bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Subject and Physician Satisfaction after Long-Term Treatment of Glabellar Lines with AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®/Azzalure®): Primary Results of the APPEAL Noninterventional Study
Authors: Gubanova Elena , Haddad Tabet May , Bergerova Yvonne , Moiseieva Olena , Chemeris Andrey , Sanches Elena , Sharova Alisa , Rodriguez Pose Luisa , Raymond Romain , Prygova Inna , Carlisle Ian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
Although the short- and long-term effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®/Azzalure®) for glabellar line (GL) treatment is well established, reporting of subject satisfaction over repeat treatment cycles is limited. The APPEAL study aimed to assess subject satisfaction with long-term GL treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA in a real-life setting.

Methods
APPEAL was a noninterventional, prospective, longitudinal study in subjects administered ≥ 3 abobotulinumtoxinA injection cycles for moderate-to-severe GL, according to routine clinical practice. Subjects completed a satisfaction questionnaire at 3 weeks (± 7 days) after each cycle. Primary endpoint included subjects’ overall satisfaction with GL after three injection cycles. Secondary endpoints included satisfaction after Cycles 1 and 2 and factors associated with satisfaction after each cycle. Physician satisfaction was also assessed after Cycles 1 and 3.

Results
Of 150 subjects enrolled, 135 completed the overall subject satisfaction questionnaire after Cycle 3. At 3 weeks after Cycle 3, 99.3% of subjects were ‘very satisfied’ (74.1%) or ‘satisfied’ (25.2%) with GL. Levels of subject satisfaction and associated factors after Cycles 1 and 2 were as large and significant as after Cycle 3 (83–100%, depending on question). Physicians’ satisfaction with GL appearance, facial expression, and overall satisfaction was almost complete after the first injection (≥ 97.4%) and unanimous after the third (100%).

Conclusions
In the APPEAL study, overall satisfaction was high after three abobotulinumtoxinA injection cycles for GL based on both subjects’ (99.3%) and physicians’ (100.0%) assessments. High levels of subject satisfaction reported after Cycle 1 were maintained with repeated injections. No new safety signals were observed.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Trial registration NCT02353897
Personality Traits and the Early Origins of Political Sophistication: Openness to Experience or Intellectualism?
Authors: Blanchet Alexandre 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent research using the Big Five model of personality traits has highlighted the importance of personality traits to explaining diverse political behaviours and attitudes. The trait labelled openness to experience has also been found to positively affect political knowledge. This investigation seeks to distinguish two different components of openness: the aesthetic and the intellectual facets. An analysis of the 2015 Canadian Election Study (CES), the 2012 American National Election Study (ANES) and the 2013 ANES Recontact Study was conducted to explore this question. Openness had no significant impact on political knowledge when a measure that more precisely targets intellectualism, as represented by need for cognition, was included. However, open individuals did exhibit higher levels of interest in politics. Finally, openness to experience and need for cognition fostered political knowledge with frequency of political discussion and exposure to disagreement in the CES respondents (Canadians) but not in the ANES respondents (Americans).
TRANSFORMING THE PALMER DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX INTO A STANDARDIZED MULTI-SCALAR INDEX: ASSESSING THE NORMALITY ASSUMPTION UNDER SOUTH AMERICA TROPICAL-SUBTROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: BLAIN GABRIEL CONSTANTINO , XAVIER ANA CAROLINA FREITAS 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYTwo of the most common criticisms over the widely used Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) is that it cannot be calculated at different time scales and it is not as spatially comparable as other Standardized Drought Indices (SDI), such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Therefore, the hypothesis that the PDSI may be transformed into a multi-scalar index sharing the same normalized nature of others SDI has been proposed in the scientific literature. This hypothesis was extensively evaluated in this study by statistical methods largely used to assess and improve the performance of others standardized drought indices (e.g. SPI). In general terms, these methods evaluated the ability of the transformed/probability-based Palmer's Index to approach the standard normal distribution. The strategy of basing the selection of a distribution for calculating such an index on its performance within the range of typical drought and flood events was adopted. The testing region was the State of São Paulo, a tropical-subtropical region of Brazil. Time scales ranging from 1- to 12-month and Available Water Capacity equal to 50, 100 and 150 mm were also considered. A computational algorithm for calculating the new version of the Palmer's index is also provided. The Generalized Logistic distribution with parameters estimated by the maximum likelihood method is recommended to calculate the new index. The results of the normality tests are consistent with the above-mentioned strategy. From a scientific standpoint, the results support the hypothesis of this study. Therefore, we conclude that the new Standardized Palmer Drought Index (SPDI) is capable of meeting the normally assumption under tropical-subtropical climatic conditions of Brazil. In other words, the new SPDI has shown to be capable of representing floods and drought events in a similar probabilistic/normalized way. This conclusion holds true for time scales ranging from 1- to 12-month and Available Water Capacity equal to 50, 100 and 150 mm.
How might the cultural significance of storytelling in Deaf communities influence the development of a life-story work intervention for Deaf people with dementia? A conceptual thematic review
Authors: Young Alys , Ferguson-Coleman Emma , Keady John 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough life-story work is an established form of support for people with dementia and their carers, culturally Deaf people who are sign language users have been excluded from this practice. There is no evidence base for the cultural coherence of this approach with Deaf people who sign, nor any prior investigation of the linguistic and cultural adaptation that might be required for life-story work to be effective for sign language users with dementia. Given the lack of empirical work, this conceptual thematic literature review approaches the topic by first investigating the significance of storytelling practices amongst Deaf communities across the lifespan before using the findings to draw out key implications for the development of life-story work with culturally Deaf people who experience dementia and their formal and informal carers (whether Deaf or hearing). The reviewed work is presented in three themes: (a) the cultural positioning of self and others, (b) learning to be Deaf and (c) resistance narratives and narratives of resistance. The article concludes that life-story work has the potential to build on lifelong storying practices by Deaf people, the functions of which have included the (re)forming of cultural identity, the combating of ontological insecurity, knowledge transmission, the resistance of false identity attribution, and the celebration of language and culture.
A survey on evolutionary-aided design in robotics
Authors: Radhakrishna Prabhu Shanker G. , Seals Richard C. , Kyberd Peter J. , Wetherall Jodie C. 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARYThe evolutionary-aided design process is a method to find solutions to design and optimisation problems. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are applied to search for optimal solutions from a solution space that evolves over several generations. EAs have found applications in many areas of robotics. This paper covers the efforts to determine body morphology of robots through evolution and body morphology with the controller of robots or similar creatures through co-evolution. The works are reviewed from the perspective of how different algorithms are applied and includes a brief explanation of how they are implemented.
Dietary protein and changes in markers of cardiometabolic health across 20 years of follow-up in middle-aged Americans
Authors: Hruby Adela , Jacques Paul F 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveDietary protein plays a role in counteracting age-related muscle loss. However, limited long-term data exist on protein intake and markers of cardiometabolic health, which tend to deteriorate with age.DesignProspective cohort study. FFQ-derived protein intake (g/d) and cardiometabolic markers were assessed up to five times across 20 years. Markers included systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, circulating lipids (total, HDL and LDL cholesterol; TAG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), fasting glucose (FG), weight and waist circumference (WC). Mixed models accounting for repeated measures were used to estimate adjusted mean annualized changes in outcomes per quartile category of protein.SettingFramingham Heart Study Offspring cohort, USA.SubjectsParticipants (n3066) with 12 333 unique observations, baseline (mean (sd)) age=54·0 (9·7) years, BMI=27·4 (4·9) kg/m2, 53·5 % female.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, there were favourable associations (mean (se)) of total protein with annualized changes in SBP (lowestv. highest intake: 0·34 (0·06)v. 0·04 (0·06) mmHg,Ptrend=0·001) and eGFR (−1·03 (0·06)v. −0·87 (0·05) ml/min per 1·73 m2,Ptrend=0·046), unfavourable associations with changes in FG (0·013 (0·004)v. 0·028 (0·004) mmol/l,Ptrend=0·004) and no associations with weight, WC, DBP or lipids. Animal protein was favourably associated with SBP and unfavourably with FG and WC; plant protein was favourably associated with FG and WC.ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that protein intake may influence changes in cardiometabolic health independent of change in weight in healthy adults and that protein’s role in cardiometabolic health may depend on the protein source.
Emergent Macrophyte Root Architecture Controls Subsurface Solute Transport
Authors: Nikolakopoulou M. , Argerich A. , Drummond J. D. , Gacia E. , Martí E. , Sorolla A. , Sabater F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEmergent macrophytes (helophytes) grow in the active channel of fluvial ecosystems. Subsurface flow beneath this area (i.e., hyporheic zone) is considered critical for ecological processes. However, little is known about the influence of helophyte roots on subsurface solute transport. We investigated the effect of three helophyte species with different root architecture (Iris pseudacorus L., Phragmites australis L., and Scirpus lacustris L.) on solute transport along subsurface flow paths. We considered both the physical and the biological roles of the roots, expecting that (1) roots will act as structures that create heterogeneities in the sediment (physical role); thus, root architecture will alter subsurface flow paths; (2) roots will remove water via evapotranspiration (biological role), leading to slower flow velocity; and (3) both scenarios will result in longer water residence times. We performed conservative tracer pulse additions in 12 flow‐through flumes subjected to four treatments: absence of helophytes (Control) and presence of helophytes (Iris, Scirpus, and Phragmites). Tracer breakthrough curves were used to compare solute transport patterns between the treatments by fitting a mobile‐immobile model and by applying temporal moment analysis. Results showed that helophyte roots increase subsurface water residence time by creating heterogeneities in the substrate and by removing water. Furthermore, hydraulic retention increased with the percent volume of fine roots but decreased in the presence of thicker roots. Based on these results we suggest that the root architecture of helophytes and their capacity to remove water via evapotranspiration should be considered when planning stream restoration activities aimed to improve water quality.
Nanoparticle architecture preserves magnetic properties during coating to enable robust multi-modal functionality
Authors: Woodard Lauren E. , Dennis Cindi L. , Borchers Julie A. , Attaluri Anilchandra , Velarde Esteban , Dawidczyk Charlene , Searson Peter C. , Pomper Martin G. , Ivkov Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) have established a niche as a nanomedicine platform for diagnosis and therapy, but they present a challenging surface for ligand functionalization which limits their applications. On the other hand, coating MIONs with another material such as gold to enhance these attachments introduces other complications. Incomplete coating may expose portions of the iron oxide core, or the coating process may alter their magnetic properties. We describe synthesis and characterization of iron oxide/silica/gold core-shell nanoparticles to elucidate the effects of a silica-gold coating process and its impact on the resulting performance. In particular, small angle neutron scattering reveals silica intercalates between iron oxide crystallites that form the dense core, likely preserving the magnetic properties while enabling formation of a continuous gold shell. The synthesized silica-gold-coated MIONs demonstrate magnetic heating properties consistent with the original iron oxide core, with added x-ray contrast for imaging and laser heating.
Structural basis for polymerase η–promoted resistance to the anticancer nucleoside analog cytarabine
Authors: Rechkoblit Olga , Choudhury Jayati Roy , Buku Angeliki , Prakash Louise , Prakash Satya , Aggarwal Aneel K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCytarabine (AraC) is an essential chemotherapeutic for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and resistance to this drug is a major cause of treatment failure. AraC is a nucleoside analog that differs from 2′-deoxycytidine only by the presence of an additional hydroxyl group at the C2′ position of the 2′-deoxyribose. The active form of the drug AraC 5′-triphosphate (AraCTP) is utilized by human replicative DNA polymerases to insert AraC at the 3′ terminus of a growing DNA chain. This impedes further primer extension and is a primary basis for the drug action. The Y-family translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase η (Polη) counteracts this barrier to DNA replication by efficient extension from AraC-terminated primers. Here, we provide high-resolution structures of human Polη with AraC incorporated at the 3′-primer terminus. We show that Polη can accommodate AraC at different stages of the catalytic cycle, and that it can manipulate the conformation of the AraC sugar via specific hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions. Taken together, the structures provide a basis for the ability of Polη to extend DNA synthesis from AraC terminated primers.
Chromatin de-condensation by switching substrate elasticity
Authors: Rabineau Morgane , Flick Florence , Ehlinger Claire , Mathieu Eric , Duluc Isabelle , Jung Matthieu , Senger Bernard , Kocgozlu Leyla , Schaaf Pierre , Lavalle Philippe , Freund Jean-Noël , Haikel Youssef , Vautier Dominique 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMechanical properties of the cellular environment are known to influence cell fate. Chromatin de-condensation appears as an early event in cell reprogramming. Whereas the ratio of euchromatinversusheterochromatin can be increased chemically, we report herein for the first time that the ratio can also be increased by purely changing the mechanical properties of the microenvironment by successive 24 h-contact of the cells on a soft substrate alternated with relocation and growth for 7 days on a hard substrate. An initial contact with soft substrate caused massive SW480 cancer cell death by necrosis, whereas approximately 7% of the cells did survived exhibiting a high level of condensed chromatin (21% heterochromatin). However, four consecutive hard/soft cycles elicited a strong chromatin de-condensation (6% heterochromatin) correlating with an increase of cellular survival (approximately 90%). Furthermore, cell survival appeared to be reversible, indicative of an adaptive process rather than an irreversible gene mutation(s). This adaptation process is associated with modifications in gene expression patterns. A completely new approach for chromatin de-condensation, based only on mechanical properties of the microenvironment, without any drug mediation is presented.
Expression of key genes affecting artemisinin content in five Artemisia species
Authors: Salehi Maryam , Karimzadeh Ghasem , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Naghdi Badi Hassanali , Rashidi Monfared Sajad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractArtemisinin, an effective anti-malarial drug is synthesized in the specialized 10-celled biseriate glandular trichomes of some Artemisia species. In order to have an insight into artemisinin biosynthesis in species other than A. annua, five species with different artemisinin contents were investigated for the expression of key genes that influence artemisinin content. The least relative expression of the examined terpene synthase genes accompanied with very low glandular trichome density (4 No. mm−2) and absence of artemisinin content in A. khorassanica (S2) underscored the vast metabolic capacity of glandular trichomes. A. deserti (S4) with artemisinin content of 5.13 mg g−1 DW had a very high expression of Aa-ALDH1 and Aa-CYP71AV1 and low expression of Aa-DBR2. It is possible to develop plants with high artemisinin synthesis ability by downregulating Aa-ORA in S4, which may result in the reduction of Aa-ALDH1 and Aa-CYP71AV1 genes expression and effectively change the metabolic flux to favor more of artemisinin production than artemisinic acid. Based on the results, the Aa-ABCG6 transporter may be involved in trichome development. S4 had high transcript levels and larger glandular trichomes (3.46 fold) than A. annua found in Iran (S1), which may be due to the presence of more 2C-DNA (3.48 fold) in S4 than S1.
Selenium deficiency induces duodenal villi cell apoptosis via an oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and an inflammatory signaling-induced death receptor pathway
Authors: Wang Jianfa , Liu Zhe , He Xianjing , Lian Shuai , Liang Jianbin , Yu Debin , Sun Dongbo , Wu Rui 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an important nutritional trace element possessing antioxidant properties. Our goal was to elucidate the effect and mechanism of Se deficiency on the intestinal cell fate. One-day-old three-yellow chickens were fed a low Se diet for 1, 3, and 5 weeks. Histologic characteristics, protein expression profiles, antioxidant activities, inflammatory signaling, and the apoptosis status in duodenum mucosa were investigated. Histological results showed that Se deficiency could increase inflammatory cell infiltration, karyopyknosis of the epithelial cells, cytoplasm vacuolization and dissolution of goblet cells. The proteomics results indicated that Se deficiency could induce apoptosis of cells in duodenal villi via inhibition of antioxidant redox signaling and activation of NF-κB signaling. Further analysis results showed that Se deficiency decreased the total antioxidant capacity of duodenum mucosa via down-regulating the transcription level and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by Se deficiency-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). TUNEL, DNA ladder, immunohistochemical assay, and western blotting proved that selenium deficiency could induce duodenal villi cell apoptosis. The results also indicated that Se deficiency can cause duodenal villi cell apoptosis via an oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (intrinsic pathway) and an inflammatory signaling-induced death receptor pathway (extrinsic pathway). Our data may provide new insight into the prevention and treatment of chronic diarrhea caused by Se deficiency.
Aspirin enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma side population cells to doxorubicin via miR-491/ABCG2
Authors: Xie Zheng-Yuan , Liu Mao-Sheng , Zhang Cong , Cai Peng-Cheng , Xiao Zhi-Hua , Wang Fen-Fen 
Published: August 2018

Objective: To explore whether aspirin (ASA) enhances the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) side population (SP) cells to doxorubicin (Doxo) via miR-491/ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2).
Methods: Non-SP and SP cells were isolated from MHCC-97L cell line using flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Colony formation assay was performed to determine the colony-formation ability of cells. Cell viability of SP cells was determined with the MTT assay. Luciferase reporter assay was applied in confirming the binding between miR-491 and ABCG2.
Results: Although the Doxo treatment lowered the colony-formation ability of both non-SP and SP cells, the colony-formation ability of SP cells was 2-fold higher than that of non-SP cells (P&lt;0.05). Doxo slightly inhibited the cell viability of SP cells in a concentration-dependent manner; the addition of ASA dramatically enhanced the inhibitory effect of Doxo on SP cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner (P&lt;0.05). Compared with non-SP cells, the miR-491 expression was significantly decreased in SP cells, which was significantly reversed by ASA (P&lt;0.05). miR-491 directly controlled the ABCG2 expression. In the presence of Doxo, miR-491 inhibitor reduced the inhibitory effect of ASA on the cell viability of SP cells, which was significantly reversed by knockdown of ABCG2 (P&lt;0.05).
Conclusion: ASA enhanced the sensitivity of SP cells to Doxo via regulating the miR-491/ABCG2 signaling pathway.
The difference in ocular lens equivalent dose to ERCP personnel between prone and left lateral decubitus positions: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Angsuwatcharakon Phonthep , Janjeurmat Worawarut , Krisanachinda Anchali , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Kongkam Pradermchai , Rerknimitr Rungsun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly performed in a prone or left lateral decubitus (LLD) position. The ocular lens equivalent doses between the two positions may be different because in the LLD position the tube voltage will automatically increase to maintain the image quality, and the increased distance between the image intensifier and the X-ray tube may result in more scattered radiation. We aimed to compare the ocular lens equivalent doses of ERCP personnel between the two different positions.
Patients and methods Fifty-five patients with ERCP indications were randomized to either prone or LLD positions. One patient in an LLD position was excluded due to technical reasons. Indications for ERCP, patients’ vertical thicknesses, fluoroscopy parameters, patients’ skin dose rates, and the ocular-lens equivalent doses of ERCP personnel were compared.
Results Baseline characteristics were no different except for vertical thickness, which was significantly higher in the LLD group. The ocular lens equivalent doses (prone vs. LLD) of the primary endoscopist (19.2 vs. 30.7 µSv, P = 0.035), and the nurse anesthetist (17.3 vs. 42.2 µSv, P = 0.002) were significantly lower in the prone group than in the LLD group. The calculated annual number of procedures not to exceed the exposure allowance in prone and LLD positions were 1,042 and 651 procedures for the primary endoscopist and 1,157 and 473 procedures for the nurse anesthetist, respectively.
Conclusions Ocular-radiation exposure to ERCP personnel was one-third lower in the prone than in LLD position. Therefore, more annual ERCPs could be performed by the personnel.