bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic characterization of the protocluster of galaxies around 7C 1756+6520 at z ~ 1.4
Authors: Casasola V. , Magrini L. , Combes F. , Sani E. , Fritz J. , Rodighiero G. , Poggianti B. , Bianchi S. , Liuzzo E. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. The aim of this paper is the spectroscopic study of 13 galaxies belonging to the field of the protocluster associated with the radio galaxy 7C 1756+6520 at z = 1.4156. In particular, we focus on the characterization of the nuclear activity.
Methods. This analysis has been performed on rest-frame optical spectra taken with the Large Binocular Telescope, using the spectrograph LUCI, which is operative in the near-infrared domain. The adopted spectral coverage allowed us to observe emission lines such as Hα, Hβ, [O III]λ 5007 Å, and [N II]λ 6583 Å at the redshift of the central radio galaxy. We observed the central part of the protocluster, which is suitable to include the radio galaxy, several spectroscopically confirmed active galactic nuclei (AGN) belonging to the protocluster, and other objects that might be members of the protocluster.
Results. For four previously identified protocluster members, we derived the redshift by detecting emission lines that have never detected before for these galaxies. We identified a new protocluster member and eight new possible protocluster members. The stacked spectrum of the galaxies in which we detected the [O III]λ 5007 Å emission line revealed the second line of the [O III] doublet at 4959 Å and the Hβ line, which confirms that they belong to the protocluster. By collecting all members identified so far in this work and other members from the literature, we defined 31 galaxies, including the central radio galaxy, around the redshift 1.4152 ± 0.056. This corresponds to peculiar velocities ≲5000 km s−1 with respect to the radio galaxy. The position versus velocity phase-space diagram suggests that three AGN of the protocluster and the central radio galaxy might be a virialized population that has been coexisting for a long time in the densest core region of this forming structure. This protocluster is characterized by a high fraction of AGN (~23%). For one of them, AGN1317, we produced two so-called Baldwin, Phillips & Terlevich (BPT) diagrams. The high fraction of AGN and their distribution within the protocluster seem to be consistent with predictions of some theoretical models on AGN growth and feedback. These models are based on galaxy interactions and ram pressure as triggers of AGN activity.
Conclusions. The high fraction of AGN belonging to the protocluster suggests that they were likely triggered at the same time, maybe by the ongoing formation of the protocluster. Observations of AGN in this protocluster and in other distant clusters will help clarifying whether the resulting high fraction of AGN is unusual or typical for such structures at high redshift. Our next step will be analyses of previously acquired high-resolution radio data of the central radio galaxy to derive information on the nature of the radio galaxy and connect it with its cosmic evolution.
Endotoxin-Induced Platelet Activation in Human Whole Blood In Vitro
Authors: Csako Gyorgy , Suba Eva A , Elin Ronald J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of purified bacterial endotoxin was studied on human platelets in vitro. In adding up to 1 μg/mL of a highly purified endotoxin, we found neither aggregation nor ATP release in heparinized or citrated human platelet-rich plasma. On the other hand, endotoxin at concentrations as low as a few ng/mL (as may be found in septic patients) caused platelet aggregation in both heparinized and citrated human whole blood, as monitored by change in impedance, free platelet count, and size. Unlike collagen, the platelet aggregation with endotoxin occurred after a long lag phase, developed slowly, and was rarely coupled with measurable release of ATP. The platelet aggregating effect of endotoxin was dose-dependent and modified by exposure of the endotoxin to ionizing radiation. Thus, the activation of human platelets by “solubilized” endotoxin in plasma requires the presence of other blood cells. We propose that the platelet effect is mediated by monocytes and/or neutrophils stimulated by endotoxin.
Endothelial-Dependent Fibrinolysis in Subjects with the Lupus Anticoagulant and Thrombosis
Authors: Francis Robert B , McGehee William G , Feinstein Donald I 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTo investigate the hypothesis that diminished endothelial fibrinolytic activity contributes to the pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant (LA), we assessed the ability of endothelium to release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in response to standardized venous occlusion (VO) of the arm, and the extent of inhibition of t-PA, in 11 subjects with LA and a history of thrombosis and in 36 healthy normal subjects. The mean rise in plasma t-PA antigen after VO, the mean plasma free t-PA activity after VO, and the mean plasma t-PA inhibitor level prior to VO were not significantly different in subjects with LA and thrombosis and in normal subjects. Four subjects with LA and thrombosis (36%), and five of 36 healthy control subjects (14%) generated no detectable free t-PA activity after VO (“non-responders”); this difference was not statistically significant. All four “non-responders” with LA and thrombosis had normal t-PA antigen release after VO, indicating that the lack of detectable free t-PA activity after VO was due to increased inhibition of released t-PA. We conclude that abnormally reduced endothelial fibrinolytic activity is not present in the majority of subjects with LA and thrombosis. In the subset of subjects with LA and thrombosis who generate no detectable t-PA activity after VO, a stimulatory effect of LA on endothelial production of t-PA inhibitor cannot be excluded.
Aggregation of Human Platelets by Acidic Mucopolysaccharide Extracted from Stichopus japonicus Selenka
Authors: Li Jia-Zeng , Lian Eric Chun-Yet 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus Selenka) (SJAMP) has been shown to cause platelets to aggregate. Using citrated platelet-rich plasma (PRP), washed platelets and formaldehyde-fixed platelets from humans, we investigated the effects of platelet inhibitors and various plasmas and their fractions on SJAMP-induced platelet aggregation. It was found that the lowest concentration of SJAMP required for the aggregation of human platelets was about 0.4 μg/ ml and the magnitude of aggregation induced by SJAMP was concentration dependent. The platelets were aggregated by SJAMP at 10 μg/ml in 25 out of 28 (89%) normal subjects tested. Platelet inhibitors such as PGE1, aspirin, indomethacin, apyrase, antimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and EDTA inhibited by 70 to 100% the aggregation induced by SJAMP. Washed platelets alone were not aggregated by SJAMP. In the presence of fibrinogetr, washed platelets were aggregated by SJAMP, but formaldehyde-fixed platelets were not. These data indicate that the SJAMP-induced human platelet aggregation requires extracellular calcium, fibrinogen, and energy metabolism. The second phase of aggregation is dependent upon the release of ADP, and cyclooxygenase pathway.
A Study of Fibrinogen and Fibrinolysis in 10 Adults with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Gandrille S , Jouvin M H , Toulon P , Remy P , Fiessinger J N , Roncato M , Moatti N , Aiach M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), the coagulation inhibitors, the fibrinolytic system and several functions of the fibrinogen-fibrin molecule were studied.Among the coagulation inhibitors, only antithrombin III (AT III) was found decreased and correlated with serum-albumin levels. Venous occlusion test provoked a normal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) release in all patients. The plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) had an increased activity in 5 out of the 10 patients.Thrombin and reptilase times were found abnormal in most patients. The thrombin time (TT) prolongation correlated with serum albumin levels and was corrected by adding purified albumin.The fibrinogen was purified from each of the 10 patients’ plasma. Only 2 of them showed abnormal polymerization in purified system, suggesting dysfibrinogenaemia. Other functions (thrombin binding, tPA stimulating activity, lysis by purified plasmin) were found normal except in one of the 2 patients with dysfibrinogenaemia whose fibrinogen lysis by plasmin was delayed.It is concluded that an abnormal fibrinogen molecule is not the most frequent explanation for thrombin time prolongation in NS.
Studies on Blood Coagulation Factor V
Authors: Hemker H. C , Kahn M. J. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe disappearance of factor V-activity from human plasma on storage can be described as a first order reaction with an activation energy of about 44 kcal/mol.The disappearance of factor V- activity from bovine plasma in vitro is a second order reaction with an activation energy of about 66 kcal/mol.The inactivation of human prothrombinase during coagulation is a second order reaction; the activation energy is about 10 kcal/mol. It is concluded that this inactivation involves a reaction of the factor V moiety of prothrombinase with free factor V.
Factors Affecting Factor XIII Assay by Dansyl Cadaverine Incorporation
Authors: Sheltawy Marion J. , Miloszewski Krzysztof , Losowsky Monty S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFactors affecting the activation of factor XIII and its subsequent action in incorporating the fluorescent amine, dansyl cadaverine, into casein have been investigated.A comparison of the activation of factor XIII at 30° C and 37° C using 5 NIH units Maws bovine thrombin showed that increasing the temperature shortened the time required for maximal activity from 4-10 minutes to 4 minutes. A sharper peak of activity was observed at the higher temperature and a more rapid fall with increasing activation time. At 30° C, 25 units Parke Davis thrombin topical gave similar results to 5 units Maws thrombin topical.When an activation period of 10 minutes was selected, 5 units of thrombin gave the highest values of factor XIII activity.The optimal level of calcium in the incubation medium was found to be 12 mM.
Biophysical Characteristics of Erythrocytes during Acute Myocardial Infarction and Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Resnitzky P , Yaari A , Danon D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe osmotic fragility (OF), density distribution (DDC) and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of red blood cells were examined in groups of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction (MI), arteriosclerotic heart disease and precordial pains (ASHD), and deep-vein thrombosis. In patients with acute MI there is a reduction in electric mobility which returns to normal range within 3 weeks. The slow RBCs were in no case slower than the slowest cells of a normal curve representing the oldest portion of the red cell population. In a definite percentage of these patients there are also changes in the OF and the DDC indicating a narrower cell population. These changes are apparently consequent to the disappearance of the slowest cells from the circulation. Mobility tests were done in buffered saline and after three washings. The cell mobility of normal patients was slowed after ½ to 1 hour incubation with the plasma of patients suffering from fresh MI. These results agree with the existence of plasma factors affecting the electric charge of RBCs. The mobility of red blood cells of patients with acute MI underwent incubation with normal plasma returned to normal. The cells of patients with ASHD and precordial pains show also a reduction in average mobility although in a lesser degree. The possibility that this group of patients suffer from micro-infarct not detected by the usual clinical tests, has been considered. Patients with deep-venous thrombosis show similar changes in cell mobility as patients with acute MI. A possible relation between reduced RBC electric mobility and thromboembolism among MI patients was suggested.
Exercise, Physical Conditioning, Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Ferguson Earl W , Mason Guest M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCoagulation and fibrinolysis were evaluated in 29 healthy young male adults before, immediately after and one hour after strenuous exercise on a treadmill. Seven subjects were studied after moderate, prolonged exercise. Fourteen volunteers were tested before and after successful physical conditioning. Measurements included: pulse rate, glass and silicone whole blood clotting times, one-stage prothrombin time, Stypven time, two-stage prothrombin time, prothrombin consumption, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, eugiobulin lysis time, antifibrinolysin, hematocrit, and platelet count. Immediately after exercise, a marked increase in fibrinolytic activity and an acceleration of most clotting assays were observed. After physical conditioning there was a decrease in the level of fibrinolytic activity at rest and after exercise, but the reactivity of the fibrinolytic system, i.e., the percent increase in fibrinolytic activity in response to exercise, was unaltered. Following physical conditioning, the clotting times of certain assays were less accelerated.
Methods for the Separation of Platelets from Plasma
Authors: Hutton R. A , Howard Margaret A , Deykin Daniel , Hardisty R. M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPlatelets have been separated from plasma of a series of normal volunteers by three methods: albumin density-gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, and a combination of the two. The efficacy of these three methods has been assessed by determination of the percentage recovery of the platelets, their aggregability by ADP, collagen and thrombin, platelet factor-3 availability, content and release of platelet adenine nucleotides and electron microscopic appearances. Platelets prepared by all three methods showed some loss of sensitivity to aggregating agents, minor activation of platelet factor 3 and morphological changes, as compared with platelets in PRP. Function and morphology were best preserved in platelets prepared by the combined method and most disturbed in those prepared by repeated washing on an albnmin density gradient.
Direct Observation of Fibrinolysis in Tissue Culture
Authors: Pandolfi M , Åstedt B , Nilsson I. M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method is described for direct observation of the fibrinolytic activity in tissue cultures. The method consists in placing in the culture system a small glass tube open at one end and filled with fibrin. In the presence of fibrinolytically active expiants fibrin dissolves progressively from the free end of the tube, and can be measured directly. Direct observation and the recording of the lysis is a simple and precise method for studying the fibrinolytic activity of tissue cultures.
Heterogeneity of Rabbit Platelets. I. Employment of an Albumin Density Gradient for Separation of a Young Platelet Population Identified with Se75-Selenomethionine
Authors: Charmatz Arthur , Karpatkin Simon 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn albumin density gradient was employed to separate rabbit platelets into heavy and light populations. Compared to a previous inert oil density gradient, the albumin gradient had the advantage of greater resolution, easier suspension of isolated platelet populations, and more physiologic composition. Heavy platelets were found to be enriched with large platelets, containing 2.3 fold more platelets with 2 μ diameter and 2 fold less platelets with 1 μ diameter. Platelets of 3 and 4 μ diameters were found in the heavy population but not in the light population. In vivo labelling of megakaryocytes with Se75-selenomethionine revealed early preferential labelling of heavy platelets when compared to light platelets, with an average heavy/light ratio labelling index of 3.7 on days 1–2, declining to 1.4 on days 3–4 and 0.7 on day 6. These data support previous data that heavy-large platelets are young platelets.
Platelet Adhesion from Nonanticoagulated Rat Arterial Blood*
Authors: Bern Murray M. , Tullis James L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPlatelet adhesion to glass bead is measured using nonanticoagulated arterial blood from adult male rats. Parameters studied include: 1) surface area of glass exposed to platelets, 2) time of contact and rate of platelet flow over the beads, 3) differing blood-gas interface, 4) adhesion to siliconized polyvinyl surfaces, and 5) heparinization of donors. Parameters kept constant include: 1) diameter of glass beads, 2) diameter of glass bead chamber, and 3) body temperature of the donor animals. No air was mixed with the blood. Concentration of hemoglobin released into the plasma supernatant was measured.Platelet adhesion from each aliquot of each sample increases as glass surface area increases, and the time of contact between the platelets and surface increases. Adhesion did not change when nitrogen was substituted for room air at blood-gas interface. Heparinization of donor animal did not alter adhesion. Platelets adhere to siliconized polyvinyl at greater rate than to nonsiliconized polyvinyl. Hemoglobin concentration in the plasma supernate did not correlate directly with percent of platelet adhesion. These results are similar to those reported for native and anti-coagulated venous and anticoagulated arterial blood.This technique does not require in vitro handling of platelets. It can be applied to other animals and to humans.
Limitations of the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time for Determination of Plasma Heparin Concentration and Half-Life in Human Subjects
Authors: Baele G , De Broe M , De Weerdt G. A , Ringoir S , Barbier F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn vivo heparin concentrations and half-life were estimated in 20 human subjects, after a single intravenous injection.The method, used for heparin determination, is based on the activated partial thromboplastin time. The test plasmas are diluted in plasma of the same subject obtained before heparin administration. In this way the heparin concentrations are reduced to measurable levels between 0.1 I. U./ml and 0.8 I. U./ml. Indeed a linear relationship between log activated partial thromboplastin time and heparin concentrations from 0.1 to 0.8 I. U./ml can be computed. Different half-lives were found in 13 of the 20 subjects examined when different dilution factors were used. This seems an important limitation for the examination of the pharmacokinetics of heparin.
Artificial Reagents for Factor VII and Factor X, a Computer Programme for Obtaining Reference Tables for One-Stage Determinations in the Extrinsic System
Authors: Hemker H. C , Swart A. C. W , Alink A. J. M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA method is described to prepare artificial reagents to test the factors VII and X individually.A procedure is given to obtain reference tables suitable for the use of these reagents as well as for any other type of specific one-stage in the extrinsic system by means of a computer. The programme is obtainable in Algol, Fortran or Focal.
A Quantitative Two-Stage Assay for Factor IX (Christmas Factor) Using Plasma from Dogs with Christmas Disease
Authors: Aronson D. L , Dodds W. J , Mustafa A. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA modified 2-stage assay for factor IX which utilizes factor IX deficient plasma plasma from a colony of dogs with Christmas factor deficiency, has been described. The assay is technically less difficult and less time consuming than the established 2-stage assay for factor IX. The assay is more sensitive than other methods currently in use and uses only 4 μl of deficient plasma for a test. Results are comparable to those reported for 1-stage assays, both in vitro and in vivo, with an apparent increase in activity during the conversion of plasma to serum, and with apparently low in vivo recovery of factor IX when infused into a deficient patient.
Eye movements support the link between conscious memory and medial temporal lobe function
Authors: Urgolites Zhisen J. , Smith Christine N. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: June 2018

Significance
Memory consists of conscious and unconscious systems with different brain substrates. Eye movements are affected by past experience, but it is often unclear what kind of memory is involved. We examined the preferential viewing effect, whereby in multiple-choice tests of recognition memory, more viewing is directed toward an item that is about to be selected when the choice is correct than when the choice is incorrect. The magnitude of this effect was correlated with measures of conscious, declarative memory, was absent when declarative memory was minimized, and was diminished in memory-impaired patients with medial temporal lobe lesions. We propose that this eye movement effect is a phenomenon of conscious memory, supporting the link between conscious memory and medial temporal lobe function.
Environment and sustainability as related to religious pilgrimage routes and trails.
Authors: Trombino G. , Trono A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

After a preliminary analysis of the spiritual, social and economic values of pilgrimage and religious tourism, this chapter seeks to identify a potential list of simple and aggregate environmental indicators for estimating the impact of religious tourism. This preliminary assessment derives from the analysis of two case studies: one from Italy and one from India. This analysis makes it possible to compare the impact of religious tourism in areas that are already strongly affected by human activities and development, and in protected areas and/or fragile ecosystems where this driver induces a loss of biodiversity. The chapter applies the cause-effect principle to perform a Driver Pressure Impact (DPI) analysis in terms of human-biosphere interaction.
Pilgrimage routes from Central Europe and Scandinavia towards Jerusalem and Santiago de Compostela.
Authors: Duda T. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter outlines the historical and modern development of religious pilgrimage routes and trails that have for centuries led pilgrims from Central Europe and Scandinavia to Jerusalem. Based on a detailed inventory and evaluation of sacral buildings, as well as an analysis of source materials and regional traditions and surveys among pilgrims (and tourists), a picture of the spatial distribution and diversity of marked and unmarked religious tourism trails to Jerusalem has been constructed. The picture also includes the network of St James' ways to Santiago de Compostela, which is being expanded each year.
Palkhi: a moving sacred town.
Authors: Shinde K. A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter begins with an overview of the Dnyaneshwar palkhi (a pilgrimage procession in Maharashtra), looking at its meaning and history, as well as its organization. The chapter then looks at how the palkhi is akin to a sacred moving town, where normally regular or mundane space becomes, at least temporarily, sacred space. Finally, the chapter addresses a number of issues arising from the rise in popularity of the palkhi, including environment and sanitation issues and the social problems that arise as traditional stopping places along the pilgrimage route are changing because of the need for larger spaces to accommodate more pilgrims.
Pilgrimage and identity along the mormon trail.
Authors: Olsen D. H. , Hill B. J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

This chapter examines the historical and present development of the Mormon Trail in the USA. After giving a brief history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and its move to modern-day Utah, the chapter looks at the present development and use of the Mormon Trail, including stakeholder, environmental and economic development concerns. The chapter then looks more in-depth at the importance of the Mormon Trail in the development of Latter-day Saint identity and historical consciousness.