bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single kidney transplantation from donors with acute kidney injury: A single‐center experience
Authors: Jiang Yamei , Song Turun , Liu Jinpeng , Wang Zhiling , Wang Xianding , Huang Zhongli , Fan Yu , Lin Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite a severe shortage of organ supply, patients are reluctant to accept organs from deceased donors with AKI, let alone from pediatric AKI donors.MethodsWe assessed 70 patients who received kidneys from donors with AKI (10 with pediatric and 60 with adult donors) and 176 contemporaneous patients who received kidneys from non‐AKI donors (41 with pediatric and 135 with adult donors) between March 2012 and February 2017 for retrospectively evaluating the clinical outcomes.ResultsAKI was defined and staging by the RIFLE criteria and pediatric‐modified RIFLE criteria. Median age was 11.00 years IQR (4.50‐14.00 years), and median weight was 25.00 kg (IQR, 17.00‐45.00 kg) for all pediatric donors. Median follow‐up was 8 months (range, 1‐49 months). Adult AKI group had the highest incidence of DGF (35.0% vs 10%, 9.8%, and 19.3%, P = 0.011). There was a significant increase in DGF in higher AKI stages (Risk: 20.7%, Injury: 46.7%, Failure: 50.0%; P = 0.014) among patients with adult donors. No significant differences were noted in 1‐year (100.0%, 95.1%, 98.3%, and 97.8%; P = 0.751) and 3‐year (100.0%, 95.1%, 98.3%, and 97.8%; P = 0.751) patient survival, and 1‐year (90.0%, 97.6%, 98.3%, and 95.6%; P = 0.535) and 3‐year (90.0%, 97.6%, 98.3%, and 95.6%; P = 0.535) graft survival.ConclusionTransplants procured from donors with AKI, particularly pediatric ones, could achieve excellent intermediate‐term clinical outcomes and thus potentially expand the donor pool.
Improvements cardiometabolic risk factors in Latin American Amerindians (the Mapuche) with concurrent training
Authors: Álvarez Cristian , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Ramírez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Lucia Alejandro , Alonso‐Martinez Alicia M. , Faúndez Harry , Cadore Eduardo L. , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: February 2019

Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of CT (ie, high‐intensity interval and resistance training) in Mapuche adults from Chile and in their peers of European descent. In total, 96 hyperglycemic adult women (mean age 46 years [95% confidence interval; 38, 53]) were divided in four groups: Mapuche CT (Map‐CT, n = 14) or control group (Map‐CG, n = 44), and European CT (Eur‐CT, n = 14) or control group (Eur‐CG, n = 23). The following endpoints were analyzed at baseline and after 12 weeks: anthropometric (body mass, body mass index, waist circumference), body composition (fat mass, muscle mass, lean mass), cardiovascular (systolic [SBP]/diastolic [DBP] blood pressure), metabolic (blood fasting glucose and total cholesterol), and muscle strength (handgrip of dominant/non‐dominant arm). There were significant positive changes in body mass, body fat, and muscle mass (P < 0.0001) in both Map‐CT and Eur‐CT groups, whereas waist circumference was decreased significantly only in the Eur‐CT group (P < 0.0001). Both Map‐CT and Eur‐CT groups showed decreased levels of fasting glucose (P < 0.05) and total cholesterol after the intervention (P < 0.0001). Also, both Map‐CT (P < 0.05) and Eur‐CT (P = 0.01) groups showed a lowered SBP. Finally, significant increases were observed after training in handgrip strength (dominant arm) in Map‐CT and Eur‐CT groups (both P < 0.0001). CT led to similar improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors for metabolic syndrome development in Mapuche and European participants, with additional improvements in other anthropometric, body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic, and muscle strength parameters related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome. These results suggest future more complex studies.
How Do Community Development Activities Affect the Construction of Rural Places? A Case Study from Finland
Authors: Kumpulainen Kaisu , Soini Katriina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCommunity‐based development practices have been seen as the prevailing paradigm for rural development. Rural community development practices are employed especially through local non‐governmental organisations, such as village associations, to ensure that rural communities are vital and attractive places to live. In this article, we explore how community development practices affect and shape rural places. The data were collected in three Finnish villages that each have an active village association and that have adopted community development practices as their method of keeping their village viable. According to the results of our study, the impacts of community practices on rural places can be classified in terms of three interconnected phenomena: the strengthening of entrepreneurial culture, the increase of networking and institutionalisation, which refers here to processes by which rural communities become incorporated in formal rural governance programmes. All of these phenomena indicate that community actions have become more goal‐oriented and emphasise the responsibility of community agency in developing rural areas.
The tissue viability imaging system—Suitable method for discovering minimal skin changes in occupational screenings? Results of a cross‐sectional field study
Authors: Weistenhöfer Wobbeke , Uter Wolfgang , Bernet Franziska , Drexler Hans 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor early detection of initial skin changes in occupational screenings, only few objective assessment systems are available.ObjectivesWith the aim of assessing an objective measurement method for hand eczema, we trialed the application of the tissue viability imaging (TiVi) system, quantifying erythema non‐invasively by polarized light spectroscopy.Materials and MethodsIn a field study with 625 employees of a semiconductor production company, 411 were exposed to prolonged wearing of occlusive gloves in the clean room. TiVi system and Hand Eczema Score for Occupational Screenings (HEROS), a quantitative skin score for the hands, were used, supplemented by a standardized personal interview.ResultsTiVi values of 65 up to 246 for each hand (palm or back), for each participant summed to overall 289 up to 848 (median 389), were measured. Higher TiVi values were noted for men, smokers, and with increasing age. Correlation between TiVi and HEROS was only weak. Several factors like skin pigmentation, thickness of the skin, or tattoos seem to influence TiVi results.ConclusionsThe practical relevance of one‐time measurements with the TiVi system in occupational screenings seems to be limited. Specifically, the TiVi system cannot replace dermatological examinations at the workplace. Notwithstanding, the application for other scientific purposes might be useful.
Confocal Raman Spectroscopy as a tool to measure the prevention of skin penetration by a specifically designed topical medical device
Authors: Laing Sabrina , Bielfeldt Stephan , Wilhelm Klaus‐Peter , Obst Joachim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground/AimThe scope of this study was to utilize confocal Raman spectroscopy in the evaluation of the degree of non‐penetration into the viable skin layers of a paraffin and petrolatum‐based product for use in the intimate areas of the skin. The formulation was purposely designed with properties to prevent undesirable skin penetration.MethodsProduct—The test product was a proprietary topical medical device comprising paraffinum liquidum, petrolatum, paraffin, and tocopheryl acetate.Volunteers—A total of 20 healthy volunteers were recruited onto the study—17 females and three males.Product Testing—Raman spectra were obtained at Baseline and 90 minutes after product application.Product Penetration—Skin penetration was calculated from Raman spectra taken at skin depths of −5, 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 μm.ResultsRaman spectra of the investigated product could be clearly differentiated from the skin spectrum. The minimum measurable concentration of the test product was determined at a detection level of 0.5%. In this study, the test product did not penetrate down to skin depths of 10 to 20 μm.ConclusionsWithin the precision range of the test method, the investigated product did not penetrate into the compact part of the stratum corneum. The study revealed Raman spectroscopy to be suitable to detect not only penetration but also non‐penetration of substances into human skin.
Interventions for the control of Aedes aegypti in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bardach Ariel Esteban , García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés , Alcaraz Andrea , Tapia López Elena , Gándara Ruth Amanda Ruano , Ruvinsky Silvina , Ciapponi Agustín 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness and degree of implementation of interventions for the control of Aedes aegypti in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as reported in scientific literature.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SOCINDEX, and LILACS, for experimental and observational studies, economic assessments and qualitative experiences carried out in LAC from 2000 to 2016. We assessed incidence and morbimortality of Aedes aegypti‐related diseases and entomological indices: Breteau (containers), House, and Pupae per Person. We used GRADE methodology for assessing quality of evidence.ResultsOf 1826 records retrieved, 75 were included and 9 cluster randomised clinical trials could be meta‐analysed. We did not identify any intervention supported by a high certainty of evidence. In consistency with qualitative evidence, health education and community engagement probably reduces the entomological indices, as do the use of insecticide‐treated materials, indoor residual spraying and the management of containers. There is low certainty of evidence supporting the use of ovitraps or larvitraps, and the integrated epidemiological surveillance strategy to improve indices and reduce the incidence of dengue. The reported degree of implementation of these vector control interventions was variable and most did not extend to whole cities and were not sustained beyond 2 years.ConclusionsWe found a general lack of evidence on effectiveness of vector control in the region, despite a few interventions that showed moderate to low certainty of evidence. It is important to engage and educate the community, apart from achieving the implementation of integrated actions between the health and other sectors at national and regional level.
A Nck‐associated protein 1‐like protein affects drought sensitivity by its involvement in leaf epidermal development and stomatal closure in rice
Authors: Huang Lichao , Chen Long , Wang Lan , Yang Yaolong , Rao Yuchun , Ren Deyong , Dai Liping , Gao Yihong , Zou Weiwei , Lu Xueli , Zhang Guangheng , Zhu Li , Hu Jiang , Chen Guang , Shen Lan , Dong Guojun , Gao Zhenyu , Guo Longbiao , Qian Qian , Zeng Dali 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWater deficit is a major environmental threat affecting crop yields worldwide. In this study, a drought stress‐sensitive mutant drought sensitive 8 (ds8) was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The DS8 gene was cloned using a map‐based approach. Further analysis revealed that DS8 encoded a Nck‐associated protein 1 (NAP1)‐like protein, a component of the SCAR/WAVE complex, which played a vital role in actin filament nucleation activity. The mutant exhibited changes in leaf cuticle development. Functional analysis revealed that the mutation of DS8 increased stomatal density and impaired stomatal closure activity. The distorted actin filaments in the mutant led to a defect in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure and increased ABA accumulation. All these resulted in excessive water loss in ds8 leaves. Notably, antisense transgenic lines also exhibited increased drought sensitivity, along with impaired stomatal closure and elevated ABA levels. These findings suggest that DS8 affects drought sensitivity by influencing actin filament activity.
Carbohydrate antigen expression and anti‐pig antibodies in New World capuchin monkeys: Relevance to studies of xenotransplantation
Authors: Li Qi , Shaikh Sahar , Iwase Hayato , Long Cassandra , Lee Whayoung , Zhang Zhongqiang , Wang Yi , Ayares David , Cooper David K.C. , Hara Hidetaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundOld World non‐human primates (OWNHPs) are used for preclinical pig‐to‐NHP studies. However, like pigs, OWNHPs express Neu5Gc, and therefore do not develop natural anti‐Neu5Gc antibodies. New World NHPs (NWNHPs) have been reported not to express Neu5Gc. We investigated the potential of NWNHPs in xenotransplantation research.MethodsWe investigated expression of Gal, Neu5Gc, and Sda antigens on RBCs and PBMCs from humans, selected OWNHPs, and capuchin monkeys (a NWNHP). Serum anti‐Gal and anti‐Neu5Gc IgM and IgG levels were measured by ELISA. Binding of primate serum IgM and IgG to pig RBCs was measured by flow cytometry.Results(a) Neither humans, OWNHPs, or capuchin monkeys expressed Gal on their RBCs, but capuchins expressed Gal on PBMCs. Humans and capuchins did not express Neu5Gc on either RBCs or PBMCs, but OWNHPs expressed Neu5Gc on both cells. Sda was not expressed on any RBCs or PBMCs. (b) By ELISA, human and OWNHP, but not capuchin, sera showed IgM and IgG binding to Gal. Human and capuchin, but not OWNHP, sera demonstrated some binding to Neu5Gc. (c) Anti‐Sda IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in OWNHP sera. Knockout of Sda on pig RBCs did not significantly reduce human and capuchin antibody binding.ConclusionCapuchin monkeys could be surrogates for humans in experiments using RBCs, islets, neuronal cells, etc, from triple‐knockout pigs (but may be too small to be used as recipients of pig organ grafts).
Potential pathological role of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐17) in xenotransplantation
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Cooper David K. C. , Wang Huiyun , Chen Pengfei , He Chen , Cai Zhiming , Mou Lisha , Luan Shaodong , Gao Hanchao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe major limitation of organ transplantation is the shortage of available organs from deceased human donors which leads to the deaths of thousands of patients each year. Xenotransplantation is considered to be an effective way to resolve the problem. Immune rejection and coagulation dysfunction are two major hurdles for the successful survival of pig xenografts in primate recipients. Pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐17, play important roles in many diseases and in allotransplantation. However, the pathological roles of these pro‐inflammatory cytokines in xenotransplantation remain unclear. Here, we briefly review the signaling transduction and expression regulation of IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 and evaluate their potential pathological roles in in vitro and in vivo models of xenotransplantation. We found that IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 were induced in most in vitro or in vivo xenotransplantation model. Blockade of these cytokines using gene modification, antibody, or inhibitor had different effects in xenotransplantation. Inhibition of IL‐6 signaling with tocilizumab decreased CRP but did not increase xenograft survival. The one possible reason is that tocilizumab can not suppress IL‐6 signaling in porcine cells or organs. Other drugs which inhibit IL‐6 signaling need to be investigated in xenotransplantation model. Inhibition of TNF‐α was beneficial for the survival of xenografts in pig‐to‐mouse, rat, or NHP models. Blockade of IL‐17 using a neutralizing antibody also increased xenograft survival in several animal models. However, the role of IL‐17 in the pig‐to‐NHP xenotransplantation model remains unclear and needs to be further investigated. Moreover, blockade of TNF‐α and IL‐6 together has got a better effect in pig‐to‐baboon kidney xenotransplantation. Blockade two or even more cytokines together might get better effect in suppressing xenograft rejection. Better understanding the role of these cytokines in xenotransplantation will be beneficial for choosing better immunosuppressive strategy or producing genetic modification pig.
Structural assessments in decellularized extracellular matrix of porcine semilunar heart valves: Evaluation of cell niches
Authors: Roderjan João Gabriel , de Noronha Lúcia , Stimamiglio Marco Augusto , Correa Alejandro , Leitolis Amanda , Bueno Ronaldo Rocha Loures , da Costa Francisco Diniz Affonso 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTissue‐engineered heart valves aim to reproduce the biological properties of natural valves with anatomically correct structure and physiological performance. The closest alternative to creating an ideal heart valve substitute is to use decellularized porcine heart valves, due to their anatomy and availability. However, the immunological barrier and the structural maintenance limit the long‐term physiological performance of decellularized porcine heart valves. This study investigated the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure of aortic and pulmonary porcine valves decellularized by a low concentration sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐based method in order to determine theECMscaffold (ECMS) conditions related to remodeling potential. To assess the structures of the leaflets and conduits of the heart valves,ECMcomponents and their organization were evaluated by histology, biochemical analysis (BC), scanning electron microscopy, multiphoton microscopy, tensile test, immunofluorescence labeling (IF), and Raman microspectroscopy used to draw a profile of the cell niches. Histology and multiphoton imaging of decellularized aortic and pulmonary leaflets and conduits revealed a collagen and elastin histoarchitecture with rearrangement, loosening fibers, and glycosaminoglycan depletion confirmed by biochemistry quantification. The potential cytotoxicity ofSDSresidues was eliminated after 10 wash cycles. The mechanical properties of the structure of the valve indicated a functional resistance of decellularizedECM. TheIFdemonstrated the presence of basement membrane, suggesting a potential structure for host cell attachment. TheRManalysis showed evidence of molecular interactions, suggesting conservation of the chemical composition, particularly among the protein molecular structures. The structural analyses performed in the semilunar porcine heart valves demonstrate that decellularizedECMShas structural properties that support physiological performance and potential host tissue integration. In fact, decellularized leaflet scaffolds were prone to cell interaction after human adipose‐derived stromal cell seeding and culturing. Further analysis of biocompatibility, particularly theECM‐cell interaction, can elucidate the remodeling process, in preserved decellularized heart valve scaffold.
Validity and reliability of lower‐limb pulse‐wave velocity assessments using an oscillometric technique
Authors: Stone Keeron , Fryer Simon , Kelsch Elizabeth , Burnet Kathryn , Zieff Gabriel , Faulkner James , Credeur Daniel , Lambrick Danielle , Hanson Erik D. , Stoner Lee 
Published: February 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
There is growing interest in the effects of sedentarism on central and peripheral cardiovascular health. To permit further investigation, including larger epidemiological studies, there is a need to identify arterial health assessment tools that are valid (accurate) and reliable (precise), yet practical.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Lower‐limb vascular health (femoral–ankle pulse‐wave velocity) can be determined in a supine position with accuracy and precision using an oscillometrically based device. This technology might help to improve our understanding of the pathological mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease to sedentarism, including the interaction between peripheral and central vasculature.

AbstractThere is a growing interest in the deleterious effects of sedentary behaviour on lower‐limb arterial health. To permit further investigation, including larger epidemiological studies, there is a need to identify lower‐limb arterial health assessment tools that are valid and reliable, yet simple to administer. In this study, we sought to determine the validity and between‐day reliability of femoral–ankle pulse‐wave velocity (faPWV) measures obtained using an oscillometrically based device (SphygmocCor XCEL) in supine and seated positions. Doppler ultrasound was used as the criterion. A total of 47 healthy adults were recruited for validity (n = 32) and reliability (n = 15) analyses. Validity was determined by measuring faPWV in seated and supine positions using the XCEL and Doppler ultrasound devices, in a randomized order. Between‐day reliability was determined by measuring seated and supine faPWV using the XCEL on three different mornings, separated by a maximum of 7 days. The validity criterion [absolute standard error of estimate (aSEE) < 1.0 m s−1] was met in the supine [aSEE = 0.8 m s−1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.4–1.0], but not in the seated (aSEE = 1.2 m s−1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2) position. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) estimates revealed that the XCEL demonstrated good reliability in the supine position (ICC = 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–0.93), but poor reliability in the seated position (ICC = 0.29, 95% CI 0.23–0.63). The oscillometric XCEL device can be used to determine lower‐limb pulse‐wave velocity with acceptable validity and reliability in the conventionally recommended supine position, but not in the seated position.
The actin ‘A‐triad's’ role in contractile regulation in health and disease
Authors: Schmidt William , Cammarato Anthony 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStriated muscle contraction is regulated by Ca2+‐dependent modulation of myosin cross‐bridge binding to F‐actin by the thin filament troponin (Tn)‐tropomyosin (Tm) complex. In the absence of Ca2+, Tn binds to actin and constrains Tm to an azimuthal location where it sterically occludes myosin binding sites along the thin filament surface. This limits force production and promotes muscle relaxation. In addition to Tn‐actin interactions, inhibitory Tm positioning requires associations between other thin filament constituents. For example, the actin ‘A‐triad’, composed of residues K326, K328 and R147, forms numerous, highly favourable electrostatic contacts with Tm that are critical for establishing its inhibitory azimuthal binding position. Here, we review recent findings, including the identification and interrogation of modifications within and proximal to the A‐triad that are associated with disease and/or altered muscle behaviour, which highlight the surface feature's role in F‐actin‐Tm interactions and contractile regulation.
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