and tangible presence in the urban landscape of the law and state-sanctioned justice. Laws passed by the Irish parliament and then, after its abolition in 1800, by the Westminster government, were enforced in assize courthouses by travelling judges on established ‘circuits’, visiting each city or county town twice a year (in the spring and summer). These judges travelled with great splendour through the countryside, and were welcomed by a high sheriff at the county border and escorted with military pageantry, ritual, and procession to their destination.
A Pantheon for Horses: The Prince Regent’s Dome and Stables at Brighton
Authors: Tyack Geoffrey 
Published: October 2018

Domed rotundas have fascinated and challenged architects and engineers for the last two millennia. Examples can be found throughout the world, most commonly in religious and commemorative buildings, but also in the palaces and bath complexes of ancient Rome and in more recent government and legislative buildings. In modern times technological advances have allowed new and increasingly ambitious kinds of rotunda to be built — markets and exchanges, greenhouses and conservatories, concert and exhibition halls, sports arenas. The roots of this latter development lie in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and one of the pioneering buildings still survives in the unexpected setting of the Royal Pavilion gardens at Brighton.The Brighton Pavilion has always been mainly associated with two people: George, Prince of Wales (the Prince Regent), who commissioned it, and John Nash, the architect who gave it its present exotic appearance. But it is easy to forget that the most distinctive features of the Nash exterior — the Indian-style domes and minarets — took their stylistic character from a building that was completed before he became involved with the Pavilion. This was the royal stables, designed by William Porden for the Prince, built in 1804–08, and now an arts complex.
The gallery in England: names and meanings
Authors: Coope Rosalys 
Published: October 2018

Gallery: in Elizabethan and Jacobean houses, a long room or ‘long gallery’, usually on the upper floor and extending the whole length of the house . . .J. Harris and J. Lever, Illustrated Glossary of Architecture 850-1830 (1969)The ‘long gallery’: a name and a room perfectly familiar these days to anyone visiting or reading about English country houses and, indeed, equally familiar since the midnineteenth century to those acquainted with prints and descriptions of country-house interiors. Does the name, however, as we use it today, go back much further than the nineteenth century and what are the problems which the word ‘gallery’ itself can present?
The Geometry of a Piece of String
Authors: Yeomans David 
Published: October 2018

line, n. […] 4. cord for measuring, levelling etc. […] 6. long narrow mark traced on surface. O.E.D.Between the design and the realization of a building there are a number of ‘drawing’ processes, either on the building site or in the workshop, which range from the setting out of the plan to the production of ‘shop drawings’ from which details are derived. Unfortunately, while the latter have survived in sufficient numbers to have attracted scholarly attention, the setting out of the ground plan leaves no trace. Nevertheless, it is that process that determines the building's basic geometry. While much scholarly effort has gone into attempting to divine the geometrical principles behind designs from Antiquity to the Gothic period, it has not always been informed by an understanding of the setting-out process. Without taking the constraints of that process into account, one is reduced to looking for geometrical relationships within the building, and of course one will find some. Clearly, there were geometrical principles behind almost all buildings, if only that they should be rectangular or symmetrical, but the difficulty is that a few simple rules can easily result in a large number of geometrical relationships within the building that were not used, and possibly not even recognized, by their designers. At the very least, therefore, we should consider how to distinguish those relationships that were actually used by the designers and builders from those that are merely epiphenomenal.
Funding a Roman Catholic Church in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
Authors: Grimes Brendan 
Published: October 2018

… from many a hidden spring streams of riches shall burst forth.In the period 1790 to 1847 more than two thousand Catholic churches were built in Ireland. The money to build these churches (and others later in the nineteenth century) came from affluent Catholics of the merchant, professional, and tenant-farming classes, a few aristocratic Catholics, members of the Catholic gentry, the poor of the parishes, and from members of other churches. Money was given by donations (often monthly or annually) from the affluent, and from the poor by weekly collections. Other important sources included bequests, fund-raising ventures such as raffles and concerts, and charity sermons. People from all social classes sometimes gave their time, skill, and labour towards the end of raising Catholic churches, without asking for payment.
The Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandte Kunst and the Mainstem of German Modernism
Authors: Harrod William Owen 
Published: October 2018

In 1936, Nikolaus Pevsner asserted at the Royal Society of Arts in London that the Weimar Republic had produced two great modern schools of art: Walter Gropius’ Bauhaus and Bruno Paul’s Vereinigte Staatsschulen für freie und angewandte Kunst (Unified State Schools for Fine and Applied Art) in Berlin. Pevsner was outspoken in commending the ‘atmosphere of youth, conquest, thrill’ that pervaded the Bauhaus in emulation of the passionate and revolutionary spirit of its founder. But he was troubled by the shortcomings of its programme. By contrast, Pevsner praised the Vereinigte Staatsschulen for restoring the essential ‘balance between painting and sculpture on the one hand, and handicraft and design on the other’ (Fig. 1). Unlike the Bauhaus, Pevsner concluded, the Vereinigte Staatsschulen ‘represented a success in almost every respect’. Yet, despite its importance to the dissemination of the Modern Movement, the Vereinigte Staatsschulen has been largely forgotten in the English-speaking world, while the Bauhaus has been long been regarded as the epitome of twentieth-century modernism, and, particularly in popular culture, even of the very concept of modernity. Nevertheless the interwoven stories of the Vereinigte Staatsschulen and the Bauhaus, and of their directors, serve to illuminate the complexity of the unwritten history of the Modern Movement.The Vereinigte Staatsschulen and the Bauhaus were, as Pevsner noted, parallel developments. Both emerged from the artistic reform movements that characterized the final years of the German Empire, and which found their culmination in the Deutscher Werkbund. The faculty of Vereinigte Staatsschulen sustained the unbroken history of its progenitor institutions, reflecting a broad and inclusive Modern Movement that echoed the often-contentious composition of the Werkbund itself. The Bauhaus faculty sought, ultimately unsuccessfully, to effect a clear and decisive break from a similar historical context. Notwithstanding its brilliant achievements, the Bauhaus ultimately represents but a single, exclusive branch of the history of the Modern Movement. The Vereinigte Staatsschulen reflects the broader currents that engendered twentieth-century modernism.
Wie geht’s weiter nach der Entzugsbehandlung?
Authors: Schawohl Anne , Adam Miriam , Odenwald Michael 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bisher existieren keine systematischen ambulanten Angebote für Alkoholpatient_innen mit Doppeldiagnosen, die direkt nach Qualifizierter Entzugsbehandlung (QE) einsetzen. Fragestellung: Diese Pilotstudie untersucht, ob durch nahtlos beginnende integrierte ambulante Psychotherapie Alkoholtrinktage und komorbide psychopathologische Symptomatik bei Alkoholpatient_innen mit Doppeldiagnosen reduziert werden können. Methode: 30 alkoholabhängige Patient_innen mit Doppeldiagnose (F3 oder F4) wurden vor Entlassung aus der QE randomisiert (T1) in Experimentalgruppe (n = 15, nahtlos nach Entzugsbehandlung beginnende integrierte ambulante Psychotherapie) oder Kontrollgruppe (n = 15, Warte-Kontrollgruppe). Drei Monate nach QE (T2) wurden alle Patient_innen hinsichtlich Alkoholtrinktage (Timeline Followback, TLFB) und komorbider Symptomatik (Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI; Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) nachuntersucht. Resultate: Im Gruppenvergleich reduzierten sich die Trinktage von T1 zu T2 in der Experimentalgruppe signifikant stärker (92 % vs. 35 %). Psychische Belastung und Depressivität reduzierten sich deutlicher in der Experimentalgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Integrierte Therapieformen sollten weiterentwickelt und evaluiert werden, um die ambulant-psychotherapeutische Versorgung dieser Patient_innengruppe zu verbessern.
The 4 May 2018 Mw 6.9 Hawaii Island Earthquake and Implications for Tsunami Hazards
Authors: Bai Y. , Ye L. , Yamazaki Y. , Lay T. , Cheung K. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe 4 May 2018 (Mw 6.9) earthquake offshore of Kilauea Volcano has raised concerns about potential impacts of locally generated tsunamis in Hawaii. Iterative inversion of global seismic observations guided by forward modeling of regional geodetic and tsunami records yields a self‐consistent fault slip model to quantify the physical processes. This earthquake, similar to other large events in the area, is found to involve a shallowly dipping thrust fault, plausibly on the décollement between the island volcanic edifice and the old Pacific seafloor. The uplift and seaward displacement of Kilauea's south flank generate a tsunami that wraps around Hawaii Island, exposing all shores to direct arrivals and the interconnected insular shelves to resonating wave activities. The impact along the Hawaiian Islands can be categorized at three regional levels in terms of peak wave amplitude and arrival time with implications for tsunami hazards from future larger earthquakes and flank failures.
Discovering State‐Parameter Mappings in Subsurface Models Using Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Sun Alexander Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA fundamental problem in geophysical modeling is related to the identification and approximation of causal structures among physical processes. However, resolving the bidirectional mappings between physical parameters and model state variables (i.e., solving the forward and inverse problems) is challenging, especially when parameter dimensionality is high. Deep learning has opened a new door toward knowledge representation and complex pattern identification. In particular, the recently introduced generative adversarial networks (GANs) hold strong promises in learning cross‐domain mappings for image translation. This study presents a state‐parameter identification GAN (SPID‐GAN) for simultaneously learning bidirectional mappings between a high‐dimensional parameter space and the corresponding model state space. SPID‐GAN is demonstrated using a series of representative problems from subsurface flow modeling. Results show that SPID‐GAN achieves satisfactory performance in identifying the bidirectional state‐parameter mappings, providing a new deep‐learning‐based, knowledge representation paradigm for a wide array of complex geophysical problems.
Genetic characterization of the first detected human case of avian influenza A (H5N6) in Anhui Province, East China
Authors: He Jun , Liu Bo-Yu , Gong Lei , Chen Zhen , Chen Xiao-Long , Hou Sai , Yu Jun-Ling , Wu Jia-Bin , Xia Zhi-Cai , Latif Adams , Gao Rongbao , Su Bin , Liu Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe compared complete genome sequences of two strains of an avian influenza A (H5N6) virus isolated from a patient in Anhui Province with those of other strains from GenBank and Global initiative on sharing all influenza data (GISAID). The HA gene of the isolated virus shared homology with that of A/chicken/Zhejiang/727155/2014 (H5N6) at the level of similarity of 98%. The six internal genes of the Anhui strains were close to those of H9N2 viruses from Zhejiang, Shandong, and Guangdong provinces, with a similarity of 99%. In addition, the similarity between the internal antigens (NP and MP) of the isolated H5N6 virus and H7N9 and H10N8 viruses was 99%. Based on the data of phylogenetic analysis, the H5N6 influenza virus isolated in Anhui Province belonged to clade 2.3.4.4. The virus was shown to have molecular characteristics of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, including eight glycosylation sites and an amino acid sequence of the HA protein cleavage site, PLRERRRKKR/GLF, containing multiple basic amino acids. Additionally, the stalk domain of the NA protein was found to have a deletion in NA stalk region (11 amino acids in N6, positions 58–68). Our study demonstrated that the H5N6 virus from Anhui Province represented a triple-reassortant virus and could be highly pathogenic to humans. The prevalence of this virus should be closely monitored.
Quantitative vessel tortuosity: A potential CT imaging biomarker for distinguishing lung granulomas from adenocarcinomas
Authors: Alilou Mehdi , Orooji Mahdi , Beig Niha , Prasanna Prateek , Rajiah Prabhakar , Donatelli Christopher , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Rakshit Sagar , Yang Michael , Jacono Frank , Gilkeson Robert , Linden Philip , Madabhushi Anant 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdenocarcinomas and active granulomas can both have a spiculated appearance on computed tomography (CT) and both are often fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid on positron emission tomography (PET) scan, making them difficult to distinguish. Consequently, patients with benign granulomas are often subjected to invasive surgical biopsies or resections. In this study, quantitative vessel tortuosity (QVT), a novel CT imaging biomarker to distinguish between benign granulomas and adenocarcinomas on routine non-contrast lung CT scans is introduced. Our study comprised of CT scans of 290 patients from two different institutions, one cohort for training (N = 145) and the other (N = 145) for independent validation. In conjunction with a machine learning classifier, the top informative and stable QVT features yielded an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) of 0.85 in the independent validation set. On the same cohort, the corresponding AUCs for two human experts including a radiologist and a pulmonologist were found to be 0.61 and 0.60, respectively. QVT features also outperformed well known shape and textural radiomic features which had a maximum AUC of 0.73 (p-value = 0.002), as well as features learned using a convolutional neural network AUC = 0.76 (p-value = 0.028). Our results suggest that QVT features could potentially serve as a non-invasive imaging biomarker to distinguish granulomas from adenocarcinomas on non-contrast CT scans.
Diversity and characteristics of colonization of root-associated fungi of Vaccinium uliginosum
Authors: Yang Hongyi , Zhao Xingyu , Liu Changli , Bai Long , Zhao Min , Li Lili 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study investigated ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) diversity in Vaccinium uliginosum across its main wild distribution range in China. Fungal communities in hair roots of V. uliginosum were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Only 22 OTUs were assigned to putative EMF genera. Rhizoscyphus and Meliniomyces dominated EMF communities, followed by Clavaria, Oidiodendron, Lachnum, Acephala, and Phialocephala. There were more dark septate endophytes (DSE) reads from the Greater Khingan Mountains than from other study areas, similar to the results of the percent colonization of DSE by the magnified intersections method. Overall, high-throughput sequencing data provided a rough community-scale sketch of root-associated fungi of V. uliginosum. Two hundred and eighty slow-growing isolates were isolated from root pieces of V. uliginosum, and the isolates matched 16 fungal genera on the basis of morphological and internal transcribed spacer sequence comparison. The isolates of Cryptosporiopsis ericae, Oidiodendron maius, Lachnum sp., Sordariomycetes sp., and Pleosporales sp., formed ericoid hyphal coils via resynthesis trails. The co-existence between EMF and DSE in hair roots was observed via trypan blue staining. A putative model for the co-existence between EMF and DSE in the hair roots of V. uliginosum was proposed. We suggest that under certain environmental stresses, such as low temperature and poor available nutrients, ericoid plants may favor co-colonization by both DSE and EMF.
Hearing Loss Treatment in Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mamo Sara K. , Reed Nicholas S. , Price Carrie , Occhipinti Dona , Pletnikova Alexandra , Lin Frank R. , Oh Esther S. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess studies of treating hearing loss in older adults with cognitive impairment. Of interest to this review is identifying clinical adaptations that may be used to tailor hearing loss treatment to older adults with cognitive impairment in order to better serve this vulnerable population.

Method
A systematic search with controlled vocabulary and key word terms was applied to PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Search concepts included terms related to hearing loss and cognitive impairment. The overall search resulted in 4,945 unique references, 50 of which were eligible for full-text review and 13 of which were included in the final review. Included manuscripts were categorized according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels of evidence and the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tools.

Results
Only 1 study implemented a randomized controlled trial design to assess cognitive function and behavioral symptoms after treatment with hearing aids. Other quasiexperimental studies evaluated dementia-related symptoms and/or auditory function after treating hearing loss in pre/post research designs. Finally, evidence from case studies suggested that hearing loss treatment is feasible, reduces stressful communication for caregivers, and improves dementia-related behavior problems.

Conclusion
Based on the systematic review, evidence suggests that treating hearing loss in persons with cognitive impairment can have benefits to communication and quality of life. Because of the quasi- and nonexperimental nature of most of the evidence found in this review, further studies are necessary to understand the effect of treatment in the context of a variable and progressive disease.
Non-destructive testing based on vibrations in the low to mid-frequency range
Authors: Becht Philip , Deckers Elke , Claeys Claus , Pluymers Bert , Desmet Wim 
Published: October 2018

Recently, it has been shown that a Time Reversal MUltiple Signal Classification (TR-MUSIC) algorithm can be employed to detect defects in samples, which are both challenging in terms of material and in terms of geometrical complexity. This can be achieved by lowering the detection frequency as compared to most other TR and TR-MUSIC applications. In this case, the method operates in a low to mid-frequency range, where accurate models are still realizable. The method relies on the measurement of the frequency response function (FRF) between multiple excitation and sensor locations. These are gathered in a matrix, which then is decomposed in its singular vectors, serving as input for a MUSIC algorithm.
In order to improve the applicability of this method, it is shown how to adapt the algorithm, in order to reduce the number of excitation locations or the number of sensors significantly. This results in a considerable speed-up for the application of this non-destructive testing strategy. Furthermore, it is investigated numerically how the robustness of the detection result under the influence of random measurement errors behaves if the number of excitation/sensor locations is reduced. Additionally, the dependency between, the decrease of the number of excitation/sensor locations and the types of defects, which can be detected is studied.