bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illness severity scoring in status epilepticus—When STESS meets APACHE II, SAPS II, and SOFA
Authors: Semmlack Saskia , Kaplan Peter W. , Spiegel Rainer , De Marchis Gian Marco , Hunziker Sabina , Tisljar Kai , Rüegg Stephan , Marsch Stephan , Sutter Raoul 
Published: December 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo characterize a critically ill cohort with status epilepticus (SE) by the illness severity scoring systems SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II), APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), and SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), and to compare their performance with the STESS (Status Epilepticus Severity Score) for outcome prediction.MethodsThe prospective cohort study was carried out at the University Hospital Basel, a Swiss tertiary academic medical care center. Consecutive adult SE patients hospitalized in the intensive care units from 2011 to 2016 were included. Illness severity scores and additional clinical data were recorded. Logistic regression models using automated variable selection were applied to identify scores associated with no return to functional and neurological baseline and death. Measures of discrimination and calibration were assessed.ResultsAmong 184 patients, 33% returned to baseline. Median scores of the illness severity scores were within the lowest third of the possible scoring ranges, and all differed significantly between patients with and without return to baseline. The areas under the receiver operating curves for the prediction of no return to baseline and death ranged from 0.64 to 0.73, with the highest value for the STESS predicting no return to baseline. Measures of calibration revealed adequate model fit for all analyses. Among integral components of the scoring systems, only the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) differed significantly between patients with and without return to baseline. In multivariable analyses, decreasing GCS and increasing STESS had the strongest associations (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77‐0.93 and OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05‐1.68, respectively) with no return to baseline independent of all other scoring systems, whereas the APACHE II revealed the strongest association with death (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06‐1.25).SignificanceAlthough complex illness severity scoring systems in SE patients facilitate benchmarking and comparisons with other severely ill patient cohorts, they offer no advantages over the STESS and GCS regarding prediction of no return to baseline.
Mechanistic insight into the activity of a sulfone compound dapsone on Propionibacterium (Newly Reclassified as Cutibacterium) Acnes‐mediated cytokine production
Authors: Geyfman Mikhail , Debabov Dmitri , Poloso Neil , Alvandi Nancy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcne remains as the most common skin disease in the United States even despite multiple approved topical and systemic medications available. These treatments available over the counter and by prescription can be classified based on comedolytic, antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activities and are often used in combination. Therefore, understanding of the mechanism of action is critical to achieving the best clinical outcome and synergy. One of the newer acne medications with historical data suggesting both antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory activity is dapsone. In order to gain mechanistic insight into the anti‐inflammatory activity of dapsone in Propionibacterium (a former genus name recently reclassified as “Cutibacterium”) (P. acnes)‐driven inflammation, we used two human in vitro models: primary human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes and human monocytes (THP‐1). We demonstrate that dapsone suppresses production of specific cytokine signatures interleukin (IL)1α and IL8 in human epidermal keratinocytes and IL1β, IL6, IL8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α in THP‐1 cells in response to P. acnes. Using THP‐1 cell in vitro model, we show that IL1β and CASP‐1 are regulated by dapsone independently of NFκB activity at transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels, respectively.
Autofertility and self‐compatibility moderately benefit island colonization of plants
Authors: Razanajatovo Mialy , van Kleunen Mark , Kreft Holger , Dawson Wayne , Essl Franz , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr , Winter Marten , Weigelt Patrick 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimThe current geographical distribution of species largely reflects colonization success after natural long‐distance dispersal or introduction by humans. Plants with selfing ability should have an advantage when establishing on islands where mates and pollinators are limited (Baker’s law). However, high percentages of dioecious and self‐incompatible species have been reported for some islands, possibly resulting from post‐colonization evolution. Given that such evolution is less likely to apply to alien species recently introduced to islands by humans, tests of Baker’s law on islands need to consider both native and naturalized alien species.LocationGlobal.Time periodUndefined.Major taxa studiedAngiosperms.MethodsTo test whether the colonization of islands is associated with selfing ability (self‐compatibility and autofertility), we combined three comprehensive global databases: one on breeding systems of species, one on island and mainland distributions of native species and one on global naturalization of alien plants. We assigned each of a total of 1,752 species, from 161 angiosperm families, as mainland species, island colonists and/or island endemics (i.e., species that are restricted to islands). To assess potential relationships between island occurrence and selfing ability of species, we used multinomial logistic regressions.ResultsWe found that species with high selfing ability were slightly more likely to be island colonist than mainland species. However, selfing ability did not increase the likelihood of being an island endemic in contrast to mainland species. Among island colonists, selfing ability did not differ between species on oceanic and on continental islands or between species native to islands and naturalized on islands.Main conclusionsWe performed a comprehensive test of Baker’s law by considering many angiosperm families, using continuous metrics of self‐compatibility and autofertility and including both native and naturalized species. We provide global evidence that high selfing ability may foster island colonization of angiosperms.
Sarcopenia is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study of the KAMOGAWA‐DM cohort study
Authors: Kaji Ayumi , Hashimoto Yoshitaka , Kobayashi Yukiko , Sakai Ryosuke , Okamura Takuro , Miki Akane , Hamaguchi Masahide , Kuwahata Masashi , Yamazaki Masahiro , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: December 2018

AimDeath as a result of pneumonia is an important issue in patients with diabetes. Tongue pressure is associated with swallowing function, which has a close association with aspiration pneumonia. However, no previous studies have shown the association between sarcopenia and tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn the present cross‐sectional study, we investigated body composition, handgrip strength and tongue pressure. Skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) was defined as appendicular muscle mass / the square of the height. Sarcopenia was defined when both handgrip strength <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, and the skeletal muscle mass index <7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.7 kg/m2 for women existed.ResultsAmong 144 patients (82 men, 71.4 years [SD 6.7 years]), 11.8% had sarcopenia. Tongue pressure was associated with skeletal muscle mass index and handgrip strength (r = 0.361, P < 0.001 and r = 0.387, P < 0.001, respectively, in men; and r = 0.300, P = 0.018 and r = 0.538, P < 0.001, respectively, in women). Tongue pressure was associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia after adjusting for covariates (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.06–13.9, P = 0.041). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off value of handgrip strength for the presence of low tongue pressure was 27.7 kg (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.83, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.64) in men and 18.3 kg (AUC 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.84, sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.54) in women.ConclusionsSarcopenia, especially handgrip strength, is associated with tongue pressure in older patients with type 2 diabetes. We should consider a decrease of swallowing function when examining patients with sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 153–158.
Ultrafast, > 50 Hz LA‐ICP‐MS Spot Analysis Applied to U–Pb Dating of Zircon and other U‐Bearing Minerals
Authors: Chew David , Drost Kerstin , Petrus Joseph A. 
Published: December 2018

LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb detrital zircon studies typically analyse 50–200 grains per sample, with the consequent risk that minor but geologically important age components (e.g., the youngest detrital zircon population) are not detected, and higher abundance age components are misrepresented, rendering quantitative comparisons between samples impossible. This study undertook rapid U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS analyses (8 s per 18–47 μm diameter spot including baseline and ablation) of zircon, apatite, rutile and titanite using an aerosol rapid introduction system (ARIS). As the ARIS resolves individual single pulses at fast sampling rates, spot analyses require a high repetition rate (> 50 Hz) so the signal does not return to baseline and mass sweep times (> 80 ms) that span several laser pulses (i.e., major undersampling of the signal). All rapid U–Pb spot analyses employed 250–300 pulses, repetition rates of 53–65 Hz (total ablation times of 4.1–5.7 s) and low fluence (1.75–2.5 J cm−2), resulting in pit depths of ca. 15 μm. Zircon, apatite, rutile and titanite reference material data yield an accuracy and precision (2s) of < 1% for pre‐Cenozoic reference materials and < 2% for younger reference materials. We present a detrital zircon data set from a Neoproterozoic tillite where > 1000 grains were analysed in < 3 h with a precision and accuracy comparable to conventional LA‐ICP‐MS analytical protocols, demonstrating the rapid acquisition of huge detrital data sets.
What is the added value of digital image analysis of HER2 immunohistochemistry in breast cancer in clinical practice? A study with multiple platforms
Authors: Koopman Timco , Buikema Henk J , Hollema Harry , de Bock Geertruida H , van der Vegt Bert 
Published: December 2018

AimsWe aimed to compare digital image analysis (DIA) of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer by two platforms: (i) to validate DIA against standard diagnostics; and (ii) to evaluate the added value of DIA in clinical practice.Methods and resultsHER2 IHC and in‐situ hybridisation (ISH) were performed on 152 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas. IHC scores were determined with DIA using two independent platforms. Manual scoring was performed by two independent observers. HER2 status was considered positive in 3+ and ISH‐positive 2+ cases. HER2 status using DIA was compared to HER2 status with standard diagnostics (manual scoring with ISH in 2+ cases). Interplatform agreement of IHC scores was ‘moderate’ (linear weighted κ = 0.58), agreement between manual scoring and platform A was ‘moderate’ (κ = 0.60) and between manual scoring and platform B ‘almost perfect’ (κ = 0.85). Compared to manual scoring, DIA resulted in a reduction of 2+ cases from 17.1 to 1.3% with platform A and from 17.1 to 15.8% with platform B. However, compared to standard diagnostics, there were three false‐negative cases with DIA using platform A [81.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value (PPV), 97.8% negative predictive value (NPV)]. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100% with DIA using platform B.ConclusionsDIA of HER2 IHC is a valid tool in determining HER2 status in breast carcinoma. Algorithms in different platforms can behave differently, and optimal calibration is essential. In clinical practice, DIA offers an objective alternative to manual scoring, but a reduction in 2+ cases could result in loss of sensitivity.
The pathological challenge of establishing a precise diagnosis for pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy: identification of new diagnostic criteria
Authors: Sato Naoko , Tasaki Takashi , Noguchi Hirotsugu , Irie Koji , Nakayama Toshiyuki 
Published: December 2018

AimsPulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a fatal disease of patients with cancer that causes progressive pulmonary hypertension (PH). Its pathology is characterised by fibrocellular intimal proliferation and thrombosis caused by tumour emboli in microscopic pulmonary arteries. However, such PTTM‐like lesions often appear incidentally. We sought to identify features that distinguished PTTM from incidental pulmonary tumour emboli, and to gain an overall picture of PTTM morphology in terms of its pathogenesis.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five PTTM cases were classified into two groups: (i) a definite group (n = 14), clinically diagnosed with PH; and (ii) a suspicious group (n = 11) with respiratory symptoms but without a clinical evidence of PH. As a control group, autopsy cases with PTTM‐like lesions lacking progressive respiratory symptoms were selected (n = 7). PTTM‐like lesions in these groups were studied and a diagnostic guide for PTTM formulated as follows: PTTM‐like lesions with >17 affected vessels observed in a 1‐cm2 area of lung specimen, and the absence of pulmonary metastatic nodules. PTTM due to gastric cancers was shown to have a significantly shorter course and larger arterial involvement than cases with non‐gastric cancers. Serial sections revealed a PTTM lesion to be a longitudinal obstruction that accumulated in microscopic pulmonary arteries and that showed a proximal extension via supernumerary arteries.ConclusionWe suggest novel pathological diagnostic characteristics for PTTM deduced from a study of 25 autopsy cases. This includes PTTM‐like lesions with >17 affected vessels in a 1‐cm2 area of lung specimen and the absence of pulmonary metastatic nodules.
Selection in Border Areas: Profiling Immigrants or Crimmigrants?
Authors: DEKKERS TIM (T.J.M.) 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResearch on profiling in law enforcement focuses mostly on traffic stops and stop and searches in an Anglo‐American context. This article aims to expand this scope by studying profiling practices in migration checks in the Netherlands, aiming to see how migration officers select potential immigrants in the absence of a requirement of reasonable suspicion and how they deal with the legal complexity of the role of race and nationality in the selection process. It does so by employing an elaborate case study of the Royal Netherlands Marechaussee (RNLM). Findings show that officers are not looking for immigrants in general but focus on a subset of criminal immigrants based on stereotypical perceptions of specific nationalities. While these perceptions could be attributed to the discriminatory beliefs of the individual officers, the present study moves beyond that by documenting how unclear legislation and organisational factors are important to understand how these beliefs come to be and are maintained.
Diagnosis of external root resorption in teeth close and distant to zirconium implants: influence of acquisition parameters and artefacts produced during cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Freitas D. Q. , Nascimento E. H. L. , Vasconcelos T. V. , Noujeim M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the influence of artefacts, the metal artefact reduction (MAR) tool and kilovoltage (kVp) on the diagnosis of simulated external root resorption (ERR) in teeth close and distant to zirconium implants in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.MethodologyCavities (0.62 mm in diameter and 0.19 mm deep) were created in the apical thirds of 12 roots on the buccal, lingual, distal or mesial surface; ten roots served as controls. The roots were randomly positioned in the first and second right and left premolar sockets of a dry human mandible, and a zirconium implant was placed in the socket of the first right molar. A ProMax 3D unit varying kVp (70, 80, or 90 kVp) and with the MAR tool activated or not was used to obtain CBCT scans. Five examiners evaluated all images to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity and specificity.ResultsThe ROC values and sensitivity were not affected by MAR or artefacts regardless of the distance to the implant (P > 0.05), whilst increasing kVp from 70 to 90 led to a significant increase in these values (P = 0.0202 and 0.0199, respectively). Specificity was not affected by the factors studied (P > 0.05).ConclusionsAmongst the factors studied, only kVp influenced the diagnosis of simulated external root resorption in CBCT images. Increasing kVp from 70 to 90 improved the accuracy in diagnosing the simulated lesions.
Effect of dentine conditioning with phytic acid or etidronic acid on growth factor release, dental pulp stem cell migration and viability
Authors: Deniz Sungur D. , Aksel H. , Ozturk S. , Yılmaz Z. , Ulubayram K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of several chelating solutions on transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) release from dentine discs and their subsequent impact on cellular behaviour.MethodologyHuman dentine discs were prepared with a standardized diameter and disinfected using 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min. The dentine discs were then exposed to 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 1% phytic acid (IP6), 9% etidronic acid (HEDP) or distilled water (DW). The release of transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) was quantified using ELISA. The proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on the conditioned dentine discs was analysed using an MTT assay, and the cell morphology was observed by SEM. Migration of DPSCs towards the conditioned dentine discs was measured using a Transwell assay. Data for cell proliferation and migration were analysed using two‐way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test; a Kruskal–Wallis test was used for analysing TGF‐β release.ResultsBoth HEDP and IP6 treatment triggered TGF‐β release and cell migration. The greatest TGF‐β release was observed after HEDP treatment as compared with EDTA and DW but there was no significant difference between the groups. In terms of cell migration, HEDP was more effective than EDTA (P < 0.05) whilst IP6 was similar to EDTA. Cell proliferation significantly increased with time after EDTA, DW and IP6 treatment (P < 0.05), whereas HEDP treatment did not induce cell proliferation (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIP6 and HEDP were effective chelating agents on TGF‐β release, and cell migration was as effective as EDTA.
Effect of an emotion management programme for patients with schizophrenia: A quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Cho Minju , Jang Sun Joo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the goals of psychiatric social rehabilitation treatment is to improve patients’ emotion recognition, emotional expression, and empathetic abilities. In this study, we used a quasi‐experimental, nonrandomized design to examine the effect of an emotion management programme on the emotion recognition (emotion attention and emotion clarity), emotional expression (positive expressivity, negative expressivity, and impulse strength), and quality of life (QoL) of a sample of patients with schizophrenia in South Korea. Over eight sessions, we collected data from 56 patients with schizophrenia registered in community mental rehabilitation facilities. After attending the emotion management programme, the emotion recognition, emotional expression, and QoL scores of the experimental group were found to have significantly increased, whereas those of the control group had significantly decreased. Therefore, our findings show that emotion management programmes can be used as nursing interventions to improve the QoL of people with schizophrenia.
Calcium silicate slag reduces drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yang Rui , Howe Julie A. , Golden Bobby R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSilicon has been reported to reduce drought stress on many crops, but limited studies have evaluated this effect with rice using calcium silicate slag from the phosphorus fertilizer industry as a source of Si. A greenhouse study was performed to address this issue. Four slag rates (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg) and two application methods (surface application and incorporation) were evaluated under two moisture regimes (flood and 50% field capacity) for drought stress mitigation in a mineral soil that is typical for rice production. Slag application significantly elevated plant‐available Si in the soil and Si accumulation in plant tissues, and tended to improve rice shoot and root biomass relative to the untreated control under both flooding and drought stress. Increased carbon isotope discrimination (△13C) and decreased proline in rice leaves subjected to drought stress indicate that this slag may reduce drought stress in rice, which was supported by restoration of foliage density, transpiration, photosynthesis rate and sugar accumulation to at or near flooded levels following the highest slag application. This study supports the usage of calcium silicate slag in rice production as it could improve Si availability and reduce drought stress.
Influence of the organizational environment on challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities: Professionals’ views
Authors: Olivier‐Pijpers Vanessa C. , Cramm Jane M. , Nieboer Anna P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the influence of the organizational environment on challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities to increase understanding of the quality of support services for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodTwenty‐one professionals and managers from four specialized Dutch disability service organizations were interviewed. Data were analysed with a grounded theory approach, using Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory as a sensitizing frame.ResultsThe organizational environment (i.e., vision, values, sufficient resources) is related via the support service (i.e., providing stability, constant awareness) to residents’ challenging behaviour and is also linked directly to challenging behaviour (e.g., living environment, values). Organizations are restricted by national regulations, negative media attention and changing societal values, which negatively influence quality of support.ConclusionsThe creation of a supportive organizational environment for staff, who in turn can provide quality support services to residents with demanding care needs, was found to prevent challenging behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities.