bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Janus Textile with Conical Micropores for Human Body Moisture and Thermal Management
Authors: Dai Bing , Li Kan , Shi Lianxin , Wan Xizi , Liu Xi , Zhang Feilong , Jiang Lei , Wang Shutao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExcessive sweat secreted from the skin often causes undesired adhesion from wetted textiles and cold sensations. Traditional hydrophilic textiles such as cotton can absorb sweat but retain it. A hydrophobic/superhydrophilic Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile embedded with a conical micropore array with a hydrophilic inner surface that can achieve directional liquid transport (with an ultrahigh directional water transport capability of 1246%) and maintain human body temperature (2–3 °C higher than with cotton textiles) is demonstrated. When the hydrophobic polyester layer with large opening of hydrophilic conical micropores contacts the liquid, the Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile can pump it to the superhydrophilic nitrocellulose layer through the hydrophilic conical micropores driven by capillary force. The Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile can weaken undesired wet adhesion and heat loss due to the removal of liquid. The water wicking and air permeability of the Janus polyester/nitrocellulose textile is comparable to those of traditional cloths. This study is valuable for designing of functional textiles with directional water transport properties for personal drying and warming applications.
High‐Quality Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Films Based on In Situ Formed Organic Spacer Cations
Authors: Qing Jian , Kuang Chaoyang , Wang Heyong , Wang Yuming , Liu Xiao‐Ke , Bai Sai , Li Mingjie , Sum Tze Chien , Hu Zhangjun , Zhang Wenjing , Gao Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRuddlesden–Popper perovskites (RPPs), consisting of alternating organic spacer layers and inorganic layers, have emerged as a promising alternative to 3D perovskites for both photovoltaic and light‐emitting applications. The organic spacer layers provide a wide range of new possibilities to tune the properties and even provide new functionalities for RPPs. However, the preparation of state‐of‐the‐art RPPs requires organic ammonium halides as the starting materials, which need to be ex situ synthesized. A novel approach to prepare high‐quality RPP films through in situ formation of organic spacer cations from amines is presented. Compared with control devices fabricated from organic ammonium halides, this new approach results in similar (and even better) device performance for both solar cells and light‐emitting diodes. High‐quality RPP films are fabricated based on different types of amines, demonstrating the universality of the approach. This approach not only represents a new pathway to fabricate efficient devices based on RPPs, but also provides an effective method to screen new organic spacers with further improved performance.
Iron‐Catalyzed Selective N‐Methylation and N‐Formylation of Amines with CO2
Authors: Li Wen‐Duo , Zhu Dao‐Yong , Li Gang , Chen Jie , Xia Ji‐Bao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe herein describe an efficient iron‐catalyzed selective N‐methylation and N‐formylation of amines with CO2 and silane using mono‐phosphine as ligand. With commercially available [CpFe(CO)2]2 as catalyst, Fe‐catalyzed methylation of amines was achieved with triphenylphosphine as a ligand. Using tributylphosphine as a ligand, Fe‐catalyzed formylation of amines was realized at a lower temperature. The method was successfully applied in the late‐stage methylation and formylation of drug molecules containing amine moiety.magnified image
Ultrastretchable Elastic Shape Memory Fibers with Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Park Sungjune , Baugh Neil , Shah Hardil K. , Parekh Dishit P. , Joshipura Ishan D. , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, elastomeric fibers that have shape memory properties due to the presence of a gallium core that can undergo phase transition from solid to liquid in response to mild heating are described. The gallium is injected into the core of a hollow fiber formed by melt processing. This approach provides a straightforward method to create shape memory properties from any hollow elastic fiber. Solidifying the core changes the effective fiber modulus from 4 to 1253 MPa. This increase in stiffness can preserve the fiber in a deformed shape. The elastic energy stored in the polymer shell during deformation drives the fiber to relax back to its original geometry upon melting the solid gallium core, allowing for shape memory. Although waxes are used previously for this purpose, the use of gallium is compelling because of its metallic electrical and thermal conductivity. In addition, the use of a rigid metallic core provides perfect fixity of the shape memory fiber. Notably, the use of gallium—with a melting point above room temperature but below body temperature—allows the user to melt and deform local regions of the fiber by hand and thereby tune the effective modulus and shape of the fiber.
Intraspecific genetic divergence within Helianthus niveus and the status of two new morphotypes from Mexico
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Qiang , Imerovski Ivana , Borkowski Kelly , Huang Kaichi , Burge Dylan , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: August 2019

PremiseCollecting and characterizing the genetic diversity of wild relatives of crops can contribute importantly to sustainable crop production and food security. Wild sunflower, Helianthus niveus, occurs in arid regions in western North America and is partially cross‐compatible with the cultivated sunflower (H. annuus). We assessed phylogenetic relationships and patterns of genetic divergence among three previously described subspecies (subsp. niveus, subsp. canescens, and subsp. tephrodes) as well as two new morphotypes of H. niveus recently discovered in extreme drought and dune habitats in Baja California, Mexico.MethodsWe measured 50 plants growing in a common garden for 27 morphological traits and conducted principal component analysis to assess patterns of phenotypic variation. Genome size of each accession was determined using flow cytometry. Pollen viability of first generation hybrids between taxa was tested to infer the strength of intrinsic postzygotic reproductive barriers. Finally, genotyping‐by‐sequencing data were used to investigate the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships among the previously described subspecies and new morphotypes.ResultsThe intraspecific genetic and phenotypic divergence of H. niveus populations closely tracks their geographical distribution. Subspecies niveus is phenotypically, genetically, and reproductively distinct from the other two subspecies and has a larger genome. Therefore, H. niveus as currently circumscribed should be considered to contain two distinct species, H. niveus and H. tephrodes. ABBA‐BABA tests revealed substantial introgression between subsp. canescens and its sympatric congener H. petiolaris, which might contribute to their morphological similarities. The two new morphotypes collected in Mexico represent local ecotypes of subsp. niveus that occur in extreme drought and dune environments. Mantel tests showed a strong positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances.ConclusionsWe conclude that geographic isolation is primarily responsible for intraspecific genomic divergence within H. niveus, while patterns of phenotypic variation appear to have been shaped by ecological selection and interspecific introgression.
Perioperative care of children with sickle cell disease: A systematic review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Schyrr Frederica , Dolci Mirko , Nydegger Martine , Canellini Giorgia , Andreu‐Ullrich Heidrun , Joseph Jean‐Marc , Diezi Manuel , Cachat Francois , Rizzi Mattia , Renella Raffaele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChildren with sickle cell disease (SCD) require specific perioperative care, and clinical practice in this area remains poorly defined. We aimed to conduct a systematic, PRISMA‐based review of the literature, available clinical guidelines and practice recommendations. We also aimed to extract any valuable information for the “best of available‐evidence”‐based prevention of perioperative adverse events in children with SCD, and highlight the most urgent priorities in clinical research. As data sources, US National Library of Medicine, Medline, National Guideline Clearinghouse, International Guideline Network, TRIP databases were searched for any content until January 2019. We also included institutional, consortia and expert group guidelines. Included were reports/guidelines in English, French, German, and Italian. Excluded were reports on obstetrical and fetal management. We identified 202 reports/guidelines fulfilling the criteria outlined above. A majority focused on visceral, cardiovascular and orthopedic surgery procedures, and only five were multicenter randomized controlled trials and two prospective randomized studies. After grading of the quality of the evidence, the extracted data was summarized into clinical recommendations for daily practice. Additionally, we designed a risk‐grading algorithm to identify contexts likely to be associated with adverse outcomes. In conclusion, we provide a systematic PRISMA‐based review of the existing literature and ancillary practice and delineate a set of clinical recommendations and priorities for research.
Phase I/II trial of the CXCR4 inhibitor plerixafor in combination with bortezomib as a chemosensitization strategy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Ghobrial Irene M. , Liu Chia‐Jen , Zavidij Oksana , Azab Abdel K. , Baz Rachid , Laubach Jacob P. , Mishima Yuji , Armand Philippe , Munshi Nikhil C. , Basile Frank , Constantine Michael , Vredenburgh James , Boruchov Adam , Crilley Pamela , Henrick Patrick M. , Hornburg Kalvis T. V. , Leblebjian Houry , Chuma Stacey , Reyes Kaitlen , Noonan Kimberly , Warren Diane , Schlossman Robert , Paba‐Prada Claudia , Anderson Kenneth C. , Weller Edie , Trippa Lorenzo , Shain Kenneth , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that using CXCR4 inhibition to target the interaction between the tumor cells and the microenvironment leads to sensitization of the tumor cells to apoptosis. Eligibility criteria included multiple myeloma (MM) patients with 1‐5 prior lines of therapy. The purposes of the phase I study were to evaluate the safety and maximal‐tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination. The treatment‐related adverse events and response rate of the combination were assessed in the phase II study. A total of 58 patients were enrolled in the study. The median age of the patients was 63 years (range, 43‐85), and 78% of them received prior bortezomib. In the phase I study, the MTD was plerixafor 0.32 mg/kg, and bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2. The overall response rate for the phase II study was 48.5%, and the clinical benefit rate 60.6%. The median disease‐free survival was 12.6 months. The CyTOF analysis demonstrated significant mobilization of plasma cells, CD34+ stem cells, and immune T cells in response to plerixafor. This is an unprecedented study that examines therapeutic targeting of the bone marrow microenvironment and its interaction with the tumor clone to overcome resistance to therapy. Our results indicate that this novel combination is safe and that the objective response rate is high even in patients with relapsed/refractory MM. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00903968.
The construction of the cultural niche: A biocultural model
Authors: Dressler William W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesObjective of the study is to develop a more precise model of culture as an evolutionary niche for the human species. Culture is encoded in cultural models and can be decomposed into three basic components: shared knowledge and understanding, referred to as cultural competence; alternate configurations of shared understanding, referred to as residual agreement; and social practice, referred to as cultural consonance. Individuals are thus located in a cultural Euclidean space of shared understanding, patterned divergence from that understanding, and social practice.MethodsA follow‐up sample (n = 64) of a larger survey sample was interviewed to collect data on cultural competence, residual agreement, and cultural consonance in five cultural domains. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to examine dimensional structure. Cluster analysis was used to group respondents along these dimensions. The association of cluster membership with depression was examined using dummy variable regression analysis.ResultsMultidimensional scaling was consistent with a three‐dimensional structure. Based on measures of cultural competence, residual agreement, and cultural consonance, respondents clustered into three groups: the culturally proficient, the culturally knowledgeable, and the culturally distal. Individuals in the culturally proficient and knowledgeable groups reported fewer depressive symptoms than the culturally distal.ConclusionsThese results suggest a three‐dimensional Euclidean structure of culture in which knowledge is shared, contested, and acted upon. Such a cultural niche likely emerged early in human evolution because of the enhanced survival value of shared and contested knowledge, verifiable through practice.
Divided zygoma in Holocene human populations from Northern China
Authors: Zhang Qun , Zhang Quanchao , Yang Shiyu , Dechow Paul C. , Zhu Hong , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesDivided zygoma (DZ) occurs in contemporaneous human populations, with the highest incidences in people from East Asia and Southern Africa. The present study examines the prevalence and variation of this condition in the Holocene populations of Northern China for the first time.MethodsIn this study, 1145 skulls from various human populations living in Northern China from the Neolithic Age to recent dynasties (5000‐300 years BP) were examined. Specifically, cranial measurements and a CT scan were conducted to quantify craniofacial morphology.ResultsFifteen skulls were identified with DZ, revealing an overall prevalence of 1.3% in the collection, while it was determined to be higher in North Asian and Northeast Asian regional groups. In skulls with unilateral DZ, the superior division of the zygoma was generally slender, while the inferior division of the zygoma was more robust. In skulls with bilateral DZ, the maxillae were generally more laterally extended. Moreover, unilateral DZ skulls displayed differences in cortical bone thickness between two sides of the facial skeleton.DiscussionIn context, the distribution pattern within these data points toward a greater prevalence of the DZ phenotype in North and Northeast Asian regional groups, suggesting a hypothesis that the DZ trait is more frequent in populations characterized by flat and broad faces. Accordingly, further studies into the DZ condition will deepen our understanding of developments in plasticity, variation, and recent evolution of the human cranium.
Chronic Dengue Virus Panencephalitis in a Patient with Progressive Dementia with Extrapyramidal Features
Authors: Johnson Tory P. , Larman H. Benjamin , Lee Myoung‐Hwa , Whitehead Stephen S. , Kowalak Jeffrey , Toro Camilo , Lau C. Christopher , Kim Juyun , Johnson Kory R. , Reoma Lauren B. , Faustin Arline , Pardo Carlos A. , Kottapalli Sanjay , Howard Jonathan , Monaco Daniel , Weisfeld‐Adams James , Blackstone Craig , Galetta Steven , Snuderl Matija , Gahl William A. , Kister Ilya , Nath Avindra 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the underlying etiology in a patient with progressive dementia with extrapyramidal signs and chronic inflammation referred to the National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program.MethodsExtensive investigations included metabolic profile, autoantibody panel, infectious etiologies, genetic screening, whole exome sequencing, and the phage‐display assay, VirScan, for viral immune responses. An etiological diagnosis was established postmortem.ResultsUsing VirScan, enrichment of dengue viral antibodies was detected in cerebrospinal fluid as compared to serum. No virus was detected in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, but postmortem analysis confirmed dengue virus in the brain by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing. Dengue virus was also detectable by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing from brain biopsy tissue collected 33 months antemortem, confirming a chronic infection despite a robust immune response directed against the virus. Immunoprofiling and whole exome sequencing of the patient did not reveal any immunodeficiency, and sequencing of the virus demonstrated wild‐type dengue virus in the central nervous system.InterpretationDengue virus is the most common arbovirus worldwide and represents a significant public health concern. Infections with dengue virus are usually self‐limiting, and chronic dengue infections have not been previously reported. Our findings suggest that dengue virus infections may persist in the central nervous system causing a panencephalitis and should be considered in patients with progressive dementia with extrapyramidal features in endemic regions or with relevant travel history. Furthermore, this work highlights the utility of comprehensive antibody profiling assays to aid in the diagnosis of encephalitis of unknown etiology. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:695–703
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel leaves aqueous extract; characterization and analysis of their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Shahriari Marjan , Hemmati Saba , Zangeneh Akram , Zangeneh Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: August 2019

Gold nanoparticles have unique and excellent medical and nonmedical properties and application compared with other metallic nanoparticles. Recently, they have been used for the prevention, control, and treatment of bacterial and fungal diseases. In the recent study, fresh and clean leaves of Allium noeanum Reut. ex Regel leaves have been used for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Also, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of HAuCl4, A. noeanum, and the synthesized nanoparticles (Au NPs). These nanoparticles were analyzed by FT‐IR, UV, XRD, EDS, FE‐SEM, and TEM tests. FTIR results offered antioxidant compounds in the plant were the sources of reducing power, reducing gold ions to Au NPs. In TEM images revealed an average diameter of 10‐30 nm. At the beginning of biological experiments, DPPH free radical scavenging test was carried out to examine the antioxidant property. Also, in the bacterial part of this study, the concentration of HAuCl4, A. noeanum, and AuNPs with minimum dilution and no turbidity was considered MIC. To determine MBC, 60 μL of MIC and three preceding chambers were cultured on Muller Hinton Agar. The minimum concentration with no bacterial growth was considered MBC. Au NPs revealed excellent antioxidant potential against DPPH, non‐toxicity property against human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and antibacterial activities against Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, and Escherichia coli O157:H7. These findings show that the inclusion of A. noeanum extract improves the solubility of Au NPs, which led to a notable enhancement in the antioxidant and antibacterial effects.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Soy Fatty Acid Ester Estolides as Bioplasticizers in Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Stolp Lucas J. , Joseph Eugene , Kodali Dharma R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlasticizers are nonvolatile organic liquids that impart flexibility to polymers. Due to environmental, health, and safety reasons, the industry is looking for bioplasticizers to replace petroleum‐derived phthalates. To fulfill this need, soy fatty acid ester estolides were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated as phthalate replacements. Soybean oil was transesterified with methanol or glycerol to form lower molecular weight fatty acid esters that were epoxidized and ring opened with acetic acid and acetylated to give the final products. Ring opening and acetylation of the epoxidized oleic acid esters gave acyclic acetate fatty acid ester estolides, whereas the polyunsaturated fatty acid esters, linoleate, and linolenate gave cyclic tetrahydrofuran derivatives and cross‐linked higher molecular weight materials. The cyclization mechanism to form the tetrahydrofuran derivatives was postulated. Soy fatty acid ester estolides were compounded with formulated poly(vinyl chloride), (PVC) and tested for their functional properties. The physical and functional properties of the new bioplasticizers were compared with commercial plasticizers. The elasticity of PVC compounded with experimental plasticizers and commercial phthalates was comparable. PVC compounded with fatty acid methyl ester estolide showed lower glass transition temperature and similar tensile properties compared to PVC compounded with the commercial phthalate. PVC compounded with the glyceryl fatty acid ester estolide showed a higher glass transition temperature, higher tensile properties compared to PVC compounded with the commercial phthalate.
Structure–property relationships of silica/silane formulations in natural rubber, isoprene rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Lockhorn David , Klüppel Manfred 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe mechanical performance of natural rubber (NR), synthetic poly‐isoprene rubber (IR), and styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites filled with various silica/silane systems is investigated. The results are analyzed by referring to micro‐mechanical material parameters, which quantify the morphological and structural properties of the polymer and filler network. These are obtained from fits with the dynamic flocculation model (DFM) describing the strongly nonlinear quasi‐static stress–strain response of filler‐reinforced elastomers as found from multihysteresis measurements of the investigated compounds. We focus on the reinforcement mechanisms of silica compounds with coupling and covering silane, respectively. The fitted material parameters give hints that the coupling silane provides a strong chemical polymer–filler coupling, which is accompanied by improved strength of filler–filler bonds for all three rubbers types. This may result also from the chemical coupling of short chains bridging adjacent silica particles. It implies larger stress values for the coupling silane and, in the case of NR and IR, a more pronounced “Payne effect” compared to the covering silane. In contrast, for SBR, the coupling silane delivers a lower Payne effect, which is explained by differences in the compatibility between rubber type and silane‐grafted silica surface. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48435.
Sequential parallel comparison design for “gold standard” noninferiority trials with a prespecified margin
Authors: Homma Gosuke , Daimon Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThree‐arm noninferiority trials (involving an experimental treatment, a reference treatment, and a placebo)—called the “gold standard” noninferiority trials—are conducted in patients with mental disorders whenever feasible, but often fail to show superiority of the experimental treatment and/or the reference treatment over the placebo. One possible reason is that some of the patients receiving the placebo show apparent improvement in the clinical condition. An approach to addressing this problem is the use of the sequential parallel comparison design (SPCD). Nonetheless, the SPCD has not yet been discussed in relation to gold standard noninferiority trials. In this article, our aim was to develop a hypothesis‐testing method and its corresponding sample size calculation method for gold standard noninferiority trials with the SPCD. In a simulation, we show that the proposed hypothesis‐testing method achieves the nominal type I error rate and power and that the proposed sample size calculation method has adequate power accuracy.