bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Does the Liberal-Conservative Scale Measure? A Study among Clergy and Laity in the Church of England
Authors: Village Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Liberal-Conservative (LIBCON) scale is a seven-point semantic differential scale that has been widely used to measure identity within the Church of England. The history of the development of liberalism in the Church of England suggests that this scale should be associated with specific beliefs and attitudes related to doctrine, moral issues and church practices. This study tests this idea among a sample of 9339 lay and ordained readers of the Church Times (the main newspaper of the Church of England) using twelve summated rating scales measuring a range of beliefs and attitudes. Of these twelve variables, eleven were correlated with the LIBCON scale. Discriminant function analysis produced a linear function of these variables that correctly identified 35% of respondents on the scale, and 69% to within one scale score. The best predictors were scales related to either doctrine or moral issues, and these performed consistently across traditions (Anglo-catholic, Broad church or Evangelical) and between clergy and laity. Scales related to church practices suggested ‘conserving tradition’ was also involved in the liberal-conservative dimension, but this was less so for clergy and for Evangelicals. The scale is commended as an empirical measure of one dimension of Church of England identities, especially if used alongside a parallel scale measuring church tradition.
Getting the Job Done: Bolstering American Mediation on Palestine. An Israeli Plan for American Mediation of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Golan Galia 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inasmuch as the 2015 Israeli elections brought to power a Netanyahu-led coalition even more ideologically opposed to the creation of a Palestinian state than the previous coalitions, the absence of political will to reach agreement would appear to prejudge the outcome of any future negotiations should they take place. For this reason, recommendations to improve American mediation efforts remain in the realm of theory, but nevertheless may provide useful suggestions for the more basic step of returning the sides to serious negotiations.
The IMO Initial Strategy for the Reduction of GHGs from International Shipping: A Commentary
Authors: Chircop Aldo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 2018 the IMO adopted the initial Strategy for the international shipping industry’s reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions towards achieving the goal set in the 2015 Paris Agreement. At this time the Strategy is no more than a preliminary structure to frame the measures that will need to be adopted for the short, medium and long terms. In the short term (2018–2023) a first suite of measures will be adopted, and the initial Strategy will be revised and adopted as changed in 2023 with proposed measures for the medium term (2023–2030) and long term (2030–2050 and beyond). New international standards, tools and best practices will be needed to supplement the existing energy efficiency management rules in the International Convention on the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/78. This article discusses the Strategy and the role of the IMO in leading the shipping industry on the road to decarbonization.
The Kurds of Khorasan
Authors: Ali Madih &# Abbas-&# 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article is a demographic survey on the Kurds in Greater Khorasan including presently three separate provinces within the territorial-administrative system of Iran. The research is mainly based on the field materials; the author had identified most of the Kurdish populated localities in situ, though the data obtained from the local municipalities were also taken into consideration. The paper includes a comprehensive list of all the villages and rural centres of Greater Khorasan with compact and mixed Kurdish population, according to the minor administrative divisions, šahrestāns, i.e. districts. The biggest part of the Khorasani Kurds is sedentary, although there are also some groups of seasonal pastoralists. All the Kurds of Khorasan are Shi'ites. Generally, there are 696 villages with a compact or prevailing Kurdish population registered on the territory of Greater Khorasan. The total number of the Khorasani Kurds can be estimated around one million.
The Molokans in Armenia
Authors: Haytian Aram 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Molokans are a Russian sectarian group formed in the 18th century. They reject the institute of Church and the church hierarchy. The members of this group refuse to worship icons and everything that is human-made, as well as the Cross as the instrument of murder. The real Christians, they believe, must worship only the living God and recognise the Bible as the Word of God. From the beginning of the 19th century, by the initiative of the Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian government started to relocate those who rejected the Orthodoxy, including the Molokans, to the remote areas of the Empire. In Transcaucasia the Molokans were allowed to settle in the provinces of Tiflis, Erivan (Yerevan), Elizavetopol, and Baku. For the time being, most of the Molokans living in Armenia retain the communal mentality, that has allowed them for nearly two centuries to preserve their cultural and religious identity and traditions. On the other hand, individual cases of active integration have always resulted in a departure from sectarianism, which does not necessarily cause the loss of self-awareness. The article gives a detailed description of the history of the Molokan colonies in Armenia.
The Curse of Māmā &#0145Ismat
Authors: Kirakosian Hasmik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe article examines an obscure phrase in Azari, attested in Raudāt al-jinān wa jannāt al-jinān by the 16th century Iranian historiographer Hāfiz Husayn Karbalāy ī -Tabrīzī. The author makes an attempt to restore the original text and to newly translate the phrase, which is in fact a cursing formula.
A Historical and Comparative Survey of the Chinese Presence in the Latin American and Caribbean Region, with a Focus on the Anglophone Caribbean
Authors: _ _ 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, I first broadly map the historical patterns of Chinese presence in the Latin America and Caribbean (lac) region, as a way of distinguishing the primary locations and forms of incorporation and settlement. This historical context provides a baseline from which to examine patterns of the new post-1980s instantiations of Chinese presence in the wider lac region and Central America and Caribbean (cac) sub-region, with particular reference to the English-speaking Caribbean, and, even more specifically, the Eastern Caribbean group of islands with no historical antecedent of an older Chinese diaspora. To highlight this specificity, I include findings from preliminary research conducted in several of these islands, and examine some of the key emerging configurations and complications of the new dual presence in the Anglophone Caribbean of the Chinese state and private entrepreneurial immigrant.
Representation of Diasporic Chinese Wen Masculinities in A Native of Beijing in New York and A Free Life
Authors: _ _ 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article mainly draws on Kam Louie’s wen/wu paradigm of Chinese masculinities and R. W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity to examine the representation of diasporic Chinese wen masculinities in the popular Chinese television drama A Native of Beijing in New York and Ha Jin’s novel A Free Life. The article argues that the two texts suggest there is no monolithic and static diasporic masculinity among contemporary immigrant Chinese wen men in the US; rather, immigrant Chinese wen men are constantly negotiating, forming and performing their diasporic masculinity according to their specific financial conditions, personal aspirations, as well as the economic situations in China.
Into the New Wonder House
Authors: Paul Paramita 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article explores a series of images at the Foguangshan He Hua Temple in Chinatown Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It considers images in the temple’s halls and on its websites, and it investigates the spectacle of He Hua’s activities, to understand how these images contribute to debates on Chinese transnational experience. What are visual forms of He Hua’s images? How do they comment on the nature of “Chineseness” and cultural identity for one of the oldest Chinatowns in Europe? The article argues that the He Hua Temple is a new “Wonder House”, in Stanley Abe’s use of the term. It functions as an established site of knowledge, where objects are recast and appropriated into a new taxonomy of order. The article shows that the temple is an effort at artistic world-making, and that it exists as a space for questioning issues of tradition, culture and identity.
Ankersmit’s Leibnizism
Authors: Fairbrother Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper takes as a starting-point the ostensibly enormous distance between Frank Ankersmit’s Leibnizian concerns in the philosophy of historiography and the contents of works of history. Sections 1, 2 and 3 display this distance by juxtaposing the details of a historical example with the basic features of Leibniz’ philosophy and Ankersmit’s mediation of it. Section 4 discusses the relationship between Ankersmit’s Leibniz-inspired apriorism and empirical historiography. Sections 5 and 6 explain the Leibnizian logic standing behind Ankersmit’s ideas about historical representations as self-sufficient semantic (“intensional”) objects. Sections 7 and 8 consider some objections to Ankersmit’s Leibnizism and his likely replies. Section 9 emphasises just how committing is Ankersmit’s claim that historical representations are “strong individuals”. A final comment on how to view the distance between Ankersmit’s Leibnizism and the contents of works of history is offered in section 10.
Medicine in the Thought and Action of the Emperor Julian
Authors: Swist Jeremy J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper assembles evidence from the full scope of Julian’s writings that the emperor had a pronounced interest in medicine and human health, which impacted both his rhetorical and real approach to political, philosophical, and religious problems. His initiatives aimed to promote doctors, medical research, and public health. He emphasized a holistic view of bodily and spiritual health in his version of theurgic Neoplatonism. Medical frames of reference also played an appreciable role in his anti-Christian program. Finally, he himself and others styled him as a physician-king on a divine mission to heal the Empire of the Christian disease.
The Order of the Kushite Kings According to Sources from the Eastern Desert and Thebes. Or: Shabataka was here first!
Authors: Jurman Claus 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The correct order of the first two kings of the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty has been the subject of a growing debate since Michael Bányai proposed a revision of the traditional chronological model in 2013. By placing Shabataka1 before Shabaka Bányai challenged the commonly accepted view according to which it was Shabaka who established the Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and secured Kushite control over all of Egypt after having re-conquered the North and disposed of his adversary Bocchoris of the Twenty-Fourth Dynasty. Since then Bányai’s proposal of modifying the sequence of the Kushite kings, thus making Shabataka Bocchoris’ opponent, has received a growing number of supporters who have brought forward additional arguments in favour of it.
The present article introduces new arguments based on a careful analysis of prosopographic, archaeological, and epigraphic data from the Eastern Desert and Thebes—especially relating to the Kushite Nile Level Records at Karnak—which provide the strongest evidence for the sequence “Shabaka—Shabataka” hitherto adduced.
Agents of Construction
Authors: Brown Marina Wilding 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This new analysis of the interaction between graffiti and their physical context examines the functionality of rock inscriptions for the ancient Egyptians and finds that the annexation and redefinition of the landscape was a key factor motivating the production of rock art and rock inscriptions spanning the Egyptian Predynastic and Dynastic Periods. Casting off the modern, negative, connotations of “graffiti,” new research comparing ancient and modern graffiti traditions—including a proper understanding of the territorial and artistic implications of modern “gang” graffiti—illuminates certain functional parallels and assists in the formulation of a new framework based on Alfred Gell’s theory on the material agency of art and subsequent critiques. In this framework graffiti simultaneously mark territorial boundaries and work actively to create and maintain territory on an ongoing basis. The application of the framework to an ancient Egyptian case study illuminates the dynamic relationship between rock inscriptions and site formation.
Ethnicity in Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Key Issues
Authors: Moreno García Juan Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The study of ethnicity in the ancient world has known a complete renewal in recent times, at several levels, from the themes studied to the perspectives of analysis and the models elaborated by archaeologists, anthropologists, sociologists and historians. Far from traditional approaches more interested in detecting and characterizing particular ethnic groups (“Libyans,” “Medjay”) and social organizations (“tribe,” “clan”, etc.), in identifying them in the archaeological record through specific markers (pottery, ornaments, weapons, etc.) and, subsequently, in studying their patterns of interaction with other social groups (domination, acculturation, assimilation, resistance, centre periphery), recent research follows different paths. To sum up, a deeper understanding of ethnicity in ancient Egypt cannot but benefit from a close dialogue with other disciplines and is to enrich current debates in archaeology, anthropology, and ancient history.
Hyksos Research in Egyptology and Egypt’s Public Imagination: A Brief Assessment of Fifty Years of Assessments
Authors: Schneider Thomas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This contribution will look at the impact that the discovery of the site of Tell el-Dabʿa (Avaris), the capital of the Hyksos, has had on the discipline of Egyptology—in other words, to assess in what ways the disciplinary and public narrative about the Hyksos Period has (or has not) changed as a consequence of the discovery of Avaris.1 It will become clear that the cultural specifics of Avaris and its historical place have had a varied reception, and that the diverging representations that can be encountered pay tribute to different strategies of acceptance or denial that perpetuate certain traditions of scholarly and public engagement with ancient Egypt.
Ethnicity: Constructions of Self and Other in Ancient Egypt
Authors: Smith Stuart Tyson 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The construction of ethnic self and other played a central role in ancient Egyptian ideology as well as at a more quotidian level. Ethnic groups are usually seen as self-defined, distinctive entities, often corresponding neatly to political or cultural units, but in reality, expressions of ethnic identity are mutable and socially contingent. Adopting a multi-scalar approach informed by practice theory, this paper examines ancient Egyptian constructions of ethnicity, taking into account ideological and elite expressions of ethnic identity from art and texts and everyday practices revealed by archaeology. A carefully contextualized analysis shows how pejorative constructions of an ethnic other by the state contrast with more positive interactions and patterns of mutual influence at a more individual level.
Biological Correctness: Thomas Hobbes' Natural Ethics
Authors: Reiners Derek 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article argues that underlying Thomas Hobbes' prescription for concentrated power is system of ethics based on his understanding of human nature and the biological processes that govern natural human function. His thesis in Leviathan is not so much an argument for how rulers should rule as much as it is an argument for why individuals should allow themselves to be ruled in a specific manner. The justification for accepting rule comes from right reason which, in turn, comes to us from the dictates of the biological organism. If the biological organism is functioning correctly, it supports those processes and impulses which drive self-preservation. Anything that corrupts these natural processes and impulses are said to contravene right reason. Ultimately, the author believes that theoretical discourse concerning the essential interplay between political ethics and human nature should include consideration of Hobbes alongside Aristotle, David Hume, and others.
A History of Oriental Studies in Russia, based on the Correspondence of V. V. Bartol’d and N. F. Petrovskii between 1893 and 1908, from Archival Collections in the Russian Academy of Sciences (История отечественного востоковедения в переписке В.В. Бартольда и Н.Ф. Петровского (1893–1908 гг.) из архивных собраний Российской академии наук)
Authors: Bukharin (Михаил Дмитриевич Бухарин Mikhail Dmitrievich , Popova (Ирина Федоровна Попова) Irina Fedorovna 
Published: June 2019

This article presents twenty-five unpublished letters between the outstanding Russian scholar Vasilii Vladimirovich Bartol’d and the diplomat Nikolai Fedorovich Petrovsky, who was a key organizer of Russian archaeological research in Eastern Turkestan. The letters illustrate certain peculiarities in the development of Oriental studies in Russia during the late nineteenth/early twentieth century, and they enlarge our knowledge of Bartol’d’s and Petrovskii’s roles in that developmental process.
В публикации представлена переписка (25 писем) выдающегося востоковеда В.В. Бартольда и дипломата, организатора археологического изучения Восточного Туркестана Н.Ф. Петровского. Переписка характеризует особенности развития востоковедения в России в конце xix – начале xx вв. и расширяют наши знания об участии в этом процессе Бартольда и Петровского.
The Manner in which I went to Worship Mañjuśrī’s Realm, The Five-Peaked Mountain (Wutai), by Sumba Kanbo (1704–1788)
Authors: Sullivan Brenton 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This essay provides a translation of the travelogue of the eminent Oirat Buddhist lama Sumba Kanbo Yeshe Baljor (1704–1788) as he made his way to the sacred Mount Wutai. Among the many details this candid account reveals is the fact that Buddhists from the Tibetan Plateau did not travel to the sacred mountain of Wutai in China for the sake of pilgrimage, but in order to foster established relationships with Mongol patrons along the way. Sumba Kanbo spent seven months on the road in 1774 en route to Wutai (compared with only one month at the mountain itself), and during that time he was received by Mongol nobility for whom, in exchange, he contributed to the creation of ‘surrogate’ pilgrimage sites in Mongolia and more generally to the ‘Buddicisation’ of Mongolia. Sumba Kanbo’s account provides a unique window into the emergence of Buddhism in Mongolia and the manner in which this phenomenon depended upon both the political and religious bonds formed between lamas such as Sumba Kanbo and Mongol nobility, commoners and landscape that these lamas encountered on their peregrinations.
The Purist Campaign as Metadiscursive Regime in China’s Tibet
Authors: Thurston Timothy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tibetans in twenty-first-century China have engaged in an increasingly high-profile campaign to promote language purity. In this purity campaign, Tibetan comedians and rappers have encouraged their audiences to speak pure Tibetan, and a host of neologisms have been coined to help people speak Tibetan even in modern contexts. Although coining new terms involves tremendous innovation, Tibetans almost uniformly view purism in this fashion as promoting traditional knowledge and practices considered to be under threat. This paper examines Tibetan media discourses on language purity to understand the development of new metadiscursive regimes in Tibet that link otherwise contemporary values like language purity with the preservation of Tibetan traditions.
Early Soviet Policy towards Buddhism
Authors: Amogolonova Darima 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the Buryat Bolsheviks’ efforts to replace the religious identity of fellow Buryats with a Soviet identity in the wake of the Russian Revolution, and analyses the ways in which the Buddhist community attempted to adapt to totalitarian rule. In addition to fostering a general atmosphere of intolerance to religion, considered an antagonistic worldview, the Bolsheviks set out to promote the cultural assimilation of this non-Russian population within the Russian ethnic majority. This entailed a programme of education in the spirit of Soviet patriotism and loyalty, designed to ensure the ideological unity of the nation. Over a short historical period from the early 1920s to the early 1930s, the attitude of the Soviet authorities towards Buddhist religion, clergy and believers shifted radically, from tolerance towards the religion of the ‘oppressed non-Russian masses’ to uncompromising antagonism and the targeting of religion as a class enemy that must be annihilated in the name of creating ‘a new man’.
The phonology of Anatolian reduplication
Authors: Yates Anthony D. , Zukoff Sam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper we develop a synchronic and diachronic analysis of the phonology of partial reduplication in the Anatolian branch of Indo-European. We argue that the reduplicative patterns of Hittite and Luwian differ from Proto-Anatolian, which exhibited an asymmetric treatment of verbal stems with initial consonant clusters: full copying of sibilant-stop clusters, but partial copying of stop-sonorant clusters. We contend that the phonological constraint driving this asymmetry, No Poorly-Cued Repetitions (Zukoff 2017a), was demoted within the separate prehistories of Hittite and Luwian due to independent phonological changes eliminating the distinction between these cluster types. Furthermore, we show that the proposed set of diachronic constraint re-rankings in Hittite and Luwian can be explained under Maximally Informative Recursive Constraint Demotion, a minor reformulation of the Recursive Constraint Demotion algorithm (RCD; Tesar 1995, Tesar and Smolensky 1998, 2000) that favors the high ranking of maximally informative winner-preferring constraints.
Reappraising Zhang Zhidong: Forgotten Continuities During China’s Self-Strengthening, 1884-1901
Authors: Chang Adam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The recent historiography of China’s late nineteenth-century Self-Strengthening movement emphasizes the successes in Chinese state building. My research expands upon this trend through the perspective of the prominent governor-general Zhang Zhidong 張之洞 (1837-1909) and his military reforms. From 1884 to 1901, Zhang consistently pursued the creation of new military academies and western-style armies with the aim of providing an army capable of defending China. At the turn of the century, Zhang’s military apparatus was arguably one of the best in China. However, his role as a military pioneer of this era was often obscured by the wider narratives of Chinese reforms or subsumed under the reforms of more notorious officials such as Li Hongzhang or Yuan Shikai. Ultimately, the study of Zhang Zhidong’s reforms reveals an often-missed continuity in successful military reform starting in the 1880s and contributes to the developing historical narratives of successful late Qing state building.