bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Ethical Landscape of the Artificial Placenta: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cavolo Alice , de Boer Angret , De Proost Lien , Verweij E. J. , Gastmans Chris 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis systematic review aims at presenting the ethical debate on the artificial placenta (AP) by identifying, distinguishing, and organizing the different ethical arguments described in the literature. Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria: discussing ethical arguments, on AP, written in English. QUAGOL methodology was used for analysis. Forty‐five articles were included. We identified three themes. First, foundational‐ethical issues. There is disagreement on whether the AP subject should be considered an infant or a new moral entity. While physiologically it stays in the fetus, it sits outside the womb. Second, reproductive ethics issues. Few authors believed that the AP would increase reproductive choices. The majority warned that the AP could limit reproductive choices by creating pressure to use it in healthy pregnancies or as an alternative to abortion. Third, research ethics issues. Publications mostly focused on the selection of the in‐human trial participants. We concluded that AP ethical literature focuses mostly on the potential use of AP as an alternative to abortion or healthy pregnancies rather than on its intended use as a treatment after extremely premature birth. Therefore, we conclude that the current ethical literature on AP is imbalanced: it leans more toward science fiction than actual clinical and technological reality.
Conjugated microporous polymers for task‐specific photocatalysis
Authors: Qin Hao , Li Wen , Li Sizhe , Gao Zhu , Xie Qiujian , Zhang Weijie , Tang Ruiren , Gu Shuai , Tang Juntao , Yu Guipeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs), distinguished by their extended π‐conjugated backbones, nontoxicity and micropore characteristics, provide notable benefits in the development of heterogeneous catalysis systems for task‐specific transformations. This review aims to summarize the up‐to‐date advances in the field of photocatalysis by CMPs, with a particular focus on the applications of CMPs in photocatalytic hydrogen precipitation, pollutant degradation and organic transformation in the last 5 years. Meanwhile, this review also summarizes the major challenges in this field and gives suggestions for the feasible direction of development. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modified guaiacol‐based benzoxazines for optical, aggregation‐induced emission and corrosion‐resistant coating applications
Authors: Saravanamuthu Arjitha , Khaja Najimudeen Mohamed Mydeen , Balaji Krishnasamy , Mani Kailasam Saravana , Govindasamy Rathika , Muthukaruppan Alagar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTwo new kinds of modified bifunctional and trifunctional guaiacol, namely 4,4′‐(bis(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene)bis(2‐methoxyphenol) (BBM) and 4,4′‐((2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methylene)bis(2‐methoxyphenol) (HBM), were synthesized using guaiacol with respective keto derivatives under appropriate experimental conditions. Two series of benzoxazines were developed with BBM and HBM using various amines (dodecylamine (dda), octadecylamine (oda), furfurylamine (ffa), aniline (a) and 4‐fluoroaniline (fa)) with paraformaldehyde through Mannich condensation with a view to utilize them for anticorrosive and optical resistant coating applications. The molecular structures of the synthesized precursors and benzoxazine monomers were characterized using appropriate analytical techniques. The polymerization temperature of the benzoxazines was assessed using differential scanning calorimetry. Among the benzoxazine monomers synthesized, the monomer HBM‐fa exhibits the lowest curing temperature (217 °C). Data obtained from thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the polybenzoxazines poly(BBM‐ffa) and poly(HBM‐ffa) possess higher thermal stability (455 and 425 °C) and higher char yield (54% and 60%) than the other polybenzoxazines. In both series, octadecylamine‐based polybenzoxazines (BBM‐oda and HBM‐oda) exhibited the highest values of water contact angle of 148° and 149° respectively. Additionally, the benzoxazines showed aggregation‐induced emission properties during fluorescence studies. Morphological analyses using different analytical techniques on selected polybenzoxazines were carried out before and after the corrosion process. Results from corrosion studies, i.e. Tafel and Nyquist plots, implied that the polybenzoxazines can be used as effective coating material to protect mild steels from corrosion. Data from different studies suggest that the developed benzoxazines can be used in the form of optical and anticorrosion coatings under thermally harsh and moist environments. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vinyl Ketones Containing Fluorene Skeletons for Acrylic Resins with High Refractive Index and Negative Birefringence
Authors: Ohyama Masatoshi , Yasuda Rie , Kuratani Hirotsugu , Miyauchi Shinsuke , Kohsaka Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe radical (co)polymerization of 2‐acryloylfluorene (1a) and 2‐acryloyl‐9,9‐dimethylflureoene (1b) with methyl methacrylate and the thermal and optical properties of the resulting (co)polymers are investigated. Because the two methyl groups at the 9‐position prevent the interaction of aromatic rings, the solubility is drastically improved for the homopolymer of 1b. The incorporation of 1b‐units increases both the glass transition temperature (118°C–170°C) and 5% weight‐loss temperature (289°C–354°C). In addition, the refractive index of the polymers at 589 nm increases from 1.49 to 1.65 with higher mole fractions of 1b‐units, whereas the negative birefringence significantly increases. These features are attributed to the restricted bond rotation of the rigid aromatic pendant groups bound to the backbone via an sp2 carbon atom (carbonyl group).
Feasibility planning study of lattice radiotherapy for palliation in bulky tumors
Authors: NP Jayashree , Rao Shreekripa , Singh Anshul , Velu Umesh , Mehta Ankita , Lewis Shirley 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeLattice radiotherapy can potentially deliver high doses to the tumor core, while conventional doses to the periphery resulting in improved response rates in large tumors (> 5 cm). We assessed the feasibility of planning lattice radiotherapy and dosimetrically compared it with conventional radiotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective dosimetric study evaluated 10 patients with large tumors (> 5 cm) treated with palliative intent with a dose of 20Gy in five fractions. High‐dose lattice points were created at doses of 50Gy in non‐hepatic tumors and 35Gy in hepatic tumors. Lattice plans were compared with treatment plans regarding dose coverage and organ‐at‐risk dosimetry.ResultsTreated sites included soft tissue metastases to the neck, lungs, abdomen, pelvis, and liver. The mean lesion volume was 1103 cc (352–3173 cc). The maximum tumor size was 16 cm. The target volume coverage was > 95% in all but one case (88% to achieve organ constraints). Dosimetry and organ‐at‐risk doses were similar in both palliative treatment and simulated lattice plans.ConclusionLattice radiotherapy is feasible in large tumors using volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and achieves good coverage while meeting organ constraints. However, a prospective clinical evaluation is required to confirm its efficacy.
Discovery of novel pyrazoline insecticides
Authors: Chaudhuri Rupsha , Khanna Smriti , Lokhande Pravin , Sable Vikas , Salgado Vincent L. , Wedel Barbara J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pyrazoline insecticides, invented by Philips Duphar in the 1970s, provide excellent control of lepidopterans and coleopterans and introduced a novel mode of action (MoA) as sodium‐channel‐blocking insecticides, but were not commercialized due to unacceptable persistence. This MoA is less explored, with only two successfully commercialized insecticides derived from the pyrazoline class – the oxadiazine indoxacarb from FMC (developed by DuPont) and the semicarbazone metaflumizone, co‐developed by BASF and Nihon Nohyaku.RESULTSThe design and synthesis of novel pyrazoline insecticides with improved biological efficacy and favorable environmental fate profile are described. Their structures are confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Bioassay studies confirmed the insecticidal efficacy of the synthesized compounds against four key species: cotton boll weevil, tobacco budworm, diamondback moth and southern armyworm. Environmental fate profiles of a few representatives were evaluated, and MoA studies confirm that the MoA of these newly synthesized analogs (voltage‐gated sodium channel block) is preserved.CONCLUSIONWe used a chemistry‐driven approach to explore position 5 on the pyrazoline core and a computationally‐driven approach for bio‐isosteric replacement of the aryl amide, leading to two novel pyrazoline sub‐classes with improved insecticidal activities and favorable environmental fate profiles compared to PH 60‐41 (the Philips Duphar compound). The MoA of these novel sub‐classes was also confirmed as block of voltage‐dependent sodium channels. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Artemether Ameliorates Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Restraining Cross‐Talk Between Lipotoxicity‐Induced Hepatic Hepatocytes and Macrophages
Authors: Xu Jia , Cheng Xiaoyan , Wang Qi , Zhang Feng , Ren Xinxin , Huang Kunlun , Hu Yanzhou , Gao Ruxin , Yang Kun , Yin Jingya , Yang Bingqing , He Xiaoyun , Li Yue 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has no effective treatment drug. Our previous study initially found that artemether (Art) treatment significantly attenuates NSAH by regulating liver lipid metabolism. This study further elucidates new mechanisms of Art in improving liver inflammation and provides evidence for drug repurposing. Herein, we utilized HFHF diet‐induced animal model and macrophage models to detect the mechanisms of Art in NASH. We confirmed that Art significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, injury, and fibrosis in a high‐fat high‐fructose (HFHF) diet‐induced animal model. Art significantly suppressed the activation of inflammatory macrophages and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β) by reducing serum double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) levels and triggering the AIM2/Caspase‐1/GSDMD signaling in vivo. dsDNA‐induced Caspase‐1 and PI‐positive cells pyroptosis, AIM2 inflammasome activation, IL‐1β, and IL‐18 secretion increase were inhibited by Art in vitro. Furthermore, we found Art effectively suppressed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), a typical form of dsDNA, released from free fatty acid (FFA)‐stressed hepatocytes, which further inhibited AIM2 inflammasome mediated‐pyroptosis through decreasing the cleavage of Caspase‐1/GSDMD/IL‐1β. Moreover, inhibition of the AIM2 gene partly reversed the inhibitory effect of Art on macrophage pyroptosis. Impaired mitochondrial structure and function were confirmed in FFA‐stressed hepatocytes and the HFHF‐diet‐induced NASH mouse model, which was reversed by Art treatment. The present study provides evidence for Art as a potential anti‐pyroptosis therapeutic agent for NASH treatment.
Assimilation of Ground‐Based Microwave Radiometer Temperature Observations Into a Convective‐Scale NWP Model for Fog Forecast Improvement
Authors: Thomas Guillaume , Martinet Pauline , Brousseau Pierre , Chambon Philippe , Georgis Jean‐François , Hervo Maxime , Huet Thierry , Löhnert Ulrich , Orlandi Emiliano , Unger Vinciane 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring the SOuthwest FOGs 3D (SOFOG3D) campaign, a unique network of eight ground‐based microwave radiometers (MWRs) has been deployed over the southwestern part of France in order to improve fog forecasting, among other objectives. Observations have been acquired from mid‐autumn to mid‐spring 2019/2020 with the aim of assessing the impact of the assimilation of such observations in the Application de la Recherche à l'Opérationnel à Méso‐Échelle (AROME‐France) numerical weather prediction model during fog conditions. For that purpose, temperature profiles derived from MWR measurements at six different locations have been assimilated for a time period of three months with a three‐dimensional variational assimilation system similar to the one used operationally in the AROME‐France numerical weather prediction model. Positive impacts on AROME‐France one‐hour background and analysis have been obtained, as well as statistically significant temperature improvements for up to eight hours of forecast during all weather conditions. Positive impacts are also demonstrated during fog conditions, both for a single case study and statistically for temperature and fog forecast scores over several fog events.
Hybrid statistical–dynamical seasonal prediction of summer extreme temperatures in Europe
Authors: Famooss Paolini Luca , Ruggieri Paolo , Pascale Salvatore , Brattich Erika , Di Sabatino Silvana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough summer extreme temperatures over Europe are potentially predictable on seasonal time‐scales, state‐of‐the‐art dynamical seasonal prediction systems (SPSs) exhibit low skills in predicting such events in central and northern Europe. This limitation arises from the underestimation of predictable components of climate variability in the model ensemble. However, recent studies suggest that the skills in predicting extratropical climate can be largely improved through statistical postprocessing techniques, which increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio in the model ensemble. In this study, we evaluate the potential for improving the seasonal prediction skills of European summer extreme temperatures in a multimodel ensemble (MME) of SPSs by applying a teleconnection‐based subsampling technique in the hindcast period 1993–2016. This technique is applied to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and East Atlantic (EA) modes, which are key drivers of summer extreme temperatures in Europe. Results show that the subsampling substantially improves the MME prediction skills of both the summer NAO and EA. Specifically, correlations between the observed and subsampled MME NAO indices improve from to 0.77, and for the EA they improve from −0.11 to 0.84. Similarly, the root‐mean‐square error of the subsampled MME NAO (EA) index improves from 1.06 (1.02) to 0.65 (0.56). Moreover, retaining those ensemble members that accurately represent the NAO teleconnections enhances the MME prediction skills for the summer European climate, including the occurrence of summer extreme temperatures. This improvement is particularly pronounced in central and northern Europe; that is, the regions where current SPSs show the lowest skills in predicting European heat extremes. In contrast, selecting ensemble members that accurately represent the EA teleconnections does not improve the predictions of summer extreme temperatures. This is likely associated with the model deficiencies in realistically representing the spatial pattern of the summer EA and, thus, the physical processes driving summer extreme temperatures.
Satellite Sun‐Safe Controller Design Based on Super‐Twisting Disturbance Observer With Interval Analysis
Authors: Yang Sen , Wang Zhenhua , Dávila Jorge , Raïssi Tarek 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article investigates a satellite sun‐safe controller based on a super‐twisting disturbance observer (STDO) with interval analysis. First, a variable gain sliding mode control (SMC) algorithm is proposed to ensure that the satellite can achieve a fixed‐axis rotation and sun‐pointing attitude. The controller gains are adjusted according to the disturbance estimation value and the interval of the disturbance estimation error. The important feature of the adaptation algorithm is in non overestimating the values of the control gains. To achieve the purpose of non‐overestimating, a STDO is constructed to estimate the unknown disturbance. Additionally, the interval of the disturbance estimation error is obtained by interval analysis to update the controller gain in real time. Then, the stability and convergence of the closed‐loop system, including the variable gain sliding mode controller and the super‐twisting observer, are verified by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only performs better in terms of convergence and accuracy than the state‐of‐the‐art sun‐safe controller design method but also achieves more negligible chattering in the presence of disturbance torque compared to the fixed gain SMC method.
Revolutionary Love: Centering the Full Humanity of Children in the Literacy Curriculum
Authors: Braden Eliza , Myers Michele , Thornton Natasha , Rodriguez Sanjuana , Wynter‐Hoyte Kamania 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis qualitative study explores how teachers implement literacy pedagogies that affirm and engage students despite facing restrictive literacy mandates. We interviewed a focus group of four veteran Revolutionary Loving kindergarten through fifth‐grade teachers from three Title 1 schools in the southeastern United States. Additionally, the study examined how teachers challenged deficit‐oriented beliefs, employed strategies to understand students' cultural and linguistic identities, expanded their knowledge of research‐proven best practices, and created intentional learning communities. Findings revealed several barriers, such as state education laws inhibiting pro‐Black and pro‐Latinx discussions, standardized testing, and mandated scripted literacy curricula. Teachers navigated these barriers by centering students' lives, incorporating supplemental materials, and being responsive to students. Enhancing factors included supportive school environments, mentorship, and professional development. Drawing on culturally relevant pedagogy, culturally sustaining pedagogy, and Revolutionary Love, the study emphasizes the importance of teacher autonomy, culturally sustaining pedagogies, and ongoing professional learning to navigate restrictive mandates and foster student‐centered, liberatory literacy instruction.
Drivers of green consumption: Ethical ideologies and corporate social responsibility in sustainability awareness
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Faisal , Yuan Jingbo , Shahzad Khuram , Huang Yiting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examine the relationship between various ethical motivations and types of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities to better understand the drivers of green consumption behavior in the context of sustainability. The motivations behind green consumption and sustainability are rooted in distinct ethical and social responsibility considerations. We identified distinct ethical ideologies, derived from the two dimensions of the Ethical Position questionnaire—idealism and relativism—as proposed by Forsyth (1980). Data for the study were gathered using convenience sampling, with 1100 questionnaires distributed across China and Pakistan, ultimately yielding 476 valid responses from China and 503 from Pakistan after data cleaning. Our research is set in the contrasting contexts of Pakistan and China, both of which are undergoing significant sustainability transformations. The relevance of CSR initiatives in these settings makes them ideal for studying the dynamics of green consumption through the lens of CSR and ethical ideologies. The findings reveal that different ethical motivations and CSR approaches toward green consumption can significantly contribute to long‐term corporate sustainability. Corporate managers, aware of the growing importance of corporate sustainability, are increasingly focusing on promoting green consumption practices to maintain competitive advantage. Our study addresses how varying ethical ideologies and CSR strategies influence green consumption behavior in the specific cultural and economic contexts of China and Pakistan.
Dynamic Treatment Regimes on Dyadic Networks
Authors: Rizi Marizeh Mussavi , Dubin Joel A. , Wallace Micheal P. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIdentifying interventions that are optimally tailored to each individual is of significant interest in various fields, in particular precision medicine. Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) employ sequences of decision rules that utilize individual patient information to recommend treatments. However, the assumption that an individual's treatment does not impact the outcomes of others, known as the no interference assumption, is often challenged in practical settings. For example, in infectious disease studies, the vaccine status of individuals in close proximity can influence the likelihood of infection. Imposing this assumption when it, in fact, does not hold, may lead to biased results and impact the validity of the resulting DTR optimization. We extend the estimation method of dynamic weighted ordinary least squares (dWOLS), a doubly robust and easily implemented approach for estimating optimal DTRs, to incorporate the presence of interference within dyads (i.e., pairs of individuals). We formalize an appropriate outcome model and describe the estimation of an optimal decision rule in the dyadic‐network context. Through comprehensive simulations and analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) data, we demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed joint optimization strategy compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art conditional optimization methods in estimating the optimal treatment assignments when within‐dyad interference exists.
Valleytronics: Fundamental Challenges and Materials Beyond Transition Metal Chalcogenides
Authors: Xu Rui , Zhang Zhiguo , Liang Jia , Zhu Hanyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractValleytronics, harnessing the valley degree of freedom in the momentum space, is a potential energy‐efficient approach for information encoding, manipulation, and storage. Valley degree of freedom exists in a few conventional semiconductors, but recently the emerging 2D materials, such as monolayer transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are considered more ideal for valleytronics, due to the additional protection from spin‐valley locking enabled by their inversion symmetry breaking and large spin‐orbit coupling. However, current limitations in the valley lifetime, operation temperature, and light‐valley conversion efficiency in existing materials encumber the practical applications of valleytronics. In this article, the valley depolarization mechanisms and recent progress of novel materials are systematically reviewed for valleytronics beyond TMDs. Valley physics is first reviewed and the factors determining the valley lifetime, including the intrinsic electron‐electron and electron‐lattice interactions, as well as extrinsic defect effects. Then, experimentally demonstrated and theoretically proposed valley materials are introduced which potentially improve valley properties through the changes of spin‐orbit coupling, electronic interactions, time‐reversal symmetry, structures, and defects. Finally, the challenges and perspectives are summarized to realize valleytronic devices in the future.