bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Awareness of oral medicine among medical practitioners, evidence of the unbridged interdisciplinary gap
Authors: Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Darwazeh Azmi M.G. , Hassona Yazan , Bader Dima H. , Khader Yousef S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesInadequate awareness of oral health and related disciplines appears to be common among medical practitioners. This study was designed to evaluate the awareness of oral medicine (OM) specialty and its scope of practice among Jordanian medical practitioners and to outline potential strategies for improvement where appropriate.MethodA specially designed questionnaire was electronically distributed to Jordanian medical practitioners and thereafter via personal interviews to improve the response rate. The questionnaire comprised nine questions and covered demographical details and characteristics of participants, in addition to their awareness of OM and agreement to refer a group of common oral and dental conditions to OM specialists. Pearson Chi‐square tests were used to examine the significance of association between the variables of respondents and awareness of OM. Significance level was set at P values < 0.05.ResultsA total of 1492 respondents completed the questionnaire, of which 779 (52.2%) were aware of OM as an independent specialty. Age group, higher degrees in medicine, country of graduation, and the specialty type were significant determinants of OM awareness level. Oral ulceration and other mucosal pathology, including fungal infections, were the most likely conditions to be referred to OM specialists while participants had apparent problems separating the scope of practice of OM from other dental disciplines.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on the profound interdisciplinary gap between medicine and dentistry and highlights the importance of more focused education and training in oral health‐related disciplines to be provided to clinicians and medical trainees as described.
Skin surface lipid differences in sensitive skin caused by psychological stress and distinguished by support vector machine
Authors: Jiang Biao , Cui Le , Zi Yusha , Jia Yan , He Congfen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundSensitive skin refers to skin that tends to be highly responsive to stimuli such as physical, chemical, and psychological. Psychological factors play an important role in the pathology of sensitive skin.ObjectiveThis study investigated lipid difference between sensitive skin caused by psychological stress and normal skin, followed by construction of a support vector machine (SVM).MethodsA noninvasive method was used to collect lipid samples from the skin surface. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) technique and partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to screen for differential lipids. A correlation analysis was performed on differential lipids, and a support vector model was established based on the differential lipids.ResultsTwelve differential lipids were obtained, and the most differentiating species were triacylglycerols (TGs), followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), saturated fatty acids (SFAs), diacylglycerols (DGs), and 6‐hydroxysphingosine levels. Triglyceride, SFA, and MUFA species showed a high correlation, and the support vector machine (SVM) differentiation model based on differential lipids had a 100% accuracy rate.ConclusionPsychological stress may cause damage to the permeability and antimicrobial barriers of the skin, thereby resulting in sensitive skin. Differentiation models based on SVMs have good prospects for distinguishing sensitive skin caused by psychological stress.
Medium‐chain glycerides affect gut morphology, immune‐ and goblet cells in post‐weaning piglets: In vitro fatty acid screening withEscherichia coliand in vivo consolidation with LPS challenge
Authors: De Keyser Kirsten , Dierick Noël , Kanto Uthai , Hongsapak Tassanan , Buyens Goedele , Kuterna Leni , Vanderbeke Erik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe influence of medium‐chain glycerides on performance and gastrointestinal well‐being in weaning piglets was assessed. First, caproic (C6), caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acid activity againstEscherichia coliwas screened in vitro. Pig flora of the whole small intestine was used as inoculum. Seven in vitro incubations were done in duplicate at pH = 3 and 5: C10 (15 mM), C8 (12 mM), C6 (15, 12, 10 mM), a non‐incubated‐negative control and incubated negative control. Culture suspensions were plated onE. coli‐selective agar. Controls showed bacterial growth. C6 and C8 showed no growth at both pH‐values, where C10 showed growth at pH = 5. Secondly, an in vivo study was done with 80 weaned piglets over 42 days, housed in pens of eight animals (five pens/treatment), fed a basal diet containing broken rice/soya bean meal/fish meal and supplemented with C6 and C8 in medium‐chain glyceride form (MCT6/8, 0.175%) or antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, 0.020%) (Kasetsart University, Thailand) serving as control. Feed intake, daily gain and feed‐to‐gain ratio did not differ between MCT6/8 and AGP. Per replicate, two random selected piglets were challenged intravenously withE. coli‐lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline solution (S) at Days 21 and 28. All challenged animals were sacrificed; blood and digestive tract samples (jejunum/ileum) were collected at Day 35. LPS challenge consistently reduced villus height and crypt depth for MCT6/8 and AGP. However, LPS‐challenged piglets supplemented with MCT6/8 restored villus height, where AGP did not. MCT6/8 piglets had higher serum IgA, more jejunal IgA‐positive plasma cells and goblet cells than AGP. At the ileal level, results were similar, though less pronounced. The present study offers new insight in the benefits of MCT6/8 over AGP in the post‐weaning period. There is in vitro anti‐microbial action of C6 and C8 onE. coli. In vivo, MCT6/8 also has protective effects in the small intestine that may result in growth promotion.
Fibrosis‐matched outcomes between chronic hepatitis B patients with drug‐induced virological response and inactive carriers
Authors: Kim Hye Soo , Baatarkhuu Oidov , Lee Hye Won , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Song Kijun , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Beom Kyung , Kim Seung Up 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsWe compared the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development between patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who achieved virological response (VR; HBV‐DNA < 2000 IU/mL) with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) treatment (NUC‐VR group) and patients with inactive CHB phase (ICHBP group).MethodsTo adjust for imbalances between NUC‐VR and ICHBP groups, propensity score matching (PSM) models with 1:1 ratios were performed.ResultsThis study included 2032 patients (n = 1291 in NUC‐VR group and n = 741 in ICHBP group). Before PSM, NUC‐VR group was at higher risk of HCC development than ICHBP group at 7 years (9.4% in NUC‐VR group vs 3.3% in ICHBP group; P < 0.001). However, after PSM, the cumulative HCC development rates at 7 years were similar in NUC‐VR and ICHBP groups using the three PSM models [2.0% vs 4.3%, PSM model‐1 (612 pairs); 3.7% vs 4.4%, PSM model‐2 (618 pairs); and 2.4% vs 4.3%, PSM model‐3 (610 pairs)] (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsAfter adjusting heavier hepatic fibrosis burden in NUC‐VR group, overall clinical outcomes between 2 groups had become comparable. Therefore, if appropriate, NUCs to prevent viral replication and hepatic inflammation are required for achieving better prognosis.
Experiences of newly diagnosed cancer patients in confronting the finitudes of life: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Stanic Jelena , Perrenoud Béatrice , Rochat Etienne , Ballabeni Pierluigi , Jaques Cécile , Schaer-Chaudhry Anne-Claude , Zumstein-Shaha Maya 
Published: October 2018

Review question:
What is the experience of newly diagnosed patients with cancer when facing the finitude of life and undergoing initial anti-cancer treatment?
Electronic textile electrocardiogram monitoring in cardiac patients: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Teferra Meseret N. , Kourbelis Constance , Newman Peter , Ramos Joyce S. , Hobbs David , Clark Robyn A. , Reynolds Karen J. 
Published: October 2018

Review question/objective:
This scoping review aims to explore and scope the literature and research on the use of e-textile electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring in cardiac patients and provide a unique contribution to the available evidence. The objectives of this scoping review are:
The questions of this review are:
Prevention of venous thromboembolism in postoperative abdominal patients: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Zhao WenWen , McArthur Alexa , Yu ZhengHong , Hu Yan , Luo Jing 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
This project's aim was to ensure that venous thromboembolism assessment was performed accurately, and that adequate prophylaxis was followed-up, resulting in a decrease in the incidence of venous thromboembolism postoperatively and enhancing recovery after surgery.

Introduction:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. Evidence suggests that the majority of hospital patients are at risk for VTE, but the prophylaxis recommended for their risk factors are not adequately utilized. Venous thromboembolism prevention is primarily based on an adequate risk stratification.

Methods:
A baseline audit on VTE prevention utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System program was undertaken and involved 21 nurses and 30 patients. An intervention including VTE education, clinical practice and prophylaxis was conducted, following which a post-implementation re-audit was undertaken.

Results:
The baseline audit results showed that four audit criteria results were found to under 30%, which indicated poor compliance with the current evidence. After implementing the strategies, including education, VTE video, etc., there was a huge improvement, with most of the audit criteria achieving 100% compliance.

Conclusions:
Overall the project achieved a significant improvement in evidence-based practice in the prevention of VTE, implemented in two wards. Sustaining best practice should be planned for the future.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions on the impact of rheumatoid arthritis: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Santos Eduardo , Duarte Cátia , Marques Andréa , Cardoso Daniela , Apóstolo João , da Silva José A. P. , Barbieri-Figueiredo Maria 
Published: October 2018

Review question:
The questions of this review are:
Data for decision making: using a dashboard to strengthen routine immunisation in Nigeria
Authors: Etamesor Sulaiman , Ottih Chibuzo , Salihu Ismail Ndalami , Okpani Arnold Ikedichi 
Published: October 2018

Availability of reliable data has for a long time been a challenge for health programmes in Nigeria. Routine immunisation (RI) data have always been characterised by conflicting coverage figures for the same vaccine across different routine data reporting platforms.Following the adoption of District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2) as a national electronic data management platform, the DHIS2 RI Dashboard Project was initiated to address the absence of some RI-specific indicators on DHIS2. The project was also intended to improve visibility and monitoring of RI indicators as well as strengthen the broader national health management information system by promoting the use of routine data for decision making at all governance levels. This paper documents the process, challenges and lessons learnt in implementing the project in Nigeria.A multistakeholder technical working group developed an implementation framework with clear preimplementation; implementation and postimplementation activities. Beginning with a pilot in Kano state in 2014, the project has been scaled up countrywide.Nearly 34 000 health workers at all administrative levels were trained on RI data tools and DHIS2 use. The project contributed to the improvement in completeness of reports on DHIS2 from 53 % in first quarter 2014 to 81 % in second quarter 2017.The project faced challenges relating to primary healthcare governance structures at the subnational level, infrastructure and human resource capacity. Our experience highlights the need for early and sustained advocacy to stakeholders in a decentralised health system to promote ownership and sustainability of a centrally coordinated systems strengthening initiative.
Limited implementation of the framework convention on tobacco control’s tobacco tax provision: global comparison
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Glantz Stanton 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo quantify changes in tobacco tax rates and cigarette affordability after countries ratified the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) using with the WHO MPOWER standards.MethodsWe used logistic regression to assess the association of FCTC ratification with adoption of at least 50% and 75% (high) of retail price tobacco tax rates for the most sold brands in countries, accounting for years since ratification and other covariates. We also compared cigarette affordability in 2014 with 1999.ResultsBy 2014, 44% of high-income countries had taxes above 75% of retail value compared with 18% in 1998/1999. In 15 years, 69 countries increased the tobacco tax rate, 33 decreased it and one had the same tax rate. FCTC ratification was not associated with implementing high tobacco taxes. More fragile countries in terms of security, political, economic and social development were less likely to have at least 50% and 75% tobacco tax rates in 2014 compared with 1999. The higher the cigarette prices in 1999 the less likely the countries were to have at least 75% tobacco tax rates in 2014. However, cigarettes were less affordable in 2014 than in 1999 in countries that had ratified FCTC earlier.ConclusionsDespite widespread FCTC ratification, implementing higher tobacco taxes remains incomplete. Guidelines for FCTC Article 6 implementation should assign definite targets for tobacco taxes and for implementation of a tax escalator that gradually increases taxes to match rising income levels. Fragile countries are less likely to have high tobacco taxes and less affordable cigarettes. The tobacco control community should intensify efforts to help fragile countries improve performance in FCTC implementation both through strengthening their administrative and technical capacity and through supporting basic functions of government.
Risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse: a protocol for a systematic review of validated assessment tools
Authors: Galindo Sheila Raposo , Silva Tatiana de Paula Santana da , Marinho Manoel Henrique da Nóbrega , Ribeiro Carlos Eduardo de Souza Leão , Lima Murilo Duarte da Costa , Vasconcelos Selene Cordeiro 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionOpioid use patterns of individuals with non-cancer pain are influenced by the behavioural dynamics of the individual in managing and properly following the prescription. The use of assessment tools for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse is important for health professionals who provide care to individuals with non-cancer pain. The aim of the proposed review is to analyse the psychometric properties of tools for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse in adults with non-cancer pain.Methods and analysisThe review process will be based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments will be used to analyse the assessment tools. Two independent reviewers will perform the literature search and analysis procedures. Searches will be performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases, and the ‘snowball’ strategy will be employed. The inclusion criteria will be (1) validation studies, (2) assessment tools designed exclusively for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse and (3) assessment tools designed for evaluation of adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The titles and abstracts of the studies retrieved from the databases will be analysed for the preselection of articles, which will be submitted to a full-text analysis to define the final sample. Divergence of opinion between two reviewers will be resolved by consulting a third reviewer.Ethics and disseminationThe review will offer an overview of assessment tools available for measuring the risk of behaviour suggestive of opioid abuse, which is relevant to reducing the risk of deaths due to abusive consumption and for clinical management of adults with chronic non-cancer pain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018081577.
Reduced prevalence of small-for-gestational-age and preterm birth for women of low socioeconomic position: a population-based cohort study comparing antenatal midwifery and physician models of care
Authors: McRae Daphne N , Janssen Patricia A , Vedam Saraswathi , Mayhew Maureen , Mpofu Deborah , Teucher Ulrich , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveOur aim was to investigate if antenatal midwifery care was associated with lower odds of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth, preterm birth (PTB) or low birth weight (LBW) compared with general practitioner (GP) or obstetrician (OB) models of care for women of low socioeconomic position.SettingThis population-level, retrospective cohort study used province-wide maternity, medical billing and demographic data from British Columbia, Canada.ParticipantsOur study included 57 872 pregnant women, with low socioeconomic position, who: were residents of British Columbia, Canada, carried a singleton fetus, had low to moderate medical/obstetric risk, delivered between 2005 and 2012 and received medical insurance premium assistance.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe report rates, adjusted ORs (aOR), and 95% CIs for the primary outcome, SGA birth (<the 10th percentile), and secondary outcomes, PTB (<37 weeks’ completed gestation) and LBW (<2500 g).ResultsOur sample included 4705 midwifery patients, 45 114 GP patients and 8053 OB patients. Odds of SGA birth were reduced for patients receiving antenatal midwifery versus GP (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.82) or OB care (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.69). Odds of PTB were lower for antenatal midwifery versus GP (aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.86) or OB patients (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.62). Odds of LBW were reduced for midwifery versus GP (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.82) or OB patients (aOR 0.43, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.54).ConclusionAntenatal midwifery care in British Columbia, Canada, was associated with lower odds of SGA birth, PTB and LBW, for women of low socioeconomic position, compared with physician models of care. Results support the development of policy to ensure antenatal midwifery care is available and accessible for women of low socioeconomic position. Future research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms linking midwifery care to better birth outcomes for women of low socioeconomic position.
Effect of psychosocial work factors on the risk of certified absences from work for a diagnosed mental health problem: a protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Duchaine Caroline S , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahee , Aubé Karine , Vezina Michel , Ndjaboue Ruth , Trudel Xavier , Lesage Alain , Moore Lynne , Laurin Danielle , Brisson Chantal 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionMental health problems (MHPs) are frequent and disabling and are the first or second leading cause of certified sickness absences from work in industrialised countries. They are generally long lasting and generate a considerable human and socioeconomic burden. The deleterious effect of adverse psychosocial work factors on MHP has been documented. However, the evidence regarding the effect of these factors on absences from work for an MHP has not been synthesised since 2007. The proposed systematic review aims to synthesise the effect of adverse psychosocial work factors from three validated theoretical models (the demand–control–support, effort–reward–imbalance and organisational justice models) on the risk of certified absences from work for diagnosed MHP among workers.Method and analysisA systematic search strategy will be conducted in seven databases: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycInfo, Sociological abstracts and IBSS. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, a multistep screening process by independent reviewers will lead to study selection. The search strategy was first run in 16 January 2017 and will be updated in October 2018. Only quantitative, prospective studies evaluating the effect of at least one psychosocial work factor from the validated theoretical models on certified absence from work for a diagnosed MHP will be considered for inclusion. Extracted data will be used for quantitative and qualitative evidence synthesis as well as to assess risk of bias and methodological quality. Meta-estimates will be provided for high-quality studies and by each psychosocial work factor, after considering homogeneity and number of studies.Ethics and disseminationAs this study will be based only on published studies, ethics approval is not required. Given that psychosocial works factors are frequent and modifiable, the results of this systematic review may provide evidence to support prevention strategies that can help to reduce the human social and economic burden associated with medically certified absences from work for an MHP.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091632.
Role of clinical psychology in UK hospices
Authors: Russell Charlotte , Fountain Averil 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThe National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2004) guidance recommends a tiered approach to psychological care within cancer care. This includes the provision of Clinical Psychologists to support other professionals to deliver high-quality psychological care at levels 1 and 2 and to provide direct input to patients experiencing high levels of distress at level 4. However, little is known about the role of Clinical Psychology within UK Hospices currently. A survey of Clinical Psychologists working in this area was undertaken to address this gap in knowledge.MethodsWe conducted an anonymous online survey of Clinical Psychologists working in Hospice organisations across the UK. Recruitment was completed via professional networking groups, social media and by contacting UK Hospice organisations. The survey included quantitative and qualitative items about professionals’ experience, how their input is organised, their roles and activities and their views on the valuable and challenging aspects of working in this setting.ResultsEighteen Clinical Psychologists responded and there was considerable variance in how their roles were organised. The tasks undertaken by most respondents were direct work with and consultation for hospice patients, and teaching and training staff. However, the findings demonstrated that Clinical Psychologists can undertake a wide range of tasks and draw on a range of therapeutic approaches including Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy, in their hospice work.ConclusionOur results provide an overview of the role of Clinical Psychology in UK Hospices and demonstrate the contribution that Psychologists can make to this field.