bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of herpes viruses on antenatal programming of children's health
Authors: Lityaevа L. A. , Kovaleva O. V. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: to assess the effect of viruses of herpes family in pregnant women on the health of children in the first half of their lives.A clinical and laboratory observation of 33 mother-child pairs was conducted. Of these, 25 women were from the risk group for intrauterine infection and 8 women were with a physiological course of pregnancy. The quantitative content of herpes virus markers was studied by their effect on cholesterol metabolism and symbiotic microbiota was studied by the quantitative content of long chain fatty acids and fatty aldehydes, phospholipids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in all women at 34-37 weeks of gestation and their infants.It was revealed that pregnant women of “risk group” increased the quantitative content of herpes virus markers with the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1,2 types and its associations with cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).A correlation was found between the degree of increase in markers of HSV, EBV, and CMV with that of the bacterial load of the intestine by conditionally pathogenic representatives and the deficiency of priority genera of the intestinal microbiota in mothers and the same indicators in their children.An increase in the quantitative content of herpes viruses, exceeding the norm by more than 2 times, is interconnected with the pathological course of pregnancy and the violation of the microecological status of pregnant women, which predicts the realization of somatic and infectious pathology in children in the first half of life.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TRIKAYA PARISUDHA BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP SIKAP SOSIAL DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Pasek I Gede Sadhu Satwika , Sudarma I Komang , Astawan I Gede 
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: 1) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS 2) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial, dan 3) pengaruh model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan desain nonequivalent posttest only control group. Jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas IV SD di Gugus IV Kecamatan Susut yang terdiri dari 6 kelas dengan jumlah 115 siswa. Selanjutnya ditentukan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling dan didapatkan 2 sekolah dengan jumlah 45 siswa yang terdiri dari SD Negeri 3 Abuan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dengan jumlah 26 siswa dan SD Negeri 2 Susut sebagai kelompok kontrol dengan jumlah 19 siswa. Data sikap sosial siswa dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner dan data hasil belajar IPS dikumpulkan menggunakan tes pilihan ganda. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan Manova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) secara simultan, terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS. 2) terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap sikap sosial, dan 3) terdapat perbedaan model pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah terhadap hasil belajar IPS. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa moel pembelajaran Trikaya Parisudha berbasis masalah berpengaruh positif terhadap sikap sosial dan hasil belajar IPS. Kata-kata kunci: pembelajaran berbasis masalah, trikaya parisudha, sikap sosial, hasil belajar IPS
Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin İngilizce kelime öğrenmeleri ve materyal motivasyonları üzerine: Cep telefonu destekli videolar
Authors: ANLAMIŞ Zeynep , AKAY Cenk 
Published: October 2019

Bu araştırmada,
ortaöğretim öğrencileri tarafından cep telefonuyla çekilen kelime sunum
videolarının öğrencilerin kelime öğrenme başarıları ve materyal motivasyonları
üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma yarı deneysel desende
yürütülmüş ve araştırma grubunu 2017- 2018 eğitim öğretim yılında bir Anadolu
Lisesinde öğrenim gören toplam 60 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Deneysel süreç 8 hafta
sürmüştür. Veri toplama araçları olarak,
araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen kelime testi ve açık uçlu sorular formu
ile başka araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiş Öğretim Materyalleri
Motivasyon Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar deney ve kontrol grubunun kelime
öğrenme akademik başarıları arasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı bir farklılığın
olduğunu ancak materyal kullanımlarına yönelik motivasyonları arasında anlamlı
bir farklılığın olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca deney grubu öğrencileri cep
telefonu destekli video kullanımına yönelik olumlu görüşler bildirmişlerdir.
The Influence of Different Levels of Data Detail on Land use Change Analyses: A Case Study of Franciscan Cadastre for a Part of the Pannonian Hills, Slovenia
Authors: Deriaz Jennifer , Ciglič Rok , Ferk Mateja , Loczy Dénes 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In several European countries, land use changes can be analysed on the basis of the Franciscan Cadastre. Present land use data is defined on the basis of orthophotos, but the historical data is available only at a parcel level. Therefore, a question arose as to how reliable results about land use changes can be. The main aim of the paper was to analyse land use dynamics with the Franciscan Cadastre and to test the compatibility of detailed and parcel level of modern data. The study was carried out by calculating land use structure and landscape metrics for a part of the Pannonian low-hills area in Slovenia. We have observed that the calculation of the land use type structure mostly provided similar results regardless of the level of detail. On the other hand, the results of landscape metrics analysis were highly affected by the level of detail. The analysis at the parcel level showed that the forest area expanded, and fields and vineyards areas diminished. In general, today’s landscape is made of less patches, but they are larger and of more irregular shapes. We can conclude that a comparison of modern data and historical data based on Franciscan Cadastre must include generalisation to a parcel level.
Depopulation Processes in European Rural Areas: A Case Study of Cantabria (Spain)
Authors: Viñas Carmen Delgado 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Europe witnessed massive migration away from rural areas throughout the 20th century. Spain was no exception to the rule, albeit with differences in timing and pace, and the population in Cantabria constitutes a paradigmatic case. Here, the rural exodus began early – before the mid-20th century – in some mountainous districts, but reached a peak in the 1960s and continued throughout the following decades. Since the 1990s, population levels in rural municipalities have fallen at a slower rate, while the population of the region as a whole has increased slightly. Disturbingly, the rural population has continued to decline in the early 21st century, in an overall context of almost zero population growth. The demographic trends analyzed here are not only different in time, but also in space. With the partial exception of regional capitals and their neighbouring communities, municipalities in mountain districts have witnessed such a substantial decline in their populations that they have experienced a genuine process of depopulation. This case does not explain the all-similar cases in rural Europe as a whole, but it can help in interpreting other comparable processes in different regions of southern Europe where depopulation reached its maximum in the second half of the 20th century and still continues today.
Harmfulness of xylophagous insects for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) in the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Skrylnik Yuriy , Koshelyaeva Yana , Meshkova Valentyna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the rate of the damage of xylophagous insects for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) stands in the Left Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Evaluation of physiological harmfulness considered a health condition of inhabited trees, features of maturating feeding and pathogens vectoring for the cases of so-called ‘provoked aggressiveness’ and its absence. Evaluation of technical harmfulness considered a location and depth of larval galleries and pupal chambers, colonized sapwood surface, and stem part. Evaluation of general harmfulness considered physiological harmfulness, technical harmfulness and generation number.
Among 22 xylophagous insect species, 4 species were widespread (Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Xylotrechus rusticus (Linnaeus, 1758), Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg, 1837), and Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894)); 3 species were common, 6 species were rare and 9 species were single.
The highest physiological harmfulness is expected for Tremex fuscicornis (Fabricius, 1787) and Tremex magus (Fabricius, 1787), Сhrysobothris affinis (Fabricius, 1774), Agrilus viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Xylotrechus rusticus, and bark beetles. The highest technical harmfulness is expected for wood wasps – Tremex spp., jewel beetles Dicerca furcata (Thunberg, 1787) and Dicerca alni (Fischer von Waldheim, 1824), longhorn beetle Xylotrechus rusticus, and xylomycetophages – Xyleborinus sp.
All widespread species are evaluated by a wide range of physiological harmfulness. Three of them (all except Agrilus viridis) are evaluated by highly technical harmfulness and from moderate to highly general harmfulness. Among the species having a common occurrence, Tremex fuscicornis can be highly harmful only in the case of tree weakening by negative factors, another two species can be non-harmful, and Xiphydria longicollis (Geoffroy, 1785) can be low harmful in the case of tree weakening by negative factors. Among the rare species, Scolytus ratzeburgi Janson, 1856 can be low or moderately harmful and Tremex magus can be low or highly harmful depending on the presence or absence of other negative factors. Among single species, Zeuzera pyrina (Linnaeus, 1761) can be moderately harmful because it colonizes almost healthy trees. The rest three species can be moderately harmful in the case of tree weakening by negative factors.
Thinning effects on stand formation and modifications of a young pine/birch forest: a boreal zone case study
Authors: Nakvasina Elena Nikolaevna , Voevodkina Alexandra Viktorovna , Volkov Alexey Gennadievich , Zakharov Andrey Yurievich , Koptev Sergey Viktorovich , Minin Nicolai Stepanovich 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thinning of young forests attracts the attention of scientists despite the long-term commercial effect. However, these researches are scarce. Therefore, it is important to study experiments with a long history. The aim of our study is to investigate the impact of thinning carried out in young pine/birch boreal forests on stand formation, natural regeneration, ground cover and properties of the soil layers in stands.
We investigated three types of thinning in young pine/birch forests. In one plot of the initial stand, thinning was performed in two stages with a time interval of 27 years; in the first stage, thinning intensity was 75% of stems, while in the second stage, thinning intensity was 30%. In two other plots, thinning was performed in one stage at a stand age of 13 years, with thinning intensities of 76 and 84%. At the stand age of 72 years (2017), integrated studies of the silvicultural and ecological states were carried out.
All thinned plots had developed into pure pine stands with 28–53% thicker stems, 12–18% higher trees and a growing stock 55–92% higher compared to the un-thinned reference stand. The most pronounced differences were observed for Option 1. With thinning, forest type changed to red whortleberry type, while the un-thinned reference site developed into a blueberry type forest.
Thinning in young pine/birch stands results in the formation of pure pine stands. The associated modification of environmental properties changed the composition and density of the ground cover and some properties of the upper soil layers. Two-stage thinning had the least impacts; this approach can be used to produce stands with high commercial value. It is especially recommended for young pine/birch forests in the northern taiga.
From Judicial Transplants to Judicial Translations: Constitutional Courts in Southern Africa – A Comparative Review
Authors: Emeziem Cosmas 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The contemporary legal landscape in Southern Africa and its responsiveness to the challenges in the region can be explained in many ways. Part of the explanation has been the idea of legal transplants—which entails borrowing and adapting legal norms, and structures from different legal systems in order to resolve legal problems in the region. The end of apartheid and other rapid changes in the region—political, racial, economic and social—has directly placed the courts on the frontlines of human rights protection especially on socio-economic rights and other overarching concerns of law reform. The adoption of constitutional courts in some of the countries, and consequent judicial activist turn in the jurisprudence of courts in the region generally; has inserted the courts into the mainstream of policy deliberations. Thus, this paper claims that legal transplant per se does not explain the full reality of what is going on in the region—in terms of nomativization, transmission, adoption, and adaptation of legal ideas within the respective systems in the region. It further claims that a mesh of different understandings and approaches to legal comparison and development is more suitable as a method of studying pluralist complex systems as we see in the region. Hence, the notion of judicial translation—the judiciary forming the membrane, purveyor and capillary of legal transmission—as an essential lens through which we can better view and understand the legal evolution in the region. Taking the institution of courts – particularly constitutional courts—and examining their jurisprudence as epitomized in some of their decisions of finality—the work seeks to begin a meaningful deliberation about the role of courts in law, social change, and policy in the region. It is divided into three major parts for ease of discourse. It is hoped that this would be a fitting exordium into the more significant meaning of legal transplant through judicial intervention in otherwise predominantly policy questions in the Southern African region.
The Highest Rate of Public Trust in Judiciary in Twenty Years in Lithuania: Trend or Coincidence?
Authors: Kiršienė Julija , Gruodytė Edita 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Until 2018 public trust in judiciary in Lithuania was more negative than positive. Results of 2018 are exceptional as show the highest rates of trust in 22 years. The aim of this article – to find out if these results are coincidence or indicate increase of public trust in judiciary. To explore this issue this paper will analyze the concept and dynamics of trust in judiciary, possible measures of professionalism and examine how these aspects are reflected in Lithuanian judiciary. Our research reveals two main reasons for the improved trust in the judiciary: good performance including use of technology and greater transparency that provides the public greater access to information about the justice system.
Protection of Right to Environment in International Public Law
Authors: Jankuv Juraj 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Substantive human right to environment represents a relatively new element in international human rights catalogues. This human right has gradually become established in international public law since the 1970s. This paper deals with the identification and analysis of the formal sources of two branches (or, according to some opinions, subbranches) of international public law – international environmental law and the international human rights law that enshrine substantive human right to environment as well as with the identification of the relevant international law mechanisms of direct and indirect protection of this right.
Judicial Approaches to Political Questions: A Comparative Study of the United States and South Korea
Authors: Song Doori 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The United States Supreme Court (USSC) and the Constitutional Court of Korea (CCK) have adopted sharply different positions regarding the justiciability of “political questions.” On one hand, the USSC has generally refrained from adjudicating political questions, as shown in Nixon v. United States, Terlinden v. Ames, and Goldwater v. Carter. On the other hand, the CCK has regularly tried cases concerning political questions, as demonstrated in The Impeachment of the President (Roh Moo-hyun) Case and The Comfort Women Victims Case. The text of the U.S. and South Korean constitutions, their views about the proper role of the judiciary, and prudential factors explain why the USSC and the CCK have taken different approaches towards adjudicating political questions. Furthermore, the experiences of each country provide important lessons for the other: on one hand, the CCK experience has shown how a more active approach towards reviewing political questions can (1) create legal standards that keep government branches accountable in novel situations, (2) help prevent a political branch from acquiring tyrannical rule, and (3) enhance the judiciary’s legitimacy in the public. On the other hand, the USSC experience has demonstrated how a more restrained approach towards reviewing political questions may (1) strengthen the commitment of all branches to the principle of separation of powers (2) enhance the consistency and predictability of judicial decisions, and (3) lead to resolutions of issues by the branch with the most training and expertise.
The spaces and places of Czech believers
Authors: Novotný Gustav 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Geographical aspects of contemporary Czech religiosity are discussed in this paper. The main objective is to understand and approximate the spaces and places of faith which Czech believers inhabit, construct and reconstruct. An original focus on young believers was broadened to include priests, preachers and older members of several churches in Brno city, and the Přerov and Ústí nad Labem regions. Concepts of space and place, sacred spaces, and the imagery of post-mortem spaces are treated within the context of so-called secularisation and related phenomena. The methodology is based on an inductive qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory of Strauss and Corbin. The data are presented, discussed and ordered following the main themes originating from the research, including: (i) spaces of regular activities (related to the faith); (ii) spaces of dissemination and evangelisation of the faith; (iii) personal places linked with faith; and (iv) an introduction to the imagery of post-mortem spaces. The results document a long-term shift in the attitudes of believers, the change from rather public spaces of community gathering to personal places, influenced by specific secularisation tendencies. Also, the results represent the typical places of faith which are constructed and reconstructed by current Czech believers, and the current imagery of post-mortem spaces.
The Role of Crisis Prevention from the Perspective of the Biggest Polish Companies and Public Relations Agencies on the Basis of Expert Research
Authors: Tworzydło Dariusz , Szuba Przemysław 
Published: October 2019

Summary
The article constitutes a presentation of the results of research devoted to the current trends in crisis PR. The authors of the work made an attempt to diagnose crisis prevention in a cross-section of two dimensions. On the one hand the perspective of business (survey of companies) was presented and on the other hand experts’ opinions (survey of the leaders of public relations agencies) were shown. As a result of analyses a point model of an immune system, which takes into consideration the key instruments of crisis methodology (developed procedures in form of communication management book, dedicated anti-crisis structures in an organization, crisis team with a fixed membership and a system of communication trainings) was designed. Diagnosis of prevention measures of the leaders of Polish business — based on the years 2007–2017 showed major deficiencies in the degree of companies’ preparation for the risk of crisis.
E-Marketing Campaign for a University. Case Study
Authors: Tarczydło Beata , Miłoń Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The subject of this work is an e-marketing campaign for a university from theoretical and practical perspective. Starting from a definition of e-marketing and the set of instruments used in e-marketing, the stages of implementation of e-marketing campaigns dedicated to entities from the sector of education will be discussed. Methodology of research for the purposes of the article covered literature studies, meta-analysis of available Internet sources and authors’ own qualitative research with the application of the methods of mystery client and case study. The object of the research is a private university and the subject of research are e-marketing activities, including identified campaigns, conducted for the university. The authors’ goal is to present an e-marketing campaign for a university in theory and practice. The purpose of the article is working out guidelines and recommendations for marketing specialists interested in efficient marketing activities on the Internet for the analyzed entities.
Investigating Process Maturity Modeling as an Advertising Process Improvement Paradigm
Authors: Doss Daniel Adrian , Henley Russ , Hong Qiuqi , Pickett Trey 
Published: October 2019

Summary
This article examined a variant of the Capability Maturity Model integrated (CMMi) through the lens of advertising process improvement. The population and sample were taken from a national array of U.S. marketing organizations. Using ANOVA, a 0.05 significance level, and a stratification of service marketing organizations versus product marketing organizations, the study showed a statistically significant difference (F(1, 304) = 4.03; p = 0.04; ω
2 = 0.00) regarding the hypothesis representing the notion that processes were potentially sporadic, chaotic, and ad hoc. This notion corresponded to the first maturity level of the examined process maturity framework. With respect to the Likert-scale data representing the first maturity level, the successive means analysis showed that both service marketing firms (M = 2.99) and product marketing firms (M = 2.74) reported neutrality regarding whether processes were deemed sporadic, chaotic, and ad hoc. Thus, the respondents perceived no evidence of the first maturity level among the queried work settings. Future studies may examine different stratifications of marketing firms (e.g., for-profit versus non-profit; domestic versus international; and so on) to better explore the proposed advertising maturity model.