bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The regulation and impact of eight Australian coal mine waste water discharges on downstream river water quality: a regional comparison of active versus closed mines
Authors: Belmer Nakia , Wright Ian A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWater quality of rivers that received coal mine wastes from four active and three closed mines were investigated, focusing on ecologically hazardous pollutants. Zinc and nickel concentrations were highest downstream of two closed mines, particularly from the Canyon mine that closed 20 years earlier. Coal mine wastes increased nickel concentrations in waterways by an average of 25 times. The average concentration of zinc increased below mines waste discharges from 8.6 µg/L (upstream) to 83.4 µg/L (downstream). All coal mine discharges increased river salinity. Salinity increased by more than 6 times (upstream mean 101.4–741.7 µS/cm downstream). This study provides a reminder that water pollution from coal mines is a major environmental issue for both active and closed mines. The study highlights the need for more stringent and consistent environmental regulation for all mines, including key hazardous pollutants from wastes emerging from both active and closed mines.
Genetic background of CTX‐M‐15‐producing Enterobacter hormaechei ST114 and Citrobacter freundii ST265 co‐infecting a free‐living green turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Authors: Goldberg Daphne W. , Fernandes Miriam R. , Sellera Fábio P. , Costa Daniela G. C. , Loureiro Bracarense Ana Paula , Lincopan Nilton 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCTX‐M‐type extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae have become identified in marine ecosystem constituting a serious ecological issue. In this respect, although contamination of coastal waters and seafood, and even colonization of seabirds and fishes have been increasingly reported, molecular data are lacking to elucidate the clinical impact of ESBL producers in infected marine animals. In this study, using a genomic approach, we have analysed the genetic background of CTX‐M‐15‐producing Enterobacter hormaechei (belonging to the international human clone ST114) and Citrobacter freundii (ST265) co‐infecting a free‐living green turtle (Chelonia mydas) suffering from septic arthritis, which progressed to generalized coelomitis and death. Wide resistome of these pathogens contributed to treatment failure and death of the animal.
Recruitment of non‐perfused sublingual capillaries increases microcirculatory oxygen extraction capacity throughout ascent to 7126 m
Authors: Hilty Matthias Peter , Merz Tobias Michael , Hefti Urs , Ince Can , Maggiorini Marco , Pichler Hefti Jacqueline 
Published: March 2019

Key points
A physiological response to increase microcirculatory oxygen extraction capacity at high altitude is to recruit capillaries.
In the present study, we report that high altitude‐induced sublingual capillary recruitment is an intrinsic mechanism of the sublingual microcirculation that is independent of changes in cardiac output, arterial blood pressure or systemic vascular hindrance.
Using a topical nitroglycerin challenge to the sublingual microcirculation, we show that high altitude‐related capillary recruitment is a functional response of the sublingual microcirculation as opposed to an anatomical response associated with angiogenesis.
The concurrent presence of a low capillary density and high microvascular reactivity to topical nitroglycerin at sea level was found to be associated with a failure to reach the summit, whereas the presence of a high baseline capillary density with the ability to further increase maximum recruitable capillary density upon ascent to an extreme altitude was associated with summit success.
AbstractA high altitude (HA) stay is associated with an increase in sublingual capillary total vessel density (TVD), suggesting microvascular recruitment. We hypothesized that microvascular recruitment occurs independent of cardiac output changes, that it relies on haemodynamic changes within the microcirculation as opposed to structural changes and that microcirculatory function is related to individual performance at HA. In 41 healthy subjects, sublingual handheld vital microscopy and echocardiography were performed at sea level (SL), as well as at 6022 m (C2) and 7042 m (C3), during ascent to 7126 m within 21 days. Sublingual topical nitroglycerin was applied to measure microvascular reactivity and maximum recruitable TVD (TVDNG). HA exposure decreased resting cardiac output, whereas TVD (mean ± SD) increased from 18.81 ± 3.92 to 20.92 ± 3.66 and 21.25 ± 2.27 mm mm−2 (P < 0.01). The difference between TVD and TVDNG was 2.28 ± 4.59 mm mm−2 at SL (P < 0.01) but remained undetectable at HA. Maximal TVDNG was observed at C3. Those who reached the summit (n = 15) demonstrated higher TVD at SL (P < 0.01), comparable to TVDNG in non‐summiters (n = 21) at SL and in both groups at C2. Recruitment of sublingual capillary TVD to increase microcirculatory oxygen extraction capacity at HA was found to be an intrinsic mechanism of the microcirculation independent of cardiac output changes. Microvascular reactivity to topical nitroglycerin demonstrated that HA‐related capillary recruitment is a functional response as opposed to a structural change. The performance of the vascular microcirculation needed to reach the summit was found to be associated with a higher TVD at SL and the ability to further increase TVDNG upon ascent to extreme altitude.
Discussion: “Computational Analysis for Mixed Convective Flows of Viscous Fluids With Nanoparticles” (Farooq, U., Lu, D. C., Ahmed, S., and Ramzan, M., 2019, ASME J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl., 11(2), p. 021013)
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The present comment concerns some doubtful results included in the above paper.
Objective model to facilitate designation of military–civilian partnership hospitals for sustainment of military trauma readiness
Authors: Hall Andrew , Qureshi Iram , Shackelford Stacy , Glaser Jacob , Bulger Eileen M , Scalea Thomas , Gurney Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundA major dilemma of the military surgeon is the requirement for battlefield trauma expertise without regular exposure to a traumatically injured patient. To solve this problem, the military is partnering with civilian trauma centers to obtain the required trauma exposure. The main objective of this article is to quantify institutional differences and develop a predictive model for estimating the number of 24-hour trauma shifts a surgeon must be on call at civilian centers to experience urgent trauma cases.MethodsTrauma databases from multiple institutions were queried to obtain all urgent trauma cases occurring during a 2-year period. A predictive model was used to estimate the number of urgent surgical cases in multiple specialties surgeons would experience over various numbers of 24-hour shifts and the number of 24-hour shifts required to experience a defined number of cases.ResultsInstitution 1 had the lowest number of required 24-hour shifts to experience 10 urgent operative cases for general/trauma surgery (10 calls) and orthopedic surgery (6 calls) and the highest number of predicted cases over 12 days, 18.3 (95% CI 11 to 27), with 95% confidence. The expected trauma cases and 24-hour shifts at Institution 1 were statistically significant (p<0.0001). There were seasonal effects at all institutions except for Institution 3.DiscussionThere are significant variabilities in trauma center volume and therefore, the expected number of shifts and cases during a specific period of time is significantly different between trauma centers. This predictive model is objective and can therefore be used as an extrapolative tool to help and inform the military regarding placement of personnel in optimal centers for trauma currency rotations.Level of evidenceEconomic and value-based evaluations, level II.
Laryngeal muscle biology in thePink1−/−rat model of Parkinson disease
Authors: Glass Tiffany J. , Kelm-Nelson Cynthia A. , Russell John A. , Szot John C. , Lake Jacob M. , Connor Nadine P. , Ciucci Michelle R. 
Published: March 2019

Neuromuscular pathology is found in the larynx and pharynx in humans with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown when this pathology emerges. We hypothesized that pathology occurs in early (premanifest) stages. To address this, we used the Pink1−/− rat model of PD, which shows age-dependent dopaminergic neuron loss, locomotor deficits, and deficits related to laryngeal function. We report findings in the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) in Pink1−/− rats compared with wild-type (WT) control rats at 4 and 6 mo of age. TAs were analyzed for force production, myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC), centrally nucleated myofibers, neural cell adhesion molecule, myofiber size, and muscle section size. Compared with WT, Pink1−/− TA had reductions in force levels at 1-Hz stimulation and 20-Hz stimulation, increases in relative levels of MyHC 2L, increases in incidence of centrally nucleated myofibers in the external division of the TA, and reductions in myofiber size of the vocalis division of the TA at 6 mo of age. Alterations of laryngeal muscle biology occur in a rat model of premanifest PD. Although these alterations are statistically significant, their functional significance remains to be determined.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pathology of peripheral nerves and muscle has been reported in the larynx and pharynx of humans diagnosed with Parkinson disease (PD); however, it is unknown whether differences of laryngeal muscle occur at premanifest stages. This study examined the thyroarytenoid muscles of the Pink1−/− rat model of PD for differences of muscle biology compared with control rats. Thyroarytenoid muscles of Pink1−/− rats at premanifest stages show differences in multiple measures of muscle biology.
Multi-omics Integration Analysis Robustly Predicts High-Grade Patient Survival and Identifies CPT1B Effect on Fatty Acid Metabolism in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Vantaku Venkatrao , Dong Jianrong , Ambati Chandrashekar R. , Perera Dimuthu , Donepudi Sri Ramya , Amara Chandra Sekhar , Putluri Vasanta , Ravi Shiva Shankar , Robertson Matthew J. , Piyarathna Danthasinghe Waduge Badrajee , Villanueva Mariana , von Rundstedt Friedrich-Carl , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Ballester Leomar Y. , Terris Martha K. , Bollag Roni J. , Lerner Seth P. , Apolo Andrea B. , Villanueva Hugo , Lee MinJae , Sikora Andrew G. , Lotan Yair , Sreekumar Arun , Coarfa Cristian , Putluri Nagireddy 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The perturbation of metabolic pathways in high-grade bladder cancer has not been investigated. We aimed to identify a metabolic signature in high-grade bladder cancer by integrating unbiased metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics to predict patient survival and to discover novel therapeutic targets.

Experimental Design:
We performed high-resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and bioinformatic analysis to determine the global metabolome and lipidome in high-grade bladder cancer. We further investigated the effects of impaired metabolic pathways using in vitro and in vivo models.

Results:
We identified 519 differential metabolites and 19 lipids that were differentially expressed between low-grade and high-grade bladder cancer using the NIST MS metabolomics compendium and lipidblast MS/MS libraries, respectively. Pathway analysis revealed a unique set of biochemical pathways that are highly deregulated in high-grade bladder cancer. Integromics analysis identified a molecular gene signature associated with poor patient survival in bladder cancer. Low expression of CPT1B in high-grade tumors was associated with low FAO and low acyl carnitine levels in high-grade bladder cancer, which were confirmed using tissue microarrays. Ectopic expression of the CPT1B in high-grade bladder cancer cells led to reduced EMT in in vitro, and reduced cell proliferation, EMT, and metastasis in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our study demonstrates a novel approach for the integration of metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics data, and identifies a common gene signature associated with poor survival in patients with bladder cancer. Our data also suggest that impairment of FAO due to downregulation of CPT1B plays an important role in the progression toward high-grade bladder cancer and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Mechanism of Action of a New Anti-CD38 Antibody: Enhancing Myeloma Immunotherapy
Authors: Malavasi Fabio , Faini Angelo Corso 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Antibody therapy is a treatment option for several diseases, including multiple myeloma. The logic behind it is relatively simple: A target molecule is selected because of its expression on tumor cells, and the antibody delivers cytotoxic effects. Therapeutic results in multiple myeloma indicate that the anti-CD38 antibodies may have relevant immunotherapeutic properties.
See related article by Moreno et al., p. 3176
Proteomics Profiling and Risk of New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation: Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ko Darae , Benson Mark D. , Ngo Debby , Yang Qiong , Larson Martin G. , Wang Thomas J. , Trinquart Ludovic , McManus David D. , Lubitz Steven A. , Ellinor Patrick T. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Gerszten Robert E. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Lin Honghuang 
Published: March 2019

Background
Prior studies relating proteomics markers to incident AF screened for limited numbers of proteins.

Methods and Results

We performed proteomics assays among participants from the Framingham Heart Study Offspring attending their fifth examination. Plasma protein levels (n=1373) were measured by the SOMAscan proteomic profiling platform. We used robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model to relate each protein level with incident AF. In addition, we examined the association between AF‐related genetic loci and levels of proteins associated with AF. Our study included 1885 participants (mean age 55±10 years, 54% women) who had proteomic profiles measured. A total of 349 participants developed AF during follow‐up (mean follow‐up 18.3 years). We observed that 8 proteins were significantly associated with incident AF after adjusting for age, sex, technical covariates, and correction for multiple testing (
P
<0.05/1373=3.6×10
−5
). After additional adjustments for clinical factors associated with AF, ADAMTS13 and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide remained significantly associated with the risk of incident AF (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.88; and 1.44; 95% CI, 1.22–1.70, respectively;
P
<3.6×10
−5
for both). None of the 8 proteins were encoded by genes at AF‐related genetic loci previously identified by genome‐wide association studies.

Conclusions
We identified 8 proteins associated with risk of incident AF after adjustment for age and sex; 2 proteins were associated with AF after adjustment for AF risk factors. Future studies are needed to replicate our findings, identify whether the markers are mechanistically related to AF development, and whether they are clinically useful for identification of future AF risk.
Description and behaviour of Goniotropis kuntzeni larvae (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Paussinae: Ozaenini) and a key to genera of Paussinae larvae
Authors: MOORE WENDY , GIULIO ANDREA DI 
Published: March 2019

Goniotropis species are large, parallel-sided paussine beetles common in the New World tropics and ranging from southern Arizona to northern Argentina. Specimens of Goniotropis kuntzeni Bänninger were collected in southern Arizona and larvae were reared under laboratory conditions. The egg, first instar larva and second instar larva are described and illustrated, providing the first larval description for this genus. Goniotropis larvae live in burrows that they construct and seal with their terminal disk (which is composed of modified urogomphi and dorsal plates). They feed by trapping live insect prey with the moveable components of their terminal disk, and then they bring the captured prey into their gallery to consume. Burrowing and feeding behaviours of Goniotropis kuntzeni larva closely resemble those previously described for Pachyteles species. A key to the genera of paussine larvae is provided.
The first five years of Zootaxa
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: March 2019

Zootaxa was founded in 2001 as a new print and online journal of systematic zoology. It was designed to help systematic zoologists to rapidly document and analyze world’s zoological diversity, which includes many undescribed species now threatened by the rapid loss of habitats. Overcoming the ‘taxonomic impediment’ by helping taxonomists to rapidly document world’s undescribed animals is Zootaxa’s main mission.
Mental Health Services in Childhood: The Role of Family Adversity
Authors: Alcalá Héctor E. , Balkrishnan Rajesh 
Published: March 2019

Objective: Much of the research on the effects of childhood adversity on mental health has focused on adults. The objective of our study was to examine the individual and cumulative effect of childhood adversity on mental health service use among children. Methods: We used data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (n = 79 834) to determine the use of mental health services in the past 12 months among children aged 2-17. The independent variables of interest were experiencing any 1 of 9 adverse family experiences (AFEs). We used logistic regression models to determine if each AFE was associated with mental health service use. We also examined AFEs as a continuous measure, representing the number of AFEs (ranging from 0 to 9) that summed them individually, and we examined age-by-AFE and age-by-need interaction terms. We adjusted all models for confounders. Results: Compared with not experiencing an AFE, experiencing all AFEs was associated with higher odds of mental health service use. Neighborhood violence was associated with the greatest increase in odds of mental health service use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00-2.77). When measured as a continuous scale, each additional AFE was associated with higher odds of mental health service use (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28-1.37). The effect of AFEs on mental health service use decreased with age. Conclusions: The observed association between AFEs and use of mental health services may be attributable to more severe or poorly managed mental illness among these children. Efforts are needed to increase access to and quality of mental health care among children affected by AFEs.
A 3D quantitative imaging biomarker in pre-treatment MRI predicts overall survival after stereotactic radiation therapy of patients with a singular brain metastasis
Authors: Della Seta Marta , Collettini Federico , Chapiro Julius , Angelidis Alexander , Engeling Fidelis , Hamm Bernd , Kaul David 
Published: March 2019

Background Brain metastases (BM) are the most frequent intracranial malignant tumor. Various prognostic factors facilitate the prediction of survival; however, few have become tools for clinical use. Purpose To investigate the role of three-dimensional (3D) quantitative tissue enhancement in pre-treatment cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a radiomic biomarker for survival (OS) in patients with singular BM treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). Material and Methods In this retrospective study, 48 patients (27 non-small cell lung cancer and 21 melanoma) with singular BM treated with SRT, were analyzed. Contrast-enhanced MRI scans of the neurocranium were used for quantitative image analyses. Segmentation-based 3D quantification was performed to measure the enhancing tumor volume. A cut-off value of 68.61% of enhancing volume was used to stratify the cohort into two groups (≤68.61% and > 68.61%). Univariable and multivariable cox regressions were used to analyze the prognostic factors of OS and intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS). Results The level of enhancing tumor volume achieved statistical significance in univariable and multivariable analysis for OS (univariable: P = 0.005, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.375, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.168–0.744; multivariable: P = 0.006, HR = 0.376, 95% CI = 0.186–0.757). Patients with high-level enhancement (>68.61% enhancing lesion volume) survived significantly longer (4.9 vs. 10.2 months) and showed significantly longer iPFS rates (univariable: P < 0.001, HR = 0.046, 95% CI = 0.009–0.245). Conclusions Patients with lesions that show a higher percentage of enhancement in pre-treatment MRI demonstrated improved iPFS and OS compared to those with mainly hypo-enhancing lesions. Lesion enhancement may be a radiomic marker, useful in prognostic indices for survival prediction, in patients with singular BM.
Astragaloside IV promotes the eNOS/NO/cGMP pathway and improves left ventricular diastolic function in rats with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lin Xin , Wang Qiongying , Sun Shougang , Xu Guangli , Wu Qiang , Qi Miaomiao , Bai Feng , Yu Jing 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This study aimed to explore the effects of astragaloside IV on metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fructose/high-fat diet in rats. Methods Rats were randomized into four groups: normal control, metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome + intraperitoneal astragaloside 0.5 mg/kg/day, and metabolic syndrome + intraperitoneal astragaloside 2.0 mg/kg/day (n=30 per group) for 14 continuous days. Left ventricular functions were evaluated by hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters. Results Metabolic syndrome rats had a thicker interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall, accompanied by a higher E/A wave ratio, reduced E′ wave, increased A′ wave, decreased E′/A′ wave ratio, and higher E/E′ wave ratio. Astragaloside decreased insulin and triglyceride levels and improved diastolic dysfunction with no effects on systolic function. A high-fructose/high-fat diet also increased oxidative stress and decreased the myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) dimer ratio, thus impairing nitric oxide (NO) production and reducing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production. Astragaloside increased NO and cGMP production in the myocardium and improved diastolic function. Conclusions Astragaloside alleviated oxidative stress and restored NO signaling, thus improving myocardial left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in rats with metabolic syndrome. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with alleviation of oxidative stress and activation of the endothelial NOS/NO/cGMP pathway.
A Note on Pricing With Market Power: Third-Degree Price Discrimination With Quality-Differentiated Demand
Authors: Adams Charles F. 
Published: March 2019

The article points up limitations in the standard undergraduate treatment of third-degree price discrimination by monopolists. While such treatments allude to qualitative distinctions between higher and lower priced alternatives, failure to capture those distinctions in underlying cost and demand structures results in only partial and possibly misleading conclusions about the nature and consequences of such discrimination. Deriving quality-differentiated linear demand and cost structures from the constructs underlying undergraduate microeconomics, the article compares the standard analysis of price discrimination with one that explicitly accounts for quality choices and monopoly power in manipulating those choices. The analysis illustrates the potential for substantially greater monopoly profits and greater efficiency losses by forcing some groups of consumers into suboptimal quality choices once quality variations are explicitly accounted for. JEL Classifications: A1, A22, D11, D21, D42