bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CONJECTURE ON THE ‘NEW APULEIUS’
Authors: Shumilin Mikhail 
Published: June 2018

Lines 27.14–17 of the text published by Justin Stover as Apuleius, De Platone 3 are printed by him as follows:
quorum [sc. animalium] inmortalia esse quae in caelo sint; idcirco illa ordine cieri et eodem semper modo et alioquin esse prudentia.Of them [sc. animals], the immortal animals are those which are in the heavens; thus they move in an ordered pattern in the same way, and in addition, they are rational. (trans. J. Stover)
Anglicanism, Family Planning and Contraception: The Development of a Moral Teaching and its Ecumenical Implications
Authors: Morgan John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis essay examines pressures and theological developments regarding sexuality and birth control within Anglicanism, as represented by statements from Lambeth Conferences and in discussions in the Church of England during the early to mid twentieth century, and notes some of the changes in ‘official’ position within US churches and especially The Episcopal Church. It offers comparison with the developments in moral theology within the Roman Catholic Church after 1930 and asks if, and by what means, the two Communions may come to agree on the specific issue of contraception.
How beginning cognitive behavioural therapists develop professional confidence
Authors: Maruniakova Lenka , Rihacek Tomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvidence exists that the effectiveness of psychotherapy depends more on therapists’ variables than on their theoretical orientation or the techniques they use. Nevertheless, relatively little is known regarding the process of cognitive behavioural psychotherapists’ development. The purpose of the study was to explore how beginning cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) practitioners develop, considering various professional and personal influences. Eight in-depth interviews with beginning therapists were conducted, and the Grounded Theory Method was used for data analysis. The developmental process was conceptualized as Gaining Professional Confidence, and three phases of this process were identified: (1) Externally Based Confidence in CBT Methods, (2) Internalized Confidence in CBT Methods, and (3) Therapists’ Self-Confidence. The results indicate that trainees’ self-reflection on their personal qualities, values, attitudes and preferences should be given more attention in CBT training, as this plays a crucial role in their overall professional development.
Validation of ROTI for Ionospheric Amplitude Scintillation Measurements in a Low‐Latitude Region Over Africa
Authors: Olwendo J. O. , Cilliers Pierre , Weimin Zhen , Ming Ou , Yu Xiao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMeasurement of the effect of ionospheric irregularities on Global Navigation Satellite Services has drawn great interest due to the adverse effects of such irregularities on precise position estimation. Specialized receivers are currently being used to measure the effects of ionospheric irregularities on the satellite signals. These effects are characterized by the amplitude scintillation index S4 and the phase scintillation index σΦ (sigma phi). In order to compute these scintillation indices, one requires a receiver that measures data at a high sampling rate. The intensity of ionospheric scintillation is an important parameter in the modeling of ionospheric scintillation. Therefore, an index is required that accurately reflects the amplitude scintillation as conventionally measured by means of the S4 index. To infer the characteristics of ionospheric irregularities from ionospheric scintillation related to geophysical processes, the choice of sampling rate is very important, especially for small‐scale phenomena. In this work, we used a Global Positioning System receiver with high sampling rate, sampling at 20 Hz to compute both the amplitude scintillation index S4 and the rate of change of total electron content index (ROTI) based on relative total electron content. The results show that by scaling the ROTI values using an appropriate scaling factor, a scintillation index can be calculated that correlates well with the amplitude scintillation index S4, for values of S4 < 0.4. For strong scintillation events S4 > 0.5, the scaled ROTI values are more sensitive for events that lead to loss‐of‐lock (as evidenced by jumps in the L1‐phase values) than the S4 index. It is also shown that the choice of sampling interval may affect the computed ROTI at a particular location.
Identifying Key Water Resource Vulnerabilities in Data‐Scarce Transboundary River Basins
Authors: Rougé Charles , Tilmant Amaury , Zaitchik Ben , Dezfuli Amin , Salman Maher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐step framework to identify key water resource vulnerabilities in transboundary river basins where data availability on both hydrological fluxes and the operation of man‐made facilities is either limited or nonexistent. In a first step, it combines two state‐of‐the‐art modeling tools to overcome data limitations and build a model that provides a lower bound on risks estimated in that basin. Land data assimilation (process‐based hydrological modeling taking remote‐sensed products as inputs) is needed to evaluate hydrological fluxes, that is, streamflow data and consumptive use in irrigated agriculture—a lower‐end estimate of demand. Hydroeconomic modeling provides cooperative water allocation policies that reflect the best‐case management of storage capacity under hydrological uncertainty at a monthly time step for competing uses—hydropower, irrigation. In a second step, the framework uses additional scenarios to proceed with the in‐depth analysis of the vulnerabilities identified despite the use of what is by definition a best‐case model. We implement this approach to the Tigris‐Euphrates river basin, a politically unstable region where water scarcity has been hypothesized to serve as a trigger for the Syrian revolution and ensuing war. Results suggest that even under the framework's best‐case assumptions, the Euphrates part of the basin is close to a threshold where it becomes reliant on transfers of saline water from other parts of the basin to ensure irrigation demands are met. This Tigris‐Euphrates river basin application demonstrates how the proposed framework quantifies vulnerabilities that have been hitherto discussed in a mostly qualitative, speculative way.
Influence of Iron, Cobalt, and Vitamin B12 Supply on Phytoplankton Growth in the Tropical East Pacific During the 2015 El Niño
Authors: Browning Thomas J. , Rapp Insa , Schlosser Christian , Gledhill Martha , Achterberg Eric P. , Bracher Astrid , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and vitamin B12 addition experiments were performed in the eastern Equatorial Pacific/Peruvian upwelling zone during the 2015 El Niño event. Near the Peruvian coastline, apparent photosystem II photochemical efficiencies (Fv/Fm) were unchanged by nutrient addition and chlorophyll a tripled in untreated controls over 2 days, indicating nutrient replete conditions. Conversely, Fe amendment further away from the coastline in the high nitrate, low Fe zone significantly increased Fv/Fm and chlorophyll a concentrations. Mean chlorophyll a was further enhanced following supply of Fe + Co and Fe + B12 relative to Fe alone, but this was not statistically significant; further offshore, reported Co depletion relative to Fe could enhance responses. The persistence of Fe limitation in this system under a developing El Niño, as previously demonstrated under non‐El Niño conditions, suggests that diminished upwelled Fe is likely an important factor driving reductions in offshore phytoplankton productivity during these events.
Cenozoic Development of the Nonmarine Mula Basin in the Southern Yidun Terrane: Deposition and Deformation in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau Associated with the India‐Asia Collision
Authors: Jackson W. T. , Robinson D. M. , Weislogel A. L. , Jian X. , McKay M. P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo advance tectonic models of plateau growth in response to the India‐Asia collision, parameters such as the timing, mechanism (s), and extent of Cenozoic deposition and deformation throughout the eastern Tibetan Plateau need to be determined. To better understand these parameters, we examine the Mula basin, located in the southern Yidun terrane, using field data, detrital zircon geochronology, εHf zircon isotopic values, and thin section petrology. The Mula basin is a NW‐SE elongate (~28 km long and 5–8 km wide) exposure of nonmarine strata ~1,000 m thick, deposited in alluvial environments. The basin is bound to the northeast by a thrust fault (327, 34°NE) that places Triassic Daocheng Pluton and Triassic Yidun Group rocks on top of the nonmarine strata. The western boundary is defined by an unconformable contact between the overlying nonmarine strata and Triassic Daocheng Pluton and Yidun Group rock. An intrabasin thrust fault, parallel to the basin‐bounding fault, places older nonmarine strata on top of younger nonmarine strata, illustrating postdepositional deformation. Provenance results indicate that sediment influx originated primarily from localized drainage catchments and lacked major, well‐organized throughgoing systems. A maximum depositional age of 45.5 ± 0.5 Ma, based on the weighted mean average of the youngest detrital zircon population (s), demonstrates an Eocene or younger age for strata. We interpret the Mula basin to have developed in a contractional deformational regime driven by a far‐field, upper‐crustal response associated with the transition from an Andean style margin to a continent‐continent collisional margin as India impinged upon Eurasia.
RIP1 protects melanoma cells from apoptosis induced by BRAF/MEK inhibitors
Authors: Lei Fu Xi , Jin Lei , Liu Xiao Ying , Lai Fritz , Yan Xu Guang , Farrelly Margaret , Guo Su Tang , Zhao Xin Han , Zhang Xu Dong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany recent studies have uncovered the necessary role for the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) in regulating apoptosis and necrosis that cells undergo in response to various cellular stresses. However, the functional significance of RIP1 in promoting cancer cell survival remains poorly understood. Here, we report that RIP1 was upregulated and contributed to both intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma cells to BRAF/MEK inhibitors through activation of NF-κB. Strikingly, Snail1-mediated suppression of CYLD played a crucial role in promoting RIP1 expression upon ERK activation, particularly, in melanoma cells with acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitors. In addition, RIP1 kinase activity was not required for melanoma cells to survive BRAF/MEK inhibition as RIP1 mediated NF-κB activation through its intermediate domain. Collectively, our findings reveal that targeting RIP1 in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors is a potential approach in the treatment of the disease.
Emetine inhibits Zika and Ebola virus infections through two molecular mechanisms: inhibiting viral replication and decreasing viral entry
Authors: Yang Shu , Xu Miao , Lee Emily M , Gorshkov Kirill , Shiryaev Sergey A. , He Shihua , Sun Wei , Cheng Yu-Shan , Hu Xin , Tharappel Anil Mathew , Lu Billy , Pinto Antonella , Farhy Chen , Huang Chun-Teng , Zhang Zirui , Zhu Wenjun , Wu Yuying , Zhou Yi , Song Guang , Zhu Heng , Shamim Khalida , Martínez-Romero Carles , García-Sastre Adolfo , Preston Richard A. , Jayaweera Dushyantha T. , Huang Ruili , Huang Wenwei , Xia Menghang , Simeonov Anton , Ming Guoli , Qiu Xiangguo , Terskikh Alexey V. , Tang Hengli , Song Hongjun , Zheng Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) poses serious and continued threats to the global public health. Effective therapeutics for these maladies is an unmet need. Here, we show that emetine, an anti-protozoal agent, potently inhibits ZIKV and EBOV infection with a low nanomolar half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in vitro and potent activity in vivo. Two mechanisms of action for emetine are identified: the inhibition of ZIKV NS5 polymerase activity and disruption of lysosomal function. Emetine also inhibits EBOV entry. Cephaeline, a desmethyl analog of emetine, which may be better tolerated in patients than emetine, exhibits a similar efficacy against both ZIKV and EBOV infections. Hence, emetine and cephaeline offer pharmaceutical therapies against both ZIKV and EBOV infection.
Investigating the Glycating Effects of Glucose, Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal on Human Sperm
Authors: Nevin Clare , McNeil Lauren , Ahmed Nessar , Murgatroyd Chris , Brison Daniel , Carroll Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGlycation is the non-enzymatic reaction between reducing sugars, such as glucose, and proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, producing Advanced Glycation End (AGE) products. AGEs, produced during natural senescence as well as through lifestyle factors such as diet and smoking, are key pathogenic compounds in the initiation and progression of diabetes. Importantly, many of these factors and conditions also have influence on male fertility, affecting sperm count and semen quality, contributing to the decreasing trend in male fertility. This study investigated the impact of AGEs on sperm damage. In vitro sperm glycation assays were used to determine the levels and localization of the potent AGE compound, carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) in response to treatment with the glycating compounds glucose, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Sperm function assays were then used to assess the effects of glycation on motility and hyaluronan binding, and levels of oxidative DNA damage were analyzed through measurement of the marker, 8-oxoguanine. Results showed that glyoxal, but not glucose or methylglyoxal, induced significant increases in CML levels on sperm and this correlated with an increase in 8-oxoguanine. Immunocytochemistry revealed that AGEs were located on all parts of the sperm cell and most prominently on the head region. Sperm motility and hyaluronidase activity were not adversely affected by glycation. Together, the observed detrimental effects of the increased levels of AGE on DNA integrity, without an effect on motility and hyaluronidase activity, suggest that sperm may retain some fertilizing capacity under these adverse conditions.
Exploring the Relationship between Blood Flux Signals and HRV following Different Thermal Stimulations using Complexity Analysis
Authors: Wang Guangjun , Jia Shuyong , Li Hongyan , Wang Ze , Zhang Weibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between local blood flux and heart rate variability following different thermal stimulations, healthy subjects were recruited and subject to different thermal stimulations on the right forearm. Multiscale entropy and multiscale fuzzy entropy were used to measure the complexity of the local blood flux, and the approximate entropy was calculated to evaluate the HRV complexity. The results indicated that thermal stimulation significantly increased local blood flux and that different temperature stimulations resulted in different complexities in local blood flux. A 42 °C or 44 °C thermal stimulation, other than stimulations below 42 °C, resulted in a moderate correlation between local blood flux and heart rate variability complexity. The results provide a new perspective in terms of complexity to explore the relationship between skin blood flux signals and cardiac function.
Developmental and reproductive response of Brachmia macroscopa (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) to three host plants
Authors: Ma Li , Li Ni , Wang Xing , Liu Yan , Su Ming-Zhu , Huang Guo-Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sweet potato leaf folder, Brachmia macroscopa Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), which is a significant pest of plants in the family Convolvulaceae, is rapidly expanding its range in South China and other subtropical regions. Studies were designed to examine the effects of three different host plants (sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; water spinach, I. aquatica Forsskål; and morning glory, Pharbitis purpurea (L.)) on the development and life table parameters of B. macroscopa under laboratory conditions. We found that the intrinsic rates of increase of B. macroscopa were 0.17 ± 0.004, 0.21 ± 0.005 and 0.16 ± 0.004 on I. batatas, I. aquatica and P. purpurea, respectively. The highest net reproduction rate was 158.06 ± 18.22 per female reared on I. aquatica. The larvae had five instars when reared on I. batatas and I. aquatica, but required six instars on P. purpurea. The mean generation lengths of B. macroscopa ranged from 24.32 ± 0.18 days when reared on I. aquatica to 29.40 ± 0.24 days on P. purpurea. The survival of all stage and fecundity curves was intuitively manipulated using the age-stage-structured and two-sex population life table method, to enable comprehensive descriptions of the stage and population trends of B. macroscopa on the three Convolvulaceae plants. Our results indicated that I. batatas and I. aquatica were more suitable host plants than P. purpurea.
GATA-4-expressing mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction via secreted exosomes
Authors: He Ji-Gang , Li Hong-Rong , Han Jin-Xiu , Li Bei-Bei , Yan Dan , Li Hong-Yuan , Wang Ping , Luo Ying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether exosomes secreted by mouse GATA-4-expressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could induce BMSC differentiation into myocyte precursors, decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improve cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI). BMSCs were transduced with a lentivirus carrying a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible GATA-4 or control lentivirus, and secreted exosomes from these BMSCs were collected and co-cultured with BMSCs or cardiomyocytes under hypoxic and serum free conditions. Furthermore, exosomes were injected into mice 48 h after MI. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography at 48, 72, and 96 h after exosome treatment. Quantitative PCR showed that co-culture of BMSCs with GATA-4-BMSC exosomes increased cardiomyocyte-related marker expression. Co-culture of GATA-4-BMSC exosomes with cardiomyocytes in anoxic conditions decreased apoptosis as detected by flow cytometry. Injection of GATA-4-BMSC exosomes in mice 48 h after MI increased cardiac function over the next 96 h; increased cardiac blood vessel density and number of c-kit-positive cells and decreased apoptotic cardiomyocyte cells were also observed. Differential expression of candidate differentiation- and apoptosis-related miRNAs and proteins that may mediate these effects was also identified. Exosomes isolated from GATA-4-expressing BMSCs induce differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells, decrease anoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improve myocardial function after infarction.
Interobserver Agreement for Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS)-Based Standardized Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Schellhaas Barbara , Pfeifer Lukas , Kielisch Christian , Goertz Ruediger , Neurath Markus , Strobel Deike 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Objectives This pilot study aimed at assessing interobserver agreement with two contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) algorithms for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients.
Methods Focal liver lesions in 55 high-risk patients were assessed independently by three blinded observers with two standardized CEUS algorithms: ESCULAP (Erlanger Synopsis of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Liver Lesion Assessment in Patients at risk) and ACR-CEUS-LI-RADSv.2016 (American College of Radiology CEUS-Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System). Lesions were categorized according to size and ultrasound contrast enhancement in the arterial, portal-venous and late phase. Interobserver agreement for assessment of enhancement pattern and categorization was compared between both CEUS algorithms. Additionally, diagnostic accuracy for the definitive diagnosis of HCC was compared. Histology and/or CE-MRI and follow-up served as reference standards.
Results 55 patients were included in the study (male/female, 44/ 11; mean age: 65.9 years). 90.9 % had cirrhosis. Histological findings were available in 39/55 lesions (70.9 %). Reference standard of the 55 lesions revealed 48 HCCs, 2 intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinomas (ICCs), and 5 non-HCC-non-ICC lesions. Interobserver agreement was moderate to substantial for arterial phase hyperenhancement (ĸ = 0.53 – 0.67), and fair to moderate for contrast washout in the portal-venous or late phase (ĸ = 0.33 – 0.53). Concerning the CEUS-based algorithms, the interreader agreement was substantial for the ESCULAP category (ĸ = 0.64 – 0.68) and fair for the CEUS-LI-RADS® category (ĸ = 0.3 – 0.39). Disagreement between observers was mostly due to different perception of washout.
Conclusion Interobserver agreement is better for ESCULAP than for CEUS-LI-RADS®. This is mostly due to the fact that perception of contrast washout varies between different observers. However, interobserver agreement is good for arterial phase hyperenhancement, which is the key diagnostic feature for the diagnosis of HCC with CEUS in the cirrhotic liver.
Bullöses Pemphigoid unter Pembrolizumab-Therapie eines metastasierten malignen Melanoms
Authors: Troyanova-Slavkova S. , Schierle K. , Beloia S.-D. , Kowalzick L. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungPembrolizumab ist ein monoklonaler Antikörper, der an den PD-1-Rezeptor auf T-Zellen bindet und die Interaktion mit den Liganden PD-L1 und PD-L2 auf Krebszellen hemmt. Pembrolizumab wird zunehmend für die Behandlung von fortgeschrittenen Tumorerkrankungen, v. a. für metastasierte maligne Melanome, aber auch für nicht-kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom, Urothelkarzinom und Nierenkarzinom angewendet. Trotz der beeindruckenden klinischen Wirkungen sind die Checkpoint-Inhibitoren mit einer Reihe von Nebenwirkungen verbunden, die als immunbezogene unerwünschte Ereignisse bekannt sind. Zu den bekannten Nebenwirkungen dieser Therapie gehören neben kutanen Nebenwirkungen wie Hautausschlag auch Müdigkeit, Schilddrüsendysfunktion, immunvermittelte Pneumonitis und Kolitis. Zu den kutanen unerwünschten Ereignissen gehören u. a. Pruritus, lichenoide Dermatitis, Psoriasis sowie blasenbildende Erkrankungen wie bullöses Pemphigoid. Die Nebenwirkungen werden durch die immunoregulatorischen Mechanismen des Medikaments erklärt. Hier berichten wir über den Fall eines 72-jährigen Patienten mit metastasiertem malignen Melanom und Prostatakarzinom als Zweittumor, der unter einer Therapie mit Pembrolizumab rasch sowohl eine stabile Erkrankung des Tumors hatte, aber auch zuerst eine immunvermittelte Pneumonitis und im Verlauf dann auch ein bullöses Pemphigoid entwickelte. Dieser Fall ergänzt die Liste möglicher kutaner Nebenwirkungen einer PD-1-Inhibitor-Therapie.