bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated Time Series Measurement of Microbial Concentrations in Groundwater‐Derived Water Supplies
Authors: Owens David W. , Hunt Randall J. , Firnstahl Aaron D. , Muldoon Maureen A. , Borchardt Mark A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFecal contamination by human and animal pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoa, is a potential human health hazard, especially with regards to drinking water. Pathogen occurrence in groundwater varies considerably in space and time, which can be difficult to characterize as sampling typically requires hundreds of liters of water to be passed through a filter. Here we describe the design and deployment of an automated sampler suited for hydrogeologically and chemically dynamic groundwater systems. Our design focused on a compact form to facilitate transport and quick deployment to municipal and domestic water supplies. We deployed a sampler to characterize water quality from a household well tapping a shallow fractured dolomite aquifer in northeast Wisconsin. The sampler was deployed from January to April 2017, and monitored temperature, nitrate, chloride, specific conductance, and fluorescent dissolved organic matter on a minute time step; water was directed to sequential microbial filters during three recharge periods that ranged from 5 to 20 days. Results from the automated sampler demonstrate the dynamic nature of the household water quality, especially with regard to microbial targets, which were shown to vary 1 to 2 orders of magnitude during a single sampling event. We believe assessments of pathogen occurrence and concentration, and related assessments of drinking well vulnerability, would be improved by the time‐integrated characterization provided by this sampler.
CYP7A1 expression in hepatocytes is retained with upregulated fibroblast growth factor 19 in pediatric biliary atresia
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Kawai Masanobu , Bessho Kazuhiko , Yasuda Kie , Ueno Takehisa , Satomura Yoshinori , Konishi Akiko , Kimura Takeshi , Ikeda Kayo , Tachibana Makiko , Miyoshi Yoko , Michigami Toshimi , Kondou Hiroki , Ozono Keiichi 
Published: August 2018

AimBile acid biosynthesis is strictly regulated under physiological conditions. The expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 is induced when bile acids bind to the farnesoid X receptor in the intestinal epithelium. Fibroblast growth factor 19 is then transported by the portal flow, causing transcriptional inhibition of cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP7A1), a key enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, through the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these signaling pathways in hepatocytes under chronic cholestasis remain unclear. We investigated the regulation of these signaling pathways in patients with biliary atresia (BA).MethodsWe analyzed the regulation of molecules in these signaling pathways using liver and serum samples from eight BA children and four non‐cholestatic disease controls.ResultsCYP7A1 mRNA expression was not inhibited in BA microdissected hepatocyte‐enriched tissue (HET) despite high serum bile acid concentrations. The FGF19 protein was synthesized in BA HET, and its serum concentration was elevated. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 was phosphorylated in BA livers. However, ERK phosphorylation was significantly reduced. We examined SPRY2 expression to determine how the ERK pathway was inactivated downstream of the FGF receptor; the expression was significantly increased in BA HET.ConclusionsThis is the first study to measure the CYP7A1 mRNA levels in human BA HET. Fibroblast growth factor 19 was increased in BA hepatocytes. By focusing on its regulation in hepatocytes, we showed that the FGF19 pathway did not suppress bile acid synthesis, probably due to an altered mechanism involving upregulated SPRY2 in BA patients.
2BIC: taking your adventuring gear to organise pop‐up health information literacy sessions
Authors: Vandendriessche Thomas , Michels Marleen , Stoop Linda , Vissenaekens Natasja , Discart Inge 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcademic libraries play an important role in the provision of health information literacy (IL) skills and there are many approaches to how these can be delivered. In this paper, guest writers Inge Discart and colleagues fromKULeuven Libraries 2Bergen Information Centre (2BIC) in Belgium discuss a pop‐up information literacy skills project. In particular, the article presents the findings from an initial information skills needs assessment conducted at the University, followed by how the concept of the pop‐up sessions was developed and promoted throughout the organisation. The paper identifies the variety of sessions offered and the format in which they were delivered, with final results on how these were received and which sessions were the most popular. This article provides insight into an alternative approach to health information skills delivery and the outcomes from it.H S
Maintaining your momentum
Authors: Grant Maria J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAfter the excitement of this summer's Health Libraries Group conference, it is important to maintain that sense of momentum and enthusiasm that being with like‐minded library and information workers can bring. #HLG2018 certainly presented plenty of opportunities for collaboration and the enthusiasm to put ideas into action. The launch of CILIP's Health Hub, bringing together content and resources co‐produced with CILIP members, together with additional categories specifically designed for those working in health to extend CILIP's. Professional Knowledge and Skills Base (PKSB) to that of PKSB for Health means there is every reason and resource available to help maintain your momentum and enthusiasm.
The value of urgent care dermatology
Authors: Sempler Jessica , Thomas Frank , Pettit Jacob , Klein Stephanie Z. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether urgent care dermatology adds value (service + quality/cost) to healthcare.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional chart review of dermatologic patients in three service settings was compared: an urgent care dermatology clinic (same day dermatology [SDD]), the emergency department (ED), and a general dermatology clinic. Study period was July 1–September 30, 2014, for ED and SDD patients and August 2014 for general dermatology patients. ED patients had diagnoses of dermatitis (629.9) or rash (782). Final diagnoses, visit length, and no‐show rates were determined. Cost and charge data for patients seen in SDD versus the ED were provided by the university, without raw data available for publication.ResultsFor matched diagnoses, ED visits were 105 (95% CI: 68.7–152.4, P < 0.001) minutes longer than SDD visits. Compared to SDD, no‐shows in the general dermatology clinic were 2.24 times more likely (95% CI: 1.0003–5.02, P = 0.045). The odds for an SDD patient to be diagnosed with a code that was also seen in the ED was 13.0 (95% CI: 8.0–21.2, P < 0.01) times higher than the odds for the same diagnosis to be given to patients seen in the general dermatology clinic. ED visits cost 25% more than SDD visits. Patient charges for an ED visit are 207% more than for an SDD visit.ConclusionsUrgent care dermatology clinic adds value to the healthcare system by providing quality care and excellent service at low cost. Dermatologists better utilize their skills by seeing acute, often‐serious patients who would have otherwise been seen in the ED.
Pilot study on circulating miRNA signature in children with obesity born small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age
Authors: Marzano F. , Faienza M. F. , Caratozzolo M. F. , Brunetti G. , Chiara M. , Horner D. S. , Annese A. , D'Erchia A. M. , Consiglio A. , Pesole G. , Sbisà E. , Inzaghi E. , Cianfarani S. , Tullo A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundChildren born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk of metabolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) contributes to aberrant gene expression patterns underlying metabolic dysfunction.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine and compare circulating miRNA (c‐miRNA) profile of SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children with obesity and with normal weight, in order to identify biomarkers for early detection of increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunction in SGA and AGA children with obesity.MethodsSmall non‐coding RNAs from serum of 15 SGA children with obesity (OB‐SGA), 10 SGA children with normal weight (NW‐SGA), 17 AGA children with obesity (OB‐AGA) and 12 AGA children with normal weight (NW‐AGA) (mean age 11.2 ± 2.6) have been extracted and sequenced in order to detect and quantify miRNA expression profiles.ResultsRNA‐seq analyses showed 28 miRNAs dysregulated in OB‐SGA vs. NW‐SGA and 19 miRNAs dysregulated in OB‐AGA vs. NW‐AGA. Among these, miR‐92a‐3p, miR‐122‐5p, miR‐423‐5p, miR‐484, miR‐486‐3p and miR‐532‐5p were up regulated, and miR‐181b‐5p was down regulated in both OB‐SGA and OB‐AGA compared with normal weight counterparts. Pathway analysis and miRNA target prediction suggested that these miRNAs were particularly involved in insulin signalling, glucose transport, insulin resistance, cholesterol and lipid metabolism.ConclusionWe identified a specific profile of c‐miRNAs in SGA and AGA children with obesity compared with SGA and AGA children with normal weight. These c‐miRNAs could represent specific biomarkers for early detection of increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunction in SGA and AGA children with obesity.
Outcomes of an early childhood obesity prevention program in a low‐income community: a pilot, randomized trial
Authors: Cloutier M. M. , Wiley J. F. , Kuo C. ‐L. , Cornelius T. , Wang Z. , Gorin A. A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundObesity is a major and worldwide health problem in children.ObjectivesThe Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Program is a multi‐component, randomized, controlled trial of a pilot community‐focused obesity prevention program for mother/newborn dyads.MethodsUnderserved, mother/newborn dyads were recruited to receive a standard home visitation program (Nurturing Families Network, NFN) or an enhanced program (NFN+) that incorporated behavioural change strategies (e.g., goal‐setting, problem‐solving) and focused on six obesity‐associated behaviours (breastfeeding, juice/sugar‐sweetened beverages, solids, infant sleep, TV/screen time and soothability) with linkages to community resources. Weight‐for‐length (WFL) z‐score and maternal diet were secondary outcomes.ResultsFifty‐seven dyads were recruited and 47 fully eligible dyads were enrolled (NFN = 21, NFN+ = 26). Forty‐one (87.2%) were assessed at 6 months and 34 (72.3%) at 12 months. Retention at 12 months was higher for NFN+ dyads (84.6% vs. 56.1%, p = 0.04). NFN+ mothers were more likely to continue breastfeeding at 6 and 12 months vs. NFN mothers (p = 0.03 and 0.003, respectively), and at 12 months, NFN+ infants had fewer nocturnal awakenings (p = 0.04). There were no differences in other primary outcome measures or in WFL z‐score at 6 or 12 months.ConclusionsA multi‐component behavioural intervention increased breastfeeding duration and decreased nocturnal awakenings in infants of low‐income families.
Prevalence of underweight and overweight among young adolescents aged 12–15 years in 58 low‐income and middle‐income countries
Authors: Yang L. , Bovet P. , Ma C. , Zhao M. , Liang Y. , Xi B. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe co‐existence of underweight and overweight is a great challenge for public health in low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs).ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to report the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among young adolescents in 58 LMICs.MethodsData were from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey (2007–2013) in 57 LMICs and from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (2010). A total of 177 325 young adolescents aged 12–15 years from 58 LMICs were included. Weight status was defined based on both the updated International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.ResultsBased on the IOTF/WHO criteria, the overall prevalence of weight categories among young adolescents in LMICs was 13.4%/4.7% for underweight, 15.4%/17.3% for overweight and 5.6%/8.6% for obesity. However, the prevalence varied largely across countries and regions. Based on the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of underweight ranged from 0.0% in Niue to 48.8% in Sri Lanka and obesity ranged from 0.1% in Vanuatu to 35.0% in Niue; a prevalence exceeding 10.0% for both underweight and excess weight (overweight and obesity combined) was found in 29.3% of these countries. Underweight was more prevalent in Southeast Asia and Africa, while obesity was more frequent in Central and South Americas. There were no age and sex differences in the prevalence of weight categories for most countries.ConclusionsOur data confirm the continued dual burden of underweight and overweight in young adolescents in many LMICs and the need for policy and programmes to address both conditions.
Analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster anti‐ovarian response to honey bee queen mandibular pheromone
Authors: Galang K. C. , Croft J. R. , Thompson G. J. , Percival‐Smith A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractQueen mandibular pheromone (QMP) is a potent reproductive signal to which honey bee workers respond by suppressing their ovaries and adopting alloparental roles within the colony. This anti‐ovarian effect of QMP on workers can, surprisingly, be induced in other insects, including fruit flies, in which females exposed to synthetic QMP develop smaller ovaries with fewer eggs. In this study, we use the Drosophila melanogaster model to identify the components of synthetic QMP required for the anti‐ovarian effect. We found that virgin females respond strongly to 9‐oxo‐2‐decenoic acid and 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid (10HDA), suggesting that the decenoic acid components of QMP are essential for the anti‐ovarian response. Further, a nuclear factor of activated T‐cells reporter system revealed neurones expressing the olfactory receptors Or‐56a, Or‐49b and Or‐98a are activated by QMP in the antenna. In addition, we used olfactory receptor GAL4 drivers and a neuronal activator (a neuronal activating bacterial sodium channel) to test whether the candidate neurones are potential labelled lines for a decenoic acid response. We identified Or‐49b as a potential candidate receiver of the 10HDA signal. Finally, the anti‐ovarian response to synthetic QMP is not mediated by decreasing the titre of the reproductive hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone.
On TARP and agency securitization
Authors: Cao‐Alvira José J. , Núñez‐Torres Alexander 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper focuses on the contract terms and performance of agency‐securitized loans purchased by Fannie Mae from US banks under TARP protection. Our results suggest that TARP funds effectively increased the market power and cost competitiveness of the intervened banks, allowing them to offer more aggressive terms at the origination of mortgages that were later securitized. The mortgage loans acquired by the agency from TARP‐protected banks exhibit lower interest rates and lower default rates when compared with those acquired from unprotected banks. Furthermore, TARP banks were able to offer increasingly better loan terms to the safest borrowers—in terms of their FICO scores and debt‐to‐income—which translated into significantly better loan performances. These last results contrast with the literature regarding TARP's effects on more traditional credit markets.
Burnout symptoms in forensic mental health nurses: Results from a longitudinal study
Authors: de Looff Peter , Didden Robert , Embregts Petri , Nijman Henk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBurnout in nursing staff is a major cause for turnover and absenteeism. Identifying risk and protective factors may be helpful in decreasing burnout symptoms. Moreover, research indicates that ambulatory assessments of the autonomic nervous system might be helpful in detecting long‐term stress and burnout symptoms. One hundred and ten forensic nursing staff members completed questionnaires measuring experiences with aggressive behaviour, emotional intelligence, personality, and job stress during four waves of data collection across a 2‐year period. Multilevel analyses were used to test the predicted associations and moderation effects with (the development of) burnout symptoms. Burnout was predicted by a combination of emotional intelligence, job stress, aggression, personality factors, and skin conductance, but no moderation effects over time were found. Over a period of 2 years, the model approximately predicts a change in one burnout category on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The amount of burnout symptoms in nurses might be used as an indicator to predict turnover and absenteeism considering the increase in symptoms over time. Nursing staff who experience severe aggression and who have relatively low levels of emotional intelligence and altruism and high levels of neuroticism and job stress should be monitored and supported to decrease the risk of burnout. Staff members can be trained to increase their emotional intelligence and relieve stress to decrease their burnout symptoms and turnover and absenteeism on the long term. Ambulatory assessment might be helpful as a nonintrusive way to detect increasing levels of burnout.
Gradient refractive index structure of phosphor‐in‐glass coating for packaging of white LEDs
Authors: Xu Xujia , Li Hong , Zhuo Yong , Xiong Dehua , Chen Mingxiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA gradient refractive index (GRIN) structure, with a gradual increase in the refractive index from the glass substrate, was successfully obtained by multilayer screen printing for white light‐emitting diodes (w‐LEDs) packaging. Each phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) coating consisted of B2O3–SiO2–ZnO glass matrix and yellow phosphor. The gradually increased refractive index (1.62, 1.72, and 1.82) of glass matrices were obtained from higher molecular weight of La2O3 and WO3. After sintering at 600°C, no obvious interface was observed and the phosphor particles were mixed thoroughly in the glass matrix. When the phosphor content was 50 wt%, the white‐light emission was obtained. Compared with those based on the nongradient and low‐refractive PiG coating, the luminous efficacy of w‐LEDs constructed by the PiG coating with GRIN was enhanced. It shows that the GRIN structure is beneficial to improve the luminous efficacy of w‐LEDs.
Early childhood behavioral features that discriminate autism from other developmental problems in Japan
Authors: Okuno Midori , Uehara Toru 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProblemThe criteria for early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its discrimination from other developmental problems (ODP) are not clear. The Social Attention and Communication Study, which identified methods for early identification of ASD in community settings, was modified to the Japanese situation, and we examined its discriminant validity.MethodsThis study followed a cohort of newborns in one town for 4 years. Structured behavioral assessments were added to the standardized health examination and performed five times during toddlerhood. Of the 264 children included in the statistical analysis, four were diagnosed with ASD, and four were diagnosed with ODP.FindingsA canonical discrimination analysis indicated two significant functions. Canonical 1, which involved disturbances of “eye contact” at 27 months and “concept comprehension” at 38 months, characterized both ASD and ODP. Canonical 2, which involved disturbances of “response name call” at 15 months, “showing” at 27 months, and negative loading of vocabulary development at 20 months, discriminated between ASD and ODP. The canonical plot showed good separation, but a few cases were misclassified.ConclusionsEvaluations of early behavioral signs by public health nurses during general toddler examinations could be useful and convenient.
Polarized retinal pigment epithelium generates electrical signals that diminish with age and regulate retinal pathology
Authors: Cao Lin , Liu Jie , Pu Jin , Milne Gillian , Chen Mei , Xu Heping , Shipley Alan , Forrester John V , McCaig Colin D , Lois Noemi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe transepithelial potential difference (TEP) across the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) is dependent on ionic pumps and tight junction “seals” between epithelial cells. RPE cells release neurotrophic growth factors such as pigment epithelial derived factor (PEDF), which is reduced in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). The mechanisms that control the secretion of PEDF from RPE cells are not well understood. Using the CCL2/CX3CR1 double knockout mouse model (DKO), which demonstrates RPE damage and retinal degeneration, we uncovered an interaction between PEDF and the TEP which is likely to play an important role in retinal ageing and in the pathogenesis of AMD. We found that: (a) the expression of ATP1B1 (the Na+/K+‐ATPase β1 subunit) was reduced significantly in RPE from aged mice, in patients with CNV (Choroidal Neovascularization) and in DKO mice; (b) the expression of PEDF also was decreased in aged persons and in DKO mice; (c) the TEP across RPE was reduced markedly in RPE cells from DKO mice and (d) an applied electric field (EF) of 50‐100 mV/mm, used to mimic the natural TEP, increased the expression and secretion of PEDF in primary RPE cells. In conclusion, the TEP across the RPE depends on the expression of ATP1B1 and this regulates the secretion of PEDF by RPE cells and so may regulate the onset of retinal disease. Increasing the expression of PEDF using an applied EF to replenish a disease or age‐reduced TEP may offer a new way of preventing or reversing retinal dysfunction.
Risk factors for episiotomy during vaginal childbirth: A retrospective cohort study in Western China
Authors: Zhang Mengqin , Wang Min , Zhao Xiufang , Ren Jianhua , Xiang Jie , Luo Biru , Yao Jianrong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the incidence rates and risk factors for episiotomy during vaginal childbirth in a Western China context.MethodsA retrospective hospital‐based cohort study was conducted using computerized data of 3721 singleton vaginal deliveries after 28 weeks of gestation. Women who underwent episiotomy were compared with those who did not.ResultsThe overall prevalence of episiotomy was 44.0% (1636/3721); 52.9% (1458/2756) among primiparas and 18.4% (178/965) among multiparas (P < 0.001). Adjusted risk factors significantly associated with episiotomy included primiparity, prolonged second stage of labor, and labor‐management personnel. Risk factors specific to primiparas were increasing maternal age (per year) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07, P = 0.035), increasing biparietal diameter (per centimeter) (OR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.84, P = 0.017), first stage of labor beyond 10‐hour (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.68, P = 0.005), and birth weight (per 100 g) (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09, P < 0.001). Birth weight resulted in an adjusted risk increase of 6.1% among primiparas for every 100 additional grams of birth weight. For the analysis stratified by labor‐management personnel, moderately experienced midwifery was a risk factor of episiotomy (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.56, P = 0.003); midwives with bachelor's degree (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.88, P = 0.002), and obstetricians with doctor's degree (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.39, P = 0.010) were most likely to perform episiotomy.ConclusionEpisiotomy is still commonly performed in Western China. A survey of maternity care professionals’ knowledge of and attitudes towards episiotomy is urgently required to explore the complex reasons for conducting episiotomy.