bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of in vivo bond strength studies of the orthodontic bracket-adhesive system: A systematic review
Authors: Ahmed Tamzid , Rahman Norma Ab , Alam Mohammad Khursheed 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to systematically review the available studies measuring the bond strength of orthodontic bracket-adhesive system under different experimental conditions in vivo. Literature search was performed in four different databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus using the keywords – bond strength, orthodontic brackets, bracket-adhesive, and in vivo. A total of six full-text articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of our study after a careful assessment by the two independent reviewers. Data selection was performed by following PRISMA 2009 guidelines. Five of the selected studies were clinical trials; one study was a randomized clinical trial. From each of the selected articles, the following data were extracted – number of samples, with the type of tooth involved materials under experiment methods of measurement, the time interval between bonding and debonding orthodontic brackets, mode of force application, and the bond strength results with the overall outcome. The methodological quality assessment of each article was done by the modified Downs and Black checklist method. The qualitative analyses were done by two independent reviewers. Conflicting issues were resolved in a consensus meeting by consulting the third reviewer (MKA). Meta-analysis could not be performed due to the lack of homogenous study results. The review reached no real conclusion apart from the lack of efforts to clinically evaluate the bonding efficiency of a wide range of orthodontic bracket-adhesive systems in terms of debonding force compared to laboratory-based in vitro and ex vivo studies.
Magnification in endodontics: A review of its application and acceptance among dental practitioners
Authors: Low Jun Fay , Dom Tuti Ningseh Mohd , Baharin Safura Anita 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe application of magnification devices in endodontics is mainly meant for visual enhancement and improved ergonomics. This is crucial especially when long hours are spent in a narrow operating space to treat obscure microanatomy. Nevertheless, application of magnification in endodontics has yet to be introduced into the mainstream practice due to various influences in behavioral patterns. By conducting an extensive literature search in the PubMed database, this narrative review paper depicts the present state of magnification devices, their applications within the endodontic practice, factors that influence their usage, the advantages, and shortcomings, as well as the significances of magnification in the field of endodontics. This review paper will encourage clinicians to employ magnification in their practice for improved outcome.
In vitro effect of diode laser against biofilm of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Tantivitayakul Ponpen , Rassameemasmaung Supanee , Thapanabhiboonsuk Sununtha 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The main objective is to investigate the antibacterial effect of diode laser against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. Materials and Methods: Biofilms of A. actinomycetemcomitans plus Streptococcus sanguinis grown on bovine root surfaces were treated with an 810-nm diode laser using a noncontact pulsed mode with a pulse interval and pulse length of 20 ms. Four protocols, that is, one episode of 1.5 or 2.5 W for 30 s and three episodes of 1.5 or 2.5 W for 30 s were tested. No treatment and 0.2% chlorhexidine treatment served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Viable bacterial number was determined by colony counting. Results: Treatment with chlorhexidine and all laser protocols except that using single episode of 1.5 W reduced the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans in either single-species or dual-species biofilm compared to negative control. A higher percentage of A. actinomycetemcomitans reduction was demonstrated after increasing the power output or repeating the irradiation. Conclusions: The laser protocols used in this study could reduce the number of viable bacteria but not eradicate A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm.
History and application of artificial neural networks in dentistry
Authors: Park Wook Joo , Park Jun-Beom 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) is a commonly used term in daily life, and there are now two subconcepts that divide the entire range of meanings currently encompassed by the term. The coexistence of the concepts of strong and weak AI can be seen as a result of the recognition of the limits of mathematical and engineering concepts that have dominated the definition. This presentation reviewed the concept, history, and the current application of AI in daily life. Applications of AI are becoming a reality that is commonplace in all areas of modern human life. Efforts to develop robots controlled by AI have been continuously carried out to maximize human convenience. AI has also been applied in the medical decision-making process, and these AI systems can help nonspecialists to obtain expert-level information. Artificial neural networks are highly interconnected networks of computer processors inspired by biological nervous systems. These systems may help connect dental professionals all over the world. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. This presentation reviewed the history of artificial neural networks in the medical and dental fields, as well as current application in dentistry. As the use of AI in the entire medical field increases, the role of AI in dentistry will be greatly expanded. Currently, the use of AI is rapidly advancing beyond text-based, image-based dental practice. In addition to diagnosis of visually confirmed dental caries and impacted teeth, studies applying machine learning based on artificial neural networks to dental treatment through analysis of dental magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and cephalometric radiography are actively underway, and some visible results are emerging at a rapid pace for commercialization.
Usefulness of measuring radiographic density of axis vertebra in patients at risk of osteoporosis: A cone-beam computed tomography study
Authors: Alkhader Mustafa , Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Khader Yousef 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: Using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, the aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring radiographic density of the axis vertebra (RDAV) in patients at risk of osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-seven old patients (109 males and 138 females) aged between 50 and 80 years (mean age: 59.68 ± 7.27) were examined by CBCT. Using InVivoDental, v. 5.0 (Anatomage Inc., San Jose, CA), RDAV and mental index (MI) were measured twice and correlated using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Patients were divided into two categories: high risk and low risk of osteoporosis using 3.1 mm of MI as a cutoff value, and the mean value of RDAV was compared and correlated using independent samples' t-test and regression analysis. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also used to examine the predictive power of RDAV. Results: The mean value of RDAV was moderately correlated with MI (r = 0.32), and in patients at low risk of osteoporosis, the mean value of RDAV was significantly higher than in patients at high risk of osteoporosis. In multivariate binary logistic regression, the odds of being at risk of osteoporosis decreased by 1% with one unit increase in RDAV (odds ratio = 0.988, 95% confidence interval: 0.983–0.993; P < 0.005). ROC analysis showed that the mean value of RDAV had a high predictive power for predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis (area under the curve = 0.761 for females and 0.649 for males). Conclusions: Measuring RDAV is considered useful in predicting patients at risk of osteoporosis.
Cytotoxicity evaluation of a new ozonized olive oil
Authors: Colombo Marco , Ceci Matteo , Felisa Eleonora , Poggio Claudio , Pietrocola Giampiero 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: The cytocompatibility of a new ozonized olive oil toward immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was evaluated and compared with two common antimicrobial agents based on chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Materials and Methods: The cytocompatibility of the samples was tested on immortalized HGF-1 cells by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cells were incubated for 2 or 24 h with increasing dilution of ozonized olive oil or CHX agents. The percentage of viable cells was calculated relative to control cells set to 100%. Results: The ozonized olive oil is cytocompatible, and the viability values of the cells treated for 2 or 24 h with increasing concentrations of ozonized olive oil were significantly higher (P < 0.01) compared with the values obtained using CHX. Conclusions: The present data demonstrate that due to its cytocompatibility, the new ozonized olive oil could be considered an alternative antibacterial agent.
Aproximación etnográfica a la construcción de las identidades femeninas y masculinas en Educación Primaria
Authors: Sanchez Alvarez Iriana 
Published: October 2018

En la etapa de educación primaria los niños y las niñas aprenden a ser socialmente identificables como niño o niña, comenzando a construir su identidad de género. Desde esta perspectiva, el artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación etnográfica que se realizó en un centro de educación primaria del Principado de Asturias para conocer el proceso de construcción de las identidades femeninas y masculinas. Además de la observación participante realizada a lo largo de un curso académico en 5º y 6º de primaria, también se realizaron grupos de discusión con un total de 28 niños y niñas. Los resultados han permitido concluir que los niños y las niñas van conformando su identidad de género a través de las influencias de compañeros/as, maestras/os y las diferentes actividades, métodos y materiales utilizados en el contexto escolar. Asimismo hemos concluido que, en general, unos y otras se acomodan al rol de género hegemónico socialmente establecido, esperando encajar entre sus iguales y agradar a los adultos que les rodean. No obstante, también hay estudiantes que transgreden las normas de género lo que provoca que tengan dificultades en los procesos de interacción social con sus iguales, especialmente los chicos cuyo se asocia a la homosexualidad. Ante esta realidad, consideramos necesario el trabajo de género en la escuela, de forma holistic, desde las primeras edades para deconstruir la categoría género (Connell, 1996, 2000) dado que los centros escolares constituyen espacios centrales para el desarrollo de un discurso contrahegemónico.
Análisis de la propia actividad en el Practicum: una experiencia formativa
Authors: Plazaola Giger Itziar , Ruiz Bikandi Uri , Iriondo Itziar 
Published: October 2018

Esta investigación es parte del proyecto de la red Hiprest de formación e investigación en la enseñanza de lenguas. Su programa de investigación, basado en las teorías de la actividad, analiza la experiencia del estudiante-profesor durante el Practicum, con una doble finalidad: impulsar la formación del futuro docente al tiempo que se investiga sobre el proceso formativo generado por el dispositivo. Siguiendo una metodología de formación-investigación innovadora basada en la video-formación, se han analizado tres grabaciones de aula y otras tantas entrevistas de autoconfrontación de cada estudiante con una formadora-investigadora. En ellas, las futuras profesoras observan y analizan su propia acción docente desde el "exterior", lo que suscita la figuración de aspectos, actitudes y técnicas que permitirían mejorar su actividad en situaciones de enseñanzas similares. La investigación pone en evidencia fenómenos que caracterizan el proceso formativo, tales como la inmersión analítica y la tipicación virtual. Su conocimiento permitirá definir nuevos contenidos de formación destinados de manera específica a la mejora de la práctica docente, al desarrollo profesional del novel
La alteridad como respuesta educativa frente a la exclusión social
Authors: Mínguez Vallejos Ramón , Romero Sánchez Eduardo , Gutiérrez Sánchez Marta 
Published: October 2018

La exclusión es una de las categorías sociológicas que mejor describen nuestro tiempo y la crisis económica en la que estamos inmersos está dando buena cuenta de ello. Si no se abordan seriamente problemas como el fracaso y el abandono escolar la exclusión educativa terminará siendo sinónimo de pobreza y de exclusión social. Esta idea forma parte de las preocupaciones de instituciones y organismos en materia de política educativa tanto en el ámbito nacional como internacional. Pero las soluciones a estos retos y amenazas que acechan a la educación y a la sociedad en su conjunto requieren nuevos planteamientos que aborden esta problemática de manera más rigurosa. Es indispensable pensar la educación desde presupuestos radicalmente diferentes que hagan posible que el escenario escolar deje de ser un espacio productor de desigualdad. Con el objetivo de avanzar hacia una sociedad menos discriminatoria y excluyente, los autores de este artículo parten de la ética levinasiana y proponen un modelo centrado en la alteridad pedagógica. Una ética de la compasión y de la responsabilidad que se materializa en la recuperación de las “víctimas”, en este caso los excluidos o descartados. Educar para la inclusión y la igualdad implica necesariamente responder del otro como alguien concreto, vulnerable y necesitado. Desde esta nueva perspectiva, la dimensión ética de la educación se ve reflejada en un estilo de vida guiado por los valores morales dentro y fuera de las aulas.
Fadiga pré-operatória em pacientes com câncer: prevalência e fatores associados
Authors: Oliveira Murielly Marques de , Mota Dálete Delalibera Corrêa de Faria , Souza-Talarico Juliana Nery de 
Published: October 2018

Este estudo objetivou descrever a prevalência de fadiga e identificar os fatores associados à fadiga em pacientes no pré-operatório de cirurgia oncológica. Pesquisa transversal, desenvolvida com 117 pacientes com câncer em pré-operatório (idade média= 51,2 anos; 76,9% mulheres; 65,8% viviam com companheiro; 70,9% não realizaram tratamento prévio para câncer). Instrumentos utilizados foram Escala de Fadiga de Piper – Revisada; Escala de Estresse Percebido; Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão; Escala Numérica de Dor; Escala Numérica de Sono e Escala de Karnofsky (KPS). Realizou-se teste de qui-quadrado, teste t-Student, ANOVA oneway. Constatamos que aprevalência da fadiga pré-operatória foi de 25,6% e a intensidade foi moderada/intensa. A dimensão afetiva de fadiga apresentou escore mais alto comparado às dimensões comportamental e sensorial/psicológica. Ansiedade, depressão, estresse, dor, sono e performance status se associaram à fadiga pré-operatória.
CONSTRUCTAL DESIGN APPLIED TO THE STUDY OF CAVITIES INTO A SOLID CONDUCTING WALL
Authors: Rocha L. A. O. , Montanari G. C. , Dos Santos E. D. , Rocha A. Da S. 
Published: October 2018

This paper relies on the Constructal Design to optimize the geometry of a cavity that penetrates into a solid conducting wall. The objective is to minimize the global thermal resistance between the solid and the cavity. There is uniform heat generation on the solid wall. We studied three shapes of the cavity: rectangular, triangular, and elliptical. The total volume and the cavity volume are fixed with variable aspect ratios. The cavity shape is optimal when it penetrates the conducting wall completely. The rectangular cavity performs better than the elliptical and triangular ones. On the other side, the elliptical cavity has better performance than the triangular one. We also optimized a first construct, i.e., a cavity shaped as T. The performance of the T-shaped cavity is superior to that of the rectangular cavity optimized in the first part of the paper.
MODELING AND PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF INVERTED INTERMITTENT GAS LIFT
Authors: Bordalo S. N. , Carvalho Filho C. O. 
Published: October 2018

The Intermittent Gas Lift (IGL) is an artificial lift method for petroleum production suitable for producing wells from depleted or low productivity reservoirs. In order to enhance the well production, many variants of the conventional IGL have been developed and used worldwide. One of these variants, the Inverted IGL (IGL-I), consists of removing the gas lift valve and reversing the flow paths inside the well: gas is injected through the tubing whereas liquid is lifted through the casing annulus. The oil production is believed to increase with the IGL-I due to the larger annulus storage capacity, at the expense of higher injected gas volumes. Despite of its potential for practical applications, the IGL-I has not been covered by the literature. Aiming to surmount such gap in the literature, this paper presents a model for the dynamical behavior of the IGL-I wells. The complexity emerged from the IGL-I cyclic operation is assessed through a simultaneous and coupled simulation scheme, comprising a variable set of non-linear algebraic equations and non-linear time-differential equations for the flow of oil and gas throughout the injection, transfer, elevation, production, decompression and loading stages of each cycle. The simulator provides the engineer with a valuable tool to investigate the well behavior of several IGL cycles. Based on the observed results, the designer may propose practical recommendations regarding the IGL-I design and operation.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS FROM A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR
Authors: Marchi Neto I. , Oliveira S. D. R. , Padilha A. , Scalon V. L. 
Published: October 2018

The extreme necessity to diversify the sources of renewable energy motivates the search for methods of recycling of thermal energy losses of equipments. Thus, these energy losses can be used as a new source of energy for water heating and storage in a Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank (DHWST). Therefore, an experimental apparatus is proposed with a cylindrical tank for liquid storage. The main objective of this experimental test is the estimation of the coefficient of comprehensive energy performance (COP) relative to the system and the analysis of the hot water storage through the stratification technique. The storage and use of this form of energy utilizes a shell and tube heat exchanger, whose function is to condensate the cooling liquid using water in countercurrent, which substitutes the refrigerator finned condenser. Thermal energy losses are collected by the thermosiphon principle, and stored as sensible heat in the tank. The results showed the full operation of the modified refrigeration system as well as the storage of hot water at satisfactory thermal levels for domestic use, since this is a commercially manufactured refrigerator.
Orthopaedic Resident Use of an Electronic Medical Record Template Does Not Improve Documentation for Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Urchek Ryan J. , Morscher Melanie A. , Steiner Richard P. , Adamczyk Mark J. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are associated with a high incidence of nerve injury. Therefore, it is imperative that documentation be complete and accurate. This investigation compares orthopaedic resident history and physical (H&P) documentation of pediatric supracondylar fractures for completeness and accuracy with and without the use of an electronic medical record template.

Methods:
The electronic medical record H&P documentation of 119 supracondylar humerus fractures surgically treated at a single pediatric institution was retrospectively reviewed. Templated and nontemplated groups were compared for documentation completeness and accuracy. Definitive diagnosis of a nerve palsy was made by a supervising orthopaedic attending surgeon.

Results:
Forty-two cases had a templated H&P and 77 did not. The H&P documentation in the templated group was markedly more complete than that in the nontemplated group. However, the accuracy of the H&P documentation to identify nerve palsy was not statistically different between the two groups. Overall, the voluntary use of the orthopaedic template declined over time.

Conclusion:
Resident use of an orthopaedic template for documenting the H&P of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures compared with nontemplated notes resulted in more complete documentation but only comparable accuracy.

Level of Evidence:
III
Inhospital Complications of Patients With Neuromuscular Disorders Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Cichos Kyle H. , Lehtonen Eva J. , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. , Ghanem Elie S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Orthopaedic surgeons are wary of patients with neuromuscular (NM) diseases as a result of perceived poor outcomes and lack of data regarding complication risks. We determined the prevalence of patients with NM disease undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) and characterized its relationship with in-hospital complications, prolonged length of stay, and total charges.

Methods:
Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2014 was used for this retrospective cohort study to identify 8,028,435 discharges with total joint arthroplasty. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify 91,420 patients who had discharge diagnoses for any of the NM disorders of interest: Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, cerebrovascular disease resulting in lower extremity paralysis, myotonic dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, myositis (dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and inclusion-body myositis), spinal muscular atrophy type III, poliomyelitis, spinal cord injury, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between NM disease and perioperative outcomes, including inpatient adverse events, length of stay, mortality, and hospital charges adjusted for demographic, hospital, and clinical characteristics.

Results:
NM patients undergoing TJA had increased odds of total surgical complications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.25; P < 0.0001), medical complications (OR = 1.41; 95% CI, 1.36 to 1.46; P < 0.0001), and overall complications (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.36; P < 0.0001) compared with non-NM patients. Specifically, NM patients had increased odds of prosthetic complications (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.42; P = 0.003), wound dehiscence (OR = 5.00; 95% CI, 1.57 to 15.94; P = 0.0002), acute postoperative anemia (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.24; P < 0.0001), altered mental status (OR = 2.59; 95% CI, 2.24 to 2.99; P < 0.0001), urinary tract infection (OR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.34 to 1.56; P < 0.0001), and deep vein thrombosis (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.58; P = 0.021). No difference of in-hospital mortality was observed (P = 0.155).

Discussion:
Because more patients with NM disease become candidates of TJA, a team of neurologists, anesthesiologists, therapists, and orthopaedic surgeon is required to anticipate, prevent, and manage potential complications identified in this study.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective cohort study