bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Impact Testing and System Identification of Footbridges Using Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Tian Yongding , Zhang Jian , Yu Shanshan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rapid impact testing of bridges contains unique advantages. For example, structural parameters, including frequency response function and structural flexibility matrix can be identified; however, additional impact‐testing instruments are required to excite a bridge, restricting the efficiency of the measurement strategy in terms of experimental cost and time. In this paper, a particle image velocimetry‐based method is proposed for the rapid impact testing and system identification of footbridges under pedestrian excitations. The proposed method has shown promising features: (1) pedestrian load is utilized for the impact excitation of footbridges, which is more convenient than the conventional impact‐testing method with additional excitation devices; (2) the human‐induced impact forces under varying jumping scenarios are calculated from image sequences of human motions acquired by a single camera with its noncontact and target‐less characteristics; and (3) both human‐induced impact forces (inputs) and structural responses (outputs) are employed to identify more modal parameters (i.e., scaling factors, modal mass, and structural flexibility). The robustness of the proposed method was successfully validated by a laboratory test of a simply supported beam and field testing of a cable‐stayed footbridge. The proposed method not only could improve the testing efficiency of footbridges, but also could obtain more modal parameters, which can be further utilized for deflection prediction, damage detection, and long‐term performance evaluation.
Osteogenic impact of football training in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men with prediabetes
Authors: Skoradal May‐Britt , Helge Eva Wulff , Jørgensen Niklas R. , Mortensen Jann , Weihe Pál , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni 
Published: July 2018

The effects of football training on bone health were examined in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old sedentary women and men with prediabetes. Patients (n = 50) with prediabetes (age; 61 ± 9 years, BMI 29.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2, body fat content; 37 ± 1%, VO2max; 22.7 ± 0.8 mL/min/kg and mean arterial pressure; 104 ± 3 mm Hg) were randomized into a football training group (FTG; n = 27, 14 women) and a control group (CON; n = 23, 11 women). At baseline, 73% and 24% were diagnosed with femur osteopenia and osteoporosis, respectively. FTG performed football training twice weekly 30‐60‐minute sessions in 16 weeks, and both FTG and CON received professional dietary advice. Pre‐ and post‐intervention whole‐body and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) were determined with DXA‐scans, and venous blood samples were drawn and analyzed for plasma bone turnover markers. Change scores were greater (P < 0.05) in FTG compared to CON in leg BMD (0.023 ± 0.005 vs −0.004 ± 0.001 g/cm2) and in leg BMC (32 ± 8 vs −4 ± 6 g). Between‐group changes in favor of FTG (P < 0.05) also occurred in the femur neck BMD (3.2%) and femur shaft BMD (2.5%). Whole‐body BMC and BMD were unchanged in both groups during the intervention. In FTG, resting plasma osteocalcin, P1NP, and CTX‐1 rose (P < 0.05) by 23 ± 8, 52 ± 9 and 38 ± 7%, with greater change scores (P < 0.05) than in CON. Finally, P1NP (formation)/CTX‐1 (resorption) ratio increased (P < 0.05) in FTG (127 ± 15 vs 150 ± 11) from pre‐ to post‐intervention, with no change in CON (124 ± 12 and 123 ± 12). In conclusion, football training provides a powerful osteogenic stimulus and improves bone health in 55‐ to 70‐year‐old women and men diagnosed with prediabetes.
College campus activism: Distinguishing between liberal reformers and conservative crusaders
Authors: Ince Jelani , Finlay Brandon M. , Rojas Fabio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article reviews scholarship on college campus activism in the U.S. We use ideology as a lens with which to examine and discuss college protest. Specifically, we distinguish between right‐wing and left‐wing college campus movements and examine recent developments. We begin with a discussion of basic concepts from social movement theory and provide an overview of the theoretical differences between right‐ and left‐wing movements. Then, we provide a historical overview of college protest and discuss future directions for sociological inquiry into contemporary campus activism. Our discussion is motivated by recent examples of progressive movements such as the “Mizzou protests” and the campus chapters of Black Lives Matter, and alt‐right groups such as Identity Evropa.
Assembling Lettuce Export Markets in East Asia: Agrarian Warriors, Climate Change and Kinship
Authors: Wang Chi‐Mao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOver the past two decades export‐oriented agro‐food production and contract farming have been regarded as new panaceas for rural development in Taiwan. With East Asian consumers hungry for fresh lettuce, since the early 2000s some Taiwanese farmers have ventured into lettuce production. The commodity/value chain literature has been widely employed by agrarian scholars to understand the reconfiguration of the global agri‐food economy. However, these approaches tend to treat the markets as unquestioned artefacts. Taking inspiration from a performative approach and assemblage thinking, this article attempts to unveil the processes from which markets emerge. Following Deleuze and Guattari’s propositions, I argue that agri‐food export markets are ongoing processes through which heterogeneous actants are held stable or disintegrate. With reference to ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the Maixing community, I show that the lettuce export market is a heterogeneous assemblage in which all enlisted actants can act to territorialise/de‐territorialise the market assemblage. This article furthers our understanding of the geographies of market‐making and opens up the black box of markets.
Tall paper walls: The political economy of visas and cross‐border travel
Authors: McKay Andy , Tekleselassie Tsegay G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCross‐border travel for business, personal and tourism purposes is an important component of trade in services. In 2013, travel accounted for 25% of services export in the world. Trade in services accounted for 12% of GDP in the world. Hence, the role of travel in many economies is substantial. The current paper studies the determinants of cross‐border flows of people with a particular emphasis on the role of visa policies. We adopt the UN General Assembly Affinity Index, a measure of the quality of bilateral relations between nations, to instrument for bilateral visa policy. We find that, ceteris paribus, imposing visa restrictions on a country reduces travel from that country by about 73% in 2010 implying restrictive visa policies discourage cross‐border travel significantly. This implies an adverse impact of restrictive visa policies on trade‐in‐services.
Blood pressure intervention levels in preterm infants: pilot randomised trial
Authors: Pereira Sujith Stanley , Sinha Ajay Kumar , Morris Joan Katherine , Wertheim David F , Shah Divyen K , Kempley Stephen Terence 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility of a trial allocating different blood pressure (BP) intervention levels for treatment in extremely preterm infants.DesignThree-arm open randomised controlled trial performed between February 2013 and April 2015.SettingSingle tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfants born <29 weeks’ gestation were eligible to participate, if parents consented and they did not have a major congenital malformation.InterventionsInfants were randomised to different levels of mean arterial BP at which they received cardiovascular support: active (<30 mm Hg), moderate (<gestational age mm Hg) or permissive (signs of poor perfusion or <19 mm Hg). Once this threshold was breached, all were managed using the same treatment guideline. BP profiles were downloaded continuously; cardiac output and carotid blood flow were measured at 1 day and 3 days, and amplitude integrated EEG was recorded during the first week. Cranial ultrasound scans were reviewed blind to study allocation.Main outcome measureInotrope usage and achieved BP.ResultsOf 134 cases screened, 60 were enrolled, with mean gestation 25.8 weeks (SD 1.5) and birth weight 817 g (SD 190). Invasively measured BP on the first day and inotrope usage were highest in the active and lowest in the permissive arms. There were no differences in haemodynamic or EEG variables or in clinical complications. Predefined cranial ultrasound findings did not differ significantly; no infants in the active arm had parenchymal brain lesions.ConclusionThe BP threshold used to trigger treatment affects the achieved BP and inotrope usage, and it was possible to explore these effects using this study design.Trial registration numberISRCTN83507686.
Conservative treatment of diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma: optical coherence tomography-assisted diagnosis and follow-up in three consecutive cases
Authors: Stathopoulos Christina , Moulin Alexandre , Gaillard Marie-Claire , Beck-Popovic Maja , Puccinelli Francesco , Munier Francis L 
Published: July 2018

Background/aimsTo report conservative therapy in diffuse infiltrating retinoblastoma (DIR) and describe specific optic coherence tomography (OCT) features of the tumour.MethodsRetrospective review of all DIR cases treated conservatively between 1998 and 2012.ResultsThree patients (three eyes) were included, cases 1 and 3 with previous enucleation of the contralateral eye and case 2 with unilateral retinoblastoma referred after prior pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil. Mean age at diagnosis was 7 years (range 14 months–14 years). Globe and vision preservation (Snellen visual acuity of 12.5/10) was achieved in case 3 with a recurrence-free follow-up of 33 months after first-line thermotherapy followed by salvage intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) plus focal treatments. Cases 1 and 2 were enucleated for progressive disease, case 1 after first-line intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) consolidated by focal therapies and salvage treatments given over 8 years of partial remission and case 2 after IAC, brachytherapy and intracameral chemotherapy. Neither showed any high-risk histopathological features, and no adjuvant chemotherapy was necessary. Both patients are alive without metastasis (mean follow-up of >10 years). Pathognomonic features of the tumour were revealed by OCT in all cases, showing infiltration of the ganglion cell layer and horizontal growth over the inner plexiform layer. Complete restoration of the retinal microanatomy was documented after retraction of the tumour following IVC in case 2 and IAC in case 3.ConclusionThis is the first report of successful conservative management in DIR. OCT enabled diagnosis, delimitation of the tumour margins and monitoring of the treatment response in this context.
Concussion management in combat sports: consensus statement from the Association of Ringside Physicians
Authors: Neidecker John , Sethi Nitin K , Taylor Randolph , Monsell Raymond , Muzzi Don , Spizler Bruce , Lovelace Larry , Ayoub Edmund , Weinstein Rick , Estwanik Joseph , Reyes Patricio , Cantu Robert C , Jordan Barry , Goodman Margaret , Stiller John W , Gelber Jonathan , Boltuch Robert , Coletta Domenic , Gagliardi Angela , Gelfman Stephen , Golden Patrick , Rizzo Nicholas , Wallace Paul , Fields Allan , Inalsingh Calvin 
Published: July 2018

Various organisations and experts have published numerous statements and recommendations regarding different aspects of sports-related concussion including definition, presentation, treatment, management and return to play guidelines.1–7To date, there have been no written consensus statements specific for combat sports regarding management of combatants who have suffered a concussion or for return to competition after a concussion. In combat sports, head contact is an objective of the sport itself. Accordingly, management and treatment of concussion in combat sports should, and must, be more stringent than for non-combat sports counterparts.The Association of Ringside Physicians (an international, non-profit organisation dedicated to the health and safety of the combat sports athlete) sets forth this consensus statement to establish management guidelines that ringside physicians, fighters, referees, trainers, promoters, sanctioning bodies and other healthcare professionals can use in the ringside setting. We also provide guidelines for the return of a combat sports athlete to competition after sustaining a concussion. This consensus statement does not address the management of moderate to severe forms of traumatic brain injury, such as intracranial bleeds, nor does it address the return to competition for combat sports athletes who have suffered such an injury. These more severe forms of brain injuries are beyond the scope of this statement. This consensus statement does not address neuroimaging guidelines in combat sports.
What is the cost of delayed diagnosis of bile acid malabsorption and bile acid diarrhoea?
Authors: Fernandes Darren C R , Poon Dennis , White Laura L , Andreyev H Jervoise N 
Published: July 2018

Introduction75Selenium taurocholic acid (SeHCAT) scanning diagnoses bile acid malabsorption/bile acid diarrhoea (BAM/BAD) and defines optimal treatment. Approximately 2% of the population have BAM/BAD.AimTo evaluate the cost of delayed diagnosis of BAM/BAD.MethodsPatients’ notes who underwent SeHCAT scanning in three hospitals over a 1-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Scan results and treatment response were recorded. Package-of-care costs were calculated using costing tools from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and from United Lincolnshire Hospitals Trust business unit.ResultsBetween June 2016 and May 2017, 19 men and 37 women (median age 58 (range 19–83)) of 3860 new patients seen in gastroenterology clinics were referred for SeHCAT scanning. Sixty-four per cent of scans were abnormal: 13 demonstrated severe (<5% 7-day SeHCAT retention), 13 moderate (5%–10%), 5 mild (10%–15%) and 5 borderline (15%–20%) BAD/BAM. Likely causes included primary BAD (n=16), cholecystectomy (n=13), inflammatory bowel disease (n=4) and other (n=3). If SeHCAT scanning was ordered at first consultation (n=11), patients reported 24 months (median) of symptoms (range 6–360) and the median diagnostic package-of-care cost was £811.40 (95% CI £625.59 to £1508.20). If SeHCAT scanning was booked later (n=25), patients reported symptoms for 30 months (median, range 0.5–360) and the cost was £1568.31 (95% CI £1200.55 to £1713.18). Following diagnosis, treatment led to symptom improvement (n=24), no change/deterioration (n=3) and not reported (n=9).ConclusionsSeHCAT is underused. Late diagnosis leads to unnecessary demands for other services and treatment delay. Early diagnosis achieves health benefits while reducing costs.
Two Differential Games Between Rent-Seeking Politicians and Capitalists: Implications for Economic Growth
Authors: Dai Darong , Gao Wenzheng , Tian Guoqiang 
Published: July 2018

We comparatively study two differential games between politicians and capitalists in terms of reducing rent-seeking distortions and stimulating economic growth. These two games imply two relationships — top-down authority and rational cooperation — between politicians and capitalists. In the current context, we prove that cooperation leads to faster growth than does authority, and simultaneously satisfies individual rationality, group rationality, Pareto efficiency and sub-game consistency. We thus show that setting a bargaining table between capitalists and politicians may create desirable incentives for reducing rent-seeking distortions, developing the spirit of capitalism and stimulating economic growth.
Impact of venous return on pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics during dynamic exercise: in silico time series analyses from muscles to lungs
Authors: Drescher Uwe 
Published: July 2018

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a single-compartment (SCM) and a multi-compartment (MCM) venous return model will produce significantly different time-delaying and distortive effects on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2pulm) responses with equal cardiac outputs (Q̇) and muscle oxygen uptake (V̇o2musc) inputs. For each model, 64 data sets were simulated with alternating Q̇ and V̇o2musc kinetics—time constants (τ) ranging from 10 to 80 s—as responses to pseudorandom binary sequence work rate (WR) changes. Kinetic analyses were performed by using cross-correlation functions (CCFs) between WR with V̇o2pulm and V̇o2musc. Higher maxima of the CCF courses indicate faster system responses—equal to smaller τ values of the variables of interest (e.g., τV̇o2musc). The models demonstrated a highly significant relationship for the resulting V̇o2pulm responses ( r = 0.976, P < 0.001, n = 64). Both models showed significant differences between V̇o2pulm and V̇o2musc kinetics for τV̇o2musc ranging from 10 to 30 s ( P < 0.05 each). In addition, a significant difference in V̇o2pulm kinetics ( P < 0.05) between the models was observed for very fast V̇o2musc kinetics (τ = 10 s). The combinations of fast Q̇ dynamics and slow V̇o2musc kinetics yield distinct deviations in the resultant V̇o2pulm responses compared with V̇o2musc kinetics. Therefore, the venous return models should be used with care and caution if the aim is to infer V̇o2musc by means of V̇o2pulm kinetics. Finally, the resultant V̇o2pulm responses seem to be complex and most likely unpredictable if no cardiodynamic measurements are available in vivo. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A single-compartment and a multi-compartment venous return model were tested to see whether they result in different pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇o2pulm) kinetics from equal cardiac output and muscle oxygen uptake (V̇o2musc) kinetics. To infer V̇o2musc kinetics by means of V̇o2pulm kinetics, both models should only be used for V̇o2musc time constants ranging from 40 to 80 s. The resultant V̇o2pulm responses seem to be complex and most likely unpredictable if no cardiodynamic measurements are available.
Estrogen Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women Exposed In Utero to Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Troisi Rebecca , Hatch Elizabeth E. , Palmer Julie R. , Titus Linda , Sampson Joshua N. , Xu Xia , Hoover Robert N. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background: Prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and cancer of the breast and vagina/cervix in adult women. DES effects on estrogen metabolism have been hypothesized, but reproductive hormone concentrations and metabolic pathways have not been comprehensively described.
Methods: Blood samples were provided by 60 postmenopausal women (40 exposed and 20 unexposed) who were participants in the NCI Combined DES Cohort Study, had never used hormone supplements or been diagnosed with cancer, had responded to the most recent cohort study questionnaire, and lived within driving distance of Boston University Medical School (Boston, MA). Parent estrogens and their metabolites were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Age-adjusted percent changes in geometric means and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the exposed and unexposed were calculated.
Results: Concentrations of total estrogens (15.3%; CI, −4.1–38.5) and parent estrogens (27.1%; CI, −8.2–76.1) were slightly higher in the DES-exposed than unexposed. Ratios of path2:parent estrogens (−36.5%; CI, −53.0 to −14.3) and path2:path16 (−28.8%; CI, −47.3–3.7) were lower in the DES exposed. These associations persisted with adjustment for total estrogen, years since menopause, body mass index, parity, and recent alcohol intake.
Conclusions: These preliminary data suggest that postmenopausal women who were prenatally DES exposed may have relatively less 2 than 16 pathway estrogen metabolism compared with unexposed women.
Impact: Lower 2 pathway metabolism has been associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk and could potentially offer a partial explanation for the modest increased risk observed for prenatally DES-exposed women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(10); 1208–13. ©2018 AACR.
Blocking Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Function via Anti-DC-HIL/GPNMB Antibody Restores the In Vitro Integrity of T Cells from Cancer Patients
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Chung Jin-Sung , Beg Muhammad , Arriaga Yull , Verma Udit , Courtney Kevin , Mansour John , Haley Barbara , Khan Saad , Horiuchi Yutaka , Ramani Vijay , Harker David , Gopal Purva , Araghizadeh Farshid , Cruz Ponciano D. , Ariizumi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Blocking the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. Having shown DC-HIL/GPNMB to be the T-cell-inhibitory receptor mediating the suppressor function of MDSCs, we evaluated the potential of anti-DC-HIL mAb as an MDSC-targeting cancer treatment.

Experimental Design:
Patients with metastatic cancer (n = 198) were analyzed by flow cytometry for DC-HIL or PDL1 expression on blood CD14+HLA-DRno/lo MDSCs. Their suppressor function was assessed by in vitro coculture with autologous T cells, and the ability of anti-DC-HIL or anti-PDL1 mAb to reverse such function was determined. Tumor expression of these receptors was examined histologically, and the antitumor activity of the mAb was evaluated by attenuated growth of colon cancers in mice.

Results:
Patients with metastatic cancer had high blood levels of DC-HIL+ MDSCs compared with healthy controls. Anti-DC-HIL mAb reversed the in vitro function in ∼80% of cancer patients tested, particularly for colon cancer. Despite very low expression on blood MDSCs, anti-PDL1 mAb was as effective as anti-DC-HIL mAb in reversing MDSC function, a paradoxical phenomenon we found to be due to upregulated expression of PDL1 by T-cell-derived IFNγ in cocultures. DC-HIL is not expressed by colorectal cancer cells but by CD14+ cells infiltrating the tumor. Finally, anti-DC-HIL mAb attenuated growth of preestablished colon tumors by reducing MDSCs and increasing IFNγ-secreting T cells in the tumor microenvironment, with similar outcomes to anti-PDL1 mAb.

Conclusions:
Blocking DC-HIL function is a potentially useful treatment for at least colorectal cancer with high blood levels of DC-HIL+ MDSCs.
See related commentary by Colombo, p. 453