bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of build-up region dose with optical cone-beam computed tomography scanner
Authors: Garisto Sarah , Jordan Kevin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Measurement of the dose gradients from the entrance surface to depth is a standard task for characterizing an ionizing radiation beam. Most gel dosimeters provide spurious results near an air interface, limiting their value for this geometry. In this study, a 3D dosimeter system consisting of a low-diffusion, radiochromic hydrogel cast in a custom polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) vessel and imaged with a modified commercial optical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner was employed. The cylindrical vessel wall and flat ends were constructed from a 0.025 cm thick PETE sheet. The optical CBCT scanner was modified to place the entire vessel in the centre of the field of view or to have the vessel base at the optical axis. Pre-irradiation and post-irradiation scans were acquired with the sample mounted in the standard and elevated positions. The sample was irradiated with a 2x2 cm square, 6 MV x-ray beam. Normalized attenuation coefficients from the central quarter of the reconstructed beam images were compared to a Monte Carlo depth dose calculation. Placing the vessel base at the optical axis allowed accurate dose measurements to within 0.2 cm of the entrance face and for the standard position to within 0.4 cm. These measurements validated the Monte Carlo calculation and provide an alternative to parallel plate ion chambers for dose measurement in the build-up region.
Feasibility study of a dry optical CT scanner using aspherical lenses
Authors: De Deene Yves 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dry scanners have been proposed as alternatives to scanners in which a refractive index matching fluid is used. Previous dry scanners either have a small field-of-view or employ a thick cast with a higher refractive index than the phantom. This may not always be feasible. A new design is proposed in this study where two aspherical meniscus lenses are employed to direct the laser beams in parallel lines through the phantom.
Assessing CBCT-based patient positioning accuracy on the Gamma Knife IconTM via Presage® 3D absolute dosimetry
Authors: Xu Andy Y. , Wang Yi-Fang , Admovics John , Wuu Cheng-Shie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging has been implemented on the Leksell Gamma Knife Icon
TM
for repeated patient positioning in mask-based Gamma Knife radiosurgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the CBCT-based patient positioning on the Gamma Knife Icon
TM
. Two Presage phantoms of 15 cm diameter and 10 cm height were irradiated with identical shot placements on an Acoustic Neuroma target with the same prescription dose following standard mask-based treatment workflow according to two different fraction schedules: a single fraction of 7.5 Gy and 5 fractions with 1.5 Gy fraction dose. On the top and the bottom portions of each phantom, 8 single 16 mm collimator shots were delivered with maximum doses from 2 Gy to 20 Gy for dose sensitivity calibration. The irradiated Presage phantoms were scanned and analyzed using an OCTOPOUS optical CT scanner. Both the absolute dose distributions and the relative dose distributions for the Acoustic target on each phantom were compared with those from the treatment planning system. The relative dose distribution from the single fraction irradiation agrees better with the planning system than the 5 fraction irradiation, indicating noticeable change in the dose distribution caused by the phantom positioning/repositioning process. No difference between the absolute dose distributions from the two phantoms could be identified because of the large uncertainty in the experiment data.
Initial performance evaluation of a 3D gel dosimeter based on modified tetrazolium compounds
Authors: Hazarika Rubin , Penev Kalin I , Mequanint Kibret , Jordan Kevin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tetrazolium-based 3D gellan gum gel dosimeters have been reported previously and tested at several sites. They show no image diffusion and excellent stability; however, the dose sensitivity of the current commercial product, ClearView™, is relatively low for routine clinical applications. Here we report initial testing of a second generation product with increased sensitivity and retained non-diffusive properties. This formulation has a 25% increase in sensitivity relative to ClearView™. However, the sample has a higher initial attenuation and the background attenuation increases faster than ClearView™. The composition was tested in a 1-liter sealed container using a 2x2 cm, 6MV, x-ray beam, and show agreement between Monte Carlo simulation and measurements.
Evaporation and diffusion of chloroform with the deformable FlexyDos3D radiation dosimeter
Authors: Wheatley M J , Booth J T , De Deene Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chloroform in the FlexyDos3D dosimeter acts as a radical initiator which brings about the colour change of the dosimeter when the radicals react with the leucomalachite green. However, the volatility of the chloroform likely results in a rapid loss of chloroform from the dosimeter. Gravimetric analysis and NMR diffusion-ordered coherence spectroscopy were used to measure the diffusion and evaporation rates of chloroform from the dosimeter and found that both rates were both significantly large resulting in a rapid loss of chloroform. Dose maps of irradiated phantoms aged for different times found a significant difference in the dose measurements of the dosimeter, likely a result of the different chloroform concentrations within the dosimeters.
Radiation induced degradation of rhodamine 6G and 7-Diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin in nano-clay gel for use in dosimeter
Authors: Maeyama T. , Mochizuki A. , Takanashi T. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and 7-diethylamino-4-methylcoumarin (7D4MC) were applied to a nanoclay gel dosimeter based on radiation-induced degradation. The radiological properties were evaluated under X-ray irradiation. The fluorescent dyes showed linear degradation with an increase in dose. In addition, the distribution of fluorescence induced by inhomogeneous irradiation was maintained for two months and a suppressed diffusion of the fluorescent dyes in the gel matrix was observed.
Gel dosimetry measurement of dose enhancement bismuth-based nanoparticles in radiation therapy
Authors: Rajaee Azimeh , Wang Shi , Zhao Lingyun , Liu Yaqiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently bismuth-based nanoparticles as a promising radiosensitizer have drawn great attention in radiation therapy. To prove physical dose enhancement effect of the nanoparticles, gel dosimeters can be considered as an ideal method. This study aims to prove the applicability of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles as a magnetic localized dose enhancement agent by gel dosimetry method. Bismuth ferrite nanoparticle was synthesized by the conventional sol-gel method. Then we investigated dose enhancement property of the nanoparticles with gel dosimetry. MAGIC Polymer Gel dosimeters with nanoparticles were prepared and irradiated. According to gel dosimetry assay, for 0.5 mg/ml concentration of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles dose enhancement factor were obtained as 2 and 1.6 at 160 keV and average energy of 380 keV, respectively. Moreover, radiosensitiser effect of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles in presence of a low dose rate brachytherapy source (125-I) was investigated by Monte Carlo method. Whereas bismuth ferrite nanoparticles have magnetic property, we made a biodegradable spacer (fiducial) brachytherapy loaded with the nanoparticles for delivering nanoparticles and drug by applying an external magnetic field.
Teaching the principles of X-ray CT and SPECT using optical CT, glowsticks and a scaled anthropomorphic phantom
Authors: De Deene Yves 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Teaching demonstrations of computerized tomography (CT) and Single-Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) to biomedical engineering and medical physics students is hampered by a limited accessibility to clinical scanners, especially during day time. The use of ionizing radiation and radioactive sources in X-ray CT and SPECT further complicates the design of a teaching laboratory session. We here propose an inexpensive and safe educational demonstration of CT and SPECT on an anthropomorphic phantom whereby a visible light source serves as source and a CCD camera serves as detector. The equivalent of a SPECT radionuclide in optical CT scanning is a chemiluminescent material which can be obtained relatively inexpensive in the form of party glow sticks. The proposed teaching tool comprises several learning outcomes such as hands-on construction of the scanner, the acquisition of images and image reconstruction. Also, different imaging artefacts can be simulated and investigated.
A sliding-window approach for improved VMAT dose calculation accuracy
Authors: Alahmad Haitham N , Park Ji-Yeon , Potter Nicholas J , Lu Bo , Yan Guanghua , Liu Chihray , Li Jonathan G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A sliding-window (SW) methodology for VMAT dose calculation was developed. For any two adjacent VMAT control points (CPs) n and n+1, the dose distribution was approximated by a 2-CP SW IMRT beam with the starting MLC positions at CP n and ending MLC positions at CP n+1, with the gantry angle fixed in the middle of the two VMAT CPs. Therefore, for any VMAT beam with N CPs, the dose is calculated with N-1 SW beams. VMAT plans were generated for ten patients in Pinnacle using 4° gantry spacing. For each patient, the VMAT plan was converted to a SW IMRT plan and dose was re-calculated. Another VMAT plan, with 1° gantry spacing, was created by interpolating the original VMAT beam. The original plans were delivered on an Elekta Versa HD and measured with Mapcheck2 using an in-house developed subarc method. For both the isodose distribution and DVH, there were significant differences between the original VMAT plan and either the SW or the interpolated plan. However, they were indistinguishable between the SW and interpolated plans. The average passing rate between the original VMAT plan and measurements was 84%. For both the interpolated and SW plans, the average passing rate was 96%. We conclude that the proposed SW approach improves VMAT dose calculation accuracy without increase in dose calculation time.
Digital methods of managing investment and construction projects as a factor of sustainable territorial development
Authors: Dmitriev A N , Yu Kallaur G , Papikian L M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Currently, the documents of strategic planning in Russia prescribe the innovative economic development based on digital technologies. In construction, which is a material and technical basis for the development of other industries, the question of introducing and using information-modeling technology is of paramount importance. This fact determined the subject of this study. The relevance of the topic is dictated by the search for ways of sustainable economic development with regard to the sectoral and territorial aspects based on the effective implementation of investment-and-construction projects in the emerging digital environment. The authors use analytical and comparative methods to summarize the present international experience in the development of construction in the context of application of information modeling technologies. Based on that, they also consider the basic principles of economic development in the context of using digital methods as the main factor of sustainable territorial development. As a result, proposals were formulated for integrating the information modeling of capital construction facilities into the project management system at various levels of economic decision making: federal, regional, municipal, and business. Through the example of Moscow, the territorial-sectoral structure of managing investment and construction projects was considered. The authors substantiated their conclusions on the priority measures for the development of the innovation system in construction for the sustainable territorial development.
Evaluation of the use of hunting potential in the Republic of Buryatia
Authors: Osodoev P V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article considers the current state of hunting resources use in the Republic of Buryatia. The dynamics of abundance and production of the main species of commercial animals from 1990 to 2017 is analyzed. The low demand for some species leads to underutilization of the available potential. The greatest efficiency of hunting resources use is observed in relation to sable and musk deer. On the basis of data on the number, production of hunting animals and average market prices for products, the potential and annual use of hunting resources have been estimated. Hunting farms in the region are characterized by an extensive production method, based on the provision of lands for hunters on the rental basis. Share of expenses for the development of infrastructure and the implementation of biotechnical measures in hunting farms expenditure pattern is insignificant. The main directions of improvement of hunting resources use effectiveness are the measures aimed at increasing the number of hunting animals (biotechnical measures), combating illegal hunting, regulating the number of large predators. The use of hunting areas for recreational purposes and development of hunting tourism is promising.
The dynamics of biogenic elements in the ecosystem of Lake Arakhley (Eastern Transbaikal Region)
Authors: Matveeva M O , Ts Tsybekmitova G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study presents the interannual dynamics of biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus) in Lake Arakhley and compares functioning values of the water ecosystem within different types of intra-annual (seasonal) dynamics of the content of biogenic elements and organic matter in low water years and high water years. The research shows tendencies of increasing and decreasing contents of nitrogen and phosphorus. In low water years, organic matter is autochtonous, whereas in high water years its origin is allochtonous. The concentrations of biogenic elements do not exceed the values of maximum permissible concentration in fishery waters which means that eutrophication has not started. It was found that the dynamics of the content of nitrogen and phosphorus is determined by change in abiotic conditions and rate of biochemical and biological processes. The findings provide better understanding how mesotrophic lakes function.
Aromatic polybenzimidazoles from diamide and diamines
Authors: Ch Kholkhoev B , Burdukovskii V F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Aromatic polybenzimidazoles were obtained by oxidative dehydrocyclization of polyamidines, which were originally synthesized through polycondensation of 4,4’-oxybis(benzoic acid) diamide and diamines in Eaton’s reagent. The transformation was performed in solution using hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite as oxidants. It was found that the degree of conversion was not noticeably influenced by the polymer concentration in solution and by its molecular weight, whereas the oxidant content exerted appreciable influence. Under the optimal reaction conditions degree of cyclization reaches 95%. The viscosity characteristics of polybenzimidazoles suggest that the transformation of polyamidines is not accompanied by a change in their molecular weights.
K5InHf(MoO4)6: A solid state conductor
Authors: Grossman V G , Bazarov B G , Bazarova J G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Potassium indium hafnium molybdate of composition K5InHf(MoO4)6 has been studied by powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis and impedance spectroscopy. The compound has high ion conductivity. The high conductivity of K5InHf(MoO4)6 allows us to consider it as a promising solid electrolyte.
Recyclability of plastic waste extracted from electrical devices
Authors: Turku I , Kärki T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The mechanical recyclability of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, high impact polystyrene, polycarbonate and polypropylene extracted from electric equipment waste was studied. The secondary raw material was tested on a broad range of working characteristics, such as melt flow index, thermal properties as well as tensile properties of injection molded samples were detected. Parameters were compared with parameters of unprocessed counterparts presented in the literature.
The biocompatibility of titanium alloy or stainless steel internal fixation material combined with anti-tuberculosis drug sustained-release carrier
Authors: Wang Na , Guo Shaoning , Yang Kang , Wang Jinguo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to summarize the treatment of characteristics of bone tuberculosis with titanium alloy or stainless steel internal fixation devices combined with antituberculosis sustained-release materials. A search of literature on the implantation of titanium alloy or stainless steel internal fixation devices combined with anti-tuberculosis sustained-release materials for bone tuberculosis from 1995 to 2019 was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. Local sustained-release anti-tuberculosis drugs have been applied in surgical treatment of bone and joint tuberculosis. It can reduce the adverse reactions of systemic administration of a number of anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with bone tuberculosis and continuously achieve the local effective anti-tuberculosis effect. At present, there are many kinds of materials used in drug sustained-release materials, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is difficult to achieve the ideal effect of antituberculosis and bone repair. Different materials can be used together to make up the disadvantages for each other. The further progress towards ideal biological materials can be achieved. It may be the developing trend of clinical application of multi-material composite as sustained-release carrier against tuberculosis.
Development and application of an anticorrosion type water release agent
Authors: Xing Juxiang , Xiong Long , Li Xing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Water based release agents have attracted widely attention in recent years due to their advantages, such as environmental and convenience. However, during the application process, the resistance to the steel mould is not obvious, and the concrete surface is easy to rust, which affects the appearance of the concrete surface. The application of aluminium mould can’t solve the problem of bubble and surface ash. The ZJTM anticorrosion type water release agent developed in this paper can effectively solve the corrosion of the concrete surface, bubble and surface ash, and the effect is remarkable in all kinds of engineering.
Synthesis of Ag doped SiO2-TiO2 aerogels with nano-sized microcrystalline anatase structure through IL control
Authors: Dai Hongyi , Jun Zhao , Yin Yuxin , Shao Guolin , Yu Chunling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper, Ag doped SiO2-TiO2 aerogels with nano-sized microcrystalline anatase structure through a sol-gel way, ionic liquid(IL), 1 – butyl-3-methylimidazole bromide ([bmim]Br), is used as a structure control agent. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, XRD and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (BET analyses). The photocatalytic activities were investigated by degration of active brilliant blue under UV-light. It was demonstrated that IL facilitate the formation of mesoporous and anatase microcrystalline structure at around ambient condition, without calcination. Both at sol-step and gel-step, the concentration of IL aqueous solution prominently effected on the structure properties of catalysts. Surface area, crystalline grain dimension and mecroporous structure all played important roles in the degradation reactions. The catalyst with 1/10 Si/Ti ratio, 385.2 m2g-1surface area and 6.2nm crystalline grian size, showed excellent photocatalytic degradation rate up to 99.7%.
A-02 Baseline Symptom Reporting Scores Vary Between International and Domestic Athletes as Measured by SCAT-5 and ImPACT
Authors: Norheim N , Kissinger-Knox A , Grueninger K , Roccaforte A , LoGalbo A , Webbe F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Prior research has not evaluated symptom-reporting differences between international and domestic athletes for baseline concussion symptoms. Since universities enroll both, it is important to consider differences for interpretation of post-trauma assessments. This study compared symptom endorsements between international and domestic athletes utilizing the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) and Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT).

Method
622 domestic collegiate athletes, aged 17-25 years (M = 19.29, SD = 1.44; 65% male), and 167 international collegiate athletes, aged 17-24 (M = 20.27, SD = 1.61; 62% male) were administered the SCAT5 and ImPACT. All symptoms were compared.

Results
International participants (M = 3.46; SD = 3.99) reported significantly more symptoms, U = 42561, p < 0.001 (Mann-Whitney U Test), on the SCAT5 compared to domestic participants (M = 2.43; SD = 3.20), and at a greater severity, U = 43404, p = 0.001, among international participants (M = 5.04; SD = 7.27) compared to domestic participants (M = 3.70; SD = 5.54). Of the 22 SCAT5 symptoms, 9 were endorsed more frequently by international students. International participants (M = 4.95; SD = 7.57) also reported significantly more symptoms, U = 43514, p = 0.001, on the ImPACT compared to domestic participants (M = 3.18; SD = 5.35). Of the 22 ImPACT symptoms, 12 were endorsed more frequently by international students and 2 by domestic.

Conclusions
International athletes report significantly more symptoms and at a greater severity on ImPACT and SCAT5 compared to domestic athletes. Differences did not appear related to travel and fatigue such as sensitivity to light and noise, difficulty concentrating, and feeling more emotional. Over 20,000 international student-athletes are enrolled in the NCAA, it is important to note differences observed in symptom reporting for appropriate baseline evaluation (NCAA, 2019).
A-09 Attention in individuals with Heroin dependence measured by digit span versus continuous performance test
Authors: Sarkissians S , Hauson A , Stelmach N , Walker A , Pollard A , Barlet B , Hall M , Wollman S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Heroin dependent individuals appear to have significant deficits in attention which can be assessed using digit span forward (DSF) or the continuous performance test (CPT). The current meta-analysis examined differences between DSF and CPT results in studies of heroin dependent participants.

Data selection
Two researchers independently searched nine databases (e.g., PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProceedingsFirst), extracted required data, and calculated effect sizes. Inclusion criteria identified studies that had (a) compared heroin-dependent groups to healthy controls and (b) matched groups on either age, education, or IQ (at least 2 out of 3). Studies were excluded if participants were reported to have Axis I diagnoses (other than heroin dependence) or comorbidities known to impact neuropsychological functioning. Ten articles were coded and analyzed for the current study.

Data synthesis
When examined together, DSF and CPT evidenced a moderate and statistically significant effect size estimate (g = 0.614, p = .002). Subgroup analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences between the two groups (Q-Between = 0.228, p = 0.633). The effect size for DSF was g = 0.535 (p = 0.001) and for CPT was g = 0.774 (p = 0.104). The heterogeneity of DSF was in the moderate range, I2 = 71.291%, p = 0.002 while the heterogeneity of CPT was in the large range I2 = 97.863%, p = 0.001.

Conclusion
Heroin dependent individuals appear to demonstrate similarly poor performance on DSF and CPT. Assuming that both tests measure the same construct, both appear to be sensitive to the effect of Heroin on attention.