bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-9 Effect of avilamycin on nursery pig performance and health
Authors: Thompson Robyn , Greiner Laura , Graham Amanda , Knopf Brandon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Four hundred (PIC 337 X Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) and 800 (PIC 359 X C29) barrows and gilts were used to determine the impact of avilamycin (Kavault®, Elanco, Greenfield, IN) on nursery pig performance. Upon weaning, the lightest 10% of pigs were sorted off to form one replication and the remaining pigs were sorted by sex and placed into blocks with 25 pigs/pen. Six of the 48 pens were assigned to a non-feed grade medication control treatment. Remaining blocks were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (50 g Mecadox/ton, 73 g Kavault/ton d0 to d21, 73 g Kavault/ton d0 to d42). Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) recommendations. Pen weights and feed intake information were collected for calculation of ADG, ADFI, and F:G. Pigs were vaccinated against porcine circovirus, Mycoplasma hyopnuemoniae, Salmonella, and Lawsonia. Diagnostic samples showed presence of E. coli and Salmonella. Pigs were PRRSv and PEDv negative. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS with pen as experimental unit and treatment as a fixed effect. LSMeans were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05 and considered a trend at P > 0.05 and P ≤ 0.10. Final body weight (d42) was not significantly different (P = 0.26), but there were numerical improvements in body weight for all medication treatments compared to the control (0.68, 0.68, and 1.5 kg for Mecadox, Kavault 21 d and Kavault 42 d respectively). Overall ADG (0.46, 0.45, 0.48, 0.45 kg, respectively) was greatest and F:G was lowest for the Kavault 42d treatment, although differences were not always significant (P > 0.05). Feeding medications numerically lowered the percentage of injectable medication intervention compared to controls (110.8, 12.7, 137.2, and 156.0%, respectively). Avilamycin appears to be an effective medication option for pigs in 42 d nursery programs but the anticipated response may differ depending on feeding duration.
PSI-11 Anti-inflammatory treatment modifies epigenetics changes to muscle tissue caused by altered nutrient demand in early lactation dairy cows
Authors: Cromer Carrie E , Ylioja Caroline M , Garcia Miriam , Mamedova Laman K , Bradford Barry J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Short-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to alter whole-lactation milk yield; perhaps because epigenetic modifications are responsible for long-term effects, although mechanisms are unclear. Altered nutrient demand due to fasting or exercise in other species has been shown to affect DNA methylation in muscle tissue. Our objective was to determine if NSAID treatment or alterations to nutrient demand have epigenetic effects on muscle tissue in early lactation. In this study, 33 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled at parturition and randomly assigned to milking frequency (MF; 1× or 3×/day), and either sodium salicylate (SS; 2.3 g/L administered via drinking water) or control (CTL; molasses carrier alone) treatment in a 2×2 factorial design, beginning ~24 h postpartum. Milking frequency treatments were designed to alter nutrient demand, and 3× milked increased milk yield by 24%. After 5 days of treatment, tissue biopsies were collected from the Longissimus dorsi muscle and snap-frozen. DNA was isolated and global methylation (GM) was assessed with a 5-methylcytosine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An interaction between MF and SS treatment was detected (P = 0.02), with GM of muscle tissue decreased by more frequent milking only in the CTL cows (4.9 and 1.4 ± 1.0% of DNA methylated for 1× and 3×, respectively; P < 0.001). No effect of MF was detected in SS-treated cows (2.9 and 2.4 ± 1.0% of DNA methylated for 1× and 3×, respectively; P > 0.1). Observed changes to DNA methylation in muscle tissue due to altered nutrient supply are consistent with results reported after fasting and exercise. Additionally, increased demand for milk component precursors in 3×-milked cows may alter the availability of methyl donors for DNA methylation. Our data support a link between SS and epigenetic changes, but further research is needed to determine how SS may have altered the muscle DNA methylation response to nutrient demand.
PSI-12 Performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef heifers managed in a bedded hoop barn versus an open feedlot in Central Missouri
Authors: Luebbering Heather R , Pettig George R , Shanks Bruce C , Markway Jeremia J , Kramer Matt J , Groose Eric G , Moeller Doug , Boeckmann Chris L , Wilbers Luke S , Caldwell James D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There is strong interest in feeding cattle in Missouri, but climatic extremes warrant exploring indoor management systems. Therefore, our objective was to compare performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef heifers managed in a bedded hoop barn versus an open feedlot. On February 14, 2018, a total of 60 (297.5 ± 34.53 kg BW) crossbred beef heifers were allocated randomly to two pens (4.8 m2 per head) in a hoop-barn (Indoor; n = 30) and to two pens (27 m2 per head) in an open feedlot (Outdoor; n = 30). Heifers had ad libitum access to a commercial feedlot ration and water. Heifers were weighed at the start, approximately every 30 d, and at the end of the study and then were transported and harvested in two groups based on visual BF evaluation at a commercial abattoir. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS. Start and final BW and final gain did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) between treatments. However, d 28 BW, final ADG, and d 119 gain tended (P ≤ 0.12) to be greater from Indoor compared to Outdoor. Also, d 58, d 89, and d 119 BW and d 28, d 58, d 89, and d 119 ADG, and d 28, d 58, and d 89 gain were greater (P ≤ 0.07) from Indoor compared to Outdoor. All carcass measurements were similar (P ≥ 0.40) between treatments. Therefore, finishing cattle in a bedded hoop barn may improve some performance measurements without impacting carcass quality and yield attributes. Hoop barns appear to be a viable consideration for finishing beef cattle in Missouri. This project was funded by the Missouri Department of Agriculture’s Missouri Agricultural Foundation Beef Initiative Grant Program.
PSI-16 Sow parity structure and body condition measurements throughout lactation and relationship to piglet growth
Authors: Cervantes Miguel A , Garcia Michelle R , Keel Brittney N , Oliver William T , Wells James E , Rempel Lea A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Energy demands during lactation can greatly influence sow body condition and piglet performance. Therfore, it was hypothesized that primiparous sows would have reduced sow body condition measurements and piglet growth. Eight weekly farrowing seasons (N=157 dams) were used to evaluate sow body condition (Post Farrowing; PF to Weaning; WN) and piglet growth. Final number of white composite sows within parity were as follows: Parity 1(P1), 62; P2, 50; P3, 30; and P4, 15. Body condition was measured at PF and WN using sow calipers (last rib and hip) and 10th rib ultrasound. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by caliper. Piglets were weighed at Day 0 PF (D0), D10, WN, and D45. All data were analyzed using mixed models and reported as LSM ± SE. Fat sows at WN (last rib or hip) had the lightest (P < 0.05; Table 1) piglets at D10 and WN. However at D45, piglets from fat sows were heavier than piglets from moderate and thin sows(P < 0.05; Table 1). At WN, piglets from P1 sows weighed the least (P < 0.05; Table 1). Parity 4 sows had greater hip caliper measurement compared to P1 sows(P < 0.05; 15.5 ± 0.389 vs 13.92 ± 0.215). Sows had similiar (P > 0.10) PF last rib caliper measurements but at WN, P1 sows had the smallest caliper measurements compared to other parities (P < 0.05). Paraties 1, 2, and 3 sows had similiar (P > 0.10) loin eye area at PF; however, at WN P1 sows had the smallest loin eye area (P < 0.05; 38.2 ± 0.63 cm2). Parity 1 sows had the greatest (P < 0.05) reduction of backfat and loin eye area over the lactation period (-2.9 ± 0.31 mm and -2.6 ± 0.49 cm2, respectively). In conclusion, fat sows, had similar or smaller piglets throughout lactation, but by D45 piglet weights surpassed moderate and thin caliper groups.
Impact of Planting Date on Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Population Dynamics and Grain Sorghum Yield
Authors: Seiter Nicholas J , Miskelley Anne D , Lorenz Gus M , Joshi Neelendra K , Studebaker Glenn E , Kelley Jason P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), has become a major pest of grain sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, in the United States in recent years. Feeding by large densities of sugarcane aphids causes severe damage, which can lead to a total loss of yield in extreme cases. Our objective was to determine the effect of grain sorghum planting date on sugarcane aphid population dynamics and their potential to reduce yields. We conducted field experiments from 2015 to 2017 in which an aphid-susceptible grain sorghum hybrid was planted at four different dates, which encompassed the typical range of planting dates used in Arkansas production systems. Plots were either protected from sugarcane aphid feeding using foliar insecticide sprays, or left untreated to allow natural populations of sugarcane aphids to colonize and reproduce freely. Planting date impacted both the magnitude and severity of sugarcane aphid infestations, with the highest population densities (and subsequent reductions in sorghum yield) generally occurring on plots that were planted in May or June. Sugarcane aphid feeding reduced yields in the untreated plots in two of the four planting date categories we tested. Earlier planting generally resulted in less sugarcane aphid damage and improved yields compared with later planting dates. While the effect of planting date on sugarcane aphid populations is likely to vary by region, sorghum producers should consider grain sorghum planting date as a potential cultural tactic to reduce the impact of sugarcane aphid.
Evaluation of Residue Levels of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam After Foliar Application to the Citrus Varieties Lane Late, Valencia Late, Rohde Summer, and Nules
Authors: Martínez-Ferrer María Teresa , Campos-Rivela José Miguel , Hernando-Guil María Dolores , García-Valcárcel Ana Isabel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeonicotinoids are used to protect citrus trees against pests. Dissipation and persistence of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar of citrus trees after foliar applications and their potential exposure to pollinators have not been well characterized. Field studies were conducted using three orange and one mandarin varieties to compare the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam residue levels and their decline in pollen and nectar after treatments in pre-bloom close to flowering period and their persistence 1 yr after treatment. The possible risk to honeybees was assessed. In nectar, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid residues were between 61 and 99% lower than in pollen, depending on the citrus variety or/and the days after treatment when applied close to blooming. At the end of the flowering period, imidacloprid in pollen and nectar was not detected in the mandarin variety after treatment in pre-bloom, whereas for thiamethoxam, no residues were detected in nectar but 10 ng/g was detected in pollen. There were no quantifiable levels of residues for either neonicotinoids in pollen or nectar during the flowering period of the following year. Neonicotinoid residue levels and their decline in nectar and pollen in citrus depended on the timing of applications relative to flowering and on the citrus variety. The absence of neonicotinoid residues 1 yr out after foliar applications in all varieties assayed demonstrated that none of the neonicotinoids tested were persistent. The results could be different in other citrus varieties, and therefore, also the exposure assessment for managed pollinators.
FTLD-TDP With and Without GRN Mutations Cause Different Patterns of CA1 Pathology
Authors: Mao Qinwen , Zheng Xiaojing , Gefen Tamar , Rogalski Emily , Spencer Callen L , Rademakers Rosa , Fought Angela J , Kohler Missia , Weintraub Sandra , Xia Haibin , Mesulam Marek-Marsel , Bigio Eileen H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the GRN gene lead to progranulin (PGRN) haploinsufficiency and cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology type A (FTLD-TDP type A). PGRN is a highly conserved, secreted glycoprotein and functions in the central nervous system as a key modulator of microglial function. Hence, altered microglial function caused by PGRN deficiency may be tied to the pathogenesis of FTLD-TDP. Our previous studies showed that haploinsufficiency of GRN mutations extends to microglial PGRN expression in the hippocampal CA1 region. In this study, we found that the CA1 sector was associated with less neuronal loss and more frequent TDP-43 inclusions in FTLD-TDP type A cases with GRN mutations than in sporadic cases. In addition, the CA1 region in GRN mutation cases contained more rod-like microglia, which also had reduced PGRN expression. These findings suggest that the profile of TDP-43 inclusions, neuronal number, and microgliosis in the CA1 sector of FTLD-TDP type A cases may be influenced by GRN gene expression status.
Glioneuronal Tumor With Features of Ganglioglioma and Neurocytoma Arising in the Fourth Ventricle: A Report of 2 Unusual Cases and a Review of Infratentorial Gangliogliomas
Authors: Harrison William , Elsamadicy Aladine A , McMahon J Tanner , Chagoya Gustavo , Sobel Raymond A , McLendon Roger E , Adamson Cory 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Infratentorial glioneuronal neoplasms are overall quite rare and are more commonly low-grade with surgical excision usually being curative. Multiple distinct histologic entities have been described including rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor, papillary glioneuronal tumor, neurocytoma, dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos disease), cerebellar liponeurocytoma, and ganglioglioma. While each of these entities has distinct findings, in some instances a tumor may demonstrate overlapping histologic features with mixed components. Herein, we report 2 unusual adult cases of a fourth ventricular glioneuronal tumor with features of ganglioglioma and neurocytoma, with one coming from a surgical resection and one found incidentally at autopsy. To the best of our knowledge, this specific histologic combination has not previously been described. As such, the clinical significance is unknown although in both cases the neoplasms were circumscribed and appeared to be low grade. The presence of the gangliogliomatous component was of particular interest since these are extremely rare occurrences in the fourth ventricle and we provide a comprehensive review of infratentorial gangliogliomas.
Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Hospitalized Children for Noninfectious Indications
Authors: Jaggi Preeti , Hamdy Rana F , Lee Brian , Hersh Adam L , Gerber Jeffrey S , Sharland Mike , Terrill Cindy , Newland Jason G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this point-prevalence study of 32 US children’s hospitals, we determined that 1.7% of hospitalized children received at least 1 antimicrobial agent for a non–infection-related reason; macrolides were used most commonly. Antimicrobial stewardship efforts to understand and affect use for these reasons is an unmet need; additional research considering the individual and societal effects of these antimicrobial-prescribing practices should be undertaken.
Highly aggressive undifferentiated small round blue cell tumor of foot with unique SMARCA1, KAT6A and NAV3 mutations
Authors: Parsa Cyrus , Orlando Robert , Marcus Michael , Guo Jin , Rupani Ravin 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Malignancies characterized histologically by high-grade monotonous small round blue cells (SRBCs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms often referred to as Ewing family of tumors. The most common molecular confirmation of these neoplasms is by fusions between EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 and the ETS family of transcription factors, including FLI1 gene (11q24) and the ERG (21q22), that are implicated in the development of different tissues as well as cancer progression. In this article, we present a case of highly aggressive extraskeletal SRBC tumor involving the foot of a 24-year-old male with sole molecular findings of mutations in KAT6A, NAV3 and SMARCA1 genes with high expression of soft tissue markers (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1) and MYC mRNA. To our knowledge, this unique mutational pattern has not previously been described in SRBCs.
The formation of habitable planets in the four-planet system HD 141399
Authors: Dvorak R , Loibnegger B , Zhou L Y , Zhou L 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The presented work investigates the possible formation of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone (HZ) of the exoplanetary system HD 141399. In this system, the HZ is located approximately between the planets c (a = 0.7 au) and d (a = 2.1 au). Extensive numerical integrations of the equations of motion in the pure Newtonian framework of small bodies with different initial conditions in the HZ are performed. Our investigations included several steps starting with 500 massless bodies distributed between planets c and d in order to model the development of the disc of small bodies. It turns out that after some 106 yr, a belt-like structure analogue to the main belt inside Jupiter in our Solar system appears. We then proceed with giving the small bodies masses (∼ Moon mass) and take into account the gravitational interaction between these planetesimal-like objects. The growing of the objects – with certain percentage of water – due to collisions is computed in order to look for the formation of terrestrial planets. We observe that planets form in regions connected to mean motion resonances (MMR). So far there is no observational evidence of terrestrial planets in the system of HD 141399 but from our results we can conclude that the formation of terrestrial planets – even with an appropriate amount of water necessary for being habitable – in the HZ would have been possible.
Cyanoacetylene in the outflow/hot molecular core G331.512−0.103
Authors: Duronea N U , Bronfman L , Mendoza E , Merello M , Finger R , Reyes N , Hervías-Caimapo C , Faure A , Cappa C E , Arnal E M , Lépine J R D , Kleiner I , Nyman L-Å 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Using APEX-1 and APEX-2 observations, we have detected and studied the rotational lines of the HC3N molecule (cyanoacetylene) in the powerful outflow/hot molecular core G331.512−0.103. We identified 31 rotational lines at J levels between 24 and 39; 17 of them in the ground vibrational state v = 0 (9 lines corresponding to the main C isotopologue and 8 lines corresponding to the 13C isotopologues), and 14 in the lowest vibrationally excited state v7 = 1. Using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE)-based population diagrams for the beam-diluted v = 0 transitions, we determined Texc = 85 ± 4 K and N(HC3N) = (6.9 ± 0.8) × 1014 cm−2, while for the beam-diluted v7 = 1 transitions we obtained Texc = 89 ± 10 K and N(HC3N) = (2 ± 1) × 1015 cm−2. Non-LTE calculations using H2 collision rates indicate that the HC3N emission is in good agreement with LTE-based results. From the non-LTE method, we estimated Tkin ≃90 K, n(H2) ≃ 2 × 107 cm−3 for a central core of 6 arcsec in size. A vibrational temperature in the range from 130 to 145 K was also determined, values which are very likely lower limits. Our results suggest that rotational transitions are thermalized, while infrared radiative pumping processes are probably more efficient than collisions in exciting the molecule to the vibrationally excited state v7 = 1. Abundance ratios derived under LTE conditions for the 13C isotopologues suggest that the main formation pathway of HC3N is C2H2 + CN → HC3N + H.
Origins of scaling relations of globular cluster systems
Authors: Choksi Nick , Gnedin Oleg Y 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Globular cluster (GC) systems demonstrate tight scaling relations with the properties of their host galaxies. In previous work, we developed an analytic model for GC formation in a cosmological context that matches nearly all of these observed scaling relations. Here, we apply our model to investigate in detail the physical origins and evolution of these scaling relations. The ratio of the combined mass in GCs MGC to the host dark matter halo mass Mh is nearly constant at all redshifts, but its normalization evolves by a factor of ∼10 from birth to z = 0. The relation is steeper than linear at halo masses $M_{\mathrm{h}}\lesssim 10^{11.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, primarily due to non-linearity in the stellar mass–halo mass relation. The near constancy of the ratio MGC/Mh, combined with the shape of the stellar mass–halo mass relation, sets the characteristic U shape of the GC specific frequency as a function of host galaxy mass. The contribution of accreted satellite galaxies to the buildup of GC systems is a strong function of the host galaxy mass, ranging from ≈0 per cent at $M_{\mathrm{h}}\approx 10^{11} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ to 80 per cent at $M_{\mathrm{h}}\approx 10^{15} \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The metal-poor clusters are significantly more likely to form ex situ relative to the metal-rich clusters, but a substantial fraction of metal-poor clusters still form in situ in lower mass galaxies. Cluster formation occurs essentially continuously at high redshift, while at low redshift galactic mergers become increasingly important for cluster formation. Consequently, although major mergers form clusters efficiently, they are too rare to form most clusters.
Systematic errors in Gaia DR2 astrometry and their impact on measurements of internal kinematics of star clusters
Authors: Vasiliev Eugene 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We use stellar proper motions (PM) from Gaia Data Release 2 for studying the internal kinematics of Milky Way globular clusters. In addition to statistical measurement errors, there are significant spatially correlated systematic errors, which cannot be ignored when studying the internal kinematics. We develop a mathematically consistent procedure for incorporating the spatial correlations in any model-fitting approach, and use it to determine rotation and velocity dispersion profiles of a few dozen clusters. We confirm detection of rotation in the sky plane for ∼10 clusters reported in previous studies, and discover a few more clusters with rotation amplitudes exceeding ∼0.05 mas yr−1. However, in more than half of these cases the significance of this rotation signature is rather low when taking into account the systematic errors. We find that the PM dispersion is not sensitive to systematic errors in PM, however, it is quite sensitive to the selection criteria on the input sample, most importantly, in crowded central regions. When using the cleanest possible samples, PM dispersion can be reliably measured down to 0.1 mas yr−1 for ∼60 clusters.