bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eleven years’ experience with Intrathecal Baclofen – Complications, risk factors
Authors: Pucks‐Faes Elke , Hitzenberger Gabriel , Matzak Heinrich , Fava Elena , Verrienti Giulio , Laimer Ilse , Fritz Josef , Saltuari Leopold 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTreatment with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is commonly used in patients with severe spasticity. However, complications may occur after implantation of the ITB‐device, albeit mainly procedure‐ and device‐related problems. The aim of the study was to assess surgical‐ as well as catheter‐ and pump‐related complications and define their risk factors.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all patients with an implanted ITB‐device who were treated at the Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria, between 2006 and 2016.ResultsTwenty‐nine of 116 (25%) patients experienced 32 complications: 5 procedure‐ and 27 device‐related (4 pump‐ and 23 catheter‐associated) problems occurred. Risk factors for sustaining any complication were a spinal localization of lesion (odds ratio [OR] OR 2.71, p = .021), other catheter types than an Ascenda® catheter (OR 3.87, p = .041), a lower modified Rankin Scale (median 4 vs. 5; OR 2.86, p = .015) and a higher Barthel Index (median 53 vs. 0; OR 2.84, p = .006). The median time from the last ITB‐related surgery to the first complication was 18 (IQR 1‐57) months. Overall, 47% complications occurred within the first year after any surgical procedure regarding the ITB‐device, thereof 25% within the first month.ConclusionsProcedure‐ and device‐related complications are frequent after implantation of an ITB‐device with catheter‐associated complications as the most frequently encountered problems. Patients with a spinal origin of spasticity, a lower modified Rankin Scale and a higher Barthel Index have a higher risk to sustain a complication.
In vitro studies on the degradation of poly(cis‐1,4‐isoprene)
Authors: Andler R. , Altenhoff A.‐L. , Mäsing F. , Steinbüchel A. 
Published: March 2018

Cleavage of the backbone of poly(cis‐1,4‐isoprene) (IR) in solid rubber material was accomplished by the addition of partially purified latex clearing protein (Lcp1VH2) using a 200‐mL enzyme reactor. Two strategies for the addition of Lcp1VH2 were studied revealing that the daily addition of 50 µg mL−1 of Lcp1VH2 for 5 days was clearly a more efficient regime in comparison to a one‐time addition of 250 µg of Lcp1VH2 at the beginning. Soluble oligo(cis‐1,4‐isoprene) molecules occurred as degradation products and were identified by ESI‐MS and GPC. Oxygenase activity of Lcp1VH2 with solid IR particles as substrate was shown for the first time by measuring the oxygen consumption in the reaction medium. A strong decrease of the dissolved oxygen concentration was detected at the end of the assay, which indicates an increase in the number of cleavage reactions. The oligo(cis‐1,4‐isoprene) molecules comprised 1 to 11 isoprene units and exhibited an average molecular weight (Mn) of 885 g mol−1. Isolation of the oligo(cis‐1,4‐isoprene) molecules was achieved by using silica gel column chromatography. The relative quantification of the isolated products was performed by HPLC‐MS after derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenilhydrazyne yielding a concentration of total degradation products of 1.62 g L−1. Analysis of the polymer surface in samples incubated for 3 days with Lcp1VH2 via ATR‐FTIR indicated the presence of carbonyl groups, which occurred upon the cleavage reaction. This study presents a cell‐free bioprocess as an alternative rubber treatment that can be applied for the partial degradation of the polymer. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:890–899, 2018
Development of generic raman models for a GS‐KOTM CHO platform process
Authors: Webster Thaddaeus A. , Hadley Brian C. , Hilliard William , Jaques Colin , Mason Carrie 
Published: March 2018

The monitoring and control of bioprocesses is of the utmost importance in order to provide a consistent, safe, and high‐quality product for consumers. Current monitoring and control schemes rely on infrequent and time consuming offline sampling methods, which inherently leads to some variability in the process which may impact the product quality profile. As part of Lonza's dedication to process analytical technology (PAT) initiatives this study evaluated the ability to generate generic calibration models, which are independent of the cell line, using Raman probes to monitor changes in glucose, lactate, glutamate, ammonium, viable cell concentration (VCC), total cell concentration (TCC) and product concentration. Calibration models were developed from cell culture using two different CHOK1SV GS‐KOTM cell lines producing different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Developed predictive models, measured changes in glucose, lactate, ammonium, VCC, and TCC with average prediction errors of 0.44, 0.23, 0.03 g L−1, 1.90 × 106 cells mL−1, and 1.85 × 106 cells mL−1, respectively over the course of cell culture with minimal cell line dependence. The development of these generic models allows the application of spectroscopic PAT techniques in clinical and commercial manufacturing environments, where processes are typically run once or twice in GMP manufacturing based on a common platform process. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:730–737, 2018
Monitoring mAb cultivations with in‐situ raman spectroscopy: The influence of spectral selectivity on calibration models and industrial use as reliable PAT tool
Authors: Santos Rafael M. , Kessler Jean‐Michel , Salou Patrick , Menezes Jose C. , Peinado Antonio 
Published: March 2018

Raman spectroscopy is a suitable monitoring technique for CHO cultivations. However, a thorough discussion of peaks, bands, and region assignments to key metabolites and culture attributes, and the interpretability of produced calibrations is scarce. That understanding is vital for the long‐term predictive ability of monitoring models, and to facilitate lifecycle management that comply with regulatory guidelines. Several fed‐batch lab‐scale mAb mammalian cultivations were carried out, with in situ Raman spectroscopy used for process state estimation and attribute monitoring. The goal was to evaluate its use as a process analytical technology (PAT) tool to detect residual glucose and lactate levels, understand their dynamics and interconversion, and eventually estimate key performance culture and product quality attributes. Glucose and lactate models were optimized up to 0.31 g L−1 with 3 Latent Variables (LVs) and 0.19 g L−1 (2 LVs) accuracy, respectively. Glutamine and product titer models, were not specific and accurate enough, even though indirect calibrations were obtained with a RMSEP of 0.12 g L−1 (4 LVs) and 0.29 g L−1 (5 LVs), respectively. A critical discussion and details about the extensive work done in calibration development and optimization are provided. Namely, considering a risk‐based selection of variability sources impacting sample spectra, executing designed experiments with spiked cultivations, and using advanced chemometric procedures for variable selection and model cross validation. A strategy is presented to evaluation Raman spectroscopy as a reliable PAT technology fit‐for industrial use. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:659–670, 2018
Trainee estimates of working alliance with upper‐ and working‐class clients
Authors: Kaiser Dakota J. , Prieto Loreto R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough social class is recognized as an important variable within multicultural psychology, relatively little research has been conducted on the effects of social class on psychotherapy processes and outcomes.AimsUsing a vignette‐based methodology, we examined the effects of therapy trainees’ social class identity and attitudes on their estimation of forming a working alliance with clients from an upper‐ and working‐class status.Materials & MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to read one of two clinical vignettes of either an upper‐ or working‐class client presenting for individual therapy. Participants then rated the anticipated strength of their working alliance with the client and their attitudes related to social class.ResultsRegarding training, our results indicated that participants received very few clock hours of instruction related to social class issues. After controlling for socially desirable responding, although we detected no statistically significant bias against lower‐class clientele, we did find a measure of bias among trainees towards those from the upper class. Lower trainee social class; a greater belief that social class status is earned through personal actions, merit and ability; and a greater level of anticipated difficulty working with their vignette client explained the greatest amount of trainee bias towards those from the upper social class.DiscussionWe discussed the implications of these findings for training and future research.
The rosy side and the blue side of emotional brand attachment
Authors: Hung Hsiu‐Yu , Lu Hao‐Te 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the rosy side (positive emotion) and the blue side (negative emotion) of brand attachment in consumer–brand relationships and their distinct motivational triggers. Adopting attachment theory, self‐determination theory, and the relationship investment model, this paper provides a richer understanding of the positivity and negativity of emotional brand attachment in terms of consequential branding outcomes. Two hierarchical constructs—autonomous and controlled motivations—are proposed and examined using partial least squares path modelling. Data were collected through a 3‐stage survey to gain 507 samples of customers' brand attachments to 9 international car brands. This research reveals that customers' positive‐side (rosy‐side) emotional brand attachments are driven by autonomous motivations including satisfying the intrinsic motivation of pursuing pleasure and fulfilling needs for self‐determination and self‐congruence in the car brand consumption context. Customers' negative‐side (blue‐side) emotional brand attachment reflects feelings of separation distress, anxiety, and sadness that are triggered by their controlled motivations in car brand consumption contexts. The results indicate that positive emotions (the rosy side) of brand attachment are a more effective predictor of brand repurchasing intentions and word‐of‐mouth behaviours than are negative emotions (the blue side) of brand attachment. This study applies Deci and Ryan's autonomous and controlled motivations to explain the positivity and negativity of consumers' emotional brand attachment in brand–consumer relationships.
Directed Evolution of Hyaluronic Acid Synthase from Pasteurella multocida towards High‐Molecular‐Weight Hyaluronic Acid
Authors: Mandawe John , Infanzon Belen , Eisele Anna , Zaun Henning , Kuballa Jürgen , Davari Mehdi D. , Jakob Felix , Elling Lothar , Schwaneberg Ulrich 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA), with diverse cosmetic and medical applications, is the natural glycosaminoglycan product of HA synthases. Although process and/or metabolic engineering are used for industrial HA production, the potential of protein engineering has barely been realised. Herein, knowledge‐gaining directed evolution (KnowVolution) was employed to generate an HA synthase variant from Pasteurella multocida (pmHAS) with improved chain‐length specificity and a twofold increase in mass‐based turnover number. Seven improved pmHAS variants out of 1392 generated by error‐prone PCR were identified; eight prospective positions were saturated and the most beneficial amino acid substitutions were recombined. After one round of KnowVolution, the longest HA polymer (<4.7 MDa), through an engineered pmHAS variant in a cell‐free system, was synthesised. Computational studies showed that substitutions from the best variant (T40L, V59M and T104A) are distant from the glycosyltransferase sites and increase the flexibility of the N‐terminal region of pmHAS. Taken together, these findings suggest that the N terminus may be involved in HA synthesis and demonstrate the potential of protein engineering towards improved HA synthase activity.
Protein Crystallography and Site‐Direct Mutagenesis Analysis of the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolase PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis
Authors: Liu Bing , He Lihui , Wang Liping , Li Tao , Li Changcheng , Liu Huayi , Luo Yunzi , Bao Rui 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnlike traditional recycling strategies, biodegradation is a sustainable solution for disposing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste. PETase, a newly identified enzyme from Ideonella sakaiensis, has high efficiency and specificity towards PET and is, thus, a prominent candidate for PET degradation. On the basis of biochemical analysis, we propose that a wide substrate‐binding pocket is critical for its excellent ability to hydrolyze crystallized PET. Structure‐guided site‐directed mutagenesis revealed an improvement in PETase catalytic efficiency, providing valuable insight into how the molecular engineering of PETase can optimize its application in biocatalysis.
Biochemical Characterization of β‐Amino Acid Incorporation in Fluvirucin B2 Biosynthesis
Authors: Barajas Jesus F. , Zargar Amin , Pang Bo , Benites Veronica T. , Gin Jennifer , Baidoo Edward E. K. , Petzold Christopher J. , Hillson Nathan J. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNaturally occurring lactams, such as the polyketide‐derived macrolactams, provide a diverse class of natural products that could enhance existing chemically produced lactams. Although β‐amino acid loading in the fluvirucin B2 polyketide pathway was proposed by a previously identified putative biosynthetic gene cluster, biochemical characterization of the complete loading enzymes has not been described. Here we elucidate the complete biosynthetic pathway of the β‐amino acid loading pathway in fluvirucin B2 biosynthesis. We demonstrate the promiscuity of the loading pathway to utilize a range of amino acids and further illustrate the ability to introduce non‐native acyl transferases to selectively transfer β‐amino acids onto a polyketide synthase (PKS) loading platform. The results presented here provide a detailed biochemical description of β‐amino acid selection and will further aid in future efforts to develop engineered lactam‐producing PKS platforms.
Steroidal hormone and morphological responses in the prostate anterior lobe in different cancer grades after Celecoxib and Goniothalamin treatments in TRAMP mice
Authors: Silva Rafael Sauce , Kido Larissa Akemi , Montico Fabio , Vendramini‐Costa Débora Barbosa , Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , Cagnon Valeria Helena Alves 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProstate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in the world, and alternative methods to prevent and treat different lesion grades need to be evaluated. The objective was to evaluate the morphological, hormonal, and inflammatory responses in the prostate anterior lobe in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), following Celecoxib and Goniothalamin (GTN) treatments. All animals were treated for 4 weeks, from 8 weeks of age and euthanized either immediately after treatment (12‐week‐old mice: immediate response) or later (22‐week‐old mice: late response). The results showed a significant increase of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma (WDA), according to the age in the control groups. Celecoxib treatment decreased the WDA incidence in the late response group. GTN led to a significant healthy tissue increase, and an LGPIN and HGPIN decrease in the immediate response group. In the late response group, GTN led to healthy area increase and there was no occurrence of WDA. AR and ERα immunoexpressions were reduced by both treatments in the immediate response groups. However, only GTN was able to decrease the ERα level in the late response group. Regarding COX‐2 immunoreactivity, both treatments reduced the frequency of this enzyme. We can conclude that the prostate anterior lobe is a good model to study prostate cancer, considering its slow progression. Both treatments led to cancer delay in the prostate anterior lobe. However, GTN pointed towards a better treatment spectrum in the signaling pathways in the prostate microenvironment, particularly in ERα.
Falling number of soft white wheat by near‐infrared spectroscopy: A challenge revisited
Authors: Delwiche Stephen R. , Higginbotham Ryan W. , Steber Camille M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and objectivesWheat Hagberg falling number (FN) is a long‐standing quality test that, by means of measuring the viscosity of a heated water‐meal or water‐flour mixture, characterizes the activity of endogenous α‐amylase, the enzyme primarily responsible for starch hydrolysis. The accuracy, time requirement, and cost of this test have come under heightened scrutiny, particularly in seasons when weather conditions have been favorable to preharvest sprouting or late maturity amylase. Near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, an analytical approach routinely used in the grain industry to measure contents of protein and moisture, was reexamined as a possible alternative to the FN procedure.FindingsPartial least squares (PLS) regression quantitative models developed on a genetically diverse set of Washington grown white wheat demonstrated low accuracy, with standard errors of performance ranging from 40 to 77 s. Alternatively, linear discriminant analysis and PLS discriminant analysis (PLSDA) qualitative models, developed and tested using a FN cutoff (pass/fail) value, also demonstrated low accuracy, with the best model correctly identifying 67% and 71% of the samples, respectively, above and below a threshold value established as the median value of FN in a calibration set of several hundred samples.ConclusionsReplacement of the FN test with one based on NIR spectroscopy on either whole grain or ground meal for making decisions on segregating wheat lots according to α‐amylase activity is not recommended.Significance and noveltyBecause NIR spectroscopy is not sufficiently accurate to quantitatively model FN or differentiate low from high FN grain, viscometry procedures for starch integrity, such as FN, will continue their use in grain commerce.
Effect of organic acids and NaCl on the rheological properties of dough prepared using Pembina and Harvest CWRS wheat cultivars
Authors: Stone Andrea K. , Lam Ricky S. H. , Hopkins Erin J. , Hucl Pierre , Scanlon Martin G. , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: March 2018

Background and objectivesThe effect of organic acids (1.2 mmol/100 g flour: acetic, citric, lactic or fumaric acid) and NaCl content (0%, 1% and 2%, flour weight basis) on the rheological properties and stickiness of dough prepared using two CWRS wheat cultivars (Harvest and Pembina) was investigated as a means of understanding the interaction of salt and acid on dough viscoelastic behavior.FindingsOverall higher salt levels made the doughs stiffer and less sticky as evident by |G*| and Jel increasing and dough stickiness decreasing as salt content increased. The addition of citric, acetic, and lactic acids caused an overall increase in |G*| and Jel, and a decrease in tan δ and Jmax, whereas fumaric acid had the inverse effect. Dough stickiness increased regardless of the type of acid added at all salt levels but more so when no salt was added to the dough. The effect of acid addition on dough rheology was cultivar dependent as evident by a small overall increase in |G*| with acid addition to Pembina and an overall decrease in |G*| when using Harvest.ConclusionsThe effect of cultivar, salt content and acid type was highly interdependent for the dough complex modulus, tan δ, maximum creep compliance, and relative elasticity along with dough stickiness.Significance and noveltyThis research provides fundamental knowledge on the effect of salt reduction and acidulants on dough rheology with a view to understanding how water incorporation in the gluten network affects attempts to reduce sodium content in the dough without impairing dough handling properties.
Focal atrophy of the unilateral masticatory muscles caused by pure trigeminal motor neuropathy: case report
Authors: Kämppi Antti , Kämppi Leena , Kemppainen Pentti , Kanerva Mari , Toppila Jussi , Auranen Mari 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessagePatients with unknown clinical or radiological asymmetry in the face structures combined with atrophy and weakness of the masticatory muscles should be comprehensively examined clinically and with MRI, neurophysiological measurements, and serologically. Malignant lesions or benign idiopathic unilateral trigeminal motor neuropathy should be considered as an etiological explanation for the asymmetry.
DOPA and Adrenaline Oxidation Kinetics and Intermediates Identified by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in Real Time
Authors: Iftikhar Imran , El‐Nour Kholoud Mohammed Abou , Brajter‐Toth Anna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDOPA and adrenaline (Adr) oxidation intermediates were identified using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) by exploiting electrochemical oxidation reactions that occur during ESI. In addition, on‐line MS monitoring of the oxidations allowed evaluation of DOPA and Adr oxidation kinetics with approximately 3 ms time resolution. Kinetic information was confirmed by on‐line electrochemistry/ESI MS (EC/ESI MS). Application of an EC cell voltage in EC/ESI MS increased the oxidation rates and MS detection sensitivity of intermediates. During ESI and EC/ESI MS, oxidation rates were
, cyclization rates of quinone oxidation products were
, and cyclic leucochrome oxidation rates were DA>Adr>DOPA. Formation of radical semiquinones of Adr and DOPA through OH. radical‐initiated oxidation pathways was indicated, as reported for DA. Images of catecholamine oxidation pathways obtained with high time resolution, using MS, underscore the differences between the reactivity of DOPA, Adr, and DA.
Unravelling the Enhanced High‐Temperature Performance of Lithium‐Rich Oxide Cathode with Methyl Diphenylphosphinite as Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Lou Shuaifeng , Ma Yulin , Zhou Zhenxin , Huo Hua , Zuo Pengjian , Cheng Xinqun , Qu Xiaohui , Gao Yunzhi , Du Chunyu , Yin Geping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLithium‐rich oxide cathode materials with high energy density attract much attention, however, they tend to suffer from serious capacity fading during cycling, especially at elevated temperature. Here, methyl diphenylphosphinite (MDP) is studied as electrolyte additive for the first time to enhance the capacity retention of lithium‐rich oxide cathode during cycling under high temperature. As a result, the cyclic stability of Li1.16Ni0.2Co0.1Mn0.54O2 cathodes at elevated temperature is improved significantly when adopting 0.2 wt.% MDP, including an enhanced Columbic efficiency and capacity retention ratio promoted from 49.7 to 93.9 % after 80 cycles. Electrochemical and physical characterizations, combined with theoretical calculations, demonstrate that MDP tends to adsorb on the cathode surfacedue to the interaction between the P−O− species and transition‐metal elements, and then is oxidized preferentially at around 3.75 V (vs. Li/Li+), in situ forming a robust artificial interphase layer on the surface of the cathode. The interphases can effectively inhibit the electrolyte decomposition and greatly enhance the interface stability between Li1.16Ni0.2Co0.1Mn0.54O2 and the electrolyte at high voltage and high temperature.