bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of dream rebound: evidence for emotion‐processing theories of dreaming
Authors: Malinowski Josie , Carr Michelle , Edwards Christopher , Ingarfill Anya , Pinto Alexandra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSuppressing thoughts often leads to a “rebound” effect, both in waking cognition (thoughts) and in sleep cognition (dreams). Rebound may be influenced by the valence of the suppressed thought, but there is currently no research on the effects of valence on dream rebound. Further, the effects of dream rebound on subsequent emotional response to a suppressed thought have not been studied before. The present experiment aimed to investigate whether emotional valence of a suppressed thought affects dream rebound, and whether dream rebound subsequently influences subjective emotional response to the suppressed thought. Participants (N = 77) were randomly assigned to a pleasant or unpleasant thought suppression condition, suppressed their target thought for 5 min pre‐sleep every evening, reported the extent to which they successfully suppressed the thought, and reported their dreams every morning for 7 days. It was found that unpleasant thoughts were more prone to dream rebound than pleasant thoughts. There was no effect of valence on the success or failure of suppression during wakefulness. Dream rebound and successful suppression were each found to have beneficial effects for subjective emotional response to both pleasant and unpleasant thoughts. The results may lend support for an emotion‐processing theory of dream function.
Molecular detection ofBartonellain fleas (Hexapoda, Siphonaptera) collected from wild rodents (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae) from Argentina
Authors: Cicuttin G. , De Salvo M. N. , Sanchez J. , Cañón C. , Lareschi M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBartonellaare facultative intracellular Gram‐negative bacteria, transmitted mainly by hematophagous arthropods, and the rodents act as a natural reservoir. Different species ofBartonellaassociated with rodents have been implicated as causing human disease. Studies from Argentina are scarce and noBartonellafrom fleas have been reported previously. The present study investigated the presence ofBartonellaspp. in fleas associated with sigmodontine rodents in four localities of the Santa Cruz Province, Argentina. In total, 51 fleas (four species) were analysed of which 41.2% were found to be positive for thegltAgene fragment via a nested polymerase chain reaction. All positive fleas were of the speciesNeotyphloceras crackensisfrom three different localities. Eight of the 21 amplified samples were sequenced, and the presence of three different genotypes was detected with an identity of 95.5–98.8% amongst themselves.Bartonellagenotypes from American rodents and rodent fleas were recovered in a monophyletic group. Similarly, most of the Peruvian and all Argentinean variants constitute a natural group sister of the American remainder. The importance of theBartonellaspp. with respect to public health is unknown, although future studies could provide evidence of the possible involvement ofN. crackensisin theBartonellatransmission cycles.
Regional anesthesia for sternotomy and bypass—Beyond the epidural
Authors: Raj Naveen 
Published: March 2019

SummarySystemic opioids have been the main stay for the management of perioperative pain in children undergoing cardiac surgery with sternotomy. The location, distribution, and duration of pain in these children have not been studied as extensively as in adults. Currently, there is no consensus to the dose of opioids required to provide optimum analgesia and attenuate the stress response while minimizing their unwanted side effects. At present there is a tendency to use lower dose aiming for early extubation and minimize opioid‐related side effects, but this may not obtund the stress response in all children. The development of chronic pain although rare when compared to adults is still a risk that needs further investigation. Regional anesthetic techniques, by blocking the afferent impulses, have been shown to be advantageous in reducing the stress response to surgery as well as pain and opioid requirements in children up to 24 hours after cardiac surgery. Central neuraxial blockades have not gained wide spread acceptance in these procedures due to the worry of hematoma, although rare, leading to catastrophic neurological outcomes. This review focuses on blocks outside the vertebral column, ie, peripheral nerve blocks, performed either in the front or the back of the chest wall to target the thoracic intercostal nerves. Techniques of ultrasound‐guided bilateral single shot paravertebral block and erector spinae block posteriorly and transversus thoracic plane block anteriorly are discussed. In addition, parasternal block and wound infiltration by surgeon as well as continuous local anesthetic infusion via catheters placed at end of procedures are summarized. Current evidence available for use of these techniques in children undergoing cardiac surgery are reviewed. These are based on small studies and case series and further studies are required to evaluate the risks and benefits of local anesthetic blocks in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
Registration‐directed phase 1/2 trial of irinotecan for pediatric solid tumors
Authors: Makimoto Atsushi , Mugishima Hideo , Taga Takashi , Ishida Yuji , Nagatoshi Yoshihisa , Ida Kohmei , Kumagai Masaaki , Kimura Toshimi , Ohashi Yasuo , Kaneko Michio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough irinotecan hydrochloride (IRI) is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for pediatric solid tumors, its indications had been off‐label in the USA, EU and Japan. Therefore, we conducted a phase 1/2 trial of IRI monotherapy in a registration‐directed setting.MethodsChildren aged 2–18 years with solid tumors who were either refractory to or relapsed after standard chemotherapy were enrolled. Phase 1 was a conventional dose escalation study to determine the dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) and the recommended dose. IRI was given i.v. on days 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10 in up to eight, 21 day cycles.ResultsThe starting dose (40 mg/m2/day) was determined to be the recommended dose because the next higher dose level (45 mg/m2/day) resulted in two cases of DLT. Seventeen children (11 in phase 1 and six in phase 2) with a refractory solid tumor received IRI. Of the 12 patients treated with 40 mg/m2/day, seven (58.3%) achieved a stable disease condition for >8 weeks.ConclusionsThe RD of IRI in this treatment schedule was 40 mg/m2/day. IRI did not cause tumor shrinkage but might help to stabilize refractory pediatric solid tumors. Based on the accumulating evidence from international studies of the efficacy of IRI against refractory pediatric solid tumors, the Japanese regulatory authority approved its use for this indication in 2011.
Trunk exercise training improves muscle size, strength, and function in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shahtahmassebi Behnaz , Hebert Jeffrey J. , Hecimovich Mark , Fairchild Timothy J. 
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multimodal exercise program to increase trunk muscle morphology and strength in older individuals, and their associated changes in functional ability. Using a single‐blinded parallel‐group randomized controlled trial design, 64 older adults (≥60 years) were randomly allocated to a 12‐week exercise program comprising walking and balance exercises with or without trunk strengthening/motor control exercises; followed by a 6‐week walking‐only program (detraining; 32 per group). Trunk muscle morphology (ultrasound imaging), strength (isokinetic dynamometer), and functional ability and balance (6‐Minute Walk Test; 30 second Chair Stand Test; Sitting and Rising Test; Berg Balance Scale, Multi‐Directional Reach Test; Timed Up and Go; Four Step Square Test) were the primary outcome measures. Sixty‐four older adults (mean [SD]; age: 69.8 [7.5] years; 59.4% female) were randomized into two exercise groups. Trunk training relative to walking‐balance training increased (mean difference [95% CI]) the size of the rectus abdominis (2.08 [1.29, 2.89] cm2), lumbar multifidus (L4/L5:0.39 [0.16, 0.61] cm; L5/S1:0.31 [0.07, 0.55] cm), and the lateral abdominal musculature (0.63 [0.40, 0.85] cm); and increased trunk flexion (29.8 [4.40, 55.31] N), extension (37.71 [15.17, 60.25] N), and lateral flexion (52.30 [36.57, 68.02] N) strength. Trunk training relative to walking‐balance training improved 30‐second Chair Stand Test (5.90 [3.39, 8.42] repetitions), Sitting and Rising Test (1.23 [0.24, 2.23] points), Forward Reach Test (4.20 [1.89, 6.51] cm), Backward Reach Test (2.42 [0.33, 4.52] cm), and Timed Up and Go Test (−0.76 [−1.40, −0.13] seconds). Detraining led to some declines but all outcomes remained significantly improved when compared to pre‐training. These findings support the inclusion of trunk strengthening/motor control exercises as part of a multimodal exercise program for older adults.
The Power of Place? Testing the Geographic Determinants of African‐American and White Voter Turnout*
Authors: Zingher Joshua N. , Moore Eric M. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis article evaluates the geographic determinants of both white and African‐American voter turnout in presidential elections. We argue that perceptions of threat posed by African Americans influence white turnout, although the possibility of interracial contact can ameliorate these attitudes. Conversely, we contend the size of the co‐racial population and segregation drives variations in African‐American turnout.MethodWe utilize geographic information systems (ArcGIS) mapping software in conjunction with Census and turnout data from the state of Louisiana. We test our hypotheses using a series of hierarchical linear regressions.ResultsWe find that African‐American turnout is highest in parishes where African Americans represent a majority and segregation levels are low. White turnout is highest among whites in racially segregated, predominately white precincts.ConclusionWe conclude that different demographic factors drive variations in white and African‐American turnout.
Platelet transfusion thresholds in premature neonates (PlaNeT‐2 trial)
Authors: Estcourt L. J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryClinical questionDoes transfusing platelets to preterm infants (< 34 weeks) at a higher platelet count threshold count (< 50 x 109/L) reduce the risk of major bleeding or death compared to only transfusing platelets when the platelet count drops below 25 x 109/L.Evidence from trialPreterm infants with a low platelet count who were transfused platelets at the higher platelet count threshold had a higher risk of dying or having a major bleed than those who were not. The reasons why this occurred are currently unclear.
Prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions with intravenous immunoglobulin prophylaxis in U– patients with anti‐U
Authors: Win Nay , Almusawy Muhsin , Fitzgerald Loraine , Hannah Guy , Bullock Tom 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDThe U– phenotype is extremely rare and is found predominantly in black African populations at a frequency of between 0.2 and 1.7%. In European populations, U– units are therefore rare, with limited availability in the United Kingdom. Anti‐U is clinically significant and is known to cause hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. It has been suggested that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may be considered as an option among supportive therapy for urgent transfusion when clinically significant antigen‐matched units are not available. We report three cases with anti‐U transfused with least‐incompatible RBC units, their outcomes, and their clinical management.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIntravenous immunoglobulin was prescribed when least‐incompatible units must be issued in patients with anti‐U to ameliorate acute HTR and prevent the development of delayed HTR. We report the outcome of these cases.RESULTSOf the case reports described, one patient with weak anti‐U developed a delayed HTR after transfusion with incompatible units due to an anamnestic response. Two additional patients are described, with the use of IVIG as a precautionary measure to prevent the development of HTRs when transfused with antigen‐positive incompatible units. No acute HTRs or delayed HTRs were noted upon follow‐up.CONCLUSIONU– units are not always readily available and transfusion support requires close collaborative working among a multidisciplinary team. Transfusion with antigen‐positive incompatible units with IVIG cover both ameliorates acute HTRs and prevents the development of delayed HTRs.
Risk factors, characteristics, and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs and cats: 54 cases
Authors: Boiron Ludivine , Hopper Kate , Borchers Angela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the clinical features of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), risk factors, and outcome in dogs and cats. The study also aimed to evaluate the current veterinary criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS by comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria with necropsy findings.DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsFifty‐four client‐owned animals, 46 dogs and 8 cats.InterventionsMedical records were reviewed for patients with the diagnosis of ARDS based on previously published clinical criteria or necropsy diagnosis. Signalment, clinical findings, and outcome were recorded.Measurements and Main ResultsAnimals were grouped according to a clinical or necropsy diagnosis: 43/54 (80%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on clinical criteria (group 1) and 11/54 (20%) were diagnosed with ARDS based on necropsy only (group 2). In group 1, 22/43 (51%) had a necropsy, which confirmed ARDS in 12/22 (54%). Direct (pulmonary) causes of ARDS were more common than indirect causes in dogs, while cats had a similar occurrence of direct and indirect causes. The most common risk factors identified in dogs were aspiration pneumonia (42%), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (29%), and shock (29%). All cats diagnosed clinically with ARDS had SIRS with or without sepsis. Of the animals with a clinical diagnosis of ARDS, 49% received mechanical ventilation and 58% received treatment (with or without mechanical ventilation) for 24 hours or longer. The overall case fatality rate was 84% in dogs and 100% in cats.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAs described in human literature, pneumonia was the most common risk factor in dogs with ARDS, whereas it was SIRS for the cat population. The high mortality rate and discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and necropsy findings may highlight limitations in the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of ARDS and treatment in dogs and cats.
Acute barium poisoning in a dog after ingestion of handheld fireworks (party sparklers)
Authors: Stanley Monique K. , Kelers Kylie , Boller Elise , Boller Manuel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report a case of acute barium poisoning in a dog subsequent to ingestion of a common handheld pyrotechnic (sparkler).Case summaryA 5‐year‐old female neutered German Shorthaired Pointer presented with acute onset of generalized flaccid muscle paralysis and fasciculations, ptyalism, and an irregular heart rhythm. Marked hypokalemia (1.9 mmol/L [mEq/L]; reference range [3.5–5.8 mmol/L [mEq/L]), acidemia (pH 7.20; reference range 7.38–7.44), and hypoventilation (PvCO2 55 mm Hg; reference range 40–50 mm Hg) were present on admission. Treatment consisted of fluid therapy, aggressive IV potassium chloride supplementation, gastric lavage, and oral magnesium sulfate administration. Based on history and clinical presentation, barium intoxication after ingestion of handheld firework (sparklers) was suspected and a serum sample was submitted for barium analysis. The serum barium concentration determined by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry was 2,000 μg/L, a 3 orders of magnitude elevation above previously reported normal values in dogs. Within 18 hours of admission, the clinical signs resolved and the blood potassium concentration normalized. The animal was discharged home 36 hours after admission. On follow‐up performed after 1 and 5 years, no health issues were apparent.New information providedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of acute, life‐threatening barium toxicosis characterized by flaccid paralysis, acidemia, and severe hypokalemia occurring in a dog after ingestion of a popular pyrotechnic (sparkler) containing barium nitrate. Clinical signs may resolve within 24 hours with appropriate supportive care including aggressive potassium supplementation and chelation therapy.
Blood bank preparedness for mass casualty incidents and disasters: a pilot study in the Piedmont region, Italy
Authors: Caramello Valeria , Camerini Odetta , Ricceri Fulvio , Ottone Piero , Mascaro Gennaro , Chianese Rosa , Bodas Moran , Bierens Joost , Della Corte Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesBlood is a critical resource for responding to mass casualty incidents (MCI). The main framework for transfusion preparedness is the American Association of Blood Bank (AABB) Disaster Operation Handbook. A disaster preparedness plan for co‐ordinated blood supply was issued in Italy in 2016.AimTo assess the level of preparedness of the Transfusion Centers (TS) in the Piedmont region, to evaluate the applicability of AABB checklist and to evaluate the application of the Italian plan.Materials and MethodsWe surveyed all the Regional Transfusion Centers (TS) using the AABB checklist, addressing 74 priority action items grouped according to 16 preparedness domains. The Italian 2016 plan has been considered the regulatory cut‐off and hospitals were stratified based on the type and the TS workload. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to summarize the variance among centres.ResultsTwenty‐one out of 25 TS agreed to participate. Eighty‐one % were at high and 18% were at medium level of preparedness. All but two centres were above the cut‐off determined by the Italian law. A significant better preparedness was found in medium size hospitals compared to bigger and smaller hospitals. Other than that, the different TS showed a quite homogeneous distribution of preparedness variance.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a good level of preparedness in the Piemonte TS, above the Italian law requirements in the majority of TS. The AABB checklist could be used to highlight gaps and needs in the regional TS networks in case of emergency crisis.
Association of Physical Activity With Urinary Incontinence in Older Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Faleiro Deise J.A. , Menezes Enaiane C. , Capeletto Eduardo , Fank Felipe , Porto Rafaela M. , Mazo Giovana Z. 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence on the association of physical activity with urinary incontinence in older women. Design: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and ScienceDirect. Observational studies were included. The following search terms were used: urinary incontinence, older adult, and physical activity. Methodological quality was assessed using the checklist proposed by Downs and Black. Results: Ten articles were included. Sedentary lifestyle and <150 min/week of physical activity are at risk of developing urinary incontinence. Walking (at least 30 min) and physical activities (600–1,500 and 600 METs/min per week) prevent urinary incontinence. Seven of the 10 studies indicated a good level of methodological quality. Conclusions: Sedentary lifestyle is at risk of urinary incontinence, and walking, moderate and vigorous physical activities are associated with prevention of urinary incontinence.
Comparison of Muscle Activity Using Unstable Devices During a Forward Lunge
Authors: Bouillon Lucinda E. , Hofener Michael , O’Donnel Andrew , Milligan Amanda , Obrock Craig 
Published: March 2019

Context: Unstable devices in various forms are used as therapeutic adjuncts for prevention or following an injury. A slip-over-the-shoe design with inflatable domes (STEPRIGHT® Stability Trainer) was developed to improve balance. It is unknown how this unstable device affects muscle activity during a closed-chain exercise such as the forward lunge. Objective: To compare muscle activity across 3 surfaces (STEPRIGHT®, Both Sides Up [BOSU®] Balance Trainer, and firm) during a forward lunge. Design: Within-subject, repeated measures. Setting: University physical therapy research laboratory. Participants: A total of 20 healthy, recreationally active subjects (23.4 [1.47] y, 172.7 [14.7] cm, 71.6 [16.8] kg). Intervention: Each subject performed 1 set of 10 repetitions of forward lunge exercise in random order with STEPRIGHT®, BOSU®, and firm surface. Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography data, normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contractions (%MVIC), was used to assess muscle activity on rectus femoris, vastus medialis oblique (VMO), biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior. Results: The repeated-measures analysis of variance determined that there was a significant effect for surface type. During the descent of the lunge, the STEPRIGHT® elicited higher rectus femoris (33% [27%] MVIC) compared with BOSU® (22% [14%] MVIC) and VMO (44% [15%] MVIC) on STEPRIGHT® compared with firm (38% [11%] MVIC) (P < .05). During the ascent of the lunge, the rectus femoris (38% [27%] MVIC) using STEPRIGHT® was higher than BOSU® (24% [16%] MVIC), and STEPRIGHT® elicited higher VMO (65% [20%] MVIC) versus BOSU® (56% [19%] MVIC) (P ≤ .01). The STEPRIGHT® for fibularis longus was higher (descent: 51% [20%] MVIC, ascent: 52% [22%] MVIC) than BOSU® (descent: 36% [15%] MVIC, ascent: 33% [16%] MVIC) or firm (descent: 33% [12%] MVIC, ascent: 35% [15%] MVIC) (P < .001). Conclusions: Clinicians may choose to use the STEPRIGHT® for strengthening VMO and fibularis longus muscles, as these were over 41% MVIC or any of the 3 surfaces for endurance training (<25% MVIC) for biceps femoris muscle. This information may be helpful in exercise dosage for forward lunges when using STEPRIGHT®, BOSU®, or a firm surface.
Self-Myofascial Release of the Superficial Back Line Improves Sit-and-Reach Distance
Authors: Williams Whitney , Selkow Noelle M. 
Published: March 2019

Context: Decreased hamstring flexibility can lead to a plethora of musculoskeletal injuries, including low back pain, hamstring strains, and patellofemoral pain. Lack of flexibility may be the result of myofascial adhesions. The fascia connected to the hamstrings is part of the superficial back line that runs from the cranium to the plantar aspect of the foot. Any disruption along this chain may limit the flexibility of the hamstring. Objective: To investigate if self-myofascial release (SMR) of the plantar surface of the foot in addition to the hamstring group was more effective at improving the flexibility of the hamstrings when compared with either intervention alone. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Athletic training facility. Participants: Fifteen college students (5 males and 10 females; age: 20.9 [1.4] y, height: 173.1 [10.3] cm, mass: 80.0 [24.9] kg) who were not older than 30, with no history of low back pain or injury within the past 6 months, no history of leg pain or injury within the past 6 months, no current signs or symptoms of cervical or lumbar radicular pain, no current complaint of numbness or tingling in the lower-extremity, and no history of surgery in the lower-extremity or legs. Interventions: Each participant received each intervention separated by at least 96 hours in a randomized order: hamstring foam rolling, lacrosse ball on the plantar surface of the foot, and a combination of both. Main Outcome Measures: The sit-and-reach test evaluated hamstring flexibility of each participant before and immediately after each intervention. Results: There were no significant differences found among the SMR techniques on sit-and-reach distance (F2,41 = 2.7, P = .08, ). However, at least 20% of participants in each intervention improved sit-and-reach distance by 2.5 cm. Conclusions: SMR may improve sit-and-reach distance, but one technique of SMR does not seem to be superior to another.