bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of early‐stage dementia on community‐dwelling care recipient/carer dyads’ capacity to self‐manage
Authors: Stockwell‐Smith Gillian , Moyle Wendy , Kellett Ursula 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the impact of early‐stage dementia on care recipient/carer dyads’ confidence or belief in their capacity to manage the behavioural and functional changes associated with dementia and to access appropriate support networks.BackgroundLiving with dementia has predominantly been explored from the carer perspective and focused on the stress and burden of supporting a person with dementia. There has been a shift towards a more positive discourse to accommodate the role of self‐efficacy in supporting self‐management by people living with dementia. However, little has been reported on the dyadic experience of self‐efficacy in managing life with dementia.DesignA qualitative study using an interpretive descriptive approach. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 13 dyads in the early stages of dementia. The collected data underwent a process of thematic analysis. The study followed the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.ResultsDyadic adjustment to dementia was dynamic, involving shifts between loss and adaptation. Threats to self‐efficacy, declining autonomy and stigma, were significant causes of concern for both members of the dyad. Dyadic self‐efficacy was demonstrated through recognition of and adaptation to dementia‐related changes and development of coping strategies to integrate impairment into everyday life.ConclusionsSolution‐focused approaches that improve knowledge and skills enable the dyad to adjust. The considerable impact of stigma on self‐efficacy indicates that supportive disclosure strategies developed in mental health may also have a role to play in dementia interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses play a significant role in advising and supporting care recipient/carer dyads with dementia, and a better understanding of the dyadic perspective provides them with essential information to support self‐management. A proactive approach including information and support, offered at the beginning of the condition/care trajectory, may have the potential to delay progression into more dependent stages.
Symptoms of apathy and passivity in dementia: A simultaneous concept analysis
Authors: Gilmore‐Bykovskyi Andrea , Block Laura , Johnson Rachel , Goris Emilie Dykstra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesThe objective of this analysis was to clarify the concepts of apathy and passivity in the context of dementia by identifying distinguishing and overlapping attributes for both concepts simultaneously.BackgroundApathy is among the most common and persistent symptoms in dementia. The concept of apathy is often used interchangeably with passivity. Understanding similarities and differences between these concepts is of critical importance in clarifying clinical diagnostic criteria, developing consistent measurement in research and translating research evidence into nursing practice.DesignA systematic literature search of multiple databases identified relevant articles for review. A modified combination of Haase et al.'s simultaneous concept analysis method and Morses’ principle‐based concept analysis using qualitative content and thematic analysis procedures was applied to identify overlapping and distinguishing attributes.MethodsA search of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases identified 176 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The concepts of apathy and passivity were characterised using a standardised manual to identify attributes of definitions (conceptual and operational), related conditions, functional, behavioural and neurobiological correlates, antecedents and consequences. Thematic analysis identified common themes across each category which were tabulated and entered into comparative matrices to identify overlapping and distinguishing features.ResultsThere is considerable overlap across attributes of apathy and passivity. Apathy is distinguished as a clinical syndrome characterised by loss of motivation not due to emotional distress or cognitive impairment. Passivity is distinguished as a lack of interaction between the individual and environment in the context of cognitive impairment.ConclusionIn contrast to passivity, apathy is a more robustly defined concept focused on motivational limitations within the individual associated with specific neuroanatomical deficits.Relevance to clinical practiceThe identification of key distinguishing features of apathy and passivity in dementia is a critical first step in ensuring consistent measurement of each concept.
Pharmacological evaluation of Convolvulus pluricaulis as hypolipidaemic agent in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidaemia in rats
Authors: Garg Gaurav , Patil Amol , Singh Jagjit , Kaushik Nutan , Praksah Ajay , Pal Arnab , Chakrabarti Amitava 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP; C. pluricaulis) methanolic extract on Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidaemia in rats.

Methods
The study comprised of six groups namely normal control, experimental control and treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of C. pluricaulis, and 65 mg/kg of Fenofibrate). Hyperlipidaemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 400 mg/kg in rats. Parameters such as lipid profile, oxidative stress, histological analysis and atherogenic index were evaluated. The plant extract was further studied by HPLC and LCMS, for analyses of active phytochemicals.

Key findings
The result of the study showed that C. pluricaulis significantly decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, MDA levels and atherogenic index while the levels of HDL-c and GSH were found to be raised. Plant extract at the dose of 400 mg had a consistent effect on all lipid profile parameters. Lower doses (100 and 200 mg) did not produce a statistically significant reduction in LDL-c. In addition, the protective effect of C. pluricaulis was confirmed by histological analysis. Further, the findings of the study were found to be comparable with fenofibrate.

Conclusions
Therefore, the present study suggests that C. pluricaulis has the potential for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.
Caregiving Roles of Siblings of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Chung eun , Burke Meghan M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) grow older, many siblings anticipate becoming caregivers for their brothers and sisters with I/DD. However, there is little extant research about the caregiving roles of siblings. The purpose of this review was to extend the literature by conducting a systematic literature review about sibling caregiving. To better understand this population, a systematic literature review was conducted about adult siblings of individuals with I/DD to examine the definition of caregiving, sibling caregiving experiences, and correlates of sibling caregiving. In total, 29 relevant studies were identified. Results indicate that there is no consistent definition of sibling caregiving. Further, adult sibling caregivers reported caregiving benefits and challenges. The literature is also mixed with respect to the correlates of sibling caregiving. It is necessary to conduct additional research to understand sibling caregiving for individuals with I/DD. Implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Predictive variables of spontaneous micturition recovery after acute urinary retention in men with benign prostatic enlargement: An observational prospective study
Authors: Vella Marco , Abrate Alberto , Costanzo Angela , D'Amato Francesco , Tarantino Maria L. , Simonato Alchiede 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveAcute urinary retention (AUR) is the sudden and painful inability to urinate spontaneously. AUR is one of the most significant complications of benign prostatic enlargement. The management of AUR is based on transurethral catheterization. Subsequent therapy is uncertain, but AUR seems to benefit from the use of alpha‐blockers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variables that could predict which patients would recover spontaneous micturition after trial without catheter.MethodsThe present prospective observational study included men with AUR in an Italian tertiary care institute in 2016. Patients were catheterized and treated orally with fluoroquinolones, alpha‐blockers, and Serenoa repens extracts. Preoperative variables as age, C‐reactive protein (CRP), previous prostate‐specific antigen values, urinary retention volume, prostate volume, and scores on a modified International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire (IPSS‐4), were investigated in relation to spontaneous micturition recovery.ResultsMean (±SD) age was 68.4 ± 7.1 years. Spontaneous and valid micturition recovery was observed in 11 patients (29.7%), whereas 26 (70.3%) needed to be catheterized again. The IPSS‐4 score was significantly lower (9 vs 17; P < .001) and CRP values were significantly higher (43.00 vs 1.00 mg/dL; P < .001) in patients who recovered spontaneous micturition. The IPSS‐4 scores and CRP showed an area under the curve of 0.85 and 0.87, respectively. for the prediction of spontaneous and valid micturition recovery.ConclusionCRP and IPSS‐4 could be useful tools to predict spontaneous micturition recovery after catheterization associated with medical therapy for AUR.
Breastfeeding, schooling, and income: Insights from the Indonesian Family Life Survey
Authors: Lutter Randall , Ruhm Christopher , Lin Dajun , Liu Siying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent research has highlighted associations of breastfeeding with IQ, schooling, and income, but uncertainty about such links remains. The Indonesian Family Life Survey, representative of 83% of the Indonesian population, provides data on breastfeeding, parents' years of schooling, wealth, and other family characteristics in 1993–1994, as well as schooling and income in 2014–2015 for 5,421 children of those families. Using linear regressions and controlling for village or neighbourhood, as well as propensity score matching, we analysed breastfeeding associations for boys and girls separately, when regularly fed foods/beverages other than breast milk is significantly associated with years of schooling in 2014–2015 for girls, but not for boys, after controlling for the village or neighbourhood of residence in 1993–1994. For girls, ages 1 to 1.9, 2 to 2.9, 3 to 3.9, and >4 months, relative to ages <1 month, are associated with an additional 0.41 to 0.46 years of schooling, with p values of 0.086, 0.071, 0.043, and 0.026, respectively. No comparable estimate for boys attains statistical significance. Using propensity score matching yields similar results. Associations with annual income in 2014–2015 are not statistically significant, either for all children, or for either sex. Our finding suggests that delaying regular feeding of foods/beverages other than breast milk beyond 1 month may help girls' schooling but has no observable association with annual income, perhaps because of lower labour force participation by women. Also, the inclusion of controls for village or neighbourhood of residence reduces confounding.
Isolation and expression analysis of cadmium‐induced genes from Cd/Mn hyperaccumulator Phytolacca americana in response to high Cd exposure
Authors: Zhao H. , Wei Y. , Wang J. , Chai T. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Phytolacca americana is recognised as a hyperaccumulator that accumulates cadmium (Cd) and manganese (Mn). Although most studies have provided abundant physiological evidence, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Cd accumulation in P. americana.

In this study, Cd‐induced genes were isolated using suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) library construction, and gene expression patterns under Cd stress were quantified using real‐time quantitative PCR. The functions of PaGST, PaMT and PaFe‐SOD were confirmed in transformant yeast. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell death in root tips were detected, and SOD and POD activities in leaf tissue were also analysed.

There were about 447 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) identified and confirmed. GO analysis showed those genes were mainly involved in metabolism, cell stress and defence, transcription and translation, signal transduction, transport, energy and ion transport, which formed the basis for a molecular understanding of P. americana Cd tolerance mechanisms. Cd also stimulated ROS formation and modified the antioxidant systems.

Taken together, our results indicate that ROS formation and Cd‐induced gene expression favour P. americana tolerance by activating the defence system and permitting subsequent adaptation to Cd toxicity.
Successful treatment of giant condyloma in a pediatric heart transplant recipient with topical cidofovir
Authors: Das Bibhuti B. , Anton Kristin , Knox Leah , Jarin Jason , Sue Paul K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report a case of giant condyloma that developed in a pediatric heart transplant recipient. This infection progressed for several months despite reduction in immunosuppression, topical treatment, and oral cimetidine therapy. Complete resolution was observed following 7 months of topical cidofovir, without evidence of systemic toxicity or rejection.
Designing the blood supply chain: how much, how and where?
Authors: Osorio Andres F. , Brailsford Sally C. , Smith Honora K. , Blake John 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe topology of the blood supply chain network can take different forms in different settings, depending on geography, politics, costs, etc. Many developed countries are moving towards centralized networks. The goal for all blood distribution networks, regardless of topology, remains the same: to satisfy demand at minimal cost and minimal wastage.Study Design and MethodsMathematically, the blood supply system design can be viewed as a location‐allocation problem, where the aim is to find the optimal location of collection and production facilities and to assign hospitals to them to minimize total system cost. However, most location‐allocation models in the blood supply chain literature omit several important aspects of the problem, such as selecting amongst differing methods of collection and production. In this paper, we present a location‐allocation model that takes these factors into account to support strategic decision‐making at different levels of centralization.ResultsOur approach is illustrated by a case study (Colombia) to redesign the national blood supply chain under a range of realistic travel time limitations. For each scenario, an optimal supply chain configuration is obtained, together with optimal collection and production strategies. We show that the total costs for the most centralized scenario are around 40% of the costs for the least centralized scenario.ConclusionCentralized systems are more efficient than decentralized systems. However, the latter may be preferred for political or geographical reasons. Our model allows decision‐makers to redesign the supply network per local circumstances and determine optimal collection and production strategies that minimize total costs.
Language education for glocal interaction: English and Tatar
Authors: Gilmetdinova Alsu , Malova Irina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article adopts Seargeant's theory of language ideologies to conceptualize, review, and problematize various perspectives on language education for glocal interaction in Tatarstan. Tatarstan is an autonomous republic in the Volga region of Russia which in 1992 has succeeded in obtaining two official languages, Russian and Tatar. It houses the second biggest ethnicity in the country – Tatars. Along with the local language, English has gained much attention in recent decades; its earlier ambiguous position in the Soviet Union echoed that of Tatar. This article focuses on how Tatar and English languages are regulated within the context of education in Russia, and how languages are differentiated and conceptualized, both linguistically and ideologically. The analysis is based on language policy documents as well as methodological approaches for the study of language. It highlights the dangers of assuming a universal language approach, be it English or Russian, and extends the Seargeant framework. It also highlights ways the global can meet the local to facilitate a more contextualized process of language regulation in a multilingual setting.
Niobium carbide coatings produced on tool steels via thermo-reactive diffusion
Authors: Orjuela Guerrero Fredy Alejandro , Olaya Florez John Jairo , Alfonso Orjuela José Edgar 
Published: September 2018

Objective: In this work, niobium carbide (NbC) coatings were deposited on substrates of the tool steels AISI H13 and AISI D2 using thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion (TRD) in order to analyze their behavior against corrosion in a saline environment. Materials and methods: The niobium carbides were obtained using salt baths composed of borax pentahydrate, aluminum and ferroniobium. This mixture was heated at 1050 °C for 4 hours. The chemical composition was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The coatings were morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crystal structure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the electrochemical behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results and discussion: The XRF analysis indicated that the coatings contained 87.476 wt% Nb and 51.943 wt% Nb for the D2-substrate and the H13-substrate, respectively. The SEM images revealed that the morphology of the surface of the coatings was homogeneous. The XRD analysis established that the coatings were polycrystalline, and the electrochemical tests established that the corrosion resistance increased slightly in the covered substrates with respect to the uncoated steels, with the best results being obtained in the layers of niobium carbide deposited on AISI D2 steel. Conclusions: The analysis of corrosion resistance revealed that the coatings prepared on D2 steel have a higher corrosion resistance because they have fewer surface imperfections, which causes the coating to exhibit a dielectric behavior.
Selective Pressure for Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis: Differential Effect of Mutations in the Master Regulator SinR on Bistability
Authors: Kampf Jan , Gerwig Jan , Kruse Kerstin , Cleverley Robert , Dormeyer Miriam , Grünberger Alexander , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Commichau Fabian M. , Lewis Richard J. , Stülke Jörg 
Published: September 2018

Many bacteria are able to choose between two mutually exclusive lifestyles: biofilm formation and motility. In the model bacterium
Bacillus subtilis
, this choice is made by each individual cell rather than at the population level. The transcriptional repressor SinR is the master regulator in this decision-making process. The regulation of SinR activity involves complex control of its own expression and of its interaction with antagonist proteins. We show that the YmdB phosphodiesterase is required to allow the expression of SinR-repressed genes in a subpopulation of cells and that such subpopulations can switch between different SinR activity states. Suppressor analyses revealed that
ymdB
mutants readily acquire mutations affecting SinR, thus restoring biofilm formation. These findings suggest that
B. subtilis
cells experience selective pressure to form the extracellular matrix that is characteristic of biofilms and that YmdB is required for the homeostasis of SinR and/or its antagonists.
Perceptions of cigarette pack inserts promoting cessation and dissuasive cigarettes among young adult smokers in the UK: a cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Moodie Crawford S , Hiscock Rosemary , Thrasher Jim , Reid Garth 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo explore young adult smokers’ perceptions of cigarette pack inserts promoting cessation and cigarettes designed to be dissuasive.DesignCross-sectional online survey.SettingUK.ParticipantsThe final sample was 1766 young adult smokers, with 50.3% male and 71.6% white British. To meet the inclusion criteria, participants had to be 16–34 years old and smoke factory-made cigarettes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSalience of inserts, perceptions of inserts as information provision, perceptions of inserts on quitting, support for inserts and perceived appeal, harm and trial of three cigarettes (a standard cigarette, a standard cigarette displaying the warning ‘Smoking kills’ and a green cigarette).ResultsHalf the sample indicated that they would read inserts with three-fifths indicating that they are a good way to provide information about quitting (61%). Just over half indicated that inserts would make them think more about quitting (53%), help if they decided to quit (52%), are an effective way of encouraging smokers to quit (53%) and supported having them in all packs (55%). Participants who smoked factory-made cigarettes and other tobacco products (compared with exclusive factory-made cigarette smokers), had made a quit attempt within the last 6 months (compared with those that had never made a quit attempt) or were likely to make a successful quit attempt in the next 6 months (compared with those unlikely to make a quit attempt in the next 6 months) were more likely to indicate that inserts could assist with cessation. Multivariable logistic regression modelling suggested that compared with the standard cigarette, the cigarette with warning (adjusted OR=17.71; 95% CI 13.75 to 22.80) and green cigarette (adjusted OR=30.88; 95% CI 23.98 to 39.76) were much less desirable (less appealing, more harmful and less likely to be tried).ConclusionsInserts and dissuasive cigarettes offer policy makers additional ways of using the pack to reduce smoking.
Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight
Authors: Thielman Justin , Harrington Daniel , Rosella Laura C , Manson Heather 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether combining three cycles of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) produces provincially representative and valid estimates of overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec.SettingAn ongoing, nationally representative health survey in Canada, with data released every 2 years. Objective measures of height and weight were taken at mobile examination centres located within 100 km of participants’ residences. To increase sample size, we combined three cycles completed during 2007–2013.Participants5740 Ontario residents and 3980 Quebec residents aged 6–79, with birth dates and directly measured height and weight recorded in the CHMS. Pregnant females were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics of the Ontario and Quebec portions of the CHMS appeared similar to characteristics from the 2006 Canada Census.Primary outcome measuresObjectively measured overweight and obesity prevalence overall and among males and females in the following age groups: 6–11, 12–19, 20–39, 40–59 and 60–79. We compared these with provincially representative and objectively measured estimates from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)-Nutrition.Results57.1% (95% CI 52.8% to 61.4%) of Ontarians were classified overweight or obese and 24.0% (95% CI 20.3% to 27.6%) obese, while Quebec’s corresponding percentages were 56.2% (95% CI 51.3% to 61.1%) and 24.4% (95% CI 20.6% to 28.3%). Generally, overweight and obesity combined was higher in older age groups and males. Comparisons with the CCHS-Nutrition did not yield unexplainable differences between surveys.ConclusionsCombining three CHMS cycles can produce estimates of overweight and obesity in populations representative of Ontario and Quebec. As new CHMS data are collected, these estimates can be updated and used to evaluate trends.