bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the Role of Histaminergic Tuberomammillary Neurons in Arousal Control
Authors: Venner Anne , Mochizuki Takatoshi , De Luca Roberto , Anaclet Christelle , Scammell Thomas E. , Saper Clifford B. , Arrigoni Elda , Fuller Patrick M. 
Published: September 2019

The histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMNHDC) of the posterior hypothalamus have long been implicated in promoting arousal. More recently, a role for GABAergic signaling by the TMNHDCneurons in arousal control has been proposed. Here, we investigated the effects of selective chronic disruption of GABA synthesis (via genetic deletion of the GABA synthesis enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase 67) or GABAergic transmission (via genetic deletion of the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)) in the TMNHDCneurons on sleep–wake in male mice. We also examined the effects of acute chemogenetic activation and optogenetic inhibition of TMNHDCneurons upon arousal in male mice. Unexpectedly, we found that neither disruption of GABA synthesis nor GABAergic transmission altered hourly sleep–wake quantities, perhaps because very few TMNHDCneurons coexpressed VGAT. Acute chemogenetic activation of TMNHDCneurons did not increase arousal levels above baseline but did enhance vigilance when the mice were exposed to a behavioral cage change challenge. Similarly, acute optogenetic inhibition had little effect upon baseline levels of arousal. In conclusion, we could not identify a role for GABA release by TMNHDCneurons in arousal control. Further, if TMNHDCneurons do release GABA, the mechanism by which they do so remains unclear. Our findings support the view that TMNHDCneurons may be important for enhancing arousal under certain conditions, such as exposure to a novel environment, but play only a minor role in behavioral and EEG arousal under baseline conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus (TMNHDC) have long been thought to promote arousal. Additionally, TMNHDCneurons may counter-regulate the wake-promoting effects of histamine through co-release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA. Here, we show that impairing GABA signaling from TMNHDCneurons does not impact sleep–wake amounts and that few TMNHDCneurons contain the vesicular GABA transporter, which is presumably required to release GABA. We further show that acute activation or inhibition of TMNHDCneurons has limited effects upon baseline arousal levels and that activation enhances vigilance during a behavioral challenge. Counter to general belief, our findings support the view that TMNHDCneurons are neither necessary nor sufficient for the initiation and maintenance of arousal under baseline conditions.
Slow-Wave Activity in the S1HL Cortex Is Contributed by Different Layer-Specific Field Potential Sources during Development
Authors: Ortuño Tania , López-Madrona Victor J. , Makarova Julia , Tapia-Gonzalez Silvia , Muñoz Alberto , DeFelipe Javier , Herreras Oscar 
Published: September 2019

Spontaneous correlated activity in cortical columns is critical for postnatal circuit refinement. We used spatial discrimination techniques to explore the late maturation of synaptic pathways through the laminar distribution of the field potential (FP) generators underlying spontaneous and evoked activities of the S1HL cortex in juvenile (P14–P16) and adult anesthetized rats. Juveniles exhibit an intermittent FP pattern resembling Up/Down states in adults, but with much reduced power and different laminar distribution. Whereas FPs in active periods are dominated by a layer VI generator in juveniles, in adults a developing multipart generator takes over, displaying current sinks in middle layers (III–V). The blockade of excitatory transmission in upper and middle layers of adults recovered the juvenile-like FP profiles. In addition to the layer VI generator, a gamma-specific generator in supragranular layers was the same in both age groups. While searching for dynamical coupling among generators in juveniles we found significant cross-correlation in ∼one-half of the tested pairs, whereas excessive coherence hindered their efficient separation in adults. Also, potentials evoked by tactile and electrical stimuli showed different short-latency dipoles between the two age groups, and the juveniles lacked the characteristic long latency UP state currents in middle layers. In addition, the mean firing rate of neurons was lower in juveniles. Thus, cortical FPs originate from different intra-columnar segments as they become active postnatally. We suggest that although some cortical segments are active early postnatally, a functional sensory-motor control relies on a delayed maturation and network integration of synaptic connections in middle layers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEarly postnatal activity in the rodent cortex is mostly endogenous, whereas it becomes driven by peripheral input at later stages. The precise schedule for the maturation of synaptic pathways is largely unknown. We explored this in the somatosensory hindlimb cortex at an age when animals begin to use their limbs by uncovering the laminar distribution of the field potential generators underlying the dominant delta waves in juveniles and adults. Our results suggest that field potentials are mostly generated by a pathway in deep layers, whereas other pathways mature later in middle layers and take over in adults. We suggest that a functional sensory-motor control relies on a delayed maturation and network integration of synaptic connections in middle layers.
Using Radioactive Elements and the Th/U Ratio in Study of the Geochemical Typification of Granitoids and Their Intrusive Character
Authors: Rikhvanov L.P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—This paper considers the use of radioactive elements for the solution of geochemical problems related to granitoid magmatism. The metallogenic types of granites are recognized on the basis of the contents of radioactive (Th-bearing, rare-metal, U-bearing, gold ore, etc.) elements in them. Special attention is focused on the Th/U ratio, which is higher than 2.5 in primary igneous rocks, such as Li–F granites of the Ongon-Hayrhan deposit (Mongolia). Granitoids with Th/U &lt; 2 (and, the more so, Th/U &lt; 1) cannot be considered igneous. They are either metasomatized or of metasomatic genesis. Petrochemical and geochemical data on these types of rocks should be used for petrological implications with great care. Radiogeochemical indices can and must be used as additional indicators of the genesis of rocks, when it is controversial because of the widely manifested convergence and metasomatism processes.
The Olimpiadinskoe Gold Deposit (Yenisei Ridge): Temperature, Pressure, Composition of Ore-Forming Fluids, δ34S in Sulfides, 3He/4He of Fluids, Ar–Ar Age, and Duration of Formation1
Authors: Gibsher N.A. , Tomilenko A.A. , Sazonov A.V. , Bul’bak T.A. , Ryabukha M.A. , Sil’yanov S.A. , Nekrasova N.A. , Khomenko M.O. , Shaparenko E.O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
—New thermobarogeochemical and isotope-geochemical data are presented, which show the intricate and long history of the formation of the unique Olimpiadinskoe gold deposit with predicted gold reserves of &gt;1000 tons on the Yenisei Ridge. Metal-bearing oxidized water–carbon dioxide and reduced carbon dioxide–hydrocarbon fluids participated (at the same time or successively) in the formation of the deposit at 220–470 °C and 0.6–2.5 kbar. Fluids of gold-bearing mineral assemblages include CO2, hydrocarbons, and S-, N-, and halogen-containing compounds capable of transporting ore elements, including gold. Highly mobile carbon dioxide–hydrocarbon fluids were responsible for the appearance of disseminated gold mineralization in large bodies of quartz–carbonate–mica schists serving as geochemical barriers in the Olimpiadinskoe deposit. The deposit formed in the period from 817 to 660 Ma, which fits the time interval from crystallization to cooling (868–721 Ma) of the most proximal multiphase Chirimba granitoid pluton. The hydrothermal activity of the fluids that formed the Olimpiadinskoe deposit lasted at least 100–150 Myr year.
On the generalization of the Darboux theorem
Authors: Eftekharinasab Kaveh 
Published: September 2019

Darboux theorem to more general context of Frechet manifolds we face an obstacle: in general vector fields do not have local flows. Recently, Fr\'{e}chet geometry has been developed in terms of projective limit of Banach manifolds. In this framework under an appropriate Lipchitz condition The Darboux theorem asserts that a symplectic manifold $(M^{2n},\omega)$ is locally symplectomorphic to $(R^{2n}, \omega_0)$, where $\omega_0$ is the standard symplectic form on $R^{2n}$. This theorem was proved by Moser in 1965, the idea of proof, known as the Moser’s trick, works in many situations. The Moser tricks is to construct an appropriate isotopy $ \ff_t $ generated by a time-dependent vector field $ X_t $ on $M$ such that $ \ff_1^{*} \omega = \omega_0$. Nevertheless, it was showed by Marsden that Darboux theorem is not valid for weak symplectic Banach manifolds. However, in 1999 Bambusi showed that if we associate to each point of a Banach manifold a suitable Banach space (classifying space) via a given symplectic form then the Moser trick can be applied to obtain the theorem if the classifying space does not depend on the point of the manifold and a suitable smoothness condition holds.
If we want to try to generalize the local flows exist and with some restrictive conditions the Darboux theorem was proved by Kumar. In this paper we consider the category of so-called bounded Fr\'{e}chet manifolds and prove that in this category vector fields have local flows and following the idea of Bambusi we associate to each point of a manifold a Fr\'{e}chet space independent of the choice of the point and with the assumption of bounded smoothness on vector fields we prove the Darboux theorem.
Kidney Regeneration in Later-Stage Mouse Embryos via Transplanted Renal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Yamanaka Shuichiro , Saito Yatsumu , Fujimoto Toshinari , Takamura Tsuyoshi , Tajiri Susumu , Matsumoto Kei , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: September 2019

Significance Statement
Although researchers have attempted to regenerate organs by transplanting stem cells into embryos of another species, there is no established method for transplanting cells into the midstage embryo near the onset of organogenesis or information on kidney regeneration resulting from this approach. The authors describe a method to allow transplantation of renal progenitor cells (embryonic stage–matched cells) into the retroperitoneal cavity of mouse fetuses without lethality. The transplanted cells differentiated to glomeruli with capillary loops (comprising blood vessels from the host) and filtration function. In a mouse model of fetuses with atrophic kidneys, transplanting renal progenitor cells into such fetuses produced a transplanted-cell neonephron. These findings demonstrate potential kidney regeneration through transplanting renal progenitor cells to the site of natural kidney development.

Background
The limited availability of donor kidneys for transplantation has spurred interest in investigating alternative strategies, such as regenerating organs from stem cells transplanted into animal embryos. However, there is no known method for transplanting cells into later-stage embryos, which may be the most suitable host stages for organogenesis, particularly into regions useful for kidney regeneration.

Methods
We demonstrated accurate transplantation of renal progenitor cells expressing green fluorescent protein to the fetal kidney development area by incising the opaque uterine muscle layer but not the transparent amniotic membrane. We allowed renal progenitor cell–transplanted fetuses to develop for 6 days postoperatively before removal for analysis. We also transplanted renal progenitor cells into conditional kidney-deficient mouse embryos. We determined growth and differentiation of transplanted cells in all cases.

Results
Renal progenitor cell transplantation into the retroperitoneal cavity of fetuses at E13–E14 produced transplant-derived, vascularized glomeruli with filtration function and did not affect fetal growth or survival. Cells transplanted to the nephrogenic zone produced a chimera in the cap mesenchyme of donor and host nephron progenitor cells. Renal progenitor cells transplanted to conditional kidney-deficient fetuses induced the formation of a new nephron in the fetus that is connected to the host ureteric bud.

Conclusions
We developed a cell transplantation method for midstage to late-stage fetuses. In vivo kidney regeneration from renal progenitor cells using the renal developmental environment of the fetus shows promise. Our findings suggest that fetal transplantation methods may contribute to organ regeneration and developmental research.
Open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery for periampullary cancer (outcomes, advantages, drawbacks)
Authors: Khatkov I. E. , Tsvirkun V. V. , Izrailov R. E. , Mikhnevich M. V. , Vasnev O. S. , Efanov M. G. , Tyutyunnik P. S. , Baychorov M. E. , Andrianov A. V. , Elizarova N. I. , Kazakov I. V. , Vankovich A. N. 
Published: September 2019

Objective. To assess the role of minimally invasive surgery for periampullary cancer.Material and methods. A systematic literature review of original articles devoted to comparison of open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy was performed. Also, our own experience of minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy is shown.Results. Articles included in the analysis showed comparable results of minimally invasive and open pancreatoduodenectomy regarding morbidity, mortality and oncological outcomes. Laparoscopic and robot-assisted pancreatoduodenectomy are associated with significantly less intraoperative blood loss and length of postoperative hospital-stay. However, these procedures require more time.Conclusion. Minimally invasive surgery does not worsen perioperative outcomes and may be considered as an alternative to open procedures in selective patients. Minimally invasive techniques should be implemented in highvolume pancreatic centers only with specialists experienced in minimally invasive surgery.
Características das certificações profissionais (obrigatórias e voluntárias) das áreas Contábil e de Finanças
Authors: Borba José Alonso , Soares José Guilherme , Minatti Ferreira Denize Demarche , Maragno Lucas Martins Dias 
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta as características das principais certificações obrigatórias e não obrigatórias com maior relevância internacional para profissionais das áreas Contábil e de Finanças. Os órgãos certificadores possuem, no mínimo, dez anos de existência e mais de 50 mil membros. Além disso, são líderes em seus campos de atuação. Destaca-se que a obrigatoriedade, tanto no Brasil como nos Estados Unidos surgiu devido à importância da Contabilidade, em que órgãos reguladores optaram pela habilitação mediante certificações obrigatórias, enfrentando um aumento expressivo na demanda imediatamente após casos de irregularidades nas empresas. As certificações não obrigatórias, criadas normalmente por associações ou organizações de profissionais de mercado, vêm aumentando em termos de quantidade. Dentre os requisitos para obtenção das certificações, destaca-se a necessidade de diploma de graduação ou experiência profissional mínima equivalente. Os benefícios apontados recaem no aumento em compensações salariais ao longo da carreira, com diferença expressiva quando comparados aos pares sem certificação.
The Registration of Land Ownership Transfer Due to Inheritance for Foreigners in West Sumatera
Authors: Irawan Ridha Iclasia , Zainul Daulay , Warman Kurnia 
Published: September 2019

The transfer of land ownership as an inheritance is a legal process causing land ownership transfer from the testator to his heirs. To achieve legal certainty in every transfer of land ownership because of inheritance, land ownership transfer should be registered at National Land Agency. Based on Indonesia laws, it is forbidden for foreigners to own land since only Indonesian citizens can have full land ownership rights. The aim of this research is to find out the legal protection and certainty related to the registration of land ownership transfer due to inheritance for foreign heirs in West Sumatra and also the control of the National Land Agency on the length of land ownership rights of foreign heirs which is estimated to only one year. The theories used are legal protection theory by Philipus Hadjon and legal certainty theory by Utrecht. In conducting this study, the method used is qualitative descriptive with normative law study approach. The primary data involved in this study is composed of interviews with staff from several offices of the West Sumatran National Land Agency and notarists. While secondary data consists of legal literature. This study focuses on identifying, determining, and analyzing the inheritance rights, the regulations of land ownership registration, and the control of the National Land Agency on land ownership for foreign heirs. The results show that: 1) the different of nationality between the testator and the foreign heirs does not prevent them from inheriting land ownership rights; 2) foreign heirs are only entitled to have land rights for a period of one year after which the land ownership rights must be transferred to Indonesians; 3) the control of the National Land Agency on foreign heirs’ land ownership rights is only related to the formal condition of the land ownership transfer as the inheritance.
The Effect of Teachers, Work Environment, and Work Satisfaction on the Performance of IPS Teachers of the Demak Regency
Authors: Ibrahim Maulana , Harini Harini , Susilaningsih Susilaningsih 
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a positive influence on teacher competence, work environment and job satisfaction on the performance of social studies teachers in the simultaneous learning process at Demak State Middle School. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research because it uses multiple linear regression analysis. Based on its classification, this study included a correlation study. Based on its nature, this research is basic research. According to the time, this type of research is a cross sectional survey. The population in this study were all Social Sciences teachers in Demak District Middle School, which numbered 118 Social Studies teachers. This study uses the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Based on the results of the calculation, it was obtained that the R Square amounted to 0.521 or 52.1%, which meant that teacher competencies had an influence with a category of 52.1% on the performance of junior high school teachers. Based on the results of the calculation, it was obtained that the R Square amounted to 0.722 or 72.2%, which meant that the work environment had an influence with a category of 72.2% on the performance of junior high school teachers. Based on the results of the calculation obtained by the results of R Square of 0.722 or 79.0%, which means that job satisfaction has an influence with a category of 79.0% on the performance of junior high school teachers. Based on the calculation results obtained by the results of R Square of 0.865 or 86.5% which means that teacher competency, work environment and job satisfaction have an influence with a category of 86.5% on the performance of junior high school teachers, while the remaining 13.5% is influenced by other factors. The results of this study are expected to be useful, as a guide for principals in managing learning in the educational institutions they lead.
Legal Protection of Civils Rights on Childrens’ Birth from the Unrecorded Marriage
Authors: Herlina Nining , Asikin Zainal , Husni Lalu 
Published: September 2019

Marriage is a rule to authorize the relationship of two different gender to become husband and wife. Sociologically, there are marriage that was done by religious law but was not recorded by the state even until it produced children. Law Number 1 from Year 1974 on Marriage confirms that marriage is valid if conducted according to the religion and registered as regulated on binding law.This study aims to examine the law protection of civilization rights on childrens’ birth from the unregistered marriage. Research methods is normative research with statute, conceptual, and case approaches. Conclusion, recording is one of the important aspects in marriage, if marriage is not recorded, even though it is legal based on the religious law, but in the state provision, marriage does not have the legal force. Furthermore, it is not recognized by the state because it does not have the right to manage all interests related to the state. Law protection on childrens’ birth from the unregistered marriages can be taken by isbat nikah to legalize the marriage of their parents.Key Words: Legal Protection, Children, Unrecorded, Marriage, Alimentation, Inheritance, Islamic Law
Mestiçagem e sincretismo na obra Capitães da Areia, de Jorge Amado
Authors: Almeida Rossana Tavares , Pessoa de Andrade Sobreira Íracles Andressa 
Published: September 2019

O intuito deste trabalho é fazer a análise acerca da mestiçagem e sincretismo na obra <em>Capitães da Areia</em>, de Jorge Amado, publicado em 1937, através das personagens Don' Aninha e o Padre José Pedro. A escolha da temática se justifica em face da recorrência do tema na obra do autor, em especial no romance objeto de nossa pesquisa. Em relação à compreensão da temática, nos apoiamos principalmente nas obras de Darcy Ribeiro, <em>O povo brasileiro</em>: a formação e o sentido do Brasil (1995), além das pesquisas <em>Sincretismo religioso afro-brasileiro,</em> de Valdemar Valente (1976) e <em>Sincretismo afro-católico no Brasil: lições de um povo em exílio</em>, de Afonso Soares (2002). No que diz respeito à compreensão desse tema no <em>corpus</em>, nos apoiamos no trabalho de Lilia Moritz Schwarcz “O artista da mestiçagem”,<strong> </strong>que integra a obra de Ilana Seltzer, <em>O universo de Jorge Amado</em> (2009), como também no estudo sociológico de Reginaldo Prandi, <em>Religião e sincretismo religioso em Jorge Amado</em>, escrito em 2009. Assim, nossa análise se detém nos personagens que mais representam a mestiçagem e o sincretismo religioso brasileiro no <em>corpus</em> escolhido. Apesar de a obra amadiana, objeto deste estudo, ser conhecida pela crítica social ao abandono de crianças e adolescentes, instala-se nessa denúncia literária a temática de nossa mestiçagem espiritual advinda de nossa própria formação como povo. No que se refere à metodologia, nos utilizares dos pressupostos de Antonio Candido, elaborados em sua <em>Literatura e sociedade</em> (1965).
Nanosilver Colloid Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites and Bradyzoites in Vitro
Authors: SHOJAEE Saeedeh , FIROUZEH Nima , KESHAVARZ Hussein , JAFARPOUR AZAMI Sanaz , SALIMI Mahboobeh , MOHEBALI Mehdi 
Published: September 2019

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, the coccidian protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution, is the agent of toxoplasmosis. The disease is life threatening in congenital form and in immunocompromised patients. The present study was carried out in 2016 to evaluate the in vitro effects of nanosilver colloid on tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains.
Methods: Different concentrations (5, 10 , 20 ppm) of nanosilver colloid were added to tachyzoites of T. gondii , RH strain (type I) and bradyzoites and tissue cysts of T. gondii , Tehran strain (type II) and incubated for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The mortality rates of tachyzoites and bradyzoites were evaluated by trypan blue dye and MTT assay. Then SEM carried out to show the changes between control and exposed parasites.
Results: The greatest mortality rate was seen in 20 ppm concentration and after 120 minutes of exposure. By electron microscopy, the structural changes were seen in tachyzoites of RH and tissue cyst of Tehran strain in comparison with control groups.
Conclusion: Nanosilver colloid was effective on both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains.