bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual effect of PEG-PE micelle over the oligomerization and fibrillation of human islet amyloid polypeptide
Authors: Fang Xiaocui , Yousaf Maryam , Huang Qunxing , Yang Yanlian , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe oligomerization and fibrillation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) play a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Strategies for remodelling the formation of hIAPP oligomers and fibrils have promising application potential in type 2 diabetes therapy. Herein, we demonstrated that PEG-PE micelle could inhibit hIAPP oligomerization and fibrillation through blocking the hydrophobic interaction and the conformational change from random coil to β-sheet structures of hIAPP. In addition, we also found that PEG-PE micelle could remodel the preformed hIAPP fibrils allowing the formation of short fibrils and co-aggregates. Taken together, PEG-PE micelle could rescue hIAPP-induced cytotoxicity by decreasing the content of hIAPP oligomers and fibrils that are related to the oxidative stress and cell membrane permeability. This study could be beneficial for the design and development of antiamyloidogenic agents.
Fluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles as a probe for zebrafish sensory hair cells targeted in vivo imaging
Authors: Gu Gyo Eun , Park Chul Soon , Cho Hyun-Ju , Ha Tai Hwan , Bae Joonwon , Kwon Oh Seok , Lee Jeong-Soo , Lee Chang-Soo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFluorescent polydopamine nanoparticles (FPNPs) are prepared via the ethylenediamine (EDA)-induced degradation of as-prepared non-fluorescent polydopamine (PDA) and used for targeted bioimaging. The reductive treatment of PDA in the presence of EDA yields fluorescent precipitates, inspiring us to seek various biological approaches to preparing FPNPs with excellent optical and biocompatible properties. Moreover, we firstly found that FPNPs selectively label neuromast hair cells in the lateral line of zebrafish, their applications as a reliable fluorescent indicator to investigate the neuromast hair cells, to in turn determine the viability of hair cells, was demonstrated. FPNPs also provided a minimal toxicity enable to assay the number of functional hair cells per neuromast in live animals as development proceeds. Upon combined incubation with TO-PRO-3, a well-established hair cell marker, all hair cells that were rapidly labeled with FPNPs were observed to be also completely labeled with the TO-PRO-3, labeling hair cells in neuromasts positioned in the supraorbital, otic and occipital lateral line as well as in posterior lateral line of living zebrafish larvae. Their potential efficacy for biological applications was demonstrated by their excellent optical and biocompatible properties, offering new opportunities in cancer research, real-time monitoring of stem cell transplantation and other cell-based therapies.
A Possible Role of Dust in Resolving the Holocene Temperature Conundrum
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Zhang Ming , Liu Zhengyu , Xia Yan , Huang Yi , Peng Yiran , Zhu Jiang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractClimate models generally fail to produce a warmer (by as much as 0.5 °C) early to mid-Holocene than the pre-industrial in the global annual temperature, which has been termed the Holocene temperature conundrum. Here we use a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model to test whether the conundrum can be partially resolved by considering the fact that atmospheric dust loading was much reduced during the early to mid-Holocene. Our experiments show that the global annual mean surface temperature increases by 0.30 °C and 0.23 °C for the mid-Holocene (6 ka) and early Holocene (9 ka), respectively, if the dust is completely removed. The temperature increase scales almost linearly with the fraction of dust being removed, with the 50% dust reduction experiment for the 6 ka being the only one deviating from the linear trend. The indirect effect of dust, which is highly uncertain and is not included in the model, may further enhance the warming. Therefore, the neglect of dust reduction in the Holocene in climate models could contribute significantly to the model-data discrepancy, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.
Cumulative risks of stent migration and gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with lumen-apposing metal stents
Authors: Garcia-Alonso Francisco , Sanchez-Ocana Ramón , Peñas-Herrero Irene , Law Ryan , Sevilla-Ribota Sergio , Torres-Yuste Raúl , Gil-Simón Paula , de la Serna Higuera Carlos , Perez-Miranda Manuel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background: Delayed gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and stent migration are known adverse events which may occur following placement of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMSs).
Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent LAMS placement between May 2011 and June 2017 at a single tertiary medical center were included. Demographics and procedural details were prospectively collected. Post-procedure follow-up and outcome measures were retrospectively collected. The cumulative risks of migration and LAMS-related GI bleeding were estimated using the life-table method. Risk predictors were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: We analyzed 250 patients (64.8 % men; median age 71.6 [interquartile range (IQR) 57.9 – 83.6]). Median follow-up was 78.5 days (IQR 31 – 246.5 days). Thirty-four stent migrations (13.6 %) occurred (5 symptomatic). On multivariable analysis, associations with migration included nasocystic drains (hazard ratio [HR] 6.5, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 2.2 – 19.3), pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs; HR 4.2, 95 %CI 1.8 – 10.1), and double-pigtail stents (HR 2.4, 95 %CI 1.2 – 4.9). Migration risk at 12 months was 25.5 % (95 %CI 17.9 % – 35.7 %) and was higher for PFCs 48.9 % (33.4 % – 66.9 %) than other indications 8.4 % (4.9 % – 17.5 %; P < 0.001). LAMSs placed for longer durations (i. e. enteral anastomoses, biliary and gallbladder drainage) presented an 8.4 % cumulative risk at 2 years. There were 13 LAMS-related GI hemorrhages (5.2 %), two of them fatal, presenting a median of 3 days (IQR 1 – 9 days) after deployment. The cumulative risk of bleeding at 12 months was 6.9 % (3.6 % – 12.7 %).
Conclusions: LAMS migration occurs in 1 out of 7 cases and is most common when treating PFCs. Bleeding related to LAMS placement occurs much less commonly but can be life-threatening.
Is Rotational Thromboelastometry the Answer for Rapid Prediction of Coagulopathy on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation?
Authors: Karanjkar Ameya , Bhardwaj Vandana , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) induces a variety of changes in hemostatic system due to various reasons such as exposure to the extracorporeal circuit, activation of the coagulation and complement pathways, consumption of platelets, activation of various mediators of inflammation, and imbalance between clot formation and resorption. Giving cryoprecipitate and platelet concentrates is more important than adding whole blood in these patients. EXTEM CT and FIBTEM A5 give results within a few minutes and shortened turnaround time brings imported results.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Critical Care: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Conrad Steven A. , Rycus Peter T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides support for cardiac and pulmonary failure, and it was introduced into clinical practice over 40 years ago. The translation of surgical extracorporeal circulation into long-term support was enabled by the development of efficient, biocompatible artificial lungs and blood pumps. Early clinical trials in adult patients did not support clinical benefit in acute respiratory failure, but they were plagued by lack of center experience, older approaches to management, and lack of understanding of ventilator-induced lung injury. Recent clinical trials and retrospective studies, however, suggest a benefit in selected patients. Three neonatal trials for respiratory failure led to ECMO as a standard of care in this population, as well as in the pediatric population despite lack of controlled trials. Cardiac support with ECMO took a foothold in the management of pediatric congenital heart disease in the perioperative period, and subsequently expanded to adult cardiac failure for both perioperative and nonsurgical indications. Presently, ECMO is used to support a variety of etiologies of cardiac and pulmonary failure in all age groups. Expanding indications include support of septic shock, cardiopulmonary arrest, and donation after cardiac death, as well as bridging patients with chronic disease to transplant or long-term support devices. The future is focused on developing integrated support systems, overcoming the requirement for anticoagulation, and perfecting long-term implantable or paracorporeal pulmonary support systems.
Extracorporeal Circulatory/Life Support: An Update
Authors: Swanevelder Justiaan L. C. , Firmin Richard K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe evolution of extracorporeal life support technology has added a new advanced dimension to intensive care management of acute cardiac and/or respiratory failure in neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients who fail conventional treatment. ECMO has been a controversial subject within the intensive care community for many years. Perceptions have, however, changed positively over the past decade due to a need for improved management of these groups of patients, technological advances, and evolving evidence. As is common with many emerging therapies, its optimal use is currently not fully backed by quality evidence.
Thromboelastography in Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Singh Sarvesh Pal , Solanki Yogesh , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe authors hereby report the case of a 16-year-old girl who was put on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome. Use of thromboelastography as a supplement to conventional hemostatic investigations is highlighted to achieve an optimal anticoagulation state during the ECMO.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Cardiotoxic Drug Overdose—A Lifesaving Intervention
Authors: Subash Sundar Singh , Nandakumar Madhusoodhanan Nandanam , Placid Siroraj Alphonse , Cherian Vijay Thomas , Palangadan Shaji , Kumar Suresh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in cardiotoxic drug overdose is increasing. Calcium channel blockers along with β-blockers constitute more than 65% of deaths from cardiovascular medications. The authors report here a case of ECMO use for amlodipine and telmisartan tablet overdose, where ECMO was used to salvage the patient’s life as a life-saving intervention.
One-Stage Arthroscopic Reduction Combined with Multiligament Reconstruction or Repair for Irreducible Posterolateral Knee Dislocation: A Retrospective Case Series with Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Hongwu Zhuo , Li Jian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes after arthroscopic management of irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation. Twenty-one patients with irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation were treated in our institution from January 2009 to May 2014. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients who underwent one-stage arthroscopic reduction combined with multiligament reconstruction or repair and (2) patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Knee stability was assessed using physical examination and side-to-side differences (SSD) determined with a KT-1000 arthrometer and Telos stress device. Other assessments included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm score, Tegner score, and patient satisfaction rate. Thirteen of the 21 patients (8 males and 5 females) met our inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis. The mean age was 37.8 years (range, 27–56 years). The mean time from injury to surgery was 1.84 days (range, 1–3 days). The mean follow-up period was 32.6 months (range, 24–46 months). At the final follow-up, with the exception of one patient who had an abnormal valgus stress test, all patients achieved normal or nearly normal Lachman test, pivot shift test, posterior drawer test, and varus and valgus stress tests. The mean SSD of total anterior–posterior translation and isolated anterior translation determined with a KT-1000 arthrometer were 2.15 ± 1.57 mm (range, 0–6 mm) and 1.61 ± 0.86 mm (range, 1–4 mm), respectively. The mean SSD of anterior translation, posterior translation, and medial and lateral joint gapping determined with a Telos stress device were 2.23 ± 0.92 mm (range, 1–4 mm), 3.23 ± 1.16 mm (range, 2–5 mm), 1.77 ± 1.87 mm (range, 0–7 mm), and 0.46 ± 0.52 mm (range, 0–2 mm), respectively. The IKDC subjective score, Lysholm score, and Tegner score improved significantly postoperatively (p = 0.001) with a satisfaction rate of 84.6%. One-stage arthroscopic reduction combined with multiligament reconstruction or repair was an effective, reliable treatment for irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation. This is a case series with level of evidence as IV.
A Retrospective Database Analysis of Neonatal Morbidities to Evaluate a Composite Endpoint for Use in Preterm Labor Clinical Trials
Authors: Pimenta Jeanne , Ebeling Myla , Montague Timothy , Beach Kathleen , Abell Jill , O'Shea Michael , Powell Marcy , Hulsey Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Objective To propose and assess a composite endpoint (CE) of neonatal benefit based on neonatal mortality and morbidities by gestational age (GA) for use in preterm labor clinical trials.
Study Design A descriptive, retrospective analysis of the Medical University of South Carolina Perinatal Information System database was conducted. Neonatal morbidities were assessed for inclusion in the CE based on clinical significance/risk of childhood neurodevelopmental impairment, frequency, and association with GA in a mother–neonate linked cohort, comprising women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies delivered at ≥24 weeks' GA.
Results Among 17,912 mother–neonate pairs, neonates were at a risk of numerous severe but infrequent morbidities. Clinically important, predominantly rare events were combined into a CE comprising neonatal mortality and morbidities, which decreased in frequency with increasing GA. The highest CE frequency occurred at <31 weeks. High frequency of respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sepsis drove the CE. Median length of hospital stay was longer at all GAs in those with the CE compared with those without.
Conclusions Descriptive epidemiological assessment and clinical input were used to develop a CE to measure neonatal benefit, comprising clinically meaningful outcomes. These empirical data and CE allowed trials investigating tocolytics to be sized appropriately.
Patellofemoral Imbalance in a Balanced Total Knee Arthroplasty: How Does it Occur?
Authors: Lenz Nathan , Laster Scott , Sheth Neil , Schwarzkopf Ran , Evangelista Perry 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite the overall successful outcomes following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the concept that a well-balanced TKA yields a more successful result, concerns still remain in the reported literature regarding the patellofemoral joint. Diminished outcomes have been associated with poorly balanced or placed patella implants. The effect of different techniques to achieve flexion–extension balance and the use of posterior stabilized (PS) versus cruciate retaining (CR) implant designs on patellofemoral balancing has not been previously studied. The purpose of this study is to utilize a validated computational analysis software to simulate the effects of varying implant positions and sizes of femoral components. The patellofemoral retinaculum (PFR) load was significantly affected by some conditions, while others did not reach significance. The proximal-distal implant position with knee flexion angle (p < 0.001), the implant size (p < 0.001), and the implant bearing type (CR/PS) (p < 0.05) were significant. For the proximal-distal implant position and knee flexion angle, a more proximal implant position (elevating the joint line) increased the PFR load from 15 to 30°, and a more proximal implant position reduced retinaculum load from 60 to 135°. However, at 45°, implant position does not affect retinaculum load. Achieving the appropriate balance between the dynamic nature of both the tibiofemoral and the patellofemoral interaction in TKA has proven to be complex and challenging to manage. Balancing of a TKA is essential to the proper functioning and overall longevity of the implant. These results demonstrate that patellofemoral balance is affected by implant size and position during flexion–extension gap balancing.
Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in a Very Preterm Infant due to ABCC8 Mutation
Authors: Piccini Barbara , Coviello Caterina , Drovandi Livia , Rosangela Artuso , Monzali Francesca , Casalini Emilio , Giglio Sabrina , Toni Sonia , Dani Carlo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a monogenic form of diabetes occurring within 6 months from birth. NDM can be permanent or transient (TNDM). We report the case of a preterm infant with TNDM due to an ABCC8 mutation identified by next-generation sequencing. The pancreatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) channel is a key regulator of insulin secretion. Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding the Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) subunits of the channel cause neonatal diabetes. The patient was successfully managed with insulin lispro at a 1:100 dilution, drawn up in an insulin pen injector with a 4-mm needle. The insulin lispro dilution allowed administration of the exact insulin doses, obtaining a good glycemic control and minimizing the burden of injections. At 2 months, corrected age insulin doses were progressively decreased until discontinuation.
The Relationship between Soft-Tissue Balance and Intraoperative Kinematics of Guided Motion Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Taketomi Shuji , Yamagami Ryota , Shirakawa Nobuyuki , Kawaguchi Kouhei , Tanaka Sakae , Inui Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new design of the so-called “guided-motion” total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is expected to produce normal-like kinematics. The implant behaves strictly as a mechanically constraint-guided motion system. However, no previous reports have demonstrated the most appropriate surgical technique or soft-tissue balance that would reproduce ideal kinematics. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between soft-tissue balance and the intraoperative kinematics of guided-motion TKA. In this study, intraoperative kinematics of 95 patients whose TKA was performed with a guided-motion prosthesis (Journey II BCS Smith and Nephew) were measured using the computed tomography (CT)-free navigation system. All procedures were performed via the same soft-tissue balancing technique, which focused on the medial compartment because guided-motion TKA must acquire medial stability to induce medial pivot motion. We measured the extension and flexion osteotomy gaps using a force-controlled compartment-specific ligament tensioner with a distraction force of 80 N for each compartment and divided patients into three groups based on the relationship between extension and flexion joint osteotomy gaps of the medial compartment: group1– loose flexion gap, group 2–equal joint gap, and group 3–tight flexion gap. We compared the preoperative demographic characteristics, implant alignment, and intraoperative kinematics among the three groups. There was no difference between the preoperative demographic characteristics and postoperative implant alignment in the three groups. The relative tibial internal rotational angles in groups 1 and 2 were significantly larger than that in group 3 at 60°, 90°, and maximum flexion (p < 0.05). The appropriate soft-tissue balance of the medial compartment for guided-motion TKA was an equal joint osteotomy gap or a larger flexion than extension gap. A tight flexion gap should be avoided.
Comparison of Techniques for Preimplantation Treatment of Osteochondral Allograft Bone
Authors: Baumann Charles , Baumann John , Bozynski Chantelle , Stoker Aaron , Stannard James , Cook James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArticular defects are a major problem with few effective treatment options. Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation can be an effective treatment; however, lack of OCA bone integration can cause failure. This controlled laboratory study was designed to compare clinically applicable methods for marrow element removal and enhanced delivery of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) to OCA bone. We hypothesized that compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) treatment of OCA bone would result in significantly better marrow element removal, significantly more retention and distribution of viable osteoprogenitor cells, and significantly higher osteoinductive protein elution from OCAs compared with other preimplantation treatments. Fresh humeral heads (n = 24) were harvested and stored for 14 days, then randomly assigned to treatment based on marrow element removal and bone treatment: (standard of care [SOC]) (n = 4) – SOC high-pulse saline lavage, no BMC; (BMC) (n = 5) – saline lavage then canine BMC; (Drill + BMC) (n = 5) – 1.1 mm drill-hole immediately subchondral then saline lavage then BMC injection through drill hole; (Carb + BMC) (n = 5) – saline lavage then CO2 then BMC; or (Saline-Carb + BMC) (n = 5) – saline lavage and CO2 together then BMC. Treated OCAs were cultured for 14 days. On day 3, media were collected, centrifuged to isolate cells, and replaced. Cells were cultured for 11 days for colony forming unit (CFU) determination. OCA media were collected on days 7 and 14 of culture for analysis. On day 14, each graft was assessed for viable cell retention and distribution, and bone marrow element removal. BMC had significantly higher (p = 0.001) viable cell distribution compared with the SOC, Drill + BMC, Carb + BMC, and Saline-Carb + BMC groups. BMC and Drill + BMC had significantly higher (p < 0.05) CFUs than SOC, Carb + BMC, and Saline-Carb + BMC. Drill + BMC and Carb + BMC had the highest media concentrations of the osteoinductive biomarkers. The Carb + BMC and Saline-Carb + BMC groups were associated with significantly superior marrow element removal (p < 0.02) compared with the SOC, Drill + BMC, and BMC groups. Saline irrigation plus saturation with autogenous BMC appears to be the most advantageous preimplantation treatment for OCA transplantation.